bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic redistribution and water movement mechanisms in grapevines
Authors: SHCHERBATYUK Nataliya
Published: April 2024

Context and purpose of the study – Plants have been shown to redistribute water between root sections and soil layers along a gradient of decreasing water availability. One benefit of this hydraulic redistribution is that water can be transported from roots in wet soil to others in dry soil, delaying the onset of water stress and increasing root longevity in dry environments. Grapevines are thought to redistribute water laterally across the trunk from wet to dry portions of the root system. However, it is unknown whether the phloem contributes to such water redistribution. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine the pathways of water transport through the vine form wet soil areas to the dry areas; (2) to determine the potential phloem contribution to this water movement.
Factors Influencing Learners’ Participation in EFL Classroom
Authors: Sarwar Samiullah , Nisa Dr. Aziz un
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to develop a model to assist in improving class participation of EFL learners. With the assistance of teachers’ training sessions (TTS) pertaining to the hypothesized factors affecting the EFL learners’ class participation, the study aimed to measure the learners’ class participation before TTSs and after TTSs. The learners’ class participation was measured via the adopted unpublished scale. The findings of the study concerning to the impact of hypothesized factors affecting the EFL learners’ class participation reveal that the increased motivation and positive attitude of students lead them to increase their increased class participation. Similarly, their increased discomfort leads them to the decreased class participation. The results also suggest that anxious and shy students are more likely to participate in the EFL classrooms. The findings of the post TTSs are yet to incorporate if trained teachers can overcome such factors to make sure the increased class participation of EFL learners.
Model of Legal Protection in E-commerce Transactions to Improve the Community Economy in Indonesia
Authors: Susanti Sari Rini , Ferdiles Luky , Muhammad Rusdi Andi
Published: April 2024

Increasingly rapid technological advances, today's transactions can purchase goods easily from their own homes through e-commerce electronic commerce. The aim of this research is to provide protection to the community if they experience problems and to help consumers in cases where there is a loss in e-commerce transactions in order to support the government in improving the economy of the community in Indonesia. Based on Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection which applies to e-commerce transactions carried out via the internet as a platform for upholding consumer protection, this research uses a normative juridical approach by examining literature and written law to connect consumer legal protection models with real world situations. Goods transactions occur online, public spaces that are vulnerable to legal problems prevent business actors from committing fraud in electronic transactions because of the many platforms available. Consumer protection laws will also protect consumers and prevent mistakes in doing business.
Application of Eco-Democracy to Environmental Legal Protection Post-Mining Reclamation in Indonesia
Authors: Zulfatah Zulfatah , Hidayati Hidayati , Nur Hidayah Andi
Published: April 2024

Mining in Indonesia still leaves many excavation holes that have not been reclaimed, at least 8 million hectares of post-mining land after the use of coal mining land in East Kalimantan Province. As a result, from 2011 to 2018, 32 people died, most of them children, while 140 people died in all regions in Indonesia due to drowning in ex-mining holes. The aim of this research is to provide legal protection for land through the application of the Eco-Democracy concept due to violations by fraudulent entrepreneurs. The method used is the approach of statutory opposition and conceptual opposition of regulations relating to legal issues resolved through a statutory approach. The results of the research explain that reviewing all laws written in Government Regulation Number 78 of 2010 concerning Reclamation and Post-Mining and Number 4 of 2009 in the Republic of Indonesia Law concerning Mineral and Coal Mining requires companies to restore land through reclamation after the mining process is complete. Prepare collateral in the form of money given by businesses committed to restoring and improving the land environment. The government authority will supervise the reclamation during its implementation so that mining entrepreneurs will comply and not abandon the ex-mining land.
Effects of mattress firmness and usage duration on low back pain: a hospital-based study from Lahore
Authors: Mobeen Alveena , Muhammad Kazim Hafiz , Ijaz Nimra
Published: April 2024

Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent global health issue that causes significant discomfort and disability. Previous research highlights the crucial role of mattress quality, particularly firmness and usage duration, in LBP management. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic and mattress usage characteristics, assessing LBP severity, comparing pain across different mattress firmness levels, and analyzing the correlation between mattress usage duration and LBP severity. This exploratory study was conducted at Hussain Memorial Hospital, Lahore, over two months in 2023. Using the purposive sampling method, this study recruited 130 male and female patients, aged 18 to 60 years, diagnosed with mechanical back pain through a positive Kemp test and who have been using the same mattress for over a year. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that incorporated the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Modified Oswestry Disability Index (MODI). Analysis was performed using SPSS 25.00, with significance set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Most of the patients reported moderate disability (78.46%) and preferred medium mattress firmness (29.23%), with an average mattress usage of 7.18 ± 3.49 years. Kruskal‒Wallis tests revealed significant differences in LBP severity across mattress firmness levels (p < 0.001), with medium firmness associated with less pain. A positive correlation was found between mattress use duration and LBP severity, with r = 0.250 (p = 0.004). This study established a link between mattress firmness and LBP severity, with medium firmness potentially offering optimal relief. Additionally, a correlation exists between extended mattress usage and heightened LBP symptoms, suggesting that the age of a mattress may aggravate LBP. These insights highlight the importance of selecting a mattress by carefully considering both its firmness and usage duration as key factors in effective LBP management.
Experiencing a Garden
Authors: Fenner David ,   International Association for Environmental Philosophy
Published: April 2024

This paper identifies and discusses eight perspectives one can take toward preparing to experience a garden, experiencing it, and then reflecting on that experience. The paper does not argue that one is better than another but rather explores the options, encouraging the garden visitor to adopt a plurality as means to enhance their appreciation of gardens.
Penggunaan Media Benda Konkret dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Belajar Siswa Kelas IV pada Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Diva Fadelina Wizola
Published: April 2024

The low understanding of students in understanding the material of changes in the form of objects in fourth-grade students at SDN 55/I Sridadi is the main problem of this research. This study aims to improve the understanding of fourth-grade students using concrete objects in teaching Science (IPA) material on changes in the form of objects at SDN 55/I Sridadi. The subjects of this study are fourth-grade students at SDN 55/I Sridadi. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and tests. This study uses quantitative research with an associative research type. After conducting research and data processing, the findings obtained are: Through evaluation questions at the end of each cycle of learning, it can determine students' learning outcomes. The initial values of pre-action students are still far below the determined KKM, which is 75. In action cycle 1, the average value is 70.53, which is still below the KKM, and action cycle 2 shows an average value of 89.87. Thus, learning using concrete objects can improve students' understanding of learning.
Inovasi Budaya Organisasi Publik untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia
Authors: Kardina Mutia , Frinaldi Aldri
Published: April 2024

Public organizational cultural innovation is one of the efforts to improve public service performance in Indonesia. This research aims to examine the concept, practices, supporting factors, and challenges in implementing public organizational cultural innovation. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various relevant sources of literature. The results show that the application of values of integrity, professionalism, teamwork, and customer-oriented approach can improve the indices of public satisfaction, efficiency, and effectiveness of public services. The factors supporting the success of public organizational cultural innovation include leadership commitment, employee engagement, effective communication, and appropriate reward systems. However, the implementation of public organizational cultural innovation also faces challenges such as resistance to change, resource limitations, and bureaucratic complexity. A comprehensive strategy and support from various parties are needed to optimize public organizational cultural innovation in enhancing public service performance in Indonesia.
El control de constitucionalidad en la región andina. Propuestas de optimización
Authors: Gaibor Gallardo Gonzalo Miguel
Published: April 2024

El presente libro analiza la evolución del control constitucional en la Región andina a la luz de los modelos de control difuso norteamericano y de control concentrado europeo. La evolución de los tipos de control constitucional se abordó a partir de los métodos clásicos y modernos. En los capítulos finales del libro se plasman una serie de propuestas tendentes a optimizar el control constitucional en la región andina. Sin duda, este es un tema aún en desarrollo y que merece especial atención en el contexto suramericano actual, dada su relevancia y potencial impacto.
Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Konusunda Yazılan Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özkan Merve , Adana Filiz , Yeşilfidan Duygu
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda yazılan yüksek lisans, doktora, tıpta uzmanlık ve diş hekimliği uzmanlık alanlarında yürütülen tezler yazım yılı, türleri, alanları ve araştırma tiplerine göre incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman/metin analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda ulaşılan toplam 247 tezin 41 tanesi 2019 yılında, 125 tanesi yüksek lisans türünde, 60 tanesi aile hekimliği alanında ve 199 tanesi tanımlayıcı araştırma tipinde yazılmıştır. Hemşirelik tezleri (n=48) en çok Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalında (n=20), yüksek lisans düzeyinde (n=43) ve en çok 2019 (n=12) ve 2022 (n=10) yıllarında yazılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda konu belirleme, literatür inceleme ve benzeri çalışmalarında araştırmacılara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Impact of Levels of Perceived Stress Among Senior Nursing Undergraduates in Clinical Practice on Mobile Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bilik Özlem , Kankaya Eda Ayten , Özer Özlü Nazife Gamze
Published: April 2024

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between levels of perceived stress by senior nursing undergraduates during clinical training and the extent of mobile addiction. The study was carried out at the nursing faculty, aligning with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration and STROBE writing standards. Ninety-eight senior nursing undergraduate students participated in the research. Data collection involved the use of a "Descriptive Characteristics Information Form," the "Perceived Stress Scale for Nursing Students," and the "Mobile Addiction Scale." SPSS 24.0 was used to analyse the data. Among the participants, 62.9% (n=61) were female, with a mean age of 22.41±2.58 years. While 83% (n=83) expressed satisfaction with their department, 52.6% (n=51) reported frequent mobile device use, primarily for social media. On average, students spent 4.56±2.12 hours daily on mobile devices. The mean score for perceived stress was 66.51±22.32, and for mobile addiction, it was 67.72±20.34. The perceived stress level accounted for 12% of the variance in mobile addiction. The study revealed a significant impact of stress experienced during clinical practice on mobile addiction among senior nursing undergraduates. It reveals the significance of providing stress management training to improve students' coping mechanisms and increase their awareness of mobile addiction.
Determining the Relationships Between Job Satisfaction, Motivation, and Demographic Factors: A Research on 5-Star Chain Hotels
Authors: Akbudak Nurhak
Published: April 2024

The study aims to explore the correlation between employee motivation and job satisfaction within the context of the hotel industry. Additionally, it delves into the interplay between demographic factors and motivation/job satisfaction. Utilizing a survey technique, data was collected from 190 employees of a 5-star hotel chain in Turkey in 2013, and ethical approval was not required. Key findings reveal a statistically significant difference in intrinsic satisfaction based on gender. However, no age-related differences were observed in intrinsic, extrinsic, or overall satisfaction. In terms of education, individuals with middle school education exhibited the highest intrinsic satisfaction, while those with primary school education had the lowest. Notably, individuals with tourism-related education reported higher job satisfaction than their counterparts without such education. Furthermore, the study uncovered that married individuals displayed a higher economic motivation average than single individuals. A positive and significant relationship was identified between psychosocial motivation and intrinsic, extrinsic, and overall satisfaction.
Legea gravitației universale a lui Newton
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: April 2024

Nimeni nu ştie sigur dacă amintirea lui Newton despre măr a fost corectă, dar perspectiva lui aceasta este. Filosofii au crezut încă de la greci că mişcarea “naturală” a stelelor, planetelor, Soarelui şi Lunei este circulară. Kepler a stabilit că orbitele sunt de fapt eliptice, dar a crezut că mişcările planetelor este dictată de către o “forţă divină” emanată de la Soare, iar Newton şi-a dat seama că aceeaşi forţă care face ca o piatră aruncată să cadă înapoi pe Pământ, ţine şi planetele pe orbita Soarelui, şi Luna pe orbita Pământului. În 1687, Isaac Newton a publicat Principia, în care face ipoteza legii pătratelor inverse a gravitației universale. Aplicarea legii gravitației lui Newton a permis obținerea multor informații detaliate pe care le avem despre planetele din Sistemul Solar, masa Soarelui și detalii despre quasari; chiar și existența unei materii întunecate se deduce din legea gravitației lui Newton. Deși nu am călătorit pe toate planetele și nici pe Soare, cunoaștem masele lor. Aceste mase se obțin prin aplicarea legilor gravitației la caracteristicile măsurate ale orbitei. În spațiu un obiect își menține orbita datorită forței gravitaționale care acționează asupra ei. Planeta orbitează stelele, stelele orbitează în centre galactice, galaxiile orbitează un centru de masă în grupuri și clusterele orbitează în superclustere.
Communication Strategies For Sexual Violence Prevention and Handling In Higher Education on The Youtube Account of The Ministry of Education and Culture of The Republic Of Indonesia
Authors: Salpiati Emi
Published: April 2024

The research aims to determine communication strategies the Ministry of Education and Culture and Technology uses to prevent and handle sexual violence in universities on the YouTube channel Cerdas Berkarakter Kemdikbud RI. Using descriptive qualitative methods, the focus of research is to find communication strategies used based on elements of communicator, message, media, audience, and effect or result. The primary communicator is the Minister of Education and Culture, the highest leader. The target audience can be university leaders, lecturers, students, community leaders, religious leaders, mass media, and the general public. The effect is that there is controversy among netizens, as shown in comments that support and reject the policy. Another finding is that there was a selection of participation strategies in testimonial videos as support from representatives of various community groups showing the experience of participation as an equal in the process of different knowledge and skills.
Evaluasi Risk Register dalam Pelaksanaan Kontrak dengan Mitra Business Partnership
Authors: Sriasih Meliala Devi
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi risk register terkait program kemitraan (business partnership) di PT. X. PT. X merupakan Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama (KKKS) wilayah migas yang berkontrak dengan Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi (SKKMIGAS). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, telaah dokumen perusahaan dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konseptual manajemen risiko dari International Standard ISO 31000:2018. Berdasarkan penelitian ini fungsi partnership PT.X belum mengidentifikasi risiko terkait komitmen pasti, working advance dan pencadangan dana abandonment and site restoration (ASR). Risiko yang sudah diidentifikasi oleh fungsi partnership yaitu risiko kendala keamanan, risiko penurunan produksi sumur dan pencapaian target produksi sumur serta risiko gangguan transportasi ke fasilitas loading. Usulan perbaikan yang diajukan berupa usulan penambahan risiko baru pada risk register yaitu risiko pelaksanaan komitmen pasti, risiko pencadangan dana working advance, dan risiko pencadangan dana abandonment and site restoration (ASR).
UN REPREZENTANT MAI PUŢIN CUNOSCUT AL ELITEI CLERICALE DIN TRANSILVANIA. PREOTUL POMPILIU PISO (1886–1944) ÎNTRE ALTAR, POLITICĂ ŞI LUMEA AFACERILOR
Authors:   la Colegiul Tehnic Turda, Neagu Răzvan Mihai
Published: April 2024

The personality of the Orthodox priest Pompiliu Piso (1886–1944) is less known in specialized literature. A native from Hunedoara county, he began his ecclesiastical career in the village of Cărpiniș near Abrud. As the parish priest of this village, he participated as a delegate with credentials at the Great Union from December 1st, 1918. In the interwar period, Pompiliu Piso became protopope of Zarand. In parallel, he also got involved in political life, oscillating between the People’s Party and the National Liberal Party. The distinguished cleric was a member of the Romanian Parliament, both as a deputy and as a senator. The most important dignity he held was that of vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies. He retired from the office of protopope for an economic career, within the “Mica” Society specialized in gold mining.
PROPAGANDA ȘI RECONVERSIA CONȘTIINȚELOR. AGITATORUL COMUNIST. STUDIU DE CAZ: „CARNETUL AGITATORULUI” (I)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Hațegan Corina
Published: April 2024

In both public and private life, aggressive exposure to communist ideology through acts of culture, false or misleading information generates an alternative reality. Therefore, one of the first purposes of the political agitation was to shape the public’s perception regarding global and domestic issues. Presenting events and facts one-sidedly, overwhelming people with visions of a possible paradisiac socialist society, and appealing to frustration created a confusing but conveniently manipulated context. By creating such a situation, citizens were encouraged to become informers who were rewarded for revealing enemies of progress and setting an example of civic morality. As a result of public and private spaces degradation, a passive and resigned citizens emerged. By providing a comprehensive overview of the communist agitator’s work, this study is intended to bring it to the attention of the public. Additionally, it will discuss agitator’s ideological education, the techniques and the strategies he was recommended to, and how he approached the agitation duties. To carry out this study, “The Agitator’s booklet” will be used as a primary source, which reflects the agitator’s work regading political-patriotic education, propaganda and many more.
FUGA DIN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ PE CALEA AERULUI: TENTATIVA DE DETURNARE A UNUI AVION ÎN TÂRGU MUREȘ (1971)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Truța Iozsef Ferencz
Published: April 2024

After the Second World War and with the establishment of the communist regime, many Romanians, dissatisfied with the new regime, tried to leave the country. The fugitives most frequently chose the road or rail route, but there were also attempts to swim across the Danub or to cross the Black Sea with inflatable boats, and the bravest tried to hijack planes. Most of the fugitives paid with their lives or ended up in the dungeons of the Security and were imprisoned for decades. In the summer of 1971, seven young people from Târgu Mureș planned, in turn, to leave the country by hijacking a Tarom plane. The present paper aims to present their story from the communist Securitate archives.
AFIRMAREA INDEPENDENȚEI ROMÂNIEI ÎN CONTEXTUL CRIZEI CEHOSLOVACE (1968), REFLECTATĂ ÎN ARHIVELE DIPLOMATICE DIN BRUXELLES
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Costea Maria
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses the manifesting of Romania’s independence from Moscow in 1968, based on diplomatic documents from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belgium. Romania’s dialogue with Moscow, Prague, Belgrade and Paris are presented in this article. The article proves that beyond the political regime, the national interest of Romania was permanent and it has manifested itself when it had this chance. It was an act of courage, openness and prestige. It was a risky move, but Romania managed to avoid a Soviet invasion. Internally, however, the Bucharest regime did not embark on the path of reforms, but of neo-Stalinism, the cult of personality and communist ideological correctness.
IDENTITY NEGOTIATIONS: AMERICAN WAR CORRESPONDENT LEIGH WHITE AND THE PARTITION OF TRANSYLVANIA (1939–1940)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Andraș Carmen , Sigmirean Cornel ,   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română
Published: April 2024

The present study applies the concept of identity negotiations, used in the field of psychology to describe the processes of self-representations and social interactions, in the sphere of cultural and historical studies, applied in the research of the American war correspondent Leigh White’s reports about Romania between 1939–1940, more exactly about the partition of North-West Transylvania. The attention will be focused on the negotiations between the identity representations of this correspondent about Romanians and minorities in this space and how social interactions satisfy or contradict self-representations and the objective goals of these interactions. The historical contexts in which these identity negotiations take place between the self and the other (the others, in the multi-ethnic and multicultural space of Transylvania) will be those with an extreme identity charge, proving how negotiations and communication can be suppressed in conditions of war. The study focuses on the dramatic event represented by the cession of North-West Transylvania in favor of Hungary as a result of the Vienna Award in August 1940, with references to the Bucharest Pogrom of January 21–23, 1941, with the crimes and atrocities committed against the Jews, a subject that will be treated in a separate study. Journalists such as Leigh White and his colleagues Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Robert Parker, Robert St. John, Leland Stowe, Countess Rosa Goldschmidt Waldeck, or Ray Brock will try to understand the identity traits of the others, knowing their historical and cultural context and, at the same time, trying to negotiate with their own baggage of stereotypes, or with the propagandistic directions of the official American or Romanian discourses, or, in extreme cases, with local censorship. American war correspondents proved to be not only over-qualified and over-professional, but also cosmopolitan, tolerant, experienced professionals or young novices, full of energy and enthusiasm, struggling to get at any valuable information, regardless of distance and dangers in war zones. They were sharp observers, checking the news and comparing it with other sources before sending their reports to American publications. In this way, Romanian-American identity and cultural negotiations took place above local human interactions.
CÂTEVA DATE CU PRIVIRE LA CONSTRUCȚIA, AMENAJAREA ȘI ORGANIZAREA ACTIVITĂȚII CASEI ROMÂNEȘTI LA NEW YORK WORLD’S FAIR (1939–1940). RESTITUIRI DOCUMENTARE DIN ARHIVELE NAȚIONALE ȘI ALE MAE: 1938–1939
Authors:   Universitatea din București, Vlad Laurențiu
Published: April 2024

The present text is part of a more complex research on Romania’s participation in the New York World’s Fair (1939–1940). The main objective of this research is to reconstruct the representation of Romania’s national identity at a certain point in time (1939), classifying it as one element in a series of this kind. We will also concentrate on how this representation was perceived by the public opinion of the 1930s. As such, it is not only research on cultural history and public diplomacy (external propaganda, as it was called at the time), but also on bilateral Romanian-American relations (economy, politics etc.). Last but not least, it also represents a study in imagology. This paper, the first of a series, aimed at reconstructing some of the events related to the preparations led by the officials in Bucharest charged with the country’s participation in the New York World’s Fair, for the construction of the pavilion known as the Romanian House, designed by the architect Octav Doicescu and erected for this occasion. I have brought forth information referring to the evolution of the works done at this pavilion and the difficulties encountered throughout the process, such as: changes made to the architectural design, the relation between the entrepreneurs and workers, the transportation of construction materials from overseas, the exhibitions, the negotiations for appointment of the restaurant’s manager etc. All this took place between May 1938 and April 1939. Our sources are to be found at the National Historical Archives (Saint-George’s fund and Ministry for Commerce and Industry fund) and at the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Washington fund). To those sources we have added published documents from different public libraries and on-line archives (http://www.cooperativag.ro/, http://octavdoicescu.blogspot.com/ etc.) and details brought forth by specialised literature from 1997–2018 (articles /studies on the subject by Daniel Bogdea, Nicolae Dascălu (Nicolae Ureche), Narcisa Mitu, Raluca Preotu, Zoltan Rostas, Ileana Stanca-Desa, Claudiu-Alexandru Vitanos, Laurențiu Vlad etc.).
IDEOLOGIE ȘI ISTORIOGRAFIE LA BAZA DE CERCETĂRI ŞTIINȚIFICE A ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE DIN TÂRGU MUREȘ (1957–1971)
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Sigmirean Cornel
Published: April 2024

In 1957, The Scientific Research Base of the Romanian Academy in Târgu Mureș was created, an institution that in 1967 was named the Center for History, Philology and Art History. In 1970, it came under the control of the Academy of Social and Political Sciences, receiving the name of the Center for Social Sciences, the research was included in the propaganda themes of the communist regime. Between 1957 and 1971, the Research Base was headed by Fuchs Simion, a left-wing man who was active during the interwar period in the Communist Youth Union, illegally a man with a dramatic biography, deported to Auschwitz, where he lost his mother, wife, and two children. During the time he held the position of director, Romania experienced two distinct periods in the evolution of Romanian communism. The first period was between 1948 and the early 1960s, when historiography was enslaved to the communist regime, recalling Stalin’s recommendation of 1930, “that history is not science but politics projected into the past”. After the establishment of the communist regime, in historiographical terms, Romania was disconnected both from its cultural tradition and from its ties with the West, triumphing in the historiography of the so-called “Marxist-Leninist” discourse. The second period began in the 1960s and lasted until 1974, when a party program was broadcast at the PCR Congress, in which Nicolae Ceaușescu summarized national history on 18 pages. The 1960s politically coincided with Romania’s distancing from Moscow and the encouragement of the national discourse, giving historians the chance to recover a part of the interwar historiography. The history of the Institute reflects an era and a destiny of a left intellectual in the “century of extremes”, as Eric Hobsbawm called it.
TRADITIONAL METHODOLOGY APPLIED IN AN ANTI-TRADITIONAL WAY
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Sălcudeanu Nicoleta
Published: April 2024

The cultural attitude of Eugen Negrici is generally perceived as innovative, defeatist, trailblazing. Getting rid of the methodological practices from the time of communism appears as emancipation from the literary pool marred by an outdated literary ideology and implies reaching a new attitude, a deconstructive, negative, polemical one. His perspective appears as one of unprecedented freshness, containing a sanitizing breath in the context of finding an unfrequented or less frequented path. Despite these aspirations and implicit intentions, in the position of a practitioner and not an ideologue, Professor Negrici uses a purely traditionalist methodological tool and shares in content the same middle path of a well-tempered conservatism.
REGIMUL CEAUȘESCU ÎN RAPOARTELE DIPLOMAȚIEI BRUXELLES-ULUI
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Costea Maria
Published: April 2024

This article analyses proposes new considerations on the Romania’s neo-Stalinist regime as reflected in the diplomatic documents from the Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belgium. In 1982-1983 the regime started to pay the country’s external debt, exporting agricultural products at dumping prices, imposing huge sacrifices and burden on country’s economic profit and on citizens standard of life. The Romanian stores ran out of food for years. The Ceausescu regime has forbidden the citizens to leave the country. Belgium, France, USA, and other Western countries started to criticize the regime, harsher and harsher. Romania’s foreign policies of independence towards Moscow were still important for the Western interests, but their value decreased. USA even retired the highly symbolic Most-Favored-Nation Status. The Ceausescu regime became more and more isolated between 1982-1989.
DINCOLO PRACTICI ȘI CONVENIENȚE DISCURSIVE PRECEDENTE. REPREZENTĂRI ALE ROMILOR ÎN PRESA CENTRALĂ DE LIMBĂ GERMANĂ DIN ROMÂNIA COMUNISTĂ ȘI MIZELE LOR POLITICE
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Zăloagă Marian
Published: April 2024

The present paper addresses a topic entirely ignored in the studies dedicated to the Roma people during communism times. I am interested to highlight how Roma were accounted for in the German speaking central press published in communist Romania. I am setting my research in the field of representation of otherness but I am setting the resulting rhetoric dedicated to the Roma in the context in which the journalists and the readership were also embodying an ethnic other that had to be surveilled and policed - it is true in a particular fashion and with other means –, by the Communist Romanian state authorities. Remarks concerning the Roma, made in a more or less fugitive fashion in various and scattered press articles, can be regarded as of secondary interests. They appear to be more likely to be a pretext to debate about the challenges encountered by the communist social engineering program. Publication of texts involving interactions between ethnics of different origins, including Germans and Roma, was also a communist journalistic strategy to propagandistically present the advancements made with regard to a provocative social issue which had been wrongly addressed by previous political regimes. In the following pages, I am examining the narratives of the articles published in the “Neuer Weg” and its yearly almanac for a period of fifty years. The objective is to illustrate how Roma were instrumentalized in a propagandistic campaign to reshape modes of thinking of the Germans from communist Romania. Different references to Roma were exploited to nurture a collective feeling of common belongingness to an imagined working - class society that had to transcend preexisting ethnic prejudiced thinking. Hints to sensitive topics like the slavery or the radical wright wing exterminations policies against the Roma were referred to in a cunning attempt to convey to the German readership a sense of guilt, and, thus, to neutralize its eventual reactions in the context of collectivization, systematization, educational, policies.
DIPLOMAȚIA CULTURALĂ A ROMÂNIEI. STUDIU DE CAZ: SĂRBĂTORIREA INTERNAȚIONALĂ A SEMICENTENARULUI UNIRII TRANSILVANIEI CU ROMÂNIA (1968)
Authors:   Universitatea din București, Balaci Alexandru
Published: April 2024

International system was built on the basis of inter-state relations, depending on power relations. Theories of international relations have described the global system from military perspectives, ignoring other areas of analysis, because cooperation was not a realistic scenario. The international system has often been described as anarchic, as mistrust was often more evident. Cultural diplomacy was a concept that began to be used in 60’s of the last century in Western Europe to describe cultural cooperation activities as opposed to propaganda, which had fallen into popular disfavor at the beginning of the post-war period. The easing of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union and the openness of the international system were the main perspectives that led to the enhacement of Romania’s cultural diplomacy. During this time, the dependence on Moscow has gradually decreased toward minimal relations and cooperation on certain levels.The purpose of this study is to analize a historiographical area which has not been researched enough, and to provide new perspectives on the chosen topic. The hypothesis of this study is: How did the Socialist Republic of Romania use the Semicentennial to promote itself externally? The bibliography of this research was built from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, documents from the U.S State Department and documents from the Central Intelligence Agency.
CREATIVE TASTES: SHARING FLAVORED MENUS, GOSSIP AND NEWS IN AMERICAN CORRESPONDENTS’ JOURNEYS TO AND FROM ROMANIA BETWEEN THE GREAT WARS
Authors:   Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane „Gheorghe Șincai” din Târgu Mureș- Academia Română, Andraș Carmen
Published: April 2024

The present study focuses on the significance and importance of gastronomy, food preparation, raw material, commensality in the heterotopian public spaces of restaurants, for the accuracy and diversity of American correspondents reports of their journeys in a war thorn Europe, Romania included. Food and commensality occupied an important place in the American correspondents’ descriptions of the restaurants where they met and shared delicious meals mostly before war divided society and made cohabitation impossible. With the progress of war, menus and culinary tastes lost their role in the cohesion of the people sharing flavored dishes. Tastes, memories and history were intertwined in lively heterotopias. Society lost its peaceful homogeneity, and people sitting at restaurant tables were divided ethnically, politically, economically and professionally. Instead of tasting and enjoying food, the war correspondents paid attention to external intercourses between the restaurant clientele. They turned to the materiality and political aspects of sharing the same place, while the aesthetic value of gastronomy lost its importance. Covetous politicians, officers, businessmen or diplomats replaced the bon vivant and the gourmands. This turn of attitude toward gastronomic art was very closely reflected in Bucharest’s elegant restaurants like the Athenée Palace dining room, as well as in Cina’s or Capșa’s. The study focuses on interwar Bucharest’s exclusive restaurants, frequented not only by foreign officials and journalists, but also by the Romanian high society, politicians, diplomats, officers or decaying aristocrats. Generally, they were go-getters, who wanted to identify the most profitable political tendencies and afforded these fancy public spaces. The study thus highlights the importance of Romanian-American identity and cultural negotiations, which took place instead of temporary conflicting interactions between different ethnic, cultural, political and military categories of the European society.
ELITA ROMÂNEASCĂ DIN SIGHIȘOARA ÎN A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA
Authors:   Muzeul de Istorie Sighișoara, Teșculă Nicolae
Published: April 2024

The second half of the 19th century finds Sighișoara in a fast economic and social transformation. Obvious steps on the path of modernization had a positive impact upon the Romanian population of the town. The present study highlights that, similar to other towns from Transylvania, here one can witness a diversification of the composition of the Romanian elite. The number of the priests remains high, but there is also a significant percentage of nonclerical elites. To these categories, one needs to add the emergence of a tenuous but increasing craft and commercial elite, which will show signs of exponential growth during the first decades of the 20th century.
NEGOCIERILE BILATERALE ROMÂNO MAGHIAREPRIVIND TRECEREA FRONTIEREI (1945-949)
Authors:   Școala Doctorală ,,Istorie. Civilizație. Cultură”, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Bîc Tania-Nicoleta
Published: April 2024

The Romanian-Hungarian border after the end of the Second World War was one of the priorities of the Petru Groza government at the Paris Peace Conference in 1946. The border before the Conference benefited from additional protection from the Romanian authorities to prevent the illegal crossing of the border by the Hungarians. Even after the ratification of the Peace Treaty in 1947, there were incidents on the Romanian-Hungarian border. Due to the fact that at the beginning the Romanian-Hungarian border did not benefit from official recognition by international bodies, surveillance was mainly done through security and defense missions, with the exception of the border with the USSR. In 1944, in Northern Transylvania, the Soviets began an extensive border surveillance activity. Soviet military rule was maintained from November 1944 to March 1945, with the coming to power of a pro-Soviet government led by Dr. Petru Groza. Also, while the Soviet leadership controlled Northern Transylvania, they made provisions for the Border Guard Corps, which was significantly reduced. From a number of 44,000 in 1944 to 12,000 in April 1945. The Frontier Police also underwent permanent restructuring, coming under the supervision of the Allied Control Commission. In order to avoid illegal border crossing, we will see throughout this article that Romania has taken special measures to prevent this. This caused discontent among Hungarian citizens living in Hungary, as they were subjected to a series of bureaucratic procedures that made it difficult for them to come to Romania. In 1946, the Border Troops Command belonging to the Ministry of National Defense was established. The pedantic problems between Romania and Hungary regarding this aspect were dealt with within the Ministry of the Interior. The numerous problems caused by crossing the border determined the creation of a mixed Romanian-Hungarian delegation to discuss and lay the foundations for a convention in order to solve the existing problems. The first convention aimed to settle the points being accepted by both parties. Later, the Hungarian side requested the reinstatement of the Convention for Small Border Traffic with Hungary from 1931, which, however, was not accepted by the Romanian state. On November 25, 1947, with the arrival of the Hungarian delegation in Romania, a Protocol was signed. Point 3 of it referred to the issue of movement of people who have property in both countries. Transit visas were also on the agenda of the discussions. The two delegations held numerous negotiations between 1945-1949, but which did not lead to the definitive stop of the fraudulent crossing of the border with Romania.
Rol de la auditoría interna como instrumento de gestión y control en los GAD de la provincia Cotopaxi, cantón Latacunga
Authors: Sangoquiza Chiluisa Deysi Fernanda , Baquerizo Narváez Mayra Alejandra , Espín Balseca Lorena del Rocío
Published: April 2024

Este estudio profundiza en el papel de la auditoría interna como un instrumento clave para gestionar y controlar las Organizaciones Autónomas Descentralizadas del Gobierno (GAD) dentro de la provincia de Cotopaxi, especialmente en el Cantón Latacunga. Examina diversas dimensiones como el Código de Ética, evaluación de riesgos, actividades de control, comunicación interna y supervisión. La metodología de investigación involucra la recolección de datos a través de encuestas estructuradas en múltiples GAD, analizando respuestas a preguntas clave relacionadas con estándares éticos, gestión de riesgos, prácticas de control, protocolos de comunicación y mecanismos de supervisión. Los resultados resaltan un espectro de respuestas destacando tanto fortalezas como áreas que requieren mejoras en diferentes entidades. Especialmente, mientras que la mayoría de los GAD poseen y difunden un Código de Ética aceptado, existen discrepancias en la comprensión del comportamiento aceptable. Además, se observan fortalezas en gestión de riesgos y actividades de control, aunque se requiere mejorar la supervisión continua y las revisiones de control. El estudio subraya la necesidad de fortalecer los canales de comunicación interna y las medidas antifraude para mejorar la gestión administrativa de manera efectiva en estas entidades. Este análisis exhaustivo tiene como objetivo proporcionar ideas y recomendaciones para optimizar las prácticas de auditoría interna en los GAD de la provincia de Cotopaxi, contribuyendo así a una gobernanza mejorada y eficiencia operativa en el sector público.
Estrategias de educación inclusiva aplicadas en la enseñanza de la Criminología y Ciencias Forenses
Authors: Crespo Urgiles Juan Sebastián , García Cárdenas Nancy Paola
Published: April 2024

En el contexto ecuatoriano la carrera de Criminología y Ciencias Forenses se considera como un área de estudio en expansión de tipo científica y aplicada, sin embargo, no está exenta de limitaciones, espacialmente por las modalidades de estudio que suelen representar un reto especialmente para estudiantes con discapacidad o NEE. El objetivo de este artículo se direccionó en analizar cuáles han sido las estrategias de educación inclusiva aplicadas en la enseñanza de la Criminología y Ciencias Forenses. La metodología aplicada consistió en un diseño no experimental y transversal, bajo un tipo de estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, un método de investigación fue de tipo inductivo-deductivo; la población estuvo compuesta por cinco docentes de la carrera de Licenciatura y/o Maestría en Criminología y Ciencias Forenses de cinco universidades del país y 40 estudiantes con discapacidad y/o con NEE que actualmente se instruyen en esta área, aplicándose entrevistas y encuestas respectivamente a ambos grupos. Los resultados permitieron reflejar que aún se deben trabajar de forma integral en mejorar los aspectos metodológicos, administrativos y conductuales según los docentes, mientras que los estudiantes precisan de recursos y herramientas adecuadas a las necesidades. Las conclusiones reflejaron que la carrera en mención es un de las áreas de interés para un número cada vez mayor de estudiantes, entre ellos personas con discapacidad y con NEE, sin embargo, modalidad semipresencial u online, son quienes experimentan mayores dificultades, sugiriéndose que se analicen alternativas que permitan superar estas dificultades en beneficio de toda la comunidad educativa.
La lucha de lxs militantes argentinxs exiliadxs (1976-1980)
Authors: Piñero María Teresa
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo examina las denuncias contra la última dictadura en el ámbito internacional, en especial de la Comisión Argentina de Derechos Humanos (CADHU) y de los argentinxs exiliadxs en los Estados Unidos e Italia, entre 1976 y 1980. Se analiza cómo lxs exiliadxs se conformaron como sujeto político y llevaron adelante la lucha contra la dictadura. En un infructuoso intento de deslegitimar esas acciones, la Junta Militar las denominó “campaña antiargentina”. La autora estudia esas acciones desde su particular posición de exiliada y participante.
“El fenómeno de tener una ley valía la batalla”. El proceso social y político de emergencia de los Sitios de Memoria en Uruguay
Authors: Garcia Correa Martina Eva
Published: April 2024

En el presente trabajo, se describe y analiza el proceso iniciado en 2015, a través del cual actores y grupos históricamente vinculados a los derechos humanos y a la memoria sobre el pasado reciente impulsaron la demanda por los Sitios de Memoria en Uruguay, y cómo lograron articular la con la necesidad de una normativa nacional para la preservación y puesta en valor de estos lugares. La hipótesis de partida es que este proceso, así como la consecución de la Ley 19 641 de declaración y creación de Sitios de Memoria Histórica, abrieron un nuevo capítulo en la historia de la memoria en el país. Desde un enfoque antropológico, se caracteriza la trama de actores involucrados en la génesis de esta demanda y se analizan las maneras en que estos la describen e interpretan. Además, se repasan críticamente algunos de los principales debates que caracterizaron el proceso analizado, los cuales aún no han encontrado sutura y que fueron heredados en la institucionalidad inaugurada por la Ley.