bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implants in the pterygoid region: An updated systematic review of modern roughened surface implants
Authors: Bidra Avinash S. , Peña‐Cardelles Juan‐Francisco , Iverson Marissa
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To determine the survival rates of modern roughened surface dental implants in the pterygoid region.

Methods

This systematic review was an update from a previously published systematic review in 2011, which largely reported data on older machined surface dental implants. An electronic search for articles in the English language literature published from January 1, 2010 to December 8, 2021 was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL search engines. After applying a systematic search process in three stages, the final list of selected articles on roughened surface pterygoid implants was obtained. Data from the selected articles were collated with data from pertinent articles on roughened implant surface from the previous systematic review. The combined data were then used for calculating the interval survival rate and cumulative survival rate (CSR) of pterygoid implants.

Results

The initial electronic search resulted in 1263 titles. The systematic search process eventually resulted in 10 clinical studies reporting on modern roughened surface pterygoid implants. These 10 studies reported on a total of 911 pterygoid implants with 39 reported failures over a 6‐year period. The majority of failures (37) were reported during the first year time interval and a majority of them (30) occurred before loading of the pterygoid implants. Only two late failures were reported after loading, during the sixth‐year time interval. The majority of implants were used for rehabilitation of full‐arch fixed implant‐supported prosthesis. At the maximum follow‐up interval of 6 years, the CSR of pterygoid implants with roughened surfaces was 95.5%, which was 5% higher than reported in the previous systematic review which combined machined and roughed surface pterygoid implants.

Conclusions

The survival rate of modern roughened surface dental implants in the pterygoid region is favorable at 95.5% over a 6‐year period, and comparable to the existing evidence on survival of implants in other regions of the maxilla and mandible.
Access to capital markets and the geography of productivity leaders and laggards
Authors: Navaretti Giorgio Barba , Rosso Anna Cecilia
Published: September 2022

This paper examines whether access to the capital market of convertible and nonconvertible bonds affects total factor productivity (TFP) for the population of Italian joint stock manufacturing companies, based in highly segmented local financial markets, between 2007 and 2017. The hypothesis, well grounded in the literature, is that long‐term capital favors investment in intangibles and other risky assets necessary for productivity growth. To identify this effect, we exploit the exogenous shock of the Italian banking deregulation of the mid‐1990s as an instrument for firm‐level access to capital, interacted with distance from logistic networks. These reforms changed the distribution of the type of branches at the local level, increasing the share of joint stock banks, which have high connections to international capital markets. This geographical reallocation of banking activities ultimately affected firms' financial structure, favouring their access to capital, even when based in peripheral financial areas. Firms which issued instruments of market debt achieved higher levels of productivity and a higher probability to reach top percentiles of productivity distribution.
A novel transdermal ketoprofen formulation for analgesia in cattle
Authors: Mills Paul C. , Owens Jane G. , Reinbold James B. , McGowan Michael , Ellenbergner Claudia , Woldeyohannes Solomon , Satake Nana
Published: September 2022

Ketoprofen is registered in many countries for injectable administration in cattle. Because it is soluble in a wide range of excipients, development of a novel transdermal (TD) ketoprofen formulation was pursued to provide a convenient and pain‐free route of administration in cattle. One hundred and six excipient combinations were screened using in vitro techniques (Franz diffusion cells), with a 20%(w/v) ketoprofen formulation dissolved in a combination of 45%:45%(v/v) ethanol and isopropyl myristate (IPM) and 10%(v/v) eucalyptus oil achieving maximal penetration of ketoprofen through bovine skin. A bioavailability study was then conducted using a randomized cross‐over design (n = 12), including IV, IM (both 3 mg/kg) and TD (10 mg/kg) ketoprofen formulations administered with a one‐week washout period between administrations. The IV and IM formulation pharmacokinetic results were as expected. The CMAX, Tmax and AUC0‐Last were significantly higher (arithmetic mean ± SD) after TD administration (20.0 ± 6.5 μg/ml, 115 ± 17 min and 3940 ± 1324 μg*min/ml, respectively), compared to IM (11.0 ± 4.0 μg/ml, 74 ± 43 min and 2376 ± 738 μg*min/ml, respectively), although there were no significant differences for T½β. However, dose corrected values CMAX and AUCinf were significantly higher for IM compared to TD. The arithmetic mean bioavailability (F) of the transdermal formulation was 50%. The plasma concentration of the TD formulation at a dose of 10 mg/kg was similar to the IM formulation at 3 mg/kg by 30 min post‐dosing with an arithmetic mean ± SD of 7.97 ± 4.38 vs. 8.02 ± 3.55 μg/ml, respectively. The TD formulation was generally well tolerated by cattle, although some local irritation along the site of application was noted after 12 h of exposure during the bioavailability study. Results indicate that this novel TD formulation provides a substantial improvement in administration convenience, may improve animal welfare and end‐user safety through needle‐free administration, and achieves similar plasma pharmacokinetics to the IM product when administered at 10 mg/kg.
Does exposure to different menstrual products affect the vaginal environment?
Authors: Tessandier Nicolas , Uysal Ilkay Başak , Elie Baptiste , Selinger Christian , Bernat Claire , Boué Vanina , Grasset Sophie , Groc Soraya , Rahmoun Massilva , Reyné Bastien , Bender Noemi , Bonneau Marine , Graf Christelle , Tribout Vincent , Foulongne Vincent , Ravel Jacques , Waterboer Tim , Hirtz Christophe , Bravo Ignacio G. , Reynes Jacques , Segondy Michel , Murall Carmen Lia , Boulle Nathalie , Kamiya Tsukushi , Alizon Samuel
Published: September 2022

The vaginal ecosystem is a key component of women's health. It also represents an ideal system for ecologists to investigate the consequence of perturbations on species diversity and emerging properties between organizational levels. Here, we study how exposure to different types of menstrual products is linked to microbial, immunological, demographic, and behavioural measurements in a cohort of young adult women who reported using more often tampons (n = 107) or menstrual cups (n = 31). We first found that cup users were older and smoked less than tampon users. When analysing health indicators, we detected potential associations between cups use reporting and fungal genital infection. A multivariate analysis confirmed that in our cohort, reporting using cups over tampons was associated with the higher odds ratio to report a fungal genital infection diagnosis by a medical doctor within the last 3 months. We did not detect significant differences between groups in terms of their bacterial vaginal microbiota composition and found marginal differences in the level of expression of 20 cytokines. However, a multivariate analysis of these biological data identified some level of clustering based on the menstrual product type preferred (cups or tampons). These results suggest that exposure to different types of menstrual products could influence menstrual health. Larger studies and studies with a more powered setting are needed to assess the robustness of these associations and identify causal mechanisms.
Satellite observation to assess dengue risk due toAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictusin a subtropical city of Argentina
Authors: Martín Mía Elisa , Alonso Ana Carolina , Faraone Janinna , Stein Marina , Estallo Elizabet Lilia
Published: September 2022

Earth observation environmental features measured through remote sensing and models of vector mosquitoes speciesAedes aegyptiandAe. albopictusprovide an advancement with regards to dengue risk in urban environments of subtropical areas of Argentina. The authors aim to estimate the effect of landscape coverage and spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], Normalized Difference Water Index [NDWI] and Normalized Difference Built‐up Index [NDBI]) on the larvae abundance ofAe. aegyptiandAe. albopictusin Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina using remote satellite sensors. Larvae of these species were collected monthly (June 2016 to April 2018), in four environments: tire repair shops, cemeteries, dwellings and an urban natural park. The proportion of landscape coverage (water, urban areas, bare soil, low vegetation and high vegetation) was determined from the supervised classification of Sentinel‐2 images and spectral indices, calculated. The authors developed spatial models of both vector species by generalized linear mixed models. The model's results showed thatAe. aegyptilarvae abundance was better modelled by NDVI minimum values, NDBI maximum values and the interaction between them. ForAe. albopictusproportion of bare soil, low vegetation and the interaction between both variables explained better the abundance.
Hemifacial microsomia is linked to a rare homozygous variant V162I in FRK and validated in zebrafish
Authors: Xiong Jianjun , Wang Xi , Fan Chunxin , Yan Jizhou , Zhu Jinwen , Cai Tao
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a common birth defect involving the first and second branchial arch derivatives. Although several chromosomal abnormalities and causal gene variants have been identified, genetic etiologies in a majority of cases with HFM remain unknown. This study aimed to identify genetic mutations in affected individuals with HFM.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed for 16 affected individuals and their family members. Sanger sequencing was applied for confirmation of selected mutations. Zebrafish embryos were used for in situ hybridization of candidate gene, microinjection with antisense morpholino, and cartilage staining.

Results

A homozygous missense mutation (c.484G > A; p.V162I) in the FRK gene was identified in an 18‐year‐old girl with HFM and dental abnormalities. Heterozygous mutation of this mutation was identified in her parents, who are first cousins in a consanguineous family. FRK is highly expressed in the Meckel's cartilage during embryonic development in mouse and zebrafish. Knockdown of frk in zebrafish showed a lower length and width ratio of Meckel's cartilage, abnormal mandibular jaw joint, and disorganized ceratobranchial cartilage and bone.

Conclusions

We identified a recessive variant in the FRK gene as a novel candidate gene for a patient with HFM and mandibular hypoplasia and revealed its effects on craniofacial and embryonic development in zebrafish.
Recognizing the blurred boundary between health‐related support and control in close relationships
Authors: Burke Tricia J. , Young Valerie J. , Duggan Ashley
Published: September 2022

In this review, we analyze the blurred boundary – or conceptual convergence – between health‐related social support and social control in close relationships. We begin with a brief overview of research on social support, defined as the provision of assistance or influence to help a close other achieve a health‐related goal or cope with illness related stressors, and social control, refers to communication intended to evoke health behavior change from a relational partner. We then disentangle the conceptualization and measurement of communication as social support and as social control over the last two decades. In articulating the conceptual convergence between social support and social control, we illustrate several patterns regarding what is being researched, how research has been conducted, and who is involved in existing research, thereby shedding light on the dynamics of power and privilege in conceptual and operational assumptions regarding these constructs in the literature. In addition, we propose ways for future scholarship to reflect more diverse methods, topics, and populations.
Different inoculum of Leishmania braziliensis concentrations influence immunopathogenesis and clinical evolution in the ear dermis hamster model of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: de Paula Freire Rafaelle , Fonseca Francisco Rafael Marciano , de Castro Naya Lúcia Rodrigues , Lima Carrel Xavier Martins , Ribeiro‐Romão Raquel Peralva , Cavalcante Diane Isabelle Magno , Teixeira Clarissa Romero , Gomes Regis , Da‐Cruz Alda Maria , Teixeira Maria Jania
Published: September 2022

The golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is commonly used as a promising model for Leishmania braziliensis infection developing skin‐ulcerated lesions. However, different protocols using high concentration of parasites inoculated in the footpad result in severe clinical disease. Here, we further investigate the outcome of the site of infection and concentration of L. braziliensis parasites inoculated on the immunopathogenesis and clinical evolution. Initially, hamsters were infected in the ear dermis or hind footpad with a concentration of 1 × 105 parasites. Animals infected in the ear dermis developed a disease, with an increased parasite load that more closely resembled human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions comparing to the group infected in the footpad. Next, we evaluated if different parasite concentrations (104, 105 and 106) inoculated in the ear dermis would impact the course and clinical aspects of infection. Hamsters infected with 104 and 105 parasites developed mild lesions compared to the group infected with 106 that presented severe and persistent lesions. The parasite load varied between the different parasite concentrations. The inflammatory response was more intense when infection was initiated with 106 parasites accompanied by an increased initial expression of IL‐4, IL‐10 and arginase in the lymph node followed by expression of both pro‐and anti‐inflammatory cytokines comparing to groups infected with 104 and 105 parasites. In conclusion, the number of parasites inoculated, and the initial site of infection could influence the inflammatory response, and clinical presentation. Our results suggest that the ear dermis infection model induces a chronic disease that relates to immunopathological aspects of CL natural infection.
Relation between resilience and personality traits: The role of hopelessness and age
Authors: Nieto Marta , Visier María E. , Silvestre Inmaculada Nayara , Navarro Beatriz , Serrano Juan Pedro , Martínez‐Vizcaíno Vicente
Published: September 2022

Resilience refers to the process by which individuals use the ability to cope with challenges to successfully adapt to adverse situations, inclining towards the future and hope. The main aim of this study was to analyze the relation between resilience, personality traits, and hopelessness. Furthermore, we conducted comparisons between two age groups: young and older adults. The sample comprised 439 Spanish participants (66.7% women; M = 43.73, SD = 26.41; age range = 18–98 years). The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, NEO‐Five Factor Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to measure the main study variables. The results revealed a negative relation between resilience and neuroticism, and a positive association with the other personality traits. Additionally, levels of resilience were found to be negatively related to hopelessness. The group of older adults showed significantly lower resilience levels than the young adults, although age was not a significant predictor of resilience. Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and hopelessness were the only predictors of resilience for the current study. This work contributes to the study of resilience and related factors, by attempting to understand the role of resilience and resistance to risk and how individuals tackle challenges over time, with important implications for mental health.
Disturbed sleep and its attribution to stress and other causes: A population‐based survey
Authors: Petersen Helena , Kecklund Göran , Åkerstedt Torbjörn
Published: September 2022

This study explores the prevalence of attributed causes of disturbed sleep and the association between stress‐disturbed sleep and age, sex, and sleep duration on weekdays as well as weekends in a representative sample. A nationally representative sample (n = 1,128, response rate 72.8%), stratified for sex and age, completed a computer‐assisted phone survey that included questions about sleep disturbances and attributed causes. Stress was the main attributed cause of sleep disturbance (35.1%), most frequently attributed by younger women (χ2 = 26.5, p < 0.001). Prevalence of stress‐disturbed sleep was higher with lower age (B = −0.05, odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, CI = 0.91, 0.98). There was a trend, however, toward a significant interaction between age and sex, with women in the older age‐groups more frequently reporting stress‐disturbed sleep than older men (B = −0.02, OR = 1.022, CI = 1.003, 1.042). Weekday sleep duration decreased with increased stress‐disturbed sleep, with an inverse relationship on weekends except for those reporting stress‐disturbed sleep more than 5 days per week (F = 10.5, p < 0.001), who also had the shortest weekend sleep duration. Sleep disturbances were commonly attributed to stress, and more strongly so in women younger than 46 years. Stress‐disturbed sleep during weekdays seems to be potentially compensated for with extended sleep on weekends, except for those with continuous stress‐disturbed sleep.
Equality for all? Support for equal opportunity among professors in Europe
Authors: Bourabain Dounia , Verhaeghe Pieter‐Paul
Published: September 2022

Equal Opportunity programs (EO) continue to be at the center of the debate about promoting equality in higher education. While support for EO has been well‐studied in American higher education, this research is the first to investigate the attitudes towards and support for a range of EO policies among professors in Europe. We specifically examine faculty support for seven different EO measures used in European universities that require varying levels of involvement and commitment. From a sample of 689 professors, findings show that women professors tend to show more support for all EO programs compared to men professors. We also see differences across disciplines. Professors from the humanities and social sciences are more likely to endorse such programs than their counterparts in STEM disciplines. Moreover, the differences across disciplines and gender decrease substantially when controlling for racial and gender attitudes. Finally, soft/differential programs, which prioritize merit but take group membership into account are preferred over hard/preferential programs which prioritize achieving equality by targeting members from marginalized groups. This research is innovative for its geographical location, sample of study, and range of included measures.
Menstrual hygiene management inequalities among school girls in Badagry, Nigeria
Authors: Uwadia Ruth C. , Oloruntoba Elizabeth O. , Wada Ojima Z. , Aluko Olufemi O.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The study assessed menstrual hygiene management (MHM) inequalities among public and private in‐school adolescents in Badagry, southwest Nigeria. Also assessed was the impact of available water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities on MHM within the school premises.

Methods

For this descriptive cross‐sectional study, 420 students were selected via multi‐stage sampling and data were obtained via a validated semi‐structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Data were analysed at 95% confidence limit.

Results

The students had a mean age of 15.3 ± 1.6 years. All the private schools had functioning WASH facilities whereas only 50% of public schools did. The toilet to student ratios for the private and public schools were 1:155 and 1:296, respectively. Over two‐thirds (67.1%) of the students reportedly use sanitary napkins for MHM, followed by tissue (17.1%) and clothes (15.5%). Additionally, the private school students were two times less likely to use alternatives to sanitary napkins and 9.8 times more likely to obtain sanitary materials at school if required (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of public‐school menstruating in‐school adolescents changed their sanitary towels in the bush (p = 0.003) due to lack of privacy and took their used sanitary materials home (p < 0.001) for management due to reduced access to sanitary bins.

Conclusion

Even though the situation in the public schools was worse, both public and private schools lack the enabling environment for MHM. School health promotion interventions, such as provision of subsidised/affordable menstrual pads and basic WASH facilities and campaigns to break the culture of silence are required for the wellbeing of girls.
Model‐Based Explanation of Feedback Effects in Syllogistic Reasoning
Authors: Brand Daniel , Riesterer Nicolas , Ragni Marco
Published: September 2022

For decades, a significant number of models explaining human syllogistic inference processes were developed. There is profound work fitting the models' parameters and analyzing each model's ability to account for the data in order to support or reject the underlying theories. However, the model parameters are rarely used to extract explanations and hypotheses for phenomena that go beyond the original scope of the models. In this work, we apply three state‐of‐the‐art models,  the probability heuristics model (PHM), mReasoner, and TransSet, to data from reasoning experiments where participants received feedback for their conclusions. We derived hypotheses based on the models' explanations for the feedback effect and put these to the test by conducting an experiment targeting the hypotheses. The work contributes to the field in three ways: (a) the feedback effect could be replicated and was shown to be a robust effect; (b) we demonstrate the use of the model parameters in order to derive new hypotheses; (c) we present possible explanations for the feedback effect based on existing theories.
Fractionated oral dosing and its effect on cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics in dogs with high‐grade multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Veluvolu Sridhar , Willcox Jennifer L. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Al‐Nadaf Sami , Rebhun Robert , Wittenburg Luke
Published: September 2022

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent commonly included in multi‐drug treatment protocols for canine cancer. As a prodrug, CP requires hepatic metabolism for activation to the intermediate compound 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide (4‐OHCP) which then spontaneously forms alkylating phosphoramide mustard. CP is frequently administered in a fractionated manner, with the total dose given over multiple days. CP is reported to cause auto‐induction of metabolism in humans, with faster CP clearance and relatively increased 4‐OHCP formation following fractionated versus bolus dosing, however canine pharmacokinetic studies of CP dose fractionation are lacking. The study objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of fractionated oral CP dosing at a dose of 200–250 mg/m2over 3 to 4 days in a prospectively identified population of cancer‐bearing dogs. Plasma concentrations of CP and 4‐OHCP were measured by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry in eight dogs following the first and last doses to assess for auto‐induction of CP metabolism. No significant difference in the rate of CP elimination between first and last doses were detected (0.73 ± 0.46 vs. 1.22 ± 0.5 h−1;p = .125). Additionally, no significant difference in dose‐normalized 4‐OHCP exposure was identified between first and last doses (5.9 ± 2.1 vs. 7.9 ± 6.4 h × ng/ml;p = .936). These results suggest that fractionated dosing may not increase exposure to the active metabolite of CP in dogs as it does in humans. As such, standard bolus dosing and fractionated dosing may be equivalent in terms of bio‐activation of CP in dogs administered a dose of 200–250 mg/m2.
An eye on the Shih Tzu dog: Ophthalmic examination findings and ocular surface diagnostics
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Silva Ana Paula S. M. , Santos Álex P. B. , Raposo Ana Cláudia S. , Oriá Arianne P.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To characterize the ocular surface parameters and determine the prevalence of ocular pathology in Shih Tzu dogs.

Animal Studied

Fifty Shih Tzu dogs (28 male, 22 female).

Procedures

Each dog underwent a complete ophthalmic examination (recording any pathology) and a series of diagnostics, allowing for a 10 min‐interval between tests: intraocular pressure (IOP), blink rate, palpebral fissure length (PFL), corneal tactile sensation (CTS), Schirmer tear test and nasolacrimal reflex without (STT‐1, NL‐STT1) and with topical anesthesia (STT‐2, NL‐STT2), tear ferning, strip meniscometry test (SMT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and punctate fluorescein staining (PFS) of the cornea.

Results

Mean ± SD test values were as follows: IOP (17.9 ± 3.7 mmHg), blink rate (2.4 ± 1.4 blinks/min), PFL (23.8 ± 1.8 mm), CTS (1.8 ± 0.7 cm), STT‐1 (22.0 ± 5.5 mm/min), NL‐STT1 (24.2 ± 4.7 mm/min), STT‐2 (16.9 ± 6.5 mm/min), NL‐STT2 (18.5 ± 7.5 mm/min), SMT (7.5 ± 3.5 mm/5 s), TFBUT (5.3 ± 2.4 s), tear ferning (1.3 ± 0.7), and PFS (1.6 ± 0.6). PFL was significantly greater in male vs. female Shih Tzus (p< .001). Age was negatively correlated with TFBUT results (r = −0.31, p = .027). Lagophthalmos was observed in 82% eyes. Ocular surface pathology was common, including adnexal abnormalities (100% eyes with caruncular trichiasis and medial lower lid entropion) and corneal opacification (27% pigmentation, 20% fibrosis, 12% neovascularization).

Conclusions

Qualitative tear film deficiency (low TFBUT), along with several anatomical abnormalities that promote ocular irritation and reduce globe protection, together help explain the concerningly high prevalence of ocular surface disease in the Shih Tzu breed. Prophylactic measures (e.g., medial canthoplasty, topical lubrication) could be considered to improve ocular health in Shih Tzus.
Preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs
Authors: Giansetto Thomas , Broux Olivier , Bolen Géraldine , Claeys Stéphanie
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe a novel modified preputial urethrostomy with preservation of the local anatomy in 4 dogs.

Study design

Short case series.

Animals

Four client‐owned male dogs.

Methods

Dogs presented for dysuria and urethral obstruction and underwent a modified preputial urethrostomy as a salvage procedure after the failure of previous treatments. Urethral stenosis or tear was confirmed by cysto‐urethrography in all dogs. The preputial urethrostomy involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra with the preputial mucosa after caudal laparotomy, without dissection of the prepuce or amputation of the penis. Owner follow up was obtained by telephone interview.

Results

Urinary obstruction was due to urethral stenosis in 3 dogs and severe complications following perineal urethrostomy in 1 dog. The urinary obstruction was resolved in all dogs by the modified preputial urethrostomy. None of the dogs had signs of dysuria, urinary tract infection, or dermatitis immediately postoperatively. Two dogs showed signs of urinary incontinence from 15 days to 1 month postoperatively, which persisted throughout the follow‐up period.

Conclusion

A functional urethral stoma was obtained in all dogs. This technique may be an alternative to prepubic urethrostomy in male dogs.
CRASH PREDICTION ON ROAD SEGMENTS USING MACHINE LEARNING METHODS
Authors: Guerra Agustin , Gadhiya Vivek , Srisurin Punyaanek
Published: September 2022

This study adopted the Highway Safety Information System’s (HSIS) data for crashes occurred on road segments to develop supervised machine learning prediction models. Five machine learning models are developed: Linear Regression (LR), Generalize Additive Model (GAM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A comparison among the five model was performed using the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) as quality model indicators. The results indicated that the RF model was found to produce the best crash prediction results. The findings suggested that the increase in Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) exponentially increased the number of crashes on highway segments. In addition, roadway segments with the higher design speed induced the lower number of crashes, compared to the segments with the lower design speed. For segments of shorter than 5-mile long, the number of crashes rapidly increased as the segment length increased. However, there was no substantial increase in the number of crashes as the segment length increased for segments of longer than 5 miles. Also, the greater number of lanes on a roadway segment, the greater chance for increasing the number of crashes. Finally, the moderate grades showed the highest risk for occurrences of crashes, respectively followed by flat and rolling grades. These findings are useful for transportation professionals to consider when designing highways.
Desacuerdos, crisis y movimientos: miradas contemporáneas a las expresiones literarias y culturales latinoamericanas
Authors: Moreno Santacruz Sebastián , Barón Laura Andrea , Botero Bermúdez Ana María , Cazares Carlos Andrés , Cubillos Vivian Rocío , Orozco Iván Espinosa , Febres Harry , Gamboa Diana M. , Huertas Gary , Plaza Juan Esteban , González Gabriela Reyes , Saldarriaga Gutiérrez Sebastián , Varguillas Pedro , Villarraga Valentina , Yagmour Jhoerson
Published: September 2022

Desacuerdos, crisis y movimientos recorre caminos insospechados, resalta las relaciones temáticas y metodológicas más subrepticias, para descartar, así, las conexiones cartográficas usuales de las literaturas y culturas latinoamericanas que abundan en los compendios académicos tradicionales. En una búsqueda por dialogar con las discusiones actuales, los capítulos de este libro estudian la literatura de América Latina en relación con la memoria, la política, el cine o la música, sin dejar de lado la complejidad de la literatura infantil y juvenil desde la potencia de lo posible. Se trata, pues, de abrir las fronteras de los estudios literarios para fijarse en otros estatutos, formatos y dimensiones culturales. Esta colección de capítulos y entrevistas es el resultado de un trabajo colaborativo y autogestionado del Semillero de Investigación en Literatura Latinoamericana (Silat), de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, sede Central. Este libro se constituye, entonces, en un paso más en el desarrollo investigativo de sus integrantes y en el fortalecimiento de los lazos que entre ellos se han tejido en el campo de los estudios literarios.
A new species of Xenotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from West Bengal, India with keys to the Asian species
Authors: Mondal Priyankar , Ganguly Moumi , Kayal Sandipan
Published: September 2022

A new species of Xenotarsonemus Beer, 1954 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Tarsonemidae), Xenotarsonemus krishnai sp. nov. Mondal & Ganguly is described based on the specimens collected from the fern species Arthromeris wallichiana naturally grown in the Himalayan forests of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal, India. This registers the first species of Xenotarsonemus from India and the eighth species from the Asian continent. A note on the ventral coxisternal fissures of Xenotarsonemus species and keys to differentiate the Asian species are provided.
A new species of the oribatid mite genus Epilohmannia (Acari: Oribatida: Epilohmanniidae), with a key to known species from Iran
Authors: Akrami Mohammad Ali , Bayartogtokh Badamdorj
Published: September 2022

During investigations of oribatid mites from Shiraz, Fars Province in southern Iran, a new species of Epilohmannia (Acari: Oribatida: Epilohmanniidae) was found from soils under oak and willow trees. Epilohmannia rotundistriata sp. nov. is distinguishable from other species by the broadly rounded rostrum with longitudinal striations; bothridial seta with long, finely barbed stalk and strongly swollen, fusiform head bearing many distinct barbs; anterior margin of notogaster concave; notogastral setae c1 and c2 situated transversely nearly at the same level; anal and adanal setae thickened, barbed, ad3 distinctly shorter than the other two adanal setae; all apodemes well developed; tarsi of leg IV with three thick spine-like setae (a″, s and tc′). A key for identifying known species of Epilohmannia in Iran, is provided.
Schwendingeriella tapanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new remarkable representative of Uropodina mites from Thailand (Acari: Mesostigmata: Urodinychidae)
Authors: Kontschán Jenő , Ermilov Sergey G.
Published: September 2022

A new mite genus, Schwendingeriella gen. nov. (Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Urodinychidae), with Schwendingeriella tapanensis sp. nov. as type species, is described on the basis of 12 females and nine males collected in soil samples from Thailand. The new genus has a unique character combination which has not been previously observed within the family Urodinychidae: numerous needle-like prolongations on the anterior margin of the female genital shield; the presence of a pygidial shield; an unusual web-like structure on the dorsal shield; the wide and marginally pilose internal malae on the gnathosoma, and the palp apothele with four branches.
Acute and Overuse, Time-Loss and Non-Time-Loss Lateral Ankle Sprains and Health Care Utilization in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Brown Cathleen N. , Bovbjerg Viktor E. , Soucy Michael T. , Choe SeokJae , Fredericson Michael , Simon Janet E.
Published: September 2022

Context: Health care utilization and the occurrence of non-time-loss (NTL) lateral ankle sprains is not well documented in collegiate athletes but could provide better estimates of injury burden and inform clinician workload. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: Lateral ankle sprain injury occurrence for Division I collegiate student-athletes in a conference with 32 sports representing 732 team seasons was collected during the 2018–2019 through 2020–2021 academic years. Injuries were designated as acute or overuse, and time-loss (TL) or NTL. Associated health care utilization, including athletic training services (AT services), and physician encounters were reported along with anatomical structures involved and season of occurrence. Results: A total of 1242 lateral ankle sprains were reported over the 3 years from 732 team seasons and 17,431 player seasons, resulting in 12,728 AT services and 370 physician encounters. Most lateral ankle sprains were acute-TL (59.7%), which were associated with the majority of AT services (74.1%) and physician encounters (70.0%). Acute-NTL sprains represented 37.8% of lateral ankle sprains and were associated with 22.3% of AT services and 27.0% of physician encounters. On average, there were 12.7 (5.8) AT services per acute-TL sprain and 6.0 (3.6) per acute-NTL sprain. Most sprains involved “ankle lateral ligaments” (45.6%), and very few were attributed to overuse mechanisms (2.4%). Conclusions: Lateral ligament sprains are a common injury across many sports and result in substantial health care utilization from ATs and physicians, including NTL lateral ankle sprains. Although TL injuries were the majority of sprains, a substantial proportion of sprains were NTL and accounted for a considerable proportion of health care utilization.
Coevolution of the Ess1-CTD axis in polar fungi suggests a role for phase separation in cold tolerance
Authors: Palumbo Ryan J. , McKean Nathan , Leatherman Erinn , Namitz Kevin E. W. , Connell Laurie , Wolfe Aaron , Moody Kelsey , Gostinčar Cene , Gunde-Cimerman Nina , Bah Alaji , Hanes Steven D.
Published: September 2022

Most of the world’s biodiversity lives in cold (−2° to 4°C) and hypersaline environments. To understand how cells adapt to such conditions, we isolated two key components of the transcription machinery from fungal species that live in extreme polar environments: the Ess1 prolyl isomerase and its target, the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. Polar Ess1 enzymes are conserved and functional in the model yeast,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
By contrast, polar CTDs diverge from the consensus (YSPTSPS)
26
and are not fully functional in
S. cerevisiae
. These CTDs retain the critical Ess1 Ser-Pro target motifs, but substitutions at Y1, T4, and S7 profoundly affected their ability to undergo phase separation in vitro and localize in vivo. We propose that environmentally tuned phase separation by the CTD and other intrinsically disordered regions plays an adaptive role in cold tolerance by concentrating enzymes and substrates to overcome energetic barriers to metabolic activity.
Abortion after
Dobbs:
Defendants, denials, and delays
Authors: Kimport Katrina
Published: September 2022

The U.S. Supreme Court’s
Dobbs
decision will lead to more criminalization of activities during pregnancy, more abortion denials, and more abortions after the first trimester.
Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity in Coincident Human and Mosquito Hosts
Authors: Lapp Zena , Obala Andrew A. , Abel Lucy , Rasmussen David A. , Sumner Kelsey M. , Freedman Elizabeth , Taylor Steve M. , Prudhomme-O’Meara Wendy
Published: September 2022

Plasmodium falciparumis the deadliest human malaria parasite, and infections consisting of concurrent, multiple strains are common in regions of high endemicity. During transitions within and between the parasite’s mosquito and human hosts, these strains are subject to population bottlenecks, and distinct parasite strains may have differential fitness in the various environments encountered.
Cluster Adsorption of L-Histidine on Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Le D. T. , Butyrskaya E. V. , Eliseeva T. V.
Published: September 2022

Adsorption isotherms are obtained for L-histidine on carbon nanotubes using aqueous solutions at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 80°C. The isotherms are interpreted by using the cluster adsorption model and analyzing the dependence of the strength of the bond nanotube–amino acid on temperature. Equations of the adsorption isotherms are obtained for all temperatures. The calculated results indicate that L-histidine is fixed on a nanotube’s surface in the form of monomers and different clusters. The equilibrium characteristics of adsorption are found to change as the temperature rises. Values obtained for the coefficients of equilibrium are used to calculate apparent enthalpy ΔH* of L-histidine adsorption by nanotubes, according to the van’t Hoff equation.
Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma of cervical adenitis in an adult
Authors: Singh Devika , Sit Shirley , Singh Narendra
Published: September 2022

Citrobacter freundiiinfections have not been previously described as an aetiology for lymphadenitis in healthy adults. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections typically occur in young children or immunocompromised individuals, with few cases seen in adults. A woman in her 20s presented with lymphadenitis that was subsequently positive forC. freundiiand NTM on needle biopsy and was treated with antibiotics. The patient was followed up for 3 months with regular ultrasound scans and is currently asymptomatic. The excisional biopsy was cancelled as a result. This case highlights the complexity of making a diagnosis in some patients with cervical adenopathy, and as such, it is crucial to use the patient’s clinical course to guide treatment modalities. Contamination was a possibility in this case given the number of organisms shown on biopsy and the lack of response to treatment, and we provide an approach to management in this case of uncertainty.
Home-based hepatitis C self-testing in people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men in Georgia: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shilton Sonjelle , Stvilia Ketevan , Japaridze Maia , Tsereteli Nino , Usharidze Dali , Phevadze Shota , Jghenti Miranda , Mozalevskis Antons , Markby Jessica , Luhmann Niklas , Johnson Cheryl , Nabeta Pamela , Ongarello Stefano , Reipold Elena Ivanova , Gamkrelidze Amiran
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Globally, it is estimated that more than three-quarters of people with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) are unaware of their HCV status. HCV self-testing (HCVST) may improve access and uptake of HCV testing particularly among key populations such as people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) where HCV prevalence and incidence are high and barriers to accessing health services due to stigma and discrimination are common.

Methods and analysis

This randomised controlled trial compares an online programme offering oral fluid-based HCVST delivered to the home with referral to standard-of-care HCV testing at HCV testing sites. Eligible participants are adults self-identifying as either MSM or PWID who live in Tbilisi or Batumi, Georgia, and whose current HCV status is unknown. Participants will be recruited through an online platform and randomised to one of three arms for MSM (courier delivery, peer delivery and standard-of-care HCV testing (control)) and two for PWID (peer delivery and standard-of-care HCV testing (control)). Participants in the postal delivery group will receive an HCVST kit delivered by an anonymised courier. Participants in the peer delivery groups will schedule delivery of the HCVST by a peer. Control groups will receive information on how to access standard-of-care testing at a testing site. The primary outcome is the number and proportion of participants who report completion of testing. Secondary outcomes include the number and proportion of participants who (a) receive a positive result and are made aware of their status, (b) are referred to and complete HCV RNA confirmatory testing, and (c) start treatment. Acceptability, feasibility, and attitudes around HCV testing and cost will also be evaluated. The target sample size is 1250 participants (250 per arm).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the National Centers for Disease Control and Public Health Georgia Institutional Review Board (IRB) (IRB# 2021-049). Study results will be disseminated by presentations at conferences and via peer-reviewed journals. Protocol version 1.1; 14 July 2021.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04961723).
Cohort profile: the Norwegian Registry of Persons Assessed for Cognitive Symptoms (NorCog) – a national research and quality registry with a biomaterial collection
Authors: Medbøen Ingrid Tøndel , Persson Karin , Nåvik Marit , Totland Torunn Holm , Bergh Sverre , Treviño Cathrine Selnes , Ulstein Ingun , Engedal Knut , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Brækhus Anne , Øksengård Anne Rita , Horndalsveen Peter Otto , Saltvedt Ingvild , Lyngroth Anne Liv , Ranhoff Anette Hylen , Skrettingland Dagny Bekkeheien , Naik Mala , Soares Jelena Zugic , Johnsen Bente , Selbaek Geir
Published: September 2022

Purpose

The Norwegian Registry of Persons Assessed for Cognitive Symptoms (NorCog) was established to harmonise and improve the quality of diagnostic practice across clinics assessing persons with cognitive symptoms in Norwegian specialist healthcare units and to establish a large research cohort with extensive clinical data.

Participants

The registry recruits patients who are referred for assessment of cognitive symptoms and suspected dementia at outpatient clinics in Norwegian specialist healthcare units. In total, 18 120 patients have been included in NorCog during the period of 2009–2021. The average age at inclusion was 73.7 years. About half of the patients (46%) were diagnosed with dementia at the baseline assessment, 35% with mild cognitive impairment and 13% with no or subjective cognitive impairment; 7% received other specified diagnoses such as mood disorders.

Findings to date

All patients have a detailed baseline characterisation involving lifestyle and demographic variables; activities of daily living; caregiver situation; medical history; medication; psychiatric, physical and neurological examinations; neurocognitive testing; blood laboratory work-up; and structural or functional brain imaging. Diagnoses are set according to standardised diagnostic criteria. The research biobank stores DNA and blood samples from 4000 patients as well as cerebrospinal fluid from 800 patients. Data from NorCog have been used in a wide range of research projects evaluating and validating dementia-related assessment tools, and identifying patient characteristics, symptoms, functioning and needs, as well as caregiver burden and requirement of available resources.

Future plans

The finish date of NorCog was originally in 2029. In 2021, the registry’s legal basis was reformalised and NorCog got approval to collect and keep data for as long as is necessary to achieve the purpose of the registry. In 2022, the registry underwent major changes. Paper-based data collection was replaced with digital registration, and the number of variables collected was reduced. Future plans involve expanding the registry to include patients from primary care centres.
Effect of tibial transverse transport on chronic lower extremity angiopathy: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Bao Huhe , Hu He , Lideer  , Ni Xiyu , Zhao Yaxin , Sun Guanwen
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Chronic lower extremity angiopathy is a peripheral vascular disease that can result in disability and death. The tibial transverse transport (TTT) technique has been used to treat this disease in recent years. TTT’s effect remains unclear owing to the lack of large samples and high-quality evidence. Therefore, this study aims to assess TTT’s effectiveness and safety in chronic lower extremity angiopathy treatment.

Methods and analysis

Relevant studies were acquired by searching the following databases: Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (CBM) until 20 September 2021. All randomised controlled trials and cohort studies on TTT for chronic lower extremity angiopathy will be included in this review. The primary outcomes will include the healing time and healing rate. The additional outcomes will include the Ankle Brachial Index, amputation rate, ankle skin temperature, Visual Analogue Scale, hospitalisation time, vascular endothelial growth factor, effective rate and complications. We will use Stata V.16.0 software and Review Manager V.5.3 software for meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted, if necessary.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was based on previous data. The medical ethics committee of Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, located in China waived the need for formal approval of this research, as this study did not fall under the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals or relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021281124.