bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of health related-quality of life in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Mc Donald Darran , Mc Donnell Tara , Martin-Grace Julie , Mc Manus Gerry , Crowley Rachel K.
Published: February 2023

Background

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare, connective tissue disorder characterised by bone fragility, resulting in recurrent fractures and skeletal deformities. Extra-skeletal manifestations include dentinogenesis imperfecta, hearing abnormalities and lung disease. These co-morbidities combined with recurrent fractures can exert a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). It is important to assess HR-QOL throughout adulthood because the prevalence of some OI-specific complications increases with age.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched on 2nd February 2022 to identify studies reporting quantitative assessments of HR-QOL in adults with OI. The primary endpoint was to determine the impact of an OI diagnosis on adult’s HR-QOL. Secondary endpoints were to (i) examine how frequently various HR-QOL assessment tools were used (ii) identify differences in HR-QOL between OI types and (iii) investigate the determinants of HR-QOL in adults with OI. Search results were exported to Endnote where two reviewers independently conducted title/abstract and full-text reviews. Data from accepted studies were extracted into Microsoft Excel. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken.

Results

The review identified 17 studies with a total of 1,648 adults. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was the most frequently reported HR-QOL assessment tool and was used in nine studies. Physical HR-QOL was reduced in adults with OI. Physical component scores (PCS) or individual physical domains of the SF-36 were lower in eight of nine studies. Mental component scores (MCS) were preserved in all six studies, however individual mental health domains of the SF-36 were reduced in some studies. The prevalence of anxiety/depression was relatively low in adults with OI. Those with type III OI had lower physical and respiratory HR-QOL but preserved mental HR-QOL compared with type I. The prevalence of fatigue and pain was higher in adults with OI compared with reference populations. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.

Conclusion

OI in adulthood has a wide-ranging negative impact on HR-QOL. Physical and respiratory HR-QOL were lower, while the prevalence of pain and fatigue were higher than in reference populations. Mental HR-QOL was relatively preserved, although some deficits were identified. Age and cardio-pulmonary co-morbidities were associated with lower HR-QOL.
A serological screening for potential viral pathogens among semi-domesticated Eurasian tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Finland
Authors: Tryland Morten , Cunha Cristina Wetzel , Fuchs Boris , Breines Eva Marie , Li Hong , Jokelainen Pikka , Laaksonen Sauli
Published: February 2023

Background

Reindeer herding and husbandry is a traditional and important livelihood in Fennoscandia, and about 200,000 semi-domesticated reindeer are herded in Finland. Climatic changes, leading to ice-locked winter pastures, and encroachment of pasture-land have led to changes in reindeer husbandry, increasing the extent of supplementary or full ration feeding, which has become very common in Finland. Keeping reindeer in corrals or gathering them at permanent feeding sites will increase nose-to-nose contact between animals and they may be exposed to poor hygienic conditions. This may impact the epidemiology of infectious diseases, such as viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate Finnish semi-domesticated reindeer for exposure to viral pathogens. Blood samples were collected from 596 reindeer (358 calves, 238 adults) in 2015, from nine reindeer slaughterhouses, representing most of the reindeer herding regions in Finland. Plasma samples were investigated for antibodies against a selection of known and potential reindeer viral pathogens by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Results

The screening suggested that alphaherpesvirus and gammaherpesvirus (malignant catarrhal fever virus group; MCFV) were enzootic in the reindeer population, with a seroprevalence of 46.5% (range at slaughterhouse level 28.6–64.3%) and 29.0% (range 3.5–62.2%), respectively. Whereas the seroprevalence was significantly higher for alphaherpesvirus among adult reindeer (91.2%) as compared to calves (16.8%), no age difference was revealed for antibodies against gammaherpesvirus. For alphaherpesvirus, the seroprevalence in the northernmost region, having the highest animal density (animals/km2), was significantly higher (55.6%) as compared to the southernmost region (36.2%), whereas the seroprevalence pattern for gammaherpesvirus indicated the opposite, with 8.1% in the north and 50.0% in the south. Four reindeer (0.7%) had antibodies against Pestivirus, whereas no antibodies were detected against Bluetongue virus or Schmallenbergvirus.

Conclusions

Alphaherpesvirus and gammaherpesvirus (MCFV) seems to be enzootic in the Finnish reindeer population, similar to other reindeer herds in Fennoscandia, whereas the exposure to Pestivirus was low compared to findings in Norway and Sweden. The ongoing changes in the reindeer herding industry necessitate knowledge on reindeer health and diseases that may impact animal welfare and health of reindeer as well as the economy of the reindeer herding industry.
Transgenic ZmMYB167 Miscanthus sinensis with increased lignin to boost bioenergy generation for the bioeconomy
Authors: Bhatia Rakesh , Timms-Taravella Emma , Roberts Luned A. , Moron-Garcia Odin M. , Hauck Barbara , Dalton Sue , Gallagher Joe A. , Wagner Moritz , Clifton-Brown John , Bosch Maurice
Published: February 2023

Background

Perennial C4 grasses from the genus Miscanthus are widely regarded as leading and promising dedicated bioenergy crops due to their high biomass accumulation on marginal land with low environmental impacts and maintenance requirements over its productive life. There is an urgent socio-political and environmental need to ramp up the production of alternative, affordable and green bioenergy sources and to re-direct the net zero carbon emissions trajectory. Hence, up-scaling of Miscanthus cultivation as a source of biomass for renewable energy could play an important role to strategically address sustainable development goals for a growing bio-based economy. Certain Miscanthus sinensis genotypes are particularly interesting for their biomass productivity across a wide range of locations. As the aromatic biomass component lignin exhibits a higher energy density than cell wall polysaccharides and is generally used as an indicator for heating or calorific value, genetic engineering could be a feasible strategy to develop M. sinensis biomass with increased lignin content and thus improving the energetic value of the biomass.

Results

For this purpose, transgenic M. sinensis were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for expression of ZmMYB167, a MYB transcription factor known for regulating lignin biosynthesis in C3 and C4 grasses. Four independent transgenic ZmMYB167 Miscanthus lines were obtained. Agronomic traits such as plant height, tillering and above-ground dry weight biomass of the transgenic plants were not different to that of wild-type control plants. Total lignin content of the transgenic plants was ~ 15–24% higher compared with control plants. However, the structural carbohydrates, glucan and xylan, were decreased by ~ 2–7% and ~ 8–10%, respectively, in the transgenic plants. Moreover, expression of ZmMYB167 in transgenic plants did not alter lignin composition, phenolic compounds or enzymatic saccharification efficiency yields but importantly improved total energy levels in Miscanthus biomass, equivalent to 10% higher energy yield per hectare.

Conclusions

This study highlights ZmMYB167 as a suitable target for genetic lignin bioengineering interventions aimed at advancing and developing lignocellulosic biomass supply chains for sustainable production of renewable bioenergy.
Preliminary outcomes of DEB-TACE loaded with raltitrexed in the treatment of unresectable or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Wang Yang , Zhang Wenguang , Lu Huibin , Ren Jianzhuang , Han Xinwei
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Raltitrexed shows therapeutic effects and safety in many types of malignant tumors. However, reports of the clinical outcomes of raltitrexed-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or drug-eluting beads TACE (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare. We aim to report the preliminary outcomes of DEB-TACE loaded with raltitrexed in patients with unresectable or recurrent HCC.

Methods

From June 2018 to March 2020, 29 patients with unresectable or recurrent HCC were recruited from our department and treated by DEB-TACE loaded with raltitrexed. Overall survival and progression-free survival were the primary end points. Tumor response was investigated by using the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) criteria.

Results

A total of 49 sessions of DEB-TACE were performed, with a technique success rate of 100%. The overall response rate and disease control rate at 1, 3, and 6 months after DEB-TACE were 72.0% and 96.0%, 57.1% and 85.7%, 47.6% and 66.7% respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival was 25.7 and 33.9 months, respectively. The 6-, 24- and 36-month overall survival rates were 88.4%, 66.3% and 46.3%, respectively. Minor complications were observed in 17 patients (58.6%), with no treatment-related mortality or severe adverse events. The most common treatment-related complications were abdominal pain (41.4%) and elevated ALT/AST (27.6%).

Conclusion

DEB-TACE loaded with raltitrexed is suggested as a safe, feasible, efficacious palliative regimen in unresectable or recurrent HCC patients.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with confirmed COVID-19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital in Manila, Philippines
Authors: Lota-Salvado Rhanee , Padua Jay Ron , Agrupis Kristal An , Malijan Greco Mark , Sayo Ana Ria , Suzuki Shuichi , Go Grace Devota , Smith Chris
Published: February 2023

Background

COVID-19 has challenged the under-resourced health systems of low- and middle-income countries, significantly affecting child health. Available published data on Filipino children with COVID-19 infection are limited. This study aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in an infectious disease hospital in Manila, Philippines.

Main text

This cross-sectional study reviewed data on patients ages 0 to 18 years with confirmed COVID-19 infection, admitted to San Lazaro Hospital from January 25, 2020 to January 25, 2022. Demographic data and clinical characteristics obtained from COVID-19 case investigation forms were summarized and compared between severe and non-severe cases. Risk factors for disease severity and mortality were analyzed. Of 115 patients, 64% were males. There were 87 patients (75.7%) with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease, and 28 cases (24.3%) with severe or critical illness. The median age of all patients was 10 years (interquartile range: 4–15 years). The majority of patients (40.9%) were adolescents ages 13 to 18 years. Predominant symptoms were fever (73.9%) and cough (55.7%). Patients with severe or critical illness were more likely to experience difficulty of breathing (55.2% vs 44.8%,p < 0.001), and have a longer hospital stay (11 days vs 8 days,p = 0.043). Among all patients, 48.7% had at least one underlying disease; and common infectious co-morbidities were tuberculosis (17.4%), dengue (12.2%), and HIV (4.3%). Having tuberculosis (p = 0.008) or at least one co-morbidity (p < 0.001) was associated with disease severity. Ten patients (8.7%) died; and mortality was higher among those with severe or critical illness (80% vs 20%,p < 0.001). Sepsis (p = 0.020) or having at least one co-morbidity (p = 0.007) was associated with death.

Conclusion

Children of all ages remain susceptible to COVID-19 infection, and usually present with mild or moderate symptoms. In this study, many adolescents are affected, highlighting the value of COVID-19 vaccination in this age group. Understanding the clinical features of COVID-19 in Filipino children is essential to identifying and optimally managing those at highest risk of severe disease.
Hypertension as a Novel Link for Shared Heritability in Age at Menarche and Cardiometabolic Traits
Authors: Fan Hsien-Yu , Chien Kuo-Liong , Huang Yen-Tsung , Hsu Justin BoKai , Chen Yun-Yu , Lai En-Yu , Su Jia-Ying , Lu Tzu-Pin , Li Hung-Yuan , Hsu Shih-Yuan , Chen Yang-Ching
Published: February 2023

Context

Extremely early age at menarche, also called precocious puberty, has been associated with various cardiometabolic traits, but their shared heritability remains unclear.

Objectives

This work aimed to identify new shared genetic variants and their pathways for age at menarche and cardiometabolic traits and to investigate the influence of central precocious puberty on childhood cardiometabolic traits.

Methods

Using the conjunction false discovery rate method, this study analyzed genome-wide association study data from the menarche-cardiometabolic traits among 59 655 females of Taiwanese ancestry and systemically investigated pleiotropy between age at menarche and cardiometabolic traits. To support the novel hypertension link, we used the Taiwan Puberty Longitudinal Study (TPLS) to investigate the influence of precocious puberty on childhood cardiometabolic traits.

Results

We discovered 27 novel loci, with an overlap between age at menarche and cardiometabolic traits, including body fat and blood pressure. Among the novel genes discovered, SEC16B, CSK, CYP1A1, FTO, and USB1 are within a protein interaction network with known cardiometabolic genes, including traits for obesity and hypertension. These loci were confirmed through demonstration of significant changes in the methylation or expression levels of neighboring genes. Moreover, the TPLS provided evidence regarding a 2-fold higher risk of early-onset hypertension that occurred in girls with central precocious puberty.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the usefulness of cross-trait analyses for identifying shared etiology between age at menarche and cardiometabolic traits, especially early-onset hypertension. The menarche-related loci may contribute to early-onset hypertension through endocrinological pathways.
Becoming Laborers
Authors: Zhu Ping
Published: February 2023

This article shows that the construction of the notion of dignified laborer during the Chinese New Culture Movement (1915–24) was not simply a reversal of preexisting social hierarchy that placed the mental laborers above the manual laborers but rather a complex and profound process of identity formation that created dynamic equalization between the national and the global, mental laborers and manual laborers, as well as men and women. Through reading a series of cultural and literary works, this article shows that the dignified laborer was an inclusive modern identity that gained traction during the New Culture Movement, when the Chinese intellectuals sought ways to foster national solidarity, realize the full potential of humanity, facilitate intersubjective understanding, and mend social divisions. As a result, this was a period when Chinese people from all walks vied to become laborers with dignity, amidst a rising democratic culture of reciprocal equal recognition.
Technical Requirements for Clinical Exercise Physiologists as Qualified Health Professionals
Authors: Overstreet Brittany , Ward-Ritacco Christie , Neric Francis , Brawner Clinton A. , Thompson Benjamin , Hargens Trent , Thompson Walt
Published: February 2023

Apply It!

• Readers will be able to advocate for the field of clinical exercise physiology with an enhanced understanding of the current state of the profession.

• Readers will have a platform to have discussions with other allied health professionals to increase awareness of the role of a clinical exercise physiologist in a health care setting.
Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Communities During COVID-19 with Exercise is Medicine® on Campus
Authors: Wedig Isaac J. , Phillips Jamie J. , Kamm Kelly B. , Elmer Steven J.
Published: February 2023

Apply It!

By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will:

• Recognize the urgency for widespread promotion and implementation of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Learn how Exercise is Medicine On Campus (EIM-OC) can be used to promote physical activity in the surrounding communities, especially those in rural areas

• Explore strategies for promoting, adapting, and facilitating physical activity during the pandemic and beyond

• Consider collaborating with an EIM-OC program to improve community health
Fuzzy Based Butterfly Life Cycle Algorithm for Measuring Company's Growth Performance
Authors: Perdana Gregoryus Imannuel , Devanda Muhammad Donny , Utama Ditdit Nugeraha
Published: February 2023

The previous study of the Butterfly Life Cycle Algorithm (BLCA) has been technically realized in two stages of BLCA in measuring a company's growth performance. It was based on a combined method of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. This paper aims to continue the BLCA implementation by performing five stages of BLCA and then improve the algorithm by implementing the Fuzzy Logic (FL) conception into BSC. The implementation of the FL method transforms the bias values in four BSC parameters into a precise value to make the model more precise. A complete BLCA algorithm combined with FL is used to accurately assess companies' growth performance. By doing some corrections to the preceding study’s data of contribution value, the simulation result shows the difference in the performance value of 0.0026 with the previous one.
Identification of Leaf Disease Using Machine Learning Algorithm for Improving the Agricultural System
Authors: Kethineni Keerthi , Pradeepini G.
Published: February 2023

Diagnosing plant disease is the foundation for effective and accurate plant disease prevention in a complicated environment. Smart farming is one of the fast-growing processes in the agricultural system, with the identification of disease in plants being a major one to help farmers. The processed data is saved in a database and used in making decisions in advance support, analysis of plants, and helps in crop planning. Plants are one of the essential resources for avoiding global warming. However, diseases such as blast, canker, black spot, brown spot, and bacterial leaf damage the plants. In this paper, image processing integration is developed to identify the type of disease and help automatically inspect all the leaf batches by storing the processed data. In some places, farmers are unaware of the experts and do not have proper facilities. In such conditions, one technique can be beneficial in keeping track and monitoring more crops. This technique makes it much easier and cheaper to detect disease. Machine learning can provide a method and algorithm to detect the disease. There should be training in images of all types of leaves, including healthy and disease leaf images. Five-stage detection processes are done in this paper. The stages are preprocessing, segmentation using k-Mean, feature extraction, features optimization using Firefly optimization Algorithm (FA), and classification using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The accuracy rate achieved using the proposed technique, i.e., GA-SVM is 91.3%, sensitivity is 90.72%, specificity 91.88, and precision is 92%. The results are evaluated using the matlab software tool.
Philippines' Free Wi-Fi Roll-out Project: Safe or Not?
Authors: Blancaflor Eric B. , Castillo Eli Christ Paula C. , Coretico Jan Miguel N. , Rubiano Geremie B. , Tobias Angela Marie D.
Published: February 2023

Free Wi-Fi networks are widely implemented in public areas to provide benefits for the people. This paper focuses on the vulnerabilities around Wi-Fi networks that people are unaware of. Discussing the risks of using free internet is viable as public places in the Philippines have started implementing free Wi-Fi networks. Along with this, the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) of the Philippines is expanding the number of free Wi-Fi to help the Filipinos adjust to the new normal caused by the pandemic. With the increase of internet access, Filipinos should be informed of the risks they may have. In this study, the security of free Wi-Fi has been exploited through various technical methods of Wi-Fi penetration testing. The study simulated penetration testing using the Kali Linux in a virtual environment from consented Wi-Fi owners. The overall result of the study shows that free Wi-Fi networks in public areas may not be safe. Free Wi-Fi users must be aware of the risk; hackers accessing their devices and inevitably stealing their private personal information.
An Automated Deep Learning Framework for Human Identity and Gender Detection
Authors: Tareef Afaf , Al-Dmour Hayat , Al-Sarayreh Afnan
Published: February 2023

Automated detection of human identity and gender offers several industrial applications in near future, such as monitoring, surveillance, commercial profiling and human computer interaction. In this paper, deep learning techniques have been used to investigate the problem of human identity and gender classification using hand images. First, pre-processing techniques have been applied to enhance the appearance of the hand images. The pre-processed image is passed through the convolution neural network to determine the gander. For identity detection, the network has been trained on the images for the determined gender for better recognition. To further enhance the result, the framework has been implemented using different optimizers and k fold cross-validation. Experimental results have shown that highly effective performance is achieved in both the human identification and gender classification objectives. High average accuracy of 97.75% using the dorsal hand side for human identification and 96.79% has been obtained for gender classification using the palm hand side. Conclusively, the proposed method has achieved more accuracy than the previous methods both for identification and gender classification.
Investigation of 5G Wireless Communication with Dust and Sand Storms
Authors:   Department of Energy Engineering, Technical College of Engineering, Duhok Polytechnic University, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Hammed Zainab Sh. , Ameen Siddeeq Y. , Zeebaree Subhi R. M.
Published: February 2023

The demands for higher throughput, data rate, low latency, and capacity in 5G communication systems prompt the use of millimeter-wave frequencies that range from 3–300 GHz with spatial multiplexing and beamforming. To get the maximum benefit from this technology, it’s important to study all the challenges of using mm-wave for 5G and beyond. One of the most important impacts is weather conditions such as humidity, temperature, dust, and sand storms. This study investigates the parameters of the channel model and its statistical behavior with the effect of dust and sand storms. The latter effects can be considered the main challenges these days, especially in middle-eastern countries. A 128 x 128 massive MIMO with URA (uniformly spaced rectangular antenna arrays) uniformly spaced has been considered in the simulation assessment with mm-wave channels operating at 28 GHz and 73GHz are examined by using NYUSIM (New York University Wireless Simulator) software. The simulation results show that the dust increases the attenuation and the path loss when working at higher frequencies compared to the clear weather conditions. Moreover, their effect can be reduced by adapting the transmitted power.
Minimization of Handover Decisions with Quality of Service Using Fuzzy Logic Prediction Model
Authors:   PG Dept. of Electronics and IT, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India, Balkhi Altaf A. , Sheikh Javaid A. , Sofi Ishfaq B. , Bhat Zahid A. , Mir G. M.
Published: February 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) based network technologies considered best method to enhance the Quality of Service (QoS) of handoff algorithms due to its ability to handle huge data in fast processing. It helps to take effective handoff decision based on Received Signal Strength (RSS), traffic intensity, speed and diversity. In this paper the fuzzy logic prediction model has been developed for handoff decisions. On retrieving the network, the RSS was developed to form a time series data over a period of time. The data is then proceeded with the newly proposed fuzzy logic prediction model for estimation and prediction coefficients, while the predicted values of RSS are organized as fuzzy sets and in conjunction with other measured parameters of network. Moreover, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), traffic load in the network, channel capacity, network load (NL), Bit Error Rate (BER), received signal power level has been estimated throughput the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), In addition, to user preferences such as the security and cost of the network. The overall performance of proposed fuzzy logic prediction model is capable to predict the handover decision ahead then the available RSS method and other handover necessity estimation techniques. This model also reduces the ping-pong effect associated with other techniques of handover.
The Secure Data Transmission Method of a Cellular Communication Network Based on the Asymmetric Encryption Algorithm
Authors:   Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Xu Risheng Yin Gong Road, Taizi, Macao, China, Luo Qingjia , Zhang Zongfu
Published: February 2023

In order to improve the cellular network communication security and achieve a high quality data transmission, this paper proposes a method of secure data transmission. The proposed method is based on asymmetric encryption algorithm. This paper analyzes the composition structure of cellular network to establish the network architecture model and master the communication characteristics. The public key system is constructed using the certification center, service provider and users, and the asymmetric encryption process. The public key system is analyzed to obtain the encrypted cipher-text by optimizing the integer grouping method. Overall, results show that the proposed research achieves a higher throughput, and reduces bit error rate compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Results and findings suggest that the proposed transmission method can improve reduce the probability of data theft, and reduces transmission energy consumption to ensure data transmission security from multiple aspects.
Zgodność z „prawem tożsamości” czy błąd „idem per idem”?
Authors: Bogusławski Andrzej
Published: February 2023

Autor rozważa Wittgensteinowską krytykę „prawa tożsamości” oraz Jadwigi Wajszczuk koncepcję koniunkcji, zakładającej wymaganie uzupełnienia treści tego, co aktualnie zostało powiedziane. Autor omówił także dewiacyjny charakter (dewiacyjny z punktu widzenia kodu naturalno-językowego) znanego przykładu Boys are boys. i wskazuje na jego czysto perlokucyjny – jako jedyny możliwy – efekt. Wszystko to przemawia przeciw zakładanemu katalogowi skodyfikowanych „znaczeń”, w ujęciu np. Wierzbickiej. Omówiono także szereg zjawisk pokrewnych.
Przysłówki wprowadzające ilościową charakterystykę uczestników zdarzenia: główne opozycje znaczeniowe
Authors: Danielewiczowa Magdalena
Published: February 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest polskim przysłówkom wprowadzającym ilościową charakterystykę uczestników danego zdarzenia, to znaczy z jednej strony jednostkom takim jak: pojedynczo, jednoosobowo, indywidualnie, solo, solowo z drugiej zaś – licznie, tłumnie, masowo, gromadnie, stadnie, grupowo, gremialnie, kolektywnie, kolegialnie, zespołowo, zbiorowo, chóralnie. Autorka wyróżnia i krótko omawiapodstawowe opozycje, które organizują ten podsystem znaczeń. Opozycje te są następujące: a) jeden – więcej niż jeden; b) osoba – inny organizm – coś; c) wielość ujmowana jako całość – wielość niebędąca całością; d) objęcie charakterystyką wszystkich partycypantów – brak informacji o tego rodzaju kompletności; e) komponent ilościowy jako własność stopniowalna – jako własność niestopniowalna; f) działanie – brak działania.
The underexamined role of money and how it undermines Nozick’s case for right libertarianism
Authors: Grela Helen
Published: February 2023

In Anarchy, State and Utopia, Nozick presented his doctrine of right libertarianism, largely a contemporary restatement of Locke’s moral imperative that an individual’s rights to his life, liberty, and property are absolute and place limits on state action. Parallelly, Nozick espoused the free-market system as a framework that not only respects individual rights but ensures material benefits. While the free market results in radical inequalities in holdings and widespread dispossession, Nozick treats the process as morally just and any state redistribution through taxation as wrong. However, neither Nozick nor his many critics fully considered the role of money in capitalist free markets, an omission I begin to address.

 

Nozick asserts that money emerges pre-politically through the uncoerced actions of individuals, and that it derives its value from the commodity that underpins it. This conception of money underpins Nozick’s claims that a minimal state can be just and that the free-market system is a moral, efficient, and neutral allocator of resources. However, Nozick’s approach omits addressing how money’s general acceptability and stability are achieved. Answers can be found in heterodox economic paradigms, which put the state at the center of money creation, rendering money (and the state) incompatible with natural rights. Furthermore, by insisting on money’s commodity nature, Nozick ignores the seventeenth century revolution in money, necessitated by the emergence of free-market capitalism and commodity money’s inability to underpin it. In other words, it is not commodity money but credit money that should be the proper object of Nozick’s analysis. I go on to analyze what credit money is, how it arose, and why some form of it is necessary in a free-market context. Ultimately, I argue that it is not compatible with natural rights and is itself redistributive.

Key words: money, distributive justice, Nozick, Locke, free market capitalism, natural rights
Prawybory we francuskich partiach politycznych jako mechanizm wyłaniania kandydatów do prezydentury na przykładzie Republikanów i Partii Socjalistycznej
Authors: Jakubiak Łukasz
Published: February 2023

PRIMARY ELECTIONS IN FRENCH POLITICAL PARTIES AS A MECHANISM FOR SELECTING CANDIDATES FOR THE PRESIDENCY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLICANS AND THE SOCIALIST PARTY
The article deals with the primary election as a procedure for nominating presidential candidates by major French political parties. Initially, closed primaries were held by left-wing formations. The Socialist Party started using this mechanism in 1995. The first open primaries to nominate a socialist candidate took place in 2011 (these were the so-called citizens’ primaries – primaire citoyenne). The neogaullist party, which has been called the Republicans since 2015, followed left-wing formations organizing primaries itself. The formation started with closed primaries. The first open ones were held in 2016. The author points out that prior to the 2022 presidential election, both parties returned to the concept of closed primaries. The latter formula may be defined a ballot in which only members of a given formation can participate, and not all citizens who declare their support for a concrete political option. It is argued that primaries, especially the open ones, have not proven to be a procedure that significantly increases the chances of a candidate nominated in this way. Instead, it may contribute to deepening intra-party divisions, which could potentially cause the political formation itself to be doomed to marginalization in the parliamentary election following its presidential candidate’s failure. This leads to the conclu-
Od prezydencjalizmu do demokracji wodzowskiej. Ewolucja ustroju i wzorców przywództwa politycznego w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Wojtacki Maciej
Published: February 2023

FROM PRESIDENTIALISM TO COMMAND DEMOCRACY: THE EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LEADERSHIP MODELS IN THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC
The text presents the main directions of the evolution of political leadership patterns in Poland in the interwar period. The point of departure for discussion is the model of exercising power introduced by Józef Piłsudski when he was exercising his duties as the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief. After the May coup, the marshal’s political leadership was based on his personal authority, giving a specific form to the state system, which Joseph Barthélemy called “Pilsudskism”. The next part of the text is devoted to the shaping of the political system after 1935 towards a command democracy, i.e. a system in which the most important functions are performed by the military, who control the institutions of state administration both at the central and local level. In this model, the dominant role was to be played by ‘the Chief of Nation.’ This title, according to the unwritten testament of Józef Piłsudski, was given to Edward Śmigły-Rydz. The analysis indicates that the system formed after the death of Józef Piłsudski was in conflict with the political principles on which the April Constitution adopted in 1935 was based, creating de facto duumvirate between the President and the Commander-in-Chief
Cechy modelu przywództwa politycznego we współczesnej Rosji
Authors: Jach Anna
Published: February 2023

FEATURES OF THE POLITICAL LEADERSHIP MODEL IN MODERN RUSSIA
Reflection on political leadership is very important in the modern world. This is also relevant in the context of the political leadership in contemporary Russia, especially if we take into account a number of conditions affecting it. The aim of the article will be to trace the determinants that directly and indirectly affect the perception and functioning of political leadership in Russia, taking into account not only the issue of systemic change taking place in a specific socio-political and economic reality. Another element that will allow a closer look at the Russian model of political leadership will also be the political culture, the tradition of power and historical experiences. The third aspect, in a way complementing the spectrum of analysis of the leadership phenomenon in the Russian reality, will oscillate around the functions and tasks of the political leader of the Russian Federation, especially in the face of the challenges of the 21st century.
Wojna jako determinanta przywództwa politycznego Wołodymyra Zełeńskiego
Authors: Bajor Piotr
Published: February 2023

WAR AS A DETERMINANT OF VOLODYMYR ZELENSKY’S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
The article presents the most important aspects of the political leadership of the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, during the first days of the war. The most important war conditions determining the political leadership as well as the legal and socio-political premises determining the indicated process were analyzed. The article also discusses the communication strategy and information policy of the Ukrainian state, which are an integral part of strengthening the internal and international position of the president and the political leadership of Volodymyr Zelensky, in crucial time of first days of aggression. The text presents the most important aspects in this regard, influencing the deepening of the political leadership of the Ukrainian president and the legitimacy of the government.
The Composite Overfit Analysis Framework: Assessing the Out-of-Sample Generalizability of Construct-Based Models Using Predictive Deviance, Deviance Trees, and Unstable Paths
Authors: Danks Nicholas P. , Ray Soumya , Shmueli Galit
Published: February 2023

Construct-based models have become a mainstay of management and information systems research. However, these models are likely overfit to the data samples upon which they are estimated, making them risky to use in explanatory, prescriptive, or predictive ways outside a given sample. Empirical researchers currently lack tools to analyze why and how their models may not generalize out of sample. We propose a composite overfit analysis (COA) framework that applies predictive tools to describe the sources and ramifications of overfit in terms of the focal concepts important to empirical researchers: cases, constructs, and causal paths. The COA framework begins by using a leave-one-out crossvalidation procedure to identify cases with unusually high predictive error given their in-sample fit—a difference we describe as predictive deviance. The framework then employs a novel deviance tree method to group deviant cases that have similar predictive deviance and for similar theoretical reasons. We then employ a leave-deviant-group-out method, which sequentially analyzes how each deviant group affects model parameters, thereby identifying potentially unstable paths in the model. We can then infer descriptive reasons for why and how overfit affects a given model and data sample using the grouping criteria of the deviance tree, construct scores of deviant groups, and resulting unstable paths. These insights allow researchers to identify unexpected behavior that could define boundary conditions of their theory or point to new theoretical phenomena. We demonstrate the practical utility of our analytical framework on a technology adoption model in a new context.

This paper was accepted by Dongjun Wu, information systems.

Funding: This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [Grants 109-2811-H-007-503 and 108-2410-H-007-091-MY3] and by the 2021 Arts and Social Sciences Benefaction Fund of Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4705 .
Detecting Human Trafficking: Automated Classification of Online Customer Reviews of Massage Businesses
Authors: Li Ruoting , Tobey Margaret , Mayorga Maria E. , Caltagirone Sherrie , Özaltın Osman Y.
Published: February 2023

Problem definition: Approximately 11,000 alleged illicit massage businesses (IMBs) exist across the United States hidden in plain sight among legitimate businesses. These illicit businesses frequently exploit workers, many of whom are victims of human trafficking, forced or coerced to provide commercial sex. Academic/practical relevance: Although IMB review boards like Rubmaps.ch can provide first-hand information to identify IMBs, these sites are likely to be closed by law enforcement. Open websites like Yelp.com provide more accessible and detailed information about a larger set of massage businesses. Reviews from these sites can be screened for risk factors of trafficking. Methodology: We develop a natural language processing approach to detect online customer reviews that indicate a massage business is likely engaged in human trafficking. We label data sets of Yelp reviews using knowledge of known IMBs. We develop a lexicon of key words/phrases related to human trafficking and commercial sex acts. We then build two classification models based on this lexicon. We also train two classification models using embeddings from the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model and the Doc2Vec model. Results: We evaluate the performance of these classification models and various ensemble models. The lexicon-based models achieve high precision, whereas the embedding-based models have relatively high recall. The ensemble models provide a compromise and achieve the best performance on the out-of-sample test. Our results verify the usefulness of ensemble methods for building robust models to detect risk factors of human trafficking in reviews on open websites like Yelp. Managerial implications: The proposed models can save countless hours in IMB investigations by automatically sorting through large quantities of data to flag potential illicit activity, eliminating the need for manual screening of these reviews by law enforcement and other stakeholders.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1936331].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1196 .
When Does External Knowledge Benefit Team Creativity? The Role of Internal Team Network Structure and Task Complexity
Authors: Venkataramani Vijaya , Tang Chaoying
Published: February 2023

Creativity in teams is spurred by members’ access to diverse knowledge, often from interactions with external sources. However, not all teams that have the capabilities to acquire such external knowledge are equally creative. Integrating theories of absorptive capacity and creative synthesis in teams, we propose that teams’ external knowledge acquisition capabilities in securing a wide variety of knowledge resources need to be complemented by internal knowledge integration capabilities that facilitate balanced/equal participation of all team members in the creative problem-solving process. In turn, this combination enables effective information elaboration processes underlying the generation of truly creative team outcomes. We test these ideas in two field studies. First, in a sample of 81 research and development teams in three organizations in science and technology fields, we find that teams’ connections with a wide range of external parties—indicating their external knowledge acquisition capability—benefit their creativity, but only when the team’s internal team member problem-solving network structure—an indicator of the team’s knowledge integration capability—is less centralized (i.e., not controlled by one or few members). We further demonstrate that these effects are more salient when the team’s task is more complex. Replicating these findings in a second sample of 57 project teams in an energy manufacturing and services firm, we show that these effects are mediated by the team’s information elaboration processes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Funding: This research was supported by grants received by C. Tang and her colleagues at UCAS, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Projects 71974178, 71932009], MOE Social Science Laboratory of Digital Economic Forecasts and Policy Simulation at UCAS, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Project E2E40806X2].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1661 .
Self-mutilation in people with psychiatric diagnosis - literature review
Authors: Drzał Ewelina , Banaszek Agnieszka , Stanicki Paweł , Wingralek Zuzanna
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Self-mutilation is of an auto-aggressive nature. They take many forms. Usually they do not occur as an isolated phenomenon. Self-injuring persons often have a diagnosed mental disorder, and a psychiatric diagnosis is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of self-harm.
Material and method: In this study, articles were analyzed that contained information on the occurrence of various mental disorders. These articles searched for information on the occurrence of self-mutilation, its type, origin and causes. 
Discussion: Self-mutilation is common in patients with a psychiatric diagnosis. The frequency of such behaviors can range from 33% to 50% in people with autism, up to 22%, and even 49% in people diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Acts of selfharm may affect 50-78% of people diagnosed with border-line personality disorder. In adolescents with eating disorders, 41% of patients report self-harm. In the group of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder, it may be as high as 77.3%. People with depression are also a large self-injuring group. It is reported that it may be up to 71.2% of patients with unipolar disorder.
Conclusions: Self-mutilation is a phenomenon that is more and more topical and common not only in the adolescent population. This is a multi-factorial issue. One of the risk factors are mental disorders. Self-mutineers choose various methods, and this choice depends, among others, on from recognition. The size of the phenomenon and its evolution make it necessary to study it in order to increase the level of knowledge, update information and, consequently, the ability to help people at risk of NSSI. 

Keywords: self-mutilation, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorders
PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI HALAL FASHION MELALUI KONSEP EKONOMI SIRKULAR
Authors: Listyadewi Regina Putri
Published: February 2023

Halal fashion mengalami pertumbuhan pesat yang berarti terdapat peningkatan kapasitas dalam proses produksi bisnis ini. Hal tersebut turut mempengaruhi kerusakan ekosistem dan membawa dampak nyata bagi kesejahteraan manusia. Fenomena ini mendorong tindakan pencegahan kerusakan lebih lanjut dengan cara mendesain ulang ekonomi sebagai alternatif berkelanjutan yang perlu dilakukan dengan konsep ekonomi sirkular. Tujuan penelitian ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang implementasi paradigma ekonomi sirkular dalam pengembangan halal fashion. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian literatur dengan jenis data sekunder terhadap berbagai sumber publikasi ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keterkaitan antara ajaran agama Islam dalam mengatur umatnya yang secara sadar menumbuhkan keterikatan sosial dalam kegiatan ekonomi, termasuk menjaga lingkungan. Fokus ekonomi sirkular dan ideologi Islam Maqasid al-Shariah yang memiliki kesamaan juga tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan bantuan teknologi. Konvergensi antara proses industri dengan teknologi menjadi strategi utama bagi transisi yang mulus dari ekonomi linier menjadi ekonomi sirkular.
CHARACTERISTIC OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH SUBSTITUTION IN LIMESTONE AS LANDFILL MATERIAL
Authors: Yulikasari Andriyan , Meidi YT Nagari , SA Yusroni , Utama Widya
Published: February 2023

The substitution SBE in limestone can significantly improve the characteristics of limestone as a landfill material, especially in increasing the CBR hardness value without changing the limestone grain size distribution. This is because SBE acts as filler in the SBE-limestone mixture. The existence of SBE in the mixture does not change the value of the mixture plasticity index, because SBE and limestone are both not plastic. SBE material can be used as substitution material (matrix material) up to 30% by weight in the SBE-limestone mixture. The role of SBE as a filler becomes very important in mixed materials for non-limestone structural material requirements, especially for matrix material sizes from 0.4 to 10 mm or sand to gravel. Of course, more research is needed on the physical and mechanical characteristics of mixed materials due to the use of SBE as a filler in matrix multi grand size (sand to gravel).
IMPROVED PROPELLER EFFICIENCY OF A FERRY SHIP WITH ASYMMETRIC PRE-SWIRL STATOR
Authors: Muhammad Andi Haris , Nikmatullah Muhammad Iqbal , Kalsum AL Ummi
Published: February 2023

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced the importance of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) to anticipate global warming and depletion of fuel oil through the development of an Energy Saving Device (ESD) in ship propulsion systems. Pre-swirl stator is a type of ESD installed in front of the propeller which aims to increase propulsion efficiency by reducing the loss of rotational energy in the propeller flow. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the 4 blades pre-swirl asymmetric stator diameter on the improved propeller efficiency of KMP Bontoharu using the Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software (Ansys-CFX 18.1). The results showed that the use of a pre-swirl stator on the propeller of KMP Bontoharu could increase the propeller efficiency by 6.64% at a stator diameter of 1.1 DP.