bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological Principles of Assessing the Level of Technology Readiness for Transfer on the Basis of the Theory of Reliability of Hierarchically Branched Systems
Authors: Kozyk Vasyl , Mrykhina Oleksandra , Novakivskyi Igor , Koleshchuk Orest
Published: October 2019

The methodological principles of assessing the level of technology readiness for transfer from universities to the business environment are developed, in particular: a model and a set of tools for evaluating the readiness of technologies for transfer, a method for evaluating the level of technology readiness for transfer on the basis of the theory of reliability of hierarchically branched systems. The development is aimed at shortening the term of technology withdrawal into the market and its distribution on it; increasing the efficiency of technology commercialization; to become the basis for substantiating the investment indicators of technology projects. Methodical development was tested on the example of the technology of the means of personal passive optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry of ionizing radiation (IR). The methodological principles for assessing the level of technology readiness for transfer are intended for use by specialists of technology transfer centers at higher education institutions or similar entities, auditors, technology appraisers, institutional level managers in the field of innovation development, etc.
Simulating Development of Science in a Country with the Use of the Cognitive Approach
Authors: Kyzym Mykola , Reshetniak Olena , Lelyuk Oleksij
Published: October 2019

The study proposes a methodological approach to justifying the directions for reforming the scientific sphere of a country which is based on the cognitive approach. Using the proposed approach, the groups of the main problems in the development of science in Ukraine are determined and indicators for their evaluation are singled out; the cognitive model of the development of science in Ukraine is constructed. On the basis of the constructed cognitive model, impulse simulation of the influence of the main factors on development of science in a country is carried out and, according to the hypotheses on the nature of their influence, four scenarios for the development of the process under study are constructed. The analysis of the developed scenarios allowed to justify the most effective measures to stimulate the development of science in Ukraine. The practical evaluation of the proposed methodological approach has proved the feasibility of using cognitive models for analyzing and simulating development of science in a country, which allows to quickly and accurately assess a situation and identify promising measures to support it.
Technology Transfer as a Prerequisite of Innovative Development of Enterprises
Authors: Prokhorova Viktoriia , Reznik Nadiia , Bozhanova Olena , Slastianykova Krystyna
Published: October 2019

Low success in the implementation of technology transfer projects in Ukraine is mainly caused by two groups of factors: the first one, directly related to the development of innovative processes, which hinders the country’s participation in the international exchange of technologies, and the second one, caused by the shortcomings of domestic legislation on the definition and protection of intellectual property rights of participants in the innovation process. In order to develop the economy both at the enterprise level and at the national level, the following technology transfers should be developed: firstly, the classical one, which provides for the work of enterprises and research institutions in close relationship; secondly, it requires the development of transformational technology transfer, which ensures closer cooperation in science with other countries; thirdly, it is necessary to attract unique and advanced technologies to the regions. As a result of technology transfer, developments can be successfully commercialized for the benefit of their authors and, as a result, tax revenues to the country’s budget can be increased.
The Organizational and Economic Policy of the state Administration of Development of Railway Transport of Ukraine
Authors: Mandych Oleksandra , Suhorukova Tetyana , Butenko Olena , Solomnikov Ivan , Ostroverkh Hanna
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the main directions of the organizational and economic policy of the state administration of the development of railway transport and provides suggestions for improving the management mechanism of the railway industry, to ensure the competitiveness of railway transport enterprises. Conceptual aspects of state administration of railway transport development are defined. Components of the organizational and economic policy of management development are provided. The necessity of reforming such components as an innovative renewal of production, overcoming structural deformations in industry, investment in the real sector is substantiated. the general mechanism of organizational and economic support of reform is provided.
Prevention of Economic Losses with the help of the System of Control of Saving and Storing Bulk Cargoes in the Process of Train Movement
Authors: Sakhatsky Vitalyi , Lyubymova Nina , Pusik Vladimir , Pusik Luydmila , Chepusenko Ievhenii
Published: October 2019

In order to ensure the demand of the market for competitive rail transport services, the structure of automatic safety control for bulk cargo is proposed on the basis of the radar sensor and Wi-Fi technology, which allows to avoid the false alert signal caused by changes in the level of liquid due to various deviations of the railway track from the horizontal plane and to fix leakage of the liquid from damaged tank. The issues of increasing the reliability of the proposed control system are considered.
Evaluation of influence of the logistics chain infrastructure on the logistics costs formation
Authors: Galkin Andrii , Kush Yevhen , Davidich Nataliia , Davidich Yuriy
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to revealing the influence of the infrastructure of logistics chain on expenses in it. Possible types of warehouses which can be used in the logistics chain were identified. The expenses on the functioning of the warehouse according to its parameters were analyzed. The variable costs estimation of the warehouse was modelled via the freight turnover. The fixed costs estimation of the warehouse was modelled via its area. Regression nonlinear models of variables and fixed expenses of own/hired warehouse were obtained.
Modeling the effect of traffic jam on driver’s level of fatigue
Authors: Gyulyev Nizami , Lobashov Oleksii , Prasolenko Oleksii , Bugayov Igor
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on establishing the dynamics of changes in the level of fatigue of an average driver in a traffic jam, which affects road safety. Linear and nonlinear models of the effect of traffic jam on the level of fatigue of an average driver have been developed, which allow assessing their condition depending on the driver’s age and the duration of the jam. Using a nonlinear regression model, the graphs of changes in the level of fatigue of an average driver of 25 and 65 years are plotted. The analysis of these graphs allowed us to establish the patterns of influence of road parameters on the functional state of the driver. The level of fatigue of the driver, which is determined by the change in his functional state, increases during his stay in the traffic jam. Therefore, the duration of the jam and the initial level of fatigue when entering the jam influence most the final level of fatigue of the driver. The driver’s age affects the level of fatigue to a lesser extent, but still significantly.
Structure of transformation of the road motion parameters in the control system
Authors: Abramova Liudmyla , Nahornyi Yevhen , Ptytsia Henadii
Published: October 2019

Over the past decades, the world has witnessed an increase in the number of vehicles. According to the accident analysis and to the existing transport problems, the development of automated traffic control systems using adaptive management methods is the most optimal way to improve road traffic quality. From the technological point of view, the system must function according to the requirements for the traffic flow level and to the assessment of traffic efficiency, so a clear comparison of systems is impossible under the conditions of various principles for identifying managerial impacts and the designation of management system. The authors’ analysis of the most commonly used traffic management technologies proves that experts choose the system architecture that affects its functions and the ability to implement one or another method of management. In accordance with the ITS approach and management tasks at each hierarchy level, we believe that the traffic management system of the intelligent transport system should be based on the principle of multi-level architecture using ring Ethernet technologies, which corresponds more to the diamond-shaped system structure; it allows to distribute methods of traffic management for purposes and to separate the informational and technological elements of the system.
Analytical tools for ensuring economic security in the conditions of global competitiveness: theoretical aspect
Authors: Avanesova Nina , Kirdina Olena , Volovelska Irina , Maslova Valentina , Utkina Yuliya
Published: October 2019

Global competitiveness, based on the international division of labor, the use of factors of production and the country’s place in the world market ensures the ability of the state to participate in the competition and the full use of its own competitive advantages. Globalization processes have negative consequences for functioning of national economies, which actualizes the problem of ensuring the economic security of countries. The economic security of the state is the criterion of the effectiveness of the state economic policy and characterizes the overall level of the country’s economy; the presence and level of threats to the state, society or person; the effectiveness of state regulation of the economy; the full implementation of the functions of the state. At the same time, its analytical tools are based on the most important parameters of the state of the economic system, its stability and mobility: GDP growth, the level and quality of life of the majority of the population, inflation, unemployment, the structure of the economy, the property stratification of the population, criminalization and shadowing of the economy, the state of the technical and technological base of the economy, spending on research, import dependence, economic openness, internal and external debt.
Methodical aspects of the neutralization of risks of innovative managing the development of hotel and restaurant enterprises
Authors: Davydova Oksana , Protsenko Valentina
Published: October 2019

The article proves the necessity to intensify the activity of hotel and restaurant busness which will allow to avoid risks or to minimize their impact in order to increase the level of competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. It is proved that HACCP system can provide requirements of the modern world in the manufacture of safe products and provision of safe services. The main advantages provided by the hotel and restaurant enterprise are the development and implementation of HACCP system in Ukraine. A structural logical scheme of evaluating one of elementary risks of HACCP system implementation to the activities of the hotel and restaurant business is constructed in accordance with the proposed approach. The method of neutralizing risks of innovative management of the development of hotel and restaurant business is worked out.
Innovative activity of logistics enterprises in the modern world
Authors: Onyshchenko Oksana , Yudenko Yevhen
Published: October 2019

The peculiarities of application and development of innovations in logistic enterprises in modern conditions have been considered by the authors. The influence of innovations on the efficiency of logistics enterprises functioning was investigated. Innovations play a key role in providing quality services to enterprises and increasing their competitiveness. Finding and implementing innovations allows to ensure sustainable development of the enterprise and consolidate its competitive position in the market. The dependence of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) on the general macroeconomic situation in the country is proved. Recommendations on the implementation of innovations in the process of logistics enterprises, which collectively solve an important scientific and applied task to identify ways to increase the efficiency of economic activity and the competitiveness of Ukrainian logistics enterprises have been provided. Directions of search of potential of innovations of the Ukrainian logistics enterprises have been offered. New logistic technologies reflecting the development of society, business and technological trends and innovations in the field of logistics have been considered. The necessity of introduction of innovations in the process of activity of logistics enterprises has been proved to increase the efficiency of their business activity and competitiveness.
Improving the methodology for assessing labour potential in socio-economic systems based on the organizational and methodological model
Authors: Savchenko Maryna , Shaulska Larysa , Shkurenko Olga , Sarkisyan Larysa
Published: October 2019

The article examines the methodological approaches to the assessment of the labour potential of the socio-economic system. On the basis of the research, it has been established that the proposed algorithm for assessing the labour potential of the socio-economic system at the micro level. The approbation of the methodology for assessing the labour potential of the socio-economic system was carried out on the basis of the performance of an industrial enterprise. To improve the methodology for assessing the labour potential of socio-economic systems, the use of an organizational and methodological model for assessing the labour potential of the system has been proposed. The use of the organizational and methodological model is carried out in several stages: the construction of the Ishikawa diagram, the rating score, the construction of the Pareto diagram and the conduct of the ABC analysis. The implementation of the organizational and methodological model for assessing the labour potential of the socio-economic will allow for the effective management of the labour potential of the system and, as a result, will increase its competitiveness in the information economy.
Strategy of Development of Logistic Infrastructure of Ukraine in the Conditions of European Integration
Authors: Shkurenko Olga , Savchenko Maryna
Published: October 2019

The article defines the role and place of logistics infrastructure in the development of the country’s economy. The division of the transport and logistics centers of the European Union into five groups is substantiated: the main general, the main parts of European importance, secondary regional significance, auxiliary national and auxiliary regional centers. The problems of formation and development of logistic infrastructure of Ukraine are investigated. The state of development of logistic infrastructure of European countries and Ukraine is investigated, and their competitive advantages are determined. A comparative analysis of the transport infrastructure of Ukraine and Poland is carried out. The authors define the principles of forming logistics centers: security, competitiveness, openness, interaction and organizational management, implementation of which will enable the formation of an effective logistic infrastructure of Ukraine and, as a result, will increase its competitiveness in and positions in international ratings.
Increasing social responsibility in tourism based on volunteer tourism
Authors: Trunina Iryna , Khovrak Inna , Bilyk Maryna
Published: October 2019

The aim of the paper is to determine the impact of volunteer tourism on the level of social responsibility in the tourism industry of Ukraine. The online survey included 440 respondents (77.3% women; 22.7% men). Physicians were asked about the importance of volunteering and their participation in the volunteer movement. According to the results of the survey, 59.1% of respondents do not have volunteering experience, 38.6% of respondents have episodic experience and only 2.3% of respondents constantly participate in volunteer activity. Although a quarter of respondents who do not have volunteering experience do not consider it appropriate to have such experience. This allowed us to identify the motives for engagement in volunteering and the factors hindering such activities. Participants were also asked about the impact of volunteer tourism on the prosperity of regional communities, building a democratic society, education of socially responsible citizens. The research has shown that for the development of volunteer tourism the most important is the promotion of volunteerism in society (61.4% of respondents) and cooperation with international organizations (50.0%). This allowed the authors to suggest directions and forms of international cooperation for the development of volunteer activities in the tourism.
Blutdruckmessung
Authors: Middeke Martin
Published: October 2019

Die korrekte Blutdruckmessung zur richtigen Zeit ist nicht nur Grundlage für die Diagnose Hypertonie, sondern kann bereits weitere Aufschlüsse geben über Ursachen und Formen der Hypertonie, Endorganschäden und Risiken. Die verschiedenen Messverfahren ergänzen sich in sinnvoller Weise und haben jeweils bestimmte Vor- und Nachteile.
Isolierte systolische Hypertonie (ISH) – Alt gegen Jung
Authors: Middeke Martin
Published: October 2019

Die isolierte systolische Hypertonie (ISH) ist definiert als erhöhter systolischer Blutdruck (BD) mit normalen oder niedrigen diastolischen Werten: > 140/< 90 mmHg bei der konventionellen Blutdruckmessung am Oberarm. Lange bekannt ist die ISH als typische Hochdruckform im Alter. Die Bedeutung der systolischen Blutdruckerhöhung bei juveniler Hypertonie hat dagegen erst in letzter Zeit Aufmerksamkeit bekommen. Dank neuer Messverfahren ist eine bessere Differenzierung der beiden sehr verschiedenen Hochdruckformen möglich. Eine große Blutdruckamplitude im Alter ist Ausdruck eines fortgeschrittenen arteriellen Gefäßschadens und bei Jungen Ausdruck einer besonders guten Prognose. Dementsprechend muss die ISH im Alter behandelt werden und bei den Jungen nicht.
Ernährung und Fasten bei chronisch entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen
Authors: Michalsen Andreas , Stange Rainer
Published: October 2019

Es existieren prinzipielle Ernährungskonzepte mit grundlegender Plausibilität, die Entzündungen hemmen können. Therapeutisches Fasten dürfte derzeit die am häufigsten ausgegebene und praktizierte Empfehlung sein. Über die vegetarische oder vegane Kostform berichten viele Patienten Besserung und es gibt hierzu eine wachsende Evidenz.

Die Ernährungskonzepte, entstanden aus naturheilkundlichen Traditionen und neueren Entwicklungen, lassen sich grundsätzlich charakterisieren durch ihre Elemente: vornehmlich Frischkost, zuckerarm bzw. zuckerfrei, pflanzenbasiert, wenig tierische Proteine sowie günstige Fettsäuren. Beispiele dafür sind die mediterrane Kost, aber auch vegetarische Kostformen, die auf tierische Proteine weitgehend verzichten.
Management – medikamentöse und nicht-medikamentöse Therapie der axialen Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Sieper Joachim , Braun Jürgen
Published: October 2019

Der Begriff axiale Spondyloarthritis umfasst sowohl Patienten mit schon vorhandenen Röntgenveränderungen in den Sakroiliakalgelenken oder der Wirbelsäule als auch Patienten in der früheren rein entzündlichen Phase ohne strukturelle Knochenveränderungen. Die Grundlagen der Therapie sind physikalische Therapie und nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika, konventionelle DMARDs spielen im therapeutischen Vorgehen keine Rolle. Die klinische Krankheitsaktivität wird gemessen mit zusammengesetzten Scores, dem BASDAI und dem ASDAS, wobei letzterer außer ‚patient reported outcome‘ – Parametern auch das CRP enthält. Sind Patienten weiterhin aktiv trotz konventioneller Therapie, kommen Biologika zum Einsatz, TNF-Blocker oder IL-17-Inhibitoren. Im Gegensatz zu anderen chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen haben sich andere bisher getestete Biologika als ineffektiv erwiesen, JAK-Inhibitoren könnten eine weitere Therapiemöglichkeit für die Zukunft darstellen. Zur Zeit lässt sich nicht voraussagen, welche axSpA Patienten auf welches Biologikum besser ansprechen.
Factors Associated with Attempted External Cephalic Version for Fetal Malpresentation at Term
Authors: Limaye Meghana , Abdullahi Najma , Has Phinnara , Danilack Valery A. , Froehlich Rosemary , Werner Erika
Published: October 2019

Objective To assess differences in patient characteristics between women who did and did not undergo attempted external cephalic version (ECV) for fetal malpresentation at term.

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton gestation and noncephalic presentation at > 37.0 weeks between October 2014 and October 2015. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of women who did and did not undergo attempted ECV and assessed the reasons that women did not attempt ECV.

Results Among 215 women, only 51 (24%) attempted ECV. There were no differences in age, race, insurance type, or body mass index between women who underwent attempted ECV and those who did not. Women who underwent ECV were significantly more likely to have had a prior vaginal delivery (69 vs. 36%, p < 0.001). Seventy-six women (46%) declined ECV. Women who declined ECV were more likely to be nulliparous than those who accepted the procedure (66 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). Among women who had ECV, the success rate was 55%. There were no adverse events after attempted ECV in this cohort.

Conclusion Among women with fetal malpresentation at term, those without a prior vaginal delivery were significantly less likely to undergo attempted ECV.
Effects of Light Curing Method and Exposure Time on Mechanical Properties of Resin Based Dental Materials
Authors: Alpöz A. Rıza , Ertuḡrul Fahinur , Cogulu Dilsah , Ak Aslı Topaloḡlu , Tanoḡlu Metin , Kaya Elçin
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate microhardness and compressive strength of composite resin (Tetric-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), compomer (Compoglass, Ivoclar, Vivadent), and resin modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC, GC Corp) polymerized using halogen light (Optilux 501, Demetron, Kerr) and LED (Bluephase C5, Ivoclar Vivadent) for different curing times.

Methods: Samples were placed in disc shaped plastic molds with uniform size of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm in thickness for surface microhardness test and placed in a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 2 mm teflon cylinders for compressive strength test. For each subgroup, 20 samples for microhardness (n=180) and 5 samples for compressive strength were prepared (n=45). In group 1, samples were polymerized using halogen light source for 40 seconds; in group 2 and 3 samples were polymerized using LED light source for 20 seconds and 40 seconds respectively. All data were analyzed by two way analysis of ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.

Results: Same exposure time of 40 seconds with a low intensity LED was found similar or more efficient than a high intensity halogen light unit (P>.05), however application of LED for 20 seconds was found less efficient than 40 seconds curing time (P=.03).

Conclusions: It is important to increase the light curing time and use appropriate light curing devices to polymerize resin composite in deep cavities to maximize the hardness and compressive strength of restorative materials. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:37-42)
Cuspal movement related to different bonding techniques using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems
Authors: Campos Edson Alves , Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Porto-Neto Sizenando Toledo , Campos Lucas Arrais , Cury Saad José Roberto , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Oliveira-Júnior Osmir Batista
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To investigate the effects of adhesion technique using different contemporary adhesive systems on the cuspal movement in class II composite restorations in human premolar teeth.

Methods: Human premolar teeth were prepared with class II cavities and then restored with composite and etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose and Adper Single Bond) or selfetch (Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond) adhesive systems under different bonding techniques (total bonding and selective bonding). The influence of an intermediate layer of flowable composite was also evaluated. The cuspal distance was measured before and after the restorative procedure, and the difference was recorded as cuspal movement. The data were submitted to ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc comparison procedure test (alpha=0.05).

Results: For all adhesive systems, the teeth restored with selective bonding technique showed lower values of cuspal movement and the use of an intermediary layer of flowable composite did not show any influence on the cuspal movement.

Conclusions: Both the adhesive techniques tested were not able to prevent the cuspal movement. However, selectively bonded class II composite restorations demonstrated lower values of cuspal movement comparing with total bonding technique, and the use of an intermediate layer of flowable composite did not diminish the values of cuspal movement. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:213-218)
Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Findings from the RIETE (Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica) Registry
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Jiménez David , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Barba Raquel , Font Carme , Díaz-Pedroche María del Carmen , Mazzolai Lucia , Little Derek Henry Wallace , Tufano Antonella , Tafur Alfonso J. , Siegal Deborah , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Monreal Manuel ,   for the RIETE Investigators
Published: October 2019

Patients with cirrhosis are not only at an increased risk of bleeding but also at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We sought to determine the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes after VTE in patients with cirrhosis. We used the data from RIETE (Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica), an international registry of patients with VTE, to compare the outcomes in patients with and without cirrhosis. Main outcomes included all-cause mortality, pulmonary embolism (PE)-related mortality, recurrent VTE, and bleeding. Among 43,611 patients with acute VTE, 187 (0.4%) had cirrhosis. Of these, 184 (98.4%) received anticoagulation for a median of 109 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 43–201 days), most commonly with enoxaparin (median dose: 1.77 [IQR: 1.38–2.00] mg/kg/day). Compared with patients without cirrhosis, those with cirrhosis had a higher rate of all-cause mortality (10.7 vs. 3.4%; odds ratio [OR]: 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–5.46) and fatal bleeding (2.1 vs. 0.2%; OR: 13.94; 95% CI: 3.65–37.90) but similar rates of fatal PE (0.5 vs. 0.5%; OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.03–6.70). Patients with cirrhosis had a higher rate of all-cause mortality per 100 patient-years of follow-up (58.9 vs. 16.0; hazard ratio [HR]: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.69–4.91). One-year hazard ratio of clinically relevant bleeding (HR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.91–4.27), fatal bleeding (HR: 8.51; 95% CI: 3.5–20.7), or recurrent VTE (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.00–4.36) was higher in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a challenging comorbidity in patients with VTE. Most patients were treated with anticoagulation and had an elevated risk of recurrence, similar risk of fatal PE, and a very high risk of bleeding including fatal bleeds.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of self-etching dentine bonding agents in a cell culture perfusion condition
Authors: Korsuwannawong Suwanna , Srichan Ratchaporn , Vajrabhaya La-ongthong
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three dentine bonding agents (G-Bond, Clearfil S3 Bond and Clearfil SE Bond X) in cell-culture perfusion.

Methods: In this experiment, 8x104 TCPC SV40 cells (bovine-pulp-derived cells transfected with simian virus 40 large T-antigen) in MEM-alpha media, 20%FCS were seeded on mesh in a 6-well plate and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO2. After 2 days, the mesh inserts were transferred to a 24-well plate and incubated in MEM-alpha media, 20%FCS with 50 μg/ml of ascorbic acid at 37 °C with 5% CO2 for 14 days. The test materials were applied to the dentine discs of dentine barrier models. Three-dimensional cell cultures in mesh and perfusion conditions were generated in this experiment. Each material, as well as the negative control (President) and the positive control (vitrebond), was tested in 5 models with the tests repeated in triplicate. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability after the diffusion of leachable toxicity from the tested materials through the dentine discs.

Results: The cell survival rate with G-Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond was 113.03 and 90.98 percent, respectively, whereas that with Clearfil SE Bond X was 111.83 percent. All three dentine bonding agents had no toxicity compared with the negative control group (P>.05).

Conclusions: All three self-etching dentine-bondingagents are nontoxic. Pulp damage caused by these three bonding agents is unlikely to occur in the clinic. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:408-414)
The relationship between dental health behavior, oral hygiene and gingival status of dental students in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Rahman Betul , Kawas Sausan Al
Published: October 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of knowledge acquired in preventive aspects of dental education on dental students’ own health attitudes, oral hygiene and gingival status in the United Arab Emirates.

Methods: To compare the self-reported oral health behavior of first year dental students in the University of Sharjah with their actual oral hygiene and gingival conditions, 93 volunteers who participated in the study completed the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire. Subsequently a clinical examination for their Plaque Scores (Modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index) and Gingival Bleeding Index was performed by a calibrated dentist.

Results: 29% of the participants reported bleeding gums; 83% were concerned by the color of their gums while 63% reported that it was impossible to prevent gum disease with brushing alone; and only 10% noticed some sticky white deposits on their teeth. However, approximately 92% were not in agreement that they would have false teeth when they grew older. 56% mentioned that they used dental floss regularly and 86% brushed twice daily or more. Male students had higher bleeding and plaque scores than female students. There appeared to be a significant relationship between plaque scores and HU-DBI responses; in addition to the significant relationship noted between recorded bleeding percentages and HU-DBI responses.

Conclusion: Female students have shown better dental care behavior than male students. The dental students with better self-reported oral health attitudes were expected to have lower plaque scores but instead had moderate plaque and gingival bleeding scores. This indicates the need for more emphasis on preventive measures in oral health education. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:22-27)
Assessment of changes in color and color parameters of light-cured composite resin after alternative polymerization methods
Authors: Karaarslan Emine Sirin , Mehmet Bulbul , Ertan Ertas , Cebe Mehmet Ata , Usumez Aslihan
Published: October 2019

Objective:To examine the amount of change in color and color parameters of a composite resin (Filtek P60) polymerized by five different polymerization methods.

Methods: A Teflon mold (6mm in diameter, 2mm in height) was used to prepare the composite resin discs (n=10). G1: Polymerization with inlay oven; G2: Polymerization with HQTH and autoclave; G3: Polymerization with LED and autoclave; G4: Polymerization with HQTH; G5: Polymerization with LED. Colorimetric values of the specimens before and after polymerization were measured using a spectrophotometer. The CIE L*a*b color system was used for the determination of color difference. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data for significant differences. Tukey’s HSD test and paired two-tailed tests were used to perform multiple comparisons (α=.05).

Results: There were no significant differences in total color change (ΔE*ab) among the polymerization groups (P>.05). However, the lowest color change (ΔE*ab) value was 3.3 in LED and autoclave; the highest color change (ΔE*ab) value was 4.6 in HQTH. For all groups, CIE L*, C*ab and a*values decreased after polymerization (P<.05). The highest Δb* and ΔC*ab values were observed in specimens polymerized in an inlay oven (P<.05).

Conclusion: Composite resin material showed color changes above the clinically accepted value in all study groups (ΔE*ab≥3.3). All specimens became darker during investigation (ΔL*< 0). Specimens polymerized with inlay oven presented the highest Δb* values which means less yellow color in specimens. (Eur J Dent 2013;7:110-116)
Pulse-width variation of power supply for evaluating quasi-steady state of magneto-plasma-dynamic thruster operation
Authors: Ide Shunichiro , Koda Daiki , Tsukizaki Ryudo , Nishiyama Kazutaka , Kuninaka Hitoshi
Published: October 2019

Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters are operated in a quasisteady state with about 1.0 ms pulse created by a pulse forming network (PFN). However, there is still no precedent to verify the operation time quantitatively. The nonsteady region of the pulse can lead to an error of the thrust performance against that of steady state operation. In addition, the propellant gas outside the discharge chamber can be consumed since the exhaust velocity exceeds the estimated velocity. This paper shows the first step in quantitative evaluation of the quasisteadiness of an MPD thruster operation. First, we developed a new power supply that outputs a flat-topped and less nonsteady region pulse with a variable pulse width. Compared with that of a PFN, the nonsteady region “tr + tf” decreased from 0.532 to 0.110 ms. By implementing the circuit shorter and adjusting the gate resistance, the surge voltage in the experiment was suppressed to 309 V, which is less than 2% error of that in the PSIM simulation, 305 V. Second, we operated an MPD thruster using the new power supply for discharge and the external magnetic field. As a result, we obtained operation time characteristics by sweeping the operation time from 0.3 to 5.0 ms. The current waveforms are in a range of 620 ± 70 A. We confirmed the consistency of the thrust, 0.32 ± 0.03 N. From the correlation between the input energy and the impulse, it is possible to discuss quasisteadiness of the MPD thruster operation using the determination coefficient and the offset.
Modular thermal Hall effect measurement setup for fast-turnaround screening of materials over wide temperature range using capacitive thermometry
Authors: Kim Ha-Leem , Coak Matthew John , Baglo J. C. , Murphy Keiron , Hill R. W. , Sutherland Michael , Hatnean M. Ciomaga , Balakrishnan Geetha , Park Je-Geun
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate a simple and easy-to-build probe designed to be loaded into a widely available Quantum Design Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) cryostat, with a detachable shielded sample puck section and robust heat sinking of three pairs of coaxial cables. It can be in principle used with any low-temperature cryostat. Our modular puck design has a radiation shield for thermal isolation and protection of the delicate sample space while handling and allows any variety of experimental setup benefiting from shielded coaxial wiring to be constructed on a selection of sample pucks. Pucks can be quickly and easily switched, and the system makes use of the simple yet extremely stable temperature and magnetic field control of the easy-to-use PPMS system. We focus on a setup designed for measurements of the thermal Hall effect and show that this system can yield unprecedented resolution over a wide temperature range and with rapid sample mounting or changing—allowing a large collection of potential samples to be screened for this novel physics. Our design aims to make these sensitive but challenging measurements quick, reliable, cheap, and accessible, through the use of a standard, widespread base cryostat and a system of modular removable sample stage pucks to allow quick turnaround and screening of a large number of candidate samples for potential new thermal Hall physics.
Status of high current H2+ and H3+ ion sources
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Peng Shixiang , Ma Tenghao , Ren Haitao , Zhang Jingfeng , Zhang Tao , Jiang Yaoxiang , Li Kai , Xu Yuan , Zhang Ailin , Wen Jiamei , Guo Zhiyu , Chen Jiaer
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to summarize the developments of high current H2+ and H3+ ion sources in the past decades. The status of the H2+ and H3+ ion sources is discussed to show the attempts researchers made to improve the beam currents of H2+ and H3+. The results of the 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source named PMECR II at Peking University are presented, which may provide an alternative reference for the design and operation of high current H2+ and H3+ ion sources.
Influence of interfacial structural disorder and/or chemical interdiffusion on thermal boundary conductance for Ti/Si and Au/Si couples
Authors: Blank Maïté , Weber Ludger
Published: October 2019

This work aims at experimentally assessing the effect of structural disorder and/or chemical interdiffusion on thermal boundary conductance (TBC) at metal/dielectric interfaces. To this end, the TBC of Au/Si and Ti/Si interfaces was measured by time domain thermoreflectance in the as-deposited state and after various heat treatments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the structure of the interface for each heat treatment condition. The TBC at the Au/Si interface was found to be highest in the as-deposited state and to be somewhat reduced after heat treatments. TEM images showed that the highest TBC was obtained when the interface contained a disordered transition layer with some degree of interdiffusion as present in the as-deposited state. Heat treatments led to the separation of species and to more abrupt interfaces with lower TBC. Whether this change in TBC was linked to disorder or to interdiffusion could not be distinguished. The TBC at the Ti/Si interfaces was observed to decrease with the heat treatment duration. TEM investigations revealed the presence of a thin disordered layer that did not evolve much with heat treatments. The evolution of the TBC was hence rationalized by interdiffusion facilitated by heat treatments that most likely modified the diffusion zone thickness and chemical composition, as well as the disordered layer's chemical composition. These changes result in modified interfacial properties, which ultimately affect the TBC. A quantitative exploration of the TBC dependence on the composition was not possible in this work, due to the extreme thinness of the regions under consideration preventing any reliable STEM-energy dispersive x-ray measurement.
The rationale and emergence of electroconductive biomaterial scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Solazzo Matteo , O'Brien Fergal J. , Nicolosi Valeria , Monaghan Michael G.
Published: October 2019

The human heart possesses minimal regenerative potential, which can often lead to chronic heart failure following myocardial infarction. Despite the successes of assistive support devices and pharmacological therapies, only a whole heart transplantation can sufficiently address heart failure. Engineered scaffolds, implantable patches, and injectable hydrogels are among the most promising solutions to restore cardiac function and coax regeneration; however, current biomaterials have yet to achieve ideal tissue regeneration and adequate integration due a mismatch of material physicochemical properties. Conductive fillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles, and MXenes and conjugated polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophene) can possibly achieve optimal electrical conductivities for cardiac applications with appropriate suitability for tissue engineering approaches. Many studies have focused on the use of these materials in multiple fields, with promising effects on the regeneration of electrically active biological tissues such as orthopedic, neural, and cardiac tissue. In this review, we critically discuss the role of heart electrophysiology and the rationale toward the use of electroconductive biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. We present the emerging applications of these smart materials to create supportive platforms and discuss the crucial role that electrical stimulation has been shown to exert in maturation of cardiac progenitor cells.
Variational reduced density matrix method in the doubly-occupied configuration interaction space using four-particle N-representability conditions: Application to the XXZ model of quantum magnetism
Authors: Rubio-García A. , Dukelsky J. , Alcoba D. R. , Capuzzi P. , Oña O. B. , Ríos E. , Torre A. , Lain L.
Published: October 2019

This work deals with the variational determination of the two-particle reduced density matrix (2-RDM) and the energy corresponding to the ground state of N-particle systems within the doubly occupied configuration interaction (DOCI) space. Here, we impose for the first time up to four-particle N-representability constraint conditions in the variational determination of the 2-RDM matrix elements using the standard semidefinite programming algorithms. The energies and 2-RDMs obtained from this treatment and the corresponding computational costs are compared with those arisen from previously reported less restrictive variational methods [D. R. Alcoba et al., J. Chem. Phys. 149, 194105 (2018)] as well as with the exact DOCI values. We apply the different approximations to the one-dimensional XXZ model of quantum magnetism, which has a rich phase diagram with one critical phase and constitutes a stringent test for the method. The numerical results show the usefulness of our treatment to achieve a high degree of accuracy.
Beam momentum spread measurement using two beam position monitors at Xi’an Proton Application Facility
Authors: Wang M. W. , Zheng S. X. , Wang Z. M. , Qiu M. T. , Guan X. L. , Huang W. H. , Wang X. W.
Published: October 2019

Beam momentum spread is a key parameter of the linac injector at the Xi’an Proton Application Facility (XiPAF), China. A momentum spread measurement method using multiple beam position monitors (BPM) was successfully developed recently at Tsinghua University, China. This work is an extension of the method. The original method requires at least three BPMs to perform the measurement, and the BPMs should be installed far from the accelerator exit, causing long measurement space and low BPM signals. The new method only needs two BPMs, and a much shorter measurement space is proposed for the low-current linac in this paper. The new method was successfully tested at XiPAF. The measured rms momentum spread at the Radio Frequency Quadrupole exit is (5.05 ± 0.06) × 10−3, which agrees well with the spectrometer measured value (5.09 ± 0.05) × 10−3.
Unstable longitudinal expansion of plasma foils accelerated by circularly polarized laser pulses in non-transparent regimes
Authors: Kang T. , Kim Y.-K. , Hur M. S.
Published: October 2019

Relativistic opaqueness has been considered to be a sufficient condition for the stable compression and acceleration of a negligibly thin plasma foil by a circularly polarized laser pulse. However, in our simulations, we observed that finite-thick plasma foils, which are still relativistically nontransparent to the laser pulse, can be subject to sudden and rapid expansion of the foil even when the pulse intensity is expected to be high enough to suppress the electrostatic Coulomb expansion. Analyzing the “distribution” of the ponderomotive force over the finite thickness of a slab-like foil, we found a theoretical condition to avoid the new expansion mechanism. Relations between this expansion and the relativistic electron heating and self-induced transparency are discussed.
The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model
Authors: Yuan Guanglu , Jiang Shicheng , Wang Ziwen , Hua Weijie , Yu Chao , Jin Cheng , Lu Ruifeng
Published: October 2019

Based on a multilevel model considering enough bound electronic states of atoms, we theoretically study the role of the transition dipole phase (TDP) in the attosecond transient absorption (ATA) spectrum of helium in intense laser fields. By solving the stationary Schrödinger equation with B-spline basis sets, we first calculate the transition dipole moments with well-defined phases between the bound states. Using the modified multilevel model, we reveal that the TDP plays an important role in determining the spectral structures if two or more paths populate the excited states from the ground state. Our multilevel model with the accurate TDP is convenient to address the origin of atomic ATA spectral structures by freely removing or adding specific electronic states and has been justified by comparing with the ATA spectra via directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Hopefully, further incorporating macroscopic propagation into the model will provide indepth physical insights into experimental ATA spectra.
Tuning of localized plasmon resonance in colloidal gold nano-particles by ultrafast interband photoinjection of free carriers: Superplasmonic states?
Authors: Kudryashov S. I. , Samokhvalov A. A. , Shelygina S. N. , Veiko V. P.
Published: October 2019

Colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles in water were pumped by filamentary 800-nm, 100-fs laser pulses at variable supercritical peak powers and probed by the accompanying ultrashort white-light supercontinuum pulses. Their broadband (UV-near-IR) spectra revealed the localized plasmon resonance blue-shifting, broadening, and intensity reduction vs the incident peak laser power as a result of the increasing concentration of s-band free carriers additionally photoinjected from high-density d-bands.
Structural changes during the switching transition of chalcogenide selector devices
Authors: Guo Yuzheng , Li Huanglong , Zhang Wei , Robertson John
Published: October 2019

Ovonic threshold switches are a favored choice for chalcogenide-based amorphous (a-) GeSex selector devices used in cross-point arrays of nonvolatile memories. Previous models of their nonlinear high-field conduction proposed a largely electronic-only switching mechanism, within a fixed density of electronic states. Here, we use a density functional molecular-dynamics supercell calculation to show that the high-current excited state configuration of a-GeSex has structural changes such as additional Ge-Ge bonds and overcoordinated Ge sites, giving lower effective mass, more delocalized conduction states, and a lower ON resistance.
In search of Coulson’s lost theorem
Authors: Fowler Patrick W. , Pickup Barry T.
Published: October 2019

In Hückel theory, the bond number is the sum of the orders of the π bonds incident on a given carbon center. From the work of Coulson and his school, it has been believed for over 70 years that the bond number has a maximum of 3 and that this bound is realized by exactly one conjugated framework, that of the trimethylenemethane radical. Search of published literature and archived correspondence failed to find any formal proof of these two statements. Here, we provide a new formula for bond number that leads to an easily checked proof of both. The bond number of graphene is 1.574 597… (90.9% of the mathematical limit), and this value appears to act as a separator for the classes of metallic and semiconducting single-walled nanotubes, as defined within Hückel theory.
Two-photon excited perovskite nanocrystals for bio-imaging
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: October 2019

Researchers hope to use two-photon excitation in semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals to achieve better bio-imaging and bio-labelling.