bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study to Determine the Occupational Stress Level and Professional Burnout in Special School Teachers Working in Private and Government Schools
Authors: Doss Christopher Amalraj Vallaba , Rachel J. Joyce , Jarrar Mu'taman Khalil , AbuMadini Mahdi S , Sakthivel Muhil
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Healthy work environment is required to provide high quality teaching. Few studies regarding occupational stress and burnout in Indian schools have been conducted. The study aims to determine and compare the occupational stress level and professional burnout in teachers working in private and government schools. 120 private school teachers and 120 government school teachers recruited for this study.METHODS: Chi square test, Student independent t test and ANOVA used for data analysis have been used.RESULTS: Stress level and burnout level are varies significantly between male and female Indian school. (Chi square value 26.27 and p Value 0.001 in male and chi square value 38.06 and p value 0.001 in female). Government schools (Least Likely 5±0.0, More Likely 10.82±1.99, Most Prone Stress 16.15 ±1.84 have significant difference among them) have higher stress level than Private schools (Least Likely 4.00±1.41, More Likely 9.86±2.29, Most Prone Stress 15.66±1.34 have significant difference among them). Governmental schools having more stress (14.33±3.24) compare to Private schools (13.34±3.51), (t=2.26, p =0.023). Similarly the burnout also having the more in government schools (59.43±11.78) compare to private schools (48.61±11.94), (t=7.07, p=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The government teachers have more occupational stress compared to the private school teachers in India. Leaders and decision makers required to make early identification and counseling about different factors that influence stress level in private and Government school teachers.
Disadvantages and Motivation of Consolidated Financial Statements Preparation in Vietnam
Authors: Hong Phi Thi Diem , Anh Vu Thi Kim , Tran Manh Dung
Published: February 2018

This study is conducted for investigating disadvantages and motivations of consolidated financial statements (CFSs) with illustration of Vietnamese economic groups. As the requirements of international integration process, the international accounting harmonization contributes to do better the financial information presentation, but how to harmonize successfully is question is not easy to be answered. Data were collected from 15 economic groups in order to have primary data. Then, assumed two key hypotheses to attest the conclusions in early researches. The results show that accounting staffs knowledge as biggest obstacle and legislation as a key motivation of CFSs preparation in Vietnam. The research also finds that the purpose of CFSs is quite difference between different capital owned group types, and the current quality of the CFSs are not still absolutely convincing the users.
Capital Account Liberalization and Financial Stability: An Application of the Finite Distributed Lag Model
Authors: Mba Ollo Joseph Stevy
Published: February 2018

The recurrence of financial crises in recent years has sparked renewed interest in the controversy over the implications of financial openness for the stability of the financial system. This article examines the relationship between capital account liberalization and financial stability in 31 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 1996-2015. Firstly, the study uses the Exchange Market Pressure Index (EMP) as the indicator of the degree of financial risk. Then, to determine the timing and the nature of the effect of capital account liberalization on financial stability, a finite distributed lag model is used. The estimation of long-term structural coefficients is obtained by the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method in panel data. The results show that liberalization of the capital account negatively affects financial stability after two years in sub-Saharan African countries. These results suggest that sub-Saharan African countries should standardize their strategies for liberalizing capital accounts and engage reforms to promote long-term capital flows that are more stable and improve the macroeconomic and institutional environment.
Supply and Demand Analysis of Water Resources based on System Dynamics Model
Authors: Huang Liguo , Yin Li
Published: February 2018

Humans require clean water for industrial, agricultural, domestic and ecological purposes. Due to climate change and population increase, the lack of clean water resources is becoming more and more serious. A system dynamics model of water resources is proposed for alleviating water shortage, changing the imbalance between supply and demand, promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production, protecting and managing water resources. First, a water supply and demand model combining principles and methods of system dynamics was constructed by analyzing the factors that influence water resources. The model is divided into five subsystems according to the water's purpose, i.e. a supply amount subsystem, an industrial water subsystem, an agricultural water subsystem, an ecological and domestic water subsystem, and a sewage water subsystem. In the model, the supply and demand index can indicate whether scarcity occurs as well as the degree of scarcity. The province of Shandong, China was picked as object of research. Relevant statistical data were analyzed to predict the supply and demand index in Shandong in 15 years using the model. Water scarcity in Shandong is explained through social and environmental drivers by addressing physical and economic decline. Finally, an intervention plan was formulated to avoid water shortage from occurring in the next 15 years.
Disinfection Performance against Salmonella Typhi in Water by Radio Frequency Inductive Couple Plasma System
Authors: Desmiarti Reni , Hazmi Ariadi , Li Fusheng
Published: February 2018

The disinfection performance of the radio frequency inductively coupled plasma (RFICP) system against Salmonella Typhi in water was examined using continuous flow experiments. The evaluation was based on disinfection efficiency, death rate constant, disinfection yield, and energy consumption. For all experiments the electromagnetic flux generated in the plasma reactor varied from 4 to 6 W/cm2. The disinfection efficiency and death rate constant of Salmonella Typhi decreased with the increase of the initial number of Salmonella Typhi bacteria. The disinfection yield increased from 784 to 1889 CFU/KWh and the energy consumption decreased from 0.28 to 0.07 KWh/L with the flowrate increasing from 5 to 20 mL/minute. The flowrate is an important parameter in predicting disinfection performance against pathogenic bacteria in water to design drinking water treatment plants.
Corrosion Behavior of Mild Steel in Seawater from Northern Coast of Java and Southern Coast of Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Sundjono S. , Priyotomo Gadang , Nuraini Lutviasari , Prifiharni Siska
Published: February 2018

The corrosion behavior of mild steel in seawater was investigated using an immersion test and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in solutions from the sites of Muara Baru, Suramadu and Tol Mandara. As reference, solutions of 3.5% and 5% NaCl were prepared. Dissolved oxygen, salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured. It was found that uniform corrosion occurred on the mild steel during the immersion test. The corrosion resistance of the steel decreased with increasing exposure time. Since the magnitudes of conductivity, salinity and TDS of all test solutions were similar, it was concluded that dissolved oxygen (DO) and chloride ions play an essential role in inducing the corrosion risk of mild steel. Both parameters hinder the formation of a stable passive film on the surface of corroded mild steel.
Finite Element Analysis of Bus Rollover Test in Accordance with UN ECE R66 Standard
Authors: Wicaksono Satrio , Faisal Rahman M. Rizka , Mihradi Sandro , Prifiharni Siska
Published: February 2018

Bus transportation plays a significant role in short and long distance mass transportation in Indonesia. The number of buses in Indonesia shows significant growth every year. However, there is a lack of regulations regarding bus construction safety and the increasing number of bus accidents is also becoming a major concern. In this paper, a computer simulation of bus rollover is presented. The bus structure was modeled to represent the mass distribution in a real bus. Two conditions were tested: the bus when empty and when fully loaded. Both the empty bus and fully loaded bus simulation results show that the bus did not comply with the UN ECE R66 safety standard. The results were validated by making a comparison with other tests that have been conducted by other researchers.
PERSUASION IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE: ENHANCING CREDIBILITY IN SERMON TITLES AND OPENINGS
Authors: Adam Martin
Published: February 2018

Since the emergence of the Aristotelian idea of appeal within the framework of his understanding of poetics, the concepts of ethos, pathos, and logos have indicated the essence of what came to be labelled much later as persuasive strategies. Although persuasion seems to be present in virtually all text types and registers, in many ways it is the religious discourse that utilises persuasion as one of its pivotal instruments to convince the audience of the veracity of the doctrine presented through it. The present paper explores scripted sermons, particularly sermon titles and opening passages, in terms of the persuasive strategies employed. The main emphasis is placed on how particular linguistic realisations of persuasion enhance the credibility of the message.
RHETORICAL STRUCTURE OF INTEGRATED RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER IN MASTER’S DISSERTATIONS ACROSS DISCIPLINES
Authors: Dastjerdi Zahra Shirian , Tan Helen , Abdullah Ain Nadzimah
Published: February 2018

Writing a dissertation is the most challenging task for students, especially the IntegratedResults and Discussion chapter. One solution would be to offer them a template of therhetorical flow of this chapter. However, to date, a limited number of studies have beenconducted on the rhetorical movement of this chapter. Therefore, the rhetorical units ofIntegrated Results and Discussion chapters of 40 Master’s dissertations in the hard and softscience disciplines obtained from a Malaysian local public university were investigated.The findings indicated that this chapter focused predominantly on presenting the resultsfollowed by commenting on them. Disciplinary variation was observed in the use of‘referring to previous research’ and ‘making overt claims or generalizations’ which wereobserved more in the dissertations in the soft sciences. Besides, ‘invalidating results’ wasfound more in the dissertations in the hard sciences. To conclude, knowing the prevalentmoves may heighten the awareness of novice postgraduate students to align their writing tothe academic writing conventions. Furthermore, awareness on the disciplinary variationsof the use of certain rhetorical moves would sensitize novice writers to the preferreddisciplinary style of writing Integrated Results and Discussion chapter.
Grants and Acquisitions
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: February 2018

The Binghamton University Libraries were awarded a Council on Library and Information Resources Recordings at Risk grant for the “Learning from Legends: Reflections on the 1960s Collection” project. The grant award is for $16,552 and was one of only 16 selected from the total of 51 applications.Arizona State University (ASU) has been awarded a $380,000 grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation for a three-year implementation project to reinvent the library’s strategy and practice for open-stack print collections. The work will enable ASU Library to design and develop inclusive library print collections for ASU Library to engage, educate, and inspire scholars and learners of the ASU community.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: February 2018

International publishingInternational reading achievementWell-being in OECD countries
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: February 2018

Welcome to the February 2018 issue of C&RL News. Escape room games are currently all the rage for corporate events and general fun. The ACRL staff even joined the trend to celebrate the success of the ACRL 2017 conference. At the University of Albany-SUNY, librarians used an escape room-type activity in their library instruction. Susan Detwiler, Trudi Jacobson, and Kelsey O’Brien write about the project in their article “BreakoutEDU.”
It’s all relative? Post-truth rhetoric, relativism, and teaching on “Authority as Constructed and Contextual”
Authors: Baer Andrea
Published: February 2018

Within the current climate of political polarization and discussions about “post-truth” rhetoric, many academic librarians are debating how the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education1 does or does not address “post-truth” thinking and rhetoric. Most of these discussions have centered on the Authority Is Constructed frame, which describes source authority as determined largely in communities and within specific contexts, rather than as anything absolute or universal. The concept of constructed authority can potentially be understood as an affirmation that authority is purely a matter of opinion or subjective evaluation, or that there are no consistent or objective indicators of credibility. On the other hand, the notion of authority as entirely objective misrepresents the social nature of knowledge creation and renders invisible the sociocultural structures and systems that powerfully share what is considered knowledge.
Karen Munro and Penny Beile share plans for ACRL: Cast an informed vote in the election this spring
Authors: Munro Karen , Beile Penny
Published: February 2018

Ed. note: C&RL News offered candidates for ACRL vice-president/president-elect, Karen Munro and Penny Beile, this opportunity to share their views with the membership. Although many of the issues facing ACRL are discussed informally at meetings, we want to use this venue to provide a forum to all members. We hope this will assist you in making an informed choice when you vote in the election this spring.
Elena Fortún y el grupo de alumnas de biblioteconomía de la Residencia de Señoritas (1930-1936)
Authors: Melián Pérez Elvira María
Published: February 2018

Los estudios de Biblioteconomía de la Residencia de Señoritas, desarrollados entre 1930 y 1936 bajo los auspicios de Instituto Internacional de Boston, formaron parte de los primeros esfuerzos pedagógicos en favor de la integración laboral femenina en nuestro país. Liderados por María de Maeztu en ellos participaron, además de Elena Fortún, un colectivo de mujeres hoy anónimas que, presumiblemente, encauzaron en este empeño gran parte de sus expectativas. En este trabajo analizamos sus fichas de ingreso y los testimonios dejados por Elena Fortún sobre esta actividad, con el fin de recuperar el perfil humano o, lo que es lo mismo, la intrahistoria de una pionera una iniciativa socio-pedagógica cercenada por la Guerra Civil y su ulterior desenlace
México: de la educación indígena a la educación rural
Authors: Calderón Mólgora Marco Antonio
Published: February 2018

Este ensayo refiere a la historia de la educación rural en México en el contexto de la configuración del Estado que surge a consecuencia de la revolución social de la década de 1910. Muestra la forma en que la percepción del llamado «problema indígena» se transforma en «el problema rural», y la manera en que dicha transformación se vincula a las estrategias del gobierno federal para dar solución a uno de los grandes «problemas nacionales». Ante el hecho de que los proyectos de educación rural dieron paso a dificultades y resistencias, la Secretaria de Educación Pública (SEP) ensayó distintos métodos con el propósito de encontrar estrategias adecuadas para «civilizar» y «forjar patria». El trabajo hace énfasis en algunas de esas estrategias para educar a la población que habitaba en el campo en la década de 1920. A pesar de que los políticos e intelectuales hicieron énfasis en la urgencia de rescatar las necesidades locales en el proceso de construcción de la nación moderna, un elemento central de este proceso es que la educación rural buscaba la industralización de la producción agrícola, lo que implicaba cambios muy significativos en la vida cotidiana de las comunidades indígenas y campesinas.
Miguel Soler en la tierra de los valientes. La Mina, Uruguay, 1954-1961
Authors: García Alonso María
Published: February 2018

En 1954 tuvo lugar en el Uruguay rural una de las experiencias educativas más innovadoras de la década: el Primer Núcleo Escolar Experimental de La Mina. Fue dirigida por Miguel Soler Roca, un maestro hispanouruguayo que había sido becado para estudiar educación fundamental en el CREFAL poco tiempo después de la creación de este organismo. En 1958 Margaret J. Anstee, representante de la ONU en Uruguay, se desplazó a La Mina para hacer un reportaje que permitiera mostrar las claves del éxito de la propuesta y explorar la posibilidad de utilizar la experiencia como modelo inspirador en otras latitudes. El presente texto transcribe dicha entrevista, inédita hasta el momento, contextualizándola con otros documentos que explican el devenir de esta iniciativa
Desde la historia de la educación: educación y mundo rural
Authors: Costa Rico Antón , Civera Cerecedo Alicia
Published: February 2018

Los diversos procesos históricos de educación, con sus puntos de partida, sus intenciones y su relativa y específica institucionalización, se presentan ante nosotros en forma de plural manifestación a lo largo del tiempo, de los espacios y de las culturas. Es esta pluralidad la que también está presente cuando, haciendo un recorte de los espacios sociales, nos referimos a los espacios rurales
Acerca de la democracia deliberativa y la importancia del proceso educativo en sus postulados
Authors: Carranza Gonzalo Gabriel
Published: February 2018

Muchas son las teorías que tratan de dar una explicación acerca de la democracia. En este trabajo realizaremos un análisis de la evolución de las ideas desde el liberalismo hasta el participacionismo, para estudiar una vertiente llamada democracia deliberativa. Entendiendo sus postulados, veremos la importancia que tiene la educación y el sistema educativo para que pueda concretarse en la realidad, aunque también analizaremos sus principales debilidades y problemas de implementación en una sociedad masificada y globalizada.There are many theories that attempt to shed light on what democracy is. In this paper, we will analise the evolution of those ideas from the liberalism and the participationism perspectives in order to embark upon the study of the so-called deliberative democracy dimension. Through understanding these postulates, not only will we come to see the importance of the roles that education and the educative system play in order to implement these ideas in reality, but also understand the main weaknesses and drawbacks of implementing them in an overcrowded and globalised society.
El asistente personal para una vida independiente: una figura en construcción
Authors: Carbonell Aparici Gonzalo José
Published: February 2018

La figura del Asistente Personal (AP), que hace posible la autonomía de una persona con diversidad funcional (PDF), puede ser considerada desde diversas perspectivas. La primera es la del Movimiento de Vida Independiente (MVI), que ofrece el sustento teórico y las primeras aproximaciones prácticas a su desarrollo. La segunda es la de las prestaciones estatales, que en el marco del Estado social promueven la igualdad efectiva entre todas las personas y, en concreto, aportan a las PDF cantidades económicas destinadas a proveerse de un AP cuyo perfil, sin embargo, queda desdibujado. La tercera es la de las relaciones laborales, directas o no, que vinculan a la PDF y el AP, en las que se concretan expectativas y derechos de las partes. La combinación de las tres perspectivas sugiere ciertas propuestas orientadas a una regulación más ajustada de la figura.The figure of the Personal Assistant (AP), which makes possible the autonomy of a person with functional diversity (PDF), can be considered from different perspectives. The first is the Independent Living Movement (MVI), which offers theoretical support and the first practical approaches to its development. The second is that of state benefits, which in the framework of the Social State promote effective equality among all people and, in particular, contribute to the PDF economic amounts destined to provide an AP whose profile, however, is blurred. The third is the labor relations, direct or not, linking the PDF and the AP, which set expectations and rights of the parties. The combination of the three perspectives suggests some proposals aimed at a tighter regulation of the figure.
La conectividad en el sector español de carga aérea: 2004-2014
Authors: Pais Montes Carlos , Freire Seoane María Jesús , González Laxe Fernando
Published: February 2018

El segmento de las aerolíneas de carga, como demandante y usuario de servicios aeroportuarios, ha crecido en las dos últimas décadas hasta convertirse en parte fundamental de la red global de suministro en España.            El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evolución de la conectividad de este modo logístico, en el período 2004-2014, utilizando la base de datos del Observatorio para el Transporte y la Logística de España sobre posiciones aeroportuarias de carga de origen y destino.            Los resultados indican que, en los mayores aeropuertos españoles (Madrid, Barcelona, Zaragoza y Vitoria), ha existido una recuperación del volumen de carga operado en los niveles pre-crisis, que no ha ido acompañada, no obstante, de una recuperación en términos de centralidad, con la excepción de Zaragoza, que es la infraestructura que muestra, actualmente, mayor resiliencia y mejores perspectivas en este aspecto.
El sistema aeroportuario español. Un análisis de concentración y volatilidad
Authors: Martínez-San Román Valeriano , Mateo Mantecón Ingrid , Sainz-González Rubén
Published: February 2018

En este trabajo se analiza la estructura del sistema aeroportuario español, en particular se realiza un estudio sobre la concentración y volatilidad en la distribución de pasajeros, tanto desde el punto de vista de los aeropuertos existentes como de las compañías aéreas que los utilizan. Asimismo, el estudio de la distribución de pasajeros dentro de cada aeropuerto permitirá observar el efecto que la inclusión de compañías de bajo coste ha tenido, permite determinar los efectos relativos a la crisis internacional, así como los cambios legislativos que han afectado a AENA (Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea). Se han calculado una serie de índices de concentración y volatilidad a partir de datos de pasajeros de 46 aeropuertos españoles, desde 2004 hasta 2015. Los resultados apuntan hacia una estructura del sistema aeroportuario caracterizada por una concentración limitada y una volatilidad muy baja.
Fostering trust and forgiveness through the acknowledgment of others’ past victimization
Authors: Andrighetto Luca , Halabi Samer , Nadler Arie
Published: February 2018

The present work examines the acknowledgment of past ingroup victimization by adversary outgroup leaders as an effective means to promote intergroup trust. More specifically, through an experimental study we demonstrated that Israeli-Jewish participants who were exposed to Palestinian leaders’ messages acknowledging the Jews’ suffering from anti-Semitic persecutions (past victimization condition) displayed more trust toward outgroup leaders than participants who were exposed to messages acknowledging the Jews’ sufferings from the ongoing conflict (present victimization condition) and participants who were exposed to a control message condition. Further, trust mediated the relationship between acknowledgment of past victimization by rivals and forgiveness toward the outgroup as a whole. The implications of these results for restoring fractured intergroup relations are discussed.
Foot Kinetic and Kinematic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Hazari Animesh , Maiya Arun G. , Shivashankara K.N.
Published: February 2018

Background:

A kinetic change in the foot such as altered plantar pressure is the most common etiological risk factor for foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus. Kinematic alterations in joint angle and spatiotemporal parameters of gait have also been frequently observed in participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Diabetic peripheral neuropathy leads to various microvascular and macrovascular complications of the foot in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a gap in the literature for biomechanical evaluation and assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with DPN in the Indian population. We sought to assess and determine the biomechanical changes, including kinetics and kinematics, of the foot in DPN.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a diabetic foot clinic in India. Using the purposive sampling method, 120 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DPN were recruited. Participants with active ulceration or amputation were excluded.

Results:

The mean ± SD age, height, weight, body mass index, and diabetes duration were 57 ± 14 years, 164 ± 11 cm, 61 ± 18 kg, 24 ± 3 kg/m2, and 12 ± 7 years, respectively. There were significant changes in the overall biomechanical profile and clinical manifestations of DPN. The regression analysis showed statistical significance for dynamic maximum plantar pressure at the forefoot with age, weight, height, diabetes duration, body mass index, knee and ankle joint angle at toe-off, pinprick sensation, and ankle reflex (R = 0.71, R2 = 0.55, F12,108 = 521.9 kPa; P = .002).

Conclusions:

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus and DPN have significant changes in their foot kinetic and kinematic parameters. Therefore, they could be at higher risk for foot ulceration, with underlying neuropathy and biomechanically associated problems.
Multiple kinases inhibit origin licensing and helicase activation to ensure reductive cell division during meiosis
Authors: Phizicky David V , Berchowitz Luke E , Bell Stephen P
Published: February 2018

Meiotic cells undergo a single round of DNA replication followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation (the meiotic divisions) to produce haploid gametes. Both DNA replication and chromosome segregation are similarly regulated by CDK oscillations in mitotic cells. Yet how these two events are uncoupled between the meiotic divisions is unclear. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that meiotic cells inhibit both helicase loading and helicase activation to prevent DNA replication between the meiotic divisions. CDK and the meiosis–specific kinase Ime2 cooperatively inhibit helicase loading, and their simultaneous inhibition allows inappropriate helicase reloading. Further analysis uncovered two previously unknown mechanisms by which Ime2 inhibits helicase loading. Finally, we show that CDK and the polo–like kinase Cdc5 trigger degradation of Sld2, an essential helicase–activation protein. Together, our data demonstrate that multiple kinases inhibit both helicase loading and activation between the meiotic divisions, thereby ensuring reductive cell division.
Yrkesstolthet og frafall i kokkeyrket
Authors: Eben Bjørn
Published: February 2018

Hvorfor vurderer så mange kokker å skifte yrke når det samtidig viser seg at mange også er stolte av yrket sitt (Spetalen, Eben & Jahnlu, 2016; St. Olav Hospital, 2013, Tidemann & Myklebust, 2005)? Denne artikkelen vil rette oppmerksomheten på mulige årsaker til dette, og hvorfor restaurantkokker vurderer å endre arbeidsplass eller yrkesmulighet. Restaurantbransjen er i rask utvikling og befolkningen spiser stadig oftere på restaurant (Bugge & Lavik, 2007). Samtidig synker rekruteringen til kokkeyrket (Sundquist, 2016). Det er derfor viktig å drøfte hvilke faktorer som har betydning for at restaurantkokker forlater yrket etter forholdsvis kort tid.Problemstillingen er; Hvorfor vurderer så mange kokker å skifte yrke når de er så stolte av yrket sitt?I denne artikkelen er det gjennomført en reanalyse av grunnlagsmaterialet som ble presentert i rapporten «Yrkesutøvelse i restaurant og matfagene – Arbeidsoppgaver, prioriteringer og forskjeller» (Spetalen, Eben & Jahnlu, 2016). I tillegg til denne univariate analysen har jeg også sammenliknet gjennomsnitt og testet hypoteser ved hjelp av T-test og ANOVA i SPSS (Johannessen, 2009; Pallant, 2013).  Studenter ved bachelorutdanningen i Restaurant og matfag, kull 2013 ved Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, tok utgangspunkt i dataene fra Spetalen et al. (2016) i sine bacheloroppgaver. I samarbeid med tre studenter er det gjennomført kvalitative intervjuer med til sammen 23 nåværende og tidligere kokker. For å forklare dataene har jeg trukket inn det organisasjonsteoretiske begrepet «turnover» siden dette er et tydelig problem i restaurantbransjen. Faktorer som tiltrekker og frastøter medarbeideren i forhold til yrket, er også med i diskusjonen for å forklare funnene (Lashley, 2000; Brochs-Haukedal, 2010; Kuvås, 2013). Med bakgrunn i funnene fra de kvalitative intervjuene kan man anta at følgende årsaker veier tungt når kokker aktivt søker annen yrkeskarriere:Ledelse – mangel på ledelse og manglende faglig ledelse.Familieliv og de krav en yrkesutøver har til økonomi, forutsigbarhet i forhold til arbeidstid, og overtid. Dette momentet er tosidig også knyttet opp mot ledelsesproblematikk.Ambisjon og ønske om videreutdanning, at det ikke finnes flere tilbud om videreutdanning som bygger direkte på kokkeutdanningenAndre årsaker som det også legges vekt på er arbeidspress, mangel på faglært arbeidskraft og stadig skifte av arbeidsplass i kokkeyrket. Momenter som yrkesstolthet, faglig utvikling og egen motivasjon kan ved bevisste handlinger fra eiere og ledere virke som tiltrekningsfaktorer som må følges opp og utvikles. Bedriften må ifølge Lashley (Lashley, 2000) sette fokus på å kontrollere frastøtingsfaktorer i egen bedrift fordi det er vanskelig å hindre tiltrekningsfaktorer fra andre bedrifter eller yrker. Hensikten med denne artikkelen er først og fremst å tilføre ny kunnskap om hvordan kokker oppfatter sine arbeidsforhold og arbeidsplasser som fører til ønske om å skifte yrke. Dernest er det viktig at yrkesfaglærerutdanningen, som utdanner yrkesfaglærere, kjenner til hvilke utfordringer som finnes i kokkeyrket.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Vakil Nimish
Published: October 2024

Importance

In the US, peptic ulcer disease affects 1% of the population and approximately 54 000 patients are admitted to the hospital annually for bleeding peptic ulcers.

Observations

Approximately 10% of patients presenting with upper abdominal pain in a primary care setting have a peptic ulcer as the cause of their symptoms. The principal causes of peptic ulcer disease are Helicobacter pylori infection, which affects approximately 42% of patients with peptic ulcer disease, and aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, which are etiologic factors in approximately 36% of people with peptic ulcer disease. Complications of peptic ulcer include bleeding (73% of patients), perforation (9% of patients), and pyloric obstruction (3% of patients). Annually, 10 000 people die of peptic ulcer disease in the US. Endoscopy definitively diagnoses peptic ulcer disease. Acid blockers, such as omeprazole, can heal peptic ulcers in approximately 80% to 100% of patients within 4 weeks, but gastric ulcers larger than 2 cm may require 8 weeks of treatment. Eradication of H pylori decreases peptic ulcer recurrence rates from approximately 50% to 60% to 0% to 2%. Discontinuing NSAIDs heals 95% of ulcers identified on endoscopy and reduces recurrence from 40% to 9%. When discontinuing an NSAID is not desirable, changing the NSAID (eg, from ketorolac to ibuprofen), adding a proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole or lansoprazole, and eradicating H pylori with treatment such as bismuth, metronidazole, and tetracycline combined with omeprazole can reduce recurrence rates.

Conclusions and Relevance

Peptic ulcer disease is associated with increased hospitalization rates and mortality. Acid blocking with proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole or lansoprazole, is the primary treatment. Recurrence of ulcers can be prevented by eradicating H pylori if present and discontinuing aspirin or NSAIDs if applicable.
Leishmania donovani adenylosuccinate synthetase requires IMP for dimerization and organization of the active site
Authors: Mochi Jigneshkumar A. , Jani Jaykumar , Shah Smit , Pappachan Anju
Published: October 2024

Adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS), which catalyses the GTP‐dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartic acid to succinyl‐AMP, plays a major role in purine biosynthesis. In some bacterial AdSS, it is implicated that IMP binding is important to organize the active site, but in certain plant AdSS, GTP performs this role. Here, we report that in Leishmania donovani AdSS, IMP binding favoured dimerization, induced greater conformational change and improved the protein stability more than GTP binding. IMP binding, which resulted in a network of hydrogen bonds, stabilized the conformation of active site loops and brought the switch loop to a closed conformation, which then facilitated GTP binding. Our results provide a basis for designing better inhibitors of leishmanial AdSS.
Interaction of RECQL4 with poly(ADP‐ribose) is critical for the DNA double‐strand break response in human cells
Authors: Shin Sunyoung , Kim Dongmin , Kim Hyemi , Cho Won‐Ho , Kim Gyungmin , Lee Joon‐Kyu
Published: October 2024

To overcome genotoxicity, cells have evolved powerful and effective mechanisms to detect and respond to DNA lesions. RecQ Like Helicase‐4 (RECQL4) plays a vital role in DNA damage responses. RECQL4 is recruited to DNA double‐strand break (DSB) sites in a poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation (PARylation)‐dependent manner, but the mechanism and significance of this process remain unclear. Here, we showed that the domain of RECQL4 recruited to DSBs in a PARylation‐dependent manner directly interacts with poly(ADP‐ribose) (PAR) and contains a PAR‐binding motif (PBM). By replacing this PBM with a PBM of hnRNPA2 or its mutated form, we demonstrated that the PBM in RECQL4 is required for PARylation‐dependent recruitment and the roles of RECQL4 in the DSB response. These results suggest that the direct interaction of RECQL4 with PAR is critical for proper cellular response to DSBs and provide insights to understand PARylation‐dependent control of the DSB response and cancer therapeutics using PARylation inhibitors.
Fluorocarbon‐based Solvent‐Bath Annealing for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Hui , Shan Tong , Ma Qingyi , Chen Yanjie , Chen Lifei , Zhao Xiaoming , Wang Feng
Published: October 2024

Thermal annealing is a critical process in producing high‐quality perovskite films for high‐performance perovskite solar cells. Conventional TA presents challenges such as delayed heat transfer, leading to unwanted crystal growth and hindering processing scalability. Solvent‐bath annealing is an attractive approach that can improve heat transfer and promote perovskite crystallization by immersing the as‐deposited precursor film in a liquid medium. In this study, fluorocarbon‐based solvents are developed as novel solvent baths for uniform heat flow through omnidirectional annealing. In addition, the previously neglected solvent‐to‐solvent interaction between fluorocarbon and solvents for perovskite precursor is investigated by comparing two fluorocarbon solvents. By increasing the solvent‐solvent interaction, higher quality perovskite films with increased crystallinity, improved perovskite transition, and reduced film defects are achieved. As a result, the perovskite solar cells exhibited an increased power conversion efficiency with excellent reproducibility. These findings suggest that the selection of suitable solvent bath is promising for further improving perovskite quality and device performance.
Stepwise Optimization of Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type SnS
Authors: Hu Yixuan , Bai Shulin , Wen Yi , Liu Dongrui , Hong Tao , Liu Shan , Zhan Shaoping , Gao Tian , Chen Pengpeng , Li Yichen , Wang Lei , Gao Dezheng , Gao Xiang , Tan Qing , Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li‐Dong
Published: October 2024

Tin sulfide (SnS)  has been developed as an earth‐abundant and eco‐friendly compound that exhibits promising thermoelectric (TE) performance. While significant achievements are achieved in p‐type SnS, the development of its n‐type counterpart remains at a nascent stage, making it rather essential for developing n‐type SnS to ensure good compatibility in SnS‐based TE devices. In this study, Br is selected as the aliovalent dopant for realizing n‐type transport in SnS. Subsequently, isoelectronic Se alloying and vacancy compensation are utilized to further promote the TE performance for n‐type SnS. Se alloying can effectively narrow the bandgap of SnS for enhancing carrier concentration and diminishing thermal conductivity by strain and mass field fluctuations, while the excess Sn further compensates intrinsic Sn vacancies, thus optimizing carrier concentration and mobility simultaneously. These results are well verified by microstructure characterization and defect formation energy calculations. Consequently, the maximum ZT value of ≈0.7 and quality factor B of ≈1.02 at 823 K can be obtained after stepwise optimization, which is currently the highest value for n‐type SnS thermoelectrics. This study presents a significant progress for n‐type SnS and lays an important foundation for constructing all‐SnS‐based TE devices.
Gan Photonic Crystals: Spectral Dynamics in UV, X‐Ray, and Alpha Radiation
Authors: Yasar Firat , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki , Harrysson Rodrigues Isabel , Ceballos Yleana Evelyn , Prado‐Rivera Roberto , Keo Sam
Published: October 2024

In this work, a comparative analysis of gallium nitride (GaN) thin films is conducted, both with and without photonic crystal (PhC) structures, focusing on their scintillation and photoluminescence properties. GaN's suitability for diverse optoelectronic and radiation detection applications is analyzed, and this study examines how PhC implementation can enhance these properties. Methodologically, the emission spectra is analyzed from 5.9 keV X‐ray sources, decay curves, pulse height spectra in response to 241Am 5.5 MeV alpha‐rays, and photoluminescence spectra induced by UV excitation. The findings demonstrate a substantial increase in quantum efficiency for PhC GaN, nearly tripling the light yield that of conventional plain GaN thin films under the UV excitation. The enhancement is predominantly attributed to the PhC GaN's proficiency in guiding light at 550 nm, a feature indicative of its spectral filtering capabilities, as detailed in the study. Furthermore, side‐band scintillations, stemming from inherent materials like Chromium that generate scintillations at diverse wavelengths, are effectively mitigated. A key finding of this study is the effective detection of light not only at the rear but also along the lateral sides of the films, offering new possibilities for radiation detector design and architecture.
Tertiary Lymphoid Structure in Dental Pulp: The Role in Combating Bacterial Infections
Authors: Li Ruiqi , Gu Fan , Peng Linlin , Huan Tingting , Zhou Zhuo , Song Yaling , He Jinmei , Ye Kaili , Sun Yao , Li Tiejun , He Miao , Bian Zhuan , Yin Wei
Published: October 2024

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is associated with various pathologies, including those of cancers and chronic infections. Depending on the organ, multiple factors regulate the formation of TLS. However, the role of TLS in immune response and the molecules that drive its formation remain uncertain. The dental pulp, includes a few immune cells surrounded by rigid mineralized tissue, and opens to the outside through the apical foramen. Owing to this special organization, the dental pulp generates a directional immune response to bacterial infection. Considering this aspect, the dental pulp is an ideal model for comprehensively studying the TLS. In the present study, single‐cell RNA sequencing of healthy and inflamed human dental pulp reveals known markers of TLS, including C‐C motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), lysosome‐associated membrane glycoprotein 3 (LAMP3), CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), and CD86, present in inflamed dental pulp. Compared with the healthy pulp, types and proportions of immune cells increase, along with enhanced cellular communication. Multiple immunofluorescence staining reveals that typical TLS emerges in dental pulp with pulpitis, consistent with the high expression of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), which may be a key driver of TLS formation. Moreover, TLS is also observed in a mouse model of pulpitis. These findings collectively offer insights into the formation and function of TLS in response to infection.
Pathological Microenvironment‐Remodeling Nanoparticles to Alleviate Liver Fibrosis: Reversing Hepatocytes‐Hepatic Stellate Cells Malignant Crosstalk
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Feng , Deng Wen‐Qi , Wang Xing‐Huan , Huang Qing‐Wen , Liang Su‐Qing , Ding Ze‐Quan , Qi Liang , Wang Yi , Zhou Tian‐Jiao , Xing Lei , Lee Jai‐Woo , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Jiang Hu‐Lin
Published: October 2024

During the onset and malignant development of liver fibrosis, the pernicious interplay between damaged hepatocytes and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) induce a self‐perpetuating vicious cycle, deteriorating fibrosis progression and posing a grave threat to public health. The secretions released by damaged hepatocytes and activated HSCs interact through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, involving multiple signaling pathways. This interaction creates a harsh microenvironment and weakens the therapeutic efficacy of single‐cell‐centric drugs. Herein, a malignant crosstalk‐blocking strategy is prompted to remodel vicious cellular interplay and reverse pathological microenvironment to put an end to liver fibrosis. Collagenases modified, bardoxolone and siTGF‐β co‐delivered nanoparticles (C‐NPs/BT) are designed to penetrate the deposited collagen barriers and further regulate the cellular interactions through upregulating anti‐oxidative stress capacity and eliminating the pro‐fibrogenic effects of TGF‐β. The C‐NPs/BT shows successful remodeling of vicious cellular crosstalk and significant disease regression in animal models. This study presents an innovative strategy to modulate cellular interactions for enhanced anti‐fibrotic therapy and suggests a promising approach for treating other chronic liver diseases.
Influence of Intermolecular Interactions on the Photophysical Properties of Carbazolyl Phosphorescent Molecules
Authors: Guan Tiantian , Yang Yonggang , Liu Yang , Jiang Zhinan , Zhuang Chunsheng , Liu Yufang
Published: October 2024

The photophysical properties of three carbazolyl phosphorescent molecules with similar structures‐5‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) nicotinitrile (P35N), 5‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) nicotinamide (P35M) and 2‐(9H‐carbazole‐9‐group) isonicotinamide (P25M)‐are investigated theoretically. The influence on luminescence is primarily elucidated through an analysis of geometry, electronic structure, and the dynamic processes occurring within the excited state. Structural analysis indicates that P35M exhibits the most effective luminescence due to minimal structural changes, reduced separation between the electron and hole, and enhanced intermolecular interactions within the crystal. Excited state dynamics and recombination energy analysis indicate that the higher triplet exciton population in the P35M molecule contributes to its long‐lived phosphorescence. Furthermore, the intersystem crossing process for the three molecules is predominantly governed by low‐frequency torsional rotation, while bond stretching vibrations are the primary factor leading to the inactivation of non‐radiative processes. The distinct vibrational channels associated with reverse intersystem crossing and non‐radiative processes present opportunities for further enhancement of the phosphorescent characteristics of these molecules.
Precisely Prepared Hierarchical Micelles of Polyfluorene‐block‐Polythiophene‐block‐Poly(phenyl isocyanide) via Crystallization‐Driven Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pan Ya‐Nan , Ye Chen‐Chen , Huang Si‐Lin , Wang Chao , Han Man‐Yi , Xu Lei
Published: October 2024

The precise preparation of hierarchical micelles is a fundamental challenge in modern materials science and chemistry. Herein, poly(di‐n‐hexylfluorene)‐block‐poly(3‐tetraethylene glycol thiophene) (poly(1m‐b‐2n)) diblock copolymers and polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock copolymers were synthesized using a one‐pot process via the sequential addition of corresponding monomers using a Ni(II) complex as a single catalyst for living/controlled polymerization. The crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of amphiphilic conjugated poly(1m‐b‐2n) led to the formation of nanofibers with controlled lengths and narrow dispersity. The block copolymers exhibited white, yellow, and red emissions in different self‐assembly states. By using uniform poly(1m‐b‐2n) nanofibers as seeds, introducing the polyfluorene‐block‐polythiophene‐block‐poly(phenyl isocyanide) triblock polymer as a unimer in the seed growth process, and adjusting the structure of the poly(phenyl isocyanide) block and the polarity of self‐assembly solvent, A−B−A triblock micelles, multiarm branched micelles, and raft micelles were prepared.
Aktivierung von Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff Bindungen durch Chrom(I): Spaltung von Dialkinen durch einen 11‐Elektronenkomplex
Authors: Braun Felix , Bruckhoff Tim , Ott Jonas C. , Ballmann Joachim , Gade Lutz H.
Published: October 2024

Ein T‐förmiger Chrom(I)‐11‐Elektronenkomplex wurde durch Reduktion eines [PNP]‐stabilisierten Chrom(II)iodid‐Komplexes erhalten. Seine high‐spin d5‐Elektronenkonfiguration wurde mittels paramagnetischer NMR‐, EPR‐, UV/Vis‐ und magnetischer Messungen (SQUID) charakterisiert. Der Komplex reagiert leicht mit konjugierten Dialkinen unter Spaltung der internen C−C‐Bindung und Ausbildung des jeweiligen Acetylidkomplexes. Variation der Alkinsubstituenten ermöglichte die Isolierung und Charakterisierung von zweikernigen Dialkindichrom‐Intermediaten, die sich thermisch in die Produkte umwandeln.
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Lumbar Decompression or Disc Herniation
Authors: Karasin Beth , Kleban Monica , Rizzo Gina , Hardinge Tara , Eskuchen Lauren , Watkinson Johanna
Published: October 2024

Many people experience low back pain caused by degenerative disease of the lumbar spine; this includes spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, and disc herniation. Conservative management of degenerative disease, which includes physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and medications, is the initial approach. If this approach fails, a surgical procedure may be the next step. Previously, open lumbar surgery would have been the planned procedure; today, minimally invasive spine surgery gives patients another choice. Perioperative nurses should understand how minimally invasive spine surgery differs from the open procedure, the steps involved during a minimally invasive procedure, the benefits of this type of procedure, and nursing considerations for patients undergoing minimally invasive spinal procedures.