bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mengembangkan Penguasaan Keaksaraan Anak Usia Dini melalui Media Teka-Teki Bergambar pada Anak Kelompok B di TK TGK Hasanul Basri Cot Jabet Kecamatan Gandapura Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Fariza Izma , Elfiadi Elfiadi , Sari Mutia
Published: October 2022

Literacy skill is of paramount importance for children as it eases them to obtain knowledge. Low literacy rate is now becoming an issue at TK Tgk Hasanul Basri Cot Jabet particularly the second year students since their literacy skills are not developed as expected. One of the ways to tackle such an issue is by developing literacy skills through pictured puzzles. This study aims to: (1) investigate the effectiveness of pictured puzzles in developing children's literacy skills at TK Tgk. Hasanul Basri Cot Jabet Gandapura, (2) to describe children's literacy development through the use of pictured puzzles at TK Tgk. Hasanul Basri Cot Jabet Gandapura. A qualitative approach using Classroom Action Research in a collaboration between the researcher and the classroom teacher was used in this study. Pre-treatment result showed that 12 children (60%) has not developed literacy skills, 8 children (40%) were developing the skill while there was no child with good literacy skill yet. In the first cycle, there were 2 children (10%) who has not developed the skill yet, 11 children (55%) started showing progress, 7 children (35%) developed as expected, yet there was no child with an exceptional development yet. In the second cycle, the results revealed that only one child (5%) with no progress yet, 3 children (15%) started showing progress, 7 children (35%) developed as expected, and 9 children (45%) developed well. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of puzzled picture could help in developing children's literacy skills through several steps. First, by introducing pictured puzzles based on topics learned such as animals living in the water or land. Then, the children could be asked to guess the initial letter from a piece of the puzzles shown by the teacher. After answering, one of the children would be asked to solve the puzzles while mentioning every letter appeared in the puzzles
Intelligent decision support systems in the development of megalopolis infrastructure
Authors: Trofymchuk Oleksandr , Stenin Aleksandr , Soldatova Maria , Drozdovich Irina
Published: October 2022

From the point of view of the management theory, a megapolis is a complex non-stationary spatial system. The problem of making innovative decisions on the development of their infrastructure is caused by the presence of a large amount of information, its uncertainty and inconsistency. This article discusses the principles of building intelligent decision support systems of a situational type for the innovative development of the infrastructure of megacities. Solutions are formed by logico-analytical processing of data on the situation in general and special cases of situations for the considered subject of the megalopolis infrastructure. For the practical implementation of the decision-making mechanism, the article proposes a linguistic-numerical method for determining the potentially best alternative and a fuzzy situational algorithm for managing the subjects of the megalopolis infrastructure, based on the structural generality of the situations of a fuzzy situational network. The obtained results were tested on two real infrastructure subjects of Kyiv.
Rancang Bangun Prototype Pengusir Hama Kera Pada Perkebunan Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Tamia Elvina Bela , Zafia Anggi
Published: October 2022

Dalam dunia pertanian, hama kera merupakan musuh yang membuat resah petani. Kera memakan tanaman dari umur 3 minggu hingga masa panen. Dengan begitu petani harus selalu menjaga tanaman dari pagi hingga petang untuk mendapatkan hasil panen yang maksimal. Oleh karena itu untuk mendapatkan hasil panen yang maksimal diperlukan solusi yang mampu membantu petani dalam menangani masalah ini, seperti perancangan alat yang berfungsi sebagai pengaman tanaman yang dapat bekerja secara otomatis dalam melakukan proses pengamanan. Sistem pengamanan ini membutuhkan beberapa komponen yaitu, NodeMCU sebagai mikrokontroler, dua sensor yaitu PIR HC-SR501 dan PIR HC-SR04, RTC, Buzzer dan LED. Cara kerja dari sistem tersebut yaitu ketika dua sensor menangkap adanya pergerakan objek maka akan diteruskan ke mikrokontroler, dari mikrokontroler mengirimkan perintah ke Buzzer agar memberikan notifikasi bunyi.Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu terciptanya prototype sistem pengaman tanaman dari hama kera berbasis internet of things dengan presentase keberhasilan alat yaitu 86,7% dan persentase error 13,3%. Keywords: Hama Kera, PIR HC-SR501, NodeMCU, Buzzer
Implementasi Static Analysis Dan Background Process Untuk Mendeteksi Malware Pada Aplikasi Android Dengan Mobile Security Framework
Authors: Yuniati Trihastuti , Tambunan Aris Rafael , Setyoko Yoso Adi
Published: October 2022

Android menjadi sistem operasi yang paling banyak digunakan di antara sekian banyak pilihan sistem operasi untuk perangkat mobile dengan dukungan oleh aplikasi yang beragam guna memudahkan kehidupan manusia dalam beraktifitas Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) adalah framework pengujian otomatis bersifat open-source, yang mampu melakukan uji penetrasi, analisis malware, penilaian keamanan aplikasi seluler dengan analisis statis dan dinamis dalam melakukan proses analisis akan menampilkan hasil berupa laporan mengenai aplikasi android tersebut. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalaha bagaimana menggunakan Mobile Security Framwork (MobSF) sebagai analisis static malware pada aplikasi android. Sample malware akan diambil melalui internet dan menganalisis malware tersebut menggunakan metode analisis statik yang membaca informasi malware lalu dikombinasikan dengan background process android dengan menginstal live pada device android. Peneliti menggunakan Mobile security framework (MobSF) untuk menganalisis statik keamanan dengan parameter dangerous permissions, weak crypto, root detection, SSL bypass dan domain malware check pada aplikasi X8Speeder. Hasil dari analisis, terdeteksi Malware dan memiliki perizinan yang tidak sewajarnya. Seperti yang terlihat, aplikasi game tidak memerlukan izin untuk memodifikasi penyimpanan eksternal smartphone. Maka dari itu, diperlukannya ketelitian pengguna agar tidak sembarangan mengunduh atau mengklik sesuatu ketika berinternet.

Kata Kunci: Mobile Security Framework, Static Analysis, Backgrund Proces Android. Android
Investigation of the air environment of the working areas of foundries with modern technologies for the manufacture of cores and molds
Authors: Lazarenkov A. M. , Sadokha M. A.
Published: October 2022

Modern technologies for manufacturing cores and molds using cold-hardening mixtures are considered. The results of studies of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area during the manufacture of cores and molds by various processes (NO-WAX, Alpha-set, Beta-set, COLD-BOX-AMINE, EPOXY-SO2 process, RESOL-CO2) and pouring molds and cores with liquid metal are presented. It is noted that a complex of harmful substances is fixed in the air, the composition of which depends on the processes used to obtain cores and molds, binding materials, metal poured into molds, and the nature of production. It is established that in order to ensure safe working conditions for workers in the organization of production, it is necessary to take into account the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the substances used and the conditions of a particular production.
Dissolution of hydrogen in metals and casting alloys
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. , Stetsenko A. V.
Published: October 2022

Thermodynamic calculations have shown that hydrogen from atmospheric water vapors can penetrate aluminum, iron and copper, especially into their melts. Hydrogen atoms in these metals are in free and adsorbed states. Strong and dense oxide films on the surfaces of aluminum, iron and copper significantly reduce the solubility of hydrogen in these metals. Copper and iron nanocrystals more actively adsorb atomic hydrogen than aluminum nanocrystals. This is one of the main reasons for the weak solubility of hydrogen in aluminum and the large desorption of hydrogen atoms in the crystallization of aluminum compared to iron and copper.
Control of deformability during drawing of low‑carbon wire rod
Authors: Fetisov V. P.
Published: October 2022

The maximum drawing of the wire rod with a single drawing characterizes its deformation ability to extremely large total compressions. A complex index of deformability of a low-carbon wire rod determined under tension is proposed, taking into account the ability of the metal to harden and its tendency to localize plastic deformation.
Translation of hardness numbers in testing of surface‑hardened steel products
Authors: Valko A. L. , Rudenko S. P. , Sandomirski S. G.
Published: October 2022

Recalculation formulae of hardness transformation in units of HRC into Vickers hardness HV 30 for hardened and tempered structural steels in ASTM E 140-07 and ISO 18265:2013 were analyzed. From a Vickers hardness reading of 62.3 HRC using a 4.903 N indenter, the hardness is converted to 294.2 N and the hardness is converted to HRC using the ASTM E 140-07 formula. Full agreement of average hardness value HRC with reference measure is obtained. Correction factor of conversion to hardness at 294,2N and approximating relationship between hardness value HV0,2 and hardness value measured at 4,903N load during testing is given. The relationship between Vickers hardness HV, HV0.5, HV0.2 and hardness in units of HRC for hardened and tempered structural steels is given.
Formation of the transition zone “matrix alloy – reinforcing granules” in the process of solid‑liquid synthesis of composite material
Authors: Kalinichenko A. S. , Kalinichenko V. A. , Luhin V. G.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the formation of transition zone between matrix alloy and reinforcing phase (cast iron granules) during the synthesis of composite casted materials. Results on concentration distribution of main elements (Si, Fe, Cu) are presented. It is shown that the formation of transition zone starts during the infiltration process with further its growth during the exposition at synthesis temperature. As the result dissolution and distraction of granules take place.
3D-Concreting – Compositions, Techniques and Properties of Mixtures
Authors: Samuilov Yu. D. , Trepachko V. M. , Batyanovskiy E. I.
Published: October 2022

The paper reflects the problems of 3D-concreting technology, which is developing quite intensively in modern conditions of construction production. The most important condition for its practical implementation is the development of concrete mixture compositions that provide the necessary rheological (technological) properties for  formation of products, 

elements of building structures or the structure as a whole, as well as providing the required pace of work and physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of the hardened concrete. At the initial stage of research carried out in the Research and Testing Laboratory of Concrete and Building Materials of the Belarusian National Technical University a number of concrete mixtures compositions were developed that are designed and provide the necessary conditions for the implementation of 3D-concreting of  self-supporting and  load-bearing structural elements respectively, in the manufacture of  products of  small architectural forms and  the erection (arrangement) of building structures for various purposes. A methodology has been developed and implemented for the selection of a rational granulometric composition of  aggregate,  type, properties and amount of  binder, chemical and mineral additives, together providing the required technological properties of concrete mixtures after they have been mixed with water. Original methods for assessing the rheological properties of water-soluble concrete mixtures and their changes over time,  leading to an increase in the plastic strength of molded concrete, as well as a method for calculating the rate of concrete work depending on the properties of the concrete mixtures used, are proposed and experimentally substantiated. As a result, prerequisites have been created for further expansion of a number of  compositions of dry concrete mixes  taking into account their purpose for 3D-concreting, and for  developing  methods and evaluating  the physical and mechanical characteristics and properties of hardened concrete, taking into consideration the purpose of manufactured products and erected (arranged) building structures.
Rapid Regrowth of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor after Gross Total Resection in Adult: Case Report
Authors: Kim Jun Mo , Choi Gwang Yoon , Choi Kyung Chan , Choi Hyuk Jai
Published: October 2022

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are rare embryonal tumors. Herein, we present an unusual case of an AT/RT showing rapid regrowth to more than its original size approximately 1 month after gross total resection (GTR). A 22-year-old man presented with a severe headache. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a tumor was found in the left cerebellopontine angle (2.8 × 3.7 × 3.7 cm; 38.3 cm3). GTR was performed, and biopsy confirmed AT/RT. On day 38 after surgery, a follow-up MRI due to abrupt mental deterioration to coma was performed, showing that the tumor had regrown to be even larger than its original size (3.6 × 3.5 × 5.3 cm; 66.78 cm3). After 1 month, the patient died. The median survival of AT/RT patients who undergo GTR is 20 months. In our case, the patient died much earlier than the previously reported overall survival duration after GTR. Therefore, physicians should always be wary of the possibility of rapid regrowth of AT/RTs when establishing the treatment plan.
Application of the Rate Transient Analysis for Estimation of the Stimulated Reservoir Volume Associated with a Marcellus Shale Horizontal Well
Authors: Parrish Amanda , Sattari Arya , El Sgher Mohamed , Aminian Kashy , Ameri Samuel
Published: October 2022

the Flowing Material Balance (FMB) has become popular in recent years because it does not require static (shut-in) pressure data that are needed for the traditional material balance application. This method is particularly useful for the shale reservoirs where shut-in pressure data are rarely available. The application FMB to the shale reservoirs is challenging because of the presence of the adsorbed gas, due to high organic content, and the long time that is required to establish boundary-dominated flow (BDF) due to ultra-low permeability. However, the interference between the fracture stages in a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fracture stages leads to an early BDF period during the production. Therefore, the production data from this early BDF period can be utilized to determine the gas in place which can be attributed to the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and is of more economic significance.

The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of the FMB for estimation of the gas in the SRV associated with a Marcellus shale horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fracture stages. The available information from several existing horizontal wells at MSEEL site in West Virginia were utilized to develop a reservoir for model for a Marcellus shale horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fracture stages. To accurately simulate the production data, the adsorbed gas as wells as geomechanical factors, derived from the laboratory and published data, were incorporated in the model. The geomechanical factors account for the impairments in hydraulic fracture conductivity and the reduction in the formation (matrix and fissure) permeability caused by the reservoir depletion. The simulated production data were then analyzed by both conventional method and King method which accounts for gas desorption.

The FMB method which accounts for gas desorption was found to provides reliable estimates of the gas in place in SRV. The analysis of the production data indicated the presence of two BDF. The analysis of the data from the early BDF provided the gas in place in SRV. The analysis of the data from the late BDF provided the total gas in the reservoir. The results were found to be comparable to the values determined from the model. Therefore, the reliability of the data analysis method was confirmed.
Proppant Transport Analysis of the Anionic High Viscosity Friction Reducer in High-TDS Marcellus Shale Formation Water Environments
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Biheri Ghith , Imqam Abdulmohsin
Published: October 2022

High viscosity friction reducers (HVFRs) have been recently gaining more attention and increasing in use, not only as friction-reducing agents but also as proppant carriers. Reusing of produced water has also been driven by both environmental and economic benefits. In Marcellus Shale regions, slickwater fracturing fluids are commonly used, which reduce the number of fluid additives required and foster high retained conductivity but require high water volumes and pumping rate. In contrast, HVFRs can also exhibit high retained conductivity with less water and horsepower required and much more other operational and economical advantages. Currently, most friction reducers on the market are anionic friction reducers, which are fully compatible with most produced water with low to medium level of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) but show significant decreasing at high TDS conditions in term of their friction reduction performance in most cases. Concerns remain about performances of using anionic HVFRs with produced water to transport proppant. The ultimate objective of this experimental study is to investigate whether increasing loading of the anionic HVFR can compensate the side effects of high TDS and temperature in Marcellus Shale formation. Anionic HVFRs at 4, 6, and 8 gallons per thousand gallons (GPT) were selected and analyzed. The rheology measurement of different concentrations of anionic HVFRs were conducted with deionized (DI) water, high TDS Marcellus Shale formation water, and 30,000 mg/L NaCl solution at temperature of 60 °C. Static and dynamic proppant settling tests were conducted with various HVFR concentrations at high TDS and temperature conditions. The results showed that high TDS and temperature decreased the viscous and elastic profiles of the anionic HVFR. In particular, the elastic profile became negligible. Differences between monovalent and divalent cations effects on the rheology properties and proppant transport capability of the anionic HVFR were also negligible at high TDS and temperature conditions. Increasing loading of the anionic HVFR had very limited effects on improving its rheology properties and further proppant transport capabilities at Marcellus Shale formation conditions. Therefore, future study can be focused on modifying proppant, such as sizes and concentrations, and slurry injection rate to get better fracturing results in Marcellus Shale formation.
Parameter Estimation of Solar PV Models with an Artificial Humming Bird Optimization Algorithm using Various Objective Functions
Authors: Tummala Ayyarao , kishore indira
Published: October 2022

Accurate photovoltaic (PV) models are essential to optimize grid operations and dynamic energy management. This article proposes parameter estimation of solar PV models using Artificial Humming bird Optimization (AHO) algorithm. The AHO algorithm is inspired by hummingbird flight dynamics and mimics hummingbird foraging behaviour. Three objective functions are developed to minimize the root mean square difference between the experimental and estimated currents. The first objective function is based on the conventional RMSE, while the second is developed using the Lambert W function, and the third is developed using the iterative Newton Raphson approach. The proposed AHO algorithm is applied to estimate the parameters for a single diode model (SDM), a double diode model (DDM), and a PV module. The AHO algorithm achieves an RMSE of 7.2985E-04 for SDM and 7.4080E-04 for DDM. The proposed AHO algorithm's performance is compared to the findings of other algorithms reported in the literature.
Successful creation of CsPb(Br1-xClx)3/ZnS core/shell perovskite nanocrystals for pure deep-blue LEDs with high luminance and efficiency
Authors: Hong Yongju , Yu Chungman , Je Hyeondoo , Kim Taekyung , Baik Hionsuck , Tomboc Gracita Raquel , Kim Youngseo , Ha Jung Min , Joo Jinwhan , Kim Chai Won , Woo Han Young , Park Sungnam , Choi Dong Hoon , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: October 2022

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are the rapidly developing core components of current display and lighting technology. Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) have recently been used as the deep-blue-light-emitting component in LEDs and are considered to have the greatest potential for growth in practical applications. However, the vulnerability of MHP NCs to the environment and the ion migration during the operation of LEDs pose formidable obstacles to the practical application of MHP NCs. Herein, we show that mixed-halide CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 NCs enclosed by epitaxially grown ZnS shells (CPBC/ZnS) are integral to ensuring a stable perovskite-based deep-blue-light-emitting diode (PeLED). We found that epitaxial ZnS shells protect the MHP NCs from the environment, and that the interparticle ion migration between MHP NCs could be effectively suppressed during LED operation, affording an exceptional external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.63% at an emission peak of 451 nm and a maximum luminance of 1687 cd m-2. Our results demonstrate that the epitaxial encapsulation of MHP NCs is a powerful strategy for the fabrication of high-efficiency, high-stability PeLEDs with a deep-blue emission.
New approaches and technical considerations in detecting outlier measurements and trajectories in longitudinal children growth data
Authors: Massara Paraskevi , Asrar Arooj , Bourdon Celine , Ngari Moses , Keown-Stoneman Charles DG , Maguire Jonathon L , Birken Catherine S , Berkley James A , Bandsma Robert HJ , Comelli Elena M
Published: October 2022

Background:Growth studies rely on longitudinal measurements, typically represented as trajectories. However, anthropometry is prone to errors that can generate outliers. While various methods are available for detecting outlier measurements, a gold-standard has not been identified and there is no established method for outlying trajectories. Thus, outlier types and their effects on growth pattern detection remain under-investigated. This work aimed to assess the performance of six methods at detecting different types of outliers, propose two novel methods for outlier trajectory detection, and evaluate how outliers affect growth pattern detection.
Methods: We included 393 healthy infants from The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) cohort and 1651 children with severe malnutrition from the co-trimoxazole prophylaxis clinical trial. We injected outliers of three types and six intensities, applied four outlier detection methods for measurements (model-based and World Health Organization cut-offs-based) and two for trajectories. We also assessed growth pattern detection before and after outlier injection using time series clustering and latent class mixed models. Error type, intensity, and population affected method performance.
Results: Model-based outlier detection methods performed the best for measurements with precision between 5.72-99.89%, especially for low error intensities and moderate errors. The clustering-based outlier trajectory method had high precision 14.93-99.12%. Combining methods improved detection rate up to 21.82% in outlier measurements. Finally, when comparing growth groups with and without outliers, the outliers were shown to alter group membership by 57.9 -79.04%.
Conclusions: World Health Organization cut-offs-based techniques were shown to perform well on few, very particular cases (extreme errors of high intensity), while model-based techniques performed well, especially for moderate errors of low intensity. Clustering-based outlier trajectory detection performed exceptionally well across all types and intensities of errors, indicating a potential strategic change in how outliers in growth data are viewed. Finally, the importance of detecting outliers was shown given its impact on children growth studies, as shown by comparing results of growth group detection.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of prolonged second stage of labour: a historical cohort study of over 51,000 women
Authors: Young Catriona , Bhattacharya Sohinee , Woolner Andrea , Ingram Amy , Smith Nicole , Raja Amalraj , Black Mairead
Published: October 2022

Background
Prolonged second stage of labour has been associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The maximum length of the second stage from full dilatation to birth of the baby remains controversial. Our objective was to determine whether extending second stage of labour was associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using routinely collected hospital data from 51,689 births in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital between 2000 and 2016. The hospital followed the local guidance of allowing second stage of labour to extend by an hour compared to national guidelines since 2008 (nulliparous and parous). The increasing duration of second stage of labour was the exposure. Baseline characteristics, maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared between women who had a second stage labour of (a) ≤ 3 hours and (b) > 3 hours duration for nulliparous women; and (a) ≤ 2 hours or (b)> 2 hours for parous women using univariate analysis. The following were then adjusted for: age, BMI, parity, smoking status, deprivation category, induced birth, epidural, oxytocin, gestational age, baby birthweight and mode of birth. The length of second stage was entered as a continuous variable
Results
Each hourly increase in the second stage of labour was associated with an increased risk of tears (aOR 1.52 95% CI 1.49-1.56), having an episiotomy (aOR 2.10 95% CI 2.06-2.14) and postpartum haemorrhage (aOR 1.55 95% CI 1.53-1.58). The rates of caesarean and forceps delivery also increased threefold when second stage duration increased (aOR 3.38 95% CI 3.26-3.50, aOR 3.18 95% CI 3.11-3.26, respectively.) No statistically significant adverse perinatal outcomes were found on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
As the duration of second stage of labour increased, the risk of tears, episiotomies and PPH increases significantly. Women were 3 times more likely to have a forceps or caesarean birth. No association was found between adverse perinatal outcomes and the duration of second stage of labour in this study.
Correlation between AI-measured lacquer cracks extension and development of myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Crincoli Emanuele , Miere Alexandra , Ferrara Silvia , Sacconi Riccardo , Battista Marco , Catania Fiammetta , Souied Eric H. , Querques Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Objectives
To investigate the correlation between the AI-measured area of the lacquer cracks (LC) at their first detection and the occurrence of a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) during the follow up in patients affected by pathologic myopia. Secondary outcome was the detection of a correlation between the time to onset of CNV with both baseline LC area and LC area increase during follow up.
Methods
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) acquisitions of patients diagnosed with LC were retrospectively analyzed. The study population was divided in a CNV group (showing documented onset of a CNV) and a n-CNV group (no CNV development during follow-up). LC area was measured using MatLab software after application of a customized method for LC segmentation on infrared (IR) enface images.
Results
Fifty-five (55) patients with a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 1.4 years were included. LC area at baseline was 2.82 ± 0.54 mm2 and 1.57 ± 0.55 mm2 in CNV (20 patients) and n-CNV group (35 patients) group respectively (p < 0.001). LC area increase was significantly higher in CNV group (p = 0.009). Time to onset of CNV was linearly correlated with both LC area at baseline (p = 0.006) and LC area increase (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Myopic CNV development is associated with lager LC areas and higher LC area increase during time. Earlier CNV onset is inversely correlated with LC area and LC area increase.
Perfect Crystals: Microgravity capillary counterdiffusion crystallization of human manganese superoxide dismutase for neutron crystallography
Authors: Borgstahl Gloria , Lutz William , Azadmanesh Jahaun , Lovelace Jeffrey , Kolar Carol , Coates Leighton , Weiss Kevin
Published: October 2022

The NASA mission Perfect Crystals used the microgravity environment on the International Space Station (ISS) to grow crystals of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) - an oxidoreductase critical for mitochondrial vitality and human health. The mission’s overarching aim is to perform neutron protein crystallography (NPC) on MnSOD to directly visualize proton positions and derive a chemical understanding of the concerted proton electron transfers performed by the enzyme. Large crystals that are perfect enough to diffract neutrons to sufficient resolution are essential for NPC. This combination, large and perfect, is hard to achieve on Earth due to gravity-induced convective mixing. Capillary counterdiffusion methods were developed that provided a gradient of conditions for crystal growth along with a built-in time delay that prevented premature crystallization before stowage on the ISS. Here, we report a highly successful and versatile crystallization system to grow a plethora of crystals for high-resolution NPC.
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial comparing Oral Chloral Hydrate and Intranasal combination of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine for Procedural Sedation in Children: study protocol
Authors: Jang Young-Eun , Joo Eun-Young , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Eun-Hee , Kang Pyoyoon , Park Jung-Bin , Kim Hee-Soo , Kim Jin Tae
Published: October 2022

Background

Oral chloral hydrate is widely used in pediatric sedation. Intranasal dexmedetomidine has been increasingly used for pediatric sedation; however, its improvement is warranted. The combination of dexmedetomidine with ketamine can improve onset and hemodynamic stability while maintaining sedative efficacy. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine compared to oral chloral hydrate.

Methods

This is a prospective, parallel-arm, single-blinded, multi-center, randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation, designed to compare the effects of intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine with those of oral chloral hydrate. We shall enrol 136 patients aged < 7 years old in this study. Prior to the procedure, we shall randomise each patient into the control group (oral chloral hydrate 50 mg/kg) or study group (intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg and ketamine 3 mg/kg). The primary outcome will be the rate of achieving an adequate sedation level (6-point Pediatric Sedation State Scale 1, 2, or 3) within 15 min. In addition, we shall measure the sedation time, sedation failure rate, completion of procedure, adverse events, patient acceptance, and physician satisfaction.

Discussion

This study will provide evidence of the efficacy and safety of the intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine in comparison with oral chloral hydrate.

Trial registration

: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04820205. Registered on 19th March 2021
LINC01468 drives NAFLD-HCC progression through CUL4A-linked degradation of SHIP2
Authors: Tang Bo , wang Hongquan , Wang Yan , Lai Shihui , Zhao Liang , Liu Wenhui , Liu Shiqian , Chen Haiqiang , Wang Jinhua , Du Guan-Hua
Published: October 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in NAFLD-associated HCC is limited. In this study, transcriptomic profiling analysis of three paired human liver samples from patients with NAFLD-driven HCC and adjacent samples showed that LINC01468 expression was significantly upregulated.In vitroandin vivogain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that LINC01468 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells through lipogenesis. Mechanistically, LINC01468 binds SHIP2 and promotes cullin 4A (CUL4A)-linked ubiquitin degradation, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in the promotion ofde novolipid biosynthesis and HCC progression. Importantly, the SHIP2 inhibitor reversed the sorafenib resistance induced by LINC01468 overexpression. Moreover, ALKBH5-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification led to stabilization and upregulation of LINC01468 RNA. Taken together, the findings indicated a novel mechanism by which LINC01468-mediated lipogenesis promotes HCC progression through CUL4A-linked degradation of SHIP2. LINC01468 acts as a driver of HCC progression from NAFLD, highlights the potential of the LINC01468-SHIP2 axis as a therapeutic target for HCC.
EDIL3 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ke Bin , Liang Zheng-Kai , Li Bin , Wang Xue-Jun , Liu Ning , Liang Han , Zhang Ru-Peng
Published: October 2022

Epidermal Growth Factor-like repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 (EDIL3) is a secretory protein that play important roles in embryonic development and various illnesses such as cancer. However, the biological function of EDIL3 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear. In this study, the GEPIA, HPA, MethSurv, SMART, STRING, GeneMANIA, LinkedOmics TIMER, TIMER2.0, TISIDB, and RNAactDrug databaseswere used to comprehensively analyze the roles of EDIL3 in GC. To validate the in silico findings, EDIL3 expression was measured in our collected GC tissues. Meanwhile, several in vitro experiments were performed to test the function of EDIL3 in GC. We found that EDIL3 was highly expressed in GC and associated with adverse clinical features. In vitro assays revealed that EDIL3 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. The functions of EDIL3 and co-expression genes were significantly associated with extracellular structure organization and extracellular matrix receptor interaction. EDIL3 expression was positively associated with numerous tumour-infiltrating immune cells and their biomarkers. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that EDIL3 might function as an oncogene and is associated with immune infiltration in GC. EDIL3 could be used as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
Systematic Review: Interventions to Quit Tobacco Products for Young Adults
Authors: Park Eunhee , Zhou Yanjun , Chen Chia-Hui , Chacko Thomas , Mahoney Martin , Chang Yu-Ping
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Young adulthood is an important period for smoking cessation; however, there is limited evidence of smoking-cessation interventions for young adults. The aims of this study were to identify evidence-based smoking-cessation strategies for young adults, examine gaps in the literature regarding smoking cessation among young adults, and discuss methodological issues/challenges related to smoking-cessation studies for young adults.
Methods: Studies tested interventions for smoking cessation among young adults (18 to 26 years old), excluding pilot studies. Five main search engines were used, including PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The search was conducted for articles published from January 2009 to December 2019. Intervention characteristics and cessation outcomes were reviewed, and methodological quality was evaluated.
Results: A total of 14 articles met inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled studies and repeated cross-sectional studies. Interventions included the following: text messaging (4/14, 28.6%), social media use (2/14, 14.3%), web-or app-based intervention (2/14, 14.3%), telephone counseling (1/14, 7.1%), in-person counseling (3/14, 21.4%), pharmacological (1/14, 7.1%), and self-help booklet (1/14, 7.1%). The intervention duration and frequency of contact with participants differed and yielded varied outcomes.
Conclusions: Multiple interventions are used for young adults’ smoking cessation. Available literature is inconclusive about the type of intervention that is most effective for young adults. However, the following interventions showed promising results based on RCT studies: text-based, social media, phone call, booklet-based counseling, and pharmacological. Future studies must compare the relative effectiveness of these intervention modalities.
A prior knowledge-informed traceable Neutral Network modeling only using regular laboratory results to assist early diagnosis for tuberculosis
Authors: Liang Yu-fang , Zheng Hua-rong , Huang Da-wei , Nai Jing , Wang Yan , An Xu , Luo Yi-fei , Chen Chao , Cui Wei-qun , Wang Qing-tao , Zhou Rui
Published: October 2022

Background To construct a knowledge-informed traceable artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to assist early diagnosis for tuberculosis (TB). Methods 60729 cases were extracted from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021, in Beijing Hepingli Hospital. Only using routine laboratory results, five AI-based algorithms were evaluated by accuracy (ACC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity (SPE) and sensitivity(SEN). A Neutral Network (NN) algorithm combined with clinical prior knowledge was designed. SHAP algorithm together with means of metrology was used to improve model explanation. Results For disease screening, our NN model overall performed better (AUC = 0.9913) than the other algorithm models. When differentiating TB with healthy control (HC), the AUC, ACC, SPE and SEN were 0.9759, 0.9348, 0.9389 and 0.9124 respectively. The AUC was 0.8035 for distinguishing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with other pulmonary diseases (OPD), The AUC was 0.7761 in the identification of TB in different parts. The average iteration epochs of the NN model prior-knowledge introduced was only 87.7, while the NN model without prior-knowledge was 190.7. SHAP algorithm together with the evaluation of measurement uncertainty in metrology not only illustrated the relationship of the mortality risk and each test item, but quantitatively the bias and variance of model and data source separately. Conclusions A knowledge-informed AI-based model only based on regular laboratory results offers a more convenient, effective, and highly accurate early diagnosis tool for TB. The ACC of our model was firstly quantitative evaluated through national reference data set traceable to National Institute of Metrology, China.
Developing a Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Cervical Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Multiplex Immunofluorescence
Authors: Wu Jiangchun , Guo Qinhao , Zhu Jun , Wu Yong , Wang Simin , Liang Siyuan , Ju Xingzhu , Wu Xiaohua
Published: October 2022

Background
Most traditional procedures can destroy tissue natural structure, and the information on spatial distribution and temporal distribution of immune milieu in situ would be lost. We aimed to explore the potential mechanism of pelvic lymph node (pLN) metastasis of cervical cancer (CC) by multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and construct a nomogram for preoperative prediction of pLN metastasis in patients with CC.
Methods
Patients (180 IB1-IIA2 CC patients of 2009 FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics)) were divided into two groups based on pLN status. Tissue microarray (TMA) was prepared and tumor-infiltrating immune markers were assessed by mIF. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and nomogram were used to develop the predicting model.
Results
Multivariable logistic regression analysis constructs a predictive model and the area under the curve (AUC) can reach 0.843. By internal validation with the remaining 40 percent of cases, a new ROC curve has emerged and the AUC reached 0.888.
Conclusions
This study presents an immune nomogram, which can be conveniently used to facilitate the preoperative individualized prediction of LN metastasis in patients with CC.
Effect of Social Stressors and Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) on Cancer Beliefs: Analysis of a Cancer Center Catchment Area
Authors: Ali Ayesha S , Smith Alexandria , Shimada Ayako , Smith Brittany C , Hines Kamryn , Leader Amy E. , Simone Nicole L
Published: October 2022

Background: Although the U.S. cancer death rate has declined significantly over three decades, health disparities continue to exist. Factors such as the environment in which our patients work, live, and play, also known as social determinants of health (SDoH), may play a role. Adverse SDoH are associated with increased cancer risk factors and negative health outcomes. Determining how SDoH may be linked to cancer beliefs could inform future interventions to decrease health disparities.
Methods: Data from a population-level survey of an NCI-designated cancer center’s catchment area was used to calculate adverse SDoH scores ranging from 0 to 9 for 859 survey respondents. Spearman's correlation coefficients quantified the relationship between the SDoH score and six cancer belief items.
Results: The majority of participants were less than 41 years old (60.4%), female (68.1%), and white (67%). The median SDoH score was 2, indicating the number of adverse SDoHs. Those with higher SDoH scores were more likely to agree that they would not like to know their cancer risk (p<0.001), that cancer is a death sentence (p<0.001) and there isn’t much you can do to lower your cancer risk (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Adverse SDoHs may play a role in cancer beliefs and may influence patients’ willingness to engage in risk prevention behaviors or in their clinical care if diagnosed with cancer. Educational efforts to alter cancer beliefs can target those with increased adverse SDOH. Screening for and intervening on SDoH may increase cancer screening rates and clinical trial participation.
PHF6 maintains acute myeloid leukemia via regulating NF-kB signaling pathway
Authors: Yuan Weiping , Hou Shuaibing , Wang Xiaomin , Guo Tengxiao , Lan Yanjie , Yuan Shengnan , Yang Shuang , Zhao Fei , Fang Aizhong , Liu Na , Yang Wanzhu , Chu Yajing , Jiang Erlie , Cheng Tao , Sun Xiao-Jian
Published: October 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature and abnormally differentiated myeloid cells in bone marrow. Here with in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that the Plant homeodomain finger gene 6 (PHF6) plays an important role in apoptosis and proliferation in myeloid leukemia. Phf6 deficiency could delay the progression of RUNX1-ETO9a and MLL-AF9-induced AML in mice. PHF6 depletion inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathways by disrupting the PHF6-p50 complex and partially inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p50 to suppress the expression of BCL2. Treating PHF6 over-expressed myeloid leukemia cells with NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11-7082) significantly increased their apoptosis and decreased their proliferation. Taken together, in contrast to PHF6 as a tumor suppressor in T-ALL as reported, we found that PHF6 also plays a pro-oncogenic role in myeloid leukemia, and thus potentially to be a therapeutic target for treating myeloid leukemia patients.
Landscape Restoration and Greening in Africa
Authors: Ruijsch Jessica , Teuling Adriaan J. , Verbesselt Jan , Hutjes Ronald
Published: October 2022

As a reaction to ongoing environmental change, many small-scale land restoration projects have emerged that aim to prevent or reverse land degradation, combat climate change through carbon sequestration or improve the local climate. However, the contribution of these projects to the greening of Africa at larger scales is still unknown due to the absence of a (public) complete database of restoration projects, the lack of monitoring and the low survival rate of planted vegetation. Here, we use climate independent greening time series to detect local greening hotspots in Africa. We find that 3% of Africa experiences local greening, especially in semi-arid environments. On top of that, we show that sustainable land management, especially active revegetation, leads to significant local greening. This study, therefore provides insight in the greening potential of land restoration, which is needed for a thorough understanding of positive and negative effects of sustainable land management.
Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Impact Firms’ Capital Structure Policy? Evidence from Western European Economies
Authors: Athari Seyed Alireza , Bahreini Mahboubeh
Published: October 2022

This study specifically investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the travel and leisure (TL) companies’ debt holdings policy. To do so, the present study selects 92 publicly listed TL companies operating in Western Europe’s top tourist destinations, and performs both the static and dynamic panel data estimation approaches during the 2005–2019 period. The results reveal that the EPU negatively impacts TL firms’ debt holdings, implying that firms tend to decline in debt levels by rising EPU. Consequently, the results highlight that the level of EPU matters and firms’ debt ratios are relatively lower in countries having a higher EPU and vice versa. Besides, the results underscore that the EPU negatively impacts firms’ debt holdings in each sub-sector however the negative effect is most prominent on the debt ratios of the firms, particularly those operating in gambling, hotels, travel and tourism, and also recreational services sub-sectors.
JEL classification: D80, G32, L83
Arctic summer sea ice loss will accelerate in coming decades
Authors: Poltronieri Anna , Bochow Nils , Boers Niklas , Jakobsen Per Kristen , Rypdal Martin
Published: October 2022

The Arctic sea ice (ASI) area reaches its yearly minimum in early autumn. Satellite measurements show that September ASI area has decreased approximately linearly when considered as a function of global mean temperature (GMT). However, there is no a priori reason to expect the sensitivity to remain constant under further warming. Model projections of September ASI area remain highly uncertain and therefore need to be complemented by observation-based estimates.
Following a new approach, we show that the September ASI area is closely proportional to the area outlined by latitudes with zonally averaged January-September temperatures below a critical threshold Tc. We discover a purely geometric effect that leads to accelerating ASI loss with rising temperatures as the September ASI area crosses the outlines of the area defined by Tc.
Consistent with Arctic amplification, the zonally averaged temperatures have followed a positive linear trend relative to the global mean, which is projected to continue throughout the century. Linearly extrapolating these zonally averaged temperatures, we infer that the sensitivity of the ASI area to GMT will increase, leading to strongly accelerating melt rates and a complete loss of September ASI for global warming between 1.5 and 2.2 °C above pre-industrial GMT levels, compared to the range of 1.3 to 3.1 °C given by state-of-the-art (CMIP6) models.
For the GMT at which ASI is lost, our observation-based projections hence give estimates that are considerably lower, and have a much smaller uncertainty range, compared to model predictions.