bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Changes Associated with IBD Mouse Model and Microbiota Transplantation Confers Colitis Symptom in Microbiota Deletion Mice
Authors: Shang Lijun , Liu Hongbin , Dai Ziqi , Li Jie , Chen Meixia , Zeng Xiangfang , Qiao Shiyan
Published: October 2019

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic and relapsing inflammation occurring among the gastrointestinal tract. Available evidence suggests that host microbiome, as well as various components of the mucosal immune system, are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have provided new insights on the function identification of gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota response to colitis and discussed the underlying mechanisms of this alteration in combination with latest research. The function of altered microbiota was investigated through microbiota transplantation technology.Results
Twenty-seven female C57BL/6J mice were fed DSS solution for 5 days and followed by 5 days normal drinking water. D 0 was considered as normal control while d 5 and d 10 were seen as disease progressive phase and recovery phase, respectively. Alpha diversity results showed that the detected microbiota composition differences among 3 phases were not due to the presence and/or absence of rare phylotypes. In IBD mouse model, community richness decreased but diversity did not change significantly. Besides, the strong negative correlation between phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased in IBD mouse model of which maybe one of the dysbiosis signatures. Furthermore, transplanting microbiota of IBD mouse model to antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion mice (Abx-mice) could induce inflammation similar to colitis. The proportion of the Lactobacillus, as well as other less abundant probiotic taxa, significantly increased in recovery phase, revealing the potential of these probiotic in IBD therapy.Conclusions
IBD could induce proportional changes of gut microbiota, and these changes are capable of conferring pathogenicity in Abx-mice. This study provides updated comprehensions of the commensal microbiota alteration.Keywords
Gut microbiota, dysbiosis, inflammation bowel disease, DSS, microbiota transplantation
Applied Boron Increases Alfalfa Petiole Boron Concentration across Water Regimes, Not Yield
Authors: Sapkota Anish , Meccage Emily , Stougaard Robert N. , Bicego Breno , Torrion Jessica A.
Published: October 2019

Boron (B) fertilization based on soil B status may prevent negative effects on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield and quality. Our objective was to determine the effects of foliar‐applied B and water regimes on alfalfa yield and quality. A 2‐yr (2016–2017) study was done at Creston, MT in a fine sandy loam soil that tested 0.2 mg kg−1 B. Alfalfa was planted in 2016. Levels of B ranging from 0 to 2.24 kg B ha−1 were applied in association with three water regimes including rainfed, 50%, and 100% evapotranspiration (ET). There was no effect of B on yield or crude protein (P > 0.05) in either year. Both B fertilization and irrigation application increased petiole B concentration. In 2017, the water regime × B level interaction was significant specifically for the yield of the second cutting (P = 0.02), as well as for the relative feed value, neutral detergent fiber, and petiole B concentration in the third cutting (P < 0.05). Irrigation decreased (P < 0.01) forage quality only in the second cutting of 2016. Irrigation increased alfalfa yield by 45% in the establishment year (2016), but only by 12% in the following year. However, there was no yield difference observed (P > 0.05) between the 100ET and 50ET treatments each year, and irrigation water productivity decreased in the second year of alfalfa growth. The foliar application of B on a B‐deficient soil did not increase yield or crude protein content of alfalfa, regardless of soil moisture availability.

Core Ideas

Application of B or irrigation increase petiole B concentration of alfalfa.

Increases of petiole B due to B fertilization did not increase alfalfa yield and crude protein.

Deficit irrigation did not reduce yield in alfalfa.

Regardless of water regime, application of B on B‐deficient soil did not improve yield and crude protein of alfalfa.
Greenhouse Gases from Irrigated Rice Systems under Varying Severity of Alternate‐Wetting and Drying Irrigation
Authors: Balaine Nimlesh , Carrijo Daniela R. , Adviento‐Borbe M. Arlene , Linquist Bruce
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

Rice cultivation under flooded conditions is a significant source of methane.

Increasing drying severity decreased methane by 41 to 71% compared to flooded conditions.

Drying beyond a certain level did not result in further methane emission reductions.

Co‐management of nitrogen and drying time ensured that N2O emissions remained low.

Increasing drying severity resulted in no reduction in grain yields.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is normally grown under flooded conditions and is a significant source of methane (CH4). Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is one practice which has shown promise to reduce CH4 emissions and global warming potential (GWP). Under AWD, the soil is allowed to dry periodically during the growing season. In this 2‐yr field study, three different severities of drying were compared to a continuously flooded condition to quantify effects on rice yields, greenhouse gas emissions, GWP and yield‐scaled GWP (GWPY). The AWD treatments in order of increasing drying severity were: Safe‐AWD (AWDS) where plots were reflooded when the perched water table fell 15 cm below the soil surface (volumetric water content of 41 to 44%); and AWD35 and AWD25 where plots were reflooded when the soil volumetric water content reached approximately 35 and 25%, respectively. Each of these treatments received two drying cycles (all occurring between 45 d after planting and heading). Grain yields and cumulative N2O emissions (close to zero) did not vary significantly among treatments. The AWDS reduced CH4 emissions by 41% and the AWD35 and AWD25 by 56 to 73% and 60 to 67%, respectively. Since only CH4 differed between treatments, AWD reduced GWP and GWPY by the same relative amount as CH4. Increasing drying severity reduced CH4, GWP and GWPY emissions up to a point (AWD35) but continued drying (AWD25) did not further reduce CH4 emissions. Given the high early season CH4 fluxes, drying earlier may result in greater reductions of CH4 in wet seeded rice systems but this requires further study as there may be negative effects such as increased N2O emissions.
Simple Diffusion Methods for Determination of Nonexchangeable Ammonium in Soils
Authors: Nunes V. L. N. , Mulvaney R. L. , Griesheim K. L.
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas

Existing HF methods are labor‐intensive and do not recover recently fixed NH4+‐N.

Diffusion techniques were developed that are simpler and more quantitative.

These techniques permit 15N analyses of fixed NH4+‐N in tracer studies.

The determination of fixed ammonium (NH4+) normally involves hydrofluoric acid (HF) digestion to decompose clay minerals following a rigorous pretreatment to control interference by organic nitrogen (N); however, the methods are tedious and time‐consuming, and recoveries can be incomplete if the soil under analysis was recently fertilized with ammoniacal N. Diffusion methods were developed to simplify and improve this determination, which utilize a potassium chloride (KCl) pretreatment to clearly differentiate exchangeable from nonexchangeable NH4+. In these methods, the HF digest is treated with magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) to neutralize residual acidity and precipitate magnesium fluoride (MgF2), and fixed NH4+‐N is then liberated with magnesium oxide (MgO) as diffusion is performed on an orbital shaker for 3 h at 45 to 50°C (Method A) or for 3 d at 20 to 25°C (Method B). When averaged across 16 diverse soils, both diffusion methods were in close agreement with the Silva‐Bremner technique using a potassium hypobromite (KOBr) pretreatment, although significant discrepancies were more common for Method A than B, indicating greater potential for organic interferences. In a study to compare recoveries of recently fixed 15NH4+‐N, Method A was significantly higher than the procedure of Silva and Bremner. The latter finding leaves no doubt about the need to avoid the use of KOBr for measuring fixed NH4+ in soils recently fertilized with ammoniacal N, and demonstrates that the methods described will be advantageous for tracer research involving 15N.
MIOPATI KONGENITAL PADA BAYI: SEBUAH LAPORAN KASUS
Authors: Adinugraha Rangga
Published: October 2019

Background: The congenital myopathies are group of genetic muscle disorders with a prevalence estimated between 1:22,480 in Sweden and 1:135,000 in Northern England. The most severe forms of congenital myopathy present In infant is the floppy infant with hypotonia and generalized musle weakness, and a frog leg posture, with facial, bulbar and respiratory weakness. We will provide an approach to the diagnosis of congenital myopathies with clinical examination, muscle imaging (MRI), muscle biopsy and identifying the genetic basis. Management of congenital myopathy are treatment of symptoms and complication caused by myopathies.
Aim: To report a case of congenital myopathy in infant
Case Description: A boy, a month, consulted from pediatric department to neurology department with chief complains the mouth is held in a open position, difficulty in feeding and generalized muscle weakness. From physical examintaion shows hypotonus in the masseter muscle, bulbar, respiration and all of extremities. In the chest cavity show pectus excavatum. Reflexes decrease in all of extremities with phatological reflexes in both lower extremities. We found pneumonia bilateral from thorax X-ray. ENMG shows moderate to severe axonal neuropathy and demyelination on all of extremities with normal EMG results. He received paracetamol 30 mg iv, ampicilin 150 mg iv, gentamicin 12 mg iv. He received exercise and chest fisiotherapy. After 22 days of treatment, he was discharge with clinical improvement.
Conclusion: Patient has pneumonia bilateral caused by respiratory weakness congenital myopathy. Follow up and histological features is essential in guiding management for prediction of prognosis.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA AWITAN PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING-ASI (MPASI) DENGAN STATUS GIZI PADA BALITA DI PUSKESMAS PANCUR BATU, DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Legie Femmy Stefanie , Lubis Mahrani
Published: October 2019

Latar Belakang. Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) adalah makanan dan minuman yang diberikan kepada bayi guna memenuhi kebutuhan gizi selain ASI. WHO merekomendasikan pengenalan makanan padat pada bayi dilakukan pada saat bayi berusia 6 bulan. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa pengenalan dini makanan dapat menyebabkan anak mengalami gizi tidak normal dan mudah terinfeksi organisme asing. Menurut data RISKESDAS tahun 2010, prevalensi balita dengan gizi kurang dan buruk di Provinsi Sumatera Utara adalah 21,4 %. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan usia pertama pemberian MP-ASI terhadap status nutrisi pada balita. Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Waktu penelitian ini dilakukan mulai dari bulan Agustus hingga bulan November 2017. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua balita (3-59 bulan) yang datang ke Puskesmas Pancur Batu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara dengan alat berupa kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan program Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) dan menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk analisa bivariat. Hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 90 anak, 51,1% adalah anak perempuan, 53% anak diberi MP-ASI tepat usia, 70% anak dengan status nutrisi baik. Status nutrisi tidak normal lebih banyak didapatkan pada anak yang diberikan MP-ASI dini (77.8%). Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara usia pertama pemberian MPASI dengan status nutrisi pada balita, p= 0.0001 (p
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF GOD'S CROWN FRUIT (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) AGAINST PARACETAMOL HEPATOTOXICITY IN SWISS WEBSTER MICE
Authors: Jayadi Tejo
Published: October 2019

Background: The godâ€™s crown fruits have properties as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Toxic doses of paracetamol can injure the liver through toxic metabolite bonds with cytoplasmic proteins that cause free radicals to form. The aim of this research is to know the effect of the crown of gods extracts on paracetamol hepatotoxicity.
Method: A total of 30 of Webster swiss mice with a weight of Â± 20 grams, age 3 months were randomly assigned to five groups, negative control, positive control, treatment 1,2 and 3. A 70% ethanol extract of godâ€™s crown fruit given in doses 60mg, 120mg and 240mg per kgBB mice. The extract was administered for 14 days in the treatment groups, then on day 15 paracetamol ware administered in a given dose 300mg/kgBB for 1 day for the positive control group and treatment groups. On day 16, the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were examined from the orbital sinuses and animals terminated liver tissues taken and immediately fixed in 10% buffer formalin for histological examination.
Results and Discussion: The 70% ethanol extract of the godâ€™s crown fruits decreased blood serum levels of AST and ALT, and these results were supported by histopathologic scores of the liver in which histopathologic scores were improved with the increasing doses (p < 0.05). The secondary metabolite contents of the godâ€™s crown fruit extract served as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, protecting hepatic injury from the toxic metabolite of paracetamol.
Conclusion: A 70% ethanol extract of godâ€™s crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) have hepatoprotective properties that effectively prevent hepatic injury due to paracetamol toxic dose.
Atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Filippov E. V. , Moseychuk K. A.
Published: October 2019

Coronary artery disease (CAD) can manifest as a classic chest pain, or atypical angina. At the same time, the prevalence of CAD in a group of male patients with atypical angina over the age of 60 can reach 59--78%. It should be noted that the clinic manifestation of the chronic heart failure (CHF), which will be the main limiting factor, may take centre stage in diffuse coronary artery atherosclerosis. In patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure, who take atorvastatin, one should expect a decrease in the risk of adverse outcomes and hospitalizations due to heart failure. However, this does not negate the need for treatment and optimization of heart failure, if necessary. The therapy of these patients is based on the administration of high doses of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors), beta-blockers (BB) and statins. The routine use of statins in heart failure with low ejection fraction (EF) is not recommended for the management of patients with heart failure from clinical guidelines point of view. This conclusion is based on two multicenter randomized clinical trials that have purposefully studied the use of statins in heart failure (CORONA and GISSI-HF). However, this document recommends the use of statins to prevent heart failure in patients with coronary artery disease. Continuing statin therapy in patients, who are already receiving these drugs for coronary artery disease or hyperlipidemia, should also be discussed. Thus, the use of atorvastatin in patients with coronary artery disease and systolic left ventricular myocardial dysfunction can reduce the risk of adverse outcomes and hospitalizations due to heart failure. In patients with non-ischemic heart failure, taking statins is not associated with improved survival. Thus, the decision to prescribe this group of drugs in patients with chronic heart failure should take into account the specific clinical situation and be strictly individualized.
Variabilidade climática no Semiárido Brasileiro e as politicas públicas de convivência com a estiagem.
Authors: Rodrigues Erimágna de Morais , Moura Débora Coelho , Correia Iluliane Maria Gadelha , Diniz Fabricio Correia , Pereira Thaís Mara Souza
Published: October 2019

A região Nordeste do Brasil, principalmente na porção Semiárida é comum passar pela ocorrência de estiagens, onde o setor agrícola é o mais afetado por ser de subsistência. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar uma análise das variáveis climáticas do município de Cabaceiras-Paraíba no período de 1940 a 2017, através de uma análise descritiva da precipitação a partir de séries temporais desse período, além de relatar as políticas públicas de convívio com o Semiárido, desenvolvidas pela Articulação no Semiárido (ASA) no mesmo município. Os resultados evidenciam que houve ocorrência dos fenômenos climáticos, EL-Niño, Lá-Niña, e Dipolo Positivo do Oceano Atlântico, que vieram a interferir positivo ou negativamente na ocorrência e distribuição das chuvas no período analisado. Além disso, o município não é beneficiado com todas as tecnologias desenvolvidas pela ASA, possuindo apenas as cisternas de placas de 16.000 e 52.000 litros de água.
DISSEMINAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E MÚSICA NO CONTEXTO HOSPITALAR PEDIÁTRICO
Authors: Galvão Maria Cristiane Barbosa , Pereira Paula Maria , Carmona Fabio , Ricarte Ivan Luiz Marques
Published: October 2019

Estudos têm sido realizados para verificar formas de tornar a assistência pediátrica humanizada e inclusiva. Assim, teve-se por objetivo verificar se a disseminação de informações em saúde e de músicas na página de um hospital pediátrico, em uma rede social, promove algum tipo de reação ou envolvimento do público. O estudo, de caráter quantitativo, contemplou diferentes etapas do ciclo informacional, como: a seleção de informações em saúde e músicas; a produção de informações em saúde em linguagem simples; a disseminação de informações em saúde e músicas na página do hospital pediátrico. No período da intervenção, foram disseminadas 22 informações em saúde na página do hospital, que alcançaram um total de 19.156 pessoas, e 27 músicas que alcançaram um total de 17.914 pessoas. Embora informações em saúde e músicas promovam algum tipo de envolvimento, as informações em saúde são mais compartilhadas pelo público.
Novelty in Inflammation and Immunomodulation in Migraine
Authors: Cavestro Cinzia , Ferrero Marcella , Mandrino Silvia , Di Tavi Marco , Rota Eugenia
Published: October 2019

Background.:

Migraine is a diffuse and disabling disease. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves both central and peripheral dysfunctions.

Objective.:

This review will discuss the pathogenesis of migraine from the origin of the neuro-inflammatory theory, to the modern pathophysiological model and the latest therapies.

Methods.:

PUBMED and EMBASE (up to May 2019) were searched for: migraine, inflammation, immunomodulation. An additional search was carried out from the bibliography of previous review articles.

Results.:

Migraine was thought to be mainly a vascular disorder, according to the so-called “vascular theory”. Based on animal models, a new hypothesis called “the neuro-inflammatory” was conceived at the end of the 20th century. The growing knowledge about the trigeminovascular system and its role in the inflammatory-pain pathway, allowed to identify other specific neurotransmitters, such as the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Peptide. Evidence was provided that the inflammatory-pain system could become sensitised and, due to this sensitisation, the pain could also perpetuate, even in the absence of any triggers of the migraine attack. At last, brain immune cells modification during cortical spreading depression in migraine was demonstrated, along with the existence and function of the glymphatic system. The better comprehension of the immune system abnormalities allowed the development of new immunomodulating drugs: the monoclonal antibodies against the CGRP or the CGRP receptor. Moreover, new insights into the molecular mechanism of CGRP, and the function of C-fibres and Aδ-fibres, highlighted the mechanism of action of Botulinum Toxin type A in the treatment of chronic migraine.
The Effects of Glycopyrrolate as Premedication on Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Lee Seunghyuk , Yoon Sang W. , Choi Geun J. , Park Yong-Hee , Kang Hyun , Baek Chong W. , Jung Yong Hun , Woo Young C.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Glycopyrrolate is often used as a premedication for anesthesia as it has anti-sialogogue and vagolytic effect. Patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery have high-risk of Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV).

Objectives:

This retrospective study investigates the effect of glycopyrrolate as a premedication for PONV in patients receiving fentanyl-based Intravenous (IV) Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) after laparoscopic gynecological surgery.

Methods:

We reviewed the medical records of adult patients who received fentanyl-based IV-PCA after laparoscopic gynecological surgery at Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2016. We classified patients into two groups on the basis of glycopyrrolate premedication: non-premedicated group (Group N; n = 316) and glycopyrrolate premedicated group (Group P; n = 434). The Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM) was used to select 157 subjects in Group N and P, on the basis of their covariates which were matched with a counterpart in the other group.

Results:

Prior to PSM, the necessities for rescue anti-emetics were lower on Postoperative Day (POD) 0 (58[18.4%]vs.45[10.4%],P= 0.002) and POD1 (60[19.0%]vs.59[13.6%],P= 0.046), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain on POD 1 (2.86 ± 1.49vs.3.13 ± 1.53,P= 0.017) was higher in group P. After PSM, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score for nausea (0.38 ± 0.75vs. 0.21 ± 0.62,P= 0.027) and rescue anti-emetics (27 [17.2%]vs. 15 [9.6%],P= 0.047) on POD 0 were both lower in the group P.

Conclusion:

In patients receiving fentanyl-based IV-PCA after laparoscopic gynecological surgery, the severity of nausea and necessity for rescue ant-emetic was lower in the glycopyrrolate premedication group.
Experiences of Internet-Based Stepped Care in Individuals With Cancer and Concurrent Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: Qualitative Exploration Conducted Alongside the U-CARE AdultCan Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Hauffman Anna , Alfonsson Sven , Igelström Helena , Johansson Birgitta
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Individuals with newly diagnosed cancer may experience impaired health in several aspects and often have a large need for information and support. About 30% will experience symptoms of anxiety and depression, with varying needs of knowledge and support. Despite this, many of these patients lack appropriate support. Internet-based support programs may offer a supplement to standard care services, but must be carefully explored from a user perspective.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the participants’ perceptions of the relevance and benefits of an internet-based stepped care program (iCAN-DO) targeting individuals with cancer and concurrent symptoms of anxiety and depression.

METHODS

We performed a qualitative study with an inductive approach, in which we used semistructured questions to interview 15 individuals using iCAN-DO. We analyzed the interviews using content analysis.

RESULTS

The analysis found 17 subcategories regarding the stepped care intervention, resulting in 4 categories. Participants described the need for information as large and looked upon finding information almost as a survival strategy when receiving the cancer diagnosis. iCAN-DO was seen as a useful, reliable source of information and support. It was used as a complement to standard care and as a means to inform next of kin. Increased knowledge was a foundation for continued processing of participants’ own feelings. The optimal time to gain access to iCAN-DO would have been when being informed of the diagnosis. The most common denominator was feeling acknowledged and supported, but with a desire for further adaptation of the system to each individual’s own situation and needs.

CONCLUSIONS

Users saw the internet-based stepped care program as safe and reliable and used it as a complement to standard care. Similar interventions may gain from more personalized contents, being integrated into standard care, or using symptom tracking to adjust the contents. Offering this type of program close to diagnosis may provide benefits to users.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClincalTrials.gov NCT-01630681; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01630681
Educators Perspectives on Integrating Social Media to the ESL Classroom
Authors: Figueroa Jorge F. , Rosa-Dávila Emarely
Published: October 2019

This article presents a study on the perspective of two higher education professors from Puerto Rico in the use of social media for the ESL classroom. It covers the millennial generation characteristics and its influence on the teaching and learning process at the university level. Several strategies within the use of social media and emergent technologies are presented. The study participants reflect on the use of social media in the classroom and present how beneficial it has been in student achievement, retention, and engagement. Several remarks are made within the use of social media for the classroom and participants expose their experiences in the ESL classroom at the university level.
ISOLATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CANIS LUPUS FAMILIARIS AND HUMAN SALIVA AGAINST THE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sahu Ajay Kumar , Paramita Prangya , Swain Akash , Pallath Karthika S , Sinha Rupali , Soni Abhisek
Published: October 2019

Saliva is mainly contain protein have an important role biological system of that oral cavity is closely associated with different type of disease, in our research work we took canis lupus familiaris saliva which because the composition of dog salivary proteome and with relationship with human are unclear. Salivary proteome have more than 2353 differentially expressed protein human and dog salivary. Protein related regeneration and healing process as fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factors regulated by dog salivary, animal saliva is also known as common source of allergen. The main of this study and research work was to identify the particular species and determine the prevalence of  pathogenic bacteria in the saliva of canis lupus familiaris, the biochemical analysis is used to to identify the particular kind of bacteria was present in dog saliva and how its access to another bacteria through antimicrobial activity test was done.  Canine saliva was tested for bacterial effect against pathogens relevant to the hygienic function of maternal grooming of the mammary. Bactericidal against coagulase positive staphylococcus and pseudomonas, e coli is the cause of highly fatal coliform enteritis of mammal. The oral proteomes of dog and human were appreciably different most probably cellular process, development process, multi cellular process, metabolic process, immune system process, biological adhesion is different according to the their biological appearance. These research work provide new information on canis lupus familiaris  saliva composition  and which type of bacteria is present it, and how will be beneficial for the study of dog saliva in diseased and health condition in future.
Hearbal Detox Extract Formulation From Seven Wonderful Natural Herbs: Garlic, Ginger, Honey, Carrots, Aloe Vera, Dates, & Corn
Authors: Saleh Mohammed Yerima , Chaturvedi Saurabh , Ibrahim Bello , Khan Mohammed Shahid , Jain Harshita , Nama Nitin , Jain Vikas
Published: October 2019

The current mode of treatment of various diseases that cause as result of tobacco products based on synthetic drugs is very expensive, insalubrious and also not obtainable to all patients,  at the same time these drugs alters genetics and metabolic pathways and also shows great adverse side effects to many patients. Hence, a safe and effective alternative natural remedy is needed to prevent the disease development and progression. In this lookout, natural recipes are indeed healthy and good remedy in the treatment/management of diseases that cause as result of tobacco products and these natural herbs are affordable, accessible and effective without any adverse side effects. These seven wonderful natural recipes (Garlic, ginger, honey, carrots, aloe Vera, dates & corn) are considered to be the most significant ancient herbs that have been used as an herbal remedy for over 2500 years all over the world. Although this research is first of its kind, because there was no such research conducted by any researcher who combined these seven wonderful natural recipes as a therapeutics, however there were several similar earlier studies on one or combination of either these recipes which have shown a very remarkable and suitable alternative remedy in various diseases cure without any side effects. This juice extracts from seven wonderful natural recipes are of paramount important with an immense medical properties and health beneficial effects that treats cancer further complications, cleanse the nicotine & tar from lungs that cause as a result of tobacco uses, boost immune system, as well as serve as an antibiotic in the remedy of many ailments.
Synergistic Interactions between Christia vespertilionis Leaves Extract and Chemotherapy Drug Cyclophosphamide on WRL-68 Cell Line
Authors: Abd Latip Normala , Abd Mutalib Nurliana
Published: October 2019

Christia vespertilionis locally known as ‘rerama’ has gained much attention as herbal preparation to treat various ailments and diseases although there is no conclusive evidence of its therapeutic values. Self-medication is commonly practiced by patients, underpinned by health believes that affect their adherence to medication regimens, and impacting on treatment outcomes. Therefore, in this study the phytochemical profile and potential interaction of this plant extracts with conventional chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide were investigated. Water decoction and maceration method with 70% ethanol were used to extract the plant leaves. Phytochemical profiling of the extracts and compound identification was done using HPLC. Isoorientin was identified as the major phytochemical component of the extracts. MTT assay was used to screen cytotoxicity of the extract towards CRL2522, HaCaT, HepG2, MCF-7 and WRL68 cell lines. Combination index (CI) and isobologram were derived from combination treatment of extract and cyclophosphamide. Ethanolic extract has low cytotoxicity against all cell lines (IC50>1mg/mL). However, combination treatment of ethanolic extract and cyclophosphamide at IC15 and IC25 concentration resulted in synergism (CI<1). There is potential synergism arise with combination treatment of this plant with cyclophosphamide, which enhances cytotoxicity and the mechanism of synergism worth to be further investigated.
Formulation and Development of Transdermal Patches of Piroxicam
Authors: Agrahari Saurabh , Sharma Atul , Kumar Sachin , Sharma Amit , Sagar Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2019

The aim of the given study was to formation as well as development of patches of piroxicam. Piroxicam basically a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Less dosage result in the longer  duration of action which make these patches a remarkable in curing the infection for the increase of transdermal properties of the patches various batches were prepared using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and poly vinyl pyrrolidone for best result various parameters are considered like thickness,weight are considered during various test in different batches and the last are i.e. the 6th batch comes good result batch 6th show best evaluation parameter whereas batch 7th show a 95 % release of drug there parameters including moisture content and above mention were tested and were evaluated for best possible result.
The role of sponsor’s previous experience in syndicated private equity deals
Authors: Marini Vladimiro , Caratelli Massimo , Barbaraci Ilaria
Published: October 2019

Syndication allows two or more private equity sponsors to takeover targets that would have been overlooked due to lacking financial resources, risk capacity and/or skills (especially highly specialized sponsors may consider syndication). While financial resources mostly belong to size, skills come from sponsor’s experience: beyond its amount, different types of skills i.e. specialization profiles – come from different types of experience. Literature about private equity syndication is mostly devoted to its determinants, while the performance implications of syndication compared to stand-alone private equity are under-researched. This paper investigates the effect of different types of sponsors’ previous experience on the target’s performance (ROA) and whether this relation changes in syndicated versus stand-alone deals
Collaborative governance against corruption
Authors: Chidiac El Hajj Mireille
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to study the benefits of the Blockchain, if properly applied in the near future in Lebanon. It sheds light on why collaborative governance against corruption is needed. The research is built on an analysis of reports and on face to face interviews with key managers in all 14 Lebanese alpha banks. Due to the sovereign debt composition, we found out that the Blockchain technology can represent a vital tool to disrupt corruption, but the decision of implementing it, is up to the Central Bank governor. The research offers an added value as it is the first to describe the positive effects of implementing the Blockchain technology in a country that is ranked 180 out of 209 on WB’s control of corruption index
Defense Procurement and Public Utility Regulation
Authors: Hall George
Published: October 2019

First published in 1968, this article examines possible change in the government procurement regulatory framework that could conceivably confer public utility status on the producers of major weapon systems. The author posits that applying public utility regulation could not ameliorate the regulatory problem, and the best solution to procurement regulation is to minimize the need for it.
First case of the succesful treatment of actinomicosis of the knee in a child
Authors: Kozlova O. P. , Isaeva N. V. , Avdeenko Yu. L. , Klimko N. N.
Published: October 2019

Objectives. Actinomycosis in children has not been studied enough, the number of publications is limited. Actinomycosis of the knee joint is very rare, the disease mimics tuberculosis or malignant neoplasms, which can lead to late diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Materials and methods. We report on the first case of an 8-year-girl with actinomycosis knee. Diagnosis is based on histological examination. Results. Surgical resection of infected tissue and longterm antibiotic therapy for 4.5 months was effective in the treatment of pediatric patient with knee actinomycosis. In the scientific literature no such clinical case was found.Сonclusion. Case of successful treatment of pediatric patient with knee actinomycosis is presented for the first time.
Algorithm of web page similarity comparison based on visual block
Authors: Li Xingchen , Zhang Weizhe , Wang Desheng , Zhang Bin , He Hui
Published: October 2019

Phishing often deceives users due to the relative similarity to the true pages on a layout and leads to considerable losses for the society. Consequently, detecting phishing sites has been an urgent activity. By researching phishing web pages using web page screenshots, we discover that this kind of web pages use numerous web page screenshots to achieve the close similarity to the true page and avoid the text and structure similarity detection. This study introduces a new similarity matching algorithm based on visual blocks. First, the RenderLayer tree of the web page is obtained to extract the visual block. Second, an algorithm that will settle the jumbled visual blocks, including the deletion of the small visual blocks and the emergence of the overlapping visual blocks, is designed. Finally, the similarity between the two web pages is assessed. The proposed algorithm sets different thresholds to achieve the optimal missing and false alarm rates.
Classification and analysis of MOOCs learner’s state: The study of hidden Markov model
Authors: Chen Haijian , Dai Yonghui , Gao Heyu , Han Dongmei , Li Shan
Published: October 2019

In MOOCs, learner?s state is a key factor to learning effect. In order to study on learner?s state and its change, the Hidden Markov Model was applied in our study, and some data of learner were analyzed, which includes MOOCs learner?s basic information, learning behavior data, curriculum scores and data of participation in learning activities. The relationship of the learning state, the environment factors and the learner?s individual conditions was found based on the data mining of the above of learning behavior data. Generally, there are three main conclusions in our research. Firstly, learners with different educational background have different learning states when they first learn from MOOCs. Secondly, the environmental factors such as curriculum quality, overall learning status and number of learners will influence the change of learners? learning status. Thirdly, the learner?s behavioral expression is an observational signal of different learning states, which can be used to detect and manage the learner?s learning states in different periods. From the analysis results of Hidden Markov Model, it is found that learners in different learning states can adopt appropriate methods to improve their learning efficiency. If the learner is in a negative state, the learning efficiency can be improved by improving the learning environment. If the learner is in a positive state, the positive learning status of the surrounding learners can help him or her maintain current state. Our research can help the MOOCs institutions improve the curriculum and provide reference for the development of MOOCs teaching.
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Newborn DNA Methylation: Findings From the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium
Authors: Howe Caitlin G. , Cox Bianca , Fore Ruby , Jungius James , Kvist Tuomas , Lent Samantha , Miles Harriet E. , Salas Lucas A. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl , Starling Anne P. , Yousefi Paul , Ladd-Acosta Christine , Baccarelli Andrea , Binder Elisabeth B. , Chatzi Vaia Lida , Czamara Darina , Dabelea Dana , DeMeo Dawn L. , Ghantous Akram , Herceg Zdenko , Kajantie Eero , Lahti Jari M.T. , Lawlor Debbie A. , Litonjua Augusto , Nawrot Tim S. , Nohr Ellen A. , Oken Emily , Pizzi Costanza , Plusquin Michelle , Räikkönen Katri , Relton Caroline L. , Sharp Gemma C. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Sunyer Jordi , Vrijheid Martine , Zhang Weiming , Hivert Marie-France , Breton Carrie V.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE

Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring. Growing evidence suggests that the epigenome may play a role, but most previous studies have been small and adjusted for few covariates. The current study meta-analyzed the association between maternal GDM and cord blood DNA methylation in the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) consortium.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seven pregnancy cohorts (3,677 mother-newborn pairs [317 with GDM]) contributed results from epigenome-wide association studies, using DNA methylation data acquired by the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Associations between GDM and DNA methylation were examined using robust linear regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. Fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed using METAL. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified by taking the intersection of results obtained using two regional approaches: comb-p and DMRcate.

RESULTS

Two DMRs were identified by both comb-p and DMRcate. Both regions were hypomethylated in newborns exposed to GDM in utero compared with control subjects. One DMR (chr 1: 248100345–248100614) was located in the OR2L13 promoter, and the other (chr 10: 135341870–135342620) was located in the gene body of CYP2E1. Individual CpG analyses did not reveal any differentially methylated loci based on a false discovery rate–adjusted P value threshold of 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal GDM was associated with lower cord blood methylation levels within two regions, including the promoter of OR2L13, a gene associated with autism spectrum disorder, and the gene body of CYP2E1, which is upregulated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Future studies are needed to understand whether these associations are causal and possible health consequences.
High Concentration of Medium-Sized HDL Particles and Enrichment in HDL Paraoxonase 1 Associate With Protection From Vascular Complications in People With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Vaisar Tomas , Kanter Jenny E. , Wimberger Jake , Irwin Angela D. , Gauthier John , Wolfson Emily , Bahnam Vanessa , Wu I-Hsien , Shah Hetal , Keenan Hillary A. , Greenbaum Carla J. , King George L. , Heinecke Jay W. , Bornfeldt Karin E.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE

A subset of people with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) appears to be protected from microvascular and macrovascular complications. Previous studies have focused on improved abilities to respond to glucose and its downstream effects as protective mechanisms. It is unclear whether lipoproteins play a role in the vascular health of these people. We therefore determined whether HDL particle concentration, size, function, and/or protein composition associate with protection from vascular complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied two independent cross-sectional cohorts with T1D: the T1D Exchange Living Biobank (n = 47) and the Joslin Medalist Study (n = 100). Some of the subjects had vascular complications, whereas others never exhibited vascular complications, despite an average duration of diabetes in the cohorts of 45 years. We assessed HDL particle size and concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis, the HDL proteome by targeted mass spectrometry, and HDL function ex vivo by quantifying cholesterol efflux capacity and inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells.

RESULTS

In both cohorts, people without vascular complications exhibited significantly higher concentrations of medium-sized HDL particles (M-HDL) independently of total and HDL cholesterol levels. While no consistent differences in HDL functions were observed ex vivo, people without vascular complications had higher levels of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that inhibits atherosclerosis in animal models.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated concentrations of M-HDL particles and elevated levels of HDL-associated PON1 may contribute to long-term protection from the vascular complications of diabetes by pathways that are independent of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Reports of Lactic Acidosis Attributed to Metformin, 2015–2018
Authors: Flory James H. , Hennessy Sean , Bailey Clifford J. , Inzucchi Silvio E.
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE

In 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) revised metformin’s label to permit use in patients with mild-moderate chronic kidney disease. We sought to determine whether this change was associated with increased reports of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) to the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Publicly available FAERS reports were analyzed.

RESULTS

MALA reports increased from 521 in 2015 to 1,939 in 2018. After restriction to U.S. reports, absolute and relative increase in MALA reports was less, from 111 to 243. The proportionate reporting ratio (PRR), a measure adjusted for rates of other adverse event reports, was stable.

CONCLUSIONS

The increased reports deserve attention, but the PRR’s stability and FAERS’s known limitations, including lack of a denominator or control group, do not permit the conclusion that U.S. MALA rates have increased. Further study with more robust data sources is needed.
CONVERSANDO SOBRE UMA DIDÁTICA INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Carneiro Lislayne
Published: October 2019

RESUMO: O tema tratado neste artigo apresenta uma tentativa de responder o questionamento recorrente dos professores sobre como fazer a didática a partir dos fundamentos e princípios interdisciplinares. O assunto foi abordado com mais detalhes na pesquisa realizada durante a pós-graduação do doutorado. Tomando a pesquisa Interdisciplinar que sustentou a ação das novas atitudes foi possível instituir uma didática transformadora à prática nas aulas versando por um novo paradigma pedagógico para o Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública municipal de São Paulo com trinta e um alunos frequentes. O modelo que sustentou esta transformação possibilitou a intervenção educativa alicerçada no diálogo, um fundamento interdisciplinar, intensificado pelo movimento espiral na parceria construída entre os alunos e a pesquisadora. O conhecimento se tornou significativo para todos os envolvidos e a pesquisadora mudou a visão sobre a educação e a prática ao executar uma intervenção educacional para a conscientização do sujeito.
IaaS Cloud as a virtual environment for experimentation in checkpoint analysis
Authors: León Betzabeth , Gomez-Sanchez Pilar , Franco Daniel , Rexachs Dolores , Luque Emilio
Published: October 2019

Cloud Computing offers the possibility of computing resources, allowing remote access to software, storage and data processing through the Internet. Infrastructures as a Service (IaaS), it is a flexible space which can be used as an experimental environment, in which experiments can be carried out similar to a real environment, such as in a cluster can be carried out. Before making installations and changes in a production cluster or select resource in the cloud, it is important to analyze the impact of this change. For this reason we propose using the cloud to carry out the study of previous viability. In this paper, we observe the viability of using the cloud to analyze the behavior of the Checkpoint as one of the Fault Tolerance strategies, establishing the differences that exist in the information generated in a real environment (cluster) and a virtual environment (cloud). The results obtained show that due to the variability of the cloud, the impact on the benefits cannot be analyzed. However, the cloud is suitable for extracting the spatial and temporal behavior pattern of the checkpoint, which helps to characterize it and this will help us to know the right configuration and the development of methodologies and tools that simulate and predict the execution of the checkpoint in a real environment.