bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The essay film as address: The epistle as relational act
Authors: Munro Kim
Published: April 2018

The epistle has long associations with the essay film not only through the notable filmmakers who have used the form, but also in how it addresses an audience. This tendency reflects the lineage of the development of the Montaignian literary essay from private letter to public audience. In this article I explore the use of the epistolary address, both formally within the text, and as part of the filmmaking process in the construction of a subjectivity that is always relational and contingent. Framed by a number of essayistic works that make use of the epistle – the filmed correspondences of José Luis Guerin, Jonas Mekas, Fernando Eimbcke and So Yong Kim (2009–11), Chantal Akerman’s News from Home (1977) and Ross McElwee’s The Photographic Memory (2012) – this article discusses the process of making my film, Closer Than They Appear (Munro, 2016). I also draw on theories of epistolary transcendence of time and space (Naficy) and collective subjectivity (Braidotti). Through these films I propose the letter film to be a transformative process that shifts the filmmaker’s subjectivity towards a more collective and relational position through the act of address.
The Issue of Shunting of the Affected Phase in Compensated Medium Voltage Networks
Authors: Cimbolinec Ivan , Švec Jan , Hubený Jaroslav
Published: April 2018

Permanently increasing size of the capacitive currents in medium voltage networks becomes a limiting factor in their operation. This negative trend is manifested especially in the mixed networks, where the proportion of cable gradually increases in comparison with the overhead medium voltage lines. The residual currents in the one-pole insulation faults in the medium voltage system, in insulation fault site are continually increasing. Large investment funds are necessary for full elimination of the fault currents, while other known ways used in the partial elimination of the size of the fault currents have some technical limitations. In this article, the positive and negative sides of the method “Shunting of the affected phase in compensated medium voltage networks” are then evaluated.
2009 ve 2015 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programlarının Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleriyle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Ütkür Nur
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2015 Hayat Bilgisi
Öğretim Programı ile 2009 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programı arasındaki
farklılıkların ve yeni programa ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin neler olduğunun belirlenmesidir.
Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda nitel özellik taşıyan bu çalışmada, doküman incelemesi
ve açık uçlu anket kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Açık uçlu anketin
uygulandığı katılımcılar, 2015 programına göre ders işleyen sınıf
öğretmenlerinden seçilmiştir. Yapılan
içerik analizi sonucunda, 2015 programında temalar yerine ünitelerin bulunduğu,
kazanım ve becerilerin azaltıldığı ve değerlerin arttırıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bu konudaki düşünceleri incelendiğinde, kazanımların
azaltılmasını olumlu ve olumsuz bulanların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca
öğretmenlerin programla ilgili olumlu bulduğu noktalarda, tekrar eden konuların
kaldırılması, kazanımların birbiriyle ilişkili ve öğrenci düzeyine uygun hale
getirilmesi ile etkinliklerin sade olması bulunmaktadır. Öğretmenlerin olumsuz
bulduğu konular, beceri ve değerlerin kazanımlarla eşleştirilmemesi,
etkinliklerin birbirini tekrar etmesi ve yeterli olmamasıdır. Öğretmenlerin
Hayat Bilgisi programlarında bulunması gereken özelliklere yönelik
önerilerinin, farklı yöntem ve tekniklerin yer alması, etkinliklerin öğrenci
seviyesine uygun olması, birbirini tekrar eden nitelikte olmaması, eğlenceli
hale getirilmesi ve öğrencilerin yaşantılarından etkinliklerin yer almasına
yönelik olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Denetime İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Gündüz Yüksel , Elma Cevat , Aslan Hüseyin
Published: April 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
denetlenenlerin denetime ilişkin tutumlarını ölçen, geçerli ve güvenilir bir
ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Bu araştırmanın evrenini 2016-2017 öğretim yılında
Samsun İli merkez ilçelerinde görev yapan yönetici ve öğretmenler
oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini ise, bu evrenden random olarak seçilen ve
araştırmaya gönüllü katılmayı kabul eden 554 yönetici ve öğretmen
oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin, açımlayıcı faktör analizi kullanılarak
29 madde üzerinden yapılan analizden sonra
özdeğeri 1’in üstünde olan üç alt boyuttan oluştuğu anlaşılmıştır. Üç alt
boyutun birlikte açıkladığı toplam varyans yüzdesi ise 65,17 olmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizine göre ise,
bütün maddelerin ilgili faktörler altında anlamlı bir yapı oluşturduğu ve
standart faktör yük değerlerinin .30 ve üzerinde olduğu görülmüştür.  Ölçeğin toplam puanlarının
Cronbach’s Alpha değerleri .95, Guttman değeri .87 ve Spearman Brown değeri .87
olmuştur. Bu değerler, “Denetime İlişkin Tutum
Ölçeği”nin denetlenenlerin denetime
ilişkin tutumlarını ölçmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm yapabileceğinin kanıtı olarak kabul edilebilir.
Nasionalisme, Negara-Bangsa, dan Integrasi Nasional Indonesia: Masih Perlukah?
Authors: Sulistiyono Singgih Tri
Published: April 2018

This article based on small and trivial statements but actually has a very basic content that is often raised by some of the younger generations about the lack of importance of nationalism, nation-state and national integration of Indonesia. Perhaps such a statement is a reflection of the mood of thinking and taste of the young generation who are the mile-generation immersed in the euphoria of globalization and the advances in technology and communications and information that make the world like a village, often referred to as a 'global village'. Depart from that reality, this article aims to reflect the understanding of nationalism, nation-state, and national integration, utilizing previous studies conducted by the experts.
Editorial
Authors: Utama Mahendra Pudji , Amaruli Rabith Jihan
Published: April 2018

Reformasi telah berjalan selama 20 tahun. Namun, persoalan integrasi nasional tetap mengemuka dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Politik identitas yang berbasis primordialisme seperti agama, suku, dan antargolongan sering kita lihat dan menjadi konsumsi masyarakat. Jika persoalan tidak mendapatkan perhatian, ancaman disintegrasi bangsa yang berakar dari perpecahan sosial akan semakin meningkat. Realitas itu menginspirasi tim redaksi Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha untuk mengangkat tema khusus pada edisi ini, yakni integrasi nasional dan multikulturalisme. Secara sederhana, integrasi nasional dapat didefinisikan sebagai upaya untuk menyatukan seluruh unsur suatu bangsa dengan pemerintah dan wilayahnya. Proses penyatuan itu mencakup berbagai kelompok sosial dan budaya dalam satu wilayah dalam membentuk identitas nasional serta membangun rasa kebangsaan dengan menghapus kesetiaan pada ikatan-ikatan primordial. Strategi ini penting mengingat, sebagai sebuah bangsa dengan budaya yang begitu beragam, Indonesia akan terus mengalami ancaman dari luar. Di sisi lain, pada saat yang bersamaan, integrasi nasional juga akan selalu berhadapan dengan persoalan internal seperti gaya politik kepemimpinan, kekuatan lembaga-lembaga politik, ideologi nasional, dan kesempatan pembangunan ekonomi. Nilai-nilai fundamental yang disepakati dan dijadikan rujukan bersama penting untuk selalu dipromosikan sebagai upaya untuk menghasilkan integrasi nasional tidak lain karena integrasi nasional merupakan conditio sine qua non yang harus dipenuhi untuk mencapai kejayaan nasional.
Wyzwania ewangelizacji w realizacji prorockiego zadania Kościoła podejmowane przez Jana Pawła II w przemówieniach i homiliach wygłoszonych podczas pielgrzymek do Ameryki Łacińskiej
Authors: ŚLUSARCZYK OLGA
Published: April 2018

Wyzwania ewangelizacji w realizacji prorockiego zadania Kościoła podejmowane przez Jana Pawła II w przemówieniach i homiliach wygłoszonych podczas pielgrzymek do Ameryki Łacińskiej
Wczesna ewangelizacja Meksyku i Ameryki Północnej
Authors: MIOTK ANDRZEJ
Published: April 2018

Wczesna ewangelizacja Meksyku i Ameryki Północnej
Katolicka odnowa charyzmatyczna w Republice Konga
Authors: ATŁAS TOMASZ
Published: April 2018

Katolicka odnowa charyzmatyczna w Republice Konga
Alawici – czciciele Słońca czy Boga Najwyższego?
Authors: Rzym Magdalena
Published: April 2018

This article presents that numerous unorthodox syncretic groups, which are composed of the elements of various religions, and emerged from Islam over the centuries. Their distinguishing feature was the exaggerated cult of some personalities, generally Ali Ibn Abi Talib. One of these movements is the Alawis that plays an important political role in Syria nowadays. The originality of the Alawis’ worship and doctrine is expressed by the importance of the sun and the moon, among others things. The light is the essence of God and the sun or the moon is considered God’s dwelling.
Nonparametric Interval Estimators for the Coefficient of Variation
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Formica Margaret K. , Liu Song
Published: April 2018

The coefficient of variation (CV) is a widely used scaleless measure of variability in many disciplines. However the inference for the CV is limited to parametric methods or standard bootstrap. In this paper we propose two nonparametric methods aiming to construct confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation. The first one is to apply the empirical likelihood after transforming the original data. The second one is a modified jackknife empirical likelihood method. We also propose bootstrap procedures for calibrating the test statistics. Results from our simulation studies suggest that the proposed methods, particularly the empirical likelihood method with bootstrap calibration, are comparable to existing methods for normal data and yield better coverage probabilities for nonnormal data. We illustrate our methods by applying them to two real-life datasets.
SBML Level 3 package: Multistate, Multicomponent and Multicompartment Species, Version 1, Release 1
Authors: Zhang Fengkai , Meier-Schellersheim Martin
Published: April 2018

Rule-based modeling is an approach that permits constructing reaction networks based on the specification of rules for molecular interactions and transformations. These rules can encompass details such as the interacting sub-molecular domains (components) and the states such as phosphorylation and binding status of the involved components. Fine-grained spatial information such as the locations of the molecular components relative to a membrane (e.g. whether a modeled molecular domain is embedded into the inner leaflet of the cellular plasma membrane) can also be provided. Through wildcards representing component states entire families of molecule complexes sharing certain properties can be specified as patterns. This can significantly simplify the definition of models involving species with multiple components, multiple states and multiple compartments. The SBML Level 3 Multi Package (Multistate, Multicomponent and Multicompartment Species Package for SBML Level 3) extends the SBML Level 3 core with the “type” concept in the Species and Compartment classes and therefore reaction rules may contain species that can be patterns and be in multiple locations in reaction rules. Multiple software tools such as Simmune and BioNetGen support the SBML Level 3 Multi package that thus also becomes a medium for exchanging rule-based models.
Addressing Human Rights Concerns in the Extractive Resource Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa using the Lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol
Authors: Abe Oyeniyi , Ordor Ada
Published: April 2018

In June 2014, the African Union, Heads of States and Government adopted the Protocol on Amendments to the Protocol on the Statute of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (known in short as the Malabo Protocol). If ratified, the Protocol would expand the jurisdiction of the proposed African Court of Justice and Human Rights to adjudicate matters of corporate criminal liability in Africa. This paper analyses the prospects of advancing corporate respect for human rights and access to judicial remedies by victims of corporate human rights abuse through the lens of Article 46 (C) of the Malabo Protocol. The departure point is that the adoption and ratification of the Protocol would be an important step in preventing or stopping human rights violations by corporate actors in Africa’s extractive resource industry. This position is predicated on the inference that the expanded jurisdiction provided by the Malabo Protocol is consistent with the commitment of African countries to implement Pillar II of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Guiding Principles) on respect for human rights by corporate entities. In addition, the Malabo Protocol’s proposal to adjudicate corporate criminal liability is consistent with Pillar III of the Guiding Principles on the provision of remedies for human rights violations. Creating a regional approach to address corporate criminality is an important African solution to a pressing African problem.
Effectiveness of treatment with endostatin in combination with emcitabine, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Yu Xun , Zhang Lemeng , Chen Jianhua
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerance of endostatin combined with gemcitabine and carboplatin for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

From January 2010 to January 2014, 49 patients with advanced NSCLC were retrospectively evaluated; we defined 2 subgroups: a combination group (chemotherapy + anti-angiogenic therapy) and a chemotherapy group (chemotherapy only). The cases in the chemotherapy group received treatment with gemcitabine and carboplatin only, whereas the cases in the combination group received endostatin in combination with gemcitabine and carboplatin. The patients received 2 cycles of treatment (21 days/cycle). The clinical efficacy and adverse events were observed and compared.

The disease control rate in the combination group was significantly higher compared with the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). When comparing the cases of squamous carcinoma, the disease control rate in the combination group was significantly higher than the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the progression free survival in the combination group was higher than that for the chemotherapy group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

The combination of endostatin with chemotherapeutic agents is improve to the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC favorably; the adverse events of this regimen are well tolerated.
Crystal structure of (E)-3-(3-(5-methyl-1-4-tolyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, C31H26N8O
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Mohamed Hanan A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , El-Enin Mohammed Abu Bakr Abu , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: April 2018

C31H26N8O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.6046(3) Å, b = 15.1056(8) Å, c = 15.2115(8) Å, α = 61.996(2)°, β = 80.390(3)°, γ = 87.579(2)°, V = 1319.97(12) Å3, Z = 2, R
int = 0.108, wR(F
2) = 0.143, T = 296(2) K.
The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS—Some Thoughts on Complexity and Uncertainty
Authors: Kleist David
Published: April 2018

The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI), which was signed in June 2017, raises a multitude of questions relating not only to the text of the treaty provisions but also to the way the MLI will interact with tax treaties, for instance, and what it will mean for the future development of tax treaty law and international cooperation in tax matters. This article focuses on two aspects of the MLI. First, it deals with the substance of the MLI by providing an overview of its background and content, including the many options available to the contracting states under the MLI. Second, some thoughts are presented on the effects of the MLI in terms of complexity and uncertainty.
Evaluation of dosimetric effect caused by slowing with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaves for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Wang Iris Z. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. , Podgorsak Matthew B.
Published: April 2018

Background

This study is to report 1) the sensitivity of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) QA method for clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf errors that will not trigger MLC interlock during beam delivery; 2) the effect of non-beam-hold MLC leaf errors on the quality of VMAT plan dose delivery.

Materials and methods.

Eleven VMAT plans were selected and modified using an in-house developed software. For each control point of a VMAT arc, MLC leaves with the highest speed (1.87-1.95 cm/s) were set to move at the maximal allowable speed (2.3 cm/s), which resulted in a leaf position difference of less than 2 mm. The modified plans were considered as ‘standard’ plans, and the original plans were treated as the ‘slowing MLC’ plans for simulating ‘standard’ plans with leaves moving at relatively lower speed. The measurement of each ‘slowing MLC’ plan using MapCHECK®2 was compared with calculated planar dose of the ‘standard’ plan with respect to absolute dose Van Dyk distance-to-agreement (DTA) comparisons using 3%/3 mm and 2%/2 mm criteria.

Results

All ‘slowing MLC’ plans passed the 90% pass rate threshold using 3%/3 mm criteria while one brain and three anal VMAT cases were below 90% with 2%/2 mm criteria. For ten out of eleven cases, DVH comparisons between ‘standard’ and ‘slowing MLC’ plans demonstrated minimal dosimetric changes in targets and organs-at-risk.

Conclusions

For highly modulated VMAT plans, pass rate threshold (90%) using 3%/3mm criteria is not sensitive in detecting MLC leaf errors that will not trigger the MLC leaf interlock. However, the consequential effects of non-beam hold MLC errors on target and OAR doses are negligible, which supports the reliability of current patient-specific IMRT quality assurance (QA) method for VMAT plans.
Development of Sulfur Modified Bituminous Paving Mixes Containing Sand as Aggregates
Authors: Jena Subhashree , Panda Mahabir , Bhuyan Prasanta Kumar
Published: April 2018

Aggregates obtained from natural stone resources are the main source of infrastructure, including road-pavement construction. In keeping pace with economic development, rapid industrialization, and urbanization, natural stone resources are depleting at an alarming rate, which is a major concern for future construction activities. Keeping this issue in mind, the use of locally available materials as a substitute for aggregates, particularly in road construction, is a major research interest. Because sand is available abundantly in some places such as coastal deltaic plains and desert areas, it is necessary to evaluate the potential of sand as an alternative to the stone aggregates. But because of its low stability, sand-bituminous mixes were not found to be suitable for pavement construction. The advantageous effects of using sulfur with construction materials motivated the authors to develop sand-bitumen mixes modified by locally available commercial sulfur. This research addressed the procedure to develop the sulfur modified sand bituminous mixes. The influences of mixing parameters such as mixing sequences, mixing temperature, and mixing time on performance characteristics of the mix were evaluated. Marshall properties of the mixes with varying proportions of sand, sulfur, and bitumen at different levels of compaction were studied, and the results were analyzed for drawing conclusions.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Medical Management of the Adult Patient with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ataya Ali , Chung Julian , Cope Jessica , Alnuaimat Hassan
Published: April 2018

Congenital heart disease (CHD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes a heterogeneous patient population that can be characterized by the underlying cardiac malformation. CHD-associated PAH has an estimated prevalence of 5–10% in adult patients, with an increasing number of patients surviving to adulthood because of advances in the surgical management and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted pharmacotherapy. Although limited data exist, targeted PAH pharmacotherapy has proven to be beneficial in patients with CHD-associated PAH, with observed improvement in functional class, increase in exercise capacity, and improvement in quality of life and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Additionally, there has been increasing interest in the “treat-to-close” strategy. PAH-targeted pharmacotherapy may be used to optimize cardiopulmonary hemodynamics so as to improve patients’ operability in repairing the cardiac defect. Although there have been significant advances in the management of this disease state in the past 2 decades, mortality remains high, and ongoing clinical trials are needed to better understand the treat-to-close strategy.
Educating to Forgive as an Expression of Concern for Order in a Person's Natural Environment. Part 2: The Need for Forgiveness and its Effects
Authors: Wyrostkiewicz Michał
Published: April 2018

The paper describes the question of forgiveness and its importance in the process of the integral development of the human person. After earlier perceiving and accepting these anthropological premises, we can think of forgiveness as a necessity. The foundations of such thinking are two basic premises. The first of these is the belief in the inevitability of mistakes, therefore, potentially blaming other people. These faults and, on the other hand, harm suffered, disrupt proper interpersonal relationships, and returning to them is possible only through the act of forgiveness. The second premise is the natural need for justice, which is the realization of the naturally desired good by man. The forgiveness should be included into everyone's agenda and be presented as an imperative whose implementation is a condition of one's development, and the initial condition for order in a social environment
Selected Determinants of Children’s Helpfulness at the Early School Age on the Basis of Selected Schools in Myslenice County (Poland)
Authors: Bajak Monika
Published: April 2018

Prosocial behaviour is not constant, it is continually being developed and enriched. It is developed most effectively through social activities and community involvement, but most of all through the participation in the family life. A child becomes a social being through social development. All these social and communal experiences determine children’s willingness to deal and help other people. The aim of this article is to examine a particular type of children’s social behaviour, which is helpfulness. There exists a clear correlation between the structure of the family and the helpfulness of the children which was partially confirmed by the author. There is also an average statistic relationship between the families’ fertility and helpfulness. The author of the paper represents the impact of age peculiarities of a child on his/her social development
The Proprieties of Stigma and the Situation of Human Life in Danger of Stigma
Authors: Świgost Magdalena
Published: April 2018

It is stated that the properties of stigma have the key role in perceiving social relations and own life situation by the person who is in danger of the process of social stigma (Davidio, Major and Crocer, 2008, p. 27–28). It is cognitively interesting how agreeing to the process of social stigma is shown in terms of difficulty that is being activated by specific feature, pressing, in exceptional sense, on seeing and controling the stigma.

This article contains the theoretical analysis of the process of social stigma in relation to its chosen features. There has been done an attempt to present mutual assorted interaction with the influence of blocking predicators or those restoring the process of social self-indicating and indicating
Imaging in Pediatric Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schmidt Julia , Hayward Kathryn S. , Brown Katlyn E. , Zwicker Jill G. , Ponsford Jennie , van Donkelaar Paul , Babul Shelina , Boyd Lara A.
Published: April 2018

CONTEXT:

Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common and poorly understood injury. Neuroimaging indexes brain injury and outcome after pediatric mTBI, but remains largely unexplored.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the differences in neuroimaging findings in children/youth with mTBI. Measures of behavior, symptoms, time since injury, and age at injury were also considered.

DATA SOURCES:

A systematic review was conducted up to July 6, 2016.

STUDY SELECTION:

Studies were independently screened by 2 authors and included if they met predetermined eligibility criteria: (1) children/youth (5–18 years of age), (2) diagnosis of mTBI, and (3) use of neuroimaging.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two authors independently appraised study quality and extracted demographic and outcome data.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two studies met the eligibility criteria, involving 448 participants with mTBI (mean age = 12.7 years ± 2.8). Time postinjury ranged from 1 day to 5 years. Seven different neuroimaging methods were investigated in included studies. The most frequently used method, diffusion tensor imaging (41%), had heterogeneous findings with respect to the specific regions and tracts that showed group differences. However, group differences were observed in many regions containing the corticospinal tract, portions of the corpus callosum, or frontal white-matter regions; fractional anisotropy was increased in 88% of the studies.

LIMITATIONS:

This review included a heterogeneous sample with regard to participant ages, time since injury, symptoms, and imaging methods which prevented statistical pooling/modelling.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data highlight essential priorities for future research (eg, common data elements) that are foundational to progress the understanding of pediatric concussion.
A integração do PNAE com o PRONAF: oportunidades e desafios
Authors: Bosquilia Samira Gaiad Cibim de Camargo , Pipitone Maria Angélica Penatti
Published: April 2018

A agricultura familiar (AF) resistiu como a forma de vida de milhares de homens e mulheres ao longo do tempo, isto porque, apesar do constante avanço do agronegócio, a AF conseguiu se manter como fonte alternativa à violência no campo, êxodo rural, precarização das relações sociais, de emprego e gênero no meio rural, causados por esse modelo agroexportador. Desde 1954 com a Lei nº 11.947 de junho de 2009, o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é posto como mais uma alternativa de mercado para os agricultores familiares comercializarem seus produtos. O presente trabalho trata de uma análise das oportunidades e desafios existentes na interação entre o PNAE e a AF. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores do PNAE, a pesquisa revelou que essa interação enfrenta dois grandes desafios, de como conseguir expandir a aquisição de alimentos para os modelos de gestão adotados no PNAE e como estreitar a relação entre profissionais do PNAE e agricultores familiares. Dentre as potencialidades destaca-se principalmente, o desenvolvimento local, melhora na qualidade vida dos agricultores familiares e melhoria na qualidade dos alimentos fornecidos.
Citotoxicidade de diferentes resinas compostas: um estudo “in vitro” em cultura de macrófagos murine.
Authors: Nascimento Armiliana Soares , Lima Eliane Alves , Sousa Yasmine De Carvalho , Aguiar Jaciana Costa , Silva Teresina Gonçalves , Braz Rodivan
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Estudos de citotoxicidade são necessários, uma vez que quando os compósitos resinosos são expostos ao meio bucal sofrem degradação e os produtos resultantes podem causar lesão celular. Objetivo: avaliar “in vitro” o efeito citotóxico de extratos de compósitos, recém desenvolvidos, em cultura de células Raw, considerando diferentes períodos de exposição. Materiais e Métodos: para cada material foi confeccionado corpos de prova e imersos em meio de cultura (DMEN) para obter os extratos em 24, 48 e 72h. Os extratos obtidos foram aplicados sobre a cultura de macrófagos, por 24h e a viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de MTT. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de friedman e Kruskal Wallis (α=0,05). Resultados: As resinas auras (DC4 e Bulk fill) reduziram significativamente a viabiliadade celular em relação ao controle negativo, independentemente do tempo de exposição. A viabilidade celular exposta ao extrato de 72h, para todas as resinas, exceto a Z350, foi menor que nos demais tempos avaliados. Conclusão: todas as resinas apresentaram potencial citotóxico, contudo mais estudos “in vitro” e de acompanhamento clínico se fazem necessários.
Cisto ósseo aneurismático associado a fibroma ossificante central – relato de caso
Authors: França Glória Maria , Batista Severo Mara Luana , Osório Júnior Haroldo Abuana , Germano Adriano Rocha , Dantas da Silveira Éricka Janine
Published: April 2018

Introdução: O cisto ósseo aneurismático é uma lesão osteolítica benigna que pode ocorrer sozinha ou associada com outras doenças ósseas. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de cisto ósseo aneurismático associado a fibroma odontogênico central e revisão da literatura. Caso clínico: Paciente do sexo feminino, referenciada ao serviço de cirurgia bucomaxilofacial queixando-se de um aumento indolor de 1 ano, na mandíbula. A radiografia panorâmica revelou uma lesão radiolúcida unilocular. Sob anestesia geral foi realizada completa remoção da lesão. Avaliação microscópica confirmou o diagnóstico de cisto ósseo aneurismático associado com fibroma ossificante central e após 1 ano de acompanhamento, não houve evidencia de recorrência. Materiais e métodos: Revisamos casos de associações do cisto ósseo aneurismático com outras lesões ósseas, estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas e recorrências. Conclusão: A remoção incompleta da lesão propicia a ocorrência de recidivas posteriores, logo o tamanho e a presença de lesões ósseas associadas devem ser consideradas no momento da escolha terapêutica.
Cirurgia Ortognática: Assimetria Facial e a Limitação do Planejamento Manual- Correção com Planejamento Virtual (3D)- Relato de caso
Authors: Modonesi Lucas Berlatto
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Os casos de assimetria facial são considerados de maior complexidade dentro do âmbito da cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial, devido a alteração esquelético-morfológica nos três planos do espaço (Pitch, Yaw e Roll). Estas palavras foram trazidas do campo da aviação para o da cirurgia, mais especificamente ao planejamento virtual, para romper as limitações do planejamento manual com a plataforma de Erickson, usados durante décadas para correção não só de casos simples envolvendo movimentos puros dos ossos, como também assimetrias. Objetivo: Este artigo visa relatar um caso de cirurgia ortognática onde foi necessária uma re-operação, como também demonstrar a qualidade do planejamento virtual para a correção de assimetrias. Relato de caso: paciente portadora de assimetria facial, planejada de forma manual (tradicional) e os erros encontrados após 04 anos, levando a uma re-operação baseada em planejamento virtual. Conclusão: Apesar de o planejamento manual ainda ser usado, o mesmo vem caindo em desuso devido as suas limitações, com isso a cirurgia virtual vem ganhando espaço e se superando a cada dia.
Incidência de lesões musculoesqueléticas na prática de ioga na região de campinas.
Authors: Megda Felipe , De Moraes Marco Antonio Alves
Published: April 2018

O ioga chega ao Ocidente encantando pela beleza estética e benefícios. Porém poucos se dedicam a investigar os riscos desta prática. Alguns estudos demonstram a região lombar e joelho como os mais lesionados, no entanto não há dados sobre o assunto em nossa região. Este estudo se propôs a verificar a incidência e correlações ao risco de lesão e regiões lesadas nesta prática. O método usado foi de um questionário semiestruturado, contendo questões de dados pessoais e da rotina dentro das atividades do ioga, aplicado em praticantes maiores de dezoito anos, de ambos os sexos, já praticando há um mês, no mínimo uma vez por semana, com ou sem lesões. Questionários incompletos ou não datados foram excluídos do resultado da pesquisa. Os resultados da amostra válida de 21 sujeitos mostram uma incidência de lesão em 19,05%, confirmando as regiões de coluna lombar e joelho como as mais lesionadas. Os fatores tempo de prática (p=0,003) e idade (p=0,030) obtiveram uma significância estatística relevante, porém com baixa correlação à lesão (r= -0,347 e r= -0,360, respectivamente). Os achados mostraram que o pouco tempo de prática e praticantes de idade mais baixas têm maiores chances de se lesionarem. Apesar da pesquisa não atingir todos os seus objetivos ela abre caminho para a discussão do assunto para futuros estudos que possam ser mais conclusivos.
Suplementação com β-alanina: ação nas reservas glicogênicas musculares e no perfil eletrocardiográfico de ratas.
Authors: Alves Júnior Luiz Carlos , Belotto Patricia Carla Paulino , Pertille Adriana , Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: April 2018

recurso ergogênico que tem sido alvo de estudos é a β-alanina, frente a sua capacidade de promover melhora no desempenho atlético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as reservas glicogênicas (GLI) musculares representado pelo ventrículo (V), diafragma (D) e peitoral (P), além de parâmetros eletrocardiográficos em ratas tratadas com β-alanina.  Foram utilizadas 15 ratas Wistar jovens submetidas a cuidados ideais de bioterismo, divididas em grupos denominados controle (C), tratados com β-alanina por 7 dias (A7) e por 15 dias (A15). Os grupos tratados receberam a β-alanina (Beta Cálcio Alanine®) disponível na água para beber na concentração de 1,8%. Dentro do período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados e os segmentos ST e QT captado (Heart Ware System®); a seguir, os animais foram eutanasiados e os músculos coletados para avaliação das GLI. Os dados foram avaliados através de Anova one way e teste de Tukey, p<0,05. No grupo A7 o ST e QT foram mais lentos se comparado ao C, e no grupo A15 foram mais rápidos se comparado ao C e A7 (p<0,05), indicando que a β-alanina pode modificar a condutância elétrica no músculo cardíaco. O GLI também foi modificado, sendo observado que nos músculos P e D, houve aumento progressivo do 7° a 15º dia de suplementação, condição não observada no V, cujo aumento do GLI ocorreu significativamente no 15º dia. Os dados indicam que a β-alanina pode modificar a condução elétrica no ECG e indiretamente promover elevação nas reservas de glicogênio, por ser secretagogo da insulina.
Identification and Selection for Salt Tolerance in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Ecotypes via Physiological Traits
Authors: MONIRIFAR Hassan , BARGHI Maryam
Published: April 2018

Salt stress is a serious environmental problem throughout the world which may be partially relieved by breeding cultivars that can tolerate salt stress. Plant breeding may provide a relatively cost effective short-term solution to the salinity problem by producing cultivars able to remain productive at low to moderate levels of salinity. Five alfalfa cultivars, ‘Seyah-Roud’, ‘Ahar-Hourand’, ‘Oskou’, ‘Malekan’ and ‘Sefida-Khan’ were assessed for salt tolerance at mature plant stage. A greenhouse screening system was used to evaluate individual alfalfa plants grown in perlit medium, and irrigated with water containing different amounts of NaCl. Three salt levels were achieved by adding 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl to Hoagland nutrient solution, respectively. Forage yield, sodium and potassium contents and K/Na ratio was determined. Also, leaf samples were analyzed for proline and chlorophyll contents. The ecotypes Seyha-Roud and ‘Sefida-Khan’ had comparatively less sodium contents than ‘Oskou’, ‘Ahar-Hourand’ and ‘Malekan’ ecotypes, also potassium content increased under saline condition. Forage yield of different alfalfa ecotypes was significantly influenced by the salinity. The ecotypes ‘Malekan’, Ahar- Hourand and ‘Oskou’ were successful in maintaining forage yield under salinity stress. Sodium contents increased due to salinity in all alfalfa ecotypes however ecotypes ‘Ahar-Hourand’ and ‘Malekan’ maintained the highest leaf Na concentration. They showed higher content of K than other ecotypes but had lower K/Na ratio. It was concluded that, two ecotypes ‘Malekan’ and ‘Ahar-Hourand’ were better.
Evaluation of Application Methods Efficiency of Zinc and Iron for Canola(Brassica napus L.)
Authors: BYBORDI Ahmad , MAMEDOV Garib
Published: April 2018

In order to evaluation of application method efficiency of zinc and iron microelements in canola, an experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station of Eastern Azerbaijan province in 2008. The experimental design was a RCBD with eight treatments (F1: control, F2: iron, F3: zinc, F4: iron + zinc in the form of soil utility, F5: iron, F6: zinc, F7: iron+ zinc in the form of solution foliar application, and F8: iron + zinc in the form of soil utility and foliar application). Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among treatments on given traits, antioxidant enzymes activity, fatty acids percentage, plant height, seed weight to capitulum weight ratio, protein percentage, oil percentage, oil yield, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium percentage of leaves, zinc and iron content of leaves and capitulum diameters. The highest seed yield, oil yield, oil percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed weight to capitulum weight ratio and protein percentage were obtained from the soil and foliar application of iron + zinc treatments (F8). Also, the highest amounts of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentration in leaves were achieved from control treatment which was an indication of non-efficiency of iron and zinc on the absorption rate of these substances in the leaves. The correlation between effective traits on the seed yield, such as, capitalism diameter, number of seed rows in capitulum, seed weight to capitulum weight ratio and 1000 seed weight were positively significant. In general, foliar and soil application of zinc and iron had the highest efficiency in aspect of seed production. The comparison of the various methods of fertilization showed that foliar application was more effective than soil application. Also, micronutrient foliar application increased concentration of elements, especially zinc and iron. Antioxidant enzymes activity was different in response to treatments also the highest palmitoleic, oleic and myristic acid were observed in F6 and F7 treatments.
Genetic Analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and Pinus sylvestris forma turfosa L. Using RAPD Markers
Authors: ÁBRAHÁM Beáta , MIKLÓSSY Ildikó , KOVÁCS Erika , TAMÁS Éva , MÉSZÁROS Ildikó , SZILVESZTER Szabolcs , BREZEANU Aurelia , LÁNYI Szabolcs
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity within and among Ciuc basin, Romania (populations from Mohos and Luci raised bogs in Harghita Mountain and Sumuleu in Ciuc Mountain) Pinus sylvestris populations using molecular markers. Two of populations (Mohos and Luci) seems to be the descendants that survived the continental glaciation. Genetic diversity was analyzed by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Nine primers were selected for analysis, which generated reproducible bands. On base of presence or absence of homologues bands Nei’s gene diversity, the percentage of polymorphic loci and Nei’s unbiased genetic distance were calculated. The level of genetic variation among populations was found to be low. For both populations the variation values among populations were higher than within populations. The fossil records and geological historical data explain the extremely low genetic diversity of this species. Pinus sylvestris experienced strong bottlenecks during its evolutionary history, which caused the loss of genetic variation. Genetic drift and breeding in post-bottlenecked small populations may be the major forces that contribute to low genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations. Human activities may have accelerated the loss of genetic diversity in Pinus sylvestris.
Seasonal Abundance of Micro Algae in Pandi Backwaters of Godavari Estuary, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: NARASIMHA RAO Geddada Mohan , PRAGADA Prayaga Murty
Published: April 2018

Gautami branch of Godavari River is a typical positive estuary and is in tidal communication with the open sea upto a point near Kapileswarapuram. This branch flows southwest and opens into Bay of Bengal at two places, namely Bhiravapalem and Kothapalem. The Gautami branch of Godavari is also connected to Pandi backwaters by a channel known as Pedderu, which starts at Kothapalem, Balusutippa area and enters Pandi back water system. Two stations were selected for collection of data. Hydrographical data were collected for one year from July 2006 to 2007 and the data on distribution of phytoplankton was studied in three seasons during 2006-2007. Hydrographical features of the two stations showed that lower values were recorded during October to February months, while higher values were reported from the month of March to September. A total 57 species of phytoplankton were identified from the two study sites of the Pandi backwaters Composition of phytoplankton varied seasonally in relation to salinity fluctuations and showed that two peak periods, one in June-July and another in between December and March. Present study indicates that diatoms are the dominant group followed by the Chlorophyceae and others. This study will aid the baseline data for aqua-culturists in nearby regions.
Sequential Path Model for Grain Yield in Soybean
Authors: SEDGHI Mohammad , AMANPOUR-BALANEJI Bahman
Published: April 2018

This study was performed to determine some physiological traits that affect soybean,s grain yield via sequential path analysis. In a factorial experiment, two cultivars (Harcor and Williams) were sown under four levels of nitrogen and two levels of weed management at the research station of Tabriz University, Iran, during 2004 and 2005. Grain yield, some yield components and physiological traits were measured. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that grain yield had significant positive and negative association with measured traits. A sequential path analysis was done in order to evaluate associations among grain yield and related traits by ordering the various variables in first, second and third order paths on the basis of their maximum direct effects and minimal collinearity. Two first-order variables, namely number of pods per plant and pre-flowering net photosynthesis revealed highest direct effect on total grain yield and explained 49, 44 and 47 % of the variation in grain yield based on 2004, 2005, and combined datasets, respectively. Four traits i.e. post-flowering net photosynthesis, plant height, leaf area index and intercepted radiation at the bottom layer of canopy were found to fit as second-order variables. Pre- and post-flowering chlorophyll content, main root length and intercepted radiation at the middle layer of canopy were placed at the third-order path. From the results concluded that, number of pods per plant and pre-flowering net photosynthesis are the best selection criteria in soybean for grain yield.
Palynology of the Genus Stachytarpheta Vahl. (Verbenaceae)
Authors: ADEDEJI Olubukola
Published: April 2018

The exine morphology of pollen grains of Stachytarpheta indica (Linn.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl and Stachytarpheta angustifolia (Mill.) Vahl is reported. This study was carried out with a light microscope. Pollen grains from fresh anthers were collected and aceolysed. Statistical analysis used to analyse the data collected include cluster analysis, correlation analysis, similarity and distance indices. The pollen grains are spheroidal to oblate to sub-oblate in shape. They are aperturate, both colpate and porate. Tricolpate types occur most frequently, acolpate, monocolpate, bicolpate and tetracolpate types less frequently. The multicolpate and multiporate attributes in all the species indicate that the genus is not primitive in evolutionary history and this species probably, evolved around in the same time. According to the size, the pollen grains of the genus falls into groups permagna (pollen diameter 100-200 μm) and giganta (pollen diameter greater than 200 μm). S. cayennensis and S. anguistifolia belong to group permagna and S. indica only in the group giganta. This separates S. indica from the other two species. The large pollen grain size in the genus clearly supports the fact that the flowers in the genus are more insect-and-bird pollinated than wind pollinated. The similarity and distance indices of the species showed that S. cayennensis and S. angustifolia are the closest. S. indica is closer to S. angustifolia but farther from S. cayennensis.
Response of Antioxidative Enzymes to Cadmium Stress in Leaves and Roots of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: EL-BELTAGI Hossam Saad , MOHAMED Amal A. , RASHED Mohamed M.
Published: April 2018

Presented study has demonstrated that exposure of plants to toxic heavy metal Cd results a reduction in plant growth. Varied concentrations of CdCl2, ranging from 0.0 to 50 ppm in the germinating media reduced leaf area of radish plant, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Greater loss of chlorophyll b content than chlorophyll a was observed especially under 50 ppm Cd exposure. With regards to the distribution of Cd in roots and leaves, the obtained data showed that the maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by leaves. Generally, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu declined in leaves compared to the roots. Furthermore, substantial increases were observed in antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD), in Cd-stressed plants in comparison with control. The Cd stress also induced several changes in CAT and POD isozyme profiles and enhanced their activities. The results suggest that the reduction of leaf area and pigment content together with antioxidant enzymes and isozyme patterns can be used as indicators to Cd contamination.
Use of Medicinal Plants in Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-STUART Armando Enrique
Published: April 2018

Mexico has a rich tradition in medicinal plant use within its diverse traditional healing practices. Many people have used medicinal herbs to treat a variety of diseases and ailments for many generations. Located in the northeast, Monterrey is Mexico’s third largest city and one of the most industrialized cities in Latin America. In spite of widespread use of modern pharmaceuticals, and the availability of "scientific" or mainstream medicine in this city, many people still rely on traditional healers, as well as the use medicinal plants to combat illness. This study was undertaken in order to obtain information regarding the most popular medicinal plants used in Monterrey, as well as their uses, forms of application, and origin. Thirteen herbal providers voluntarily accepted to be interviewed within 2 of the city’s largest popular herbal marketplaces. A questionnaire written in the Spanish language was provided to all interviewees, regarding their years in business, their source of information or expertise in recommending herbs, as well as the type of herbs employed for the treatment of various diseases or afflictions. Fifty-six medicinal plants belonging to 27 botanical families, mostly sold as crude herbs, were mentioned by the herbal providers as being the most commonly used to treat various ailments.