bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance to Carcinogenesis in the African Spiny Mouse (Acomys) correlates with upregulation of tumor suppressor genes
Authors: Vitorino Marta , Pinheiro Gonçalo G. , Araujo Ines M. , Ferreira Bibiana I. , Link Wolfgang , Tiscornia Gustavo
Published: October 2024

Cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, driving extensive research into the mechanisms that contribute to its development and progression. The search for animal models capable of shedding light on mechanisms of cancer resistance has led researchers to explore various rodent species. Among these, the African Spiny Mouse (Acomys sp.)has attracted considerable attention due to its regenerative abilities. In our study, we compared the response ofMus musculusandAcomys dimidiatusmice to treatment with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) combined with the inducer of proliferation 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). While bothAcomysandMusmice experienced carcinogenic damage to their skin cells, mounted proliferative responses and underwent immune cell infiltration, onlyMusmice developed tumors, whereasAcomysremained tumor-free. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance, we performed RNA sequencing on tissue samples from both species at baseline and at multiple time points during the carcinogenesis protocol. The data reveal distinctly different transcriptional responses between both species. In particular,Acomysshowed massive upregulation of immune related genes, including a set of tumor suppressor genes, whileMusseemed to focus its response on modifying epidermis structure and regulation of the cell cycle. These differences correlated with an increased apoptotic response inAcomysbut notMus. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence thatAcomysmice exhibit remarkable resistance to tumor development under DMBA/TPA carcinogen treatment mediated through the upregulation of a range of processes related to immune surveillance.
Investigation of a Pathogenic Inversion inUNC13Dand Comprehensive Analysis of Chromosomal Inversions Across Diverse Datasets
Authors: Bozkurt-Yozgatli Tugce , Lun Ming Yin , Bengtsson Jesse D. , Sezerman Ugur , Chinn Ivan K. , Coban-Akdemir Zeynep , Carvalho Claudia M.B.
Published: October 2024

Inversions are known contributors to the pathogenesis of genetic diseases. Identifying inversions poses significant challenges, making it one of the most demanding structural variants (SVs) to detect and interpret. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies and the development of publicly available SV datasets have substantially enhanced our capability to explore inversions. However, a cross-comparison in those datasets remains unexplored. In this study, we reported a proband with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type-3 carrying c.1389+1G>Ain transwith NC_000017.11:75576992_75829587inv disruptingUNC13D, an inversion present in 0.006345% of individuals in gnomAD(v4.0). Based on this result, we investigate the features of potentially pathogenic inversions in public datasets. 98.9% of inversions are rare in gnomAD, and they disrupt 5% of protein-coding genes associated with a phenotype in OMIM. We then conducted a comparative analysis of the datasets, including gnomAD, DGV, and 1KGP, and two recent studies from the Human Genome Structural Variation Consortium revealed common and dataset-specific inversion characteristics suggesting methodology detection biases. Next, we investigated the genetic features of inversions disrupting the protein-coding genes by classifying the intersections between them into three categories. We found that most of the protein-coding genes in OMIM disrupted by inversions are associated with autosomal recessive phenotypes regardless of categories supporting the hypothesis that inversions in trans with other variants are hidden causes of monogenic diseases. This effort aims to fill the gap in our understanding of the molecular characteristics of inversions with low frequency in the population and highlight the importance of identifying them in rare disease studies.
Mirror-centered representation of a focusing hyperbolic mirror for X-ray beamlines
Authors: Torras Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

Conic sections are commonly used in reflective X-ray optics. Hyperbolic mirrors can focus a converging light source and are frequently paired with elliptical or parabolic mirrors in Wolter type configurations. This paper derives the closed-form expression for a mirror-centered hyperbolic shape, with zero-slope at the origin. Combined with the slope and curvature, such an expression facilitates metrology, manufacturing and mirror-bending calculations. Previous works consider ellipses, parabolas, magnifying hyperbolas or employ lengthy approximations. Here, the exact shape function is given in terms of the mirror incidence angle and the source and image distances.
Ultrametric Fredholm operators and approximate pseudospectrum
Authors: Ettayb Jawad
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The paper deals with ultrametric bounded Fredholm operators and approximate pseudospectra of closed and densely defined (resp. bounded) linear operators on ultrametric Banach spaces.

Design/methodology/approach

The author used the notions of ultrametric bounded Fredholm operators and approximate pseudospectra of operators.

Findings

The author established some results on ultrametric bounded Fredholm operators and approximate pseudospectra of closed and densely defined (resp. bounded) linear operators on ultrametric Banach spaces.

Originality/value

The results of the present manuscript are original.
Implied volatility modeling and forecasting: evidence from China
Authors: Jiao Yuhan , Guo Shuxin , Liu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Testing several approaches for implied volatility modeling and forecasting.

Design/methodology/approach

Comparative empirical study with four traded options.

Findings

Non-parametric higher-order spline is better than parametric stochastic volatility inspired (SVI) in China.

Research limitations/implications

Our results imply that even though popular on Wall Street, SVI seems not to be utilized by traders and market-makers in China.

Practical implications

Traders may consider higher-order spline as a better method for implied volatility modeling and forecasting.

Originality/value

Propose to model and forecast implied volatility via the fifth-order spline interpolation as a first; initiates studies of the empirical performance of SVI and the fifth-order spline models in implied volatility modeling and forecasting.
The relation between digital transformation and internationalization – a systematic literature review
Authors: Nunes Moema Pereira , Malagri Claudia Natali Alba , Steinbruch Fernanda Kalil , Schreiber Dusan , Damacena Claudio
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To identify and analyze the relevant themes in the literature on digital transformation and internationalization, revealing opportunities for future studies.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was developed using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Initially, 156 publications were identified. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, a final sample of 74 articles was reached. A bibliometric and qualitative analysis were developed.

Findings

Eight main themes related to internationalization, such as internationalization strategy, internationalized companies, marketing-related issues, export, global supply chain, entrepreneurship and new ventures, SMEs internationalization and internationalization of educational institutions, were identified. Eight main themes related to digital transformation were also identified, including internationalization drivers, digital technologies, business model innovation, digitalization, Industry 4.0, digital platforms and e-commerce, people and digital transformation and digital institutional environment.

Originality/value

In recent years, the term digital transformation has become part of the daily lives of many organizations and of life in society itself. For internationalized companies, this discussion has also become present. Although a relationship between digital transformation and internationalization is often presented, the dimensions of analysis of this relationship are still very fragmented, and this study presents a systemic view of the themes. These themes represent opportunities for future studies.
Worldwide publications on deviance: a Web of Science evidence from 1965 to 2024
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Umair , Ali Nusrat , Hafeez Muhammad Rashid , Hussain Siraj , Imran Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Deviance includes behaviors that deviate from societal norms. Scholars belonging to various disciplines have extensively studied this phenomenon. This study aims to understand the length and breadth of the deviance landscape.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a systematic analysis of publications, authors, journals and countries involved in research, this investigation unveils the inherently interdisciplinary nature of the subject. It unveils the prominent journals and influential authors who have made significant contributions to the field, shedding light on the evolving trends and shifting emphases over time.

Findings

The findings underscore the ever-growing relevance and importance of deviance research in contemporary society. They emphasize the pressing need for ongoing exploration to grapple with the intricate challenges posed by deviant behaviors.

Originality/value

This comprehensive bibliometric analysis serves as an invaluable resource, catering to the needs of researchers and practitioners with a vested interest in comprehending and advancing the study of deviance in its myriad manifestations.
Citation classics on distance and online learning: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Sahoo Sidhartha , Pandey Shriram , Mishra Sanjaya
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify seminal research works on distance and online learning that have had significant impact on the domain.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the SCOPUS database for this study as the data source, and a well-defined search strategy retrieved the items for analysis. First, the authors identified the h-index (n = 207) of the discipline to determine the threshold for listing the top works. The authors critically analysed these classic publications using several bibliometric parameters to present the analysis. To understand the primary focus of the classic research works, the authors also carried out a keyword cluster analysis using VOSviewer.

Findings

While the USA produced maximum classic research, authors from Canada have maximum research visibility in terms of citations (n = 474.06). Canada also received the highest value of RCI (1.30), followed by Taiwan and Australia. The majority of the classics are published in 67 scientific journals. Of these, Computers and Education published the highest number with a quarter of the total citations (n = 19,403). Although e-learning was the nucleus of the research theme, the authors observed that students, learning systems, online learning, blended learning, learning management systems and computer-aided instructions dominated their influence in the research cluster.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first of its kind work in the field of distance and online learning. Findings of this study would be useful to faculty, researchers and students in the discipline to focus on the seminal works and understand their implications better in the context of the growing significance of the discipline.
Narratives of growth of formative technological innovation systems based on a knowledge perspective: the case of medical devices
Authors: Avila-Robinson Alfonso , Miyazaki Kumiko , Islam Nazrul , Sengoku Shintaro
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the narratives of growth during the initial stages of development of the medical device technological innovation system (TIS). This paper used micro/nanofluidic-based point-of-care testing (mnPOCT), a breakthrough technology in the health-care sector.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a framework that includes measures of knowledge breadth and sharing mechanisms based on cognitive and actor-based networks. The framework integrates bibliometric, network and statistics-based approaches with a focus on the first decade of mnPOCT development.

Findings

In addition to the typical patterns of technological emergence, the mnPOCT sector exhibits distinctive characteristics. This paper observed significant scientific content and a high geographic concentration. Although small- and medium-sized enterprises, particularly startups, detonate knowledge development, large companies play a subtle yet impactful role as innovation mediators. Interfirm alliances are sparse, reflecting the complementarities between startups and large firms throughout the innovation value chain. These alliances show a significant correlation with SME knowledge creation.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides researchers and practitioners with guidelines for assessing the dynamics of the growth of technologies in the earliest stages of growth through knowledge and implications for research strategy toward the development and deployment of effective system interventions.

Originality/value

The study of formative TISs presents challenges because of the nascent characteristics and uncertainties surrounding emerging technologies. Current discussions on the narratives of growth of emerging TISs are limited to broad descriptions, which hinder understanding of these formative stages. This study offers a unique approach to assessing the initial stages of technological evolution. Moreover, it contributes to the existing literature by providing guidelines for managing new technologies for R&D researchers and practitioners.
Banks’ financial performance analysis: an experience from an Islamic economy
Authors: Mashayekhi Bita , Ghasemi Dashtaki Samira , Ahmadi Hossein
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the performance efficiency of private commercial banks in Iran as an Islamic economy.

Design/methodology/approach

A meticulously chosen sample comprising 15 private banks from 2020 to 2023 has been examined. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, specifically the Constant Returns to Scale (CCR) with input orientation and the Variable Returns to Scale (BCC) with input orientation, to scrutinize performance efficiency relative to the banking sector’s average efficiency ratio.

Findings

The findings indicate that the performance of decision making units is superior in BCC models when determined with CCR models. The CCR-I analysis spanning 2020–2023 reveals that only two banks consistently demonstrated full efficiency performance, attaining a 100% efficiency score across all years. The observed fluctuations in banks’ efficiency performance are attributed to disparities between the growth or reduction in inputs and the corresponding augmentation or diminution in outputs.

Research limitations/implications

This paper has some limitations. First, selecting inputs and outputs for the DEA models is crucial, as this study’s results are sensitive to these choices. Second, this research focused exclusively on the efficiency of private banks and did not assess the efficiency of governmental banks.

Practical implications

The insights from this study can be valuable for bank managers in evaluating performance, regulators in maintaining financial stability and investors and market analysts in enhancing their investment strategies through bank performance analysis.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to propose a framework for evaluating and forecasting commercial bank performance in an Islamic background. This model for prediction performance would be helpful for future research on the banking sector. In addition to improving Islamic banking literature, this research contributes to the literature regarding the analysis methods usually used.
Free to have imbalance? Freelancers’ work–life balance and the moderating role of three key work facets
Authors: Flatøy Christer André
Published: October 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to enrich the HRM literature on freelancers’ work–life balance. To do so, we investigate the difference in freelance and employed journalists’ work–life balance and the moderating role of work-scheduling autonomy, job-income security and collegial informational support, drawing on a theory novel to the HRM literature, that is, the Stress of Higher Status Theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected with a survey questionnaire that was administered to a sample of 1,166 journalists, including 118 freelancers, in Norway in 2021. We analysed this data using a stepwise regression analysis.

Findings

We report three main findings: First, we find evidence indicating that freelance journalists have less work–life balance than employed journalists. Second, our results provide support for the Stress of Higher Status Theory and testify to the relevance this theory has for high-skill workers. Third, only collegial support significantly (positively) moderates freelancers’ work–life balance.

Originality/value

This study adds to the existing literature on freelancing and work–life balance, demonstrating that individuals’ work arrangements have the potential to shape their work facets and work–life balance. The theoretical and practical implications of this are discussed.
Review of the fluoropyrimidine antidote uridine triacetate
Authors: Thompson Jack T. , Wood David M. , Dargan Paul I.
Published: October 2024

In 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved uridine triacetate to treat overdose and severe toxicity of the fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy agents 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and its oral prodrug capecitabine. Uridine triacetate is as an oral prodrug of uridine that competes with cytotoxic fluoropyrimidine metabolites for incorporation into nucleotides. Two million people worldwide start fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy each year, with 20‐30% developing severe or life‐threatening adverse effects, often attributable to a genetic predisposition such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Whilst genetic prescreening is recommended prior to starting fluoropyrimidine agents, this only prevents 20‐30% of early‐onset life‐threatening toxicity and so does not obviate the need for an antidote. Initial in‐human studies established that uridine triacetate more than doubles the maximum tolerated weekly 5‐FU bolus dose. A lack of clinical equipoise meant a placebo‐controlled phase III trial was not ethical and so the phase III trials used historical controls. These found that uridine triacetate improved survival in those with fluoropyrimidine overdose and severe toxicity from 16% to 94%, with 34% able to resume chemotherapy within 30 days. Five case reports of delayed fluoropyrimidine toxicity demonstrate improvement following uridine triacetate treatment 120‐504 h after last fluoropyrimidine administration, suggesting efficacy beyond the FDA licencing indications. Mechanistically uridine triacetate would be expected to be effective for overdose and severe toxicity of tegafur (a 5‐FU prodrug), but there are no published case reports describing this. Uridine triacetate is available internationally through an expanded access scheme and has been available in the UK since 2019 on a named patient basis.
Effects of age, sex, daily dose, comorbidity and co‐medication on venlafaxine‐associated cardiovascular adverse events: A pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Wang Zhanzhang , Lu Haoyang , Li Yuandan , Huang Shanqing , Zhang Ming , Wen Yuguan , Shang Dewei
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) associated with venlafaxine (VEN) therapy.

Methods

Cardiovascular AE reports for patients receiving VEN therapy were retrieved from January 2004 to December 2023 from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Effects of age, sex and daily VEN dose on the occurrence of different types of cardiovascular AEs and the influence of demographics, VEN dose, comorbidity and co‐medication on death in patients with cardiovascular AEs were analysed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

The study included 16 110 AE reports following VEN treatment (median age: 51 years, females: 69.78%, median VEN daily dose: 100 mg/day). VEN daily dose was associated with increased risks of cardiac arrhythmias, embolic and thrombotic events, torsade de pointes/QT prolongation, ischaemic heart disease, cardiac failure, cardiomyopathy and overall cardiovascular events. The elderly (≥ 75 years), male sex, comorbidity (infections and infestations, cardiac disorders, nervous system disorders) and co‐medication (quetiapine and clozapine) were related to death following VEN‐associated cardiovascular AEs; however, the risk of cardiovascular death did not increase with regular VEN doses.

Conclusions

Our study confirmed the association of cardiovascular AEs with VEN therapy and revealed the influencing factors for the risk of VEN‐related cardiovascular AEs and death due to these events. Based on the obtained evidence, the cardiovascular health of late‐elderly patients with complex comorbidity and polytherapy should be closely monitored when they receive VEN therapy. As an exploratory study, prospective studies are needed to validate our findings in the future.
Trauma and social pathways to psychosis: Examining the role of attachment, social rank and dissociation in a clinical sample
Authors: Grady Shelley , Crowley Niall , Scott Seamus , Ndukwe Charles Ifegwu , Donohoe Rebecca , Gaynor Keith
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The trauma and social pathways model of psychosis proposes interactions between trauma, attachment, social rank and dissociation in pathways to psychosis, though this model has yet to be empirically investigated. The primary aim of this study was to examine the overall predictive value of the trauma and social pathways model using regression analysis. A secondary aim was to delineate hypothesized pathways between trauma and positive symptoms of psychosis using serial mediation analysis.

Method

This was a cross‐sectional study of people attending mental health services for a psychosis‐related diagnosis (N = 71). Measures of trauma, positive symptoms of psychosis, attachment, social comparison and dissociation were completed.

Results

A model of recurrent trauma, insecure attachment, social rank and dissociation predicted 23.2% of the variance in positive symptoms of psychosis. Recurrent trauma, attachment and dissociation contributed significantly to the model, while social rank did not. Further, serial mediation analysis indicated that the sequence of disorganized attachment and dissociation fully mediated the relationship between recurrent trauma and positive symptoms.

Conclusions

Results provide preliminary support for the trauma and social pathways model of psychosis, specifically as it relates to recurrent trauma, insecure attachment and dissociation. Results did not support the social rank component of this model, however. These findings provide clear targets for the development of next‐wave psychological interventions that focus on trauma‐related variables in psychosis. Future studies should replicate these findings with a larger clinical sample, and consider a measure of shame to further elucidate social processes in pathways to psychosis.
The Association Between Latino Cultural Concepts and Fatherhood Identity on Stigma for Fathers With a Child With a Disability
Authors: Mogro‐Wilson Cristina , Longo Emily , Loomis Alysse , Rose Devon Musson
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on Latino fathers and investigates the role that cultural concepts and fatherhood identity play in the stigma associated with having a child with a disability. Disability stigma is a widely held concept that acknowledges the role of culture; however, there is a lack of information on Latino fathers. Using a panel survey provider a US cross‐sectional survey was completed by 92 Latino fathers who had a child with a disability. Multiple regression was used to investigate the relationship of cultural Latino constructs (personalismo, machismo, caballerismo and respeto) and fatherhood identity on the stigma experiences of Latino fathers who have a child with a disability while controlling for the child's age and acculturation (R2 = 0.43, p < 0.001). Latino fathers with higher levels of personalismo (p = 0.05), and fatherhood identity (p < 0.001) had lower levels of stigma. Latino fathers with high levels of machismo had high levels of stigma (p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between caballerismo and respeto towards stigma. Specific recommendations for Latino fathers include (1) the development of personalismo by focusing on the child–parent relationship; (2) a re‐frame of machismo to focus instead on caballerismo characteristics to de‐emphasize harmful effects on stigma experiences; and (3) heightening the identity as a father as a protective mechanism to strengthen resilience from stigma.
Role of Hippocampal Glutamatergic Synaptic Alterations in Sevoflurane‐Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Mice
Authors: Niu Yixuan , Liao Guoying , Miao Zhengjie , Xu Jinnan , Cheng Yanyong , Wang Fan , Qi Chuanyu , Chen Tiannan , Gao Yi , Zhang Lei , Jiang Hong , Yan Jia
Published: October 2024

Aims

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), are common following anesthesia and surgery in older patients and significantly increase morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of PND is unclear. Our study aims to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in excitatory neurons and investigate the role of hippocampal glutamatergic synaptic alterations in sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.

Methods

We performed single‐nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA‐seq) technology to examine the alterations of excitatory neurons in hippocampus induced by sevoflurane in aged mice. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DEGs were performed in excitatory neurons. At last, immunofluorescence staining was used to validate sevoflurane‐induced alternation of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of aged mice.

Results

This study demonstrates that DEGs in excitatory neurons are associated with reduction of glutamatergic synapses and cognitive dysfunction. After immunofluorescence staining validation, we also confirmed that sevoflurane anesthesia decreased the density of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of aged mice.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrated a key role of hippocampal glutamatergic synaptic alterations in sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice.
Knockdown of tyrosine hydroxylase gene affects larval survival, pupation and adult eclosion in Plagiodera versicolora
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Wang Xin , Zhang Qi , Ze Longji , Zhang Hainan , Lu Min
Published: October 2024

In insects, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) plays essential roles in cuticle tanning and cuticle pigmentation. Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf‐eating forest pest in salicaceous trees worldwide. However, the function of PverTH in P. versicolora is still unknown. In this study, we obtained a PverTH gene from transcriptome analysis. The expression analysis of PverTH showed that the highest expression was found in epidermis of larvae. In this study, we used RNA interference (RNAi) technology to knockdown the PverTH gene. The results showed that ingestion of dsTH led to cuticle coloration became lighter in larvae, pupae and adults. Knockdown of PverTH gene inhibited larval growth, and consequently caused higher mortality. In addition, RNAi of TH disrupted the cuticle tanning, caused lower pupation rate, lower eclosion rate and higher deformity rate. This study indicates that PverTH is vital for the cuticular pigments and cuticle tanning. Moreover, this research suggested that the development of PverTH gene as a potential target gene to control P. versicolora.
An Exploratory Study on the Suicidal Behaviours of People With Intellectual Disability or Autism: Examining Their Understanding of Suicide and Death, and the Perceptions of Their Direct Support Staff
Authors: Persechino Sarrah Thomas , Morin Diane , Bardon Cécile
Published: October 2024

Background

Individuals with intellectual disability or autism exhibit suicidal behaviours at an equal or greater rate than the general population, yet little is known about associated risk factors. This study explores suicidality in these populations, focusing on their understanding of suicide and death and perceptions of their direct support staff regarding their suicidality.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews from 23 suicidal and non‐suicidal participants and their support staff were analysed qualitatively to extract common themes and compare between groups.

Results

A breadth of suicidal behaviours was documented. Generally, suicidal participants demonstrated a more elaborate understanding of suicide and death than non‐suicidal participants. While staff often acknowledged never having discussed the topic with their client, most assumed they understood death accurately.

Conclusion

Results suggest interactions between conceptions of death and suicidal behaviour and a need for discussion around death and suicide in clinical settings. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Amibufenamide and Tenofovir Alafenamide for First‐Time HBV‐Related Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Rong Xinxin , Yang Guangde , Xu Yuanyuan , Chen He , Wang Xia , Fu Juanjuan , Li Li , Pan Xiucheng
Published: October 2024

Clinical studies of tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) treatment in patients with HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis (HBV‐DC) are limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of TMF versus TAF in naive‐treated patients with first‐time HBV‐DC. Based on the antiviral drug used, patients were categorised into the TMF group and the TAF group. Virological and serological responses, hepatic and renal functions and blood lipid changes in both groups were evaluated during 48 weeks of treatment. A total of 98 patients were enrolled, 45 in the TMF group and 53 in the TAF group. At 48 weeks of treatment, the proportions of patients who achieved complete virological response (CVR) were 85.7% and 90.7%, respectively (p = 0.791). Improvement of at least 2 points in Child–Turcotte–Pugh scores was observed in 64.3% versus 79.1% (p = 0.169) of the patients. There were no significant changes in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate or total cholesterol from baseline to week 48 between the two groups. Cystatin C remained stable in the TMF group but increased over time in the TAF group (p < 0.001). Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol remained stable in the TMF group but increased significantly in the TAF group at week 48 (p = 0.015). These results suggest that both TMF and TAF can rapidly suppress HBV replication, improve hepatic function and have no negative effects on renal function among patients with HBV‐DC. Regarding lipid metabolism, both showed a better safety, while regular monitoring of blood lipid levels is recommended.
Exploring the Relationship Between NOD2 Risk Variants and First Decompensation Events in Cirrhotic Patients With Varices
Authors: Karbannek Henrik , Reichert Matthias C. , Greinert Robin , Zipprich Alexander , Lammert Frank , Ripoll Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

NOD2 mutations are associated with impaired gut mucosal barrier function. According to the systemic inflammation hypothesis, bacterial translocation is central in the development of decompensation. The aim was to evaluate whether the presence of NOD2 variants is associated with the development of first decompensation.

Method

Secondary analysis of prospectively collected consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis, who were screened between 2014 and 2018. Patients with and without NOD2 variants were compared and stratified analysis according to the presence of varices was performed.

Results

360 patients [239 (66%) men, median age 61 (53–69) years, 70 (19%) with NOD2 variants, 90 (25%) with varices] were followed for a median of 9 (4–16) months. Similar baseline characteristics were observed across NOD2 status groups, except for beta‐blocker use (45% vs. 32% amongst variant carriers vs. non‐carriers, p = 0.05). During follow‐up, 34 patients (12%) developed their first decompensation, with no differences according to NOD2 status [HR 1.75 (95% CI 0.84–3.67)]. On multivariate analysis, only MELD remained an independent predictor of decompensation. Amongst patients with varices (n = 90), 18 (24.4%) carried a NOD2 variants, with a higher incidence of first decompensation [HR 3.00 (95% CI 1.08–8.32)], primarily due to ascites [HR 3.32 (95% CI 1.07–10.32)]. In this subgroup, MELD [HR 1.18 (95% CI 1.06–1.32)] and NOD2 variants [HR 2.91 (95% CI 0.95–8.89)] were determined to be independent predictors of decompensation.

Conclusions

The presence of NOD2 risk variants leads to a greater incidence of first decompensation only in compensated patients with varices.
Damage to Mitochondria During the Cryopreservation, Causing ROS Leakage, Leading to Oxidative Stress and Decreased Quality of Ram Sperm
Authors: Zhang Liuming , Sun Yuxuan , Jiang Caiyu , Sohail Tariq , Sun Xiaomei , Wang Jian , Li Yongjun
Published: October 2024

Semen cryopreservation can achieve long‐term preservation of sperm. Ice crystal damage, as well as oxidative stress, result in mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduction in sperm motility after thawing. However, limited information exists regarding the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria on the cryopreservation of ram sperm. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ROS and mitochondria concerning sperm quality during the cryopreservation of ram sperm. This investigation assessed sperm motility, kinematic characteristics, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, expression of mitochondrial respiratory genes (NDUFV2, SDHA, CYC1, and COXIV), ROS levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, phosphatidylserine externalisation rate, sperm ultrastructure, mtDNA copy number, expression of apoptosis‐related genes (Bax, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐8), Cytochrome C, and Caspase‐3 content. The results showed the cryopreservation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased motility, kinetic parameters, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, MMP, ATP, mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial respiratory‐related genes, and significantly (p < 0.05) increased ROS levels, MDA content, phosphatidylserine externalisation rate, damage of sperm ultrastructure, mtDNA copy number, mRNA expression levels of apoptosis‐related genes, Cytochrome C and Caspase‐3 content compared to the fresh semen group. In conclusion, the cryopreservation causes damage to mitochondria, leading to increased ROS and subsequent oxidative stress. This process also initiates mitochondrial dysfunction and interferes with the electron transport chain, ultimately resulting in decreased MMP and ATP production. Furthermore, the liberation of Cytochrome C prompted the increase in Caspase‐3 expression and subsequent sperm apoptosis occurred, ultimately leading to a deterioration in sperm quality after thawing.
Identification of the Novel HLA‐A*02:407 Allele by Sanger Dideoxy Nucleotide Sequencing
Authors: Li Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Xu , Lin Feng‐Qiu , Wei Min‐Jie , Li Jian‐Ping
Published: October 2024

HLA‐A*02:407 differs from HLA‐A*02:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 109 in exon 3.
The Novel HLA‐DRB1*03:218N Allele, Identified by Next‐Generation Sequencing in a Greek Individual
Authors: Athanassiades Theofilos , Kouniaki Diamanto , Kitsiou Vasiliki , Tsirogianni Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The HLA‐DRB1*03:218N allele differs from HLA‐DRB1*03:174N by a single nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
A Novel HLA‐B*15 Variant Allele, HLA‐B*15:359, Identified by Sequencing‐Based Typing in a Chinese Individual
Authors: Li Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Xu , Lin Feng‐Qiu , Li Jian‐Ping
Published: October 2024

HLA‐B*15:359 differs from HLA‐B*15:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 3.
Acetylcholine Hydrolysis and Antidote Delivery Using a Histidine-Resorcinarene-based Nanocontainer
Authors: Mansurova E. E. , Maslennikov A. A. , Lyubina A. P. , Sapunova A. , Voloshina A. D. , Nizameev I. R. , Kadirov M. K. , Fazleeva R. R. , Yanilkin V. V. , Ziganshina A. Y. , Antipin I. S.
Published: October 2024

A new nanocarrier was developed for the delivery of an antidote for poisoning with organophosphorus compounds. The nanocarrier acts as an artificial esterase, hydrolyzing acetylcholine and releasing the antidote (atropine) when acetylcholine level is high. The nanocarrier was made using histidine-containing resorcinarene as a building block. Histidine-resorcinarene was preorganized in a microemulsion media and then polymerized with phenylboronic acid, which acts as a linker between the resorcinarene molecules. Antidote (atropine) was incorporated into the nanocarrier with an encapsulation efficiency of 52.2%. At a neutral pH of 7.4, the nanocarrier hydrolyzes acetylcholine to choline and acetic acid. The acid triggers dissociation of the boronate bonds to dissociate, resulting in nanocarrier degradation and the release of 64.4% of the antidote. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic and static light scattering (DLS and SLS, respectively), and IR spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the structure of the nanocarriers. Cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy were employed to evaluate its ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine. Through fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that the nanocarrier could release substrates (fluorescein and atropine) in in response to the presence of acetylcholine.
A Study on Guesthouse Interior Space Planning Method Based on BIM Topological Relationships
Authors: Kun Yao
Published: October 2024

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has revolutionized the architectural and construction industries by providing detailed digital representations of buildings, enhancing design efficiency and project management. Despite its widespread application, the utilization of BIM in optimizing interior space planning, particularly in boutique accommodations like guesthouses, remains underexplored. This research addresses the gap by introducing a novel method for interior environment space planning of guesthouses based on the topological relationships derived from BIM data. This study developed a new algorithm that utilizes detailed topology information from BIM in order to make space planning decisions more efficiently, thereby improving space utilization efficiency and guest experience. Through a comprehensive analysis of BIM topological relationships and the application of advanced optimization techniques, our method aims to optimize the use of space while considering the unique constraints and requirements of guesthouse environments. The proposed algorithm demonstrates significant improvements in spatial efficiency and design quality when tested against traditional planning methods on real-world BIM datasets. This research not only contributes a novel approach to the field of architectural design and planning but also offers practical implications for the enhancement of interior spaces in guesthouses, potentially influencing future applications of BIM technology in the hospitality industry.
The damping and diffusion of atoms moving in a thermal electromagnetic background
Authors: Ge Li
Published: October 2024

The interaction between an atom and the quantized electromagnetic field depends on the position of the atom, leading to a force which is the negative gradient of this interaction. At zero temperature, the mean of this force vanishes, but it has a nonzero value for a thermal electromagnetic background. By applying the Heisenberg equations of motion and the Born–Markov approximation, we obtain the mean and correlation of the force, which show that the center-of-mass motion of the atom is damped and diffused. This approach can be easily extended to multi-level atoms, and it is shown that the damping force and diffusion coefficients are invariant under Galilean transformations. In principle, this effect can be utilized to determine the velocity of the laboratory relative to the thermal background.
Effect of laser ablation on the conductivity and laser-induced damage threshold of fused silica components
Authors: Lou Wenhua , Liu Gang , Jia Baonan , Gao Jingming , Guan Xiaoning , Chen Jun , Ma Xiaoguang , Lu Pengfei
Published: October 2024

When irradiated by high-power lasers, fused silica optical component can be ablated, which seriously affects their laser-conducing capability and service life. Numerical simulations have been applied to investigate the ablation process, laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT), and propagation loss of fused silica optical component. The depth of the ablation crater increases linearly with the duration of irradiation, while the rate of development in the width of the ablation crater gradually decreases. The LIDT of the front surface of the fused silica optical component will significantly decrease, while the propagation loss of the fused silica component will have a considerable increase when the front surface of fused silica is damaged under laser irradiation. The propagation loss and the LIDT of the fused silica’s front surface are 26.49, 21.19, 20.60, 16.83, and 16.41[Formula: see text]GW/cm2 and 0.41, 1.02, 2.24, 3.46, and 5.31[Formula: see text]dB, respectively, after 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s of ablation. This work provides novel opportunities for investigating the intrinsic mechanism of laser-induced damage to fused silica, and offers guidance for the future development of fused silica optical elements that are highly resistant to laser-induced damage.
OSC-GOR: Optimal Security-Aware Cluster-Based Hybrid Geographical and Opportunistic Routing for Vehicular ad hoc Networks
Authors: Punitha A. , Raghupathi S.
Published: October 2024

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are crucial for infrastructure-less vehicular communication. The dynamic and complex nature of VANETs necessitates efficient routing strategies. This paper introduces an optimal security-aware cluster-based hybrid geographical and opportunistic routing (OSC-GOR) for VANETs. By utilizing the improved bald eagle optimization (IBEO) algorithm, we achieve optimal clustering that enhances energy efficiency. Cluster heads (CHs) are elected based on trust, calculated from metrics like energy consumption and signal strength. A Poplar optimization algorithm (POA) further refines these metrics. Subsequently, an optimal min–max recurrent neural network (OMM-RNN) determines the next forwarder nodes, facilitating data transfer in VANETs. Implemented using the NS-2 tool and SUMO traffic generator, OSC-GOR showcases optimized clustering and superior network efficiency. Comparative simulations reveal OSC-GOR’s advantages in energy use, latency, delivery ratio, goodput, and routing overhead, outperforming existing methods. Notably, OSC-GOR effectively counters VANET attacks such as GPS spoofing and Sybil threats.
Histone Deacetylases in Metabolism: The Known and the Unexplored
Authors: Ibrahim Somaya Y. , Carter Jayden , Bagchi Rushita A
Published: October 2024

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from key lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins and thereby regulate gene transcription. They have been implicated in several biological processes in both healthy and pathologic settings. This review discusses the role of HDACs in multiple metabolically active tissues and highlights their contribution to the pathogenesis of tissue-specific maladaptation and diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge gaps and potential ways to address them in future studies.
A Study on the Glucose Breath Test Positivity Rate and Occurrence of Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth‐Related Symptoms Caused by Long‐Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Versus Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blocker (P‐CAB) in Elderly Patients
Authors: Lim Na Rae , Lim Saenal , Chung Woo Chul
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Long‐term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) leads to hypochlorhydria and facilitates the growth of bacterial flora in the small intestine. Novel acid‐suppressants called potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs) seem to be superior to PPIs. However, data on the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients taking P‐CABs are limited.

Method: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive series of patients with long‐term acid‐suppressant (PPIs or P‐CABs) use for gastroesophageal reflux disease or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced gastropathy. All of them underwent endoscopic examinations and Helicobacter pylori testing and took PPIs or P‐CABs for at least 3 months. Glucose hydrogen breath tests (GBT) were performed to check for SIBO, and newly developed SIBO‐related symptoms including bloating, postprandial discomfort, diarrheas, and constipation, were evaluated.

Results: A total of 142 patients were enrolled. Six patients were excluded due to equivocal Helicobacter pylori infection results. The frequency of positive GBTs was 31.7% (25/79) for PPI and 22.8% (13/57) for P‐CAB use (p = 0.15). Regarding GBT positivity, age‐related factor was found to be significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.02). The results of multivariate analysis in cases of SIBO‐related symptoms showed that GBT positivity and PPI use were significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Long‐term use of gastric acid suppressants resulted in positive GBT in approximately 30% of patients, and the risk was particularly high in elderly patients. The occurrence of SIBO‐related symptoms was significant in long‐term use of PPIs and in patients with positive GBT.