bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE UTILITY OF 3T HIGH-RESOLUTION MRI IN THE DETECTION OF BRAIN HERNIATIONS INTO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUSES OR CALVARIUM
Authors: KORKMAZER Bora , KARAMAN Ahmet Kürşat , ARSLAN Serdar , ARMAN Gökçe Merve , BAĞCILAR Ömer , GÜLEÇ Bade , KIZILKILIC Osman
Published: August 2022

Objective: Brain parenchyma herniation into the dural venous sinus or calvarium is considered a rare anatomical variation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency, localization, and clinical and radiological findings of brain herniation into dural venous sinus and/or calvarium with high resolution 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in a large group of patients.Material and Methods: A total of 6825 cranial magnetic resonance images containing pre-contrast and post-contrast 3D T1-weighted sequences as well as conventional sequences were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of brain herniation into dural sinuses or calvarium, location and size of herniation, signal intensity of the adjacent brain parenchyma, presence of arachnoid granulation adjacent to the herniation were noted.Results: Brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium was determined in 50 patients (0.73%). The detected brain herniations were most frequently associated with the temporal lobe parenchyma (n=37, 68.5%), and 91% (n=49) extended into the transverse sinuses. All brain herniations were detected both by 3D T1-weighted and 3D T2-weighted sequences; however, 29 (53.7%) of the 54 herniations were not detected by conventional sequences.Conclusion: High resolution MRI sequences are superior to conventional sequences in detecting brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium. Patients with brain herniation into DVS/ calvarium may present with heterogeneous symptomatology, and the relationship between brain herniation and symptoms is controversial.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY: HOW WERE CLINICAL RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AFFECTED IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE PANDEMIC COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS YEAR?
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Recep Selim , KARA Halil
Published: August 2022

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to determine how clinical research activities in a Clinical Research Center in Ankara are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.Material and Methods: In the study, we compared clinical trial activities before the pandemic (March 2019-February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020-February 2021) for two 12-month time periods. Data were collected from site coordinators, with strict attention to the confidentiality of volunteer data. Data were grouped as the number of studies newly initiated, closed, and closed to enrollment; number of scheduled, unscheduled, delayed, missed, and telephone visits according to study protocols; number of new patients screened, screening failures, new patients enrolled in studies, number of patients who dropped out for various reasons and the number of direct or online monitoring visits.Results: According to our study, while the number of newly opened clinical trials during the pandemic period was adversely affected, clinical trial patient visits were carried out successfully despite delays. Compared to the pre-pandemic period, an increase was observed in the number of patients newly screened and enrolled in clinical trials and also in the number of patients excluded from the study, while a decrease was observed in the number of screening failures. It was seen that there was a shift towards online methods in monitoring visits made during the pandemic period.Conclusion: While clinical research centers around the world were adversely affected during the pandemic period, it was observed that the clinical research activities in the center where we conducted the study were carried out successfully despite the setbacks.
EVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIRD LEVEL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ADMISSIONS BY OFFICIAL HOLIDAYS
Authors: TOPALOĞLU Ensar , ALTUNTAŞ Mehmet , ÇELİK Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective: It is aimed to examine the numerical change in the emergency department patient admissions of a third-level hospital on public holidays and to offer solutions to the overcrowding in the emergency department with these data.Material and Methods: The records of patients who were admitted to the emergency department between 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The age, gender, admission date data of the patients during the study period were recorded and compared by determining the official holidays and other working days.Results: During the specified date range, 543,138 patient admissions were made, and 52% of them were men. The mean age of the patients was 41 years. August (10.2%) was the month with the highest number of patient admissions; Monday (15.5%) was the day with the highest number of patient admissions. It was observed that the admissions were mostly in the 12:00-18:00 time zone (33.6%). In the emergency department, where the average number of patients per day was 366, an average of 503 patients admissions were made on public holidays on weekdays (p<0.001).Conclusion: Emergency department patient density exhibits temporal differences. Emergency department applications show a significant increase during public holidays that coincide with weekdays.
ÇUHA ÇİÇEĞİ VE SARI KANTARON YAĞLARININ MULTİPLE SKLEROZ MODELİ OLUŞTURULMUŞ FARELERDEKİ JAK/STAT SİNYAL YOLAKLARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: BULUT Huri , TELOĞLU Emine Şeyda , ŞENTÜRK Hilal , ÜSTÜNOVA Savaş , GÜLEKEN Zozan , SELEK Şahabettin
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Multipl Skleroz, merkezi sinir sisteminde inflamatuar infiltrasyonlarla ilerleyen otoimmün demiyelinizan bir hastalıktır. JAK-STAT sinyal yolunun düzensizliği, otoimmün ensefalomiyelit ile indüklenmiş Multipl Skleroz modellerinin patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sarı kantaron ve çuha çiçeği yağlarının tüketiminin, JAK-STAT sinyal yolu üzerindeki terapötik etkilerini ortaya çıkarmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 42 adet dokuz haftalık C57bl/6 J fareler kullanıldı. Fareler, Multipl Skleroz (MS) (n=32) ve kontrol grubu (n=10) olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrıldıktan sonra MS grubundaki tüm farelere deneysel otoimmün ensefalomiyelit yöntemi ile Multipl Skleroz hastalığı oluşturuldu. Multipl Skleroz grubu kendi içinde MS (n=7), MS + Çuha çiçeği (n=10) ve MS + Sarı Kantaron (n=15) olacak şekilde üç gruba ayrıldı. Tedavi grupları, 6 hafta boyunca sarı kantaron (20 g/kg) ve çuha çiçeği (20 g/kg) yağları içeren özel üretim yemler ile beslendi. Multipl Skleroz indüksiyonundan iki hafta sonra, hastalığın klinik belirtileri her fare için günlük olarak puanlandı. Çalışmamızın sonunda beyin dokusu örneklerini elde etmek için tüm gruplardaki fareler sakrifiye edildi. Beyin doku homojenatlarında Western Blot yöntemi ile JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT1 ve p-STAT1 protein ekspresyon seviyeleri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Çalışmamızda Multipl Skleroz hastalığı patogenezi ile ilişkili JAK/STAT yolağındaki p-JAK2, JAK2, p-STAT1 ve STAT1 ekspresyon düzeylerinin MS grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak arttığını, sarı kantaron ve çuha çiçeği yağı ile beslenen gruplarda ise anlamlı olarak azaldığını gösterdik (p<0.05).Sonuç: Bu çalışmada elde ettiğimiz veriler ışığında, özellikle çuha çiçeği ve sarı kantaron yağlarının besin takviyesi olarak tüketilmesinin, Multipl Skleroz hastalığının moleküler patogenezinin iyileşmesine katkı sağlayacağı söylenebilir.
Caracterización fisicoquímica de las precipitaciones en el área de influencia del parque arqueológico de San Agustín, departamento de Huila, Colombia
Authors: Pinedo Hernández José Joaquín , Urango Rivero Carlos , Herrera Torres Gabriel , Botero Rojas Luz , Aparicio Lozano Angela
Published: August 2022

Este proyecto evalúo la caracterización fisicoquímica de las precipitaciones en el área de influencia del parque arqueológico San Agustín ubicado en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. Además, de las posibles fuentes antropogénicas asociadas que pueden generar variación en las características fisicoquímicas de las precipitaciones y el posible efecto de las precipitaciones en la estatuaria. Se determinó los parámetros fisicoquímicos: pH, conductividad, nitratos, sulfatos, acidez, temperatura en cuatro puntos de muestreo (mesita A, B, C, D). Se realizo análisis de correlación de Pearson, componentes principales (ACP) y cluster (CA) para verificar relaciones significativas entre los parámetros en las muestras de agua lluvia y el origen común entre parámetros. Las variables conductividad, acidez y sulfatos presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del tiempo y estaciones de muestreo. El análisis estadístico multivariados, componente principal y conglomerados sugieren que las variaciones de los parámetros fisicoquímicos provienen generalmente de fuentes antropogénicas mixtas, industria de fabricación de ladrillos – agroindustria de la panela. La composición de piedra volcánica de la estatuaria rico en compuestos de calcita influye en los procesos de deterioro causados por precipitaciones. Los resultados de este proyecto permiten presentar un diagnóstico inicial espacial comparativo en cuatro puntos de muestreo de la zona de estudio, evaluar el nivel de impacto que están soportando la estatuaria por acción de las precipitaciones y serán útiles para seguir desarrollando estrategias de mitigación ambiental; respondiendo a la necesidad en el manejo y conservación de los recursos. Asimismo, permitieron obtener un mejor conocimiento de la dinámica de parámetros fisicoquímicos y la relación con las diferentes fuentes antropogénicas aledañas.
Marxismos del sur, pensamiento descolonial/anticolonial y nuevos antiimperialismos
Authors: Grosfoguel Ramón , Kohan Nestor , García Fernández Javier
Published: August 2022

El presente número especial pretende articular una nueva discusión intelectual entre dos corrientes de los marxismos del Sur: los marxismos anticoloniales y los marxismos descoloniales. En la actual crisis multidimensional del sistema civilizatorio de la modernidad capitalista occidental, nos parece fundamental apelar de nuevo al pensamiento del teórico y filósofo alemán Karl Marx para recoger las aportaciones inspiradas a partir de su obra, que a lo largo de los dos últimos siglos han construido pensamiento antisistémico desde las luchas anticoloniales y de liberación en el Caribe, América Latina, África y Asia.
Cuestión nacional, cuestión colonial y antiimperialismo en la tradición marxista: de la I Internacional a la conferencia de Bakú (1864-1920)
Authors: García Fernández Javier , Grosfoguel Ramón
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo elabora una revisión crítica del pensamiento marxista desde autores como Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Karl Kaustky, Eduard Bernstein, Otto Bauer, Iosef Stalin, Rosa Luxemburgo, Vladimir Ilich Lenin y Manabendra Nath Roy en torno a la cuestión nacional, colonial y antiimperialista. Pretendemos recoger una nueva genealogía crítica sobre la cuestión nacional dentro del marxismo que no ha sido reconocida por el llamado marxismo occidental hegemónico. Se trata de la relación entre la cuestión nacional, la cuestión colonial y la cuestión antiimperialista en la primera tradición marxista entre la I Internacional, la AIT y la III Internacional, el Komintern. Esta tradición incorpora reflexiones y análisis para pensar la cuestión del derecho de autodeterminación como uno de los elementos centrales del pensamiento marxista durante el último tercio del siglo XIX y las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX. La formulación del derecho de las naciones a la autodeterminación incorporó elementos de la llamada cuestión nacional, de la cuestión colonial y de la crítica marxista al imperialismo y es fundamental para comprender el desarrollo de la teoría marxista y del movimiento sociales desde la I Internacional (1864) a la Conferencia de Bakú (1920).
¿Cómo descolonizar la revolución en este nuevo siglo?
Authors: Bautista Segales Rafael
Published: August 2022

En el presente artículo se desarrollan algunas de las reflexiones extraídas de una investigación académica desarrollada en torno a los procesos sociales latinoamericanos en el siglo XX. El texto revisa la noción de modernidad, socialismo y capitalismo para exponer los componentes coloniales de dichos paradigmas, así como desarrollar nuevas líneas de pensamiento crítico en el ámbito de la acción transformadora latinoamericana. Se revisa el pensamiento de autores como Walter Benjamin, Ernest Bloc, Karl Marx, Rosa Luxemburgo o Habermas. La pregunta a la que se enfrenta este texto es ¿Cómo podemos descolonizar la revolución en este nuevo siglo?
Las mediaciones de la superexplotación
Authors: Sotelo Valencia Adrián
Published: August 2022

El propósito de este artículo es demostrar que la categoría de superexplotación del trabajo, que es la base y el eje del ciclo del capital de la economía dependiente, está inmersa en un conjunto de mediaciones de segundo orden como la lucha de clases, el poder, la cultura, etc. que la sobredeterminan. Para ello, utilizamos la clasificación de Aristóteles de las categorías que relacionamos con la totalidad dialéctica, y concluimos que la superexplotación solo se entiende en toda su magnitud superando el restringido marco del economicismo.
Integrasi Sistem Transportasi Berkelanjutan Pada Kawasan Wisata Ubud - Bali
Authors: Tama Yuanda Patria , Putri Ari Ananda , Madani Medinah Wirda
Published: August 2022

Kemacetan yang terjadi di Kawasan Wisata Ubud disebabkan tingginya pergerakan lalu lintas baik penduduk lokal maupun wisatawan serta hambatan samping berupa parkir on street yang menjamur di sepanjang kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengatasi permasalahan di kawasan wisata Ubud dengan merencanakan integrase sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan,  khususnya terkait fasilitas parkir, pejalan kaki dan layanan angkutan wisata berupa shuttle bus sehingga dapat mewujudkan sistem transportasi yang cepat, tepat, aman, nyaman, murah, dan ramah lingkungan. Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif berpedoman pada Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia – 1997, Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum, dan SK Direktur Jenderal Perhubungan Darat. Pembahasan pada penelitian ini mencakup kondisi kinerja lalu lintas eksisting, perencanaan fasilitas pejalan kaki menyusuri dan menyebrang, perencanaan waktu siklus, headway, jenis moda, dan jumlah armada angkutan wisata, pemindahan lokasi parkir on street, serta perubahan kinerja lalu lintas kawasan wisata Ubud setelah dilakukannya relokasi parkir on street.
Penentuan Rute Pengiriman Beras Menggunakan Metode Nearest Neighbour dan Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Pramudyo Cahyono Sigit , Tanggono Hafiztha Aryunda , Asy'ari Muh. Hasyim
Published: August 2022

Distribusi produk berperan penting dalam kinerja rantai pasok. Proses pendistribusian barang seringkali hanya mengandalkan intuisi pengemudi kendaraan. Hal ini berarti urutan pengiriman ditentukan secara acak menurut kehendak pengemudi. Akibatnya, pengiriman barang menempuh rute yang tidak optimal. Rute yang tidak optimal ini berarti pemborosan bagi kinerja rantai pasok. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, makalah ini menggunakan kombinasi dua metode untuk menentukan rute pengiriman beras yang meminimumkan total jarak tempuh. Metode pertama yang digunakan termasuk kategori Metode Heuristic  yaitu Nearest Neighbour. Metode kedua berkategori metode optimasi, yaitu Metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Kombinasi dua metode tersebut diimplementasikan pada masalah pengiriman barang berupa beras Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) yang dilakukan oleh BULOG di wilayah Kota Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data jarak antar gudang menuju Rumah Pangan Kita (RPK) dan jarak antar RPK serta data permintaan tiap RPK. Pertama, data diolah menggunakan metode nearest neighbour. Hasil tahap pertama disebut solusi awal. Selanjutnya, solusi awal diolah menggunakan Metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming. Solusi rute menggunakan metode nearest neighbour menurunkan jarak sebesar 14,98%. Pengolahan lanjutan menggunakan Metode Mixed Integer Linear Programming menambah penurunan jarak sebesar 1,45 %.
Strategi Peningkatan Pelayanan Transportasi Antarmoda Terpadu di Kota Palembang
Authors: Listantari Listantari , Gusleni Yessi , Soemardjito Joewono , Purwoto Hengki
Published: August 2022

Implementasi keterpaduan pelayanan transportasi antarmoda di Kota Palembang saat ini belum cukup optimal bila ditinjau dari jumlah penggunanya yang masih rendah dari perkiraan sehingga membutuhkan upaya peningkatan di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi keterpaduan pelayanan transportasi antarmoda di Kota Palembang saat ini. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan tujuan: (a) mendapatkan gambaran mengenai keterpaduan pelayanan transportasi antarmoda di Kota Palembang ditinjau dari tiga aspek, yaitu: (1) keterpaduan jaringan pelayanan; (2) keterpaduan manajemen operasional; dan (3) keterpaduan sistem pembayaran, (b) mengidentifikasi aspek-aspek yang mendukung terwujudnya keterpaduan pelayanan transportasi antarmoda, dan (c) merumuskan strategi peningkatan kinerja keterpaduan pelayanan angkutan umum di Kota Palembang berdasar prioritas penanganannya. Analisis menggunakan data hasil survey primer secara online melibatkan 80 responden pengguna angkutan umum terpadu dan pemangku kebijakan daerah dari instansi terkait di Kota Palembang. Hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa upaya pengembangan keterpaduan layanan transportasi antarmoda di Kota Palembang masih menghadapi kendala. Strategi yang direkomendasikan dari hasil penelitian adalah peningkatan ridership pada angkutan umum terpadu di Kota Palembang melalui pembenahan pada tiga aspek yang menjadi perhatian utama dengan urutan prioritas penanganan, yaitu: (1) waktu tempuh perjalanan; (2) besaran tarif layanan; dan (3) rute/trayek perjalanan angkutan. Implementasi strategi ini membutuhkan dukungan institusional yang menjalankan fungsi koordinasi, kolaborasi dan sinergi operasional pelayanan dari beragam jenis moda angkutan umum yang melayani di Kota Palembang.
PLACEMAKING PADA KAWASAN CAGAR BUDAYA PERUM PERURI DENGAN MERESPON TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
Authors: Nugroho Muhamad Ilham , Ristya Arinta S  , Mohammad Ischak
Published: August 2022

Perum Peruri adalah perusahaan BUMN, saat ini memiliki kawasan yang kurang mempunyai nilai jual sebagai kawasan komersil di Kebayoran Baru, padahal kawasan tersebut memiliki konteks Bangunan Cagar Budaya dan kawasan TOD yang dapat menjadi potensi namun belum terkoneksinya fungsi kawasan dengan perkembangan rancangan TOD sehingga dibutuhkannya konsep placemaking untuk merespon konteks tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan memerhatikan aktivitas dan kebutuhan pengguna transportasi publik untuk mencapai kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan konsep placemaking dapat diterapkan untuk mengoptimalisasikan kawasan Perum Peruri dengan saling terkoneksinya akses pedestrian terhadap setiap bangunan, pengalihfungsian hunian menjadi komersil, dan ketersediaannya ruang publik di kawasan Perum Peruri.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ergonomi Terhadap Posisi Kerja Selama Perawatan Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut (Penelitian)
Authors: Asia Asyurati , Putri Andini Rahayu
Published: August 2022

Background: Ergonomic is one way to avoid health problems, such as musculoskeletal disorders which occur in 63-93% of dental practitioners. The lack of ergonomic application might arises from the knowledge negligence among dental students.. Purpose: The aim of the study was to study the correlation between ergonomic knowledge and work positions during dental and oral health care by clinical dental student at Dental and Oral Hospital FKG Usakti. Method: This study was an observational analytic using questionnaires containing 20 questions and the European Socienty of Dental Ergonomics (ESDE) form which contains 10 criteria for work position, with a total of 100 respondents. Direct visual examination by the researcher was done first, then respondents were given the questionnaires. Results: Spearman correlation test showed that there was no correlation between ergonomic knowledge with work position during dental and oral health care (p = 0.463). Conclusion: This study showed that there is no correlation between ergonomic knowledge and work positions during dental and oral health care by clinical dental student at the Dental and Oral Hospital of FKG USAKTI.
Social networks in the activities of executive authorities: adaptation to new ways of interaction
Authors: Roslyakova Marina Valentinovna
Published: August 2022

Social networks are used by 72% of the Russian population, government agencies are involved in digital communication through social networks to preserve information influence and establish a dialogue with society. The state of interaction between authorities and citizens in social networks is described by evolutionary stages, which differ in the intensity of interaction between authorities and users. In 2022, the list of popular social networks that are used in Russia has changed, a decision was made on mandatory registration of public authorities in social networks. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the practice of interaction of federal executive authorities in social networks. The study used quantitative and comparative methods that reveal the specifics of the interaction of federal executive authorities in social networks, the activity of official pages was evaluated using the social network analytics program. The study of official accounts showed that the authorities are at different stages of adaptation, some federal executive authorities are absent from social networks, the second group is at the stage of "registration and informing", the third group has advanced to the stage of "interaction". The reasons for the various activities of the authorities have been identified. The results can be useful in determining the policy of government agencies in social networks and developing recommendations on the organization of maintaining official accounts.
The opposition "justice – injustice" in Russian and Chinese paroemias
Authors: Hu Yangyixin
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the binary opposition "justice – injustice" on the material of Russian and Chinese paroemias in the linguoculturological aspect. Russian Russian linguistic and cultural analysis was carried out against the background of the Chinese language in order to identify the national and cultural specifics of the selected paremiological units in the Russian language and Chinese worldview. The object of the study is Russian paroemias that verbalize the opposition "justice – injustice". The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural specificity of the analyzed Russian proverbs and sayings against the background of the Chinese language. Russian Russian dictionaries of proverbs and sayings, phraseological dictionaries of the Chinese language, illustrative material presented on the website of the National Corpus of the Russian Language serve as the material of the study (www.ruscorpora.ru ) and other Internet resources. The description of the oppositional attitude is appropriate when studying paremia, since the expression of moral values through the opposite attitude is of particular interest when studying the linguistic picture of the world. The work carried out a semantic analysis of key lexemes, highlighted different situations in which there is or is not a sign of justice, and also made some specific observations and conclusions about the functioning of these paroemias in literary and journalistic texts. The developed materials can be used in reading special courses on phraseology and intercultural communication, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Principles of V.S. Solovyov's Positive Aesthetics in I.B. Rodnyanskaya's Literary criticism
Authors: Zakharova Elizaveta Mikhailovna
Published: August 2022

In the most complete collection of I.B. Rodnyanskaya's works, The Movement of Literature, the name of V.S. Solovyov appears more than 50 times in different contexts. The influence of the founder of philosophical criticism on the strengthening of this direction in Rodnyanskaya's works is provided both by theoretical and methodological works ("Beauty in Nature", "The General Meaning of Art", "The First Step to Positive Aesthetics", etc.) and by private literary and critical observations ("The Fate of Pushkin", "Poetry of F.I. Tyutchev", "Buddhist mood in Poetry", etc.). The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze those principles of positive aesthetics that have most influenced Rodnyanskaya's critical method.     The absence of a holistic teaching about aesthetics in Solovyov did not prevent the fact that the basic principles were used by Rodnyanskaya in private literary and critical observations. The main conclusions of the study are the data that allow us to talk about the rapprochement of Rodnyanskaya and Solovyov not only at the level of methodology, but also in the aspect of the poetics of literary and critical utterance. Common to Solovyov and Rodnyanskaya should be considered the plot, which consists in solving a problem related to the sphere of spirituality or, in a narrow sense, with the study of the artist's soul. The works of representatives of the philosophical direction of criticism are distinguished by the presence of two time layers.
Social norms in society as an integral factor in the formation and evaluation of an individual's reputation
Authors: Kryukova Yuliya Evgen'evna
Published: August 2022

One of the problems in the study of reputation, which faces specialists in different fields, is the search for factors of formation and criteria for evaluating the value characteristics of subjects, both individualized and collective. For example, experts in the field of game theory are of the opinion that there are game-theoretic models of reputation and norms of activity, and reputation itself, in their research, is, in a sense, a reflection on the norm of activity. In this article, the task is to consider social norms, firstly, as a factor in the formation of reputation, and secondly, as a factor in the assessment of the subject. During the period of education, there is an interiosis of social norms and the formation of value systems, which affects the activity of the subject. Based on the analysis of the subject's activities, one can judge the reputation. The very concept of "reputation" is polysemantic in nature. This allows us to talk about reputation, on the one hand, as a certain phenomenon, an established system of assessments and value characteristics, on the other, as a process of forming such assessments and characteristics. In the latter case, it turns out that "reputation" as a procedural concept turns to us in the form of a process of searching for the value characteristics of subjects and the results of their activities and the decision-making process on what assessment to give to the activity of the subject.The article will show that the compliance or non-compliance of the subject's activity with generally accepted social norms, as well as the value preferences of the evaluating subject, turns out to be one of the fundamental factors for making a decision regarding the reputation of the evaluated subject, both individualized and collective.
Aspek Semiotik dan Nilai Pendidikan Karakter pada Lirik Tembang Dolanan Karya Sunan Giri
Authors: Zini Rodatul Ashab  , Hannan Nawawi  , Supriyah
Published: August 2022

Dalam Penelitian ini, Peneliti memilih meneleliti tembang dolanan karya Sunan Giri terdapat banyak nila-nilai pendidikan yang diajarkannya, Namun untuk saat ini tembang dolanan karya wali songo dan juga Karya Sunan Giri kurang dikenal dikalangan remaja, remaja saat ini malah lebih mengenal lagu-lagu pop, dangdut dan rege yang diciptakan dan dinyanyian oleh para penyanyi lirik-liriknya yang membuat mereka tertarik untuk mempelajarinya dan menghafalkanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan aspek semiotik dalam teks lirik tembang dolanan karya Sunan Giri dan Nilai pendidikan karakter karya Sunan Giri dengan Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, sehingga dalam hasil penelitian ini dipaparkan teks tembang dolanan karya Sunan Giri dengan mengunakn teori aspek semiotik dan Nilai pendidikan karakter. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberi manfaat pemahaman dan menjadi bahan pengembangan yang lebih baik tentang aspek semiotik dan nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada di masyarakat melalui artefak dan legenda dari sunan Ampel dengan sunan Bungkul.Bermanfaat untuk memberikan pengajaran di Sekolah mengenai kesastraan.Bermanfaat bagi masyarakat untuk memahami dan mewariskan artefak dan legenda kepada anak cucunya.
Eletroestimulação neuromuscular em pacientes com Covid-19: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Souza Rhadarany Mayara Barbosa de , Martins Maria Heloísa Ferreira , Souza Jucélia Cristiane da Silva , Sobral Laise Alves , Jacome Luciana Maria da Silva , Oliveira Genivaldo Gedeão Batista de , Souza Juliana Paula Mendes de , Silva Raissa Tamires da , Rodrigues Maria Eduarda Inácio , Carvalho Thiago Nunes de Azevedo Ferraz de
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar os benefícios da eletroestimulação neuromuscular em pacientes acometidos pela Covid-19. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, tendo como um dos critérios artigos publicados entre o ano de 2019 e 2022, realizando as buscas através das bases de dados: SciELO, Literatura LILACS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, PEDro. Resultados: Foram encontrados 27 artigos na base de dados, após uma análise mais criteriosa, sendo selecionados 6 artigos para compor aos resultados deste trabalho.  Considerações finais: Pode-se considerar a eletroestimulação neuromuscular como um recurso terapêutico, apresentado, para pacientes com perda de massa muscular, decorrente da Covid-19. Sendo uma terapia que apresenta resultados relevantes no processo da sarcopenia, mantendo a espessura dos músculos e diminuindo os casos de morbidade e mortalidade. Visto que pacientes com maior permanência no ambiente hospitalar correm risco de contaminações, maior tempo do uso de ventilação mecânica, consequentemente, diminui o tempo de uso de medicações e tempo de desuso da musculatura. O recurso pode ser utilizado em pacientes conscientes/cooperativos ou sedado/inconscientes, recrutando a musculatura de forma eletrofisiológica.
A study to assess anxiety, stress and depression among private medical practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study
Authors: Goel Sanju , Patra Apurba , Malhotra Vishal , Kaura Sakshi
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

This study aims to assess the magnitude of anxiety, stress, and depression among private practitioners during the COVID pandemic 2020.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was done using a semi-structured questionnaire through electronic media in the form of Google Forms. Patient health questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 were incorporated into the questionnaire to assess the psychological status in November 2020.

Results:

A total of 157 private practitioners participated in the study. Males constituted 60%. Participants have mean age (SD) of 44.2 (6.9) years with work experience and a mean (SD) of 16.3 (6.78) years. The anxiety and depression subscales of the PHQ-4 scale showed that 54.7% of the private practitioners have anxiety subscale ≥3 and 28% have depression subscale >3 needing further psychiatric evaluation. Significant predictors of anxiety and depression were female gender, younger and less experienced, and those providing inpatient services in COVID care isolation facilities.

Conclusion:

There is a high prevalence of anxiety, stress, and depression among private practitioners comparable with other countries.
A rat model of septic shock using live Escherichia coli and response to Noradrenaline
Authors: Thomas Sajo , Manickam Soosai A. , Mukadam Farhan Adam , V Aravindan , Subramani Sathya
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Popular animal models of septic shock involve injections of endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide). Other methods that induce sepsis are often time-consuming and require long-term monitoring facilities. Further, individual models using different bacterial strains can deepen our understanding of sepsis pathophysiology. Hence, our objective was to develop an acute and functional Wistar rat model of septic shock using live strains of Escherichia coli and then administer Noradrenaline, a known sympathomimetic drug, to study if the response is along expected lines.

Materials and Methods:

After random allocation to one of three groups (Group 1 – E. coli alone, n=7; Group 2 – E. coli followed by Noradrenaline, n = 7 and Group 3 – control (n = 4), which received saline injections), Wistar rats were anesthetised and intra-arterial pressure was recorded from carotid artery catheter. Live E. coli suspended in normal saline (5 Mcfarland concentration; dose – 650 uL/100 g body weight) was injected through the tail vein to induce sepsis. When mean arterial pressure dropped to 50% of its value before E. coli injection, Noradrenaline was injected in Group 2.

Results:

The average time (t1, n = 14) for the septic shock to set in was about 1.94 ± 0.97 h. Six out of seven rats (Group 1) died within 60 min without intervention. The addition of Noradrenaline after hypotension in Group 2 prolonged the time to death significantly by about 170 min.

Conclusion:

The rat septic shock model using E. coli described in the study is an acute, stable, and functional model to study various aspects of septic shock. Administration of Noradrenaline prolonged the animal’s life in septic shock as expected. Future studies using other common sepsis agents encountered in clinics can be undertaken similarly.
Recording of motor and somatosensory evoked potential in an anaesthetised Wistar rat using digital polyrite system
Authors: Bhattacharyya Supti , Kochhar Kanwal Preet , Jain Suman
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

The aim of this article is to explain the detailed methodology to record Motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) in adult albino Wistar rat, male (200–250 g) which has not been defined previously.

Materials and Methods:

We have standardised recording of both MEP and SSEP in these rats under anaesthesia on ADI digital polyrite system.

Results:

Evoked potentials have been widely studied in spinal cord injured patients to estimate the degree of injury and to establish a predictive measure of functional recovery. MEPs and SSEPs, arising from the motor cortex or peripheral nerve and generated either by direct electrical stimulation or by transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been advocated as a reliable indicator of descending and ascending pathway integrity. In the rat brain, there is a physical overlap between the motor and somatosensory cortex. Hence, our objective was to identify the exact area for stimulation in the cortex where we could record maximum response with the application of minimum electrical stimulation.

Conclusion:

The recording of MEP and SSEP together provides a powerful neurological technique to monitor the tracts of the spinal cord.
Perceiving the uncooperative patient in homoeopathic clinical practice: A case series
Authors: Patil Manoj Kishor
Published: August 2022

Understanding a patient is one of the most difficult tasks a homoeopathic physician faces; every new patient presents a new challenge. Building a rapport with every patient is not only a crucial task for the homoeopath, not all patients cooperate with the process, which in itself could be an individualistic feature. To perceive a man in disease, the homoeopath must be a master of interview techniques to create a Hahnemannian integrated totality, which is a challenging task. This paper demonstrated the role of the interview technique in perceiving the uncooperative patient to define therapeutic problem definition and resolution in homoeopathic clinical practice. Listening, observing, questioning, interpreting confronting and empathising were effective interview techniques to successfully create a Hahnemannian integrated totality to understand the man behind the sickness in uncooperative patients. This study demonstrated the successful application of interview techniques that enable a homoeopath to understand a patient as a person through the complaints in terms of integrated Hahnemannian totality to construct a therapeutic problem resolution.
Utility of extended matching questions as an assessment tool in homoeopathic education
Authors: Rao Shama Manoj
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

Extended matching questions (EMQ) is a written assessment tool used in western countries to assess clinical diagnostic thinking; it examines whether the student can apply classroom learning to similar clinical scenarios in practice. The use of this tool has shown good results. This study aimed to determine the utility of EMQ in Homoeopathic postgraduate students to assess knowledge about core topics in homoeopathic philosophy.

Material and Methods:

The tool was used in the module of miasms with Part 1 Homoeopathic Postgraduate students during their Advanced Teaching of Fundamentals of Homoeopathy sessions wherein a case-based approach is used to teach the core subjects of Homoeopathy (Homeopathic philosophy, Materia Medica, Repertory) with Clinical Medicine. These sessions are part of the curriculum for the MD (Hom) course Part 1. The module of miasms was chosen for this study. The pathogenesis and travel of disease pathology on the soil of miasm were the grounds used for assessing students. The students were asked to solve the same EMQ caselets before and after the classroom session with the expectation that they would extend their learning from class to similar scenario in caselets (post-session). Both answer sheets were scored and statistical testing (paired t-test) was applied.

Results:

There was a significant change in the P value for the EMQ on the Tubercular miasm. The scoring of the tests for the other miasms was influenced by various variables which were not attended to and so later affected the scoring of the pre and post-tests.

Conclusion:

EMQ as an assessment tool goes beyond simple recall and memorisation. It covers analysis, evaluation and synthesis (higher domains of Bloom’s taxonomy). It can be used as an assessment tool for Homoeopathic students. The students need to be explained the relevance of the exercise comprehensively. Extension of learning is possible from the classroom to other similar scenarios which can be assessed.
Experience with Adalimumab Biosimilar in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis at our District General Hospital in Shropshire, United Kingdom
Authors: Sagdeo Amol , Sagdeo Anuja , Amarasena Roshan
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

The main objective of this article was to share our experience with Idacio (adalimumab biosimilar) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Material and Methods:

We collected prospective data from the first 50 patients who were prescribed Idacio from September 2020 to August 2021. We collected their efficacy, and safety data from their subsequent visits up to 6 months. All the adverse events were recorded in our datasheet. As patients were not directly involved in the study, ethics committee approval was not needed for this study.

Results:

Out of 25 RA patients, an adequate response was noted in 13 (54.2%) patients. Eleven (44%) of RA patients did not have any response to Idacio and one patient lost to follow-up due to moving out of the region hence account was closed for Idacio. Eight (57%) out of 14 patients with AS had an adequate response after Idacio treatment. Four (44.4%) out of nine patients with PsA had an adequate response and two patients with PsA lost to follow-up due to a change of address after only 1 month of treatment. Side effects noted in these 50 patients were facial rash in one patient, two patients had neutropenia (none of them had to stop the drug) and two patients had injection site pain initially on the first two injections. The patient with a severe facial rash had to stop the treatment.

Conclusion:

Idacio therapy was safe and effective in our cohort of patients with few side effects.
Fosfomycin
Authors: Kalikar Mrunalini
Published: August 2022

Fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was originally developed more than 45 years ago. Because it has both in vitro and in vivo activities against a wide range of multidrug-resistant as well as extensively drug-resistant bacteria, fosfomycin is potentially a good candidate for treating infections with these bacteria. Fosfomycin ([2R,3S-3-methyloxiran-2-yl] phosphonic acid) is the only natural phosphonic acid containing an epoxide ring, which lends good antibacterial activity to this molecule. Furthermore, fosfomycin, with a low molecular weight of 138.06 g molecular weight, is different from any other antibiotic family, indicating no cross-resistance for this drug in the clinical application. Reassessing and reevaluating ‘old’ antibiotics such as fosfomycin have been proposed as a possible strategy in treating drug-resistant bacterial infections.
A Study of NT-ProBNP and ETCO2 in Patients Presenting with Acute Dyspnoea
Authors: Saboo Riya , Chand Dipti
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

In patients presenting with acute dyspnoea in the emergency department (ED), the early and correct diagnosis may present a significant clinical challenge. The most common diagnoses of acute shortness of breath and manifesting signs of respiratory distress are decompensated heart failure (HF), pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary embolism (PE), asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other causes like anaemia. The aim of the study was to measure NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and exhaled end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) in patients presenting with dyspnoea.

Material and Methods:

This prospective, cross-sectional and observational study was performed at the Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, between October 2019 and October 2021 in patients admitted to the medicine intensive care unit. Three groups of patients were compared: (1) HF-related acute dyspnoea group (n = 52), (2) pulmonary (COPD/PE)-related acute dyspnoea group (n = 31) and (3) sepsis with ARDS-related dyspnoea group (n = 13). All patients underwent initial clinical examination with a recording of initial vital parameters along with on-admission ETCO2 measurement, NT-proBNP testing, arterial blood gas testing, lung ultrasound examination, 2D echocardiography, chest X-rays, and other basic diagnostic laboratory testing.

Results:

We included 96 patients during the study period. Median NT-proBNP was found to be maximum for the HF group (11,480 pg/ml) followed by the sepsis group (780 pg/ml) and pulmonary group (231 pg/ml). The mean ETCO2 value was found to be maximum in the pulmonary group (48.610 mmHg) followed by HF (31.51 mmHg) and the sepsis group (19.46 mmHg). All results were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

NT-proBNP has high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating acute HF-related dyspnoea from pulmonary (COPD and ARDS)-related acute dyspnoea. The higher levels of ETCO2 help in diagnosing patients with COPD.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Mitra Sajal , Mitra Rachit
Published: August 2022

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is remodelled constantly throughout life. The arrangement of compact and cancellous bone provides strength and density suitable for both mobility and protection. Osteoporosis is defined as a reduction in the strength of bone that leads to an increased risk of fractures. The World Health Organisation operationally defined osteoporosis as a bone density also referred to as a T-score of <–2.5 and is associated with increased risk of fractures. Bone remodelling is regulated by multiple hormones, including oestrogens (in both genders), androgens, Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as locally produced growth factors, such as IGF-I, transforming growth factor β, PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), interleukins, prostaglandins and members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily. The risk of fracture can be predicted by the Fracture Risk Assessment score. Several non-invasive techniques are available for estimating skeletal mass or bone mineral density including single energy X-ray absorptiometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography and ultra-sound. Total daily calcium intakes <400 mg are detrimental to the skeleton. The recommended daily required intake of 1000–1200 mg for adults accommodates population heterogeneity in controlling calcium balance. For optimal skeletal health, serum 25(OH)D should be >75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL). Bisphosphonates have become the mainstay of osteoporosis treatment. Calcitonin preparations are approved by the FDA for osteoporosis in women >5 years past menopause. Denosumab was approved by the FDA in 2010. Parathormone analogues augment trabecular bone mineral density and reduce fracture occurrence. PTH (1–34) (teriparatide) produced substantial increments in bone mass. Abaloparatide is a synthetic analogue of human PTHrP, which has significant homology to PTH and also binds the PTH Type 1 receptor increasing the bone mass. Ageing is associated with progressive decline in overall muscle strength and bone loss. Resistance training increases bone strength and density, reducing the risk of fracture during a fall. Increased levels of endurance, strength and balance with exercises increase the threshold for disability and dependence as we age. Inactive and sedentary lifestyle should be discouraged. Treatment accessibility could be improved and treatment adherence should be encouraged.