bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of the Natural Language Processing Tool ChatGPT in Clinical Practice: Comparative Study and Augmented Systematic Review
Authors: Schopow Nikolas , Osterhoff Georg , Baur David
Published: August 2023

Background

This research integrates a comparative analysis of the performance of human researchers and OpenAI's ChatGPT in systematic review tasks and describes an assessment of the application of natural language processing (NLP) models in clinical practice through a review of 5 studies.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability between ChatGPT and human researchers in extracting key information from clinical articles, and to investigate the practical use of NLP in clinical settings as evidenced by selected studies.

Methods

The study design comprised a systematic review of clinical articles executed independently by human researchers and ChatGPT. The level of agreement between and within raters for parameter extraction was assessed using the Fleiss and Cohen κ statistics.

Results

The comparative analysis revealed a high degree of concordance between ChatGPT and human researchers for most parameters, with less agreement for study design, clinical task, and clinical implementation. The review identified 5 significant studies that demonstrated the diverse applications of NLP in clinical settings. These studies’ findings highlight the potential of NLP to improve clinical efficiency and patient outcomes in various contexts, from enhancing allergy detection and classification to improving quality metrics in psychotherapy treatments for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the potential of NLP models, including ChatGPT, in performing systematic reviews and other clinical tasks. Despite certain limitations, NLP models present a promising avenue for enhancing health care efficiency and accuracy. Future studies must focus on broadening the range of clinical applications and exploring the ethical considerations of implementing NLP applications in health care settings.
JUSTIFIKASI EFISIENSI SEBAGAI ALASAN PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA
Authors: Santoso Budi
Published: August 2023

Termination of employment by reason of efficiency without the enterprise has to be closed down is no tregulated in Act Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower. However, based on the Act, reason ofefficiency is not one of the prohibited reasons of termination. Through the interpretation of Article 151 and 153 of the Act, the employer may terminate the employment by reason of efficiency provided thatthe redundancy, the disclosure of information, efforts to prevent termination of employment, negotiation with workers’ representatives and  based on good faith. Pemutusan hubungan kerja dengan alasan efisiensi tanpa tutupnya perusahaan tidak diatur dalam UU No. 13 Tahun 2003. Namun demikian, berdasarkan Undang-Undang tersebut, alasan efisiensi yang merupakan bentuk dari alasan ekonomi bukan merupakan salah satu alasan yang dilarang dalam pemutusan hubungan kerja. Melalui penafsiran Pasal 151 dan 153 UU No. 13 Tahun 2003, pengusaha dapat memutuskan hubungan kerja atas alasan efisiensi dengan syarat adanya kelebihan jumlah pekerja, adanya keterbukaan informasi, adanya upaya-upaya pencegahan agar pemutusan hubungan kerja tidak terjadi, dan musyawarah dengan perwakilan pekerja serta dilandasi oleh itikad baik.
HAKIKAT KEILMUAN ILMU HUKUM DITINJAU DARI SUDUT FILSAFAT ILMU DAN TEORI ILMU HUKUM
Authors: Tutik Titik Triwulan
Published: August 2023

The essence of jurisprudence can be seen from two perspectives; perspective of philosophy of science and legal theory. From philosophical point of view, the term of science has two meanings; that is as a product and as a process. As a product, science is knowledge which has been verified in certain disciplines and systemized. Legal theory sees that jurisprudence has a specific character (sui generis), which is normatif. Therefore, jurisprudence remains acceptable as a science while respecting the character of jurisprudence. Hakikat keilmuan ilmu hukum dapat ditinjau dari sudut filsafat ilmu dan teori hukum. Dari sudut filsafat, istilah ilmu (science) menyandang dua makna, yaitu sebagai produk dan sebagai proses. Sebagai produk, ilmu adalah pengetahuan yang sudah terkaji kebenarannya dalam bidang tertentu dan tersusun dalam suatu sistem. Teori hukum memandang, bahwa ilmu hukum memiliki karakter yang khas (sui generis), yaitu sifatnya yang normatif. Berdasarkan kenyataan demikian, maka Ilmu Hukum tetap diterima sebagai ilmu dengan tetap menghormati karakter ilmu hukum yang merupakan kepribadian ilmu hukum.
‘MODERN ARBITRATION LEGISLATION’: A COMPARISON BETWEEN AUSTRALIAN AND INDONESIAN LAWS
Authors: Shahrullah Rina Shahriyani
Published: August 2023

This research analyzes Law No. 30 of 1999 of Indonesia to ascertain whether this Indonesian law constitutes modern arbitration legislation in the context of international commercial arbitration. Law No. 30 of 1999 will be compared with the International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) and the International Arbitration Amendment Act 2010 (Cth) of Australia. In this research, the author finds the Model Law should be adopted by Indonesia to modernize the country’s arbitration law in order for it to more acceptable in the practices of international commersial arbitration to day. Furthermore, the adaption of the Model Law also assists to clarity the Indonesian approach to the appircation of public policy principle which can be used to resest arbitral awards in Indonesia. Penelitian ini mempelajari Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 untuk mengetahui apakah hukum di Indonesia tergolong ke dalam aturan arbitrase modern dalam arbitrase komersial internasional. Penulis membandingkan Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 dengan International Arbitration Act 1974 (Cth) dan International Arbitration Amendment Act 2010 (Cth) di Australia. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa Model Law dapat diadopsi oleh Indonesia untuk memodernisasikan hukum arbitrasenya agar dapat lebih diterima dalam praktek arbitrase niaga internasional. Diadopsinya Model Law dapat juga membantu mengklarifikasi pendekatan Indonesia terhadap aplikasi kebijakan publik yang dapat dipergunakan untuk menentang putusan arbitrase di Indonesia.
WARALABA SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Imanullah Moch. Najib
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research is to look for the justification of a new theory that uses franchise as an alternative to alleviate poverty in Indonesia, particularly absolute poverty in urban cities. Local wisdom inspires Indonesia’s juridical design for franchise laws that supports the franchise industry. This research finds that the theory that franchise can be applied as an instrument to alleviate poverty can be accepted. However, the application of the franchise industry as an instrument to alleviate poverty is ineffective because of a several factors, such as the vagueness of statutory regulations, unfavourable social culture, and the weak government supervision. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari justifikasi teori baru bahwa waralaba dapat dipergunakan sebagai salah satu instrumen untuk pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia, khususnya kemiskinan absolut yang terjadi di perkotaan. Justifikasi tersebut meliputi adanya kearifan lokal sebagai inspirasi yang diterapkan dalam waralaba dan desain yuridis peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang mendukung waralaba. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa teori yang mengatakan bahwa waralaba dapat dipergunakan sebagai salah satu instrumen untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan di Indonesia dapat diterima. Akan tetapi, penggunaan waralaba sebagai instrumen untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan belum efektif dikarenakan beberapa faktor, seperti faktor peraturan perundang-undangan yang tidak tegas, kultur masyarakat, dan lemahnya pengawasan pemerintah.
KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT TAU TAA WANA BULANG DALAM MENGKONSERVASI HUTAN DI PROPINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Sahlan Mr.
Published: August 2023

This study found that the local community of Tau Taa Wana Bulang had local wisdoms favouring the forest balance and continuance that would encourage the people to be involved actively and collectively in the process of conserving the surrounding community forest. The factor of age, income, education, experience, attitude, conception, and motivation were proven collectively to have the significant effect to the cultural participation based on local wisdom of the community of Wana (R2= 0.92). The cultural implementation was found in the amount of traditional ceremonies having influences directly and indirectly to the conservation of surrounding forests. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal Tau Taa Wana Bulang memiliki kearifan lokal yang mengedepankan prinsip keseimbangan dan keberlanjutan hutan, yang dapat mendorong warganya terlibat secara sukarela dan kolektif dalam melestarikan hutan kemasyarakatan di sekitarnya. Faktor umur, pendapatan, pendidikan, pengalaman, sikap, wawasan dan motivasi telah terbukti bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap partisipasi kultural berbasis-kearifan lokal masyarakat Wana (R2= 0.92). praktik kultural ini terwujud dalam sejumlah upacara tradisional yang secara langsung atau tidak langsung berdampak pada pelestarian hutan di sekitarnya.
ASAS KESEIMBANGAN DALAM KONSEP RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PIDANA
Authors: Gunarto Marcus Priyo
Published: August 2023

Criminal law reform by replacing the old penal code is intended to ensure that the applicable criminal law is consistent with the value of Indonesian nation. Therefore, review and re-establishment of criminal law that is based on the central Indonesian values of socio-political, socio-philosophical, and sociocultural must be conducted. In accordance with the Indonesian nation’s character who put individual and social interest in an equilibrium, a monodualistic balance must be the foundation of the concept of criminal action, criminal responsibility, and punishment. Pembaharuan hukum pidana dengan mengganti KUHP yang lama dengan KUHP yang baru dimaksudkan agar hukum pidana yang berlaku sesuai dengan sistem nilai yang dianut oleh bangsa Indonesia. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, pembaharuan hukum pidana dilakukan peninjauan dan pembentukan kembali hukum pidana yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai sentral sosio-politik, sosio-filosofik, dan nilai-nilai sosio-kultural masyarakat Indonesia. Sesuai dengan karakter bangsa Indonesia yang menempatkan kepentingan individu dan kepentingan sosial secara berimbang, maka keseimbangan monodualis mendasari pengaturan tentang perbuatan pidana, pertanggungjawaban, pidana dan pemidanaan.
Pelaksanaan Peraturan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Gunung Api Merapi
Authors: Triyana Heribertus Jaka , Wibowo Richo Andi
Published: August 2023

This paper describes the implementation of the public participation rule in the disaster management of Merapi volcano. The regulation desires for a shift of paradigm from centralized disaster management to participative disaster management. This study shows the government has not shifted from the old paradigm of centralized disaster management.  Tulisan ini menggambarkan pelaksanaan aturan partisipasi masyarakat dalam penanggulangan bencana gunung api Merapi. Peraturan menginginkan pergeseran paradigma penanggulangan bencana dari sentralistik ke penanggulangan bencana yang partisipatoris. Penelitian ini menunjukkan Pemerintah belum sepenuhnya beralih dari paradigma penanggulangan bencana sentralistis.
KONSEP HAK SESEORANG ATAS TUBUH DALAM TRANSPLANTASI ORGAN BERDASARKAN NILAI KEMANUSIAAN
Authors: Christianto Hwian
Published: August 2023

The idea of right to body autonomy grows more important as people are able to donate their organs. However, the two conceptions of rights currently applicable, i.e. ‘ownership’ and ‘possession’, are highly inappropriate to be applied to this case because human body is not a property. In this light, humanity purposes constitute stronger concept of bodyautonomy. Pemahaman akan hak atas tubuh menjadi semakin penting ketika seseorang dapat mendonorkan organ tubuhnya. Kedua konsep hak yang selama ini berlaku, yaitu konsep “ownership” dan “possession” ternyata jika diterapkan ke hak atas tubuh sangat tidak sesuai karena tubuh manusia bukanlah barang. Dalam kondisi inilah konsep hak dengan tujuan kemanusiaan memberikan dasar yang kuat tentang hak atas tubuh.
DESENTRALISASI PENGUASAAN DAN PENDAYAGUNAAN TANAH KAWASAN HUTAN DI JAWA: ANTARA HARAPAN DAN KENYATAAN
Authors: Subadi Mr.
Published: August 2023

After four decades, forest land management in Java has not served the people’s greatest benefit. Enforcement of decentralisation still faces difficulty due to the innumerable conflicting interests. Decentralisation my result to conflict of law, authority, and economic interest. Regional primordialism and euphoria of receiving significant increase of revenues may also occur.Pengelolaan tanah kawasan hutan di Jawa, selama lebih dari 4 dasawarsa belum mampu mencapai sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat. Desentralisasi masih sulit diwujudkan, karena banyaknya tarikmenarik berbagai kepentingan. Desentralisasi akan berimplikasi pada konflik perundang-undangan, konflik kewenangan, konflik ekonomi, euforia peningkatan PAD, dan primordialisme kedaerahan.
Penerapan Hukum Pidana dalam Perkara Pencemaran Nama Baik
Authors: Supriyadi Mr.
Published: August 2023

Libel is criminalised under Article 310 Penal Code and Art. 27(3) and 45(1) Act 11/2008. Supreme Court commonly hands suspended sentence for offenders found guilty of libel. Judges should consider freedom of speech and journalism, consumer and patient rights, and rights to gain information before rendering guilty verdicts. Pencemaran nama baik diatur dalam Pasal 310 KUHP serta Pasal 27(3) dan 45(1) UU 11/2008. Mahkamah Agung biasanya menjatuhkan pidana bersyarat bagi terdakwa pencemaran nama baik. Hakim harus mempertimbangkan kemerdekaan pers dan berpendapat, hak konsumen dan pasien, serta hak untuk mendapatkan informasi sebelum menjatuhkan putusan pemidanaan.
Efektivitas Pembentukan Badan Arbitrase Pasar Modal (BAPMI) dalam Menunjang Kegiatan Pasar Modal
Authors: Herliana Mrs. , Nurhayati Irna
Published: August 2023

Despite the high expectation for the Indonesian Capital Market Arbitration Board (BAPMI) to resolve financial market dispute in an efficient manner, it has settled very few disputes since its establishment. We find this low number of arbitration settlement roots from both institutional factors and capital market players. Walaupun kehadiran Badan Arbitrase Pasar Modal disebut-sebut bermanfaat bagi industri pasar modal karena mampu menyelesaikan sengketa secara efisien, ternyata belum banyak sengketa yang diselesaikan oleh BAPMI. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa minimnya jumlah sengketa yang diselesaikan melalui arbitrase di BAPMI disebabkan karena faktor institusi dan pelaku pasar modal sendiri.
Konsep Keadilan dalam Sistem Peradilan Perdata
Authors: Butarbutar Elisabeth Nurhaini
Published: August 2023

Conflict on civil matters is an absolute competency of District Court. Judiciary system includes all items in relating with a judge assignment giving justice to the justiciable through the conviction. A court judges according to law and should not make discrimination. The provision becomes a principle for civil judge to process the conflict matter which is submitted on him/her. The justice concept on the civil judiciary system is a justice which is given by a judge during the judiciary on civil conflict, to produce a conviction. In the conflict of civil matter, it known as audi et alteram partem and to each his own principle. Audi et alteram partem principle. It means that giving to that every person on conflict should be equally treated. To each his own principle, it means that every person take everything as his own. In implementation, it look both of principles is contradiction each other. Because in the law system should not have any conflict, so both of the principle should be exist in the the conflict of civil matters.
Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air di Telaga Omang dan Ngloro Kecamatan Saptosari, Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta
Authors: Sulastriyono Mr.
Published: August 2023

Lake is located in every village in Gunung Kidul regency whether big ones or little ones. This is for example Omang and Ngloro Lake in Saptosari district, which are chose as location for this research. Those Lakers are used for several activities. This research aims to describe local wisdom owned by the community on how they manage the resources. Fur­thermore, this research describes obstacle in resources management and find Solutions for it. Data collection is obtained from library. Primary data management and find are gained from field study with interview and observation non participatory methods. Both data were combined and then analyzed qualitatively. The result of this research shows that; reality of the local wisdom in Omang pond is different with the local wisdom in Ngloro pond. There are technical, structural and cultural obstacles to manage the water pond resources. Too many rubbish from pond user according to the local population growth caused the pond dirty and water seems green. The local community joint with governmental and nongovernmental institutions to solve the problems.
Sunset Policy dan Implikasinya terhadap Peningkatan Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Hasan Dahliana
Published: August 2023

Sunset policy is a policy which decreases the amount of administrative sanction in the form of interest. This policy is governed by Article 37A Act Number 28 of 2007. The target of sunset policy is the taxpayer who has good faith either to admit having insufficient payment of income tax or to have willed to register a tax file number (NPWP). However, the time of sunset policy is limited; it takes only 1 (one) year to apply the policy from 1 January to 31 December 2008. The research found that first, in tax law side sunset policy has the same legal meaning as kwijtschelding. The same legal meaning refers to the same characteristics found both in sunset policy and in kwijtschelding. Second, the internal target was not achieved until November 2008 as a result there was less contribution to the increasing amount of income tax revenue in DIY.
Mengembalikan Pelaksanaan Peninjauan Kembali Sesuai Asas Hukum
Authors: Gunarto Marcus Priyo
Published: August 2023

This study analyzes the inconsistency of the Supreme Court when trying review appeals. Once, it turned down prosecuting attorney’s appeal because Article 263 KUHAP only recognizes the defendants or their inheri­tors to file such request. However in another ruling, the Court granted the appeal ‘for the sake of public interest’.  Studi ini mencermati ketidakkonsistenan Mahkamah Agung dalam mengadili pen­injauan kembali. Dalam satu perkara, Mahkamah menolak permohonan penin­jauan kembali dari jaksa karena Pasal 263 KUHAP membatasi hanya terpidana atau ahli warisnya saja sebagai pihak yang dapat memohon peninjauan kembali. Namun dalam perkara lain, Mahkamah mengabul­kan permohonan jaksa demi ‘melindungi kepentingan umum’.
Pertanggungjawaban Dewan Pengurus Syariah sebagai Otoritas Pengawas Kepatuhan Syariah bagi Bank Syariah
Authors: Ilhami Haniah
Published: August 2023

Sharia Compliance is important in the management and operational of sharia banks, therefore a sharia supervisory board (Dewan Pengawas Syariah, DPS) is imperative to be established in every sharia-based banks. The problem is, Indonesian sharia banking laws do not clearly regulate the supervisory function of this DPS, hence this study.  Kepatuhan Syariah adalah elemen penting dalam pengelolaan dan operasional bank syariah, dengan demikian sebuah dewan yang bertugas mengawasi penerapan prinsip syariah (Dewan Pengawas Syariah, DPS) harus dibentuk di setiap bank berbasis syariah. Fokus penelitian ini adalah hukum perbankan syariah di Indonesia yang belum secara jelas mengatur fungsi pengawasan DPS.
Masalah Transportasi Kota Dilihat dengan Pendekatan Hukum, Sosial dan Budaya
Authors: Hendratno Edie Toet
Published: August 2023

The 1992 Traffic and Transportation Act perceives transportation as an important and strategic tool to improve economic development. However, problems such as traffic jam and bad infrastructure remain unsolved; with community behaviour as one of its root. Therefore, transportation problems ought to be resolved through socio-cultural approach besides physical improvement.  Undang-Undang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan 1992 memandang transportasi sebagai alat yang penting dan strategis untuk mendorong perkembangan ekonomi. Namun demikian, banyak masalah yang belum terselesaikan, seperti kemacetan dan infrastruktur yang buruk. Masalah-masalah itu berakar dari perilaku masyarakat. Dengan demikian, masalah transportasi mesti dipecahkan melalui pendekatan sosial-budaya selain perbaikan fisik.
Application of Origin Rules in Kaesong Industrial Complex, North Korea
Authors: Young Kim Na
Published: August 2023

Under the expansion of regional economic integration, a product may be assembled in more than one country, creating the problem to determine the origin of the product. This paper aims to analyze the issue to recognize products manufactured in Kaesong Industrial Complex, North Korea, as products originating from South Korea.  Sebagai akibat dari berkembangnya kesatuan-kesatuan ekonomi regional, suatu produk dapat diproduksi di lebih dari satu negara. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah dalam menentukan asal negara produk tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari isu untuk menetapkan produk-produk dari Kompleks Industri Kaesong, Korea Utara, sebagai produk yang berasal dari Korea Selatan.
PELAKSANAAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN PERDATA ORANG YANG TIDAK CAKAP HUKUM DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Windajani Imma Indra Dewi
Published: August 2023

In principle every legal subject has legal competence, although not all legal subjects have capacity to act. Capacity to act is ability to do legal acts which have perfect legal conse­quences. In the districts of Sleman Regency there also persons who are categorized as unable to do legal acts, because they are not adult persons or having such conditions that they are unable to do legal acts which have perfect legal consequences by themselves. This research was focused on the implementation of civil rights and obligations of those who are legally unable in the district of Sleman Regency. The research result indicated that persons who are unable to do legal acts in the dis­trict of Sleman Regency carried out their rights and obligations dealing with administrative and economic problems through their guardians, although these guardians were not always appointed by the court decision but were only based on factors of blood relationship, psycho­logical and sociological propinquities between those unable persons and their candidates of guardians.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB BELUM TERBENTUKNYA SERIKAT PEKERJA UNIT KERJA PERUSAHAAN DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Hernawan Ari
Published: August 2023

This research shows that several factors have caused the unavailability of worker union. The factors include the government, the companies, the laws and the workers. The government does not actively socialize and supervise worker unions. Moreover, employers prefer an unofficial worker union rather than the official one. The Indonesian Industrial Relationship Law and Worker Union Law regard worker union as a right rather than an obligation. However, the workers do not fully aware of the benefit of the union. Rather, the workers consider the requirement of providing article of association and financial autonomy as burdens in establishing the union. The condition is getting worse with the fact that the workers do not have opportunity to establish the worker union.
HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN ABDI DALEM DALAM PEMERINTAHAN KRATON YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sudaryanto Agus
Published: August 2023

The result of this research indicates that the rights and obligations of abdi dalem in Kraton Yogyakarta have varieties, it depends on their status and function in the government of Kraton Yogyakarta. Some consideration or motivation to be abdi dalem kraton which are taking part in feeling kraton owned, maintaining of kraton culture, alive to be more meaningful, continuing of tradition from generation to the other, a tool of maintaining to magersari right or obtain the sultan’s blessing.
Several Methods on the Limit Problem of Integration
Authors: Liu Jia , Shi Saisai , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2023

If the expression of a limit contains definite integral, we call this kind of limit as the limit of integration. This paper takes the graduate entrance exams of some famous universities in China as examples, and gives several methods to solve the limit problem of integration by comprehensively utilizing the characteristics and operational properties of integral.
Judicial Determination of Confidentiality in Trade Secrets
Authors: Li Hong , Ma Mingze
Published: August 2023

Trade secrets as one of the core competitiveness of enterprises, related to the survival of enterprises. In the commercial competition, trade secrets is undoubtedly the right person’s wealth code, how the right person to take effective measures to protect trade secrets from being stolen is a matter of concern. In recent years, the practice of trade secret disputes have increased year by year, in the protection of trade secrets dispute cases, the right and the defendant on the identification of trade secrets, especially on the identification of confidentiality has always been the focus of controversy. Even though more and more enterprises on trade secret protection awareness is increasing. But from the many relevant judicial cases, can be seen: trade secrets in practice for trade secrets protection measures still have great loopholes, specifically manifested as: the right to protect the meaning of trade secrets is not clear, the protection of the object is not specific, the duty of confidentiality can not be confidential subject to know or limitations; confidentiality measures and the value of trade secrets are not adaptive; confidentiality measures can not be recognized and so on. This paper combines the recent judicial practice cases, to explore in practice to achieve the “corresponding confidentiality measures” of the core conditions, and in this way for the enterprise to establish trade secret protection system to provide reference.
Atividades Experimentais no ensino da Matemática mediadas pela prática docente e nas perspectivas vygotskiana, piagetiana e ausubeliana
Authors: Janisch Adriane Beatriz Liscano , Jelinek Karin Ritter
Published: August 2023

Destacando a importância do uso da linguagem e organização do pensamento para uma aprendizagem com significado na experimentação matemática da Educação Básica, as Teorias de Aprendizagem constituem-se em um exímio orientador metodológico no ensino e aprendizado de Matemática. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo sobre Teorias de Aprendizagem, com um olhar voltado para atividades experimentais em Matemática com base em Vygotsky, Piaget e Ausubel, e analisar como tais processos de construção do conhecimento podem ser aplicadas ao ensino de Matemática aliados a prática docente, promovendo uma investigação reflexiva sobre conhecimentos cognitivos, experimentação matemática, habilidades e desenvolvimento humano e aprendizagem significativa. Assim sendo, a metodologia utilizada estruturou-se por meio de levantamentos bibliográficos e exploratórios, construindo uma análise teórica sobre experimentação no ensino de Matemática. Elencando esses recursos a uma contextualização com a educação matemática contemporânea, verificou-se que situações investigativas e exploratórias da aprendizagem, seguidas do papel da linguagem e organização do pensamento e interação social ao viés dos significados e sentidos na experimentação podem contribuir para um aprendizado mais efetivo e uma compreensão mais significativa da matemática.
Government policy, law, and regulation: A perspective on early childhood development in Asia
Authors: Muangwichian Chanatnan , Congkrarian Ekaphot
Published: August 2023

Early childhood is essential for cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund [UNICEF], 2022). This study aims to explain government policy, law, and regulation, as well as social community participation, for early childhood development in Asia. The qualitative approach was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 key informants, employing purposive sampling. Content analysis was performed on the data. The findings revealed that governments have put policies in place to help families with children and to increase access to childcare services. Childcare policies differ by country and are influenced by cultural, economic, and political factors. The government policies law and rules in China, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand aid families with children and provide access to childcare services. However, the level of government support, the availability of childcare facilities, and the extent to which employers are encouraged to provide support for working parents vary. Furthermore, social community participation in childcare services is important and can take various forms, including volunteer work, advocacy, financial support, use of services, and community engagement. By participating in these ways, communities can help to ensure that all children have access to the high-quality care that they need to thrive.
The PIG-A gene mutation assay in human biomonitoring and disease
Authors: Lawrence Rachel , Munn Kathryn , Naser Hamsa , Thomas Laura , Haboubi Hasan , Williams Lisa , Doak Shareen , Jenkins Gareth
Published: August 2023

The blood cell phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIG-A) gene
mutation assay has been extensively researched in rodents for in
vivo mutagenicity testing and is now being investigated in humans. The
PIG-A gene is involved in glycosyl phosphatidylinositol
(GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. A single mutation in this X-linked gene leads
to loss of membrane bound GPI-anchors, which can be enumerated using
flow cytometry. With many studies published to date measuring this
mutation in erythrocytes, there is remarkable consistency across
research groups. Moreover, with the low background level of mutant
erythrocytes in healthy subjects (2.9 - 5.56 x 10-6 mutants), induction
of mutation post genotoxic exposure can be detected. Cigarette smoking,
radiotherapy and occupational exposures including lead, have been shown
to increase mutant levels. Identification of harmful agents can allow us
to recommend new exposure limits, minimising individual risk.
Conversely, protective agents such as aspirin and healthy diets could
mitigate these effects, reducing baseline somatic mutation levels and
such behaviours can be encouraged. This mutational monitoring approach
may also provide information on individuals at higher risk of cancer
development. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, oesophageal
adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer have elevated numbers of
PIG-A mutant erythrocytes compared to age-matched controls. With
further technological progress including protocol standardisation and
the development of cryopreservation methods to improve GPI-anchor
stability, this assay can be widely employed in rural and low-income
countries. Here we review the current literature on PIG-A
mutation in human subjects and discuss the potential role of this assay
in human biomonitoring and disease.
Cellular cryobiology - a review of basic concepts and "operating-design" of cryopreserved cells
Authors: Balint Bela , Pavlovic Mirjana , Abazovic Dzihan , Toroman Sanja , Grubovic-Rastvorceva Radica , Dinic Marija , Todorovic-Balint Milena
Published: August 2023

nema
Thymic hyperplasia as a rare etiology of pure red cell aplasia: A case report
Authors: Arsenovic Isidora , Lekovic Danijela , Sefer Dijana , Pavlovic Miroslav , Ivanovic Jelena , Smiljanic Mihailo , Bogdanovic Andrija
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Thymic hyperplasia is a rare condition caused by an increase in cellular thymic mass and, in some cases, is associated with autoimmune diseases, such as pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Thymectomy is considered the most effective therapy for PRCA associated with thymoma, with a 31.5% complete remission rate. Other treatments may induce partial remissions, but complete remission re-mains elusive. A case of PRCA attributed to thymic hyperplasia is presented, highlighting the effectiveness of thymectomy. Case report. A previously healthy 18-year-old woman presented with severe anemia and after hematological evaluation, including bone marrow biopsy confirmation, a diagnosis of PRCA was made. Immunological and virological analyses were unremarkable. Given the history of thymoma in the family and the known association between thymoma and PRCA, a chest magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which proved the existence of thymic hyperplasia. The patient underwent the least invasive surgical procedure ? total thymectomy using video-assisted thoracic surgery approach. Pathohistological examination of the operative material confirmed the presence of thymic hyperplasia with a simple intrathymic cyst. Following thymectomy, the patient?s hematological values significantly improved. Conclusion. The course and outcome of the patient?s treatment support the role of thymectomy in PRCA associated with thymic hyperplasia. However, further re-search and follow-up are needed to optimize management strategies for this rare condition.
Do Shareholders Care about “Surprise” Internal Control Weakness Disclosures?
Authors: Belina Hambisa , Raghunandan K. , Rama Dasaratha V.
Published: August 2023

Prior research shows that many of the companies that disclose material weaknesses in internal control (MWs) do not disclose such weaknesses in earlier quarterly 10-Q filings for the same year—i.e., the year-end MW disclosures are “surprise” disclosures. We find that shareholders at accelerated filers with surprise MW disclosures are more likely to vote against auditor ratification (by a factor of about 1.4 times) than at companies with “no-surprise” MW disclosures. These findings suggest that shareholders may at least partly blame auditors and hold them responsible for the surprise MW disclosures. Internal control disclosures necessarily involve professional judgment, but the results indicate that for shareholders, earlier disclosure of such problems is preferable to waiting until the year-end (and perhaps hoping that the problems will be resolved).
Tax Boycotts
Authors: Asay H. Scott , Hoopes Jeffrey L. , Thornock Jacob R. , Wilde Jaron H.
Published: August 2023

To what extent do U.S. consumers change their purchase behavior or, in the extreme, boycott companies based on negative information about corporate tax activities? Practitioner publications and academic research identify consumers as a key corporate tax stakeholder. But we have limited empirical evidence whether information about corporate tax activities influences consumer actions. We undertake a comprehensive study of this question, triangulating across several settings. First, a representative sample of consumers suggests they rarely boycott in response to corporate tax activities. Next, an analysis of granular retail scanner data fails to provide compelling evidence of consumer purchase responses to negative tax news. An analysis of individual foot traffic at retail establishments around negative tax news again fails to suggest U.S. consumers change their shopping activities in response to negative tax news. The combined evidence suggests consumers do not meaningfully alter their purchase behavior in response to negative tax news.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48; H25; H26.
Establishment of Pancreatic β-Cell–Specific Gene Knockout System Based on CRISPR-Cas9 Technology With AAV8-Mediated gRNA Delivery
Authors: Ueki Kyosei , Nishida Yuya , Aoyama Shuhei , Uzawa Hirotsugu , Kanai Akiko , Ito Minami , Ikeda Koki , Iida Hitoshi , Miyatsuka Takeshi , Watada Hirotaka
Published: August 2023

The Cre-loxP system provides valuable resources to analyze the importance of tissue-specific gene knockout (KO), including pancreatic β-cells associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes. However, it is expensive and time consuming to generate transgenic mice harboring floxed genes of interest and cross them with cell-specific Cre expression mice. We establish a βCas9 system with mice expressing Cas9 in pancreatic β-cells and adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8)–mediated guide RNA (gRNA) delivery based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology to overcome those shortcomings. Interbreeding CAG-loxP-STOP-loxP (LSL)-Cas9 with Ins1-Cre mice generates normal glucose-tolerant βCas9 mice expressing Cas9 with fluorescent reporter EGFP specifically in β-cells. We also show significant β-cell–specific gene KO efficiency with AAV8-mediated delivery of gRNA for EGFP reporter by intraperitoneal injection in the mice. As a proof of concept, we administered AAV8 to βCas9 mice for expressing gRNA for Pdx1, a culprit gene of maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4. As reported previously, we demonstrate that those mice show glucose intolerance with transdifferentiation of Pdx1 KO β-cells into glucagon-expressing cells. We successfully generated a convenient β-cell–specific gene KO system with βCas9 mice and AAV8-mediated gRNA delivery.

Article Highlights
Diabetic Nephropathy: Update on Pillars of Therapy Slowing Progression
Authors: Naaman Sandra C. , Bakris George L.
Published: August 2023

Management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has evolved in parallel with our growing understanding of the multiple interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms that involve hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. These pathways and others play a vital role in the initiation and progression of DKD. Since its initial discovery, the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system has remained a cornerstone of DKD management, leaving a large component of residual risk to be dealt with. The advent of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors followed by nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and, to some extent, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) has ushered in a resounding paradigm shift that supports a pillared approach in maximizing treatment to reduce outcomes. This pillared approach is like that derived from the approach to heart failure treatment. The approach mandates that all agents that have been shown in clinical trials to reduce cardiovascular outcomes and/or mortality to a greater extent than a single drug class alone should be used in combination. In this way, each drug class focuses on a specific aspect of the disease's pathophysiology. Thus, in heart failure, β-blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, and a diuretic are used together. In this article, we review the evolution of the pillar concept of therapy as it applies to DKD and discuss how it should be used based on the outcome evidence. We also discuss the exciting possibility that GLP-1 RAs may be an additional pillar in the quest to further slow kidney disease progression in diabetes.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Value of Oesophageal Biopsies for Direct Immunofluorescence Microscopy in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Authors: Yilmaz Kaan , Dikmen Onur , Van Beek Nina , Marquardt Jens U. , Kirstein Martha M. , Zillikens Detlef , Schmidt Enno
Published: August 2023

Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by predominant involvement of surface-close epithelia and linear depositions of immunoreactants at the dermal-epithelial junction on direct immunofluorescence microscopy. A major diagnostic difficulty is the frequent need for multiple biopsies to facilitate the diagnosis. Although oesophageal involvement is a rare, but life-threatening manifestation, the relevance of oesophageal direct immunofluorescence sampling is unclear. This retrospective monocentric study evaluated 67 non-lesional biopsies from 11 patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid and clinical symptoms suggestive of oesophageal involvement, comprising 31 samples from the oesophagus and 36 samples from other anatomical sites. Five patients (45.5%) exhibited endoscopic findings compatible with oesophageal involvement of mucous membrane pemphigoid. No correlation was identified between the presence of oesophageal lesions and direct immunofluorescence positivity in lesions from the oesophagus (p = 1.0). Oral and cutaneous samples were significantly more frequently positive by direct immunofluorescence than were oesophageal biopsies (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0195, respectively). Oesophageal samples yielded significantly less IgG reactivity than oral and cutaneous lesions (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0126, respectively), and less IgA antibody response than oral lesions (p = 0.0036). In conclusion, oesophageal direct immunofluorescence samples were inferior to oral and cutaneous biopsies for the diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid even when oesophageal lesions compatible with mucous membrane pemphigoid were present at the time of biopsy.
THE PREPARATION METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF THE STRUCTURES OF THE ANTERIOR REGION OF THE ELBOW AND ANTERIOR REGION OF THE FOREARM IN HUMAN FETUSES
Authors: Koval Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

It is known that the area of the forearm provides a wide range of motion. This becomes possible due to the unique features of the structure and functional interaction of all structures of the forearm. The study of the anatomical variability of the bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves, and vessels of the anterior region of the elbow and anterior region of the forearm in people of diﬀ erent age groups will allow us to expand the range of diagnostic and treatment procedures.Taking into account the theoretical and important applied value of the data on fetal topography and anatomical variability of the constituent formations of the anterior region of the elbow and anterior region of the forearm, we have proposed a method of anatomical preparation of the fascial- muscular and vascular- nerve structures of these areas.The purpose of the study was to determine the methodology of the sequence of actions during the anatomical preparation of fascial- muscular and vascular- nervous formations of the anterior region of the elbow and anterior region of the forearm in human fetuses.The study of fetal anatomy of the structures of the anterior region of the elbow and anterior region of the forearm was carried out on preparations of the upper limbs of 42 human fetuses of 4-10 months using macromicroscopic dissection, injection of vessels, and morphometry.In the case of macromicroscopic dissection of fetuses of diﬀ erent ages, anatomical variability of the muscles of the anterior group of the forearm and vascular- nerve formations of the anterior region of the forearm and anterior region of the elbow of a person was established.The obtained data on the fetal topography and variant anatomy of the component formations of the anterior region of the forearm and anterior region of the elbow can be used not only for scientiﬁ c research but also as guidelines for diagnosticians and fetal surgeons.
METHODS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC AND MORPHOMETRIC RESEARCH WITH THE PURPOSE OF MODELING THE BODY PARAMETERS OF ATHLETES DEPENDING FROM THE SPORT TYPE
Authors: Karatieieva Svitlana , Slobodian Oleksandr , Rogozin Oleg
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted on 148 students of higher education institutions and football players of Bukovyna (the primary research done out during September- October 2021, and a repeat of the same respondents in September- October 2022). The main group consisted the 108 (73 %) students of the I-II years of the Faculty of Physical Culture and Human Health of the Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsi National University and professional football players of the «University» team of Chernivtsi; the control group consisted the 40 (27 %) students of the I-II years of the college and dental faculties of the Bukovyna State Medical University. The age of the subjects was from 16 to 18 years. The students of the main group, in addition to the physical load included of the program of their specialty, additionally engaged in the following sports: football – 46 (50.00 %) students, of which 38 (41.30 %) were young men and 8 (8.70 %) young girls; volleyball – 19 (20.65 %), 10 (10.86 %) young boys and 9 (9.78 %) young girls; handball – 14 (22.58 %), 8 (8.69 %) young boys and 6 (6.52 %) young girls; basketball – 13 (14.13 %), 9 (9.78 %) of them are young boys and 4 (4.34 %) are young girls. Professional football players (young boys) systematically trained and participated in championships of Ukraine among higher educational institutions, under the leadership of the team coach.The anthropometric examination included determination of total (body length and weight) parameters and partial (length of upper and lower limbs, thigh length, circumference of the chest during inhalation, exhalation and at rest, circumference of the pelvis, circumference of the thigh proximally, in the middle and distally).The morphometric study included the ultrasound diagnostics of the quadriceps femoris muscle (musculus quadriceps femoris) using the Voluson TM E 10 device (Austria) on the basis of the Basismed medical center in Chernivtsi. The length, width and depth (proximal, middle, distal) of all four muscle heads (m. rectus femoris, m. vastus medialis, m. vastus lateralis, m. vastus intermedius) were determined. The Kraskel- Wallis test was used to compare anthropometric parameters in the main group depending on the sport type. To establish for which pairs of age groups there is a statistical diﬀ erence in the medians, the Conover- Iman test was used. A paired t-test (paired- samples t-test) was performed to compare the respondents’ indicators during the ﬁ rst measurement and the second one a year later. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the licensed program RStudio.In order to select promising students for game (team) sports such as football, volleyball, handball and basketball, mathematical models were developed for predicting the parameters of athletes (length of upper limb, lower limb, hip length, hip circumference in the middle, hip circumference proximally, hip circumference distally).