bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive observer-based synchronization of two non-identical chaotic systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Bagheri P , Shahrokhi M , Salarieh H
Published: April 2015

In this study, adaptive observer-based synchronization of chaotic systems is considered. The master and slaves systems have different dynamics and it is assumed that the master system parameters are unknown while its states are available. First, it is assumed that the slave system parameters are known but its states are not completely available. It is shown that an observer for the slave system can be designed and applied for the purpose of synchronization. Based on a Lyapunov function, an adaptive law for master parameters estimation and a control law for the synchronization goal are extracted. Stability of the entire system including the observer dynamics has been proved. Further, it is assumed that the parameters of both master and slave systems are unknown. For this case, an adaptive nonlinear observer is designed to estimate the slave system states and two adaptive laws for estimating the unknown parameters are proposed. In addition, a proper control law to achieve the synchronization goal has been suggested, and the stability of the closed-loop system is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization method is shown via simulation results.
Experience of Time by People on the Go
Authors: Kruglanski Arie W. , Pierro Antonio , Higgins E. Tory
Published: April 2015

We explore the psychological interface of time and motion. Locomotion, the proclivity toward movement and change, constitutes a significant determinant of persons’ orientation toward time, both as a valuable resource and as a flow advancing from past to future. High locomotors act quickly, multitask and refrain from procrastination, thus conserving time as a resource. Their preoccupation with movement, moreover, affects their relation to the flow of time. High locomotors are future oriented and eschew preoccupation with the past. They are optimistic, experience little regret, generate few counterfactuals, feel little guilt about past wrongdoings, and leave behind past friends. Evidence accumulates that locomotors’ “fast forward” orientation pervades diverse aspects of their behavior and has significant consequences for individuals and societies.
Political information repertoires and political participation
Authors: Wolfsfeld Gadi , Yarchi Moran , Samuel-Azran Tal
Published: April 2015

This study examines the relationship between various forms of media use and political participation. The major argument is that in today’s high-choice media environment, individuals and groups with the highest level of political interest are more likely to develop richer political information repertoires that involve exploiting both digital and traditional ways of searching for political information. Individuals and groups with richer political information repertories can be expected to have higher levels of political knowledge, efficacy, and participation. This article argues further that a clear connection exists between peoples’ informational and participatory repertoires and tests these propositions using a large, heterogeneous sample of the Israeli public during the 2013 election campaign. The analysis supports the claims of this study, with a few intriguing exceptions.
Effect of aluminum and aluminum/nickel hybrid fillers on the properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Rozik NN , Asaad JN , Mansour SH , Gomaa E
Published: April 2015

The influence of the concentration of aluminum (Al) and aluminum/nickel (Al/Ni) hybrid fillers on the mechanical and electrical properties of the prepared Al/epoxy and Al/Ni/epoxy composites were studied. The results showed that sample containing 20 wt% Al has the highest compressive strength value whereas the maximum conductivity was observed at 30 wt% Al. By replacing Al by different ratios of Ni in Al/epoxy composites the samples showed a little decrease in conductivity and tensile strength values but an increase in the hardness. The composites were also studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The ortho-positronium lifetime (τ3) results showed that 30 wt% Al and 40/10 wt% Al/Ni are the critical concentrations for Al/epoxy and Al/Ni/epoxy composites respectively. The correlation between positron annihilation lifetime parameters, electrical and mechanical properties was also discussed. A negative correlation was obtained between nanoscale free-volume parameters and mechanical properties for both Al/epoxy and Al/Ni/epoxy composites.
The political dimension of multicultural social work education
Authors: Nadan Yochay , Weinberg-Kurnik Galia , Ben-Ari Adital
Published: April 2015

This article explores the forces altering the political dimension of social work in one specific sphere – multicultural social work education. Politics in social work is those relationships and activities that reflect power and value differences, and which influence critical decisions about the distribution of resources, rights, access, opportunities and status ( Reisch & Jani, 2012 ). We present and discuss the findings of a qualitative study of in-depth interviews with 25 Israeli social work educators.

Findings

Data analysis indicated three processes in which the political dimension is excluded from professional discourse: giving precedence to a micro perspective over a macro approach; excluding the ‘other’ while gaining knowledge about him; and placing conflictual relations between groups outside the boundaries of discourse.

Applications

Silencing ‘the political’ does not challenge social gaps and keeps social workers and their clients controlled by a wide range of oppressive and reductive forces. Examining these processes of silencing may facilitate a moral and ethical connection between knowledge and professional action. Multicultural social work education can be a rich and accessible framework for dealing with ‘the political’, relying on reflective pedagogical practices that are anti-oppressive and critical. Such practices enable problematization and politicization of multicultural discourse.
A suitable and energy-efficient luminous environment for a shared office
Authors: Villa C , Labayrade R
Published: April 2015

This paper aims to identify suitable and energy-efficient luminous environments for two users sharing the same office and conducting various activities at the same time (paper and/or computer-based work, meeting with a visitor). The office is lit by daylight, controlled by an exterior shading system and by artificial light, composed of ceiling sources and a task lamp on each desk. In all, 930 subjects participated in six psychophysical tests conducted on the internet, each dedicated to a user position and an activity. Multiobjective optimizations were then performed with the collected data in order to identify luminous environments that realized the best tradeoffs between visual conditions for both users and power demand. An optimized luminous environment, judged suitable, whatever the combinations of activities in the room, is proposed.
An Alternative Transdiagnostic Mechanistic Approach to Affective Disorders Illustrated With Research From Clinical Psychology
Authors: Watkins Edward
Published: April 2015

Current psychiatric classification adopts a disorder-focused diagnostic approach, as exemplified within ICD-11 and DSM-V. Although this approach has improved reliability of categorization, its validity and utility has been questioned (Harvey, Watkins, Mansell, & Shafran, 2004; Insel et al., 2009; Sanislow et al., 2010). Limitations include high comorbidity between supposedly distinct disorders; heterogeneity within diagnoses; limited treatment efficacy; and similarities across disorders in aetiology, latent symptom structure, and underlying biology. There is also evidence of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural processes (Harvey et al., 2004). An alternative approach is therefore to focus on fundamental underlying mechanisms of psychopathology rather than observed symptom clusters. This article considers the possible benefits, hurdles, and steps towards implementation of this transdiagnostic mechanistic approach, using the example of repetitive negative thought.
In Between Ordinary Sadness and Clinical Depression
Authors: Bondolfi Guido , Mazzola Viridiana , Arciero Giampiero
Published: April 2015

Since Kraeplin and Kretschmer, the clarification of the limits between ordinary sadness and clinical depression has been a major concern. Much of the controversy has focused on whether and on which bases can be fixed a boundary in the continuum from the experience of sadness to major depressive episode. The new emphasis on the role of clinical judgment introduced by DSM-5 can be regarded as a way to address these issues, though leaving several questions open. After examining the implications of the main topics raised by this still ongoing discussion, we will argue that in a clinical reality both mobility and intensity of emotional states may account for the discontinuity between ordinary sadness and clinical depression.
Normal and Abnormal Anxiety in the Age of DSM-5 and ICD-11
Authors: Stein Dan J. , Nesse Randolph M.
Published: April 2015

Despite the effort on DSM-5 and ICD-11, few appear satisfied with these classification systems. We suggest that the core reason for dissatisfaction is expecting too much from them; they do not provide discrete categories that map to specific causes of disease, they describe clinical syndromes intended to guide treatment choices. Here we review work on anxiety and anxiety disorders to argue that while clinicians draw a pragmatic distinction between normal and abnormal emotions based on considerations such as severity and duration, understanding the evolutionary origins and utility of the emotions, including the adaptive value of adverse emotions, is key for formulating comprehensive assessments of an individual patient’s symptoms and for providing a conceptual foundation for pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and public health.
Ketogenic Diet Patients’ Lipid Profiles Improved With KetoCal 4:1 Liquid
Authors: Groveman Sue A. , Fenton Cagla , Randall Rebecca , Chee Claire M. , Bergqvist A. G. Christina
Published: April 2015

Objective. The ketogenic diet (KD) can result in hyperlipidemias. We report improvements in the lipid profiles of 3 children who were switched from KetoCal 4:1 powder (formulation prior to fall 2013) to KetoCal 4:1 Liquid formula. Compared with the KetoCal 4:1 powder formulation prior to fall 2013, KetoCal 4:1 Liquid has no trans-fatty acids, reduced saturated fatty acids, added omega-3 fatty acids, and added fiber. Methods. A retrospective chart review revealed 3 patients in our KD program with elevated lipid profiles while receiving 100% of their nutritional needs from KetoCal 4:1 powder. The patients were switched to KetoCal 4:1 Liquid and treated for >3 months. Fasting lipid profiles were obtained before and 2 to 3 months after the formula switch. All patients were on ≥4:1 ratio KD formula. Results. After changing formulas, the lipid profiles of all 3 patients improved. Mean total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were reduced by 29%, 33%, and 58%, respectively. High-density lipoprotein increased by 10% on average. Conclusion. A decrease in lipid levels was observed with the transition to KetoCal 4:1 Liquid after an average of 2.1 months. Changes in dietary fat profile (including addition of omega-3 fatty acids) and the addition of fiber in enteral formulas can positively affect lipid profiles of tube-fed KD patients.
The effect of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of piperidine
Authors: Budd Laura E , Ibberson Richard M , Marshall William G , Parsons Simon
Published: April 2015

Background

The response of molecular crystal structures to changes in externally applied conditions such as temperature and pressure are the result of a complex balance between strong intramolecular bonding, medium strength intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and weaker intermolecular van der Waals contacts. At high pressure the additional thermodynamic requirement to fill space efficiently becomes increasingly important.

Results

The crystal structure of piperidine-d11 has been determined at 2 K and at room temperature at pressures between 0.22 and 1.09 GPa. Unit cell dimensions have been determined between 2 and 255 K, and at pressures up to 2.77 GPa at room temperature. All measurements were made using neutron powder diffraction. The crystal structure features chains of molecules formed by NH…N H-bonds with van der Waals interactions between the chains. Although the H-bonds are the strongest intermolecular contacts, the majority of the sublimation enthalpy may be ascribed to weaker but more numerous van der Waals interactions.

Conclusions

Analysis of the thermal expansion data in the light of phonon frequencies determined in periodic DFT calculations indicates that the expansion at very low temperature is governed by external lattice modes, but above 100 K the influence of intramolecular ring-flexing modes also becomes significant. The principal directions of thermal expansion are determined by the sensitivity of different van der Waals interactions to changes in distance. The principal values of the strain developed on application of pressure are similarly oriented to those determined in the variable-temperature study, but more isotropic because of the need to minimise volume by filling interstitial voids at elevated pressure.
Deleting the Redundant TSH Receptor C-Peptide Region Permits Generation of the Conformationally Intact Extracellular Domain by Insect Cells
Authors: Chen Chun-Rong , Salazar Larry M. , McLachlan Sandra M. , Rapoport Basil
Published: April 2015

The TSH receptor (TSHR) extracellular domain (ECD) comprises a N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain and an hinge region (HR), the latter contributing to ligand binding and critical for receptor activation. The crystal structure of the leucine-rich repeat domain component has been solved, but previous attempts to generate conformationally intact complete ECD or the isolated HR component for structural analysis have failed. The TSHR HR contains a C-peptide segment that is removed during spontaneous TSHR intramolecular cleavage into disulfide linked A- and B-subunits. We hypothesized that deletion of the redundant C-peptide would overcome the obstacle to generating conformationally intact TSHR ECD protein. Indeed, lacking the C-peptide region, the TSHR ECD (termed ECD-D1) and the isolated HR (termed HR-D1) were secreted into medium of insect cells infected with baculoviruses coding for these modified proteins. The identities of TSHR ECD-D1 and HR-D1 were confirmed by ELISA and immunoblotting using TSHR-specific monoclonal antibodies. The TSHR-ECD-D1 in conditioned medium was folded correctly, as demonstrated by its ability to inhibit radiolabeled TSH binding to the TSH holoreceptor. The TSHR ECD-D1 purification was accomplished in a single step using a TSHR monoclonal antibody affinity column, whereas the HR-D1 required a multistep protocol with a low yield. In conclusion, we report a novel approach to generate the TSHR ECD, as well as the isolated HR in insect cells, the former in sufficient amounts for structural studies. However, such studies will require previous complexing of the ECD with a ligand such as TSH or a thyroid-stimulating antibody.
The costs of wound debridement and exudate management
Authors: White Richard
Published: April 2015

Wound debridement and exudate management are two crucial aspects of good wound care. This article provides a brief overview of the management of wounds requiring both, and also highlights the complications of poor management, and discusses the cost implications for the health service.
Investing in tablets: what is the best value?
Authors: David Anthony
Published: April 2015

Schools are embracing the role of tablets in the classroom, but with so many options out there it is hard to know where to start. Anthony David reviews some of the possibilities for schools
Drawing a mental picture
Authors: Skelton Richard
Published: April 2015

Dr Richard Skelton outlines the basis of his research which suggests how teachers can help their pupils to apply a more attentive memory to learning.
Factors Related to Complications Among Adult Patients With Intellectual Disabilities Hospitalized at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Johnson Tricia J. , Fogg Louis , Friese Tanya R.
Published: April 2015

People with intellectual disabilities (ID) represent a small but important group of hospitalized patients who have higher rates of complications than do patients without ID hospitalized for the same reasons. Complications are potentially avoidable conditions, such as healthcare-acquired infections, healthcare-acquired skin breakdown, falls, and medication errors and reactions. Addressing factors related to complications can focus efforts to improve hospital care. The purpose of this exploratory study was to analyze data from reviews of academic medical center charts (N  =  70) about complications and to examine patient and hospitalization characteristics in relation to complications among adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with ID hospitalized for nonpsychiatric reasons. Adults with ID tended to be twice as likely to have complications (χ2  =  2.893, df  =  1, p  =  .09) if they had a surgical procedure and were nearly four times as likely to have complications (χ2  =  6.836, df  =  1, p  =  .009) if they had multiple chronic health conditions (three of the following: history of cerebral palsy, autism spectrum symptoms, aggressive behavior, respiratory disorder, and admission through the emergency department). Findings suggest preliminary criteria for assessing risk for complications among hospitalized people with ID and the need for attention to their specific needs when hospitalized.
slas de tierra firme: ¿un modelo para el Caribe continental? El caso de Yucatán
Authors: Shrimpton Masson Margaret Elisabeth
Published: April 2015

La Península de Yucatán, al extremo oriente de Mexico, suele ser representada como “el país que no se parece a otro”, o incluso, como una isla. Este artículo aborda dos puntos clave en torno a Yucatán y su relación con el espacio nacional/regional: su insularidad y la existencia/pertenencia al Caribe continental. El primero, considera la idea de la isla y sus límites para entender a la región Caribe como espacio que demuestra una articulación entre isla-continente. El segundo punto, tomando como ejemplo el caso de Yucatán, explora la dinámica insular “hacia adentro”. Ambos ejes ponen en cuestión la manera de pensar los límites, y nuestra forma de identificar espacios, culturas e identidades. En el caso de Yucatán, esta investigación profundiza en las representaciones literarias de la “insularidad” en escritores contemporáneos, que permiten pensar en micro-espacios (insulares) hacia adentro de la Península y hacia adentro del Caribe continental.
A viagem de Humboldt à América do Sul e uma nova ideia de paisagem: o seu impacto em Eschwege
Authors: Duarte Rodrigues Ana Margarida
Published: April 2015

A viagem de Alexander von Humboldt e do botanista Aimé Bonpland à América do Sul, realizada entre 1799 e 1804, constituiu um marco incortornável na história da ciência no seu sentido mais lato pois teve consequências em praticamente todas as áreas do saber. Depois de fazermos a revisão da relação de Humboldt com Portugal, explorámos um aspeto que tinha passado despercebido: a sua amizade com o barão de Eschwege, arquiteto do palácio e parque da Pena em Sintra. Neste sentido, aprofundámos o estudo da relação entre alguns textos de Humboldt escritos durante a viagem pela América do Sul e novas ideias de paisagem que ganhavam fôlego no Velho Continente, as das paisagens sublimes, das quais o parque da Pena constitui um exemplo ímpar.
Una encrucijada incierta. Independentismo, anexionismo y abolición de la esclavitud en Santo Domingo, 1809-1821
Authors: Belmonte Postigo Jose Luis
Published: April 2015

La reintegración de Santo Domingo a la Monarquía española tuvo serias dificultades que amenazaron el asentamiento del sistema colonial español. La compleja situación política de la península, y la extensión del movimiento insurgente en los territorios continentales, supusieron obstáculos que imposibilitaron la remisión de los recursos que Santo Domingo demandaba. En mitad del marasmo económico, el auge de las ideas independentistas cobró cada vez mayor relevancia, dando lugar a toda una serie de conspiraciones inspiradas en dos modelos, el caraqueño y el haitiano, que pretendían el establecimiento de un nuevo modelo político y que observaba de manera disímil el mantenimiento de la esclavitud.
El mercado público de Barranquilla entre 1880-1888
Authors: López García Jessille
Published: April 2015

Barranquilla ajena al tiempo colonial y a sus estructuras, creció en las décadas finales del siglo XIX, al calor de una economia creciente “fruto del comercio” Lo que la transformó de pequeña aldea a una ciudad, con un trazado irregular y contando con pocas casas de mampostería, su paisaje asomaba lleno de ranchos, más improvisados que planificados, pero poco a poco su pujante expansión paulatinamente cambió su fisonomía urbana. En este caso el Mercado Público fue parte de ese cambio y el resultado de la proyección y planteamiento del talento foráneo del General José Félix Fuenmayor Parra, un hombre nacido en el caribe venezolano, en concreto en Maracaibo en 1827, que además de desempeñar una exitosa carrera como militar, también fue un filántropo y un hombre cívico.
The Role of the Private Sphere in US Healthcare Entitlements: Increased Spending, Weakened Public Mobilization, and Reduced Equity
Authors: Grogan Colleen M.
Published: April 2015

The private sphere has always been an important component in US healthcare entitlements. Since the ACA further embeds the role of private actors, how private actors make claims on the state, and how the state reacts to these claims, becomes even more important, because such claims significantly shape US healthcare entitlements. The extent and increase of private benefits and contracting with private health plans is explicated for each healthcare entitlement program. The politics of how private inclusion shapes healthcare entitlements is examined with three main implications: it (1) creates a dominant discourse of health care deficits and spending crises; (2) submerges the role of government and may diminish mobilization for claiming entitlements; and (3) reduces equity in the distribution of costs and benefits. I conclude by highlighting that there are simple policy designs to address these problems, but the political dynamics of private inclusion will likely work against such policy logics.
Free Will and Folly in As You Like It
Authors: Watt Gary
Published: April 2015

The testamentary will of a deceased person seldom features in Shakespeare’s comedies. What is more common is the performance of a will so stubborn and having such a bearing on the estate of the one subject to it that it may be said to exert a testamentary force. Comedy lies in the possibility of escape from a world of subjection to another’s will into a world of freedom to express a will of one’s own. In many of Shakespeare’s comedies escape takes the form of actual physical flight to a new domain – typically from court to country. The trajectory of this escape is from a hierarchical scheme of social status, to a horizontal plane of communal relations; from a traditional scheme in which property and power is handed down, to a scheme of trade in which they pass horizontally from hand-to-hand contractually. This paper will argue that
Illegal Search and Seizure, Due Process, and the Rights of the Accused: The Voices of Power in the Rhetoric of Los Angeles Police Chief William H. Parker
Authors: Gooch John Casey
Published: April 2015

As a rhetorical analysis, this paper considers “voices of power” in the discourse of William H. (“Bill”) Parker, former police chief of Los Angeles from 1950 until 1966. Specifically, it tells the story of a conflict between powerful voices, with Chief Parker on one side of a debate over the rights of the accused and the United States Supreme Court on the other. Three case studies serve as the basis for illustrating the Chief’s rhetorical strategies. In 1954, Parker’s responded to the majority opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court in
The Judge’s Voice: Literary and Legal Emblemata
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: April 2015

In literary-legal discussions of the subject of “voice” in law the focus is often on the voices of defendants and victims, on the view that for a variety of reasons their voices are the ones most often diminished or even totally “unheard.” On the view that voice and speech are connected and that one’s voice is therefore important for one’s identity, I aim to look in this paper at the judge’s voice in law and literature. While the metaphor “the voice of the law” is traditionally taken to refer to judicial impartiality and/or a formalistic view of law as distant from the actions or disputes it is supposed to govern, I want to take the words literally and, on the view that getting a voice of one’s own as a judge requires more than institutional authority and power, ask questions including, but not limited to: What if the voice of the judge is oppressed or even silenced, e.g. by undue influence of a third party? What if the judge is unable to find the right voice when she experiences cognitive dissonances between her institutional voice and her conscience? What space is the judge allowed in the public sphere to speak her voice on cases pending or on societal developments? What space is the judge allowed to show her emotions inside the courtroom? I hope to illustrate my point with emblemata for further discussion in the form of European Human Rights Court decisions and literary works including Lowell B. Komie’s short story “Ash,” Ernst Wiechert’s novella “The judge,” and Kiran Desai’s novel
Representing the Unrepresentable: Making Law Anyway?
Authors: Ost François , Ost Isabelle
Published: April 2015

“Representation crisis” is certainly an expression that is too imprecise, clichéd and all-embracing: of little use. However, we have to recognize that the theatrical and literary experiments that shook the classical notion of representation in the twentieth century have been fruitful, not only in the arts, but also in terms of their repercussions in the human sciences. Law is no exception to this. On the contrary, its eminently representative nature benefits from being examined in the mirror of the critical experiments provided by fiction. This is, in a very condensed form, the initial postulate that will underpin our hypothesis, which will consist in showing the usefulness of investigating the notion of representation in law through art and literary theory, as well as through examples drawn from concrete theatrical and fictional works, owing to the light theatre and fiction can shed on the fragile balance, the “representational” razor, on which the law rests.
A growth‐rate composition formula for the growth of E. coli on co‐utilized carbon substrates
Authors: Hermsen Rutger , Okano Hiroyuki , You Conghui , Werner Nicole , Hwa Terence
Published: April 2015

When bacteria are cultured in medium with multiple carbon substrates, they frequently consume these substrates simultaneously. Building on recent advances in the understanding of metabolic coordination exhibited by Escherichia coli cells through cAMP‐Crp signaling, we show that this signaling system responds to the total carbon‐uptake flux when substrates are co‐utilized and derive a mathematical formula that accurately predicts the resulting growth rate, based only on the growth rates on individual substrates.
Should Happiness Be Taught in School? / Treba li sreću poučavati u školi?
Authors: Rijavec Majda
Published: April 2015

AbstractWithin positive psychology, the concept of well-being (happiness) represents the main criteria for positive functioning and is generally considered the goal in life to be promoted. Research in this field is providing very strong evidence that happiness brings highly desirable life benefits, such as better health and longer life, successful relationships and better work performance. The most important reasons for teaching happiness in school are high prevalence of depression among young people worldwide, the small rise in life satisfaction in the last half a century, low students’ satisfaction with school in many countries, and the synergy between learning and positive emotion. A number of studies suggest that school-based positive psychology programmes are effective in improving positive traits and well-being, even though reliability of these findings is still questioned.  The Model for Positive Education is presented in this paper as a possible area of future research. This is applied framework of implementing positive psychology as a whole-school approach targeting six well-being domains, including positive emotions, positive engagement, positive accomplishment, positive purpose, positive relationships, and positive health, with a focus on character strengths. Key words: happiness; positive education; positive psychology; school; well-being  --- SažetakU okviru pozitivne psihologije pojam dobrobit predstavlja glavni kriterij pozitivnog funkcioniranja i općenito se smatra važnim životnim ciljem. Istraživanja u tom području daju vrlo jake dokaze da sreća dovodi do različitih životnih prednosti, kao što su bolje zdravlje i duži život, uspješni odnosi i bolji uspjeh na poslu. Najvažniji razlozi za poučavanje sreće u školi jesu raširenost depresije kod mladih ljudi diljem svijeta, mali porast životnog zadovoljstva u posljednjih pola stoljeća, učeničko nezadovoljstvo školom u mnogim zemljama i sinergija između učenja i pozitivnih emocija. Veći broj istraživanja ukazuje na to da su programi pozitivne psihologije u školi djelotvorni u razvijanju pozitivnih osobina i povećanju dobrobiti, ali pouzdanost je tih rezultata još uvijek upitna. U ovom radu prikazuje se model pozitivnog obrazovanja kao jedno od mogućih područja budućih istraživanja. To je okvir za primjenu pozitivnog obrazovanja na razini škole usmjeren na šest područja dobrobiti uključujući pozitivne emocije, pozitivnu uključenost, pozitivna postignuća, pozitivnu svrhu, pozitivne odnose i pozitivno zdravlje, s naglaskom na osobne snage. Ključne riječi: dobrobit; pozitivno obrazovanje; pozitivna psihologija; sreća; škola
Self-Regulation, Emotion Understanding and Aggressive Behaviour in Preschool Boys / Samokontrola, razumijevanje emocija i agresivno ponašanje dječaka predškolske dobi
Authors: Brajša-Žganec Andreja , Hanzec Ivana
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrevious research has shown that children with greater self-regulation exhibit less aggressive behaviour in their everyday interactions with peers. Boys are usually more aggressive than girls, have lower self-regulation and understand primary emotions less. However, those who understand emotions better behave more prosocially. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of self-regulation and emotion understanding  with regard to aggressive behaviour in preschool boys. The participants in this  study included 241 boys aged 3 to 7, their parents (both mothers and fathers) and preschool teachers. Self-regulation was measured by parental estimations of inhibitory control and attentional focusing. Aggressive behaviour was measured by teachers' estimations, while emotion understanding was assessed in individual interviews with the boys. The results showed that the boys who recognized and described primary emotions better and had high self-regulation showed less aggressive behaviour, while those who understood emotions less and had low self-regulation behaved more aggressively. The results were discussed in the light of importance of strengthening self-regulation and emotion understanding in preschool boys as a way of developing their social and emotional competence. Key words: aggressive behaviour; emotion understanding; preschool boys; self-regulation  --- SažetakDosadašnja istraživanja pokazala su da djeca koja imaju bolju samokontrolu manifestiraju manje agresivnog ponašanja u svakodnevnim vršnjačkim interakcijama. Dječaci su agresivniji od djevojčica u predškolsko doba, imaju nižu samokontrolu i niže razumijevanje primarnih emocija. Međutim, oni koji bolje razumiju emocije, ponašaju se više prosocijalno. Cilj istraživanja bio je stoga provjeriti povezanost samokontrole i razumijevanja emocija s agresivnim ponašanjem dječaka predškolske dobi. U istraživanju su sudjelovali 241 dječak u dobi od 3 do 7 godina, njihovi roditelji (i majka i otac) i odgojiteljice. Samokontrola je mjerena roditeljskim procjenama inhibitorne kontrole i fokusa pažnje. Agresivno ponašanje mjereno je odgojiteljskim procjenama, a razumijevanje emocija pojedinačnim intervjuima s dječacima. Rezultati su pokazali da najmanje agresivnog ponašanja manifestiraju dječaci koji bolje prepoznaju i opisuju primarne emocije te imaju visoku samokontrolu, a najviše agresivnog ponašanja oni koji imaju lošije razumijevanje emocija i nisku samokontrolu. Rezultati su razmatrani u smjeru važnosti jačanja samokontrole i razumijevanja emocija u predškolsko doba za razvoj socijalne i emocionalne kompetencije dječaka.Ključne riječi: agresivno ponašanje; dječaci; predškolsko doba; razumijevanje emocija; samokontrola
New records of Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami) from western North Dakota
Authors: Shaughnessy Jr. Michael J. , Woodman Neal
Published: April 2015

Despite having a broad geographic distribution, Merriam’s Shrew (Sorex merriami Dobson 1890) is known from a relatively few, widely-scattered localities. In North Dakota, the species was known from only a single poorly-preserved specimen collected in 1913 near Medora. We recently collected two new specimens of Merriam’s Shrew from Billings and McKenzie counties in the western quarter of the state. These specimens confirm the presence of S. merriami in North Dakota and better define the northeastern edge of the species’ distribution.
ANÁLISE E MAPEAMENTO DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO DA BACIA DO ALTO DO DESCOBERTO, DF/GO, POR MEIO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA BASEADA EM REGRAS E LÓGICA NEBULOSA
Authors: Nunes Juliana Faria , Roig Henrique Llacer
Published: April 2015

A Bacia do Alto do Descoberto é importante fonte de água para o Distrito Federal. Essa bacia tem apresentado ao longo dos anos expansão agrícola e urbana em detrimento das áreas de vegetação natural. A ocupação inadequada, assim como a falta de planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo, pode levar a alterações do escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, do ciclo hidrológico, a feições erosivas, à contaminação dos mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos e ao desequilíbrio do ecossistema da região. Portanto, o monitoramento e a análise do uso e ocupação do solo são imprescindíveis na prevenção desses impactos e na manutenção dos mananciais. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo o mapeamento e a análise comparativa do uso e ocupação do solo da Bacia do Alto do Descoberto entre os anos 1994 e 2011. As classificações de uso e ocupação do solo foram elaboradas utilizando um classificador orientado ao objeto baseado em regras e lógica nebulosa, permitindo uma análise dos avanços do uso do solo e a perda da cobertura vegetal da bacia. O sistema de classificação utilizado foi considerado bem-sucedido, com índice de exatidão temática (Kappa) de 0,64. Apesar de ainda haver algumas confusões temáticas no processo de classificação, as análises comparativas entre as classes temáticas dos mapas dos referidos anos evidenciaram a forte expansão agrícola da região em aproximadamente 11% da área da bacia, bem como uma perda de vegetação natural.
A DECIDUIDADE FOLIAR INDICA A VULNERABILIDADE DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS AO FOGO
Authors: Lucena Isabela Codolo de , Leite Marcelo Boccia , Matos Dalva Maria da Silva
Published: April 2015

Pesquisas indicaram que a ocorrência de queimadas pode ocasionar comportamentos fenológicos divergentes aos padrões comumente descritos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a deciduidade foliar pode indicar a vulnerabilidade de espécies lenhosas ao fogo. Os índices de atividade e intensidade de diferentes fenofases foram comparados entre indivíduos queimados e não queimados de espécies lenhosas com diferentes graus de deciduidade foliar (decídua, semidecídua e sempre-verde). Para a espécie decídua, as fenofases vegetativas foram similares entre indivíduos queimados e não queimados. Indivíduos queimados de uma espécie semidecídua apresentaram maior intensidade e atividade das fenofases vegetativas. Para as espécies sempre-verdes, foi registrado o estímulo à produção de novas folhas, retardamento de folhas expandidas e senescentes para indvíduos queimados. Quanto à fenologia reprodutiva, em indivíduos queimados, foram registradas menor intensidade e atividade de frutos verdes e maduros para espécies decídua e semidecídua, bem como o estímulo da floração e da frutificação para as espécies sempre-verdes. A periodicidade das fenofases pode ser modulada pela ocorrência do fogo mesmo após um intervalo de dois anos. O efeito do fogo foi gradualmente mais pronunciado de espécies decíduas às sempre-verdes, o que indica maior vulnerabilidade de espécies lenhosas sempre-verdes a esse distúrbio.
VEGETATIVE RESCUE AND CUTTINGS PROPAGATION OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze
Authors: Wendling Ivar , Brondani Gilvano Ebling
Published: April 2015

Brazilian pine or araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) is a coniferous tree with great economic, social and environmental importance in southern Brazil, being exploited for both wood production and for its edible pine nuts. However, no efficient cloning techniques are available and, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of vegetative rescue methods for cuttings propagation of the species. Shoots/cuttings were generated in two ways: 26 years old trees underwent coppicing and 20 years old trees had the primary branches on the upper third of crown pruned at 2, 20 and 50 cm from the main trunk. Orthotropic shoots were rooted after application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 2, 4 and 6 g.L-1. Coppicing produced 47 cuttings per plant with 90% orthotropic shoots, while pruning resulted in 182 cuttings per plant with 44% orthotropic shoots. Rooting success indexes were low with no influence of IBA, although they are slightly superior to the ones available in the literature for the species, ranging from 12 to 30% for the coppice shoots and from 0 to 28% for the branches shoots. We conclude that both vegetative rescue techniques are viable and have potentially important applications. Coppicing is recommended for the propagation aiming the production of wood, while shoots derived from the side branches of the crown are more appropriate for seeds orchards formation.
Propriedades mecânicas da madeira resinada de Pinus elliottii
Authors: Missio André Luiz , Cademartori Pedro Henrique Gonzalez de , Mattos Bruno Dufau , Weiler Michael , Gatto Darci Alberto
Published: April 2015

As propriedades mecânicas por flexão estática da madeira resinada de Pinus elliottii foram avaliadas por meio de testes destrutivos e não destrutivos. Para tanto, foram confeccionados corpos de prova de 10x10x200mm3 (radial, tangencial e longitudinal), levando em consideração dois fatores: lenho (juvenil, próximo à medula e adulto, próximo à casca) e resina, isto é, corpos de prova oriundos de toras com e sem estrias de resinagem. Para a avaliação não destrutiva, utilizou-se um aparelho de ultrassom com transdutores do tipo ponto seco, em que se pode calcular a velocidade da onda ultrassônica e consequentemente o módulo de elasticidade dinâmico (ED). Para obtenção do módulo de elasticidade (MOE) e do módulo de ruptura (MOR), realizou-se o ensaio destrutivo de flexão estática de três pontos. De posse das curvas de força x deformação, calculou-se a fragilidade do material. Os resultados confirmaram que o fator lenho foi significativo para as propriedades analisadas e o fator resina, em especial, para aumento do MOR e da massa específica. A fragilidade aumentou quando analisada a madeira juvenil e o fator resina quando incluso tendeu a aumentar a fragilidade no lenho adulto. O modelo de regressão múltiplo com variáveis Dummies, proposto para estimar o MOE pelo ED, foi significativo em 1% de probabilidade de erro (r2=0,75). Os resultados apresentados no presente trabalho mostraram que os fatores lenho e resina não afetaram negativamente as propriedades mecânicas da madeira de Pinus elliottii, em que, para o segundo fator, conclui-se, de maneira geral, que a madeira serrada oriunda de toras resinadas pode não representar danos significativos quando em serviço estrutural
Bifenilos policlorados em arroz e feijão do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Cocco Roberta , Schwanz Thiago Guilherme , Mohr Susana , Ceolin Juliana , Braga Ana Cláudia Monteiro , Zanatta Nilo , Costabeber Ijoni Hilda
Published: April 2015

Os bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) estão entre os poluentes mais tóxicos presentes no meio ambiente, apresentando os alimentos como principal fonte de exposição humana. Com base nisso, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os sete PCBs indicadores de contaminação ambiental em 22 amostras de arroz e 18 de feijão do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Além disso, objetivou-se calcular a ingestão diária estimada de resíduos, a partir da contaminação existente no arroz e feijão, assim como determinar o teor de gordura das amostras para correlacioná-lo com os níveis de PCBs. A extração e purificação dos compostos foram realizadas pelo método QuEChERS, seguido de identificação e quantificação por CG-EM. Os PCBs 153 e 101 apresentaram as maiores concentrações médias nas amostras de arroz e feijão, respectivamente. Considerando o somatório dos PCBs, este foi de 4,39ng g-1 para o arroz e de 4,17ng g-1 para o feijão. Quanto à ingestão diária estimada, esta foi de 7,82ng kg-1 e de 3,14ng kg-1 de peso corporal por dia, para o arroz e o feijão, respectivamente. Em relação ao percentual de gordura, o arroz e o feijão apresentaram teores de gordura de 0,32% e de 1,1%, respectivamente. No entanto, a correlação com os níveis de PCBs não foi significativa. Os resultados demonstram que o estado do RS apresenta fontes importantes de contaminação desses resíduos químicos persistentes
Topics of pre-hospital care for schoolchildren: the perspective of professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU)
Authors: Mota Larissa Larie , Andrade Selma Regina de
Published: April 2015

This study aimed to investigate from the perspective of professional SAMU, the main themes of pre-hospital care (PHC), as subsidies for development of an educational tool focused on the school population. A qualitative study, four meetings in the focus group format, with 19 professional SAMU, in a municipality of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data were categorized and analyzed with thematic analysis. The results highlighted the main issues or health problems of urgent and emergency tool for modeling and possible application in the context of the School Health Program. It was concluded that the selected topics are critical in the context of the APH, the potential severity and the possibility they involve children, even within the school environment.
Maternal experiences with specificities of prematurity that hinder breastfeeding
Authors: Pereira Luciana Barbosa , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva , Ribeiro Circéa Amália
Published: April 2015

A qualitative study which has Symbolic Interactionism as theoretical framework and Interpretative Interactionism as its methodological one, aiming to unveil motherly experiences against prematurity peculiarities that hinder breastfeeding during infant's hospitalization at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Were interviewed 13 mothers of preterm infants assisted at an Outpatient Follow-up Clinic of Montes Claros MG, Brazil. Results show that as trying to breastfeed a premature infant, the mother interacts with situations signified by her as obstacles to breastfeeding: the "torment" of their child's hospitalization and clinical instability, the fear of baby's death, its difficulty to suck, the late start of breastfeeding interpreted a something difficult, as a risk to weight. We consider that although breastfeeding a preterm infant is a challenge, appropriate professional conducts and hospital procedures might facilitate it and therefore should be implemented, aiming at promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding.
Health care: the transvestites of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Souza Martha Helena Teixeira de , Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes
Published: April 2015

The general purpose of this paper is to present the health care of transvestites from Santa Maria, central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Field research was conducted in 2012, between January and November, with transvestites originated from different cities of this State, who were living in Santa Maria at that time. Qualitative methodology was adopted through ethnographic research. The results showed that the interlocutors avoid the institutionalized health services, choosing other forms of care. The interlocutors indicated their choice for "houses of african religion" by identifying them as places that, without questioning the bodily changes and sexual orientation, were able to afford forms of care and protection. Therefore, this article can help to provide some visibility to care transvestites looking for health.
Oncologic pain relief: strategies told by adolescents with cancer
Authors: Rocha Amanda de Fatima Portugal , Sposito Amanda Mota Pacciulio , Bortoli Paula Saud de , Silva-Rodrigues Fernanda Machado , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: April 2015

In view of the negative impact of pain on the quality of life of cancer patients, identifying and stimulating the use of effective strategies to minimize these painful feelings is highly relevant for care. The aim of this study was to identify painful experiences of adolescents with cancer and to get to know their strategies for pain relief. This is an exploratory research, using qualitative data analysis. Semistructured interviews were held with nine adolescents with cancer, who reported on acute, recurring and chronic, physical and emotional painful experiences. To relieve these pains, they described pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, including: distraction, presence of relatives, bed positioning, cooperation to accomplish procedures and keeping up positive thinking. Therefore, it is essential for health professionals to know available evidence for pain relief and to develop skills to articulate this knowledge with their professional experience and with the patients' own strategies.
Perception of health professionals about the prevention of the AIDS epidemic in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil (1986-2006)
Authors: Villarinho Mariana Vieira , Padilha Maria Itayra , Maliska Isabel Cristina Alves , Bellaguarda Maria Ligia dos Reis , Sell Camila , Ferreira Aline Coelho
Published: April 2015

Socio-historical research whose aim was to know the perception of health professionals about AIDS epidemic prevention from 1986 to 2006. They worked in a reference hospital for infectious and contagious diseases. The data was collected from March to October 2011, using the oral story technique, and the subjects were twenty-three health professionals who looked after people suffering from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome during the above mentioned period. The content analysis described by Bardin was used and two categories came up: the need for preventive strategies and the lack of using condoms. The results showed that the health professionals' perception about AIDS prevention was bad due to: the media fragility, the health professionals' actions regarding preventive strategies and the trivialization of the preventive measures by the society, by not using condoms in sexual intercourse. We concluded that ignoring the disease led to slowing down the process of clarifying and preventing HIV/AIDS.