bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
e-Dialogues Spark Debate on the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation
Authors: Reeve Sophie , Cartmell Susanna , Mutimer Alice , Frost Olivia
Published: April 2022

In early 2022, the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) Programme of the Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC), in partnership with the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network and Foresight4Food, held an e-Dialogue series: Towards an Equitable and Sustainable Transformation of Food Systems. This followed an earlier, highly successful series organised with the same partners in the second half of 2020 on What Future for Small-Scale Farming? The latest series included three online Zoom sessions led by APRA over January-March 2022 on topics including COVID-19 and its effects on local food systems and rural livelihoods, and transition pathways and strategies for supporting more equitable and resilient food systems in Africa. These virtual events were designed to replace an international conference that was part of APRA’s original end-of-programme plan, before the COVID-19 crisis prevented large, physical gatherings. The three e-Dialogues brought together APRA researchers and expert commentators from across sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a wider audience. The objective of these dialogues was to examine evidence and lessons from APRA’s six-year collaborative research programme (2016-22) analysing the dynamics of agricultural commercialisation processes, agrarian change and rural transformation in the region. This report looks at their impact, what worked well, and what could have been improved.
Food Security and Nutrition Inequities in the Context of Agricultural Commercialisation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Gordon Jessica
Published: April 2022

Many sub-Saharan African countries are choosing to prioritise market-oriented agricultural production as a central component of their agricultural and economic development strategies. An increasing focus on inequity in international development research has in part been driven by the observation of persistent and worsening marginalisation of particular groups. In some cases this has been linked to agricultural commercialisation processes (i.e. farmers becoming increasingly market-oriented) and unequal food security and nutrition outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. This narrative literature review addresses the question: what are the different forms and processes of inequity seen to influence unequal food security and nutrition outcomes in the context of agricultural commercialisation in sub-Saharan Africa? The review findings point to a rich and diverse set of literature exploring various dimensions of inequity in relation to agricultural commercialisation, food security and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. To facilitate exploration of these dimensions, and drawing on other recent equity literature framings, inequities are conceptualised and examined at three intersecting levels: (1) unequal food security and nutrition outcomes based on social position, (2) underlying material circumstances, and (3) basic structural causes. The review provides a first step to advancing theoretical understandings around these three intersecting areas and suggests further research is needed to explore and define inequities and further develop the conceptual framework. This is considered a critical priority to mitigate against and reverse existing food security and nutrition inequities that might in part be attributed to agricultural commercialisation processes.
Profil Pengetahuan dan Tingkat Kepatuhan terhadap Protokol Kesehatan COVID-19 oleh Masyarakat di Area Pedesaan
Authors: Dinina Fakhriyah , Rahma Aulia Rozita , Setiawan Devina , Fajar Doni Sofyan , Kristinawati Salsabilla , Softyana Vida , Pratiwi Vidia Dwi , Windasari Dania Ayu , Ristanti Anita Dwi , Bachmid Qonita Azmi , Nabila Fairuz Izza , Nugraheni Gesnita
Published: April 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 masih berlangsung dan telah menimbulkan disrupsi besar pada berbagai sektor kehidupan. Tindakan pencegahan terus digencarkan melalui penerapan protokol kesehatan dan menjadi kunci dalam mengendalikan wabah COVID-19. Masyarakat desa dimungkinkan memiliki karakteristik khas sehubungan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor demografi yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap protokol kesehatan. Dilakukan studi cross-sectional dengan cara survei kepada masyarakat Desa Padang Rindu dengan kriteria inklusi: berdomisili pada Desa Padang Rindu, Propinsi Lampung, mampu membaca dan menulis, serta bersedia menjadi responden survei dengan usia ≥18 tahun atau <18 tahun dengan persetujuan wali. Responden didapatkan dengan cara accidental dan snowball sampling. Pengolahan data secara deskriptif dan inferensial antara faktor demografi terhadap pengetahuan dan kepatuhan protokol kesehatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik yang sesuai dengan jenis dan normalitas data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup baik (n=44;50%) dan kepatuhan protokol kesehatan yang baik. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan ditunjukkan antara faktor demografi dengan pengetahuan dan praktik protokol kesehatan (p >0,05). Pengetahuan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan praktik protokol kesehatan (p >0,05). Hasil uji beda menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan skor pengetahuan dan kepatuhan praktik protokol kesehatan berdasarkan faktor demografi (p >0,05). Pengetahuan yang cukup baik, tingkat kepatuhan protokol kesehatan yang baik, serta penerapan gaya hidup sehat yang telah dilakukan oleh mayoritas responden menunjukkan partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam memutus rantai penyebaran COVID-19.
Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Penggunaan Masker dan Hand Sanitizer saat Pandemi COVID-19 pada Generasi Milenial di Jawa Timur
Authors: Qur'ana Afifatul , Tsani Ais Amalia , Judoko Ardian Lestari , Ramadhanti Filzah Firzanah , Suryani Hikmah Ayu , D.A Maulidany Rifkha , Aulia Nanda Intan , Hanifa Qory , Anggraina Rina Dwi , Salsabila Salsabila , Utami Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Sejak pandemi COVID-19, personal care product seperti masker dan hand sanitizer menjadi produk yang banyak dicari dan dibutuhkan generasi milenial. Masker digunakan untuk mencegah transmisi virus melalui droplet dari orang yang terinfeksi. Pencegahan penularan COVID-19 lebih efektif jika diiringi kebiasaan mencuci tangan dengan sabun. Namun penggunaannya kurang praktis ketika berpergian, sehingga hand sanitizer dipilih sebagai alternatif. Berdasarkan survei sosial demografi, generasi milenial cenderung lebih tidak taat dalam berperilaku menggunakan masker dan hand sanitizer dibandingkan kelompok usia lain karena mereka menganggap lebih tahan terhadap COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku penggunaan masker dan hand sanitizer pada generasi milenial. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara accidental sampling dengan kriteria inklusi laki-laki/perempuan berusia 16-30 tahun, bukan mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga, dan berdomisili di Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring melalui google form. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada 128 responden didapatkan bahwa responden memiliki pengetahuan yang baik terkait masker dan hand sanitizer namun sikap dan perilakunya masih kurang terutama dalam penggunaan hand sanitizer yang benar. Perlu dilakukan promosi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya menggunakan hand sanitizer dan masker dengan benar untuk memperbaiki sikap dan perilaku dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19.
Pengaruh Media Komunikasi terhadap Kesesuaian dan Penggunaan Suplemen di Masyarakat Kota Surabaya Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Rizkia Firda Arifatu , Anugrahswari Mareta Putri , Nurhalima Nurhalima , Priyambudi Paskalis Yosna , Wirabuana Rahma Khoirunnisa , Afifah Elok Dzul , Handayani Naomi Tri , Yuwawira Abid Ananta , Nuraini Lailatul , Ramadhanty Aisyah Nabila , Achmad Gusti Noorrizka Veronika
Published: April 2022

Pola perilaku masyarakat dalam mencari pengobatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan, keyakinan dan sarana kesehatan. Paparan iklan pada media komunikasi akan mempengaruhi perilaku dalam konsumsi suplemen. Adanya informasi yang tidak tepat dan tidak lengkap pada iklan obat dapat menyebabkan kesalahan penggunaan obat hingga berpengaruh pada kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media komunikasi terhadap kesesuaian penggunaan suplemen dan peningkatan penggunaan suplemen saat pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survei dengan metode analitik dan pendekatan kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Kota Surabaya dengan instrumen kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online dengan platform google form. Penelitian menggunakan teknik non-random sampling. Dalam pengujian terhadap hubungan antar variabel atau hipotesis peneliti menggunakan uji Kendall’s Tau. Hasil penelitian dari 322 responden menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh media komunikasi terhadap penggunaan suplemen dengan p = 0,122 (α >0,05). Mayoritas responden (252 responden; 78,3%) memiliki kesesuaian penggunaan suplemen saat pandemi COVID-19 dalam hal frekuensi, jumlah, dan indikasi yang baik. Pada uji beda mengenai penggunaan suplemen didapatkan p = 0,000 (α <0,05) yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan penggunaan suplemen sebelum dan saat pandemi COVID-19. Terdapat peningkatan konsumsi suplemen saat pandemi COVID-19. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah media komunikasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesesuaian dan penggunaan suplemen saat pandemi COVID-19 serta terdapat peningkatan penggunaan suplemen sebelum dan saat pandemi.
Identifikasi Pengetahuan Masyarakat Usia Produktif mengenai Obat Tradisional sebagai Imunomodulator di Masa Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Nashrullah Muhammad , Anisah Siti Umi , Agustin Salsa Lina , Sudjaya Brenda Norton , Fathoni Muhammad Nur , Asmoro Febe Harum , Putri Angkasa Luh Karlina Febriyani , Prameswari Elsa Safira , Syahbana Muhammad Aji , Dyfianti Syarifa , Puspitasari Hanni Prihhastuti
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi krisis kesehatan dunia dikarenakan penyebarannya yang sangat cepat. COVID-19 bisa dicegah dengan kondisi imun yang baik. Imunitas yang baik juga dapat mempercepat penyembuhan pasien COVID-19. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan imunitas ialah dengan menjaga pola hidup sehat. Selain itu, dapat dilakukan dengan mengkonsumsi imunostimulan yang bisa meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Imunostimulan juga dapat diperoleh dari tanaman herbal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan masyarakat usia produktif mengenai obat tradisional sebagai imunomodulator di masa pandemi COVI-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil survei yang dilakukan pada 133 responden menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden mengenai pengertian jamu secara umum dan jamu sebagai imunomodulator masih kurang. Frekuensi konsumsi jamu selama pandemi COVID-19 lebih tinggi dibandingkan periode sebelum pandemi terutama dalam bentuk jamu racikan. Sementara itu, pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pengolahan jamu dinilai cukup.
Identifikasi Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Merokok pada Anak di Bawah Umur di Indonesia
Authors: Oxa Mohammad Gerry , Prasanti Nathania hendrata , Kusumo Adristy ratna , Izzah Ibanah , Azizah Arina nur , Purnama Dini fanisya , Fadhilah Siti nur , Ningtyas Ratna dwi , Amaliah Wanda rizqi , Tantri Putu karina , Hikmah Hamidah izzatul , Yuda Ana
Published: April 2022

Merokok merupakan kebiasaan buruk yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang berujung pada kematian dini. Selain itu, merokok sangat erat kaitannya dengan berbagai penyakit neurologis, kardiovaskular, dan paru. Perilaku merokok dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti pengetahuan, sikap, dan lingkungan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku merokok pada anak di bawah umur di Indonesia. Responden dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi yaitu anak usia 13-17 tahun, perokok aktif baik rokok tembakau maupun rokok elektrik, masih merokok sampai dilakukan pendataan, dan berdomisili di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner online terstruktur yang telah divalidasi. Hasil responden selanjutnya dianalisis untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman. Terdapat 90 responden pada penelitian ini. Mayoritas responden berusia 17 tahun (55,56%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (77,78%). Rentang usia termuda responden mulai merokok adalah 5-10 tahun (10%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara masing-masing variabel pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku merokok. Edukasi terkait bahaya merokok harus terus dilanjutkan, terlebih pada perokok di bawah umur.
Identifikasi Pengetahuan dan Penggunaan Mouthwash Antiseptik Herbal pada Remaja Usia 15-24 Tahun di Pulau Jawa-Madura
Authors: Lestari Dewi , Melania Imamatin Nufus , Eliyana Yunita , Savitri Erika Diah , Insani Lu’lukul Ilma Nabila , Subekti Muhammad Sultoni Fajar , Sya’baniyah Noer Halimatus , Fadhilah Nur , Nursyabania Latifa , Balbeid Saidah Usman , Sukorini Anila Impian
Published: April 2022

Permasalahan gigi dan mulut menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Selain menyebabkan rasa sakit dan ketidaknyamanan, masalah gigi dan mulut juga berdampak pada penampilan seseorang. Bau mulut merupakan salah satu dari masalah gigi dan mulut yang banyak diperhatikan oleh individu terutama pada usia remaja karena dapat menurunkan rasa percaya diri. Umumnya, masalah gigi dan mulut dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan mouthwash. Ditinjau dari segi khasiat maupun potensi efek samping yang ditimbulkan, mouthwash antiseptik herbal memiliki prospek yang lebih baik dibandingkan mouthwash beralkohol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan dan penggunaan mouthwash herbal pada usia remaja (15-24 tahun). Adapun metode yang digunakan yaitu survei dengan metode sampling non-random dan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang disebarkan di Pulau Jawa-Madura. Diperoleh total 175 responden. Berdasarkan pengolahan data, hampir semua responden mengetahui manfaat mouthwash herbal (n=162; 93,1%). Dalam aspek penggunaan, sebagian responden kurang tepat dalam hal lama penggunaan mouthwash herbal (n=92; 52,6%). Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dibutuhkan promosi kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan penggunaan mouthwash antiseptik herbal sehingga diperoleh khasiat  yang lebih optimal.
Integration of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) on Hotel Room Repurchase Intention using Online Hotel Room Booking Applications
Authors: Kurniawan Andi Sigit , Widowati Retno , Handayani Siti Dyah
Published: April 2022

Objective: The business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce or online shopping market is growing rapidly and has become one of the most exciting developments in e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of perceived ease of use, service quality, customer trust on the mediating role of customer satisfaction on perceived ease of use of online hotel room booking applications on repurchase intention.
Design/Methods/Approach: The research sample size is 183 respondents who used the RedDoorz application at Indonesian hotel locations. Data are collected by distributing online questionnaires using a Likert scale point 1 to 5. The data analysis technique is carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method.
Findings: The results of this study indicate that customer satisfaction as a mediator has a positive but not significant effect on service quality. The results of this study also show that partial customer satisfaction has a significant influence on the repurchase intention.
Originality: This study shows that the use of theory of reasoned action to explain the customer satisfaction variable as a mediation can be done by predicting the repurchase intention of consumers in online hotel room booking applications.
Practical/Policy implication: The managerial implications of this research can be considered for business stakeholders to ensure service quality, user convenience, and customer trust so that customers feel satisfied and can order again.
AGENESIS OF MEDIAL PATELLOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (MPFL) WITH HABITUAL PATELLAR DISLOCATION IN ADOLESCENT WOMAN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Hartono Felix Giovanni , Manyakori Bramta Putra , Budaya Agus Sari
Published: April 2022

Background: The current treatment for habitual dislocation and nonoperative treatment failure is surgical therapy. Therefore, this study describes chronic patella dislocation's comprehensive evaluation and management in an adolescent woman with cerebral palsy (CP).Case Report: A 15 years old female patient has suffered knee pain for almost three years. Furthermore, the physical examination revealed positive adam's forward bending test and left knee cap dislocation with positive patellar J-sign at 90°. Radiologic examination of the vertebrae and left knee shows scoliosis left thoracolumbar curved with 43 cobb angle and patellar shift. The patient was then diagnosed with habitual patellar dislocation, spastic diplegia type of CP, and neuromuscular scoliosis, consulted to the pediatric department, and then planned for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. During the surgical examination, we discovered the MPFL Agenesis. Finally, lateral release and plication of the medial retinaculum were selected for surgery and planned to receive a Boston brace for scoliosis. After six weeks of follow up, the patient shows a reduction in pain.Discussion: Lateral release and MPFL reconstruction for patellar stabilization generate better results. However, in this case, the absence of the medial patellar facet and the medial femoral condyle enhances Lateral release and plication of the medial retinaculum more preferable to fixate the left patella and improve functional limitation.Conclusion: Comprehensive and immediate treatment for a patient with habitual patella dislocation and other predisposition diseases increases the chances of success.
Educação antirracista e democratização do ensino superior
Authors: Gomes Soares Claudete
Published: April 2022

O objetivo desse artigo é problematizar as relações entre ensino superior e branquitude por meio de uma reflexão sobre o lugar da educação antirracista no projeto de expansão e interiorização do ensino superior no Brasil. Essa análise será feita em consideração a minha imersão enquanto mulher negra, professora universitária, no contexto acadêmico de uma universidade que é fruto do processo de expansão do ensino superior na região Sul do Brasil: a UFFS (Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul). Para tanto, serão utilizadas como fontes de análise: documentos institucionais, propostas curriculares, produções acadêmicas com foco no projeto institucional e político-pedagógico dessa instituição de ensino.
Práticas curriculares antirracistas na residência pedagógica – Pedagogia (CE) UNILAB
Authors: E Silva Geranilde Costa , Oliveira Evaldo Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

Apresenta práticas curriculares antirracistas do Programa Residência Pedagógica da Pedagogia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-brasileira (UNILAB/CE). Programa federal voltado ao aperfeiçoamento da formação prática junto às licenciaturas. Os/as licenciando/as (brasileiros/as e africanos/as) fizeram uso da literatura africana e afro-brasileira para desenvolver atividades formativas e didáticas-pedagógicas antirracistas. Sendo evidenciado o estranhamento das crianças quanto a essa literatura, resistência às atividades, preconceito quanto à África e pessoas negras/africanas. À medida que foi dada continuidade às atividades pedagógicas, foi possível perceber o interesse das crianças em participar, em compreender sobre as diversidades e combater o racismo.
Research on the Applicability of the MFN Clause in BITs in the Dispute Settlement Procedure
Authors: Li Yunbing
Published: April 2022

There is no doubt that the MFN clause in BITs applies to substantive matters, but there are great differences on the application of procedural matters. This paper first expounds the MFN clause in BITs, then discusses the dispute over the application of the MFN clause in dispute settlement, and finally makes an evaluation on the dispute.
HEDONIC VALUATION OF MARGINAL WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Saptutyningsih Endah , Basuki Agus Tri
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aims to identify the highest air pollution areas and to estimate household marginal willingness to pay for air quality improvement. The result of Kriging technique indicates that six sub districts in Yogyakarta City and one sub district in Gunungkidul have highest concentration of particle pollution (PM10). The result of hedonic price method conclude that by adopting a two-stage estimation procedure an 1% increase in the level of PM10 reduced property prices in the study area by 0.32%. Marginal implicit price for reducing PM10 is Rp 957,900.00. The households are willing to pay an additional amount of 1.34 percent for a reduction in PM10 by 1%.Keywords: Air pollution, marginal willingness to pay, hedonic price, implicit priceJEL classification numbers: D12, Q53AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi daerah polusi udara tertinggi dan untuk memperkirakan kesediaan marginal rumah tangga untuk membayar untuk perbaikan kualitas udara. Dengan menggunakan teknik Kriging, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam kecamatan di Kota Yogyakarta dan satu kecamatan di Gunungkidul memiliki konsentrasi tertinggi partikel polusi (PM10). Sementara itu, dengan metode harga hedonik yang mengadopsi prosedur dua tahap, paper ini menyimpulkan bahwa setiap peningkatan PM10 sebesar 1% akan menurunkan harga properti di daerah penelitian sebesar 0.32 persen. Harga implisit marjinal untuk mengurangi PM10 adalah Rp 957,900. Rumah tangga bersedia membayar tambahan 1,34 persen untuk pengurangan PM10 sebesar 1%.Kata kunci: Polusi udara, keinginan membayar marjinal, harga hedonik, SIG, harga implisitJEL classification numbers: D12, Q53
Production of Various Monomer-Ratio Biodegradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) Films for Wide Range of Applications
Authors: Pospíšilová Aneta , Vodicka Juraj , Trudicova Monika , Juglova Zuzana , Smilek Jiri , Menčík Přemysl , Másilko Jiří , Slaninova Eva , Melčová Veronika , Kalina Michal , Obruča Stanislav , Sedlacek Petr
Published: April 2022

Films prepared from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymers produced by Aneurinibacillus sp. H1 using an automatic film applicator were homogeneous and had a defined thickness, which allowed a detailed study of physicochemical properties. Their properties were compared with a poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer film prepared by the same procedure, which proved to be significantly more crystalline by DSC and XRD. Structural differences between samples had a major impact on their properties. With increasing 4-hydroxybutyrate content, the ductility and release rate of the model hydrophilic active ingredient increased significantly. Other observed properties, such as the release of the hydrophobic active substance, the contact angle with water and ethylene glycol, or the surface morphology and roughness, were also affected by the composition. The identified properties predetermine these copolymers for wide use in areas such as biomedicine or smart biodegradable packaging for food or cosmetics. The big advantage is the possibility of fine-tuning properties simply by changing the fermentation conditions.
Progressive Respiratory Insufficiency in a Teenager with Diaphragmatic Hypomotility Due to a Novel Combination of Gliomedin Gene Variants
Authors: Eurich Benjamin , Nitsche Catharina , Lau Margot , Hanker Britta , Spiegler Juliane , Stichtenoth Guido
Published: April 2022

Lethal congenital contracture syndrome 11 (LCCS11) is a form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) which is associated with mutations in the gliomedin gene (GLDN) and has been known to be severely life-shortening, mainly due to respiratory insufficiency. Patients with this condition have been predominantly treated by pediatricians as they usually do not survive beyond childhood. In this case report we present a young adult who developed severe progressive respiratory insufficiency as a teenager due to diaphragmatic hypomotility and was diagnosed with LCCS11 following the finding of compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in GLDN. This case demonstrates the importance of screening for neuromuscular diseases in well-child visits and follow-ups of patients at risk for gross and fine motor function developmental delay. It also underscores the significance of including LCCS11 and other axonopathies in the differential diagnosis of juvenile onset of respiratory insufficiency, highlights that patients with this condition may present to adult practitioners and questions whether the nomenclature of this condition with various phenotypes should be reconsidered due to the stigmatizing term ‘lethal’.
Application of Two Field Methods for Monitoring Microbiological Water Quality in a Polluted Tropical Environment - A Pilot Study
Authors: Taube Fabian , Cerenius Folke , Faksvåg Karl Kristian , Limo Hillary , Khorram-Manesh Amir
Published: April 2022

(1) Background: Emergencies confront civilian and military healthcare providers with medical and hygienic challenges due to the lack of potable water. This pilot study aimed to describe the application of two different methods for microbiological monitoring of water in a harsh environment in terms of performance, ease of use, availability, and the possibility of using the results to evaluate water quality. (2) Methods: Samples from raw water, Potable water, and water for consumers were taken from two different camps with the same raw water source. The samples were analyzed by using IDEXX industry-standard methods (Colilert and Enterolert enzymatic test kits) and a combination of membrane filtration and 3M-Petrifilm. (3) Results: The IDEXX method used at the Norwegian Camp are easier to utilize and has a broader range of analyzing kits for drinking water analysis. In addition, IDEXX is better adapted to the requirements of the national legislation. However, the combination of membrane filtration followed by incubation on 3M-Petrifilm ™, as used at the Swedish camp, is a better field alternative compared to traditional bacteriology, as it eliminates the need to produce and store agar plates. (4) Conclusions: This pilot study highlights the need for adapted technical equipment and tools for internal microbiological control of water production in a harsh field environment and may facilitate the use of a relatively simple method for water control and ensure the safety of deployed staff in both civilian and military settings.
Experimental Study of Wet Cells HHO Generator using Galvanized Steel Plate Electrodes
Authors: Pratiwi Putri , Fachrurrozi Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Requirements of fuel oil increases along with the increasing their consumption in many sectors such as transportation, industrial and others. This issue has attracted great reseacher’s attention to find the alternative solution as a substitute for fossil fuel energy. Oxygen Hydrogen Hydrogen gas (HHO) can be used as one of this solution. HHO gas can be produced using wet cell HHO generator type. The objective of this research was to construct a simple wet cell HHO generator system and determine the performance of this generator. We use galvanized steel pelate as electrode with thickness 1,2 mm, NaOH catalyst in the electrolyte solution. The results showed that the HHO gas maximum productivity of the cell was 0,0022 L/h, the highest efficiency was 11% with a power consumption of 69.3 Watts.
Preventive Maintenance Study on H-25 Gas Turbine
Authors: Sulaiman  , Fahmirullah
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the time-based maintenance method preventive maintenance, namely major inspection on the efficiency of H-25 gas turbine. The efficiency calculation method based on operating data from the gas turbine. The effect of major inspection can be seen from the compressor efficiency, turbine efficiency and fuel consumption. The results of calculations before the major inspection are 80% of compressor efficiency, 83% of turbine efficiency, and 0.751 kg/kWh of fuel consumption, while after the major inspection, compressor efficiency is 80%, turbine efficiency is 85% and fuel consumption is 0.740 kg/kWh.
DEM-Based Numerical Investigation of Seismic Stability of Rock Slope in Terms of Rigid Block Displacement
Authors: Cui Zhen , Zhang Maochu , Sheng Qian
Published: April 2022

For the seismic behavior of a rock slope or more specifically a rock wedge, the limit equilibrium method is frequently utilized to determine the static and pseudo-static safety factor, and the Newmark method is usually applied to estimate the permanent dynamic displacement. However, the two methods are relatively complex, which negatively affects their usage in engineering practice. A new idea to analyze the static and dynamic stability of a complex rock slope was provided in this paper by combing the rigid discrete element method (DEM), shear strength reduction (SSR) method, and Newmark method. The research results show that (1) by setting the joint contact stiffness to a very large magnitude, the joint displacement caused by the reduction of joint contact stiffness during the SSR calculation process can be considered ignorable, making the contact behavior between the respective two joints approximately satisfy the rigid-plastic assumption. In this manner, it is feasible to calculate the static and pseudo-static safety factor (SF) and the permanent dynamic displacement of a rock wedge with the rigid DEM. (2) The SF and sliding forces of wedges can be directly calculated by this new method without any auxiliary assumption of motion direction or sliding type. Additionally, the new method is suitable for complex wedges, which is important to practical design. (3) The rigid DEM can be realized in 3DEC, which is testified in this paper by 5 classic static examples and 3 typical dynamic examples. (4) The effect of some important parameters, such as the excitation acceleration amplitude and dip of intersection line between two joints, on the dynamic displacement and SF under dynamic excitation was analyzed. The parameter analysis revealed that evaluating the seismic performance of a rock slope only with the pseudo-static SF would potentially underestimate the seismic displacement, under some special conditions. (5) An example case was presented in this paper that the seismic stability assessment of a block was performed with the proposed approach in terms of seismic displacement. And the slope reinforcement scheme was suggested with respect to exceedance probability. It is noted that the reinforcement scheme obtained from the rigid DEM has a better cost-saving benefit under the same SF. Overall, the knowledge gained in this paper may offer a new idea for the static and dynamic analysis to the rock slope stability.
Analyses of True-Triaxial Hydraulic Fracturing of Granite Samples for an Enhanced Geothermal System
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hu Qinhong , Chen Wenyi , Gao Yang , Li De , Feng Xiating
Published: April 2022

The fracturing behavior of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) reservoirs merits investigation under field-relevant temperature and stress conditions, in order to understand the creation of an extensive fracture network that helps achieve a high heat exchange efficiency. In this work, hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted on two 300 mm sized cubic granite samples at room (32°C) and field-relevant (250°C) temperatures under true triaxial compression conditions. The failure behavior and fracturing plane were studied using acoustic emission (AE) testing, μm-scale computed tomography (μm-CT), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), in addition to the monitoring and analyses of pressure-flow curve during fracturing. The results show that (1) at the macroscale, the strength of the granite sample was weakened at high (field-relevant) temperature, as shown by a decrease in the breakdown pressure and increase in closure pressure from the pressure-flow curve; (2) at the microscale, the failure pattern of grains during fracturing did not differ much at high and room temperatures for both intergranular and transgranular fractures; and (3) due to upscaling issues from the laboratory to field, however, the laboratory experiment will not directly provide some critical parameters (e.g., mud window pressure needed for fracture initiation and borehole failure avoidance) needed for an EGS field exploration.
Petroleum Engineering Continues To Drop, But There Is Talk of Better Times Ahead
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: April 2022

For the seventh year in a row, the number of undergraduates in petroleum engineering (PE) programs is down, but that could be changing.

Over the next year, Lloyd Heinze, a PE professor at Texas Tech University who has long done the survey discussed here, sees this downward trend slowing and then stabilizing in the next couple of years. There is no sure way to predict which majors undergraduates will pick, but there are some long-standing patterns to consider.

Based on past long slumps for US programs, the decline line is nearing a point where it stabilizes at a low level for years, and when the industry lives off the surge in PE graduates that occurred during the previous boom years.

But there is another trend that could change things. There has always been a strong relationship between class sizes and the preceding increases in oil price. The recent surge in oil prices to more than $90/bbl could signal a rebound, as it did early this century when it helped end the slump that dated back to the 1980s.

If those two trends apply, it could mean “there will be fewer bachelor’s degrees awarded this year, and after that we will be back to growing ever so slightly. And then 2 years from now we will be overwhelmed,” by new students, Heinze said.

So far, the survey is not offering evidence of a change from the down trend.

The best indicator of the size of future graduation classes is the level of undergraduate enrollment. During the slide down, the number of seniors has been far greater than the number of freshmen.

This year’s class shows that gap has narrowed. To stabilize it, the number of freshmen will need to far exceed the size of the senior class because another pattern is at work.

Heinze said the number of freshmen and sophomores who say they will major in petroleum engineering drops by 30% per class year as these students realize what is required, which includes proficiency in calculus.

Hiring Drives Enrollment

While it is hard to deny the power of higher oil prices to increase oil industry activity, Heinze and others in academia contacted for this story point out that the ultimate driver is the industry’s appetite for new engineers.

Students and their parents are looking for signs that the hard and costly job of getting a PE degree is rewarded with a job and a salary that justifies the effort.

So far, those in PE programs are seeing an improved job market with demand for the graduates they are supplying. When Texas A&M announced a spring job fair, there was a strong response from potential employers, said Tom Blasingame, a professor of petroleum engineering at Texas A&M and 2021 SPE president. He said the market is much improved for students seeking jobs, but it is not like the boom days when multiple offers were common.

“I do not believe that oil prices are going to help us significantly in increasing the enrollment,” said Mohan Kelkar, chairman of the McDougall School of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Tulsa, who sees oil companies sticking to conservative spending programs.
Lithium Drives EV, Grid Storage as Industry Scrambles To Fill Supply Deficit
Authors: Szymczak Pat Davis
Published: April 2022

What fossil fuel was to the industrial revolution, lithium is to today’s energy transition.

Often referred to as the oil of the 21st century, this strategic commodity is essential to the manufacture of batteries, from the 35- to 100-kWh type that power electric vehicles (EVs) to grid-size 100-MW (and larger) battery energy storage systems (BESS) such as those at Tesla’s Gambit Energy Storage Park near Houston, whose power capacity is among the highest in the US.

Because lithium-ion batteries charge quickly and last longer due to their higher power density, it is not surprising that as the energy transition picks up the pace, the demand for lithium is rapidly outstripping supply, leaving the industry scrambling to find new sources—whether that means opening new mines or devising new technologies to extract lithium from brines, including brines found in water produced from oil and gas operations.

In the EV arena, Deloitte forecast a 29% compound annual growth rate in EV sales over this decade, predicting that EVs will comprise 32% of new car sales by 2030 with China commanding 49% of the market, Europe holding 27%, and the US at 14%.

The US Environmental Protection Agency attributes 30% of US greenhouse-gas emissions to transportation, a fact that has prompted the automobile industry to shift into transformational mode to make this decade the tipping point when EVs become mainstream.

Catching the Vibe at CES

In her keynote at the 2022 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Nevada, in January, General Motors CEO Mary Barra announced that in 2023, GM will launch production of its long-anticipated electric Chevrolet Silverado pickup truck, a move made possible by the company’s $35-billion investment strategy announced last summer to compete with Tesla.

GM’s investment plan through 2025 targets, among other things, “on lining” four new, US-based lithium-ion cell production plants with a combined cell production capacity of 140 GWh/year, based on the company’s proprietary Ultium platform.

Ultium Cells LLC, a joint venture with LG Energy Solution, announced in late January it would build its third plant in Lansing, Michigan. The JV is currently constructing plants in Lordstown, Ohio, and Spring Hill, Tennessee; the location of the fourth plant has yet to be announced.

Back in Las Vegas, Sony grabbed headlines at CES by reaffirming it will open its own automobile unit, Sony Mobility Inc., in the spring of 2022, and Chrysler, a part of the Netherland’s Stellanis group, treated CES visitors to a look at its first EV concept car which is planned to launch in 2025.

From that standing start, Stellanis said it expects to convert 70% of its European vehicle sales and 40% of its US sales over to the EV category by 2030.
Challenges Overcome in Drilling and Testing a Deep, Deviated HP/HT Offshore Gas Well
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207506, “Deepest Deviated HP/HT Gas Well Drilling and Testing Challenges on an Offshore Island: Case Study,” by Mubashir Ahmad, SPE, Ayman El Shahat, and M. Osama El-Meguid, ADNOC, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A deep deviated appraisal well in the Upper Khuff reservoir on a small artificial island approximately 100 km offshore Abu Dhabi was drilled and tested successfully. The project was driven by the goal of maximizing ultimate value and benefit for the operator, its partners, the community, and the UAE. The field is in a highly sensitive and ecologically important area and is designated a United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Biosphere Reserve. The complete paper presents the challenges faced and overcome while drilling and testing the high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) sour offshore well.

Background

The operator has pursued the appraisal and delineation of the Arab, Khuff, and Pre-Khuff gas reservoirs in the huge offshore shallow-water field west of Abu Dhabi. During the early 1980s, in order to evaluate the field’s capability, an evaluative program was launched that involved dredging a channel and creating an artificial island, from which a test well was drilled and capped. Many wells have been drilled in the structure since, all in the northwest part of the field. Testing results have indicated impurities [including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2)] ranging from 14 to 33% in some reservoirs.
Well-Integrity-Management Approach in HP/HT Gas Field Ensures Stable Production
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: April 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 208443, “Integrity Evaluation and Management in High-Temperature, High-Pressure, and High-Production-Rate Wells in Southwest China,” by Dajiang Zhu, Yu Fan, and Huali Zhang, PetroChina, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Longwangmiao (LM) gas field in southwest China features high-pressure (HP; approximately 75–76 MPa), high-temperature (HT; approximately 144–156°C), and high-production-rate (approximately 700 000–1 million m3/d) characteristics. Serious well-integrity problems were encountered in the development process. Wellhead growth was present in 33 wells, and four wells exhibited gas leakage through wellhead valves. A well-integrity-management system was developed based on annulus-pressure-management technology, wellhead-growth-risk analysis and control, downhole leakage detection, and wellhead corrosion and erosion detection, ensuring the safe and stable production of gas wells.

Introduction

In the four wells that experienced gas leakage after well completion, this mainly consisted of damage to and leakage of the wellhead valve stem seal, tail rod, and flange connection (Fig. 1). In addition, corrosion and internal leakage in six wellhead valves with a material level rating of FF also was detected. The corrosion and leakage of wellhead equipment has become a restrictive factor for the rapid and safe development of the gas reservoir. In addition, because the average gas-production rate of a single well is greater than 700 000 m3/d, and the wellhead temperature is greater than 90°C during production, the wellhead generally is lifted. After the gas reservoir was put into operation, under the influence of the rise of wellbore temperature, 33 of the 56 production wells were monitored for wellhead growth. The average growth was 4 mm for production wells, and the maximum value was nearly 30 mm.
Influence of Natural Fractures on Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Tight Middle Eastern Reservoir
Authors: Al Mteiri Shaikhah Abdulla , Suboyin Abhijith , Rahman Md Motiur , Haroun Mohammed
Published: April 2022

This extensive study deals with propagation behavior of induced hydraulic fractures in naturally fractured formation within heterogeneous Middle Eastern tight gas reservoirs. This can strongly support the development and design process of highly heterogeneous reservoirs in the Middle East.

This comprehensive investigation based on field data demonstrates the assessment methods of hydraulic fracture propagation behavior and its correlated effects in presence of natural fractures. A sensitivity analysis showing the significance of hydraulic fracturing treatment design that are operationally controllable is also presented. Further assessment in terms of varying fracture geometry, natural fracture sets and its effect on the productivity are also presented.

The introduced natural fracture sets further illustrate the significance of the natural fracture properties in this assessment. An intensive parametric study would additionally assist to understand the underlying flow behavior in the presence of complex fracture sets in tight reservoirs. Stress contrast, fracture toughness, orientation and angle of intersection are a few critical factors that can be coupled for further analysis. The results have been extended to current field applications while incorporating a case study field data of a recently operated fracturing job within the Middle East. Moreover, a parametric workflow that suggests optimum design parameters including number of transverse hydraulic fractures/clusters, their orientation and spacing, and parameters of fracturing materials, are also proposed.

A comprehensive investigation was conducted to create a representative model for a Middle Eastern tight gas formation with provided field data. This study is unique as it is based on a Middle Eastern candidate field and offers an insights to challenges and assist future fracturing designs for the region.
A New Real Time Prediction of Equivalent Circulation Density from Drilling Surface Parameters Without using PWD Tool
Authors: Al-Rubaii Mohammed Murif , Al-Nassar Fawaz Y , Al-Harbi Saleh
Published: April 2022

Equivalent circulating density for the used drilling fluids while drilling operations should meet the requirements such as stability of hole section, generated drilling cuttings carrying, mud lubrication & damage of hole section control. The hydrostatic column of mud have to be higher than the pressure of drilled formation, however, must be manipulated to be less than the estimated fracture value of wall of drilled hole section. Thin window while drilling can lead to hole problems such as well control incident (influx, kick and blowout) if the used ECD profile cannot be kept below the margin of fracture gradient and above sand face gradient drilling window margin. Also, could cause damage for drilling formation of hole section and loss of circulation during drilling operations. Obtaining down-hole values for mud properties like density and rheology, contributes to have precise prediction of real time ECD. Evaluation of real time observation of ECD and drop in pressure will allow operators to have more control over annular pressure throughout the wellbore. Which will reduce the risk of kicks, and loss circulation. In this paper, a new models of automated or effective density of drilling mud (EMW) and equivalent density of circulating mud (ECD) while drilling were developed to empower drilling team to closely monitor, optimize and allow immediate interventions. Drilling parameters and fluid rheology of same drilling fluid, hole section were collected for this development. The resulted EMW and ECD were benchmarked against commercial packages with advanced sensors and with strong agreement with absolute average error of (AAE) less than 2%. The developed drilling fluids models of EMW and ECD were applied, automated for time operating center (RTOC). The real time application will allow drilling team to optimize monitoring for performance and mitigate any potential risks for many drilling rigs without the need of using advanced commercial sensors.