bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer model of a spectrum analyzer for a virtual laboratory: development and introduction to the educational process
Authors: Gubsky Dmitry , Daineko Yevgeniya , Ipalakova Madina , Kleschenkov Anatoly , Tsoy Dana
Published: November 2022

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has changed the development plans of every country. Instead, governments had to constantly deal with ever-emerging issues in healthcare, education, economics and industry. As a result, there has been an accelerated introduction of digitalization in these spheres. Thus, an increasing number of people have started using electronic services that have improved their digital literacy. This feature has had a positive impact on society and helped to create new interaction tools between populations and governments, students and institutions, customers and companies. The article aims to analyze how studying radio electronics can be improved by involving new tools and how they can be applied in distance learning. This work presents the results of the development and application of a virtual radio signal simulation in the educational process in the form of a laboratory practicum. Working on this approach required specific research in the field; the foreign experience was observed and studied. The review allowed us to find out how digitalization and the application of digital tools affect the behaviour, cognition, and overall performance of students during the pandemic. The authors conducted a questionnaire among students to evaluate the features of the virtual laboratory work and their effect on the educational process. The results analyzed are given in the article. They showed that students highly appreciate the introduction of such tools in learning. Moreover, like the entire laboratory, the proposed model can be used in the educational process offline and with distance learning. Finally, the article describes the experience and results of the software package’s development and integration for the spectrum analyzer’s computer model and virtual laboratory work using the MS VS environment in C ++. The results of the conducted work demonstrate the versatility of the proposed approach, its positive impact on the educational process, high potential in the other spheres.
Relationship between body composition and bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents
Authors: Bim Mateus Augusto , Pinto André de Araujo , Angelo Hector Cris Colares de , Gonzaga Isadora , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Carvalho Wellington Roberto Gomes de , Hind Karen , Pelegrini Andreia
Published: November 2022

Adolescence is a period characterized by large accumulation of bone mass. Body composition is an important determinant of bone mass. This study aimed to assess the relationship of bone mass with lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in normal-weight and overweight adolescents with consideration of sex, sexual maturation and physical activity covariates. A total of 118 adolescents (60 girls and 58 boys) aged between 10 and 14 years participated in the study. Individuals were classified as normal weight or overweight according to body mass index. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), LM, and FM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In normal-weight adolescents, LM (β = 0.725, p < 0.001) and FM (β = 0.185, p = 0.019) were associated with lumbar spine BMC, whereas in overweight adolescents only LM (β = 0.736, p < 0.001) was associated with lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, in the normal-weight group, FM and LM were associated with total body less head BMD (LM, β = 0.792, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.257, p = 0.007) and lumbar spine BMD (LM, β = 0.553, p < 0.001; FM, β = 0.199, p < 0.035). In the overweight group, only LM was associated with total body less head BMD (β = 0.682, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine BMD (β = 0.528, p < 0.001). LM was the main predictor of bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. FM was associated with bone mass in normal-weight adolescents only. LM may be considered an important and useful marker in adolescents, when investigating bone health in this population. Activities that promote LM gain to reduce the risk of bone fractures and diseases in adulthood are recommended.
Novelty in Exercise Regimen towards Bilateral Training in a Patient after a Cerebrovascular Event
Authors: Harjpal Pallavi Lalchand , Kovela Rakesh Krishna , Qureshi Mohammed Irshad , Salphale Vikrant Girish
Published: November 2022

Ischaemic stroke is caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the areas of the brain that leads to severe impairment if left untreated. The impairments include contralateral loss of motor and sensory functions, along with affection on the ipsilateral side. There is a reduction in strength on the unaffected side of stroke, due to the fact that only 75-90% of corticospinal fibres cross from the medulla to the contralateral side. A 45-year-old male, factory owner came with a chief complaint of sudden onset of weakness on the left side of the body for 11 days with a history of hypertension. Investigations revealed a large block in the right Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Medical management was provided with thrombolytics, anticoagulants, and antihypertensives. Thereafter, the patient was referred for physiotherapy. Physiotherapy assessment revealed left hemiplegia with more affection of upper extremity, spasticity grade 1+. He also had reduced gripping and grasping. A tailor-made protocol was formulated which focused on task and approachoriented training with bimanual activities along with consideration of the less affected side was provided to the patient helped in early recovery and made him go back to his occupation. There are many studies on hand rehabilitation, but this is one in its kind that will add to the available literature on the positive effects of strength training on the unaffected side to be considered in rehabilitation.
Moving beyond first-line treatment options for OCD
Authors: Paxos Chris
Published: November 2022

OCD is characterized by obsessions and compulsions that cause distress, are time-consuming, and interfere with a patient's social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. SSRIs are first-line pharmacologic treatment options and produce response rates of up to 60% in patients with OCD. Several potential strategies have been evaluated for enhancing patient response, including high-dose SSRI therapy, antipsychotic augmentation, and memantine augmentation. Three patient cases are used to explore treatment guidelines, evaluate existing literature, and provide pharmacotherapy recommendations for the management of patients with OCD when first-line therapy fails.
Receipt of Bilateral Mastectomy Among Women With Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Reid Sonya , Roberson Mya L. , Koehler Kenna , Shah Tiana , Weidner Anne , Whisenant Jennifer G. , Pal Tuya
Published: November 2022

This case series study examines differences in surgical treatment among adult females with invasive breast cancer who have pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes with high vs moderate breast cancer penetrance.
American Thyroid Association Guidelines and National Trends in Management of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Gordon Alex J. , Dublin Jared C. , Patel Evan , Papazian Michael , Chow Michael S. , Persky Michael J. , Jacobson Adam S. , Patel Kepal N. , Suh Insoo , Morris Luc G. T. , Givi Babak
Published: November 2022

Importance

Over time, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines have increasingly promoted more limited treatments for well-differentiated thyroid cancers.

Objective

To determine whether the 2009 and 2015 ATA guidelines were associated with changes in the management of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinomas on a national scale.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This historical cohort study used the National Cancer Database. All papillary thyroid carcinomas diagnosed from 2004 to 2019 in the National Cancer Database were selected. Patients with tumors of greater than 4 cm, metastases, or clinical evidence of nodal disease were excluded. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2021, to September 1, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary aim was to tabulate changes in the rates of thyroid lobectomy (TL), total thyroidectomy (TT), and TT plus radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy after the 2009 and 2015 ATA guidelines. The secondary aim was to determine in which settings (eg, academic vs community) the practice patterns changed the most.

Results

A total of 194 254 patients (155 796 [80.2%] female patients; median [range] age at diagnosis, 51 [18-90] years) who underwent treatment during the study period were identified. Among patients who underwent surgery, rates of TL decreased from 15.1% to 13.7% after the 2009 guidelines but subsequently increased to 22.9% after the 2015 changes. Among patients undergoing TT, rates of adjuvant RAI decreased from 48.7% to 37.1% after 2009 and to 19.3% after the 2015 guidelines. Trends were similar for subgroups based on sex and race and ethnicity. However, academic institutions saw larger increases in TL rates (14.9% to 25.7%) than community hospitals (16.3% to 19.5%). Additionally, greater increases in TL rates were observed for tumors 1 to 2 cm (6.8% to 18.9%) and 2 to 4 cm (6.6% to 16.0%) than tumors less than 1 cm (22.8% to 29.2%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study among patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas up to 4 cm, ATA guideline changes corresponded with increased TL and reduced adjuvant RAI. These changes were primarily seen in academic institutions, suggesting an opportunity to expand guideline-based care in the community setting.
Edge‐to‐Center Propagation of Photochemical Reaction during Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Photomechanical Transformation of 2,5‐Distyrylpyrazine Crystals**
Authors: Morimoto Kohei , Kitagawa Daichi , Sotome Hikaru , Ito Syoji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Kobatake Seiya
Published: November 2022

Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising materials for photon‐powered artificial actuators. To interpret the photomechanical responses, the spatiotemporal distribution of photoproducts in crystals could be an important role in addition to molecular structures, molecular packings, illumination conditions, crystal morphology, crystal size, and so on. In this study, we have found that single crystals of 2,5‐distyrylpyrazine show a smooth single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal photomechanical expansion, and the photochemical reaction propagates from the edge to the center of the single crystal. We revealed that the surface effect (special reactivity at the crystal surface) in addition to the cooperative effect (the reaction is facilitated by neighboring molecules) is essential for the edge‐to‐center propagation of the photochemical reaction. Our results would provide a foundation for future studies of the photochemical reaction dynamics in photomechanical molecular crystals.
Theoretical Investigations on MIL‐100(M) (M=Cr, Sc, Fe) with High Adsorption Selectivity for Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide over Methane
Authors: Huang Fan , Zhang Xu , Liu Weiwei , Gao Junkuo , Sun Lu
Published: November 2022

The removal of impurity gases (N2, CO2) in natural gas is critical to the efficient use of natural gas. In this work, the selective adsorption for N2 and CO2 over CH4 on MIL‐100 (M) (M=4Cr, 10Cr, 6Fe, 1In, 1Sc, 3V) is studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated adsorption energy of the large‐size cluster model (LC) of MIL‐100 (M) shows that the 4MIL‐100 (4Cr) is the best at the refinement of natural gas due to the lower adsorption energy of CH4 (−2.58 kJ/mol) in comparison with that of N2 (−21.49 kJ/mol) and CO2 (−23.82 kJ/mol). 1MIL‐100 (1Sc) and 1MIL‐100 (6Fe) can also achieve selective adsorption and follows the order 4MIL‐100 (4Cr)>1MIL‐100 (1Sc)>1MIL‐100 (6Fe). In the research of the selective adsorption mechanism of MIL‐100 (M) (M=4Cr, 1Sc, 6Fe), the independent gradient model (IGM) indicates that these outstanding adsorbents interact with CO2 and N2 mainly through the electrostatic attractive interaction, while the van der Walls interaction dominates in the interaction with CH4. The atomic Projected Density of State (PDOS) further confirms that CH4 contributes least to the intermolecular interaction than that of CO2 and N2. Through the scrutiny of molecular orbitals, it is found that electrons transfer from the gas molecule to the metal site in the adsorption of CO2 and N2. Not only does the type of the metallic orbitals, but also the delocalization of the involved orbitals determines the selective adsorption performance of MIL‐100. Both Cr and Sc share their
orbitals with the gases, making 1MIL‐100 (1Sc) another potential effective separator for CH4. Additionally, the comparison of adsorption energy and PDOS shows that the introduction of ligands such as benzene impedes the electron donation from gas molecules (CO2, N2) to the metal site, indicating electron‐withdrawing ligands will further favor the adsorption.
Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Hydrogenation with High Activity and Tailored Selectivity Over Monodispersed Pd‐Ni Nanoalloys
Authors: Zhu Zhijie , Hu Xu , An Xingda , Xiao Mengqi , Zhang Liang , Li Chaoran , He Le
Published: November 2022

Bimetallic nanomaterials exhibit excellent catalytic performance in photothermal CO2 hydrogenation due to the synergistic effect between the two metal components. However, the component‐performance relationship remains unclear, which hinders the design of efficient bimetallic catalysts and the investigation of catalytic reaction mechanism. Here we illustrate the influence of the composition of binary alloy on their performance of photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation by using monodispersed Pd−Ni nanocrystal as an example. Our study reveals that Ni and Pd play a significantly different role in the catalytic processes. Higher Ni component in the catalysts could lead to stronger light absorption, higher activity, and lower CO selectivity. The optimized Pd4Ni1−SiO2 catalyst exhibited a near‐unity and stable CO production rate of 230 mmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 under 25‐sun illumination. This study paves the way for the usage of bimetal in photothermal CO2 catalysis towards more efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversions, and sheds light on some general design principles of bimetallic catalysts to balance the intrinsic properties of individual components.
Discrepancies and artifacts during preservation and analysis of the disinfection by‐product 2,6‐dichloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone
Authors: Mohan Aarthi , Reckhow David A.
Published: November 2022

Recent data showing fast degradation of the emerging disinfection by‐product 2,6‐dichloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DCBQ) in the presence of free chlorine seem incompatible with the high concentrations reported in drinking water distribution systems. The current study was conducted to reconcile this apparent incompatibility. Laboratory tests showed that the published protocol for DCBQ preservation, addition of formic acid without conventional reducing agents, was problematic. Formic acid does not rapidly reduce free chlorine, allowing chlorine residuals to persist during sample workup and analysis. Acidic conditions from formic acid addition along with a persistent free chlorine residual catalyzed additional DCBQ formation when organic precursors were present. This led to large positive analytical bias during formation potential testing using raw water and model precursors. DCBQ levels previously reported using the formic acid preservation method are likely to show a strong positive bias. For future testing, we recommend the use of glycine or arsenite followed by formic acid.
Survey of 226Ra/228Ra and inorganic constituents in Iowa private drinking water wells
Authors: Carolan Margaret E. , Langel Richard J. , May Dustin , DeSalvo Anthony , Gonzalez‐Ribot Humberto E. , Mattson Alyssa J. , Schueller Michael D. , Thompson Darrin A. , Cwiertny David M. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: November 2022

Radium is a naturally‐occurring radioactive element found in Upper Midwest aquifers, yet exposure risks for unregulated water sources in this region are unknown. A survey of 226/228Ra and other inorganic constituents in 94 private wells was conducted in 2019 across 10 Iowa counties. Within private wells, 53% measured below minimum detectable activity whereas 6.3% have 226/228Ra levels above the United States Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level. 226/228Ra occurrence was not associated with well‐depth or chemical surrogates, but were generally consistent with the lithology and historical water quality trends for aquifers. In 2020, 11 of the 226/228Ra‐impacted wells were re‐sampled to assess the efficacy of in‐home water treatment. Water softeners reduced 226/228Ra to non‐detectable activities, but other inorganic constituents persisted and their removal required more advanced treatment. This study suggests that 226/228Ra occurrence in private wells can reasonably be anticipated from public water supply data if reliable information is available to identify the source aquifer.
Correlation tests between relative light unit and colony forming unit for improving adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence analysis in bacterial consolidation treatments on palaeontological heritage
Authors: Marín‐Ortega Silvia , Calvo i Torras M. Àngels , Iglesias‐Campos Manuel Ángel
Published: November 2022

In this article bacterial carbonate mineralization treatments are proposed as a novel strategy for decayed fossils and palaeontological heritage conservation; specifically, by means of inoculation ofMyxococcus xanthus, a bacterium of proven effectiveness in ornamental stone bioconsolidation.

Bioconsolidation treatments can be very effective, stable, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and chemically compatible with fossil heritage. The method reproduces what nature has been doing for millennia with fossils that have been permineralized by bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation.

There is, however, some concern that bacterial inoculation could lead to the growth of undesirable microbiota, which could subsequently damage the fossil substrate. Because of this, the use of bacteria on heritage items must be meticulously monitored and analysis strategies should be carried out to detect bacteria viability during and after treatments. For this purpose, adenosine triphosphate assay is proposed in this article as a fast, affordable, portable, and easy‐to‐use system for conservators. as ATP assay results are relative and difficult to relate to colony forming unit, this study aims to improve their applicability by examining the correlation between ATP analysis and total viable bacteria count in the specific case ofM. xanthus. This research provides reference and correlatable data to obtain an approximate estimation ofM. xanthusviable bacterial colonies based on relative light unit data.
Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from the Rhizomes of Genus Atractylodes
Authors: Kim Han‐Young , Kim Jung‐Hoon
Published: November 2022

Atractylodes plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases and contain various chemical compounds. Sesquiterpenoids are the most important therapeutic compounds in Atractylodes rhizomes. Based on studies reported from 2000 to 2022, we classified sesquiterpenoids by their chemical skeletons and original resources. Moreover, we discussed their biosynthesis and physicochemical and pharmacological features. We reported sesquiterpenoids with skeletal moieties, such as monocyclic sesquiterpenes (bisabolene‐ and elemene‐type), bicyclic sesquiterpenes (eudesmane‐, isopterocarpolone‐, hydroxycarissone‐, eremophilane‐, bisesquiterpenoid‐, guaiane‐ and spirovetivane‐type and eudesmane lactones) and tricyclic sesquiterpenes (cyperene‐ and patchoulene‐type), with their biosynthetic pathways, chemical modifications and in vivo metabolites. The pharmacological activities of sesquiterpenoids as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor, anti‐diabetic and anti‐microbial and for treating gastrointestinal disorders have been reported for this genus.
A Minimal Light‐Driven System to Study the Enzymatic CO2Reduction of Formate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Laun Konstantin , Duffus Benjamin R. , Kumar Hemant , Oudsen Jean‐Pierre H. , Karafoulidi‐Retsou Chara , Tadjoung Waffo Armel , Hildebrandt Peter , Hoang Ly Khoa , Leimkühler Silke , Katz Sagie , Zebger Ingo
Published: November 2022

A minimal light‐driven approach was established for studying enzymatic CO2conversion spectroscopically. The system consists of a photosensitizer Eosin Y, EDTA as a sacrificial electron donor and substrate source, and formate dehydrogenase fromRhodobacter capsulatus(RcFDH) as a biocatalyst. This simplified three‐component system provides a photo‐triggered control forin situcharacterization of the entire catalytic reaction. Direct reduction ofRcFDH by the photosensitizer without additional electron carriers was confirmedviaUV‐Vis spectroscopy, while GC‐MS and IR spectroscopy were used to follow photoinduced CO2generation from EDTA and its subsequent enzymatic reduction, yielding the product formate. Photo‐driven andin vitro, dye‐based CO2reduction was inhibited by azide under a mixed (competitive‐non‐competitive) inhibition mode. IR spectroscopy reveals displacement of the competitively‐bound azide by CO2, reflecting an interaction of both with the active site cofactor. This work comprises a proof‐of‐concept for a new approach to employ light for regulating the reaction of formate dehydrogenases and other CO2reductases.
Carba‐Sugar Analogs of Glucosamine‐6‐Phosphate: New Activators for the glmS Riboswitch
Authors: Stängle David , Silkenath Bjarne , Gehle Paul , Esser Anna , Mayer Günter , Wittmann Valentin
Published: November 2022

Riboswitches are 5’‐untranslated mRNA regions mostly found in bacteria. They are promising drug targets to overcome emerging bacterial resistance against commonly used antibiotics. The glmS riboswitch is unique among the family of riboswitches as it is a ribozyme that undergoes self‐cleavage upon binding to glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (GlcN6P). Previously, we showed that carba glucosamine‐6‐phosphate (carba‐GlcN6P) induces self‐cleavage of the riboswitch with a potency similar to that of GlcN6P. Here, we report a synthetic approach to a new class of carba‐GlcN6P derivatives with an alkoxy substituent in the carba position. Key features of the synthesis are a ring closing metathesis followed by a hydroboration. The strategy gives access to libraries of carba‐GlcN6P derivatives. Ribozyme cleavage assays unraveled new activators for the glmS riboswitch from Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium difficile.
Sulfation of Heparan and Chondroitin Sulfate Ligands Enables Cell‐Specific Homing of Nanoprobes
Authors: Mardhekar Sandhya , Subramani Balamurugan , Samudra Prasanna , Srikanth Priyadharshini , Mahida Virendrasinh , Ravindra Bhoge Preeti , Toraskar Suraj , Abraham Nixon M. , Kikkeri Raghavendra
Published: November 2022

Demystifying the sulfation code of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) to induce precise homing of nanoparticles in tumor cells or neurons influences the development of a potential drug‐ or gene‐delivery system. However, GAGs, particularly heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), are structurally highly heterogeneous, and synthesizing well‐defined HS/CS composed nanoparticles is challenging. Here, we decipher how specific sulfation patterns on HS and CS regulate receptor‐mediated homing of nanoprobes in primary and secondary cells. We discovered that aggressive cancer cells such as MDA‐MB‐231 displayed a strong uptake of GAG‐nanoprobes compared to mild or moderately aggressive cancer cells. However, there was no selectivity towards the GAG sequences, thus indicating the presence of more than one form of receptor‐mediated uptake. However, U87 cells, olfactory bulb, and hippocampal primary neurons showed selective or preferential uptake of CS‐E‐coated nanoprobes compared to other GAG‐nanoprobes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that the 4,6‐O‐disulfated‐CS nanoprobe used the CD44 and caveolin‐dependent endocytosis pathway for uptake. These results could lead to new opportunities to use GAG nanoprobes in nanomedicine.
Modifications to a Biphenolic Antibacterial Compound: Activity against ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Roenfanz Hanna F. , Ochoa Cristian R. , Kozlowski Marisa C.
Published: November 2022

Forty‐four analogs of honokiol, a compound with known antibacterial activity, especially with respect to oral bacteria, were synthesized to explore the structure‐activity relationships against the ESKAPE pathogens. Compounds with high therapeutic indices (hemolysis20/MIC) were identified. In particular, ester‐linked compounds that would be less than environmentally durable than biaryl ether antibacterials such as the broadly used triclosan were found to be active. MRSA mutants could be generated against some, but not all, of the highly active compounds. Based on gene sequencing results, membrane permeability, intracellular sodium, and intracellular pH assays revealed overlapping mechanisms of action.
N6‐methyladenosine reader YTHDF3 regulates melanoma metastasis via its ‘executor' LOXL3
Authors: Shi Hao‐ze , Xiong Jing‐shu , Gan Lu , Zhang Ying , Zhang Cong‐cong , Kong Ying‐qi , Miao Qiu‐ju , Tian Cui‐cui , Li Rong , Liu Jin‐quan , Zhang Er‐jia , Bu Wen‐bo , Wang Yan , Cheng Xian‐feng , Sun Jian‐fang , Chen Hao
Published: November 2022

Background

A number of studies have demonstrated that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a vital role in the pathological process of various tumours. Recently, it was found that m6A writers or erasers affect the tumourigenesis of melanoma. However, the relationship between m6A readers such as YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins and melanoma was still elusive.

Methods

RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to measure the expression level of YTH N6–methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3 (YTHDF3) and lysyl oxidase–like 3 (LOXL3) in melanoma tissues and cells. The effects of YTHDF3 and LOXL3 on melanoma were verified in vitro and in vivo. Multi‐omics analysis including RNA‐seq, MeRIP‐seq, RIP‐seq and mass spectrometry analyses was performed to identify the target. The interaction between YTHDF3 and LOXL3 was verified by RT‐PCR, Western blot, MeRIP‐qPCR, RIP‐qPCR and CRISPR‐Cas13b‐based epitranscriptome engineering.

Results

In this study, we found that m6A reader YTHDF3 could affect the metastasis of melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. The downstream targets of YTHDF3, such as LOXL3, phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) were identified by means of RNA‐seq, MeRIP‐seq, RIP‐seq and mass spectrometry analyses. Besides, RT‐qPCR, Western blot, RIP‐qPCR and MeRIP‐qPCR were performed for subsequent validation. Among various targets of YTHDF3, LOXL3 was found to be the optimal target of YTHDF3. With the application of CRISPR–Cas13b‐based epitranscriptome engineering, we further confirmed that the transcript of LOXL3 was captured and regulated by YTHDF3 via m6A binding sites. YTHDF3 augmented the protein expression of LOXL3 without affecting its mRNA level via the enrichment of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3A) on the transcript of LOXL3. LOXL3 downregulation inhibited the metastatic ability of melanoma cells, and overexpression of LOXL3 ameliorated the inhibition of melanoma metastasis caused by YTHDF3 downregulation.

Conclusions

The YTHDF3‐LOXL3 axis could serve as a promising target to be interfered with to inhibit the metastasis of melanoma.
Data‐centric approaches in the Internet of Vehicles: A systematic review on techniques, open issues, and future directions
Authors: Partovi Zahra , Zarei Mani , Rahmani Amir Masoud
Published: November 2022

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an emerging network of connected vehicles as a branch of dynamic objects in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. With the rapid development of IoV, real‐time data‐centric applications would be a significant concern in academia and industry to promote efficiency and realize modern services in such high dynamic networks. In this paper, we aim to present a systematic literature review (SLR) for the IoV networks to investigate the different attitudes in the field of data‐centric approaches. This paper systematically categorizes the 48 recent articles on data‐driven techniques in the IoV field published from 2017 to March 2022. A complete technical taxonomy is presented for the data‐centric approaches in IoV according to the content of current studies. Collected methods are chosen with the SLR process, and they are investigated considering some technical classifications including IoV security, data traffic, vehicular social network, data propagation, energy, and multimedia categories. The achievements, drawbacks, and new findings of studies are carefully investigated for addressing the deficiencies, as well as emphasizing future research direction and open issues of data‐driven approaches in IoV.
Performance of the heart failure risk scores in predicting 1 year mortality and short‐term readmission of patients
Authors: Bo Xiangwei , Zhang Yahao , Liu Yang , Kharbuja Naresh , Chen Lijuan
Published: November 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to assess the performance of these main scores in predicting prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods and results

A total of 2008 patients who were admitted to the Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong, Sichuan, from December 2016 to June 2019 and diagnosed with HF were included in the study. We compared the prognostic predictive performance of Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM), Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC‐HF) risk score, Get With the Guidelines‐Heart Failure programme (GWTG‐HF), Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure (ASCEND) risk scores, the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) model, Barcelona Bio‐Heart Failure (BCN‐Bio‐HF) risk calculator, and Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico‐Heart Failure (GISSI‐HF) for the endpoints. The primary endpoint was 1 year all‐cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was the incidence of 28 day readmission post‐discharge. At 1 year follow‐up, 44 (2.21%) patients with HF died. Discrimination analyses showed that all risk scores performed reasonably well in predicting 1 year mortality, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) fluctuating between 0.757 and 0.822. GISSI‐HF showed the best discrimination with the AUC of 0.822 (0.768–0.876), followed by MAGGIC‐HF, BCN‐Bio‐HF, ASCEND, SHFM, GWTG‐HF, and ADHERE with AUCs of 0.819 (0.756–0.883), 0.812 (0.758–0.865), 0.802 (0.742–0.862), 0.787 (0.725–0.849), 0.762 (0.684–0.840), and 0.757 (0.681–0.833), respectively. All risk scores were similarly predictive of 28 day emergency readmissions, with AUCs fluctuating between 0.609 and 0.680. Overestimation of mortality occurred in all scores except the ASCEND. The risk scores remained with good prognostic discrimination in patients with biventricular HF and in the subgroup of patients taking angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker.

Conclusions

Currently assessed risk scores have limited clinical utility, with fair accuracy and calibration in assessing patients' 1 year risk of death and poor accuracy in assessing patients' risk of readmission. There is a need to incorporate more patient‐level information, use more advanced technologies, and develop models for different subgroups of patients to achieve more practical, innovative, and accurate risk assessment tools.
Identification of essential tremor based on resting‐state functional connectivity
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Chen Huiyue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Hansheng , Tao Li , He Wanlin , Li Qin , Cheng Oumei , Luo Jing , Man Yun , Xiao Zheng , Fang Weidong
Published: November 2022

Currently, machine‐learning algorithms have been considered the most promising approach to reach a clinical diagnosis at the individual level. This study aimed to investigate whether the whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) metrics combined with machine‐learning algorithms could be used to identify essential tremor (ET) patients from healthy controls (HCs) and further revealed ET‐related brain network pathogenesis to establish the potential diagnostic biomarkers. The RSFC metrics obtained from 127 ET patients and 120 HCs were used as input features, then the Mann–Whitney U test and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were applied to reduce feature dimensionality. Four machine‐learning algorithms were adopted to identify ET from HCs. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the classification performances. The support vector machine, gradient boosting decision tree, random forest and Gaussian naïve Bayes algorithms could achieve good classification performances with accuracy at 82.8%, 79.4%, 78.9% and 72.4%, respectively. The most discriminative features were primarily located in the cerebello‐thalamo‐motor and non‐motor circuits. Correlation analysis showed that two RSFC features were positively correlated with tremor frequency and four RSFC features were negatively correlated with tremor severity. The present study demonstrated that combining the RSFC matrices with multiple machine‐learning algorithms could not only achieve high classification accuracy for discriminating ET patients from HCs but also help us to reveal the potential brain network pathogenesis in ET.
The S&P 500 index inclusion effect: Evidence from the options market
Authors: Coakley Jerry , Dotsis George , Kourtis Apostolos , Psychoyios Dimitris
Published: November 2022

This paper employs forward‐looking information from the options market to shed light on the comovement implications of S&P 500 index inclusion events over the 1997–2020 period. To this end, we test if forward‐looking implied betas impound significant pre‐inclusion information that is not embedded in historical betas. The empirical results show that the increase in post‐inclusion implied betas is significantly smaller than the corresponding increase in historical or hybrid betas. In most cases, changes in implied betas show no evidence of excess comovement after S&P 500 index inclusion. Our findings suggest that added stocks experience changes prior to the index addition announcement and this leads to the ‘index inclusion effect’ reported to the literature.
Effect of prosocial behavior on school bullying victimization among children and adolescents: Peer and student–teacher relationships as mediators
Authors: Fu Xinyuan , Li Shuxian , Shen Chen , Zhu Keke , Zhang Mei , Liu Yaqian , Zhang Mengyuan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

In this study, we examined the relationship between prosocial behavior and school bullying victimization in children and adolescents. We also tested the mediating effects of peer alienation and student–teacher closeness, as well as the moderating effect of the educational stage.

Methods

In total, 538 children and adolescents were recruited from three suburban schools in Beijing, China (252 boys, 286 girls; mean age = 12.47; 237 elementary school students, 101 middle school students, and 200 high school students). The participants were asked to complete the measures of prosocial behavior, peer alienation, and student–teacher closeness at the initial time point and reported school bullying victimization 3 months later.

Results

We found that prosocial behavior was directly and negatively associated with traditional bullying victimization (i.e., physical, nonphysical, and relational); however, it had no direct association with cyberbullying victimization. Prosocial behavior was indirectly associated with school bullying victimization (except in the relational dimension) via peer alienation, but no indirect effect of student–teacher closeness was found. Besides, the associations between prosocial behavior, peer alienation, student–teacher closeness, and bullying victimization were found equally among elementary, middle, and high school students.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that prosocial behavior is an important factor associated with decreased school bullying victimization, and peer relationships play a mediating role in this association. Our study extends the current understanding of prosocial behavior primarily as a consequence of child and adolescent development to an antecedent (of school bullying victimization), which contributes to a more comprehensive view of prosocial behavior.
Resting‐state coupling between HbO and Hb measured by fNIRS in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lin Fang , Hu Ying , Huang Weihao , Wu Xiaoyin , Sun Huiwen , Li Jun
Published: November 2022

To distinguish between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children, we have uncovered a new discriminative feature, hemoglobin coupling. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record resting‐state hemodynamic fluctuations in the bilateral temporal lobes in 25 children with ASD and 22 TD children, in which the coupling between low frequency oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) fluctuations was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed significantly weak coupling in children with ASD in both the left and right, and throughout the whole temporal cortex. To explain this observation, a simulation study was performed using a balloon model, in which we found four related parameters could impact the coupling. This study suggested that hemoglobin coupling might be applied as a new cerebral hemodynamic characteristic for ASD screening or diagnostics.
Modulation of gene expression by YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins in human physiology and pathology
Authors: Kisan Aju , Chhabra Ravindresh
Published: November 2022

The advent of high throughput techniques in the past decade has significantly advanced the field of epitranscriptomics. The internal chemical modification of the target RNA at a specific site is a basic feature of epitranscriptomics and is critical for its structural stability and functional property. More than 170 modifications at the transcriptomic level have been reported so far, among which m6A methylation is one of the more conserved internal RNA modifications, abundantly found in eukaryotic mRNAs and frequently involved in enhancing the target messenger RNA's (mRNA) stability and translation. m6A modification of mRNAs is essential for multiple physiological processes including stem cell differentiation, nervous system development and gametogenesis. Any aberration in the m6A modification can often result in a pathological condition. The deregulation of m6A methylation has already been described in inflammation, viral infection, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The m6A modification is reversible in nature and is carried out by specialized m6A proteins including writers (m6A methyltransferases) that add methyl groups and erasers (m6A demethylases) that remove methyl groups selectively. The fate of m6A‐modified mRNA is heavily reliant on the various m6A‐binding proteins (“readers”) which recognize and generate a functional signal from m6A‐modified mRNA. In this review, we discuss the role of a family of reader proteins, “YT521‐B homology domain containing family” (YTHDF) proteins, in human physiology and pathology. In addition, we critically evaluate the potential of YTHDF proteins as therapeutic targets in human diseases.
Implementation of the I‐PASS handoff program in diverse clinical environments: A multicenter prospective effectiveness implementation study
Authors: Starmer Amy J. , Spector Nancy D. , O'Toole Jennifer K. , Bismilla Zia , Calaman Sharon , Campos Maria‐Lucia , Coffey Maitreya , Destino Lauren A. , Everhart Jennifer L. , Goldstein Jenna , Graham Dionne A. , Hepps Jennifer H. , Howell Eric E. , Kuzma Nicholas , Maynard Greg , Melvin Patrice , Patel Shilpa J. , Popa Alina , Rosenbluth Glenn , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Sectish Theodore C. , Srivastava Rajendu , West Daniel C. , Yu Clifton E. , Landrigan Christopher P. ,   the I‐PASS SHM Mentored Implementation Study Group
Published: November 2022

Background

Handoff miscommunications are a leading source of medical errors. Harmful medical errors decreased in pediatric academic hospitals following implementation of the I‐PASS handoff improvement program. However, implementation across specialties has not been assessed.

Objective

To determine if I‐PASS implementation across diverse settings would be associated with improvements in patient safety and communication.

Design

Prospective Type 2 Hybrid effectiveness implementation study.

Settings and Participants

Residents from diverse specialties across 32 hospitals (12 community, 20 academic).

Intervention

External teams provided longitudinal coaching over 18 months to facilitate implementation of an enhanced I‐PASS program and monthly metric reviews.

Main Outcome and Measures

Systematic surveillance surveys assessed rates of resident‐reported adverse events. Validated direct observation tools measured verbal and written handoff quality.

Results

2735 resident physicians and 760 faculty champions from multiple specialties (16 internal medicine, 13 pediatric, 3 other) participated. 1942 error surveillance reports were collected. Major and minor handoff‐related reported adverse events decreased 47% following implementation, from 1.7 to 0.9 major events/person‐year (p < .05) and 17.5 to 9.3 minor events/person‐year (p < .001). Implementation was associated with increased inclusion of all five key handoff data elements in verbal (20% vs. 66%, p < .001, n = 4812) and written (10% vs. 74%, p < .001, n = 1787) handoffs, as well as increased frequency of handoffs with high quality verbal (39% vs. 81% p < .001) and written (29% vs. 78%, p < .001) patient summaries, verbal (29% vs. 78%, p < .001) and written (24% vs. 73%, p < .001) contingency plans, and verbal receiver syntheses (31% vs. 83%, p < .001). Improvement was similar across provider types (adult vs. pediatric) and settings (community vs. academic).
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate polymer membranes as eco‐friendly and biodegradable coatings for slow release fertilizers
Authors: Meng Wen , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Xianglu , Zhu Wending , Huang Handa , Han Xiaozhao , Liu Yahua , Xu Chao
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

The use of slow release fertilizers (SRFs) is an effective approach for reducing agriculture cost, environmental and ecological issues simultaneously. The present study provides a series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) polymer membranes as eco‐friendly and biodegradable coatings for SRFs. Moreover, polymer‐coated urea (PCU) granules were fabricated through coating the urea granules with the resulting membranes. Our first interest was to fabricate three membranes (PS1, PS2, PS3) of different PVA/SA weight ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3) using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, and crosslink the PS3 membrane with a CaCl2 solution further to obtain the PC3 membrane. The chemical properties and morphologies of the membranes were characterized. Second, the nitrogen release behavior of the PCU granules was measured and calculated, respectively.

RESULTS

Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde made the PS1, PS2, PS3 membranes uniform and compact, whereas crosslinking with a CaCl2 solution formed an ‘egg box’ structure inside the PC3 membrane. PS3 membrane with the minimum PVA/SA weight ratio had the highest hydrophily (water uptake: 106.25%, water contact angle: 55.1o), whereas PC3 membrane had the lowest hydrophily (water uptake: 21.57%, water contact angle: 67.3o). The biodegradation ratios of the membranes were in the range 44–60% in 90 days, indicating that they had excellent biodegradability. The measured fractional release on the day 30 of the PCU granules ranged from 89.33% to 97.07%. The calculated nitrogen release behavior agreed well with the measured values.

CONCLUSION

The resulting eco‐friendly and biodegradable PVA/SA membranes are alternative coatings for SRFs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for near‐optimal controls of a stochastic West Nile virus system with spatial diffusion
Authors: Shao Minna , Zhang Qimin , Zhao Hongyong
Published: November 2022

Near‐optimal controls are as meaningful as optimal controls given both theory and applications; however, they are usually much easier to be obtained than optimal ones, which are simply impossible to be obtained in many complicated systems. Therefore, this paper focuses on the near‐optimal control problems of a stochastic West Nile virus system with spatial diffusion describing the virus transmission among the bird, mosquito, and human populations. First, we introduce two control variables, namely, antimosquito and the treatment of the infected humans, into the system and prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the system. Second, the necessary and sufficient conditions for two controls to be near‐optimal are acquired in terms of a Hamiltonian function and a small parameter
based on the Ekeland principle, the adjoint equation, and some prior estimates. Finally, we use numerical simulations to illustrate the theoretical results and conclude that mosquito control is the most critical factor preventing West Nile virus.
The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and quality of life among patients after radical cystectomy: A structural equation model analysis
Authors: Yu Shuhui , Yao Xiuyu , Sang Yonghui , Yu Lingling , Shen Yiru , Che Xinyan , Ding Yanming , Huang Yanbo
Published: November 2022

Aim

This study aimed to examine the relationship between social support and quality of life in urostomy patients and identify the mediating role of resilience in that relationship.

Design

A cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Participants included 232 patients who were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Beijing during March 2020 and August 2020. They completed questionnaires about perceived social support, resilience and ostomy‐related quality of life. Structural equation modelling was performed to analyse the data.

Results

The mean age of patients was 65.79 (SD = 8.67) years, and the mean length of time after surgery was 42.14 (SD = 15.76) months. Urostomy patients' quality of life, social support and resilience were all above moderate. Social support had a positive direct effect on the quality of life and a positive indirect effect on the quality of life through the mediating role of resilience.
An Early Holocene case of congenital syphilis in South America
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo , Strauss André , Murrieta Rui , Castro Claudio , Matioli Antônio
Published: November 2022

Over millennia, treponematoses have been present in the American continent. The search for the oldest case and the description of the pathological characteristics are fundamental to understanding the evolutionary history of treponemal diseases, as well as the evolution of the humans who contracted them. A child with a minimum age of 9400 years before present exhumed at “Lapa do Santo” cave, Brazil, presents characteristic lesions of congenital syphilis. This well‐preserved skeleton with dental and bone pathological evidence is the oldest syphilitic case of America and reinforces the presence of syphilis, at least 10,000 years ago, in the continent.