bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creador y criatura: percepción de profesores de español sobre la producción de material didáctico.
Authors: Miranda Ana Karla Pereira de , Gomes Álvaro José dos Santos , Kanashiro Daniela Sayuri Kawamoto
Published: January 2021

Nuestro estudio forma parte del proyecto de investigación acerca de la formación de profesores de español del Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Linguagem e Educação (Geple), de la Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). En este trabajo, discutimos la percepción de tres alumnas del curso de Letras acerca de sus experiencias como productoras de materiales didácticos para cursos modulares con fines académicos, vinculados al Programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras (IsF). Fundamentamos nuestros análisis en Leffa (2007), Vetromille-Castro (2011), Paiva (2011) y Morin (2016), cuando discutimos la educación lingüística, los Sistemas Adaptativos Complejos (SAC) y la producción de materiales didácticos. Los aspectos metodológicos llevados a cabo en la selección y análisis de los datos están basados en la investigación cualitativa, mediante aplicación de cuestionario semiestructurado (DUARTE, 2004; GIL, 2010). Los análisis se organizan en seis bloques: (i) acerca de las informantes; (ii) análisis del contexto; (iii) desarrollo del material; (iv) implementación del material; (v) evaluación del material; (vi) formación docente. Por fin, consideramos que la experiencia de elaboración de material didáctico, bajo la orientación del coordinador pedagógico, fue significativa para la formación de las profesoras, pues les posibilitó nuevos aprendizajes y la vivencia del protagonismo docente.
Impact of Acute Total Occlusion of Culprit Artery on Outcome in NSTEMI – Results From a Large National Registry
Authors: Terlecki Michał , Wojciechowska Wiktoria , Dudek Dariusz , Siudak Zbigniew , Plens Krzysztof , Guzik Tomasz , Drożdż Tomasz , Pęksa Jan , Bartuś Stanisław , Wojakowski Wojciech , Grygier Marek , Rajzer Marek
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe impact of acute total occlusion (TO) of culprit artery in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is not fully established. We aimed to evaluate clinical and angiographic phenotype and outcome of NSTEMI patients with TO (NSTEMITO) compared to NSTEMI patients without TO (NSTEMINTO) and those with ST-segment elevation and TO (STEMITO).MethodsDemographic, clinical and procedure-related data of patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in acute myocardial infarction between 2014 and 2017 from the Polish National Registry were analysed.Results We evaluated 131,729 patients: NSTEMINTO (n=65,206), NSTEMITO (n=16,209) and STEMITO (n=50,314). NSTEMITO group had intermediate results compared to NSTEMINTO and STEMITO regarding: mean age (68.78±11.39 vs 65.98±11.61 vs 64.86±12.04 (years), p<0.0001), Killip class IV on admission (1.69 vs 2.48 vs 5.03(%), p<0.0001), cardiac arrest before admission (2.19 vs 3.09 vs 6.02(%), p<0.0001) and death during PCI (0.43 vs 0.97 vs 1.76(%), p<0.0001) - for NSTEMINTO, NSTEMITO and STEMITO, respectively. However, in NSTEMITO we noticed: the longest time from pain to first medical contact (median 4.0 vs 5.0 vs 2.0 (hours), p<0.0001); left circumflex artery (LCx) most often as culprit lesion (14.09 vs 35.86 vs 25.42(%), p<0.0001) and lowest frequency of TIMI flow grade 3 after PCI (88.61 vs 83.36 vs 95.57(%), p<0.0001).ConclusionsNSTEMITO clearly differs from NSTEMINTO. It appears as an intermediate condition between NSTEMINTO and STEMITO, although NSTEMITO patients have the longest time delay to and the worst result of PCI which can be explained by the location of the culprit lesion in LCx.
Co-integration of single transistor neurons and synapses by nanoscale CMOS fabrication for highly scalable neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Han Joon-Kyu , Oh Jungyeop , Yun Gyeong-Jun , Yoo Dongeun , Kim Myung-Su , Yu Ji-Man , Choi Sung-Yool , Choi Yang-Kyu
Published: January 2021

Co-integration of multi-state single transistor neurons and synapses was demonstrated for highly scalable neuromorphic hardware, using nanoscale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication. The neurons and synapses were integrated on the same plane with the same process because they have the same structure of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with different functions such as homotype. By virtue of 100% CMOS compatibility, it was also realized to co-integrate the neurons and synapses with additional CMOS circuits, such as a current mirror and inverter. Such co-integration can enhance packing density, reduce chip cost, and simplify fabrication procedures. Neuronal inhibition and tunability of the firing threshold voltage were demonstrated for an energy efficient and reliable neural network. The multi-state single transistor neuron with low peak power consumption of 120 nW that can control neuronal inhibition and the firing threshold voltage was achieved. Spatio-temporal neuronal functionalities are demonstrated with analyses of a fabricated neuromorphic module, which is composed of a single transistor neuron and a set of single transistor synapse. Image processing for letter pattern recognition and face image recognition is performed using a hardware-based circuit simulation and a software-based neuromorphic simulation, respectively.
Public risk perception and responsive behaviors in the United States, United Kingdom, and Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Anran , Xiu Xiaolei , Wu Sizhu
Published: January 2021

Background: Understanding public perception and behaviors toward COVID-19 is valuable for mitigating the severe epidemic. Our study aimed to investigate differences of the public from the US, UK, and Brazil on the aspects of the living environment, behaviors, attitude and risk perception. Methods: Dataset were taken from the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Survival Calculator project. 89554 respondents from the US (n=71812), UK (n=10392), and Brazil (n=7350) completed online questionnaire survey from April 28 to July 8. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to describe respondents’ responses. Chi-square tests with Holm-Bonferroni correction and binary logistic regression were used to determine the differences in environmental status, behaviors and worried degree of participants among the three countries, and further explore the sociodemographic characteristics related to protective measures. Results: Brazil participants had the highest risk perception to COVID-19, followed by the US, and the UK was the lowest (39.02±24.57 vs. 32.72±22.38 vs. 29.47+22.39, P<0.001). More Brazil participants expressed that they were worried about COVID-19. The proportion of respondents from the US and UK who reported they were not worried about COVID-19 was 2.00 times (95%CI: 1.80-2.23) and 3.24 times (95%CI: 2.88-3.65) that of Brazil. A higher percentage of Brazil respondents reported they were in close contact with more than ten people, using public transport and engaging in work. Regarding behaviors, social distancing (ranges:84.9%-86.8%) and washing hands (ranges:84.8%-90.3%) were the most frequently used protective measures, but respondents from the US (69.8%) and UK (15.8%) were relatively reluctant to wear masks. Moreover, it was found that participants from ethnic minorities were more likely to take protective measures. But males, respondents under 20 years, and respondents with poor economic conditions had various degrees of neglect to take steps. Meanwhile, healthcare workers also had a relatively stronger awareness of protection. Conclusion: There are significant differences in the environment, behaviors, attitude and risk perception of the public from the US, UK and Brazil. The sociodemographic subgroups analysis indicated that it is necessary to enhance protection publicity and support for specific groups. Our findings are conducive to the public health authorities to carry out more targeted publicity work of COVID-19 protection measures.
Ultra-rapid and highly efficient enrichment of organic pollutants via magnetic nanoparticles/mesoporous nanosponge compounds for ultrasensitive nanosensors
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Hao Rui , You Hongjun , Nan Hu , Dai Yanzhu , Fang Jixiang
Published: January 2021

Developing advanced sensing and detection technologies to effectively monitor organic micropollutants in water is under urgent demand in both scientific and industrial communities. Currently, owing to the ultrahigh sensitivity on the single-molecule level with highly informative spectra characteristics, SERS technique is regarded as the most direct and effective detection technique. However, some weakly adsorbed molecules, such as most of persistent organic pollutants, cannot exhibit strong SERS signals, which is a long-standing key challenge that has not been solved. Here, we show an enrichment-typed sensing strategy based on a powerful porous composite material, call mesoporous nanosponge. The nanosponge consists of magnetic nanoparticles immobilized porous β-cyclodextrin polymers, demonstrating remarkable capability of effective and fast removal of organic micropollutants, e.g. ~90% removal efficiency within ~1 min. With the anchoring of magnetic nanoparticles, the current new polymer adsorbent can be easily recycled from water and re-dispersed in ethanol so that the target molecules in the cavity of adsorbent is concentrated, with an enrichment factor up to ~103. By means of the current enrichment strategy, the limit of detection (LOD) of the typical organic pollutants can be significantly improved, i.e. increasing 2~3 orders of magnitude, compared with the detection without molecule enrichment protocol. Consequently, the current enrichment strategy is proved to be applicable in a variety of fields for portable and fast detection, such as Raman and fluorescent.
Perception and Knowledge of Telemedicine Technology in Hispanic Practicing Physicians: Instrument Validation
Authors: Alvarado-Villa Geovanny , KuonYeng-Escalante Christian , Sagñay-Pinilla Nicolás , Paz Carlos Vera , Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan
Published: January 2021

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple countries has taken measures, such as isolation and quarantine to prevent person-to-person spread of disease. This forced many physicians to adopt new techniques to continue patient care, such as telemedicine, that has proven to be useful in continued care of non-COVID 19 pathologies. Different factors influence the perception of telemedicine in medical practitioners such as security, confidentiality, cost-effectiveness issues, comfort, and the risk of malpractice. Methods The original questionnaire included 6 domains with 40 questions, each question was measured with a five-point likert-scale ranging from very high [5] to very low [1]. Consequently, the survey was translated to spanish using machine translation (MT). The translation was reviewed independently and then a consensus was made regarding minor changes in the syntax of the survey to facilitate understanding. After the expert feedback and questionnaire indicators, the research team members proposed to reduce the instrument to 13-items in 4 domains, due similarity of questions. The sample was divided into 2 groups, randomly selected. Results The 382 surveys were collected and separated in two random samples, S1 and S2, (198 and 184 respectively). In exploratory factor analysis (EFA) the 13-items are grouped into the four theoretical domains, item 7 presented cross loading between factors and was removed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to assess scale reliability and inter scale associations; three models were tested. Conclusions The translated instrument was clear, with adequate internal consistency, readability, and appropriate to be applied in the physician setting. This validated questionnaire made it possible to evaluate the real knowledge of telemedicine in order to increase its use, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Study on Comparison Between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine on Caudal Epidural Injection on Fogera Breed Cow in Gondar University Dairy Farm
Authors: hailu Endalkachew , Kasse Gashaw
Published: January 2021

Background: Caudal epidural anesthesia commonly utilized in veterinary practice to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical interventions in the perineal region of cows. An experimental study conducted on epidural anesthesia from October 2018 to March 2019 on 6 cows with repeated treatments after one week by two groups of anesthetic drugs. Methods and materias First Lignocaine is given for Group-I of cows in the first intercoccygeal space and then the same animals after one week injected Lignocaine-Xylazine together in the intercoccygeal space. The Clinical-physiological parameters such as the onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, ataxia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the two groups studied by compression. Finally, the significance of the change in the study unit between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine analyzed according to SPSS version 19 for t-test and P-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant change that appeared between the onset of analgesia of Lignocaine (4.3±0.6min) alone and Lignocaine-Xylazine (4.9±1.1min) injection together (t=1.17; P>0.05). This indicates that the addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine does not significantly delay the onset of anesthesia. However, there was a significant difference observed in the duration of analgesia between two groups (t=13.2; P<0.05) with Lignocaine-Xylazine (259.5±12.38min) longer duration than Lignocaine alone (84±4.05min). This indicates that Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration of analgesia. In the case of physiological parameters, there were significant variations in heart rate (t=7.5; P<0.05) with Group II cows lower in heart rate than Group I cows. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed on respiratory rate (t=2.13; P<0.05) in which the addition of Xylazine on Lignocaine significantly lower breathing rate than Lignocaine injection alone. Finally, on rectal temperature, there was no statistically significant difference appeared (t=1.7; P>0.005) with rectal temperature in Group I cows (0.15± 0.28 OC) and in Group II cows (0.9±0.31 OC) which indicate that addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine lower rectal temperature similar to Lignocaine injection alone. Mild ataxia was observed in three groups I, cows, and there was no sedation and salivation noted at all. In Group II, cows mild to severe ataxia, deep sedation, salivation, and falling observed. In both groups, there was no anesthetic complication during epidural analgesia and after recovery noted.Conclusion: generally this study showed that, combination of Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration and quality of analgesia.
Semi-Markov Modelling of HIV/AIDS Disease Progression
Authors: Asena Tilahun , Goshu Ayele , Senbeta Mebratu , Teni Derbachew
Published: January 2021

Background: HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be the main challenge in the world. According to United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports of 2013, 35 million people were living with HIV worldwide, with 2.1 million new infections and with 1.5 million deaths occurred each year. Among these, 24.7 million lived in sub-Saharan Africa with 1.5 million new infections and 1.1 million AIDS deaths.Method: The main objective of this study is finding factors affecting HIV/AIDS disease progression. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of factors on HIV/AIDS disease progression. Patient follow-up data is obtained at Yirgalim General Hospital. A sample of 370 Patient data from a follow-up cohort is obtained at Yirgalim General Hospital. Multivariate generalized hazard regression model was employed to investigate the disease progression using both time independent and time dependent covariates. Result: The study revealed that the risk of transition differs by patient's body mass index. Increase in the body mass index reduces the risk of transiting into the next worst states. The effects of sex, weight, age and body mass index of patients are significantly associated with AIDS disease progression. The risk of transition differs by patient's body mass index. Increase in the body mass index reduces the risk of transiting into the next worst states. The effect of sex, weight, age and body mass index of patients are significantly associated with AIDS disease progression. The results further revealed that the semi-Markov model with Weibull waiting time distribution has smaller log likelihood and AIC values compared to a semi-Markov model with exponential waiting time distribution.Conclusion: Transition probabilities are highly dependent on the choice of waiting times. We recommend that while choosing waiting time distributions for semi-Marko models one should consider appropriate distributions as waiting time distribution effect have a significant change on the estimated model parameters. In addition, this study recommends that concerned bodies should look at deferent contributing factors of AIDS diseases progression in addition to the ART services administered for slowing the current level of high diseased population in the country.
Liquefaction in Palu: The Cause of Massive Mudflows
Authors: Jalil Abdul , Fathani Teuku Faisal , Satyarno Iman , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: January 2021

The 7.5 Mw tectonic earthquake that hit Palu City on 28 September 2018 was followed by tsunami and liquefaction that triggered massive mudflows in Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge areas. Extensive damages to infrastructures occurred as the result of these earthquake-triggered disasters. This study explores the causing factors of the massive mudflow in Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge areas as it is a quite rare phenomenon. This study focuses on the causing factors of liquefaction such as the condition of soil lithology, depth of water table, distance to the fo[1]cal mechanism, and the thickness of soft sediment. To carry out the liquefaction analysis, important data, such as microtremor data which included the Horizontal Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), geological condition, and borehole data, were examines. Additional data i.e. ground layers slopes and other factors were also investigated. Normally, these data are not considered when observing common liquefaction. However, for the case of massive mudflows in Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge, they become the key factors. Based on the microtremor data, the analysis results show that the distribution of ground shear strain values in Palu City ranges from 0.75×10-4 to 2.56×10-4. The distribution of the locations of the liquefaction corresponds to the distribution of ground shear strain values. High ground shear strain values were discovered in Palu City valley. Such high value and groundwater level indicate that liquefaction in Palu City will certainly take place. The semi-empirical method confirms that Balaroa, Petobo, and Jono Oge have high potential for large-scale liquefaction to occur at a maximum depth of 16 meters below the ground surface. Having loose soil grain with high water content, the soil will turn into a massive amount of mud during the liquefaction. In addition, ground slopes and ground vibration due to the earthquake will create massive mudflows similar to flash flood. However, the mudflows movement is slow since the slope inclination is slight.
Women Experience Respect and Disrespect during Childbirth in Tertiary Teaching Hospital. Southwest Part of Ethiopia: Participant Observation, qualitative study
Authors: Megersa Hirut , Thoresen Lisbeth , Lulseged Belayneh , Lindahl Anne Karin
Published: January 2021

Background: Disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth is a negative experience for women in developed and developing regions. Types and drivers of disrespect and abuse vary based on study settings. Few studies have explored disrespect and abuse in tertiary teaching hospitals settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore women experience of disrespect and abuse in one of tertiary teaching hospitals in southwest part of Ethiopia. Method: Qualitative participant observation was used as a data collection method. Fieldwork was conducted in the labour ward, the normal postnatal ward, and the maternity recovery room for three consecutive months in Jimma University specialized teaching hospital. The participant observation units were selected purposively, and 53 episodes of women in labour and 33 episodes of post-partum women were observed. The data were organized and analysed using NVIVO qualitative analysis software.and we used the thematic analysis method.Results: Three categories of themes were identified: disrespect and abuse, contributor themes, and respectful themes. Disrespect and abuse themes were physical abuse, poor communication, non-consented care, lack of privacy, lack of confidentiality , neglected care, loss of autonomy and lack of companion,. Contributor themes for disrespect and abuse were provider-related, health system-related, and women-related themes. Provider-related themes were lack of respect among providers and lack of collaboration and communication. Health-system related themes were poor human resource management, scarcity of equipment and supplies, and wastage of supplies. A women-related contributor was women passivity. Respectful care themes were in two categories: respectful provider and respectful facility cultures. Respectful provider practice includes: timely evaluation at admission, being with women, supportive care, and teamwork during emergency. Respectful facility culture included postpartum companion and free delivery service.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that women experienced disrespect and abuse at a teaching health care facility. Policy makers, administrators, and quality improvement initiative activities need to address the identified contributors to improve women’s experience in health care facilities.
Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Is an Effective Method to Detect Carbapenemases Without Risk of OXA-48-like Cross Reactivity
Authors: Kon Hadas , Abramov Shirin , Frenk Sammy , Schwartz David , Shalom Ohad , Adler Amos , Carmeli Yehuda , Lellouche Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Background: It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods: A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results: Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of five carbapenemases.
Surgical Treatment of Primary Intracranial and Extracranial Communicating Leiomyosarcoma with One Case Recurred
Authors: wang zeyi , pu kuairong , zhang wencai , chen peng , shao dongchuan , zhao nan
Published: January 2021

backgroundTo analyze and summarize the clinical features and diagnosis and treatment experience on primary intracranial and extracranial communicating leiomyosarcoma to deepen clinicians’understanding of the rare disease.Cases presentationThe clinical data and recurrence of a patient who was diagnosed with primary intracranial and extracranial communicating leiomyosarcoma admitted to the Neurosurgery Department, The Affiliated Ganmei Hospital of Kunming Medical University in May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the patient data, two successful surgical operations were performed and the surgeries went well, with more than 2-year and 8-month follow-up so far. No obvious complications were found after hospital discharge, and follow-up was continued.ConclusionsSurgical removal is the most important and effective treatment means for primary intracranial and extracranial communicating leiomyosarcoma currently.
System Coupling and Coordinating Evaluation of Green Low-carbon Development in Coal Enterprises
Authors: Xu Yinna , Zhao Guohao
Published: January 2021

Green low-carbon development is the direction for coal enterprises to cope with overcapacity, industrial restructuring and enterprise transformation. Based on the connotation of green low-carbon development, this paper deconstructed the green low-carbon development of coal enterprises into a process of coupling and coordinated development of green low-carbon system (GLCS) and innovation development system (IDS) from a systematic perspective, further deconstructed the green low-carbon system into two subsystems of environment (ES) and resources(RS), and deconstructed the innovation development system into two subsystems of innovation (IS) and growth(GS), built the coupling and coordination evaluation model and grey relational degree model of green low-carbon development of coal enterprises, and made an empirical analysis of China Shenhua Energy Company Limited ("CSEC") and China National Coal Group Corp (“CNCGC”) in 2010-2017. The empirical analysis showed that the coupling and coordinating level of GLCS and IDS of CSEC and CNCGC is both not high, but there are differences in evolutionary trends and causes, and the coupling and interaction mechanism needs to be strengthened; the coupling coordination degree between ES and IS is good, and between RS and GS is the worst in CSEC, and the coupling coordination degree between RS and GS is highly correlated with the coupling coordination degree between GLS and IDS, and improving the level of IS is an important direction for CSEC; But in CNCGC the coupling coordination degree between subsystems fluctuates greatly, and there is no persistent good and persistent bad coupling, but in the past two years, the level of coupling coordination among subsystems has a rising trend, and the level of RS and the degree of coupling coordination between ES and IS have the highest correlation with the degree of coupling coordination between GLS and IDS. Coal enterprises should improve the interaction mechanism among subsystems, strengthen the driving role of green innovation, and promote green low-carbon development.
E2F2 Inhibition Induces Autophagy to Impair Metastasis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Shufen , Shen Liwei , Wang Peige , Liu Shihai , Ma Yingji , Liang Zhiwei , Wang Gongjun , Lv Jing , Qiu Wensheng
Published: January 2021

BackgroundE2F2 is a member of the E2F transcription factor family and has important but not fully understood biological functions in cancers. The pro- and antitumor functions of E2F2 in some cancer types are controversial. However, the biological role of E2F2 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear.MethodsE2F2 expression from multiple gene expression databases was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression were used to analyze the prognostic value of E2F2 expression. The correlation between E2F2 and tumor immune infiltration was investigated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. The functions and pathways of E2F2 and its 50 most highly correlated genes in terms of expression pattern were analyzed using Database Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. We used immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting to detect the expression level of E2F2 in GC. We further investigated the effects of E2F2 on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, autophagy, and the migration and invasion of GC cells by the wound healing assay, Transwell assay, western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsE2F2 was highly expressed in both GC tissues and cells compared with normal gastric tissues/cells in public datasets and our validation experiments. High E2F2 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). In addition, the expression of E2F2 in GC had a strong correlation with a variety of immune markers. E2F2 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy. In contrast, inhibition of E2F2 inhibited the migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy.ConclusionThis study provides multilevel evidence for the significance of E2F2 in the pathogenesis of GC and its potential as a biomarker for GC. E2F2 was highly expressed in GC, and high E2F2 expression was associated with the characteristics of invasive tumors and poor prognosis. E2F2 had potential modulatory effects on tumor immunity. We found a novel function of E2F2 in the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated autophagy and the downstream process of cell migration and invasion. Our results may provide novel targets and strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Spatial epidemiology of COVID-19 infection through the first outbreak (March-May 2020) in the city of Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Mansouritorghabeh Hasan , Bagherimoghaddam Ahmad , MohammadEbrahimi Shahab , Eslami Saeid , Raouf-Rahmati Amene , Hamer Davidson H , Kiani Behzad
Published: January 2021

Background: Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has converted to a severe threat to global health. It is now considered as the fifth worldwide pandemic problem. This study aims to explore spatial-time distribution of COVID-19 in the first outbreak of COVID-19 in the second major city of Iran (Mashhad). The results will pave the way for better tracking of COVID-19.Methods: Data were collected from two tertiary hospitals in Mashhad in June 2020. They included demographic findings and residential address of the patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease by polymerase chain reaction test. The univariate logistic regression model was used to assess the influence of age and sex on mortality. For spatial-time analysis, after calculating empirical Bayesian rate for every neighborhood, the local Moran's I statistic was used to quantify spatial autocorrelation of COVID-19 frequency at the city neighborhood level.Results: Of 1,535 confirmed cases of COVID-19 included in this study, 951 (62%) were male. Odds of death for patients over 60 years of age was more than three times higher (odds ratio [OR]: 3.7, CI [2.8-4.8]) than for those under the 60 years. In addition, the ratio of relative mortality for male patients was significantly higher than the female (OR: 1.58, CI [1.2-2]). The univariate regression model also revealed that odds of death increased along with increase in duration of hospitalization secondary to COVID-19 disease (OR: 1.02, IQR [1.01-1.02]). The downtown area had a significant high-high cluster throughout much of the study period (March-May 2020). Conclusions: Collection of geographic information system (GIS) map data on SARS-CoV-2 provides insight into clusters of infection and high risk places for COVID-19 transmission. GIS-
Psycho-social wellbeing among in-school adolescents of Sri Lanka; prevalence of selected attributes and associated factors
Authors: Wellappuli Nalinda , Gunawardena Nalika Sepali , Mahesh PK Buddhika , Gunawardena Shanthi , Wickramasinghe Champika , Lokubalasooriya Ayesha , Peiris Renuka , Liyanage Chinthika , Hathurusinghe Lalindi , Mahagamage Kanchana , Senanayake Sameera
Published: January 2021

Background

An optimum adolescence is associated with a psycho-social and cognitive development. These developments affects the interactions in the day-to-day activities of young people and have impacts on their lives beyond the adolescence age-group. The prevalence of psycho-social problems among adolescents are on the rise. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the selected attributes of psycho-social well-being among 13 to 17-year in-school adolescents of Sri Lanka using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS).

Methods

GSHS, was a cross-sectional study conducted among 3,650 adolescents of aged 13-17, attending government schools. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Four selected psychosocial well-being outcomes (i.e. being bullied, loneliness, feeling anxious, suicidal ideation and practices) were assessed with questions for 11 potential associated factors of those. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. Multivariable analysis was done with multiple logistic regression to determine the independent associated factors.

Results

Majority of the respondents belonged to the 13-15 age group (66.5%) and with 51.1% were females. More than one third of the participants (37.7%, 95%CI 36.1-39.5) had experienced bullying 30 days prior to the study. ‘Loneliness’ and ‘feeling anxious’ had been experienced by 9.0% (95%CI 8.0-10.0) and 4.7% (95%CI 3.9- 5.4), respectively. The prevalence of planning an attempt of suicide was 6.3%, while 6.6% had at least attempted suicide once. Multivariable analysis revealed that ‘lacked parental support’ and ‘being engaged in a fight’ were independently associated with being bullied, feeling lonely and considering attempting suicide. Mutual associations of the four outcomes with each other indicate that being bullied was significantly associated with loneliness and feeling anxious. In addition, loneliness was independently associated ‘considering an attempt of suicide’ (OR=2.9, 95%CI=2.0 to 4.3). Feeling anxious was also associated with considering attempting suicide (OR=3.4, 95%CI= 2.1 to 5.4).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the prevalence of psycho-social wellbeing is among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. School-based interventions to address these issues should be designed with the goal of increasing adolescents’ awareness of the measures of raising the psycho-social wellbeing.
Online single-shot pulse reconstruction for optimizing a seeded X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Zeng Li , Gu Duan , Feng Chao , Liu Bo , Zhao Zhentang
Published: January 2021

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) hold promising prospects for opening up opportunities for ultra-fast sciences at the atomic and molecular system. A precise knowledge of temporal information of FEL pulses is the central issue for experiments. Here we proposed and demonstrated an online diagnostic method to determine the FEL temporal profiles at the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL facility. This robust method, designed for seeded FELs, allows researchers to acquire real-time longitudinal profiles of FEL pulses with a resolution better than 3 fs. Based on this method, for the first time, we can directly measure various properties of FEL pulses from two stages and correlations between them online. This helps us to further understand the physics and realize the lasing of a stable, nearly fully coherent soft X-ray FEL through a two-stage harmonic up-shift configuration. This method also provides an intuitive way for precise detection and control of the relative timing between electron beams and external optical lasers.
The Trade Regime Complex and Megaregionals – An Exploration from the Perspective of International Domination
Authors: Brandi Clara
Published: January 2021

Megaregional trade negotiations have become the subject of heated debate, above all in the context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). In this article, I argue that the justice of the global order suffers from its institutional fragmentation into regime complexes. From a republican perspective, which aspires to non-domination as a guiding principles and idea of global justice, regime complexes raise specific and important challenges in that they open the door to specific forms of domination. I thereby challenge a more optimistic outlook in regime complexes, which paints a positive normative picture of regime complexes, arguing that they enable the enhancement of democracy beyond the state and, consequently, have the potential to reduce the democratic deficit in global governance. By drawing attention to how regime complexes reinforce domination-related injustice, this article contributes an original perspective on megaregionals and to exploring the implications of global justice as non-domination.
A Review of The Moral and Political Philosophy of Immigration
Authors: Rosen Velasquez Ernesto
Published: January 2021

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Counteracting Populist Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: Is Government’s Action Legitimate?
Authors: Santi Amantini Laura
Published: January 2021

Right-wing populist parties often resort to a xenophobic rhetoric which both exploits and fuels existing illiberal anti-immigrant sentiments. Since populist anti-immigrant sentiments are at odds with fundamental liberal values and challenge the implementation of any liberal ethics of migration, this essay argues that states should adopt civic education policies to counter such sentiments and persuade citizens to develop liberal attitudes towards immigrants. Empirical evidence suggests that sentiments may be malleable, and there are already examples of local governments devising or supporting initiatives aimed at dispelling prejudices and promoting positive interactions. It might be objected that a government’s involvement in shaping sentiments and opinions conflicts with liberal democratic states’ commitment to individual autonomy and electoral fairness. However, I argue that civic education policies are not necessarily incompatible with such values and I provide five criteria to identify policies that liberal democratic governments may legitimately adopt to counteract anti-immigrant sentiments.
Political Ideologies and Social Imaginaries in the Global Age
Authors: Steger Manfred
Published: January 2021

This article argues that proliferation of prefixes like ‘neo’ and ‘post’ that adorn conventional ‘isms’ have cast a long shadow on the contemporary relevance of traditional political ideologies. Suggesting that there is, indeed, something new about today’s political belief systems, the essay draws on the concept of ‘social imaginaries’ to make sense of the changing nature of the contemporary ideological landscape. The core thesis presented here is that today’s ideologies are increasingly translating the rising global imaginary into competing political programs and agendas. But these subjective dynamics of denationalization at the heart of globalization have not yet dispensed with the declining national imaginary. The twenty-first century promises to be an ideational interregnum in which both the global and national stimulate people’s deep-seated understandings of community. Suggesting a new classification scheme dividing contemporary political ideologies into ‘market globalism’, ‘justice globalism’, and ‘jihadist globalism’, the article ends with a brief assessment of the main ideological features of justice globalism.
Social Liberal or Cosmopolitan?
Authors: Valentini Laura
Published: January 2021

Review: David Miller, National Responsibility and Global Justice, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Partiality Against Parochialism?
Authors: Schemmel Christian
Published: January 2021

Review: Toni Erskine, Embedded Cosmopolitanism – Duties to Strangers and Enemies in a World of ‘Dislocated Communities’, Oxford, Oxford University Press 2008.
Cosmopolitan Global Justice: Brock v. The Feasibility Sceptic
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly
Published: January 2021

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Brock and Justification
Authors: Broszies Christoph
Published: January 2021

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Immigration and Global Justice
Authors: Barry Christian
Published: January 2021

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Feasibility, Nationalism, Migration, Justification, and Global Justice: Some Further Thoughts’
Authors: Brock Gillian
Published: January 2021

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On the Site, Ground and Scope of Justice
Authors: Neuhäuser Christian
Published: January 2021

Review of: Kok-Chor Tan, Justice, Institutions and Luck (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
Institutional Theories and International Development
Authors: Hassoun Nicole
Published: January 2021

A recent trend in international development circles is ‘New Institutionalism’. In a slogan, the idea is just that good institutions matter. The slogan itself is so innocuous as to be hardly worth comment. But the push to improve institutional quality has the potential to have a much less innocuous impact on aid efforts and other aspects of international development. This paper provides a critical introduction to some of the literature on institutional quality. It looks, in particular, at an argument for the conclusion that making aid conditional on good institutional quality will promote development by reducing poverty. This paper suggests that there is little theoretical or empirical evidence that this kind of conditionality is good for the poor.
Climate Change, Population, and Justice: Hard Choices to Avoid Tragic Choices
Authors: Cripps Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

However far we are from either in practice, basic global and intergenerational justice, including climate change mitigation, are taken to be theoretically compatible. If population grows as predicted, this could cease to be the case. This paper asks whether that tragic legacy can now be averted without hard or even tragic choices on population policy. Current generations must navigate between: a high-stakes gamble on undeveloped technology; violating human rights; demanding unbearable sacrifices of the already badly off; institutional unfairness across adults; institutional unfairness across children; failing to protect children’s basic interests; and threatening the autonomy of the family. We are not yet forced to choose between bequeathing a tragic choice and making one, by adopting basically unjust measures. However, even the remaining options present a morally hard choice. The fact we face it is yet another damning indictment on the combined actions and collective failures of the global elite.
The Globalized Republican Ideal
Authors: Pettit Philip
Published: January 2021

The concept of freedom as non-domination that is associated with neo-republican theory provides a guiding ideal in the global, not just the domestic arena, and does so even on the assumption that there will continue to be many distinct states. It argues for a world in which states do not dominate members of their own people and, considered as a corporate body, no people is dominated by other agencies: not by other states and not, for example, by any international agency or multi-national corporation. This ideal is not only attractive in the abstract, it also supports a concrete range of sensible, if often radical international policies.
Rubenstein’s Analysis of the Humanitarian INGOs: The Political Ethics of Decision Making Processes
Authors: Keskin Eda
Published: January 2021

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Expertise and the Politics of Failure
Authors: Kunz Rahel
Published: January 2021

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Combined use of a resistance inducer (Agro-Mos®) and micronutrients for the control of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean
Authors: Silva Monique Thiara Rodrigues e , Conduta Nathalia Silveira , Pontalti Paulo Ricardo Barbosa , Comar Caroline Galego , Nolla Antonio , Arieira Cláudia Regina Dias
Published: January 2021

Elicitors of plant resistance are compounds that activate enzymatic processes involved in plant defense. Micronutrients also play an important role in plant responses against pathogens because they function as enzyme cofactors. Despite their well-known benefits, elicitors and micronutrients have been little investigated in nematode control. This study aimed to assess the effects of Agro-Mos® (a commercial biostimulant) and micronutrients (Zn and Mn), alone and combined, on soybean inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica. Seeds of soybean were sown in trays, treated 15 days after germination, and inoculated with 2000 eggs and juveniles of M. javanica at the time of transplanting. Treatments were as follows: 1 L/ha Agro-Mos®, 2 L/ha Metalosate® Zinc, 1.5 L/ha Metalosate® Manganese, Agro-Mos® + Zn, Agro-Mos® + Mn, and Agro-Mos® + Zn + Mn. Untreated inoculated and uninoculated plants were used as controls. At 60 days after inoculation, plants were harvested and evaluated for vegetative growth, nutrient content, and nematode parameters. All treatments were effective in reducing M. javanica population density in roots compared to the control. Agro-Mos®, Agro-Mos® + Zn, and Agro-Mos® + Zn + Mn were the most effective, reducing total nematode number and population density by 55–78% (P ≤ 0.05) in relation to the control. Agro-Mos® + Zn increased shoot dry weight. The results show that balanced fertilization can be used as part of an integrated nematode control strategy.
Root and shoot growth in safflower as affected by soil compaction
Authors: Montiel Caroline Beal , Secco Deonir , Marins Araceli Ciotti , Junior Luiz Antônio Zanão , Deggerone Jeikson Rafael , Bassegio Doglas
Published: January 2021

Soil compaction, induced by no-tillage practices, can negatively impact soil properties important for plant growth. Compacted soils can restrict root growth depth, resulting in reduced crop yield. Although safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a deep root system, yield may still be affected by soil compaction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate safflower root and shoot growth when submitted to soil compaction in an Oxisol soil under controlled (greenhouse) and field conditions. Five soil bulk density measures were performed in a greenhouse (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 Mg m–3). Four compaction levels (established by the number of passes of a farm tractor: 0, 1, 3, and 5 passes consecutively) were performed to evaluate the effect of soil compaction in the field. Root and shoot growth were measured after harvesting the plants. Safflower root growth was reduced when soil compaction increased from 1.1 to 1.5 Mg m–3 under controlled (greenhouse) conditions. In field conditions, we observed a decrease in root length, and fresh and dry matter in roots and shoots of safflower as the soil compaction increased to 5P (1.28 Mg m–3). The results of our study suggest safflower root and shoot growth can be impacted by soil compaction which could affect crop yield.
Pretreatment of maize seeds with different magnesium nanoparticles improves the germinating performance and storability
Authors: SEGATTO Cristiane , SOUZA Clovis Arruda , LAJÚS Cristiano Reschke , FIORI Márcio Antônio , SILVA Luciano Luiz , RIELLA Humberto Gracher , COELHO Cileide Maria Medeiros
Published: January 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with simple or coated nanoparticle and concentrations on storage time and the germination parameters in corn seeds. The treatments composed of three magnesium sources, magnesium oxide nanoparticles and nanoparticles in the form of (MgO NPs), magnesium carbon oxide core-shell nanoparticles (MgO@C NPs) and magnesium nitrate [Mg(NO3)2]. Six concentrations 0 (control) 37.5, 75, 150, 300 and 600 mg.L-1 were applied. The treated seeds were submitted to germination tests, after different storage times: 0, 30, 60, 90 and 150 days and then the normal and abnormal seedlings were evaluated. The results indicate that the treatment process with simple or coated nanoparticles with optimal concentration value, between 75 and 150 mg.L-1 of Mg, can approximately increase 6% of normal seedlings in conjunction with the storage time (90-150 days). The exposure of the seeds to magnesium nitrate resulted in less normal plants, possibly due to the saline and toxic effect of this source. The best germination performance of seeds pretreated with simple or coated nanoparticles can be achieved at the concentration of 75 mg.L-1 and for the storage time of 150 days. There might be some negative effect for magnesium nitrate depending on concentration and storage time.