bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications and Prospects of CRISPR-Cas system in Cyanobacteria
Authors: Jing Yike
Published: June 2023

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms with capacity to perform photosynthesis and provide valuable platform to produce high-value bioactive compounds in carbon-neutral pathway. However, due to the relative lack of high throughput genetic manipulation tools for cyanobacteria, their usage for complexity chemicals is lagging behind. The gene editing technology based on the CRISPR-Cas system has the advantage of simplicity and efficiency in recent years, making it a new tool for synthetic biology of cyanobacteria. In this review, we first introduced the CRISPR-Cas system and the types of CRISPR-Cas in cyanobacteria. In addition, we review the development of CRISPR-based systems in cyanobacteria, including the use of CRISPR systems for gene integration, deletion, and transcriptional regulation. Meanwhile, the CRISPR system can couple different functional proteins to achieve point mutations, such as base editing. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of CRISPR technology and its future application prospects in cyanobacteria to make an outlook. Finally, we discussed the current limitations of CRISPR technology and its future application prospects in cyanobacteria.
Study on the process of Belgian style Cherry sour beer
Authors: Jiang Jialin , Zhou Tianshu , Wang Chaonan , Fang Haiyan , Yu Yue , Lian Qianxu , Zhang Boyan , Dong Xiaolei
Published: June 2023

Traditional sour beer is not acceptable to everyone, but sweet and sour beer is much more acceptable. For example, many sour beers are made with cherries, raspberries and other ingredients. Belgian style cherry sour beer, on the basis of acidizing process, add fruit raw materials to continue fermentation, taste and flavor acceptable degree will be much higher than ordinary sour beer, because these fruits are more nutritious, resulting in these wines are easy to health, health and high-end. In this experiment, the production process of passion fruit cider was studied: The initial sugar content was adjusted to 12°P and the pH at the end point of acidification was 3.8. S-04 yeast was used for fermentation, and the fermentation temperature was controlled at 18℃. After one week of fermentation, the mixing ratio of cherry juice and fruit puree was 1:1.5. After continued fermentation for three days, cherry style sour beer was made with strong flavor, strong killing taste, pure body and clear cherry flavor.
Recent trends in functional characteristics and degradation methods of alginate
Authors: Yan Mengdi , Jiang Shuangshuang
Published: June 2023

The total area of the Earth's oceans is 360 million square kilometers, accounting for approximately 71% of the Earth's surface area. It is a huge treasure trove of resources, containing abundant mineral resources, oil and gas resources, microbial resources, etc. The production of marine biomass is enormous, and as a third-generation renewable energy source, it has more sustainable development potential than terrestrial biomass. The main source of marine biomass is marine algae, so the development and excavation of marine algae resources is imperative. At present, alginate has become the second largest sustainable development resource in terms of production, second only to cellulose, and has enormous application value. The biological enzyme method for degrading alginate utilizes alginate lyase to β The elimination mechanism breaks the glycosidic bond, which has more degradation advantages than physical and chemical methods.
Research Progress of Tumor Microenvironment-responsive Anti-tumor Nano-drug Carriers
Authors: Du Yingda
Published: June 2023

Cancer is the most serious disease threatening human health at present, and the incidence and mortality of cancer in China ranks first in the world. Chemotherapy is an important means to treat cancer in clinic. However, many traditional small molecule chemotherapy drugs have some defects such as poor solubility, low bioavailability and great toxic and side effects. Small molecule drugs have the disadvantages of low bioavailability, such as rapid metabolism in vivo, short half-life and rapid decrease of in vivo concentration, which affects the therapeutic effect. Therefore, repeated administration is needed to improve the drug concentration. (NDS) can deliver drugs to cancer sites to improve distribution specificity, increase internalization and intracellular drug delivery, minimize adverse side effects and improve drug efficacy. In this paper, the concept, types and drug release of nano-drug carriers are expounded, and the application of nano-drug carriers in cancer treatment is analyzed by taking polymer micelle drug carriers as an example.
Hot deformation behavior and comparison of different constitutive models of as-cast ER8 steel
Authors: Chen Fei , Jia Zhe , Zhang Xiaofeng , Jiao Yongxing , Li Fei , Zhang Xuezhong
Published: June 2023

To facilitate the numerical simulation of plastic deformation and the determination of thermal deformation process parameters of as-cast ER8 steel, isothermal thermal compression test of ER8 steel was carried out, and the flow stress curves of ER8 steel at high temperature was obtained. The selected deformation temperature was 1173–1523 K and strain rate was 0.001–0.1 s−1. On this basis, three different constitutive models were established and compared. The results show that the flow stress curves of ER8 steel can be divided into two stages, namely work hardening-dynamic recovery stage and dynamic recrystallization stage. The traditional Fields-Backofen model was modified to predict the flow stress at different deformation temperatures. According to the error analysis, the AARE levels of the modified Fields-Backofen model and the strain-coupled constitutive model are the same, while the AARE of the physically‑based constitutive model are smaller. The modified Fields-Backofen model cannot reflect the softening of dynamic recrystallization on the flow stress curves during high temperature deformation, while the strain-coupled constitutive model and the physically‑based constitutive model can. In terms of modeling difficulty, the modified Fields-Backofen model is the easiest to model, followed by the strain-coupled constitutive model, while the physically‑based constitutive model is relatively complex to model.
Massage bei Rheuma
Authors: Best Norman
Published: June 2023

Komplexe Erkrankungen, wie die des rheumatischen Formenkreises, bedürfen in der Regel auch komplexer Therapieprogramme. In diesem Fall besteht die Möglichkeit, neben den in den letzten Jahren deutlich verbesserten medikamentösen Therapieoptionen, auch nichtmedikamentöse Anwendungen in das Therapieregime zu integrieren. Massagetherapien gelten gemeinhin als angenehme Maßnahmen, wenn nicht gar Wellnessanwendungen. Dies ist nur zum Teil richtig, denn die korrekterweise medizinischen Massagen genannten Therapiekonzepte sind in der Regel nicht mit Wellnessanwendungen zu vergleichen. Nachweisen lassen sich für Patientinnen und Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis positive Effekte hinsichtlich Schmerz, Lebensqualität und Gewebebeschaffenheit. Zu empfehlen sind klassische Massagen und Bindegewebsmassagen. Die Kontraindikationen sind nicht immer klar definiert. Auch jenseits der derzeit üblichen Einsatzbeschränkungen sind im Einzelfall Anwendungen möglich. Symptomzentrierte und individuelle Therapieanwendungen sind Grundvoraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung von Massageformen, oft in Kombination mit medikamentösen Therapien.
Medizinische Trainingstherapie in Therapie und Rehabilitation von Patienten mit rheumatoiden Erkrankungen
Authors: Seidel Egbert J.
Published: June 2023

Die medizinische Trainingstherapie kann wesentlich zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit rheumatoiden Erkrankungen beitragen. Hierzu ist jedoch eine im Team abgestimmte Therapieplanung anhand vieler funktioneller und klinischer Befunde notwendig. Durch eine enge Zusammenarbeit aller beteiligten Professionen werden Komplikationen limitiert und die Therapie- und Rehabilitationsziele der Patienten gemeinsam erreicht. Das Grundlagenwissen zu den wissenschaftlichen Teilgebieten der Sporttherapie, Manuellen Medizin, Funktionsmedizin muss dafür anwendungsbereit vorgehalten werden. Das Behandlungsteam muss sich bei der Kommunikation auf einen einheitlichen wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch einigen, nur dann gelingt eine erfolgreiche Zusammenarbeit.
Ultraschalluntersuchungen in der Kinderrheumatologie
Authors: Windschall Daniel , Roth Johannes
Published: June 2023

Insbesondere in der komplexen anatomischen Region eines kindlichen Sprunggelenkes und Fußes profitieren Sicherheit und Genauigkeit bei der Diagnosestellung einer rheumatischen Entzündung vom Ultraschall in Ergänzung zum klinischen Befund. Mehrere Studien der letzten Jahre konnten für diese Region die Überlegenheit des Ultraschalls gegenüber der klinischen Untersuchung nachweisen. Mit zunehmendem Einsatz des Gelenkultraschalls verbessern sich die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten bei der Diagnosestellung, Abgrenzung und im Verlaufsmonitoring kindlich rheumatischer Erkrankungen. So können entzündliche Gelenkveränderungen und Sehnenbeteiligungen hervorragend differenziert und im Verlauf kontrolliert werden. Neben den typischen sonografischen Zeichen einer Gelenkentzündung lassen sich im Bereich der Sprunggelenke und Füße auch rheumatische Sehnenscheidenentzündungen, Sehnenansatzentzündungen und Schleimbeutelentzündungen sicher nachweisen. Wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen können sonografisch ausgeschlosssen oder bestätigt werden. Die zunehmende Standardisierung erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit dieser bedienerabhängigen Bildgebungstechnik und hilft bei der praktischen Durchführung, Beurteilung und Quantifizierung der pathologischen Befunde.
Pharmakovigilanz in der integrativen Onkologie
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: June 2023

Für die Bewertung einer Therapiemethode oder eines Arzneimittels spielen
die Wirksamkeit und die Frage nach Nebenwirkungen, deren Häufigkeit und
Schweregrad, also das Sicherheitsprofil, eine herausragende Rolle. Dies gilt
ganz besonders für die integrative Onkologie, da beim Tumorpatienten
ohnehin schon viele verschiedene Wirksubstanzen parallel zur Anwendung kommen
und jede zusätzliche Substanz oder gar ein phytotherapeutischer Extrakt
mit einer Vielzahl von Komponenten die Gefahr von Wechselwirkungen oder
zusätzlichen Nebenwirkungen erhöht. In diesem ersten Beitrag zur
Pharmakovigilanz in der komplementären Therapie sollen zunächst
einige Grundbegriffe der Arzneimittelsicherheit besprochen und die Situation der
Phytopharmaka beleuchtet werden, in einem Folgebeitrag werden dann Vitamine und
vor allem Spurenelemente in dieser Hinsicht untersucht. Neben der generellen
Gefahr des „Underreporting“ ist die Situation bei
Phytotherapeutika insgesamt unbefriedigend.
Experimental on the fatigue failure areas of wind turbine blades’ rotating fundamental frequency
Authors: Su Rina , Gao Zhiying , Chen Yongyan , Bai Yefei , Wang Jianwen
Published: June 2023

The dominant type of vibration in wind turbine blades is flapwise vibration, which causes fatigue loading owing to the out-of-plane alternating load, with blade breakage occurring when the load is below the strength limit. Consequently, the mechanism and distribution of alternating-load generation must be understood to reduce the fatigue load. The strain data in the flapwise direction at the characteristic position of the operating wind turbine were collected to learn the characteristics of the spanwise distribution of the strain power spectral density (PSD) amplitude, to explore the fatigue damage-prone area and the generation mechanism, and to reveal the influence of the rotational speed on the spanwise distribution of the strain. It was evident that linked torsional and edgewise vibrations were predominant and that the strain PSD amplitude of the 1P loading component was nonlinear because of the Brazier effect in the transition region. The fatigue failure susceptible region of the rotating blade is more accurately identified. Except for the 0.10 R position, the blade 1P component 0.70–0.75 R spanwise region is more prone to failure. The rotation speed increases the dynamic fluctuation of spanwise strain.
Praseodymium-dopant effect on bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet films on fused silica glass substrate at the 1310 and 1550-nm wavelengths
Authors: Kim Seung Hwan , Park Beomsu , Park Ji Woon , Oh Seunghyun , Oh Kwanglim , Ryu Han-Youl , Kim Kyong Hon
Published: June 2023

The optical and magneto-optic (MO) properties of the praseodymium (Pr)-dopant effect on bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) films coated on fused silica glass substrates by using the metal-organic-decomposition (MOD) method with chemical solutions were investigated at the 1310 and 1550-nm wavelength regions. The maximum Faraday rotation angle of the Pr-codoped Bi:YIG (Pr,By:YIG) film was observed to be 0.09 and 0.046 deg/μm at the wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively, when the film was annealed at a temperature of 750 °C, while those of the plain Bi:YIG film were 0.059 and 0.039 deg/μm. More than 50% improvement in the Faraday rotation value of the Pr,Bi:YIG film was observed compared to that of the Bi:YIG film at the 1310 nm wavelength. The absorption coefficient of the Pr,Bi:YIG film was comparable to that of the Bi:YIG film. Therefore, the Pr,Bi:YIG film prepared with the MOD method is potentially useful for MO applications such as optical isolators and circulators.
Innovative analytical approach to estimate side-hole type parallelepiped sodium iodide scintillation detector efficiencies
Authors: Alzahrani Jamila S. , El-Khatib Ahmed M. , Abbas Mahmoud I.
Published: June 2023

The geometric and absolute total detection efficacies of a parallelepiped sodium iodide (with a cylindrical side-hole) detector were calculated and compared to the simulated Monte Carlo and experimental data described in the literature. This new-shaped detector is characteristically meant to be employed for low-level radioactive specimens in γ-ray-spectroscopy and nuclear reactions because of its extraordinarily high γ-ray-efficiency. An innovative systematic theoretical method is used herein to calculate the efficiency of a cylindrical side-hole (left empty for isotropic radiating sample access)-type parallelepiped (A × B × C) sodium iodide scintillation detector. The contrast of the geometric (εg) and absolute total detection (ε) efficacies for point-specimen-geometry at numerous specimen-to-detector distances (h) and in the energy range of 0.511–1.332 MeV showed that method reported by us is beneficial in the efficiency evaluation of side-hole-type parallelepiped scintillation detectors.
A historical monthly upper-air humidity dataset for Australia
Authors: Jovanovic Branislava , Smalley Robert , Siems Steven
Published: June 2023

Monthly humidity (represented as dew point temperature, DWPT) data from 22 land and 5 island Australian upper-air sites were analysed, with trends estimated over the 1965–2017 period at four pressure levels. Humidity data were selected to ensure that data collected under consistent sampling conditions were used (‘modified data’). The quality control process involved examining station metadata and applying an objective statistical test that detected discontinuities in the data series. At each station and pressure level, modified data series were adjusted (homogenised) on a monthly timescale when discontinuities were identified. Analysis of the homogenised (adjusted) modified DWPT data indicates that, over the 1965–2017 period, linear trends are mostly positive and smaller compared to unadjusted modified data. The all-Australian time-series show positive trends at the 850–400-hPa levels. The total increases in DWPT since 1965 at 850-, 700-, 500- and 400-hPa levels are ~0.5, ~1.2, ~1.3 and ~0.8°C respectively. The increase in humidity in the lower and middle troposphere is in accordance with the expectation that, as the troposphere warms, the amount of moisture in it should increase (at a differential rate of ~7% °C–1 at low altitudes globally, following Clausius–Clapeyron scaling) due to increasing surface evaporation and moisture-holding capacity of the air. However, changes in atmospheric dynamics also influence the magnitude and distribution of humidity trends. The homogenised modified Australian radiosonde data for the 850-hPa level show that the amount of moisture at this level increased ~8.8% °C–1 during 1965–2015
Impacts of selective feeding of crown-of-thorns starfish on the coral community in the South China Sea
Authors: Li Yuxiao , Huang Xueyong , Yu Kefu , Chen Xiaoyan , Wei Fen , Chen Biao , Yao Qiucui , Liao Zhiheng , Wang Liwei
Published: June 2023

Context Crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster spp., hereafter COTS), the most destructive predator of corals, selectively consume specific corals. However, their feeding selectivity varies among reef regions and differs from their feeding preferences in laboratory experiments. Aims In this study, the impacts of selective feeding of Acanthaster sp. on the coral community in the South China Sea were explored. Methods COTS predation on 701 coral colonies and 24 coral genera during 2018−2019 was evaluated. Key results Montipora had a greater scar cover (57%) than did Pocillopora (27%) because of COTS predation. Additionally, the relative abundance of encrusting Montipora (heat-tolerant corals) decreased from 40 to 14%, whereas that of branching Pocillopora (less heat-tolerant corals) increased from 40 to 60%. Moreover, the rare genera Millepora and Astreopora had the greatest scar cover (from 78 to ~100%) and feeding electivity values (from 0.66 to ~0.98), and were thus positively selected by COTS for predation. Further regional comparisons showed four types of feeding selection worldwide. Conclusions Less heat-tolerant coral became predominant in the coral community owing to selective feeding of COTS. COTS could consume rare, less-preferred corals by changing feeding selections. Implications These findings suggest that COTS not only directly consume coral individuals but also indirectly change the coral community composition, which is potentially related to the vulnerability of the coral community to global warming.
Las Torres Reserve’s Sustainable Tourism Practices in Patagonia
Authors: Bonds Annaleigh C.
Published: June 2023

This case study is focused on the Chilean adventure travel company, Las Torres Reserve, which has incorporated sustainable tourism practices into its hospitality business in Torres del Paine National Park, Patagonia. The information in this study was gathered through onsite interviews and online research with Las Torres Reserve marketing and management staff during a visit to Las Torres Reserve and the W Circuit in Torres del Paine National Park. The case study used interview and online research to describe the background, history and vision, and sustainable management practices the company has pursued to support conservation of the land and provide education to visitors from all over the world. A thorough presentation of the business and its staff’s practices is outlined, including its variety of accommodation options, sustainability practices, and the work its non-governmental organization (NGO) is doing to support conservation. Hospitality businesses that are in the adventure tourism industry can use this case study as an example of how business management and sustainability initiatives can be used to sustain both a successful tourism business and the land that is essential to its long-term success.

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Correlation between the nanomechanical characteristic and the phase transformation of BCC-based high entropy alloys produced via powder metallurgy
Authors: Lee Hansung , Sharma Ashutosh , Kim Minsu , Ahn Byungmin
Published: June 2023

In this study, the effects of Cu addition on AlFeMnTiSi0.75Cu x ( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00; in molar ratios) high entropy alloys (HEAs) prepared via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering were investigated. The structure, phase, morphology and composition of HEA powders were analysed and the results revealed that the AlFeMnTiSi0.75Cu x HEAs exhibited a multiphase structure. Additionally, after sintering at 900 °C, the formation of BCC, µ and L21 phases in the densified HEAs was enhanced. The investigation of the hardness, nanoindentation and compressive properties revealed that the microstructural and mechanical properties of AlFeMnTiSi0.75Cu x HEAs were improved at the optimal Cu fraction (0.25 molar ratio). The nanoindentation results revealed that the AlFeMnTiSi0.75Cu x HEAs exhibited the highest hardness and elastic modulus (HIT = 19.2 GPa, EIT = 336 GPa). These results improve the current understanding of multiphase HEAs and may pave way for the development of advanced HEAs with superior mechanical properties.
Searching for a
0(980)-meson parton distribution function
Authors: Wu Zai-Hui , Fu Hai-Bing , Zhong Tao , Chen Yu , Dai Ya-Hong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we calculate the scalar a
0(980)-meson leading-twist wave function by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model (LCHO), where the model parameters are determined by fitting the ξ-moments

〈

ξ

a

0

n

〉

ζ

of its light-cone distribution amplitudes. Then, the a
0(980)-meson leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes with three different scales ζ = (1.0, 2.0, 5.2)GeV are given. After constructing the relationship between the a
0(980)-meson leading-twist parton distribution functions/valence quark distribution function and its LCHO wave function, we exhibit the

q

a

0

(
x
,
ζ
)

and

xq

a

0

(
x
,
ζ
)

with different scales. Furthermore, we also calculate the Mellin moments of the a
0(980)-meson’s valence quark distribution function

〈

x

n

q

a

0

〉

ζ

with n = (1, 2, 3), i.e.

〈

xq

a

0

〉

ζ

5

=
0.027

,

〈

x

2

q

a

0

〉

ζ

5

=
0.018

and

〈

x

3

q

a

0

〉

ζ

5

=
0.013

. Finally, the scale evolution for the ratio of the Mellin moments

x

a

0

n

(
ζ
,

ζ

k

)

are presented.
Rolling structure from bilayer nanofilm by mismatch
Authors: Li 李 Jian-Gang 建刚 , Geng 耿 Xiao-Pi 小丕 , Gao 高 Qian-Nan 倩男 , Zhu 朱 Jun 俊 , Gao 高 Zhi-Xiang 志翔 , Zhu 朱 Hong-Wei 弘伟
Published: June 2023

A continuum theoretical scheme for self-rolling nanotubes from bilayers by mismatch is obtained by considering surface elasticity, surface stress, and symmetry lowering effects. For an ultrathin nanofilm with only several nanometers in thickness, isotropic mismatch, and isotropic surface stress usually induce anisotropic rolling behavior. The isotropic Timoshenko formula should be modified anisotropically to explain the mechanical behavior of anisotropic rolling structure of nanotubes accurately. The nanofilm rolls up in tangential direction while remaining straight in cylindrical direction theoretically. Therefore, in this paper the anisotropic shape of nanotubes is taken into consideration. Along the cylindrical direction, although it maintains straight and its residual strain is uniform, the stress varies in the radial direction due to the Poisson’s effect of tangential strain. The results of the current theory applied to Si–Si nanotube, InAs–GaAs nanotube, and InGaAs–Cr nanotube systems show good agreement with the experimental data. Beside the surface elasticity effect and surface stress effect, the symmetry breaking and the anisotropic rolling structure are of great importance in theoretically describing the mechanical behavior of rolling-up of nanotubes.
New MgO–H2O compounds at extreme conditions
Authors: Guo Lanci , Zhang Jurong
Published: June 2023

The reaction of water and other materials has been the central topic under high-pressure physics research, because the Earth, super-Earth, Uranus, Neptune and other planets contain a great amount of water inside. However, the reaction between star-rich MgO and water under ultra-high pressure remains still poorly understood. Here, using ab initio evolutionary structure prediction researches of the structures of MgO–H2O system at 300 GPa–600 GPa, we find that (MgO)2H2O and MgO(H2O)2 could become stable. The (MgO)2H2O compounds may be an important component of super-Earth and the ice-rock boundary of Uranus and Neptune. Furthermore, it may be the reservoir under high pressure before the forming of the Earth’s core or other super-Earths. The current findings could expand our knowledge and improve our understanding of the evolution and composition of planets.
Testing of a new type SEU-tolerant SRAM
Authors: Song Chunxiao , Qin Jiajun , Chang Zeguang , Guo Jiacheng , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2023

In high-energy physics experiments, it is a trend to implement digitalization in the front end of readout electronics based on Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), which are exposed to the radiation environment. As an important part of ASIC, SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory) is impressionable to Single Event Upset (SEU) due to the radiation environment. Therefore, a new SEU-tolerant SRAM cell structure was designed in our previous work. In this paper, a test system for evaluating the radiation tolerance effect of this SRAM structure is described, and the chip’s performance in the radiation environment is presented. The test results show that the new SRAM cell upset cross-section was reduced by five times compared with the ordinary 6T cell without increasing the power consumption.
A non-destructive method for fixing placards with masonry structures
Authors: Bianco L , Bianco A
Published: June 2023

It is common practice for government agencies to fix signs – and indeed even official temporary notices – onto masonry structures using steel nails. This method of fixing is destructive; it causes irreversible damage to the material fabric, which has a bearing on the overall aesthetic of the building, a scenario which is more acute if the site is of cultural heritage significance. Stones and concrete blocks (locally referred to as concrete bricks), the latter introduced in the 1950s, are the main materials used in masonry construction in Malta. Clay bricks are not utilized, as in Malta there is a blanket prohibition on the extraction of local clay. The main building material used in Malta since time immemorial is Lower Globigerina Limestone. This article puts forward the case for a non-destructive, reversable method to fix notices to building which respects the integrity of the dimension stones. Instead of being hammered into masonry blocks, the proposed removable plugs are installed in the mortar. Their size is relative to the thickness of the mortar bed and the load they are designed to carry, the latter being of negligible importance in the case of lightweight placards. The proposed solution applies equally to other masonry structures, whether erected in dimension or randomly placed stones, concrete blocks or clay bricks, as long as the construction in question uses mortar in the joints between the units.
Studies on heavy duty pavements reinforced with steel fibers for port infrastructures
Authors: Ionițoaiei P , Rotaru A
Published: June 2023

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) for industrial floors has become a state-of-the-art construction method in all industries worldwide, including the construction of port platforms. The first patent that refers to a dispersed reinforced concrete element with steel fibers there exists since 1874 and was patented in the USA (California) by A. Bernard who proved the improvement of the strength of the concrete by adding some uneven steel scraps. Steel fibers have been created to improve the durability and flexibility of concrete under high loads, over long periods of time, providing three-dimensional reinforcement of concrete. Steel fibers can be used as the sole form of reinforcement or in combination with reinforcement bars or welded wire mesh.
Steel hall constructive solution beam with a full web, optimization of sections and joints
Authors: Tepes-Onea F , Janczak N
Published: June 2023

In the present paper, the design of a steel warehouse structure was investigated. After establishing the base sections for the beams and columns through the design for ultimate resistance and buckling strength, an optimization procedure was applied to the beam-to-column connection. Three types of connections were studied: a bolted connection with end plate, a welded connection and a bolted connection with web and flange angles. The detailed analysis of the components of the connections was performed with the help of the software “IdeaStatica”. The advantages and disadvantages of the three joint solutions are presented. The results were compared and the best solution was proposed in view of costs, structural performance, inspection difficulties, joint stiffness, and the installation and safety process.
Thermal characteristics analysis of bearing in grinding system of grinding robot
Authors: Wang Z , Yin Z C , Wang Z N , Chen C M
Published: June 2023

Grinding robot is used in building construction to replace manual grinding of concrete components. Bearing in grinding system under high-speed conditions has friction violently with the inner and outer ring, and generates a lot of heat. This will cause thermal failure of grinding system. In order to explore the thermal characteristics of rolling bearings, a numerical analysis model based on bearing heat transfer mechanism was established to study the influence of different working conditions on bearing temperature. The results provide a reference for reducing the thermal failure of rolling bearings in grinding system of grinding robot.
Reuse of mixed masonry wastes in plastering mortars
Authors: Zaharie A , Țințișan M L , Siomin AC , Manea D L , Pleșa M L
Published: June 2023

According to Eurostat statistics, the volume of waste collected is constantly increasing, the amount of waste produced in Europe in 2020 reaching 2151 million tons. In the European Union, the most waste-producing activity is construction and demolition, accounting for 37.1% of the total waste produced in 2020. This type of waste has a high occupancy rate. This article proposes the reuse of mixed masonry waste in the production of plaster mortars. The maximum amount of mixed masonry waste used in the experiment was 35%, partially replacing the aggregate component. The physical and mechanical characteristics that have been measured in the experimental program may be divided into two categories: characteristics of mortars in fresh state (apparent density, consistency) and in hardened state (bending strength, compressive strength and adhesion to the support layer). In order to highlight the influence of the addition of waste on the composition and on the evolution of the mechanical properties of the studied mortars, the experimental program was distributed over 3, 7 and 28 days. The results showed an increase in the mechanical strength of mortars containing mixed masonry waste compared to standard mortar. Mixed masonry waste can be a substitute for raw materials in the production of new types of plaster mortars and contributes to the reduction of the resulting waste by recycling and reuse. The experimental program will be continued with microscopic investigations using modern investigation methods, to highlight the behaviour of mortars with masonry waste, and to identify the correct proportion of waste that can be used in mortar networks so as not to affect the characteristics required by the acting norms.
The logarithmic Bramson correction for Fisher-KPP equations on the lattice ℤ
Authors: Besse Christophe , Faye Grégory , Roquejoffre Jean-Michel , Zhang Mingmin
Published: June 2023

We establish in this paper the logarithmic Bramson correction for Fisher-KPP equations on the lattice

Z

\mathbb {Z}

. The level sets of solutions with step-like initial conditions are located at position

c
∗

t
−

3

2

λ
∗

ln
⁡
t
+
O
(
1
)

c_*t-\frac {3}{2\lambda _*}\ln t+O(1)

as

t
→
+
∞

t\rightarrow +\infty

for some explicit positive constants

c
∗

c_*

and

λ
∗

\lambda _*

. This extends a well-known result of Bramson in the continuous setting to the discrete case using only PDE arguments. A by-product of our analysis also gives that the solutions approach the family of logarithmically shifted traveling front solutions with minimal wave speed

c
∗

c_*

uniformly on the positive integers, and that the solutions converge along their level sets to the minimal traveling front for large times.
Iterative immunostaining combined with expansion microscopy and image processing reveals nanoscopic network organization of nuclear lamina
Authors: Mäntylä Elina , Montonen Toni , Azzari Lucio , Mattola Salla , Hannula Markus , Vihinen-Ranta Maija , Hyttinen Jari , Vippola Minnamari , Foi Alessandro , Nymark Soile , Ihalainen Teemu O.
Published: June 2023

Iterative indirect immunofluorescence staining (IT-IF) for expansion and structured illumination microscopy improves superresolution imaging of subnuclear nanostructures. The IT-IF increases antibody labeling density resulting in high intensity, while maintaining the signal-to-background ratio. Together with the robust denoising pipeline, IT-IF reveals the fine structural network of nuclear lamins.
Integration of hybrid and self-correction method improves the quality of long-read sequencing data
Authors: Tang Tao , Liu Yiping , Zheng Binshuang , Li Rong , Zhang Xiaocai , Liu Yuansheng
Published: June 2023

Third-generation sequencing (TGS) technologies have revolutionized genome science in the past decade. However, the long-read data produced by TGS platforms suffer from a much higher error rate than that of the previous technologies, thus complicating the downstream analysis. Several error correction tools for long-read data have been developed; these tools can be categorized into hybrid and self-correction tools. So far, these two types of tools are separately investigated, and their interplay remains understudied. Here, we integrate hybrid and self-correction methods for high-quality error correction. Our procedure leverages the inter-similarity between long-read data and high-accuracy information from short reads. We compare the performance of our method and state-of-the-art error correction tools on Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana datasets. The result shows that the integration approach outperformed the existing error correction methods and holds promise for improving the quality of downstream analyses in genomic research.
What does community do? Reconsidering community action on the Toronto Islands using assemblage theory
Authors: Stephens Lindsay
Published: June 2023

This paper uses assemblage theory to consider the work that community does in a residential neighborhood in Toronto, Canada. It utilizes assemblage theory and connections between assemblage, affect, and emotion to advance an understanding of how community shapes capacity and action. The analysis shows how community has been enacted on the Islands, what actions and tendencies this assemblage makes possible or likely, and what it constrains. It also contributes to understanding what assemblage analysis can do. The mechanisms by which desire is channeled toward certain kinds of actions in the assemblage include the performance of community for self-preservation, the use of history and memory in the making of the community assemblage, and the role of territoriality, identity, and belonging in community-preserving actions. The analysis also reveals processes of stasis through reification of the assemblage and its interdependence with other processes like racial capitalism. Finally, I propose possibilities for shifting the assemblage, including telling different histories, and greeting emotional intensity experimentally. Seeing community through the lens of assemblage enables us to ask different questions, which may help us build the communities we need for a more just future.
Stimulant-like subjective effects of alcohol are not related to resting-state connectivity in healthy men
Authors: Han Jiaxu , Keedy Sarah , de Wit Harriet
Published: June 2023

Individual differences in subjective, stimulant-like effects of alcohol are associated with the risk of developing alcohol use disorder. Specifically, individuals who experience more pronounced stimulant-like effects from alcohol are more likely to continue and escalate their usage. The neural basis for these individual differences in subjective response is not yet known. Using a within-subject design, 27 healthy male social drinkers completed three fMRI scans after ingesting a placebo, 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg alcohol, in a randomized order under double-blind conditions. Subjective stimulant effects of alcohol were assessed at regular intervals during each session. Seed-based and regional homogeneity analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in resting-state functional connectivity in relation to the stimulant effect of alcohol. Results indicated that 0.4 g/kg alcohol increased the connectivity to thalamus, and 0.8 g/kg alcohol decreased the connectivity to ventral anterior insula, primarily from the superior parietal lobule. Both doses reduced regional homogeneity in the superior parietal lobule but without an exact overlap with clusters showing connectivity changes in the seed-based analyses. The self-reported stimulant effect of alcohol was not significantly related to changes in seed-based connectivity or regional homogeneity. These findings suggest that alcohol-induced stimulation effects are not related to these indices of neural activity.
RP-LC Method Development and Validation for Dasatinib Forced Degradation Study: Isolation and Structural Characterization by NMR and HRMS
Authors: Kavitapu Dasameswara Rao , Murty Jayanti Naga Sri Rama Chandra , Maruthapillai Arthanareeswari , Senadi Gopal C , Mahapatra Sudarshan
Published: June 2023

A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the quantification of a typical drug Dasatinib (DST) and its related impurities in pharmaceuticals. Kinetex C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) column was used in the chromatographic separations, using buffer (1.36 g of KH2PO4 in 1000 mL of water, pH = 7.8; adjusted with diluted KOH solution) with solvent as acetonitrile and mode of elution as the gradient. The flow rate is 0.9 mL/min, column oven temperature as 45°C and the overall gradient run time as 65 min. The developed method was found to produce symmetric and good separation between the process-related and degradation impurities. Method optimization is achieved with photodiode array at 305 nm over the concentration range of 0.5 mg/mL and degradation studies were carried out under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions to demonstrate the stability indicating capability of the method. Two major impurities were found in forced degradation studies in the HPLC analysis, the unknown, acid degradants were enriched and isolated by preparative HPLC, then characterized through high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The unknown acid degradation impurity was showing Exact Mass of 521.11, molecular formula C22H25Cl2N7O2S and its chemical name as 2-(5-chloro-6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl) thiazole-5-carboxamide. Another impurity (oxidative degradant) found as known DST N-oxide Impurity-L and its chemical name as 4-(6-((5-((2-chloro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) thiazol-2-yl) amino)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine 1-oxide. The analytical HPLC method was further validated as per ICH guidelines.
Beaks promote rapid morphological diversification along distinct evolutionary trajectories in labrid fishes (Eupercaria: Labridae)
Authors: Evans Kory M , Larouche Olivier , Gartner Samantha M , Faucher Rose E , Dee Sylvia G , Westneat Mark W
Published: June 2023

The upper and lower jaws of some wrasses (Eupercaria: Labridae) possess teeth that have been coalesced into a strong durable beak that they use to graze on hard coral skeletons, hard-shelled prey, and algae, allowing many of these species to function as important ecosystem engineers in their respective marine habitats. While the ecological impact of the beak is well understood, questions remain about its evolutionary history and the effects of this innovation on the downstream patterns of morphological evolution. Here we analyze 3D cranial shape data in a phylogenetic comparative framework and use paleoclimate modeling to reconstruct the evolution of the labrid beak across 205 species. We find that wrasses evolved beaks three times independently, once within odacines and twice within parrotfishes in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. We find an increase in the rate of shape evolution in the Scarus+Chlorurus+Hipposcarus (SCH) clade of parrotfishes likely driven by the evolution of the intramandibular joint. Paleoclimate modeling shows that the SCH clade of parrotfishes rapidly morphologically diversified during the middle Miocene. We hypothesize that possession of a beak in the SCH clade coupled with favorable environmental conditions allowed these species to rapidly morphologically diversify.
Gas and light: triggers of c-di-GMP-mediated regulation
Authors: Yu Zhaoqing , Zhang Wei , Yang He , Chou Shan-Ho , Galperin Michael Y , He Jin
Published: June 2023

The widespread bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is responsible for regulating many important physiological functions such as biofilm formation, motility, cell differentiation, and virulence. The synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP in bacterial cells depend, respectively, on diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Since c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes (CMEs) are often fused to sensory domains, their activities are likely controlled by environmental signals, thereby altering cellular c-di-GMP levels and regulating bacterial adaptive behaviors. Previous studies on c-di-GMP-mediated regulation mainly focused on downstream signaling pathways, including the identification of CMEs, cellular c-di-GMP receptors, and c-di-GMP-regulated processes. The mechanisms of CME regulation by upstream signaling modules received less attention, resulting in a limited understanding of the c-di-GMP regulatory networks. We review here the diversity of sensory domains related to bacterial CME regulation. We specifically discuss those domains that are capable of sensing gaseous or light signals and the mechanisms they use for regulating cellular c-di-GMP levels. It is hoped that this review would help refine the complete c-di-GMP regulatory networks and improve our understanding of bacterial behaviors in changing environments. In practical terms, this may eventually provide a way to control c-di-GMP-mediated bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenesis in general.
Partial cutting favours northern white-cedar regeneration but does not ensure recruitment to canopy: does browsing matter?
Authors: Villemaire-Côté Olivier , Tremblay Jean-Pierre , Kenefic Laura S , Ruel Jean-Claude
Published: June 2023

Gap dynamics facilitate recruitment of late-successional species such as northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.). For this reason, harvests that result in partial rather than complete canopy removal have been suggested for cedar. However, success of regenerating cedar following partial harvests is uncertain, especially where there is heavy browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) or snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus). Efforts to understand how partial harvests and browsing interact to affect natural regeneration of cedar have been limited. We inventoried partially harvested stands along a gradient of 1–11 years since harvest in New Brunswick, Canada, in an area where deer frequently overwinter. Cedar regeneration was negatively influenced by browsing, but positively influenced by years since harvest and sapling basal area. Cedar seedling survival was assessed over a 2-year period and found to be primarily a function of height at initial measurement, with little influence of browsing. Annual vertical gain of cedar seedlings (a surrogate for height growth) decreased with increasing years since harvest and was influenced by distance from gap edge. In gaps, vertical gain increased with distance to gap edge, while distance to gap edge had a negative influence on vertical gain of seedlings in the matrix (between-gap areas). Many tagged cedar seedlings disappeared prior to remeasurement. These were likely completely consumed by browsers, limiting our ability to determine relative influences of partial harvest and browsing on cedar regeneration. We conclude that partial harvests, as applied in this study, increase cedar abundance and vertical gain, but browsing may necessitate seedling protection. We suggest monitoring to confirm sufficient cedar regeneration in partially harvested stands, using exclosures where browsing is a concern, and retaining or at least delaying removal of seed-bearing cedar overstory trees until regeneration has reached heights safe from browsing.
One Health compartment analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli reveals multiple transmission events in a rural area of Madagascar
Authors: Gay Noellie , Rabenandrasana Mamitina Alain Noah , Panandiniaina Harielle Prisca , Rakotoninidrina Marie Florence , Ramahatafandry Ilo Tsimok’Haja , Enouf Vincent , Roger François , Collard Jean-Marc , Cardinale Eric , Rieux Adrien , Loire Etienne
Published: June 2023

Background

ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) is considered a key indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemiological surveillance in animal, human and environment compartments. There is likelihood of ESBL-Ec animal–human transmission but proof of cross-compartment transmission is still unclear.

Objectives

To characterize ESBL-Ec genetic similarity in various compartments (humans, animals and environment) from a rural area of Madagascar.

Methods

We collected ESBL-Ec isolates prospectively from humans, animals and the environment (water) between April and October 2018. These isolates were subject to WGS and analysed with cutting-edge phylogenomic methods to characterize population genetic structure and infer putative transmission events among compartments.

Results

Of the 1454 samples collected, 512 tested positive for ESBL-Ec. We successfully sequenced 510 samples, and a phylogenomic tree based on 179 365 SNPs was produced. Phylogenetic distances between and amongst compartments were indistinguishable, and 104 clusters of recent transmission events between compartments were highlighted. Amongst a large diversity of ESBL-Ec genotypes, no lineage host specificity was observed, indicating the regular occurrence of ESBL-Ec transfer among compartments in rural Madagascar.

Conclusions

Our findings stress the importance of using a phylogenomic approach on ESBL-Ec samples in various putative compartments to obtain a clear baseline of AMR transmissions in rural settings, where one wants to identify risk factors associated with transmission or to measure the effect of ‘One Health’ interventions in low- and middle-income countries.