bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of strain transfer model for steel-reinforced optical fiber cable embedded in a cylindrical concrete beam with two void inclusions
Authors: Kabbara Mira , Chapeleau Xavier , Zhang Qinghua , Bourquin Frédéric
Published: October 2024

In distributed optical fiber sensors, strain transfer is usually described through a simplified one-dimensional equation, derived from continuum mechanics. This equation, in which a parameter known as the strain-lag parameter takes into account the cable’s geometric and mechanical characteristics, establishes a relationship between the measured longitudinal strain profile within the optical fiber and the real strain profile occurring in the host material. In the case of steel-reinforced optical fiber cables, appreciated for their resistance to breakage during on-site instrumentation, a notable discrepancy between the measured and actual strain profiles is revealed especially in the presence of a strain gradient, indicating that the ability to transfer strain from the host material to the optical fiber is restrained using this type of cable. This paper assesses numerically the strain transfer model for steel-reinforced optical fiber sensors in the presence of a strain gradient generated by two void inclusions in a concrete beam. The good accuracy of the strain transfer model is observed by the comparison with a 3D finite element simulation. However, the result points out the critical necessity of precisely determining the strain-lag parameter.
Refractive index and thickness analysis of planar interfaces by prism coupling technique
Authors: Lourenço Paulo , Vygranenko Yuri , Fernandes Miguel , Fantoni Alessandro , Vieira Manuela
Published: October 2024

Since 2022, various foundries are offering the manufacture of integrated photonic structures for the visible spectrum. As this technology continues to enter the market, there will be an increasing demand for accurate optical and dimensional characterization of these structures. To meet this demand, we have developed a highly precise optical characterization system based on the prism coupling technique, also known as m-lines spectroscopy, to investigate the optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride planar waveguides deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. In this work, by combining visible spectroscopy with the prism coupling technique to excite modes that propagate resonantly in the waveguide via frustrated total internal reflection, using either parallel or perpendicularly polarized light beams, we were able to analyze the waveguide properties of silicon nitride thin films with an interfacial oxide layer. Furthermore, through numerical simulation of the bilayer structure, we calculate the waveguide’s refractive index and thickness, and determine the characteristics of the interfaces in terms of refractive index and thickness.
Lighting preferences of Iberian sausages for Spanish observers
Authors: Okuda Shino , Nagata Masahito , Okajima Katsunori , Rodríguez-Pulido Francisco José , Heredia Francisco José , Ortega-Velázquez Rocío , Gaviño-Nadal María Dolores , Casado-González Jesús , García Pedro Antonio , Rivas María José , Tejada-Casado María , Yebra Ana , Melgosa Manuel
Published: October 2024

We report results of a visual experiment performed by 20 adult Spanish observers using calibrated images of 18 samples of sliced Iberian sausages under 15 illuminations, including 8 illuminants proposed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and 7 light sources found in meat sections of supermarkets in Spain and Japan. Visual results from the pair comparison and magnitude estimation psychophysical methods used in our experiment showed a high correlation (Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient r = 0.915). Illumination strongly influenced color preferences of sliced Iberian sausages. For example, using the magnitude estimation method, the average lighting preferences changed about 2.8/10 for the 15 illuminations tested. There were no statistically significant differences between lighting preferences for different kind of sausages. Exploring quality indices of white lights, we found that the correlated color temperature and gamut area index (Color Res. Appl. 33, 192-202, 2008) provided the highest linear correlations with visual preferences in our current experiment. Lights with correlated color temperatures below 3000 K or gamut area indices below 70 were not preferred. The CIE general color rendering and color fidelity indices provided poor predictions of visual preferences in our current experiment.
A LiDAR based obstacle detection framework for railway
Authors: Dias Susana , Sousa Pedro , Afonso Francisco , Viriato Nuno , Tavares Paulo , Moreira Pedro
Published: October 2024

Obstacle detection on the railway, a crucial operational safety concern, is a complex task that encompasses a multitude of challenges. While Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are commonly employed in analogous applications such as autonomous car driving [1] [2], the railway field faces a significant barrier due to the scarcity of available data (particularly images), rendering conventional ML approaches impractical.

In response to this challenge, this study proposes and evaluates a framework which uses LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data for obstacle detection on the railways. The framework aims to address the limitations posed by image data scarcity while enhancing operational safety in railway environments.

The developed methodology combines the use of a long-range LiDAR capable of detecting obstacles at distances of up to 500 meters, with the train’s GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates to accurately determine its position relative to detected obstacles. The LiDAR data is processed using a data fusion approach, where pre-existing knowledge regarding the track topography is combined with a clustering algorithm, specifically DBSCAN (Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise), to identify and classify potential obstacles at a pre-defined distance.

Tests of the proposed framework were conducted within the confines of a moving locomotive, specifically the CP 2600-2620 series, along a designated section of the Contumil-Leixões line. These tests served to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach under real-world operating conditions.

Overall, the utilization of LiDAR data coupled with advanced algorithms presents a promising avenue for enhancing obstacle detection capabilities in railway operations. By overcoming the challenges associated with data scarcity, this framework holds the potential to significantly improve operational safety and efficiency within railway networks. Further research and testing are warranted to validate the framework’s performance across diverse railway environments and operating conditions.
Design and fabrication of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on EpoClad and EpoCore strip waveguides
Authors: Magalhães Tiago E.C. , Borme Jérôme , Douglas Temple , Maibohm Christian , Nieder Jana B.
Published: October 2024

Integrated polymeric optical interferometers offer the possibility of developing sensors with low cost, scalability, and easy integration. Although they are not yet competitive with inorganic materials in terms of sensitivity, they have good biocompatibility in general, and suitable designs may provide sufficient sensitivity for biosensing. A new design for integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on asymmetric arms with different widths has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated, avoiding the need for additional fabrication steps for an interaction window where biosamples are placed. The basic sensory principle is built upon the non-zero variation in the difference of the effective refractive index between the two arms due to their different dimensions, causing a phase variation in the output signal. In this work, we present a design optimization method and fabrication results by e-beam lithography for integrated asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on strip waveguides made from EpoClad and EpoCore polymers. The operation wavelength was set to 650 nm. The optimization algorithm is based on open-source mode-solver simulations that return the optimal fabrication dimensions of the interferometer, avoiding high-order modes and enhancing single-mode confinement.
Adaptive PSO-SO algorithm with Sobol sequence for aerodynamic physical parameter identification of projectiles
Authors: Yang Baolu , Wang Liang-ming , Fu Jian
Published: October 2024

In the domain of aerodynamic physical parameter identification, conventional optimization algorithms are often limited by falling into local optima. To overcome this limitation, a novel adaptive PSO-SO algorithm based on Sobol sequences (SAPSO-SO) algorithm is proposed in this study. The algorithm integrates particle swarm optimization algorithms and snake optimization algorithms, utilizing Sobol sequences for initialization, which enhances the global search and local development ability of the algorithm by adaptively adjusting the inertia weights and learning factors. In addition, this study introduced a local optimal discriminant mechanism and a local search function to further enhance the optimization performance of the algorithms. In this study, the small interval constant method was used to subdivide the trajectory, relying on the three-degree-of-freedom ballistic model to identify the starting ballistic parameters and aerodynamic physical parameters of each small interval. The performances of the snake optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, C-K method, and SAPSO-SO algorithm in the identification of ballistic physical parameters were compared using the full ballistic simulation data of a high-speed rotating projectile as measurement data. The results show that the SAPSO-SO algorithm demonstrates excellent accuracy and effectiveness, especially in noisy simulation data, where its recognition accuracy is improved by 7.79% over the C-K method, highlighting its superior anti-noise performance and global optimization capability. It is comprehensively analyzed that the SAPSO-SO algorithm has strong global optimization potential in theory and shows a high degree of accuracy and stability in practical applications, independent of the selection of initial parameters.
Gain and loss: reflection on the rapid development of National Wetland Parks in China
Authors: Lei Yinru , Cui Lijuan , Li Wei , Guo Ziliang , Zhang Manyin , Paul Swapan , Finlayson C. Max
Published: October 2024

Context National Wetland Parks (NWPs) are a unique form of protected areas in China that have experienced a rapid increase in number from zero to more than 900 over the past two decades. Aims We examine the underlying causes of the boom in NWPs and assess their far-reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts. Methods Utilising GIS information and vector maps, we analysed the spatial distribution of pilot and approved NWPs from 2005 to 2019. Document analysis was employed to explore resource-orientated and legal drivers that have prompted the growth of NWPs. Key results China’s NWPs developed in three phases, namely, the exploration phase (2005–2007), the expansion phase (2008–2014) and the normalisation phase (2015–present). The demand for outdoor recreation and improved wetland legislation were the primary facilitators for the growth of NWPs. Conclusions The expansion of NWPs is an important contributor to nature conservation and ecological civilisation, yielding a range of ecological, economic and social benefits. Implications China’s experiences in NWPs offers valuable lessons and implications for global nature conservation. Implementing a long-term management mechanism for NWPs is recommended to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
Single-vesicle imaging reveals actin-dependent spatial restriction of vesicles at the active zone, essential for sustained transmission
Authors: Miki Takafumi , Okamoto Yuji , Ueno-Umegai Miyuki , Toyofuku Rio , Hattori Shun , Sakaba Takeshi
Published: October 2024

Synaptic-vesicle (SV) recruitment is thought to maintain reliable neurotransmitter release during high-frequency signaling. However, the mechanism underlying the SV reloading for sustained neurotransmission at central synapses remains unknown. To elucidate this, we performed direct observations of SV reloading and mobility at a single-vesicle level near the plasma membrane in cerebellar mossy fiber terminals using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, together with simultaneous recordings of membrane fusion by capacitance measurements. We found that actin disruption abolished the rapid SV recruitment and reduced sustained release. In contrast, induction of actin polymerization and stabilization did not affect vesicle recruitment and release, suggesting that the presence of actin filaments, rather than actin dynamics, was required for the rapid recruitment. Single-particle tracking experiments of quantum dot-labeled vesicles, which allows nanoscale resolution of vesicle mobility, revealed that actin disruption caused vesicles to diffuse more rapidly. Hidden Markov modeling with Bayesian inference revealed that SVs had two diffusion states under normal conditions: free-diffusing and trapped. After disruption of the actin filament, vesicles tended to have only the free-diffusing state. F-actin staining showed that actin filaments were localized outside the active zones (AZs) and surrounded some SV trajectories. Perturbation of SV mobility, possibly through interference with biomolecular condensates, also suggested that the restricted diffusion state determined the rate of SV recruitment. We propose that actin filaments confined SVs near the AZ to achieve rapid and efficient recruitment followed by priming and sustained synaptic transmission.
A role for cross-linking proteins in actin filament network organization and force generation
Authors: Hill Jennifer M. , Cai Songlin , Carver Michael D. , Drubin David G.
Published: October 2024

The high turgor pressure across the plasma membrane of yeasts creates a requirement for substantial force production by actin polymerization and myosin motor activity for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Endocytic internalization is severely impeded in the absence of fimbrin, an actin filament crosslinking protein called Sac6 in budding yeast. Here, we combine live-cell imaging and mathematical modeling to gain insights into the role of actin filament crosslinking proteins in force generation. Genetic manipulation showed that CME sites with more crosslinking proteins are more effective at internalization under high load. Simulations of an experimentally constrained, agent-based mathematical model recapitulate the result that endocytic networks with more double-bound fimbrin molecules internalize the plasma membrane against elevated turgor pressure more effectively. Networks with large numbers of crosslinks also have more growing actin filament barbed ends at the plasma membrane, where the addition of new actin monomers contributes to force generation and vesicle internalization. Our results provide a richer understanding of the crucial role played by actin filament crosslinking proteins during actin network force generation, highlighting the contribution of these proteins to the self-organization of the actin filament network and force generation under increased load.
Live magnetic observation of parahydrogen hyperpolarization dynamics
Authors: Eills James , Mitchell Morgan W. , Rius Irene Marco , Tayler Michael C. D.
Published: October 2024

Hyperpolarized nuclear spins in molecules exhibit high magnetization that is unachievable by classical polarization techniques, making them widely used as sensors in physics, chemistry, and medicine. The state of a hyperpolarized material, however, is typically only studied indirectly and with partial destruction of magnetization, due to the nature of conventional detection by resonant-pickup NMR spectroscopy or imaging. Here, we establish atomic magnetometers with sub-pT sensitivity as an alternative modality to detect in real time the complex dynamics of hyperpolarized materials without disturbing or interrupting the magnetogenesis process. As an example of dynamics that are impossible to detect in real time by conventional means, we examine parahydrogen-induced
1
H and
13
C magnetization during adiabatic eigenbasis transformations at

μ

T-field avoided crossings. Continuous but nondestructive magnetometry reveals previously unseen spin dynamics, fidelity limits, and magnetization backaction effects. As a second example, we apply magnetometry to observe the chemical-exchange-driven
13
C hyperpolarization of [1–
13
C]-pyruvate—the most important spin tracer for clinical metabolic imaging. The approach can be readily combined with other high-sensitivity magnetometers and is applicable to a broader range of general observation scenarios involving production, transport, and systems interaction of hyperpolarized compounds.
DFT study of halogen based double perovskite Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskites for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Al Masary Waheed A , Ramay Shahid Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Double perovskites halides show a lot of potential for being utilized in energy converting applications. This research offers a comprehensive investigation of photovoltaic features of halogen based double perovskite Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) through DFT approach including structural, thermoelectric and optoelectronic features. The structural stability of the investigated materials is verified by Born’s stability criterion. The ductility of Na2AgAlX6 is confirmed by the Poisson coefficient (υ > 0.26) and a Pugh ratio (B/G > 1.75). The bandgap 3.7 eV, 2.7 eV, and 1.3 eV of Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) has been observed with direct nature. The replacement of Br and I with Cl leads to the lowering of bandgap value due to the closer of band edges. The absorption factor, reflective properties, and dielectric parameters are used to evaluate the optical features. The BoltzTraP software played vital role in calculating the thermoelectric characteristics, such as ZT value, power factor, and their electrical and thermal conductivities. The results of these calculated properties indicate that Na2AgAlX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) double perovskite halides show a promising potential for energy renewable applications.
The giant dipole resonance (GDR) in odd-mass 181–195Pt nuclei
Authors: Hoşgör G , Tabar E , Kemah E , Yakut H , Akkaya K , Gökmen Z
Published: October 2024

This manuscript theoretically examines the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) in odd-mass 181–195Pt nuclei with the Translational and Galileo Invariant Qusiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM) for the first time. TGI-QPNM includes axially symmetric Woods-Saxon potential, isovector dipole–dipole interaction and restoration forces for spontaneously broken Galilean and Translation symmetries of the nuclear Hamiltonian. Therefore, TGI-QPNM makes eliminating the spurious contributions in the E1 spectrum possible. The obtained results show that the odd-mass 181–195Pt isotopes have a two-peak structure. In 181–187Pt isotopes, while the second peak is higher than the first, in 189–195Pt isotopes, it’s the opposite. The photo-absorption result for the 195Pt is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.
Nonlinear analysis of compound pendulum model
Authors: Zhang Shuming
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the relationships among various nonlinear physical equations, with a particular focus on the standard form of the ϕ
4 equation. Based on the theoretical framework of the Jacobi elliptic function, an exact solution for the ϕ
4 equation is derived. A key innovation of this work is the discovery of the consistency between the ϕ
4 equation and the motion equation of the compound pendulum. By utilizing this correspondence, an exact solution for the compound pendulum equation is obtained, grounded in the Jacobi elliptic function theory. Compared to numerical methods, this solution provides higher accuracy and has the potential to be applied to more complex nonlinear physical systems. This model can also be applied in areas such as vibration damping in building materials, mechanical system analysis, and spacecraft control.
Investigation of square-root higher-order topological insulator based on honeycomb-Kagome lattice of graphene plasmonic crystals
Authors: Li Bangyu , Qiu Shiqi , Xu Lei , Guo Shengqun , Huang Ruimin , Qiu Weibin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we construct a composite lattice that integrates a breathing Kagome lattice with a honeycomb lattice, and a Honeycomb-Kagome model based on graphene plasmonic is studied. Through simulation, it is proved that the band distribution of the square-root higher-order topological insulator model based on graphene plasmonic crystal coincides with that of the Hamiltonian. Our findings reveal that the square-root higher-order topological insulator combination model based on graphene plasmonic has multiple corner states. Furthermore, we examine the robustness of these corner states against defects. The research results offer potential application prospects for nano-scale plasmonic topological laser devices, and topological waveguides.
Color-tunable luminescence and energy transfer of Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+, Dy3+/Sm3+)
Authors: Cao Renping , Huang Yanqin , Nie Jingheng , Wu Minhong , Chen Ting , Zhang Lei , Cheng Fangrui , Chen Yuyu
Published: October 2024

Rare earth ions (Dy3+ and Sm3+) doped luminescence materials have attracted more interest owing to their excellent luminous properties. Here, Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+, Dy3+/Sm3+) are prepared in air by using high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal phase and purity are investigated by x-ray diffraction. The luminous properties are studied by using optical spectrometer. Green emission of Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+ with excitation at 260 nm is observed. Ba2YZrO6:Sm3+ with excitation 271 and 407 nm shows yellow and red-orange emission, respectively. Under excitation 271 nm, Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+ show emission from green to yellow with increasing Sm3+ concentration from 2 to 10 mol%. Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+ with excitation 407 nm glow yellow light. We investigate the concentration dependent spectra and confirm the optimal Dy3+ and Sm3+ concentrations. We estimate the concentration quenching mechanism in Ba2YZrO6:R (R = Dy3+, Sm3+) and Ba2YZrO6:Dy3+, Sm3+. The luminous mechanism and energy transfer process are analyzed by using the energy level transitions of Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions.
DESI 2024: reconstructing dark energy using crossing statistics with DESI DR1 BAO data
Authors: Calderon R. , Lodha K. , Shafieloo A. , Linder E. , Sohn W. , de Mattia A. , Cervantes-Cota J.L. , Crittenden R. , Davis T.M. , Ishak M. , Kim A.G. , Matthewson W. , Niz G. , Park S. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Allen S. , Brooks D. , Claybaugh T. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Dey B. , Doel P. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gaztañaga E. , Gontcho S.Gontcho A. , Honscheid K. , Howlett C. , Juneau S. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M.E. , Manera M. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Newman J.A. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W.J. , Poppett C. , Prada F. , Rezaie M. , Rossi G. , Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , Sanchez E. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Taylor P. , Vargas-Magaña M. , Weaver B.A. , Zarrouk P. , Zou H.
Published: October 2024

We implement Crossing Statistics to reconstruct in a model-agnostic manner the expansion history of the universe and properties of dark energy, using DESI Data Release 1 (DR1) BAO data in combination with one of three different supernova compilations (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DES-SN5YR) and Planck CMB observations. Our results hint towards an evolving and emergent dark energy behaviour, with negligible presence of dark energy atz≳ 1, at varying significance depending on data sets combined. In all these reconstructions, the cosmological constant lies outside the 95% confidence intervals for some redshift ranges. This dark energy behaviour, reconstructed using Crossing Statistics, is in agreement with results from the conventionalw0–wadark energy equation of state parametrization reported in the DESI Key cosmology paper. Our results add an extensive class of model-agnostic reconstructions with acceptable fits to the data, including models where cosmic acceleration slows down at low redshifts. We also report constraints onH0rdfrom our model-agnostic analysis, independent of the pre-recombination physics.
The CRILIN calorimeter: gamma radiation resistance of crystals and SiPMs
Authors: Cemmi A. , D'Orsi B. , Di Meco E. , Di Sarcina I. , Diociaiuti E. , Moulson M. , Paesani D. , Sarra I. , Scifo J. , Verna A.
Published: October 2024

The Crilin calorimeter is a semi-homogeneous calorimetric
system based on Lead Fluoride (PbF2) crystals with UV-extended
Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) proposed for the Muon
Collider. This study investigates the radiation resistance of
crystals and SiPMs, subjected to 10 kGy gamma irradiation,
equivalent to a 10-year service life in the Muon Collider.

Our findings indicate that while PbF2 crystals exhibit a decrease
in transmittance post-irradiation with partial recovery over time,
the alternative PbWO4-Ultra Fast (PWO-UF) demonstrates
exceptional radiation hardness, maintaining stable
transmittance. SiPMs showed an increase in dark current and
breakdown voltage post-irradiation, with less degradation observed
in the SiPM biased during the exposure to radiation compared to the
unbiased component.

These results underscore the viability of PbF2 for
radiation-tolerant calorimeters, though improvements in production
homogeneity are needed. The superior performance of PWO-UF crystals
suggests they are a promising alternative for high-radiation
applications, but their higher cost must be carefully considered.
The Orthodox Account of Mitigation
Authors: Summers Andy
Published: October 2024

This chapter outlines the orthodox account of the law of mitigation. First, it sets mitigation in context as part of the conventional ‘loss-based’ understanding of the law of damages. Second, it briefly outlines the historical development of mitigation, tracing its evolution from the earliest authorities to the current orthodoxy. Third, it describes the orthodox account of mitigation in more detail, outlining its division into three rules: the avoidable loss rule; the reasonable attempts rule; and the avoided loss rule. The chapter argues that, applying the broader conventional understanding of the law of damages, the reasonable attempts rule and the ‘first limb’ of the avoided loss rule are both redundant. The orthodox account of mitigation can therefore be expressed more concisely as comprising just two rules: the avoidable loss rule and (the exception to) the avoided loss rule.
The Avoidable Loss Rule
Authors: Summers Andy
Published: October 2024

This chapter critiques the orthodox account of the rule of mitigation known as the ‘avoidable loss rule’. First, it examines when the rule applies. The rule is conventionally thought to be triggered where the claimant failed to act ‘reasonably’ in response to the breach. However, the leading texts fail to specify how this reasonableness criterion applies; instead, they conclude that its application is a question of fact, effectively relying on a ‘case-by-case’ approach. Second, the chapter examines the effect on damages where the avoidable loss rule applies. The leading texts have sometimes described mitigation as an all-or-nothing rule, or they have adopted the ‘guillotine heuristic’, which assumes that mitigation simply chops off recovery for part of the harm actually suffered by the claimant. The chapter demonstrates that instead the avoidable loss rule results in a counterfactual assessment of the claimant’s conduct.
Bliss Against the World
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

The concept of bliss, in its connotations of beatitude and salvation, may seem of little relevance to so-called secular modernity. This book argues otherwise by advancing a framework of the entanglement between modernity, Christianity, and bliss through the German idealist and Romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling. In Schelling’s concept of bliss (Seligkeit), the idea of salvation from the world mutates into a burning concern with the negativity of the modern world and with the way modernity inherits the Christian promise of a non-alienated future that never arrives. The book rethinks Schelling’s philosophical trajectory from the 1790s to the 1840s, showing his metaphysics, philosophy of religion, and natural philosophy to be underwritten by the tension between bliss as world-annihilation and theodicy as world-legitimation—a tension located at the heart of modernity. Part I theorizes the apocalyptic dimension of bliss and reconstructs the Schellingian genealogy of modernity as intensifying what the book terms the general Christian contradiction. Part II focuses on Schelling’s anxiety about the possibility of universal history in the dark, decentered, and contingent universe, developing a critique of his Romantic construction of humanity and his geo-racial theodicy of history, a theodicy that refracts and legitimates the violent logics of post-1492 modernity, including European colonialism, racialization, and transatlantic slavery. This book thus thinks bliss not only with, but also against Schelling, who emerges from the book as a key thinker of modernity, and of the Christian-modern trajectory as a trajectory of salvation in the shadow of whose failure we continue to live.
Universal Ekstasis; or, Fallenness and Method
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This chapter outlines the Schellingian method of philosophical construction as responding to the modern crisis of universal reality and human subjectivity. For Schelling, human self-assertion generates a fallen or inverted condition, plunging the human together with nature into an abyss of darkness and decenteredness. True philosophy, accordingly, aims at a universal recentering through a redemptive ekstasis as the resubmission of particular consciousness to the universal or divine. Conceived as a kind of spiritual exercise or even struggle, the Schellingian philosophical method entails the following operations: self-purification; kenosis, or the combination of self-emptying with self-sacrifice; polar (reflection-based) construction as a practice of wrestling with God; and anamnesis or recollection. Thanks to this method, the Schellingian philosopher becomes capable of constructing universal history as the progressive “proof” of the divine and as a providential system of times, pointing the way toward absolute bliss despite the darkness and contingency of universal reality.
Disseminated Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in a Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Fatal Case Report
Authors: Ka F , Salibindla D , Kendler A
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Post-transplant immunosuppression predisposes patients to severe complications from opportunistic infections, including Toxoplasma gondii. Typically asymptomatic and self-limited in immunocompetent individuals, Toxoplasma gondii can cause life-threatening disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients like solid organ transplant recipients. The challenge in diagnosing Toxoplasmosis is further exacerbated in patients receiving prophylactic therapy with agents such as Atovaquone, which may mask clinical suspicion. This case report describes a fatal presentation of disseminated Toxoplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient.

Methods/Case Report

A 44-year-old male with a history of deceased donor kidney transplant presented to the emergency department two months post-transplant with symptoms of malaise, shortness of breath, hypoxemia, and hypotension. Despite medical interventions, the patient deteriorated rapidly, developing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and septic shock requiring intubation. Subsequently, he succumbed to multisystem organ failure five days after admission. The autopsy revealed disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection, with tachyzoites/bradyzoites identified in multiple organs, including the brain, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Positive Toxoplasma immunohistochemical staining and PCR confirmed the diagnosis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

Toxoplasma infection in post-transplant patients can manifest as a severe and potentially fatal complication. Dissemination can arise from the reactivation of latent infection, donor transmission, or new acquisition. In this case, the infection likely resulted from the reactivation of latent infection in the donor, compounded by immunosuppression in the recipient. Notably, the patient received Atovaquone prophylaxis due to a sulfa allergy.

Nonetheless, the case highlights the potential for delayed diagnosis due to atypical presentations in immunocompromised patients. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for Toxoplasma infection in post- transplant patients, particularly in those with unexplained clinical deterioration. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for T. gondii infection in post-transplant patients, even in those receiving prophylaxis.
Neonatal Hemochromatosis Secondary to an Inborn Error of Metabolism (Mitochondrial Disorder): Post- mortem Diagnosis in the Fetus of a Young Primipara
Authors: Shastri C , Manci E A , Campbell P , Shreshtha D
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH), an extremely rare congenital phenotype of acute hepatic failure with hepatic and extrahepatic siderosis, is primarily (98%) caused by gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD) and, rarely (2%), by infection, metabolic disorders, bile acid defects, and mitochondrial hepatopathy. This report presents an extremely rare case of NH caused by an inborn error of metabolism (suspected mitochondrial dysfunction).

This low-birth-weight female was born with acute liver failure, metabolic acidosis, multisystem failure, and progressive lactate acidosis, and expired on day 7. On autopsy, liver was less than 50% of normal size and without nodularity.

Microscopic architecture was preserved with erythropoiesis, canalicular bile plugs, microvesicular steatosis (oil red O stain) and abundant coarsely granular siderosis (iron stain). GALD was unlikely because of the absence of the typical hepatocytic injury, fibrosis or biliary destruction, and the negative immunohistochemistry for MAC (C5b-C9).

Extrahepatic siderosis was demonstrated in thyroid follicles, thymic Hassall corpuscles, myocardium, and adenohypophysis. Sanger sequencing and deletion testing of mitochondrial genome on a maternal buccal biopsy identified a homoplasmic variant (m.15482 T>C p.(S246P) in maternal MT-CYB gene but without molecular diagnosis of a mitochondrial DNA disorder. Infant plasma had increased C6DC, C5, C12-OH acylcarnitine, alanine, and proline. Urine contained elevated organic acids (lactate/pyruvate, 2-ketoacids, 3-methylglutarate, 3-methylglutaconate), concerning acute mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction.

Methods/Case Report: Case Study Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

Diagnosis of NH warrants exclusion of the most common etiology, GALD. Mitochondrial genetic mutations are the most difficult to diagnosis because of heterogeneity and typically undiagnosed maternal defects. This is the first report of NH with a homoplasmic maternal variant of uncertain significance. Neonatal lactic acidosis is the strongest clinical clue for mitochondrial dysfunction and should trigger phenotyping, maternal mitochondrial genetic variants (mtDNA, nuDNA), functional, biochemical, and genetic studies.
A Rare Case with KMT2D: BCOR Fusion Alteration Sarcoma in A 14-Year-Old-Female
Authors: Ahmed A A , Amin S E , Aljumaili Z , Elsayad M , Thomas-Ogunniyi J O
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Tumors with BCL6-correpresor gene (BCOR) alteration are a heterogeneous group of undifferentiated sarcomas, occurring in various age groups and anatomic sites, characterized by spindle and round cell phenotype and diffuse immunoreactivity for BCOR. With widespread genomic testing, these alterations are now associated with different histologies. These sarcomas show a striking male predominance and occur in children/ adolescents.

Methods/Case Report

The Patient was a 14 years-old female presented after an accident with RLQ abdominal pain. Her pan-CT showed a 9.0 x 5.5 x 4.0 cm omental mass with free pelvic fluid in the anterior and upper pelvis.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

Microscopic examination showed lobulated spindle cell tumor with myxoid areas, extensive necrosis, focal calcifications, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates The tumor composed of bundles of monotonous cells with bizarre nuclei. Mitoses were brisk (44 mitoses per 10HPF). The tumor appeared to infiltrate adipose tissue and it had peritheliomatous pattern of proliferation. Beta-catenin, inhibin, BCL2, and Pan-TRK were positive in the spindle cells. PAX8 showed patchy positivity. EMA, CAM5.2, DOG-1, CD117, ALK1, CD34, HMB45, STAT6, SMA, CD31, S100, CD99, p63, SALL-4, CD10 were negative. Trichrome highlighted the intervening fibrous septae. Molecular Next Generation Sequencing studies showed a structural genomic alteration between the KMT2D and BCOR genes [t(12;X)(12q13.11;Xp11.4)].

Conclusion

Tumors harboring rare fusion variants of BCOR, such as BCOR- KMT2D, were also positive for pan-TRK staining and NTRK3 overexpression. These rearrangements are so rare. And therefore, efficient diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas can be achieved by using a combination of FISH and RT-PCR assays. The therapeutic implication of this finding awaits further investigation.
Adult Primary Extramedullary Spindle Cell Neoplasms of the Spinal Cord: Algorithmic Approach to a Frozen Section Dilemma
Authors: Zeches B A , Maher M , Boyer P , Jo J , Lee S , Hoppenot R , Danison A
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Spinal cord lesions can be designated as either (1) intramedullary, located within the spinal cord, or (2) extramedullary, located outside of the spinal cord, with further craterization as intradural and extradural. Neoplasms with a spindle cell phenotype can be challenging to optimally classify at the time of frozen section with immunohistochemistry necessary for optimal classification. This study looks at a spectrum of spinal cord tumors with a significant spindle cell component and offers an algorithmic approach for intraoperative consultation.

Methods/Case Report

A series of extramedullary spindle cell cases was compiled for comparison and contrast. A PubMed and Google literature search was undertaken.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

A total of 10 cases, age range 33-67, were compiled including meningioma with predominantly spindle cell features (WHO grade 1 and grade 2), solitary fibrous tumor, schwannoma lacking nuclear palisades and Verocay bodies, neurofibroma; malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, perineurioma, and spindle cell (tanycytic) ependymoma. During intraoperative consultation, touch preparations and frozen section features often overlapped. Radiologic localization of the neoplasm was essential to effective frozen section diagnosis as some lesions had a distinctly astrocytic phenotype. A general diagnosis was often employed, specifically spindle cell neoplasm with or without high-grade features. A differential diagnosis was provided when characteristic features were identified, including whorls, psammoma bodies, and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions favoring meningioma; abundant collagen between cells; nuclear palisades and Verocay bodies suggestive of Schwannoma; abundant extracellular matrix suggestive of neurofibroma; and perivascular pseudorosettes suggestive of extramedullary ependymoma variant.

Conclusion

This study provides a summary of extramedullary spinal region lesions that overlap with respect to imaging and frozen section characteristics. It emphasizes the need for clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation on such lesions, the challenges in generating the differential diagnosis prior to histologic evaluation, and the pragmatism to rendering a diagnosis of spindle cell neoplasm with a differential diagnosis at frozen section.
Mammary Schistosomiasis: Malignancy Mimicker or More?
Authors: McGrath N G
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) which affects more than 200 million people worldwide, with approximately 85% of cases occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. It serves both as an important etiologic agent in the development of carcinomas of many organ systems, as well as a common incidental histological finding in various organs, including the prostate, lung, spine, and liver.

Detection of Schistosoma ova in the breast is rare. Here, we present a case of schistosomiasis of the breast in a patient concurrently diagnosed with breast carcinoma of the contralateral breast.

Methods/Case Report

A 48-year-old Mozambican female presented with a right breast mass, with suspicious microcalcifications detected in the contralateral breast on mammography. Biopsy confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST) in the right breast and identified Schistosoma ova in the left, notably lacking an associated inflammatory response.

A Ziehl-Neelsen special histochemical stain was negative, favoring schistosoma Hematobium species.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

Our case marks the first in English literature where schistosomiasis was identified in the context of contralateral breast carcinoma, posing the question as to whether there is an association between schistosomiasis and breast carcinoma in our patient. One possible theory suggests hyperestrogenism secondary to Schistosoma infection in the liver.

Breast schistosomiasis presenting as microcalcifications poses a diagnostic challenge, as it may clinically and radiologically resemble malignant breast disease. Histopathological diagnosis is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and prevent unnecessary procedures.

Contrary to other organ systems, our case highlighted that schistosomiasis in the breast may not be accompanied by any inflammatory response. Definitive conclusions regarding the exact species of schistosomiasis cannot be drawn histologically based solely on H&E findings due to the plane of sectioning; therefore, performing a Ziehl-Neelsen stain is beneficial. As screening mammography increases in endemic areas, a high index of suspicion and further research is warranted.
ALK-Positive Histiocytosis and its Distinctive Manifestation in the Breast
Authors: Zahid H , Siddiqui H F , Khurram M S , Fatima F
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

ALK-positive histiocytosis (APH) is a rare histiocytic proliferation disease that harbors ALK rearrangements, often involving fusion with KIF5B. Primary cases in the unilateral breast are exceptionally uncommon, with only a few reported cases globally, characterizing it as a unique histiocytic proliferation disorder.

Methods/Case Report

In our study, we report a case of unilateral multifocal breast involvement of ALK-positive histiocytosis following bilateral breast core biopsies in a 56-year-old Hispanic woman who presented with bilateral breast masses. Right breast imaging demonstrated multiple nodular densities, further characterized on ultrasound as a hypoechoic region of 8 cm with increased vascularity. On right breast biopsy, prominent proliferation of histiocytes (lacking high-grade cytologic atypia) with chronic inflammation, few giant cells, and focal cholesterol clefts were identified. On immunohistochemical studies, the lesional cells were variably positive for histiocytic markers CD68, CD163, and PU.1 and were negative for S100 and pancytokeratin. ALK1 showed multifocal staining in the lesional cells as confirmed on repeat study; however, ALK (D5F3), GMS and acid fast studies were negative. The presence of focal cholesterol clefts, scattered giant cells, and chronic inflammation lead us to consider aberrant ALK expression in a reactive process. However, APH was definitively diagnosed through confirmation of clonal histiocyte proliferation, observed findings on morphology, immunophenotyping, and the presence of KIF5B-ALK gene fusion as detected by comprehensive solid tumor fusion panel testing.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

It is noteworthy that ALK-positive histiocytosis can occasionally present alongside features of a reactive process in the breast. Therefore, considering any history of prior surgery or trauma at the lesion site is crucial.

However, we recommend a comprehensive approach in most cases, which includes morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis on all suspected histiocytosis cases. This approach aims to increase awareness and detection of this rarely described entity and to precisely distinguish it from other diseases for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
Uncovering underlying cause for heart failure in a 51-year-old woman with fibromuscular dysplasia
Authors: Masood A , Kruse E , Ashfaq M
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare disorder characterized by the replacement of the myocardium with fibroadipose tissue, usually affecting the right ventricle and rarely affecting the left.

Methods/Case Report

We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with past medical history including fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid arteries and suspected ischemic cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction awaiting heart transplant. The patient suffered a spontaneous coronary artery dissection eight years prior, which was the inciting factor that led to the decline in her cardiac function. After transplant, gross examination of the explanted heart showed a moderate amount of epicardial fat and visible intramural ventricular adipose tissue deposits in the myocardium. On histology, both the right and left ventricle walls showed extensive microscopic fatty infiltration along with focal involvement of the interventricular septum. These findings supported the final diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right and left ventricle, as well as involvement of the interventricular septum making this case especially rare. There were no signs of infarct or ischemic damage, contrary to what was expected given her diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

NA

Conclusion

The pathological work-up of this case shed light on the true nature of the patient’s cardiomyopathy and has prompted further genetic testing, as arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy can be caused by several different genetic mutations. In addition to this work-up, a thorough literature review was performed looking for connections between arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and fibromuscular dysplasia, as arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is not often seen in this setting. Although no direct connection between the two was uncovered, it was found in the literature that a polymorphism in the Phosphatase and Actin Regulator 1 (PHACTR1) gene has been identified as a genetic component of fibromuscular dysplasia. This variant has been linked to spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which our patient experienced at the young age of 43. This could prompt further genetic investigation into her fibromuscular dysplasia in addition to the genetic work up already being done for her arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. This case highlights how rare etiologies can be uncovered through diligent histological analysis, and how further analysis using laboratory techniques such as genetic testing can help patients understand the full breadth of their conditions.