bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene polymorphism with the effects of weight reduction therapy on bodyweight and glycolipid profiles in obese patients
Authors: Yamakage Hajime , Konishi Yousuke , Muranaka Kazuya , Hotta Kikuko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Morisaki Hiroko , Morisaki Takayuki , Satoh‐Asahara Noriko
Published: January 2021

Aims/Introduction

Weight reduction therapy is the primary treatment to prevent complications of obesity, such as lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular disease; however, to date, useful methods and genetic factors for predicting the outcomes of weight reduction therapy in obese patients have not been established. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator for insulin and leptin signaling, potentially modulates glucose and energy homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of PTPN1 polymorphisms on weight reduction and diabetes in obese Japanese patients.

Materials and Methods

PTPN1‐tagged single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3787348 and rs6067484 were genotyped in 447 obese Japanese patients from the general population. In this prospective cohort study, all obese patients underwent a 3‐month weight reduction therapy with lifestyle modifications, as recommended by guidelines.

Results

In obese patients (male/female 196/251, age 50 ± 15 years, body mass index [BMI] 32 ± 6 kg/m2), the minor allele appeared at a frequency of 45.5% in rs3787348 SNP of the PTPN1 gene. The T allele of rs3787348 was significantly associated with a higher BMI (P = 0.041 in the additive model). The patients with the T allele in SNP rs3787348 of PTPN1 had significantly smaller reductions in BMI, bodyweight and waist circumference levels during weight reduction therapy (BMI G/G, −1.9 ± 0.2; G/T, −1.5 ± 0.1; T/T, −1.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.001 in the additive model).

Conclusions

Our findings show that the SNP rs3787348 in PTPN1 was associated with the effects of weight reduction therapy on BMI and waist circumference among obese Japanese patients.
2D and 3D patient's representation of simulated restorative esthetic outcomes using different computer‐aided design software programs
Authors: Piedra‐Cascón Wenceslao , Fountain Joshua , Att Wael , Revilla‐León Marta
Published: January 2021

Objective

To review the techniques and available 2D and 3D computer‐aided design (CAD) software programs to perform a diagnostic waxing for restorative procedures when cone beam computed tomography is not indicated.

Overview

An electronic review was performed in Medline, Embase, and Scopus search engines. A manual search was also conducted. The articles evaluating methods to obtain a 2D or 3D patient's representation for restorative dental procedures were included. A total of 33 articles were included for full text review. CAD programs provide the capability to integrate facial features from 2D photographs or 3D facial scans and facilitate facially driven digital diagnostic waxing procedures. Diagnostic and design tools varied among the programs, and multiple technique descriptions were found. However, the literature evaluating the accuracy of virtual patients and the perception variations between the 2D and 3D dimensional representations is limited.

Conclusions

The integration of digital technologies into treatment planning procedures introduce variation into the conventional interfaces; however, the concepts remain the same. Further studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of the virtual representations and the influence of the type of dimensional representation on the esthetic perceptions among dental professionals.

Clinical significance

The 2D and 3D CAD software programs facilitate the integration of facial features into digital diagnostic waxing procedures; however, the esthetic perception of the patient's virtual representation might vary among the different systems.
Coastal sharks and rays in a marine protected area in southernBrazil
Authors: Santos Paulo R. S. , Alves Marcelo N. , Severo Magnus M.
Published: January 2021

In southern Brazil, we investigated shark and ray capture records in an integral protection marine protection area (MPA) that allows fishing in that area. We found 10 shark and nine ray species, of which 88.5% and 66.2%, respectively, are endangered. Female adults and neonates of both sexes are abundant in the area, with records of stranding of large specimens, postcapture abortions and ovigerous capsules with fresh embryos on the beach. We suggest the application of continuous fisheries monitoring and an increase in guidelines on the capture of endangered species.
Sustainable use of biowaste for synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its incorporation into gelatin‐based nanocomposite films for antimicrobial food packaging applications
Authors: Kowsalya Elumalai , MosaChristas Kithiyon , Balashanmugam Pannerselvam , Manivasagan Veerasamy , Devasena Thiyagarajan , Jaquline Chinna Rani Inbaraj
Published: January 2021

Biodegradable nanocomposite films have been developed by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the gelatin biopolymer matrix for food packaging applications. AgNPs were biologically synthesized using industrial food waste, namely, cassava tuber peels. The cassava peels mediated synthesized AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorbance peak at 434.4 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results revealed spherical shaped particles with a size range of 10–45 nm. The presence of elemental silver and crystalline nature of AgNPs was confirmed by Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyzes. AgNPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the films showed the successful incorporation of AgNPs into the gelatin matrix. AgNPs integration has demonstrated improvement in the mechanical and barrier properties of nanocomposite films. The gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite films have resulted in an excellent notable increase in the shelf life of sapodilla fruits. This confirms that the gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite films are ideal for the food packaging industry to extend the shelf life of packaged food.

Practical applications

The use of silver nanoparticles as an antimicrobial in the field of food technology has been of great interest in recent years. The present study highlights the importance of the use of industrial food waste for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its incorporation into the gelatin matrix for the preparation of thin nanocomposite film. Gelatin–AgNPs nanocomposite film showed enhanced UV‐shielding and antimicrobial properties, which increased the shelf life of sapodilla fruits. AgNPs incorporated gelatin nanocomposite film could prove to be an effective antimicrobial food packaging material and an efficient way to extend the post‐harvest life of food.
Predictor of self‐efficacy in individuals with chronic disease: Stress‐coping strategies
Authors: Bakan Gulcan , Inci Fadime Hatice
Published: January 2021

Aims and Objectives

This study aims to investigate the relationship between stress‐coping strategies of individuals with chronic diseases and their self‐efficacy.

Background

Self‐efficacy and coping with stress in chronic diseases affect the course of the disease.

Design

The sample of this methodological study consisted of 178 patients who were hospitalised in a university hospital between November 2017 and November 2018.

Methods

Data were collected by the face‐to‐face interview method using a Patient Information Form, Stress‐Coping Styles Scale and Self‐Efficacy Scale. This study followed STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Results

The study found that there was a strong relationship between patients’ coping strategies and their self‐efficacies and that the variables that predict self‐efficacy in order of importance were self‐confident approach (β = .41), the helpless approach (β = −0.24) and the submissive approach (β = −0.15), respectively. The study also found that the optimistic approach and the seeking social support approach had no significant contribution to the model.

Conclusions

The most important predictor of self‐efficacy in individuals with chronic disease was the self‐confident approach, which was one of the problem‐oriented coping strategies. Therefore, patients should be taught to use effective methods to cope with stress to increase their self‐efficacy, and their self‐confidence should be supported.

Relevance to clinical practice

In individuals with chronic disease, self‐efficacy has an important role to get better psycho‐social adaptation. To determine patients’ self‐efficacy levels and predictors will guide nursing initiatives.
Antenatal counselling of congenital surgical anomalies: A decade of experience in a local tertiary centre
Authors: Fung Adrian Chi Heng , Kan Anita Sik Yau , Chung Patrick HY , Shek Noel Wing Man , Chan Ivy Hau Yee , Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen
Published: January 2021

Aim

This study reviewed the experience of a tertiary paediatric surgery and obstetric centre on prenatal counselling of congenital surgical anomalies and to explore the role of paediatric surgeons on perinatal outcomes of antenatally detected anomalies.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all antenatal consultations and subsequent medical records after birth were performed between 2009 and 2018. Data including timing of consultations, gestations at birth, birthweight, impact on obstetrics management, neonatal mortality and need of surgery were included.

Results

A total of 256 fetuses were diagnosed to have congenital surgical anomalies on antenatal ultrasound. The most common were urogenital (31%) and thoracic (30%) anomalies. Twelve of the 256 (4.7%) had multiple anomalies. The mean gestation at referral was 23 ± 5 weeks. The majority (85.4%) were born at term. Mode and timing of delivery was altered in 7% of patients. Four received fetal intervention after surgical consultation. Termination of pregnancy rate was 5.4% (n = 14). Neonatal death was reported in 7.8% of the cohort.

Conclusion

Congenital surgical anomalies had a significant impact on perinatal outcome as well as morbidity in later infancy and childhood. A multidisciplinary approach in managing pregnancy with these anomalies should be implemented. Combined‐specialty consultations and counselling deliver valuable information for parents.
Motivational Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Achievement: A Regulatory Focus Perspective
Authors: Papi Mostafa , Khajavy Gholam Hassan
Published: January 2021

We tested a theoretical model that integrated regulatory focus, second language (L2) self‐guides, anxiety and enjoyment, eager and vigilant L2 use, and L2 achievement. We collected data from 324 students learning English as a foreign language. Structural equation modeling results showed that (a) the promotion focus positively predicted ideal selves, whereas the prevention focus negatively predicted ought selves; (b) ideal self/own predicted enjoyment positively and anxiety negatively, ought self/other and ideal self/other predicted anxiety positively, and ought self/own positively predicted vigilant L2 use; (c) enjoyment predicted eager L2 use positively and vigilant L2 use negatively, whereas anxiety predicted vigilant L2 use positively; and finally (d) eager L2 use positively and vigilant L2 use negatively predicted achievement. The findings suggest that a promotion‐oriented approach to language learning and teaching might lead to more adaptive motivational, emotional, and behavioral patterns, which in turn contribute to language learning success. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.
Perceived insufficient milk among primiparous, fully breastfeeding women: Is infant crying important?
Authors: Mohebati Lisa M. , Hilpert Peter , Bath Sarah , Rayman Margaret P. , Raats Monique M. , Martinez Homero , Caulfield Laura E.
Published: January 2021

Breastfeeding mothers often report perceived insufficient milk (PIM) believing their infant is crying too much, which leads to introducing formula and the early abandonment of breastfeeding. We sought to determine if infant crying was associated with reported PIM (yes/no) and number of problems associated with lactation (lactation problem score [LPS] 6‐point Likert scale) before formula introduction. Primiparous breastfeeding mothers were recruited at birth and visited at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Among those fully breastfeeding at 1 week (N = 230), infant crying variables based on maternal reports were not associated with PIM at 1 week, but LPS was. However, a mother's expectation that her infant would cry more than other infants was associated with increased odds of reporting PIM at 2 and 4 weeks, as were delayed onset of lactation and previous LPS. At 1 week, crying variables (frequency, difficulty in soothing) were associated with LPS along with percent weight change. Delayed onset of lactation, infant care style, number of breastfeeds and previous LPS were longitudinally associated with change in LPS from 1 to 2 weeks and 2 to 4 weeks. Our data suggest that reported infant crying is associated with PIM and LPS in the first 4 weeks of life. Guidance on what to expect in crying behaviour and the impact of infant care style may be beneficial in reducing PIM and LPS in the first month.
Estimating principal plane positions for ocular power calculations in children and adults
Authors: Rozema Jos J.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To develop an age‐dependent model to estimate the positions of the ocular and lenticular principal planes (pps) for use in ocular and axial power calculations.

Methods

Ocular power of the eye (Peye) and axial power (Pax) were calculated based on previously published average data of the ocular biometry and refraction in newborn infants, children and adults, as well as the associated pp positions. Next, regressions of the pp positions were made as a function of the logarithm of age, which were subsequently used to estimate Peye and Pax. These regression‐based estimates were compared with the original data for validation. Finally, this procedure was repeated using the Atchison myopic eye model to determine the influence of myopia on the regression estimates.

Results

In adults, the corneal pps almost coincide at 0.058 mm in front of the cornea. The first lenticular pp position relative to the corneal apex is described by the equation: 5.809 – 0.697·exp(−0.211·Age) (r2 = 0.96), and the second lenticular pp by 6.026 – 0.684·exp(−0.232·Age) (r2 = 0.95). The first ocular pp position relative to the corneal apex is at 0.293·exp(−0.232·Age) – 2.2·10−3·Age + 1.723 (r2 = 0.99) and the second ocular pp is located at 0.392·exp(−0.181·Age) – 2.4·10−3·Age + 2.093 (r2 = 0.99). Estimates of Peye and Pax derived from these regressions led to minor differences from the original values (0.00 ± 0.06D and 0.00 ± 0.10D, respectively). These errors were not affected by ocular refraction between −10D and 0D, with errors of + 0.12 ± 0.00D and −0.02 ± 0.05D for Peye and Pax, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed regression models of the pp positions are sufficiently accurate to estimate Peye and Pax reliably. Interestingly, although the adult lens undergoes considerable physiological changes, its pps remain fixed with respect to the corneal apex.
Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasonic Bone Curette‐assisted Dome‐like Laminoplasty in the Treatment of Cervical Ossification of Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Sun Baifeng , Xu Chen , Wu Shenshen , Zhang Yizhi , Wu Huiqiao , Qi Min , Shen Xiaolong , Yuan Wen , Liu Yang
Published: January 2021

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic bone curette‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty in the treatment of ossification of longitudinal ligament (OPLL) involving C2.

Methods

A total of 64 patients with OPLL involving C2 level were enrolled. Thirty‐eight patients who underwent ultrasonic bone curette‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty were defined as ultrasonic bone curette group (UBC), and 28 patients who underwent traditional high‐speed drill‐assisted dome‐like laminoplasty were defined as high‐speed drill group (HSD). Patient characteristics such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), symptomatic duration, and other information like the type of OPLL, the time of surgery, blood loss, C2–C7 Cobb angle change and complications were all recorded and compared. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, the nerve root functional improvement rate (IR), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess neurological recovery and pain relief. The change of the distance between the apex of ossification and a continuous line connecting the anterior edges of the lamina was measured to assess the spinal expansion extent. The measured data were statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software, and the measurement data were expressed as mean ± SD.

Results

In ultrasonic bone curette (UBC) group and high‐speed drill group (HSD) group, the average time for laminoplasty was 52.3 ± 18.2 min and 76.0 ± 21.8 min and the mean bleeding loss volume was 155.5 ± 41.3 mL and 177.4 ± 54.7 mL, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. Both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in neurological function. However, the VAS score in UBC group was lower than in HSD group at the 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at 1‐year follow‐up. We found that the loss of lordosis was 1.5° ± 1.0° in UBC group, which is significantly lower than that of HSD group at 1‐year follow‐up (3.8° ± 1.2°, P < 0.05). According to the change of canal dimension, we found that the expansion extent of the spinal canal in UBC group was similar to that of HSD group (P > 0.05). Only one patient in the UBC group and five patients in the HSD group displayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakag.

Conclusions

With the use of ultrasonic bone curette in OPLL dome‐like decompression, the decompression surgery could be completed relatively safely and quickly. It effectively reduced the amount of intraoperative blood loss and complications, and had better initial recovery of neck pain.
Endobronchial coil spring fiducial markers for CyberKnife® stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Casutt Alessio , Noirez Leslie , Bernasconi Maurizio , Koutsokera Angela , Beigelman‐Aubry Catherine , Kinj Rémy , Ozsahin Esat‐Mahmut , Durham André‐Dante , von Garnier Christophe , Lovis Alban
Published: January 2021

We assessed for the first time the safety and efficacy of bronchoscopically inserted cs‐FM for CyberKnife® SBRT delivery. We show that this technique is safe and resulted in a very high PPL tracking rate enabling optimal SBRT delivery.

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Veterinary allergy information has lower health readability than human allergy information: a comparative analysis of allergy education materials for pets and people
Authors: Tater Kathy Chu
Published: January 2021

Background – Pet owners frequently consult online sources of veterinary health information. However, there are limited data on the readability of these resources and whether the readability is appropriate for pet owner education levels. Objectives – To evaluate the education level of the US pet‐owning population, and determine the readability of pet allergy information and compare the readability of online pet allergy information with online human allergy information. Conclusions – Allergy information on veterinary websites was less readable than allergy information on human health websites. Online veterinary information may be written at a reading level that is inappropriate for pet owners.
The impact of face masks on the recall of spoken sentences
Authors: Truong Thanh Lan , Beck Sara D. , Weber Andrea
Published: January 2021

The effect of face covering masks on listeners' recall of spoken sentences was investigated. Thirty-two German native listeners watched video recordings of a native speaker producing German sentences with and without a face mask, and then completed a cued-recall task. Listeners recalled significantly fewer words when the sentences had been spoken with a face mask. This might suggest that face masks increase processing demands, which in turn leaves fewer resources for encoding speech in memory. The result is also informative for policy-makers during the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding the impact of face masks on oral communication.
Transient recovery problem in acoustics: A multichannel model-based deconvolution approach
Authors: Candy J. V. , Case J. E. , Fisher K. A. , Illingworth B. R. , Craft K. W.
Published: January 2021

Critical acoustical systems operating in complex environments contaminated with disturbances and noise offer an extreme challenge when excited by out-of-the-ordinary, impulsive, transient events that can be undetected and seriously affect their overall performance. Transient impulse excitations must be detected, extracted, and evaluated to determine any potential system damage that could have been imposed; therefore, the problem of recovering the excitation in an uncertain measurement environment becomes one of multichannel deconvolution. Recovering a transient and its initial energy has not been solved satisfactorily, especially when the measurement has been truncated and only a small segment of response data is available. The development of multichannel deconvolution techniques for both complete and incomplete excitation data is discussed, employing a model-based approach based on the state-space representation of an identified acoustical system coupled to a forward modeling solution and a Kalman-type processor for enhancement and extraction. Synthesized data are utilized to assess the feasibility of the various approaches, demonstrating that reasonable performance can be achieved even in noisy environments.
Convergent Validity of CR100-Based Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Elite Youth Football Players of Different Ages
Authors: Serpiello Fabio R. , Hopkins Will G.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To assess the convergent validity of internal load measured with the CR100 scale in youth football players of 3 age groups. Methods: A total of 59 players, age 12–17 years, from the youth academy of a professional football club were involved in this study. Convergent validity was examined by calculating the correlation between session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) and Edwards load, a commonly used load index derived from the heart rate, with the data originating from 1 competitive season. The magnitude of the relationship between sRPE and Edwards load was obtained with weighted mean correlations and by assessing the effect of the change of the Edwards load on sRPE. Differences between the individuals’ intercepts and slopes were assessed by interpreting the SD representing the random effects (player identity and the interaction of player identity and scaled Edwards load). Probabilistic decisions about true (infinite sample) magnitudes accounting for sampling uncertainty were based on 1-sided hypothesis tests of substantial magnitudes, followed by reference Bayesian analysis. Results: Very high relationships exist between the sRPE and Edwards load across all age groups, with no meaningful differences in the magnitudes of the relationships between groups. Moderate to large differences between training sessions and games were found in the slopes of the relationships between the sRPE and Edwards load in all age groups. Finally, mostly small to moderate differences were observed between individuals for the intercepts and slopes of the relationships between the sRPE and Edwards load. Conclusion: Practitioners working in youth team sports can safely use the CR100 scale to track internal load.
Monitoring Training Volume Through Maximal Number of Repetitions or Velocity-Based Approach
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Miguel , Rendeiro-Pinho Gonçalo , Mil-Homens Pedro V. , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to analyze the interindividual variability in the maximal number of repetitions (MNR) performed against a given relative load (percentage of 1-repetition maximum [%1RM]) and (2) to examine the relationship between the velocity loss (VL) magnitude and the percentage of completed repetitions with regard to the MNR (%Rep), when the %1RM is based on individual load–velocity relationships. Methods: Following an assessment of 1RM strength and individual load–velocity relationships, 14 resistance-trained men completed 5 MNR tests against loads of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% 1RM in the Smith machine bench-press exercise. The relative loads were determined from the individual load–velocity relationship. Results: Individual relationships between load and velocity displayed coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from .986 to .998. The MNR showed an interindividual coefficient of variation ranging from 8.6% to 33.1%, increasing as the %1RM increased. The relationship between %Rep and the magnitude of VL showed a general R2 of .92 to .94 between 50% and 80% 1RM, which decreased to .80 for 90% 1RM. The mean individual R2 values were between .97 and .99 for all loading conditions. The %Rep when a given percentage of VL was reached showed interindividual coefficient of variation values ranging from 5% to 20%, decreasing as the %Rep increased in each load condition. Conclusions: Setting a number of repetitions had acceptable interindividual variability, with moderate relative loads being adjusted based on the individual load–velocity relationship. However, to provide a more homogeneous level of effort between athletes, the VL approach should be considered, mainly when using individual VL–%Rep relationships.
Decolonizing Sports Sociology is a “Verb not a Noun”: Indigenizing Our Way to Reconciliation and Inclusion in the 21st Century? Alan Ingham Memorial Lecture
Authors: Whitinui Paul
Published: January 2021

In this paper, which is a revised and modified version of the 2019 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Alan Ingham Memorial lecture, the author shares four views, contributions, and opportunities that sports sociologists might consider useful in how to decolonize as well as indigenize our discipline together. The need to actively engage in the theory and practice of how to decolonize while understanding what it also means to work toward becoming an accomplice, activist, ally, or co-resistor are important threads underpinning the nature and scope of this paper. The author concludes with a plea to sports sociologists that decolonizing our minds is as much a collective effort as it is an act of reconciliation while maintaining the promise of inclusion, equity, and human rights. As sports sociologists, understanding what it means to be in “good relations” with Indigenous Peoples is fundamental to how we continue to build on and improve our discipline together.
Increased Proviral DNA in Circulating Cells Correlates with Plasma Viral Rebound in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques after Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption
Authors: Ziani Widade , Shao Jiasheng , Wang Xiaolei , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi , Liu Yao-Zhong , Montaner Luis J. , Veazey Ronald S. , Xu Huanbin
Published: January 2021

Viral reservoirs are involved in persistent HIV infection, and a small number of mosaic latent cellular reservoirs promote viral rebound upon analytical treatment interruption, which is the major obstacle to a cure. However, early indicators that can predict resurgence of viremia after treatment interruption may aid treatment decisions in people living with HIV.
Mucosal Delivery of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors Expressing Envelope Proteins of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces Protective Immunity in Cotton Rats
Authors: Binjawadagi Basavaraj , Ma Yuanmei , Binjawadagi Rashmi , Brakel Kelsey , Harder Olivia , Peeples Mark , Li Jianrong , Niewiesk Stefan
Published: January 2021

Even after decades of intensive research efforts, a safe and efficacious RSV vaccine remains elusive. Expression of heterologous antigens from rVSV vectors has demonstrated several practical and safety advantages over other virus vector systems and live attenuated vaccines.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Fusarium
sp. Strain DS 682, a Novel Fungal Isolate from the Grass Rhizosphere
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arunima , Anderson Lindsey N. , Alfaro Trinidad , Porras-Alfaro Andrea , Jumpponen Ari , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jansson Janet K. , Anderton Christopher R. , Nelson William C.
Published: January 2021

The novel fungal strain,
Fusarium
sp. strain DS 682, was isolated from the rhizosphere of the perennial grass,
Bouteloua gracilis
, at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in Kansas. This fungal strain is common across North American grasslands and is resilient to environmental fluctuations. The draft genome is estimated to be 97.2% complete.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Livingstone 1236H, a Desiccation-Resistant Strain That Poses a Salmonellosis Hazard in Low-Moisture Foods
Authors: Abdelhamid Ahmed G. , Xu Yumin , Yousef Ahmed E.
Published: January 2021

Salmonella enterica
serovar Livingstone 1236H was isolated originally from peanut butter and represents a health risk in low-moisture foods. The current work presents the strain’s genome sequencing results, which show a 4,824,729-bp genome sequence and 4,435 protein coding sequences, including some that are involved in adaptation to low-moisture environments.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Isolate H28 from the Meycauayan River, Philippines
Authors: Verdera Aroin B. , Montecillo Andrew D. , Obusan Marie Christine M.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. isolate H28, isolated from the sediments of Meycauayan River, Philippines. This species exhibits production of melanin as well as the ability to utilize and degrade both high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE).
Complete Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
Phage Sentinel
Authors: Talcott Andrew , Moreland Russell , Ramsey Jolene , Clark James , Hernandez Isla , Liu Mei , Burrowes Ben
Published: January 2021

The
Streptomyces
genus produces over two-thirds of clinically useful, natural antibiotics. Here, we describe the isolation and genome annotation of siphophage Sentinel, which utilizes
Streptomyces
sp. strain Mg1 as a host. It has a 50,272-bp genome and 83 protein-coding genes and shows similarity to other
Streptomyces
phages in the
Arequatrovirus
genus.
Study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, parallel group, sham-controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation on gastrointestinal symptoms in people with diabetes complicated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy: the DAN-VNS Study
Authors: Okdahl Tina , Bertoli Davide , Brock Birgitte , Krogh Klaus , Krag Knop Filip , Brock Christina , Drewes Asbjørn M
Published: January 2021

Introduction

A high proportion of people with diabetes experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, which may be manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN). The current treatment regime is ineffective and associated with major side effects. Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a new therapeutic option, which has been shown to increase GI motility and reduce inflammatory responses. As vagus is the main neuronal pathway for extrinsic coordination of GI secretion and motility, we hypothesise that tVNS will improve DAN-induced GI symptoms in subjects with diabetes.

Methods and analysis

The DAN-VNS study is a randomised multicentre clinical trial investigating the effect of short-term, high intensity as well as long-term, medium-intensity tVNS on GI symptom alleviation in 120 subjects with diabetes. The primary outcome consists of changes from baseline in subjective ratings of symptom severity. Secondary outcomes include changes in gastric motility and GI transit time measured by MRI and wireless motility capsule. Moreover, cardiovascular and sudomotor function, glycaemic control, brain sensory processing and presence of low-grade inflammation will be investigated as secondary outcome measures. Lastly, 15 responders of tVNS treatment will be included in an explorative, randomised, cross-over study, in which the acute endocrine and metabolic response to short-term tVNS will be investigated.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N-20190020). Results will be published in relevant international peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04143269.
Prognostic factors for recovery of health status after injury: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: de Munter Leonie , Polinder Suzanne , Havermans Roos J M , Steyerberg Ewout W , de Jongh Mariska A C
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To determine prognostic factors for health status and recovery patterns during the first 2 years after injury in the clinical trauma population.

Design

A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Ten participating hospitals in Brabant, the Netherlands.

Participants

Injured adult patients admitted to a hospital between August 2015 and November 2016 were followed: 4883 (50%) patients participated.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was health status, measured with the EuroQol-5-dimensions-3-levels (EQ-5D), including a cognition item and the EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale. Health status was collected at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after injury. Potential prognostic factors were based on literature and clinical experience (eg, age, sex, pre-injury frailty (Groningen Frailty Index), pre-injury EQ-5D).

Results

Health status increased mainly during the first 6 months after injury with a mean EQ-5D utility score at 1 week of 0.49 and 0.79 at 24 months. The dimensions mobility, pain/discomfort and usual activities improved up to 2 years after injury. Lower pre-injury health status, frailty and longer length of stay at the hospital were important prognostic factors for poor recovery. Spine injury, lower and upper extremity injury showed to be prognostic factors for problems after injury. Traumatic brain injury was a prognostic factor for cognitive problems.

Conclusion

This study contributes to the increase in knowledge of health recovery after injury. It could be a starting point to develop prediction models for specific injury classifications and implementation of personalised medicine.

Trial registration number

NCT02508675.
Using sensor-fusion and machine-learning algorithms to assess acute pain in non-verbal infants: a study protocol
Authors: Roué Jean-Michel , Morag Iris , Haddad Wassim M , Gholami Behnood , Anand Kanwaljeet J S
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Objective pain assessment in non-verbal populations is clinically challenging due to their inability to express their pain via self-report. Repetitive exposures to acute or prolonged pain lead to clinical instability, with long-term behavioural and cognitive sequelae in newborn infants. Strong analgesics are also associated with medical complications, potential neurotoxicity and altered brain development. Pain scores performed by bedside nurses provide subjective, observer-dependent assessments rather than objective data for infant pain management; the required observations are labour intensive, difficult to perform by a nurse who is concurrently performing the procedure and increase the nursing workload. Multimodal pain assessment, using sensor-fusion and machine-learning algorithms, can provide a patient-centred, context-dependent, observer-independent and objective pain measure.

Methods and analysis

In newborns undergoing painful procedures, we use facial electromyography to record facial muscle activity-related infant pain, ECG to examine heart rate (HR) changes and HR variability, electrodermal activity (skin conductance) to measure catecholamine-induced palmar sweating, changes in oxygen saturations and skin perfusion, and electroencephalography using active electrodes to assess brain activity in real time. This multimodal approach has the potential to improve the accuracy of pain assessment in non-verbal infants and may even allow continuous pain monitoring at the bedside. The feasibility of this approach will be evaluated in an observational prospective study of clinically required painful procedures in 60 preterm and term newborns, and infants aged 6 months or less.

Ethics and dissemination

The Institutional Review Board of the Stanford University approved the protocol. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at scientific meetings, taught via webinars, podcasts and video tutorials, and listed on academic/scientific websites. Future studies will validate and refine this approach using the minimum number of sensors required to assess neonatal/infant pain.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03330496).
Translation and validation of the Chinese version of medical maximizer-minimizer scale: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lai Fenghua , Pei Ling , Yue Shufan , Cao Xiaopei , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing , Li Jin
Published: January 2021

Objective

Medical overutilisation and underutilisation affect optimal healthcare. The Medical Maximizer-Minimizer Scale (MMS) was developed to assess individual medical maximising and minimising tendencies. Despite significant improvement in the healthcare system over the past four decades, no psychometric scales to examine treatment maximising and minimising preferences are available in China. This study aimed to translate the MMS into Chinese and examine its reliability and validity in a Chinese population.

Design

This cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2019 through an online survey panel.

Methods

The MMS was translated into a Chinese version (CN-MMS) using a forward–backward translation procedure. Next, a random online survey of the general population in China was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the CN-MMS. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined using Cronbach’s α coefficient and corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between medical maximising and minimising preferences and demographic variables in the Chinese population.

Results

This study included 984 participants aged 18–80 years. The CN-MMS retained 10 items, and the EFA supported a two-factor structure. The model fit for this two-factor structure of the CN-MMS was acceptable with χ2/df=3.7, comparative fit index=0.958, goodness-of-fit index=0.951, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.944 and root mean square error of approximation=0.074. The scale had a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.864, corrected item-total correlation of 0.451–0.667, and test–retest reliability of 0.815. Significant predictors of CN-MMS total score were nationality and household monthly income.

Conclusions

The CN-MMS showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Therefore, it can be used to investigate the individual medical maximising and minimising tendencies among the general Chinese population.
Compress the curve: a cross-sectional study of variations in COVID-19 infections across California nursing homes
Authors: Gopal Ram , Han Xu , Yaraghi Niam
Published: January 2021

Objective

Nursing homes’ residents and staff constitute the largest proportion of the fatalities associated with COVID-19 epidemic. Although there is a significant variation in COVID-19 outbreaks among the US nursing homes, we still do not know why such outbreaks are larger and more likely in some nursing homes than others. This research aims to understand why some nursing homes are more susceptible to larger COVID-19 outbreaks.

Design

Observational study of all nursing homes in the state of California until 1 May 2020.

Setting

The state of California.

Participants

713 long-term care facilities in the state of California that participate in public reporting of COVID-19 infections as of 1 May 2020 and their infections data could be matched with data on ratings and governance features of nursing homes provided by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

Main outcome measure

The number of reported COVID-19 infections among staff and residents.

Results

Study sample included 713 nursing homes. The size of outbreaks among residents in for-profit nursing homes is 12.7 times larger than their non-profit counterparts (log count=2.54; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.11; p<0.001). Higher ratings in CMS-reported health inspections are associated with lower number of infections among both staff (log count=−0.19; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.01; p=0.05) and residents (log count=−0.20; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.14; p<0.001). Nursing homes with higher discrepancy between their CMS-reported and self-reported ratings have higher number of infections among their staff (log count=0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.51; p<0.001) and residents (log count=0.13; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18; p<0.001).

Conclusions

The size of COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes is associated with their ratings and governance features. To prepare for the possible next waves of COVID-19 epidemic, policy makers should use these insights to identify the nursing homes who are more likely to experience large outbreaks.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak among Jimma University Medical Centere visitors in Southwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yitayih Yimenu , Lemu Yohannes Kebede , Mekonen Seblework , Mecha Mohammed , Ambelu Argaw
Published: January 2021

Background

COVID-19 has posed several medical, psychosocial and economic impacts among the majority of the society. The ambiguity of its transmission, the intense desire of self-protection, family, and friends, the unknown impact of catching the disease itself, unstoppable spread, the panic and outright misinformation lead to acute stress reaction syndrome. However, reliable data related to this contagion lack the prevalence of acute stress reaction syndrome and associated factors among Jimma University Medical Centre hospital visitors in Southwestern Ethiopia.

Aims

The main objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with acute stress reaction syndrome during the COVID-19 outbreak among Jimma University Medical Centre Hospital visitors, Ethiopia.

Methods

An interviewer-administered cross-sectional study was conducted among 247 visitors of the Jimma University Medical Centre in Ethiopia. The study was conducted within 2 weeks of the first COVID-19 cases detected on 13 March 2020 in Ethiopia. Data on demographic and socioeconomic status were collected during the interview using structured questionnaires. The psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and symptoms of insomnia were measured using the Insomnia Severity Index. Social support was evaluated using Oslo three-item Social Support Scale. Logistic regression was employed to determine the associations between dependent and independent variables. Besides, psychosocial stress score was generated using principal component analysis. A paired permutation test was also performed to determine the variability of psychosocial stress between groups.

Results

The mean age of participants was 30.47 years, and 76.5% of the participants were male. Acute stress reaction syndrome was detected in 44.1% of hospital visitors. Of the participants, 38.5%, 17.4%, 8.5% and 35.6% had a minimal, mild, moderate and severe psychological impact, respectively. Factors positively associated with acute stress reaction syndrome were individuals who perceived that COVID-19 leads to stigma (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 9.45), mild insomnia (AOR: 14.74, 95% CI 6.14 to 35.40), moderate to severe insomnia (AOR: 35.1, 95% CI 10.76 to 114.66), low social support (AOR: 4.08, 95% CI 1.31 to 12.67) and governmental employees (AOR: 8.09, 95% CI 1.38 to 47.18).

Conclusion

The study revealed the existence of a high prevalence of acute stress reaction syndrome during the COVID-19 outbreak among different groups of the community. Therefore, our results will contribute to the global awareness of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Prospective validation study of prognostic biomarkers to predict adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a study protocol
Authors: Tang Benjamin , Shojaei Maryam , Wang Ya , Nalos Marek , Mclean Anthony , Afrasiabi Ali , Kwan Tim N , Kuan Win Sen , Zerbib Yoann , Herwanto Velma , Gunawan Gunawan , Bedognetti Davide , Zoppoli Gabriele , Ballestrero Alberto , Rinchai Darawan , Cremonesi Paolo , Bedognetti Michele , Matejovic Martin , Karvunidis Thomas , Macdonald Stephen P J , Cox Amanda J , West Nicholas P , Cripps Allan William , Schughart Klaus , Maria Andrea de , Chaussabel Damien , Iredell Jonathan , Weng Stephen
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Accurate triage is an important first step to effectively manage the clinical treatment of severe cases in a pandemic outbreak. In the current COVID-19 global pandemic, there is a lack of reliable clinical tools to assist clinicians to perform accurate triage. Host response biomarkers have recently shown promise in risk stratification of disease progression; however, the role of these biomarkers in predicting disease progression in patients with COVID-19 is unknown. Here, we present a protocol outlining a prospective validation study to evaluate the biomarkers’ performance in predicting clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19.

Methods and analysis

This prospective validation study assesses patients infected with COVID-19, in whom blood samples are prospectively collected. Recruited patients include a range of infection severity from asymptomatic to critically ill patients, recruited from the community, outpatient clinics, emergency departments and hospitals. Study samples consist of peripheral blood samples collected into RNA-preserving (PAXgene/Tempus) tubes on patient presentation or immediately on study enrolment. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) will be performed on total RNA extracted from collected blood samples using primers specific to host response gene expression biomarkers that have been previously identified in studies of respiratory viral infections. The RT-PCR data will be analysed to assess the diagnostic performance of individual biomarkers in predicting COVID-19-related outcomes, such as viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or bacterial pneumonia. Biomarker performance will be evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Ethics and dissemination

This research protocol aims to study the host response gene expression biomarkers in severe respiratory viral infections with a pandemic potential (COVID-19). It has been approved by the local ethics committee with approval number 2020/ETH00886. The results of this project will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.