bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implementation of the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) concept on Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate, Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Aulia Dwira Nirfalini , Mahwani Yulinda Eka
Published: May 2020

Home as a place to live is the primary needs of humans as the safest place for them. The need for security is a crucial aspect for human life, and the thing that will prevent to fulfill this need is the occurrence of crimes including in residential areas. With the losses resulting from criminal acts, a defensive effort needed in housing areas by applying the concept of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED). The study took Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate. The research aims to examine the implementation of the CPTED theory in the Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate and develop a security strategy based on the CPTED and its practice in a residential area. The research based on variables, namely elements of public space, footpaths, car parking, external lighting, landscaping, territoriality and maintenance, and target hardening. For this reason, descriptive research conducted with qualitative methods obtained from regional mapping techniques and interviews, also quantitative methods derived from the scoring table in each study sample. The results obtained from this study will show the CPTED implementation in the Taman Setiabudi Indah 1 Estate Medan with recommendations for the application of the concept that is suitable for urban housing.
Gated community typology based on growth and development in Medan City, Indonesia
Authors: Aulia Dwira Nirfalini , Suryani Lisa
Published: May 2020

Theoretically there are three arguments against the gated community. First, gated community as a physical form and a real expression of post-revolutionary social change industry (fragmentation, individualism and increasing community). Second, gated community as a symptom of urban diseases including social classification. Third, the development of fragmentation and individualism is the emergence of elite private groups that contradict the welfare distribution system. So this situation provide the assumption that the allocation of public services is inefficient. The three arguments above are the background of why gated communities thrive in Indonesia. Based on the above arguments, the purpose of this study is to find the typology of gated community settlements based on its development in the Medan City starting from the 1980s until now. In the case of Medan City, the distribution of this settlements are seen by the growing number of gated communities in the South and West regions of Medan City. Even the social groupis formed indirectly affect consumers’ perceptions when choosing the housing locations. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data collection methods in the form of observations and interviews. The method of data analysis is spatial analysis method. The results of this study are expected to find a typology of the form of gated community settlements based on housing size, the formation of public space and the characteristics of residents.
Geotourism and stakeholders: An approach to enhance geoconservation
Authors: Ginting N , Marpaung B O Y , Sinaga F A , Narisa N , Siregar N
Published: May 2020

Tourism is a strategic sector in escalating the economy and improving the life quality of the community. This industry provides advantages in economic and social fields, which is essential in developing a region. In the Lake Toba Geopark of Indonesia, geotourism applies as a development strategy to increase visitors as well as to conserve the environment. Located at two separated geoareas of the geopark, Tongging and Bakkara have substantial prospects to enhance geotourism, given the wealth of natural and cultural elements in both destinations. Conservation is one of the geotourism aspects that maintain environmental sustainability while simultaneously fosters benefits for tourists and local communities. The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of conservation in geotourism through stakeholders approach. It focuses on youth visitors in Tongging and the local community in Bakkara. By using a qualitative method, observations and interviews were conducted in the two locations. The study finds that environmental and cultural conservation contributes to the enhancement of geotourism in Tongging and Bakkara.
Legibility of Building Facades and Imageability of Historical City Center, Case Study: Bukittinggi City Center
Authors: Nurgandarum D , Anjani C F
Published: May 2020

Urban design focuses more on organizing and structuring urban reality rather than the detailed design of the private domain. In this context, urban space legibility and imageability are the very important aspects in urban design. In fact, it is common for the development not to reflect the original characteristics of a region, so that the historical impression of the region fades. This study is aimed to describe the characteristics of “facades legibility” and “area imageability” along Minangkabau street as part of the historical city center of Bukittinggi. By structuring and organizing building facade elements, multi-themes of building facade legibilty and region imageability could be extracted, they are development process image and development product image. Development process image presents the development urban space in colonial, post colonial, dan recent periods. Development product image presents a fundamental character change, from homogeneous-horizontal image to the dominant heterogeneous vertical impression. Horizontality reflects the existence of a communal or collective development. Heterogeneous verticality shows an individual or partial development, that presents conservative, moderate, and radical facade transformations of individual building. Therefore public process approach of designing cities based on the concept of urban heterogeneous self-image become the most important element in urban design management.
Influence of meteorological factors on ecosystem services value:a case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China
Authors: Zhu Z Y , Zhao Z Y , Wang X Y , Li H Q , Yang M F , Chen L H
Published: May 2020

Meteorological factors are one of the natural factors, which affect ecosystem services value(ESV). Influence of meteorological factors was studied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using odinary least square (OLS) with geographical weighted regression (GWR). The main aim of this study was to reveal the differences in the influence mechanism at the global and local levels. The main meteorological factors influencing ESV were temperature and precipitation, followed by humidity. Days with annual daily precipitation≥0.1mm, annual minimum precipitation and annual average relative humidity were three important meteorological factors. Annual temperature range, annual minimum precipitation, days with annual daily precipitation≥0.1mm, in particular, the last one had an obvious positive effect. The positive and negative effects of annual average relative humidity were coexisting, and the negative effect was the main. It was obvious that the spatial distribution characteristics of the local influence mechanism. The local model of GWR can better solve the spatial non-stationarity of the dependent and independent variables, thus it was better than the global model of OLS. The results also provide detailed field information on the different effects of meteorological factors at different locations.
Technical and social assessment of biogas in Yogyakarta and Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Naimah D Y N , Wuri M A , Pertiwiningrum A , Budiarto R , Handayani T P
Published: May 2020

As an agriculture country, Indonesia tries to diverse its energy sources to biogas, especially to reduce fossil energy in household sector. However, biogas plants in Indonesia are barely evaluated after the installation. Therefore, this study was conducted to fill this gap. This study investigated technical and social conditions of biogas implementation in Plosokerep and Wonolelo Village, Yogyakarta and Tanjung Harapan and Dumati Village in Gorontalo. Three out of four communal biogas plants assessed in this study are still operating. Yet, sustainability of the plants faces several challenges, i.e. poor biogas installation (e.g. missing water trap and leaking gas holder), missing system for equal biogas distribution, missing supply chain for biogas spare parts, and week polycentric local governance. Several recommendation to improve this condition are installation of biogas monitoring in distribution pipeline, regular and monitoring and assistance, development of supply chain network with commercial entities, and distribution of power and responsibility to ensure operation of the system if one of stakeholder failed to perform.
Reaction law of high purity chlorine dioxide and typical substances in raw water
Authors: Wang Zhuoyue , Song Wei , Li Ji , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Mengxun
Published: May 2020

Great concern has been risen due to the harmful by-product formation in chlorine dioxide disinfection. To control the by-product formation, we need to know the factor that make a great contribution to generate by-product in drinking water treatment. The Fe2+, Mn2+, organic matter and algae are the most presenting matters that could cause the formation of chlorite; thus, they were selected as factors in the study. The results showed that the amount of by-product chlorite produced increased along with the increase of the concentrations of organic matter, algae and Fe2+ in water, but the presence of Mn2+ didn’t impact on the formation of chlorite. In addition, the interaction between Fe2+ and Mn2+ was observed, but no obvious interaction between other factors was found. So when the concentration of above factors exceed the standard, the chlorine dioxide is not recommended in any step of the water treatment.
Visible light driven photocatalytic nanocomposite for the degradation of Rhodamine B in water
Authors: Rubio-Govea R , Orona-Návar C , Hernández N , García-García A , Ornelas-Soto N E
Published: May 2020

Parallel to the fast growing of population around the world, there has been a rapid increase in the amount of toxic organic waste that end up in water bodies, which is a threat to human health and to the environment. Because of this, there is need for the development of materials that are able to degrade them while using the sunlight. In this work, a Bi2O3/rGO/MoO3 composite was successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method under ambient pressure and low temperature. SEM, STEM and XRD techniques were used to characterize the morphological and crystallographic properties of the composite. It was demonstrated that the amount of GO in the synthesis of the composite has a great effect in the photocatalytic activity and it was found that the best ratio between Bi2O3 and GO was 300:1. The synthesized composite photocatalyst with ratio of 300:1 presented and enhanced photocatalytic activity for Rhodamine B as it was able to degrade around 70 % after 240 min under visible light irradiation, compared to pristine Bi2O3 that was able to degrade around 55 %. Results from this study illustrate the fabrication of a new ternary composite, which shows promising results for its application in the degradation of organic pollutants in water.
Simplex-centroid mixture for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Optimisation
Authors: Meidiana C , Wahyu IM , Dwi Ari IR
Published: May 2020

A model describing the relationship between waste treatment method and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission is proposed in this study. Three constituents, i.e., composting, reuse and recycle are analysed using extreme vertices mixture design to determine the model. Mixture design enables identifying of optimum combination of each constituent producing the lowest GHGs emission. Emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a regress and were analysed how they change when the amount of waste changes. The result showed that there are four possible models. One best model is chosen for its least standard deviation, lowest P-value and the highest adjusted R2 which is 5.764 × 10-3, less than 0.005, and 0.9908 respectively. The model describes that lowest GHGs emission can be achieved by maximizing plastic recycle (into flakes), limiting composting and increasing paper, glass and metal reuse. Composting, reuse and recycle is proportional to the GHGs emission individually, while combination of two constituents is inversely proportional to GHGs emission. The lowest GHGs may be emitted from the plant is 0.107 Gg CO2 equivalent/year with the composition of constituents as followed: 14 % composting, 50 % reuse, and 26 % recycle equals to 1.3 m3, 4.7 m3 and 2.1 m3 waste from each method.
MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) test of metanol extract on rhizophora stylosa and chloroform Avicennia marina against vibriosis in mangrove crab larvae (Scylla serrata forsskal)
Authors: Burhanuddin  , Saru A , Rantetondok A , Zainuddin E N
Published: May 2020

At the level of severe attack, the type of vibrio bacteria cause 100% death in mangrove crab larvae, it can be overcome by using mangrove fruit extracts. Research information on the antibacterial activity of R.Stylosa and A.marina mangrove fruit extracts that cause vibriosis of mangrove crab larvae (Scylla serrata F), including further research on the minimum concentration of mangrove fruit extracts that still able to inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria in mangrove crab larvae, considering the use of medication / extracts at high doses is not safe for the early stages of mangrove crab larvae. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum concentration of mangrove extracts (metanol R.stylosa and Chloroform A.marina) that can inhibit vibriosis in mangrove crab larvae (S. serrata). This study systematically began with fruit sample collection, extraction of R.Stylosa and A.marina active ingredients, bacterial isolation,% of extract calculation and antibacterial activity test for vibrio bacteria, then the minimum mangrove extract concentration or MIC (Minimum inhibition Concentration) test . The MIC test results of metanol extract of R.stylosa fruit were found at concentrations of 1000 ug / mL, where the minimum categorized concentration with area of 6.67ug / mL diamater inhibition zone, and the MIC test results of A.marina chloroform extract were found at concentrations of 250 ug/mL, which the minimum categorized concentration with an area of diameters of inhibition of 8.26 ug / m. The MIC test value is still categorized as safe to be applied to mangrove crab larvae (S. serrata).
The potency of medicinal plants in production forest of Bantaeng, South Sulawesi
Authors: Latifah H , Yusuf Y , Paembonan S , Sanusi D
Published: May 2020

Herbs can contribute not only to ecological function, but also to being a source of food, energy, and medicinal ingredients. This study is to identify and discover the potential of medicinal plants. The study took a site at the Production Forest of Eremerasa, Bantaeng regency. The sampling was performed systematically random by considering land use units. Data collection of medicinal plant species was performed using vegetation analysis methods. Determination of the observation plot followed the land use unit map. The observation was carried out using a 20x20 m plot with an amount of 13 plots applied. The study covered 0.008125 Ha area, successfully identified 14 herb species. The obtained data indicate the moderate biodiversity of plants. Whereas, only 4 herb species are often used by the community around the production forest, namely Ageratum conyzoides, Bryophyllum pinnatum, L. camara, and Melastoma malabathricum, while the 10 remaining species are very rarely to utilize.
The role of youth in developing village
Authors: Rivai K A , Alam A S , Irwan A L
Published: May 2020

There is a probability between funding for BUMDes for various activities in the village in an effort to alleviate poverty but in fact, the poverty rate in the village has not shown significant changes so that researchers are interested in more in-depth assessments. This study looks at (1) describe the role of youth in developing village potential through BUMDes and (2) to analyze the factors that influence the role of youth in developing village potential through BUMDes. The study took place in Pitue village, Ma’rang Subdistrict, Pangkajene and Islands Regency. The research used qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of intensive interviews and direct observation. Interviews took place on several parties involved in BUMDes activities in the village. Among them, the village head of Pitue, Village Secretary, BUMDes Director and several village communities involved in empowerment activities. The results of the interview were then reduced to several pieces of information, then the writer explained the interview reduction process with a confrontation process with several data on secudenders, in the form of government official reports and reports, BPS official reports and documents as well as some field notes found by the author. The results of the study show that young people as a catalyst as well as the main driver of empowerment activities in the village. The forms of activities initiated by youth in encouraging the participation of village people are such as coastal cyclical activities, while empowerment activities are emphasized in processing and processing the production of potential villages. The factors that influence the role of youth in developing village potential through BUMDes are internal factors such as caring and initiative, knowledge and skills, ideas of innovative creativity and external factors namely access to an expansion of opportunities (Pitue village government support).
Analysis effect the price of the demand for chicken eggs in Biringkanaya district
Authors: Astaman P , Siregar A R , Nurbayani S U
Published: May 2020

The demand for eggs in this study is influenced by several factors, namely the price of the item itself, the price of the substitute items. The consumption of animal protein is the most popular among the Indonesian population, among which are purebred chicken eggs. In addition to being easy to obtain, prices are also more affordable for all levels of society. This research was aimed to analyze the effect of chicken egg price, broiler meat price, and tempe price on the demand for chicken eggs of residential consumers in the sub-region of Biringkanaya district in Makassar city. The research method being employed in this study was a survey method. Sampling was conducted through a cluster random sampling method; the data collected included the primary data from 60 household respondents through observations, interviews, and questionnaires, then the data obtained will be analyzed using Multiple Linear Analysis using a computer program of Statistical Solution of Products and Services. The results of this study showed that the independent variables are the price of chicken eggs, broiler meat price and tempe price significantly affected the demand for chicken eggs. While partially that each of the price chicken eggs and broiler meat price is significantly affected, but tempe price is not significantly affected for the demand of chicken eggs.
Cayyene pepper: structure and supply chain performance in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Indriani R , Darma R , Musa Y , Tenriawaru A N , Mahyuddin
Published: May 2020

The research aims to examine the structure and performance of the cayenne pepper supply chain. The study was conducted in Gorontalo from January to March 2019. The research was using the survey method. Data analysis was using descriptive and marketing efficiency analysis. The results showed 1) The structure of the cayenne pepper supply chain in Gorontalo Province consists of seven distribution channels. Sale of cayenne pepper by farmers through collectors (40 percent), wholesalers (26.67 percent), market traders (10 percent), and retailers (23.33 percent). The primary members of the cayenne supply chain consist of farmers, collectors, wholesalers, out-of-town traders, market traders, retailers, consumers, and agroindustries. The secondary members are farm shops, banks, transportation service providers, the Agriculture Service, and information media. 2) The most efficient distribution channel is channel six because the smallest marketing efficiency value is 3.17 percent. The cayenne pepper’s market in Gorontalo runs inefficiently because it has a price transmission elasticity value of 1.11 (Et> 1). It means the rate of change in prices at the consumer level is greater than the rate of change in prices at the farmer’s level.
Comparative study on rituals in highland farming areas In North Sumatera and in Tohoku
Authors: Situmorang Ferdinand C , Maksimiliana Ginting Nina , Dawapa Merry , Amiruddin A
Published: May 2020

Traditional community has local wisdom in managing the relationship between man and man, man and nature, and man and God. The Japanese tradition gives the priority the relationship between man and nature because they believe that Nature is the most important place for human beings and gods. Therefore, in the Japanese traditional community, man and gods have to guard nature against damages. In order to conserve this local wisdom, they use myths, taboos, and rules. In today’s modern Japan, the Japanese still maintain their tradition so that it is commonly said that the Japanese are walking on two traditions: modern and traditional. In today’s highland farming in Japan, the Japanese farmers still perform ritual ceremonies such as rituals in planting rice plants, rituals in weeding and getting rid of pests, rituals in harvesting, and ritual after harvesting. Meanwhile, in the highland farming in North Sumatera, people’s tradition has changed. Today, farmers hunt wild animals such as birds, bats, and snakes because they damage ecosystem; but, as many wild animals are eaten by people, rats and pests/insects become flourish so that farmers now use a lot of chemical insecticide. In consequence, harvests become worse and farmers become poorer. Therefore, there is the difference in local wisdom between high land farmers in Japan and highland farmers in North Sumatera. In this research, the researcher did field research in Tohoku, Japan, and in Batak area, North Sumatera, in order to find out the differences. The theory of cultural comparative science was used in studying local wisdom of the farmers in these two areas. It is recommended that local wisdom be maintained for the local people’s welfare. This research was financed by the Japanese related research program, Sumitomo Foundation.
Government expenditure and investment on economic growth in Merauke Regency
Authors: Asrudi  , Ulita A S , Meilvidiri W , Nahumury M A I , Manuhutu F Y , Jusni
Published: May 2020

Developing regions can be seen from economic activities that experience economic growth every year. This can be observed from the activities of economic sectors that continue to develop. The purpose of this paper is to find out the influence level of government expenditure variable, investment variable, and economic growth. As for the data used in this research are government expenditure, investment, and economic growth to observe the direct effect of the government expenditure variable (x1), investment variable (x2) and economic growth (y). The effect of government expenditure (x1) on economic growth (y) is positive and significant with a t value of 9.449 and Coefficient value of 0.379. While the direct effect of the investment variable (x2) on economic growth (y) shows a positive but not significant effect. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between government expenditure on economic growth that has a positive and significant effect, while investment has no significant impact on economic growth.
Influence of fiscal decentralization on the economic growth of public welfare and poverty between regions of Province of Papua
Authors: Hiktaop K , Ulita A S , Meilvidiri W , Herdjiono M V I , Hayon P P
Published: May 2020

This research aims to understand the impact of fiscal decentralization on improving the economy, public welfare, and poverty in the province of Papua. The population and sample of this research were 20 districts/cities in the Papua province. The data analysis used a multivariate model analysis based on the structural equation Modeling WarpPLS variant. The results showed that fiscal decentralization positively influenced the economic growth and the improvement in public welfare, but negatively influenced poverty. Meanwhile, economic growth negatively influenced public welfare. On the other hand, the growth positively influenced poverty reduction, and public welfare influenced poverty. In addition, the results of the mediation test showed that economic growth was able to fully mediate between fiscal decentralization and poverty reduction, yet the economic growth became the partial mediation between fiscal decentralization and public welfare.
Carrying capacity of horticulture intensive farming land in Enrekang Regency (study: Anggeraja District)
Authors: Laga Z , Mustari K , Arsyad U
Published: May 2020

The carrying capacity of farming land was analyzed so that the planning and development of the agriculture field can be processed according to land ability. This study aims to determine whether the carrying capacity of the status about agricultural land in the district of Anggeraja surplus or deficit, relations between land capability and carrying capacity of the land, as well as finding an effort to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land in the district Anggeraja intensive horticulture. The research was conducted in the District of Anggeraja. This type of research is surveys using descriptive methods such as field data collection, data processing field, as well as the mapping method to see land capability at the study sites. Agricultural land carrying capacity analysis based on the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment Number 17 of 2009 and spatial analysis of land capability. The results showed that the District of Anggeraja is surplus status. Surplus for the value of the availability of land (SL) is greater than the value of the land needs (DL) which shows that the availability of land is still sufficient for biological products in the Anggeraja District. Efforts to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land-intensive horticulture includes components the support means include a dam and road infrastructure support including fertilizers and pesticides as well as capital, support land productivity, among others, the selection of seeds, the use of organic fertilizers, and integrated pest management, support conservation of natural resources and the environment, among others, crop rotation, terracing and mounds.
Development strategy of apparatuses performance in the management of conservation area of South Sulawesi natural resource conservation
Authors: Mujahid F , Yusuf Y , Yunus M
Published: May 2020

This study aims: (1) to analyze the implementation of performance management in the management of conservation areas at the South Sulawesi Natural Resources Conservation Center; (2) formulating a strategy for developing apparatus performance in the management of conservation areas at the South Sulawesi Natural Resources Conservation Center. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach conducted at the Central Office for Conservation of Natural Resources in South Sulawesi. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis techniques and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the implementation of performance management conducted at the South Sulawesi KSDA Center was not optimal. This is due to the limited number of State Civil Apparatus Office of South Sulawesi KSDA, the lack of training and education for the State Civil Apparatus, as well as facing Problems in the management of conservation areas (encroachment, illegal logging, and forest fires). However, the performance management process at the South Sulawesi KSDA Center has already proceeded from performance planning, performance implementation, and performance evaluation. Based on the SWOT analysis the priority strategies for developing the performance of the South Sulawesi KSDA Office personnel are: (1) Improving employee performance by implementing the ASN Management merit system, (2) Improving effective performance management by increasing the quality and quantity of employees, (3) Providing education and training for conservation area managers, and (4) Organizing staff according to education and competence.
The development of kacang goat based on the feed of Metroxylon sago pulp
Authors: Nogo R P , Darma R , Syaiful S A
Published: May 2020

Sago processing as local food continues, however, the sago pulp is not utilized optimally even unused so that there is a buildup of sago pulp waste which is increasing and can pollute the environment. This research aimed to investigate the potentials of sago pulp which could be used as the feeds of goat livestock, investigating the increase of the bodyweight of goat livestock; and investigating the effect of the use of sago pulp fermentation on the efficiency consumption, palatability, KcBK, given to kacang goat livestock. The research was conducted in Merauke Regency by using 12 kacang goats. The research was conducted for 2 months from May through July 2018. The goats were given three types of treatments and were divided into four groups (T0 T1 and T2) with the following model: T0 as the control group and received 100% of grass, T1 as the control + 20% of sago pulp fermentation and T2 as the control + 30% of sago pulp fermentation. The method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD), and the Variance analysis was used to analyze the efficiency of the feed of sago pulp waste, the level of palatability, the digestibility of dry matters (KcBK), and the body weight gain of the livestock. And in order to look at the effect of the feeds before and after the treatments, a T-test was used. The research results indicated that the increases in the body weight of the male kacang goats treated with 20% and 30% were 7. 05 kg and 12. 3 kg, respectively. The treatments using the sago pulp fermentation at the level of 20% and 30% were lower (5.9 kg) of the 30% group and (4.48) of the 20% group, compared to that of the control group (6.7 kg), A significant difference was also shown between the body weights of the male goats and female goats (12.3 kg and 5.9 kg respectively. The feed consumption of the kacang goats in the 30% treatment was 28.930 gr better than the control group which was 22.370 gr, and the treatment with 30% of sago pulp fermentation was more efficient 13.1 % compared to the control group which had only 7.87%. The KcBK in kacang goats showed an increase of digestibly of the dry matter in the 30% treated male goats were significantly different (63.25%) compared to that in the 30% female goats (59. 40%). This proved that the addition of sago pulp fermentation given to the kacang goats could increase the body weight, feed efficiency, palatability level and therefore it could be used as the substitute feeds in the dry season.
The utility of cocoa pods husk M45 (Theobroma cocoa) as adsorbent of heavy metals, iron (Fe) and copper in the laboratory wastewater
Authors: Pabbenteng  , Samawi F W , Maming
Published: May 2020

Adsorption is one of the alternative media for processing wastewater. The study aims to use cocoa pods husk M45 (Theobroma Cacao) as a biosorbent in reducing Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions content in the laboratory liquid waste. This research was carried out through two systems, batch and continuous systems. The batch system was conducted to determine optimum contact time, optimum pH, and adsorption capacity, whereas the continuous system was intended to determine the adsorbent height and the maximum flow rate of laboratory liquid waste. The methods used in this study were adsorption and filtration. The adsorption results were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results found that the optimum contact time and the optimum pH for the adsorption of metal ions by cocoa pods husk M45 were 90 minutes and 6, respectively. The optimum flow rate of the wastewater in the continuous system was 6.166 mL/sec with an adsorbent height of 15 cm in the 2-inch adsorption column. The adsorption capacity of adsorbent based on the Langmuir isotherm was 11.074 mg/g for Fe (III) and 28.4091 mg/g for Cu (II).
Relationship Between Institutional Sustainability and SMEs Production Sustainability(Case Study: SMEs of Fish Processing Unit, in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Salman D , Karim M , Genisa J , Rahmadanih
Published: May 2020

The institutional sustainability of SMEs is determined by the ability of institutions to build an input-process-output relationship and the contingency power of the environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between institutional sustainability and the sustainability of production. Data collection was carried out by field observations, in-depth interviews and documentation and data were analyzed using a case descriptive technique. The results of the study show that SMEs of fish processing unit that can operate sustainably is only 38 percent. Institutional Sustainability of SMEs of fish processing unit can be seen from its ability to provide input systems with continuous in quality and quantity; carry out the production process in accordance with the principles of GMP and SSOP dynamically and continuously; the ability to build a product marketing system through extensive network and marketing cooperation; and maintain contingency with the mandate/task environment; both suppliers, customers and competitors. The contingency power with the political and economic environment supporting the institutional sustainability of SMEs.
Strategy management area coral viewed from threat level in tanah Bumbu regency South Kalimantan
Authors: Jamal R , Zubair H , Yanuarita G , Budimawan  , Rasyid A , Idrus M R
Published: May 2020

The major threats of coral reefs are anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic factors. The research aims to determine the threat level and formulate a strategy to manage coral reefs. The methods used are lozenge, the analysis of threat status, the analysis of hierarchy processes and the interpretation of strategic management. Threat assessment was based on an expert view obtained through a questionnaire. The results of the research indicate that the low threat level of coral reefs is 225.84 ha (66.3%) and the moderate threat level is 114.58 ha (33.7%). The result of modeling for the next 20 years indicates that the low threat is 84.03 ha (24.69%), the moderate threat is 238.49 ha (70.06%,) and the high threat 17.88 ha ( 5.25%). The management strategies used are watershed conservation, harbor management, the prevention of destructive fishing practices, integrated and sustainable marine tourism management, revitalization of coastal settlements and the control of population growth, and adaptive management for coral reefs related to global warming.
Diversity of bird species at teon nila serua subdistrict seram island moluccas
Authors: Sitanala M R , Hitipeuw J CH , Latupapua L
Published: May 2020

The research about Diversity of Bird species at Subdistric Teon Nila Serua Seram Island was carried on several habitat types, conducted in August 2012. This research aims to compile the diversity of bird species at some habitat types and study the use of vegetation by the birds. The observation of the birds were used Variable Circular Plots (VCP), and Continuous Strip Sampling for vegetation observed. To count of the birds were used Point Count with Index Point Abundance (IPA), and to analysis of the birds diversities were used Index Shannon-Wiener. The result of research showed as much 48 bird species of 23 families; 28 species of 19 families were found in shrubs and garden, 31 species of 16 families were found in secondary forest, and 28 species of 16 families were found in primary forest. The highest bird diversity (H’ = 1,26) was found in the primary forest. The factors that affect the diversity of birds species are feed-producing vegetation, predators, human activity, and weather factors.
Identification of bats on traditional market in dumoga district, North Sulawesi
Authors: Ransaleleh TA , Nangoy MJ , Wahyuni I , Lomboan A , Koneri R , Saputro S , Pamungkas J. , Latinne A
Published: May 2020

Fruit bats are used as food by the Minahasan tribe in North Sulawesi. This is evident in some traditional markets where various species of fruit bats are sold. As a consequence, bats are continually over hunted for human consumption, threatening bat populations. This study aims to identify bat species sold in traditional markets in Dumoga district, North Sulawesi. Field surveys were performed and data collected in three traditional markets namely Ibolian, Imandi, and Dumoga, located nearby the Nani Warta Bone National Park. The collected samples were identified using morphometric measurements and physical characteristics, then analyzed by descriptive method. From these markets were identified and consisted of Acerodon celebensis, Dobsonia exoleta, Neopteryx frosti, Styloctenium wallacei, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Thoopterus nigrescens, Nyctimene chephalotes, and unknown species. Five of these bat species are endemic to Sulawesi (Acerodon celebensis, Dosonia exoleta, Neopteryx frosti, Styloctenium wallacei, and Thoopterus nigrescens). According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red-List, two species have declined status (Styloctenium wallacei Near Threatered (NT), and Acerodon celebensis Vulnarable (VU)), and one species is threatened with extinction status (Neopteryx frosti endangered (EN)).
synergy between student and communities to manage waste in Makassar city Indonesia
Authors: Seniwati  , Sutinah  , Rahmatia  , Akbar M
Published: May 2020

Good synergy or relationship between students and the community is needed in fieldwork activities. Students build synergy with the community through collaborative activities. Community Service Program is a form of community service to implement the knowledge gained during lectures. Community service aims to minimize the gap between the community and students. The synergy between students and the community in KKN (Community Service) activities can be a place to build management in environmental management. The purpose of this paper is to explore the efforts of synergy that have been carried out by students in protecting the environment in Makassar City.
Land characteristics and suitability for tilapia culture at different seasons in brackish water ponds of Bontoa Subdistrict, Maros Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Mustafa A , Asaad A I J , Rimmer M A
Published: May 2020

Non-shrimp commodities diversification is an alternative for increasing aquaculture production, including brackish water ponds in Bontoa Subdistrict, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Therefore, a study was conducted to analysis land characteristics in an effort to determine land suitability for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in ponds at different seasons. Factors considered in determining land characteristics and suitability are topography and tide, soil quality, water quality, and climate. Spatial analysis in Geographic Information Systems is used in determining land suitability for tilapia in ponds. The results showed that the land of ponds in the Bontoa Subdistrict has a slope of less than 2%, a tide of 1.38 m, dominated by acid sulfate soil, low water salinity in the rainy season and relatively high of salinity in the dry season with rainfall reaches 3,531 mm/year. In rainy season, from 3,072.6 ha of ponds in Bontoa Subdistrict, 252.2 ha classified as highly suitable (S1 class) and 2,820.4 ha is moderately suitable (S2 class) for tilapia, while in dry season which is moderately suitable (S2 class) area of 2,207.9 ha and classified as not suitable (N class) area of 864.7 ha. High water salinity in the dry season in Bontoa Subdistrict is the main limiting factor for tilapia in ponds.
Removal of Mn (II) from aqueous environment using Eucheuma spinosum
Authors: Nafie N L , Ayunita D P , Taba P
Published: May 2020

Eucheuma spinosum is one of the seaweed species that can be found abundantly in Takalar Regency. The biomass of this seaweed has been used to remove Mn (II) ion from the aqueous solution via the adsorption process using E. spinosum. The adsorption of Mn (II) ion was studied in various contact time, pH and concentration. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was an instrument used to determine the amount of ion before and after adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich’s equations were used to study the adsorption isotherms of the ion. The results showed that the optimum time obtained was 20 minutes and the optimum pH was 4. The Freundlich isotherm fitted the adsorption of ion Mn (II) using E. spinosum with the capacity (Qo) of 4.13 mg/g. The functional group involved in biosorption of Mn (II) metal ions was hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Implementation of Green Construction on the Use of Formwork at St. Thomas Building Construction Project
Authors: Luthan P L A , Sitanggang N , Betaubun P , Prima J
Published: May 2020

Formwork is a molding tool to get the shape of concrete to work as planned. The cost of making formwork is proportional to the cost of reinforced concrete work, so the right methods and strategies are needed to calculate the cost of formwork that can be used repeatedly. When making a bill of quantities, the cost of formwork used is adjusted to the work item, and in the calculation, the formwork that has been used in one application is no longer used for the next. But the reality in the field formwork can be used repeatedly with the right methods and strategies so that the cost for making formwork can be efficient by applying green construction strategy with the Reuse concept. This study aims to determine the methods and strategies as well as the percentage of green construction using green formwork for each building floor. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are used to collect data through observation, interviews, and documentation related to the use of formwork in projects. Quantitative methods are used to calculate the cost of formwork for semi-system methods and one-floor rotation strategies. The results of the research found are the semi-system method and one-floor rotation strategy resulting in the formwork cost savings by 36.10%, and the reduced material on the application of green construction can reduce material successively by 8% for the second use, 16% for the third use, and 24% for the fourth use. This finding contributes to the list of work analysis related to formwork making.
The role of the government, in the development of border areas, in North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Waworundeng W , Niode B , Kimbal A , Rengkung R , Santa N M
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of government in the implementation of regional autonomy, especially in the border regions of North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted using a survey method in the border areas in North Sulawesi Province, namely the Sangihe Islands, Talaud, Siau Tagulandang and Biaro, then comparing it with Manado City which is the Provincial Capital. The data are then analyzed descriptively about the development of the value of the human development index, and government policies. The results showed that local governments play a role in development as evidenced by the value of the Human Development Index which increased from 2010-2018. Although the HDI value of Manado City is higher than the border area, in general regional development has been carried out and the government has implemented regional autonomy.
Cacao leaf litter decomposition under different moisture and pH: Characteristic of soil N mineralization (NH4
+ and NO3
−) and Greenhouse gas CO2, CH4, N2O flux emission
Authors: Nahdia  , Toma Y , Paembonan S A
Published: May 2020

Plants litter as soil organic matter turn over to soil by the decomposition process. Decomposition is regulated by environmental factors, such as soil water content and pH. High water content (90%) and pH 6.2 increased CO2 gas production rate, lowest water content (30%) and pH 4.9 increased NH4
+ N-mineralization into the soil as decomposition result. In this study, we investigated cacao leaf litter decomposition in soil. Cacao leaf litter was applied in a 100 mL polypropylene bottle with 70 g air-dried soil, but only the soil was applied as a control. For the litter-amended treatments, 2 g (oven-dry weight) with 2 mm sized cacao leaf litter was placed on the soil surface. The treatment with different soil moisture and pH regimes were soil moisture and pH of 30% and 4.9 (SLWC30i), 30% and 6.2 (SLWC306), 60% and 4.9 (SLWC60i), 60% and 6.2 (SLWC606), 90% and 4.9 (SLWC90i), 90% and 6.2 (SLWC906), respectively. All treatment was incubated at 25°C under the dark condition for 28 days. Extractable NO3
− and NH4
+ concentration, and soil greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O) were measured. Highest extractable NO3
− and NH4
+ concentration showed in SWC906 (30.7 mg N kg−1) and SLWC606 (87.1 mg N kg−1), respectively. Soil greenhouse gas production rate highest in water content 90% pH 6.2, CO2 was 3.82 kg C period−1, CH4 was 0.0089 kg C period−1, N2O was 0.016 kg N period−1.
Post utilization of eceng gondok and ketapang leaf extract to reduce phosphate levels in domestic waste
Authors: Ilham P B , Nafie N L , Budi P
Published: May 2020

Utilization of enceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) and ketapang (Terminalia catappa) was to reduce phosphate levels in domestic waste. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract in reducing phosphate levels in household wastewater and determine the optimal time that can be generated of the use of a combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract. The approach of this research is an experimental study that aims to treat domestic phosphate-containing wastewater, using small-scale wastewater installations with a simple process for the treatment of waste produced from households. The results of this study showed that the combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract effectively had a significant effect in reducing the value of phosphate content in the wastewater. While the optimal residence time in this study was obtained, a decrease in phosphate levels using a combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract occurred on the 18th day.
Correlation of fixed carbon content and calorific value of South Sulawesi Coal, Indonesia
Authors: Anshariah  , Imran AM , Widodo S , Irvan U R
Published: May 2020

This study aims to correlate fixed carbon content using proximate analysis and calorific value analysis of the South Sulawesi Mallawa Formation coal. The study was conducted at two locations, namely in the Massenrengpulu Region of Bone Regency and Pujananting Region in Barru Regency. The research method used is the collection of field data each using the channel sampling method (ply by ply), which represents the lower layer, middle layer and upper layer. Then a proximate analysis is performed to obtain a fixed carbon content and an analysis of the calorific value. The results of the analysis show that, coal in the Pujananting area shows a correlation between the percentage of fixed carbon and the calorific value has a very good correlation with the linear regression value of 0.9994. Similar to the Mallawa Formation coal in the Massenrengpulu area, the correlation of fixed carbon content and calorific value shows a very good correlation with a linear regression value of 0.9998. An increase in the percentage of fixed carbon in coal will be followed by an increase of calorific value. This increasingly shows a very strong correlation between fixed carbon content and calorific value in coal.