bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Expressed lncRNA GAS5 in the Serum of Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia and Its Effect on LAMPs‐Induced Apoptosis and Inflammation
Authors: Ji Juhua , Song Lei , Hong Fei , Zhang Weiyan , Zhu Meijun , Yang Xiaohong , Hao Chuangli
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to explore the serum expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and its effect on lipid‐associated membrane proteins (LAMPs)‐induced apoptosis and inflammation. Totally, 56 children with MPP (MPP group) and 56 healthy children (NC group) were enrolled. lncRNA GAS5 expression was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were detected using ELISA, and the high mobility family protein B1 (HMGBl) was detected by qRT‐PCR. The methylated binding protein 2 (MECP2) was inhibited by gene silencing, and the expression of MECP2, TNF‐α, IL‐6, HMGBl, p‐p65, and p‐IκBα was measured. lncRNA GAS5 and TNF‐α, IL‐6, and HMGBl in the peripheral blood of the MPP group were positively correlated (P < 0.05). The expression of TNF‐α, IL‐6, HMGBl, and lncRNA GAS5 showed a positive correlation with that of LAMPs. The GAS5‐siRNA group showed an increased cell survival rate compared with the scrambled‐RNAi group (P < 0.05) while showing decreased apoptosis and cell death rates (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, HMGBl, p‐p65, and p‐IκBα was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). lncRNA GAS5 is highly expressed in the serum of children with MPP and inhibits LAMPs‐induced apoptosis and alveolar macrophage inflammation.
An Automatic Assessment Method of Cyber Threat Intelligence Combined with ATT&CK Matrix
Authors: Zhang Shuqin , Chen Peng , Bai Guangyao , Wang Shijie , Zhang Minzhi , Li Shuhan , Zhao Chunxia
Published: August 2022

With the occurrence of cyber security incidents, the value of threat intelligence is coming to the fore. Timely extracting Indicator of Compromise (IOC) from cyber threat intelligence can quickly respond to threats. However, the sparse text in public threat intelligence scatters useful information, which makes it challenging to assess unstructured threat intelligence. In this paper, we proposed Cyber Threat Intelligence Automated Assessment Model (TIAM), a method to automatically assess highly sparse threat intelligence from multiple dimensions. TIAM implemented automatic classification of threat intelligence based on feature extraction, defined assessment criteria to quantify the value of threat intelligence, and combined ATT&CK to identify attack techniques related to IOC. Finally, we associated the identified IOCs, ATT&CK techniques, and intelligence quantification results. The experimental results shown that TIAM could better assess threat intelligence and help security managers to obtain valuable cyber threat intelligence.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Interferon Regulatory Factor Expression: Correlation with Immune Cell Infiltration and Patient Prognosis in Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Lu Xiaoqin , Li Rui , Ying Yanqi , Zhang Wenyi
Published: August 2022

As a family of transcription factors, the correlations between expression pattern of nine interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family members, the immune invasion pattern, and the associated patient survival rate in endometrial carcinoma (EC) remain to be elucidated. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the expression profiles of the high and low IRF mRNA expression groups were analyzed using R (3.6.3) statistical software. Gene annotation and pathway analyses were performed using Metascape. GSEA was performed using the R package clusterProfiler (3.6.3). The single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to quantify the relative tumor infiltration levels of immune cell types. Immunohistochemistry data provided by HPA database was used to study the expression of the IRF proteins. Using the GEPIA dataset, the correlation between the expression of IRFs and the tumor stage of EC was analyzed. The correlations between the different IRFs were analyzed using cBioPortal. The expression of IRF2, IRF3, IRF5, IRF6, IRF7, IRF8, and IRF9 was different when comparing EC and normal endometrial samples. IRF2, IRF6, IRF7, and IRF8 were indicated to be potential diagnostic markers for EC. In combination with receiver operating characteristic analysis results, IRF2, IRF6, IRF7, and IRF8 were indicated to be potential diagnostic markers for EC. Levels of individual IRFs were associated with alternate outcomes, with the expression of IRF3 being correlated with the stage of EC and high expression of IRF4 being positively correlated with overall survival (OS); conversely, high expression of IRF5 was negatively correlated with OS. Additionally, high expression levels of both IRF2 and IRF4 were positively correlated with the disease‐specific survival rate, and high expression of IRF4 was positively correlated with the progression‐free interval. These data suggest a role for IRF2, IRF4, and IRF5 in the prognosis of EC. The expression of IRFs is associated with immune infiltration.
Identification of Cytosolic DNA Sensor cGAS-STING as Immune-Related Risk Factor in Renal Carcinoma following Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Wu Zheng , Lin Ying , Liu Li-Min , Hou Yan-Li , Qin Wei-Ting , Zhang Lei , Jiang Shu-Heng , Yang Qin , Bai Yong-Rui
Published: August 2022

Background. The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays critical functions in innate immune responses via the production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), which stimulates the adaptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING). However, the clinical relevance and prognostic value of the cGAS-STING pathway in human cancers remains largely unexplored. Methods. A gene signature related to the cGAS-STING score was identified. The pan-cancer landscape of cGAS-STING expression was calculated using the RNAseq data acquired from the TCGA cohort. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were determined by the ssGSEA method. Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, and the area under the curve (AUC) were employed to decipher the predictive value of cGAS-STING risk score and TIICs across several human cancers. Results. Most tumor tissues displayed a higher cGAS-STING score compared with their corresponding nontumor tissues, except for prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Higher cGAS-STING score was closely associated with poor clinical outcome of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), whereas the cGAS-STING score predicted a better prognosis in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPG). Enrichment analysis showed that cGAS-STING was profoundly implicated in diverse immune-related pathways in KIRC, KIRP, and PCPG. Significant positive correlations were noticed between cGAS-STING score and TIICs, including activated CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and mast cells. Finally, the cGAS-STING score was revealed to be an independent prognostic factor for KIRC patients and possessed a strong predictive power for the prognostic evaluation of KIRC and KIRP patients. Conclusions. We constructed a cGAS-STING gene signature to predict survival and tumor immunity across human cancers, which can serve as a novel prognostic indicator and therapeutic target, especially in KIRC and KIRP.
Green Synthesize and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Iranian Propolis Extracts
Authors: Hajizadeh Yasamin Seyyed , Harzandi Naser , Babapour Ebrahim , Yazdanian Mohsen , Ranjbar Reza
Published: August 2022

The propolis produced by bees is used by them to protect their hives. The cavity inside the hive’s walls is filled in during cold days to reduce entry points and mummify any intruders to ensure their survival. A current focus in nanotechnology and nanoscience is the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using biomaterials. Research on green methods for making metal oxide NPs is gaining momentum to safeguard the environment from the potential dangers associated with toxic chemicals. This study aimed to synthesize copper NPs (CuNPs) via propolis extraction, a novel application of nanoscience. The study was conducted under a range of pH, time conditions, and concentration ratios, and its properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectra, XRD, and FTIR. An FTIR analysis revealed that compounds found in propolis extract could have an effect on the surface modification of the synthesized NPs. The propolis (Khalkhal) extract spectrum exhibited a sharp peak at 3422 cm−1, caused by free hydroxyl groups and their intra/intermolecular hydrogen bonds. There were sharp peaks at 2925, 1637, and 1515 to 1076 cm−1 associated with the C = O and C = C aromatic stretching frequencies. According to UV-Vis spectrophotometry investigation, CuO NPs exhibit a characteristic peak at 385 nm, showing significant surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with propolis (Khalkhal) extract. Furthermore, specific wavelengths of CuO NPs demonstrate peaks at 243, 292, and 350 nm for propolis (Gilan) extract. The green synthesis of CuNPs from Gilan and Khalkhal propolis can be an appropriate candidate for clinical applications such as drug delivery systems, drug formulation, and biomedical applications.
Intangible Cultural Heritage Reproduction and Revitalization: Value Feedback, Practice, and Exploration Based on the IPA Model
Authors: Xiao Lingling
Published: August 2022

Intangible cultural heritage has a unique value. It is very important to evaluate and discover the value of intangible cultural heritage. Therefore, referring to the relevant references of countries around the world, this paper compares the research status of countries around the world with the development trend of China’s intangible cultural heritage, indicating that the network resources of intangible cultural heritage can be converted into cultural capital according to the basic theory of cultural capital and then get an economic value. The use value of intangible cultural heritage is analyzed and considered according to IPA entity model analysis, kernel density estimation (KDE), and gray correlation calculation (calculated by using IPA analysis conclusion). Among them, because intangible cultural heritage cannot be measured and verified immediately, indirect measurement verification is carried out by selecting indirect indicators such as the total number of intangible cultural heritage and the development trend of intangible cultural heritage tourism. Based on the gray correlation analysis of the total number and relative density of national intangible cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage tourism and related industrial chains, the following proposals for the development trend of intangible cultural heritage are clearly put forward as follows: (1) Further excavate the meaning of “non-material property tourism” and increase the scope of development and design of cultural and art tourism network resources. (2) Make full use of the guiding effect of government departments on “intangible cultural heritage tourism,” and improve the normalization of the combination of culture, art, and tourism. (3) Expand the whole industrial chain of “intangible cultural heritage tourism” in an orderly manner, and promote the concept of coordinated and sustainable development of cultural and art tourism.
PCR Detection of Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV) DNA in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis, and in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Strzelczyk Joanna Katarzyna , Świętek Agata , Biernacki Krzysztof , Gołąbek Karolina , Gaździcka Jadwiga , Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Ścierski Wojciech , Strzelczyk Janusz , Fiolka Rafał , Misiołek Maciej
Published: August 2022

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a common virus worldwide that is an etiologic agent in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Recent reports have shown the association of EBV with tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, EBV has been reported to be present in tonsillar tissues, which suggests a close relationship between viral infections and tonsillar diseases, including chronic tonsillitis. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of EBV DNA in 86 patients with HNSCC, in 70 patients with chronic tonsillitis, and in 144 healthy individuals (control group) and the associations between EBV infection and clinicopathological and demographic characteristics and the use of stimulants in all study groups. The objective of this study was also to analyze the prevalence of coinfection with human papillomavirus (HPV). After prior DNA isolation, EBV detection was performed using an EBV kit by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of EBV infection in patients with HNSCC, patients with chronic tonsillitis, and the control group was 47.7%, 60%, and 24.3%, respectively. Compared to controls, a significantly higher prevalence of EBV in patients with chronic tonsillitis and HNSCC may suggest that EBV is a potential risk factor. No association was found between EBV infection and demographic or clinical data. Further studies are warranted due to inconclusive reports that were mainly related to geographic distribution, sample type, and detection technique. Considering the prevalence of the virus and the risk of serious diseases, attention should be paid to screening diagnosis and prevention of the infection.
Effectiveness of Resistance Training on Fatigue in Patients Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Berríos-Contreras Lily , Cuevas-Cid Rodrigo , Lorca Luz Alejandra , Ribeiro Ivana Leão
Published: August 2022

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the resistance training to improve fatigue levels in people with cancer who are enrolled in adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant treatment. Methods. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched from May to December 7, 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) that evaluate the effects of resistance training on fatigue levels in people undergoing cancer treatment were included. The PEDro scale was considered to assess methodological quality of studies, and the evidence was summarized through the GRADE system. The standardized average differences, effect size, and inverse variance model for meta-analysis were calculated. Results. Fifteen RCT for qualitative synthesis and thirteen for meta-analysis were selected. A moderate to high level of evidence of resistance training was identified to improve fatigue in people undergoing cancer treatment. Meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in fatigue (

SMD
=
−
0.31

,

CI
 
95
%
=
−
0.58

, -0.12,

P
=
0.001

) after 10 to 35 sessions of resistance training. Conclusion. The 10 to 35 sessions of resistance training are effective in reducing fatigue level in cancer patients who are undergoing cancer treatment and have a moderate level of quality evidence.
Study on Adsorption Model of Deep Coking Coal Based on Adsorption Potential Theory
Authors: Shasha Si , Zhaofeng Wang , Wenhao Zhang , Juhua Dai
Published: August 2022

With the exhaustion of coal resources in shallow coal seams, many mining areas have moved to deep mining, and the coal storage environment is obviously affected by the mining depth, mainly manifested as the increase of gas pressure and temperature, which makes the adsorption characteristics of deep coal seam gas much more complicated than shallow coal seam. Based on this, this paper chooses Pingdingshan coking coal as the research object, using Hsorb-2600 high-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption instrument to carry on isothermal adsorption experiment. According to the adsorption theory and the uniqueness of the adsorption characteristics cure, the adsorption model was analyzed and studied. The results show that the predicted curve of coal seam gas adsorption isotherm is in good agreement with the measured curve, the relative error is less than 10%, and the adsorption characteristic curve is logarithmic. At the same time, the model is used to study the variation of adsorbed gas amount with mining depth. The results show that the adsorbed gas amount increases first and then decreases with coal burial depth.
Construction of Flipped Classroom for College English Courses Using Big Data MOOCs and Information System
Authors: Chen Mei
Published: August 2022

Big data refers to extremely large, sophisticated, and varied informational components. Better methods for controlling dynamic abilities, experiences, and interaction development are necessary. With the help of Massive Open Online Courses’ big data, this essay will examine how to research and analyse the flipped classroom in college English courses (MOOCs). Also covered is data mining. This paper addresses the data mining-based issue of big data in MOOCs. The idea of big data and associated algorithms is then further developed in this paper. In this essay, the flipped classroom for college English courses based on MOOCs is designed and examined. According to the experimental findings, 44.78 percent of students believe the MOOC learning platform is helpful after the implementation of the university English flipped classroom based on big data from MOOCs, and 26.96 percent of students find it extremely helpful. It is clear that the big data college English courses taught in a flipped classroom using MOOCs have had some educational impact.
Analysis of Voluntary Environmental Behavior and Innovation Quality of Chinese Textile Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory and Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Yu Yabin , Cheng Hua , Xu Qian
Published: August 2022

At a new stage of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutral,” we need to strengthen the internal impetus of institutions and policies to promote ecological civilization construction. The initiative implementation of voluntary environmental behavior (VEB) is an effective way for enterprises to achieve high quality sustainable development. The VEB of enterprises include but are not limited to compliance with voluntary environmental regulations (VER). Different from the existing literature on enterprise VER, most of which are just the verification of ISO14001, the study conducts a comprehensive exploratory research on the theoretical framework of what is driving the VEB of Chinese textile enterprises. First, based on grounded theory, the paper coded the hand-collected environmental text information of Chinese listed textile enterprises from 2004 to 2018 and constructed a complete theoretical analysis framework from motivation to performance evaluation of enterprise VEB. Second, PSM method is taken to verify the conceptual model. As a result, we find the following: (1) in addition to ISO14001, the textile enterprises involve many industry-specific VER. (2) The VEB and VER of Chinese textile enterprises promote each other. (3) Either following VER or implementing VEB can effectively increase the innovation input and then actively improve the innovation quality of Chinese textile enterprises. In this way, the conclusion not only provides analysis ideas for future empirical research, but also offers practical suggestions to Chinese textile enterprises and policy makers for environmental management.
Ribonuclease H2 Subunit A Preserves Genomic Integrity and Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Kimura Naoki , Takayama Ken-ichi , Yamada Yuta , Kume Haruki , Fujimura Tetsuya , Inoue Satoshi
Published: August 2022

Homeostasis of genomic integrity should be regulated to promote proliferation and inhibit DNA damage–induced cell death in cancer. Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) maintains genome stability by controlling DNA:RNA hybrid and R-loop levels. Here, we identified that RNase H2 subunit A (RNASEH2A), a component of RNase H2, is highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissues compared with localized prostate cancer. Interestingly, we showed that RNASEH2A suppressed R-loop levels to prevent cell apoptosis induced by DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that RNASEH2A promotes cell growth and migration via the negative regulation of p53 and positive regulation of AR and AR-V7. Mechanistically, epigenetic regulation followed by R-loop accumulation in these promoters was observed for these gene regulations. Importantly, IHC analysis demonstrated that R-loop formation increased in CRPC tissues and correlated with RNASEH2A expression levels. Notably, two small molecules targeting RNase H2 activity were found to suppress CRPC tumor growth with no significant toxic effects. Collectively, we propose that RNASEH2A overexpression is a hallmark of prostate cancer progression by maintaining genomic stability to prevent R-loop–mediated apoptosis induction. Targeting RNase H2 activity could be a potential strategy for treating CRPC tumors.

Significance:

RNASEH2A was demonstrated to be highly upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer to degrade R-loop accumulation and preserve genomic stability for tumor growth, suggesting that RNase H2 activity could be a promising therapeutic target.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Telehealth Cancer Genetics Program: A BRCA Pilot Study
Authors: Rose Esther , Hardy Melanie Walker , Gates Rachael , Stanislaw Christine , Meisel Jane , Grinzaid Karen Arnovitz
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) individuals face a 1 in 40 (2.5%) risk of having a BRCA mutation, which is 10 times the general population risk. JScreen launched the PEACH BRCA Study, a telehealth-based platform for BRCA education and testing, with the goal of creating an effective model for BRCA testing in low-risk AJ individuals who do not meet national testing criteria. Other goals were to determine the rate of BRCA mutations in this group, to assess the adequacy of screening for the 3 common AJ founder mutations only, and to assess satisfaction with the telehealth model to help inform a national launch of a broader cancer genetic testing program. Methods: Criteria for participation included those who were AJ, resided in the metro-Atlanta area, were aged 25 and older, and had no personal or close family history of BRCA-related cancers. Pre-test education was provided through a video and written summary, followed by complimentary BRCA1/2 sequencing and post-test genetic counseling. Participants responded to pre- and post-test surveys, which assessed knowledge and satisfaction. Those who were not eligible to participate were sent genetic counseling resources and later surveyed. Results: Five hundred one participants were tested and the results included 4 positives (0.8% positivity rate), 494 negatives, and 3 variants of uncertain significance. Overall satisfaction with the study process was high (96.9/100), knowledge about BRCA was high (97.5% of participants passed a pre-test knowledge quiz), and satisfaction with pre- and post-test education was high (97.9% of participants were satisfied with the pre-test video and written summary, and 99.5% felt that their post-test genetic counseling session was valuable). Many participants expressed interest in receiving broader cancer testing. Conclusions: The BRCA founder mutation rate in a low-risk AJ population was significantly lower than the previously established AJ rate of 1 in 40. It was also determined that a telehealth model for a cancer genetics program is effective and acceptable to the population tested. This study established interest in broader cancer genetic testing through a telehealth platform and suggested that testing may be successful in the Jewish community at a national level and potentially in other populations, provided that patient education and genetic counseling are adequately incorporated.
Ungewöhnliche Präsentation eines lepidischen Adenokarzinoms bei einer gesunden Frau
Authors: Akhtar Zaheer , Laageide Leah , Robles Julian , Winters Christopher , Wall Geoffrey C. , Mallen James , Jawa Zeeshan
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund: Das lepidische Adenokarzinom stellt ein histologisches Muster des nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkrebses dar, der charakteristischerweise in der Peripherie der Lunge entsteht und sich entlang der bereits bestehenden Alveolarwände ausbreitet. Nicht invasive und invasive Varianten des lepidischen Adenokarzinoms sind abhängig von der Zerstörung des Parenchyms, der Gefäß- oder Pleurainvasion. Die prädominant lepidischen Lungenmalignome gelten als langsam wachsend mit seltener Metastasierung und ausgezeichneter Prognose. Die Klassifizierung der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) für maligne Lungenerkrankungen basiert auf molekularen und histopathologischen Befunden. Die CT-Befunde weisen meist Milchglasmerkmale auf, die häufig fälschlicherweise für eine entzündliche oder infektiöse Ätiologie gehalten werden. Diese Tumore sind in der Regel chirurgisch resezierbar und mit einer besseren Überlebensrate verbunden, da sie nur selten Knoten bilden und extrathorakale Manifestationen aufweisen. In seltenen Fällen weisen diese Tumore eine diffuse Lungenbeteiligung auf, die trotz fehlender Nodal- und Fernmetastasen mit schlechteren Ergebnissen einhergeht. Präsentation des Falles: Eine 63-jährige kaukasische, sportliche, immunkompetente Frau stellte sich mit 2 Monaten fortschreitender Kurzatmigkeit, Müdigkeit, Appetitlosigkeit und 6,8 kg Gewichtsverlust vor. In der Anamnese fanden sich lediglich ein gut eingestellter Bluthochdruck und eine Hypothyreose. Das Kontrast-Computertomographie-Angiogramm und die Positronenemissionstomographie zeigten diffuse hypermetabolische interstitielle und Luftraum-Anomalien der Lunge ohne Lymphadenopathie (oder Fernbeteiligung) zusätzlich zu einem rechten Hydropneumothorax und einem linken Pleuraerguss. Die grundlegenden Labortests waren unauffällig, und umfangreiche Tests auf Bakterien und Pilze waren negativ. Anschließend wurden eine Bronchoskopie und eine videounterstützte thorakoskopische Operation durchgeführt. Die Zytologie der Pleuraflüssigkeit, die Lungen- und Pleurabiopsien ergaben ein positives Ergebnis für ein lepidisches Adenokarzinom mit einer Expression von 2% des Programmed Death Ligand 1 und ein Genomtest ein positives Ergebnis für eine PTEN-Gen-Deletion. Vor Aufnahme der Behandlung war die Patientin am Tag 15 des Krankenhausaufenthalts verstorben. Schlussfolgerung: Wir stellen einen seltenen Fall eines prädominant lepidischen Adenokarzinoms mit ausgedehnter bilateraler aerogener Ausbreitung ohne lymphatische Invasion bei einer gesunden Patientin mit geringem Risiko vor. Diese Falldarstellung könnte die Kenntnisse über die unterschiedlichen Verhaltensmuster von prädominant lepidischen Adenokarzinomen erweitern.
Early Learning in Autism as an Atypical Balance between Assimilation and Accommodation Processes
Authors: Vivanti Giacomo , Rogers Sally J. , Dwyer Patrick , Rivera Susan
Published: August 2022

Many children on the autism spectrum are capable of learning large amounts of material in specific areas – yet, they often show learning delays across multiple domains. Additionally, they typically show the ability and motivation to learn from practice and from the outcomes of their own actions, while having difficulties learning from novel situations and from others’ actions and communications. We propose that these and other phenomena reflect, in part, an atypical balance between cognitive assimilation and accommodation processes during early childhood. Adopting a constructivist perspective that connects Piaget’s heuristics with experimental and clinical research in autism, we examine empirical supports as well as implications of this notion for autism research, advocacy, and intervention.
Sex‐Based Differences in Selected Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Use: A 10‐Year Statewide Patient Cohort
Authors: De Silva Kasun , Nassar Natasha , Badgery‐Parker Tim , Kumar Saurabh , Taylor Lee , Kovoor Pramesh , Zaman Sarah , Wilson Andrew , Chow Clara K.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, and resynchronization therapy. This study aimed to assess CIED implantation and outcomes by sex and indication.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with cardiovascular hospitalizations in New South Wales, Australia (2008 to 2018). CIED implantation in patients with arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and syncope were examined. Subcategories (complete heart block, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest, sick sinus syndrome, and ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy) were investigated. Primary outcome was implantation of CIEDs in men versus women adjusted for age and comorbidities. Secondary outcomes were trends over time, time to implant, length of stay, emergency status, and 30‐day survival. Of 1 291 258 patients with cardiovascular admissions, 287 563 had arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or syncope and 29 080 (2.3%) received a CIED (22 472 pacemakers, 6808 defibrillators, 3207 resynchronization therapy). Women with arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, or syncope were less likely to have pacemakers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.76–0.80]), defibrillators (aOR, 0.4, [95% CI, 0.40–0.45]) and resynchronization therapy (aOR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.61–0.71]). Differences persisted across subcategories, including fewer pacemakers in complete heart block (aOR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.80–0.98]) and syncope (aOR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.63–0.79]); fewer defibrillators in ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest (aOR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.61–0.77]); and less resynchronization therapy in cardiomyopathy (aOR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51–0.75]). Men and women receiving devices had higher 30‐day survival compared with those who did not receive a device, and 30‐day survival was similar between men and women receiving devices.

Conclusions

Lower CIED implantation was seen in women versus men, across nearly all indications, including complete heart block and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation/cardiac arrest. The underuse of cardiac devices among women may arguably reflect a sex bias and requires further research.
Then What? Assessing the Military Implications of Chinese Control of Taiwan
Authors: Green Brendan Rittenhouse , Talmadge Caitlin
Published: August 2022

The military implications of Chinese control of Taiwan are understudied. Chinese control of Taiwan would likely improve the military balance in China's favor because of reunification's positive impact on Chinese submarine warfare and ocean surveillance capabilities. Basing Chinese submarine warfare assets on Taiwan would increase the vulnerability of U.S. surface forces to attack during a crisis, reduce the attrition rate of Chinese submarines during a war, and likely increase the number of submarine attack opportunities against U.S. surface combatants. Furthermore, placing hydrophone arrays off Taiwan's coasts for ocean surveillance would forge a critical missing link in China's kill chain for long-range attacks. This outcome could push the United States toward anti-satellite warfare that it might otherwise avoid, or it could force the U.S. Navy into narrower parts of the Philippine Sea. Finally, over the long term, if China were to develop a large fleet of truly quiet nuclear attack submarines and ballistic missile submarines, basing them on Taiwan would provide it with additional advantages. Specifically, such basing would enable China to both threaten Northeast Asian sea lanes of communication and strengthen its sea-based nuclear deterrent in ways that it is otherwise unlikely to be able to do. These findings have important implications for U.S. operational planning, policy, and grand strategy.
The Effects of Willpower on Chinese Primary and Secondary School Students’ Creativity
Authors: Chai Meng , Wan Wentao , Yan Songzhang , Lu Sichun
Published: August 2022

Creativity of primary and secondary school students is a major focus of research in the educational science. In this study, we examined how willpower affects the creativity of Chinese primary and secondary school students and what role the knowledge reserves and creative thinking play in this process. Specifically, we hypothesize that (a) elementary and middle school students’ willpower has a direct positive effect on their creativity, (b) willpower influences their creativity mediated by knowledge reserves and creative thinking, and (c) willpower influences their creativity development through a significant serial multiple mediating effect of knowledge reserves and creative thinking. In this study, a total of 5,176 primary and middle school students ranging from the grade 1 to 9 completed a set of questionnaires assessing willpower, knowledge reserves, creative thinking, and creativity. We used structural equation modeling to test the relationship between the variables in the Research Objectives. Results indicate that the direct positive effect of elementary and middle school students’ willpower on creativity production is weak, and the indirect effect mediated by knowledge reserves and creative thinking is significant. Results suggest that cultivating primary and secondary school students’ willpower is important to enhance their creativity, and teachers can better help Chinese primary and secondary school students develop their creativity by not only choosing appropriate teaching strategies in the process of creative education, but also by paying attention to making willpower closely integrated with the knowledge reserves and creative thinking.
Empowered for Liberation?
Authors: Padgett Isaiah C.
Published: August 2022

This article explores the historic divide between two prominent voices in Latin American Christianity: Pentecostalism and Liberation theology. Given the theological differences between the two camps, especially regarding socioeconomic status and theological praxis, prior attempts at dialogue have ultimately resulted in little constructive progress. However, little theological attention has been given to mutual discussion of the subject of the Holy Spirit. Therefore, this article will attempt to place understandings of pneumatology in Pentecostalism in conversation with Liberation theology, specifically the work of José Comblin. Though both groups have differing understandings of the Spirit’s role in society, it is thus argued that pneumatology and the concept of empowerment can serve as a previously neglected avenue for dialogue between Pentecostalism and Liberation theology.
Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann im öffentlich-literarischen Diskurs der Frühaufklärung
Authors: Dziudzia Corinna
Published: August 2022

The focus is on the early Enlightenment poet Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann (1711–1740) and the exemplary examination of some of her scholarly letters that have been published under her own name. Especially in the correspondence with the Hamburgische Berichte von neuen Gelehrten Sachen, Zäunemann’s case proves that female authors of the early Enlightenment were by no means excluded from the literary-public discourse of their time per se or that they primarily wrote private-sentimental letters, but rather participated with a variety of epistolary forms and could become the subject of reporting themselves.
Empfindsame Urbanität
Authors: Kühlmann Wilhelm
Published: August 2022

Sophie von La Roche’s ‘Letters on Mannheim’ (1791) are examined in the context of their origin as well as in the wide and complex field of epistolary forms, purposes and themes. The study analyses La Roche’s autobiographical, journalistic and cultural-pedagogical claim in these letters as well as its hybrid character as a work of literature, which oscillates between fictionality and factuality. Even though this document of the late Enlightenment deals with important personalities, landmarks and institutions of Mannheim (such as the theatre), everyday questions of behavioural culture and intellectual orientation are repeatedly addressed. Thus, the multipurpose nature of public letter writing in late eighteenth century will be demonstrated with a characteristic example.
Verbriefte Ehe
Authors: Harst Joachim
Published: August 2022

This article deals with the adaptation of the correspondence of Abelard and Heloisa in the form of the heroic epistle which became popular in the 18th century. It pursues the thesis that in going back to Ovid, the heroic epistle and its discourse of love stands in a contradictory relationship to the Christian correspondence of the medieval lovers. Therefore, the early modern adaptations ignore the community-building function of the love story and have to rewrite it in terms of unfulfilled love.
Thyroid Cancer Incidence, Clinical Presentation, and Survival Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders
Authors: Moon Peter K. , Chakoma Tatenda , Ma Yifei , Megwalu Uchechukwu C.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To assess the incidence, clinical presentation, and survival in Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) patients with well‐differentiated thyroid cancer.

Study Design

This population‐based incidence analysis and retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Setting

Incidence analysis included patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2014, while the cohort to study clinical presentation and survival comprised patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015.

Methods

Incidence rates and trends were compared among NHPI, Asian, and non‐Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Clinical presentation was assessed via multivariable logistic regression. Survival was assessed per Cox regression.

Results

Recent incidence trends (2009‐2014) show that the rate of increase remained consistent among NHPI patients (annual percentage change, 3.67%; 95% CI, 2.66%‐4.69%), while it slowed in the NHW population and plateaued among Asians as compared with previous years. NHPI patients were more likely to present with distant metastasis than NHW patients (odds ratio, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.97‐5.36) and Asian patients (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.05‐2.97). NHPI race was also associated with advanced T stage and nodal metastasis as compared with the NHW race. Survival outcomes were similar among NHPI, NHW, and Asian patients.

Conclusion

Well‐differentiated thyroid cancer incidence has increased at a higher rate for the NHPI population as opposed to the NHW and Asian populations in recent years. NHPI patients are more likely to present with advanced disease when compared with NHW and Asian patients. These results highlight the importance of disaggregating the often‐combined Asian/Pacific Islander group in epidemiologic studies.
Tissue plasminogen activator in left ventricular assist device-related intravascular hemolysis after failed augmented anticoagulation
Authors: Kenneth Sims Robert , Srour Nina , El Nihum Lamees I , Hannawi Bashar , Araujo-Gutierrez Raquel , Cruz-Solbes Ana S , Trachtenberg Barry H , Hussain Imad , Kim Ju H , Kassi Mahwash , Graviss Edward A , Nguyen Duc T , Estep Jerry , Bhimaraj Arvind , Guha Ashrith
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of adding fibrinogen-guided low-dose multi-day Alteplase™ tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the management of intravascular hemolysis (IVH) in patients with the HeartMate II (HM-II) continuous flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) who failed to achieve IVH resolution with conventional augmented anticoagulation (AAC).

Background:

IVH in patients with LVAD is often treated with AAC, failing which pump exchange is considered. We hypothesized that a trial of low-dose tPA after failed AAC therapy could resolve IVH and prevent pump exchange in some patients.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study of 31 HM-II CF LVAD patients admitted to our center from January 2015 to January 2020 for IVH management who received tPA following failed AAC. Primary 6-month outcomes included successful IVH resolution, unsuccessful IVH resolution requiring pump exchange, gastrointestinal bleeding, ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and death.

Results:

Thirty-one patients with IVH were treated with tPA following failed AAC. Successful resolution of IVH occurred in 22/31 (71%) patients. Pump exchange occurred in 9/31 (29%) patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 7/31 (22.6%) patients. Ischemic CVA occurred in 6/31 (19.4%) patients.

Conclusions:

Management of IVH with administration of low-dose tPA after failed AAC is feasible and may prevent pump exchange in some patients.
Validation of a Measure of District Systems Implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Kittelman Angus , Mercer Sterett H. , McIntosh Kent , Morris Kelsey R. , Hatton Heather L.
Published: August 2022

District leadership teams perform key roles in building the systems to support schools in the implementation of Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). However, there is a lack of measures for assessment and progress monitoring specific to district PBIS systems. To address this gap, we evaluated the validity of a measure of implementation of district PBIS systems, the District Systems Fidelity Inventory (DSFI). Using 183 school districts and 760 schools implementing PBIS, we found the DSFI to have good evidence of structural validity for measuring nine aspects of district systems (Leadership Teaming, Stakeholder Engagement, Funding and Alignment, Policy, Workforce Capacity, Training, Coaching, Evaluation, and Local Implementation Demonstrations). We also found DSFI subscales to be moderately related to school-level PBIS implementation fidelity, providing evidence of convergent validity. We describe how leadership teams can use the DSFI to improve PBIS implementation and student outcomes.
Impact of Online Racism on Suicide Ideation Through Interpersonal Factors Among Racial Minority Emerging Adults: The Role of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness
Authors: Keum Brian TaeHyuk
Published: August 2022

While a growing number of studies have documented significant links between online racism (e.g., racist interactions, contents on racial violence) and comorbid factors (e.g., depression) associated with suicide risk, no studies have examined whether online racism predicts suicide ideation and if interpersonal factors can help explain this link. Thus, the current study examined the direct relationship between online racism and suicide ideation among racial minority emerging adults, and the indirect relationships via the interpersonal factors (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness). Using data from a convenience sample of 338 racial minority emerging adults, we conducted a path analysis with online racism predicting suicide ideation through thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Online racism significantly predicted suicide ideation via perceived burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness. Post hoc multi-group analysis found that this pathway was consistent across Black, Asian, and Latinx groups but was completely mediated for the Asian group. The findings suggest that online racism can increase feelings of being a burden to society, which can trigger thoughts of suicide. This process may be particularly salient among Asian individuals. Implications for future research are discussed.
Do Adult Attachment Style or Personality Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Late-Life Depression in Poor Communities?
Authors: Gomes Jardim Gabriel Behr , Gomes Irenio , Mehdi Gholam , Ranjbar Setareh , Engroff Paula , Santos Milena Antunes , Neto Alfredo Cataldo , von Gunten Armin
Published: August 2022

Objective

Childhood maltreatment is associated with late-life depression. Preliminary evidence indicates that personality characteristics, in particular neuroticism and extroversion, and an anxious attachment style mediate this association. The objective is to evaluate 3 models, in which personality and attachment are considered mediators between childhood maltreatment and late-life depression in a socioeconomically disadvantaged Brazilian population.

Methods

This study included participants (n = 260) from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods of Porto Alegre, Brazil, who completed measures of childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – CTQ), personality characteristics (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), attachment styles (Relationship Scales Questionnaire), and geriatric depression (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus). General multiple and sequential mediation analyses were used to test for possible associations.

Results

Attachment anxiety but not attachment avoidance is a mediator between childhood maltreatment and geriatric depression. Neuroticism is a full mediator. At that, attachment anxiety was found to be a predictor of neuroticism. Finally, sequential mediation analysis shows a path from childhood maltreatment to geriatric depression through attachment anxiety and neuroticism.

Conclusions

The results suggest a pathway from childhood maltreatment to anxious attachment, which in turn predicts higher neuroticism that itself may favor late-life depression. This hypothesis could have implications for older adults living in low socioeconomic settings in that treating the high-risk group of maltreated children may help prevent late-life depression.
Socioecological Framework for Drivers of Conflict and Postconflict Violence Against Women and Girls
Authors: Murphy Maureen , Contreras-Urbina Manuel , Spearing Michelle , Swaine Aisling
Published: August 2022

This article advances our understanding of the drivers and multidimensional nature of conflict-related violence against women and girls (CRVAWG). It presents an adapted socioecological model, which supports research, analysis, and programming and can be further adapted as the empirical evidence base grows. Although models to help explore violence against women and girls generally have advanced over recent decades, these have not addressed the specific dynamics of conflict-affected settings. This article makes a unique contribution by bringing together research on CRVAWG and presenting a new model for deepening current approaches to understanding and preventing CRVAWG.
Reflexivity Conducting Mixed Methods Research on Indigenous Women’s Health in Lower and Middle-Income Countries - An Example From Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Shahinoor , Rich Jane Louise , Davies Kate , Inder Kerry Jill
Published: August 2022

Indigenous women’s health in low and middle-income countries continues to experience exclusions from the mainstream context and has remained underrepresented in health research, including qualitative research. Based on mixed methods research (comprising qualitative and quantitative methods) into Indigenous women in Bangladesh, this article addresses the reflexivity of a non-Indigenous researcher studying Indigenous women’s health issues in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. As reflexivity is a crucial strategy to ensure rigor in qualitative research, understanding how the characteristics and experiences of the study may influence the research process is of paramount importance. For non-Indigenous researchers working in an Indigenous context, the imperative to understand one’s impact and position within the research becomes even more critical. Unfortunately, non-Indigenous researchers often avoid providing appropriate detail on reflexivity aspects in conducting research, particularly mixed-method research, among Indigenous communities in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. In this reflexive evaluation, the researchers of this mixed method study evaluate the introspective reflexivity; reflect on the pre-research stage in developing collaborative and negotiated design and reflect on positionality during fieldwork and data analysis to consider interpersonal and collective dynamics during the research process. Strategies are offered to harvest the benefits of the researcher’s familiarity with the subject and limit any unfavorable consequences. Directions for future research include integration of research methods, using qualified Indigenous researchers, engaging Indigenous community leaders, and collecting data using native language to respect and value the culture and voice of Indigenous communities.