bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Paediatric Iron Deficiency Assessment with Reticulocyte Haemoglobin Equivalent (Ret-He) in Comparison with Biochemical Markers of Serum Ferritin and Transferrin Saturation
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Yusof Nurasyikin
Published: December 2021

Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a challenge as the conventional methods often diagnose the disease at the later stage. Haemoglobin content of reticulocytes is useful to identify IDA at earlier stage. The objective of this study was to evaluate reticulocyte-haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) in diagnosing IDA in children and to compare it with other conventional methods. This prospective study was conducted on 120 paediatric patients aged 12 years and below, who attended Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru, Malaysia with haemoglobin <12 g/dL. Ret-He and serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation were measured. Using a cut-off point of 20% for transferrin saturation, 81 out of 120 subjects (67.5%) were found as iron deficient. Based on the diagnosis of IDA, cut-off value for Ret-He using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was found as 22.65 pg. Ret-He showed a good sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 66.7%, respectively. As compared with Ret-He, serum ferritin showed a sensitivity of only 18.9%. However, a good specificity of 100% suggest it is useful for ruling in the disease but not suitable for screening. Transferrin saturation showed a good sensitivity and specificity, but it is biologically variable and not cost effective as a screening tool. Correlation study showed serum iron and transferrin saturation have significant positive correlation with Ret-He (r=0.415 to 0.518). However, there was no correlation between Ret-He and serum ferritin (r=0.051, p=0.578). This study shows that Ret-He at a cut-off point of 22.65 pg has a better sensitivity and potentially be useful as a screening tool in the paediatric population.
Correlation of Corneal Thickness Measurements Between Tono-pachymeter and Scheimpflug- Placido Topography
Authors:   Hitit University Corum Education and Training Hospital, 19000, Corum, Turkey, Ercan Zeynep Eylül
Published: December 2021

Central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements are important for diagnosis, treatment, and surgery planning in ophthalmology. The purpose of this study was to see whether CCT measurements taken with Tono-pachymeter and Scheimpflug- Placido Topography had any significant differences. Tono-pachymeter and topography CCT measurements were taken (n=400). Inter-measurement agreement between them was determined using Bland-Altman Plot analysis. Age groups were also formed as group 1 (aged 18-50 years, 94 males, 106 females) and group 2 (age >51 years, 100 males, 100 females). Mean CCTs measured by Tonopachymeter and topography were 563.77 +±26.43 and 560.88 + 26.341 microns. Bland-Altman Plot analysis showed in total, 13 were above the upper limit and 5 were under the minimum limit of agreement with regression analysis showing no significant relationships (p=0.213). Group 1 had 7 above and 2 below from the limits of agreement. Group two had 9 above and 2 below from the limits of agreement. Both groups showed insignificant differences between devices (p=0.07 and p=0.86). Tono-pachymeter and Scheimpflug-Placido Topography give reliable CCT results within each other. However, since the limit of agreement ranges can still affect one-to-one patient evaluations, we recommend clinics that use these devices to not interchange measurements in practice.
The Usability and Feasibility of DailyCalm Application in Reducing Stress among Adolescents During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Muhammad Noor Azimah
Published: December 2021

Stress is common among adolescents that impairs their well-being. This study aimed at determining the usability and feasibility of a newly developed mobile apps, DailyCalm in reducing stress among secondary school students in Kedah. They were recruited via convenience sampling using social media in August 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic. An access link was provided to download the DailyCalm apps that contained videos teaching on breathing and relaxation techniques. Students were encouraged to use the apps thrice a week. Students responded to an online form that measured stress level using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at baseline and four weeks later and perception on the usability and feasibility of the apps after four weeks of use. Among the 80 students aged 13 to 17 years who completed the study, 83.8% of them were having moderate to high level of stress. The students rated the apps as moderately usable with mean of 39.91 (SD = 6.12) and highly feasible with mean of 41.74 (SD = 6.99). However, there was no significant reduction in PSS score after 4 weeks of use [mean of 18.10 (SD =5.15) at baseline and mean of 17.44 (SD =5.06) at post-intervention; p-value = 0.19]. In conclusion, DailyCalm was viewed as moderately usable and highly feasible, yet its use over 4 weeks did not show a significant reduction in the stress level experienced by the students. The DailyCalm app has the potential to be used as a stress management application but needs further improvement for an effective use.
Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Scale for the assessment of disability level in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: linguocultural ratification in Russia
Authors: Arestova А. S. , Melnik Е. А. , Zaytsev A. B. , Zimin A. A. , Yakubu А. , Sherbakova E. S. , Yusupova D. G. , Grishina D. A. , Suponeva N. A. , Piradov M. A.
Published: December 2021

Background. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a treatable dysimmune polyneuropathy. An objective response for pathogenic therapy is essential in diagnosis and management of CIDP. For proper assessment of patient’s complaints and evaluation of disease progression, it is recommended to use validated scales and questionnaires. The paper presents the results of the first step of Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) validation in patients with CIDP.Objective: the development of the Russian version of the INCAT scale and its linguocultural ratification.Materials and methods. 15 patients with definite CIDP (according to EFNS/PNS criteria) were enrolled. Linguocultural ratification was conducted according to the standard protocol.Results. The Russian version of the INCAT scale was developed.Conclusion. We conducted the first stage of INCAT scale validation in patients with CIDP.
Therapeutic apheresis in the complex pathogenetic therapy of anti-NMDA encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma at a late stage of the disease
Authors: Bardakov S. N. , Skulyabin D. I. , Moshnikova A. N. , Lapin S. V. , Sokolov A. A. , Kondratyeva E. A. , Bulgakova T. V. , Manuilov A. S. , Zakharov M. V. , Belskikh A. N. , Tsargush V. A. , Deev R. V.
Published: December 2021

Anti‑NMDA encephalitis is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by the synthesis of autoantibodies to the NR1/NR2 subunits of the NMDA receptor, characterized by the development of acute mental, cognitive, motor, autonomic disorders, epileptic syndrome and central hypoventilation.The article presents a three‑year observation of patient 34 years old with anti‑NMDA ncephalitis associated with late‑ stage ovarian teratoma, accompanied by an increase titer of antibodies to NMDA receptors in serum to 1:640.Based on a detailed analysis of clinical, neurological, neuropsychological (MMSE, MoСA, FAB, 10 words test A.R. Luria) and laboratory‑instrumental characteristics of the disease (titer anti‑NMDA, level of IgG, IgM, IgA, lymphocyte subpopulations, EEG, MRI of the brain, pelvis) suggested a combination scheme of first and second line therapy. The sequential use of two cycles of medium‑volume membrane plasmapheresis (25–30 % of the circulating plasma volume, No. 5 + 5) was carried out in combination with pulse therapy with methylprednisolone 1.0 (No. 4 + 3) and cyclophasphamide 1.0 (No. 2 + 1) on background of persistent ovarian teratoma. Symptom regression was achieved by the end of the first cycle, and full recovery to the initial level of cognitive functions occurred after the second cycle, while maintaining the anti‑NMDA antibody titer to 1:160. After removal of ovarian teratoma, the level of anti‑NMDA decreased in a month to 1:40, and after 7 months it reached normal values (<1:10) against the background of basic pill therapy with methotrexate 12.5 mg/week.Thus, a rational combination and sequence of first and second line therapy and therapeutic apheresis, taking into account the pathogenetic features of each phase of the disease, can quickly achieve complete stable remission in patient with anti‑NMDA encephalitis.
SPATIAL FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING OF THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT NETWORK IN WESTERN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Puhach S. , Mezentsev К. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: December 2021

In terms of the development level, the total length of communication lines, the volume of passengers and cargo transportation, railway transport plays an important role in the economy of Western Ukraine. It was born in the 70s of the XIX century. It went through the stages of rapid extensive development, maturity and intensive development. Today, the railways are experiencing a renaissance in many countries of the world. Ukraine is still at the beginning of this stage. Drawing up socio-economic growth projects, it is impossible for a detailed analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of railway transport. Also, it is important to research the mutual influence of the railway transport network and the entire socio-economic system in general. The aim of the study is to determine the spatial features of the railway network of Western Ukraine, and the main task – based on open data OpenStreetMap, to analyze the availability of the railway network in the context of regions, districts and cities of regional subordination of Western Ukraine using the indicators the transport network density and the Engel’s coefficient. Due to the difficulty of accessing official statistics at the local level, both official statistics and open data from the OpenStreetMap mapping service were used. As a result of the research, it was revealed that Lviv region is distinguished by the level of the railway network development in the region; the highest concentration of the network is observed near regional centers, especially around the regional center of Lviv; high concentration of railways is near large transport railway junctions (Kovel, Zdolbuniv, Dubno, Sarny, Stryi, Khodoriv, Korolevo, Delyatyn); increased concentration along the western state border; increased concentration in the Precarpathians, as an area of old industrial development; reduced concentration in the Ukrainian Carpathians (the influence of the relief) and in the north of the region (historical and geographical factors); 19 administrative-territorial units of the second level do not have railways on their territory. In general, at the local level (districts, cities of regional subordination) the same patterns can be observed as at the regional level (regions).
SPATIAL RESOURCE OF THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF CHERNIVTSI: CHRONOLOGICAL AND CHORAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Yutiy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Zaiachuk M. , Zaiachuk O. ,   Yutiy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Zaiachuk A. ,   Ivan Franko Lviv National University
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is to analyze the spatial resource of the territory of the suburbanization zone of the city of Chernivtsi. In the article, the dynamics of changes in the population of the urban residents of Chernivtsi region was analyzed. The indicator of the voltage of the demographic impact field was calculated and was found that as a result of active urbanization zone was formed, for each settlement of which there is a large, medium or low demographic voltage. The power of influence depends primarily on the population in the city because the larger is the number of residents, the greater will be the zone of its influence, which is considered as a vector, directed from the center of the city. Outside the designated suburbanization zone the voltage of demographic influence does not disappear, although with the decreasing of the distance from the city of Chernivtsi to an interval of approximately 50-55 km it is heading to zero. The cartographic model of the field of the demographic voltage of the city of Chernivtsi has been developed, where the boundaries of the suburbanization zone are clearly distinguished. Since the 90s the suburban zone of the city of Chernivtsi has been characterized by active changes, and today it is heterogeneous with uneven development. The main trends of modern changes in the suburban zone of the city of Chernivtsi, factors and relations with the regional center were also revealed. The boundaries of formation of the Chernivtsi Amalgamated territorial community (hromada) on the basis of a pronounced mutual influence “city-village”, “village-city” have been confirmed. The historical change of compactness of the city of Chernivtsi for the period 1861- 2020 years was traced, where the analysis of calculated indices of the territory of Chernivtsi indicates the maximum compactness of the territory of Chernivtsi in 1861. With the further development of the city, the area of the territory increased and the shape of it gradually loses compactness. The rationality of the use of urban space is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the urban settlement because the time spent on moving the passenger and cargo flows is minimized, and the connections become closer and more intensive.
FEATURES DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Uliganets S. , Batychenko S. ,   National University of Food Technologies, Melnik L. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Sologub Yu. ,   National University of Food Technologies
Published: December 2021

In the modern world, gastronomic tourism is gaining popularity as an alternative to all the usual holidays. Gastronomic tourism is a type of tourism-related to acquaintance with the production, technology of preparation and tasting of national dishes and drinks, as well as with the culinary traditions of the peoples of the world. A gastronomic journey is a way of expressing a traveller’s understanding of a country. There are well-known gastronomic destinations in the world, including Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Belgium, Portugal, the United States (especially California in the Napa and Sonoma Valley), Brazil, Peru, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia, Chile, Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, Bali, China, or Singapore. Gastronomy tourists include the following categories: tourists who are tired of ordinary tourism; tourists who want to make a difference in their diet; gourmets; tourists whose work is related to cooking and eating; representatives of travel companies are interested in organizing their own gastronomy. The top 5 popular gourmet tours in the world are analyzed. Some popular destinations for tasty trips, namely, countries with specific national cuisine (Italy, France, Japan, China, Thailand); regions that are famous for their products (in France, for example, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Champagne, have become innovators in the wine industry); the most famous restaurants of the country that are famous for their cuisine, marked by Michelin stars and International ratings (in Italy – “La Pergola” (Rome), Japan – Koji (Tokyo), England – Fet Duck (Bray) and others); enterprises that have become world leaders in the production of various products (Swiss chocolate factory “Alprose”, German breweries “Ettal” and “Andeks”, Swiss cheese factory “Gruyere”). Top 10 countries by number of Michelin starred restaurants are highlighted. Current gastronomic tours abroad are characterized. The results of the Gastronomic Tourism Forum in Spain, which will positively influence the development of gastronomic tourism in the world, are analyzed.
Millimeter-wave band subsurface sounding module
Authors:   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Branch, Khokhlov Gennady I. , Denisiuk Roman N. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino Branch
Published: December 2021

Radio-wave devices are used for many environmental and material research tasks. These devices and the development of relatively simple and affordable quasi-optic radio wave receivers and transmitters of millimeter and terahertz bands are important for numerous applications. Results of the design of a terahertz-band quasioptical transmitter-receiver module are presented. The module is intended for the remote detection of various objects and for measuring the depolarized field components backscattered by various long objects hidden behind obstacles (building materials and/or everyday items that prevent visual contact with the objects). These may be interfaces between materials with different dielectric constants, fiber optic cables, electric cables, and otherobjects. Results of full-scale experimental testing of the module on the detection of electric cables buried under plater in the wall of a building are presented.
Characteristic form of dynamics equations of Cosserat medium
Authors:   MIREA-Russian Technological University, Bulychev George G.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we construct the characteristic form of the equations of dynamics of the Cosserat medium and the Cosserat pseudocontinuum for bounded bodies. The method of matrix transformations proposed by the author is used for construction and allows obtaining the necessary relations using identical transformations. The obtained equations are compared with those for a symmetrically elastic isotropic homogeneous body. A method is proposed for selecting the necessary equations for computational schemes at the internal and boundary points of the body. A sequence of operations is proposed for iterative calculations of stresses, particle velocities, moment stresses, and angular velocities of particles in a coupled model of the Cosserat medium.
Development of a mathematical model of functioning system communications spacecraft
Authors:   The Military Academy of Strategic Rocket Troops after Peter the Great, Zaytsev Mikhail А. , Korovin Alexander K. ,   The Military Academy of Strategic Rocket Troops after Peter the Great, Savilkin Sergey B. ,   Scientific Research Institute of System Analysis of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukhov Andrey V. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses a mathematical model of the functioning of communication spacecraft, using systems of differential equations for translational and rotational motion, as well as the process of distributing problems in a constellation of three satellites. The model is implemented by means of the python 3.6 language and the computational method library numpy1.19. A series of computational experiments was carried out in order to estimate the energy costs for the operation of grouping with various orbital parameters and external impact models. The presented results of the experiments suggest the possibility of increasing the life of spacecraft by improving the operating system.
New Paradigm and Parametry
Authors:   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Mishinsky Gennady V.
Published: December 2021

Currently, the ongoing paradigm change requires both opening up the main provisions formulated by T. Kuhn and their further development. The article formulates the signs of scientific revolutions and the necessary conditions for their implementation. The history of the new paradigm is given and the periodicity in its emergence is revealed. A conclusion is made about the need to create a new research direction - Parametry. Areas of research are indicated, which scientific results will lead to new scientific revolutions in the foreseeable future.
The Early Paleolithic Go Da Site and the Bifacial Lithic Industries of Southeast Asia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kandyba A. V. , Chekha A. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nguyen Gia Doi ,   Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Nguyen Khac Su ,   Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Gladyshev S. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

В статье рассматривается каменная индустрия стратифицированной стоянки Года в Центральном Вьетнаме и определяется ее место среди синхронных памятников раннего палеолита Восточной и Юго-Восточной Азии. Дается морфологический технико-типологический анализ каменного инвентаря, сделан вывод о его принадлежности к индустрии анкхе, объекты которой расположены в районе г. Анкхе (Вьетнам). Заготовками для изготовления нуклеусов и орудий служили гальки, изредка отщепы. Первичное расщепление было ориентировано на эксплуатацию простых галечных нуклеусов с естественной ударной площадкой, реже использовались радиальные ядрища. Установлено преобладание в орудийном наборе изделий типа пик, скребел различной модификации, рубящих орудий типа чопперов и чоппингов, зубчатых и выемчатых инструментов, а также определено наличие в этой индустрии двусторонне обработанных изделий — бифасов. Эти материалы образуют единую гомогенную индустрию, которая проявляет однообразие в первичном расщеплении, подготовке и оформлении маркерных изделий. На основе анализа стратиграфического разреза стоянки Года и абсолютной даты 806 ± 22 тыс. л.н., полученной по тектитам калий-аргоновым методом, сделано предположение о более древнем возрасте этого памятника по сравнению с другими датированными объектами индустрии анкхе. Ее происхождение, по-видимому, связано с конвергентным развитием Homo erectus с галечно-отщепной индустрией, который представляет первую волну миграции гоминин из Африки. Рассматривается возможность включения археологических материалов стоянки Года как части индустрии анкхе в обширную зону обитания древних гоминин со сходными технико-типологическими характеристиками каменных индустрий на рубеже нижнего и среднего плейстоцена на территории Юго-Восточной Азии.
Burial of a Hunnic Period Noblewoman at Karakabak, Mangystau, Kazakhstan
Authors:   Mangystau State Historical and Cultural Reserve, Astafyev A. E. , Bogdanov E. S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Статья продолжает серию публикаций, посвященных результатам раскопок на могильнике гуннского времени в урочище Каракабак (п-ов Мангышлак). Вводятся в научный оборот материалы погр. 11, где была захоронена девушка в костюме, имитирующем царское облачение. Реконструирован головной убор, который состоял из накидки, украшенной круглыми золотыми бляшками, и налобной повязки-диадемы из красного текстиля с бляхами-личинами. Центральная налобная бляха в подражание горгонейонам выполнена по эллинистическим образцам. Она дополняет серию подобных личин с территории Поволжья и Северного Причерноморья. Вырезанные из дерева височные бляхи-личины с обкладкой из золотой фольги не находят аналогий, но выполнены в архаической скифской традиции. Поясные и обувные пряжки не имели креплений к ремням и не использовались в быту. Золотая обкладка деревянной основы с тисненым геометрическим орнаментом по своим стилистическим и технологическим особенностям входит в круг древностей т.н. шиповского горизонта. Рамки пряжек выполнены в виде стилизованных хищных птиц с раскрытыми крыльями. Налобная бляха и детали обувных ремешков имеют аналоги на Алтынказгане. Вводимые в научный оборот материалы уникальны для Арало-Каспийского региона и являются еще одним доказательством тесных культурных связей с гуннским миром. Все детали костюма, скорее всего, были изготовлены в близлежащем ремесленном центре (Каракабакское городище) во второй половине V — первой половине VI в. для погребения представительницы кочевой элиты.
Archaeological Evidence of Migration from the Southern Taiga of Western Siberia to the Urals in the Early Middle Ages: The Vodennikovo-1 Cemetery
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Matveeva N. P. , Tretyakov E. A. ,   Tyumen State University, Zelenkov A. S. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: December 2021

Рассматриваются 15 погребений курганного могильника Воденниково-1, расположенного на севере Курганской обл. в среднем течении р. Исеть. Памятник интересен для изучения миграционных процессов раннего Средневековья. На основании широких аналогий в материалах синхронных памятников Урало-Сибирского региона комплекс датирован концом VII — VIII в. н.э. Большая часть одиночных и коллективных захоронений совершена по обряду ингумации в прямоугольных могильных ямах с северо-западной ориентировкой покойного, размещением керамики у изголовья, посудой с резной и накольчатой орнаментацией. Данные черты погребального обряда характерны для раннесредневековой бакальской культуры Тоболо-Ишимья и находят параллели среди материалов Перейминского и Усть-Суерского-1 могильников. Вместе с тем на памятнике встречены впускные погребения, а также захоронения в деревянных колодах и гробовищах, западная ориентировка умерших и установка сосудов рядом с могильными ямами. Новации отражают иную традицию, находящую параллели среди погребальных комплексов потчевашской культуры Ишимо-Иртышья, таких как Окунево III, Лихачевский, Викуловское кладбище. Кроме того, отмечены совместное залегание керамики потчевашского и бакальского типов, а также синкретичные кувшинные формы сосудов с мелкогребенчатой и желобчатой орнаментацией. На сегодня могильник Воден-никово-1 является самым западным памятником с материалами потчевашской культуры, позволяющим говорить о переселении части южно-таежного населения Ишимо-Иртышья на Урал.
Kainar: A Late 18th to Early 20th Century Ritual and Housing Complex in the Northern Ustyurt
Authors:   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Ministry of Education and Science, Committee of Science, Republic of Kazakhstan, Azhigali S. E. , Turganbayeva L. R. ,   Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Ministry of Education and Science, Committee of Science, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: December 2021

В статье впервые публикуются материалы исследования одного из выдающихся образцов казахских стационарных поселений североустюртской зоны (район Донызтау), отражающих важнейшие исторические процессы перехода кочевников-скотоводов к полуоседлости (середина XIX — начало ХХ в.) и вошедших в науку как «культово-жилищные комплексы» (КЖК). Исключительно репрезентативный памятник Кайнар рассмотрен как социокультурный феномен и целостный архитектурно-ландшафтный ансамбль. Освещены история изучения донызтауских КЖК и настоящего комплекса; предпосылки их генезиса, роль в этом религиозных подвижников на примере жизни и деятельности ишана Досжана Кашакулы. Публикация материалов сопровождается анализом основных частей комплекса (поселение, некрополь) и составляющих их элементов. Определены принципы архитектурно-пространственной организации КЖК: структурность, функциональность, непрерывность континуума в ландшафте и др. Выявлено архитектурно-планировочное решение поселения в целом и отдельно медресе с характерными узлами организации последнего; прослежены связи культовых зданий со среднеазиатскими, казахстанскими образцами. Предложены гипотетическая реконструкция культово-жилищного комплекса и интерпретация общественных залов в соответствии с их функциями. Определены роль некрополя в структуре КЖК, принципы его пространственной организации и развития, показана визуальная связь между отдельными его элементами. Рассмотрены виды и типы мемориальных памятников, средства их гармонизации, связь с архаическими представлениями, архитектурные и художественно-стилистические особенности, характер внешней информационно-декоративной обработки («текстуры») камнерезных сооружений. Показано историко-культурное значение комплекса Кайнар как памятника эпохи перехода к полуоседлости и утверждения ислама в степном регионе.
Tungus-Manchu Traditional Beliefs. Part 2: Zoomorphic Complex
Authors:   Russian Museum of Ethnography, Sem T. Y.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена зооморфному комплексу верований тунгусо-маньчжурских народов, который нашел проявление в мифологии, ритуальной практике, шаманизме, декоративно-прикладном искусстве. Эти верования рассмотрены в системе культуры как взаимосвязанная целостность. Типология зооморфного комплекса показала, что наиболее важными символами культуры тунгусо-маньчжурских народов являются образы змеедракона, оленя, медведя и тигра. Они раскрывают ментальные особенности традиционного мировоззрения и ритуалов, связанные с космогонией, культом предков, промысловым культом, лечебным и инициационным шаманскими комплексами. Семантика зооморфных образов определяется их местом в системе культуры, коммуникативным взаимодействием в различных областях верований, ритуалов и искусства. Сравнительный анализ позволил выявить как этнокультурные особенности, так и универсальные архетипические характеристики этих образов. Прослежена связь с древними верованиями региональных культур. Показано, что формирование зооморфного комплекса верований тунгусо-маньчжурских народов проходило в рамках восточно-азиатских традиций. Отмечено влияние культур древних китайцев, корейцев и чжурчжэней.
Urbanization of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Far East (20th to Early 21st Centuries)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaev V. V. , Oktyabrskaya I. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

В статье обобщены результаты исследований по истории формирования городского населения среди коренных народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Новизну исследования определяют комплексная характеристика процессов урбанизации, выделение ее этапов, темпов, причин и основных факторов. Исследование опирается на авторские полевые материалы, опубликованные данные социологических обследований и результаты Всесоюзных и Всероссийских переписей населения. Выделены три этапа урбанизации коренных народов макрорегиона. Рассмотрены факторы, механизмы и этапы процесса. Сделаны выводы о том, что для коренного населения Сибири и Дальнего Востока характерны: поздняя и интенсивная миграция в город в короткий исторический период, сопряженная с масштабной индустриализацией и в целом с переходом от традиционного к современному обществу; незавершенность урбанизации, связанная как с неразвитостью городской инфраструктуры, так и с сохранением сельского образа жизни части горожан. Особенностями формирования городского населения у коренных народов макрорегиона являются: асинхронность урбанизации, короткий период интенсивной урбанизации в 1960-1970-е гг., охватившей не все сообщества; ориентированность миграций аборигенов на ближайшие города и поселки городского типа; незавершенность урбанизации не только по качественным, но и количественным характеристикам; проблемность интеграции этнофоров в городское пространство. По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 г. совершили урбанизационный переход только пять коренных народов Сибири и Дальнего Востока: кереки, манси, нивхи, уйльта и шорцы. В настоящее время большинство коренных народов относятся к среднеурбанизированным сообществам. Самый низкий уровень урбанизации зафиксирован у сойотов, сибирских татар, теленгитов, тофаларов, тубаларов, челканцев, чулымцев и тувинцев-тоджинцев. Сделан вывод о том, что урбанизация в истории коренных народов — это сложный и противоречивый процесс; в современной Сибири он во многом определяет характер этнокультурных и этносоциальных трансформаций региональных полиэтничных сообществ.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE REGIONS
Authors: Mazilov E. A. , Shiplyuk V. S.
Published: December 2021

The article considers and systematizes the main factors influencing the process of diffusion and adoption of technologies and innovations, offers marketing methods to reduce the impact of barriers to the process of diffusion.
Efficacy and Usefulness of an Independent Public Earthquake Early Warning System: A Case Study—The Earthquake Network Initiative in Peru
Authors: Laure Fallou , Francesco Finazzi , Rémy Bossu
Published: December 2021

Public earthquake early warning (PEEW) systems are intended to reduce individual risk by warning people ahead of shaking and allowing them to take protective action. Yet very few studies have assessed their actual efficacy from a risk-reduction perspective. Moreover, according to these studies, a majority of people do not undertake safety actions when receiving the warning.

The spectrum of PEEW systems has expanded, with a greater diversity of actors (from citizens to private companies), increased independence from national authorities, and greater internationality. Beyond differences in warning and messaging strategies, systems’ characteristics may impact the way the public perceive, trust, understand, and respond to these warnings, which in turn will influence PEEW systems’ efficacy and perceived usefulness, enhancing the need for additional research.

We take the example of earthquake network, an independent, voluntary, community-based and free system that offers a PEEW service. Through a quantitative survey (n = 2625), we studied users’ perception and reaction to a warning sent related to an M 8.0 earthquake in Peru (where no national system existed). We observed that even though only a minority of users actually took protective action, the system was appreciated and perceived as useful by the majority because it enabled mental preparation before the shaking. We found evidence for a tolerance for perceived late, missed, and false alerts. However, because it is a voluntary and independent system, the social dimension of the warning was incomplete because only a fringe of the population benefited from the warning. Therefore, many users’ first reaction was to warn their relatives. We discuss the need for partnerships between PEEW operators and national authorities to guarantee universal access to the service and maximize PEEW system efficacy.
Transtensional Rupture within a Diffuse Plate Boundary Zone during the 2020 Mw 6.4 Puerto Rico Earthquake
Authors: Viltres Renier , Nobile Adriano , Vasyura-Bathke Hannes , Trippanera Daniele , Xu Wenbin , Jónsson Sigurjón
Published: December 2021

On 7 January 2020, an Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred in the northeastern Caribbean, a few kilometers offshore of the island of Puerto Rico. It was the mainshock of a complex seismic sequence, characterized by a large number of energetic earthquakes illuminating an east–west elongated area along the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico. Deformation fields constrained by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System data indicate that the coseismic movements affected only the western part of the island. To assess the mainshock’s source fault parameters, we combined the geodetically derived coseismic deformation with teleseismic waveforms using Bayesian inference. The results indicate a roughly east–west oriented fault, dipping northward and accommodating ∼1.4 m of transtensional motion. Besides, the determined location and orientation parameters suggest an offshore continuation of the recently mapped North Boquerón Bay–Punta Montalva fault in southwest Puerto Rico. This highlights the existence of unmapped faults with moderate-to-large earthquake potential within the Puerto Rico region.
Mogućnost aklimatizacije jesenske sovice na području Zadarske
županije
Authors: Kadoić Balaško Martina , Zlodi Monika , Bažok Renata
Published: December 2021

Jesenska sovica (Spodoptera frugiperda) značajan je polifagni štetnik iz porodice sovica. Potječe iz suptropskog i tropskog područja Amerike, gdje se smatra ekonomski važnim štetnikom na kultiviranim biljkama. Prvi je put, izvan američkog kontinenta, zabilježen u zapadnoj Africi početkom 2016. godine te se potom nastavio širiti prema Aziji i Australiji. Zbog velike mogućnosti migracije (odrasla sovica za vrijeme ljetnih mjeseci preleti do 2 000 km), ovaj štetnik bi se vrlo brzo mogao pojaviti i na području Mediterana. Uslijed klimatskih promjena i ekoloških zahtjeva jesenske sovice opravdana je sumnja da bi se ovaj štetnik mogao udomaćiti u Europi, ali i u Hrvatskoj. Na razvoj i širenje jesenske sovice najviše utječu temperature, oborine i dostupnost biljke domaćina. Cilj je rada prikazati biološke i ekološke osobine jesenske sovice, prikazati trenutni status u svijetu i utvrditi mogućnost aklimatizacije u području srednje Dalmacije (Zadar). S postaje Zadar prikupljeni su meteorološki podaci za razdoblje od 2010. do 2020. godine. Pogodnost područja određena je na temelju izračuna sume efektivnih temperatura potrebnih za razvoj jedne generacije (termalni prag 10,9 °C, suma 559 °C srednjih dnevnih temperatura iznad praga i mjesečna količina oborina ispod 100 mm). Provedena analiza meteoroloških podataka i njihova usporedba sa zahtjevima štetnika pokazala je da aklimatizacija štetnika nije moguća, ali da zbog povoljnih uvjeta u proljetnom i ljetnom periodu postoji opasnost od sezonskih migracija jesenske sovice na područje Zadarske županije.
Štete od bakrenastoga krasnika (Coleoptera, Buprestidae:
Perotis lugubris fabricius 1777) i
mogućnosti suzbijanja entomopatogenom gljivom
Authors: Validžić Tihomir , Šimala Mladen , Sarajlić Ankica , Varga Mirela , Raspudić Emilija , Majić Ivana
Published: December 2021

U radu su navedeni lokaliteti prvih nalaza bakrenastoga krasnika Perotis lugubris u nasadima šljive, višnje i lijeske na području istočne Slavonije i štete koje uzrokuje. Opisane su osnovne morfološke karakteristike. U laboratorijskom pokusu ispitana je učinkovitost biološkog insekticida na bazi entomopatogene gljive Beauveria bassiana protiv odraslih stadija bakrenastoga krasnika. Prema morfološkim značajkama utvrđeno je da bakrenasti krasnik pripada podvrsti P. lugubris lugubris, no potrebna su detaljnija morfometrijska istraživanja kako bi se potvrdio ovaj nalaz. Kritična brojnost bakrenastoga krasnika nije do sada istražena, no u našem istraživanju četiri imaga po sadnici načinila su 100%-tnu štetu na pupovima mladih sadnica koštićavog voća. Bakrenasti krasnik osjetljiv je na entomopatogenu gljivu B. bassiana s obzirom na to da je nakon jednog tretmana kukaca biološkim sredstvom utvrđen mortalitet kod 60% jedinki. Od 5 do 7 dana nakon tretmana na uginulim jedinkama zamijećena je pojava micelija B. bassiana što je važno za potencijal horizontalne transmisije gljive na nove
domaćine kukce.
A recompilación de música e baile de tradición oral en Galicia: as recollidas
Authors: López Fernández Carme
Published: December 2021

Este artigo versa sobre un proceso de recompilación de músicas e bailes de tradición oral que se deu en Galicia, especialmente durante a década dos 90 e que se popularizou baixo o nome de recollidas. A súa relevancia ven dada polo gran número de persoas implicadas e a influencia que tivo na conformación actual da música e baile tradicional galegos. Ademais, o escaso tratamento e conexión das recollidas co campo científico-académico supón un baleiro moi propicio sobre o que investigar. Relacionado coa escaseza de publicacións, abordamos esta investigación coa entrevista como método fundamental para a achega de información, traballando para isto con diferentes persoas do sector da música e baile tradicional que tiveran participado en recollidas durante a década dos 90. Neste texto recollemos, a través das vivencias destes profesionais, un relato no que se define, marcan os obxectivos, describe o proceso máis resultados deste fenómeno de recompilación. Ademais, tamén abordamos algunhas das influencias que estes traballos de investigación tiveron na propia tradición. Por último, tamén valoramos a importancia destas compilacións e a gran posibilidade para o futuro, tendo en conta a existencia dunha gran cantidade de material aínda sen catalogar e analizar.
Una producción audiovisual publicitaria como recurso didáctico en el área de expresión musical
Authors: Dragone Acevedo Jorgelina Noelia , Rosa-Napal Francisco César
Published: December 2021

La música tiene una presencia destacada en los medios audiovisuales, por lo que permite, a través de sus diferentes elementos constitutivos, diseñar actividades en las que confluyan diferentes áreas de conocimiento. En este caso, se presenta una propuesta didáctica en la que la música y la imagen serán los principales vehículos. Por otra parte, y debido a que la competencia digital es actualmente imprescindible en la mayoría de las actividades humanas, se hace necesario su dominio desde todos los niveles educativos y en cada una de las áreas de conocimiento. Teniendo en cuenta estos principios, esta propuesta tiene como propósito general implicar —de manera interdisciplinar— al alumnado de Educación Secundaria en un proyecto creativo articulado por las diferentes fases de una realización audiovisual, tomando como referencia todos los factores y roles individuales o colectivos que intervienen en una producción profesional. Las actividades se desarrollarán empleando diferentes aplicaciones informáticas, propias de la expresión musical, así como del tratamiento de la imagen y el sonido, contando también con las posibilidades que se asumen por los propios centros educativos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia, como puede ser el trabajo con blogs y con las líneas de tiempo. Como reflexión final, se ha analizado la limitación impuesta por la situación sanitaria que estuvo presente en el momento del diseño de las actividades en cuanto a la posibilidad de combinar las metodologías planteadas desde las modalidades online o presencial.
Advantages of “Soft Steroids” in the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases. Оverview
Authors: Maychuk D. Yu. , Tarkhanova A. A.
Published: December 2021

The purpose to assess the benefits of using soft steroids in the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders according to literature data.

Methods. The literature review concerning the administration of the gluco-corticosteroids and combination drugs based on gluco-corticosteroid for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. Both Russian and foreign sources for the 1980–2021 period were analyzed.

The results. The combination drugs containing anti-infective drugs and gluco-corticosteroids are actively applied for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. That exerts joint ethiopathogenetic effect on the disorder. However, gluco-corticosteroid being a part of such drugs (predominantly dexamethasone) as often as not leads to ocular hypertension. In order to deal with this problem the so-called soft steroids (also classified as gluco-corticosteroids) were introduced. They lessen the possibility of the ocular hypertension and are marked by high efficiency and increased safety profile. One of the representatives of soft steroids is fluorometholone. There is a large evidential base in the modern literature that confirms much lesser influence of fluorometholone on ocular pressure if compared to dexamethasone. At the same time, dexamethasone has a higher anti-inflammatory activity, while on the other hand, its systemic immunosuppressive activity is lower. What is more, in terms of influence on the ocular surfaces, dexamethasone has an additional advantage which is causing mucin expression in conjuctival and corneal epithelium. The above mentioned merits of dexamethasone served as basis for its inclusion into the combination drug called Floas-T which is essentially the combination of tobramycin 0.3 % and fluorometholone 0.1 %. It is used in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases and diseases of eye appendages, as well as for profylaxis of the diseases in the postoperative period.

Conclusion. Combination drugs containing anti-infective components and gluco-corticosteroids seem to be highly promising for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. One of them worth highlighting is Floas-T classified as soft steroids containing tobramycin and fluorometholone. It compares to dexamethasone favourably in terms of efficiency, while contributing less to ocular hypertension.
Microperimetry in Children’s Practice
Authors: Khubieva R. R.
Published: December 2021

Child health is a global health priority. The program “Elimination of Eliminable Blindness in the World of Vision-2020” gives the fourth place to the problems of pediatric ophthalmopathology and creates targeted programs for their elimination. The introduction of modern equipment in the clinical practice of pediatric ophthalmologists has expanded the boundaries of traditional diagnostics. Microperimetry is an innovative, quantitative, non-invasive diagnostic study aimed at assessing the functional ability of the retina in strict correlation with morphology. Along with the assessment of light sensitivity, the device allows you to measure fixation parameters, which serves as a reliable criterion for its stability and indirectly reflects the functional organization of central vision. In this regard, the literature review presents the results of domestic and foreign researchers who used microperimetric testing as the main or additional research method for diseases of various etiologies, such as hereditary retinal diseases, amblyopia, and nystagmus. Most authors have demonstrated the high diagnostic significance of this method, the ability to assess photosensitivity of the retina, the detection of fixation disorders, such as eccentricity and instability, even in pediatric patients. The use of microperimetry as a new method of treatment for these diseases has also been shown. Visual rehabilitation based on biofeedback provided by this device has shown high efficiency in diseases of the central region. More research remains to be done to determine future potential applications of this technology, in particular in pediatric practice, and to develop the potential of microperimetry as a tool for the visual rehabilitation of patients.
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF COBALT IONS ADSORPTION ON PUMICE
Authors: ÇİÇEK Ekrem
Published: December 2021

Metal contamination is one of the most serious global problems. This investigation deals with the use of Aksaray pumice for the adsorption of cobalt ions. The factors affecting the adsorption on Aksaray pumice were examined. Pumice activated at 873 K for two hours before contact with cobalt ions. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure cobalt ions concentrations. The response surface methodology was utilized to evolve the predictive model for adsorption of cobalt ions on Aksaray pumice. The experimental and predicted maximum removal efficiency of 40 % and 37 % was obtained, respectively. The results showed that Aksaray pumice can be used as adsorbent for cobalt ions.