bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marital Status, 1996: Widowed
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 1996, there were 1.5 million widowed persons in Canada, accounting for 6.4% of the Canadian population 15 years of age and older. The province of Saskatchewan is an exception, with the highest proportion of widowed persons in Canada (7.6%). The widowed
population are spread over much of this region, particularly in the small towns. This is primarily due to the fairly high rates of migration of working-age adults to the other provinces. In Alberta, the situation is completely different. Alberta has the smallest proportion of widowed persons of all
the provinces (5.2%). This is due to Albertas having one of the highest fertility rates, as well as to the economic prosperity of the 1970s, which attracted young adults from other provinces. In the Northwest Territories, the proportion of widowed persons was much smaller than in all the other
provinces (3.1%).
Marital Status, 2001: Married (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Marital status refers to a persons conjugal status. As of May 15, 2001, Canada had 8,371,000 families, up from almost 7,838,000 in 1996. Married couples accounted for 70% of all families in 2001, down from 83% in 1981.
Marital Status, 2001: Widowed (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Marital status refers to a persons conjugal status. As of May 15, 2001, Canada had 8,371,000 families, up from almost 7,838,000 in 1996.
Marital Status, 2006: Married (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, for the first time in Canadian history, there were more unmarried persons aged 15 years and over than legally married people. Just over one-half of Canadas population aged 15 years and over (51.5%) was unmarried; that is, they had never been legally
married (34.9%), or they were divorced (8.0%), widowed (6.2%) or separated (3.0%). Legally married people formed slightly less than half (47.9%) of the population. Twenty years earlier, 61.4% of the population aged 15 years and over was legally married, while 38.6% were
unmarried. Although the proportions of widowed and separated persons have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, increases have occurred largely among the divorced and, even more so, among the single (never legally married) population.
Average Value of Dwelling, 2006 (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The average value of a dwelling in Canada was $263 369 according to the 2006 Census an increase of 62% from the 2001 Census average of $162 709. All provinces and territories have experienced a rise in housing values, particularly in Alberta (84%) and
British Columbia (82%). For example, in Calgary, Alberta it was 89%, and in Kelowna and Victoria, British Columbia, respectively, it was an increase of 102% and 100%. The value of a dwelling is the dollar amount expected by the owner if the dwelling were to be sold. The average value
pertains only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings situated on farms, but can include owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. The map shows the average value of owner occupied dwellings by census
division.
Housing Ownership, 2001 - Percentage of Population Rent Dwelling by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Approximately 66% of households in Canada own their home, compared to approximately 34% of households that rent their dwelling. The highest provincial ownership rates were in Newfoundland and Labrador (78%) and the lowest in Quebec (58%). Nunavut
at 24% has the lowest ownership rates in the country as more than the half of the dwellings are public housing. Home ownership is less in the larger metropolitan areas than in rural and smaller centres. Dwelling refers only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings
situated on farms, but can include owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. The map shows the percentage of households in each census division that rent their dwelling.
Housing Ownership, 2001 - Percentage of Population Own Dwelling by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Approximately 66% of households in Canada own their home, compared to approximately 34% of households that rent their dwelling. The highest provincial ownership rates were in Newfoundland and Labrador (78%) and the lowest in Quebec (58%). Nunavut
at 24% has the lowest ownership rates in the country as more than the half of the dwellings are public housing. Home ownership is less in the larger metropolitan areas than in rural and smaller centres. Dwelling refers only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings
situated on farms, but can include owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. The map shows the percentage of households in each census division that own their dwelling.
Housing Ownership, 2006 - Percentage of Renter Occupied Dwelling by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 Census, 68.4% of households owned their home in 2006, up from 65.8% in 2001. The increase in condominium owners between 2001 and 2006 accounted for more than one-quarter of the increase in the number of Canadian households that own
their dwelling. The term owned dwelling refers only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings situated on farms, but can include owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. At the same time, the proportion of Canadian households that
rented their home declined, from 33.8% in 2001 to 31.2% in 2006. Roughly 0.4% of households in both census years lived in band housing. The map shows the percentage of households in each census subdivision that rent their dwelling.
Housing Ownership, 2006 - Percentage of Population Living in Band Housing by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 Census, 68.4% of households owned their home in 2006, up from 65.8% in 2001. The increase in condominium owners between 2001 and 2006 accounted for more than one-quarter of the increase in the number of Canadian households that own
their dwelling. The term owned dwelling refers only to owner-occupied private dwellings, which do not include dwellings situated on farms, but can include owner-occupied dwellings situated on rented or leased land or part of a condominium. At the same time, the proportion of Canadian households that
rented their home declined, from 33.8% in 2001 to 31.2% in 2006. Roughly 0.4% of households in both census years lived in band housing. The map shows the percentage of households in each census subdivision that live in band housing.
Canadian-born Population, 2001 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows the population of Canadian citizens by birth. The Canadian-born population (or non-immigrant population) represents all Canadians born in Canada to Canadian citizens, including individuals born outside Canada to Canadian parents and immigrant
children born in Canada.
Foreign-born Population, 2006 - Foreign-born Population (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census enumerated 6.2 million foreign-born in Canada. The majority of the foreign-born population (86.8%) lived in three provinces: Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. The map shows the percentage of the total population that was foreign-born by
census subdivision.
Mother Tongue, 2001 - English and French (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2001 Census, 22.9% of Canadians had French as their mother tongue, 59.1% English, and 18% neither of the two official languages. Mother tongue is defined as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the
time of the census. A person with both English and French mother tongue learned both languages at home equally and still understands both. Persons whose mother tongue is neither English or French, in combination with one non-official language, or have neither English or French mother tongue fall in
the other language group.
Mother Tongue, 2001 - French (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2001 Census, 22.9% of Canadians had French as their mother tongue, 59.1% English, and 18% neither of the two official languages. Mother tongue is defined as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the
time of the census. A person with both English and French mother tongue learned both languages at home equally and still understands both. Persons whose mother tongue is neither English or French, in combination with one non-official language, or have neither English or French mother tongue fall in
the other language group.
Mother Tongue, 2001 - Other Languages (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In the 2001 Census, 22.9% of Canadians had French as their mother tongue, 59.1% English, and 18% neither of the two official languages. Mother tongue is defined as the first language a person learned at home in childhood and still understood at the
time of the census. A person with both English and French mother tongue learned both languages at home equally and still understands both. Persons whose mother tongue is neither English or French, in combination with one non-official language, or have neither English or French mother tongue fall in
the other language group.
English-French Bilingualism, 1996
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 1996, 67% of Canadas population were able to conduct a conversation in English only, 14% in French only and 17% in both of these languages. Around 2% of people enumerated reported not knowing either of these two languages. This map shows the
percentage of the Canadian population in 1996 who were able to conduct a conversation in both official languages, English and French.
Literacy Performance on 2003 Adult Literacy Skills Survey: Working Age Population (16 to 65 years of age by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2003, the average prose literacy score for the Canadian population age 16 and over was 272 on a scale ranging from 0 to 500. Prose literacy is defined as the skills needed to understand and use information from texts. The average prose literacy scores were
above the national average in the Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. Conversely, the average prose literacy scores of those of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador and Nunavut were below the Canadian average. Nova Scotia, the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Ontario and Prince
Edward Island had average prose scores that were not statistically different than the Canadian averages. In Quebec there were significant variations in performance across the domains. This map depicts average prose scores by census divisions.
Surficial Materials (Nunavut)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Surficial Materials are unconsolidated earth deposits of various origins. This map shows the distribution of surficial materials in Nunavut, on land and in extensive offshore areas.
Aboriginal Cultural Areas (Nunavut)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada may be divided into six broad Aboriginal cultural areas based on major geographic regions. Tribes in the same region share a greater number of cultural affinities than tribes from different regions. However only in the Arctic do the lines of geography,
language and culture coincide so closely. Nunavuts boundary strongly reflects that of the cultural zone of the Aboriginal people of the Eastern Arctic. The Inuit are descendants of the Thule, who came from Asia and lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. Their language, Inuktitut, is spoken by
most of the population.
Marine Transportation to Nunavut
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Shipping remains the most important mode of transportation for goods even though navigation is possible only four months of the year during the ice-free period. The re-supply of oil and other basic products from the south is done mostly by sea. The mining and
fishing industries also use shipping.
Population Change, 1996 to 2001 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Between 1996 and 2001, the nation's population increased by 1 160 333 people, a gain of 4%. Canada has experienced one of the smallest census-to-census growth rates in its population. The Census counted 30 007 094 people in Canada on May 15, 2001, compared
with 28 846 761 in 1996. Only three provinces and one territory registered growth rates above the national average of 4%. Alberta's population surged by 10.3%, compared with 5.9% between 1991 and 1996. Ontario gained 6.1%, British Columbia 4.9% and Nunavut
8.1%.
Population Distribution, 2006
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

According to the 2006 census, the population of Canada was 31 612 897 on May 16, 2006. This map shows the population distribution, based on the population density and the population counts of census dissemination blocks. A dissemination block is generally an area
the size of a city block bounded by intersecting streets. There are 478 831 blocks across Canada. In order to define the three population-distribution classes, the blocks for all of Canada were ordered by their population density, from highest to lowest. The population counts for each block were
then used to determine where 75 per cent of the population lived, where 24 per cent of the population lived, and where less than 1 percent of the population lived.
Overall Sex Composition, 2006 (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, Canadas population consisted of 49% males (15.5 million) and 51% females (16.1 million), a sex ratio of 96 males per hundred females. Females outnumbered males in every province except for Alberta and the three territories. Alberta had the most
balanced sex ratio, with almost half male and half female. The map shows the sex distribution by census subdivision.
Sex Composition (female) by Age, 2006 - Golden Years by Census Subdivision (65 - 79 years old)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows the sex composition by age of the population by census subdivision.
Sex Composition (female) by Age, 2006 - Oldest Old by Census Division (80 years of age and older)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows the sex composition by age of the population by census division.
Sex Composition (female) by Age, 2006 - Early Working Years by Census Division (15 - 34 years old)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows the sex composition by age of the population by census division.
Sex Composition (male) by Marital Status, 2006 - Separated (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows by census subdivision the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Sex Composition (female) by Marital Status, 2006 - Widowed (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, 49.4% of males and 46.5% of females aged 15 years and over were legally married (and not separated), while 2.7% of the males and 3.2% of the females were separated, but still legally married. The male and female proportions for divorced
people were 7.2% and 8.8% respectively. The gender gaps in the widowed and never married categories were larger: 2.5% of males and 9.7% of females were widowed while 38.2% of males, but only 31.8% of females were never legally married. In the case of the never married
population 15 years of age and over, the highest proportions occurred in Quebec (46.8% of men and 40.0% of women), and the three territories (Yukon: 46.6% of men and 40.7% of women; Northwest Territories: 54.4% of men and 49.4% of women; and Nunavut: 63.4% of men and
59.2% of women). On the other hand, the sexual divergence of rates between males and females never legally married was highest in Alberta (37.7% of males versus 30.4% for females or a 7.3% difference) and Saskatchewan (36.6% of males versus 29.3% for females or a 7.3%
spread). For the widowed population, this disparity was most pronounced for Saskatchewan (2.7% widowers versus 11.6% widows or an almost 9% difference). The map shows by census division the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Sex Composition (female) by Marital Status, 2006 - Single (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows by census subdivision the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Sex Composition (female) by Marital Status, 2006 - Single (by census division)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In 2006, 49.4% of males and 46.5% of females aged 15 years and over were legally married (and not separated), while 2.7% of the males and 3.2% of the females were separated, but still legally married. The male and female proportions for divorced
people were 7.2% and 8.8% respectively. The gender gaps in the widowed and never married categories were larger: 2.5% of males and 9.7% of females were widowed while 38.2% of males, but only 31.8% of females were never legally married. In the case of the never married
population 15 years of age and over, the highest proportions occurred in Quebec (46.8% of men and 40.0% of women), and the three territories (Yukon: 46.6% of men and 40.7% of women; Northwest Territories: 54.4% of men and 49.4% of women; and Nunavut: 63.4% of men and
59.2% of women). On the other hand, the sexual divergence of rates between males and females never legally married was highest in Alberta (37.7% of males versus 30.4% for females or a 7.3% difference) and Saskatchewan (36.6% of males versus 29.3% for females or a 7.3%
spread). For the widowed population, this disparity was most pronounced for Saskatchewan (2.7% widowers versus 11.6% widows or an almost 9% difference). The map shows by census division the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Sex Composition (female) by Marital Status, 2006 - Divorced (by census subdivision)
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

In general, in most regions of Canada there are more females than males and this trend is particularly evident in areas with higher proportions of the population who are elderly. The preponderance of females in the older age groups is due to their higher life
expectancy compared to males. In 2006, Saskatchewan had the highest proportion (17.1%) of the female population that was 65 years and over, while Alberta (11.9%), and the three territories (7.2% for Yukon, 4.9% for the Northwest Territories, and 2.6% for Nunavut) had the lowest
proportions. The map shows by census subdivision the marital status of the population 15 years of age and over by gender.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Chinese Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - Latin American Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - South Asian Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2001 - South East Asian Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Canada was home to almost 4 million individuals who identified themselves as visible minorities in 2001, accounting for 13.4% of the total population. The proportion of the visible minority population has increased steadily over the past 20 years. In 1981,
1.1 million visible minorities accounted for 4.7% of the total population; by 1996, 3.2 million accounted for 11.2%.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Arab Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (Arab population) by census divisions.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Arab Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (Arab population) by census subdivisions.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Black Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (Black population) by census subdivisions.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Chinese Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (chinese population) by census divisions.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - Filipino Population by Census Division
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (Filipino population ) by census divisions.
Visible Minority Population, 2006 - South Asian Population by Census Subdivision
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities (South Asian population) by census subdivisions.
Visible Minority Population by Census Division, 2006
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The 2006 Census estimated 5.1 million individuals who belonged to a visible minority. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour. The visible minority
population has grown steadily over the last 25 years. In 1981, when data for the four Employment Equity designated groups were first derived, the estimated 1.1 million visible minorities represented 4.7% of Canada's total population. In 1991, 2.5 million people were members of the visible
minority population, 9.4% of the total population. The visible minority population further increased to 3.2 million in 1996, or 11.2% of the total population. By 2001, their numbers had reached an estimated 3.9 million or 13.4% of the total population. In 2006, the visible minorities
accounted for 16.2% of Canadas total population. This map shows the percentage of visible minorities by census divisions.
Quality of Life - Leisure and Recreation
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Leisure and recreational activities affect overall well-being and can have a direct bearing on health. Opportunity for and access to leisure and recreational activities directly influences quality of life, since they are necessary for individual health and
well-being.
Quality of Life - Social Stability
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

Stability is important for overall well-being and can be affected by adverse changes in the social environment. Lack of social stability inversely influences quality of life, because it suggests a possible breakdown of the social order. Impacts on health and
well-being may vary, but can potentially have detrimental long-lasting repercussions for society and the individual. Lower mobility (or change in residence) among the population through time implies greater social cohesion.
Quality of Life Economic Environment Indicator - Average Employment Income
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The economic environment represents the external conditions under which people are engaged in, and benefit from, economic activity. The indicators of the economic environment measure the ability of households to access goods and services important to quality of
life.
Quality of Life - Physical Environment Index with Personal Security
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The physical environment represents the external conditions under which we live. This map shows the quality of the physical environment: the environment in which people live. It includes aspects of access to services, security and safety, and environmental
conditions pertaining to air quality and housing, including the personal security data for a reduced number of communities in the index.
Quality of Life - Physical Environment Index
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The physical environment represents the external conditions under which we live. This map shows the quality of the physical environment: the environment in which people live. It includes aspects of access to services, security and safety, and environmental
conditions pertaining to air quality and housing.
Quality of Life Physical Environment Indicator - Distance from Centre of Census Subdivision to Nearest Hospital
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The physical environment represents the external conditions under which we live. This map shows the quality of the physical environment: the environment in which people live. It includes aspects of access to services, security and safety, and environmental
conditions pertaining to air quality and housing. Eight indicators have been used to assess aspects of the quality of the physical environment.
Quality of Life Physical Environment Indicator - Air Quality: Measured as Total Particulate Matter Emissions
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The physical environment represents the external conditions under which we live. This map shows the quality of the physical environment: the environment in which people live. It includes aspects of access to services, security and safety, and environmental
conditions pertaining to air quality and housing. Eight indicators have been used to assess aspects of the quality of the physical environment.
Quality of Life Social Environment Indicator - Ratio of Female Median Income to Male Median Income
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The social environment represents the external conditions under which people engage in social activity within their community. It includes aspects of social opportunity, leisure and recreation, education, access to health services, health status and participation
in democratic processes. Fourteen indicators have been used to assess aspects of quality of the social environment.
Quality of Life Social Environment Indicator - Female Participation Rate in Workforce
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The social environment represents the external conditions under which people engage in social activity within their community. It includes aspects of social opportunity, leisure and recreation, education, access to health services, health status and participation
in democratic processes. Fourteen indicators have been used to assess aspects of quality of the social environment.
Physical Activity of Adults and Youth: Health Region's Rank
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

The map shows by health region in 2005 the overall physical activity of youth and adults ranked from 1 to 73.
Cultural Tourist Attractions - Museums
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the locations of more than 1000 museums that are members of the Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN), a Special Operating Agency of the Canadian Heritage Department.
Cultural Tourist Attractions - National Historic and Cultural World Heritage Sites
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map locates the National Historic Sites administered by Parks Canada and the five UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Sites located in Canada. National Historic Sites are maintained to commemorate significant historic places, people and
events.
Natural Tourist Attractions - National Parks
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

National Parks and National Marine Conservation Areas form a countrywide network of areas set aside by Canada for their great natural interest. They are protected for public understanding, enjoyment and appreciation.
Natural Tourist Attractions - UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are representative terrestrial or coastal ecosystems of the Earth. They are established by UNESCOs Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) to promote biodiversity conservation and are viewed as model areas of sustainable development. Tourism
is an important activity in many biosphere reserves. This map locates the Canadian Biosphere Reserves.
Land Cover
Authors:   Atlas of Canada
Published: December 2018

This map shows the distribution of land cover types across Canada, based on satellite data obtained in 1995. The land cover map contains 31 classes: 12 forest; 3 shrubland; 7 tundra/grasslands; 7 developed land types including cropland, mosaic and built-up areas;
and 2 water cover types.
Digital Transformation of the Greek Retail Banking: An Evaluation of Systemic Banks’ Websites
Authors: Mylonakis John
Published: December 2018

Digital transformation seems to have been materialized to a large extent by Greek Banks, which continue to innovate in Retail Banking continuously improving their websites and customer choice options. It is important to mention that the Banking sector in Greece has gone on the same footing as banks abroad and is barely able to provide services and services, despite the adverse economic conditions. The paper examines the advantages, disadvantages and the role of the various factors that generally apply to the digital transformation of the Banking Sector. The research revealed that the banking sector in Greece seems to have followed the worldwide technological developments and has made the necessary changes to turn any digital achievements into its own benefit.
Book Reading Choices of University Students in Jordan
Authors: Kamhieh Celine
Published: December 2018

It is widely believed that today’s university students are so enamoured of social media and other online attractions that book reading is no longer included in their leisure-time activities, particularly in the Arab world where smartphone penetration is high and interest in reading is perceived to be low. As teachers, we have an obligation to ensure our students are reading books of their own choosing. This study investigates the book-reading choices of a convenience sample of 100 male and female students attending a private university in Jordan to determine 1) what those choices are, 2) what patterns we can detect among their choices and 3) what language and format they prefer to read in. Results show that students look West for most of their book choices, at the expense of their own literature and authors, that their gendered choices reflect many of the patterns already established in the literature, that they prefer to read printed rather than digital books and that third-person narrator voice is most commonly used in the novels they read. The study also suggests that book choice may have less to do with book-based appeal factors (such as, author, protagonist, etc.,) and more to do with the overall reading experience, and that the narrator voice used in the novels students read can contribute to the richness and overall value of that reading experience.
Russian and Negative Prefixing: A Cognitive-Semantic Approach to the Negative Adjective Prefixing in Russian, Spanish, Persian, and English
Authors: Singh Rajdeep
Published: December 2018

Negative prefixing has always been an important and intriguing morphological process, through which adjectives are formed in many different languages. However, there are limits to negative prefixing. In this study, we introduce the novel concept of Polarity Flexibility, through which the limitations for the negative prefixing are accounted for. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment to investigate whether the PF is an active cognitive process. The results of the experiment confirm our hypothesis and the fact that Polarity Flexibility does indeed influence the cognitive processing. In our study, we introduce the notion of the syntactic arrangement which influences the negative prefixing. Therefore, we compare Russian, Persian, Spanish and English in negative prefixing to show how much the cognitive processes are influenced by the syntactic formations. Russian as a representative of Slavic languages brings an important insight into the way syntax plays role in the semantic-cognitive context.
Self-Profiling and Agenda Marketing in Buhari’s May 29, 2018 Broadcast and Adjoining Pronouncements
Authors: Ayansola Abayomi O.
Published: December 2018

Considering that the discursive structures in political discourse often manifest the ideological properties of language and the choices that speakers make from a number of alternative words are self-serving, this paper evaluates the Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari’s linguistic strategies of self-profiling and political agenda marketing. Data were excerpted from Buhari’s May 29, 2018 Democracy Day broadcast, “The-Not-Too-Young-to-Run-Bill” and his Press Statement announcing a posthumous Award to the winner of June 12, 1993 Presidential Election and the declaration of June 12 as Democracy Day in Nigeria. The study, based on Critical Discourse Analysis, revealed that self-profiling and agenda marketing in these texts manifested language ideologies which were instantiated through the co-option of critical stakeholders, performance profiling and agenda-setting which were aimed at halting the low performance rating of the president but to earn him re-election in 2019. Buhari’s pronouncements and, by extension, his ideology, were political gimmicks aimed at enlisting the support of Nigerians and hoodwink them into giving him a fresh mandate. The study’s interrogation of Buhari’s pre-election pronouncements could guide the public in their reaction to the ideologies of politicians.
Interface of the Environment and Characters in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Dick Angela Ngozi
Published: December 2018

The focus of this paper exposed the engagement of the literary persons in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus and its environment. How the characters interfaced with their environment to develop the plot is examined. The environment refers to the natural world as a whole or a particular geographical area, especially as affected by human activity. It can also refer to all circumstances, people, events, living or non-living things, physical or chemical processes, and natural forces. In Purple Hibiscus, the environment operationally refers to the cities and villages, flower gardens and insects, football field, the church, cultural and religious practices, the characters that people (inhabit) the setting of the novel. All these form the setting and influence the actions and behaviour of the characters. Eco-criticism as a literary theory best explains the relationship between literature and the environment. It interpretes the actions of the characters based on their surroundings. This literary exercise used a branch of eco-criticism that studies the relationship between literature and the physical environment to analyze Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus.
The Effects of Using Scoring Rubrics and Self-Regulation Strategies on the EFL Intermediate Students’ Reading Gains
Authors: Gorjipour Hasneh , Hoseinpoor Maedeh
Published: December 2018

Rubrics are considered beneficial for both teaching and learning, especially when they are practiced as formativeassessment (Panadero & Jonsson, 2013). By applying self-regulation strategies together with reading based rubric,this study mainly intended to examine the effects of rubrics and self-regulation strategies on the Iranian learners'reading comprehension gains across gender. The participants of the study were 60 male and female EFL studentsselected based on their PET scores. Subsequently, a pretest of reading comprehension was administered to the groupsof experimental and control as well as male and female groups to determine their proficiency level. Then, theexperimental group underwent training on how to use reading rubric and self-regulation strategies. At the end of thecourse, the reading comprehension post-test was re-administered. The findings suggested that there was a statisticallysignificant difference between rubric-oriented classes in conjunction with learners’ use of self-regulation strategiesand rubric-free classes in terms of the students’ reading comprehension gains. Furthermore, the results showed thatthe male learners outperformed their female counterparts in utilizing self-regulation strategies and rubrics in readingcomprehension. Moreover findings suggested some theoretical and pedagogical implications for the languagelearners, teachers, and syllabus designers.
Clinical introduction into population health management using a peer mentoring strategy
Authors: Avallone Margaret A. , Cantwell Renee , Pacetti Staci
Published: December 2018

Background/objective: Baccalaureate nursing clinical experiences must prepare graduates to assess and support the health of vulnerable populations within communities. Clinical experiences need to align with theoretical coursework throughout the entire curriculum. This pilot project evaluated an innovative method to introduce second-semester Accelerated Baccalaureate Students (ABS) into a service-learning community experience using a peer-mentoring strategy.Methods: Eleven second-semester and twelve fourth-semester ABS students were paired in learning dyads in a low-income, ethnically diverse urban housing development, along with community health workers and social workers.  Second-semester students were peer-mentored by fourth-semester students. Second-semester students performed health screenings, health promotion education, and medication reconciliation guided by fourth-semester students. Learning objectives and changes in knowledge were evaluated before and after the experience in a retrospective pretest/posttest format for all students. Additionally, second-semester students reported their perception of the mentoring experience on self-confidence, satisfaction, and helpfulness.Results: The learning objective rated highest related to the role of social determinants of health in the overall health of the residents (M = 4.38). Paired t-test analysis revealed significant positive increases in levels of knowledge about social determinants of health, role of culture, and importance of the interprofessional team. On a scale of one to five, second-semester students reported increased self-confidence (M = 4.2), satisfaction with the learning experience (M = 4), and help providing health promotion strategies (M = 4.4) due to mentorship by the fourth semester students.Conclusions: Students’ comments reflected an appreciation of the complexity of healthcare issues affecting vulnerable members of the community. Second-semester students reported more confidence and perceived themselves to be more effective due to the mentorship of the fourth semester students when providing education to residents with complex health needs.