bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films
Authors: Bowman Alan R. , Rodríguez Echarri Alvaro , Kiani Fatemeh , Iyikanat Fadil , Tsoulos Ted V. , Cox Joel D. , Sundararaman Ravishankar , García de Abajo F. Javier , Tagliabue Giulia
Published: April 2024

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals, including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy applications. However, being weak in nature, metal luminescence remains poorly understood, its microscopic origin strongly debated, and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely unexploited. Here, we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold flakes. Specifically, we present experimental evidence, supported by first-principles simulations, to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin (i.e., radiative emission from electron/hole recombination) when exciting in the interband regime. Our model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is reduced. Excitingly, such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness, associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Fermi level. We qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling, thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this material. Our study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.
Electron beam lithography on nonplanar and irregular surfaces
Authors: Zhu Chenxu , Ekinci Huseyin , Pan Aixi , Cui Bo , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: April 2024

E-beam lithography is a powerful tool for generating nanostructures and fabricating nanodevices with fine features approaching a few nanometers in size. However, alternative approaches to conventional spin coating and development processes are required to optimize the lithography procedure on irregular surfaces. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in nanofabrication on irregular substrates using e-beam lithography. To overcome these challenges, unconventional methods have been developed. For instance, polymeric and nonpolymeric materials can be sprayed or evaporated to form uniform layers of electron-sensitive materials on irregular substrates. Moreover, chemical bonds can be applied to help form polymer brushes or self-assembled monolayers on these surfaces. In addition, thermal oxides can serve as resists, as the etching rate in solution changes after e-beam exposure. Furthermore, e-beam lithography tools can be combined with cryostages, evaporation systems, and metal deposition chambers for sample development and lift-off while maintaining low temperatures. Metallic nanopyramids can be fabricated on an AFM tip by utilizing ice as a positive resistor. Additionally, Ti/Au caps can be patterned around a carbon nanotube. Moreover, 3D nanostructures can be formed on irregular surfaces by exposing layers of anisole on organic ice surfaces with a focused e-beam. These advances in e-beam lithography on irregular substrates, including uniform film coating, instrumentation improvement, and new pattern transferring method development, substantially extend its capabilities in the fabrication and application of nanoscale structures.
Formation of a zirconium oxide crystal nucleus in the initial nucleation stage in aluminosilicate glass investigated by X-ray multiscale analysis
Authors: Onodera Yohei , Takimoto Yasuyuki , Hijiya Hiroyuki , Li Qing , Tajiri Hiroo , Ina Toshiaki , Kohara Shinji
Published: April 2024

Understanding the nucleation mechanism in glass is crucial for the development of new glass-ceramic materials. Herein, we report the structure of a commercially important glass-ceramic ZrO2-doped lithium aluminosilicate system during its initial nucleation stage. We conducted an X-ray multiscale analysis, and this analysis was used to observe the structure from the atomic to the nanometer scale by using diffraction, small-angle scattering, absorption, and anomalous scattering techniques. The inherent phase separation between the Zr-rich and Zr-poor regions in the pristine glass was enhanced by thermal treatment without changing the spatial geometry at the nanoscale. Element-specific pair distribution function analysis using anomalous X-ray scattering data showed the formation of a liquid ZrO2-like local structural motif and edge sharing between the ZrO
x
polyhedra and (Si/Al)O4 tetrahedra during the initial nucleation stage. Furthermore, the local structure of the Zr4+ ions resembled a cubic or tetragonal ZrO2 crystalline phase and formed after 2 h of annealing the pristine glass. Therefore, the Zr-centric periodic structure formed in the early stage of nucleation was potentially the initial crystal nucleus for the Zr-doped lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic.
Electrochemically controlled blinking of fluorophores for quantitative STORM imaging
Authors: Yang Ying , Ma Yuanqing , Berengut Jonathan F. , Lee Lawrence K. , Tilley Richard D. , Gaus Katharina , Gooding J. Justin
Published: April 2024

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) allows wide-field imaging with single-molecule resolution by calculating the coordinates of individual fluorophores from the separation of fluorophore emission in both time and space. Such separation is achieved by photoswitching the fluorophores between a long-lived OFF state and an emissive ON state. Although STORM can image single molecules, molecular counting remains challenging due to undercounting errors from photobleached or overlapping dyes and overcounting artefacts from the repetitive random blinking of dyes. Here we show that fluorophores can be electrochemically switched for STORM imaging (EC-STORM), with excellent control over the switching kinetics, duty cycle and recovery yield. Using EC-STORM, we demonstrate molecular counting by using electrochemical potential to control the photophysics of dyes. The random blinking of dyes is suppressed by a negative potential but the switching-ON event can be activated by a short positive-potential pulse, such that the frequency of ON events scales linearly with the number of underlying dyes. We also demonstrate EC-STORM of tubulin in fixed cells with a spatial resolution as low as ~28 nm and counting of single Alexa 647 fluorophores on various DNA nanoruler structures. This control over fluorophore switching will enable EC-STORM to be broadly applicable in super-resolution imaging and molecular counting.
Deep-learning model for evaluating histopathology of acute renal tubular injury
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Uyen , Nguyen Anh-Tien , Kim Hyeongwan , Jung Yu Jin , Park Woong , Kim Kyoung Min , Park Ilwoo , Kim Won
Published: April 2024

Tubular injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Histopathological diagnosis may help distinguish between the different types of acute kidney injury and aid in treatment. To date, a limited number of study has used deep-learning models to assist in the histopathological diagnosis of acute kidney injury. This study aimed to perform histopathological segmentation to identify the four structures of acute renal tubular injury using deep-learning models. A segmentation model was used to classify tubule-specific injuries following cisplatin treatment. A total of 45 whole-slide images with 400 generated patches were used in the segmentation model, and 27,478 annotations were created for four classes: glomerulus, healthy tubules, necrotic tubules, and tubules with casts. A segmentation model was developed using the DeepLabV3 architecture with a MobileNetv3-Large backbone to accurately identify the four histopathological structures associated with acute renal tubular injury in PAS-stained mouse samples. In the segmentation model for four structures, the highest Intersection over Union and the Dice coefficient were obtained for the segmentation of the “glomerulus” class, followed by “necrotic tubules,” “healthy tubules,” and “tubules with cast” classes. The overall performance of the segmentation algorithm for all classes in the test set included an Intersection over Union of 0.7968 and a Dice coefficient of 0.8772. The Dice scores for the glomerulus, healthy tubules, necrotic tubules, and tubules with cast are 91.78 ± 11.09, 87.37 ± 4.02, 88.08 ± 6.83, and 83.64 ± 20.39%, respectively. The utilization of deep learning in a predictive model has demonstrated promising performance in accurately identifying the degree of injured renal tubules. These results may provide new opportunities for the application of the proposed methods to evaluate renal pathology more effectively.
Robust identification of interactions between heat-stress responsive genes in the chicken brain using Bayesian networks and augmented expression data
Authors: Videla Rodriguez E. A. , Mitchell John B. O. , Smith V. Anne
Published: April 2024

Bayesian networks represent a useful tool to explore interactions within biological systems. The aims of this study were to identify a reduced number of genes associated with a stress condition in chickens (Gallus gallus) and to unravel their interactions by implementing a Bayesian network approach. Initially, one publicly available dataset (3 control vs. 3 heat-stressed chickens) was used to identify the stress signal, represented by 25 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The dataset was augmented by looking for the 25 DEGs in other four publicly available databases. Bayesian network algorithms were used to discover the informative relationships between the DEGs. Only ten out of the 25 DEGs displayed interactions. Four of them were Heat Shock Proteins that could be playing a key role, especially under stress conditions, where maintaining the correct functioning of the cell machinery might be crucial. One of the DEGs is an open reading frame whose function is yet unknown, highlighting the power of Bayesian networks in knowledge discovery. Identifying an initial stress signal, augmenting it by combining other databases, and finally learning the structure of Bayesian networks allowed us to find genes closely related to stress, with the possibility of further exploring the system in future studies.
Deep learning prediction of renal anomalies for prenatal ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Miguel Olivier X. , Kaczmarek Emily , Lee Inok , Ducharme Robin , Dingwall-Harvey Alysha L. J. , Rennicks White Ruth , Bonin Brigitte , Aviv Richard I. , Hawken Steven , Armour Christine M. , Dick Kevin , Walker Mark C.
Published: April 2024

Deep learning algorithms have demonstrated remarkable potential in clinical diagnostics, particularly in the field of medical imaging. In this study, we investigated the application of deep learning models in early detection of fetal kidney anomalies. To provide an enhanced interpretation of those models’ predictions, we proposed an adapted two-class representation and developed a multi-class model interpretation approach for problems with more than two labels and variable hierarchical grouping of labels. Additionally, we employed the explainable AI (XAI) visualization tools Grad-CAM and HiResCAM, to gain insights into model predictions and identify reasons for misclassifications. The study dataset consisted of 969 ultrasound images from unique patients; 646 control images and 323 cases of kidney anomalies, including 259 cases of unilateral urinary tract dilation and 64 cases of unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. The best performing model achieved a cross-validated area under the ROC curve of 91.28% ± 0.52%, with an overall accuracy of 84.03% ± 0.76%, sensitivity of 77.39% ± 1.99%, and specificity of 87.35% ± 1.28%. Our findings emphasize the potential of deep learning models in predicting kidney anomalies from limited prenatal ultrasound imagery. The proposed adaptations in model representation and interpretation represent a novel solution to multi-class prediction problems.
The impact of digital transformation on resource mismatch of Chinese listed companies
Authors: Wu Kedong , Liu Songzhu , Zhu Mengchun , Qu Yahui
Published: April 2024

Based on a microeconomic entity perspective, this paper empirically examines the effect of enterprise digitalization on resource mismatch. We found that, firstly, an increasing in enterprise digitalization reduces resource mismatch. Moreover, the results remain robust after considering endogeneity and changing the variable measurements. Secondly, enterprise digitalization can significantly reduce resource mismatch of private and large-scale enterprises and significantly contribute to reducing enterprise resource mismatch in low marketability regions and eastern regions. Thirdly, enterprise digital transformation can reduce resource mismatch by decreasing operating costs and financing constraints; Executive incentives can help reduce resource mismatch in the digital process of enterprises. Fourthly, the increase in enterprise digitalization contributes to an enhance in corporate social responsibility, and enterprise resource mismatch plays a mediating role in the relationship of enterprise digitalization development improving corporate social responsibility. Finally, in response to the findings of the study, the paper suggests countermeasures for regional and corporate countermeasures regarding digital development.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards enhanced recovery after surgery among colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Xu Peng , Li Da , Li Jian , Zhang Cheng
Published: April 2024

To explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This cross-sectional study included CRC patients who underwent selective operation at the author’s Hospital, between April 2021 and April 2023. Their demographic characteristics and KAP towards ERAS were collected using a self-designed questionnaire. A total of 652 valid questionnaires were collected, with knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of 37.29 ± 11.35 (possible range: 11–55), 39.51 ± 6.40 (possible range: 11–55), and 6.53 ± 2.21 (possible range: 0–8), respectively. A positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.291, P < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.292, P < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r = 0.363, P < 0.001). Structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that knowledge had a significant direct effect on attitude (β = 0.164, P < 0.001) and attitude had direct effect on practice (β = 0.099, P < 0.001), indicating an indirect effect of knowledge on practice. Attitude also had a direct effect on practice (β = 0.038, P < 0.001). CRC patients showed moderate knowledge and attitude, and proactive practice towards ERAS. Further improvement of knowledge may improve their attitude and practice, leading to better outcomes and quality of care among CRC patients.
Comparison of enjoyment and energy expenditure of exergame with and without blood flow restriction in men and women
Authors: Mousavi Zeynabalsadat , Karimi Zohreh , Wong Alexei , Cheraghloo Neda , Bagheri Hessan , Bagheri Reza
Published: April 2024

This study compared the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on intensity and perceived enjoyment during an exergame. Fourteen healthy young participants engaged in a boxing exergame for 20 min, with or without BFR, across two sessions. Perceived enjoyment levels were assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Heart rate was monitored, and energy expenditure (EE) during exercise was calculated. A mixed model analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to evaluate differences in EE and enjoyment between exergame conditions (with and without BFR) as well as the interaction effects of these protocols with gender. Although not statistically significant, perceived enjoyment decreased with BFR inclusion for both genders. No significant differences were observed between men and women for both protocols. Regarding EE, there was no significant difference between the two groups (with and without BFR). However, a significant main effect of gender was found, with men exhibiting higher EE values in both protocols compared to women. In conclusion, exergames incorporating BFR impact perceptual responses, particularly perceived enjoyment. Furthermore, significant gender differences in EE were found, with men displaying higher values.
Narazaciclib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against CSF1R, FLT3 and CDK6, shows strong anti-AML activity in defined preclinical models
Authors: Yang Tao , Ke Hang , Liu Jinping , An Xiaoyu , Xue Jia , Ning Jinying , Hao Feng , Xiong Lingxin , Chen Cen , Wang Yueying , Zheng Jia , Gao Bing , Bao Zhengzheng , Gong Kefeng , Zhang Lei , Zhang Faming , Guo Sheng , Li Qi-Xiang
Published: April 2024

CSF1R is a receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for the growth/survival/polarization of macrophages and overexpressed in some AML patients. We hypothesized that a novel multi-kinase inhibitor (TKi), narazaciclib (HX301/ON123300), with high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), would have anti-AML effects. We tested this by confirming HX301’s high potency against CSF1R (IC50 ~ 0.285 nM), as well as other kinases, e.g. FLT3 (IC50 of ~ 19.77 nM) and CDK6 (0.53 nM). An in vitro proliferation assay showed that narazaciclib has a high growth inhibitory effect in cell cultures where CSF1R or mutant FLT3-ITD variants that may be proliferation drivers, including primary macrophages (IC50 of 72.5 nM) and a subset of AML lines (IC50 < 1.5 μM). In vivo pharmacology modeling of narazaciclib using five AML xenografts resulted in: inhibition of MV4-11 (FLT3-ITD) subcutaneous tumor growth and complete suppression of AM7577-PDX (FLT3-ITD/CSF1Rmed) systemic growth, likely due to the suppression of FLT3-ITD activity; complete suppression of AM8096-PDX (CSF1Rhi/wild-type FLT3) growth, likely due to the inhibition of CSF1R (“a putative driver”); and nonresponse of both AM5512-PDX and AM7407-PDX (wild-type FLT3/CSF1Rlo). Significant leukemia load reductions in bone marrow, where disease originated, were also achieved in both responders (AM7577/AM8096), implicating that HX301 might be a potentially more effective therapy than those only affecting peripheral leukemic cells. Altogether, narazaciclib can potentially be a candidate treatment for a subset of AML with CSF1Rhi and/or mutant FLT3-ITD variants, particularly second generation FLT3 inhibitor resistant variants.
Differences in diacylglycerol acyltransferases expression patterns and regulation cause distinct hepatic triglyceride deposition in fish
Authors: Xiang Xiaojun , Ji Renlei , Han Shangzhe , Xu Xiang , Zhu Si , Li Yongnan , Du Jianlong , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui
Published: April 2024

Triglyceride (TAG) deposition in the liver is associated with metabolic disorders. In lower vertebrate, the propensity to accumulate hepatic TAG varies widely among fish species. Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2) are major enzymes for TAG synthesis. Here we show that large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) has significantly higher hepatic TAG level than that in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with same diet. Hepatic expression of DGATs genes in croaker is markedly higher compared with trout under physiological condition. Meanwhile, DGAT1 and DGAT2 in both croaker and trout are required for TAG synthesis and lipid droplet formation in vitro. Furthermore, oleic acid treatment increases DGAT1 expression in croaker hepatocytes rather than in trout and has no significant difference in DGAT2 expression in two fish species. Finally, effects of various transcription factors on croaker and trout DGAT1 promoter are studied. We find that DGAT1 is a target gene of the transcription factor CREBH in croaker rather than in trout. Overall, hepatic expression and transcriptional regulation of DGATs display significant species differences between croaker and trout with distinct hepatic triglyceride deposition, which bring new perspectives on the use of fish models for studying hepatic TAG deposition.
Single-cell transcriptomics unveil profiles and interplay of immune subsets in rare autoimmune childhood Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Kim Myung-Chul , De Umasankar , Borcherding Nicholas , Wang Lei , Paek Joon , Bhattacharyya Indraneel , Yu Qing , Kolb Ryan , Drashansky Theodore , Thatayatikom Akaluck , Zhang Weizhou , Cha Seunghee
Published: April 2024

Childhood Sjögren’s disease represents critically unmet medical needs due to a complete lack of immunological and molecular characterizations. This study presents key immune cell subsets and their interactions in the periphery in childhood Sjögren’s disease. Here we show that single-cell RNA sequencing identifies the subsets of IFN gene-enriched monocytes, CD4+ T effector memory, and XCL1+ NK cells as potential key players in childhood Sjögren’s disease, and especially in those with recurrent parotitis, which is the chief symptom prompting clinical visits from young children. A unique cluster of monocytes with type I and II IFN-related genes is identified in childhood Sjögren’s disease, compared to the age-matched control. In vitro regulatory T cell functional assay demonstrates intact functionality in childhood Sjögren’s disease in contrast to reduced suppression in adult Sjögren’s disease. Mapping this transcriptomic landscape and interplay of immune cell subsets will expedite the understanding of childhood Sjögren’s disease pathogenesis and set the foundation for precision medicine.
Mainstreaming systematic climate action in energy infrastructure to support the sustainable development goals
Authors: Wernersson Louise , Román Simon , Fuso Nerini Francesco , Mutyaba Robert , Stratton-Short Samantha , Adshead Daniel
Published: April 2024

The energy sector is the largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 37% of the world’s combined emissions, and plays a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is no systematic means for planners and practitioners to integrate climate considerations throughout the lifecycle of energy infrastructure projects. Using a thematic document analysis, we provide a comprehensive list of activities related to climate mitigation and adaptation which can be systematically mainstreamed into the energy sector project lifecycle to support a range of sustainable development outcomes. Two renewable energy projects were used to integrate the results into a practical context and demonstrate the range of potential SDG target synergies. The case studies demonstrate the varied means by which climate action can be integrated through mainstreaming in project lifecycle stages, holistically achieving wider SDG impacts. This work provides a practical means to maximise progress within the framework of climate-compatible development.
Applications of hydrogels in tissue-engineered repairing of temporomandibular joint diseases
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liu Fushuang , Wang Tianyi , He Yikai , Guo Yongwen
Published: April 2024

Epidemiological studies reveal that symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) occur in 60–70% of adults.
All-printed organic photodetectors with metal electrodes enabled by one-step solvent-mediated transfer printing technology
Authors: Zhou Pengchao , Gu Jialu , Fan Lei , Ma Jipeng , Lian Hong , Shi Wei , Wei Bin
Published: April 2024

A one-step solvent-mediated transfer printing technology (sTPT) is proposed to fabricate printable silver (Ag) electrodes.
Use of benzothiophene ring to improve the photovoltaic efficacy of cyanopyridinone-based organic chromophores: a DFT study
Authors: Shafiq Iqra , Khalid Muhammad , Maria Gul , Raza Nadeem , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Bullo Saifullah , Khairy Mohamed
Published: April 2024

The benzothiophene based chromophores (A1D1–A1D5) with A–π–A configuration were designed via end-capped tailoring with benzothiophene type acceptors using reference compound (A1R).
Novel supramolecular luminescent metallogels containing Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid gelator: advancing semiconductor applications in microelectronic devices
Authors: Dhibar Subhendu , Mohan Aiswarya , Karmakar Kripasindhu , Mondal Bijnaneswar , Roy Arpita , Babu Saranya , Garg Parul , Ruidas Pradip , Bhattacharjee Subham , Roy Sanjay , Bera Ashok , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Predeep Padmanabhan , Saha Bidyut
Published: April 2024

Supramolecular metallogels with Tb(iii)- and Eu(iii)-ions, formed using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, display remarkable stability at room temperature. They hold promise for use in electronics, notably as reliable ambient Schottky barrier diodes.
Modes of technology integration in chemistry teaching: theory and practice
Authors: Aroch Itsik , Katchevich Dvora , Blonder Ron
Published: April 2024

The rise of digital technologies since the second half of the 20th century has transformed every aspect of our lives and has had an ongoing effect even on one of the most conservative fields, education, including chemistry education. During the Covid-19 pandemic, chemistry teachers around the world were forced to teach remotely. This situation provided the authors with an opportunity to investigate how chemistry teachers integrate technology into their teaching, compared with how the research literature suggests that it is done. The theoretical framework used in this explorative qualitative study involves chemistry teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK). In particular, the study focused on different modes of technology integration (MOTIs) in chemistry teaching, which is a part of the teachers’ TPACK. In the first stage, five expert chemistry teachers were interviewed so that they could share their extensive experience with technology during online chemistry teaching. Analysis of their interviews revealed that the teachers applied 7 MOTIs in their chemistry teaching. Of these MOTIs, 4 were reported in the chemistry teaching literature: (1) using digital tools for visualization, (2) using open digital databases, (3) using computational methods, and (4) using virtual laboratories and videos of chemical experiments. In addition, the interviews revealed three new MOTIs in chemistry teaching not previously reported: (5) supporting multi-level representations, (6) enabling outreach of chemistry research, and (7) presenting chemistry in everyday life phenomena. In the second research stage, we collected the perspectives of other chemistry teachers (N= 22) regarding the 7 MOTIs. This stage enabled us to validate the findings of the first stage on a wider population and provided data to rate the importance of the seven different MOTIs according to the teachers. We wish to stress that understanding the MOTIs will not only enrich teachers’ theoretical knowledge base regarding integrating technology into chemistry teaching—it will also contribute to chemistry teachers' preparation and professional development programs.
An electrically conducting 3D coronene-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Schönherr Marina I. , Scheurle Patricia I. , Frey Laura , Martínez-Abadía Marta , Döblinger Markus , Mähringer Andre , Fehn Dominik , Gerhards Lena , Santourian Irina , Schirmacher Alfred , Quast Tatjana , Wittstock Gunther , Bein Thomas , Meyer Karsten , Mateo-Alonso Aurelio , Medina Dana D.
Published: April 2024

A novel electrically conducting cubic mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), consisting of hexahydroxy-cata-hexabenzocoronene (c-HBC) and FeIII ions is presented.
The preparation of a boronate affinity-based controlled oriented imprinting coating on a silica nanoparticle surface for the separation and purification of shikimic acid in herbal medicine
Authors: Yang Yumin , Li Daojin , Liu Bingqian
Published: April 2024

Shikimic acid (SA) is one of the most effective drugs against the A (H1N1) virus and has high medicinal value.
Proximity hybridization based “turn-on” DNA tweezers for accurate and enzyme-free small extracellular vesicle analysis
Authors: Wu Jinlin , Mei Xi , Zhan Xiaoqin , Liu Fang , Liu Dongfang
Published: April 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a type of extracellular vesicle that carries many types of molecular information.
Beyond nanoparticle-based oral drug delivery: transporter-mediated absorption and disease targeting
Authors: Cho Hana , Huh Kang Moo , Cho Hyun Ji , Kim Bogeon , Shim Min Suk , Cho Yong-Yeon , Lee Joo Young , Lee Hye Suk , Kwon Young Jik , Kang Han Chang
Published: April 2024

GI transporter/receptor-mediated nanosized drug delivery systems could improve oral absorption and further target organs or diseases for effective therapeutic outcomes.
Dynamic heterostructure design of MnO2 for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Xiaoru , Zhang Feng , Li Houzhen , Dong Huitong , Yan Chuncheng , Meng Chao , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Guo Yu-Guo , Wang Shuhua
Published: April 2024

Bi12.53Mn0.47O19.85 (BiO), acting as a metal ion reservoir, can supply Bi3+ to R-MnO2in situ to form Bi2Mn4O10 (BMO) during cycling, resulting in dynamic transformation from the BiO/MnO2 heterostructure to the BMO/MnO2 heterostructure.
Asymmetric microfiber actuators with reciprocal deformation
Authors: Lu Yuhang , Wang Shiyu , Zhu Pingan
Published: April 2024

Asymmetric microfiber actuators, composed of a hydrophilic shell encapsulating hydrophobic microparticles, are engineered to undergo reciprocal deformations by hygroscopic actuation, precisely fabricated through droplet microfluidics technology.
Development of a methodology for analyzing nanometer-sized iron oxide by the single particle ICP-MS technique
Authors: Boutry Marie , Mistral Jules , Oliveira Paula , Baskali-Bouregaa Nadia , Bessueille-Barbier Frédérique , Gilon Nicole , Ladavière Catherine , Ayouni-Derouiche Linda
Published: April 2024

Nanometer-sized IONP suspensions can be characterized with reliability by the SP ICP-MS technique by following the methodology optimized herein.
A highly simple and controllable nitrogen-doping method for carbon-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates
Authors: Marumi Machiko , Tang Xuke , Kesava Rao V. , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Kulkarni Manish M. , Dwivedi Prabhat K. , Lisi Fabio , Kitahama Yasutaka , Xiao Ting-Hui , Goda Keisuke
Published: April 2024

We controlled N doping and expansion of the conjugated system in polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based SERS substrates by varying the pyrolysis temperature.
Atomic scale quantum anomalous hall effect in monolayer graphene/MnBi2Te4 heterostructure
Authors: Yao Yueh-Ting , Xu Su-Yang , Chang Tay-Rong
Published: April 2024

The quantum anomalous Hall effect in graphene, predicted by first-principles calculations, is induced by the proximity effect of a magnetic topological insulator. Our model further reveals a rich phase diagram in graphene/MnBi2Te4 heterostructures.
Mechanochemical synthesis of bismuth active pharmaceutical ingredients, bismuth(iii) gallate and bismuth citrate
Authors: Szczerba Daniel , Do Jean-Louis , Tan Davin , Titi Hatem M. , Geoffroy Nicolas , Lucas María del Carmen Marco de , Boudon Julien , Halasz Ivan , Friščić Tomislav , Kimber Simon A. J.
Published: April 2024

Organobismuth compounds have been known for centuries as substances of medical interest, and continue to be used in medicine today.
Efficient cationic dye removal from water through Arachis hypogaea skin-derived carbon nanospheres: a rapid and sustainable approach
Authors: Sharma Aman , Shivanna Jyothi Mannekote , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Hegde Gurumurthy
Published: April 2024

Arachis hypogaea skin-derived carbon nanospheres as an efficient adsorbent for the rapid removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions up to 98% removal efficiency within 2 min.
Enhancement of drug permeation across skin through stratum corneum ablation
Authors: Abdoh Ayyah , Liu David , Mohammed Yousuf
Published: April 2024

Stratum corneum (SC) ablation presents a promising strategy to enhance transdermal drug delivery (TDD) by temporary removing the skin's outermost barrier facilitating improved absorption of therapeutic agents.
Synthesis of megadalton stereoregular ring-substituted poly(phenylacetylene)s by a rhodium(i) catalyst with a N-functionalized hemilabile phosphine ligand
Authors: Angoy Marta , Jiménez M. Victoria , Vispe Eugenio , Pérez-Torrente Jesús J.
Published: April 2024

The compound [Rh(nbd){κ2P,N-Ph2P(CH2)3NMe2}][BF4] efficiently catalyzes the polymerization of ring-substituted phenylacetylenes to give highly stereoregular megadalton and ultra-high molecular weight polymers with moderate dispersity.
An unprecedented {Y2⊂Y10} type disk-like Y12 nanocluster featuring electroluminescence property in OLED device
Authors: Shi Lin-Ping , Li Wen-Liang , Wang Pu-Yue , Wu Xiao-Ming , Yao Zhao-Quan , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Fu-Chen
Published: April 2024

An unprecedented disk-like Y12 cluster with unique Y2⊂Y10 type structure was achieved successfully, which is the largest non-brucite type disk-like RE cluster and exhibits obvious electroluminescence performance in OLED device.
Fabrication of MoS2/rGO hybrids as electrocatalyst for water splitting applications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Noor Tayyaba , Pervaiz Erum , Iqbal Naseem , Zaman Neelam
Published: April 2024

Environmental degradation and energy constraint are important risks to long-term sustainability in the modern world.
The untold story of starch as a catalyst for organic reactions
Authors: Sadeghi Masoud
Published: April 2024

Starch as catalyst for organic reactions.
Confined microemulsions: pore diameter induced change of the phase behavior
Authors: Haverkamp René , Dahl Margarethe , Stank Tim Julian , Hübner Jessica , Strasser Peter , Wellert Stefan , Hellweg Thomas
Published: April 2024

Possible temperature-dependent structure of the microemulsion within the pores of controlled pore glasses. Small pore sizes seem to affect the temperature-dependent phase behavior of the microemulsion.
Innovative surfactant-free synthesis of core–shell SiO2/ZnO particles: rapid ultrasonication and photocatalytic inhibition
Authors: Qomariyah Lailatul , Hirano Tomoyuki , Putra Nicky Rahmana , Suprapto Suprapto , Ajiz Hendrix Abdul , Fauziyah Mar'atul
Published: April 2024

This study demonstrates the preparation of SiO2/ZnO core–shell nanoparticles with controllable shell size and their optical properties.
Insoluble low-impedance organic battery cathode enabled by graphite grafting towards potassium storage
Authors: Sun Xiaolei , Yi Xianhui , Fan Ling , Lu Bingan
Published: April 2024

Insoluble polymerized organic electrode is developed and wrapped in graphite sheets, which possesses low-impedance and realized a cycling life of over 1500 cycles. This work provides insights for exploring high-performance organic cathodes.
Application of cold-adapted microbial agents in soil contaminate remediation: biodegradation mechanisms, case studies, and safety assessments
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Wen Yujuan , Fang Zheng , Yang Wenqi , Song Xiaoming
Published: April 2024

Analyzed the microorganisms cold-adapted mechanism, and summarized the degradation pathway of nitro-aromatic compounds. Evaluated safety of microbial agents according to the existing application restoration cases under freeze-thaw cycles condition.
Effect of defect-healing treatment on layered silicate precursors toward well-defined crosslinked frameworks
Authors: Ito Yoshiaki , Nayuki Keiichiro , Sasaki Yukichi , Wakihara Toru , Okubo Tatsuya , Iyoki Kenta
Published: April 2024

A defect-healed layered precursor of FER-type zeolite exhibited enhanced iron atom insertion in more homogeneous environments.
Design, synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of tetrahydro-β-carboline histone deacetylase inhibitors bearing an aliphatic chain linker
Authors: Shi Jing , Wang Jiayun , Wang Xingjie , Qu Chao , Ye Changchun , Li Xiuli , Chen Xin , Xu Zhengshui
Published: April 2024

The use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is an effective approach for cancer treatment.
Boron-containing helicenes as new generation of chiral materials: opportunities and challenges of leaving the flatland
Authors: Nowak-Król Agnieszka , Geppert Patrick T. , Naveen Kenkera Rayappa
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in synthesis have opened the way to a variety of boron helicenes. We highlight the main achievements in the synthesis of these chiral compounds and discuss their photophysical properties and potential as functional materials.
From batch to flow: the effect of pH, current, and the crystal facets of Cu2O on electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: van der Veer Mathias , Daems Nick , Cool Pegie , Breugelmans Tom
Published: April 2024

The electrochemical CO2 reduction, on various Cu2O crystal facets, was studied in a flow electrolyzer. The influence of pH, and current was optimised and a long-term stability measurement highlights the issue of GDE flooding.
Words Matter: Reframing Communication Sciences and Disorders Programs' Thinking About Adolescents
Authors: Nellenbach Kristin , Knight Carrie , Jennings Bailey
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate language development and disorders course titles across communication sciences and disorders (CSD) graduate programs in an effort to determine whether adolescents were specifically being recognized via inclusive language or dedicated courses. The findings can be used to propel important discussions about the need for inclusive course titles, inform initial directions for improvements in preprofessional education, and guide broader changes in the discipline, especially for the adolescent population.

Method:

A review of accredited CSD graduate programs across the United States was conducted using the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association EdFind database. A total of 298 master's-level CSD programs were used for this study. CSD course titles located in each of the university's graduate catalogs were documented, categorized, and reviewed by the research team.

Results:

Of the 298 CSD graduate programs reviewed, one in eight specifically included the word “adolescent(s)” or “adolescence” in the titles of their language development and disorders courses. Remarkably, only four adolescent-focused courses, two of which were listed as electives, were offered across all reviewed programs. A post hoc analysis of the language used in course titling revealed that 42 titles used inclusive terminology.

Conclusions:

Adolescents are developmentally distinct from children, yet a majority of CSD graduate programs used ambiguous or exclusive words in the titles of their language development and disorders courses. The unintentional failure to recognize this important difference in course titles may be contributing to the ongoing neglect of adolescents within the field. Reframing collective thinking is required for change. Reasons and suggestions for including adolescents in course titles and separate offerings are provided to assist CSD graduate programs in leading the way toward improving equity for adolescents.
Beyond Sounds: Decoding Speech Errors and Phonological Awareness in Preschoolers
Authors: Brosseau-Lapré Françoise , Roepke Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the phonological awareness (PA) skills of children with speech sound disorders (SSD) and the relationships between types of speech errors and strengths and weaknesses in PA.

Method:

Through three case studies, we demonstrate the heterogeneous speech and preliteracy skills of preschoolers with SSD.

Results:

Children who produce more atypical and omission errors are more likely to present with PA deficits. However, some children who produce mostly substitution errors nonetheless present with weaknesses in PA, as do many children with resolved speech production difficulties.

Conclusions:

The high prevalence of PA difficulties in children with SSD, or in children who presented with SSD at a younger age, provides an important opportunity for speech-language pathologists to assess preliteracy skills and provide targeted intervention for phonological processing needs to facilitate later literacy acquisition. Guidelines for assessing preschoolers with SSD are provided.
Modelling prevalence development in a population group exposed to vibration, and noise: Application to hand-transmitted vibration
Authors: Scholz Magdalena F. , Brammer Anthony J. , Marburg Steffen
Published: April 2024

An invertible, generalisable population model for the time course of the prevalence of a health effect resulting from habitual exposure to a physical agent, such as vibration, and noise, is proposed. The model includes a time-dependent factor representing the daily exposure, expfac(t), applied to a polynomial fit of prevalence-time data recorded in a population group and one additional numerical parameter,
a'1,
to adjust the model for exposure-specific conditions. A model is constructed for the prevalence of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) to confirm and validate its performance. A 4th-order polynomial fits representative data recorded in a population group from the commencement of exposure. Using the same polynomial coefficients and solely adjusting expfac(t) enables the model to fit period prevalence data for VWF from all available population groups as a function of time. Adjusting a'1 enables the model to predict the point prevalence. If expfac(t) is specified in terms of the daily 8-h, energy-equivalent, frequency-weighted triaxial acceleration, the prevalences observed in different populations groups can be interrelated and interpolated to a common value (e.g., 10%) by inverting the model. This will enable tolerable daily exposures suitable for occupational environments to be defined for hand-transmitted vibration.
The impact of new technologies on the iron ore screening flowsheet
Authors: Andrade Alexandre Gonçalves , Beaudin Steve , Tremblay Eric , Šmilauer Václav
Published: April 2024

The iron ore screening process plays a pivotal role in determining the dimensions of pellets that enter the firing process of a pelletizing plant. The particle size distribution resulting from this process significantly influences the gas flow permeability within the induration furnace. This paper investigates the latest developments in screening technology, highlighting advancements that contribute to elevated levels of screening efficiency and enhanced plant productivity. The discussion turns around how these technological innovations pave the way for achieving the objective of producing high-quality iron ore pellets with minimal energy consumption, thereby improving the overall performance of the plant. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of the screening process flowsheet, encompassing these cutting-edge technologies, associated process parameters, and benefits quantified through DEM simulations. Moreover, it examines the consequential impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, providing a holistic perspective on the environmental implications of these advancements.
Enhancing testing cell set efficiency: A machine learning approach on hard disk drive data
Authors: Rakcheep Maneerat , Laosakun Metinan , Khaengkarn Sorada , Srisertpol Jiraphon
Published: April 2024

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) products undergo meticulous testing procedures to ensure their functionality prior to customer distribution. Nevertheless, anomalies can arise within the testing environment due to various factors, such as an increased number of media discs, leading to heightened current consumption by the spindle motor, and the frequent insertion and removal of HDDs during testing. These factors can induce malfunctions within the testing cell, which are identified by the tester's program. This study leverages diverse data measurements collected from tester HDDs within the testing cell to predict the status of the testing cell itself. Five distinct algorithms—Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Ridge Classifier CV (RCCV), Extra-Tree Classifier (ETC), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)—were assessed. The research underscores that the proposed methodology, particularly utilizing XGBoost, achieves a notable prediction accuracy of 87.9% when applied to real datasets.
Measurement of some natural radioactive isotopes concentrations in soil samples in the northern part of West Bank − Palestine
Authors: Thabayneh K.M. , Shawamreh R.J.
Published: April 2024

In this specific study, the concentration of radon, radium content, and annual effective dose were meticulously measured and calculated utilizing solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). The research was centered on soil samples extracted from diverse locations in the northern regions of the West Bank, Palestine. A comprehensive set of 40 soil samples was systematically collected from Tulkarm, Jenin, and Tubas Governorates. The average concentrations of 222Rn and 226Ra in Tulkarm, Jenin, and Tubas governorates were found to be 505.2 Bq/m3 and 22.0 Bq/kg; 528.4 Bq/m3 and 23.1 Bq/kg; and 515.3 Bq/m3 and 22.5 Bq/kg, respectively. Calculating the overall total average effective dose for these governorates yielded values of 17.5, 18.3, and 17.8 mSv/year, respectively. These values slightly exceed the action levels (3–10 mSv/year) recommended by ICRP-1993. It’s noteworthy that the measurements established in this study provide a foundational database of activity levels, serving as a reference for future studies assessing the potential impacts of events to come.
Effekte des Skills-Trainings der Dialektisch-Behavioralen Therapie
(DBT) bei Depressionen und Angststörungen – Eine praxisorientierte
Pilotstudie
Authors: Wucherpfennig Felix , Eggert Patricia
Published: April 2024

Ziel der Studie Das Skills-Training als integraler Bestandteil der
Dialektisch Behavioralen Therapie (DBT) weist eine hohe Effektivität in der
Behandlung der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung auf. Zunehmend richtet sich das
Forschungsinteresse auf die transdiagnostische Wirkung des Trainings bei
Depression und Angststörungen. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde untersucht,
inwiefern sich die Befunde qualitativ hochwertiger randomisiert-kontrollierter
Studien auf den klinischen Alltag übertragen lassen.

Methodik N=26 Patient*innen ohne Achse II Persönlichkeitsstörungen wurden
teilstationär über einen Zeitraum von acht Wochen behandelt. In der
Kontrollgruppe (KG) erhielten 11 Patient*innen eine multimodale
Verhaltenstherapie und in der Experimentalgruppe (EG) erhielten 15 Patient*innen
zusätzlich zur multimodalen Verhaltenstherapie ein wöchentliches
Skills-Training. Längsschnittlich zu drei Messzeitpunkten wurde die
Symptombelastung, sowie Fertigkeiten der Emotionsregulation und Achtsamkeit
erfasst. Mit Hilfe von Mehrebenenanalysen wurde untersucht, ob sich additive
Effekte durch das Skills-Training identifizieren lassen.

Ergebnisse Die EG war der KG deskriptiv in allen Endpunkten überlegen. Die
Effektstärken waren vergleichbar mit jenen aus der experimentellen Forschung.
Eine Verbesserung der Achtsamkeit korrelierte signifikant mit einer Verringerung
der Symptombelastung.

Diskussion Die Befunde ordnen sich in vorangegangene Forschungsbemühungen
ein und ergänzen diese um eine praxisorientierte Forschungsperspektive. Vor- und
Nachteil der experiementellen und naturalistischen Forschung werden diskutiert
und relevante Limitationen der vorliegenden Studie herausgestellt.

Schlussfolgerung Das Skills-Training als etabliertes, flexibel
einsetzbares, modulares Therapieprogramm eignet sich hervorragend, um
transdiagnostisch die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Patient*innen zu verbessern.