bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics ACT Sheets Are a Vital Resource for State Newborn Screening Programs
Authors: Sack Virginia , Etienne Sara , Beal Grace , Bradley Sarah , Caggana Michele
Published: November 2024

The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the National Coordinating Center for the Regional Genetics Networks (NCC)-developed ACT sheets are a vital resource for state newborn screening (NBS) programs. They allow NBS programs to be able to provide up-to-date, just-in-time disorder information to primary care providers (PCPs). Their continued availability is necessary to ensure that all babies identified by newborn screening receive appropriate evaluation and care.
Envenomation with Snake Venoms as a Cause of Death: A Forensic Investigation of the Decomposition Stages and the Impact on Differential Succession Pattern of Carcass-Attracted Coleopteran Beetles
Authors: Khalil Abdelwahab , Salem Abeer M. , Shaurub El-Sayed H. , Ahmed Ashraf M. , Al-Khalaf Areej A. , Zidan Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2024

Background: Coleoptera is the second-most significant insect group associated with decomposing carcasses, yet its role in the decomposition process and postmortem colonization following envenomation is poorly understood. Purpose of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the venoms from Cerastes cerastes and Naja haje on the decomposition of rabbit carcasses while evaluating the main beetle taxa attracted to these decaying remains. Methods: Three groups of rabbits, each with five individuals, were utilized. The first group was injected with the venom of Cerastes cerastes, the second with Naja haje venom, and the control group received 0.85% physiological saline before euthanasia with CO2. Results: Four decomposition stages (fresh, bloating, decay, and dry) with durations varying based on venom type and carcass condition were observed. A total of 647 individual beetles of six species (Necrobia rufipes, Attagenus sp., Dermestes frischii, D. maculatus, Bledius sp., and Apentanodes sp.) belonging to four families (Cleridae, Dermestidae, Staphylinidae, and Tenebrionidae) were collected and identified. D. maculatus was the most abundant species. Fewer beetles were attracted to carcasses envenomed with N. haje compared to the other groups. Conclusions: Envenomation by snake venom influences the attraction and succession rate of necrophilous coleopterans to carcasses, which is important for forensic investigations.
Diptera Dwelling Aquatic and Terrestrial Habitats in an Alpine Floodplain (Amola Glacier, Italian Alps)
Authors: Avesani Daniele , Frizzera Davide , Lo Giudice Giuseppe , Birtele Daniele , Lencioni Valeria
Published: November 2024

Among flying insects, Diptera were the main visitors and colonisers of aquatic and terrestrial habitats in an Alpine glacial floodplain (NE Italy) at 2400 m a.s.l. In all, 4317 dipteran adults were collected using different collection techniques in, on, and out of the water: pond and drift nets, and emergence and Malaise traps, with a different periodicity: biweekly and every three hours for four consecutive days, in early and late summer 2015. Thirty-eight families in all, and 56 species within seven Brachycera families, were identified. Specifically, Chironomidae (36%) within Nematocera and Empidoidea families (23%), and Muscidae (9%) within Brachycera, prevailed. Chironomidae seemed to emerge and fly mainly in late morning–early afternoon, while most Brachycera were more active in late afternoon. Some ecological notes are given for seven Brachycera families, including Muscidae as the predominant family of anthophilous dipterans and the most efficient pollinators in mountain habitats and in the deglaciated areas of the proglacial forelands. Three genera of Muscidae were found as the main representatives of these environments: Thricops Rondani, Spilogona Schnabl, and Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy). Among these genera, noteworthy was the finding of Spilogona triangulifera (Zetterstedt) as being new to the Italian fauna.
Evaluating the Influence of Different Artificial Diets on Apis mellifera L. Using Health Biomarkers and Performance Metrics
Authors: Islam Shams Ul , Aqueel Muhammad Anjum , Yousuf Muhammad Usman , Abbasi Asim , Yasin Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid , Raza Muhammad Fahim , Parvaiz Aqsa , Rebouh Nazih Y.
Published: November 2024

The diet of Apis mellifera L. is a crucial factor for managing its colonies particularly during dearth periods. Numerous diets have been developed; however, their global implementation faces challenges due to diverse climatic conditions and some other factors. To address this issue, three previously evaluated diets (selected from seven) were tested to assess their effects on A. mellifera using key health biomarkers (immune function, stress response) and performance metrics (foraging activity, honey quality, and social interactions). The experiment was conducted using 12 colonies, including three replications, in The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, from June to September 2023. The results revealed that all the tested parameters were significantly affected by diets. Highest phenol-oxidase activity was recorded in T1 (28.7 U/mg). Heat shock protein (HSP) bands showed that T1 had the fewest (Hsp70), while T0 had more bands (Hsp40, Hsp60, and Hsp70), indicating stress differences. In foraging activity, average number of outgoing bees were highest in T1 (81.8) and lowest in T0 (31.2) and similar trend was followed for returning bees, i.e., T1 (81.8) and T0 (31.2). For pollen-carrying bees, the highest bees were counted in T1 (34.9), and the lowest in T0 (4.10). Honey quality was also significantly affected by diets, pH was highest in T1 (3.85), while moisture was highest in T0 (19.44%). Diastase activity, ash content, and electrical conductivity were best in T1 (13.74 units/g, 0.17%, 0.94 mS/cm, respectively). Mineral content was highest in T1 (406.54 mg/kg), and fructose content also peaked in T1 (396.21 mg/kg). Antioxidant contents, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and ORAC value were highest in T1 (60.50 mg GAE/100 g, 44.41 mg QE/100 g, 10,237.30 µmol TE/g), while T0 consistently showed the lowest values across all parameters. In social interaction experiments, trophallaxis events were most frequent in T1 (7.38), and T1 also exhibited the longest trophallaxis time (5.51 s). The number of bees per trophallaxis event and antennation frequency followed a similar trend, with the highest recorded in T1 (5.16 bees/event, 10.1 antennation frequency) and the lowest in T0 (2.94 bees/event, 4.18 antennation frequency). Therefore, diet-1 (Watermelon juice 20 mL + Fenugreek powder 2 g + Chickpea flour 20 g + Lupin flour 20 g + Mung bean flour 20 g + Yeast 10 g + Powdered sugar 40 g + vegetable oil 10 mL) is recommended as a suitable substitute for managing A. mellifera colonies during dearth periods.
Assessment of Post-COVID-19 Changes in Brain—Clinical and Imaging Evaluation Using MRI Vessel Wall Imaging and Complementary MRI Methods
Authors: Okrzeja Jakub , Alimowski Maciej , Garkowski Adam , Hładuński Marcin , Kubas Bożena , Adamczuk Justyna , Czupryna Piotr , Narejko Karolina , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of vessel wall imaging and MRI in assessment of the post-COVID-19 changes in the brain. VWI is a progressive MRI technique that provides precise imaging of the pathological process in the wall of the vessel. It might help us to better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19-related neurological lesions and may have an impact on management protocols. Methods: A total of 43 patients were included in the study; the post-COVID-19 group included 23 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (mean age of the group: 53.52 years; 26% male, 74% female). The control group consisted of 20 patients from the general population who did not suffer from COVID-19 (mean age: 52.15 years; 35% male, 65% female). MRI examinations were performed on a 3T scanner (Biograph mMR, Siemens). The VW-MRI protocol included T1-weighted SPACE FS black-blood images, FLAIR images, SWI, and MRA. Results: Several radiological changes in post-COVID-19 patients were described: hyperintense foci in the white matter of the brain hemispheres, in the lower parts of the temporal lobes, and in the structures of the posterior cranial fossa; presence of engorgement of deep medullary veins or perivascular enhancement; presence of inflammatory vessel thickening in VWI images; changes in hippocampus size; presence of cortical atrophy; and thickening of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. The presence of atherosclerotic vessel thickening in VWI and the width of the third ventricle depended on the age of the patient. Conclusions: VWI and MRI may be useful in the assessment of post-COVID-19 lesions in the brain.
Upper Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy Utilizing Prone-Position Thoracoscopy for Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancers
Authors: Davakis Spyridon , Ziogas Dimitrios , Papadakis Pavlos , Sakellariou Stratigoula , Mitsala Athanasia , Tsalikidis Christos , Charalabopoulos Alexandros
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Esophagectomy is the mainstay of treatment in esophageal cancer. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) remains a challenging procedure and has been associated with a high rate of complications and mortality. Routine lymphadenectomy includes two-field lymphadenectomy for distal-esophageal or gastroesophageal junction Siewert I–II tumors. Superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy (SML) refers to an extended two-field lymphadenectomy or total mediastinal lymphadenectomy during MIE for cancer. The exact benefits of SML have been the subject of prolonged debate, with no conclusive evidence indicating improved clinical and oncological results. Herein, we aim to present our surgical technique of thoracoscopic SML during MIE in the prone position, with short-term clinical and oncological outcomes. Methods: About 150 consecutive patients underwent totally MIE within 3 years period (2016–2019). SML included right-paratracheal nodes and nodes along the right-recurrent laryngeal nerve throughout its mediastinal route in cases of extended two-field lymphadenectomy, as well as left-paratracheal nodes and nodes along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during total mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Eligible patients underwent SML during two-stage or three-stage MIE. Results: Twenty consecutive patients underwent SML during the study period. The 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0. Pulmonary complications were observed in 16.5% of the patients. There was 1 right recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy noted. The median length of stay was 9 days. The median number of resected lymph nodes was 45, with the median SML nodes count being 8. The median follow-up was 24 months. Conclusions: SML during prone position thoracoscopy for esophageal cancer is safe and feasible, although technically demanding. Minimally invasive esophagectomy with SML may offer meaningful benefits in oncological outcomes without introducing additional significant morbidity. Further comparative studies are needed to better elucidate our results.
Role of Preoperative Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Intestinal Colonization in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mattei Alessia , Cuccarelli Martina , Schiavoni Lorenzo , Nenna Antonio , Pascarella Giuseppe , Ruggiero Alessandro , Carpinteri Lelio , Costa Fabio , Lusini Mario , Mastroianni Ciro , Barbato Raffaele , Chello Massimo , Carassiti Massimiliano , Cataldo Rita , Agrò Felice Eugenio , Strumia Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are pathogens resistant to three or more antibiotic classes, and infection with these bacteria is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and hospital management costs. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, selecting appropriate antimicrobial drugs and avoiding the unnecessary use of new antibiotics are crucial. Due to their nosocomial nature, monitoring and preventing MDR infections are essential. Methods: This study enrolled patients who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2020 to May 2022. The patients included were those 18 years or older who tested positive for MDR intestinal colonization before surgery. Excluded were patients who tested positive after surgery, or were younger than 18, pregnant, or lactating. For each positive patient, the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) score was calculated. The data collected included age, gender, body mass index (BMI), the type of surgery, the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, ICU readmission, mortality, and other infections (pneumonia, bacteremia, or surgical site infection) to establish a control group and postoperative outcome measures. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding the ICU length of stay, new ICU admissions, or mortality. Additionally, there were no differences in the infection rates, such as bacteremia, wound infections, and pneumonia. Conclusions: Preoperative rectal colonization by MDR bacteria does not appear to worsen postoperative outcomes for cardiac surgery patients. These findings suggest that patients with a preoperative MDR-positive rectal sample might undergo cardiac surgery without significantly increased risk. Besides the limitations of this study, pre-surgical antibiotic prophylaxis may not need to be adjusted for patients with preoperative MDR positivity.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cardiovascular Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Njeim Ryan , Pannala Sai Shanmukha Sreeram , Zaidan Nadim , Habib Toni , Rajamanuri Medha , Moussa Elie , Deeb Liliane , El-Sayegh Suzanne
Published: November 2024

Background: Patients with autoimmune diseases experience a higher burden of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is a paucity of data regarding MetS in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its impact on CVD. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MetS components in IBD patients, as well as their association with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure and arrhythmias. Methods: After pooling 5 years of data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database (2016–2020), we compared traditional cardiovascular risk factors between IBD and non-IBD patients. We then investigated the association between MetS (represented by a calculated metabolic score (CMS) ranging from 0 to 4, based on the presence or absence of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and type II diabetes) and CVD, separately for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Results: The prevalence of the different MetS components was found to be lower in IBD patients compared to non-IBD patients. Comparing CD (n = 806,875) and UC (n = 575,925) identified a higher prevalence of MetS components in UC. Higher CMS was positively associated with ACS and arrhythmias in both CD and UC. This association was evident in heart failure, with the odds ratio increasing from 2.601 for CMS = 1 to 6.290 for CMS = 4 in UC patients and from 2.622 to 5.709 in CD patients. Conclusions: Our study highlights the positive association between traditional components of MetS and CVD in IBD patients. Our findings suggest that chronic inflammation explains only partially the CVD burden in hospitalized IBD patients.
Δ-Peritoneal Cancer Index (Δ-PCI) to Predict Complete Cytoreduction and Histopathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Spagnol Giulia , Bigardi Sofia , Zorzi Michela , Morotti Matteo , Carollo Massimo , Bruni Giulia Micol , De Tommasi Orazio , Tamagnini Matteo , Xhindoli Livia , Noventa Marco , Tozzi Roberto , Saccardi Carlo , Marchetti Matteo
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To analyze the role of PCI variation (Δ-PCI) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in an interval cytoreductive surgery (ICS) setting with the aim to propose a scoring model for predicting both complete cytoreduction and histopathologic response. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients who underwent ICS at our institution were prospectively collected between January-2020 and December-2023. PCI was assessed at exploratory surgery and at ICS. The clinical and histopathological response to NACT was determined by Δ-PCI and CRS. A cut-off value for Δ-PCI, to predict complete cytoreduction, histopathological response, and both together, was identified using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The Kaplan–Meier test was used to define disease-free survival (DFS) based on the Δ-PCI cut-off value. Results: Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 82% of patients, with a median Δ-PCI score at ICS of 12 (range 7–29). The remaining 18% had a median Δ-PCI score at IDS of 8 (range 4–11). The best predictor of complete cytoreduction, histopathologic response CRS 3, and both was the Δ-PCI score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 (0.73–0.96), 0.98 (0.94–1.00) and 0.88 (0.75–0.96), respectively; ROC curve analysis determined a Δ-PCI cut-off of 8, 17 and 15, respectively. Δ-PCI ≥ 15 as a predictor for both complete cytoreduction and histopathologic response CRS 3 with a median DFS of 26 months for Δ-PCI ≥ 15 versus 12 months for Δ-PCI < 15 (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Δ-PCI (cut-off ≥ 15) is a predictive model for complete cytoreduction, histological response CRS 3, and improved DFS.
Combination Prostatic Artery Embolization Prior to Water-Jet Ablation (Aquablation) for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Bagla Sandeep , Singh Inderjit , Sajan Abin , Sare Antony , Pavidapha Alex , Mehta Tej , Klein John , Marhamati Shawn , Lerner Lori
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To compare post-operative bleeding measures in patients who underwent prostatic artery embolization (PAE) prior to water-jet ablation (aquablation) vs. water-jet ablation alone. Methods: A retrospective review identified 145 patients treated with water-jet ablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia from December 2018 to June 2021. Patients were divided into two groups: water-jet ablation alone (n = 56) vs. pre-operative PAE and water-jet ablation (n = 89). Patient demographics, pertinent laboratory values, operative reports, and hospital courses were reviewed. Results: PAE was technically successful in all patients (n = 89), and all 89 patients underwent successful water-jet ablation within a median time of 2 days. Compared to water-jet ablation alone, pre-operative PAE resulted in a significant reduction in post-operative bleeding as measured via lower rates of continuous bladder irrigation, hemostatic measures, and hematuria. Pre-operative PAE was also associated with lower rates of post-operative urinary retention (odds ratio 17, p = 0.02) and less likely to require reoperation 30 days after the procedure (p = 0.003). There were no major PAE-related adverse events reported in the combination arm. Conclusions: Compared to water-jet ablation alone, pre-operative PAE resulted in fewer bleeding-related complications and urinary retention.
The Occurrence and Outcomes of Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias (COD) in the Jaw Bones of the Population of Lower Silesia, Poland
Authors: Nelke Kamil , Matys Jacek , Janeczek Maciej , Małyszek Agata , Łuczak Klaudiusz , Łukaszewski Marceli , Frydrych Marta , Kulus Michał , Dąbrowski Paweł , Nienartowicz Jan , Maag Irma , Pawlak Wojciech , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: November 2024

Background: Cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs) are rare lesions of the jawbone. Their occurrence, localization, type, size, and shape can vary between cases. This fibro-osseous lesion is typically found in the jaw near tooth-bearing areas and is often asymptomatic, discovered incidentally, and may be associated with the periapical region of the teeth. In rare cases, COD can lead to secondary bone osteomyelitis. Currently, there is limited information in the literature on the occurrence and characteristics of COD. This paper’s main aim was to focus on the authors’ COD experience in the lower Silesian area. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of radiographies (RTG-Panx, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)) was conducted on patients treated, diagnosed, or consulted by the authors. A statistical correlation analysis was made to establish any relationship within the gathered data. Results: COD is predominantly an incidental finding in the mandibular bone near tooth apices. It is most commonly diagnosed in females. Both CBCT and panoramic radiographies are generally sufficient for diagnosing the lesion. COD rarely requires treatment. Conclusions: COD lesions are mostly discovered incidentally during routine radiographies or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. In most cases, clinical and radiological monitoring is sufficient, along with evaluating the teeth’s response to cold stimuli and assessing the surrounding bone structures. Biopsies or tooth extractions are seldom necessary. When oral hygiene is well-maintained and no periapical inflammation is present, COD lesions typically remain asymptomatic.
Comparative Analysis of Medical Interventions to Alleviate Endometriosis-Related Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Csirzó Ádám , Kovács Dénes Péter , Szabó Anett , Szabó Bence , Jankó Árpád , Hegyi Péter , Nyirády Péter , Ács Nándor , Valent Sándor
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects 6–10% of women of reproductive age, with pain and infertility being its primary symptoms. The most common aspects of pain are overall pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. Our aim was to compare the available medical treatments for endometriosis-related pain. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in three medical databases to assess available drug options for pain management. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating various medical treatments for endometriosis-related pain on different pain scales were included. Results were presented as p-scores and, in cases of placebo controls, as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). From the available data, a network meta-analysis was carried out. Results: The search yielded 1314 records, of which 45 were eligible for data extraction. Eight networks were created, and a total of 16 treatments were analyzed. The highest p-score, meaning greatest pain relief (p-score: 0.618), for the treatment of dysmenorrhea was achieved using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists for 3 months on a scale of 0–100. Additionally, a p-score of 0.649 was attained following a 6-month treatment with GnRH agonists combined with hormonal contraceptives (CHCs). In the case of dyspareunia on a scale of 0–100 following 3 months of treatment, CHCs (p-score: 0.805) were the most effective, and CHCs combined with aromatase inhibitors (p-score: 0.677) were the best treatment option following 6 months of treatment. In the case of overall pelvic pain, CHCs (p-score: 0.751) yielded the highest p-score on a scale of 0–100 following 3 months of treatment, and progestins combined with aromatase inhibitors (p-score: 0.873) following 6 months of treatment. Progestins (p-score: 0.901) were most effective in cases of overall pelvic pain on a scale of 0–3 following 3 months of treatment. Conclusions: Our network meta-analysis showed that in cases of dysmenorrhea, GnRH agonists supplemented with CHCs reduced pain the most following 3 months of treatment. Regarding dyspareunia CHCs were most effective, and in the case of overall pelvic pain, CHCs or progestins combined with aromatase inhibitors yielded the most desirable results.
Sex Differences in Long-Term Survival and Cancer Incidence After Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Epple Jasmin , Böckler Dittmar , Grundmann Reinhart T.
Published: November 2024

Background: Long-term gender-specific survival and cancer incidence in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) were investigated after endovascular (EVAR) and open repair (OAR). Methods: Data from 2933 patients (EVAR n = 1187, OAR n = 1746) from a health insurance company in Germany (men n = 2391, women n = 542) were analyzed. All patients were cancer-free in their history. Results: Perioperative mortality was significantly higher after OAR (42.6%) than after EVAR (21.2%; p < 0.001). Women had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (41.5%) than men (32.2%). Notably, the 5-year survival was 36.9% after OAR and 40.8% after EVAR (p < 0.001), and 40.7% in men and 29.1% in women (p < 0.001). Overall, 17.2% of EVAR and 14.6% of OAR patients had cancer at 5 years (p = 0.328). Cancer incidence did not differ significantly between men and women. Patients with cancer had a significantly less favorable outcome compared to patients with no cancer (p = 0.002). Treatment of rAAA was also indicated in octogenarians, with survival rates of 19.9% after 5 years and even 38.4% with perioperative deaths excluded. Conclusions: Cancer represents a significant risk factor for survival in patients with rAAA. These patients should be monitored during follow-up, particularly regarding the development of lung cancer.
Gut Microbial Taxonomy and Its Role as a Biomarker in Aortic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Neiroukh Dina , Hajdarpasic Aida , Ayhan Cagri , Sultan Sherif , Soliman Osama
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Evidence of the association between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular diseases has accumulated. An imbalance or dysbiosis of this system has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events, including aortic diseases. We aimed to elucidate the findings of the gut microbial taxonomy associated with aortic diseases and their subtypes. Furthermore, we sought to investigate whether gut microbiome dysbiosis can be used as a biomarker for aortic disease detection and to identify which species can be disease-specific. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for original research papers on gut microbiome composition in patients with aortic disease, using patients without aortic disease as the control (i.e., healthy controls). The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were used by employing the medical subject headings (MeSH) terms “aortic diseases”, “microbiome”,” microbiota”, and ”taxa” before August 2024. We extracted the study characteristics, study population, and gut microbiome in aortic disease, including microbiota taxa diversity and abundance, regardless of taxa level. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess study quality. Data were synthesized narratively to address the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: In this review, twelve studies that have identified gut microbial species and their potential impact on aortic disease pathogenesis were included. The studies showed the phyla dominance of Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, and Euryarchaeota in aortic disease patients. We also included the taxa sequencing methods and those used to extract the microorganisms. Aortic diseases were categorized into Takayasu’s arteritis, giant cell arteritis, aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection. Aortic disease patients had a higher rate of dysbiosis when compared to the healthy control groups, with significantly different microbiome composition. Conclusions: Patients with aortic disease exhibit a distinct difference between their gut microbiota composition and that of the healthy controls, which suggests a potential biomarker role of gut dysbiosis. Further exploration of the microbiome and its metagenome interface can help identify its role in aortic disease pathogenesis in depth, generating future therapeutic options. However, a unified methodology is required to identify potential microbial biomarkers in cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.
Disparities in the Prevalence of Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Mortality Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
Authors: Hayat Umar , Kamal Faisal , Kamal Muhammad U. , Mirza Wasique , Ahmad Tariq A. , Gangwani Manesh K. , Dahiya Dushyant S. , Ali Hassam , Naidoo Shiva F. , Humayun Sara , Okut Hayrettin , Aziz Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Background: Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) may be associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, only a few studies have analyzed this relationship. We aimed to assess the epidemiologic data and the association between NAFLD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the United States. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2016–2019 was queried using ICD10-CM diagnostic codes to identify hospitalizations of AMI + NAFLD. Essential demographic variables were analyzed to determine the disparities in the prevalence of AMI hospitalizations and deaths among NAFLD patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models determined the association between NAFLD and AMI hospitalizations and death. Results: Among the total 5450 NAFLD patients hospitalized with AMI, 5.11% (279) died. Females were less likely to be admitted and die due to AMI than males. Younger patients (<50) were less likely to be hospitalized and die than those ≥50. Compared to the white population, black patients were less likely; however, Hispanics, Asians, and Pacific Islanders were more likely to be hospitalized. Race was not found to affect hospital mortality. On multivariate analysis, NAFLD was associated with higher odds of AMI hospitalization [OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.51–1.60, p < 0.01] and death [OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.74–2.21, p < 0.01]. Conclusions: Older white males with NAFLD had a higher prevalence of AMI hospitalizations and mortality.
A Review of Pharmacologic and Non-Pharmacologic Therapies in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Current Recommendations and Evidence
Authors: Papale Anthony J. , Flattau Robert , Vithlani Nandan , Mahajan Deepti , Nadella Sandeep
Published: November 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent and debilitating disorder of gut–brain interaction (DGBI) affecting millions globally. It imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems and is a leading cause of workplace absenteeism. IBS is classified into several subtypes based on predominant presenting symptoms, including IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), with each requiring targeted approaches to treatment. Some treatments, such as psychotherapy, dietary intervention, and medications like tricyclic antidepressants, are nonspecific and recommended for managing IBS symptoms across all subtypes. In contrast, therapies like secretagogues for IBS-C and eluxadoline or rifaximin for IBS-D are subtype-specific. However, many IBS treatments carry conditional recommendations and are based on low-certainty evidence, emphasizing the need for further research to expand the available treatment options. This review compares the latest IBS management guidelines from the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM). Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies, including established and emerging interventions, will be explored to provide a comprehensive guide to management.
Exosomal MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: Unveiling Their Role and Pioneering Tools for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Alhenaky Alhanof , Alhazmi Safiah , Alamri Sultan H. , Alkhatabi Heba A. , Alharthi Amani , Alsaleem Mansour A. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Hassan Sabah M.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents a significant health concern, often leading to substantial cognitive decline among older adults. A prominent feature of AD is progressive dementia, which eventually disrupts daily functioning and the ability to live independently. A major challenge in addressing AD is its prolonged pre-symptomatic phase, which makes early detection difficult. Moreover, the disease’s complexity and the inefficiency of current diagnostic methods impede the development of targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance diagnostic methodologies for detection and treating AD even before clinical symptoms appear. Exosomes are nanoscale biovesicles secreted by cells, including nerve cells, into biofluids. These exosomes play essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by facilitating neuronal communication and thus influencing major physiological and pathological processes. Exosomal cargo, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), are critical mediators in this cellular communication, and their dysregulation affects various pathological pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. This review discusses the significant roles of exosomal miRNAs in the pathological mechanisms related to AD, focusing on the promising use of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
Functional Mitral Regurgitation Post-Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Dabic Petar , Vucurevic Bojan , Sevkovic Milorad , Andric Dusan , Pesic Slobodan , Neskovic Mihailo , Borovic Sasa , Petrovic Jovan
Published: November 2024

Background: The management of mitral regurgitation during aortic valve replacement remains a complex question. Secondary mitral regurgitation often improves post-aortic valve replacement without mitral valve surgery, but residual mitral regurgitation can significantly affect long-term outcomes. This study investigates the natural history of mitral regurgitation following isolated aortic valve replacement and identifies prognostic factors for persistent mitral regurgitation. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 108 patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement. Patients were categorized based on mitral regurgitation improvement. Additionally, patients were divided into patient-prosthesis mismatch and non-patient-prosthesis mismatch groups based on the aortic prosthesis. Preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic data were analyzed. Results: In total, 63% of patients showed mitral regurgitation improvement. The improved functional MR group showed significant reductions in peak and mean transvalvular pressure gradients. In contrast, the patient-prosthesis mismatch group had persistent mitral regurgitation improvement in 59.2% of patients. The non-patient-prosthesis mismatch group exhibited significant structural improvements and a reduction in mitral regurgitation severity in 68.6% of patients. Conclusions: The study shows that aortic valve replacement could significantly improve MR when patient-prosthesis mismatch is avoided. This approach maximizes hemodynamic outcomes, mitigates the risk of residual or worsening mitral regurgitation, and potentially reduces the need for additional mitral valve interventions.
Clinical Implication of Brain Metastases En-Bloc Resection: Surgical Technique Description and Literature Review
Authors: Altieri Roberto , Corvino Sergio , La Rocca Giuseppe , Cofano Fabio , Melcarne Antonio , Garbossa Diego , Barbarisi Manlio
Published: November 2024

Background: The role of brain metastases (BM) surgery is of paramount importance for patients’ progression-free and overall survival. “En-bloc” and “piecemeal” resection represent the main surgical techniques. Although en-bloc resection remains the best surgical option, it is not widely adopted or feasible as the first choice. We describe our point of view about the en-bloc surgical technique with an illustrative case and discuss its indications with pros and cons through a comprehensive literature review. Materials and methods: A Medline search up to December 2023 in the Embase and PubMed online electronic databases was made and PRISMA statement was followed. An illustrative case of “en-bloc” resection from our surgical series was also added as a technical note. Results: We describe tips and tricks of our surgical technique and added a surgical video from our series. The literature review disclosed 19 studies. Resulting data suggested that “en-bloc” resection, when feasible, provides lesser risk of leptomeningeal dissemination, local recurrence rates, intraoperative bleeding occurrence and perioperative complications; in addition, it preserves the normal anatomy. Conclusions: En-bloc resection is the gold standard technique for surgical treatment of brain metastases especially for patients with superficial lesions that are small in size and far from eloquent areas.
Characteristics of Spatial Correlation Network Structure and Carbon Balance Zoning of Land Use Carbon Emission in the Tarim River Basin
Authors: Gao Zhe , Ye Jianming , Zhu Xianwei , Li Miaomiao , Wang Haijiang , Zhu Mengmeng
Published: November 2024

An accurate understanding of the structure of spatial correlation networks of land use carbon emissions (LUCEs) and carbon balance zoning plays a guiding role in promoting regional emission reductions and achieving high-quality coordinated development. In this study, 42 counties in the Tarim River Basin from 2002 to 2022 were chosen as samples (Corps cities were excluded due to missing statistics). The LUCE spatial correlation network characteristics and carbon balance zoning were analyzed by using the Ecological Support Coefficient (ESC), Social Network Analysis (SNA), and Spatial Clustering Data Analysis (SCDA), and a targeted optimization strategy was proposed for each zone. The results of the study indicate the following: (1) The LUCEs showed an overall upward trend, but the increase in LUCEs gradually slowed down, presenting a spatial characteristic of “high in the mid-north and low at the edges”. In addition, the ESC showed an overall decreasing trend, with a spatial characteristic opposite to that of the LUCEs. (2) With an increasingly close spatial LUCE correlation network in the Tarim River Basin, the network structure presented better accessibility and stability, but the individual network characteristics differed significantly. Aksu City, Korla City, Bachu County, Shache County, Hotan City, and Kuqa City, which were at the center of the network, displayed a remarkable ability to control and master the network correlation. (3) Based on the carbon balance analysis, the counties were subdivided into six carbon balance functional zones and targeted synergistic emission reduction strategies were proposed for each zone to promote fair and efficient low-carbon transformational development among the regions.
Induction Heating Optimization for Efficient Self-Healing in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Penalva-Salinas Marina , Llopis-Castelló David , Alonso-Troyano Carlos , García Alfredo
Published: November 2024

In this study, the practical application of self-healing asphalt mixtures incorporating steel wool fibers and induction heating was investigated, expanding upon previous research that primarily assessed the self-healing properties rather than optimizing the heating process. Specifically, the aim was to enhance the induction heating methodology for a semi-dense asphalt concrete mixture (AC 16 Surf 35/50 S). In this research, the induction heating parameters were refined to improve the self-healing capabilities, focusing on the following three key aspects: (i) energy consumption, (ii) heating rate, and (iii) heating homogeneity. The findings reveal that the current intensity, the percentage of ferromagnetic additives, and coil shape are critical for achieving optimal heating conditions. Higher current intensity and additive percentage correlate with improved heating speed and reduced energy consumption. Additionally, variations in coil shape significantly influence the heating uniformity. Although asphalt mixtures with steel slag coarse aggregates exhibit slightly higher specific heat, this aggregate type is preferable for sustainability, as it allows for the recycling of industrial waste. The optimized mixtures can rapidly reach high temperatures, facilitating effective crack repair. This innovation offers a durable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solution for road maintenance, thereby enhancing the longevity and performance of asphalt pavements.
Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Foams Under Quasi-Static Compressive Loads
Authors: Wacławiak Krzysztof , Myalski Jerzy , Gurmu Debela N. , Sirata Goftila G.
Published: November 2024

This article sought to determine the response of a carbon foam material derived from polyurethane foam when subjected to a quasi-static compression load. The effects of the foam pore densities and additives (solvents) on the compression strength, compressive modulus, and surface morphology of the carbon foam were investigated. In this study, three different carbon foam pore densities (20, 40, and 60 ppi) and three solvents for the phenol–formaldehyde resins that coated the polymer foam (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) were used. Carbon foams were derived from polyurethane foams by carbonization. Quasi-static compression testing was carried out using a universal testing machine. The compressive strength, compressive modulus, and relative density of these different carbon foams were computed and compared. Two-way ANOVA analyses were performed to compare the significance of solvents and pore density. These results showed that pore density and solvents significantly affected the compressive strength, compressive modulus, and surface morphology of the fabricated polyurethane-derived carbon foam. Finally, the maximum compressive strength and maximum compressive modulus were observed in carbon foam (60 ppi) with 40% methanol as the solvent. Conversely, a minimum compressive strength was observed for a 20 ppi carbon foam with a 20% acetone solvent, and a minimum compressive modulus was observed for a 20 ppi foam with 40% methanol. Lastly, the chemical composition of the polyurethane foams was investigated, and these results indicated that the polyurethane-derived carbon foam had 96% carbon atoms after carbonization.
Design of Acoustic Absorbing Structures for Mercurous Halide-Based Acousto-Optic Tunable Filters
Authors: Sun Shujing , Zhao Huijie , Guo Qi , Wang Yijie
Published: November 2024

For the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)-based spectral imaging systems, the diffraction efficiency of the AOTF is a primary factor affecting system throughput. Moreover, the distribution of the acoustic field within the AOTF fundamentally determines the device’s diffraction efficiency. Thus, the design of an AOTF device including a transducer and absorber to achieve a uniform acoustic field distribution plays an important role in improving diffraction efficiency. This study proposed an acoustic absorbing structure using mercurous halide crystals’ strong acoustic anisotropy to realize the conversion from shear horizontal wave to surface wave at the boundary and rapid dissipation. Snell’s law for acoustically anisotropic media is employed to design the angle of the acoustic absorbing structure. Experiments of mercurous halide-based AOTF demonstrate that this absorbing structure can effectively enhance diffraction efficiency.
Research Progress on the Application of Natural Medicines in Biomaterial Coatings
Authors: Wang Yanchao , Duan Huimin , Zhang Zhongna , Chen Lan , Li Jingan
Published: November 2024

With the continuous progress of biomedical technology, biomaterial coatings play an important role in improving the performance of medical devices and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. The application of natural medicine to biological materials has become a hot topic due to its diverse biological activity, low toxicity, and wide range of sources. This article introduces the definition and classification of natural medicines, lists some common natural medicines, such as curcumin, allicin, chitosan, tea polyphenols, etc., and lists some biological activities of some common natural medicines, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and other properties. According to the different characteristics of natural medicines, physical adsorption, chemical grafting, layer-by-layer self-assembly, sol–gel and other methods are combined with biomaterials, which can be used for orthopedic implants, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular stents, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, etc., to exert their biological activity. For example, improving antibacterial properties, promoting tissue regeneration, and improving biocompatibility promote the development of medical health. Although the development of biomaterials has been greatly expanded, it still faces some major challenges, such as whether the combination between the coating and the substrate is firm, whether the drug load is released sustainably, whether the dynamic balance will be disrupted, and so on; a series of problems affects the application of natural drugs in biomaterial coatings. In view of these problems, this paper summarizes some suggestions by evaluating the literature, such as optimizing the binding method and release system; carrying out more clinical application research; carrying out multidisciplinary cooperation; broadening the application of natural medicine in biomaterial coatings; and developing safer, more effective and multi-functional natural medicine coatings through continuous research and innovation, so as to contribute to the development of the biomedical field.
Zirconium Oxide as a Novel Material for Post-Endodontically Treated Teeth: Comparative Fracture Behavior of 3D-Printed Cobalt–Chromium, Milled Zirconium Oxide, and Quartz Fiber Posts
Authors: Sokolowski Armin , Warchomicka Fernando Gustavo , Seebacher Lukas , Remschmidt Bernhard , Rieder Marcus , Kqiku-Biblekaj Lumnije , Sokolowski Alwin
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the mechanical properties of materials used in the post-endodontic restoration of root-treated teeth and examines their performance under stress to provide insights for material selection in clinical applications. Particular attention is given to zirconium oxide, which demonstrates promising characteristics due to its esthetic color and favorable material properties, positioning it as a potential material for future use in post-endodontic treatments. Three materials—prefabricated quartz fiber-reinforced composite, milled zirconium oxide, and additively manufactured cobalt–chromium—were evaluated using compressive-deflection tests. The specimens were subjected to a 45° compressive load extending 5 mm from a metal core. Their mechanical properties were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Significant differences were observed among the materials. Quartz fiber posts, with the lowest force resistance, buckled at lower loads (143.3 ± 9.9 N), while zirconia posts failed in a brittle manner at higher forces (246.1 ± 97.2 N). Cobalt–chromium posts demonstrated the highest maximal force (323.2 ± 10.5 N, p < 0.001) and, unlike the other materials, bent rather than fractured. The failure patterns of the tested materials underscore the importance of careful material selection when restoring root-treated teeth. Despite displaying distinct fracture characteristics, zirconium oxide, due to its color, rigidity, and hardness, stands out as a promising material for future dental applications. Further research through randomized clinical trials is recommended to refine treatment approaches and optimize clinical outcomes.