bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH PADA TIKUS WISTAR JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN
Authors: Wahyuni Tri
Published: July 2021

Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit metabolisme yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia yang diakibatkan oleh kurangnya insulin atau terjadinya resistensi insulin. Belimbing wuluh merupakan salah satu tanaman herbal yang mengandung antioksidan sehingga perlu dilakukan uji potensi antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh terhadap kadar gula darah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan pre-post test control group design dengan 24 sampel tikus wistar jantan yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol (kelompok normal dan kelompok hiperglikemik) 1 kelompok pembanding (glibenklamid) dan 1 kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh). Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) dan glibenklamid mempunyai efek dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah pada tikus yang diinduksi streptozotosin yang dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan rata-rata besar kadar gula darah tikus pre perlakuan glibenklamid sebesar 258,4117 mg/dL dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 126,4300 mg/dL  dan perubahan rata-rata kadar gula darah pada pre ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh sebesar 257,7717 mg/dL dan setelah perlakuan sebesar 149,0933 mg/dL. Kapasitas antioksidan darah pada kelompok yang diberi glibenklamid dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 1,000 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok pembanding (glibenklamid) dengan kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh). Ada pengaruh potensi antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi streptozotosin. Kapasitas antioksidan darah pada kelompok yang diberi glibenklamid dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh  tidak berbeda signifikan jika dilihat secara statistik yang dapat dilihat dari angka signifikansinya yaitu 0,880.
A Mobile Sensing App to Monitor Youth Mental Health: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: MacLeod Lucy , Suruliraj Banuchitra , Gall Dominik , Bessenyei Kitti , Hamm Sara , Romkey Isaac , Bagnell Alexa , Mattheisen Manuel , Muthukumaraswamy Viswanath , Orji Rita , Meier Sandra
Published: July 2021

Background

Internalizing disorders are the most common psychiatric problems observed among youth in Canada. Sadly, youth with internalizing disorders often avoid seeking clinical help and rarely receive adequate treatment. Current methods of assessing internalizing disorders usually rely on subjective symptom ratings, but internalizing symptoms are frequently underreported, which creates a barrier to the accurate assessment of these symptoms in youth. Therefore, novel assessment tools that use objective data need to be developed to meet the highest standards of reliability, feasibility, scalability, and affordability. Mobile sensing technologies, which unobtrusively record aspects of youth behaviors in their daily lives with the potential to make inferences about their mental health states, offer a possible method of addressing this assessment barrier.

Objective

This study aims to explore whether passively collected smartphone sensor data can be used to predict internalizing symptoms among youth in Canada.

Methods

In this study, the youth participants (N=122) completed self-report assessments of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Next, the participants installed an app, which passively collected data about their mobility, screen time, sleep, and social interactions over 2 weeks. Then, we tested whether these passive sensor data could be used to predict internalizing symptoms among these youth participants.

Results

More severe depressive symptoms correlated with more time spent stationary (r=0.293; P=.003), less mobility (r=0.271; P=.006), higher light intensity during the night (r=0.227; P=.02), and fewer outgoing calls (r=−0.244; P=.03). In contrast, more severe anxiety symptoms correlated with less time spent stationary (r=−0.249; P=.01) and greater mobility (r=0.234; P=.02). In addition, youths with higher anxiety scores spent more time on the screen (r=0.203; P=.049). Finally, adding passively collected smartphone sensor data to the prediction models of internalizing symptoms significantly improved their fit.

Conclusions

Passively collected smartphone sensor data provide a useful way to monitor internalizing symptoms among youth. Although the results replicated findings from adult populations, to ensure clinical utility, they still need to be replicated in larger samples of youth. The work also highlights intervention opportunities via mobile technology to reduce the burden of internalizing symptoms early on.
Developing a RadLex-Based Named Entity Recognition Tool for Mining Textual Radiology Reports: Development and Performance Evaluation Study
Authors: Tsuji Shintaro , Wen Andrew , Takahashi Naoki , Zhang Hongjian , Ogasawara Katsuhiko , Jiang Gouqian
Published: July 2021

Background

Named entity recognition (NER) plays an important role in extracting the features of descriptions such as the name and location of a disease for mining free-text radiology reports. However, the performance of existing NER tools is limited because the number of entities that can be extracted depends on the dictionary lookup. In particular, the recognition of compound terms is very complicated because of the variety of patterns.

Objective

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an NER tool concerned with compound terms using RadLex for mining free-text radiology reports.

Methods

We leveraged the clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES) to develop customized pipelines using both RadLex and SentiWordNet (a general purpose dictionary). We manually annotated 400 radiology reports for compound terms in noun phrases and used them as the gold standard for performance evaluation (precision, recall, and F-measure). In addition, we created a compound terms–enhanced dictionary (CtED) by analyzing false negatives and false positives and applied it to another 100 radiology reports for validation. We also evaluated the stem terms of compound terms by defining two measures: occurrence ratio (OR) and matching ratio (MR).

Results

The F-measure of cTAKES+RadLex+general purpose dictionary was 30.9% (precision 73.3% and recall 19.6%) and that of the combined CtED was 63.1% (precision 82.8% and recall 51%). The OR indicated that the stem terms of effusion, node, tube, and disease were used frequently, but it still lacks capturing compound terms. The MR showed that 71.85% (9411/13,098) of the stem terms matched with that of the ontologies, and RadLex improved approximately 22% of the MR from the cTAKES default dictionary. The OR and MR revealed that the characteristics of stem terms would have the potential to help generate synonymous phrases using the ontologies.

Conclusions

We developed a RadLex-based customized pipeline for parsing radiology reports and demonstrated that CtED and stem term analysis has the potential to improve dictionary-based NER performance with regard to expanding vocabularies.
The Classification of Six Common Skin Diseases Based on Xiangya-Derm: Development of a Chinese Database for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Huang Kai , Jiang Zixi , Li Yixin , Wu Zhe , Wu Xian , Zhu Wu , Chen Mingliang , Zhang Yu , Zuo Ke , Li Yi , Yu Nianzhou , Liu Siliang , Huang Xing , Su Juan , Yin Mingzhu , Qian Buyue , Wang Xianggui , Chen Xiang , Zhao Shuang
Published: July 2021

Background

Skin and subcutaneous disease is the fourth-leading cause of the nonfatal disease burden worldwide and constitutes one of the most common burdens in primary care. However, there is a severe lack of dermatologists, particularly in rural Chinese areas. Furthermore, although artificial intelligence (AI) tools can assist in diagnosing skin disorders from images, the database for the Chinese population is limited.

Objective

This study aims to establish a database for AI based on the Chinese population and presents an initial study on six common skin diseases.

Methods

Each image was captured with either a digital camera or a smartphone, verified by at least three experienced dermatologists and corresponding pathology information, and finally added to the Xiangya-Derm database. Based on this database, we conducted AI-assisted classification research on six common skin diseases and then proposed a network called Xy-SkinNet. Xy-SkinNet applies a two-step strategy to identify skin diseases. First, given an input image, we segmented the regions of the skin lesion. Second, we introduced an information fusion block to combine the output of all segmented regions. We compared the performance with 31 dermatologists of varied experiences.

Results

Xiangya-Derm, as a new database that consists of over 150,000 clinical images of 571 different skin diseases in the Chinese population, is the largest and most diverse dermatological data set of the Chinese population. The AI-based six-category classification achieved a top 3 accuracy of 84.77%, which exceeded the average accuracy of dermatologists (78.15%).

Conclusions

Xiangya-Derm, the largest database for the Chinese population, was created. The classification of six common skin conditions was conducted based on Xiangya-Derm to lay a foundation for product research.
Prediction of Readmission in Geriatric Patients From Clinical Notes: Retrospective Text Mining Study
Authors: Goh Kim Huat , Wang Le , Yeow Adrian Yong Kwang , Ding Yew Yoong , Au Lydia Shu Yi , Poh Hermione Mei Niang , Li Ke , Yeow Joannas Jie Lin , Tan Gamaliel Yu Heng
Published: July 2021

Background

Prior literature suggests that psychosocial factors adversely impact health and health care utilization outcomes. However, psychosocial factors are typically not captured by the structured data in electronic medical records (EMRs) but are rather recorded as free text in different types of clinical notes.

Objective

We here propose a text-mining approach to analyze EMRs to identify older adults with key psychosocial factors that predict adverse health care utilization outcomes, measured by 30-day readmission. The psychological factors were appended to the LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of the admission, Comorbidity of the patient, and Emergency department use) Index for Readmission to improve the prediction of readmission risk.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis using EMR notes of 43,216 hospitalization encounters in a hospital from January 1, 2017 to February 28, 2019. The mean age of the cohort was 67.51 years (SD 15.87), the mean length of stay was 5.57 days (SD 10.41), and the mean intensive care unit stay was 5% (SD 22%). We employed text-mining techniques to extract psychosocial topics that are representative of these patients and tested the utility of these topics in predicting 30-day hospital readmission beyond the predictive value of the LACE Index for Readmission.

Results

The added text-mined factors improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the readmission prediction by 8.46% for geriatric patients, 6.99% for the general hospital population, and 6.64% for frequent admitters. Medical social workers and case managers captured more of the psychosocial text topics than physicians.

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of extracting psychosocial factors from EMR clinical notes and the value of these notes in improving readmission risk prediction. Psychosocial profiles of patients can be curated and quantified from text mining clinical notes and these profiles can be successfully applied to artificial intelligence models to improve readmission risk prediction.
Brain Mechanisms of Virtual Reality Breathing Versus Traditional Mindful Breathing in Pain Modulation: Observational Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Hu Xiao-Su , Beard Katherine , Sherbel Mary Catherine , Nascimento Thiago D , Petty Sean , Pantzlaff Eddie , Schwitzer David , Kaciroti Niko , Maslowski Eric , Ashman Lawrence M , Feinberg Stephen E , DaSilva Alexandre F
Published: July 2021

Background

Pain is a complex experience that involves sensory-discriminative and cognitive-emotional neuronal processes. It has long been known across cultures that pain can be relieved by mindful breathing (MB). There is a common assumption that MB exerts its analgesic effect through interoception. Interoception refers to consciously refocusing the mind’s attention to the physical sensation of internal organ function.

Objective

In this study, we dissect the cortical analgesic processes by imaging the brains of healthy subjects exposed to traditional MB (TMB) and compare them with another group for which we augmented MB to an outside sensory experience via virtual reality breathing (VRB).

Methods

The VRB protocol involved in-house–developed virtual reality 3D lungs that synchronized with the participants’ breathing cycles in real time, providing them with an immersive visual-auditory exteroception of their breathing.

Results

We found that both breathing interventions led to a significant increase in pain thresholds after week-long practices, as measured by a thermal quantitative sensory test. However, the underlying analgesic brain mechanisms were opposite, as revealed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy data. In the TMB practice, the anterior prefrontal cortex uniquely modulated the premotor cortex. This increased its functional connection with the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), thereby facilitating the S1-based sensory-interoceptive processing of breathing but inhibiting its other role in sensory-discriminative pain processing. In contrast, virtual reality induced an immersive 3D exteroception with augmented visual-auditory cortical activations, which diminished the functional connection with the S1 and consequently weakened the pain processing function of the S1.

Conclusions

In summary, our study suggested two analgesic neuromechanisms of VRB and TMB practices—exteroception and interoception—that distinctively modulated the S1 processing of the ascending noxious inputs. This is in line with the concept of dualism (Yin and Yang).
Effects of Message Framing on Cancer Prevention and Detection Behaviors, Intentions, and Attitudes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ainiwaer Abidan , Zhang Shuai , Ainiwaer Xiayiabasi , Ma Feicheng
Published: July 2021

Background

With the increasing health care burden of cancer, public health organizations are increasingly emphasizing the importance of calling people to engage in long-term prevention and periodical detection. How to best deliver behavioral recommendations and health outcomes in messaging is an important issue.

Objective

This study aims to disaggregate the effects of gain-framed and loss-framed messages on cancer prevention and detection behaviors and intentions and attitudes, which has the potential to inform cancer control programs.

Methods

A search of three electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed) was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2020. After a good agreement achieved on a sample by two authors, the article selection (κ=0.8356), quality assessment (κ=0.8137), and data extraction (κ=0.9804) were mainly performed by one author. The standardized mean difference (attitude and intention) and the odds ratio (behaviors) were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of message framing (gain-framed message and loss-framed message). Calculations were conducted, and figures were produced by Review Manager 5.3.

Results

The title and abstract of 168 unique citations were scanned, of which 53 were included for a full-text review. A total of 24 randomized controlled trials were included, predominantly examining message framing on cancer prevention and detection behavior change interventions. There were 9 studies that used attitude to predict message framing effect and 16 studies that used intention, whereas 6 studies used behavior to examine the message framing effect directly. The use of loss-framed messages improved cancer detection behavior (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64-0.90; P=.001), and the results from subgroup analysis indicated that the effect would be weak with time. No effect of framing was found when effectiveness was assessed by attitudes (prevention: SMD=0.02, 95% CI –0.13 to 0.17; P=.79; detection: SMD=–0.05, 95% CI –0.15 to 0.05; P=.32) or intentions (prevention: SMD=–0.05, 95% CI –0.19 to 0.09; P=.48; detection: SMD=0.02, 95% CI –0.26 to 0.29; P=.92) among studies encouraging cancer prevention and cancer detection.

Conclusions

Research has shown that it is almost impossible to change people's attitudes or intentions about cancer prevention and detection with a gain-framed or loss-framed message. However, loss-framed messages have achieved preliminary success in persuading people to adopt cancer detection behaviors. Future studies could improve the intervention design to achieve better intervention effectiveness.
Factors Affecting Wearable ECG Device Adoption by General Practitioners for Atrial Fibrillation Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yao YI , Li Zhichao , He Yi , Zhang Yalin , Guo Zhaoxia , Lei Yi , Zhao Qian , Li Dongze , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Yonggang , Liao Xiaoyang
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a challenging cardiovascular disease worldwide. Wearable electrocardiograph devices (WEDs) have great potential to improve the detection rate of AF in primary care. However, the factors that influence general practitioners’ (GPs) perception and acceptance of WEDs are not well understood. These factors are very important for the usability of WEDs.

OBJECTIVE

To identify factors that influence the intention of GPs to utilize WEDs in a clinical setting to screen patients for AF.

METHODS

The research hypotheses and questionnaire items were designed and developed based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and technology (UTAUT) framework. We used stratified random sampling and obtained the data through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data.

RESULTS

A total of 1004 valid questionnaires from GPs across Sichuan province in China were collected. Three factors increased GPs' intention to utilize WEDs to screen patients for AF, including performance expectancy (β=0.121, P=.004), social influence (β=0.356, P<.001), and price perception (β=0.587, P<.001). Perception risk (β=-0.059, P<.001) decreased usage intention, while effort expectancy (β=-0.079, P=.155) and facilitating conditions (β=-0.014, P=.868) did not affect usage intention. Gender (β=-0.022, P=.179), age (β=0.006, P=.699), education level (β=-0.22, P=.184) and training (β=0.007, P=.690) were not significantly correlated with usage intention, and these four factors had no moderating effect on the path coefficients.

CONCLUSIONS

GPs’ intention to utilize WEDs is affected by performance expectancy, price perception, perception risk and social influence. Health information technology companies should improve the usability and perception of WEDs for screening and carry out studies to provide evidence for the security of wearable devices. They should also focus on social influence and provide the devices at a reasonable price.

CLINICALTRIAL

This study is registered at www.chictr.org.cn (Identifier: CHiCTR1900021246).
Foam Concrete: A Review
Authors: Bhaskar Dr. Kiran
Published: July 2021

Foam concrete has the potential of being an alternative to ordinary concrete, as it reduces dead loads on the structure and foundation, contributes to energy conservation, and lowers the cost of production and labour cost during the construction and transportation. Presently the emerging trend is the use of foam concrete, which is a lightweight concrete having more strength-to-weight ratio with density varying from 300 to 2000 kg/m3. This reduces the dead load on the structure, cost of production and labour cost involved during the construction and transportation. Also, the large number of pores in the foamed concrete reduces the thermal and sound absorption, thus making the structure appropriate for all climatic conditions. The paper outlines a review of foamed concrete in terms of its definitions & classifications, materials, mix design, production of foamed concrete, properties of foamed concrete such as workability, density, compressive strength, porosity, fire resistance, shrinkage, water absorption, permeability. Apart from this, the paper outlines various applications of foam concrete.
Model Pembelajaran Penginderaan Jauh Di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Somantri Lili , Ridwana Riki
Published: July 2021

Pembelajaran penginderaan jauh di sekolah menengah atas belum mampu dilakukan secara maksimal. Dikarenakan berbagai keterbatasan diantaranya guru kurang memahami materi yang behubungan dengan penerapan atau aplikasi dari konsep penginderaan jauh, guru kurang menguasai penggunaan perangkat lunak penginderaan jauh, guru masih menggunakan metode ceramah dan tugas, dan guru menggunakan media pembelajaran yang kurang lengkap. Untuk memberikan solusi pada permasalahan pembelajaran penginderaan jauh di sekolah, maka artikel ini akan mencoba memaparkan hasil penelitian tentang model pembelajaran penginderaan jauh yang paling tepat agar dapat diterapkan oleh guru dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Artikel ini memaparkan model pembelajaran penginderaan jauh di sekolah dengan metode mengulas beberapa hasil penelitian. Analisis pembahasan dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan model pembelajaran penginderaan jauh, pendekatan pembelajaran, dan metode pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi kurikulum 2013. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran untuk materi penginderaan jauh kelas X paling tepat menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek (project based learning), kelas XI menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah (problem based learning), dan kelas XII paling tepat menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis penelitian (research based learning). Hasil temuan model pembelajaran ini dapat diterapkan pada materi penginderaan jauh berdasarkan jenjang Pendidikan.
TÜRKİYE’ DE BULUNAN AYASOFYA YAPILARININ BENZERLİK ve FARKLILIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KARAHALİLOĞLU Aleyna , KURAK AÇICI Funda
Published: July 2021

Eski devirlerden beri farklı medeniyetleri barındırmış olan Türkiye, bu medeniyetlerin izlerini taşıyan birçok tarihi yapıya sahiptir. Bu yapılar farklı işlevlerde olup birçoğunu kiliseler oluşturmaktadır. Kiliseler, dini bir değere sahip oldukları için sağlam ve dayanıklı yapılmış bu sayede günümüze kadar korunabilmişlerdir. Günümüzde değerini korumaya devam eden kilise yapılarından, Bizans dönemine ait yapılar olarak Ayasofya kiliselerini Türkiye’nin dört bir yanında görmek mümkündür. Türkiye’de 9 tane Ayasofya kilisesi bulunmakta olup bunlardan ikisi İstanbul’da, diğerleri ise Edirne, Kırklareli, Trabzon, Gümüşhane, Zonguldak, Bitlis ve İznik’tedir. Bu kiliselerden İstanbul ‘da yer alan Büyük Ayasofya daha çok tanınmakta olup aynı şehirde olan Küçük Ayasofya dahil diğerleri yeterince tanınmamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Ayasofya yapılarının günümüzdeki durumları üzerinden birbiri ile benzerlik ve farklılıkları değerlendirildikten sonra diğerlerinden ayrılan Küçük Ayasofya yapısı detaylı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye ‘de bulunan Ayasofya yapıları hakkında literatür araştırması yapılarak, yapıların mimari özellikleri ortaya koyulmaktadır. Bu yapılardan özellikle; İstanbul’da yer alan Küçük Ayasofya yapısı üzerinde mimarisini konu alan çalışmaların azınlıkta olduğu görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışmada, hem literatüre katkı sağlanması hem de yapının değerinin ortaya çıkarılması için Küçük Ayasofya daha detaylı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen veriler ve analizler ışığında çalışmanın, konu hakkındaki çalışmalara yol gösterileceği öngörülmektedir.
Phytochemical Study of Capsaicinoids Extracted From Indian Varieties of Capsicum Annuum and Quantification of Capsaicin By Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Ms Aditi khandekar  , Ms Apeksha petare  , Ms Yashashri kolalle  , Ms Mayuri desai  , Ms Sayali gaikwad  , Ms Kajol chavan  , Ms Nimisha vijayan  , Dr Kanchan chitnis
Published: July 2021

The flavour and aroma of chillies is because of the presence of capsaicinoids. Among the capsaicinoids, 90% of the pungency is due to the presence of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-trans-6-nonenamide) and dihydrocapsaicin. From the perspective of the food and pharmaceutical industry, capsaicin being used as an active component, there is a need to find a quicker method of estimating capsaicin. Also it is imperative to determine and standardize a fingerprint of chilli extract of different varieties, to define a pure  sample  containing capsaicin  by  determining  a marker  peak  for  capsaicin,  using HPTLC.  Hence  in  this  study  capsaicin  was estimated by HPLC, GC-MS and HPTLC methods. This study has successfully demonstrated a quick chromatographic separation of capsaicin by HPLC with Rt of just 2.9 min. GC-MS showed the capsaicin peak at Rt of 25.9 min. The fingerprint results of HPTLC indicated capsaicin at Rf 0.03 using Toluene: Ethyl Acetate (70:3) as mobile phase and Iodine vapours as detecting reagent. Besides, the Methanolic extracts of Capsicum annuum showed good antimicrobial activity with very negligible antioxidant properties. Byadgi chilli extract showed the most intense red brown colour with λmax at 500 nm and it thus justified its use as the most preferred one for contributing to colour in food.   Keeping in mind the importance in the food industry, and monitoring of raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry, the methods of HPTLC and HPLC can be used to authenticate chilli powders available in the market and in pharmaceutical products for quick estimation of capsaicin.
THE DIFFERENCE OF BEHAVIOR AND MANGO FARMERS’ INCOME IN IMPLEMENTING OFF SEASON AND ON SEASON FARMING
Authors: Noerbayinda Esa , Wulandari Eliana
Published: July 2021

The production of gedong gincu mango tends to be abundant lead to the selling price could decrease. Mango farmers in Jatibarang Sub-district had implemented off season farming as a solution to maintain the availability of mango production throughout the year which would have implications on the rising selling price. The behavior of farmers in on and off season could be different that may affect the cost, sale price and income of farmers. This study aims to analyze the differences behavior gedong gincu mango farmers in on and off season as well as its effect on their income. This research was conducted using survey method. The data analysis used a descriptive statistic, Mann Whitney tests and income analysis. The results showed no difference in farmers’ behavior in terms of fertilization and pruning frequency. Farmers in Jatibarang Sub-district as a whole have implemented off season farming so that there are differences in behavior in terms of the spraying frequency and applying paclobutrazol. Off season farming was more profitable than on season farming, with the average selling price reached IDR 25,200 per kg and average income of IDR 52,680,594. Therefore, off season farming could be an option to increase farmers’ income
BRAND AWARENESS LEVEL OF PAWON JENONK AS ONE OF THE MICRO-SCALE FOOD INDUSTRIES IN BANDUNG, INDONESIA
Authors: Nur Ishmah Hanifatur Aziz , Wiyono Sulistyodewi Nur , Rochdiani Dini , Syamsiyah Nur
Published: July 2021

Brand awareness is one of the brand equity components that holds a significant role in brand popularity and brand profitability. However, Pawon Jenonk has been encountering popularity and profitability issues for 3 years. Therefore, this study is executed to measure consumers' brand awareness of Pawon Jenonk and its ability to indicate the brand’s popularity and profitability or the contrary. In this study, the level of brand awareness is measured from both its depth and breadth. This study used a quantitative research design using a survey method to collect the data. The population is 160 consumers who purchased its product between December 2020 – January 2021 and simple random sampling was used to choose 150 consumers of the population. In analyzing the collected data, descriptive statistic analysis was used by categorizing the respondents’ total rating score towards the brand awareness instruments. The result shows that 59,33% of the respondents have a high level of brand awareness, 36,00% of the respondents have a moderate level of brand awareness, and 4,67% of the respondents have a low level of brand awareness. From that result, it can be stated that Pawon Jenonk has been quite successful in establishing its consumers' ability to recognize and recall the brand but not so much in establishing the consumers’ consideration to purchase and consume its products. It can be stated that this study indicates a linkage between brand awareness with the brand’s popularity and profitability. The result also proved that Pawon Jenonk’s issues are related to its brand awareness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the level of brand awareness can indicate brand popularity and profitability condition or the contrary.
PARTICIPATORY LAND USE CONFLICT RESOLUTION: EFFORTS TOWARDS COMMUNITY COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Golar Golar , Massiri Sudirman Dg , Rauf Rustam Abd , Muis Hasriani , Paingi Syahril
Published: July 2021

This research aims to determine the causes of land-use conflicts and formulate  a participatory conflict resolution model of the Forest Management Unit (KPH) of Kulawi. Through interviews with respondents using the purposive sampling method. The study included the community around the forest area, local government, KPH, Department of Agriculture, BPDAS-HL, and local government. Data analysis was stakeholder's and land use conflict by using problem trees analysis. The study results show that the battle occurred not only because of the community's factor of accessing the area illegally but also because the KPH has not performed its function correctly. Some factors cause enforcement's failure, such as lack of understanding of the area and community empowerment. Some alternative solutions desired by the community: (1) The government through related agencies should supervise forest areas, (2) Clear boundaries between community-owned land, villages, and forest areas, (3) Community empowerment by utilizing potential forest product resources and (4) Granting management rights to community's forest claimed by the community. There are two models of conflict resolution to be offered. First, the KPH needs the collaboration of parties to resolve land-use conflicts.  Second, community involvement as the main subject is significant in every stage of conflict resolution. The KPH supports improving community capacity related to competence in conflict resolution is indispensable.
Establishment of the minimum data set for cultivated-layer quality assessment and its verification: A case study of sloping farmland in a purple hilly area, China
Authors: Zhang Jianle , Shi Dongmei , Li Hong , Jiang Na , Xia Rui , Ni shuhui
Published: July 2021

Sloping farmland is an important cultivated land resource and erosion
source. Cultivated-layer quality directly affects the soil productivity
and erosion resistance of sloping farmland. We aim to select the most
effective soil property index to construct a minimum data set (MDS) and
use two methods (the weighted additive cultivated-layer quality index
(CLQIW) and Nemoro cultivated-layer quality index (CLQIN)) to accurately
evaluate the cultivated-layer quality of sloping farmland in purple
hilly areas. The total data set (TDS) of 12 soil indexes was screened by
principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis, and a MDS
was constructed to assess the CLQIW and CLQIN. The results showed that
(1) the cultivated-layer soil quality of the MDS comprises
cultivated-layer thickness, soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic
conductivity, sand, clay, shear strength and soil organic matter. The
MDS can accurately reflect the effective soil information (RW2=0.7524,
RN2=0.8059) and can replace the TDS in cultivated-layer evaluation. (2)
CLQIN-MDS has a higher Ef and lower ER than CLQIW-MDS does, so CLQIN-MDS
is better for evaluating the cultivated-layer quality of purple soil of
sloping farmland. (3) For the two evaluation methods, the quality
classifications of the two small watersheds have similar trends, with
most plots in grades II~III (approximately 90%). (4)
The main obstacles of the two small watersheds are poor nutrients and
low soil shear strength, which can be reasonably controlled by
subsoiling combined with biochar. These results can facilitate the
construction of reasonable cultivated-layers and improvements in the
cultivated-layer soil quality of sloping farmland.
Preventing Ventilation Tube Otorrhea and Obstruction (PreVenTO2): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Luke , Phyland Debra , Giddings Charles
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin 0.3%
antibiotic eardrops in preventing clinically significant postoperative
otorrhea and tube obstruction following grommet insertion in children.
Design: 3-arm double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Randomisation
in 1:1:1 ratio into two interventional and one control arm. The
interventional groups received either 5 drops of topical ciprofloxacin
0.3% eardrops in each ear intraoperatively or intraoperatively and for
5 days postoperatively. The control group received no drops. Patients
were assessed by blinded assessors at 6 weeks postoperatively. Setting:
The study was conducted in a large tertiary health network in Melbourne,
Australia. Participants: All children, 17 years and under, undergoing
bilateral MEVT surgery with or without concurrent upper airway surgery
for recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion
were approached. Main Outcome Measures: Presence of postoperative
otorrhea and ventilation tube obstruction at 6 weeks postoperatively.
Results: 256 pediatric patients completed the study with a median age of
4.02 years. 153 participants were male. Intraoperative antibiotics were
more effective than control in preventing otorrhea (RR=0.341, 95%CI
0.158–0.738, NNT= 11.25, p=.006). Postoperative antibiotics were more
effective than control in preventing ventilation tube obstruction
(RR=0.424, 95%CI 0.193 to 0.930, NNT=14.7 p=.032). Conclusion:
Intraoperative topical ciprofloxacin was effective at preventing early
postoperative otorrhea and a prolonged course was effective at
preventing ventilation tube obstruction. Future studies on this topic
should seek to clarify whether particular subgroups of patients benefit
more from prophylactic topical antibiotics and model for
cost-effectiveness. Trial Registration: This trial was registered
prospectively on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry
(ACTRN12618001082291) on the 28th of June 2018. Available at URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375306
Out-of-pocket Expenditure in Childhood Cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in an LMIC
Authors: MARADIEGUE ESSY , Maza Ivan , Chavez Sharon , Aranda Lourdes , Pascual Claudia , Garcia Henry , Paredes Rodolfo , Riojas Carolina , Benavente Annaly , Gonzales Miguel , Hurtado Isabel , Cabrera Betsy , Machado Christopher , Mattos Erick , Palacios Victor , Tello Mariela , Vasquez Liliana
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented economic and health
vulnerability and inequities globally. This study aims to determine the
out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure of families of children with cancer in
Peru before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a
cross-sectional survey of 235 parents and caregivers of children
diagnosed with cancer in Peru. Our study suggests that OOP expenses in
these families constitute a catastrophic expense for health. This
situation was aggravated due to a decrease in the economic income for
most families due to the disruption in formal and informal employment.
Engineering Inspection Associated Artificial Intelligence for Appraisal of the Property in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Surgelas Vladimir , Arhipova Irina , Pukite Vivita
Published: July 2021

The construction sector is linked to the general development of a country. There is a lot of data scattered and not properly explored in relation to the buildings constructed. However, if these scattered data on the behavior of the real estate market are organized, combined with knowledge of civil engineering, this merger of information can mitigate some evaluation problems, especially those that are overvalued for unknown or dubious reasons. Thus, there is a need for models capable of working with limited data to analyze the causal relationships between explanatory variables and sales prices and, from there, predict property values. The purpose of this article is the innovative use of simple building inspection strategies to predict the market price for residential apartments. For this, 19 samples of residential apartments are used in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in February 2021. The methodology uses the results of the survey of civil engineering and converts them into heuristic terms predicting the price of the property. With this, the imprecision, uncertainty, and subjectivity of human expression combined with the knowledge of civil engineering result in a plausible solution and easy application in the market. Finally, the use of fuzzy logic in the evaluation of properties is an adequate unconventional method, in addition to avoiding repetition in regression coefficients in binary logic. To check the reliability of the method, the comparison between the market values of the samples and the values predicted by the fuzzy logic is used. The result according to the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) can be interpreted as a good result (7%).
Measuring Accounting Asset Informativeness
Authors: Chen Qi , Schipper Katherine , Zhang Ning
Published: July 2021

We develop and validate an empirical measure of the informativeness of accounting assets in measuring firm-specific economic capital, an important determinant of both cash flows and intrinsic values. Our validation tests show that the asset informativeness measure is sensitive to differences in both accounting methods and implementation decisions at the firm level and corresponds to the way equity investors use the information in accounting assets. We find that accounting assets contain substantial information about firms' productive capacity (economic capital) and the information is not summarized in several earnings attributes often associated with earnings quality.

JEL Classifications: M41; G14; G32.
Effect of orthodontic force on dental pulp histomorphology and tissue factor expression:
Authors: Vitali Filipe Colombo , Cardoso Ihan Vitor , Mello Fernanda Weber , Flores-Mir Carlos , Andrada Ana Cristina , Dutra-Horstmann Kamile Leonardi , Duque Thais Mageste
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of orthodontic force on histomorphology and tissue factor expression in the dental pulp.

Materials and Methods

Two reviewers comprehensively and systematically searched the literature in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest) up to September 2020. According to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Studies criteria, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the effects of orthodontic force on dental pulp were included. Case series/reports, laboratory-based or animal studies, reviews, and studies that did not investigate the association between orthodontic force and pulpal changes were excluded. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were used to assess the risk of bias. The overall certainty level was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.

Results

26 observational studies and five RCTs were included. A detailed qualitative analysis of articles showed a wide range of samples and applied methodologies concerning impact of orthodontic force on the dental pulp. The application of orthodontic force seems to promote several pulpal histomorphological changes, including tissue architecture, cell pattern, angiogenesis, hard tissue deposition, inflammation, and alteration of the expression levels of 14 tissue factors.

Conclusions

Although the included articles suggest that orthodontic forces may promote histomorphological changes in the dental pulp, due to the very low-level of evidence obtained, there could be no well-supported conclusion that these effects are actually due to orthodontic movement. Further studies with larger samples and improved methods are needed to support more robust conclusions.
The Choline Metabolite TMAO Inhibits NETosis and Promotes Placental Development in GDM of Humans and Mice
Authors: Lin Xiaojing , Zhang Yunqi , He Xiaoling , Chen Yan , Chen Nan , Liu Juncheng , Wang Miaoran , Li Yue , Yang Hong , Fan Lei , Hou Yi , Li Jibin , Wu Chaodong , Qi Hongbo , Zhang Hua , Xiao Xiaoqiu
Published: July 2021

Choline metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been recognized as a risk factor of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but its exact role in GDM has not been reported. In this study, we focused on the placenta development to reveal the role of TMAO in GDM. We found that the TMAO levels in peripheral and cord plasma were increased in women with GDM and that TMAO levels were positively correlated with newborn weight and placental thickness. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the peripheral and cord plasma and the myeloperoxidase expression in the placenta of women with GDM also increased. NETs could inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of HTR-8/Svneo cells. However, TMAO not only could inhibit the formation of NETs but also could enhance the biological function of HTR-8/Svneo cells. With induction of GDM in NETs-deficient PAD4−/− and wild-type mice, the placental weight of PAD4−/− mice increased significantly. TMAO feeding also inhibited the formation of NETs and further increased the weight of the placenta and fetuses, and this increase did not affect the placental structure. Our data indicate that higher TMAO levels and the formation of abnormal NETs were associated with GDM. TMAO not only could promote the development of the placenta and fetuses but also could inhibit the formation of NETs.
A Multitask Deep-Learning System to Classify Diabetic Macular Edema for Different Optical Coherence Tomography Devices: A Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Tang Fangyao , Wang Xi , Ran An-ran , Chan Carmen K.M. , Ho Mary , Yip Wilson , Young Alvin L. , Lok Jerry , Szeto Simon , Chan Jason , Yip Fanny , Wong Raymond , Tang Ziqi , Yang Dawei , Ng Danny S. , Chen Li Jia , Brelén Marten , Chu Victor , Li Kenneth , Lai Tracy H.T. , Tan Gavin S. , Ting Daniel S.W. , Huang Haifan , Chen Haoyu , Ma Jacey Hongjie , Tang Shibo , Leng Theodore , Kakavand Schahrouz , Mannil Suria S. , Chang Robert T. , Liew Gerald , Gopinath Bamini , Lai Timothy Y.Y. , Pang Chi Pui , Scanlon Peter H. , Wong Tien Yin , Tham Clement C. , Chen Hao , Heng Pheng-Ann , Cheung Carol Y.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the primary cause of vision loss among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). We developed, validated, and tested a deep learning (DL) system for classifying DME using images from three common commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We trained and validated two versions of a multitask convolution neural network (CNN) to classify DME (center-involved DME [CI-DME], non-CI-DME, or absence of DME) using three-dimensional (3D) volume scans and 2D B-scans, respectively. For both 3D and 2D CNNs, we used the residual network (ResNet) as the backbone. For the 3D CNN, we used a 3D version of ResNet-34 with the last fully connected layer removed as the feature extraction module. A total of 73,746 OCT images were used for training and primary validation. External testing was performed using 26,981 images across seven independent data sets from Singapore, Hong Kong, the U.S., China, and Australia.

RESULTS

In classifying the presence or absence of DME, the DL system achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.937 (95% CI 0.920–0.954), 0.958 (0.930–0.977), and 0.965 (0.948–0.977) for the primary data set obtained from CIRRUS, SPECTRALIS, and Triton OCTs, respectively, in addition to AUROCs >0.906 for the external data sets. For further classification of the CI-DME and non-CI-DME subgroups, the AUROCs were 0.968 (0.940–0.995), 0.951 (0.898–0.982), and 0.975 (0.947–0.991) for the primary data set and >0.894 for the external data sets.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated excellent performance with a DL system for the automated classification of DME, highlighting its potential as a promising second-line screening tool for patients with DM, which may potentially create a more effective triaging mechanism to eye clinics.
Literature Review of Type 2 Diabetes Management and Health Literacy
Authors: Alsaedi Rulla , McKeirnan Kimberly
Published: July 2021

Objective

The purpose of this literature review was to identify educational approaches addressing low health literacy for people with type 2 diabetes. Low health literacy can lead to poor management of diabetes, low engagement with health care providers, increased hospitalization rates, and higher health care costs. These challenges can be even more profound among minority populations and non-English speakers in the United States.

Methods

A literature search and standard data extraction were performed using PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases. A total of 1,914 articles were identified, of which 1,858 were excluded based on the inclusion criteria, and 46 were excluded because of a lack of relevance to both diabetes management and health literacy. The remaining 10 articles were reviewed in detail.

Results

Patients, including ethnic minorities and non-English speakers, who are engaged in diabetes education and health literacy improvement initiatives and ongoing follow-up showed significant improvement in A1C, medication adherence, medication knowledge, and treatment satisfaction. Clinicians considering implementing new interventions to address diabetes care for patients with low health literacy can use culturally tailored approaches, consider ways to create materials for different learning styles and in different languages, engage community health workers and pharmacists to help with patient education, use patient-centered medication labels, and engage instructors who share cultural and linguistic similarities with patients to provide educational sessions.

Conclusion

This literature review identified a variety of interventions that had a positive impact on provider-patient communication, medication adherence, and glycemic control by promoting diabetes self-management through educational efforts to address low health literacy.