bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stock Return and Risk Premium: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: TURSOY Turgut , BERK Niyazi
Published: August 2020

The finance theory suggests that there might be a relationship between the stock return and the risk premium. Theoretically, stock return defined as the change of the market price, and it is related to the scope of the financial system, which is consisting of the financial institution and financial markets. The way, possibly will be, to contribute the existing literature is to propose a new measurement and this study try to do so.

The aim of this study and its motivation is that investigates a new measure of stock return and attempt to establish a new relationship between return and risk premium. To realise this aim, this study uses geometric mean to calculate return and standard deviation, and after all, apply panel data analysis to investigate the return and standard deviation relationship. In this study, seven commercial banks’ data analysed to the relationship between return and standard deviation with panel data analyses between 1991 and 2010. Also, the geometric mean and value relative concept used to estimate return and the monthly stock prices to yearly basis.
Application of the Extended Gompertz Model in Analyzing Insurance Growth
Authors: MUSHUNJE Leonard , MASHASHA Maxwell
Published: August 2020

The South African insurance sector is experiencing a positive growth as the nation is on high quality economic growth and development. However, there is little attention with regards to research on the growth analysis, hence the researchers aim to bridge the gap by analyzing the growth using a mathematically based approach. To verify the wide spread phenomenon behind insurance growth an extended Gompertz model (EGM) which is a member of the unified Richards family was used. The quantitative approach by means of functional limits, the cumulative distribution approach, initial value problem (IVP) and the qualitative derivative approach were used to fully analyze the model. We managed to derive a cumulative function was derived which can be used to estimate the number of insurance growth indicators.

The maximum carrying capacity of an insurance industry was estimated using the IVP which in our case is time dependent hence does not concur with other Gompertz related works. Using both the qualitative and derivative approach, a growth function which produced the same pattern with the original Gompertz curve with K(t) as the asymptotically stable and non-constant growth limit were deduced. Hence we can conclude that the growth of insurance sectors does follow a sigmoid shape with non-constant maturity levels. Lastly, we performed a statistical analysis of the nexus between insurance sector growth and economic development using GDP and insurance indicators (net premiums) data. From the statistical analysis done the results showed a positive relationship between the two. This showed that, insurance sector indeed plays a significant role towards economic development and as such their growth patterns should be well attended.
On the Validity of Purchasing Power Parity: The Case of Sierra Leone
Authors: JABBIE Mohamed , JACKSON Emerson Abraham
Published: August 2020

This paper attempts to empirically validate the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory in the context of Sierra Leone. To achieve this objective, cointegration and error correction techniques were utilized to account for both long and short-run dynamics over the period 2007Q1 to 2019Q1. The Engel-Granger cointegration technique was utilized to ascertain the long-run relationship between the exchange rate and the price differential between Sierra Leone and the United States of America, while the redundant variable test was used to attain the parsimonious short-run error correction model. The results indicated a cointegrating relationship, while the coefficient on the price differential was greater than one (1), reflecting that the PPP does not hold for Sierra Leone. Moreover, the short-run results showed a rejection of the theory and rather endorses the presence of depreciation inertia, where past depreciation of the exchange rate is a major determinant of its current depreciating trend.
Robotic Management of Fibroids: Discussion of Use, Criteria and Advantages
Authors: Gkegkes Ioannis D. , Iatrakis George , Iavazzo Paraskevi-Evangelia , Bakalianou Konstadia , Iavazzo Christos
Published: August 2020

Fibroids are the most common benign tumors affecting fertility and quality of life. Different methods either definitive or fertility sparing are used for their management by using open, laparoscopic and robotic techniques. This is a narrative review presenting the role and the advantages of robotic surgery in fibroids (myomectomies or hysterectomies). Such a management is effective, safe and feasible in hands of well-trained teams even for multiple, large or deep located fibroids.
Efficient micropropagation of Dendrobium aurantiacum from shoot explant
Authors: Ma Nyuk Ling , Khoo Shing Ching , Lee Jia Xi , Soon Chin Fhong , AB Shukor Nor Aini binti
Published: August 2020

Embryogenic tissue culture (seed tissue culture) is a common practice in plant industry to speed up and mass production. However, the culture method is not widely adopted in most of the orchid species. Micro-size orchid seeds are difficult to obtain and collect due to ambiguous seed maturation period. Most of orchid seeds have no endosperm and highly dependent on the specific fungi for germination and survival. Micropropagation from shoot culture with meristem tissue is potentially be another alternative for mass propagation of orchid. Therefore, this study examine the potential of micropropagation technique by shoot culture in orchid, Dendrobium aurantiacum (F. Muell.) F. Muell. This study reported an effective aseptic technique to develop sterilized D. aurantiacum tissue in vitro. The callus induction and regeneration from shoot explant by utilization of different plant growth regulator had been examined in this study. Among the treatments, 20% sodium hypochlorite with 15 mins sterilization period showed the highest sterilization efficiency on explants with only 16.7±5.8% of contamination occurred after two weeks and obtained highest survival rate 73.3±5.8% after one month. Callus formed in all combinations of plant hormone treatments. Media treated with 10 mg/L 2,4-D showed the highest callus induction rate but browning condition occur after 3 months of culture. Cell count on callus proliferation showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between control and treatments. In conclusion, micropropagation of D. aurantiacum had been shortened almost 9-12 months required for nature germination.
Does Economic Growth Responses to Changes in Financing Policies? Signals from Sudan Economy (1997-2018)
Authors: Mustafa Omer Allagabo Omer Mustafa
Published: August 2020

Through a simple regression model, the study tries to examine whether the economic growth in Sudan responses to changes in financing policies adopted by the Central Bank of Sudan(CBOS) during the period (1997-2018. Gross Domestic Product growth rate was used to measures economic growth (The dependent variable). While flow of banking finance to economic sectors includes; Agriculture, Industry, Local Trade, Foreign Trade, Transport and Storage, Energy and Mining and Real Estate were used to indicates changes in financing policies (The independent variables). Data were collected from annual reports of the CBOS. The results reveal that economic growth significantly responses to changes in financing policies but with different degrees during the period of the study. Moreover, it is found that imbalanced economic growth is directly related to imbalanced distribution of finance to economic sectors. The study strongly recommends that, the monetary authority should be issuing financing policies lead to equitable distribution of banking finance among economic sectors in order to achieve sustainable and balanced economic growth.
THE POLITICS OF FOOD DISTRIBUTION DURING THE COVID-19 LOCK DOWN IN UGANDA.
Authors: Nabukeera Madinah
Published: August 2020

In face of the Novel Covid-19 pandemic that has swept the world, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni issued clear rules; stay at home unless it’s an emergency, wash your hands, sanitize, report any related cases for contact tracing and testing. In his directive all passenger services were stopped including private vehicles and imposed a curfew 7 pm until 6:30 a.m., which made stay at home orders mandatory. Majority of Ugandan urban dwellers are hand-to -mouth and live off their capability to move to town centers daily a small interruption in their routine means many went hungry. The government of Uganda broadcasted measures to distribute relief food items to troubled and vulnerable population mainly in the towns since those in the country sides are able to grow food and provide for their families. This article articulates the politics in the food in Wakiso and Kampala districts in Uganda why there was bias. The study used the selected all documents related to food distribution using content analysis and results indicated that anyone found distributing food outside the national covid-19 task force will be charged with attempted murder hence stopped politicians from strategizing ahead of 2021 parliamentary, presidential and local elections which implied that Covid-19 disrupted over 134 districts in the country in line with the preparation of elections and left majority hungry.
The Role of Monetary Policy using the Taylor´s Rule under High Level Indebtedness: The Brazilian Case
Authors: MELO MARCELO , GOMES WELIGTON
Published: August 2020

This research investigated if the Central Bank of Brazil follows the Taylor´s rule under high indebtedness. Research data collected covered last 25 years from Dec/1995 until Feb/2020 from the Central Bank of Brazil and methodology applied was vector auto-regression (VECM) analysis with five macroeconomic variables as follows: Government net Debt to GDP (DEBT/GDP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange Rate (EXRATE), Consumer Price Index (IPCA) and Interest Rate (SELIC). Government´s indebtedness in relation to Brazilian GDP doubled from January/2014 up to Mar/2020, what make this research an outstanding issue. Conclusively the high-level debt environment interferes in the Central Bank of Brazil policy. Therefore, the Taylor´s rule is not being followed as it is expected for inflation rate targeting control. With respect economic activity monitoring the Central Bank of Brazil still applies the Taylor´s rule, increasing the interest rate in overheated economic activity periods.
The Influences of Green Attributes of Electronic Sphygmomanometer on Consumer’s Purchase Behavior
Authors: Lai Y.H.
Published: August 2020

Background: In recent years, high blood pressure has been one of the top ten causes of death in Taiwan. Operating the sphygmomanometer regularly to observe changes in blood pressure, and to track and observe one’s own basic health. This study focuses on the specification which electronic sphygmomanometer manufacturer can provide during the design for green attributes that meet customer’s preference. The subject of this study is to explore the preference of green electronic sphygmomanometer attributes Including power-saving, carbon footprint, recyclable, safety, streamline design and green accreditation from potential green computer buyers. Methods: The data was gathered through online survey over a month period from April, 2020 to May, 2020. Data is collected from convenience samples. 101 valid respondents were used for the conjoint analysis. Results: As the main purpose of this study is to find out the most importance attribute of green electronic sphygmomanometer what customer prefers, the result shows that carbon footprint turns out as the most influential attribute with the average importance of 18.63%, although it may not be considered as the majority factor in the decision-making process, it still stands out since there are six attributes in comparison. Green accreditation is the second important attribute with 17.31%, followed by recyclability and power-saving with at 16.83% and 16.15% respectively. The last two attributes, streamline design and safety, are relatively less important with 15.81% and 15.28% respectively. Conclusions: This study attempts to integrate the relevant green electronic sphygmomanometer attributes into a comprehensive research model. The conjoint analysis and the model of purchase intention for green electronic sphygmomanometer s creates an important alternative view of the antecedents.
Consumer Brand Preference: An Empirical Study of Car Buying in Nepal
Authors: Rai Bharat
Published: August 2020

The main objective of the study is to identify the effect of product attributes, price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference in the buying of car in Nepalese market. Primary data was used for the study and data were collected through structured questionnaire in the five point Likert scale from car users in Nepalese market. Convenient sampling was used for the study and Kathmandu was the sampling location. 500 questionnaires were distributed to car users among them 394 questionnaires were collected. SPSS software has been used to processing and analyzes the data. Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used to analyze the data. The research paper found that there is significant positive relationship between independent variables and dependent variable consumer behavior. Moreover, it is found that, there is significant and positive influence of   price perception, appearance perception, brand personality and self-congruity on brand preference and product attributes has no significant influence on brand preference in buying of car in Nepalese market.
7I-Model for Smart City Development
Authors: Popov Evgeny , Semyachkov Konstantin
Published: August 2020

The subject of the study is the development of smart cities, the effectiveness of the socio-economic systems of which is ensured by the introduction of advanced digital technologies. The research method is a logical system analysis of previous studies highlighting the development priorities of smart cities and attracting authors' results on institutional modeling of economic activity. The purpose of the study is to develop a system of sequential priorities for the development of smart cities based on institutional modeling of the stages of the formation of a digital society. As a result of the study, the author’s model of smart city development priorities is presented (the “7I” model), it is shown that the basis for the development of smart cities is the following stages: engineering infrastructure, institutes, communication and communication systems, data integration, user and technical systems interaction, innovations, application of innovation in the components of a smart city. It was determined that these stages of the development of smart cities are based on the use of advanced digital technologies and their applications: big data processing, the use of cloud technologies, digital platforms, blockchain technology, as well as shared economy, crowdsourcing, Internet of things, etc. It is concluded that the development of smart cities corresponds to the national interests of states in the formation of a digital society and ensures the safety of life in the context of the application of digital technologies.
Knowledge Utilisation in AgriFood SMEs: Effects of Organisational and Informational Factors
Authors: Yawson David Eshun
Published: August 2020

Given the critical role of information and marketing in SME management it is surprising that little attention has been paid to the salient factors that motivate or inhibits consumer information used by agrifood SMEs. A model of organisational and informational factors affecting knowledge utilisation in Agri-food SMEs is presented and empirically tested through partial least squares analysis via SmartPLS. The results of the empirical testing of the conceptual model provide evidence to indicate that functional and technical qualities, provider-user interaction and usefulness in the market environment are determinants of knowledge utilisation. The findings of this study have implications for agri-food SME management in the UK regarding their growth and competitiveness in the medium and long term.
COVID-19 and Change
Authors: Goede Miguel
Published: August 2020

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the changes that have taken place or are taking place throughout our societal structures as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.

Methodology – The paper draws from published articles and papers that have reported on the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in many different areas of research to assemble a larger picture of the overall impact.

Findings – The onset and evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed systemic vulnerabilities in a wide variety of areas, from the world order and the economy to the delivery of health care and the way families function. Given the size and magnitude of the disruptions, returning to pre-COVID-19 conditions is not an alternative. The crisis has accelerated many trends, while muting or slowing others. It has enhanced the shift of the centrum of power from the West to the East. Many countries have begun to think locally again, especially regarding supply chains and food security. The role of government has increased on a range of fronts. Digitalization has increased as the concept of ‘social distancing’ and functioning remotely has become the new normal.

Originality – Over a relatively short period since the pandemic began, many studies on the impact of the pandemic have been published, though they have been largely focused on specific topics. By contrast, the aim of this research was to compile these various impacts to better understand the bigger picture as these dramatic changes are interwoven into our daily lives.

Keywords – COVID-19, World Order, Globalization, Capitalism, Neoliberalism, Governance, Civil right, Climate change, Economy, Science, Food security, Future of Work, Cryptocurrency, Healthcare, Family structures, Learning, Travel, Mass gathering

Conclusions – The pandemic has and will continue to change the world in many areas and in many ways.
Does Urbanization promote Development ?
Authors: Jayadevan C. M.
Published: August 2020

Urbanization can influence the economic growth and development. Urbanization experienced in the last three decades really promoted economic growth and development. Using a sample of 107 countries over the period 1991-2018, this study verifies and finds the support for the hypothesis that urbanization promotes development with the help of structural equation modeling.
The Relationship Between Nurse Staffing, Quality, And Financial Performance In Hospitals
Authors: Shin Dong Yeong , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Chang Jongwha
Published: August 2020

Little evidence exists the relationship of nurse staffing and quality with financial performance in hospitals. This study aimed to measure the relationship between nurse staffing, quality of care, and profitability in hospitals. This study used longitudinal panel datasets from 2006 to 2010, drawn from various datasets including the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database, Medicare Cost Report, and Hospital Compare Data. This study used the random-effects linear regression model to measure the relationship between nurse staffing, quality, and profitability. In addition, we tested a mediating effect of quality on the relationship between nurse staffing and profitability. This study found nurse staffing’s significant association with quality and profitability in hospitals. First, compared to hospitals in the lowest quintile of RNs per 1,000 inpatient days, hospitals in the higher quintiles had lower pneumonia readmission rates, and higher total profit margins, operating margins, and cash flow margins. In addition, hospitals with lower pneumonia readmission rates were found to have higher total profit margins and cash flow margins. Lastly, the current study found that the positive relationship between RNs per 1,000 inpatient days and total profit margin and cash flow margin was partially mediated by pneumonia readmission rates. In conclusion, our finding that nurse staffing is positively associated with both quality of care and profitability in hospitals suggests that the idea of hospitals responding to financial pressures by cutting RN resources with a goal of greater profitability should be called into question. The influence of lower RN staffing levels on higher profitability for hospitals is uncertain, while it is possible that RN staff reductions may compromise the quality of patient care.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian Economy
Authors: Islam Sadequl , Tarannum Tahsina
Published: August 2020

This paper examines various types of effects of COVID-19 on Canadian businesses and industrial sectors. Using the data from Labour Force Surveys, the paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the Canadian labour market. The paper also investigates the relationship between the intensity of lockdown measures ( stringency index) and the unemployment rate for Canada and selected countries. The main findings are the following: 1)The businesses which faced a high level of decreases in demand are food &accommodation,  arts, entertainment, and recreation and retail trade; 2) Small businesses witnessed a higher level of decrease in demand compared to large businesses;  3) The goods- producing industries, especially motor vehicle and parts producing industries experienced the steepest decline in growth rates; 4)The pandemic adversely affected the jobs of women, workers with high school education,  and young workers; 5) Finally, it appears that there is a weak positive relationship between the Stringency Index and the unemployment rate across selected countries including Canada.
The impact of internet communities through the electronic word of mouth
Authors: Samanta Irene , Papageorgiou Konstantinos
Published: August 2020

In this new technological era there have been new innovative methods which made their appearance and enabled marketers to have a more direct and intimate contact with customers using techniques beyond personal selling, advertising and sales promotion. This study has tried to explain the behaviour of internet community members in a variety of aspects imprinting behavioural levels on buying behaviour, socialization and trust mentality.
SEX WORKERS LIVED EXPERIENCES OF STIGMA IN NAIROBI, KENYA
Authors: MUTISO MOSES MUTUA , MASESE ERIC , MASINDE JAMIN
Published: August 2020

Since immemorial sex work has been viewed as immoral in the society that we live in. This has made those who practise it to experience something traumatic in their life.  Although sex work has been viewed by sex workers as a livelihood still the negative connotation associated with it has never faded. Similarly, studies on the stigma surrounding sex work industry are well documented and easily recognized worldwide. However, few studies examine the emic perspective of stigma among sex workers more so in Kenya.  In the face of stigma, it makes sex workers adopt various strategies as a way of shading the stigma as they earn their livelihood. Using stigma narratives from 28 respondents practicing sex work, selected using purposive, snowball and direct sampling techniques, this paper shows sex work as a livelihood to sex workers and they use various means to sustain it despite the stigma they face in their everyday life. This ambiguity is evidenced by the strategies that sex workers use in resisting the perception of their work as immoral and evil and at the same time trying to (re)negotiate their threatened identity due to stigma within the larger community they live in. This paper then argues that stigma still remains a major social problem among those practising sex work despite the various constructions on sex work. This is evidenced from stigma narratives where the sex workers in Kenya are subject to various stigmatizing forces in their daily lives in their interactions with the family/relatives, neighbours, religious institutions, law enforcers, and health providers. These stigmas harm the sex workers’ health, both through apparent manifestations such as physical or verbal abuse and through subtler means such as those which generated or perpetuated vulnerability which then compel the sex workers to come with personal individualized ways or collective ways of dealing with stigma. To come up with development of interventions that may reduce stigma, it is important to understand the ways in which sex workers are stigmatized (manifestations of stigma), as well as who is doing the stigmatizing (sources of stigma) and its solution should be pegged on the various sources of stigma.
An Appraisal and Popular Notion Surrounding The Arab Spring: The Marxist Analyses
Authors: Obah-Akpowoghaha Nelson Goldpin , Tarro Momodou Lamin , Adekunle Ogunmilade
Published: August 2020

Studies on the Arab Spring have advanced economic reason as propeller to various ugly events that have changed the face of most states in the Middle East and North Africa. Most of this literature undermined the influenced of external motivations and knowledge which have been instrumental to certain occurrences in developing countries. This piece identified existing stereotypes which have been underscored by western thoughts and advanced an opposing narrative. This narrative seems to gain less attention compare to western views on the issues that surround the Arab quake. However, this investigation relied on secondary sources of data which is mainly extant literature vis-à-vis Marxist theories with the view of de-emphasising certain notions and bring to the fore realities of events in the Middle East and North Africa.
Shakespeare’s Richard III: An Anomalous Protagonist in an Unusual Play
Authors: Whissell Cynthia
Published: August 2020

Shakespeare’s Richard III is studied in terms of the positivity of language in Richard’s speeches (close to 8000 emotionally scored words). Positivity is evaluated with the Dictionary of Affect in Language (Whissell, 2009). A plot line modeled with a polynomial regression is sketched for the entire drama on the basis of positivity. The overall emotion of the play is positive, and essentially comic (in comparison to Shakespeare’s oeuvre) but the trajectory of the plot of Richard III is tragic. Richard appears as a psychopath in most of the play but becomes more neurotic and conscience-stricken towards the end. The two discussions where Richard is attempting to force a marriage (with Anne, with Queen Elizabeth’s daughter) are compared and differentiated.
Transformative Psychometric Research Trioengineering Modeling: Triangulating Digital Instrumentation, Implementation, and Data Analysis for Effective, Efficient, and Engaging Classroom Inquiry
Authors: Osler II James Edward
Published: August 2020

This monograph provides an in–depth discourse on “Research Engineering” in the field of “Educational Science” first detailed in a 2012 Journal on Mathematics article. Research Engineering involves the methodology and the metrics used to conduct in–depth research investigations via the innovative Total Transformative Trichotomy–Squared [Tri–Squared] Test. The triangulation of this test aids in the comprehension of how the Tri–Squared calculation is a mixed methods research design based upon “Trichotomous Psychometrics”. Trichotomous Psychometrics involves the development, deployment, and analysis of “Trifold Assessments” for the holistic transformation of qualitative outcomes into quantitative data. This paper is a continuation of the published article entitled: The Psychometrics of Educational Science: Designing Trichotomous Inventive Investigative Instruments for Qualitative and Quantitative for Inquiry.
Investigating and Evaluating Computer Sciences ESP Syllabus in Tabouk University, Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Mohamed Omaymah Elkheir , Ahmed Ahmed Gasm Alseed
Published: August 2020

This paper is conducted to investigate and evaluate the ESP computer sciences syllabus in Tabuk University Saudi Arabia. The samples are 80 students of ESP  and  15 computer sciences teachers. To collect data, the researchers used questionnaires and an interview .The paper  adopted the descriptive analytical approach. For data analysis, the researchers  used the computer program (SPSS). The findings showed that the computer sciences ESP syllabus  is not based on the students needs , it also showed that the ESP syllabus lacks the strategic objectives. The ESP syllabus is not efficient enough to bridge the gap between English for academic purpose and English for occupational purpose.  . Therefore, the researchers recommend  taking students needs into account when setting the computer sciences syllabus , involving  strategic objectives in the syllabus and establishing sufficient computer sciences goals.
New Rhetoric and the Socio-Rhetorical Method: As a Modern Approach to Biblical Literary Criticism
Authors: Padilla José David
Published: August 2020

The new rhetoric studies the discursive practices present in a text and tries to understand them as a literary method to persuade a specific audience to accept a new law or change their behavior, assuming a worthy moral, philosophical or religious truth. The new rhetoric covers the literary or rhetorical analysis of discourse while analyzing the elements proper to the social and cultural milieu of its intended audience. The aid of the human sciences, especially cultural anthropology and the sociology of religion, is necessary to capture better the world the loci of the speaker and the audience of the text. The method, which combines social and anthropological analysis with the new rhetorical analysis, is called social rhetoric. The social rhetoric analysis aims to hit the socio-cultural context in which the texts were conceived, especially when the text does not give any clues of it. In Biblical interpretation, these two forms of literary analysis will help to understand the relationships existent between the author of a discourse and its readers (the intended audience). Such an approach will not only study the social history and social aspects where the books of the Bible were born, but will also see the rhetoric of the texts as an essential component of the text’s social, political, cultural, and ideological context. After all, the Word of God became flesh and dwelt in a particular culture, with a specific language and in a precise historical time.
The importance of accounting professional’s motivation in relation to teleworking
Authors: Leite Sónia Ruão , Oliveira Paulo
Published: August 2020

The various transformations marked by social, economic and political life in the last decades, have given a prominent place to telework in many fields being accounting one of them. In times of uncertainty, many accounting firms have implemented telework arrangements to provide flexibility and support for employees who seek an acceptable balance between career and family. It is also in this scenario that teleworking comes to assume a fundamental role for the development of accounting itself. Teleworking thus arises as a response to the pandemic situation experienced in our country since March 2020, raising the question of the motivation of accounting professionals in the face of adaptation, motivation and experiences related to teleworking. Through an exploratory-descriptive investigation with a qualitative approach based on the application of a scale of motivation for professionals (adapted), it was our intention to assess the levels of motivation expressed by the accounting professionals in view of the change from in person to online attendance (telework) due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Public Policy or Government Programs: Are a Contribution to the Inclusion in Chile?
Authors: Tomé José Manuel Salum
Published: August 2020

Given the importance of Public Policies for social transformation, the document explains why and under what circumstances they constitute a decisive factor to promote or inhibit social transformation. A policy is a purposeful, intentional, planned behavior, not just reactive, casual. It is set in motion with the decision to achieve certain objectives through certain means: it is an action with meaning. It is a process, a course of action that involves a whole complex set of decisions and operators . Politics is also a public communication activity . Hence, the purpose of this article is s be a guide in the understanding and analysis of what is meant by Public Policies, as well as contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms for their design and elaboration. That they have a clear and simple idea of ​​what Public Policies are in a generalized context and the steps that must be carried out to implement them.
Foundations in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Possible Causes, Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Authors: Greening Neville K.
Published: August 2020

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a long life formative dysfunction characterized by symptomatic criteria that begins early in infants and continues throughout life. ASD is a condition that influences a child's sensory system that includes touch, smell, taste, hearing, and visual abilities. Typical forms of ASD in the pre-2013 DSM-5 manual also include Asperger's Syndrome; and Pervasive Developmental Disorder. The characteristics of these disorders are similar but may differ significantly. Children with ASD show difficulties or delays with social communication and necessary daily activities. Still, on the other hand, some may present themselves with the average ability to communicate both verbally and non-verbally. These disorders affect social interaction, behavior, interests, and other norms in life. Understanding the method of early intervention may include therapy and mediation that will assist in connecting natural and pharmacological approaches to deal with the treatment of ASD and distinguish standard or fundamental dynamic elements for advancing positive outcomes.
Cognitive and Communicative performances of children from 3 to 5 years old with Language Delay
Authors: DJELLE Opely Patrice-aime
Published: August 2020

This research deals with the cognitive and communicative performances of children from 3 to 5 years old with language delay. Our objective is to observe the 3 to 5 year old child with language delay integrating and interacting socially, in an environment other than his family during his interactions with his peers and especially with the adult. . We conducted the study in the light of the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky and the Anglo-Saxon theory on the extent of language disorders. The implementation of language activity by several approaches around games and textless books and the observation of these in interaction with their specialized educators including trainees as well as their peers, allowed the rating of 5 children ( 3 boys and 2 girls, all with language delay) on an observation grid. The success of the exchange is largely assured thanks to the interventions of specialized educators (ES) to support the speech of the children. Despite their delay, these children are aware of their social environment, and integrate into the rehabilitation program, and particularly into language activities.
THE EFFECT OF AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT WITH INTERNAL COMMUNICATION AS MEDIATOR VARIABLE IN MILLENNIAL GENERATION OF POLRI (INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE)
Authors: Pardede Charles Djohan , Soeling Pantius Drahen
Published: August 2020

Employee engagement improvement or engagement of Polri (Indonesian National Police) employees especially millennial generation or Y generation is very important and one of challenges for National Police organization. Millennial generation has different characteristic with the previous generation where millennial generation tends to have a flexible culture (difficult to control), adaptive leadership style, as well as very familiar with the use of technology so that they are more creative and innovative. This research aims to analyze the effect of authentic leadership, organizational culture on employee engagement of millennial generation in National Police planning function by the use of mediation variable, that is, internal communication. The research method which was used to test the hypothesis was Explanatory Survey Method, while the explanation of the relationship between variables was tested and analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A number of 450 respondents who are Polri members in the plannning function with a background of millennial generation as the sample in this research. The result of the research explained that variables of authentic leadership and organizational culture gave positive effect on employee engagement either directly or by internal communication mediation. Furthermore, authentic leadership variable also had positive effect on organizational culture and internal communication. Based on this research result, it was determined that authentic leadership, organizational culture and internal communication could improve and support the employee engagement especially millennial employees in National Police planning function either directly or by internal communication mediation.
Critiques on the Tribunals and The Hague Court
Authors: Pathak Bishnu
Published: August 2020

This critique is a review of heinous crimes. It assesses to connect with perpetrators, victims, people and institutions and change professed through the works of the Tribunals and The Hague Court and share the feeling with the concerned ones. The objectives of the paper are three-fold: (1) to study the situations of the investigation, prosecution and punishment on accountability; (2) to analyze the preference for justice: victors’ justice or victims’ justice; and (3) to access the critiques on violations of human rights and humanitarian law beyond the borders. Experiences on Transitional Justice, Human Security, and Human Rights among others feel touched, inspired and motivated to the author for this pioneer paper. This state-of-the-art paper is examined based on archival research, exchanging and sharing way forward with over 100 international publications and lessons-learned centric theoretical approach comprising snow-ball techniques. The study theorizes: (1) Retributive Justice Theory: Punishment is justified as perpetrator deserves for penalty, equivalent vengeance; (2) Utilitarian Justice Theory: Punishment is justified to mid-and-junior level perpetrators scooting-free to the top-most policymakers including Emperor Hirohito. Allied powers believed that Hirohito can only fight against the communism; (3) Denunciation Justice Theory: Punishment is justified by pressure of society that sends a clear message: offence is a heinous crime and sentencing a perpetrator is logically just; (4) Restorative Justice Theory: Punishment is justified as crimes of perpetrators hurt everyone and justice repairs the damage satisfying through accountability, reparation, rehabilitation and reconciliation; and (5) Transnational Justice Theory: Punishment is justified to operate outside a nation territory that penalizes the perpetrators as a crime of international concern. The Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals had virtually been victor’s justice with self-righteous fraud and lynching bodies. The Tokyo Tribunal never talks about bombings at Chinese cities. The U.S. and its axis powers discourage future aggressions accepting victor’s justice. The UN failed to restore peace and security. Cronyism was/is widespread. All Tribunals seemed pseudo justice bodies. People criticize these for being one-sided, inefficient, ineffectiveness, politicized, lengthy, very costly and unfair bodies. The U.S. and its satellite nations control both Tribunals and The Hague Court providing funds, instruments and staff. The Hague Court is a highly debated body with many flaws, targeting mostly poor and opponent African countries. Most grave crimes committed go unpunished. Thus, justice delivery appears as a sword in a judge's toupee. If The Hague Court is continuously influenced by powerful non-signatories of Statute, the relevance of its functions are hopeless. Justice becomes elusive for the innocent, weak and poor ones.
The Synergy between White Supremacist and Jihadist Violence in the Targeting of Religious Institutions
Authors: Celso Anthony
Published: August 2020

The 2019 Easter Islamic State (IS) attacks on Sri Lankan churches is seen by the government as retribution for a white nationalist attack on Christchurch New Zealand mosques. This article analyses the synergy between white nationalist and jihadi violence. It examines the growth of the Western extremist right as a response to economic globalization and the cultural-religious transformation of European and North American society. In part right-wing terrorism is a response to past jihadi attacks in the West and radicalized minority sub-communities within Europe’s large Muslim Diaspora population. Much like the left-right terrorist violence that convulsed Europe in the 1970’s we may be facing a destabilizing future of revenge attacks by jihadists and their far-right antagonists that target religious institutions and celebrations. This process results in a synergistic level of violence in which Jews are at the greatest risk for attacks.
Will Entrepreneurial Orientation Contribute to Entrepreneurial Success?
Authors: Oyeku Oyedele M. , Oluseyi Oduyoye , Karimu F. A. , Akindoju F. A. , Togunde M. O. , Elemo G. N.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial success. The study population is the 9,450 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) who are registered members of the National Association of Small and Medium Enterprises (NASME), National Association of Small Scale Industrialists (NASSI) and Association of Small Business Owners in Nigeria (ASBON) in Lagos State. The study employs probability sampling technique and specifically, proportionate stratified random sampling method to select it samples from the sampling frame. Sample size of 381 determined using the formula developed by the National Education Association (1960) for sample size determination was used for this study. The study employed questionnaire as research instrument to collect primary data on the dependent variable (Entrepreneurial success) and independent variable (Entrepreneurial orientation). Entrepreneurial orientation measures are: Innovativeness, Proactiveness and Risk taking while measures for entrepreneurial success are: profitability, market share, net asset growth, sales growth and government policies. The questionnaire was pretested by a pilot study of 50 selected SMEs. Data from the pilot study was analyzed and based on the result, the questionnaire was slightly modified giving an overall Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.853. The value of F (3,206) = 21.848, p <.05, shows that the combined effect of innovativeness, risk taking and pro-activeness was statistically significant in explaining changes in entrepreneurial success in Lagos State. The findings of the study also reveal that entrepreneurial pro-activeness had the highest influence on SMEs entrepreneurial success because the p value was 0.000 followed by risk taking with 0.007, and lastly innovativeness with a p value of 0.942. This finding may be of help to the owner/managers of SMEs to be more entrepreneurial oriented and developed competitive edge in order for them to survive the intensely competitive market environment.
Role Of Transformative Leadership In Dealing With Challenges Faced By The Kenyan Public Service
Authors: Onyango Michael Ang’anyo
Published: August 2020

Leadership on the African continent has been a focus of scholars as African nations have incredible human and natural resources but seem to be bereft of the leaders necessary to capitalize on its opportunities. Researchers acknowledge that the barrier to progress in the developing world is not the deficiency of money or natural resources, but suggested it to be the lack of leadership. Researchers have demonstrated reasons for this deficiency including the effects of the colonial system upon people and civil service systems, but have not yet been able to establish a promising path to economic and social progress. Leaders in Kenya provided promising solutions in the national strategic plan, Kenya Vision 2030, to move it to a first world economy within 25 years. One of the foundations of the plan was public service reform with a flagship project to establish the Kenya School of Government to develop transformative leadership training and fill the leadership gap. The purpose of this workplace individual assignment was to investigate, understand, and describe the role of transformative leadership in dealing with challenges faced by the Kenyan public service. The transformational leadership theory approach of Burns (1978) was used as the locus point for the study. Using a qualitative case study method, secondary data was gathered from relevant literature at the state department of interior – the literature was then reviewed through desk literature review. The result of the analysis was that development of training for transformative leadership was an intentional goal which was seen as critical strategy in dealing with challenges faced by the Kenya public service for national success. The discussion concludes by making recommendations on how to develop a transformative leadership mind-set among public officers. Kenya and other developing countries may benefit from the results of this study as it provides an insight on how leadership is about stepping into the gap, solving problems and unlocking people’s potential for dealing with challenges in the public service.
MORPHO-STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF CRISIS MOTIVATED WORDS IN ONLINE NEWSPAPER HEADLINES OF KOGI STATE ELECTION OF 2019
Authors: Ekwueme Joekin , Samaila Bitrus Zubairu , Jesmiel Kefas , Lekyong Victoria
Published: August 2020

Words could both be an instrument of war and peace. Journalists could build a nation and at the same time destroy what has been built over the years by the means of language. This study, therefore, investigated the morpho-stylistics of crisis motivated words in online newspaper headlines of Kogi State election of 2019. The purpose of the study was to identify and explain morpho-stylistically the linguistic features dominant in such discourse that motivate or trigger crisis. The study was anchored on Halliday’s (1984) aspects of Language Stratification of SFG. The corpuses of the study which comprised ten headlines were collected at random from ten online news platforms. The items were analyzed in accordance with the tenets of Language Stratification of SFG. The findings revealed that the morphological formations dominant in the headlines that are capable of motivating crisis were compounding and neologisms or coinages; and those formations mark the style of the editors/authors. It is concluded that words could indeed trigger crisis if not properly managed. It is, therefore, recommended that editors and authors should select their words carefully before publishing in order to avert the unforeseen crisis.