bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential effects of regular use of antihypertensive drugs for in-hospital delirium in geriatric patients with trauma
Authors: Nagasawa Hiroki , Omori Kazuhiko , Ota Soichirou , Muramatsu Ken-ichi , Ishikawa Kouhei , Yanagawa Youichi
Published: July 2022

Although the regular administration of antihypertensive drugs is a risk factor for falls in older adults, whether their anti-inflammatory effects confer a survival benefit in older adults remains unknown. This single-center retrospective cohort study examined patients with trauma aged ≥ 65 admitted to our hospital between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients who had not received antihypertensive drugs before admission (i.e., AHT(−) group) and those who had received the drugs (i.e., AHT(+) group) were compared using a 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and the incidence of complications during the hospital stay. In total, 637 patients were analyzed. After propensity score matching, each study group had 223 patients. No significant difference was observed in the primary outcome (28-day mortality: AHT(−) group, 3.6% vs. AHT(+) group, 3.6%; adjusted relative risk: 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–2.62); only the in-hospital incidence of delirium was significantly low in the AHT(+) group (25.1% vs. 13.9%; adjusted relative risk: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37–0.82). Overall, the regular use of antihypertensive drugs did not affect outcomes in geriatric trauma patients; however, the incidence of delirium was reduced in those regularly receiving antihypertensive drugs.
Flow patterns in circular fish tanks and its relations with flow rate and nozzle features
Authors: Khater El-Sayed , Ali Samir , Abbas Wael , Morsy Osama
Published: July 2022

The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity of water in circular fish tanks. The results indicated that, the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates from 5 to 75 m3 h−1 by using 10 and 15 mm nozzles diameter with nozzles number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The same results were also obtained when 20 and 25 mm nozzle diameter with nozzles number of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were used. The impulse force of water decreases with increasing nozzle diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm the impulse force of water decreased with 15 nozzles. The average velocity of water decreases with increasing nozzles diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm, the average velocity ranged from 1.07 to 48.76 cm s−1 for all treatments under study.
Propagation and attenuation characteristics of shock waves in a gas–coal dust explosion in a diagonal pipeline network
Authors: Jia Jinzhang , Tian Xiuyuan
Published: July 2022

In order to obtain the propagation and attenuation characteristics of a shock wave gas–coal dust explosion, a diagonal pipeline network was built to carry out a gas–coal dust explosion experiment. Methane with a volume fraction of 9.5% was mixed with 20 g of coal dust with a particle size of 50 μm. The shock wave attenuation characteristics in the diagonal pipeline network were characterized by the overpressure attenuation coefficient. The results showed that when the shock wave propagated in the diagonal pipeline network, it was offset and superposed multiple times. The overpressure attenuation in diagonal pipes was greater than that in the other pipeline branches. Secondary explosions occurred at all monitoring points. The propagation characteristics of shock waves is less affected by the pipeline network structure when it is close to the outlet of pipeline network. Nonlinear multivariate regression analysis was carried out to analyze the relationship between the overpressure attenuation coefficient and two adjacent monitoring points, the pressure before and after attenuation, and the pipeline angle. The functional relationship was in good agreement with the experiment data.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among the male populations who seeking medical care for infertility, pregnancy loss and preconception care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Zhang Songling , Wei Zhentong , Zhang XiaoYuan , Wang Qun
Published: July 2022

The link between sexual dysfunction and male infertility has been well established. In addition to male infertility, male patients with couple pregnancy loss and preconception care are the most frequent reasons for the treatment of andrology outpatients. However, there is a paucity of information simultaneously investigating male sexual dysfunction in these males with different reproduction situations. A cross-sectional study was performed in consecutive series of 1256 participants, including 509 men with infertility, 437 couples with pregnancy loss, and 310 men for preconception care. All men completed a questionnaire on baseline demographic information, sexual behavior characteristics and validated research tools, including Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and International Index of Erectile Function. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation was 30.6%, 20.8% in the infertility population and 27.0%, 18.5% in pregnancy loss individuals, was much lower in preconception care men, at 9.3%, 11.9% (p < 0.05), respectively. Infertility and pregnancy loss couples were more biased toward choosing timed intercourse than preconception care couples, with rates of 19.6% in Infertility group and 17.4% in pregnancy loss groups, versus 10.0% (p < 0.05) in preconception care couples. The infertile and pregnancy loss men also reported higher rate of anxiety state than the preconception care group. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction increased gradually with the duration of infertility and the frequency of pregnancy loss, with a highest odds ratio of 7.346 (95% CI:4.329–12.467; P < 0.001) among men with ≥5 years of infertility, 6.282 (95% CI:3.446–11.453; P < 0.001) among couples ≥3 pregnancy loss when compared with preconception care group. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and timed intercourse were comparable in pregnancy loss and infertile males, were all noticeably higher than preconception care group. There was also a trend toward a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction with longer duration of infertility or the more frequent of pregnancy loss.
Development of a novel light-up probe for detection of G-quadruplexes in stress granules
Authors: Iida Keisuke , Suzuki Natsumi , Sasaki Ayano , Ishida Shunsuke , Arai Takayoshi
Published: July 2022

G-quadruplexes (G4s) regulate various biological processes in cells. However, cellular imaging of dynamically forming G4s in biomolecular condensates using small molecules has been poorly investigated. Herein, we present a fluorescent light-up probe with the ability to selectively stabilize G4s and enhance fluorescence upon G4 binding. The foci of the probe were mainly observed in the nucleoli. These were co-localized with anti-fibrillarin antibodies and anti-G4 antibodies (BG4). Moreover, we tested detection of G4 in stress granules using the developed probe. Stress granules were induced through treatment with not only thapsigargin, but also known G4 ligands (pyridostatin, RHPS4, and BRACO-19). In the stress granules, co-localization between the probe, BG4, and stress granule markers (TIA1 and G3BP1) was detected. We present a practical light-up probe for G4s in stress granules, providing potential targets for G4 ligands.
Cross-reactive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 N protein in Central and West Africa precedes the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pedersen Jannie , Koumakpayi Ismaël Hervé , Babuadze Giorgi , Baz Mariana , Ndiaye Oumar , Faye Oumar , Diagne Cheikh Tidiane , Dia Ndongo , Naghibosadat Maedeh , McGeer Allison , Muberaka Samira , Moukandja Irène P. , Ndidi Stella , Tauil Carlos B. , Lekana-Douki Jean-Bernard , Loucoubar Cheikh , Faye Ousmane , Sall Amadou , Magalhães Kelly G. , Weis Nina , Kozak Robert , Kobinger Gary P. , Fausther-Bovendo Hugues
Published: July 2022

Early predictions forecasted large numbers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) cases and associated deaths in Africa. To date, Africa has been relatively spared. Various hypotheses were postulated to explain the lower than anticipated impact on public health in Africa. However, the contribution of pre-existing immunity is yet to be investigated. In this study, the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins in pre-pandemic samples from Africa, Europe, South and North America was examined by ELISA. The protective efficacy of N specific antibodies isolated from Central African donors was tested by in vitro neutralization and in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins were rare in all populations except in Gabon and Senegal where N specific antibodies were prevalent. However, these antibodies failed to neutralize the virus either in vitro or in vivo. Overall, this study indicates that cross-reactive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 N protein was present in Africa prior to the pandemic. However, this pre-existing humoral immunity does not impact viral fitness in rodents suggesting that other human immune defense mechanisms could be involved. In Africa, seroprevalence studies using the N protein are over-estimating SARS-CoV-2 circulation.
Microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolomic perturbations in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy
Authors: Galler Alexandra I. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Joerg M. , Sung Chi-Hsuan , Hittmair Katharina M. , Richter Barbara , Burgener Iwan A.
Published: July 2022

Dysbiosis and perturbations of fecal metabolic profiles have been reported in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Currently the incidence of dysbiosis and the fecal metabolomic profile in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy (YTE) and the effects of treatment are unknown. This prospective observational study analyzed the dysbiosis index (DI) and fecal bile acid, sterol and fatty acid profiles in 14 Yorkshire Terriers with active YTE, 11 dogs in clinical remission, and 26 healthy Yorkshire Terriers. YTE was associated with dysbiosis and a significant increase in fatty acids (docosanoate, p = 0.002; gondoate, p = 0.026; erucate, p < 0.001; nervonate, p < 0.001; linolenate, p < 0.001), and plant sterols (campesterol, p < 0.001; brassicasterol, p = 0.024). The abundances of Fusobacterium (p < 0.001) and Cl. hiranonis (p = 0.018) and the concentrations of the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (p = 0.033) and the plant sterol sitostanol (p = 0.003) were significantly decreased compared to healthy dogs. Dysbiosis, abundances of Fusobacterium, Cl. hiranonis and fecal concentrations of bile acids and sterols did not recover after treatment, while fecal fatty acid concentrations decreased in treated dogs. YTE is associated with dysbiosis and changes in bile acid, fatty acid, and sterol metabolism. These changes only recovered partially despite clinical remission. They might be breed-specific and involved in the pathogenesis of YTE.
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to lung function in the full range of distribution across four Eastern European cohorts
Authors: Sarycheva Tatyana , Capkova Nadezda , Pająk Andrzej , Malyutina Sofia , Tamosiunas Abdonas , Bobák Martin , Pikhart Hynek
Published: July 2022

It is unclear whether the dose–response relationship between lung function and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Central and Eastern European populations differ from that reported in the Western European and American populations. We used the prospective population-based HAPIEE cohort that includes randomly selected people with a mean age of 59 ± 7.3 years from population registers in Czech, Polish, Russian and Lithuanian urban centres. The baseline survey in 2002–2005 included 36,106 persons of whom 24,944 met the inclusion criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the dose–response relationship between lung function defined as FEV1 divided by height cubed and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over 11–16 years of follow-up. Mortality rate increased in a dose–response manner from highest to lower FEV1/height3deciles. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of all-cause mortality for persons in the 8th best, the 5th and the worst deciles were 1.27 (95% CI 1.08‒1.49), 1.37 (1.18–1.60) and 2.15 (1.86‒2.48), respectively; for cardiovascular mortality, the respective HRs were 1.84 (1.29–2.63), 2.35 (1.67–3.28) and 3.46 (2.50‒4.78). Patterns were similar across countries, with some statistically insignificant variation. FEV1/height3is a strong predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, across full distribution of values, including persons with preserved lung function.
Reusable kaolin impregnated aminated chitosan composite beads for efficient removal of Congo red dye: isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Abou Alsoaud Mohamed M. , Taher Mahmoud A. , Hamed Abdelrahman M. , Elnouby Mohamed S. , Omer Ahmed M.
Published: July 2022

In this investigation, Kaolin (K) impregnated aminated chitosan (AM-CTS) composite beads were fabricated with multi-features including low-cost, high performance, renewable and ease of separation for adsorption of anionic Congo red (CR) dye. Characterization tools such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET, XPS and Zeta potential were thoroughly employed to confirm the successful formulation process. The results revealed that K@ AM-CTS composite beads displayed higher specific surface area (128.52 m2/g), while the thermal stability was prominently improved compared to pure AM-CTS. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium of CR dye was accomplished rapidly and closely gotten within 45 min. The removal efficiency was significantly enriched and reached 90.7% with increasing kaolin content up to 0.75%, compared to 20.3 and 58% for pristine kaolin and AM-CTS, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-first order kinetic model, while data were agreed with the Freundlich isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity reached 104 mg/g at pH 6. Furthermore, D–R isotherm model demonstrated the physical adsorption process of CR dye, which includes the electrostatic interactions, ion exchange and H-bonding. Thermodynamics evidenced the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Interestingly, the developed K@AM-CTS composites beads showed better reusability for eight consecutive cycles, suggesting their feasible applicability for adsorptive removal anionic dyes from polluted aquatic bodies.
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometry: an advanced bioanalytical technique for clinical metabolomics studies
Authors: Zaid Atiqah , Khan Mohammad Sharif , Yan Dandan , Marriott Philip J. , Wong Yong Foo
Published: July 2022

This review highlights the current state of knowledge in the development of GC × GC-MS for the analysis of clinical metabolites. Selected applications are described as well as our perspectives on current challenges and potential future directions.
CRISPR/Cas12a-based fluorescence immunoassay: combination of efficient signal generation with specific molecule recognition
Authors: Li Xi , Zhang Yuyuan , Liu Qiang , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin
Published: July 2022

The sensing strategy ingeniously combines the efficient signal generation of the CRISPR/Cas12a system with antigen–antibody-specific recognition.
Au nanoflower film-based stretchable biosensors for in situ monitoring of superoxide anion release in cell mechanotransduction
Authors: Zhao Xu , Peng Meihong , Wang Jialu , Chen Shutong , Lin Yuqing
Published: July 2022

Cell mechanotransduction plays an important role in vascular regulation and disease development.
15N-Detected TROSY NMR experiments to study large disordered proteins in high-field magnets
Authors: Dubey Abhinav , Viennet Thibault , Chhabra Sandeep , Takeuchi Koh , Seo Hee-Chan , Bermel Wolfgang , Frueh Dominique P. , Arthanari Haribabu
Published: July 2022

Detecting 15N-TROSY in the direct dimension at high magnetic field yields narrow linewidth, alleviating spectral crowding in IDRs and facilitating resonance assignments.
Site-specific water dynamics in the first hydration layer of an anti-freeze glyco-protein: a simulation study
Authors: Jin Tan , Long Fengqin , Zhang Qiang , Zhuang Wei
Published: July 2022

The HBSEB treatment strictly excludes the non-first layer water contribution. A much more retarded and inhomogeneous first hydration layer water dynamics is observed, with respect to the commonly used the SPC treatment, which only requires the target water to stay in the first hydration layer at the very beginning.
Probing interfacial charge transfer in heterojunctions for photocatalysis
Authors: Li Mingming , Gong Yue , Wang Yanjie , He Tao
Published: July 2022

This perspective summarizes various characterization techniques that have been employed to probe interfacial charge transfer processes involved in photocatalysis, which can be used to distinguish type II and direct Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism.
Emerging single atom catalysts in gas sensors
Authors: Lei Guanglu , Pan Hongyin , Mei Houshan , Liu Xianghong , Lu Guocai , Lou Chengming , Li Zishuo , Zhang Jun
Published: July 2022

Single atom catalysts offer unprecedented opportunities for the development of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.
Reactivity of a mixed methyl–aminobenzyl guanidinate lutetium complex towards iPrNCNiPr, CS2 and Ph2PH
Authors: Jiang Wen , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Lixin
Published: July 2022

A lutetium mixed methyl–aminobenzyl complex stabilized by a superbulky guanidinato ligand was synthesised via an alkyl-exchange reaction and selective reactions of this complex towards substrates, such as iPrNCNiPr, CS2 and Ph2PH, were explored.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene on atomically precise subnanometer Cu4−nPdn (0 ≤ n ≤ 4) tetramer clusters: the effect of cluster composition and support on performance
Authors: Jašík Juraj , Valtera Stanislav , Vaidulych Mykhailo , Bunian Muntaseer , Lei Yu , Halder Avik , Tarábková Hana , Jindra Martin , Kavan Ladislav , Frank Otakar , Bartling Stephan , Vajda Štefan
Published: July 2022

High fidelity selectivity tuning of the oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexene was achieved through the control of the atomic composition of CuPd clusters and their interactions with the support.
The influence of compression on the lattice stability of α-FAPbI3 revealed by numerical simulation
Authors: Wang Ryan Taoran , Xu Alex Fan , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Gu
Published: July 2022

Compressive strain enables stable FA-based perovskites by suppressing the phase transition process.
Effects of Cu(i) contents on the voltammetric behavior and electrodeposition mechanism of bimetallic composite ionic liquids
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Zhang Rui , Zhou Jian , Liu Haiyan , Liu Zhichang , Xu Chunming , Zeng Shaojuan , Su Qian , Zhang Xiangping , Meng Xianghai
Published: July 2022

Effects of Cu(i) contents on the electrodeposition mechanism of bimetallic composite ionic liquids promote the resource utilization and green development.
Construction of a unique 2-D layered vanadoborate with water-assisted proton conductivity
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Guo Biao , Zhang Le , Zhao Sisi , Dong Yuwei , Zhao Zhen
Published: July 2022

A unique 2-D layered vanadoborate is successfully synthesized and exhibits good water-assisted proton conductivity.
A water-soluble polymer fluorescent probeviaRAFT polymerization for dynamic monitoring of cellular lipid droplet levels and zebrafish imaging
Authors: Cui Wei-Long , Wang Mao-Hua , Yang Yun-Hao , Qu Jianbo , Zhang Haitao , Zhu Xiuzhong , Wang Jian-Yong
Published: July 2022

A coumarin derivative was chosen for co-polymerizing with terminal hydroxy polyethylene glycol to obtain a water-soluble probe P(Cou-PEG-LD). The probe was successfully applied to discrimination of starved and normal cells and zebrafish bioimaging.
Interfacial tension driven adsorption of MnO2 nanoparticles at the liquid/liquid interface to tailor ultra-thin polypyrrole sheets
Authors: Chondath Subin Kaladi , Sreekala Abhishek Pradeep Kumar , Farzeena Chalikkara , Varanakkottu Subramanyan Namboodiri , Menamparambath Mini Mol
Published: July 2022

A water/chloroform interface-assisted one-pot synthesis of ultra-thin PPy/MnO2 sheets enriched with ∼6 nm MnO2 NPs. The decrease in the dynamic interfacial tension (γ) of the L/L interface proved the adsorption of MnO2 attached PPy oligomers.
Macroporous perovskite nanocrystal composites for ultrasensitive copper ion detection
Authors: Li Hanchen , Yin Wenping , Ng Chun Kiu , Huang Ruoxi , Du Shengrong , Sharma Manoj , Li Bin , Yuan Gangcheng , Michalska Monika , Matta Sri Kasi , Chen Yu , Chandrasekaran Naresh , Russo Salvy , Cameron Neil R. , Funston Alison M. , Jasieniak Jacek J.
Published: July 2022

CsPbBr3-(SH)polyHIPE composite was produced by adhering CsPbBr3 nanocrystals to a (SH)-polyHIPE substrate. This well-designed composite has an extremely high sensitivity to copper ions in organic solvents.
Biomimetic catalytic aerobic oxidation of C–sp(3)–H bonds under mild conditions using galactose oxidase model compound CuIIL
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hui , Yu Hai-Yang , Huang Jia-Ying , Su Ji-Hu , Xue Can , Zhou Xian-Tai , He Yao-Rong , He Qian , Xu De-Jing , Xiong Chao , Ji Hong-Bing
Published: July 2022

A biomimetic catalytic approach for the aerobic oxidation of C–sp(3)–H bonds using galactose oxidase model compound was developed. EPR showed that the CuI-radical intermediate species was critical for O2 activation.
An engineered organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) platform with a highly ammonia-sensitive mesoporous membrane
Authors: Medhi Indrani , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: July 2022

A mesoporous film platform using a vertical OECT can detect up to 71.6 ppb of ammonia. The device has excellent transistor characteristics and operates at low voltage of ≤1 volts, thus providing avenues for chemical and biological sensors.
Dual pulse shaping transmission with sinc‐function based complementary Nyquist pulses
Authors: Li Hang , Huang Xiaojing , Zhang Jian Andrew , Zhang Hao , Cheng Zhiqun
Published: July 2022

Due to difficulties in manufacturing, data conversion devices with extremely high sampling rate are becoming the bottleneck in realising high‐speed communication systems with a large bandwidth. Dual pulse shaping (DPS) transmission allows half‐symbol‐rate conversion devices to be used for two parallel data streams to achieve full‐rate transmission, and is proved to be an effective solution. Here, two sets of ideal sinc‐function based complementary Nyquist pulses for DPS transmission are proposed. Theoretically, it is shown that the proposed pulses satisfy the inter‐symbol and cross‐symbol interference‐free conditions, and can achieve full‐Nyquist‐rate transmission with half of the sampling rate. With reference to commercially available D/As, two sets of practical dual spectral shaping pulses are further proposed, and the close relationship between the ideal and practical pulses are disclosed. Performance analysis for linear equalisation is provided in the presence of both timing offset between dual shaping pulses and carrier‐frequency offset. Two approaches are then proposed to improve the system robustness by adjusting the clock phase of the D/As and A/Ds. Simulation results are presented to provide a comparison between the proposed DPS transmission schemes and the state of the art, in terms of the performance metrics of peak‐to‐average power ratio and bit error rate.
High‐gain tapered slot antenna with spoof surface plasmon polaritons director
Authors: Zheng Zichao , Chen Fangjun , Pan Ziyu , Xu Feng
Published: July 2022

In this letter, the authors propose a high‐gain and low‐profile tapered slot antenna (TSA) with a composite patch made of ellipse and spoof surface plasmon polaritons (sSPPs) structures. The authors first demonstrate the construction details and associated dimensions of the antenna fabrication. Then the authors discuss the role of the patch, which is placed at the antenna's radiating opening to improve the directivity of the antenna. Measurements of the fabricated antenna show a wide operating bandwidth of 82.3% (5–12 GHz) is achieved. The gain of the antenna varies from 5.2 to 13.4 dBi, in which radiation patterns show good directivity and end‐fire radiation performance. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results, indicating that the antenna performance has been improved as expected by adopting this design.
Rotation-induced granular motion on the secondary component of binary asteroids: Application to the DART impact on Dimorphos
Authors: Agrusa H. F. , Ballouz R. , Meyer A. J. , Tasev E. , Noiset G. , Karatekin Ö. , Michel P. , Richardson D. C. , Hirabayashi M.
Published: July 2022

Context. NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will kinetically impact Dimorphos, the secondary component of the Didymos binary asteroid system, which will excite Dimorphos’s dynamical state and lead to significant libration about the synchronous state and possibly chaotic non-principal axis rotation. Although this particular outcome is human caused, many other secondary components of binary systems are also prone to such exotic spin states.

Aims. For a satellite in an excited spin state, the time-varying tidal and rotational environment can lead to significant surface accelerations. Depending on the circumstances, this mechanism may drive granular motion on the surface of the secondary.

Methods. We modeled the dynamical evolution of a Didymos-like binary asteroid system using a fully coupled, three-dimensional simulation code. Then, we computed the time-varying gravitational and rotational accelerations felt over the entire surface resulting from the secondary’s perturbed dynamical state.

Results. We find that an excited spin and orbit can induce large changes in the effective surface slope, potentially triggering granular motion and surface refreshment. However, for the case of the DART impact, this effect is highly dependent on many unknowns, such as Dimorphos’s detailed shape, bulk density, surface geology, and the momentum transferred. Aside from the Didymos system and the DART mission, this effect also has important implications for binary systems in general.
Investigation of co-evaporated polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)S2thin film yielding 16.0 % efficiency solar cell
Authors: Barreau Nicolas , Bertin Eugène , Crossay Alexandre , Durand Olivier , Arzel Ludovic , Harel Sylvie , Lepetit Thomas , Assmann Lionel , Gautron Eric , Lincot Daniel
Published: July 2022

The interest for pure sulfide Cu(In,Ga)S2chalcopyrite thin films is increasing again because their optical properties make them relevant candidates to be applied as top cell absorbers in tandem structures. Nonetheless, their use as so is still hindered by the level of single-junction cells performance achieved so far, which are far below those demonstrated by selenide absorbers. Amongst the reasons at the origin of the limited efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)S2-based solar devices, one can mention the poor tolerance of S-chalcopyrite to Cu deficiency. In fact, Cu-poor Cu(In,Ga)S2films contain CuIn5S8thiospinel secondary phase which is harmful for device performance. In the present work, we investigate Cu(In,Ga)S2thin films grown by a modified three-stage process making use of graded indium and gallium fluxes during the first stage. The resulting absorbers are single phase and made of large grains extended throughout the entire film thickness. We propose that such a morphology is a proof of the recrystallization of the entire film during the synthesis. Devices prepared from those films and buffered with bath deposited CdS demonstrate outstanding efficiency of 16.0%. Replacing CdS by Zn(O,S) buffer layer leads to increased open circuit voltage and short circuit current; however, performance become limited by lowered fill factor.
Synkopeneinheiten
Authors: Schick Daniel , Napp Andreas
Published: July 2022

Die Synkopenversorgung bei geriatrischen Patienten ist häufig aufgrund der höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit für schwerwiegende Grunderkrankungen sowie dem Vorliegen von Begleiterkrankungen und Polypharmazie anspruchsvoll. Häufig erfolgt eine stationäre Aufnahme zur weiteren Abklärung mit konsekutiv hohen Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und ohne verbessertem Outcome für die Patienten. Zur spezifischen diagnostischen Abklärung, Risikostratifizierung und raschen Therapieinitiierung haben sich insbesondere für Intermediär- und Hochrisikosynkopen interdisziplinäre Synkopeneinheiten bewährt. Diese bestehen aus ärztlichen und pflegerischen Synkopenspezialisten sowie einem multidisziplinären Team und können anhand standardisierter Behandlungsalgorithmen eine rasche Diagnostik und ein optimiertes Management gewährleisten. Stationäre Aufnahmen, Aufenthaltsdauer sowie Behandlungskosten konnten hierdurch um 77 %, 50 % bzw. 29 % reduziert werden. Trotz einer klaren Empfehlung der European Society of Cardiology (ESC), haben 88 % der europäischen Krankenhäuser heute weiterhin keinen Zugriff auf eine Synkopeneinheit.
Psychologische Aspekte während und nach intensivmedizinischer Behandlung von ARDS
Authors: Deffner Teresa , Hierundar Anke , Karagiannidis Christian
Published: July 2022

Ungefähr 10% aller intensivpflichtigen Patienten entwickeln ein akutes Atemnotsyndrom (Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome; ARDS). Durch die COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu einer Häufung von
Patienten mit schwerem ARDS. Das Erleben dieser schweren respiratorischen Insuffizienz geht mit dem Empfinden existenzieller Angst bei vielen Patienten einher. Der Beitrag stellt die
psychologische Unterstützung während und nach der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung des ARDS dar.
Current View on the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Fibrin(ogen)-Dependent Inflammation
Authors: Yakovlev Sergiy , Strickland Dudley K. , Medved Leonid
Published: July 2022

Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of fibrinogen in the inflammatory response. To explain the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrinogen-dependent inflammation, two bridging mechanisms have been proposed in which fibrin(ogen) bridges leukocytes to endothelial cells. The first mechanism suggests that bridging occurs via the interaction of fibrinogen with the leukocyte receptor Mac-1 and the endothelial receptor ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), which promotes leukocyte transmigration and enhances inflammation. The second mechanism includes bridging of leukocytes to the endothelium by fibrin degradation product E1 fragment through its interaction with leukocyte receptor CD11c and endothelial VE-cadherin to promote leukocyte transmigration. The role of E1 in promoting inflammation is inhibited by the fibrin-derived β15–42 fragment, and this has been suggested to result from its ability to compete for the E1–VE-cadherin interaction and to trigger signaling pathways through the src kinase Fyn. Our recent study revealed that the β15–42 fragment is ineffective in inhibiting the E1– or fibrin–VE-cadherin interaction, leaving the proposed signaling mechanism as the only viable explanation for the inhibitory function of β15–42. We have discovered that fibrin interacts with the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, and this interaction triggers a signaling pathway that promotes leukocyte transmigration through inhibition of the src kinase Fyn. This pathway is inhibited by another pathway induced by the interaction of β15–42 with a putative endothelial receptor. In this review, we briefly describe the previously proposed molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-dependent inflammation and their advantages/disadvantages and summarize our recent studies of the novel VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration which plays an important role in fibrin-dependent inflammation.
30-Days to 10-Years Mortality Rates following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Last Decade (2011–2021)
Authors: Pan Xuankang , Turan Oguz , Rullan Pedro J. , Simmons Hannah , Emara Ahmed K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: July 2022

Mortality data following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) beyond 1-year postoperative time period is sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to: (1) estimate contemporary mortality rates at 30 days, 90 days, 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years following primary TKA; and (2) identify risk factors and causes of mortality following TKA. PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar databases were queried from January 1, 2011 to October 30, 2021 for all studies reporting mortality rates following primary TKA. A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted using a random-effects model to ascertain pooled mortality rates (95% confidence interval [CI]). Meta-regression was utilized to account for confounding effects on mortality rates due to the study's country of origin, median date of study data, average patient age, and patient gender ratios, with a level of significance maintained at p-value <0.05. A total of 44 articles were included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled 30-day mortality rate was 0.14% (95% CI:0.05–0.22%; n = 1,817,647). The pooled 90-day mortality rate was 0.35% (95% CI:0.0.28–0.43%; n = 1,641,974). The pooled 1-year mortality rate was 1.1% (95% CI:0.71–1.49%; n = 1,178,698). The pooled 5-year mortality rate was 5.38% (95% CI:4.35–6.42%; n = 597,041). The pooled 10-year mortality rate was 10.18% (95% CI:7.78–12.64%; n = 815,901). Our 30-day mortality rate was lower than previously reported. The most common causes of death at all time points were due to cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, and malignancy. Obesity demonstrated mixed effects on long-term mortality rates. Overall mortality rates of TKA remain low worldwide at all time points and immediate postoperative mortality rates continue to fall. Compared to symptomatic knee osteoarthritic patients reported in the literature, TKA patients qualitatively exhibited lower mortality rates, which may support the value of TKA in improving quality of life without associated excess mortality. Future long-term mortality studies should be conducted to account for geographical variability in mortality rates and further elucidate modifiable risk factors associated with mortality among TKA patients.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Lewkowicz Elizabeth S. , Lafuente Leticia , Maidana Lautaro G. , Bisceglia Juan A. , Iribarren Adolfo M.
Published: July 2022

A synthetic route for the production of chiral derivatives of benzimidazole is presented. Different commercially available amines are evaluated as organocatalysts for the stereoselective aldol addition of N1-benzimidazolyl acetaldehyde, previously prepared by N-alkylation of benzimidazole, with cyclic ketones. When cyclohexanone was used, l-prolinamide proved to be the most efficient catalyst, giving (S)-2-((R)-2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexanone in 92% yield, 90% ee and 92:8 dr (anti/syn).
Breast Cancer in Transgenders: Narrative Review
Authors: Goyal Pankaj , Jain Praveen , Agrawal Chaturbhuj , Jain Sneha Bothra , Talwar Vineet , Batra Ullas , Goyal Sumit , Maheshwari Udip , Chaudhari Krushna , Goel Varun , BP Amrith , Doval Dinesh Chandra
Published: July 2022

The molecular pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC), the second most common cancer, varies significantly between sexes, with minimal data in the transgender population. The overall prevalence of BC in transgenders is estimated to be 0.02%. Besides experiencing social disparities, transgenders have to face a lot of discrimination in the healthcare system. Adversities faced, along with the urge to identify with physical attributes to the gender felt by them, forces transgenders to use non-prescribed hormones. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a key feature of transition-related care, rehabbing mental health, and the quality of life of transgenders, but at the expense of their health. Studies have reported that GAHT is associated with severe health conditions such as cancer in transgenders. Estrogens and testosterone are associated with a moderate risk of developing BC. The types of BC diagnosed in transgenders after cross-sex hormone therapy include invasive ductal and neuroendocrine carcinoma, in addition to tubular adenocarcinoma. Although diagnosed at an age earlier compared with ciswomen, BC screening recommendations for transgenders are the same as for ciswomen. This review studies in detail the types of transgenders, their characteristics, different types of breast cancers associated, issues faced while treatment, and their best possible solutions. We also hope to have well-designed research in the future, which will fill the existing gaps in knowledge and provide scientific insight into the transgender population and issues related to their health. There are no international guidelines on screening and management of transgender patients but it appears that breast screening before cosmetic mastectomy, exposure to hormonal therapy for more than 5 years, and as per natal women screening guidelines should be offered to the patient with detailed discussion on the harms and benefits of the same.
Interconception Health: Improving Equitable Access to Pregnancy Planning
Authors: Black Kirsten I. , Middleton Philippa , LibSt GradDip , Huda Tanvir M. , Srinivasan Sukanya
Published: July 2022

Challenges remain with the implementation of preconception care, as many women do not plan their pregnancies and clinicians do not initiate preconception consultations. However, the interconception period may present a more opportune time to address health issues that impact on pregnancy outcomes and may influence future conceptions. It is also an important time to focus on pregnancy complications that may influence a person's health trajectory. This review discusses the evidence pointing to a need for greater attention on interconception health and focuses on five areas of care that may be particularly important in affecting equitable access to good care before a subsequent pregnancy: interpregnancy intervals, contraception, weight, nutrition, and gestational diabetes follow-up. Several programs internationally have developed models of care for interconception health and this review presents one such model developed in the United States that explicitly seeks to reach vulnerable populations of women who may otherwise not receive preconception care.
Outcomes of Patellar Subchondroplasty Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Huddleston Hailey P. , Cregar William M. , Alzein Mohamad M. , Vadhera Amar S. , Wong Stephanie E. , Yanke Adam B.
Published: July 2022

A select subset of patients can present with anterior knee pain in the setting of normal patellar tracking, no significant cartilage damage, and the presence of a bone marrow lesion (BML) involving the patella on advanced imaging. One novel treatment option for this condition is patellar subchondroplasty, where calcium phosphate is injected into the subchondral bone under fluoroscopic guidance. The purpose of this study is to report preliminary outcomes of patients who have undergone subchondroplasty of the patella. The surgical log of the senior author was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had undergone patellar subchondroplasty from January 2014 to June 2019. Indications for surgery included the presence of retropatellar pain refractory to conservative management without significant arthritis with a related focal BML on magnetic resonance imaging. International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Veterans Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) were obtained preoperatively, at 6 months and at final follow-up. Eight patients (nine knees) who underwent patellar subchondroplasty with minimum 1-year follow-up participated in the study. On preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, patients had a mean BML that was 2 cm in diameter. Patients had a median Kellgren–Lawrence grade of 2 both preoperatively and at final radiographic follow-up (15.50 ± 20.52 months). No patient underwent subsequent surgery or conversion to arthroplasty. Compared with baseline, VR-12 mental (p = 0.046) and physical (p = 0.003), KOOS joint replacement (p = 0.024), KOOS pain (p = 0.033), and KOOS sports (p = 0.034) scores were significantly increased at final follow-up (24.00 ± 13.55 months). In addition, on a scale of 0 to 100, patient-reported satisfaction was 73.88 ± 33.90. This study introduces patellar subchondroplasty as a surgical treatment for patients with symptomatic BMLs of the patella without significant arthritis after failure of conservative management. Our results demonstrated good outcomes and patient satisfaction. In addition, no patients converted to patellofemoral or total knee arthroplasty. This study suggests that patellar subchondroplasty may be a reasonable treatment option in the correct patient population.
Surgical Outcomes and Analysis of Quality of Life Following Knee Arthroplasty in Very Elderly Patients
Authors: Wild Linda , Dimitriou Dimitris , Radzanowski Stephan , Grabherr Michael , Fösel Andreas , Helmy Näder
Published: July 2022

In an aging population, the incidence of severe knee osteoarthritis in very elderly patients increases, leading to functional impairment and loss of independence. Knee replacement could be an effective treatment but is often denied due to fear of increased complication rate with advanced age. The objective of this study was to investigate complication rate, mortality, clinical outcome, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of primary knee replacement in very elderly patients, defined as 83 years or older. Medical records of 85 cases, receiving a primary total (total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) or unicompartmental (unicompartmental knee arthroplasty [UKA]) knee replacement, aged 83 years or older at the time of surgery, were retrospectively reviewed for surgical and medical complications as well as survivorship. Functional outcome was obtained by Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and QALY. At a mean follow-up of 21 months (TKA) and 24 months (UKA), surgical and medical complication rates were 9.7 and 8.1% for TKA and 4.3 and 4.3% for UKA, respectively. One-year survival rate was 98.4% in TKA and 98.8% in UKA, the 5-year survival rate was 83.1 and 86.6%, respectively. OKS improved from 19 to 41 points in TKA and 23 to 40 points in UKA. Mean QALYs were 4.1 years for TKA and 3.9 years for UKA. TKA and UKA are safe and reliable surgical procedures in treating end-stage osteoarthritis in very elderly patients. Patients might benefit from improved pain, function, and quality of life. The mortality rate and overall complication rate were low, although slightly higher than reported in cohorts with younger patients. If the patient is suitable, UKA might be preferred over TKA, as the complication rate was significantly lower. Patients should not be excluded from knee replacement based on their age alone, but careful patient selection, peri- and postoperative optimization, and awareness for complications are quintessential for successful treatment.
Does Simultaneous Fusion of Preexisting Spinal Canal Stenosis Adjacent to Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Achieve a Better Clinical Outcome? A Retrospective Study with More than 5-year Follow-Up
Authors: Wang Xiaohu , Zhang Shaodong , Wang Yu , Shen Yejian , Zhao Yakuan , Wu Xiaotao
Published: July 2022

Background In this study, we investigate the effect of simultaneous fusion of preexisting adjacent spinal canal stenosis on the outcome of patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Methods Patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) from August 2013 to March 2016 were included. The inclusion criteria were the following: single-level spondylolisthesis (L4 or L5) and mild to moderate spinal stenosis at cranial adjacent segment of the spondylolisthesis segment before operation. According to whether the adjacent stenotic segment was included in the scope of surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: group A, only the spondylolisthesis was treated with single-level TLIF, and the adjacent stenosis was not treated with any surgery; In group B, TLIF were performed in the spondylolisthesis segment and the adjacent stenotic level; no spinal stenosis was found in other levels. The patients were followed up for more than 5 years. The general information before operation, visual analog scale (VAS) scores of low back pain and leg pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before operation and at the last follow-up were recorded.

Results A total of 23 patients were included in group A, and 24 patients were included in group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender distribution, age, course of disease, level of slippage, length of stay, degree of spondylolisthesis, stenotic grade of adjacent segment, and intervertebral disk degeneration grade (p> 0.05). The blood loss during surgery in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (p< 0.05). The operation time of group B was longer than that of group A, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.245). There was no significant difference in preoperative VAS and ODI scores between the two groups. At the last follow-up, the VAS scores of low back pain in the two groups were almost the same. However, the VAS scores of leg pain and ODI scores in group B were slightly higher than those in group A at the last follow-up, but the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). If relatives and friends have the similar disease, all the patients of group A and 87.5% of patients in group B would recommend that type of surgery. The satisfaction of group A (100%) was higher than that of group B (79.17%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.068).

Conclusions For single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis with mild to moderate spinal stenosis in adjacent segment before operation, decompression and fusion on the level of spondylolisthesis only is a safe, less invasive, and economical surgical option, with good long-term clinical efficacy and high satisfaction rates.
Analysis of Pulmonary Function in Thymoma Subjects: A 20-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ruan Hongyun , Liu Bin , Yang Xinting , Shang Xuehui , Li Qi
Published: July 2022

Background Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. However, the correlation between thymoma stage and pulmonary function was not assessed. Our objective in this study was to describe the pulmonary function in thymoma subjects stratified with different staging systems.

Methods A total of 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma who underwent extended thymectomy for thymoma between January 2001 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. All the subjects experienced pulmonary function tests (PFTs) using Master Screen PFT system and total respiratory resistance measurement.

Results We evaluated 143 subjects with a diagnosis of thymoma; the significant differences were observed in mean values of vital capacity, inspiratory volume (IC), total lung capacity (TLC), ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC), forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory flow, maximum ventilation volume, total airway resistance, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) across upper airway obstruction classification. PFTs of subjects with varying Masaoka stages are different. RV and RV/TLC of subjects in stages III and IV were higher than those of normal level, while DLCO of subjects in stage IV was lower than the normal level, and the mean level of IC showed significant difference between stage II and stage III.

Discussion The pulmonary function patterns of thymoma subjects significantly correlate with tumor location and size rather than clinical Masaoka stage.