bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CHINA AND RUSSIA IN THE ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION AND TRENDS IN CHINESE-RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS
Authors: Zhao Lu , Wu Yanbin
Published: November 2022

Aim. To study the role of China and Russia in the Asia-Pacific region and trends in the development of Sino-Russian relations in the context of the Ukrainian crisis. Research objective is to explain the current political interaction between China and Russia, to analyze the strategic goals of China, Russia and the United States in the Asia-Pacific region, and also to interpret the perception of China and Russia of the global political situation in the context of the Ukrainian crisis, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, in order to generalize the role of China and Russia in this region and the trends of Sino-Russian relations in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

Methodology. Methods of comparative analysis of data contained in various sources, such as the literature method of research and content analysis, were applied. The methodological basis of the work is the empirical method of research.

Results. Based on the analysis of the literature and the media, it was concluded that Russia plays an indispensable role in maintaining security and strategic stability in the Asia-Pacific region, and China has a decisive influence on the political, economic and security spheres of the Asia-Pacific region. At the same time, in the context of the Ukrainian crisis, Sino-Russian relations will continue to be based on national strategic interests and will hardly change due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the EU and USA provocations.

Research implications. The materials of the article are new and correspond to current political hotspots, they have an auxiliary reference effect for relevant researchers.
Unknown pages of the Saratov’s left bank
Authors:   Saratov State University, Rabinovich Yu. N.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the unknown pages of the history of the left bank of Saratov, related with staying in this city many well-known secular and church leaders in the XVII century. First time given the chronology of events that took place in this city.
Collaboration in the North Caucasus: Historical Truth or Historical Myth?
Authors:   Saratov State University, Myakshev A. P.
Published: November 2022

The problem of correlation between historical science and State power, between historical fact and historical myth, is analysed in the article on the investigation example of nonsimple ethno-political situation in Northern Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War. The possibility of consigning to oblivion “annoying” historical facts for the sake of momentary political benefit is rejected. The point of the necessity of the synergetic approach to an analysis of any historical phenomena is proved in the article.
City-fortress in the System Management of South-eastern Edge of Russia in the VIII Century
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Bukanova R. G.
Published: November 2022

In the article the attempt to trace link between formation and development of the cities of fortresses and management of the southeast suburb of Russia during of the XVIII century is undertaken. Peter the Great reforms touched the field of a state policy and the administrative-territorial structure of Bashkiria. The distribution attempt of the general, unified control system on the territory of Bashkiria was undertaken for the first time during provincial reform in 1708 which is based on the developed urbanistic system. However, due to the border situation and the small number of towns as administrative centers, Bashkiria before the formation of Orenburg Province continued to maintain a unique position as a part of Russia.
Socio-cultural Environment of Saratov Province District Towns: Fortress-cities in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries
Authors:   Saratov State University, Mayorova A. S.
Published: November 2022

The article examines socio-cultural environment (or cultural community) of Saratov province district towns that had been founded as fortresses: Tsaritsin, Kamyshin and Petrovsk. Their social structure did not differ much from that of the other district towns of the province. Their socio-cultural environment was dominated by folk culture marked by legends, traditions and relics that kept the memories of the war-time past of the fortress-cities alive.
«Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette» by P. O. Renoir: Urban Amusements in the Impressionist Art
Authors:   Saratov State University, Krelenko N. S.
Published: November 2022

The author of the article uses an artwork as a visual source for the research. The painting Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette by the great impressionist artist A. Renoir allows studying the scene from daily life in Paris in the last third of the 19th century.
The Toponymic Landscape of the New District of the City as a Part of the Soviet Policy of Building Communism (on the Materials of Omsk Gorodok Neftyanikov)
Authors:   F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Zhidchenko A. V.
Published: November 2022

The present article is a part of a larger comparative study on the history of everyday life of the new urban area in the USSR during the Khrushchev thaw. The toponimy is the source for the reconstruction of a local variant of the reflection in the urban area of the course of the communism building. We used the methods of the new local history, new social history and theory of urban cultural space.
The Russian City as a Social Phenomenon
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Kasatkina S. S.
Published: November 2022

The Urban space as a social phenomenon is an element of the Russian social system. The author tried to show the specifics of the Russian urbanization trends of the modern transformation of Russian cities.
Some Traces of the Classical Tradition in the Culture of the Russian Provinces in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: Ivan F. Sinaisky as a Hellenist in Saratov
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kasceev V. I.
Published: November 2022

The article gives the most important examples of classicism in the culture of Saratov province namely in architecture and education. The author focuses his attention on the activities of Ivan F. Sinaisky (1799–1870) as a teacher in Greek both in Gymnasium and in Orthodox Theological Seminary in Saratov. Works translated by I. Sinaisky from Greek, his manuals and dictionaries for those who learned Greek, as well as his articles on Greek and Greek authors are being considered in the context of Russian and European classicism.
The Clinton Administration and the Formation of the Taliban Regime in Afghanistan (1993–1996)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shenin S. Y.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the Clinton administration participation in the process of the Taliban movement coming to power in Afghanistan. Geopolitical and economic reasons of the American interest in the formation of a strong regime in the country along with the influence of other countries and private corporations on this process are also analyzed. The article concludes that the American participation in the process has become one of the reasons for the further escalation of the tragic events connected with Afghanistan.
Theory Cooperation Socialism in the United States, West and Russia at the XIX and the Beginning XX Centuries
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Konovalov I. N.
Published: November 2022

In this article the author examine the problem of regional aspects of «cooperation socialism» theory transformation in the United States, the West, the Russia at the of XIX and the beginning of XX century and conclude that the present teachings becam the foundation of transformations of capitalism in the socialism.
Social Policy of Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (1918)
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Kabytova N. N.
Published: November 2022

In article the main directions of social policy of Committee of members of the Constituent assembly, attempt of the solution of working and country questions in the conditions of Civil war in Russia are considered, the conflict reasons between the people and the power are analyzed.
Repressive Policy of the Soviet State and Destiny of Prisoners of War of Red Army – Participants of the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939–1940
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Bichekhvost A. F.
Published: November 2022

In the article it is proved that in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939– 1940 the state and political management of the USSR tried to write off failures on the Soviet prisoners of war who have appeared in Finnish to captivity. The relation of the state and its high-ranking officials to the military personnel, got to the Finnish captivity, was characterized by antihumanity, monstrous neglect to human life, absence of desire objectively to understand each fact of capture of the Soviet serviceman, his behavior in captivity. The destiny of the captured was solved not on the basis of the Law, and on the basis of personal instructions and Stalin and Beria’s orders. Illegal condemnation of a considerable part of the Soviet military personnel who has appeared in Finnish to captivity, created precedent for further punishment of those who in days of the Great Patriotic War appeared in captivity, but already in German.
La extensión universitaria en la Argentina: aproximación conceptual y problemáticas actuales
Authors: Zunino Victoria
Published: November 2022

La problemática en torno a la extensión universitaria puede rastrearse en el siglo xix en Europa y durante los primeros años del siglo xx en América Latina, en general, y la Argentina, en particular. La Reforma Universitaria de 1918 replanteó la misión de la universidad, que debió incorporar a nuevos sectores y democratizarse. Una de las formas que los reformistas propusieron para lograr esta misión fue crear actividades de extensión y de vinculación con el medio. En la Argentina, la Ley de Educación Superior (LES), Nro. 24.521, establece que las instituciones universitarias deben extender sus acciones hacia la comunidad mediante actividades y programas de extensión o vinculación con el medio. Sin embargo, el hecho de dar fuerza de ley a la función de extensión y transferencia no significa necesariamente que la cuestión del acercamiento de las universidades con el medio esté materializada en la realidad. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar, en primer lugar, una aproximación conceptual de la extensión universitaria y, en segundo lugar, una revisión bibliográfica que dé cuenta de distintas experiencias de extensión universitaria en Argentina, con especial énfasis en las universidades nacionales del Conurbano bonaerense. Asimismo, el actual escrito pretende recoger algunas problemáticas actuales en torno a la extensión.
Stress-strain state simulation of the rib-roller end and of the ring flange contacting surfaces in the tapered roller bearing
Authors: Brazhnikova A.M.
Published: November 2022

The tapered roller bearings serviceability is significantly affected by contact conditions between the roller ends and the ring flange. In this regard, the actual task is to determine influence of the contacting surfaces geometric shape on the value of the limiting contact force, where the contact spot boundary reaches the boundary of the contacting end surfaces area projecting on each other, and formation of the oil film between them becomes impossible. The stress-strain state was simulated by the finite element method in the CAE ANSYS software package making it possible to adequately evaluate the complex geometry and describe in detail all the features of this contact. The contact pressure fields obtained as a result of the finite element calculations allowed determining the limiting contact force values depending on the value of the contacting ends reduced curvature.
Statistical refinement of the Fregat upper stage sustainer afteraction pulse in improving accuracy of the spacecraft launching
Authors: Simonov A.V. , Vorobyov A.L. , Kovaleva S.D. , Gordienko E.S. , Rozin P.E. , Kosenkova A.V.
Published: November 2022

As it is known from practice, the most important influence on the accuracy of the payload launching into the target orbit is exerted by measurement errors of the command instrumentation system sensors, as well as by the sustainer afteraction pulse spread. A method is considered to increase accuracy of launching into a given orbit using the Fregat upper stage by refining the sustainer afteraction pulse. According to the results of launches, actual errors in the realized orbit linear parameters were recalculated in the afteraction pulse deviations. Then, the afteraction pulse average value was refined by statistical analysis in several iterations, which made it possible to significantly reduce the launching errors and confirm correctness of the developed technique.
Using the flywheel engines system in implementing the spacecraft solar orientation mode
Authors: Ignatov A.I. , Ivanov G.A. , Kolomiets E.S. , Martynenkova E.V.
Published: November 2022

The study is devoted to maintaining the solar orientation mode of the gyrostat spacecraft in the low earth orbit through a long period. The device shape is close to a cylinder with two fixed solar panels installed along the cylinder longitudinal axis symmetrically relative to it. In the solar orientation mode, the normal to the device solar arrays plane is invariably directed towards the Sun and the longitudinal axis oscillates relative to the orbit plane. To implement the specified spacecraft motion mode, a system of four flywheel engines is used, which rotation axes are directed in parallel to the side edges of the quadrangular pyramid. Position of the pyramid side edges relative to the coordinate system rigidly connected to the device is determined by two angles, which are the parameters of the flywheel engine system. The law of the gyrostatic moment control is considered ensuring attenuation of the perturbed spacecraft motion in the vicinity of its solar orientation and limiting accumulation of its intrinsic kinetic moment of the flywheel engines by controlling the device rotation angle around the normal to the light-sensitive side of the solar arrays. It is demonstrated that selection of certain parameters of the flywheel engines coordinate system would assist in implementing the solar orientation mode without unloading the gyrostatic moment during the entire flight time. Results of numerical simulation of the complete system of the spacecraft motion equations in its solar orientation mode are presented taking into account the influence of gravitational and aerodynamic moments, which confirms correctness of the selected parameter values.
Evaluating K-16 Student Engagement In STEM-based Drone Racing
Authors: Slater Timothy F. , Sanchez Richard L.
Published: November 2022

Increasing the number of students interested in pursuing careers in STEM, computer science, and technology is of widespread interest to education stakeholders. Yet, despite the tremendous amount of human and fiscal resources directed at increasing the STEM, CS, and CTE career pipelines, numbers are less than satisfying. In a purposeful effort to create a more rapid onramp to high tech careers, the project team implemented a series of competitive, quadcopter drone races for students. In these races, student drone pilots race through a timed obstacle course to determine which pilots navigate the challenge in the shortest amount of time. These events that served as a focal point for motivating students to learn about drone technology, encouraging students to develop precision flight skills, and providing educators both inside and outside of formal classrooms with a foundational structure to increase the quantity and quality of technology education. Assessment of students’ and educators’ perceptions suggest that the developed program provided a low barrier to entry and engagement pathway for students to become more deeply engaged in technology.
Impacto del uso de pruebas de laboratorio para descarte de Covid-19 sobre el ausentismo laboral en una empresa constructora de Lima. Reporte de caso
Authors: Gomero-Cuadra Raúl , Rivera-Piedra Rafael
Published: November 2022

La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomendó utilizar pruebas de laboratorio en individuos sintomáticos que cumplan criterios de caso Covid-19 tan pronto como sea posible desde el inicio de la enfermedad con enfoque de casos. Con el objetivo de mostrar el beneficio del uso de pruebas de laboratorio para Covid-19 sobre el ausentismo laboral, reportamos el caso de una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Lima, cuya evaluación se realizó entre junio 2020 y 2021. Se observó que la utilización de pruebas de laboratorio para casos sospechosos de Covid-19 permitió una disminución del 54% de días de ausentismo laboral proyectado y un ahorro de 51% respecto al costo proyectado de días de ausentismo laboral por casos descartados de la Covid-19. El uso de pruebas de laboratorio para Covid-19 resultó beneficioso, disminuyendo el ausentismo innecesario.
Dinamika Regulasi Penyadapan dalam Undang-Undang dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Ramdhan Tutik Nurul , Ambang Sugiri  , Yuliati
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe regulation of wiretapping in Indonesia still contains many problems, such as provisions regarding wiretapping which are scattered in various laws and regulations. One example and its consequence is the decision of the Constitutional Court 70/PUU-XVII/2019 which annuls the provision regarding the requirement for a permit to the KPK supervisory board. This study aims to describe and analyze the dynamics of wiretapping arrangements in laws and decisions of the Constitutional Court. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach and case studies in court decisions. The results show that in Indonesia there are no standard provisions regarding wiretapping procedures, all provisions in special crimes regulate wiretapping materials with different procedures and standards. The Constitutional Court’s constitutional considerations state that wiretapping is part of the criminal justice system which is a criminal procedural law regime that limits human rights, so it must have regulatory legal certainty and must also be specifically regulated in the provisions of the law.
Keywords: Regulations; Wiretapping; Laws; Constitutional Court Decisions.
AbstrakPengaturan penyadapan di Indonesia masih banyak mengandung permasalahan, seperti ketentuan mengenai penyadapan yang tersebar diberbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. Salah satu contoh dan akibatnya adalah putusan MK 70/PUU-XVII/2019 yang membatalkan ketentuan tentang keharusan izin kepada dewan pengawas KPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan dan menganalisis dinamika pengaturan penyadapan dalam undang-undang dan putusan MK. Riset ini mempergunakan metode riset yuridis normatif yang berpendekatan perudang-undangan serta studi kasus dalam putusan pengadilan. Hasil riset menampilkan bahwasanya tidak di Indonesia tidak ada ketentuan baku mengenai prosedur penyadapan, seluruh ketentuan dalam tindak pidana khusus mengatur materi penyadapan dengan prosedur dan standart yang berbeda-beda. Pertimbangan konstitusional MK menyatakan bahwa penyadapan adalah bagian dari sistem peradilan pidana yang merupakan rezim hukum acara pidana yang membatasi hak asasi manusia, sehingga harus memiliki kepastian hukum regulasi dan juga harus diatur secara spesifik dalam ketentuan undang-undang.
Kata Kunci: Regulasi; Penyadapan; Undang-Undang; Putusan MK.
Penerapan Konsep Trust of Land Dalam Sistem Hukum Agraria: Suatu Perbandingan Hukum Antara Indonesia dan Britania Raya
Authors: Moechthar Oemar , Ardian Firmansyah Arifin
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen we are talking about the use of land in Indonesia, as an agricultural country, Indonesia has many talented individuals who are more than capable of managing and cultivating the land. Unfortunately, most of these gifted people do not own the land themselves. Indeed, it is not because they do not want to, but because most land already has its owner. On the other hand, there are numerous unused and neglected lands in Indonesia on which the owner cannot manage and cultivate the land themselves. Such an unfortunate situation causes the purpose of the land to achieve prosperity and welfare for the common good of the people to be a meaningless cliché and practically unachievable. For the same situation, the United Kingdom has a concept of land management called the trust of land. This article aims to identify whether the legislators can adopt this concept into the sphere of Indonesian agrarian law where this adoption might achieve the aim of common welfare within Law Number 5 of 1960. This article will provide a conceptual illustration and advice to the legislators to minimise the number of unused and neglected land in Indonesia to actualise Article 33 Clause (3) of the Constitution for the land to be used for the most benefits of the people.
Keywords: Control of Neglected Lands; Trust of Land; Land Law Comparison; Bank of Lands.
AbstrakBanyaknya tanah-tanah telantar yang ada di penjuru Republik Indonesia membuat tujuan penggunaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya agraria untuk menciptakan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia tidak tercapai. Dalam satu sisi, banyak rakyat yang tidak memiliki tanah untuk digarap bahkan untuk ditinggali, padahal mereka merupakan bagian dari bangsa Indonesia. Melihat kondisi di atas, Britania Raya memiliki konsep pengelolaan lahan yang bernama trust of land. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yakni apakah legislator Indonesia dapat mengadopsi konsep trust of land ke dalam sistem hukum agraria di Indonesia, sehingga pemanfaatan sumber daya agraria dapat lebih memberikan manfaat dan berkelajutan seperti yang diharapkan dari ketentuan Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1960. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yakni memberikan gambaran serta masukan kepada legislator dalam upaya meminimalisir tanah-tanah terlantar yang ada di Wilayah Republik Indonesia agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat sebagaimana tertuang dalam ketentuan Pasal 33 ayat (3) Konstitusi Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Pengendalian Tanah Terlantar; Trust of Land; Perbandingan Hukum Agraria; Bank Tanah.
Prinsip Pembuktian Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Yang Berdiri Sendiri (Stand Alone Money Laundering)
Authors: Rizky Defid Tri , Mochamad Kevin Romadhona
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research will explain about the nature of the stand alone money laundering’s case handling and the substantiation’s formulation on the stand alone money laundering’s case handling in the future. The urgency of this research is the implementation of principle of proof on the crime of an independent money laundering. The arrangement of this research uses judicial normative method by analizing both the regulations on criminal law in Indonesia and the international provisions regulating the criminal act of money laundering. This research results that in the stand alone money laundering’s case handling can be executed independently without prior process of the prosecution and verdict on its predicate crimes, but in the substantiation’s process remain to need the availability of proof or evidences which can explain the relation between the property assets and the crime resulting those property assets, based on proofing’s principles provided in Article 183 Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP) and carried out using indirect evidential (circumstantial evidence). Thus, the provisions on the norms regulating the concept of stand-alone money laundering in the Law Number 8 Year 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Act of Money Laundering needs to be reformulated.
Keywords: Criminal Act; Money Laundering; Princple KUHAP 183; Stand Alone.
AbstrakPenelitian ini akan membahas tentang hakikat penanganan perkara stand alone money laundering dan formulasi pembuktian terhadap penanganan perkara stand alone money laundering dalam penanganan perkara di masa yang akan datang. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah implementasi prinsip pembuktian atas tindak pidana pencucian uang yang yang berdiri sendiri. Penyusunan penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis peraturan-peraturan pidana di Indonesia maupun ketentuan-ketentuan internasional yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana pencucian uang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, penanganan perkara stand-alone money laundering merupakan penanganan perkara pencucian uang secara independen tanpa adanya penuntutan ataupun putusan atas tindak pidana asalnya terlebih dahulu, namun dalam pembuktiannya tetap dibutuhkan adanya bukti yang dapat menjelaskan adanya keterkaitan antara harta kekayaan dengan tidak pidana yang menghasilkan harta tersebut, berdasarkan prinsip pembuktian 183 KUHAP serta melalui bukti tidak langsung (circumstantial evidence). Konsep stand-alone money laundering dalam Pasal 69 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang perlu di reformulasi rumusannya.
Kata Kunci: Tindakan Kriminal; Pencucian Uang; Prinsip KUHAP 183; Berdiri Sendiri.
Religious Basic Idea In Forming Non-Penal Policy To Countermeasures Supporter Anarchism
Authors: Astuti Laras , Eko Soponyono  , RB Sularto
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe background of this research is to analyze and formulate an ideal non-penal policy to countermeasures supporter anarchism based on religious values as contained in Pancasila. This is because the problem of supporter anarchism is no longer only solved through institutional punishment but must look for other “punishment” alternatives or “causative treatment” that are more internal in nature so that supporter anarchism can restore themselves and provide support to their football club properly. Especially if the main problem of supporter anarchism is caused by a misperception of understanding the implementation of fair play football, making them unfair and uncivilized supporters. Formulating a non-penal policy can be done as an answer to the weaknesses of the criminal justice system to countermeasures supporter anarchism. The policy will be carried out based on the religious ideas contained in Pancasila which reflects the identity and character of the Indonesian nation. This goal will be achieved by using normative research based on literature and legislation review with an emphasis on secondary data processing. Based on the research, it can be concluded that there are four basic religious ideas that can be used as a basis for countermeasures supporter anarchism, namely the domestication function as a tool to limit, the personalization function as a tool to make good and caring individuals, the compensation function as a tool to limit social conflict, and the function of innovation as a tool creative function to help resolve problems or conflicts.
Keywords: Religious Idea; Non-Penal Policy; Supporter Anarchism.
Perkembangan Relasi Negara dan Agama Paska Reformasi Konstitusi
Authors: Herlius Ferry , Donna Rumiris Sitorus
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpeaking of the number of religions in Indonesia, juridically, since the past until now Indonesia has not designated one particular religion as a state religion nor does it make Indonesia a religious state. The position taken by the Indonesian state is in line with the theory and conception of a symbiotic state, it can be seen with the emergence of laws that meet the needs of all religions in Indonesia. This paper will discuss the relationship between religion and the state in historical currents, as well as the guarantee of religious freedom in positive law and international conventions. The method used in discussing this matter is a normative research method, with primary legal materials consisting of laws and regulations and secondary legal materials consisting of literature literature. The approach used is a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results showed that religion and state in Indonesia have a dynamic pattern from the beginning of independence to the present. The relationship of religion and the state, has a symbiotic pattern of mutualism. The state needs religion as a source of morality for the administration of the state and the social system of society, religion needs the state to facilitate worship and certain religious needs of each religion.
Keywords: Relation; State and Religioin; Amandement Constitution.
AbstrakBicara banyaknya agama di Indonesia, secara yuridis, sejak dahulu hingga saat ini Indonesia tidak menetapkan satu agama tertentu menjadi agama negara dan juga tidak menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara agama. Posisi yang diambil negara Indonesia sejalan dengan teori dan konsepsi negara simbiotik, hal itu terlihat dengan munculnya undang-undang yang memenuhi kebutuhan seluruh agama di Indonesia. Tulisan ini akan membahas mengenai relasi agama dan negara dalam arus sejarah, serta jaminan kebebasan beragama dalam hukum positif dan konvensi internasional. Metode yang digunakan dalam membahas hal tersebut adalah metode penelitian normatif, dengan bahan hukum primer yang terdiri dari peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder yang terdiri dari literatur kepustakaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agama dan negara di Indonesia memiliki pola yang dinamis sejak awal kemerdekaan hingga saat ini. Relasi agama dan negara, memiliki pola simbiosis mutualisme. Negara membutuhkan agama sebagai sumber moralitas bagi penyelenggaraan negara dan tata sosial kemasyrakatan, agama membutuhkan negara untuk memfasilitasi peribadatan dan kebutuhan keagaamaan tertentu dari tiap-tiap agama.
Kata Kunci: Relasi; Negara dan Agama; Amandemen Konstitusi.
Eksplorasi Perlindungan Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal Berbasis Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Susanti Diah Imaningrum
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the various scattered rules and their protections for Communal Intellectual Property Rights (KIK) within the framework of law and human rights (HAM) which include Traditional Cultural Expressions, Geographical Indications, Traditional Knowledge, and Genetic Resources. The aim is to determine the adequacy of Indonesia’s positive law in providing legal protection, both defensive and positive, as well as the human rights base in the KIK. The method used is normative juridical, with primary legal material, secondary legal material, which is analyzed using the hermeneutic circumference method, with linguistic and phenomenological analysis to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the protection of the right to KIK within the framework of law and human rights. The research findings show that: the inadequate legal protection for KIK in Indonesia is caused by the duality of nomenclature, recording, and institutional authorities that handle KIK. In addition, the concept of human rights as a claim right, privilege, immunity, power for KIK has not been identified in the KIK rules. A comprehensive and integrated legal protection model is needed for various types of communal intellectual property for the preservation of cultural heritage and national identity within the framework of human rights.
Keywords: Business; Communal Intellectual Property Rights; Exploration; Human Rights; Protection.
AbstrakArtikel ini mengeksplorasi berbagai aturan yang tersebar dan perlindungannya bagi Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal (KIK) dalam kerangka hukum dan hak asasi manusia (HAM) yang meliputiEkspresi Budaya Tradisional, Indikasi Geografis, Pengetahuan Tradisional, dan Sumber Daya Genetik. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui kememadaian hukum positif Indonesia dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum, baik yang bersifat defensif maupun positif, juga basis HAM dalam KIK tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, yang dianalisis menggunakan metode lingkar hermeneutika, dengan analisis linguistik dan fenomenologis untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang perlindungan hak atas KIK dalam kerangka hukum dan HAM. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: belum memadainya perlindungan hukum bagi KIK di Indonesia disebabkan oleh adanya dualitas nomenklatur, pencatatan, dan otoritas kelembagaan yang menangani KIK. Selain itu, konsep HAM sebagai claim right, privilege, immunity, power bagi KIK masih belum teridentifikasi dalam aturan KIK. Diperlukan model perlindungan hukum yang mengatur secara komprehensif dan terintegrasi atas berbagai jenis kekayaan intelektual komunal demi dilestarikannya warisan budaya dan jati diri bangsa dalam kerangka HAM.
Kata Kunci: Bisnis; Eksplorasi; HAM; Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal; Perlindungan.
Nature-Based Solutions Are Critical for Putting Brazil on Track Towards Net Zero
Authors: Soterroni Aline , Império Mariana , Scarabello Marluce , Seddon Nathalie , Obersteiner Michael , Rochedo Pedro , Schaeffer Roberto , Andrade Pedro , Ramos Fernando , Azevedo Tasso , Ometto Jean , Havlik Petr , Alencar Ane
Published: November 2022

Over 130 countries have committed to reaching net-zero CO2 or GHG emissions by 2050, yet this ambition is rarely underpinned by robust policies. By applying a detailed integrated assessment modelling approach for Brazil, we assess, for the first time, the extent to which the existing and planned local policies could put Brazil on the path to its net zero pledge. This includes quantifying the role of nature-based solutions, such as protection and restoration, and engineered solutions, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We show protection is the single most important climate mitigation measure at relatively low costs, whereas relying heavily on engineered solutions would jeopardise Brazil’s chances of achieving its net zero pledge. We also show that the mismatch between Brazil's short- and long-term climate targets reflects current weak environmental governance. Our analysis reinforces the urgent need for Brazil to eliminate illegal deforestation and go beyond to help fight climate change whilst curbing biodiversity loss.
SOLARIA - SensOr-Driven ResiLient and Adaptive MonitoRIng of Farm Animals
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh
Published: November 2022

Sensor enabled big data and Artificial Intelligence platforms has the potential to address global socio-economic trends related to the livestock production sector through advances in the digitization of precision livestock farming. The increased interest in animal welfare, the likely reduction in the number of animals in relation to population growth in the coming decade and the growing demand for animal proteins pose an acute challenge to prioritizing animal welfare on the one hand while maximizing the efficiency of production systems on the other. To stimulate a sustainable, digital, and resilient recovery of the agricultural and livestock industrial sector, there is an urgent need for testing and develop new ideas and products such as wearable sensors. By validating and demonstrating a fully functional wearable sensor prototype within an operational environment on the livestock farm that includes a miniaturized animal-borne biosensor and an artificial intelligence (AI) based data acquisition and processing platform, the unmet current needs can be fulfilled. The expected quantifiable results from wearable biosensors will demonstrate that the digitization technology can perform acceptably within the performance parameters specified by the agricultural sector and under operational conditions, to measurably improve livestock productivity and health. There is a need for a multimodal, digitized, automated biosensor and health monitoring platform containing AI algorithms for optimized stress and disease prediction in farm animals. An experimental development of non-invasive wearable and wireless physiological sensor networks that can be deployed in agricultural environments would allow for real-time extraction and integration of physiological data and display on decision support dashboards for livestock workers. By testing the effectiveness of the system in generating meaningful longitudinal data for further research into physiological and behavioral characteristics of farm animals, novel insights about animal welfare can be developed. The successful implementation of the digital wearable sensor networks would provide actionable real-time information on animal health status and can be deployed directly on the livestock farm, which will strengthen the green and digital recovery of the economy due to the significant innovation potential. Continuous monitoring of animal health and physiological functioning promotes more environmentally and socially acceptable developmental pathways. Once demonstrated, the portable animal health monitoring platform will close a critical gap in digitized livestock farming and position the agricultural industry as a frontrunner in the sector of farm animal monitoring and measurement systems. The multimodal wearable sensor-driven AI approach is expected to significantly improve the effectiveness of livestock decision support systems and the selection of resilient animals for the next generation and provide predictive data for end-users in livestock farming.
Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-Cov-2 in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Yacouba , Galal Lokman , Belarbi Essia , Zongo Arsène , Schubert Grit , Leendertz Fabian , Kanteh Abdoulie , Sesay Abdul Karim , Erhart Annette , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Tarnagda Zekiba , Godreuil Sylvain , Tinto Halidou , Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam
Published: November 2022

Background: After its initial detection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, causing successive epidemic waves worldwide. This study aims to provide a genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Burkina Faso. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-seven SARS-CoV-2 genomes obtained from PCR-positive nasopharyngeal samples (PCR cycle threshold score <35) collected between May 5, 2020, and January 31, 2022 were analysed. Genomic sequences were assigned to phylogenetic clades using NextClade and to Pango lineages using pangolin. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed to determine the geographical sources and time of virus introduction in Burkina Faso. Results: The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes could be assigned to 10 phylogenetic clades and 27 Pango lineages already described worldwide. Our analyses revealed the important role of cross-border human mobility in the successive SARS-CoV-2 introductions in Burkina Faso from neighboring countries. Conclusion: This study provides additional insights into the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in West Africa. It highlights the importance of land travel in the spread of the virus and the need to rapidly implement preventive policies. Regional cross-border collaborations and the adherence of the general population to government policies are key to prevent new epidemic waves.
Optimal Dynamic Control of Proxy War Arms Support
Authors: Lohmander Peter
Published: November 2022

A proxy war, between a coalition of countries, BLUE and a country, RED, is considered. RED wants to increase the size of the RED territory. BLUE wants to involve more regions in trade and other types of cooperation. GREEN is a small and independent nation that wants to become a member of BLUE. RED attacks GREEN and tries to invade. BLUE decides to give optimal arms support to GREEN. This support can help GREEN in the war against RED and simultaneously reduce the military power of RED, which is valuable to BLUE, also outside this proxy war, since RED may confront BLUE also in other regions. The optimal control problem of dynamic arms support, from the BLUE perspective, is defined in general form. The objective function is a weighted sum of the present value of the free GREEN territory and the present value to BLUE of the net loss of military resources in the RED army. The net loss of RED at a particular point in time is a function of the location of the front line and the size of the mobile GREEN forces behind the RED line. First, it is assumed that the expected net loss is proportional to the force ratio behind the red front line. It is proved that the net loss function is a strictly concave quadratic function of x, the location of the front line. It is also proved that the unique maximum of the net loss function occurs at the same front location, also if the net loss function is proportional to the strength ratio behind the RED lines, raised to any strictly positive exponent. From the BLUE perspective, there is an optimal position of the front. This position is a function of the weights in the objective function and all other parameters. Optimal control theory is used to determine the optimal dynamic BLUE strategy, conditional on a RED strategy, which is observed by BLUE military intelligence. The optimal arms support strategy for BLUE is to initially send a large volume of arms support to GREEN, to rapidly move the front to the optimal position. Then, the support should be almost constant during most of the war, keeping the war front location stationary. In the final part of the conflict, when RED will have almost no military resources left and tries to retire from the GREEN territory, BLUE should strongly increase the arms support and make sure that GREEN rapidly can regain the complete territory and end the war
Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Critical Review of The 2021 CIRSE Recommendations with Presentation of A Technique for A Degradable Starch Microsphere - Chemoembolization
Authors: Fobbe Franz , Boese-Landgraf Joachim
Published: November 2022

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 4 decades. So far, there is no consensus on which substances and which method should be used for the most effective treatment. A publication commissioned by CIRSE 2021 attempted to formulate recommendations. However, only the spectrum of currently implemented procedures is outlined. No recommendation was made as to how the various patients should be treated. In this article, therefore, basic considerations regarding the technique of chemoembolization are presented. Additionally, the authors discuss fundamental considerations about the embolism materials used, the cytostatic drugs and their dosage, as well as about pain therapy during treatment. Then, a technique is presented which used degradable starch microspheres (DSM) as an embolic agent. This technique allows multiple treatments over a longer period. The aim is to provide interventionalists with a decision-making aid for the TACE technique. A major problem when evaluating publications from different working groups is that the technology used is not adequately described and the individual studies are therefore not comparable. Therefore, a classification is presented that systematizes the possible different techniques. Future randomized trials should use this classification. Hopefully, if they are carried out on a sufficient number of patients, it will finally be possible to identify what is the best TACE procedure for individual patients. Until then the technique proposed by the authors can be applied.
Promoting Middle School Students’ Career Conceptions: A Teacher Intervention
Authors: Morici Roberta , Rinaldi Teresa , Buffoli Alessandro , Boerchi Diego
Published: November 2022

Several studies confirmed the importance of career education interventions since childhood. This study aimed at testing a career education intervention designed for middle school students, conducted, after a specific training on Social Cognitive Career Theory, by students’ teachers. The career conceptions were assessed in both experimental and control groups through the Conceptions of Career Choice and Attainment protocol before and after career education intervention. Result showed that. starting from the same level and increased their conceptions after the intervention. Experimental group increase, in a statistically significant way, more than the control group.
Adsorption and Displacement of Methane in Carbon Nanoslits: Insights from Molecular Simulations
Authors: Bekeshov Dias , Ashimov Sultan , Wang Yanwei , Wang Lei
Published: November 2022

Shale gas and coalbed methane are energy sources that partly or even mainly consist of methane stored in an adsorbed state in the pores of the organic-rich rock and coal seams. In this study, the graphene nanoslit model is employed to model the nanometer slit pores in shale and coal. The Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) modelling methods are used to investigate the mechanisms of adsorption and displacement of methane in the slit pore. It was found that the CVFF forcefield resulted in the largest adsorption amount, while the PCFF forcefield resulted in the least. The COMPASS and COMPASS II force fields led to similar results. As the width of the slit pore increases, the adsorption amount of gas molecules increases, and the number density profile of adsorbed methane molecules alters from a single adsorption layer to multi-adsorption layers. The minimum slit pore width at which methane molecules can penetrate the slit pore was found to be 0.7 nm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that by lowering the temperature, the adsorption rate of the methane increases since the adsorption is an exothermic process. Enhancing methane recovery was investigated by the injection of gases such as CO2 and N2 to displace the adsorbed methane. The comparison of adsorption isotherms of gas molecules provided the following order in terms of the amount of adsorption: CO2>CH4>N2.
Cell/Tissue based Reconstituted Lipid Nanoparticles as Versatile Drug Delivery Carrier
Authors: Wang Cheng
Published: November 2022

Nanomedicine holds great potential to devise better drug delivery systems (DDSs). However, many reported nanomedicines still fall short of commercial requirements including specific targetability, scale-up manufacturing and safety. Cell/tissue based carriers, including cell membrane vehicle and exosome, are biocompatible and targeting platforms but usually suffered from low yields and unstable reproducibility. Here in this study, we proposed the concept and preparation of reconstituted lipid nanoparticles (rLNPs) to develop highly reproducible cell/tissue based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for drug delivery, which holds the potential as a versatile drug delivery platform. The whole lipids of cell or tissue were firstly extracted and then prepared into rLNPs using solvent diffusion method. In this way, the preparation of ultra-small (~20 nm) rLNPs can be easily applied to both cell (mouse breast cancer cell line, 4T1) and tissue (mouse liver tissue). Our results demonstrated that mouse liver tissue derived rLNPs can be further labeled/modified with imaging, targeting or other functional moieties. Furthermore, rLNPs were highly biocompatible and capable of loading different drugs including doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) and curcumin (Cur). Most importantly, Dox loaded rLNPs (rLNPs/Dox) showed preferable in vitro and in vivo anticancer performance. Therefore, rLNPs might be a versatile drug delivery platform for future application in the treatment of a variety of diseases.