bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentingnya Mengatasi Kecanduan Pornografi Internet Di Kalangan Remaja
Authors: EGHA
Published: December 2021

Remaja adalah masa rasa ingin tahu, salah satunya terhadap hal yang berkaitan dengan pornoggrafi. Kemajuan teknologi pada saat ini dapat sangat membantu membuat mereka untuk dapat mengakses dan menonton porno secara mudah sehingga dapat membuat mereka menjadi ketagiahan. Oleh karena itu dapat di lakukan penelitian secara kaji melalui buku, jurnal, artikel ataupun melalui hasil penelitian public melalui tema atau judul pornografi dalam hidup anak remaja.
Effects of Auditory Stimuli on Beat-Synchronized Long Distance Walking: Part A - Energize on Country Music
Authors: Shay Gregory Dean
Published: December 2021

In well documented studies, walking and music have independently shown substantial medical, health, productivity, and other human benefits. When music is combined with walking, and especially when the walking is done in synchrony to the beat, the music can stimulate faster walking without apparent awareness, the “velocity effect”. Some studies have reported that music that is either familiar, more enjoyable, and/or has higher “groove” tends to be more stimulating, and that some music can actually be sedating resulting in a slower speed relative to that of walking to a metronome at the same cadence. Research illuminating the velocity effect has mostly been conducted over relatively short stepping distances in a laboratory or similar outdoor setting. The current study examines walking on a real-world long distance outdoor track with a single genre of music that was at least somewhat familiar and somewhat enjoyable to the test subject. In this study, the test subject stepped in self-instructed synchrony with confirmed high accuracy to two types of auditory stimuli – either to the beat of a metronome (a presumed neutral source or what might be considered a most rudimentary form of music), or to the beat of a broad-spectrum of country music continuously over a 2-mile course. Nine metronome tempos and twenty-one country music tempos were examined in a walkable range of 90 to 130 beats per minute (BPM), and the effects of the music and metronome on walking performance were examined and quantified. Overall, the mix of country music was significantly more energizing than the metronome providing a relatively consistent 10% increase in step length and a resulting 10% increase in speed over the entire tempo/cadence range. Speed as a function of tempo was essentially linear in the beat range for both auditory stimuli with an apparent increase in speed relative to the trendlines occurring near 120 BPM, a preferred human response frequency reported in some prior investigations.
Maternal anxiety symptoms associated with increased behavioral synchrony in the early postnatal period
Authors: Lemus Alejandra , Vogel Sarah C , Greaves Ashley , Brito Natalie Hiromi
Published: December 2021

The presence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) has typically been associated with decreases in the quality of mother-infant interactions. However, maternal anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period have been less studied than other mental health disorders like depression. In the current study we examined associations among symptoms of maternal anxiety, maternal perceived stress, and mother-infant behavioral synchrony in the early postnatal period. Eighty one mother-infant dyads participated in this study when the infants were 3 months old. Surveys were given to obtain demographic information and current maternal mental health symptoms, and dyads completed a 5-minute free play task to measure behavioral synchrony. Results indicated that maternal anxiety symptoms were positively associated with behavioral synchrony, but only for mothers reporting moderate levels of perceived stress. These findings highlight the differential impact of maternal postpartum mental health on behavioral synchrony and suggest that higher maternal anxiety symptoms during the postnatal period may play an adaptive role in fostering more dynamic parent-child interactions.
How do Socioeconomic Attainment Gaps in Early Mathematical Ability Arise?
Authors: James-Brabham Ella , Loveridge Toni , Sella Francesco , Wakeling Paul , Carroll Daniel J. , Blakey Emma
Published: December 2021

The socioeconomic attainment gap in mathematical ability is evident before children begin school and widens over time. Little is known about why this early attainment gap emerges. Two studies were conducted in 3- and 4-year-olds, to explore four possible factors that may explain why attainment gaps arise: working memory, inhibitory control, verbal ability, and frequency of home mathematical activities (N = 304, 54% female from a range of ethnic backgrounds but predominantly White British [76%]). Inhibitory control and verbal ability emerged as indirect factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and early mathematical ability, but neither working memory nor home mathematical activities did. These studies provide important insights about how the early attainment gap in mathematical ability may arise.
The Accuracy of Canine vs Human Emotion Identification: Impact of Experience through Dog Ownership and Belief in Animal Mind
Authors: Hawkins Roxanne , Hatin Bianca , Révész Eszter
Published: December 2021

Humans are adept at extrapolating emotional information from the facial expressions of other humans but may have difficulties identifying emotions in dogs. This can increase risk for compromised dog and human welfare. Experience with dogs, and beliefs in animal minds, may influence interspecies emotional communication, yet limited research has investigated these variables. In this study, participants (n = 122 adults) were asked to identify human and dog emotional facial expressions (happiness, fearfulness, anger/aggression) through an online experimental emotion recognition task. Experience with dogs (through dog ownership and duration of current dog ownership), emotion attribution (through beliefs about animal mind), and demographics were also measured. Results showed that fear and happiness were more easily identified in human faces, whereas aggression was more easily identified in dog faces. Duration of current dog ownership, age, and gender identity did not relate to accuracy scores, but current dog owners were significantly better at identifying happiness in dog faces than non-dog owners. Dog ownership and duration of ownership related to increased beliefs about, and confidence in, the emotional ability of dogs. Additionally, belief in animal sentience was positively correlated with accuracy scores for identifying happiness in dogs. Overall, these exploratory findings show that adult humans, particularly current dog owners and those who believe in the emotionality of dogs, can accurately identify some basic emotions in dogs but may be more skilled at identifying positive than negative emotions. The findings have implications for preventing negative human-animal interactions through intervention strategies that target animal emotionality.
A double-edged sword: the role of prior knowledge in memory across the adult lifespan
Authors: Chen Xi , Varghese Leah , Jagust William
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of prior knowledge on memory across the adult lifespan, and specifically examines the effects of two material properties: congruency – whether the material is congruent with people’s prior knowledge, and ambiguity – whether the material is ambiguous to interpret based on prior knowledge. Method: A total of 273 participants (aged 22-70 years old) completed an incidental memory task online. Participants were shown pictures depicting an object in a scene and judged if the object was likely or unlikely to be in the particular scene. Later, in the recognition test, participants were asked to identify if the picture was presented earlier. The pictures were manipulated to have varying levels of congruency, meaning that some depicted likely object-scene pairs and some unlikely, and varying levels of ambiguity, meaning that some were more ambiguous to judge than others. Mixed effects logistic regressions examined the effect of age, age2, congruency/ambiguity, and their interactions on memory.Results: The object-scene pairs perceived as congruent had both higher hit rates and higher false alarm rates than incongruent ones, especially in middle-aged and older people. Higher ambiguity was also related to both greater true and false memory, independent of age. Finally, the effect of ambiguity only emerged when the pair was perceived incongruent. Discussion: The results suggest that knowledge improves recognition but also induces false memories, particularly in middle-aged and older people, suggesting a double-edged role in memory and its influence on memory aging.
Retrospective confidence judgements in general-knowledge questions: Magnetoencephalograhy correlates
Authors: Martín-Luengo Beatriz , Altukhov Dmitrii , Alexeeva Maria , Leminen Alina
Published: December 2021

Memory monitoring processes are online assessments of the quality of our retrieval. Despite their importance for cognition, few studies on episodic memory and perceptual discrimination studied their neural dynamics and reported diverse results. Also, research showed increased theta in correct lexical identifications, but its monitoring was not investigated. We used MEG to study the brain activity underpinning memory monitoring of retrospective confidence judgments. 29 participants answered multiple-choice general knowledge questions and rated the confidence of their choice, while MEG was recorded. Mixed-effect linear models in the averaged single-trial responses showed a marginal difference for high versus low confidence answers in left dorso-parietal and occipital sensors at 260-320 ms after the presentation of alternatives. Signal power analysis in the 400-800 ms time window showed differences in theta band for low versus high confidence hits and miss trials. However, no differences were found for high hits and misses, which may reflect that in terms of monitoring, both answers are equal for participants. These results support the findings of increased theta power for correct semantic identification extending them to the monitoring processes.
Vaccinating to protect others: The role of self-persuasion and empathy among young adults
Authors: Drążkowski Dariusz , Trepanowski Radosław , Fointiat Valerie
Published: December 2021

Direct persuasion (providing arguments) is usually a less effective influence technique than self-persuasion (self-creation of arguments). As most young adults are unafraid to contract COVID-19, self-persuasion focused on protecting the health of others may be an effective method of increasing vaccination rates in this population. Thus, empathy seems to be a crucial factor affecting vaccination intentions. We conducted two experiments using the theory of planned behavior. Study 1 (N = 366) compared the effectiveness of self-persuasion targeted at others' health versus personal health and direct persuasion in encouraging COVID-19 vaccination intention. Results indicate that among young adults, self-persuasion targeted at others' health (compared to other forms of persuasion) has an indirect effect on vaccination intention through utility and social norms beliefs. Moreover, as empathy increases, utility, social norms, and control beliefs increase, which is associated with a greater COVID-19 vaccination intention. Study 2 (N = 375) investigated the applicability of self-persuasion in health communication through a poster framed as an open-ended question. We found that the poster with self-persuasion targeted at others’ health, enhanced vaccination intention, compared with a direct persuasion poster. Together, our findings demonstrate the potential of self-persuasion targeted at others' health in increasing COVID-19 vaccination uptake among young adults.
Gallicagram : un outil de lexicométrie pour la recherche
Authors: de Courson Benoît , Azoulay Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Gallicagram est un outil de lexicométrie développé pour la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales. Il offre aux chercheurs un moyen de tester rigoureusement leurs hypothèses et de quantifier les effets observés en tirant profit de très vastes bases de données linguistiques, délimitées, accessibles et structurées. La maîtrise des corpus, l'accès aux documents exploités, le traitement distinct de la presse et des livres ainsi que les outils d'analyse intégrés au logiciel lui permettent d'échapper aux critiques portées contre Google Ngram Viewer, dont il s'inspire. Cet article présente le logiciel et illustre ses applications possibles, en particulier dans le champ de l'histoire contemporaine.
The Importance of Attention in the Twinkle Goes Effect
Authors: Corbett Joshua J
Published: December 2021

How do we perceive the location of moving objects? The position and motion literature is currently divided. Predictive accounts of object tracking propose that the position of moving objects is anticipated ahead of sensory signals, whilst non-predictive accounts claim that an anticipatory mechanism is not necessary. A novel illusion called the twinkle goes effect, describing a forward shift in the perceived final location of a moving object in the presence of dynamic noise, presents a novel opportunity to disambiguate these accounts. Across three experiments, we compared the predictions of predictive and non-predictive theories of object tracking by combining the twinkle goes paradigm with a multiple object tracking task. Specifically, we tested whether the size of the twinkle goes illusion would be smaller with greater attentional load (as entailed by the non-predictive, tracking continuation theory) or whether it would not be affected by attentional load (as entailed by predictive extrapolation theory). Our results failed to align with either of these theories of object localisation and tracking. Instead, we found evidence that the twinkle goes effect may be stronger with greater attentional load. We discuss whether this result may be a consequence of an essential, but previously unexplored relationship between the twinkle goes effect and representational momentum. In addition, this study was the first to reveal critical individual differences in the experience of the twinkle goes effect, and in the mislocalisation of moving objects. Together, our results continue to demonstrate the complexity of position and motion perception.
Trans abdominal Ultrasonography in Acute Pancreatitis: a cross sectional study
Authors: Gyawali Merina , Shrestha Ashish , Sharma Prakash , Shrestha Binod Bade , Bhattarai Subash
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause of acute pain abdomen. Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) of the abdomen is the imaging method of choice in acute pancreatitis. Ultrasonography can be used as the first, easily available imaging modality for the assessment of the pancreas. This study aims to study the transabdominal USG findings in patients with acute pancreatitis. It will also compare USG findings with CT findings in acute pancreatitis.

METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional, prospective study comprising of consecutive 55 patients with acute pancreatitis was conducted over a study period of 15 months. Trans abdominal USG findings and CECT abdominal findings in acute pancreatitis were studied and compared. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: Pancreas was visualized by USG in only 69%. Ultrasonography had some pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic findings in patients with acute pancreatitis in 84.2% of patients in whom the pancreas was visualized, whereas, it was 98.2% by CECT abdomen. USG was unable to demonstrate findings in 75% of patients with mild acute pancreatitis.

CONCLUSION: Transabdominal ultrasonography detection of pancreatitis was inferior to the CECT. It had a limited role in detecting mild acute pancreatic cases. Nonetheless, detection of etiological factor such as gallstones, and assessment of extra pancreatic fluid collection like ascites and pleural effusion were better visualised with ultrasound. USG is readily available, cheap, noninvasive, and can be utilized as an initial diagnostic tool for acute pancreatitis and ruling out other causes of acute abdomen.
Training and Development as Correlate of Effectiveness and Loyalty of Employees: A Case of Transmission Company of Nigeria
Authors: Olonade Zaccheaus Olufunminiyi , Omotoye Oluwatobi Oyewumi
Published: December 2021

The study aims to examine the impact of training and development on effectiveness and loyalty among workers of Transmission Company of Nigeria, Osogbo, Osun State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study collected data through a structured questionnaire which contained three sections for demographic variables, Employee Training and Development Scale, and Employees' Effectiveness and Loyalty Scale respectively. 80 respondents were selected through the use of random sampling techniques across the establishment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyses the data. The hypotheses were tested with Pearson Product Moment Correlation and regression analysis. Hypothesis one revealed a positive correlation between employee training & development and employees’ effectiveness. The result of the second hypothesis indicated a positive correlation between training & development and employees loyalty. The study recommended regular intensive training to achieve the company's objectives through staff effectiveness. Management should also focus on innovative developmental programmes and policies for employees to be more loyal.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Tempeh Protein Content during the Production Process
Authors: Arham Zul , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Anhusadar Laode , Ismaun Ismaun
Published: December 2021

Tempeh is a local Indonesian food that is liked by the community, both locally and internationally. The high protein content is the reason for choosing tempeh as a complementary food. In its production, tempeh is made by two important processes, including treatment and fermentation. During this process, the protein can be damaged, resulting in a decrease in the protein content of tempeh. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the reduction of tempeh protein content during the production process. The analysis used two spectroscopic methods, including FTIR and UV-Visible. FTIR spectroscopy was used to observe the reduction in total protein content, while UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to observe the reduction in dissolved protein content. The results of the study for FTIR analysis showed that at the pretreatment and fermentation stages, both caused a decrease in the total protein content of tempeh. This was observed with a decrease in the intensity of IR absorption at a wavenumber of 1745 cm-1 which is identical to the C=O group and 1543 cm-1 which is identical to the N-H group. Based on the results of the UV-Visible study, it shows that the fermentation time affects the amount of dissolved protein. This situation is supported by the increasing pH of tempeh and decreasing water content during fermentation.
The Intersectionality of Educating Black Students in Michigan: Public School Finance, Racial Segregation, and Housing Policy
Authors: Caldwell II Phillip , Richardson Jed T. , Smart Rajah E. , Polega Meaghan
Published: December 2021

This research applies critical race theory to investigate Michigan’s system for funding public schools, focusing on structural racism and discrimination embedded in education finance laws, housing policies, and residential and educational segregation. We find that the average Black student receiving free or reduced-price lunch (FRL) receives $411 less per pupil per year than the average White student receiving FRL and $783 less than the average White student who does not receive FRL. These disparities stem entirely from differences in locally sourced district revenues that are the result of vast differences in Black-White property wealth. On average, a one-percentage-point increase in a district’s proportion of Black students receiving FRL is associated with a $2,354 decrease in taxable value of property per pupil. Our analyses imply that a district enrolling 1,000 Black and FRL students would receive $1,364,000 less annually than an identically sized district with no Black or FRL students. This funding is sufficient to hire 21 additional teachers or to improve salaries, a proven method of improving the number and quality of applicants and retaining quality instructors. Through its continued reliance on local property taxation, the school finance system in Michigan is yet another example of how laws and policies reinforce structural racism and discrimination against Black students. Along with the research literature showing racism’s historical and continuing impacts on Black-White property wealth disparities, this study discerns a self-reinforcing system that relegates Blacks to a subordinate socioeconomic status regarding school finance, segregation and housing policy, and discrimination.
The Commemoration of Children in the Funerary Epigraphy of the Conventus Cluniensis (Hispania Citerior)
Authors: Fernández Corral Marta
Published: December 2021

This article examines the funerary inscriptions dedicated to children in the Roman period in the Conventus Cluniensis. The rate of infant mortality was high in this period but only a low percentage of inscriptions were dedicated to children. This underrepresentation of infant mortality has been analyzed from different perspectives, including the emotional attachment of the parents or archaeological funerary remains connected to non-adults. The aim of this article is to contextualize the epitaphs dedicated to children within the general analysis of funerary epigraphy, comparing the representation of children with other social groups and the use of Latin epigraphy in the provinces.
Determinação dos parâmetros radiográficos da silhueta cardíaca em cães de raças braquicefálicas clinicamente normais
Authors: Barboza Filho Edivaldo , Farias Jackson , Carneiro Rodrigo Rodrigo Lima , Babo Ana Manuella Souza de
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the value of ESR in dogs of clinically normal brachycephalic breeds in order to determine normality parameters for breeds with this characteristic. The Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) method measures heart size comparing thoracic vertebrae in order to help diagnose heart failure and cardiomegaly. Chest radiography has an importance in the medical clinic of small animals, providing information for the evaluation of intrathoracic organs, as well as the ability to assess the cardiac silhouette. The radiographs were evaluated as proposed by Buchanan & Bücheler (1995), measuring the cardiac silhouette and depth and width of the chest. The mean values obtained for ESR were 9.57 ± 059v, with the lowest measured value being 8.5v and the highest 10.5v. The specification found divergent values when compared to the authors' study. Thus, confirming the need to determine specific ESR values or races with characteristics of brachycephaly.
PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN SISTEM INFOMASI AKUNTANSI DALAM PEMBUATAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM
Authors: Husna Asmaul , Rikayana Hadli Lidya
Published: December 2021

Pulau Penyengat merupakan salah satu pulau yang memiliki objek wisata sejarah di Kota Tanjungpinang. Sebagai tempat destinasi wisata yang terkenal, masyarakat pulau ini tidak menyia-nyiakan peluang usaha untuk menompang perekonomian mereka. Meskipun banyak masyarakat yang melakukan wirausaha dalam bentuk UMKM, masih sedikit dari mereka yang melakukan pencatatan transaksi. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih minimnya pengetahuan mereka tentang pencatatan dan manfaat dari pencatatan tersebut. Apalagi penggunaan sistem informasi dalam membuat laporan keuangan berdasarkan SAK EMKM. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah: 1) Memberikan pemahaman tentang manfaat pencatatan bagi pelaku UMKM. 2) Memberikan edukasi tentang pencatatan transaksi berbasis teknologi informasi bagi pelaku UMKM. 3) Meningkatkan pengetahuan pelaku UMKM dalam mengembangkan sistem informasi akuntansi berbasis teknologi informasi. 4) Meningkatkan kecepatan menghasilkan laporan keuangan. 5) Menghasilkan pengusaha UMKM yang memahami pencatatan transakasi sederhana dan pengelolaan keuangan dari aktivitas bisnis yang dijalankan. Lokasi kegiatan pengabdian ini adala Pulau Penyengat. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini merupakan penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, diskusi pendekatan kemasyarakatan, survei dan wawancara sesuai dengan tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan. Hasil dari pengabdian ini adalah 1) Pelaku usaha belum membuat laporan keuangan sebagai pencatatan usaha mereka. 2) Masyarakat Penyengat sangat antusias dalam mengikuti Pelatihan Penggunaan Sistem Infomasi Akuntansi Dalam Pembuatan Laporan Keuangan UMKM. 3) Dengan adanya pengabdian ini mendorong pelaku UMKM membuat laporan keuangan sehingga dapat menggembangkan usahanya.
CERDAS BERPOLITIK: LITERASI MEDIA ANTI HOAX KELURAHAN DOMPAK KECAMATAN BUKIT BESTARI KOTA TANJUNGPINANG
Authors: Winarti Novi , Rachmawati Nanik , Putra Ardi
Published: December 2021

Saat ini hampir semua lapisan masyarakat menggunakan literasi media, khususnya media digital. Dengan partisipasi politik masyarakat Dompak yang tinggi, harus diselaraskan dengan pengetahuan dan kecerdasan penggunaan media. Oleh karena itu melalui kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini, dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap. Pertama, wawancara awal kepada Aparat Kelurahan Dompak. Tahap kedua yakni pemberian buku saku kepada masyarakat Kelurahan Dompak, melalui pihak Kelurahan. Ketiga, dilakukan pendampingan terhadap masyarakat.Respon masyarakat Kelurahan Dompak sangat positif dengan dibagikannya buku saku dan pendampingan yang dilaksanakan, sehingga masyarakat mampu melawan hoax di dalam politik dengan literasi media. Pada akhirnya, apa yang menjadi hal yang salah selama ini dalam melaksanakan proses demokratisasi, yakni adanya berita-berita
SOSIALISASI FORMULASI PENYESUAIAN TARIF DAN PENERAPANNYA BAGI PEMEGANG KUASA USAHA KETENAGALISTRIKAN (PKUK)
Authors: Mujahidin Muhammad , Kusasi Firmansyah
Published: December 2021

Listrik merupakan salah satu komoditi strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia karena selain digunakan secara luas oleh masyarakat terutama untuk keperluan penerangan, listrik juga merupakan salah satu sumber energi utama bagi sektor industri. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah menaruh perhatian yang cukup besar terhadap harga penjualan listrik kepada konsumen, mengingat perubahan harga. listrik akan mempunyai dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap kenaikan harga-harga umum, yang pada gilirannya akan berpengaruh juga terhadap perekonomian secara makro. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan tingkat harga penjualan listrik adalah biaya penyediaan tenaga listrik, pertumbuhan listrik di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan rasio elektrifikasi masih rendah atau masih banyak daerah yang belum mendapat aliran listrik maka perlu pendanaan yang cukup besar yang akan dipergunakan untuk mempertahankan suplai listrik di masyarakat dan menambah usaha melistriki daerah yang belum mendapatkan listrik, metodologi teknis yang diterapkan, mobilisasi & konsolidasi tim, penyusunan rencana kegiatan serta pengumpulan data referensi. Capaian/target, mengetahui komponen-komponen biaya yang mempengaruhi besaran tarif tenaga listrik, membuat suatu Kajian Formulasi Penyesuaian dan Penerapannya bagi Pemegang Kuasa Usaha Ketenagalistrikan. Hasil yang diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adalah tersusunnya kajian formulasi penyesuaian tarif dan penerapannya bagi PKUK, Manfaat kegiatan ini adalah sebagai acuan dalam menetapkan kebijakan tarif dan penerapannya bagi PKUK. Sedangkan dampak dari kegiatan ini adalah terselenggaranya usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik oleh PKUK, Sebagai tindak-lanjut terhadap Kerangka Acuan Kerja pekerjaan Kajian Formulasi Penyesuaian Tarif dan Penerapannya Bagi Pemegang Kuasa Usaha Ketenagalistrikan (PKUK) yang diselenggarakan oleh Departeman Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral c.q Direktorat Jenderal Listrik dan Pemanfaatan Energi.
ФЕНОМЕН ЛІДЕРСТВА В СИСТЕМІ СУЧАСНИХ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Шаманська ОЛЕНА , Бурлака Неля
Published: December 2021

In the article the phenomenon of leadership is investigated in modern system of pedagogical research. The article determines the essence and the value of such terms as: "leadership" and "leader" in the modern terms of social development. The basic component forming the social and pedagogical culture of leader: moral culture, legal cultures, professional culture, organizational culture, corporate culture, emotional culture and ecological culture. The large English-Ukrainian dictionary determines a leader as chairman; leader; commander; member of group, authority, power or plenary powers of that in one or a few spheres of activity and unreservedly confess by other members of small group. In modern condition of development, the phenomenon of leadership is original philosophy and art that is directed to the change of the surrounding world by a leader in accordance with the vision of his desirable condition. A modern leader uses his available potential and effectively influences his team. The authors determined the basic component of forming the effective system of training of the leader, such as: memory development, thinking, emotional intellect, creativity of personality, positive thinking and individual forming of ability for adaptive and flexible process of self-organization. It is demonstrated that the question of leadership is closely constrained with the phenomenon of vital personality values. At the same time the process of individual education of leaders and forming their potential needs begins from the development of their own social and pedagogical culture. The essence of leadership is a leader who can communicate with the team. Such individual has the strategic thinking, innovative vision, and also has a faith in itself and the team. At the same time, he is honest and open individual. The analysis showed that the question of leadership is closely constrained with the phenomenon of vital values of personality. Exactly in the system of education happens detection and development of student leader potential and forming their vital values.
Temporary values in the paradigm of modernization of civil legislation.
Authors: Makovii Viktor
Published: December 2021

The article contains a study of the place of temporal quantities in the concept of updating the Civil Code of Ukraine in view of their legal nature, place and importance in the structure of the mechanism of legal regulation of civil relations. It is emphasized that time values play a decisive role in the legal regulation of public relations, which is the subject of civil law, as an integral part of the mechanism of their legal regulation, which provides temporal boundaries of certain civil rights and relevant civil obligations. It is noted that the proposed model of updating civil legislation partially reproduces the ways and means to introduce temporal elements into the structure of the mechanism of legal regulation of civil relations in view of the relevant legal institution. In fact, considerations have been proposed to improve the provisions of this concept both in terms of general provisions on terms and deadlines under the Civil Code of Ukraine, and within individual legal institutions. In particular, it is proposed to: standardize the nature of the statute of limitations in accordance with international experience and the essence of this category; to determine the peculiarities of the course of this type of term (beginning, end, grounds for interruption and suspension); taking into account the experience of European legislation to single out the statute of limitations as a kind of socio-legal category of a complex nature in the field of application, where to normalize its varieties and the ratio of the latter; to streamline the normative basis of the acquisitive prescription, where, taking into account the experience of judicial practice and the legislation of other countries, to ensure the full realization of the purpose of its introduction into the domestic legal field. With regard to the special provisions of civil law in terms of temporal values, there are proposals that should ensure the implementation of the above purpose of time, as a socio-legal category that will be the subject of further research. In particular, attention is paid to the prospect of improving the place of time values in the mechanism of legal regulation of personal non-property rights of individuals and legal entities, hereditary relations, where these legal categories should ensure the stability of civil turnover and create an optimal model of legal protection of rights and legitimate interests of participants.
Paradigm of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning.
Authors: Bohatyryov Ivan , Bohatyryov Andriy
Published: December 2021

The article considers the paradigm of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning. The scientific positions of domestic and foreign researchers on the concept of penitentiary system are given. Thanks to a study of the genesis of the paradigm of the functioning of the penitentiary system, four main historical periods have been identified. It has been proved that it is time to transform the criminal-executive system of Ukraine into a penitentiary system. Ways of such transformation are considered. It is stated that the penitentiary system of Ukraine, as an independent sphere of scientific thought and practical activity, dates back to 1991, with Ukraine gaining its independence. By this time, it was located and developed for many centuries in various state institutions. In particular, such as; NKVS of the USSR, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Internal Affairs, State Department for the Execution of Sentences, State Penitentiary Service. Currently, the penitentiary system is subordinate to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It was noted that at the present stage, the requirements for the scientific validity of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning are increasing by transforming its criminal-executive system into a penitentiary one. This is also confirmed not only by theoretically domestic scientists of penitentiaries, but also by the legislative, by the development of the draft Law of Ukraine «On the penitentiary system of Ukraine». There is also an objective need to develop and implement fundamentally new or radically modernized approaches to the functioning of the penitentiary system of Ukraine. The article proved that the negative factor in the development of science is the absence of publications in which the theoretical results of evolution in the field of the «Penitentiary System of Ukraine» would be completely displayed in the form of a terminological hierarchy. The need to establish a rigid terminology system is an integral part of the paradigm of the functioning of the prison system in Ukraine. That is why the definition of the «paradigm of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning» remains very relevant. Based on centuries of theoretical and practical experience, it follows that the modern understanding of the paradigm of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning was formed under the influence of domestic scientists in the field of criminal and criminal-executive enforcement law, incorporating all their best achievements. Thus, the paradigm of the penitentiary system of Ukraine functioning is a scientific classical technology that provides a theoretical, practical and methodological understanding of the penitentiary system as a state body with organizational power to implement state policy in the field of execution of sentences and probation.
Amending the Fundamental Law of Ukraine and constitutions of some post-soviet countries: comparative and legal aspect.
Authors: Boniak Valentyna , Tren Tetyana
Published: December 2021

The authors have aimed to clarify the common and distinctive features in the constitutional regulation of the procedure for amending the constitutions of Ukraine and some post-Soviet counries. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of the constitutions of Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Georgia, the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, common and distinctive features of the constitutional regulation of amendments to them have been identified according to the following criteria: 1) initiators of amendments to the Constitution; 2) forms of citizen participation in the process of amending the Fundamental Law; 3) bodies authorized to exercise control over the constitutionality of amendments to the Constitution; 4) issues on which amendments to the Constitution are not allowed, and conditions under which such amendments are prohibited; 5) bodies (entities) that have the right to make decisions on amendments to the Fundamental Law. It has been proved that the constitutional process (in the narrow sense) is an integral part of the legislative process, has the full name «legislative constitutional process» and consists of a system of successive stages (actions). There is the author's definition of the term «legislative constitutional process». It is a legally significant activity of the Ukrainian people and the Parliament of the state determined by national rules, which is a system of interconnected successive stages aimed at regulating public relations to change, abolish or create legal rules objectified in the Fundamental Law of the state. « It is proved that this aspect of the legislative constitutional process is generally regulated at the level of the Constitution of Ukraine and legislative acts. At the same time, modern European integration processes and the development of the state as a democratic and legal one require the improvement of this procedure, in particular in terms of wider involvement of civil society actors in this process. There is the authors’ suggestion to amend Art. 69 and 157 of the Constitution of Ukraine.
Рeculiarities of legal regulation of tax authorities of public authorities in Ukraine.
Authors: Sydorova Elvira
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the features of the characteristics of public authorities as subjects of tax relations in Ukraine. It is emphasized that legal personality as a legal nature determines the elemental composition of the tax legal personality of the state and necessarily has three elements - its legal capacity, legal capacity and tort. The latter is a necessary component of the tax legal personality of the state. Taxpayers also have the right to demand from the state certain behavior and apply to the competent authorities (European Court of Human Rights) to apply to the state tax liability measures together with the renewal of their fundamental rights and legitimate interests guaranteed by the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The study identified the relationship between such concepts as «mechanism of the state» and «state apparatus». The consistent transition from the general to the individual allowed to reveal the internal organizational structure of the system of public authorities as holders of tax powers and to outline the various grounds for their classification. This made it possible to distinguish in this system groups of bodies (a) of general competence, (b) special competence with part of the functions in the field of taxation, (c) special tax competence. The special position of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the tax sphere is also emphasized and the general tendency to a gradual increase in the scope of tax powers of representative bodies of local self-government is revealed. A distinction was made from related concepts in the field of public law regulation - legal personality, subject matter, jurisdiction, management functions. The tax competence of public authorities becomes a specific manifestation of the category of «competence» as a public law phenomenon, being a mandatory attribute of the tax legal personality of public authorities. In terms of content, tax competence consists of a set of legally established powers of the power entity, which act as functional levers of its actions in the plane of the subject of jurisdiction entrusted to it by the state in accordance with the objectives of tax regulation in the field of taxation. The tax powers of public authorities under these conditions are the specific content of the tax competence of the latter.
Subject matter, content and structure of the right to freedom and personal inviolability: problem aspects.
Authors: Lazareva Daria
Published: December 2021

The scientific article draws attention to the subject of the right to liberty and security of person and its place in the science of legal law. The content of this right in terms of its components is also studied. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the right to liberty and security of person, namely: the division into two independent structural elements: the right to liberty and the right to personal integrity. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is studied through the prism of guarantees of the right to liberty and security of person contained in Art. 5 of the Convention. Freedom and personal inviolability are personal human rights, which in the theory of legal and philosophical thought are defined as natural rights that belong from birth and, according to the generally accepted classification, belong to the first generation of (civil and political) human rights. The right to liberty and security of person is a fundamental right of every person and citizen, inalienable and personal, and belongs to the list of natural rights and is perceived by civil society through the prism of the theory of natural law, which has existed for several centuries. The article forms a certain position on the approach to the study of the right to liberty and security of person, its structural elements, it is important to follow a systematic approach, to consider this right as a set of interrelated elements on the principles of integrity, structure, plurality and equality. «Freedom» and «personal inviolability», which in close cooperation form a single complex. These categories should be considered the subject of the right to personal inviolability in the narrow sense, but the freedom of the individual from unlawful encroachment on property, honor, dignity, from unauthorized interference in private and family life is the subject of the right in the broadest sense.
Zarys dziejów kancelarii prepozytury kłobuckiej kanoników regularnych do końca XV wieku. Przyczynek do badań nad kulturą klasztorną w średniowiecznej Polsce
Authors: Łatak Kazimierz
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest pierwszą próbą opisu kancelarii – organizacji i aktywności – pre­pozytury kanoników regularnych laterańskich w Kłobucku w pierwszym półwieczu jej istnienia. Aktywność kancelarii prepozytury ufundowanej w 1454 r. z inicjatywy Jana Długosza historyka jest w źródłach poświadczona od 1461 r., aczkolwiek najstarszy z zachowanych dokumentów przez nią sporządzony pochodzi dopiero z 23 kwietnia 1466 r. Kancelaria sporządzała dokumenty wystawiane przez prepozyta oraz przez kapitułę prepozytury, ale świadczyła również usługi na rzecz interesantów zewnętrznych. Do naszych czasów zachowało się dziewięć dokumentów zredagowanych przez kancelarię klasz­torną do 1500 r. One też stanowią zasadniczą podstawę źródłową artykułu. Dla ogólnopolskich badań nad systemami kancelaryjnymi i nad dokumentem średniowiecznym nie mają one przełomowego znaczenia, ale są istotne dla studiów regionalnych. Stanowią ważny przyczynek do studiów nad kulturotwórczą i cywilizacyjną rolą prepozytury kłobuckiej, która w tamtym czasie była ważnym ośrodkiem kościelnym na pograniczu małopolsko-wielkopolsko-śląskim.
Ofiarność duchowieństwa i składki kościelne (parafialne) na rzecz związku Caritas diecezji tarnowskiej w latach 1939-1945
Authors: Gapys Jerzy
Published: December 2021

Po początkowej destabilizacji akcji ofiarności Kościoła w diecezji tarnowskiej (subwencje kurii, osobiste datki księży i ofiary wiernych z parafii) na rzecz Caritas (głównie centrali) od 1942 r. obserwuje się wyraźny wzrost datków na tarnowską Caritas. Najszersze rozmiary przybrała akcja ofiar parafialnych (gotówka, naturalia) na centralę Caritas. W latach 1942-1944 na cele społeczne gotówkę i naturalia przekazywało ok. 30 parafii (ok. 30%), które znajdowały się na terenie 15 dekanatów (52%). Ogółem przekazano 351 445 zł, głównie z parafii w środkowym i zachodnim pasie diecezji tarnowskiej. Ofiarność du­chownych z osobistych dochodów (iura stolae) kulminację osiągnęła w 1944 r., kiedy to ponad 480 księży (wobec 88 w 1940 r.) przekazało Caritasowi ponad 320 tys. zł. Wsparcie finansowe i rzeczowe, jak i datki wiernych na rzecz oddziałów parafialnych Caritas nie przybrały charakteru powszechnego, obserwowano raczej odosobnione przypadki na terenie diecezji tarnowskiej. Lokalnie jednak środki te były podstawą budżetu oddziałów, stanowiąc niekiedy nawet ¾ jego dochodów. Subwencje kurii tarnowskiej, dzięki polityce finansowej bp Komara, stanowiły najpoważniejszą pozycję w budżecie Caritas. Do 1944 r. kuria przekazała 2 472 000 zł. Było to prawie 60% ogółu przychodów Związku, ponad 78% zaś wszystkich ofiar ze strony Kościoła na stowarzyszenie.
Combining Legal and Economic Theory. An Interdisciplinary Approach to Dutch and Polish Family Provisions in Succession Law
Authors: Beuker Mark
Published: December 2021

Although testamentary freedom is an important principle in succession law, legislators and judges across the world have recognized the importance of certain family members by granting them mandatory claims in the inheritance of their deceased relative (in spite of wishes of the deceased). This article focuses on these rights. The goal is to introduce the Dutch framework of imperative succession law and to demonstrate the possibilities of combining the legal and economic discipline to deepen knowledge on these provisions. Whilst examples will focus upon succession law, the concepts will be described in a general manner. This might inspire researchers to apply a similar interdisciplinary approach in other fields of law. The imperative provisions that currently exist for family members in the Netherlands can be divided into two types of claims. The first is the legitime, a fixed claim for children of the deceased. The second type are the other statutory entitlements that cover a specified range of situations in which judges have freedom in deciding upon the requests of family members. However, this discretion raises many questions on the way judges should handle such claims. A combination of law and economics can aid in describing and interpreting the law, for example by defining the need for support that is often required for a successful claim. By relying on economic data and theory, judges can come to a more consistent and substantiated way of establishing the need for support. The interdisciplinary methodology can also improve comparative legal research. The functional approach that is common in comparative legal research, assumes that law fulfills certain functions. Economic figures provide an objective basis that demonstrates what functions a law fulfills and to what extent this is done efficiently. This information can be used to compare the functioning of laws in different countries.