bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Coatings as Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: Ivanov Radoslav , Ignatova-Ivanova Tsveteslava
Published: March 2016

Corrosion is the cause of irretrievable loss of huge amounts of metals and alloys. The harmful effects of corrosion can be reduced significantly by applying appropriate methods of corrosion protection. One method to protect metals against corrosion is the formation of diffusion coatings on them. High corrosion resistance is typical for the boride diffusion layers. Aluminothermy is one of the main methods for diffusion saturation of the surface of metal products with various elements, including boron, and under certain conditions with aluminum, too. Samples of steel 45 were put to aluminothermic diffusion saturation with boron in a pressurized steel container at a temperature of 1100K, for 6 hours in powdered aluminothermic mixtures. The content of В2О3 in the starting mixtures decreased from the optimum - 20% to 0%, and the content of Al and the activator - (NH4)2.4BF3 is constant, respectively 7% and 0.5%. Al2O3 was used as filler. The borided samples were tested for corrosion resistance in 10% HCl for 72 hours. The results show that their corrosion resistance depends on the composition of the starting saturating mixture (mainly on the content of В2О3), and respectively on the composition, structure, thickness and degree of adhesion of the layer to the metal base.
Review. High pressure techniques used in the paramagnetic resonances
Authors: Krupska A. , Krupski M.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this review-paper is to overview high pressure techniques used in the magnetic resonances in laboratories. In this review, we would like to show the techniques that lead yielding high pressure applicable in the paramagnetic resonances. We would like to draw your attention to the separation of the effects resulting from the pressure and effects from the temperature, thereby separate the volume phonon contribution. Our main intention is to show the impact of high pressure on the structure of matter, in particular on its fundamental level.
Metal-ceramic functionally graded materials – manufacturing, characterization, application
Authors: Chmielewski M. , Pietrzak K.
Published: March 2016

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) belong to a new, continuously developing group of materials, finding application in various branches of industry. The idea of freely designing their construction profile, restricted only by the available manufacturing techniques, enables obtaining materials with composition and structure gradients having unprecedented properties. In this paper, selected results of works carried out by the authors and relating to the application of the developed metal-ceramic composites were presented in order to manufacture functionally graded materials for target purposes. Gradient structures with various construction profiles that can play different roles were produced on the basis on the following material pairs: Cr-Al2O3, NiAl-Al2O3 and Cu-AlN. Manufacturing conditions, microstructure characteristics and selected properties, crucial from the point of view of future applications, were presented.
On the systematic method of conditional control program execution by a PLC
Authors: Milik A. , Chmiel M. , Hrynkiewicz E.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents an original idea of the selective control program execution that allows significant response time reduction. The exhaustive analysis of the PLC program performance is given. An analytic approach explains the idea of the selective control program evaluation and gives the requirements for its feasibility. There is presented a systematic and formal method of program analysis based on a data flow graph approach. The method generates acyclic graph from the control program that is subject of optimization, variable allocation and instruction generation. The graph approach allows determining variables dependencies and task partitioning required by selective program execution. The method utilize the hardware supported variable changes detection. It is transparent for system operation and enables evaluation of blocks that require update.
D-decomposition technique for stabilization of Furuta pendulum: fractional approach
Authors: Mandić P.D. , Lazarević M.P. , Šekara T.B.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, the stability problem of Furuta pendulum controlled by the fractional order PD controller is presented. A mathematical model of rotational inverted pendulum is derived and the fractional order PD controller is introduced in order to stabilize the same. The problem of asymptotic stability of a closed loop system is solved using the D-decomposition approach. On the basis of this method, analytical forms expressing the boundaries of stability regions in the parameters space have been determined. The D-decomposition method is investigated for linear fractional order systems and for the case of linear parameter dependence. In addition, some results for the case of nonlinear parameter dependence are presented. An example is given and tests are made in order to confirm that stability domains have been well calculated. When the stability regions have been determined, tuning of the fractional order PD controller can be carried out.
Osons ôter les masques ! Un théâtre, une visée immédiate, une visée suggérée – qu’est-ce qui nous trouble ?
Authors: Lungu-Badea Georgiana
Published: March 2016

Our aim is to examine the extinction of humanity as predicted by Matei Visniec and the borderline situations where he envisages the death of the human being ; and, then, to see how he (the writer) imagines the creation of the chance of success. To this end, we question his conception about the world, about life, his capacity of showing - through an inter-subjectivity which regularly lacks - one’s complete lack of experience, this hypothetically being the fundamental cause of identity annihilation, of failure of comprehension and acceptance and ultimately the fundamental cause of the death of language and communication. We will examine Matei Visniec’s way of creating hybrid genres, characters, behaviours in order to suggest a possible end of this action.
Key processes shaping the current role and operation of higher education institutions in society
Authors: Piróg Danuta
Published: March 2016

The concurrent processes of globalisation, computerisation, and integration shape and constantly modify developmental factors and generate multidirectional social changes. Among social life fields, one of them has been particularly sensitive to the impact of those processes and has remained in clear feedback relationship with them is education, including university-level education. This article aims to present some reflections on the key processes which influence the environment of higher education institutions’ activity and on what their impact specifically is. The factors taken into account include: the transformation of the political and economic system, integration with the European higher education area, the market shift of education, evolving social demands towards higher education institutions and society’s attitude towards work. As knowledge has become an asset largely affecting the quality of life of people and society, universities have changed their focus from searching for and exploring truth, good and beauty in the world towards becoming innovation centres, transferring knowledge as offering their educational services. In this article, those trends have been exemplified in relation to geography degree programmes, and shown through an evolution of the model of the university. Based on a review of the literature, it seems that the processes discussed also concern geography degree programmes, and the future operation of these programmes closely depends on whether they can maintain their care for high quality education coupled with genuine efforts to ensure the smooth transition of graduates into the labour market.
Torsion Part of ℤ-module
Authors: Futa Yuichi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Shidama Yasunari
Published: March 2016

In this article, we formalize in Mizar [7] the definition of “torsion part” of ℤ-module and its properties. We show ℤ-module generated by the field of rational numbers as an example of torsion-free non free ℤ-modules. We also formalize the rank-nullity theorem over finite-rank free ℤ-modules (previously formalized in [1]). ℤ-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász) base reduction algorithm [23] and cryptographic systems with lattices [24].
Algebra of Polynomially Bounded Sequences and Negligible Functions
Authors: Okazaki Hiroyuki
Published: March 2016

In this article we formalize negligible functions that play an essential role in cryptology [10], [2]. Generally, a cryptosystem is secure if the probability of succeeding any attacks against the cryptosystem is negligible. First, we formalize the algebra of polynomially bounded sequences [20]. Next, we formalize negligible functions and prove the set of negligible functions is a subset of the algebra of polynomially bounded sequences. Moreover, we then introduce equivalence relation between polynomially bounded sequences, using negligible functions.
Stone Lattices
Authors: Grabowski Adam
Published: March 2016

The article continues the formalization of the lattice theory (as structures with two binary operations, not in terms of ordering relations). In the paper, the notion of a pseudocomplement in a lattice is formally introduced in Mizar, and based on this we define the notion of the skeleton and the set of dense elements in a pseudocomplemented lattice, giving the meet-decomposition of arbitrary element of a lattice as the infimum of two elements: one belonging to the skeleton, and the other which is dense.

The core of the paper is of course the idea of Stone identity

a
*

⊔

a

*
*

=
T
,

$$a^* \sqcup a^{**} = {\rm{T}},$$

which is fundamental for us: Stone lattices are those lattices L, which are distributive, bounded, and satisfy Stone identity for all elements a ∈ L. Stone algebras were introduced by Grätzer and Schmidt in [18]. Of course, the pseudocomplement is unique (if exists), so in a pseudcomplemented lattice we defined a
*

as the Mizar functor (unary operation mapping every element to its pseudocomplement). In Section 2 we prove formally a collection of ordinary properties of pseudocomplemented lattices.

All Boolean lattices are Stone, and a natural example of the lattice which is Stone, but not Boolean, is the lattice of all natural divisors of p

2 for arbitrary prime number p (Section 6). At the end we formalize the notion of the Stone lattice B

[2] (of pairs of elements a, b of B such that a ⩽ b) constructed as a sublattice of B

2, where B is arbitrary Boolean algebra (and we describe skeleton and the set of dense elements in such lattices). In a natural way, we deal with Cartesian product of pseudocomplemented lattices.

Our formalization was inspired by [17], and is an important step in formalizing Jouni Järvinen Lattice theory for rough sets [19], so it follows rather the latter paper. We deal essentially with Section 4.3, pages 423–426. The description of handling complemented structures in Mizar [6] can be found in [12]. The current article together with [15] establishes the formal background for algebraic structures which are important for [10], [16] by means of mechanisms of merging theories as described in [11].
Multistep variable methods for exact integration of perturbed stiff linear systems
Authors: Reyes José A. , Cortés-Molina Mónica , García-Alonso Fernando
Published: March 2016

A family of real and analytical functions with values within the ring of

The new method is implemented in a computational algorithm which enables us to resolve in a general manner some physics and engineering IVP’s modeled by means systems of differential equations. The good behaviour and precision of the method is evidenced by contrasting the results with other-reputed algorithms and even with methods based on Scheifele’s
Multiple Bifurcations of a Cylindrical Dynamical System
Authors: Han Ning , Cao Qingjie
Published: March 2016

This paper focuses on multiple bifurcations of a cylindrical dynamical system, which is evolved from a rotating pendulum with SD oscillator. The rotating pendulum system exhibits the coupling dynamics property of the bistable state and conventional pendulum with the ho- moclinic orbits of the first and second type. A double Andronov-Hopf bifurcation, two saddle-node bifurcations of periodic orbits and a pair of homoclinic bifurcations are detected by using analytical analysis and nu- merical calculation. It is found that the homoclinic orbits of the second type can bifurcate into a pair of rotational limit cycles, coexisting with the oscillating limit cycle. Additionally, the results obtained herein, are helpful to explore different types of limit cycles and the complex dynamic bifurcation of cylindrical dynamical system.
BALSAVIMAS RINKIMUOSE IR RINKĖJŲ SOCIALINIŲ TINKLŲ CHARAKTERISTIKOS
Authors: Žiliukaitė Rūta
Published: March 2016

Analysis of the influence of social networks on the electoral behaviour of people is based on the general assumption, that political communication which is important for voting decisions usually takes place in the small groups of intimates, characterized by high levels of interpersonal trust. Data of the post-election survey of Lithuanian population in 2012 allows a “modest” analysis of the impact of various characteristics of respondent’s social networks on their voting in the election to the Parliament. There were several hypotheses formulated based on the review of literature about the influence of social networks on political participation, which were empirically tested using self-reported data of respondents about members of their social network.The survey data show that in Lithuania political discussions in personal networks of people are not widespread and usually involve only family members. Only a small part of people belongs to politically homogeneous networks, which means that most people have relatively few reinforcing political interactions in their close social environment. Analysis of the relation between characteristics of the respondents’ social networks and their voting revealed that people, who are isolated from social and political communication because they do not have anyone with whom they can discuss matters that are important for them or talk about politics, also people, who do not have political discussions in their networks, also people, who belong to networks, whose members do not support any political party, are less likely to vote in the election. Contrary, people with more politicized social networks, also people who have knowledgeable political discussants, are more likely to participate in elections. The political homogeneity of social networks has a positive effect on an early decision about the vote and stability of voting over elections. People who share political preferences with their family, friends, co-workers or neighbours, are more likely to make their voting decision a long time before the election. People with higher political homogeneity of their social network are more likely to be loyal voters of the same party than people, who are isolated from social and political communication, or people with politically heterogeneous networks.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Brain Volume
Authors: Lemmers Petra M.A. , Benders Manon J.N.L. , D’Ascenzo Rita , Zethof Jorine , Alderliesten Thomas , Kersbergen Karina J. , Isgum Ivana , de Vries Linda S. , Groenendaal Floris , van Bel Frank
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

A hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can compromise perfusion and oxygenation of the preterm brain. Reports suggest that PDA is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. We hypothesize that long-standing low cerebral oxygenation due to PDA might affect brain volume at term equivalent age.

METHODS:

Observational study in 140 infants investigating the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy–monitored cerebral oxygen saturation (rSco2) and MRI-assessed regional brain volume and maturation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule at term-equivalent age in 3 groups: those whose PDA closed with indomethacin, those who needed additional surgical closure, and matched controls.

RESULTS:

The surgery group had the lowest rSco2 values before closure (n = 35), 48% ± 9.7% (mean ± SD) as compared with the indomethacin (n = 35), 59% ± 10.4 (P < .001), and control groups (n = 70), 66% ± 6.9 (P < .001); the highest postnatal age before effective treatment; and the lowest volumes of most brain regions at term-equivalent age. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant effect of preductal closure rSco2 on cerebellar volume in this group. No differences were found in maturation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule.

CONCLUSIONS:

Long-standing suboptimal cerebral oxygenation due to a PDA may negatively influence brain growth, affecting neurodevelopmental outcome.
Maladaptive perfectionism as mediator among psychological control, eating disorders, and exercise dependence symptoms in habitual exerciser
Authors: Costa Sebastiano , Hausenblas Heather A. , Oliva Patrizia , Cuzzocrea Francesca , Larcan Rosalba
Published: March 2016

Background and aims

The current study examined the mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism among parental psychological control, eating disorder symptoms, and exercise dependence symptoms by gender in habitual exercisers.

Methods

Participants were 348 Italian exercisers (n = 178 men and n = 170 women; M age = 20.57, SD = 1.13) who completed self-report questionnaires assessing their parental psychological control, maladaptive perfectionism, eating disorder symptoms, and exercise dependence symptoms.

Results

Results of the present study confirmed the mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism for eating disorder and exercise dependence symptoms for the male and female exercisers in the maternal data. In the paternal data, maladaptive perfectionism mediated the relationships between paternal psychological control and eating disorder and exercise dependence symptoms as full mediator for female participants and as partial mediator for male participants.

Discussion

Findings of the present study suggest that it may be beneficial to consider dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism and parental psychological control when studying eating disorder and exercise dependence symptoms in habitual exerciser.
DISQUALIFICATION OF CERTIFICATION BY HOSPITAL ACCREDITATION: PERCEPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF
Authors: Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: March 2016

Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study that aimed to analyze the perceptions of professional certification disqualification by the Hospital Accreditation. A hospital was selectedthat lost the title of Accredited with Excellence. Twenty-three professionals participated who were working in care or hospital management who, in May 2014, answered a semi-structured interview, recorded and guided by the question: "Tell me about the disqualification of the certification of this hospital by the Accreditation". Based on the transcription and thematic analysis of the interviews, three categories emerged: disqualification of certification by Accreditation: grounds mentioned by workers; negative feelings related to the certification of the discredit and Accreditation; Certification disqualification: insufficient reason for abandoning principles of Accreditation. It was concluded that the loss of certification by the Accreditation caused a deep sense of regret among workers. Nevertheless, to favor the quality of care, participants signaled that the essential principles of Accreditation and some implemented actions remain at the service.
Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e anatomopatológica do sistema urinário de ovinos confinados com ou sem suplementação de cloreto de amônio
Authors: Santarosa Bianca P. , Ferreira Danilo O.L. , Rodrigues Marcela M.P. , Dantas Gabriela N. , Sacco Soraya R. , Lopes Raimundo Souza , Dias Adriano , Gonçalves Roberto C.
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A acidificação urinária com cloreto de amônio (CA) é um método preventivo eficiente em urolitíase obstrutiva em ovinos. Os objetivos deste estudo com ovinos confinados, que receberam dieta concentrada com elevado teor proteico, foram: verificar o efeito da dieta sobre a formação de urólitos e o desenvolvimento da doença; analisar as características macroscópicas e histopatológicas do sistema urinário; relacionar os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e necroscópicos com a presença de urólitos. Utilizaram-se 60 ovinos machos: grupo CA (n=40), 400 mg/kg CA/dia, tratados via oral, por 42 dias consecutivos; grupo-controle (n=20), não tratado. Determinaram-se sete momentos de colheita de amostras com intervalos de sete dias, no total de 56 dias de confinamento. Encontraram-se microcálculos na pelve renal em cinco animais de ambos os grupos. As lesões renais microscópicas mais relevantes foram congestão vascular e necrose tubular. Concluiu-se que a dieta rica em concentrado provocou lesão renal em ambos os grupos, embora sem alterar a função renal, o que foi comprovado em testes pela ureia e creatinina séricas. O cloreto de amônio fornecido ao grupo CA não impediu a calculogênese, mas reduziu sua prevalência em relação ao grupo-controle. Os ovinos do grupo-controle tiveram maior comprometimento renal, pela alta incidência de cristalúria e pela necrose tubular, induzidas pelo consumo da dieta rica em grãos.
Molecular Basis for Resistance to Fluazifop-P-Butyl in Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) from Costa Rica
Authors: CASTILLO-MATAMOROS R. , BRENES-ANGULO A. , HERRERA-MURILLO F. , GÓMEZ ALPÍZAR. L.
Published: March 2016

Rottboellia cochinchinensis is an annual grass weed species known as itchgrass, or "caminadora" in America´s Spanish speaking countries, and has become a major and troublesome weed in several crops. The application of fluazifop-P-butyl at recommended rates (125 g a.i. ha-1) was observed to be failing to control itchgrass in a field in San José, Upala county, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. Plants from the putative resistant R. cochinchinensis population survived fluazifop-P-butyl when treated with 250 g a.i. ha-1 (2X label rate) at the three- to four-leaf stage under greenhouse conditions. PCR amplification and sequencing of partial carboxyl transferase domain (CT) of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene were used to determine the molecular mechanism of resistance. A single non-synonymous point mutation from TGG (susceptible plants) to TGC (putative resistant plants) that leads to a Trp-2027-Cys substitution was found. This Trp-2027-Cys mutation is known to confer resistance to all aryloxyphenoxyproprionate (APP) herbicides to which fluazifop-P-butyl belongs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fluazifop-P-butyl resistance and a mutation at position 2027 for a Costa Rican R. cochinchinensis population.
Determinação das emissões de dióxido de carbono das matérias primas do concreto produzido na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Santoro Jair Frederico , Kripka Moacir
Published: March 2016

Resumo O concreto é um dos materiais mais usados na construção civil no Brasil, e seu uso difundido advém da grande facilidade de execução e adaptação às mais diversas formas. Reduzir o consumo dos materiais envolvidos na produção do concreto é uma das maneiras de buscar uma maior sustentabilidade da construção civil. Estas reduções de consumo de materiais, se avaliadas levando-se em conta também os impactos que a produção e o transporte dos mesmos geram no meio ambiente, podem vir a aprimorar ou redirecionar as conclusões ou decisões a serem tomadas em relação à busca de uma maior sustentabilidade ambiental. Dentro deste enfoque foram levantadas e avaliadas as emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2), impactos ambientais gerados quando da extração/produção e transporte até o local de utilização das matérias primas do concreto. Juntamente foram levantadas e avaliadas as emissões na produção e transporte do concreto até a obra. Dentre as conclusões do estudo constatou-se que menores resistências características do concreto produzirão menores emissões de CO2, e que a influência do transporte nas emissões é significativa devido às longas distâncias percorridas pela maior parte das matérias primas.
Instrumentation for mechanical vibrations analysis in the time domain and frequency domain using the Arduino platform
Authors: Varanis Marcus , Silva Anderson Langone , Brunetto Pedro Henrique Ayres , Gregolin Rafael Ferreira
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we use the Arduino platform together with sensors as accelerometer, gyroscope and ultrasound, to measure vibrations in mechanical systems. The main objective is to assemble a signals acquisition system easy to handle, of low cost and good accuracy for teaching purposes. It is also used the Python language and its numerical libraries for signal processing. This paper proposes the study of vibrations of a beam, which is measured by position, velocity and acceleration. An experimental setup was implemented. The results obtained are compared with analytical models and computer simulations using finite elements. The results are in agreement with the literature.
Corn Yield Loss Due to Volunteer Soybean
Authors: Alms Jill , Clay Sharon A. , Vos David , Moechnig Michael
Published: March 2016

The widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean in cropping rotations often results in volunteer plants from the previous season becoming problem weeds that require alternative herbicides for control. Corn yield losses due to season-long volunteer soybean competition at several densities in two growing seasons were used to define a hyperbolic yield loss function. The maximum corn yield loss observed at high volunteer soybean densities was about 56%, whereas, the incremental yield loss (I) at low densities was 3.2%. Corn yield loss at low volunteer soybean densities was similar to losses reported for low densities of velvetleaf and redroot pigweed, with 10% yield loss estimated to occur at 3 to 4 volunteer soybean plants m−2. Several herbicides, including dicamba with or without diflufenzopyr applied at the V2 growth stage of volunteer soybean, provided > 90% control, demonstrating several economical options to control volunteer glyphosate-resistant soybean in glyphosate-resistant corn. Reevaluation of control recommendations may be needed with commercialization of other genetically modified herbicide-resistant soybean varieties.
Fertigation of Brassica rapa L. using treated landfill leachate as a nutrient recycling option
Authors: Alaribe Frank O. , Agamuthu Pariatamby
Published: March 2016

Optimising nutrient availability and minimising plant metal contamination are vital in sustainable agriculture. This paper reports experiments in which treated leachate was used at different concentrations with predetermined N content for fertigation of Brassica rapa L. (leafy vegetable). An inorganic fertiliser, with N content equivalent to the leachate amount, was also prepared, as well as a control. Growth (leaf length, leaf width and stem height), harvest parameters (total number of leaves, root length and root dry weight) and specific growth rates (mm/day) were determined for three consecutive seasons. The dry weights of leaves, roots and stems in the leachate treatments were within the ranges of 1.95–3.60 g, 1.18–3.60 g and 0.33–1.37 g, with biomasses of 1.75 g, 1.14 g and 0.2 g, respectively, which were higher than those of the control. B. rapa L. fertigated with 25% diluted treated leachate recorded high specific growth rate and a leaf length of 0.53 mm/day and 0.23.17±0.58 cm, respectively (%N=0.023; p<0.05). The maximum permissible mineral concentration set by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) was compared with that of the grown plants. Treated leachate can increase plant nutrient content.
Antimutagenic and antioxidant effects of a South African traditional formulation used as an immune booster
Authors: Ngcobo Mlungisi , Gqaleni Nceba , Ndlovu Victor
Published: March 2016

The traditional medicines sector in South Africa is still largely unregulated despite legislation aimed at regulating the practice being in place. The HIV and AIDS epidemic has fuelled demand for traditional medicines, with many patients consulting traditional health practitioners who offer different treatments, including herbal immune boosters. This study investigated the mutagenic and antioxidant effects of the widely sold herbal immune booster, uMakhonya®. The Ames test was used for analysis of the genototoxic effects while the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay was used to evaluate cell cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 monocytes. To evaluate the antioxidant effects the malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification, the nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used. UMakhonya® doses of up to 5000 μg/mL were not genotoxic in the Ames test. UMakhonya® was shown to induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both PBMCs and THP-1 cells with doses ranging from 500 μg/ mL to 1000 μg/mL, showing significant (p<0.05) toxicity. UMakhonya® was able to significantly (p<0.05) reduce nitrite radicals at 100 μg/mL while lower doses were not effective when compared to samples stimulated by lipopolysaccharide only. Non-cytotoxic doses of uMakhonya® showed significant (p<0.05) lipid peroxide scavenging ability in supernatants while this scavenging ability was considerably reduced intracellularly. In the DPPH assay, when both uMakhonya® and ascorbic acid were reconstituted in buffered saline, the traditional herbal remedy showed better radical scavenging abilities. Therefore further studies on the genotoxicity of uMakhonya®, when metabolically activated, and its antioxidant effects in in-vivo models are warranted.
Trading on extinction: An open-access deterrence model for the South African abalone fishery
Authors: Crookes Douglas J.
Published: March 2016

South African rhinoceros (e.g. Diceros bicornis) and abalone (Haliotis midae) have in common that they both are harvested under open-access conditions, are high-value commodities and are traded illegally. The difference is that a legal market for abalone already exists. An open-access deterrence model was developed for South African abalone, using Table Mountain National Park as a case study. It was found that illegal poaching spiked following the closure of the recreational fishery. The resource custodian’s objective is to maximise returns from confiscations. This study showed that a legal trade results in a ‘trading on extinction’ resource trap, with a race for profits, an increase in the probability of detection after a poaching event and the depletion of populations. In contrast with HS Gordon’s seminal article (J Polit Econ 1954;62:124–142), profit maximisation does not automatically improve the sustainability of the resource. Under certain conditions (e.g. a legal trade with costly enforcement), profit maximisation may actually deplete abalone populations. The article also has implications for rhino populations, as a legal trade is currently proposed.
Leadership and community participation: a literature review
Authors: Redondo Gisela
Published: March 2016

This article presents a literature review of the relationship between leadership and community participation to identify the research topics underpinning the studies and theoretical works in this domain. A systematic review of electronic sources was conducted, covering the period from 1990 to 2015. A total of 1.890 articles in the social sciences were identified, and the full texts of 17 articles were reviewed in detail. The criteria used in selecting articles with key theoretical and empirical contributions were the number of times an article was cited and the relevance of the topic. The results were exploited through a comprehensive review. The articles discuss different modes of community participation that have been divided into the categories of leadership in professional communities, leadership in relation to family participation, and leadership in relation to other community members. It has been identified that there are fewer works that include integrative approaches in terms of dialogical leadership among all community members. This review suggests a need to further investigate the leadership dynamics that, through community participation, may result in improvements for society.
O conceito de sujeito entre os falantes
Authors: Pontes Eunice Souza Lima
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O estudo de como as pessoas categorizam objetos naturais tem mostrado que  uso dos conceitos não obedece ao ponto de vista clássico. As pessoas usam traços que não são necessários nem suficientes em sua tarefa de categorização. Quando se pede que definam objetos naturais, as pessoas usam esses traços, também.Eu pedi a professora de Português para definir sujeito e descobrir que eles usam traços não necessários e não-suficientes em suas definições. As definições nas gramáticas tradicionais também não obedecem às exigências do ponto de vista clássico. Quando testados, os estudantes demonstram que categorizam o sujeito de acordo com as definições dadas por seus professores. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma definição prototípica do sujeito em vez de para uma definição do tipo clássico.Abstract: The study of how people categorize natural objects as shown that the use of concepts does not conform to the classical view. People use features which are non-necessary neither sufficient in their tash of categorization.When asked to define objects, people use these features, also. I have asked Portuguese teachers to define the subject and found that they use no sufficient and no necessary features in their definitions. The definitions in tradicional grammars do not obey the demands of classical view either. When tested, students show that they categorize the subject according to the definitions given by teachers. Results point to a phototypical definition of the subject rather than to a classical one.
A fala do poder e o poder da fala
Authors: Campos Maria Helena Rabelo
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A questão da posse da terra, as relações entre poder e linguagem, a leitura do mundo e a leitura da palavra são aspectos abordados nesta análise de um poema de Patativa do Assaré, poeta-cantador do nordeste do Brasil.Abstract: The problem of the owners of the land, the relation between power and language, the reading of the world and the reading of the word; these are topics dealt with in this analysis of a poem by Patativa do Asaaré, a poet singing of the Brazilian northeast.
Da propriedade privada
Authors: Senra Angela Maria De Freitas
Published: March 2016

Da propriedade privada por Angela Senra
Valsinha
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de
Published: March 2016

Valsinha por Luiz Clâudio Vieira de Oliveira
CULTURA CLÁSSICA E LITERATURA VERNACULAR NO SÉCULO XV EM CASTELA E PORTUGAL * CLASSICAL CULTURE AND VERNACULAR LITERATURE IN THE XVTH CENTURY IN CASTILLE AND PORTUGAL
Authors: Shibata Ricardo Hiroyuki
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Neste artigo, procuramos pensar a questão da apropriação da cultura clássica na Península Ibérica, notadamente, nas cortes de Portugal (corte de Avis) e de Castela, no século XV, a partir de uma série de iniciativas de contornos humanistas. Em particular, trata-se de examinar as ações de alguns homens de letras do período, que, por meio de traduções, glosas e comentários, indicaram os caminhos para a constituição estratégica de uma literatura de caráter vernacular. Palavras-chave: Humanismo; século XV; literatura vernacular; Corte de Avis Abstract: In this article, we try to establish the ways of appropriation of classical culture in the Iberian Peninsula, especially, in Portugal (reign of Avis) and Castile courts, in the XVth century according to some works of humanist character. In particular, it means to examine the actions of some men of letters from that period, which, by translations and commentaries, pointed out the directions of a strategic constituion of a vernacular literature. Keywords: Humanismo; XVth century; vernacular culture; Avis Court
FOLHA DE ROSTO
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: March 2016

Folha de Rosto
CUSTO DE CAPITAL, ENDIVIDAMENTO E SUSTENTABILIDADE EMPRESARIAL: UM ESTUDO NO MERCADO DE CAPITAIS BRASILEIRO NO PERÍODO DE 2009 A 2013
Authors: Maciel Peixoto Fernanda , Barcelos Pains Marielle , Alves de Araújo Aracy , Machado Guimarães Thayse
Published: March 2016

O objetivo com este estudo foi verificar quais os efeitos da decisão de uma empresa em aderir ao Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) sobre seu custo de capital e endividamento, no período de 2009 a 2013. Sabe-se que as discussões em torno da sustentabilidade nas duas últimas décadas no Brasil mostram a crescente adoção de uma consciência ecológica e socialmente responsável em diferentes setores da sociedade, em especial no meio empresarial. As empresas que aderem a índices de sustentabilidade buscam melhorar a imagem, reduzir a percepção de risco e aumentar sua credibilidade no mercado em que atuam. O quadro teórico de referência se baseou, principalmente, nos estudos de Peixoto (2012) e de Teixeira, Nossa e Funchal (2011). Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos adotados, utilizaram-se os métodos de regressão Pooled OLS e Painel, com efeitos fixos e aleatórios. Os resultados revelaram que existe uma relação negativa entre a adesão ao ISE e custo de capital, bem como entre a adesão ao ISE e o endividamento, confirmando as hipóteses iniciais e a literatura sobre o tema. Ademais, notou-se que as empresas pertencentes aos setores de energia elétrica, fundos e software e dados tendem a ter uma elevação no risco da estrutura interna de capital, enquanto as dos setores de construção, de minerais não metálicos e de mineração tendem a ter seu risco reduzido. Observou-se, ainda, que as empresas do setor de eletrônicos tendem a apresentar uma estrutura de capital menos alavancada.

Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidade. ISE. Custo de capital. Endividamento.
ANÁLISE DO EFEITO PAÍS DE ORIGEM EM PRODUTOS CHINESES DE ALTO E BAIXO GRAUS DE ENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Krummenauer Fernanda Cássia , Lazzari Fernanda , Sperandio Milan Gabriel , Eberle Luciene
Published: March 2016

O efeito país de origem pode ser definido como a imagem, a reputação e o estereótipo que empresários e consumidores atribuem a produtos de determinado país. Tal imagem é criada por variáveis, como o grau de representatividade dos produtos, as características nacionais e econômicas, o contexto político e histórico e as tradições. Nesse sentido, com este estudo, buscou-se identificar a variação do efeito país de origem sobre a qualidade percebida e confiança em relação a produtos de fabricação chinesa com diferentes graus de envolvimento associados ao seu consumo. Para tanto, fez-se uso de uma pesquisa experimental, com design fatorial 2x2. Os resultados mostram que o grupo que recebeu o questionário com as informações referentes a um produto de alto envolvimento de fabricação chinesa apresentou médias significantemente inferiores quando comparado ao grupo controle. Por outro lado, para o grupo que recebeu questionários abordando um produto de baixo envolvimento de fabricação chinesa, as diferenças entre as médias obtidas não apresentaram significância quando comparadas às médias do grupo controle. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os participantes avaliam de forma inferior a qualidade percebida e a confiança de produtos de alto envolvimento cujo país de origem tenha estereótipo negativo.

Palavras-chave: Efeito país de origem. Estereótipo negativo. Envolvimento. Qualidade percebida. Confiança.
CAPACIDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM ORGANIZACIONAL E DESEMPENHO INOVADOR: PERCEPÇÃO DOS ATORES DE UMA EMPRESA TÊXTIL
Authors: Klein Padilha Carolina , Matte Wojahn Rafaele , Gomes Giancarlo , Del Prá Neto Machado Denise
Published: March 2016

Apontada pela literatura como um fator importante para qualquer organização, a capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional tem se tornado um fator preponderante quanto à inovação nas organizações. Assim, no presente estudo objetivou-se verificar como a capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional afeta o desempenho inovador em uma empresa têxtil. A pesquisa tem abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, de corte transversal e survey. O questionário foi aplicado a 158 empregados de uma mesma empresa da indústria têxtil, localizada no Vale do Itajaí, Estado de Santa Catarina. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. No que se refere à aprendizagem organizacional, a dimensão diálogo foi a que obteve maiores escores, indicando maior cooperação quanto à inovação. Entretanto, interação com o ambiente externo foi a dimensão que apresentou o menor poder de explicação da aprendizagem em razão da amostra pesquisada. Já o desempenho inovador sofre maior impacto pela eficiência em processos do que pela eficácia em produtos. De tal modo, os resultados sustentaram que a capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional impacta positivamente sobre o desempenho inovador na indústria pesquisada, o que leva as empresas atuantes do setor a inovarem continuamente, considerando-se a entrada de produtos do mercado asiático, sobretudo dos chineses.

Palavras-chave: Desempenho inovador. Capacidade de aprendizagem organizacional. Empresa têxtil.
WHO ARE THE BRAZILIANS TOBACCO GROWERS THAT BREACH THEIR CONTRACTS WHIT THE INDUSTRY?
Authors: Moreira Begnis Heron Sergio , Arend Silvio Cesar , Alievi Rejane Maria
Published: March 2016

Based on the Transaction Costs and inter-organizational relations literature, this study analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics of the growers who may be related to opportunistic behavior and contract breach in the tobacco chain in South Brazil. In terms of its contractual relations, tobacco production chain is very little explored, although the contractual terms are determinants in Integrated Production Systems (IPS). The nature of this research is quantitative and the data were collected through a survey with tobacco growers from the three states of South Brazil. The analysis showed the main characteristics of the tobacco growers who are more likely to breach their contracts with integrative companies.

Keywords: Contract Breach. Integrated Production System (IPS). Opportunism. Tobacco.
COMPETÊNCIAS GERENCIAIS REQUERIDAS EM EMPRESAS FAMILIARES: O OLHAR DE SUCESSORES
Authors: Da Silva Barreto Laís Karla , De Clodoaldo Pinto Guerra Leone Nilda Maria , Angeloni Maria Terezinha
Published: March 2016

Neste estudo teve-se por objetivo descrever o perfil de competência identificado pelos herdeiros candidatos a sucessores das empresas familiares em relação aos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. O referencial foi fundamentado em estudos sobre herdeiros de empresas familiares e gestão da competência. Como procedimento metodológico, utilizou-se a pesquisa exploratória, realizada de forma quantitativa, elaborada por meio de pesquisa de campo. A amostra foi por acessibilidade e endereçada às empresas familiares de João Pessoa-PB. Na dimensão Conhecimento, confirmou-se a disposição dos pesquisados pela busca do conhecimento sobre o Setor de atuação da Empresa, a Gestão de Pessoas, a Informática, a Gestão da Qualidade, a Psicologia Organizacional e o Produto/mercado de atuação da Empresa. Na dimensão Habilidade, as variáveis relativas ao Planejamento, à Liderança, à Decisão, ao Trabalho em Equipe, à Execução, à Inspiração/Motivação e às Relações Interpessoais foram consideradas de extrema importância. Identificou-se a necessidade de melhorar a capacidade de criticar e sintetizar dados e informações sobre processos e pessoas para a tomada de decisões. Foram consideradas de extrema importância as atitudes referentes à ética, ao autocontrole, à determinação, à responsabilidade, à servidão e ao comprometimento. Destacou-se a ética com grande ênfase no sentido do respeito pelo outro, honestidade e justiça. Os resultados apontam para um perfil de competência que indica a percepção da importância da capacitação profissional e gerencial e da valorização do desenvolvimento pessoal e da ética. O confronto entre o arcabouço teórico utilizado e os dados obtidos desvendou o perfil de competência gerencial como resposta à complexidade do ambiente organizacional.

Palavras-chave: Competência. Perfil. Sucessores. Empresa familiar. Sucessão.
FATORES DETERMINANTES DO DISCLOSURE DO CAPITAL HUMANO
Authors: Góis Alan Diógenes , Martins Mendes De Luca Márcia , Alcantara Monte Junior José Airton
Published: March 2016

Nos últimos anos, percebeu-se um significativo crescimento no interesse sobre a mensuração, o gerenciamento e a evidenciação do capital intelectual. Nesse contexto, neste estudo investigaram-se os fatores determinantes do disclosure do capital humano pelas empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa. Para tanto, foram analisados o relatório anual e/ou de sustentabilidade, a Demonstração do Valor Adicionado e dados da base Economática® de 56 empresas, referentes ao período de 2010 a 2013. A pesquisa tem natureza descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, e utiliza-se a Regressão Linear Múltipla com dados em painel. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram constatar que a rentabilidade e a eficiência do capital humano estão relacionadas positivamente ao disclosure do capital humano. Já o grau de intangibilidade apresentou relação inversa com o disclosure do capital humano, enquanto o tamanho, a concentração acionária e o endividamento não apresentaram relação significante. Conclui-se que, no geral, as empresas da amostra se preocupam em garantir a evidenciação do recurso estratégico capital humano em seus relatórios, apesar de ele não ser mensurado e reconhecido pela contabilidade. Cabe à gestão desenvolver estratégias que evidenciem a importância dos colaboradores, assim como implementar políticas de investimento na criação e retenção de talentos, pois esse recurso favorece a vantagem competitiva, de acordo com os preceitos da Visão Baseada em Recursos.

Palavras-chave: Capital intelectual. Capital humano. Disclosure. Visão baseada em recursos.
The role of pituitary and extrapituitary prolactin in reproduction and oncology
Authors: Skałba Władysław , Lemm Magdalena , Witek Andrzej
Published: March 2016

Prolaktyna (PRL) działa w organizmie człowieka jako hormon wydzielany do krwi i jako cytokina. W pracy, po krótkim przedstawieniu struktury PRL i jej receptora, skoncentrowano się na lokalnym wydzielaniu hormonu przez endometrium i komórki jajnika. Omówiono dostępne informacje na temat auto- i parakrynnego działania hormonu w endometrium i jajniku. Zwrócono uwagę na rolę PRL w rakach endometrium i jajnika oraz na kliniczne aspekty dotyczące diagnostyki i nowych możliwości terapeutycznych w tych nowotworach, wynikające z badań nad osią PRL–PRLR. W zakończeniu zasugerowano, iż wiele interesujących problemów, ważnych z punktu widzenia patologii i kliniki obu nowotworów, nie zostało jeszcze odkrytych, stanowiąc wyzwanie dla przyszłych badań.
Citizens Educating Themselves: The Case of Argentina in the Post-economic Collapse Era
Authors: D'Elia Luis
Published: March 2016

In reviewing some of the particular contexts in which hundreds of thousands of Argentineans have been organizing and educating themselves around and after the time of the country’s recent historical crisis, I will be looking at relevant work done by researchers and educators paying special attention at those coming from South America, and, in particular, from Argentina. The intention of this article is to look critically into the exceptional socio-cultural-political conditions that enable Argentinean “crisis” new movement groups to seek out and practice uncompromising, autonomous ways of adult and collective non-formal and informal education.