bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Troping the Unthought: Catachresis in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry
Authors: Bollobás Enikő
Published: May 2012

Catachresis is a dominant trope in Emily Dickinson’s poetry, allowing her to revise concepts formerly uncontested. It extends the meaning of one expression toward another, without pointing outside of language. As such, it is instrumental in bringing about non-mimetic poetry. Dickinson’s performances of gender invite two different figures: metaphor and catachresis. While Dickinson reserves metaphor for the performances of familiar gender roles, she employs catachresis for the performance of new gender constructs. As a figure of impropriety, catachresis posits a radical subversion of the production of meaning, allowing for the poetic figuration of formerly unscripted performances. Moreover, the many selves performed in the poems are scattered over experience, whether real life or imagined. In such a way, Dickinson’s catachretic performances of “supposed person[s]” contribute to the construction of particular, real selves, which family, friends, and critics have understood as “poses.” Catachresis allows Dickinson to retain a constative-performative aporia, or a sense of undecidability between the autobiographical and the rhetorical or figurative. This trope, predominantly orchestrated in the context of gender performance, also spills over into poems on various other subjects (God, death, and psychological states). Ultimately, catachresis serves as the quintessential trope that enables Dickinson to lift the unthought into language.
Strange English: Emily Dickinson and Northern Irish Poetry
Authors: Stuart Maria
Published: May 2012

This article examines Dickinson’s influence upon the development of Northern Irish poetry, with particular emphasis on the work of John Hewitt and Tom Paulin. Such engagement with Dickinson is connected to longstanding cultural debates surrounding standard English and its variants: in the case of Hewitt and Paulin, Irish English, in the case of Dickinson, American English. This context of intertwining national narratives concerning poetic idiom, dialect, and vernacular dissent provides a means of understanding the continued resonance of Dickinson’s lyric voices within the charged cultural politics of Northern Ireland. Particular attention is given to Paulin’s ongoing reassessment of the place of a dissenting Protestant tradition within a wider narrative of Irish literature and Dickinson’s presence as a resonant and vibrant resource in this project.
Politics and Literary Prizes: A Case Study of Spanish America and the Premio Cervantes
Authors: Bowskill Sarah
Published: May 2012

The Premio Cervantes, one of the most prestigious prizes awarded for literature in the Spanish language, was established in 1976 as Spain negotiated the Transition to democracy in the post-Franco era. This article examines the context in which the prize was created and subsequently used to negotiate intercontinental relations between Spain and Latin America. The article highlights the exchanges of economic, political, and symbolic capital which took place between the Spanish State, its representative the King of Spain, and winning Latin American authors. Significantly, the involvement of the Spanish State is shown to bring political capital into play in a way that commercial prizes do not. In so doing, the Premio Cervantes gives those formerly at the colonial periphery the opportunity to speak out and negotiate the terms of a new kind of relationship with the former colonial center.
Growing up in Sanhattan: Cartographies of the Barrio Alto in Alberto Fuguet and Hernán Rodríguez Matte
Authors: Venkatesh Vinodh
Published: May 2012

The rise of Chile, and particularly the capital city of Santiago, has been heralded in fin de siècle discussions of globalization and economic growth as a true success story. Through periods of depression, crisis, and authoritarian rule, the country has surpassed regional competitors and managed to post astonishingly high economic growth rates. The following pages include a comparative study of the representation of the city in reference to subjectivity in Alberto Fuguet’s generationally emblematic Mala onda (1991) and the lesser-known work of Hernán Rodríguez Matte’s Barrio Alto (2004). Both texts cultivate the space of the barrio alto as a primal referent in the development of their narratives and their narrators. I argue that Rodríguez Matte’s work is a novelistic evolution of Mala onda , reflective of the changes in the urban spaces of Santiago as we enter the 21st century.
Mecenazgo y representación: imágenes de Álvaro de Luna en el Libro de las virtuosas e claras mugeres , el castillo de Escalona y la Catedral de Toledo
Authors: Vélez-Sainz Julio
Published: May 2012

Through an interdisciplinary approach, this article describes the means by which Álvaro de Luna’s Libro de las virtuosas e claras mugeres (Book of the Illustrious and Virtuous Women) and the decorations of the Castle of Escalona promote an image of power and patronage praising the patron. The same image was later utilized by don Álvaro’s daughter, doña María de Luna, when she sponsored the reconstruction of the Chapel of Santiago at Toledo’s Cathedral, where the late don Álvaro rests. The decorations of the Palace depict the same iconographic motifs of the Libro ’s main manuscript, and the Chapel forms a continuity with both the Palace and the Libro and develops stories present in the latter. Thus the image put forward in the three of them combines the same elements of power, noble self-fashioning, and patronage.
Spanish Comedias as Commodities: Possession, Circulation, and Institutional Regulation
Authors: García-Reidy Alejandro
Published: May 2012

The development of commercial theater in Early Modern Spain was based not only on its consolidation as an autonomous economic practice but also on the attempts of the authorities to regulate it. One of the consequences of this professional praxis was the transformation of theatrical texts into commodities traded between playwrights and actors, whose value and ownership were mainly determined by the internal characteristics of the business. In this paper I will analyze the first attempts of Spanish authorities to exercise some type of control over certain aspects of the possession and circulation of these texts. I will study two specific cases: a lawsuit from 1598 between the companies of Luis de Vergara and Mateo de Salcedo, and an official order that appeared in 1636 from the member of the Council of Castile in charge of supervising theatrical activity.
Empire, Nation, and the indiano in Galdós’s Tormento and La loca de la casa
Authors: Copeland Eva Maria
Published: May 2012

This essay analyzes the indiano character in Tormento and La loca de la casa by Benito Pérez Galdós. Utilizing in part the concepts of the stereotype, hybridity, and mimicry as theorized by Homi Bhabha, I argue that the indiano exposes gaps and fissures in colonial discourse present in these texts, functioning to betray anxiety about Spain’s national identity and waning imperial status. Ultimately, normative constructions of metropolitan masculinity are rejected in favor of the indiano’s embodiment of hybrid subjectivity, one with the potential to “regenerate” Spain. In Tormento , the indiano is a positive figure but impossible to reconcile with the nation, while in La loca de la casa , the indiano is presented as a viable path through which national regeneration may take place.
Ética y liminaridad en San Manuel Bueno, mártir : una lectura kierkegaardiana
Authors: Bilbao-Terreros Gorka
Published: May 2012

Through the analysis of San Manuel Bueno, mártir , this article will illustrate how Spanish writer Miguel de Unamuno—far from using Søren Kierkegaard’s philosophical postulates as mere patterns to build his own characters—subverts and adapts these postulates in order to use them to create liminal characters that gravitate to the threshold of certainty, a key element in Unamuno’s literature. The study aims to prove how the manipulation and perversion of the theory of the ethical man that stems from Kierkegaard’s writings on the development of the human being helped to shape don Manuel Bueno’s controversial character. At the same time, it will examine the way in which the inclusion in the narration of Ángela Carballino, a purely ethical character according to the Kierkegaardian notion, acts as a counterpoint that will further emphasize Manuel Bueno’s tortured and liminal condition.
Interest and Aesthetic Judgment in Henry James’s Late Novels
Authors: Brewis Oliver
Published: May 2012

Interest is a constant concern of Henry James’s late career. Undertaking a close reading of the opening of The Wings of the Dove , this article suggests that “interest” and its related terms are simultaneously indices to the range of human motives embodied in late Jamesian interpersonal relations and problematically provisional in failing to determine a single central meaning. James’s formal strategies harness “interest” to transfer the labor of ethical judgement to the reader. By suturing together the experience of reading and represented experience, James intervenes in the structure of aesthetic judgement, resisting any clear division between life and art.
A Personal Quantity: On Sexuality and Jamesian Style
Authors: St. Pierre Scott
Published: May 2012

From the end of the nineteenth century until the present day, modern stylistic analysis has operated under the problematic belief that literary style expresses sexual identity, that by reading style we can deduce the “genuine” sexuality of any author. As a transitional figure between the Victorian and the modern novel, James is particularly implicated in the perils of that transformation. This article argues that The Tragic Muse and The Wings of the Dove indicate James’s own awareness of and intervention into this conceptual shift.
“A Restorative Reaction”: Henry James’s “The Altar of the Dead” and Mourning in the Modern City
Authors: Stuart Christopher
Published: May 2012

The death and cremation of Henry James’s sister Alice in London in 1892 offered him a stark example of the changing death-ways of the modern city, to which he responded with a deep ambivalence. Read as a direct response to this now thoroughly documented late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century shift in attitudes toward public expressions of mourning, “The Altar of the Dead” becomes James’s prescient anatomy of morbidity rather than a morbid tale in itself, as well as a commentary on the restorative power of communal expressions of grief.
The Portrait’s Two Faces: James’s “The Special Type” and “The Tone of Time”
Authors: Ginsburg Michal Peled
Published: May 2012

These two little discussed stories show striking similarities when read as stories about portraits. Each reveals one “face” of the portrait: in “The Special Type” the portrait is a re-presentation, a substitute for the real; it is also immersed in vulgar reality. In “The Tone of Time,” the portrait is more like a ghost or a double than a re-presentation; removed from social transactions and power manipulations, it de-realizes its painter, turning her into a ghost too. The difference between the portrait’s two “faces,” however, is not absolute but rather one of degree, thus showing the portrait to be fundamentally ambivalent.
USPSTF Screening Recommendations for Breast Cancer: The Potential Impact on the African American Community
Authors: Martin Nicolle , Wingfield John
Published: May 2012

African American women are more often diagnosed with breast cancer at ages younger than 50, have lower mammography screening rates, have higher breast cancer mortality rates, and more advanced stage at breast tumor diagnoses, than other women. Early detection through mammography screening is important in decreasing mortality. The revised United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) breast cancer screening guidelines, however, make no recommendation for routine mammography screening in women aged 40-49 years. Given the well-documented disparities experienced by several underrepresented populations, especially African American women, this recommendation has raised concerns among the public and medical community. The 2009 USPSTF breast cancer screening guidelines should be modified to take into account populations with different profiles that put them at higher risk. This commentary describes the burden of breast cancer among African American women and identifies issues with the current USPSTF guidelines that have the potential to uniquely impact African American women and increase breast cancer disparities. This commentary concludes with recommendations for future directions.
A Comparison of Breast and Cervical Cancer Legislation and Screening in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
Authors: Miles-Richardson Stephanie , Blumenthal Daniel , Alema-Mensah Ernest
Published: May 2012

We identified legislation (1989-2005) relating to breast and cervical cancer in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina and examined its impact on screening rates for these cancers and on Black-White disparities in screening rates. Legislation was identified using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) State Cancer Legislative Database (SCLD) Program. Screening rates were identified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Georgia and North Carolina enacted more laws on breast and cervical cancer than did South Carolina. The laws specifically intended to increase breast and cervical cancer screening were mandates requiring that insurance policies cover such screening; Georgia and North Carolina enacted such laws, but South Carolina did not. However, we were unable to demonstrate an effect of these laws on either screening rates or disparities. This may reinforce the importance of evidence-based health promotion programs to increase screening.
Developing Health Leaders to Combat Sexual Health Disparities
Authors: Bayer Carey Roth , Heiman Harry J.
Published: May 2012

Health disparities, including sexual health disparities, remain pervasive in our society. The Satcher Health Leadership Institute at Morehouse School of Medicine, through its Sexual Health Scholars and Health Policy Leadership Fellowship Programs, is preparing the next generation of health leaders with the necessary knowledge and skills to combat health disparities.
A Community-Academic Partnership to Plan and Implement an Evidence-Based Lay Health Advisor Program for Promoting Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Teal Randall , Moore Alexis A. , Long Debra G. , Vines Anissa I. , Leeman Jennifer
Published: May 2012

Despite a growing body of evidence concerning effective approaches to increasing breast cancer screening, the gap between research and practice continues. The North Carolina Breast Cancer Screening Program (NC-BCSP) is an example of an evidence-based intervention that uses trained lay health advisors (LHA) to promote breast cancer screening. Partnerships that link academic researchers knowledgeable about specific evidence-based programs with community-based practitioners offer a model for increasing their use. This article describes a partnership between CrossWorks, Inc., a community-based organization, and the UNC-CH Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center in planning and implementing an evidence-based program for promoting breast cancer screening among older African American women in rural eastern North Carolina communities. We used in-depth interviews to explore the relationship of the partnership to the activities that were undertaken to launch the evidence-based program.
Using Evaluability Assessment and Evaluation Capacity-building to Strengthen Community-based Prevention Initiatives
Authors: Akintobi Tabia Henry , Yancey Ellen M. , Daniels Pamela , Mayberry Robert M. , Jacobs DeBran , Berry Jamillah
Published: May 2012

Objectives . To examine the process of community-campus engagement in an initiative developed to build evaluation capacities of community-based organizations (CBOs). Methods . Evaluability assessment, capacity-building, self administered surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted from 2004 to 2007 and analyzed through transcript assessment and SPSS to identify trends, relationships and capacity changes over time. Results . Evaluability assessment identified CBO strengths in program planning and implementation and challenges in measurable objective development, systematic use of mixed methods, data management and analysis. Evaluability assessment informed evaluation capacity-building (ECB) trainings, teleconferences and webinars that resulted in statistically signi.cant improvements in evaluation knowledge, skills, and abilities. Post-initiative interviews indicated CBO preferences for face-to-face training in logic model development, mixed method data collection and analysis. Conclusion : This report illustrates the use of mixed methods to plan, implement and evaluate a model to catalyze CBOs systematic assessment of prevention initiatives and considerations in evaluation capacity-building.
The SUCCEED Legacy Grant Program: Enhancing Community Capacity to Implement Evidence-Based Interventions in Breast and Cervical Cancer
Authors: Wingfield John Harvey , Akintobi Tabia Henry , Jacobs DeBran , Ford Marvella E.
Published: May 2012

The Southeastern U.S. Collaborative Center of Excellence in the Elimination of Disparities Legacy Grant Program provides funding to increase community-based organizations' capacity to implement evidence-based breast and cervical cancer interventions for African American women. This article describes the development of the grant process, summarizes Legacy grantee outcomes, and discusses lessons learned.
Removing Obstacles One Patient at a Time: The Importance of Faith Based Health Care in the Community
Authors: Fortson Nedra S. , Dennis Ursula , Kimsey Troy
Published: May 2012

Samaritan Clinic, a faith-based, safety-net clinic in Albany, Georgia is an outreach ministry of Mt. Zion and Second Mt. Zion Baptist Church. Through volunteerism, Samaritan Clinic has served 3,335 patients representing 7,092 visits; this is a story of faith made possible by a grant to Samaritan Clinic from Morehouse School of Medicine.
Paths to Success: Optimal and Equitable Health Outcomes for All
Authors: Rust George , Levine Robert S. , Fry-Johnson Yvonne , Baltrus Peter , Ye Jiali , Mack Dominic
Published: May 2012

U.S. health disparities are real, pervasive, and persistent, despite dramatic improvements in civil rights and economic opportunity for racial and ethnic minority and lower socioeconomic groups in the United States. Change is possible, however. Disparities vary widely from one community to another, suggesting that they are not inevitable. Some communities even show paradoxically good outcomes and relative health equity despite significant social inequities. A few communities have even improved from high disparities to more equitable and optimal health outcomes. These positive-deviance communities show that disparities can be overcome and that health equity is achievable. Research must shift from defining the problem (including causes and risk factors) to testing effective interventions, informed by the natural experiments of what has worked in communities that are already moving toward health equity. At the local level, we need multi-dimensional interventions designed in partnership with communities and continuously improved by rapid-cycle surveillance feedback loops of community-level disparities metrics. Similarly coordinated strategies are needed at state and national levels to take success to scale. We propose ten specific steps to follow on a health equity path toward optimal and equitable health outcomes for all Americans.
Using Local Culture to Further the Implementation of International Human Rights: The Receptor Approach
Authors: Zwart Tom
Published: May 2012

States are free to choose their own means for implementing international human rights obligations. Western states usually rely on legal means, in particular legally enforceable individual rights. However, law does not enjoy a monopoly. The receptor approach assumes that, especially in Eastern and Southern states, international human rights obligations can be implemented more fully through local social institutions. It identifies domestic social institutions capable of meeting human rights standards and assumes that, where these social arrangements fall short of human rights obligations, they will have to be improved and reformed. This should be done as much as possible with the help of home-grown remedies to foster the cultural legitimacy of international human rights standards.
"We Had Been Fooled into Thinking that the UN Watches over the Entire World": Human Rights, UN Trust Territories, and Africa's Decolonization
Authors: Terretta Meredith
Published: May 2012

This article uses empirical evidence to engage recent scholarship on the historical place of human rights in decolonization. The case of the British and French Cameroons demonstrates that African nationalists and the Western anti-imperial human rights advocates who supported them viewed UN Trust Territories as the most politically and legally viable channel through which to address the human rights abuses particular to colonial rule. Yet, because of the political deformations arising out of decolonization, the transition to independence was accompanied by a widespread disappointment in the United Nations, the disintegration of collaborative, transregional activists' networks, and a withering away of human rights ideas.
Challenges to Freedom of Expression Within the Inter-American System: A Jurisprudential Analysis
Authors: Grossman Claudio
Published: May 2012

Freedom of expression is a "cornerstone upon which the very existence of a democratic society rests" [citation omitted]. Its importance takes on a special meaning in the Western Hemisphere where numerous societies are building and developing democracies while coping with the legacy of authoritarianism, which exercised a profound institutional and cultural influence in the region. This article critically examines the Inter-American system of Human Rights, systematizing its jurisprudence while providing an analytical framework designed to fully realize this essential human right. Finally, this article proposes a series of measures to help achieve that important objective.
"Bashir is Dividing Us": Africa and the International Criminal Court
Authors: Mills Kurt
Published: May 2012

The African Union has become increasingly hostile towards the International Criminal Court, particularly in the wake of the ICC arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, although the public hostility masks deeper divisions among African countries. Indeed, evidence of arguments among African states and between Africa and Western countries over the proper functioning and scope of the ICC is indicative of a number of paradoxes and conflicts which have emerged as Africa reorients its identities and interests to embrace international human rights norms while also asserting itself on the global stage.
Building a Barometer of Gay Rights (BGR): A Case Study of Uganda and the Persecution of Homosexuals
Authors: Dicklitch Susan , Yost Berwood , Dougan Bryan M.
Published: May 2012

Few countries in the world actually embrace homosexuals as valuable members of their society and even fewer bestow full human rights on their homosexual citizens. The Barometer of Gay Rights (BGR) attempts to systematically quantify how rights protective and respective a country really is. This article will apply the BGR methodology to the Ugandan case study to measure the degree to which Uganda is an "active persecutor" of homosexuals. The BGR measures the constitutional protections afforded homosexuals, their civil, political, and socioeconomic rights, the presence and efficacy of gay rights organizations, and the degree of societal persecution.
Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Implications for NGOs
Authors: Kindornay Shannon , Ron James , Carpenter Charli
Published: May 2012

The rights-based approach to development has swept through the global development assistance sector during the last fifteen years. As a result, bilateral development donors, international organizations, and development-oriented nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly committed, in theory, to implementing human rights. This commitment has dramatically accelerated the discursive and organizational merger of the global human rights and development policy communities. What impact—if any—has the rights-based approach had on the structure, resources, and work styles of development NGOs? This article offers five empirically grounded hypotheses to guide future research.
Iran: An Anthropologist Engaging the Human Rights Discourse and Practice
Authors: Afshari Reza
Published: May 2012

A recent trend in human rights scholarship reflects the influence of the cultural relativist claims that have often been advanced by the political elites of the non-Western authoritarian states. This scholarly trend in which universalism meets cultural relativism gives birth to the notion of "chastened universalism," or "tempered universalism." The Politics of Women's Rights in Iran , by anthropologist Arzoo Osanloo, fits well in this trendy genre. I read these ethnographical studies with interest—and for an aftereffect. What comes after such knowledge? As an un-chastened advocate of universalism, I use the standards derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights model. How should I modify my approach, or methodology, in analyzing and presenting the violations that take place in a contemporary nation-state like Iran? These ethnographical explorations call for a retooling of human rights discourse and practice. My conclusion is, however, that these explorations hardly provide meaningful guidelines, or even vague recommendations, that could be of practical value to human rights monitors and researchers who must remain focused on the occurring violations, with the victims always in sight.
Slave Trading in a New World: The Strategies of North American Slave Traders in the Age of Abolition
Authors: Marques Leonardo
Published: May 2012

The present essay explores the ways in which new sensibilities toward the transatlantic slave trade resulted in moments of tension that changed the behavior of the most active slave trading family in U.S. history, the D'Wolfs of Bristol, Rhode Island. Through the trajectory of the D'Wolfs' activities I analyze the characteristics of the late Rhode Island slave trade and how the age of abolition shaped those characteristics. This new context brought tensions that pervaded New England families such as the Browns and the DeWolfs, yet its full effects remain unknown. The article argues that the isolation of Bristol as the main slave trading center in Rhode Island was a product of these tensions. Also taken into consideration is the unique connection between Rhode Islanders and Cuban slavery in the aftermath of the 1807 act abolishing the African slave trade to the United States.
Slavery, Settlement, and Empire: The Expansion and Growth of Slavery in the Interior of the North American Continent, 1770-1820
Authors: Hammond John Craig
Published: May 2012

This article examines the origins and expansion of "empires for slavery" on the North American continent between the Seven Years War and the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, arguing that historians should rethink the origins, periodization, geography, and dynamics of slavery's growth in the interior of the North American continent through 1815. Slavery was central to British, French, and Spanish efforts to establish territorial hegemony in the interior of the continent in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Consequently, in the forty years between the Seven Years War and the Louisiana Purchase, slavery became one of the central economic, social, and political institutions in the imperial Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi Valleys. By the time of the Louisiana Purchase, these regions were joined in a distinct Mississippi Valley plantation complex that was itself part of a broader Atlantic world of empires, commerce, and slavery. Like its imperial rivals and predecessors, the United States used state support for slavery as a means to secure sovereignty. Furthermore, under American rule, the continuities that characterized slavery and its growth were more significant than the changes wrought by the extension of American sovereignty into the interior of the North American continent. In sum, this article argues that in the interior of the North American continent, the growth of slavery under American rule represented not a sharp break from the past but a significant continuity that stretched back to the 1760s and connected the region's colonial past to its place in the post-1815 American Union.
From Blood Vessels to Global Networks of Exchange: The Physiology of Benjamin Rush's Early Republic
Authors: Altschuler Sari
Published: May 2012

IThis essay explores Benjamin Rush's ideas about physiology in an effort to revise current understandings of Rush's medico-political model and shed new light on conversations about circulation and sympathy in the early republic. Rush's non-hierarchical model of circulation broke with European medicine. For Rush, circulation was the key to corporeal and national health. Circulation needed to remain unfettered for individuals to realize republican promise and for the body to be properly invigorated—but free flow was problematic when it allowed information, goods, and bodies to flow unchecked. Sympathy was the secondary, essential mechanism that controlled this movement. Whereas circulation importantly opened both body and country to external stimuli, sympathy—physiological, social, political—managed responses to those stimuli, directing them along salubrious routes that were both natural and teachable. Rush himself worked tirelessly to mold these sympathies through rhetoric. This physiology and Rush's rhetorical medicine challenge the common understanding of Rush's "republican machines"; American bodies were, rather, dynamic living systems that could, through the cultivation of proper sympathies, become virtuous citizens. This essay extends current work on circulation by reconnecting it to physiology and suggesting that physiology's dynamism—rather than static "anatomy"—ought to inform discussions of the young nation. Rush knew bodies and nations were "tremendous oscillatory mass[es] of matter." America would maintain national health not by restricting circulation but by influencing citizens' reactions to free-flow systems that were only somewhat predictable and always dynamic. This physiology provides a new model for thinking about early American circulation and sympathy.
Useful Books: Reading Vernacular Regimens in Sixteenth-Century England
Authors: Richards Jennifer
Published: May 2012

Recent scholarship has tended to emphasize the practical dimensions of book-use. Yet early modern books were also meant to be pondered over as well as “used.” Some of the clearest advice on the benefits of ruminative reading comes from an unexpected source, prefaces to the print commonplace books compiled by physicians, and such advice helps us to rethink how seemingly practical books, like vernacular regimens, were read. Focusing on the regimens of the humanist Thomas Elyot and the physician Thomas Cogan, I argue that these books encourage thoughtful as well as more practically-orientated reading.
Taming “The Tyranny of Priests”: Hume’s Advocacy of Religious Establishments
Authors: Susato Ryu
Published: May 2012

This paper aims to explain why David Hume supported the religious establishment despite his anti-clericalism. First, the Church of England could be regarded as a happy medium between two forms of false religion: superstition and enthusiasm. Second, Hume’s concern over “the tyranny of priests” led him to advocate a spiritual establishment bound to secular authority. Hume’s Erastianism does not contradict his opinion that civil magistrates should maintain impartiality in religious matters: both views reflect his thoroughly secular attitude towards religious institutions. Despite alleged differences between Hume and Adam Smith, they shared much common ground in their approach to religious institutions.
Liberalism and the Question of “The Proud”: Hannah Arendt and Leo Strauss as Readers of Hobbes
Authors: Keedus Liisi
Published: May 2012

It has often remained unclear when and where Arendt and Strauss’s comprehensive accounts of modern thought entailed a critique of liberalism in the more specific sense. This paper argues that even if neither of them wrote a systematic assessment of liberalism, they focused on the change that it had brought about in the understanding of politics. Here both turned to Thomas Hobbes as the paradigmatic liberal. Arendt and Strauss’s readings display striking parallels and thus allow us to qualify the familiar opposition between them. These readings also reveal the distinctly political core of their philosophical approaches to liberal modernity.
Modernizing Orthodoxy: Russia and the Christian East (1856–1914)
Authors: Vovchenko Denis
Published: May 2012

The article focuses on “Pan-Slavism” and “Pan-Orthodoxy” to analyze the continuity and change in the Russian relationship to the “Christian East” - mostly Greek and Slavic Christian Orthodox populations in the Ottoman Empire (1856–1914). Far from being conservative utopias, those theories were modern visions that developed in the context of fin-de-siecle Europe and transformed the traditional meaning of the Christian East in order to reformulate cultural identity in late imperial Russia. This kind of conceptualization of Pan-Slavism and Pan-Orthodoxy also contributes to the discussion of how and when alternatives to Western liberal modernity began to be formulated consciously.
Accounting for Invention: Guido Pancirolli’s Lost and Found Things and the Development of Desiderata
Authors: Keller Vera
Published: May 2012

In the late sixteenth century, the Paduan legal humanist Guido Pancirolli wrote what would become a best-selling comparison of ancient and modern worlds. Pancirolli framed lost ancient things as “debits” and new-found things as “credits” within the inventory of human advantages. Soon after, Francis Bacon and Jakob Bornitz deployed Pancirolli’s temporal accounting for invention to develop a third category of things desired for the future. This story of the development of the research agenda places the seventeenth-century advancement of learning between the recovery of ancient culture and the instrumentalist reckoning of political advantage found in the new reason of state.
The Origins of the Statesman–Demagogue Distinction in and after Ancient Athens
Authors: Lane Melissa
Published: May 2012

This article argues against the assumption that Athenian political practice involved an evaluative distinction between terms signifying the good “statesman” and the bad “demagogue.” Terms now translated “demagogue” are used by Aristophanes, Thucydides, and other Athenian orators and historians in a neutral, or even positive, sense. Instead, the evaluative distinction is built by Plutarch out of Platonic analysis, Aristotelian vocabulary, and the Thucydidean classification of Athenian politicians. The article concludes with reflections on the context of Moses Finley’s classic analysis of Athenian demagogues, and on the implications of the argument for political practice and thinking today.
Did the Paris Mosque Save Jews?: A Mystery and Its Memory
Authors: Katz Ethan
Published: May 2012

The 2011 French feature film Les Hommes Libres brought unprecedented attention to the story of the Grand Mosque of Paris as a haven for Jews during the Holocaust. Many press accounts and even “expert” commentaries on the film conveyed an almost breathless enthusiasm and framed it as an invaluable pedagogical tool. Such reactions frequently blurred the line between dramatic fictionalized history and verifiable historical fact. This accelerated a pattern seen in discussions around the story of the mosque from the time it first garnered interest in the early 1990s.

This article offers the first scholarly analysis of both the collective memory of the mosque’s efforts to save Jews during the Occupation, and the conflicting historical evidence around this story. The article’s first section argues that discussions of the mosque’s history have reached an impasse between mythology and silent disengagement. The author maintains that three binary historical debates have shaped discussion about the mosque. These debates surround the Vichy syndrome, competing myths of Jews in Muslim lands, and Muslims and the Holocaust. The article’s second half attempts to move beyond these debates by turning to the historical record of the mosque’s conduct in Occupied France. It illuminates the seemingly contradictory choices of the mosque and its rector, Si Kaddour Benghabrit. Benghabrit acted as, all at once, an agent of resistance, collaboration, and accommodation. The history and memory of the Grand Mosque during the Occupation offer important new insights on wartime Muslim-French and Muslim-Jewish relations. The article also sheds light on how Jews, Muslims, and broader French society seek to confront the shifting stakes of the Holocaust and the Second World War in the twenty-first century.
The Homilies on Mishnah and Talmud Study at the Close of Bavli Bava’ Metsi‘a’ 2 and Yerushalmi Horayot 3: Their Origin and Development
Authors: Amit Aaron
Published: May 2012

The final sugya of the second chapter of bBM II bears a striking similarity to the final sugya of the third chapter of yHor. Careful comparison of the two units demonstrates that the closing unit in bBM owes its genesis to the parallel material in yHor. The detailed two-part discussion in the Yerushalmi was condensed in the Bavli into two shorter parallel units, one concentrating on the relationship of the various fields of endeavor to one another, and the other focusing on an aggadic discussion of the importance of Talmud and the preference for the sage over the simpleton.

Our analysis of this sugya has important ramifications for Bavli and Yerushalmi scholarship. Our study shows that the editor of the Bavli expanded short tannaitic units, which were correctly attributed to tannaim, by augmenting them with related amoraic material, showing the importance of using parallel sugyot to confirm or reject the authenticity of attributed material in the Talmudim, and explaining how inauthentic attributed material can be generated. Our analysis also indicates that just as the opening passages of chapters and tractates have unique qualities because they are a crucial locus for halakhic- and savoraic- type discussions, the ends of chapters or of tractates likewise have unique qualities, for precisely the opposite reason: a dearth of organically relevant halakhic material led the editors to seek aggadic material taken from elsewhere to augment the discussions of the final mishnayot in a tractate or chapter, enabling the unit to end on an edifying note.
The Maimonidean Legacy in the East: A Study of Father and Son
Authors: Russ-Fishbane Elisha
Published: May 2012

Abstract: In the aftermath of Maimonides’ death in 1204, competing efforts to define and redefine the Maimonidean legacy were instrumental in shaping a number of Jewish intellectual and spiritual movements in the thirteenth century and beyond. The present paper looks at the immediate context of this legacy in Maimonides’ Egypt through the controversial career of his son and communal successor, Abraham (1186-1237). Rather than compare the philosophical or mystical tendencies of father and son, this paper looks at their record of religious leadership by comparing their handling of three disputed liturgical customs. While their divergent approaches to communal leadership is evident in each case, Abraham consistently compared his own controversial synagogue reforms with what he considered to be his father’s earlier failed efforts at reform. In the most intriguing example, Abraham appealed to his father’s legacy even when openly diverging from the latter’s stated positions, such as in his effort to incorporate pietist and devotional reforms into synagogue life.
Justifying Public Health Surveillance: Basic Interests, Unreasonable Exercise, and Privacy
Authors: Rubel Alan
Published: May 2012

Surveillance plays a crucial role in public health and for obvious reasons conflicts with individual privacy. This article argues that the predominant approach to the conflict—relying on a conceptual distinction between research and practice—is problematic and then offers an alternative. It outlines a basic interests approach to public health measures and an unreasonable exercise argument, which sets forth conditions under which individuals may justifiably exercise individual privacy claims that conflict with public health goals. The view articulated is compatible with a broad range of conceptions of the value of health.
Potter's Notion of Bioethics
Authors: ten Have Henk A. M. J.
Published: May 2012

In 1970 Van Rensselaer Potter was the first to use the term "bioethics" in a publication to advocate the development of a new discipline to address the basic problems of human flourishing. This article analyzes Potter's notion of bioethics in order to understand its origins, sources, and substance. In early publications, Potter conceptualized bioethics as a bridge: between present and future, nature and culture, science and values, and finally between humankind and nature. In later publications, disappointed by a predominant focus on individual and medical issues, and with a wish to underscore the need for a broader perspective, Potter introduced the new term "global bioethics," meant to transcend ethics specialties and integrate them into a new interdisciplinary endeavor to address global problems. A growing interest in global bioethics today means that Potter's original insights are more timely than ever.
Reclaiming Korea from “Korean Performance Tradition”: A Critique of the Contemporization of Kugak
Authors: Park Chan E.
Published: May 2012

Korean music tradition ( kugak ) is in a precarious position, due not merely to the Korean public’s infatuation with Western musical sounds, but also to the binary thinking that pits “traditional” against “modern.” The domestic-foreign hierarchy along the line of tradition as antithesis of modern is shared by the broader Korean population. In the recent nationalistic drive for global recognition—and global recognition appears to be the primary raison d’être —Korean music is further conceptualized for global palatability. Could Korean music be simply Korean even in contemporary form? Rather than prioritizing international tastes, should we not also probe what makes Korean music Korean? What role could traditional Korean music pedagogy play in contemporizing it? How could we achieve balance between preservation and modernization and between artistic perpetuation and popularization? What is missing in the field is the originary material and cultural contexts. Critiquing the current problematic trends of contemporization of Korean traditional music, I diverge from both the politics of preservation and that of fusion to identify the continuing flows of p’ungnyu , “wind and stream,” the core inspiration of Korean music tradition. Recalling the Confucian teaching, “Find new ways by learning old ways,” I propose that the contemporization of Korean music occur with an understanding of the ecology that produced Korean music tradition. Realigning contemporization with understanding the ethos of “wind and stream” should help negotiate between our contemporary reality and traditional musical semantics.
Korea’s Unique Kŏmun’go Zither and its Roles in Korean Music: Challenging the Dichotomies of “Traditional” Kugak and “Creative” Ch’angjak Kugak
Authors: Chun In-pyong
Published: May 2012

The kŏmun’go (six-string long zither) is unique among Korean instruments in sound and playing technique, with no comparable instrument in Asia or elsewhere. As such it is especially effective in offering a strong Korean “feel,” even in ch’angjak kugak (“creative” Korean music) pieces that use many nontraditional techniques. This article provides background on the social function of the kŏmun’go and its essential performance techniques— nonghyŏn and sigimsae. It then compares the older (“traditional”) styles and repertory and recent compositions with respect to modal systems, tonal organization, and changdan (rhythmic patterns), with analysis of three newly composed pieces featuring kŏmun’go by Chun In-pyong, Yi Hae-sik, and Ahn Hyun-jung, identifying traditional elements and newly added creative aspects, showing different ways that this conservative Korean instrument fits in ch’angjak kugak. The essay argues for a dynamic understanding of Koreanness in conceptualizing and evaluating contemporary pieces.
Between Confucianism and Marxism-Leninism: Juche and the Case of Chŏng Tasan
Authors: David-West Alzo
Published: May 2012

This article examines the Confucian component of the North Korean juche ideology, appraising the national-Stalinist doctrine in view of its relation to the Reformed Confucianism of Chŏng Tasan. A representative of the indigenous sirhak (practical learning) school in the late Chosŏn era, Tasan merits attention because he was politically endorsed in Kim Il Sung’s 1955 juche speech and was popular in the 1960s. Studying the rise, fall, and revival of Tasan; Kim Jong Il’s statements on behalf of the North Korean state bureaucracy; and the juche and Tasanist conceptions of “man,” the author concludes that Tasan’s Neo-Confucianism was assimilated into juche and that the sirhak scholar is being ideologically re-appreciated for regime legitimacy in North Korea today.
The Mystery of Emperor Kojong’s Sudden Death in 1919: Were the Highest Japanese Officials Responsible?
Authors: Ch’oe Yŏng-ho , Yi Tae-jin
Published: May 2012

Emperor Kojong died suddenly in January 1919. Immediately, rumors circulated widely that he had been poisoned by the Japanese, and wall posters to that effect appeared throughout Seoul. The people who gathered to mourn Kojong’s death engaged in peaceful demonstrations, which served as the impetus of the March First Movement in Korea. The Japanese authorities never investigated the cause of Kojong’s sudden death, which has remained a mystery to this date. There is strong evidence that he was poisoned. Moreover, Princess Masako, a daughter-in-law of Kojong, testifies in her autobiography that Japanese government officials gave a secret instruction to poison him. Consistent with her testimony, there is an allegation in Kuratomi Yūzaburō’s diary that Terauchi Masatake and Hasegawa Yoshimichi may have been behind the crime. Our review of the evidence strongly supports the allegation that the highest Japanese officials were behind the poisoning of Emperor Kojong.
“Fusion” and Questions of Korean Cultural Identity in Music
Authors: Sutton R. Anderson
Published: May 2012

The notion of cultural purity is demonstrably a myth, as historical analysis of any cultural expression can reveal multiple origins and hybridities that inevitably result from human contact. Yet in Korea, as elsewhere, some cultural forms are recognized as “pure” and “authentic,” celebrated as invaluable assets, to be preserved from foreign mixture. Korean fusion music, a broad category of musical practices, mixing unambiguously Korean elements with foreign elements, is an important response to the unsettled cultural terrain of contemporary Korea. This article explores aspects of contemporary Korean cultural identity and its discourses in music, arguing that fusion music is an important site in the creative struggle for the future of “Korean music.”