bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CYSTIC HYGROMA AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS: ABOUT A CASE
Authors: Almonacid I. , Zuleta P. , Neri C. , Zannin A. , Garzón M. , Dorado J. , Medina F. , Celis L.G.
Published: August 2021

The cystic hygroma is the malformation of the lymphatic system that is most frequently observed in the prenatal period and is located mainly in the neck and/or the nape of the neck. Its detection rate has increased since the implementation of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester of pregnancy and its presence has been associated with congenital abnormalities, aneuploidies, pregnancy loss, and developmental disorders. The aim of this case is to highlight the importance of antenatal diagnosis of cystic hygroma in order to perform early intervention and avoid fetal death. It is received, for anatomopathological study, a fetus of undetermined sex product of the first pregnancy of a 19 year-old mother without previous prenatal controls, with the presence of a large cystic mass that extends from the face to the neck. The histological study confirms the diagnosis of cystic hygroma. As there was no karyotype analysis, it was not possible to establish the preexistence of any genetic abnormality. Also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a benign vascular tumor whose antenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography is essential in the evolution and prognosis of the disease. Unfortunately in our case, the lack of prenatal controls and the absence of ultrasonographic studies that would allow knowing the characteristics of this lymphangioma, could significantly impact in the fatal outcome.

Key words: lymphangioma; prenatal diagnosis; fetal nuchal translucency.
Covid-19 Hastalığında Gelişen Sitokin Salınım Sendromunda CPFA ve Tosilizumab Tedavilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ERTÜRK Tuna , GÜVEN Bülent Barış , EDİZ Caner , KESİCİ Sevgi , ERSOY Aysin
Published: August 2021

Amaç
İlk olarak Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından SARS-CoV-2 olarak adlandırılan yeni koronavirüs, Covid-19 hastalığına neden oldu ve küresel ölçekte bir pandemi başlattı. Başlangıçta hipoksik solunum yetmezliği ile kendini gösteren hastalık, vücuttaki tüm sistemleri de etkileyerek multiorgan yetmezliğine ve ölüme sebebiyet veren progresif bir gelişim gösterdi. Özellikle şiddetli progresyon gösteren Covid-19 olgularında kontrolsüz sitokin üretimi gözlenmekte ve bu durumun artmış mortalitenin nedenlerinden biri olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Covid-19 hastalığı nedeniyle yoğun bakımımızda yatmakta olan ve SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün tetiklediği kontrolsüz sitokin üretimi sonrası sitokin salınım sendromu ve/veya sitokin fırtınası geliştiğini düşündüğümüz hastalara Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption(CPFA) ve Tosilizumab tedavileri uyguladık. Çalışmamızda bu tedavilerin etkinliklerini, geriye dönük dosya ve arşiv taraması üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve Metod
Çalışmamızın etik kurul onayı, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hamidiye Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan 17/06/2020-18521 sayılı yazı ile alınmıştır. Çalışmamıza Covid-19 hastalığı sebebiyle Şubat-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakım ünitemizde yatmış, sitokin salınım sendromu ve/veya sitokin fırtınası geliştiği düşünülmüş ve tedavi amacıyla CPFA veya Tosilizumab uygulanmış hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışmamız her tedavi grubundan 20’şer hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak taranarak planlandı.
CPFA uygulamaları, her seans 10 saat olacak şekilde ve 12 saat ara verilmek suretiyle 2 seans olarak yapılmıştır. Tosilizumab uygulaması 8 mg/kg dozdan, maksimum 800 mg olacak şekilde, 1 saatlik sürede intravenöz yoldan yapılmıştır.
CPFA ve Tosilizumab uygulamaları başlamadan hemen önce, uygulamalar sonrası 24. saat, 48. saat ve 7. gün ölçülen ve hesaplanan SOFA skorları, Horowitz index değerleri (PaO2/FiO2), ateş değerleri, inotrop varlığı, SpO2 ve ilgili birtakım laboratuvar değerleri(IL-6, Lenfosit sayısı, CRP, D-dimer) dosyalarından ve sistemsel verilerden temin edildi.
Bulgular
CPFA ve Tosilizumab tedavileri sonrası ateş ve IL-6 değerlerinde düşme, SpO2 ve lenfosit değerlerinde artış, Horowitz ve SOFA skorlarında artış, CRP ve D dimer değerlerinde azalma izlenmiştir. SpO2 ve Horowitz skoru değerlerinde artış CPFA grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. 7. günün sonunda ateş değerlerinde düşme ve SOFA skorlarında artış ile CRP - D dimer değerlerinde düşme CPFA grubunda anlamlı olarak daha belirgindi. İnotrop desteğinde azalma CPFA grubunda izlendi.
Sonuç
Covid-19 hastalığında bağışıklık sisteminin etkilenmesi sonrası gelişen sitokin salınım sendromu ve/veya sitokin fırtınası ile hastalık daha ağır seyretmektedir. CPFA ve Tosilizumab tedavileri ile inflamatuar sitokin üretimi kontrol altına alınarak, hastaların oksijenizasyonunda ve klinik bulgularında düzelmeler sağlanmıştır.
Percepción del síndrome de Hubris en una muestra de empleados en Puerto Rico
Authors: Colón-Negrón Miguel Ángel , Rosario-Rodríguez Adam , Cruz-Santos Andrés
Published: August 2021

En esta investigación se analizó la percepción de la existencia del síndrome de Hubris y su relación con el síndrome de Cronos y los estilos de liderazgo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 298 trabajadores en Puerto Rico entre 21 a 64 años. Se administró la Escala de Percepción del Síndrome de Hubris (PSH-25), la Escala de Percepción del Síndrome de Cronos y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Liderazgo (CELID-S). Se identificaron cuatro factores: aspecto narcisista y exaltación de la autoimagen (α = .94), trato y consideración hacia sus subordinados (α = .94), cercanía o aislamiento del líder respecto de sus subordinados (α = .91) y sentimiento de grandiosidad del líder (α = .85). Por último, se encontró que el síndrome de Hubris se correlaciona tanto con el síndrome de Cronos como con los estilos de liderazgo.
Propiedades psicométricas del Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-11) en Argentina: Un instrumento para monitoreo y feedback en psicoterapia
Authors: Gómez-Penedo Juan Martín , Areas Malenka Alejandra , Manubens Rocío , Babl Anna Margarete , Challú Laura , Juan Santiago , Muiños Roberto , Fernández-Álvarez Javier , Alalú Nicolás , Roussos Andrés , Lutz Wolfgang , Martin grosse-Holtforth Martin grosse-Holtforth
Published: August 2021

No se han encontrado instrumentos breves válidos en Argentina para monitorear sintomatología psicológica en psicoterapia. Este trabajo presenta la adaptación argentina del Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-11) y estudia sus propiedades psicométricas. Una muestra de 356 participantes completó la adaptación del HSCL-11 junto con medidas de depresión, ansiedad y bienestar. Se computaron el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y correlaciones ítem-total corregidas. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se estudiaron sus correlaciones con las otras medidas y se analizaron las diferencias en HSCL-11 entre pacientes y no pacientes de terapia. Se observaron evidencias de adecuada consistencia interna y homogeneidad de ítems, así como también de validez de constructo, validez concurrente y validez de criterio. Los resultados mostraron evidencias deconfiabilidad y validez de la versión argentina del HSCL-11, sugiriendo que podría representar un instrumento valioso para la evaluación y el tratamiento de patologías mentales en el país.
Más allá de la bidimensionalidad del papel
Authors: Mínguez-García Hortensia
Published: August 2021

Si queremos comprender cómo se han venido explorando las posibilidades volumétricas y creativas del papel, es importante estudiar disciplinas artísticas como el grabado, ya que fue a partir de ella desde dónde la comunidad artística comenzó a romper con la bidimensionalidad del papel. Bajo esta tesitura, el presente texto tiene como objetivo aventurarse en el ejercicio de rastrear cómo, a través del grabado, los artistas experimentaron con el papel, utilizándolo primero como soporte de reproducción de imágenes, para, gradualmente, pasar a ser una fuente de experimentación y, finalmente, la pieza de arte en sí. En este sentido, partiremos del siglo X, con el gofrado en seco, para hablar del manejo de la pulpa de papel en el grabado contemporáneo.
Value supported decision-making in paper conservation
Authors: Almada Márcia , Zervos Spiros
Published: August 2021

This research announcement outlines the fundamentals, initial reflections, objectives, and methodology of a research project developed jointly by the University of West Attica, Greece, and the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It presents the variability of the concept of value in the context of the preservation of cultural assets, the diversity of the terminology and the scarcity of specific discussions in the area of paper conservation. It outlines the conceptual contribution based on the relationship between values, historical evidence, and layers of data in cultural objects, as well as on the impact of conservation procedures on their interconnections. Finally, this article supports both the societal and material approach to decision-making in preservation and conservation through the interdisciplinary investigation of paper-based objects to understand them as complex artefacts.
Analisis Kemampuan Penalaran dan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Ditinjau Dari Asal Sekolah
Authors: Suharti Suharti , Sulasteri Sri , Hairunnisa Hairunnisa
Published: August 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan penalaran, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kemampuan penalaran dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa ditinjau dari asal sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi dengan desain urutan penemuan. Sumber data dari penelitian ini ialah mahasiswa angkatan 2018 semester II dari Jurusan Pendidikan Matematika UIN Alauddin Makassar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan baik kemampuan penalaran matematis maupun kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa berada pada kategori sedang, sementara faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kedua kemampuan tersebut diantaranya adalah rasa malas, pendekatan belajar, dan ketidaktertarikan pada matematika.
The Enhancement of Students Mathematical Communication Ability Through RME-Textbook
Authors: Rahmawati Suwanto Fevi , Wijaya Ariyadi
Published: August 2021

This study was a research and development used ADDIE model aimed to produce mathematics textbook for 8th-grade students by applying five principles of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach, included: phenomenological exploration, bridging by vertical instruments, self-reliance with students own constructions and productions, interactivity, and intertwining. The subject in this study involved 30 students' junior high school in Yogyakarta. The qualities of the developed textbook refer to three criteria, namely validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Supporting instruments used to examine three criteria for the quality of the textbook were validation sheets, assessment sheets for teachers and students, and students' mathematical communication ability test. The textbook meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness if at least "good" from the results of validator assessments, the results analysis from teachers and student assessments, and at least 75% of the students' mathematical communication ability test results. Based on the results of this study, the developed textbook has met the criteria of validity (very good), practicality (very good by the teacher and good by students), and effectiveness (good for 86.67%). Therefore, developing textbooks is suitable to use as an alternative to enhance the students' mathematical communication ability.
The Implementation of Ethnomathematics Based-Learning for Students
Authors: Cahya Sari Putra Eka , Nur Mahmudah Fitri
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to find out about ethnomatematics learning among students majoring in mathematics education at Yogyakarta State University, as well as to what extent students' understanding, especially in applying ethno-mathematics in a learning process in the classroom. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of case study, the object of research was one class of mathematics education students at Yogyakarta State University consisting of 31 students. The results of the study provide information that students understand ethnomatematics but are still constrained by the implementation of learning. Students are constrained in preparing lesson plans and teaching materials where they are still unable to integrate cultural material into the mathematics material.
PELATIHAN IDENTIFIKASI FORMALIN DAN BORAKS PADA MAKANAN SECARA SEDERHANA DI KELURAHAN PAMIJEN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Fitriana Adita Silvia , Royani Sri
Published: August 2021

Formalin and borax are dangerous chemicals that are often misused as food preservatives. Various inspections have been carried out to minimize the use of formalin and borax in food, but there are still many formalin and borax in foods. The community, especially housewives, should have the ability to identify the presence of formalin and borax in food in order to protect family members from the exposure of those chemicals. Housewives in Pamijen Sub-District do not have knowledge and skills to identify formalin and borax content in food yet. Through this community service program, housewives in Pamijen Sub-District are expected to be able to test formalin and borax content in food independently. The program began with counseling about the food characteristics that contains formalin and borax; and the impact on health. This program continued with training on how to identify and practicing on how to detect formalin and borax in some food samples with a simple and an easy method. The results indicate that this program can increase patricipants’ knowledge about formalin and borax; and skills to identify them.

Keywords: preservatives, formalin, borax, food
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE USE OF ZOOM AND WHATSAPP IN ELT AMIDST COVID19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Suadi Suadi
Published: August 2021

During the Covid19 pandemic, online learning platforms are solutions to sustain the English Language Teaching (ELT). It is an appropriate platforms option for lecturers to deliver the course materials amidst the covid19 outbreak. Some of the most frequently used platforms are Zoom and WhatsApp. The purpose of this study is to describe the EFL university students’ perceptions of the use of Zoom and WhatsApp in ELT. A virtual class in form of Zoom and WhatsApp was created to enable students to remotely attend the class and at the same time to keep in line with the covid19 health protocol. This study involved 53 students as respondents. The data were obtained through online-based questionnaire and were analyzed based on a mixed method approach by combining quantitative and qualitative method. The result revealed that the virtual class of ELT for EFL University students in form of Zoom and WhatsApp was considered positive by the learners. Although the availability and slow speed internet connection were being problems to use them in ELT, they were also rated effective and efficient in terms of time, place and expense. Moreover, learners agreed that those two online platforms can help them to improve language skills and to reduce shyness in virtual class interaction.
Effect of Collaborative Writing Combined with Blog Online Learning on Indonesian EFL Learners’ Writing Skill across Motivation
Authors: Rahayu Rizki Anugrah Putri
Published: August 2021

Abstract:

 

This study aims to investigate collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing skill of Indonesian English foreign language (EFL) learners’ across their motivation. This research included a quasi experimental with the comparative time series. A quasi experimental study was employed by involving 61 learners of Senior High School. This research applied in into two groups: experimental and control. The treatment was conducted at 7 sessions, including the pre-test and post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test in writing were used as a base of quantitative data analysis whereas the learners’ responses to motivation questionnaire were used to categorize their motivation. The result revealed that the collaborative writing combined with blog online learning on the writing was effective to enhance the learners’ writing skill. In addition, to apply the combination of collaborative writing and online blog learning, teacher should not worry about different levels of motivation among students where the students were motivated to use language.
The Realization of Brown’s Theory of Assessing Reading on Reading Section of English National Examination
Authors: Nufus Zahratun , Ifadloh Nur
Published: August 2021

This study is concerned with the realization of Brown’s theory of assessing reading on the English national examination. This study focused on the English national examination for junior high schools in the academic year 2018/2019. It aimed to know what types of assessing reading were used and what the most dominant types were used on the English national examination based on the realization of Brown’s theory. The qualitative approach was employed. The method of analysis used was descriptive research. Based on the data analysis, there was only one type of the four types of reading assessment which was implemented on the English national examination. It was interactive reading. The tasks which were used in interactive reading are impromptu reading plus comprehension question as many as 49 questions which are included in 17 texts and ordering tasks as many as 1 question which was included into 1 text. All of them were spread into 17 texts. The most dominant type of assessing reading was interactive reading (50 questions) which consisted of 49 questions of impromptu reading plus comprehension questions and 1 question of ordering tasks.
Estudios de economía aplicada
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Andrade Agudelo Doris Lilia , Coral García Alejandro ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Soto Delgado Anderson ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Vejarano Andrea ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Fajardo Daza Daniel ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Ramírez Danna Colombia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Obregón Morales Johyner ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Tascón Duque José Miguel ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Álvarez Correa Juan Fernando ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Valencia Buenaventura Juan Fernando ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Durán Peralta Julián ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Peña Ríos Leonardo ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Vargas Marlyn Vanessa ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Guerrero Cortés Mayerlin ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Rodríguez Vélez Patricia ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Vergara Flórez Raquel ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Castillo Tabares Rubén ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Bonilla Cárdenas Santiago ,   Universidad Santiago de Cali
Published: August 2021

Con enorme agrado, la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la Universidad Santiago de Cali y el programa de Economía, entregan a la comunidad santiaguina y al público en general, el libro Estudios de Economía Aplicada, elaborado con el apoyo de la Dirección General de Investigaciones (DGI), y su grupo editorial, del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Desarrollo Regional (CEIDER), del Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo Económico y Economía Internacional (GIDEEI), de los docentes y estudiantes autores de los capítulos incluidos en el presente libro, y finalmente, de los pares evaluadores quienes de una manera solidaria y profesional colaboraron con sus observaciones y recomendaciones.
Educar-nos + Leer-nos = permanencia en la universidad
Authors: Giraldo Ramírez Germán , Zamudio Tovar Gladys , Medina Ágredo Patricia
Published: August 2021

Esta investigación está encaminada a mostrar algunas situaciones de deserción, paso obligado para desarrollar el proyecto Procesos de comprensión lectora y Programa de Permanencia Estudiantil PIPE en la Universidad Santiago de Cali, que se propuso para diseñar e implementar estrategias desde el Área de Lenguaje1 , teniendo en cuenta que en ella se consolidan los cursos comunes de Comprensión y Producción Textual I y II, cuyo carácter es obligatorio para todos los programas acad. Este fenómeno de la deserción se presenta en los diferentes niveles de las instituciones educativas, pero cada una de ellas –por iniciativa propia o siguiendo las directrices del MEN (Ministerio de Educación Nacional)- tiene la responsabilidad de generar estrategias para reducir los casos de abandono de los proyectos académicos de sus estudiantes. La Universidad Santiago de Cali también se suma a la autoevaluación, indagación y resolución de problemáticas atinentes a la deserción académica. Los estudios realizados al respecto en esta institución educativa mostraron, como resultado, que el segundo indicador de deserción académica lo representa la dificultad para acceder al conocimiento por deficiencias en los procesos de comprensión lectora, razón por la cual se reflejó un alto porcentaje de estudiantes que se retiran por no comprender los textos que les entregan sus profesores.
Learning From How Human Correct
Authors: Guo Tong
Published: August 2021

In industry NLP application, our manually labeled data has a certain number of noisy data. We present a simple method to find the noisy data and relabel them manually, meanwhile we collect the correction information. Then we present novel method to incorporate the human correction information into deep learning model. Human know how to correct noisy data. So the correction information can be inject into deep learning model. We do the experiment on our own text classification dataset, which is manually labeled, because we relabel the noisy data in our dataset for our industry application. The experiment result shows that our method improve the classification accuracy from 91.7% to 92.5%. The 91.7% baseline is based on BERT training on the corrected dataset, which is hard to surpass.
A Framework for Generating Evasion Attacks for Machine Learning based Network Intrusion Detection Systems
Authors: Mogg Raymond , Enoch Simon , Kim Dong Seong
Published: August 2021

Intrusion Detection
System (IDS) plays a vital role in detecting anomalies and cyber-attacks in
networked systems. However, sophisticated attackers can manipulate the IDS’
attacks samples to evade possible detection. In this paper, we present a
network-based IDS and investigate the viability of generating interpretable
evasion attacks against the IDS through the application of a machine learning
technique and an evolutionary algorithm. We employ a genetic algorithm to
generate optimal attack features for certain attack categories, which are
evaluated against a decision tree-based IDS in terms of their fitness
measurements. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we perform
experiments based on the NSL-KDD dataset and analyze the algorithm performance.
Deep Emotion Recognition using Facial, Speech and Textual Cues: A Survey
Authors: Zhang Tao , Tan Zhenhua
Published: August 2021

With the development of social media and human-computer interaction, it is essential to serve people by perceiving people's emotional state in videos. In recent years, a large number of studies tackle the issue of emotion recognition based on three most common modalities in videos, that is, face, speech and text. The focus of this paper is to sort out the relevant studies of emotion recognition using facial, speech and textual cues based on deep learning techniques due to the lack of review papers concentrating on the three modalities. In this paper, we firstly introduce widely accepted emotion models for the purpose of interpreting the definition of emotion. Then we introduce the state-of-the-art for emotion recognition based on unimodality including facial expression recognition, speech emotion recognition and textual emotion recognition. For multimodal emotion recognition, we summarize the feature-level and decision-level fusion methods in detail. In addition, the description of relevant benchmark datasets, the definition of metrics and the performance of the state-of-the-art in recent years are also outlined for the convenience of readers to find out the current research progress. Ultimately, we explore some potential research challenges and opportunities to give researchers reference for the enrichment of emotion recognition-related researches.
Sustainability mindset: a challenge for educational professions?
Authors: Del Gobbo Giovanna
Published: August 2021

Sustainability Mindset: una sfida per le professioni educative?
Book Review [Going Dark: The Secret Social Lives of Extremists by Julia Ebner, published by Bloomsbury Publishing, (London, 2020)]
Authors: Nicola Macaulay
Published: August 2021

This is a book review of the book by Julia Ebner (2020), Going Dark: The Secret Social Lives of Extremists, Bloomsbury Publishing.

Published - 20 Feb 2020
Published by - Bloomsbury Publishing (London, 2020)
Format - Hardback
ISBN - 9781526616784
368 pages

Reviewed by Nicola Macaualy

Julia Ebner is a journalist and research fellow at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue in the United Kingdom. Her expertise in online networking and communications methods of right-wing extremism informs a number of advisory groups, governments, NATO, the UN and the World Bank and has also resulted in several publications to date. This thought-provoking book titled ‘Going Dark’ is Ebner’s latest release and highlights key social and technological drivers behind modern-day political activism, radicalisation and terrorism online and is written in a style that is both compelling and easy to follow. As such it is equally accessible to passively interested readers as well as researchers and those employed in cyber security and counterterrorism.
Sauveur Galliéro et la Génération du Môle :
Authors: Haddag Lydia
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the question of identity issues underpinned in the affirmation of an Algerian painting through the figure of Sauveur Galliéro (1914-1963). As a self-taught artist and leader of the "Generation of the Môle of Algiers," he was a major intercessor between European and indigenous communities. At the heart of artistic, political and social issues, he holds a singular and plural position. The personal archives of the artist and a review of the colonial press allow us to analyze the reception of his work between Paris and Algiers, with the assumption that it bears the seeds of an open “Algerianity”. Free of any colonialist perspective, taking up elements of North African and European traditions, it is indeed anchored in a local and universal topos: the artist's relationship to the sea.
HUMANIZATION OF BODY PENALTIES APPLIED TO THE MINISTERS OF THE CHURCH
Authors: Логунова Любовь Евгеньевна
Published: August 2021

В XVIII в. служители церкви, не преодолев еще существующих ранее сложностей, вынужденно столкнулись с новыми проблемами в виде непростых отношений со светской государственной властью. Священнослужители, являясь на тот момент обособленной сословной группой, во многом привилегированной, в то же время наказывались за отдельные проступки и преступления наравне с представителями податных сословий российского общества, в том числе и телесно. Болезненные телесные наказания в рассматриваемый период были широко применимы и разнообразны: битье кнутом, битье розгами, битье плетьми, битье шелепами, битье шпицрутенами, битье батогами и т. д. Цели назначения и применения телесных наказаний также разнились: одних наказывали с целью воспитания, наказывая других, пытались устрашить, в некоторых случаях наказание несло функцию превенции и т. п. Законодатель в рассматриваемый исторический период увидел в существующей практике применения телесных наказаний противоречие между важной социальной ролью, определяемой государством и церковью для церковнослужителей и их реальным положением в социуме. Анализ путей преодоления законодателем и церковной властью этого противоречия и явился целью настоящего исследования.

In the XVIII century, the ministers of the church, not having overcome the difficulties that still existed earlier, were forced to face new problems, in the form of difficult relations with the secular state power. The clergy, being at that time, a separate class group, largely privileged, at the same time, were punished for individual offenses and crimes on an equal basis with representatives of the taxable classes of Russian society, including physically. Painful corporal punishments in the period under review were widely applicable and varied: whipping, whipping with rods, whipping with whips, whipping with shelepami, whipping with shpitsruten, whipping with batogami, etc. The purpose of the appointment and application of corporal punishment also varied: some were punished for the purpose of education, punishing others, trying to intimidate, in some cases the punishment had the function of prevention, etc. The legislator in the historical period under review saw in the existing practice of the use of corporal punishment a contradiction between the important social role defined by the state and the church for churchmen and their real position in society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ways in which the legislator and the church authorities overcome this contradiction.
Soft sediment deformation structures in Silurian turbidites from North Greenland
Authors: Larsen P.-H.
Published: August 2021

Turbidite beds in the Silurian turbidite sequence, North Greenland, show soft sediment deformation struc­tures suggesting that the structureless (in respect of traction structures) sandstones divisions of the turbidi­tes were deposited by direct suspension sedimentation from high-density flows. The deposits may have re­sulted from multiple successive depositional events within the same turbidity flow. Reworking and shear- ing of the newly formed loosely packed high-density suspension deposits caused by the still moving flow above create secondary soft sediment deformation structures which may be used as current indicators if other structures are absent (e.g. flute casts).
A new type of interpenetration twin of labradorite from East Greenland
Authors: Wenk E. , Glauser A.
Published: August 2021

Labradorite phenocrysts of basaltic rocks collected from the moraine of Daugaard-Jensen Gletscher in Scoresby Sund, East Greenland, have been studied by U-stage methods. lnterpenetrating fourlings after (010) have the axis [001) in common. The (010) planes of the two fourlings form an angle of 38° ± 1° in the example illustrated. Two rectangular planes of symmetry between the two systems intersect in [0(ll], but are not developed as morphological boundary planes. These symmetry planes bring the twin axes of the Albite, Carlsbad and Albite-Carlsbad laws of one fourling into the position of those of the second four­Iing. The same mirror reflection brings the vibration directions na, nf3, ny of each individual of the first fourling into the position of corresponding indicatrix axes of an individual of the second fourling. As a sec­ond interpenetration with common [001) but with an angle of 52° between the planes (010) has been found, we conclude that the coinciding axis [001) is the characteristic feature of this new type of inter­growth.
A geological implication from this study is the proof for the occurrence of basalt in the bed-rock below the ice cap west of Daugaard-Jensen Gletscher, 150 km north of the northernmost extension of the thick pile of plateau basalts of the Brito-Arctic province along the East Coast of Greenland.
Coarsening upward sequences - the products of laterally established river subsystems, M. Devonian, Hornelen Basin, Norway
Authors: Olsen Henrik
Published: August 2021

Investigations of sedimentary sequences in a marginal part of Homelen Basin (M. Devonian, W Norway) have resulted in the interpretation of gradually established fluvial and fluviodeltaic subsystems adjacent to a major river system. A succession of 8 coarsening upward (CU) sequences (4.5---19 m thick) wad studied. Three sequence types are recognized: sequence type A, B and C. The lower part of all sequence types is composed of silty lacustrine flood basin deposits. The upper part of all sequence types is composed of sandy low sinuosity fluvial channel deposits. The middle part of the three sequence types is composed of sandy sheet splay deposits (sequence type A), crevasse splay deposits (sequence type B) and deltaic mouth bar deposits (sequence type C). The genesis og the different types of CU sequences is explained by repeated lateral establishments of fluvial and fluvio-deltaic subsystems adjacent to a major humid fan-like river system. The establishment of the subsystems occurred in four phases: I) Initial fine-grained overbank flows into flood badin lakes. II) Sheet splay flows and/or crevasse splay flows. III) Establishment of distributary channels and associated deltaic mouth bars. IV) Progradation of channel/mouth bar couplets and filling up of the flood basin lakes.
Iridium-bearing Carbon Black at the Cretaceous­Tertiary Boundary
Authors: Hansen H. J. , Gwozdz R. , Rasmussen K. L. , Kunzendorf H.
Published: August 2021

Carbon black has been observed to be the staining agent of the 3.5 m grey chalk underlying the Fish Clay in the Stevns Klint section. We show that carbon black extracted from the grey chalk and Fish Clay has a carbon isotope value significantly different both from the underlying Upper Cretaceous carbon black and from that of Upper Cretaceous charcoal. Carbon black stained bryozoan skeletons in the grey chalk are often seen to encrust on non-stained bryozoan skeletons and vice versa in the same stratigraphic level. This indicates that carbon black deposition took place in pulses during the ea. 50,000 year long grey chalk time interval. The carbon black-stained bryozoan skeletons are found to be rich in Ir as well as in other elements, and we demonstrate that the Ir-carrying phase is not a silicate, but rather the carbon black itself. A volcanic origin is suggested for the Ir-bearing carbon black.
Elevated ad libitum alcohol consumption following continuous theta burst stimulation to the left-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is partially mediated by changes in craving
Authors: McNeill Adam M. , Monk Rebecca L. , Qureshi Adam W. , Makris Stergios , Cazzato Valentina , Heim Derek
Published: August 2021

Previous research indicates that following alcohol intoxication, activity in prefrontal cortices is reduced, linking to changes in associated cognitive processes, such as inhibitory control, attentional bias (AB), and craving. While these changes have been implicated in alcohol consumption behaviour, it has yet to be fully illuminated how these frontal regions and cognitive processes interact to govern alcohol consumption behaviour. The current preregistered study applied continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) to examine directly these relationships while removing the wider pharmacological effects of alcohol. A mixed design was implemented, with cTBS stimulation to right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC) and Vertex, with measures of inhibitory control, AB, and craving taken both pre- and post-stimulation.Ad libitumconsumption was measured using a bogus taste task. Results suggest that rDLPFC stimulation impaired inhibitory control but did not significantly increasead libitumconsumption. However, lDLPFC stimulation heightened craving and increased consumption, with findings indicating that changes in craving partially mediated the relationship between cTBS stimulation of prefrontal regions andad libitumconsumption. Medial OFC stimulation and AB findings were inconclusive. Overall, results implicate the left DLPFC in the regulation of craving, which appears to be a prepotent cognitive mechanism by which alcohol consumption is driven and maintained.
LIÇÕES DA TRANSIÇÃO DO CHILE PARA A GRATUIDADE NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Delisle Jason , Bernasconi Andrés
Published: August 2021

A ampliação do acesso ao ensino técnico e superior é preocupação vigente em diversos países, e suas experiências têm sido debatidas para aperfeiçoar as políticas públicas que visam aprimorar a sustentabilidade financeira (de universidades) e permitir que novos ingressantes alcancem esta etapa do ensino. Nesta edição do boletim Radar, são apresentadas questões conceituais, lições da experiência internacional, as reformas recentes do Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil (Fies), e as linhas gerais de uma proposta de reforma do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec); permeando todos os textos estarão os financiamentos contingentes à renda.
A AGENDA 2030 DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS E AS ENERGIAS RENOVÁVEIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Leão Rafael
Published: August 2021

Em A Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas e as Energias Renováveis no Brasil, é apresentado o trabalho do pesquisador José Mauro de Morais, que elaborou o relatório de acompanhamento do ODS 7, com o objetivo de apresentar uma análise inicial sobre a utilização de energias limpas no Brasil, e verificar se o sistema de fornecimento de
energia oferece serviços a preços acessíveis aos consumidores. O autor também avaliou se o país vem desenvolvendo políticas públicas que estimulem a utilização mais intensiva de energias renováveis, e se estas são coerentes com a implementação das metas acordadas no âmbito da Agenda 2030.
POSSIBILIDADES DE USO DAS COMPRAS PÚBLICAS PARA ALAVANCAR A INOVAÇÃO ENTRE EMPRESAS FORNECEDORAS
Authors: Leão Rafael
Published: August 2021

Em Possibilidades de uso das compras públicas para alavancar a inovação entre empresas fornecedoras, é descrito o trabalho de André Rauen e Bianca de Paiva, que, por meio de técnica estatística de quase-experimento, argumentam que a demanda do setor público, apesar de ser relevante para a geração de emprego e renda, não proporciona
impacto sobre esforço tecnológico das firmas fornecedoras – esforço esse medido pelo quantitativo de pessoal ocupado em áreas científicas e tecnológicas no meio empresarial. Seus achados indicam que a revisão dos marcos legais de compras públicas no Brasil precisa levar em conta de que maneira um orçamento anual na casa das dezenas de bilhões de reais pode incentivar o setor privado a produzir mais inovação.
TAX SUPPORT EVALUATION FOR R&D ACTIVITIES OF COMPANIES
Authors: Cernikova Martina , Hyblerova Sarka
Published: August 2021

The article evaluates the impact of tax support for R&D on the volume of R&D outputs generated by companies. The number of patent applications was chosen as the R&D metric for business output. Both linear dependence using linear regression and non-linear dependence using decision trees were used within the research. The significance of indirect support in the context of other sources of funding R&D activities of companies was primarily assessed. The dependence of the number of patent applications on individual sources of financing of the Business Enterprise Expenditure on R&D was examined. Even after scaling variables, the research in the period under review confirmed the strongest dependence between the number of patent applications and the financial resources provided by the Business enterprise sector for all countries surveyed. Subsequently, the model reduced by the impact of Business enterprise sector resources was created. Of the three remaining variables considered, the analysis showed the strongest dependence of the number of patent applications on the amount of indirect support. The research points to the fact that impact of tax support on the volume of relevant R&D outputs is relatively significant.
A Systematic Search for Outbursting AM CVn Systems with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: van Roestel Jan , Creter Leah , Kupfer Thomas , Szkody Paula , Fuller Jim , Green Matthew J. , Rich R. Michael , Sepikas John , Burdge Kevin , Caiazzo Ilaria , Mróz Przemek , Prince Thomas A. , Duev Dmitry A. , Graham Matthew J. , Shupe David L. , Laher Russ R. , Mahabal Ashish A. , Masci Frank J.
Published: August 2021

AM CVn systems are a rare type of accreting binary that consists of a white dwarf and a helium-rich, degenerate donor star. Using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we searched for new AM CVn systems by focusing on blue, outbursting stars. We first selected outbursting stars using the ZTF alerts. We cross matched the candidates with Gaia and Pan-STARRS catalogs. The initial selection of candidates based on the Gaia BP-RP contains 1751 unknown objects. We used the Pan-STARRS g-r and r-i color in combination with the Gaia color to identify 59 strong AM CVn candidates. We obtained identification spectra of 35 sources, of which 18 are high-priority candidates, and discovered nine new AM CVn systems and one magnetic CV that shows only He-ii lines. Using the outburst recurrence time, we estimate the orbital periods of the nine new AM CVn systems that are in the range of 29–50 minutes. We conclude that targeted follow up of blue, outbursting sources is an efficient method to find new AM CVn systems and we plan to follow up all candidates we identified to systematically study the population of outbursting AM CVn systems.
Molecular Gas in a Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy Group at z = 2.9
Authors: Shen Jeff , Man Allison W. S. , Zabl Johannes , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Stockmann Mikkel , Brammer Gabriel , Whitaker Katherine E. , Richard Johan
Published: August 2021

Most molecular gas studies of z > 2.5 galaxies are of intrinsically bright objects, despite the galaxy population being primarily normal galaxies with less extreme star formation rates. Observations of normal galaxies at high redshift provide a more representative view of galaxy evolution and star formation, but such observations are challenging to obtain. In this work, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12CO(J = 3 → 2) observations of a submillimeter selected galaxy group at z = 2.9, resulting in spectroscopic confirmation of seven images from four member galaxies. These galaxies are strongly lensed by the MS 0451.6-0305 foreground cluster at z = 0.55, allowing us to probe the molecular gas content on levels of 109–1010
M
⊙. Four detected galaxies have molecular gas masses of (0.2–13.1) × 1010
M
⊙, and the nondetected galaxies have inferred molecular gas masses of <8.0 × 1010
M
⊙. We compare these new data to a compilation of 546 galaxies up to z = 5.3, and find that depletion times decrease with increasing redshift. We then compare the depletion times of galaxies in overdense environments to the field-scaling relation from the literature, and find that the depletion time evolution is steeper for galaxies in overdense environments than for those in the field. More molecular gas measurements of normal galaxies in overdense environments at higher redshifts (z > 2.5) are needed to verify the environmental dependence of star formation and gas depletion.
Constraints on Planetesimal Accretion Inferred from Particle-size Distribution in CO Chondrites
Authors: Pinto Gabriel A. , Marrocchi Yves , Morbidelli Alessandro , Charnoz Sébastien , Eugenia Varela Maria , Soto Kevin , Martínez Rodrigo , Olivares Felipe
Published: August 2021

The formation of planetesimals was a key step in the assemblage of planetary bodies, yet many aspects of their formation remain poorly constrained. Notably, the mechanism by which chondrules—submillimetric spheroids that dominate primitive meteorites—were incorporated into planetesimals remains poorly understood. Here we classify and analyze particle-size distributions in various CO carbonaceous chondrites found in the Atacama Desert. Our results show that the average circle-equivalent diameters of chondrules define a positive trend with the petrographic grade, which reflects the progressive role of thermal metamorphism within the CO parent body. We show that this relationship could not have been established by thermal metamorphism alone but rather by aerodynamic sorting during accretion. By modeling the self-gravitational contraction of clumps of chondrules, we show that (i) the accretion of the CO parent body(ies) would have generated a gradual change of chondrule size with depth in the parent body, with larger chondrules being more centrally concentrated than smaller ones, and (ii) any subsequent growth by pebble accretion would have been insignificant. These findings give substantial support to the view that planetesimals formed via gravitational collapse.
Effects of body temperature on initial bite force in three species of rock- and crevice-dwelling lizards from Mexico
Authors: Woolrich-Piña Guillermo A. , Smith Geoffrey R. , Martínez-Méndez Norberto , Lemos-Espinal Julio A. , Gadsden-Esparza Héctor
Published: August 2021

Bite force can be an important aspect of a lizard’s organismal performance, and is likely to be subject to influence by ambient conditions including an individual’s thermal environment. We examined the effects of body temperature (Tb) on initial bite force of rock- and crevice-dwelling individuals of three species of lizards: Abronia graminea (Anguidae), Barisia imbricata (Anguidae), and Xenosaurus fractus (Xenosauridae) from Mexico. In B. imbricata and X. fractus from one site (Xochititan, Puebla) initial bite force was greatest at intermediate Tb. In contrast, X. fractus from a second site (Tlatlauquitepec, Puebla) showed a weak tendency for initial bite force to increase with Tb. Initial bite force in A. graminea was not affected by Tb. Taking our results together, we infer that initial bite force in rock- or crevice-dwelling lizards is often, but not always, related to Tb.
Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Fiorillo Bruno F. , Maciel Jorge Henry , Martins Marcio
Published: August 2021

The natural history of a cerrado snake community in a protected area in southeastern Brazil (Santa Bárbara Ecological Station; SBES) is described. A visual guide and an identification key are also provided to assist researchers and local people in identifying snakes in that region.

Sampling was performed through pitfall traps, time-constrained search, accidental encounters, and observations by local people for two years, which corresponded to 240 days of sampling. Among the 388 individuals found in the field, 33 snake species belonging to 21 genera of seven families were recorded. Most species were restricted or found at least once in non-forest vegetation types (campo sujo, campo cerrado, and cerrado sensu stricto) and a few were restricted to forest habitats (cerradão). Our results show that most species (1) occupy open areas; (2) present both diurnal and nocturnal activity; (3) are primarily terrestrial; (4) include lizards, mammals and/or anurans in the diet; (5) present seasonal reproductive activity; and (6) use mainly visually oriented defensive tactics. Despite its small size (3,154 ha), the SBES harbours preserved habitats and a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna, including threatened species. Furthermore, most of the SBES snakes occur in non-forest environments (54%) and some species are sensitive to habitat disturbance.