bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A proposal of a perfect graphene absorber with enhanced design and fabrication tolerance
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Tran Thang Q. , Heo Hyungjun , Kim Myunghwan , Kim Sangin
Published: June 2017

We propose a novel device structure for the perfect absorption of a one-sided lightwavve illumination, which consists of a high-contrast grating (HCG) and an evanescently coupled slab with an absorbing medium (graphene). The operation principle and design process of the proposed structure are analyzed using the coupled mode theory (CMT), which is confirmed by the rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). According to the CMT analysis, in the design of the proposed perfect absorber, the HCG, functioning as a broadband reflector, and the lossy slab structure can be optimized separately. In addition, we have more design parameters than conditions to satisfy; that is, we have more than enough degrees of freedom in the device design. This significantly relieves the complexity of the perfect absorber design. Moreover, in the proposed perfect absorber, most of the incident wave is confined in the slab region with strong field enhancement, so that the absorption performance is very tolerant to the variation of the design parameters near the optimal values for the perfect absorption. It has been demonstrated numerically that absorption spectrum tuning over a wider wavelength range of ~300 nm is possible, keeping significantly high maximum absorption (>95%). It is also shown that the proposed perfect absorber outperforms the previously proposed scheme in all aspects.
Identification of Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands Using a New Crystal Structure Fragment-based Method
Authors: Frandsen Ida Osborn , Boesgaard Michael W. , Fidom Kimberley , Hauser Alexander S. , Isberg Vignir , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Wellendorph Petrine , Gloriam David E.
Published: June 2017

Virtual screening offers an efficient alternative to high-throughput screening in the identification of pharmacological tools and lead compounds. Virtual screening is typically based on the matching of target structures or ligand pharmacophores to commercial or in-house compound catalogues. This study provides the first proof-of-concept for our recently reported method where pharmacophores are instead constructed based on the inference of residue-ligand fragments from crystal structures. We demonstrate its unique utility for G protein-coupled receptors, which represent the largest families of human membrane proteins and drug targets. We identified five neutral antagonists and one inverse agonist for the histamine H3 receptor with potencies of 0.7–8.5 μM in a recombinant receptor cell-based inositol phosphate accumulation assay and validated their activity using a radioligand competition binding assay. H3 receptor antagonism is of large therapeutic value and our ligands could serve as starting points for further lead optimisation. The six ligands exhibit four chemical scaffolds, whereof three have high novelty in comparison to the known H3 receptor ligands in the ChEMBL database. The complete pharmacophore fragment library is freely available through the GPCR database, GPCRdb, allowing the successful application herein to be repeated for most of the 285 class A GPCR targets. The method could also easily be adapted to other protein families.
Mie scatter spectra-based device for instant, contact-free, and specific diagnosis of bacterial skin infection
Authors: Sweeney Robin E. , Budiman Elizabeth , Yoon Jeong-Yeol
Published: June 2017

Rapid and specific diagnostic techniques are needed to expedite specific treatment of bacterial skin infections with narrow-spectrum antibiotics, rather than broad-spectrum. Through this work a device was developed to determine the presence of and species responsible for a bacterial skin infection using differences in Mie scatter spectra created by different bacterial species. A 650 nm LED at five different incident angles is used to illuminate the tissue, with Mie scatter being detected by PIN photodiodes at eight different detection angles. Mie scatter patterns are collected at all photodiode angles for each of the incident light angles, resulting in a Mie scatter spectra. Detectable differences in Mie scatter spectra were found using the device developed between commensal bacteria (no infection) and bacteria inoculated (infection) on the surface of both porcine and human cadaveric epidermis. Detectable differences were found between species of infection, specifically Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with differences summarized through principle component analysis. Mie scatter spectra can be detected within a few seconds without skin contact. This device is the first to rapidly and specifically diagnose bacterial skin infections in a contact-less manner, allowing for initial treatment with narrow spectrum antibiotics, and helping to reduce the likelihood of resistance.
Genomic and phenotypic analysis of Vavilov’s historic landraces reveals the impact of environment and genomic islands of agronomic traits
Authors: Plekhanova Elena , Vishnyakova Margarita A. , Bulyntsev Sergey , Chang Peter L. , Carrasquilla-Garcia Noelia , Negash Kassaye , Wettberg Eric von , Noujdina Nina , Cook Douglas R. , Samsonova Maria G. , Nuzhdin Sergey V.
Published: June 2017

The Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), in St. Petersburg, Russia, houses a unique genebank, with historical collections of landraces. When they were collected, the geographical distribution and genetic diversity of most crops closely reflected their historical patterns of cultivation established over the preceding millennia. We employed a combination of genomics, computational biology and phenotyping to characterize VIR’s 147 chickpea accessions from Turkey and Ethiopia, representing chickpea’s center of origin and a major location of secondary diversity. Genotyping by sequencing identified 14,059 segregating polymorphisms and genome-wide association studies revealed 28 GWAS hits in potential candidate genes likely to affect traits of agricultural importance. The proportion of polymorphisms shared among accessions is a strong predictor of phenotypic resemblance, and of environmental similarity between historical sampling sites. We found that 20 out of 28 polymorphisms, associated with multiple traits, including days to maturity, plant phenology, and yield-related traits such as pod number, localized to chromosome 4. We hypothesize that selection and introgression via inadvertent hybridization between more and less advanced morphotypes might have resulted in agricultural improvement genes being aggregated to genomic ‘agro islands’, and in genotype-to-phenotype relationships resembling widespread pleiotropy.
Divergent secular trends in blood pressure and body mass index in children and adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Man Ki , Leung Gabriel M. , Chung Thomas W. H. , Lee Karen K. Y. , Schooling C. Mary
Published: June 2017

Secular trends in blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) during childhood and adolescence are sentinels for the future population cardiovascular disease burden. We examined trends in BP z-score (ages 9–18 years from 1999 to 2014) and BMI z-score (ages 6–18 years from 1996 to 2014) in Hong Kong, China. Overall, BP z-score fell, systolic BP from 0.08 to −0.01 in girls and from 0.31 to 0.25 in boys. However, the trends were not consistent, for both sexes, systolic BP z-score was stable from 1999, decreased slightly from 2002 to 2005 and increased slightly to 2014, diastolic BP z-score decreased slightly from 1999 to 2004 and then remained stable to 2014. In contrast, BMI z-score rose from −0.15 to −0.01 in girls and from 0.14 to 0.34 in boys, mainly during 1997 to 2010. The upper tail of the systolic (except boys) and diastolic BP distribution shifted downwards, whereas the entire BMI distribution shifted upward. BP declined slightly whereas BMI rose in Hong Kong children and adolescents during the last 20 years, with systolic BP and BMI in boys above the reference. This warrants dual action in tackling rising BMI and identifying favorable determinants of BP, particularly targeting boys.
Controllable Microfluidic Production of Drug-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Using Partially Water-Miscible Mixed Solvent Microdroplets as a Precursor
Authors: Xu Jiang , Zhang Shusheng , Machado Anais , Lecommandoux Sébastien , Sandre Olivier , Gu Frank , Colin Annie
Published: June 2017

We present a versatile continuous microfluidic flow-focusing method for the production of Doxorubicin (DOX) or Tamoxifen (TAM)-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). We use a partially water-miscible solvent mixture (dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO+ dichloromethane DCM) as precursor drug/polymer solution for NPs nucleation. We extrude this partially water-miscible solution into an aqueous medium and synthesized uniform PLGA NPs with higher drug loading ability and longer sustained-release ability than conventional microfluidic or batch preparation methods. The size of NPs could be precisely tuned by changing the flow rate ratios, polymer concentration, and volume ratio of DCM to DMSO (VDCM/VDMSO) in the precursor emulsion. We investigated the mechanism of the formation of NPs and the effect of VDCM/VDMSO on drug release kinetics. Our work suggests that this original, rapid, facile, efficient and low-cost method is a promising technology for high throughput NP fabrication. For the two tested drugs, one hydrophilic (Doxorubicin) the other one hydrophobic (Tamoxifen), encapsulation efficiency (EE) as high as 88% and mass loading content (LC) higher than 25% were achieved. This new process could be extended as an efficient and large scale NP production method to benefit to fields like controlled drug release and nanomedicine.
Association between Homocysteine Levels and All-cause Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Fan Rui , Zhang Aiping , Zhong Fade
Published: June 2017

Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels may be associated with all-cause mortality risk. However, the results of this association are conflicting and the dose-response relationship between them has not been clearly defined. In this meta-analysis, we conducted a systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for the relevant articles dated up to February 2017. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the estimates, and the dose-response relationship was estimated using a restricted cubic spline model. Eleven prospective studies (4,110 deaths among 27,737 individuals) were included. The summary RR of all-cause mortality for the highest Hcy category vs. the lowest Hcy category was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.51, 2.14) with the random effects model. In dose-response meta-analysis, Hcy levels were significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk in a linear fashion (pnonlinearity = 0.255), and the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 33.6% for each 5 µmol/L increase in Hcy levels (RR = 1.336, 95% CI: 1.254–1.422,p < 0.001). Findings from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that Hcy levels are linearly and positively associated with risk of all-cause mortality.
Direct and convenient measurement of plasmid stability in lab and clinical isolates of E. coli
Authors: Chen Siyi , Larsson Mårten , Robinson Robert C. , Chen Swaine L.
Published: June 2017

Plasmids are important mobile elements in bacteria, contributing to evolution, virulence, and antibiotic resistance. Natural plasmids are generally large and maintained at low copy number and thus prone to be lost. Therefore, dedicated plasmid maintenance systems have evolved, leading to plasmid loss rates as low as 1 per 107 divisions. These low rates complicate studies of plasmid loss, as traditional techniques for measuring plasmid loss are laborious and not quantitative. To overcome these limitations, we leveraged a stringent negative selection system to develop a method for performing direct, quantitative measurements of plasmid loss in E. coli. We applied our method to gain mechanistic insights into a heterologously reconstituted segregation system in lab strains and clinical isolates of E. coli. We also performed direct stability studies of a currently circulating resistance plasmid in a clinical isolate, strain EC958, which is a member of the rapidly expanding global ST131 E. coli clone. Our results establish the foundational assays required to screen for small molecules targeting plasmid stability, which could complement current strategies for reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance, complementing other strategies for treating antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Broadband integrated optic polarization splitters by incorporating polarization mode extracting waveguide
Authors: Huang Guanghao , Park Tae-Hyun , Oh Min-Cheol
Published: June 2017

A compact integrated optic polarization splitter is highly anticipated for polarization multiplexed optical communications, dual polarization optical sensors, single photon quantum signal processing, etc. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a polarization mode extracting device using a highly birefringent crosslinked liquid crystal polymer, reactive mesogen. The device includes the birefringent material inserted into a Y-branch optical waveguide to extract the TE polarized mode. A polarization splitting ratio of 27 dB was obtained, and a crosstalk of less than −25 dB was maintained for a wavelength range of 1500~1600 nm. The device exhibited good thermal stability at 100 °C for 12 hours. The broadband operating characteristic is a unique advantage of the proposed mode extracting polarization splitter.
Erratum: Uricase alkaline enzymosomes with enhanced stabilities and anti-hyperuricemia effects induced by favorable microenvironmental changes
Authors: Zhou Yunli , Zhang Mi , He Dan , Hu Xueyuan , Xiong Huarong , Wu Jianyong , Zhu Biyue , Zhang Jingqing
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 20136; published online: 29 January 2016; updated: 30 June 2017. The original HTML version of this Article listed an incorrect volume number. This has now been corrected in the HTML version; the PDF version was correct at the time of publication.
Erratum: The peripheral blood proteome signature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is distinct from normal and is associated with novel immunological processes
Authors: O’Dwyer David N. , Norman Katy C. , Xia Meng , Huang Yong , Gurczynski Stephen J. , Ashley Shanna L. , White Eric S. , Flaherty Kevin R. , Martinez Fernando J. , Murray Susan , Noth Imre , Arnold Kelly B. , Moore Bethany B.
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 46560; published online: 25 April 2017; updated: 30 June 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the reference list, where reference 51 was incorrectly listed as “Ogawa, S. et al. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid ethanolamine concentration in major depressive disorder.
Correction: Corrigendum: Recurrent hormone-binding domain truncated ESR1 amplifications in primary endometrial cancers suggest their implication in hormone independent growth
Authors: Holst Frederik , Hoivik Erling A. , Gibson William J. , Taylor-Weiner Amaro , Schumacher Steven E. , Asmann Yan W. , Grossmann Patrick , Trovik Jone , Necela Brian M. , Thompson E. Aubrey , Meyerson Matthew , Beroukhim Rameen , Salvesen Helga B. , Cherniack Andrew D.
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 25521; published online: 10 May 2016; updated: 30 June 2017 This Article contains errors in the frequencies of ESR1 amplifications concerning uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma (UCEC) in TCGA, which were incorrectly given as 88 cases (16.3%) and 36 cases (6.7%) for overall and focal amplifications respectively.
Measuring elasticity of wet cellulose beads with an AFM colloidal probe using a linearized DMT model
Authors: Hellwig J. , Karlsson R.-M. P. , Wågberg L. , Pettersson T.
Published: June 2017

The mechanical properties of wet cellulose are investigated using an atomic force microscope AFM and calculated using a linearized DMT model.
A fast and high throughput LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 58 human and veterinary drugs in river water
Authors: Chen Xiao-Hong , Zhao Yong-Gang , Qiu Qiao-Li , Zhu Yan , Min Jian-Qing , Jin Mi-Cong
Published: June 2017

This study developed a method to perform the simultaneous determination of 58 (ultra) trace human and veterinary drugs in river water.
Combined effects of multi-scale topographical cues on stable cell sheet formation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Sisi , Kuddannaya Shreyas , Chuah Yon Jin , Bao Jingnan , Zhang Yilei , Wang Dongan
Published: June 2017

To decipher specific cell responses to diverse and complex in vivo signals, it is essential to emulate specific surface chemicals, extra cellular matrix (ECM) components and topographical signals through reliable and easily reproducible in vitro systems.
Correction: A facile and surfactant-free route for nanomanufacturing of tailored ternary nanoalloys as superior oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts
Authors: Hu Sheng , Cheng Kangmin , Ribeiro Erick L. , Park Kiman , Khomami Bamin , Mukherjee Dibyendu
Published: June 2017

Correction for 'A facile and surfactant-free route for nanomanufacturing of tailored ternary nanoalloys as superior oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts' by Sheng Hu et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2017, 7, 2074–2086.
Structural irregularities and peculiarities of low-temperature thermal properties of Sn24P19.4Br8 clathrate
Authors: Novikov V. V. , Matovnikov A. V. , Mitroshenkov N. V. , Kornev B. I. , Pilipenko K. S. , Likhanov M. S. , Shevelkov A. V.
Published: June 2017

Temperature changes of the heat capacity and unit cell parameters of Sn24P19Br8 clathrate were experimentally determined in the temperature range of 2 to 300 K.
Environmentally benign dry-gel conversions of Zr-based UiO metal–organic frameworks with high yield and the possibility of solvent re-use
Authors: Gökpinar Serkan , Diment Tatyana , Janiak Christoph
Published: June 2017

UiO-MOFs were synthesized using only 1/6 or upon solvent re-use only 1/30 of the DMF solvent volume compared to the solution synthesis on the same scale.
Spin-reversal energy barriers of 305 K for Fe2+d6ions with linear ligand coordination
Authors: Xu Lei , Zangeneh Ziba , Yadav Ravi , Avdoshenko Stanislav , van den Brink Jeroen , Jesche Anton , Hozoi Liviu
Published: June 2017

A remarkably large magnetic anisotropy energy of 305 K is computed by quantum chemistry methods for divalent Fe2+d6substitutes at Li-ion sites withD6hpoint-group symmetry within the solid-state matrix of Li3N.
Synthesis of fluorescent heterocycles via a Knoevenagel/[4 + 1]-cycloaddition cascade using acetyl cyanide
Authors: Martinez-Ariza Guillermo , Mehari Bereketab T. , Pinho Ludmila A. G. , Foley Christopher , Day Kendall , Jewett John C. , Hulme Christopher
Published: June 2017

Acetyl cyanide is utilized to synthesize fluorescent indolizines, benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles, and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines in a single step.
A phase-reversible Pd containing sphere-to-bridge-shaped peptide nanostructure for cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Kim Seongsoo , Cho Hong-Jun , Lee Namhun , Lee Yoon-Sik , Shin Dong-Sik , Lee Sang-Myung
Published: June 2017

A sphere-to-bridge-shaped peptide/Pd(ii) nanostructure was constructed and used as a recyclable Pd nano-catalyst for cross-coupling reactions.
Symmetric sodium-ion batteries based on the phosphate material of NASICON-structured Na3Co0.5Mn0.5Ti(PO4)3
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Chen Chao , Qian Chao , Liang Chengdu , Lin Zhan
Published: June 2017

A NASICON-structured bi-functional phosphate electrode material is developed in symmetric room-temperature sodium-ion batteries (NIBs).
A multi-signal fluorescent probe for simultaneously distinguishing and sequentially sensing cysteine/homocysteine, glutathione, and hydrogen sulfide in living cells
Authors: He Longwei , Yang Xueling , Xu Kaixin , Kong Xiuqi , Lin Weiying
Published: June 2017

A multi-signal fluorescent probe was engineered for simultaneously distinguishing and sequentially sensing cysteine/homocysteine, glutathione, and hydrogen sulfide in living cells.
Material discovery by combining stochastic surface walking global optimization with a neural network
Authors: Huang Si-Da , Shang Cheng , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: June 2017

A powerful material discovery tool is invented by combining SSW global optimization with neural network computing, which identifies unprecedented TiO2phases.
A combined experimental and theoretical spectroscopic protocol for determination of the structure of heterogeneous catalysts: developing the information content of the resonance Raman spectra of M1 MoVOx
Authors: Kubas Adam , Noak Johannes , Trunschke Annette , Schlögl Robert , Neese Frank , Maganas Dimitrios
Published: June 2017

In this work, we study the absorption and resonance Raman spectra of the M1 MoVOxcatalyst.
Controlling the assembly and spin transport of tetrathiafulvalene carboxylate coated iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Lv Zhong-Peng , Wang Tao , Ge Jing-Yuan , Luan Zhong-Zhi , Wu Di , Zuo Jing-Lin , Sun Shouheng
Published: June 2017

The transport mechanism and magnetoresistance of tetrathiafulvalene-carboxylate-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle assemblies are finely tuned using controlled ligand engineering, solvent-polarity and NP assembly patterns.
High-performance perovskite photodetectors based on solution-processed all-inorganic CsPbBr3 thin films
Authors: Li Ying , Shi Zhi-Feng , Li Sen , Lei Ling-Zhi , Ji Hui-Fang , Wu Di , Xu Ting-Ting , Tian Yong-Tao , Li Xin-Jian
Published: June 2017

High-performance perovskite photodetectors based on solution-processed all-inorganic CsPbBr3 thin films were fabricated with a high photoresponsivity and on/off photocurrent ratio.
Optimizing the thermoelectric performance of In–Cd codoped SnTe by introducing Sn vacancies
Authors: Tan Xiaofang , Tan Xiaojian , Liu Guoqiang , Xu Jingtao , Shao Hezhu , Hu Haoyang , Jin Min , Jiang Haochuan , Jiang Jun
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the complementary and competitive effects of a resonant level and band convergence in In–Cd codoped SnTe.
Coordination of directional over‐current relays in active distribution networks using generalised benders decomposition
Authors: Saberi Hossein , Amraee Turaj
Published: June 2017

Coordination of directional over‐current relays (DOCRs) as the primary protection of meshed distribution networks is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) problem. The coordination of DOCRs has been mainly accomplished using heuristic methods. Therefore, this study aims at proposing an efficient analytical tool for this problem. A two‐stage analytical approach based on the generalised Benders decomposition is proposed to find the time and current settings of DOCRs with minimum operating time, while satisfying coordination constraints. The standard curves and the discrete current settings of DOCRs are determined in the first stage using a relaxed MINLP master problem. The obtained settings are then passed to the second stage to determine the time dial settings. In this stage, two linear sub‐problems are solved to check feasibility and optimality of the solution. In each sub‐problem another linear optimisation problem is developed to construct new constraints that are then backed to the first stage to remove the infeasibility and reduce the optimality gap, respectively. The iterative process continues till all the infeasibilities are removed and the optimality gap decreases below a given threshold. The obtained results on test cases are compared with two well‐known MINLP solvers and some previous approaches.
Outcomes of Posterior-Stabilized Compared with Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Mannering Nicholas , D'Andrea Valerio , Locher Joel , Salvatore Giuseppe , Denaro Vincenzo , Ciuffreda Mauro
Published: June 2017

The aim of this systematic review is to compare clinical outcome scores, rate of complications, and range of motion (ROM) of posterior-stabilized (PS) and cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) both pre- and postoperatively to establish which of the two kinds of implants have the best efficiency. A comprehensive search was performed of studies comparing CR and PS TKAs on PubMed, OVID/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google scholar, and Embase databases. Finally, 37 studies were selected with a total of 5,407 knees in 4,445 patients. For the PS knees, the Knee Society Functional Score (KSFS) improved from 44.6 to 77.6 (p = 0.04), extension decreased from 6.6 to 1.8 degrees (p-value), and flexion increased from 115.2 to 119.4 degrees (p < 0.00001), compared with the CR knees. No significant difference in the Knee Society objective score (KSOS) (p = 0.82) or complication rates (p = 0.29) was found. The overall complication rate was 3.9%, 213 in 5,407 knees. Surgeons must be careful in interpreting these results, as an improved ROM for the PS group may not correlate to better patient outcomes. This meta-analysis has demonstrated that PS TKA has a statistically significant greater postoperative improvement of KSFS (p = 0.04), flexion (p < 0.00001), and extension (p = 0.02), compared with the CR group. These findings seem to lead the surgeons to prefer the PS design for TKAs especially to achieve a higher postoperative ROM in patients with high functional demands. On the contrary, the CR and PS TKAs have similar results in terms of complications and most of clinical outcomes analyzed in the included studies. Therefore, the long-term follow-up of high-quality randomized controlled trials is needed to clarify which of the two types of prosthesis provide the better clinical outcome and the lower rate of complications for osteoarthritis patients in particular cohorts. This is a systematic review (level II).
Phonemdiskrimination und Lese-Rechtschreibleistung unter logopädischer Therapie
Authors: Brunner Monika , Kizilkaya Ece , Plinkert Peter
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Die Effekte von logopädischen Therapien zu auditiven Verarbeitungsstörungen (AVS) und Lese-Rechtschreibstörung (LRS) sind umstritten. Es wurde untersucht, wie sich die Phonemdiskrimination und die Lese-Rechtschreibleistung unter Sprachtherapie und Training der auditiven Diskrimination mit Graphembezug verbesserte.

Methodik Von 124 Kindern (MW 8,6 Jahre) wurden Testwerte zur Phonemdiskrimination (HLAD), Rechtschreibung (DRT/HSP) und zum Lesen (ELFE) über ein lineares Regressionsmodell berechnet. Als Einflussfaktoren wurden vorangegangene Sprachentwicklungsstörungen, auditives Kurzzeitgedächtnis (ZFG), IQ, Konzentrationsauffälligkeit, familiäre Prädisposition und das Geschlecht aufgenommen.

Ergebnisse Die Kinder, die zu Beginn in den standardisierten Tests unter Prozentrang ≤ 25 lagen, verbesserten ihre Leistungen signifikant. Dennoch blieb der mittlere Prozentrang nach mindestens 40 Therapieeinheiten weiterhin im pädagogisch auffälligen Bereich (PR ≤ 25). Das Geschlecht und ZFG hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss.

Diskussion Die Ergebnisse zeigen einerseits, dass eine signifikante Verbesserung nach mindestens 40 Therapieeinheiten nachweisbar ist, machen aber auch die Grenzen der Veränderbarkeit deutlich: Über das untere Leistungsviertel kommen die Kinder nicht hinaus. Dies hat entscheidende Folgen für die Beratung der Eltern, Kinder und Therapeuten.
Eine Leitlinie und mehr
Authors: Gins Cornelia
Published: June 2017

Implantologie und Chirurgie sind die Gebiete, die neben den Neuen Technologien für die nächsten Jahre in unserem Praxisalltag bestimmend bleiben werden. Daher macht es immer wieder Freude, Themen aus diesen Gebieten für einen Schwerpunkt zusammenzustellen, und das haben wir für Sie ausgewählt: Passend zur gerade entfachten Diskussion um die Ja- oder Nein-Evidenz in der Parodontolgie ist in einem Beitrag zu lesen, wie die Implantologie im Spiegel der aktuellen Leitlinien zu sehen ist. Es werden die aktuellen Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e.V. (AWMF) im Fachbereich der oralen Implantologie kurz vorgestellt und die letztes Jahr erschienene Periimplantitis-Leitlinie eingehender beleuchtet. Diese S3-Leitlinie umfasst Empfehlungen zur Behandlung der periimplantären Mukositis sowie der Periimplantitis. Sie ist für den Praktiker besonders wichtig. In einem weiteren Beitrag geht es um digitale Arbeitsprozesse und welchen Nutzen sie bringen bezogen auf die Arbeiten im Labor. Oft wird darauf verzichtet, sich bereits vor der Implantation die Vorzüge der digitalen Technik für die prothetische Planung zunutze zu machen. Der Zahntechniker ist dadurch häufig mit Situationen konfrontiert, die ihm in der technologischen prothetischen Umsetzung große Probleme bereiten. Die 3D-Implantat-Planungsprogramme können hier von großem Nutzen sein. Besonders interessant finde ich das Thema: endoprothetischer Kiefergelenkersatz. Das Kiefergelenk spielt bei jeder CMD etc. eine große Rolle, aber an sich ist es ein „unbekanntes Wesen“. Oft bleibt nach erfolgloser medikamentöse Schmerztherapie, Krankengymnastik, Versuche mit verschiedenen Schienen, nur der Hinweis, dass der Patient halt mit den Beschwerden und Funktionseinschränkungen leben muss. Aber es gibt doch noch eine Möglichkeit – lesen Sie selbst. Ein Schmankerl haben wir auch noch für Sie. Können Sie sich etwas unter einem „kissing molar“ vorstellen? Nein? Dann lassen Sie sich überraschen.
Im Darknet der peripheren Neurologie: Sensible und schmerzhafte Neuropathien
Authors: Reiners Karlheinz
Published: June 2017

Was der Arzt/die Ärztin nicht kennt, wird er/sie nicht diagnostizieren. Diese ebenso alte wie grundlegende Erkenntnis gilt in ganz besonderem Maße für Polyneuropathien, deren klinisches Muster abweicht vom Standard-Muster der distal-symmetrischen längenabhängigen sensiblen und/oder motorischen Polyneuropathie, welches die häufigsten Ursachen (Diabetes mellitus und Äthylalkohol) auszeichnet. Wenn dann noch hinzu kommt, dass man mit dem typischen diagnostischen Zusatz-Repertoire der Elektro-Neuro- und -Myografie keine pathologischen Veränderungen messen kann, dann ist der Weg nicht weit, eine psychogene Symptombildung anstelle einer Neuropathie anzunehmen.
Formation of orthorhombic (Zr,Ta)O2 in thin Zr-Ta-O films
Authors: Lehninger D. , Rafaja D. , Wünsche J. , Schneider F. , von Borany J. , Heitmann J.
Published: June 2017

The formation of orthorhombic (Zr,Ta)O2 was found in annealed thin Zr-Ta-O films with various tantalum concentrations deposited by co-sputtering a ZrO2 target and a mixed ZrO2/Ta2O5 target. In the as-deposited state, all films were amorphous. After annealing, tetragonal (Zr,Ta)O2 for [Ta]/([Ta] + [Zr]) ≤ 0.19 and orthorhombic (Zr,Ta)O2 for [Ta]/([Ta] + [Zr]) > 0.19 were formed. Thin films with excess of tantalum ([Ta]/([Ta] + [Zr]) ≥ 0.5) decomposed into two orthorhombic phases upon crystallization: (Zr,Ta)O2 and tantalum-rich (Ta,Zr)2O5. The Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the crystal structure of (Zr,Ta)O2 can be described with the non-centrosymmetric space group Pbc21. The broad range of tantalum concentrations, in which orthorhombic (Zr,Ta)O2 is formed as a single crystalline phase, is promising for the use of this compound in ferroelectric field effect transistors.
Experimental evidence on RH-dependent crossover from an electronic to protonic conduction with an oscillatory behaviour
Authors: Solanki Vanaraj , Krupanidhi S. B. , Nanda K. K.
Published: June 2017

An oxide semiconductor changes its resistance with exposure of water molecules and is accepted to be governed by electronic and protonic conduction in low and high humid atmosphere, respectively, without any experimental evidences. Here, we report on the experimental evidence of a relative humidity (RH) dependent crossover, from an electronic to protonic conduction and its oscillatory behaviour in mesoporous SnO2. Interestingly, oscillatory conduction observed in the intermediate humidity range (70%–90% RH) lies in between two monotonic variations that substantiate the competitive adsorption and desorption processes of oxygen species and water molecules. In addition, we have shown that the conduction process can be tuned predominantly electronic or protonic by pre- and post-UV treatment. The conductance increases by 2–3 orders as the conduction changes from pure electronic to protonic, suggesting an insulator-to-metal like transition.
Ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torques in Pt\Co\AlOx
Authors: Lo Conte R. , Karnad G. V. , Martinez E. , Lee K. , Kim N.-H. , Han D.-S. , Kim J.-S. , Prenzel S. , Schulz T. , You C.-Y. , Swagten H. J. M. , Kläui M.
Published: June 2017

We report the thickness dependence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in Pt\Co(t)\AlOx, studied by current-induced domain wall (DW) motion and second-harmonic experiments. From the DW motion study, a monotonous decay of the effective DMI strength with increasing Co thickness is observed, in agreement with a DMI originating from the Pt\Co interface. The study of the ferromagnetic layer thickness dependence of spin-orbit torques reveals a more complex behavior. The observed thickness dependence suggests the spin-Hall effect in Pt as the main origin of the SOTs, with the measured SOT-fields amplitudes resulting from the interplay between the varying thickness and the transverse spin diffusion length in the Co layer.
Combinatory rules and chunk structure in male Mueller’s gibbon songs
Authors: Inoue Yoichi , Sinun Waidi , Yosida Shigeto , Okanoya Kazuo
Published: June 2017

Understanding whether the long and elaborate songs of male gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) have syntax and hierarchical structures (chunks) is an interesting question in the evolution of language, because gibbons are near humans in the phylogenetic tree and a hierarchically organized syntax is considered to be a basic component of human language. We conducted field research at Danum Valley Conservation Area in northern Borneo to test the hypothesis that gibbon songs have syntax and chunks. We followed one Mueller’s gibbon group for 1 week in the dry and rainy seasons every year from 2001 to 2009, collecting vocal and behavioral data. Results show that songs emitted by the studied male gibbon were governed by combinatory rules. Some context-dependent songs had different combinatory rules, although they overlapped with the songs whose contexts were uncertain. The male Mueller’s songs had characteristics that suggest existence of chunk structure. These results provided an important perspective in the study of language origin.
Cocoa and chocolate, their clinical benefits: insights in study design.
Authors: Mellor D. D. , Georgousopoulou E. N. , Naumovski N.
Published: June 2017

Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated the potential protective effect of cocoa and chocolate consumption with respect to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers. Findings from experimental studies are in concordance with observational data, which include reduction in clinical disease (especially stroke) being associated with chocolate consumption. However, the effect size of any benefit, and the exact mechanism of action due to variability in reporting of dose and type potential bioactive compounds remains unclear. Thus, the present review aimed to analyse the published work where cocoa and chocolate have been assessed for their potential to protect against CVD and highlight the role of study design and type of product used in the variances of outcomes and how that might be used in formulating health advice.
The rebirth of Chinggis Khaan: state appropriation of Chinggis Khaan in post-socialist Mongolia
Authors: Myadar Orhon
Published: June 2017

A massive monument of Chinggis Khaan (Chinggis Khaan's name is spelt differently depending on the language in which it was written and on conventions of transliteration. Among the most common are Chinggis, Genghis, Genghiz, or Jengiz. For the purpose of the paper, the Mongolian transliteration is used.) imposingly gazes down from the government palace in Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia. The monument was erected in 2006 in commemoration of the 800-year anniversary of the establishment of “the Great Mongolian State.” Occupying arguably the most prominent national space, the monument serves as an arresting emblem of the state. With its silent yet triumphant symbolization, the monument articulates the state's new ideology in the post-Soviet era. The monument is one of countless symbolic and material grand-scale state expressions appropriating Chinggis Khaan. In this article, I examine the state's appropriation of Chinggis Khaan as the marker of Mongolian post-socialist national identity. In doing so, I critically examine how the state appropriates history, remembering and forgetting certain parts, to cultivate a shared sense of belonging and pride. Unifying the public in shared glorification and celebration of Chinggis Khaan ultimately serves to instill devotion to the national political and ideological project.
Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses and the Origins of the Reformation Narrative
Authors: Dixon C Scott
Published: June 2017

With the quincentenary of the German Reformation now upon us, it is worth revisiting how, and why, the posting of the 95 theses emerged as such a defining moment in the Reformation story. It is easy to understand why it has assumed pride of place in modern histories. What is less easy to understand, however, is why the theses-posting emerged as the critical moment in the early modern accounts, for there were many other moments with even more drama and proximate significance for the Reformation. Moreover, the posting of theses had little shock-value at the time. Many professors posted academic theses, many reform-minded Christians had questioned indulgences, and many high-profile German intellectuals had written at least one critical piece against Rome. The following article begins with a survey of the origins of Reformation history and traces the incorporation of the theses-posting into the narrative stream. The second section examines the reasons why this act remained so prominent in the Lutheran memory during the two centuries after the Reformation by relating it to a broader analytical framework and sense of self-perception. The final section examines the process of reinterpretation that occurred during the period of late Lutheran Orthodoxy and the early Enlightenment, when scholars started to revisit the episode and sketch out the features of the modern view. The broader aim is to demonstrate how historical conditions can shape historical facts, even when those facts were bound to something as seemingly idealistic as the origins of a new Church.
First Considerations of the Investigators
Authors: Robins Eli
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the first considerations and main objectives into this study on suicide. It outlines the questions that the researchers intended to answer, as well as a brief exploration of the study method and procedures.
Affective Disorder—Description of the Sample Comprising the Largest of the Four Major Diagnostic Groups
Authors: Robins Eli
Published: June 2017

This chapter focuses on the members of the sample that were diagnosed as having affective disorder, depressed phase, which represented the largest single diagnostic group of the sample. It presents diagnostic criteria, and symptoms shown by members of this diagnostic group, before presenting study records and case notes of each member of the group.
The Psychiatrically Undiagnosed Group—Description of the 20 Subjects So Categorized
Authors: Robins Eli
Published: June 2017

This chapter focuses on the sample group who were undiagnosed or undiagnosable by the study’s diagnostic criteria. It outlines the definition of ‘psychiatrically undiagnosable’, and reasons for the absence of definitive diagnosis before suggesting diagnoses that were most likely to apply to each case. It presents study records and case notes of each member of the group.
Module 4: Thinking Tools
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter describes the fourth module of CBT for late-life depression, which explores thinking tools. The first section focuses on teaching clients to identify unhelpful thoughts using a thought diary. Clients then practice challenging unhelpful thoughts and using an expanded 6-column unhelpful thought diary (UTD). Some clients may need to address underlying core beliefs or “schemas” in order to effectively challenge negative thoughts. A section on overthinking is also included for clients who have problems with excessive worrying.
Module 5: Feeling Tools
Authors: Gallagher-Thompson Dolores , Thompson Larry W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses fifth module of CBT for late-life depression, which explores feeling tools, including the importance of relaxation, awareness of anxiety, keeping a tension diary, relaxation training, as well as imagery as a tool to challenge negative thoughts and stress management, and the management of frustration and anger.
Module 3: Doing Tools
Authors: Thompson Larry W. , Dick-Siskin Leah , Coon David W. , Powers David V. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores
Published: June 2017

This chapter outlines active tools to help with CBT for late-life depression, including behavioral activation, activity monitoring, scheduling pleasant activities, breaking tasks into manageable pieces, and exploring thoughts and expectations. It also discusses the importance of pleasant activities, monitoring mood, the California Older Person’s Pleasant Events Schedule (COPPES), and graphing the relationship between pleasant events and mood, as well as problem-solving steps and techniques.
Module 4: Thinking Tools
Authors: Thompson Larry W. , Dick-Siskin Leah , Coon David W. , Powers David V. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores
Published: June 2017

This chapter outlines thought tools to help with CBT for late-life depression, including identifying unhelpful thoughts, keeping an unhelpful thought diary (UTD), rating the strength of unhelpful thoughts, the strength of emotions, unhelpful thought patterns, and how to identify them. It also explores challenging unhelpful thoughts, overthinking, thought stopping, and setting aside time to worry, as well as core beliefs, unhelpful core beliefs, core beliefs associated with life stages, and techniques for changes core beliefs.
Module 5: Feeling Tools
Authors: Thompson Larry W. , Dick-Siskin Leah , Coon David W. , Powers David V. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses feeling tools to help with CBT for late-life depression, including the importance of relaxation, awareness of anxiety, keeping a tension diary, relaxation training, as well as imagery as a tool to challenge negative thoughts and stress management, and the management of frustration and anger.
Module 6: Communication Tools
Authors: Thompson Larry W. , Dick-Siskin Leah , Coon David W. , Powers David V. , Gallagher-Thompson Dolores
Published: June 2017

This chapter discusses communication tools to help with CBT for late-life depression, including the communication continuum (passive, aggressive, and effective/assertive communication styles), effective communication in conflicted situations, role playing activities, and techniques to improve interpersonal effectiveness, such as ‘I’ statements, compromise, repetition, and techniques for developing new relationships.
Organization of Multiple Tasks
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

The main focus of this chapter is to teach the adult client with ADHD how to organize multiple tasks. This chapter describes how the client can select an effective calendar and task list system to use. Advice is given on how to manage multiple tasks. Information is provided about how to prioritize tasks using an “A,” “B,” and “C” rating system. The importance of sticking with a system is emphasized.
Problem Solving and Managing Overwhelming Tasks
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter contains information about how adult clients with ADHD can learn to manage overwhelming tasks, those that remain on the task list for many days or weeks without getting completed. A five-step problem-solving strategy is outlined to arrive at a solution to a problem. The five steps are articulating the problem, listing solutions, listing the pros and cons of the solutions, rating each solution, and implementing the best solution. Instructions are given for breaking down large tasks into smaller, more manageable chunks to increase the likelihood of task completion. The client is urged to continue practicing these skills regularly so that they become habits.
Adaptive Thinking
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter continues the discussion of the cognitive component of ADHD. The primary goal is for clients to learn how to develop alternative thoughts to replace their negative and/or unhelpful thoughts. The process, called adaptive thinking, involves observing one’s thoughts, labeling them as inaccurate or unhelpful, and then coming up with more accurate or helpful thoughts. We discuss ways to formulate helpful rational responses to use in place of negative automatic thoughts. The chapter includes instructions regarding how to review thought records. We use a coaching metaphor to explain helpful and unhelpful styles of coaching yourself/talking to yourself about situations.
Rehearsal and Review of Adaptive Thinking Skills
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter completes the discussion of adaptive thinking for adults with ADHD. The primary goal of this chapter is to encourage clients to continue working on developing their ability to recognize negative and unhelpful thoughts and changing to more adaptive ways of thinking about situations. It includes a description of how to review thought records that include rational responses. It describes how to identify additional situations that may require cognitive restructuring and adaptive thinking. The chapter concludes with information on how to evaluate the need for the optional procrastination session described in Chapter 13.
Application of Skills to Procrastination (optional)
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This chapter, which is optional, covers how clients with ADHD can use the skills they have learned to deal with the problem of procrastination. Many individuals with ADHD have struggled with procrastination for quite some time, and we therefore discuss the attractive aspects of procrastination. Clients are given instructions on how you can identify the negative consequences of procrastination. An exercise is presented that involves writing out pros and cons of procrastination using a specific example. The chapter explains how previously taught skills of problem solving and adaptive thinking can be applied to procrastination with the help of a thought record.
Handling Slips
Authors: Safren Steven A. , Sprich Susan E. , Perlman Carol A. , Otto Michael W.
Published: June 2017

This final chapter of the workbook covers strategies for preventing relapse for adult clients with ADHD. The chapter reviews all of the skills that were taught in the treatment program. Clients identify which skills were helpful and which were not. The chapter includes a troubleshooting worksheet. There is also a worksheet that clients can use after treatment has ended to review which things are going well and which skills need more practice in order to maintain treatment gains.