bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El psicoanálisis en la universidad
Authors: Jaramillo Zapata Jorge Iván
Published: April 2020

A más de un siglo de la invención del psicoanálisis, cuya finalidad era en esencia terapéutica, podemos hoy preguntarnos sobre cuál es el lugar de este en la universidad y su función en la formación de profesionales en psicología, disciplina de la cual el psicoanálisis se declara abiertamente extranjero y ella, por su parte, parece no necesitar de este en su formación.
Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD
Authors: Ballestri Stefano , Tana Claudio , Di Girolamo Maria , Fontana Maria Cristina , Capitelli Mariano , Lonardo Amedeo , Cioni Giorgio
Published: April 2020

:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden.

:

The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies.

:

In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk.

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Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis
Authors: Tuttolomondo Antonino , Daidone Mario , Pinto Antonio
Published: April 2020

:

Stroke is a heterogeneous disease, and within the broad category of brain ischemia and its subtypes
vary dramatically in its etiology.

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The endothelium can regulate the vascular homeostasis by modulating processes of vascular dilation and constriction
by producing and secreting cytokines and chemical mediators, and inflammation represents one of the most
important factors that contribute to alteration in vessel structure and function by dysregulation of this fine balance.

:

Endothelial dysfunction means a basic determinant of the vascular damage, which can be identified in all different
clinical subtypes of stroke, and, recently, it has been recognized as an interesting determinant of cerebrovascular
risk. The entire spectrum of inflammatory processes is likely to act in concert, and cytokines are important
mediators of stroke by inducing immunological/inflammatory reactions, which contribute to brain infarct progression
as well as to the disease severity and outcome.

:

Results from recent studies and ongoing and future researches will allow characterizing these complex mechanisms
better and finally leading to innovative therapeutic strategies that may change the natural history of this
severe and disabling disease significantly.
Roles of Up-Regulated Expression of ASIC3 in Sex Difference of Acid-Induced Duodenal HCO3 - Responses
Authors: Takeuchi Koji , Ohashi Yumi , Amagase Kikuko
Published: April 2020

Although the morbidity of ulcers is statistically higher in males than females, the mechanism of this
difference remains unknown. Recent studies show that duodenal HCO3
- response to mucosal acidification is
higher in females than males, and this may be a factor responsible for the sex difference in the mucosal protective
mechanisms. In this article, we examined the duodenal HCO3
- responses to various stimuli in male and female
rats, including estrogen, and reviewed the mechanisms responsible for the sex difference in the acid-induced
HCO3
- secretion. Mucosal acidification was performed by exposing the duodenum to 10 mM HCl for 10 min.
PGE2 was administered intravenously, while capsaicin was applied topically to the duodenum for 10 min. Tamoxifen
was given s.c. 30 min before the acidification. Ovariectomy was performed 2 weeks before the experiments;
half of the animals were given estrogen i.m. after the operation. Mucosal acidification increased duodenal
HCO3
- secretion in male rats, and this response was inhibited by indomethacin and sensory deafferentation. Although
no sex difference was found in HCO3
- responses to PGE2 and capsaicin, the response to acid was significantly
greater in female than male rats. The different HCO3
- response to acid disappeared on ovariectomy, and
this effect was totally reversed by the repeated administration of estrogen. The gene expression of ASIC3 in female
rats was greater than in male rats and down-regulated by ovariectomy or tamoxifen treatment in an estradiol-
dependent manner, while no sex difference was observed in TRPV1 and CFTR expressions. In conclusion,
the acid-induced HCO3
- response is greater in female than male rats, and this phenomenon is not due to changes
in PGE2 sensitivity or TRPV1/CFTR expressions but may be accounted for by increased expression of ASIC3 on
sensory neurons, which is associated with the chronic influence of estrogen.
Recent Development in the Chemistry of Bicyclic 6+5 Systems, Part II: Chemistry of Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A. , Abu-Hashem Ameen Ali , Hussein Hoda Abdel Raouf , Aly Ahmed S.
Published: April 2020

This review describes the synthesis and reactions of substituted triazolopyrimidines as building
blocks toward polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological interest.
Functionalized Chitosan for Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Cheaburu-Yilmaz Catalina Natalia , Karavana Sinem Yaprak , Yilmaz Onur
Published: April 2020

Background: Chitosan structure versatility toward a change in an external stimulus represents a
“must have” for the pharmaceutical applications, especially for the pharmaceutical formulations. Chemical
modification can open new ways to obtain materials with tailored properties. Despite the great interest for conventional
graft modifications, controlled/living free radical polymerizations (i.e. RAFT, ATRP, etc.) and advanced
chemistry techniques (i.e. click chemistry) seem more attractive nowadays and involve facile and fast
procedure, high regioselectivity, quantitative yield, mild reaction conditions without generation of by-products.

Objective: The present review provides a detailed state of art of the chemical modification of chitosan i.e. tailored
side-chain functionalization using RAFT polymerization and click chemistry for specific applications
within pharmaceutical formulations taking into account the applicative aspect regarding the need of pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion: The review showed the routes of current approaches for side chain modification of chitosan including
graft, block copolymers or other structural variations. The esterification of RAFT agents on chitosan by
using carbonyl activating reagents enables producing chitosan graft and block copolymers with controlled architectures
while the development of protection/ deprotection chemistry of chitosan made possible the regioselective
modification of chitosan or other polysaccharides. Although these developments increased the potential
of chitosan, still the chemical functionality and architectural diversity of the derivatives are limited. Application
of modern techniques e.g. RAFT polymerization, “click” chemistry has opened new “doors” for the science
of controlled and chemoselective synthesis of well- tailored derivatives with unique and superior properties.
Synthesis of N- and O-Containing Macrobicycles with Central Biphenyl Moiety via Pd(0)-Catalyzed Amination Reactions
Authors: Averin Alexei D. , Uglov Alexei N. , Zubrienko Georgii A. , Tarasenko Elena A. , Buryak Alexei K. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: April 2020

Background: Simple, efficient and enough versatile approaches to macrobicycles and macrotricycles,
which are of great interest for the coordination of metal cations, were proposed in early 1990s using nucleophilic
substitution reactions. Our research group was the first to begin a wide-range synthesis of N- and Ocontaining
macrocycles using Pd-catalyzed amination reactions.

Objective: The goal of the present research is to develop the catalytic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen containing
macrobicycles organized around the central biphenyl moiety.

Method: The method employed is the Pd(0)-catalyzed amination reactions which led to the formation of the
first macrocycle comprising 3,3'-disubstituted biphenyl followed by the modification with two bromobenzyl
moieties and the second Pd(0)-catalyzed macrocyclization which afforded target macrobicycles.

Results: Macrocycles with the endocyclic 3,3'-disubstituted biphenyl moiety and diazadioxa, diazatrioxa, and
tetraamine linkers were synthesized in 26-44% yields using Pd(0)-catalyzed amination reactions. They were
modified with two 3-bromobenzyl substituents and introduced in the second Pd(0)-catalyzed macrocyclization
to give macrobicycles in 8-27% yields. The result was shown to be dependent on the structure of the reacting
compounds. The reaction with diazacrown ether provided a macrotricyclic derivative.

Conclusion: An approach to a variety of N- and O-containing macrobicyclic compounds comprising a central
biphenyl moiety and two oxadiamine (polyamine) chains via two consecutive Pd(0)-catalyzed amination reactions
was elaborated.
Effect of Benzalkonium Chloride on Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized through Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Rauf Hwda Ghafur , Aziz Madzlan , Kareem Sattar Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

In the present study, to synthesize controllable sized metal oxide particles, benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as cationic surfactant was added to zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures synthesis at room temperature using sol–gel method. The effect of cationic surfactant BAK concentrations, on the optical properties, size, and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized through sol–gel method was studied. The characterization of ZnO nanostructures was occurred using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible near infrared (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZnO nanostructures shape and size were revealed by SEM and TEM. The hexagonal (wurtzite structure) of ZnO was confirmed by an X-ray diffractogram. The bandgap energy of the prepared ZnO samples was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR analyzed the presence of functional groups.
Chemical Characteristics and Activity of ACE Inhibitors on Fractionation of Tempeh Koro kratok (Phaseolus lunatus) Peptides
Authors: Handayani Marta Tika , Indrati Retno , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur
Published: April 2020

Tempeh is a fermented food that is good for health and has high nutritional value. Koro kratok tempeh is one of tempeh which is made from non-soybean legumes. The fermentation process will convert macromolecular compounds to micromolecules thereby increasing bioavailability and providing functional properties. This study aimed to find out the chemical properties of koro kratok tempeh and the effect of peptide molecular weight of koro kratok tempeh on ACE inhibition activity. The results show that koro kratok seeds contained 20.66% protein which total hydrophobic amino acid was 3.32% (w/w protein). This hydrophobic amino acid was higher than that soybean, indicated that koro kratok (Phaseolus lunatus) has a potential producing ACE peptide inhibitors. The koro kratok seeds had ACE inhibitory activity  19.72%. This activity increased to 84.97% when the seeds were fermented for 48h to become tempeh. Peptide fractionation showed that the smaller the molecular weight of the peptide, the higher the ACE inhibitory activity.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELECTION'S ASSESSMENT ITEMS AND RESIDENT'S PERFORMANCES IN THE OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A FACULTY OF MEDICINE
Authors: Nusanti Syntia , Jusuf Anwar , Kekalih Aria
Published: April 2020

Background: The admission of residency program in the Ophthalmology Department, FKUI–RSCM is based on the accumulative score from some of the selection's assessment items. The coordinator expects the candidates who received high marks on selection process would also give excellent performance during the residency and therefore the resident would graduate as a qualified ophthalmologist. The aim of this study is to know the association between selection's assessment items and the performance during the residency program.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using secondary data. The inclusion criteria were all ophthalmology residents with complete data information of selection, during, and at the end of the residency program from 1999 to 2006, in which results in 101 subjects. The selection data collection includes gender, age, the medical faculty origin, interview result, psychological test result, the entrance examination result, and the selection result. Data during the residency program involve the result from each end of the program's step, result of national examination, and difficulties encountered during the residency program. And lastly, data at the end of the residency program are the GPA and the duration of the residency.Results: There was a significant correlation between the residents' medical faculty origin and their results at the end of each step (p=0.004). There were also significant correlations between age (p=0.004), medical faculty origin (p=0.008), selection result (p=0.002) and their final GPA. Gender also have a significant correlation with difficulties encountered during the residency program (p=0.001). No significant correlation found between selection’s assessment items and duration of the residency.Conclusion: There were some significant correlations between some selection's criteria and the performance of ophthalmology residency program's participants. The medical faculty origin was found to be the strongest predictor to predict the performance of the residents.
CREATING LOW-COST ANIMATION VIDEO USING ONLINE PLATFORM: A LEARNING MEDIA USER REVIEW
Authors: Kurniawati Noviarina
Published: April 2020

Background: A shift in modern learner learning preference and expansive growth of computer capacities leads to a more widely use of multimedia instructions, including animation videos. Creating animation instructions can be time and resource-consuming. A means of low-cost animation video making platform is favorable. This article aims to review an example of online platform for animation video making.Learning Media Review: Powtoonâ is an online video making and editing platform for producing 2D animation videos. It provides animation attributes, i.e. icons, characters, text, background pictures, etc., and editing technology. The features can be accessed in several bundling and pricing alternatives depends on users need. The article also describes some points in terms of advantages and disadvantages of this online platform. Animation in education can be used for gaining learners’ attention; demonstration of a process or procedures; and supporting explanation for conceptual understanding. Brief discussions about educational theories related to animation video development and use are included.Conclusion: Alternatives of online platforms are available and can be used to develop low-cost educational animation video. Teachers as designer should develop a meaningful concept and storyline guided by the application of sound educational theories during the development and in class implementation.
Medidas para optimizar la instrumentación de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar por parte de México
Authors: Jiménez Morán Sotomayor Fabiola
Published: April 2020

La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar es un instrumento internacional quasi universal que regula las actividades en los océanos. Su adecuada instrumentación es fundamental para el aprovechamiento sostenible y conservación de los mismos. México tiene pendiente instrumentar en derecho interno la Parte XI de la Convención, relativa a la realización de actividades en la Zona. Este artículo profundiza sobre dos acciones que el país puede llevar a cabo para avanzar en esta instrumentación: el desarrollo de normatividad nacional que regule la materia y la reforma de la Ley Federal del Mar.Asimismo, propone un texto de reforma a la referida ley.
La crisis de la Organización Mundial del Comercio: problemas e (im) posibles soluciones
Authors: Petrova Georgieva Virdzhiniya
Published: April 2020

La Organización Mundial del Comercio atraviesa, en la actualidad, por una doble crisis que manifiesta su imposibilidad de cumplir con las funciones que le fueron asignadas por su propio tratado constitutivo. En primer lugar, el funcionamiento de dicha organización se caracteriza por un bloqueo institucional que le impide administrar eficazmente los acuerdos comerciales internacionales, concluidos bajo sus auspicios. En segundo lugar, la Organización Mundial del Comercio ha fracasado en su capacidad de servir de foro para las negociaciones comerciales multilaterales. Las causas de esta doble crisis son complejas y las posibles soluciones a la misma no son suficientes para que la organización pueda salir del impasse en el que se encuentra.
Vulnerability of Special Agreements Signed by Non-State Armed Groups in Non-International Conflicts
Authors: Giovannetti Lugo Cecilia , Montalvo Velásquez Cristina
Published: April 2020

El derecho internacional ha reconocido la existencia y la fuerza legal de acuerdos especiales firmados por actores no estatales (NSAG ) en el contexto de conflictos armados no internacionales (NIAC ). Sin embargo, considerando el escaso desarrollo de esta área en el derecho internacional, la praxis evidencia que los gobiernos nacionales brindan un tratamiento legal diferente a estos instrumentos. En consecuencia, no existe un camino claro para obligar a las partes a cumplir lo que acordaron internacionalmente. Este documento tiene como objetivo establecer la vulnerabilidad de los acuerdos especiales como resultado de la falta de protección del derecho internacional. Como principales puntos de reflexión, se aborda: a) la capacidad legal de los actores no estatales, b) el tratamiento legal que el derecho internacional confiere a estos instrumentos, y c) revisión de casos.
Sobre la independencia de los tribunales arbitrales CIADI
Authors: Bonyuet Lee Díckar , Pérez Pacheco Yaritza
Published: April 2020

El Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones (CIADI) es una institución dedicada a la solución de controversias entre inversionistas y Estados (SCIE). A partir de la década de los noventa, el número de casos sometidos al CIADI se ha venido incrementando. Sin embargo, se ha cuestionado la independencia de sus árbitros en la toma de decisiones, afirmando que los laudos emitidos por estos tribunales favorecen a los países desarrollados, de los cuales suelen provenir los inversores extranjeros demandantes. El objeto de este trabajo es determinar, a través de un estudio estadístico de los laudos, si efectivamente los árbitros se han parcializado hacia los inversores demandantes en los laudos del CIADI, para ello se determinará el número de casos en los cuales los tribunales arbitrales favorecen a los inversores y los que favorecen a los Estados demandados. Además, se investigará si las decisiones de los tribunales arbitrales CIADI son independientes de la integración de estos, en cuanto a la nacionalidad de sus árbitros.
A Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos nos anos 80: Uma “Corte” Pedro Nikken?
Authors: Legale Siddharta
Published: April 2020

A história da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (Corte IDH) permite identificar perfis diferentes que se alteraram ao longo do tempo. Nos anos 80, os primeiros casos submetidos a sua apreciação revelam uma Corte tipicamente consultiva que avança em direção a uma corte mais contenciosa e interveniente nos anos 90. A judicatura e a presidência do magistrado Pedro Nikken permitem traçar uma metonímia do comportamento da Corte IDH durante nesse período, devido as suas obras enquanto jurista e de suas decisões enquanto juiz. O contexto histórico de ascensão dos Direitos Humanos e a ideia de desenvolvimento progressivo traz o plano de fundo no qual se insere a proposta de uma “Corte Pedro Nikken” que analisa criticamente a expansão da jurisdição contenciosa Corte IDH. As opiniões consultivas e os casos contencioso julgados pela Corte IDH demonstram etapas diferentes de desenvolvimentos e formação da própria identidade da Corte.
Entre retórica y realidad. Bocetos actuales de la relación México-Estados Unidos
Authors: Corzo Aceves Víctor Emilio
Published: April 2020

La relación bilateral entre México y Estados Unidos siempre ha sido contradictoria: por un lado, la retórica oficial maneja un discurso de confrontación, mientras que la realidad, por el otro, muestra una amplia cooperación. Con la llegada de dos presidentes que se autodefinen como “anti-establishment”, como Donald Trump y Andrés Manuel López Obrador, el presente artículo busca analizar los primeros meses de gobierno en los que han coincidido sus administraciones, para determinar si hay o no un cambio de rumbo en la relación México – EE.UU.
Penyerapan Ion Logam Merkuri Menggunakan Arang Aktif Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca Formatypica)
Authors: Musafira  , Dzulkifli  , Fadrinah  , Qadrini Laila
Published: April 2020

This research aimed to determine the percentage of mercury metal ion adsorbed in kapok banana peel’s activated carbon. It was done by applying Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 variations of contact time, pH, and mercury concentration (i.e 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes; pH of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; and concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ppm, accordingly). The result showed that the equilibrium time was reached at 30 minutes, the maximum pH was reached at pH 5 and the maximum of adsorbed mercury ion at 40 ppm of mercury ion concentration. The adsorption percentages of those parameters were 61%, 98%, and 99%, respectively.

Keywords: Kepok banana’s peel, charcoal, mercury metal ion.
Festival City, Rotterdam
Authors: Dooghe David
Published: April 2020

In an environment that sees cities vying to attract people, businesses and investments in increasingly competitive markets, many municipalities have identified place identity and image as parts of their unique selling point. The high profile and collaborative nature of festivals means that they are seen by city marketing bodies as an important tool in shaping and widening awareness of the unique qualities of their city’s particular cultural and built environments. The extent to which an audience identifies with a festival or a city (and are willing to invest time and money) strongly determines how successful both the festival and the city’s further development will be. Accordingly, festivals are being placed at the heart of strategic development of some cities’ physical and human infrastructures. Festival City - Rotterdam is an urban design study that researches the symbiotic collaboration between festivals and urban development to see how they can forge stronger identities for each by working collaboratively. The specific communities that organise and support festivals in Rotterdam are central in this study’s findings. Community involvement, the visibility of the festival between editions and the specific audience appeal strongly influence how festivals can be used to catalyse the relationship between the social and urban structure of a city. Without the fertile ground provided by a supporting community, a festival will not flower. This chapter will examine this strategy in more depth, using two festival case studies from Rotterdam: the Caribbean Summer in the Afrikaanderwijk and an example of urban theatre on the Coolsingel. It will also consider Soundpiece, an ongoing project on the Schouwburgplein. These case studies and their relationship with Rotterdam’s urban development plans are described below.
Festivals as Communities of Practice, Learning by doing and knowledge networks amongst artists
Authors: Comunian Roberta
Published: April 2020

Much research and debate on the impact and roles played by arts festivals in regional development concentrates on their external impacts and on two as- pects in particular. One is the economic impact of festivals and their potential to attract tourism and therefore benefit the local economy; second is the role they can play in rebranding or regenerating a locality, specifically looking at people’s pride in place, social cohesion and the participation of specific social groups. However, instead of looking at the external impacts of festivals on communities and economies, this chapter will examine the impact of festivals on one of their core stakeholders: participating artists (Glow and Caust, 2010). 1 The research takes theoretical approaches from the regional and organisational studies field, such as ‘communities of practice’ (Wenger, 1998), ‘learning by doing’ (Arrow, 1962), learning-by-interacting (Lundvall, 1992) and ‘temporary clusters’ (Bathelt and Schuldt, 2008) to explore the creative practice of artists involved in an emerging UK arts festival (Fuse Medway Festival, Kent). It discusses the role of the festival on artists’ careers, their creative practice and their ability to learn and connect with other creative producers and asks: ‘are festivals also knowledge communities?’
The Enchanted City, Holstebro Festive Week, an experiential and social cultural space
Authors: Winkelhorn Kathrine
Published: April 2020

In 1989 Odin Teatret established the Holstebro Festive Week (Denmark), and did so by involving the entire city and its inhabitants. The Festive Week promptly became an on-going event, which takes place every three years in June. What characterises the Holstebro Festive Week in particular? And how has this event influenced the city and its citizens in the longer run? In other words, how can an event like the Festive Week contribute to enriching a city for more than just a week? When I interviewed the Mayor about the Festival and the theatre’s role in the event, he said: “What the theatre brings us is popular and I think it is crucial that we get common experiences in which we can mirror ourselves – in the selfish society we are currently living in. In Holstebro we have become dependent on Odin Teatret, which makes us take part and which has become a common denominator for the entire city. It is a gift that we have Odin Theatret” (interview with the author, June 2011). 1 It is a rather unusual statement for a mayor to make that a theatre is a gift for a city and that it has become a ‘common denominator’ 2 for the city – and, what is more that the city has become dependent on the theatre. In this chapter I will reveal and explore how Odin Teatret involves the entire city. I will try to give a clear answer as to why the Mayor described the theatre as a ‘common denominator’. In my investigation of the theatre’s approach to the Festive Week I use my personal experience and knowledge from my time as assistant manager at the theatre (1987-88). Most of my research has been carried out in the form of field studies conducted during the Festival Weeks in 2008 and 2011. During both festivals I spent one week in Holstebro and the surrounding villages watching and observing how the local audience responded to the activities. In addition I carried out a series of semi-structured interviews with representatives from Holstebro: the head of police, the Deputy Mayor, the director of a travel agency, a librarian, a policeman, the Chairman of the Cultural Affairs Committee of the City Council, the head of city planning, the project leader from the Odin Theatre and a senior lecturer living in Holstebro and working at Aarhus University and finally the Mayor.
Festivals, Why, What, When, A case study of Berlin
Authors: Hertling Nele
Published: April 2020

The focus for this chapter is a reflection on the relevance and role of festivals in contemporary life. It is prompted by reading nearly one hundred applications from young festival managers who were applying to participate in a professional Atelier organised by the European Festivals Association. What became very clear from this exercise was the importance of reflection on why we invest so much energy into festivals. The applicants’ submissions also prompted me to consider ‘Who are we doing this for?’ and more fundamentally to think about how to create, develop or sustain a festival in 2013. This reflection is not aimed at, nor does it discuss or question the existence of traditional big events, such as Salzburg, Bayreuth, Edinburgh or Avignon. Their continued existence (for the foreseeable future) may be more or less taken for granted. Due to their cultural weight and longevity they have developed as important touristic events and, in this respect therefore, they are atypical and not central to the focus of this debate on festivals today.
Event Portfolios and Stakeholder Networks
Authors: Antchak Vladimir , Ziakas Vassilios , Getz Donald
Published: April 2020

Stakeholder theory and management are of great importance within the events sector (van Niekerk & Getz, 2019). The focus of this chapter is on stakeholder cooperation and management within an event portfolio. First, the nature of inter-organisational relationships in the event sector will be examined. Second, the effects of strategic collaboration between different actors in a portfolio network will be analysed. Last, the characteristics of institutional structures and specifics of portfolio governance will be introduced and discussed.
International Comparison of Festival and Event Cities and their Portfolios
Authors: Antchak Vladimir , Ziakas Vassilios , Getz Donald
Published: April 2020

In this chapter a systematic comparison of 23 eventful cities has been con- ducted to gain insights on event portfolio development and management. All the selected cities are the recipients of the IEFA (International Festivals and Events Association) World Festival and Event City Award (https://www.ifea.com/p/industryawards/worldfestivalandeventcityaward). The application documents were downloaded from the IFEA website, covering awards from 2014-2018. These submissions by cities are available to members only. Some cities have received the award multiple times; only their most recent submission has been reviewed. This data collection method has limitations, as the geographic representation is weak (See Figure 12.1) which limits opportunities for generalisation. Another limitation is that the application documents follow a pro-forma set by the IFEA that does not specifically pertain to portfolios and their design and management.
Event Portfolio Leveraging
Authors: Antchak Vladimir , Ziakas Vassilios , Getz Donald
Published: April 2020

In order to exploit the strategic value of an event portfolio, a set of leveraging activities should be designed and implemented by event portfolio managers (Ziakas, 2014a). Such activities could be focused on the relationships among different events and their stakeholders. They can synergise events with one another and with the host destination’s overall product and service mix (Ziakas, 2010, 2014a; Ziakas & Costa, 2011). This chapter thoroughly considers the concepts of leveraging and cross-leveraging and their application.
Edinburgh, a Festival City
Authors: Antchak Vladimir , Ziakas Vassilios , Getz Donald
Published: April 2020

Edinburgh has long been recognized as a global model for “festival cities”, and is often cited as a leader in the planning and evaluation of events. In 2010 Edinburgh won the World Festival and Event City award from the International Festival and Event Association (IFEA) and was declared the most outstanding global entry. According to Visit Scotland’s 2015 visitor survey (cited in BOP Consulting 2018, p. 8), “Edinburgh’s Festivals each year deliver over 3,000 events, reaching audiences of more than 4.5 million and creating the equivalent of approximately 6,000 full time jobs. 32% of the 14 million+ annual visitors to Scotland are moti- vated by the nation’s cultural and heritage offer, in which the Festivals play a defining role.” The city is frequently cited in the events literature, and its generous posting of material online is a boon to scholars and practitioners alike. The companion book in this series, Event Impact Assessment (Getz, 2019), presents highlights from a succession of impact studies that Festivals Edinburgh has placed online, while in this book we examine portfolio management through a review of published documents (all available online) and input from Festivals Edinburgh. Permanent, formal stakeholder collaboration, and strategic planning sup- ported by research is in large part what distinguishes Edinburgh’s event port- folio. The Festivals Forum (established in 2007 following the first Thundering Hooves report) facilitates stakeholder collaboration, particularly by bringing major funders to the table with events and venues. Festivals Edinburgh is a formal, staffed association of the eleven major, permanent festivals that contrib- ute most to the city’s image and to event-tourism impacts. Leadership is shared, not concentrated in one organization. As well, the city and Scottish Government work closely together, facilitated by the explicit portfolio strategy followed by EventScotland. Innovation in programming the festivals is matched by leadership in envi- ronmental sustainability and social responsibility. Engagement with residents is considered to be a high priority, and this includes demonstrating benefits through regular and comprehensive impact studies that cover cultural, social, economic and environmental impacts. Investment in venues and infrastructure has also been a priority for the city.
Event Portfolios and Cultural Exhibitions in Canberra and Melbourne
Authors: Gorchakova Valentina
Published: April 2020

The sustainable development of an event portfolio requires a synergy between the different types of events included in it. The pool of events that are commonly used by city event planners and destination marketers usually revolve around major sport events, cultural festivals and celebrations, and world trade expositions. Some cities, however, also attract and stage international touring exhibitions that bring together a collection of rare art works, significant cultural objects, or memorabilia to tour a limited number of destinations. In this chapter, major events such as international touring exhibitions will be explored as key components of portfolios of events in Canberra and Melbourne. The chapter discusses the different ways event and tourism planners in Canberra and Melbourne have been approaching major touring exhibitions, and the specific roles these events can play in delivering a balanced and successful portfolio. It will be demonstrated that the decision making around events and event portfolio composition needs to be considered within a wider context, in the light of the city’s geography and demographics, as well as political, social and cultural factors. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted in Canberra and Melbourne, Australia. The primary data was collected from 12 semi-structured interviews with managers and executives in tourism and major events planning in both cities, as well as managers and curators of the cultural institutions that had hosted major touring exhibitions. The secondary data included a range of documents pertinent to the cities’ tourism and major events policy and strategy, existing research about touring exhibitions, and websites and articles in the mass media. In the chapter, examples of past major exhibitions are given.
Portfolio Evaluation and Impact Assessment
Authors: Antchak Vladimir , Ziakas Vassilios , Getz Donald
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce and explore the main event port- folio evaluation and impact assessment methods. The principles of financial portfolio management are discussed, considering their applicability to event portfolio evaluation, which should be done with caution, as events are not merely financial assets. The chapter highlights that the evaluation of event portfolios is complex, requiring new theories, methods and measures. To develop a comprehensive evaluation system, it is emphasised that there is a need for a multi-stakeholder approach to valuing event portfolios, considering both intrinsic values and extrinsic measures of worth. The chapter discusses four types of impact assessment and their application to portfolio evaluation. Key terms and concepts are explained, including value, evaluation, impact assessment, asset, outputs, and outcomes. The relevance of organisational ecology theory to portfolio evaluation is stressed. The nature and use of logic and theory of change models are examined followed by a discussion of portfolio strategy models and their relevance to evaluation. Finally, it is illustrated how to assess values against costs and risks within portfolios.
WORK-LIFE BALANCE KONSULTAN PAJAK DI KANTOR KONSULTAN “X” DI SURABAYA
Authors: Putri Thalia Febiola , Sugiarti Yenny
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the work-life balance and worker satisfaction for his work as a tax consultant. Factors that can affect the work-life balance are work environment, flexibility, financial factors, and work culture. The object of this research is “X” Tax Consultant Office in Surabaya. This study used qualitative methods using semi-structured interview and direct observation. Based on the result of interviews and observations obtained result that flexibility and work environment have a role in determining work-life balance this is also supported by work environment and work culture provided by “X” Tax Consultannt Office. The results showed that there were 2 conditions of work on tax consultants where there was a balance between work and personal life during the low season and imbalance during the peak season, however the consultants were satisfied with the overall work-life balance they were carrying out.
FAKTORISASI PADA GRAF REGULER
Authors: Prasetyo Joko
Published: April 2020

This research aims to: (1) know the criteria of a graph that has a -factor, (2) know the conditions of a regular graph that has a 1-factorization , (3) know the conditions of a regular graph that has a 2-factorization.This research is a qualitative descriptive study using the method of literature study or literature review where a study of books, scientific journals, and other literature languages is carried out relating to factorization on regular graphs. This research begins by discussing the definitions and examples of euler graphs and regular bipartite multigraphs. Next in reviewing the terms of a regular graph which has a 1-factorization and which has a 2-factorization, it starts by discussing the definition and theorem of matching on bipartite graphs, definitions and examples of factorization graphs, then discussing the proof of theorem of regular graphs that have a 1-factor and a regular graph which has a 2-factor.The results of this study indicate that: (1) Graph  is said to be -factorable  or can be factored into -factor , if can be decomposed or be eksplained into spanning subgraphs , where each  has a -factor and is edge-disjoint from , that is 1)  2)  … n) = . (2) The condition for a graph that has a 1-factorization is, if the graph is a -regular bipartite multigraph, with . (3) The condition for a graph that has a 2-factorization is, if the graph is a -regular graph, with .               Key words: Bipartite graphs, Factorization, Decomposition, Regular graph.
PENERAPAN METODE SCAMPER DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH DITINJAU DARI MOTIVASI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS SEMBILANBELAS NOVEMBER KOLAKA
Authors: Tahir Tahir , Murniati Murniati
Published: April 2020

This research is based on learning in tertiary institutions which requires more active, independent and creative learners. of the importance of using appropriate learning methods in mathematics learning at the university level. SCAMPER is a technique that can be used to spark creativity and help overcome challenges that might be encountered in the form of a list of general goals with ideas spurring questions. This research aims to develop students' problem solving skills using the SCAMPER method in terms of student motivation. The population in this study were all semester V students of mathematics education study programs, which were also the research samples. From the analysis of the data it was found that the SCAMPER method was better in developing students' problem solving abilities with an average increase of 0.52 compared to conventional methods with an average increase of 0.45. In addition there is a difference between improving students' problem solving abilities when viewed from their motivation. But there is no interaction between motivational factors and learning methods.
Bali Diaspora di Daerah Transmigrasi: Representasi Kearifan Lokal Bali di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Punia I Nengah , Budi Nugroho Wahyu
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini mengkaji representasi kearifan lokal Bali dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat transmigran Bali di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Kajian ini juga untuk mengetahui sejauh mana representasi budaya berimplikasi terhadap interaksi sosial antara masyarakat Bali diaspora dengan penduduk asli dan transmigran asal daerah lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dengan angket dan wawancara sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar kearifan lokal Bali masih terrepresentasi dalam keseharian hidup masyarakat transmigran Bali di Bolaang Mongondow, kecuali subak dan arsitektur Bali dirasa masih kurang. Interaksi antara masyarakat transmigran Bali di Bolaang Mongondow dengan penduduk asli dan transmigran dari daerah lain sangatlah harmonis. Hal ini dikarenakan masih kuatnya berbagai filosofi Bali seperti Tri Hita Karana (Tiga Penyebab Kebahagiaan) dan manyama braya (persaudaraan) dalam keseharian hidup masyarakat transmigran Bali di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Kata kunci:  representasi, kearifan lokal, transmigran Bali, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow
Modal Budaya Guru Yoga Lokal Menghadapi Persaingan Global dalam Pariwisata Yoga di Bali
Authors: Sutarya I Gede
Published: April 2020

Pariwisata yoga di Bali telah berjalan dari tahun 1980-an hingga saat ini, awalnya diciptakan oleh para guru yoga di luar negeri. Namun, pada tahun 2000-an, guru yoga lokal Bali mulai muncul dan ikut bersaing dengan guru yoga luar negeri. Artikel ini mengkaji kemampuan guru yoga lokal dalam bersaing melawan guru yoga asing dalam bisnis pariwisata yoga. Analisis difokuskan pada modal budaya yang dimiliki oleh guru yoga lokal Bali dan peran modal budaya dalam persaingan bisnis pariwisata yoga. Data dikumpulkan dengan studi literatur, observasi non-partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan survei. Data itu dianalisis dengan teori habitus dan teori perencanaan produk. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa modal budaya unik yang dimiliki oleh guru yoga Bali adalah bekal bagi mereka untuk menghadapi persaingan dalam bisnis pariwisata yoga yang akhirnya menjadi cara bagi mereka untuk melestarikan modal budaya itu.Kata Kunci: pariwisata yoga, modal budaya, keunikan yoga Bali
Fungsi Ekoleksikon Kecantikan dalam Lontar Bali Indrani Sastra
Authors: Beratha Ni Luh Sutjiati , Sukarini Ni Wayan , Rajeg I Made
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini menganalisis fenomena kebahasaan yang berkaitan dengan resep kecantikan yang bersumber dari naskah Lontar Indrani Sastra. Resep kecantikan dalam lontar Indrani Sastra merupakan warisan budaya leluhur dan telah menyatu dengan kehidupan masyarakat Bali.  Bali menjadi terkenal karena telah banyak menyimpan naskah-naskah kuna yang merupakan warisan budaya pulau ini. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan kerja lapangan, dan menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah teori fungsi bahasa. Fungsi ekoleksikon tentang kecantikan yang terkandung dalam lontar Indrani Sastra dapat dipilah menjadi tiga yaitu (1) fungsi informatif, (2) fungsi interaktif, dan (3) fungsi imajinatif. Fungsi informatif berkaitan dengan berbagai informasi mengenai tanaman resep kecantikan, bagian tubuh yang dapat diobati, dan cara-cara pengobatan. Fungsi interaktif ditemukan melalui dialog antara Dewi Saci dengan Rukmini. Demikian pula fungsi imajinatif ditemukan melalui penggunaan metafora ekoleksikon panggal buaya (panggal buaya), dan ekoleksikon Arjuna.Kata Kunci:  resep, kecantikan, lontar, ekoleksikon
Mitos Keris Ki Baru Gajah: Sumber Tekstual Tradisi Pembersihan Keris di Kecamatan Kediri, Tabanan, Bali
Authors: Meitridwiastiti Anak Agung Ayu , Kusuma Atmaja I Gusti Bagus Agung , Desy Damayanthi Ni Putu
Published: April 2020

Mitos Keris Ki Baru Gajah seperti tertulis dalam teks Purana Pura Luhur Pakendungan di Kecamatan Kediri, Tabanan, Bali menjadi sumber tekstual dari tradisi ritual pembersihan nglisah, mengoleskan minyak ke bilah keris. Artikel ini menganalisis sebuah mitos Keris Ki Baru Gajah yang memberikan kontribusi bagi pelestarian kebudayaan sehingga makna dan fungsi dari upacara nglisah dapat dimengerti dan dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, wawancara, dan perekaman. Teori yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah teori fungsi dan semiotik. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa mitos Keris Ki Baru Gajah berfungsi sebagai panduan dalam pelaksanaan tradisi nglisah. Selain itu, mitos ini juga berfungsi sebagai media pendidikan masyarakat, mempererat hubungan sosial masyarakat, dan dipercaya sebagai pengusir wabah penyakit. Makna dari mitos tersebut, yaitu makna simbolik, loyalitas, dan kesuburan. Diharapkan dengan tradisi yang berasal dari sebuah mitos dapat memberikan keharmonisan dan kesejahteraan kehidupan dalam masyarakat di Kecamatan Kediri, Tabanan, Bali.Kata Kunci : nglisah, implementasi, fungsi, dan makna
Internet as a network or hierarchical structure: concept of network in postmodern philosophy and social science of the late XX – early XXI centuries
Authors: Popova Aleksandra Vital'evna
Published: April 2020

This article is dedicated to philosophical analysis of the phenomena and concepts of network and hierarchy. In philosophy of the postmodern theoreticians, hierarchical structures are subjected to criticism. Thus, one of the brightest images of non-hierarchical organization – rhizome – was suggested by G, Deleuze and F. Guattari in the context of their opposition to the traditional hierarchical image of a tree, which was attributed by the philosophers to the basis of Western culture and civilization. Criticism of hierarchical organization is associated with “dissolution” of a subject. The article analyzes the current state of computer networks and Internet for correspondence to the concept of “network”. The theoreticians of postmodernism associate the promotion of the concept of network with the postmodern reconsideration of a subject, since from now on it does not originate culture, but is originated and inscribed into one of the multiple cultural texts, and none of these texts does not have an advantage over others. The task of retaining integrity of the subject is no longer inherently valued, since any value of the subject simultaneously means establishing the hierarchy of events and occurrences around it. Therefore, the reverse action to integration becomes dissolution, associated with spread of the concept of network. The perception of Internet as a network in philosophy and social sciences is based on the desire to find confirmation to the theoretical model of network. But the Internet in many ways reproduces hierarchical structure within itself, which leaves open the question on the existence of nonhierarchical structures.