bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory for Analysis of Microgrid with Real Time Simulation
Authors: Piardi A.B. ,   Itaipu Technological Park Foundation LASSE - FPTI Foz do Iguaçu –PR. Brazil, Otto R.B. , Sonoda D.G. , Santos F.C. , Ferreira L.R.A. , Ramos R.A. ,   University of Sao Paulo. Brazil
Published: July 2024

It becomes essential for Brazil the formation of critical mass and technological base in the microgrid subject and, mainly, the creation of an infrastructure that allows the accomplishment of research in this area of knowledge. Faced with this necessity, it was verified the viability of implementing a laboratory to perform analysis of microgrids systems in the actual premises of the Laboratory of Automation and Simulation of Electrical Systems, which is allocated in Itaipu Technological Park Foundation - Brazil dependencies. In the presented context, this work brings the description of the provisioned infrastructure - whose the main feature will be to add flexibility of analysis through the joint application of real, emulated elements and realtime simulation platform, being at the same level of international reference laboratories as well as the fundamental aspects that provides the basis for your design and the possibilities of research envisaged from its implementation. The joint action of several researchers and enterprises will be stimulated and characterized as fundamental role for the transformation of this laboratory into a national reference in the study of microgrids serving as support for the electrical sector for the complete understanding of the new development trends of the future electrical power. Key words Microgrid; Real-Time Simulation Platform; Control Hardware-in-the-Loop; Power Hardware-in-the-Loop.
Hydrothermal simulations in Brazil using batteries - First Results
Authors: Dall-Orto C. ,   PSR Botafogo. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, Bezerra B. , Novaes R. , Nazaré F. , Rosas P. , Furlanetto P. , Teixeira T. , Tou J. , Xinjian C. , Jiyong Chai ,   Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Brazil,   Instituto de Tecnologia Edson Mororo Moura – ITEMM. Brazil,   CPFL Energia (CPFL) Campinas SP. Brazil,   State Grid international Development Co. Campinas – SP. Brazil
Published: July 2024

The share of renewable energy sources has increased worldwide, especially those considered unconventional (i.e. without considering hydropower). Besides proved as economically competitive, these sources cause less environmental impacts when compared to other sources of traditional power generation such as coal and oil. However, solar and wind power plants are intermittent, i.e., the generation varies according to the availability of the respective natural resources and therefore are considered non-dispatchable by the System Operator (SO). Because of that, the electrical systems must be able to somehow compensate the variability from the non-dispatchable energy sources to meet the supply-demand equilibrium. Storage technologies such as electrochemical (e.g. batteries) and electromechanical (e.g. flywheel) could be used in that sense. Recent developments of these technologies opened space for several ancillary services and products to be offered by the storage systems to the electrical system. In addition to that, the sustained reduction in operation and maintenance (O&M) costssummed to the payments for providing ancillary services could make some of these technologies economically attractive, under certain conditions. Given this new scenario, the representation of these storage systems in the expansion planning and power systems mathematical models becomes necessary. In this study, we simulated the Brazilian electrical system at 2035, considering batteries (corresponding to 7% of the installed capacity) and a 30% share of unconventional renewable energy in the system generation capacity. Key words Hydrothermal Dispatch, Energy Storage System, Batteries, Brazilian Electrical Power System
Reduction of Electrical Losses' Analysis on Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Neto M.N. ,   Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba - Minas Gerais. Brazil. Electrical Engineering Faculty. Brazil, Albertini M.R.C. , De Melo W.B. , Mendonça M.V.B. , Júnior A.J.P.R. , Moura F.A.M. , Camacho J.R. ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia - Minas Gerais. Brazil
Published: July 2024

The increasing use of distributed generation in the Electric Power Systems has brought these several problems, since the controllers of these systems must take into account one more variable for any decisions. Within this context, there was a special emphasis on the use of electric energy storage systems to reduce losses, with the allocation of them as a load at the overgeneration points and to reduce system losses at peak demand points. This article presents an analysis of the distributed generation to compare the electrical losses using electrical energy storage. The technique used to estimate the electric energy generation of a photovoltaic system in one day, according to temperature and irradiation data, was the application of artificial neural networks. Thus, the storage element appropriate to the demand and generation levels was first defined and the OpenDSS tool was used to perform the study of the load flow and to measure the effect of the use of these storage systems in the IEEE 37 bus network. Using energy storage in this application has proved to be advantageous, reducing the losses of active power at the peaks and reducing over-generation during the day, measured as crucial for the future of the distribution. Key words Technical losses, energy storage system, distributed generation, artificial neural network, openDSS
About some Effects of Voltage Harmonics on End User Equipment
Authors: Buzdugan M. ,   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca. Romania
Published: July 2024

The main objective of the paper is to assess the influence of supply voltage harmonics on end user’s equipment. Harmonics represent probably the most important issue of power quality, greatly influencing power flow. In the introductory section, the main definitions of power quality along with the methods of harmonic analysis are addressed, with a special stress on Fourier series and transforms, in a form that takes into account the contribution of the inter and subharmonics. The second section, devoted to experimental results, presents a series of measurements carried out for a setup composed of a programmable source supplying an induction motor, as end user equipment. The motor is supplied successively with three types of voltages, a clean sinusoidal voltage and two distorted ones, namely a 50% clipped voltage and a square voltage, synthesized according their harmonic content, and downloaded to a programmable supply source. The latest two waveforms are not arbitrarily chosen, being often encountered in practice, especially when the equipment is supplied through UPS’s or power converters. The load torque of the motor is adjustable through a controlled electromagnetic powder brake. Concluding, it can be said that distorted supply voltages, having an important harmonics content, highly affect the equipment operation in terms of efficiency. Key words Voltage harmonics, current harmonics, Fourier analysis, waveform synthesis, energy efficiency.
Impact of Short-Circuit Impedance Model for Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generators on Operation of Overcurrent Relays
Authors: Somi L. ,   University of Maribor Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Maribor. Slovenia, Polajzer B. , Stumberger G.
Published: July 2024

This paper discussed different short-circuit impedance models for type 3 and type 4 wind turbine generators. IEC and IEEE-PES models are either simplified or they require additional data. The proposed model is given by a non-linear dependency of the short-circuit impedance and voltage on the medium voltage side of the unit transformer. Furthermore, the proposed model, as well as the constant impedance-based model were used for timing coordination of overcurrent relays in a radial 6-bus network. The obtained results show that the constant impedance-based model overestimates short-circuit currents. Consequently, selectivity of individual overcurrent relays might be questionable. Key words Overcurrent relay, short-circuit calculation, wind turbine generators
Efficiency improvement with intelligent control of induction motor drives
Authors: Mecke R. ,   Department of Automation and Computer Sciences Harz University of Applied Sciences Wernigerode. Germany
Published: July 2024

The energy saving potential of induction motor drives is investigated. Two new aspects are identified, a multilevel frequency inverter and the speed control with variable rotor flux. Multilevel inverters with new wide-bandgap semiconductors for low voltage electrical drives (<1000 V) reduce power semiconductor losses, voltage transients at the motor windings and harmonic losses in the cables. The power semiconductor losses of a two-level and a three-level inverter are compared. At 20 kHz switching frequency the losses of the threelevel inverter are 38 % lower compared to the two-level inverter. Another efficiency improvement potential is the speed control with variable rotor flux instead of commonly used constant flux. The rotor flux for maximum efficiency depends on the actual load and speed of the motor. The optimal rotor flux for maximum motor efficiency can be pre-calculated for each load and speed and implemented as reference value for rotor flux control in the frequency inverter. The maximum efficiency improvement with an 11 kW induction motor at small load reaches 35 % in motor and 45 % in generator operation mode. An increase in efficiency can be reached below 2/3 of rated torque in the whole speed range from 10 to 100 Hz. Key words energy efficiency, multilevel inverter, variable speed drive, vector control, rotor flux
Viability of Distributed Generation with Biogas and Photovoltaic in an Isolated System
Authors: Bernardes Effrain Roney ,   School of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Brazil, Camacho José Roberto
Published: July 2024

In the 1970s, the Brazilian oil crisis sparked interest in researching inexhaustible sources of energy. Within these sources of energy, those known as clean and abundant have become a viable alternative, reducing the pollutant capacity of waste, because the gas emitted by them in the decomposition that would previously go to the environment, is now destined for energy production and solid portion used as organic fertilizer [5]. This work aims to implement a case study to estimate the economic viability of the project, hybrid sources, in rural areas. The project in question will be analysed through software and mathematical methods, guaranteeing results close to those calculated analytically, compared to the energy sources studied as well as their feasibility and profitability through isolated distributed generation, which can bring fast and safe returns, such as a return of 84.37% biogas and 77.76% for photovoltaic compared to the initial investment over 25 years. Currently, Brazil suffers from a shortage of rainfall and consequently, with problems in the energy matrix, since the majority of Brazilian electricity comes from a hydroelectric power plant. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present a solution and consequently self-sufficiency in rural areas, taking advantage of biodigesters and abundant sun to produce electricity. Key words Photovoltaic; Biogas; Biodigester; Distributed generation; Payback
Transient Analysis of Electric Energy Distribution Systems with Distributed Generators during Contingencies
Authors: Rodrigues Faria Wandry ,   Department of Electrical Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo. Brazil, Escobar de Oliveira Marcelo , Villela de Souza Jonas , Wesz da Silva Luis Gustavo , Viajante Ghunter Paulo ,   Núcleo de Pesquisas em Sistemas de Energia - NuPSE Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás - IFG Itumbiara – Goiás. Brazil,   Department of Electrical Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo. Brazil,   Núcleo de Pesquisas em Sistemas de Energia - NuPSE Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás - IFG Itumbiara – Goiás. Brazil,   Núcleo de Pesquisas em Sistemas de Energia - NuPSE Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás - IFG Itumbiara – Goiás. Brazil
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes the static and dynamic impact of the massive insertion of distributed generators into the distribution systems. For this study the IEEE 33-bus test system is represented on the Simulight platform. Three short-circuit situations are simulated. The results obtained in the simulations are compared with the operating ranges described in module 8 of the Electric Power Distribution Procedures in the Brazilian National Electric System. The comparison between the dynamic regimes of the test system with and without distributed generators points out the greater stability sensitivity of the synchronous generators used in industrial cogeneration projects and reaffirms the need to perform contingency simulations to determine the protection parameters of the installed generators. Keywords: Contigencies, Distributed Generation, Electric Power Distribution Systems, Stability Study.
Solar-assisted heat pump coupled to solar hybrid panels
Authors: Martínez-Gracia A. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering. CIRCE Institute., University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza. Spain, Del Amo A. , Torné S. , Bayod-Rújula A. , Uche J. , Usón S. ,   Abora Solar S.L. Advanced solar energy. Spain. La Muela, Zaragoza. Spain,   Ingeniería Torné. Zaragoza. Spain,   Department of Electrical Engineering. CIRCE Institute., University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza. Spain,   Department of Mechanical Engineering. CIRCE Institute., University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza. Spain,   Department of Mechanical Engineering. CIRCE Institute., University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza. Spain
Published: July 2024

A water-water solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) is going to be installed on an academic building at the University of Zaragoza (Spain). It integrates a heat pump heating system with photovoltaics/thermal collectors and seasonal storage. Considerably higher performances than a conventional type airsource heat pump are expected to be reached. This paper shows the simulation of the system performed in trnsys, a graphically based software used to simulate the behaviour of transient systems. The obtained energy and monetary savings are analysed Key words Photovoltaic/thermal hybrid solar modules, Solar assisted heat pump, seasonal storage
AGROTOURISM BUSINESS STRATEGY WITH BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS APPROACH
Authors: Jessyka Jessyka , Dolorosa Eva , Suharyani Anita
Published: July 2024

The rapid development in the world of tourism has become a special attraction for research, especially for agro-tourism businesses with a lot of potential. Therefore, a business model and strategy are needed that are appropriate and suitable for agro-tourism businesses by analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats currently being faced as well as developing a business model that will be implemented in the future based on the business model canvas. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with the research location at the Rekadena agrotourism business, which is located in Jeruju Besar Village, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The variable consist of customer segmnets, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships, and cost structure. The result of the research are segmented consumer segmentation, channels run by agro-tourism in the form of communication, distribution, and direct selling, as well as providing personal assistance and relying on service quality. Rekadena's agro-tourism motivation in establishing partner relations is the acquisition of resources and activities. In addition, the cost structure of rekadena's agro-tourism shows that the biggest cost factor in the company is employee salaries.
Exploring classroom temperature and humidity on students’ emotions through IoT and image processing
Authors: Fretes Gabriela , Llurba Cèlia , Palau Ramon
Published: July 2024

The quality of indoor classroom conditions influences the well-being of its occupants, students and teachers. Especially the temperature, outside acceptable limits, can increase the risk of discomfort, illness, stress behaviors and cognitive processes. Assuming the importance of this. In this quantitative observational study, we investigated the relationship between two environmental variables, temperature and humidity, and students’ basic emotions. Data were collected over four weeks in a secondary school in Spain, with environmental variables recorded every 10 minutes using a monitoring kit installed in the classroom, and students’ emotions categorized using Emotion Recognition Technology (ERT). The results suggest that high recorded temperatures and humidity levels are associated with emotional responses among students. While linear regression models indicate that temperature and humidity may influence students’ emotional experiences in the classroom, the explanatory power of these models may be limited, suggesting that other factors could contribute to the observed variability in emotions. The implications and limitations of these findings for classroom conditions and student emotional well-being are discussed. Recognizing the influence of environmental conditions and monitoring them is a step toward establishing smart classrooms.
Preliminary study: mobile phone as a phonocardiographic signal recorder
Authors: Łuczyński Michał
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility of using a mobile phone with a voice recorder function as a phonocardiographic signal recorder. Test measurements were carried out by placing the phone at various points on the chest. For one selected point, measurements were carried out for a group of 120 people, using different models of mobile phones. Data on weight, height and age were collected through a survey. Participants of the study were also asked about diagnosed heart defects and potential problems related to the measurement. Signal quality was assessed using quality parameters. It was checked how the selected methods of signal pre-processing (editing of recordings, filtering) affect the values of quality parameters. The obtained recordings were subjected to automatic signal classification. The result of this work is an extended analysis of the use of mobile phones as electronic stethoscopes and an analysis of the usefulness of signals obtained using this measurement method. The results of these studies are important for the field of medical diagnostics, especially in situations where access to traditional stethoscopes is limited. If mobile phones prove to be effective recorders of phonocardiographic signals, it will open new possibilities in the field of remote heart monitoring and telemedicine. However, it should be noted that further research, including validation and comparison of results obtained with mobile phones with those obtained with traditional stethoscopes, is needed before this technology is introduced into clinical practice.
(Mis)Gendering bleeding disorders care: A qualitative case study of a trans person with a bleeding disorder
Authors: Fletcher Simon
Published: July 2024

Background

The past two decades have seen an evolving discussion as to the complexities of gender identity, particularly with respect to the healthcare needs of transgender (trans) people. The needs of those with a bleeding disorder are relatively unexplored, and there is, therefore, a significant gap in our understanding of how trans people navigate the complexities of living with and accessing care for their bleeding disorder.

Aims

This paper will seek to address this knowledge gap; telling the story of a trans man with a bleeding disorder and how this has affected their healthcare needs.

Methods

Two semistructured interviews were undertaken with a trans man to explore their lived experiences as someone with a bleeding disorder. The interviews were recorded and thematically analysed.

Results

Four intersecting themes were identified: abnormal uterine bleeding, gender incongruence, the difficulty of obtaining an accurate and timely diagnosis, and health inequality.

Conclusions

The greater visibility of trans issues over the past 20 years has highlighted the culture of healthcare, and in particular, the gendering nature of care. This case study and attendant discussion highlight that there is a need to acknowledge that modern healthcare can be exclusionary leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment, especially in already disadvantaged groups including those with bleeding disorders. Clinicians, therefore, need to re-evaluate their approaches, tailoring the services and care they offer to individuals rather than conforming to gender stereotypes.
Effect of central administration of indomethacin on anandamide-induced GnRH/LH secretion in the hypothalamus of anoestrous ewes
Authors: Tomaszewska-Zaremba Dorota , Tomczyk Monika , Wojtulewicz Karolina , Bochenek Joanna , Pałatyńska Kinga , Herman Andrzej Przemysław
Published: July 2024

Introduction

It is suggested that cannabinoids (CBs) may disturb reproduction through action on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons directly or indirectly through intermediates such as prostaglandins. The study aimed to determine the influence of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine – AEA), alone or with the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin (IND), on GnRH/luteinising hormone (LH) secretion. The purpose of the research was to clarify the role of endocannabinoids and their interaction with prostaglandins in the regulation of reproduction at the level of the hypothalamus and pituitary in anoestrous sheep.

Material and Methods

The study was performed on 24 anoestrous ewes divided into four experimental groups: a control group receiving i.c.v. injection of Ringer–Locke solution, an AEA group that received i.c.v. injection of 30 μM of AEA, an IND group receiving i.c.v. injection of 5 μM of IND and an AEA + IND group that received i.c.v. injections of 30 μM of AEA and 5 μM of IND.

Results

Anandamide stimulated GnRH protein and gene expression in the median eminence and protein expression in the preoptic area without influencing GnRH messenger RNA (mRNA) in this structure. Indomethacin reversed the changes in GnRH secretion after AEA administration. It was also found that AEA stimulated LH mRNA in the pituitary without influencing LH release.

Conclusion

Our results support the role of endogenous cannabinoids in the regulation of reproductive processes at the central nervous system level. They may act directly on the hypothalamic GnRH neurons or indirectly through intermediates such as prostaglandins.
Predicative and Attributive of the Implementation with the “Absence” Core in the and English Languages
Authors: Diachok Natalia , Popkova Oksana
Published: July 2024

The article deals with possibilities to develop formal models for implementing the cognitive structures with the conceptual core “Absence”. The paper is devoted to the analysis of the material obtained from three languages. The objective of the study is to build linguistic predicative and attributive models that implement cognitive structures with the “Absence” core by analyzing factual material of the three proposed languages.
De la urdimbre al píxel
Authors: Marmolejo Cueva Melba Cristina
Published: July 2024

El ser humano siempre ha manifestado su necesidad de comunicarse. Diferentes formas de expresión se construyen paralelamente con las sociedades en el marco de cada contexto con sus características y singularidades. Las representaciones gráficas expuestas en la artesanía suelen ser referentes ideológicos de una comunidad que prevalecen en el tiempo, sin embargo, los espacios, medios y mecanismos integrados al proceso comunicativo se transforman para adaptarse ante el nuevo paradigma proporcionado por la tecnología.
Esta ponencia revela parte de una investigación que pretende identificar la relación entre dos manifestaciones visuales aparentemente divergentes, pero con un componente común: el signo.  Se desarrolla una comparación entre los signos simbólicos de la artesanía Chachi de Ecuador y los signos icónicos en la Interfaz Gráfica de Usuario propuestos por la diseñadora Susan Kare. A través de la mirada de autores como Saussure, Peirce y Verón, es posible comprender (pese a la complejidad del análisis sígnico) que más allá de las estructuras, es el individuo o usuario quien dota de significado y función al signo para extrapolarse a otros espacios de intervención. 
Se invita a la reflexión sobre la relación sígnica como alternativa para desarrollar propuestas de comunicación claras y adaptables al modelo de interacción contemporáneo.
Herencias de la modernidad
Authors: Souyris Oportot Lorena
Published: July 2024

Este artículo intenta mostrar cómo el examen de un supuesto pensamiento del otro, en la filosofía contemporánea, presenta no sólo su propia posición ante la polémica de la identidad, sino que también implica una discusión con el pensamiento moderno, en particular en lo que se refiere al lugar e implicancias de la noción de sujeto y su relación con la mismidad. El objetivo, es hacer un análisis y una exposición sobre Hegel y sobre algunos filósofos modernos en relación al cogito y la formación de la conciencia. Aquello, permitirá iluminar los términos en los que se plantea lo (im)pensado del otro en dialogo con la tradición; así como las aún herencias de la modernidad respecto a lo Uno y lo Otro. En primer lugar, se desarrollarán algunas cuestiones respecto a la filosofía del sujeto desarrollada por Hegel, así como el estatuto del cogito en relación a la subjetividad moderna. En segundo lugar, se tomará el tema de lo (im)pensado a través de lo que plantea Michel Foucault en su texto “Las palabras y las cosas”. Finalmente, se ofrecerá, a partir de una articulación entre lo (im)pensado y el sujeto lacaniano, la formulación de lo que significa la herencia moderna en relación con el otro (im)pensado.
La administración sociopolítica del barrio “crítico”
Authors: Durán Andres
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo constituye una reflexión teórico-política acerca de las estrategias de “regeneración urbana” desarrolladas por el Estado de Chile en las últimas décadas, con el propósito de mitigar problemas de convivencia, seguridad y violencia, identificados en barrios que han sido calificados como “desorganizados”, “vulnerables” y “críticos”. En particular, el texto recoge el planteamiento de Michel Foucault sobre la “gubernamentalidad” y el de Didier Fassin sobre la “economía de los sentimientos morales”, para desde ahí examinar de qué modo y en qué sentido las iniciativas del Estado sobre los sectores populares hacen funcionar una determinada administración sobre la pobreza. Al final del texto se propone una lectura problematizadora de las iniciativas de intervención territorial, evidenciando que una focalización en la cuestión del barrio ha implicado una desatención de las condiciones estructurales de desigualdad e injusticias que operan como fuentes de los conflictos locales que vivencian los habitantes.
Uterine Arterivenous Malformation
Authors: Yulson M.Luthfi , Mondale Sahputra
Published: July 2024

Background : Arteriovenous malformations of the uterus are rare and cause sudden, massive vaginal bleeding.  Although rare, arteriovenous malformations can occur after a cesarean section. Patients  with uterine  arteriovenous malformations commonly manifest vaginal bleeding disorders, ranging from menorrhagia to life-threatening bleeding episodes. Management of AVM is by medication, embolization and surgery depending on the patient's condition.
Case : Here we report the case of a 28 year old patient with a diagnosis of Late HPP ec Susp. AVM uteruson P4A0L4 post LSCS + moderate anemia. The patient had a history of caesarean section 2 weeks ago, and the patient was admitted for recurrent bleeding.
Discussion : Diagnostic examination found an AVM on surgical scars on the uterus and performed angiography and embolization.The diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformation should be considered in patients with secondary postpartum hemorrhage
Conclusion : Uterine arteriovenous malformation is a life-threatening disorder because it presents withcomplaints of painless bleeding. This case report reported a patient with uterinearteriovenous malformation which was established through clinical findings and supportingexaminations and ruled out other possible causes of postpartum hemorrhage.
Two Sides of a Coin: On Whose Side is God?
Authors: Senokoane B B
Published: July 2024

The phrase “Two Sides of a Coin” in the title should be understood as meaning that there are different ways of looking at a thing or dealing with a situation and that they could be both positive and negative. South African history and reality is without a doubt divided into two halves, namely black and white. This history gave birth to ideologies and theologies arguing that God belonged to—and was loyal to—a particular race. For most whites, specifically most Afrikaners, God was always with them in their struggle against the British Empire and blacks. Likewise, for blacks, God was also with them in their struggle against white oppression. The phrase “Two Sides of a Coin” expresses these two points of view that are based on the same subjects or sources, namely God, Christ, and Christianity, although they end up with two different conclusions and I must declare that I am a black theologian who subscribes to the view that “God is on the side of the poor.” The sub-heading “On Whose Side is God” explains that the article interrogates the claim that God is “a God of sides.” The conclusion shows that God is not necessarily located on a particular side but is a God who is already standing at a particular position which naturally is the side of the oppressed and the side of righteousness. The article is divided into four sections: the first section concentrates on the Afrikaners’ belief that God is on their side. The second section concentrates on the white (non-Afrikaner) response to this belief. The third section looks at the black critique of nationalism and apartheid theology. The fourth section expresses the view that God is for all but stands on the side of righteousness.
“Africans and Christians”: Transitioning from Missionary-Guided to a Self-Determining Local Church
Authors: Iheanacho Valentine Ugochukwu
Published: July 2024

Pope Paul VI (1963–1978), in his homily on 31 July 1969 at the closing Mass of his pastoral visit in Kampala (Uganda), told the gathered faithful that his main mission was to foster what they already were: “Africans and Christians.” Lurking behind that papal assertion was the fear that Christianity might fade away in sub-Saharan Africa after attaining political independence. That fear came close to becoming a reality in Guinea when Sékou Touré, the country’s post-independent president, experimented with Marxist ideology by expelling foreign missionaries and even imprisoned the first Guinean-born bishop. As it turned out, the Guinean experiment became one of the few rare exceptions. The post-missionary Catholic Church in Africa is believed to have started its trajectory of growth and transition in the 1970s. In terms of a continent-wide consciousness as a local church, the 1974 Synod of Bishops in Rome allowed African bishops to come together to assess the situation of their local church and its post-missionary future. Their continental body, the Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (SECAM), gave them the platform to speak in unison. Using the historical narrative approach, this research demonstrates the historical/transitional curves of Catholicism in sub-Saharan Africa in the last fifty years. Its point of reference is the 1974 Synod in Rome, whose fiftieth anniversary of convocation is in October 2024.
Gender Orthogonality as a Queer-feminist Framework for Understanding Male-male Rape and Carceral Sexual Violence
Authors: Currier Ashley , Bergholtz Anna , Halal Imane
Published: July 2024

Much contemporary feminist theorising about sexual violence relies on heteronormative, gender-dichotomised thinking. One outcome of heteronormative framings of sexual violence is the sidelining of certain people (including transgender, nonbinary, and genderqueer people, and cisgender men) from sexual victimisation frameworks. After identifying limitations of heteronormative, gender-dichotomised, feminist approaches to sexual violence, we propose a queer-feminist, gender-orthogonal framework that provides a more robust understanding of male-male rape and carceral sexual violence. We draw on examples from southern African prisons, including from Malawi, Namibia, and South Africa, to substantiate this perspective.
The Realisation of Indigent Widows’ Right to Social Security in South Africa: Pitfalls and Opportunities
Authors: Mokoena Untalimile Crystal , Jegede Ademola Oluborode
Published: July 2024

Despite the provision of the apex law of South Africa that everyone has the right to access to social security and social assistance, if they cannot provide for themselves, indigent widows are not enjoying their constitutional right. A legislative gap exists in the Social Assistance Act, as the enabling legislation makes it difficult for indigent widows to enjoy social assistance. There is scant literature on the subject of widows in general and the said few writings are on the sufferings faced by this cohort. However, there is a dearth of literature on how social assistance may be extended to cover indigent widows. Using the doctrinal research method as well as relying on the feminist approach to the human rights theory, this article examines the need to realise indigent widows’ right to social security. It further advances possible solutions that could help safeguard the social security rights of destitute widows in South Africa. Recommendations are given on how indigent widows may be included in the social security legislation.
Support Strategies Life Orientation Teachers Use to Enhance High School to Tertiary Education Transition
Authors: Modiba Matabe Rosa , Eloff Irma , Mathabathe Kgadi
Published: July 2024

The transition from high school to tertiary education is reported to be a challenging journey for learners. In the South African context, teachers who are appointed to teach Life Orientation (LO) as a fundamental and compulsory subject are closest to the task of supporting learners in the move towards accessing tertiary education. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the support strategies LO teachers use to enhance high school to tertiary education transition. A qualitative phenomenological research methodology was used. The study was conducted in four high schools around the Ngaka-Modiri Molema district in the North West province of South Africa. Four LO teachers were purposively selected to generate data through semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic data analysis. The findings indicate that support strategies utilised by LO teachers are predominantly informational, and include assisting prospective students with online applications, providing information about career options, funding and pass requirements, providing guidance and motivation, and coordinating career guidance and career information-sharing activities. This study recommends that LO teachers engage in refresher training and proactive engagements with tertiary institutions aimed at supporting prospective learners with up-to-date information to enhance their transition from high school to tertiary institutions, as well as assist LO teachers with information and knowledge to provide holistic support to learners.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Strategy for Job Creation in the Era of Unemployment Crises: A Qualitative Study of Kamhlushwa Township, Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Mseleku Zethembe , Mashele Mbongeni
Published: July 2024

Unemployment is a devastating development challenge in South Africa. In an attempt to address unemployment, the South African government supports diverse economic growth strategies, one of which is the small and medium enterprise (SME) strategy. While the role of SMEs in economic growth is increasingly recognised, there is no conclusive evidence on the contribution of SMEs towards job creation in townships. This article analyses the contribution of SMEs towards job creation in Kamhlushwa township. Ten face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with SME owners in Kamhlushwa township to elicit data. The results indicate that the SMEs’ contribution to job creation varies across sectors, with the agricultural sector making the largest contribution. The results also indicate that there are factors enabling SMEs to create jobs, which include the availability of resources, high demand for products or services, and quality of infrastructural development. Conversely, the results demonstrate that there are factors impeding the SMEs from creating jobs, which include a lack of resources, poor municipal service delivery, and cost of distribution and transportation. This study recommends more government support targeting township SMEs to enhance their contribution to job creation.
Understanding the Perceptions of IsiXhosa-Speaking Caregivers on Disclosing Child Sexual Abuse in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Pretorius Eunice , Boshoff Pieter
Published: July 2024

The disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major concern in South Africa. Previous research has emphasised the need to consider cultural norms, beliefs, religion, race and gender-specific characteristics when researching CSA disclosure. This study sought to explore the perceptions of isiXhosa-speaking caregivers in Kayamandi, Western Cape, South Africa, about the disclosure of CSA. A qualitative exploratory approach was used to select 10 caregivers using purposive and snowball sampling strategies. The data was collected by conducting individual face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. The data collected was carefully recorded and categorised. Four key themes emerged, namely: IsiXhosa-speaking caregivers’ understanding of CSA; contributing factors for CSA; contrasting expectations and behaviour in caregiver disclosure of CSA; and actions and interventions to encourage disclosure of CSA to authorities. Data analysis demonstrated a complex interplay of personal, contextual and behavioural elements that influence the perceptions of isiXhosa-speaking caregivers. It is recommended that inclusive interventions be implemented to improve caregivers’ responses to the disclosure of CSA while prioritising cultural sensitivities, thus creating a supportive environment conducive to intervention and prevention.
Exploring Trauma-Related Social Work Practice in a Resource-Limited Context: Insights from Social Workers in the Waterberg District, South Africa
Authors: Erlank Elca , Bopape Rhulani Sherlock
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study explored the challenges faced by social workers delivering trauma-related services (TRS) in the resource-limited Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa. Using a phenomenological design guided by the ecosystem and trauma-informed perspectives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experienced social workers. Data analysis followed Tesch’s eight steps, with data verification per Lincoln and Guba’s model. The findings highlighted the need for trauma-informed organisational structures and workforce support in the Waterberg District, advocating for integrating trauma-informed principles into policies and procedures to enhance professional effectiveness and capacity for service delivery to trauma victims. The findings further underscored the urgent necessity for improved training and education for social workers to tackle issues related to trauma adeptly.
Atypical progress of tuberculosis in the peripartum period: Report of a paradoxical reaction
Authors: Sharma Jyotsna , Dorairajan Gowri
Published: July 2024

Central nervous system involvement is noted in approximately 1% of all Tuberculosis (TB) cases. Worsening of pre-existing tubercular lesions following antitubercular treatment in the absence of disease relapse or any other diagnosis is called a paradoxical reaction. We detail an atypical evolution of TB in a pregnant woman. We report the case of a woman admitted with respiratory symptoms at 35 weeks of Pregnancy. She had a spontaneous onset of labor within 48 hours and delivered a 1.6 kg live baby. Investigations confirmed pulmonary TB. She was started on antituberculosis treatment. Post-partum, she developed persistent headaches, and the imaging confirmed tuberculoma in the left inferior frontal gyrus with leptomeningeal enhancement. She was started on steroids. She was readmitted after two weeks due to a new onset holocranial headache, and MRI detected a new large tuberculoma in the temporal region hence, a diagnosis of Pleuropulmonary with Extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a Paradoxical reaction was made. Anti-edema measures were added, and the patient was managed in hospital for another 2 weeks. The case details and the possibility of flare due to puerperium and steroids are discussed. In pregnant women with active TB disease, complications of perinatal death, preterm birth, acute fetal distress, and low birth weight are increased. The risks of untreated active disease in a pregnant woman are higher than the risks of its treatment. A high index of suspicion, avoiding overcrowding, proper nutrition, timely and appropriate initiation of treatment may have a favorable pregnancy outcome.
An insight into the heatstroke in Northern India: Clinico-pathological observation and outcomes from a tertiary care center
Authors: Pursnani Nikhil , Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Doneria Jitendra Kumar , Agrawal Prabhat , Gautam Ashish
Published: July 2024

Objectives

To observe the clinical presentation, pathological changes, and outcomes of heatstroke at a tertiary care center.

Material and Methods

Patients presented with an axillary temperature above 104°F to the casualty during summers in the months of April and May 2022 were screened. After excluding the other causes of fever and based on history, patients were diagnosed as suffering from heatstroke. After taking valid consent, treatment was initiated, and all observations were taken. Clinical presentation, demographic data, vitals, and investigations (hemogram, renal function, liver function, CPK, IL6, CRP, and random glucose levels) were recorded, diagnosed, and enrolled for observation. Chi-Square test for 2 x 2 contingency table used to identify the association between CPK and muscle cramps. The T-test for 2 Independent Means and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient test were used for analyzing other data.

Results

For the study, 112 patients were enrolled and classified as per severity: 80 were pre heatstroke, 22 were mild heatstroke, and 10 were severe heatstroke. Age above 50 years is associated with severe forms of disease and poor outcomes. Out of 112, 28 (25%) participants were 50 years or above age. Nine (32.1%) out of these 28 developed pre-heatstroke, and 19 (67.8%) developed mild to severe heatstroke. Creatinine kinase was raised in 17 out of 112 (15.1%) participants, but the proportion of participants having raised CPK does not differ by the presence of myalgia. IL6 was also found to be elevated and related directly to the severity of the disease in this study.

Conclusion

Heatstroke is a common disease that occurs due to working on farms during the summer. Old age is more prone to severe disease and poor outcomes. Raised IL6 also correlates directly with disease severity.
MULTI-AGENT MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR AN UNMANNED SNOWMOBILE TRANSPORT PLATFORM ADDRESSING PRACTICAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Искандеров Ю.М. , Андрианов Д.Ю. , Андрианов Ю.С.
Published: July 2024

В данной работе представлена мультиагентная модель управления беспилотной снегоходной транспортной платформой при решении практических задач. Для решения практических задач управления беспилотной снегоходной транспортной платформой рассмотрена модель интеллектуального программного агента со множеством информационных атрибутов (коммуникационная модель, поведенческая модель и др). Сформированы классы задач при управлении беспилотной снегоходной транспортной платформой и мультиагентная инфраструктура системы управления. Представлена база знаний системы управления транспортной платформой. Определены эффективные средства реализации предложенного подхода к созданию системы управления беспилотной снегоходной транспортной платформой на основе мультиагентных инфраструктур, обеспечивающих адаптацию инструментальных средств к изменяющимся условиям функционирования транспортной платформы. Показаны роль, место и перспективы использования новых информационных технологий в создании систем управления транспортных систем различного назначения. Сформулированы выводы и практические рекомендации по значительному уменьшению затрат на сетевое взаимодействие, сокращение времени решения задач и другого функционала транспортной беспилотной платформы.

The paper introduces a multi-agent model for controlling an unmanned snowmobile transport platform when addressing practical challenges. For this purpose the authors have examined the model of an intelligent software agent with a set of information attributes (communication model, behavioral model, etc.). The paper also considers the groups of problems arising when controlling the unmanned snowmobile transport platform and multi-agent infrastructure of the control system. The knowledge base of the transport platform management system is provided. The authors also analyse the effective means of implementing the proposed approach in developing the control system for an unmanned snowmobile transport platform based on multi agent infrastructures that ensure the adaptation of the tools to the changing conditions of operation of the transport platform. The role of new information technologies in developing transport control systems for various purposes has been emphasised. The authors propose ways to ensure cost-effectiveness of network interaction and to reduce the time necessary to solve problems and analyze other functions of the transport unmanned platform.