bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Propofol-Magnesium Sulfate Combination for Sedation in Paediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain.- a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lomate Prashant Atmaram , Kumbhar Ganesh Mallappa , Paranjpe Jyotsna Satish
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims: The key to successful sedation for pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to keep the child completely immobile while ensuring rapid recovery. We compared the efficacy of propofol-midazolam and propofol-magnesium sulfate sedation for MRI of the brain in the paediatric population.
Methods: Total 60 paediatric patients, aged 1 to 8 years awaiting for MRI brain were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I patients received midazolam 0.05mg/kg and Group II patients received magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg infusion in the preinduction room. In the MRI room all patients were sedated with 1-2 mg/kg bolus and 100 ug/kg/min infusion of propofol. The two groups were compared for sedation characteristics like discharge time, total number of additional propofol boluses, agitation scores, haemodynamic parameters and adverse events. Fisher exact test was used for all quantitative data.
Results: Induction time, scan quality, requirement of additional propofol boluses and awakening time were comparable for the groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant incidence of airway instrumentation between both groups (p=0.14)). Heart rate remained on lower normal side, 20 minutes after induction in Group II (P<0.00). Incidence of emergence agitation was significantly lower in Group II (P<0.01). The discharge time was shorter in Group II (41.03 ± 8.39 min versus 32.83 ± 5.97 min; P<0.001).
Conclusion: Propofol-magnesium sulfate sedation is a better alternative to propofol-midazolam combination for paediatric brain MRI, as it provides a shorter discharge time and a lower incidence of emergence agitation.
In response to ‘A Good Outcome Following Delayed Debridement of Lumbar Paraspinal Abscess after Postoperative Epidural Catheterization: Case Report’
Authors: Munasinghe B. M.
Published: July 2022

No abstract available
Optimizing Intraoperative Haemodynamics and Haemostasis to Enhance Recovery After Liver Transplantation for Cirrhosis in Adults
Authors: Gunetilleke Bhaagya , Welikala Nadeeshya , Ranamuni Roshangani , Jayaweera Danushi , De Silva Thamosha , Amerasinghe Oshini , Liyanage Chamila , Dissanayake Janaki , Appuhamy Chinthaka , Fernando Meranthi , Thilakarathne Suchintha , Dassanayake Anuradha , Niriella Madunil , Siriwardana Rohan , Gilbert-Kawai Edward
Published: July 2022

Cirrhosis with end stage liver disease is a leading cause of non-communicable disease related deaths in Sri Lanka. Liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for such patients. Multi-organ dysfunction characteristic of end stage liver disease, surgical and anaesthetic factors, quality of the graft, coagulopathy and haemodynamic instability, all lead to the complexity of the perioperative care for liver transplant. Aggressive management focused particularly on maintaining intra-operative haemodynamic stability and optimizing haemostasis, directly impacts successful patient outcomes and forms the core of the anaesthetic strategy.
Plug it, fill it and forget it!
Authors: Arpitha R , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Shanmugam Mahesh P
Published: July 2022

Background:

Management of posterior scleral perforation is commonly done with cryotherapy/laser or scleral patch graft depending on the size of perforation. However, for large perforations, the availability of donor sclera is always an issue. To overcome this problem, we tried using absorbable gelatin sponge to plug the perforation as an alternative.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of gelatin foam as an alternative to scleral patch graft in cases with perforation of posterior sclera.

Synopsis:

Here we report the case of a 27-year-old male, who sustained penetrating injury to right eye with two metallic intraocular foreign bodies with visual acuity of hand movement close to face. Primary wound repair was done, followed by retrieval of the first piece of metallic foreign body that measured 11X3mm in size. The second foreign body visualized at posterior pole adjascent to the disc was removed using Machemar forceps and it measured 10X3 mmin size. Leakage of PFCL at the site confirmed a posterior scleral perforation. Cryotherapy was avoided due to its proximity to optic nerve head, and donor sclera was not readily available at that moment. We managed the case by plugging the defect with absorbable gelatin foam, followed by silicone oil injection into the vitreous cavity. Post operative outcome was good with restoration of anatomical integrity of the globe along with improvement in visual acuity upto 6/18.

Highlights:

Gelatin foam being absorbable and inciting less reaction aids in sealing the perforation and maintenance of globe contour with the advantage being readily available, cost-effective and it can be left in situ without the need for additional surgery for its removal. This would be of use in situations where the donor sclera is not readily available, and thus can be a potential alternative. However, further studies with larger sample size need to be done to evaluate and compare its effectiveness over donor scleral grafts.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/fkardnkMQQo
Consanguinity and ocular disorders in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics
Authors: Rauniyar Divya , Das Anthony Vipin
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

To describe the distribution of ocular disorders in patients with a family history of consanguinity presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,805,267 new patients presenting between August 2010 and April 2021. Patients with a family history of consanguinity were included as cases. The sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:

Overall, 20,445 (0.73%) new patients were documented to have a family history of consanguinity. The prevalence rates were 4.04% in children (age: <16 years) and 0.21% in adults. The mean age of the patients was 11.87 ± 11.06 years. The majority of the patients were males (56.48%) and students (54.43%) by profession. The majority (93.05%) of the patients were in the 0–30-years age bracket, with over half of them (53.71%) presenting in the first decade of life. A significant number of patients were from higher socioeconomic status (73.48%) and the rural region (47.62%). The most common degree of consanguinity documented was second degree (3.95%). The most common ocular disorders associated with a high proportion of consanguinity were congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) (100%), corneal macular dystrophy (83.78%), xeroderma pigmentosum (80.95%), and ocular albinism (73.59%). A tenth of the patients (9.8%) reported a similar history of ocular disorders among the family members and more commonly among the siblings (70.4%).

Conclusion:

Consanguineous marriages are not uncommon in India. They cause ocular disorders that cause visual impairment in a significant majority of those affected in their early decades of life. Genetic counseling plays a role in prevention.
Cross-sectional observational analysis of the genetic referral practices across pediatric ophthalmology outpatient departments in an urban setting
Authors: Bajaj Shruti , Venkatraman Mathangi , Agarwal Nidhi , Kothari Mihir
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

To analyze the genetic referral practices of pediatric ophthalmologists in an urban setting.

Methods:

(1) The first limb of the study: cross-sectional, observational study among children visiting the outpatient department of pediatric ophthalmology across five centers in Mumbai. All pediatric patients were screened separately by pediatric ophthalmologists and a clinical geneticist for their ophthalmic and systemic complaints. Children were marked for referral to genetics (RTG) by both the specialists based on identification of distinctive features (red flag) and were requested to meet a local geneticist. (2a) Twenty-three months later, patients who had been marked for RTG were contacted telephonically to follow-up if they had met the geneticist. (2b) Additionally, the last 20 proformas from each center were checked retrospectively to note the RTG marked by the ophthalmologist alone.

Results:

(1) In the first aspect of the study, 126 patients (male: female = 1.2:1) were included. Forty-nine (38.3%) patients were referred for genetic evaluation, of which three (6.1%), 31 (63.26%), and 15 (30.6%) cases were referred by the ophthalmologist alone, geneticist alone, and by both the specialists, respectively. Glaucoma (100%), nystagmus (86%), and leukocoria (83%) were the most prominent ocular diagnoses in cases referred for genetic evaluation. Facial dysmorphism (55.1%) and neurodevelopmental delays (51%) were among the most common systemic red flags found in patients referred to genetics. (2a) Twenty-three months later, on contacting the 49 patients marked for RTG, only one family had met the geneticist. (2b) Retrospective evaluation of 100 proformas: only three patients were marked for RTG by ophthalmologist alone.

Conclusion:

This study found that the genetic referrals by pediatric ophthalmologist were far lesser than those by geneticist. The study highlights an area of knowledge gap among pediatric ophthalmologists, prompting a need for heightened awareness in this area.
Clinical features and orbital anomalies in Fraser syndrome and a review of management options
Authors: Das Deepsekhar , Modaboyina Sujeeth , Raj Sandton , Agrawal Sahil , Bajaj Mandeep Singh
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Fraser syndrome is a rare congenital disorder comprising cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and many times, urogenital anomalies. Herein, the authors aimed to study and report the clinical features and orbital anomalies in cases diagnosed with Fraser syndrome.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively evaluated the records of patients with Fraser syndrome who had presented to a tertiary eye care hospital in northern India in the last 2 years (from January 2019 to December 2020). The clinical features were studied, entered in MS Excel, and the data was evaluated.

Results:

Data of 15 patients with Fraser syndrome were found. Majority of the patients were males and presented in the pediatric age group. Bilateral involvement was more common, and the most common variant of cryptophthalmos was abortive. Complete and medial madarosis of the eyebrows was the most common periocular finding. Complete cryptophthalmos was associated with cystic globes, whereas abortive forms had superior symblepharon. Common systemic features included syndactyly, bifid nose, and urogenital anomaly.

Conclusion:

Fraser syndrome is an extremely rare developmental disorder; it encompasses a wide range of ocular, periocular, and orbital anomalies, along with multiple pre-existing systemic anomalies. The treating ophthalmologist should always be careful in examining these patients
Update on thyroid eye disease: Regional variations in prevalence, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Yu Caroline Y , Ford Rebecca L , Wester Sara T , Shriver Erin M
Published: July 2022

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a rare disease that can lead to decreased quality of life, permanent disfigurement, and vision loss. Clinically, TED presents with exophthalmos, periorbital edema, extraocular muscle dysfunction, and eyelid retraction, and can lead to vision-threatening complications such as exposure to keratopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). Over the last several years, significant advancements have been made in the understanding of its pathophysiology as well as optimal management. Ethnic variations in the prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk of vision-threatening complications of TED are summarized, and risk factors associated with TED are discussed. Additionally, significant advances have been made in the management of TED. The management of TED traditionally included anti-inflammatory medications, orbital radiation therapy, orbital surgical decompression, and biologic therapies. Most recently, targeted therapies such as teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor antagonist, have been studied in the context of TED, with promising initial data. In this review, updates in the understanding and management of TED are presented with a focus on the international variations in presentation and management.
Anterior segment dysgenesis: Insights into the genetics and pathogenesis
Authors: Kaushik Sushmita , Dubey Suneeta , Choudhary Sandeep , Ratna Ria , Pandav Surinder S , Khan Arif O
Published: July 2022

Childhood glaucoma is a treatable cause of blindness, provided it is recognized, diagnosed, and treated in time. WHO has estimated that it is responsible for Blind Years second only to cataracts. The fundamental pathophysiology of all childhood glaucoma is impaired outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Anterior segment Dysgeneses (ASD) are a group of non-acquired ocular anomalies associated with glaucoma, characterized by developmental abnormalities of the tissues of the anterior segment. The cause is multifactorial, and many genes are involved in the development of the anterior segment. Over the last decade, molecular and developmental genetic research has transformed our understanding of the molecular basis of ASD and the developmental mechanisms underlying these conditions. Identifying the genetic changes underlying ASD has gradually led to the recognition that some of these conditions may be parts of a disease spectrum. The characterization of genes responsible for glaucoma is the critical first step toward developing diagnostic and screening tests, which could identify individuals at risk for disease before irreversible optic nerve damage occurs. It is also crucial for genetic counseling and risk stratification of later pregnancies. It also aids pre-natal testing by various methods allowing for effective genetic counseling. This review will summarize the known genetic variants associated with phenotypes of ASD and the possible significance and utility of genetic testing in the clinic.
Clinical profile and demographic distribution of Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy: An electronic medical record–driven big data analytics from an eye care network in India
Authors: Das Anthony Vipin , Chaurasia Sunita
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in patients presenting to a multi-tiered ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:

This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 3,082,727 new patients presenting between August 2010 and December 2021. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of FECD in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:

Overall, 2570 (0.08%) patients were diagnosed with FECD. The majority of the patients were female (65.53%) and were predominantly adults (99.92%). The most common age group at presentation was during the seventh decade of life with 867 patients (33.74%). The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.1%) presenting from the urban geography (0.09%) and in retired individuals (0.4%). About half of the 5,140 eyes had mild or no visual impairment (< 20/70) in 2643 eyes (51.42%) followed by moderate visual impairment (>20/70 to 20/200) in 708 eyes (13.77%). The average logMAR was 0.61 ± 0.81 at presentation. The most documented corneal signs were guttae (76.63%), corneal scar (23%) and stromal edema (21.73%). The most associated ocular comorbidity was cataract (47.32%) followed by glaucoma (5.39%). More than a tenth of the affected eyes required a surgical intervention of endothelial keratoplasty (15.58%).

Conclusion:

FECD more commonly affects females presenting during the seventh decade of life. Majority of the eyes had mild or no visual impairment and endothelial keratoplasty is warranted in a tenth of the affected eyes.
SARS CoV-2-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Gulati Sameer , Jagtap Aniket B. , Porwal Yogesh C. , Kathuria Paras , Chikara Ankur
Published: July 2022

Background:

Extrapulmonary multisystemic manifestations in children were recognized, early in the pandemic, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Of late, similar manifestations have been reported in adults (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in adults - MIS-A) in too. As new variants of SARS-CoV 2 emerge and fade away, MIS-A needs to be recognized at the most opportune time. Besides, we hypothesize that MIS-A may also co-exist with other tropical infections to further confuse diagnostic scenario.

Methodology:

A series of five cases of MIS-A is presented. Their demographic, comorbidities, and clinical data were noted. Besides, the clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with and without tropical infections were compared.

Results:

Patients presented with diverse heterogenous clinical manifestations. The cardiovascular, hematological, and abdominal systems were most commonly involved along with high inflammatory markers. Three of our patients in the present series had tropical infections along with MIS-A. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters among MIS-A patients with and without tropical infections. All the five patients improved on treatment and were discharged home.

Conclusions:

A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose MIS-A, especially in tropical areas where background rate of other infections is also high. Moreover, these tropical infections may co-occur along with MIS-A, further confusing the diverse heterogenous clinical presentations. Patients with MIS-A may be critically ill, but outcomes are good if lifesaving immunosuppressive therapy is initiated on time.
Causes of Dental Trauma
Authors: Idowu Abiodun Enoch , Adedapo Afolabi Olanrewaju , Akhiwu Benjamin Idemudia , Agbara Rowland , Olaniyi Taiwo Olufemi , Alufohai Olohigbe Obahonsi
Published: July 2022

Background:

Dental trauma is a major type of traumatic dental injury (TDI) and a common presentation in many oral health facilities in Nigeria. Despite the high prevalence of TDIs, causes of dental trauma are yet to be fully investigated among Nigerians.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to determine the types of dental trauma, aetiology, and the causes of dental trauma as it relates with sociodemographic characteristics among dental patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study among patients attending a secondary oral healthcare facility in the North Central city of Jos between January 2019 and December 2020. The sociodemographic features of the patients include patients’ complaints, clinical and social history, result of simple clinical oral examinations, and diagnoses of dental trauma. The classification of Ellis and Davey (1970) was used to classify dental trauma for this study.

Results:

One hundred and seventy-six (6.7%) patients presented with dental trauma involving 281 teeth. The mean age was 37.54 ± 2.16 years. The most common cause of dental trauma in 48 (27.3%) patients was bone cracking, followed by falls in 33 (18.8%), road traffic accidents (RTAs) in 26 (14.8%), and bottle opening with teeth in 26 (14.8%). Bone cracking was the major cause of dental trauma in 18 (31.0%) educated and 2 (28.6%) non-educated patients. Among the patients, 118 (67.1%) presented with single traumatized tooth. Permanent anterior teeth 151 (53.74%) were more involved, and class 2 trauma involving enamel and dentinal structure was the most common presentation.

Conclusion:

Oral health awareness campaign on the damaging effect of bone cracking and use of tooth for opening metal caps of bottled drinks among adult population will reduce the prevalence of dental trauma among many adult Nigerians.
Sonographic Evaluation of Renal Volume and its Correlation with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate among Hypertensive Kidney Disease Patients in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan Suleiman , Isyaku Kabir , Dambatta Abdu Hamisu
Published: July 2022

Context:

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is one of the various indicators used to assess the degree of chronic kidney disease and it is considered the best marker for the estimation of renal function. Ultrasonography has become the standard imaging modality in the investigation of renal diseases due to its noninvasive nature and availability.

Aims:

This study was aimed at sonographically evaluating renal volume and correlating it with estimated GFR among hypertensive kidney disease patients in Kano, Nigeria.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adults with hypertensive kidney disease at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, Nigeria from September 2019 to March 2020. A convenient sampling method was employed and included 242 adults with hypertensive kidney disease in a hypertensive group and 242 normotensive participants in a control group.

Materials and Methods:

Renal dimensions were measured sonographically. The eGFR of each participant was estimated and recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed using SPSS Inc, USA version 22. The preset P value was 0.05.

Results:

The renal volumes in the hypertensive group were 91.5 ± 29.3 cm3 and 103.2 ± 39.6 cm3 for right and left kidneys, respectively, while those of normotensive group were 131.43 ± 34.89 cm3 and 168.49 ± 45.83 cm3 for right and left kidneys, respectively. In the hypertensive group, moderate positive correlations were observed between left kidney volumes and eGFR (r = 0.4; P = 0.001). However, a weak positive correlation was observed between the right kidney volumes and eGFR (r = 0.3; P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Renal volume was higher in the control group than in the hypertensive group. There was a moderate positive correlation between the left kidney and eGFR; however, a weak positive correlation was obtained between the right kidney and eGFR.
On the Bloch–Kato conjecture for the symmetric cube
Authors: Loeffler David , Zerbes Sarah Livia
Published: July 2022

We prove one inclusion in the Iwasawa main conjecture, and the Bloch–Kato conjecture in analytic rank 0, for the symmetric cube of a level 1 modular form.
Usefulness of bilateral mucoplasty plus reboot surgery in severe type-2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Moreno-Luna R. , Martin-Jimenez D.I. , Callejón-Leblic M.A. , Gonzalez-Garcia J. , Maza-Solano J.M. , Porras-Gonzalez C. , Del Cuvillo-Bernal A. , Sanchez-Gomez S.
Published: July 2022

Background: Although extended endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) constitutes an alternative approach in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP), the surgical techniques proposed so far do not allow for an optimal control of the disease. This study introduces bilateral mucoplasty as a complementary technique to extended ESS such as reboot surgery, analyzing its benefits in healing and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Patients diagnosed with severe Type-2 CRSwNP were selected for a prospective cohort study in two surgery groups: reboot surgery plus bilateral mucoplasty versus reboot surgery only. In the first group, an autologous endonasal mucosal graft from the nostril floor was placed bilaterally onto the ethmoidal roof. Endoscopic, radiological and QoL outcomes were compared before and one year after surgery between the two groups using Modified Lund Kennedy (LKM), Meltzer and Lund Mackay (LM) scores, and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22). Results: 64 patients with homogeneous baseline characteristics were included: 17 patients underwent a reboot surgery plus a bilateral mucoplasty and 47 a reboot surgery only. LKM, Meltzer and SNOT-22 scores showed significant differences before and after surgery in both groups, with higher improvement in the mucoplasty group. A greater mean improvement of 20.5 ± 6.4 points in SNOT-22 change was associated with bilateral mucoplasty. Conclusion: Bilateral mucoplasty plus reboot surgery constitutes a useful surgical resource in Type-2 CRSwNP patients, showing improved endoscopic, radiological and QoL outcomes one year after surgery. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term benefits.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanol Fractions of the Leaf of Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Jajere U.M. , Mohammed M. , Nuhu H. , Anas A.
Published: July 2022

Leaves of Gmelina arborea are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections without scientific validations. The main objective of the research was to carry out preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of the methanol fractions of the leaf of Gmelina arborea. The methanol leaf extract and its fractions were screened for phytochemical and antimicrobial activity using standard procedures. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, triterpenes and steroids. Highest zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate fraction with (29mm) against some tested clinical pathogens compared to other fractions screened. MIC ranged between (6.25-12.5mg/ml) was observed in ethyl acetate. MBC of (12.5mg/ml) was observed in ethyl acetate fraction compared to other fractions screened. This study supports the folkloric claims for the use of the plant against some bacterial infections and can be exploited as alternative antimicrobial drug use for the treatment of infectious disease caused by these pathogens.
Entropy-Based QoS Route Stability Technique for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Abubakar A.M. , Ibrahim A.L.
Published: July 2022

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has received significant considerations with the prominent introduction of real-time application that triggers research activities on area of Quality of Service (QoS). QoS provisioning for guaranteeing a data route to be available and stable for a longer period remains the most challenging tasks VANET. Therefore QoS of routing is highly affected by mobility features of vehicles in VANET environment. We propose simple QoS routing strategies capable of providing optimal paths with certain QoS requirements route stability based on received entropy. Extensions were added to the messages used during route discovery/reply with route stability information for optimal and stable route. Results obtained indicate improvements in terms of average network throughput, average network delay and percentage of packet drop.
Effect of Alectra vogelii (Benth) Aqueous Extract on the Growth Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Varieties in Zaria, Kaduna State
Authors: Basheer A. , Alonge S.O. , Abubakar B.Y.
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Alectra vogelii (Benth) aqueous extracts on the growth parameters of cowpea (Vigna ungiucuata (L.) Walp). The experiment was carried out in the Orchard of the Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria in 2018. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Alectra vogelii whole plant was carried out at National Research Institute and Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria. Alectra vogelii aqueous extract was applied on four varieties of cowpea: Sampea 7, Sampea 9, Sampea 10 and IAR-00-1074 at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/l, and the treatment were laid in complete randomized design with three replications. The growth parameters evaluated included plant height, number of leaves and root noodles at 5, 7 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). Data obtained for growth parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test used to separate means that were significant. The result for phytochemical composition of A. vogelii whole plant showed the presence of five active phytochemical constituents: Saponins (46.50%), flavonoids (16.04%), tannins (0.247%), cyanogenic glycoside (0.212%) and alkaloids (0.08%). Significant difference (P≤0.05) was found in the effect of the extracts on growth parameters of cowpea. There is marked reduction in the growth parameters with increase in A. vogelii aqueous extract concentration. This implies that, A. vogelii extracts inhibits growth of cowpea with 200mg/l having the highest effect. Thus, the inhibitory action of A. vogelii can probably be attributed to the active phytochemicals present in the extracts Therefore, it is recommended that, A. vogelii residues should be well removed from farms as may inhibit the growth of cowpea due to their allelochemicals content.
Study on Condition Factor and Hepatosomatic Index of Bagrus bayad (FORSSKAL, 1775) and Synodontis nigrita (VALENCIENNES, 1840) from Kangimi Reservoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Dambo A. , Solomon S.G. , Ayuba V.O. , Okayi R.G.
Published: July 2022

A study was conducted to determine the condition factor and hepato-somatic index of Bagrus bayad and Synodontis nigrita in a reservoir. The body weight and total length of specimens collected was used for condition factor determination. The range of condition factor for Bagrus bayad was from 0.972 to 2.118. Condition factor variation for Synodontis nigrita was between Synodontis nigrita and 3.050. The monthly condition factor values variation was significant at P<0.05. There was significant variation between male and female condition factor. Seasonal fluctuation in both species was not significant. Hepato-somatic index for Bagrus bayad changed from 1.772 to 4.132 to 1.772. That of Synodontis nigrita was within the range of 1.304 and 2.299. . Hepato-somatic index varied significantly at P<0.05. Sexual hepato-somatic index difference was not significant. Bagrus bayad hepato-somatic index seasonal difference was not significant. The dry and rainy season difference was for Synodontis nigrita was significant. The recommended range of condition factor is above the range obtained in the present study.
Isolation and Molecular identification of Phenol tolerating bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites
Authors: Dankaka S.M. , Abdullahi N.
Published: July 2022

This research was conducted to isolate and identify phenol tolerating bacteria from petroleum contaminated sites. Two bacterial species were isolated from petroleum contaminated sites (NWPK and NWPKD). The isolation was based on morphological, microscopic and molecular identification. The total viable counts of phenol utilizing bacteria from NWPK and NWPKD are 2.71x107 and 4.0x106 cfu/g respectively. The isolates showed capacity of phenol tolerance at 500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L and 1500 mg/L when grown on phenol tolerant nutrient agar. The NWPK showed its capacity to tolerate phenol at 2.3x107, 2.5x107 and 1.0x107 cfu/g of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L of phenol concentration respectively while NWPKD tolerate 1.5x107, 3.8x107 and 1.0x107 cfu/g of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L of phenol respectively. The isolates were identified as Citrobacter and Acinetobacter species respectively based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These isolates showed their ability to withstand and survive high phenol concentrations in the environment.
QoS Enhancement of Wireless Campus Network Using Throughput Parameter
Authors: Ibrahim A.L. , Abubakar A.M.
Published: July 2022

In recent years, broadband wireless systems developed themselves as one of the fastest growing and emerging sector in the field of telecommunications. It is a network of multiple interconnected local area networks in a limited geographical area. Quality of Service (QoS) is considered as one of the key issue in Wireless Campus Network due to the bottleneck and the competition among different kinds of traffic flow on the network. In this paper a Short-Term and Long-Term models are developed to enhancements QoS performance for Wireless Campus Network using throughput parameter. The models were designed and simulated using Optimized Network Engineering Tool, OPNET IT GURU Academic Edition with linkages between wireless workstations suitable for implementation to determine the performance of the network throughput. The two versions contain the same number of wireless workstations, but with some additional access points and multiple processors in the long-term model, a point-to - point protocol (PPP) was used to link the access points to the routers and the cloud while using 100BaseT cable to connect. In each case, the wireless network throughput was obtained. The findings obtained from these models showed that, relative to the short-term model, the Long-Term model achieves higher wireless network performance. That may be due to the fact that while in both models the total number of wireless workstations is the same, the long-term model topology includes additional access points and double processors resulting in the observed minimum throughput.
Generalized Hukuhara Derivatives of Solving of Second Order Linear Homogeneous ODEs by Generalized Triangular Fuzzy Number Using Fuzzy Laplace Transform
Authors: Tahir A. , Habib H.
Published: July 2022

Second order linear homogeneous ordinary differential equations are solved using fuzzy Laplace transform method with generalized Hukuhara differentiability concept. The results obtained is in this study is in the form of generalized triangular fuzzy number. Existence and uniqueness of solution are also obtained. However, based on the cases presented, the results have shown that relationship existed between the FLT of second order and its kth derivative for k ≥1.
Ameliorative Eefects of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus) on Aluminum Chloride Induced Renal Histopathology on Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Gudaji A. , Shuaibu M.I. , Idris A.T.
Published: July 2022

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) is known in Nigeria as aya in Hausa, “Ofio” in Yoruba and “Aki Hausa” in Igbo, is an edible perennial grass-like plant. Tiger nut tubers can be eaten snacked, roasted, fried or baked and liquid (Kunun aya). Tiger nut contain lipid, protein, and carbohydrate (fiber and starch included). Tiger nut can be used to ‘mop up’ and scavenge free-radicals generated by essential metabolic body reactions and environmental pollutants. The major route of aluminium elimination is by the kidneys.Due to its reactivity, aluminum in nature is found only in combination with other elements like chlorine as in aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Al compound are used in a variety of foodstuffs, medications, domestic water supplies, kitchen equipments. herbs and cosmetics. If the kidney cannot excrete Al, it will accumulate in the body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effects of tiger nut against aluminium chloride induced renal histopathology in the kidney of wistar rats. Twenty adult males and females wistar rats weighing 80 – 170g were grouped into 4. Group 1 - Control group, received normal saline for 14 days, Group 2 – received 1250mg of liquid tiger (ethanolic extract) nut extract daily by oral route for 14days. Group 3 – received aqueous aluminium chloride 500mg/kg followed by 2500mg/kg of liquid tiger nut extract daily by oral route for 14days and Group 4 – received aqueous aluminium chloride 500mg/kg followed by 3750mg/kg of liquid tiger nut extract daily by oral route for 14days. After sacrifice and tissue processing, groups 1 and 2 presented normal renal histology while groups 3 and 4 presented normal renal histology with lymphocytes between their distal convoluted tubules around the medulla. It was concluded that tiger nut has an ameliorative effect on AlCl3 induced histomorphological changes in the histology of kidney and it has no any negative effect on the histology of kidney.
Effet des extraits des feuilles de Ficus sycomorus sur les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques des rats Wistar
Authors: Kouadio Adjoua L. , Gnahoue Gaoueh , Kple Mireille K.T. , Abizi Georges , Kone Serge D. , Kra Mathieu K.A.
Published: July 2022

Ficus sycomorus est une plante présente dans le nord de la Côte d’Ivoire et dont les feuilles sont prisées par les éleveurs pour leurs bétails. Cependant, des données scientifiques sur la toxicité et la composition phytochimique de cette plante sont méconnues en Côte d’Ivoire. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer la toxicité aiguë et subaiguë des extraits issus des feuilles de Ficus sycomorus chez des rats Wistar. Les extraits aqueux et hydroéthanolique ont été obtenus par macération (homogénéisation). Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que ces extraits contiennent des composés bioactifs qui donneraient aux feuilles des propriétés pharmacologiques. Les feuilles de Ficus sycomorus sont sans danger pour la santé car la DL50 des extraits est supérieure à 5000 mg/kg. De plus, l’utilisation quotidienne des extraits a révélé leurs activités néphro, hépato et cardio protectrice. Une diminution du poids relatif du foie des rats femelles traités a été observée ainsi qu’une augmentation significative du taux de globules blancs et des plaquettes sanguines de tous les animaux traités. Ces extraits ont également significativement baissé le taux de LDL-cholestérol des animaux traités. Ces résultats montrent que ces extraits de feuilles n’ont généré aucun dommage durant la période d’étude, aux doses étudiées.
Le s symbioses fixatrices d’azote : types et régulateurs t ranscriptionnels de la nodulation
Authors: Diedhiou Issa , Diedhiou Abdala G. , Diouf Diaga
Published: July 2022

Les symbioses fixatrices d’azote sont des interactions à bénéfice réciproque entre certaines espèces végétales (légumineuses et plantes actinorhiziennes principalement) et des microorganismes du sol ( r hizobium ou Frankia ). Ces symbioses contribuent de façon considérable à la nutrition azotée de ces plantes e t donc à leur développement particulièrement sur l es sols pauvres en azote . L’établissement de ces symbioses démarre par un dialogue moléculaire , puis par la formation de structures appelées nodules ou nodosités , siège des échanges entre les deux partenaires (plante et bactérie) La formation et le développement de nodules requièrent la médiation de gènes spécifiques parmi les quels figurent les régulateurs transcriptionnels ( facteurs de transcription et microARN) microARN). Des facteurs de transcription dont CYCLOPS, NSP1 et NSP2 communs entre les symbioses r hizobium légumineuse et Frankia plante actinorhizienne ont été caractérisés à d ifférents stades du développement du nodule Ils interagissent avec les protéines DE LLA pour induire l’expression du gène NIN , n écessaire à l’initiation de l’infection . Ces facteurs de transcription sont régulés par divers microARN. Cette revue résume l es types de symbioses fixatrices d’azote et les récentes avancées sur l es régulateurs transcriptionnels impliqué s dans l es étapes de pré infection, d’infection et d’organogenèse du nodule . Pour ce faire, nous avons collecté et analysé des données pertinentes de la littérature sur des études moléculaires et cellulaires des symbioses fixatrices d’azote.
Effect of artificial food on the survival and growth tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther 1858) in pond-raised
Authors: Agou Louis César , Tohe Blayda , Konate Beh Romaric
Published: July 2022

The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of artificial food on the survival and growth tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis in rectangular enclosures (2 m x 1 m x 0.5 m) placed in a pond until the onset of metamorphosis. Three different mediums: medium 1 (E1) = tadpoles fed with artificial food containing 27% protein, medium 2 (E2) = tadpoles fed with spirulina and medium 3 (E3) = no-fed tadpoles were tested in triplicate on tadpoles of initial weight 0.04 g. The tadpoles were fed daily at 10% of their biomass at a frequency of 3 times/day. After 28 days of rearing, the highest final weight, final length, specific growth rate and survival rate, respectively 2.16 ± 0.21 g, 62.59 ± 1.81 mm, 1328 ± 0.32% and 80.33% were recorded with tadpoles of medium 1 fed with the artificial food containing 27% protein. Growth and feed utilization parameters recorded in medium E1 tadpoles were significantly higher (p˂0.05) compared to other culture mediums. The results obtained show the possibility of rearing the tadpoles of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis with an artificial feed in a pond.
Commerce alimentaire de proximité dans les rues de la ville de Douala: cas de la banane plantain mûre braisée vendue par les femmes
Authors: Folefack Denis Pompidou , Nsangou Njankouo Abdoulay
Published: July 2022

Cette étude analyse les logiques commerciales des femmes vendant la banane plantain mûre braisée dans de la ville de Douala. Des enquêtes structurées ont été réalisées auprès de 80 vendeurs. Des résultats montrent que l’activité est exercée par les femmes, dont l’âge moyen est 46 ans. Ces femmes sont mariées dans la majorité, ont un niveau d’instruction d’au moins le primaire. Dans les marchés, les femmes braisent plus le plantain demi mûr, soit près de 76%, contre seulement 21% de plantain mûr et enfin 10% de plantain non mûr. L’activité étant informelle les femmes vendent à 91% en bordure de rue. Le plantain braisé est vendu en doigt (97,5%) sous différentes tailles et les prix de vente connaissent des fortes fluctuations et variations saisonnières. L’activité est génératrice de revenus pour les femmes, ce qui contribue à leur autonomisation. Les femmes font face à des contraintes majeures à l’instar de : cherté du plantain dans les marchés, l’instabilité des prix, le manque d’un bon emplacement, etc. Une amélioration des conditions de travail, avec la modernisation des outils pourrait captiver les jeunes filles en chômage. Pour cela des jeunes startuppeuses sont interpellées à se pencher sur la question.
Comparative study of chemical variability of essential oils from the leaves of Lippia multiflora Mold (Verbenaceae) collected in five regions of Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Atche Philatryho , Siaka Sorho , Koné Kouwelton Patrick Franck Olivier , Soro Yaya , Tonzibo Zanahi Félix
Published: July 2022

Chemical variability of a plant from various continents or collected in different localities justifies its different biological activities. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the statistical study of chemical variability of essential oils from leaves of Lippia multiflora Mold from five localities in the center of Côte d'Ivoire. Essential oils have been extracted by hydrodistillation with yields varying from 0.34 to 1.20% depending on localities. Analysis of their chemical compositions showed the predominance of eucalyptol / germacrene D (13.91 / 11.02%), α-citral / β-citral / α-phellandrene (21.87 / 16.74 / 12.79%), linalool / (±)-trans-nerolidol / α-citral (19.99 / 18.68 / 12.10%), α-citral / β-citral (17.20 / 11.59%) and α-citral / β-citral (16.38 / 11.57%) in the oils from Yamoussoukro, Tiébissou, Bouaflé, Toumodi and Dimbokro, respectively. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Ascending Classification revealed that these essential oils can be classified in three groups or chemotypes dominated by Eucalyptol, Citral / Linalool and trans-Geraniol.
Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique et bactériologique de l’eau du lac Azili dans la commune de Zangnanado au centre du Bénin
Authors: Dovonou Flavien Edia , Alladassivo Etienne Mivodjo , Koukpo John Martial , Sintondji Luc , Yalo Nicaise
Published: July 2022

Un écosystème aquatique sain est primordial pour la vie des produits halieutiques et une alimentation saine de la population. Ce travail se propose de faire une évaluation de la qualité du lac Azili dans la commune de Zangnanado. Les méthodes de spectrophotométrie d’absorption moléculaire et de membrane filtrante pour le dénombrement des germes sont adoptées. L’échantillonnage a été fait en novembre 2020 suivant quatre points (aval, amont, milieu du lac et proximité de l’île). Les résultats obtenus montrent une teneur en azote supérieure à 2 mg/l ; la teneur en phosphores supérieure à 1 mg/l ; la DBO5 varie de 5 à 18 mg/l; la DCO varie de 9.98 à 52.59 mg/l; la teneur en ammonium varie de 0.45 à 0.5 mg/l; la teneur en coliformes thermotolérants varie entre 60 et 3140 CT/100 ml; les teneurs en E. coli et entérocoques fécaux varient de 0 à 20 germes/100 ml. Les résultats issus de cette étude montrent que le lac Azili est à son début de pollution. Cette pollution du lac est due aux activités anthropiques. Des stratégies pour limiter la pollution doivent être mise en place pour éviter le pire dans le futur.
Etat de pollution des eaux de la rivière Kan, après la crise militaro-politique de 2010 en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Ble Louan Odile , Kouassi Amenan Evelyne , Adro Jean Elioth , Degny Serge
Published: July 2022

La rivière Kan située au sud de Bouaké est soumise à une pression surtout urbaines. Depuis la crise militaro-politique de 2010, des activités agricoles et de pèche se sont développées autour de ce cours d’eau. Les eaux usées sont rejetées directement dans le cours de la rivière. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’impact des activités socio-économiques sur la rivière Kan à partir d’une enquête de terrain et une analyse physico-chimiques et microbiologiques des eaux. Cette ressource est utilisée par la Société de Distribution d’eau Potable de la Côte d’Ivoire pour l’alimentation en eau potable des populations Pour ce faire, 08 sites d’échantillonnage ont été sélectionnés. Les paramètres physico-chimiques ont été déterminés et des analyses de coliformes totaux de coliformes thermotolérants et de streptocoques fécaux ont été effectuées par les méthodes de filtration sur membrane. Les valeurs respectivement sont de 18.102 à 93.105 UFC/100 ml d’eau. Le résultat de l’analyse physico-chimiques indique une turbidité comprise entre 2,35 NTU et 21,5 NTU au-dessus de la norme OMS, cette turbidité est influencée par les activités anthropiques exercées. Dans la rivière Kan, la concentration en éléments polluants est en nette augmentation à cause des eaux usées qui y sont déversées sans traitement préalable.
Spatial distribution of goat breeds bred in Benin
Authors: Behingan Milognon Boris , Mama Adi , Houndonougbo Pascal Venant , Koudande Delphin Olorounto , Glele Kakai Romain Lucas , Chrysostome Christophe Archille Armand Mahussi
Published: July 2022

Characterization of local goat breeds is an important step for the development of its breeding. This characterization cannot be done without knowing the size and the spatial distribution of the existing breeds. Thus, this work was carried out to study the spatial distribution of goat breeds bred in Benin. To achieve this, 498 breeders spread across the three climate zone of Benin were subjected to semi-structured individual interviews. The data collected were the socio-demographic characteristics of breeders, the number of breeds bred and the size of the herd per breed. Descriptive statistics, and the generalized linear model of Poisson family were used for data analysis. Results showed that breeders were mainly male (54.02%), married (88.15%) with a high rate of non-education (65.26%). The number of breeds bred by breeders in Guinean zone was 3 (West African Dwarf (WAD), Sahelian and Maradi goat) but 4 Soudanian and Soudano-Guinean zone (WAD, Sahelian, Maradi goat and Saanen). Despite the diversity of this breeds in the climate zone, only WAD breed was bred by more than 80% of breeders with a livestock size of 6133.