bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Patients With Altitude-Related Hypertension and Essential Hypertension at High Altitude
Authors: Wang Xiao-zhou , Bian Hui-ping , Yang Lei , Xu Xiao-long , Bai Jie , Han Qiong , Yan Ping , Zhang Jing , Zhou Qian , Zhao Cai-lian , Duo Jie , Ma Zhan-qing , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

Background

To investigate the clinical characteristics of essential hypertension (EH) and altitude-related hypertension (ARH) hospitalized in Qinghai, and to provide the relevant information for the prevention and treatment of ARH.

Methods

A total of 1,987 hypertensive patients from 3.0 to 4.5 km altitude areas, and hospitalized in Qinghai Cardio-Cerebrovascular Hospital were enrolled. Among them, 165 patients with elevated blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP ≥140 and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg) at high altitude and normal BP or BP reduction >20/10 mm Hg 2 weeks after arriving at Xining (altitude 2.26 km) were defined as ARH.

Results

Compared with EH, ARH patients at higher altitude had earlier onset age (48.0 ± 11.5 vs. 54.4 ± 9.8 years, P < 0.001), higher percentage of male patients (77.6% vs. 55.3%, P < 0.001), higher diastolic BP (115.8 ± 18.5 vs. 108.6 ± 15.4 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and lower systolic BP (165.9 ± 21.3 vs. 178.9 ± 24.4 mm Hg, P < 0.001). Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and uric acid levels were higher in ARH patients than in EH patients (P < 0.05). Echocardiography showed that the right atrial and ventricular diameters were larger in ARH than EH (P < 0.05). The proportion of pulmonary artery hypertension in ARH was higher than EH (9.1% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.020), but there was no significant difference in the target organ damage and clinical complications of hypertension between the 2 groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, Han nationality, high-altitude living, elevated hemoglobin and uric acid, and obesity were associated with the occurrence of ARH.

Conclusions

ARH is prevalent in young and middle-aged men, and is associated with Han nationality, elevated hemoglobin, uric acid, and obesity.
Accuracy of vancomycin AUC values estimated with trough-only data in a veteran population
Authors: Fewel Nathan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of estimating area under the curve (AUC) values using only vancomycin trough concentrations versus both peak and trough values derived from applying 4 different volume of distribution (Vd) models in a veteran population.

Methods

This retrospective, observational study was performed from July 2021 to April 2022 using data from 5 Veterans Affairs hospitals across the US. AUC values for a total of 259 veterans were included in the analysis, with 10 excluded after pooling of data. Trough-only AUC values were calculated with 1-compartment intermittent infusion equations (Sawchuk-Zaske equations) using age- and weight-adjusted Vd values derived from an online calculator (VancoPK) or fixed Vd values specified by 3 comparator models.

Results

The mean population peak-trough AUC was 496 (range, 266-886). Of the 4 Vd models evaluated, the VancoPK model was the most accurate and precise, yielding a mean trough-only AUC of 491, with a correlation of 0.925; the root mean square error was 41, meaning that approximately 95% of the trough-only AUCs were within 82 points of values calculated using AUC peak-trough couplets.

Conclusion

A trough-only AUC estimation approach has many advantages over a peak-trough approach. The equation Vd = 0.29 (age) + 0.33 (actual BW in kg) + 11 provided accurate and precise AUC estimates with trough-only data when applied to pharmacokinetic equations in a veteran population.
Treatment-experienced patient with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass successfully treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir: A case report
Authors: Mod Alexis Taylor , Katz Rivka
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, who had previously taken 2 other direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), successfully treated with a sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir regimen.

A 64-year-old, African American male presented for management of HCV genotype 1a infection after 2 failed courses of treatment. The patient had a history of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and he was unable to discontinue proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use during all treatment regimens. He was originally treated with 12 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir but relapsed 3 to 4 months post treatment. The patient had undergone RYGB for the treatment of obesity. After surgery, the patient was re-treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. The patient again relapsed 3 months after completing therapy. At our clinic, the patient was started on sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir for 12 weeks. The patient decided on his own to chew the medication, as he was concerned about medication absorption post surgery, and took concurrent once-daily esomeprazole. Confirmatory posttreatment laboratory work showed his HCV RNA viral load remained undetectable, indicating sustained virologic response, and the patient was deemed cured of HCV.

Conclusion

A patient with a history of relapse after previous DAA therapy and RYGB was successfully treated for HCV infection with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir tablets, which he chewed. This case report shows sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir may be an effective treatment option in the RYGB population, although additional research is needed.
Difference in Perception of Nasal Aesthetic Appearance Between Surgeons and Rhinoplasty Patients: A Single-Center Perspective
Authors: Kim Cherine H , Kandathil Cherian K , Saltychev Mikhail , Youn Gun Min , Shah Jay P , Khan Suleman Imran , Buba Cibele Madsen , Okland Tyler S , Wei Eric X , Fullerton Zoe , Most Sam P
Published: December 2022

Background

Patient satisfaction is an essential outcome measure after a rhinoplasty. Yet it is not known whether the opinions of rhinoplasty patients and surgeons on nasal aesthetic appearance differ.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the differences between patients and surgeons in their perception of nasal aesthetic appearance.

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 300 patients seen in consultation for cosmetic, functional, or combined cosmetic and functional rhinoplasty at a single tertiary care center from June 2017 to June 2020 was studied. Based on preoperative patient images, 6 surgeons with varying levels of expertise assessed nasal aesthetics utilizing a modified Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey for nasal cosmesis (SCHNOS-C). These scores were then compared to the patient-reported SCHNOS-C scores.

Results

The cosmetic, functional, and combined subgroups consisted of 100 patients each. The mean [standard deviation] age was 35.4 [13.7] years and 64% were women. The modified SCHNOS-C scores were well-correlated among the 6 surgeons but showed only weak correlations of 0.07 to 0.20 between patient-reported scores and scores assessed by the surgeons. Compared with the surgeon's scores, patients in the cosmetic subgroup perceived their nasal aesthetic problems to be more severe whereas the those in the functional subgroup perceived their nasal aesthetic problems to be milder compared with the surgeons’ assessment.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that patients and surgeons perceive nasal cosmesis differently. This difference should be considered carefully when planning rhinoplasty or assessing its outcome.
Synthetic Reabsorbable Mesh (GalaFLEX) as Soft Tissue Adjunct in Breast Augmentation Revision Surgery
Authors: Buccheri Ernesto Maria , Villanucci Amedeo , Mallucci Patrick , Bistoni Giovanni , de Vita Roy
Published: December 2022

Background

A significant number of patients with a previous submuscular breast augmentation require a revision surgical procedure during their long-term follow-up period that involves changing the implant pocket from submuscular to subglandular. Reduced soft tissue thickness represents a major concern, discouraging surgeons from undertaking this approach.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether a synthetic resorbable mesh used as a supplemental covering device was safe and yielded improved soft tissue thickness and protection against capsular contracture in patients undergoing implant plane shift to subglandular.

Methods

A retrospective review of 34 patients who underwent revision of a previous breast augmentation involving implant change in a subglandular pocket and upper pole GalaFLEX (Galatea Surgical, BD; Franklin Lakes, NJ) mesh coverage was conducted. Onset of minor and major complications was recorded during short- and medium-term follow-up. Patient satisfaction was assessed via an anonymous questionnaire administered 6 months postoperatively.

Results

During the follow-up period, which ranged from a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 28 months, no minor or major complications were reported. In particular, no wrinkling/rippling or significant capsular contracture onset was observed. High levels of patient satisfaction were determined, according to self-reporting questionnaires.

Conclusions

The initial results of this preliminary report from this case series demonstrate the safety of GalaFLEX as a supplemental device in terms of improved soft tissue coverage of the implant for complex revisional cases in breast augmentation.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Efficacy and Associated Learning Curve of Office-Based High-Resolution Ultrasound to Detect Shell Failure in Breast Implants
Authors: Ferenz Sarah , McGuire Patricia , Glicksman Caroline
Published: December 2022

Background

High-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) is widely employed in plastic surgery practices to detect implant rupture prior to revisional surgery. Published research has found a good overall accuracy of shell failure detection. The literature often references a learning curve associated with incorporating this imaging technique into a medical practice, but it has yet to be visualized or defined.

Objective

This study was undertaken to calculate current testing statistics for use of HRUS to detect shell failure and to define the learning curve associated with the predicted improvement reflected by statistics of test and surgeon proficiency.

Methods

A retrospective review of sequential in-office HRUSs on patients with breast implants was conducted across 2 plastic surgery practices. Preoperative ultrasound reports and intraoperative findings were compared. Test statistics were calculated for each group of 10 subsequent patients, and a regression analysis was performed to define the learning curve.

Results

A total of 480 implants were examined and averages for all test statistics were calculated. All were higher than most of the previously reported literature standards. The regression analysis showed a linear improvement for both sensitivity and specificity over time, with significant improvement in sensitivity.

Conclusion

Results show that HRUS is highly effective in detecting shell failure in breast implants. There is also a calculable linear improvement for all test values of the HRUS over time. Surgeons were able to remain above the literature standard for sensitivity after their 60th HRUS reading. This improvement shows that continued use and practice of the imaging technique allow for more accurate findings.
Existence of biogeographic barriers for the long-term Neogene–Quaternary divergence and differentiation ofKoenigia forrestiiin the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains
Authors: Rana Hum Kala , Rana Santosh Kumar , Luo Dong , Sun Hang
Published: December 2022

The prolonged interplay between orographic and climatic changes creates biogeographic barriers, resulting in the allopatric differentiation of plants in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Such consequences have led us to investigate the long-term Neogene–Quaternary geo-climatic history of the Eastern Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Narrowly distributed populations of Koenigia forrestii were sampled (ten populations, 97 individuals) and analysed for their genetic architecture, including phylogenetic reconstruction (based on plastome and plastid DNA/nuclear regions), molecular dating and demography, in combination with niche dynamics. We estimated that K. forrestii (stem age: 11.39 Mya) diverged into three non-overlapping distributed lineages during the Neogene–Quaternary periods (5.84–2.57 Mya), with Eastern Himalaya (EHa) being the first and most diverse lineage. ‘Isolation by environment’ revealed the existence of genetic structures that were significantly affected by the disparate environment. The presence of demographic events is well supported by the Bayesian skyline plot, indicating recent demographic expansion. Hence, lineage divergence and differentiation were mainly triggered by the heterogeneous environment associated with the biogeographic barriers due to the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra Grand Canyon, Mekong-Salween Divide and local mountain systems. Nevertheless, niche shift and local adaptation are the keys to determining the genetic architecture, demographic dynamics and diversification history of K. forrestii.
Disturbed hippocampal intra-network in first-episode of drug-naïve major depressive disorder
Authors: Watanabe Keita , Okamoto Naomichi , Ueda Issei , Tesen Hirofumi , Fujii Rintaro , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Yoshimura Reiji , Kakeda Shingo
Published: December 2022

Complex networks inside the hippocampus could provide new insights into hippocampal abnormalities in various psychiatric disorders and dementia. However, evaluating intra-networks in the hippocampus using MRI is challenging. Here, we employed a high spatial resolution of conventional structural imaging and independent component analysis to investigate intra-networks structural covariance in the hippocampus. We extracted the intra-networks based on the intrinsic connectivity of each 0.9 mm isotropic voxel to every other voxel using a data-driven approach. With a total volume of 3 cc, the hippocampus contains 4115 voxels for a 0.9 mm isotropic voxel size or 375 voxels for a 2 mm isotropic voxel of high-resolution functional or diffusion tensor imaging. Therefore, the novel method presented in the current study could evaluate the hippocampal intra-networks in detail. Furthermore, we investigated the abnormality of the intra-networks in major depressive disorders. A total of 77 patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder and 79 healthy subjects were recruited. The independent component analysis extracted seven intra-networks from hippocampal structural images, which were divided into four bilateral networks and three networks along the longitudinal axis. A significant difference was observed in the bilateral hippocampal tail network between patients with major depressive disorder and healthy subjects. In the logistic regression analysis, two bilateral networks were significant predictors of major depressive disorder, with an accuracy of 78.1%. In conclusion, we present a novel method for evaluating intra-networks in the hippocampus. One advantage of this method is that a detailed network can be estimated using conventional structural imaging. In addition, we found novel bilateral networks in the hippocampus that were disturbed in patients with major depressive disorders, and these bilateral networks could predict major depressive disorders.
Hydrogels for the management of second-degree burns: currently available options and future promise
Authors: Cook Katherine A , Martinez-Lozano Edith , Sheridan Robert , Rodriguez Edward K , Nazarian Ara , Grinstaff Mark W
Published: December 2022

Burn wounds result from exposure to hot liquids, chemicals, fire, electric discharge or radiation. Wound severity ranges from first-degree injury, which is superficial, to fourth-degree injury, which exposes bone, tendons and muscles. Rapid assessment of burn depth and accurate wound management in the outpatient setting is critical to prevent injury progression into deeper layers of the dermis. Injury progression is of particular pertinence to second-degree burns, which are the most common form of thermal burn. As our understanding of wound healing advances, treatment options and technologies for second-degree burn management also evolve. Polymeric hydrogels are a class of burn wound dressings that adhere to tissue, absorb wound exudate, protect from the environment, can be transparent facilitating serial wound evaluation and, in some cases, enable facile removal for dressing changes. This review briefly describes the burn level classification and common, commercially available dressings used to treat second-degree burns, and then focuses on new polymeric hydrogel burn dressings under preclinical development analyzing their design, structure and performance. The review presents the follow key learning points: (1) introduction to the integument system and the wound-healing process; (2) classification of burns according to severity and clinical appearance; (3) available dressings currently used for second-degree burns; (4) introduction to hydrogels and their preparation and characterization techniques; and (5) pre-clinical hydrogel burn wound dressings currently being developed.
Left bundle branch area pacing in patients with baseline narrow, left, or right bundle branch block QRS patterns: insights into electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features
Authors: Mirolo Adrian , Chaumont Corentin , Auquier Nathanael , Savoure Arnaud , Godin Benedicte , Vandevelde Florence , Eltchaninoff Helene , Anselme Frederic
Published: December 2022

Aims

Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a recent technique aiming at preservation of physiological ventricular electrical activation. Our goal was to assess mechanical synchrony parameters in relation to electrocardiographic features during LBBAP performed in routine practice.

Methods and results

From June 2020 to August 2021, all patients of our institution with permanent pacemaker implantation indication were eligible for LBBAP. A ‘qR’ pattern in V1 and a delay from pacing spike to the peak of the R-wave in V6 < 80 ms defined a successful LBBAP. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography were performed during spontaneous rhythm and LBBAP: left ventricular mechanical synchrony (LVMS) parameters using 2D Speckle tracking and interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) were collected. LBBAP was attempted with success in 134/163 patients (82.2%). During LBBAP, the mean QRS width was 104 ± 12 ms. In patients with left bundle branch block (n = 47), LBBAP provided a significant decrease of QRS width from 139 ± 16 to 105 ± 12 ms (P < 0.001) with reduction of LVMS (53 ± 21 vs. 90 ± 46 ms, P = 0.009), and IVMD (14 ± 13 vs. 49 ± 18 ms, P < 0.001). In patients with right bundle branch block (n = 38), LBBAP led to a significant decrease of QRS width from 134 ± 14 to 106 ± 13 ms (P < 0.001) with no effect on LVMS and a reduction of IVMD (17 ± 14 vs. 50 ± 16 ms, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

LBBAP in routine practice preserved intra-ventricular mechanical synchrony in patients with narrow and RBBB QRS and improved asynchrony parameters in patients with LBBB.
Effectiveness and persistence of anti-obesity medications (liraglutide 3 mg, lorcaserin, and orlistat) in a real-world primary care setting
Authors: Leventhal-Perek Sharon , Shani Michal , Schonmann Yochai
Published: December 2022

Background

Obesity is a chronic disease with rising prevalence. Guidelines suggest medications for obesity management if lifestyle interventions do not lead to substantial weight loss. Randomized control trials have shown the efficacy of anti-obesity medications in inducing weight loss, but real-world data are lacking. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate anti-obesity medications’ effectiveness in reducing weight and improving cardiometabolic parameters and to assess their persistence in a real-world setting.

Methods

A historical cohort study using routinely collected data from Clalit Health Services (CHS). We retrieved data on all CHS members aged ≥20 years who initiated anti-obesity medication (orlistat, liraglutide 3 mg, and lorcaserin) between 2018 and 2020. We assessed average weight loss and the percentage of patients that had lost ≥5% and ≥10% of their body weight at 3, 6, and 9 months and compared the effectiveness of these 3 medications.

Results

We included 5,306 CHS members in our study; most (77.8%) were female, aged 40–59 years (52.4%). Treatment with liraglutide 3 mg and lorcaserin was associated with subsequent weight reduction. The average weight loss at 6 months was 5.6 kg (4.95–6.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]) with liraglutide 3 mg and 1.7 kg (1.2–2.2, 95% CI) with lorcaserin. There was no evidence that treatment with orlistat was associated with subsequent weight loss (−0.18 kg [−0.8 to 0.4, 95% CI]). At 6 months, 38% of the patients with orlistat, 43% with lorcaserin, and 51% with liraglutide 3 mg persisted with their treatments (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Liraglutide 3 mg was the primary medication associated with clinically significant weight loss and had the highest persistence rate in our real-world study.
Levels of P-element-induced hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila simulans are uncorrelated with levels of P-element piRNAs
Authors: Paulouskaya Olga , Romero-Soriano Valèria , Ramirez-Lanzas Claudia , Price Tom A R , Betancourt Andrea J
Published: December 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic parasites that proliferate within host genomes, and which can also invade new species. The P-element, a DNA-based TE, recently invaded two Drosophila species: Drosophila melanogaster in the 20th century, and D. simulans in the 21st. In both species, lines collected before the invasion are susceptible to “hybrid dysgenesis”, a syndrome of abnormal phenotypes apparently due to P-element-inflicted DNA damage. In D. melanogaster, lines collected after the invasion have evolved a maternally acting mechanism that suppresses hybrid dysgenesis, with extensive work showing that PIWI-interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are a key factor in this suppression. Most of these studies use lines collected many generations after the initial P-element invasion. Here, we study D. simulans collected early, as well as late in the P-element invasion of this species. Like D. melanogaster, D. simulans from late in the invasion show strong resistance to hybrid dysgenesis and abundant P-element-derived piRNAs. Lines collected early in the invasion, however, show substantial variation in how much they suffer from hybrid dysgenesis, with some lines highly resistant. Surprisingly, although, these resistant lines do not show high levels of cognate maternal P-element piRNAs; in these lines, it may be that other mechanisms suppress hybrid dysgenesis.
Differential Associations Between Two Markers of Probable Sarcopenia and Continuous Orthostatic Hemodynamics in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Duggan Eoin , Murphy Caoileann H , Knight Silvin P , Davis James R C , O’Halloran Aisling M , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman
Published: December 2022

Background

Sarcopenia and orthostatic hypotension are growing age-related health burdens associated with adverse outcomes, including falls. Despite a possible pathophysiological link, the association between the 2 disorders is not well elucidated. We sought to investigate this relationship in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Methods

Data from 2 858 participants at wave 3 of TILDA were analyzed. Probable sarcopenia was defined as per the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People revised definition cutoffs (hand grip strength [HGS] <27 kg in men, <16 kg in women, and/or 5-chair stand test [5CST] time >15 seconds). Participants underwent an active stand orthostatic test with continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Multilevel mixed-effects models, controlling for possible confounders, were used to assess the effect of probable sarcopenia by HGS and 5CST criteria on the change in BP after standing.

Results

HGS- and 5CST-defined probable sarcopenia were independently associated with an attenuated BP recovery at 10–20 seconds poststand (systolic BP: β −0.54, p < .001; β −0.25, p < .001). On average, those meeting HGS probable sarcopenia criteria had a significantly lower BP at 20, 30, and 40 seconds (differences in systolic BP: −5.01 mmHg, −3.68 mmHg, −2.32 mmHg, p < .05 for all). Those meeting 5CST probable sarcopenia criteria had a significant difference in systolic BP at 20 seconds (−1.94 mmHg, p = .002) but not at 30 or 40 seconds.

Conclusion

Probable sarcopenia had a significant association with delayed orthostatic BP recovery, with HGS-defined probable sarcopenia having a stronger association than 5CST-defined probable sarcopenia. Results support a modest but significant pathophysiological link between probable sarcopenia and orthostatic hypotension.
Chronic Loneliness, Gender, and Trajectories of Change in Hand Grip Strength in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Jinho , Park Gum-Ryeong
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study examined whether exposure to chronic loneliness is associated with a persistent decline in hand grip strength among community-dwelling older adults in Korea, and this association varies by gender.

Methods

This study analyzed data from 2,570 adults aged 65 or older collected over the course of 7 waves (12 years) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing from 2006 to 2018 (1,403 women and 1,167 men). Exposure to chronic loneliness was assessed by the experience of loneliness over a period of years, and hand grip strength was measured by an objective diagnostic tool. Gender-stratified fixed effects models were estimated to determine whether the association between chronic loneliness and hand grip strength differs by gender while accounting for time-invariant individual heterogeneity.

Results

Chronic loneliness was associated with a persistent decline in hand grip strength in older adults over an extended period of time. Gender-specific analyses revealed that only men continued to experience a decline in hand grip strength up to the fifth and subsequent waves of exposure (b = −1.889). By contrast, for older women, a significant decrease in hand grip strength was observed only in the second wave of exposure (b = −0.690). These gendered trajectories were statistically significant.

Discussion

Chronic loneliness impairs the physical health of older adults in the long run. These physical health consequences of chronic loneliness were more pronounced among older men than older women. The study’s findings inform the development of interventions that mitigate the adverse health consequences of chronic loneliness.
Functional characterization and key residues engineering of a regiopromiscuity O-methyltransferase involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Nelumbo nucifera
Authors: Yu Yuetong , Liu Yan , Dong Gangqiang , Jiang JinZhu , Leng Liang , Liu XianJu , Zhang Jun , Liu An , Chen Sha
Published: December 2022

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), an ancient aquatic plant, possesses a unique pharmacological activity that is primarily contributed by benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, only few genes and enzymes involved in BIA biosynthesis in N. nucifera have been isolated and characterized. In the present study we identified the regiopromiscuity of an O-methyltransferase, designated NnOMT6, isolated from N. nucifera; NnOMT6 was found to catalyze the methylation of monobenzylisoquinoline 6-O/7-O, aporphine skeleton 6-O, phenylpropanoid 3-O, and protoberberine 2-O. We further probed the key residues affecting NnOMT6 activity via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Verification using site-directed mutagenesis revealed that residues D316, N130, L135, N176A, D269, and E328 were critical for BIA O-methyltransferase activities; furthermore, N323A, a mutant of NnOMT6, demonstrated a substantial increase in catalytic efficiency for BIAs and a broader acceptor scope compared with wild-type NnOMT6. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the O-methyltransferase activity of an aporphine skeleton without benzyl moiety substitutions in N. nucifera. The study findings provide biocatalysts for the semisynthesis of related medical compounds and give insights into protein engineering to strengthen O-methyltransferase activity in plants.
Political sensitivity bias in autocratizing Hong Kong
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Chan Polly
Published: December 2022

Concerns over political sensitivity bias in survey research in stable autocracies have been raised by previous studies. However, as democracy recedes worldwide, it remains unclear how pervasive such bias is in autocratizing contexts. This research note aims to demonstrate the extent of sensitivity bias in an autocratizing context using the case of Hong Kong, where political freedoms are rapidly shrinking. In doing so, we aim to detect sensitivity bias by analyzing panel survey data without relying on list experiments. Our analyses of online panel survey data collected before and after the enactment of the Hong Kong National Security Law and its related political crackdown found that pro-democracy respondents subject to political repression (1) are more likely to drop out of the panel of a political poll, (2) even when they do not drop out, they falsify some potentially sensitive past behavior, and (3) pro-democracy moderates are more likely to engage in preference falsification. Theoretical implications for understanding public opinion in autocratizing contexts are discussed.
A survey of Ballastless track defects in China’s high-speed railway after ten years of service
Authors: Dong Weijia , Wang Xiaoming , He Qing , Ren Juanjuan
Published: December 2022

A considerable amount of data have been obtained after more than 10 years of operations on China’s high-speed railway ballastless tracks; however, there is still a lack of survey in the operation and maintenance of ballastless tracks. Based on the results of an on-site survey of the service status of China’s high-speed railway ballastless tracks conducted in 2021, the common defects and related treatment measures for four main types of ballastless tracks, namely, CRTS I, CRTS II, CRTS III slab, and CRTS double-block, are systematically summarised in this study. The most critical defects in the diverse types of ballastless tracks are comparatively analysed. In addition, suggestions for ballastless track selection are presented by considering different factors, which will guide the development and construction of ballastless tracks in the future and be vital for improving the safety, comfort, and durability of high-speed railway operations.
Focused Wound Care Handoff Improves Burn Center Physician–Nursing Communication and Wound Care Education
Authors: Rostami Sohayla , Kawaji Qingwen , Martinez Stephanie Lynne , Lagziel Tomer , Orosco Rowena , de Jesus Flores Carolina , Hultman Charles Scott , Caffrey Julie
Published: December 2022

Burn patients require changing wound care routines dependent on wound characteristics and operative interventions. Order discrepancies on electronic medical systems and poor communication between providers leads to incorrect wound care treatment which can be harmful to the complex burn patient. By dedicating a daily wound care discussion for each patient involving integral components of the team: physician, charge nurse, and wound care technicians, enhanced communication amongst team members and improved patient care was noted. A single-center burn unit conducted pre- and postintervention survey of nursing staff measuring various components of wound care. The time spent on the wound care discussions were measured daily. Additional time required to conduct the rounds were minimal with nurse reported increased clarification in patient care without additional work burden. Thus, focused wound care meetings assist with communication between providers, clarification of wound care needs, and avoidance of errors without increasing strain on the team.
Management of Nuisance Geese on School Properties and Public Spaces
Authors: Curtis Paul D , Braband Lynn A
Published: December 2022

Conflicts with Canada geese (Branta canadensis) (Linnaeus, 1758, Anseriformes, Anatidae) have increased during the past three decades. Goose conflicts included feces on turf areas and paved surfaces, slippage on athletic fields and playing surfaces, overgrazing of turfgrass, and noise or aggression near nesting sites. Geese also negatively impacted community relations putting stakeholders at odds with each other. Geese using school grounds, local parks, golf courses, and other public properties require site-specific management approaches because these birds often use several properties, and effective management necessitates a community-wide approach. Our case study illustrated that management options to reduce goose conflicts must be customized to the resources and time that staff managing school grounds have available, and there is no one approach that will work in most situations.
Type IV collagen α5 chain promotes luminal breast cancer progression through c-Myc-driven glycolysis
Authors: Wu Yuexin , Liu Xiangming , Zhu Yue , Qiao Yuemei , Gao Yuan , Chen Jianfeng , Ge Gaoxiang
Published: December 2022

Cancer cell metabolism reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells preferentially utilize aerobic glycolysis, which is regulated by activated oncogenes and the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment, including the basement membranes (BMs), is dynamically remodeled. However, whether and how ECM regulates tumor glycolysis is largely unknown. We show that type IV collagens, components of BMs essential for the tissue integrity and proper function, are differentially expressed in breast cancer subtypes that α5 chain (α5(IV)) is preferentially expressed in the luminal-type breast cancer and is regulated by estrogen receptor-α. α5(IV) is indispensable for luminal breast cancer development. Ablation of α5(IV) significantly reduces the growth of luminal-type breast cancer cells and impedes the development of luminal-type breast cancer. Impaired cell growth and tumor development capability of α5(IV)-ablated luminal breast cancer cells is attributed to the reduced expression of glucose transporter and glycolytic enzymes and impaired glycolysis in luminal breast cancer cells. Non-integrin collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation are attenuated in α5(IV)-ablated luminal breast cancer cells, resulting in reduced c-Myc oncogene expression and phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of constitutively active DDR1 or c-Myc restores the expression of glucose transporter and glycolytic enzymes, and thereafter restores aerobic glycolysis, cell proliferation, and tumor growth of luminal breast cancer. Thus, type IV collagen α5 chain is a luminal-type breast cancer-specific microenvironmental regulator modulating cancer cell metabolism.
Skeletal stem cells: origins, definitions, and functions in bone development and disease
Authors: Feng Heng , Jiang Bo , Xing Wenhui , Sun Jun , Greenblatt Matthew B , Zou Weiguo
Published: December 2022

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are tissue-specific stem cells that can self-renew and sit at the apex of their differentiation hierarchy, giving rise to mature skeletal cell types required for bone growth, maintenance, and repair. Dysfunction in SSCs is caused by stress conditions like ageing and inflammation and is emerging as a contributor to skeletal pathology, such as the pathogenesis of fracture nonunion. Recent lineage tracing experiments have shown that SSCs exist in the bone marrow, periosteum, and resting zone of the growth plate. Unraveling their regulatory networks is crucial for understanding skeletal diseases and developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we systematically introduce the definition, location, stem cell niches, regulatory signaling pathways, and clinical applications of SSCs.
The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) – VI. Different vertical distributions between two DIBs at 442.8 nm and 862.1 nm
Authors: Zhao(赵赫) He , Schultheis Mathias , Arentsen Anke , Kordopatis Georges , Fouesneau Morgan , Starkenburg Else , Sestito Federico , Hill Vanessa , Martin Nicolas F , Fabbro Sébastien , Queiroz A B A
Published: December 2022

Although diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) were discovered over 100 yr ago, for most of them, their origins are still unknown. Investigation on the correlations between different DIBs is an important way to study the behaviour and distributions of their carriers. Based on stacking thousands of spectra from the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey, we study the correlations between two DIBs at 442.8 nm (λ442.8) and 862.1 nm (λ862.1), as well as the dust grains, in a range of latitude spanning ∼22° ($4^{\circ }\, {\lt }\, |b|\, {\lt }\, 15^{\circ }$) toward the Galactic Centre ($|\ell |\, {\lt }\, 11^{\circ }$). Tight linear intensity correlations can be found between λ442.8, λ862.1, and dust grains for $|b|\, {\lt }\, 12^{\circ }$ or $E(B\, {-}\, V)\, {\gt }\, 0.3$ mag. For $|b|\, {\gt }\, 12^{\circ }$, λ442.8 and λ862.1 present larger relative strength with respect to the dust grains. A systematic variation of the relative strength between λ442.8 and λ862.1 with |b| and $E(B\, {-}\, V)$ concludes that the two DIBs do not share a common carrier. Furthermore, the carrier of λ862.1 is more abundant at high latitudes than that of λ442.8. This work can be treated as an example showing the significance and potentials to the DIB research covering a large latitude range.
Extended radio emission in the galaxy cluster MS 0735.6+7421 detected with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array
Authors: Bégin T , Hlavacek-Larrondo J , Rhea C L , Gendron-Marsolais M , McNamara B , van Weeren R J , Richard-Laferrière A , Guité L , Prasow-Émond M , Haggard D
Published: December 2022

MS 0735.6+7421 (z = 0.216) is a massive cool core galaxy cluster hosting one of the most powerful active galactic nuclei (AGNs) outbursts known. The radio jets of the AGN have carved out an unusually large pair of X-ray cavities, each reaching a diameter of 200 kpc. This makes MS 0735.6+7421 a unique case to investigate active galactic nuclei feedback processes, as well as other cluster astrophysics at radio wavelengths. We present new low radiofrequency observations of MS 0735.6+7421 taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA): 5 h of P-band (224–480 MHz) and 5 h of L-band (1–2 GHz) observations, both in C configuration. Our VLA P-band (224–480 MHz) observations reveal the presence of a diffuse radio component reaching a scale of ≈ 900 kpc in the direction of the jets and of ≈ 500 kpc in the direction perpendicular to the jets. This component is centred on the cluster core and has a radio power scaled at 1.4 GHz of P1.4GHz = (4 ± 2) × 1024 W Hz−1. Its properties are consistent with those expected from a radio minihalo as seen in other massive cool core clusters, although it may also be associated with radio plasma that has diffused out of the X-ray cavities, or to a combination of these two hypotheses. Observations at higher spatial resolution are needed to fully characterize the properties and nature of this component. We also suggest that if radio minihaloes originate from jetted activity, we may be witnessing the early stages of this process.
Modelling 3D force-free neutron star magnetospheres
Authors: Stefanou Petros , Pons Jose A , Cerdá-Durán Pablo
Published: December 2022

Magnetars exhibit a variety of transient high-energy phenomena in the form of bursts, outbursts, and giant flares. It is a common belief that these events originate in the sudden release of magnetic energy due to the rearrangement of a twisted magnetic field. We present global models of a 3D force-free (FF) non-linear twisted magnetar magnetosphere. We solve the FF equations following the Grad–Rubin approach in a compactified spherical domain. Appropriate boundary conditions are imposed at the surface of the star for the current distribution and the magnetic field. Our implementation is tested by reproducing various known analytical as well as axisymmetric numerical results. We then proceed to study general 3D models with non-axisymmetric current distributions, such as fields with localized twists that resemble hotspots at the surface of the star, and we examine characteristic quantities such as energy, helicity, and twist. Finally, we discuss implications on the available energy budget, the surface temperature, and the diffusion time-scale, which can be associated with observations.
The long-term broad-line responsivity in MKN 110
Authors: Homan D , Lawrence A , Ward M , Bruce A , Landt H , MacLeod C , Elvis M , Wilkes B , Huchra J P , Peterson B M
Published: December 2022

We examine the long-term history of the optical spectrum of the extremely variable Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) MKN 110. By combining various archival data with new data, we cover an unprecedented long period of ∼30 yr (1987–2019). We find that the He ii λ4686 emission line changes by a factor of forty and varies more strongly than the optical continuum. Following Ferland et al., we take He ii λ4686 as a proxy for the FUV continuum and compare the flux of several other line species against it. This comparison reveals a clear pattern, whereby lines respond close to linearly at low FUV fluxes, and saturate at high FUV fluxes. The saturation level of the response appears to depend on the excitation energy of the line species. In addition to this global pattern, we note changes among observational epochs, indicating a structural evolution in the broad line region (BLR). The line profiles in our spectra show an offset between the narrow and broad components of the He ii λ4686 and H β lines. This offset shows a significant negative correlation with the FUV flux and a positive correlation with the line velocity width. Our analysis reveals a complex BLR response to a changing continuum. The clear presence of a non-responsive component of the broad lines indicates the existence of multiple contributions to the line emission. We find there are several kinematic models of the BLR and inner regions of the AGN that match our data.
Origin of multifractality in solar wind turbulence: the role of current sheets
Authors: Gomes Leonardo F , Gomes Tiago F P , Rempel Erico L , Gama Sílvio
Published: December 2022

In this work, a multifractal framework is proposed to investigate the effects of current sheets in solar wind turbulence. By using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis coupled with surrogate methods and volatility, two solar wind magnetic field time series are investigated, one with current sheets and one without current sheets. Despite the lack of extreme-events intermittent bursts in the current sheet-free series, both series are shown to be strongly multifractal, although the current sheet-free series displays an almost linear behaviour for the scaling exponent of structure functions. Long-range correlations are shown to be the main source of multifractality for the series without current sheets, while a combination of heavy-tail distribution and non-linear correlations is responsible for multifractality in the series with current sheets. The multifractality in both time series is formally shown to be associated with an energy-cascade process using the p-model.
Pulsar revival in neutron star mergers: multimessenger prospects for the discovery of pre-merger coherent radio emission
Authors: Cooper A J , Gupta O , Wadiasingh Z , Wijers R A M J , Boersma O M , Andreoni I , Rowlinson A , Gourdji K
Published: December 2022

We investigate pre-merger coherent radio emission from neutron star mergers arising due to the magnetospheric interaction between compact objects. We consider two plausible radiation mechanisms, and show that if one neutron star has a surface magnetic field Bs ≥ 1012G, coherent millisecond radio bursts with characteristic temporal morphology and inclination angle dependence are observable to Gpc distances with next-generation radio facilities. We explore multi-messenger and multi-wavelength methods of identification of a neutron star merger origin of radio bursts, such as in fast radio burst surveys, triggered observations of gamma-ray bursts and gravitational wave events, and optical/radio follow-up of fast radio bursts in search of kilonova and radio afterglow emission. We present our findings for current and future observing facilities, and make recommendations for verifying or constraining the model.
Machine learning classification of CHIME fast radio bursts – II. Unsupervised methods
Authors: Zhu-Ge Jia-Ming , Luo Jia-Wei , Zhang Bing
Published: December 2022

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are one of the most mysterious astronomical transients. Observationally, they can be classified into repeaters and apparent non-repeaters. However, due to the lack of continuous observations, some apparent repeaters may have been incorrectly recognized as non-repeaters. In a series of two papers, we intend to solve such problem with machine learning. In this second paper of the series, we focus on an array of unsupervised machine learning methods. We apply multiple unsupervised machine learning algorithms to the first Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst catalogue to learn their features and classify FRBs into different clusters without any premise about the FRBs being repeaters or non-repeaters. These clusters reveal the differences between repeaters and non-repeaters. Then, by comparing with the identities of the FRBs in the observed classes, we evaluate the performance of various algorithms and analyse the physical meaning behind the results. Finally, we recommend a list of most credible repeater candidates as targets for future observing campaigns to search for repeated bursts in combination of the results presented in Paper I using supervised machine learning methods.
The impact of the AGN and the torus properties on the evolution of spiral galaxies
Authors: Abdulrahman M A , Gadallah K A K , Ahmed A , Elnawawy M S
Published: December 2022

For spiral galaxies, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and some physical parameters that concern the host galaxy such as spiral arm radius and density can play an important role in the morphological evolution of these galaxies. Considering the gravitational effect of the central black hole as a feeding mechanism, the gas flows from spiral arms to the accretion disk. Accordingly, we constructed our approach and derived an equation for the AGN luminosity that depends on parameters such as the black hole mass and the spiral arm density. The galaxy samples were taken from a catalog of type 1 AGN from SDSS-DR7. In our model, we present the relation between the AGN luminosity and the black hole mass depending on the above physical parameters. We also investigated the relation between the black hole mass and the star formation rate for the galaxy sample. The physical properties of the torus, such as the spiral arm radius, density, the torus length, and the gas mass, and the star formation rate were explained in terms of the variation of the AGN luminosity. These properties are more effective in the evolutionary scenario of the spiral galaxy. Relative to the variation of the AGN luminosity, the evolutionary track is different based quantitatively on the star formation rate. In which the variation in the star formation rate is positively correlated with the AGN luminosity.