bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fjöldi tannlækna á Íslandi – spá um fjölda tannlækna fram til ársins 2040
Authors: Thoroddsen Börkur , Richter Svend , Elíasson Sigfús Þór
Published: February 2020

Íbúafjöldi hér á landi 1. apríl 2019 var 358.780. Tannlæknar voru á sama tíma 284 sem gerir 1.263 íbúa á tannlækni. Á sama tíma bjuggu 45.670 erlendir ríkisborgarar á Íslandi eða 12.7% af heildarmannfjölda. Íslenskir ríkisborgargar eru 313.110 eða 1.103 íbúar á tannlækni. Í nýlegri mannfjöldaspá er gert ráð fyrir að Íslendingum fjölgi nokkuð á næstu árum. Einnig mun öldruðum fjölga hlutfallslega meira en ungu fólki vegna aukins langlífis og lækkandi fæðingartíðni. Ef miðað væri við að tannlæknar hættu störfum 67 ára, væru á þessu ári um 1.416 íbúar á hvern tannlækni á Íslandi en 1.237 ef erlendir ríkisborgarar hér væru ekki taldir með. Ef miðað er við að 8 tannlæknar útskrifist árlega frá Tannlæknadeild HÍ og einn tannlæknir komi erlendis frá má gera ráð fyrir, miðað við sömu forsendur og miðspá mannfjöldaspár Hagstofu Íslands gangi eftir, að 1.356 íbúar verði á tannlækni árið 2030 og að hlutfallið haldist nánast óbreytt til 2040. Ef einungis íbúar með íslenskt ríkisfang eru taldir, yrði hlutfallið 1.185 árið 2030 og svipað 2040. Ef miðað er við að tannlæknar hætti sjötugir yrðu samsvarandi tölur árið 2030 1.259 og 1.100. Í báðum tilfellum er hlutfallið hærra en í Danmörku, Noregi og Svíðjóð.Tannlækningar eldri borgara, sérstaklega tenntra, lasburða gamalmenna á vistheimilum verður krefjandi og tímafrekt viðfangsefni í framtíðinni. Telja verður að atvinnuhorfur tannlækna séu góðar auk þess sem nægilegur fjöldi tannlækna ætti að vera tiltækur á næstu áratugum. Rannsóknir á tannheilsu þjóðarinnar skortir til opinberar stefnumótunar í málaflokknum.
Standa tannplantar náttúrulegum tönnum framar?
Authors: Pjetursson Bjarni Elvar , Heimisdóttir Kristín
Published: February 2020

Alnetið býr yfir miklum fróðleik af ýmsum toga. Þar úir og grúir af upplýsingum um tannplanta, en upplýsingar um tennur eru af skornum skammti. Í þessari grein eru bornar saman lifunarhorfur tannplanta við lifunarhorfur náttúrulegra tanna og áhrifaþættir ræddir. Til einföldunar er umræðan byggð á hefðbundinni flokkun tanna í öruggar, vafasamar og vonlausar. Öruggar tennur ættu að endast vel og lengi án mikillar meðferðarþarfar. Vafasamar tennur gætu þurft á talsverðri meðferð að halda og stöðugu eftirlit. Eina meðferð sem skynsamleg er fyrir vonlausar tennur, er úrdráttur. Margvíslegir áhættuþættir geta aukið líkur á því að vafasöm tönn lendi sem vonlaus tönn og sé fjarlægð. Rétt er að benda á að tannplantar eiga sér aldrei betri horfur en heil og heilbrigð tönn. Tannplantar og plantaborin tanngervi eru afbragðskostir til að bæta fyrir tapaðar tennur, en eiga aldrei að koma í stað heilbrigðra, náttúrulegra tanna.
Tímabundin tannholdsfærsla fyrir máttöku
Authors: Einarsdóttir Erla Rún , Lang Niklaus P. , Aspelund Thor , Pjetursson Bjarni Elvar
Published: February 2020

Tilefni rannsóknar. Tannholdsrýrnun vegna tannholdsfærslu fyrir máttöku í tanngervasmíði gæti orðið útlitslegt vandamál fyrir sjúklinga. Takmarkað er vitað um viðbrögð mjúkvefs við algengum aðferðum við tannholdsfærslu. Tilgangur. Tilgangur þessarar slembnu klínísku rannsóknar var að meta breytingar í hæð tannholdsbrúnar eftir 3 mismunandi aðferðir við tannholdsfærslu fyrir máttöku við tanngervasmíði. Auk þess voru viðbrögð sjúklinga könnuð og tannsmiðir fengnir til að meta stautaundirbúning. Efniviður og aðferðir. 67 þátttakendum var raðað í 3 hópa af handahófi. Í hópi 1 (T1), (n=22) var álklóríðkvoða notuð ein og sér. Í hópi 2 (T2), (n=23) var þræði pakkað og álklóríð kvoða einnig notuð. Í samanburðarhópnum (C), (n=22) voru 2 þræðir notaðir við tannholdsfærsluna. Klínískar mælingar voru gerðar á tannholdi fyrir meðferð sem og 30±10 dögum eftir límingu tanngervisins. Study módel voru gerð á ákveðnum stigum meðferðar og staðlaðar ljósmyndir voru teknar af þeim. Breytingar í hæð búkkal tannholdsbrúnar voru mældar af ljósmyndum í myndaforriti. Auk þess voru viðbrögð sjúklinga könnuð og mat lagt á stautaundirbúninginn með VAS-aðferðinni. Niðurstöður. Rannsóknartennur allra hópanna voru eins m.t.t. klínískra mælinga, utan þess að tennur sem höfðu fengið krónulengingu fyrir meðferð voru marktækt fleiri í T1 borið saman við hina hópana. Á tímabilinu frá máttöku að límingu varð aukning í hæð tannholdsbrúnar upp á 0.058 mm (SD 0.13) í T1 og 0.013 mm (SD 1.19) í T2. Hins vegar, fannst væg tannholdsrýrnun upp á 0.049 mm (SD 0.13) í C. Niðurstöður allra hópanna sýndi að í 21% tilfella jókst hæð tannholdsbrúnar um >0.1 mm, 58% tannanna höfðu stöðuga tannholdsbrún (0 ± 0.10 mm), 21% tilfella sýndi væga tannholdsrýrnun (0.1-0.5 mm) en ekkert tilfelli sýndi meðal-eða alvarlega rýrnun (>0.5 mm). Væg tannholdsrýrnun varð í 8% tilfella í T1, 23% í T2 og 32% í C. Munurinn í tíðnidreifingunni milli hópanna var marktækur (p=.015). 15 þátttakendur (24%) lýstu óþægindum eftir máttökuna. Munurinn milli hópanna var ómarktækur. Tannsmiðum fannst marktækt erfiðara að undirbúa stauta í T1 (VAS 79) og T2 (VAS 82), borið saman við C (VAS 93), (p=.003). Ályktanir. Væg tannholdsrýrnun (<1 mm) er líklegri þegar þræðir eru notaðir við tannholdsfærslu fyrir máttöku samanborið við álklóríðkvoðu. Hins vegar er líklegra að tannsmiðir eigi erfiðara með að greina krónubrúnir í mátum þar sem álklóríðkvoða er notuð
Inscribing Interiority and Ideology: Representing the Visually Elusive in the American Petroleum Institute’s Cold War Films
Authors: Tyagi Ila
Published: February 2020

Films sponsored by the American oil industry during the Cold War often pit communism and capitalism against each other, arguing for the latter’s ideological superiority. Since abstract ideologies are difficult to represent visually, the battle takes concrete form via depictions of layers of underground rock in films like The Last Ten Feet (1949) and Destination Earth (1956), which demonstrate how the American oil industry’s engineering ingenuity locates and extracts the precious crude oil reserves found therein. In this essay, I argue that by harnessing moving images’ power to visualize the optically elusive, films sponsored by the oil industry show it to have technological access to customarily inaccessible underground space, thus making the industry seem a more potent foil for the Red menace.Image Credit: Screenshot from Destination Earth (1956).
Billboards and Petrocultures In West Texas
Authors: Frigo Giovanni
Published: February 2020

This article explores how fossil fuels are expressed on the surface of specific media: billboards. It is based on observations made during a “scholarly” road trip to West Texas aimed at studying the protests surrounding the construction of the Trans-Pecos Pipeline. Blending travel writing with a theoretical analysis of billboards, the article investigates the philosophy behind the Shale Revolution and examines the specific petroculture of the Permian Basin. Given their necessary conciseness, clarity and effectiveness, billboards contain both straightforward messages and profound subliminal cultural references. This makes them meaningful means to understand how oil and gas are embedded in the culture of Oil Country. It is argued that billboards related to fossil fuel extraction constitute nuanced forms of “petromedia” whose semantics and design reinforce a specific “philosophy of energy.” The petrocultural philosophy of West Texas is strongly anthropocentric and promotes ideas such as the instrumentality of nature, domination over untamed land, technoscientific power, drilling prowess, rugged individualism, and masculinity.
Making “The Beast”: An Interview with Patrick McCurdy
Authors: McCurdy Patrick , Kinder Jordan
Published: February 2020

In this interview, Jordan B. Kinder discusses The Beast: Making a Living on a Dying Planet with Patrick McCurdy. The Beast is a 2018 graphic novel published by independent Canadian publisher Ad Astra Comix. It is the result of a collaboration between communications scholar Patrick McCurdy, writer Hugh Goldring, and artist Nicole Marie Burton. Emerging from McCurdy’s work on the MediaToil database project—a database that gathers together competing visual representations of the Athabasca Oil Sands from several stakeholders—the graphic novel addresses themes that arise from these representations while creatively exploring and navigating the tensions at the core of trying to live well in our current petroculture, a culture underwritten by neoliberalism and economic precarity.
“Take A Good Look At It”: Seeing Postcolonial Medianatures with Karen Tei Yamashita
Authors: Gordon Walter
Published: February 2020

Plastic remains one of the most ubiquitous forms that oil takes as a mediating force in our everyday life. This article tracks the way in which this function of plastic has been obfuscated, particularly within the discursive space of academia, by way of a close reading of Karen Tei Yamashita’s 1990 novel Through the Arc of the Rain Forest. After contextualizing the author’s vision of a neoliberal media culture through a brief history of the recent disciplinary convergences of media studies, ecocriticism, and postcolonialism, I argue that Yamashita’s novel functions as a proleptic, literary articulation of the kinds of insights made possible by the combination of the three. Through its particular attention to the lifecycle of media—the transformation of plastic from raw material into technical object and then into trash—I argue that the novel offers a theory of plastic as media that usefully emphasizes its relation to the natural world as much as it does its connection to technology and culture.Image Credit: From the cover of Karen Tei Yamashita's book, Through the Arc of the Rain Forest, Coffee House Press (2017), https://coffeehousepress.org/products/through-the-arc-of-the-rain-forest.
Mitos Gendhing dalam Upacara Bersih Dusun Dalungan, Kelurahan Macanan, Kecamatan Kebakkramat, Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Dewi Ita Puspita
Published: February 2020

This paper, entitled “Gendhing Myth in the Bersih Dusun Ceremony in Dalungan, Macanan, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar” started from the writer's interest in seeing the socio-cultural phenomenon that has become an annual tradition for Dalungan Hamlet residents. This study aims to uncover the gendhing posted by the community in the bersih dusun ceremony of the Dalungan hamlet. The myth of Gendhing is inseparable from the factors that influence the existence of sacred values related to the rite. The magical value that exists in the Gendhing is based on the cultural belief system of Javanese actors and other supporting elements of ritual such as folklore and cultural values inherited from the ancestors. The myth of Gendhing must also be supported by the presence of dhanyang and also the pundhèn caretaker, as well as community leaders such as the RW leader, RT leader, Dalungan elders, and the entire Dalungan community. This research uses qualitative research methods, including observation, data collection, data analysis, data presentation, and conclusions. This research uses P.S Hary Susanto's myth theory which explains the myths according to Mercia Eliade's thought,  which is to solve problems related to the myths of Javanese cultural society and the myth of Gendhing in the clean ritual of the Dalungan hamlet.
Модель надання послуги з використання оптичної лабораторії в умовах індивідуальних потреб замовника
Authors: Хорошун Г.М.
Published: February 2020

Створено три інформаційних моделі, одна з яких описує процес реєстрації оптичного випромінювання в задачах дифракції в реальних умовах. На ній вказані основні вузли схеми та флуктуації параметрів, а також похибки та помилки, що існують в системі. Друга та третя інформаційні моделі забезпечують розуміння процесу отримання теоретичного та експериментального зображень дифрагованого світла та перелік його атрибутів. Також розроблена модель надання послуги з використання оптичної лабораторії в умовах індивідуальних потреб замовника.
Вдосконалення технології синезу 6-метилурацил-5-сульфохлориду та одержання сульфонамідів і сульфоефірів на його основі
Authors: Абдо-Аллах M. , Шипідченко М.В. , Мороз О.В. , Попов Є.В. , Ісак О.Д.
Published: February 2020

Запропоновано шляхи підвищення виходу 6-метилурацил-5-сульфохлориду(МУСХ) з використанням розчинників.В якості таких розчинників використовували аліфатичні полігалогенопохідні як дихлоретан, хлороформ, тетрахлорметан. На основі МУСХ одержані сульфонаміди та сульфоефіри 6-метилурацила. Наведена та описана принципова технологічна схема синтезу похідних 6-метилурацилу.
Аналіз комфортності прибудинкових територій різних типів забудови у м. Сєвєродонецьк
Authors: Білошицька Н.І. , Білошицький М.В. , Татарченко З.С. , Медвідь І.І.
Published: February 2020

У статті наведено результати аналізу рівня комфортності прибудинкових територій різних типів міської житлової забудови (за роками будівництва). Визначено основні переваги та недоліки дворових просторів при формуванні комфортних умов проживання населення та запропоновано заходи з поліпшення середовища, а саме: організація освітлення, зонування території та пристрій покриттів.
Одержання цинк оксиду: карбамідне осадження
Authors: Денисов О.C. , Корчуганова О.М.
Published: February 2020

У статті представлено результати досліджень осадження цинк гідроксикарбонату карбамідом. Цинк гідроксикарбонат використовується для одержання високодисперсного цинк оксиду, який в свою чергу є напівпровідниковим матеріалом і може використовуватися в різних галузях електроніки. З метою визначення співвідношення реагентів було проведене потенціометричне титрування розчинів цинк нітрату та цинк ацетату. За встановленими співвідношеннями було проведено осадження цинк гідроксикарбонату з розчинів цинк нітрату та цинк ацетату.
Застосування відходів виробництва для виготовлення дорожнього цементобетону
Authors: Піддубний С.В. , Білошицький М.В.
Published: February 2020

Проаналізовано науково-технічну інформацію про ефективність та перспективи застосування цементобетону в дорожньому будівництві. Отримані експериментальні результати, які підтверджують придатність шлакового щебеню з доменного відвального шлаку для використання його в якості заповнювача в дорожніх бетонах.
Проблеми та передумови доповнення функцій регіональної типології в сучасних умовах луганської області
Authors: Соколенко В.М. , Подлєвський О.Е. , Соколенко К.В.
Published: February 2020

Визначено історичні аспекти формування агломерацій Донбасу та обставини їх деградації. Досліджено тенденції розвитку регіону, обставини та передумови формування міських промислових агломерацій Донбасу.Проаналізовано відповідність існуючих регіональних типологій за ознаками функцій території Луганської області в сучасних умовах. Для внутрішнього регіону, яким традиційно був Донбас, збройний конфлікт вносить лінію розмежування та кордон. Цей чинник функцію транскордонної співпраці змінює на прикордонний режим або контроль.
Вивчення умов процесу конденсації фенолу, формальдегіду та сульфіту натрію в технології водорозчинних поверхнево-активних речовин
Authors: Соколенко Н.М. , Попов Є.В.
Published: February 2020

Об'єктом дослідження є реакція, яка полягає в конденсації фенолу з формальдегідом та одночасним сульфуванням сульфітом натрію. За рахунок лугу, а саме NaOH, що утворюється в ході реакції, процес конденсації фенолу з формальдегідом проходить у водному середовищі при рН=9-9,5.  Метою дослідження запропонованої технології є отримання водорозчинних нетоксичних продуктів на основі фенолу, формальдегіду та сульфіту натрію, що можна запропонувати для використання  в якості аніоноактивних поверхнево-активних речовин (АПАР). В ході дослідження технології вивчали вплив умов проведення реакції на швидкість реакції, властивості та якість отриманих продуктів. А саме було підібрано оптимальне співвідношення вихідних компонентів, температури та часу процесу. Встановлено, що недолік формальдегіду або сульфіту натрію призводить до полімеризації реакційної маси з утворенням твердої смоли. Підібрано оптимальне співвідношення вихідних реагентів фенол : формальдегід : сульфіт натрію : вода, яке становить 1: (1,25-1,47): 0,4 : (16-20). Час процесу не робить істотного впливу. Було запропоновано час процесу конденсації від 0,6 до 1 години. Встановлено, що при вибраному співвідношенні компонентів і часу проведення конденсації оптимальна температура реакції становить 130 оС. З підвищенням температури збільшується стабілізуюча здатність отриманих зразків ПАР. Якісні характеристики отриманого продукту (стабілізуюча та диспергуюча здатність) дозволяють рекомендувати застосування його  в якості аніонактивної поверхнево-активної речовини. Отримана по запропонованій технології поверхнево-активна речовина на основі фенолу, за властивостями подібна відомому диспергатору НФ (продукт поліконденсації нафталінсульфокислоти і формальдегіду) і може бути рекомендована як заміна вже існуючим диспергаторам на основі нафталіну. Ці продукти знайшли використання як диспергатори органічних барвників та пігментів, як розширювач для свинцевих акумуляторів, як допоміжна речовина в гумовій, шкіряної, анілінофарбній, текстильній, хіміко-фотографічній промисловості, у виробництві синтетичного каучуку, хімічних волокон, оптичних відбілювачів, а також широко застосовується у виробництві мінеральних добрив в якості речовини, що перешкоджає злежуванню при транспортуванні і зберіганні добрив та інше.
Моделі та методи оцінки стану IT компаній
Authors: Татарченко Є.С. , Лифар В.О.
Published: February 2020

В статті описані різні підходи до моделей та методів, що забезпечують інформаційну підтримку обробки потоків даних та процеси порівняльного аналізу для імітаціонно-постадійної моделі. Описані та аналізовані структурні та математичні моделі, що лежать в основі обробки інформаційних потоків при оцінці ймовірності розвитку сценаріїв життєвих циклів IT розробок, а також структурно-логічні моделі визначення наслідків розвитку цих процесів. Формалізовані та структуровані процеси виробітки та аналізу процесів підтримки прийняття рішень задля досягнення найбільш раціональних наслідків процесів злиття та поглинань.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Emerging Silent Killer
Authors: MA Razzak , M Rahman
Published: February 2020

Abstract not Available

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 1-3
Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction Management: Ten Years Experience in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Nessa Meherun , Khan Shams ud Din Elias , Islam Abu Daud Md Shariful , Hossain Md Shakhawat
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is the commonest surgical emergency in neonatal period. The outcome in neonatal intestinal obstruction has improved dramatically due to the improvements in diagnostic facilities and neonatal intensive care, and surgical advances.

Objective: To detect the pattern of neonatal intestinal obstruction, to find out their cause and outcome after management.

Materials and Methods: This was a 10 years retrospective review of all children aged 28 days and below, managed for intestinal obstruction between March 2006 and February 2016 at the Pediatric Surgical Division of Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. Patients who were presented with septic shock, pneumonia, very low birth weight and extreme prematurity, Anorectal malformation were excluded from the study.

Result: Out of 196 patients, male patients were 135(68.87%), female 61(31.12%) and male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Most common cause of intestinal obstruction was Intestinal atresia 55(28.08%) followed by Hirschsprung disease 45(22.93%), Meconium ileus 43(21%), Malrotation of gut 23(11.73%), duodenal atresia 12 (6.12%), gastroschisis 10(5.10%) and other case 8(4.01%). Majority of neonates 158(80.61%) presented within 1st week of life and survival rate was 83.16%. Mortality in preterm was much higher 19(70.35%) than in term newborns 21(12.42%).

Conclusion: Dedicated delicate neonatal surgical care, early diagnosis and intervention are the crucial factors in improving operative outcome in neonatal surgery.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 24-28
Near Miss Obstetric Events and Maternal Death: Experience in Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Zaman Nasrin Ara , Ghani Khondaker Shahidul , Ruman Maj Umme
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Obstetric patients can become critically ill for pregnancy related complications other conditions unrelated to pregnancy and may require emergency intensive care. The survival of both the mother and baby depends on the emergency services that are provided at that critical moment.

Objective: To evaluate the level of obstetric emergency services in Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka by comparative analysis of near-misses and mortalities.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted by observation of critically ill obstetric patients admitted in general intensive care unit (ICU) of CMH Dhaka from July 2012 to June 2013. Data regarding the disease associated with pregnancy and complications requiring ICU admission or transfer were collected and analyzed to calculate the maternal mortality and near miss ratio.

Results: During the study period, 44 cases have been shifted to ICU, representing 2.15% of 2050 deliveries. Haemorrhage (50%) and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (36.36%) were the two main obstetrical complications requiring ICU management. Surgical intervention was required in 86.3% of cases, 68% required intensive monitoring in ICU followed by blood transfusion in 59% cases. The maternal mortality ratio was 195.12/100000 live birth and fetal mortality rate was 82.2 per 1000 deliveries.

Conclusion: By adopting safe motherhood initiative, both morbidity and mortality of pregnant mother can be lowered down. Early diagnosis by assessment, prompt intervention by team of expert obstetricians, intensivist and anaesthetist in reserve ICU can reduce the maternal mortality and morbidity.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 37-40
Teaching Performances of Trained Teachers at Tutorial Classes of Selected Medical Colleges in Bangladesh: Student's View
Authors: Parvin Shamima , Habib Md Ahsan , Talukder Humayun Kabir , Ahmed Rukshana
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Faculty development has become an essential part of any medical college for effective teaching-learning session. Centre for Medical Education (CME) has been organizing ‘teaching methodology’ workshop to train up the medical teachers in Bangladesh as a part of the faculty development programme.

Objectives: To assess the students’ views regarding teaching performances of the teachers who had attended the workshop of CME.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in thirteen selected medical colleges of Bangladesh. Students’ opinions were collected by a structured questionnaire of 5-point Likert scale that included 13 separate positive statements regarding teaching performances. For each statement, the mean score was calculated and interpreted as, excellent ≥ 4, Good ≥ 3 to ≤ 4, satisfactory ≥ 2 to ≤ 3, unsatisfactory ≤ 2. But mean score ≤3 indicates deficit aspect of performances.

Results: According to students’ aggregated views, teaching performances of 15% teachers were excellent, 51% were good, 25% were satisfactory and 9% were unsatisfactory.

Conclusion: The trained teachers are not practising the expected standards in the tutorial classes in all aspects. Initiatives should be taken to pay more attention to deficit aspect of performances.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 46-49
Presentation and Outcome of Acute Limb Ischaemia
Authors: Kabir Md Humayun , Rahman Munshi Md Mojibur , Khan AKM Musa , Chowdhury Alamgir Rashid , Ahmed AT Shahrier
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Outcome of acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is depends on the timely intervention. Delayed reperfusion of acute occlusive limb ischemia causes local and systemic serious consequences and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Objective: To identify the factors impeding the management and outcome of ALI in a tertiary level hospital.

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study evaluated reporting time and management of 42 patients with ALI between Jan 2016 to Jan 2018 in Combined Military Hospital Dhaka. Late presentation of ALI is defined as reporting of patient after 72 hours of symptoms. Time of presentation, Grades of ischemia, co-morbidities, morbidities and mortality were recorded.

Results: During the study period, 42 patients were included, 25 female (59.5%) and 17 male (40.5%). Average age was 63 years (30 years – 87 years). 38 (90%) patients with lower limb ischaemia and 4 (10%) patients with upper limb ischaemia. 2 patients (4.7%) reported within 6 hours of symptom, 6 patients (14.3%) presented within 24 hours, 11 patients (26.3%) within 72 hours and 23 patients (54.7%) after 72 hours. On admission, 16 patients had grade III ischemia, 18 had grade IIb, 8 had grade IIa. 12 patients died (28.5%) and 19 (45%) patients had amputation. The risk factors of amputation were grade of ischemia, extremity (lower limb 45% vs. Upper limb 0%), age and co-morbidity.

Conclusion: Late presentation of acute occlusive ischemia carries high morbidity and mortality. Lack of awareness and Negligence of symptoms delay the reporting time to hospital.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 59-61
Prevalence of Anti-Red Cell Antibodies in Repeatedly Transfused Patients
Authors: Salsabil Masuma Ahmed , Chowdhury Ashesh Kumar , Saha Debashish , Khan Arif Ahmed , Sultana Sazia
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The development of anti-RBC antibodies (alloantibodies and/or autoantibodies) can significantly complicate transfusion therapy, particularly in patients needed repeated transfusion.

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies in repeatedly transfused patients so that serious hazards due to immune reaction may be avoided.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Immunology, BIRDEM and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Total 370 patients who had received at least five units of transfusions were enrolled in this study but known patients of auto immune haemolytic anaemia, patients in whom antibody was previously detected and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Blood grouping and Direct Anti-globulin Test (DAT) were performed with cell suspension using a poly-specific Coombs reagent. In cases of a positive DAT, further investigation using specific monoclonal reagents to detect IgG or a complement (C3d) was carried out. Serum was used to detect red cell alloantibodies using standard blood bank methods. Antibody identification was performed in antibody screening positive samples using red cell Identicells.

Results: Maximum 132 (35.7%) patients were in the age group 1-10 years. The male-female ratio was 1.2:1. Among 370 total patients 290 were HHA and 80 were non-HHA. Antibody was detected in only 17(4.59%) patients. Among the Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemia (HHA) patients it was 11 (3.79%) but among the non-HHA patients it was 6(7.5%). Out of 8 auto-antibodies, 5 were anti IgG followed by 3 were anti C3d. Out of 14 alloantibodies, 4(28.6%) were anti E, 3(21.4%) were anti K and in 3(21.4%) cases specificity of alloantibody was not detected.

Conclusion: Prevalence of anti-RBC antibodies was not so uncommon in multiple transfused patients.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 73-77
Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency- An Update
Authors: Razzak Md Abdur , Rahman Md Anisur , Begum Umme Habiba , Rahman Quazi Audry Arafat , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: February 2020

Vitamin D Deficiency is a world-wide problem and it is defined as 25(OH)D3 level below 20 ng/ml. It contributes skeletal and non-skeletal health effects. Musculo-skeletal abnormalities along with non-skeletal health effects such as microbial infection, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergy, endocrine and metabolic diseases, mental health etc are seen in Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is mostly under diagnosed or under attention topics or unaware matter to general population. It is mostly preventable and treatable condition that needs due attention to life-style modification, medication, self-awareness and campaign and further research.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 78-83
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Transformation of Acrokeratosis Verruciformis of Hopf
Authors: Khan Md Shirajul Islam
Published: February 2020

Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf is a rare genodermatosis with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It is a disorder of keratinization, characterized by multiple, skin-colored keratotic lesions resembling warts typically observed on the dorsum of the hands and feet. Histopathologically, the lesion shows considerable hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and papillomatosis, mimicking a "church spire", and a thickened granular layer. It arises in early life, often at birth or infancy and rarely transform to squamous cell carcinoma. A rare case of acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf with squamous cell carcinoma transformation is reported in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. A 36 year old lady presented with multiple verrucous, hyperkeratotic, dyspigmented papules and plaques on her both legs since her early childhood and ulcer developed on the hypertrophic plaque about 20 years after the initiation of cutaneous lesions. Lesions were asymptomatic in the initial stage and subsequently developed mild pruritus and occasional bleeding from the ulcer. Histopathological finding from verrucous plaque is compatible with Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf and skin biopsy from ulcerated plaque is compatible with Squamous cell carcinoma.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 84-86
Riittävän perusteen periaatteen soveltamisesta aineellisen ja aineettoman piirissä
Authors: Helenius Visa
Published: February 2020

Karl Mestertonin väitöskirjan De principii rationis sufficientis adplicatione ad regnum materiale et immateriale tarkastustilaisuus oli 18.5.1745. Tässä julkaistaan Visa Heleniuksen laatima kommentaari ja suomennos.
Influence of Manila clam aquaculture on rates and partitioning of organic carbon oxidation in sediment of Keunso Bay, Yellow Sea
Authors: Kim SH , An SU , Lee WC , Lee JS , Hyun JH
Published: February 2020

We investigated the effects of Manila clam aquaculture on the rates and pathways of anaerobic organic carbon (OC) oxidation in highly bioturbated (HB) and poorly bioturbated (PB) sediment in Keunso Bay, Yellow Sea. Due to the labile organic matter supply via sediment reworking by Manila clams, the anaerobic OC oxidation rate in HB sediment (38.8 mmol m-2 d-1) was ~1.5 times higher than that in PB sediment (26.8 mmol m-2 d-1). Microbial Fe(III) reduction (FeR) dominated OC oxidation pathways in HB sediment, comprising 55 to 76% of anaerobic OC oxidation, whereas sulfate reduction (SR) was the dominant oxidation pathway in PB sediment, accounting for up to 92% of anaerobic OC oxidation. Despite higher anaerobic respiration rates at the HB site, concentrations of NH4+, PO43-, oxalate-extractable iron (Fe(II)(oxal)), and total reduced inorganic sulfur were 2 to 3 times lower in HB than in PB sediment. Conversely, the concentration of reactive Fe(III)(oxal) at the HB site (2243 mmol m-2) exceeded that at the PB site (1127 mmol m-2) by a factor of 2. These results indicate that bioturbation by Manila clams enhances the re-oxidation processes of reduced metabolites in the sediment, thereby prohibiting SR and promoting FeR. Overall, the results suggest that aquaculture activities of Manila clams shift the dominant OC oxidation pathways in sediment from SR to FeR, which generates relatively oxidized and less sulfidic environments.
Excess of Free Fatty Acids as a Cause of Metabolic Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: TUMOVA J. , ANDEL M. , TRNKA J.
Published: February 2020

Obesity is often associated with metabolic impairments in peripheral tissues. Evidence suggests an excess of free fatty acids (FFA) as one factor linking obesity and related pathological conditions and the impact of FFA overload on skeletal muscle metabolism is described herein. Obesity is associated with dysfunctional adipose tissue unable to buffer the flux of dietary lipids. Resulting increased levels and fluxes of plasma FFA lead to ectopic lipid deposition and lipotoxicity. FFA accumulated in skeletal muscle are associated with insulin resistance and overall cellular dysfunction. Mechanisms supposed to be involved in these conditions include the Randle cycle, intracellular accumulation of lipid metabolites, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction or mitochondrial stress. These mechanisms are described and discussed in the view of current experimental evidence with an emphasis on conflicting theories of decreased vs. increased mitochondrial fat oxidation associated with lipid overload. Since different types of FFA may induce diverse metabolic responses in skeletal muscle cells, this review also focuses on cellular mechanisms underlying the different action of saturated and unsaturated FFA.
Higher Muscle Content of Perilipin 5 and Endothelial Lipase Protein in Trained Than Untrained Middle-Aged Men
Authors: VIGELSØ A. , PRATS C. , PLOUG T. , DELA F. , HELGE J. W.
Published: February 2020

A high VO2max in middle-age is related to high metabolic flexibility and lowered risk of metabolic diseases. However, the influence of a high VO2max induced by years of regular training in middle-age on protein expression related to muscle metabolism is not well studied. This study measures key proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidation, glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained middle-aged men. 16 middle-aged men, matched for lean body mass, were recruited into an endurance trained (TR, n=8) or an untrained (CON, n=8) group based on their VO2max. A muscle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis and protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. The TR had higher protein levels of mitochondrial complex III-V, endothelial lipase (EL) and perilipin 5 compared to the CON. Glycogen synthase (P=0.05), perilipin 3 (P=0.09) and ATGL (P=0.09) tended to be higher in TR than CON, but there was no difference in AKT I/II, HKII, GLUT4 and LPL protein expression. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between plasma HDL and EL (R2=0.53, P<0.01). In conclusion, a high VO2max in middle-aged men was as expected is reflected in higher muscle oxidative capacity, but also in higher endothelial lipase and perilipin 5 expression and a borderline higher glycogen synthase protein expression, which may contribute to a higher metabolic flexibility.
Oscillation in Tissue Oxygen Index During Recovery From Exercise
Authors: YANO T. , AFROUNDEH R. , SHIRAKAWA K. , LIAN C.-S. , SHIBATA K. , XIAO Z. , YUNOKI T.
Published: February 2020

It was hypothesized that an oscillation of tissue oxygen index (TOI) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy during recovery from exercise occurs due to feedback control of adenosine triphosphate and that frequency of the oscillation is affected by blood pH. In order to examine these hypotheses, we aimed 1) to determine whether there is an oscillation of TOI during recovery from exercise and 2) to determine the effect of blood pH on frequency of the oscillation of TOI. Three exercises were performed with exercise intensities of 30 % and 70 % peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) for 12 min and with exercise intensity of 70 % Vo2peak for 30 s. TOI during recovery from the exercise was analyzed by fast Fourier transform in order to obtain power spectra density (PSD). There was a significant difference in the frequency at which maximal PSD of TOI appeared (Fmax) between the exercises with 70 % Vo2peak for 12 min (0.0039±0 Hz) and for 30 s (0.0061±0.0028 Hz). However, there was no significant difference in Fmax between the exercises with 30 % (0.0043±0.0013 Hz) and with 70 % Vo2peak for 12 min despite differences in blood pH and blood lactate from the warmed fingertips. It is concluded that there was an oscillation in TOI during recovery from the three exercises. It was not clearly shown that there was an effect of blood pH on Fmax.
Pharmacokinetics of Leptin in Female Mice
Authors: HART R. A. , DOBOS R. C. , AGNEW L. L. , TELLAM R. L. , MCFARLANE J. R.
Published: February 2020

Pharmacokinetics of leptin in mammals has received limited attention and only one study has examined more than two time points and this was in ob/ob mice. This study is the first to observe the distribution of leptin over a time course in female mice. A physiologic dose (12 ng) of radiolabelled leptin was injected in adult female mice via the lateral tail vein and tissues were dissected out and measured for radioactivity over a time course up to two hours. Major targets for administered leptin included the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract and the skin while the lungs had high concentrations of administered leptin per gram of tissue. Leptin was also found to enter the lumen of the digestive tract intact from the plasma. Very little of the dose (<1 %) was recovered from the brain at any time. Consequently we confirm that the brain is not a major target for leptin from the periphery, although it may be very sensitive to leptin that does get to the hypothalamus. Several of the major targets (GI tract, skin and lungs) for leptin form the interface for the body with the environment, and given the ability of leptin to modulate immune function, this may represent a priming effect for tissues to respond to damage and infection.
AN ANALYSIS OF GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT AT THE FIRST YEAR CLASSES OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
Authors: Martiarini Elyza , Candra Eva Nurul
Published: February 2020

The objective of this research is to find out and analyze the types of error made by students at the first-year classes in writing a recount text. The methodology of the research used is qualitative methods and the research design is a case study. Moreover, the writers chose the first-year classes students of English Department and observed 40 students. The writers used a written test to gain the data about error in writing a recount text. Based on the analysis of students’ recount text writing, there were several mistakes made by the students, with the total number of percentages was 76%. Of these, 76% errors including 15% errors of irregular verb usage, 12% errors of regular verb, and the type of error most often done by the students was 32% errors of word choice, 2% errors of omission, 3% errors of auxiliary verb, 5% errors of intralingual transfer, 2% errors of adverb, error of misordering was 5%, and error of unclear meaning was only 2%. The number errors of be was 17%, and the use of personal pronoun errors was 7%.
UPAYA MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA MELALUI METODE DISKUSI PADA SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 24 INDRALAYA
Authors: Hudah Nurul
Published: February 2020

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes using the method of discussion on math in the 6th grade. The subjects in this study were 6th grade students of SD Negeri 24 Indralaya, totaling 27 students. This research was conducted in semester gazal 2019. The research used Classroom Action Research (CAR). This CAR consists of two cycles. The results showed of 27 students of 74, 07% achieved completeness of KKM 70 in Cycle 1. In Cycle II, students who achieved KKM 70 increased by 85.19% with an average grade of 82.59. So, it can be concluded that learning by using discussion methods can improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI BENGKEL UNTUK PENGELOLAAN TRANSAKSI DAN PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN KEPADA PELANGGAN
Authors: Salim Rin Rin Meilani
Published: February 2020

Abstract :  Bengkel is a business entity engaged in the sales and service of vehicle repair. The business process in the bengkel handles activities of purchasing, inventory, sales and service. In handling these activities, several problems were found, including frequent loss of purchase invoices, didn’t have debt due reports, inventory of goods not recorded properly, frequent errors in recording and calculating sales and service, not yet well-recorded technicians handling each repair from customers, and there are no purchasing reports to know purchase target achievement. Therefore, the bengkel needs an information system to manage daily transactions. The use of bengkel information systems will certainly improve service to customers because all activities and transactions are well managed by the bengkel information system. The information system developed has the advantage of being able to customize features according to needs and is flexible to be used by all bengkel
PENGEMBANGAN DASHBOARD KONTROL PENGENDALIAN MUTU PADA BAGIAN PRINTING DAN EMBOSS PT. MEGAH MAS PRIMA
Authors: Herdiansah Arief , Rosdiana Rosdiana , Wulandani Febriana
Published: February 2020

Abstract : Quality control of production is an important thing that must be done by manufacturing companies to be able to produce products in accordance with customer orders. Quality Control (QC) is the department that is responsible for maintaining the quality of the products produced in accordance with predetermined standards. This research was conducted at PT Megah Mas Prima, currently the company still uses conventional methods in the process of creating reports on the results of printing and embossed production. The process of entering the recapitulation data of QC results using Microsoft Excel application, this is very difficult for QC staff because there are many criteria and material codes that must be entered so that the process of making reports requires quite a long time and the level of human error is also high. This research has produced an information system that can assist quality control staff in entering QC data, create QC reporting and accelerate the process of delivering data to QC managers and to other parties who need it.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI MONITORING PELAYANAN KARANTINA TUMBUHAN “SiMERAQ”
Authors: Agustina Merry , Ariantoro Tri Rizqi
Published: February 2020

Abstract :  Public services in government agencies are starting to change from a direct face-to-face way that the process must be back and forth if there is a shortage of files and take a long time, turning into a service online. In order to improve the satisfaction of public service in government agencies, especially the agricultural quarantine Hall of Class II Cilegon, then the process of application of plant quarantine import, export and domistic can be done online using the system, So that the quarantine submission process can be monitored in realtime. This information system consists of two parts, namely the first part is the front end used by the community in monitoring the process of filing plant quarantine. The second part is the back end used by the file verification Officer, the functional coordinator in delivering the task letter to the field officer, the Laboratory officers provide laboratory verification results, the Treasurer sends Billing payments to the community and head of the hall in monitoring every process of quarantine submission from the community. The back end uses the website.
Effects of Physiotherapy on Hand Movements of Children with Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome and Autism
Authors: Krutulytė Gražina , Vilimienė Birutė , Juškaitė Inga
Published: February 2020

Movement is an inexhaustible means of self realization, self expression and the way of learning about the surrounding world for children with physical and mental disabilities. Due to the lack of general and fine movements child’s coordination might be impaired. Different methods of motor learning increase child’s ability to perform correct movements and enable them in taking care of themselves, in communicating and gaining knowledge. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of physiotherapy on hand movements of the children suffering from cerebral paralysis, Down syndrome and autism. The tasks of the research: 1. To determine the indicators of hand movement functions of children suffering from cerebral paralysis, Down syndrome and autism before and after physiotherapy. 2. To compare the research indicators of hand movement functions of the children suffering from cerebral paralysis, Down syndrome and autism. Twenty seven children diagnosed with cerebral paralysis, Down syndrome and autism participated in the research. Their age was from 10 to 17 years. Mental disability of most of the children was moderate. The children were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 13 children with cerebral paralysis, the second group – 8 children with Down syndrome, the third group – 6 children with the diagnosis of autism. Before the first physiotherapy activity the children of all three groups had their hand movements, the frequency of hand movements and their speed researched. The second study was performed after the first physiotherapy activity which lasted for two months, three times a week, thirty minutes a day. The third study was performed after the second physiotherapy activity which followed the first one and lasted for two months, three times a week, thirty minutes twice a day. Physiotherapy program consisted of stretching and exercises exercises for strength, movements for fine and gross motorics and a game. The exercises were done individually, making them more intensive step by step. The tepping test was used to measure the speed and the frequency of hand movements. The strength of muscles was measured with the help of a mechanic dynamometer. The results demonstrate that physiotherapy is effective. The functions of hand movements of children suffering from cerebral paralysis, Down syndrome and autism have improved. The frequency and the speed of hand movements, as well as muscular strength have increased (p < 0.05). Having compared the data of all three research groups we can make a conclusion that the kind of physiotherapy employed was more effective for the children with Down syndrome and autism than for those who had cerebral paralysis.Keywords: kinesitherapy, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, autism.
Evaluation of Recovery of Cognitive Disorders of Patients with Stroke in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Samėnienė Jûratė , Endzelytė Erika
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research was evaluate cognitive disorders and their dynamics in patients with stroke and to asses the effectiveness of occupational therapy. The sample consisted of 30 patients with stroke, rehabilitated in the Department of Neurorehabilitation of Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital. The average age of the subjects was 65.33 SD ± 13.2 years. During the research we evaluated patients’ cognitive functions, hand grip strength, reaction time and frequency of movements. Conclusions: After the application of individual occupational therapy, the cognitive functions of the patients significantly improved. The average change of cognitive functions estimated with MMSE was 6.4 (± 2.3) scores, and 13.3 (± 10) estimated by NCSE. In the early stage of rehabilitation most affected cognitive areas were as follows: memory (83% of patients suffered from this disorder), constructional abilities (70% of patients) and orientation (57% of patients). At the end of the rehabilitation we estimated significant improvement in all areas of cognitive functioning. The examination showed that before rehabilitation there was a significant difference between the right and the left hemisphere damage, as well as in patients’ movement frequency. After the rehabilitation we estimated a significant change in patients’ reaction time and movement frequency. The results of the research showed that there was significant, moderately strong correlation in patients’ mental state and reaction time after the applied rehabilitation.Keywords: stroke, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, cognitive disorders, reaction time.