bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corridor Health Survey, of the Upper Lachlan Catchment, Central West, New South Wales.
Authors: Massey C.
Published: December 2020

A major survey of stream corridor health was undertaken in the upper Lachlan Catchment. The survey provides a benchmark assessment of the riverine environment condition. The following attributes were examined: reach environments, channel habitat, cross-section analysis, bank condition and composition, bed and bar condition, riparian vegetation (presence and structure), aquatic habitat analysis, scenic, recreational and conservation values. This paper outlines some of the prelimin~ results related to the assessment of riverine vegetation in this catchment an area of approximately 35 000 km. The survey found that 77% of the riparian vegetation was highly degraded, 10% in poor condition, 4% moderate and 3% in good condition. Six percent of the upper catchment's riparian vegetation was in pristine condition, mostly confined to tributaries of the Abercrombie River. The average width of the riparian zone in the Upper Lachlan Catchment is 12.2 m. This approximates to one or possibly two mature tree widths (species dependant). Trees are generally confined to the banks of water courses and there is very little diversity, structural or species, in the shrub and ground cover understorey. Some implications for platypus conservation are discussed.
Mammals from Holocene Archaeological Deposits on Gebe and Morotai Islands, Northern Moluccas, Indonesia.
Authors: Flannery T.F. , Bellwood P. , White J.P. , Ennis T. , Irwin G. , Schubert K. , Balasubramaniam S.
Published: December 2020

Archaeological deposits of late Pleistocene and Holocene age from Gebe and Morotai Islands, Maluku Utara, Indonesia, have yielded the remains of mammals not recorded in the modem fauna of those islands. A wallaby very similar to Dorcopsis mulleri mysoliae (which is known today only from Misool) was common on Gebe between about 8500 and 2000 uncalibrated radiocarbon years ago, after which it became locally extinct. A similar taxon occurs on Halmahera in archaeological contexts dating from about 5500 to 1700 years ago. It appears likely that these wallaby populations were originally introduced from Misool.
The remains of two large, apparently undescribed species of Rattus, as well as Rattus morotaiensis, are present in the Morotai archaeological record, which currently dates from 14,000 years ago. These animals are not present so far in deposits from Halmahera The remaining fauna in the archaeological deposits discussed in this paper represent species still surviving in the region, including phalangers, bats, fish, reptiles, birds, pig and dog (the two latter only present after 3500 years ago, and introduced by humans).
Observation of A Long-Range Overland Movement Event by An Adult Common Water Rat, Hydromys chrysogaster.
Authors: Vernes K.
Published: December 2020

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Ecophysiological Studies on Desert Mammals: Insights From Stress Physiology.
Authors: Bradshaw D.
Published: December 2020

Ecophysiology is the study of the physiological responses of animals living in their natural environment and can provide information substantially different from that obtained in laboratory situations where animals are constrained by artificial surroundings. Recent work with arid-living mammals in WA has focussed on the measurement of seasonal responses of free-ranging individuals to drought and has involved measurements of rates of turnover of water, together with changes in kidney function and circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the pituitary hormone essential for the conservation of water. Central to these studies has been an attempt to identify periods when animals in the field may be exposed to physiological stress due to a lack of adequate supplies of water, and to document their responses to this. Stress is here defined as "...the physiological resultant of demands that exceed an organism's regulatory capacities" (Bradshaw, 1986) and is detected through the combination of a significant perturbation of the milieu interieur of the animal, despite the maximum deployment of normal homeostatic responses (e.g. substantial dehydration despite maximal circulating levels of ADH; see Bradshaw, 1992). This approach also raises the possibility of determining the vulnerability to extinction of threatened and endangered species by comparing their actual rates of water turnover in the dry part of the year with allometric predictions. One predicts that species which display a profligate pattern of water usage would be much more susceptible to any environmental changes that might reduce the availability of water.
Recovery and Discovery: Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go With Species Recovery.
Authors: Johnson K.A.
Published: December 2020

History and pre-history tells us that Australian mammals have fared poorly through their association with humans. First there were the Pleistocene megafauna extinctions as Aborigines colonised the continent followed later by extinction of the large marsupial carnivores after introduction of the Dingo. European colonisation first appeared to favour many native mammals but later led to declines and extinctions at an unprecedented rate. The shock waves of these massive changes are most probably still reverberating across the landscape and need consideration in our approach to species conservation. Species recovery is a new and important science. Current management efforts focus on broad scale baiting of Foxes, translocation of endangered species to offshore predator-free islands, and their protection in predator enclosures. A national and more corporate approach to species conservation has arisen from national species recovery teams. Sharing of resources, particularly technical information on threat management, is critical to effective species recovery. This is especially important in forging the desperately needed break-through in control of Feral Cats. History tells us that disturbance of one component of the ecosystem will often provoke changes in other areas. The current intensive focus on Foxes demands careful monitoring of the general system as an early warning of developing problems. Study of the interactions between Foxes, Dingoes, Feral Cats and Rabbits are needed to discover the likely outcomes of control programs, particularly in the more arid regions where all four species coexist. Experimental reintroduction of yet untried species occupying niches yet to be examined by this technique may expose additional but more subtle threatening processes.
Effect of age on the association between recreational drug use and sexual risk behaviour: a cross-sectional observational analysis
Authors: Wong Arthur , Prestage Garrett P. , Poynten I. Mary , Jin Fengyi , Hillman Richard J. , Law Carmella , Fairley Christopher K. , Garland Suzanne M. , Grulich Andrew E. , Templeton David J.
Published: December 2020

Recreational drug use (RDU) among gay and bisexual men (GBM) is associated with higher-risk sexual behaviours, however this has not been well defined among older GBM. We investigated the association between RDU and sexual behaviours among older GBM in Sydney, Australia. 617 GBM aged 35–79 years self-reported their RDU in the past 6 months and sexual behaviours. Age-stratified univariable associations between RDU and behaviour were examined. GBM aged 35–44 years were the most likely to report RDU, with rates decreasing with increasing age (Ptrend < 0.001). Associations between RDU and higher-risk sexual behaviours were most consistently found among GBM aged 35–54 years.
Evolutionary determinism and convergence associated with water-column transitions in marine fishes
Authors: Rincon-Sandoval Melissa , Duarte-Ribeiro Emanuell , Davis Aaron M. , Santaquiteria Aintzane , Hughes Lily C. , Baldwin Carole C. , Soto-Torres Luisángely , Acero P. Arturo , Walker H. J. , Carpenter Kent E. , Sheaves Marcus , Ortí Guillermo , Arcila Dahiana , Betancur-R. Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Significance

Body shape is a strong predictor of habitat occupation in fishes, which changes rapidly at microevolutionary scales in well-studied freshwater systems such as sticklebacks and cichlids. Deep-bodied forms tend to occur in benthic habitats, while pelagic species typically have streamlined body plans. The recurrent evolution of this pattern across distantly related groups suggests that limited sets of high-fitness solutions exist due to environmental constraints. We rigorously test these observations showing that similar constraints operate at deeper evolutionary scales in a clade (Lutjanidae) of primarily benthic fish dwellers that repeatedly transitioned into midwater habitats in all major oceans throughout its 45-million-year history. Midwater species strongly converge in body shape, emphasizing evolutionary determinism in form and function along the benthic–pelagic axis.
Running patterns and force‐velocity sprinting profiles in elite training young soccer players: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Qingshan , Pommerell Félicie , Owen Adam , Trama Robin , Martin Cyril , Hautier Christophe A.
Published: December 2020

The Volodalen® field method permits to classify runners into aerial or terrestrial, based on vertical oscillation, upper‐body motion, pelvis and foot position at ground contact, and foot strike pattern. The present study aimed to compare the sprint running force‐velocity profiles between aerial and terrestrial runners. Sixty‐Four French National‐Level young soccer players (28 females, 36 males) performed three trials of unloaded maximal 40 m sprints. External horizontal power‐force‐velocity relationships were computed using a validated biomechanical model and based on the velocity‐time curve. Accordingly, the participants were classified into patterns in aerial and terrestrial runners. Terrestrial runners showed a higher maximal horizontal force (F 0) (6.73 ± 1.03 vs 6.01 ± 0.94 N·kg−1), maximal horizontal power (P max) (14.04 ± 3.24 vs 12.51 ± 3.31W·kg−1), maximal acceleration (Acc) (6.83 ± 0.85 vs 6.26 ± 0.89 m·s−2), and maximal rate of horizontal force (RF max) (57.41 ± 4.64 vs 52.81 ± 5.69%) compared to aerial runners. In contrast, terrestrial runners displayed a more negative rate of decrease of RF (D RF) (−11.65 ± 1.71 vs −10.23 ± 1.66%) and slope of the Force‐Velocity relationship (F‐V slope) (−0.83 ± 0.11 vs −0.77 ± 0.10 N·s·m−1·kg−1) than aerial runners. The results indicate that terrestrial runners displayed more efficient force production in the forward direction and displayed more “force‐oriented” F‐V profiles. Nevertheless, aerial runners were more effective in maintaining a net horizontal force production with increasing speed. Our results suggest that terrestrial runners could be more adapted to the specific short distance and high acceleration sprints running.
The effects of using a combination of static stretching and aerobic exercise on muscle tendon unit stiffness and strength in ankle plantar‐flexor muscles
Authors: Takeuchi Kosuke , Takemura Masahiro , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tsukuda Fumiko , Miyakawa Shumpei
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of using a combination of static stretching and aerobic exercise on muscle tendon unit stiffness and muscle strength in the ankle plantar‐flexor muscles. Fifteen healthy males (23.3 ± 2.7 years, 170.3 ± 6.5 cm, 64.9 ± 8.7 kg) received three different interventions, in random order. Intervention 1 received 10 min of aerobic exercise after five cycles of one minute of static stretching. Intervention 2 received 10 min of aerobic exercise before the static stretching. Intervention 3 received 5 min of aerobic exercise both before and after the static stretching. The range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, stretch tolerance, muscle tendon unit stiffness, peak torque of ankle plantarflexion, and the amplitude of electromyography were measured. In all interventions, the range of motion and stretch tolerance significantly increased (p < 0.05), but muscle tendon unit stiffness decreased significantly for all interventions (p < 0.05). Peak torque of ankle plantar flexion and amplitude of electromyography significantly increased for Interventions 1 and 3 (p < 0.05), while these significantly decreased for Intervention 2 (p < 0.05). These data indicated that range of motion and stretch tolerance were increased, but muscle tendon unit stiffness was decreased regardless of the order of static stretching and aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise after static stretching increased the peak torque and amplitude of electromyography.
The Influence of Procurator Generals in Constitutional Review: The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Bagashka Tanya , Tiede Lydia Brashear
Published: December 2020

After democratic transitions, many Eastern European countries reformed their political institutions in a piecemeal fashion. Focusing on the Bulgarian Constitutional Court from 1992 to 2012 and the Soviet-style procurator general, we analyze how legal reforms operate in practice in transitional societies. Using original data, we find that judges are influenced by the powerful and unaccountable procurator general. Judges’ decisions to strike down laws also are guided by alignment with their or their appointers’ political preferences and the opinions of interested parties in amicus briefs. The study has implications about interbranch relations and the role of procurator generals in constitutional review.
The Future Matters: Judicial Preferences Over Legal Rules and Decision-Making on Collegial Courts
Authors: Ainsley Caitlin , Carrubba Cliff , Vanberg Georg
Published: December 2020

High courts such as the US Supreme Court announce legal rules that guide subsequent decisions by lower courts and other actors. Because legal rules are forward-looking in this sense, judges’ expectations about the distribution of future cases are critical. Focusing on this fact, we provide microfoundations for judicial preferences over legal rules by deriving them directly from expectations about the distribution of future cases. Doing so has important consequences: in contrast to standard assumptions in models of judicial decision-making, preferences over legal rules are asymmetric rather than symmetric. We demonstrate that this has significant implications for judicial decision-making on collegial courts. Finally, we show that changes in the case distribution—for example, as a result of technological change—can lead to significant legal change, even in the absence of ideological or doctrinal change on the court.
In situ measurement of sludge thickness in high-centrifugal force by optimized particle resistance normalization for wireless electrical resistance detector (WERD)
Authors: Prayitno Yosephus Ardean Kurnianto , Zhao Tong , Iso Yoshiyuki , Takei Masahiro
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the in situ sludge thickness of polymers in a real-scale horizontal decanter centrifuge using the optimized particle resistance normalization (OPRN) technique. The sludge thickness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in an aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) carrier fluid was observed as a function of the normalized particle resistance of a wireless electrical resistance detector. The measured resistance of the continuous phase during the centrifugation is set as the reference and normalized following its dominant frequency by Fourier transform. Here, the OPRN limits the particle resistance using the normalization function based on the closed-packing condition (i.e. Krieger 1972 Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 3 111–36; Phillips
et al
1992 Phys. Fluids A 4 30–40; and Rao et al 2002 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids.
39 465–83) in the particle sensitivity area (PSA). The normalized value is then plotted in the fitting equation using a nonlinear generalized reduced gradient. The PSA is solved by a simulation study on electrostatics and by static experiments. Two different centrifugation parameters of feed rates and two centrifugal forces at four different measurement points were considered to observe the sludge thickness distribution as a function of operational time. As a result, the in situ sludge thickness is described in the nonlinear fit plot equation with a coefficient score to explain the separation phenomenon inside the decanter centrifuge. The plot agrees well with the experimental data with a high degree of coefficient of determination.
Measurement and evaluation of cylindricity deviation in Cartesian coordinates
Authors: Liu Fei , Liang Lin , Xu Guanghua , Hou Chenggang , Liu Dan
Published: December 2020

In the earlier studies of the Liu et al (2015 Intersecting chord method for minimum zone evaluation of roundness deviation using Cartesian coordinate data Precis. Eng.
42 242–52, 2016 Minimum circumscribed circle and maximum inscribed circle of roundness deviation evaluation with intersecting chord method IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
65 2787–96), the intersecting chords method was proposed for modeling roundness and sphericity deviations. Because cylindricity deviation is partially associated with both deviations, this study focuses on the measurement and evaluation of cylindricity deviations using the intersecting chords method in the Cartesian coordinate system. Combined with the geometric structure of a cylinder, the measurement method of the cylindricity deviation in Cartesian coordinates is introduced, and the cylindricity measurement is conducted by multi-section sampling, axis fitting, and spatial projection. Based on this, the intersecting chords method is employed to construct models for the cylindricity deviation evaluation using the point coordinates obtained from the cylindricity measurements, including minimum circumscribed cylindricity, maximum inscribed cylindricity, and minimum zone cylindricity. The core of the intersecting chords method is using a chord instead of a curve as the characteristic element of the evaluation model. Moreover, the cross structure produced by the intersecting chords can control the position of the reference form and obtain the center of the evaluation model accurately. For the cylindricity deviation, the intersecting chords method not only reduces the modeling difficulty but also improves the evaluation accuracy. Moreover, the availability and validity of the modeling method are further verified by the experimental data obtained from coordinate measuring machines, and the results show that the research study is useful for developing measurement instruments and manufacturing equipment having large cylindrical parts.
Modelization of electrical and optical characteristics of short-wave infrared type I InGaAsBi/InGaAs/InP quantum wells p-i-n detector
Authors: Sfina N , Ammar I , Lazzari J-L , Said M
Published: December 2020

In the present work, we will exhibit a theoretical analysis and optimization of electrical and optical characteristics of a short-wave infrared p-i-n detector closely lattice matched to conventional (001) InP substrate by the use of quaternary dilute bismide alloy InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy/InxGa1−xAs quantum wells as an active layer. The content of about 6% of Bismuth has been responsible of red-shift of the 50% cut-off wavelength from 2.2 towards 2.8 μm at room temperature, resulting in a band gap reduction of nearly 305 meV caused by the bismuth incorporation. The temperature dependence of zero-bias resistance area product (R
0
A) and bias dependent dynamic resistance of the designed structure have been investigated thoroughly to analyses the dark current contributions mechanisms that might limit the electrical performance of the considered structure. It was revealed that the R
0
A product of the detector is limited by thermal diffusion currents when temperatures are elevated whereas the ohmic shunt resistance contribution limits it when temperatures are low. The modeled heterostructure, reveals a comforting dark current of 1.25 × 10−8 A at bias voltage of −10 mV at 300 K. The present work demonstrates that the p-i-n detector based on compressively strained InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy quantum well is a potential candidate for achieving a short-wave infrared detection.
Flow separation control over an airfoil using continuous alternating current plasma actuator
Authors: Zheng Jian-Guo
Published: December 2020

The flow separation control over an NACA 0015 airfoil using continuous alternating current (AC) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is investigated experimentally and numerically. This work is intended to report some observations made from our experiment, to which little attention is paid in the previous studies, but which is thought to be important to the understanding of control of complex flow separation with AC DBD. To this end, the response of separated flow to AC plasma actuation is visualized through the time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement, whereas numerical simulation is carried out to complement the experiment. The flow control process at chord-based Reynolds number (Re) of 3.31 × 105 is investigated. It is found that the response of external flow to plasma forcing is delayed for up to tens of milliseconds and the delay time increases with angle of attack increasing. Also observed is that at the intermediate angle of attack near stall, the forced flow features a well re-organized flow pattern. However, for airfoil at high post-stall angle of attack, the already well suppressed flow field can recover to the massively separated flow state and then reattach to airfoil surface with the flow pattern fluctuating between the two states in an irregular manner. This is contrary to one’s first thought that the forced flow at any angles of attack will become well organized and regular, and reflects the complexity of flow separation control.
Dynamical robustness of networks based on betweenness against multi-node attack*
Authors: Yuan Zi-Wei , Lv Chang-Chun , Si Shu-Bin , Duan Dong-Li
Published: December 2020

We explore the robustness of a network against failures of vertices or edges where a fraction f of vertices is removed and an overload model based on betweenness is constructed. It is assumed that the load and capacity of vertex i are correlated with its betweenness centrality Bi
as

B
i
θ

and

(
1
+
α
)

B
i
θ

(θ is the strength parameter, α is the tolerance parameter). We model the cascading failures following a local load preferential sharing rule. It is found that there exists a minimal α
c when θ is between 0 and 1, and its theoretical analysis is given. The minimal α
c characterizes the strongest robustness of a network against cascading failures triggered by removing a random fraction f of vertices. It is realized that the minimal α
c increases with the increase of the removal fraction f or the decrease of average degree. In addition, we compare the robustness of networks whose overload models are characterized by degree and betweenness, and find that the networks based on betweenness have stronger robustness against the random removal of a fraction f of vertices.
High-performing silicon-based germanium Schottky photodetector with ITO transparent electrode*
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Ke Shaoying , Zhou Jinrong , Zhao Yimo , Huang Wei , Chen Songyan , Li Cheng
Published: December 2020

A near-infrared germanium (Ge) Schottky photodetector (PD) with an ultrathin silicon (Si) barrier enhancement layer between the indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) electrode and Ge epilayer on Si or silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is proposed and fabricated. The well-behaved ITO/Si cap/Ge Schottky junctions without intentional doping process for the Ge epilayer are formed on the Si and SOI substrates. The Si- and SOI-based ITO/Si cap/Ge Schottky PDs exhibit low dark current densities of 33 mA/cm2 and 44 mA/cm2, respectively. Benefited from the high transmissivity of ITO electrode and the reflectivity of SOI substrate, an optical responsivity of 0.19 A/W at 1550 nm wavelength is obtained for the SOI-based ITO/Si cap/Ge Schottky PD. These complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible Si (or SOI)-based ITO/Si cap/Ge Schottky PDs are quite useful for detecting near-infrared wavelengths with high efficiency.
Unpinning the spiral waves by using parameter waves*
Authors: Peng Lu , Tang Jun
Published: December 2020

The spiral waves anchored to heterogeneous areas are more difficult to control and eliminate than freely rotating ones in homogenous mediums. To eliminate pinned spiral waves, the resistant force should be provided to resist the pinning force. Other than advection field, we introduce parametric wave to play the role of providing resistant force. It is found that the parametric wave with large enough amplitude and proper frequency can unpin and eliminate the spiral wave successfully. The capability of parametric wave in providing resistant force is dependent on its amplitude and frequency sensitively. On the basis of parametric wave, the dependence of pinning force on the size and level of heterogeneity is further confirmed.
The etching process and mechanism analysis of Ta-Sb2Te3 film based on inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Xu Yongkang , Song Sannian , Fang Wencheng , Li Chengxing , Song Zhitang
Published: December 2020

Compared to the conventional phase change materials, the new phase change material Ta-Sb2Te3 has the advantages of excellent data retention and good material stability. In this letter, the etching characteristics of Ta-Sb2Te3 were studied by using CF4/Ar. The results showed that when CF4/Ar = 25/25, the etching power was 600 W and the etching pressure was 2.5 Pa, the etching speed was up to 61 nm/min. The etching pattern of Ta-Sb2Te3 film had a smooth side wall and good perpendicularity (close to 90°), smooth surface of the etching (RMS was 0.51nm), and the etching uniformity was fine. Furthermore, the mechanism of this etching process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main damage mechanism of ICP etching in CF4/Ar was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
A 16-bit 1 MSPS SAR ADC with foreground calibration and residual voltage shift strategy
Authors: Zhang Xian , Cao Xiaodong , Zhang Xuelian
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a 16-bit 1MSPS foreground calibration successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is developed by the CMOS 0.25 μm process. An on-chip all-digital foreground weights calibration technique integrating self-calibration weight measurement with PN port auto-balance technique is designed to improve the performance and lower the costs of the developed SAR ADC. The SAR ADC has a chip area of 2.7 × 2.4 mm2, and consumes only 100 μW at the 2.5 V supply voltage with 100 KSPS. The INL and DNL are both less than 0.5 LSB.
Prediction and observation of defect-induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in halide perovskites
Authors: Sun Zhiguo , Cai Bo , Chen Xi , Wei Wenxian , Li Xiaoming , Yang Dandan , Meng Cuifang , Wu Ye , Zeng Haibo
Published: December 2020

The possibility to induce a macroscopic magnetic moment in lead halide perovskites (LHPs), combined with their excellent optoelectronic properties, is of fundamental interest and has promising spintronic applications. However, these possibilities remain an open question in both theory and experiment. Here, theoretical and experimental studies are performed to explore ferromagnetic states in LHPs originated from lattice defects. First-principle calculations reveal that shallow-level Br vacancies in defective CsPbBr3 can produce spin-splitting states and the coupling between them leads to a ferromagnetic ground state. Experimentally, ferromagnetism at 300 K is observed in room-temperature synthesized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, but is not observed in hot-injection prepared CsPbBr3 quantum dots and in CsPbBr3 single crystals, highlighting the significance played by vacancy defects. Furthermore, the ferromagnetism in the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can be enhanced fourfold with Ni2+ ion dopants, due to enhancement of the exchange coupling between magnetic polarons. Room-temperature ferromagnetism is also observed in other LHPs, which suggests that vacancy-induced ferromagnetism may be a universal feature of solution-processed LHPs, which is useful for future spintronic devices.
The Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation
Authors: Dodgson Mark
Published: December 2020

The strategic management of technology and innovation is an important contributor to organizational performance and competitiveness. It creates value, assists differentiation, enhances productivity, and guides creativity and initiative. In the face of uncertainty in operating environments, caused especially by rapid technological change, the strategic management of innovation configures capabilities and resources within organizations. These include the capability to search for innovations, select the most advantageous, and appropriate or capture their returns. It involves investing in sources of innovation, such as research and development (R&D) and collaboration with external partners, and using methods for effectively assessing their contributions.

Unstable and turbulent operating conditions can disrupt established organizational policies and practices and make planning difficult. As a result, strategies for technology and innovation are necessarily emergent rather than prescriptive, exploratory rather than determinable. Any advantages technology and innovation create are likely to be transitory.

The pressing need for greater environmental sustainability, increased focus on the social consequences of innovation, and the impact of new digital and data-rich technologies, add to the challenges of the strategic management of technology and innovation. To address these challenges, attention to physical and intellectual capital needs to be supplemented by greater concern for human, social, and natural capital, and to organizational culture and behavior. This requires the foundation of the strategic management of technology and innovation in the discipline of economics to be complemented by others, such as psychology, organizational behavior, and ethics.
Revolutionary Critical Rage Pedagogy
Authors: McLaren Peter , Jandrić Petar
Published: December 2020

Revolutionary critical rage pedagogy was first introduced in Peter McLaren’s 2015 book Pedagogy of insurrection: From resurrection to revolution. It is aimed at development of heightened recognition of the deception perpetrated by those who write history “from above,” that is from the standpoint of the victors who have camouflaged or naturalized genocidal acts of war, patriarchy, settler colonialism, and other forms of oppression as necessary conditions for the maintenance of democracy. Revolutionary critical rage pedagogy is carried out not only in educational institutions but throughout the public sphere. Its broader social aim is both a relational and structural transformation of society that cultivates pluriversal and decolonizing modes of democratization built upon a socialist alternative to capitalist accumulation and value production.
Beyond Slavery: Abolition and Post-abolition in Brazil
Authors: Mattos Hebe , Albuquerque Wlamyra
Published: December 2020

What happened after slavery in the first slave society of the Americas? How did the abolition process shape post-abolition Brazilian society? On September 28, 1871 the Lei do Ventre Livre (Free Womb Law) signaled the end for slavery in Brazil. It created, for the effects of the compensation of slave owners, a general registration of the last slaves, which shows that Brazil officially recognized around a million and a half of them in 1872. How did these last enslaved workers live and politically influence the legal process that resulted in their freedom? Certainly they did so, since between flights, negotiations, and conflicts, the number of slaves fell by half over the following years. In this process, conditional manumission letters became almost like labor contracts, the results of negotiations between slaves and slave owners which gave expectations of freedom to some and prolonged the exploitation of the labor of others. In 1887, abolition seemed inescapable. En masse flights of the last slaves made it a fact, recognized by law on May 13, 1888. How could social relations be reinvented after the collapse of the institution which had structured the country, in all its aspects, since colonization? This dismantling would have consequences that were not only economic but would also redesign the logic of power and the architecture of a society willing to maintain distinct types of citizenship. Old experiences of racism and citizenship were redefined in the process. Former slave owners fought for compensation for their lost property until Rui Barbosa, an old abolitionist and minister of finance of the first republican government, decided to burn the registration documentation in 1889, thereby preventing any compensation proposal for around seven hundred thirty thousand slaves freed by the abolition law. With the Republic (1889), a new racialized rhetoric narrated abolition as the product of the republican action of the “emancipating race,” which guaranteed freedom without conflict to the “emancipated race.” It thus made invisible not only the fundamental action of the last slaves, but also the demographically majoritarian status of the free Afro-descendants in the Brazilian population, evident in the action of numerous black abolitionists. For Afro-Brazilians, the struggle remained to define their place and rights in society. More recently, the political action of the Brazilian black movement in the commemorations of the centenary of abolition (1988) established the idea of incomplete abolition, defining May 13 as the date of the struggle against racial inequality in the country and consolidating the post-abolition period as a field of historiographic research.
European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. Part II - Decompression sickness, migraine, arterial deoxygenation syndromes and select high-risk clinical conditions
Authors: Pristipino Christian , Germonpré Peter , Toni Danilo , Sievert Horst , Meier Bernhard , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Berti Sergio , Onorato Eustaquio Maria , Bedogni Francesco , Mas Jean-Louis , Scacciatella Paolo , Hildick-Smith David , Gaita Fiorenzo , Kyrle Paul A , Thomson John , Derumeaux Genevieve , Sibbing Dirk , Chessa Massimo , Hornung Marius , Zamorano Jose , Dudek Dariusz ,   EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS TEAM, D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Omedè Pierluigi , Ballocca Flavia , Barbero Umberto , Giordana Francesca , Gili Sebastiano , Iannaccone Mario ,   INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS, Akagi Teiji , Anzola Gianpaolo , Carroll John , Dalvi Bharat , De Angelis Claudio , Junbo Ge , Kasner Scott E , Michel-Behnke Ina , Musumeci Giuseppe , Søndergaard Lars , Tarantini Giuseppe , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe G L ,   joint task force of European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European Stroke Organisation (ESO), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), ESC Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, European Haematological Society (EHA), European Underwater and Baromedical Society (EUBS),   EAPCI SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS AND INITIATIVES COMMITTEE, Capodanno Davide , Valgimigli Marco , Byrne Robert , Kunadian Vijay
Published: December 2020

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of medical conditions but to date only one official position paper related to left circulation thromboembolism has been published. This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with the involvement of eight European scientific societies, reviews the available evidence and proposes a rationale for decision making for other PFO-related clinical conditions. In order to guarantee a strict evidence-based process, we used a modified grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. A critical qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was performed, including assessment of the risk/benefit ratio. The level of evidence and the strength of the position statements were weighed and graded according to predefined scales. Despite being based on limited and observational or low-certainty randomised data, a number of position statements were made to frame PFO management in different clinical settings, along with suggestions for new research avenues. This interdisciplinary position paper, recognising the low or very low certainty of existing evidence, provides the first approach to several PFO-related clinical scenarios beyond left circulation thromboembolism and strongly stresses the need for fresh high-quality evidence on these topics.
Effects of Dementia Simulation on Nursing Student's Knowledge and Empathy
Authors: Kimzey Michelle , Patterson Jodi
Published: December 2020

The numbers of people living with dementia are overwhelming. Dementia education is important to prepare nursing students to care for this population. Care for people with dementia requires a better understanding of the reality of dementia. Dementia education must empower nursing students to appreciate, provide care, and support the needs of the caregiver and people with dementia. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the effects of the dementia simulation on nursing students’ knowledge of dementia and empathy for people living with dementia, (2) to explore the level of empathic concern, shared affect, perspective-taking self and perspective-taking other of undergraduate nursing students towards individuals with dementia. A convergent mixed method design was used with pretest and posttest serving as the quantitative arm of the study. A focus group discussion with themes extracted served as the qualitative piece of the study. The convenience sample of 65 undergraduate nursing students. Students completed pre and post-test surveys which included Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version 2, Comprehensive State Empathy Scale, and demographic questionnaire. Content analysis was conducted on focus group responses to qualitative interview questions. Quantitative results reported a significant increase in empathy. Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results. Results revealed the dementia simulation positively impacted students’ empathy for people with dementia. This learning activity was innovative and created excitement and intrigue about caring for people with dementia. The dementia simulation experience created an awareness of dementia and ignited nursing students’ passion to care for this population.
Interprofessional Education Activity to Improve Communication With Older Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Gaeta Laura , Sharpp Tara
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine how an interprofessional education (IPE) intervention with Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSAD) and Nursing students can affect their ability to communicate effectively with older adults who have hearing loss. As the older adult demographic increases, healthcare professionals must provide competent care, which includes effectively managing hearing-related communication difficulties in an increasingly diverse population. Faculty received IRB approval to conduct a descriptive mixed-methods study to determine knowledge and satisfaction of students completing an IPE activity. Students were divided into teams of CSAD and Nursing students. Students listened to a brief presentation on IPE before they were introduced to a complex case study of an 84-year-old male with age-related hearing loss. We administered a knowledge assessment questionnaire (KAQ) we created regarding communication with older adults before and after the activity. A total of 92 participants in the two programs (n=36 CSAD, n=56 Nursing) completed the KAQ before and after the activity and an evaluation with a Likert-type scale and open-ended questions. CSAD students scored significantly higher than Nursing students on the KAQ at baseline (F=25.69, p<0.001) and KAQ scores increased significantly (F=57.04, p<0.001) among both groups from pretest to posttest. The evaluation data indicated students were able to learn other perspectives and found the experience valuable. Based on the improvement in scores on the KAQ and evaluation data, this IPE activity increased knowledge related to communication with older adults with hearing loss and awareness of the roles of other professions.
Using the Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework to Redesign a Community Clinical Experience
Authors: Avallone Margaret , Pacetti Staci
Published: December 2020

The Age-Friendly 4Ms Framework (IHI/Hartford Foundation) was used to redesign an existing undergraduate nursing community experience, teaching students how to evaluate what matters to the individual, medications, mentation, and mobility. As part of the NJ Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (NJGWEP), a 5-year grant supported by DHHS-HRSA, ten senior nursing students joined a team of bilingual social workers, APNs, and a PharmD in an affordable housing urban highrise. This paper will describe the implementation and evaluation of a redesigned clinical experience using the 4Ms framework. Students visited older residents with bilingual social workers, performed health assessments and developed person-centered plans of care. Students presented resident cases during weekly interprofessional conferences to promote team collaboration and planning. Residents who screened positive for dementia were referred to an interprofessional Memory Assessment Program. Medications were reviewed using the Beers criteria, reconciled, and referred to primary care providers if appropriate. Fall risk was assessed and managed using the STEADI toolkit (CDC). Students were evaluated on attainment of geriatric-specific competencies, including medication review, cognition and depression screening, and fall risk assessments, by direct observations and interview. Following the semester-long experience, students completed a retrospective pretest/posttest survey to evaluate achievement of objectives based on the 4Ms. Mean scores for achievement of learning objectives ranged from 4.7-4.9 on a Likert scale of 1-5. Students identified barriers that older diverse individuals face when managing chronic health problems in the community. Students also valued the partnership with the social workers, stating, “We learned from each other.”
An Alzheimer’s Curriculum to Educate the Current and Future Public Health Workforce
Authors: Kennedy Taylor , French Molly , Blais Linelle , Reed Nia
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of death among adults in the United States and the 5th leading cause for those aged 65 and older. Nearly 14 million Americans will be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s dementia by 2060, but the public health workforce is struggling to meet current demands. As the older adult population continues to grow, the public health sector will need to ensure a sizable and competent workforce is prepared to meet the needs of those living with dementia as well as their caregivers. In support of national efforts to promote and ensure a competent workforce, the Alzheimer’s Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Emory University developed “A Public Health Approach to Alzheimer’s and Other Dementias” (ADOD) curriculum. The free, introductory curricular resource was first piloted by faculty and students at undergraduate schools of public health across the country; however, due to its broad applicability the curriculum has since been updated and expanded to educate graduate students in schools of public health, students in related disciplines, and practicing public health professionals. The curriculum provides an introduction to ADOD as a public health crisis, basics of dementia, the role of public health in addressing the epidemic, and the creation of dementia-friendly communities. The purpose of the curriculum is to educate future public health workforces about ADOD; encourage the current public health workforce to apply knowledge to practice; and seek to improve health outcomes for those living with dementia, as well as their caregivers.
Assessment of Aging and Disability Concentration in a Master’s Program
Authors: Mulhorn Kristine
Published: December 2020

A concentration in aging and disability is an alternative concentration in our Master of Health Administration (MHA) program. Students to take both of their electives in this area as well as completing their residency in a post-acute care setting. To ensure students meet the learning objectives, the following assessment plan. First, a curricular map of the areas”” of competency within our program are outlined and then the content and areas of assessment are considered based on whether the competencies are “Introduced”, “Reinforced,” and “Mastered.” Next, the key assignments in each course within the concentration were aligned with the Program Objectives for the MHA Program. Another assessment strategy involves the competencies of the on-campus residency. A comparison of the competencies of the residency for those students who conducted their residency in the acute care setting to those competencies of the residency for the students who completed their residency in a post-acute setting. A final method for assessment is a review of the evaluations and the final paper for the residency. The residency is a capstone project in which students conduct analysis based on the operations management factors within the facility.
Development of Synthetic Health Records to Support Urban Planning for Healthy Aging
Authors: Liu Yuezhong , Theng Yin Leng
Published: December 2020

Urban planning for healthy ageing is about planning for ageing population, which considers the needs of older adults and communities during the planning process and the implications of decisions for human health and well-being. However, access to real electronic health record (EHR) data is hindered by legal, privacy, security, and intellectual property restrictions. The lack of freely distributable health records become one important issue for healthy ageing urban planning. This research develops a source of synthetic health records based on reviewed and meta-analysed evidence on the association between built environmental characteristics related to lifestyle chronic diseases for urban planning. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is used as a case study for proof of concept. This research methodology includes three steps: 1) Review and meta-analyse of the individual and built environmental variables related to the prevalence of T2DM. 2) Develop agent-based modelling and simulation for synthetic health records. 3) Evaluate the simulation result with standard healthcare file format in Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The pilot validation compares the annual prevalence of T2DM by age group and ethnicity with the public available health data. The simulation results roughly approximate age, gender and racial group at diagnosis curves (R2 = 0.876), it correctly generated more than 90% of patients for the all age group in Singapore. As a summary, these pilot validated synthetic records could be used as a risk-free (no privacy & security issues) data for supporting urban planning for healthy ageing.