bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
News Media Expectations of Journalism Education. A Comparative Analysis between Colombia and Puerto Rico/Expectativas de los medios de información frente a la formación de periodistas. Análisis comparativo entre Colombia y Puerto Rico
Authors: Cuesta Oscar , Lugo Ortiz Lourdes
Published: February 2017

Las transformaciones que atraviesa el periodismo del siglo XXI impactan no solo el quehacer profesional, sino también las expectativas sobre el tipo de entrenamiento que debe recibir un futuro periodista en la academia. Con este interés, esta investigación tiene el objetivo de identificar las opiniones de los supervisores de los medios de información (i.e., jefes de redacción, editores, jefe de sección, editor, supervisor, etc.) sobre las habilidades que esperan sean desarrolladas por las facultades o programas que forman periodistas. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas a los supervisores de los medios en Puerto Rico y Colombia y, con base de las opiniones vertidas, se hizo un análisis comparativo descriptivo centrado en los porcentajes. Este estudio encontró que los supervisores de ambos países consideran importante que la academia forme periodistas generalistas ¾con destrezas digitales y multimedia¾, que puedan producir para plataformas múltiples y que dominen aquellas destrezas que tradicionalmente se han atado al campo (e.g., buena redacción, pensamiento crítico, competencias para la investigación, conocimientos de cultura general y sobre la actualidad, entre otras). No obstante, mientras los colombianos piensan que el énfasis de la educación debe recaer en el pensamiento crítico; los de Puerto Rico opinan que debe recaer en el adiestramiento profesional. Más allá de esta diferencia, los supervisores de ambos países perciben que los currículos académicos deben responder a las demandas de la industria. Además, muchos de los encuestados entienden que la academia está alejada de lo que requieren los medios, tal y como perciben otros profesionales en otros países en el mundo.
Determining the physical and emotional health of the sub 17 soccer team of the Uniautónoma soccer club/Percepción de la salud física y emocional del equipo de fútbol sub 17 de la Uniautónoma fútbol club año 2015
Authors: Castañeda Londoño Alfredo , Hernández Maldonado Luciana , Hernández Quezada Marina Cecilia
Published: February 2017

Se evaluó a los jugadores del equipo de futbol sub 17 de la Universidad Autónoma Del Caribe (UAC. FC), observando la salud física y emocional. La investigación fue de tipo cuantitativa, con un enfoque descriptivo. Se observó que la mayoría de los jugadores poseen un óptimo estado físico, aunque una minoría presenta cuadros gripales, cefaleas, erupciones en la piel y dolores musculares, entre otros afectando el desempeño deportivo. Con respecto a la salud emocional la mayoría de la población valorada manifestó un adecuado estado emocional, aunque una minoría ha presentado frustraciones, rabia y ansiedad. Ocasionando todo lo anterior un deterioro progresivo del proceso de comunicación multidireccional del cerebro con el sistema nervioso autónomo, el sistema endocrino y sistema inmune.
Population-Level Differences in Rectal Cancer Survival in Uninsured Patients Are Partially Explained by Differences in Treatment
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann
Published: February 2017

Background

Rectal cancer (RC) is a common malignancy with a substantial mortality but good survival for patients with optimally treated nonmetastatic disease. Lack of insurance may compromise access to care and therefore compromise survival. Here, we examine RC survival by insurance type.

Methods

Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were used to determine 1- to 3-year survival for patients with RC by insurance type (Medicaid, uninsured, other insurance).

Results

Patients with Medicaid or no insurance presented at later stages and were less likely to receive definitive surgery. Overall 3-year survival was higher for patients with other insurance compared with Medicaid-insured (+22.2% units) and uninsured (+18.8% units) patients. Major differences in survival were still observed after adjustment for stage. When patients with stage II and III RC were considered, 3-year survival was higher for patients with other insurance versus those with Medicaid (+16.2% units) and uninsured patients (+12.2% units). However, when the analysis was limited to patients with stage II and III disease who received radiation therapy followed by definitive surgery, the difference decreased to +11.8% units and +7.3% units, respectively, for Medicaid and no insurance.

Conclusion

For patients with stage II and III RC, much of the difference in survival between uninsured patients and those with insurance other than Medicaid can be explained by differences in treatment. Further efforts to determine the cause of residual differences as well as efforts to improve access to standard-of-care treatment for uninsured patients may improve population-level survival for RC.
Declining Dynamism, Allocative Efficiency, and the Productivity Slowdown
Authors: Decker Ryan A. , Haltiwanger John , Jarmin Ron S. , Miranda Javier
Published: February 2017

A large literature documents declining measures of business dynamism including high-growth young firm activity and job reallocation. A distinct literature describes a slowdown in the pace of aggregate labor productivity growth. We relate these patterns by studying changes in productivity growth from the late 1990s to the mid 2000s using firm-level data. We find that diminished allocative efficiency gains can account for the productivity slowdown in a manner that interacts with the within-firm productivity growth distribution. The evidence suggests that the decline in dynamism is reason for concern and sheds light on debates about the causes of slowing productivity growth.
Incentive Contracting Under Ambiguity Aversion
Authors: Liu Qi , Lu Lei , Sun Bo
Published: February 2017

This paper studies a principal-agent model in which the information on future firm performance is ambiguous and the agent is averse to ambiguity. We show that if firm risk is ambiguous, while stocks always induce the agent to perceive a high risk, options can induce him to perceive a low risk. As a result, options can be less costly in incentivizing the agent than stocks in the presence of ambiguity. In addition, we show that providing the agent with more incentives would induce the agent to perceive a higher risk, and there is a discontinuous jump in the compensation cost as incentives increase, which makes the principal reluctant to reset contracts frequently when underlying fundamentals change. Thus, compensation contracts exhibit an inertia property. Lastly, the model sheds some light on the use of relative performance evaluation, and provides a rationale for the puzzle of pay-for-luck in the presence of ambiguity.
CARACTERISTICAS CLÍNICAS E CIRURGICAS DE IDOSOS SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIA CARDÍACA
Authors: Cordeiro André Luiz , Guimarães André Raimundo , Pontes Sarah Souza , Jesus Leilane , Lima Carolina , Coutinho Vanessa
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A expectativa de vida vem aumentando nas últimas décadas e associado a isso existe também um aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. Uma das formas de tratamento para essas doenças é a cirurgia cardíaca sendo muito prevalente em idosos. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico e cirúrgico de idosos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo observacional com os pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia. No primeiro dia pós-cirurgia todos os pacientes foram avaliados na busca de dados relacionados ao seu perfil clínico e cirúrgico. Resultados: Durante o período da pesquisa foram operados 51 pacientes, sendo 39 homens (77%), com a média de idade mais prevalente acima de 75 anos (30%), hipertensão arterial e diabetes melitus as comorbidades mais encontradas (67 e 58%, respectivamente) e 53% com o Índice de Massa Corpórea dentro da normalidade. Em relação as características cirúrgicas 90% dos pacientes realizaram cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, havendo necessidade em 72% dos casos de três pontes, tempo de Circulação Extracorpórea de 74 ± 22 minutos e tempo de Ventilação Mecânica de 8 ± 4 horas. Conclusão: Com base nesses achados pode-se caracterizar que os idosos submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio  têm mais de 75 anos, do gênero masculino, hipertensos, e sedentários.
PERFIL DO FISIOTERAPEUTA PESQUISADOR DOCENTE NO ESTADO DA BAHIA: UMA ANÁLISE DOCUMENTAL
Authors: Cruz Flávia Galvão , Cohim Sandra , Carneiro Ana Paula Quixadá , Nunes Sá Katia
Published: February 2017

Introdução: O delineamento do perfil do fisioterapeuta pesquisador docente do Estado da Bahia ajuda a identificar lacunas a serem preenchidas para o desenvolvimento da ciência na área. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil do fisioterapeuta docente com título doutor no estado da Bahia e analisar o grau de conexão entre os pesquisadores por subárea de conhecimento. Metodologia: Estudo cientométrico de base documental com dados obtidos dos currículos Lattes dos docentes das instituições de ensino superior do estado da Bahia. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste Mann Whitney e da Rede de Colaboração. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Foram identificados e analisados 24 fisioterapeutas doutores, sendo a maior parte do sexo feminino (75,0%), com três anos ou menos de tempo de obtenção do título de doutor (58,3%), pouco treinamento no exterior (20,8%), baixa inserção em programas de mestrado e doutorado (20,8%), com mediana de publicação de 1,5 artigos/ano/docente e de índice h de 3,6 citações/ano/docente. A vocação para a pesquisa envolve mais a subárea neurofuncional (25,0%). Nenhum (0,0%) fisioterapeuta doutor da amostra é beneficiado por bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa e 62,5% atua em instituições públicas. O número das diferentes orientações se associou com o tempo de titulação (p<0,050), mas não com o índice h (p=0,272). Observou-se que a rede de colaboração ainda é incipiente. Conclusão: Os fisioterapeutas pesquisadores e docentes do estado da Bahia são jovens doutores, com produtividade em pesquisa em desenvolvimento e pouca inserção em redes de pesquisa locais, nacionais e internacionais.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM EDUCADOR VAGINAL ATRAVÉS DO PROCESSO DE MANUFATURA ADITIVA (IMPRESSÃO 3D)
Authors: Nascimento Martins Ketinlly Yasmyne , Castelo Branco Rodolfo Ramos , De Andrade Katiuska Duarte , Da Silva Josivânia Bezerra , De Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Fernandes
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A utilização de educadores vaginais é uma das formas de uso da cinesioterapia para tratamento do assoalho pélvico, trabalhando a musculatura de forma ativa aumentando a resistência muscular. Dessa forma, estes dispositivos tem demonstrado grande importância no treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico por permitir o acompanhamento dos movimentos das paredes internas da vagina fornecendo feedback ao profissional e ao próprio paciente. O acesso a este tipo de dispositivo é reduzido e por este motivo buscou-se uma maneira de desenvolver um dispositivo diferenciado e de fácil acesso através do processo de manufatura aditiva (Impressão 3D) o qual permite criar objetos precisos, em menor tempo e com baixo custo. Objetivo: Desenvolvimento de um educador vaginal através do processo de Manufatura Aditiva (MA). Metodologia: O dispositivo será desenvolvido a partir de modelagem em software CAD e impresso através processo de MA em impressora 3D que utiliza como matéria prima o poliácido lático (PLA). Resultados: A concepção deste disposto será feita a partir de estudos em um modelo de educador vaginal já existente. Portanto, será desenvolvido um novo designer de educador vaginal, visando um melhor acoplamento deste na vagina, para assim fornecer uma resposta sensorial da região perineal da paciente. Após modelagem, o dispositivo será encaminhado para estação de impressão 3D e impresso com precisão como prevê a tecnologia de MA. Conclusão: A criação deste dispositivo através do processo de Manufatura Aditiva dá uma nova perspectiva aos tratamentos de disfunções do assoalho pélvico, uma vez que este pode ser produzido com designer inovador, em pequenas escalas, de forma imediata e com custo reduzido.
Raciocínio Moral (Moral Reasoning) e Raciocínio Jurídico (Legal Reasoning) no Exercício da Jurisdição Constitucional / Moral Reasoning and Legal Reasoning in the Exercise of Constitutional Jurisdiction
Authors: Costa Rafael de Oliveira , Starke Buzetti Bruno , Da Silva Lanaira
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O presente estudo pretende analisar a relação existente entre o raciocínio moral e o raciocínio jurídico nos processos de tomada decisão dos Tribunais Constitucionais, objetivando solucionar o embate entre validade e legitimidade no exercício da jurisdição constitucional. Trata-se de pesquisa que faz uso do raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo, valendo-se de dados de natureza primária (acórdãos e leis) e secundária (entendimentos doutrinários), permitindo concluir ser indispensável a construção de uma teoria não meramente descritiva dos processos de tomada de decisão, mas analítico-hermenêutico-argumentativa, no sentido de ser capaz de fixar parâmetros para o julgador avaliar a correção do raciocínio adotado na solução de casos concretos, substituindo a arbitrariedade pela justificação racional. Abstract: This study examines the relationship between moral reasoning and legal reasoning in decision-making processes of Constitutional Courts. The aim is to establish parameters to understand how they occur, resolving the conflict between validity and legitimacy in the exercise of constitutional jurisdiction. This research makes use of hypothetical-deductive reasoning, drawing on primary (judgments and laws) and secondary data (doctrinal understandings). It concludes that it is essential to build not a merely descriptive theory of decision-making processes, but analytic-hermeneutic-argumentative, to be able to set parameters for the judge to assess the correctness of the reasoning adopted in the solution of a concrete case.
A Tensão entre Constitucionalismo e Exceção: a Ordem Estatal sobreposta aos Direitos Fundamentais / The Tension between Constitutionalism and Exception: when the State Order Prevails over Fundamental Rights
Authors: Simon Henrique Smidt
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Cada vez mais o poder público limita direitos e aumenta a repressão, sem corrigir as falhas que levam ao conflito. Isso indica o uso do direito como garantidor de ordem, não de liberdade. O intento deste artigo é mostrar, discutindo as noções de estado e constituição, o conflito entre liberdade e ordem e como o direito serve para proteger a primeira. Assim, relaciona-se a legalidade no estado contemporâneo com a limitação do poder. Faz-se, então, a relação com a ideia de nação e a prevalência da vontade do estado. Após, trabalha-se o estado de exceção e como a ordem e a coerção estatal são postas acima dos direitos e garantias constitucionais. A prevalência da ordem sobre a proteção constitucional pode ser vista nas manifestações de junho de 2013; nos rolezinhos e na situação do presídio de Pedrinhas, exemplos da lógica do estado de exceção incorporada à vida política brasileira, o que responde à discussão teórica que os antecede. Ademais, o estado brasileiro aumenta seu poder de repressão com estratégias jurídicas que diminuem seus limites ou seu controle. O texto defende a necessidade de retomar as lógicas da legalidade e do constitucionalismo para combater a naturalização do estado de exceção. Abstract: Nowadays is getting usual for the government to limit rights and expand its capacity of repression without correcting the flaws that cause conflicts. This indicates the use of the law as a way to grant order, not liberty. The aim of this article is to show, discussing the ideas of state and constitution, the tension between liberty and order and how the law should work to protect the former. Thus, the contemporaneous state is related to legality, understood as a mean to limit the state power. Then, the concept of state of exception is presented and is shown as the state order and coercion overlap constitutional rights. This overlapping can be seen in the "June 2013" protests; in the flash mob situations and in the case of "Pedrinhas" Prison. Those are examples of the logic of the state of exception embodied to the Brazilian political life. Furthermore, Brazilian state increases its repression power by using legal strategies that decrease its means of being restrained. The text asserts the need to rethink legality and constitutionalism as a way to fight the naturalization of the state of exception.
El Caso en México de "Las Patronas" y el Premio Nacional de Derechos Humanos 2013 / O Caso das "Patronas" no México e o Prêmio Nacional de Direitos Humanos 2013
Authors: Modesto De Gasperin Gasperin Rafael , Guadalupe Del Rio Martínez Guadalupe Enriqueta , De Gasperin Del Río María
Published: February 2017

Resumen: Partiendo desde las raíces antropológicas de los vulnerables, "Las Patronas" -nombre con el que se identifica a un grupo de mujeres del sureste de México que apoyan en su diáspora al migrante centroamericano y mexicano- no dejan ir la oportunidad de ser solidarias y expresar desde la compasión por el otro, una posibilidad para los derechos humanos, al encarnar en cada rostro una esperanza para quien vive su andar desde la vulnerabilidad jurídica. Las patronas reciben en México el premio Nacional de Derechos Humanos 2013 en el marco de una exacerbada violencia contra aquellos, los otros, los nadie; que ante un futuro que no existe viven el fin de la utopía doméstica por una ciudadanía que les garantice las condiciones mínimas de un estado de derecho. Resumo: A partir das raízes antropológicas dos vulneráveis, as "Patronas" - nome que designa um grupo de mulheres do sudeste do México - apoiam, na sua diáspora, os migrantes mexicanos e da América Central. Elas não abrem mão da possibilidade de expressar sua solidariedade e compaixão para com o outro, tratando-se de uma oportunidade para fazer valer os direitos humanos, representando em cada rosto uma esperança para aqueles cujas vivências se constituem a partir da vulnerabilidade legal. As "Patronas" receberam, em 2013, no México, o Prêmio Nacional de Direitos Humanos num quadro de violência exacerbada contra aqueles, os "outros", os "ninguém". Diante de um futuro que não existe, eles vivenciam o fim da utopia interna da cidadania que garante condições mínimas de um Estado de direito.
Uma pesquisa-ação no ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa para crianças com uso de tecnologias digitais / An action research in english language teaching and learning for children with use of digital technologies
Authors: Chimenti Maria Carolina Coelho , Lins Heloísa Andreia de Matos
Published: February 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo baseia-se numa pesquisa de campo que objetivou oferecer subsídios pedagógicos à utilização de tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa, em duas turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública municipal em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Com base na perspectiva da pedagogia da infância, que concebe a criança como protagonista e também (re)produtora de conhecimentos, foram realizadas atividades com vídeos do YouTube, jogos online, músicas, entre outros objetos de aprendizagem. Da mesma forma, observações, entrevistas e questionários foram feitos com as professoras e os alunos envolvidos na pesquisa. Com base nessa pesquisa-ação, foram analisados aspectos referentes às contribuições de alguns recursos digitais no ensino e na aprendizagem da língua inglesa no Ensino Fundamental (ciclo I) e obtiveram-se dados que permitiram conhecer: a importância da aprendizagem na infância de um idioma estrangeiro nos dias atuais, principalmente o inglês, e de que forma as tecnologias digitais podem tornar o aprendizado mais contextualizado, significativo, motivando as crianças para a aprendizagem do idioma, num cenário em que possam ser (cri)ativas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: língua inglesa; tecnologias na educação; ensino de línguas; aprendizagem; infância. ABSTRACT: The present article is based on a field research that aimed to provide educational subsidies for the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning process of English language, in two classes of the fifth grade from the elementary school, at the public school located in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the perspective of childhood pedagogy, which conceives the child as the protagonist and also (re)productive of knowledge, activities were carried with YouTube videos, online games, music, and many other learning objects. Likewise, observations, interviews and questionnaires were made with teachers and students involved in the research. Based on the action research, we analyzed aspects related to the contribution of some digital resources in teaching and learning of English at elementary school and we obtained many elements that allowed us to know the importance of learning a foreign language in the childhood nowadays, mainly English, and how new technologies can make learning more contextualized, meaningful, motivating children for language learning in a context in which they can be (cri)ative.KEYWORDS: English language; technology in education; language teaching; learning; childhood.
Contribuições do sociointeracionismo para a aprendizagem de um idioma em plataformas digitais / Contributions from sociointeracionism to the learning of a language in digital platforms
Authors: Santos de Morales Renata , Reck Maggi Noeli , Marques da Silveira André Luis , Figueiró Ramiro Juliana
Published: February 2017

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta, a partir de um breve estudo de caso que tem como objeto a plataforma de ensino da Língua Inglesa My English Online, considerações iniciais sobre as possíveis contribuições da teoria sociointeracionista, proposta por Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, para um melhor desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. No estudo da ferramenta, verificou-se que, tal como ocorre frequentemente em projetos de designinstrucional, o desenvolvimento da plataforma foi orientado pelo construtivismo de Jean Piaget, fato que será apresentado a partir da seleção e exposição reflexiva de algumas funcionalidades dessa plataforma. O desafio deste artigo é pautar, a partir da sugestão de inclusão de novas funcionalidades na plataforma, uma possibilidade de unir ambas as teorias com o objetivo de contribuir para a aprendizagem.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aprendizagem de idioma; sociointeracionismo; plataformas digitais. ABSTRACT: This article presents, based on a brief case study which has as its object the English teaching platform My English Online, initial considerations on the possible contributions of the sociointeractionist theory proposed by Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, for a better development of virtual learning environments. The case study showed that, as often happens in instructional design projects, the development of the platform was guided by Jean Piaget’s constructivism, which will be presented from the selection and reflective display of a selection of the platform’s features. The challenge of this paper is to suggest, based on the inclusion of new features on the platform, a union of both theories in order to contribute to learning processes.KEYWORDS: language learning; social interaction; digital platforms.
Selfies, emojis, likes: representações voláteis e leituras líquidas na era digital / Selfies, emojis, likes: volatile representations and liquid readings in the digital age
Authors: Ribeiro Josiane da Cruz Lima , Amorim Ricardo José Rocha , Nunes Rodrigo dos Reis
Published: February 2017

RESUMO:Este trabalho propõe discutir as funções que códigos de hipermídia, tais como os selfies, emojis e likes, têm desempenhado como representações e leituras de si e do outro na era digital, e como a escola tem se portado diante desse novo panorama de tratar a informação e a comunicação voláteis. As vias de comunicação anteriormente experimentadas por percursos unilineares dão espaço para a instauração de vias interconectivas disformes que circundam no ciberespaço e tornam instáveis os registros de nós e a leitura que fazemos de uma outra pessoa, constantemente reatualizados por novos registros e, consequentemente, por novas leituras. A ubiquidade, mediada, sobretudo, pelos dispositivos móveis – celulares, smartphones e tablets –, proporciona essa atualização constante e metamorfoseia, ininterruptamente, a nossa representação no ciberespaço. Nesse quadro, a escola se vê desafiada a pensar em como lidar com essas novas perspectivas de leitura, visto que essa é uma realidade trazida pelo aluno para os campos da educação formal. Para tanto, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e tomamos por base alguns teóricos, tais como Santaella (2004; 2007; 2013), Hall (2006), Lévy (1994), Malini & Antoun (2013), dentre outros, que trazem para a discussão conceitos sobre identidades líquidas, representações voláteis, tecnologias da informação e comunicação e educação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: leituras líquidas; tecnologia da informação e comunicação; ciberespaço; ubiquidade e educação. ABSTRACT:This work aims at discussing the roles that hypermedia codes, such as selfies, emoji and likes, have played as representations and readings of self and other in the digital age, and how the school has behaved on this new outlook in dealing with volatile information and communication. The roads previously experienced by unilineal paths give way to the establishment of misshapen interconnective roads surrounding cyberspace and become unstable records of us and the reading we make of another person, constantly re-enacted by new records and, consequently, for new readings. Ubiquity, mediated mainly by mobile devices – mobile phones, smartphones and tablets –, provides this constant updating and metamorphoses, uninterruptedly, our representation in cyberspace. In this framework, the school is challenged to think about how to deal with these new perspectives of reading, since this is a reality brought by the student to the field of formal education. Therefore, we use the literature and took as a basis some theorists such as Santaella (2004; 2007; 2013), Hall (2006), Lévy (1994), Malini & Antoun (2013), among others, to bring to the discussion concepts of liquid identities, volatile representations, information and communication technologies and education.KEYWORDS: liquid readings; information and communication technology; cyberspace; ubiquity and education.
“O que é uma obra?”: entre a estabilidade e o deslize em tempos de internet / “What is a work?”: between stability and sliding in the internet age
Authors: Pavan Paula Daniele
Published: February 2017

RESUMO:Este texto, amparado pelos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso articulada por Michel Pêcheux, discute a noção de obra a partir dos efeitos de sentido produzidos no discurso oficial e no discurso de debate – materializados nas Leis de Direitos Autorais 5.988, de 14 de dezembro de 1973, e 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, e em textos criados durante o processo de reformulação da Lei de Direitos Autorais 9.610/1998, respectivamente. Ao mobilizarmos, principalmente, as noções de memória institucional, memória discursiva e formação discursiva na análise de sequências discursivas representativas dos discursos considerados, observamos um jogo que vai da estabilização ao deslizamento de sentidos para a noção de obra. Enquanto a manutenção é garantida pelo retorno de saberes de uma memória que estabiliza e oficializa, o deslizamento é possibilitado por saberes de uma memória que se altera, se movimenta e é afetada pelos tempos de internet. A noção de obra apresenta-se, portanto, como opaca, contraditória e política. Em suma, essa é uma noção construída histórica e discursivamente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: direitos autorais; obra; sentidos; estabilidade; deslizamento. ABSTRACT: This paper, based on the Discourse Analysis perspective articulated by Pêcheux, discusses the concept of work by analyzing the sense effects produced within the official discourse and in the debate discourse – which are materialized in the Copyright Laws 5.988, of December 14, 1973, and 9.610, of February 19, 1998, and in the texts created during the reshaping process of the Copyright Law 9.610/1998, respectively. Mobilizing, mainly, the notions of institutional memory, discursive memory and discursive formation in the analysis of discursive sequences, which are representative of the discourses considered, we observe a movement that goes from the stabilization to the sliding of the senses for the notion of work. As the stability is guaranteed by the return of a memory that maintains and officializes it, the sliding is made possible by a memory that changes, moves and is affected by the Internet age. The notion of work presents itself, therefore, as opaque, contradictory and political. In short, this notion of work is constructed historically and discursively.KEYWORDS: copyright; work; senses; stability; sliding.
Superiority Control of Concrete
Authors: Bin Heyat Md Belal , Ahmed Syed Rafi , . Shahnawaz , Akhtar Faijan , . Tauheed
Published: February 2017

Superiority means excellence. It is thus a philosophy rather than a mere attribute. The difference between two substances is arbitrated by their potentials. We set certain ethics, which determine the level of acceptability. As the 78- 90% of the problems, occur due to the poor workmanship and due to the human errors. Superiority control of concrete is to limit the variability of concrete as much practicable.
A Review on Tidal Power & Its Scope in Indian Peninsular Area
Authors: Yadav Anand Prakash , Kumar Kundan , Srivastava Priyank
Published: February 2017

Now days and in the coming years, increased attention is being given to the tidal current energy development all over the world. This article is about tidal power generation. It describes tidal power and the various methods of utilizing tidal power to generate electricity. The paper focuses on the potential of this method of generating the electricity and why this could be a common way of producing electricity in the near future. It also focuses on the scope of tidal power in coastal areas of India and their comparisons.
Glacier Melting, Disaster and Awareness Programme
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Amar Bahadur
Published: February 2017

Large ice formations, like glaciers and the polar ice caps, naturally melt back a bit each summer. But, in the winter, snows, made primarily from evaporated seawater, are generally sufficient to balance out the melting. Recently, though, persistently higher temperatures caused by global warming have led to greaterthan- average summer melting as well as diminished snowfall due to later winters and earlier springs. This imbalance results in a significant net gain in runoff versus evaporation for the ocean, causing sea levels to rise. Satellite measurements tell us that over the past century, the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) has risen by 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters). However, the annual rate of rise over the past 20 years has been 0.13 inches (3.2 millimeters) a year, roughly twice the average speed of the preceding 80 years.
As with glaciers and the ice caps, increased heat is causing the massive ice sheets, that cover Greenland and Antarctica to melt at an accelerated pace. Scientists also believe ice-melt water from above and seawater from below is seeping beneath Greenland's and West Antarctica's ice sheets, effectively lubricating ice streams and causing them to move more quickly into the sea. Moreover, higher sea temperatures are causing the massive ice shelves that extend out from Antarctica to melt from below, weaken, and break off. When sea levels rise rapidly, as they have been doing, even a small increase can have devastating effect on coastal habitats. As seawater reaches farther inland, it can cause destructive erosion, flooding of wetlands, contamination of aquifers and agricultural soils, and lost habitat for fish, birds, and plants. When large storms hit land, higher sea levels mean bigger, more powerful storm surges that can strip away everything in their path.
In addition, hundreds of millions of people live in areas that will become increasingly vulnerable to flooding. Higher sea levels would force them to abandon their homes and relocate. Low-lying islands could be submerged completely. Thus, it needs launching of serious awareness programme through print media, electronic media to curb the glacier melting by reducing heavy consumption of hydrocarbon and focus on zero pollution researches to develop energy production alternatives.
Potential of Roof Top Solar Power Generation in India
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Onkar , Kumar Raghuvir , Singh Dharmendra
Published: February 2017

World's about 80% of the energy consumption is sustained by the extraction of fossil fuels, which consists of oil, coal and gas. Another non-renewable resource that is exploited by humans is subsoil minerals such as precious metals that are mainly used in the production of industrial commodities. It is only because of the increasing population and subsequent growth of materialistic attitude in human's behavior that has lead our planet to an exhaustible measure and subsequent release of harmful carbon particulate from the vehicles’ exhaust pipes also cannot be overlooked as it contains many harmful Green House Gases like: Carbon-dioxide, Carbon-monoxide, Methane etc. emerging out of Thermal Power Houses and Industries. This is also causing environmental damage and changes in the and atmosphere around earth's surface. Unfortunately, our future generation may face awful challenges for their survival due to these changes. Although, scientists and environmentalists, are seriously focusing to research an alternative energy to be helpful for the development of society and curbing the challenging climatic conditions. India being a geographically very rich pasture and has more than 10 months sun-shine (i.e. 300 days against 365 days) in a year. Thus, Solar Energy can be a better alternative in India to be exploited as a major source of Electric Power Deficit. Currently in India, Installed capacity of Power is 302087.87 MW and Generation is 104867.30 MW against Peak demand of 148166 MW (a deficit of around 45,000MW).
As an experiment in Lucknow, if an average house-hold installs 2 kWh Roof Top Solar Power Generation, it will help to generate around 2-2.50 million units (2,000-2,500MW) in a year by approx. 10 lacks existing houses in Lucknow and light additionally more than 100-150 villages with current installed capacity of power generation under Solar Green Energy Potential and without damaging Environment. Thus, Solar Roof Top Power Generation can create almost surplus power in India by the year 2020 even if 50% of houses of countrymen decide to place Solar Roof Top Panels in their houses under major awareness programme.
Role of conventional oral antidiabetic drugs in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Thakare Vaishali , Shende Shrikrishna S. , Shirure Prashant A. , Swami Onkar C.
Published: February 2017

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by insulin resistance and characterized by progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Recent innovative treatment approaches target the multiple pathophysiological defects present in type 2 diabetes. The targets for glycemic control as set by the American Diabetes Association (HbA1C<7%) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (HbA1C<6.5%) sometimes appear daunting and unattainable. It is therefore of the utmost importance to have an excellent understanding of the mechanism of action of these drugs in order to optimize patient therapy. Here, we present a corresponding discussion of all the available oral antidiabetic drugs according to the different classes, their mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles.
MRI: an update and review on bio-effects and safety considerations
Authors: Kaur Amarinder , Dhillon Naureen , Singh Simarpreet , Gambhir Ramandeep Singh
Published: February 2017

Diagnostic imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance (MR) are vital to catching signs of disease early and high quality diagnosis for treatment planning. However, some patients are unable to take advantage of its life saving capabilities. The procedures can be claustrophobic and the contraindications of MRI in patients having implants, pacemakers and also the risks associated with the use of cryogens, contrast agents etc. So this article provides an update on review on the bio effects and safety considerations for both patient and health practitioner with respect to the use of clinical MRI.
An epidemiological study of low back pain in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Mahajan Shavi , Dewan Deepika , Gupta Rajat
Published: February 2017

Background: Backache is a national, personal and clinical problem. It is experienced by most of the population at some time and is a drain on the nation’s resources. Personally, it is distressing because it can remain a major unresolved dilemma and clinically it poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 200 patients presenting with chronic low back pain, in the OPD of Post Graduate Department of Orthopaedics, Govt. Medical College, Jammu over a period of one year from November 2006 to October 2007.Results: The average age of patients was 38.39 years with slight male predominance. Majority of the patients were non-sedentary workers. In majority of the cases (58%), duration of low backache was from 3 months to 1 year with the average of 25.8 months (2.158 years). The commonest mode of presentation was low back pain with radiation to lower limbs. Seasonal variation in the intensity of pain was observed in 50% of the cases. Tenderness of the spine was the commonest physical sign. Disc degenerative disease was found to be commonest cause of low backache, being present in 72% of the cases.Conclusions: Low back pain is common in 3rd and 4th decade of life. The commonest mode of presentation was low back pain with radiation to lower limbs. Disc degenerative disease was found to be commonest cause of low backache, being present in 72% of the cases.
Morphological spectrum of gall bladder lesions and their correlation with cholelithiasis
Authors: Kaushik Rajni , Gulati Anchana , Sharma V. K.
Published: February 2017

Background: Gall stones are known to produce diversified histological changes in the gallbladder such as inflammation, metaplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia and even precursor lesions of malignancy. The aim of our study was to correlate the various histological changes in the gallbladder with the different types of gallstones (cholesterol, pigmented and mixed).Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh from July 2014 to June 2015. The age, sex distribution and the incidence of different types of gallstones was studied. The histological changes in the gallbladders were examined and its correlation with the type of gallstones was evaluated.Results: In all 1371 specimens of gall bladder were received during this period. The mean age of the patients was 44 years (age range 13-86 years) with Male: Female ratio of 1: 8.3. Out of the total 1371 cholecystectomy specimens, 1259 (91.8 %) had calculi and 112 (8.2%) were acalculus. Of the 1259 cases of calculus disease, mixed stones were observed in 840 (66.7%) patients, cholesterol stones in 289 (22.9%) and pigmented stones in 130 (10.4%) patients. Overall 1291 (94%) cases had chronic cholecystitis followed by acute cholecystitis and chronic active cholecystitis in 2% each, dysplasia in 1.5% and carcinoma cases 0.5%.Conclusions: Routine cholecystectomy performed for a common condition like gallstone disease can result in detection of diverse and wide spectrum of histopathological lesions ranging from chronic cholecystitis to carcinoma.
A comparative study on post-operative analgesic effect by intrathecal midazolam and neostigmine with control group
Authors: Dubey Rashmi , Ali Roseline , Vachhani Rashim , Baghel Nishant
Published: February 2017

Background: Pain happens to be the most common suffering during postoperative period, which is not generally effectively treated. There is good evidence in literature that addition of midazolam to spinal bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia when compared to spinal bupivacaine alone. Neostigmine represents a novel approach to providing analgesia. Recent studies showed that intrathecal administration of various doses of neostigmine produces analgesia without neurotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate analgesic effects of intrathecal Midazolam and neostigmine.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of anaesthesiology, CCM medical college, Durg Chhattisgarh, India during study period August 2015 to July 2016. The study comprised of 60 patients undergoing surgery of lower abdomen below umbilicus (T10) and lower limbs. Patients of age Group between 20-60 years of age of either sex of ASA group I and II were included in the study. Pre-anesthetic evaluation was done prior to surgery. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 patients each. Data was compiled in MS excel and checked for its completeness and correctness, then it was analyzed.Results: Mean age in Group I was 39.3+1.5 years. in Group II was 37.8±11.7 years, in Group III was 42.2±13.7 years. In group I maximum 14 patients (70%) had analgesia of less than 4 hours. Mean duration of analgesia was 3.73±0.87 hours. In group II maximum 18 patients (90%) had analgesia 4-8 hours. The mean duration of analgesia was 6.34±1.28 hours. In group III 10 patients (50%) had analgesia of 4-8 hours and 10 patients (50%) had analgesia of 8-12 hours. The mean duration was 8.35±1.36. The difference in VAS score in group in group I and group III is significant. There was no statistically significant change in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Pulse rate & respiratory rate attributable to intrathecal Midazolam and neostigmine.Conclusions: Addition of preservative free midazolam to inteathecal bupivacaine prolongs duration of effective analgesia as compared to bupivacaine alone without any side effects. Addition of preservative free neostigmine to intrathecal bupivacaine prolongs duration of effective analgesia and sensory and motor block without any significant side effects.
Pattern of hand injuries reported in a tertiary care setting of North India
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Mahajan Shavi , Dewan Deepika , Gupta Rajat
Published: February 2017

Background: Hand injuries are very common in this industrialized world. Significant number of patients report every day to the emergency department with various patterns of hand injuries. It is important to understand these patterns in order to plan proper management and develop safety protocols aimed at preventing these injuries.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 150 patients presenting with Open hand injuries, in the OPD and emergency of Post Graduate Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of one year from January 2010 to December 2010.Results: Out of 150 cases 131(87.33%) were males and 19 (12.67%) were females. The commonest age group affected was 21-30 years (34%) followed by 11-20 years (23%). Maximum injuries 90 (60%) occurred in the time interval from 4 pm to midnight. Majority of patients 67 (45%) sustained injury while at work.  Occupation-wise 37 (25%) patients were unskilled workers, mainly laborers, 35 (23%) were farmers, while the remainder belonged to various other professions. In this series machine injuries, assault and road traffic accidents accounted for most injuries, representing 61 (41%), 25 (17%) and 16 (11%) patients respectively. Traumatic amputation (30%) was the most common injury. The index (21%) and middle (21%) fingers were involved more commonly. Tendon injuries (31%) were more frequent than compound fractures (23%).  Conclusions: Hand trauma predominantly affects young males who have occupational exposure to different machines. A proper understanding of the pattern of injury will help in better management.
Effect of pregnancy on median and ulnar nerve conduction
Authors: Motewar Sapana S. , Bachewar Narendra P.
Published: February 2017

Background: Pregnancy causes altered function of excitable membranes such as muscle and nerve, due to hormonal changes and edema. We failed to find any studies focusing on the issue of nerve conduction during pregnancy, in India. Thus present study aims to see the difference between nerve conduction parameters viz. motor and sensory conduction, in pregnant and non-pregnant women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in randomly selected 30 pregnant women, of any age, in 28-40 weeks of gestation and age matched non-pregnant controls. We studied distal motor latency, compound muscle action potential amplitude, motor nerve conduction velocity, F-minimum latency, sensory latency, sensory nerve action potential amplitude and sensory nerve conduction velocity in bilateral median and ulnar nerves using Aleron-RMS.Results: Present study found no statistically significant difference between motor and sensory conduction of above said nerves in pregnant and nonpregnant women, except F minimum latency of left median nerve in pregnant women and sensory latency of left ulnar nerve in non-pregnant women were prolonged significantly (p<0.05).Conclusions: All motor and sensory parameters of bilateral median and ulnar nerves were normal as compared to non-pregnant controls.
Non-invasive markers for prediction of varices in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Chandail Vijant Singh , Kotwal Suman Kumar , Koul Shanky , Gupta Rajesh , Mahajan Annil
Published: February 2017

Background: The incidence of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis ranges from 35 to 80%. Thus, screening all cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy to detect the presence of varices implies a number of unnecessary endoscopies, which increase the workload of endoscopy units and UGI endoscopy has its own limitations. The present study was conducted to investigate series of non-invasive biochemical and radiological markers for prediction of esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension.Methods: Patients of either sex, aged 18-80 years with diagnosis of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction or any other cause of portal hypertension were studied. Patients were subjected to UGI endoscopy within 2 weeks of investigation of laboratory parameters. All patients were subjected to detailed clinical history and physical examination and biochemical and radiological investigations. Endoscopy was done with an olympus gastroscope using 20% xylocaine spray.Results: Out of 51 patients in the study, esophageal varices were seen in 34 (66.67%) patients and absent in 17 (33.33%) patients. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the variables independently linked to the presence of esophageal varices were; spleen diameter [odds ratio (OR): 1.137, 95% confidence interval: 1.033-1.255; p=0.009] and Portal vein size [odds ratio (OR): 41.531, 95% confidence interval: 1.858-928.304; p=0.019].Conclusions: Non-invasive prediction for varices by biochemical and radiological methods are reliable methods for screening of cirrhotics patients because of increasing patient overload, when a major chunk of these patients do not show any evidence of varice.