bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of pollutants in the energy sector on the environment and technologies for treating liquid and solid waste from power plants
Authors: Chera-Anghel Irina Alina , Popescu Loredana , Condrea Florentina
Published: July 2020

The main pollutants in the soil are composed of ash, clay, and calcium sulfur, which results from the desulfurization of flue gases. However, the infiltration of liquid fuels and lubricants, as well as transformation oil, may be neglected. Liquid residues result from several technological processes. The main source of pollution is the water treatment process that must be used in the water-steam circuit. Another important source of liquid residues is the cooling process of the thermal agent. A third major source of water pollution is the flue gas desulphurization process and the transport of slag and ash. Thus, it should not be neglected that power plants are large industrial installations, which require permanent maintenance, liquid residues resulting from cleaning operations of various equipment. To have the technology for treatment, disposal and storage of high-efficiency waste, we must take into account the following factors: the volume and type of waste, their properties, the likely evolution of the installation, the volume of waste generated by it, treatment possibilities and even limits imposed by environmental regulations.
Solar collectors network map: shape and time dynamics of stored thermal energy for different user loads
Authors: Stanciu Camelia , Stanciu Dorin , Ioniţă Claudia , Olaru Diana-Maria
Published: July 2020

Solar flat plate collectors are commonly used to transform solar energy into thermal one by heating a heat transfer fluid (HTF). The available thermal energy to the user is characterized by a certain thermal capacity and a certain temperature level. Comparing to the case of a single collector, when a higher thermal capacity is required in the user process, more collectors should be coupled in parallel, so that the HTF mass flow rate is increased, exiting the solar collector at the same temperature. Another case may be encountered when the user process requires the same mass flow rate of HTF, but at a higher temperature. In this last case, a series connection is considered. The aim of the present paper is to compare these cases and to build a solar panel map that could be used to choose the best arrangements for a specific user need. A study is performed regarding the map dynamics with respect to HTF consumption to the user for three storage tank capacities of 100L, 200L and 300L respectively. The results reveal a recommendation regarding collectors coupling function on user needs.
Solution for controlling a hydraulic motor using cloud data
Authors: Udrea Ioana , Gheorghe Viorel Ionut , Avram Mihai , Petrache Silviu , Popescu-Cuta Alina , Popa Romeo Traian
Published: July 2020

In the last period, Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing an increasing development, and the tendency of hosting applications and especially data, in cloud computing systems is growing. Currently, most of the Building Management System (BMS) analyse directly data or transfer it to the cloud.

In this context, the proposed solution aims to read indoor thermal climate data from cloud computing platform and based on them operate a hydraulic motor. The input data could be generated by an in-house sensor monitoring solution or by a foreign BMS system that transmits open source data to cloud.

In this study some conditions are imposed to the input data and as a result, control current is generated and transmitted in order to command proportional electro-hydraulic valve that drive a hydraulic motor. The electro-hydraulic valve is controlled with the help of an amplifier, by a data acquisition board (DAQ) that runs LabView application. With the help of the developed software, the motor speed and the direction of rotation can be controlled.

In last years, the number of requests for architectures projects with moveable elements has increased because they multiply the possible use of the buildings. With the information generated by the sensors that measure the indoor climate parameters, the hydraulic motor could be used in such a construction. Examples of atypical buildings with special functionalities that the architects would propose and that needs high torque actuation are presented in this paper.
Obtaining thermal energy from renewable sources in rural areas using a combined energy system
Authors: Dumitrescu Liliana , Cristescu Corneliu , Rădoi Radu , Pavel Ioan , Dragomir Florian , Cristea Oana Diana
Published: July 2020

The article presents an energy system solution in which the heat energy required to get domestic hot water needed for a family home is obtained by the cumulative conversion of energy from 2 renewable sources: solar energy and biomass energy. Compared to the classic variants of thermal systems, which exploit a single source and provide only partially the energy needed, the combined use consists of energy supply from one source when the other is unavailable or insufficient. In the present case, when the domestic hot water requirement is no longer covered by the solar thermal panels (consumption during the night, days without sun or temporary consumption higher than the usual one), energy from biomass is used in the same system. It is converted to thermal energy using a generator where the gasification module uses the TLUD process. In addition to a higher yield of biomass, this process allows the use of a wide range of biomass types, existing in rural areas. The article presents the results obtained from the experimentation of the system that uses 4 solar panels and a thermal energy generator with a power of approx. 10 kW.
Gas yield variation in wood biomass co-current air gasification process – continuous operation
Authors: Ionescu Gabriela , Tirtea Raluca Nicoleta , Gheorghe-Bulmau Cora , Marculescu Cosmin
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this work was to study the gas yield variation resulted from the cherry wood gasification with air using a lab-scale rotary kiln gasifier. The feedstock was continuously fed into the preheated reactor at 600°C, in co-current configuration, using atmospheric air as a gasifying agent. The results indicate the importance of oxidation reaction control, through the feeding flow rates of biomass and air and the reactants mixing rate. From the experiment, the hydrogen yields were about 2-4%, while the carbon monoxide varied between 8-21%. Additionally, the paper provides process observations based on the continuous monitoring of gas composition. The specific flow rates of substances and installation operating conditions were linked to process run through syngas composition.
Operation on battery packs of damaged installations on a tugboat
Authors: Ciucur Violeta-Vali , Jenaru Andreea
Published: July 2020

The supply of own services of direct current is made from at least two sources of DC power, the independent and capable sources of ensuring, each of them, the entire consumption. As a normal power source, are used AC/DC rectifiers and DC/DC converters, as the case. The provision of safety power supplies its able to take over, for a limited time, normalized, the whole consumption in the DC of this objective, is mandatory for all objectives. As a safe power supply are used battery packs. Each battery pack supplies a single network; it is not supplied from the same battery, two or more distribution networks, with different nominal voltages through intermediate sockets. For voltage supply, in case of dismissal of the basic source, they can be used as local sources, which provide electricity directly, the battery, built to ensure the required voltage and capacity in battery packs. The ships present the damaged installation which can operate supplied by battery packs. Electrical control circuits, signalization circuits, protection circuits and automation circuits are supplied with DC voltage. In this article we will calculate the battery capacity of a ship.
Intensity of soil erosion in Romania, predictions in time and space, European and indigenous perspectives
Authors: Cardei Petru , Sfiru Raluca , Muraru Vergil
Published: July 2020

The subject of this article is the estimation of the water erosion given by different sources during the history of over one hundred years of observations. The differences between the estimates made at the near times, or at the appreciably different times, are viewed for the approximation, of the random behaviour of the factors involved in the water erosion process, but also for the changes (apparently in time) of the intensity of the factors involved. The so-called climatic changes, characterized mainly by apparently (at the scale of human life) nonperiodic changes of meteorological factors, produce effects including on the factors involved in water erosion, which are not in the category of meteorological parameters, such as soil erodibility, but also the geometric parameters of the slopes. By default, there are effects in vegetal cover and management parameters. From this point of view, the influencing factors of mathematical models for predicting water erosion should be recalculated or periodically reviewed.
Research on the use of cylindrical cutting drums with blades in cascade for Miscanthus harvesting
Authors: Păun Anişoara , Stroescu Gheorghe , Popa Radu , Popa Vlad , Bogdanof Constantin
Published: July 2020

In the current context of climate change, a special place is occupied by the field of energy plants. One of the renewable sources providing the biomass necessary for the generation of bioenergy, widely used in the last decades in the EU countries is the Miscanthus culture, which by capitalisation provides a series of economic benefits, but especially in terms of environment. This can be used for the production of electricity and/or thermal energy both in large power plants (30 MW +), which use thousands of tons of biomass annually, and in small domestic systems that use several tons, during the winter months. By using the Miscanthus in the combustion process, the carbon dioxide emissions are reduced and the methane emissions from the deposits are eliminated. In the case of applying the technology for Miscanthus culture direct harvesting (culture of perennial plants, over 2 m high, and high density), the technological process consists of cutting, chopping and loading in the means of transport of the harvested material. The paper presents the technological process of direct harvesting and analysis of the results obtained, achieved with the help of the trailed forage harvester CTF.
Determining the qualitative working indices for various forms of the active body of a rut soil compartmentation equipment
Authors: Oprescu Marius Remus , Gageanu Iuliana , Cristea Mario
Published: July 2020

The subdivision of ruts represents the process of periodic formation between their ridges of small soil dams, small pools of water accumulation created in the processed soil with the help of equipment to open watering channels in order to reduce the phenomenon of erosion and to make more efficient use of the water from precipitation or by using sprinkler systems. This is a method of soil and water conservation that is used on inclined lands with a slope of less than 6o or on disturbed land. The practice began to be widely adopted following the use of new herbicide technologies necessary for weed control but also for improving the mechanical equipment for dam construction. In this paper are presented the results obtained from the optimization of the dimensions and the shape of the working body of the PCVM2,2 + EMBC2 equipment used in the compartmentation of the ruts in the vine-apple orchards with calculation of the qualitative indices of obtained work.
An analysis of baffles designs for limiting impact on the directional response for a partially filled tank with agro-food liquids
Authors: Milian Gabriela , Biriş Sorin-Ştefan , Ipate George , Hristea Alexandru , Sorica Cristian , Nenciu Florin
Published: July 2020

A directional response for a partially filled tank with agro-food liquids incorporates the motion of the free surface due to roll and longitudinal accelerations into the dynamic tank model. This paper presents an analysis of efficaciousness of different designs of baffles for two different tank, to limit the impact of the response given by the liquid on the tank walls. In this paper modelling of the behaviour of the cross-section circular and ellipsoidal tank with baffles, partially filled with liquids agro-food, was developed, which performs a braking-in-a-turn manoeuver. Two different tank truck models have been used to simulate the sloshing effect of agro-food liquid cargo. Is also studied the two geometric models of the tank was done by using SolidWorks and simulating the behaviour of the tank ANSYS-CFX.

In this study, there were simulated and modeled two models of tank-type “X”, respectively type “Y” used for the storage and transport of liquid agro-food products, namely water, for different speeds (v = 14m / s and v = 20m / s) and two filling levels of the tank trucks (40% and 80%). The results obtained were compared the behaviour of the tank partially filled into a braking-in-a-turn manoeuver, in which the total values of the deformations that appear as a result of the impact due to the movement of the liquid inside the tank trucks.
The remotely controlled underwater robot system
Authors: Nita Cristian , Deleanu Dumitru , Voicu Ionut
Published: July 2020

The remotely controlled underwater robot system is used extensively by the scientific community to study the ocean, in support of diving operations, in military use, in educational outreach, in broadcast use. We built this system which has three components: 1) the surface control interface; 2) the intermediate device; 3) the robot itself. The presence of this robot replaces human activities where access is not allowed or life is endangered. The novelty of this device is the construction of component 2 (intermediate), which represents a storage frame for the underwater robot and part of the control umbilical cord. The frame descends with the robot to the depth of surveillance from where the robot leaves the storage frame and is further controlled to the research objective. The surveillance function is performed from the intermediary with the help of a video camera. The video camera is the IP type and can be accessed through the data over power network. The movement of the underwater device is accomplished by means of 8 electric motors (4 for horizontal control and 4 for vertical control). The robot has data acquisition and storage systems and piloting systems. The purpose of building this robot is educational research.
The smart transition of Power Transmission Network needed for the sustainable development of Bucharest City
Authors: Scripcariu Mircea , Gheorghiu Cristian , Tristiu Ion , Dobrica Alexandra-Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Large cities around the world continue to grow larger. This is also the case of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania and one of the largest and most densely populated locations in Eastern Europe. In this article authors present an overview of the development of Bucharest as the largest electricity consumer amongst the Romanian municipalities and analyse possible solutions for the refurbishment of the HV (High Voltage) grid. This process needs to help the city development and its transition to a Smart City. At first authors present the strategy of local authorities for improving the living standard and decrease the environmental pollution. The impact of this strategy on the electrical energy demand is further analysed. Possible technologies are presented for substations and electrical lines starting from the current situation of the transmission network. All these can contribute to a decrease of the environmental impact and to an increase in the continuity of the power supply. Technical and economical evaluation of the refurbished grid is further presented along with a sensitivity analysis. The evaluation of the investment is made by taking into consideration the demand forecast. Lines and transformers are sized and chosen with the best available technology. For the economic analysis authors used criteria accepted by funding sources, banks especially, such as NPV and IRR. The sensitivity of the project economics is tested and discussed. As conclusions authors present the environmental benefits of gradually changing the technology used for electricity transmission in a large city such as Bucharest, mainly regarding land occupancy with switchgear and line routes and soil pollution.
Efficient phosphate removal by biological corrosion method
Authors: Ruzhitskaya Olga
Published: July 2020

Water quality deterioration in water bodies is directly related to the development of anthropogenic eutrophication processes. To resolve this complex issue, one needs to minimize biogenic discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the water bodies. The article presents relevant information in the field of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment, describes the most effective biological and biological-chemical methods of phosphate-removing wastewater treatment. The article presents the results of research on phosphate-removing wastewater treatment methods using iron-bearing reinforced feed material (biological corrosion method, biogalvanic method). The placement of reinforced feed material in a standard air tank allowed to significantly increase the efficiency of organic contamination-removing biological wastewater treatment. The biological process activation ratio due to the use of reinforced feed material amounted to 1.78. The placement of reinforced feed material in the bioreactor, which operates without activated sludge return, allowed to achieve complete phosphate removal from the waste water. The maximum effect of phosphate removal (99 %) with the concentration of phosphate in treated water below the detection limit was achieved after 4 to 6 hours of wastewater treatment in the bioreactor, with the concentration of organic contamination in the incoming wastewater from 150 to 300 mgBOD/L and the concentration of phosphate upstream of the bioreactor from 4 to 6 mg PO4/L. Based on the research carried out, it was concluded that the use of biological corrosion method allows to achieve high efficiency of phosphate removal, as well as to intensify the biological process of organic contamination removal from waste water.
Black sea marine litter pollution related to naval operations
Authors: Novac Valerian , Moraru Luminiţa , Gasparotti Carmen , Rusu Eugen
Published: July 2020

The Black Sea, due to its weak exchange of waters and poor vertical circulation, has an increased sensibility to pollution. Even though this maritime basin is subject to numerous regulations at the national, regional, and international levels, the pollution issue is still actual and stringent. The present paper analyses the findings of three studies focused on marine litter issues and provide, in the concluding part, few directions which can improve the pollution prevention and containment effort. As the studies related to Black Sea litter pollution are scarce and fragmented, the authors took the opportunity and analyzed three different studies conducted in different periods and concluded that a significant part of marine debris is related to naval operations.
Mechano-hydraulic pumping solutions for reduction off energy losses in agricultural mobile machinery
Authors: Hristea Alexandru , Tudor Bogdan , Sefu Stefan , Milian Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Hydraulic digital power consists in a hydraulic plant having one or more discreet valued components actively with which we are controlling the system output flow. In this paper authors study a solution of 4 fixed pumps parallel connected. This complex pumping system can achieve 15 flows. The pumping system consists in an electrical single speed motor, 4 fixed pumps, the repartition will achieve with the help of 4 electrohydraulic distributors and an electronic micro-controller. The hydraulic plant was made in our Research Institute in the digital hydraulic laboratory for conducting tests and experiments.
Hydrogen production through gasification of whey
Authors: çağlı Elif Ece , Kanatlı Tolga Kaan , Karadeniz Serkan , Ayas Nezihe
Published: July 2020

Hydrogen is one of the clean energy carriers and it is obtained from fossil and renewable energy sources and waste of the food industry. In this study, whey, which is the waste of the cheese factory, was gasified using a high-pressure batch reactor at different temperatures (300, 350, 400 ºC) and an updraft tubular reactor at (650, 700°C). In order to find out suitable gasification conditions, the effect of reaction parameters such as catalyst type (K2CO3 and NaOH), temperature (300-700 °C) and time (30-120 min) were investigated. The highest hydrogen yield (14.47 mol H2/kg Whey Powder-2) was obtained with 2.51 M NaOH at 120 min. reaction time at 400 °C.
How return sludge increase biogas production from cow manure?
Authors: Pertiwiningrum Ambar , Kusuma Wardani Ratih , Wintoko Joko , Budiarto Rachmawan , Arnita Wuri Margaretha , Gozan Misri
Published: July 2020

The energy needs in Indonesia are mainly fulfilled by fossil fuels based energy. Since there is the rise of fuel price, Indonesia government considers seeking alternative energies from renewable resources. Biogas becomes one of the alternative energy that supplies energy needs and manages cow manure waste in Indonesia. To increase adoption of biogas technology, biogas production through methane enrichment is required. The experiment was conducted with return sludge system. These instruments consist of a series portable bio-digester, gas holder and return sludge unit. There were three treatments on biogas production without and with sludge addition or re-use bio-digester sludge that produced after biogas production as raw material for next biogas production. Biogas that produced was observed every two days during 40 days. The results showed that the addition of bio-digester sludge increased biogas production and methane concentration. The optimum retention time of biogas production with sludge addition was 20 days with accumulation biogas volume of 156.38 liters or increased of 38.75 from biogas production without bio-digester sludge). The optimum retention time to increase methane level was 15 days with methane enrichment from 0.8% to 29.41%.
Advances of a pilot study on gasification of Saccharum Spontaneum to produce electricity in Panama
Authors: Aguilar Orlando , Navarro Daniel , González Yubrany , García Elvis , Camargo Heidy , Aguilar Orlando
Published: July 2020

Saccharum spontaneum, known locally as “Paja Canalera”, is a non-native herbaceous species of Panamanian flora, it is invasive and can spread rapidly, even in critical environmental conditions. In the dry season, it is the object of fires of plant mass affecting other species of flora, fauna and communities. This study focuses on assessing the use of the species as a biomasic material for energy production through the gasification technique. Samples of the material present in the Panama Canal Hydrographic Basin (CHCP) were conducted, where there are approximately 6,932 hectares covered by that species. A thermophysical and energetic characterization of the species was carried out, and the use of said plant species is considered as a renewable energy resource with the potential to be converted into gaseous fuel (syngas) by means of the gasification technique and its subsequent generation of electrical energy. Based on the available Biomass, results indicate an energy potential of 536.5 GWh. Tests of various treatments were carried out based on the physical properties of the biomass and tested with various volumetric air flows in order to find the most efficient form of gasification of S. spontaneum, based on the chemical composition of the resulting gas.
Hydrogen production by photocatalysis method of glutamic acid and activated carbon
Authors: Komaril Sofi’i Yepy , Siswanto Eko , Winarto  , Wardana I Nyoman Gede
Published: July 2020

This research is purposed to produces hydrogen gas as an alternative fuels by environmentally friendly photo catalysis method. The photo catalyst was made of glutamic acid (C5H9NO4) and activated carbon both are dissolved in water in closed glass tube. In addition, halogen lamp with wavelength of 560 nm-580 nm was used as the lighting source. The heat from halogen lamp makes an electron orbit in the catalyst to be elliptical and polar. The photon from halogen lamp makes the electron leaps from its orbit. While the defective graphene on activated carbon gets energy from heat and photon, they will generate a magnetic field. This magnetic field energizes electron spin in glutamic acid and water while the active force in the defect of the carbon attracts the carbon atom in glutamic acid that makes it becomes more active. As a result hydrogen is produced from water. Hydrogen gas produced by the system was measured by MQ-8 sensor inside the reactor tube. The sensor was connected to microcontroller and recorded into computer memory with Arduino Uno Software. Photo catalysis process was tested for 20 minutes. The result shows that the highest hydrogen production occurs at glutamic acid solution with 225 ppm activated carbon.
Solar thermoelectric cooling technology applied to transport of vaccines in isolated communities
Authors: Milón Guzmán Juan José , Braga Sergio Leal , Zúñiga Torres Juan Carlos , Carpio Beltrán Herbert Jesús Del
Published: July 2020

A thermoelectric cooling system supplied by photovoltaic solar energy was built and evaluated with different thermal loads. The thermoelectric cooling module consumes 70 W, it is supplied by a photovoltaic system of 90 W and 40 Ah battery. The voltage and electrical current in each component (panels, battery, and electric charge) has been measured. The tests were performed with different thermal loads placed in glass containers used for vaccines. To analyze the cooling and preservation process, the experiments were started at room temperature. The results show that the thermoelectric cooling system works for small thermal loads, and it could be applied to transport vaccines in isolated areas where people carry medicines in small containers that do not maintain the temperature necessary for the conservation of vaccines.
Low rank coal drying technology for decreasing electricity cost production: case study of Nagan Raya power plant
Authors: Setiawan Agus , Arifin Zainal
Published: July 2020

Considering the depletion of black coal resources, utilization of low rank coal currently is emerging to meet the growing of electricity consumption globally. Some coal fired power plants urge to use the domestic low rank coal due to some financial reasons. They are several coal drying technologies have been proposed. This study analyzes the utilization low rank coal to decrease the electricity cost production at Nagan Raya coal fired power plant. The Coal Moisture Control Fluidized Bed (CMC-FB) technology is selected as a basis for both technical and financial calculation. Based on the pilot project in Fukuoka, this technology is technically feasible and well suited for Nagan Raya power plant. A financial modelling shows that coal drying technology implementation can potentially decrease the electricity cost production for the utility and also make benefits for the investor. Further research is recommended to investigate other proven technologies. Additionally the effect of coal drying implementation to the environment should be noticed.
Dynamic grid fault analysis in wind power plant with DFIG by using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) viewer
Authors: Aphrodis Nduwamungu , Etienne Ntagwirumugara , Wellars Utetiwabo , Francis Mulolani
Published: July 2020

Faults in electrical power systems are among the key factors and sources to network disturbances, however control strategies are among key faults clearing techniques for the sake of safe operational mode of the system.Some researchers have shown various limitations of control strategies such as slow dynamic response,inability to switch Off and On network remotely and fault clearing time. For a system with wind energy technologies, if the power flow of a wind turbine is interrupted by a fault, the intermediate-circuit voltage between the machine-side converter and line-side converter will fall in unacceptably high values.To overcome the aforementioned issues, this paper used a Matlab simulations and experiments in order to analyze and validate the results.The results showed that fault ride through (FRT) with SCADA Viewer software are more adaptable to the variations of voltage and wind speed in order to avoid loss of synchronism. Therefore at the speed of 12.5m/s a wind produced a rated power of 750W and remained in synchronization before and after a fault created and cleared but worked as generator meanwhile at speed of 3.4m/s wind disconnected from grid and started working as a motor and consumed active power (P=-25watts) and voltage dip at 100% .For the protection purpose, the DC chopper and crowbar should be integrated towards management of excess energy during faults cases.
L’histoire environnementale, hier, aujourd’hui… et demain !
Authors: Frioux Stéphane
Published: July 2020

L’étude diachronique des rapports entre les sociétés et leurs environnements est un des champs qui se sont affirmés avec le plus de dynamisme ces dernières années au sein des sciences humaines et sociales. Cet essor est désormais particulièrement visible dans la communauté des historiens. Un colloque organisé par le Réseau universitaire de chercheurs en histoire environnementale (RUCHE) à Lyon en juin 2018 a permis de dresser un panorama des recherches et des problématiques actuelles, ainsi que de discuter des méthodes interdisciplinaires. Après avoir retracé le récent développement de l’histoire environnementale des mondes modernes et contemporains − qui a emboîté le pas des chercheurs spécialistes de périodes plus anciennes – et rendu compte de la manifestation, on proposera quelques perspectives porteuses d’enjeux scientifiques et sociaux émergents, et potentiellement innovantes.
Effects of Child-Pugh B Cirrhosis on Pharmacokinetics of
Tofogliflozin, a New Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter (SGLT2)
Inhibitor
Authors: Yamada Haruki , Ohira Hiromasa , Ikegami Fumiaki , Nakamura Koichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Abe Kazumichi , Inano Akihiro , Shimada Sumire , Miyata Kumiko , Saito Tomohisa , Ohba Yasuhiro , Terao Kimio , Ohnishi Akihiro
Published: July 2020

Background Tofogliflozin is a highly selective sodium-glucose
co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. A mass balance study with combinations of
microdoses revealed that tofogliflozin has high oral bioavailability
(97.5%) and that tofogliflozin in circulation is eliminated primarily by
metabolic pathways, with the liver playing a prominent role in elimination.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of moderate hepatic
impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tofogliflozin and on the pharmacodynamics
(urinary glucose excretion [UGE]).

Methods In an open-label, parallel-group study, 17 subjects (9 with
moderate hepatic impairment [Child-Pugh Class B, score 7–9] and 8
healthy) received a single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin. Plasma and urine
concentrations of tofogliflozin were determined. Accumulated UGE, adverse
events, and physiological and laboratory test data were monitored.

Results Geometric mean ratio (GMR; geometric mean value for subjects with
moderate hepatic impairment / geometric mean value for healthy subjects)
of Cmax was 1.47 and GMR of AUCinf was 1.70. Moderate
hepatic impairment had only a little effect on tmax and
CLR but it prolonged MRT. The levels of cumulative UGE were
similar between the 2 groups. No clinically significant adverse events,
laboratory test values, or physiological test values were observed in any
subject.

Conclusions Moderate hepatic impairment increased Cmax and
AUCinf of tofogliflozin by 47% and 70%,
respectively. This increase in tofogliflozin exposure did not increase UGE in
hepatically impaired subjects. A single oral dose of 40 mg tofogliflozin was
well tolerated, supporting dose adjustment is unnecessary even in moderately
hepatically impaired subjects.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of
5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles
and their Derivatives as Analgesic Agents
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Kaushik Pawan , Kumar Ajay , Saini Deepika ,   Swati
Published: July 2020

An efficient and environmental benign solvent-free synthesis of
5-amino-3-aryl-1-(6'-chloropyridazin-3'-yl)pyrazoles
(4a-e) was accomplished by grinding 3-chloro-6-hydrazinopyridazine
(2) and β-ketonitriles (3a-e) in the presence of
p-toulenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Subsequently, 6'-chloro
group in 4a-e was replaced with cyclic 2° amine derivatives
viz. pyrrolidine 5a, piperidine 5b and morpholine
5c to obtain 6a-e, 7a-e, 8a-e respectively. The
newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using IR, NMR (1H
and 13C), mass spectral studies, elemental analyses. All the
synthesized compounds were studied for their docking interaction with target
protein 6COX and screened for their in vivo analgesic mode of action
against swiss albino mice (animal model) using acetic-acid induced writhing
test. Consequently, docking simulations data justifies the potential of
synthesized series as an analgesic and very well correlated with in vivo
study. Preliminary results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds
exhibited moderate to good analgesic activity as compared to
reference/standard drug (s) sodium diclofenac and candidates 4d
and 7c protrude out as a promising lead for further investigation.
Lymphangiomatose − seltene Ursache eines Pleuraergusses
Authors: Uhlenbruch M. , Keymel S. , Krüger S.
Published: July 2020

Ein 33-jähriger Mann stellte sich wegen langsam progredienter Luftnot vor. Bei der Untersuchung fielen ein Pleuraerguss rechts, Lymphödem linker Unterschenkel und Fuß und fleckige, landkartenartige Hautveränderungen auf. Bei der Pleurapunktion rechts konnte ein chylöser Erguss abgelassen werden. In der Ganzkörper-MRT war der Pleuraerguss rechts nachweisbar, eine Vermehrung der Lymphgefäße inguinal, parailiakal und paraaortal und prominente Chylusgefäße. Eine ossäre Beteiligung lag nicht vor. Der Ductus thoracicus abdominalis war bis auf 3 mm erweitert. Wir stellten die Diagnose einer generalisierten lymphatischen Anomalie (GLA) – Lymphangiomatose. Die GLA ist eine seltene Erkrankung unbekannter Ursache mit Fehlentwicklung des lymphatischen Systems. Thorakal fällt eine GLA oft durch die Entwicklung von chylösen Pleuraergüssen auf. Es können aber auch viele andere Organe betroffen sein. Die Therapie besteht meist in einer symptomatischen Behandlung und dem Versuch, den Progress der Erkrankung zu verlangsamen.
Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis mit pulmonaler und kardialer Beteiligung
Authors: Kamp J. C. , Suhling H. , Ramthor M. , Hinrichs J. B. , Soudah B. , Adel J. , Welte T. , Ringshausen F. C.
Published: July 2020

Ein 62-jähriger Patient mit Asthma bronchiale und chronischer Rhinosinusitis unterzog sich einer Leistenhernien-OP. Nach der Operation kam es plötzlich zu einem reanimationspflichtigen Kreislaufstillstand. Koronarangiografisch zeigte sich eine 99 %ige proximale RCA-Stenose bei ansonsten unauffälligen und glattwandigen Koronarien. Im Verlauf kam es wiederholt zu ähnlichen Ereignissen, jetzt jedoch ohne Korrelat in der Koronarangiografie. Echokardiografisch zeigte sich initial eine LVEF von 45 %. Es bestanden bipulmonale Infiltrate im Röntgen-Thorax und eine schwere periphere Eosinophilie (37 %). Die serologische Diagnostik inkl. ANA, ENA und c-/p-ANCA blieb ohne Nachweis von Antikörpern. Eine Knochenmarkspunktion zeigte keine Hinweise auf eine myeloproliferative Erkrankung. Der Patient klagte über zunehmende Schwäche, Gewichtsverlust und Belastungsdyspnoe. Ein Methylprednisolon-Puls (250 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) zeigte keinen wesentlichen Effekt, sodass der Patient schließlich bei zunehmender klinischer Verschlechterung in unsere Universitätsklinik verlegt wurde. Bei Übernahme sahen wir einen abgeschlagenen Patienten mit progredienter Muskelatrophie und Belastungsdyspnoe. Klinisch zeigte sich eine rechtsseitige Peroneusparese. In der BAL zeigte sich eine schwere eosinophile Alveolitis (37 %). Laborchemisch zeigten sich Herzenzyme und NT-proBNP stark erhöht (Troponin-T > 700 ng/l, NT-proBNP > 10,000 ng/l). In der Echokardiografie fand sich eine dramatische Verschlechterung der Pumpfunktion (LVEF 16 %). Eine interdisziplinäre Falldiskussion zwischen Kardiologen und Pneumologen war schließlich der Schlüssel zur Diagnose einer ANCA-negativen eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) mit pulmonaler und kardialer Beteiligung. Nach Einleitung einer immunsuppressiven Therapie mit erneutem Methylprednisolon-Puls (1000 mg/Tag über 3 Tage) und anschließender Cyclophosphamid-Therapie (6 Pulse im 4-wöchigen Intervall) gestaltete sich der Verlauf erfreulich mit klinischer Beschwerdefreiheit, vollständiger Regredienz der pulmonalen Infiltrationen und deutlicher Erholung der kardialen Pumpfunktion (LVEF 47 %).

Fazit ANCA-Positivität ist zur Diagnosestellung einer EGPA nicht erforderlich. Diese weisen nur 30 – 70 % der EGPA-Patienten auf, v. a. bei neurologischer und/oder renaler, seltener bei pulmonaler und/oder kardialer Beteiligung, was einen Fallstrick bei der Diagnosestellung darstellen kann. Die Induktionstherapie mit Cyclophosphamid stellt bei steroidrefraktärem Verlauf mit vital bedrohlicher Organbeteiligung die Therapie der Wahl dar.
C−H Arylation of Thiophenes with Aryl Bromides by a Parts-per-Million Loading of a Palladium NNC-Pincer Complex
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro , Purta Anggi Eka , Ichii Shun , Tazawa Aya
Published: July 2020

A palladium NNC-pincer complex efficiently catalyzed the direct arylation of thiophene derivatives with extremely low palladium loadings of the order of parts per million. Thus, the reaction of various thiophenes with aryl bromides in the presence of 25–100 mol ppm of chlorido[(2-phenyl-κ-C
2)-9-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2-N,N′]palladium(II) NNC-pincer complex, K2CO3, and pivalic acid in N,N-dimethyl­acetamide afforded the corresponding 2- or 5-arylated thiophenes in good to excellent yields. A combination of the present C–H arylation and Hiyama coupling with the same NNC-pincer complex provides an efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,5-thiophenes with catalyst loadings at mol ppm levels.
DBU-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Secondary Propargylic Alcohols: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Route to Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Bera Mrinal K. , De Rimpa , Savarimuthu Antony , Ballav Tamal , Singh Pijush , Nanda Jayanta , Hasija Avantika , Chopra Deepak
Published: July 2020

A 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed rearrangement of diarylated secondary propargylic alcohols to give α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed. The typical 1,3-transposition of oxy functionality, characteristic of Mayer–Schuster rearrangements, is not observed in this case. A broad substrate scope, functional-group tolerance, operational simplicity, complete atom economy, and excellent yields are among the prominent features of the reaction. Additionally, the photophysical properties and crystal-structure-packing behavior of selected compounds were investigated and found to be of interest.
Foraminal Ligaments Tether Upper Cervical Nerve Roots: A Potential Cause of Postoperative C5 Palsy
Authors: Jack Andrew S. , Osburn Brooks R. , Tymchak Zane A. , Ramey Wyatt L. , Oskouian Rod J. , Hart Robert A. , Chapman Jens R. , Jacques Line G. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: July 2020

Background Nerve root tethering upon dorsal spinal cord (SC) migration has been proposed as a potential mechanism for postoperative C5 palsy (C5P). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate this relationship by anatomically comparing C5–C6 nerve root translation before and after root untethering by cutting the cervical foraminal ligaments (FL).

Objective The aim of this study is to determine if C5 root untethering through FL cutting results in increased root translation.

Methods Six cadaveric dissections were performed. Nerve roots were exposed via C4–C6 corpectomies and supraclavicular brachial plexus exposure. Pins were inserted into the C5–C6 roots and adjacent foraminal tubercle. Translation was measured as the distance between pins after the SC was dorsally displaced 5 mm before and after FL cutting. Clinical feasibility of FL release was examined by comparing root translation between standard and extended (complete foraminal decompression) foraminotomies. Translation of root levels before and after FL cutting was compared by two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results Significantly more nerve root translation was observed if the FL was cut versus not-cut, p = 0.001; no difference was seen between levels, p = 0.33. Performing an extended cervical foraminotomy was technically feasible allowing complete FL release and root untethering, whereas a standard foraminotomy did not.

Conclusion FL tether upper cervical nerve roots in their foramina; cutting these ligaments untethers the root and increases translation suggesting they could be harmful in the context of C5P. Further investigation is required examining the value of root untethering in the context of C5P.
Determining the Effectivity of Infrared Distance to Eliminate Dental Pain Due to Pulpitis and Periodontitis
Authors: Anitasari Silvia , Wahab Deasy E. , Barlianta Barlianta , Budi Hendrik S.
Published: July 2020

Objective The infrared rays is one of the treatments to relief of dental pain due to pulpitis or periodontitis. The ability of infrared to increase the pain threshold which make eliminating P substance on the inflammation area and inducing Aβ and Aδ fibers to activate γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and neuropeptides to decrease the pain. Hence, reducing or eliminating dental pain. This study to get information about effectively distance between patients and infrared rays which can reduce or eliminate dental pain.

Materials and Methods The explorative experimental research to determine the effectivity of the infrared rays’ distance: 45, 55, and 55 cm in reducing or eliminating dental pain. The material of infrared was tungsten with luminous light and the time for the lighting was 15 minutes.

Statistical Analysis The data were obtained and analyzed using Wilcoxon’s signed rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test (α= 0.05).

Results  There were influenced of the infrared rays to reduce the dental pain as follow, distance 45 cm (p = 0.007), distance 55 cm (p = 0.026), and distance 65 cm (p = 0.007). The average scale reduction for distance 45 cm was 2.23 ± 0.83, the distance 55 cm was 3.33 ± 0.87, and the distance 65 cm was (1.78 ± 0.83). Therefore, according to Kruskal–Wallis test with p = 0.004 (p < 0.05) showed the significant difference between the scale to decrease of dental pain was the distance of 55.

Conclusion Infrared rays located at a distance of 55 cm from patients might be more effective in relieving dental pain, compared with other distances tested.
Partial Biliary Diversion May Promote Long-Term Relief of Pruritus and Native Liver Survival in Children with Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Authors: Bjørnland Kristin , Hukkinen Maria , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Arnell Henrik , Pakarinen Mikko P. , Almaas Runar , Svensson Jan F.
Published: July 2020

Introduction Rare cholestatic liver diseases may cause debilitating pruritus in children. Partial biliary diversion (PBD) may relieve pruritus and postpone liver transplantation which is the only other alternative when conservative treatment fails. The aim was to report long-term outcome after PBD in a population of 26 million people during a 25-year period.

Materials and Methods This is an international, multicenter retrospective study reviewing medical journals. Complications were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system.

Results Thirty-three patients, 14 males, underwent PBD at a median of 1.5 (0.3–13) years at four Nordic pediatric surgical centers. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis was the most common underlying condition. Initially, all patients got external diversion, either cholecystojejunostomy (25 patients) or button placed in the gallbladder or a jejunal conduit. Early complications occurred in 14 (42%) patients, of which 3 were Clavien–Dindo grade 3. Long-term stoma-related complications were common (55%). Twenty secondary surgeries were performed due to stoma problems such as prolapse, stricture, and bleeding, or conversion to another form of PBD. Thirteen children have undergone liver transplantation, and two are listed for transplantation due to inefficient effect of PBD on pruritus. Serum levels of bile acids in the first week after PBD construction were significantly lower in patients with good relief of pruritus than in those with poor effect (13 [2–192] vs. 148 [5–383] μmol/L; p = 0.02).

Conclusion PBD may ensure long-term satisfactory effect on intolerable pruritus and native liver survival in children with cholestatic liver disease. However, stoma-related problems and reoperations are common.
Bacterial Identification and Monitoring Around Two-Piece Dental Implants by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
Authors: Saha Sonali , Meenawat Ajita , Sahu Chinmoy , Srivastava Vivek , Yadav Shivam , Kumar Vinod
Published: July 2020

Context Early microbiological diagnosis and treatment of periodontal pathogens is important for successful retention of dental implants.

Aims This study aimed to identify and monitor oral bacterial colonization after successful two-piece dental implants.

Settings and Design In this study, 50 two-piece dental implant subjects were included and assessed clinically, radiographically, and microbiologically.

Methods and Material All the parameters were recorded at various stages after prosthesis placement. In each stage, nonadherent (peri-implant sulcular fluid) and adherent (curetted inner threads) samples were collected. Semiquantitative anaerobic culture of the samples were done in Anoxomat system. Bacterial colonies were first identified by routine microbiological methods and then by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method.

Statistical Analysis All the results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods (Chi-square, one factor analysis of variance, etc.).

Results All the bacterial isolates were identified in the MALDI-TOF MS system with no failure. After implant placement for the nonadherent samples, the frequency (%) of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Propionibacterium acnes decreased whereas frequency (%) of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus mitis increased. For adherent samples, the frequency (%) of E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. melaninogenica, and Veillonella parvula decreased, whereas frequency (%) of S. mitis and Streptococcus mutans increased. The postimplant mean nonadherent and adherent bacterial load increased with time but not significantly over the periods (p = 0.302 and 0.123, respectively).

Conclusion Combination of basic (semiquantitative culture method) and advanced microbiological method (MALDI-TOF MS) can be useful for accurate detection and monitoring of potential pathogens around two-piece dental implants.