bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORRECTION OF TRANSFORMER OIL BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUES BY THE MINIMUM RISK METHOD
Authors: Shutenko O. V. , Ponomarenko S. H.
Published: June 2021

The method of correction of maximum permissible values of breakdown voltage of transformer oils in order to minimize possible economic damage in case of making erroneous decisions during diagnostics of the condition of transformer oils according to the results of periodic tests is proposed. An algorithm for statistical processing of the periodic test results is described, the use of which allows forming arrays with homogeneous values of the indicators under a priori limited measuring information. Analysis of distribution laws of breakdown voltage values for the transformer oils suitable and unsuitable for operation according to the values of this indicator is done. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the breakdown voltage values of oils with different states have Weibull distribution. It was determined that the values of mathematical expectations of breakdown voltage of serviceable oils with the ageing of transformer oils shifts to the area of low values. It means that the breakdown voltage maximum permissible values of oils for the given distributions should be different. It is confirmed by the previously known fact that for unimodal distributions, the maximum permissible values of indicators that provide a minimum of risk are in an interval bounded by the mathematical expectation of the indicator distributions with different states. A decisive rule is formulated and an average risk function is compiled to adjust the maximum permissible breakdown voltage values of transformer oils. Based on the minimisation of the average risk function by Newton's method, the maximum permissible values of the breakdown voltage of oils have been determined. The made comparative analysis has shown that the correction of maximum permissible values of breakdown voltage of oils allows decreasing the risk values by 1.52÷19.13 times in comparison with risks, which provide the use of maximum permissible values, regulated in standards. It was found that the maximum permissible values of the breakdown voltage of oils, providing a minimum value of average risk, are not constant. They vary depending on the values of faulty decision prices and the probabilities of occurrence of different defective and defect-free oil states of transformers.
FLAT CIRCULAR SOLENOID BETWEEN MASSIVE BIFILAR COILS. ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES
Authors: Batygin Yuriy , Yeryomina Olena , Shinderuk Svitlana , Chaplygin Evgeniy , Bensbaa Badr Eddin
Published: June 2021

An analysis and numerical estimates of induction effects in the metal of a flat circular solenoid located between the branches of an external bifilar coil in a flat inductor system excited by unidirectional currents in the bifilar windings are presented. Such a device, the design of which was first proposed earlier by the authors of this work, is of practical interest for circuits of equipment for magnetic-pulse processing of metals. The use of the considered inductor system makes it possible to minimize the influence of induction effects on electromagnetic processes in the metal of the internal inductor. Numerical estimates are obtained for the induced currents excited in the metal of the inner circular inductor placed between the outer windings of the bifilar coil. It is shown that in the low-frequency mode of acting fields, the time dependence of the excited current is a derivative of the time dependence of the exciting current and the transverse distribution of the current in the metal of the internal inductor is a linear dependence passing through the central axis of the inductor. In the high-frequency regime of acting fields, the time dependence and the radial distribution of the excited current coincide with the corresponding analogs for the exciting current, and the transverse distribution of the induced current is characteristic of a sharp surface effect, when the induced current is displaced to the boundary surfaces of the metal. It is proved that the minimum influence of the fields of the external bifilar on the electromagnetic processes in the internal inductor should be observed in the low-frequency mode, when the spatial superposition of multidirectional induced currents adds up to the zero value of the excited electromotive force of induction. The results of the analysis based on the specific calculations performed are aimed at finding the conditions for the successful technical implementation of the proposed inductor system. The creation of workable models of the proposed inductor systems and experiments to determine the real conditions for their maximum efficiency are seen as very promising in the direction of subsequent research.
ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING METHODS
Authors: Mykhailova Evgeniіa , Deineka Dmytro , Pancheva Hanna
Published: June 2021

Methods of plastic waste management, the amount of which is constantly growing due to the high demand for polymer products with high performance properties, are considered. The urgency of the problem is explained by longevity of plastic, which, once in the environment, gradually degrades with the formation of substances dangerous to living organisms. The most common ways of plastic waste management are its storage on specially designated land plots or incineration with / without getting heat. Each of these methods has certain disadvantages, which necessitates the introduction of other measures. Recycling of plastic waste into secondary raw materials, energy or products with certain consumer properties can be the promising method of plastic waste management from ecological and economic points of view. The purpose of this work is to analyze the methods of plastic waste recycling, to establish their advantages and disadvantages, to determine the optimal ways for the disposal of polymeric materials with different properties. Two main groups of polymer recycling methods: physical and chemical, are considered. Physical method includes mechanical recycling, which is based on the physical grinding of plastic waste to obtain secondary raw materials without significant changes in the chemical structure of the material. This process is quite simple in terms of technical design, but requires careful sorting and cleaning of waste, and has limitations on the reuse of recycled material. Chemical recycling takes place through the processes of solvolysis (hydrolysis, glycolysis, alcoholysis) and conversion (pyrolysis, gasification). In this case, the plastic waste decomposes into the original molecules – monomers, from which it is possible to get a polymer product with the same properties. Chemical methods allow disposing of unsorted and contaminated polymeric materials many times without losing their quality. Thus, the introduction of the described methods will reduce the amount of plastic waste, turn them into valuable secondary raw materials and reduce using of natural resources used to obtain primary plastic materials.
APPLICATION OF PLASMA-ELECTROLYTE COATINGS ON TITANIUM WITH REFRACTORY METALS FOR DETOXIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTS FROM POLLUTING SUBSTANCES
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Indykov Serhii , Karakurkchi Hanna
Published: June 2021

Based on the review of the peculiarities of the photocatalytic processes, the peculiarities of the catalytic action of oxide systems based on titanium dioxide are determined. It is shown that TiO2 is one of the most chemically and thermally stable and non-toxic inorganic oxides of semiconductors, whose photocatalytic activity is manifested by irradiation with ultraviolet part of the spectrum (λ 320–400 nm) and allows the oxidation of a significant amount of toxic agents to water and carbon dioxide. The essence of the photocatalytic process of oxidation of toxicants under the action of UV radiation on the TiO2 surface is considered. The proposed technology of photocatalytic detoxification of contaminants is economically available, environmentally friendly and allows its widespread use, in particular for autonomous systems, including dual purpose. It is established that the main requirements for materials for photocatalysis are their chemical and biological inertness, photocatalytic stability and activity, low cost. It is shown that the most rational technological form of the photocatalyst is the application (synthesis) of the catalytic layer on structured metal substrates, in particular titanium alloys. It is proved that these catalytic oxide systems can be effectively formed by the method of plasma-electrolyte oxidation in aqueous electrolytes with the addition of dopant metal compounds that increase the photocatalytic activity of the obtained heterooxide systems. It is proposed to use tungsten oxides of variable valence as the target additive. The kinetic regularities of the process of plasma-electrolytic oxidation of titanium VT1-0 in a diphosphate-borate electrolyte with the addition of tungstates have been studied. It is shown that in an electrolyte of this type at a current density of 1.0 A/dm2 in the galvanostatic mode for 30 min a uniform coating of TiO2·WxOy with a tubular torus-like structure and tungsten content of 2.5–7.5 wt.% is formed. The predicted quantitative composition of the heteroxide layer in combination with the surface morphology creates the preconditions for high catalytic activity of the synthesized coating for detoxification of media from anthropogenic pollutants.
Risk Factors for Readmissions After Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Mahajan Satish M. , Mahajan Amey S. , Nguyen Chantal , Bui Justin , Abbott Bruce T. , Osborne Thomas
Published: June 2021

» We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive modeling studies examining the risk of readmission after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in order to synthesize key risk factors and evaluate their pooled effects. Our analysis entailed 15 compliant studies for qualitative review and 17 compliant studies for quantitative meta-analysis.

» A qualitative review of 15 predictive modeling studies highlighted 5 key risk factors for risk of readmission after THA and/or TKA: age, length of stay, readmission reduction policy, use of peripheral nerve block, and type of joint replacement procedure.

» A meta-analysis of 17 studies unveiled 3 significant risk factors: discharge to a skilled nursing facility rather than to home (approximately 61% higher risk), surgery at a low- or medium-procedure-volume hospital (approximately 26% higher risk), and the presence of patient obesity (approximately 34% higher risk). We demonstrated clinically meaningful relationships between these factors and moderator variables of procedure type, source of data used for model-building, and the proportion of male patients in the cohort.

» We found that many studies did not adhere to gold-standard criteria for reporting and study construction based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) and NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) methodologies.

» We recommend that these risk factors be considered in clinical practice and future work alike as they relate to surgical, discharge, and care decision-making. Future work should also prioritize greater observance of gold-standard reporting criteria for predictive models.
The Phenomenology of “Nothingness” by Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Siplivii Gregory N.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenology “Nothingness” by Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. Through research of existential phe­nomenology, the article also touches on the topic of “mood” as philosophical in­tentionality. Various kinds of “moods”, such as faintness (Verstimmung), ennui (Langeweile), burden (Geworden), inquisitiveness (Neugier), care (Sorge) and conscience (Gewissen), by Martin Heidegger’s and nausea (la nausée), anxiety (l’anxiété), dizziness (le vertige) by Jean-Paul Sartre, is considered in the context of what they may matter in an ontological sense. The phenomenologically under­stood “mood” as a general intentionality towards something is connected with the way in which the existing is able to ask about its own self. In addition, the ar­ticle forms the concept of the original ontological and phenomenological “in­completeness” of any existential experience. It is this incompleteness, this “al­ways-still-not” that provides an existential opportunity to realize oneself not only thrown into the world, but also different from the general flow of being. This “elusive emptiness” is interpreted in the article in accordance with the psychoan­alytic category of “real” (Jacques Lacan).
Indian and Russian Tolstoy: one among strangers and a stranger among one’s
Authors:   HSE University, Klimova Svetlana M.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the phenomenon of the late Lev Tolstoy in the context of his religious position. The author analyzes the reactions to his teaching in Russian state and official Orthodox circles, on the one hand, and Indian thought, on the other. Two sociocultural images of L.N. Tolstoy: us and them that arose in the context of understanding the position of the Russian Church and the authorities and Indian public and religious figures (including Mahatma Gandhi, who was under his influence). A peculiar phenomenon of intellectually usL.N. Tolstoy among culturally them (Indian) correspondents and intellectually them Tolstoy among culturally us (representatives of the official government and the Church of Russia) transpires. The originality of this situation is that these im­ages of Lev Tolstoy arise practically at the same period. The author compares these images, based on the method of defamiliarisation (V. Shklovsky), which allows to visually demonstrate the religious component of Tolstoy’s criticism of the political sphere of life and, at the same time, to understand the psychological reasons for its rejection in Russian official circles. With the methodological help of defamiliarisation the author tries to show that the opinion of Tolstoy (as the writer) becomes at the same time the voice of conscience for many of his con­temporaries. The method of defamiliarisation allowed the author to show how Leo Tolstoy’s inner law of nonviolence influenced the concept of non­violent resistance in the teachings of Gandhi.
The Image of the East in Systems of Thinking and in the Structure of Social Action
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Przhilenskiy Vladimir I.
Published: June 2021

The images of geographical space and historical time, born in the practices of poetic experience and philosophical reflection, subsequently migrated to the subject-matter domains of sociology, political science, economics, and other social sciences, under­going a long conceptual as well as analytical evolution. In fact, they turned into ef­fective tools for scientific analysis of social, political and economic processes with the scope of application ranging from theoretical constructs and expert assessments to managerial decision-making and futurological forecasts. Moreover, cultural and historical images, arriving into the sphere of theoretical as well as expert-and-analyti­cal knowledge from pre-scientific practices, came back to the sphere of everyday life and began to play an increasingly important role in self-identification, as well as in individual and collective searches for identity. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the newly formed concepts of the East and the West, the Modern and the Ar­chaic, in their dynamic dimension, gave birth to the “procedural” derivatives thereof, the most well-known and the most broadly applied among which is the concept of modernization, which manifested itself, inter alia, in the emergence of a theory or even many theories of the same name. At the same time, the concepts of westerniza­tion and archaization have been less fortunate: in fact, they have turned into the terms used in the conceptual space of the same theory of modernization. The rarest to be used is the fourth of the concepts in question – the concept of orientalization. This article deals with the very few instances of the use of this term found by the author in modern scientific literature.
Phenomenological Approaches in the Theory of Architecture in the Context of Modern Cognitive Science
Authors:   Moscow Architectural Institute, Figurny George N.
Published: June 2021

The article is a fragment of the scientific research devoted to the analysis of mod­ern approaches to the understanding of architecture. It considers the problems of phenomenological approach to architecture. Applied to architectural issues, the phenomenological approach can be considered as very productive and promising, but only as it appears to be practiced by K. Norberg-Schulz and J. Pallasmaa. The article notes the fundamental unity of views, which is demonstrated by repre­sentatives of the phenomenological approach, despite the individual speci­ficity of the each representative’s position. Probably, the integrity and depth of the phe­nomenological concept (in its “primordial form”) is consonant with the comp­rehensiveness of each individual act of perception. The author also draws atten­tion to the significant circumstance, that the phenomenological approach is in fundamentally irreconcilable contradiction (conceptual and methodological) to the numerous attempts by “architectural semiotics and structuralists” to explain the whole by breaking it up into “semantic fragments”. He analyzes the corre­lation between the position of representatives of the phenomenological approach to architecture and scientific views in the sphere of modern psychology and ana­lytical philosophy. The article notes the basic similarity of the phenomeno­logical concept with M. Polanyi’s theory of “tacit knowledge”, in which those kinds of knowledge (and also practical skills) are considered and which cannot be formal­ized (partially or completely) for the purpose of transferring to others. The author also offers for consideration the introduction of concept of “pheno­menology of semi-instinctive behavior in its dynamic formation”.
Modern European Philosophy of Symbolic Forms of Religious and Artistic Consciousness
Authors:   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Barashkov Viktor V. , Begchin Denis A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Davidov Ivan P. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the philosophical issues in the field of religious art. The re­vision of the theories of secularization in the late 20th – early 21st centuries al­lowed philosophers speak not only about the autonomy of art in relation to reli­gion, but also about the dialogue between these two “symbolic forms of consciousness” (according to E. Cassirer) and the fields of culture. The aim of this article is to offer an analysis of the corpus of selected texts of both Russian and foreign specialists of the last quarter of the 20th – early 21st centuries who worked in related fields (iconology, spatialization, semiotics of culture and art, philosophy of culture, and theology). The subject matters of the article is the philosophical, religious, cultural, art history, semiotic, theological, and anthropo­logical theories of authors whose works were in the representative sample of this study. The literature can be divided into several categories: 1) publications that discuss the relationship between the “secular” and “sacred” in modern culture; 2) publications that describe the essential features of modern temple construction and give a broad interpretation of the concept of “sacred spaces”; 3) publications that describe and analyse specific manifestations of the dialogue between art and religion. The main methods are the method of description and the method of com­plex philosophical and religiological analysis. The originality of the research lies in the attempt to systematize various points of view on the place and role of reli­gion and art in a post-secular society. The goal is to offer a wide panorama of modern theories of the interaction of religion, architecture, and fine art. Tthe main tasks are complex analysis, classification and qualification of research approaches of the authors under consideration.
Hand Performance and Strength Evaluation in Smartphone users in the Healthy Population: A Study Protocol
Authors: Bhamra Jasraj Kaur , Naqvi Waqar M. , Arora Sakshi P.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: This study investigated the interactive effects between the levels of smartphone use on hand-grip strength and functional hand performance in young people. High levels of smartphone use diminished hand-grip strengths as well as and hand function that results in a reduction of handgrip strength of dominant hands in smartphone users. To create a self-diagnostic scale that could tell the difference between smartphone addicts and non-addicts. The smartphone addiction scale short version (SAS-SV) was shown to be reliable and accurate. The qDASH (Questionnaire for Disorders of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) is an automatic management region-specific outcome device designed to assess upper-extremity impairment along with symptoms. The key component of the qDASH is an 11-item disability/symptom scale.Method: The observational cross-sectional study will be including 70 participants aged between 16 to 29 years from Ravi Nair College of Physiotherapy, India for study as per exclusion and inclusion criteria. Intervention, the span of the duration of analysis of the study will be 6 months. The Hand Dynamometer will be used, SAS-SV and qDASH questionnaire will be used to evaluate the smartphone addiction and assess the upper extremity functional independency.Discussion: The Study will evaluate the hand performance and strength of smartphone in healthy participants. There was a link between smartphone addiction and hand-grip strength and upper-limb disability. There is a dismissive impact on youthful participants during the overuse of smartphone on their hand functions.The Institutional Ethical Clearance reference number for this study is RNPC/IEC/2020-21/0013.
The Cough Reflex Intensity Score in Critically Ill Patients’ Airway Management: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Trial
Authors: Jia Wenbin , Wang Jingyi , Walline Joseph Harold , Gao Ranran , Xu Ran , Chen Xiangya , Yuan Xin , Li Yongkai , YANG Jian-Zhong , Xu Jun
Published: June 2021

Background
A patient’s ability to cough is important for assessing a patient’s airway condition and likely mechanical ventilation outcome,there is still a lack of data comparing patients’ initial cough ability and outcomes.
Methods
The study is a prospective, observational trial which includes 144 patients from Xinjiang Medical University. After a patients is assigned a cough strength score, the cough intensity assessments will be implemented every other day for a week. The primary endpoint is whether the patient requires endotracheal intubation (including tracheostomy). Secondary endpoints include time spent under mechanical ventilation (excluding noninvasive ventilation), ICU and hospital lengths of stay, hospital expenses and in-hospital 30-day mortality.
Discussion
Anecdotally in our practice, we found that patients with a high Cough Reflex Intensity Score don't require endotracheal intubation, while patients with a low score always need to be intubated. This trial will test to what degree cough intensity is correlated to patient’s outcomes.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR1900028265. Registered 16 December 2019
A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial for Assessing POC-CCA Test Based Praziquantel Treatment for Schistosomiasis Control in Pregnant Women and Their Young Children: Study Protocol of the Freebily Clinical Trial in Madagascar
Authors: Fusco Daniela , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphael , Rakotoarivelo Rivo Andry , Andrianarivelo Mala Rakoto , Rakotozandrindrainy Njary , Rasamoelina Tahimandranto , Puradiredja Dewi Ismajani , Klein Philipp , Stahlberg Karl , Dechenaud Marie , Lorenz Eva , Jaeger Anna , Kreidenweiss Andrea , Hoekstra Pytsje , Adegnika Akim Ayola , Sicuri Elisa , Corstjens Paul , Dam Govert van , May Jürgen , Schwarz Norbert Georg
Published: June 2021

Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel is one of the main control measures against human schistosomiasis. Although there are claims for including pregnant women, infants and children under the age of 5 years in high endemic regions in MDA campaigns, they are usually not treated without diagnosis. Diagnostic tools identifying infections at primary health care centre (PHCC) level could therefore help to integrate these vulnerable groups into control programmes. freeBILy (Fast and reliable easy-to-use-diagnostics for eliminating Bilharzia in young children and mothers) is an international consortium focused on implementing and evaluating new schistosomiasis diagnostic strategies. In Madagascar, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of a Test-Based-Schistosomiasis-Treatment (TBST) strategy for pregnant women and their infants and children up until the age of 2 years. Methods : A two-armed, cluster-randomised, controlled phase III trial including 5200 women and their offspring assesses the impact of TBST on child growth and maternal haemoglobin in areas of medium to high endemicity of Schistosoma mansoni . The participants are being tested with the Point of Care-Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test, a commercially available urine-based non-invasive rapid diagnostic test for schistosomiasis. In the intervention arm, a POC-CCA-TBST strategy is offered to women during pregnancy and 9 months after delivery, for their infants at 9 months of age. In the control arm, study visit procedures are the same, but without the POC-CCA-TBST procedure. All participants are being offered the POC-CCA-TBST at 24 months after delivery. This trial is being integrated into the routine maternal and child primary health care programmes at 40 different PHCC in Madagascar’s highlands. The purpose of the trial is to assess the effectiveness of the POC-CCA-TBST for controlling schistosomiasis in young children and mothers. Discussion : This trial assesses a strategy to integrate pregnant women and their children under the age of 2 years into schistosomiasis control programmes using rapid diagnostic tests. It includes local capacity building for clinical trials and large-scale intervention research. Trial registration : Retrospectively registered with the Pan-African Clinical Trial Register PACTR201905784271304 (15/05/2019)
Mutagenic strategies against luxS gene affect the early stage of biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Tereň Martin , Shagieva Ekaterina , Vondrakova Lucie , Viktorova Jitka , Svarcova Viviana , Demnerova Katerina , Michova Hana Turonova
Published: June 2021

Currently, it is clear that the luxS gene has an impact on the process of biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni. However, even within the species naturally occurring strains of Campylobacter lacking the luxS gene exist, which can form biofilms. In order to better understand the genetic determinants and the role of quorum sensing through the LuxS/AI-2 pathway in biofilm formation, a set of mutant/complemented strains of C. jejuni 81–176 were prepared. Additionally, the impact of the mutagenic strategy used against the luxS gene was investigated. Biofilm formation was affected by both the presence and absence of the luxS gene, and by the mutagenic strategy used. Analysis by CLSM showed that all mutant strains formed significantly less biofilm mass when compared to the wild-type. Interestingly, the deletion mutant (∆luxS) showed a larger decrease in biofilm mass than the substitution (∙luxS) and insertional inactivated (⸬luxS) mutants, even though all the mutant strains lost the ability to produce autoinducer-2 molecules. Moreover, the biofilm of the ∆luxS mutant lacked the characteristic microcolonies observed in all other strains. The complementation of all mutant strains resulted in restored ability to produce AI-2, to form a complex biofilm, and to develop microcolonies at the level of the wild-type.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu-doped TiO2 nanomaterials with Anatase/rutile/brookite Triphasic Structure and their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong , Zhou Qin , Xia Yangwen , Wang Juan , Chen Hongjin , Xu Qiao , Liu Jiawei , Feng Wei , Chen Shanhua
Published: June 2021

Pure TiO2 and different concentrations of Cu–doped TiO2 with anatase/rutile/brookite triphasic structure were successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal process and characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X–ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectra (PL) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET). Both pure and Cu–doped TiO2 show relatively high photocatalytic activity owing to their considerable surface areas. Moreover, the three–phase coexisting structure and the conversion between Cu2+ and Cu+ ions facilitate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which is favorable for photocatalytic performance. 1%Cu–TiO2 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity and the degradation degree of rhodamine B (RhB) reaches 93.5% after 30 min, which is higher than that of monophasic/biphasic 1%Cu–TiO2. ·O2− radical is the main active specie, and h+ and ·OH are subsidiary in the degradation process.
Missed Injuries in Trauma Patients; The Value of a Diagnostic Thoracotomy or Thoracoscopy During Surgical Stabilisation of Rib Fractures.
Authors: Wemeijer Tess , Hogeboom Wim , Steenvoorde Pascal , Withaar Dominique S. , de Groot Reinier
Published: June 2021

PurposeOver the last decade Surgical Stabilisation of Rib Fractures (SSFR) gained popularity in our hospital. With increased numbers, we noted that frequently injuries were missed during primary/secondary survey and radiological imaging, that were found during the surgical procedure. With this observation, the research question was formulated: What is the value of diagnostics thoracotomy or thoracoscopy during surgical stabilisation of rib fractures?MethodsIn a single centre, retrospective study between February 2010 till December 2019, trauma patients who underwent Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures (SSFR) and an inspection thoracotomy were included. All radiological injuries were compared with intraoperative findings. Missed injuries that were discovered during the surgical procedure that weren’t analysed during primary/secondary survey or on radiological imaging were recorded and retrospectively analysed by an independent radiologist. Results51 patients were included. Eight patients had additional injuries; all had a diaphragmatic rupture, one patient had an attending stomach laceration, another patient had an attending significant lung laceration in need of surgical repair. Only 13 out of 56 diaphragm rupture CT-signs were confirmed, therefore still 77% of signs could not be confirmed by initial radiological findings.Conclusion With the recent shift towards surgical stabilisation of rib fractures, an inspection thoracoscopy or thoracotomy during SSFR should be considered to minimize the incidence of missed intrathoracic injuries requiring early or late surgical treatment.
Pollution Monitoring using the Leaf-deposited Particulates and Magnetism of the Leaves of 23 Plant Species in a Semi-arid City, Northwest China
Authors: Chen Hong , Xia Dunsheng , Wang Bo , Liu Hui , Ma Xiaoyi
Published: June 2021

We conducted a study of the leaf-deposited particles and magnetism of plant leaves in different functional areas (traffic areas, parks and residential areas) in Lanzhou, China. The saturation isothermal remanence (SIRM) of the washed and unwashed leaves of 23 plant species (including evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, deciduous liana species and deciduous trees) at three sampling heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 2.5 m) was measured. In addition, the mass of the leaf-deposited particles was measured using the elution-filtration method and the leaf morphological characteristics were determined by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis. The results revealed significant differences in particles retention capacity among the 23 plant species, with evergreen shrub species at the heights of 0.5 m and 1.5 m having higher particles concentrations. Buxus sinica, Buxus megistophylla, Prunus cerasifera and Ligustrum×vicaryi were the most effective plant species for accumulating particles. The SEM results showed that leaves with a relatively complex adaxial surface (such as deep grooves and protrusions) were more effective at accumulating particles. The SIRM of washed leaves, unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles were significantly higher in traffic areas than in parks and residential areas. In addition, significant correlations were found between SIRM of unwashed leaves and leaf-deposited particles and the mass of leaf-deposited particles, and therefore the leaf magnetic properties effectively reflect levels of PM pollution under different environmental conditions. Overall, our results provide a valuable reference for the selection of plant species with high particle retention capacity that suitable for urban greening and pollution mitigation.
Perceived Barriers to Pediatric Clinical Trials Implementation: A Survey of Health Care Staff
Authors: Smith Timothy Ryan , McCulloh Russell , Bui Minh-Thuy , Sollo Natalie , Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R. , Pahud Barbara , Dedeaux Julian A. , Davis Ann M.
Published: June 2021

BackgroundClinical trials are the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness and safety of treatments. The objective of the current study was to assess provider opinions regarding implementing pediatric clinical trials in various practice settings across Kansas. MethodsThe study was completed within the Sunflower Pediatric Clinical Trials Research Extension (SPeCTRE), an affiliate of the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN). A cross-sectional, 36-item survey was administered to a state-wide convenience sample targeting health care providers and clinic staff. ResultsA total of 119 health care providers and clinic staff completed surveys; 31% were physicians. Physicians were more likely than other clinic staff to have experience with clinical trials (correlation coefficient [CC]=0.270, p=0.004). When compared to urban respondents, rural providers were less supportive of recruitment for clinical trials in their practices (CC=-0.251, p=0.008) and more likely to feel comfortable referring patients for clinical trials involving treatments that their insurance did not cover (CC=0.302, p=0.001).ConclusionA range of rural and urban health care professionals support the performance of pediatric clinical trials but identify several barriers as well. These results will support future pediatric clinical trials across the country including Kansas.TRIAL REGISTRATION: NA
Identification and Computational Analysis of 3D-Structure Of MOCS1
Authors: Hamid Maham , habib uzma , Batool Javeria , Qaisar Arshemah , Paracha Rehan Zafar
Published: June 2021

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) is one of the most stable intermediates in Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) biosynthetic pathway. In humans, synthesis of cPMP from Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) requires functional genes i.e. Molybdenum Cofactor Synthesis-1 (MOCS1) genes that contains for two catalytic proteins MOCS1A and MOCS1B. Importance of MOCS1A and MOCS1B for biosynthesis of MoCo reveals from the fact that its deficiency leads to MoCo type A deficiency. As there is no structure available for MOCS1 genes in the literature, tertiary structure of MOCS1 genes were investigated in this research via threading or folds recognition method by i-TASSER and validation was done using ERRAT, Verify3D and Ramachandran plots. Binding sites were predicted and validated. Docking of MOCS1A with GTP and MOCS1B with 3, 8 dihydroguanosine was done using Autodock via PyRx. Apart from this, highly confident mutations were also predicted using SIFT and polyphen2 that can alter the structure and function of MOCS1 gene.
Landslide Vulnerability Assessment in Devikulam Taluk, Idukki District, Kerala Using Gis and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Gururajan Bhargavi , Jawaharlal Arun nehru
Published: June 2021

Landslide is a chronic problem that causes severe geographical hazard due to development activities and exploitation of the hilly region and it occurs due to heavy and prolongs rain flow in the mountainous area. Initially, a total of 726 locations were identified at devikulam taluk, Idukki district (India). These landslide potential points utilised to construct a spatial database. Then, the geo spatial database is then split randomly into 70% for training the models and 30% for the model validation. This work considers Seven landslide triggering factors for landslide susceptibility mapping. The susceptibility maps were verified using various evaluation metrics. The metrics are sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, Recall, Matthews correlation efficient (MCE), Area Under the Curve (AUC), Kappa statistics, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE).The proposed work with 5 advanced machine learning approaches assess the landslide vulnerability.It includes Logistic Regression (LR), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision tree classifier, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Gaussian Naïve Bayes modelling and comparing their performance for the spatial forecast of landslide possibilities in the Devikulam taluk. In experimental results, Decision tree classifier performs the most reliable performance with an overall accuracy rate of 99.21%.
Climate Change Alters The Interaction of Two Invasive Beachgrasses With Implications For Range Shifts And Coastal Dune Functions
Authors: Biel Reuben G. , Hacker Sally D.
Published: June 2021

Forecasting the effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive species can be difficult because invaders often thrive under novel physical conditions and biotic interactions that differ from those in their native range. In this study, we experimentally examined how rising temperatures and sand burial could alter the abundance and biotic interactions of two invasive beachgrasses, Ammophila arenaria and A. breviligulata, along the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast. We asked whether the current geographic ranges of the two congeners, and thus their effects on dune morphology and coastal ecosystem services, might shift as a consequence of climate driven changes in warming and sand supply. Our results show that A. breviligulata had lower biomass and tiller production when exposed to warming and high rates of sand burial, while A. arenaria showed neutral or positive responses to those treatments. Nevertheless, under all experimental combinations, A. breviligulata had strong negative effects on A. arenaria, while A. arenaria had weaker effects on A. breviligulata. Our models predict that although A. breviligulata mostly excludes A. arenaria, elevated temperatures and high rates of sand burial also increase the likelihood of species coexistence. We suggest that under climate change, the differences in physiological tolerance and the mediation of species interactions could expand the northern distributional limit of A. arenaria but restrict the southern limit of A. breviligulata. Moreover, because beachgrass abundance has direct effects on biophysical functions of dunes, reductions in vigor from warming could alter coastal protection, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration.
Prognostic Factors in Patients with Conventional Chondrosarcoma: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Fu Peng , Gao zhenzhen , Sun Ting , Bao Yi , Chen Gang
Published: June 2021

Background: Conventional chondrosarcoma, a rare type of bone tumor, is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Thus, additional characteristics of this disease are needed to open other treatment modalities. The clinical investigation of chondrosarcoma is limited to small-series and single-institution studies. The Surveillance, Epidemiologic, and End Results (SEER) is the most complete and comprehensive database worldwide. This SEER database study aimed to collect clinicopathological features and determine the prognosis of patients with conventional chondrosarcoma. Methods: Clinicopathologic and survival data of 782 patients from 2010 to 2016 and 353 patients from 2007 to 2009 were downloaded and analyzed. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and verified by univariable Cox regression. Independent prognostic factors were assessed using the multi-variable Cox regression hazards model. A nomogram was established and used to calculate the one-, three-, and five-year survival rates. Competitive risk models were established to identify the prognostic risk factors related to competitive endpoint events in patients with conventional chondrosarcoma. Results: In total, 361 extremities, 360 axial bones, and 61 cranial samples were collected from the 2010–2016 cohort. The median survival time of patients with conventional chondrosarcoma was 35 months, and the independent prognostic factors were sex, grade, surgery, AJCC_M age, and tumor size. Thereafter, a nomogram was established basing from those independent prognostic factors. The competitive risk model revealed no competitive risk for the cancer-specific endpoint event. The data from 2007 to 2009 were used to validate the results from 2010 to 2016 with general consistency. Conclusion: This retrospective study determined the prognostic factors in patients with conventional chondrosarcoma by using the Cox regression hazards model. A nomogram was established to help oncologists assess this rare malignant tumor with low heterogeneity.
Catalytic Activity Of Cu/η-Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared From Aluminum Scraps In The NH3-SCO and in the NH3-SCR of NO
Authors: Jr Nawel , Makhlouf Thabet , Delahay Gerard , Tounsi Hassib
Published: June 2021

Copper loaded η-alumina catalysts with different copper contents have been prepared by impregnation/evaporation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, UV–vis, H2-TPR and evaluated in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 and in the selective catalytic oxidation of NH3. The characterization techniques showed that the impregnation/evaporation method permits to obtain highly dispersed copper oxide species on the η-alumina surface when low amount of copper is used (1wt. % and 2 wt.%). The wet impregnation method made it possible to reach a well dispersion of the copper species on the surface of the alumina for the low copper contents Cu(1)-Al2O3 and Cu(2)-Al2O3. The latter justifies the similar behavior of Cu(1)-Al2O3) and Cu(2)-Al2O3 in the selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 where these catalysts exhibit a conversion of NH3 to N2 of the order of 100% at T > 500°C.
Pairwise Control In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Flocking
Authors: Liu Jintao , He Ming , Luo Ling , Liu Qiang , Zou Mingguang
Published: June 2021

Inspired by the natural phenomenon that pair-bonded jackdaws fly together within a flock, a new cooperative model and control method with pairwise structure in the swarm flocking is proposed to perform proximity missions such as air refueling, data exchange and coordinated operations of two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm. A noval square-law error sliding mode surface and variable structure sliding mode controller are proposed, so that any two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm could converge to a specified relative distance. Based on this, the distributed control protocol is designed that integrates pairwise distance control and flocking control. It enables unmanned aerial vehicles to be paired in the swarm without disrupting the consensus of the entire swarm. Finally, two theorems are proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. The distance between paired unmanned aerial vehicles is exponentially convergent, and the swarm flocking is collision free. Swarm flight simulations based on particle motion model with number from 20 to 100 are respectively presented, as well as 10 unmanned aerial vehicles swarm flight simulations with quadrotor dynamics model. The simulation experiments have sufficiently verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The results show that distance control could still be achieved in the extreme case that the paired unmanned aerial vehicles are at the farthest corners of the swarm.
An Implementation Blueprint for How to Start Interprofessional Behavioral Health Integration in A Healthcare System: Balancing Patient Needs, Organizational Readiness for Change, Institutional Priorities, and Training Needs.
Authors: Riley Kristen E. , Ghassemzadeh Sara , Terhune James , Fluehr Melissa , Buschmann Maia L. , Rouzitalab Sheila
Published: June 2021

Background

Poor health behaviors are epidemic and lead to chronic disease. Further, there are already hundreds of behavioral health interventions that have shown efficacy for preventing chronic diseases long term. These services are not yet widely available to patients, especially those at high risk for developing chronic diseases: Health disparities exist by race, ethnicity, income, gender, sexual orientation, mental health status, and area. Additionally, mental health issues are also highly prevalent and largely untreated and can be a barrier to preventative care. In recent years, there has been in a movement towards integrating mental health professionals who do behavioral health medicine into primary care and medical clinics to increase access. While this behavioral health integration has been shown to lead to better patient outcomes and decreased costs, and while this practice is growing in popularity, still very few healthcare systems are utilizing this model. While there are implementation science studies for integrating into a single clinic, no dissemination and implementation study to our knowledge has developed a strategy for integration across a large healthcare system.
Methods

We used four surveys of opinion leaders (N = 12), clinic providers (N = 15), hospital administrators (N = 2), and D&I scientists (N = 27), to asked about barriers and facilitators to integration, as well as: patient need, organizational readiness for change, and student training needs for a sustainable model for integration.
Results

We learned about key barriers and facilitators to integration within this healthcare system. Importantly, we extrapolated or coded numeric values for each clinic for patient need, organizational readiness for change, and student training needs, creating a priority score for each clinic. When we begin integration, we will start with integrating the most-ready clinic with the most in-need patients and the most perceived student-training need, and move down there. With this process, we created a novel implementation science system for identifying and prioritizing clinics for integration, barriers and facilitators in each clinic, and draw from published work and established models in the field (ORIC, Dynamic Sustainability, RE-AIM).
Conclusions

This study provides a blueprint for other healthcare systems to create a plan for sustainable integration of psychological services into medical settings for the benefit of healthcare systems, patients, and public health.