bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Direction‐of‐Arrival Accuracy for Installed Antennas by Postprocessing of Far‐Field Data
Authors: Frid Henrik , Malmström Johan , Jonsson B. L. G.
Published: November 2019

Direction‐of‐arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy can be degraded due to installation effects, such as platform reflections, diffraction from metal edges, and reflections and refraction in the radome. To analyze these effects, this paper starts with a definition of the term installation error related to DoA estimation. Thereafter, we present a postprocessing method, which can be used to determine the DoA estimation accuracy for installed antennas. By computing synthetic signals from the installed far‐field data, it is possible to analyze the installation errors described above, in addition to analyzing array model errors. The method formulation is general, thus allowing generic array configurations, installation configurations, and direction‐finding algorithms to be studied. The use of the presented method is demonstrated by a case study of a wideband four‐quadrant array. In this case study, we investigate the installation errors due to a single‐shell radome. Thereafter, the effects of platform reflections are also analyzed, for an antenna placement in the tail of a fighter aircraft. Simulation results are presented for both the monopulse and the MUltiple SIgnal Classification direction‐finding algorithms.
Kinetic Exchange of Remobilized Phosphorus Related to Phosphorus‐Iron‐Sulfur Biogeochemical Coupling in Coastal Sediment
Authors: Pan Feng , Guo Zhanrong , Cai Yu , Liu Huatai , Wu Jinye , Fu Yuyao , Wang Bo , Gao Aiguo
Published: November 2019

Phosphorus (P) cycling in coastal sediment can be strongly coupled to iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) geochemical transformations. In this study, the high‐resolution dialysis (HR‐Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) techniques were employed to synchronously characterize the in situ P‐Fe‐S biogeochemistry in coastal sediments around Xiamen Bay, China. The results show that P remobilization is mainly controlled by dissimilatory Fe reduction in the Jiulong River Estuary (JE) and the eastern coast of Xiamen Bay (EX), while it is dominated by sulfate reduction in the Jiuxi River Estuary. The confined oxidizing depth and the higher DGT‐labile S and soluble Fe (II) concentrations in October indicate that the hypoxia induced by tides and river runoff has a greater effect on sulfate reduction and Fe reduction than high temperatures in July, which accelerate P remobilization and exchange flux. Model simulations of the P resupply and adsorption/desorption kinetics demonstrate that the enhancement of Fe reduction and sulfate reduction triggered by hypoxia promotes the continuous release of P. Both DGT‐labile P and S presented distinct distribution patterns in crab burrows during flood tide and ebb tide. A negative P exchange flux to the overlying water controlled by Fe (III) retention at JE and a positive P exchange flux controlled by intense sulfate reduction at EX were observed, both of which were significantly higher than the molecular diffusion flux. We suggest that internal P loading related to Fe and S redox geochemistry should receive more attention, especially in the context of expanding global marine hypoxia.
Author Correction: Effect of de novo transcriptome assembly on transcript quantification
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Han , Oyang Yen-Jen , Chen Chien-Yu
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Syncytin 1 dependent horizontal transfer of marker genes from retrovirally transduced cells
Authors: Uygur Berna , Melikov Kamran , Arakelyan Anush , Margolis Leonid B. , Chernomordik Leonid V.
Published: November 2019

Retroviral transduction is routinely used to generate cell lines expressing exogenous non-viral genes. Here, we show that human cells transduced to stably express GFP transfer GFP gene to non-transduced cells. This horizontal gene transfer was mediated by a fraction of extracellular membrane vesicles that were released by the transduced cells. These vesicles carried endogenous retroviral envelope protein syncytin 1 and essentially acted as replication-competent retroviruses. The ability to transfer the GFP gene correlated with the levels of syncytin 1 expression in the transduced cells and depended on the fusogenic activity of this protein, substantiating the hypothesis that endogenous syncytin 1 mediates fusion stage in the delivery of extracellular vesicle cargo into target cells. Our findings suggest that testing for replication-competent retroviruses, a routine safety test for transduced cell products in clinical studies, should be also carried out for cell lines generated by retroviral vectors in in vitro studies.
Phosphorylation of the histone demethylase KDM5B and regulation of the phenotype of triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yeh I-Ju , Esakov Emily , Lathia Justin D. , Miyagi Masaru , Reizes Ofer , Montano Monica M.
Published: November 2019

Epigenetic modifications are known to play critical roles in the expression of genes related to differentiation and dedifferentiation. Histone lysine demethylase KDM5B (PLU-1) catalyzes the demethylation of histone H3 on Lys 4 (H3K4), which results in the repression of gene expression. KDM5B is involved in regulation of luminal and basal cell specific gene expression in breast cancers. However, the mechanisms by which KDM5B is regulated in breast cancer, in particular in response to post-translational signals is not well-defined. Here, we demonstrate that KDM5B is phosphorylated at Ser1456 by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). Phosphorylation of KDM5B at Ser1456 attenuated the occupancy of KDM5B on the promoters of pluripotency genes. Moreover, KDM5B inhibited the expression of pluripotency genes, SOX2 and NANOG, and decreased the stem cell population in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (TNBC). We previously reported that the tumor suppressor HEXIM1 is a mediator of KDM5B recruitment to its target genes, and HEXIM1 is required for the inhibition of nuclear hormone receptor activity by KDM5B. Similarly, HEXIM1 is required for regulation of pluripotency genes by KDM5B.
High-throughput screening of laser additive manufactured metallic glass via ultrasonic wave
Authors: Zhai Linlin , Lu Yunzhuo , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Lu , Lu Xing
Published: November 2019

Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology provides an opportunity to fabricate bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) without any dimensional constraint and achieve the large-scale applications of BMGs. However, flaws, such as cracks, gas porosity, and crystalline phases, are always formed accompanied by the process of LAM, which seriously worsens the mechanical and physical properties of the resulting BMGs. Here, we present a novel method that involves ultrasonic wave technique to high-throughput screen the optimum process parameters for the LAM of BMG. A parameter library, constituted by a series of rectangular BMG samples, is rapidly fabricated by the LAM method under continuously changed combinations of laser power and travel speed. The ultrasonic attenuation factor, which is sensitive to the flaws, is used as the monitor to screen the parameters of the BMGs fabricated by the LAM. Using this approach, the laser power of 1300 W and travel speed of 600 mm/min are estimated as the optimum parameter combination for the LAM of a Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9 (Zr51) BMG with the slightest flaws. The amorphous-phase dominated microstructure and the sufficiently high tensile strength of the subsequent fabricated large-sized Zr51 BMG sample verify this optimum parameter combination.
Author Correction: State-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Oscillatory Currents on the Motor System during Action Observation
Authors: Feurra Matteo , Blagovechtchenski Evgeny , Nikulin Vadim V. , Nazarova Maria , Lebedeva Anna , Pozdeeva Daria , Yurevich Maria , Rossi Simone
Published: November 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Alcohol Intake and Cancer Risk
Authors: Romualdo G. R. , Vinken M. , Cogliati B.
Published: November 2019

Alcohol is classified as a group I carcinogen and is considered an important cause of cancer, corresponding to 12.6% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Heavy alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk for various types of cancers in humans, especially those associated with the gastrointestinal tract, such as the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, colon, rectum and pancreas. Several mechanisms are described in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated gastrointestinal cancers. Acetaldehyde, a toxic product of alcohol metabolism, has been proposed as the main carcinogenic compound, which causes DNA damage and genomic instability after heavy alcohol consumption. Indeed, acetaldehyde exhibits local carcinogenic actions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which has potential synergistic effects with other risk factors, such as smoking. This chapter will revise the evidence on the epidemiological association and mechanistic studies linking alcohol consumption with the risk of several types of gastrointestinal cancers.
Nutritional Genomics and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Ong T. P. , Pascoal G. F. L. , Novaes G. M. , Lajolo F. M. , Hassimotto N. M. A.
Published: November 2019

Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with risk reduction for cancer. The protective effects by these plant-based foods have been ascribed to the presence of polyphenols, which comprise a complex class of bioactive food compounds. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to exert several nutrigenomics actions by modulating several metabolic, cellular and molecular processes involved in cancer prevention, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Metabolomics represents a promising analytical approach for the investigation of large sets of metabolites in plasma, urine and feces. Metabolomics approaches have provided insight on key aspects related to dietary polyphenols’ nutritional effects, including intake estimation, bioavailability and biological actions. It is anticipated that the integration of metabolomics with other “omics”, including transcriptomics and proteomics, in a systems biology perspective will contribute to the definition of consistent dietary recommendations focusing on polyphenol consumption for health promotion and cancer prevention.
Nutrition, Epigenetics and Cancer Prevention
Authors: de Conti A. , Pogribny I. P. , Ross S. A.
Published: November 2019

The accurate maintenance of the cellular epigenome is one of the mechanisms by which dietary components can prevent or inhibit the development of cancer. Diet can regulate epigenetic mechanisms either directly through the activation or inhibition of chromatin-modifying enzymes or indirectly by providing the necessary metabolites for proper functioning. These concepts can be applied to the cancer preventive strategies in which dietary components alone or in combination with existing chemopreventive agents affect epigenetic mechanisms in favor of carcinogenesis control. Considering the crucial need in developing effective strategies for the prevention of cancer, elucidation of the mechanisms by which nutrients, bioactive food compounds, or dietary patterns modulate epigenetic mechanisms to control carcinogenic processes are of great importance. It is expected that recent advances in modern epigenome-wide technological tools will facilitate the incorporation of dietary components in cancer preventive strategies.
Nutrition, the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Lopes R. G. , do Prado S. B. R. , Fabi J. P.
Published: November 2019

The gastrointestinal microbiota acts on the maturation of the immune system and in the regulation of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. An altered intestinal microbiota could lead to some undesirable outcomes, such as local and systemic inflammation, pathogenic colonization and, consequently, cancer. The interaction between the human immune system and the gastrointestinal microbiota hinders a wide range of pathogenic attacks. However, when dysbiosis – an altered biological condition of bacterial profiling – occurs, carcinogenesis could be incipient. In this way, the gastrointestinal microbiota plays an important role in cancer prevention and cancer progression. Colorectal carcinogenesis is mainly driven by sequential genetic mutations in intestinal cells’ DNA and there is a correlation between early signs of dysbiosis with colorectal cancer (CRC). Some bacteria could be the cause of CRC while some others could just be the consequence of cancer development. Within all these bacteria, some could modify food components from diet resulting in tumor-suppressor molecules or in pro-carcinogenic molecules. In this way, a regular ingestion of a balanced diet, with low amounts of fat, red meat and processed meat, and high amounts of food fibers with optional supplementation of probiotics could be a key strategy for cancer prevention.
Nutrition and Breast Cancer Prevention
Authors: Andrade F. O. , Hilakivi-Clarke L.
Published: November 2019

Diet is considered a key lifestyle factor in influencing breast cancer risk, and thus a promising tool to attempt to prevent this disease. However, the exact food groups we should consume and those we should avoid to prevent breast cancer continue to remain unclear. Focusing on the 3rd Expert Report by the WCRF/AICR, in this chapter we discuss the current knowledge about limiting fat intake to 25% of total energy intake, and consuming plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially those that contain β-carotenoids. No specific fatty acid (saturated or unsaturated) seems to be better or worse than any other. We also will provide evidence in support of incorporating legumes high in isoflavone genistein to the diet to prevent breast cancer and its recurrence, and after breast cancer diagnosis, supplementing diet with vitamin D if a patient’s vitamin D levels are not sufficient.
Amorphous-to-crystalline transition and photoluminescence switching in guest-absorbing metal–organic network thin films
Authors: Ghazy Amr , Safdar Muhammad , Lastusaari Mika , Karppinen Maarit
Published: November 2019

Amorphous-to-crystalline (aMOF-to-MOF) transition and simultaneous quenching of luminescence are seen upon water absorption for Nd-terephthalate thin films grown using ALD/MLD method.
An investigation of the polymorphism of a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flunixin
Authors: Liu Hao , Yang Xing , Wu Shanyu , Zhang Mingtao , Parkin Sean , Cao Shuang , Li Tonglei , Yu Faquan , Long Sihui
Published: November 2019

Flunixin, a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used in veterinary medicine, was found to exist in at least two crystal forms, in contrast to clonixin which exists in four solvent-free forms and multiple solvates.
Upconversion luminescence modulated by alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) induced crystallization in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped β-PbF2 oxyfluoride glass ceramics
Authors: Guo Yuao , Zhao Lijuan , Fu Yuting , Dong Haotian , Yu Hua
Published: November 2019

Upconversion luminescence of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped β-PbF2 oxyfluoride glass ceramics modulated by alkali metals (Li, Na, and K).
Quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of polaron formation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite
Authors: Uratani Hiroki , Chou Chien-Pin , Nakai Hiromi
Published: November 2019

Polaron formation in a halide perovskite is analyzed via nanometre-scale quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations.
Thermal stability modulation of the native and chemically-unfolded state of bovine serum albumin by amino acids
Authors: Pal Saikat , Pyne Partha , Samanta Nirnay , Ebbinghaus Simon , Mitra Rajib Kumar
Published: November 2019

Cells are crowded with various cosolutes including salts, osmolytes, nucleic acids, peptides and proteins.
Laser induced Fano scattering, electron–phonon coupling, bond length and phonon lifetime changes in α-Fe2O3 nanostructures
Authors: Sunny Anoop , Thirumurugan Arun , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan
Published: November 2019

We have extensively studied the laser-induced Fano scattering, electron–phonon coupling, bond length and phonon lifetime of the α-Fe2O3 nanostructure prepared through a simple co-precipitation method.
Minimization of solid-state conformational disorder in donor–acceptor TADF compounds
Authors: Serevičius Tomas , Skaisgiris Rokas , Dodonova Jelena , Kazlauskas Karolis , Juršėnas Saulius , Tumkevičius Sigitas
Published: November 2019

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds with a flexible donor–acceptor structure suffer from conformational disorder in solid-state, which deteriorates their emission properties as well as OLED performance.
Waste minimized synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds via heterogeneous manganese catalysed C–H oxidation in flow
Authors: Ferlin Francesco , Luque Navarro Pilar María , Gu Yanlong , Lanari Daniela , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: November 2019

Herein, we present our results on the development of a continuous flow protocol enabling the waste minimised synthesis of relevant pharmaceuticals and natural compounds.
A combined experimental and theoretical study of bimetallic bis- and tris-homocubane analogues
Authors: Joseph Benson , Prakash Rini , Pathak Kriti , Roisnel Thierry , Kahlal Samia , Halet Jean-François , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: November 2019

Various bimetallic bis- and tris-homocubane analogues of group 9 transition metals have been isolated and structurally characterized employing Li[BH2E3] (E = S or Se).
Slowing down supercooled liquids by manipulating their local structure
Authors: Marín-Aguilar Susana , Wensink Henricus H. , Foffi Giuseppe , Smallenburg Frank
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we propose a simple directional colloidal model that reinforces the optimal icosahedral local structure of binary hard-sphere glasses. We show that this specific symmetry results in a dramatic slowing down of the dynamics.
Astroglial contribution to tau-dependent neurodegeneration
Authors: Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz Marta , Strużyńska Lidia
Published: November 2019

Astrocytes, by maintaining an optimal environment for neuronal function, play a critical role in proper function of mammalian nervous system. They regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity and protect neurons against toxic insults. Astrocytes and neurons interact actively via glutamine-glutamate cycle (GGC) that supports neuronal metabolic demands and neurotransmission. GGC deficiency may be involved in different diseases of the brain, where impaired astrocytic control of glutamate homeostasis contributes to neuronal dysfunction. This includes tau-dependent neurodegeneration, where astrocytes lose key molecules involved in regulation of glutamate/glutamine homeostasis, neuronal survival and synaptogenesis. Astrocytic dysfunction in tauopathy appears to precede neurodegeneration and overt tau neuropathology such as phosphorylation, aggregation and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. In this review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that activation of astrocytes is strictly associated with neurodegenerative processes including those involved in tau related pathology. We propose that astrocytic dysfunction, by disrupting the proper neuron-glia signalling early in the disease, significantly contributes to tauopathy pathogenesis.
Crystal structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme from Anopheles gambiae in its native form and with a bound inhibitor
Authors: Cashman John S. , Cozier Gyles E. , Harrison Charlotte , Isaac R. Elwyn , Acharya K. Ravi
Published: November 2019

The mosquitoes of the Anopheles and Aedes genus are some of the most deadly insects to humans because of their effectiveness as vectors of malaria and a range of arboviruses, including yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, West Nile and Zika. The use of insecticides from different chemical classes is a key component of the integrated strategy against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, but the problem of insecticide resistance means that new compounds with different modes of action are urgently needed to replace chemicals that fail to control resistant mosquito populations. We have previously shown that feeding inhibitors of peptidyl dipeptidase A to both An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae lead to stunted growth and mortality. However, these compounds were designed to inhibit the mammalian form of the enzyme (angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE) and hence can have lower potency and lack selectivity as inhibitors of the insect peptidase. Thus, for the development of inhibitors of practical value in killing mosquito larvae, it is important to design new compounds that are both potent and highly selective. Here, we report the first structures of AnoACE2 from An. gambiae in its native form and with a bound human ACE inhibitor fosinoprilat. A comparison of these structures with human ACE (sACE) and an insect ACE homologue from Drosophila melanogaster (AnCE) revealed that the AnoACE2 structure is more similar to AnCE. In addition, important elements that differ in these structures provide information that could potentially be utilised in the design of chemical leads for selective mosquitocide development.
Analytical on‐line method of determining transient stability margin using protection information for asymmetric faults
Authors: Wang Tong , Liu Jiuliang , Zhu Shaoxuan , Wang Zengping
Published: November 2019

The transient stability margin is affected by different fault locations, fault clearing time and fault types that could be provided by protection information. This study presents an analytical on‐line method of determining transient stability margin quantitatively using protection information for multi‐generator system. First, the multi‐machine system is equivalent to a one‐machine infinity‐bus system with the help of complementary cluster centre of inertia‐relative motion. Second, the asymmetric fault models are built using positive rule, and the transient stability margin is then deduced by modelling the piecewise models of generator angles. Third, the practical transient stability margin assessment algorithm is then obtained. The sensitivity and affection mechanism of stability margin affected by fault factors are further derived, and the analytical stability margin is put forward to online access the transient stability margin after fault with the acquisition of the protection information. Finally, four‐generator system, New England system and a real large power grid are used as test systems to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
Global axisymmetric simulations of photoevaporation and magnetically driven protoplanetary disk winds
Authors: Rodenkirch P. J. , Klahr H. , Fendt C. , Dullemond C. P.
Published: November 2019

Context. Photoevaporation and magnetically driven winds are two independent mechanisms that remove mass from protoplanetary disks. In addition to accretion, the effect of these two principles acting concurrently could be significant, and the transition between them has not yet been extensively studied and quantified.

Aims. In order to contribute to the understanding of disk winds, we present the phenomena emerging in the framework of two-dimensional axisymmetric, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations including extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray driven photoevaporation. Of particular interest are the examination of the transition region between photoevaporation and magnetically driven wind, the possibility of emerging magnetocentrifugal wind effects, and the morphology of the wind itself, which depends on the strength of the magnetic field.

Methods. We used the PLUTO code in a two-dimensional axisymmetric configuration with additional treatment of EUV and X-ray heating and dynamic ohmic diffusion based on a semi-analytical chemical model.

Results. We determine that the transition between the two outflow types occurs for values of the initial plasma beta β ≥ 107, while magnetically driven winds generally outperform photoevaporation for stronger fields. In our simulations we observe irregular and asymmetric outflows for stronger magnetic fields. In the weak-field regime, the photoevaporation rates are slightly lowered by perturbations of the gas density in the inner regions of the disk. Overall, our results predict a wind with a lever arm smaller than 1.5, consistent with a hot magnetothermal wind. Stronger accretion flows are present for values of β < 107.
Robustness to bad frames in angular differential imaging: a local weighting approach
Authors: Flasseur Olivier , Denis Loïc , Thiébaut Éric , Langlois Maud
Published: November 2019

Context. The detection of exoplanets by direct imaging is very challenging. It requires an extreme adaptive-optics (AO) system and a coronagraph as well as suitable observing strategies. In angular differential imaging, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by combining several observations.

Aims. Due to the evolution of the observation conditions and of the AO correction, the quality of the observations may vary significantly during the observing sequence. It is common practice to reject images of comparatively poor quality. We aim to decipher when this selection should be performed and what its impact on detection performance is.

Methods. Rather than discarding a full image, we study the local fluctuations of the signal at each frame and derive weighting maps for each frame. These fluctuations are modeled locally directly from the data through the spatio-temporal covariance of small image patches. The weights derived from the temporal variances can be used to improve the robustness of the detection step and reduce estimation errors of both the astrometry and photometry. The impact of bad frames can be analyzed by statistically characterizing the detection and estimation performance.

Results. When used together with a modeling of the spatial covariances (PACO algorithm), these weights improve the robustness of the detection method.

Conclusions. The spatio-temporal modeling of the background fluctuations provides a way to exploit all acquired frames. In the case of bad frames, areas with larger fluctuations are discarded by a weighting strategy and do not corrupt the detection map or the astrometric and photometric estimations. Other areas of better quality are preserved and are included to detect and characterize sources.
High-precision Monte Carlo modelling of galaxy distribution
Authors: Baratta Philippe , Bel Julien , Plaszczynski Stephane , Ealet Anne
Published: November 2019

We revisit the case of fast Monte Carlo simulations of galaxy positions for a non-Gaussian field. More precisely, we address the question of generating a 3D field with a given one-point function (e.g. log-normal) and some power spectrum fixed by cosmology. We highlight and investigate a problem that occurs in the log-normal case when the field is filtered, and we identify a regime where this approximation still holds. However, we show that the filtering is unnecessary if aliasing effects are taken into account and the discrete sampling step is carefully controlled. In this way we demonstrate a sub-percent precision of all our spectra up to the Nyquist frequency. We extend the method to generate a full light cone evolution, comparing two methods for this process, and validate our method with a tomographic analysis. We analytically and numerically investigate the structure of the covariance matrices obtained with such simulations which may be useful for future large and deep surveys.
Molecular outflows in local galaxies: Method comparison and a role of intermittent AGN driving
Authors: Lutz D. , Sturm E. , Janssen A. , Veilleux S. , Aalto S. , Cicone C. , Contursi A. , Davies R. I. , Feruglio C. , Fischer J. , Fluetsch A. , Garcia-Burillo S. , Genzel R. , González-Alfonso E. , Graciá-Carpio J. , Herrera-Camus R. , Maiolino R. , Schruba A. , Shimizu T. , Sternberg A. , Tacconi L. J. , Weiß A.
Published: November 2019

We report new detections and limits from a NOEMA and ALMA CO(1-0) search for molecular outflows in 13 local galaxies with high far-infrared surface brightness, and combine these with local universe CO outflow results from the literature. The CO line ratios and spatial outflow structure of our targets provide some constraints on the conversion steps from observables to physical quantities such as molecular mass outflow rates. Where available, ratios between outflow emission in higher J CO transitions and in CO(1-0) are typically consistent with excitationRi1 ≲ 1. However, for IRAS 13120−5453,R31 = 2.10 ± 0.29 indicates optically thin CO in the outflow. Like much of the outflow literature, we useαCO(1 − 0)= 0.8, and we present arguments for usingC = 1 in deriving molecular mass outflow ratesṀout=CMoutvout/Rout. We compare the two main methods for molecular outflow detection: CO millimeter interferometry andHerschelOH-based spectroscopic outflow searches. For 26 sources studied with both methods, we find an 80% agreement in detectingvout≳ 150 km s−1outflows, and non-matches can be plausibly ascribed to outflow geometry and signal-to-noise ratio. For a published sample of 12 bright ultraluminous infrared galaxies with detailed OH-based outflow modeling, CO outflows are detected in all but one. Outflow masses, velocities, and sizes for these 11 sources agree well between the two methods, and modest remaining differences may relate to the different but overlapping regions sampled by CO emission and OH absorption. Outflow properties correlate better with active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity and with bolometric luminosity than with far-infrared surface brightness. The most massive outflows are found for systems with current AGN activity, but significant outflows in nonAGN systems must relate to star formation or to AGN activity in the recent past. We report scaling relations for the increase of outflow mass, rate, momentum rate, and kinetic power with bolometric luminosity. Short flow times of ∼106yr and some sources with resolved multiple outflow episodes support a role of intermittent driving, likely by AGNs.
The effect of gas pressure during ion-plasma deposition on the microstructure of M-coatings and the emission properties of molecular sputter-deposited oxide cathodes
Authors: Zhabin Gennady , Arkhipov Denis
Published: November 2019

The results of the study of the effect of gas pressure and gas composition bу ion-plasma deposition of oxide coatings on the microstructure and the emission properties of molecular sputter-deposited oxide cathodes (MSDOC) are presented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to investigate changes in the morphology, microstructure, and elemental composition of the films. It is shown that with decreasing pressure, the emission properties of films improve, the coating density and grain size increase, and the roughness decreases.
Development four-band circular polarization patch antenna
Authors: Bezgin Aleksandr , Savochkin Aleksandr
Published: November 2019

A combined four-band circular polarized patch antenna for the Argos-3 satellite communications system and GPS satellite positioning system of the L1 and L2 band is considered. The antenna provides operation circular right-handed polarization field in four frequency bands.
Increasing bandwidth of full-metal slot reflectarray antennas
Authors: Sugak Mikhail , Ballandovich Svyatoslav , Kostikov Grigory , Liubina Lubov , Antonov Yury
Published: November 2019

Results of theoretical and experimental investigations of full-metal slot reflectarray antennas with increased bandwidth are presented. Bandwidth increasing is achieved by means of certain sizes choice for each reflective element so that the phase-error minimum in a required frequency range would be created . Two prototypes - single-layer and two-layer - of K-band slot reflectarray antennas have been manufactured and tested. Effectiveness of the described designing routine is proved by experimental data: achieved bandwidth for the single-layer and two-layer structure is 25% and 32% respectively.
Development of a circular polarized fractal antenna
Authors: Savochkin Alexandr , Nudga Alexander
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of analytical work, computer modeling, and experimental studies of the fractal antenna of circular polarization. The antenna is a flat structure parallel to the screen. The phase shifts necessary for the operation of the antenna are provided by delay lines. The antenna operates in the frequency range of 902 ... 928 MHz, an experimental study of its characteristics was performed in the same range.
Selectivity of a resonant cavity antenna
Authors: Bukharin Viktor , Voytovich Nikolay
Published: November 2019

The main selective characteristics of a Resonant Cavity Antenna, which is a radiating element of the antenna array of a glide path station, are presented. The results of rigorous electrodynamic modeling of a resonator antenna and experimental results of studies on antenna samples are presented
Features of electromagnetic wave propagation in two- and three-layer cylindrical dielectric waveguides
Authors: Shein Alexander G. , Kharlanova Tatiana S.
Published: November 2019

Various characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagating in two- and three-layer open-dielectric waveguide structures of cylindrical shape are studied. Parameters of wave components in separate areas of the waveguide are considered. Electrodynamic characteristics and frequency dependencies for several values of layer dielectric permittivity obtained during the study are analyzed. The corresponding graphs of dependencies are presented. The dependencies of the power flux density of transverse magnetic (TM) waves in two- and three-layer waveguide structures in the absence of field dependence on azimuthal angle are considered.
Analysis of a fast-acting waveguide ferrite phase shifter with longitudinal magnetization phasing structure
Authors: Komissarova Elena V. , Krekhtunov Vladimir M. , Rusov Yury S.
Published: November 2019

The electrodynamic analysis and calculation of the phasing structure of a waveguide ferrite Faraday phase shifter with longitudinal magnetization of a ferrite rod with a square cross-section are performed. In the strict electrodynamic formulation, the Galerkin method solves the key problem for the design of the phase shifter: the problem of eigenwaves finding with a second-order differential magnetic operator in the projection procedure for a rectangular waveguide with a transversely inhomogeneous ferrite-dielectric filling under longitudinal magnetization. The problem is reduced to solving the complete eigenvalue problem of a complex matrix. The computational algorithm, implemented as a computer program in DELPHI, gives in one procedure the numerical values of the coefficients of the decomposition of fields in the form of eigenvectors of the matrix, and the coefficients of wave propagation in the form of its eigenvalues. The results of calculations of the phasing structure activity for two particular cases of its implementation are presented: on the basis of a ferrite rod both with a conductive coating and without a coating, it is shown that in the second case the activity of the phase shifter is 1.5 times higher. For the real parameters of the ferrite medium, the length of the phasing structure is calculated depending on the transverse dimensions of the ferrite rod and the square waveguide, which ensures the creation of a 360° controlled phase shift.
Thin-film materials based on phthalocyanine derivatives: structure and physico-chemical properties
Authors: Kazak Alexandr , Marchenkova Margarita , Smirnova Antonina , Dubinina Tatiana , Seregin Alexey , Rogachev Alexandr , Usol'tseva Nadezhda
Published: November 2019

In order to establish the effect of the molecular structure of mix-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives on its supramolecular organization in thin-films, the floating layers of three A3B-type phthalocyanine derivatives were obtained. Their supramolecular organization was determined and it was found that the studied compounds form homogeneous stable floating layers on the water surface. Structure parameters of floating layers depend both on the length of aliphatic substituents (R = CnH2n+1) and the metal complexing agent. LigandsIandIIform stable monolayer structures, which the layer packing periods increase with the elongation of aliphatic substituents: the lattice parameter (d) is 1.93 and 2.3 nm for ligandsI(n= 6) andII(n= 8), correspondingly.

During further compression of the formed monolayers, ligandsIandIIform stable bilayers, in which the arrangement of molecules remains similar to the structure of the previous monolayers. These bilayers contain minor inclusions of 3D aggregates. Metal complexIIIforms only stable monolayer (d = 2.06 nm), upon further compression of which 3D- aggregates included in the monolayer are formed.
Physic-topological (electrical) model of a junction field effect transistor, taking into account the degradation of operational characteristics under the influence of penetrating radiation
Authors: Lovshenko Ivan , Khanko Veranika , Stempitsky Viktor
Published: November 2019

The results of applying the compact model of junction field effect transistors developed and integrated into the Cadence software product for control to evaluate the hardness of a two-stage differential amplifier circuit under the combined or separate exposure to fluences of electrons, protons and neutrons are presented.
Methods of design a multiport measurements
Authors: Nechaev Vladimir , Kravchenko Oleg , Ulyanov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

The main implementation options for multiport RF and microwave measurements using n-port vector network analyzers, as well as switching measuring expansion units, are considered. A switching measuring unit and a port expander unit manufactured are presented by RPC Micran.
Experimental study of the dynamics of microwave pyrolysis of peat
Authors: Bogdashov Alexander , Denisenko Andrey , Glyavin Mikhail , Krapivnitskaia Tatiana , Peskov Nikolai , Semenycheva Lyudmila , Vorozhtcov Dmitriy
Published: November 2019

The work is devoted to the study of the effect of high-power microwave radiation on sphagnum peat. To implement the microwave pyrolysis process, a laboratory unit based on a coaxial resonator has been created. An industrial magnetron with a frequency of 2.45 GHz was used as a source of microwave radiation. Samples of gas, liquid and solid phases were obtained and analyzed. Studies of soft microwave pyrolysis in conditions of constant removal of gaseous reaction products were carried out. A comparative analysis of the products obtained in microwave pyrolysis and pyrolysis with thermal heating was performed. The aim of the research is to create highly efficient environmentally friendly technologies for processing biofuels with a high yield of combustible gases, suitable for further use in power plants, as well as the production of resinous fraction and carbon residue.
Universal mathematical model of SAR signals for natural surfaces
Authors: Bokov Alexander , Markov Yury , Vazhenin Vladimir , Margilevsky Sergey
Published: November 2019

The implementation of the basic version of the universal mathematical model of the formation of reflected signals for various airborne radar systems, including the synthetic antenna aperture radar, when working on natural surfaces are discussed in the article. A number of parameters are required to study, which must be taken into account for the correct modeling of echo signals, which must then be processed to calculate radar images. A method for constructing such a mathematical model in MATLAB is presented with some modeling results for a homogeneous rough surface and two typical pulse and continuous modulation signals. But the facet parameter structure of the simulated surface can take into account the possibilities of representing various types of terrain and objects created by man.
Fluoreszenzangiografieassistiertes Management von Rezidiven bei aggressiver posteriorer Frühgeborenenretinopathie (APROP) nach intravitrealer Monotherapie mit 0,312 mg Bevacizumab
Authors: Andrassi-Darida Monika , Mais Christine , Stieger Knut , Lorenz Birgit
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Bei aggressiver posteriorer Frühgeborenenretinopathie (APROP) können Rezidive nach intravitrealer Injektion von Bevacizumab (IVB) trotz erfolgreicher Aktivitätskontrolle des Akutstadiums auftreten und erfordern daher langfristige Kontrolluntersuchungen bei Extremfrühgeborenen. Als Rezidiv wird das Wiederauftreten von Pluszeichen und Leckage (mit oder ohne Proliferation) posterior, an und anterior der Vaskularisationsgrenze definiert.

Methoden RetCam-Weitwinkelfotografien und Fluoreszenzangiografien erfolgten bei Therapiebeginn mit IVB (Bevacizumab 0,312 mg in 0,025 ml pro Auge), vor jeder weiteren Therapie (IVB, Laser- oder Kryokoagulation, Pars-plana-Vitrektomie) sowie am Therapieende. Es wurde das Bildmaterial von 18 Augen/9 Extremfrühgeborenen mit APROP die zwischen 08/2008 und 12/2017 behandelt wurden (GA 21 – 27 Wochen, GG 430 – 890 g) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Mit einer einmaligen Injektion konnte nur bei 4 Augen/2 Kindern (22%) ein langfristiger Therapieerfolg erreicht werden. In 2 Augen/2 Kindern (11%) wurde bei nicht ausreichendem Therapieeffekt eine 2. und 3. Injektion innerhalb von 2 Wochen durchgeführt. Bis zu 3 Injektionen zusammen mit einer Laserkoagulation waren in 12 Augen/6 Kindern (67%) erforderlich, um eine vollständige Rückbildung der ROP-Aktivität zu erreichen. In 6 Augen/3 Kindern (33%) konnte erst mit der Laserkoagulation eine Rückbildung der Leckage an der ursprünglichen Vaskularisationsgrenze erreicht werden. In einem einzigen Auge kam es trotz allem zu einer Netzhautverziehung mit konsekutiver frustraner Netzhautchirurgie. Vor IVB war die Leckage in ⅔ auf Proliferationen zurückzuführen (12 Augen/6 Kinder). Bei Rezidiven nach IVB zeigte sich eine Verschiebung des Leckageortes nach posterior (14 Augen/4 Kinder), während nach Laserkoagulation Leckagen durch Proliferationen auch anterior der
Vaskularisationsgrenze beobachtet wurden (5 Augen/3 Kinder). Eine Therapieindikation bei fehlenden Pluszeichen und nicht erkennbaren Proliferationen in der Weitwinkelfotografie ergab sich bei 14 Augen/4 Kindern aufgrund von angiografischen Aktivitätszeichen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die intravitreale Injektion von 0,312 mg Bevacizumab zeigte sich als effektive Behandlungsmethode des APROP-Akutstadiums. Der langfristige Therapieerfolg erforderte die konsequente Erfassung und Behandlung von APROP-Rezidiven. Besonders hilfreich war dabei die Fluoreszenzangiografie in der Diagnostik von nicht erkennbaren Rezidiven in der Weitwinkelfotografie.
Wie attraktiv sind Sie?
Authors: Lehwald Andrea
Published: November 2019

Was macht Kliniken und Pflegeeinrichtungen als Arbeitgeber attraktiv und wie gewinnt man in Zeiten des Fachkräftemangels den „war for talents?“. Hier ein wenig Inspiration.
Prophylaxis and Therapy of Venous Thrombotic Events (VTE) in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Sucker Christoph
Published: November 2019

Venous thromboembolisms and pulmonary embolisms are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. The increased risk of thrombotic events caused by the physiological changes during pregnancy alone does not justify any medical antithrombotic prophylaxis. However, if there are also other risk factors such as a history of thromboses, hormonal stimulation as part of fertility treatment, thrombophilia, increased age of the pregnant woman, severe obesity or predisposing concomitant illnesses, the risk of thrombosis should be re-evaluated – if possible by a coagulation specialist – and drug prophylaxis should be initiated, where applicable. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are the standard medication for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Medical thrombosis prophylaxis started during pregnancy is generally continued for about six weeks following delivery due to the risk of thrombosis which peaks during the postpartum period. The same applies to therapeutic anticoagulation after the occurrence of a thrombotic event in pregnancy; here, a minimum duration of the therapy of three months should also be adhered to. During breastfeeding, LMWH or the oral anticoagulant warfarin can be considered; neither active substance passes into breast milk.
Preclinical Toxicology and Anticholangiocarcinoma Activity of Oral Formulation of Standardized Extract of Zingiber Officinale
Authors: Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: November 2019

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a significant public health problem in Thailand. New effective and safe drugs are urgently needed. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) is a widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of several ailments, and the animal study suggests a potential anti-CCA activity. The present study aimed to develop the oral formulation of standardized extract of ZO and investigate toxicological profiles (acute, repeated dose, and chronic toxicity), including anti-CCA activity of the ZO formulation. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of the standardized ZO extract was successfully developed with an acceptable level of contamination and physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity tests were conducted in healthy Sprague Dawley rats according to the OECD guidelines. The results showed no evidence of toxicity and death in the acute and subacute toxicity testing with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Chronic toxicity revealed MTD and No-Observed-Adverse-Effect level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-CCA activity was evaluated in CCA-xenografted mouse model. The formulated ZO powder was fed to animals daily for 30 days. Significant anti-CCA activity on tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of survival time were demonstrated at the high (2000 mg/kg body weight) and moderate (1000 mg/kg body weight) dose levels. Further investigation to elucidate molecular targets of action of ZO against CCA cells is encouraged.
Box-Behnken Design for Extraction Optimization Followed by High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: Production of a Flavonoid-enriched Fraction from Achyrocline Satureioides
Authors: Pittol Vanessa , Ortega George González , Doneda Eduarda , Bianchi Sara Elis , Santos Marí Castro , Koetz Mariana , Henriques Amélia Teresinha , Bassani Valquíria Linck
Published: November 2019

The biological properties of Achyrocline satureioides have been mostly ascribed to its major flavonoids quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LUT), and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ). The present study aimed to optimize the extraction by dynamic maceration of the major phenolic compounds in order to obtain in a subsequent step a flavonoid-enriched fraction (FEF) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). A 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to maximize the extraction of the substances, using the plant : solvent ratio (X1
), extraction time (X2
), and ethanol concentration (X3
) as factors. One-step HPCCC semipreparative separation with a solvent system composed of hexane : ethyl acetate : methanol : water (0.9 : 0.9 : 0.8 : 1.0, v/v) was employed to obtain the FEF. The second-order polynomial model was able to fit the experimental data adequately. The linear and quadratic terms of X3
were the most significant factors that affected all the responses. The positive linear term of X3
indicated a substantial increase in extraction yield, while the negative quadratic term showed a nonlinear tendency. Linear terms of X1
suggested a tendency to solvent saturation, except for QCT. The terms of X2
did not affect the responses substantially. The HPCCC method was found to be efficient and rapid for separating the FEF with 71% (w/w) flavonoid content. Overall, the developed extraction procedure coupled with HPCCC proved to be efficient for obtaining an enriched fraction with a very high content of flavonoids from A. satureioides.