bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Labor Onset and Outcomes in Obese Women at Term
Authors: Wang Judy , Conner Shayna , Tuuli Methodius , Macones George , Woolfolk Candice , Cahill Alison , Frolova Antonina
Published: August 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the rates of spontaneous labor onset and its progression in obese and nonobese women after 37 weeks.

Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of all women who were admitted for delivery at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation at a university-based tertiary care center between 2004 and 2010. The cohort was stratified by weeks of gestation at which the patient presented for delivery. The rates of spontaneous labor, vaginal delivery, and augmentation with oxytocin were compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) and nonobese (BMI < 30) women.

Results Obese women had lower rates of spontaneous labor than nonobese women at every gestational week (37 weeks, 6.1 vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001; 38 weeks, 12.8 vs. 19.2%, p < 0.001; 39 weeks 26.0 vs. 37.0%, p < 0.001; 40 weeks, 39.6 vs. 50.2%, p < 0.001; 41 weeks, 30.8 vs. 38.0%, p < 0.012). Among women who presented in spontaneous labor, obesity was associated with higher rates of augmentation with oxytocin and lower rates of vaginal delivery.

Conclusion Obese women at or beyond 37 weeks are less likely to experience spontaneous labor compared with nonobese women. In addition, obese women presenting in spontaneous labor are less likely that nonobese women to have a vaginal delivery at 37 to 40 weeks, even after oxytocin augmentation.
Combined Intra- and Extra-Articular Technique in Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zanovello Jessica , Rosso Federica , Bistolfi Alessandro , Rossi Roberto , Castoldi Filippo
Published: August 2017

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the “over the top” (OTT) nonanatomical technique for revision of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods Twenty-four patients with a mean age of 31.9 ± 11.2 years underwent revision of ACL reconstruction using OTT technique. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm score, Tegner score, Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sport (SPORTS) score, Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and KT-1000 evaluation were recorded at a mean follow-up of 30.7 ± 18.9 months.

Results Postoperatively, the IKDC objective total score significantly improved (p = 0.0046). The KOOS, Lysholm, and Tegner scores also improved, but the results were not statistically significant (62.4 vs. 72.6, 6.5 vs. 75.8, and 4.1 vs. 6.0, respectively). The subjective IKDC evaluation score improved from an average of 51.1 points to 63.7 points at the last follow-up (p = 0.0027). The RTP prevalence was 81.8%, with 44.4% of the patients returning to the same preinjury level. According to the SPORTS score, 16.6% of patients played sport without limitations in activity and performance. The average ACL-RSI score was 52.1 ± 27.0. No major complications were reported. A total of 21.5% of patients underwent surgical removal of staples. The failure prevalence was 14.3% and the cumulative survivorship, calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, was equal to 70% at 60 months of follow-up.

Conclusion The OTT technique in the revision ACL reconstruction provided improvement in objective and subjective scores, good RTP prevalence, and acceptable rate of complication and failure. One of the advantages was the possibility to avoid the femoral tunnel.

Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
“Drink before breakfast and vomit”
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias , Mayer Johannes
Published: August 2017

Die Wiederentdeckung Amerikas brachte uns Europäern einige heute sehr bekannte Arzneipflanzen, darunter die Kapuzinerkresse (Tropaeolum majus L., Arzneipflanze des Jahres 2013), die Passionsblume (Passiflora incarnata L., Arzneipflanze des Jahres 2011), die Sägepalme (Serenoa repens [W.Bartram] Small), den Purpur-Sonnenhut (Echinacea purpurea [L.] Moench) und auch die Virginische Zaubernuss (Hamamelis virginiana L.). Da die Zaubernuss sich bereits früh bei den europäischen Siedlern größerer Beliebtheit erfreute, lässt sich hier sehr gut die Übernahme der traditionellen Verwendung bei den Ureinwohnern sowie die sich entwickelnde kommerzielle Vermarktung und wissenschaftliche Erforschung im 19. Jahrhundert nachzeichnen. Ebenso sind der Sprung nach Europa ab den 1870er-Jahren und nachfolgende Entwicklungen gut zu verfolgen.
Der N. trigeminus in der osteopathischen Praxis
Authors: Schendel Linda
Published: August 2017

Der N. trigeminus ist der 5. und dickste der Hirnnerven. Durch seine zahlreichen sensiblen sowie motorischen Fasern wird ihm eine große
Bedeutung in der osteopathischen Praxis zuteil. Im Verlauf seiner 3 Äste können zahlreiche Dysfunktionen entstehen, für deren Behandlung die
kraniosakrale Osteopathie einige Techniken bereithält. Folgender Artikel soll einen Überblick über Anatomie, Dysfunktionen und mögliche
Behandlungsoptionen geben.
Philosophie und ihre Bedeutung für die Osteopathie?
Authors: Ingenfeld Martin
Published: August 2017

Die Osteopathie steht seit ihrer Entstehung in einem engen Zusammenhang zu einer an der Philosophie orientierten kritischen Selbstreflexion
wie auch zum medizinischen und wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand ihrer Zeit. Die andauernde Vertrauenskrise des Gesundheitswesens, aber
auch der dramatische Erkenntnisfortschritt in der naturwissenschaftlich fundierten Medizin sollten Anlass sein, diese Auseinandersetzungen
selbstbewusst fortzuführen – ohne die eigenen Wurzeln zu verleugnen, aber auch ohne unüberlegte Abgrenzungen.
Jubiläumsfeier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) – 175 Jahre Psychiatrische Fachgesellschaften in Deutschland
Authors: Hohagen Fritz
Published: August 2017

Am 29. Juni 2017 beging die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) in einem feierlichen Festakt in der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin ihr 175-jähriges Jubiläum – genauer gesagt das 175-jährige Jubiläum der Fachgesellschaft und ihrer Vorgängerorganisationen 1. Ein wissenschaftliches Symposium stellte die Vielfältigkeit des Gebietes Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie dar, die von den Neurowissenschaften über Psychotherapie zu Versorgungsfragen und spezieller Herausforderung durch die alternde Gesellschaft und die damit verbundene Morbidität reichte. In einem gesonderten Festakt stellte der derzeitige Präsident, Herr Prof. Dr. Deister, die aktuellen Positionen und Diskurse sowie wichtige wissenschaftliche und gesundheitspolitische Fragestellungen innerhalb der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie dar, wohingegen Frau Prof. Dr. Gesine Schwan als Festrednerin eine Außensicht auf die aktuelle Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie darstellte. Eine Festschrift gibt die historische Entwicklung des Faches und der Fachgesellschaft wieder (siehe Literatur), die hier kurz zusammengefasst werden soll.
Typologies of knowledge: a reexamination from the perspective of cognitive materialism
Authors: Zukerfeld Mariano
Published: August 2017

The aim of this paper is to reexamine some typologies of knowledge as a means of framing the presentation of our own typology, which arises from a particular theoretical framework – cognitive materialism. In a somewhat arbitrary route through the economics of innovation, organizational and management studies, the typologies of Lundvall, Machlup, Mokyr, Spender, Blackler and Chartrand are reviewed and criticized. Then, picking up on some elements which arise from the previous analysis, the proposal of a cognitive materialist typology is introduced, based on distinguishing types of knowledge on the basis of the material medium or bearer in which they exist. A division into four types is suggested: knowledge with a biological, subjective, inter-subjective and objective bearer, each with its own respective sub-types.
China and the Middle East security governance in the new era
Authors: Sun Degang
Published: August 2017

In the 21st century, conflicts in the Middle East can generally be classified into four types, namely: conflicts between outside powers and Middle Eastern countries; between Middle Eastern countries themselves; between different political parties and religious sects within a sovereign country; as well as transnational and cross-border conflicts. The mode of China’s participation in Middle Eastern security governance includes political, security and social conflicts. There are three categories of domestic mechanisms in Chinese practice, specifically: the special envoy mechanism by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the procession and peace-keeping mechanisms by the Chinese Ministry of National Defense; and the foreign aid mechanism by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce. The China–Arab States Cooperation Forum, the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation, the United Nations and other international organizations constitute the major international regimes for China’s security governance. China’s Middle Eastern security governance creates not only ‘public goods’ for the region but also a means for China to build constructive great power relations with the United States, the European Union and Russia, among others. The styles of Chinese and Western security governance in the Middle East vary with the Chinese side placing most emphasis on improving the well-being of Middle Eastern peoples and placing this as the top priority on the agenda, followed by a ‘bottom-up’ roadmap, and the seeking of incremental, consultative, inclusive and selective governance in Middle East conflict resolution.
Pet10p is a yeast perilipin that stabilizes lipid droplets and promotes their assembly
Authors: Gao Qiang , Binns Derk D. , Kinch Lisa N. , Grishin Nick V. , Ortiz Natalie , Chen Xiao , Goodman Joel M.
Published: August 2017

Pet10p is a yeast lipid droplet protein of unknown function. We show that it binds specifically to and is stabilized by droplets containing triacylglycerol (TG). Droplets isolated from cells with a PET10 deletion strongly aggregate, appear fragile, and fuse in vivo when cells are cultured in oleic acid. Pet10p binds early to nascent droplets, and their rate of appearance is decreased in pet10Δ. Moreover, Pet10p functionally interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum droplet assembly factors seipin and Fit2 to maintain proper droplet morphology. The activity of Dga1p, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and TG accumulation were both 30–35% lower in the absence of Pet10p. Pet10p contains a PAT domain, a defining property of perilipins, which was not previously known to exist in yeast. We propose that the core functions of Pet10p and other perilipins extend beyond protection from lipases and include the preservation of droplet integrity as well as collaboration with seipin and Fit2 in droplet assembly and maintenance.
Growth of Solutions to NLS on Irrational Tori
Authors: Deng Yu , Germain Pierre
Published: August 2017

We prove polynomial bounds on the $H^s$ growth for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation set on a torus, in dimension 3, with super-cubic and sub-quintic nonlinearity. Due to improved Strichartz estimates, these bounds are better for irrational tori than they are for rational tori.
Case-based review: pediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Kline Cassie N , Packer Roger J , Hwang Eugene I , Raleigh David R , Braunstein Steve , Raffel Corey , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Solomon David A , Aboian Mariam , Cha Soonmee , Mueller Sabine
Published: August 2017

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor affecting children. These tumors are high grade with propensity to metastasize within the central nervous system and, less frequently, outside the neuraxis. Recent advancements in molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma refine diagnosis and improve counseling in regards to overall prognosis. Both are predicated on the molecular drivers of each subgroup—WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3, and group 4. The traditional therapeutic mainstay for medulloblastoma includes a multimodal approach with surgery, radiation, and multiagent chemotherapy. As we discover more about the molecular basis of medulloblastoma, efforts to adjust treatment approaches based on molecular risk stratification are under active investigation. Certainly, the known neurological, developmental, endocrine, and psychosocial injury related to medulloblastoma and its associated therapies motivate ongoing research towards improving treatment for this life-threatening tumor while at the same time minimizing long-term side effects.
Diagnosing and managing scleroderma-related pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Athanasiou Katherine Alexis , Sahni Sonu , Rana Amrinder , Talwar Arunabh
Published: August 2017

Scleroderma is an uncommon autoimmune disease of unknown cause that may affect any organ system in the body. Patients with scleroderma are prone to developing pulmonary complications, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), that are the leading cause of death in this population. This article describes scleroderma-related PAH and its diagnosis and management.
The roles of dermal white adipose tissue loss in scleroderma skin fibrosis
Authors: Marangoni Roberta G. , Lu Theresa T.
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review

Dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) is distinct from subcutaneous white adipose tissue and is lost in scleroderma skin fibrosis. The roles of DWAT loss in scleroderma skin fibrosis have not been well understood, and here we discuss recent findings that begin to provide insight into the multiple mechanisms involved.

Recent findings

The DWAT loss in part reflects the direct contribution of DWAT cells to the fibrotic tissue, with the reprogramming of adipocytes to myofibroblasts. The DWAT contains reparative adipose-derived stromal cells and expresses antifibrotic cytokines such as adiponectin, and the loss of these skin-protective mechanisms with DWAT loss further contributes to skin fibrosis and injury.

Potentially, halting or reversing the transdifferentiation of adipocytes to myofibroblasts along with improving survival of reparative adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and expression of antifibrotic cytokines may be effective therapeutic avenues.
Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Due to Chryseobacterium indologenes
Authors: Antonello Vicente S. , Daht Priscila , Polli Janaína , Gross Milton , Colvero Maurício
Published: August 2017

Ventilator-associated pneumonia represents one of the most common nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality and associated costs. The authors report the case of a neonatal patient with ventilator-associated pneumonia secondary to Chryseobacterium indologenes and a review of the literature. The most effective empiric treatment for C. indologenes infection remains unclear due to limited data in the literature, and therefore, therapy should be adjusted in accordance with the result of the susceptibility profile.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Associated Implications for Health and Functioning Among Male and Female Post-9/11 Veterans
Authors: Iverson Katherine M. , Vogt Dawne , Maskin Rachel M. , Smith Brian N.
Published: August 2017

Background:

There is increased emphasis on identifying patients who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in Department of Veterans Affairs and other health care settings. A better understanding of IPV’s implications for health and functioning is needed among post-911 Veterans, and especially male Veterans, to inform IPV screening and response.

Objectives:

To identify past 6-month IPV experienced among partnered post-9/11 Veterans and examine sex-based associations between IPV and health.

Research Design:

A national sample of Veterans completed a survey that included measures of IPV victimization and health. Types of IPV and relationships with health and functioning were examined separately for male and female Veterans.

Subjects:

In total, 407 post-9/11 Veterans (52% women) in intimate relationships.

Measures:

IPV victimization was assessed with the Conflict Tactics Scales-Revised. Health and functioning indicators included posttraumatic stress disorder (PCL-5) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-Primary Care) symptoms, physical health–related quality of life (Short-Form 12-item Health Survey), and occupational functioning (Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning).

Results:

Nearly two thirds of both men and women reported past 6-month IPV, with greatest endorsement of psychological aggression (65% of men, 59% of women). A total of 8% of men and 7% of women reported physical IPV and 4% of men and 7% of women reported sexual IPV. Psychological aggression was strongly linked with mental health for both sexes and greater occupational impairment for men. Physical and sexual IPV were associated with more severe mental health symptoms for women while physical IPV was negatively associated with physical health–related quality of life for men.

Conclusions:

Recent IPV victimization, especially psychological aggression, is a key health issue for partnered male and female post-9/11 Veterans. Practice and research implications are discussed.
Delirium in the Critically Ill Child
Authors: Norman Sharon , Taha Asma A. , Turner Helen N.
Published: August 2017

Purpose/Objective:

The purposes of this article are to describe the scientific literature on assessment, prevention, and management of delirium in critically ill children and to articulate the implications for clinical nurse specialists, in translating the evidence into practice.

Description:

A literature search was conducted in 4 databases—OvidMEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, and Web of Science—using the terms “delirium,” “child,” and “critically ill” for the period of 2006 to 2016.

Outcome:

The scientific literature included articles on diagnosis, prevalence, risk factors, adverse outcomes, screening tools, prevention, and management. The prevalence of delirium in critically ill children is up to 30%. Risk factors include age, developmental delay, severity of illness, and mechanical ventilation. Adverse outcomes include increased mortality, hospital length of stay, and cost for the critically ill child with delirium. Valid and reliable delirium screening tools are available for critically ill children. Prevention and management strategies include interventions to address environmental triggers, sleep disruption, integrated family care, and mobilization.

Conclusion:

Delirium is a common occurrence for the critically ill child. The clinical nurse specialist is accountable for leading the implementation of practice changes that are based on evidence to improve patient outcomes. Screening and early intervention for delirium are key to mitigating adverse outcomes for critically ill children.
Reported Cases of Neurosyphilis Among Early Syphilis Cases—United States, 2009 to 2015
Authors: de Voux Alex , Kidd Sarah , Torrone Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2017

The surveillance of neurosyphilis, an uncommon but severe consequence of syphilis, is complex; surveillance classification of neurosyphilis requires a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. We examined the prevalence of reported neurosyphilis among primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis cases reported in the United States from 2009 to 2015. Overall, the prevalence of reported neurosyphilis from 2009 to 2015 was low (0.84%); however, this is likely an underestimate of the true burden in the United States.
Revisiting the Abdominal Donor Site: Introducing a Novel Nomenclature for Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Weissler Jason M. , Albino Frank P. , Carney Martin J. , Wu Liza C.
Published: August 2017

Background:

As abdominally based free flaps for breast reconstruction continue to evolve, significant effort has been invested in minimizing donor-site morbidity. The impact on the donor site remains a prevailing principle for breast reconstruction, and thus must be adequately reflected when classifying what is left behind following flap harvest. Although successful in describing the type of flap harvested, the existing nomenclature falls short of incorporating certain critical variables, such as degree of muscular preservation, fascial involvement, mesh implantation, and segmental nerve anatomy.

Methods:

In an effort to expand on Nahabedian’s 2002 classification system, this descriptive study revisits and critically reviews the existing donor-site classification system following abdominally based breast reconstruction.

Results:

The authors propose a nomenclature system that emphasizes variability in flap harvest technique, degree of muscular violation, fascial resection, mesh implantation, and degree of nerve transection.

Conclusion:

With this revised classification system, reconstructive surgeons can begin reporting more clinically relevant and accurate information with regard to donor-site morbidity.
Optimization and Standardization of the Immunodeficient Mouse Model for Assessing Fat Grafting Outcomes
Authors: Kokai Lauren E. , Jones Taraneh L. , Silowash Russell , Theisen Brian , DiBernardo Gabriella , Lu Andrew , Yi Bowen , Marra Kacey G. , Rubin J. Peter
Published: August 2017

Background:

Animal models are often used to assess interventions that might improve fat grafting outcomes; however, there is great variability in the models. The authors sought to determine the predictive value of the immunocompromised mouse model for fat grafting so that experiments could be standardized and optimized.

Methods:

Human lipoaspirate injections at different volumes and time points were assessed in a nude mouse model and compared with control injections of nonviable fat. Volume retention and explant histologic score were compared. In a separate study, interanimal reproducibility was determined by implanting a highly consistent hydrogel and measuring variability in volume retention.

Results:

Injection volume significantly affects adipose resorption kinetics at 6 and 12 weeks. Masson trichrome staining revealed that macrophages were unable to infiltrate large (1 ml) grafts, and oil cysts were not absorbed by 18 weeks, which interfered with interpretation of volume retention data. Nonviable tissue was resorbed when grafts were 0.3 ml, and quantification of graft histologic viability correlated well with graft retention at all study time points. Interanimal variability was measured to be 8.44 percent of the mean retention volume for small graft volumes.

Conclusions:

Human fat graft retention in the immunodeficient mouse correlates with graft viability in small, 0.3-ml-volume grafts. However, centralized oil cysts in nonviable 1.0-ml grafts were not resorbed by 18 weeks and thus volume measurements were confounded and not significantly different from viable samples. In addition, tissue injury scores increased in initially healthy fat grafts at 18 weeks, possibly because of a delayed immune reaction.
Transient Amaurosis and Diplopia After Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Authors: Odabaşi Onur , Şahin Onur , Polat Mehmet Emrah
Published: August 2017

A 40-year-old female patient was admitted to the authors’ oral and maxillofacial clinic for removal of her lower left second molar under local anesthesia. The patient's medical history revealed that she had cardiac arhythmia and hypertension. Inferior alveolar nerve block was achieved using 2 mL of sefacaine (%3 mepivacaine HCL, without epinephrine). The patient complained of loss of vision in her left eye. All procedures were stopped immediately. Within 2 minutes the patient reported diplopia. All of the symptoms disappeared about 5 minutes after initial observation. Follow-up after 1 day revealed no complications. The procedure was then performed uneventfully.
Monsters in the uterus: A parthenogenetic quasi-program causes teratoma-like tumors during aging in wild-typeC.elegans
Authors: Wang Hongyuan , Zhao Yuan , Ezcurra Marina , Gilliat Ann F. , Hellberg Josephine , Benedetto Alexandre , Athigapanich Trin , Girstmair Johannes , Telford Max , Zhang Zhizhou , Gems David
Published: August 2017

Many diseases whose frequency increases with advancing age are caused by aging (senescence), but the mechanisms of senescence remain poorly understood. According to G.C. Williams and M.V. Blagosklonny, a major etiological determinant of senescence is late-life, wild-type gene action and non-adaptive execution of biological programs (or quasi-programs). These generate a wide range of senescent pathologies causing illness and death. Here we investigate the etiology of a prominent senescent pathology in the nematodeC. elegans, uterine tumors, in the light of the Williams Blagosklonny theory. Uterine tumors develop from unfertilized, immature oocytes which execute incomplete embryogenetic programs. This includes extensive endomitosis, leading to formation of chromatin masses and cellular hypertrophy. The starting point of pathogenesis is exhaustion of sperm stocks. The timing of this transition between program and quasi-program can be altered by blocking sperm production (causing earlier tumors) or supplying additional sperm by mating (delaying tumor onset). Other pathophysiological determinants are yolk consumption by tumors, and bacterial proliferation within tumors. Uterine tumors resemble mammalian ovarian teratomas (tera, Greek: monster) in that both develop from oocytes that fail to mature after meiosis I, and both are the result of quasi-programs. Moreover, older but not younger uterine tumors show expression of markers of later embryogenesis, i.e. are teratoma-like. These results show how uterine tumors inC. elegansform as the result of run-on of embryogenetic quasi-programs. They also suggest fundamental etiological equivalence between teratoma and some forms of senescent pathology, insofar as both are caused by quasi-programs.
COGEM: A Toolbox for Computational Genomics in Matlab
Authors: Perkins Theodore J.
Published: August 2017

Motivation

The Matlab programming language is widely used for both teaching and research in engineering, computer science, and mathematics. Despite its many strengths, it has never been a dominant language in computational genomics or bioinformatics more generally.

Results

Here, we introduce COGEM, a long-term project to develop computational genomics functionality in Matlab. The initial release provides functions for manipulating genomic intervals, stranded or unstranded, with or without numerical data associated. It includes features for both text and binary file input and output, conversion between BAM, BED and BEDGRAPH formats, and numerous functions for manipulating intervals, including shifting, expanding, overlapping, intersecting, unioning, finding nearest intervals, piling up intervals, and performing unary and binary numerical and logical operations on sets of intervals. The toolbox is well-suited to the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. We demonstrate its functionality by creating a ChIP-seq peak-calling algorithm by chaining together a series of commands, and find it capable of analyzing genome-scale data in reasonable time.

Availability

The current toolbox and reference manual is available as supplementary material, and updated versions will be maintained atwww.perkinslab.caonline.
Does genetic risk help to predict amyloid burden in a non-demented population? A Bayesian approach
Authors: Voyle Nicola , Jansen Willemijn , Keohane Aoife , Patel Hamel , Folarin Amos , Newhouse Stephen , Johnston Caroline , Lin Kuang , Visser Pieter Jelle , Hodges Angela , Dobson Richard JB , Kiddle Steven J ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   EDAR and DESCRIPA study groups
Published: August 2017

INTRODUCTION

In this study we investigate the association between Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and genetic risk in a non-demented population. This paper presents the first analysis to use a Bayesian methodology in this area.

METHODS

Data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the EDAR* and DESCRIPA** studies was used in a Bayesian logistic regression analysis. We modeled CSF Aβ burden using age, diagnosis (healthy control or mild cognitive impairment), APOE and a polygenic risk score (PGRS) associated with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). We compared models built using informative priors on age, diagnosis and APOE with non-informative priors on all variables.

RESULTS

The use of informative priors did not improve model performance in the majority of cases. Models using only age, diagnosis and APOE genotype showed the best predictive ability.

DISCUSSION

A previous study indicated that a PGRS of AD case/control status was associated with CSF Aβ burden in healthy controls. The current study suggests that this association does not lead to models that are more predictive of amyloid positivity than already known factors such as age and APOE.

*‘Beta amyloid oligomers in the early diagnosis of AD and as marker for treatment response’

**‘Development of screening guidelines and criteria for pre-dementia Alzheimers disease’
Spatially varying cis-regulatory divergence inDrosophilaembryos elucidates cis-regulatory logic
Authors: Combs Peter A. , Fraser Hunter B.
Published: August 2017

Spatial patterning of gene expression is a key process in development—responsible for the incredible diversity of animal body plans—yet how it evolves is still poorly understood. Both cis- and trans-acting changes could accumulate and participate in complex interactions, so to isolate the cis-regulatory component of patterning evolution, we measured allele-specific spatial gene expression patterns inD. melanogaster×D. simulanshybrid embryos. RNA-seq of cryosectioned slices revealed 55 genes with strong spatially varying allele-specific expression, and several hundred more with weaker but significant spatial divergence. For example, we found thathunchback (hb), a major regulator of developmental patterning, had reduced expression specifically in the anterior tip ofD. simulansembryos. Mathematical modeling ofhbcis-regulation suggested that a mutation in a Bicoid binding site was responsible, which we verified using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. In sum, even comparing morphologically near-identical species we identified a substantial amount of spatial variation in gene expression, suggesting that development is robust to many such changes, but also that natural selection may have ample raw material for evolving new body plans via cis-regulatory divergence.
Crystal structure and DFT study of (E)-N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-1-(anthracen-9-yl)methanimine
Authors: Faizi Md. Serajul Haque , Dege Necmi , Malinkin Sergey , Sliva Tetyana Yu.
Published: August 2017

The title compound, C25H20N2, (I), was synthesized from the condensation reaction of anthracene-9-carbaldehyde and tryptamine in dry ethanol. The indole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.016 Å) makes a dihedral angle of 63.56 (8)° with the anthracene ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.023 Å). There is a short intramolecular C—H...N interaction present, and a C—H...π interaction involving the two ring systems. In the crystal, the indole H atom forms an intermolecular N—H...π interaction, linking molecules to form chains along theb-axis direction. There are also C—H...π interactions present, involving the central and terminal rings of the anthracene unit, linking the chains to form an overall two-dimensional layered structure, with the layers parallel to thebcplane. The density functional theory (DFT) optimized structure, at the B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p) level, is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state.
A focused supply chain strategy for luxury fashion management
Authors: Brun Alessandro , Castelli Cecilia , Karaosman Hakan
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Globalization and advanced manufacturing capabilities changed industrial dynamics. To this end, not only were new retail concepts developed to broaden the distribution toward larger consumer bases, but alternative ways were also sought to reorganize supply networks for a balance between local and global production. Yet, the choice of supply network configurations must be coherent with a fashion companies’ critical success factors. Hence, it is pivotal to understand how such large brand portfolios and global supply networks could be effectively managed in a united way. In this vein, the purpose of this paper is to explain how the triplet of product, brand, and retail channel could affect SC performance, and how the positioning of a luxury company could depend on managerial attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

Subsequent to an extensive literature review, 30 most frequently quoted key performance indicators (KPIs) were derived. A Delphi study was then employed to reach a consensus and 17 key KPIs were derived considering the key SC performance areas and marketing dimensions. Survey technique was deployed to examine the impact of strategic combinations of product, brand, and retail channel on SC strategy. Survey results were analyzed through factor analysis where five principal components emerged to represent performance areas. ANOVA technique was then employed to explore the dependence between product-brand-retail channel and key performance areas.

Findings

Brand, retail channel, and product directly affect operational performance. The positioning of a fashion company would depend on its management attitude toward strategy segmentation and considered stage of the SC. The respondents’ profile analysis further showed a preference to segment the SC based on products. Interestingly, this finding is not aligned with earlier research (Brun and Castelli, 2008) suggesting that the brand was to become the most relevant driver for SC segmentation.

Originality/value

Academic development and empirical testing is rather rare in the luxury fashion context. Undeniably, SC strategies represent a very relevant issue for fashion companies, and the present study could be considered a first statistical step toward SC segmentation for luxury fashion companies.
The value relevance of environmental performance: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sarumpaet Susi , Nelwan Melinda Lydia , Dewi Dian Nirmala
Published: August 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to extend previous developed market-based research on the value relevance of environmental performance by testing the relationship between share prices of Indonesian-listed corporations and their environmental performance ratings.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consists of 60 listed firms which are rated by the Indonesia Ministry of Environment between 2002 and 2012, resulting in a sample of 246 observations. The Ohlson (1995) model was utilized and modified by including environmental ratings.

Findings

The research finds that superior environmental performance is associated with higher share price, whereas inferior environmental performance is value irrelevant to the market.

Research limitations/implications

Considering the significance of PROPER, this research did not observe other types of corporate environmental performance, such as those released by the press and reported in the company annual reports and websites. These limitations are not controlled for in the tests, and this might confound inferences.

Originality/value

The paper addresses a gap in the literature by providing insight on how a developing capital market values both superior and inferior environmental performance. It also provides implication on the effectiveness of environmental monitoring policy in providing incentives for firms to improve their environmental performance
Involving relatives in emergency psychiatry: an observational patient‐control study in a crisis resolution and home treatment team
Authors: van Oenen Flip Jan , Schipper Suzy , Van Rien , Visch Irene , Peen Jaap , Cornelis Jurgen , Schoevers Robert , Dekker Jack
Published: August 2017

The involvement of relatives is seen as an important element of treatment in crisis resolution and in home treatment teams. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of involving relatives in treatment during a crisis situation. The outcomes for patients from a relatives‐involved group (RIG) and relatives‐not‐involved group (RNIG) were compared. Relatives were provided with general information about the service and assessments, psycho‐education and, in some cases, additional family interventions. Relatives were involved in the treatment of 168 of 263 patients (64 per cent). There were no significant differences between the RIG and RNIG in terms of mean scores for BSI at T12. The involvement of relatives was achieved in the majority of cases. No link with outcomes was found. Since involvement of relatives was not randomized and the number and duration of contacts with relatives were limited, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Practitioner points

Using a structured motivational model, it is possible to involve relatives in the treatment of psychiatric crisis patients in the majority of cases

There is no reason to be reticent about involving relatives in treatment, even if patients seem to be reluctant at first sight

Living alone was in this study identified as a negative predictor of family involvement
External hyphae of Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198 are less sensitive to low pH than roots in arbuscular mycorrhizae: evidence from axenic culture system
Authors: Wang Ning , Feng Zengwei , Zhou Yang , Zhu Honghui , Yao Qing
Published: August 2017

The growth of plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be inhibited by low pH; however, it is largely unknown which is more sensitive to low pH. This study aimed to compare the physiological and molecular responses of external hyphae (EH) and roots to low pH in terms of growth, development and functioning. We established AM symbiosis in a two‐compartmented system (root compartment, RC; hyphal compartment, HC) using AMF and transformed hairy roots and exposed them to pH 6.5 and/or pH 4.5. The results showed that pH 4.5 significantly decreased root cell viability, while EH at pH 6.5 attenuated the effect. In either RC or HC, pH 4.5 reduced biomass, P content, colonization, ALP activity in roots, and ALP activity and polyphosphate accumulation in EH. GintPT expression in EH was inhibited by pH 4.5 in HC but not in RC. The expression of mycorrhiza‐responsive LePTs was significantly reduced by the lower colonization due to decreased pH in either RC or HC, while the expression of non‐mycorrhiza‐responsive LePTs was not affected. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that EH was less sensitive to low pH than roots. The interactions between roots and EH under low pH stress merit further investigation.
Assessing the sustainability of Waiwai subsistence hunting in Guyana by comparison of static indices and spatially explicit, biodemographic models
Authors: Shaffer C. A. , Yukuma C. , Marawanaru E. , Suse P.
Published: August 2017

While bushmeat hunting is critical to the livelihoods of millions of people throughout the tropical world, it is also a major threat to wildlife conservation. Assessing the sustainability of hunting has been a major goal in conservation biology but developing methods that accurately predict patterns of prey depletion has proven notoriously problematic. In this study, we sought to assess the sustainability of the hunting of indigenous Waiwai in Guyana by comparing results from the most commonly used static sustainability index, the production model, with results from spatially explicit biodemographic models for three indicator species; tapirsTapirus terrestris, spider monkeysAteles paniscus, and curassowsCrax alector. Our goals were to (1) assess how conclusions about sustainability differ between the two methods and (2) to determine the suitability of biodemographic modeling for nonprimate taxa. We used hunter‐self monitoring data to calculate annual harvest and to estimate parameters for biodemographic models. The production model indicated that all three species were being overharvested, withT. terrestrisharvested at six times the sustainable rate. In contrast, biodemographic models indicated that each species would persist in the Waiwai catchment area in 20 years (althoughA. paniscuswould be close to extirpation), even if the Waiwai population increased by 64% and shifted to all shotgun hunting. Predicted densities forA. paniscusandC. alectorwere statistically indistinguishable from empirically derived encounter rates and those forT. terrestriswere consistent with the locations of Waiwai kills, demonstrating the robustness of the model. While the weaknesses of static sustainability indices are well documented, they continue to be used and conclusions based on their results are still cited and influential in determining conservation policy. Our study demonstrates that biodemographic models perform far better than static indices and that the biodemographic approach is robust for a range of different prey species.
Development and Evaluation of Heartbeat: A Machine Perfusion Heart Preservation System
Authors: Li Yongnan , Zeng Qingdong , Liu Gang , Du Junzhe , Gao Bingren , Wang Wei , Zheng Zhe , Hu Shengshou , Ji Bingyang
Published: August 2017

Static cold storage is accompanied with a partial safe ischemic interval for donor hearts. In this current study, a machine perfusion system was built to provide a better preservation for the donor heart and assessment for myocardial function. Chinese mini‐swine (weight 30–35 kg, n = 16) were randomly divided into HTK, Celsior, and Heartbeat groups. All donor hearts were respectively preserved for 8 hours under static cold storage or machine perfusion. The perfusion solution is aimed to maintain its homeostasis based on monitoring the Heartbeat group. The ultrastructure of myocardium suggests better myocardial protection in the Heartbeat group compared with HTK or Celsior‐preserved hearts. The myocardial and coronary artery structural and functional integrity was evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blots in the Heartbeat. In the Heartbeat group, donor hearts maintained a high adenosine triphosphate level. Bcl‐2 and Beclin‐1 protein demonstrates high expression in the Celsior group. The Heartbeat system can be used to preserve donor hearts, and it could guarantee the myocardial and endothelial function of hearts during machine perfusion. Translating Heartbeat into clinical practice, it is such as to impact on donor heart preservation for cardiac transplantation.
The molecular mechanism underlying unconventional secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 from tumour cells
Authors: Steringer Julia P. , Nickel Walter
Published: August 2017

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent cell survival factor involved in tumour‐induced angiogenesis. FGF2 is secreted from cells through an unconventional secretory mechanism based upon direct translocation across the plasma membrane. The molecular mechanism underlying this process depends on a surprisingly small set of trans‐acting factors that are physically associated with the plasma membrane. FGF2 membrane translocation is mediated by the ability of FGF2 to oligomerise and to insert into the plasma membrane in a PI(4,5)P2‐dependent manner. Membrane‐inserted FGF2 oligomers are dynamic translocation intermediates that are disassembled at the extracellular leaflet mediated by membrane proximal heparan sulphate proteoglycans. This process results in the exposure of FGF2 on cell surfaces as part of its unconventional mechanism of secretion. Although the trans‐acting factors and cis‐elements in FGF2 required for unconventional secretion have been known for a while, the core mechanism of this mysterious process has now been reconstituted with purified components establishing the molecular basis of FGF2 secretion from tumour cells.
Discovery and pharmacological characterization of a novel series of highly selective inhibitors of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 as anticancer agents
Authors: Tadesse Solomon , Bantie Laychiluh , Tomusange Khamis , Yu Mingfeng , Islam Saiful , Bykovska Nataliya , Noll Benjamin , Zhu Ge , Li Peng , Lam Frankie , Kumarasiri Malika , Milne Robert , Wang Shudong
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose

Cyclin D‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are crucial regulators of the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle and are actively pursued as therapeutic targets in cancer. We sought to discover a novel series of orally bioavailable and highly selective small molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6.

Experimental Approach

The discovery of pharmacological inhibitors and optimization for potency, selectivity and drug properties were achieved by iterative chemical synthesis, biochemical screening against a panel of kinases, cell‐based assays measuring cellular viability, cell cycle distribution, induction of apoptosis and the level of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (Rb) phosphorylation and E2 factor (E2F)‐regulated gene expression and in vitro biopharmaceutical and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling.

Key Results

We discovered several lead compounds that displayed >1000‐fold selectivity for CDK4/6 over other members of the CDK family. The lead compounds, 82, 91 and 95, potently inhibited the growth of cancer cells by inducing G1 arrest with a concomitant reduction in the phosphorylation of Rb at S780 and in E2F‐regulated gene expression. With a remarkable selectivity for CDK4 over 369 human protein kinases, 91 was identified as a highly potent and orally bioavailable drug candidate.

Conclusions and Implications

We have identified unique and new inhibitors of CDK4/6 as potential drug candidates. Compound 91 represents an ideal candidate for further development as targeted cancer therapy.
The prevalence of diabetes‐specific emotional distress in people with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Perrin N. E. , Davies M. J. , Robertson N. , Snoek F. J. , Khunti K.
Published: August 2017

Aims

Psychological comorbidity, such as depression and/or diabetes‐specific emotional distress (diabetes distress), is widespread in people with Type 2 diabetes and is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. Although extensive research into the prevalence of depression has been conducted, the same attention has not been given to diabetes distress. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the overall prevalence of diabetes distress in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Seven databases were searched to identify potentially relevant studies; eligible studies (adult population aged > 18 years with Type 2 diabetes and an outcome measure of diabetes distress) were selected and appraised independently by two reviewers. Multiple fixed‐ and random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to synthesize the data; with primary analyses to determine the overall prevalence of diabetes distress in people with Type 2 diabetes, and secondary meta‐analyses and meta‐regression to explore the prevalence across different variables.

Results

Fifty‐five studies (n = 36 998) were included in the meta‐analysis and demonstrated an overall prevalence of 36% for diabetes distress in people with Type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of diabetes distress was significantly higher in samples with a higher prevalence of comorbid depressive symptoms and a female sample majority.

Conclusions

Diabetes distress is a prominent issue in people with Type 2 diabetes that is associated with female gender and comorbid depressive symptoms. It is important to consider the relationship between diabetes distress and depression, and the significant overlap between conditions. Further work is needed to explore psychological comorbidity in Type 2 diabetes to better understand how best to identify and appropriately treat individuals.