bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Oyun Bağımlılık Düzeyine Göre Tüketici Karar Verme Tarzlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOÇOĞLU Duygu
Published: April 2019

Teknolojik
gelişmeler toplumun her alanında etkili olmuş, internet ve çevrimiçi oyun
bağımlılığı literatüre girmiştir. Özellikle gençlerin değişen yaşam tarzları ve
yeni alışkanlıkları, tüketim davranışlarını dolayısıyla tüketici karar verme
tarzlarını etkilemiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin bilgisayar
oyun bağımlılık faktörlerini cinsiyet ve oyun oynama süresine göre incelemek ve
oyun bağımlılık düzeyleri açısından tüketici karar verme tarzlarını
değerlendirmektir. Bu doğrultuda oluşturulan soruları cevaplandırabilmek için,
anket uygulanmış, 314 üniversite öğrencisi ile birebir görüşme sağlanmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda, katılımcıların oyun oynama süresi arttıkça bağımlılık
düzeyinin arttığı görülmüştür. Katılımcıların oyun bağımlılık düzeyine göre,
sadık tüketici ve marka bilinci düzeyi de artmaktadır.
The United Nations and Promoting Sustainable Development
Authors: ERENDOR Mehmet Emin , SUNGURAY Cem
Published: April 2019

With the dissemination of the use of factories and open market principals in the 18th and 19th centuries, people and states started to reach products easily. Although this process eased life, it affected nature and human life severely. More than half-century international communities, like the UN, tried to find solutions to tackle poverty, environmental problems, and scarcity of resources. In 1987 Brundtland Commission report explained the need for united development and environment which then called sustainable development. In the following years fears from terroristic threats and environmental disasters increased so in 2000 Millenium Development Goals were published by the UN along with 22 non-governmental organizations with the aim of providing decent lives and protecting the environment. However, MDG was not successful in fulfilling its targets so at the concluding of it, set of new goals called Sustainable Development Goals were agreed to be implemented under 2030 Agenda with wider-pattern and human-centred approach. Despite SDGs broad approach to the subject, there are still incontrovertible lacks between targets and policies so the main aim of this article is to analyze the short comparison between the MDGs and the SDGs effectiveness and explain why more concrete policies and decentralized mechanisms are needed to accomplish goals.
Kualitas Air dan Beban Limbah Karamba Jaring Apung di Waduk Jatiluhur Jawa Barat
Authors: Anas Pigoselpi , Jubaedah Iis , Sudinno Dinno
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini telah dilakukan mulai bulan April sampai Juli 2016 di Waduk Jatiluhur, Kabupaten Purwakarta. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui status kualitas perairan waduk Jatiluhur yang digunakan untuk budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung dan mengetahui beban limbah yang berasal dari keramba jarring apung. Diharapkan informasi ini dapat ditentukan kualitas perairan waduk jatiluhur dan apakah beban limbah yang berasal dari KJA sudah melampaui kapasitas asimilasi ekosistem waduk tersebut. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Pengambilan sampel untuk kualitas air dilakukan pada beberapa stasiun yang mewakili daerah sekitarnya dan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan pada beberapa stasiun yang mewakili daerah sekitarnya dan pengukuran parameter kualitas air dilakukan secara in situ dan analisis di Laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kualitas perairan waduk jatiluhur berdasarkan “US-EPA” adalah tercemar sedang hampir mendekati tercemar berat dengan nilai -30 kelas C. Beban limbah yang berasal dari keramba jarring apung ketika jumlah keramba yang ada sebanyak 30.000 petak keramba maka limbah Nitrogen dan Fosfor terlarut berturut-turut adalah 2722,65 ton/tahun, 22,40 ton/tahun. Sedangkan partikel Nitrogen dan Fosfor berturut-turut sebesar 418,87 ton/tahun dan 145,65 ton/tahun.
Kajian Budidaya Ikan Nilem (Osteochilus Hasselti) dalam Upaya Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan (Studi di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Jubaedah Iis , Hermawan Aan
Published: April 2019

Kajian tentang budidaya ikan nilem telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui present status dan teknologi pembenihan ikan nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan (observasi) dan wawancara pada aspek budidaya ikan nilem di BPBI Singaparna dan pembudidaya ikan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan observasi lapangan, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam pengembangan budidaya ikan nilem. Luas areal budidaya ikan nilem 111,61 Ha atau 37,22 % ; Persentase nilai produksi ikan nilem pada tahun 2008 sebesar 42,13 % dari total produksi pembenihan ikan air tawar atau sejumlah 679.119.578 ekor; dan sebesar 37,62% dari total produksi pembesaran ikan air tawar atau sejumlah 6.910 ton. Teknologi budidaya khususnya pembenihan ikan nilem sudah berkembang baik dan diaplikasikan oleh pembudidaya. Pembenihan dilakukan secara semi intensif, pada kolam semi permanen dengan menerapkan seleksi induk sedangkan dalam kegiatan pendederan dilakukan secara polikultur pada kolam tanah. Kegiatan konservasi yang dilakukan adalah konservasi ex-situ, yang mencakup pemeliharaan populasi dalam bentuk wadah berupa kolam dan bak, dan konservasi in-situ dengan melakukan restocking di perairan umum. Intensifnya kegiatan budidaya ikan nilem, baik yang dilakukan oleh Balai Benih maupun pembudidaya turut mendukung kemantapan populasi ikan nilem.
Analisis Potensi Sumberdaya Ikan Pelagis di Pantai Ciparage Jaya Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Anas Pigoselpi , Jubaedah Iis , Danapraja Sopiyan
Published: April 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penangkapan maksimum lestari (Maximum Sustainable Yield) dan tingkat penangkapan yang maksimum secara ekonomis (Maximum Economic Yield) sumberdaya ikan pelagis di Pantai Ciparage Jaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan wawancara. Satuan penelitian adalah unit penangkapan mini purse seine. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat penangkapan maximum lestari (MSY) ikan pelagis kecil di perairan Ciparage Jaya adalah 2.996.716,6 kg/th, dan tingkat penangkapan yang maximum secara ekonomis (MEY) adalah 2.876.299 kg/th. Tingkat penangkapan nelayan rata-rata 2.686.400 kg/th, berdasarkan potensi lestarinya (MSY) dan segi ekonomi (MEY) mendekati nilai optimum, sehingga tidak memungkinkan peningkatan upaya penangkapan dilakukan. Usaha (strategi) yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup keluarga nelayan adalah perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas alat tangkap, sistem pasar yang dapat menjaga kestabilan harga, pengolahan ikan yang memberikan nilai tambah pada produksi perikanan, dan alternatif usaha budidaya.
Ujicoba Pengembangan Budidaya Rumput Laut (Gelidium amansii ) dengan Metode Vertikal Longline
Authors: Aries Gusti , Jubaedah Iis
Published: April 2019

Rumput laut merupakan bahan baku bubur kertas (pulp) untuk pembuatan kertas. Jenis rumput laut yang dapat dijadikan bahan baku kertas adalah rumput laut yang mempunyai serat (fiber). Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang mempunyai serat tinggi dan baik adalah jenis Gelidium amansii. Rumput laut Gelidium amansii berasal dari perairan Negara Korea Selatan, yang diintroduksi ke perairan Indonesia untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk melakukan uji pengembangan rumput laut Gelidium amansii dengan menggunakan metode apung sistem longline vertikal agar dibudidayakan di perairan Indonesia. Pertambahan bobot yang tinggi terjadi pada minggu ke-4 pengamatan yaitu antara 1 – 2 gram per titik sedangkan panjang thallus mencapai 7 – 9 cm. Ujicoba ini menggunakan metode apung sistem longline yang dimodifikasi yang dilakukan di perairan pantai selatan Pulau Lombok yaitu perairan Gerupuk Kecamatan Pujut Lombok Tengah Provinsi NTB. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2010 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2010.
Kapasitas Asimilasi Perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Sidoarjo Terhadap Produktifitas Budidaya Udang Dampak Pembuangan Lumpur Lapindo
Authors: Sudinno Dinno
Published: April 2019

Pembuangan Lumpur Lapindo melalui Kali Porong akan berdampak pada ancaman kelangsungan usaha perikanan budidaya tambak udang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kesesuaian kualitas air serta kaidah budidaya yang berkelanjutan yang diberikan oleh berbagai pakar. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa beban pencemar TSS yang masuk ke perairan pantai Sidoarjo sebesar 5154 Ton/Hari sedangkan kapasitas asimilasi sebesar 2705 ton per hari. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perairan pantai Sidoarjo telah tercemar oleh bahan pencemar TSS. Secara kualitatif perairan Sidoarjo mempunyai nilai indeks Diversitas plankton secara keseluruhan tergolong sangat rendah yakni dari 0,2488 sampai 0,7374. berdasarkan hubungan konsentrasi TSS terhadap Kelimpahan plankton, produksi udang diperkirakan mengalami penurunan dari 3515 ton menjadi 3361,3 ton atau sebanyak 153,8 ton.
Analisis Tingkat Adopsi Inovasi Teknologi Budidaya Ikan Lele Sangkuriang pada Kelompok Ranca Kembang di Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Lebak
Authors: Hanan Abdul , Sinaga Walson H , Nurmalia Nayu , Leilani Ani
Published: April 2019

Pengalaman usaha bidang perikanan pada responden berhubungan erat sapai pada pada tahap mencoba inovasi, sedangkan tingkat keinovatifan responden berhubungan erat sampai pada tingkat menerapkan inovasi yang dianjurkan. Umur responden. Lama pendidikan, dan tingkat kekosmopolitan tidak berhubungan erat dengan tingkat adopsi inovasi ikan lele sangkuriang.Peranan penyuluh perikanan sangat berhubungan erat sampai tahap mencoba dan berhubungan erat pada tahap menerapkan para responden terkait inovasi yang dianjurkan yaitu budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang pada kolam terpal. Sedangkan peranan ketua kelompok sangat berhubungnha erat sampai tahap menilai inovasi yang dianjurkan bagi para responden. Peranan dinas perikanan dan peranan media massa kurang berhubungan erat dengan tingkat adopsi budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang pada kolam terpal. Karakteristik inovasi berupa keuntungan relatif budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang dibandingkan inovasi lainnya (budidaya pertanian), keselarasan dengan kondisi lingkungan responden berhubungan sangat erat sampai pada tahap minat responden pada inovasi tersebut. Budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang dianggap tidak rumit diterapkan/dipraktekan oleh responden sangat berhubungan erat bagi responden untuk berminat dan sampai menghitung untung rugi dari inovasi tersebut (tahap minat). Budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang dengan karakteristik yang mudah diamati hasilnya oleh responden berhubungan erat pada tahap minat pada responden dan berhubungan sangat erat pada tahap mencoba. Namun demikian berdasarkan hasil analisis ciri inovasi teknologi budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang pada kolam terpal dengan ciri yang mudah dan cepat diamati yang berhubungan sangat erat kecepatan adopsi sampai tahap mencoba, sedangkan ciri inovasi lainnya baru sampai rata-rata pada tahap mminat.
Analisis Pengembangan Industri dan Persepsi Kepala Desa di Kawasan Peruntukan Industri: Kasus di Kabupaten Karawang
Authors: Taryoto Andin H , Kamsiah Kamsiah , Restuwati Ina , Susilawati Tuti
Published: April 2019

Perkembangan perekonomian suatu negara berkembang secara umum diwarnai kecenderungan perubahan dari dominasi sektor pertanian menuju dominasi sektor industri dan jasa. Secara administrasi pemerintahan, kecenderungan ini akan juga terjadi sejak dari tingkat propinsi sampai dengan tingkat desa. Kepala Desa sebagai pimpinan Desa dinilai memiliki peran strategis dalam menyikapi perkembangan tersebut. Analisis dengan demikian ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana persepsi dan tindakan Kepala Desa desa dalam konteks ini. Kabupaten Karawang dipilih mengingat posisinya sebagai salah satu kabupaten yang ditetapkan sebagai Wilayah Pengembangan Industri di Jawa Barat. Pengembangan industri dinilai memiliki dampak positif bagi masyarakat desa. Namu demikian tidak dipungkiri pula bahwa terdampat sejumlah dampak negatif yang harus dihadapi.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Media Penyuluhan (Kasus pada Kelompok Ranca Kembang Desa Luhur Jaya Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten)
Authors: Leilani Ani , Nurmalia Nayu , Patekkai Muh
Published: April 2019

Media penyuluhan merupakan salah satu unsur yang terpenting dalam kegiatan penyuluhan. Penggunaan media massa contohnya, yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam penggunaannya adalah peranannya dalam program penyuluhan, penggunaannya secara efektif. Yang penting adalah efek yang diharapkan, dan cara menggunakannya untuk menjamin agar arti pesan menjadi sejelas mungkin. Pilihan terhadap media massa yang digunakan, dan perbedaan antara media massa dan komunikasi anatar pribadi. Penggunaan media menjadi sangat penting dalam rangka adopsi inovasi oleh pelaku utama perikanan. Dari proses adopsi inovasi dan media yang digunakan juga bisa memperlihatkan tingkat efektifitas masing-masing media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat efektifitas penggunaan media penyuluhan pada kelompok pembudidayaikan Ranca Kembang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2014 yang berlokasi penelitian di Desa Luhur Jaya Kecamatan Cipanas Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten dengan jumlah sample sebanyak 30 orang. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Koefisien Korelasi Pearson. Faktor internal berhubungan dengan faktor eksternal pembudidaya ikan tingkat pendidikan, tingkat kekosmopolitan dan tingkat keinovatifan. Sedangkan faktor eksternal pembudidaya yang berhubungan dengan faktor internal adalah materi penyuluhan, kemasan penyuluhan dan penyajian penyuluhan. Faktor internal pembudidaya ikan (umur, pendidikan, tingkat kebutuhan, tingkat kekosmolitan dan tingkat keinovatifan) tidak menunjukkan hubungan dengan penggunaan media penyuluhan baik berupa media cetak maupun media tertayang. Faktor Eksternal yang mempunyai hubungan sangat erat dengan penggunaan media penyuluhan yaitu untuk materi berhubungan erat dengan penggunaan media brosur dan film. Faktor eksternal kemasan media berhubungan dengan penggunaan media peta singkap. Sedangkan faktor eksternal penyajian media penyuluhan berhubungan erat dengan penggunaan media penyuluhan berupa leaflet, peta singkap dan majalah.
Обоснование применения розеточных оросителей, изготавливаемых при помощи аддитивных технологий, в экспериментальных исследованиях качественных характеристик воздушно-механической пены низкой кратности
Authors: Лихоманов Алексей , Говор Эдуард , Камлюк Андрей Николаевич
Published: April 2019

Произведены выбор и оценка свойств материала для изготовления оросителей при помощи 3D-печати; определены оптимальные параметры технологии печати; разработана сборная конструкция оросителя из взаимозаменяемых деталей; осуществлена оптимизация геометрии элементов, обеспечивающая требуемую надежность и функциональность и учитывающая ограничения технологии FDM-печати; изготовлен рабочий аналог металлического розеточного оросителя из термопластичного материала; проведено экспериментальное определение кратности и устойчивости воздушно-механической пены, полученной при помощи металлического оросителя и его аналога из термопластичного полимера путем подачи в систему растворов пенообразователей трех марок разных производителей. Произведен анализ полученных результатов.
Методика расчетной оценки основных параметров волны вытеснения при переливе воды через гребень подпорного сооружения гидротехнического узла
Authors: Стриганова Марина , Шаталов Игорь , Махмудов Эльтин
Published: April 2019

Приведена методика расчетной оценки основных параметров волны вытеснения при переливе воды через гребень подпорного сооружения гидротехнического узла, основанная на методе И.И. Агроскина. Изложены основные положения оценки инженерной обстановки, последствий и оперативно-тактического плана ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, связанных с переливом воды через гребень подпорного сооружения.
Разработка комплексной системы прогнозного мониторинга факторов, характеризующих пожарную опасность территории Республики Беларусь,
с использованием спутниковых и наземных данных
Authors: Кравцов Сергей , Радюкевич Галина , Козел Антон , Голубцов Дмитрий , Лапаник Светлана , Лепесевич Екатерина
Published: April 2019

Территория Республики Беларусь характеризуется достаточно высокой пожарной опасностью – так, для лесных насаждений ее средний класс составляет 2,6. При этом традиционно используемые для оценки пожарной опасности территории комплексные (метеорологические) показатели рассчитываются на сутки и позволяют идентифицировать лишь особенности масштаба страны, слишком приблизительны для использования в масштабах района или даже области, что снижает эффективность проведения предупредительных мер, направленных на минимизацию последствий природных пожаров. В этой связи начата разработка системы прогнозного мониторинга факторов, характеризующих пожарную опасность территории, обеспечивающая (за счет использования множества наземных, спутниковых и иных данных) гибкость, динамичность, детальность и доступность результатов. Представлены результаты создания системы прогнозного мониторинга, включая сервис удаленного (интернет) доступа пользователей к результатам прогнозного мониторинга.
Searching for Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of High-mass Black Hole Binaries
Authors: Xiao Liting , Weinstein Alan , Li Tjonnie , Sachdev Surabhi
Published: April 2019

We search for gravitational waves from the coalescence (inspiral, merger and ringdown) of binary black holes with data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). Provided with well-described waveform models from General Relativity, matched filtering is employed in the GSTLAL analysis pipeline as the optimal detection technique for weak signals in Gaussian noise. The GSTLAL analysis pipeline filters data with waveform template banks, identifies triggers with SNR greater than 4, forms coincident triggers between multiple detectors in the LSC-Virgo Collaboration, and attempts to optimally separate signal from detector background noise fluctuations using a Chisquared test. We analyze high-statistics simulations of binary merger waveforms injected into LIGO recolored S6 data to evaluate the pipeline search sensitivity and to test the readiness of the pipeline for Advanced LIGO. With Advanced LIGO fully in operation by 2015 and the upgraded analysis pipelines, the expected detection rate is increased to as much as 100 events/year or more as compared to 0.01–1 events/year in Initial LIGO. Our work will make it possible to detect gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescence in Advanced LIGO data with high confidence.

KEYWORDS: LIGO, Gravitational Waves, General Relativity, Coalescence, Black Hole Binaries, Noise Fluctuations, Matched Filtering, Chi-squared Test, Simulations, GSTLAL Analysis Pipeline
Imaging Noisy Seismic Data using a One Dimensional Inverse Scattering Algorithm
Authors: Nita Bogdan , Smith Christopher
Published: April 2019

We test the capability of an inverse scattering algorithm for imaging noisy seismic data. The algorithm does not require a velocity model or any other a priori information about the medium under investigation. We use three different geometries which capture different types of one-dimensional media with variable velocity. We show that the algorithm can precisely locate the interfaces and discover the correct velocity changes at those interfaces under moderate noise condition. When the signal to noise ratio is too small, the data is de-noised using a threshold filter and then imaged with excellent results.
KEYWORDS: Seismic Imaging, Inversion, Amplitude Correction, Scattering Theory, Noise, Threshold Filter. 2000 MATHEMATICS SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION 86A22, 35J05, 35R30.
Synthesis of a MUC1 Mucin Cyclic Dimer Peptide and Its Antibody Binding Properties as Revealed by STD-NMR
Authors: Her Cheng , Yang Thao
Published: April 2019

In a previous study we showed that the shortened MUC1 mucin peptide GVTSAPD could bind monoclonal antibody (mAb). We proceeded on to make a cyclic peptide of the same sequence to see if it would be more effective in binding antibody. We were able to synthesize and isolate two different cyclic mucin peptides: 1) a monomer cyclic peptide with sequence GVTSAPD which we did not study due to difficulties in achieving homogeneity, and 2) a dimer cyclic peptide with sequence GVTSAPDGVTSAPD that was successfully isolated and studied. We describe here the results of the dimer cyclic peptide-antibody interactions obtained by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STDNMR). The results indicated that the protons of all residues experienced STD effects, notably being more pronounced at Pro, Val, Ala and Asp compared to the linear peptide GVTSAPD. The Pro residue exhibited STD peaks for all its side chain protons with stronger intensity at ProHγ while Ala, Val and Thr are localized to methyl groups.
KEYWORDS: Muc1 Antibody Recognition Epitope, STD NMR, Mucin Peptide-antibody Interactions, Cyclodimer Peptide.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Properties of Biofield Treated Ortho-Toluic Acid
Authors: Kumar Trivedi Mahendra , Branton Alice , Trivedi Dahryn , Nayak Gopal , Singh Ragini , Jana Snehasis
Published: April 2019

Toluic acid isomers are widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymer stabilizers, insect repellent and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of ortho isomer of toluic acid (OTA). The OTA sample was divided into two groups, served as control and treated. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis/ derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD result showed 26.66% decrease in crystallite size in treated OTA sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis result showed that latent heat of fusion was considerably reduced by 6.68% in treated OTA sample as compared to control. However, an increase in melting point was observed in treated sample. The melting point of treated OTA sample was found to be 107.96°C as compared to control (105.47°C) sample. Moreover, TGA/ DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost its maximum weight) was decreased by 1.21% in treated OTA sample as compared to control. It indicates that vaporisation of treated OTA sample might increase as compared to control. The FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra did not show any significant changes in spectral properties of treated OTA sample as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of OTA, which could make it more useful as chemical intermediate.
Variable Preloading Force in an Archetypal Oscillator
Authors: Cveticanin Livija , Rakaric Zvonko , Zukovic Miodrag , Cveticanin Dragan
Published: April 2019

In this paper, the influence of the time variable preloading force on the vibration of an archetypal oscillator is investigated. The oscillator is modeled as a slider-string system which is mathematically described with a second order nonlinear differential equation with time variable parameters. An approximate procedure for solving the equation is introduced. It is based on the exact solution of the pure nonlinear equation in the form of the Ateb function. The obtained result gives the vibration amplitude and phase variation of the oscillator depending on the preloading force variation. Based on this result, the procedure for regulation of the preloading force as the function of the required vibration amplitude decrease is developed. It is concluded that the preloading force may be used as a control parameter of the oscillator.
Investigation of Seed transmission in Peronospora belbahrii the Causal Agent of Basil Downy Mildew
Authors: Falach-Block Lidan , Ben-Naim Yariv , Cohen Yigal
Published: April 2019

Downy mildew in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii Thines was first recorded in Israel in 2011. Within one year, the pathogen has spread all over the country, causing devastating economic damage to basil crops. Similar outbreaks were reported in Europe, the USA, and Asia. Seed transmission and seedling trade were suggested as possible explanations for this rapid spread. Here, we show that P. belbahrii can develop systemically in artificially inoculated basil plants in growth chambers. It may reach remote un-inoculated parts of the plant including the axillary buds but not the roots or seeds. To verify whether transmission of the disease occurs via seeds, we harvested seeds from severely infected, field-grown basil plants. Harvests were done in four seasons, from several basil cultivars growing in three locations in Israel. Microscopic examinations revealed external contamination with sporangia of P. belbahrii of untreated seeds, but not of surface-sterilized seeds. Pathogen-specific PCR assays confirmed the occurrence of the pathogen in untreated seeds, but not in surface-sterilized seeds. Contaminated seeds were grown (without disinfection) in pasteurized soil in growth chambers until the four–six leaf stage. None of several thousand plants showed any symptom or sporulation of downy mildew. PCR assays conducted with several hundred plants grown from contaminated seeds proved no latent infection in plants developed from such seeds. The results confirmed that (i) P. belbahrii can spread systemically in basil plants, but does not reach their roots or seeds; (ii) sporangia of P. belbahrii may contaminate the surface, but not the internal parts, of seeds produced by infected basil plants in the field: and (iii) contaminated seeds produce healthy plants, which carry no latent infection. The data suggest that P. belbahrii in Israel is seed-borne, but not seed-transmitted.
Relative Stability of Small Silver, Platinum, and Palladium Doped Gold Cluster Cations
Authors: Ferrari Piero , Janssens Ewald
Published: April 2019

The stability patterns of single silver, platinum, and palladium atom doped gold cluster cations, MAuN−1+ (M = Ag, Pt, Pd; N = 3–6), are investigated by a combination of photofragmentation experiments and density functional theory calculations. The mass spectra of the photofragmented clusters reveal an odd-even pattern in the abundances of AgAuN−1+, with local maxima for clusters containing an even number of valence electrons, similarly to pure AuN+. The odd-even pattern, however, disappears upon Pt and Pd doping. Computed dissociation energies agree well with the experimental findings for the different doped clusters. The effect of Ag, Pt, and Pd doping is discussed on the basis of an analysis of the density of states of the N = 3–5 clusters. Whereas Ag delocalizes its 5s valence electron in all sizes, this process is size-specific for Pt and Pd.
Real-Time Voltage Stability Assessment Method for the Korean Power System Based on Estimation of Thévenin Equivalent Impedance
Authors: Lee Yunhwan , Han Sangwook
Published: April 2019

This study aims to develop a real-time assessing methodology for a power systems voltage stability. The proposed algorithm is based on the Thévenin equivalent (TE) impedance estimation method, which applies the phasor measurement unit technology practically. To present an accurate analysis of the real-time situations of a power system, the developed voltage stability index can be used as useful information for system operators to establish appropriate countermeasures. Moreover, by considering the results of voltage stability margin calculation within the Korean power system, the effect of voltage stability on the dynamic behavior of the system is presented. Furthermore, to increase the accuracy, load model parameter estimation is introduced in this algorithm. The load model might be used for calculating the stability margin more accurately. The power-voltage curve is drawn in theory using the TE voltages and impedances. To validate the case study of the proposed method, simulations were executed using the Matlab software. The simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method and detected voltage stability/instability under severe contingency scenarios.
Wide Electrocaloric Temperature Range Induced by Ferroelectric to Antiferroelectric Phase Transition
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Huang Houbing , Jafri Hasnain Mehdi , Wang Junsheng , Wen Yongqiang , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: April 2019

The ferroelectric (FE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition tuning the temperature range of electrocaloric (EC) effects was investigated using phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory. Contrary to ferroelectric to paraelectric (PE) phase transitions for electrocaloric effects, the ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition was adopted to obtain large entropy changes under an applied electric field in a Sm-doping BiFeO3 system. In addition, the doping composition and hydrostatic pressure was observed to tune the ferroelectricantiferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition temperatures and broaden the operating temperature range of electrocaloric effects. The optimal wide temperature range of ~78 K was observed at 3 GPa compressive hydrostatic pressures and 0.05 Sm-doping BiFeO3. The present study paves the way to designing high efficiency cooling devices with larger operating temperature spans.
Na2Ti7O15 Nanowires with an Oriented Tunnel Structure and High Mechanical Stability: A Potential Anode of Sodium-Ion Batteries and Gas Sensing Materials
Authors: Liu Li-Ying , Ding Yang , Zhou Bo , Jia Ning-Ning , Wang Kuan , Zhang Zhen-Hua , Sui Man-Ling
Published: April 2019

Na2Ti7O15 (NTO) can be selected as candidate anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, there are few reports of research on the mechanical properties of low-dimensional NTO, which is important for the stability of SIBs. In this work, by using the one-step hydrothermal method, NTO nanowires (NWs) with good orientation were prepared successfully. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED)showed that the NTO NWs had a good aspect ratio and dispersion, with lengths over 20 μm. Further microstructure analysis showed that the nanowires grew along the (020) direction, and there were some "stripe" structures along the growing direction, which provides a good tunnel structure for Na ion channels. Further, the in situ mechanical analysis showed that the NTO NWs had excellent elastic deformation characteristics and mechanical structural stability. In addition, the NTO NWs also showed a good gas sensitivity to NO and NH3. Our results showed that the prepared NTO nanowires with a stripe tunnel oriented-structure and excellent mechanical properties may have a potential application in SIBs or other wearable sensor devices.
Mouse Models for Exploring the Biological Consequences and Clinical Significance of PIK3CA Mutations
Authors: Mitchell Camilla B. , Phillips Wayne A.
Published: April 2019

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in a myriad of cellular signalling pathways that regulate cell growth, metabolism, proliferation and survival. As a result, alterations in the PI3K pathway are frequently associated with human cancers. Indeed, PIK3CA—the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K—is one of the most commonly mutated human oncogenes. PIK3CA mutations have also been implicated in non-malignant conditions including congenital overgrowth syndromes and vascular malformations. In order to study the role of PIK3CA mutations in driving tumorigenesis and tissue overgrowth and to test potential therapeutic interventions for these conditions, model systems are essential. In this review we discuss the various mouse models currently available for preclinical studies into the biological consequences and clinical significance of PIK3CA mutations.
Chronic Treatment with Multi-Kinase Inhibitors Causes Differential Toxicities on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles
Authors: Huot Joshua R. , Essex Alyson L. , Gutierrez Maya , Barreto Rafael , Wang Meijing , Waning David L. , Plotkin Lilian I. , Bonetto Andrea
Published: April 2019

Despite recent progress, chemotherapy remains the preferred treatment for cancer. We have shown a link between anticancer drugs and the development of cachexia, i.e., body wasting accompanied by muscle loss. The multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) regorafenib and sorafenib, used as second-line treatment for solid tumors, are frequently accompanied by several side effects, including loss of muscle mass and strength. In the present study we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms associated with the occurrence of muscle toxicities in in vivo conditions. Hence, we treated 8-week old healthy CD2F1 male mice with MKIs for up to six weeks and observed decreased skeletal and cardiac muscle mass, consistent with muscle weakness. Modulation of ERK1/2 and GSK3β, as well as increased expression of markers of autophagy, previously associated with muscle atrophy conditions, were shown in skeletal muscle upon treatment with either drug. MKIs also promoted cardiac abnormalities consistent with reduced left ventricular mass, internal diameter, posterior wall thickness and stroke volume, despite unchanged overall function. Notably, different signaling pathways were affected in the heart, including reduced expression of mitochondrial proteins, and elevated AKT, GSK3β, mTOR, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Combined, our data demonstrate detrimental effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle in association with chronic administration of MKIs, although different mechanisms would seem to contribute to the cachectic phenotype in the two tissues.
Integrative In Vivo Drug Testing Using Gene Expression Signature and Patient-Derived Xenografts from Treatment-Refractory HER2 Positive and Triple-Negative Subtypes of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ryu Jin-Sun , Sim Sung Hoon , Park In Hae , Lee Eun Gyeong , Lee Eun Sook , Kim Yun-Hee , Kwon Youngmee , Kong Sun-Young , Lee Keun Seok
Published: April 2019

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are powerful tools for translational cancer research. Here, we established PDX models from different molecular subtypes of breast cancer for in vivo drug tests and compared the histopathologic features of PDX model tumors with those of patient tumors. Predictive biomarkers were identified by gene expression analysis of PDX samples using Nanostring nCount cancer panels. Validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response was conducted in established PDX models by in vivo drug testing. Twenty breast cancer PDX models were generated from different molecular subtypes (overall success rate, 17.5%; 3.6% for HR+/HER2−, 21.4% for HR+/HER2+, 21.9% for HR−/HER2+ and 22.5% for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)). The histopathologic features of original tumors were retained in the PDX models. We detected upregulated HIF1A, RAF1, AKT2 and VEGFA in TNBC cases and demonstrated the efficacy of combined treatment with sorafenib and everolimus or docetaxel and bevacizumab in each TNBC model. Additionally, we identified upregulated HIF1A in two cases of trastuzumab-exposed HR−/HER2+ PDX models and validated the efficacy of the HIF1A inhibitor, PX-478, alone or in combination with neratinib. Our results demonstrate that PDX models can be used as effective tools for predicting therapeutic markers and evaluating personalized treatment strategies in breast cancer patients with resistance to standard chemotherapy regimens.
Improved Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-Butyl Alcohol by the Addition of Dibutyl Ether as Solvent
Authors: Dominguez Carmen M. , Romero Arturo , Santos Aurora
Published: April 2019

The etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of acid catalysts gives rise to the production of ethers (monoethers, diethers and triethers) of high added-value, which can be used as oxygenated additives in fuels. This reaction is limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium, which can be modified by the addition of solvents that selectively solubilize the products of interest along with tert-butyl alcohol, leading to the progress of the reaction. In this work, it has been demonstrated that the addition of dibutyl ether allows shifting the reaction equilibrium, increasing the production of diethers. From the study of the main operating conditions, it was determined that an increase in the concentration of the solvent has a positive effect on the selectivity towards the production of diethers, the concentration of the catalyst (a commercial ion exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, named A-15) and the reaction temperature were also determining variables. Working with concentrations of tert-butyl alcohol above the stoichiometric one did not report great advantages. The optimal operating conditions to maximize the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity towards diethers were: 70 °C, 20% catalyst (referred to the total starting mass of the system), the stoichiometric ratio of glycerol:tert-butyl alcohol (G:TB = 1:3) and 1:2 molar ratio of dibutyl ether:tert-butyl alcohol. A study of three consecutive reaction cycles showed the high stability of the catalyst, obtaining identical results.
MoS2/CdS Heterostructure for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance under Visible Light
Authors: He Guannan , Zhang Yimin , He Qinyu
Published: April 2019

High-rate recombination of photogenerated electron and hole pairs will lead to low photocatalytic activity. Constructing heterostructure is a way to address this problem and thus increase the photoelectrochemical performance of the photocatalysts. In this article, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocomposites were fabricated by a facile solvothermal method after sonication. The CdS nanoparticles immobilized on the MoS2 sheet retained the original crystal structure and morphology. The composites exhibit higher photoelectrochemical properties compared with pure MoS2 nanosheets or CdS powder. When the precursor concentration of CdS is 0.015 M, the MoS2/CdS composites yield the highest photocurrent, which is enhanced nearly five times compared with pure CdS or MoS2. The improved photoelectrochemical performance can be ascribed to the increase of light harvest, as well as to the heterostructure that decreases the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron and hole pairs.
Administration of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice via Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 5-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Modulation
Authors: Lee Younghay , Shin Sun-Hye , Cho Kyung-Ah , Kim Yu-Hee , Woo So-Youn , Kim Han Su , Jung Sung-Chul , Jo Inho , Jun Hee-Sook , Park Woo-Jae , Park Joo-Won , Ryu Kyung-Ha
Published: April 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic metabolic disorder accompanied by high blood glucose, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by high glucose and free fatty acids has been suggested as one of the main causes of β-cell dysfunction and death in T2DM. Stem cell-derived insulin-secreting cells were recently suggested as a novel therapy for diabetes. In the present study, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) to treat high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2DM. To explore whether TMSC administration can alleviate T2DM, TMSCs were intraperitoneally injected in HFD-induced T2DM mice once every 2 weeks. TMSC injection markedly improved glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and prevented HFD-induced pancreatic β-cell hypertrophy and cell death. In addition, TMSC injection relieved the ER-stress response and preserved gene expression related to glucose sensing and insulin secretion. Moreover, administration of TMSC-derived conditioned medium induced similar therapeutic outcomes, suggesting paracrine effects. Finally, proteomic analysis revealed high secretion of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 by TMSCs, and its expression was critical for the protective effects of TMSCs against HFD-induced glucose intolerance and ER-stress response in pancreatic islets. TMSC administration can alleviate HFD-induced-T2DM via preserving pancreatic islets and their function. These results provide novel evidence of TMSCs as an ER-stress modulator that may be a novel, alternative cell therapy for T2DM.
Insights into Inflammatory Priming of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Validation of Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNA Reference Genes as A Crucial Step for Donor Selection
Authors: Ragni Enrico , De Luca Paola , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , Colombini Alessandra , Viganò Marco , Lugano Gaia , Bollati Valentina , de Girolamo Laura
Published: April 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools for cell-based therapies due to their homing to injury sites, where they secrete bioactive factors such as cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids, either free or conveyed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the local environment, MSCs’ therapeutic value may be modulated, determining their fate and cell behavior. Inflammatory signals may induce critical changes on both the phenotype and secretory portfolio. Intriguingly, in animal models resembling joint diseases as osteoarthritis (OA), inflammatory priming enhanced the healing capacity of MSC-derived EVs. In this work, we selected miRNA reference genes (RGs) from the literature (let-7a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-425-5p, U6 snRNA), using EVs isolated from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) primed with IFNγ (iASCs). geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt methods identified miR-26a-5p/16-5p as the most stable, while miR-103a-rp/425-5p performed poorly. Our results were validated on miRNAs involved in OA cartilage trophism. Only a proper normalization strategy reliably identified the differences between donors, a critical factor to empower the therapeutic value of future off-the-shelf MSC-EV isolates. In conclusion, the proposed pipeline increases the accuracy of MSC-EVs embedded miRNAs assessment, and help predicting donor variability for precision medicine approaches.
Inkjet Printing in Liquid Media: Intra-Volumetric Drop Coalescence in Polymers
Authors: Klestova Anastasiia , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Vinogradov Alexandr V.
Published: April 2019

The tendency to develop flexible and transparent materials has been growing in the last decade. As inkjet printing technology has become a widespread method for the fabrication of functional materials, the investigation of the inkjet printing process seems to be essential with regard to polymers, which are a viscous and flexible media. In this study, we evaluated the dependence of ink drop coalescence on process parameters such as polymer viscosity (controlled by polymerization time), drop spacing and drop speed. The results showed that drop coalescence was mostly influenced by drop speed, while drop spacing and substrate polymer viscosity did not significantly affect the printing results. The presented data are crucial for understanding the processes involved in the fabrication of flexible materials by inkjet printing.
The Harvest Coach Architecture: Embedding Deviation-Tolerance in a Harvest Logistic Solution
Authors: Macedo Hugo Daniel , Nilsson René Søndergaard , Larsen Peter Gorm
Published: April 2019

We introduce a deviation-tolerance software architecture, which is devised for a prototype of a cloud-based harvest operation optimisation system issuing harvest plans. The deviation-tolerance architecture adapts the fault tolerance notions originating in the area of systems engineering to the harvest domain and embeds them into the Vienna developed method (VDM) model at the core of our harvest logistics system prototype. The fault tolerance supervision/execution level architecture is framed under the notion of an “harvest coach” which diagnoses deviations to the planned operations using “harvest deviation monitors” and deploys a novel “plan” (controller) that mitigates the encountered “deviation” (fault). The architecture enabled the early start of field experiments of the harvest logistics system prototype, which lead to the validation/refutation of early design stage assumptions on the diverse system components behaviours and capabilities. For instance, we casually found discrepancies in the arithmetic precision of open-source libraries used in the conversion of vehicle positioning coordinates, we assessed the maturity of the frameworks used to develop the field user interfaces, and we calibrated the level of system-operator interactivity when deviations occurs. The obtained results indicate that the architecture may have a positive impact in the context of developing systems featuring intrinsic human-driven deviations which require mitigation.
Assembly of Imidazolyl-Substituted Nitronyl Nitroxides into Ferromagnetically Coupled Chains
Authors: Romanov Vasily , Bagryanskaya Irina , Gritsan Nina , Gorbunov Dmitry , Vlasenko Yulia , Yusubov Mehman , Zaytseva Elena , Luneau Dominique , Tretyakov Evgeny
Published: April 2019

New nitronyl nitroxides, namely, 2-(4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-yl)- and 2-(4,5-dichloroimidazol-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-oxide-1-oxyl, were prepared in crystalline form. According to single-crystal X-ray data, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between NH groups of the imidazole cycles and O atoms of the nitroxide moieties. The intermolecular H-bonds contribute to the alignment of molecules into chains along the a-axis; this alignment causes short intrachain contacts between O and C atoms carrying spin density of opposite signs. Such an arrangement of nitroxides induces ferromagnetic intrachain interactions (J ≈ 10 cm−1) between neighboring radicals.