bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches to genotyping of causative agents of particularly dangerous infections
Authors: Bondareva O. S. , Savchenko S. S. , Tkachenko G. A. , Abueva A. I. , Muratova Yu. O. , Antonov V. A
Published: April 2021

Currently genotyping of microorganisms is widely used in the investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases, the implementation of epidemiological surveillance of infections and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial pathogens. Development of methods for genotyping is particularly topical for pathogens of such highly dangerous infections as plague, cholera, anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, glanders and melioidosis, due to their high pathogenicity and contagiousness. In this overview there is presented the characteristics of different genotyping methods together with an indication of their advantages and drawbacks. There has been analyzed the frequency of the use of genotyping methods on an annual basis and in terms of the type of the causative agents of especially dangerous infections.
MORBIDITY OF THE CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE COUNTRIES OF EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA (1943-2012)
Authors: Butenko Aleksandr Mikhaylovich , Trusova Irina Nikolaevna
Published: April 2021

In the article there is presented the most complete to date information on the incidence of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in endemic countries in Europe, Africa and Asia, with allowances made for the first publications in the 40-ies of XX century to 2012. According to available sources, the total number of cases of CHF in this period was 7924, out of which 2180 in the Russian Federation, 1820 in Turkey, 1554 in Bulgaria, 553 in Uzbekistan, 286 in China, 264 in Kosovo, 260 in Kazakhstan, 265 in Africa (including 180 in South Africa).
Dermatobiasis in a Russian tourist travelled to Argentine and Brazil. A case and review of the literature
Authors: Bronshteyn A. M , Malyshev N. A , Kochergin N. G , Jarov S. N
Published: April 2021

A case of furuncular myiasis is presented as a 65-year-old man travelled to Iguaçu Falls in Brazil and Argentine. Furunclelike lesions were observed on the top of his right shoulder blade and he complained of crawling sensations within his shoulder blade. Two invasive larva of botfly, Dermatobia hominis, were extruded from the furuncular lesion of the patient. This condition is endemic to the forested areas of Mexico, Central and South America. Because of widespread travel, furuncular myiasis has become more common in European countries. Awareness of cutaneous myiasis for clinicians should be considered for a patient who has a furuncular lesion and has recently returned from a botfly-endemic area. Misdiagnosis and mismanagement can occur owing to limited awareness of the condition outside endemic areas.
The case of severe botulism: artificial ventilation of lungs for 127 days
Authors: Nikiforov V. V. , Tomilin Yu. N , Davydov A. V. , Zimin P. E , Aleynikova O. I
Published: April 2021

Botulism is a rare but extremely severe disease being difficult to treat and often leading to the death. In this context, undoubted interest is the detailed analysis of the course of disease in a patient with severe botulism, who in the course of therapy in total (from first admission to hospital discharge) spent totally on hospital beds (considering staying in various hospital) 152 days, including in intensive care units - 145 days, out of which 127 days - on a ventilator (the first 93 days of treatment there was carried out in the mode of mechanical ventilation IPPV, the next 34 days there was carried out intermittent mechanical ventilation in mode of BiPaP).
TO THE QUESTION OF THE EVOLUTION OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS MICROBE
Authors: Lipnitskiy A. V , Barkova I. A , Antonov V. A , Barkov A. M , Novozhenina A. V
Published: April 2021

The objective of the review - the analysis of results of researches on the characteristics of strains of bacilli from the B.cereus sensu lato group, causing anthrax-like diseases of the people and some animal species. The facts testify that along with the evolution of Bacillus anthracis microbe which has led to acquisition of major factors of virulence - plasmids рХО1 and рХО2, emergence of strains of bacilli with plasmids of virulence similar to B. anthracis, but retaining B.cereus sensu strico properties is possible. The reasons and conditions of emergence of such strains aren't established yet.
Development of the Antiplague Service in prerevolutionary Russia
Authors: Blokhina N. N
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of anti-plague service in the Russian Empire. There have been analyzed the actions of public figures of the Russian Empire and practical epidemioligists in the struggle against the plague.
Immunopathogenetic features of bacterial purulent meningitides
Authors: Balmasova I. P , Vengerov Yu. Ya , Razdobarina S. E , Nagibina M. V
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study. Comparative assessment of the state of cells of the immune system in patients with purulent bacterial meningitides caused by N.meningitidis and S.pneumoniae . Materials and methods. By the method offlow cytofluorometry there were tested blood and cerebrospinal fluid of 65 patients with bacterial purulent meningitis, with the meningococcal (38 people) and pneumococcal (27 people) nature of the disease. Results. There were revealed general consistencies of the immune response to CNS infection with meningococcus andpneumococcus: the fall of the number of CD16+ CD56+(NK) and the gain in the number of CD19+ cells in the blood, an increase in the absolute number of T lymphocytes, especially, CD3+ CD8+ and NK. In pneumococcal meningitis there was noted the more pronounced upsurge in the absolute number of the NKT (CD3+CD56+) and B-lymphocytes in the blood whereas in cerebrospinal fluid - the more pronounced upturn in the absolute number of NKT that testified to the severe course of the disease. Conclusion. As a result of performed studies there was identified a series of consistencies for the development of the immune response in bacterial purulent meningitides of meningococcal and pneumococcal etiology, which show the high informativeness of the study of immunograms of cerebrospinal fluid in these diseases as compared with blood. In the latter case, immunological studies may contribute not only to the identification of general consistencies of the development of the immune response in bacterial meningitis, but also serve as a basis for the differentiation of the impact of meningococcal and pneumococcal infection on immunocompetent cells, as well as to reflect the severity of the course of the disease, affecting the nature of the therapy.
Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis C in the female patient with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Poluektova Viktorijo Borisovna , Volchkova Elena Vasil’evna , Davydenko Pavel Igorevic , Fillipova Ekaterina Mihaylovna
Published: April 2021

When planning the antiviral therapy (AVT) in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases in a history, a number ofadditional factors should be taken into account. In particular, at the start of the AVT it can be possible the activation of hidden malignancy occurring before. At the same time, the management of such patients at the background of the start of AVT in HCV cases has not practically developed. We have seen the female HCV patient with the cyst of the pancreas. Antiviral therapy has triggered the development of the abdominal pain syndrome. Additional tests: CT, endoultrasound, MRT of the abdomen revealed a colloidal adenocarcinoma of the tail of the pancreas. Removal of the tumour, 6 courses of chemotherapy and the absence of its relapses allowed to start and successfully carry out the AVT for HCV. The taken tactics of the patient and the used drugs well constrained the process of the reactivation of the tumour of the pancreas during therapy and for 4 months after the its accomplishment.
Morgellons disease vs dermatozoic delusion: unexpected psychodermatological problem for parasitologists and infectious disease doctors. Personal observations and review of the literature
Authors: Bronshtein A. M , Malishev N. A , Kochergin N. G , Davydova I. V
Published: April 2021

The term "Morgellons disease" has been introduced by patients, who pointed to the emerging from the skin threads, worms, insects, etc. For the study and dissemination of information on Morgellons disease funds have been established. Since 2002 through the Internet and the media the information about Morgellons disease in the United States and Western Europe began to spread. Since 2009 Morgellons disease was started to be detected in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. The term "Morgellons disease" is used by some doctors in medical certificates for the purpose of information for other doctors in the free, not encrypted form about the presence of the mental disorder in a patient. Morgellons disease is one of the manifestations of dermatozoic delusion. Patients with Morgellons disease ask parasitologists and infectious disease doctors for medical help, write complaints to the overhead organizations, and flatly refuse to be observed by the psychiatrists. Parasitologists and infectious disease doctors should treat patients who claim that they have Morgellons disease, as patients with the dermatozoic delusion, and must not use the diagnosis of Morgellons disease in their practice.
Epidemiological features of cholera at the present stage of the seventh pandemic
Authors: Moskvitina E. A , Mazrukho A. B , Areshina O. A , Adamenko O. L , Nazaretyan A. A , Anisimova G. B
Published: April 2021

In 2013 the cholera incidence remains on an upward trend in the world (with the rate of 1,127per cent and 1,765 per cent relatively to 1961 and 2004 respectively). The features determining the positive tendency in the dynamics of cholera incidence is for the first time involvement of several countries of Northern America (Haiti, The Dominican Republic and Cuba) in the epidemic process. The use of the criterion «infection density» made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of territorial cholera distribution in 109 countries of the world. Apart from the endemic territories in India and Bangladesh, there was revealed the formation of endemic foci in twelve African countries, as well consecutive in time as stepwise spacing (in accordance with provinces, districts, states and regions of countries), dissemination of epidemic cholera which could serve the evidence of continuation of the seventh cholera pandemics. The spread of modified in genome variants of Vibrio cholerae El Tor with epidemic and pandemic potential, along with the above mentioned, determines the unfavorable forecast for cholera at the global level.
The case of imported Japanese encephalitis (JE) in a Russian traveler (2014)
Authors: Petrova I. S , Muravev O. B , Kuzmenko T. N , Sayfullin M. A , Boytsov P. V , Larichev V. F , Akinshina Yu. A , Butenko A. M
Published: April 2021

In the article there is considered the case of imported Japanese encephalitis in Russian tourist after his return from Thailand. There is reported the dynamics of development of the disease, laboratory indices, as well as there are presented the changes in the brain revealed by MRT.
Features of tissue reactions of immunocompetent organs in disseminated tuberculosis at different stages of HIV infection
Authors: Babaeva I. Yu , Avdeeva M. G , Gedymin L. E , Chumachenko G. V , Adamchik N. Yu , Konchakova A. A
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study. The improvement of the diagnosis oftuberculosis in HIV-infected patients on the basis ofa comparative study of tissue reactions of immunecompetent organs in disseminated tuberculosis and changes of the immunological status at different stages of HIV infection. Materials and methods. Pathological studies were performed on autopsy material of 11 cases oftuberculosis with HIV infection, and 6 autopsy observations of HIV infection. Studies of indices of the immunological response was performed in 60 patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (DPT) agedfrom 18 to 49 years, associated with HIV infection - 30 people (DPT + HIV) - the first group; and DPT without HIV infection - 30 people - the second group. The result of the study Progression of tuberculosis in patients on the background of HIV infection leads to the death both at the early and late stages of HIV infection. Histopathological features of lymphoid tissue response to tubercular process, depending on the stage of HIV infection were revealed. The structure of the granulation tissue of immunocompetent organs forming even at the terminal stage of the course of HIV infection testifies to the presence of residual immunological reserves. Damage to the immune system in tuberculosis and HIV infection has an systemic manifesting by a deep suppression of T- and B- cellular components of the immune system. In the course of HIV infection in patients with disseminated tuberculosis regular there are in process changes of quantitative and qualitative indices of the cellular component of l immunity, humoral immunity, nonspecific protection factors, and the functional activity ofneutrophils. Along with a decline in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, the serum level of immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes increases. Immunodeficiency determines a more severe course of tuberculosis. Conclusion The evaluation of the immune status and pathologic response of lymphoid tissue in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection is needed for the diagnosis of the stage of the process, the choice of the method of the treatment, the estimation of its effectiveness and outcome prediction for the disease
Medical social factors affecting the effectiveness of the treatment of viral hepatitis patients
Authors: Raduto O. I
Published: April 2021

There was performed the analysis of modern epidemiological, social and financial aspects of the hepatitis C treatment. There was considered the influence of some factors on the efficacy of the treatment efficacy, in particular, the genetic status of patients, stage of the disease, the development of side effects and patient compliance with the treatment regimen. Social factors were shown to include also the patient's race, language barriers, being in prison, availability of the treatment. The effectiveness of treatment for this group ofpatients is also influenced by the gender, young age, the presence of mental illness in the patient, drug and alcohol abuse. Financial constraints contribute to the reducing the commitment of the drugs intaking, the deterioration of the health status of viral hepatitis C and B patients, respectively, higher total health expenditure for the health care. There was made a conclusion about the necessity of the work on the formation of the adherence of this category of patients to the treatment, the patient and doctor must work together to make a treatment decision, after careful discussion of the need to comply treatment and risks of side effects, as well as re-infection.
Comparative analysis of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection of unfed adult ixodid ticks Ixodes pavlovsky Pomerantsev 1946 and Ixodes persulcatus Schulze in the area of sympatria of their natural habitats
Authors: Chicherina G. S , Morozova O. V , Panov V. V , Romanenko V. N , Bakhvalov S. A , Bakhvalova V. N
Published: April 2021

With the use of the ELISA method to detect an antigen, reverse transcription with quantitative real-time PCR with subtype-specific fluorescent probes, phylogenetic analysis of E and NS1 gene nucleotide sequences, bioassays with suckling mice, hemagglutination and neuroinvasiveness tests there was made a comparison of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection of ixodid ticks Ixodes persulcatus P.Schulze and Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantsev 1946 in the area of sympatria of their natural habitats in the Novosibirsk region during growth period of their populations with the replacement ofprevailing species of monodominant type of the ixodid population structure. The ratio of 2 tick species didn’t depend on biotopes ofpine or birch forest but rather on the distance from the Novosibirsk Scientific Center: the lower anthropogenic pressure the smaller I.pavlovskyi proportion. The TBEV rate (including both pathogenic and apathogenic for laboratory mice virus), spectra of the TBEV3 main genetic types, neurovirulence and hemagglutination activity were similarfor both I.persulcatus and I.pavlovskyi. However, the proportion ofpathogenic for laboratory mice virus and the TBEV Far Eastern subtype, as well as viral loads of Siberian and European types for the TBEV from I.pavlovskyi were significantly higher than those from I.persulcatus.
MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry analysis with molecular genetic identification of Vibrio spp. in the system of the monitoring of vibrio flora of surface water reservoirs
Authors: Mironova L. V , Basov E. A , Afanasev M. V , Khunkheeva Zh. Yu , Mitkeeva S. K , Ganin V. S , Urbanovich L. Ya , Kulikalova E. S , Goldapel E. G , Balakhonov S. V
Published: April 2021

There is presented the assessment of the efficacy of the application of direct protein profiling on the basis of MALDI-ToF mass-spectrometry for identification of Vibrio spp. during monitoring of Vibrio flora in surface water reservoirs implemented in the network of cholera surveillance. The comparison of results of the MALDI-ToF MS and bacteriological detection of taxonomic belonging of583 colonies morphologically similar to Vibrio cholerae (isolated in bacteriological examination of samples from environmental objects in Irkutsk city in 2012-2013) with following random identification based on 16S rRNA and rpoB gene structure showed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of mass-spectrometry. The findings determine the expediency of the inclusion of MALDI-ToF MS in the layout of microbiological examination in the monitoring of Vibrio flora in surface water reservoirs.
The experience of domestic antiviral agents, and some of own approaches in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in adults
Authors: Borisov V. A , Sanin B. I , Samsonova S. E , Arutyunyan E. N , Golubeva D. B , Zotova O. V , Fomina T. A
Published: April 2021

In the management of 148 adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of both sexes without special selection (taken into account only absolute contraindications to its performance) there were used domestic basic antiviral drugs - BAD\ (short-living interferons (IFN) a, interferon inducers and nucleoside analogues) in parallel with additional antiviral drugs (drug glycyrrhizinic acid or amantadine) and maintenance therapy (stimulators of T-cell immunity and means of correction of side effects). Treatment was carried out in the framework of the developed complex of principles and approaches including in part, the formation of the starting average weekly dose of interferon IFN with accounting of the character of interferon status of the patient, a gradual increase in the average weekly dose of interferon IFN during the course of therapy, the delayed use of nucleoside analogs and others. As a result, against the background of a significant reduction in financial expenses and the aggressiveness of treatment the stable positive therapeutic outcome in the general population ofpatients occurred in 92.6%, with 87.2% in patients with genotype (G) 1.
Immunological effectiveness of mass vaccine prophylaxis against hepatitis B within the framework of the National Priority Project "Health" in some regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shulakova N. I , Lytkina I. N , Akimkin V. G , Ershova O. N , Shahgildyan I. V , Kisteneva L. B , Kuzina L. E , Chernyavskaya O. P
Published: April 2021

Immunological efficacy of mass vaccine prevention of hepatitis B was studied in the framework of the National Priority Project "Health" in some regions of the Russian Federation. Markers of hepatitis B (HbsAg, anti-HBs with the determination of their concentration, anti-HBcor summary and class IgM) were determined with the use of commercial test systems by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay analyzer the "Architect" of the company «Abbott» (USA) at different times after the completion of vaccination
The role of Helicobacter pylori in the process of 43 carcinogenesis by means of dysregulation of miRNA expression
Authors: Belaia O. F , Volchkova E. V , Paevskaya O. A , Zuevskaya S. N , Yudina Yu. V , Pak S. G
Published: April 2021

Duodenal ulcer is associated with Helicobacter pylori almost in 90-100% of cases. Severe disease of the stomach - adenocarcinoma - is caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori in 70-90% of cases. Persons infected with this bacterium were proven statistically to be in group of the increased risk of the development of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori expresses a spectrum of virulence factors which cause dysregulation of intracellular signaling pathways in a host cell, that reduces the resistance to neoplastic transformation. In the review there are presented data about identified to the present time deregulated miRNAs associated with H.pylori diseases, including cancer of the stomach, and a few data on their biological significance. The growing number of studies confirming the involvement of miRNAs in various stages of carcinogenesis - from gastritis to the formation of metastases - demonstrates the importance of the new directions of the research.
Formation of microbial resistance to disinfectants and ways of solution of the problem
Authors: Kobzev E. N , Chugunov V. A , Rodin V. B , Detusheva E. V , Slukin P. V , Fedorova L. S , Akimkin V. G
Published: April 2021

At the base on the comparison of the properties of antibiotics and disinfectants, there is given the justification of the impossibility of the direct transfer of methodology from the area of the resistance to antibiotics to the resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants. There have been formulated prior tasks in the area of the study of the resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants.
Retrospective data on the study of Ebola virus in Africa
Authors: Butenko A. M
Published: April 2021

The provided information based on the data of elinical, epidemiological, and serodiagnostic studies indicates both to a possible epidemic manifestation of Hbola fever in the Republic of Guinea for more than 30 years before the 2014 epidemic in West Africa, and the circulation of the Hbola virus in Guinea and other West African countries in the same period, the circulation of the Hbola virus in Zaire at least 4 years before the first recorded outbreak of the infection in 1976.
Edema and swelling of the brain in the neuroinfections
Authors: Vengerov Yu. Ya , Nagibina M. V , Volkova O. E , Belikoya E. V , Baikova L. B , Chernichov D. V , Smirnova T. Yu , Tishkevich O. A , Parkhomenko Yu. G
Published: April 2021

The course and outcome of edema and swelling of the brain (OSB) essentially depend on many factors, including the feature of the pathogenesis of the disease associated with the factors ofpathogenicity of the causative agent. There was developed the multivariate mathematical analysis of the clinical picture of OSB with the using of an alternative algorithm of the distributions offrequencies of symptoms in differentiated groups of patients with the presence of OSB and without of OSB signs of this complication that permitted to make more accurately diagnose of OSB and judge the effectiveness of the taken therapy. The lack of clinical effect of antibiotic therapy is caused among other things the low bioavailability of the pathogen. BBB is not associated with an HLB so attempts on the base of the measurement of the spinal fluid pressure to detect the presence and severity of OSB have not been scientifically justified. The analysis of CSF indices - lactate, protein, glucose, D-DF, pH level against the background of OSB will allow to avoid unsound replacement of etiotropic drugs
Influenza in the season of 2014-2015 in Russia: epidemiology and properties of viruses
Authors: Eropkin M. Yu , Karpova L. S , Konovalova N. I , Lobova T. G , Petrova P. A , Eropkina E. M , Shchekanova S. M
Published: April 2021

There are presented data of Federal Influenza Center of Russia on morbidity of influenza, intensity, duration, geographical spread of epidemic, recorded lethal outcomes with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis "influenza" in the season of 2014-2015. The epidemic in this season was more intensive in character in comparison to the previous season according to most of the indices. Main etiologic agents were influenza B - 50,6 % of isolated strains, the portion of influenza A(H3N2) viruses accounted for 45 % of isolates and pandemic influenza 2009 virus was revealed only in 4,35 % of studied clinical materials. Incomplete compliance of influenza vaccine for the component A (H3N2), observed in the world in 2015, and especially the further evolution of this group of viruses in the current season demonstrate the importance of the widest possible coverage by epidemiological studies, isolation of the virus in different periods of the epidemic season in different geographical regions and etiological analysis of them with the use of modern methods for the increase of the efficacy of vaccination
Characteristics of the epidemic process and the leading risk factors for HIV infection in conditions of a large metropolis
Authors: Naumenko V. V , Sologub T. V , Tsvetkov V. V , Tsybalova L. M
Published: April 2021

The HIV epidemic has been going on for nearly thirty years, it is a heterogeneous, dynamic and highly resistant to countermeasures. The Leningrad Region and the city of St. Petersburg today are referred to the most affected regions of the Russian Federation, as nearly 1% of the population of this city has HIVpositive status. Despite the decline in the HIV infection incidence of the resident population of the Central District, the epidemiological situation for HIV infection remains to be tense, due to the increase in the cumulative number of HIV-infected and AIDS patients, the increase ofthe morbidity rate and mortality in co-infected patients with HIV/tuberculosis, activation of the output of the epidemic in vulnerable groups into the general population. At the same time, a cohort of HIV-infected patients with a high risk of late detection of tuberculosis continues to form
Chronic viral mixt-hepatitis: current clinical and epidemiological aspects
Authors: Avdeeva M. G , Gorodin V. N , Kulbuzheva M. I , Blazhnaya L. P , Hasnudinova S. R , Kolodko E. I
Published: April 2021

Objective: Improvement of the diagnosis and prognosis of liver disease of viral etiology based on the analysis of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the course and outcome of viral mixt-hepatitis. Materials and methods There are presented results of the retrospective study of 106 patients with chronic viral mixt-hepatitis (study group), which were under the medical observation for a period from two to five years between 2010 and 2014. The comparison group was consisted of 1,913 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Results and discussion The morbidity of chronic viral mixt-hepatitis in the majority of cases is registered among socially active groups of young and middle age persons, more common among males. Frequent risk factors are the artificial factor (55%), the intravenous drug usage (25%), tattooing (19%). Typical concomitant illnesses are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine system. Chronic viral mixt-hepatitis is mainly caused by a combination of HCV and HBV, and HCV + HBV + HDV also. HCV replication is noted in 64% of cases, the replication of HBV - in 58%, HDV replication - in 20%. Transformation into cirrhosis in patients with mixt-hepatitis C+B+D was recorded in 25% of cases, in mixt-hepatitis C+B cases - in 7.1%. In the group of C+B+D hepatitis patients, viral replication of HBV and HDV without HCV replication transformation into cirrhosis was seen in 36%. In the case of HDV replication alone, the rate of cirrhosis was 25%, while in cases with isolated HBV replication - 14%. In patients with mixt-infection C+B, the development of cirrhosis was registered within subgroup with simultaneous replication of HBV and HCV viruses in 9% cases. An isolated HCV replication, in general was less often, and led to the transformation into cirrhosis in 6% cases. Conclusions. Simultaneous replication of more than one type of hepatitis virus promotes transformation into cirrhosis, in greater extent, simultaneous replication of HBV + HDV, and monoreplication of HDV virus also. In order to prevent further progression of the pathological process it is recommended the well-timed causal treatment order with account for the predominant virus replication.
Antigen-presenting activity of dendritic cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype
Authors: Tsvetkov V. V , Kiselev O. I , Sologub T. V , Slita A. V , Tokin I. I , Anhimova E. S
Published: April 2021

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most professional antigen presenting cells, which are the first to recognize the «danger signals» and trigger highly specific immune responses. However, the results ofstudies performed by some foreign and domestic authors, testify to a violation of the functional activity of DCs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). In order to study the nature of the clinical course of various forms of CHC and for the assessment of the capability of DC to antigen presentation in the 2014-2015 in «Research Institute of Influenza» there was performed a simple comparative clinical study. DC obtained from patients with CHC were found to have high antigen-presenting activity due to the presence on their surface a high level of the expression of MHC class I and II. The maturation of DC is accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of expression of HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR, irrespective of the degree of liver fibrosis, biochemical activity of alanine aminotransferase or level of viral load.
Peculiar properties of the epidemic process of rotavirus infection in the Odessa region
Authors: Vasilyev K. G , Doan S. I , Savchuk A. I , Kozishkurt Ye. V , Haydey V. R , Krasnitskaya L. V , Potienko L. P , Sadkova A. B
Published: April 2021

In the paper there are presented the main tendencies of the epidemic process in rotaviral infection in the one of the southern region of Ukraine during the span of 1998-2013. There was established the prevalence of the contact-house way of the transmission in 1-year-old infants. There were determined the most spread P and G genotypes of the agent, their widely spread combinations and the dynamic changes of genotypes in this region.
Seasonal and regional features of the distribution of rotavirus incidence in the Russian Federation
Authors: Podkolzin A. T , Kurochkina D. E , Shipulin G. A
Published: April 2021

In the work there was performed an analysis of the indices of recorded incidence of rotavirus infection (RVI) in the territory of 40 subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2008-2012. For the identification of the monthly peak of the incidence there was evaluated the temporal distribution of the relative indices of the RVI incidence within each subject of the observation. There was revealed the independent beginning of the winter-spring seasonal rise of the RVI incidence in three groups of territories of the Russian Federation (1 - Kirov, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod region; 2- Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo region; 3 - Amur region). In the territory of the South and the North Caucasus Federal District (Krasnodarsky and Stavropolsky Krai, Rostov region) there was noted the second, summer-autumn seasonal rise in the RVI incidence. The obtained data provide an overview of the seasonal-geographical distribution of the RVI incidence in the territory of Russia in conditions of the absence of the use of rotavirus vaccines
Systemic processes in influenza in fection, as a triggers of the development of somatic pathology in patients at risk
Authors: Deeva E. G , Zubkova T. G , Dunaeva N. V , Koltsebaeva S. Zh , Chelaeva G. Yu , Tumanova E. V , Tsypkin E. M , Deeva Yu. I , Shevchik Yu. I , Kiselev O. I
Published: April 2021

Pathogenetic mechanisms of influenza infection on the one hand are the triggering factor of certain diseases (asthma, neurological diseases and others.), on the other hand they worsen the course of concomitant somatic pathology, leading to severe, complicated course of infection and lethal outcomes in high-risk groups. The two components of the flu - a syndrome of systemic inflammation, which is manifested in the overproduction of cytokines and generalized vascular thrombosis syndrome (VTS) are the most important components of the pathogenesis of influenza and play a critical role in the development of severe infections, especially in patients with a history ofpremorbid background. Analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, at risk, is necessary for the development of a comprehensive targeted tactics prevention, treatment and medical examination that will prevent mortality in these groups.
Tendency of the development of the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in the Tver Region and pathways of its enhancement
Authors: Makarov V. K , Krylov V. V , Korolyuk E. G , Stepanova Yu. E , Starikov S. V , Grishkina N. A
Published: April 2021

In the beginning of the present century the epidemic situation on tuberculosis in the Tver region after a long period of deterioration under the influence to implemented medico-social and anti-epidemic measures received the tendency to the gradual improvement.
Monoclonal antibodies to thermostable surface antigens of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups
Authors: Evdokimova V. V , Alekseeva L. P , Kretenchuk O. F , Kruglikov V. D , Arkhangelskaya I. V , Bursha O. S
Published: April 2021

There is delivered the panel of 9 hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies directed to surface thermo-resistant antigenic determinants of V.cholerae El Tor and O139. By immunoblotting method most of MCA were established to react with the corresponding epitopes of protein nature at the level of 38-42 kDa. There were revealed differences in the specific orientation of the MCA to Vibrio cholerae: the first group of MCA identifies antigenic determinants presented only in strains of V. cholerae O1, O139 with genetic characteristic ctx+ tcp+ and ctx- tcp+, but fails to identify strains ctx- tcp-; the second group of MCA identifies common epitopes for V.cholerae El Tor and O139 regardless of ctx and tcp genes. The new panel of MCA can be used as well for the study of the fine antigenic structure of V. cholerae El Tor and O139 as detection of epidemically dangerous strains genotype ctx+ tcp+ with ELISA methods
Postoperative bacteremia in patients of cardiac surgical profile
Authors: Arefieva L. I , Gorskaya E. M , Savostianova O. A , Spirina T. S , Romashkina L. Yu , Gabrielyan N. I
Published: April 2021

Objective To determine the frequency of bacteremia and pathogens, mortality rate in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods There was performed a retrospective analysis of bacteremia for 13 years from 2000 to 2012 after 8292 cardiac surgeries. Identification of the causative agents of bacteremia was carried out with the use of panels BD Crystal and database BBL Crystal MIND, the detection of susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics by disk diffusion method in accordance with the standards NCCLS. Results The frequency of bacteremia decreased over the study period, from 6.8% in 2000 -2004 to 3.6% in 2010 - 2012. Bacteremia accounted for the bulk of postoperative infectious complications (PIC) - 77.8% - 80.4%. There is given the characteristic of the frequency of isolation in bacteremia with Gr+ and Gr- microbes, as well as the severity of PICs. In the spectrum of blood in bacteremias coagulase negative staphylococcocci prevailed at the background of the general dominance of Gr+ microflora. There was noted the resistance of gram-positive microflora to beta-lactam antibiotics and multiple resistance to antibiotics of non-fermenting bacteria except Polymyxine, Tigacil, and Cefepime, sulperazon
Children's non-fatal road traffic injury in Krasnodar in 2015-2019
Authors: Anuprienko Sergey A. , Pron Elena S. , Barmakova Julia S. , Porodenko Valerii А.
Published: April 2021

Background: For many years, road traffic injuries have occupied a leading position in the structure of mechanical grass in most of the leading countries of the world. Children are particularly vulnerable to road accidents due to their psychoemotional and anatomical and physiological characteristics. Aims: To study the epidemiological aspects and features of injuries with a forensic medical assessment of injuries in children in various types of road accidents in the city of Krasnodar. Material and methods: Archival medical documentation of the Department of forensic medical examination of victims, accused, and other persons of the State Budgetary Institution Bureau of SME of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory in relation to 1,134 children under the age of 18 years who were injured in an accident on the territory of Krasnodar in 20152019; analytical, statistical, and retrospective research methods were used. Results: Children were most often injured in the summer, especially in the month of August, on the second day of the week and at night; 50% of the injured children were pedestrians; combined nature of the injury was in 38.9% of cases, and most common injuries were localized in the head (45.8%) and lower extremities (38%); the most frequent soft tissue damage in all young road users were bruises; injuries in the cabin were more common soft tissue injuries of the head; skull fractures prevailed in drivers; severe forms of traumatic brain injuries were most common in pedestrians; fractures of the limbs were detected only in older age groups, most often in pedestrians; drivers and pedestrians were more likely to have damaged shin bones, whereas passengers have it in the femur and forearm; serious health damage was detected in almost every seventh child (13.8%), most often in children under three years old and 1417 years old; and light damage in every fifth (22.1%) child and twice as often as moderate health damage (11.8%). Conclusion: The level of child road traffic injuries in the city of Krasnodar in recent years has not decreased and the negative trend of accidents related to an increased incidence of trauma in children, resulting in serious injury.
Possibilities of a fatal damage case complex diagnostics caused by atmospheric electricity - practical observation
Authors: Karpov Dmitry A. , Terebilov Andrey N. , Bezusova Irina B. , Loskutov Rostislav O.
Published: April 2021

Background: A lightning strike causes macro- and micromorphological changes in the human body as a whole due to a combination of several damaging factors. Clinical case: Using an example from the forensic medical expert practice demonstrating the possibilities of a comprehensive approach (autopsy, biochemical, histological, and medico-forensic investigations) to the diagnosis of trauma arising from atmospheric electricity exposure. Conclusion: Complex assessment based on a wide range of laboratory studies made it possible to diagnose at a qualitatively new level, reasonably reconstruct circumstances of the injury that occurred in conditions of nonobviousness, and constructively solve a wider range of issues in the interests of the investigating authorities and court.
Implementation problems in criminal procedure the principles of equality and adversarial (for example, the possibility of filing by the defense of expert's opinion)
Authors: Bozhchenko Alexander P. , Semenov Sergei L. , Nikitin Igor M. , Nazarov Yuri V.
Published: April 2021

Background: The European criminal law system declares principles of competition and equality of parties as fundamental to ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The domestic legal system also contains these concepts, but only the principle of competition, which includes equality, is declared as a fundamental principle. Such a seemingly insignificant difference in systems causes difficulties in implementing these principles in criminal proceedings, which is shown by the example of using special knowledge in the form of expert opinion and interrogation, and those few tools for the defense that can be used for qualified opposition by the prosecution, which builds its system of evidence on the experts conclusion. Vividly, implementation contradictions in the criminal process principles of equality and competition occur with the use of one of the parties (mostly by the defense) specialized knowledge in the form of imprisonment and interrogation specialist. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the problematic issues that arise in this case. Conclusion: Results of the study show the need for practical development and greater legal significance to the institution of participation of a specialist in criminal proceedings, both directly and separately through a written opinion, which meets not only the principles of modern improvement of the implementation of constitutional guarantees for justice, court access, and obtaining professional legal assistance, but also the provisions on the right to a fair trial, provided for in art. Six conventions for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms ETS N 005 (Rome, 4 November 1950) are ratified by the Russian Federation on March 30, 1998.
Professor Porksheyan Ovagim Khristoforovich - outstanding forensic physician (on the occasion of his 110th birthday)
Authors: Akopov Vil I. , Barinov Evgeny Kh.
Published: April 2021

This article is dedicated to the memory of the Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Leningrad State Institute for the improvement of doctors named after S.M. Kirov O.H. Porksheyan. This article provides information about the life and activities of an outstanding scientist. The scientific contribution of the scientist to the development of forensic medicine was analyzed, and his pedagogical activity was reflected.
Mathematical modeling of the corpse cooling under conditions of varying ambient temperature
Authors: Nedugov German V.
Published: April 2021

Background: The constancy of the ambient temperature is the main condition to correctly determine the time of death by thermometric method. However, in practice, this requirement is met only in cases of death in closed rooms. In this study, an exponential mathematical model was proposed for corpse cooling under any changes in ambient temperature. Aim: This study aimed to develop a mathematical model to determine the time of death based on the NewtonRichman cooling law in changing ambient temperature conditions. Materials and methods: Mathematical modeling of corpse cooling under changing ambient temperature is performed, focusing on problem solving of thermometric determination of the time of death. The axillary hollow was used as the diagnostic zone of the corpse, and the temperature of which at the time of death is taken is 36.6С. Results: A method of reverse reproduction of the cadaver temperature in conditions of changing ambient temperature has been developed. Results allow a relatively simple analytical determination of the time of death in the early postmortem period. Conclusions: The proposed method is advisable to be used in forensic medical practice to determine the time of death in early postmortem period. The developed mathematical model is implemented in the format of the application program Warm Bodies NRN. Use of tympanic and intraocular thermometry was recommended within the proposed model.
On the issue of terminology in forensic medicine and its compliance with the applicable GOST standards of scissors
Authors: Nazarova Natalia E. , Nazarov Yuriy Viktorovich
Published: April 2021

Background: The terminology used in the production of forensic medical examinations should be interpreted unambiguously by forensic medical experts, employees of investigative bodies, and doctors of other specialties and be the basis for their mutual understanding. The examination of clothing and shoes, as well as their damage, is an important part of the experts work. However, in the presence of forensic and forensic literature on this issue, currently increasing lack of educational and methodological publications covering modern terminological definitions is observed. During the production of forensic medical examinations of material evidence, the expert often comes across trace-forming objects (or parts of them), which is found difficult to name or describe without prejudice to an unambiguous interpretation. Attention is drawn to the fact that names of the scissors areas are ignored in the practice of forensic medicine. Even with the well-established concept of scissors branch in expert practice, different points of view are made. Aims: This study aimed to identify terminology that defines standards that ensure mutual understanding between specialists in different fields and consolidate unambiguous terms and definitions at the level of knowledge and concepts of modern science. As a result of the conducted research, authors come to the conclusion that in order to reduce the risk of different understanding of terms (including nonmedical ones), it is necessary to refer to the State Standards of the Russian Federation (GOST). As an example, this article presents the terms of the current State Standard 51268-9, wherein the main trace-forming elements of scissors are not branches but knives, and the concept of branches does not contain this GOST. Conclusion: Standardization and bringing forensic medical terms to the corresponding GOST standards in the production of forensic medical examinations will not only increase their quality and informativeness for investigative authorities, but also eliminate discrepancies in terminology between law enforcement officers, forensic medical experts, and doctors of other specialties.
Modern possibilities for the diagnosis of adenomyosis
Authors: Shalina Maria
Published: April 2021

The article presents modern data on the diagnosis and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of adenomyosis. Various classifications of the disease are highlighted. The role of genetic and immunological factors in the development of internal endometriosis is reflected. The results of domestic and foreign studies are presented and the most informative non-invasive markers for the diagnosis of adenomyosis are described.
Manifestation of a Paradigm Shift in University Marketing on the Example of Event-Management Online Technology
Authors:   Russian State Social University, Kuzmenko G.N.
Published: April 2021

changing the consumer model of the user of educational services leads to low efficiency of traditional methods of their presentation by universities. Hence the prospects of a new method of eventmanagement online for promotion to domestic and foreign markets. Materials for the study of the effectiveness of event-management online were information in the field of organizing special events (specialized works of specialists, training courses, websites of russian omute companies, their own experience). The methodology of the study was, first of all, the methods of marketing analysis in relation to the market of educational services. Event-management online is a specially prepared event in the form of intellectual team building with a large segment of virtual simulation of socio-cultural reality. The use of event-management online as a tool that allows the university to increase its share in the market of educational services has a promising character in the field of educational marketing.