bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aneurysm and subacute type A aortic dissection, in a pediatric patient with aortopathy
Authors: Ceballos Andres Aranzazu , Zapata Margarita Maria , Suarez Sharoon , Mendieta Ivan , Aguilar Ubaldo Rivas
Published: October 2024

Background
aortic dissection in pediatrics is an extremely rare condition, which is generally related to predisposing factors such as connective tissue disorders, congenital heart disease and systemic arterial hypertension.
Materials and methods: We report this case following the guidelines of the CARE guidelines.
Results: A 3-year-old girl, with a history of bileaflet aortic valve (BAV), hypoplasia of the aortic arch and repaired aortic coarctation at one month of age. She was admitted 2 months of atypical chest pain, dysphonia, and low tone of voice. The echocardiogram and CT angiography showed an image corresponding to a Stanford A aortic dissection, with false lumen perfusion that generated a pseudoaneurysmal dilation with a saccular morphology of 53x40x70 mm dimensions. Exposure of the ascending aorta, aneurysmal dissection, and replacement with a 22 mm supracoronary tube were performed. The aortic arch branches were managed with the island technique after the proximal and distal anastomoses, with good postoperative evolution.
Conclusion: We present a case of a 3-year-old pediatric patient with Stanford A aortic dissection, subacute evolution, with successful repair.
Prognostic relevance of MDK and TIMP1 with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Huang Qingqing , He Xiaohua , Jiang Miaomiao , Fu Junkai , Ding Chenyuan
Published: October 2024

Background
LUAD is a prevalent and deadly lung cancer type. MDK and TIMP1 expression shows variations in different cancers. The specific contributions of these proteins to LUAD progression and tumor immunity, however, are not well delineated.
Methods
We leveraged RNA-seq data from TCGA and applied ggpubr R package to discern the expression disparity of MDK and TIMP1 in normal versus LUAD tissues. MDK and TIMP1 levels were further validated by qRT-PCR and western blot. Subsequently, LUAD patients were stratified into high and low expression groups based on MDK and TIMP1 expression, and the impact of their expression on overall survival (OS), disease-free interval (DFI), progression-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS) was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operation characteristic curves were plotted. We also explored KEGG and GO annotations for 50 genes exhibiting expression profiles akin to MDK and TIMP1, and constructed a gene-gene interaction network using GeneMANIA. The enrichment of DEGs in the KEGG and GO pathways was scrutinized in both high and low expression groups of MDK and TIMP1. Furthermore, we investigated the mutational landscape of MDK and TIMP1 within LUAD and assessed correlation between their expression and infiltration of immune cells.
Results
MDK and TIMP1 were found to be markedly overexpressed in LUAD. LUAD patients with diminished expression of MDK and TIMP1 have extended OS, DFI, DSS, and PFI. Area under the curve values for MDK and TIMP1 were 0.943 and 0.875, respectively. Regression analysis identified TIMP1 as a risk factor influencing the OS of LUAD patients. Genes with similar expression profiles to MDK were notably enriched in the Proteasome pathway and peptidase activator activity, while those exhibit similar expression patterns to TIMP1 were predominantly involved in endopeptidase activity and the Cytoskeleton in muscle cells pathway. Functional predictions for the genes MDK and TIMP1 showed a parallel, particularly in their regulation of peptidase activity. Mutations in MDK and TIMP1 are not determinants of survival in LUAD patients. There was a negative correlation between MDK and TIMP1 expression and tumor purity. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score was elevated in the group with high TIMP1 expression. The IPS_ctla_pos and IPS_pd1_pos scores are statistically significant in the high TIMP1 expression group. Infiltration of immune cells and immune-related functions is more substantial in MDK low expression and TIMP1 high expression groups.
Conclusion
A strong correlation exists between MDK and TIMP1 with both the prognosis and progression of LUAD, and the extent of immune cell infiltration, indicating that targeting these genes and their related pathways in immunotherapy could be of clinical value.
Breast Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning: A YOLOv8 Approach
Authors: ABDELLAH MOHAMED REFAAT , Fawzy Ahmed Medhat , Hosny Mohamed Omar
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer is among the major concerns in global health, and its management starts with early diagnosis. This article presents an advanced machine learning approach with a deep learning YOLO algorithm (You Only Look Once). YOLOv8 is the definitive version of the YOLO deep learning algorithm. The breast cancer detection YOLOv8 model is based on ultrasound images. In the given case, deep learning techniques are being ended with to give detection high precision, speed, and performance. This paper presents an application of a deep learning algorithm, YOLOv8, in real-time breast cancer detection using ultrasound imaging. In comparison, this model represented higher accuracy and recall than both ResNet50 and VGG16, thereby representing good potential for its integration into clinical settings. Our model showed results of 93% accuracy and 92% recall, which exceeds the results of ResNet50 and VGG16 by 6% and 10%, respectively. Finally, we have described how the integration of this system will be implemented on a clinical level in a real-time web-based interface, closing our work and showing future work at the clinical level how this research may be a source of such advancements in the early detection of breast cancer.
Traumatic alterations in the exoskeleton of glyptodonts (Cingulata, Xenarthra) and associated to behavior
Authors: Lima Fábio Cunha Guimarães , Porpino Kleberson Oliveira , Ribeiro Ana Maria
Published: October 2024

Alterations in the exoskeleton of glyptodonts have provided valuable information about the behavior of these animals. Studying the exoskeleton of the most known genera of glyptodonts, we found traumatic alterations suggestive of impact provoked by armored parts of their bodies such as the tail. We linked our findings based on the anatomy and biomechanical traits and we used X-rays and digital microscopy to identify the lesions as complementary examination to the macroscopic analysis. Here we present the first records of traumatic alterations in Hoplophorus euphractus and Propalaeohoplophorus australis and we identified more cases of alterations in Panochthus and Glyptodon. The observed alterations were fractures, deformations and perforations with some of them associated with infections. These marks on the carapaces can be associated with caudal tube impacts, and the observed damages in the tails were made by the same nature of impact. The anatomy of the striking tail and the fighting behavior was probably guided by sexual selection, where males in intraspecific combats fought for territory or mates.
Clinical outcomes after coarctation surgery in a pediatric population at Heart Center Leipzig – a 2-decade experience
Authors: Schumacher Katja , Cuesta Manuela de la , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , Aydin Muhammed Ikbal , Meier Sabine , Dähnert Ingo , Borger Michael A. , Kostelka Martin , Vollroth Marcel
Published: October 2024

Background
Aortic coarctation accounts for 5–8% of congenital heart defects and patients’ symptoms can present from neonatal shock to hypertension in adolescence or even adulthood. While surgical repair is the gold standard, catheter-based therapies are increasingly utilized. Despite advancements, complications and recurrence rates necessitating re-intervention remain concerns.
Methods
We analyzed the postoperative outcomes and long-term intervention rates for pediatric patients undergoing extended end-to-end aortic coarctation repair without cardiopulmonary bypass between October 2002 and January 2024 at the Leipzig Heart Center. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Among 168 patients, median age at surgery was 11 days (IQR 6–26). There was no early mortality. Median intensive care unit stay was 4 days (IQR 3–5), and hospital stay was 9 days (IQR 7–12). Early re-intervention during the same hospital stay was required in 3% due to re-coarctation. Median follow-up was 33 months (IQR 7 months − 8 years). Long-term survival at 1, 5, 10, and 14 years was 100%, 98.9%, 98.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. Freedom from catheter-based intervention was 74.3%, 70.1%, 67.9%, and 64.8% at the same intervals.
Conclusion
Extended end-to-end anastomosis for aortic coarctation repair in pediatric patients yields excellent survival and acceptable long-term outcomes, though re-intervention remains a consideration.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B among the General Population in Shandong Province, Eastern China, an Update 30 Years after the Implementation of the Neonatal Vaccination Program
Authors: Yan Bingyu , Zhang Xiaomeng , Lv Jingjing , Feng Yi , Meng Xin , Lin Xiaojuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Suting , Ji Feng , Chen Meng , Yuan Xinyu , Tao Zexin , Zhang Li
Published: October 2024

Background
In 1992, Hepatitis B vaccine was first recommended for routine neonatal immunization in China. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shandong Province, eastern China (updating our previous study in 2014), and to help guide the efforts of hepatitis B elimination.
Methods
A total of 5,000 serum samples were obtained from individuals all-aged over 1 year residing in Shandong Province, as part of a seroepidemiological survey of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies conducted in 2023. The chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay was used to detect serological markers of HBV.
Results
The overall prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc in the 2023 survey was 2.25% (95%CI:1.64–2.87), 46.21% (95%CI:44.05–48.38), and 25.17% (95%CI:23.46–26.88), respectively. The HBsAg prevalence has dropped to 0.28% among individuals younger than 30 years, particularly with less than 0.1% among children aged 1–14 (considerably below the 8% prevalence recorded in 1992). The peak prevalence of HBsAg was observed in individuals aged 40–49 years (5.63%), followed by those aged 30–39 (3.11%).
Conclusion
The Shandong Province has achieved a substantial success in controlling HBV infection among the younger generation. More attention should be paid to HBV-susceptible adults and chronic HBV-infected individuals in order to accelerate progress towards the goal of eliminating hepatitis B in the province.
Longitudinal Impact of Agricultural Experience on Spinal Alignment, Neck Pain, and Quality of Life in Rural Residents: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Takayuki Motoyoshi , Ogawa Takahisa , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Niimi Miyuki , Schermann Haggai , Nishi Ryosuke , Yoshii Toshitaka
Published: October 2024

Spinal kyphosis, a degenerative deformity affecting the thoracic and lumbar spine, is common with age, and certain occupations like farming further accelerates the condition and negatively impacting quality of life. This study is the first to prospectively follow rural residents and explore the association between agricultural work and progression of spinal deformity. Study population included 100 patients at the baseline survey ages 65 and older, followed for 3 years and analyzed 80 patients at the final follow-up. The study investigated the association between radiographic measures of sagittal spinal alignment and quality of life (EQ-5D) and functional scores of neck (Neck Disability Index, NDI) and lower back (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI). At the baseline survey, farmers exhibited lesser thoracic kyphosis and lesser lumbar lordosis than non-farmers. Over time, farmers were more likely to develop cervical kyphosis and experience worsening neck pain as measured by NDI, compared to non-farmers. These results suggest that the physical demands of farming may contribute to accelerated degeneration of cervical spine alignment, leading to increased neck pain and reduced quality of life. This study provides novel insights into the natural course of spinal deformity and the potential mechanisms of neck and lower back disability development in farmers.
A focal traumatic injury to the spinal cord causes an immediate and massive spreading depolarization sustained by chloride ions, with transient network dysfunction and remote cortical glia changes.
Authors: Mohammadshirazi Atiyeh , Mazzone Graciela L. , Zylberberg Benjamín A. , Mio Luca , Pistorio Giulio , Falcone Carmen , Taccola Giuliano
Published: October 2024

In clinics, physical injuries to the spinal cord cause a temporary motor areflexia below lesion, known as spinal shock. This topic is still underexplored due to the lack of preclinical SCI models that do not use anesthesia, which would affect spinal excitability. Our innovative design considered a custom-made micro impactor that provides localized and calibrated strikes to the ventral surface of the thoracic spinal cord of the entire CNS isolated from neonatal rats. Before and after injury, multiple ventral root (VR) recordings continuously traced respiratory rhythm, baseline spontaneous activities, and electrically-induced reflex responses. As early as 200 ms after impact, an immediate transient depolarization spread from the injury site to the whole spinal cord with distinct segmental velocities. Stronger strikes induced higher potentials causing, at the site of injury, a transient drop in tissue oxygen levels and a massive cell death with complete disconnection of longitudinal tracts. Below the impact site, expiratory rhythm and spontaneous lumbar activity were suppressed. On lumbar VRs, reflex responses transiently halted but later recovered to control values, while electrically-induced fictive locomotion remained perturbed. Moreover, low-ion modified Krebs solutions differently influenced impact-induced depolarizations, the magnitude of which amplified in low-Cl−. Moreover, remote changes in cortical glia occurred soon after spinal damage. Overall, our novel in vitro platform traces the immediate functional consequences of impacts to the spinal cord during development. This basic study provides insights on the SCI pathophysiology, unveiling an immediate chloride dysregulation and transient remote glial changes in the cortex.
Risk Estimation of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Polytrauma Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nomogram Approach
Authors: Zhang Cong , Chang Teding , Chen Deng , Luo Jialiu , Chen Shunyao , Zhang Peidong , Lin Zhiqiang , Li Hui
Published: October 2024

Background Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), known to be a major factor in poor outcomes and death rates, is common after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, a nomogram will be developed to predict the risk of DVT in polytrauma patients with TBI, since there is currently no specific and convenient diagnostic method.Methods A retrospective and observational trial was conducted between November 2021 and May 2023.The predictive model was created using a group of 349 polytrauma patients with TBI in a training set, with data collected between November 2021 and August 2022.A nomogram was presented after using multivariable logistic regression analysis to create the predictive model. Validation of the model was conducted internally. A separate group for validation included 298 patients seen consecutively between August 2022 and May 2023.Result 647 trauma patients were included in the study. Out of these, 349 individuals were part of the training group while 298 were part of the validation group. Training cohorts reported 32.1% and validation cohorts reported 31.9% DVT. Age, Smoking, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), D-dimer, Mechanical ventilation (MV) and Application of Vasoactive Drugs (AVD) comprised the individualized prediction nomogram. The model exhibited strong discrimination, achieving a C-index of 0.783 and a statistically insignificant result (P = 0.216) following the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Nomogram calibration plots and decision curve analysis showed the nomogram's utility in predicting DVT.Conclusion Our study characterized the incidence of DVT in polytrauma patients with TBI and further emphasized that it represents a substantial health concern, as evidenced by its frequency. Using this nomogram, it is possible to predict DVT in polytrauma patients with TBI based on demographics and clinical risk factors.
Factors associated with oxidative stress in virologically suppressed people living with HIV on long-term antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Lombardi Francesca , Belmonti Simone , Sanfilippo Alessia , Borghetti Alberto , Iannone Valentina , Salvo Pierluigi Francesco , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Visconti Elena , Giambenedetto Simona Di
Published: October 2024

Background
Oxidative stress (OS) is the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, in favour of oxidants, that has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in ART-treated people living with HIV (PLWH).
We aimed to assess factors associated with OS in virologically suppressed PLWH on long-term modern ART.
Method
In this cross-sectional study we evaluated OS by measuring both the levels of derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and the biological antioxidant potential (BAP). We also calculated the BAP/d-ROMs ratio, (OS index, OSi); a cut-off value < 7.3 indicated OS. Factors associated with OS markers were explored by linear regression model.
Results
We enrolled 299 experienced PLWH with virological suppression (HIV-RNA<50cps/mL). The mean of the d-ROMs levels was 409 UCARR (95%CI 394-422), whereas the mean of the BAP levels was 1.809 µmol/L (95%CI 1706-1851). The OSi mean value was 4.84, and 91.6% of the participants were below the cut-off value. By regression analysis, higher production of oxidants was associated with female sex (p<0.001), current exposition to PIs (p=0.0031) and HCV co-infection (p=0.007). Higher antioxidant capacity was correlated with higher HDL levels (p=0.002). Interestingly, a lower OSi was associated with female sex (p=0.003) and the current use of triple vs dual regimen (p=0.049). The OSi correlated negatively with cholesterol levels (p=0.009) and positively with HDL (p=0.001).
Conclusions
Virologically suppressed PLWH on long-term ART on triple regimens showed higher OS than those on dual regimens. These results suggest that a less-drug strategy could mitigate the oxidative status and warrant further investigations.
Novel common target genes for breast cancer and colorectal cancer: A mendelian randomization and spatial transcriptomics study
Authors: Tang Rui , Cui Hongquan , Miao Pengyu , Li Zhengrui , Wang Keliang
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Breast and colorectal cancer are a major global public health problem. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of tumor death worldwide. Central memory T (TCM) cells are closely related to the development of tumors and important targets for immunotherapy. Therefore, identifying the common signaling molecules of these two diseases in TCM cells can improve our understanding of these diseases and lead to the development of therapies that can be effective for treating both.
Methods:Single-cell RNA (scRNA) data of breast cancer (GSE161529) and colorectal cancer (GSE222300) patients was downloaded from the GEO database. The data were normalized and dimension reduced, then different T cell subsets were identified and differential gene expression analysis of central memory CD 8+ T cells was conducted. Mendelian randomization analysis, reverse causality detection, and co-localization analysis was performed to explore the relationship between differentially-expressed genes and the disease. Quasi-temporal analysis and metabolic analysis was done using scRNA sequencing technology and further analysis of gene expression and metabolism in spatial transcriptomes. Finally, the degree of association between drug target genes was analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis.
Results: Our analysis identified four genes (ZFP36L2,CKS1B, PTTG1, and ITGAE) that were associated with risk of both breast and colorectal cancer. In the pseudotime analysis, we found that the expression levels of CKS1B and PTTG1 decreased over time (P <0.05) while ZFP36L2 and ITGAE increased over time (P <0.05). In the metabolic analysis, these four genes were closely associated with the cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways, which was corroborated in the spatial transcription analysis. Finally, the PPI analysis among the drug target genes identified an interaction between PTTG1 and CKS1Bgenes.
Conclusion:This study reports that the ZFP36L2, CKS1B, PTTG1, and ITGAE genes could potentially influence breast cancer and colorectal cancer development via TCM CD8+ T cells. These four genes are putative common markers for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring tumor response to therapies.
Himalayan sub-Moho earthquakes suggest crustal faults trigger eclogitized-drip tectonics
Authors: Song Xiaohan , Klemperer Simon
Published: October 2024

Along the 1400-km Himalayan arc, 100 + sub-Moho earthquakes have been detected from their Sn/Lg amplitude ratios or S-P delay times, concentrated densely beneath a ~ 300-km segment in south Tibet where they reach ~ 110-km depth. Explanations for these earthquakes include Moho-penetrating faults and the dripping of eclogitized lower crust. We estimate the geological strain-rates, temperatures, and timescales for these two processes from seismological, thermal, geological, and geodetic datasets. We constrain the eclogite viscosity to \(\:\lesssim\:\)1–5×1021 Pa⋅s through numerical modeling of viscous Rayleigh-Taylor dripping within the available geological timescale (~ 20 Ma). Thermal analysis shows it is unlikely that brittle failure in olivine-dominated lithospheric mantle occurs below the 70-km Moho, hence a deeply penetrating fault cannot by itself explain the 70–110-km seismicity. Stronger eclogitized lower crust at upper-mantle depths would enable brittle failure, but an eclogite drip by itself cannot explain the dominating dextral-slip focal mechanisms. We propose that eclogitization of mafic granulites in the Indian lower crust occurs along lower-crustal shear zones associated with active faults and fluid intrusion, creating the density anomaly that drives Rayleigh-Taylor instability. As the eclogite drip grows, high strain within the drip creates brittle faulting to upper-mantle depths, albeit in what are crustal lithologies.
Fatty acid metabolism provides an essential survival signal in OxPhos and BCR DLBCL cells
Authors: Montagne Aurélie , Kotta Konstantina , Kielbassa-Elkadi Karoline , Martins Isabelle , Martínez-Climent Jose A. , Kroemer Guido , Thieblemont Catherine , Baud Véronique
Published: October 2024

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype of malignant lymphoma and is a heterogeneous disease with various gene and chromosomal abnormalities. The development of novel therapeutic treatments has improved DLBCL prognosis, but patients with early relapse or refractory disease have a poor outcome (with a mortality of ~ 40%). Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is frequently altered in cancer cells and recently emerged as a critical survival path for cancer cell survival. Here, we reveal using a large panel of DLBCL cell lines characterized for their metabolic status that targeting of FA metabolism induces massive DLBCL cell death, regardless of their OxPhos or BCR/glycolytic subtype. Further, FA drives resistance of DLBCL cell death induced by mitochondrial stress upon treatment with either metformin or L-asparaginase, two FDA-approved antimetabolic drugs. Interestingly, combining inhibition of FA metabolism with that of the mTOR oncogenic pathway strongly potentiates DLBCL cell death. Altogether our data highlight the central role played by FA metabolism in DLBCL cell survival, independently of their metabolic subtype, and provide the framework for the use of drugs targeting this metabolic vulnerability to overcome resistance in DLBCL patients.
Hepatic miR-93 promotes the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by suppressing SIRT1
Authors: Choi Jang Hyun , Lee Yo Han , Lee Jinyoung , Jeong Joonho , Park Kieun , Baik Bukyung , Kwon Yuseong , Kim Kimyeong , Khim Keon Woo , Ji Haneal , Lee Ji Young , Kim Kwangho , Kim Ji Won , Dao Tam , Kim Misung , Lee Tae Young , Yang Yong Ryoul , Yoon Haejin , Ryu Dongryeol , Hwang Seonghwan , Lee Haeseung , Nam Dougu , Kim Won-Kon , Park Neung Hwa , Yun Hwayoung
Published: October 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options, and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify microRNA-93 (miR-93) as a critical regulator of MASLD progression. miR-93 was markedly upregulated in liver tissues from both MASLD patients and diet-induced obese mice. miR-93 knockout (KO) mice were protected against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, along with improved glucose tolerance and enhanced mitochondrial function. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that miR-93 directly targets Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), suppressing the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway, which disrupts lipid metabolism. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of miR-93 using niacin restored SIRT1 activity, alleviating MASLD symptoms and improving metabolic function. Our findings establish miR-93 as a novel and promising therapeutic target in MASLD. The modulation of the miR-93/SIRT1 axis, particularly through niacin treatment, presents a potential therapeutic avenue for MASLD, a disease with few current treatment options.
The difference between Judgment styles among depressive and non-depressive individuals: A Validation Study of Instruments in Pakistan
Authors: Douatani Mujeebullha , Kakar Iqbal , Khan Fatima , Kakar Khair un Nisa , Khan Izzat Ullah , Shahwani Yasmin , Bahzai Malika Sarwar , Kakar Amin Ullah
Published: October 2024

The current research was undertaken to investigate the relationship between Judgment styles among depressive and non-depressive individuals. The sample of the present study was collected from random sampling of the university students. The sample size for the study was consisted of N = 100 (N = 50; depressive and N = 50; non anxious) individuals. The age range of the sample consisted from 18 years or above. Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale (SSDS) and General Judgmental styles Style Questionnaire (DMSQ) was used for the purpose of data collection. The result was conducted through using SPSS. Different statistical analysis was used to determine the difference between depressive and non-depressive individuals. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant difference between the views of depressive and non-depressive individuals while making decisions in daily routine or in simple actions. The depressive individuals are more likely to be avoidant and dependent as compare to others.
Complete mitogenome characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of traditional Chinese medicinal plant Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. from the Menispermaceae family
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Zi-Han , Huang Peng-Cheng , Chen Liu-Wei , Zhang Ming-Xian , Wang Li-Hua , Zhu You-Yong , Zhao Yu , Wang Jia-Guan
Published: October 2024

Background: Tinospora sagittata, a member belongs to the genus Tinospora of Menispermaceae family. Its tuberous roots have been used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for pharmacological properties and are commonly known name as “Jin Guo Lan”. Although its plastome and nuclear genome had been sequenced, its mitochondrial genome has not been explored, which significantly hampers conservation efforts and further research for this species. In addition, previous efforts based on multiple molecular markers providing profound insights into an intergeneric phylogenetic framework for Burasaieae and sampled species of T. sagittataare placed in a superclades, species delimitation of T. sagittata still need to be comprehensively evaluated.
Results: Flow cytometry revealed that Tinospora sagittata has two cytotypes and a wide range in genome sizes. We further sequenced and assembled the organelle genomes of T. sagittata, including the mitogenome (513,210–513,215 bp) and plastome (163,621–164,006 bp). The plastomes were highly similar in gene content and exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, but a translocation as well as two inversions were detected in mitogenomes. The repeats patterns in both organelles are generally similar, but significant difference in the codon bias of the genes of Tinospora organelle genomes. Interesting, both organelle genomes had shown that inter-gene spacer regions could be used as effective molecular markers for further phylogenetic analyses and species identification. Comprehensive analysis of protein coding genes of organelle genomes showed that significant difference in Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks values among the organelle genomes. Phylogenetic analysis identified a tree that was basically consistent with the phylogeny of Ranunculales described in the APG IV system.
Conclusions: We provided a high-quality and well-annotated organelle genome for Tinospora sagittata. The study present here advances our understanding of the intricate interplay between plastome and mitogenome. Moreover, our results also laid the foundation for further studying the course, tempo and mode of organelle genome evolution of Menispermaceae.
Investigation of Occupational Health and Safety Knowledge Levels Among Operating Room Staff
Authors: Bilecen Mutlu Erdi , Bayram Kadir Sercan
Published: October 2024

Operating room staff work in the most intense and risky environments of healthcare services. This study aims to examine the occupational health and safety (OHS) knowledge levels of operating room staff. The study focuses on the physical, chemical, biological, and psychosocial risks faced by operating room staff and addresses the health impacts of these risks.
The study was conducted with 413 participants working in the operating room unit of Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Practice Hospital. Data were collected using a Google form and analyzed with a 38-question survey. The survey questions aimed to measure the OHS perception levels of participants using a 5-point Likert scale.
Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical program, and the Cronbach's Alpha value was found to be 0.851, indicating high reliability of the study. According to the study's findings, OHS perception levels of operating room staff do not differ by gender. However, there are statistically significant differences between professional experience duration and OHS perceptions. Specifically, participants with 6-10 years of experience were found to have lower OHS perceptions.
The study revealed that the OHS knowledge levels of operating room staff are insufficient, and more training and awareness activities in this area are needed. The findings are critical for reducing the risks faced by operating room staff and ensuring a safer working environment. Accordingly, it is recommended to organize OHS training and adopt proactive approaches.
A Hybrid CNN-RNN Model Changes the Game for Side-Channel Attack Prediction
Authors: Alemerien Khalid , Al-Suhemat Sadeq , Altarawneh Enshirah , Alksasbeh Malek , Alrawashdeh Tawfiq , Alsuhimat Fadi , Alhalhouli Zaid T.
Published: October 2024

A common type of cyberattacks is the Side Channel Attack (SCA), which affects many devices and equipment connected to a network. These attacks have different types, such as power attacks like Differential Power Analysis (DPA), electromagnetic attacks, storage attacks, and others. Researchers and cyber security experts are concerned about SCA targeting devices, which can lead to losing and stealing important information. Many researchers have tried to reduce the impact of this attack. Deep Learning (DL) based solutions have shown significant promise in detecting SCAs due to their ability to identify complex patterns and anomalies in large datasets. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, are effective for analyzing time-series data and identifying temporal dependencies in side channel data. Despite the DL models having been successfully applied to detect power analysis, electromagnetic, and timing attacks, they still face data collection, model generalization, adversarial, and robustness challenges. This study aims to enhance side-channel attack prediction using deep-learning algorithms by investigating the use of the DL models in predicted SCA that focus on DPA, the DPA contest v4.2 dataset was used to predict power attacks, it contains 3253 features and 80,000 traces. Several data preprocessing techniques, including Hamming and Hanning windows, and feature selection using SelectKBest, were used to enhance model performance. The efficacy of CNN, RNN, and a hybrid CNN-RNN model was explored. The study results indicated that the hybrid CNN-RNN model achieved accuracy (99.6\%), loss (0.0270), and executed time (15,240.42 seconds). This study underscores the importance of optimal hyperparameter tuning, selecting appropriate activation functions (SeLU) and activation (Adam optimizer), in improving DL model performance.
Prevalence of Brucella Infections among Students of Amran University, Yemen
Authors: Al-Hadheq Ali Ahmed , Al-Mahbashi Anas , Al-Wajeeh Talal , Al-Haj Asia , Edrees Wadhah Hassan
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Brucella infection in animals is considered a significant problem in most countries around the world and is regarded as one of the important pathogenic zoonotic infections affecting humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Brucella infections among students at Amran University, Yemen.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 247 students between January 2023 and November 2023. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using immunochromatographic technology.
Results: Out of 247 human samples, 2 (1.75%) were positive among males, and 15 (12.5%) were positive among females. Additionally, 49 (19.8%) of the positive cases were from Amran city, while 198 (80.2%) were from rural areas, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The risk factors for Brucella infection included ranching, consuming unpasteurized milk, and direct contact with livestock.
Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis was low among the study participants; however, it could become a serious problem that threatens the healthcare system in Yemen.
An Innovative Approach to Predict Drinking Water Risks in Michigan Using System, Community, and Regulatory Characteristics
Authors: Ye Liangfei , Dong Qianqian , McCright Aaron , Gasteyer Stephen
Published: October 2024

Background: Robust predictive models are essential for preventing and mitigating risks associated with public drinking water systems (PWS), which pose significant public health threats and incur substantial medical costs.
Methods: This study introduces a novel approach by comparing the performance of Logit, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models in predicting risks based on PWS characteristics, community attributes, and regulatory developments, rather than relying on water quality and hydrological parameters.
Results: The study yields three key findings: (1) XGBoost outperforms Logit and SVM, though all models perform less effectively for predicting health-based risks; (2) community and regulatory characteristics exert a greater influence on risk predictions than PWS characteristics; and (3) XGBoost performs comparably to the water parameter-based prediction approach, with the added benefits of lower cost and suitability for long-term forecasting.
Conclusions: This innovative approach offers substantial potential for residents, environmental advocates, and policymakers to better anticipate and address PWS risks by focusing on fundamental social determinants.
WITHDRAWN: Translation of Code-Mixed and Code-Switched Tweets Using LLMs for Enhanced Sentiment Analysis Outcomes
Authors: Sharma Durga , Johari Rahul , Gupta Kalpana
Published: October 2024

India’s rich linguistic diversity often leads to the frequentuse of code-mixed languages, especially on social media platforms like X(formerly Twitter). This study explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically Anthropic and OpenAI, for the translation ofHindi-English (Hi-En) code-mixed and code-switched tweets to identify instances of cyberbullying directed at Indian athletes through the analysis of over 29,000 tweets. Focusing on athletes from Cricket, Boxing, andWrestling, this research analyses the prevalence of cyberbullying over a decade long period from July 2013 to June 2023. The aim is to quantify cyberbullying by classifying tweets into positive, neutral, and negativecategories, with sentiment scores ranging from -1 to +1. The study identified shifts from neutral to positive and neutral to negative sentiments,where previously misclassified neutral tweets were more accurately recognized. The findings highlight the fluctuating public perception of athletes, driven by their performance and media narratives. This researchunderscores the challenges of processing code-mixed content and emphasises the need for improved NLP tools to more effectively detect harmfulsentiment and cyberbullying.
HDAMMF: Hierarchical Data Aggregation Method using Mobile sink and Fuzzy logic in Wireless Sensor networks
Authors: Naghibi Maryam , Barati Hamid , Barati Ali
Published: October 2024

Nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have limited energy reserves. A primary goal is to collect data efficiently while minimizing energy use. Clustering is an approach that can help reduce energy consumption in these networks, but data transmission to a stationary sink can cause energy holes. Using a mobile sink helps mitigate this issue, enhancing network performance. This paper presents a hierarchical cluster data aggregation method based on fuzzy logic and a mobile sink. This method consists of two phases: the clustering phase based on fuzzy logic and the data aggregation phase. The clustering phase includes two steps: selecting cluster heads and forming clusters. First, the fuzzy inference system calculates the probability of each node becoming a cluster head. Nodes with the highest scores, based on residual energy, node degree, and centrality, are chosen as cluster heads, while those with the second-highest scores are selected as backup cluster heads. In the second step, clusters are formed around the selected cluster heads. In the data aggregation phase, the cluster heads collect data from their cluster members and transfer it to either a mobile sink or the base station. Cluster heads within a direct region (with a maximum distance of rrr from the BS) send their data directly to the BS. Data from other cluster heads is routed to the BS through a mobile sink. This method ensures efficient data transmission and energy usage, enhancing overall network performance. The HDAMMF method significantly outperformed previous methods in various aspects, including the mean amount of energy used, latency, packet delivery rate, and network longevity, according to a comparison of their respective performances.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Vernonia cinerea for the treatment of smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Santi Omar , Niro Cecilia A. Di , Rungruanghiranya Suthat , Greco Vanina
Published: October 2024

Background: Smoking should be interpreted as a multidimensional and multicausal problem, for which different prevention and treatment strategies must be explored.
Aims: To review the efficacy and safety of the plant, Vernonia cinerea (VC), for smoking cessation.
Design: This systematic review complied with “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) Protocols. A comprehensive search was carried out, identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Settings: health centers of any level.
Participants: persons of any age or gender, smokers.
Interventions: VC versus placebo with behavioral therapy and any other standard pharmacotherapy approved for smoking cessation.
Findings: We identified 13 RCTs, all from Thailand.
Ten RCTs compared VC to placebo covering 1878 patients, 943 of whom received VC, delivering an RR of 1.51 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.97; I2=10%;
low-quality evidence). However, there is no certainty of this association when considering clinical trials with longer follow-ups and rated as having a low risk of bias (CAR for at least 24 weeks: RR of 0.98, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.41; participants = 1489; I2= 0%;
low-quality evidence). Thus, its efficacy in smoking cessation was only consistent in those trials where participants smoked less than 15 cigarettes per day (RR of 2.06, 95% CI= 1.25 to 3.41; participants= 246;
moderate-quality evidence). There was not a clear benefit for VC in the CAR compared with NRT or nortriptyline. Non-serious AEs were tongue numbness, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and dizziness, found to be mild and transient
Conclusions: Vernonia cinerea is a promising smoking cessation aid for those smoking fewer than 15 cigarettes daily, demonstrating efficacy only in trials with follow-ups of less than 12 weeks. It has a benign safety profile even in patients with non-communicable diseases. It underscores the need for further research, particularly outside Thailand, to fully explore its therapeutic potential
Preliminary trial of the cultivation of Pleurotus djamor var. fuscopruinosus from southern Thailand using sawdust substrate and applications
Authors: Phonemany Monthien , Sysouphanthong Phonguen , Rujanapun Narawadee , Thongklang Naritsada , Charoensup Rawiwan
Published: October 2024

Pleurotus is an edible mushroom, that has been consumed and cultivated worldwide. Pleurotus djamor var. fuscopruinosus (MFLU24-0016) is a new record in Thailand that provided morphology descriptions with phylogeny analysis and provided valuable information for the possibility of cultivation. The mycelium of P. djamor var. fuscopruinosus strain MFLUCC24-0056 was grown on PDA medium, and sorghum medium showed the best spawn production. Sawdust is suitable for the growing mycelium. The wild strain of P. djamor var. fuscopruinosus produced fruiting bodies at 25–28°C and 70–80% humidity. Primordia formed four weeks after the mycelia fully colonised the substrate and illuminated the conditions for the development of a mature fruiting bodies in 4–5 days. Nutritional analysis of 100 g of dried P. djamor var. fuscopruinosus showed 15.99 ± 0.2% of carbohydrates, 25.00 ± 1.5 (g/100 g) of protein, 30.25 ± 0.5% of moisture, 19.10 ± 0.9% of fibre, 7.59 ± 1.0% of ash, and 2.07 ± 0.5 (g/100 g) of fat content. Antioxidant activities of P. djamor var. fuscopruinosus 50% (v/v), ethyl acetate extract showed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity at 694.47 ± 3.92 µg/ml compared to 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation scavenging activity at 652.92 ± 2.53 µg/ml. In vitro anticancer effects were evaluated using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The results showed the extract of P. djamor var. fuscopruinosus exhibited higher cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549 than colorectal cancer SW480 with IC50 values of 382.03 ± 4.55, and 245.73 ± 7.60 µg/ml, respectively, compared to the positive control doxobrucirin with IC50 values of 14.96 ± 1.58 µg/ml. The exhibition cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells had IC50 values of 213.08 ± 4.08 µg/ml. Antidiabetic properties were investigated. Inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme in vitro showed that the hot water extract was higher at 582.91 ± 3.0 µg/ml, followed by ethyl acetate at 473.87 ± 1.4 µg/ml, and less was methanol at 357.63 ± 3.3 µg/ml based on comparison with acarbose (635.70 ± 4.9 µg/ml). Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells were evaluated, and the glucose consumption assay of this mushroom was shown at 582.91 ± 3.0 µg/ml from hot water extract compared to metformin (IC50 at 99.58 ± 0.59 µg/ml).
Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Sexual Health in Healthy Women: Findings of a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Mutha Amit Shrenikraj , Mutha Sonali Amit , Tejuja Anupama Hem , Langade Deepak K.
Published: October 2024

Background: Ashwagandha is an herbal extract known for its potential benefits on various aspects of human health, including stress reduction and hormone regulation.
Objective: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the role of Ashwagandha Root Extract (ARE) in enhancing sexual function in healthy women with Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD).
Materials and Methods: Sixty-two healthy women aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to receive Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) 600mg/d (n=31), or identical placebo (n=31) for 8 weeks. Study assessments were done at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 8. The primary outcome was Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores, whereas secondary outcomes were Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS-R), Satisfying Sexual Encounters (SSEs), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and Quality of Life (SF-12 QoL) assessed at all visits. Laboratory assessments included serum sex hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Progesterone, Estrogen- E2, Prolactin, and Testosterone), liver enzymes and renal parameters estimated at baseline and week 8.
Results: One patient was lost to follow-up and data of 61 (31 ARE, 30 placebo) patients was included for efficacy analysis. ARE significantly improved the mean (SD) FSFI total scores from 51.65 (10.23) at baseline to 71.94 (10.33) at week 8 as compared to placebo 51.77 (9.68) and 61.83 (8.38) baseline and week 8 respectively (p=0.002). This improvement was observed in ‘desire’ and ‘sexual satisfaction’ domains of FSFI scale. Similarly, assessments of sexual activity (SSE) shows greater improvements with ARE in ‘satisfying sexual events’ and ‘sexual desire’ (p<0.0001). The scores for PSS (p=0.0009), and SF-12 (p=0.044) were better with ARE compared to placebo at week 8. No significant changes or abnormalities were observed for hormones. Only one woman with placebo reported mild dizziness.
Conclusion: Ashwagandha root extract holds promise as a safe and effective option for improving sexual health in women.