bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Governance Issues on Disaster Risk Reduction of LGUsâ€™s Controlled Social Services of Selected Barangays in the Province of Bukidnon
Authors: Itaas Estela C , Mirasol Joy M , Barroso Desiree A , Frias Marlon s , Manlagaylay Mariza P
Published: January 2024

Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) concepts are difficult to get across to the community leaders, especially to the residents themselves. In the past,  competence in disaster preparedness cannot take off in the barangay level due to an apparent lack of education as noted by the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local government units (LGUs) recognize the importance of disaster risk reduction management. However, issues on policies that have bearing on the pre- implementation, implementation, and post-implementation activities are deemed important.   Thus,  the study explored the governance issues on disaster risk reduction of local government unitsâ€™ basic social services of selected barangays in the Province of Bukidnon. Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interviews, and checklist were used in gathering the data to answer the following objectives: (1) assess the pre-implementation, during the implementation, and post-implementation of the disaster risk reduction management policies focusing on the basic social services such as food, water, electricity, and health in the identified barangays; (2) identify issues on the implementation of the DRRM based on the pillars of good governance; and (3) recommend appropriate measures to respond to governance issues. Findings reveal that the local government units of the Province of Bukidnon showed preparedness in disaster risk reduction in pre-implementation, during the implementation, and post-implementation of the disaster risk reduction management policies.  Governance issues were identified, namely, distribution of basic services, relocation site, list of households in the community, and accessibility of information. However, appropriate measures were recommended to respond to the identified governance issues.
A Review of Lipid Management Guidelines
Authors: Younas Mohsin , Saliem Mohammed
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Comprehensive analysis was conducted on available guidelines to identify gaps in the available evidence for effective approaches to lipid management. The four guidelines included in the review are NICE, ESC, CCS and AHA/ACC/MS. Method: Multiple databases were explored to locate relevant guidelines published within the past decade, until June 17, 2023. A qualitative comparison was made regarding recommendations on testing frequency, lipid-lowering therapies, and target cholesterol levels. Results: All the guidelines unanimously advocated for statins as the primary therapy for reducing lipid levels. Noteworthy disparities were observed in the recommended cholesterol targets across the various guidelines. Each guideline provided a specific target for the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). For long-term patient monitoring, many of the guidelines (n=2) recommended annual reviews, although some variations were noted, suggesting intervals ranging from 3 weeks to 12 months. Conclusion: All the guidelines have the same scope, despite a few disparities, future research should focus on resolving these differences and on optimizing the preventive measures for lipid management. Keywords: lipid management, guidelines, review
SATURNO TRANSLADA
Authors: Neto Benjamim Brum
Published: January 2024

LAZZARETTI, Lucas. Saturno translada: um ensaio romanesco. Rio de Janeiro: 7Letras, 2022.
A Study on Deformation According to Steel Constraints During Thick-Plate Fillet Welding and Line Heating
Authors: Park Dong-Hee , Park Jung-Goo , Park Chang-Woo , Yang Jin-Hyuk , Park Jun-Seok , Roh Ji-Sun , Yi Myung-Su , Kim Do-Kyun , Lee Jae-Myung
Published: January 2024

Most of the products manufactured in shipyards are steel structures, and they are mainly manufactured using welding techniques. There are various welding methods, and use of very high heat is common. Thermal deformation occurs due to the high heat of welding when manufacturing steel structures, and leads to errors compared to the design. Methods to ensure dimensional accuracy include optimizing the welding order, applying reverse setting before welding by predicting thermal deformation in advance, and suppressing thermal deformation through constraints. However, the most popular method for this purpose is flame straightening. This study proposes a method of utilizing steel constraints during welding and line heating to control thermal deformation by welding. Analytical verification confirmed the differences according to the presence or absence of steel constraint application and the time of application. Consequently, it was confirmed that line heating is effective in correcting thermal deformation and steel constraints can maximize the effect of line heating.
Study on the Comparison of Electron Beam Welding and Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of Thick High-Manganese Steel Plate for Cryogenic Applications
Authors: Choi Insung , Seo Heon min , Jung In-Chul , Lee Kwang-Hyeon , Suh Jeong
Published: January 2024

Environmental protection policies have led to a focus on clean energy from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and thus, its demand is increasing. Several studies for the development of cryogenic materials and fabrication technologies for storage and delivery of LNG are presented worldwide. Recently, International Maritime Organization (IMO) acknowledged that high-manganese steel was one such cryogenic material for application in LNG storage. Thus, high-manganese steel is expected to be increasingly used in the cryogenic storage industry because of its excellent material properties such as low-temperature toughness and tensile strength. A variety of researches on the welding technologies are available, including arc welding, laser welding and hybrid laser-arc welding. However, electron beam welding (EBW) has not been widely studied. In this work, EBW was investigated for the thick high-manganese steel plate and its mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with the characteristics of hybrid laser-arc welding. Our study indicates that EBW exhibits better mechanical properties than the hybrid laser-arc welding and it can be an effective potential candidate technology for welding of thick high-manganese steel plate with application in cryogenic storage tank.
Effect of Assistant Gas Pressure on Cutting Performance when 80mmt Stainless Steel Laser Cutting in Pressurized Underwater Environment
Authors: Jeon Jaeook , Song Moo-Keun , Kim Kwan , Lee Sujin , Cho Dae-won , Shin Dongsig , Kim Jongdo
Published: January 2024

Various studies are being conducted on underwater cutting using lasers for nuclear power plant dismantling environment. The depth of pressure vessels for most reactors is more than 10 m. When cutting a structure contained in a reactor with 10 m or more depth, pressure is applied, and the shape of the cut due to the cutting gas in this environment needs to be identified. Though several studies exist on laser cutting of stainless steel underwater, laser cutting research in pressurized underwater environment is insufficient. This study investigated the relationship between the cutting kerf width and the assistant gas flow at a depth of 10 m or more in underwater environments. Laser cutting was performed on 80 mmt stainless steel in a pressurized underwater environment. The conditions for obtaining sound cut surface quality were derived by analyzing the kerf shape and roughness of the test piece according to the assistant gas pressure. Additionally, the relationship between the kerf width and the assistant gas flow was established by visualizing the flow of gas through Schlieren analysis and by analyzing the shape of the drag line according to the kerf width and assistant gas flow.
Review on Recent Laser Welding Trend in Electric Powered Vehicle Production
Authors: Choi Hae Woon
Published: January 2024

In this study, we summarize the state-of-the-art laser welding used for welding copper and aluminum alloys, which are key materials for electrified powertrain components. Extensive research on laser beam modulation, power control, beam control, and process monitoring to improve welding reliability and to solve the challenges of dissimilar welds are reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, various techniques for real-time behavior of the weld pool and weld quality monitoring are presented. Along with various techniques to improve spatter and weld pool instability during welding, we have also included research results on process monitoring using artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques. Moreover, computer simulation helps understand various welding phenomena. The research results on improving the quality of welded products through laser beam dynamic control are also included.
Investigation on the Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of High Carbon Steel Friction Welded Joint
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Hwan , Kim Bongjun , Moon Joonoh , Lee Jungwon , Kim Yonghyun
Published: January 2024

In this study, we aim to investigate the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in friction welded joints of high carbon S45C steel. Thus far, S45C steel was welded with structural steel containing 0.3 wt.%C using friction welding. The microstructures in a friction welded joint were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron back-scattered diffraction analyses, and then compared to the microstructures of CO2 arc welded S45C welds. The mechanical properties of joints welded using friction and CO2 arc welding were evaluated through impact tests and Vickers hardness tests. The microstructural changes, based on the welding process, were analyzed carefully in terms of chemical composition and strain condition in welds. Finally, the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties in welds was discussed.
Consideration on the Applicability of Electron Beam Welding for the Manufacture of Small Modular Reactor
Authors: Jung In-Chul , Suh Jeong
Published: January 2024

The overall technology required for the application of electron beam welding to ultra-thick plate pressure vessel in small modular reactors was considered. Electron beam welding has the advantage of reducing the manufacturing time compared with traditional arc welding, but it requires the construction of complex equipment and the establishment of related process technology. Based on the thickness of 150~250 mm, the electron beam welding equipment for application to SMR pressure vessel requires large-capacity equipment of 120~170 kV, 150 kW or more, which has never been commercially manufactured so far. A stable beam must be maintained for a constant time. Anti-arcing and seam tracking functions are also required. Electron beam welding of low-alloy steel has superior characteristics in terms of strength and toughness compared with arc welding. The welded area can be made into a base material by solution heat treatment. Cleaning and gap control are important for weld quality. Weld area should not be affected by magnetic fields. As circumferential welding overlaps in span at the welding start and end, it requires precise setting of welding parameters. For welding of large pressure vessel, customized cylindrical vacuum chamber or local vacuum chamber are suitable. It must be shielded from X-rays generated during welding.
Effect of Welding Process on Microstructure and Impact Toughness of Welds in High Nitrogen TiN Steel
Authors: Kwon Soon-Doo , Jeong Sang-Hoon
Published: January 2024

The effect of welding process on the microstructure and impact toughness of high-nitrogen TiN EH36-TM steels was evaluated. In the weld metals of SSAW and TSAW, GBF was created along PAGB, and AF and a small amount of PF were observed in the grain. In TSAW with low basicity and high heat input, GBF was remarkably developed, and intragranular AF was more coarse. In the EGW weld metal, GBF was hardly generated and composed of intragranular AF and PF. As the heat input increased, the size of PAGB was increased and PF was developed at the FL, and in FL+1, the grain size of AF and PF was coarsened. Meanwhile, the FL of EGW showed a similar size without grain size growth compared with FL+5. Among the three welding processes applied, weld metals of SSAW and EGW well met the values required by the classification for the EH36 steel, but the weld metal of TSAW was insufficient. HAZ of high-nitrogen TMCP steels satisfy the value required by the classifications without significant change even when welding at various input heat conditions, and in particular, the weld metal of the high heat-input EGW showed relatively stable values from FL to FL+5.
Effect of Carburization on the Microstructure and Laser Weldability of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Park Gitae , Lee Mokyoung , Kim Chan Kyu , Song Sangwoo , Cha Sung Chul , Park Heon Joon , Kim Jun-Ho , Jeong Boyoung
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the influence of the carburizing layer on the microstructure of laser-welded joints in 316L stainless steel, aiming to enhance the properties of stainless steel components through the incorporation of carburization. Through a comprehensive experimental approach, including nanoindentation and Vickers hardness measurements, the microstructural analysis of the laser-welded specimens was conducted. The nanoindentation results reveal a significant increase in hardness, with the carburizing layer exhibiting a remarkable 215% improvement compared to the base material. In order to effectively harness the wear resistance for various applications, the examination of macroscopic characteristics in laser-welded joints reveals the necessity of regulating heat input and minimizing defects to attain welds of superior quality. Additionally, the phase transformation behavior of stainless steel during welding was found to be altered due to dilution in the fusion zone and the presence of high carbon content in the heat-affected zone of the carburizing layer. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the microstructural changes induced by carburization and its implications for the welding performance and mechanical properties of stainless steel.
Comparative Analysis of SPR and SPR-Bonded Joints of Hot Press Forming Steel and AA5052 under Corrosive Conditions
Authors: Lee Han-ju , Nellikode Savyasachi , Kang Tae-Young , Park Yeong-Do
Published: January 2024

The increasing demand for effective joining techniques in dissimilar materials has led to the widespread use of self-piercing rivet (SPR) mechanical joints, particularly in aluminum combinations. Studies in this field aim to enhance joint strength by optimizing process conditions, including the use of SPR-bonded processes with structural adhesives. Structural adhesives in SPR-bonded processes introduce different corrosion behavior owing to galvanic corrosion caused by potential differences between sheets over time. In this study, we utilize SORPAS® simulation to optimize SPR conditions and analyze stress and deformation. A tensile shear test was performed on a hot pressforming steel/AA5052-H32 combination for SPR and SPR-bonded processes. The experimental results indicated die sticking during SPR optimization, increased tensile strength through AA5052-H32 surface cleaning in the SPR-bonded process, varying corrosion conditions, and consistent SPR-bonded strength after salt spray exposure. The difference in failure modes between the processes concerning corrosion time can be attributed to the corrosion- mitigating effect of structural adhesive within the galvanic coupling region formed by potential differences. Additionally, adhesive and rivet failure modes were observed. Moreover, adhesive failure occurred in the SPR-bonded process after shear tensile tests, characterized by a fracture between the lower AA5052-H32 interface and adhesive. Furthermore, we found a linear relationship between the remaining adhesive area and shear tensile strength.
A Study on Bead on Plate (BOP) Test for Laser Welding Application of Stainless Steel to Liquified Hydrogen Tank (PART I: STS 304)
Authors: Ha Eul-Yong , Pyo Chang-Min , Kim Young-Hyun , Woo Jin-Seok , Kim Sun-Pil , Yi Myung-Su , Kang Sung-Wook , Ji Chang-Wook , Kim Jae-Woong
Published: January 2024

Liquified hydrogen is considered a new energy resource to replace conventional fossil fuels due to environmental regulations by the IMO. When building tank for the storage and transportation of liquified hydrogen, materials need to withstand temperatures of -253°C, which is even lower than that of LNG (-163°C). These materials mainly include austenitic stainless steel and high-manganese steel, especially STS 304 steel mainly used to build liquified hydrogen tank. When building the tanks, both the base material and welding zone need to have excellent strength in cryogenic condition, however, manual arc welding has several issues due to prolonged exposure of the base material to high temperatures. Laser welding, which has some benefits like short period of exposure time and decrease of thermal affected zone, is used many industries. In this study, to determine the laser butt welding condition for STS 304 steel, laser bead on plate welding was conducted. After the BOP test, cross-section observation was conducted to analyze the penetration characteristics. After observation, four bead parameters were measured, and these tendency result of laser welding for STS 304 steel can be used as conditions laser butt welding of STS 304 steel.
“La cultura di ogni grande scrittore è medioevale”: il sistema allegorico dantesco in Petrolio di Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Moretti Maddalena
Published: January 2024

Il contributo intende investigare le strutture narrative adottate da Pier Paolo Pasolini all’interno del suo ultimo romanzo: Petrolio (1992). Analizzando l’uso pasoliniano dell’allegoria e della visione nell’opera, se ne vuole evidenziare il carattere medievale e, in particolar modo, la forte influenza del modello dantesco. L’analisi di diverse “spie” contenute nel romanzo e nei fogli preparatori, come il doppio rimando all’allegoria storico-politica degli ultimi canti del Purgatorio, porterà infatti alla luce la paternità dantesca del sistema allegorico di Petrolio. Si mostrerà, tuttavia, come non si tratti più dell’allegoria figurale di ascendenza auerbachiana che aveva interessato Pasolini negli anni precedenti, bensì di un ritorno all’allegoria vera e propria, ovvero una narrazione favolosa che cela “una veritade” (Dante, Convivio II, I. 4). Infine, un’analisi ravvicinata delle principali allegorie del romanzo svelerà che tali episodi allegorici rimandano inequivocabilmente a personaggi e ambientazioni proprie della Commedia. In questo modo, si potrà concludere che non solo Pasolini si ispira a Dante per costruire il sistema allegorico di Petrolio, ma che lo stesso apparato figurativo delle singole allegorie pasoliniane è costruito sulla falsariga di episodi danteschi.
«Eravamo io, er Mancino, er Moretto, er Chiolla-Chiolla, er Candeletta…». Un’analisi linguistica dei soprannomi dialettali in due commenti di Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: De Vecchis Kevin
Published: January 2024

Il presente lavoro ha come oggetto di studio due commenti di Pier Paolo Pasolini, scritti per i primi cortometraggi di Cecilia Mangini, Ignoti alla città (1958) e La canta delle marane (1961). Di chiara ispirazione pasoliniana sia nella scelta della trama che dell’ambientazione (è esplicito il richiamo ai romanzi romani dello scrittore di Casarsa), i due documentari si differenziano per la lingua scelta: l’italiano per Ignoti alla città (salvo un elenco di soprannomi in dialetto) e il romanesco per La canta delle marane. I due testi non sono stati finora sufficientemente indagati da un punto di vista linguistico e filologico: le trascrizioni che appaiono nelle edizioni più recenti delle opere pasoliniane riportano, infatti, una versione finale alterata dalla mano di Cecilia Mangini e Lino Del Fra. In questo articolo si dà conto degli originali pasoliniani e si offre un primo tentativo di analisi linguistica relativo a un settore ben preciso del lessico, quello dei soprannomi.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED ISLAMIC SCHOOL CURRICULUM AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS
Authors: Salmon Yoseph , Saefudin Didin , Mujahidin Endin , Husaini Adian
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on describing and discovering a model for developing the Islamic boarding school curriculum at the junior high school level in integrated Islamic schools, where the presence of Islamic boarding schools is an integral part of the education model. Initially, as a full-day school, the concept of boarding school or Islamic boarding school emerged. In facing the expansion and development of Islamic schools, developing a curriculum model based on current products and the education market is essential. Education actors must be wise in preparing curriculum composition or structure that can adapt to recent developments. Actors in Islamic religious education and science will contribute maximally to determining curriculum content so that the Islamic Boarding School curriculum becomes at the forefront. This research aims to explore the integrated Islamic school model starting from the philosophical roots of the curriculum. By taking the example of the Ibnu Salam Nurul Fikri Boarding School in Serang, Banten, as a pioneer of integrated Islamic school-based Islamic boarding schools, it was found that the curriculum structure always refers to the national curriculum. Educational institutions' religious and scientific camps have become an unavoidable dualistic reality. This research seeks to develop the Islamic Boarding School curriculum structure at integrated Islamic schools at the junior high school level. The field study results show that the Islamic boarding school continues to prioritize science (dikes) as its curriculum philosophy, intending to produce quality graduates for state universities. This research uses qualitative methods with literature study and interviews as procedures, creating descriptive data from participants in written and oral form.
The Effect of Weed Burning as A Mechanical Method in Controlling Rodents in Maize Fields
Authors:   Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt., Elrawy Ahmed A. A. , Mahmoud Nashaat .A , Baghdadi Saudi A. S. ,   Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept., Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt., Desoky Abd El-Aleem S. S. ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture Sohag University, Egypt.
Published: January 2024

This study was carried out to effect of weed burning as a mechanical method in controlling rodents in maize fields of Al-Dahsa village in Farshout district, Qena Governorate, Egypt, during study period 2018 / 2019. The results showed reduction in food consumer stations by (100, 86.7 and 77.6%) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after treatment. This study can be using the method of weed burning as one of the integrated control programs in controlling rodents in maize fields.
Attributes, uses, and management of Dovyalis caffra (Kei apple) A Review of literature
Authors:   Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841,, Tadesse Eguale ,   Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute (EEFRI), 24536 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;
Published: January 2024

The objective of this review is to explore information about D. caffra and get good ideas about future research requirements and development activities. Dovyalis caffra (Warb.) (Kei apple) which belongs to the family Flacourtacea is a thorny evergreen tree/shrub native to the Kei River area of southwest Africa and abundant in the wild around the eastern Cape, Kaffraria, and Natal. It is now found distributed in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. Propagation of D. caffra is mostly by seed but its propagation is also possible vegetatively using stem cuttings. Propagation by stem cuttings is preferred to propagation by seed for faster, lesser cost, and easier establishment and to counteract the challenges posed by the storage behavior of the recalcitrant nature of seeds. D.caffra has many uses such as live fences, fodder for livestock, traditional medicine, and food for human beings. It has also allelopathic chemicals that suppress or control the growth of weeds in its vicinity. D.caffra can be managed by pruning and trimming. The purpose of the management is to keep live fences in good condition including shape and appearance, to avoid dead and diseased wood, to maintain and improve flower display, and to make the plants take small space. Studies regarding this valuable species are very limited in Ethiopia but some studies done in agroforestry, especially in home gardens show a high frequency of the species since it is used widely in live fences and to some extent as food.
Scrub Typhus Re-Emergence of The Neglected, Silent Killer in Himachal Pradesh (India)
Authors:   M.D.  Senior Resident Department of Microbiology, IGMC Shimla India, Katoch Pankaj , Roach Vipin ,   M.D.  Senior Resident Department of Paediatrics, IGMC Shimla India, Chaudhary Sanjiv ,   Prof Department of Paediatrics Dr. RPGMC Tanda Himachal Pradesh India.
Published: January 2024

Scrub typhus is one of the common causes of fever in the foothills of the Himalayan region of India, affecting almost all age groups of patients. Scrub typhus is a zoonotic mite-borne bacterial disease that is transmitted to the population by the bite of larvae of the infected trombiculid mites that bite humans. Currently, scrub typhus appears to be re-emerging and spreading in the non-endemic areas with alarming antibiotic resistance patterns. It is a threat to more than a billion people and causes significant mortality worldwide. Clinical features can present in a variety of ways in patients suffering with scrub typhus. It causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and mortality can range 60-70% without effective therapy. Scrub Typhus presenting with bicytopenia, pancytopenia, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. This present study aims to know the varied clinical presentation in scrub typhus patients with Pancytopenia and Bicytopenia and the incidence of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly in the paediatric age group. Prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics in Dr. RPGMC Tanda Himachal Pradesh (India). The study included all patients except those falling in the exclusion criteria and only after informed written consent. A total of 37 children admitted with scrub typhus bicytopenia and pancytopenia were enrolled for one year, that is from March 2013 to March 2014. Bicytopenia was observed in 30 patients (81.08%) and pancytopenia in 7 (18.91%) cases in typhus patients. Hepatomegaly was observed in 28 patients (73.68%) and splenomegaly in 16 patients (42.10%). Anaemia was seen in 35 (94.59%) patients. Males 13 were less affected than females 24 with a male-to-female ratio of .54 to 1. The most common age group affected was 11-15 years with female prudence with a male: female ratio of 0.54:1. Pallor was the most common sign in 35 (94.59%) followed by hepatomegaly 28(73.68%) and splenomegaly in 16(42.10%) patients. It is very important to start empirical therapy in a patient with fever and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome for scrub typhus to reduce mortality. There is an urgent need to establish next-generation metagenomic sequencing centers in the region at the tertiary-level institutes for the detection of new antigenic variations.
Toxicity of Diphenyltin Chloride on viable count of aerobic bacteria from River Benue.
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi., T Ichor , M.L Ate , E.E Ebah ,   Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi., Q Amua ,   Department of Chemistry, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi
Published: January 2024

This research was carried out to determine the toxicity of diphenyltin chloride on viable count of freshwater aerobic bacteria. Water samples obtained from a depth of 15 cm at five sampling points along river Benue were spiked with 3 mM of DPTCl to have a duplicate setup of three (3) treatments. Organotin degradation was determined by measuring the decrease in the concentration of DPTCl using an X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 and the viable count of bacteria was also determined using spread plate technique on MSA. DPTCl concentration was further varied (5 mM, 7 mM and 10 mM) to test levels of toxicity to viable count of bacteria as well as bacterial resistance. patio sequencing technique was used to determine the metagenomics of bacteria species capable of DPTCl degradation from the water samples. Percentage of chemically degraded (40.29%) during the initial two weeks of experiment when the bacterial population was high, was more than the percentage degraded (11.49%) during the last two weeks of the experiment when the biocidal effect of DPTCl had drastically reduced the bacterial population. Of the initial bacterial viable count of 47.2 x 102 that survived the 56 days degradation exercise, only 1.8x101 (0.38%) grew on 7 mM concentration of DPTCl, and none on 10 mM DPTCl. The impact of DPTCl on the viable count of bacteria was statistically significant. Stenotrophomonas spp (29.6%) was the dominant bacterium in DPT degradation, others include; Comamonas spp (9.31%), Microbacterium spp (8.41%) Pseudomonas viridiflava (4.18%), and Stenotrophomonas geniculata (3.46%). Organotins. Diphenyltin though a di-alkyl organotin, is equally a toxic and persistent pollutant that cannot be easily degraded without the use of nutrient amendment. The toxic effect of DPT as demonstrated in this study shows that TPT and other tri-alkyl organotin should not be considered detoxified especially against microorganisms simply because they have been de-alkylated.Sites contaminated by organotins should not be considered remediated until all di and mono alkyl derivatives are completely degraded. Since our natural environments usually have no sufficient nutrient amendments for elimination of pollutants, there is need to engage abiotic processes that can assist the activities of microorganisms in order to speed up remediation process.
Examining the Ability of Caulobacter crescentus and Sphingomonas sp. to Degrade Plastics
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soladevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bangalore- 560107, T B Suneetha , Joshi Aayush Prasad , K. M Ashwini , S Sangeetha , G Suraj , Katira Nikhilesh Janak ,   Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Institute of Technology, Soladevanahalli, Hesaraghatta Road, Bangalore- 560107
Published: January 2024

Plastic pollution is one of the major problems faced all over the world. All living beings are severely affected by the accumulation of plastics in their habitats over the years. Natural decomposition of plastic takes a very long time to occur. Microbial biotechnology has the potential to deal with the plastic wastes in a sustainable manner. As a result, various types of bacteria have been identified from soil and other sources that are capable of decomposing plastic more quickly. Here, we considered the bacterial species Caulobacter crescentus and Sphingomonas sp. whose families are reported to be associated with plastic-degrading microbial environment in the studied research papers. These bacteria were inoculated in plastic-containing medium to examine their polymer breakdown properties.
How To Prepare a Protocol
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy, Steardo Antonio
Published: January 2024

Nowadays it is necessary to facilitate clinical trial development. It seems difficult to assure the appropriate items to outline a protocol for a clinical trial appropriately. Therefore, clarity helps to rise comprehensive clinical trial protocol development structures. Conciseness and clarity are necessary to facilitate the process of clinical trial protocol preparation. The article aims to guide the reader to fulfil correctly all the requirements for the best protocol lending. Template applies easily to the aim of this facility. Nevertheless, the article “How to Prepare a Protocol for a Clinical Trial? 5 Step Advice” sketches clearly five steps to ensure the quality to your protocol outlines. Administrative information, inclusion/exclusion criteria, ethic principles, general governance and data management are basic for a successful protocol approval. No doubt the process of preparation needs a careful filling The appropriate elements can satisfy the requirements for a careful drafting. The article outlines a guide for readers on the appropriate skills. Thus, the article makes possible to get forward on the preparation process promptly. In conclusion the article is a guide can satisfy your basic question on protocol trail structuring.
Analysis of Some Physicochemical Properties and Dietary Risks Assessment of Pesticide Residues of Local Honey in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Chemistry department, Modibbo Adama University (MAU) P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria., B.F Dowell , G.S Abadi ,   Adamawa State College of Nursing and Midwifery, Yola, Nigeria., M.W Daniel ,   Chemistry department, Modibbo Adama University (MAU) P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria., M.M Micah ,   Department of Science Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University (MAU), Yola, P.M.B 2076, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Published: January 2024

Pesticide residues bioaccumulation in the plants and during foraging in search of nectar by bees can caused health-related risks in human. This study investigated honey's physicochemical properties and dietary risk assessments of pesticide residues. This study's pesticide residues were determined using HPLC (LC 1200 series Agilent Tech). The mean values obtained for physicochemical parameters were: pH 3.52±0.02 -5.12±0.05; free acidity 6.50±0.07 -15.08±0.15 meq/kg; electrical conductivity 0.14±0.05 -0.55±0.03 mS/cm; moisture content 15.10±0.05-18.60±0.10% and ash content 0.03±0.01-0.36±0.02%. All the physicochemical parameters analyzed fall within the limits of international standards. The pesticide residues with the highest mean concentration in the honey samples were metachlor in sample HS3 (0.269±0.05 mg/kg) and atrazine (0.266±0.05 mg/kg) in HG3. Both aldrin, heptachlor and Permethrin were found below the EU MRL. EDIs for pesticide residues for adults and children were evaluated and compared with their acceptable daily intake (ADIs) value for each pesticide residue. Metachlor (4.48E-06 mg/kg/bw) and atrazine (4.43E-06 mg/kg/bw) were observed to have the highest EDIs for adults in samples HS3 and HG3 respectively. Similarly, atrazine (1.77E-05 mg/kg/bw) and metachlor (1.79E-05 mg/kg/bw) were observed to have highest EDI for children. All the EDIs evaluated for pesticide residues fall below acceptable daily intake (ADI). The target hazard quotient (THQ) and health index (HI) for pesticide residues in all the samples were < 1, this suggests no risks associated with the level of pesticide residues risks, thus having less danger to human health through its consumption.
Have psychiatrists and general practitioners become traffickers of psychodrug?
Authors:   Health Center Santa Maria de Benquerencia. Regional Health Service of Castilla la Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain, Luis Turabian Jose
Published: January 2024

Mental health problems are now taken for granted as they involve mental illness. Until some time ago, it was understood that, unlike other physicians, psychiatrists and general practitioners (GPs) were trained to treat biological and psychosocial illnesses, including economic, moral, racial, religious, or political “diseases” (1). But currently, there are no longer differences between medical specialties: every disease must be based on a biological alteration. Thus, most GPs and psychiatrists use the medical model of mental illness and treatment focused on psychoactive drugs. However, not all mental health problems are mental illnesses, nor are these “biological bases” adequate to describe the individual experience of people (2). This approach leads to an overdiagnosis of emotional problems such as mental illnesses, and an overtreatment with psychoactive drugs (3, 4). Thus, currently, the prescription of psychoactive drugs (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antipsychotics) is considerable and is increasing exponentially; in addition, a large proportion is prescribed by GPs (5); Adolescents are increasingly being prescribed multiple psychotropic medications that are not approved for people under 18 and have not been studied in combination (6). Depression in older adults, which is less frequent than in other age groups, receives a greater number of prescriptions for psychotropic drugs (7). Therefore, psychiatrists and GPs are becoming "traffickers" of psychoactive drugs (8). With this model focused on psychoactive drugs, mental illness is neither understood nor is the patient helped quite the contrary. This implies a deep crisis in which psychiatry and general medicine find themselves, having embraced the pure pharmacological approach in their management of emotional and psychological disorders and having become, due to the weakness of the variables they manage, a scapegoat for the manipulation of scientific evidence by the research sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry (9-11).
Recurrent primary spinal hydatidosis: an exceptional etiology of spinal and radicular compression
Authors:   Radiology Department, Mother-Child Hospital, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine of Marrakech, University Cadi Ayyad, Mahir M. , Alloula K. , Zouita B. , Basraoui D. , Jalal H. ,   Radiology Department, Mother-Child Hospital, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Faculty of Medicine of Marrakech, University Cadi Ayyad
Published: January 2024

Spinal hydatidosis is an extremely rare occurrence in both children and adults, but it represents the most severe form of bone involvement in echinococcosis. The bone lesions are extensive, with a very progression to neurological complications. Radiologic diagnosis of vertebral hydatidosis, is often difficult. Although surgery is an aggressive treatment therapy for the disease, the recurrent rate remains high. Therefore, it is an imperative management to combine the routine medical imaging with clinical history in the preoperative evaluation and during follow up. We report a case of recurrence of a hydatid cyst with vertebro-medullary localization. The patient underwent 2 operations. We followed up the case for 2 years, thus we discussed our experiences in the diagnosis of spinal hydatidosis.
About the Physiology of Hearing
Authors:   Otolaryngology Clinic in Mielec, Poland, Jan Myjkowski
Published: January 2024

The membrane basilaris plays an important role in the theory of traveling wave.It originates from the ectoblast of the connective tissue, and is bereft of both afferent or efferent innervation. Vibrations of the membrana basilaris formed into a transverse wave occur together with the organ of Corti and a band of connective tissue on the inferior membrane surface. Vibrations take place in a fluid which has suppressive properties. The length and the mass of the membrana basilaris in mammals and birds are very different and there is no relationship between the membrane basilaris length and the length of the sound wave, especially in the range of low frequencies. Small sound intensities, supraliminal, have amplitudes within the limits of a few picometers upon the entrance into the auditory meatus. This amplitude disappears in cochlear fluids and cannot reach the receptor through cochlear fluids. It cannot be intensified by OHC contractions, since there is no depolarization of the external acoustic cell. Short sounds, whose duration time is equal to tenth parts of milliseconds, are perceived by the receptor and recognized is the frequency of those waves, although they do not generate any resonance with the membrana basilaris. Attention was paid to molecular, intracellular transformations responsible for the transfer of information and intracellular amplification. An important role in those processes is played by ion channels of sodium, potassium, calcium and chlorine in the lateral and inferior wall of the acoustic cell. They are responsible for the polarization and depolarization of a cell. Underlined is the role of calcium in the signal transmission and its amplification in an acoustic cell. Słowa kluczowe: Komórka słuchowa, wzmocnienie sygnału, receptor, kanały jonowe
Indications for destructive eye surgeries in a state tertiary hospital in Enugu: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors:   Ophthalmology Department, ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu and College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu., G. C Eze , N. M Ozioko ,   Northumbria University, Department of Social Work Education and community well-being, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE18ST., N. N Okoloagu ,   Ophthalmology Department, ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu and College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu.
Published: January 2024

Destructive eye surgeries lead to permanent loss of eye and ultimately vision. The aim of this study was to find out the indications for destructive eye surgeries in a tertiary hospital in Enugu. It was a 10-year retrospective study. Patients’ folders were retrieved and necessary information was extracted from them. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. A total of 65 patients were studied within the period. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Mean age was 52.86 ± 23.73. Adults were involved more than children. The commonest indication for destructive surgeries was infective causes (40%) followed by traumatic causes (30.8%). The commonest type of destructive surgery was evisceration (90.8%). The commonest indications for destructive eye surgeries are preventable. Thus, there is a need to educate the masses on eye health to avoid practices that may lead to eye removal.
Comorbidity of impulse control disorders and major depression in Parkinson’s disease with multiple stressogenic factors: An intensive multimodal complex therapy.
Authors:   Centre for neurodegenerative diseases and Movement Disorders, Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, Kreuzbergstr. 12-16, 77709 Wolfach, Germany., Ouedraogo Ibrahim Raoua , Koschel Jiri , Emmans David , Jost Wolfgang H. ,   Centre for neurodegenerative diseases and Movement Disorders, Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau, Kreuzbergstr. 12-16, 77709 Wolfach, Germany.
Published: January 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by symptoms that impact both motor and non-motor domains [1]. The disease causes a range of movement symptoms such as balance and gait control disturbance as well as tremor. PD with comorbid major depression and impulse control disorder (ICDs) associated with various stressors not only negatively influence the overall course of disease and treatment but also lead to disability. Whereas there is a well-established treatment guideline for PD, there is no common consent protocol for an effective depression and ICDs therapy in PD Patients.
SOIL SALINITY EFFECT ON SOYBEAN PLANT: A COMPREHENSIVE MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: ISLAM Md. Rasadul , JAHAN Akida JAHAN , HOQUE Md. Najmol
Published: January 2024

Soil salinity is a big barrier to soybean production in many areas of the world. The world’s salinity-affected areas are rising year after year. Therefore, the salinity stress events tend to become more severe in soybean production, thereby, the authors introduced a critical review of the literature to understand the changes in the different traits exposed to salinity stress and their mitigation strategies for the salinity stress of soybean cultivation. Under salinity stress, the soybean plant showed various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and structural changes. Results indicated that salinity stress adversely affects the soybean emergence, nodulation, growth and development, seed quality, oil and protein content of seed as well as yield. Effective salinity management strategies in soybean cultivation are the use of different exogenous components, organic and nano-fertilizers, breeding approaches and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further studies require on the underlying screening of salt-resistant soybean genotypes and their use in molecular breeding.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANTS SPECIES BASED ON UAV IMAGES
Authors: BUZNA Ciprian , HORABLAGA Marinel Nicolae , SABO Luana , JURJESCU Andreea Lidia JURJESCU , SALA Florin
Published: January 2024

The study used imaging analysis to characterize several species of aromatic and medicinal plants. UAV images were taken on five aromatic and medicinal plants species, cultivated by SCDA Lovrin, Timis county, Romania. The biological material was represented by Lavandulua x intermedia (Lavandin), P1; Hyssopus officinalis L., P2, P6; Origanum vulgare L., P3; Thymus serpyllum L., P4; Salvia officinalis L., P5 (P1 to P6 species code in the article). The images were analyzed (four repetitions) and the values of the RGB color parameters were obtained. The ANOVA test confirmed the presence of variance and the safety of the data (F>F crit, p<0.001; Alpha=0.001). The correlation analysis highlighted positive and negative correlations of different intensity levels between RGB parameters and calculated ratios (R/G, R/B, G/R, G/B, B/R, B/G). The variation of G in relation to R was described by a polynomial equation of degree 3 (R2=0.956), and the variation of B in relation to R was described by a polynomial equation of degree 2 (R2=0.736). High variability was recorded in the case of parameter B (CVB=23.44534), plant P3 (Origanum vulgare L.), and low variability was recorded in the case of color parameter G (CVG=2.66030), plant P2 (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Based on PCA, the distribution diagram of plant species in relation to RGB color parameters and calculated ratios, as biplot, was obtained. PC1 explained 66.037% of variance, and PC2 explained 33.095% of variance in relation to RGB, and PC1 explained 58.923% of variance, and PC2 explained 36.46% of variance in relation to the calculated ratios. The cluster analysis facilitated the grouping of plant species (P1 to P6) based on similarity in relation to the RGB color parameter values (Coph.corr. = 0.959).
THE DIVERSITY OF USEFUL ARTHROPODS IN TWO WHEAT AGROECOSYSTEMS FROM TRANSYLVANIAN PLAIN
Authors: VALEAN Ana Maria , TARAU Adina , CRISAN Ioana , SOPTEREAN Laura , SUCIU Loredana , FILIP Emanuela , POPA Alin
Published: January 2024

The increase in agricultural production is conditioned by several factors, among which plant protection against pests plays a very important role. Alongside chemical methods, biological control methods against harmful organisms in crops have recently become widespread, and one of these methods is the use of useful insects (predators and parasites). Therefore, during 2016-2018, a study was conducted on monitoring the useful entomofauna in the culture of autumn wheat, in two types of agroecosystems, at Turda and Bolduț, within the Turda Research and Development Station for Agriculture. The two locations are quite close in terms of distance, but very different in terms of territorial organization, with the Bolduț farm being surrounded by a network of agroforestry shelterbelts. In Turda, the plots are located in open field conditions and are protected by rare spontaneous marginal strips. The research aimed to evaluate the diversity of useful arthropod fauna in the two agrobiocenoses, as well as the influence of the agroecosystem on these insects. Following the observations, it can be stated that the entomophagous arthropods identified in the two agroecosystems differ only in terms of ecological indicators, belonging to the same groups of entomophages, their diversity being closely related to climatic conditions, applied technology, but also to the type of agroecosystem.