bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa di UPTD Smp Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli Utara Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Halawa Agusrita , Lahagu Arianto
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari pengamatan peneliti pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran di UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli Utara yang selama ini memiliki faktor suatu hambatan dalam proses pembelajarannya salah satunya masih menggunakan model konvensional (ceramah) sehingga hasil belajar siswa masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif, Siswa kelas VIII di UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli Utara yang terdiri dari dua kelas dimana kelas VIII-A dan VIII-D. Kelas VIII-A berjumlah 20 orang sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan kelas VIII-D berjumlah 20 orang sebagai kelas kontrol dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Konvesional. Instrumen yang digunakan peneliti berupa tes uraian sebanyak 5 soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, secara spesifik disimpulkan bahwa rata – rata hasil belajar siswa pada pemberian tes akhir kelas eksperimen yaitu 84,33 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol dengan rata – rata hasil belajar siswa yaitu 73,73. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan statistik parametrik yaitu Uji t independen diperoleh ??i???g = 6,592 dan ?????? = 2,004 Karena t = 6,592 tidak terletak pada interval –2,004 ? t ? 2,004, maka tolak H0 Ditolak Ha Diterima. Simpulan umum dapat disampaikan bahwa, ada pengaruh model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada  mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu Kelas VIII-A UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli Utara Tahun pelajaran 2022/2023.
Pengembangan RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bertanya dalam Mengatasi Silence Culture Kelas X di SMK Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli
Authors: Harefa Mei Nelvi Daryani , Lahagu Arianto
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari hasil observasi di SMK Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli yang selama ini komponen RPP yang digunakan sudah lengkap dan sesuai namun masih belum mencantumkan rincian penggunaan waktu, indikator serta media yang digunakan, pembelajaran masih berpusat pada guru dengan metode ceramah yang membuat peserta didik kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team pada materi rencana usaha kecil dan menengah, untuk mengetahui pengembangan RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team pada materi rencana usaha kecil dan menengah, kelayakan dan kepraktisan. Hasil validasi materi oleh validator I pada RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team sebesar 96,55% dengan kriteria sangat layak, hasil validasi materi oleh validator II pada RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team sebesar 97,41% dengan kriteria sangat layak, hasil validasi bahasa oleh validator III pada RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team sebesar 97,5% dengan kriteria sangat layak, hasil validasi desain oleh validator IV pada RPP Berbasis Model Quiz Team sebesar 95,83% dengan kriteria sangat layak. Kepraktisan keterampilan bertanya pada uji coba skala kecil sebesar 85,92% dengan kriteria sangat praktis dan uji coba lapangan sebesar 94,85% dengan kriteria sangat praktis.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Tipe Think Pair Share Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Waruwu Oscar Olta , Zebua Serniati
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari pengamatan peneliti pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho yang selama ini mengalami hambatan dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar siswa masih tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Tipe Think Pair Share pada mata pelajaran IPS di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023 dan (2) untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Tipe Think Pair Share pada mata IPS di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VIII dengan jumlah siswa 22 orang. Insrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi guru dan siswa, tes hasil belajar dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa: (1) Hasil observasi guru pada siklus I mencapai rata-rata 49,03%, sedangkan pada siklus II adalah 89,42%. (2) Hasil observasi aktivitas siswa pada siklus I 49,56%, dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 86,21%. (3) Hasil evaluasi pembelajaran pada siklus I diperoleh mencapai rata-rata yaitu 68,82 dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 76,81. (4) Presentase ketuntasan yang dicapai pada siklus I adalah sebesar 45,45% dan siklus II mencapai sebesar 86,36%. Kesimpulannya bahwa ada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajar IPS dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Tipe Think Pair Share di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Hiliduho Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023.
Error Analysis of Students’ Pronunciation in Pronouncing English Vowels And Consonants
Authors: Hutapea Niagara Ramses Pandapotan , Lubis Nurhalimah , Manik Sondang , Manurung Lastri Wahyuni
Published: March 2024

This final project is a study about Error Analysis Of Students’ Pronunciation in Pronouncing English Vowels And Consonants of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic Year 2023/2024. (A case Study of the Eleventh Grade of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic Year 2023/2024). Most of the students may have problems to pronounce English vowels and consonants, although they get an English subject in their school and they can not master the English pronunciation well. Therefore, the students often make problem. This study was conducted under the consideration that pronouncing English vowels plays an important role. The problems of this study are what kinds of problem the students make in pronouncing English vowels and why these problem happen/occur. The purposes of the study are to find out kinds of problem made by students in pronouncing English vowels and consonants and to find out the factors why these problem happen/occur. The population of this study was the Eleventh grade of SMK Swasta Harapan Baru Medan in the Academic year of 2023/2024. Before the test doing the test, the writer observed the condition of the classroom during the language learning process. The writer wants to know the way how teacher explains the material and what the students are doing during the lesson. The instrument used by the writer in this final tape recorder which were used to record the students’ pronunciation. In analyzing the data, error analysis was used in which there were three steps: transcribing the students’ pronunciation into the phonetic transcriptions, problem in pronouncing English short vowels, problem in pronouncing English long vowels. Finally, the result of the analysis shows that students are considered “Enough” in pronouncing English vowels and consonants.
Peran Koperasi Sekolah Dalam Membangun Mental Kewirausahaan Siswa Di Mts Darrul Ilmi
Authors: Azzara Anggi Putri , Perkasa Ripho Delzy
Published: March 2024

Mengenalkan jiwa wirausahawan sejak dini kepada generasi muda merupakan hal yang sangat baik untuk dilakukan, generasi muda akan mendapatkan kesempatan lebih luas dalam mengembangkan mental berwirausaha. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran koperasi sekolah dalam membangun mental kewirausahaan siswa di MTS Darrul Ilmi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa, wawancara dan observasi. Berdasarkan penelitian hasil analisis yang ditemukan bahwa peran koperasi sekolah dalam membangun mental kewirausahaan di MTS Darrul Ilmi yaitu membuat siswa berfikir maju dan mengembangkan usaha sesuai dengan kebutuhan di lingkungan sekolah.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas VII Pada Pembelajaran IPA Di SMPN Satap 7 Ende
Authors: Daud Maimunah H. , Mete Yuliana Yenita
Published: March 2024

Example Non Example  bagi peserta didik kelas VII pada mata pelajaran IPA Terpadu materi Struktur daun di SMP SATAP Negeri 7 Ende  (2) bagaimanakah hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII dalam pembelajaran IPA terpadu setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Example Non Example di SMPN SATAP Negeri 7 Ende?. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, dengan menggunakan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana data kualitatif dikumpulkan dan dianalisis kemudian pengolahan data kuantitatif dengan berdasarkan masalah atau hasil kualitatif, dan terakhir diinterpretasikan berdasarkan data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Setelah dilakukan analisis dan pengolahan data, disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Example Non Example dalam pembelajaran IPA dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMPN SATAP Negeri 7 Ende. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari pertemuan pada siklus I rata-rata 66 dan ketuntasan belajarnya hanya 70%, sedangkan pada siklus II rata-rata kelas meningkat menjadi 71 dan mencapai 100% .
Hyperuricemia, gout and digestive system pathology: common links of pathogenesis
Authors: Konyshko N. A. , Morozova T. E. , Tsurko V. V. , Konyshko G. S.
Published: March 2024

The aim: to study and present scientists opinions on the direct and indirect clinical and pathogenetic purine compounds metabolism relationships with the digestive system physiological and pathological processes in normal uric acid levels conditions and in hyperuricemia and gout cases. Material and methods. A comprehensive analysis of available modern scientific official sources and regulatory documents for the last decade in the Scopus, PubMed.com, E-library databases. Conclusion. Based on the modern scientific literature data and numerous studies, we can say that there is a pathogenetic relationship between the level of uric acid and the digestive organs defeat.
Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease with gastritis activity in schoolchildren living in a region with a high incidence of gastric and esophageal cancer
Authors: Polivanova T. V. , Kasparov E. V. , Vshivkov V. A.
Published: March 2024

Aim. To study the activity of the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa (GM) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in schoolchildren living in a region with a high incidence of stomach and esophageal cancer. Material and methods. The transverse method in the Republic of Tyva collected data on the presence of gastroenterological complaints in 1535 schoolchildren aged 7-17 years. The main diagnostic criterion for GERD was the presence of weekly heartburn in the subjects. Subsequently, esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed with the taking of biopsy material of the mucosa of the antrum and body of the stomach in 246 children. Morphological assessment of GM was carried out in accordance with the Sydney classification after staining biopsy sections with hematoxylin-eosin. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori was carried out after staining according to Giemsa. The studies were approved by the ethics committee and the consent of the examined was obtained. Results. Schoolchildren in Tyva have a high prevalence of GERD (9.5%). Associative relationship of GERD with gastritis activity, both in the body (p=0.7338) and in the antrum (p=0.2036) was not revealed. In the antrum, the activity of gastritis was higher than in the body of the stomach (p=0.0001). In children with GERD, when infected with Helicobacter pylori, there was an increase in activity, both in the antrum (p=0.0001) and in the body of the stomach (p=0.0159). At the same time, in children with GERD, the inflammatory process is associated with infection by a microorganism, regardless of its belonging to the Cag A strain. Conclusion. An association of GERD with highly active Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis has been established, regardless of whether the microorganism belongs to the Cag A strain.
Coagulological disorders during liver resections in patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Zarivchatskiy M. F. , Kamenskikh E. D. , Mugatarov I. N. , Amarantov D. G.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study. To study the coagulation profile of patients undergoing liver resections using laboratory tests and thromboelastography. Materials and methods. The results of observation of coagulological changes in 45 patients were studied: with colorectal liver metastases - 24 (53.3%) cases, with hepatocellular cancer - 14 (31.1%), with cholangiocellular cancer - 7 (15.6%). Right-sided hemihepatectomy was performed in 22 (48.9%) patients, right-sided extended hemihepatectomy - in 7 (15.6%), left-sided hemihepatectomy - in 8 (17.8%), resection of the left sector - in 8 (17.8%). Laboratory diagnostics included standard conventional coagulation tests and thromboelastography. Results. The concentrations of total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased up to 3 days of the postoperative period inclusive. The international normalized ratio increased significantly after liver resection immediately after surgery, as well as after 1, 3 and 5 days of observation. The level of fibrinogen in the first day after surgery decreases, and then increased to the initial value. Thromboelastometric parameters indicated a stable and normal coagulation function with a short ability to hypercoagulate immediately after liver resection. Conclusion. Although standard routine laboratory tests such as activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio may remain within normal limits or indicate hypocoagulation, the patient may be at risk for thrombosis. Thromboelastography measures the rate of formation, stabilization, and lysis of a clot using whole blood, which gives a more complete picture of coagulation status. Thus, routine laboratory parameters alone should not be used to decide whether to delay thromboembolic prophylaxis after liver resection.
Immediate and long-term consequences of the treatment of cholelithiasis by laparoscopic cholecystolithoextraction
Authors: Tegai A. V.
Published: March 2024

The use of organ-preserving interventions for cholelithiasis is not widely used in modern medicine, although there are publications in the literature about the implementation of such interventions in some clinics. In the period 2004-2006 in the Republican Center for Functional Surgical Gastroenterology (Krasnodar), 12 surgical interventions were performed for cholelithiasis with preservation of the gallbladder (laparoscopic cholecystolithoextraction). From 2009 to 2011 the patients were called and examined (the first follow-up examination, on average 2.2 years after the operation). There were no signs of recurrence in 9 operated patients (of which 4 had an echogenic homogeneous suspension), in 3 patients a recurrence of stone formation was detected. Due to the reorganization and subsequent closure of the center, communication with patients was terminated. In 2023 (on average 15.5 years after surgery), patients who did not have a relapse at the first follow-up examination were examined. It was found that 3 out of 9 patients had no gallbladder stones, 3 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to relapse after the first follow-up examination, with 3 patients the relationship could not be established. The results of laparoscopic cholecystolithoextraction were analyzed depending on the clinical situation.
Choice of antihyprtensive therapy at varios stages of metabolically associated lever disease
Authors: Lasebnik L. B. , Chikhireva L. N. , Chikhirev O. A. , Li E. D.
Published: March 2024

Metabolic dysfunction associated steatatotic liver disease (MASLD) and hypertension are two chronic progressive diseases that require a comprehensive approach. The article discusses approaches to the appointment of hypotensive and hypolipidemic therapy in patients with MASLD, depending on the stage of the disease.
Malnutrition, dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and sarcopenia - features of combined pathology
Authors: Kurmaev D. P. , Bulgakova S. V. , Treneva E. V. , Pervyshin N. A. , Sharonova L. A. , Dolgikh Yu. A.
Published: March 2024

One of the risk factors for the development of sarcopenia is malnutrition. Impairment of the energy value of the diet, the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, a decrease in the protein-amino acid component of the nutritional diet - all this can lead to the development of sarcopenia. The intestinal microflora plays an important role in the process of growth and development of muscle tissue, in preventing its degradation with age. Fatty hepatosis and cirrhosis of the liver can also cause the development of sarcopenia. The problem is urgent and modern, and needs to be studied, which is what this literature review is dedicated to.
Excess body weight, duration of insulin and antihypertensive therapy slow down the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pervyshin N. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Vasilkova V. N. , Sharonova L. A. , Galkin R. A. , Lebedeva E. A.
Published: March 2024

Objective: to study and clinically substantiate the relationship between overweight and the dynamics of CKD progression in patients with type 2 diabetes of different age groups using the diagnostic parameter Index of glomerular filtration rate reduction. Material and methods: a single-stage cross-sectional observational study of clinical indicators in a population sample of patients with type 2 diabetes of different age groups was performed, patterns of relationships, significance of differences in mean values and measures of influence (OR (95%CI)) were studied between the indicators of BMI, the stage of obesity and the presence of a diagnosis of obesity in the anamnesis and the original calculated diagnostic parameter, the Index of glomerular filtration rate reduction (RI_GFR), which allows to give an objective quantitative characteristic of the rate of progression of CKD. Results: significant correlations were established between RI_GFR and indicators of age, BMI, DM experience and duration of insulin therapy, a significant inverse relationship with BMI was noted only in the older group; when analyzing differences in the average values of clinical indicators in the groups of rapid and slow progression of CKD, divided by the threshold value of RI_GFR, significant factors affecting the rate of progression were determined CKD: DM experience, duration of insulin therapy, BMI; the logistic regression analysis determined the measure of the influence of the above factors on the dynamics of GFR reduction, confirmed its significance; when analyzing the factors of drug treatment in the elderly group, it was revealed that an integrated approach to the appointment of antihypertensive therapy (prescribing drugs of three or more groups) significantly reduces the risk of rapid progression of CKD. Conclusions: the most significant risk factors for the high rate of progression of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight in the general sample and in patients of the older age group are the length of diabetes and duration of insulin therapy; the dynamics of GFR reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes of different age groups is interrelated with BMI, and in patients with overweight CKD progresses more slowly; an integrated approach to prescribing antihypertensive therapy (prescribing drugs of three or more groups) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes significantly reduces the risk of rapid progression of CKD.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome: possible ways to correct metabolic disorders
Authors: Dolgikh Yu. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Sharonova L. A. , Treneva E. V. , Kosareva O. V. , Kurmaev D. P.
Published: March 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age. The prevalence of this pathology is approximately 15-20%. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, and polycystic ovaries. More than half of patients with PCOS have a metabolic syndrome, the main component of which is visceral obesity and insulin resistance, which play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Insulin resistance is a marker of cardiometabolic risk and can lead to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism disorders up to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Therefore, in the treatment of patients with PCOS, an important aspect is the impact on insulin sensitivity and body weight. This review focuses on various groups of drugs that can potentially have a positive effect on metabolic disorders in PCOS. Among them are metformin, drugs with an incretin effect, as well as drugs for weight loss. Given the similarity of the metabolic and pathological features of PCOS and DM2, as well as the diversity of therapeutic options, there is a potential for expanding the strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders in PCOS, including through antidiabetic drugs, which, however, requires further study. It should be noted that surgical treatment of obesity also has a beneficial effect and contributes to the normalization of the menstrual cycle and the normalization of the hormonal and metabolic profile in patients with PCOS and severe obesity.
Neurofibromatoses: pathomorphological and clinical polymorphism, efficacy of targeted therapy
Authors: Tsotsonava Zh. M. , Tkacheva N. V. , Gasanova S. . , Dzeitova A. .
Published: March 2024

Neurofibromatoses are a group of inherited monogenic diseases with variable expression, characterized by the development of multiple tumors in tissues of neuroectodermal origin. Despite the similarity of phenotypic manifestations, each form differs in the spectrum of clinical manifestations, onset age of the first symptoms, severity of course, and approaches to treatment, the results of which are reflected in the prognosis and patients’ quality of life. The article analyzes the data from domestic and foreign studies on various forms of neurofibromatosis. The diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, molecular considerations, and clinical manifestations, as well as treatment, including the example of 2 own clinical observations are discussed in this article.
Perinatal risk factors for asphyxia and the occurrence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns
Authors: Zakharova N. I. , Pak L. A. , Malyutina L. V. , Petrova A. S. , Brezhneva E. V. , Lavrentiev S. N. , Kondratyev M. V. , Gryzunova A. S. , Shvedova M. A. , Pozdnyakova M. A. , Aksenov D. V.
Published: March 2024

Intranatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of newborns are caused by risk factors from both the mother and the fetus, which makes the pathophysiology of this condition extremely difficult. Data from the federal statistical observation form No. 32 for the Moscow region show minor changes in the number of chronic diseases, a burdened obstetric and gynecological history, as well as pathology during pregnancy and childbirth in pregnant women over 3 years Perinatal risk factors were significantly more common in newborns with severe intranatal asphyxia and HIE compared with a moderate degree who underwent a therapeutic hypothremia procedure. Complications during the birth process, surgical methods of rapid fetal extraction (vacuum extractor) were the causal factors of asphyxia. To a minor extent, the asphyxia of the newborn is affected by the untimely discharge of amniotic fluid.
Optimizing diagnosis and treatment of infants with congenital heart disease and pneumonia: A 15 years’ experience
Authors: Degtyareva E. A. , Pavlova E. S. , Ovsannikov D. U. , Mwela B. M. , Kufa M. A. , Sheiko C. N. , Vavilova G. N. , Kondratieva E. I.
Published: March 2024

Pneumonia is the most frequent infectious intercurrent pathology in children with Congenital heart disease. It is the reason for forced postponement of life-saving cardiac surgery. Our fifteen years’ experience of children with congenital heart disease and pneumonia during the preoperative period, allows not only to predict the course of pneumonia in infants with CHD but also to provide an optimal algorithm for diagnosis and therapy to reduce the time of convalescences and preoperative preparation.
تدريس مادة الاجتماعيات من خلال تعليم التفكير وأثره في تحصيل طلاب الصفالثاني متوسط وتنمية تفكيرهم
Authors: م.د. رياض نوري محمد مردان الفيلي
Published: March 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تنمية التفكير ورفع مستوى التحصيل لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط، واتبع الباحث الطريقة التجريبية التي اعتمدت على تصميم شبه تجريبي، تكونت العينة من (٥٧) طالب ، قسمت إلى مجموعتين المجموعة التجريبية (۳۱) طالب ، والمجموعة الضابطة (٢٦ طالب). تتكون المواد والأدوات البحثية من دليل المعلم واستطلاع رأي لمدرسي مادة الاجتماعيات في المرحلة المتوسطة لتحديد أهم ثمان مهارات تفكير مناسبة لتدريس مادة الاجتماعيات لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط ، واختبار تحصيل، واختبار تفكير تمت معالجة البيانات باستخدام الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) باستخدام اختبار للمجموعات المرتبطة والمجموعات غير المرتبطة ، وتم حساب حجم التأثير باستخدام مربع ETA" . في المجموعات التجريبية والضابطة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية ، وكذلك وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية في التطبيق القبلي والبعدي لصالح التطبيق البعدي.
 حيث اظهرت الدراسة إلى فاعلية تدريس التفكير من خلال المنهج على تنمية التفكير ورفع مستوى التحصيل".
Forecasting Urban Water Escherichia coli Contamination Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: Iyer Vidhatri
Published: March 2024

The state of Indiana ranks first in the nation for water recreation impairments due to contaminated waterways. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 73% of rivers and streams and 23% of lakes and reservoirs have recreational use impairments like swimming, fishing and boating. Increased density of urban population and agricultural activities are some of the key contributors to run-off into our urban watersheds. The fecal coliform bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been used as an indicator of bacterial pollution in the water streams. Local governmental water authorities and non-profit organizations routinely collect samples of urban waters weekly (or biweekly) to measure water quality parameters including E. coli counts. These analytical methods are time-consuming and only provide retrospective analysis of E. coli loads. Thus, forecasting of E. coli contamination in urban waters is necessary to provide real-time information to the public about their suitability for bodily contact, recreation, fishing, boating, and domestic utilization. Another caveat of the current methods is the lack of integration of the local climatic conditions such as changes in temperature and precipitation. E. coli contamination in urban water streams was predicted utilizing the last 20 years of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) and water sample analysis data. E. coli data was collected for three water streams from the Marion County (Indiana) watershed project for a period of 2003-2022. Daily temperature and precipitation data for Marion County were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration site. These 2 sources of data were combined using the date field as a common parameter. An initial exploratory data analysis was performed to understand the correlation of parameters to E. coli levels. Next, additional calculated values such as cumulative degree days, max precipitation in 10 days or 15 days were included as input for 6 machine learning models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Extra Trees Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Gradient boosting Classifier and XGB Classifier). Feature importance analysis and overall accuracy scores across these 6 machine learning models were compared to identify the best model. XGB classifier consistently had ROC value of above 85% for 3 individual water streams.
Application of Multivariate Statistics to Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing
Authors: Sharma Niket
Published: March 2024

In this chapter, we delve into the sophisticated realm of multivariate statistical methods, focusing on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Projection to Latent Structures (PLS), as pivotal tools for unraveling the complexity of process data analytics. By anchoring these statistical techniques within the framework of polyethylene manufacturing processes, we aim to illuminate their exceptional utility and novelty in addressing the multifaceted challenges inherent in process optimization and quality control.

The discourse begins by introducing PCA, not merely as a statistical tool, but as a fundamental cornerstone for the analytical examination of process variables. Through a meticulously designed workshop, we demonstrate the application of PCA in dissecting the intricate web of variables influencing the quality and conversion rates of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) production in a two-zone tubular reactor. The integration of Aspen ProMV as a practical tool for PCA applications exemplifies the seamless bridge between statistical theory and industrial application, emphasizing the method's accessibility and relevance to both academia and industry.

Transitioning to PLS, the chapter articulates its differentiation from PCA by its ability to simultaneously handle datasets comprising both process variables (X) and product quality variables (Y), offering a holistic view of the manufacturing process. Through pragmatic workshops, we showcase PLS's robustness in application to challenges such as melt index prediction and causal analysis in High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) manufacturing, underscoring its adaptability to complex industrial datasets, including those with measurement time lags.

The exploration extends to the nuanced application of these multivariate statistical methods to batch polymer processes. Here, we introduce a novel batch-wise unfolding approach via multiway PCA and PLS, expanding the frontier of statistical applications in process data analytics.

This chapter transcends the conventional boundaries of statistical applications, highlighting the transformative impact of PCA and PLS in the domain of process data analytics. It aspires to foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of these statistical methods, encouraging their broader adoption and adaptation in optimizing manufacturing processes and enhancing product quality. This contribution not only reaffirms the critical role of advanced statistical techniques in the scientific community but also underscores their practical significance in improving industrial operations and outcomes.

This is a preprint version of a chapter from our book - Integrated Process Modeling, Advanced Control and Data Analytics for Optimizing Polyolefin Manufacturing. Please cite the original work if referenced [31,32].
When Will They Know What They Don’t Know? Political knowledge and the Infamous Dunning-Kruger Effect
Authors: Alscher Pascal , Ludewig Ulrich , Kleinkorres Ruben , McElvany Nele
Published: March 2024

The Dunning-Kruger effect describes that low performers tend to overestimate and high performers tend to underestimate their ability and that on average low performers provide less accurate estimates of their ability than high performers. Based on data from N = 1,047 students in Grade 7 (n = 613) and Grade 10 (n = 434), we examined whether the Dunning-Kruger effect exists with regard to high school students’ political knowledge, whether the effect is different in Grade 7 and Grade 10, and how teachers’ behavior (i.e., cognitively activating and motivating teaching) affects students’ judgement accuracy and judgement direction. The results show that the Dunning-Kruger effect exists in both grade levels. Furthermore, visual and statistical examination of the data suggest that the pattern of data is very similar in both grade levels. Finally, we further find that perceived motivational quality is associated with judgement accuracy, but also with overconfidence. Perceived cognitive activation is negatively associated with judgement accuracy. Through the usage of two-cohort data, this study applies a novel approach and bears important implications for research on the Dunning-Kruger effect. Furthermore, the results regarding the teachers’ behavior provide important insights for educational practice in civic education.
Differential Item Functioning analysis in SABER 11. A case study for DIF in large-scale assessments
Authors: Cervantes Victor Hernando , Calderon Alexander , Rodriguez Nelson
Published: March 2024

For every test, evidence of its validity should be examined. Absence of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) is an important piece of evidence to support the validity of group comparisons of test results. In this paper, we examine DIF between two test forms of the Mathematics test of SABER 11, a Large Scale Assessment (LSA) in Colombia. We illustrate how to tailor the process for identifying DIF following the set of guiding questions proposed by Sireci and Rios (2013, Educational Research and Evaluation, 19(2-3), 170–187) and giving answers to each of them for the analyzed test. Additionally, we present the results of a set of three simulation studies conducted to investigate the performance of the non-compensatory DIF (NCDIF) index under large sample sizes and large sample size ratios (up to 1 : 25), as well as the performance of the effect size measure guidelines (Wright and Oshima, 2015, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 75(2), 338-358) under these conditions. These simulation studies were completed due to a gap in the literature for this DIF index that obstructed the decisions required to complete the analyses of the SABER 11 tests. The results of the simulation studies allowed us to made the corresponding choices about the sample sizes to use in the analysis of SABER 11 real data and the inclusion of the effect size as part of the detection procedure. The results from the simulation studies also enlighten the performance of the NCDIF index more generally across several conditions applicable, not only to SABER 11, but possibly to other LSAs. Lastly, the results of the simulation studies also suggest that simulation studies examining the performance of NCDIF, and possibly any DIF statistic, should implement realistic item parameter pools and not only sanitized well distributed sets of item parameters.
Learning How/Why Retrieval Practice Works Can Improve Test Anxiety and Self-efficacy
Authors: Barsham Helen , Ellefson Michelle Renee
Published: March 2024

In this study, we look at the influence of whether knowledge about how and why retrieval practice works can reduce test anxiety and increase self-efficacy in test taking for Year 6 students (ages 10 to 11 years) from England (N = 171). This was a different kind of use of retrieval practice because it used recall of what the testing effect is itself to teach students how memory works for tests. This is the first time this strategy has been used to in classroom settings to give students more control over anxiety and self-efficacy when taking tests. The findings indicate that the intervention significantly reduced test anxiety and increased self-efficacy for the most anxious students, with improvements on intrusive thoughts, autonomic reactions, but not off-task behaviours. These findings indicate that learning how and why retrieval practice works can improve student wellbeing around test taking.
Evaluating what works in the classroom: Best practice and future opportunities
Authors: Bowen Astrid E. J. , Palmer Lucy R. J. , Perry Roisin , Thomas Michael , Tolmie Andrew , Borst Grégoire , Van Herwegen Jo
Published: March 2024

Despite an increased interest and investment in gold standard interventions in education, the gap between the latest research on how we learn and teaching practice remains, as well as persistent attainment gaps for certain groups. This report summarises the presentations and discussion from a roundtable event that discussed challenges and solutions in relation to establishing what works in different contexts, including (1) who is involved and when; (2) a need for methodological innovation; (3) communication issues; and (4) understanding and use of evidence by educators and policymakers. We highlight best practice in relation to addressing these issues using national and international examples. Recommendations related to a research culture within the teaching profession, data sharing and communication and realistic evaluations are discussed as well as outstanding questions.
PENGARUH FAKTOR FINANSIAL DAN NON FINANSIAL TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Muthaqin Maulana , Anisma Yuneita , Sofyan Azhari
Published: March 2024

This research intends to investigate the impact of profitability, solvency, liquidity, size of the company, auditor opinion, and audit committee on the overall delay in the release of financial statements. The population of this research is service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 to 2020. The sample selection in this research used the purposive sampling technique, from 325 selected populations following the sample criteria to 100 companies. The analytical tool used in this research is logistic regression analysis with IBM SPSS 25 Version. The results of this research found that profitability, solvency, liquidity, company size, auditor opinion, and audit committee had no effect on the total lag in the publication of financial statements.
PENGARUH AUDIT TENURE, FEE AUDIT, KOMITE AUDIT, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT
Authors: Pamungkas Setya Aji , Purnamasari Dian Indri , Windyastuti Windyastuti
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of audit tenure, audit fees, audit committee, and company size on audit quality. The population of this study is food and beverages listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange with a new classification, namely Industrial Calcification (IDX-IC) for the period 2018-2020. Sampling was done by purposive sampling method, then the sample is 39 companies. This research was conducted by using logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that audit tenure and audit fees have an impact on audit quality. The audit committee and company size do not affect audit quality.
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN BADAN LAYANAN UMUM DAERAH
Authors: Aini Zahratul , Yasni Hariadi
Published: March 2024

This study aims to empirically examine the utilization of information technology, human resources competency, government financial accounting system, functional supervision, and internal control system for the effectiveness of financial management of BLUD. This research was conducted using a survey method through a questionnaire. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to examine the effect of using the variables. The results of this study indicate that: first, the use of information technology affects the effectiveness of the financial management of BLUD. Second, human resource competencies affect the effectiveness of the financial management of BLUD. Third. government financial accounting systems affect the effectiveness of financial management of BLUD. Fourth, functional supervision affects the effectiveness of the financial management of BLUD. Fifth, the government's internal control system affects the effectiveness of the financial management of BLUD
The common law approaches to identity theft: Implications for Hungarian law reform
Authors: Tóth Dávid , Gáti Balázs
Published: March 2024

The incidence of identity theft is escalating, especially in international contexts. Owing to the advancement of information technology, crimes associated with this issue are borderless and can manifest anywhere. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the regulatory frameworks concerning identity theft in foreign jurisdictions. The essay not only considers theoretical aspects but also practical and criminological dimensions of the issue in question. As an outcome of the examination of these regulatory models, it is hoped that proposals de lege ferenda (‘regarding future law’) can be articulated for the Hungarian legislature.The initial segment of the article grapples with defining the phenomenon. There is no universally accepted definition of identity theft. Various terms are employed in foreign literature to describe the very phenomenon, including “identity theft” and “identity fraud.” Subsequent to the conceptual introduction, the study surveys the potential forms of identity theft.In the subsequent sections of the article, the regulatory models of identity theft in common law jurisdictions are analyzed. The regulatory frameworks of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia are subject to examination.In the concluding section of the study, recommendations for future legislation (de lege ferenda) are proposed.
Therapy for Vitreous Seeding Caused by Retinoblastoma. A Review
Authors: Lapka Marek , Straňák Zbyněk
Published: March 2024

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in children. Seeding, specifically the dispersion of the tumor into the adjacent compartments, represents a major parameter determining the degree of retinoblastoma according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. In this article we focused on vitreous seeding, one of the main limiting factors in the successful “eye preservation treatment” of retinoblastoma. This article presents an overview of the history of vitreous seeding of retinoblastoma, established treatment procedures and new-research modalities. The introduction of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma at the end of the 1990s represented a significant breakthrough, which enabled the progressive abandonment of radiotherapy with its attendant side effects. However, the attained concentrations of chemotherapeutics in the vitreous space during systemic chemotherapy are not sufficient for the treatment of vitreous seeding, and the toxic effects of systemic chemotherapy are not negligible. A significant change came with the advent of chemotherapy in situ, with the targeted administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, namely intra-arterial and intravitreal injections, contributing to the definitive eradication of external radiotherapy and a reduction of systemic chemotherapy. Although vitreous seeding remains the most common reason for the failure of intra-arterial chemotherapy, this technique has significantly influenced the original treatment regimen of children with retinoblastoma. However, intravitreal chemotherapy has made the greatest contribution to increasing the probability of preservation of the eyeball and visual functions in patients with advanced findings. Novel local drug delivery modalities, gene therapy, oncolytic viruses and immunotherapy from several ongoing preclinical and clinical trials may represent promising approaches in the treatment of vitreous retinoblastoma seeding, though no clinical trials have yet been completed for routine use.
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease: The Clinical Spectrum and Management of Case Series in a Tertiary Eye Centre in Northern Part Of Malaysia
Authors: Hasan Nur Atiqah , Mustapha Mushawiahti , Wan Abdul Halim Wan Haslina
Published: March 2024

Aims: We present the clinical spectrum, the initial clinical presentation with management trends in treating 14 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease cases in a tertiary center in the Northern part of Malaysia.
Case series: There were 14 cases of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease retrospectively reviewed over five years (from 2015 to 2020). The mean age at presentation was 37.7 years (range 21–64 years), with female predominance (85.7%). All cases presented with acute uveitic stage and bilateral eye involvement. Of them, 11 (78.6%) were probable VKH, and three (21.4%) were incomplete VKH. All patients attended with acute panuveitis at first presentation. The main posterior segment involvement was disc edema in 57.1% (16 out of 28 eyes) and exudative retinal detachment (ERD) in 35.7% (10 out of 28 eyes). Most of them presented with blindness (3/60 and worse) and moderate visual impairment (6/18–6/60); 35.71% each, followed by mild visual impairment (6/12-6/18), and severe visual impairment (6/60–3/60); 7.1% each. Ten patients (71.4%) required combination second-line immunomodulatory treatment during subsequent visits, and only four patients (28.6%) responded well to corticosteroid therapy. Most of the cases achieved no visual impairment (64.3%), followed by mild visual impairment (21.4%) and moderate visual impairment (14.3%), and none were severe or blind at the end of follow-up.
Conclusion: VKH is a potentially blinding illness if there is inadequate control of the disease in the acute stage. Most of our patients achieved good visual outcomes with early immunomodulatory treatment and systemic corticosteroids.
Restoring Nature's Song: How Habitat Restoration Benefits Avifauna
Authors: Sriyani Wickramasinghe  , B.A.D.D.P Bopearachchi
Published: March 2024

Habitat restoration has proved to be a vital strategy in combating the widespread biodiversity loss caused by habitat degradation across the globe. The key roles played by avian species in critical ecosystem functions such as pollination, seed dispersal, and decomposition have made them an integral part of ecosystems, making them vital to the restoration process. Their detectability and cost-effective survey methods have positioned avifauna as focal species in ecological restoration research. This article delves into the effects of habitat restoration on avifaunal distribution, revealing a tapestry of positive outcomes. Restored habitats witness increased avian community diversity and evenness, heightened habitat heterogeneity, and greater densities of avian and migratory species. Avifauna's presence also facilitates breeding success, reduces nest parasitism, and fosters additional foraging and breeding grounds. Furthermore, habitat restoration has shown remarkable successes in reviving songbird populations in fragmented forests and rescuing endangered species like red-crowned cranes. In light of the transformative impact of avian restoration, understanding the effects of restoration on avifauna is pivotal in guiding management activities of restored sites. Implementing strategic management approaches such as predator control, maintaining habitat heterogeneity, controlling nest parasites, reintroducing natural disturbance regimes, and selecting appropriate plant species ensures a nurturing environment for avian survival. Additionally, promoting a heterogeneous environment in aquatic systems has proved crucial in enhancing bird diversity. Improving ongoing research and adaptive management practices further empowers restoration efforts, allowing us to compose a symphony of avian abundance, resilience, and harmonious coexistence with the natural world.
experiência metacognitiva dos professores de ciências no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial
Authors: Ramos Ediane Sousa Miranda , Siqueira Gisele Carvalho de , Corrêa Nancy Nazareth Gatzke , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: March 2024

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou as percepções declaradas por professores de Ciências a respeito de seus processos metacognitivos de aprendizagem docente, experienciados no Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) durante a pandemia da Covid-19, por meio da aplicação de um questionário que foi respondido por 21 professores de escolas estaduais do Paraná. As respostas foram organizadas e interpretadas, segundo os procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Para o encaminhamento analítico assumiu-se como categorias a priori: contextos; sujeitos; sentimentos; juízos de memória; estimativas; especificidades da tarefa. Elas compõem a experiência metacognitiva presente no diagrama intitulado ‘Instrumento para o mapeamento da experiência metacognitiva’. Dos excertos registrados pelos depoentes, foram encontrados indícios de experiência metacognitiva, relacionados às categorias: Sentimentos; Contextos; Estimativas; Sujeitos Especificidades da tarefa; não há declarações de Juízos de memória.