bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xenia studies in exotic and indigenous almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) varieties of Kashmir, India
Authors: Majid Shabeena , Kumar Amit , Bashir Sabia , Seerat-ul-Nisa  , Amin Asima , Nagoo Shaheena Ahmad , Rashid Zahida , Dar Z. A. , Paul Saima
Published: June 2020

Pollination is very important to obtain an economic yield, and the selection of pollinizer with suitable quality and quantity of pollen is an essential practice in different fruit plants. The effects of pollen parent on kernel and nut characters are known to occur in several nut crops and to determine the best pollinizer and effect of pollen source on the nut and kernel quality of almond (Prunus amygdalus L.). The present investigation was carried out at the experiment farm of Dryland Agriculture Research Station (DARS), SKUAST-Kashmir for two consecutive years, i.e. 2008 and 2009. Various cross combinations were made among nine almond (three exotic and six indigenous) varieties/selections which are compatible with each other. Their nut and kernel characteristics were determined and observed maximum nut weight (2.21 g), nut length (39.78 mm) and nut breadth (20.33 mm), kernel weight (1.28 g), kernel length (28.63 mm) and kernel breadth (12.61 mm) and shelling percentage (57.99 %). In the present study it has been observed that the parent with big nut and kernel size and weight influenced the nut and kernel size; nut and kernel weight of the recipient parent significantly (p?0.05).
Three-plant stubble (Family: Fabaceae) as a substrate for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kummer., in Mexico
Authors: Cayetano-Catarino Maricela , Bernabé-González Teodoro , Bernabé-Villanueva Gadiel , Romero-Flores Adalid
Published: June 2020

Mushroom cultivation is an economically feasible bio-technological process for conversion of various agricultural by-products. In Mexico, a large quantity of lignocellulosic residues is generated and several of them have been used as a substrate in the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. Thus, high nutritional value food is produced at a relatively low cost. In this study, fermented chickpea stubble (Cicer arietinum L.); bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stubble sun-dried were used as a substrate for growing a strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kummer. (IE-8). On the chickpea stubble, the spawning was carried out on three, five and seven days of fermentated (FCS-3, FCS-5 and FCS-7, respectively) substrate. Highest productivity was obtained on the FCS-3 substrate with the formation of first primordia between 15 and 17 days; crop cycle between 44 to 49 days, with 156% of biological efficiency (BE), 46.8% of yield (Y) and 3.3% of production rate (PR). In the other treatments, forming first primordia was between 16 to 35 days, crop cycles between 43 and 61 days, with BE from 76.2% to 130.2%, Y between 16.8% to 39.0% and PR between 1.7% to 2.9%. Stubbles studied can be used as a substrate for the cultivation of the strain IE-8 on a small to large scale in the regions where they are generated, mainly the stubble of the chickpea plant.
Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Thamaraiselvi R, , Arulmozhiselvan K.
Published: June 2020

Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil.  For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.
Análisis de una serie de casos de pacientes adultos con dermatitis atópica severa tratados con dupilumab en Argentina
Authors: Máspero Jorge , Angles María Valeria , Ardusso Ledit , Brancciforte Milagros , Castro Carla , Cruz Iturrieta Carmen , Chouela Ezequiel , De Gennaro Mónica Silvia , Fernández Bussy Ramón , Galimberti María Laura , Galimberti Ricardo Luis , Gattolin Gabriel , Luna Paula Carolina , Magariños Gabriel , Marini Mariano Gabriel , Maskin Matías , Plafnik Romina , Raimondo Nélida , Russo Juan Pedro , Sevinsky Luis , Stringa Matías Federico
Published: June 2020

Introducción: El tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica (DA) severa es una necesidad insatisfecha, dada la limitada eficacia y seguridad de los tratamientos sistémicos clásicos (TSC). Dupilumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal que bloquea la señalización de las interleuquinas mediadoras de la respuesta inflamatoria involucrada en la DA. Métodos: se analizó la respuesta clínica de un grupo de pacientes de Argentina con DA severa y respuesta insuficiente y/o toxicidad a los TSC que fueron tratados con dupilumab antes de su disponibilidad comercial. Se evaluaron las escalas EASI, SCORAD, DLQI y escalas visuales analógicas de prurito y sueño, durante una mediana de 189 días de seguimiento, así como la incidencia de eventos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 pacientes (13 varones); mediana de edad: 37,5 años; mediana de evolución de la DA: 20 años; comorbilidad atópica: 70%. El 100% habían recibido corticoides sistémicos (complicaciones graves: 20%). Los principales motivos de suspensión de los TSC fueron falta de eficacia y aparición de eventos adversos. Los puntajes de todas las escalas se redujeron significativa y sostenidamente, con respuesta clínica evidente al segundo mes de tratamiento. Al final del seguimiento, solo 3 pacientes requerían tratamiento inmunosupresor sistémico concomitante. Dupilumab fue bien tolerado, con eventos adversos leves y controlables. Discusión: el dupilumab constituye el único agente biológico con elevada eficacia demostrada en estudios clínicos y observacionales. En esta casuística, se confirmó su efectividad en pacientes con DA severa de difícil tratamiento y respuesta inadecuada a los TSC. El perfil de seguridad resultó favorable y sostenido a mediano plazo.
Influencia del síndrome de pseudoexfoliación capsular en la pérdida auditiva
Authors: Real Juan Pablo , Campana Vilma , Luna Consuelo , Acosta Luciana , Coronel Mariana , Gomez-Demmel Eduardo , Tartara Luis Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Introducción: El Síndrome de Pseudoexfoliación (PEX) es un trastorno genético-hereditario, consiste en el depósito de microfibras de elastina en tejido intra y extraocular. El PEX es una de las causas secundarias identificables más comunes del glaucoma. Varios estudios han asociado el PEX con afecciones sistémicas y se ha descripto el hallazgo de material fibrilar en las estructuras del oído interno, similares al de pseudoexfoliación detectado en el ojo.

Objetivo: comparar los niveles de audiométricos en pacientes con y sin PEX ocular.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles. Se seleccionaron 48 historias clínicas de pacientes que asistieron al servicio de oftalmología del Hospital Privado de Córdoba, entre enero del 2015 y diciembre de 2017, de entre 59 y 75 años. Se los dividió en grupos: controles (n=22): sin PEX y casos (n=26): con PEX. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes a los que se les realizaron estudios oftalmológicos y audiométricos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test T de Student para muestras independientes y apareadas; en todos los casos se consideró un nivel de significación  ≤ 0.05.

Resultados: El porcentaje de pérdida auditiva fue del 56,8% en el grupo control y un 82,7% en el grupo PEX. La incapacidad porcentual en el grupo con PEX fue mayor en la audición monoaural (p=0,0008) y biaural (p=0,0307) con respecto a los pacientes sin PEX.

Conclusión: Los pacientes con PEX ocular mostraron un porcentaje mayor de hipoacusia, en comparación con aquellos pacientes sin evidencia oftalmológica de PEX.
Neumonía por COVID-19: hallazgos tomográficos
Authors: Castro Horacio Matias , Seehaus Alberto
Published: June 2020

La enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) se ha expandido mundialmente y convertido en un problema prioritario de salud a nivel mundial. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con COVID-19 y se describen las características radiológicas más relevantes.
Effect of Exogenous Glutathione, Glutathione Reductase, Chlorine Dioxide, and Chlorite on Osmotic Fragility of Rat Blood In Vitro
Authors: Abdel-Rahman M. S. , Couri D. , Bull R. J.
Published: June 2020

Chlorine dioxide (CIO2), chlorite (CIO-2), and chlorate (CIO-3) in drinking water decreased blood glutathione and RBC osmotic fragility in vivo. The osmotic fragility and glutathione content were also studied in rat blood treated with CIO2, CIO-2, CIO-3 in vitro. RBC hemolysis was decreased in rat blood after 30, 60, and 120 minutes by all treatments. The glutathione content expressed as percentage of controls was decreased with incubation time. When CIO2 was added with reduced glutathione (GSH) to the blood, no effect on hemolysis was observed compared to control or to GSH alone at 2 hours, but decreased hemolysis was observed with CIO2 treatment alone. Addition of NADPH alone prevented CIO2 and CIO-2 and CIO-3 from exhibiting hemolysis resistance, while glutathione reductase (GR) and its cofactor (NADPH) increased hemolysis about 1.5–2 fold. Removing GR only resulted in increased resistance to hemolysis with CIO2 or CIO-2. The formation of disulfide bonds between sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytic membranes and hemoglobin, causing precipitation of hemoglobin (yielding apparent resistance to hemolysis) can account for the difference between the hemolysis before and after the addition of GR.
Assessment of the Systemic Effects, Primary Dermal Irritation, and Ocular Irritation of Chlorhexidine Acetate Solutions
Authors: Greener Y. , McCartney M. , Jordan L. , Schmitt D. , Youkilis E. J.
Published: June 2020

The biologic effects of various chlorhexidine acetate (ClAc) solutions containing isopropyl alcohol, Synperonic NP8, and carmoisin were evaluated (1) following intraperitoneal (IP) administration in rats for 5 consecutive days followed by a 5-day recovery period, (2) by measuring the primary irritation of the skin by a patch-test technique on intact and abraded skin of rabbits, and (3) following instillation into the eyes or rabbits followed by washing 50% of the treated eyes with lukewarm water in order to evaluate ocular irritation. Physiologic saline solution served as the control article throughout the studies. There was a high incidence of deaths (i.e., 28/32 and 11/16 for ClAc solutions with and without Synperonic NP8, respectively) among rats receiving IP treatment at a dosage of 40 ml/kg per day for 5 consecutive days. No toxicologically significant treatment-related changes were observed in rats treated IP with either surfactant or isopropyl alcohol with Synperonic NP8. Toxicity of ClAc solution appears to be due to a chemically induced peritonitis with no evidence of systemic toxicity. ClAc solution or the respective surfactants elicited either no reaction or a mild dermal irritation in the rabbit. Likewise, ClAc solution with or without Synperonic NP8 and the three respective surfactants did not cause any significant ocular irritation changes that are considered of toxicologic significance. It is concluded that (1) the multiple IP administration of ClAc solution elicited a toxic response in rats, and thus, caution must be exercised when the solution is used for the purposes of peritoneal lavage, and (2) ClAc solution is a mild dermal and ocular irritant in the rabbit.
Issues in Risk Assessment in Male Reproductive Toxicology
Authors: Zenick H. , Clegg E. D.
Published: June 2020

Efforts in the area of risk assessment have concentrated primarily on cancer as an outcome. However, attention is now being directed toward the development of strategies for assessing risk to other target systems. The Reproductive Effects Assessment Group in the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, is involved extensively in that effort in the areas of developmental and reproductive toxicology and mutagenicity. This group is currently preparing risk assessment guidelines for the male and female reproductive systems. Some of the issues associated with hazard identification and dose-response assessment with respect to male reproductive toxicity are discussed in the present paper.
Comparative Behavioral Toxicity of Physostigmine in Ferrets and Rats
Authors: Landauer M. R. , Leach G. J.
Published: June 2020

Marshall-bred ferrets( n = 10) and Sprague-Dawley derived rats ( N = 12) were monitored in a photocell cage for 20 minutes following an IP injection of physostigmine salicylate or vehicle. Doses ranged from 0.0125 to 0.4 mg/kg for ferrets and 0.05 to 0.8 mg/kg for rats in equal logarithmic intervals. A repeated measures Latin-square design was used with a minimum of 72 hours between tests. Vertical activity (rearing), horizontal activity (ambulation), and movement time were recorded. Both ferrets and rats showed a reduction in rearing at doses of 0.1 mg/kg or greater. Ambulation was significantly reduced from vehicle control levels at doses of 0.05 mg/kg or greater for ferrets and 0.1 mg/kg or greater for rats. Ferrets exhibited a significant decrease in movement time at doses of 0.025 mg/kg or greater, whereas rats did not show this reduction until doses of 0.1 mg/kg or larger were administered. It thus appears that, using these behavioral measures, ferrets are more responsive to the effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, than are rats.
A Possible Relationship Between Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
Authors: Zeise L. , Crouch E. A.C. , Wilson R.
Published: June 2020

Carcinogenic response is compared to noncarcinogenic toxicity in that group of chemicals tested by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) between 1976 and 1982 and reported in the Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series. A positive finding of carcinogenicity in the bioassay is correlated with the degree of noncarcinogenic chronic toxicity of the dose applied. Comparisons of acute toxicity (LD50) with carcinogenic potency show that they are correlated, but the correlation may in part be an artifact, since doses used in the NCI/NTP carcinogenesis bioassays are toxic and because reliable measures of potency can only be derived for positive carcinogenic responses. The high correlations for certain classes of chemicals and the relationship of chronic toxicity to positive carcinogenic finding suggest that these relationships are more than spurious. Since toxicities in different species are highly correlated, these findings imply that carcinogenicities in different species are also correlated.
The Effects of Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl)Phosphate on the Reproductive System of Male Rats
Authors: Cochran R. C. , Wiedow M. A.
Published: June 2020

Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (TRIS) administered intraperitoneally to adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 weeks at concentrations of 85.1 to 340.5 mg/week caused significant, dose-related declines in the weights of the testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles. Sperm production by the testes and sperm storage in the epididymides were also reduced. Although prostate weight declined, the effect was not correlated with the dose of TRIS. Neither serum concentrations of testosterone nor the testicular capacity to produce testosterone in vitro were affected by any dose of TRIS.
Growth Inhibition of Yeast by T-2, HT-2, T-2 Triol, T-2 Tetraol, Diacetoxyscirpenol, Verrucarol, Verrucarin A, and Roridin A Mycotoxins
Authors: Schappert K. T. , Koshinsky H. A. , Khachatourians G. G.
Published: June 2020

The effects of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, diacetoxyscirpenol, verrucarol, roridin A, and verrucarin A on the growth of yeast were studied. The influence of these trichothecenes on the growth of the yeasts varied markedly. Kluyveromyces fragilis was most sensitive to verrucarin A. The minimal inhibitory concentration and effective concentrations50 values for verrucarin A were 0.24 and 0.05 nmol/ml, respectively. T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, and verrucarol did not inhibit growth at the highest concentration tested. These eight trichothecenes inhibited mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Verrucarin A had the greatest toxicity toward the mitochondria of this yeast. In general, the order of toxicity was verrucarin A > roridin A > T-2 toxin > diacetoxyscirpenol > HT-2 toxin > verrucarol ≥ T-2 triol ≥ T-2 tetraol. These results show that these trichothecenes have different reactivities toward intracellular target(s).
2016 Chemogenetic workshop report
Authors: Eldridge Mark , Aguilar Brittany , Baxter Mark G , Bourne James A. , Carlson Verginia C. Cuzon , Deverman Benjamin E. , English Justin G. , Falchier Arnaud Y. , Fox Andrew S. , Galvan Adriana , Grant Kathleen A. , Inoue Ken-ichi , Jin Jian , Kalin Ned H. , Kash Thomas L , Malkova Ludise , Michaelides Mike , Minamimoto Takafumi , Oguchi Mineki , Raper Jessica , Rudebeck Peter H. , Sakagami Masamichi , Stauffer William R. , Sternson Scott M. , Takada Masahiko , Richmond Barry J.
Published: June 2020

Molecular tools - such as chemogenetics, optogenetics, and calcium sensors – have been shown in small animals, e.g., mice, zebrafish, and flies, to be powerful tools for studying the mechanisms underlying brain function. The adoption of molecular tools in animals with larger brains has been more difficult than it initially seemed it might be. The purpose of this conference was to gather the leaders of the groups currently engaged in chemogenetic research with nonhuman primates, and experts in related disciplines, to facilitate the exchange of technical information and scientific results and catalyze future collaborative efforts. The dissemination of previously unpublished findings will allow other researchers in the field to avoid having to repeat costly, tedious experiments when data already exist elsewhere.
How Destination Image Factors Affect Domestic Tourists Revisit Intention to Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh , Ngan Nguyen Thi Kim , Phuc Nguyen Pham Hanh , Tuan Huynh Quoc , Hong Ha Kim , Anh Huynh Diep Tram , Nhu Duong Thi Huynh , Lan Ngo Thi
Published: June 2020

This research examines the affect of destination image factors on revisit intention of domestic tourists at Ba Ria Vung-Tau (BRVT), by questioning directly 510 domestic tourists. The convenient sampling method is used in dividing the crowds into four groups; the four main surveyed areas in BRVT are: Vung Tau, Long Hai-Phuoc Hai, Xuyen Moc and Con Dao. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies were utilized. A focus group of 10 domestic tourists was set up to review and explore the various factors as well as the conceptual model. An in-depth interview with 12 participants was developed to fine-tune measurement items. The questionnaire applied a 5-point Likert scale. Checking the reliability by Cronbach’s Alpha, exploratory factor analyzing and linear multiple regression were used with the SPSS program. The results show that there are eight main destination image factors affecting domestic tourists revisit intention to BRVT using linear regression and arranged by decreasing importance: Infrastructure, Variety Seeking, Accessibility, Local food, Atmosphere, Environment, Price Value, Leisure and Entertainment. From that, the research offers some suggestions and policy recommendations for the tourism business and provincial policy-makers to identify the main issues and develop better customer services to increase domestic tourists’ revisit intention.
Voluntary attention improves performance similarly around the visual field
Authors: Purokayastha Simran , Roberts Mariel , Carrasco Marisa
Published: June 2020

Performance as a function of polar angle at isoeccentric locations across the visual field is known as a performance field (PF) and is characterized by two asymmetries: the HVA (Horizontal-Vertical Anisotropy) and VMA (Vertical Meridian Asymmetry). Exogenous (involuntary) spatial attention does not affect the shape of the PF, improving performance similarly across polar angle. Here we investigated whether endogenous (voluntary) spatial attention, a flexible mechanism, can attenuate these perceptual asymmetries. Twenty participants performed an orientation discrimination task while their endogenous attention was either directed to the target location or distributed across all possible locations. The effects of attention were assessed either using the same stimulus contrast across locations, or equating difficulty across locations using individually-titrated contrast thresholds. In both experiments, endogenous attention similarly improved performance at all locations, maintaining the canonical PF shape. Thus, despite its voluntary nature, like exogenous attention, endogenous attention cannot alleviate perceptual asymmetries at isoeccentric locations.
Coda: Creativity in psychological research versus in linguistics – Same but different?
Authors: Weiss Selina , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: June 2020

Understanding the very nature of creativity is a hot topic in research across various disciplines and has profound societal relevance. In this contribution, we discuss verbal creativity by highlighting its definition, psy-chometric measurement, and relations with other personality dispositions. We relate psychological research with findings from linguistics presented in this issue and depict similarities and differences between both approaches. More specifically, we relate the linguistic terminology of F-creativity to flu-ency and flexibility, whereas we identify E-creativity as akin to originality. We propose latent semantic analysis as a possible approach for evaluating originality and compare this approach with more commonly applied human ratings. Based on contributions in this issue, we discuss creativity as a domain-general process that is (e.g., in applied arts) often driven by the recombination of mental elements. Lastly, we propose several intelligence and personality dispositions as determinants of individual differences in creativity. We conclude that creativity research in linguistic and psycholo-gy has many communalities and interdisciplinary work bears strong prom-ises for the future.
Momentary Interpersonal Processes of Suicidal Surges in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kaurin Aleksandra , Wright Aidan G.C. , Hallquist Michael , Dombrovski Alexandre
Published: June 2020

Background: Suicide rates are high in borderline personality disorder (BPD) where interpersonal problems trigger intense affective dysregulation and impulses to act on suicidal thoughts. To date, however, no study has examined how interpersonal stressors contribute to momentary within-person links among affect and impulsivity with suicidal ideation, and how those links vary over time in people’s daily lives. Methods: 153 individuals diagnosed with BPD and 52 healthy controls completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment protocol. Of these 153 BPD individuals with BPD, 105 had a history of suicide attempts. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used to examine dynamic links among interpersonal perceptions, affect, state impulsivity, and suicidal intent. Results: Aggregated across interactions, lower perceived warmth in others was associated with suicidal ideation. This direct relationship, however, did not extend to momentary within-person associations. Instead, interpersonal conflicts were linked to suicidal ideation indirectly via greater negative affect and lower positive affect. While a robust within-person link between interpersonal perceptions and impulsivity emerged, impulsivity did not account for the relationship between interpersonal perceptions and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: This intensive longitudinal study illustrates momentary interpersonal signatures of an emerging suicidal crisis. Among people with BPD at high risk for suicide, interpersonal triggers initiate a cascade of affective dysregulation, which in turn gives rise to suicidal ideation.
On the Support that the Special and General Theories of Relativity Provide for Rock’s Argument Concerning Induced Self-Motion and Vice Versa
Authors: Snyder Douglas Michael
Published: June 2020

Though Einstein and other physicists recognized the importance of an observer being at rest in an inertial reference frame for the special theory of relativity, the supporting psychological structures were not discussed much by physicists. On the other hand, Rock wrote of the factors involved in the perception of motion, including one’s own motion. Rock thus came to discuss issues of significance to relativity theory, apparently without any significant understanding of how his theory might be related to relativity theory. In this paper, connections between Rock’s theory on the perception of one’s own motion, as well as empirical work supporting it, and relativity theory are explored. Paper available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9908025v1 .
Assessing Effects of Life History Antecedents on Age at Menarche and Sexual Debut Using a Genetically Informative Design
Authors: Barbaro Nicole , Richardson George B. , Nedelec Joseph L. , Liu Hexuan
Published: June 2020

Life history derived models of female sexual development all propose menarche timing as a key regulatory mechanism driving subsequent sexual behavior. The current research utilized a twin subsample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n =520) to comprehensively evaluate effects of life history antecedents on menarche timing and sexual debut, and extend understanding of these life history models with a genetically informative design. The results show mixed support for each life history model and did not provide evidence any effect on age at menarche. Results of this research call to question the underlying assumptions of life history derived models of sexual development and highlight the need for more behavior genetic research in this area.
Pre-stimulus inhibition of eye movements reflects temporal expectation rather than time estimation
Authors: Tal-Perry Noam , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit
Published: June 2020

Eye movements are inhibited prior to the occurrence of temporally predictable events. This ‘oculomotor inhibition effect’ has been demonstrated with various tasks and modalities. Specifically, it was shown that when intervals between cue and target are fixed, saccade-rate prior to the target is lower than when they are varied. However, it is still an open question whether this effect is linked to temporal expectation to the predictable target, or to the duration estimation of the interval preceding it. Here we examined this question in 20 participants while they performed an implicit temporal expectation and an explicit time estimation task. In each trial, following cue onset, two consecutive grating-patches were presented, each preceded by an interval. Temporal expectation was manipulated by setting the first interval duration to be either fixed or varied within each block. Participants were requested to compare either the durations of the two intervals (time estimation), or the tilts of the two grating-patches (temporal expectation).Saccade rate, measured prior to the first grating, was lower in the fixed relative to the varied condition of both tasks. This suggests that the inhibition effect is elicited by target predictability and indicates that it is linked to temporal expectation, rather than to time estimation processes. Additionally, this finding suggests that the oculomotor inhibition is independent of motor readiness, as it was elicited even when no response was required. We conclude that the pre-stimulus oculomotor inhibition effect can be used as a marker of temporal expectation, and discuss its potential underlying mechanisms.
Antikythera Mechanism shows evidence of lunar calendar
Authors: Budiselic Chris , Thoeni Andrew , Dubno Michael , Ramsey Andrew
Published: June 2020

Based on statistical analysis of micro CT imaging of the more than 2,000-year-old Antikythera Mechanism, we show unexpected evidence establishing a lunar calendar with Egyptian civil-calendar month-names circa 100 B.C. This finding displaces a century-long presumption of a 365-day solar calendar on the Antikythera Mechanism with a 354-day lunar calendar and may inform a fundamental question of the number and type of calendars used in Ancient Egypt.
Desenlaces asociados con solución salina normal versus lactato de ringer en sepsis y choque séptico o hipovolémico
Authors: Castro-Clavijo Jorge Alberto , Mendez Fajardo Jorge Luis , Cubillos Doris Andrea , Latorre Alfonso Sergio Ivan , Benavides Bermúdez Javier
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: los cristaloides son medicamentos usados en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con resultados ambiguos cuando se utilizan soluciones balanceadas versus solución salina normal. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer si existen diferencias al usar solución salina 0.9% vs. lactato de Ringer en pacientes críticamente enfermos con sepsis y choque séptico o hipovolémico, en cuanto a mortalidad, lesión renal aguda y tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio observacional de tipo cohorte retrospectiva en mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de sepsis, choque séptico o hipovolémico. Se excluyeron aquellos con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis, las hospitalizadas por ginecología/obstetricia y aquellos con diagnóstico de muerte encefálica o donantes de órganos. Se evaluaron los desenlaces primarios de mortalidad, lesión renal aguda y estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: se incluyeron 314 pacientes, 158 en el grupo expuesto a solución salina al 0.9% y 156 con lactato de Ringer. Se presentó lesión renal aguda en 22.7% con solución salina y 25.8% con lactato de Ringer (OR 1.18 IC 95%:0.7-2). La mortalidad con solución salina fue de 49%, y en lactato 49% (OR 1.01 IC 95%:0.63-1.63). Los factores de riesgo identificados para mortalidad fueron uso de soporte vasopresor (OR 35 IC 95% 12-83) y lesión renal aguda (1.3 IC 95% 1.01-1.69). Conclusiones: en el paciente críticamente enfermo con sepsis, choque séptico o hipovolémico el uso de solución salina 0.9% no representa diferencias al compararlo con lactato de Ringer en cuanto a mortalidad, lesión renal aguda o estancia hospitalaria. La elección de un cristaloide debe ser individualizada, teniendo en cuenta las comorbilidades, la presencia de hipercloremia o hiperpotasemia.
Estudio comparativo entre el contagio durante la cuarentena obligada por el COVID-19 y el contagio durante la apertura gradual y controlada para algunos sectores de la economía en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2020

Introduction: the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) has been declared by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). Cases have been reported on all continents and the first case in Colombia was confirmed on March 6 2020. The infection may occur when a sick person coughs or sneezes and expels virus particles that come into contact with other people. Objective: to report on a comparative study on the COVID- 19 contagion rate during the mandatory quarantine and during the gradual and controlled reopening of some sectors of economy. Materials and Methods: the database including people infected with Covid-19 was used. This information corresponds to the obligatory quarantine between March 25 2020 and April 26 2020 and from April 27 to May 29 2020 with the gradual and controlled reopening of some sectors of economy. The t-student test was used for independent samples analysis in the SPSS v.25 statistical package. Results: the number of people infected with COVID-19 was higher during the global and systematic reopening of several sectors of economy; the t-student statistical data analysis showed evidence for rejecting the null hypothesis; thus, the rates are different. Conclusions: the strategy includes extending mandatory preventive isolation for specific groups while the entire population remains in quarantine.
Formation of Patriotic consciousness of Russian youth in the digital economy: according to the results of the sociological survey "Read-country»
Authors: Ermakov Dmitrij Nikolaevich
Published: June 2020

The formation of a Patriotic worldview of Russian youth is an important component of the state youth policy in Russia. Saturation of the book market with products of national and Patriotic themes is one of the priorities of socially oriented business. The article presents the results of a sociological survey conducted among Russian youth who demonstrated a high interest in literature of military - Patriotic content.
Variation of Fatty Acids and Antioxidants Contents of Vegetarian Rayeb Milk as Affected by Fortification with Natural and Artificial Sweeteners
Authors: Ismail Magdy Mohamed , Ismail Magdy Mohamed , Abdou Mousa Mohamed , Abou-Dobara Mohamed Ismail , Mohamed Refat Nawal
Published: June 2020

Rayeb milk (bio-stirred yogurt) samples were prepared from cow milk sesame milk or cow and sesame milk
mixture (1:1) with or without adding sucrose (5%), honey (5%), fructose (2.5%) and sorbitol (1.5%) and
using ABT-5 culture. Results showed levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA), short chain fatty acids (SCFA)
and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA were lower whereas values of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA),
monounsaturated fatty acids (MUSFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSFA) and long chain fatty acids
(LCFA) were higher in sesame milk Rayeb than that of Rayeb manufactured from cow milk. Rayeb made
from cow and sesame mixture had higher levels of antioxidant activity than Rayeb prepared from cow milk
or sesame milk. The acidity, total solids and total volatile fatty acids values of Rayeb milk treatments
contained sweeteners were higher than that of control. The addition of sweeteners decreased SFA, SCFA
and MCFA and increased USFA, MUSFA, PUSFA, LCFA and antioxidant activity values of Rayeb milk.
Essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (omega-6), α-linolenic acid (omega-3) and oleic acid (omega-9) greatly
increased in Rayeb made from cow and sesame milk mixture. Adding sweeteners had the same effect.
Fortification of Rayeb milk with sweeteners highly improved the smell, taste, mouth feel, texture and body
evaluation scores.
Flow, Filling Ability and Apical Extrusion of New Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study
Authors: Filho Mario Tanomaru , E. Torres Fernanda F. , Pinto Jáder C. , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane M. , Pereira Mariana C. , Filho Mario Tanomaru , de Souza Pedro H. F.
Published: June 2020

Aim: To evaluate flow, filling ability, and apical extrusion of three calcium silicate-based sealers, Neo MTA
Plus (Avalon, USA), Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Brazil) and Sealer Plus BC (MK Life, Brazil), in comparation
with the gold standard based on epoxy resin, AH Plus (Dentsply, Germany).
Methodology: The flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 standard (mm) and in area (mm2
). For
assessment of filling ability and apical extrusion of the sealers, curved artificial canals were prepared up to
size 25.06, and filled with the sealers by the single cone technique. The samples were scanned in microcomputed tomography (SkyScan 1272. Bruker, Belgium) after preparation and after filling of the root
canals. The percentage of voids throughout the entire extension of the root canals and in the apical third,
besides the volume of apical extrusion of each sealer were calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using
ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 0.05).
Results: Bio-C Sealer showed the highest flow and NeoMTA Plus had the lowest value (p < 0.05). Bio-C
Sealer had lower percentage of total voids than NeoMTA Plus (p < 0.05). AH Plus had greater percentage
of voids in the apical third than Bio-C Sealer and Sealer Plus BC (p < 0.05). Bio-C Sealer showed higher
volume of extrusion (p < 0.05) than AH Plus and NeoMTA Plus.
Conclusion: Bio-C Sealer and Sealer Plus BC had greater flow and proper filling ability in the apical third.
However, these sealers presented high volume of apical extrusion. NeoMTA Plus provided less sealer
extrusion, low flow, and more presence of voids.
Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Fibrin Enhance Healing of Mandibular Bone Defects in Swine
Authors: Wheeler Matthew B. , Maki Aaron J. , Ercolin Anna C. , Cooper Jamey J. , Roballo Kelly S. , Rubessa Marcello , Wheeler Matthew B. , Rabel Rathnaweera A.C.
Published: June 2020

The primary aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and
fibrin scaffolds combined with autologous adipose stem cells (ASCs) for critical-size defects in the pig
mandible. Fibrin scaffolds supplemented with calcium hydrogen phosphate and platelet-derived growth
factors were hypothesized to accelerate healing in porcine mandible bone compared to ASC-only injections
and untreated controls. Three treatments included the use of autologous ASCs from liposuction with the
addition of platelet-rich plasma, fibrin scaffolds, or as cell-only controls. All three treatments using ASCs
were determined to increase bone mineral density and bone volume fraction compared to untreated controls.
In general, the addition of both platelet-rich plasma and fibrin scaffolds to autologous ASCs from
liposuction improved bone healing of critical-size defects.
A Primary Dumbbell-Shaped Cervical Extraskeletal Ewing’s Sarcoma in an Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bteich Fred , Bteich Fred , Moussa Ronald
Published: June 2020

Dumbbell spinal tumors get their hourglass or dumbbell shape from being constricted in the middle, with
one part inside the spinal canal and the other extending outside of it.
This is the case of a 37-year-old female who presented to the clinic with a left cervicobrachialgia and
acroparesthesia. While radiographic imaging initially reported a well-defined dumbbell-shaped C7-T1
foraminal tumor consistent with a neurinoma, the pathology report obtained after surgical intervention came
back positive for Ewing’s sarcoma, with no other locations of the tumor. The diagnosis was unexpected
given the shape of the tissue and the rarity of the extraskeletal form of Ewing’s sarcoma (EES). Only 4
previous cases to date have identified a primary cervical dumbbell-shaped extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma
in adults.
A Study of Factors Affecting Travel Decision Making of Tourists
Authors: Shaikh Adina Shafi , Dars Areesha , Memon Keenjhar , Kazi Abdul Ghafoor
Published: June 2020

Tourism is considered as one of the major sources for creating employment opportunities, generating revenues and supporting culture and entertainment. Travel and tourism plays a vital role by associating themselves with other industries of Pakistan which leads to rise in foreign investment, opportunities of trade, investments in private, local development, and public infrastructure. This study aims to explore the influence of the factors (travel decision making, media, perceived risk, terrorism and safety & security) tourists’ decision making of tourists residing in Pakistan. This is a quantitative study, data was collected from 50 people using questionnaire at 5-point Likert Scale. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression method. The results of this study depict that role of media, safety & security, and terrorism have significant impact on travel decision making. Within the context of Pakistan terrorism is always a highlighted area on which every tourist think a lot while making a destination choice. Particularly negative media coverage also has significant importance on travel decision making of a tourist. In Pakistani context, this study found that risk perception was supposed more than the actual risk because travel decision to a new place is always riskier somehow, therefore, it has no effect on travel decision making. Tourist develops an insight that what factor is more significant in travel decision making. This study recommends that media, safety and security and terrorism policies are critical for Pakistan to cater the number of tourist by helping them in travel decision making.
The Effect of Diversity in Board of Directors to Financial Performance: Evidence in Indonesia
Authors: Yasmin Ridwan Putri  , Dwi Nastiti Danarsari
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to examine whether diversity in gender, nationality, and age in the board of directors of banks in Indonesia could affect the financial performance of those banks. We used conventional banks’ data in Indonesia in the year of 2014 to 2018 as a sample of this research. Based on the empirical result using fixed effect approach and the Generalized Methods of Moment (GMM) analysis, we find that diversity in gender in the board of directors does not affect the performance of banks in Indonesia. This could be the result of the little amount of female representative in the board of directors. In contrast diversity in age and diversity in nationality in the board of directors has an effect to the financial performance of banks in Indonesia. We used two measurement to represent financial performance in this study, which are measured by Tobin’s Q that represent measurement based on market and Return on Asset (ROA) that represent measurement based on accounting.
Eksistensi Bacillariophyceae dan Chlorophyceae di Perairan Sei Timun Kota Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Haryoko Ilham , Melani Winny Retna , Apriadi Tri
Published: June 2020

Penelitian mengenai eksistensi Bacillariophyceae dan Chlorophyceae dilakukan di Perairan Sei Timun, Kelurahan Air Raja, Kecamatan Tanjungpinang Timur, Kota Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Eksistensi Bacillariophyceae dan Chlorophyceae di Perairan Sei Timun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Random Sampling sebanyak 30 titik pengamatan di Perairan Sei Timun. Analisis data fitoplankton menggunakan indeks similaritas Bray-Curtis. Analisis kualitas air menggunakan indeks similaritas Canberra. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan rata-rata fitoplantkon di Perairan Sei Timun mencapai 21299,4 sel/L. Kelimpahan rata-rata tertinggi pada kelas Bacillariophyceae yaitu genera Pleurosigma sp. sebesar 1701,4 sel/L dan kelimpahan rata-rata terendah yaitu pada genera Rhizoselenia sp. sebesar 799,1 sel/L, sedangkan kelimpahan rata-rata tertinggi pada kelas Chlorophyceae yaitu pada genera Mougeotia sp. sebesar 4276,6 sel/L dan kelimpahan rata-rata terendah yaitu pada genera Micrasterias sp. sebesar 302,2 sel/L. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan fitoplankton kelas Bacillariophyceae sebanyak 4 genera dan Chlorophyceae sebanyak 8 genera di Perairan Sei Timun.
Godność ludzka jako wartość i sposoby jej uzasadniania w opinii młodzieży
Authors: Mariański Janusz
Published: June 2020

Uzasadnienie godności ludzkiej przebiega na płaszczyźnie przyrodzonej (filozoficznej) i nadprzyrodzonej (teologicznej) lub intuicyjnej. W artykule dokonano analizy i interpretacji wypowiedzi młodzieży szkolnej i akademickiej dotyczących uznawanych przez nią uzasadnień godności. Zostały ustalone następujące kategorie uzasadnień: a) godność ludzka jako gwarancja i przejaw życia moralnego (22,4% ogółu badanych osób); b) godność uzasadniana przez inne wartości (15,8%); c) godność jako człowieczeństwo (9,7%); d) godność jako coś danego, nieutracalnego (7,9%); e) godność jako wartość szczególnie ważna (7,9%); f) godność jako wartość teologiczna (7,9%); g) godność jako wartość wychowawcza (3,6%); h) godność jako coś, czego się nie przestrzega (3,0%); i) godność jako cecha odróżniająca człowieka od innych bytów (2,4%); inne wypowiedzi (2,4%). W całej zbiorowości młodzieży 13,9% ankietowanych zrezygnowało z udzielenia odpowiedzi, a 3,1% udzieliło odpowiedzi negatywnych. Większość ankietowanej młodzieży myśli o godności pozytywnie, choć dość często w niepogłębiony sposób, i wiąże z nią różnorodne treści. Uzasadnienia teologiczne pojawiają się dość sporadycznie.
PROPOSTA PER UNA RILETTURA DELLA NOVELLA TOMMASEANA DUE BACI
PRIJEDLOG ZA JEDNO NOVO ČITANJE NOVELE DUE BACI NIKOLE TOMMASEA
Authors: Knežić Boško
Published: June 2020

La novella tommaseana della quale propongo una rilettura è già stata oggetto di
alcuni studi di taglio filologico e femminista volti a dimostrare la posizione del
Tommaseo nei confronti della donna, dell’educazione femminile, o più in generale della questione femminile. Tali studi erano incentrati soprattutto sul concetto tommaseano dell’educazione, nonché sulla capacità di introspezione psicologica del Dalmata. L’ottica che invece vorrei proporre si prefigge tutt’altro scopo, ossia di offrire una rilettura in chiave autobiografica con l’obiettivo, attraverso un’analisi profonda del testo volta ad evidenziare i tratti biografici dell’autore, di azzardare una conclusione relativa all’ambientazione della storia, nonché di esaminare il nesso tra l’autore ed i suoi protagonisti che, a mio avviso, oltre a riflettere lo stato d’animo del giovane Tommaseo, sono ispirati a persone reali che egli incontra in occasione del suo breve soggiorno a Sebenico nel 1831. La novella che uscì per la prima volta quello stesso anno vide ben altre cinque edizioni, tutte con correzioni formali e giunte dell’autore che, tra l’altro, miravano a sgombrare il campo da dubbi e insinuazioni che il protagonista fosse egli stesso e che la sorella di cui si trattava fosse la sua (cfr. Danelon 12). D’altro canto, sempre tenendo conto dell’abitudine tommaseana di nascondersi dietro i suoi protagonisti, non è da escludere che la sorella, essendo la voce narrante, sia quell’alter ego che gli permetta di rilevare i suoi più intimi segreti senza compromettere l’immagine che si sarebbe creata intorno alla sua figura.