bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical Robots and the Serbian Kolo: A Narrative Analysis of Ana Sokolović’s Géométrie sentimentale (1997)
Authors: Harman Brian
Published: March 2013

Composer Ana Sokolović divided her instrumental work Géométrie sentimentale into large sections inspired by pure geometric shapes — Triangle, Cercle and Carré — describing these sections as three contrasting perspectives of the same musical materials. This article uses a narrative analytical approach as a lens through which to understand these distinct sections and the materials populating them. Inspired by Sokolović’s employment of musical objects in her compositions and by the extra-musical concepts inspiring many of her works, this analysis uses a collection of colourful robot toys as metaphors for the work’s materials. Three unique perspectives of these toys are described: in Triangle, the robots interact as characters on a dramatic stage; in Cercle, they peacefully coexist in slow motion; and in Carré new combinations of robot elements are abruptly juxtaposed against each other. The characteristics and interactions between these toys, as well as the various harmonic ‘masks’ that the composer has them wear, are helpful in understanding Sokolović’s harmonic structure, variation/transformation techniques, formal organization and rhythmic characteristics. The Serbian kolo is also shown as influential on the work, relating directly to the physicality and kinetics of the metaphorical robots.
La intervención internacional: los desafíos de la conceptualización
Authors: Marcela Rojas Diana
Published: March 2013

International intervention is one of the central phenomena in the contemporary political dynamics. However, theoretical developments in the field are still precarious in spite of the extensive literature evidencing the intensification of interventionist practices over the last two decades. This article analyzes the major points of discussion around its conceptualization and presents the challenges derived from the transformation of the interventionist practices under the influence of globalization.
Transformar a los espectadores en un público: un desafío en las campañas transnacionales de defensa de una causa
Authors: Guerrero Bernal Juan Carlos
Published: March 2013

This paper clarifies a distinction the sociologists make between the notions of spectator and public. Based on this distinction and on an ethnographic survey carried out in France among people who are distant spectators of the violence in Colombia, the paper states that these observers cannot be considered as a public concerned by Colombian issues. The purpose is to explain why it is difficult to turn those spectators into a public. This transformation does not come easily, not so much by the fact that many French viewers have no particular ties with Colombia, but rather because of two reasons. Firstly, because it is not common that the Colombian internal problems emerge as a subject of daily discussion in France. Secondly, because French spectators strive to make what is happening in Colombia intelligible.
El espectáculo político del acuerdo humanitario y la mediación de Hugo Chávez durante el segundo mandato de Álvaro Uribe
Authors: Constain Manolo , Rouvinski Vladimir
Published: March 2013

During Álvaro Uribe’s second term in power, diplomatic relations between Colombia and Venezuela were marked by severe difficulties that triggered several crises. With the arrival of Juan Manuel Santos to power, however, these difficulties seem to have been resolved unexpectedly fast. Hence, rather than being a crisis caused by some structural aspects of bilateral relations, the dispute was about misunderstandings and tensions that can be linked to specific dynamics of the relationship between Hugo Chávez and Álvaro Uribe. The authors use the concept of political spectacle proposed by Edelman (1988) in order to examine the relationship in question. From this perspective, the unsuccessful attempt to reach a humanitarian agreement with the mediation of Hugo Chávez that took place during the second half of 2007 can be considered as the first relevant event to analyze in the Venezuelan and Colombian leaders’ conflictive interactions at the time. The article examines the way in which the political developments of this period were interpreted and transmitted by the El Tiempo newspaper immersed in a political spectacle that was based on a government-media relationship and aimed at generating support of the government in the public opinion through the symbolic use of the kidnapping issue.
El comercio como plataforma de la política exterior colombiana en la administración de Juan Manuel Santos
Authors: Vargas-Alzate Luis Fernando , Sosa Santiago , Rodriguez-Rios Juan David
Published: March 2013

This paper analyzes Colombia’s foreign policy during the first year of the Santos administration from a liberal perspective. It explores the relation between the country’s international commerce and its diplomatic actions by using statistical data and official and academic reports about the contemporary international relations. The authors argue that the commercial liberalism is a useful perspective for the analysis of Colombia’s current foreign policy, especially by using the concept of the capitalist peace because the authors have found in commerce a basic platform for the country’s international relations.
La OMC y los derechos humanos: ¿alguna relación?
Authors: Burgos Germán
Published: March 2013

This article argues that the WTO, following its internal norms, has been able to incorporate human rights commitments recognized by both national and international law. Until now, through the special exceptions mechanism this organization has allowed limitations on the international free trade of diamonds mined in war zones, as well as the domestic or compulsory production of medicines in breach of ADPIC rules in situations of national health urgency. On the other hand, the general exceptions mechanism established in certain articles of the GATT and GATS permits breaching free trade rules to protect human rights. Although so far there are some emblematic cases about the way the SSD has interpreted this regulation, this has been limited. Thus, I argue that the relationship between international commercial law administered by the WTO and international human rights questions the thesis of the fragmentation of public international law.
Difluprednate: An Overview
Authors: Mithal Charu , Singh Shilpa , Gupta Sonali , Mithal Sandeep
Published: March 2013

The mainstay in the treatment of ocular inflammation, either post-surgical or endogenous, is the use of steroids. While these agents effectively address inflammation, they are not without their risks, including ocular hypertension and acceleration of cataract formation. The most notorious culprits are the strong steroids, such as prednisolone acetate and betamethasone. This review aims to cover the biochemistry and drug development of difluprednate, a novel synthetic strong steroid emulsion. In vivo pharmacokinetics as well as ocular distribution and metabolism are discussed, followed by a comprehensive summary of phase I, II, and III clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy in patients suffering from postoperative inflammation, posterior segment inflammation or anterior uveitis.
Outcome of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation
Authors: Bangal Surekha , Bhandari Akshay , Gogri Pratik
Published: March 2013

Purpose:

To study the surgical outcome & the complications encountered during & after cataract surgery in Indian patients with pseudoexfoliation.

Materials & Methods:

In this hospital based retrospective study, 50 patients above 50 years of age having cataract with pseudoexfoliation & having normal Intraocular Pressure (IOP) who underwent extracapsular catract surgery were included. Patients with other associated ocular pathology were excluded. Patients were followed up for various complications up to 30th postoperative day.

Results:

Fifty patients with pseudoexfoliation underwent extra capsular cataract surgery. Problems encountered during surgery were small nondilating pupil (26%), zonular dialysis (2%), posterior capsular rupture (6%), vitreous loss (4%), residual lens matter (10%), iridodialysis (4%) hyphema (2%). Post-operative complications were irregular pupil due to sphincterotomy (8%), significant anterior chamber reaction (30%), and exudative membrane formation (6%), corneal oedema with striate keratopathy (32%), iris pigment dispersion (16%), raised intraocular pressure (6%), posterior synechiae (2%) and intraocular lens decentration (2%).

Conclusion:

Patients with pseudoexfoliation are at increased risk for development of surgical and postsurgical complications. Awareness about complications and ability to manage these complications by experienced surgeon is key to success.
Implantation of Multipiece Intraocular Lens with Injector by Hand Rotation: A Simplified Technique
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Gupta Sandeep , Tinwala Sana , Gangar Anita , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: March 2013

Implantation of multipiece intraocular lens (IOL) has been evolving over time. Earlier, it was implanted using the holder-folder system. With the advent of new injector system all the IOLs are now implanted with these systems. Injecting the multipiece IOL is not as smooth and easy as a single piece IOL. We herein describe a technique of implantation of multipiece IOL in the ciliary sulcus by rotation of wrist using the injector system. It provides a smooth implantation of the IOL and minimizes the risk of complications as well as damage to the IOL.
Tacrolimus for Ophthalmic Use: An Update
Authors: Tinwala Sana Ilias , Shekhar Himanshu , Gupta Sandeep , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan S
Published: March 2013

Tacrolimus, a macrolide isolated from a strain of Streptomyces, is an immunosuppressant and is used in cases of organ transplantation. It has a mechanism of action similar to that of cyclosporine. It is a lipophilic molecule which blocks the early phase of T-cell activation, thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription. It is also inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells and impairs prostaglandin synthesis. Tacrolimus has shown to be effective in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases such as corneal graft rejection, ocular inflammation, ocular pemphigoid, and uveitis. In this article, we have tried to update the uses of tacrolimus in ophthalmology.
Sclerosing Agents in Ophthalmology
Authors: Nagpal Smriti , Goel Ruchi , Kumar Sushil , Garg Sonam
Published: March 2013

Sclerotherapy is a surgical procedure used for vascular and lymphatic malformations, in all age groups, wherein a sclerosing agent is injected into a vessel to make it shrink. It involves injection of the agent intravascularly intralesionally or topically, under direct vision or under the guidance of radiological imaging. Sclerotherapy has primarily been used in ophthalmology for treatment of arteriovenous malformations like hemangiomas and carotico-cavernous fistulas, and lymphatic abnormalities like lymphangiomas. Sclerosing agents are chemical compounds which cause endothelial injury leading to inflammation and vascular thrombosis. They may be classified into various categories like detergents, hyperosmotic agents, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents etc. A short description on beta-blockers has also been included in this article, even though beta-blockers are not sclerosants per se. Polyvinyl alcohol, sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) and ethanol may be used for arterio-venous malformations, while for lymphangiomas agents like sodium morrhuate, STS, doxycycline and OK-432 are used. In hemangioma patients, corticosteroids and beta-blockers are amongst the first line therapy.
Can correcting feature location in simulated mean climate improve agreement on projected changes?
Authors: Levy Adam A. L. , Ingram William , Jenkinson Mark , Huntingford Chris , Hugo Lambert F. , Allen Myles
Published: March 2013

To the extent that deficiencies in GCM simulations of precipitation are due to persistent errors of location and timing, correcting the spatial and seasonal distribution of features would provide a physically based improvement in inter‐model agreement on future changes. We use a tool for the analysis of medical images to warp the precipitation climatologies of 14 General Circulation Models (GCMs) closer to a reanalysis of observations, rather than adjusting intensities locally as in conventional bias correction techniques. These warps are then applied to the same GCMs' simulated changes in mean climate under a CO2 quadrupling experiment. We find that the warping process not only makes GCMs' historical climatologies more closely resemble reanalysis but also reduces the disagreement between the models' response to this external forcing. Developing a tool that is tailored for the specific requirements of climate fields may provide further improvement, particularly in combination with local bias correction techniques.
Adaptive control for coupled lagrangian systems with structured uncertainty in the interconnections
Authors: Flores‐Resendiz J. Francisco , Tang Yu
Published: March 2013

In this paper, an adaptive control scheme for coupled lagrangian systems is proposed. The interconnection terms among subsystems are assumed to have known structure and depend nonlinearly on uncertain parameters. Also, these coupling functions are restricted to those which are concave or convex with respect to the parameters. Two parameter adaptation laws are used to estimate local and interconnection unknown parameters. Both centralized and decentralized controls are designed. Ultimately bounded tracking with arbitrary precision is achieved regardless of ability to share information among subsystem. A numerical simulation, consisting of two pendulums interconnected by a nonlinear spring, is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Thermally Induced Cyclic γ ↔ ε Transformation on Shape Memory Effect of a Quenched FeMnSiCrNi Alloy
Authors: Yang Qin , Yu Qinxu , Peng Huabei , Wen Yuhua
Published: March 2013

The effects of thermally induced cyclic γ ↔ ε transformation on microstructures and shape memory effect (SME) are investigated in a quenched Fe14Mn5.5Si8.0Cr5.0Ni alloy. The results show that the annealing at 773 K remarkably improves the SME in the quenched alloy. One thermal cycling between 290 and 773 K remarkably increases the SME, but the further thermal cycling hardly improves the SME. The reason is that the amount of thermal ε martensite remarkably reduces after annealing at 773 K, but it hardly changes with the further increase of thermal cycling between 290 and 773 K. The pre‐existing thermal ε martensite not only prevents the occurrence of stress‐induced ε martensitic transformation but also promotes the formation of α′ martensite.
Non‐Monogamous Copulations and Potential Within‐Group Mating Competition in White‐Faced Saki Monkeys (Pithecia pithecia)
Authors: THOMPSON CYNTHIA L.
Published: March 2013

Many primates display within‐species variation in social organization and mating system. Individuals of these species may be confronted with both the challenges of between‐group competition to exclude same‐sex competitors as well as within‐group competition for mating opportunities. Free‐ranging white‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia) live in both male–female pairs and small multi‐male, multi‐female groups. Despite commonly held views that this species is monogamous, there are currently no published accounts of mating patterns in the genusPithecia. I recorded copulations and sexual behavior from three free‐ranging groups of white‐faced sakis at Brownsberg Naturepark, Suriname over a period of 17 months. Groups displayed both monogamous and polygynandrous mating. Individuals in polygynandrous groups were not observed to mate more frequently with certain partners. Copulation harassment occurred in 8.6% of copulations (totalN = 81) and was performed by both sexes. This harassment successfully prevented ejaculation in six out of seven instances and harassment by males resulted in male–male aggression on four occasions. Two cases of female‐directed sexual aggression by males were also observed, which may indicate that males use sexual coercion to influence female mating behavior. Although based on a small number of groups, these data show that white‐faced sakis display variability in mating system and that this variability is not directly dictated by social organization. Furthermore, groups with promiscuous copulations exhibit behaviors indicative of within‐group mating competition. Am. J. Primatol. 75:817–824, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population structure of short‐finned pilot whales in the oceanic archipelago of Madeira based on photo‐identification and genetic analyses: implications for conservation
Authors: Alves Filipe , Quérouil Sophie , Dinis Ana , Nicolau Cátia , Ribeiro Cláudia , Freitas Luís , Kaufmann Manfred , Fortuna Caterina
Published: March 2013

Pilot whalesGlobicephalaspp. are known to display a hierarchical social pattern, but longitudinal data to infer population structure of short‐finned pilot whalesGlobicephala macrorhynchusare rare.

Using data collected between 2003‐2011 in the oceanic archipelago of Madeira, the grouping structure of short‐finned pilot whales was studied using photo‐identification methods and mtDNA sequences and microsatellite markers to test the hypotheses that (1) there is at least one pelagic and one or more island‐associated communities, and (2) groups are made of related individuals, with a matrilineal social structure.

Pilot whales demonstrated a large degree of variability in site fidelity, including residents (up to 14‐year interval), regular visitors and transients. The social and temporal analyses revealed a well‐differentiated society with long‐lasting relationships (of years). The genetic analyses suggested that individuals of the three residency patterns may not be genetically isolated, and that small groups are made up of related individuals, suggesting some degree of social philopatry, while large groups are probably temporary associations of smaller groups.

It is proposed that the pilot whales encountered in Madeira belong to a single population encompassing several clans, possibly three clans of island‐associated whales and others of transients, each containing two to three matrilineal pods, each with a mean of 15 individuals (SD=9, range: 4‐29). We suggest that the clans interact for mating purposes when they meet.

For management decisions, it is considered that the island‐associated whales should not be regarded as demographically independent populations, but instead as stable social entities to be included in governmental management plans and requiring periodic evaluation of their status. The high proportion of marked individuals and low rate of mark change encourages further research in this species.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which Patients Are Most Likely to Benefit From Total Joint Arthroplasty?
Authors: Hawker Gillian A. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Croxford Ruth , Davis Aileen M. , Dunn Sheila , Gignac Monique A. , Jaglal Susan B. , Kreder Hans J. , Sale Joanna E. M.
Published: March 2013

Objective

To evaluate patient predictors of good outcome following total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Methods

A population cohort with hip/knee arthritis (osteoarthritis [OA] or inflammatory arthritis) ages ≥55 years was recruited between 1996 and 1998 (baseline) and assessed annually for demographics, troublesome joints, health status, and overall hip/knee arthritis severity using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC). Survey data were linked with administrative databases to identify primary TJAs. Good outcome was defined as an improvement in WOMAC summary score greater than or equal to the minimal important difference (MID; 0.5 SD of the mean change). Logistic regression and Akaike's information criterion were used to determine the optimal number of predictors and the best model of that size. Log Poisson regression was used to determine the relative risk (RR) for a good outcome.

Results

Primary TJA was performed in 202 patients (mean age 71.0 years; 79.7% female; 82.7% with >1 troublesome hip/knee; 65.8% knee replacements). Mean improvement in WOMAC summary score was 10.2 points (SD 18.05; MID 9 points). Of these patients, 53.5% experienced a good outcome. Four predictors were optimal. The best 4‐variable model included pre‐TJA WOMAC, comorbidity, number of troublesome hips/knees, and arthritis type (C statistic 0.80). The probability of a good outcome was greater with worse (higher) pre‐TJA WOMAC summary scores (adjusted RR 1.32 per 10‐point increase; P < 0.0001), fewer troublesome hips/knees (adjusted RR 0.82 per joint; P = 0.002), OA (adjusted RR for rheumatoid arthritis versus OA 0.33; P = 0.009), and fewer comorbidities (adjusted RR per condition 0.88; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

In an OA cohort with a high prevalence of multiple troublesome joints and comorbidity, only half achieved a good TJA outcome, defined as improved pain and disability. A more comprehensive assessment of the benefits and risks of TJA is warranted.
Changes in Lipoproteins Associated With Methotrexate Therapy or Combination Therapy in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From the Treatment of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial
Authors: Navarro‐Millán Iris , Charles‐Schoeman Christina , Yang Shuo , Bathon Joan M. , Bridges S. Louis , Chen Lang , Cofield Stacey S. , Dell'Italia Louis J. , Moreland Larry W. , O'Dell James R. , Paulus Harold E. , Curtis Jeffrey R.
Published: March 2013

Objective

To study changes in lipid profiles at 24 weeks among patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) participating in the Treatment of Early RA (TEAR) trial and randomized to receive methotrexate (MTX) plus etanercept, triple therapy (MTX plus sulfasalazine plus hydroxychloroquine), or aggressively titrated MTX monotherapy.

Methods

This TEAR substudy included 459 participants with biologic specimens. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured at 0 and 24 weeks.

Results

At 24 weeks, there were statistically significant increases in mean cholesterol levels in the MTX plus etanercept, triple therapy, and MTX monotherapy arms. The observed increases were 31.4 mg/dl, 28.7 mg/dl, and 30 mg/dl in LDL cholesterol, 19.3 mg/dl, 22.3 mg/dl, and 20.6 mg/dl in HDL cholesterol, and 56.8 mg/dl, 53 mg/dl, and 57.3 mg/dl in total cholesterol (P < 0.0001 versus baseline for each comparison). There was a statistically significant decrease in the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks in all 3 treatment groups versus baseline. There was no difference in any lipid changes between the 3 treatment arms. After multivariable adjustment, change in C‐reactive protein, but not the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, was associated with change in LDL cholesterol (P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (P = 0.01). Baseline glucocorticoid use was associated with changes in HDL cholesterol (P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol increased comparably shortly after initiation of MTX plus etanercept, triple therapy, and MTX monotherapy among patients with early RA with active disease participating in a clinical trial. The clinical relevance of short‐term changes in traditional lipids on cardiovascular outcomes remains to be determined.
Metabolic Profiling Predicts Response to Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor α Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kapoor Sabrina R. , Filer Andrew , Fitzpatrick Martin A. , Fisher Benjamin A. , Taylor Peter C. , Buckley Christopher D. , McInnes Iain B. , Raza Karim , Young Stephen P.
Published: March 2013

Objective

Anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapies are highly effective in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but a significant number of patients exhibit only a partial or no therapeutic response. Inflammation alters local and systemic metabolism, and TNF plays a role in this. We undertook this study to determine if the patient's metabolic fingerprint prior to therapy could predict responses to anti‐TNF agents.

Methods

Urine was collected from 16 RA patients and 20 PsA patients before and during therapy with infliximab or etanercept. Urine metabolic profiles were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Discriminating metabolites were identified, and the relationship between metabolic profiles and clinical outcomes was assessed.

Results

Baseline urine metabolic profiles discriminated between RA patients who did or did not have a good response to anti‐TNF therapy according to European League Against Rheumatism criteria, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 85.7%, with several metabolites contributing (in particular histamine, glutamine, xanthurenic acid, and ethanolamine). There was a correlation between baseline metabolic profiles and the magnitude of change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints from baseline to 12 months in RA patients (P = 0.04). In both RA and PsA, urinary metabolic profiles changed between baseline and 12 weeks of anti‐TNF therapy. Within the responders, urinary metabolite changes distinguished between etanercept and infliximab treatment.

Conclusion

The clear relationship between urine metabolic profiles of RA patients at baseline and their response to anti‐TNF therapy may allow development of novel approaches to the optimization of therapy. Differences in metabolic profiles during treatment with infliximab and etanercept in RA and PsA may reflect distinct mechanisms of action.
Periconceptional maternal alcohol consumption and neural tube defects
Authors: Makelarski Jennifer A. , Romitti Paul A. , Sun Lixian , Burns Trudy L. , Druschel Charlotte M. , Suarez Lucina , Olshan Andrew F. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Olney Richard S. ,   and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND: Neural tube defects (NTD)s, which occur when the neural tube fails to close during early gestation, are some of the most common birth defects worldwide. Alcohol is a known teratogen and has been shown to induce NTDs in animal studies, although most human studies have failed to corroborate these results. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, associations between maternal reports of periconceptional (1 month prior through 2 months postconception) alcohol consumption and NTDs were examined.

METHODS: NTD cases and unaffected live born control infants, delivered from 1997 through 2005, were included. Interview reports of alcohol consumption (quantity, frequency, variability, and type) were obtained from 1223 case mothers and 6807 control mothers. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR)s and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS: For all NTDs combined, most aORs for any alcohol consumption, one or more binge episodes, and different type(s) of alcohol consumed were near unity or modestly reduced (≥0.7<aOR≤1.1) and were not statistically significant. Findings were similar for individual NTD subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest no elevated association between maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption and NTDs. Underreporting of alcohol consumption, due to negative social stigma associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and limited reports for mothers with early pregnancy loss of a fetus with an NTD may have affected the estimated odds ratios. Future studies should aim to increase sample sizes for less prevalent subtypes, reduce exposure misclassification, and improve ascertainment offetal deaths and elective terminations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First experience with a new balloon‐expandable and re‐collapsible vascular sheath in transfemoral percutaneous aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sedaghat Alexander , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Werner Nikos
Published: March 2013

Objective

To describe a novel method of transfemoral access via a first generation balloon‐expandable and re‐collapsible access system.

Methods

In a patient at very high risk for surgical aortic valve replacement and with a relative contraindication for transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (left ventricular ejection fraction = 12%), transfemoral TAVI was performed. Due to compromising peripheral vascular anatomy/disease, a novel balloon‐expandable and re‐collapsible sheath system (Onset Medical, a subdivision of Terumo Medical Corporation, Irvine, CA) was used to achieve transfemoral access for the implantation of a 31‐mm Medtronic CoreValve® prosthesis.

Result

The sheath with an initial outer diameter of ∼13 French was introduced via the right common femoral artery and advanced into the descending aorta without difficulties and expanded with a pressure of 20 atm for 60 sec. After successful transfemoral TAVI, the sheath was deflated to a size of ∼13 French and removed from the vessel. A ProStar® closure device was successfully used to achieve hemostasis. Routine access‐site angiography revealed no signs of dissection, stenosis, or extravasation. During the further clinical stay, no further major vascular complication or need for transfusion occurred. The patient was discharged on day 7 after the procedure.

Conclusion

The use of a balloon‐expandable re‐collapsible transfemoral sheath appears to be a promising approach with the potential of less vascular trauma. Further studies will need to evaluate the potential benefit of this novel device in patients with peripheral artery disease and if vascular injury and subsequent access site complications can hereby further be reduced. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel tree kernel partial least squares for modeling the structure–activity relationship
Authors: Huang Xin , Cao Dong‐Sheng , Xu Qing‐Song , Liang Yi‐Zeng
Published: March 2013

Kernel partial least squares (KPLS) has become a popular technique for regression and classification of complex data sets, which is a nonlinear extension of linear PLS in which training samples are transformed into a feature space via a nonlinear mapping. The PLS algorithm can then be carried out in the feature space. In the present study, we attempt to develop a novel tree KPLS (TKPLS) classification algorithm by constructing an informative kernel on the basis of decision tree ensembles. The constructed tree kernel can effectively discover the similarities of samples and select informative features by variable importance ranking in the process of building the kernel. Simultaneously, TKPLS can also handle nonlinear relationships in the structure–activity relationship data by such a kernel. Finally, three data sets related to different categorical bioactivities of compounds are used to evaluate the performance of TKPLS. The results show that the TKPLS algorithm can be regarded as an alternative and promising classification technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twisted Morphologies and Novel Chiral Macroporous Films from the Self‐Assembly of Optically Active Helical Polyphosphazene Block Copolymers
Authors: Suárez‐Suárez Silvia , Carriedo Gabino A. , Tarazona M. Pilar , Presa Soto Alejandro
Published: March 2013

A series of optically active helical polyphosphazene block copolymers of general formula R[NP(O2C20H12)]n‐b‐[NPMePh]m (R‐7 a–c) was synthesized and characterized. The polymers were prepared by sequential living cationic polycondensation of N‐silylphosphoranimines using the mono‐end‐capped initiator [Ph3PNPCl3][PCl6] (5) and exhibit a low polydispersity index (ca. 1.3). The temperature dependence of the specific optical activity ([α]D) of R‐7 a,b relative to that for the homopolymers R‐[NP(O2C20H12)]n (R‐8 a) and the R/S analogues (R/S‐7 a,b), revealed that the binaphthoxy–phosphazene segments induce a preferential helical conformation in the [NPMePh] blocks through a “sergeant‐and‐soldiers” mechanism, an effect that is unprecedented in polyphosphazenes. The self‐assembly of drop‐cast thin films of the chiral block copolymer R‐7 b (bearing a long chiral and rigid R[NP(O2C20H12)] segment) evidenced a transfer of helicity mechanism, leading to the formation of twisted morphologies (twisted “pearl necklace”), not observed in the nonchiral R/S‐7 b. The chiral R‐7 a and the nonchiral R/S‐7 a, self‐assemble by a nondirected morphology reconstruction process into regular‐shaped macroporous films with chiral‐rich areas close to edge of the pore. This is the first nontemplate self‐assembly route to chiral macroporous polymeric films with pore size larger than 50 nm. The solvent annealing (THF) of these films leads to the formation of regular spherical nanostructures (ca. 50 nm), a rare example of nanospheres exclusively formed by synthetic helical polymers.
Correlations between color attributes and children's color preferences
Authors: Gyu “Phillip” Park Jin
Published: March 2013

This study examined the role of color attributes (lightness and saturation) on children's color preferences for interior room colors. It also investigated children's most preferred colors among each of the five major hue families in the Munsell color system using scale‐models. Previous color preference studies have typically been done with small color chips or papers, which are very different from seeing a color applied on wall surfaces. A simulation method allowed for investigating the value of color in real contexts and controlling confounding variables. Forty‐five color samples were displayed on scale‐models to 63 children ages 7–11 years old. This study identified children's most preferred colors among each of the five major hue families in Munsell color system. It also demonstrated that saturation was positively correlated with children's preferences in the red, green, blue, and purple hue families. In the yellow hue family, interestingly, lightness has a positive correlation with preferences. Children's gender differences were found in that girls prefer red and purple more than boys. These findings lead to color application guidelines for designers to understand better color and eventually to create improved environments for children and their families. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 452–462, 2014
Perceived sexual receptivity and fashionableness: Separate paths linking red and black to perceived attractiveness
Authors: Pazda Adam D. , Elliot Andrew J. , Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: March 2013

Abstract: Previous research has documented that the colors red and black influence perceptions of attractiveness for men viewing women. Perceived sexual receptivity has been identified as a mediator for the red‐attraction link, but there has been no research to date on the mechanism linking black to attractiveness. We conducted an experiment to test whether separate, unique mediators were responsible for color effects on attractiveness. We hypothesized that red would lead to attractiveness via perceived sexual receptivity, and that black would lead to attractiveness via perceived fashionableness. The data supported our central hypotheses, suggesting that color stimuli can lead to similar outcomes, but through different psychological processes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 208–212, 2014
No measured effect of a familiar contextual object on color constancy
Authors: Kanematsu Erika , Brainard David H.
Published: March 2013

Some familiar objects have a typical color, such as the yellow of a banana. The presence of such objects in a scene is a potential cue to the scene illumination, since the light reflected from them should on average be consistent with their typical surface reflectance. Although there are many studies on how the identity of an object affects how its color is perceived, little is known about whether the presence of a familiar object in a scene helps the visual system stabilize the color appearance of other objects with respect to changes in illumination. We used a successive color matching procedure in three experiments designed to address this question. Across the experiments we studied a total of six subjects (two in Experiment 1, three in Experiment 2, and four in Experiment 3) with partial overlap of subjects between experiments. We compared measured color constancy across conditions in which a familiar object cue to the illuminant was available with conditions in which such a cue was not present. Overall, our results do not reveal a reliable improvement in color constancy with the addition of a familiar object to a scene. An analysis of the experimental power of our data suggests that if there is such an effect, it is small: less than approximately a change of 0.09 in a constancy index where an absence of constancy corresponds to an index value of 0 and perfect constancy corresponds to an index value of 1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 347–359, 2014
Tolerability and Pulmonary Pharmacodynamic Effects During Treatment Initiation of Once‐Daily Oral Fingolimod in Subjects With Moderate Asthma
Authors: Boulton Craig , David Olivier J. , Meiser Karin , Schmouder Robert
Published: March 2013

Fingolimod, a first‐in‐class sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator, is the first approved oral therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). While treatment initiation of clinical dose of fingolimod (0.5 mg) does not affect pulmonary function, supra‐therapeutic doses (≥5.0 mg) increased airway resistance. The aim of this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, 10‐day study was to measure the effect of fingolimod on pulmonary function in otherwise healthy patients with moderate asthma. Subjects (n = 36) were randomized into four cohorts that received either fingolimod 0.5, 1.25, 2.5 mg, or placebo once daily for 10 days. Subjects in placebo and fingolimod 0.5 mg groups did not differ in FEV1AUEC0–6 h, FEF25–75% AUEC0–6 h, or in short‐acting beta (β) 2 agonists (SABA, rescue bronchodilator) use. Subjects on higher doses of fingolimod showed a mild reduction in FEV1AUEC0–6 h and FEF25–75%AUEC0–6 h and a significant sixfold increase in SABA use versus placebo. One subject had moderately severe, acute exacerbation of asthma after receiving the first dose of fingolimod 1.25 mg that quickly responded to inhaled SABA. The observed safety profile was consistent with previous reports. These results provide reassurance that moderately asthmatic MS individuals can start on fingolimod 0.5 mg therapy with minimal effects on pulmonary function and SABA use.
Rationale, Morals, and Needs Pyramid for Corporate Responsibility Development
Authors: Ketola Tarja
Published: March 2013

This paper builds and tests a RaMoNe pyramid with three dimensions: rationale, morals and needs. The pyramid maps out where companies currently stand in corporate responsibility (CR) and why; and why they should change and how. The conscious economic rationale of companies has led to choices between five levels of CR, demonstrated by an earlier paper in this journal. These alternatives exemplify preconscious levels of moral development, but the highest level, virtue ethical behaviour, has not so far had its counterpart in CR. There are subconscious needs behind the rationale and morals, but the highest level, self‐transcendence needs, has not yet had its match in CR. The conceptual part of this research develops the sixth level of CR to match the virtue ethical behaviour and self‐transcendence needs. The RaMoNe pyramid is tested in four food sector companies, thereby building a model on a case study previously published in this journal. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Analysis of MANET dynamic source routing and its performance enhancements
Authors: Hou Ting‐Chao , Chan Ming‐Chieh , Wu Chien‐Min
Published: March 2013

Since the inception of the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, several enhancements have been proposed, along with other competing routing protocols. All of them provide different degrees of throughput improvement under different scenarios. In this paper, we use DSR as a base, diagnose the contribution of its constituent components, and provide the reason why certain routing enhancements can increase the throughput and under what conditions. A major finding of the study is that the broadcast mechanism used in propagating route request and route error messages has a significant impact on how routing behaves. We also show that unicast route error report and preventive cache update improve throughput at different sides of the mobility spectrum. Finally, we show that aggressive buffer combined with route management provides the best performance improvement on the entire mobility and loading spectrum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Sensitive and Renewable Chlortoluron Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor Based on the Gate‐Controlled Catalytic Electrooxidation of H2O2 on Magnetic Nano‐NiO
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Lianming , Wei Xiaoping , Li Jianping
Published: March 2013

A new sensor was fabricated by MIP synthesized on the surface of magnetic nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles which based on the oxidation current change of H2O2. Chlortoluron was selected as template which can be detected indirectly by the decrease of the H2O2 oxidation current on the NiO nanoparticle‐modified GCE caused by the blocking access after rebinding. A high sensitivity was obtained because of the high catalytic effect of NiO nanoparticles on H2O2 oxidation. Chlortoluron was determined from 1.0×10−8/L to 1.0×10−4 mol/L, with a detection limit of 2.4×10−9 mol/L. The proposed method combines the high sensitivity of the catalytic effect and the high selectivity of the MIP technique. Water samples were assayed using the MIP sensor, and recoveries of 96.9 % to 104.7 % were obtained.
Discrimination of alluvial and mixed bedrock–alluvial multichannel river networks
Authors: Meshkova Liubov V , Carling Paul A
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the use of planview morphological metrics to quantitatively describe and distinguish mixed bedrock–alluvial multichannel networks from alluvial multichannel networks. The geometries of the channel planforms of two bedrock‐constrained networks (Mekong and Orange rivers) are compared with the classic alluvial anastomosed Upper Columbia River and the wandering Ganga River. Widely recognized indices utilized include: channel link count and channel sinuosity, with additional emphasis being given to the less common metrics: network bifurcation angles and island shape characteristics (i.e. aspect ratio, compactness, roundness and convexity). Link count data, with one notable exception, conform to theoretical expectations. Bifurcation angles for all four multichannel rivers are significantly greater than angles reported for braiding rivers. Island convexity clearly discriminates the two alluvial rivers from the two bedrock‐influenced rivers. The width of the macrochannel, in which each network develops, has a positive influence on the number of channel links and is further related to channel slope variations which, in turn, are influenced by terrain structure revealed using trend‐surface analysis. The geometry of multichannel networks are often laterally constrained such that the values of channel bifurcation angles and link sinuosity values reduce as the network intensifies and channel links are shortened. These latter observations go some way to explain the oft‐noted relatively ‘straight’ links seen within multichannel networks which are a necessary adjustment to space‐filling constraints placed on a network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] growing wild at different sites in Morocco
Authors: Elouaddari Anass , El Amrani Abdelaziz , Eddine Jamal Jamal , Correia A. Isabel D. , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Figueiredo A. Cristina
Published: March 2013

The chemical variability of the essential oils isolated from Moroccan chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] full flowering aerial parts, was evaluated. C. mixtus populations were collected from nine regions in Morocco: Benguerir, Bouznika, Chefchaouane, Kenitra, Meknes, Oujda, Settat, Sidi Alal Ibahraoui and Tamesna. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The yields of the essential oils ranged between 0.1% and 0.8% (v/d.w.). Only five of the nine essential oil samples analysed showed good correlation after agglomerative cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of the essential oils. These samples (Benguerir, Kenitra, Settat, Meknes and Tamesna) were characterized by the dominance of camphor (14–27%), β‐myrcene (3–17%) and santolina triene (3–15%). All these and Chefchaouane essential oils showed a blue colour, whereas Oujda, Bouznika and Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oils were yellow. β‐Myrcene (3–17%), trans‐β‐farnesene (18%) and 2‐tridecanone (16%) dominated the Chefchaouane essential oil, whereas trans‐β‐farnesene (43%) was the main component in the Oujda essential oil. 2‐Methyl‐2‐trans‐butenyl methacrylate (34%) dominated sample Bouznika, while santolina alcohol and 1,8‐cineole (17% and 12%, respectively) in the Sidi Alal Ibahraoui essential oil. The variability of Moroccan chamomile essential oil may reflect negatively upon its quality, biological activity and commercial value, thus harvests from the wild population should be avoided. To meet the high‐quality standards and production efficiency, cultivation techniques adapted to local soil types and weather conditions, as well the correct selection of plant varieties most suited to the market should be followed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatility Information in the Trading Activity of Stocks, Options, and Volatility Options
Authors: Wang Yaw‐Huei
Published: March 2013

We investigate the information content of trading activity in S&P 500 component stocks, S&P 500 index options and VIX options on the future realized volatility (RV) of S&P 500 index returns and find that the only consistently useful information on the determination of future RV is provided by trading activity in VIX calls. We also find a discernible increase in the level of predictability when investors are more worried, when the level of information asymmetry in the VIX call market is higher, and when the transaction costs of VIX calls are lower, relative to S&P 500 index options.