bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of historic zoning of the Chinese and Western European cities upon social differentiation in the conditions of urbanization
Authors: Erokhina Lioudmila Dmitrievna , Zhang Hailun
Published: October 2019

The object of this article is the cities of China. The rapid growth and impact of Chinese cities upon the economy, politics and social life of the country and South Eastern part of the world sparks persistent interest of the researchers. Urbanization processes in China has a range of specific features that distinguish them from urbanization in the countries of Western Europe. Their identification is the goal of this article. The subject of this research became the differentiation of the modern Chinese cities and intraurban social stratification. Based on the accepted in Chinese sociology methodology of classification of cities, the author determines the differences between the urban structures of Western European and Chinese cities. The acquired results detect that the urban social and spatial structures in Western Europe have established under the influence of general economic processes that destroyed the traditional urban structure; while the Chinese cities, despite their rapid development, retain historical and cultural continuity of the principles of creation of spatial structure as a result of planned economy and political control. Examination of the peculiarities of urban structure and agglomerations allows forecasting the development of China’s social structure in the context of global transformations.
The analysis of inner structure of urban planning regulations (on the example of the cities of Ural)
Authors: Gushchin Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Sanok Sergei Iosifovich
Published: October 2019

The subject of this research is the inner structure of urban planning regulations. It is a known fact that urban planning regulations were introduces into practice in 2004 due to acceptance of the new revision of the Town Planning Code. Currently, there has accumulated the traditional practice of their usage as the means of urban development management. Therefore, the analysis of inner structure of urban planning regulations and identification of patterns and interdependencies becomes a relevant task in both, theoretical and practical aspects. The authors come to the conclusion that at this point have formed the two ways of comprising urban planning regulations: activity and object. The first one is based on listing the types of permitted use as types of activity; and the second one leans on listing the types of objects that can be created within the framework of the types of permitted use. The authors also conduct a frequency analysis of the types of permitted use contained in urban planning regulations. It is demonstrated that most of the types of permitted use is characteristic to the social and business urban planning zones, and the least of them for recreational and urban planning zones, as well as special purpose zones. The author underlines that the variety of the types of permitted use inversely relates to the level of rigidity of administrative regulation.
Per ritus et preces? Teologia e Ritual Studies
Authors: Cardita Ângelo
Published: October 2019

Este artigo debruça-se sobre o problema do significado do rito, levando a sério a provocação de Frits Staal, segundo o qual, o rito é completamente desprovido de significação. O artigo parte de três traduções diferentes de uma expressão latina presente na constituição conciliar Sacrosanctum Concilium sugerindo que através dos ritos e orações se chega à inteligência do mistério da fé, ao contrário das traduções vernáculas que tendem a subordinar o rito ao mistério, a prática à teoria. Em termos linguísticos, o rito é considerado como um «significante», mas qual é a sua relação com o «significado»? Arbitrária, como considerou Saussure, ou necessária como propôs Benveniste? Mais radicalmente, será que o rito se caracteriza mesmo pela significação? Segundo Frits Staal, o rito deve ser considerado antes como sintaxe pura. As ciências humanas e sociais, contudo, parecem necessitar do pressuposto da significação. Por seu turno, a possibilidade de se considerar a liturgia como uma realidade autorreferencial já tinha sido antecipada por Guardini. Apesar disso, a perspetiva continua a constituir um desafio analítico tanto para as ciências humanas e sociais como para a teologia. Será possível que esta se desenvolva como uma gramática da fé a partir da sintática ritual, à semelhança da gramática generativa de Chomsky que inspira Staal? O artigo sustenta que tal é não somente possível, mas oportuno e necessário.
Ocular findings in Fabry disease in Colombian patients
Authors: Rothstein Katherine , Gálvez Jubby M. , Gutiérrez Ángela M. , Rico Laura , Criollo Eveling , De-la-Torre Alejandra
Published: October 2019

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disorder caused by an alpha-galactosidase enzyme deficiency, which leads to a progressive lysosomal glycosphingolipids accumulation, mainly globotriaosylceramide, in multiple organism tissues including the eye.This case series describes the first ophthalmological Colombian report of Fabry disease highlighting the importance of ocular signs as markers of the disease, useful in diagnosis and treatment to avoid long-term complications that lead to a morbi-mortality increment.We describe five cases of Fabry disease from Bogotá, Colombia, including a complete clinical history, ophthalmologic, optometric examination, and photographs. We found that all patients had refractive defects and that in all cases corneal verticillata pattern was found. Four patients presented with posterior capsule lens brown-beige deposits and four patients had conjunctival and retinal tortuous vessels. A complete ophthalmologic examination is important for prompt diagnosis, which is key to starting a multidisciplinary treatment and reducing morbi-mortality.
Síndrome de desgaste profesional, índice de masa corporal y otros factores asociados con la labor de profesores de educación física de Ibagué, Colombia
Authors: Reyes-Oyola Felipe Augusto , Palomino-Devia Constanza , Aponte-López Néstor Willian
Published: October 2019

Introducción. El síndrome de desgaste profesional en profesores ha ido en aumento durante las últimas décadas y ha suscitado interés por su estudio.Objetivo. Determinar los grados del síndrome de desgaste profesional y su asociación con otros factores de los profesores de educación física de las instituciones educativas del municipio de Ibagué.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 111 docentes de educación física de los colegios de Ibagué, con edades entre los 26 y los 65 años. Las variables sociodemográficas incluyeron el sexo y la edad, y se analizaron las variables propias del síndrome. La información se recolectó utilizando la versión para profesionales de la educación del ‘Cuestionario para la evaluación del síndrome de quemarse (sic) con el trabajo’ (CESQT-PE).Resultados. Los profesores de educación física presentaron niveles bajos del síndrome; 22 docentes (19,8 %) presentaron niveles elevados y de estos, 15 respondían al perfil 1 (síndrome sin sentimientos de culpa) y siete al perfil 2 (síndrome con sentimientos de culpa). En los hombres la prevalencia del síndrome fue mayor, en tanto que en las mujeres las cifras fueron mayores en las dimensiones de desgaste físico y emocional, indolencia y sentimientos de culpa.Conclusiones. Es necesario diseñar e implementar programas de formación orientados a explicar qué es el síndrome de desgaste profesional, cómo y por qué aparece, cómo evoluciona y cuáles son sus síntomas, así como estrategias de prevención e intervención individual que incluyan técnicas de relajación física y de control respiratorio.
¿Responde la Resolución 8430 de 1993 a las necesidades actuales de la ética de la investigación en salud con seres humanos en Colombia?
Authors: Mateus Julio Cesar , Varela María Teresa , Caicedo Diana María , Arias Nhora Lucía , Jaramillo Cruz Deisy , Morales Liliana Cristina , Palma Gloria Inés
Published: October 2019

La verificación del cumplimiento de los principios éticos en la investigación en salud legitima su ejercicio ante la sociedad y posibilita la resolución de dilemas éticos frente a nuevos intereses y métodos de investigación.En Colombia, la Resolución 8430 de 1993 es una de las principales pautas éticas que regulan la investigación en salud. Dado que no ha sido revisada ni actualizada desde su adopción, se hace necesario valorar su vigencia y suficiencia para abordar los potenciales dilemas éticos que se plantean actualmente en la investigación en salud en el país.En este contexto, se detallan algunos vacíos y contradicciones, así como aspectos que requieren de una revisión profunda, a partir de una concepción amplia de las áreas y los métodos de investigación en salud.Tras discutir las principales falencias e imprecisiones, se proponen alternativas para que la Resolución responda a las necesidades actuales del país frente a la ética en investigación en salud con seres humanos.
Incidencia de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos antirretrovirales para el tratamiento de la infección por HIV en pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá
Authors: Badillo Carlos Andrés , Barrera Lizeth Katherine , Arias Gerson , Tribiño Gabriel Fernando , Gamboa Oscar Andrés , García Julio César , Granada Ana María
Published: October 2019

Introducción. El tratamiento antirretroviral de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) se ha relacionado con diversos problemas de los medicamentos que causan o pueden causar la aparición de resultados negativos. En este contexto, es importante determinar su incidencia, caracterizarlos y clasificarlos para diseñar estrategias que minimicen su impacto.Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia global y de cada uno de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos antirretrovirales utilizados en el tratamiento del HIV en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de Bogotá.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de cohorte en pacientes de 18 años o más de edad con diagnóstico de infección por el HIV y en tratamiento antirretroviral, hospitalizados entre el 1° enero de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016 en el Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá.Resultados. La incidencia global de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos antirretrovirales fue de 0,90 (IC95% 0,85-0,93). La incidencia de las interacciones medicamentosas fue de 0,85 (IC95% 0,80-0,90), la de las reacciones adversas de 0,28 (IC95% 0,22-0,35) y la del error de prescripción de 0,12 (IC95% 0,08-0,17).Conclusión. Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos deben estudiarse, diagnosticarse, prevenirse y tratarse para que el personal de salud pueda anticiparse a su aparición, disminuir su incidencia, implementar planes de manejo del riesgo y optimizar el cumplimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral.
Effects of trapping effort and trap placement on estimating abundance of Humboldt’s flying squirrels
Authors: Weldy Matthew J. , Wilson Todd M. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Epps Clinton W.
Published: October 2019

Live trapping is a common tool used to assess demography of small mammals. However, live-trapping is often expensive and stressful to captured individuals. Thus, assessing the relative tradeoffs among study goals, project expenses, and animal well-being is necessary. Here, we evaluated how apparent bias and precision of estimates for apparent annual survival, abundance, capture probability, and recapture probability of Humboldt’s flying squirrels (Glaucomys oregonensis) varied with the number of secondary trapping occasions. We used data from forested sites trapped on 12 consecutive occasions annually in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (9 sites, 6 years) and the Siuslaw National Forest (seven sites, three years) in Oregon. We used Huggins robust design models to estimate parameters of interest for the first 4, 8, and 12 trapping occasions. We also estimated the effect of attaching Tomahawk traps to tree boles on site- and year-specific flying squirrel capture frequencies. Our estimates with 12 occasions were similar to those from previous studies. Abundances and capture probabilities were variable among years on both sites; however, variation was much lower on the Siuslaw sites. Reducing the length of primary trapping occasions from 12 to 8 nights had very little impact on parameter estimates, but further reducing the length of primary trapping occasions to four nights caused substantial apparent bias in parameter estimates and decreased precision. We found that attaching Tomahawk traps to tree boles increased the site- and year-specific capture frequency of flying squirrels. Our results suggest that live-trapping studies targeting Humboldt’s flying squirrels in the Pacific Northwest of the United States could reduce per-site costs and stress to captured individuals without biasing estimates by reducing the length of primary trapping occasions to 8 nights. We encourage similar analyses for other commonly-trapped species in these and other ecosystems.
Impact of Marine Ecosystem Disturbances on Sources of Income in Ibeno Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Udom Ettemfon Silas , Ukpong Iniodu , Ukpong Inibehe , Udom Anietie
Published: October 2019

This research investigated the impact of marine ecosystem disturbances on the sources of income of the people in Ibeno Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. The main objective was to determine the influence of environmental disturbances on the sources of income of people in the oil producing coastal areas of Ibeno. The study took a period of two years and involved collection of water samples from twelve locations in six coastal communities in Ibeno for laboratory analysis, and administration of 410 questionnaires out of which 400 were used to extract data on sources of income (occupation) and environmental disturbances. Multiple regression analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to determine the relationship between sources of income (Y) and environmental disturbances (Xs). In the final analysis, the water physiochemical property test shows a relatively normal nutrients loading in the area but act in synergy with others in impacting on the environment. Seven elements of environmental disturbances were identified; erosion, acid-rain, deforestation, tidal actions, oil pollution, coastal flooding and rise in sea level. The study equally revealed that fishing was the major source of income of the coastal people and was mostly affected. In the regression analysis, the environmental disturbances and the sources of income (occupation) relate significantly at 0.5% probability test. The study concluded that the synergic effect of acid-rain due to oil activities, run-off sediments deposited in the river, direct and accidental discharge of crude into the river, coastal flooding/tidal actions that spread the pollutants along the coast and mangrove removal, destroyed fishes, reduced catch and cause serious decline in the income base of the people in Ibeno. Thus, it is important to promote environmental protection, conservation and sustainable harvesting to remedy the situation.
Residual Effect of Organic Manure (Biochar and Cowdung) on the Growth of Pterocarpus osun
Authors: Musa F. B. , Jayeoba F. M. , Olayiwola V. A. , Adekunle E. A. , Abiodun F. O.
Published: October 2019

The present study aims to determine the residual effects of organic manure (biochar and cowdung) growth of P. osun under a screen house condition. Implementing the use of biochar and different organic sources has been proposed as an option for improving soil fertility, restoring degraded land and sequester large amounts of carbon (C) over the long-term. The study was carried out in Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Pterocarpus osun seeds were collected from the botanical garden at the University of Ibadan. The media for planting (soil) and treatments used had already been established from previous experiments done by using same species (Pterocarpus osun). Seedlings of P. osun were raised in a germination basket for four (4) weeks and twenty four (24) healthy seedlings were selected from the basket on the basis of uniform treatments and then transplanted into the already established media and the experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Data on growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves), collar diameter and dry matter yields were generated and subjected to analysis of variance. The significant means were separated by using LSD at 5% level of significance. The results showed that the interaction of Biochar + Cow dung (30 t/ha +135 g) had the highest diameter with a value of 5.17 mm when compared with the control (no amendments). The   highest plant height was recorded by the interaction of biochar and cow dung at 20 t/ha +135 g with mean value of 11.73 cm while sole application of cow dung also performed well in number of leaves with a mean value 11.50 as compared with the control (no amendment). It is concluded that there is a residual effect in the interaction of biochar and cow dung, which ultimately improves the performance of Pterocarpus osun.
Effect of Recycling of Cotton Stalks on Yield and Yield Attributes of Cotton under Dry Farming Condition
Authors: Vora V. D. , Kaneriya S. C. , Parmar A. D. , Desai N. , Vekariya P. D. , Modhvadiya V. L. , Hirpara D. S.
Published: October 2019

An experiment was under taken on “Effect of recycling of cotton stalks on yield and yield attributes of cotton under dry farming condition”on medium black clayey soil at Dry Farming Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia (Rajkot) during Kharif 2017-19. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The experiment consist of five main plot treatments viz.; S1- Removal of cotton stalks from plot, S2- Surface burning of cotton stalks, S3- Incorporation of cotton stalks using rotavator, S4- Incorporation cotton stalks using mobile chopper and S5- Ex-situ composting of cotton stalks using shredderand three sub plot treatments viz.; D1- One irrigation for decomposting, D2- One irrigation + addition  of N @10 kg/ha through urea + compost culture @ 5 kg/ha, D3 - Addition of  N@ 10 kg/ha through urea + compost culture @ 5 kg/ha at sowing,thus, fifteen treatment combinations. The stalks management practice S5 (Ex-situ composting of cotton stalks using shredder) recorded maximum seed cotton yield (1875 kg/ha). Whereas, effect of de-composting practices on yield attributes and seed cotton yield was found non-significant. However, the maximum seed cotton yield (1823 kg/ha) was recorded under de-composting practice D1 (one irrigation for decomposting).
Farm Waste Recycling Using Consortium of Lignocellulolytic fungi- A Farmers Participatory Approach
Authors: Patil C. R. , Jagadeesh K. S. , Srinivasalu G. , Dasar G. V.
Published: October 2019

The present study was aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of a microbial consortium developed for recycling agro-residues generated in farmer’s level. A consortium of four lignocellulolytic fungi for rapid and uniform decomposition namely; Pleurotus sps, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium, Aspergillums awamori and Trichoderma viridae were taken. All the fungi were developed at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. A total of 2165 farmers participated from 12 Grampanchayats of Naragund taluk, Karnataka. In about 87 per cent of the cases studied the microbial consortium was very effective and the C: N ratio of the compost was 23: 1. Among the different crop residues the initial C:N ratio of 110: 1 and  128:1 while its  decomposed product had C:N in the ratio of 23-26: 1 and 30-34: 1 for maize and cotton respectively.  In case of layers of 8-9 inches of mixed crop the decomposition rate was so high that within 12 weeks 100 per cent substrate wast decomposed. It could be concluded that mixed crop residues in layers of20-24 cm when treated with compost cultures could produce a very good quality compost in less than 12 weeks which otherwise takes about  6-8 months  for a satisfactory product to be obtained without the use of compost culture.
Sustainability and Food Security through Judicial Use of Agricultural Wastes by Technological Intervention for Animal Feeding
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Sunil , Sahu Raghubar , Sahu Jubli , Prasad Muneshwar
Published: October 2019

India has approximately 600 million livestock, which requires almost 1000 million tons of hay or green fodder to sustain present level of productivity. Despite the fact that cereal crop residues are of low feeding value (i.e., poorly available nitrogen, low digestibility with lack of useful minerals) and have low voluntary intakes (around 1.5-2 kg/100 kg mature body weight), they constitute and continue to be an important feed resource for sustainable dairy production in the developing world. Annually >20 million tons of straw biomass is being burnt in the field due to various reasons which is causing serious environmental pollution. On this view feeding trail of urea treated maize straw and huller rice bran and silage of maize feeding in cow was conducted. Urea treated straw feeding was 5.9± 0.3 kg/ day/animal with concentrate and roughage ratio was 40: 60. Total feed intake was 13kg/day/animal. Urea treatment of straw (UTS) costing average 0.84 Rs/kg and feeding of UST decreased the concentrate requirement by 20% saving average 8503Rs/Inter calving period/cow. UTS also prevent the decrease in milk yield by 10% when green fodder was not available. Costing of Silage making was 0.72Rs/kg and feeding of silage increased the milk yield and net income by 10% and 10,516Rs/Animal/ year, respectively. From this study it can be concluded that the dairy farming could be a profitable entrepreneurship when farming with application of urea treatment and silage technology for agricultural wastes.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.) in Bihar
Authors: Chaudhary Santosh Kumar , Yadav Sushil Kumar , Mahto Dilip Kumar , Sinha Neha , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2019

A field experiment was conducted at Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda during summer 2017 to assess the effect of complementary and sole applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of bottle gourd under onion-onion-bottle gourd crop sequence. The experiment consists of seven treatments viz.,T1-Inorganic fertilizers (120 Kg N: 60 Kg P2O5 and 40 Kg K2O); T2-50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50%N through FYM; T3-50% N through FYM + 50% N through VC; T4-1/3 of N through FYM + VC + Neemcake; T5-50% N through FYM + PSB + Azotobactor; T6-T3 + PSB + Azotobactor and T7-T4 + PSB + Azotobactor. These seven treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that T1-100% NPK through inorganic fertilizer recorded 225.7 q ha-1 fruit yield, which was statistically at par with T2 and T6 producing (211.8 and 209.5 q ha-1). Vine length differed significantly at all the growth stages. T1 recorded maximum vine length (51.8, 370.3 and 464.7 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, which was significantly higher over T5 at 30 DAS, over T4 and T5 at 60 DAS and over T5 at 90 DAS. Among organics, T6 recorded longest vine, while T5 recorded shortest. No. of branches were found non-significant at 30 DAS but it become significant at 60 and 90 DAS and found significantly highest in T6 over all the treatments. After completion of the cropping system; onion-onion-bottle gourd, soils were subjected to analysis. pH differed significantly, while non-significant difference were observed in EC and soil Org-C. Similarly, available N and P concentration were also found non-significant due to different fertilizer sources, but the concentration of available K differed significantly and found highest in T1 which was at par with T2. T1-100% inorganic fertilizer sources recorded highest gross return, net return and B: C ratio followed by T2. On the basis of result it has been concluded that T2 having 50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer + 50% N through FYM may found suitable for sustainable bottle gourd production as it performed at par with T1 in respect to crop growth and yield.
Decomposition of Paddy Straw Improved Soil Health in NICRA Village of Chatra District: A Review
Authors: Singh Ranjay Kumar , Gautam Mayur , Gautam Shrestha , Oraon Dharma , Alam Zunaid
Published: October 2019

Front line demonstration was conducted during the years 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17 in NICRA adopted village Mardanpur in Arra Panchyat of Chatra Block in Chatra district of Jharkhand. The study was conducted to assess the effects of decomposition of paddy stable on productivity and profitability with soil health in local farming system as well as extra pollution of the technology to similar micro farming situation. The experiment consisting of two technology option TO-I: (Farmers Practice) Burning of paddy stable in field and collecting paddy stable for use as fuel of cooking and after onset of monsoon field prepare and transplant rice (Variety-Abhishek) with N80P60K30 TO-II: Decomposition of paddy stable 4.5q/ha after onset of monsoon in the month of June through rotovator and transplanted rice (Variety – Abhishek) with N60P45K23 in RBD design with 20 replication. The result showed that an average grain and straw yield of rice was 25q/ha and 74.80 q/ha in farmers practice in technology option TO-I where as technology option (TO-II) i.e. 28.33 q/ha and 98.84 q/ha respectively. Return for rupee spent was also higher i.e. 2.40 in TO-II as compared to farmers practice i.e. 1.85 (TO-I). It is due to (25%) reduction of chemical fertilizer in technology option (TO-II).
Impact of Conservation Agriculture on Growth, Yield and Quality of Banana (Musa spp.) Cv. Grand Naine
Authors: Prakash Suraj , Shyam Radhey , Prasad Janardan
Published: October 2019

A field experiment was carried out during 2017-2019 in the Seemanchal area  of Bihar, India to study the effect of conventional  irrigation and conservation  on growth, yield, nutrient uptake, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency of banana. The treatments consisted of two levels of irrigation (recommended irrigation and 75% of recommended irrigation) and three levels of fertilizer (50, 75 and 100% of recommended NPK fertilizers) including surface irrigation and conventional soil fertilization was laid out in a Split Plot Block Design. The results showed that improved growth, yield, fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained under conservation compared to surface or conventional irrigation. The increasing levels of conservation practices consistently and significantly increased all these characteristics. However, conventional irrigation at 75% of recommended irrigation at 75% RDF produced maximum growth, yield and fruit quality attributes and higher irrigation water use efficiency.
Assessment of Crop Residue Mulches on Morphological Traits and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in North Bihar Region
Authors: Singh Abhishek Pratap , Ojha M. D. , Kumari Seema , Tiwari Divya , Pal Mahender , Kumar Vijay
Published: October 2019

Organic mulches are easily available and cheap in North Bihar region. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to find out the suitability of different types of organic mulches in tomato cultivation. Among the vegetables tomato cultivation faces challenges in producing crop without chemicals for effective weed control. Use of several kinds of mulches gives the opportunity to control weeds effectively, regulate soil temperature and also lower down evaporation from the soil. The experiment was conducted in Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jalalgarh, Purnea during 2015 and 2016. The treatments were designed by using different organic materials as mulch i.e. pea straw, dry neem leaves, paddy straw and one control without mulch. The observations were recorded on plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, average fruit weight (gm) and total fruit yield (q/ha). The mulches were spread after twenty days of the transplanting of tomato seedlings in 10 cm thick layer. The result of the experiment indicates that organic mulches reduced soil temperature and weed infestation. All these enhanced the growth and fruit yield of tomato as well as weed control, soil moisture conservation and temperature modification resulted good crop growth with more quality fruit yield.
Potentials of Conservation Agriculture in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Rai H. K. , Jha Amit , Mishra P. K.
Published: October 2019

The present study aimed to assess the potentials of conservation agriculture in Vertisols of Madhya Pradesh in terms of productivity and economics of cultivation in soybean-wheat cropping system. Vertisols are characterized by more clay content, swell-shrink behavior, high water holding capacity, poor drainage and creaking on drying which results in narrow workability and high erodibility causes soil and nutrients loses, whereas, high CEC and inter-layer spacing in minerals results in fixation of cationic nutrients and nature of self inversion causes low organic carbon content. Potential of different crop establishment method under soybean-wheat cropping system for nutrients recycling through crop residue management was also studied to highlight the importance of crop residue recycling. It is concluded that planting of soybean and wheat on permanent beds and with no-till along with retention of crop residue on surface has been more effective and remunerative.
Conservation Practice, Irrigation and Fertilizer Dose Influence Yield and Quality of Mango cv. Amrapali under High Density Orchard in Kosi Zone of Bihar
Authors: Shyam Radhey , Prakash Suraj , Prasad Janardan
Published: October 2019

An investigation was carried out during three consecutive years from 2016-17 to 2018-19 at farm of B.P.S. Agricultural college, Purnea on Mango cv. Amrapali to study the effect of conservation practice of mulch with irrigation and fertilizer levels on yield and soil parameter, fruit yield and its qualities of mango grown in kosi zone of Bihar. The experiment was laid out in split split plot design with three replications. Experimental findings revealed that conservation practices as mulch significantly increased fruit set, fruit retention, fruit yield and fruit quality. Among different irrigation levels and fertilizer doses maximum fruit yield (23.24 ton/ha) was obtained under conservation practice with 75% recommended irrigation along with 100% RDF which was at par with conservation practice with 75% recommended irrigation along with 75% RDF. Conservation treatment also showed maximum TSS (23.69° Brix) with maximum (0.39%) acidity of fruit. Observations also revealed that conservation practices as mulching significantly increased the soil moisture content, organic carbon %, available soil N, P and K, along with increase soil microbial population. Among the different fertilizer levels highest organic carbon %, available soil N, P and K, as well as soil microbial population were observed with 100% RDF, however only organic carbon and available soil P were at par with 75% RDF.
Assessment of Happy Seeder for Direct Sowing of Wheat without Burning of Rice Residue
Authors: Pal Ram , Kumar Ratan , Jalal R. K. , Sohane R. K.
Published: October 2019

Air pollution from crop residue burning in India is an environmental menace that makes headlines every year – is a major ill effect of farm mechanization. Keeping the severity of the problem in view, KVK, Rohtas introduced happy seeder in Rabi 2016-17 with objective to assess its suitability for crop residue management. The intensively cultivated irrigated rice–wheat area is fundamental to employment, income and livelihoods for about three million population of the district. Happy seeder of Kamboj make, Zero-till machine of National make and local made seed drill were used for comparative study of residue management. Seed drill was used where rice residue were completely burned before sowing. Zero-till machine was used where about 50% residue was remais after buring. The significant change were observed in plant population, bundel weight and grain yield in these trials with respect to farmers practice. It is concluded that happy seeder not only improves the farmers income but also conserve the most of the production inputs. Reduction in green house gass emission, nutrient recycling, soil health improvemnt are added advantages of happy seeder technology.
Anthelmintic Activities of Hexacosa-9, 11-dienoic Acid and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic Acid Isolated from Spermacoce verticillata
Authors: Garba S. , Adeyemi M. M. , Musa L. K.
Published: October 2019

The phytochemical screening, anthelmintics, and characterization of Spermacoce verticillata crude ethanolic extracts were carried out using standard methods. The research is aimed at investigating the in-vitro anthelmintic activity of Spermacoce verticillata and Cochlospermum tinctorium plants for possible active components. The results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannin, Phenol, Fatty acid and Cardiac glycoside, Terpenoid and Saponin. The result of the anthelmintic activities showed that Spermacoce verticillata have paralysis time ranging from 25.9 -71.6 mins with death times ranging from  39 - 90.1 mins at concentrations range between 25 - 100 mg/cm3 The results of Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Analyses using TLC, CCH, IR, NMR GC-MS of c leads to the Isolation of two compounds namely Hexacosa-9,11-dienoic acid (fatty acid) and 3-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (Pentacyclic triterpenoid) with paralysis/death time at concentration of 50 mg/cm3  of 22.5 mins and 36.3 mins for the fatty acid and 13.2 mins and 20.1 mins for the pentacyclic triterpenoid. The results were compared with standard drug (Albendazole) which showed higher activity than the crude extracts but lower than the isolated compounds. The results of this work therefore confirmed the traditional claim of using the plant for the treatment of helminthiasis disease.
Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark
Authors: Williams Ezekiel Tagwi , Timothy Nachana’a , Chika Attama
Published: October 2019

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed  that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49  kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.
The Effect of Air Dried Leaf Powder and Burnt Leaf Ash of Different Plants on Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Nnadi O. F. , Ononuju C. C. , Ikwunagu E. A. , Orikara C. C.
Published: October 2019

The effect of air dried leaf powder and burnt leaf ash of different plants on the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on Okra was investigated in a pot experiment. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with nine treatments each replicated four times. The treatments included: burnt leaf ashes and air dried leaf powders of Baphia nitida, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Delonix regia, a synthetic nematicide (Carbofuran 3G) and two control which included inoculated but untreated (control 1) and un-inoculated and untreated (control 2) pots. The plants were inoculated with 1000 nematode eggs (Meloidogyne spp.), two weeks after emergence. Three days after, the treatments were applied at the rate of 30 g each, while the synthetic nematicide (Carbofuran 3G) at 3 g/per pot. Parameters recorded were: plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry shoot weights, fresh root weight, and number and weight of pods per plant as plant growth parameters. Number of galls, number of nematode eggs in roots and number of juveniles in soil as nematode parameters. Results obtained indicated significant differences among the treatments in most parameters recorded and compared to controls. Generally, results from air dried leaf powder of Baphia nitida and burnt leaf ash of Delonix regia were better and compared favorably with the nematicide treated plants.
Teaching Students with Disabilities at the College Level
Authors: Dyer Rebekah
Published: October 2019

The number of students with disabilities who attend college is increasing, however, many of them are not completing their degree program (Fleming, Plotner & Oertle, 2017). Many students with disabilities are not socially prepared to attend college. They may struggle with developing relationships with peers and faculty, which leads to a lack of feeling supported (Herts et al., 2014). There are a variety of perceptions regarding individuals with disabilities from peers and faculty that can negatively impact students with disabilities in college (Baker, Boland & Nowik, 2012). Students with disabilities do have a legal right to receive accommodations at the college level, however, many students are not aware of those rights or choose not to implement them. Colleges/universities and faculty need to be a support system for students with disabilities. They need to be proactive in being informed about the law and the types of accommodations they can provide. Students with disabilities can be successful in college if everyone works together to set them up for success.
Team Teaching the Active Way: A Case Study about the Student Learning Experience
Authors: Davis Mendi , Winter Renee
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe the students’ learning experience when utilizing a team teaching approach in an online doctoral program at a private university located within the Southwestern region of the United States. The theoretical foundation of Community of Inquiry developed by Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2000) supported this study. The overarching question that drove this study was, “How do students in an online doctoral program describe the team teaching learning experience?” The sample consisted of six doctoral students from a private university enrolled in an online doctoral course. Participants were interviewed and videotaped using Zoom. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews with open-ended questions that focused on the student experience. The interviews were transcribed and coded to identify themes. The discussion of the findings included the importance of access to the instructor, instructor feedback, and student support. Participants reported that their student learning experience was enhanced due to the team teaching model. Future research should examine the team teaching model from the perspective of the instructor and from a variety of courses.
PEMANFAATAN ELEMEN DAUR ULANG PADA DESAIN TAMAN LALU LINTAS TK BAITHANI TENGGER PADA KEGIATAN SERVICE LEARNING KELAS ARSITEKTUR ANAK DI NONGKOJAJAR – JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Wonoseputro Christine , Muljadi Jessica , Surjanto Marcelina Lupita , Kumala Keshia Hanna , Paulina Stevanie , Theodore Leonita , Tjiptorahardjo Fransiskus Xaverius Jonathan , Tedja Wilson
Published: October 2019

The Service Learning method that being done in TK Baithani Tengger, was not just a community service activity. In the process of learning, students were trained in order to be able to analyze community problems and continued to take it as design problem of their project. In the other side, students also learn to cooperate with all parties in the implementation of real project development, especially by utilizing ceramic scrap materials in order to be used as finishing elements of TK Baithani Tengger’s traffic education park.
IbM WARUNG WISATA SELOREJO: PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENGELOLA UMKM WARUNG SELOREJO DALAM TATAKELOLA KEUANGAN, PEMASARAN DAN PELAYANAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Hadiyati Ernani , Orbaningsih Dwi , Mulyono Sugeng
Published: October 2019

This community service project aims to improve the managerial performance of SMEs on accounting, marketing and services to their consumers. This objective is achieved through brushing up the managerial skills of the manager of the targeted SMEs, especially the financial and marketing skills, as well as their performance in providing consumer services. The expected outcomes are: SMEs’ managerial training, module and guidelines for applying accounting principles and providing good consumer services. The method used is the combination of common training principles, assistance and financial support for encouraging the targetted SMEs to implement the materials used in the training. The result of this project indicates that the targeted SMEs, that is, Selorejo tourists’ food stall, show improvement in their performance in accounting and consumer service.
Arte, interdisciplinaridade e infância: experiências estéticas, artísticas e brincantes no Sarau Toda criança é um poema
Authors: Soares Leila Franca , Canda Cilene Nascimento , Oliveira Urânia Auxiliadora Maia
Published: October 2019

RESUMO

Este texto reflete sobre experiências artísticas vivenciadas na infância, tendo como princípio basilar a compreensão da criança como ser capaz de fruir, criar e produzir culturas. Para dar conta dessa discussão foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica contemplando autores significativos, como Corsaro(2002), Formosinho(2013), Macedo(2015), Maffesoli(2008), Caldas(2007). Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo tomando como base o III Sarau Infantil Toda Criança é um Poema, ação integrante do Projeto de Extensão Balaio de Sensibilidades, vinculado à Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Nesta edição, participaram crianças de 4 a 8 anos e foi possível observar quatro tipos de espaços (Visualidades, Musicalidades, Brincadeiras e Interações e Poemas e Histórias), organizados sob a referência de linguagens diversificadas, porém de forma interdisciplinar. O estudo revelou que o campo das culturas infantis abrange áreas distintas do conhecimento artístico e formas próprias e variadas de interações e de produção de saberes e experiências. Além disso, foi possível concluir como princípios basilares da experiência estética do Sarau Infantil: a) diversidade de vivências e de linguagens artísticas; b) espaço-tempo organizado e caracterizado por possibilidades de desordenamento, flexibilidade e reversibilidade; c) liberdade de ação da criança em escolher as formas de interação com as artes; d) relação dialógica entre adultos e crianças e entre as crianças entre si. Por fim, o Sarau Infantil pode ser considerado uma experiência estética, artística, brincante, plural, livre e com diferentes possibilidades de interações entre crianças, artistas, escolas, acadêmicos e brincantes.

Palavras-chave: Infância, Estética, Arte, Cultura infantil, Brincar.
Infância e o Direito à Educação: dos ditos aos interditos
Authors: Fernandes Natalia
Published: October 2019

Este texto tem como objetivo discutir o direito à educação das crianças pequenas a partir de um enfoque de direitos.

O modo como nos contextos de educação de infância se têm vindo a apropriar conceitos de direitos e de cidadania, para descrever e sustentar práticas pedagógicas, que se anunciam através destes conceitos, ficam, no entanto, muitas vezes, despidos de um significado concreto e de um impacto esperado na vida das crianças, o que implica uma reflexão crítica. Nesse sentido propomo-nos neste texto, a partir da sociologia da infância, refletir acerca dos significados atribuídos à educação de infância sustentada a partir de um enfoque de direitos, problematizando o conceito de direitos humanos da criança e os princípios que lhe estão subjacentes. Propomos, também, refletir acerca do papel que os adultos devem assumir e, muitas vezes, resignificar, nos processos e nas relações pedagógicas que estabelecem com as crianças, de modo a assegurar que os mesmos respeitam as mesmas enquanto sujeitos ativos de direitos, enquanto cidadãos.
Red‐Blood‐Cell Waveguide as a Living Biosensor and Micromotor
Authors: Li Yuchao , Liu Xiaoshuai , Xu Xiaohao , Xin Hongbao , Zhang Yao , Li Baojun
Published: October 2019

With great potential in intelligent sensing and actuating systems, biosensors and micromotors are expected to be powerful instruments for early diagnosis and drug delivery in precision medicine. However, it is difficult to ensure the synthetic biosensors and micromotors are compatible with biosystems because of their exogenous building blocks. Biocompatible biosensors and micromotors assembled are reported from living red blood cells (RBCs) optically bound into a waveguide using fiber probes. By monitoring light propagation of the RBC waveguide, the pH of blood solution is detected in real time with an accuracy of 0.05. This can be used for the diagnosis of pH‐related disorders of the blood. After diagnosis, optical torque is exerted on the RBC waveguide, allowing it to rotate as a micromotor and transport microparticles to a target region. The RBC waveguide is then constructed inside zebrafish blood vessels to validate in vivo application. The living biosensors and micromotors are expected to provide a “smart” platform for precise biosensing, medical analysis, and drug delivery.
Fabrication of Single‐Nanocrystal Arrays
Authors: Zhang Heyou , Kinnear Calum , Mulvaney Paul
Published: October 2019

To realize the full potential of nanocrystals in nanotechnology, it is necessary to integrate single nanocrystals into addressable structures; for example, arrays and periodic lattices. The current methods for achieving this are reviewed. It is shown that a combination of top‐down lithography techniques with directed assembly offers a platform for attaining this goal. The most promising of these directed assembly methods are reviewed: capillary force assembly, electrostatic assembly, optical printing, DNA‐based assembly, and electrophoretic deposition. The last of these appears to offer a generic approach to fabrication of single‐nanocrystal arrays.
Selective C−N Bond Cleavage of N‐Acylisatins: Towards High Performance Acylation/Arylation/Transamination Reagents
Authors: Xiong Li , Deng Rong , Liu Tingting , Luo Zhongfeng , Wang Zijia , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Wang Hui , Zeng Zhuo
Published: October 2019

New multipurpose arylation/acylation/transamination reagents, N‐acylisatins, have been developed by selective ‘inside‐outside’ C−N bond cleavage under different catalytic conditions. As activated amides, N‐acylisatins undergo Rh‐catalyzed C−H arylation and Pd‐catalyzed acylation by cleavage outside the C−N bond, and the desired biaryls and diaryl ketones were obtained in good to excellent yields. Generally, the combination of N‐acylisatins with amines leads to a ring‐opening reaction and formation of transamination products in a predictable manner through inside C−N bond cleavage. Interestingly, treatment of N‐acylisatins with amines lead to unexpected outer‐ring transamination products when CsF is added, which shows that CsF can favor the outside C−N bond cleavage path. Notably, this work presents a new strategy for multiple chemical transformations of a single amide to achieve various products by selective C−N bond cleavage.

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