bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing Customers Reactions on Social Media Promotional Campaigns
Authors: Saxena Anant , Chaturvedi K. R. , Rakesh Sapna
Published: April 2018

Nowadays, it is a general practice by all major firms to launch social media promotional campaigns/advertisements while launching their new products; however, no study has discussed the customer’s reactions on these social media promotional campaigns. In this study, we have analysed customer reactions on social media promotional campaigns launched by three major mobile phone companies selling their phones in India. The analysis has been done on 18,659 tweets by performing part of speech (POS) categorization-based thematic analysis, Harvard-IV lexicon-based sentiment analysis and social media index-based reach analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in customer’s reactions on different brands promotional campaigns; ranging from very high social media reach and customer engagement to low social media reach and no customer engagement. Based on its results, the study also proposes major recommendations for marketing managers who are in the process of creating social media promotional campaigns for new products.
Road to Home Program: A Performance Improvement Initiative to Increase Family and Nurse Satisfaction With the Discharge Education Process for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Wilson Smith Marsha Gail , Sachse Karen , Perry Margaret T.
Published: April 2018

Families of children, adolescents, and young adults with a new oncology diagnosis must absorb knowledge and skills needed to care for their child at home during a period of emergent hospitalizations and intense medical interventions. Effective nurse-led teaching and discharge planning begun at diagnosis can prepare families to safely care for their child following discharge, and be a source of satisfaction. The objective of this performance improvement initiative was to increase family and nurse satisfaction with new diagnosis education and discharge. Using standard performance improvement techniques, family and nursing stakeholder satisfaction with current processes was assessed. Working from established best practice and literature review; The Road to Home was designed and implemented. This novel, comprehensive program includes a visual, interactive display of required education based on the Children’s Oncology Group Family Handbook© and hospital specific discharge materials; standardized teaching, tools and documentation for nursing; and caregiver discharge tool kits. Stakeholder input guided improvement strategies throughout the phases of implementation. Sustained increases in family and nurse satisfaction resulted from each phase. The Road to Home program is established for all families of newly diagnosed oncology patients and is meeting goals of increased family and nurse satisfaction with discharge education.
Early Detection and Prevention of Osteoporosis Among Pre- and Postmenopausal Women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: John Cecily Helen Shaji
Published: April 2018

Osteoporosis is difficult to treat and is still incurable, and thus prevention is critically important. The aim of this study was to find out the high-risk women for osteoporosis and to correlate their bone mineral density (BMD) with their investigated risk factors. Cross-sectional design was used and it was conducted among 200 pre- and postmenopausal Saudi women. The study documented that postmenopausal females had high prevalence of osteopenia and majority of them had low serum calcium. Significant correlation was found between low BMD and family history of osteoporosis; increased BMD was seen in women, who consumed calcium-rich foods, exposure to sun light, and longer fertility period. Majority of the women 94.5% had inadequate knowledge on preventive measures of osteoporosis. The high prevalence of osteopenia in postmenopausal women indicates the ultimate importance of early intervention to prevent development of osteoporosis in later life.
Exploring the Medical and Psychosocial Concerns of Adolescents and Young Adults With Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Hamilton Kayla V. , Ormond Kelly E. , Moscarello Tia , Bruce Janine S. , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Chang Kay W. , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: April 2018

Objective:

This study explores the experiences of adolescents and young adults with craniofacial microsomia, including the impact of growing up with this craniofacial condition on daily life and sense of self. The results may guide future research on optimally supporting individuals with craniofacial microsomia during this critical life phase.

Design and Setting:

Participants were recruited through a craniofacial center, online patient support groups, and social media sites. Eleven individual semistructured interviews with participants between 12 and 22 years old were conducted by a single interviewer, transcribed, iteratively coded, and thematically analyzed.

Results:

Five themes were evident in the data: (1) impact on personal growth and character development, (2) negative psychosocial impact, (3) deciding to hide or reveal the condition, (4) desire to make personal surgical decisions, and (5) struggles with hearing loss.

Conclusions:

We identified both medical and psychosocial concerns prevalent among adolescents with craniofacial microsomia. Although adolescents with craniofacial microsomia exhibit considerable resilience, the challenges they face impact their sense of self and should be addressed through psychosocial support and counseling. Further research should investigate the potential benefit of the wider use of hearing aids, as well as the involvement of patients in decision-making about reconstructive ear surgery.
Rainbow coloured dots and rebellious old ladies: The gurlesque in two contemporary Swedish comic books
Authors: Österholm Maria Margareta
Published: April 2018

The term gurlesque refers to an aesthetics that mixes feminism, femininity, the grotesque and the cute. This article explores how contemporary Swedish feminist comic books do gurlesque theory with the aim of contributing to the theoretical conversation about feminine aesthetics and gurlesque. The study focuses on two contemporary Swedish comic books, Jag är din flickvän nu ( I Am Your Girlfriend Now) (2006) by Nina Hemmingsson and Allt kommer bli bra ( Everything Will Be Fine) (2013) by Lisa Ewald. The article views gurlesque as a queer aesthetics, as a form of wilful misinterpretation and taunting of perceptions of femininity. The word gurlesque draws from the word ‘girl’, and questions the connection between girlhood and young age from a queer perspective. Although the gurlesque is rooted in images of girlhood, it has the potential to grasp femininities of all ages.
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging for peripheral artery disease
Authors: Mathew Roshin C , Kramer Christopher M
Published: April 2018

The global burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is significant. This has led to numerous recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in PAD. Older techniques such as time of flight MRI or phase contrast MRI are burdened by long acquisition times and significant issues with artifacts. In addition, the most used MRI modality, contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) is limited by the use of gadolinium contrast and its potential toxicity. Novel MRI techniques such as arterial spin labeling (ASL), blood-oxygen-level dependent imaging (BOLD), and first-pass perfusion gadolinium enhancement are advancing the field by providing skeletal muscle perfusion/oxygenation data while maintaining excellent spatial and temporal resolution. Perfusion data can be critical to providing objective clinical data of a visualized stenosis. In addition, there are a number of new MRI sequences assessing plaque composition and lesion severity in the absence of contrast. These approaches used in combination can provide useful clinical and prognostic data and provide critical endpoints in PAD research.
Experimental testing of the in-plane behavior of bearing modern rammed earth walls
Authors: Zhou Tiegang , Liu Bo , Zhao Xiang , Mu Jun
Published: April 2018

With the introduction of the modern rammed earth technique, a large number of modern rammed earth buildings were constructed in China Mainland. China has a vast territory, which faces the Circum-Pacific seismic belt on the east and the Eurasian seismic belt on the south; earthquake has constantly threatened the safety of people’s lives and property. Consequently, it is necessary to probe in the seismic performance of rammed earth buildings. Two un-stabilized rammed earth specimens, one un-stabilized rammed earth reinforced with geogrid sheets’ specimens, and four stabilized rammed earth specimens were built for obtaining a better insight on the behavior of un-stabilized rammed earth/stabilized rammed earth walls under cyclic in-plane loads. Testing results are discussed in terms of failure mode, shear capacity, hysteretic curve, stiffness degradation, and total energy dissipation to provide comparisons of the seismic performance between un-stabilized rammed earth and stabilized rammed earth specimens. Different failure modes indicated that the cohesion between particles and the bond strength between layers are the two key parameters for the shear capacity of rammed earth buildings. It is also demonstrated that stabilized rammed earth specimens have higher shear and energy dissipation capacity but weaker deformation capacity than un-stabilized rammed earth.
mHealth applications as an educational and supportive resource for family carers of people with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Rathnayake Sarath , Moyle Wendy , Jones Cindy , Calleja Pauline
Published: April 2018

Family carers encounter several challenges related to caring for people with dementia, and they need support in managing care recipients’ health needs. This study aims to identify, appraise and synthesise the existing evidence on the use of mHealth/smartphone applications as an educational and supportive resource for family carers of people with dementia. An integrative literature review approach was used. Seven databases were searched. The search generated 117 articles, with seven meeting the inclusion criteria. Three categories and their attendant sub-categories emerged from the literature. The categories are ‘carer support’, ‘evaluation strategies’ and ‘barriers and challenges’. mHealth applications appear to be a feasible intervention for family carers of people with dementia despite the limited available research and barriers for their development and implementation. Further research on mHealth applications with strong methodological rigour and more research on mHealth applications as an educational and supportive resource for carers of people with dementia are needed.
Understanding of International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Authorship Criteria Among Faculty Members of Pharmacy and Other Health Sciences in Jordan
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y. , Al-Delaimy Wael K.
Published: April 2018

Authorship represents a critical element of scientific research. This study evaluated the perceptions, attitudes, and practices of Jordanian researchers toward the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) authorship criteria. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to health sciences faculty ( n = 986), with 272 participants completing the questionnaire. Only 27.2% reported awareness of ICMJE guidelines, yet, 76.8% agreed that all ICMJE criteria must be met for authorship, and 55.9% believed that it is easy to apply the guidelines. Unethical authorship practices were reported by 16.5% to 31.3% of participants. A majority (73%) agreed that violation of authorship criteria is scientific misconduct. Well-defined criteria for authorship need to be disseminated and emphasized in less developed countries through training to avoid authorship disputes and unethical conduct.
Experimental verification and characteristics analysis of dynamic floor radiant cooling load
Authors: Lv Liugen , Luo Yiying , Huang Chen , Chen Jianchang , Li Li , Bai Tianyu
Published: April 2018

On account of radiant time factors method, this article presents a computed way of floor radiant cooling loads using radiant time factor procedure program to compute floor radiant time factors and to get floor radiant heat gains by test data collected within 24 h, then dynamic floor radiant cooling loads could be acquired by matrix operations. Five experimental conditions are selected to validate the calculated results. The experimental results indicate that the crest value errors between room-cooling loads and separating cooling loads about each condition are among the range −3.2% to 4.7%, and the mean value errors are less than 6.1%. The floor radiant cooling loads decrease and delay according to the changes of floor radiant heat gains. Crest value errors between measurement cooling loads and calculation cooling loads are among the range −1.8% to 2.3%, and the mean value errors are not more than 3.2%. Taking radiant time factor procedure program to compute corresponding building room floor radiant time factors with three types of building envelope, floor radiant cooling loads’ characteristics would be obtained under two conditions such as different radiant time factors and different radiant heat gains. So the room floor radiant time factors are calculated by radiant time factor procedure program, and building room floor radiant cooling loads can be computed.
Relative posture-based kinematic calibration of a 6-RSS parallel robot by optical coordinate measurement machine
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Zeng Rui , Xie Wenfang , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: April 2018

In this article, a relative posture-based algorithm is proposed to solve the kinematic calibration problem of a 6-RSS parallel robot using the optical coordinate measurement machine system. In the research, the relative posture of robot is estimated using the detected pose with respect to the sensor frame through several reflectors which are fixed on the robot end-effector. Based on the relative posture, a calibration algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal error parameters of the robot kinematic model and external parameters introduced by the optical sensor. This method considers both the position and orientation variations and does not need the accurate location information of the detection sensor. The simulation results validate the superiority of the algorithm by comparing with the classic implicit calibration method. And the experimental results demonstrate that the proposal relative posture-based algorithm using optical coordinate measurement machine is an implementable and effective method for the parallel robot calibration.
Perioperative anaesthetic adverse events in Thailand (PAAd THAI) study: Incident report of perioperative convulsion
Authors: Eiamcharoenwit Jatuporn , Akavipat Phuping , Ariyanuchitkul Thidarat , Wirachpisit Nichawan , Pulnitiporn Aksorn , Pongraweewan Orawan
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of perioperative convulsion and to suggest possible correcting strategies. The multi-centre study was conducted prospectively in 22 hospitals across Thailand in 2015. The occurrences of perioperative adverse events were collected. The data was collated by site manager and forwarded to the data management unit. All perioperative convulsion incidences were enrolled and analysed. The consensus was documented for the relevant factors and the corrective strategies. Descriptive statistics were used. From 2,000 incident reports, perioperative convulsions were found in 16 patients. Six episodes (37.5%) were related to anaesthesia, 31.3% to patients, 18.8% to surgery, and 12.5% to systemic processes. The contributing factor was an inexperienced anaesthesia performer (25%), while the corrective strategy was improvements to supervision (43.8%). Incidents of perioperative convulsion were found to be higher than during the last decade. The initiation and maintenance of safe anaesthesia should be continued.
Examination of the Origin and Branching Direction of the Anterior Medial Malleolar Artery From the Anterior Tibial Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Tonogai Ichiro , Hayashi Fumio , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi
Published: April 2018

Background. This study characterized the anterior medial malleolar artery (AMMA) branching from the anterior tibial artery (ATA) to identify problems in anterior ankle arthroscopy possibly contributing to injury to the AMMA. Methods. Barium was injected into 12 adult cadaveric feet via the external iliac artery and the origin and branching direction of the AMMA were identified on computed tomography. Results. The AMMA originated from the level of the ankle joint and below and above the ankle joint line (AJL) in 4 (33.3%), 6 (50.0%), and 1 (8.3%) specimen, respectively. Mean distance from the AJL to the branching point of the AMMA on the sagittal plane was 2.5 mm distal to the AJL. Mean angle between the distal longitudinal axis of the ATA and AMMA was 83.2°. Conclusions. This study established the origin and branching of the AMMA from the ATA. The AMMA should be examined carefully during ankle arthroscopy.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Cadaveric study
Playfulness, parody, and carnival: Catchphrases and mood on the Chinese Internet from 2003 to 2015
Authors: Guo Mengjun
Published: April 2018

The study examines the patterns and conditions of catchphrases on the Chinese Internet from 2003 to 2015 and their social, political, and cultural implications. Through investigating online catchphrases from a critical-historical perspective, the study develops a refined typology that reveals the patterns underlying online catchphrases, such as (1) the tendency of labeling, (2) the tendency of framing, (3) the tendency of violence, and (4) the tendency of emptying-out. These trends are roughly threaded by a transition of discursive genres—playfulness, parody, and carnival. The findings suggest that the functions of online popular communication shift from social criticism to identity formation. It reflects social transformations in a period that witnessed ideologies gradually losing grip and the growing nihilism in value systems in China.
Maximizing School Counselors’ Efforts by Implementing School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: A Case Study from the Field
Authors: Goodman-Scott Emily
Published: April 2018

School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) are school-wide, data-driven frameworks for promoting safe schools and student learning. This article explains PBIS and provides practical examples of PBIS implementation by describing a school counselor-run PBIS framework in one elementary school, as part of a larger, district-wide initiative. The author discusses implications for school counselors, including maximizing school counselors’ efforts to best serve every student by integrating PBIS into existing school counseling programs.
School Counselors’ Roles in Creating and Implementing Social Stories to Serve Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Goodman-Scott Emily , Carlisle Robert
Published: April 2018

The percentage of students educationally identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is on the rise and school counselors are called to serve this population. Social stories are recommended in the educational literature to address the social and behavioral challenges of students with ASD, but a need exists to examine social stories within the context of school counseling. In this article, the authors provide a case study of a school counselor-facilitated social story using an action research framework in order to illustrate the creation, implementation, and impact of social stories.
Supporting Interethnic and Interracial Friendships among Youth to Reduce Prejudice and Racism in Schools: The Role of the School Counselor
Authors: Pica-Smith Cinzia , Poynton Timothy A.
Published: April 2018

Supporting interethnic and interracial friendships in schools among children and adolescents is an important part of a progressive educational agenda informed in equity, social justice frameworks, and critical multicultural education that leads to a reduction in racial prejudice. Positive intergroup contact is a necessary condition in prejudice reduction and the development of positive racial attitudes among ethnically and racially diverse groups of children and adolescents. School counseling initiatives focused on promoting interethnic and interracial friendships can have significant individual and systemic consequences such as: improving social, emotional, and cultural competence among youth; prejudice reduction; and the creation of equitable educational spaces informed in multicultural and social justice worldviews.
The Achieving Success Everyday Group Counseling Model: Fostering Resiliency in Middle School Students
Authors: Rose Joy , Steen Sam
Published: April 2018

This article discusses a group counseling intervention used to develop and foster resiliency in middle school students by implementing the Achieving Success Everyday (ASE) group counseling model. The authors aimed to discover what impact this group counseling intervention, which focused on resiliency characteristics, would have on students’ academic and personal-social success. To evaluate this, the authors used both qualitative and quantitative data. The results showed that some students achieved an increase in their GPA and personal-social functioning following the intervention. The article presents implications for practice and ideas for future research.
The Journey from Counselor-in-Training to Practitioner Researcher
Authors: Young Anita , Gonzales Ileana , Owen Laura , Heltzer Joselyn Vale
Published: April 2018

School counselor preparation necessitates that new counselors are trained to build a comprehensive school counseling program, which means understanding how to use data to develop, implement, and evaluate their interventions. In spite of their school counseling training, first-year school counselors may feel unprepared to use data and lack the experiential accountability skills and advocacy resources to impact systemic student outcomes. This article describes an action research training model for prospective school counselors and proposes that early and frequent exposure to data-driven decision making closes the gap to practitioner research.
Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle of Old Sedentary People
Authors: Mosole Simone , Zampieri Sandra , Furlan Sandra , Carraro Ugo , Löefler Stefan , Kern Helmut , Volpe Pompeo , Nori Alessandra
Published: April 2018

Physical activity plays an important role in preventing muscle atrophy and chronic diseases in adults and in the elderly. Calcium (Ca2+) cycling and activation of specific molecular pathways are essential in contraction-induced muscle adaptation. This study attains human muscle sections and total homogenates prepared from biopsies obtained before (control) and after 9 weeks of training by electrical stimulation (ES) on a group of volunteers. The aim of the study was to investigate about the molecular mechanisms that support functional muscle improvement by ES. Evidences of kinase/phosphatase pathways activation after ES were obtained. Moreover, expression of Sarcalumenin, Calsequestrin and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Serca) isoforms was regulated by training. In conclusion, this work shows that neuromuscular ES applied to vastus lateralis muscle of sedentary seniors combines fiber remodeling with activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin molecular pathways and modulation of key Ca2+-handling proteins.
Practice to Research: Rapport as Key to Creating an Effective Learning Environment
Authors: Burke-Smalley Lisa A.
Published: April 2018

Rapport is an instructional variable that is “tricky to understand,” which is perhaps the reason why it is understudied in the extant literature. Certainly, essays, tip lists, and effective teaching mantras often claim rapport as vital to the instructional context, but that is typically the extent of most examinations, particularly in management education. In this practice-to-research article, my experiences are integrated with the limited published evidence surrounding rapport, and research propositions are offered to inform future business education studies.
PDGF-A signaling is required for secondary alveolar septation and controls epithelial proliferation in the developing lung
Authors: Gouveia Leonor , Betsholtz Christer , Andrae Johanna
Published: April 2018

Platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) signaling through PDGF receptor α is essential for alveogenesis. Previous studies have shown that Pdgfa−/− mouse lungs have enlarged alveolar airspace with absence of secondary septation, both distinctive features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. To study how PDGF-A signaling is involved in alveogenesis, we generated lung-specific Pdgfa knockout mice (Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre) and characterized their phenotype postnatally. Histological differences between mutant mice and littermate controls were visible after the onset of alveogenesis and maintained until adulthood. Additionally, we generated Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre; PdgfraGFP/+ mice in which Pdgfra+ cells exhibit nuclear GFP expression. In the absence of PDGF-A, the number of PdgfraGFP+ cells was significantly decreased. In addition, proliferation of PdgfraGFP+ cells was reduced. During alveogenesis, PdgfraGFP+ myofibroblasts failed to form the α-smooth muscle actin rings necessary for alveolar secondary septation. These results indicate that PDGF-A signaling is involved in myofibroblast proliferation and migration. In addition, we show an increase in both the number and proliferation of alveolar type II cells in Pdgfafl/−; Spc-cre lungs, suggesting that the increased alveolar airspace is not caused solely by deficient myofibroblast function.
Cues for cavity nesters: investigating relevant zeitgebers for emerging leafcutting bees, Megachile rotundata
Authors: Bennett Meghan M. , Rinehart Joseph P. , Yocum George D. , Doetkott Curt , Greenlee Kendra J.
Published: April 2018

Photoperiod is considered the universal zeitgeber, regulating physiological processes in numerous animals. However, for animals in light-restricted habitats (e.g. burrows or cavities), thermoperiod may be a more important cue. Our study tested this hypothesis in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, which nests in cavities and undergoes development within a brood cell. We assessed the role of environmental cues (thermoperiod and photoperiod) on the process of adult emergence by examining: 1) if those cues direct circadian rhythms, 2) which cue is more dominant, and 3) how sensitive developing bees and emergence-ready adults are to cues. Although we found that 20% of light penetrates the brood cell, and bees respond to photoperiod by synchronizing emergence, thermoperiod is the dominant cue. When presented with a conflicting zeitgeber, bees entrained to the thermophase instead of the photophase. When temperature cues were removed, we observed free-running of emergence, indicating that underlying circadian mechanisms can be synchronized by daily fluctuations in temperature. We also found that emerging bees were highly sensitive to even small increases in temperature, entraining to a ramp speed of 0.33°C/hour. The response and sensitivity to temperature cues suggest that M. rotundata evolved a temperature-mediated clock to mediate emergence from light-restricted cavities.
Formation of Mathematical Concepts by Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Чиркова Н. , Chirkova N. , Павлова О. , Pavlova O.
Published: April 2018

The article considers the problem of formation of the conceptual and terminological framework of younger schoolchildren in the process of acquiring knowledge of mathematical content. The article reveals the logical framework of concepts as forms of thinking. The authors substantiate the possibility of controlling the process of mastering concepts, shaping them with desired qualities through the stages of formation of concepts. The contents of the learning activities of students at each stage on the example of the concept “equation” are sescribed.
Differentiation of delirium, dementia and delirium superimposed on dementia in the older person
Authors: Brooke Joanne
Published: April 2018

Delirium is an acute clinical emergency that requires prompt clinical intervention. A predisposing factor for delirium is dementia, and delirium may highlight the vulnerability of a patient to developing dementia. However, delirium also occurs during an acute illness in patients diagnosed with dementia; this is classified as delirium superimposed on dementia. This complex interplay of both dementia syndromes and the condition of delirium has been extensively studied. However, delirium continues to be under-recognised in the acute setting, which impacts negatively on patient outcomes. Nurses are the health professionals best placed to recognise a change in a patient's cognitive symptoms, but nurses caring for the older person have suggested the identification of and differentiation between delirium, dementia and delirium superimposed on dementia remains very confusing. A need for further education with supportive guidelines and protocols is required to empower nurses caring for an older person to verbalise changes in patients' cognitive status in a reliable, robust and systematic manner.
Supporting self-management of asthma through patient education
Authors: Murray Bridget , O'Neill Mary
Published: April 2018

Asthma affects people worldwide. In developed countries 1 in 12 individuals suffer from asthma, while in Ireland this ratio is closer to 1 in 10. Managing asthma symptoms and triggers reduces the potential exacerbation of asthmatic attacks. This article identifies the importance of asthma management, triggers, inhaler techniques and self-management for optimal health. Education by nurses and health professionals can make a significant contribution to asthma care and self-management. The purpose of patient education for self-management of asthma is twofold: to raise awareness of effective inhaler technique and to support self-management of asthma triggers for health and symptom control.
Is the duty of candour under threat?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: April 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, University of Southampton, dissects the case of paediatrician Dr Hadiza Bawa-Garba and registered nurse Isabel Amaro, and how their convictions might affect the duty of candour legislation
New beginnings
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: April 2018

Kickstart the year with some fresh approaches to the oral health of some of your more vulnerable patients, says Julie Bissett
How to say sorry
Authors: Dawson Trudie
Published: April 2018

Trudie Dawson considers the art of conflict resolution management
Colleagues, communication and your practice culture
Authors: Fowler John
Published: April 2018

In the first article of a new series on the importance of good relationships, John Fowler explores the dynamics that make a successful, working dental team
Pregnancy – a happy but hormonal time!
Authors: Wake Charlotte
Published: April 2018

There is no greater joy or miracle than the creation of a life. But what does this milestone event mean for mum's oral health? Here, Charlotte Wake plays stork and delivers a bundle of information
Managing medical emergencies
Authors: Watson Helen
Published: April 2018

Helen Watson explains how to use the ABCDE approach in the dental practice
Overcoming dental phobia
Authors: Bissett Gaby
Published: April 2018

Dentist Dr Mervyn Druian and dental nurse Nina Tetra talk Gaby Bissett through a system that has revolutionised the way they treat nervous patients in their practice
An overview of the circulatory system
Authors: Male Emma
Published: April 2018

Emma Male explores the function and components of the circulatory system – the London underground service to the human body
Is your patient information safe?
Authors: Sharma Priya
Published: April 2018

All dental professionals have an obligation to respect a patient's confidentiality. Priya Sharma explains
Separators: a review of uses and limitations
Authors: Patel Devaki , Mubeen Suhaym , Taylor Nigel
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Orthodontic separators (commonly known as spacers) are elastomeric or metal auxiliary appliances, which are often used in Orthodontics to create space between teeth and allow fitting of an orthodontic band. Separators can also be used to create space for other reasons such as to facilitate interdental reduction. This paper describes common uses and a variety of other purposes that can be achieved with the separator including: management of ectopic teeth; the creation of attachments on teeth; uprighting molars and detection of cavitated carious lesions. Separators have many benefits, however, they can cause discomfort and also periodontal problems if they remain dislodged beneath the contact point.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic separators can be used for a variety of clinical situations by both Orthodontists and General Dental Practitioners alike as a useful adjunct in the dental armamentarium.
Nemaline myopathy and severe dentofacial deformity − a case report
Authors: Deans Jamie , Durning Peter
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Nemaline myopathy is one of the congenital muscular weakness disorders that are associated with dentofacial deformity and malocclusion. This case report describes the clinical and radiographic features of an individual with a severe form of the disease. A review of the published literature surrounding the condition helped us understand more about the aetiology of the condition and the various medical complications that are associated with it. It is hoped that this case report and our discussion will help the future management of other cases that present with a congenital myopathy or similar condition.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Muscular weakness disorders can cause severe dentofacial deformity and malocclusions. The orthodontist must understand the aetiology of the malocclusion and associated dentofacial deformity in order to offer effective management. All the clinical team needs to understand the underlying disease process and its prognosis for the patient and any treatment options considered.
A concealed central giant cell granuloma and its combined orthodontic and surgical management
Authors: Beech Andrea N , Farrier Jeremy N
Published: April 2018

Abstract: Central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) can be aggressive lesions that lead to bony expansion, tooth displacement and root resorption. Often noticed by a patient when small to moderate in size, we present a case of large CGCG that was undetected in a 13-year-old due to ongoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Subsequently, her fixed appliance was vital in maintaining the rigid fixation of her teeth during surgical management and postoperative healing.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An orthodontist is in an ideal position to identify oral medical conditions, especially rapidly growing ones, due to their more regular contact with patients.
Make NHS 70 a celebration to remember
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: April 2018

Clear your desk and cancel all leave – there's going to be a party. Healthcare providers across the land are encouraged to celebrate 70 years of the NHS and Dave Hancock looks at how you can join in
Equality and the right stuff
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: April 2018

As someone who has sat on selection panels for senior management posts in the NHS, Steve Ainsworth is often asked what sort of person we are looking for. How do we ensure equality? Who has the right stuff?
Making tax digital: Which software?
Authors: Taylor Keith
Published: April 2018

Keith Taylor looks at the accounting software packages available to help you submit your Making Tax Digital return before the April 2019 deadline
Reflectance Spectroscopy of Organic Matter in Sedimentary Rocks at Mid-Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Kaplan H. H. , Milliken R. E.
Published: April 2018

Reflectance spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive technique capable of characterizing mineral and organic components within geologic materials at spatial scales that range from μm to km. The degree to which reflectance spectra can be used to provide quantitative information about organic compounds remains poorly understood, particularly for rocks with low organic content that are common in the Earth’s ancient rock record and that may be present on other planetary bodies, such as Mars. In the present study, reflectance spectra (0.35–25 μm) were acquired for a suite of Proterozoic shales and the kerogen was isolated to assess how spectral properties of aliphatic and aromatic C-H absorption bands can be used to predict organic matter abundance (total organic content, TOC, and H/C ratio). A number of spectral parameters were evaluated for organic absorption bands observed in the 3–4 μm wavelength region for comparison with independently measured TOC and H/C values. Ratios of the strengths of aliphatic to aromatic absorption bands were directly correlated to H/C values, but the reflectance spectra for pure kerogens with H/C < 0.2 lacked clear evidence for C-H absorption bands in this spectral region. Organic absorption bands are routinely observed for bulk rock powders with >1 wt.% TOC, but the detection limits of reflectance spectra for TOC may be <1 wt.% or as high as 10 wt.%. Organic detection limits for reflectance spectra are, thus, controlled by both TOC and H/C values, but these parameters can be predicted for clay-rich, kerogen-dominated samples for a range of values that are relevant to drill cores, outcrops, meteorites, and planetary surfaces.
Before Ghibli was Ghibli: Analysing the historical discourses surrounding Hayao Miyazaki’s Castle in the Sky (1986)
Authors: Denison Rayna
Published: April 2018

While Studio Ghibli may have become Japan’s most important and successful animation studio, its early significance is far more debatable in relation to the success of its films. Normally viewed from the present moment, Studio Ghibli’s brand significance is unmistakable, having become a producer of world renowned animation, and a distribution label for its own animated hit films and other high-profile animation in Japan. To challenge this perception of Ghibli’s brand significance, this article revisits the early history of Studio Ghibli in order to examine the discourses around the formation of the studio. Using Studio Ghibli’s first official film release, Tenkū no shiro Lapyuta (Castle in the Sky) (Miyazaki, 1986) as a case study, this article argues for a corrective analysis of the importance of Studio Ghibli to animator Hayao Miyazaki’s first ‘Ghibli’ film. The article demonstrates that throughout this release, there was a tension between art and industry that would become the hallmark of Ghibli’s style, but that the company itself may have had little to do with that brand’s early conception.
Análise do Processo Inovativo em Pequena Empresa: Estudo de Caso a Partir do Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação
Authors: Costa Silva Leisianny Mayara , Bezerra Ribeiro Ana Regina , Frascaroli Bruno Ferreira , De Moraes Filho Rodolfo Araújo
Published: April 2018

O processo de “destruição criativa”, popularizado por Schumpeter, tornou a inovação um elemento propulsor do desenvolvimento econômico. No que se refere às empresas de pequeno porte frente ao dinamismo econômico, a inovação tem surgido como forma de manutenção, crescimento e destaque no mercado. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o processo inovativo de uma pequena empresa a partir de sua inserção no Programa Agentes Locais de Inovação (ALI) no estado da Paraíba. A proposta metodológica é de estudo de caso com abordagem mista. A escolha do sujeito da pesquisa foi intencional por tratar-se de uma empresa que alcançou mais ciclos ao longo da vigência do programa. O instrumento para coleta de dados foi o diagnóstico fornecido pelo Radar da Inovação, complementado por meio da observação direta intensiva e extensiva. As proposituras encontradas na pesquisa emergem para um avanço significativo do grau de inovação ao longo dos ciclos, ocasionado principalmente pela influência do processo de aprendizagem e liderança. As dimensões de maior destaque foram Rede e Organização. O processo inovativo foi significativo em inovações incrementais com uso de recursos humanos, financeiros e práticos. Também foi possível identificar a existência dos fatores incerteza, orientação, visão estratégica e cultura da inovação ao longo do processo de introdução e implementação das inovações. Por fim, as implicações contributivas deste estudo apontam para o fortalecimento da literatura acadêmica, no que se refere à relação entre inovação e desempenho empresarial das pequenas empresas.
Bisphenol A Down-Regulates The mRNA Expression of Steroidogenic Genes and Induces Histopathological Changes in Testes Of Rats
Authors: Marghani Basma H , Ateya Ahmed I , Saleh Rasha M , Halawa Amal A , Eltaysh Rasha A , Awadin Walaa F , Elseady Youssef Y
Published: April 2018

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with a weak estrogenic effect used in industry as a component of food cans. We aimed to study the toxic effects of BPA on mRNA expression of steroidogenic genes and testicular structure in mature male rats. Animals were divided into 3 groups: vehicle control rats as first group, while second group received 10 µg/kg BW and third group received BPA 15 µg/kg BW orally every alternate day for a period of 105 successive days. Serum testosterone level, mRNA expression of genes related to steroid synthesis, histopathological examination, spermatogenesis index and number of Leydig cells were evaluated in this study. Lower serum hormone levels were observed in both BPA-treated groups as compared to the control group. The gene expression patterns of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 17a(CYP17a) and 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were significantly down-regulated in BPA-treated rats compared to control group. Meanwhile, the expression of aromatase (CYP19) and lutinizing hormone receptor (LHR) was significantly up-regulated. Histopathological lesions were observed in the testes and epididymis of BPA-treated rats. Spermatogenesis index and the number of Leydig cells were significantly decreased in BPA-treated groups compared with the control group. This study highlights negative effect of BPA on steroidogenic genes and testicular structure in male rats.
Analysis of gene expression in filamentous cells of Candida albicans grown on agar plates
Authors: E. Creger Paul , R. Blankenship Jill
Published: April 2018

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a commensal organism of the human gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. C. albicans is also a major human pathogen, causing disease ranging from cutaneous infections to lethal systemic disease. The ability of this fungus to switch between yeast and filamentous forms of growth has long been linked to its pathogenesis. Filamentation can be induced by a variety of distinct environmental cues and can occur in either liquid or solid media. While some evidence suggests that there are differences between filamentation in solid and liquid media, gene expression analysis of filamentation in C. albicans has focused strictly on cells grown in liquid media. We have developed a method for analyzing gene expression of filamentous cells grown on solid induction media at early stages of filamentation, establishing cell plating densities, ideal collection times, and collection techniques. We have also demonstrated the utility of the approach not only in qRT-PCR assays, but high-throughput RNAseq assays as well. These assays will allow for comparison studies of C. albicans filamentation initiation in solid and liquid media.
Streamlined preparation of genomic DNA in agarose plugs for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Authors: Hicks Linda , M. van der Graa Charlotte , Childress Jacob , Cook Emily , Schmidt Karen , Rosenzweig Frank , Kroll Eugene
Published: April 2018

Genome analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been used in applications ranging from typing bacterial strains to radiobiology to cancer research. While methods for running PFGE have been significantly improved since its invention, the method for preparing chromosomal DNA itself has remained essentially unchanged. This limits the applicability of PFGE, especially when analyses require many samples. We have streamlined sample preparation for routine applications of PFGE through the use of deep-well 48-well plates. Besides saving time, our protocol has the added advantage of reducing the volume of expensive reagents. Our improved protocol enables us to reduce throughput time and simplify the procedure, facilitating wider application of PFGE-based analyses in the laboratory.
A modified rat model of hindlimb ischemia for augmentation and functional measurement of arteriogenesis
Authors: M. McEnaney Ryan , McCreary Dylan , Tzeng Edith
Published: April 2018

Arteriogenesis (collateral artery development) is an adaptive pathway critical for salvage of tissue in the setting of arterial occlusion. Rodent models of arteriogenesis typically involve an experimental occlusion (ligation) of a hindlimb artery and then rely on indirect measures such as laser Doppler perfusion imaging to assess blood flow recovery. Unfortunately, the more commonly utilized measures of distal tissue perfusion at rest are unable to account for hemodynamic and vasoactive variables and thus provide an incomplete assessment of collateral network capacity. We provide a detailed description of modifications to the commonly used model of femoral artery ligation. These serve to alter and then directly assess collateral network’s hemodynamic capacity. By incorporating an arteriovenous fistula distal to the arterial ligation, arterial growth is maximized. Hindlimb perfusion may be isolated to measure minimum resistance of flow around the arterial occlusion, which provides a direct measure of collateral network capacity. Our results reinforce that arteriogenesis is driven by hemodynamic variables, and it can be reliably augmented and measured in absolute terms. Using these modifications to a widely used model, functional arteriogenesis may be more directly studied.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Stimulates Energy Metabolism in Developing Cortical Neurons
Authors: Burkhalter Julia , Fiumelli Hubert , Allaman Igor , Chatton Jean-Yves , Martin Jean-Luc
Published: April 2018

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes the biochemical and morphological differentiation of selective populations of neurons during development. In this study we examined the energy requirements associated with the effects of BDNF on neuronal differentiation. Because glucose is the preferred energy substrate in the brain, the effect of BDNF on glucose utilization was investigated in developing cortical neurons via biochemical and imaging studies. Results revealed that BDNF increases glucose utilization and the expression of the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3. Stimulation of glucose utilization by BDNF was shown to result from the activation of Na+/K+-ATPase via an increase in Na+influx that is mediated, at least in part, by the stimulation of Na+-dependent amino acid transport. The increased Na+-dependent amino acid uptake by BDNF is followed by an enhancement of overall protein synthesis associated with the differentiation of cortical neurons. Together, these data demonstrate the ability of BDNF to stimulate glucose utilization in response to an enhanced energy demand resulting from increases in amino acid uptake and protein synthesis associated with the promotion of neuronal differentiation by BDNF.