bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compatibility Test for Screening Surfactant Flooding
Authors: Dhafa M , Setiati R , Malinda M T , Anugrahadi A
Published: July 2021

Surfactant flooding is one of the methods used in Enhanced Oil Recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of a reservoir to the surfactant injection that will be carried out in that reservoir. Surfactants are used as a method to increase oil recovery because they are able to reduce the surface tension between the injecting fluid and the oil. Before selecting the surfactant material to be used, screening criteria must be done between the reservoir data and the surfactant. Reservoir data must match the requirements required for surfactant injection. After screening criteria, the next step is to test the compatibility of the surfactant fluid to the reservoir fluid. At this stage, it consists of a compatibility test, interfacial tension (IFT) test, and phase behavior test with the middle phase emulsion. Laboratory screening tests using test tubes, ovens and spinning drop. The fluids tested include the types of surfactants and crude samples. From the observations in this study, there are several results that can guide surfactant screening. Compatible surfactants are surfactants that clearly, form a middle phase emulsion and low IFT values. By conducting screening criteria, it can be concluded that the suitability of the reservoir represented by the crude oil sample against the surfactant that will be applied as the injection fluid.
Effect of Improvement of Temperature and Gas Amount on Nitrogen Flooding
Authors: Malinda M T , Setiati R , Azizi M A , Simbolon Y F
Published: July 2021

Oil and natural gas are energy resources with high demand, so it is very important to implement enhanced oil recovery technology in old fields to obtain optimum oil production. The enhanced oil recovery technology that will be discussed on this occasion is more specifically related to the gas flooding method, namely nitrogen flooding. Nitrogen flooding is currently used more often as an alternative to CO2 flooding. However, the limitation of this method is that it is only effective when used in a field with a high depth, because it requires a constant high pressure and temperature so that this gas can dissolve into the reservoir fluid. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth study of the nitrogen flooding method, so that its application can get optimal, efficient, and economical results. The results of laboratory research were carried out to study the displacement of crude oil using the high pressure nitrogen injection method. It aims to study the effect of temperature and GOR on crude oil recovery and the solubility process in high pressure nitrogen injection. In addition, the effectiveness of nitrogen injection after water flooding, and the effect of propane slug driven by nitrogen injection were also analyzed. There are nine types of experiments carried out using crude oil 42.3° API which is recombined with natural gas. This experiment used two temperatures, 70° F and 120° F, and three GORs, namely 575 scf/stb, 400 scf/stb, and 200 scf/stb. The reservoir model used was a stainless steel tube 125 feet long and 0.435 inches in diameter, packed with consolidated sand to provide an average permeability of 910 mD. The recovery factor in nitrogen injection is influenced by the gas content in the system. If the gas content is high, then nitrogen injection will result in a higher oil recovery compared to conditions where the gas content is low.
Drill Holes Spacing Analysis for Estimation and Classification of Coal Resources Based on Variogram and Kriging
Authors: Ramadhan M D , Marwanza I , Nas C , Azizi M A , Dahani W , Kurniawati R
Published: July 2021

In detailed exploration, it is necessary to analyze optimal drill hole distance. Drill hole spacing analysis results in optimal drill hole spacing on each coal seam for the coal resources classification. Based on a case study in one of the coal mining companies in North Bengkulu, four coal seams have continuous seams and there is splitting from one seam to four seams. The sediment model generally has a direction of distribution of coal seams trending from northeast to southwest with gentle dip. This research uses geostatistical methods to determine the thickness distribution and variation of coal in the study area and to estimate and classify coal resources and determine the optimal distance from the borehole spacing. Estimation using kriging block results in the value of kriging relative error. Coal resource estimates and variability are determined based on kriging estimation with the relative kriging standard deviation (RKSD) method and the polygon method for classification based on sill distances. The number of drill holes used was 57 drill holes. Based on the calculation of the sill variogram, the coal measured resource is 150 meters, the coal indicated resource is 250 meters and the coal inferred resource is 500 meters. Based on the estimation and classification with relative kriging standard deviation (RKSD), the total coal measured resource is 1.8 million tons, the coal indicated resource is 3.2 million tons and the coal inferred resource is 2.5 million tons with total coal resources.
Illegal artisanal and small-scale mining practices: re-thinking the harm
Authors: Agustina Putu P. S. , Herdiansyah Herdis , Harahap Anggi A.
Published: July 2021

Illegal and small-scale mining that occurs is often only seen as legal practices. Consequently, the government’s response towards it is more repressive ways, even negligent. This paper suggests another perspective in understanding these practices, especially in questioning who or what has been harmed, how and why it happened this way. Findings found that the concept of environment, including environmental damage, is a social construction that can be selected and filtered by the public, to determine which ones will be raised and become an important issue in the public. Although the detrimental effects of illegal mining are evident both socially and environmentally, there are social processes (interpretation and contestation) involved in determining the definition, scale, impact, and risk. Talking about why to this day illegal mining cases still occur and tend to be ignored is because basically the definition of environmental harm is a matter of social construction and is openly interpreted and contested by the definition.
MRT as an Alternative Transportation Solution which is environmentally friendly and traffic jam free in Jakarta
Authors: Ratnawati Elfrida
Published: July 2021

The ease, the existence of vacancies, Development of area, reducing pollution, and investment in Indonesia are some the benefits of the presence of Jakarta MRT in Indonesia. What is the role of MRT operations as a solution to traffic jam and air pollution in Jakarta? How does the presence of the MRT affect for the Jakarta citizens? And Is the MRT operating arrangement same as the train? The things mentioned above are the problems in this writing. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of MRT operations as a solution to traffic jam, air pollution and the influence of the existence of the MRT to the Jakarta citizens in using public transportation. The research used is Normative with secondary data supported by primary data and analyzed descriptively through a qualitative approach. The role of the operation of the Jakarta MRT is very supportive in reducing air pollution. Its speed, capacity to accommodate a large number of passengers and reduce pollution are the role of the MRT as a solution offered by the government to reduce problems in Jakarta, namely traffic jam and air pollution. MRT is the same as the Train, which is the mode of land transportation but has a different legal basis, passenger capacity and operation.
Fish diversity monitoring in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra using the eDNA with the next generation sequencing (NGS) technique
Authors: Roesma D I , Tjong D H , Janra M N , Aidil D R
Published: July 2021

Various phenomena in nature and human activities have resulted in the loss of biodiversity, such as freshwater fish in Maninjau lake, West Sumatra, which has declined from year to year. A new method to monitor biodiversity quickly and efficiently is the NGS technique on environment DNA (eDNA). The study aimed to know the NGS technique’s ability and effectiveness to detect multiple species at one time from the water samples of Maninjau Lake. Water was taken from the surface as much as one L with two replications. The sequencing was used to identify species as shotgun metagenomic with universal primers. The results showed that 92 individuals were identified with 56 species from 24 genera, 16 families, and 12 orders. As much as 25% of fishes still cannot be grouped into the valid taxa (unclassified), which is allegedly related to the lack of available information database (NCBI) compared to the sequences obtained. NGS on the eDNA method detected two families (Cyprinidae and Cichlidae), three genera (Oreochromis, Cyprinus, and Xiphophorus), and two species of fish (Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio) in Maninjau Lake, which were also previously reported using the conventional method. The native species were not detected in Maninjau lake by the eDNA method allegedly due to not being captured DNA from the collected water samples or the low DNA concentration, which cannot be continued to the PCR process. Thus, several efforts are needed to reduce the limitations in monitoring using the eDNA method to obtain the maximal results. The eDNA method can be a useful tool for monitoring biodiversity. The result can determine the conservation strategies, especially for the fishes in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra.
Quality of Fermented Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas var. Ayamurasaki) (Tapai) in Various Yeast Concentration and Steaming Time
Authors: Azara R , Qur’aini L , Saidi I A , Hudi L , Nurbaya S R , Budiandari R U
Published: July 2021

The aim of this work is to study the effect of yeast concentration and steaming time on the characteristics of fermented purple sweet potato (tapai). Experiment was conducted on completely randomized factorial design, with two treatments, namely yeast concentration (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) and steaming time (20 minutes, 30 minutes and 40 minutes). The measuring parameters was consisted physical properties (texture and color) and chemical proprerties (reducing sugar, ethanol content, total lactic acid, pH, and moisture content). The result show that yeast concentration treatment had a very significant effect on texture, total lactic acid, and pH. Steaming time had a very significant effect on texture, pH, and significantly affected the total lactic acid. In conclusions, the best treatment is obtained from the treatment of steaming time 30 minutes with 0.75 % yeast.
The investigation of IL-1β and oxytocin levels among teenager with primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Mukhoirotin  , Kurniawati  , Fatmawati Diah Ayu
Published: July 2021

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of gynecological problems and it commonly occurred among adolescents and reproductive age women during menstruation with some complaints such as pain, cramps and back pain. In primary dysmenorrhea there is an increase of PGF2α levels, vasopressin (VAP), Oxytocin (OT), IL-6 and IL-1β level. The aim of this study was assessed the differences of IL-1β levels and oxytocin among adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea and without primary dysmenorrhea. The research design in this study used Case Control. The population of this study were all students of Health Science Faculty, Unipdu Jombang. The sample of this study was 16 respondents, and they were divided into 2 groups: the case group (n = 8) and the control group (n = 8) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling method used Purposive Sampling technique. The measurement of IL-1β and Oxytocin levels used ELISA method. The data were analyzed by using Independent Sample T-Test with α ≤ 0.05. The results of this study showed that an average level of IL-1β in case group was 23.830 pg/ml, in control group was 14.715 pg/ml; the average OT levels in case group was 384.662 pg/ml, the control group was 353.262 pg/ml. Independent Sample T-Test showed that there was a significant differences of IL-1β and oxytocin level between case group and control group (p<0.05). IL-1β and Oxytocin (OT) Levels among adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea were higher than adolescents who menstruate without primary dysmenorrhea.
The Effects of Pineapple Extract Toothpaste (Ananas comosus L.Merr) on Saliva Flow Rate
Authors: Minarni  , Susi  , Murniwati
Published: July 2021

Women in the menopause period experience biological changes, decreased production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone resulting in xerostomia (dry mouth). Dry mouth treatment can be carried out using mechanical and chemical stimuli. Citric acid stimulation is one way to increase the flow rate of saliva. Pineapple contains a high amount of citric acid. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of toothpaste with pineapple extract, which increasing salivary flow rate in women in menopause period at the Integrated Health Center (Posyandu) for elderly in Baso Health Center. This type of experimental research using pretest-posttest control group design and the sample selection was taken by simple random sampling with a lottery technique. The number of samples was 32 people who were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and the control group. Saliva was collected before and after treatment into the saliva pot for 5 minutes using the spitting method. Data analysis using paired T test and unpaired T test. The results showed that there was an increase in salivary flow rate with the use of pineapple extract toothpaste 50% of 1.651 ml/minute and with fluoride toothpaste. 1,170 ml/minute. There is an effect of brushing teeth with pineapple extract toothpaste on the salivary flow rate with a significance value of p = 0.000 <0.05. Pineapple extract toothpaste can be used as an alternative treatment for xerostomia for women in menopause period.
Vegetation structure and species composition of habitat types Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. and Thomson in Lowland Forest, Kuningan Regency, West Java
Authors: Adhya Ilham , Hendrayana Yayan , Supartono Toto , Ismail Agus Yadi , Nurdin
Published: July 2021

Goniothalamus macrophyllus is a forest product that grows in lowland forests and has the potential as a medicinal plant that has not been fully utilized. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetation structure and species composition in the area where Goniothalamus macrophyllus grows naturally. Determination of the research location using purposive sampling method. Furthermore, the sampling method in this study was encounter -sampling. in the lowland forests of Kuningan Regency, West Java. Goniothalamus macrophyllus was found at an altitude of 432 - 1,273 m above sea level, with a stand composition of 108 species of seedling plants, 125 species of saplings, 98 species of poles and 105 species of trees. The highest dominance at seedling level is Coffea spp, sapling level is Decapermum paniculatum, pole level is Villebrunea rubenscens, and tree level is Villebrunea rubenscens.
Siam Madu citrus seeding in supporting the development of Sumatra citrus zone
Authors: Marpaung Imelda S , Sembiring Perdinanta , Girsang Moral A , Purba Tommy
Published: July 2021

The purposes of this study were to identify the potency of citrus farming and to recommend citrus seeding development policy in North Sumatra Province. The method used in this study was desk study, and secondary data was analyzing descriptively. Citrus seeding is one of the keys to the success of citrus farming. North Sumatra Province is one of the centers for citrus development in Indonesia. The seed is one of the keys to the success of farming. Currently, citrus development in North Sumatra is still constrained by the availability of seeds. Only a few proportions of the seeds that are currently used by farmers were from local breeders and usually carried out if there was a government program. The shortage of citrus seeds came from outside of North Sumatra Province as the Bangkinang citrus variety which is parent stock source was not guaranteed. One of the citrus types in North Sumatra Province is called ‘siam madu’ citrus. The opportunity for siam madu citrus seeding development was feasible, considering that siam madu citrus was very popular for citrus farmers.
Characterization of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) levels some fermented food in Indonesia
Authors: Herawati Heny , Afifah Diana Nur , Kusumanigtyas Eni , Usmiati Sri , Soemantri Agus S. , Miskiyah  , Kamsiati Elmi , Bachtiar Muchamad
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has a huge wealth of local fermented products. These local food products have the potential to be developed into functional food that has added value and can contribute to public health in order to prevent disease. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a prospective amino acid component that is widely found in fermented products from local food. GABA is alleged to have the functional capacity to build the immune system, improve the respiratory system, benefit diabetics, improve brain performance, prevent cancer and tumors and other health effects. The purpose of this research activity is to characterize the levels of GABA in several commercial fermented foods in Indonesia. The methodology used in this research is to identify and characterize commercial fermented food and to analyze the proximate levels and levels of GABA contained therein. The analysis was carried out using the spectrophotometric method. Based on the analysis results, several commercial fermented foods in Indonesia contain varying levels of GABA. The increased use of MSG increases the GABA levels to a certain level. This research deserves to be further researched and developed in relation to the optimization of the extraction process and the implementation of the use of other additives to increase GABA levels.
In silico development of new candidate of NADPH oxidase inhibitor for hypertension treatment
Authors: Laksono Agung Budi , Kusumawati Ratna , Suselo Yuliana Heri , Indarto Dono
Published: July 2021

Hypertension is a silent killer that becomes the important risk factor for stroke and ischemic heart disease. Oxidative stress which results from high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the endothelial layer, contributes to hypertension pathophysiology. The high activity of NADPH oxidase is the main ROS source. Many medicinal plants have been developed to treat some human diseases. This study aimed to explore virtually Indonesian phytochemicals as a NADPH oxidase inhibitor for hypertension treatment. This bioinformatics study used a molecular docking method with P47-phox protein and apocynin as protein target and standard ligand respectively, which were obtained from Protein Data Bank and ZINC databases with 1NG2 and 0162515 codes. Indonesian phytochemicals were obtained from the HerbalIBD, had molecular structure from the PubChem database, and met the Lipinski’s criteria. The AutoDock Vina version 1.1.2 was used to analyse the binding affinity and sites and the PyMol 1.3 program was for visualization of molecular docking results. Apocynin interacted with P47-phox with -5.5 kcal/mol binding score and binding at Asp221, Arg302, Arg316 residues to prevent NADPH activation. Compared to apocynin, morindone had lower binding score (-7.7 kcal/mol) to bind to P47-phox and had similar binding sites at Arg 302, Arg 316, and Arg 318 residues. In conclusion, morindone potentially becomes a NADPH oxidase inhibitor in silico for hypertension treatment.
Iron supplement for anemia developed from home industry waste of snake fruit Pondoh (Snake fruit edulis Reinw.)
Authors: Natasia K , Indarto D , Wasita B , Melati D , Ristanti I K
Published: July 2021

Anemia due to iron deficiency in young girls and pregnant women remains a nutritional health problem in Indonesia. They take iron tablet/day to improve their iron status but it sometimes has some side effects. In Sleman Regency, snake fruits Pondoh are used to make various processed foods but some home food industries leave snake fruit seeds as industrial waste. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extract gradually seeds of snake fruits Pondoh for development of anemia iron supplement. In this explorative study, we collected seeds of snake fruits Pondoh from a home food industry in Turi district, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. In brief, we made simplicia of snake fruit seeds in several steps from washing, selecting, drying, cutting in small pieces, grinding to separating with 100 mesh sieve. After that, the simplicia was extracted using tetrahydrofuran, methanol, acetic acid, hexane and or ethyl acetate reagents to separate lipid, water and organic fractions, which were then dried using a vacuum evaporator. Dried fractions of snake fruit seeds (SFS) were finally measured using the inductively coupled plasma or atomic absorption spectroscopy method for iron levels and using ferric chloride for tannin content. From two different methods of making simplicial, we got 26.88 and 22.82% (weigh/weight) iron levels while ethyl acetate SFS fraction had higher iron levels (2.65% w/v) than lipid and water fractions (1.62 and 1.88% respectively). In addition, there was only the water fraction that contained tannin. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of SFS Pondoh may be useful for development of anemia iron supplement.
Variations in the incubation time of the Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp and Escherichia coli cultures on the results of the gram stain visualization
Authors: Prayekti Endah , Sumarsono Thomas
Published: July 2021

Gram staining is a routine procedure performed in microbiology laboratories. Gram staining of bacteria was used to obtain data on the shape and group of gram bacteria. The results of gram staining can give confusing results so that the next process will be invalid. Several things were found in the laboratory, pure culture staining that should show gram-positive, but the results showed gram-negative or the presence of a mixture of gram-positive and negative in one field of view. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of incubation time on the results of gram bacteria staining. This research is an experimental study using pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, and Escherichia coli at 16, 18, 20, 24, and 26 hours of culture. The parameter observed was the color that was shown after gram staining at each bacterial culture age. The data obtained is qualitative data which is then processed into quantitative and then statistically analyzed. Statistical results using kruskall walis showed a significant difference between treatment groups based on incubation time. The results of the most uniform gram staining visualization were found at the incubation time of 16 and 18 hours.
Innovation development information system for sales of traditional food processed product web based in the Cibinuang Village
Authors: Sugiharto Tito , Irwansyah Mohammad , Ajiziyah Sepphirotul , Heryanto Widi , Hidayat Syarif
Published: July 2021

This research aims to produce a web-based information system for the sale of traditional food products in Cibinuang Village. The research target to be achieved is the existence of a web-based sales information system that can be used to carry out promotional activities, sales and transactions. This information system for the sale of traditional food products was created to be implemented in Cibinuang Village to help people increase sales and increase their economic benefits. This research discusses how the process of designing, creating and developing an information system for the sale of traditional food products. The absence of an information system for the sale of traditional food products in Cibinuang Village is a serious problem that must be addressed. The people of Cibinuang Village find it difficult to increase sales of processed traditional food products during the Covid 19 pandemic. The methodology used in this research is the Rational Unified Process (RUP). The testing process is carried out using the Black Box Testing and the User Acceptance Test. Therefore, to solve this problem, we need an innovation in the sale of web-based traditional food products. It is hoped that the web-based information system for selling traditional food products in Cibinuang Village can help increase sales and the community’s economic benefits.
Forest Land Management System and Effect on The Presence Of Birds at Nusa Laut Island
Authors: Tjoa M , Latumahina Fransina
Published: July 2021

Management of forest land by the community is generally to meet the needs of life, but on the other hand forest land also provides benefits for birds as a habitat for various activities and for the survival of these birds. This study aimed to determine how the effect of forest land management systems by the community on the existence of birds. The research approach used was field surveys and interviews with land management communities. The results showed that the Ameth community land management system was divided into land use to make gardens indicated by types of food plants (vegetables and tubers) and use to make dusung indicated by longevity plant species (nutmeg, cloves, coconut, etc.). The community found 10 identified species of birds when managing land. Then, based on the result of the study, 26 species were found in a sample location of 5 hectares. Although the birds do not get the attention of the community, there are community anticipatory actions to anticipate the occurrence of conditions and efforts to protect the garden and dusung from damage to plants by birds.
Waste management model at Bugel Village – Kulonprogo District, Yogyakarta Special Province
Authors: Agung Nugroho Darojad N. , Dawam Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Village community have not been fully aware of the economic value of waste management. The knowledge limitation of waste management and the availability of waste management facilities to be the reason for not dealing with waste management, instead of throwing and piling up the waste. Waste economic potential, and at the same time the abundance of existing coconut waste is not manage well. The objective of the research to develop a model for economic reason for the household. The method applied qualitative research. The results found an economic model for household through a commercial (a home industry) through digital waste management and community-based participation through waste bank management. Recommendation from the model: There are three factors can be adapting to support the success of waste management through local wisdom responsibility, activities supervision, and the attractive activity. To the local manager development also need to socialize and internalize the important aspect on waste and waste utilization.
Framework to Manage Software Quality on IIoT Apps
Authors: Julio Yair Rivera , Contreras Bertha Hernández , Rivera Samir Castaño , López Clara Colón , Mangonez Angel Dario Pinto , Herazo Harold Bula
Published: July 2021

The research presents a Framework based on CMMI and ITIL methodology. It complemented with an ASQ management type, which allows incorporating metrics that directly involve both the development process of embedded systems based on IoT architectures and oriented to industry 4.0 or IIoT. The methodology is based on the development of software for Embedded Systems using SysML modeling. The scheme to allows incorporates necessary mechanisms that enable the management of the System related to service continuity and easy adaptation to changes, considering service connectivity and compatible with an industrial environment. This scheme allows quantifying through indicators each one of the quality levels, providing at the same time the practicality and the systematization of the processes, which in the end translates into a consistent mapping for the standardization of the quality related to the lines of business that imply the treatment of IoT data at industrial level. The methodology permits are simplifying the need to deal with rapid software changes, one of the essential tasks of software systems development and maintenance teams. Due to the lack of standards and regulated work schemes for the development of IoT architectures; therefore, it is intended to establish implicitly the metrics and an essential work scheme to regulate the design, progress, and development of IIoT architectures, until defining an optimal state of implementation.
Bi-objective routing model with speed variation and consideration of emissions: Case study of solid waste collection in Coveñas, Sucre
Authors: Ruiz-Meza J , Montoya-Torres J R , Mejía-Ayala D , Navaja S
Published: July 2021

Models for routing vehicles have been applied to solve a variety of transport route design problems. Also, it has taken an important trend on environmental care in consideration of the negative environmental impact generated by the emissions resulting from transportation. Another relevant aspect of environment care is the collection of solid wastes due to the high quantities generated by human activities. In this paper, we developed a bi-objective model for routing vehicles for solid waste collection that considers the minimization of costs associated with both vehicles and CO2emissions. The model considers heterogeneous fleet, capacity, hard time windows, and speed variation in an urban center. A case study in the Caribbean region of Colombia is studied, with a total of 50 nodes in the network. Because of the computational hardness, nodes are clustered in five sets of 10 nodes to obtain optimal solutions. The sum of costs showed a reduction of 9.447% compared to current costs (50 nodes without clustering). Subsequently, we reviewed and restructured some constraints that allowed to soften the complexity of the model and obtain improved solutions with reduced current costs by 16.55%.
Mathematical modeling for collaborative planning of two-echelon in the pineapple supply chain: A case study in San Marcos, Colombia
Authors: Ruiz-Meza J , Cárdenas-Díaz Y , Royeth-Angulo M K , Mejía-Ayala D
Published: July 2021

In the fruits sector supply chains, several decisions must be made about logistics operations that directly affect their productivity and competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to work collaboratively so that all actors and echelons of the chain benefit equally in strategic, tactical, and operational decisions. In this paper, we developed a mixed-integer linear programming model for the collaborative planning of the pineapple supply chain. The model allows the articulation and planning of the production and distribution echelons, considering the production planning and the transportation process, to maximize profits and increase the efficiency of the sector. We applied the model to the pineapple supply chain in the municipality of San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. We carried out a characterization of the current state of pineapple production and distribution. Then, the mathematical model was developed and finally, the model was evaluated by developing analysis scenarios to make efficient decisions. Optimal computational results were obtained in a 10.53% increase in utility in the pineapple supply chain.
Proposal for an automated greenhouse to optimize the growth of hydroponic vegetables with high nutritional content in the context of smart cities
Authors: Sánchez S A , Morales A D , Castillas J C , Martínez C A , Meza A Z
Published: July 2021

Hydroponics is a cultivation method that has been gaining ground for a long time worldwide, due to its high nutritional content, low water consumption, scalability and zero use of pesticides, in addition to the versatility that this technique has to be implemented in almost any space. This is why the Antonio José de Sucre University Corporation, taking advantage of the characteristics of this cultivation technique, proposed the construction of an automated hydroponic greenhouse that serves as a model in the sustainable generation of food from the cities, following the example of smart cities; Within the construction of this proposal, it was necessary to study the requirements for planting the vegetables under hydroponic conditions in order to establish the technology that should have been used in their automation, for which the basic chemical and climatological needs in production were identified. of plant organisms, selecting those critical factors that intervene in productivity, in order to establish the appropriate types of sensors and an action protocol that maintain the values of these variables in optimum, tending to obtain healthy fruits and vegetables and superior in taste and nutrition. As a result, the design of a metallic hydroponic farm was obtained, for the location of the vegetables, recyclable materials such as PVC pipes were used and for the automation of the farm a raspberry pi electronic card was used complemented with PH, conductivity, temperature and humidity sensors. and lighting with the aim of obtaining quality products.
Application of 316L stainless steel coating by Directed Energy Deposition process
Authors: Barragan G A , Mariani F , Coelho R T
Published: July 2021

The corrosion problem faces a challenge for components in different industries. This research project aims to produce AISI 316L coatings in AISI 1045 plates of steel through additive manufacturing (AM) using a laser powder-fed system Direct Energy Deposition (DED) method. The coatings produced will be characterized using microstructural techniques (SEM/EDX and laser confocal), as well as microhardness Vickers. The average hardness value of the coating surface was 220 HV. The use of DED process for the coat of AISI 1045 material with AISI 316L has been proved as an efficient and viable operation.
Use of augmented reality technology and GPS to encourage tourism in the Sucre department
Authors: Salgado D. , Benitez D. , Morales A. , Gonzalez M. , Huertas N.
Published: July 2021

Globalization has boosted the tourism sector, making it one of the most important economic activities in developing countries in the 21st century, creating the need for urban growth through the construction of new physical infrastructures to guarantee accommodation, permanence, the security and mobility of large masses of people, putting the integrity of cultural heritage at risk. For this reason, the objective of this research is to design a system that integrates various emerging technologies, among which Augmented Reality and the Global Positioning System stand out, in order to develop digital content of cultural heritage and preserve its immaterial value., in addition to allowing the tourist to live a different experience when visiting the host place, superimposing digital information in the places they visit. The type of research is descriptive and technological development. Among the results found, the communication between the different technologies of the proposed system is outlined, as well as the flow of data that allow the functionality of the system. It is concluded that the proposed system contributes to the conservation of cultural objects and expressions through the generation of multimedia content and that it allows tourists to live an innovative experience through the proposed technologies.
Design of a telemedicine system for the provision of primary health care (PHC) services
Authors: Jaramillo D. , Mondragon M. , Morales A. , Sanchez S. , Romero H.
Published: July 2021

Currently, technological progress has allowed health-related issues to be worked on collaboratively, expanding their learning, managing to provide health services in remote places, guaranteeing one of the fundamental rights of every human being, among these technological advances are Telemedicine stands out, which has been playing a leading role especially in these times of pandemic. For this reason, the objective of this research is to design an information system that integrates multiple technologies to support the provision of primary health care services. The research is descriptive and technological development in scope. As a final result, block diagrams and flow diagrams were obtained to represent the set of technologies to be used and the information data flow of the proposed system. It is concluded that the proposed system would facilitate the provision of health services in areas with or without internet connectivity, as well as support decision-making by executives of health organizations, in addition, telemedicine is a new technological trend for what projects like this allow Colombia to be at the forefront in health and technology issues.
Evaluation of a virtual learning object with augmented reality technology for teaching of the computer parts
Authors: Romero I J , Romero H J , Sierra K A , Morales A D , Sánchez S A
Published: July 2021

This article refers to the evaluation of the Virtual Learning Object (OVA) Computer AR, OVA with augmented reality technology to facilitate the teaching-learning of the concepts of computer maintenance, related to the internal parts of the computer, with the sixth grade students of the COLMERCEDES educational institution. The methodological design with a quantitative and descriptive approach involved the application of the OVA quality assessment instrument called LORI (Learning Object Review Instrument), under OVA quality assessment dimensions and criteria, which determine that it is a quality digital teaching resource. The quantitative descriptive analysis focuses on the assessments of students and teachers when exploring the tool and its contents, aspects such as motivation, usability, accessibility, among others, are measured, so that the relevance of designing and using interactive virtual objects with augmented reality technology for teaching and learning the basic concepts related to the internal parts of the computer is concluded. Among the results obtained were positive, it was evident that the OVA designed met the quality criteria to obtain a high assessment by the population under study, concluding that it was appropriate to design an OVA with augmented reality to generate contributions to the teaching and learning processes on concepts related to the internal parts of the computer. The data in the dimensions of evaluation with a low tendency indicate that it should be complemented with a contextualized setting, so that it can be adapted to the characteristics and needs of the students.
Bibliometric review of emerging technologies in Gas Insulated Substations SF6
Authors: Gómez-Sandoval K Y , Marriaga-Márquez I A , Silva-Ortega J I , Grimaldo-Guerrero J W , Hernandez-Herrera H
Published: July 2021

The gas insulated substations (GIS) are made up of a set of equipment submerged in SF6 gas and a metal enclosure in which all the equipment associated with the substation is located. The GIS are being widely used in the high voltage electrical sector, due to this, developments and a high degree of research corresponding to new trends or emerging technologies that allow advances in this equipment are being presented. for this reason, this report contains a documentary investigation on the subject of isolated gas substations, through which a bibliometric analysis was carried out that allowed observing the high interest that GIS present in the scientific community in different parts of the planet. The objective of this work is to provide information corresponding to GIS such as some technical characteristics, a regulatory framework and new emerging technologies.
Recommendation system with graph-oriented databases for repository of open educational resources
Authors: Morales A. , Gonzalez J. , Alquerque K. , Reyes J. , Sanchez S.
Published: July 2021

The advancement of telecommunications has stimulated individualized study and collaborative learning, allowing the creation of pedagogical innovations by the teaching and administrative staff of educational institutions. Among these innovations are the Open Educational Resources (OER), which since its inception have contributed to teaching practices and contributed to the free learning of students. For this reason, the objective of the research is to design a repository of open educational resources integrating a recommendation system with graph-oriented databases. The study is descriptive and technological development. The results are the schematization of the system architecture by means of a block diagram and flow diagram.
Operation of a Dish Stirling Heliothermic System with Directly Illuminated Tube Receiver
Authors: Carrillo G E , Cárdenas Y
Published: July 2021

The generation of electricity from solar energy is one of the options within the renewable technologies that have gained much importance in recent years. Within this area, Dish Stirling systems stand out among solar concentration technologies, as they have the highest efficiency in converting thermal energy into electricity. Unfortunately, there are few publications and information on operating parameters of this type of technology. For this reason, this paper presents a methodology to characterize the behavior of this type of system, considering project parameters of a system installed in the city of Itajuba-MG Brazil. In the initial stage, a geometric and optical analysis is presented, which allows us to determine parameters such as the parabolic disk opening area and optical parameters that define the performance of this component. In the next stage, a thermal analysis is elaborated as a way to quantify the losses in the receiver system and to be able to calculate the energy supplied to the Stirling engine fluid. Finally, relationships are established to characterize the behavior of the Stirling engine working with a DIR type receiver. The results show that for speeds below 8 m/s, the heat loss due to radiation is higher than the loss due to convection, representing up to 90% of the total heat loss in the system, for solar irradiation of 1000 W/m2, the maximum electrical power obtained by the system was 0.99 kW.
Computational analysis of the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes in a rail-wheel system
Authors: García Carlos , Echeverri Mateo , Carlos Jesus , Suárez Gustavo
Published: July 2021

Currently, railway systems have presented many problems associated with friction and wear due to movement between the interface of the wheel-rail system, a situation that has been demanding large investments and railway costs in transport companies due to the frequent change of pieces of the system. As a possible solution, the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been underway in some modified lubricants to increase the antifriction properties. In this investigation, computational simulations were developed to analyze the behavior of the CNTs as a reducing component of the friction of the material. A constitutive model was considered by Hooke’s law for the wheel-rail system and the CNTs. Numerical lattices were designed to develop the computational simulations. The constitutive equations were solved by the Finite Differences Method (F.D.M.). The computational models were subjected to transverse loads emulating the movement of the system. Simulations were performed for one wheel-rail model with insert of 0.01 percent of CNTs. The results identified in the report of the insertions of the CNTs in the wheel-rail system show a dissipative-absorbent behavior of the deformation energy is detected, combined with rotation effects of the CNTs, a condition that may allow a reduction in friction and wear CNTs can contribute to improve the tribological properties of lubricants in affected railway systems and a longer service life of mechanical elements. The computational developments carried out in this research can facilitate the analysis of behaviors of nanostructured materials under conditions of extreme functionality where the experimental processes are complex.
Generation and Capture of Electric Energy Using Piezoelectric Materials: A Review
Authors: Rincón-Quintero A D , Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Zanabria-Ortigoza N D , Cárdenas-Arias C G , Ascanio-Villabona J G , Durán-Sarmiento M A
Published: July 2021

Piezoelectricity comes as a principle of transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy, it is limited in terms of investment, time and research, due to this fact, the need arises to be able to innovate with data collection on the most used models to collect and generate electrical energy. In this research, the literature regarding the generation and collection of electrical energy using piezoelectric materials was analyzed, from this analysis, fifty innovative articles were determined in the last three years, which were reflected in a data matrix, in which It presents the generation and collection element, the applications, and shows the performance in terms of power or voltage that the prototypes supply. With the results of the table, a condensed panorama of current data is obtained, about the most used and outstanding of this form of little-used energy, but which is a competent and efficient alternative for the generation of electricity.
Implementation of a prototype water electrolysis system as an alternative to produce hydrogen
Authors: Tarazona-Romero B E , Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Ascanio-Villabona J G , Quintero-Ruiz A , Páez-Castro R E , Acosta-Cárdenas O A
Published: July 2021

The objective of the development of the prototype or scale model of production of hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis process of water is to generate an alternative with a sustainable approach, which proposes the supply or source of energy initially with a direct current power source. replaceable in the future by a photovoltaic solar system. For the development of the prototype, it began with the academic compilation of information, then the model was made in CAD, followed by the need to integrate an electronic control system and a mechanical system to obtain the final model, materials were selected and used premises for the development of the two systems, the electronic and physical schematization was carried out, chaired by the assembly and field experimentation. It is important to highlight that the constructed scale model generates hydrogen and oxygen with a low current consumption and a constant voltage, the maximum point of gas generation is the maximum point of energy consumption and its relationship is almost linear.
Matrix design for guided bend tests under the codes AWS D1.1, AWS D1.5, ASME Section IX and standard NTC 523 for specimens with thicknesses equal to or less than 3/8 inches
Authors: Pinzón Candelario Manuel , Torres Bermúdez Germán , Serna Yhon F Soto , Zuleta J N
Published: July 2021

This article presents the design of a guided bending system, which allows integrating the AWS D1.1, AWS D1.5, ASME Section IX and NTC 523 codes. The study meets the requirements of these standards and reduces use of different matrices for testing specimens with thicknesses equal to or less than 3/8 of an inch.
Synthesis of starch powder from different organic wastes: A green approach to a valuable material
Authors: Sanabria D P , Farfán H I , Quintana D N , Abril I V , Castro H F , Paredes R A , Roa K L
Published: July 2021

Plastic pollution has become one of the main causes of irreversible damages to the environment. Despite the well-known adverse effects, the lack of culture in recycling is causing overcrowded landfills with tons of this disposable material. Developing new products is necessary to replace plastics with eco-friendly materials, in this way, biopolymers are a suitable alternative. Biopolymer synthesis requires a natural polymer known as starch, which is a common compound in roots, tubers, fruits, cereals and aquatic plants. In the present work, we study different solid organic wastes such as cassava, potatoes, plantain, corn and two types of algae Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum Quítense, in order to discover its feasibility as starch sources. For this purpose, we established an extraction method taking into account the main structure of each organic waste. By means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and iodine test, we obtained the chemical structures and principal characteristics of each starch. Synthesized powders exhibited characteristics of thermoplastic starches making them available for its potential use in biopolymers.