bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying High-Risk Intersections for Walking and Bicycling Using Multiple Data Sources in the City of San Diego
Authors: Hasani Mahdie , Jahangiri Arash , Sener Ipek Nese , Munira Sirajum , Owens Justin M. , Appleyard Bruce , Ryan Sherry , Turner Shawn M. , Ghanipoor Machiani Sahar
Published: June 2019

Over the last decade, demand for active transportation modes such as walking and bicycling has increased. While it is desirable to provide high levels of safety for these eco-friendly modes of travel, unfortunately, the overall percentage of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities increased from 13% to 18% of total road-related fatalities in the last decade. In San Diego County, although the total number of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities decreased over the same period of time, a similar trend with a more drastic change is observed; the overall percentage of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities increased from 19.5% to 31.8%. This study aims to estimate pedestrian and bicyclist exposure and identify signalized intersections with highest risk for walking and bicycling within the city of San Diego, California, USA. Multiple data sources such as automated pedestrian and bicycle counters, video cameras, and crash data were utilized. Data mining techniques, a new sampling strategy, and automated video processing methods were adopted to demonstrate a holistic approach that can be applied to identify facilities with highest need of improvement. Cluster analysis coupled with stratification was employed to select a representative sample of intersections for data collection. Automated pedestrian and bicycle counting models utilized in this study reached a high accuracy, provided certain conditions exist in video data. Results from exposure modeling showed that pedestrian and bicyclist volume was characterized by transportation network, population, traffic generators, and land use variables. There were both similarities and differences between pedestrian and bicycle models, including different spatial scales of influence by mode. Additionally, the study quantified risk incorporating injury severity levels, frequency of victims, distance crossed, and exposure into a single equation. It was found that not all intersections with the highest number of pedestrian and bicyclist victims were identified as high-risk after exposure and other factors such as crash severity were taken into account.
Vibrational Heat Transfer Intensification in an Annulus with a Deformable Boundary
Authors: Kozlov Nikolai
Published: June 2019

An experimental study is carried out on heat transfer in a horizontal liquid annulus at boundary oscillations. The inner boundary is formed by a copper rod that is heated using electric current. The outer boundary is made of an elastic silicone tube brought to oscillations by two electrodynamic vibrators situated symmetrically on the opposite sides. In the absence of vibrations, a classic natural convection is observed. Vibrations excite steady time‐average flows in the fluid. The steady flows make the gravity‐induced flow structure transform, and the heat transfer is intensified. In the analysis, it is shown that the heat transfer in the studied system is determined by a competition between the natural convection and steady streaming. A domain of parameters is found where the latter dominates.
Learning Domain-Independent Deep Representations by Mutual Information Minimization
Authors: Wang Ke , Liu Jiayong , Wang Jing-Yan
Published: June 2019

Domain transfer learning aims to learn common data representations from a source domain and a target domain so that the source domain data can help the classification of the target domain. Conventional transfer representation learning imposes the distributions of source and target domain representations to be similar, which heavily relies on the characterization of the distributions of domains and the distribution matching criteria. In this paper, we proposed a novel framework for domain transfer representation learning. Our motive is to make the learned representations of data points independent from the domains which they belong to. In other words, from an optimal cross-domain representation of a data point, it is difficult to tell which domain it is from. In this way, the learned representations can be generalized to different domains. To measure the dependency between the representations and the corresponding domain which the data points belong to, we propose to use the mutual information between the representations and the domain-belonging indicators. By minimizing such mutual information, we learn the representations which are independent from domains. We build a classwise deep convolutional network model as a representation model and maximize the margin of each data point of the corresponding class, which is defined over the intraclass and interclass neighborhood. To learn the parameters of the model, we construct a unified minimization problem where the margins are maximized while the representation-domain mutual information is minimized. In this way, we learn representations which are not only discriminate but also independent from domains. An iterative algorithm based on the Adam optimization method is proposed to solve the minimization to learn the classwise deep model parameters and the cross-domain representations simultaneously. Extensive experiments over benchmark datasets show its effectiveness and advantage over existing domain transfer learning methods.
Pulmonary Type B Niemann-Pick Disease Successfully Treated with Lung Transplantation
Authors: O’Neill R. S. , Belousova N. , Malouf M. A.
Published: June 2019

Background. Niemann-Pick Disease (NPD) type B is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterised by hepatosplenomegaly and pulmonary disease, highlighted by preserved volumes and diminished diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) on pulmonary function tests (PFTs). There is no current accepted treatment for the disease. We present a case of a successful bilateral lung transplant in a patient with a DLCO of 14%, and significant pulmonary changes attributable to NPD type B on computed tomography (CT) chest, and both microscopic and macroscopic assessment of the lung explant. To the author’s knowledge this is only the third case of lung transplantation in a patient with NPD type B and is one of two current living patients post lung transplantation for NPD type B. Case Report. A 64-year-old male patient underwent bilateral lung transplantation for NPD type B. Preoperative PFTs demonstrated preserved volumes with significantly decreased DLCO, with imaging showing a diffuse reticular interstitial pattern, typical of chronic fibrotic lung disease. The patient suffered from primary graft dysfunction type 3 in the postoperative period as well as rejection managed with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. The patient improved steadily and was discharged 80 days post-transplantation. Conclusions. This case is only the third reported case of lung transplantation in a patient with NPD type B and the second case of a patient with NPD type B currently living post-transplantation, being at postoperative day (POD) 267 at the time of manuscript drafting. It demonstrates that lung transplantation, although hazardous, is a viable strategy for treatment in patients with NPD type B who have significant pulmonary involvement.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Interleukin-8 and -10 in Yellow Catfish and in Response to Bacterial Pathogen Infection
Authors: Xiao Yingping , Yu Lintian , Gui Guohong , Gong Yujie , Wen Xueting , Xia Wenrui , Yang Hua , Zhang Long
Published: June 2019

The yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is an important economic freshwater aquaculture species in Asia. However, little is known about its immune response to bacterial pathogen infection. Here, two cytokines, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), were identified and characterized in the yellow catfish for the first time. We found that the full length of the IL-8 cDNA was 784 bp and contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 336 bp, while the IL-10 gene was 973 bp in length with a 549 bp of ORF. In addition, both the IL-8 and the IL-10 had similar tissue-specific expression patterns. They were more abundant in the spleen and lowest expressed in the liver. Furthermore, IL-10 but not IL-8 was significantly upregulated in the intestine of yellow catfish by feed supplementation ofClostridium butyricum(CB).More importantly, the expression levels of intestinal IL-10 and IL-8 were up- and downregulated by pathogenAeromonas punctatastimuli with the presence of CB, respectively. Collectively, these results suggest that IL-10 and IL-8 mediate important roles in the immunity of yellow catfish, and feed supplementation of CB may able to reduce the intestinal inflammation caused by bacteria infections through regulating the expression of IL-10 and IL-8.
Analgesic Effects of Cnidium officinale Extracts on Postoperative, Neuropathic, and Menopausal Pain in Rat Models
Authors: Lim Eun Yeong , Kim Jae Goo , Lee Jaekwang , Lee Changho , Shim Jaewon , Kim Yun Tai
Published: June 2019

Cnidium officinale, widely cultivated in East Asia, has been reported to exhibit pharmacological efficacy in various disorders. However, little has been reported on its role as a pain killer. In this study, we reveal that the C. officinale extract (COE) has great efficacy as a novel analgesic in various in vivo pain models. Administration of COE attenuated hypersensitivity in all postoperative, neuropathic, and menopausal pain models. Decreased hyperalgesia was confirmed by a mechanical withdrawal threshold assay and ultrasonic vocalization call analysis. In addition, application of COE inhibited the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines and calpain-3 on dorsal root ganglion neurons in a spared nerve injury rat model. Treatment with ferulic acid, which was identified as one of the components of COE by HPLC analysis, alleviated nociceptive behaviors. Our findings suggest that ferulic acid is an active compound from COE, and COE is a potential phytomedical source for pain relief by inhibiting the process of inflammation.
Some New Half-Linear Integral Inequalities on Time Scales and Applications
Authors: Liu Haidong
Published: June 2019

The main aim of this paper is to establish some new half-linear integral inequalities on time scales. Our results not only extend and complement some known integral inequalities, but also provide a handy tool for the study of qualitative properties of solutions of some dynamic equations.
Replacement name for Alishania Bickel, 2004 (Diptera Dolichopodidae)
Authors: BICKEL DANIEL J.
Published: June 2019

Alishania Bickel, 2004 was proposed for a single species, A. elmohardyi, from Taiwan. At the time, a search of the Nomenclator Zoologicus and the Zoological Record did not reveal this name to be preoccupied, and the Vilbaste paper appears to have been overlooked by both references.  However, I was kindly informed that Alishania is preoccupied by Vilbaste, 1969 for a Homoptera genus, also from Taiwan. As these names are homonyms, Alishanimyia is proposed as a replacement name for Alishania Bickel 2004.
Species of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1784 from the Indian and Pacific Oceans and reestablishment of the genus Galacantha A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae)
Authors: MACPHERSON ENRIQUE
Published: June 2019

Sixty-six species of the genus Munidopsis have been studied using specimens collected during numerous French expeditions carried out in the last decades in the deep-waters of the southwest Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans, between 140 and 4400 m. Twenty-five new species are described, and the diagnoses and illustrations of some relatively rare species (M. africana, M. debilis, M. lenzii, M. moresbyi, M. orcina, M. sinclairi, M. stylirostris and M. wardeni) are provided. The reestablishment of the genus Galacantha is proposed, including the descriptions/diagnoses and a key to all species. The genus contains nine species, including three new species (G. bellis, G. diomedeae, G. quiquei n. sp., G. rostrata, G. spinosa, G. subrostrata n. sp., G. subspinosa n. sp., G. trachynotus and G. valdiviae). The number of species collected by station is very small (usually one species), probably related to their low densities. However, in some samples, as many as five species have been found. The highest number of species have been observed in the Banda Sea (Indonesia) and Solomon Islands. The new records of some species greatly extend the previously known distribution range of the species.
Leonardo Sciascia in the pages of di guardia! Quindicinale della Federazione dei Fasci di Combattimento di Caltanissetta
Authors: Francese Joseph
Published: June 2019

In this article I examine, within their historical context, eleven editorial commentaries by Leonardo Sciascia published in 1940–1941 in di guardia!, the bi-weekly publication of the Fasci di Combattimento di Caltanissetta. These opinion pieces deal almost exclusively with foreign policy. Consideration of them within their here and now allows me to compare and contrast the image of the youthful Sciascia that emanates directly from the pages of di guardia! with the myriad autobiographical statements the writer made in hindsight and in support of a public self-image crafted and honed over the four decades following the end of the Second World War. A cornerstone of that image is an antifascist awakening catalyzed by the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). Yet Sciascia’s contributions to di guardia!—all perfectly in line with typical Fascist war propaganda—paint the portrait of a young man who is very much in agreement with Mussolini’s foreign policy, suggesting that the writer’s conversion to anti-Fascism took place in the period following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and during the Allied occupation of Sicily. I also cast into relief how Sciascia, as his public self-image evolved, utilized writing strategies—atypical syntactical structures and rhetorical devices such as the pluralis maiestatis—designed to objectify the subjective. In this way he convinces his readers, in a very subtle, almost imperceptible way, to align their perspective of the past with his.
Planning for Disaster Resilience in Japan: Integration of ‘Build Back Better’
Authors: Potutan Gerald
Published: June 2019

‘Build back better’, as a policy, is an integral part of planning for disaster resilience in Japan. This policy puts emphasis on addressing the underlying causes of disaster vulnerability during the recovery process so that people, infrastructures and assets can withstand the impacts of future disasters. Enforcing ‘Build back better’ policy offers a range of benefits: it prevents loss of life and property from future disasters; it stimulates economic activities; and it generates co-benefits. However, as a policy, countries around world do not have a common understanding of what ‘build back better’ means, including how to achieve and sustain it. This article reviews the case of Japan and argues that enforcement of ‘Build back better’ policy demands regular drills and simulations, making it part of the ‘culture of resilience’.
‘Holistic Sustainability’ Policies: Preserving Local Cultural Identity in the UAE in the Face of Globalisation
Authors: Daleure Georgia
Published: June 2019

Fifty elders of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), recalling life before nationalisation in 1971, were interviewed to gain insight into their attitudes and beliefs as part of an investigation into how those beliefs are reflected in modern priorities of the UAE. The UAE was considered one of the poorest countries in the mid-1900s. Yet, after independence, utilising revenues from newly found oil reserves, a modernisation plan catalysed rapid development. For the UAE, holistic sustainability, encompassing cultural, economic, social and environmental dimensions, became the model for continued economic and political stability in a troubled region. The findings of the study revealed that the elders valued family closeness and education, depending on the contributions of women in society. These concepts carried forward into modern policies and legislation and emphasised by the leadership of the UAE to maintain cultural uniqueness yet thrive in the global social and economic environment.
Effect of Psychological Distance on Intention in Self-Affirmation Theory
Authors: Shin Myoungjin , Kim Yeonjin , Park Seungha
Published: June 2019

In previous studies, self-affirmation has been shown to have no effect or have a negative impact on intention to change. We applied construal level theory to examine possible reasons for inconsistencies among findings in existing self-affirmation studies. In Study 1, when female college students in their 20s ( N = 113) received health threat information with a psychologically proximal breast cancer message, it induced low-level construal and increased specific physical activity intention. In Study 2, when self-affirmed participants were exposed to health threat information with a psychologically distal Alzheimer’s disease message, there was no increase in specific physical activity intention. These results suggest that when a discrepancy exists between the psychological distance of health threat information and the intention reflecting the construal level, no change of intention occurs, even in self-affirmed individuals.
Why Does Social Class Affect Subjective Well-Being? The Role of Status and Power
Authors: Yu Siyu , Blader Steven L.
Published: June 2019

The link between social class and subjective well-being (SWB) has been an important topic of inquiry, with broad implications for understanding the psychology of social class and the determinants of SWB. Prior research on this topic has focused primarily on the extent to which social class affects SWB and the factors that moderate that impact. We extend prior work by examining the concerns that account for why social class shapes SWB. In particular, we examine the role of status and power in mediating the impact of one’s social class on one’s SWB. Across five studies, we theorize and find that status mediates the impact of social class on SWB and, moreover, that status is a stronger mediator of this link than is power. Overall, these studies advance scholarly research on the psychology of social hierarchy by clarifying the interplay between social class, status, and power in relation to SWB.
Feeding young people to the social investment machine: The financialisation of public services
Authors: De St Croix Tania , Mcgimpsey Ian , Owens John
Published: June 2019

Public services operate increasingly through financialising policy technologies in which governments and other funders ‘invest’ in programmes and interventions that can measure and monetise their social impact. This article investigates this shift towards social investment, focusing on the UK government’s flagship youth programme the National Citizen Service and UK government Treasury guidance, particularly the ‘Green Book’ (HM Treasury, 2018). We argue that policy on social value operates in conjunction with new approaches to impact measurement creating a ‘social investment machine’. The machine operates through innovations in policy alongside ‘evaluation entrepreneurship’ at a programme level to reposition young people as the subjects of investment with imagined futures as economically productive citizens, while their data becomes the currency of investment. This shift towards financialisation in policy also promotes ‘high volume’ services, which in contrast to universal welfare services obscure the structural inequalities that shape young people’s lives.
Aligning against Indigenous jurisdiction: Worker savings, colonial capital, and the Canada Infrastructure Bank
Authors: Stanley Anna
Published: June 2019

This paper considers the significance of the newly conceived Canada Infrastructure Bank in relation to the political economy of settler colonialism in Canada. I argue that the Canada Infrastructure Bank is a fundamentally colonial institution that marshals private capital to reproduce and extend the jurisdictional power of the setter state. The Bank is an arms-length financing institution whose purpose is to leverage private and institutional capital for investment in large scale, nation-building infrastructure, including infrastructure that supports resource extraction in remote and northern Canada. The first section of the paper examines the specific configuration of the Canada Infrastructure Bank. I suggest that the need to attract private investment into certain kinds of infrastructure development must be understood in relation to state struggles to exercise territorial jurisdiction over Indigenous lands and resources. This struggle is reflected in the specific configuration of the Canada Infrastructure Bank. The second part of the paper focuses on some of the implications of pension securitization. The Canada Infrastructure Bank has deliberately been designed to leverage Canadian pension fund capital; I ask what it means to grow settler workers’ savings through investment in privatized, resource development infrastructure.
Understanding the Multimodal Evacuation Behavior for a Near-Field Tsunami
Authors: Mostafizi Alireza , Wang Haizhong , Dong Shangjia
Published: June 2019

This paper presents an agent-based tsunami evacuation modeling (ABTEM) framework in Netlogo to analyze the impact of various multimodal evacuation behaviors on life safety for a near-field tsunami. The objective of this work is to investigate how: milling time, choice of modes (i.e., walking and automobile), and critical variables involved in an evacuation scenario (e.g., walking, driving speed), affect life safety. Using the city of Seaside, Oregon, which is one of the most vulnerable cities on the Oregon coast, as a study site, different evacuation scenarios are included in the model to assess the impact of parameters involved on the mortality rate in a tsunami evacuation event. The results show that: choice of evacuation mode strongly and non-linearly influences the expected number of casualties; use of vehicles leads to the creation of congestion and bottlenecks, and thus, higher mortality rate; the mortality rate is strongly correlated with milling time; and the mortality rate is sensitive to the variations in average walking speed of the population. The results will help emergency managers, community leaders, and city and state agencies in their decision-making process for creating effective and efficient evacuation plans to increase life safety and community resilience.
Midblock Pedestrian Crash Predictions in a Systemic, Risk-Based Pedestrian Safety Process
Authors: Kumfer Wesley , Thomas Libby , Sandt Laura , Lan Bo
Published: June 2019

Although pedestrian fatalities and injuries in the United States decreased for decades at a rate similar to vehicule occupant fatalities, recent years have seen substantial increases in the pedestrian fatality counts and rate. Most concerning is that the growth in pedestrian fatalities seems to be outstripping any gains in safety. There may be many contributing factors to these increases, including changes in population dynamics, vehicular design, and travel trends, but under more traditional, crash-focused roadway safety management practices, systemic risk patterns are difficult to discern and address. Moreover, locations of risk for pedestrians may be overlooked because important, network-level data types are not collected or analyzed, and pedestrian crashes are often relatively infrequent at specific locations. This paper presents the results of efforts to develop the data profile and analysis methods for a risk-based, systemic pedestrian safety approach. Using 8 years of segment data from the entire street network of the city of Seattle, the research team developed safety performance functions for two types of collision between motor vehicles and pedestrians. These predictive models were used, in conjunction with identified risk factors and countermeasures effectiveness data, to develop a systemic screening tool to identify sites that may benefit from treatment. The end goal of this research is a framework that allows practitioners to identify and prioritize locations within a jurisdiction that are risky for pedestrians and to identify and implement effective, appropriate treatments at many such locations.
Modeling Pedestrian and Motorist Interaction at Semi-Controlled Crosswalks: The Effects of a Change from One-Way to Two-Way Street Operation
Authors: Fricker Jon D. , Zhang Yunchang
Published: June 2019

A large number of crosswalks are indicated by pavement markings and signs, but are not signal-controlled. In this paper, such a location is called “semi-controlled.” At locations where such a crosswalk has moderate amounts of pedestrian and vehicle traffic, pedestrians and motorists often engage in a non-verbal “negotiation” to determine who should proceed first. This paper describes the detailed analysis of video recordings of more than 3,400 pedestrian–motorist interactions at semi-controlled crosswalks. The study also took advantage of a conversion from one-way operation in spring 2017 to two-way operation in spring 2018 on the street chosen for data collection and analysis. This permitted before and after studies at the same location. The pedestrian models used mixed effects logistic regression and binary logistic regression to identify factors that influence the likelihood of a pedestrian crossing under specified conditions. The complementary motorist models used generalized ordered logistic regression to identify factors that impact a driver’s likelihood of decelerating, which was found to be a more useful factor than likelihood of yielding to pedestrian. The data showed that 56.5% of drivers slowed down or stopped for pedestrians on the one-way street. This value rose to 63.9% on the same street after it had been converted to two-way operation. Moreover, two-way operation eliminated the effects of the presence of other vehicles on driver behavior. Relationships were found that can lead to policies and control strategies designed to improve the operation of such a crosswalk.
Impact of Phase Sequence on Cycle Length Resonance
Authors: Day Christopher M. , Emtenan A. M. Tahsin
Published: June 2019

The concept of resonant cycle length, that there are certain cycle lengths that may provide excellent progression owing to corridor geometry and other factors, has some currency as a potential strategy for cycle length selection. Past studies have identified resonant cycles under certain conditions and demonstrated benefits from use of the strategy as a means of selecting cycle length. The present study revisited the concept in application to flow-based models of traffic signal performance, highlighting the impact of phase sequence optimization. The phenomenon of cycle length resonance was explored for corridors with equal and randomly generated spacing between intersections, and finally for a field-calibrated corridor. Under each scenario, the performance of different cycle lengths was explored under two optimization strategies: optimization of only offsets, and optimization of both offsets and phase sequence. It was found that phase sequence has a substantial impact on the performance of coordination. Optimized phase sequences were found to yield 8% to 14% improvement in performance compared with use of the default sequence. For corridors where a resonant cycle length was evident, when phase sequences could also be adjusted, the poorer performance of non-resonant cycle lengths could be mitigated by optimizing phase sequence. Although use of a resonant cycle length is likely to yield good performance for some corridors under appropriate conditions, the use of a phase sequence optimization strategy is likely to have a strong impact on most corridors, and could be more impactful than selection of a resonant cycle length.
Research on Method of Determining Speed Limit Value of Block Community
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Zhang Yu , Fan Shaosha
Published: June 2019

Where enclosed or gated residential communities contribute to traffic congestion on surrounding streets, the implementation of the block community can alleviate traffic congestion to some extent, but it will also have an impact on the environment of the community. By analyzing the characteristics of the block community, this paper selects the typical cell and takes speed as the starting point to consider the operational efficiency of the road network, and the traffic noise and automobile exhaust pollution, comprehensively. The time cost model of the block community, the vehicle exhaust cost model, and the traffic noise cost model are constructed. On this basis, the total cost model of the road network system is constructed, and the speed limit value within the block community is determined with the lowest total cost. Taking the Ouzhouxincheng Community in Harbin, China, as an example, the cost calculation is carried out according to the open plan to determine the optimum speed limit system.
Safety Service Patrol Uniforms: Technology, National Practices, and Operator Preferences
Authors: Carrick Grady , Belmore Katherine
Published: June 2019

Safety service patrols operate in more than 40 states and territories in the United States and each program operates with unique vehicles, uniforms, and equipment. Despite the variety of operator uniforms, legal and technical requirements at a national level dictate some choices, though color and style are largely at the discretion of states. Past research confirms that high-visibility safety apparel (HVSA) increases visibility. Biomotion markers on the joints further enhance visibility. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies that personnel working in the right-of-way wear a Class 2 or 3 HVSA. A survey of states where service patrols operate found the majority use high-visibility yellow-green over red-orange, and Class 3 garments are preferred over Class 2. In relation to the base uniform, there is a mixture of maintenance-type uniforms, polo shirts, and no uniform specification at all. In a survey of Florida service patrol program managers and operators, conveying professionalism, comfort, and safety were the most valued aspects of uniforms. Operators understand the need to care and maintain HVSA, but may overestimate their ability to be seen at night by between two and four times the actual distance they are visible. When given a choice, operators preferred dark trousers with biomotion markers, though they were roughly split between the polo shirt/vest option and the integrated HVSA shirt that does not require use of a vest. A uniform protective outerwear was favored by almost all operators, and a ball cap was the headwear of choice.
Polyvictimization and Cybervictimization Among College Students From France: The Mediation Role of Psychological Distress and Resilience
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Smith Kevin , Hébert Martine , Derivois Daniel
Published: June 2019

Few studies have explored potential associations between polyvictimization and cybervictimization and even fewer have involved in college-age sample. As it has been shown in the literature, polyvictimization is associated with higher psychological distress and lower resilience. This study is aimed to model the association between polyvictimization and cybervictimization by testing the mediating role of psychological distress and resilience. The sample included 4,626 undergraduates from France. Participants completed questionnaires assessing cybervictimization, polyvictimization (emotional abuse from parents, exposure to interparental violence, parental neglect, unwanted sexual touching, and unwanted sexual intercourse), psychological distress, and resilience. Results show that each form of victimization considered was significantly associated with cybervictimization. Also, polyvictimized participants presented higher prevalence of cybervictimization. The association between polyvictimization and cybervictimization was partially mediated positively by psychological distress and negatively by resilience. In fact, more cybervictimization was observed among polyvictimized participants with a high score of psychological distress, whereas fewer cybervictimization was observed in those with a high score of resilience. This study provides a new understanding of the mechanisms involved in cybervictimization that can help to better prevent and intervene with victims. Our results suggest that mental health professionals should assess childhood experiences of victimization when they are working with cybervictims. They also suggest the need for mental health professionals to help both polyvictimized and cybervictimized youth to develop resilience skills and coping strategies.
Prediction of biomechanical behavior of lumbar vertebrae using a novel semi-rigid stabilization device
Authors: Jain Pushpdant , Khan Mohammed Rajik
Published: June 2019

The work investigates the effect of proposed novel semi-rigid stabilization device on lumbar segment L2-L3 so as to preserve motion at vertebral level. Here, the biomechanical behavior of intact spine with three instrumented spinal models (semi-rigid stabilization device, rigid implant and dynamic stabilization system NFlex) have been compared under the motion conditions of flexion, extension, bending and twist. Three-dimensional non-linear finite models of intact spine, semi-rigid stabilization device, rigid implant and dynamic stabilization system NFlex were developed in the present study. All the four models were subjected to a combined load of 400 N in axial compression along with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 N m as bending moment individually. Dynamic stabilization system NFlex shows the maximum variation in motion and reflects range of motion as 89.7% during lateral bending, 53.4% in flexion, 34.6% in twist and 28.0% in extension with respect to intact spine. However, semi-rigid stabilization device and rigid implant shows the range of motion of 60%, 48.7%, 32% and 21.8% and 60%, 32.3%, 22.3% and 21.7% of intact, respectively, during bending, flexion, twist and extension. Finite element simulation results reveal that semi-rigid stabilization device shows comparatively lower values than dynamic stabilization system NFlex and higher as compared to rigid implant for measured intradiscal pressure and von Mises strain at intervertebral disc-23.
A review of recent developments in mathematical modeling of bone remodeling
Authors: Della Corte Alessandro , Giorgio Ivan , Scerrato Daria
Published: June 2019

In this article, we summarize the developments in the mathematical modeling of the mechanics of bone and related biological phenomena. We will devote special attention to the results of the last 10–15 years, although we will cover some relevant classical work to better frame the more recent researches. We will propose a division of the literature based on the main aim of the model (mechanical/biomathematical) and the type of biological phenomena considered (stimulus, growth, cell population dynamics). Finally, we will suggest some possible directions for future investigations.
Motivational Factors Influencing Retention of Village Health Workers in Rural Communities of Bhutan
Authors: Tshering Dolley , Tejativaddhana Phudit , Siripornpibul Taweesak , Cruickshank Mary , Briggs David
Published: June 2019

Village health workers (VHWs) are the first contact extending vital health services to unreached and underserved communities in Bhutan. VHWs truly embody the principles of primary health care and are effective catalysts in promoting community health. This study identifies and confirms factors motivating VHWs to remain in the health care system. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design. Two-stage cluster sampling was used with VHWs from 12 districts representing 3 regions of Bhutan. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data analysis. Findings reveal a 4-factor model of motivations among VHWs that includes social, personal, job related, and organizational factors. Among these, the social factor most significantly motivates VHWs to remain in the health care system. VHW motivation can be further fostered by providing a holistic combination of financial and nonfinancial incentives that recognize intrinsic needs and empower innate altruism.
Severe hypersensitivity allergic reaction to filgrastim in a healthy stem cell donor
Authors: Doval Divya , Choudhary Dharma , Sharma Sanjeev K , Khandelwal Vipin
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Granulocyte–colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been approved for use for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the marrow into the blood for peripheral blood stem cell collection. Commonly reported side effects of G-CSF include deep throbbing bone pain, severe myalgia and leucocytosis.

Case report

We describe a case of severe hypersensitivity anaphylactoid reaction after filgrastim administration in a healthy stem cell donor. This haploidentical donor was a 38-year old man with sickle cell trait, donating stem cells for his son, a case of sickle cell disease. On administration of G-CSF (10 µg/kg) he developed features of anaphylaxis.

Management and outcome

He was given supportive care with oxygen, IV fluid bolus, anti histaminics and steroids. The donor had complete recovery and underwent successful bone marrow harvest.

Conclusion

There have been various reports of hypersensitivity anaphylactoid reactions in patients undergoing chemotherapy but those associated with the first dose of G-CSF in healthy stem cell donors have rarely been reported.
A Good Night’s Sleep Matters for Tourists: An Empirical Study for Hospitality Professionals
Authors: Hon Alice H. Y. , Fung Clare P. Y.
Published: June 2019

The most important service hotels provide to their overnight guests is a good environment for sleeping. Business and holiday travelers have different perceptions of what makes a good sleep environment, and these perceptions are associated with satisfaction levels and return intentions. We develop and test a research model for guest satisfaction by drawing on trait activation theory. The model examines, simultaneously, the interactions between three sleep management practices and two types of travelers. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, we find that traveler type moderates the relationship between the three sleep management practices—bed amenities, room design, and room environment—and guest satisfaction, which ultimately influences guest return intentions. The results indicate that offering the appropriate sleep environment for different types of travelers enhances their satisfaction levels and intentions to return. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Exploring correlations between anatomic characteristics of dialysis arteriovenous fistula stenosis and arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate (Qa)
Authors: Nassar George M , Beathard Gerald
Published: June 2019

Background:

Radiologic justification for endovascular treatment of a dialysis arteriovenous fistula circuit stenosis is currently based on ⩾50% severity. However, the clinical significance of any given stenosis is not always clear. The minimum luminal diameter of any stenotic lesion in the arteriovenous fistula circuit might exert a more predictive effect on the arteriovenous fistula blood flow rate (Qa).

Methods:

To investigate relationships between anatomic parameters of stenosis and Qa, this study was conducted in a cohort of patients with a variety of arteriovenous fistula stenotic lesions. The goals were to determine (1) the degree of correlation between arteriovenous fistula stenosis estimated during the procedure, and that which is measured, and (2) the correlations between two anatomic stenosis parameters (percent stenosis and stenosis minimum luminal diameter) and Qa.

Results:

The cohort comprised 113 patients. Only a moderate correlation between estimated and measured stenosis was seen. A correlation between measured stenosis and Qa for the whole cohort was not seen, but a weak correlation between estimated stenosis and Qa was seen. Correlations between stenosis minimum luminal diameter and Qa were superior. The superiority of stenosis minimum luminal diameter to percent stenosis in correlating with a Qa of <500 mL/h was also demonstrated by receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Stenosis minimum luminal diameter cutoffs of ⩽2.5 mm or >4 mm seemed to have a good predictive value of Qa.

Conclusions:

Percent stenosis determination is fraught with uncertainty and exhibits a weak correlation with Qa. Compared with percent stenosis, the minimum luminal diameter of the stenosis demonstrates a superior correlation with Qa.
Screening and treatment of trauma-related symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder among community providers in the United States
Authors: Kerns Connor M , Berkowitz Steven J , Moskowitz Lauren J , Drahota Amy , Lerner Matthew D ,   the Usual Care for Autism Study (UCAS) Consortium, Newschaffer Craig J
Published: June 2019

Using a cross-sectional survey of 673 multidisciplinary autism spectrum disorder providers recruited from five different sites in the United States, we examined the frequency with which community-based providers inquire about, screen, and treat trauma-related symptoms in their patients/students and assessed their perceptions regarding the need for and barriers to providing these services. Univariate and bivariate frequencies of self-reported trauma service provision, training needs, and barriers were estimated. Multivariable logistic regressions identified provider and patient-related factors associated with trauma-related symptoms screening and treatment. Over 50% of providers reported some screening and treatment of trauma-related symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Over 70% informally inquired about trauma-related symptoms; only 10% universally screened. Screening and treatment varied by provider discipline, setting, amount of interaction, and years of experience with autism spectrum disorder, as well as by patient/student sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Most providers agreed that trauma screening is a needed service impeded by inadequate provider training in trauma identification and treatment. The findings indicate that community providers in the United States of varied disciplines are assessing and treating trauma-related symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder, and that evidence-based approaches are needed to inform and maximize these efforts.
Shear behavior degradation and failure pattern of reinforced concrete beam with chloride-induced stirrup corrosion
Authors: Lu Zhao-Hui , Li Hai , Li Wengui , Zhao Yan-Gang , Tang Zhuo , Sun Zhihui
Published: June 2019

Reinforcement corrosion exhibits an adverse effect on the shear strength of reinforced concrete structures. In order to investigate the effects of chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel on the shear behavior and failure pattern of reinforced concrete beams, a total of 24 reinforced concrete beams with different concrete strength grades and arrangements of stirrups were fabricated, among which 22 beams were subjected to accelerated corrosion to achieve different degrees of reinforcement corrosion. The failure pattern, crack propagation, load–displacement response, and ultimate strength of these beams were investigated under a standard four-point loading test in this study. Extensive comparative analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of the concrete strength, shear span-to-depth ratio, and stirrup type on the shear behavior of the corroded reinforced concrete beams. The results show that increasing the stirrup yielding strength is more effective in improving the shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams than that of concrete compressive strength. In terms of three types of stirrups, the shear strength of the beams with deformed HRB-335 is least sensitive to stirrup corrosion, followed by the beams with smooth HPB-235 and the beams with deformed HRB-400. The effect of the different stirrups on the shear strength depends on the corrosion degree of stirrup and shear span-to-depth ratio of the beam. The predicted results of shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams by a proposed analytical model are well consistent with the experimental results.
Energy efficient design optimization of a bioclimatic house
Authors: Boukli Hacene MA , Chabane Sari NE
Published: June 2019

The global energy context of the year 2018 makes us pessimistic about the future. The geopolitical, environmental and socio-economic aspects are linked to the political tensions of countries that hold and manipulate the global energy market. These countries are haunted by the population growth, the depletion of fossil resources and the global economic crisis. Each country is trying to find reasonable solutions to deal with this crisis. Unfortunately, these solutions always have direct negative repercussions on the population and on the environment. In this paper we present a case study developed in Algeria and inspired by the current and critical socio-economic situation of the country, in particular, the application of energy-saving techniques to an existing building. The investigation was conducted by using both simulation software and real interventions. We analyse some of the major components, such as building’s orientation and exposure to daylight which have significant impact on energy consumption. We present the concept of Building Performance Simulation Analysis, using Autodesk ECOTECT Analysis and COMSOL Multiphysics software, and give full consideration to various ecological energy-saving methods. Using our models, we present a possible solution for retrofitting a building to minimize its energy consumption. The results are useful for both building energy conversation and creating a comfortable living environment in future.
A regulatory perspective on the influence of health information technology on organisational quality and safety in England
Authors: Martin Guy , Arora Sonal , Shah Nisha , King Dominic , Darzi Ara
Published: June 2019

Health information technology can transform and enhance the quality and safety of care, but it may also introduce new risks. This study analysed 130 healthcare regulator inspection reports and organisational digital maturity scores in order to characterise the impact of health information technology on quality and safety from a regulatory perspective. Although digital maturity and the positive use of health information technology are significantly associated with overall organisational quality, the negative effects of health information technology are frequently and more commonly identified by regulators. The poor usability of technology, lack of easy access to systems and data and the incorrect use of health information technology are the most commonly identified areas adversely affecting quality and safety. There is a need to understand the full risks and benefits of health information technology from the perspective of all stakeholders, including patients, end-users, providers and regulators in order to best inform future practice and regulation.
Managing visibility on YouTube through algorithmic gossip
Authors: Bishop Sophie
Published: June 2019

Beauty vloggers’ feminised outputs often position them outside of traditional spheres of technical expertise, however, their strategic management of algorithmic visibility makes them an illuminating source of algorithmic knowledge. I draw from an ethnography of beauty vloggers and industry stakeholders to study the collaborative and directive processes used to formulate and sustain algorithmic expertise – algorithmic gossip. Algorithmic gossip is defined as communally and socially informed theories and strategies pertaining to recommender algorithms, shared and implemented to engender financial consistency and visibility on algorithmically structured social media platforms. Gossip is productive: community communication and talk informs and supports practices such as uploading frequently and producing feminised beauty content to perform more effectively on YouTube. Taking gossip seriously can present a valuable resource for revealing information about how algorithms work and have worked, in addition to revealing how perceptions of algorithms inform content production.