bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Functional Domain(s) of Fibrillarin Interacted with p2 of Rice stripe virus
Authors: Zheng Luping , He Jie , Ding Zuomei , Zhang Chenlong , Meng Ruoxue
Published: March 2018

p2 of Rice stripe virus may promote virus systemic infection by interacting with the full length of fibrillarin from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbFib2) in the nucleolus and cajal body (CB). NbFib2 contains three functional domains. We used yeast two-hybrid, colocalization, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays to study the interactions between p2 and the three domains of NbFib2, namely, the N-terminal fragment containing a glycine and arginine-rich (GAR) domain, the central RNA-binding domain, and the C-terminal fragment containing an α-helical domain. The results show that the N-terminal domain is indispensable for NbFib2 to localize in the nucleolus and cajal body. p2 binds all three regions of NbFib2, and they target to the nucleus but fail to the nucleolus and cajal bodies (CBs).
Susceptible and Prognostic Genetic Factors Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Prabodha L. B. L. , Sirisena N. D. , Dissanayake V. H. W.
Published: March 2018

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a disorder of glucose metabolism. It is a complex process involving the regulation of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, and glucose uptake at the cellular level. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the debilitating complications that is present in approximately 50% of diabetic patients. It is the primary cause of diabetes-related hospital admissions and nontraumatic foot amputations. The pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy is a complex process that involves hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and altered polyol metabolism that changes the nerve microvasculature, altered growth factor support, and deregulated lipid metabolism. Recent literature has reported that there are several heterogeneous groups of susceptible genetic loci which clearly contribute to the development of DPN. Several studies have reported that some patients with prediabetes develop neuropathic complications, whereas others demonstrated little evidence of neuropathy even after long-standing diabetes. There is emerging evidence that genetic factors may contribute to the development of DPN. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of the susceptible and prognostic genetic factors associated with DPN. An extensive survey of the scientific literature published in PubMed using the search terms “Diabetic peripheral neuropathy/genetics” and “genome-wide association study” was carried out, and the most recent and relevant literature were included in this review.
Evaluation of Different Restoration Combinations Used in the Reattachment of Fractured Teeth: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Guven Nagihan , Topuz Ozgur , Yikilgan İhsan
Published: March 2018

Objective. The purpose of this study was to test different restoration combinations used for constructing fractured endodontically treated incisors by reattaching their fractured fragments. Methods. Seven types of 3-D FEM mathematical root canal-filled models were generated, simulating cases of (OB) reattaching fractured fragments; (CrPL) reattaching fractured fragments + ceramic palatinal laminate; (CmPL) reattaching fractured fragments + composite palatinal laminate; (CM) reattaching fractured fragments + coronal 1/3 of the root was filled using core material; (BP) reattaching fractured fragments + glass fiber post; (CP) composite resin restoration + glass fiber post; and (OC) composite resin restoration. A 100-N static oblique force was applied to the simulated teeth with 135° on the node at 2 mm above the cingulum to analyze the stress distribution at the tooth. Results. For enamel tissue, the highest stress values were observed in model BP, and the lowest stress values were observed in model CmPL. For dentine tissue, the highest stress concentrations were observed around the fracture line for all models. Conclusions. Reattachment of fractured fragments by bonding may be preferred as a restoration option for endodontically treated incisors; also, palatinal laminate decreases the stress values at tooth tissues, especially at the enamel and the fracture line.
Curcumin-Loaded Mixed Micelles: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Antitumor Activity
Authors: Ji Suping , Lin Xiao , Yu Enjiang , Dian Chengyang , Yan Xiong , Li Liangyao , Zhang Meimei , Zhao Wenchang , Dian Linghui
Published: March 2018

The objective of this study was to prepare curcumin-loaded mixed Soluplus/TPGS micelles (Cur-TPGS-PMs) for oral administration. The Cur-TPGS-PMs showed a mean size of 65.54 ± 2.57 nm, drug encapsulation efficiency over 85%, and drug loading of 8.17%. The Cur-TPGS-PMs were found to be stable in various pH media (pH 1.2 for 2 h, pH 6.8 for 2 h, and pH 7.4 for 6 h). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns illustrated that curcumin was in the amorphous or molecular state within PMs. The In vitro release test indicated that Cur-TPGS-PMs possessed a significant sustained-release property. The cell viability in MCF-7 cells was found to be relatively lower in Cur-TPGS-PM-treated cells as compared to free Cur-treated cells. CLSM imaging revealed that mixed micelles were efficiently absorbed into the cytoplasm region of MCF-7 cells. Therefore, Cur-TPGS-PMs could have the significant value for the chronic breast cancer therapy.
The International Prognostic Index for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Has the Higher Value in Predicting Overall Outcome Compared with the Barcelona-Brno Biomarkers Only Prognostic Model and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Prognostic Index
Authors: Muñoz-Novas Carolina , Poza-Santaella María , González-Gascón y Marín Isabel , Hernández-Sánchez María , Rodríguez-Vicente Ana-Eugenia , Infante María-Stefania , Heras Cecilia , Foncillas María-Ángeles , Marín Karen , Hernández-Rivas Jesús-María , Hernández José-Ángel
Published: March 2018

In recent years, new prognostic indexes (PIs) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which include clinical, biological, and genetic variables, have been validated, highlighting the MD Anderson Cancer Center prognostic index (MDACC PI), the CLL-international prognostic index (CLL-IPI), and the Barcelona-Brno biomarkers only prognostic model. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of these PIs in a cohort of Spanish patients. A retrospective analysis of 696 unselected CLL patients newly diagnosed and previously untreated from different Spanish institutions was performed. The MDACC PI, the CLL-IPI, and the biomarkers only PI were applied to these patients, and a comparison of the three PIs was performed. With a median follow-up time of 46 months, 394 patients were alive and 187 had received treatment. The median overall survival (OS) was 173 months and the median time to first therapy (TTFT) was 32 months. Significant differences were obtained in OS and TTFT for all subgroups when applying these PIs, with the CLL-IPI being the one with the higherc-index (0.676 for OS and 0.757 for TTFT). The three PIs were able to discriminate patients in different prognostic subgroups. In our cohort, the CLL-IPI showed higher power in predicting TTFT and OS.
Xenomonitoring of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for the Presence of Filarioid Helminths in Eastern Austria
Authors: Übleis Sarah Susanne , Cuk Claudia , Nawratil Michaela , Butter Julia , Schoener Ellen , Obwaller Adelheid G. , Zechmeister Thomas , Duscher Georg G. , Rubel Franz , Lebl Karin , Zittra Carina , Fuehrer Hans-Peter
Published: March 2018

Information on mosquito-borne filarioid helminths in Austria is scarce, but recent discoveries of Dirofilaria repens indicate autochthonous distribution of this parasite in Eastern Austria. In the current xenomonitoring study, more than 48,000 mosquitoes were collected in Eastern Austria between 2013 and 2015, using different sampling techniques and storage conditions, and were analysed in pools with molecular tools for the presence of filarioid helminth DNA. Overall, DNA of D. repens, Setaria tundra, and two unknown filarioid helminths were documented in twenty mosquito pools within the mitochondrial cox1 gene (barcode region). These results indicate that S. tundra, with roe deer as definite hosts, is common in Eastern Austria, with most occurrences in floodplain mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes vexans). Moreover, DNA of D. repens was found in an Anopheles plumbeus mosquito close to the Slovakian border, indicating that D. repens is endemic in low prevalence in Eastern Austria. This study shows that xenomonitoring is an adequate tool to analyse the presence of filarioid helminths, but results are influenced by mosquito sampling techniques, storage conditions, and molecular protocols.
Decreased IL-33 Production Contributes to Trophoblast Cell Dysfunction in Pregnancies with Preeclampsia
Authors: Chen Hong , Zhou Xiaobo , Han Ting-Li , Baker Philip N. , Qi Hongbo , Zhang Hua
Published: March 2018

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening pregnancy complication which is related to aggradation of risk regarding fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of systemic inflammatory response and dysfunction of trophoblast cells have been proposed to be involved in the development and progression of PE. Some studies have demonstrated that interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is associated with the immune regulation of tumor cells. However, little is known whether IL-33 and its receptor ST2/IL-1 R4 could regulate trophoblast cells, which are associated with the pathogenesis of PE. In this study, our target is to explore the impact of IL-33 on trophoblast cells and elucidate its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Placental tissues from the severe PE group (n=11) and the normotensive pregnant women’s group (n=11) were collected for the protein expression and distribution of IL-33 along with its receptor ST2/IL-1 R4 via Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We discovered that the level of IL-33 was decreased in placental tissues of pregnant women with PE, while no distinction was observed in the expression of ST2/IL-1 R4. These results were further verified in villous explants which were treated with sodium nitroprusside with different concentrations, to simulate the pathological environment of PE. To investigate IL-33 effects on trophoblast cells separately, IL-33 shRNA was introduced into HTR8/SVneo cells and villi. IL-33 shRNA weakened the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of HTR8/SVneo cells. The migration distance of villous explants was also markedly decreased. The reduced invasion of trophoblast cells is a result of IL-33 knockdown which could be related to the decline of MMP2/9 activity and the increased utterance of TIMP1/2. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the reduction of IL-33 production was connected with the reduced functional capability of trophoblast cells, thus inducing placental insufficiency that has been linked to the development of PE.
Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Experimental Dental Composites as a Function of Formulation and Postcuring Thermal Treatment
Authors: Esteves Renata A. , Boaro Letícia C. C. , Gonçalves Flávia , Campos Luiza M. P. , Silva Cecy M. , Rodrigues-Filho Leonardo Eloy
Published: March 2018

This study evaluated the influence of formulation and thermal treatment on the degree of conversion, fracture toughness, flexural strength, and elastic modulus of experimental composites. Six composites were analyzed at BisGMA : TEGDMA molar ratios of 1 : 1 and 7 : 3 with filler at 30, 50, and 70 wt%. The degree of conversion was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fracture toughness was measured using the single-edge notched beam, and flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured with the 3-point bend test. For all tests, one-half of the specimens received thermal treatment at 170°C for 10 min. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA/Tukey’s test (α = 5%). The 1 : 1 BisGMA : TEGDMA ratio showed higher properties than the 7 : 3 ratio. Although the material with 70% filler had a conversion lower than the one with 50%, it showed higher mechanical properties. The thermal treatment improved all properties in all materials. Therefore, the use of an equimolar ratio of BisGMA : TEGDMA can be paired with 70 wt% filler to design dental composites that possess increased advantageous physical and chemical properties. Furthermore, the simple and low-cost method of thermal treatment proposed for use in clinical dentistry has been shown to effectively improve the properties of all evaluated materials.
Patogenia de las enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas crónicas
Authors: Borzonw Tassara Gisella
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Hipertensión pulmonar y corazón pulmonar crónico en LCFA
Authors: Lisboa Basualto Carmen
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Rehabilitación respiratoria
Authors: Lisboa Basualto Carmen , Leiva Rodriguez Isabel
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Interconsulatas y enlace en la psiquiatría
Authors: Torres Berrenechea Rafael
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Abuso y dependencia de sustancias psicoactivas
Authors: Seguel Lizama Mario
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tratamiento de las dependencias de sustancias
Authors: Seijas Buschiazzo Daniel
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Control continuo de la calidad como método científico
Authors: Ferreiro P. Osvaldo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Casos radiológicos
Authors: García B. Cristian , Rosales F. Rosario , Navarro O. M. Elena
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Resistencia insulínica y obesidad
Authors: Moreno Gonzalez Manuel I.
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Manejo de la obesidad a través de un programa multidisciplinario
Authors: Grekin Garfunkel Carlos
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad
Authors: Manrique Espinoza Monica
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Casos Radiológicos
Authors: Huete Lira Isidro , Contreras Olea Oscar , García Bruce Cristian
Published: March 2018

SIn resumen
Líquido pleural: optimización de su aporte diagnóstico
Authors: Cruz Mena Edgardo , Quiroga Teresa
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Manejo de derrame pleural paraneumónico
Authors: Blacutt Marcelo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Manejo de derrame pleural tuberculoso
Authors: Jover López Eli
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Enfermedades de la pleura en niños
Authors: Alvarez Garrido Cecilia
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Manejo de la tos crónica
Authors: Cartagena Salinas Claudia , Moreno Bolton Rodrigo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Tratamiento invasivos del adenoma prostático
Authors: Del Campo Shulze Fernando
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Cáncer de la próstata: Biología molecular, herencia y prevención
Authors: Velasco Palma Alfredo
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Reemplazos articulares
Authors: Paulos Arenas Jaime
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
TEP masivo: Diagnóstico y terapia endovascular
Authors: Fava Peirano Mario , Flores Gutierrez Paulo , Loyola Zunino Maria Soledad
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
La autopsia. Un comienzo y no el fin
Authors: Gonzalez Bombardiere Sergio
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Casos radiológicos
Authors: Cruz Olivos Francisco , Varela Ubilla Cristian , García Bruce Cristian
Published: March 2018

Sin resumen
Metformin Suppresses Tumor Progression by Inactivating Stromal Fibroblasts in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Xu Sen , Yang Zongyuan , Jin Ping , Yang Xin , Li Xiaoting , Wei Xiao , Wang Ya , Long Sixiang , Zhang Taoran , Chen Gang , Sun Chaoyang , Ma Ding , Gao Qinglei
Published: March 2018

Ovarian cancer is a devastating disease due to its high incidence of relapse and chemoresistance. The tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor stroma compartment, was proven to contribute tremendously to the unsatisfactory chemotherapeutic efficacy in ovarian cancer. Cytotoxic agents not only effect tumor cells, but also modulate the phenotype and characteristics of the vast stromal cell population, which can in turn alter the tumor cell response to chemointervention. In this study, we focused on the tumor stroma response to cytotoxic agents and the subsequent effect on the ovarian cancer tumor cells. First, we found a significant stromal overexpression of IL6 in patient samples that received cisplatin-based treatment, which was further validated in purified fibroblasts challenged with cisplatin. Stromal fibroblast–derived IL6 was proven to mediate ovarian cancer tumor cell chemoresistance. For the first time, we found that the tumor stroma of patients with routine metformin administration exhibited lower IL6 expression. Thus, we presumed that metformin was a potent alleviator of stromal inflammation in ovarian cancer. We found that metformin partly reversed cisplatin-stimulated IL6 secretion in the stromal fibroblasts and attenuated fibroblast-facilitated tumor growth in 3D organotypic cocultures and murine xenograft models. Mechanistically, we found that metformin inhibited IL6 secretion via suppressing NFκB signaling, an upstream controller of stromal inflammation. Collectively, our findings introduced a novel mechanism of metformin in suppressing ovarian cancer progression through diminishing chemotherapy-induced stromal activation. Therefore, we provide an alternative therapeutic option in targeting stromal inflammation and a potential scheme of combination therapy to improve the chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1291–302. ©2018 AACR.
Inhibition of Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
Authors: Singh Krishna B. , Hahm Eun-Ryeong , Rigatti Lora H. , Normolle Daniel P. , Yuan Jian-Min , Singh Shivendra V.
Published: March 2018

We have shown previously that dietary administration of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a small molecule from edible cruciferous vegetables, significantly decreases the incidence of poorly differentiated prostate cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice without any side effects. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Myc–regulated glycolysis in prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC. Exposure of LNCaP (androgen-responsive) and 22Rv1 (castration-resistant) human prostate cancer cells to PEITC resulted in suppression of expression as well as transcriptional activity of c-Myc. Prostate cancer cell growth inhibition by PEITC was significantly attenuated by stable overexpression of c-Myc. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicated a significant positive association between Myc expression and gene expression of many glycolysis-related genes, including hexokinase II and lactate dehydrogenase A. Expression of these enzyme proteins and lactate levels were decreased upon PEITC treatment in prostate cancer cells, and these effects were significantly attenuated by ectopic expression of c-Myc. A normal prostate stromal cell line (PrSC) was resistant to lactic acid suppression by PEITC treatment. Prostate cancer chemoprevention by PEITC in TRAMP mice was associated with a significant decrease in plasma lactate and pyruvate levels. However, a 1-week intervention with 10 mg PEITC (orally, 4 times/day) was not sufficient to decrease lactate levels in the serum of human subjects. These results indicated that although prostate cancer prevention by PEITC in TRAMP mice was associated with suppression of glycolysis, longer than 1-week intervention might be necessary to observe such an effect in human subjects. Cancer Prev Res; 11(6); 337–46. ©2018 AACR.
Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXVI. Multimorphic Sex Chromosomes and an Enigmatic Sex Determination in Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae)
Authors: Schmid Michael , Steinlein Claus
Published: March 2018

A detailed cytogenetic study on the leaf litter frog Eleutherodactylus johnstonei from 14 different Caribbean islands and the mainlands of Venezuela and Guyana revealed the existence of multimorphic XY♂/XX♀ sex chromosomes 14. Their male sex determination and development depends either on the presence of 2 telocentric chromosomes 14 (XtYt), or on 1 submetacentric chromosome 14 (Xsm) plus 1 telocentric chromosome 14 (Yt), or on the presence of 2 submetacentric chromosomes 14 (XsmYsm). The female sex determination and development requires either the presence of 2 telocentric chromosomes 14 (XtXt) or 2 submetacentric chromosomes 14 (XsmXsm). In all individuals analyzed, the sex chromosomes 14 carry a prominent nucleolus organizer region in their long arms. An explanation is given for the origin of the (XtYt)♂, (XsmYt)♂, (XsmYsm)♂, (XtXt)♀, and (XsmXsm)♀ in the different populations of E. johnstonei. Furthermore, the present study gives detailed data on the chromosome banding patterns, in situ hybridization experiments, and the genome size of E. johnstonei.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ САРКОЇДОЗУ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬСКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Melnyk L. P. , Rudyk V. D. , Romayiv T. V. , Madych S. V. , Hrinchenko L. A. , Pelekhat N. B.
Published: March 2018

Мета: оцінити захворюваність та поширеність саркоїдозу в Тернопільській області та вивчити гендерні, вікові особливості пацієнтів.Матеріали і методи. Опрацьовано 341 карту амбулаторного хворого на саркоїдоз, всі вони перебували на диспансерному спостереженні в Тернопільському обласному протитуберкульозному диспансері протягом 1985–2017рр.Результати. Поширеність саркоїдозу в Тернопільській області становить 32,3 на 100 тис. населення, цей показник для міського населення в 3 рази вище, ніж для сільських жителів. Захворюваність на саркоїдоз в області за 10 років (2005–2015 рр.) зросла майже в 4 рази, а в 2016 р. становила 4,0 на 100 тис. населення, що в 1,5 раза перевищує максимальний показник по Україні.Висновки. Поширеність та захворюваність на саркоїдоз у Тернопільській області перевищують максимальні по Україні у 4 та 1,5 раза відповідно. Саркоїдоз частіше виявляють у жителів міст, особливо І стадії, що, імовірно, пов’язано із кращим доступом населення до спеціалізованих медичних закладів, у той час як у мешканців області виявляють більш складні для діагностики ІІ та ІV стадій.
ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ ТА КЛIНIЧНІ АСПЕКТИ НАСЛІДКІВ ЧЕРЕПНО-МОЗКОВОЇ ТРАВМИ
Authors: Chernenko I. I. , Сhukhno I. A.
Published: March 2018

Мета: провести дослідження поширеності черепно-мозкової травми та її основних наслідків на основі вивчення літературних джерел, їх впливу на якість життя хворих, соціальну значимість цих наслідків з урахуванням розповсюдженості патології.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні використовували бібліосемантичний та аналітичний методи, метод наукового абстрагування. Були досліджені статистичні дані та наукові публікації щодо розповсюдженості та наслідків черепно-мозкових травм, їх віддалених наслідків та особливостей реабілітації.    Результати. Проведений аналіз розповсюдженості черепно-мозкових травм, їх віддалених наслідків дозволяють констатувати зростання значимості цієї проблеми на сучасному етапі розвитку держави, а їх вплив на якість життя хворих, складнощі в їх подальшій соціальній адаптації щодо зростання медико-соціальної значимості цієї проблеми.      Висновки. Внаслідок зростання кількості військових конфліктів у світі та розвиток військових технологій спостерігається тенденція до зростання кількості черепно-мозкових травм. Удосконалення підходів до лікування цих травм дозволило збільшити рівень виживання хворих, проте, внаслідок цього, зросла і медико-соціальна значимість удосконалення системи лікування віддалених їх наслідків, що внаслідок значного рівня неврологічних, когнітивних та адаптаційних порушень, мають значний негативний вплив на якість життя хворих та їх оточення, викликаючи негативні соціальні наслідки для суспільства в цілому.
ХВОРОБИ СИСТЕМИ КРОВООБІГУ У ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ: ВПЛИВ НА ПРИДАТНІСТЬ ДО ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ СЛУЖБИ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ
Authors: Tkachuk I. M.
Published: March 2018

Стаття присвячена дослідженню впливу хвороб системи кровообігу на придатність військовослужбовців до військової служби на сучасному етапі.Мета: провести комплексний аналіз показників втрати професійної працездатності військовослужбовців Збройних сил України з приводу хвороб системи кровообігу на основі звітної документації Центральної військово-лікарської комісії (форма 4 МЕД) за 2012–2016 рр.Матеріали і методи: у дослідженні застосовано бібліографічний, статистичний методи аналізу.Результати. Протягом 2012–2016 рр. у структурі непридатності до військової служби військовослужбовців Збройних сил України хвороби системи кровообігу посіли чільне місце ((18,9±0,4) %): перше рейтингове місце в структурі непридатності в 2012–2013 рр., в 2014–2015 рр. – третє місце, а в 2016 р. – зайняли другу рейтингову сходинку. На частку артеріальної гіпертензії припав найбільший відсоток серед хвороб системи кровообігу: у структурі причин непридатності ((41,2±0,9) %).Висновки. Хвороби системи кровообігу – одна з найважливіших причин втрати професійної працездатності військовослужбовців, що обґрунтовує необхідність удосконалення медико-організаційних заходів, спрямованих на профілактику та попередження їх прогресування.
«ВІК ПАЦІЄНТОК ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ФАКТОРІВ РИЗИКУ НЕВДАЛИХ СПРОБ у ЦИКЛАХ ЕКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОГО ЗАПЛІДНЕННЯ» (АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Khmil S. V. , Korda I. V. , Mykula R. P. , Khmil M. S.
Published: March 2018

Мета: проаналізувати джерела наукової літератури щодо впливу віку пацієнтки на результати запліднення in vitro.Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні застосовано бібліосемантичний метод – проаналізовано 35 джерел наукової літератури.Результати. В основі позитивного результату програм допоміжних репродуктивних технологій лежить своєчасна діагностика безпліддя подружньої пари, а також застосування правильної тактики лікування. Алгоритм лікування пацієнток старшого репродуктивного віку потребує комплексного підходу, оскільки дуже часто причиною безпліддя є низка взаємопов’язаних факторів на рівні функціонування окремих систем організму, також пацієнтки даної групи мають підвищений ризик розвитку анеуплоїдних ембріонів та переривань вагітності на ранніх термінах.Висновки. Отримані в ході досліджень результати можуть бути враховані при виборі тактики лікування пацієнток старшого репродуктивного віку для отримання позитивних результатів у програмах допоміжних репродуктивних технологій.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling
Authors: Forrester Steven J. , Kikuchi Daniel S. , Hernandes Marina S. , Xu Qian , Griendling Kathy K.
Published: March 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that typically produce ROS are associated with metabolic regulation, and diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction may be influenced by changes in redox balance. In this review, we summarize the current literature surrounding ROS and their role in metabolic and inflammatory regulation, focusing on ROS signal transduction and its relationship to disease progression. In particular, we examine ROS production in compartments such as the cytoplasm, mitochondria, peroxisome, and endoplasmic reticulum and discuss how ROS influence metabolic processes such as proteasome function, autophagy, and general inflammatory signaling. We also summarize and highlight the role of ROS in the regulation metabolic/inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. In order to develop therapies that target oxidative signaling, it is vital to understand the balance ROS signaling plays in both physiology and pathophysiology, and how manipulation of this balance and the identity of the ROS may influence cellular and tissue homeostasis. An increased understanding of specific sources of ROS production and an appreciation for how ROS influence cellular metabolism may help guide us in the effort to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Involvement of B Cells, Immunoglobulins, and Syk in the Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Furusho Aya , Aoki Hiroki , Ohno‐Urabe Satoko , Nishihara Michihide , Hirakata Saki , Nishida Norifumi , Ito Sohei , Hayashi Makiko , Imaizumi Tsutomu , Hiromatsu Shinichi , Akashi Hidetoshi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: March 2018

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (
AAA
) is a potentially life‐threatening disease that is common in older individuals. Currently, therapeutic options are limited to surgical interventions. Although it has long been known that
AAA
tissue is enriched in B cells and immunoglobulins, their involvement in
AAA
pathogenesis remains controversial.

Methods and Results

We investigated the role of B cells and immunoglobulins in a murine model of
AAA
, induced with a periaortic application of CaCl
2
, and in human
AAA
. Both human and mouse
AAA
tissue showed B‐cell infiltration. Mouse
AAA
tissue showed deposition of IgG and activation of Syk, a key molecule in B‐cell activation and immunoglobulin function, which were localized to infiltrating cells including B cells and macrophages. B‐cell–deficient mu
MT
mice showed suppression of
AAA
development that was associated with reduced activation of Syk and less expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Administration of exogenous immunoglobulins restored the blunted Syk activation and
AAA
development in mu
MT
mice. Additionally, exogenous immunoglobulins induced interleukin‐6 and metalloproteinase‐9 secretions in human
AAA
tissue cultures. Furthermore, administration of R788, a specific Syk inhibitor, suppressed
AAA
expansion, reduced inflammatory response, and reduced immunoglobulin deposition in
AAA
tissue.

Conclusions

From these results, we concluded that B cells and immunoglobulins participated in
AAA
pathogenesis by promoting inflammatory and tissue‐destructive activities. Finally, we identified Syk as a potential therapeutic target.
Do Financing Constraints Impact Outward Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence from India
Authors: Sasidharan Subash , Padmaja M.
Published: March 2018

This study examines the role of financing constraints in explaining outward foreign direct investment (FDI) using unique firm-level panel data on Indian manufacturing during the period 2007–2014. We consider the role of both internal and external finance, and employ instrumental variable probit and Tobit models to examine financing constraints in outward FDI decisions and intensity. We find that internal finance impacts the likelihood of outward FDI. Further, using count data models, we examine financing constraints in determining strategies regarding a firm's number of affiliates abroad. Our findings reveal that firms with greater cash flows and liquidity are likely to have more foreign affiliates.
MJO Prediction Skill of the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction Models
Authors: Lim Yuna , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Daehyun
Published: March 2018

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability, provides a major source of tropical and extratropical predictability on a subseasonal time scale. This study conducts a quantitative evaluation of the MJO prediction skill in state-of-the-art operational models, participating in the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction project. The relationship of MJO prediction skill with model biases in the mean moisture fields and in the longwave cloud–radiation feedbacks is also investigated.

The S2S models exhibit MJO prediction skill out to a range of 12 to 36 days. The MJO prediction skills in the S2S models are affected by both the MJO amplitude and phase errors, with the latter becoming more important at longer forecast lead times. Consistent with previous studies, MJO events with stronger initial MJO amplitude are typically better predicted. It is found that the sensitivity to the initial MJO phase varies notably from model to model.

In most models, a notable dry bias develops within a few days of forecast lead time in the deep tropics, especially across the Maritime Continent. The dry bias weakens the horizontal moisture gradient over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, likely dampening the organization and propagation of the MJO. Most S2S models also underestimate the longwave cloud–radiation feedbacks in the tropics, which may affect the maintenance of the MJO convective envelope. The models with smaller bias in the mean horizontal moisture gradient and the longwave cloud–radiation feedbacks show higher MJO prediction skills, suggesting that improving those biases would enhance MJO prediction skill of the operational models.
The Tropospheric Pathway of the ENSO–North Atlantic Teleconnection
Authors: Jiménez-Esteve Bernat , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: March 2018

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts an influence on the North Atlantic–European (NAE) region. However, this teleconnection is nonlinear and nonstationary owing to the superposition and interaction of a multitude of influences on this region. The stratosphere is one of the major players in terms of the influence of the ENSO signal on this sector. Nevertheless, there are tropospheric dynamical links between the North Pacific and the North Atlantic that are clearly influenced by ENSO. This tropospheric pathway of ENSO to the NAE has received less attention. In view of this, the present study revisits the tropospheric pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic using ECMWF reanalysis products. Anomalous propagation of transient and quasi-stationary waves across North America is analyzed with respect to their sensitivity to ENSO. Transient (quasi-stationary zonal waves 1–3) wave activity flux (WAF) from the Pacific to the Atlantic increases during El Niño (La Niña) conditions leading to a negative (positive) phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This response is observed from January to March for El Niño and only visible during February for La Niña events. However, the stratosphere strongly modulates this response. For El Niño (La Niña) conditions a weaker (stronger) stratospheric vortex tends to reinforce the negative (positive) NAO with the stratosphere and troposphere working in tandem, contributing to a stronger and more persistent tropospheric circulation response. These findings may have consequences for the prediction of the NAO during times with an inactive stratosphere.
Scents and Sensibility: Olfaction, Sense-Making, and Meaning Attribution
Authors: Cerulo Karen A.
Published: March 2018

How are smells invested with meaning and how do those meanings structure interactions and group relations? I use cultural theories of meaning-making to explore these questions, situating my inquiry in the world of commercially marketed perfumes. Using blind smell tests in focus groups, I examine how individuals make sense of certain fragrances absent direction from manufacturers or marketing materials. I find that most participants can correctly decode perfume manufacturers’ intended message, target users, and usage sites. I unpack the role of culture in these initial classifications of smells, and later, in how participants apply those evaluations to reify social boundaries and reproduce social relations—especially with reference to race and class. I also identify two cognitive mechanisms—embodied simulation and iterative reprocessing—illustrating how these mechanisms facilitate a dynamic interaction between practical and discursive modes of consciousness in deciphering smells. Finally, I elaborate the role of sociocultural location in olfactory meaning-making. People in all locations may be familiar with public olfactory codes, but social position influences how participants think about, interpret, and apply those codes in meaning-making.
The Structure of Deference: Modeling Occupational Status Using Affect Control Theory
Authors: Freeland Robert E. , Hoey Jesse
Published: March 2018

Current theories of occupational status conceptualize it as either a function of cultural esteem or the symbolic aspect of the class structure. Based on Weber’s definition of status as rooted in either cultural or class conditions, we argue that a consistent operationalization of occupational status must account for both of these dimensions. Using quantitative measures of cultural sentiments for occupational identities, we use affect control theory to model the network deference relations across occupations. We calculate a measure of the extent to which one occupational actor deferring to another is incongruent with cultural expectations for all possible combinations of 304 occupational titles. Because high-status actors are less likely to defer to low-status actors, the degree to which these events violate cultural expectations provides an indicator of the relative status position of different occupations. We assess the construct validity of our new deference score measure using Harris Poll data. Deference scores are more predictive of status rankings from poll data than are occupational prestige scores. We establish criterion validity using five theoretically relevant workplace outcomes: subjective work attachment, job satisfaction, general happiness, the importance of meaningful work, and perceived respect at work.
Violent offending in schizophrenia spectrum disorders preceding and following diagnosis
Authors: Hachtel Henning , Harries Cieran , Luebbers Stefan , Ogloff James RP
Published: March 2018

Objective:

People affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders are at a higher risk of offending violently. This study aims to investigate risk factors in relation to the peri-diagnostic period and possible predictors of post-diagnostic violence of people diagnosed for the first time in the public mental health system.

Methods:

The study compared various risk factors for post-diagnostic violence in patients ( n = 1453) diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Patients were grouped according to the occurrence of peri-diagnostic violence. Of the 246 violent offenders, 164 committed their first offence pre-diagnosis. Mental health and criminological variables were evaluated across the lifespan (median age at end of follow-up = 34.22 years, range = 17.02–55.80 years).

Results:

Gender, employment, non-violent offending, family incidents, violent and non-violent victimisation, substance use, personality disorder, number of in-patient admissions and history of non-compliance differed significantly across violent and non-violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01 and at least small effect size). More frequent and longer inpatient admissions were found in the violent subgroups (all p ⩽ 0.01). For the whole sample, sex, number of violent offences, non-violent offences, violent victimisation, substance use and number of inpatient admissions predicted post-diagnostic violence (χ2 (6) = 188.13, p < 0.001). Among patients with a history of pre-diagnostic violence, a history of non-violent offending in the 18-month period pre-diagnosis was the strongest predictor of future violence (odds ratio = 3.08, 95% confidence interval [1.32, 7.21]).

Conclusion:

At triage, violence risk assessment should consider the presence of antisocial behaviour and violent victimisation, substance use, male gender and frequency of inpatient admissions. Common treatment targets for the prevention of post-diagnostic violence include criminality and victimisation. Treatment of positive symptoms should be of greater emphasis for individuals without a history of pre-diagnostic violence.
The Problem of Comforting the Grieving in the Funeral Sermon
Authors: Masarik Albín
Published: March 2018

The author of this article presents the following observation: despite widespread agreement that the funeral sermon should comfort the grieving, research among the bereaved in the Slovak Republic does not indicate that they perceive the funeral sermon as a factor helpful to them in the period following the funeral. The study comes to a negative answer of whether this was a denominationally-conditioned observation, through a comparison of results from other church environments. After revealing the tension between an identified goal of bringing comfort and its non-achievement (according to the reactions of the bereaved), it is believed that occasion-specific homiletic research is necessary, with a focus on the following questions: Does the concept of comforting the grieving in the funeral sermon belong to the theologically legitimate tasks of the proclamation of God’s Word at the funeral? Should this be answered in the affirmative on the basis of a biblical-theological approach, research of the following areas will also be necessary: How one may delineate the factors which support or block the comforting of the bereaved in the funeral sermon, so that conditions may be created for a purposeful use of tools in order to effectively fulfil this task.
Human Flourishing, Joy, and the Prospect of Radical Life Extension
Authors: Lorrimar Victoria
Published: March 2018

The prospect of human enhancement through the use of genetic engineering, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology is generating increasing interest in academic and commercial circles. Responses to human enhancement technology are derived from, and therefore may illuminate, underlying notions of what human flourishing ought to look like. Miroslav Volf’s anatomy of joy is used to compare representative understandings of the good life from transhumanist and secular humanist perspectives as they correspond to attitudes concerning human enhancement, particularly the question of radical life extension. The argument is advanced that a joyful Christian vision of the good life, which answers both the secular humanist respect for creaturely finitude and the transhumanist hope for glorious transformation, possesses strong normative potential for academic teaching and discourse as we contemplate the future of human being.
Automotive factory ‘Crvena Zastava’: Yugoslav self-management socialism and challenges for national automobile industry
Authors: Stankovic Milan J
Published: March 2018

In 1955 the Automotive Factory ‘Crvena Zastava’ (Red Flag factory) began to manufacture automobiles based on the FIAT license and became a driving force of the communist Yugoslavia transformation from an agrarian into industrialised, urban and motorised country. This paper explores Zastava’s experience of building and developing the Yugoslav automobile industry in the context of the Yugoslav self-management system from the 1950s to the 1980s. The article aims at showing that the concept of self-management was sensible in light of the multinational Yugoslavia break from the Soviet bloc, but that the net effect of its implementation proved problematic for the national automobile industry . Additionally, Zastava leadership attempts to achieve a larger industrial scale and financial autonomy clashed with the Yugoslavia trend towards decentralisation as much as the communist leadership’s fear of an alternative centre of power.
Preliminary Validation of a Free-to-Use, Brief Assessment of Adult Intelligence for Research Purposes: The Matrix Matching Test
Authors: Pluck Graham
Published: March 2018

The concept of intelligence as a measurable trait of intellectual function continues to be an important issue in psychology. Traditionally, a core field of differential psychology and widely employed in applied settings, it is also important in various research fields. Here, I describe development of a new assessment of general intelligence of adults that has no language component and can be administered in about 10 minutes. A total sample of 176 adult participants, from various settings, was assessed with a set of matrix tasks that involved either visuospatial (fluid) or semantic (crystallized) reasoning. The internal consistency was acceptable (α = .748), and there was good four-week test–retest reliability ( r = .931). Concurrent validity was demonstrated by a high correlation between the new test and the (seven-subtest version) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) scores ( r = .889). A principal component analysis also suggested that the new test measures the same latent construct as the WAIS-IV—thought to be general intelligence. Predictive validity was shown in a subsample of 60 undergraduates by a medium-sized correlation between test scores and grade point average data ( r = .396). These preliminary results suggest that the Matrix Matching Test may be a useful research tool.
Value and virtue in the sharing economy
Authors: Arvidsson Adam
Published: March 2018

Critical accounts suggest that the ‘sharing economy’ is mainly an ideological entity, bringing together a wide range of diverse empirical phenomena that have little in common, apart from their common adherence to an ideology of ‘sharing’. This article suggests that the sharing economy can be empirically understood as instances of peer production attempting to ‘come to market’ via the use of a common ‘sharing fiction’. Analysing the origins and present functions of this fiction, the author suggests that we can conceptualize differentials in economic power within the sharing economy in terms of the work that goes into the reproduction of this sharing fiction and the ability to capitalize on it in terms of price differentials.
Into the crisis: Fab Labs – a European story
Authors: Ramella Francesco , Manzo Cecilia
Published: March 2018

Fab Labs are small workshops, open to the public, that offer tools and services for digital manufacturing, thus promoting social and economic innovation. On this basis, these workshops can be considered as ‘local collective goods’: created as part of the sharing economy, Fab Labs are able to generate external, tangible and intangible economies, useful for development. The aim of this article is to explore Fab Labs and their diffusion in Europe, with particular reference to the French and Italian situation. France and Italy are, indeed, particularly interesting cases, because whilst the official indicators describe their economies as not especially innovative, they also show a surprising development of the Fab Labs.
Sharing Culture: On definitions, values, and emergence
Authors: Katrini Eleni
Published: March 2018

Sharing practices have increased over the last decade as a byproduct of the economic recession and the wider use of online services, creating the hype of ‘Sharing Economy’. However, sharing economy as defined today includes contradictory cases of renting, sharing, commoning, collaboration, solidarity, and typical businesses. This article focuses on cases that outline sharing as an act that facilitates a transition of urban communities towards places that are socially interactive and resourceful. Those practices are defined as ‘Sharing Culture’. Sharing culture relates to social networks that grow informally within a region and have as their goal to co-produce, manage and share resources, time, services, knowledge, information, and support based on solidarity rather than economic profit. Ultimately, sharing culture creates an alternative pathway for citizens to serve daily needs in a more sustainable, resourceful, and socially engaging manner by investing in regional and local assets. Because sharing culture is tightly related to the everyday and the local, the social construct of a region as well as the physical design influence how and where it emerges. Through a theoretical review of sharing practices and empirical data from a short selection of sharing culture cases, this article explores what sharing culture is, how it emerges, and highlights the importance of physical space in the process of diffusion within an area. The goal of this article is twofold: first, to provide a new theoretical framework, that of the sharing culture, which enriches the current debate on sharing and collaborative practices and distances itself from economic transactions of sharing economy, while focusing on human needs and characteristics of solidarity. Second, the article intends to reveal the lack of systematic research on how these practices are influenced by physical space.
Sharing our way into the future
Authors: Arcidiacono Davide , Gandini Alessandro , Pais Ivana
Published: March 2018

This brief, conclusive essay outlines the challenges that lie ahead of sociology as a discipline in its approach towards the ‘sharing economy’ and its emergent practices. Using the research displayed in the monograph, we offer a set of reflections that should read as a call to arms for sociological research to embrace the ‘sharing turn’ in a comprehensive manner.