bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Purpose in International Law
Authors: Martinez-Fraga Pedro J. , Reetz C. Ryan
Published: January 2015

This text explores how the public purpose doctrine reconciles the often conflicting, but equally binding, obligations that states have to engage in regulatory sovereignty while honoring host-state obligations to protect foreign investment. The work examines the multiple permutations and iterations of the public purpose doctrine and concludes that this principle needs to be reconceptualized to meet the imperatives of economic globalization and of a new paradigm of sovereignty that is based on the interdependence, and not independence, of states. It contends that the historical expression of the public purpose doctrine in customary and conventional international law is fraught with fundamental flaws that, if not corrected, will give rise to disparities in the relationship between investors and states, asymmetries with respect to industrialized nations and developing states, and, ultimately, process legitimacy concerns.
Indonesia's Changing Political Economy
Authors: Davidson Jamie S.
Published: January 2015

Indonesia is Southeast Asia's largest economy and freest democracy yet vested interests and local politics serve as formidable obstacles to infrastructure reform. In this critical analysis of the politics inhibiting infrastructure investment, Jamie S. Davidson utilizes evidence from his research, press reports and rarely used consultancy studies to challenge mainstream explanations for low investment rates and the sluggish adoption of liberalizing reforms. He argues that obstacles have less to do with weak formal institutions and low fiscal capacities of the state than with entrenched, rent-seeking interests, misaligned central-local government relations, and state-society struggles over land. Using a political-sociological approach, Davidson demonstrates that 'getting the politics right' matters as much as getting the prices right or putting the proper institutional safeguards in place for infrastructure development. This innovative account and its conclusions will be of interest to students and scholars of Southeast Asia and policymakers of infrastructure investment and economic growth.
The Economics and Uncertainties of Nuclear Power
Authors: Lévêque François
Published: January 2015

Is nuclear power a thing of the past or a technology for the future? Has it become too expensive and dangerous, or is it still competitive and sufficiently safe? Should emerging countries invest in it? Can we trust calculations of the probability of a major nuclear accident? In the face of divergent claims and contradictory facts, this book provides an in-depth and balanced economic analysis of the main controversies surrounding nuclear power. Without taking sides, it helps readers gain a better understanding of the uncertainties surrounding the costs, hazards, regulation and politics of nuclear power. Written several years on from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster of 2011, this is an important resource for students, researchers, energy professionals and concerned citizens wanting to engage with the continuing debate on the future of nuclear power and its place in international energy policy.
Self-Awareness in Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Kaukua Jari
Published: January 2015

This important book investigates the emergence and development of a distinct concept of self-awareness in post-classical, pre-modern Islamic philosophy. Jari Kaukua presents the first extended analysis of Avicenna's arguments on self-awareness - including the flying man, the argument from the unity of experience, the argument against reflection models of self-awareness and the argument from personal identity - arguing that all these arguments hinge on a clearly definable concept of self-awareness as pure first-personality. He substantiates his interpretation with an analysis of Suhrawardī's use of Avicenna's concept and Mullā Sadrā's revision of the underlying concept of selfhood. The study explores evidence for a sustained, pre-modern and non-Western discussion of selfhood and self-awareness, challenging the idea that these concepts are distinctly modern, European concerns. The book will be of interest to a range of readers in history of philosophy, history of ideas, Islamic studies and philosophy of mind.
Pozières
Authors: Wray Christopher
Published: January 2015

From July to September 1916, some 23,000 Australians were killed or wounded in the Battle of Pozières. It was the first strategically important engagement by Australian soldiers on the Western Front and its casualties exceeded those of any other battle of the First World War, including Gallipoli. In this important book, Christopher Wray explores the influence of Pozières on Australian society and history, and how it is remembered today. In the opening chapters he revisits the battle and considers its aftermath, including shell shock and the psychological effects experienced by surviving soldiers. The concluding chapters examine the way in which the battle has been commemorated in literature and art, and the extent to which it has been overlooked in contemporary remembrance of the war. Generously illustrated with photographs, maps and paintings, Pozières: Echoes of a Distant Battle is essential reading for anyone interested in the First World War and Australia's post-war society.
Planetary Sciences
Authors: de Pater Imke , Lissauer Jack J.
Published: January 2015

An authoritative introduction for graduate students in the physical sciences, this award-winning textbook explains the wide variety of physical, chemical, and geological processes that govern the motions and properties of planets. This updated second edition has been revised and improved while maintaining its existing structure and organization. Many data tables and plots have been updated to account for the latest measurements. A new Appendix focuses on recent discoveries since the second edition was first published. These include results from Cassini, Kepler, MESSENGER, MRO, LRO, Dawn at Vesta, Curiosity, and others, as well as many ground-based observatories. With over 300 exercises to help students apply the concepts covered, this textbook is ideal for graduate courses in astronomy, planetary science and earth science, and well suited as a reference for researchers. Color versions of many figures, movie clips supplementing the text, and other resources are available at www.cambridge.org/depater.
The Ebola Threat: China’s Response to the West African Epidemic and National Development of Prevention and Control Policies and Infrastructure
Authors: Fan Hao-Jun , Gao Hong-Wei , Ding Hui , Zhang Bi-Ke , Hou Shi-Ke
Published: January 2015

There is growing concern in West Africa about the spread of the Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus. With the increasing global public health risk, a coordinated international response is necessary. The Chinese government is prepared to work in collaboration with West African countries to assist in the containment and control of the epidemic through the contribution of medical expertise and mobile laboratory testing teams. Nationally, China is implementing prevention programs in major cities and provinces, the distribution of Ebola test kits, and the deployment of a new national Ebola research laboratory. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;0:1-2)
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psycho-oncology patients: an exploratory study
Authors: Kingston T. , Collier S. , Hevey D. , McCormick M. M. , Besani C. , Cooney J. , O’Dwyer A. M.
Published: January 2015

Objectives

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group-based intervention similar to mindfulness-based stress reduction, but which includes cognitive therapy techniques. This study investigates its usefulness in the treatment of depressive, anxiety and stress/distress symptoms in cancer patients referred to a psycho-oncology service. It also examines whether effect on depression is mediated by self-compassion.

Method

In phase 1 of this study, 16 cancer patients with mild/moderate psychological distress were randomised to MBCT (n=8) or treatment as usual (TAU;n=8), and assessed pre- and post-treatment. Analysis of variance was performed to examine the effect of treatment on anxiety and depression. In phase 2, the TAU group received the intervention, and results of pre- and post-MBCT assessments were combined with those receiving MBCT in phase 1. Finally, both groups were followed up at 3 months.

Results

In phase 1, the MBCT group had a significant improvement in mindfulness and a decrease in anxiety. Statistically significant improvements in both depression and anxiety were found at 3 month follow-up. Self-compassion appeared to mediate the effect on anxiety/depression.

Conclusion

This small pilot study suggests that MBCT may have a beneficial effect on psychological variables often adversely affected in cancer in a heterogeneous cancer population.
Quantification of [11C]yohimbine Binding to α2 Adrenoceptors in Rat Brain in vivo
Authors: Phan Jenny-Ann , Landau Anne M , Wong Dean F , Jakobsen Steen , Nahimi Adjmal , Doudet Doris J , Gjedde Albert
Published: January 2015

We quantified the binding potentials ( BPND) of [11C]yohimbine binding in rat brain to alpha-2 adrenoceptors to evaluate [11C]yohimbine as an in vivo marker of noradrenergic neurotransmission and to examine its sensitivity to the level of noradrenaline. Dual [11C]yohimbine dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) recordings were applied to five Sprague Dawley rats at baseline, followed by acute amphetamine administration (2 mg/kg) to induce elevation of the endogenous level of noradrenaline. The volume of distribution ( VT) of [11C]yohimbine was obtained using Logan plot with arterial plasma input. Because alpha-2 adrenoceptors are distributed throughout the brain, the estimation of the BPND is complicated by the absence of an anatomic region of no displaceable binding. We used the Inhibition plot to acquire the reference volume, VND, from which we calculated the BPND. Acute pharmacological challenge with amphetamine induced a significant decline of [11C]yohimbine BPND of ∼38% in all volumes of interest. The BPND was greatest in the thalamus and striatum, followed in descending order by, frontal cortex, pons, and cerebellum. The experimental data demonstrate that [11C]yohimbine binding is sensitive to a challenge known to increase the extracellular level of noradrenaline, which can benefit future PET investigations of pathologic conditions related to disrupted noradrenergic neurotransmission.
Effects of a High-Caloric Diet and Physical Exercise on Brain Metabolite Levels: A Combined Proton MRS and Histologic Study
Authors: Auer Matthias K , Sack Markus , Lenz Jenny N , Jakovcevski Mira , Biedermann Sarah V , Falfán-Melgoza Claudia , Deussing Jan , Steinle Jörg , Bielohuby Maximilian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Pfister Frederik , Stalla Günter K , Ende Gabriele , Weber-Fahr Wolfgang , Fuss Johannes , Gass Peter
Published: January 2015

Excessive intake of high-caloric diets as well as subsequent development of obesity and diabetes mellitus may exert a wide range of unfavorable effects on the central nervous system (CNS). It has been suggested that one mechanism in this context is the promotion of neuroinflammation. The potentially harmful effects of such diets were suggested to be mitigated by physical exercise. Here, we conducted a study investigating the effects of physical exercise in a cafeteria-diet mouse model on CNS metabolites by means of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS). In addition postmortem histologic and real-time (RT)-PCR analyses for inflammatory markers were performed. Cafeteria diet induced obesity and hyperglycemia, which was only partially moderated by exercise. It also induced several changes in CNS metabolites such as reduced hippocampal glutamate (Glu), choline-containing compounds (tCho) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)+ N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid (NAAG) (tNAA) levels, whereas opposite effects were seen for running. No association of these effects with markers of central inflammation could be observed. These findings suggest that while voluntary wheel running alone is insufficient to prevent the unfavorable peripheral sequelae of the diet, it counteracted many changes in brain metabolites. The observed effects seem to be independent of neuroinflammation.
Unexpected Complication in a Rat Stroke Model: Exacerbation of Secondary Pathology in the Thalamus by Subacute Intraarterial Administration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Mitkari Bhimashankar , Kerkelä Erja , Nystedt Johanna , Korhonen Matti , Jolkkonen Jukka
Published: January 2015

This study examined whether human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMMSCs) could alleviate the secondary pathology in the thalamus after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Atypical accumulation of both amyloid-β (Aβ) and calcium in the thalamus was significantly higher in rats receiving the BMMSCs infusion 48 hours after MCAO as compared with the vehicle MCAO group. The elevated Aβ/calcium accumulation correlated with the level of impaired sensorimotor function. Although secondary pathology in the thalamus seems to be rodent specific, it needs to be taken into account because it may impair long-term behavioral recovery and negate therapeutic treatment effects.
Postischemic Hyperperfusion on Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion MRI is Linked to Hemorrhagic Transformation in Stroke
Authors: Yu Songlin , Liebeskind David S , Dua Sumit , Wilhalme Holly , Elashoff David , Qiao Xin J , Alger Jeffry R , Sanossian Nerses , Starkman Sidney , Ali Latisha K , Scalzo Fabien , Lou Xin , Yoo Bryan , Saver Jeffrey L , Salamon Noriko , Wang Danny JJ
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hyperperfusion and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) with background suppressed 3D GRASE was performed during routine clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on AIS patients at various time points. Arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were visually inspected for the presence of hyperperfusion. Hemorrhagic transformation was followed during hospitalization and was graded on gradient recalled echo (GRE) scans into hemorrhagic infarction (HI) and parenchymal hematoma (PH). A total of 361 ASL scans were collected from 221 consecutive patients with middle cerebral artery stroke from May 2010 to September 2013. Hyperperfusion was more frequently detected posttreatment (odds ratio (OR)=4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5 to 8.9, P<0.001) and with high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at admission ( P<0.001). There was a significant association between having hyperperfusion at any time point and HT (OR=3.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 6.3, P<0.001). There was a positive relationship between the grade of HT and time—hyperperfusion with the Spearman's rank correlation of 0.44 ( P=0.003). Arterial spin labeling hyperperfusion may provide an imaging marker of HT, which may guide the management of AIS patients post tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and/or endovascular treatments. Late hyperperfusion should be given more attention to prevent high-grade HT.
Insulin resistance and white adipose tissue inflammation are uncoupled in energetically challenged Fsp27-deficient mice
Authors: Zhou Linkang , Park Shi-Young , Xu Li , Xia Xiayu , Ye Jing , Su Lu , Jeong Kyeong-Hoon , Hur Jang Ho , Oh Hyunhee , Tamori Yoshikazu , Zingaretti Cristina M. , Cinti Saverio , Argente Jesús , Yu Miao , Wu Lizhen , Ju Shenghong , Guan Feifei , Yang Hongyuan , Choi Cheol Soo , Savage David B. , Li Peng
Published: January 2015

Fsp27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein almost exclusively expressed in adipocytes where it facilitates unilocular lipid droplet formation. In mice, Fsp27 deficiency is associated with increased basal lipolysis, ‘browning’ of white fat and a healthy metabolic profile, whereas a patient with congenital CIDEC deficiency manifested an adverse lipodystrophic phenotype. Here we reconcile these data by showing that exposing Fsp27-null mice to a substantial energetic stress by crossing them with ob/ob mice or BATless mice, or feeding them a high-fat diet, results in hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. We also observe a striking reduction in adipose inflammation and increase in adiponectin levels in all three models. This appears to reflect reduced activation of the inflammasome and less adipocyte death. These findings highlight the importance of Fsp27 in facilitating optimal energy storage in adipocytes and represent a rare example where adipose inflammation and hepatic insulin resistance are disassociated.
A proposal for the experimental detection of CSL induced random walk
Authors: Bera Sayantani , Motwani Bhawna , Singh Tejinder P. , Ulbricht Hendrik
Published: January 2015

Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) is one possible explanation for dynamically induced collapse of the wave-function during a quantum measurement. The collapse is mediated by a stochastic non-linear modification of the Schrödinger equation. A consequence of the CSL mechanism is an extremely tiny violation of energy-momentum conservation, which can, in principle, be detected in the laboratory via the random diffusion of a particle induced by the stochastic collapse mechanism. In a paper in 2003, Collett and Pearle investigated the translational CSL diffusion of a sphere and the rotational CSL diffusion of a disc and showed that this effect dominates over the ambient environmental noise at low temperatures and extremely low pressures (about ten-thousandth of a pico-Torr). In the present paper, we revisit their analysis and argue that this stringent condition on pressure can be relaxed and that the CSL effect can be seen at the pressure of about a pico-Torr. A similar analysis is provided for diffusion produced by gravity-induced decoherence, where the effect is typically much weaker than CSL. We also discuss the CSL induced random displacement of a quantum oscillator. Lastly, we propose possible experimental set-ups justifying that CSL diffusion is indeed measurable with the current technology.
Rapid biodiagnostic ex vivo imaging at 1 μm pixel resolution with thermal source FTIR FPA
Authors: Findlay C. R. , Wiens R. , Rak M. , Sedlmair J. , Hirschmugl C. J. , Morrison Jason , Mundy C. J. , Kansiz M. , Gough K. M.
Published: January 2015

Novel high spatial resolution (1 × 1 μm pixel) FTIR imaging with commercial benchtop instrument yields data comparable to that from synchrotron sources.
Pre-equilibration kinetic size-exclusion chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (peKSEC-MS) for label-free solution-based kinetic analysis of protein–small molecule interactions
Authors: Bao Jiayin , Krylova Svetlana M. , Cherney Leonid T. , Le Blanc J. C. Yves , Pribil Patrick , Johnson Philip E. , Wilson Derek J. , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: January 2015

Label-free solution-based kinetic analysis of reversible binding between protein and small molecule.
A novel micro pressurized liquid extraction method for very rapid solid sample preparation
Authors: Alkhateeb Fadi L. , Thurbide Kevin B.
Published: January 2015

A novel micro pressurized liquid extraction (μPLE) method is introduced, which employs rapid heating in a static mode to remove analytes from 5–10 mg samples in as little as 10 seconds using only 125 μL of solvent.
A validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the quantification of tinoridine hydrochloride in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Kalariya Pradipbhai D. , Patel Prinesh N. , Swamy Challa Veerabhadra , Srinivas R. , Talluri M. V. N. Kumar
Published: January 2015

A selective, sensitive and fast liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method (LC-MS) has been developed and validated for the quantification of tinoridine hydrochloride in rat plasma.
The in vitro identification and quantification of volatile biomarkers released by cystic fibrosis pathogens
Authors: Gilchrist F. J. , Španěl P. , Smith D. , Lenney W.
Published: January 2015

The in vitro identification of volatile biomarkers is the first stage in the development of an exhaled breath test for the identification of a cystic fibrosis pathogen.
Understanding viral neuraminidase inhibition by substituted difluorosialic acids
Authors: Weck S. , Robinson K. , Smith M. R. , Withers S. G.
Published: January 2015

Slow turnover of the inactivated neuraminidase formed upon reaction with DFSA inhibitors containing a guanidine is shown not to be a consequence of inherent inductive effects but tight binding.
Enhanced reactivity of dendrons in the Passerini three-component reaction
Authors: Jee Jo-Ann , Song Shuang , Rudick Jonathan G.
Published: January 2015

An unexpected substituent effect that accelerates Passerini reactions in THF has enabled the synthesis of three generations of dendrimers.
Effect of HPMC concentration on crystal habit of nifedipine
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Thipparaboina Rajesh , Modi Sameer R , Bansal Arvind K , Shastri Nalini R
Published: January 2015

Non-polar surface area increased and polar energy decreased resulting in reduction in dissolution rate upon increasing HPMC concentration, from 0% w/v (Nif-0) to 0.6% w/v (Nif-6).
Metal organic framework synthesis in the presence of surfactants: towards hierarchical MOFs?
Authors: Seoane B. , Dikhtiarenko A. , Mayoral A. , Tellez C. , Coronas J. , Kapteijn F. , Gascon J.
Published: January 2015

We report the effect of synthesis parameters on the textural properties of Al based MOFs synthesized in the presence CTAB.
How polymer additives reduce the pour point of hydrocarbon solvents containing wax crystals
Authors: Binks Bernard P. , Fletcher Paul D. I. , Roberts Noel A. , Dunkerley John , Greenfield Hannah , Mastrangelo Antonio , Trickett Kieran
Published: January 2015

We show how polymer additives reduce the pour point temperature of wax solutions in hydrocarbon solvents.
Laser-induced fluorescence of free diamondoid molecules
Authors: Richter Robert , Röhr Merle I. S. , Zimmermann Tobias , Petersen Jens , Heidrich Christoph , Rahner Ramon , Möller Thomas , Dahl Jeremy E. , Carlson Robert M. K. , Mitric Roland , Rander Torbjörn , Merli Andrea
Published: January 2015

We report on the laser-induced fluorescence of diamondoids in the gas phase. The spectra show well defined vibrational structure, whose complex nature is assigned with the help of TDDFT computations.
Proton transfer in a short hydrogen bond caused by solvation shell fluctuations: an ab initio MD and NMR/UV study of an (OHO)− bonded system
Authors: Pylaeva Svetlana , Allolio Christoph , Koeppe Benjamin , Denisov Gleb S. , Limbach Hans-Heinrich , Sebastiani Daniel , Tolstoy Peter M.
Published: January 2015

The polar aprotic solvent fluctuations in the first solvation shell lead to a double-well potential and proton tautomerism in a low-barrier hydrogen bond.
Control of selectivity in allylic alcohol oxidation on gold surfaces: the role of oxygen adatoms and hydroxyl species
Authors: Mullen Gregory M. , Zhang Liang , Evans Edward J. , Yan Ting , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: January 2015

Gold catalysts display high activity and good selectivity for partial oxidation of a number of alcohol species.
Hierarchical molecular dynamics of bovine serum albumin in concentrated aqueous solution below and above thermal denaturation
Authors: Grimaldo Marco , Roosen-Runge Felix , Hennig Marcus , Zanini Fabio , Zhang Fajun , Jalarvo Niina , Zamponi Michaela , Schreiber Frank , Seydel Tilo
Published: January 2015

Quasi-elastic neutron scattering provides a detailed microscopic picture of the global and internal protein dynamics reflecting thermally induced structural changes.
Chemistry specificity of DNA–polycation complex salt response: a simulation study of DNA, polylysine and polyethyleneimine
Authors: Antila Hanne S. , Härkönen Marc , Sammalkorpi Maria
Published: January 2015

Molecular dynamics is used to study how polycation chemistry and charge per length affect the salt tolerance of DNA–polycation complexes.
Quasi-particle energies and optical excitations of hydrogenated and fluorinated germanene
Authors: Shu Huabing , Li Yunhai , Wang Shudong , Wang Jinlan
Published: January 2015

Using density functional theory, the G0W0 method and Bethe–Salpeter equation calculations, we systematically explore the structural, electronic and optical properties of hydrogenated and fluorinated germanene.
An operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of carbon deposition on SOFC anodes
Authors: Li Xiaxi , Liu Mingfei , Lee Jung-pil , Ding Dong , Bottomley Lawrence A. , Park Soojin , Liu Meilin
Published: January 2015

Thermally robust SERS probes enable the study of coking kinetics on the nickel surface at early stages and at the Ni–YSZ interface.
Planar pentacoordinate carbons in CBe54− derivatives
Authors: Grande-Aztatzi Rafael , Cabellos José Luis , Islas Rafael , Infante Ivan , Mercero José M. , Restrepo Albeiro , Merino Gabriel
Published: January 2015

Ab initio computations show that the global minimum structure of the CBe5Linn−4 clusters (n = 1 to 5) contains a planar pentacoordinate carbon atom.
Promotion effect of Fe in mordenite zeolite on carbonylation of dimethyl ether to methyl acetate
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhu Wenliang , Shi Lei , Liu Hongchao , Liu Shiping , Xu Shutao , Ni Youming , Liu Yong , Li Lina , Liu Zhongmin
Published: January 2015

Fe-modified mordenite samples were synthesized and employed in dimethyl ether carbonylation reaction, resulting in an evident improvement of the stability.
Biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and prospects toward green chemistry
Authors: Adil Syed Farooq , Assal Mohamed E. , Khan Mujeeb , Al-Warthan Abdulrahman , Siddiqui Mohammed Rafiq H. , Liz-Marzán Luis M.
Published: January 2015

The immense importance of nanoparticles and growing concerns of environmental impact motivate the exploration of new greener synthetic techniques.
A new strategy for simultaneously enhancing nonlinear optical response and electron stability in novel cup–saucer+–cage−-shaped sandwich electride molecules with an excess electron protected inside the cage
Authors: Wang Jia-Jun , Zhou Zhong-Jun , Bai Yang , He Hui-Min , Wu Di , Li Ying , Li Zhi-Ru , Zhang Hong-Xing
Published: January 2015

A new strategy of utilizing the cage size effect for simultaneously enhancing the β0 and the VIP.
Strategy to enhance solid-state fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect in pyrimidine boron complexes
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Kasatani Kouhei , Takai Hiroki , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki
Published: January 2015

Although non-, trifluoromethyl-, and cyano-substituted derivatives showed AIEE effects, methoxy- and dimethylamino-substituted analogues resulted in relatively strong fluorescence in solution.
Uninterrupted galvanic reaction for scalable and rapid synthesis of metallic and bimetallic sponges/dendrites as efficient catalysts for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Kumar Barman Barun , Kar Nanda Karuna
Published: January 2015

Here, we demonstrate an uninterrupted galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) for the synthesis of metallic (Ag, Cu and Sn) and bimetallic (Cu–M, MAg, Au, Pt and Pd) sponges/dendrites by sacrificing the low reduction potential metals (Mg in our case) in acidic medium.
One-dimensional lanthanide coordination polymers: synthesis, structures, and single-ion magnetic behaviour
Authors: Feng Hung-Kai , Huang Po-Jung , Tsai Hui-Lien
Published: January 2015

The one-dimensional Dy coordination polymer displays a single-ion magnetic behaviour with a narrow distribution of relaxation under a dc field.
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of luminescent tantalum(v)-β-diketonate complexes and their use as optical sensors and the preparation of nanostructured Ta2O5
Authors: Ramos Ana P. , dos Reis Dayane C. O. , Pereira Rafael R. , Dias Luis G. , Gonçalves Rogéria R.
Published: January 2015

This work proposes a simple and inexpensive method to prepare a new series of β-diketonate-tantalum complexes.
“3 + 1 = 6 + 2” in Cu(ii) coordination chemistry of 1H-pyrazole aza cryptands
Authors: Pitarch-Jarque Javier , Belda Raquel , Lloret Francesc , Ferrando-Soria Jesús , Navarro Pilar , Lopera Alberto , García-España Enrique
Published: January 2015

We report the first example of a cryptand able to form 6 + 2 Cu(ii)-ligand dimeric hexanuclear complexes, both in the solid state and in aqueous solution, by simply combining the metal and the ligand in a 3 : 1 molar ratio.
Mesoporous Mn–Zr composite oxides with a crystalline wall: synthesis, characterization and application
Authors: Miao Zhichao , Zhao Huahua , Yang Jian , Zhao Jun , Song Huanling , Chou Lingjun
Published: January 2015

Mesoporous Mn–Zr composite oxides with a crystalline wall and different manganese contents were designed and achieved by a facile EISA strategy.
Amorphous MoSxCly electrocatalyst supported by vertical graphene for efficient electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Xingwang , Meng Fei , Mao Shun , Ding Qi , Shearer Melinda J. , Faber Matthew S. , Chen Junhong , Hamers Robert J. , Jin Song
Published: January 2015

Amorphous MoSxCly electrocatalyst on vertical graphene shows high catalytic performance for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation.
Reduction of microbial contamination from drinking water using an iron oxide nanoparticle-impregnated ultrafiltration mixed matrix membrane: preparation, characterization and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Mukherjee Munmun , De Sirshendu
Published: January 2015

Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared and mixed in polyacrylonitrile to produce an ultrafiltration flat sheet mixed matrix membrane with high flux and adequate antimicrobial properties.
Shared structural features of the 9aaTAD family in complex with CBP
Authors: Piskacek Martin , Vasku Anna , Hajek Roman , Knight Andrea
Published: January 2015

Analysis of E2A, MLL, FOXO3 and p53 structural data defines fundamental requirements and sheds light on the ambiguous 9aaTAD domain.
A pyrene based Schiff base probe for selective fluorescence turn-on detection of Hg2+ ions with live cell application
Authors: Shellaiah Muthaiah , Rajan Yesudoss Christu , Balu Perumal , Murugan Arumugam
Published: January 2015

A novel pyrene based free thiol containing a Schiff base derivative PT1 was synthesized and reported as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for Hg2+ ions, via CHEF and excimer (PT1-PT1*) formation with live cell imaging.
Asymmetric Michael addition of α-fluoro-α-nitro esters to nitroolefins: towards synthesis of α-fluoro-α-substituted amino acids
Authors: Kwiatkowski Jacek , Lu Yixin
Published: January 2015

α-Fluoro-α-nitro esters were used as reaction partners in Michael addition to nitroalkenes, and the products were obtained in excellent chemical yields and with high enantioselectivities.
Dual role for alkali metal cations in enhancing the low-temperature radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide
Authors: Hirano Tomohiro , Saito Tatsuya , Kurano Yoshitaka , Miwa Yohei , Oshimura Miyuki , Ute Koichi
Published: January 2015

Alkali metal cations, including the Li+cation, have been proposed to play a dual role in radical polymerization ofN,N-dimethylacrylamide.
Thermoresponsive polyelectrolytes derived from ionic liquids
Authors: Kohno Yuki , Saita Shohei , Men Yongjun , Yuan Jiayin , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: January 2015

In this review we summarise recent progress on the design, properties, and potential applications of ionic liquid-derived polyelectrolytes showing thermoresponsive phase behaviour after mixing with water or other organic solvents.
A synthetic strategy for the preparation of sub-100 nm functional polymer particles of uniform diameter
Authors: Killops Kato L. , Rodriguez Christina G. , Lundberg Pontus , Hawker Craig J. , Lynd Nathaniel A.
Published: January 2015

An amphiphilic block copolymer surfactant is used to impart modifiable surface functionality to polymer nanoparticles synthesized via emulsion polymerization.
Heterogeneous photodegradation of mesotrione in nano α-Fe2O3/oxalate system under UV light irradiation
Authors: Chen Tianming , Zhang Yanqiu , Yan Jinlong , Ding Cheng , Yin Chuntao , Liu Hui
Published: January 2015

The application of a photo-Fenton-like system, consisting of nano α-Fe2O3/oxalate complex under UV light irradiation, to herbicide mesotrione was investigated.
Improving poling efficiency by synthesizing a nonlinear optical chromophore containing two asymmetric non-conjugated D–π–A chains
Authors: Cong Shengyu , Zhang Airui , Liu Fenggang , Yang Dan , Zhang Maolin , Bo Shuhui , Liu Xinhou , Qiu Ling , Zhen Zhen
Published: January 2015

To improve the poling efficiency of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, we have designed and synthesized a chromophore containing two asymmetric donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) chains.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of peptides isolated from a hydrolysate of an egg-yolk protein by-product prepared with a proteinase from Asian pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia)
Authors: Zambrowicz Aleksandra , Eckert Ewelina , Pokora Marta , Bobak Łukasz , Dąbrowska Anna , Szołtysik Marek , Trziszka Tadeusz , Chrzanowska Józefa
Published: January 2015

Peptides isolated from egg yolk protein by-product hydrolysate prepared with unconventional proteinase from Cucurbita ficifolia exert multiple biological activities.
Magnetically retrievable lepidocrocite supported copper oxide nanocatalyst (Fe–CuO) for N-arylation of imidazole
Authors: Sivakami R. , Babu S. Ganesh , Dhanuskodi S. , Karvembu R.
Published: January 2015

A novel magnetically separable Fe–CuO is prepared by a simple precipitation method and is found to be an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for ligand-free N-arylation reaction.
Development of a compact label-free small molecule measurement system using a periodically nanostructured sensor substrate
Authors: Yokoyama K. , Oishi M. , Oshima M.
Published: January 2015

Compact label-free small molecule measurement system with visible light.
Cross-linking process of cis-polybutadiene rubber with peroxides studied by two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy: a detailed tracking
Authors: Liu Xifei , Zhou Tao , Liu Yongcheng , Zhang Aiming , Yuan Canyao , Zhang Weidong
Published: January 2015

Detailed mechanism of cis-BR cross-linking with peroxides was studied using PCMD2D and 2D correlation FTIR, and a 5-step process was determined.
Exfoliated MoS2 supported Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles with core–shell structures and superior peroxidase-like activities
Authors: Sun Zhen , Zhao Qingshan , Zhang Guanghui , Li Yang , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: January 2015

The preparation of Au–Pd/MoS2 hybrids and evolutions of absorbance spectra changes at 652 nm with different Au–Pd mass ratios.
Carbon-supported hollow palladium nanoparticles with enhanced electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Chen Dong , Cui Penglei , He Hongyan , Liu Hui , Ye Feng , Yang Jun
Published: January 2015

A facile route was demonstrated for the synthesis of carbon-supported hollow structured Pd nanoparticles with enhanced electrocatalytic properties.
Enhanced electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid using a two-layer gas diffusion electrode in a microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Wang Qinian , Dong Heng , Yu Hongbing , Yu Han , Liu Minghui
Published: January 2015

Using a two-layer gas diffusion electrode for ERCF in MEC, the Faraday efficiency was improved by 36.1%.
Effect of polar surface on the growth of Au
Authors: Xue Mingshan , Guo Jiandong , Guo Qinlin
Published: January 2015

The Au particles are more thermally stable on faceted MgO(111) than on MgO(100).
A brief case study demonstrating the applicability of MALDI mass spectrometry for detecting bacteria in dental samples
Authors: Gopal Judy , Wu Hui-Fen
Published: January 2015

MALDI-MS detection of bacteria in dental infection.
Design of oligoaziridine-PEG coatings for efficient nanogold cellular biotagging
Authors: Silva A. Sofia , Bonifácio Vasco D. B. , Raje Vivek P. , Branco Paula S. , Machado Paulo F. B. , Correia Ilídio J. , Aguiar-Ricardo Ana
Published: January 2015

Biocompatible oligoaziridine-PEG coated gold nanoparticles overcome self-quenching while targeting the cell nucleus. The course of gold biotags within the cell's environment was tracked through confocal laser microscopy.
Acyl transfer reactions of carbohydrates, alcohols, phenols, thiols and thiophenols under green reaction conditions
Authors: Giri Santosh Kumar , Kartha K. P. Ravindranathan
Published: January 2015

Acyl transfer reactions of various carbohydrates, alcohols, phenols, thiols and thiophenols were achieved at room temperature in high yields and catalytic efficiency in the presence of methane sulfonic acid, a green organic acid, under solvent-free conditions over short time periods.
A cross-age study of science student teachers' chemistry attitudes
Authors: Çalık Muammer , Ültay Neslihan , Kolomuç Ali , Aytar Ayşe
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of some variables (gender and year of study) on science student teachers' (SSTs) chemistry attitudes. An adapted version of Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Questionnaire was administered to 983 SSTs drawn from four different universities in the region of Eastern Black Sea, Turkey. Significant differences between genders' mean scores of the CAEQ indicate that the females somewhat develop stronger positive attitudes towards chemistry than do the males. Furthermore, because the first year of the study generally had the highest mean scores of the three subscales of the CAEQ, it can be deduced that tertiary education lacks improving the SSTs' positive chemistry attitudes to a satisfied level and/or a large effect size. Hence, its attitudinal quality should be intimately inquired.
Modified carbon nanotubes by KMnO4 supported iron Fischer–Tropsch catalyst for the direct conversion of syngas to lower olefins
Authors: Wang Di , Zhou Xiangping , Ji Jian , Duan Xuezhi , Qian Gang , Zhou Xinggui , Chen De , Yuan Weikang
Published: January 2015

The Fe/MnK-CNTs catalyst not only is more active and stable, but also shows higher selectivity of hydrocarbons especially for the lower olefins.
Retransformed graphitic activated carbon from ionic liquid-derived carbon containing nitrogen
Authors: Kim Mok-Hwa , Yun Sol , Park Ho Seok , Han Joong Tark , Kim Kwang-Bum , Roh Kwang Chul
Published: January 2015

Carbonization and chemical activation of an ionic liquid are demonstrated to produce an outstanding structural combination of an unexpectedly high surface area and a graphitic structure.
A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for ClO−targeting in mitochondria and its application in vivo
Authors: Xiao Hongde , Li Jianhui , Zhao Jin , Yin Gui , Quan Yiwu , Wang Jie , Wang Ruiyong
Published: January 2015

A colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe PMN–TPP for imaging mitochondrial ClO−was prepared. The probe performed well in detecting ClO−in the mitochondria of living RAW264.7 macrophage cells and a living nude mouse.
Tuning the photonic properties of chiral nematic mesoporous organosilica with hydrogen-bonded liquid-crystalline assemblies
Authors: Giese Michael , Krappitz Tim , Dong Ronald Y. , Michal Carl A. , Hamad Wadood Y. , Patrick Brian O. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: January 2015

The thermochromic behaviour of chiral nematic mesoporous organosilica hybrids infiltrated with hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals was investigated by polarized optical microscopy, UV-vis and CD-spectroscopy.
Feedforward and Feedback Control in Apraxia of Speech: Effects of Noise Masking on Vowel Production
Authors: Maas Edwin , Mailend Marja-Liisa , Guenther Frank H.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

This study was designed to test two hypotheses about apraxia of speech (AOS) derived from the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) model (Guenther et al., 2006): the feedforward system deficit hypothesis and the feedback system deficit hypothesis.

Method

The authors used noise masking to minimize auditory feedback during speech. Six speakers with AOS and aphasia, 4 with aphasia without AOS, and 2 groups of speakers without impairment (younger and older adults) participated. Acoustic measures of vowel contrast, variability, and duration were analyzed.

Results

Younger, but not older, speakers without impairment showed significantly reduced vowel contrast with noise masking. Relative to older controls, the AOS group showed longer vowel durations overall (regardless of masking condition) and a greater reduction in vowel contrast under masking conditions. There were no significant differences in variability. Three of the 6 speakers with AOS demonstrated the group pattern. Speakers with aphasia without AOS did not differ from controls in contrast, duration, or variability.

Conclusion

The greater reduction in vowel contrast with masking noise for the AOS group is consistent with the feedforward system deficit hypothesis but not with the feedback system deficit hypothesis; however, effects were small and not present in all individual speakers with AOS. Theoretical implications and alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.
Properties of memristive circuits with mixed‐mode oscillations
Authors: Marszalek W. , Trzaska Z.W.
Published: January 2015

New results and properties of recently proposed autonomous memristive circuits with mixed‐mode oscillations (MMOs) comprising both large and small amplitude oscillations (LAOs and SAOs) are presented. Certain important properties of these circuits, such as period estimation, determination of variables’ values when SAOs occur and an extension to memristive MMOs circuits with zero initial conditions are examined.
Pulse‐induction metal detector with time‐domain bucking circuit for landmine detection
Authors: Kim Bobae , Yoon Jung Won , Lee Seung‐eui , Han Seung‐Hoon , Kim Kangwook
Published: January 2015

A novel pulse‐induction (PI) metal detector (MD) is proposed to decrease the saturation time of the output voltage and increase the detection depth. The proposed MD utilises a receiver with a time‐domain bucking circuit. The bucking circuit decreases the output voltage significantly without a target, so that the output voltage can be amplified more before becoming saturated. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed MD, it has been fabricated and measured. The measured output voltage shows that the saturation time is reduced and that the detection depth increases in comparison with a conventional PI MD.
On maximising tag reading efficiency of a multi‐packet reception capable radio frequency identification reader
Authors: Pudasaini Subodh , Kwak Kyung Sup , Shin Seokjoo
Published: January 2015

Maximising the tag reading rate of a reader is one of the most important design objectives in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems as it is inversely proportional to the time required to completely read all the tags within the reader's radio field. To this end, numerous techniques have been independently suggested so far and they can be broadly categorised into pure advancements in the link‐layer tag anti‐collision protocols and pure advancements in the physical‐layer RF signal reception model. This study shows by rigorous mathematical analysis and Monte‐Carlo simulations that how those two independent approaches can be coupled to maximise the tag reading efficiency in an RFID system, considering a slotted Aloha‐based dynamic link‐layer anti‐collision protocol at tags and a multi‐packet reception capable RF reception model at the reader.
Low‐complexity iteration‐based interference cancellation in asynchronous physical‐layer network coding
Authors: Li Yixin , Zheng Fu‐Chun
Published: January 2015

When two terminals exchange information through an intermediate relay, physical‐layer network coding (PLNC) improves the spectrum efficiency by allowing cocurrent packet transmission. Synchronisation is one of the most important issues in distributed wireless communications systems. In time‐domain (TD)‐based PLNC, signals transmitted from user terminals may arrive the relay at different time. The fractional symbol level delay will introduces inter‐symbol interference because of the use of practical pulse‐shaping and matched‐filter. Orthogonal‐frequency division‐multiplexing (OFDM) can be used to deal with time asynchrony. However, OFDM systems are very sensitive to carrier frequency offsets, which will introduce inter‐carrier interference. In this study, a novel low‐complexity symbol‐based decoding iterative interference cancellation schemes are proposed for TD‐based and OFDM‐based PLNC. Signals from two sources are separately decoded, and interference is reconstructed and eliminated. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed scheme with over just one iteration can significantly improve the bit error rate performance.
Minimum number of antennas and degrees of freedom of multiple‐input–multiple‐output multi‐user two‐way relay X channels
Authors: Kim Tae‐Hoon , Jin Dong‐Sup , Kim Jaehong , No Jong‐Seon , Chung Habong
Published: January 2015

In this study, the minimum number of antennas at each user is derived to obtain 2M2 degrees of freedom (DOF) in the M × 1 × M multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) multi‐user two‐way relay X channels. Based on the design of beamforming vectors for the conventional signal space alignment scheme, it is shown that each user needs at least ⌈M2 − (M/2)⌉ antennas to obtain DOF 2M2 with the relay having M2 antennas. As the number of users increases, the number of antennas also increases, which makes the implementation difficult. In an effort to reduce the number of antennas, the authors propose a new beamforming scheme of MIMO multi‐user two‐way relay X channels using the time extension. Through the numerical analysis, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme with time extension is a good alternative scheme to replace the conventional scheme.
Spectral efficiency analysis of large‐scale distributed antenna system in a composite correlated Rayleigh fading channel
Authors: Li Jiamin , Wang Dongming , Zhu Pengcheng , You Xiaohu
Published: January 2015

In this study, the downlink spectral efficiency of multi‐cell multi‐user large‐scale distributed antenna systems (DASs) with pilot contamination is studied in a composite correlated Rayleigh fading channel. Firstly, under a physical channel model, the equivalent channel model of large‐scale DAS with pilot contamination is given. Secondly, based on the equivalent channel model, the closed‐form expression is derived for the downlink achievable rate with maximum ratio transmission, and the ultimate rate is also given when the ratio of the total number of base station antennas to the number of users goes to infinity. Thirdly, the results are validated via numerical simulations. It is shown that the closed‐form expression is very accurate, and the downlink achievable rate of the large‐scale DAS is much larger than that of the co‐located massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) with the same antenna configuration.
Performance analysis of distributed turbo coded scheme with two ordered best relays
Authors: Kaya Hakan , Öztürk Ertan
Published: January 2015

In this study, the authors propose a distributed turbo coded (DTC) scheme utilising two best relays selected among multi‐relays. In this scheme, the considered turbo encoder is a rate 1/3 parallel concatenated code composed of two recursive systematic convolutional codes. The systematic information sequence is transmitted directly to a destination, whereas the two parity sequences, one of which is interleaved, are transmitted through the two selected best relays. The authors derive a union bound for the frame error rate including an upper bounded closed form expression for the pairwise error probability of the DTC scheme with two ordered best relays (DTC‐TBR) by utilising order of statistic, then the authors verify the analytical expression by simulations. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the DTC scheme with a single best relay (DTC‐SBR) because of the more selection gain of the DTC‐TBR compared with those of DTC‐SBR with the rise of number of relays.