bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical model of detector for in vivo internal dosimetry in radiological incidents
Authors: Ośko Jakub , Tymińska Katarzyna
Published: April 2013

The aim of this work was to create a numerical model of scintillation detector and to check whether such detector can be used for the measurements of internal contamination in emergency conditions. The purpose of the measurements would be only detection of possible contamination, without identification of radioactive isotopes, and hence without estimation of effective dose. However, in emergency conditions, it is sufficient for the rapid selection of a group of contaminated persons, who should be subjected to careful inspection in the laboratory conditions. The calculations were performed for three detector positions relatively to the phantom. The distribution of dose rate was also calculated, in order to find the best geometry for dose rate measurements around human body. Another problem under consideration was the possible influence of radioactive contamination in the environment on the registration of the gamma spectrum emitted from the whole body phantom. Performed calculations showed that there is a possibility to measure internal contamination outside laboratory, even in contaminated area.
The Revision of Historical and Current Distribution of Hordeum Geniculatum All. (Poaceae) In Slovakia
Authors: Daniel Dítě , Pavol Eliáš , Vít Grulich
Published: April 2013

Historical and current occurrence of halophytic-ruderal species Hordeum geniculatum was studied in Slovakia during 2003 - 2010. The species occurred only in the Podunajská nížina Lowland, where 16 sites were found in total including historical and recent locations. Recently, the number of sites decreased markedly and we confirmed only four localities. Due to the sharp decrease in the number of sites and proper habitats, Hordeumgeniculatum is re-evaluated as endangered (EN) plant of Slovak flora.
Nutritional Factors in Central Metabolic Regulation
Authors: Sīpols Alfrēds Jānis
Published: April 2013

The control of metabolism by direct negative feedback of macronutrients detected centrally has
been until recently an attractive, though unconfirmed, hypothesis in the homeostatic model of energy
regulation. Research advances in the last decade have greatly expanded our knowledge of
how circulating carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, reflecting amounts of recently ingested macronutrients,
are detected in hypothalamic areas to not only regulate food intake, but also direct
metabolic processes responsible for energy balance and anabolic pathways. For example,
plasma glucose sensed centrally is a major regulator of hepatic glucose production, a process
most likely mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels. More surprising, circulating lipids detected
by hypothalamic structures also act as potent negative feedback regulators of glucose mobilization
in the liver, independent of their peripheral detection in the intestines. Finally, central
detection of circulating postprandial leucine levels has been shown to decrease abdominal fat
mass mobilization and thermogenesis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that recognition
of macronutrients directly by hypothalamic receptors plays a pivotal role in central regulation
of metabolic processes. Moreover, the elucidated mechanisms suggest promising potential
sites for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of obesity, already at epidemic proportions,
although our modern environment is clearly the major cause.
Diet And Breast Cancer: Experiences From The Malmö Diet Cancer Cohort
Authors: Wirfält Elisabet
Published: April 2013

The Malmö Diet Cancer (MDC) group is a population-based cohort (n = 28 098) among Malmö inhabitants,
aged 45-73 years at the time of baseline examinations in 1991-1996. Data collection
regarding socio-demography, anthropometry and lifestyle was extensive, and included nonfasting
blood samples. A high validity diet history was used to determine the usual diet. Information
regarding cancer morbidity and mortality from the Swedish Cancer Registry is assessed
yearly. Findings support the accepted hypotheses that a lifetime overexposure to sex hormones
(modern reproductive patterns) and obesity promote postmenopausal breast cancer. Also,
women with high intakes (compared to low intakes) of fibre, folic acid and fermented milk products
have lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. High intakes of alcohol and energyadjusted
fat are associated with increased risk. Also, high intakes of dried soup-sauce-powders
and of fried potatoes are associated with increased breast cancer risk. The MDC has two unique
assets: the high validity dietary data and the well maintained bio bank. Since a multitude and diverse
processes likely contribute to chronic disease the active use of biomarkers has become increasingly
important to nutrition epidemiology. Clear information about the diet-breast cancer link
is important to many women, because unlike reproductive factors diet is changeable throughout
the lifecycle.
Ethical-Values Pedagogical Model
Authors: Holland Charlotte , Mulcahy Carmel , Besong Frida , Judge Miriam
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a pedagogical model that emerged during the design of an online Masters programme developed with the support of funding from the Erasmus multilateral programme. The authors are experienced in both the development and implementation of online learning, particularly values-based learning approaches in higher education, and are deeply committed to building alternate theoretical models that stimulate thinking about values-based learning within an online context. This pedagogical model thus represents an alternative theoretical resource for thinking about the role of ethical-values in learning. Garrison, Anderson and Archer’s (2000) Community of Inquiry Framework has been re-conceptualised and a new pedagogical model, titled the “Ethical-values Pedagogical Model”, has emerged. This model posits that a positive ethical-values presence is critical to sustaining teaching, social and cognitive presences and thus the lynchpin for the enablement of appropriate and meaningful cognitive experiences. The ethical-values bases of learners and educators effectively filter the way in which the cognitive experience is created and the manner in which the individual learner makes sense and/or constructs meaning within the learning environment. As such, the ethical-values bases of participants impact significantly on the teaching, social and cognitive presences within the learning environment. The presence of ethical-values that foster authentic, democratic and transformative learning experiences for the individual learner, communities of learners and educators is critical to the success of this Ethical-values Pedagogical Model.
Diversity of soil mite communities (Acari) within habitats seasonally flooded by the Vistula River (Ostromecko, Poland)
Authors: Kaczmarek Sławomir , Marquardt Tomasz , Faleńczyk-Koziróg Katarzyna , Marcysiak Katarzyna
Published: April 2013

The research was carried out in three types of habitats located in the seasonally flooded area of the Vistula River within Wielka Kępa Ostromecka Reserve: Salicetum albo-fragilis, Fraxino-Alnetum and Populetum albae. In the soil of Salicetum albo-fragilis Veigaia nemorensis and Trichouropoda ovalis were abundant, while Fraxino-Alnetum was dominated by Rhodacarellus silesiacus, and Populetum albae was overwhelmed by Rhodacarellus silesiacus and Dinychus inermis. Only between the Mesostigmata communities populating Fraxino-Alnetum and Populetum albae there were no statistically significant differences recorded in the distribution of abundance. The most similar, from the qualitative, quantitative and qualitative-quantitative point of view were Mesostigmata communities inhabiting Fraxino- Alnetum and Populetum albae. The numerous occurrence of Rhodacarellus silesiacus population in the soil of Fraxino-Alnetum and Populetum albae is most probably the result of succession changes within those habitats, and the species itself can be seen as an indicator of those habitats undergoing the process of a riparian forest transforming into an oak-hornbeam forest vegetation type.
Small-mammal assemblages inhabiting Sphagnum peat bogs in various regions of Poland
Authors: Ciechanowski Mateusz , Cichocki Jan , Ważna Agnieszka , Piłacińska Barbara
Published: April 2013

We studied species composition of assemblages of small mammals (rodents and shrews) inhabiting Polish 25 ombrotrophic mires and quaking bogs in several regions in order to reveal characteristic features of their quantitative structure and compare them between regions, internal zones of the bog habitats, and different levels of anthropogenic degradation. We reviewed also all published results of small-mammal trapping in such habitats. Mammals were captured in pitfalls, snap traps and live traps on 12 bogs of the Pomerania region, 4 bogs of the Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin (Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska), 3 bogs in the Świętokrzyskie Mts, and 6 bogs in Wielkopolska and the Lubusz Land. Additionally, we included materials collected from Barber traps (pitfalls) used during studies of epigeic invertebrates on 4 bogs. In total, 598 individuals of 12 species were collected. The number of pitfall captures per 100 trapnights was very low (7.0-7.8), suggesting low population density. Shrews predominated among mammals captured in pitfalls, and the assemblage structure appeared to be similar to impoverished forest fauna, slightly enriched with ubiquitous species from meadows and agroecosystems, with a very small percentage of typical wetland species (Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Microtus oeconomus). Rodents (mostly Myodes glareolus) predominated only in samples obtained by live and snap traps. Pygmy shrew Sorex minutus was the most numerous species at most sites, sometimes being the only small mammal in that habitat, especially in well-preserved, treeless parts of bogs, dominated by Sphagnum peatmoss. The dominance and high constancy of S. minutus appear to be a characteristic feature of small-mammal assemblages inhabiting ombrotrophic mires, at least in some regions of Central and Western Europe. Enrichment of the fauna with other species might be related to either improved trophic conditions (by contact with mineralized ground waters) or habitat degradation (by peat mining, drainage, and subsequent secondary succession).
Visitor awareness of brown bear (Ursus arctos) human-food conditioning in Bieszczady and Tatra National Parks (Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Spalona Anna
Published: April 2013

This paper investigates the awareness of visitors to Bieszczady National Park (BNP) and Tatra National Park (TNP) of human influence on brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758), i.e. what causes human-habituated bears to become food-conditioned. In the parks studied, 928 questionnaires were collected in July and August 2007. The survey was supplemented with data on the amount of garbage collected in both parks by municipal services in 2007. Respondents in BPN displayed significantly greater knowledge about the causes of human-food conditioning of bears than respondents in TNP (64.2% and 52.7%, respectively, had more than the average of 3.54 correct answers per 5 questions in the questionnaire). As many as 60.1% of visitors in both parks incorrectly associated human-food conditioning with a lack of natural food and 34.4% withan excessive number of bears. Most respondents did not realise that to prevent human-bear conflict, decisive actions must be taken towards every food conditioned bear observed in the free-living population. Unlike in BNP, in TNP there is a large amount of rubbish left by visitors along trails. In 2007, municipal services collected in both parks a similar amount of garbageper 1000 visitors (0.39 m3 and 0.37 m3 in BNP and TNP, respectively) but the annual number of visitors is nearly 8‑fold lower inBNP than in TNP. In BNP, only visitors put rubbish in containers, while in TNP, additional 6 cleaning companies are employed to collect rubbish thrown by visitors along trails. In contrast to TNP, however, in BNP there are no bear-proof containers. Both parks need to prevent the access of bears to rubbish. It is also advisable to initiate an effective information campaign among visitors about prevention of human-food conditioning of bears.
Vertiginous Pull of Negative Rhetoric: The American “No! In Thunder”
Authors: Semrau Janusz
Published: April 2013

The paper presents a sample historical-literary survey of a specific popular idea of the gist of ‘Americanness’ in the guise of condensed observations in broad cultural circulation. This is to provoke the question about the degree to which this kind of discourse may reflect the so-called habits of the heart (de Tocqueville [1835-1840] 1966: 264), as against how at a certain point it may explode - to borrow from Paul de Man (1979: 10) - into “vertiginous possibilities of referential aberration”.1
Between Habits of the Heart and Copulation of Clichés: Some Popular American Stories, Mores and Shibboleths
Authors: Semrau Janusz
Published: April 2013

From the very beginning, all manner of ideas, concepts and conceits have been advanced to explain America and Americans - as much to themselves as to others. The paper presents a historical- literary compilation of popular notions of ‘Americanness’ in the guise of random de Tocquevillian observations in general circulation. This is to provoke the question about the degree to which this kind of pervasive discourse may reflect the so-called habits of the heart, as against how at a certain point it may lapse into a Nabokovian copulation of clichés.
Reduplication of Consonant Graphemes in the Ormlum in The Light of Late Old English Scribal Evidence
Authors: Mokrowiecki Tomasz
Published: April 2013

As opposed to previous studies, which usually attempt to refute the traditional interpretation put on the use of double consonants in The Ormulum, and attempt to advance an alternative explanation for the abnormally frequent use of  digraphs, the current study primarily focuses on the standard view, which assumes that the scribe of MS Junius 1 applied double consonant graphemes to indicate vowel shortness. However, in this study the evidence comes not from The Ormulum but from two Late Old English MSS, as the use of double consonants to indicate vowel shortness is also occasionally attested in some earlier texts (Anderson - Britton 1997: 34, 51, 1999: 305, 317-323; Smith 2007: 107; and Laing 2008: 7-8). The major aim of this study is to show that the use of reduplicated consonant graphemes as indicators of vowel shortness is not confined exclusively to The Ormulum because this practice derives directly from Old English scribal tradition, where  sequences were used not only to represent geminate (or long) consonants, but sporadically also for marking short vowels.
On the separately open topology
Authors: Piotrowski Zbigniew , Vallin Robert W. , Wingler Eric
Published: April 2013

We consider the relationship between separately continuous functions and separately open sets, and we study the properties of the separately open topology on R2 and on Q2. We show that R2 with this topology (denoted R ⊗R) is completely and strongly Hausdorff and that Q⊗Q is normal but not a p-space. In addition, we show that each point of Q ⊗Q has an uncountable neighborhood base.
Remarks on small sets on the real line Remarks on small sets on the real line
Authors: Filipczak Małgorzata , Wagner-Bojakowska Elžbieta
Published: April 2013

We consider two kinds of small subsets of the real line: the sets of strong measure zero and the microscopic sets. There are investigated the properties of these sets. The example of a microscopic set, which is not a set of strong measure zero, is given.
Product of m-measures
Authors: Mazureková Petra , Petrovičová Jozefína , Riečan Beloslav
Published: April 2013

M-measures have been introduced as a useful tool for probability theory on IF-events. We deal with the product of M-measures, a notion which is important for the construction of a joint observable - an analogue of a random vector in the Kolmogorov theory.
A new approach to ψ-continuity
Authors: Terepeta Małgorzata
Published: April 2013

Let Tψ be a ψ-density topology for a fixed function ψ. For any topological space X with the topology τ we will consider the family C (X, ℝψ) of all continuous functions f from (X, τ) into (ℝ, Tψ). The main aim of this paper is to investigate when C (X, ℝψ) is a ring. This article is based on the results achieved by M. Knox [A characterization of rings of density continuous functions, Real Anal. Exchange 31 (2005), 165-177].
Asymptotic properties of trinomial delay differential equations
Authors: Džurina Jozef , Kotorová Renáta
Published: April 2013

New criteria for asymptotic properties of the solutions of the third order delay differential equation, by transforming this equation to its binomial canonical form are presented
On a non-homogeneous difference equation from probability theory
Authors: Guilbault Jean-Luc , Lefebvre Mario
Published: April 2013

The so-called gambler’s ruin problem in probability theory is considered for a Markov chain having transition probabilities depending on the current state. This problem leads to a non-homogeneous difference equation with non-constant coefficients for the expected duration of the game. This mathematical expectation is computed explicitly.
Uniqueness intervals and two–point boundary value problems
Authors: Gustafson Grant B.
Published: April 2013

Consider a linear nth order differential equation with continuous coefficients and continuous forcing term. The maximal uniqueness interval for a classical 2-point boundary value problem will be calculated by an algorithm that uses an auxiliary linear system of differential equations, called a Mikusinski system. This system always has higher order than n. The algorithm leads to a graphical representation of the uniqueness profile and to a new method for solving 2-point boundary value problems. The ideas are applied to construct a graphic for the conjugate function associated with the nth order linear homogeneous differential equation. Details are given about how to solve classical 2-point boundary value problems, using auxiliary Mikusinski systems and Green’s function.
On asymptotic behavior of solutions of discrete systems
Authors: Hlavičková Irena
Published: April 2013

This contribution concerns the asymptotic behavior of solutions of systems of difference equations. It reassumes paper [J. Dibl´ık: Anti-Lyapunovmethod for systems of discrete equations, Nonlinear Anal. 57 (2004), 1043-1057], where conditions are described which ensure that the graph of at least one solution of the studied system stays in a prescribed domain. Those conditions include the existence of a so called connecting function for the sets forming the given domain. The connecting function must have certain properties which enable the use of the retract method for the proof of the main result of the cited work. We show that the conditions can be made simpler, without the need to introduce the connecting function.
A note on asymptotic estimate for difference equation with several proportional delays
Authors: Kundrát Petr
Published: April 2013

The main goal of this article is to derive asymptotic estimate for solutions of difference equation with several proportional delays. Studied difference equation arises from generalized pantograph equation (with several proportional delays) via the Euler method with a constant stepsize.
Cauchy functional equation and generalized continuity
Authors: Kostyrko Pavel
Published: April 2013

There are many kinds of the generalization of continuity. T. ˇSal´at raised the question: Can everywhere discontinuous solution of Cauchy functional equation ƒ(x + y) = ƒ(x) + ƒ(y) be continuous in some generalized sense? The paper deals with this question
Density topologies on the plane between ordinary and strong
Authors: Wagner-Bojakowska Elžbieta , Wilczyński Władysław
Published: April 2013

Let C0 denote the set of all non-decreasing continuous functions f : (0, 1] →(0, 1] such that limx→0+ ƒ(x) = 0 and ƒ(x) ≤ x for x ∈(0, 1] and let A be a measurable subset of the plane. We define the notion of a density point of A with respect to ƒ. This is a starting point to introduce the mapping Dƒ defined on the family of all measurable subsets of the plane, which is so-called lower density. The mapping Dƒ leads to the topology Tƒ, analogously as for the density topology. The properties of the topologies Tƒ are considered.
A note on ρ-upper continuous functions
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław , Nowakowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2013

In the present paper, we introduce the notion of classes of ρ-upper continuous functions. We show that ρ-upper continuous functions are Lebesgue measurable and, for ρ < 1/2 , may not belong to Baire class 1. We also prove that a function with Denjoy property can be non-measurable.
Planar functions and commutative semifields
Authors: Budaghyan Lilya , Helleseth Tor
Published: April 2013

This paper gives a short survey on planar functions and commutative semifields and considers a possible extension of CCZ-equivalence which is the most general known equivalence relation of functions preserving the planar property.
On the calculation of the linear equivalence bias of jump controlled linear finite state machines
Authors: Jansen Cees J. A.
Published: April 2013

Jump controlled linear finite state machines were introduced several years ago as building blocks for stream ciphers that can efficiently be implemented in hardware and have intrinsically good side channel resistance. These constructions have found their way in concrete stream cipher designs. The bias in the distribution of linear relations of low degree in the key stream is important for the cryptographic strength of these stream ciphers. Recently, an algorithm was presented by the author to determine this bias. In this paper a new algorithm is introduced, that makes use of the properties of jump registers and has sub exponential order in the degree of the characteristic polynomial of the linear finite state machine.
Methods to solve algebraic equations in cryptanalysis
Authors: Semaev Igor , Mikuš Michal
Published: April 2013

The goal of the present paper is a survey of methods to solve equation systems common in cryptanalysis. The methods depend on the equation representation and fall into three categories: Gröbner basis algorithms, SAT-solving methods and Agreeing-Gluing algorithms.
On the use of the lattice sieve in the 3D NFS
Authors: Zajac Pavol
Published: April 2013

An adaptation of the Number Field Sieve (NFS) algorithm to solve a discrete logarithm problem in degree 6 finite fields (DLP6) requires a modified sieving procedure to find smooth elements of the three dimensional sieve space. In our successful solution [P. Zajac: Discrete Logarithms and Degree Six NumbereField Sieve: A practical Approach. VDM Verlag Dr. M¨uller, Saarbr¨ucken, 2009] we have used a modified line sieving to process a box-shaped region using a large factor base. In this contribution, we compare the results with an alternative approach based on the lattice sieving, which was used in most of the classical factorization and DLP record solutions. Results indicate that this approach does not scale to the 3D-case, making DLP6 more difficult in practice than comparable classical DLP cases.
On two-scale convergence and periodic unfolding
Authors: Franců Jan
Published: April 2013

Two-scale convergence is an important tool in homogenization theory. The contribution deals with various primary and adjoint (based on unfolding) approaches to the two-scale convergence and their pro-and-con.
Oscillatory criteria for two-dimensional system of difference equations
Authors: Opluštil Zdeněk
Published: April 2013

Some oscillation criteria are established for two-dimensional systems of first order linear difference equations.
Another proof of Hurewicz theorem
Authors: Repický Miroslav
Published: April 2013

. A Hurewicz theorem says that every coanalytic non-Gδ set C in a Polish space contains a countable set Q without isolated points such that Q̅ ∩ C = Q. We present another elementary proof of this theorem and generalize it for k-Suslin sets. As a consequence, under Martin’s Axiom, we obtain a characterization of ∑12 sets that are the unions of less than the continuum closed sets.
A note on the Kluvánek integral
Authors: Rieˇcan Beloslav , Tkaˇcik Stefan
Published: April 2013

For real valued functions, Igor Kluv´anek has introduced an integral, called Archimedean, which is equivalent to the Lebesgue integral. It is based on the summation of infinite series and it avoids measure. Modifying the definition by Kluv´anek, we introduce an integral which has some good and some bad properties and we compare it with the Lebesgue integral.
A decomposition of bounded, weakly measurable functions
Authors: Singh Khurana Surjit
Published: April 2013

Let (X,A,μ) be a complete probability space, ρ a lifting, Tρ the associated Hausdorff lifting topology on X and E a Banach space. Suppose F: (X,Tρ)-> E”σ be a bounded continuous mapping. It is proved that there is an A ∈ A such that FXA has range in a closed separable subspace of E (so FXA:X → E is strongly measurable) and for any B ∈ A with μ(B) > 0 and B ∩ A = ø, FXB cannot be weakly equivalent to a E-valued strongly measurable function. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.
Generality of Henstock-Kurzweil type integral on a compact zero-dimensional metric space
Authors: Tulone Francesco
Published: April 2013

A Henstock-Kurzweil type integral on a compact zero-dimensional metric space is investigated. It is compared with two Perron type integrals. It is also proved that it covers the Lebesgue integral.
Markov type polynomial inequality for some generalized Hermite weight
Authors: Ftorek Branislav , Marˇcokov´A Mariana
Published: April 2013

In this paper we study some weighted polynomial inequalities of Markov type in L2-norm. We use the properties of the system of generalized Hermite polynomials . The polynomials H(α)n (x) are orthogonal in ℝ = (−∞,∞) with respect to the weight function .

The classical Hermite polynomials Hn(x) present the special case for α = 0.
Deterministic models and identification of their parameters
Authors: Pink Václav
Published: April 2013

This article deals with a possibility to identify parameters of a selected growth model of two populations coupled by a predator-prey interaction from a set of observed data. It starts with a brief description of the Gause-type model and of a property (interior equilibrium stability) important from a point of view of an application. Subsequently, data for four forms of the trophic function are simulated and then, a noise was added to the simulated data such that the coefficients of variation equal to 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. For each data set, the parameters are estimated using a procedure implemented in the R-language package and the coordinates of equilibrium are computed. Then we can evaluate the effect of changing variation to the values of parameters and (un)stability of the equilibrium.
On computational complexity of construction of c -optimal linear regression models over finite experimental domains
Authors: Antoch Jaromír , Černý Michal , Hladík Milan
Published: April 2013

Recent complexity-theoretic results on finding c-optimal designs over finite experimental domain X are discussed and their implications for the analysis of existing algorithms and for the construction of new algorithms are shown. Assuming some complexity-theoretic conjectures, we show that the approximate version of c-optimality does not have an efficient parallel implementation. Further, we study the question whether for finding the c-optimal designs over finite experimental domain X there exist a strongly polynomial algorithms and show relations between considered design problem and linear programming. Finally, we point out some complexity-theoretic properties of the SAC algorithm for c-optimality.
Decomposition of multivariate statistical models
Authors: Fišerová Eva , Kubáček Lubomír
Published: April 2013

The paper is focused on decomposition of a multivariate model into a system of two simpler models. The multiresponses are considered to be in- dependent with the same covariance matrix. Tests are proposed to identify which of the two models should be used in order to obtain more efficient estimators. In a case of partly known model parameters, a tolerance domain for negligible parameters is given.
Pairwise comparisons for parallel profile models with mixed effects
Authors: Hyakutake Hiroto
Published: April 2013

There are several linear and nonlinear models for analyzing repeated measurements. The mean response for an individual depends on the regression parameters specific to that individual. One of the simple forms is the sum of vectors of fixed parameters and random effects. When the models with mixed effects for several groups are parallel, pairwise comparisons of level differences are considered. For the comparisons, approximate simultaneous confidence intervals are given.
Detection of non-affine shape outliers for matched-pair shape data
Authors: Katina Stanislav
Published: April 2013

Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is a relatively common birth defect so dis- figuring that nowadays it is almost always corrected surgically as early as possible. The postnatal surgical correction does not, however, result in a normally growing upper jaw, but instead, owing to scar tissue, one that grows abnormally. It is important to decide if a clinical treatment group is homogeneous. The example involves data from digitally processed lateral X-ray films of 48 boys who have complete unilateral CLP but no other malformation. 22 landmarks were represented by their Procrustes shape coordinates, principal components of matched- pair differences were examined, and the distribution of the 48 shape changes was studied for outliers in the affine and non-affine subspaces of the full Procrustes shape and form space. To separate outliers from inliers we use bagplots. There are no outliers apparent in the affine subspace. In the non-affine subspaces, we found no outliers in the subspace of bending patterns at large scale but four out- liers in the subspace of local changes at small scale. Almost the same outliers were found by form-space PCA. These latter are associated with possible creases of the corresponding thin-plate splines. In those cases we can use the same spline formalism to relax the outlying form to an inlier by optimal relaxation along the curve d´ecolletage that weighs bending energy against Procrustes distance and stop relaxation on the fence. These maneuvers suggest a possibly novel and interesting fusion of the Procrustes-spline toolkit with outlier detection. They also have practical implications for craniofacial management of CLP follow-up as well as suggestive implications for outlier detection in applied craniometrics and anthropometrics more generally.
Network-related problems in optimal experimental design and second order cone programming
Authors: Sagnol Guillaume
Published: April 2013

In the past few years several applications of optimal experimental designs have emerged to optimize the measurements in communication networks. The optimal design problems arising from this kind of applications share three interesting properties: (i) measurements are only available at a small number of locations of the network; (ii) each monitor can simultaneously measure several quantities, which can be modeled by “multiresponse experiments”; (iii) the observation matrices depend on the topology of the network. We give an overview of these experimental design problems and recall recent results for the computation of optimal designs by Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP). New results for the network-monitoring of a discrete time process are presented. In particular, we show that the optimal design problem for the monitoring of an AR1 process can be reduced to the standard form and we give experimental results.
On Distinguishing Attack Against the Reduced Version of the Cipher Nlsv2
Authors: Braško Michal , Boor Jaroslav
Published: April 2013

The Australian stream cipher NLSv2 [Hawkes, P.-Paddon, M.-Rose, G. G.-De Vries, M. W.: Primitive specification for NLSv2, Project eSTREAM web page, 2007, 1-25] is a 32-bit word oriented stream cipher that was quite successful in the stream ciphers competition-the project eSTREAM. The cipher achieved Phase 3 and successfully accomplished one of the main requirements for candidates in Profile 1 (software oriented proposals)-to have a better performance than AES in counter mode. However the cipher was not chosen into the final portfolio [Babbage, S.-De Canni`ere, Ch.-Canteaut, A.-Cid, C.-Gilbert, H.-Johansson, T.-Parker, M.-Preneel, B.-Rijmen, V.-Robshaw, M.: The eSTREAM Portfolio, Project eSTREAM web page, 2008], because its performance was not so perfect when comparing with other finalist. Also there is a security issue with a high correlation in the used S-Box, which some effective distinguishers exploit. In this paper, a practical demonstration of the distinguishing attack against the smaller version of the cipher is introduced. In our experiments, we have at disposal a machine with four cores (Intel® CoreTM Quad @ 2.66 GHz) and single attack lasts about 6 days. We performed successful practical experiments and our results demonstrate that the distingushing attack against the smaller version is working.
Towards Provable Security of Rijndael-Like Spn Ciphers Against Differential Attacks
Authors: Ruzhentsev Victor , Dolgov Victor
Published: April 2013

The strength of Rijndael-like ciphers to the truncated differential attack is considered. Theorems about the absence of effective truncated (byte) differential characteristics and effective truncated (byte) differentials for ciphers with sufficient number of rounds are proved.
Design of a Powertrain Based on Synchronous Electric Drives Used in Vehicles
Authors: Žák Marek , Čupera Jiří , Fajman Martin
Published: April 2013

Shrnutí

Članek pojednava o konverzi čtyřkoloveho vozidla pro volny čas se zažehovym motorem na pohon ryze elektricky. Snahou vyvoje bylo vytvořit konstrukčni řešeni bez vyznamnych zasahů do ramu vozidla. Byly zvažovany rozlične varianty instalace pohonu. Typicky způsob instalace je vyměna spalovaciho motoru za motor elektricky v původnim umistěni. Pomalu jedouci vozidla však mohou s vyhodou využivat take instalaci v rafku kola. Byly vytvořeny obě varianty. Pro zkoušeni vlastnosti obou variant byly vytvořeny zkušebni metodiky na valcovem dynamometru i v silničnim provozu. Hlavnim učelem zkoušeni bylo zejmena monitorovani elektrickych vlastnosti. Zaznamenavany byly hodnoty hnaci sily, rychlosti, vypočteneho vykonu, napěti i proudu. Důraz byl kladen i na stanoveni dojezdu z Li-Pol akumulatorů a spolehlivost systemu rekuperace.
Design Procedure for Loading Capacity Calculations for Classic Automobile Differentials
Authors: Moravec Vladimír , Folta Zdeněk , Maršálek Petr
Published: April 2013

Shrnutí

Članek se zabyva navrhem dimenzovani ozubeni pro různe typy automobilnich diferencialů a děličů momentů. V navrženem postupu jsou použity nejnovějši vypočtove postupy podle norem ISO a DIN. Do vypočtu jsou aplikovana hypoteticka spektra provozniho zatiženi, ktera jsou odvozena od vlastnich měřeni.
A comparative study of immunological methods for determination of serum antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Murdjeva Mariana A. , Ryasheva Nadezhda P. , Draganov Marian M. , Paunov Lyubomir D.
Published: April 2013

INTRODUCTION: Several immunological methods are used to determine the serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Indirect immunofl uorescence assay (IFA) with tissue slices or HEp-2 cells is the standard technique considered the gold standard for their screening. Serumfree McCoy-Plovdiv cell line may also be used as substrate for IFA. Another method for detection of total and specifi c ANA is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblot is also applied in specifi c ANA confi rmation.

The AIM of the current study was to determine and propose a justifi ed immunological approach for identifi cation of clinically signifi cant ANA by comparing the screening tests - ANA-IFA on serum-free McCoy-Plovdiv cell substrate with ELISA for total ANA, and confi rmative methods for specifi c ANA-ELISA with immunoblot.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum samples from 38 patients screened for total ANA by ELISA (Trinity Biotech, NY, USA) and IFA-ANA with МcCoy-Plovdiv cell line, were included in the study. Positive samples were confi rmed by immunoblot (Orgentec Diagnostika, Germany) and ELISA for specifi city of confi rmed ANA.

RESULTS: No significant difference (Р > 0.05) and very good agreement were found between the two screening tests. Very good agreement for specifi c antibodies against SS-A, SS-B, dsDNA, moderate for anti-Sm and anti-Sm/RNP and fair for anti-histone/nucleosomal antibodies was found between confi rmative methods. No agreement was found for anti-Scl-70 antibodies.

CONCLUSION: IFA-ANA with serum-free МcCoy-Plovdiv cell line and screening ELISA may be recommended for determination of total ANA, and immunoblot and ELISA - for confi rmation and identifi cation of specifi c ANA.
Macular thickness measurements in healthy eyes using spectral optical coherence tomography
Authors: Mitkova-Hristova Vesela T. , Konareva-Kostyaneva Marieta I.
Published: April 2013

AIM: The aim of the present study was to measure macular thickness in healthy eyes and find whether it changes with age.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 163 healthy eyes of 84 healthy volunteers. In order to measure their macular thickness the patients were examined using spectral-domain optical coherent tomography (SD-ОСТ - iVue, Optovue). They were allocated into 6 age groups.

RESULTS: The mean central macular thickness (inner circle - fovea centralis) was 248.9 ± 17.9 μm (mean ± SD), and the mean total macular thickness (an area including 9 subfields as defined by ETDRS) was 286.2 ± 13.9 μm (mean ± SD). We found that it correlated negatively with age (r = - 0.18; p = 0.03; Pearson correlation).

CONCLUSION: We found a statistically significant decrease of mean macular thickness as age increased.
Effects of double stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek
Authors: Siddiqui Zamin S.
Published: April 2013

The effects of double stress environment i.e. lead (heavy metal) and NaCl (saline) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Vigna radiata seedling were studied. The antioxidant activities of enzymes, i.e of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and their activity proportions were examined. Superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were substantially increased in a combined stress environment as compared to catalase. Further, in comparison with catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase showed increased activities together with superoxide dismutase in a combined stress environment. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase showed higher activity proportion in combined treatment. Physiological role of these enzymes in stress tolerance mechanism is discussed.
Heaths with dwarf ericaceous shrubs and Alpine juniper (Juniperus alpina) in the Dinaric Alps: A nomenclatorial and synsystematic re-appraisal
Authors: Surina Boštjan
Published: April 2013

The ecology and phytosociology of north-western Dinaric heaths of the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae Horvat ex Horvat et al. 1974 nom. corr. prop. as well as the syndynamics and synsystematics of heaths in the Dinaric Alps are discussed. While the structure (physiognomy) of these stands is very homogenous and dominated by few species, the flora is heterogeneous, since ecotonal areas, where heaths are most frequently developed, represent a contact zone of elements of different syntaxa. Due to an abrupt reduction in pasture activities strong encroachments of shrubs and trees have become common, which additionally contribute to the floristic heterogeneity of the heaths. Although the identification and circumscription together with synecology and synchorology of heaths in general are more or less easily understood and straightforward, their floristic affinities, in relation to structure homogeneity and syndynamics, are complicated, which led to the proposal of several synsystematic schemes depending on interpretation of the relationship between flora and structure of stands. Dinaric heaths are classified into three classes, Erico-Pinetea, Vaccinio-Piceetea and Festuco-Brometea and a classification scheme is proposed together with nomenclatorial revision of the analyzed heaths with dwarf ericaceous shrubs and Alpine juniper (Juniperus alpina) in the Dinaric Alps
Floodplain forest communities along the Mura River (NE Slovenia)
Authors: Košir Petra , Čarni Andraž , Marinšek Aleksander , Šilc Urban
Published: April 2013

Ecological gradients along river banks of the Mura River influence forest species composition. On the basis of 58 relevés of floodplain forests along theMura River, the classification of vegetation plots was performed with the Pc-Ord program. The diagnostic species combination for three clusters revealed after classification was calculated by fidelity measure (phi-coefficient) and presented in an analytic table. Average Ellenberg inidicator values, stream distances and relative elevations of the relevés were passively projected onto PCA to show ecological relationships among them. Correlations of plant functional type and stream distance gradients were calculated with regression analysis. For themain edifiers response curves to the stream distance gradients weremade. The classification of the Mura floodplain forests has revealed three ecologically interpretable vegetation types: Salicetum albae (most humid and nutrient-rich sites), Fraxino- -Ulmetum allietosum ursini (ecologically intermediate sites), F.-U. quercetosum robori (the driest and the least nutrient-rich sites). Zonation of vegetation is connected to distance from the closest stream which influences species distribution through ecological gradients of moisture and nutrient. The proportion of therophytes is significantly negatively correlated with the distance from the closest stream and the proportion of neophytes is significantly negatively correlated with distance from the main stream.
Terrestrial Small Mammal Communities from the Făgăraş Piedmont (Romania)
Authors: Lazăr Anamaria , Lazăr Cătălin , Benedek Ana Maria , Şuvăială Ana Maria
Published: April 2013

So far 24 species of terrestrial small mammals are known from Făgăraş Piedmont, one of them (Chionomys nivalis) requiring further confirmation, as its presence at this elevation is put under question by the authors. In 2010 and 2011 three field campaigns were carried out in Făgăraş Piedmont, which targeted the abundance and structure of terrestrial small mammal communities in different habitats from three localities, using the capture-mark-release method. 61 transects of traps were installed in 9 types of habitats. 491 small mammals were captured belonging to 14 species, three shrews and 11 rodents. The highest densities were recorded in cultures and unused land, but specific diversity is not correlated with abundance.
Agricultural Sustainability Approach Using Remote Sensing and Gis: Case Study in South El-Hussinia, North-East of Egypt
Authors: Hegazy A.S.I. , El-Nahry A.H. , Abd-Elwahed M.S.
Published: April 2013

This work aims to evaluate Sustainable Land-use Management (SLM) through bio-physics elements (productivity, security and protection) and socio-economic elements (economic viability and social acceptability). The investigated area, 27000 hectares, lies between 31O15² and 32O 00² E and latitudes 31O30² and 30O00² N. To assess SLM, geomorphology and associated soils were identified, the land degradation processes were recognized, then a Sustainable Land use Management Spatial Model (SLMSM) was built and used to assess the sustainable land use management in the study area. The area included three landscapes; fluvio-lacustrine plain, marine plain and flood plain. Four SLM classes were outlined; the relatively high decantation basins representing 62.4% of the agricultural area, the relatively low decantation basins (Class II) occupying 22.5% of the agricultural area, overflow basins (Class III) covering 9.5% of the agricultural area, and Class IV that found in clay flats, sandy remnants, overflow mantle and river terraces occupying 5.6% of the agricultural area.
Ocena Właściwości Technogenicznych Utworów Glebowych Technosols Zawierających Siarczki Żelaza / Assessment of Properties of Technogenic Soils Technosols Containing Iron Sulfides
Authors: Uzarowicz Łukasz , Maciejewska Alina
Published: April 2013

Technogenic soils (Technosols) developed from mine tailings containing iron sulfides occurring in the area of the abandoned .Siersza. hard coal mine in Trzebinia and the abandoned .Staszic. pyrite mine in Rudki were investigated in order to assess their properties. The study revealed that the most adverse properties of the technogenic soils investigated are: strong acidity (pH below 3), the presence of large amounts of rock fragments containing unweathered sulfides, as well as the occurrence of heavy metals (e.g. Pb, As, and Tl) and radioactive elements (U and Th). All these properties should be taken into account during management of the studied mine tailings.
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in an Adult Man – a Case Report
Authors: Bjekić Milan D.
Published: April 2013

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a systemic infection caused by enteroviruses. It is highly contagious, spreads by direct contact, and is commonly seen in young children. The disease is characterized by ulcerative oral lesions and a vesicular rash on palms, soles and characteristically between the fingers and toes, associated with mild systemic symptoms and signs such as fever and lymphadenopathy.

We present a 35-year-old man referred to a dermatologist with mouth lesions and skin rash. The patient had a fever, followed by a sore throat and malaise, which occurred two days before the rash. Physical examination revealed numerous superficial erosions and small vesicular lesions on the lower lip mucous membrane and on the hard palate, and also, multiple, discrete small vesicular lesions on fingers and toes. The patient was treated symptomatically and all the lesions resolved completely in a week. Adults with hand, foot and mouth disease usually experience milder symptoms than children. In conclusion: the disease should not be overlooked in middle-aged adults with a vesicular rash.
Highs and lows of the resortification of the Saint-Paul coast (Reunion Island)
Authors: Jauze Jean-Michel
Published: April 2013

Reunion has few white sand beaches. The most exploitable of them are on the Saint-Paul coast on the west of the island, which are currently in the news after a spate of shark attacks. Their development for tourism has turned Saint-Gilles, once a small fishing and farming village, into a local and international beach resort with extensive repercussions on the organization of the municipal territory in which the agricultural uplands of the hinterland occupied an important area. This article analyses the imbalances created by such development and its sustainability conditions.
The Problem and Needs of Existing Urban Multifamily Building Estates in Poland
Authors: Rybka Adam , Rybka Sławomir
Published: April 2013

The present paper explains in a descriptive way the findings and derivations, concerning the various needs, solutions and priorities which are identified in existing urban building envelopes of Poland, especially in Rzeszow housing estates.