bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penggunaan Prakiraan Musim untuk Pertanian di Indonesia: Status Terkini dan Tantangan Kedepan
Authors: Sarvina Yeli , Surmaini Elza
Published: June 2020

Prakiraan musim sangat penting dalam pengambilan keputusan usaha tani karena variabilitas iklim yang semakin meningkat sebagai dampak dari perubahan iklim. Prakiraan musim memiliki potensi untuk bisa membantu pengambil kebijakan dan keputusan pertanian. Kajian empirik dan literatur serta kuantifikasi nilai ekonomi pemanfaatan prakiraan iklim di Indonesia untuk pertanian masih sangat terbatas. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan mengenai pemanfaatan prakiraan musim dalam sistem usahatani, perkembangan terkini prakiraan musim, nilai ekonomi prakiraan musim, kendala dan tantangan ke depan. Kajian nilai ekonomi prakiraan musim untuk pertanian masih belum banyak dilakukan, kuantifikasi manfaat prakiraan musim sangat penting untuk meyakinkan pengambil kebijakan atau petani bahwa prakiraan musim memberikan manfaat bagi pertanian. Prakiraan musim masih sulit dipahami oleh petani bahkan penyuluh. Beberapa user interface telah dikembangkan untuk memudahkan memanfaatkan prakiraan musim untuk pertanian. Peningkatan akurasi prakiraan musim ke depan harus menjadi prioritas pembangunan pertanian dan merupakan salah satu investasi penting dalam adaptasi variabilitas dan perubahan iklim. Peningkatan akurasi prakiraan musim sangat tergantung pada kapasitas sumber daya manusia serta sarana pendukung seperti sistem pemantauan dan pengamatan data iklim, pengembangan model prakiraan musim .Pengembangan berbagai user interface yang lebih mudah dipahami dan diaplikasikan oleh petani harus dilakukan
Pengaruh Pola Rotasi Tanaman terhadap Perbaikan Sifat Tanah Sawah Irigasi
Authors: Suprihatin Agus , Amirullah Johanes
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Penggenangan terus-menerus di lahan sawah akan berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan kimia dan biologi tanah. Pergantian aerobik dan anaerobik di lahan sawah merupakan satu kontrol alami yang efektif mengendalikan keseimbangan biologi dan nonbiologi sehingga tanah sawah menjadi sehat dan tetap produktif. Penerapan rotasi tanamanantara tanaman padi dengan palawija maupun hortiklutura merupakan salah alternatif yang bijak untuk tetap mempertahankan produktivitas dan kesuburan lahan, dan perekonomian petani. Penerapan rotasi tanam memiliki peranan terhadap beberapa aspek antara lain agronomi, ekonomi dan lingkungan. Pengelolaan lahan pertanian tanah sawah secara terus-menerus pada berbagai rotasi tanam dapat meningkatkan berat jenis tanah, dan persentase fraksi lempung dalam tanah sawah. Rotasi tanaman padi-palawija/hortikultura dapat memperbaiki srtuktur tanah melalui peningkatan nilai MWD. Penerapan rotasi tanaman secara terus-menerus berpengaruh nyata terhadap perubahan sifat kimia tanah seperti pH, N-total, P dan K-tersedia, KPK tanah, dan C-organik. Penerapan rotasi tanaman padi-jagung pada 1 – 2 tahun pertama memberikan kadar N-total tanah, NO3- dan DOC yang sangat tinggi. Penanaman jagung di musim kemarau pada rotasi tanaman padi-jagung dapat menyimpan air dan menekan pencucian hara, daripada penanaman padi-padi dalam jangka panjang. Pengembalian nutrisi nitrogen dalam rotasi tanaman dapat dilakukan melalui penanaman tanaman legum setelah penanaman tumbuhan serealia dan sejenisnya.

Abstract. Continuous flooding in paddy fields will disrupt the biological and chemical balance of the soil. Substitution of aerobics and anaerobics in paddy fields is a natural control that effectively controls the biological and nonbiological balance so that the paddy fields become healthy and remain productive. Application of plant rotation between rice plants with crops and horticulture is a wise alternative to maintain the productivity and fertility of paddy field, and the economy of farmer. Application of rotation has a role to play on several aspects such as agronomy, economy and environment. Continuous management of paddy field on various rotations of cropping can increase bulk density, and the percentage of clay fraction in paddy soil. Rotation of rice-upland/horticulture can improve soil structure by increasing the value of MWD. Continuous application of crop rotation has a significant effect on changes in soil chemical properties such as pH, totalN, available P and K, CEC, and organic carbon. The application of rotation of rice-maize in the 1–2 years can give very high total N, NO3- and DOC levels. The planting of maize in the dry season on a rotation of rice-maize can store water and suppress nutrient leaching, rather than long-term rice-rice cultivation. Return of nitrogen nutrients in crop rotation can be done through planting legumes after planting cereals and the like.
Karakteristik Mineral Tanah Berbahan Vulkanik dan Potensi Kesuburannya di Pulau Jawa
Authors: Purwanto Setiyo , Abdul Gani Rachmat , Sukarman Sukarman
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Pulau Jawa memiliki gunung api terbanyak di Indonesia (45 buah). Material bersumber dari erupsi gunungapi (piroklastik) di sekitar Pulau Jawa menyebabkan kualitas kesuburan tanah di Pulau Jawa lebih baik dibandingkan wilayah lain di Indonesia. Wilayah pegunungan sering dijadikan sebagai daerah sentra usaha pertanian. Kajian terkait karakteristik mineralogi tanah dari bahan vulkanik di Pulau Jawa telah banyak dilakukan, namun terbatas pada penelitian yang bersifat mandiri (perwilayahan pegunungan). Mengungkap dan memperbandingkan data berkait karakteristik mineralogi tanah vulkanik di Pulau Jawa akan memperkaya hasanah keilmuan dan bermanfaat dalam tata kelola lahan pertanian. 

Abstract. Java Island has the most volcanoes in Indonesia (45 volcanoes). Materials sourced from volcanic eruptions (pyroclastic) around the Java Island have caused the quality of soil fertility in Java is better than other regions in Indonesia. Mountainous areas are often used as a center of agricultural business, especially horticulture. Studies related to the mineralogical characteristics of soil from volcanic material on the Java Island have been widely carried out, but are limited to independent research (single mountain territory). Revealing and comparing data related to the mineralogical characteristics of volcanic soils in the Java Island will enriches scientific knowledge and useful in the management of agricultural land.
Karakteristik Tanah dan Strategi Rehabilitasi Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Sutono S. , Haryati Umi , Agus Fahmuddin
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Pasca penambangan timah menyisakan sebagian berupa lahan pasir tailing yang mempunyai tekstur pasir dengan proporsi fraksi pasir >80%, debu dan liat keduanya <20%. Lahan ini merupakan lahan sangat miskin bahan organik dan hara, sukar menyimpan air, sulit merehabilitasinya karena memerlukan input tinggi. Tulisan ini membahas karakteristik dan dinamika hara tanah pada lahan bekas tambang timah serta teknik pendekatan rehabilitasi lahan tepat guna menanggulangi faktor pembatas lahan pasir tailing timah agar mampu menghasilkan produk berupa komoditas pertanian. Sampai saat ini tanah mineral liat dan bahan organik merupakan bahan yang secara ekonomis murah dan secara teknis mudah dilakukan. Memperbaiki kemampuannya menyimpan hara dan air merupakan kunci keberhasilan merehabilitasi lahan pasir tailing timah. Pendekatan inilah yang seharusnya menjadi pedoman umum dalam merehabilitasi lahan pasir tailing timah untuk dijadikan lahan pertanian

Abstract. Post tin mining leaves a portion in the form of tailings sand which has a sand texture with a proportion of sand fraction >80%, both silt and clay <20%. This land is a very poor of organic matter and nutrients, it is difficult to store water. Therefore to rehabilitate it is very difficult and high input is needed. This paper examines the characteristic and dynamics of soil nutrients in abandoned tin-mining area and the appropriate land rehabilitation techniques to overcome the limiting factor for tin tailings sand to be ability and can produce agricultural commodity products. Clay soil mineral and organic material is a material that is economically inexpensive and technically easy to do. Improving its ability to store nutrients and water is the key to the success of rehabilitating tin tailings sand fields. This approach should be a general guideline in rehabilitating tin tailings sand land to be used as agricultural land.
Pengendalian Keracunan Besi untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi di Lahan Rawa Pasang Surut Bukaan Baru
Authors: Masganti Masganti , Susilawati Ani , Khairullah Izhar , Anwar Khairil
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Kebutuhan beras nasional meningkat dari tahun ke tahun akibat pertambahan penduduk, peningkatan kebutuhan energi harian individu, dan masih rendahnya diversifikasi konsumsi sumber karbohidrat serta keinginan untuk menjadi lumbung pangan dunia (LPD) pada tahun 2045. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional adalah melalui perluasan areal tanam dengan memanfaatkan lahan rawa pasang surut yang luasnya mencapai 8,92 juta hektare. Peningkatan luas tanam padi di lahan rawa pasang surut diantaranya dapat dilakukan melalui pembukaan lahan baru, baik dengan memanfaatkan lahan sawah terlantar maupun yang belum dimanfaatkan. Akan tetapi pembukaan lahan baru sering dihadapkan pada keracunan besi, sehingga tanaman padi tidak tumbuh dan berproduksi secara optimal. Keracunan besi dapat menurunkan produksi padi 30-100%, tergantung ketahanan varietas, intensitas keracunan, fase pertumbuhan, dan status kesuburan tanah.  Keracunan besi merupakan penyakit fisiologis tanaman dengan penyebab utama adalah konsentrasi Fe2+ yang tinggi dalam larutan tanah karena kondisi reduktif. Hal itu terkait dengan drainase yang jelek, nilai Eh yang rendah, defisiensi  K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, dan Mn, dan oksigen tanah yang rendah. Pengendalian keracunan besi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan rawa pasang surut bukaan baru dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi pengelolaan air, ameliorasi, pemupukan, pengaturan waktu tanam, dan penggunaan varietas yang toleran.

 

Abtract. National rice demand is increasing from year to year due to population growth, increasing individual daily energy needs, and the  low diversification of consumption of carbohydrate sources and the desire to become a world food barn (LPD) in 2045. One effort to increase national rice production is through expansion planting area utilizing tidal swamp land which covers an area of 8.92 million hectares. Increasing the area of rice planting in tidal swamps can be done through the opening of new land, either by using abandoned or untapped rice fields. However, new land clearing is often faced with iron poisoning, so that rice plants do not grow and produce optimally. Iron poisoning can reduce rice production by 30-100%, depending on the variety resistance, poisoning intensity, growth phase, and soil fertility status. Iron poisoning is a physiological disease of plants with the main cause being high concentrations of Fe 2+ in soil solutions due to reductive conditions. This is related to poor drainage, low Eh values, deficiency of K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, and Mn, and low soil oxygen. Control of iron poisoning to increase rice productivity in the new openings tidal swamps can be done through water management technology, amelioration, fertilization, planting time management, and the use of tolerant varieties.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan Melalui Penerapan Teknologi Adaptif Dampak Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Wihardjaka Anicetus , Pramono Ali , Sutriadi Mas Teddy
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Optimalisasi lahan sawah tadah hujan memberikan kontribusi terhadap ketersediaan pangan nasional yang sebagian besar masih dipasok dari lahan optimal sawah beririgasi. Lahan suboptimal sawah tadah hujan berpotensi dalam mendukung ketersediaan pangan nasional. Lahan sawah tadah hujan sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim terutama cekaman kekeringan dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Antisipasi dampak perubahan iklim di lahan sawah tadah hujan dilakukan dengan penerapan teknologi adaptif dan sekaligus sebagai upaya mirigasi gas rumah kaca. Beberapa teknologi adaptif yang berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas padi sawah tadah hujan adalah penggunaan varietas unggul baru, penentuan waktu tanam dengan kalender tanam, pengelolaan sumberdaya air dengan teknologi embung, pengendalian OPT terpadu dan pengelolaan lahan. Teknologi mitigasi seperti pengairan berselang, penggunaan varietas rendah emisi, penggunaan bahan amelioran, pemupukan secara berimbang, dan integrasi tanaman padi – ternak efektif menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Integrasi tanaman pangan-ternak bebas limbah merupakan salah satu upaya mensinergiskan aksi adaptasi dan aksi mitigas terhadap perubahan iklim di ekosistem lahan sawah tadah hujan.

 

Abstract. Optimization of rainfed lowland rice contributes on national food availability which is still generally supplied from irrigated lowland rice. The sub-optimal rainfed lowland is quite susceptible to climate change impacts, especially drought stress and incidence of pests and diseases. Anticipating climate change impacts in rainfed lowland are approached by applying adaptive technology as well as greenhouse gase mitigation. Some adaptive technologies which potentially increase rainfed rice productivity are new superior varieties, cropping calendar for determining planting time, water resources management with small water reservoir, and integrated pests and diseases control. Some mitigation technologies such as intermittent irrigation, high yielding varieties with low emissions, ameliorant materials use, balanced fertilization, and integrated food crop-livestock reduce effectively greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed lowland rice areas. Integrated food crops-livestock with zero waste systems is one of synergic efforts between adaptation and mitigation actions on climate change impacts in ecosystems of rainfed lowland rice.
System for Assessing the Effectiveness of Temporary Blinding Devices
Authors: Terekhova M. S. , Rudikov S. I. , Shumski A. P. , Shkadarevich A. P.
Published: June 2020

The development of non-lethal weapons and, in particular, temporary blinding devices is associated with problem of choosing boundaries of effectiveness. The aim of present work is determination of criteria for estimation of the effects of visual jamming devices action on the naked eye.

The present-day scoring system used for effectiveness estimation of laser temporary blinding devices is based on maximum permissible exposure and/or accessible emission level defined for each hazard class in accordance with operating standard.

In the present work we carried out analysis and modeling of the cases of application of temporary blinding laser devices. The proposed scoring system was founded on international standard IEC 60825-1-2014 as well as Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety. The modeling of bright light action on observer eye was rested on CIE General Disability Glare Equation and provided quantitative description of jamming effectiveness. The main parameters used in this model and dictated by ambient light level and human eye characteristics, were veiling luminance and angle of distinguishing objects under it.

In terms of exposition level and perception effects we determined six zones – unallowed, hazard, temporary blinding, discomfort, alerting, completely safe. Proposed system combined with modeling provides with visual demonstration of perceived light source and allows to describe human physiological sensation and to establish the fact of jamming at different distances. This system was the basis of the development of temporary blinding device for revelation of safe but effective spatial boundaries of action.
About Possibility of Remote Diagnostics of the Respiratory System by Auscultation
Authors: Zaitseva E. G. , Chernetsky M. V. , Shevel N. A.
Published: June 2020

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist.

The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated.

Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs.
Implementation of the Spectral Method for Determining of Measuring Instruments' Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Sabitov A. F. , Safina I. A.
Published: June 2020

The spectral method for establishing dynamic response of measuring instruments basically requires determining the amplitude spectrum of the signal in its informative part that includes the amplitude spectrum at zero frequency. The operating frequency range of existing low-frequency spectrum analyzers is above zero frequency that leads to an uncertainty in dynamic response of measuring instruments determined by the spectral method. The purpose of this paper is to develop a program for calculating the signal amplitude spectrum, starting from zero frequency, to implement a spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments on computers equipped with the MatLab package.

To implement the spectral method for determining the dynamic response of measuring instruments, we developed a program in the MatLab 2013b environment that determines the signal amplitude spectrum from zero Hertz. The program reads the source data from Excel tables and presents the calculated amplitude spectrum as a chart and a report table.

It is shown that the developed program calculates the signal amplitude spectrum with a standard deviation of not more than 3.4 % in the frequency range of 0 to 10 rad/s. The calculated amplitude spectrum allows determining the time constant of first-order aperiodic measuring instruments with an uncertainty of not more than 0.166 % at any noise level, if their frequencies are outside the information part of the spectrum.

We demonstrated the claimed advantage of the spectral method for determining dynamic response using the developed program by the example of a high-frequency noise in the transient response of some measuring instruments.
Comprehensive analysis on phenotype and genetic basis of Chinese Fanconi anemia patients: dismal outcomes call for nationwide studies
Authors: Nie Daijing , Zhang Jing , Wang Fang , Zhang Wei , Liu Lili , Chen Xue , Zhang Yang , Cao Panxiang , Xiong Min , Wang Tong , Wu Ping , Ma Xiaoli , Tian Wenjun , Wang Mangju , Chen Kylan N. , Liu Hongxing
Published: June 2020

Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome with 22 related genes identified. The ALDH2 rs671variant has been proved related to accelerate the progression of BMF in FA patients. The phenotype and genetic basis of Chinese FA patients have not been investigated yet.Methods: We analyzed the 22 FA-related genes of 63 BMF patients suspected to be FA. Clinical manifestations, morphological and cytogenetic feathers, ALDH2 genotypes, treatment, and outcomes of the definite cases were retrospectively studied.Results: A total of 21 patients were confirmed the diagnosis of FA with the median age of BMF onset was 4-year-old. The number of patients manifested as congenital malformations and growth retardation were 20/21 and 14/21, respectively. BM dysplasia and cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 13/20 and 8/19 patients. All the patients with abnormal karyotypes also manifested as BM dysplasia or had evident blasts. Thirty-five different mutations were identified involving six genes and including twenty novel mutations. FANCA mutations contributed to 66.67% of cases. Eight patients harboring ALDH2-G/A genotype have a significantly younger age of BMF onset (p=0.025). Within the 19 patients adhering to continuous follow-up, 15 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs). During the 29 months of follow-up, 8/19 patients died, seven of which were HSCT-related, and one patient who did not receive HSCT died from severe infection.Conclusions: The phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Chinese FA patients is broad. Bone marrow dysplasia and cytogenetic abnormalities are prevalent and highly consistent. The overall outcome of HSCTs is disappointing. Nationwide multicenter studies are needed for the rarity and adverse outcome of this disease.
Photosynthesis, biomass and fine root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean agroforestry system
Authors: Liu Bin , Gao Pengxiang , Zhang Shuoxin
Published: June 2020

Background:Agroforestry system is regarded as a promising practice in sustainable agricultural management. However, the effects of long-term tree-based intercropping on crop remain poorly understood, especially in the Loess Plateau. In this study, the impacts of photosynthetic and respiration rate were determined by the portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400), and the effects of the root growth dynamics of soybean in walnut-soybean intercropping system were measured by soil auger and WinRHIZO root analysis system, in the Loess Plateau. Results:The results showed that soybean reached the highest net photosynthetic rate during flowering period, with the net photosynthetic rate of intercropped soybean, which was 20.40µmol·m-2·s-1, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. Soybean biomass reached the maximum during the pod-bearing period, with intercropped soybean biomass being 25.49g, significantly higher than that of its monocropped counterpart. The mean diameter and increased density of soybean fine roots reduced along with increased soil depth. Both the diameter (0.43mm) and increased density (930cm/dm3) of intercropped soybean fine roots were evidently higher than those of monocropped soybean(0.35mm, 780cm/dm3). With increasing cropping years, fine roots of intercropped soybean tended to be mainly distributed in soil at a depth between 0 and 20cm from the fifth year. Conclusion:Collectively, compared with soybean monoculture, walnut soybean agroforestry system is more conducive to soybean growth in the Loess Plateau.
Interleukin (IL)-25 suppresses IL-22 induced osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis via STAT3 and p38 MAPK/IκBα pathway
Authors: Min Hong Ki , Won Ji-Yeon , Kim Bo-Mi , Lee Kyung-Ann , Lee Seoung-Joon , Lee Sang-Heon , Kim Hae-Rim , Kim Kyoung-Woon
Published: June 2020

Background

The present study aimed to evaluate the suppressive role of interleukin (IL)-25 in IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) expression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Serum from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy controls, as well as synovial fluid from patients with RA and OA were collected, and the levels of IL-22 and IL-25 were measured. RA and OA synovial tissues were stained against IL-25. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of patients with RA were cultured with IL-22, in the presence or absence of IL-25, and RANKL expression was measured by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human peripheral blood monocytes were cultured under IL-22/RANKL + M-CSF, with or without IL-25, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and osteoclast-related markers were investigated to determine osteoclastogenesis.

Results

Serum and synovial IL-25 levels in RA were up-regulated compared to those in OA and healthy control, and elevated expression of IL-25 in RA synovial tissue was re-confirmed. IL-25 and IL-22 levels showed significant correlation in serum and synovial fluid. Pre-treatment of FLS with IL-25 reduced IL-22-induced RANKL expression at the RNA level. The suppressive effects of IL-25 were confirmed to occur through the STAT3 and p38 MAPK/IκBα pathways. IL-25 reduced osteoclast differentiation and suppressed the expression of osteoclast-related markers.

Conclusion

In the current study, we demonstrated the regulatory effect of IL-25 on IL-22-induced osteoclastogenesis. Therapeutic approach involving augmentation of IL-25 regulatory response may serve as a novel treatment option for RA, especially by suppressing osteoclastogenesis.
WITHDRAWN: Outcomes in patients with early stage uterine clear cell carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Jie , Zhuang Guanglei , Zhou Cheng , Chua Chee Wai , Zhang Yi , Corsi Daniel J. , Di Wen , Yin Xia
Published: June 2020

Background : Uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) is a rare histological type of endometrial cancer with poor prognosis and high risk of tumor relapse. Although adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT) are often recommended for early stage UCCC patients, the effectiveness of these treatment strategies remains unclear. Methods : Systematic review and meta-analysis were applied to evaluate treatment-related outcomes of stage I-II UCCC patients. Search strategy was applied using electronic databases until June 1st, 2019. Inclusion criteria were retrospective, observational and prospective studies that reported outcome of UCCC patients receiving adjuvant therapy. Clinical endpoints like overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and a meta-analysis was performed. Results : 12 articles with a total of 3845 patients were analyzed. Overall, adjuvant CT after surgery could improve 5 year-OS significantly compared to patients without CT (odds ratio (OR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.95; p=0.02). In comparison, RT could also improve OS in UCCC patients of early stage (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46-0.82; p=0.001) compared to the patients without RT, in US and Europe patients. Lastly, when comparing the patients undergoing both CT and RT with those receiving CT or RT alone, no further improvement in OS was observed (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.53-1.72; P=0.88). Conclusions : Either CT or RT after surgery could improve the OS of early stage of UCCC patients. However, combinatorial CT and RT treatment did not improve the OS compared with CT or RT treatment alone.
Enteroviral and Herpes Simplex Virus Central Nervous System Infections in Infants <90 Days Old: A Paediatric Investigators’ Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) Study
Authors: Petel Dara , Barton Michelle , Renaud Christian , Ouchenir Lynda , Brophy Jason , Bowes Jennifer , Khan Sarah , Bitnun Ari , McDonald Jane , Boisvert Andrée-Anne , Ting Joseph , Roberts Ashley , Robinson Joan
Published: June 2020

Background

The relative contribution of viruses to central nervous system (CNS) infections in young infants is not clear. For viral CNS infections, there are limited data on features that suggest HSV etiology or on predictors of unfavorable outcome.

Methods

In this cross-sectional retrospective study, seven centers from the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada identified infants <90 days of age with CNS infection proven to be due to enterovirus (EV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2014.

Results

Of 174 CNS infections with a proven etiology, EV accounted for 103 (59%) and HSV for 7 (4%). All HSV cases and 41 (40%) EV cases presented before 21 days of age. Four HSV cases (57%) and 5 EV cases (5%) had seizures. Three (43%) HSV and 23 (23 %) EV cases lacked cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. HSV cases were more likely to require ICU admission (p=0.010), present with seizures (p=0.031) and have extra-CNS disease (p<0.001). Poor long-term outcomes were more common in infants who had seizures.

Conclusions

Viruses accounted for approximately two-thirds of proven CNS infections in the first 90 days of life. Empiric therapy for HSV should be considered in suspected CNS infections in the first 21 days even in the absence of CSF pleocytosis unless CSF parameters are suggestive of bacterial meningitis.
Enteroviral and Herpes Simplex Virus Central Nervous System Infections in Infants <90 Days Old: A Paediatric Investigators’ Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada (PICNIC) Study
Authors: Petel Dara , Barton Michelle , Renaud Christian , Ouchenir Lynda , Brophy Jason , Bowes Jennifer , Khan Sarah , Bitnun Ari , McDonald Jane , Boisvert Andrée-Anne , Ting Joseph , Roberts Ashley , Robinson Joan
Published: June 2020

Background: The relative contribution of viruses to central nervous system (CNS) infections in young infants is not clear. For viral CNS infections, there are limited data on features that suggest HSV etiology or on predictors of unfavorable outcome. Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, seven centers from the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada identified infants <90 days of age with CNS infection proven to be due to enterovirus (EV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2014.Results: Of 174 CNS infections with a proven etiology, EV accounted for 103 (59%) and HSV for 7 (4%). All HSV cases and 41 (40%) EV cases presented before 21 days of age. Four HSV cases (57%) and 5 EV cases (5%) had seizures. Three (43%) HSV and 23 (23%) EV cases lacked cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. HSV cases were more likely to require ICU admission (p=0.010), present with seizures (p=0.031) and have extra-CNS disease (p<0.001). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 12 cases (11% of all EV and HSV infections) but was more likely following HSV than EV infection (4 (57%) versus 8 (8%); p=0.002). Conclusions: Viruses accounted for approximately two-thirds of proven CNS infections in the first 90 days of life. Empiric therapy for HSV should be considered in suspected CNS infections in the first 21 days even in the absence of CSF pleocytosis unless CSF parameters are suggestive of bacterial meningitis. Neurodevelopmental follow-up should be considered in infants whose course of illness is complicated by seizures.
Reduction of ureteral stent encrustation by modulating the urine pH and inhibiting the crystal film with a new oral composition: a m ulticenter, placebo controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Torrecilla Carlos , Fernández-Concha Jaime , Cansino José R. , Mainez Juan A. , Amón José H. , Costas Simbad , Angerri Oriol , Emiliani Esteban , Martín Miguel Arrabal , Polo Miguel Arrabal , García Ana , Reina Manuel C. , Sánchez Juan F. , Budía Alberto , Pérez-Fentes Daniel , Grases Félix , Costa-Bauzá Antonia , Cuñé Jordi
Published: June 2020

Background: Encrustation of ureteral double J stents is a common complication that may affect its removal. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new oral composition to prevent double J stent encrustation in indwelling times up to 8 weeks.Methods: A double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 105 patients with indwelling double J stents enrolled across 9 public hospitals in Spain. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into intervention (53 patients) or placebo (52 patients) groups for 3 to 8 weeks and both groups self-monitored daily their morning urine pH levels. The primary outcome of analysis was the degree of stent ends encrustation, defined by a 4-point score (0 – none; 3 – global encrustation) using macroscopic and electron microscopy analysis of crystals, after 3 to 8-w indwelling period. Score was exponentially transformed according to calcium levels. Secondary endpoints included urine pH decrease, stent removal, and incidence of adverse events.Results: The intervention group benefits from a lower global encrustation rate of stent ends than placebo group (1% vs 8.2%; p < 0.018). Mean encrustation score was 85.12 (274.5) in the placebo group and 18.91 (102.27) in the intervention group (p < 0.025). Considering the secondary end points, treated patients reported greater urine pH decreases (p = 0.002). No differences in the incidence of adverse events were identified between the groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of this new oral composition is beneficial in the context of ureteral double J indwelling by decreasing mean, as well as global encrustation.Trial registration: This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under the name “Combined Use of a Medical Device and a Dietary Complement in Patient Urinary pH Control in Patients With an Implanted Double J Stent” with date 2nd November 2017, code NCT03343275, and URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03343275?term=NCT03343275&draw=2&rank=1
The evaluation of the distance between the popliteus tendon and the lateral collateral ligament footprint and the implant in Total Knee Arthroplasty using a 3-dimensional template.
Authors: Takubo Akihito , Ryu Keinosuke , Iriuchishima Takanori , Nagaoka Masahiro , Tokuhashi Yasuaki , Aizawa Shin
Published: June 2020

Background The popliteus tendon (PT) or lateral collateral ligament (LCL) stabilizes the postero-lateral aspects of the knees. When surgeons perform total knee arthroplasty (TKA), PT and LCL iatrogenic injuries are a risk because the femoral attachments are relatively close to the femoral bone resection area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distance between the PT or LCL footprint and the TKA implant using a 3D template system and to evaluate any significant differences according to the implant model.Methods Eighteen non-paired formalin fixed cadaveric lower limbs were used (average age: 80.3). Whole length lower limbs were resected from the pelvis. All the surrounding soft tissue except the PT, knee ligaments and meniscus were removed from the limb. Careful dissection of the PT and LCL was performed, and the femoral footprints were detected. Each footprint periphery was marked with a 1.5 mm K-wire. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of the whole lower limb was then performed. The CT data was analyzed with a 3D template system. This simulation models for TKA were the Journey II BCS and the Persona PS. The area of each footprint, and the length between the most distal and posterior point of the lateral femoral condyle and the edge of each footprint were measured. Matching the implant model to the CT image of the femur, the shortest length between each footprint and the bone resection area were calculated.Results PT and LCL footprint were detected in all knees. The area of the PT and LCL footprints was 38.7±17.7mm2 and 58.0±24.6mm2, respectively. The length between the most distal and posterior point of the lateral femoral condyle and the edge of the PT footprint was 10.3±2.4mm and 14.2±2.8mm, respectively. The length between most distal and most posterior point of the lateral femoral condyle and the edge of the LCL footprint was 16.3±2.3mm and 15.5±3.3mm, respectively. Under TKA simulation, the shortest length between the PT footprint and the femoral bone resection area for the Journey II BCS and the Persona PS was 4.3±2.5mm and 3.2±2.9mm, respectively. The shortest length between the LCL footprint and the femoral bone resection area for the Journey II BCS and the Persona PS was 7.2±2.3mm and 5.6±2.1mm, respectively. The PT attachment was damaged by the bone resection of the Journey II BCS and the Persona PS TKA in 3 and 9 knees, respectively.Conclusion The PT and LCL femoral attachments existed close to the femoral bone resection area of the TKA. To prevent postero-lateral instability in TKA, careful attention is needed to avoid damage to the PT and LCL during surgical procedures.
Genetic polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea and global comparative analysis
Authors: Huang Hui-Ying , Liang Xue-Yan , Lin Li-Yun , Chen Jiang-Tao , Ehapo Carlos Salas , Eyi Urbano Monsuy , Li Jian , Jiang Ting-Ting , Zheng Yu-Zhong , Zha Guang-Cai , Xie Dong-De , He Jin-Quan , Chen Wei-Zhong , Liu Xiang-Zhi , Mo Huan-Tong , Chen Xin-Yao , Lin Min
Published: June 2020

Background Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) is a potential malaria vaccine candidate, but various polymorphisms of the pfcsp gene among global P. falciparum population become the major barrier to the effectiveness of vaccines. This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms and natural selection of pfcsp in Bioko and the comparison among global P. falciparum population.Methods From January 2011 to December 2018, 148 blood samples were collected from P. falciparum infected Bioko patients and 96 monoclonal sequences of them were successfully acquired and analysed with 2200 global pfcsp sequences mined from MalariaGEN Pf3k Database and NCBI. Results In Bioko, the N-terminus of pfcsp showed limited genetic variations and the numbers of repetitive sequences (NANP/NVDP) were mainly found as 40 (35%) and 41 (34%) in central region. Most polymorphic characters were found in Th2R/Th3R region, where natural selection (p>0.05) and recombination occurred. The overall pattern of Bioko pfcsp gene had no obvious deviation from African mainland pfcsp (Fst=0.00878, p<0.05). The comparative analysis of Bioko and global pfcsp displayed the various mutation patterns and obvious geographic differentiation among populations from four continents (p<0.05). The global pfcsp C-terminal sequences were clustered into 138 different haplotypes (H_1 to H_138). Only 3.35% of sequences matched 3D7 strain haplotype (H_1). Conclusions The genetic polymorphism phenomena of pfcsp were found universal in Bioko and global isolates and the majority mutations located at T cell epitopes. Global genetic polymorphism and geographical characteristics were recommended to be considered for future improvement of malaria vaccine design.
Non-immune-mediated versus immune-mediated type 1 diabetes diagnosis and long-term differences. Retrospective analysis.
Authors: Catarino Diana , Silva Diana , Guiomar Joana , Ribeiro Cristina , Ruas Luísa , Cardoso Luís , Paiva Isabel
Published: June 2020

Background: The American Diabetes Association proposed two subcategories for type 1 diabetes mellitus : type 1A or immune-mediated diabetes (IDM) and type 1B or idiopathic diabetes. The absence of β-cell autoimmune markers, permanent insulinopenia and prone to ketoacidosis define the second category, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. Only a minority of patients fall into this category, also designated non-immune-mediated (NIDM), which is considered by several authors similar to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences at the diagnosis and ten years later of two categories. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with β-cell autoimmune markers performed at diagnosis and undetectable c-peptide. Were excluded patients with suspicion of another specific type of diabetes. We obtained two groups: IDM (≥ 1 positive antibody) and NIDM (negative antibodies). Age, family history, anthropometry, duration of symptoms, clinical presentation, blood glucose at admission, A1C, lipid profile, arterial hypertension, total diary dose of insulin (TDDI), microvascular and macrovascular complications were evaluated. Results were considered statistically significant with p<0.05. Results: 37 patients, 29 with IDM and 8 patients with NIDM. The age of diagnosis of IDM group (23 years) was significantly different (p=0.004) from the NIDM group (38.1). The body mass index (BMI) at the diagnosis did not differ significantly (p=0.435). The duration of symptoms was longer in the NIDM (p=0.003). The disease presentation (p=0.744), blood glucose (p=0.482) and HbA1C (p=0.794) at admission and TDID at discharge (p=0.301) did not differ significantly. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in NIDM group but did not differ significantly (p=0.585 and p=0.579, respectively). After ten years BMI did not differ between groups(p=0.079). Patients with IDM showed a significantly higher HbA1C (p=0,008) and TDID (p=0.017). Relative to the lipid profile, there was no significant difference, however the LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were higher on the NIDM group, as the percentage of hypertension. Microvascular complications were higher in the IDM group, but no significant difference was found. Conclusion: Patients with IDM had a poor metabolic control and higher insulin requirement. Patients with NIDM were older and showed higher cardiovascular risk, resembling a clinical phenotype of type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers in Adigrat University student’s cafeteria, Northern Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Legese Haftom , Kahsay Tsega , Gebrewahd Aderajew , Berhe Brhane , Fseha Berhane , Tadesse Senait , Gebremariam Guesh , Negash Hadush , Mardu Fitsum , Tesfay Kebede , Adhanom Gebre
Published: June 2020

Background: Food handlers play a significant role in the transmission of foodborne infections. Salmonella and Shigella are the most common foodborne pathogens and their infections are a major public health problem globally. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2018 at Adigrat University student cafeteria, Northern Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic and associated factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Fresh stool samples were collected from 301 food handlers and transported to Adigrat University Microbiology Laboratory. Bacterial isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using standard bacteriological methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and P < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 301 food handlers were included in this study. The majority of study participants were females 265 (88.0 %). About 22 (7.3%) and 11 (3.7%) of food handlers were found to be positive for Salmonella and Shigella respectively. Hand washing after using a bathroom with water only, hand washing after using the bathroom, hand washing after touching dirty materials, hand washing before food handling, and fingernails status were significant associated factors identified. None of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates were sensitive to ampicillin. On the other hand, low resistance was found for chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: The present study revealed that the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among food handlers was 22 (7.3%) and 11 (3.7%) respectively. Such colonized food handlers can contaminate food, drinks and could serve as a source of infection to consumers via the food chain. This indicates that there is a need for strengthened infection control measures to prevent Salmonella and Shigella transmission in the students’ cafeteria.
Scaled-Up Nutrition Education on Pulse-Cereal Complementary Food Practice in Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Teshome Getenesh Berhanu , Whiting Susan J. , Green Timothy J. , Mulualem Demelash , Henry Carol J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Improving children's weight status through nutrition education (NE) for mothers about using pulses in complementary feeding has been demonstrated in pilot studies, but no effect on stunting was reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 9-month pulse-nutrition education program on mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards pulses, as well as its impact on children's dietary diversity, and nutritional status. The NE was delivered by Health Extension Workers (HEWs).

Methods

A cluster randomized study was employed for the community-based interventional study. Twelve randomly selected villages in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia were included in the study. A total of 772 mother-child pairs involved in the study; where 386 mother-child pairs in the intervention group received additional messages about pulse-cereal complementary food, and 386 pairs (the control) received only routine health education for 9 months. A survey on mothers’ KAP and anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at baseline, midline, and endline.

Results

At baseline and endline, maternal KAP and the dietary diversity score of the children (mean age at endline 18.8 ± 2.9 mo) were assessed. Results : Intervention mothers’ KAP improved ( p <0.001) at midline and endline compared to that of the control group, as did frequency of pulse consumption and DDS among children. At 9 months, the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control group ( p =0.001).

Conclusions

NE delivered by HEWs improved KAP of mothers regarding pulse consumption and dietary diversity of children led to improved nutritional status of the children. Training HEWs on the use of pulses for CF may be an effective way to improve the health of children in Ethiopian communities.
Efficacy of brief dynamic interpersonal therapy in patients with major depressive disorder: a prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Wang Qian , Jiang Wenhui , Luo Jianfeng , Tong Jun , Li Xiaosi , Fang Fang , Wang Hongyan , Zhao Wenqing , Koszycki Diana , Qiu Jianyin
Published: June 2020

Background: In China, psychodynamic psychotherapies are widely used as a treatment for depression. However, very few efficacy studies of psychodynamic therapies have been conducted with the Chinese population. This paper describes a study protocol of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of Dynamic Interpersonal Psychotherapy (DIT), a brief manualized depression-focused intervention, in Chinese adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Recruitmemt is planned in five hospitals. 240 patients with MDD will be randomly allocated on a 1:1:1 basis to either medication plus DIT, medication plus an active control psychotherapy, or medication alone. Patients will be assessed at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 during the acute treatment phase, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months posttreatment. The primary outcome is change from baseline in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, administered by independent raters who are blind to treatment allocation. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, response, remission and relapse rates, self-assessment of overall efficacy and satisfaction of patients, and side effect profiles are secondary measures. Discussion: This will be the first multicentered RCT in China to assess the efficacy of a brief psychodynamic intervention for MDD. The study has the potential to inform clinical treatment guidelines for the treatment of depression in China. Trial registration: ChiCTR，ChiCTR1800016970， Registered on July 5th 2018. Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=28786.