bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eculizumab for Shiga‐toxin‐induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in adults with neurological involvement
Authors: Lee Benjamin J. , Arter Zhaohui , Doh Jean , Griffin Shawn P. , Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Atallah Steven , Shieh Kevin R. , Tran Minh‐Ha , Jodele Sonata , Kongtim Piyanuch , Ciurea Stefan O.
Published: April 2024

The role of eculizumab in treating Shiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) patients with neurological involvement remains unclear. We describe two distinctly different STEC‐HUS patients with neurologic involvement successfully managed with eculizumab, and perform a literature review of all published cases. Both patients had complete resolution of neurological symptoms after initiation of eculizumab. Eighty patients with STEC‐HUS treated with eculizumab were identified in the literature, 68.7% had complete resolution of neurological symptoms. Based on our experience and literature review, three prevailing themes were noted: 1) Early eculizumab administration optimized neurological outcomes, 2) Symptom resolution may not be immediate, neurological symptoms may initially worsen before improvement, and 3) Plasma exchange yielded no benefit. Early administration of eculizumab may reverse neurotoxicity in patients with STEC‐HUS.
Construction of an early differentiation diagnosis model for patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Wang Zijian , Chen Zumin , Liang Manman , Zhang Aiping , Sheng Haoyu , Ni Mingyue , Yang Jianghua
Published: April 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with a high mortality rate. Differentiating between SFTS and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is difficult and inefficient. Retrospective analysis of the medical records of individuals with SFTS and HFRS was performed. Clinical and laboratory data were compared, and a diagnostic model was developed based on multivariate logistic regression analyzes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic model. Among the 189 patients, 113 with SFTS and 76 with HFRS were enrolled. Univariate analysis revealed that more than 20 variables were significantly associated with SFTS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, especially female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 4.299; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.163–15.887; p = 0.029), age ≥65 years (OR: 16.386; 95% CI: 3.043–88.245; p = 0.001), neurological symptoms (OR: 12.312; 95% CI: 1.638–92.530; p = 0.015), leukopenia (<4.0 × 109/L) (OR: 17.355; 95% CI: 3.920–76.839; p < 0.001), and normal Cr (OR: 97.678; 95% CI: 15.483–616.226; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with SFTS but not with HFRS. The area under the curve of the differential diagnostic model was 0.960 (95% CI: 0.936–0.984), which was significantly better than that of each single factor. In addition, the model exhibited very excellent sensitivity and specificity (92.9% and 85.5%, respectively). In cases where HFRS and SFTS are endemic, a diagnostic model based on five parameters, such as gender, age ≥65 years, neurological symptoms, leukopenia and normal Cr, will facilitate the differential diagnosis of SFTS and HFRS in medical institutions, especially in primary care settings.
Mismatch novelty exploration training shifts VPAC1 receptor‐mediated modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by endogenous VIP in male rats
Authors: Aidil‐Carvalho Fatima , Caulino‐Rocha Ana , Ribeiro Joaquim Alexandre , Cunha‐Reis Diana
Published: April 2024

Novelty influences hippocampal‐dependent memory through metaplasticity. Mismatch novelty detection activates the human hippocampal CA1 area and enhances rat hippocampal‐dependent learning and exploration. Remarkably, mismatch novelty training (NT) also enhances rodent hippocampal synaptic plasticity while inhibition of VIP interneurons promotes rodent exploration. Since VIP, acting on VPAC1 receptors (Rs), restrains hippocampal LTP and depotentiation by modulating disinhibition, we now investigated the impact of NT on VPAC1 modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male Wistar rats. NT enhanced both CA1 hippocampal LTP and depotentiation unlike exploring an empty holeboard (HT) or a fixed configuration of objects (FT). Blocking VIP VPAC1Rs with PG 97269 (100 nM) enhanced both LTP and depotentiation in naïve animals, but this effect was less effective in NT rats. Altered endogenous VIP modulation of LTP was absent in animals exposed to the empty environment (HT). HT and FT animals showed mildly enhanced synaptic VPAC1R levels, but neither VIP nor VPAC1R levels were altered in NT animals. Conversely, NT enhanced the GluA1/GluA2 AMPAR ratio and gephyrin synaptic content but not PSD‐95 excitatory synaptic marker. In conclusion, NT influences hippocampal synaptic plasticity by reshaping brain circuits modulating disinhibition and its control by VIP‐expressing hippocampal interneurons while upregulation of VIP VPAC1Rs is associated with the maintenance of VIP control of LTP in FT and HT animals. This suggests VIP receptor ligands may be relevant to co‐adjuvate cognitive recovery therapies in aging or epilepsy, where LTP/LTD imbalance occurs.
Characterization and modulation of the pro‐inflammatory effects of immune cells in the canine intervertebral disk
Authors: Heimann Mary K. , Thompson Kelly , Gunsch Gilian , Tang Shirley N. , Klamer Brett , Corps Kara , Walter Benjamin A. , Moore Sarah A. , Purmessur Devina
Published: April 2024

Background

Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration affects both humans and canines and is a major cause of low back pain (LBP). Mast cell (MC) and macrophage (MØ) infiltration has been identified in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration (IVDD) in the human and rodent model but remains understudied in the canine. MC degranulation in the IVD leads to a pro‐inflammatory cascade and activates protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) on IVD cells. The objectives of the present study are to: (1) highlight the pathophysiological changes observed in the degenerate canine IVD, (2) further characterize the inflammatory effect of MCs co‐cultured with canine nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, (3) evaluate the effect of construct stiffness on NP and MCs, and (4) identify potential therapeutics to mitigate pathologic changes in the IVD microenvironment.

Methods

Canine IVD tissue was isolated from healthy autopsy research dogs (beagle) and pet dogs undergoing laminectomy for IVD herniation. Morphology, protein content, and inflammatory markers were assessed. NP cells isolated from healthy autopsy (Mongrel hounds) tissue were co‐cultured with canine MCs within agarose constructs and treated with cromolyn sodium (CS) and PAR2 antagonist (PAR2A). Gene expression, sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, and stiffness of constructs were assessed.

Results

CD 31+ blood vessels, mast cell tryptase, and macrophage CD 163+ were increased in the degenerate surgical canine tissue compared to healthy autopsy. Pro‐inflammatory genes were upregulated when canine NP cells were co‐cultured with MCs and the stiffer microenvironment enhanced these effects. Treatment with CS and PAR2 inhibitors mediated key pro‐inflammatory markers in canine NP cells.

Conclusion

There is increased MC, MØs, and vascular ingrowth in the degenerate canine IVD tissue, similar to observations in the clinical population with IVDD and LBP. MCs co‐cultured with canine NP cells drive inflammation, and CS and PAR2A are potential therapeutics that may mitigate the pathophysiology of IVDD in vitro.
Effects of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Regulation of Free Fatty Acid Release in 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Wu Liu , Xiao Xinfang , Deng Juan , Zhou Yiqing , Li Junfen , He Sicheng , Wang Yan
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the proliferation, differentiation, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced lipolysis of 3T3‐L1 cells, and to explore the feasibility of regulating the release of free fatty acids (FFA) to prevent lipotoxicity.

Methods

Different intensities (30, 60, 90, and 120 mW/cm2) of LIPUS were applied to 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes for different durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes). Appropriate parameters for subsequent experiments were selected by assessing cell viability. The effect of LIPUS on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells was evaluated by microscope observation, flow cytometry, and lipid content determination. After treated with LIPUS and TNF‐α (50 ng/mL), the degree of lipolysis was assessed by measuring the extracellular FFA content. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of relevant genes.

Results

Different parameters of LIPUS significantly enhance the viability of 3T3‐L1 cells (P < .05), with 20 minutes and 30 mW/cm2 as the most suitable settings. After LIPUS treatment, 3T3‐L1 cell proliferation accelerated, apoptosis rate and G1 phase cell proportion decreased, the content of lipid droplets and TG was increased in differentiated cells, while FFA release decreased (P < .05). The expression of PCNA, PPARγ, C/EBPα, Perilipin A mRNA increased, and the expression of TNF‐α, ATGL, HSL mRNA decreased (P < .05).

Conclusions

LIPUS could promote the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells and inhibit TNF‐α‐induced lipolysis, indicating its potential as a therapy for mitigating lipotoxicity caused by decompensated adipocytes.
An important source of terrestrial microplastics‐atmospheric deposition: A microplastics survey based on Shaanxi, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Ouyang Zhuozhi , He Yifei , Ding Ling , Liang Xujun , Guo Xuetao
Published: April 2024

Recently, more and more studies have shown that the air may be an important source of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. But there is still a lack of research on MPs in the atmosphere. Here, we obtained the results of MPs concentration in atmospheric deposition in Shaanxi Province. Sampling was carried out for 6 months in 10 cities in Shaanxi Province and three different functional areas in Xi'an City. The results show that the MPs exist widely in the air of Shaanxi Province. The lowest MPs concentration of MPs was observed in Tongchuan (TC) and the highest in Xi'an (XA). Factors affecting the distribution of MPs in the atmosphere may include climate and urban population. Spectral analysis revealed that these MPs consisted of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PET, PAN, PE, and PP constituted the majority (90%) of the detected polymer types. The current research aims to contribute to the limited existing knowledge by examining the presence of MPs in all (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition in the urban environment of Shaanxi Province. The quantity, size, shape, and polymer type are evaluated, thereby improving our understanding of the characteristics of MPs deposition in urban environments.
Structural, thermal and optoelectrical study of PVA/iron oxide nanocomposite films
Authors: Basit M. , Aslam M. , Ahmad M. , Raza Z. A.
Published: April 2024

The work reported here deals with fabricating iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films via the solution‐casting green route, characterized using various characterization techniques. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows interaction of nanoparticles with the polyvinyl alcohol matrix, scanning electron microscopy shows surface morphology of crack‐free films, energy dispersive spectroscopy indicates elemental purity, tensiometer analysis shows changing behavior of hydrophilic to hydrophobic, thermogravimetric analysis shows improved thermal stability, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy shows tunable optical properties, and frequency response analysis shows improved electrical properties. A small incorporation (1 wt. %) of iron oxide nanoparticles has induced significant alternations in structural, wetting, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of the polyvinyl alcohol‐based nanocomposite films. Results showed notable changes in the structural phases, water contact angle (39.5° to 97.7°), optical absorption edge (5.12 eV to 4.84 eV), indirect band gap (4.99 eV to 4.68 eV), direct bandgap (5.41 eV to 5.21 eV), and band tail (0.57 eV to 0.89 eV) from native polyvinyl alcohol to polyvinyl alcohol/iron oxide nanocomposite films. Enhancements were observed in refractive indices, optical conductivity, optical dielectric loss, thermal stability, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss on incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles into the polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The fabricated nanocomposite films might be a potential material for optoelectronic and microelectronics applications.
Effect of groove angle on the residual stress and deformation of nuclear waste container cylinder body welded by plasma arc welding
Authors: Li T. , Huang B. , Hong X. , Zheng J.
Published: April 2024

As an important barrier for high‐level radioactive waste transportation and deep burial disposal, the welding quality of nuclear waste container is particularly important. At present, nuclear waste container is usually manufactured by plasma arc welding. Therefore, in order to manufacture nuclear waste container parts with high quality, based on the finite element simulation software simufact welding, this paper uses a combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification to simulate the temperature field, stress field and deformation of the longitudinal weld of 316L nuclear waste container cylinder body by selecting different welding groove angles. The test results show that the groove angle of the V‐groove increases, the residual stress distribution and size increase, and the deformation increases. The stress value of the I‐shaped groove is between the V‐shaped groove angle of 30° and 45°, but the deformation is the smallest. In practical engineering applications, residual stress and deformation need to be considered comprehensive. Reasonable groove angle plays an important role in controlling residual stress and deformation after welding.
Sustainable production of graphene quantum dots from rice husk for photo‐degradation of organochlorine pesticides
Authors: Gaayathri K. H. , Debnath R. , Roy M. , Saha M.
Published: April 2024

The controlled synthesis of two‐dimensional nanocrystals of graphene particles instead of amorphous carbon quantum dots is highly challenging and requires tremendous efforts to optimize the reaction conditions. It has been observed that as a significant bio‐compatible zero‐dimensional material, graphene quantum dots are considered as a novel material for opto‐electronics, energy, biological and environmental applications. However, very few are known about their utilization in photocatalytic degradation of pesticides, especially organochlorine pesticides which are resistant to removal by conventional wastewater treatment methods. In this work, graphene quantum dots were produced from rice husk at relatively low temperatures, resulting in an average particle size of 3.3 nm. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy clearly showed the formation of spherical quantum dots having lattice fringes and the selected area electron diffraction pattern showed the crystallinity of the graphene quantum dots. A study of photodegradation of three highly toxic organochlorine pesticides namely, dichlorodiphenyl trichloro ethane, cypermethrin and fenvalerate were carried out using as‐synthesized graphene quantum dots from rice husk. Interestingly, all these pesticides were found to be degraded around 60 % to 70 % under visible light conditions. It confirmed that synthesized graphene quantum dots from rice husk can act as prominent photocatalyst for the degradation of pesticides and other pollutants.
A novel carbon‐flax bioepoxy hybrid composite bone plate with enhanced bio‐mechanical performance
Authors: Kennedy S. M. , Arunachalam V. , Kannan A.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to pioneer a transformative approach in orthopedic implant design by developing and analyzing a groundbreaking carbon‐flax reinforced bioepoxy hybrid composite bone plate. The primary objectives of the present research were to enhance the bio‐mechanical performance of orthopedic implants and explore the potential applications of the novel material for orthopedic implants. Hybrid composite plate was fabricated mimicking the human bone with the soft inner core and a rigid outer coating. Mechanical properties for the hybrid composite were obtained through material characterization studies as per ASTM standards. The hybrid composite bone plates were tested as per bio‐mechanical test standard and the results were correlated with the finite element simulations. The maximum stress value in the experiments for the biomechanical four‐point bending tests was 331.74 MPa, and the corresponding strain value was 0.0337. The maximum equivalent stress and strain values obtained from simulation were in line with the findings of the experiments. The current research signifies a paradigm shift in orthopedic implant technology. The carbon‐flax bioepoxy hybrid composite offers remarkable potential for orthopedic applications, promising safer and more durable solutions for patients in need of bone repair or replacement.
A comprehensive review to find capabilities of 4D printing in implantable medical devices
Authors: Sharma A. , Vishwakarma P. N. , Gupta S. , Dixit S. , Kumar S. R.
Published: April 2024

The field of 4D printing has emerged as a promising technology in the realm of implantable medical devices. Unlike traditional 3D printing, 4D printing allows for the fabrication of materials that can change shape or function over time in response to external stimuli. This review paper provides an overview of the application of 4D printing in implantable medical devices, highlighting its potential benefits, challenges, and future directions. This paper provide an overview of 4D printing, exploring the application of 4D printing in implantable medical devices and discuss the advantages and challenges of 4D‐printed implants. These advantages may include patient‐specific customization, enhanced functionality and performance, and minimally invasive procedures. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges and future prospective associated with material selection, fabrication techniques, scalability, and regulatory and ethical considerations in the context of 4D printing. By addressing these topics, this review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application of 4D printing in implantable medical devices. It seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field and inspire further research and innovation in this promising area of healthcare technology.
NFKB2 mediates colorectal cancer cell immune escape and metastasis in a STAT2/PD‐L1‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhang Jiwei , Ma Fen , Li Zhe , Li Yuan , Sun Xun , Song Mingxu , Yang Fan , Wu Enjiang , Wei Xiaohui , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li
Published: April 2024

This study systematically analyzed the molecular mechanism and function of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) to investigate the potential of NFKB2 as a therapeutic target for CRC. Various experimental techniques, including RNA sequencing, proteome chip assays, and small molecule analysis, were used to obtain a deeper understanding of the regulation of NFKB2 in CRC. The results revealed that NFKB2 was upregulated in a significant proportion of patients with advanced hepatic metastasis of CRC. NFKB2 played an important role in promoting tumor growth through CD8+ T‐cell exhaustion. Moreover, NFKB2 directly interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), leading to increased phosphorylation of STAT2 and the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Applying a small molecule inhibitor of NFKB2 (Rg5) led to a reduction in PD‐L1 expression and improved response to programmed death‐1 blockade‐based immunotherapy. In conclusion, the facilitated NFKB2‐STAT2/PD‐L1 axis may suppress immune surveillance in CRC and targeting NFKB2 may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the contribution of NFKB2 in CRC immune escape.
RETRACTED: Corrigendum to a fractional sideways problem in a one‐dimensional finite‐slab with deterministic and random interior perturbed data
Authors: Duc Trong Dang , Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen , Dang Minh Nguyen , Nhu Lan Nguyen
Published: April 2024

In a lot of engineering applications, one has to recover the temperature of a heat body having a surface that cannot be measured directly. This raises an inverse problem of determining the temperature on the surface of a body using interior measurements, which is called the sideways problem. Many papers investigated the problem (with or without fractional derivatives) by using the Cauchy data
measured at one interior point
or using an interior data
and the assumption
. However, the flux
is not easy to measure, and the temperature assumption at infinity is inappropriate for a bounded body. Hence, in the present paper, we consider a fractional sideways problem, in which the interior measurements at two interior point, namely,
and
, are given by continuous data with deterministic noises and by discrete data contaminated with random noises. We show that the problem is severely ill‐posed and further constructs an a posteriori optimal truncation regularization method for the deterministic data, and we also construct a nonparametric regularization for the discrete random data. Numerical examples show that the proposed method works well.
Bilinear optimal control of a one‐dimensional degenerate parabolic equation with a nonlocal term
Authors: Kenne Cyrille , Djomegne Landry , Larrouy James
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a one‐dimensional degenerate parabolic equation involving a multiplicative control with a nonlocal space term represented by an integral kernel is considered. After some well‐posedness results, we derive several properties of the control‐to‐state mapping. We establish the existence of at least one optimal control and derive the first and the second conditions for optimality, giving the local uniqueness of an optimal control. Finally, we prove that we may expect the global uniqueness of the optimal control under additional assumptions.
All‐optical Tera Hertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer‐based Memory at a data rate of 300 Gbps
Authors: Maji Kajal , Mukherjee Kousik , Mandal Mrinal Kanti
Published: April 2024

All‐optical memory units play an important role in the operation of an optical computer. In these communications, we have designed all‐optical single‐bit memory unit or latch using Tera Hertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer. The performance of single‐bit memory unit is evaluated and numerically simulated by MATLAB. We have numerically calculated the output extinction ratio (35.57 dB), contrast ratio (36.61 dB), and Q value (40.34) to analyze the memory or latch circuit. High values of extinction ratio, contrast ratio, and Q confirm the feasibility of the single‐bit memory unit.
Transversely isotropic effects on the coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical performance for layered saturated media
Authors: Zhao Yong Zhi , Shi Zhenming , Ai Zhi Yong
Published: April 2024

In this manuscript, a novel transformed differential quadrature solution to the coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) problem of layered transversely isotropic (TI) saturated media is proposed, accompanied by a sensitivity analysis of pertinent parameters. Initially, the THM governing equations that encompass the transverse isotropy characteristics of thermal, permeable, and mechanical properties are introduced. Subsequently, utilizing the transformed differential quadrature method (TDQM), the discretized algebraic equations in the transformed domain are derived. Boundary conditions related to stresses, displacements, and temperatures are defined leveraging integral transform techniques and the stress‐strain relationship, while algebraic equations for continuity conditions across adjacent layers are incorporated. The global matrix equation is assembled and solved. After verifying the proposed TDQM solution, a sensitivity analysis on the complex transversely isotropic parameters is conducted to identify the principal factors influencing THM coupling behaviors, thereby simplifying the parameters for discussion in practical engineering applications.
Impact of molybdenum disulfide diffused coir fiber on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of polyester composites
Authors: Pillai Unnikrishnan Thekkeparambil Gopalaswamy , Kavan Panneerselvam
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on comparing the properties of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) diffused coir fiber polyester composites (MCF‐PCs) with neat coir fiber polyester composites (NCF‐PCs) and exploring its applications in various industrial sectors such as automotive, construction and manufacturing, where mechanical strength and fire resistance are critical factors. The study aims to investigate the physical, mechanical, thermal degradation, fire performance, and vibration properties of these composites. Compression molding was used to develop composites with different coir fiber loadings (10%, 20%, and 30% by weight). MoS2 nanoparticles diffused on the fiber surface significantly improved mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, and fiber‐matrix compatibility. The findings indicate better crystallinity and physical properties in MCF‐PCs compared to NCF‐PCs. Morphological observations confirmed improved fiber‐matrix compatibility in MoS2‐diffused fiber composites with polyester. The MCF‐PC with 20% loading exhibited the highest tensile (28 ± 1.24 MPa), flexural (50 ± 0.50 MPa), and impact (15 ± 1.01 kJ/m2) strength. The flame retardancy of the composites was evaluated using a horizontal combustion test apparatus. In addition, MCF‐PCs exhibited better flame retardancy as evidenced by lower flame propagation velocity (9 ± 0.20 mm/min) and increased ignition time (13 ± 0.29 Sec). The MCF‐PC with 20% loading shows maximum natural frequencies of 77 ± 4.1 Hz.

Highlights

This study investigated MoS2‐diffused coir fiber‐reinforced polyester composites.

Fiber‐matrix adhesion can be improved with modified fiber‐reinforced composites.

The MoS2 diffusion on fibers improved the physical and mechanical properties of polyester composites.

The MoS2 diffusion on fibers enhanced the thermal and vibrational characteristics of polyester composites.

MoS2‐diffused natural fiber composites offer considerable research potential.
Longitudinal relations between bullying victimization and aggression: The multiple mediation effects of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts
Authors: Quan Fangying , Huang Jianjian , Li Honghan , Zhu Wenfeng
Published: April 2024

Bullying victimization is widely accepted to be associated with aggression. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. To examine the long‐term impact of bullying victimization on aggression, the present study tested the potential mediating effects of both anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts. A total of 809 undergraduates from four universities across China (74.80% female; Mage = 19.63 years, SD = 0.82 years) completed the survey on three occasions, with a 6‐month delay between Time 1 and Time 2 and a 1‐year interval between Time 2 and Time 3. A cross‐lagged model of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts was developed to test whether they predicted one another, and two structural models were constructed to test their mediating roles in bullying victimization and aggression. Findings indicated that anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts are mutually predictable; the correlation between bullying victimization and aggression is mediated independently by anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts, and the chain mediation of bullying victimization predicting aggression first through anger rumination and then through hostile automatic thinking was established. In addition, an alternative mediation model is also significant, with hostile automatic thoughts as the primary mediator and anger rumination as the secondary mediator. These results highlight the significance of anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts in the long‐term effects of bullying victimization on aggression. Interventions designed to reduce undergraduate students' anger rumination and hostile automatic thoughts may help reduce their aggression.
Genome‐wide characterization and expression analysis of GATA transcription factors under combination of light wavelengths and drought stress in potato
Authors: Aksoy Emre , Yavuz Caner , Yagiz Ayten Kübra , Unel Necdet Mehmet , Baloğlu Mehmet Cengiz
Published: April 2024

GATA is one of the prominent transcription factor families conserved among many organisms in eukaryotes and has different biological roles in many pathways, particularly in light regulation in plants. Although GATA transcription factors (TFs) have been identified in different crop species, their roles in abiotic stress tolerance have not been studied in potato. In this study, we identified 32 GATA TFs in potato (Solanum tuberosum) by in silico analyses, and expression levels of selected six genes were investigated in drought‐tolerant (Sante) and sensitive (Agria) cultivars under light, drought, and combined (light + drought) stress conditions. According to the phylogenetic results, StGATA TFs were divided into four main groups (I, II, III, and IV) and different sub‐groups in I and II (eight and five, respectively). StGATA genes were uniformly localized to each chromosome with a conserved exon/intron structure. The presence of cis‐elements within the StGATA family further supported the possible involvement in abiotic stress tolerance and light response, tissue‐specific expression, and hormonal regulation. Additional PPI investigations showed that these networks, especially for Groups I, II, and IV, play a significant role in response to light and drought stress. Six StGATAs were chosen from these groups for expressional profiling, and their expression in both Sante and Agria was mainly downregulated under purple and red lights, drought, and combined stress (blue + drought and purple + drought). The interactomes of selected StGATAs, StGATA3, StGATA24, and StGATA29 were analyzed, and the accessions with GATA motifs were checked for expression. The results showed that the target proteins, cyclin‐P3‐1, SPX domain‐containing protein 1, mitochondrial calcium uniporter protein 2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase YODA, and splicing factor 3 B subunit 4‐like, mainly play a role in phytochrome‐mediated stomatal patterning, development, and activity. Understanding the interactions between drought stress and the light response mechanisms in potato plants is essential. It will eventually be possible to enhance potato resilience to climate change by manipulating the TFs that play a role in these pathways.
Movement strategies during obstacle crossing in people with Parkinson disease: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Caparrós‐Manosalva Cristian , Espinoza Jessica , Caballero Paula M. , da Cunha Maira J. , Yang Feng , Galen Sujay , Pagnussat Aline S.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Navigating obstacles involves adjusting walking patterns, particularly when stepping over them. This task may be particularly challenging for people with Parkinson disease (PD) for several reasons. This review aims to compare the spatiotemporal gait parameters of people with and without PD while stepping over obstacles.

Literature Survey

A systematic literature search was conducted in six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, and SciELO) from inception to September 2023.

Methodology

Studies were selected that evaluated gait parameters of people with and without PD while walking over obstacles. Two independent researchers evaluated the eligibility and extracted gait parameters during obstacle crossing. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2‐tests. Random effects models were determined for effect sizes as standardized mean differences (SMD).

Synthesis

Twenty‐five studies were included in the review and 17 in the meta‐analysis. Most of the studies (58%) showed a low risk of bias. People with PD exhibit a shorter step when landing after crossing an obstacle (SMD = −0.50 [−0.69 to −0.31]). Compared to people without PD, people with PD also widen their support base (SMD = 0.27 [0.07–0.47]) and reduce gait velocity (SMD = −0.60 [−0.80 to −0.39]) when crossing the obstacle.

Conclusions

People with PD adopt a more conservative motor behavior during obstacle crossing than those without PD, with a shorter step length when landing after crossing an obstacle, greater step width and lower crossing speed.
Predictors of mortality and rehabilitation location in adults with prolonged coma following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Cassinat Joshua , Nygaard Joseph , Hoggard Collin , Hoffmann Michael
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, often resulting in prolonged coma and disordered consciousness. There are currently gaps in understanding the factors affecting rehabilitation location and outcome after TBI.

Objective

To identify the impact of demographics, comorbidities, and complications on discharge disposition in adults with prolonged coma following TBI.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospitals and trauma centers in the United States.

Participants

Patients 18 years of age or older with TBI and prolonged coma during the years 2008 to 2015.

Intervention

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures

Demographics, clinical injury data, comorbidities, and complications were collected, and odds ratios (ORs) and descriptive analysis were calculated for mortality, long‐term rehabilitation, and home discharge without services.

Results

A total of 6929 patients with TBI and prolonged coma were included in the final analysis; 3318 (47.9%) were discharged to rehabilitation facilities, 1859 (26.8%) died, and 1752 (25.3%) were discharged home. Older patients and those with higher injury severity scores had significantly higher ORs for mortality and rehab discharge. A total of 58.3% of patients presented with at least one comorbidity. Non‐White ethnicities and self‐pay/uninsured patients were significantly less likely to be discharged to a rehab facility. Furthermore, comorbidities including congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes were associated with a significantly increased OR for mortality and rehab discharge compared to home discharge without services.

Conclusions

Comorbidities, age, and injury severity were the most significant risk factors for increased mortality and acute rehab discharge. Maximizing the treatment of comorbidities including CHF and diabetes has the potential to decrease mortality and adverse outcomes following TBI with prolonged coma.
Clinical pharmacology and tolerability of REC‐994, a redox‐cycling nitroxide compound, in randomized phase 1 dose‐finding studies
Authors: Alfa Ron , Considine Timothy , Virani Shafique , Pfeiffer Matt , Donato Anthony , Dickerson Daniel , Shuster Diana , Ellis Joel , Rushton Kristen , Wei Helen , Gibson Christopher
Published: April 2024

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) has variable clinical symptoms, including potentially fatal hemorrhagic stroke. Treatment options are very limited, presenting a large unmet need. REC‐994 (also known as tempol), identified as a potential treatment through an unbiased drug discovery platform, is hypothesized to treat CCMs through a reduction in superoxide, a reactive oxygen species. We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of REC‐994 in healthy volunteers. Single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) studies were conducted in adult volunteers (ages 18–55). SAD study participants received an oral dose of REC‐994 or placebo. MAD study participants were randomized 3:1 to oral doses of REC‐994 or matching placebo, once daily for 10 days. Thirty‐two healthy volunteers participated in the SAD study and 52 in the MAD study. Systemic exposure increased in proportion to REC‐994 dose after single doses of 50–800 mg and after 10 days of dosing over the 16‐fold dose range of 50–800 mg. Median Tmax and mean t1/2 were independent of dose in both studies, and the solution formulation was more rapidly absorbed. REC‐994 was well tolerated. Treatment‐emergent adverse effects across both studies were mild and transient and resolved by the end of the study. REC‐994 has a favorable safety profile and was well tolerated in single and multiple doses up to 800 mg with no dose‐limiting adverse effects identified. Data support conducting a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with symptomatic CCM.
Development of Antifungal Packaging From Low‐Density Polyethylene With Essential Oil of Oregano and Potassium Sorbate
Authors: Martínez‐Tenorio Yanela , Ramírez‐Corona Nelly , Jiménez‐Munguía María Teresa , López‐Malo Aurelio , Mani‐López Emma
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were developed by adding 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/w) of Mexican oregano essential oil (OEO) or potassium sorbate (PS) as a positive antifungal control to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum, Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus niger in vitro. Three methods of adding OEO in LDPE were evaluated; the best OEO yield in film was achieved when OEO was incorporated after laminating (88%); otherwise, when added into cool‐melting resin, OEO lost up to 91.5% from LDPE and completely volatilized (>99%) when combined with the resin before melting. PS yields in LDPE film were > 88% when incorporated into cool‐melted resin. Antimicrobial films with 2.5% or 5.0% (w/w) OEO or PS delayed the growth of P. expansum and P. citrinum for up to 4–5 days, and for A. niger, only films with 5.0% of OEO retarded its growth for 5 days. The modified Gompertz model was used to describe mould growth response, obtaining the parameters A (maximum growth), μm (maximum growth rate) and λ (lag phase), which correctly fit the data. P. citrinum was the most sensitive mould, and A. niger was the most resistant to the tested antimicrobials. The addition of antimicrobial agents significantly (p < 0.05) impacted the physical and mechanical properties of the LDPE films, wherein thickness and puncture strength were increased, and the colour changed (reducing the transparency and promoting the yellowness). In contrast, the water vapour transmission rate was dropped only by incorporating PS.
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after thoracic radiation therapy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Maessen Gerdinique (G. C.) , Hoffman Thijs ( T. W.) , Graat‐Verboom Lidwien ( L.) , van Leersum Marc ( M.) , Mager Hans‐Jurgen ( J. J.)
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare cause of hemoptysis. Potential causes include trauma, infection, or medical interventions. There is a risk of rupture, which is associated with a high mortality rate. We describe a 72‐year‐old patient, with a past medical history of a lung carcinoma for which she was treated with chemoradiotherapy 6 years prior, who presented with hemoptysis. She was hemodynamically stable and there were no other complaints. CT angiography of the thorax showed a PAP originating from a branch of the right pulmonary artery in the previously irradiated area. The patient was successfully treated by an embolization with plugs. Treatment of lung carcinoma with chemoradiotherapy can result in the development of a PAP. Clinicians should be aware of this complication, even years after the therapy. In literature, only a few cases of PAP in patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer are described, with a maximum interval up to 7 years.
Achieving complete metabolic response in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with chemotherapy, nivolumab, ipilimumab, and salvage SBRT: A case report
Authors: Gamez Casado Salvador , Benitez Fuentes Javier David , Álvarez Rodríguez Beatriz , García Ledo Gema
Published: April 2024

Oncogene‐negative, PDL1‐negative metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents significant treatment challenges due to its complexity and resistance to conventional therapies. The case report presented addresses a 55‐year‐old male patient with oncogene‐negative, PDL1‐negative stage IV lung adenocarcinoma, showcasing an exceptional complete metabolic response to a multimodality treatment combining double immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chemotherapy, followed by salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). The patient underwent a treatment regimen incorporating two cycles of carboplatin, pemetrexed, nivolumab, and ipilimumab followed by nivolumab, and ipilimumab maintenance. After a partial response, SBRT was applied to persistent lesions, achieving a complete metabolic response. This case highlights the potential of combining dual ICI with chemotherapy and SBRT in treating oncogene‐negative, PDL1‐negative NSCLC underscoring the importance of multimodality treatment strategies.
Automatic pterygopalatine fossa segmentation and localisation based on DenseASPP
Authors: Wang Bing , Shi Weili
Published: April 2024

Background

Allergic rhinitis constitutes a widespread health concern, with traditional treatments often proving to be painful and ineffective. Acupuncture targeting the pterygopalatine fossa proves effective but is complicated due to the intricate nearby anatomy.

Methods

To enhance the safety and precision in targeting the pterygopalatine fossa, we introduce a deep learning‐based model to refine the segmentation of the pterygopalatine fossa. Our model expands the U‐Net framework with DenseASPP and integrates an attention mechanism for enhanced precision in the localisation and segmentation of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Results

The model achieves Dice Similarity Coefficient of 93.89% and 95% Hausdorff Distance of 2.53 mm with significant precision. Remarkably, it only uses 1.98 M parameters.

Conclusions

Our deep learning approach yields significant advancements in localising and segmenting the pterygopalatine fossa, providing a reliable basis for guiding pterygopalatine fossa‐assisted punctures.
WELL: Applying bug detectors to bug localization via weakly supervised learning
Authors: Zhang Huangzhao , Li Zhuo , Li Jia , Jin Zhi , Li Ge
Published: April 2024

Bug localization, which is used to help programmers identify the location of bugs in source code, is an essential task in software development. Researchers have already made efforts to harness the powerful deep learning (DL) techniques to automate it. However, training bug localization model is usually challenging because it requires a large quantity of data labeled with the bug's exact location, which is difficult and time‐consuming to collect. By contrast, obtaining bug detection data with binary labels of whether there is a bug in the source code is much simpler. This paper proposes a WEakly supervised bug LocaLization (WELL) method, which only uses the bug detection data with binary labels to train a bug localization model. With CodeBERT finetuned on the buggy‐or‐not binary labeled data, WELL can address bug localization in a weakly supervised manner. The evaluations on three method‐level synthetic datasets and one file‐level real‐world dataset show that WELL is significantly better than the existing state‐of‐the‐art model in typical bug localization tasks such as variable misuse and other bugs.
Lithium Ion Intercalation‐Induced Metal‐Insulator Transition in Inclined‐Standing Grown 2D Non‐Layered Cr2S3 Nanosheets
Authors: Hu Wanghua , Shen Jinbo , Wang Tao , Li Zishun , Xu Zhuokai , Lou Zhefeng , Qi Haoyu , Yan Junjie , Wang Jialu , Le Tian , Zheng Xiaorui , Lu Yunhao , Lin Xiao
Published: April 2024

Gate‐controlled ionic intercalation in the van der Waals gap of 2D layered materials can induce novel phases and unlock new properties. However, this strategy is often unsuitable for densely packed 2D non‐layered materials. The non‐layered rhombohedral Cr2S3 is an intrinsic heterodimensional superlattice with alternating layers of 2D CrS2 and 0D Cr1/3. Here an innovative chemical vapor deposition method is reported, utilizing strategically modified metal precursors to initiate entirely new seed layers, yields ultrathin inclined‐standing grown 2D Cr2S3 nanosheets with edge instead of face contact with substrate surfaces, enabling rapid all‐dry transfer to other substrates while ensuring high crystal quality. The unconventional ordered vacancy channels within the 0D Cr1/3 layers, as revealed by cross‐sectional scanning transmission electron microscope, permitting the insertion of Li+ ions. An unprecedented metal‐insulator transition, with a resistance modulation of up to six orders of magnitude at 300 K, is observed in Cr2S3‐based ionic field‐effect transistors. Theoretical calculations corroborate the metallization induced by Li‐ion intercalation. This work sheds light on the understanding of growth mechanism, structure‐property correlation and highlights the diverse potential applications of 2D non‐layered Cr2S3 superlattice.
Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects and Mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides
Authors: Yang Maohui , Chen Ruhai , Zhou Xin , Chen Huaguo
Published: April 2024

Polygonatum sibiricum is a medicinal and edible homologous plant of Polygonatum in Liliaceae, which contains many components, such as polysaccharides, proteins, alkaloids, lignans, and amino acids. A large number of studies have shown that Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide is the main active component of Polygonatum sibiricum, which has pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, immune regulation, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and so on. In this article, the research on bioactivity and mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in recent 10 years is summarized, and the effect of structure–activity relationship of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on the mechanism of action is discussed. The research and application prospect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in order is prospected to provide reference for the development of related drugs and healthy food.