bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement: Postoperative pain management and opioid use after sinonasal surgery
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Levine Corinna G. , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Higgins Thomas S. , Manes R. Peter , Myhill Jeffrey A. , Soler Zachary M.
Published: July 2021

The goal of this American Rhinologic Society expert practice statement (EPS) is to provide clinically applicable, evidence‐based recommendations regarding pain management in sinonasal surgery. This EPS was developed following the recommended methodology and approval process as previously outlined. The topics of interest included preoperative counseling, local anesthesia, use of opioids for postoperative pain, use of nonopioid medication for postoperative pain, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and bleeding, and use of gabapentin for pain control. Following a modified Delphi approach, 6 statements were developed, 5 of which reached consensus and 1 that did not. These statements and accompanying evidence are summarized along with an assessment of future needs.
Fuel‐Driven and Enzyme‐Regulated Redox‐Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Jain Mehak , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: July 2021

Chemical reaction networks (CRN) embedded in hydrogels can transform responsive materials into complex self‐regulating materials that generate feedback to counter the effect of external stimuli. This study presents hydrogels containing the β‐cyclodextrin (CD) and ferrocene (Fc) host–guest pair as supramolecular crosslinks where redox‐responsive behavior is driven by the enzyme–fuel couples horse radish peroxidase (HRP)–H2O2 and glucose oxidase (GOx)–d‐glucose. The hydrogel can be tuned from a responsive to a self‐regulating supramolecular system by varying the concentration of added reduction fuel d‐glucose. The onset of self‐regulating behavior is due to formation of oxidation fuel in the hydrogel by a cofactor intermediate GOx[FADH2]. UV/Vis spectroscopy, rheology, and kinetic modeling were employed to understand the emergence of out‐of‐equilibrium behavior and reveal the programmable negative feedback response of the hydrogel, including the adaptation of its elastic modulus and its potential as a glucose sensor.
Sustainable design and novel synthesis of highly recyclable magnetic carbon containing aromatic sulfonic acid: Fe3O4@C/Ph—SO3H as green solid acid promoted regioselective synthesis of tetrazoloquinazolines
Authors: Hassankhani Asadollah , Gholipour Behnam , Rostamnia Sadegh , Zarenezhad Elham , Nouruzi Nasrin , Kavetskyy Taras , Khalilov Rovshan , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza
Published: July 2021

A green and stable magnetic Fe3O4 core encapsulated in porous carbon shell was prepared. Then, the surface of as‐synthesized Fe3O4@meso‐C immobilized with activated 4‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid to achieve Fe3O4@C/Ph—SO3H. Structural, physico‐chemical, and magnetic properties of synthesized Fe3O4@C/Ph—SO3H catalyst using various analyses such as FT‐IR spectroscopy, TGA, XRD, SEM, TEM. EDX, and VSM were investigated. Fe3O4@C/Ph—SO3H was used as a stable and recoverable acid catalyst for regioselective three‐component synthesis of tetrazoloquinazolines under mild conditions. This catalyst offers a green protocol of one pot due to having active SO3H groups, reacting in mild conditions with high yield and ability to recover and reuse without significant loss in activity.
In‐depth material characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate from a forest biorefinery
Authors: Dietrich Karolin , Dumont Marie‐Josée , Orsat Valérie , Del Rio Luis F.
Published: July 2021

Large‐scale replacement of petroplastics with compostable plastics, like polyhydroxybutyrates (PHB) will contribute to elimination plastic pollution, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and valorize local biomass resources. Lignocellulose hydrolysates have emerged as potentially sustainable carbon sources for PHB production. For industrial processing, it is necessary to know the polymer properties. Yet, most studies on PHB samples from lignocellulose report few material properties. PHB samples produced from a pilot scale hardwood holocellulose hydrolysate conversion process were characterized and compared with PHB from a sugar hydrolysate and a commercial PHB powder. PHB from hardwood holocellulose hydrolysate was found to be comparable with commercial PHB in all properties. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis showed that all samples had similar thermal behavior, where the melting temperature was 176°C and the decomposition temperature was 293°C. From the melting enthalpy, all samples showed 63% crystallinity. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a glass transition temperature at 5°C and a crystallization temperature of 57°C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the samples were homopolymers comprised of hydroxybutyrate units. The difference among the samples was the number average molecular mass, being lower for wood hydrolysate (246.4 kDa) than sugar hydrolysate (670.3 kDa).
Efficient cage structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane embedded poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes: Thermal degradation and mechanical stability in hydrated condition
Authors: Swapna Valiya Parambath , Krishnan Meera , Abhisha Vakkoottil Sivadasan , Stephen Ranimol
Published: July 2021

In this work, the thermal degradation of functionalized cage structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend membranes were discussed. PVA‐PEO/POSS and cross‐linked PVA/POSS systems exhibited excellent improvement in thermal stability at lower loading of POSS as compared to pure PVA and uncross‐linked PVA/POSS system. Uncross‐linked PVA and PVA/POSS systems exhibited mainly two degradation steps. However, cross‐linked PVA/POSS systems showed more degradation steps due to the formation of 3‐dimentional network structure in the polymer. The mechanical stability of PVA/POSS and PVA‐PEO/POSS systems at hydrated state were analyzed and observed a remarkable stability even in the wet condition.
Ersatzmodell zur Untersuchung der Einflüsse der Installation von Stahlträgern auf die Lagegenauigkeit
Authors: Beuße Jannik , Grabe Jürgen
Published: July 2021

Während des Kaimauerbaus ist die plangenaue Installation der Träger herausfordernd und zugleich unabdingbar, um die Zwischenbohlen kombinierter Stahlspundwände einbringen zu können. Die Doppel‐T‐Träger haben profilbedingt, im Vergleich zu einem Rundrohrstahl, eine geringe Biegesteifigkeit um die schwache Achse und eine geringere Torsionssteifigkeit. Damit sind die Träger bei unsachgemäßer Einbringung stark verformungsgefährdet. Bisher wird das komplexe dynamische Zusammenspiel aus dem Einbringgerät, den gewählten Geräteparametern, dem Träger und dem Boden nicht hinreichend betrachtet, um genaue Prognosen zur erforderlichen Rammführung treffen zu können. Dazu wird ein mithilfe von Messdaten validiertes Ersatzmodell aufgebaut, welches die Einbringung eines Trägers abbilden kann. Hiermit gelingt die gezielte Untersuchung einzelner Einflussfaktoren, wie der Neigung des Schlaghammers, der Neigung des Trägers, der Trägerimperfektion sowie unterschiedlicher Rammführungen.
Co‐utilization of amino acid‐rich wastes and glycerol for microbial lipid production
Authors: Kamal Rasool , Huang Qitian , Wang Qian , Yu Xue , Song Jingyi , Limtong Savitree , Zhao Zongbao K.
Published: July 2021

Microbial lipids are considered to be potential raw materials for biodiesel production. However, the costs of such a process remain high due to the use of expensive feedstocks for microbial lipid production. The meat industry and biodiesel refineries generate amino acid (AA) wastes and crude glycerol, respectively, which could be explored as relatively cheap feedstocks for oleaginous yeasts. Unfortunately, AA wastes have a high nitrogen content and crude glycerol contains several impurities, discouraging microbial lipid production. Here, glycerol was co‐used with AA, or with AA blends with compositional profiles matching those of different meats, so that the media had favorable carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C/N) ratios to promote AA conversion into lipids using the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 under two‐stage culture conditions. Co‐utilization of glycerol and AA resulted in improved lipid production. The highest lipid yield of 20.9 g 100 g–1 was achieved with lysine and glycerol, where the lipid yield was 13.9 g 100 g–1, using an AA blend of similar composition to sheep viscera and glycerol. The lipid products comprised over 93% of 16 and 18 carbon‐containing fatty acids, showing high potential for biodiesel production. The co‐use of glycerol with AA improved AA conversion into lipids while decreasing the inhibitory effects at relatively high AA concentrations. The utilization of crude glycerol and AA‐rich wastes from the meat industry could help both the development of biorefineries and waste minimization. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Comparative analysis of bioactive constituents and pharmacological activities from different parts of Nauclea officinalis
Authors: Zhou Mingyan , Xie Zhenrui , Guan Weiwei , Zhang Junqing
Published: July 2021

The stems of Nauclea officinalis have been utilized as a crude drug in China, so other parts of the plant are abandoned, resulting in a waste of traditional Chinese medicine resources. To determine the distribution and content of the alkaloids, phenolic acids and iridoid in different organs (stem, branch, leaf and bark) of this plant, a reliable method has been established using LC–MS/MS. Nine constituents, namely strictosamide, vincosamide, chlorogenic acid, sweroside, naucleamide B, protocatechuic acid, pumiloside, vanillic acid and cryptochlorogenic acid, were simultaneously determined in 6 min. Meanwhile, the antipyretic, anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities were evaluated for comparative analysis of the pharmacological activity of different parts of N. officinalis. The results showed that the content of active components in other organs of N. officinalis was higher than that in stems, and the pharmacological effects of branches and leaves were also better. The established approach could be helpful for the quality control of N. officinalis, and also provide necessary information for the rational utilization of resources.
The Multiple Pedicle Coronally Advanced Flap for Multiple Deep Miller Class II Recessions: A Case Report
Authors: Tunkel Jochen , Hofmann Frederik , de Stavola Luca
Published: July 2021

Introduction

In recent years, several methods have been described for the treatment of deep Miller Class II recessions. Most of these techniques concentrate on single recessions or one deep recession accompanied by just slight neighboring root denudations. A modified technique is presented for treating two or more deep recessions beyond the mucogingival margin combining a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), enamel matrix derivative, and a multiple pedicle coronally advanced flap. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the treatment of multiple deep Miller Class II recessions exceeding beyond the mucogingival junction using a pedicled advanced flap.

Case Presentation

A 29‐year‐old woman was referred to the periodontal practice of JT for the treatment of progressive deep Miller Class II recessions. The root coverage procedure was performed by a modified multiple pedicle flap combined with a connective tissue graft harvested from the palate and enamel matrix derivative. The case was followed up for 2 years.

Conclusions

This modified technique of a multiple pedicled flap is a feasible and useful method for treating several deep neighboring recessions. Due to the improved incision techniques, scar tissue formation might be reduced not to interfere with the esthetic result.
Impact of wheat gluten on the denaturation of egg white and whey proteins
Authors: Van de Vondel Julie , Lambrecht Marlies A. , Delcour Jan A.
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives

Wheat gluten (WG) often co‐exists with egg white (EW) and whey proteins in foods. This study investigated the impact of WG on the denaturation of hen egg (S‐)ovalbumin [(S‐)OVA], lysozyme (LYS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Findings

WG caused the peak temperature of denaturation of LYS and BSA to increase and that of (S‐)OVA to decrease. It accelerated and decelerated denaturation of BSA and OVA, respectively, and their lowered activation energy. In contrast, the denaturation rate of S‐OVA was higher and the activation energy was not affected by the presence of WG. LYS denaturation was reversible, both in the presence and in the absence of WG. Heating induced changes in the surface hydrophobicity of OVA and BSA and changes in the ζ‐potential of LYS, while the levels of their free sulfhydryl groups did not change.

Conclusions

In model systems, WG impacts both temperatures and kinetics of denaturation of the studied proteins. Hydrophobic interactions between WG and OVA or BSA impact their denaturation kinetics.

Significance and novelty

This study is the first to demonstrate the impact of WG on the denaturation of EW and whey proteins. These insights will be useful in food product design and further elucidating co‐protein effects.
Synergistic Coupling of NiTe Nanoarrays with FeOOH Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Yadong , Chen Baojin , Zhang Huaming , Gao Jing , Sun Huachuan , Habibi‐Yangjeh Aziz , Wang Chundong
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen is the most promising alternative energy source in the face of energy crisis, and water splitting is a green strategy for hydrogen generation. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the essential half‐reaction in electrochemical water splitting, and thus development and exploration of electrocatalysts with excellent performance are vital to prompt the application of OER. Due to the unique electronic properties of NiTe and strong synergistic interaction between NiTe and FeOOH, NiTe@FeOOH hybrid nanorods were successfully fabricated on Ni foams (NF) by a hydrothermal reaction step and another in‐situ growth step for the first time without consuming any extra energy. The 3D structure of the NiTe@FeOOH/NF was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping technologies. Electrochemical measurements showed that the as‐prepared NiTe@FeOOH/NF needs only an overpotential of 241 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and requires 1.341 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH with a 0.33 M urea, showing excellent long‐term stability. The NiTe@FeOOH/NF as the bifunctional electrocatalyst in an electrolyzer shows high efficiency with a cell voltage of 1.50 V at 10 mA cm−2. This work can provide a new efficient method to construct highly active and cost‐effective OER catalysts.
Quantitative Distinction between Noble Metals Located in Mesopores from Those on the External Surface
Authors: Rieg Carolin , Dittmann Daniel , Li Zheng , Lawitzki Robert , Gugeler Katrin , Maier Sarah , Schmitz Guido , Kästner Johannes , Estes Deven P. , Dyballa Michael
Published: July 2021

We compare three methods for quantitatively distinguishing the location of noble metal (NM) particles in mesopores from those found on the external support surface. MCM‐41 and SBA‐15 with NM located in mesopores or on the external surface were prepared and characterized by TEM. 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify arylphosphines in complexes with NM. Phosphine/NM ratios drop from 2.0 to 0.2 when increasing the probe diameter from 1.08 to 1.54 nm. The reaction between NM and triphenylphosphine (TPP) within 3.0 nm MCM‐41 pores takes due to confinement effects multiple weeks. In contrast, external NM react with TPP instantly. A promising method is filling the pores by using the pore volume impregnation technique with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). TPP loading revealed that 66 % of NMs are located on the external surface of MCM‐41. The pore filling method can be used in association with any probe molecule, also for the quantification of acid sites.
Reversible Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Based on Co‐Functionalization with Zwitterionic and Cationic Binding Motifs**
Authors: He Huibin , Rudolph Kevin , Ostwaldt Jan‐Erik , Voskuhl Jens , Hirschhäuser Christoph , Niemeyer Jochen
Published: July 2021

We report a pH‐ and temperature‐controlled reversible self‐assembly of Au‐nanoparticles (AuNPs) in water, based on their surface modification with cationic guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole (GCP) and zwitterionic guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole carboxylate (GCPZ) binding motifs. When both binding motifs are installed in a carefully balanced ratio, the resulting functionalized AuNPs self‐assemble at pH 1, pH 7 and pH 13, whereas they disassemble at pH 3 and pH 11. Further disassembly can be achieved at elevated temperatures at pH 1 and pH 13. Thus, we were able to prepare functionalized nanoparticles that can be assembled/disassembled in seven alternating regimes, simply controlled by pH and temperature.
Possible activation of effector B cells during drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Matsumura Yutaka , Watanabe Rei , Niijima Yasuko , Kawakita Haruka , Furuta Junichi , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Ishitsuka Yosuke , Okiyama Naoko , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Manabu
Published: July 2021

Although the development of autoimmune disorders is recognized in drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), the serial change of B‐cell activity has not been well‐addressed. Herein, the serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, B‐cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF), and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) in three DIHS patients were tracked over time. While IL‐6 and IL‐10 tended to be elevated according to the disease activity, BAFF and APRIL increased during the improved phase. Our results imply that the continuous activation of B cells may be involved in the prolonged disease activity of DIHS and the development of autoimmune disorders.
Evaluation and associated risk factors for neutropenia with venetoclax and obinutuzumab in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Samuels Courtney , Abbott Diana , Niemiec Sierra , Tobin Jennifer , Falco Angela , Halsema Keri , Kamdar Manali
Published: July 2021

Background

The time‐limited combination of venetoclax and obinutuzumab (VenG) was established by the German CLL Study Group in the CLL14 trial for the upfront management of newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), showing a superior progression free survival benefit. The incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia was reported in the range of 52.8%–57.7%. However, patients who develop neutropenia with this combination have yet to be formally characterized in the literature as it has impact on the clinical practice setting.

Aim

To determine the incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia and identify risk factors for neutropenia among CLL patients treated with the VenG regimen.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, single‐center study of all adult patients with a diagnosis of CLL treated with VenG at the University of Colorado Hospital. Demographic information, laboratory data, clinical data, and medication prescriptions were collected from the patients' electronic medical record.

Results

A total of 14 patients (73%) developed neutropenia during the course of therapy. The mean time to neutropenia from the start of treatment was 42 days (range 1–131). Our cohort harbored more high risk disease features and more comorbidities (CIRS score of 12). Four patients (28.6%) in the neutropenic group developed infectious complications during therapy and 6 (31%) patients were unable to be dose escalated to the final FDA approved dose of 400 mg.

Conclusion

Our study cohort had higher incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurring in 73% of patients. This could be attributed to a higher rate of comorbidities, high risk features, concomitant interacting medications, and prior chemotherapy. Further studies are warranted to determine if growth factor support is efficacious to achieve dose escalation with this therapy.
Establishment of a color tolerance for yarn‐dyed fabrics from different color‐depth yarns
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Yang , Du Jinmei , Xu Changhai
Published: July 2021

Yarn‐dyed fabric is often woven from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth to ensure a uniform color appearance. The difference in color depth between warp and weft tends to result in the uneven color of the yarn‐dyed fabric. This article aims to establish a color tolerance for yarn‐dyed fabric that can be woven with a qualified color appearance but from the warp and weft yarns in different color depths. A total of 27 yarn‐dyed fabric samples in three color series (red, yellow, and blue) were evaluated by using the yarn‐dyed fabric from warp and weft yarns in the same color depth of 2% (on weight of fabric, owf) as the standard. Visual assessment and instrumental measurement of color were carried out to establish the color tolerance ellipse that was defined as CMC (Color Measurement Committee) color differences (2:1) of no more than 1.00. It was found that the color strengths (K/S) and color differences (ΔECMC(2:1)) of these fabric samples for each color series had linear relationships with the color depths of warp and weft yarns. The color tolerance ellipses indicated that, even though the warp and weft yarns had an apparent color difference, they could be woven in fabrics with relatively uniform color appearance and meet the requirements for yarn‐dyed fabric. This work provided valuable insight into the production of qualified yarn‐dyed fabrics from unqualified dyed yarns.
Capitalizing the database cost models process through a service‐based pipeline
Authors: Ouared Abdelkader , Ouhammou Yassine
Published: July 2021

Designing a database cost model is one of the main research topics related to the physical design phase. It follows the evolution of database technology in order to evaluate and quantify the performance metrics (e.g., response time, energy consumption, etc.). Therefore, it makes the community researchers sensitive to the generated results. However, reusing and comparing database cost models require extracting related information manually from the research publications. This process is error‐prone and time‐consuming. Unfortunately, many researchers claim the difficulty of surveying and reproducing cost models already published in several/journal articles and/or reports. This difficulty is due to the absence of a process describing the cost model itself formally as well as the context of its utilization. This article presents an approach enabling the extraction of cost models information (context, parameters, features, etc.) as a set of orchestrated services. These services are implemented using natural language processing and machine‐learning techniques via a work‐flow pipeline inspired by DevOps practices. We illustrate our approach on a case study to stress the feasibility and benefits of our proposal by emphasizing the reproduction and automatization facilities.
sRSP: An efficient and scalable implementation of remote scope promotion
Authors: Yilmazer‐Metin Ayse
Published: July 2021

GPUs only support simple coherence operations. For data integrity, heavyweight synchronization operations must be explicitly used. Scoped synchronization Hower et al. (2014) and Gaster et al. (2015) has been introduced to facilitate low overhead communication, when the communication is local across a subset of threads. Scoped synchronization can be used if the sharing is static. However, it is not possible to avoid using heavyweight global‐scoped synchronization when the sharing is dynamic. Asymmetric sharing is one of the dynamic sharing patterns where a shared data is frequently accessed by a single agent while being rarely accessed by remote agents. It requires using global‐scoped synchronization to encompass all possible synchronization agents on a GPU device without any special support. Remote scope promotion (RSP) Orr et al. (2015) allows use of lightweight local‐scoped synchronization for frequent accesses and defers the most synchronization overhead to the rare remote accesses. We propose sRSP which is an efficient and scalable implementation of RSP semantics. sRSP tracks local‐scoped synchronizations on local caches. When performing remote‐scoped synchronization, it applies the costly cache operations selectively. We thoroughly evaluate our work and show that it reduces remote synchronization overhead significantly and scales better. On the average, it improves the performance around 25% for a GPU device with 64 compute units.
Magnetic Circularly Polarized Luminescence in the Photoexcited States of Racemic [n]Helicenes (n=3–5,7) in Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solutions
Authors: Toda Hayato , Otake Shuhei , Ito Akari , Miyasaka Makoto , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the first magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) characteristics of racemic helicenes, including four unsubstituted [n]helicenes (n=3,4,5,7) and two [4]helicene derivatives bearing methoxy substituents, in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The value of |gMCPL| was calculated to be of the order of 10−3 T−1 within 350–430 nm under the north‐up (N‐up) and south‐up (S‐up) Faraday geometries in an external magnetic field of 1.6 T. The [n]‐dependent MCPL signs were altered by the N‐up and S‐up geometries.
Role of FTFSI Anion Asymmetry on Physical Properties of AFTFSI (A=Li, Na and K) Based Electrolytes and Consequences on Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Chidiac Joseph , Timperman Laure , Anouti Mérièm
Published: July 2021

This study compares the physicochemical properties of six electrolytes comprising of three salts: LiFTFSI, NaFTFSI and KFTFSI in two solvent mixtures, the binary (3EC/7EMC) and the ternary (EC/PC/3DMC). The transport properties (conductivity, viscosity) as a function of temperature and concentration were modeled using the extended Jones‐Dole‐Kaminsky equation, the Arrhenius model, and the Eyring theory of transition state for activated complexes. Results are discussed in terms of ionicity, solvation shell, and cross‐interactions between electrolyte components. The application of the six formulated electrolytes in symmetrical activated carbon (AC)//AC supercapacitors (SCs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated aging. Results revealed that the geometrical flexibility of the FTFSI anion allows it to access and diffuse easily in AC whereas its counter ions (Li+, Na+ or K+) can remain trapped in porosity. However, this drawback was partially resolved by mixing LiFTFSI and KFTFSI salts in the electrolyte.
New‐Generation Ligand Design for the Gold‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Activation of Alkynes
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe , Escofet Imma , Caniparoli Ulysse , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: July 2021

Gold(I) catalysts are ideal for the activation of alkynes under very mild conditions. However, unlike allenes or alkenes, the triple bond of alkynes cannot be prochiral. In addition, the linear coordination displayed by gold(I) complexes places the chiral ligand far away from the substrate resulting in an inefficient transfer of chiral information. This poses a significant challenge for the achievement of high enantiocontrol in gold(I)‐catalyzed reactions of alkynes. Although considerable progress on enantioselective gold(I)‐catalyzed transformations has recently been achieved, the asymmetric activation of non‐prochiral alkyne‐containing small molecules still represents a great challenge. Herein we summarize recent advances in intra‐ and intermolecular enantioselective gold(I)‐catalyzed reactions involving alkynes, discussing new chiral ligand designs that lie at the basis of these developments. We also focus on the mode of action of these catalysts, their possible limitations towards a next‐generation of more efficient ligand designs. Finally, square planar chiral gold(III) complexes, which offer an alternative to chiral gold(I) complexes, are also discussed.
A Spiro‐Containing 7‐Hydroxy‐Carbocoumarin: Facile Two‐Step Synthesis and Enhanced Long‐Wavelength Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Tan Bojun , Ren Jiatong , Chen Shaoli , Ge Zhongxue , Lu Xianming , Yang Xiong , Liu Ning
Published: July 2021

In contrast to the behavior of oxycoumarins, carbocoumarins can exhibit a maximum absorption wavelength which is more red‐shifted into the visible region. However, the fluorescence quantum yield decreases at the same time, restricting their further applications as long‐wavelength fluorophores. Herein, we developed a facile two‐step approach containing [4+1] spiroannulation and deprotection to simply and efficiently synthesize a novel spiro‐containing 7‐hydroxy‐carbocoumarin. Remarkably, with the aid of the rigid spiro structure, the spectral properties of our compound are comprehensively improved compared with previously reported carbocoumarins. The absorption and emission wavelengths show a further red‐shift, and the fluorescence quantum yield also increases significantly by 43 %. Our research not only enriches the database of carbocoumarins with a rapid and convenient synthetic strategy, but also sheds light on the rational design of carbocoumarins with superior spectral properties.
FDA authorizes marketing of diagnostic aid for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2021

In June, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized marketing of a device to help diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The Cognoa ASD Diagnosis Aid is a machine learning‐based software intended to help health care providers diagnose ASD in children 18 months through 5 years of age who exhibit potential symptoms of the disorder.
Dynamics of resonant self‐focusing on second harmonic generation of Gaussian laser beam in a rippled density plasma
Authors: Pathak Nidhi , Agarwal Prakash Chandra , Gill Tarsem S. , Kaur Sukhdeep
Published: July 2021

Resonant second harmonic generation by a Gaussian laser beam in a rippled density plasma is studied using the moment theory approach. The nonlinearity arises through the relativistic mass effect and ponderomotive forces. The laser beam creates a plasma channel and gives rise to electron density perturbation at the laser frequency. The density perturbation beats with electron quiver velocity to produce second harmonics. The ripple provides phase matching and makes the process a resonant one. The second harmonic power efficiency is increased effectively with density ripple. Self‐focusing causes enhancement in the efficiency of harmonic generation.
Kinetic approach on the DIA wave propagation in a non‐extensive distributed dusty plasma
Authors: Abbaszadeh Tohid , Zahed Hossein
Published: July 2021

The Landau damping of the dust ion‐acoustic wave (DIAW) in a dusty plasma with non‐extensive distributed components is analysed relying on the kinetic approach. The electron, ion, and dust particles are effectively modelled by the non‐extensive distribution function of the Tsallis statistics. For a collisionless plasma with different values of plasma components indices, the general dispersion relation is achieved, and the non‐extensivity effects on the frequency, as well as the Landau damping of the DIAW, are studied. We show that for , the preliminary results of the Maxwellian plasma are obtained. The decrease of wave damping is achieved by increasing the coefficient q index and the ion‐to‐electron density ratio. The damping rate also increases with an increasing ion‐to‐electron temperature ratio.
Computationally derived anatomic subtypes of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia show temporal stability and divergent patterns of longitudinal atrophy
Authors: Ranasinghe Kamalini G. , Toller Gianina , Cobigo Yann , Chiang Kevin , Callahan Patrick , Eliazer Caleb , Kramer Joel H. , Rosen Howard J. , Miller Bruce L. , Rankin Katherine P.
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) can be computationally divided into four distinct anatomic subtypes based on patterns of frontotemporal and subcortical atrophy. To more precisely predict disease trajectories of individual patients, the temporal stability of each subtype must be characterized.

Methods

We investigated the longitudinal stability of the four previously identified anatomic subtypes in 72 bvFTD patients. We also applied a voxel‐wise mixed effects model to examine subtype differences in atrophy patterns across multiple timepoints.

Results

Our results demonstrate the stability of the anatomic subtypes at baseline and over time. While they had common salience network atrophy, each subtype showed distinctive baseline and longitudinal atrophy patterns.

Discussion

Recognizing these anatomically heterogeneous subtypes and their different patterns of atrophy progression in early bvFTD will improve disease course prediction in individual patients. Longitudinal volumetric predictions based on these anatomic subtypes may be used as a more accurate endpoint in treatment trials.
A New Approach for the Voltammetric Determination of Amoxicillin in the Dosage Form Using Azo Coupling Reaction with Sulphanilamide
Authors: Kostiv O. , Rydchuk P. , Korkuna O. , Khavchuk M.
Published: July 2021

The novel method of amoxicillin (AM) determination has been developed using single‐sweep polarography. The proposed method is based on the obtaining of yellow coloured azo compound due to azo coupling reaction of previous diazotized sulphanilamide (SA) (in the medium of 0.6 M hydrochloric acid) with amoxicillin at pH=9.0 with the further reduction of the formed analytical form on a dropping mercury electrode. Voltammetric determination of amoxicillin is carried out due to the reduction peak of azo group of the obtained azo compound in the presence of 0.05 mol ⋅ L−1 Na2B4O7 as a background electrolyte at the potential Ecp2=−0.55 V and potential sweep rate of 2.5 V ⋅ s−1. The developed voltammetric method has two linear ranges of the determined concentrations (0.05–2.0) ⋅ 10−5 mol ⋅ L−1 and (0.2–1.0) ⋅ 10−4 mol ⋅ L−1 and the high sensitivity: LOD without the removing of unreacted sodium nitrite is 1.1 ⋅ 10−6 mol ⋅ L−1, and 7.2 ⋅ 10−7 mol ⋅ L−1, when NaNO2 excess is removed using urea. The developed voltammetric technique of AM determination has been approved during the analyses of tablets and oral suspension.
Coupling effects of fuel reforming process and fuel utilization on the system performance of a natural gas solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Chen , Zhang Biao , Zhou Nana , Harun Nor Farida , Oryshchyn Danylo , Tucker David
Published: July 2021

A design study was undertaken of a 100 kW natural gas solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/gas turbine (GT) hybrid system to evaluate the impacts of the reforming process under a broad range of SOFC fuel utilizations. An equilibrium reformer model and a one‐dimensional SOFC model are employed to perform system study for this hybrid, while balance of plant model is built in Ebsion to simulate the associated performance of GT cycle. Fifty design cases with varied external fuel reforming temperatures are analyzed based on different SOFC fuel utilization levels. With the decrease of reforming temperature, optimal fuel utilization in terms of efficiency shift from 90% with external reforming to 60% with internal reforming. Highest efficiency up to 74% was achieved with internal reforming, but this came with 1275 K cathode inlet air temperature and 1673 K turbine inlet temperature, which no current fuel cell and few GTs can tolerate. High fuel pre‐reforming rates provided a higher design flexibility and showed opportunities of efficiency improvement with appropriate thermal integration strategy. And the feasibility of achieving high efficiencies in the hybrid system with thermally integrated external reforming will be explored in our future work.

Novelty Statement

Both fuel reforming process and fuel utilization could affect the heat and energy balance in the hybrid gas solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)‐gas turbine (GT) system. However, the optimal design condition considering different fuel reforming approaches and SOFC fuel utilization levels was not determined in the literature. In addition, appropriate integration strategies, used to balance the heat and power between the two subsystems (SOFC and GT), are imperative under different fuel reforming approaches and SOFC fuel utilization levels. But, the feasibility of those thermal integration strategies has not been examined in existing studies. This work studied the coupling effects of SOFC fuel utilization and fuel reforming process on system performance of a natural gas hybrid SOFC/GT cycle. Highest efficiency up to 74% was achieved with internal reforming, but this came with 1275 K cathode inlet air temperature and 1673 K turbine inlet temperature, which no current fuel cell and few GTs can tolerate. High fuel pre‐reforming rates provided a higher design flexibility and showed opportunities of efficiency improvement with appropriate thermal integration strategy.
Post‐fire management effects on sediment (dis)connectivity in Mediterranean forest ecosystems: Channel and catchment response
Authors: González‐Romero Javier , López‐Vicente Manuel , Gómez‐Sánchez Elena , Peña‐Molina Esther , Galletero Pablo , Plaza‐Alvarez Pedro , Moya Daniel , De las Heras Jorge , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban
Published: July 2021

Forest fires and post‐fire practices influence sediment connectivity (SC). In this study, we use the ‘aggregated index of connectivity’ (AIC) to assess SC in five Mediterranean catchments (198–1090 ha) affected by a wildfire in 2012 in south‐eastern Spain. Two temporal scenarios were considered, immediately after the fire and before post‐fire management, and 2 years after the fire including all practices (hillslope barriers, check‐dams, afforestation, salvage logging and skid trails). One LiDAR (light detection and ranging)‐derived digital elevation model (DEM, 2 m × 2 m resolution) was generated, per scenario. The five catchment outlets were established as the computation target (AICOUT), and structural and functional SC were calculated. Index outputs were normalized to make the results of the non‐nested catchments comparable (AICN‐OUT). The output analysis includes the SC distribution along the catchments and at local scale (929 sub‐catchments, 677 in the burned area), the hillslope and channel measures' effect on SC, and a sedimentological analysis using observed area‐specific sediment yield (SSY) at 10 new (built after post‐fire practices) concrete check‐dams located in the catchments (SSY = 1.94 Mg ha−1 yr−1; σ = 1.22). The catchments with more circular shapes and steeper slopes were those with higher AICN‐OUT. The structural SC maps – removing the rainfall erosivity influence – allowed evaluating the actual role played by the post‐fire practices that reduced SC (
= − 1.19%; σ = 0.41); while functional SC was linked to the actual change of SC (
= + 5.32%; σ = 0.62). Hillslope treatments resulted in significant changes on AICN‐OUT at sub‐catchment scale with certain disconnectivity. A good and positive correlation was found between the SSY and the changes of AICN‐OUT. However, the coarse DEM resolution explained the lack of effect of the rock check‐dams – located on the secondary channels – on AICN‐OUT. AICN‐OUT proved to be a useful tool for decision making in post‐fire restoration, but an optimal input data is still necessary to refine calculations.
Evaluating the use of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate as a mineral‐based fire retardant for application in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF)‐bonded wood‐based composite materials
Authors: Ozyhar Tomasz , Tschannen Christof , Thoemen Heiko , Zoppe Justin O.
Published: July 2021

Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) was evaluated for its potential as a mineral fire retardant (FR) for application in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF)‐bonded wood composites. The efficacy as FR was studied in melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde (MUF)‐bonded three‐layer particleboard as a function of addition quantities of 10‐, 20‐ and 30 wt%. Resistance to fire and mechanical properties were determined by measuring the self‐extinguishing time after flame exposure and internal bond strength, respectively. Combustion behavior was examined on samples with 20 wt% DCPD addition by performing cone calorimetry experiments. The efficacy of DCPD was evaluated by determining the heat release, total heat release rate, smoke production, and smoke production rate and compared to another promising mineral‐based fire‐retardant composition (FRC) based on hydroxyapatite (HA) with deliquescent salt and HA alone. The effect of FR on the curing behavior of MUF in relation to mechanical properties was determined through viscosity measurements of MUF with 10 wt% addition of FR. The results confirmed the fire‐retardant characteristics of DCPD in wood composites, albeit at higher application rates when compared to the FRC, however with no negative impact on resin curing time or mechanical strength. Based on the demonstrated compatibility in MUF, DCPD is considered a promising mineral extender of other FRs for application in UF‐based wood composites.
Post‐drought increase in regional‐scale groundwater nitrate in southwest Germany
Authors: Jutglar Karuna , Hellwig Jost , Stoelzle Michael , Lange Jens
Published: July 2021

Elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater are a common challenge for water management. One important factor in this context is higher frequencies and intensities of wet‐dry cycles that may cause increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater due to nitrate flushes after drought termination. Yet systematic studies on regional‐scale impacts of droughts on groundwater nitrate concentrations are missing so far. Here we analyzed time series of 44 shallow groundwater wells and 41 springs all across the German Federal State Baden‐Wuerttemberg from 2000 to 2018 to characterize patterns of post‐drought nitrate increase in groundwater. In general, half of the exceptional nitrate concentrations, which exceeded the 80th percentile of long‐term nitrate measurements, could be related to droughts in the research timeframe. The 2003 drought event stood out in terms of drought severity and post‐drought nitrate concentration increases in our data. The great majority (91%) of all monitoring sites showed at least one exceptionally high nitrate concentration in the 4 years following the 2003 drought event. Springs were mainly located in forests of steep low mountain ranges and wells in cropland of flat river valleys. Therefore, delay times between drought intensity and nitrate concentration increases as well as magnitudes of nitrate concentration increase were diverse among wells and springs. We derived two distinct nitrate response patterns: (i) nitrate increases immediately following drought events (more common for springs and fractured rock aquifers) and (ii) delayed nitrate increases (more common for wells and porous aquifers). Springs generally showed quicker (median of 101 days) but weaker (median of +1.3 mg/L) post‐drought nitrate increases than wells (185 days, +3.4 mg/L). Only few sites exhibited no post‐drought nitrate increase and post‐drought mean‐nitrate concentrations of groundwater reservoirs were extraordinarily high in 2006. Overall, we demonstrate that post‐drought nitrate increase in groundwater is omnipresent, while different landscapes and hydrogeological characteristics create a diverse regional pattern. As severe droughts become more frequent in a changing climate, post‐drought nitrate increase may intensify problems regarding water quality and supply.
Diagnostic performance of the Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay in the clinical routine of a tertiary care hospital: Preliminary results from a single‐center evaluation
Authors: Mueller Thomas , Kompatscher Julia , La Guardia Mario
Published: July 2021

Background

This report describes a manufacturer‐independent evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay from Roche Diagnostics in a tertiary care setting.

Methods

In this single‐center study, we used nasopharyngeal swabs from 403 cases from the emergency department and intensive care unit of our hospital. The reference standard for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 was the reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay. Cycle threshold (Ct) values were recorded for positive RT‐PCR assays. The index test was the Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay. This electrochemiluminescence immunoassay produces results as cutoff index (COI) values, with values ≥1.00 being reported as positive.

Results

Of the 403 cases, 47 showed positive results in RT‐PCR assays. Of the 47 RT‐PCR‐positive cases, 12 showed positive results in the antigen assay. Of the 356 RT‐PCR‐negative cases, all showed negative results in the antigen assay. Thus, the antigen assay showed a sensitivity of 26% (95% CI, 14%‐40%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99%‐100%). Analysis of the relationship between Ct values and COI values in the 47 RT‐PCR‐positive cases showed a correlation coefficient of −0.704 (95% CI, −0.824 to −0.522). The true‐positive rate of the antigen assay for Ct values of 15–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, and 35–39.9 was 100%, 44%, 8%, and 6%, respectively.

Conclusions

The Elecsys SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen assay has a low sensitivity for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. Hence, we decided to not use this assay in the clinical routine of our hospital.
Development of microalgal biofilm for wastewater remediation: from mechanism to practical application
Authors: Hu Yingbing , Xiao Yu , Liao Kang , Leng Yunyue , Lu Qian
Published: July 2021

The high cost of biomass harvesting by centrifugation and high safety risks of collected algal biomass by chemical flocculation are serious problems jeopardizing the industrial implementation of microalgae bio‐products. Recently, microalgae immobilization is regarded as a promising technology with the potential of lowering biomass production cost and ensuring biomass safety in the industry. Therefore, microalgal biofilms, an effective and affordable way to immobilize algal cells, are emerging into the limelight. This paper summarizes the progress achieved in biofilm system design and biofilm formation mechanisms. Newly designed algal biofilm systems are compared to demonstrate their advantages and weaknesses. Besides, mechanisms associated with the two steps –initial attachment of microalgae and biofilm thickening – of biofilm formation are discussed in this paper. Factors such as substratum material, algal strain and operational parameters, which could impact the formation and operation of algal biofilm, are demonstrated. Efforts devoted to the industrial application of algal biofilm to treat wastewater are discussed. The biotechnology of microalgal biofilm is currently at the critical stage of developing from fundamental research to industrial implementation. Undeniably, there are still many problems that limit the wide use of algal biofilm for biomass production and wastewater treatment. In this paper, we present some potential solutions to current problems and discuss the development trends of algal biofilm in the foreseeable future. It is expected that by addressing current problems microalgal biofilm will be widely used at the industrial scale. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis in elderly patients
Authors: Zhu Mingming , Ran Zhihua
Published: July 2021

The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in elderly patients is increasing. Elderly UC patients are likely to exhibit distinct features both at diagnosis and during follow‐up. Age‐related problems, including complications, immune dysfunction, and multidrug use, make the diagnosis and treatment of elderly UC more challenging. Suboptimal treatment considering adverse events leads to poor clinical outcome in elderly UC patients. Here, we reviewed the epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical therapy, colorectal cancer surveillance of UC in elderly patients.