bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka, IPM, dan PDRB terhadap Kemiskinan di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Noviyanti Ni Komang , Savitri Kadek Shri Yogi
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to determine the effect of the open response rate, Human Development Index, and GRDP on poverty in the level II regions of Bali Province in 2018-2022.

Research methods: The research consists of four variables consisting of one dependent variable and three independent variables. The data used are secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and journals. The data processed is quantitative data from 2018-2022 used SPSS ver. 25.

Results and discussions: 84.20% of poverty is influenced by the open unemployment rate, human development index, and GRDP, while 15.80% is influenced by other variables. Unemployment rate has a positive effect on poverty, human development index has a negative effect on poverty, and GRDP has a positive effect on poverty.

Implication: This research is limited to independent variables such as the Human Development Index, Open Unemployment Rate, and GRDP. Therefore, the development of this research can still be carried out by including other variables that do not exist in this study. In addition, future researchers can also expand the object of research in the form of regions in Indonesia and use other methods to see the effect of the variables studied.
Maximizing Energy Output of Photovoltaic Systems: Hybrid PSO-GWO-CS Optimization Approach
Authors: Hassan S. Ahmed  , Ahmed J. Abid  , Adel A. Obed  , Ameer L. Saleh  , Reheel J. Hassoon
Published: September 2023

Photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from partial shade and nonuniform irradiance conditions. Meanwhile, each PV module has a bypass shunt diode (BSD) to prevent hotspots. BSD also causes a series of a peak in the power-voltage characteristics of the PV array, trapping traditional maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods in local peaks. This study aims to address these challenges by combining cuckoo search (CS), gray wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to enhance MPPT performance. The results compared the yield power by Tracking the MPP using only GWO, CS, or PSO MPPT techniques and combining them. Results show that in four cases: in case 1) Uniform Irradiation in three patterns (High, Medium, and Low), In case 2) Fixed Nonuniform Irradiation, While In case 3) Slow Dynamic Nonuniform Irradiation and case 4) ) Fast Dynamic nonuniform irradiation. The efficiency (PSO + CS) 97.86%, (PSO + GWO) 97.74%, and (GWO + CS) 98.55% were the highest performers in the case 1 results in (high, medium, and low), respectively. In Case 2, the efficiency (GWO + CS) is 98.62%, and it operates more effectively under fixed nonuniform irradiance. It has the highest efficiency in both Cases 3 and 4, even though its respective PSO + GWO efficiencies are 97.45% and 97.26%. Based on these results, a hybrid mode of merging algorithms based on weather radiation conditions is proposed.
PHYSICIAN’S CHALLENGES IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PATIENT AND HIS WORK
Authors: Lúcio Sátiro Maia Pinheiro Francisco
Published: September 2023

Doctors and other health professionals have gained wide prominence in society since the dawn of civilization. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole society has noticed the wide importance of the work of doctors, nurses and other health professionals. In this aspect, it is valuable to discuss the relationship between physician and patient and the aspects that impact on this issue. Thus, the general objective of this work is to analyze the variables and considerable aspects existing in the relationship between physician and patient and the existing challenges. The research methodology used was qualitative research. Thus, data collection was performed with bibliographic research in national databases. This work concludes with the premise that there are several challenges in the relationship between doctor and patient, among these as the patients and difficult families, the long working hours and precarious working conditions, the disregard of the humanity of the doctor and his consideration as a kind of machine and not as a professional who is, above all, a human being.
Comparison among the Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Ratios of Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins and Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF) inPatients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Khan Sikandar Hayat , Afzal Ahmed Hayat , Gilani Mehreen , Akhtar Faisal Naveed , Shahid Rahat
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate various lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein ratios among participants with and without metabolic syndrome.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Naval Hospital, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020.

Methodology: We selected 164 patients with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed as per “NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome criteria”. Insulin resistance was calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Various apolipoproteins were calculated using the turbidimetric method on Humastar-200 and lipoproteins by direct detergent methods.

Results: The differences for Apo-B/Apo-A1 were found to be higher among metabolic syndrome subjects [{Metabolic syndrome (n=83):0.55±0.22} vs {Non-Metabolic syndrome (n=81):0.50±0.29}, p=0.271]. Area Under Curve (AUC) was highest for the atherogenic index of plasma [0.744], followed by both total cholesterol/HDLc [0.641], Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF) having [0.641], Apo-B/Apo-A1[0.593] and HDLc/LDLc [0.418].

Conclusion: Differences between subjects with and without NCEP-defined metabolic syndrome were significant for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), HDLc/LDLc, and Cholesterol Retention Factor (CRF).
Efficacy of Acetazolamide in Refractory Epilepsy Management: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Zamir Muhammad Ahmed , Alam Naveed , Iqbal Javed , Rehman Muhammad Ali , Raza Baqar
Published: September 2023

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Acetazolamide in refractory epilepsy management.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Neurology Department, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Pakistan, from Sep 2020 to Feb 2021.

Methodology: Using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, 260 patients of either gender aged 18 to 60 years who met the criteria of refractory epilepsy were included in the study. Group-A (n=130) received oral Acetazolamide (250 mg twice a day) plus standard antiepileptic drugs, and Group-B (n=130) received a placebo plus standard antiepileptic drugs. Patients were assessed every four weeks for a six-month response to treatment. The outcome was assessed in terms of control of refractory epilepsy.

Results: Acetazolamide was effective in 88(68.2%) patients compared to Placebo Group, which showed efficacy in 41(31.8%) patients (p-value was <0.001). In addition, the mean change in the number of attacks after treatment was significantly different between Group-A (2.9±1.5) versus Group-B (1.6±1.6) (p-value <0.001).Conclusion: Acetazolamide is effective in treating refractory epilepsy.
Relationship Between Transthoracic Echocardiography and Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Anatomic and Hemodynamic Assessment of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects in Children and Adults
Authors: Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Sathio Shahnawaz , Chand Raam , Shaikh Abdul Sattar , Ahsan Aliya Kemal , Rehman Fazal ur , Patel Najma
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in the anatomic and hemodynamic assessment of secundum atrial septal defects in children and adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi Pakistan, from Jul 2020 to Jun 2021.

Methodology: Seventy-seven patients above three years of age with secundum atrial septal defects were included. Linear regression was used to determine any statistically significant difference between transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography approaches.

Results: Of 77 patients, there were 37(48.1%) male and 40(51.9%) female. No significant difference was noted in terms of any of the clinical parameters during transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography. As per transthoracic echocardiography, 35(45.5%) were noted to be deviceable, while in transesophageal echocardiography, 36(46.8%) patients were found to be deviceable (p=0.872). No emergency exploration or deaths occurred. Linear regression showed no statistically significant difference between transthoracic echocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiography findings in terms of atrial septal defects size (p=0.226), total septal length (p=0.930), RV systolic pressure (p=0.440), RV functions and TAPSE (0.748) except LV ejection fraction function findings (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Anatomic and hemodynamic assessment of secundum atrial septal defects in children and adults correlated well with transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography.
Filling the gaps in local governance: an analysis of the structure and process of informal community governance in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyan Femi
Published: September 2023

The Nigerian local government system’s failure is widely documented, yet little is known about an alternative governance framework that communities have developed to tend to their needs. Using a case study methodology, this paper investigates the structure and process of informal community governance by which communities in Ibadan, Nigeria, fill in the gaps in local government. Documents and key informant interviews with community leaders provided qualitative data. The findings reveal that informal community governance systems are functioning well in Ibadan. Their governance process is open to all, participatory democracy is visible, and corruption is not tolerated. While Nigeria’s official local government structure lacks the governance and democratic culture essential for meaningful, long-term local development, this paper’s analysis shows that those features are being nurtured in the local community setting. The findings serve to draw attention to the need to institutionalise community governance as a form of local government capable of addressing a wide range of present and emerging community needs.
Decentralisation and political empowerment of citizens in Karamoja, Uganda
Authors: Obonyo Jimmy Francis , Muhumuza William
Published: September 2023

For centuries, centralisation was the dominant model of governance in most parts of the developing world. However, since the mid-1980s many countries in Africa have adopted decentralisation owing to the failure of centralisation to deliver public goods to citizens. In 1992, Uganda adopted decentralisation policy reforms to give ordinary citizens more control over their own administration and development agenda. This article reports case study research conducted in Karamoja, Uganda to establish the extent to which decentralisation reforms have indeed empowered local people. Research findings revealed mixed results. Although decentralisation resulted in the creation of the local government system, which in principle offers representational governance for different interest groups in local communities, ordinary citizens have fallen short of being politically empowered. State–society power relations have remained unaltered in favour of local elites. The authors contend that for political empowerment of citizens to be achieved, there is a need to devolve a considerable amount of autonomy to local governments and review the law to make local elites subordinate to citizen representatives.
The impact of New Public Management reforms on the delivery of secondary education in Tanzania
Authors: Lameck Wilfred , Shabiru Chagulani
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the impact of adopting New Public Management (NPM) reforms in the delivery of education services via a case study of the experience of Mwanza City, Tanzania. The case study reveals that NPM reforms, which came with new guidelines for the delivery of education services, have reduced the capacity and discretion of education officers and teachers in the delivery of education services. Furthermore, education services are confronted with scarcity of teaching and learning resources including classrooms, teachers, textbooks and laboratory equipment. Despite the good intentions of the NPM reforms in the education sector, the authors argue that the discretion of education officers and teachers should be protected as an essential tool to translate policies into reality.
Risk factor analysis of urinary tract infection by cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a simple and effective analysis using the National Health Insurance Data Sharing Service
Authors: Lee Jae Kwang , Park Yoonseon , Kim Young Ah
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to analyze the risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) by cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, using data from the National Health Insurance Data Sharing Service. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the risk factors during 11 years (2010–2020). Study groups were selected based on the laboratory data of the hospital, which comprised 3,638 and 877 cases of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Controls comprised 8,994 and 1,573 cases of cefotaxime-nonresistant (intermediate or susceptible) E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Clinical and socioeconomical features were obtained from the National Health Insurance service data. Results: In a multivariate analysis of risk factors for UTI by cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, the odds ratio (OR) of the male sex was 1.335 (95% confidence interval, 1.204–1.480), age 0–9 years was 1.794 (1.468–2.191), chronic renal disease was 1.227 (1.062–1.417), and hemodialysis was 1.685 (1.255–2.262). Moreover, the ORs of L-tube, central venous pressure catheter, and Foley catheter use were 1.204 (1.047–1.385), 1.332 (1.156–1.534), and 1.473 (1.316–1.649), respectively; the OR of previous antimicrobial use was 1.103 (1.009–1.206) and that of healthcare facility use was 1.782 (1.576–2.014). In a multivariate analysis of risk factors for UTI by cefotaxime-resistant K. pneumoniae, OR of the male sex was 1.460 (1.199–1.778), liver disease was 1.295 (1.037–1.617), and hemodialysis was 2.046 (1.263–3.315). The ORs of L-tube and Foley catheter use were 2.329 (1.861–2.915) and 1.793 (1.431–2.246), respectively, and the OR of the healthcare facility use was 1.545 (1.161–2.056). Conclusion: In this study, the risk factors for UTI caused by cefotaxime-resistant E. coli or K. pneumoniae were analyzed based on the data of a specific healthcare facility linked to the National Health Insurance system. We suggest that it is a simple and effective way to elucidate risk factors of infections caused by major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Multicenter study on the molecular epidemiology of intestinal protozoan parasites in Korea
Authors: Liu Changseung , Oh YeJin , Ko Young Jin , Bae Mi Hyun , Byun Jung-Hyun , Won Eun Jeong
Published: September 2023

Background: Intestinal protozoa are potential diarrhea-causing pathogens and monitored worldwide. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has also been monitoring intestinal protozoa causing diarrhea for many years. Recently, the overall protozoa detection rate has decreased to less than 1%, but whether protozoa infection causing diarrhea has declined or is being underestimated has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of intestinal protozoan pathogens in stool samples collected from multiple Korean centers. Methods: Stool samples were collected from five university hospitals and a commercial laboratory. Direct smear and trichrome staining were performed on all samples. The presence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Blastocystis hominis were detected using Allplex™ Gastrointestinal Parasite Assays (Seegene Inc., Korea). Microsporidia species and Kudoa septempunctata were detected using PowerChek™ Microsporidia Multiplex and Kudoa Real-time PCR kits (Kogene Biotech, Korea), respectively. Results: The collected samples included 279 diarrheal and 51 non-diarrheal samples. Among the 279 diarrheal samples, nine samples [B. hominis (n=7), C. parvum (n=1), and Microporidia species (n=1)] were positive, but there were no positive samples for K. septempunctata. We could not detect any protozoa by direct smear and trichrome staining. Among the 51 nondiarrheal samples, 10 (19.6%) samples were positive for B. hominis, but no other protozoa were observed. Conclusion: This multicenter study showed that the detection rate of intestinal protozoa is currently low in diarrheal samples from Korea. However, B. hominis was frequently detected in non-diarrheal samples, indicating their low pathogenicity.
Factors that affect quality of life in menopausal women
Authors: Andayani Ni Luh Nopi , Guna I Wayan Adi Wira
Published: September 2023

Background: The increase in life expectancy causes an increase in the number of women entering menopause, so this period negatively impacts a woman. Physiologically, at this time, women will decrease the function of the ovaries, which can affect a decrease in reproductive hormones. This situation will affect various health problems, which include physical and psychological changes, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, depression, and sleep problems; which these health problems will have an impact on the quality of life in menopausal women.

Objective: This study aims to determine factors that affect the quality of life in menopausal women.

Methods: This study uses a literature review method from secondary data in the form of research journals related to factors that affect the quality of life in menopausal women.

Results: For a woman, changes in the quality of life are one of the effects of the menopause she is experiencing. These changes are influenced by several factors, namely physical activity (50%), education (33.3%), employment (16.7%), mild menopausal symptoms (16.7%), history of chronic disease (16.7%), and duration of menopause (16.7%).

Conclusion: Based on some of the literature collected and the previous discussion, it can be concluded that several factors affect the quality of life, namely physical activity, education, occupation, mild menopausal symptoms, history of chronic disease, and duration of menopause.
The relationship between flat foot and Q-angle in elementary school students
Authors: Putra Dewa Gede Gangga Kusuma , Putra I Putu Yudi Pramana , Saraswati Ni Luh Putu Gita Karunia , Dewi Anak Ayu Nyoman Trisna Narta
Published: September 2023

Background: Elementary school students have unique characteristics. Each child has their ways of doing their activities. In its activities, of course, there are risks, especially in the lower extremities, namely flat foot, which is the condition of the medial arch treading with the ground or flat due to emphasis on the medial part, excessive or over foot conditions will result in an increase in valgus shape in the knee joint; thus the degree of quadriceps angle (Q-angle) can increase. This study aims to determine the relationship between flat foot and Q-angle in elementary school children in Kusamba Village, Dawan District, Klungkung Regency.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between flat feet and Q-angle.

Methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional design that uses simple random sampling techniques with a sample of 51 people according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected with a wet footprint test and Clark's angle to find a flat foot and Q-angle with a 360o goniometer.

Results: The analysis test results obtained a result of p=0.000 (p<0.05), so it can be explained that there is a significant relationship between flat foot and Q-angle. The results of the spearmen-rho analysis obtained a moderate relationship with the value of the correlation coefficient on the right flat foot with a right Q-angle of 0.527 and the left flat foot with a left Q-angle of 0.597 which means the direction of the relationship is unidirectional.

Conclusion: Based on the study's results, it can be concluded that there is a moderate, unidirectional, and meaningful relationship between flat foot and Q-angle in elementary school children in Kusamba Village, Dawan District, Klungkung Regency.
The effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching exercises on pain and postural balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Dwi Rosella Komala Sari  , Raden Andrea Zalfa Zaki Gazella
Published: September 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that can cause pain, stiffness, and reduce balance function, thus interfering with daily activities. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching (PNFS) can increase proprioceptive stimulation and activate muscles, reducing pain and improving postural balance in the OA knee. This study aimed to determine the effect of PNFS on reducing pain and increasing postural balance in patients with knee OA.

Methods: This type of research was an experimental study with a quick experimental approach without a control group. Nineteen respondents with knee OA were taken by purposive sampling and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. PNFS was done with the hamstring and quadriceps muscles twice a week for four weeks. The pain was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS), while the dynamic balance was assessed by the timed up and go test (TUG), and static balance was examined by the one-leg stance (OLS) as well as Functional Reach Test (FRT).

Results: There was a significant positive effect of PNFS to reduce pain and improve TUG, OLS, and FRT with p-values <0,05, respectively.

Conclusion: Pain is the main problem in OA knee and reduced balance. However, PNFS exercises were recommended for rehabilitation management in patients with knee OA.
Relationship between level of physical activity and body mass index among senior high school students
Authors: Harta Danu I Gede Panji , I Wayan Sugiritama  , Ni Luh Nopi Andayani  , Luh Putu Ratna Sundari
Published: September 2023

Background: The development of the times causes technology to also experience development. As a result, many activities that previously required excess energy can now be easily done and also more practical. On the other hand, the development of this technology has a bad impact, where a person becomes less active in carrying out his daily activities, which can affect his lifestyle. Low physical activity can have an impact on body mass index that becomes not ideal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity level and body mass index in students of senior high school.

Methods: This study used the  cross-sectional design. The research was conducted offline or directly in the field.

Results: The results of Spearman's rho correlation test showed a value of p= 0.000 (p< 0.05) and a correlation coefficient value of -0.502.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity level and body mass index in students of senior high school with sufficient correlation strength. The value of the correlation coefficient shows negative results which indicate a unidirectional relationship between the two variables, where the lower the level of physical activity, the higher the value of a person's body mass index and vice versa.
The relationship between noise level and sleep quality in wood processing factory workers
Authors: Haryawan I Gusti Agung , Suadnyana Ida Ayu Astiti , Nilam Cahaya
Published: September 2023

Background: Many wood processing factories use giant machines to cut or shave wood according to the required needs. When processing wood, the condition workers experience exposure related to machine-generated noise. Exposure to noise generated from the work on average > 85 dB. Conditions of working hours are also long, up to 8 hours per day. There are several impacts caused by the presence of noise, one of which is the occurrence of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to determine the relationship between noise level and workers' sleep quality at the Rana Bhumi wood processing factory, Gianyar, Bali-Indonesia.

Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study with a population of 30 samples of wood processing factory workers at Rana Bhumi, Gianyar, Indonesia, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measure noise level using a sound level meter and measurement of sleep quality using the Pittsburgh sleeping quality index (PSQI). The data were analyzed using computer software with Spearman's rank test to determine the significant relationship between noise level and sleep quality in wood processing factory workers.

Results: The results showed that 30 factory workers were obtained by analyzing the relationship between noise level and sleep quality, where p=0.000 (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between noise levels and sleep quality in wood processing factory workers in Rana Bhumi, Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia.
Effectiveness of additional Tabata in conventional exercise for cardiorespiratory endurance in football athletes
Authors: Ramantika Ni Nengah Esti , Antari Ni Komang Ayu Juni , Winaya I Made Niko , M. Widnyana
Published: September 2023

Background: Tabata exercise is the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) category that includes various motions. Exercise can increase cardiorespiratory endurance. The Cooper Test's VO2 max value can be used to assess a person's cardiorespiratory endurance.

Methods: A simple random sample methodology is employed in the study method, a randomized controlled trial. Two weeks were spent conducting this study. A total of 36 men with male sex who were split into two groups served as the study's samples. Eighteen people total, comprising the conventional exercise with Tabata and conventional exercise only. Pairwise simple t-tests and independent t-tests were employed for data analysis.

Results: Based on the paired simple t-test calculation findings, it was determined that hypothesis was approved in the intervention group because the P-value was 0.000 (p< 0.050). Still, it was rejected in the control group because the value was 0.083 (p> 0.050). The significance between the two groups was 0.000 (p< 0.050), according to the findings of computing the post-test data and the difference between the pre-test and the post-test using the independent t-test. The two groups differed significantly from one another.

Conclusion: There were differences in effectiveness between additional Tabata in conventional exercise and conventional exercise only in cardiorespiratory endurance changes.
Relationship between anxiety levels and dyspnea among post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Multazam Ali , Pratiwi Diah Nur , Rahmawati Nurul Aini
Published: September 2023

Background: Post-corona-virus disease 2019 (Post-COVID-19) syndrome also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a condition where symptoms arise in COVID-19 patients who have been declared cured according to negative swab results. The level of anxiety can cause it because when anxiety occurs, there is a "fight or flight" response to protect oneself. The sympathetic nervous system works and releases the adrenaline hormone, causing dyspnea. Research objective knowing the relationship between anxiety levels and dyspnea in post-COVID-19 patients in Malang Raya.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The population of this study consisted of post-COVID-19 patients who live in Malang Raya, with a sample of 56 respondents. This study collected data of the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRS-A) questionnaire to measure the level of anxiety and the Borg Scale to measure the level of dyspnea.

Results: Based on Spearman's statistical test, the level of anxiety and dyspnea obtained a value of p= 0.00, r= 0.503 with quite strong results, so there is a relationship between the level of anxiety and dyspnea.

Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between the level of anxiety and dyspnea in post-COVID-19 patients.
Cloud Infrastructure and Enterprise IT Environment
Authors: Adeoye Emmanuel , Osibo Babasola
Published: September 2023

Cloud infrastructure has emerged as a game-changer for the enterprise IT environment in Nigeria. As the country's businesses continue to grow and adapt to the digital era, cloud computing offers a scalable, flexible, and cost-effective solution for managing data, applications, and services. The adoption of cloud technology has the potential to revolutionize the way Nigerian enterprises operate, streamlining processes, enhancing collaboration, and improving overall efficiency. The study, however, investigated the effect of cloud infrastructure on the enterprise IT environment in Nigeria. The study used cloud infrastructure as an independent variable, proxied using software as a service (SAAS), platform as a service (PAAS), and infrastructure as a service (IAAS). The dependent variable is enterprise IT environment. The study adopted a survey research design using a simple random sampling technique to distribute about 121 copies of questionnaires among various IT departments in Nigeria. A validity and reliability test were carried out on 10% copies of the questionnaire and the result was reliable at 0.7 and valid. The study's main objective was analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of statistics. The result found that cloud infrastructure has a significant impact on enterprise IT environment. The study, therefore, suggested that adopting cloud infrastructure offers numerous advantages, enabling companies to optimize their IT resources, access cutting edge, and swiftly adapt to changing market demands
Reviews and syntheses: Iron – a driver of nitrogen bioavailability in soils?
Authors: Slimani Imane , Zhu-Barker Xia , Lazicki Patricia , Horwath William
Published: September 2023

Abstract. An adequate supply of bioavailable nitrogen (N) is critical to soil microbial communities and plants. Over the last decades, research efforts have rarely considered the importance of reactive iron (Fe) minerals in the processes that produce or consume bioavailable N in soils compared to other factors such as soil texture, pH, and organic matter (OM). However, Fe is involved in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions that influence the N cycle. More broadly, reactive Fe minerals restrict soil organic matter (SOM) cycling through sorption processes but also promote SOM decomposition and denitrification in anoxic conditions. By synthesizing available research, we show that Fe plays diverse roles in N bioavailability. Fe affects N bioavailability directly by acting as a sorbent, catalyst, and electron transfer agent or indirectly by promoting certain soil features, such as aggregate formation and stability, which affect N turnover processes. These roles can lead to different outcomes in terms of N bioavailability, depending on environmental conditions such as soil redox shifts during wet–dry cycles. We provide examples of Fe–N interactions and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms, which can be abiotic or microbially meditated. We also discuss how Fe participates in three complex phenomena that influence N bioavailability: priming, the Birch effect, and freeze–thaw cycles. Furthermore, we highlight how Fe–N bioavailability interactions are influenced by global change and identify methodological constraints that hinder the development of a mechanistic understanding of Fe in terms of controlling N bioavailability and highlight the areas of needed research.
An institutional study: Does Body Mass Index influence surgical approach, surgical morbidities, and outcomes in endometrial cancer patients?
Authors: Español P , Luzarraga A , Teixeira N , Soler C , Luna-Guibourg R , Rovira R
Published: September 2023

Background: Endometrial Cancer (EC), the most common genital tract malignancy in women, is recognised to be associated with a high Body Mass Index (BMI).

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of obesity on intra and post-operative morbidity for patients treated for EC.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including patients with EC that were surgically treated at Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau during nine consecutive years. The patients were divided in groups according to BMI: <30 Kg/m2, ≥30-<40 Kg/m2 and ≥40 Kg/m2. Demographic and pathological characteristics, surgical outcomes, perioperative complications and long-term outcomes were recorded.

Results: The study included 290 patients; 164 patients with BMI <30 Kg/m2(56.5%), 107 patients with ≥30-<40 Kg/m2 36.9%) and 19 patients with ≥40 Kg/m2(6.65%). Patients with BMI ≥40Kg/m2 were younger, presented a higher percentage of endometrioid histology (84.2%, p<0.01), well-differentiated tumours (73.7%, p<0.01) and were more frequently in the initial stages at diagnosis (94.7%) compared to the other groups. A significant percentage of the patients were operated on laparoscopically (88.7%, 88.8%, 94.7% respectively). No significant differences were found in the evaluation of the surgical outcomes. The results relative to complications showed an overall tendency toward increase in the ≥40 Kg/m2 BMI group but no statistical differences were identified among the groups in terms of complications or long-term outcomes.

Conclusions: There was a rising trend towards increased complications with increasing BMI in the study population, however, this was found not to be statistically significant. Therefore, the optimisation of co-morbidities and the adaptation of surgical treatment is important for the management of obese patients with endometrial cancer.

What is new? The study allows the comparison between groups with different BMI in patients with endometrial cancer. Different surgical outcomes, intra operative, early, and late complications are clearly identified, and survival outcomes are also investigated in our study.
Perspectives on training in obstetrics and gynaecology during the COVID-19 pandemic: Thematic analysis of trainee responses from a pan-European survey
Authors: Khattak H , Boekhorst F , Topcu G , Horala A , Henriques M , Woodman H
Published: September 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected many aspects of the lives of medical professionals. Postgraduate training has also been affected and mitigation plans are still ongoing.

Objective: To understand the perspectives of trainees in obstetrics and gynaecology (ObGyn) during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory survey conducted electronically from 20th of April 2020 to 1st July 2020.

Main outcomes measures: The original questionnaire comprised of 40 questions and a free-text option. The free-text questions covered five main domains: effect of the pandemic on training, worries about training, acquisition of skills during the pandemic, training period and extensions and responsibilities outside training during the pandemic. The responses to these questions in the survey were analysed using pragmatic thematic analysis.

Results: Trainees felt there was lack of training as well as training opportunities. Some took the pandemic as an opportunity to gain new skills. Trainees were also worried about time in training and uncertainty about extensions. Lastly, many had concerns pertaining to patient care, an inability to contribute to departmental organisation, and dissatisfaction with the implemented policies.

Conclusion: The difficulties in Obstetrics and gynaecology training due to the pandemic need to be mitigated. When planning for reshaping the training programmes to accommodate for the discrepancies caused, trainers need to consider the perspectives of trainees and actively involve them in the decision making, designing and executing future plans.

What is new? Efforts are currently underway to address the training time lost during the pandemic in Europe. Recognising the paramount importance of providing exceptional care for women and children across the continent, it becomes imperative to consider the valuable perspectives and insights offered by those who represent the future generation of specialists in the field.
The Interplay of CSR Attributes and Dimensions with CSR Authenticity in the Textile Sector of Pakistan: A Smart Technologies Perspective
Authors: Sajid Tanvir , Afzal Seema
Published: September 2023

This study has the objective to suggests framework for CSR Authenticity by describing its possible antecedents. This study has suggested a research framework which is supported by Triple Bottom Line (TBL) theory and Stakeholder Theory. It is suggested that CSR attributes (CSR Fit, CSR Impact and CSR Competencies) and CSR Dimensions (Environmental CSR, Economic CSR and Social CSR) can be the possible independent variables that instigate the adoption of Smart technologies as mediator and then ultimately, the smart technologies pave the way towards CSR Authenticity as being dependent variable. the authentic databases like Emerald, JSTOR, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Springer, SAGE and Science Direct had been consulted to search the relevant literature for this framework. Accordingly, the keywords like CSR Authenticity, CSR Impact, CSR Fit, CSR Competence, Economic CSR, Social CSR and Environmental CSR were used to search the relevant literature that ultimately furnished the described conceptual framework. Moreover, the conclusion has been drawn from this conceptual search by lastly illustrating the significance, limitation & future research directions and recommendations.
Exploring Spiritual and Religious Aspects of Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case of Spiritual Tourism
Authors: Khalid Shah Rukh , Ali Bakhtiar
Published: September 2023

The existing literature on "spiritual tourism" remains notably limited, despite its significant impact on tourist well-being and the sustainable development of the tourism industry. Many scholars and practitioners recommended various categories of tourism such as ecotourism, soft tourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism so on, as contributors to sustainable tourism development. Experiences show that the use of unsophisticated means and instruments for achieving sustainability of tourism development are overwrought attempts. Therefore, these forms of tourism cannot solely be trusted as a way forward to the sustainable growth of the tourism industry, worldwide. A new balance with rational domination of mind over body, head over heart, and the individual over world is required; to achieve goals of sustainability. Previous research often treated "religiosity" and "spirituality" as interchangeable, yet the distinctive nature of spiritual tourism, a pivotal avenue towards sustainability, necessitates further investigation. This paper aims to delve into the intricate interplay of spiritual and religious factors influencing tourists' pursuit of pleasure and their subsequent pro-environmental behaviors. Employing a purposive and snowball sampling approach, this exploratory research engaged international tourists, Non-Governmental Organizations, the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC), and tour operators through interviews. The outcomes shed light on how the dynamic interplay of religious and spiritual factors significantly mold tourists' behavioral intentions, ultimately impacting their active involvement in pro-environmental and pro-social activities.
This study makes a valuable contribution to the field of tourism by distinguishing between religiosity and spirituality, a nuanced perspective that has been relatively underexplored. Furthermore, it offers fresh insights for tour operators and tourism managers, encouraging them to incorporate spiritual and religious dimensions when crafting tour packages. It's worth noting that the study's limitation lies in its relatively small sample size. In essence, this research bridges a crucial gap in the understanding of spiritual tourism, emphasizing its role in enhancing sustainability within the tourism sector and advocating for further exploration in this area.
CONCENTRATON OF ZINC, MANGANESE, COPPER IN THE COAT HAIR OF CATTLE DEPENDING ON MAINTENANCE CONDITIONS, SEASONALITY AND TOPOGRAPHY
Authors:   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Osipova V.N. , Revyakin I.M. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: September 2023

The article presents studies on the concentration of trace elements in the coat hair of cattle. They reflect the amount of copper, manganese and zinc in the hair coat of cattle under the influence of seasonality, type of maintenance, topographical area of the animal's body. Based on the results, it can be concluded that, in contrast to the factor of the topographic site, the seasonality and type of maintenance possess a pronounced impact on the concentrations of the studied trace elements in the hair coat. And the variability within the studied groups emphasizes the individuality of the accumulation of trace elements by every individual animal. This reflects the multifunctionality of the hair coat, which consists not only in performing the thermoregulatory function, but also in reflecting the mineral status of the animal's body.
Bio- accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in a wild grass, Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae, growing naturally on barren land and evaluation of phyto-extraction potential of the plant for studied metals
Authors: Awasthi Alok
Published: September 2023

Because of the inbuilt bio-accumulation mechanism several plants have shown a remarkable capability of accumulation of metals from contaminated soil into roots, tubers and upper parts of the plants. This study was undertaken to evaluate the bio-accumulation potential of a wild grass, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Asteraceae grown on the barren land along with the National highways for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb by determining the bio-accumulated levels of these metals in the samples of soil, roots and shoot of the plant. The various bio-concentration factors (BCFs), translocation factors (TFs) and Biological accumulation coefficients (BACs) for studied metals were evaluated, to find out the suitability of Parthenium plant for phyto-extration of the studied metals. The order of observed levels of heavy metals in the samples of soil, root and shoots were: Pb (8.12±0.48) > Cr (7.18± 0.39) > Cu (5.64± 0.26) > Ni (3.91± 0.21) > Cd (1.31± 0.08) and Pb (6.67± 0.34) > Cu (6.11 ±0.27) >Cr (6.05± 0.23) >Ni (4.14± 0.18) > Cd (1.42± 0.11) and Pb (7.22±0.29) > Cr (5.97±0.23)>Cu (5.96 ±0.25)>Ni (5.13±0.21) > Cd (1.70±0.14 mg/Kg, dw), respectively. The soil to roots bio-concentration factors, BCFRoot for studied metals were: Cd (1.08) > Cu (1.08) >Ni (1.06) > Cr (0.84)>Pb (0.82). The order of root to shoot translocation factors, TFShoot for these metals in Parthenium hysterophorus L., was: Ni (1.24) > Cd (1.20) > Pb (1.08) > Cr (0.99~1.00)> Cu (0.98~1.00). The various soil to shoot biological accumulation coefficients, BACShoot for studied metals in Parthenium plant were, Ni (1.31) > Cd (1.30)> Cu (1.06) > Pb (0.89) >Cr (0.83), respectively. Comparatively higher BCF >1, TF >1 and higher BAC values for metals under study suggested that the plant Parthenium hysterophorus L has potential to translocate these metals to the above ground parts of the plants and thereby their phyto-extraction from contaminated soil.
A. Chemistry Corrosion potential of reinforced EDTA Zn-Fe Alloy in Acidic and Basic medium.
Authors: Pathak R. K. , Rani Bhawsar Mukta
Published: September 2023

The manuscript presented the successfully synthesis of Zn-Fe alloy thin film deposition in sulfate bath on mild steel substrate. The hexadanted ligand EDTA was incorporated in alloy solution as corrosion inhibitor. All depositions were conducted at constant current density 2 mA/cm2 for 40 min. The morphological characterization of the thin film was analyzed with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Confocal laser microscopy. The Tafel polarization experiment was performed to determine the anticorrosion behavior of thin film in 3.5% NaCl and 0.1 M HCl solutions. The corresponding maximum corrosion efficiency of reinforced EDTA alloy is 93.57 and 94.02% in 3.5% NaCl and 0.1 M HCl solutions respectively.
Pengaruh Penambahan Limbah Bottom Ash Terhadap Kuat Geser Pada Tanah
Authors: Fitrian Eltrit Bima , Demensi  , Wong Irwan Lie Keng
Published: September 2023

Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi dampak dari penambahan limbah bottom ash pada Direct shear Test untuk tanah lempung yang memiliki kekuatan geser rendah dan kompresibilitas tinggi. Tahapan penelitian ini melibatkan rangkaian pengujian karakteristik fisik dari tanah, diikuti oleh penyusunan konfigurasi percobaan limbah bottom ash dalam pengujian langsung gaya geser (Direct shear Test). Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada pengujian sebanyak 4 sampel uji pada pengujian pertama dan juga pada pengujian kedua dengan komposisi campuran sebesar 15%, 20%, dan 25% untuk limbah bottom ash yang digunakan. Hasil studi diperoleh bahwa tanah memenuhi sifat-sifat fisik tanah yaitu lempung anorganik dengan sifat plastisitas sedang dan didapatkan dari pengujian pada sampel tanah titik 1 dan sampel tanah titik 2 nilai kohesi (c) dan nilai sudut geser (ϕ) melalui pengujian Direct shear Test. Untuk sampel tanah titik 1 terjadi peningkatan nilai kohesi (c) yaitu 0,025 kg/cm², 0,041 kg/cm², 0,069 kg/cm², dan 0,076 kg/cm² begitupun pada peningkatan nilai sudut geser (ϕ) yang terjadi sebesar 10,32°, 10,67°, 10,38°, dan 14,16°. Adapun untuk sampel tanah titik 2 juga diperoleh peningkatan nilai kohesi (c) sebesar 0,048 kg/cm², 0,077 kg/cm², 0,084 kg/cm² dan 0,096 kg/cm² begitupun juga pada peningkatan nilai sudut geser (ϕ) yang terjadi sebesar 11,82°, 14,35°, 14,20, dan 14,10°. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah didapatkan bahwa dengan adanya campuran limbah bottom ash memiliki kapabilitas untuk meningkatkan nilai kekuatan geser (c) dan sudut geser (ϕ). Disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan dukung tanah menjadi semakin optimal dengan penambahan limbah bottom ash dibandingkan kondisi tanah sebelumnya.
A Case of Kocuria kristinae Corneal Ulcer Treated with Empirical Antibiotics
Authors: Lee Soo Jung , Yoon Sook Hyun
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To report a successfully treated case of corneal ulcer caused by Kocuria kristinae in post penetrating keratoplasty state using topical empirical antibiotics.Case summary: The 63 years old patient who posted penetrating keratoplasty state with using 0.5% loteprednole complained of eye foreign body sensation and mild ocular pain. There were edematous cornea, corneal erosion, and epithelial defect. Gram staining, potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear, bacterial culture, and antibiotic sensitivity test was performed and started 1.5% levofloxacin as empirical antibiotics. The culture revealed growth of K. Kristinae. The effect of 1.5% levofloxacin was weak, starting to use forted ceftazidime eyedrops. After 3 months of treatment, cornea epithelial defect was healed with mild corneal erosion and edema.Conclusions: Report the successfully treated corneal ulcer caused by K. Kristinae. It is important to using empirical antibiotics in corneal ulcer caused by K. Kristinae, is almost diagnosed to immunosuppression patients.
Guide for Successful Scleral Lens Fitting
Authors: Lee Ko Eun , Lee Hun
Published: September 2023

To date, scleral contact lenses have been known only as large-sized contact lenses with an uncomfortable fit, intended exclusively for patients with severe ocular surface diseases. However, with the recent introduction of scleral contact lenses ranging from 14 to 16 mm, designed considering the corneal and eyelid shapes of Asians, it has become possible to prescribe scleral contact lenses for a broader range of corneal disease patients. Patients with severe ocular surface diseases, keratoconus, and irregular astigmatism post-corneal transplantation have shown visual improvement after wearing scleral contact lenses. In this review article, we aim to discuss scleral contact lenses, including their indications and fitting methods.