bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of graphene photodetector based on photogating effect for circuits simulation
Authors: Li Haozhou , Shi Zeyuan , Que Longcheng , Shen Jun
Published: December 2023

Graphene photodetectors based on the photogating effect offer the advantages of high responsivity. However, physical model of these photodetectors which is suitable for circuit design are still missing at present time. This paper aims to develop a physical model of the detector by introducing a ‘virtual back-gate’ method, which translates incident optical power into the Dirac point voltage of the transfer curve. Additionally, a physical model of the detector is established by combining the ‘virtual back-gate’ and ‘photo-gate’. To investigate the relationship between input optical power and photocurrent, a detector PSPICE model is developed using the gate-controlled current sources realized through the ‘virtual back-gate’ and ‘photo-gate’. A capacitive transimpedance amplifier circuit is employed for simulation verification. The research presented in this paper serves as a valuable reference for the circuit design of two-dimensional material photodetectors based on the photogating effect.
Bootstrapping gravity and its extension to metric-affine theories
Authors: Delhom Adrià , García-Moreno Gerardo , Hohmann Manuel , Jiménez Cano Alejandro , Koivisto Tomi S.
Published: December 2023

In this work we study diffeomorphism-invariant metric-affine theories of gravity from the point of view of self-interacting field theories on top of Minkowski spacetime (or other background). We revise how standard metric theories couple to their own energy-momentum tensor, and discuss the generalization of these ideas when torsion and nonmetricity are also present. We review the computation of the corresponding currents through the Hilbert and canonical (Noether) prescriptions, emphasizing the potential ambiguities arising from both. We also provide the extension of this consistent self-coupling procedure to the vielbein formalism, so that fermions can be included in the matter sector. In addition, we clarify some subtle issues regarding previous discussions on the self-coupling problem for metric theories, both General Relativity and its higher derivative generalizations. We also suggest a connection between Lovelock theorem and the ambiguities in the bootstrapping procedure arising from those in the definition of conserved currents.
Effect of Cosmic Plasma on the Observation of Supernovae Ia
Authors: Zheng Yi-Jia
Published: December 2023

In observational cosmology, a supernova Ia is used as a standard candle in order to extend the Hubble diagram to a higher redshift range. Astrophysicists found that the observed brightness of high redshift supernovae Ia is dimmer than expected. This dimming effect is considered observational evidence for the existence of dark energy in the universe. It should be noted that this conclusion is based on an assumption that the mass density of the cosmic plasma is very small. Therefore, the dimming effect caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in cosmic plasma can be neglected. X-ray observations suggest that the mass density of the cosmic plasma may be very large. In theory, the observed dimming effect of high redshift supernovae Ia may be caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in the cosmic plasma. In this paper it will be shown that this idea is reasonable. Therefore, there is no need to introduce the confusing concept of dark energy into cosmology.
Finite Element Modelling of Serrated Chip Formation During Turning AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zakaria Muhammad Syamil , Mustapha Mazli , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Nawi Mohd Al Hafiz Mohd , Ahmad Azlan
Published: December 2023

Machining metal alloys such as AZ31 magnesium alloy involve thermomechanical behavior between workmaterial and cutting tools. The interaction between workmaterial and cutting tools has affected the chip formation in metal cutting and cutting performance. This paper developed a finite element model (FEM) by using Abaqus software to simulate the chip formation in cutting AZ31 magnesium alloy under dry condition. The study revealed that serrated chips were formed in dry condition. Chip segmentation increased proportionally with cutting speed as generated heat concentrated in a narrow zone, promoting the formation of an adiabatic shear band.
Parametric study on producing Fused Deposition Modelling filament made of recovered carbon black reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene plastics
Authors: Saad M F , Shuaib N A , Fooi C C , Quan C R , Hadi M H J A , Ali U F M , Osman A F
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing is a process that makes three-dimensional object layer by layer. There are many different types of 3D printer and the most commonly used is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). There is a need for a new material for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) FDM filament to improve filament strength and reduce the usage of plastics. From literature, there are limited studies available on making 3D printer filament reinforced by recycled carbon black. The limitation hinders the potential of using this material in new applications. In this study, recycled carbon black powder (rCB) was added as a filler reinforcement to enhance the properties of ABS. Parameters considered in this study were percentage of filler weight loading and filler size. Tests and characterisation used in this study were tensile test, thickness test, surface roughness test, scanning electron microscopy, density test and water absorption test. There were improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile test and elasticity of the filament compared to the pure ABS plastic. The higher filler percentage can improve the elasticity of filament and lower filler percentage can improve the strength of the filament. The findings could help in improving marketability status and commercialisation potential of rCB reinforced ABS filament for FDM applications.
A Fully Explicit Lattice Spring Elastoplastic Solid Model for Fluid Structure Interaction Applications
Authors: Low W.C. , Ng K. C. , Ng H. K.
Published: December 2023

The Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) solver based on mesh-less methods developed at University of Nottingham Malaysia has been proven to be successful in solving hydroelastic problems involving elastic body. In this paper, the possibility of modelling elastocplastic material behaviour using mesh-less method is further explored. Elastoplastic material bahaviour is essential for modelling ductile fracture in a wide range of engineering problems. The use of a type of nonlocal lattice spring model (LSM) based on fully explicit integration scheme in modelling elastoplastic material behaviour is presented in this work. Specifically, the return mapping algorithm is incorporated in the solid solver for modelling J2 plasticity. The effect of time step size and particle spacing on the accuracy of the solver are investigated by checking the predicted strain against theoretical solution. It is found out that the strain results obtained by varying the time step size are somewhat consistent with the theoretical solution. The predicted strain also converges to the theoretical result as the particle spacing is refined.
A study on the significance of exhaust manifold’s bending angle to the brake torque of 115cc SI engine
Authors: Murali R , Shahriman A B , Razlan Z M , Rojan M A , Azizul A I , Rani M F H , Jamir M R M , Sunan S , Ali M H A , Ramasamy G , Hisham M H N
Published: December 2023

The exhaust manifold is a crucial component of the exhaust system in any SI engine, responsible for efficiently expelling combustion products. However, when the exhaust manifold’s design is suboptimal, it leads to negative consequences for the engine’s performance due to the presence of backpressure. Backpressure refers to the difference between maximum exhaust pressure and atmospheric pressure. An increase in backpressure decreases the overall performance and fuel efficiency of an SI engine. This study aimed to investigate the bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold and the brake torque of the 115cc SI engine using 1D engine analysis. The relationship between the exhaust manifold’s bending angle characteristics and the brake torque was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of less than 0.05, while the validation with experimental data showed a maximum error of 6.62. In the previous research, it was noted that a lower bending angle leads to better performance. However, the current results indicate that out of the three bending angles considered, having one of them yields the most substantial enhancement in brake torque. The optimized bending angle configuration obtained from the analysis increased the mean brake torque by 0.011 Nm (0.14%). Consequently, this study enhances the average brake torque through the optimal bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold. The study’s objective aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as the improved performance achieved through an optimal exhaust manifold design configuration is expected to promote domestic technology development.
Performance comparison and analysis of traditional PID and fuzzy PID control applied to UAV
Authors: Dong Jiaxing
Published: December 2023

Quadrotor UAVs are gradually being used in various fields because of their flexibility, ease of control and low cost. Along with advancement of electrical technology in contemporary times and increasing application scenarios of the aircraft, the demand for control systems has also increased. In different application scenarios, there are some differences in the functions and application requirements of UAV. Therefore, it is of great value to adjust the control algorithm by combining the scenario requirements. PID heuristic and fuzzy PID heuristic are the two most common control algorithms in UAV. In this paper, the heuristics are designed and compared for the above two algorithms in different scenarios and environments. First, the development process and status of UAVs are explained, and the importance of the control system is introduced. Subsequently, two control systems are studied and designed separately, and targeted comparison tests are conducted. Finally, the performance and applicability scenarios of the two control systems are analysed according to the experimental results, which in turn provide an important reference basis for the design of PID-based UAV control systems.
Analysis of FPGA theory and its development potential
Authors: Huang Hongrui
Published: December 2023

FPGA is a logic device that allows users to program. It has experienced unprecedented rapid development since its inception, and now it has become the core chip device for designing digital circuits. As an application oriented and capital-intensive technology system, FPGA plays an important role in computer, communication, automobile and other fields. With the continuous progress of semiconductor preparation technology, the performance of FPGA devices has also achieved leaps and bounds. Of course, new problems and challenges have emerged. Therefore, we need to constantly improve the architecture and algorithm of FPGA, and explore ways to make FPGA achieve higher performance and efficiency. This paper reviews the development of FPGA, and expounds the mainstream design technology of FPGA. It also summarizes the main advantages and disadvantages of FPGA, and points out the direction of future FPGA research.
Review of PID control design and tuning methods
Authors: Li Zeng
Published: December 2023

Owing to the fact that PID controllers have a simple and fixed form and good robustness, they are widely used in industrial production. However, the complexity and non-linearity of control systems affect the use of a traditional PID controller. Therefore, how to design a stable PID controller that does not require an accurate mathematical model or how to adjust the parameters of the PID controller have become hot topics of research today and in the future. PID controllers are outlined in this study, such as position PID controllers, incremental PID controllers, differential prior PID controllers, fuzzy PID controllers. Besides, two different PID controller rectification methods are described: the model-based parameter self-tuning method and the rule-based self-tuning method. What is more, this paper also compares these PID controllers, and clarifies the advantages and disadvantages of each PID controller. And at the end, it predicts the prospect of PID controllers and PID controller rectification methods. PID has a great development prospect, and its future research direction is not only to study new algorithms, but also needs to study how to combine the excellent existing PID controllers to make up for their shortcomings.
Gain optimization and data modeling of S-band of Tm-doped fiber amplifier based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Qu Boen
Published: December 2023

At present, fiber amplifiers are indispensable in the field of communication, Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are currently more mature fiber amplifiers, but because of electronic bottlenecks, they have approached saturation in recent years. Thus, the study and application of fiber amplifiers doped with other rare earth elements has become a new goal at present. At the same time, expanding the available bandwidth of the fiber amplifier to a higher or lower direction has also become a major task. This article discusses the gain of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers at 1400 nm – 1450 nm (S-band) and uses the genetic algorithm to optimize the fiber length and doping concentration to find the optimal solution, this article also analyzes the change in gain at different fiber lengths and doping concentrations. The results show that the fiber length is 56.2705 meters, and the doping concentration is 59.9502 ×1024 per square meter, at which the gain reaches the peak is 65.19. The results show that the thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) in this band has good amplification characteristics, and it can be meticulously studied based on this method in the future to obtain more accurate results. It can also be solved using other algorithms, such as Quantum Genetic Algorithms.
Power electronic transformers in wind power generation systems
Authors: Li Zhuangzhuang
Published: December 2023

Power electronic transformers (PET) have received extensive attention due to their advantages of compensating reactive power, improving power quality, limiting fault current, and reducing the number of traditional transformer materials. At present, it is also an important research topic to replace conventional power frequency transformers in wind power generation systems. This paper first analyzes the topology of the primary circuit of the power electronic transformer. Several common PET topologies are introduced, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The module cascade topology and modular multilevel topology are mainly introduced, and the topological circuit diagram is given. The paper also comprehensively introduced the research status quo of wind power generation systems based on the interface of PET, permanent magnetic wind turbines and dual-feed fan wind turbines. The traditional structure of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) system and the doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) system is shown. Finally, the problems in PET and the future development direction are summarized.
Systematic analysis of advanced wireless charging technology for electric vehicles
Authors: Li Sizhe , Ma Tianying
Published: December 2023

With the development of electronic technology, more and more electronic devices in life are converted from wireless to wired. Electric toothbrushes, mobile phones around, and new energy vehicles on the road have all changed from traditional wired charging to wireless charging. Traditional charging methods have many disadvantages. Some of them may be mechanically aged, some may leak electricity, and some take up space. But wireless charging can optimize most problems. And it has higher safety and functionality. This paper expends on Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT), Microwave Power Transfer(MPT), Electromagnetic induction that the three mainstream wireless charging methods. The article introduces the working principles of the three wireless charging methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages. And through comparison, to provide a strategy for the method of choosing a wireless charging method.
The application of embedded system on electric devices
Authors: Lu Yixuan
Published: December 2023

Embedded system control technology is widely used in airborne electronic equipment. Embedded system control technology is at the core of the development process of airborne electronic devices, but currently the overall design of system control for airborne electronic devices is not planned from the top level of the system, which may cause the system control of the device to not fully meet the user’s needs in terms of use functions, and the system control software often needs to be modified, wasting a large amount of human, material, and financial resources. Aiming at this, this paper discusses the embedded system control technology and design methods applied in airborne electronic equipment. This article will analyze the current research status of the application of embedded systems in electrical equipment from multiple aspects, and provide prospects for its future development. Through analysis, the entire development process and shortcomings of embedded systems can be clarified, providing reference for their better application in industrial environments in the future.
Research on the application of transformer in computer vision
Authors: Bai Guoli , Guo Haosen , Xiao Chuzhen
Published: December 2023

The Transformer is a deep neural network model that utilizes attention mechanisms to improve model performance. Initially, the Transformer gained significant attention in the field of natural language processing. In recent years, due to continuous improvements and extensions to the Transformer model structure, it has also achieved many important breakthroughs in computer vision(CV) tasks, attracting the interest of many researchers. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review articles on the application and development of the Transformer in computer vision. A summary of the Transformer’s applications and advancements in computer vision is given in this paper. It discusses the Transformer model’s fundamental ideas and organizational framework, and primarily introduces its applications in various fields such as image classification, object detection, and image generation, as well as the superiority of the Transformer+ convolutional neural network(CNN) fusion model. The paper provides a detailed analysis of classic models such as Vision Transformer(ViT), Detection Transformer(DETR) and discusses their strengths, weaknesses, and improvement methods. Finally, the paper summarizes and looks forward to the Transformer’s evolution in computer vision.
Study on the structure of offshore wind and solar hybrid power generation device under the background of green energy
Authors: Wang Hansheng , Yang Yanbin , Zhang Shujun
Published: December 2023

There are sufficient solar and wind energy in the sea, which can be used as a good power generation energy and obtain great energy value. Therefore, the development of offshore green energy has become the mainstream trend. This paper mainly focuses on the study of offshore wind solar energy generation structures. This paper first introduces the principle of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation and the existence of a large amount of energy offshore, and then leads to the basic structure of wind-solar hybrid power generation structure. Then it further studies the power generation, wind load, wave load, initial stability and economic type. Finally, the advantages and future environmental benefits of the structure are summarized, and the structure is reformed reasonably. The results show that the structure has good stability, load bearing capacity and economy, and the construction difficulty of the improved structure has been reduced.
Field-oriented control drive circuit design
Authors: Li Junfu
Published: December 2023

Field-oriented control drive circuits, as a new type of control method recently, are different from the traditional control principle of electronic speed controllers and have gradually started to be used in large numbers in recent years. The correct design of the circuit and the implementation of the algorithm to realize precise control of the brushless motor is a question worth investigating. The research purpose of this paper is to design a field-oriented drive circuit to drive a brushless motor with the smallest possible size and the largest possible load to improve performance and usability. Based on the current design of the field-oriented control drive circuits, the author has selected the right microprogrammed control Unit and algorithm to improve the practicality and performance of the field-oriented control drive circuits. Finally, a few advantages of this field-oriented control drive circuits are summarized. The conclusion of this research is that the brushless motor can be controlled precisely by a simple operation. However, the cost is that the algorithm design is more complicated.
An overview of principles and types of ADC and DAC
Authors: He Jiale , Tian Xingchen , Wei Hansen , Tian Yingbo , He Bingxun
Published: December 2023

In modern society, electronic devices such as computers have facilitated the resolution of numerous problems. However, these devices can only process digital signals, while the signals in the natural are predominantly analog. Consequently, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) have become important circuits that are widely employed in various fields such as industry, communication, healthcare, and energy. The research and development of ADCs and DACs have been recognized as significant research directions in the field of electronic engineering. This paper aims to delve into the fundamental principles, classifications, and applications of ADCs and DACs, providing valuable references and guidance for electronic engineers.
Research on the safety and practicability of the combination of offshore wind and solar energy
Authors: Xu Yuhe
Published: December 2023

Wind power is a renewable way of power generation. It features simple scale construction, considerable efficiency and clean and pollution-free. The current situation of offshore wind power generation is also facing many challenges, safety, economy, feasibility. In this paper, the design method is adopted and the structure is checked and analyzed, and the current problems and solutions of offshore wind power generation are analyzed from the perspectives of structural safety, cost estimation and design feasibility. Through practical design and calculation, this study makes a breakthrough in the structure of offshore floating wind power generation, and provides a solution for the spar structure to limit the sea state.
Monte Carlo simulation with Wolff algorithm for scaling behavior of two dimensional XY model with KT phase transition
Authors: Song Yuntai
Published: December 2023

The property of XY model with its KT phase transition has been discussed in many aspects such as specific heat and magnetic susceptibility along with correlation function. Also, this is one of the original models for topological phase transition which gives a new type of phase transition without symmetry breaking. Since the calculation of these properties above can be achieved by Monte Carlo Method with Wolff algorithm, the visualization of vortex and antivortex is also an interesting task which is accomplished in this article. By successfully modeling the system and getting the step-by-step configuration, the relation between the generation of vortex and the variation of temperature can be concluded in a qualitative way. The calculation of spin correlation function shows the phase transition between disorder and quasi long-range order which represents the topological phase transition. As a reliable method, the Monte Carlo method with Wolff algorithm can be a choice of generating the training set for neural network which can calculated much more sophisticated case in a relatively short time and the transition between classical simulation and quantum simulation can be approached as mentioned in the end of this article.
Analysis of Verilog-based improvements to the memory transfer
Authors: Jia Yicheng , Sun Yibo , Wang Yige
Published: December 2023

Memory copy technology is widely used for data transfer between CPU and memory, and is an important step in all types of operating systems and drivers, and is one of the bottlenecks in the current speed-up of computing. This paper has done more research on the historical development, theoretical basis and experimental details of different memory copy accelerators and related knowledge, and summarised and compared them, with emphasis on reviewing two related papers that provide an overview of their acceleration theory and experiments. The paper concludes that memory copy accelerators using a variety of innovative technologies have largely improved copy speeds and reduced energy consumption, laying a solid foundation for the future development of memory copy acceleration technology, which has been successful in improving and enhancing the user experience with the performance gains of this technology. At the same time, the development of memory copy accelerators has advanced more advanced technologies, such as machine learning, to power the development of human technology.
The iron melting point determination by 2D simulation
Authors: Yi Shan
Published: December 2023

In the past research, molecular simulation has been widely used to simulate various properties of materials and understand atomic theory. The effect of the material’s surface tension and different closed-packed structures can also be successfully simulated by using the Lennard-Jones potential. However, the two-dimensional simulation of the iron’s melting point has not been studied deeply. Thus, by MATLAB, this project used the Lennard-Jones potential and 2D simulation to simulate the melting point of the iron (698.82 K-725.08 K) under certain pressure. This pair coefficient equation of the iron atom from 300K to 900K was found successfully. The pair coefficient equation is generally in line with expectations, but the calculated melting point is far away from the experimental result (1811 K). This is mainly because of the limitation of 2D simulation. (the vertical force is not contained) The advice for the future study is to use the 3D simulation to do the more accurate iron’s melting point calculation.
Wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicles: Principles, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bai Siqi
Published: December 2023

Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is a promising solution for charging electric vehicles, which have many advantages such as zero emissions, low noise, and convenience. This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art of WPT technology for electric vehicles, focusing on the classification, principle, advantages, and disadvantages of different WPT methods, such as capacitive WPT, inductive WPT, microwave WPT, and laser WPT. The paper also discusses the future trends and challenges of WPT technology, such as coil design, international standards, safety issues, multiple charging modes, and compensation networks. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of WPT technology for electric vehicles and to inspire further research and development in this field.
Improvement of ECG amplifier for wearable devices
Authors: Li Yizhou
Published: December 2023

The amplifier occupies half of the volume of the entire ECG amplifier circuit, so the design of the amplifier becomes the key to the design of the ECG sensor in wearable devices. This article will provide some ideas for improving the amplifier circuit to achieve higher accuracy, lower power consumption, and smaller ECG modules. The author compares the advantages of different circuits and the performance of different components by means of comparison. Some ideas for improving ECG amplifying circuit are obtained. The amplifier occupies half of the volume of the entire ECG amplifier circuit, so the design of the amplifier becomes the key to the design of the ECG sensor in wearable devices. This article will provide some ideas for improving the amplifier circuit to achieve higher accuracy, lower power consumption, and smaller ECG modules. The author compares the advantages of different circuits and the performance of different components by means of comparison. Some ideas of improving ECG amplifying circuit are obtained, and some methods of improving ECG amplifying circuit by differential amplifying circuit, changing circuit components and adding filter structure are summarized.
Removal of volatile organic compounds and odorous compounds for multilayer packaging recyclates using heated air purging
Authors: Saini Pragti , Bhati Sampat Singh , Dutt Dharm
Published: December 2023

Multilayer packaging (MLP) is made from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and tie layer materials. MLPs are either burned or dumped in landfills after their use, which causes many hazards to humans and the environment. MLPs are recycled in recycling facilities and converted into pellets to reuse them. However, the MLPs are strongly contaminated by volatile organic compounds and odorous compounds, which prevents their use in high-end applications, i.e., cosmetics, packaging, etc. In the research work, a remediation strategy is proposed to reduce VOCs and odorous compounds from MLP recyclates using heated air oven treatments, which are also easily scalable to pilot and industrial scales. VOCs and odor are reduced significantly without compromising the product’s mechanical, thermal, and other properties.
Preparation of microfluidic chips by electroplating and used for microdroplet study
Authors: Zhang Zhengtao , He Rongxiang
Published: December 2023

Microfluidic chips have been widely used in chemical industry and biological monitoring. The application of microfluidic chips in biological analysis, chemical synthesis, clinical detection and other fields not only makes the chemical reaction system small and highly integrated, but also reduces the sample consumption. At present, the traditional microchannel machining methods, such as laser etching and injection molding, have many disadvantages such as complicated process, high technical requirements, high cost and long cycle. In this paper, a new method of microstructure and microchannel in microfluidic chips based on electroplating technology is proposed based on traditional methods, and the microdroplet experiment was carried out.
Rural-to-urban reclassification and its impact on urbanization in Indonesia: a case study of West Java Province
Authors: Katherina L K
Published: December 2023

Rural-urban reclassification is a process in which rural areas evolve into urban areas, leading to significant changes in population, economy, and infrastructure. This process is a component of urbanization. Generally, urbanization studies focus on major cities and their surrounding areas as rural regions transform into urban ones. Meanwhile, according to the latest reclassification data, the conversion of rural areas into urban ones has also occurred in locations distant from existing city centers, thus creating new urban areas. This article’s objective is to analyze the pattern of rural-to-urban reclassification in West Java, focusing on the gradual shift of localities from rural to urban. The study employs descriptive analysis of statistical data related to rural-urban transformation, population size, and growth. The study reveals that the rural-urban transformation in West Java is multifaceted and dynamic, encompassing challenges and opportunities. The study’s findings underscore the need for effective policies and strategies to manage the urbanization process and address the challenges related to rural-urban transformation.
Analysis of carbondioxide (CO2) sequestration capacity in Berambai Cave, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Balfas M D , Rahmawati D , Rindawati P I , Saputra R E
Published: December 2023

Climate change is a result of global warming triggered by human activities, especially those related to the use of fossil fuels and land use change. These activities increasingly produce gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), which causes the Earth’s temperature to rise. As CO2 continues to increase in the atmosphere, CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) can be one of the solutions to store carbon dioxide in the long term on the earth’s surface. Karst ecosystems consisting of limestone and dolomite are one of the potential carbon stores. The purpose of this study is to estimate the carbon dioxide sequestration capacity of Berambai Cave as an effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in Samarinda. Administratively, this research location is in Berambai Village, North Samarinda District, East Kalimantan Province. The existence of the Pulau Balang Formation which has limestone successions in the study area has undergone a karstification process. Karstification is a natural process that can store carbon dioxide through chemical reactions. To determine the carbon dioxide sequestration capacity of Berambai Cave, the alkalinity titration method was carried out using underground rivers and secondary data analysis from BMKG Samarinda. Berambai Village has an annual rainfall of 2,705 mm/year and an average temperature of 27.48°C. Evapotranspiration is 1,383.14 mm/year and runoff are 13.21 dm. The CaCO3 concentration in Berambai spring is 140 mg/L. The carbon dioxide sequestration capacity of Berambai Cave is 73.97 m3/year/km2 contributing to reducing atmospheric carbon emissions, especially in the Samarinda area.
Study on peak hours, ventilation, and resident activities towards indoor air quality on PM2.5 in Surabaya
Authors: Syafei A D , Kurnianto N P
Published: December 2023

Several parameters contribute to the standard level of indoor air quality (IAQ), such as PM2.5 concentration, which is the primary parameter in this study. Several variables influence IAQ, such as infiltration and resident activities of outside air pollution through ventilation. Peak-hour traffic congestion can significantly raise outdoor air pollution. This study was aimed at finding out more about the influence of peak hours, the relationship between ventilation, resident activities, and indoor air quality (IAQ) in houses near the main road, as well as suggestions for improving IAQ. AirVisual Pro was the tool used to record PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and humidity; Kestrel 5500 was used to assess wind direction; and questionnaires were completed by residents. SPSS software is utilized for data analysis including the Pearson correlation coefficient, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and multiple linear regression (MLR). The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in all units during peak and non-peak hours meet the quality standards on weekday and weekend. According to the correlation analysis, indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations had no significant correlation regardless of whether the window is open or closed. Temperature (-1.473), humidity (-0.033), the number of furniture (3.660), fan usage (-8.005), cooking activities (3.755), cleaning activities (14.940), smoking behavior (4.545), and peak hours (6.896) associated with PM2.5 concentration, according to the MLR analysis. Increase fan use, no smoking inside the house, and less furniture are advised to improve IAQ.
Gallery well application as a media for water treatment in flooded areas (case study: Morowudi Village, Gresik Regency)
Authors: Pungut  , Febrianti A N , Tribhuwaneswari A B
Published: December 2023

High-intensity rainwater is known to cause flooding in Morowudi Village, Gresik Regency. This is a major issue for the local community because flood-related to water quality degradation renders it unfit. This study aims to apply gallery wells made as an alternative media to treat floodwater with better-quality water in Morowudi Village, Gresik Regency. In this research, there are two media variations: silica sand or building sand with a diameter of 0.2–0.4 mm applied in the form of a reactor with a diameter of 0.8 meters and a media thickness of 60 cm, which used a separation technique. The separation technique mechanism of the gallery well is SSF (Slow Sand Filtration). The floodwater percolates slowly through a gallery well reactor, with the influent water penetrating from the outside reactor and congregating in the wall as the effluent. The effectiveness of artificial gallery well application is measured by the reduction percentage of TDS, total turbidity, and total coliform. The results showed that artificial gallery well application reduces of TDS, total turbidity, and total coliform in floodwater at Morowudi Village. Thus, it can be used as usable water for the local community.
Modeling of construction and demolition waste management based on the project life cycle in Indonesia
Authors: Susilowati F , Adhipradana A Y , Prakoso J A
Published: December 2023

Improper management of construction and demolition waste has massively accumulated waste and has raised concerns over its impact on the environment and natural resources. The aims of this research modeled construction waste management based on the project life cycle, starting from design, procurement, storage, and implementation. The study aims to conduct a more in-depth study related to Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) management to find the right strategy. The research method was used by identifying variables based on the review literature and compiling questionnaires for 80 construction projects in Indonesia that were randomly selected to be modeled with Partial Least Squares (PLS) tools. Based on specific criteria, existing models and indicators were evaluated against reflective outer models in explanatory research. The final model explains that construction waste has 24 indicators, namely, four at the design stage, eight at the procurement stage, four at the storage stage, and eight at the implementation stage. Based on the initial contextual analysis, the design factors are the main factor causing the waste. However, the final model explains that the construction waste contextually only relates to the implementation stage, but the design and storage stages directly affect the implementation stage. Therefore, strategies in waste management must be carried out, starting with the right design and material storage processes that are by standards to minimize waste at the time of implementation.
Evaluation of solid waste management effectiveness in Indonesia from 2019-2021: a geographic information system analysis
Authors: Gutama H , Iresha F M
Published: December 2023

As a developing country, Indonesia has a significant requirement for solid waste infrastructure development and the establishment of a clean, environmentally friendly, and effective solid waste management system. In other hand, poor solid waste management data remains a major challenge for identifying investment needs in each region. Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN) or National Solid Waste Management Information System is a comprehensive source of waste management data in Indonesia that was initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia to describe existing conditions of solid waste management in Indonesia. This study used the Geographic Information System approach to evaluate waste management data from 2019 to 2021. The importance indicators are the solid waste generation, the effectiveness of waste management, the types of solid waste, and solid waste management facilities in various regions of Indonesia. The primary goal of this study is to comprehend the trend of existing state of waste management, as well as to collect and evaluate data from SIPSN and study literature on solid waste management performance in Indonesia. The findings show various areas that require infrastructure development and the deployment of adequate investment technology solutions in solid waste management. This analysis helps Indonesia for having sustainable waste management by reducing waste generation, improving recycling, and lowering environmental impact.
SAHAJA: Development of a Cloud-Based WebGIS-Multi Criteria Decision Analysis for Agri-aquacultural Site Suitability in Central Java
Authors: Mulyadi M. , Prihanantya Akram S. , Faizal Akhmad , Saputri Yofita I.
Published: December 2023

Central Java Province, Indonesia, is endowed with vast agri-aquacultural potential. However, harnessing the full benefits of spatially enabled technology for supporting integrated sustainable agriculture and covering wide areas remains a challenge. This research aims to bridge this gap by developing a cloud-based WebGIS platform “SAHAJA” which integrates Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for assessing agricultural site suitability. The study utilizes the Google Earth Engine incorporating agricultural parameters such as SAVI, soil properties, rainfall, topography, and Land Surface Temperature as well as aquacultural parameters such as chlorophyl-a, Total Suspended Soil, and Sea Surface Temperature. The platform provides users with the option to select predefined values for assessing site suitability for various purposes such as sugarcane cultivation, tea plantation, and marine fishing. Additionally, it offers an intuitive chart, allowing users to gain valuable insights from the data. The developed WebGIS serves as a decision support tool for both communities and stakeholders involved in land use planning, agri-aquacultural investment, and sustainable practices, thereby supporting smart city initiatives. The urgency of this research stems from the significant agri-aquacultural potential in Central Java and the need to effectively utilize spatially enabled technology to enhance integrated and sustainable agri-aquaculture. By addressing the challenge of wide area coverage, this study contributes to advancing the adoption of spatial technology in agricultural decision-making processes, fostering the productivity and resilience of Central Java’s agri-aquacultural sector.
Comparing WorldView-2 and PlanetScope Imagery to Mapping Housing Types Using GEOBIA
Authors: Hafiudzan Akmal , Widayani Prima , Rahardjo Noor
Published: December 2023

The mapping accuracy of housing types plays a vital role in urban planning and development. Choosing the right imagery for urban geospatial analysis matters in terms of spatial or textural resolution. Here we compare the effectiveness of different satellite imagery, namely WorldView-2 (2m resolution) and PlanetScope (3m resolution) to map housing types. The segmentation algorithm employed is SNIC (Simple Non-Iterative Clustering) while SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm is for classification. This study assessed the performance of these satellite platforms in capturing to extract spatial and spectral elements of each housing class and differentiating between urban villages (Kampung Kota), government-based housing, and private-based gated housing classes in the Tangerang area. WorldView-2, with its high spatial resolution, provides detailed information, allowing for precise delineation of housing boundaries and distinctive features, whereas Planetscope imagery offers better textural information for the segmentation stage. Despite the coarser details, the SVM classification algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 65.00% using PlanetScope imagery. Comparative analysis revealed that WorldView-2 imagery outperformed PlanetScope imagery in terms of overall accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 65.52%. The higher spatial resolution of WorldView-2 enables better discrimination of housing types, resulting in more accurate classification. However, PlanetScope imagery provides valuable information, particularly for large-scale urban planning applications. The findings of this study contribute to the field of remote sensing and assist urban planners in making informed decisions regarding housing development and infrastructure planning based on available satellite imagery resources, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Analyzing Urban Population Growth in the Towns of Non-urban Regions in Java, Indonesia, Using Spatial Analysis
Authors: Mardiansjah Fadjar H. , Ma’rif Samsul , Sugiri Agung
Published: December 2023

As a high densely populated region, urbanization process in Java has become a regional process as the process is also characterized by the growing out of the urban areas outside the cities’ administrative limit, as well as the rapid growth of urban population in the non-urban regions, known as kabupaten. This process is also indicated by the growth of many towns as urban areas in the territory of kabupaten. In fact, the growth of urban population in kabupaten has become the main contributors of urban population growth in Java in the last decades. By analysing the spatial growth of urbanized villages that form the towns in three kabupaten in the north coast of Central Java, this study aims to examine the characteristics of urban population growth in non-statutory towns in non-urban regions in order to deepening the understanding on urbanization process in high densely populated regions like Java. Urban population growth in the non-urban regions is analysed through a time series analysis on the growth of the towns in the territory of the kabupaten and the growth of the populations who live in the towns along the observation periods. The results show that urban population growth in non-urban region is influenced by rural-to-urbanized villages’ transformation process that triggers three forms of towns’ spatial formations for their growth and development: newly small-town formation process, growing process, and merging process. Therefore, this study suggests better management on the villages’ transformation proces, to have better management of regional urbanization in the future.
Drought Vulnerability Evaluation Results of Community Adaptation in Bancak District, Semarang Regency
Authors: Sayoga Antonius A. H. E. , Artiningsih A.
Published: December 2023

The factors that cause drought in Bancak District are quite complex and come from many factors, both internal factors such as soil type, rainfall and topographic conditions, human resources who still manage soil and water conventionally and only take advantage of rainfall that comes in the rainy season, as well as external factors, such as climate change and global warming. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which adaptation has been carried out by the parties involved in the field of drought vulnerability management and whether the adaptation has been in accordance with the physical and socio-economic characteristics, also needs of the community in the study location. The research method carried out is in the form of qualitative research, and the questionnaires were presented in the form of semi-closed questions. From the results of the adaptation evaluation conducted that the most of the respondents stated that they had been “superlative” is to plant crops that have high economic value, so this one can be replicated and applicable to the other places.