bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical oxo-functionalization of cyclic alkanes and alkenes using nitrate and oxygen
Authors: Nikl Joachim , Hofman Kamil , Mossazghi Samuel , Möller Isabel C. , Mondeshki Daniel , Weinelt Frank , Baumann Franz-Erich , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: July 2023

Direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds allows rapid access to valuable products, starting from simple petrochemicals. However, the chemical transformation of non-activated methylene groups remains challenging for organic synthesis. Here, we report a general electrochemical method for the oxidation of C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H bonds, in which cyclic alkanes and (cyclic) olefins are converted into cycloaliphatic ketones as well as aliphatic (di)carboxylic acids. This resource-friendly method is based on nitrate salts in a dual role as anodic mediator and supporting electrolyte, which can be recovered and recycled. Reducing molecular oxygen as a cathodic counter reaction leads to efficient convergent use of both electrode reactions. By avoiding transition metals and chemical oxidizers, this protocol represents a sustainable oxo-functionalization method, leading to a valuable contribution for the sustainable conversion of petrochemical feedstocks into synthetically usable fine chemicals and commodities.
Profiling neuronal methylome and hydroxymethylome of opioid use disorder in the human orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Rompala Gregory , Nagamatsu Sheila T. , Martínez-Magaña José Jaime , Nuñez-Ríos Diana L. , Wang Jiawei , Girgenti Matthew J. , Krystal John H. , Gelernter Joel ,   Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group, Alvarez Victor E. , Benedek David , Che Alicia , Cruz Dianne A. , Davis David A. , Girgenti Matthew J. , Hoffman Ellen , Holtzheimer Paul E. , Huber Bertrand R. , Kaye Alfred , Krystal John H. , Labadorf Adam T. , Keane Terence M. , Logue Mark W. , McKee Ann , Marx Brian , Miller Mark W. , Noller Crystal , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza , Scott William K. , Schnurr Paula , Stein Thor , Ursano Robert , Williamson Douglas E. , Wolf Erika J. , Young Keith A. , Hurd Yasmin L. , Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L.
Published: July 2023

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. While recent research suggests epigenetic disturbances in OUD, this is mostly limited to DNA methylation (5mC). DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC) has been widely understudied. We conducted a multi-omics profiling of OUD in a male cohort, integrating neuronal-specific 5mC and 5hmC as well as gene expression profiles from human postmortem orbitofrontal cortex (OUD = 12; non-OUD = 26). Single locus methylomic analysis and co-methylation analysis showed a higher number of OUD-associated genes and gene networks for 5hmC compared to 5mC; these were enriched for GPCR, Wnt, neurogenesis, and opioid signaling. 5hmC marks also showed a higher correlation with gene expression patterns and enriched for GWAS of psychiatric traits. Drug interaction analysis revealed interactions with opioid-related drugs, some used as OUD treatments. Our multi-omics findings suggest an important role of 5hmC and reveal loci epigenetically dysregulated in OFC neurons of individuals with OUD.
The space cold atom interferometer for testing the equivalence principle in the China Space Station
Authors: He Meng , Chen Xi , Fang Jie , Chen Qunfeng , Sun Huanyao , Wang Yibo , Zhong Jiaqi , Zhou Lin , He Chuan , Li Jinting , Zhang Danfang , Ge Guiguo , Wang Wenzhang , Zhou Yang , Li Xiao , Zhang Xiaowei , Qin Lei , Chen Zhiyong , Xu Rundong , Wang Yan , Xiong Zongyuan , Jiang Junjie , Cai Zhendi , Li Kuo , Zheng Guo , Peng Weihua , Wang Jin , Zhan Mingsheng
Published: July 2023

The precision of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) test using atom interferometers (AIs) is expected to be extremely high in microgravity environment. The microgravity scientific laboratory cabinet (MSLC) in the China Space Station (CSS) can provide a higher-level microgravity than the CSS itself, which provides a good experimental environment for scientific experiments that require high microgravity. We designed and realized a payload of a dual-species cold rubidium atom interferometer. The payload is highly integrated and has a size of $$460\,{\rm{mm}}\times 330\,{\rm{mm}}\times 260\,{\rm{mm}}$$

460

mm
×
330

mm
×
260

mm

. It will be installed in the MSLC to carry out high-precision WEP test experiment. In this article, we introduce the constraints and guidelines of the payload design, the compositions and functions of the scientific payload, the expected test precision in space, and some results of the ground test experiments.
Human alterations of the global floodplains 1992–2019
Authors: Rajib Adnan , Zheng Qianjin , Lane Charles R. , Golden Heather E. , Christensen Jay R. , Isibor Itohaosa I. , Johnson Kris
Published: July 2023

Floodplains provide critical ecosystem services; however, loss of natural floodplain functions caused by human alterations increase flood risks and lead to massive loss of life and property. Despite recent calls for improved floodplain protection and management, a comprehensive, global-scale assessment quantifying human floodplain alterations does not exist. We developed the first publicly available global dataset that quantifies human alterations in 15 million km2 floodplains along 520 major river basins during the recent 27 years (1992–2019) at 250-m resolution. To maximize the reuse of our dataset and advance the open science of human floodplain alteration, we developed three web-based programming tools supported with tutorials and step-by-step audiovisual instructions. Our data reveal a significant loss of natural floodplains worldwide with 460,000 km2 of new agricultural and 140,000 km2 of new developed areas between 1992 and 2019. This dataset offers critical new insights into how floodplains are being destroyed, which will help decision-makers to reinforce strategies to conserve and restore floodplain functions and habitat.
Analysis of Covid-19 data using discrete Marshall–Olkinin Length Biased Exponential: Bayesian and frequentist approach
Authors: Aljohani Hassan M. , Ahsan-ul-Haq Muhammad , Zafar Javeria , Almetwally Ehab M. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz S. , Hussam Eslam , Muse Abdisalam Hassan
Published: July 2023

The paper presents a novel statistical approach for analyzing the daily coronavirus case and fatality statistics. The survival discretization method was used to generate a two-parameter discrete distribution. The resulting distribution is referred to as the "Discrete Marshall–Olkin Length Biased Exponential (DMOLBE) distribution". Because of the varied forms of its probability mass and failure rate functions, the DMOLBE distribution is adaptable. We calculated the mean and variance, skewness, kurtosis, dispersion index, hazard and survival functions, and second failure rate function for the suggested distribution. The DI index demonstrates that the proposed model can represent both over-dispersed and under-dispersed data sets. We estimated the parameters of the DMOLBE distribution. The behavior of ML estimates is checked via a comprehensive simulation study. The behavior of Bayesian estimates is checked by generating 10,000 iterations of Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, plotting the trace, and checking the proposed distribution. From simulation studies, it was observed that the bias and mean square error decreased with an increase in sample size. To show the importance and flexibility of DMOLBE distribution using two data sets about deaths due to coronavirus in China and Pakistan are analyzed. The DMOLBE distribution provides a better fit than some important discrete models namely the discrete Burr-XII, discrete Bilal, discrete Burr-Hatke, discrete Rayleigh distribution, and Poisson distributions. We conclude that the new proposed distribution works well in analyzing these data sets. The data sets used in the paper was collected from 2020 year.
The Hebrew version of the adolescent and adult time inventory–time attitudes scales (AATI–TA): a validation study
Authors: Sommerfeld Eliane , Mello Zena R. , Worrell Frank C.
Published: July 2023

In the present study, we examined the construct validity of scores on the Hebrew version of the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory–Time Attitudes Scale (AATI–TA). The AATI–TA was translated into Hebrew by bilingual speakers, using the back-translation method. Participants included 452 young adults (Mage = 22.47, SDage = 1.98, 51.5% female). Several measures of psychological well-being were used to establish convergent validity, including scales assessing self-esteem, life satisfaction, and optimism, and depressive, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Internal consistency estimates for AATI–TA scores were high and confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor structure. Correlational analyses indicated the expected relationships between time attitudes and measures of psychological well-being, providing convergent validity support for the AATI–TA scores. The findings of this study support the use of the Hebrew version of the AATI–TA in further studies about time attitudes.
Field performance of three mosquito collection methods for assessing the entomological efficacy of dual-active ingredient long-lasting insecticidal nets
Authors: Yovogan Boulais , Adoha Constantin J. , Akinro Bruno , Accrombessi Manfred , Dangbénon Edouard , Sidick Aboubakar , Ossè Razaki , Padonou Gil G. , Messenger Louisa A. , Fassinou Arsène , Sagbohan Hermann W. , Agbangla Clément , Djènontin Armel , Odjo Esdras M. , Ngufor Corine , Cook Jackie , Protopopoff Natacha , Sovi Arthur , Akogbéto Martin C.
Published: July 2023

Selection of mosquito collection methods is of crucial importance to evaluate the impact of vector control tools on entomological outcomes. During a cluster randomised control trial evaluating the relative efficacy of two dual-active ingredient (a.i.) long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs, we assessed the performance of different mosquito collection methods: Human landing catches (HLC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps, and pyrethrum spray catches (PSC). Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using three collection methods in 4 houses, in each of the 60 trial clusters at baseline and every quarter for 24 months using PSCs and HLCs, while CDC light traps were performed during two quarters only. Mean density of vectors collected per method per night was the highest with HLCs (15.9), followed by CDC light traps (6.8); with PSCs (1.1) collecting 10 times less mosquitoes than HLCs. All three collection methods collected fewer mosquitoes in the Interceptor G2® dual a.i. arm, compared to the other trial arms, although only HLCs and PSCs demonstrated strong evidence of this due to a greater number of collection rounds undertaken, than CDC light traps. The broadly similar results regarding the differential impact of the two dual a.i. LLINs showed by the three collection methods suggest that the more ethically acceptable, cheaper, and logistically simpler methods such as CDC light traps could be prioritised for use in large community trials for measuring the efficacy of vector control tools.
Microscale dynamics promote segregated denitrification in diatom aggregates sinking slowly in bulk oxygenated seawater
Authors: Ciccarese Davide , Tantawi Omar , Zhang Irene H. , Plata Desiree , Babbin Andrew R.
Published: July 2023

Sinking marine particles drive the biological pump that naturally sequesters carbon from the atmosphere. Despite their small size, the compartmentalized nature of particles promotes intense localized metabolic activity by their bacterial colonizers. Yet the mechanisms promoting the onset of denitrification, a metabolism that arises once oxygen is limiting, remain to be established. Here we show experimentally that slow sinking aggregates composed of marine diatoms—important primary producers for global carbon export—support active denitrification even among bulk oxygenated water typically thought to exclude anaerobic metabolisms. Denitrification occurs at anoxic microsites distributed throughout a particle and within microns of a particle’s boundary, and fluorescence-reporting bacteria show nitrite can be released into the water column due to segregated dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite. Examining intact and broken diatoms as organic sources, we show slowly leaking cells promote more bacterial growth, allow particles to have lower oxygen, and generally support greater denitrification.
Coagulants and Starter Cultures
Authors: Powell Ian B.
Published: July 2023

The conversion of milk into cheese relies on a complex set of (bio)chemical events and manufacturing processes. The details vary depending on the type of cheese being made and on the level of technological sophistication being used by the cheesemaker, though the key stages of coagulation, draining, acidification and maturation are shared by most cheese types. This chapter addresses the roles of coagulants and bacterial starter cultures in cheesemaking.
Nonstarter Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cheese
Authors: Guo Ling , Liu Biqi
Published: July 2023

Non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) are a special microbial flora that exists in all natural cheeses. They contribute little to acid production and curd in the process of cheese production, but in the process of cheese ripening they make important contributions to the flavour formation and texture change of cheese through the metabolism of residual lactose, lactate and citrate, lipolysis, and proteolysis. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to analyse the effect of NSLAB on cheese flavour and texture during cheese maturation, and explain the classification, source, screening, and functional characteristics of NSLAB, as well as their advantages as adjunct cultures. NSLAB provide scientific ideas for studying the quality diversity of cheese.
Chemical probes and methods for the study of protein arginine methylation
Authors: Brown Tyler , Nguyen Terry , Zhou Bo , Zheng Y. George
Published: July 2023

This review provides key updates on the innovation and application of chemical approaches and tools for studying functions of PRMTs and arginine methylation in regulating biology and disease.
A brush-like Cu2O–CoO core–shell nanoarray: an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall seawater splitting
Authors: Xie Lisi , Liu Qian , He Xun , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Sun Shengjun , Farouk Asmaa , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Liu Jun , Kong Qingquan , Sun Xuping
Published: July 2023

A brush-like Cu2O–CoO core–shell nanoarray supported on Cu foam behaves as a high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall seawater splitting, requiring a low cell voltage of 1.82 V to drive 100 mA cm−2.
Superior gravimetric CO2 uptake of aqueous deep-eutectic solvent solutions
Authors: Shukla Shashi Kant , Wang Yong-Lei , Laaksonen Aatto , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: July 2023

A 30% (w/w) [ImCl][EDA]-based deep eutectic solvent in water has demonstrated superior gravimetric CO2 uptake with desirable kinetics, lower regeneration enthalpy, and lesser degradation than the industrially popular 30% monoethanolamine solution.
Cation coordination polyhedra lead to multiple lengthscale organization in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Wei Yihui , Nienhuis Emily T. , Mergelsberg Sebastian T. , Graham Trent R. , Guo Qing , Schenter Gregory K. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Clark Aurora E.
Published: July 2023

Long range features in the pair distribution functions of aq. electrolytes derive from dimer units of connected coordination polyhedra.
Revealing the origin of activity in phthalocyanine-based dual-metal sites towards electrochemical nitric oxide reduction
Authors: Zhu Xiaorong , Yuan Xiaolei , Wang Yijin , Ge Ming , Tang Yanfeng
Published: July 2023

The high-throughput performance of phthalocyanine-based dual-atom catalysts for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction.
Rapid, green disulphide bond formation in water using the corrin dicyanocobinamide
Authors: Spear Alyssa , Orativskyi Oleksandr , Tran Samantha , Zubieta Jon A. , Doyle Robert P.
Published: July 2023

Peptide chemists seek rapid methods combined with facile purification when producing disulphide bonds post solid-phase synthesis.
A transparent room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor on glass: anatase Co-doped TiO2 oriented thin films with improved electrical conduction
Authors: Huang Jiyang , Oka Daichi , Hirose Yasushi , Negishi Masamichi , Fukumura Tomoteru
Published: July 2023

(101)-Oriented anatase Ti0.95Co0.05O2−δ thin films were grown on rigid and flexible glass substrates by using TiO2 seed layers. The thin films exhibited ferromagnetic semiconducting properties comparable to those of epitaxial thin films.
Temperature distribution and the laser performance of LD end-pumped LuYSGG/Er:LuYSGG composite crystal
Authors: Wang Zhentao , Sun Dunlu , Zhang Huili , Luo Jianqiao , Quan Cong , Han Zhiyuan , Qiao Yang , Chen Yuwei , Cheng Maojie
Published: July 2023

The laser performance of the LuYSGG/Er:LuYSGG crystal operated in continuous wave and pulsed modes is greatly enhanced by thermal bonding technology, and mid-infrared laser is obtained with excellent beam quality.
Hydrogenation induced high-temperature superconductivity in two-dimensional W2C3
Authors: Wang Hao , Yin Xin-Zhu , Liu Yang , Li Ya-Ping , Ni Mei-Yan , Jiao Na , Lu Hong-Yan , Zhang Ping
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) W2C3 is a semimetal, but not a superconductor. After hydrogenation, 2D W2C3H2 is a superconductor with high Tc of 40.5 K, exceeding the McMillan limit. By applying 4% biaxial compressive strain, it's Tc can be further boosted to 49.1 K.
Radiation-induced transformations of matrix-isolated ethanol molecules at cryogenic temperatures: an FTIR study
Authors: Zasimov Pavel V. , Sanochkina Elizaveta V. , Tyurin Daniil A. , Feldman Vladimir I.
Published: July 2023

A FTIR study on the radiation chemistry of isolated ethanol molecules in noble gas matrices at 4.4 K revealed the formation of a variety of products due to dehydrogenation as well as C–C and C–O bond cleavage, remarkably dependent on the matrix.
Characterization and dark oxidation of the emissions of a pellet stove
Authors: Florou Kalliopi , Kodros John K. , Paglione Marco , Jorga Spiro , Squizzato Stefania , Masiol Mauro , Uruci Petro , Nenes Athanasios , Pandis Spyros N.
Published: July 2023

Pellet combustion in residential heating stoves has increased globally during the last decade. In this study, environmental simulation chamber experiments were performed to characterize the fresh and aged organic aerosol emitted by a pellet stove.
Hydroxylated organic semiconductors for efficient photovoltaics and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Xuan , Zhao Yue , Ni Yongfeng , Shi Fang , Guo Xin , Li Can
Published: July 2023

Two –OH-based organic semiconductors with long-wavelength absorption and a high LUMO were developed as acceptors in bulk heterojunctions for organic solar cells (a PCE of 16.71%) and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (an EQE of 9.17% at 800 nm).
A strain-reinforcing elastomer adhesive with superior adhesive strength and toughness
Authors: Li Chuanlong , Dong Wenbo , Li Longyu , Dou Zhengli , Li Yuhan , Wei Liuhe , Zhang Qin , Fu Qiang , Wu Kai
Published: July 2023

A strong and ductile polyurethane adhesive with mechano-responsive characteristics is synthesized to exceptionally show the different phenomenon of only interfacial failure yet still exhibiting superior adhesive strength and toughness.
Rationally designed cellulose hydrogel for an ultrasensitive pressure sensor
Authors: Chen Minzhang , Wan Huixiong , Hu Yang , Zhao Fengyan , An Xiaoni , Lu Ang
Published: July 2023

Design and regulation of cellulose hydrogel for boosting sensitivity at the micron and nano levels.
Machine learning assisted-nanomedicine using magnetic nanoparticles for central nervous system diseases
Authors: Tomitaka Asahi , Vashist Arti , Kolishetti Nagesh , Nair Madhavan
Published: July 2023

Machine learning allows the prediction of nanoparticles properties for various biomedical applications and disease detection using image classification. It has the potential to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical research.
Survival of skyrmions along granular racetracks at room temperature
Authors: Castell-Queralt Josep , Abad-López Guillermo , González-Gómez Leonardo , Del-Valle Nuria , Navau Carles
Published: July 2023

The probability density of the survival of skyrmions when travelling along a racetrack is evaluated. The granularity of the track is considered by modeling the grains as local variations of the anisotropy. Room temperature is also considered.
Accelerating reaction modeling using dynamic flow experiments, part 1: design space exploration
Authors: Sagmeister Peter , Schiller Christine , Weiss Peter , Silber Klara , Knoll Sebastian , Horn Martin , Hone Christopher A. , Williams Jason D. , Kappe C. Oliver
Published: July 2023

Using dynamic flow experiments, a predictive reaction model can be rapidly fitted. Here, up to five different input parameters were varied simultaneously, allowing rapid exploration of a reaction design space.
Time-resolved circular dichroism of excitonic systems: theory and experiment on an exemplary squaraine polymer
Authors: Ress Lea , Malý Pavel , Landgraf Jann B. , Lindorfer Dominik , Hofer Michael , Selby Joshua , Lambert Christoph , Renger Thomas , Brixner Tobias
Published: July 2023

A polarization grating is used to create circularly polarized pulses for the study of exciton relaxation in a squaraine polymer. Theory shows that these pulses are able to resolve populations of exciton states with a small dipole strength.
An erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged fluorescent covalent organic framework for starving/nitric oxide/immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yuan Fang , Zhang Cuiling , Luo Xianzhu , Cheng Shasha , Zhu Yingxin , Xian Yuezhong
Published: July 2023

A folic acid-erythrocyte membrane bioengineered fluorescent covalent organic framework was developed for synergistic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer through starvation/NO gas/immunization therapy.
A reusable dual functional Mo2C catalyst for rapid hydrogen evolution by Mg hydrolysis
Authors: Naseem Kashif , Zhong Hao , Jiang Wenbin , Liu Mili , Lang Chengguang , Chen Kang , Ouyang Liuzhang , Huang Jianmei
Published: July 2023

A Mg–Mo2C composite is prepared with excellent hydrogen generation properties by hydrolysis. During Mg hydrolysis, Mo2C enhances the self-hydrolysis of Mg and induces the electrochemical hydrolysis of Mg using its high HER catalytic activity.
Polyaniline induced multi-functionalities in interfacially coupled electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Lingappan Niranjanmurthi , Jeon Insu , Lee Wonoh
Published: July 2023

Interface engineering design is critical to boost the efficiency and durability of electrocatalysts. A polyaniline interfacial layer provided multifunctional properties, which played an important role in boosting catalytic efficiency and tolerance.
An effective strategy for enhancing energy storage density in (Pb1−1.5xGdx)(Zr0.87Sn0.12Ti0.01)O3 antiferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Li Cangjin , Yao Manwen , Yao Xi
Published: July 2023

Antiferroelectric materials play an important role in dielectric energy storage because of their unique phase transition characteristics, high saturated polarization, and almost zero remanent polarization.
Single stop analysis of a protein surface using molecular probe electrochemistry
Authors: Xavier Jewel Ann Maria , Fuentes Isabel , Nuez-Martínez Miquel , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc
Published: July 2023

Two distinctive types of protein interactions modelled on the basis of basic amino acid residues on the protein surface using the anionic ‘small molecule’ probe [o-COSAN]−.
Sequential intervention of anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis with silk fibroin coated polyethylene terephthalate artificial ligaments for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Chen Ni , Jin Wenhe , Gao Han , Hong Jiachan , Sun Luyi , Yao Jinrong , Chen Xin , Chen Jun , Chen Shiyi , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: July 2023

A multilayer drug-loaded regenerated silk fibroin coating on PET artificial ligament with differentiated drug release behavior could sequentially intervene anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
A robust mixed-charge zwitterionic polyurethane coating integrated with antibacterial and anticoagulant functions for interventional blood-contacting devices
Authors: Peng Jinyu , Li Kaijun , Du Yangrui , Yi Feng , Wu Lei , Liu Gongyan
Published: July 2023

A robust CMPU coating with balanced positive and negative charges is applied for interventional blood-contacting devices to combat thrombosis and infection.
Cost‐effective upgrade of the Dutch traction power network: Moving to Bi‐directional and controllable 3 kV DC substations for improved performance
Authors: Panda Nanda Kishor , Poikilidis Michail , Nguyen Phuong H.
Published: July 2023

Traction power networks can significantly influence a country's national grid due to their significant power consumption and numerous coupling points. To modernise the ageing Dutch traction power networks and enhance their impact on the utility grid, this study explores practical and cost‐effective approaches for upgrading existing 1.5 kV DC traction substations (TS) in the Netherlands into 3 kV bi‐directional DC TS. After evaluating the benefits of a 3 kV bi‐directional DC, two novel topologies are proposed that re‐use the existing substation's components and reduce the need for higher investments. These topologies incorporate parallel voltage source converters (VSCs) to recuperate braking energy from the DC grid and transfer it back to the AC grid. Furthermore, the study investigates additional use cases for the VSCs, including improving DC TS's reliability during faults, reducing harmonics through active power filtering, compensating for reactive power, and supporting the integration of renewable energy sources into the DC grid. A comprehensive control strategy for the VSCs is also proposed based on a thorough analysis of their working methodology and functional modes. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solutions are validated through scenario analysis relevant to the Netherlands' traction network, utilising both a Simulink model and an Opal‐RT real‐time simulator. This study serves as a starting point for the various stakeholders of the Dutch traction network in their journey towards modernising the current traction power supply. It has the potential to serve as a reference for reusing existing railway infrastructures to provide ancillary services and support the energy transition.
Significantly enhanced flashover voltage of epoxy in vacuum by graded surface roughness modification
Authors: Haq Inzamam Ul , Wang Feipeng , Akram Shakeel , Ahmed Muneeb , Nazir Muhammad Tariq
Published: July 2023

The flashover strength of epoxy (EP) insulations in the High voltage direct current applications of future energy grids can be improved by tailoring their surface condition. This work aims to improve the DC surface flashover characteristics of EP after being treated with sandpaper of different gradings. Samples with virgin EP and homogenously modified EP considering varying surface roughness (Ra = 0.54, 3.16, 5.24, and 8.35 μm) are prepared. Different experimental characterisations, such as water contact angle, surface intrinsic conductivity, surface voltages, flashover strength, and trap distributions are conducted and evaluated to analyse the difference between virgin and treated EP. Moreover, based on the obtained experimental results of homogenously treated EP and theoretical analysis, the concept of surface functionally graded materials (SFGMs) is put forward. The flashover voltages of homogenously treated EP are augmented significantly compared to virgin EP regardless of the voltage polarity and enhanced by enhancing the surface roughness. The sample TModel‐C with SFGM design shows a 45.02% and 43.75% improvement in the negative and positive flashover voltages than that of the virgin EP. In the end, COMSOL simulations are conducted to justify the experimental findings and to analyse the difference between virgin and modified samples in terms of electric field distribution.
Biological usefulness of raw milk as a factor in obtaining high-quality cheeses
Authors: Buyanova Irina , Shrainer Vladimir
Published: July 2023

Health saving is the main state program and a priority direction of scientific centers in Russia and Kuzbass. Cheese is a unique product representing a concentrate of milk fat and protein of high biological value. In cheesemaking, one of the key issues is the cheese suitability of milk. An analysis of the state of the issue made it possible to identify the purpose of scientific research: to study the technological aspects of obtaining raw milk and to establish ways to improve the properties for potential use in the cheese industry. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: to study the features of the chemical composition, biological usefulness of raw milk in the conditions of the raw material base of the Tomsk region; highlight the main criteria that control the quality of cheeses, overcoming seasonality in obtaining raw materials. The results indicate a greater stability of casein in milk in spring and summer, which will affect the decrease in the rate of its coagulation during rennet coagulation. It was found that summer and winter milk was better in terms of technological properties than in other periods of the year. The properties of milk as a medium for the development of lactic acid bacteria change significantly over the seasons and depending on zootechnical factors. Trace elements are contained in the optimal ratio, and will promote the growth of lactic acid microorganisms of the starter, which will lead to a reduction in the ripening time of the cheese. Milk had high lactose values. It is shown that in the summer period lactose is slowly fermented during the ripening of cheeses and a significant amount of 0.23% lactic acid is formed. The content of citrates in milk was determined, which determine the rate of formation of carbon dioxide by aroma-forming microorganisms Lc. diacetylactis for cheese patterning.
Denaturation of proteins under the influence of ultrasound. Hypothesis
Authors: Tultabayev Mukhtar , Zhumanova Dametken
Published: July 2023

In the food industry, the use of ultrasound as a non-thermal treatment is expanding. Ultrasound is often used at the final stage of food production to improve rheological characteristics and prolong shelf life. However, an increase in temperature during ultrasonic treatment can negatively affect the quality of the final product. An increase in temperature during food processing causes the denaturation of enzymes. For most enzymes of animal origin, the denaturation temperature is 40-50 °C, and for enzymes of plant origin it is 50-60 °C. At the same time, at a temperature of 80 °C and above, all enzymes are destroyed. In this regard, it was very important to investigate possible temperature changes during ultrasonic treatment. The essence of the hypothesis put forward by “Shoman” is the study of the fact that during ultrasonic treatment, thermal effects occur, at which protein denaturation begins. An increase in the temperature values during ultrasonic treatment above the denaturation temperature of proteins confirms our hypothesis. It is established that: 1) with ultrasonic exposure to a two-component oil/ water emulsion, the temperature rises to 83 °C with a duration of exposure of 28 minutes; 2) an increase in the proportion of oil relative to water contributes to an increase in temperature from 74 to 83 °C; 3) with equal oil/water ratios, the content of mineral salts and organic substances in drinking water contributes to an increase in temperature under ultrasonic exposure compared to distilled water. The results obtained are valid for a two-component water-oil emulsion. It is of interest to study the influence of other food components on the dynamics of temperature changes during ultrasonic treatment. I would like to know the opinion of other researchers on the “Shoman” hypothesis.
Development of functional food products based on safflower oil
Authors: Bekturganova Almira , Mukanova Kuralay , Zhumanova Umyt , Tultabayev Bakhtiyar
Published: July 2023

In this article, it is proposed to create a recipe and technology for creating functional food products based on safflower oil with the goal of increasing their culinary value, improving organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators. In the quality of cheese at the production of functional pishchevye emulsion (mayonnaise), it is necessary to use the safflower oil, which is based on the analysis of its pishchevye value and nutritional adequacy of the norms of preventive nutrition. There are ingredients, such as fiber, in the first place, which are necessary for the functioning of the human body. The introduction of fiber increases the yield and biological value of products, improves technological quality, as well as their organoleptic characteristics.
Establishing the regularity of the emulsification process
Authors: Bekturganova Almira , Mukanova Kuralay , Zhumanova Umyt , Tultabayev Bakhtiyar
Published: July 2023

The study is aimed at assessing the influence of the degree of quantitative content of vegetable oil in an aqueous-oily medium on the emulsification process. Safflower oil was chosen as the main ingredient of the oil phase. The degree of quantitative content of safflower oil varied from 20 to 80% in relation to water. The stability of emulsions depends on many factors, including the degree of ultrasonic action, the stability of water-oil emulsions is ensured only if a film forms on the interfacial surface that mechanically prevents the aggregation of particles of the dispersed phase. It is the stabilizing adsorption film, and not the low interfacial tension, that exclude the possibility of fusion of particles of dispersed phases. The production of water-oil emulsions based on various oils, including emulsions used in perfumery, food, petrochemical and other industries. The disadvantage of the above analogues is that the influence of quantitative parameters on the emulsification process has been established and they do not have a set of functional and technological properties necessary for the production of new types of food products. This paper presents the results of the influence of the quantitative parameters of the components on the formation of a water-oil emulsion based on safflower oil under ultrasound exposure. The process of formation of a water-oil emulsion largely depends on the quantitative parameters of the components and the parameters of ultrasonic exposure - the frequency and amplitude of ultrasound, as well as its power. Therefore, establishing the regularity of the emulsification process of a water-oil mixture based on safflower oil using ultrasonic exposure is an urgent task. In connection with the expansion of the scope of ultrasound in the production of various types of emulsions, studies are being conducted on the influence of quantitative parameters of components in the process of ultrasonic treatment on the physico-chemical and rheological parameters of the final product.
Optimization of the protein product formulation based on safflower production waste
Authors: Tultabayev Mukhtar , Zhumanova Dametken
Published: July 2023

The global volume of feed production is growing annually, for example, in 2021 it increased by 2.3%, to about 1.2 billion tons against 1.19 billion tons in 2020. The production of compound feeds is a complex technological process that allows you to obtain a final feed product with the required characteristics from several types of raw materials. The effectiveness of the finished feed depends on its chemical composition, nutritional value, form of release, etc. Each type of feed mixture is made according to a certain recipe, taking into account the type of animal or bird, breed, direction, age and contributes to the maximum disclosure of the genetic potential of an individual. The main indicator of the high quality of compound feeds is their balance in accordance with the needs of animals in irreplaceable nutrition factors. Compliance with this provision ensures a high conversion of compound feeds into livestock products. Therefore, along with the expansion of the feed base at the expense of traditional types of feed, it becomes obvious that there is a need to expand the possibilities of using non-traditional feed products, especially of plant origin. However, there is currently no effective and simple technology for recycling waste after processing oilseeds, which is an effective and simple method with significant innovative potential in the feed industry. One of the promising directions in the development of waste management technology for processing oilseeds is the use of extrusion after rational preparation of this process, which includes an even distribution of waste and valuable components.
The use of topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) syrup to improve the nutritional value and quality of bakery products
Authors: Tyurina Irina , Peshkina Irina , Baluyan Khachatur , Tkachev Elena , Shcherbakov Pavel
Published: July 2023

The paper analyzes the effect of inulooligosaccharide syrup made from topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) in an amount of 5, 10, and 15% by flour weight on organoleptic, physical and chemical quality indicators, nutritional value and storage stability of bakery products made from wheat flour and a mixture of wheat and rye flour. Bread samples from wheat flour were made by straight dough, sponge and dough, and quick dough methods, and samples from a mixture of wheat and rye were made using thick rye sourdough. Bakery products made by different methods with inulooligosaccharide syrup added in the amount of 10 and 15% showed a brighter color of the crust with a sweet flavor compared to the control sample and bakery products made with the addition of 5% syrup. The mass fraction of sugar in bakery products was found to increase on average 2–7 fold in comparison with that in the control sample. The lowest rate of staleness was observed in products made with syrup added in the amount of 15%, baked from wheat flour by the sponge and dough method and those made from a mixture of wheat and rye flour using thick rye sourdough; it amounted to 147 g/day and 140 g/day, respectively. The actual content of inulin in bakery products made with the addition of inulooligosaccharide syrup was 4.9 g for products made from wheat flour, and 5.3 g for products made from a mixture of wheat and rye flour. The daily physiological need for inulin averages 50% for people who consume 100 g of bakery products made with the studied syrup added; therefore, these products can be classified as enriched and functional.
Results of investigations of usage the environmental friendly technology for the air purification in non-industrial buildings
Authors: Vorobjev Konstantin , Chusov Alexandr , Politaeva Natalia , Romanov Mihail , Shchur Alexander
Published: July 2023

Ability of plants to purify contaminated indoor air using vertical hardware-biological complex of recirculating type was studied. Laboratory experiments were made for assessing capability to purify indoor air against different particle size of contaminated air by cigarettes. Comparative analysis of the data obtained with the use of Tradescantia fluminensis Vell and Sansevieria trifasciata was shown. According to the results of laboratory tests and diagnostic status of the air, making the following options by location of vertical hardware-biological complex of recirculating type.
Trends in the development of the bioresource potential of Thalictrum L. in Baikal Siberia
Authors: Belykh Olga
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the modernization of economic development of the Baikal region. The directions of formation of innovative bioresource potential with the use of local plant raw materials are revealed. The biotechnological potential of promising medicinal plants of the genus Thalictrum L. has been studied. The content of microelements and triterpene saponins with cytotoxic and contraceptive properties in plant raw materials from natural and cultivated populations was determined. The data on productivity of Thalictrum minus in culture are presented. Accumulation of biologically active substances according to age states is studied. Morphological characteristics of individuals by years of cultivation are shown. The peculiarities of the species growth in agroculture are described. The attention is paid to the formation of productive features. Phenological spectra allowing to determine the terms of phytomass harvesting are compiled. The possibility of using cell cultures of Thalictrum L. as a source of guaranteed standardized raw materials for pharmaceutical purposes is considered.
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by 2009 H1N1 Influenza during Pregnancy: Success of ECMO for Both the Mother and the Child
Authors: Courouble Patricia , Geukens Paul , Laarbaui Fatima , Beauloye Christophe , Van Caenegem Olivier , Jacquet Luc-Marie
Published: July 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique that provides support to selected patients with severe respiratory failure. During the 2009 H1N1 influenza infection outbreak, ECMO was used with a good impact on survival for pregnant women, who are at higher risk of H1N1 influenza infection. However, there is little information about the survival of fetus post-ECMO therapy in the literature. We present a case report of a pregnant patient with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to 2009 H1N1 influenza treated with ECMO. The outcome was good both for the mother and her fetus. At 1-year follow-up, her child had no neurological or clinical abnormalities. We conclude that ECMO can be used safely during pregnancy with a good neurological and clinical outcome for the fetus.
Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Devices, Techniques and Team Roles: 2011 Survey Results of the United States’ Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Centers
Authors: Lawson Scott , Ellis Cory , Butler Katie , McRobb Craig , Mejak Brian
Published: July 2023

In early 2011, surveys of active Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) centers within the United States were conducted by electronic mail regarding neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) equipment and professional staff. Seventy-four of 111 (67%) U.S. centers listed in the ELSO directory as neonatal centers responded to the survey. Of the responding centers, 53% routinely used roller pumps for neonatal ECMO, 15% reported using centrifugal pumps and 32% reported using a combination of both. Of the centers using centrifugal pumps, 51% reported that they do not use a compliance bladder in the circuit. The majority (95%) of roller pump users reported using a compliance bladder and 97% reported using Tygon® S-97-E tubing in the raceway of their ECMO circuits. Silicone membrane oxygenators were reportedly used by 25% of the respondents, 5% reported using micro-porous hollow fiber oxygenators (MPHF), 70%reported using polymethylpentene (PMP) hollow fiber oxygenators and 5% reported using a combination of the different types. Some form of in-line blood monitoring was used by 88% of the responding centers and 63% of responding centers reported using a circuit surface coating. Anticoagulation monitoring via the activated clotting time (ACT) was reported by 100% of the reporting centers. The use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) was reported by 53% of the responding centers with 82% of those centers using a crystalloid primed circuit to initiate ECPR. A cooling protocol was used by 77% of the centers which have an ECPR program. When these data are compared with surveys from 2002 and 2008 it shows that the use of silicone membrane oxygenators continues to decline, the use of centrifugal pumps continues to increase and ECMO personnel continues to be comprised of multidisciplinary groups of dedicated allied health care professionals.
Successful Management of Membrane Oxygenator Failure during Cardiopulmonary Bypass—The Importance of Safety Algorithm and Simulation Drills
Authors: Soo Alan , Booth Karen , Parissis Haralabos
Published: July 2023

With a high risk to time ratio, the advent of cardiopulmonary bypass has facilitated greater advances in technical procedures in cardiac surgery. This, however, has not come without its own complication risk and previous near misses have been reported with regard to various technical aspects of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. We present a case of a failed membrane oxygenator and discuss the real-life aspects to managing this complication without added risk to the patient.
Validation of a Perfusion Registry: Methodological Approach and Initial Findings
Authors: Paugh Theron A. , Dickinson Timothy A. , Theurer Patricia F. , Bell Gail F. , Shann Kenneth G. , Baker Robert A. , Mellas Nicholas B. , Prager Richard L. , Likosky Donald S. ,   for the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons and the Perfusion Measures and outcomes (PERForm) Registry
Published: July 2023

Although regional and national registries exist to measure and report performance of cardiac surgical programs, few registries exist dedicated to the practice of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We developed and implemented a cardiovascular perfusion registry (Perfusion Measures and outcomes [PERForm] Registry) within the structure of the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons (MSTCVS) to improve our understanding of the practice of CPB. The PERForm Registry comprises data elements describing the practice of CPB. Fourteen medical centers within MSTCVS have voluntarily reported these data on procedures in which CPB is used. We validated the case count among procedures performed between January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011, and validated the values among 20 fields at three medical centers. We queried database managers at all 14 medical centers to identify the infrastructure that contributed to best overall data collection performance. We found that 98% of all records submitted to the PERForm and 95% of those submitted to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) matched. We found quite favorable agreement in our audit of select fields (95.8%). Those centers with the most favorable performance in this validation study were more likely to use electronic data capture, have a perfusionist as the STS database manager, and have involvement of the STS database manager in the PERForm or STS databases. We successfully and accurately collected data concerning cardiovascular perfusion among 14 institutions in conjunction with the MSTCVS. Future efforts will focus on expanding data collection to all MSTCVS participating institutions as well as more broadly outside of Michigan.