bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential Therapeutic Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sahranavard Toktam , Mehrabadi Shima , Pourali Ghazaleh , Maftooh Mina , Akbarzade Hamed , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir
Published: September 2023

:

The application of the CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system in tumor
studies has led to the discovery of several new treatment strategies for colorectal cancer
(CRC), including the recognition of novel target genes, the construction of animal mass
models, and the identification of genes related to chemotherapy resistance. CRISPR/Cas9
can be applied to genome therapy for CRC, particularly regarding molecular-targeted
medicines and suppressors. This review summarizes some aspects of using CRISPR/-
Cas9 in treating CRC. Further in-depth and systematic research is required to fully realize
the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 in CRC treatment and integrate it into clinical practice.
Application of Color Doppler Ultrasound to Evaluate and Analyze the Risk
Factors of Residual Stenosis after Vertebral Artery Origin Stenting
Authors: Han Yue , Mo Xi-ping , Ge Xin-yue , Huang Jian-yuan
Published: September 2023

Background:

Vertebral artery origin stenting (VAOS) is the mainstream method for the treatment of vertebral artery stenosis (VAS). However, there are few studies on the risk factors analysis for residual stenosis after VAOS.

Purpose:

This study aimed to apply color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) to evaluate and analyze the risk factors of residual stenosis after VAOS.

Methods:

About 178 patients with VAOS were included from 2017 to 2019 in Liuzhou worker's hospital and divided into the residual stenosis group (n = 38) and the no-residual stenosis group (n = 140). The clinical data and hemodynamics alteration before and after VAOS were collected. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of residual stenosis.

Results:

Compared with the no-residual stenosis group, the proportion of hypertension, the bending of the initial segment, and the residual stenosis length > 10 mm in the residual stenosis group were significantly higher, while the original internal diameter was significantly smaller (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the bending of initial segment (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.32-5.45, P = 0.033), the original internal diameter (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.13-5.66, P = 0.001), and the residual stenosis length > 10 mm were the risk factors of residual stenosis (OR = 2.78, 95% CI: 1.82-5.85, P = 0.044).

Conclusion:

The bending of initial segment, the original internal diameter, and the residual stenosis length > 10 mm were the risk factors of residual stenosis after VAOS.
Study on Measurement Method of Three-dimensional Position of
Unlabeled Microspheres under Bright Background
Authors: Xu Ke , Wang Bingge
Published: September 2023

Using computer vision technology to obtain the position and trajectory data of particle probe microspheres from microscope images has significance and value in the molecular
field. However, most of the existing microsphere measurement methods are based on transmission, which can only be measured under transparent samples and substrates and are not suitable
for the application scenario of living cell measurement. In this paper, a method based on reflectivity imaging is proposed to measure the three-dimensional position of the dark microspheres in
the bright field. Based on the outermost ring radius method, the relationship between the inner
ring radius of the microsphere spot and the out-of-focus distance was explored to measure the
coordinates in the Z direction. Cardiomyocytes were combined with 10um size silica microspheres. Experiments show that in a bright field with a high perturbation environment, it can
achieve high precision measurement of dark microspheres and achieve three-dimensional position measurement with an accuracy of 50nm in XY direction and 100nm in Z direction.
Current Strategies for the Management of Psoriasis with Potential
Pharmacological Pathways using Herbals and Immuno-biologicals
Authors: Sharma Kiran , Kumar Sumit
Published: September 2023

Background:

Psoriasis is an acute to chronic multifunctional inflammatory skin disorder mediated through T-cell activation, dendritic cell intervention, local vascular variations, atypical keratinocyte proliferation, and neutrophil activation, leading to a skin disorder with no permanent cure.

Objective:

This review aims to find a potent, secure, and dependable medication, with a more scientific examination of herbal resources and recent targeted immunobiological therapies.

Methods:

Reports evaluating the effectiveness of biologics & herbal remedies for the topical therapy of psoriasis against control therapies were taken into consideration (placebo or active therapy). The work examined cellular circuits involved in inflammation with its immunogenetic mechanism behind various options available for treating psoriasis in addition to the role of agents inducing psoriasis.

Results:

The extent of psoriasis can range from small, localized spots to total body coverage, and it can happen at any stage of life. Several theories exist for clarification however, the exact cause of psoriasis is not entirely understood. Researchers have discovered genetic loci linkages, environmental changes, drug induction, lifestyle conditions, some infections, etc. resulting in this disorder. There are numerous known conventional medical treatments for psoriasis, ranging from topical and systemic medicines to phototherapy or combinations of both with recent immunobiological treatment. However, the majority of these treatments are ineffective and have a variety of side effects that limit their long-term usage, such as cutaneous atrophy, tissue toxicity, mutagenicity, and immunosuppression.

Conclusion:

Herbal extracts or isolated compounds can be considered as a substitute for conventional psoriasis treatment. Unfortunately, many investigations often provide a small amount of facts about the safety and effectiveness of topically applied herbal remedies for the treatment of psoriasis. Thus, further factual evidences and validations are needed to promote herbal options, which must be supported by rigorous animal studies or clinical trials using standardised materials and compositions.
An 18F-MD-PSMA (Multi-dentate PMSA Imaging Agent) PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Relapse: Results of a Retrospective Trial
Authors: Fu Hongliang , Liang Sheng , Xu Miaomiao , Guo Jun , Liu Qiang , Kang Jian , Zhang Linlin , Liu Zihao , Ding Lin , Ma Yufei , Yang Bin , Yao Xudong , Qi Jun , Wang Hui , Cai Yongquan
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of 18F-MD-PSMA PET/CT in
patients previously treated for prostate cancer by either surgery or therapy, but later relapsed biochemically.

Methods:

This retrospective study enrolled 213 patients in sequence previously treated for prostate
cancer by either surgery or therapy, but later PSA relapsed. A total of 191 of these 213 patients
were included in this analysis. All patients were biochemically relapsed after radical prostatectomy
or therapy, had 18F-MD-PSMA PET/CT scan within 1 week, and were off hormonal
therapy at the time of the scans. The new tracer was compared directly with 11C-choline in sensitivity.

Results:

In 3 patients, a side-by-side comparison between 18F-MD-PSMA and 11C-choline was
performed, and it was found that the former was about 3 times more sensitive than the latter. The
analysis of PET imaging using 18F-MD-PSMA in 191 relapsed patients showed that less than
10% of patients showed the disease limited in the prostate. Among the remote lesions, the number
in decreasing order was bone, followed by lymph nodes and other organs. The maximal SUV in
lesions in each patient followed an exponential decay, with SUV inclined to the lower end. The
Gleason score measured at the diagnosis showed no correlation with the average number of lesions
in each patient, the average maximal SUV values among this cohort of patients, and the PSA values
measured at the time of PET imaging. The number of lesions observed in each patient has no
correlation with the PSA value measured at the time of PET imaging. When PSA value was measured
as an independent biomarker at the time of PET imaging, the positivity of PET imaging using
18F-MD-PSMA increased along with an increase in PSA value, but with exceptions where PSMA
expression was low or negative. From the PET imaging of this radioligand, the majority of patients
showed oligo-metastasis, favoring using local therapy to manage the disease.

Conclusion:

An 18F-MD-PSMA as a radioligand was found to be superior to 11C-choline in the
setting of patients with biochemical relapse after previous treatment. Its PET imaging results
matched those of established PSMA radioligands, but its chemical structure was found to have
added features to conjugate with other functional molecules, such as those with therapeutic properties.
This radioligand lays the foundation for our further work.
A Descriptive Analysis of the Nutraceutical Constituents, Extraction
Techniques, and Possible Health Benefits of Tamarind
Authors: Wal Pranay , Debnath Biplab , Sarkar Dhrubajyoti , Verma Neha , Rathore Shruti , Wal Ankita
Published: September 2023

Background:

Tamarind is a multifunctional tree, with nearly every portion having significant
nutritional or therapeutic use. The fruit, which produces acidic pulp, is the most valuable
and often utilized portion.

Objective:

The aim of this paper is to discuss the distribution, habitat, chemical constituents and
extraction techniques of tamarind.

Methods:

This study reviews the chemical constituents, health benefits and extraction techniques of
tamarind. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to
search articles from 1990 to 2022. The key search terms included tamarind, phytoconstituents extraction
and anti-nutritional factor. Research studies also included similar plant parts extracted
from similar solvents which were considered in this review.

Results:

According to our observations, Tamarindus indica is a crucial plant with significant pharmacological
properties. It is extensively used as a conventional medicine to treat a variety of disorders;
however, its active ingredients require further investigation for future drug development and
pharmacological activity. Tamarind contains a diverse range of bioactive compounds, including
polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, vitamins, and minerals, which have been associated with various
health-promoting properties. The study examines different extraction methods used to isolate
tamarind's bioactive constituents, such as solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE),
and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Furthermore, the research highlights the potential
health benefits of tamarind, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, gastrointestinal
support, cardiovascular benefits, and antimicrobial properties.

Discussion:

Tamarind includes citric acid, linoleic acid, volatile oils, vitamin C, potassium, Camp
sterol, -amyrin, Tannins, saponins, and glycosides as a result of this. It has several pharmacological
properties such as reducing swelling, preventing oxidation, hypolipidemic, weight loss, antibacterial,
hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, and painkiller properties. These properties will assist to generate
interest in Tamarind and develop novel preparations with more medicinal and commercial potential.
The findings indicate that tamarind holds significant promise as a natural resource for developing
functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals with potential positive impacts on human
health.
Biosensor: A Technology that Changed the way of Diabetes Diagnosis
Authors: Kumar Dubey Sushil , Sharma Bhaskar , Mishra Divya , Singh M.P.
Published: September 2023

Over the past few decades, technology has greatly improved, with more
accuracy and efficiency in monitoring the blood glucose level of diabetic patients. To
monitor the blood glucose level, several glucose biosensors have been developed.
However, the accuracy, efficiency, standardization and training of the users in an easy
way is still a challenge. Biosensors are a non-invasive method that helps medical
workers to find the required doses of insulin for diabetic patients. In this chapter, we
will discuss different types of biosensors developed, their working mechanism, and the
current scenario of biosensors in diabetes diagnosis
Introduction to Chemical Safety in Chemical and Process Industries
Authors: Fabbricino Massimiliano , Andreozzi Roberto , Clarizia Laura , Cesaro Alessandra , Policastro Grazia , di Giovanni Concetta
Published: September 2023

Accidental events in chemical and process industries may have catastrophic
consequences. The present chapter aims at discussing the hazards and risks in chemical and
process industries, where chemical species are used and/or transformed. After defining the
concept of chemical risk, the possible accidental events in the process industry are presented
based on their probability of occurrence. Some examples of relevant chemical accidents that
occurred in the past are thoroughly discussed further. Safety measures (i.e., preventive and
protective procedures) in safety and process industries and primary and secondary reactions are
also described. Finally, a screening method capable of providing a hazard evaluation by
calculating the power released during the thermal decomposition of a substance (i.e., the
CHETAH method) is presented.
Heterogeneous Explosions III
Authors: Fabbricino Massimiliano , Andreozzi Roberto , Clarizia Laura , Cesaro Alessandra , Policastro Grazia , di Giovanni Concetta
Published: September 2023

Triangular flammability diagrams are herein presented as useful tools to evaluate the
flammability of air-combustible mixtures. The nose-type diagrams and the Minimum Ignition
Energy are also described in the following chapter.
Preventive and Protective Measures
Authors: Fabbricino Massimiliano , Andreozzi Roberto , Clarizia Laura , Cesaro Alessandra , Policastro Grazia , di Giovanni Concetta
Published: September 2023

Preventive measures are used to prevent explosive phenomena. In particular,
inertization and ventilation procedures are discussed. Despite the adoption of these measures,
explosive phenomena may still occur. Therefore, protective measures are necessary to reduce
damages. Fire classes are also presented in this chapter.
Community Empowerment of Ngingit Village, Tumpang District, Malang Regency through Suweg Processed Products in the Framework of Raising the Existence of Local Food Ingredients Towards a Food Self-Sufficiency Village.
Authors:   Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Yosi  Pratiknoi Mochammad , Budi  Astuti Ani , Aziza  Ul  Akrimah Yasma , Seftyaningtyas Endryana , Nur Alvia Siva , Trio Eko Putro Bayu Hangga
Published: September 2023

The problem of food is something that needs to be considered because it will have an impact on all aspects of the line of life. One of the breakthroughs made to overcome food problems is the Food Self-Sufficiency Movement, namely maintaining food security with several steps. One of the programs that support food self-sufficiency is KAMPA (“Gerakan Mandiri Pangan”/ Food Independece). The purpose of the KAMPA is to provide training to the community on how to process local food ingredients to make the best possible use of them to meet their nutritional needs. In addition, CAMPA aims to raise the value of local food ingredients that are still minimal in their use, one of which is the Suweg plant.This food independent activity was carried out in Ngingit Village in partnership with PKK. The training wascarried out by processing suweg into several preparations such as cookies, noodles, meatballs and cereals. The method used in this research is Participatory Action Research (PAR) where the active role of the community is needed for program sustainability.The results of this program are in the form of several preparations that can be made by partners and can be developed for the formation of MSMEs so that in the long term food self-sufficiency can be formed in the region, especially the Ngingit area.
Turtle Conservation Management At Sosadale Beach, Rote Ndao District, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
Authors:   Program  Studi  Ilmu  Kelautan  Fakultas  Perikanan  dan  Ilmu  Kelautan,  Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Oktavia  Sitorus Nia Claudia , Susan Sisilia ,   Program  Studi  Ilmu  Kelautan  Fakultas  Perikanan  dan  Ilmu  Kelautan,  Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Magdhalena Rafella Dorcas Dyah ,   Badan  Kawasan  Konservasi  Perairan  Nasional  (BKKPN),  Kupang  Wilker  Rote, Indonesia, Kartika Sari Wahida ,   Program  Studi  Ilmu  Kelautan  Fakultas  Perikanan  dan  Ilmu  Kelautan,  Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Setyawan Fahreza Okta ,   Program  Studi  Ilmu  Kelautan  Fakultas  Perikanan  dan  Ilmu  Kelautan,  Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Isdianto Andik ,   Riset   Grup-Coastal   Resilience   and   Climate   Changes   Adaptation   (CORECT), Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Aliviyanti Dian ,   Riset   Grup-Coastal   Resilience   and   Climate   Changes   Adaptation   (CORECT), Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: September 2023

Penyu merupakan kelompok reptil yang mampu hidup hingga ratusan tahun. Keberadaan penyu sangat penting terutama untuk memelihara keseimbangan ekosistem laut. Perkembangbiakan penyu yang lambat serta adanya cekaman lingkungan menyebabkan jumlah populasinya menurun setiap tahun bahkan hingga statusnya langka (endangered) di alam. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya konservasi untuk menjaga kelestarian penyu, seperti yang sudah dilakukan oleh Kelompok Konservasi Camar Laut. Kelompok ini sudah merintis kegiatan konservasi penyu mulai Tahun 2016 di Pantai Sosadale, Desa Siomeda, Kabupaten Rote Ndao, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengelolaan konservasi penyu oleh Kelompok Konservasi Camar Laut di Pantai Sosadale. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah partisipasi aktif yaitu peneliti terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan pengelolaan konservasi penyu bersama Kelompok Konservasi Camar Laut. Jenis pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil perolehan data akan dikonfirmasi dengan metode penelitian secara deskriptif. Melalui kegiatan konservasi yang sudah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa penyu lekang (Lepidochelys olivacea) merupakan jenis penyu yang sering mendarat di Pantai Sosadale. Pengelolaan konservasi penyu yang dilakukan meliputi kegiatan monitoring peneluran penyu hingga penetasan, dan kegiatan pemeliharaan dan pembesaran tukik, serta pelepasan dan penandaan penyu (tagging). Kegiatan konservasi yang sudah dilakukan diharapkan mampu menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan, terutama kelestarian penyu di alam
Analisis Pengelolaan Dana Partai Terhadap Masa Depan Partai Politik: Sebuah Kajian Penguatan Party-ID Terhadap Partai Politik Baru 2019
Authors: Rakhman Moh. Arief , Abdi Muhammad Hatta
Published: September 2023

This article tries to look at the opportunities that new political parties in Indonesia have to provide political education related to the issue of political finance transparency as social capital in increasing participation to electoral support in society. The Law on Public Information Openness (UU KIP) and the Law on Political Parties have obliged political parties to manage their finances with the principles of transparency and accountability, but most have not yet revealed the reporting of political party financial reports that are publicly published. Focusing on the emergence of 4 (four) new political parties that participated in the 2019 election contestation, gave rise to opportunities to be able to attract voter sympathy in order to gain electoral potential by demonstrating internal financial management, bringing transparency through clear financial reports. With a descriptive qualitative approach it was found that the relationship between the identity of political parties and the management of political party funds towards 4 (four) new political parties was still weak. This phenomenon is a result of still being "blurred" and covered by issues of transparency and accountability of funding by new political parties.
Normal and Aberrant Muscle Tissue Healing, Learning from Health and Disease
Authors: Kostek Matthew , Liu Siyu
Published: September 2023

Human skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity, being responsive to chemical, mechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory stress. When the homeostatic disturbance is below a threshold of significant damage, the muscle responds by modifying metabolic activity, cell size/shape, and structure, thereby normalizing cellular function. If the disturbance causes significant damage, skeletal muscle, along with a precisely choreographed response from the immune system, can regenerate. Very few pathological conditions inhibit these adaptive responses in muscle. Yet, from these few conditions, we can learn a great deal. Working with the immune system, normal muscle healing can inform disease treatments, and the disease pathology informs our understanding of normal muscle healing. Here we use Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) as a model of failed muscle adaptation/regeneration to attempt to understand normal muscle healing, why it sometimes fails, and how normal muscle response might be applied to understand and treat DMD.
Resilience and Burnout among Medical Students: The Role of Difficulties with Emotion Regulation as A Mediator
Authors: Ensz Jordan , Mohiyeddini Changiz
Published: September 2023

Burnout is a chronic state of exhaustion caused by prolonged stress. Medical training has been shown to leave many medical students vulnerable to burnout, which can negatively impact their health and patient care. While resilience has been associated with lower burnout, the mechanisms through which resilience reduces burnout are not well established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between resilience and burnout among medical students. For this cross-sectional study, we conducted a power analysis to determine the necessary sample size and recruited 82 medical students (mean age = 25.2, 35.4% male) to complete a questionnaire that measured burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory), difficulties with emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale), and resilience (Brief Resilience Scale). Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the mediation model. Our results indicate that difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between resilience and burnout, with a significant indirect effect of resilience on burnout. The mediation model explained 16% of the variance in burnout. In conclusion, difficulties in emotion regulation may increase the risk of burnout among medical students. Our findings suggest that enhancing resilience and adaptive emotion regulation could help protect medical students against burnout.
Diabetes Life Expectancy Prediction Model Inputs and Results From Patient Surveys Compared With Electronic Health Record Abstraction: Survey Study
Authors: Bernstein Sean , Gilson Sarah , Zhu Mengqi , Nathan Aviva G , Cui Michael , Press Valerie G , Shah Sachin , Zarei Parmida , Laiteerapong Neda , Huang Elbert S
Published: September 2023

Background

Prediction models are being increasingly used in clinical practice, with some requiring patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The optimal approach to collecting the needed inputs is unknown.

Objective

Our objective was to compare mortality prediction model inputs and scores based on electronic health record (EHR) abstraction versus patient survey.

Methods

Older patients aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes at an urban primary care practice in Chicago were recruited to participate in a care management trial. All participants completed a survey via an electronic portal that included items on the presence of comorbid conditions and functional status, which are needed to complete a mortality prediction model. We compared the individual data inputs and the overall model performance based on the data gathered from the survey compared to the chart review.

Results

For individual data inputs, we found the largest differences in questions regarding functional status such as pushing/pulling, where 41.4% (31/75) of participants reported difficulties that were not captured in the chart with smaller differences for comorbid conditions. For the overall mortality score, we saw nonsignificant differences (P=.82) when comparing survey and chart-abstracted data. When allocating participants to life expectancy subgroups (<5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years), differences in survey and chart review data resulted in 20% having different subgroup assignments and, therefore, discordant glucose control recommendations.

Conclusions

In this small exploratory study, we found that, despite differences in data inputs regarding functional status, the overall performance of a mortality prediction model was similar when using survey and chart-abstracted data. Larger studies comparing patient survey and chart data are needed to assess whether these findings are reproduceable and clinically important.
Content Quality of YouTube Videos About Metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Women: Systematic Assessment
Authors: Morena Nina , Ahisar Yitzchok , Wang Xena , Nguyen Diana , Rentschler Carrie A , Meguerditchian Ari N
Published: September 2023

Background

Young women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are part of a digitally connected generation yet are underserved in terms of information needs. YouTube is widely used to find and identify health information. The accessibility of health-related content on social media together with the rare and marginalized experiences of young women with MBC and the digital media practices of younger generations imply a considerable likelihood that young women with MBC will seek information and community on the internet.

Objective

This study aims to assess the content quality of MBC YouTube videos and to identify themes in the experiences of young women with MBC based on YouTube videos.

Methods

A systematic assessment of MBC YouTube videos using the search term “metastatic breast cancer young” was conducted in August 2021. The search was performed in an incognito browser and with no associated YouTube or Google account. Search results were placed in order from most to least views. Title, date uploaded, length, poster identity, number of likes, and number of comments were collected. Understandability and actionability were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT); information reliability and quality were assessed with DISCERN. Themes, sponsorships, and health care professionals’ and patients’ narratives were reported.

Results

A total of 101 videos were identified. Of these, 78.2% (n=79) included sponsorships. The mean PEMAT scores were 78.8% (SD 15.3%) and 43.1% (SD 45.2%) for understandability and actionability, respectively. The mean DISCERN score was 2.44 (SD 0.7) out of 5. Identified themes included treatment (n=67, 66.3%), family relationship (n=46, 45.5%), and motherhood (n=38, 37.6%).

Conclusions

YouTube videos about young women with MBC are highly understandable but demonstrate moderate rates of actionability, with low reliability and quality scores. Many have a commercial bias. While web-based materials have limitations, their potential to provide patient support is not fully developed. By acknowledging their patients’ media habits, health care professionals can further develop a trusting bond with their patients, provide a space for open and honest discussions of web-based materials, and avoid any potential instances of confusion caused by misleading, inaccurate, or false web-based materials.
MASI, a Smartphone App to Improve Treatment Adherence Among South African Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mulawa Marta I , Hoare Jacqueline , Knippler Elizabeth T , Mtukushe Bulelwa , Matiwane Mluleki , Muessig Kathryn E , Al-Mujtaba Maryam , Wilkinson T Harper , Platt Alyssa , Egger Joseph R , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Adolescents and young adults with HIV repeatedly demonstrate low rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence as well as low rates of viral suppression. Digital health interventions are a promising way to engage adolescents and young adults with HIV to support ART adherence. However, few digital health interventions have been developed and tested with adolescents and young adults in countries like South Africa, where the HIV burden among adolescents and young adults is greatest. Masakhane Siphucule Impilo Yethu (MASI; Xhosa for “Let's empower each other and improve our health”) is a comprehensive ART adherence-supporting app for South African adolescents and young adults with HIV. It was culturally adapted using the HealthMpowerment platform.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to describe the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial examining the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of MASI on self-reported ART adherence and social support.

METHODS

We will enroll 50 adolescents and young adults with HIV ages 15-21 years. Participants will be recruited from public ART clinics linked to a large government-funded teaching hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Participants will be randomized 1:1 into either the intervention arm receiving a full version of MASI or the control arm receiving an information-only version of the app (n=25 per arm). Participants will be asked to engage with MASI daily for 6 months. All participants will complete baseline and follow-up assessments at 3 and 6 months.

RESULTS

Study screening began in May 2022 and the first participant was enrolled on June 21, 2022. As of June 12, 2023, 81 participants have completed screeners, and 36 eligible participants have been enrolled in the pilot randomized controlled trial. Recruitment is anticipated to last through August 31, 2023, with study activities anticipated through February 29, 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

There is an urgent need for innovative interventions to improve ART adherence among adolescents and young adults in settings like South Africa. If found to be feasible and acceptable, MASI could be implemented with adolescents and young adults with HIV in other parts of the country.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04661878; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04661878

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/47137
Recent Trends in Telehealth for Substance Use Disorder Services: A Comparison of Utilization Rates During and Following COVID-19 Safety Distancing Recommendations (Preprint)
Authors: Pusnik Adrijana , Hartzler Bryan , Vjorn Olivia , Rutkowski Beth A. , Chaple Michael , Becker Sara , Freese Thomas , Nichols Maureen , Molfenter Todd
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 social distancing guidelines resulted in a dramatic transition to telephone and video technologies to deliver substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Before COVID-19, the question was, “Would telehealth would ever take hold for SUD services?” Now that social distancing guidelines have been lifted, the question is, “Will telehealth remain a commonly used care modality?” The principal purpose of the investigation was to examine the extent to which telehealth use in SUD service settings persisted following the lifting of COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations. Additionally, the study aimed to explore practitioners’ perceptions of telehealth convenience and value after its regular implementation.

OBJECTIVE

Compare and contrast telehealth activity between time intervals: May–August 2020 (during peak COVID-19 safety distancing recommendations) and October–December 2022 (following discontinuation of distancing recommendations), for a) telehealth technologies and services, b) perceived usefulness of telehealth, c) ease of use of telephone- and video-based telehealth services, and d) organizational readiness to use telehealth.

METHODS

An online survey measured the use of telehealth technologies for delivering a specific set of SUD services and explored the perceived readiness to use and satisfaction with telephonic and video services using identical scales of a previously published telehealth utilization study by [1]. Six of 10 Regional Addiction Technology Transfer Centers (ATTCs) distributed the survey in their respective regions, collectively spanning 37 states. Staff member responses from this 2022 cross-sectional survey were compared to staff member responses in the 2020 cross-sectional survey. Staff member responses in 2020 and 2022 were anonymous and comprised two separate samples, so an accurate longitudinal model could not be analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 375 organizations responded to the 2022 survey (vs. 457 in 2020). Baseline organizational characteristics were similar to the 2020 sample. Telephone and video telehealth use remained >50% for screening and assessment, case management, peer recovery support services, and regular outpatient services. Yet, nearly all SUD services delivered by phone and video significantly declined from 2020 to 2022, while perceived usefulness and ease of use of telehealth did not significantly change from 2020 to 2002 for most SUD services.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite lower telephone and video utilization, both video-based and telephonic modalities for telehealth service continue to be perceived positively. Future research may further determine the relative cost and clinical effectiveness of video-based services, and thereby help to address some sources of the noted challenges to implementation by SUD organizations.
Value of Electronic Health Records Measured Using Financial and Clinical Outcomes: Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Modi Shikha , Feldman Sue S , Berner Eta S , Schooley Benjamin , Johnston Allen
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 was legislated to reduce health care costs, improve quality, and increase patient safety. Providers and organizations were incentivized to exhibit meaningful use of certified electronic health record (EHR) systems in order to achieve this objective. EHR adoption is an expensive investment, given the resources and capital that are invested. Due to the cost of the investment, a return on the EHR adoption investment is expected.

OBJECTIVE

This study performed a value analysis of EHRs. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between EHR adoption levels and financial and clinical outcomes by combining both financial and clinical outcomes into one conceptual model.

METHODS

We examined the multivariate relationships between different levels of EHR adoption and financial and clinical outcomes, along with the time variant control variables, using moderation analysis with a longitudinal fixed effects model. Since it is unknown as to when hospitals begin experiencing improvements in financial outcomes, additional analysis was conducted using a 1- or 2-year lag for profit margin ratios.

RESULTS

A total of 5768 hospital-year observations were analyzed over the course of 4 years. According to the results of the moderation analysis, as the readmission rate increases by 1 unit, the effect of a 1-unit increase in EHR adoption level on the operating margin decreases by 5.38%. Hospitals with higher readmission payment adjustment factors have lower penalties.

CONCLUSIONS

This study fills the gap in the literature by evaluating individual relationships between EHR adoption levels and financial and clinical outcomes, in addition to evaluating the relationship between EHR adoption level and financial outcomes, with clinical outcomes as moderators. This study provided statistically significant evidence (P<.05), indicating that there is a relationship between EHR adoption level and operating margins when this relationship is moderated by readmission rates, meaning hospitals that have adopted EHRs could see a reduction in their readmission rates and an increase in operating margins. This finding could further be supported by evaluating more recent data to analyze whether hospitals increasing their level of EHR adoption would decrease readmission rates, resulting in an increase in operating margins. Hospitals would incur lower penalties as a result of improved readmission rates, which would contribute toward improved operating margins.
Efficiencies, Risks, and Rabbit Holes: Primary Care Providers' Perceptions of Using Email to Communicate with Patients: Results from the MAAP-NS Census Survey Data (Preprint)
Authors: Gard Marshall Emily , Vermeir Ella
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Prior to COVID-19, few primary care providers (PCPs) in Canada used virtual care compared to other countries. Despite known benefits for providers and patients, concerns about security and quality of care hindered the uptake of virtual care options. During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care options were rolled out rapidly out of necessity to continue to provide primary care while minimizing transmission of the virus. Video and telephone virtual care options have been most widely used, with little attention given to asynchronous modalities such as secure messaging and video.

OBJECTIVE

As decision-makers consider the role of virtual care moving forward into a post-pandemic world, it may be useful to explore the perspectives of PCPs on the use of email pre-COVID.

METHODS

We analyzed a subset of data from the MAAP-NS Study follow-up provider survey, looking at two questions from the survey pertaining to the use of email in primary care.

RESULTS

PCPs generally felt that email would not be useful to correspond with patients in their practice. PCPs identified barriers to email utilization, including lack of fee codes, the potential for increased work, and concerns around patient access and use. PCPs identified some benefits of email use, including flexibility, ease of use, and improved documentation.

CONCLUSIONS

PCPs identified benefits of email use in practice, but there is a need to address the concerns and barriers identified by providers to improve the uptake of email communication in practice and ensure that it is an innovation that remains beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Many concerns raised by PCPs can be managed through various policies. Our findings give voice to providers who must choose whether to use this modality and highlights what is needed to make this modality successful. We have identified the core concerns of PCPs and have identified for whom this modality is useful and for whom it is more challenging. These findings are useful for Canadian PCPs, where the use of email has been underexplored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the use of email in primary care practice, but the implementation has been largely done informally. Formalizing this modality through practice guidelines, policies, and remuneration could support its success.
Стратегія геріатричної фармакотерапії гіпертонічної хвороби
Authors: Kovalyova O.M. , Shapkin V.Ye. , Zhuravliova A.K.
Published: September 2023

Стаття містить огляд літературних джерел, присвячених стратегії лікування хворих похилого й старечого віку з гіпертонічною хворобою. Наведено дані стосовно поширеності, прогностичної значимості побічних ефектів лікарських засобів залежно від клінічних ситуацій. В історичному аспекті подано методологію створення концепції потенційно невідповідних препаратів для осіб, старших за 65 років. На підставі аналізу публікацій наведено частоту призначення хворим потенційно невідповідних препаратів згідно з досвідом лікувальної практики і критеріями Beers, START/STOPР, EU(7)-PIM list. Узагальнено побічні ефекти антигіпертензивних засобів і клініко-лабораторні методи, застосування яких дозволяє запобігти розвитку цих побічних ефектів, з метою запровадження персоніфікованого підходу та оптимізації медикаментозної терапії у хворих старших вікових груп.
Pengalaman Ibu Hamil dan Melahirkan Bayi dengan Kelainan Kongenital
Authors: Pamungkas Atik Mahmudah , Triratnawati Atik , Utami Fitria Siswi , Suryantoro Purnomo
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang: Menurut data Kementerian Kesehatan tahun 2018 menyatakan bahwa angka kematian bayi di Indonesia menurun, namun kematian bayi yang disebabkan karena kelainan kongenital meningkat yaitu sebesar 1,4 %. Ibu yang tidak mengetahui sejak awal kelainan kongenital pada janin di dalam kandungannya dapat meningkatkan terjadinya stres dan kesulitan dalam merawat bayinya. Ibu yang mengalami stres dapat menurunkan kadar serotonin dan akan menekan pengeluaran hormon oksitosin sehingga ASI (air susu ibu) yang dikeluarkan juga terganggu dan akan mengakibatkan terganggunya proses pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi sehingga pemenuhan gizi dan kenaikan berat badan bayi menjadi terganggu.Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengalaman ibu hamil dan melahirkan bayi dengan kelainan kongenital.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2020.Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa selama kehamilan ibu merasa tidak ada keluhan yang berbeda dari kehamilan sebelumnya namun mengalami kesulitan saat melahirkan. Semua kelainan kongenital sulit terdeteksi saat hamil meskipun ibu telah rutin periksa kehamilan dan melakukan USG ke tenaga kesehatan. Mayoritas ibu mengatakan telah mencoba menyusui secara langsung kepada bayinya meskipun ada perasaan takut. Namun karena kondisi yang tidak memungkinkan seperti bayi masih ketegantungan dengan alat rumah sakit dan ASI ibu yang keluar sedikit membuat ibu memberikan ASI donor atau formula kepada bayinya. Adanya dukungan dari berbagai pihak seperti keluarga, tenaga kesehatan, lingkungan dan tingkat spiritualitas yang baik membuat ibu mulai dapat menerima dengan ikhlas.Kesimpulan: Dikarenakan diagnosa kelainan kongenital masih sulit dideteksi meskipun ibu sudah rutin melakukan pemeriksaan di tenaga kesehatan saat hamil, sehingga keadaan ini membuat ibu kaget syok dan sedih. Diharapkan adanya pendampingan kepada ibu yang mempunyai bayi dengan kelainan kongenital terutama pada faktor psikologi dan perlunya penambahan program mengenai deteksi kelainan kongenital pada ibu hamil.
Aplikasi Si DITA Berbasis Android terhadap Peningkatan Motivasi Orangtua Melakukan Stimulasi Deteksi Dini Tumbuh Kembang
Authors: Fatsena Rizka Adela , Ismail Djauhar , Haksari Ekawaty Lutfia , Rokhanawati Dewi
Published: September 2023

Background: Every parent needs to have the skills to carry out monitoring and stimulate the development of infants and children. Technology-based Early Detection and Growth Stimulation is an innovative pathway to providing health informationObjective: To determine the effect of the Android-based Si DITA application to increase parental motivation to stimulate early detection of growth and development in Az-Zahra Early Childhood Education at Sleman RegencyMethod: Quasi Experiment with pretest-post test control group design design patterns. The sample uses the Lemeshow formula with purposive sampling of 15 respondents in each groupResults and Discussion: Obtained p value = 0.001, states that the Android-based Si DITA application to increase parental motivation to stimulate early detection of growth has a meaningful or influential value. The confounding variables that influence are only prior information, while education and income variables have no effectConclusion: Android-based applications can increase parental motivation to stimulate and detect early growth and development
Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy (Cbt) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Korban Perilaku Kekerasan (Bullying) Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Damaiyanti Siska , Putri Marizki
Published: September 2023

Background: Based on research data from PISA 2018, it was found that 4 out of 10 students in Indonesia have been victims of bullying.  One of the impacts of violent behavior on children (bullying) is anxiety. Objective:The purpose of this study was to address anxiety or the risk of psychosocial disorders by using group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)in Solok CityMethod: This was quasi experimental study with pre-post test group.The sample in this study were elementary school who had experienced bullying. To measure the level of anxiety in victims of violent behavior (bullying) using a measuring tool or instrument known as the Hamilton Rating Scale For Anxiety (HRS - A)Results and Discussion: the results showed that there was a decrease in anxiety among victims of bullying behavior after Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) group therapy (p = 0.031).Conclusion:  CBT can be applied as a method of reducing anxiety that can be given to victims of bullying
Sumber Informasi Kesehatan Ibu Hamil di Indonesia Selama Masa Pandemik Covid 19
Authors: Meo Maria Lupita Nena , Ganika Lenny
Published: September 2023

Background: Barriers to accessing maternal and child health services was the impact of the covid 19 pandemic. This causes obstacles in accessing health information for pregnant women.Objective: This research aims to track the sources of information that were most often used by pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of satisfaction of mothers with the sources of information used.Method: This study was  a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design conducted in 7 islands in Indonesia. The number of respondents who participated in this study were 350 pregnant women who were recruited using random sampling technique. Data were collected online using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Result and Discussion: The results showed that 46.3% of respondents used social media platforms as a source of health information used during the COVID-19 pandemic and 48.8% of respondents stated that they were not satisfied with the sources of information used.Conclusion: The social media platform is the most sought after by pregnant women in Indonesia as a source of health information during the covid 19 pandemic. The use of internet-based health education media must become an alternative to meet health information needs Keywords: accessing health information; covid 19 pandemic; pregnant women