bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Modeling Techniques for Micromagnetic Systems
Authors: Jalil M. B. A. , Tan S. G. , Cheng X. Z.
Published: April 2020

We present a review of micromagnetic and magnetotransport modeling methods which go beyond the standard model. We first give a brief overview of the standard micromagnetic model, which for (i) the steady-state (equilibrium) solution is based on the minimization of the free energy functional,
and for (ii) the dynamical solution, relies on the numerical solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. We present three complements to the standard model, i.e., (i) magnetotransport calculations based on ohmic conduction in the presence of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR)
effect, (ii) magnetotransport calculations based on spin-dependent tunneling in the presence of single charge tunneling (Coulomb blockade) effect, and (iii) stochastic micromagnetics, which incorporates the effects of thermal fluctuations via a white-noise thermal field in the LLGequation.
All three complements are of practical importance: (i) magnetotransport model either in the ohmic or tunneling transport regimes, enables the conversion of the micromagnetic results to the measurable quantity of magnetoresistance ratio, while (ii) stochastic modeling is essential as the dimensions
of the micromagnetic system reduces to the deep submicron regime and approaches the superparamagnetic limit.
Free Dermal Fat Graft for Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects in the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Issa Sabah Abdul-Aziz , Jameel Mustafa Emaduldeen
Published: April 2020

Study Design:

Facial contour deformities are a very challenging issue for aesthetic and reconstructive surgeons. Free dermal fat graft is a composite graft used for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the maxillofacial region. The free dermal fat graft is easily adapted and contoured intraoperatively and provides a soft, natural, and favorable appearance after augmentation of the soft tissue defects.

Objective:

To assess the use of free dermal fat graft for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the maxillofacial region in regard to graft success, percentage of overcorrection, any associated complications, and cone beam computed tomography scan linear measurements for defect’s depth.

Methods:

This is a prospective study that included a patients were grafted with free dermal fat graft for correction of facial soft tissue defects from November 2017 to July 2019. All patients possess a depression defect and facial asymmetry due to congenital facial deformities, post-traumatic deformities, and post-ablative surgical deformities.

Results:

Eleven patients (8 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 33.7 years were enrolled in this study. Five regions in the maxillofacial area were grafted in 11 patients. The mean of the postoperative follow-up was 6 months. The percentage of graft overcorrection was 15%. The mean for graft survival was 94.4% with no serious complications reported.

Conclusions:

The autologous FDFG is a versatile and less invasive method in the reconstruction of facial soft tissue defects with a very good survival rate.
The politics and practice of initiating a public health postgraduate programme in three universities in sub-Saharan Africa: the challenges of alignment and coherence
Authors: Amde Woldekidan Kifle , Sanders David , Sidat Mohsin , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Haile-Mariam Damen , Lehmann Uta
Published: April 2020

Background

In-country postgraduate training programme in low and middle income countries are widely considered to strengthen institutional and national capacity. There exists dearth of research about how new training initiatives in public health training institutions come about. This paper examines a south-south collaborative initiative wherein three universities based in Ethiopia, Rwanda and Mozambique set out to develop a local based postgraduate programme on health workforce development/management through partnership with a university in South Africa.

Methods

We used a qualitative case study design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 36 key informants, who were purposively recruited based on their association or proximity to the programme, and their involvement in the development, review, approval and implementation of the programme. We gathered supplementary data through document reviews and observation. Thematic analysis was used and themes were generated inductively from the data and deductively from literature on capacity development.

Results

University A successfully initiated a postgraduate training programme in health workforce development/management. University B and C faced multiple challenges to embed the programme. It was evident that multiple actors underpin programme introduction across institutions, characterized by contestations over issues of programme feasibility, relevance, or need. A daunting challenge in this regard is establishing coherence between health ministries’ expectation to roll out training programmes that meet national health priorities and ensure sustainability, and universities and academics’ expectations for investment or financial incentive. Programme champions, located in the universities, can be key actors in building such coherence, if they are committed and received sustained support. The south-south initiative also suffers from lack of long term and adequate support.

Conclusions

Against the background of very limited human capacity and competition for this capacity, initiating the postgraduate programme on health workforce development/management proved to be a political as much as a technical undertaking influenced by multiple actors vying for recognition or benefits, and influence over issues of programme feasibility, relevance or need. Critical in the success of the initiative was alignment and coherence among actors, health ministries and universities in particular, and how well programme champions are able to garner support for and ownership of programme locally. The paper argues that coherence and alignment are crucial to embed programmes, yet hard to achieve when capacity and resources are limited and contested.
Correction to: Occurrence of mental illness following prenatal and early childhood exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aschengrau Ann , Weinberg Janice M. , Janulewicz Patricia A. , Romano Megan E. , Gallagher Lisa G. , Winter Michael R. , Martin Brett R. , Vieira Veronica M. , Webster Thomas F. , White Roberta F. , Ozonoff David M.
Published: April 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that, because of a programming error, incorrect sentences and incorrect Table 3 has been published. The correct sentences and Table 3 are shown below.
Nasal delivery of a CRMP2-derived CBD3 adenovirus improves cognitive function and pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Qi Baochang , Yang Yu , Cheng Yingying , Sun Di , Wang Xu , Khanna Rajesh , Ju Weina
Published: April 2020

Calcium dysregulation is a key pathological event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In studying approaches to mitigate this calcium overload, we identified the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), an axonal guidance protein that participates in synapse dynamics by interacting with and regulating activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). We further identified a 15 amino acid peptide from CRMP2 (designated CBD3, for calcium-binding domain 3), that reduced NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx in cultured neurons and post-synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents in cortical slices. Whether targeting CRMP2 could be therapeutically beneficial in AD is unknown. Here, using CBD3, we tested the utility of this approach. Employing the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD which demonstrates robust pathophysiology including Aβ1–42 deposition, altered tau levels, and diminished cognitive functions, we asked if overexpression of CBD3 could rescue these events. CBD3 was engineered into an adeno-associated vector and nasally delivered into APP/PS1 mice and then biochemical (immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting), cellular (TUNEL apoptosis assays), and behavioral (Morris water maze test) assessments were performed. APP/PS1 mice administered adeno-associated virus (AAV, serotype 2) harboring CBD3 demonstrated: (i) reduced levels of Aβ1–42 and phosphorylated-tau (a marker of AD progression), (ii) reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus, and (iii) reduced cognitive decline compared with APP/PS1 mice or APP/PS1 administered a control virus. These results provide an instructive example of utilizing a peptide-based approach to unravel protein-protein interactions that are necessary for AD pathology and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CRMP2 as a novel protein player in AD.
Methods for safety and endpoint ascertainment: identification of adverse events through scrutiny of negatively adjudicated events
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Haque Ghazala , Thomas Betsy , Stone Allegra E. , Perkins Lynn M. , Wilson Matthew , Jones W. Schuyler , Melloni Chiara , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Alexander Karen P. , Lopes Renato D.
Published: April 2020

Background

The primary goal of phase 2 and 3 clinical trials is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and efficient and reproducible ascertainment of important clinical events, either as clinical outcome events (COEs) or adverse events (AEs), is critical. Clinical outcomes require consistency and clinical judgment, so these events are often adjudicated centrally by clinical events classification (CEC) physician reviewers using standardized definitions. In contrast, AEs are reported by sites to the trial coordinating center based on common reporting criteria set by regulatory authorities and trial sponsors. These different requirements have led to the development of separate tracks for COE and AE review.

Main body

Potential COEs that fail to meet standardized definitions for CEC adjudication – i.e. negatively adjudicated events (NAE) – may meet criteria for AEs. Trial oversight practices require the sponsor to process AEs regardless of how the AEs are submitted; therefore, review of NAEs may be necessary to ensure that important AEs do not go unreported. The Duke Clinical Research Institute (DCRI) developed and implemented a process for scrutinizing NAEs to detect potential missed serious AEs. Initial experience with this process across two trials suggests that approximately 0.2% of NAEs are serious unexpected AEs that were not otherwise reported and another 1.5% are serious expected AEs.

Conclusions

Given their infrequent concealment of serious AEs in two large trials assessing cardiovascular outcomes, routine scrutiny of NAEs to identify AEs is not recommended at this time, though it may be useful in some trials and should be carefully considered by the trial team. Closer integration of data across safety surveillance and endpoint adjudication systems may enable scrutiny of NAEs when indicated while limiting complexity associated with this process.
Developmental changes in attention to social information from childhood to adolescence in autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study
Authors: Fujioka Toru , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Saito Manabu , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Matsuo Muneaki , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Choi Damee , Kato Sumi , Yoshida Tokiko , Yoshimura Yuko , Ooba Sawako , Mizuno Yoshifumi , Takiguchi Shinichiro , Matsuzaki Hideo , Tomoda Akemi , Shudo Katsuyuki , Ninomiya Masaru , Katayama Taiichi , Kosaka Hirotaka
Published: April 2020

Background

Elucidating developmental changes in the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important to support individuals with ASD. However, no report has clarified the developmental changes in attention to social information for a broad age range. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes in attention to social information from early childhood to adolescence in individuals with ASD and typically developed (TD) children.

Methods

We recruited children with ASD (n = 83) and TD participants (n = 307) between 2 and 18 years of age. Using the all-in-one-eye-tracking system, Gazefinder, we measured the percentage fixation time allocated to areas of interest (AoIs) depicted in movies (the eyes and mouth in movies of a human face with/without mouth motion, upright and inverted biological motion in movies showing these stimuli simultaneously, people and geometry in preference paradigm movies showing these stimuli simultaneously, and objects with/without finger-pointing in a movie showing a woman pointing toward an object). We conducted a three-way analysis of variance, 2 (diagnosis: ASD and TD) by 2 (sex: male and female) by 3 (age group: 0–5, 6–11, and 12–18 years) and locally weighted the scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) regression curve on each AoI.

Results

In the face stimuli, the percentage fixation time to the eye region for the TD group increased with age, whereas the one for the ASD group did not. In the ASD group, the LOESS curves of the gaze ratios at the eye region increased up to approximately 10 years of age and thereafter tended to decrease. For the percentage fixation time to the people region in the preference paradigm, the ASD group gazed more briefly at people than did the TD group.

Limitations

It is possible that due to the cross-sectional design, the degree of severity and of social interest might have differed according to the subjects’ age.

Conclusions

There may be qualitative differences in abnormal eye contact in ASD between individuals in early childhood and those older than 10 years.
Hypoxia imaging and theranostic potential of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts: a review of current evidence and discussion of the retention mechanisms
Authors: Liu Tengzhi , Karlsen Morten , Karlberg Anna Maria , Redalen Kathrine Røe
Published: April 2020

Background

Tumor hypoxia (low tissue oxygenation) is an adverse condition of the solid tumor environment, associated with malignant progression, radiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis. One method to detect tumor hypoxia is by positron emission tomography (PET) with the tracer [64Cu][Cu-diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone)] ([64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]), as demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, emerging studies suggest using [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] for molecular radiotherapy, mainly due to the release of therapeutic Auger electrons from copper-64, making [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] a “theranostic” agent. However, the radiocopper retention based on a metal-ligand dissociation mechanism under hypoxia has long been controversial. Recent studies using ionic Cu(II) salts as tracers have raised further questions on the original mechanism and proposed a potential role of copper itself in the tracer uptake. We have reviewed the evidence of using the copper radiopharmaceuticals [60/61/62/64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]/ionic copper salts for PET imaging of tumor hypoxia, their possible therapeutic applications, issues related to the metal-ligand dissociation mechanism, and possible explanations of copper trapping based on studies of the copper metabolism under hypoxia.

Results

We found that hypoxia selectivity of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] has been clearly demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical therapeutic studies in mice have also demonstrated promising results, recently reporting significant tumor volume reductions and improved survival in a dose-dependent manner. Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] appears to be accumulated in regions with substantially higher CD133+ expression, a marker for cancer stem cells. This, combined with the reported requirement of copper for activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), provides a possible explanation for the therapeutic effects of [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)]. Comparisons between [64Cu][Cu(ATSM)] and ionic Cu(II) salts have showed similar results in both imaging and therapeutic studies, supporting the argument for the central role of copper itself in the retention mechanism.

Conclusions

We found promising evidence of using copper-64 radiopharmaceuticals for both PET imaging and treatment of hypoxic tumors. The Cu(II)-[Cu(ATSM)] retention mechanism remains controversial and future mechanistic studies should be focused on understanding the role of copper itself in the hypoxic tumor metabolism.
Münchhausen Syndrome: A Case Report of an Unusual Cause of Vitamin K Antagonist Intoxication
Authors: Carlier Laurence , Rex Steffen , Vanassche Thomas , Verelst Sandra , Desmet Koen , Van Elslande Jan , Verhamme Peter , Vandenbriele Christophe
Published: April 2020

Psychiatric disorders must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting to the emergency department with unexplainable somatic symptoms. Physicians should be aware of Münchhausen syndrome as a possible diagnosis. A 46-year-old female patient presented at the emergency department with signs of coagulopathy. She denied taking any anticoagulant drugs as well as rat poison. Urine toxicology revealed the presence of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). After an extensive workup, she was diagnosed with Münchhausen syndrome. Intentional intoxication with VKA is rare.
Spiro-Conjugated Carbon/Heteroatom-Bridged p-Phenylenevinylenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Microcrystal Electron Crystallographic Analysis of Racemic Solid Solutions
Authors: Hamada Hiroyoshi , Nakamuro Takayuki , Yamashita Keitaro , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Nureki Osamu , Kikkawa Masahide , Harano Koji , Shang Rui , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: April 2020

Two planar conjugated systems perpendicularly connected via a quaternary sp3 carbon center interact with each other through the spiro linkage. Such spiro-conjugated π-systems show useful optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present a unified modular synthetic strategy for a series of chiral spiro-conjugated carbocycles utilizing a C–H activation reaction as a key step. The chiral spiro-conjugated carbon/heteroatom-bridged p-phenylenevinylenes (spiro-X compounds) possessing C, O, N, S, and SO2 as bridging groups are thermally stable, and exhibit circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Spiro-SO2 undergoes intramolecular charge transfer. It exhibits CPL with a large |glum| of 2.1 × 10−3 and shows rarely reported solvatofluorochromism for CPL luminophores. The racemic spiro-O compound solidifies as a racemic solid solution (or pseudoracemate). It did not form X-ray-quality crystals. This therefore provided us with a unique opportunity to examine the potential of the microcrystal electron crystallography popularized recently. The diffraction data sets, merged over many micrometer-sized solid particles, afforded the 3D molecular structure and the crystal packing of the spiro compound.
Transfeminismo e socialismo libertário: uma nota sobre suicídio, necrossexismo e imaginário social conservador
Authors: Rossi Inaê Diana Ashokasundari Shravya Da Costa
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo visa abordar as relações existentes entre sexismo e necropolítica a partir dos seus efeitos nos corpos transgêneros, constituindo o que se compreende como corpo transexual. Não se trata de criar ou reforçar um dualismo entre corpo transgênero e corpo transexual, mas identificar no processo de constituição da transexualidade um efeito necrossexista que tem como propósito a destituição do corpo trans enquanto corpo dissidente do imaginário cisgênero.
Resiliência e capacidade para o trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem [Resilience and work ability in nursing workers] [Resiliencia y capacidad laboral en trabajadores de enfermería]
Authors: Silva Silmar Maria , Silva Fabio Jose , Baptista Patricia Campos Pavan , Almeida Mirian Cristina dos Santos , Martinez Maria Carmen , Soares Rosimeire Angela de Queiroz
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: verificar a associação da resiliência com a capacidade para o trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 375 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, por meio de três instrumentos autoaplicáveis: um para caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, a Escala de Resiliência e o Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição. Resultados: Entre os trabalhadores participantes, 15,2% apresentaram baixa resiliência e 30,4% mostraram capacidade para o trabalho comprometida. Quanto maior o escore do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, maior a pontuação da Escala de Resiliência (b=0,722; p<0,001). Conclusão: a resiliência foi associada de forma positiva à capacidade para o trabalho.ABSTRACTObjective: to verify the association of resilience with work ability in nursing workers. Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 375 nursing workers from a university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using three self-applicable instruments: one for sociodemographic and professional characterization, the Resilience Scale and the Work Ability Index. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The research project was approved by the Institution’s Research Ethics Committee. Results: Among participants workers, 15.2% showed low resilience and 30.4% have some level of impaired work ability. The higher the Work Ability Index score, the higher the Resilience Scale score (b=0.722; p<0.001). Conclusion: resilience was positively associated with the work ability.RESUMENObjetivo: verificar la asociación de resiliencia con capacidad laboral en trabajadores de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 375 trabajadores de enfermería de un hospital universitario en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando tres instrumentos auto-aplicables: uno para caracterización sociodemográfica y profesional, la Escala de Resiliencia y el Índice de Capacidad Laboral. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de Investigación de la Institución. Resultados: Entre los trabajadores participantes, el 15.2% mostró baja capacidad de recuperación y el 30.4% tiene algún nivel de capacidad laboral deteriorada. Cuanto más alto sea el puntaje del Índice de Habilidad de Trabajo, más alto será el puntaje de la Escala de Resiliencia ( = 0.722; p <0.001). Conclusión: la resiliencia se asoció positivamente con la capacidad de trabajo.
Chronic oedema and lymphoedema: what is the difference?
Authors: Cooper-Stanton Garry
Published: April 2020

Chronic oedema is a term that encompasses several causes that lead to oedema formation in any part of the body. This includes lymphoedema and its subcategories. Despite the assumption that these are different, there are more commonalities amongst them. This makes the transfer of knowledge and experience, from chronic oedema conditions to lymphoedema, and vice versa easier to achieve. However, this takes both time and support, to achieve the ultimate patient outcome of self-care, with generalist able to support this process and journey.
The role of interventional radiology in elective orthopaedic practice
Authors: Truneh Teodros , Lintin Luke , Warakaulle Dinuke , Mckean David
Published: April 2020

Interventional radiology is a subspecialty of radiology that provides a range of minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It continues to expand and evolve, and has had a marked impact on clinical care in many settings, in some cases averting the need for major surgery and hospital admission. While its role in the setting of trauma is relatively well established, with arterial embolisation a valuable option in the management of haemodynamically unstable patients, it is less prominent in the elective setting. This article provides an overview of emerging applications of interventional radiology in the elective treatment of orthopaedic conditions.
The Court of Protection and what it offers
Authors: Heald Fiona
Published: April 2020

The state safeguards the most vulnerable in society through the Court of Protection, and its processes are set down in statute. Fiona Heald offers guidance on its work regarding property and financial matters
Real-time co-localized OCT surveillance of laser therapy using motion corrected speckle decorrelation
Authors: Maltais-Tariant Raphaël , Boudoux Caroline , Uribe-Patarroyo Néstor
Published: April 2020

We present a system capable of real-time delivery and monitoring of laser therapy by imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) through a double-clad fiber (DCF). A double-clad fiber coupler is used to inject and collect OCT light into the core of a DCF and inject the therapy light into its larger inner cladding, allowing for both imaging and therapy to be perfectly coregistered. Monitoring of treatment depth is achieved by calculating the speckle intensity decorrelation occurring during tissue coagulation. Furthermore, an analytical noise correction was used on the correlation to extend the maximum monitoring depth. We also present a method for correcting motion-induced decorrelation using a lookup table. Using the value of the noise- and motion-corrected correlation coefficient in a novel approach, our system is capable of identifying the depth of thermal coagulation in real time and automatically shut the therapy laser off when the targeted depth is reached. The process is demonstrated ex vivo in rat tongue and abdominal muscles for depths ranging from 500 µm to 1000 µm with induced motion in real time.
Pepper's Ghost and the augmented reality of modernity
Authors: Conner Thomas
Published: April 2020

The emergence of augmented-reality (AR) displays has inspired scholarship examining the social effects and communicative impacts of these visual technologies. But the broader concept of reality augmentation – of overlaying information onto everyday experience – has been likened to the imposition of social discourses and ideologies. This article examines the nineteenth-century stage illusion Pepper's Ghost as an early AR media system in service to the particular ideological mission of the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. Despite its spectral imagery and historical parallels to spiritualism, Pepper's Ghost was instrumental in servicing the Polytechnic's goals of promoting rational modernity and scientific progress, which it accomplished by mediating the epistemic divide between superstition and science and blending Polytechnic ideology with the phenomenological experience of the screened image. In this article, I make visible the ideological function of two apparatuses: the Pepper's Ghost illusion as a media system, and the social institution of the Polytechnic itself. In the end, I situate the current revival of Pepper's Ghost stagings as a twenty-first-century phenomenon amid new restagings of Pepper's Ghost as performing 'holograms'.
Local Government Access to Funds—It Is about Who Your Friends and Party Are
Authors: Zhllima Edvin , Merkaj Elvina , Imami Drini , Rama Klodjan
Published: April 2020

The competitive grants schemes, a financing mechanism established for achieving social welfare as well as balanced and efficient territorial development, would have to be applied through a transparent and objective competition process. However, political influence of the ruling party and informal networks with central government decision-makers may influence access to competitive grants. This paper explores the extent to which the political affiliation and the personal informal connections/networks of the Municipalities and Communes leaders influence the allocation of competitive grants in Albania. The study is based on their perceptions and attitudes collected through the application of qualitative research instruments. We used a semi-structured survey that targeted local government leaders in Albania during the year 2013–14. Research shows that local government leaders are more likely to access grants from the central government if both belong to the same political party/coalition, follow personal informal connections/networks, and can use strong (political and/or bribing) lobbying with high-level decision makers.
Baboon placental heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
Authors: Armant D Randall , Aberdeen Graham W , Kilburn Brian A , Pepe Gerald J , Albrecht Eugene D
Published: April 2020

Placental extravillous trophoblast remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries is important for promoting blood flow to the placenta and fetal development. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), an EGF family member, stimulates differentiation and invasive capacity of extravillous trophoblasts in vitro. Trophoblast expression and maternal levels of HB-EGF are reduced at term in women with preeclampsia, but it is uncertain whether HB-EGF is downregulated earlier when it may contribute to placental insufficiency. A nonhuman primate model has been established in which trophoblast remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries is suppressed by shifting the rise in estrogen from the second to the first trimester of baboon pregnancy. In the present study, we used this model to determine if placental HB-EGF is altered by prematurely elevating estrogen early in baboon gestation. Uterine spiral artery remodeling and placental expression of HB-EGF and other EGF family members were assessed on day 60 of gestation in baboons treated with estradiol (E2) daily between days 25 and 59 of gestation (term = 184 days). The percentages of spiral artery remodeling were 90, 84 and 70% lower (P < 0.01), respectively, for vessels of 26–50, 51–100 and >100 µm diameter in E2-treated compared with untreated baboons. HB-EGF protein quantified by immunocytochemical staining/image analysis was decreased three-fold (P < 0.01) in the placenta of E2-treated versus untreated baboons, while amphiregulin (AREG) and EGF expression was unaltered. Therefore, we propose that HB-EGF modulates the estrogen-sensitive remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries by the extravillous trophoblast in early baboon pregnancy.
Військова дисципліна як компонент психологічної готовності особистості до армійської служби
Authors: Паркулаб Оксана , Котілок Тетяна
Published: April 2020

У статті порушено проблему психологічної готовності військовослужбовців Збройних Сил України до службово-бойової діяльності. Акцентується увага на питаннях додержання військової дисципліни й розвитку свідомої дисциплінованості солдатів. З’ясовано, що високий рівень дисципліни й сформованість такої риси як дисциплінованість є важливими показниками якості військового професіоналізму, що впливають на успішність виконання бойових завдань.
Інфантильна поведінка студентської молоді: основні показники та особливості прояву
Authors: Гринчук Олександра , Оленич Таміла
Published: April 2020

У статті репрезентуються результати теоретичного та емпіричного дослідження проблеми інфантильності. Розкрито зміст поняття «інфантильність». Визначено соціально-психологічний ракурс аналізу проблеми інфантильності особистості, сутності та структури даного явища, визначено показники інфантильної поведінки особистості та чинники їх формування. Висвітлено результати емпіричного дослідження основних проявів інфантильної поведінки студентської молоді. Зроблено висновок, що досліджуваним не властивий патологічний прояв інфантильних рис.
Modernisation of Ukrainian society: The current state, challenges and prospects from experts’ standpoint
Authors: Chepurko Gulbarshyn
Published: April 2020

The paper provides a deeper understanding of the modernisation-driven processes taking place in Ukraine nowadays. Answers to the following questions have been analysed: a) What is the impact of these processes on the economic, political and socio-cultural domains of Ukrainian society? b) How well are different areas / aspects of social life in this country modernised so far? c) How significant is the contribution of different power structures and social institutions to modernisation in Ukraine? d) What seems to impede this process the most? The data of an expert survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (May–June 2019) constituted the empirical basis for the analysis. The survey participants were also asked to reflect on a country (-ies) whose experience in implementing modernisation-oriented reforms Ukraine might draw upon. The author notes that transformation processes occurring in our country often do not follow a consistent pattern. What will be the goal / tasks of necessary change remains an open question. Finally, it is suggested that the attribute of modernisation should be defined as a successful transformation facilitating progressive development. The main problems in the process of modernization are corruption, the unwillingness of the majority of the population to modernize, the inability of political forces to initiate this process, lack of understanding of the need for integrated implementation of these reforms, taking into account all spheres of public life. A very important issue of modernization is establishing a constructive dialogue between the authorities and the society, and between individual social groups and layers. These problems should be the object of scientific research to reflect on ways of developing the national economy in the long run.
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Perovskites
Authors: Patel Prachi , Nayak Pabitra K.
Published: April 2020

Perovskite solar cells are at the edge of commercial success. Device efficiency records are being broken at a regular pace, while stability and optimization are progressing rapidly. The first commercial products could reach the market within a year. MRS Bulletin presents coverage of the most recent impactful advances in the burgeoning field of perovskite research.
Māori pain experiences and culturally valid pain assessment tools for Māori: A systematic narrative review
Authors: Hoeta Tobias J. , Baxter G. David , Bryant Katrina A. Pōtiki , Mani Ramakrishnan
Published: April 2020

Physiotherapists in Aotearoa New Zealand use various models and tools for assessing pain, many of which have been developed and validated in other ethnic populations outside Aotearoa New Zealand. In particular, assessing pain within the Māori population should be culturally appropriate and capture Māori realities associated with pain experience. The purpose of this systematic review was three-fold: to explore evidence of pain experiences among Māori, to identify any pain assessment questionnaires that capture Māori experiences of pain, and to propose a framework to evaluate the adherence to kaupapa Māori research guidelines. Due to the gap in the literature, only two studies were eligible. Based on these two studies, whānau, Māori holistic views of health, whakapapa, and spirituality were identified as key themes associated with Māori pain experiences. The quality of included studies was “medium-high” and “high”. The overall evaluation based on the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research demonstrated “high-moderate” confidence in the findings. Evaluation of adherence to a kaupapa Māori theory framework of the included studies found these to be limited. This review could not identify culturally valid tools to capture Māori experiences of pain, and established the need to develop tools encompassing themes associated with Māori experiences of pain.
Employment and Labor Market Outcomes of College and Vocational School Graduates
Authors: Cherednichenko Galina
Published: April 2020

Data obtained in a 2016 survey of college and vocational school graduates produced in 2010–2015 is used to analyze the characteristics of entry-level jobs and labor market outcomes separately for graduates in higher education and vocational training (the latter featuring mid-level specialist programs and skilled-worker programs). Graduates who combined work and study tend to enjoy a competitive advantage in the labor market, the effect being the strongest for college graduates and the weakest for skilled workers. Most graduates found their first jobs rather quickly, mainly with the help of their immediate community, whereas institutions were found to play a very insignificant role in graduate employment. Supply and demand imbalance in the labor market results in about two thirds of college graduates and two fifths of vocational school graduates being mismatched to their jobs. Over one third of college graduates and over two fifths of mid-level specialists found themselves overeducated in their first jobs. Among the employed graduates of skilled-worker programs, 63% were employed as skilled workers, clerks, service and retail sale workers, i. e. their entry-level jobs were well-matched to their level of qualifications.Employment is higher among vocational graduates of both types and significantly higher among college graduates than the national average. Graduates in higher education also demonstrate the lowest unemployment rate.
How to set up a protocol hackathon for your team v2
Authors: Ambassadors protocols.io
Published: April 2020

Communicate and collaborate effectively with protocols.io. Research data and protocols will never leave the team, even if a person does. With protocols.io it is fast and easy to find the information that you want— a central place for all of your scientific data. If your team is planning to start using protocols.io, a protocol hackathon is a great way to get everyone on board. Protocol hackathons are fun as the entire team works on getting their protocols up on protocols.io at the same time rather than every team member trying to enter protocols one at the time by themselves. A protocol hackathon can take place remotely or in person. This protocol gives you a great overview of how you can go about setting up a protocol entry session (hackathon) for your team.
ANALISIS FAKTOR FAKTOR DETERMINAN DAN PERILAKU HERDING DI PASAR SAHAM
Authors: Rahayu Adik Duwi , Putra Aditya , Oktaverina Chiata , Ningtyas Regina Aulia
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan keberadaan perilaku herding di sejumlah pasar saham di berbagai belahan dunia dan mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab perilaku herding. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah perpustakaan penelitian dengan mengambil data dari 80 jurnal internasional dan 4 jurnal lokal. Hasil analisis kami menyimpulkan bahwa perilaku herding terjadi di hampir semua pasar saham di dunia. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perilaku herding meliputi sentimen berita negatif terhadap saham, insentif dan kekhawatiran karier yang dimiliki oleh analis, risiko pasar dan ketidakpastian tingkat perusahaan, ketidakpastian pasar, kondisi pasar ekstrem, periode arus informasi tinggi, risiko volatilitas, analisis jenis saham yang lebih kecil, terjadinya krisis ekonomi/keuangan, kondisi pasar yang menurun, kenaikan suku bunga, depresiasi mata uang, lingkungan informasi yang buruk, dan pengungkapan berkualitas rendah. Keterbatasan artikel ini adalah jumlah data yang diambil dari hasil penelitian di beberapa pasar saham tidak merata, seperti kurangnya pengambilan data dari pasar saham di benua Amerika.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP KUALITAS WEBSITE GEOPARK : KASUS PADA GEOPARK BATUR
Authors: Yuliawati Ayu Krishna , Budiman Arief , Wulung Shandra Rama Panji , Aryanti Asti Nur
Published: April 2020

Geopark Global Geopark Batur as a geopark is not as well known as other geoparks in the world. Promotional efforts are carried out using the geopark website. The purpose of this study is to obtain the perception of students on Batur Global Geopark’s website quality. The research method used is qualitative and respondents are students at UPI management study program. The results shows  Batur Global Geopark website quality is quite good according to the respondents and able to attract several new customer and increase knowledge about geopark  as a tourism destination.
Efficient CT Image Reconstruction in a GPU Parallel Environment
Authors: Pérez Tomás A. Valencia , López Javier M. Hernández , Moreno-Barbosa Eduardo , Alonso Benito de Celis , Merino Martín R. Palomino , Meneses Victor M. Castaño
Published: April 2020

Computed tomography is nowadays an indispensable tool in medicine used to diagnose multiple diseases. In clinical and emergency room environments, the speed of acquisition and information processing are crucial. CUDA is a software architecture used to work with NVIDIA graphics processing units. In this paper a methodology to accelerate tomographic image reconstruction based on maximum likelihood expectation maximization iterative algorithm and combined with the use of graphics processing units programmed in CUDA framework is presented. Implementations developed here are used to reconstruct images with clinical use. Timewise, parallel versions showed improvement with respect to serial implementations. These differences reached, in some cases, 2 orders of magnitude in time while preserving image quality. The image quality and reconstruction times were not affected significantly by the addition of Poisson noise to projections. Furthermore, our implementations showed good performance when compared with reconstruction methods provided by commercial software. One of the goals of this work was to provide a fast, portable, simple, and cheap image reconstruction system, and our results support the statement that the goal was achieved.
İpek Fibroin/Polivinil Alkol Esaslı İlaç Taşıyıcı Yara Örtüleri
Authors: Bal Öztürk Ayça , Akgüner Zeynep Püren
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, potansiyel yara örtüsü olarak ilaç taşıyıcı-yeni bir karboksil modifiyeli poli(vinil alkol)-çapraz bağlı ipek fibroin esaslı hidrojel filmi (İF/PVA) geliştirmektir. Çapraz bağlı hidrojellerin hazırlanması için poli(vinil alkol) (PVA), karboksil modifiye poli(vinil alkol) (PVA-COOH) verecek şekilde süksinik anhidrit (SA) ile modifiye edilmiş, FTIR ve 1H NMR analizleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Takiben çözücü döküm yöntemi ile 1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil) karbodiimid (EDC) ve n-hidroksisüksinimid (NHS) varlığında farklı konsantrasyonlarda PVA-COOH ve ipek fibroin (İF) esaslı bir seri hidrojel filmler hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen filmlerin yapıları FTIR ve XRD analizleri ile karakterize edilmiş, yüzey morfolojileri optik mikroskop altında incelenmiş, şişme davranışları ve mekaniksel dayanım özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen sitotoksisite testleri ile sentezlenen İF/PVA membran yara örtülerinin toksik olmadığı bulunmuştur. Optimum özelliklere sahip İF/PVA hidrojel filmine model ilaç olarak kuersetin yüklenmiş, etken madde yüklü filmlerin fosfat tamponu ortamında (pH:7,4) salım davranış profili incelenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen in vitro yara modeli (çizik testi) sonuçları, 10 güne kadar kontrollü kuersetin salım profili gösteren İF/PVA filminin potansiyel ilaç taşıyıcı bir yara örtüsü olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.
Emotions Among Students Engaging in Connectivist Learning Experiences
Authors: AlDahdouh Alaa A
Published: April 2020

Emotion has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. As a general rule, emotions are categorized as positive, which we seek, and negative, from which we turn away. However, empirically-backed connectivists claim that even negative emotions produce positive effects on student performance. What is less clear is how this process happens. This study had two primary aims. First, to assess the prevalence and distribution of emotions in connectivist environments. Second, to provide in-depth and experiment-based analysis that shows how and when negative emotions have their positive effect. Data for this study were mainly collected using an aided think-aloud protocol with nine participants, each of whom received ten tasks. Findings of the current study confirmed the dominance of negative emotions in connectivist learning environments and presented a model that could explain the variation of empirical results. Implications for researchers and teachers in distance education are discussed.
Analysis of Factors Influencing The Decision to Choose The Department in The Natural Science Campus
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Hasan Sidiq , Fauzan Achmad , Nugraha Jaka
Published: April 2020

Education is very important thing for everyone. Parents tend to choose high-quality school or campus, to ensure their children’s education. One thing which determined parents to choose the campus for their children is the prospect for work. Faculty of Natural Science UII have high-quality department. Some of them already had highest accreditation level and even Internationally accredited. But some peoples in Indonesian often asked about what become of their children after graduated from the faculty of natural science or what is job that suit for their chlidren. The department of that faculty often not become the first choice when choosing campus. Therefore, the research to study about factors which determine people to choose their college department is needed. In this paper, the study is focused on factors which influence people’s decision score to choose the department in the faculty of natural science. We are using correlation and regression analysis. The result show that factors which influence the people’s decision are different between one department with another. Those factor consist of: product, promotion, and the price/cost.
Sustainable Development Model of a Hydrocarbons Project in Arauca, Colombia - Caño Limón: Ecological Protection Zone
Authors: Ortega Paula Andrea , Martín José Luis , Díaz Germán Ricardo
Published: April 2020

Occidental de Colombia, LLC has been developing and operating the Caño Limon field, located at the Arauca department in Colombia, throughout the last three decades, drilling more than 600 wells. Taking into account that the oil industry is seen as an invasive activity, and, based on the biodiversity conditions and conservation of this area where the field is located, environmental good practices were incorporated in a positive way. Results of these practices are seen on an increase in the ecosystem structure, revegetalization areas and restoration within production facilities, with a 54.7% increase between 1993 and 2012 for the Tropical Rainforest (ShT, as per Spanish acronym). Available habitats have been generated while a very important decrease in cropping areas has been noticed (98.02%) because of the conservation systems that have been implemented in the field.

Meanwhile, an important reduction of floodplain ecosystem because of the increase in rainforest areas, and the successive processes of regeneration of these ones for the last 19 years, allows that the Caño Limon area acted as a refuge for the third part of the regional fauna. These conditions aimed at environmental sustainability, and ensuring that the ecosystem services of the area are maintained.

These activities have only been achieved with a clear policy and actions that have been directed by the company in favor of a synergy between industry and environment. As a consequence of these strategies, the field of operations is another element within the environmental components that integrate the landscape.