bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Phenolic, Melatonin, Sugar Contents and Antioxidant Capacity, Depending on Ripening Stage in Different Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Fruits
Authors: Uğur Yılmaz , Zengin Rukiye , Ernim Cemil , Günhan Zeynep İrem , Şalva Emine , Erdoğan Selim
Published: February 2024

Cornelian cherry (CC) is a source of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, melatonin and, vitamin C and used as traditional food and in folk medicine. In this study, we analyzed and compared the variation of some bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in CC fruits depending on ripening and genotype. CC fruit was sampled at different ripening times (unripe, semi‐ripe and ripe) and the contents of sugars, vitamin C, melatonin and phenolic compounds were analysed by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography (UFLC‐PDA). The results showed that the fruits at the unripe samples had a significantly higher chemical components and antioxidant capacity. Chlorogenic acid, catechin, gallic acid and rutin were the four major phenolic compounds identified in all genotypes. Melatonin concentration of unripe fruits was found to be high in all genotypes (ranged from 1664.78–114.60 ng/mL) and a decrease was detected in ripe fruits. Significant increases in vitamin C and individual sugar contents (glucose and fructose) occurred with advancing maturity. The highest vitamin C concentration was determined as 77.38 mg/100 g during the full ripening period. Antioxidant capacity results determined by both methods showed a decreasing tendency with the ripening of the fruits. Concerning antioxidant activity, DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity were maximal at unripe in all CC genotpes. During the development and maturity periods of fruits, important physiological and biochemical changes occured that affect antioxidant capacity, nutritional and chemical composition.
The RSM‐CCD Optimization of Fenton Process for Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Determination of Treatment Efficiency Using Some Biochemical Responses in Dreissena polymorpha
Authors: Tanyol Mehtap , Serdar Osman , Ketenalp Zozan , Yildirim Nuran Cikcikoglu , Erguven Gokhan Onder , Yildirim Numan
Published: February 2024

The study investigated antioxidant biomarkers in Dreissena polymorpha to evaluate the efficiency of Fenton process (FP) in Organized Industrial Zone Wastewater (OIZW) treatment. Antioxidant enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), non‐enzymatic antioxidants (GSH) and the indicator of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were measured in D. polymorpha in response to treated OIZW by FP. The performance of the FP has been optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions (reaction time, and H2O2 and Fe2+ concentration) for OIZW by the FP process were determined. The results showed that the highest COD removal efficiency (83.94 %) was obtained when as Fe2+ concentration=402.35 mg/L, H2O2 concentration=4100.30 mg/L, and reaction time=10.10 min (desirability=1.000). SOD and CAT enzyme was decreased in the 1/25 diluted OIZW group compared to control group. CAT and SOD enzyme activities were increased after treatment compared to control groups. No statistically significant changes were observed in GSH levels and GPx activities. TBARS levels were increased 1/25 diluted OIZW exposure groups compared to the control group. TBARS levels were decreased after treatment. The results revealed that antioxidant parameters are useful biomarkers for determining the treatment efficiency of the FP.
Metal‐free regioselective selenylation of β‐napthol derivatives promoted by trichloroisocyanuric acid
Authors: Blödorn Gustavo B. , Oliveira Ingrid C. , Roehrs Juliano A. , Silva Márcio S. , Alves Diego
Published: February 2024

A new approach for synthesizing selenylated naphthalene derivatives is described herein, employing trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as the oxidizing agent. The developed protocol yielded 18 compounds, with yields ranging from 32 % to 90 %. Additionally, the reaction was conducted under mild conditions, utilizing ethanol as the solvent at room temperature, demonstrating good atom economy. The key aspect of the protocol is the in situ generation of electrophilic selenium species through the reaction of diorganyl diselenides and TCCA.
Product digitization and differentiation strategy change: Evidence from the book publishing industry
Authors: Miller Cameron D. , Wang Richard D.
Published: February 2024

Research Summary

We study product digitization as an impetus for firm strategy change. Product digitization can erode a firm's ability to differentiate through physical product attributes and prompts them to increase emphasis on nonphysical product attributes to sustain their competitive advantage. We expect this effect is pronounced among firms that have pursued a physical differentiation strategy prior to the digital age. However, we expect that countervailing forces exist such that the internal supply cost of and the external market demand for the nonphysical differentiator mitigate this effect. Evidence from publishers in the Amazon Kindle e‐book ecosystem supports our hypotheses. This study bridges the growing digital strategy literature and the classical competitive strategy literature. We discuss how our findings are relevant to a range of industries.

Managerial Summary

Many companies invest in superior physical product attributes to increase a customer's willingness‐to‐pay and entice purchase. However, when products become digitized—such as music streaming displacing CDs or e‐books replacing printed books—the effectiveness of physical product differentiation is diminished. We examine how book publishers manage this challenge at the advent of Amazon's Kindle e‐book technology. We find that publishers that have emphasized physical product attributes turn to emphasizing nonphysical product differentiation, namely, through offering more content. Yet, the extent of the strategy change is limited by the internal development cost of and the external demand for the nonphysical differentiator. We discuss how our findings are relevant to a range of settings, including both product and service companies.
Optimizing Iodine Enrichment through Induced‐Fit Transformations in a Flexible Ag(I)‐Organic Framework: From Accelerated Adsorption Kinetics to Record‐High Storage Density
Authors: Xiao Cao , Tian Jindou , Jiang Feilong , Yuan Daqiang , Chen Qihui , Hong Maochun
Published: February 2024

Efficient capture and storage of radioactive I2 is a prerequisite for developing nuclear power but remains a challenge. Here, two flexible Ag‐MOFs (FJI‐H39 and 40) with similar active sites but different pore sizes and flexibility are prepared; both of them can capture I2 with excellent removal efficiencies and high adsorption capacities. Due to the more flexible pores, FJI‐H39 not only possesses the record‐high I2 storage density among all the reported MOFs but also displays a very fast adsorption kinetic (124 times faster than FJI‐H40), while their desorption kinetics are comparable. Mechanistic studies show that FJI‐H39 can undergo induced‐fit transformations continuously (first contraction then expansion), making the adsorbed iodine species enrich near the Ag(I) nodes quickly and orderly, from discrete I− anion to the dense packing of various iodine species, achieving the very fast adsorption kinetic and the record‐high storage density simultaneously. However, no significant structural transformations caused by the adsorbed iodine are observed in FJI‐H40. In addition, FJI‐H39 has excellent stability/recyclability/obtainability, making it a practical adsorbent for radioactive I2. This work provides a useful method for synthesizing practical radioactive I2 adsorbents.
Stabilizing 4.6 V LiCoO2 via Er and Mg Trace Doping at Li‐Site and Co‐Site Respectively
Authors: Xia Jing , Zhang Na , Yi Ding , Lu Fei , Yang Yijun , Wang Xi , Wang Yonggang
Published: February 2024

Charging LiCoO2 to high voltages yields alluring specific capacities, yet the deleterious phase‐transitions lead to significant capacity degradation. Herein, this study demonstrates a novel strategy to stabilize LiCoO2 at 4.6 V by doping with Er and Mg at the Li‐site and Co‐site, respectively, which is different from the traditional method of doping foreign elements solely at the Co‐site. Theoretical calculations and experiments jointly reveal that the inclusion of Mg2+‐dopants at the Co‐site curbs the hexagonal‐monoclinic phase transitions ≈4.2 V. However, this unintentionally compromises the stability of lattice oxygen in LiCoO2, exacerbating the undesired phase transition (O3 to H1‐3) above 4.45 V. Fascinatingly, the introduction of Er3+‐dopants into Li‐sites enhances the stability of lattice oxygen in LiCoO2, effectively mitigating phase transitions above 4.45 V. Therefore, the Er, Mg co‐doped LiCoO2 exhibits high stability over 500 cycles when tested in a half‐cell with a cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V. Furthermore, the Er, Mg‐doped LiCoO2//graphite pouch‐type full cell demonstrates a high energy density of 310.8 Wh kg−1, preserving 91.3% of its energy over 100 cycles.
Bottom Deposition Enables Stable All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , Cho Sungjin , Choi Hyunbeen , Kim Sungho , Jeong Insu , Lee Yubin , Choi Taesun , Bae Hongyeul , Kim Jin Hong , Park Soojin
Published: February 2024

Modern strides in energy storage underscore the significance of all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) predicated on solid electrolytes and lithium (Li) metal anodes in response to the demand for safer batteries. Nonetheless, ASSBs are often beleaguered by non‐uniform Li deposition during cycling, leading to compromised cell performance from internal short circuits and hindered charge transfer. In this study, the concept of “bottom deposition” is introduced to stabilize metal deposition based on the lithiophilic current collector and a protective layer composed of a polymeric binder and carbon black. The bottom deposition, wherein Li plating ensues between the protective layer and the current collector, circumvents internal short circuits and facilitates uniform volumetric changes of Li. The prepared functional binder for the protective layer presents outstanding mechanical robustness and adhesive properties, which can withstand the volume expansion caused by metal growth. Furthermore, its excellent ion transfer properties promote uniform Li bottom deposition even under a current density of 6 mA·cm−2. Also, scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals a consistent plating/stripping morphology of Li after cycling. Consequently, the proposed system exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance when assessed within the ASSB framework, operating under a configuration marked by a high Li utilization rate reliant on an ultrathin Li.
Crystalline‐Amorphous Interfaces Engineering of CoO‐InOx for Highly Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to CO
Authors: Lang Xianzhen , Guo Weiwei , Fang Zijian , Xie Guixian , Mei Guoliang , Duan Zongxia , Liu Doudou , Zhai Yanling , Lu Xiaoquan
Published: February 2024

As a fundamental product of CO2 conversion through two‐electron transfer, CO is used to produce numerous chemicals and fuels with high efficiency, which has broad application prospects. In this work, it has successfully optimized catalytic activity by fabricating an electrocatalyst featuring crystalline‐amorphous CoO‐InOx interfaces, thereby significantly expediting CO production. The 1.21%CoO‐InOx consists of randomly dispersed CoO crystalline particles among amorphous InOx nanoribbons. In contrast to the same‐phase structure, the unique CoO‐InOx heterostructure provides plentiful reactive crystalline‐amorphous interfacial sites. The Faradaic efficiency of CO (FECO) can reach up to 95.67% with a current density of 61.72 mA cm−2 in a typical H‐cell using MeCN containing 0.5 M 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF6) as the electrolyte. Comprehensive experiments indicate that CoO‐InOx interfaces with optimization of charge transfer enhance the double‐layer capacitance and CO2 adsorption capacity. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the regulating of the electronic structure at interfacial sites not only optimizes the Gibbs free energy of *COOH intermediate formation but also inhibits HER, resulting in high selectivity toward CO.
Point‐shear wave elastography generated by acoustic radiation force impulse in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Wekerle Maximilian , Murillo Katharina , vonBoscamp Manuel , Hauber Veronika , Ebert Matthias P. , Antoni Christoph , Hirth Michael
Published: February 2024

Background

Transcutaneous point‐shear wave elastography (p‐SWE) performed using an acoustic radiation force impulse can be used to quantify pancreatic stiffness in chronic pancreatitis (CP). We aimed to evaluate its usefulness to diagnose and monitor CP.

Methods

175 participants were included in this prospective study including patients with CP (n = 65), liver cirrhosis (LC; n = 60), alcohol abuse (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 40). Point‐shear wave elastography of the pancreas was performed and quantified as median shear wave velocity (SWV). In the same way, p‐SWE of the spleen served as a marker of portal hypertension. The M‐ANNHEIM Severity score was used as global marker for disease activity in CP.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, pancreatic SWV was significantly elevated in CP (1.38 vs. 0.96 m/s; p < 0.0001, MWU‐test). Pancreatic SWV was increased in alcoholic CP but not in hereditary CP. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed 1.2 m/s as the optimal cut‐off to identify non‐heredity‐CP subjects (90% specificity; 81% sensitivity; 92% positive predictive value). Pancreatic SWV correlated significantly with the M‐ANNHEIM Severity score, severity of CP‐typical complications (both p < 0.05, linear regression analysis), morphological changes of the pancreas and need for hospital treatment (both p < 0.05, MWU‐test) but not with exocrine or endocrine insufficiency. Pancreatic SWV >1.7 m/s was identified to predict M‐ANNHEIM Severity score ≥11 points. Pancreatic SWV was also elevated in LC (1.42 m/s; p < 0.001), correlating with increased splenic SWV.

Conclusion

Transcutaneous pancreatic p‐SWE represents a bedside, cost‐effective and non‐invasive tool which adds valuable information to the process of diagnosing and monitoring CP. By portal hypertension, an increased pancreatic SWV must be expected.
Active allyship: what is it and why does it matter to the veterinary profession?
Authors: Hunter Tobias
Published: February 2024

A workplace where every member of the team feels valued and as if they belong will be a successful one says Tobias Hunter – and upping the allyship and addressing microaggressions is a good place to start.
Preparation and properties of recycled polypropylene‐based wood–plastic composites reinforced with a bio‐based compatibilizer
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Ye Liangdong , Li Dacheng , Wei Qiaoyan , Yu Chuanheng , Lu Shaorong
Published: February 2024

Wood‐plastic composites are green composites made of plastic as the matrix and wood as the filler; however, the incompatibility between these two leads to the degradation of the composites. This paper reports the synthesis of a novel bio‐based compatibilizer, annotated as OA‐g‐H20, by grafting oleic acid (OA) on a hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H20). The effect of modifying recycled polypropylene‐based wood–plastic composites with this compatibilizer was then assessed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography techniques were employed to characterize the fabricated OA‐g‐H20, while its modification effect was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical property tests. The experimental results revealed that the optimal addition amount of OA‐g‐H20 was 2.0 wt.%.

Highlights

A new bio‐based compatibilizer, OA‐g‐H20, for wood–plastic composites is reported.

OA‐g‐H20 was obtained by grafting oleic acid on a hyperbranched polyester (H20).

OA‐g‐H20 provided good mechanical reinforcement for the wood–plastic composites.

OA‐g‐H20 improved the crystallinity of the composites.

The reinforcement mechanism of OA‐g‐H20 in wood–plastic composites is elucidated.
The Tripartite System: A Key in Polycentric Risk Governance: Lessons from Norwegian Offshore Industry
Authors: Lindøe Preben H.
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents the Norwegian tripartite system within a polycentric perspective. Developing multiple arenas among the parties has been a crucial factor in developing a mechanism for learning and adaptation within the regulatory regime. In the face of internal disturbance, new technology, and changes in the socio-economic environment, the regime has developed its capacity to enrol new actors and redefine their roles and behaviour.
Vorwort
Authors: Schuck-Zöller Susanne , Brasseur Guy P. , Jacob Daniela
Published: February 2024

Diese nationale Untersuchung stellt auch in dieser überarbeiteten und erweiterten Neuauflage den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Klimawandel für alle Themenbereiche und gesellschaftlichen Sektoren dar. Über 200 Beteiligte (Autorinnen und Autoren sowie reviewers) aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum äußern sich zu Themen wie bereits beobachtete sowie zukünftige Veränderungen, Wetterkatastrophen und deren Folgen. Erwartungen für die Zukunft, Chancen und Risiken sowie mögliche Anpassungsstrategien werden greifbar, offene Fragestellungen benannt. Ein neues Kapitel zu Minderungs- und Null-Emissions-Strategien zeigt weitere mögliche Auswege aus der Situation auf.
Dürren und Waldbrände unter Klimawandel
Authors: Marx Andreas , Blauhut Veit , Boeing Friedrich , Forkel Matthias , Hagenlocher Michael , Herbst Mathias , Hoffmann Peter , Kuhlicke Christian , Kumar Rohini , de Brito Mariana Madruga , Samaniego Luis , Thonicke Kirsten , Ziese Markus
Published: February 2024

Klimarelevante Naturgefahren sind auf vielfältige Faktoren zurückzuführen, deren Zusammenwirken in der Gesamtheit betrachtet werden muss. Die vorbereitenden, auslösenden und kontrollierenden Faktoren werden in unterschiedlichster Weise vom Klimawandel beeinflusst. Der Beitrag beschreibt verschiedene Arten von Dürren und damit verbundene Folgen und Risiken. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit Waldbrände tatsächlich ausschließlich dem Klimawandel zuzuschreiben sind, wie sich der Trend bei Waldbränden in der Vergangenheit darstellt und wie sich der Klimawandel in Zukunft auf die Häufigkeit von Waldbränden auswirken könnte.
Wasserhaushalt im Klimawandel
Authors: Kunstmann Harald , Fröhle Peter , Hattermann Fred F. , Marx Andreas , Smiatek Gerhard , Wanger Christian
Published: February 2024

Wasser ist für den Menschen und seine Umwelt von zentraler Bedeutung. Seine jahreszeitliche Verfügbarkeit prägt Ökosysteme wie auch Kulturen und Gesellschaften. Die Herausforderung, zu viel, zu wenig oder zu schmutziges Wasser zu bewältigen, begleitet den Menschen seit Jahrtausenden. Mit der globalen Klimaänderung verändert sich auch der Wasserkreislauf, insbesondere die Quelle erneuerbaren Süßwassers, nämlich der Niederschlag. Grund ist die mit der globalen Erwärmung einhergehende Intensivierung des Wasserkreislaufs, die zu vergrößerten atmosphärischen Energieumsätzen führt. Aufgrund der Wechselwirkung von Atmosphärendynamik und Landoberflächen sind so in manchen Regionen heftigere Niederschläge, in anderen Regionen aber entgegengesetzte Extreme, wie längere und häufigere Trockenperioden und Dürren, möglich. Die Abschätzung der zukünftigen räumlichen und zeitlichen Verteilung der terrestrischen Wasserverfügbarkeit gehört zu den zentralen wissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts.
Wald und Forstwirtschaft im Klimawandel
Authors: Köhl Michael , Gutsch Martin , Lasch-Born Petra , Müller Michael , Plugge Daniel , Reyer Christopher P. O.
Published: February 2024

In der Vergangenheit haben sich Wälder an die geringen Veränderungen des am Wuchsort herrschenden Klimas angepasst. Die gegenwärtige Geschwindigkeit des Klimawandels in Verbindung mit der aktuellen Verteilung der Baumarten überfordert jedoch die natürliche Anpassungsfähigkeit. Vegetationszonen, Verbreitungsgebiete der Baumarten und Artzusammensetzung der Wälder verschieben sich. Das Kapitel charakterisiert die Folgen, die der Klimawandel für die Wälder mit sich bringt, stellt Schadfaktoren im Einzelnen vor und schildert die Auswirkungen auf die Produktivität. Darüber hinaus wird detailliert auf die Rolle des Waldes als Kohlenstoffspeicher eingegangen, denn Wälder produzieren nicht nur den nachwachsenden Rohstoff Holz, sondern sie leisten auch viel für die Umwelt und wirken ausgleichend auf das Klima. Auch mögliche Anpassungsoptionen werden dargestellt.
Klimawandel und Tourismus
Authors: Lohmann Martin , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: February 2024

Für den Tourismus haben Klima und Wetter eine große Relevanz als Angebotsfaktor wie auch als Treiber des Verhaltens der Reisenden. Klimatische Faktoren sind sowohl Bestandteil des touristischen Angebotes als auch limitierende Faktoren des Tourismus und Steuergrößen für die touristische Nachfrage. Insofern liegt es nahe, dass dieser Sektor vom Klimawandel betroffen sein wird. Der Tourismus ist aber auch ein Faktor, der seinerseits erheblich auf das Klima und den Klimawandel wirkt. Das Kapitel widmet sich den Klimawandelfolgen im Tourismus und illustriert diese beispielhaft an den Regionen „Küsten“ sowie „Mittel- und Hochgebirge“. Allerdings ist der Klimawandel nur einer von vielen voneinander abhängigen Einflussfaktoren, denen der Sektor Tourismus ausgesetzt ist. Die Nachfrageseite zeigt sich im Tourismus sehr flexibel und anpassungsfähig. Eine einfache Zuordnung einer Klimawandelfolge zu einer konkreten Folge im Tourismus erscheint in diesem komplexen Wirkungsgefüge deswegen in nur wenigen Fällen möglich.
Emerging Trends in Cities of Tomorrow
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: February 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes a range of technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and biosensors, is already underway and is rapidly changing the way we live. While many of the technologies being implemented are unquestionably useful, the rate at which this transformation is occurring as well as the impacts many of these technologies are having on privacy and security is of great concern. The cities of the future will increasingly depend on these new technologies to provide services to all citizens. Emerging technologies offer opportunities for inclusive and accessible urban environments, but ongoing dialogue and collaboration between different stakeholders is necessary to ensure that the future of cities is equitable for all. For this transformation to be successful, governments need to monitor and assess the impact of emerging technologies on citizens, particularly those with disabilities and those most at risk of exclusion. Targeted universalism is an approach that aims to achieve universal goals through targeted interventions, taking into account the specific needs of each group while maintaining a universal policy goal. This approach considers both specialized and universal goals and measures progress that is customized for each community in order to advance equity and social development objectives.
The Era of the New Normal
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: February 2024

Leading smart cities are transforming their urban planning processes by building inclusion and access into their city-wide master plans. This is resulting in cities that are more accessible, inclusive, and resilient. A key factor in this journey is the adoption of key principles of resilience in their decision-making and planning processes: reflection, resourcefulness, inclusivity, integration, robustness, redundancy, and flexibility. Inclusivity is crucial in building resilience as cities need to prioritize broad consultation and create a sense of shared ownership in decision-making to ensure the needs and perspectives of all members of the community are taken into account. This is complemented by the use of human-rights based regulatory frameworks, agile regulatory structures, collaboration with civil society organizations, and continuous learning, training, and upskilling. Cities should reflect on past experiences to inform future decisions. Universal Design principles can also enhance the effectiveness of radical inclusion efforts. The practice of Universal Design has expanded greatly to include policy, social participation, and health and wellness. The ultimate success of these initiatives is also largely dependent on the ability of cities to effectively adopt and integrate technologies in a way that supports the needs of all citizens.
Adverse events after surgery for injuries to the subaxial cervical spine: analysis of incidence and risk factors
Authors: Raisch Philipp , Pflästerer Jan , Kreinest Michael , Vetter Sven Y. , Grützner Paul A. , Jung Matthias K.
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To determine the incidence of severe surgical adverse events (sSAE) after surgery of patients with subaxial cervical spine injury (sCS-Fx) and to identify patient, treatment, and injury-related risk factors.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological data of sCS-Fx patients treated surgically between 2010 and 2020 at a single national trauma center. Baseline characteristics of demographic data, preexisting conditions, treatment, and injury morphology were extracted. Incidences of sSAEs within 60 days after surgery were analyzed. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression for the occurrence of one or more sSAEs were performed to identify risk factors. P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-two patients were included. At least one sSAE occurred in 49 patients (16.8%). Most frequent were sSAEs of the surgical site (wound healing disorder, infection, etc.) affecting 29 patients (9.9%). Independent potential risk factors in logistic regression were higher age (OR 1.02 [1.003–1.04], p = .022), the presence of one or more modifiers in the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification (OR 2.02 [1.03–3.96], p = .041), and potentially unstable or unstable facet injury (OR 2.49 [1.24–4.99], p = .010). Other suspected risk factors were not statistically significant, among these Injury Severity Score, the need for surgery for concomitant injuries, the primary injury type according to AO Spine, and preexisting medical conditions.

Conclusion

sSAE rates after treatment of sCS-Fx are high. The identified risk factors are not perioperatively modifiable, but their knowledge should guide intra and postoperative care and surgical technique.
Telemedizinische Narkoseaufklärung – Sind Patienten bereit dafür?
Authors: Follmann A. , Wienhold J. , Arnolds A. , Derwall M. , Rossaint R. , Czaplik M.
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Die umfassende Narkosevorbereitung mittels Anamnese und körperlicher Untersuchung gilt als essenzieller Bestandteil der Qualitätskriterien für eine Narkose. Allerdings ist eine Narkosevorbereitung in der Klinik häufig mit langen Wartezeiten in der Anästhesie-Ambulanz verbunden. Zudem sind regelhaft Wiedervorstellungen aufgrund von fehlenden oder noch ausstehenden Befunden erforderlich. Besonders im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie schien die Implementierung von Telemedizin im präoperativen Setting der Anästhesiologie vielversprechend und sinnvoll.

Ziel der Arbeit

Diese vergleichende Querschnittstudie soll über eine Patientenbefragung aufzeigen, für welche Patientengruppen eine telemedizinische Narkosevorbereitung geeignet ist, und welche technischen Rahmenbedingungen auf Patientenseite vorhanden sind.

Material und Methoden

Hierzu wurden anhand eines Fragebogens insgesamt 2080 Patienten (1030 vor, 1050 während der Pandemie) befragt. Für „matched-pairs“-Analysen (Paaranalysen) wurden 630 Paare entsprechend ihres Alters und Geschlechts gebildet.

Ergebnisse

Während der Pandemie nutzten deutlich mehr Patienten die Möglichkeit der Videotelefonie in ihrem Alltag (30,4 % vs. 41,8 %). Vor der Pandemie bewerteten 31,7 % der Patienten die Videotelefonie als praktische und geeignete Methode für ein Aufklärungsgespräch. Nach der Pandemie stieg diese Zahl der Patienten, die gegenüber einer Videotelefonie aufgeschlossenen sind, auf 46,6 % an. Für die Mehrheit der Patienten war der persönliche Kontakt zu einem Anästhesisten vor Ort wichtig (80,7 % vor vs. 67,4 % nach der Pandemie). Die Zahl der Patienten, die über die notwendige technische Ausstattung für eine Videokommunikation verfügten, stieg ebenfalls infolge der COVID-19-Pandemie (50,4 % vs. 58,2 %).

Diskussion

Fast die Hälfte der Patienten scheint bereits heute einer telemedizinischen Narkoseaufklärung offen gegenüberzustehen. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass in Zukunft auch ältere Menschen zunehmend die für eine telemedizinische Narkosevorbereitung erforderliche Technik sowie die erforderliche technische Kompetenz besitzen werden. Bei der Implementierung einer telemedizinischen Narkosevorbereitung sollte die Nutzerakzeptanz zentrales Ziel der Konzeptentwicklung sein. Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien können die Potenziale belegen und mögliche Probleme aufzeigen.
Minimally invasive surgical approach in children treated for oesophageal atresia is associated with attention problems at school age: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Hal Anne-Fleur R. L. , Vlot John , van Rosmalen Joost , Wijnen René M. H. , van Gils-Frijters Annabel P. J. M. , Gischler Saskia J. , Staals Lonneke M. , IJsselstijn Hanneke , Rietman André B.
Published: February 2024

The long-term neurodevelopment of children born with oesophageal atresia (OA) is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the neurocognitive domains and their predictors. Patients born with OA between February 2006 and December 2014, who were routinely seen at eight years as part of a structured prospective longitudinal follow-up program, were included. Main outcome measures were need for school support, performance in various neurocognitive domains and potential predictors of neurocognitive problems. We analysed data of 65 children with a mean (SD) age of 8.1 (0.2) years, of whom 89% with OA type C. Thirty-five (54%) surgical corrections were minimally invasive; the median (interquartile range) duration of exposure to anaesthetics in the first 24 months was 398 (296 – 710) minutes. Forty-four (68%) attended regular education without extra support and intelligence was within normal range (99–108). More than 50% had z-scores ≤ -2 on one or more neurocognitive domains, of which attention was the most frequently affected domain. The speed on the sustained attention task was significantly below normal (z-score -1.48 (2.12),p < .001), as was fluctuation of sustained attention (z-score -3.19 (3.80),p < .001). The minimally invasive approach and a lower socio-economic status (bothp = 0.006) proved significant predictors for sustained attention problems in multivariable analyses.

  Conclusion: Children who undergo minimally invasive surgery for OA correction are at risk for sustained attention problems at school age. Future studies unravelling the effects of perioperative events on neurodevelopment should lead to optimal surgical, anaesthesiological, and intensive care management in the neonatal period.What is Known:• School-aged children born with oesophageal atresia have normal intelligence but problems with sustained attention at eight years.What is New:• Oesophageal atresia patients, who undergo minimally invasive surgery or who have a background of lower socioeconomic status are at serious risk for sustained attention problems at school age.• Moreover, those who have been intubated for a longer period are at risk for stronger fluctuations in sustained attention.
External validation of a red cell-based blood prognostic score in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations
Authors: Maffezzoli Michele , Santoni Matteo , Mazzaschi Giulia , Rodella Sara , Lai Eleonora , Maruzzo Marco , Basso Umberto , Bimbatti Davide , Iacovelli Roberto , Anghelone Annunziato , Fiala Ondřej , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Fornarini Giuseppe , Lolli Cristian , Massari Francesco , Rosellini Matteo , Mollica Veronica , Nasso Cecilia , Acunzo Alessandro , Silini Enrico Maria , Quaini Federico , De Filippo Massimo , Brunelli Matteo , Banna Giuseppe L. , Rescigno Pasquale , Signori Alessio , Buti Sebastiano
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapy combinations with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had significantly improved outcomes of patients with mRCC. Predictive and prognostic factors are crucial to improve patients’ counseling and management. The present study aimed to externally validate the prognostic value of a previously developed red cell-based score, including hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW), in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI). We performed a sub-analysis of a multicentre retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the correlation between the red cell-based score and progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression were used to estimate the correlation between the score and the objective response rate (ORR). The prognostic impact of the red cell-based score on PFS and OS was confirmed in the whole population regardless of the immunotherapy combination used [median PFS (mPFS): 17.4 vs 8.2 months, HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47–0.94; median OS (mOS): 42.0 vs 17.3 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.92; p < 0.001 for both]. We validated the prognostic significance of the red cell-based score in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations. The score is easy to use in daily clinical practice and it might improve patient counselling.
Predicting myopic changes in children wearing glasses using the Plusoptix photoscreener
Authors: Guimaraes Sandra , Vieira Maria João , Boas José Miguel Vilas
Published: February 2024

Introduction

With high increase in myopia prevalence, we aimed to assess whether Plusoptix_A09 can be used in myopic children over spectacles to predict visual acuity (VA) and myopic refraction changes.

Methods

Myopic children underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. Plusoptix_A09 was performed over spectacles. VA changes, refraction changes and time since previous glasses prescription, were determined. Age, current or past history of amblyopia, presence of strabismus and self-perception of VA changes were registered.

Results

In total, 199 patients were included. Spherical power (SP) and spherical equivalent (SE) measured by Plusoptix_A09 over spectacles predicted both VA changes (p < 0.001) and refraction changes (p < 0.001). Values of SP < − 0.06D or SE < − 0.22D indicated a VA decrease (AUC > 0.9, p < 0.01) for sensitivity and specificity of 85.1%, 82.1% and 82.6%, 83.3%, respectively. Age and ophthalmological comorbidities did not influence Plusoptix_A09 measurements (p > 0.05). Plusoptix_A09 over spectacles was a stronger predictor of VA changes when compared to children's self-perception, either in 4–9-year-old patients (p < 0.001 versus p = 0.628) and in 10–18-year-old children (OR <  = 0.066 versus OR = 0.190). A decrease in SP and SE of − 0.10D in Plusoptix_A09 predicted a myopia progression of − 0.04D and − 0.05D, respectively.

Conclusion/Relevance

This study unveiled new features for the Plusoptix, a worldwide available photoscreener used in
amblyopia screening. When Plusoptix is performed in children with their glasses on, it can rapidly predict myopia progression.
For each decrease of − 0.10D in Plusoptix, a myopia progression of -0.05D is expected. Moreover, Plusoptix is more reliable
than children's self-perception of visual acuity changes, making it a useful tool either in primary care or ophthalmology
practice
Zet in op reproductieve gezondheid voor gezonde generaties
Authors: Schleiffert Hans , van der Velpen Paul , Rijlaarsdam Connie W. , van Doorm Mirjam Sombroek , van Hellemondt Rachèl , Steegers Eric A. P.
Published: February 2024

Samenvatting

Vanuit goede bescherming tegen een zwangerschap kan iemand zich goed voorbereiden op een zwangerschap. Een kader van reproductieve gezondheid vanuit het levensloopperspectief van de mens geeft richting aan beleid en praktijk om daar integraal verantwoordelijkheid voor te nemen. Wanneer iedereen zich vanuit een bewuste keuze op tijd kan beschermen tegen een zwangerschap of zich daar bewust op kan voorbereiden wordt het mogelijk het aantal onbedoelde en ongewenste zwangerschappen te verminderen, de gezondheid en kansen van pasgeborenen te vergroten en zo gezondheidsverschillen te verkleinen. Het streven naar gezonde generaties in 2040 vraagt daarmee om een duurzame aanpak van reproductieve gezondheidszorg met wettelijke borging in de Wet publieke gezondheid.
Distribution of Iron and Boron Between Silicon Metal Smelting Products in Industrial Saf using Borate Fluxes
Authors: Ilin Alexandr Alexandrovich , Zobnin Nikolay Nikolayevich , Pikalova Irina Anatolyevna , Nemchinova Nina Vladimirovna
Published: February 2024

The article identifies the key sources of iron and boron impurities entering silicon metal under industrial smelting conditions in Submerged arc furnace (SAF). Impurity rocks in the composition of quartz, the main raw material for the production of silicon metal, were studied using the X-ray fluorescence method, and their visual classification was carried out. It has been established that the energy of secondary characteristic x-ray radiation (CXR) for boron and iron contained in the feedstock is 3.1 and 6.3 keV, respectively. A relationship was found between the intensity of CXR pulses and the concentration of iron and boron impurities. The features of the distribution of these elements between metallurgical phases (silicon metal, slag and gas phase) when used in the smelting process with and without borate flux (colemanite) have been established. Under industrial conditions, it has been established that the transfer coefficient of boron into silicon metal is reduced when using borate flux from 76.3% to 58.36%. The transfer of iron into silicon metal from the charge remains at the same level with a slight downward trend from 93.18% to 92.12%. This may be explained by a reduction in the contact time of the molten slag accumulating on the bottom with liquid silicon metal. There is also a reduction in the consumption of charge materials when using colemanite from 6.07 to 5.635 t/t of silicon metal due to the reduction in the time of cleaning the smelting bath from viscous slag accumulated on the bottom.
A Systematic Analysis of Systems Approach and Flood Risk Management Research: Trends, Gaps, and Opportunities
Authors: Awah Lum Sonita , Belle Johanes Amate , Nyam Yong Sebastian , Orimoloye Israel Ropo
Published: February 2024

Flooding is a global threat, necessitating a comprehensive management approach. Due to the complexity of managing flood hazards and risks, researchers have advocated for holistic, comprehensive, and integrated approaches. This study, employing a systems thinking perspective, assessed global flood risk management research trends, gaps, and opportunities using 132 published documents in BibTeX format. A systematic review of downloaded documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases revealed slow progress of approximately 11.61% annual growth in applying systems thinking and its concomitant approaches to understanding global flood risk management over the past two decades compared to other fields like water resource management and business management systems. A significant gap exists in the application of systems thinking methodologies to flood risk management research between developed and developing countries, particularly in Africa, highlighting the urgency of reoriented research and policy efforts. The application gaps of the study methodology are linked to challenges outlined in existing literature, such as issues related to technical expertise and resource constraints. This study advocates a shift from linear to holistic approaches in flood risk management, aligned with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2023 and the Sustainable Development Goals. Collaboration among researchers, institutions, and countries is essential to address this global challenge effectively.
Comprehensive Assessment of Risk-Based Quality Management Adoption in Clinical Trials
Authors: Dirks Abigail , Florez Maria , Torche Francois , Young Steve , Slizgi Brian , Getz Kenneth
Published: February 2024

Background

Risk-based monitoring (RBM) and risk-based quality management (RBQM) offer a compelling approach to increase efficiency, speed and quality in clinical trials by prioritizing and mitigating risks related to essential safety and efficacy data. Since 2013, the FDA and EMA have encouraged the use of RBM/RBQM, however adoption has been slow with limited understanding of the barriers to adoption.

Methods

The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development conducted an online survey among pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and contract research organizations and gathered 206 responses on 32 distinct RBQM practices.

Results

On average, companies implemented RBQM in 57% of their clinical trials. Lower levels of adoption were observed among companies conducting fewer than 25 trials annually (48%) compared to those conducting more than 100 trials annually (63%). Primary barriers to adoption include lack of organizational knowledge and awareness, mixed perceptions of the value proposition of RBQM, and poor change management planning and execution. Insights into improving the level of adoption are discussed.
Mental health challenges in Nigeria: Bridging the gap between demand and resources
Authors: Fadele Kehinde Precious , Igwe Stephen Chukwuemeka , Toluwalogo Niji-Olawepo , Udokang Ephraim Ikpongifono , Ogaya Jerico B. , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: February 2024

This study discusses the significant topic of mental health challenges in Nigeria, focusing on the shortage of mental health professionals, particularly psychiatrists, and the factors influencing medical students’ hesitation to pursue psychiatry as a career path. We examine the multifaceted difficulties in Nigeria’s mental health environment using various sources, including research studies and statistical data. The scarcity of psychiatrists, with only 250 for a population of 200 million, underscores the urgent need for attention to mental health within the country. Factors such as brain drain, inadequate learning infrastructure, limited research exposure and insufficient health coverage contribute to this crisis. Additionally, societal stigma and financial constraints discourage students from pursuing psychiatry as a career. To address these challenges comprehensively, we propose a holistic approach that involves cross-disciplinary collaboration, robust mental health education in all healthcare programs, community-based awareness initiatives and transdisciplinary teamwork among mental health providers. We highlight the importance of mentorship, scholarships and national advocacy to encourage more individuals to enter the mental health profession, emphasizing the need for diversity and inclusiveness. Furthermore, our paper stresses the significance of research and innovation in advancing mental health treatment and inspiring passion for mental health among students and aspiring professionals. By embracing this comprehensive set of recommendations, we aim to cultivate a diverse, talented and compassionate workforce capable of effectively addressing Nigeria’s pressing mental health challenges.
Puzzle-shaped cells and the mechanical response of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed coats
Authors: Bonfanti Silvia , Beretta Mario , Milan Simone , Ferrario Cinzia , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Chepizhko Oleksandr , La Porta Caterina A. M. , Tuissi Ausonio , Zapperi Stefano
Published: February 2024

The seed coat of tobacco displays an intriguing cellular pattern characterised by puzzle-like shapes whose specific function is unknown. Here, we perform a detailed investigation of the structure of tobacco seeds by electron microscopy and then follow the germination process by time lapse optical microscopy. We use particle image velocimetry to reveal the local deformation fields and perform compression experiments to study the mechanical properties of the seeds as a function of their hydration. To understand the mechanical role of the observed coat structure, we perform finite element calculations comparing structure with puzzle-shaped cells with similar structures lacking re-entrant features. The results indicate that puzzle-shaped cells act as stress suppressors and reduce the Poisson’s ratio of the seed coat structure. We thus conclude that the peculiar cellular structure of these seed coats serves a mechanical purpose that could be relevant to control germination.
Intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis quarters with ceftiofur does not cause anbiotic residues in adjacent untreated quarters
Authors: Carvalho André Luis Mendes Azevedo , Nascimento Neto José da Páscoa , Carvalho Túlio Bastos Tomaz , Lima Neto Hélio Rezende , Victali Rafael Morgado , Chalfun Luthesco Haddad Lima
Published: February 2024

The study was carried out in dairy cows to elucidate whether treatment of clinical mastitis quarters with Spectramast® LC (ceftiofur hydrochloride, 125 mg, Zoetis) created a reason for discarding milk from adjacent untreated healthy quarters. The antibiotic was infused once daily in the affected mammary quarter for four days. Forty-nine cows were evaluated after diagnosis of clinical mastitis in three or fewer udder quarters. In all cases, quarters that did not receive treatment had milk samples collected one day after the end of treatment. All milk samples from untreated quarters were below the maximum permissible limit for the presence of antibiotic residues after analysis with the BetaStar S Combo test. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics may explain this finding. We conclude that it is feasible to use milk from untreated quarters of animals that have been treated with Spectramast® LC. We also reiterate the need to carry out tests with other pharmacological bases, and that the results found in this experiment cannot be extrapolated to other drugs.

Dairy cattle have considerable importance in the development of the Brazilian economy, being directly linked to economic and social progress. In the first half of 2020, 12.1 billion liters of milk were produced in Brazil and in 2019, there was a new record of 25.01 billion liters produced (IBGE, 2020). This production comes from a wide variety of production systems, coming from smallholder farmers as well as from large companies that use the latest technologies available on the market. Dairy production is a complex activity. For one to obtain economical success, several aspects must be monitored. Maintaining the health of animals is a top priority, and the literature suggests that various diseases are a common challenge for dairy producers. Mastitis is the main disease that affects dairy cows, responsible for considerable economic loss and significant zootechnical and productive challenges (Ruegg, 2017). It is considered the second leading cause of cow culling in dairy herds, behind reproductive problems. Mastitis is characterized by infection of the mammary gland and may or may not occur with inflammation, generating changes in the mammary tissue and properties of the milk. It is classifield into clinical or subclinical mastitis, according to presence or absence of clinical signs, and into contagious or environmental based on the causative agent (Correa et al., 2001).