bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Pathways and Breast Cancer Risk in African American Women in the AMBER Consortium
Authors: Hong Chi-Chen , Sucheston-Campbell Lara E. , Liu Song , Hu Qiang , Yao Song , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Haddad Stephen A. , Ruiz-Narváez Edward A. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Bandera Elisa V. , Rosenberg Lynn A. , Haiman Christopher A. , Lee Kelvin , Evans Sharon S. , Abrams Scott I. , Repasky Elizabeth A. , Olshan Andrew F. , Palmer Julie R. , Ambrosone Christine B.
Published: January 2018

Background: Constitutional immunity shaped by exposure to endemic infectious diseases and parasitic worms in Sub-Saharan Africa may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer among African American (AA) women.

Methods: A total of 149,514 gene variants in 433 genes across 45 immune pathways were analyzed in the AMBER consortium among 3,663 breast cancer cases and 4,687 controls. Gene-based pathway analyses were conducted using the adaptive rank truncated product statistic for overall breast cancer risk, and risk by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for single variants.

Results: The top pathways were Interleukin binding (P = 0.01), Biocarta TNFR2 (P = 0.005), and positive regulation of cytokine production (P = 0.024) for overall, ER+, and ER− cancers, respectively. The most significant gene was IL2RB (P = 0.001) for overall cancer, with rs228952 being the top variant identified (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79–0.92). Only BCL3 contained a significant variant for ER+ breast cancer. Variants in IL2RB, TLR6, IL8, PRKDC, and MAP3K1 were associated with ER− disease. The only genes showing heterogeneity between ER− and ER+ cancers were TRAF1, MAP3K1, and MAPK3 (P ≤ 0.02). We also noted genes associated with autoimmune and atopic disorders.

Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that genetic variants in immune pathways are relevant to breast cancer susceptibility among AA women, both for ER+ and ER− breast cancers.

Impact: Results from this study extend our understanding of how inherited genetic variation in immune pathways is relevant to breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 321–30. ©2018 AACR.
Family History and Risk of Second Primary Breast Cancer after In Situ Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Baglia Michelle L. , Tang Mei-Tzu C. , Malone Kathleen E. , Porter Peggy , Li Christopher I.
Published: January 2018

Background: Incidence rates of in situ breast carcinomas have increased due to widespread adoption of mammography. Very little is known about why some women with in situ breast cancer later develop second primary breast cancers.

Methods: In this population-based nested case–control study among in situ breast cancer survivors, including 539 cases with a second primary breast cancer and 994 matched controls, we evaluated the association between first-degree family history of breast cancer and risk of developing a second primary breast cancer.

Results: First-degree family history of breast cancer was associated with an increased risk of developing a second primary breast cancer among women with a previous in situ breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.69] and those with two or more affected first-degree relatives had an even higher risk (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15–3.28). Those whose relative was diagnosed at less than 50 years old were more likely to develop a second primary breast cancer (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.24–2.57). No difference in risks associated with number or age of affected relatives was observed by menopausal status.

Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that first-degree family history of breast cancer may be an important risk factor for development of a second primary breast cancer among women with a previous in situ breast cancer.

Impact: Given the growing population of in situ breast cancer survivors, a better understanding of risk factors associated with development of a second primary breast cancer is needed to further understand risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 315–20. ©2018 AACR.
Family History of Cancer and Risk of Biliary Tract Cancers: Results from the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project
Authors: Van Dyke Alison L. , Langhamer Margaret S. , Zhu Bin , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Albanes Demetrius , Andreotti Gabriella , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Chan Andrew T. , Freedman Neal D. , Gapstur Susan M. , Giles Graham G. , Grodstein Francine , Liao Linda M. , Luo Juhua , Milne Roger L. , Monroe Kristine R. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Poynter Jenny N. , Purdue Mark P. , Robien Kim , Schairer Catherine , Sinha Rashmi , Weinstein Stephanie , Zhang Xuehong , Petrick Jessica L. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Campbell Peter T. , Koshiol Jill
Published: January 2018

Background: Although some familial cancer syndromes include biliary tract cancers (BTCs; cancers of the gallbladder, intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and ampulla of Vater), the few studies that have examined the relationships between family history of cancer (FHC) and BTCs have reported inconclusive findings. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of FHC with risk of BTC in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project (BiTCaPP).

Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regressions models to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals for associations between FHC (any, first-degree, in female relative, in male relative, relative with gastrointestinal cancer, and relative with hormonally related cancer) and BTC risk by anatomic site within the biliary tract, adjusting for sex and race/ethnicity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted that restricted to studies reporting cholecystectomy data and to people without a history of cholecystectomy.

Results: Data on FHC were available from 12 prospective studies within BiTCaPP, which collectively contributed 2,246 cases (729 gallbladder, 345 intrahepatic and 615 extrahepatic bile duct, and 385 ampulla of Vater cancers) with 21,706,107 person-years of follow-up. A marginal, inverse association between FHC and gallbladder cancer was driven to the null when analysis was restricted to studies reporting cholecystectomy data and to people without a history of cholecystectomy. FHC was not associated with risk of BTC at the other anatomic sites.

Conclusions: These findings do not support an association between FHC and BTCs.

Impact: In a study of 1.5 million people, FHC is not a risk factor for BTCs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 348–51. ©2018 AACR.
IDH1/2 Mutations Sensitize Acute Myeloid Leukemia to PARP Inhibition and This Is Reversed by IDH1/2-Mutant Inhibitors
Authors: Molenaar Remco J. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Nagata Yasunobu , Khurshed Mohammed , Przychodzen Bartolomiej , Makishima Hideki , Xu Mingjiang , Bleeker Fonnet E. , Wilmink Johanna W. , Carraway Hetty E. , Mukherjee Sudipto , Sekeres Mikkael A. , van Noorden Cornelis J.F. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Somatic mutations in IDH1/2 occur in approximately 20% of patients with myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). IDH1/2MUT enzymes produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which associates with increased DNA damage and improved responses to chemo/radiotherapy and PARP inhibitors in solid tumor cells. Whether this also holds true for IDH1/2MUT AML is not known.

Experimental Design: Well-characterized primary IDH1MUT, IDH2MUT, and IDH1/2WT AML cells were analyzed for DNA damage and responses to daunorubicin, ionizing radiation, and PARP inhibitors.

Results: IDH1/2MUT caused increased DNA damage and sensitization to daunorubicin, irradiation, and the PARP inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib in AML cells. IDH1/2MUT inhibitors protected against these treatments. Combined treatment with a PARP inhibitor and daunorubicin had an additive effect on the killing of IDH1/2MUT AML cells. We provide evidence that the therapy sensitivity of IDH1/2MUT cells was caused by D2HG-mediated downregulation of expression of the DNA damage response gene ATM and not by altered redox responses due to metabolic alterations in IDH1/2MUT cells.

Conclusions: IDH1/2MUT AML cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors as monotherapy but especially when combined with a DNA-damaging agent, such as daunorubicin, whereas concomitant administration of IDH1/2MUT inhibitors during cytotoxic therapy decrease the efficacy of both agents in IDH1/2MUT AML. These results advocate in favor of clinical trials of PARP inhibitors either or not in combination with daunorubicin in IDH1/2MUT AML. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1705–15. ©2018 AACR.
Significance of Salvage Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: A Nationwide Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Muta Tsuyoshi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Kamimura Tomohiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Nohgawa Masaharu , Ueda Yasunori , Iwato Koji , Sasaki Osamu , Mori Takehiko , Uchida Naoyuki , Iida Shinsuke , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Sunami Kazutaka
Published: January 2018

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been employed for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) after up-front ASCT. The present retrospective study aimed to examine the survival benefit from salvage ASCT. Among 446 patients with relapsed MM after up-front single ASCT, 70 patients received salvage ASCT, the employment of which reduced the risk of mortality after relapse (p = 0.041). Using the parameters before initial ASCT, the advantage of salvage ASCT compared to standard therapy was confirmed in the subgroup with an international staging system stage of I or II (p = 0.040), good performance status (PS; p = 0.043), or no/mild renal comorbidity (p = 0.029). The advantage of salvage ASCT was also confirmed in the subgroup excluding those with early relapse within 7 months after initial ASCT (p = 0.026). Among patients who received salvage ASCT, a favorable prognosis is apparent for those with a time to relapse after initial ASCT of longer than 24 months. The overall survival after salvage ASCT was favorable excluding patients with the following factors: early relapse, poor PS, moderate/severe renal comorbidity, and progressive disease (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results reinforced the evidence for encouraging salvage ASCT for eligible patients.
Improving Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent Hyporesponsiveness in Hemodialysis Patients: The Role of Hepcidin and Hemodiafiltration Online
Authors: Rosati Alberto , Ravaglia Fiammetta , Panichi Vincenzo
Published: January 2018

Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESAs) is a condition associated with increased mortality. Even after identifying the condition, the causes are difficult to treat and only partially reversible in end-stage renal disease patients. Thus, the role of more recent hemodialysis (HD) techniques in improving such conditions is an emerging issue. However, major randomized clinical trials have not confirmed the results of smaller observational studies in which online hemodiafiltration has shown some efficacy in improving patients’ response to ESAs. In our interpretation, these findings are not in contrast, but they can be explained by a better understanding of the interactions between HD and ESAs on iron mobilization, first of all through the role of hepcidin. The kinetics of hepcidin removal through HD combined with the action of selected ESAs may help the clinician in prescribing the best association between HD treatment and ESAs to overcome hyporesponsiveness.
MRI-Guided Interstitial Laser Ablation for Intracranial Lesions: A Large Single-Institution Experience of 133 Cases
Authors: Kamath Ashwin A. , Friedman Daniel D. , Hacker Carl D. , Smyth Matthew D. , Limbrick Jr. David D. , Kim Albert H. , Hawasli Ammar H. , Leuthardt Eric C.
Published: January 2018

Background: Managing difficult-to-access lesions or surgically accessible lesions in fragile patients is a central problem in neurosurgery. MRI-guided interstitial laser ablation (ILA) is a minimally invasive option that may provide a safe means of treating these challenging patients. Objective: We aim to (1) evaluate safety, efficacy, and preliminary outcomes within a diverse and large series of ILA treatments; and (2) report technical details and operative trends that proved useful over time in the authors' experience and that may be of use to neurosurgeons who perform ILA. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of ILA patients was performed in terms of demographics, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 133 intracranial lesions in 120 patients were treated with ILA, including glioblastomas (GBM), other gliomas, metastases, epilepsy foci, and radionecrosis. The rate of complications/unexpected readmission was 6.0%, and the mortality rate was 2.2%. With high-grade tumors, tumor volumes >3 cm in diameter trended toward a higher rate of complication (p = 0.056). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for recurrent GBM were 7.4 and 11.6 months, respectively. As a frontline treatment for newly diagnosed GBM, median PFS and OS were 5.9 and 11.4 months, respectively. For metastases, median PFS was not yet reached, and OS was 17.2 months. Conclusion: Our series suggests that ILA is a safe and efficacious treatment for a variety of intracranial pathologies, can be tailored to treat difficult-to-access lesions, and may offer a novel alternative to open craniotomy in properly selected patients.
Trends in Portuguese Adolescents’ Sexual Behavior from 2002 to 2014: HBSC Portuguese Study
Authors: Reis Marta , Ramiro Lúcia , Camacho Inês , Tomé Gina , Gaspar de Matos Margarida
Published: January 2018

This study examined trends in adolescent sexual behaviors from 2002 to 2014 in Portugal. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from 8th and 10th graders in classrooms during 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. Overall, the prevalence of sexual intercourse, age of sexual initiation, pill use, and sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs decreased in Portugal between 2002 and 2014, while condom use increased. Boys and 10th graders more frequently reported having ever had sexual intercourse, boys and 8th graders more frequently reported having had sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs, girls and 10th graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual intercourse at 14 years or older (except in 2014, where boys and girls reported more frequently having initiated at 12–13 years), and girls and 10th graders reported more frequently having used condoms and the pill (except in 2014) at the last sexual intercourse. Eighth graders more frequently reported having had their first sexual experience at 12–13 years (except in 2006).
Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound-Fusion Biopsy in Patients with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance Undergoing Surveillance Biopsy
Authors: Borkowetz Angelika , Renner Theresa , Platzek Ivan , Toma Marieta , Herout Roman , Baunacke Martin , Groeben Christer , Huber Johannes , Laniado Michael , Baretton Gustavo B. , Froehner Michael , Zastrow Stefan , Wirth Manfred P.
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Targeted biopsy of tumour-suspicious lesions detected in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) plays an increasing role in the active surveillance (AS) of patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to compare MRI/ultrasound-fusion biopsy (fusPbx) with systematic biopsy (sysPbx) in patients undergoing biopsy for AS. Methods: Patients undergoing mpMRI and transperineal fusPbx combined with transrectal sysPbx (comPbx) as surveillance biopsy were investigated. The detection of Gleason score upgrading and reclassification according to Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance criteria were evaluated. Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled. PCa upgrading was detected in 39% by fusPbx and in 37% by sysPbx (p = 1.0). The percentage of patients who were reclassified in fusPbx and sysPbx (p = 0.45) were 64 and 59% respectively. ComPbx detected more frequently tumour upgrading than fusPbx (71 vs. 64%, p = 0.016) and sysPbx (71 vs. 59%, p < 0.001) and more patients had to be reclassified after comPbx than after fusPbx or sysPbx alone. Conclusions: The combination of fusPbx and sysPbx outperforms both modalities alone with regard to the detection of upgrading and reclassification in patients under AS. Because a high missing rate of significant PCa still exists in both biopsy modalities, a combination of fusPbx and sysPbx should be recommended in these patients.
Albumin-Indocyanine Green Evaluation Grading System Predicts Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure for Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Yoshihiro , Kokudo Takashi , Amikura Katsumi , Takahashi Amane , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Sakamoto Hirohiko
Published: January 2018

Background: In biliary tract cancer treatment, a precise preoperative evaluation of the patient’s liver function is essential to avoid post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) and mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the Albumin-Indocyanine Green Evaluation (ALICE) grading system in predicting PHLF in biliary tract cancer patients. Methods: Data from 166 patients who underwent hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer between 2000 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for PHLF. Results: Among the 166 patients, major hepatectomy was performed in 101 (61%) and bile duct resection was performed in 99 (60%) patients. Thirteen (8%) patients developed PHLF. Furthermore, PHLF, major complications, and mortality were significantly higher in patients with high ALICE grades (≥2b) than in those with low ALICE grades (<2b) (PHLF, 42 vs. 18%, p = 0.002; major complications, 35 vs. 19%, p = 0.036; mortality, 9.3 vs. 0%, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high ALICE grade (p = 0.016) and blood loss ≥1,500 mL (p = 0.009) were identified as independent risk factors for PHLF. Conclusions: The ALICE grading system effectively stratified the risks for PHLF for biliary tract cancer.
Cenesthopathy and Subjective Cognitive Complaints: An Exploratory Study in Schizophrenia
Authors: Jimeno Natalia , Vargas Martin L.
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: Cenesthopathy is mainly associated with schizophrenia; however, its neurobiological basis is nowadays unclear. The general objective was to explore clinical correlates of cenesthopathy and subjective cognitive complaints in schizophrenia. Methods: Participants (n = 30) meeting DSM-IV criteria for psychotic disorder were recruited from a psychiatry unit and assessed with: Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP) system, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ), and the Bonn Scale for the Assessment of Basic Symptoms (BSABS). For quantitative variables, means and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated. Linear regression following backward method and principal component analysis with varimax rotation were used. Results: 83.3% of subjects (73.3% male, mean age, 31.5 years) presented any type of cenesthopathy; all types of cenesthetic basic symptoms were found. Cenesthetic basic symptoms significantly correlated with the AMDP category “fear and anancasm,” FCQ total score, and BSABS cognitive thought disturbances. In the regression analysis only 1 predictor, cognitive thought disturbances, entered the model. In the principal component analysis, a main component which accounted for 22.69% of the variance was found. Conclusions: Cenesthopathy, as assessed with the Bonn Scale (BSABS), is mainly associated with cog­nitive abnormalities including disturbances of thought initiative and mental intentionality, of receptive speech, and subjective retardation or pressure of thoughts.
Survey Results of the Expert Meeting on Laparoscopic Surgery for Gallbladder Cancer and a Review of Relevant Literature
Authors: Yoon Yoo-Seok , Han Ho-Seong , Agarwal Anil , Belli Giulio , Itano Osamu , Gumbs Andrew A. , Yoon Dong Sup , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Seung Eun , Wakai Toshifumi , Troisi Roberto I.
Published: January 2018

Background: Favorable outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer (GBC) have been reported; yet consensus on the indications and surgical techniques for laparoscopic surgery for GBC is lacking. Objective: To evaluate the current status of laparoscopic surgery for GBC by analyzing the results of a survey of experts and by reviewing the relevant published literature. Methods: Before an expert meeting was held on September 10, 2016 in Seoul, Korea, an international survey was undertaken of expert surgeons in the field of GBC surgery. Results: The majority of surgeons who responded agreed that laparoscopic surgery has an acceptable role for suspicious or early GBC, and that laparoscopic extended cholecystectomy has a value comparable to that of open surgery in selected patients with GBC. However, the selection criteria for laparoscopic surgery for overt GBC and the details of the surgical techniques varied among surgeons. Conclusions: This survey and literature review revealed that laparoscopic surgery for GBC is performed in highly selected cases. However, the favorable outcomes in the published reports and the positive view of experienced surgeons for this operative procedure suggest a high likelihood that laparoscopic surgery will be more frequently performed for GBC in the future.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Drugs on Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease: a Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Bao-Dong , Cui Jing-Jun , Song Jia , Qi Ce , Ma Pei-Feng , Wang Ya-Rong , Bai Jing
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: A network meta-analysis is used to compare the efficacy of ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, apomorphine, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil and levodopa, with placebo as a control, for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from their establishment dates up to January 2017 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of the above ten drugs on the non-motor symptoms of PD. A network meta-analysis combined the evidence from direct comparisons and indirect comparisons and evaluated the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) values and surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA). The network meta-analysis included 21 RCTs. Results: The analysis results indicated that, using the United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III, the efficacies of placebo, ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, pramipexole, sumanirole and levodopa in treating PD were lower than that of apomorphine (WMD = -10.90, 95% CI = -16.12∼-5.48; WMD = -11.85, 95% CI = -17.31∼-6.16; WMD = -11.15, 95% CI = -16.64∼-5.04; WMD = -11.70, 95% CI = -16.98∼-5.60; WMD = -11.04, 95% CI = -16.97∼-5.34; WMD = -13.27, 95% CI = -19.22∼-7.40; WMD = -10.25, 95% CI = -15.66∼-4.32; and WMD = -11.60, 95% CI = -17.89∼-5.57, respectively). Treatment with ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil or levodopa, with placebo as a control, on PD exhibited no significant differences on PD symptoms when the UPDRS II was used for evaluation. Moreover, using the UPDRS III, the SUCRA values indicated that a pomorphine had the best efficacy on the non-motor symptoms of PD (99.0%). Using the UPDRS II, the SUCRA values for ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil and levodopa treatments, with placebo as a control, indicated that bromocriptine showed the best efficacy on the non-motor symptoms of PD (75.6%). Conclusion: Among ropinirole, rasagiline, rotigotine, entacapone, apomorphine, pramipexole, sumanirole, bromocriptine, piribedil and levodopa, with placebo as a control, apomorphine may be the most efficacious drug for therapy in treating the non-motor symptoms of PD.
Unravelling Pathophysiology of Crystalline Nephropathy in Ceftriaxone-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Cellular Proteomic Approach
Authors: Chatchen Supawat , Pongsakul Nutkridta , Srisomsap Chantragan , Chiangjong Wararat , Hongeng Suradej , Svasti Jisnuson , Chutipongtanate Somchai
Published: January 2018

Background: Previous studies showed that ceftriaxone can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in the pediatric population. This study proposed a cellular model of crystalline nephropathy in ceftriaxone-associated AKI and explored the related pathophysiology by using a proteomic approach. Methods: Ceftriaxone was crystallized with calcium in artificial urine. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, a model of distal renal tubular cell, were cultured in the absence (untreated control) or presence of ceftriaxone crystals for 48-h (n = 5 each). MDCK cells were harvested and subsequently analyzed by proteomic analysis. Protein bioinformatics (i.e., STRING and Reactome) was used to predict functional alterations, and subsequently validated by Western blotting and cellular studies. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Phase-contrast microscopy showed increased intracellular vesiculation and cell enlargement as a result of ceftriaxone crystal exposure. Proteome analysis revealed a total of 20 altered proteins (14 increased, 5 decreased and 1 absent) in ceftriaxone crystal-treated MDCK cells as compared to untreated cells (p < 0.05). Protein bioinformatics and validation studies supported heat stress response mediated by heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and downregulation of annexin A1 as the proposed pathophysiology of crystalline nephropathy in ceftriaxone-associated AKI, in which impaired proliferation and wound healing of crystal-induced distal tubular cells were outcomes. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, used the in vitro model of crystalline nephropathy to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of ceftriaxone-associated AKI, which should be investigated in vivo for potential clinical benefits in the future.
Ventricular Arrhythmic Storm after Initiating Sacubitril/Valsartan
Authors: Vicent Lourdes , Juárez Miriam , Martín Irene , García Jorge , González-Saldívar Hugo , Bruña Vanesa , Devesa Carolina , Sousa-Casasnovas Iago , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Martínez-Sellés Manuel
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Sacubitril/valsartan was approved recently for the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. We present 6 cases of ventricular arrhythmia, that occurred shortly after sacubitril/valsartan initiation, that required drug withdrawal. Other potential triggering factors of electrical storm were ruled out and, from the arrhythmic perspective, all of the patients were stable in the previous year. Our aim is to describe the possible association of sacubitril/valsartan with arrhythmic storm. Methods: This was an observational monocentric study performed in the first 7 months of sacubitril/valsartan commercialization in Spain (October 2016). All patients were included in the SUMA (Sacubitril/Varsartan Usado Ambulatoriamente en Madrid [Sacubitril/Valsartan Used in Outpatients in Madrid]) registry. Patients were consecutively enrolled on the day they started the drug. Ventricular arrhythmic storm was defined as ≥2 episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmia or defibrillator therapy application in 24 h. Results: From 108 patients who received the drug, 6 presented with ventricular arrhythmic storm (5.6%). Baseline characteristics were similar in the patients with and without ventricular arrhythmic storm. The total number of days that sacubitril/valsartan was administered to each patient was 5, 6, 44 (8 since titration), 84, 93, and 136 (105 since titration), respectively. Conclusions: Our data are not enough to infer a cause-and-effect relationship. Further investigations regarding a potential proarrhythmic effect of sacubitril/valsartan are probably needed.
Teatro Hillbrow: perspectivas históricas e políticas de um teatro atuando na localidade afro-migrante de Johannesburgo - África do Sul
Authors: Cunha Adriana Miranda da
Published: January 2018

Este texto tece diretrizes de um estudo de caso sobre as práticas teatrais de um teatro inserido no contexto pós-apartheid da África do Sul, de contorno político-social. Este teatro é feito pelo grupo estabelecido no Teatro Hillbrow, na cidade de Johannesburgo. No contexto em que o grupo se insere, configuram-se cosmologias existenciais de saberes múltiplos devido ao legado de separatismo étnico e à intensa mobilidade histórica de africanos no local. Os moradores do bairro, em sua maioria constituída de imigrantes, buscam sentidos de cidadania possíveis entre arranjos e acordos sociais baseados na precariedade e na transitoriedade. Este teatro abriga hoje a Outreach Foundation, uma organização não governamental (ONG) que desenvolve programas de desenvolvimento teatral que se relacionam com complexidades sociais tamanhas, que operam como uma plataforma de fruição em arte, educação e transformação para os jovens participantes.
O perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde dos retornados mineiros para a região de Governador Valadares
Authors: Siqueira C. Eduardo , Siqueira Sueli
Published: January 2018

This study aimed to add to our prior research with Brazilian immigrant workers in Massachusetts and the region surrounding Governador Valadares by providing a sociodemographic and health profile of returnees to the area. Interviews conducted between March 2014 and May 2015 with 141 returnees showed that most Brazilian immigrants worked in Massachusetts in precarious, low skill, physically demanding jobs in the service sector and construction. After returning, their work and employment conditions continued to be precarious and their work-related problems were similar to their experience in Massachusetts.
Longitudinal Effect of Stroke on Cognition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tang Eugene YH , Amiesimaka Obreniokibo , Harrison Stephanie L , Green Emma , Price Christopher , Robinson Louise , Siervo Mario , Stephan Blossom CM
Published: January 2018

Background

Stroke is associated with an increased risk of dementia; however, the impact of stroke on cognition has been found to be variable, such that stroke survivors can show decline, remain stable, or revert to baseline cognitive functioning. Knowing the natural history of cognitive impairment after stroke is important for intervention. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive function in stroke survivors.

Methods and Results

Three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched using OvidSP from inception to July 15, 2016. Longitudinal studies with ≥2 time points of cognitive assessment after stroke were included. In total, 5952 articles were retrieved and 14 were included. There was a trend toward significant deterioration in cognitive test scores in stroke survivors (8 studies). Cognitive stability (3 studies) and improvement (3 studies) were also demonstrated, although follow‐up time tended to be shorter in these studies. Variables associated with impairment included age, ethnicity, premorbid cognitive performance, depression, stroke location, and history of previous stroke. Associations with
APOE*E4
(apolipoprotein E with the E4 allele) allele status and sex were mixed.

Conclusions

Stroke is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, but cognitive decline is not a consequence. Factors associated with decline, such as sociodemographic status, health‐related comorbidity, stroke history, and clinical features could be used in models to predict future risk of dementia after stroke. A risk model approach could identify patients at greatest risk for timely intervention to reduce the frequency or delay the onset of poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia.
Cerebrovascular Outcomes With Proton Pump Inhibitors and Thienopyridines
Authors: Malhotra Konark , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Bilal Mohammad , Ishfaq Muhammad Fawad , Goyal Nitin , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—

Pharmacokinetic and prior studies on thienopyridine and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) coadministration provide conflicting data for cardiovascular outcomes, whereas there is no established evidence on the association of concomitant use of PPI and thienopyridines with adverse cerebrovascular outcomes.

Methods—

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies from inception to July 2017, reporting following outcomes among patients treated with thienopyridine and PPI versus thienopyridine alone (1) ischemic stroke, (2) combined ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, (3) composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular death, (4) MI, (5) all-cause mortality, and (6) major or minor bleeding events. After the unadjusted analyses of risk ratios, we performed additional analyses of studies reporting hazard ratios adjusted for potential confounders.

Results—

We identified 22 studies (12 randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies) comprising 131 714 patients. Concomitant use of PPI with thienopyridines was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (risk ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–2.16;
P
<0.001), composite stroke/MI/cardiovascular death (risk ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01–1.29;
P
=0.04), and MI (risk ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00–1.40;
P
=0.05). Likewise, in adjusted analyses concomitant use of PPI with thienopyridines was again associated with increased risk of stroke (hazard ratios adjusted, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04–1.61;
P
=0.02), composite stroke/MI/cardiovascular death (hazard ratios adjusted, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03–1.47;
P
=0.02), but not with MI (hazard ratios adjusted, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.93–1.52;
P
=0.16).

Conclusions—

Co-prescription of PPI and thienopyridines increases the risk of incident ischemic strokes and composite stroke/MI/cardiovascular death. Our findings corroborate the current guidelines for PPI deprescription and pharmacovigilance, especially in patients treated with thienopyridines.
Spatially Resolved Spectral Powder Analysis: Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Scheibelhofer Otto , Wahl Patrick R. , Larchevêque Boris , Chauchard Fabien , Khinast Johannes G.
Published: January 2018

Understanding the behavior of light in granular media is necessary for determining the sample size, shape, and weight when probing using fiber optic setups. This is required for a correct estimate of the active pharmaceutical ingredient content in a pharmaceutical blend via near-infrared spectroscopy. Several strategies to describe the behavior of light in granular and turbid media exist. A common approach is the Monte-Carlo simulation of individual photons and their description using mean free path lengths for scattering and absorption. In this work, we chose a complementary method by approximating these parameters via real physical counterparts, i.e., the particle size, shape, and density and the resulting chord lengths. Additionally, the wavelength dependence of refractive indices is incorporated. The obtained results were compared with those obtained in an experimental setup that included the SAM-Spec Felin probe head by Indatech for detecting spatially resolved spectra of samples. Our method facilitates the interpretation of the acquired experimental results by contrasting the optical response, the physical particle attributes, and the simulation results.
Patient and family psychoeducation: Service development and implementation in a center in Iran
Authors: Mirsepassi Zahra , Tabatabaee Maryam , Sharifi Vandad , Mottaghipour Yasaman
Published: January 2018

Background:

Family and patient psychoeducation have demonstrated significant improvement in clinical and social outcomes for patients suffering from severe mental disorders and their families. However, these evidence-based practices are not widely implemented at service delivery level and into routine clinical practice, especially in less developed countries.

Aim:

The aim of this article is to report the processes of development and implementation of a psychoeducational service for patients with severe mental illnesses and their families in Iran.

Method:

The program was developed at Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran, Iran. A group of clinicians worked on the development phase of the program and drafting the manuals. Then, a series of workshops and supervision sessions were held to train group leaders for implementation of the group psychoeducation for patients and families. In the pilot phase, the services were delivered to two groups of patients and families, and then the manual was revised based on the feedback from group leaders and participants.

Results:

The program consisted of eight 90-minute weekly patient group sessions and 6 weekly multiple family group sessions. Two manuals for patient education (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) were developed. Several information sheets were developed and distributed during different sessions of family and patient psychoeducation related to the content of each session. Despite providing the hospital clinicians with the information regarding these new services, less than 10% of the admitted patients were referred by their clinicians.

Conclusion:

Feasibility and sustainability of the program are affected by a number of factors. Low referral rate of clinicians, limited resources of the hospital, issues related to stigma and logistic issues are barriers in implementation of these services. Administrators’ and clinicians’ understanding of the importance of patient and family psychoeducation seems to be crucial in sustainability of such programs in routine service delivery.
How Robberies Succeed or Fail
Authors: Nassauer Anne
Published: January 2018

Objective:

This article analyzes how convenience store robberies work and why some take an unexpected turn and fail. It examines the situational dynamics of crime by studying behavioral and emotional dynamics between clerks and perpetrators during robberies comparatively. The focus is on perpetrators’ displays of threats and clerks’ seemingly irrational acts of noncompliance and resistance.

Method:

The sample is comprised of 20 successful and failed robberies in the United States between 2010 and 2016. By qualitatively analyzing closed-circuit television (CCTV) recordings, the study assesses what happens during such crimes. Analyzing footage uploaded to online video platforms such as YouTube, the study uses growing databases so far unexplored by sociological and criminological research. Findings suggest that successful store robberies follow specific situational rituals in which actors display adequate behaviors and emotions. Rituals are broken if perpetrators or victims act out of character and display, even unintentionally, unexpected behaviors or emotions.

Conclusion:

This exploratory study suggests that microlevel factors play a crucial role in what manifests as a robbery versus attempted robbery. Further, it highlights challenges and advantages of analyzing CCTV recordings uploaded online when studying crime caught on camera.
Lessons Learned from Crime Caught on Camera
Authors: Lindegaard Marie Rosenkrantz , Bernasco Wim
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

The widespread use of camera surveillance in public places offers criminologists the opportunity to systematically and unobtrusively observe crime, their main subject matter. The purpose of this essay is to inform the reader of current developments in research on crimes caught on camera.

Methods:

We address the importance of direct observation of behavior and review criminological studies that used observational methods, with and without cameras, including the ones published in this issue. We also discuss the uses of camera recordings in other social sciences and in biology.

Results:

We formulate six key insights that emerge from the literature and make recommendations for future research.

Conclusions:

Camera recordings of real-life crime are likely to become part of the criminological tool kit that will help us better understand the situational and interactional elements of crime. Like any source, it has limitations that are best addressed by triangulation with other sources.
Artificial skin for sweating guarded hotplates and manikins based on weft knitted fabrics
Authors: Mark Annette , Psikuta Agnes , Bauer Boris , Rossi René Michel , Gresser Götz Theodor
Published: January 2018

Measurement devices such as sweating manikins, cylinders or hotplates are used for testing thermal and moisture transfer properties of clothing or textiles. A critical feature of these measurement devices is the design of the outer covering fabric that tightly enfolds the device like a skin. The artificial skin principally has to match individual requirements because the different sweating devices have different sweating systems and surface compositions. In this study knitted fabrics with different fiber and yarn types are proposed to be used as an artificial skin. Thermal and moisture properties of the fabrics were measured to obtain skin-like characteristics and a mathematical model for the quantification of thermal and moisture-management properties based on geometrical characteristics was developed. The results show that the thermal and moisture-management properties of the fabrics do not only depend on the fiber properties but also relevantly on their geometrical properties such as thickness, diameter and number of stitch pores. For example, thermal resistance is significantly affected by the stitch pore diameter, and evaporative resistance by the fabric thickness. Furthermore, water content and drying speed are determined by the capillary structure, and therefore, are more influenced by yarn and fabric structure parameters, whereas contact angle and wettability are more influenced by the fiber type. In conclusion, the tested fabrics satisfy all the requirements to match the anatomical properties of the human skin; however, two fabric types, PES_19f30_SET and PES_28f48_GL, exhibited superior characteristics suitable for application as artificial skin on measurement devices.
Mutual Information Reliability for Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Chen Yunxiao , Liu Yang , Xu Shuangshuang
Published: January 2018

Latent class models are powerful tools in psychological and educational measurement. These models classify individuals into subgroups based on a set of manifest variables, assisting decision making in a diagnostic system. In this article, based on information theory, the authors propose a mutual information reliability (MIR) coefficient that summaries the measurement quality of latent class models, where the latent variables being measured are categorical. The proposed coefficient is analogous to a version of reliability coefficient for item response theory models and meets the general concept of measurement reliability in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. The proposed coefficient can also be viewed as an extension of the McFadden’s pseudo R-square coefficient, which evaluates the goodness-of-fit of logistic regression model, to latent class models. Thanks to several information-theoretic inequalities, the MIR coefficient is unitless, lies between 0 and 1, and receives good interpretation from a measurement point of view. The coefficient can be applied to both fixed and computerized adaptive testing designs. The performance of the MIR coefficient is demonstrated by simulated examples.
Design Thinking and Organizational Culture: A Review and Framework for Future Research
Authors: Elsbach Kimberly D. , Stigliani Ileana
Published: January 2018

Design thinking comprises an approach to problem solving that uses tools traditionally utilized by designers of commercial products, processes, and environments (e.g., designing a new car or the layout of a new airport). While design thinking was originally introduced as an approach that would work best when infused into the culture of an organization, most early studies of design thinking focused on identifying the specific tools and methods that might be used to solve management problems. Only recently have researchers examined how the implementation of design thinking might relate to organizational-level constructs, such as organizational culture. In this review, we examine empirical research (mostly from the past decade) that relates the practice of design thinking to the development of culture in organizations. Through this review, we identify how the use of specific design thinking tools supports the development of specific organizational cultures and vice versa. In addition, we identify how using design thinking tools produces emotional experiences and physical artifacts that help users to understand why and how specific cultures support the effective use of specific tools. Together, our review findings suggest that the experiential nature of design thinking tools and cultures (i.e., that they require people to actively engage in hands-on work) allows them to support one another. On the basis of this insight, we develop a general framework for organizing design thinking research and identify a number of avenues for future research that might advance our understanding of design thinking in organizational contexts.
Filling State and Federal Gaps with Local Solutions
Authors: Becker Ralph
Published: January 2018

Cities are in a unique position to influence national policy. Over 80 percent of people live in cities, and over 90 percent of the U.S. economy comes from cities. Unfortunately, the federal and many state governments are dysfunctional, paralyzed by partisanship. As a result, cities are emerging as the primary places of policy innovation. This article examines policy-making in one city by Ralph Becker, Salt Lake City mayor from 2008 through 2015. This article examines three policy areas—ending discrimination against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community, sustainability, and urban revitalization. Mayor Becker explains the challenges and rewards of local government policy-making. He provides recommendations for other mayors who want to make significant policy changes in their cities.
Student Perceptions of Collaboration Skills in an Interprofessional Context: Development and Initial Validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills Instrument
Authors: Hinyard Leslie , Toomey Eileen , Eliot Kathrin , Breitbach Anthony
Published: January 2018

An integral component of interprofessional education (IPE) is the development of a collaboration-ready health-care workforce. While collaboration is a fundamental element of IPE, there is no existing measure of collaboration skills that is not context specific. This article describes the development and initial validation of the Self-Assessed Collaboration Skills (SACS) measure. Items were initially drawn from the Collaboration Skills Assessment Tool rubric, an educational assessment tool. The SACS measure was piloted in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Following scale revision, the SACS was piloted a second time in a sample of students in an IPE health systems course and then validated in a sample of students in an introductory IPE course. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess scale factor structure in Pilots 1 and 2 and confirmatory factor analysis to confirm factor structure in the validation sample. Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. The final SACS measure is an 11-item scale consisting of three dimensions of collaboration: information sharing, learning, and team support. The SACS measure demonstrates high internal consistency and both convergent and discriminant validity as a measure of collaboration. The SACS can be implemented in any setting for assessing collaboration in clinical and nonclinical contexts.