bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of scrub typhus patients in a tertiary care centre in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Ritin , Lal Roshan , Mahajan Sanjay , Chaudhary Satish
Published: August 2019

Background: Scrub typhus a zoonotic disease caused by gram negative bacteria O. tsutsugamushi, is endemic in Himachal Pradesh. This illness occurs mainly in monsoon and post monsoon season. study design of  this study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Himachal Pradesh between July 2015 and June 2016. All the indoor patients with age above 18 years with a diagnosis of scrub typhus were included in this study.Results: Out of total 180 patients, 130 were female patients. Most patients were in the age group 21-30 (23.3%). All the patients presented with history of fever, but 54 patients presented with high grade fever. Other Most common symptom was chills and rigours (81%), followed by vomiting and headache each 32%, cough 31%. On examination 21% patients had eschar,14% patients had lymphadenopathy. Most number of patients presented in the month of September (51.6%), followed by August (33.3%).Conclusion: Scrub typhus being an important differential of acute undifferentiated fever in this region, should not be missed by primary care physicians, as once multi organ dysfunction sets in, mortality rate starts rising. So, there is a high need of sensitization of doctors and people about this illness so that early diagnosis and early treatment can be ensured.
Vacuum assisted closure versus total contact casting in the healing of plantar foot ulcers: a comparative prospective study
Authors: Challapalli Srikanth Reddy , Peddavenkatagari Theja , Sukanya Chanda , Gandikota Venkataprakash , Srimanthula Venkata Praveena , Potluri Bharathi
Published: August 2019

Background: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of vacuum assisted closure (VAC) and total contact casting (TCC) in the healing of plantar foot ulcers. Chronic leg ulcers are a significant cause of morbidity in developing countries like India, leading to excessive health care expenses and loss of effective work hours, inspite of availability of various novel modalities of management. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of vacuum assisted closure and total contact casting in the healing in plantar foot ulcers, in order to standardise a procedure with maximum benefits.Methods: This comparative prospective study was conducted on 150 individuals admitted to SVRRGG Hospital, Tirupati, with the diagnosis of plantar foot ulcers from august 2017 to march 2019. They were divided into 2 groups, Group A (75 patients treated with VAC) and Group B (75 patients treated with TCC). In this study, the outcomes assessed were reduction of wound size and length of hospital stay.Results: In this study, mean reduction of wound surface area with VAC and TCC was 21.09 and 12.83 respectively, mean percentage of reduction of wound size with VAC is 90.43 and in TCC was 52.36. Mean hospital stay with VAC and TCC was 24.90 days and 51.29 days respectively.Conclusions: VAC is more effective than TCC in the treatment of foot ulcers, with less duration of hospital stay and earlier returns to work.
ICDS: is it reaching the all child beneficiaries?
Authors: Kumar N. Pragathi , Ramchandra Tagaram
Published: August 2019

Background: The beneficiaries under the scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers, women in the age group of 15-44 years and adolescent girls in selected blocks. Irrespective of caste, religion, socioeconomic status all beneficiaries are eligible for availing of services under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme. BPL is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS2. Present study is to recognize whether all categories of people are utilizing the services or not irrespective of economic status, religion etc.Methods: Descriptive observational study done for period of one year, sampling done by multi stage (random) method. Study conducted in ICDS centers in the field practicing area of Kakatiya medical college Warangal, Telangana, India. 622 children from 31 anganwadi centres of 0 to 6 year age were included.Results: Majority (71.7%) were belongs to ‘0 to 3’ years of age group, male (50%) and female (50%) were equally in distribution. majority (78.3%) were Hindus. Majority parents (father-84.9, mother 84.2) were literates and mothers were unemployed/housewives, fathers were skilled workers (28%) followed by farmers (22%). Majority were (35.4%) belonged to middle, followed by lower middle (30.2%) level of socio economic status.Conclusions: There were less number of 3 to 6 years age category population in the study, means that age group is not getting covered properly by ICDS. Two extremes (higher and lower categories) of education, occupation, socio economic status parents were not properly utilising the ICDS services for their children.
Роль образовательной среды в формировании цифровых навыков
Authors: Горскина Людмила Степановна , Пропп Оксана Викторовна
Published: August 2019

Инновационное развитие России требует определенных знаний, умений и навыков в области цифровой экономики, поэтому система образования должна меняться и быть ориентирована на обретение цифровых навыков как для личного пользования граждан, так и для их профессиональной деятельности. В связи с эти особую актуальность приобретают вопросы формирования базовых и профессиональных навыков в области цифровой экономики с использованием различных моделей обучения. В статье описаны формальные, неформальные и информальные модели обучения, сформулированы принципы реализации данных моделей, рассмотрены направления получения цифровых навыков с различных позиций: интереса обучающегося, применения знаний, способов получения знаний, интереса сторон, формы обучения. Предложены критерии оценки цифровых навыков, знаний, умений с позиции интереса обучающегося и применения знаний
Методические подходы к формализованной оценке закономерностей и тенденций развития блокчейн технологий в регионах
Authors: Сафиуллин Марат Рашитович , Абдукаева Алия Айдаровна , Ельшин Леонид Алексеевич
Published: August 2019

В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции развития цифровой экономики в регионах России через призму одной из наиболее прогрессивной и востребованной ее компоненты – блокчейн технологий. Ключевой особенностью исследования является предложенная предварительная версия концептуального подхода к количественной оценке индекса репутационного капитала региона в сфере блокчейн технологий, что позволяет осуществить переход от качественных оценок развития исследуемого процесса и его влияния на ключевые параметры регионального развития, к формализованным, основанным на применении методов экономико-статистического моделирования.
Осуществлена оценка динамики репутационного капитала регионов Приволжского федерального округа в сфере блокчейн технологий за период с 2010 по 2018гг. Полученные данные демонстрируют возрастающий, волнообразный тренд агрегированного индекса. Определены регионы – лидеры по уровню развития блокчейн технологий и отстающие территории с последующей аргументацией выявленных закономерностей, обуславливающих дифференцированный характер региональной «блокчейнизации».
Разработанный и апробированный методический инструментарий количественной оценки уровня проникновения блокчейн технологий в региональную социально-экономическую среду формирует устойчивые основы для проведения научно-исследовательских работ, направленных на определение перспектив развития регионов, идентификации их конкурентоспособности в текущих и будущих условиях перехода на новый тип экономического роста, основанного на парадигме цифровой экономики и глобализации хозяйственных процессов
CLAIM MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK UNDER FIDIC 2017: CONTRACTOR CLAIM SUBMISSION
Authors: EL-Ghrory Ahmed , Bin Tahir Md. Nor Hayati , Ismail Norain Binti
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the study: The objective of this research is to develop a framework for managing the claim document. The contractual and management issues will be considered in this framework to enhance the Claims Management System (CMS). The framework includes the mechanism of claim submission based on Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs Conseils (FIDIC) 2017 clauses and procedures.

Methodology: Qualitative methodology has been selected for this paper as the topic requires a collection of sensitive information from an experienced professional. The proposed CM framework developed based on, a study conducted to rank the feature required for CMS. This study has been conducted among 43 experts in Claims Management (CM) field working on contractor firm’s category A. Then, the framework verified by 7 experts who participate in the first study.

Main Findings:  Eleven features were required for CMS that can enhance contractor claim submission. These factors have a different level of importance. The top three factors are Tracking Claim Status (99.5%), Supporting all types of document (96.3%), Centralized Database (93.0%). Based on these features, the proposed framework developed to improve contractor claim submission.

Applications of this study: Applying the proposed framework will reduce human effort in getting document related to claims by its systematic recording, transparency, a reminder feature, contractual guide, friendly user and other features of the system. Moreover, it will provide the contractual support pursuant to FIDIC 2017 clauses.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The framework will improve contractor claim submission and the contractor will be satisfied by claim resolution and engineer determination. Side by side the framework will save about 50% of time consumed (d is missing) by the claims analysts that usually spent in collecting information, screening and identifying related claim event document in the project’s documentation.
Largo Plazo y Plan Nacional de Desarrollo
Authors: Trujillo Alfaro Jorge Luis , Garay Forero Juan Carlos
Published: August 2019

La Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 implementó herramientas de planeación económica para alcanzar el desarrollo económico en el largo plazo. Sin embargo, estableció que cada Gobierno debe implementar un Plan Nacional de Desarrollo. Este escrito explica la interpretación legal de la expresión “largo plazo” en un contexto en que las herramientas regulatorias también son relevantes para alcanzar los objetivos del desarrollo económico.
Derechos Humanos, Administración y control judicial
Authors: Rotondo Tornaría Felipe
Published: August 2019

La persona humana, origen y fin del Estado, posee derechos inherentes a su personalidad que este reconoce y debe proteger. La Administración está para servir al público, lo que legitima el ejercicio de poderes que el ordenamiento establece. El Estado democrático y social de Derecho se basa radicalmente en los valores de la libertad e igualdad y es promotor de los derechos fundamentales, incluidos los sociales. A su respecto, los órganos jurisdiccionales son relevante garantía y ningún asunto les es ajeno
An Unstudied Compilation with the Name of Andrew the Apostle
Authors: Miltenova Anissava
Published: August 2019

The paper presents an unstudied text with the name of the Apostle Andrew in the miscellany of 15th c., now Muz.10272, Rashka orthography. The text (with traces of archaic archetype) is a unique copy of the compilation. The history of the manuscript is very interesting, because it belonged to the A. Hilferding collection in the past. The aim of the author is to propose a preliminary analysis of the text, its origin and chronology, as well as its context in the Slavic tradition.
Entre milagros, prodigios, maravillas, portentos y favores: san Pedro Nolasco y el certamen poético mexicano de 1633
Authors: Locke Jessica C.
Published: August 2019

In this article, we study the notions of milagro, prodigio, maravilla, portento and favor (miracle, wonder, marvel, portent in its positive sense, and favor) in accordance with the use of these terms in the manuscript that contains the 1633 Mexican poetry contest in honor of St. Peter Nolasco. We study their use in the first seven competitions within the contest, as well as in the call for participants for the competitions and in the introductory and complementary texts written by friar Juan de Alavés, the secretary of the contest, and we relate the events that are poeticized in the competitions with their corresponding hagiographical and/or historical circumstances. We also include examples of the contest’s winning poetry and of the prose texts from the manuscript in which the five above-mentioned terms are included, in order to show how these terms serve to underscore the messages that are implicit throughout the manuscript, regarding Nolasco’s greatness, his enjoyment of divine grace, and the merits that had made him worthy of having been canonized, which had been achieved in 1628. This article represents a by-product of the project that consisted of editing, studying, analyzing and doing research on the contest in order to prepare the critical edition of the manuscript.
CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN LA CAFETERÍA PRINCIPAL DE LA DIVISIÓN ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS-UJAT
Authors: García Ricárdez Jhonnatan del Jesús , Magaña Villegas Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Los estudios de calidad del aire en espacios cerrados en instituciones educativas son relevantes porque brindan información sobre las concentraciones de los contaminantes, su impacto en la salud, y el rendimiento de los estudiantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la calidad del aire con base a los contaminantes: material particulado y monóxido de carbono, además de parámetros de confort, los cuales se midieron dentro de la cafetería durante ocho horas diarias por cuatro semanas. Posteriormente, fueron comparados con las normas mexicanas y estándares internacionales. Adicionalmente, se realizó una encuesta a estudiantes para evaluar su percepción sobre la calidad del aire. Se obtuvo que los contaminantes se elevan peligrosamente durante la cocción. El material particulado se mantuvo por encima de los límites máximos permisibles durante todo el día. La mala ventilación favoreció la acumulación de contaminantes. El 66% de los encuestados percibieron que existe mala calidad del aire.
CONOCIMIENTO TRADICIONAL, ¿UNA ALTERNATIVA AL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO?
Authors: Mayo Mendoza Milca
Published: August 2019

Las comunidades indígenas son los primeros en afrontar los efectos del cambio climático, debido a la estrecha relación y dependencia al ambiente y su condición de vulnerabilidad al no tener información al respecto. Sin embargo, estas comunidades han sabido interpretar los efectos del cambio climático y han actuado ante ellos para minimizar sus pérdidas en cuando a su productividad. En este escrito se señalan algunos ejemplos de casos en el continente americano y la manera en que éstas prácticas contribuyen a las adaptaciones en los países. Dichas prácticas tradicionales muestran un especial manejo agroecológico que hoy en día, puede ser útil para afrontar los cambios acelerados del clima y además, muestran cómo hacer un buen uso de los recursos disponibles a partir de información local. Las prácticas tradicionales forman parte de las opciones para incrementar la capacidad de adaptación frente al cambio climático.
MÉTODOS ex situ DE RECUPERACIÓN TERCIARIA DE PETRÓLEO EMPLEANDO MICROORGANISMOS
Authors: García Frías Fátima , Fócil Monterrubio Reyna Lourdes , Ojeda Morales Marcia Eugenia , Hernández Rivera Miguel Ángel , Ojeda Morales Uri Marcial
Published: August 2019

El petróleo es la principal materia prima usada como energético. En él se basa la economía de muchos países. Su utilidad estriba en su capacidad de transformación, como el caso de los combustibles. Sin embargo, el descenso en la producción mundial ha impulsado la búsqueda de métodos de recuperación mejorada de petróleo que además impacten lo menos posible los ecosistemas. Estos métodos son probados en condiciones controladas de laboratorio antes de ser aplicados en campo. En la literatura se reportan diversos métodos, que se describen en la presente investigación. Todos hacen uso de microorganismos y sus productos metabólicos. La eficiencia entre un método y otro depende de la geología del yacimiento y de las características biológicas de los microorganismos empleados en la recuperación del petróleo.
PROPAGACIÓN DE PLANTAS DE CACAO MEDIANTE INJERTOS
Authors: Peña López Jorge Luis
Published: August 2019

La producción y cosecha de cacao a nivel mundial y regional se ha visto afectada por diversos factores, siendo las enfermedades fungosas las principales. El tener cultivadas plantas resistentes a estas enfermedades brinda la posibilidad de cosechar un mayor número de frutos sanos, lo que se ve reflejado en una mayor productividad e incrementa el ingreso económico de las familias productoras. Uno de los métodos que más se utilizan es el injerto de variedades genéticas con características de interés agronómico (variedades élite) disminuye las problemáticas de baja producción y presencia de enfermedades. Existen diversos métodos para propagar cacao, pero dentro de este trabajo solo se aborda el proceso de enjertación debido a su alta eficacia en la región.
Proliferation and apoptosis of experimental animal’s lymphocytes after multiple transplantation of immune cells from opposite behavioral types of donors carried out in the juvenile period
Authors: Markova E. V. , Anikeeva O. S. , Savkin I. V. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to determine subpopulation content, proliferative activity and T-lymphocyte apoptosis level in adult mice-recipients that in the juvenile period underwent multiple transplantation of immune cells with different functional properties from opposite behavioral types of donors. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male mice (CBAxC57BL/6) F1 (n = 190), which underwent transplantation of immune cells with definite functional properties three times starting from the age of 4–5-weeks. Phenotyping of recipients’ spleen cells was carried out by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies against CD3+, СD4+, CD8+. Splenocyte proliferation and apoptosis were estimated. Results. Animals that underwent threefold transplantation of immune cells from singeing opposite behavioral types of donors in the juvenile period revealed different functional properties of spleen lymphocytes in adults. The most pronounced changes were detected in the animals receiving the immune cells from donors with passive behavior type. The lymphocytes of these recipients were characterized by relatively low proliferative activity and T-mytogen sensitivity, decreased CD4+, CD8+ apoptosis level under deficient medium conditions and increased level of activation and dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in CD4+ lymphocytes.
Intrastromal implantation of track-etchedmembranes overlaid by prenatal stromal cells for bullous keratopathy in the experiment
Authors: Filippova E. O. , Krivosheina O. I. , Khlusov I. A. , Pichugin V. F. , Dzyuman A. N. , Zaitsev K. V.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the research is to study the possibility of using track-etched membrane, including track-etched membranes modified with cold plasma, followed by layering prenatal stem cells (PSC) on the material surface in surgical treatment of bullous keratopathy (BK). Materials and methods. The track membranes made of polyethylene terephthalate were obtained by irradiating the polymeric film with the 40Ar+8ion beams and by chemical etching. The study was conducted on 16 rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani), which after BK modelling were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group was a control group of 4 animals (4 eyes); the 2nd group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted TM; the 3rd group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted TM with PSC; the 4th group was a group of 4 animals (4 eyes) into which were implanted plasma modified TM with PSC. TM was obtained by irradiating the PET film with 40Ar + 8 ions and subsequent chemical etching. The eyes were enucleated for histological examination after 8 weeks from the start of the experiment. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the implantation of TM with a preliminary layeringof human PSC promotes the growth of the fibroblast population in the cornea stroma and intensifies leukocyte (lymphocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes) infiltration as opposed to the implantation of PET TM without a cellular component. In addition, the implantation of TM contributes to a twofold decrease in the cornea edema induced by BK. Modification of TM with cold plasma did not affect the studied histomorphometric parameters. Conclusion. The implantation of TM based on PET during bullous keratopathy contributed to the development of the productive phase of infiltrative inflammation in the cornea of the eye. Pre-layering of human PSC reduced the severity of destructive changes in the rabbit cornea after BK modeling. The modification of TM by cold plasma did not affect the studied histomorphometric parameters.
Сell-free D N A in follicular fluid of women with different parameters of ovarian function
Authors: Andreeva E. A. , Khonina N. A. , Demchenko E. N. , Gavrilova E. D. , Pasman N. M. , Kozlov V. A. , Chernykh E. R.
Published: August 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the follicular fluid (FF) of women undergoing IVF treatment and to analyze the relationship between cfDNA levels and the parameters of folliculogenesis and oogenesis as well as the quality of embryos. Materials and methods. The study included 53 women aged 20 to 45 years. In 49 patients, oocytes were obtained by stimulating ovulation with gonadotropins, and 4 patients underwent natural cycle IVF without hormonal stimulation. Measurement of cfDNA was carried out by fluorimetry using QuantiFluor™ Handheld Fluorometers (BioSilica, Russian Federation). Results. The FF of women with ovulation stimulation revealed a higher level of cfDNA as opposed to FF of women in the natural cycle. There were no differences in the cfDNA levels in women with infertility and oocyte donors. Women with infertility lasting for more than 5 years had a higher level of cfDNA. Women with the elevated anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were characterized by the high FF cfDNA concentration and a large number of follicles. Likewise, correlation analysis showed that FF cfDNA was significantly and positively correlated with the AMH level. The obtained data revealed the participation of cfDNA in different stages of oogenesis. Conclusions. The level of FF cfDNA in women may serve as an additional biomarker of the effectiveness of ovulation induction.
Endotypes of allergic rhinitis and asthma accompanying food allergy
Authors: Klimov A. V. , Isaev P. Yu. , Klimov V. V. , Sviridova V. S.
Published: August 2019

61 people suffering from persistent allergic rhinitis and asthma accompanying food allergies were studied using case histories, the NHANES questionnaire, polyspecific serum levels, allergen-specific IgE, IL4, IFNg and IL10 assays, and allergy skin tests. Four different endotypes have been identified, including entopic, which can be the basis for new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Development and properties of a new doxorubicin carrier based on surface-modified iron zero-valent microparticles with high encapsulation efficiency and the possibility of its controlled release
Authors: Di Martino A. , Vlasov S. S. , Guryev A. M. , Yusubov M. S. , Postnikov P. S. , Belousov M. V.
Published: August 2019

Currently, chemotherapy combined with surgery and radiation therapy is the most effective treatment for cancer. At the same time, the use of this method is accompanied by serious side effects caused by the lack of specificity of most chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, the development of drug delivery systems (DDS) capable of addressing a chemotherapeutic agent to cancer cells, as well as its controlled release, is a promising approach for the effective treatment of cancer. The aim of the study is to synthesize a new DDS based on surface-modified microparticles of zero-valent iron, to study its properties as a carrier of a chemotherapeutic agent (encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, possibility of controlled release of a chemotherapeutic agent) and safety. Materials and methods. The microparticles were synthesised by reduction of iron (III) chloride with sodium borohydride followed by in situ surface modification by 4-carboxybenzyldiazonium tosylate. To confirm the occurrence of the reaction, FTIR spectroscopy (Nicolet iS5 Infrared Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, USA)) was used. Hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge of the microparticles in solution were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and z-potential. DOX release studies were performed in simulated physiological conditions (pH 3.3; 5.5; 7.4) to evaluate the effect of the external pH on the release rate. Release studies under ultrasound irradiation were performed simultaneously in the same conditions. The effect of surface modification on encapsulation efficiency was evaluated at various pH values (3.3; 5.5; 7.4) and doxorubicin concentrations (0.2; 0.35; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0 mg/ml). To demonstrate the safety of the developed system, cytotoxicity studies were performed on HeLa cell lines (ATCC® CCL-2™). Results. An original method of preparation of the drug carrier, based on iron zero-valent microparticleswith covalently attached chitosan (Fe-CS) on their surface was proposed. Prepared microparticles demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity of DOX (0.9 mg per 1 mg of FeCS microparticles), low cytotoxicity and also a possibility to modulate the release rate by ultrasound irradiation and by changing pH of the external environment. Conclusion. A carrier based on microparticles of zero-valent iron with covalently attached to the surface chitosan (Fe-CS) was obtained. The efficiency of encapsulation, the loading capacity of doxorubicin was determined and the possibility of its controlled release under the influence of an ultrasonic field at different pH values was confirmed. In an in vitro experiment on the HeLa cell line (ATCC® CCL-2™), no toxicity was established for all samples (Fe0, Fe-COOH и Fe-CS), regardless of their concentration.
Developing ANFIS-PSO Model to Predict Mercury Emissions in Combustion Flue Gases
Authors: Shamshirband Shahab , Hadipoor Masoud , Baghban Alireza , Mosavi Amir , Bukor Jozsef , R. Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária
Published: August 2019

Accurate prediction of mercury content emitted from fossil-fueled power stations is of utmost importance for environmental pollution assessment and hazard mitigation. In this paper, mercury content in the output gas of power stations’ boilers was predicted using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method integrated with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The input parameters of the model include coal characteristics and the operational parameters of the boilers. The dataset has been collected from 82 power plants and employed to educate and examine the proposed model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid model of ANFIS-PSO model, the statistical meter of MARE% was implemented, which resulted in 0.003266 and 0.013272 for training and testing, respectively. Furthermore, relative errors between acquired data and predicted values were between -0.25% and 0.1%, which confirm the accuracy of the model to deal nonlinearity and representing the dependency of flue gas mercury content into the specifications of coal and the boiler type.
Economic growth and height of youth: a panel data analysis on 27 provinces in China, 1985–2014
Authors: YU Ke Hong , Gan Xiao Mei , WEN Xu
Published: August 2019

Background: This study aimed to empirically examine the influence of China’s macroeconomic development on the height of Chinese youth in the past 30 years, using provincial panel data collected from more than one million children.
Methods: Panel data from seven longitudinal surveys (1985, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2014) of the Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health, including students aged 7–22 years from 27 provinces, were utilized for data analysis. Fixed-effects models were used to estimate the association between economic growth and height.
Results: For every 1% increase in per capita disposable income (PCDI), the average height of students significantly increased by approximately 0.009%. Stated another way, this implies that a doubling of income is associated with 0.9% increase in height, which is significant for height. The coefficient of PCDI in the last decade is higher than that of in the early two decades. The average height of boys was approximately 3.9% higher than that of girls. The average height difference between high and low ages in the sample was 1.9%. The impact of policies on students' height was extremely small and may have little practical significance.
Conclusion: China’s economic growth has a significant positive effect on the height of urban Chinese students without stagnation.
Individual and Area Level Factors of Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016: Multilevel Modeling
Authors: Weldemariam Kibrom Taame , Gezae Kebede Embaye , Abebe Haftom Temesgen , Tsegay Tsegay Teklu
Published: August 2019

Background

Low birth weight is one of the critical issues in Ethiopia that causes many babies’ short- term and long-term health consequences. In Ethiopia, low birth weight is increasing; however, limited evidences of multilevel factors associated with low birth weight in the study setting, Ethiopia.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess individual and area level factors of Low Birth Weight in Ethiopia: from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016.

Methods

The data were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. For analysis a sample of 2110 birth weights within five years preceding the survey were included. The analysis was carried out using STATA software version 14. A two level mixed effects logistic regression analysis was used to estimate both the fixed effects of the individual and contextual factors and the random effects of the between cluster difference. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval to express measures of association and Intra Class Correlation to express measures of variation were used.

Results

A total of 2110 children nested within 445 clusters were included in the analysis. Among them, 13% were with low birth weight. The ICC implied 11.7% of the variance in low birth weight was attributable to Area level unobservable factors. At individual level; multiple birth (AOR=2.74; 95%CI: 1.450-5.184), preterm birth (AOR=4.83; 95%CI: 2.644-8.830), anemic mothers (AOR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.069-2.092), six and above birth order (AOR=0.42; 95%CI: 0.242-0.752), mothers with primary educational level (AOR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.418-0.896) and secondary/higher educational level (AOR=0.39; 95%CI: 0.252-0.612) as well as region from Area level were significantly associated with low birth weight.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that multiple births, anemic mothers, birth order, not-educated mothers and preterm gestational age at birth were significant factors of low birth weight. Hence, switching off/on the significant factors accordingly could reduce the risk of having low birth weight child.
The hyporeflective fern-like pattern on deep-layer en face images of acute central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Hoshino Junki , Akiyama Hideo , Magori Mikiya , Mukai Ryo , Matsumoto Hidetaka
Published: August 2019

Background

We examined B-mode and en face images of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) from patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and investigated associations between their characteristics and prognosis for visual acuity.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 11 eyes in 11 patients with CRAO who underwent swept-source OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000®; Carl Zeiss, Dublin, California, USA) and SS-OCT (DRI OCT-1 Atlantis, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) at the acute phase and 1 month after onset.

Results

Fern-like hyporeflective patterns aligned with the superficial arterioles were observed in acute-phase deep-layer en face images from 4 patients. Patients who exhibited these hyporeflective fern-like patterns were categorized as Group A, and all other patients as Group B. No significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity at initial examination was seen between the groups. At one month after onset, best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better in Group A, and retinal thinning also tended to be milder.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that a hyporeflective fern-like pattern in acute CRAO may suggest good prognosis.
Corneal UV Protective Effects Of A Topical Antioxidant Formulation: A Pilot Study On In Vivo Rabbits
Authors: Bartollino Silvia , VIZZARRI FRANCESCO , PALAZZO MARISA , Ondruska Lubomir , CASAMASSIMA DONATO , CARUSO CIRO , GUERRA GERMANO , MEROLLA FRANCESCO , COSTAGLIOLA CIRO
Published: August 2019

Background The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the protective effect of a topical antioxidant and UV schielding action formulation containing riboflavin, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (TPGS vitamin E), against corneal UV-induced damage in vivo rabbit eyes.
Methods For the evaluation, in vivo experiments were performed using twelve male albino rabbits. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 3 animals each: control group (CG) didn’t receive any UV irradiation; the first group (IG) was irradiated with an UV-B - UV-A lamp for 30 min; the second (IG30) and the third (IG60) groups received UV irradiation for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, and were topically treated with 1 drop (approximately 50 µl) of the antioxidant and shielding formulation every 15 minutes, starting one hour before irradiation, until the end of UV exposure.
Results The cornea of IG group showed irregular thickening, detachment of residual fragments of the Descemet membrane, stromal fluid swelling with consequent collagen fibers disorganization and disruption, and inflammation. The cornea of G30 group showed edema, a mild thickening of Descemet membrane without fibrillar collagen disruption and focal discoloration, nor inflammation. In the G60 group cornea showed a more severe thickening of the cornea, a more abundant fluid accumulation underneath the Descemet membrane, with focal detachment of the same, and no signs of severe tissue alterations, as those recorded in the IG group.
Conclusion Our results demonstrate that a topical application of eye drops containing riboflavin, d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (TPGS vitamin E) counteracts UV corneal injury in exposed rabbits.
Utility of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Fahmi Oumer , Parekh Madhavi J. , Binegdie Amsalu Bekele , Tolessa Tola Bayisa , Brandli Otto , Schluger Neil W. , sherman Charles B.
Published: August 2019

Objective Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is a widely used tool in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, little is known regarding the indications and diagnostic yield of FOB in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the indications and diagnostic yield of FOB at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), the largest public health hospital in Ethiopia. Results In this retrospective chart review, all patients undergoing FOB between January and December 2013 in the bronchoscopy suite were studied. Data included: patient demographics, smoking, HIV status, procedure indications, and microbiologic, cytological and pathologic results. During the study period, 141 patients underwent FOB. The mean age was 42 years; 90(63%) were men. Among those whose smoking status was known, 15% were current or former smokers. The most common indications for FOB were: lung mass (presumed malignancy) 54% (76), tuberculosis 13% (18), and pleural effusion with possible underlying lung cancer 9%(13). 65 patients had endobronchial and/or transbronchial biopsies; 48% (31/65) were diagnostic and of these 68% (21/31) had malignancies. 57 patients had BAL performed; 33% (19/57) were diagnostic and of these 37% (7/19) had tuberculosis. We found that bronchoscopy was a safe and effective tool for diagnosing lung disease in Ethiopia.
A single-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial to study the effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with CI-type Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Zhi ming , Zhang Ming jia , Chen Hai cheng , Yang Zhao jun , Wu Peng , Yue Zhi jun , Nie Duo rui , Zhou Chi
Published: August 2019

[EXSCINDED] Background Appropriate exercise training is beneficial to improve the clinical efficacy and early recovery of patients with Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. There is currently no effective lifestyle recommendation for patients with Osteonecrosis of the femoral head and lack of data demonstrating the clinical efficacy of exercise therapy for patients with Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Our study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of CI-type Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Design 866 participants who met the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group will carry out a two-year shock wave treatment with exercise training and oral Tongluo Shenggu Jiaonang treatment, the control group will only carry out a two-year shock wave treatment with oral Tongluo Shenggu Jiaonang intervention. The clinical efficacy and imaging changes between the two groups will be compared to determine if exercise training is helpful for Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.Discussion This is a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial to determine if exercise training is effective for Osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Central pancreatectomy combined with end-to-end anastomosis reconstruction versus conventional central pancreatectomy in robotic surgery: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: ZHU LIN , Zhang Gong , Li Jizhe , Zhang Haifeng , Huang Fei , Liu Rong , Wang Fei
Published: August 2019

[EXSCINDED]
Abstract
Abstract

Background
Central pancreatectomy (CP) is an ideal surgery option for benign and low malignant potential lesions in the neck and body of pancreas. CP maintains pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function better than distal pancreatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, but it has a higher risk of pancreatic fistula1. Up to now, CP reported by Dagradi and Serio2 is the standard procedure. But our four-year experience suggests CP with end-to-end anastomosis could reduce pancreatic fistula and other complication rates. The aim of the trial is to investigate whether the CP combined with end-to-end anastomosis reconstruction approach can reduce the fistula rate of patients with pancreatic neck and body benign and low malignant lesions compared with the conventional approach. We hypothesize that CP combined with end-to-end anastomosis could be an alternative procedure of conventional CP.Methods/design

The trial is a single center, randomized controlled trial with two parallel research group. The trial compares the possible advantages of CP combined with end-to-end anastomosis to conventional CP in robotic surgery. One hundred and seventy patients with pancreatic neck and body benign and low malignant lesions in Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital will be enrolled. The patients will be divided into two groups randomly. One group will choose CP with end-to-end anastomosis while the other group will use conventional CP. The primary endpoint will be postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) rate.Discussion

There is no randomized clinical trial to estimate the advantages of CP with end-to-end anastomosis reconstruction.
The CP with end-to-end anastomosis reconstruction in robotic surgery was first reported by Professor Liu in our department, and professional surgical techniques can reduce confounding factors and have high recruitment rate. For our research is a randomized clinical trial, we can provide high quality evidence on CP standard.
Factors associated with undernutrition among children with sickle cell disease attending the sickle cell clinic in Mulago hospital, Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Rosta , Kananura Rornald Muhumuza , Kajjura Richard , Yeka Adoke
Published: August 2019

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is among the neglected non-communicable diseases, which significantly contributes to early childhood mortality. In Uganda, over 20,000 children are estimated to be sicklers. Undernutrition is common among children with SCD and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in Uganda.

Objective

To assess the extent of undernutrition and related factors among children aged 5-12 years with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago hospital, Uganda.

Methods

A total of 263 children with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago National Referral hospital were recruited consecutively between May and June 2017. The nutritional status of the children was assessed by weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, and height-for-age z-scores calculated using STATA in accordance with WHO 2007 growth standards. Binomial regression was conducted to assess the predictors of undernutrition.

Results

About20.2%, 11.4%, and 13.7% of the children were underweight, wasted and stunted respectively. Wasting was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=4.20, CI=2.18-8.10) and living in a female headed household (AOR=0.43, CI=0.19-0.99). Stunting was significantly associated with older age (10-12years) (AOR=2.90, CI=1.39-6.06). Underweight was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=2.23, CI=1.05-5.16).

Conclusion

Underweight, wasting and stunting were prevalent among children with SCD attending Mulago hospital. The factors associated with undernutrition were older age and living in a female headed household.
Probleme und Perspektiven der Schmitz’schen Gefühlsphilosophie
Authors: Soentgen Jens
Published: August 2019

Teorija osjećanja Hermanna Schmitza pretendira iznova promišljati osjećanja kao atmosfere koje se bezrubno razlijevaju. Ovaj prilog pokušava, s jedne strane, razraditi jake strane takvog pristupa, ali također, s druge strane, ukazati na prilične poteškoće i antinomije koje su mu imanentne.
Pathische Wahrnehmung oder eigenleibliches Spüren?
Authors: Bonnemann Jens
Published: August 2019

U tradicionalnoj kao i u aktualnoj filozofskoj diskusiji opažanje se obično razmatra kao osjetilna spoznaja. Previđa se da nešto opaziti također znači i pretrpjeti djelovanje onog opaženog koje se doživljava kao ugodno ili neugodno. Nasuprot tome, Nova fenomenologija želi ispoštovati upravo tu previđenu patičku dimenziju, tako što u centar pažnje stavlja afektivnu pogođenost subjekta. Ali dok se u većini pristupa koji se bave filozofijom opažanja gubi iz vida da je iskustvo objekta ugodno ili neugodno, Nova fenomenologija tematizira taj događajni karakter, međutim, primarno ga poima samo kao puko osjećanje vlastitog tijela. Drugim riječima, ono što se događa s tijelom biva odsječeno od bilo kakvog odnosa prema svijetu, kako u epistemički orijentiranoj filozofiji opažanja tako i u tjelesno orijentiranoj Novoj fenomenologiji. Kao tome suprotstavljen projekat u ovoj studiji bit će predstavljena fenomenologija koja ono ugodno i neugodno opažanja tako opisuje, kako je ono prvenstveno dano u predrefleksivnom odnosu prema svijetu. Na taj način može se fenomenološki pokazati u kojoj mjeri iskustvo svijeta nije samo tjelesno, nego i obratno, u kojoj je mjeri iskustvo sebstva i tijela posredovano odnosom prema svijetu.
Das finden der unverlorenen Welt
Authors: Meyer Michael
Published: August 2019

Filozofiju Johna McDowella i novofenomenološko mišljenje Hermanna Schmitza možemo shvatiti kao pokušaje terapije distance između duha [uma] i svijeta koja u modernom vremenu poprima dramatične razmjere. U ovom članku autor pokušava usporediti terapeutske koncepte Schmitza i McDowella, uzimajući u obzir moderno doba i posebno kontrast između fenomenološkog i analitičkog načina filozofiranja. Glavna razlika u njihovim pokušajima da predstave otvorenost duha [uma] prema svijetu jest ta što Schmitz između duha [uma] i svijeta umeće (živo) tijelo (Leib) kao centralnu veličinu. Naspram takvog bogatijeg pojma opažanja u većoj mjeri u oči upada redukcionizam McDowellova modela. Ipak, autor u ovom članku ukazuje na dvije mogućnosti da se i McDowellove ideje učine plodnim i u novofenomenološkom kontekstu.
Neue Phänomenologie – ein Schritt auf dem Weg zur Versöhnung von Lebensphilosophie und Phänomenologie?
Authors: Smiljanić Damir
Published: August 2019

U ovom članku autor pokušava na primjeru Nove fenomenologije Hermanna Schmitza pokazati da bi se u povijesnom pogledu mogle produktivno nadići barijere u razumijevanju nastale tijekom debate između Diltheya i Husserla, što bi također moglo voditi obnavljanju životnofilozofskog načina mišljenja. Najprije se prikazuje rasprava između filozofa života Diltheya i osnivača (stare) fenomenologije Edmunda Husserla, zatim se skicira nastavak diskusije u Mischovoj hermeneutičkoj filozofiji života (logici života). U središnjem djelu članka autor daje prikaz rekonstrukcije neproizvoljnog životnog iskustva kod neofenomenologa Schmitza i na taj način pokazuje da bi se problemi filozofije života mogli obrađivati fenomenološkim sredstvima, a da se pritom ne zauzima suprotno stajalište od filozofije života. Na kraju članka rasvjetljuju se određeni toposi filozofije života u svjetlu inoviranja fenomenologije, s tim što se kao najkompleksniji zadatak pokazuje onaj određenja samog pojma života čijem rješenju će najprije doprinijeti integrativni način promatranja.
Truth and politics in the age of digital media
Authors: Barišić Pavo
Published: August 2019

Sve snažnijim širenjem sveprisutnih digitaliziranih društvenih medija, istina je u određenom stupnju izgubila na svojoj pouzdanosti i objektivnosti, upozoravaju danas pojedini autori. Kada neko razdoblje ističe u prvi plan napete odnose između istinitosti i laži, ispravnih informacija i lažnih vijesti, stvarnosti i fikcije, onoga što doista jest i zablude, to svjedoči o neprozirnosti i nesagledivosti zamršene igre u koju je zapletena javna komunikacija. Strelovit razvoj novih medija i digitalnih tehnologija uzrokuje dalekosežan proces promjena, osobito u području politike. U svojoj knjizi o »post­istinitoj epohi« Ralph J. Keyes najavio je nastupanje »vremenā sklonih obmanama« (fib-friendly times) u kojima se »izriče više laži nego ikada do sada« (Keyes 2004, 4). Međutim, razmatranja u ovom članku počivaju na nešto opreznijem i kritičnijem pristupu. Ona govore u prilog razumijevanju pluriperspektivizma. Novi mediji zacijelo su donijeli izazove suvremenim komunikacijama. U političkim zbivanjima riječ je svagda o određenim perspektivama i prinosima u stalnom agonu ili nadmetanju za istinom. Pri tome ne postoji posve neutralnih niti nadstranački uzdignutih zahtjeva za istinom, kao što su tvrdili neki filozofi i znanstvenici. Poradi svoje osebujne naravi, istina se može otkriti samo s prijeporom i trudom, a nikada bez sudjelovanja i izvan svake perspektive. Ipak, niti istina propada, niti ulazimo u razdoblje postistine. Štoviše, možemo se i dalje prepirati o pitanju koja je epoha sklonija lažima i lažnim vijestima (fake news). Politika danas nije u težem položaju nego što je bila ranije, niti je u mnogo jednostavnijem položaju u pogledu na istinu. Za politiku istina ostaje potporno tlo i trajno mjerilo za prosuđivanje. Može se raskrivati samo u svojoj pluriperspektivnoj pojavnosti.