bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Better Understanding Wearable Activity Monitor Use and Non-Use Among Older Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zytnick Deena , Folta Sara C. , Reid Kieran F. , Chomitz Virginia R.
Published: October 2022

We used qualitative methods to better understand wearable activity monitor (WAM) use and its relationship with physical activity (PA) among older adults. Four focus groups, stratified by current/past (“ever”) WAM users and “never” WAM users, were conducted with 57 participants aged ≥60 years. Data were coded with deductive and inductive approaches. Among ever WAM users, those with low pre-WAM PA levels reported higher PA related to WAM use while those with high pre-WAM PA levels reported they used WAM for tracking and monitoring their activity. Ever WAM users were motivated to increase PA through rewards and social support. Many never WAM users reported that WAM was unnecessary. WAM may be helpful for some older adults to increase their PA, particularly those who are motivated by setting and achieving PA goals. The results could help develop strategies to overcome barriers to WAM adoption and promote WAM use among older adults.
Cause Beneficial or Cause Exploitative? Using Joint Motives to Increase Credibility of Sustainability Efforts
Authors: Wallach Karen Anne , Popovich Deidre
Published: October 2022

Consumer perceptions of brand motives related to corporate environmental responsibility affect the decisions of both corporations and consumers. Yet prior literature has typically viewed these firm motives as dichotomous, either solely intrinsic or solely extrinsic. The authors argue for a novel approach to positioning sustainability motives, where the brand communicates both intrinsic and extrinsic benefits together, as a joint motive. With a joint motive, a brand can highlight how an effort can benefit both planet and business with a “doing well by doing good” approach. Across five experiments, including a field study on Facebook, this research investigates the positive impact of the joint motive and its ability to enhance the credibility of sustainable initiatives via heightened perceptions of trustworthiness and expertise. Results provide converging evidence for the benefits of presenting a joint motive for sustainability efforts with implications for policy and practice.
Profiles of Men’s Rape Myth Beliefs and the Association With Rape Proclivity
Authors: O’Connor Julia
Published: October 2022

The two constructs of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and rape proclivity are associated with sexual violence (SV) perpetration. Further understanding these constructs can help improve prevention efforts aimed at reducing SV perpetration. Latent profile analysis was conducted to examine typologies of RMA among 474 incoming college men and found that male college students can be categorized into four profiles. Some groups endorsed lower or mid-levels of rape myths (RMs) and others endorsed higher levels of some or all RMs, indicating the heterogeneity of RM beliefs. And within each subgroup of college men’s RMA, intention to join an all-male sports team and/or a fraternity (two risk factors) and bystander attitudes (a protective factor) were examined as covariates in the model. Bystander attitudes appear to act as a protective factor as they are higher among profiles of men with lower RMA. Furthermore, this study examined the four subgroups (latent profiles) of college men based on their RMA to examine whether membership within each subgroup/profile is differentially associated with rape proclivity. The findings indicate that subgroups of men with high levels of RMA have higher mean rape proclivity scores compared to the subgroup of men with the lowest level of RMA. Implications for prevention programming tailored for high-risk groups of men, based on their RMA beliefs, as well as possible future research within this area are discussed.
Research-Practice Partnerships in Pursuit of Racial Justice in Schools: Navigating a Hostile Sociopolitical Climate
Authors: Villavicencio Adriana , Conlin Dana , Pagan Olga
Published: October 2022

Grounded in a partnership among researchers, a racial justice organization, and K-12 schools, this study uncovers the challenges of pursuing racial justice work in a polarized sociopolitical climate. Specifically, we illustrate these tensions across three dimensions of our work: (a) establishing critical commitments with K-12 partners; (b) building organizational capacity for critical racial analysis; and (c) confronting internal and external resistance. Throughout, we highlight approaches for leveraging the positionality and expertise of our partners to create the conditions for promoting and sustaining racial justice work in schools.
Barrier Lyapunov function based fixed-time control for automatic carrier landing with disturbances
Authors: Zhou Dapeng , Zheng Zewei , Guan Zhiyuan , Ma Yunpeng , Ma Lin
Published: October 2022

This paper studies the automatic carrier landing controller design problem with output constraint and fixed-time convergence requirements. The proposed flight controller is separated into guidance, attitude control, and approach power compensation system. In each submodule, universal barrier Lyapunov function and fixed-time control scheme are applied in the controller design. In addition, adaptive estimation method is incorporated to improve the robustness to the external disturbances. The proposed controller ensures the position tracking error, attitude tracking error, and angle of attack tracking error not violate the predesigned boundaries, while the tracking errors will converge to a small set around zero in fixed-time. The output constraint and fixed-time convergence properties of the proposed controller improve the landing security to a narrow flight deck in a limited operation time. The simulation results verify the proposed controller in automatic carrier landing mission.
Hub aspiration strategies and flow loss analysis of a shock-in type supersonic compressor rotor with negative inlet pre-whirl
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Zhao Qingjun , Xu Qiangren , Wang Yimeng , Zhao Wei , Xiang Xiaorong
Published: October 2022

Large-scale corner separation is one of the key factors that limit the performance improvement of high-load compressors. In this paper, the hub aspiration method was applied to a supersonic shock-in type compressor rotor with negative inlet pre-whirl to suppress the hub corner separation. Six suction schemes composed of aspiration slots with different locations and orientations have been designed and numerically tested. The results revealed that the aspiration location is better to be placed starting from the post-shock point and extending to the deep separation zone. The streamwise slot satisfying such conditions could effectively suppress corner separation but narrows the rotor stable mass flow range by increasing the pitchwise secondary flow. The circumferential skew slot could exactly remedy such defects. The streamwise slot combined with a downstream skew slot is the optimal aspiration strategy that effectively improves the rotor performance without reducing mass flow range. At the design and near-stall operating point, the rotor efficiency (EF) and total pressure ratio (TPR) could be improved by 1.3% and 5.0%, 3.3% and 7.2%, respectively. Consequently, the stall margin was increased by 2.0%. According to the flow loss analysis, the combined aspiration scheme mainly alleviated losses from hub to middle span by reducing the shock strength and the magnitude of separation as well as its radial migration. But in the tip region, it strengthened the leakage flow and its interaction with shock waves, thus increasing the flow losses.
Should cervicothoracic junctions be avoided in long cervical posterior fusion surgery? Analysis of clinical and radiologic outcomes over two years
Authors: Lee Jung Jae , Park Jin Hoon , Oh Young Gyu , Shin Hong Kyung , Jung Sang Ku
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to confirm the usefulness of surgery that avoids the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) by comparing the clinical and radiographic outcomes after posterior cervical fusion at C5/6 with those at C7/T1.

Methods

Patients who underwent laminectomy and posterior cervical instrument fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) from 2012 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and divided according to whether the end level was at C5/6 (group 1) or C7/T1 (group 2). Demographic variables and incidence of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) were compared between the groups. Clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] score for arm and neck pain and the Neck Disability Index value) and radiologic outcomes (T1 slope, cervical lordosis, segmental lordosis, C2-7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope-cervical lordosis mismatch) were compared over time.

Results

Sixty-seven patients were included. There were 32 patients in group 1 and 35 in group 2. The VAS score for neck pain was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 at 2 years after surgery ( p = 0.03). The C2-7 sagittal vertical axis was significantly larger in group 2 than in group 1 at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively ( p = 0.04). The incidence of DJK was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (28.57% vs 9.37%, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

This study found that when CTJs are included in the posterior cervical long fusion surgery, although it would be better than preoperation, postoperative kyphosis and consequent neck pain may progress. The results of this study advocate the concept of avoiding CTJ fusion if possible.
Determination of Novel, Cranium-Based Relationships for Construct Placement in Microtia Reconstruction for Hemifacial Microsomia Patients
Authors: Bouhadana Gabriel , Gornitsky Jordan , Saleh Eli , El Jalbout Ramy , Borsuk Daniel E. , Cugno Sabrina
Published: October 2022

Objective

Determine if the ideal location of the construct in microtia reconstruction for hemifacial microsomia (HFM) can be more accurately derived from measurements on the cranium.

Design

High-resolution computerized tomography (CT) images were analyzed through craniometric linear relationships.

Setting

Our tertiary care institution from 2000 to 2021.

Patients/Participants

Patients diagnosed with HFM and microtia, who had high-resolution craniofacial CT scans, yielding 36 patients accounting for 44 CT scans.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

First, the integrity of the posterior cranial vault among HFM patients was determined. If proven to be unaffected, it could be used as a reference in the placement of the construct. Second, the position of the ear in relation to the cranium was assessed in healthy age-matched controls. Third, if proven to be useful, the concordance of these cranium-based relationships could be validated among our HFM cohort.

Results

The posterior cranial vault is unaffected in HFM ( P > .001). Further, craniometric relationships between the tragus and the Foramen Magnum, as well as between the tragus and the posterior cranium, have been shown to be highly similar and equally precise in predicting tragus position in healthy controls ( P > .001). These relationships held true across all age groups ( P > .001), and importantly among HFM patients, where the mean absolute difference in predicted tragus position never surpassed 1.5 mm.

Conclusions

Relationships between the tragus and the cranium may be used as an alternative to distorted facial anatomy or surgeon's experience to assist in pre-operative planning of construct placement in microtia reconstruction for HFM patients.
Breast-implant Related Silicone Lymphadenopathy: Asteroid Bodies do not Always Equal Sarcoidosis!
Authors: Van Bockstal Mieke R. , Libbrecht Louis , Dubail Angélique , Berlière Martine , Galant Christine
Published: October 2022

Silicone breast implants are frequently used for breast augmentation for cosmetic purposes, as well as for breast reconstruction after prophylactic or therapeutic mastectomy. Silicone lymphadenopathy is a well-known complication of silicone breast implants. Silicone droplets are present in the breast tissue through ‘silicone bleeding’ of the implant or because of implant rupture. These silicone particles can migrate from the breast to the regional lymph nodes. Silicone lymphadenopathy is caused by a substantial foreign body reaction against these silicone particles, and is frequently associated with asteroid body-containing multinucleated giant cells. Similar multinucleated giant cells are often observed in the capsule surrounding the silicone breast implant, and the number of associated asteroid bodies is highly variable. Here, we discuss a series of twelve women with breast implant-related asteroid bodies in their lymph nodes and/or breast tissue. This pictorial essay illustrates that the presence of asteroid bodies in a lymph node does not necessarily suggests a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Clinical information about the patient having (or having had) silicone breast implants is often lacking. The encounter of asteroid body-containing giant cells in lymph node cytology, biopsies or resections should therefore lead to reflex clinical-pathological correlation, before establishing a final diagnosis.
Micronodular Thymic Carcinoma with Lymphoid Stroma: A Case Report
Authors: Zaitsu Koki , Nishida Haruto , Kondo Yoshihiko , Kawamura Kazuhiro , Kusaba Takahiro , Oyama Yuzo , Daa Tsutomu
Published: October 2022

Background. Micronodular thymic carcinoma (MTC) with lymphoid hyperplasia is believed to be the malignant counterpart of micronodular thymoma (MT) with lymphoid hyperplasia. Since MT and MTC share a similar morphology, MTC is considered a malignant form of MT; there have been a few malignant transformations from MT to MTC. We report a case of MTC with lymphoid hyperplasia. Case presentation. A 53-year-old woman presented with an incidental tumor on a chest X-ray. The resected tumor consisted of nodular epithelial nests and lymphoid tissue within a surrounding germinal center. Some epithelial nests showed apparent malignant morphology. Atypical epithelial cells with large vesicular nuclei formed nests, some of which showed comedo necrosis. These cells showed transition continuously to low-grade type B thymoma-like cells, demonstrating cord-like arrangements. Carcinomatous elements, expressed GLUT1, CD5, KIT, and BCL2; conversely, low-grade nests displayed attenuated expression of these markers. GTF2I point mutation and Langerhans/dendritic cells, which are indicators of favorable thymoma prognosis, were not detected. Due to pleural metastasis, the patient was treated with lenvatinib 27 months postoperatively. Conclusions. This is the first report of a partially low-grade, GTF2I-negative MTC. Histological and genetic findings might be predictive of tumor prognosis.
Toward a Practice of Qualitative Methodological Literature Reviewing
Authors: Furlong Darcy E. , Lester Jessica Nina
Published: October 2022

There is consensus around the value of conducting literature reviews across disciplines; however, little attention has been given to the potential(s) of engaging in a qualitative methodological literature review (QMLR). This article examines the possibilities of engaging in a QMLR by showing how it can inform qualitative research practice. After overviewing the history of literature reviews, we offer a series of questions that can inform and be integrated into a QMLR. We then demonstrate how such reviews can serve as an opportunity for qualitative inquirers to critically engage with the methodological literature with the intent of better understanding, enacting, and generating new methodological practices.
Integrated Theory-Based Health and Development Interventions for Young People: A Global Scoping Review
Authors: Decker Martha J. , Gutmann-Gonzalez Abigail , Saphir Melissa , Nguyen Ngoc Tram , Zhi Qi , Brindis Claire D.
Published: October 2022

Background

Most health and developmental issues affecting young people are interrelated. However, few interventions address multiple behavioral domains simultaneously or are based on theories that encompass a holistic perspective of youth development.

Aim

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and describe the range of theory-based, multibehavioral health interventions aimed at improving two or more of the following behavioral youth outcomes: (1) sexual and reproductive health; (2) education and employment; (3) violence; and (4) substance use.

Methods

Interventions conducted worldwide and published in English or Spanish between January 2000 and July 2020 were identified using four databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, and SciELO.

Results

A total of 11,084 articles were identified, of which 477 were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Twenty-three articles (evaluating 21 interventions) ultimately met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions were conducted in the United States and addressed two behavioral domains of interest, although seven interventions incorporated three domains, and one incorporated all four. Substance use was the most common domain (16 interventions) but only in the United States/Canada, followed by sexual and reproductive health (14 interventions). All produced significant improvement in at least one outcome or for at least one subgroup of youth. The most common theoretical foundations were positive youth development and social learning theory.

Conclusion

Integrated interventions that are theory based and evidence informed can support positive development and empower youth to make healthy decisions. Further efforts are needed to address structural and policy issues that affect young people’s developmental opportunities and health outcomes.
High-order torsion analysis of sandwich beams of rectangular cross-section
Authors: Wurf Avi , Rabinovitch Oded , Frostig Yeoshua
Published: October 2022

The structural response of soft-core sandwich beams of rectangular cross-section subjected to torsion is investigated. The paper uses the concepts of the extended high-order sandwich panel theory and generalizes the approach to account for the torsional response and its unique mechanisms. An analytical model that utilizes this generalized approach is formulated. The results of the model are presented and compared with the results of a reference model and a finite element analysis. Emphasis is placed on the torsional resistance mechanisms, their interaction, and the torsional-related localized effects. The results of the present model are in good agreement with the finite element analysis in terms of displacements and stresses, including the localized effects attributed to the soft-core. It is also shown that the present model can identify and quantify the localized effects while reference models available in the literature fail to do so. The results of the model contribute to the understanding of the torsional response of soft-core sandwich beams, including the transition between the warping and Saint-Venant torsional mechanisms and the localized effects associated with the soft-core and the application of boundary conditions to the different layers.
X-linked retinoschisis: OCT-angiography in two brothers from a four-generation family with a p.Arg197Cys pathogenic variant in the RS1 gene
Authors: Carta Arturo , Farci Roberta , Galantuomo Maria Silvana , Fossarello Maurizio
Published: October 2022

Introduction

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is a rare genetic disease causing retinal splitting. The aim of this work is to describe the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) features in two brothers affected by an hemizygous c.589C>T (p.Arg197Cys) pathogenic variant in exon 6 of the RS1 gene.

Case decription

Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including measurement of best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus color photographs, fundus autofluorescence and infrared imaging, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). En Face SD-OCT and OCTA revealed the presence of two different pattern of cystic lesions, fusiform and oval, disposed on a petaloid or irregular manner in the perifoveolar area. A widening of the foveal avascular zone with interruption of the vascular arcades was clearly evident. Furthermore, a capillary drop-out was observed in the superficial plexus of the central retina, other than capillary ectasia in the deep capillary plexus. Straight gray lines were visible among the cysts.

Conclusions

OCTA data herein described allow a detailed morphological evaluation of XLRS other than a quantitative assessment of retinal capillary flow in this disease. The retinal alterations that we have reported may be helpful to better understand this rare condition with OCTA being a sensitive technique to monitor the evolution of the disease and the response to potential future therapeutic approaches aimed to restore vision.
Flood Analysis and Estimating Economic Losses in an Affected Area (Case Study: Cikapundung Watershed)
Authors: Marselina Mariana , Nurhayati Siti Ai , Pandia Stenfri Loy
Published: October 2022

The Cikapundung Watershed is part of the Citarum watershed, which functions as the main drainage of the center of Bandung City. High exploitation of space and water resources can trigger flooding, as is often the case in the Cikapundung watershed. Flooding can be caused by rapid population growth, land degradation, and climate change. In this study, four types of methods were used to analyze rainfall frequency, and the type III Log Pearson distribution method was found to meet the requirements for use. A match test was carried out using the chi-squared method and the Smirnov-Kolmogorov method. Hydraulics analysis was carried out by the HEC-RAS method with different return periods to calculate the depth of flooding. HEC-RAS was used because it is considered highly compatible and relevant to geatographic information systems. The return periods modeled with HEC-RAS were 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. Based on the calculation results, the Cikapundung watershed runoff coefficient in 2020 was .43. The increased return period suggests that the area of flood inundation is becoming wider. The downstream impacts of wider flood inundation include all sectors that are more affected by flooding. This causes losses to increase as the flood payback period increases. The total estimated loss for the 25 return periods of flood events in the Cikapundung watershed is around 1,124 million rupiah, and the affected population is around 700,000 people.
A Young Disabled LGBT+ Researchers Group: Working Collaboratively to Explore the Lives of Young Autistic LGBT+ Persons
Authors: Toft Alex , Ward Beth ,   Anonymous author
Published: October 2022

This article explores setting up a research group and outlines how we work together. The goal of the research group is to work collaboratively to conduct research on aspects of life for young disabled LGBT+ people that we think need more research. We hope to outline the aim of the group and what we want to achieve. It will also discuss our research principles and how we have conducted research together. We hope that the article provides insight on how to set up collaborative groups, how to work together, and what such groups can achieve. This article has been written collaboratively and this is reflected throughout.
The impact of textual enhancement and frequency manipulation on incidental learning of collocations from reading
Authors: Jung Jookyoung , Stainer Matthew J. , Tran Minh Hoang
Published: October 2022

Collocational knowledge is central to communicative competence, but many second language (L2) learners struggle to acquire this aspect. To address this limitation, the present study investigated if textual enhancement and frequency manipulation would affect incidental learning of collocations from reading. Fifty-four first language (L1) Cantonese speakers read two English stories in which 12 adjective–pseudonoun collocations appeared either three or six times. The target collocations were coloured in red under the enhanced condition. Participants’ attentional processes were examined using their eye-movements during reading and stimulated recall comments prompted by their own eye-movements. After reading, unannounced immediate and delayed posttests were administered. The results showed that increased frequency led to greater visual attention to the target collocations in terms of both duration and counts of eye-fixations. Increased frequency further led to better performances on the immediate form and collocation recognition tests. The effects of colouring increased first fixation durations, only when the target collocations appeared six times. Colouring was also linked to higher immediate collocation recognition and delayed meaning recognition and collocation recall scores. Stimulated recall comments revealed that participants noticed the pseudonouns and sometimes utilized their collocate adjectives to infer the meaning of the pseudonouns. The findings of this study demonstrate that textual enhancement and frequency manipulation may affect distinct aspects of collocational learning.
Optimal design of residential balcony based on environmental benefit: A case study in hot summer and cold winter area of China
Authors: Yang Qing , Li Nianping
Published: October 2022

The aggravation of the greenhouse gas emission-resulted climate change poses a significant challenge to the world. In response to the urgent need for significantly more sustainable societies, this paper develops a protocol for the optimal design of residential balcony based on environmental benefits in the case study of China’s hot summer and cold winter area. The study utilized ROI and AY as environmental performance indicators for decision-making scheme investment and EnergyPlus to simulate the A/C energy-saving potential of considered balcony design schemes. The literature and experiment validation results show that EnergyPlus with Shadow Algorithm is reliable for studying the energy consumption of residence with balcony. The added embodied environmental impact of the different design schemes was estimated, and the idea of life cycle assessment was used for quantitative evaluation of the carbon emissions of the balcony. The results show the depth of 1.2 m suits the south/north-facing balcony, and a big window-wall ratio of 0.6 was the most beneficial in the environmental performance of the balcony investment. When the balcony is attached to different rooms, the environmental profitability is influenced by the factors such as occupancy behaviour and balcony environmental investment. The attached room type of residence on a case-by-case basis should be analyzed.
Multi-body dynamics modeling and driving performance evaluation of oil recovery vehicle
Authors: Kim Ji-Tae , Im Dongu , Choi Hyuek-Jin , Oh Jae-Won , Seo Jaho , Park Young-Jun
Published: October 2022

In this study, the design and driving performance evaluation of a driving system for driving on deformable terrain was performed using terramechanics theory and multi-body dynamics simulation. For the design of the driving system, the mechanical interaction of track-terrain was analyzed using a Bekker-based model. Based on the analyzed results, the design of a track suitable for the deformable terrain to be driven and selection of a power source (engine, transmission, etc.) were carried out. A multi-body simulation model of the tracked vehicle reflecting the designed track and the selected power source was developed, and a ground model reflecting the mechanical property of terrain was also developed to analyze the mechanical interaction of the track-terrain through simulation. In addition, each link constituting the track was modeled as a 6 DOF spring/damper system to consider the track's tension force and load distribution under the track, and through this, different ground pressure and soil thrust were applied according to the motion state of each link. Finally, driving performance analyses were performed using the developed tracked vehicle, and as a result, it was confirmed that the driving requirements of the tracked vehicle were satisfied.
Differential updating and morality: Is the way offenders learn from police detection associated with their personal morals?
Authors: Kaiser Florian , Huss Björn , Schaerff Marcus
Published: October 2022

The majority of differential deterrability research has investigated whether people differ in the extent to which a perceived threat of sanctions deters them from committing a crime. Less is known about the differential influence of criminal justice intervention on sanction threat perceptions. According to deterrence theory, however, for justice intervention to successfully deter crime, a process of perceptual updating is required. In the current study, we used panel data from German adolescents to supplement the research on differential updating. We applied fixed effects regressions to analyze whether people with weaker or stronger morals update their perceptions of detection risk differently following experiences of police detection. Our findings suggest that they do: risk perceptions increased more in adolescents with weak morals than in adolescents with strong morals when they experienced a higher certainty of detection (a higher detection rate). Combined with previous findings on differential deterrence (by personal morality), our results indicate that deterrence processes may—for individuals with weak morals—play a more critical role in the prevention of crime than previous nondifferential research has suggested.
A high efficient constitutive model of coated plain-weave fabrics under uniaxial tensile loads in arbitrary directions
Authors: Sun Changle , Zhang Lijuan , Li Chao
Published: October 2022

The complex mechanical properties of coated fabrics make it difficult to obtain accurate constants for design and analysis. A high efficient constitutive model of coated plain-weave fabrics is proposed to realize the prediction of mechanical behaviours in arbitrary directions. The coupling mechanism between macro and meso deformation of coated fabrics is analyzed firstly, and the constitutive relation of the model is established based on mesoscopic parameters with clear physical interpretation. Then, the material property values of specimens are obtained by using a multi-objective optimization algorithm according to the experimental data. Unlike the previous constitutive relations which need to use finite element methods to get numerical solutions, the constitutive relation established in this paper can be mapped to a quartic equation with analytical solution, and the calculation efficiency can be greatly improved. The deviations of model predictions with experimental results, e. g., 0.052 (tension), 0.009 (width), 0.014 (length, warp), 0.025 (length, weft), 0.027 (angle, warp), 0.030 (angle, weft), show that the model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Increasing adverse drug events extraction robustness on social media: Case study on negation and speculation
Authors: Scaboro Simone , Portelli Beatrice , Chersoni Emmanuele , Santus Enrico , Serra Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

In the last decade, an increasing number of users have started reporting adverse drug events (ADEs) on social media platforms, blogs, and health forums. Given the large volume of reports, pharmacovigilance has focused on ways to use natural language processing (NLP) techniques to rapidly examine these large collections of text, detecting mentions of drug-related adverse reactions to trigger medical investigations. However, despite the growing interest in the task and the advances in NLP, the robustness of these models in face of linguistic phenomena such as negations and speculations is an open research question. Negations and speculations are pervasive phenomena in natural language and can severely hamper the ability of an automated system to discriminate between factual and non-factual statements in text. In this article, we take into consideration four state-of-the-art systems for ADE detection on social media texts. We introduce SNAX, a benchmark to test their performance against samples containing negated and speculated ADEs, showing their fragility against these phenomena. We then introduce two possible strategies to increase the robustness of these models, showing that both of them bring significant increases in performance, lowering the number of spurious entities predicted by the models by 60% for negation and 80% for speculations.
Single-Center Experience With a Self-Expandable Venous Cannula During Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Van Praet Karel M. , Kofler Markus , Meyer Alexander , Sündermann Simon H. , Hommel Matthias , Falk Volkmar , Kempfert Jörg
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Venous drainage is often problematic in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). Here, we describe our experience with a self-expandable stent cannula designed to optimize venous drainage.

Methods:

The smart canula® was used in 58 consecutive patients undergoing MICS for mitral valve disease ( n = 40), left atrial myxoma ( n = 3), left ventricular outflow tract obstruction ( n = 1), and aortic valve replacement via a right anterior minithoracotomy ( n = 14) procedures. The venous cannula was placed under transesophageal echocardiography guidance to reach the superior vena cava. Vacuum-assisted venous drainage (between −20 and −35 mm Hg) was used to reach a target flow index of 2.2 L/min/m² at a core temperature of 34 °C using a goal-directed perfusion strategy aimed at a minimum DO2 of 272 mL/min/m2. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) parameters were recorded, and hemolysis-related parameters were analyzed on postoperative days 1 to 7.

Results:

Mean body surface area and median body mass index were 1.9 ± 0.2 m2 and 25.2 (23.4, 30.2) kg/m2. Mean CPB and median cross-clamping times were 107.7 ± 24.4 min and 64.5 (53, 75.8) min, and median CPB flow during cardioplegic arrest was 4 (3.6, 4.2) L/min (median cardiac index 2.1 [2, 2.2] L/min/m²). Venous drainage was considered sufficient by the surgeon in all cases, and insertion and removal were uncomplicated. Mean SvO2 during CPB was 80.2% ± 5.5%, and median peak lactate was 10 (8, 14) mg/dL, indicating sufficient perfusion. Mean venous negative drainage pressure during cross-clamping was 27.2 ± 12.3 mm Hg. Platelets dropped by 73.6 ± 37.5 K/µL, lactate dehydrogenase rose by 81.5 (44.3, 140.8) U/L, and leukocytes rose by 3.4 (2.2, 7.2) K/µL on postoperative day 1.

Conclusions:

The venous smart canula® allows for optimal venous drainage at low negative drainage pressures, facilitating sufficient perfusion in MICS.
Transvenous embolization of vein of galen aneurysmal malformations with coils as a final procedure for cure: A single-institution experience of 18 years
Authors: Matsoukas Stavros , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Bazil Maximilian J , Fifi Johanna , Berenstein Alejandro
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Staged, transarterial embolization (TAE) is currently considered the gold standard for the treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM); however, as transarterial access becomes restricted, further staged TAE may become ineffective or carry an increased risk of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke when attempting complete obliteration.

Objective

To describe the first consecutive, retrospective series of VGAM treated with transvenous embolization (TVE) with coils alone, as the final treatment in staged endovascular therapy, at a single institution between January 2004 and September 2021.

Results

A total of 10 patients with a median age of 5.5 (IQR: 9.25) years were treated with coiling TVE. Patients were treated with a median number of 5 (IQR: 2.75) TAEs prior to the final TVE treatment. Complete or near-complete immediate angiographic obliteration was achieved in eight patients. Immediate post-procedural (within 48 h) hemorrhagic complications were noted in two patients (20%), one of whom passed away while the second suffered from hemiparesis. Stereotactic radiosurgery was performed in two patients with incomplete obliteration after TVE. The median follow-up time after TVE was 17 (IQR: 9) months. At long-term follow up (17 months) for the remaining nine patients, all VGAMs were completely obliterated. Long-term clinical deterioration compared to pre-TVE was noticed in one case.

Conclusion

Transvenous coil embolization is a technically feasible but risky option, as a final-stage treatment for cure of VGAMs with restricted trans-arterial access. Although TVE with coils remains an effective therapeutic modality, we recommend continuing investigation of safer TVE techniques to achieve cure.
First pass results of mechanical thrombectomy with two-drop zone NeVaTM device
Authors: Bajrami Arsida , Ertugrul Ozgur , Senadim Songul , Erdem Eren , Baltacioglu Feyyaz , Geyik Serdar
Published: October 2022

Background

Occlusive thrombi in acute ischemic stroke can be in various types which limits the success of the thrombectomy. The NeVaTM (Vesalio, Nashville, Tennessee) thrombectomy device was originally designed for all types of clot. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the NeVaTM device for mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

Retrospective review of prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database revealed 145 patients who had fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collected includes clinical patient characteristics, procedural measures, timestamp at each stage, and patient outcome. IV thrombolytics application, pre and post-intervention imaging findings, device related adverse event and any type of intracranial hemorrhage were recorded.

Results

There was female pre-dominance (54.5%). Median presenting national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) was 16 (IQR, 3–32). 88 MCA-m1 (60,6%), 43 ICA-tip (29,6%), 11 MCA-m2 (7,5%), 2 ACA (1,4%) and 1 basilar (0,7%) occlusions were underwent for mechanical thrombectomy. Median procedure time was 25 min (IQR, 7–136). First-pass reperfusion scores were mTICI 0–2a 22.7%, mTICI 2b 23.4%, mTICI 2c 17.9% and mTICI 3 35.9%. Mean number of pass was 1,84 ± 1,14. Final mTICI 2b-3 score was 97.9% and TICI2c-3 score was 87.6%. No device related adverse event occurred. The mean 24-h NIHSS score was 6 (IQR 0–33).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the NeVa thrombectomy device offers a high rate of first-pass success along with favorable safety profile. Larger series and multi-center studies are needed for further investigation.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphism SLCO1B1 gene and simvastatin pleiotropic effects measured through flow-mediated dilation endothelial function parameters
Authors: Andrianto  , Puspitasari Mia , Ardiana Meity , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Shonafi Khubay Alvia , Kusuma Wardhani Louisa Fadjri , Nugraha Ricardo Adrian
Published: October 2022

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the medium to large arteries become inflamed over time. The cornerstone to the atherosclerosis process is endothelial dysfunction. Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug known for its endothelial cell pleiotropic properties. The role of genetic polymorphisms in simvastatin-resistance difficulties has recently piqued people’s interest. This problem is thought to be linked to the pleiotropic action of simvastatin, particularly in terms of restoring endothelial function. The goal of this study is to see if there is a link between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.521T>C and the pleiotropic effect of simvastatin as determined by the endothelial function parameter, flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

Methods:

This research was a multicentre cross-sectional study including 71 hypercholesterolemia patients who have been on simvastatin for at least 3 months. The real-time polymerase chain reaction identified SNP c.521T>C. The right brachial artery ultrasonography was used to measure FMD.

Results:

In 71 hypercholesterolemia patients, the SNP c.521T>C was found in 9.9% of them. On χ2 analysis, there was no significant association between SNP c.521T>C (TC genotype) and FMD ( p = 0.973). On logistic regression analysis, the duration of simvastatin medication was linked with an increased incidence (Adj. OR (adjusted odds ratio) = 2.424; confidence interval (CI) = 1.117–5.260, p = 0.025) and a reduction in systolic blood pressure (Adj. OR = 0.92; CI = 0.025–0.333, p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

There was no association between FMD and the SNP c.521T>C (TC genotype). The duration of simvastatin medication and systolic blood pressure were both associated to FMD.
Key research questions for implementation of artificial intelligence in capsule endoscopy
Authors: Leenhardt Romain , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Histace Aymeric , Baatrup Gunnar , Beg Sabina , Bourreille Arnaud , de Lange Thomas , Eliakim Rami , Iakovidis Dimitris , Dam Jensen Michael , Keuchel Martin , Margalit Yehuda Reuma , McNamara Deirdre , Mascarenhas Miguel , Spada Cristiano , Segui Santi , Smedsrud Pia , Toth Ervin , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Klang Eyal , Dray Xavier , Kopylov Uri
Published: October 2022

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly infiltrating multiple areas in medicine, with gastrointestinal endoscopy paving the way in both research and clinical applications. Multiple challenges associated with the incorporation of AI in endoscopy are being addressed in recent consensus documents.

Objectives:

In the current paper, we aimed to map future challenges and areas of research for the incorporation of AI in capsule endoscopy (CE) practice.

Design:

Modified three-round Delphi consensus online survey.

Methods:

The study design was based on a modified three-round Delphi consensus online survey distributed to a group of CE and AI experts. Round one aimed to map out key research statements and challenges for the implementation of AI in CE. All queries addressing the same questions were merged into a single issue. The second round aimed to rank all generated questions during round one and to identify the top-ranked statements with the highest total score. Finally, the third round aimed to redistribute and rescore the top-ranked statements.

Results:

Twenty-one (16 gastroenterologists and 5 data scientists) experts participated in the survey. In the first round, 48 statements divided into seven themes were generated. After scoring all statements and rescoring the top 12, the question of AI use for identification and grading of small bowel pathologies was scored the highest (mean score 9.15), correlation of AI and human expert reading-second (9.05), and real-life feasibility-third (9.0).

Conclusion:

In summary, our current study points out a roadmap for future challenges and research areas on our way to fully incorporating AI in CE reading.
No Evidence of a Gender-Equality Paradox in Gendered Names: Comment on Vishkin, Slepian, and Galinsky (2022)
Authors: Berggren Mathias
Published: October 2022

This article reexamines the results of Vishkin, Slepian, and Galinsky (2022), which found larger gender differences in voiced names with higher gender equality over time and across states. I show that the employed statistical methods and calculations led the authors to draw incorrect conclusions. Using more appropriate methods, I show that there is no evidence of a systematic decrease in the proportion of voiced female names over time nor a corresponding increase for male names in Study 1 and that the gender difference has actually decreased. In Study 2, I show that, contrary to the authors’ hypothesis, both men and women have a higher proportion of voiced names in states with higher female leadership scores and that the increased difference disappears when controlling for a cultural confound—states’ proportion of foreign-born inhabitants. I conclude by discussing some overarching issues and thoughts on best practices.
A case of multiple, bilateral Becker’s Nevi of the trunk and lower extremities in a young girl: A case report
Authors: Leszczynska Maria , Pisano Catherine , Haller Courtney N , Diaz Lucia Z
Published: October 2022

A Becker’s nevus typically appears as a single unilateral, well-demarcated, hyperpigmented patch over the upper trunk during adolescence. It uncommonly presents as multiple and bilateral patches and rarely involves a lower extremity. We describe the unusual case of a child with multiple, bilateral Becker’s nevi of the trunk and lower extremities present since birth.
Predictors of reoperation after transurethral resection of the prostate in a diverse, urban academic centre
Authors: Loloi Justin , Wang Sarah , Labagnara Kevin , Plummer Melissa , Douglass Laura , Watts Kara , Abraham Nitya , Ohmann Erin
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To evaluate predictors of reoperation after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a diverse patient population.

Materials and methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed on men who underwent TURP between 2013 and 2016 at our institution with follow-up data post-operatively. Variables collected included patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Primary outcomes included whether the patient underwent repeat TURP and months elapsed since initial TURP.

Results:

A total of 304 men underwent TURP during the study period. Thirty men (10%) underwent repeat TURP at a mean interval of 26 months. Reoperation after TURP was not associated with race, body mass index (BMI), 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) use, or pre-operative prostate volume. An elevated pre-operative haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was associated with both reoperation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.69), 30 day readmission (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.17–3.28) and 30-day hematuria (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.29–4.38). Pre-operative prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels > 4 and hydronephrosis on imaging were also associated with a higher risk of reoperation.

Conclusions:

Reoperation after TURP occurred in 10% of our study cohort at a median of 26 months after surgery. Elevated HbA1c prior to surgery was associated with reoperation, 30-day readmission and 30-day hematuria. Higher risk of post-operative complications in patients with poorly controlled diabetes should be communicated at the time of decision for surgery. Future studies should evaluate whether optimising diabetes control prior to TURP reduces risk of reoperation or whether this risk is non-modifiable due to permanent changes in the lower urinary tract due to chronic hyperglycaemia.

Level of evidence:

III
Transient myocardial thickening associated with acute myocardial injury and congestive heart failure in two Toxoplasma gondii-positive cats
Authors: Romito Giovanni , Fracassi Federico , Cipone Mario
Published: October 2022

Case series summary

In this report, we provide detailed clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic descriptions of two Toxoplasma gondii-positive cats diagnosed with transient myocardial thickening (TMT) and acute myocardial injury (MI). In both cases, aetiological diagnosis was based on the antibody screening test (all cats had IgM titres ⩾1:64) and MI was demonstrated by a concomitant severe increase of the serum concentration of cardiac troponin I (5.1–23.6 ng/ml; upper hospital limit <0.2 ng/ml). In both cats, TMT and MI were aggravated by left atrial dilation and dysfunction, as well as congestive heart failure. In one cat, atrial standstill was also documented, while the other cat showed an intracardiac thrombus. Both cats underwent an extensive diagnostic work-up aimed at excluding additional comorbidities that could contribute to able to contribute to TMT and MI, and received appropriate antiprotozoal (ie, clindamycin) and cardiovascular therapy (eg, furosemide, pimobendan and clopidogrel). This was followed by a simultaneous decline in T gondii serology titres, normalisation of troponin level and the resolution of clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities. In the light of these results, therapies were interrupted and subsequent controls ruled out any disease relapse.

Relevance and novel information

Although T gondii represents an often-cited cause of myocarditis in feline medicine, the existing literature on the demonstration of T gondii-associated cardiac compromise in cats is extremely limited. Accordingly, this report provides a useful contribution to pertinent scientific literature since it describes TMT and acute MI in two T gondii-positive cats.