bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KOPERASI DALAM PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ramadani Ainun
Published: March 2022

Keberadaan koperasi dekat dengan masyarakat Indonesia sejak sebelum kemerdekaan. Sejarah berdirinya koperasi di Indonesia berawal pada akhir abad ke-19. Koperasi awalnya berkembang di Eropa ada awal abad ke-19. Saat itu, pria berkebangsaan Skotlandia Robert Owen menggagas konsep koperasi. Owen membuat konsep koperasi atas dasar kerja sama pada awal Revolusi Industri. Robert Owen kini dikenal sebagai Bapak Koperasi Dunia. Dari Eropa, koperasi sampai ke Indonesia. Cikal bakal koperasi di Indonesia berawal pada 1986. Saat itu, konsep koperasi diperkenalkan oleh Patih R Aria Wiria Atmaja. Kala itu, Patih Aria melihat banyak masalah sosial dari para pegawai negeri atau priayi. Mereka terjerat utang karena bunga yang tinggi dari rentenir. Patih Aria lalu mendirikan bank pegawai negeri di Purwokerto. Dia ingin menerapkan pola koperasi kredit ala Jerman agar pegawai negeri tak perlu lagi berurusan dengan rentenir. Konsep ini dikembangkan oleh seorang residen Belanda bernama De Wolffvan Westeroode yang memberikan perhatian khusus kepada para petani saat musim paceklik dengan memberikan pinjaman. De Wolffvan juga menjadikan lumbung padi menjadi Koperasi Kredit Padi. Namun, usaha De Wolffvan terhambat pemerintah Belanda. Akhirnya, pada zaman Belanda bentuk koperasi belum dapat terlaksana dengan baik karena belum ada instansi yang memberikan penyuluhan tentang konsep koperasi dan belum ada peraturan mengenai koperasi. Barulah pada 1908, Budi Utomo yang baru didirikan Dr Sutomo menginisiasi gerakan koperasi. Koperasi semakin meluas seiring berkembangnya Serikat Dagang Islam pada 1927. Perkembangan koperasi juga didukung oleh Partai Nasional Indonesia pada 1929. Nilai-nilai koperasi yang sejalan dengan sifat masyarakat Indonesia yakni gotong royong semakin membuat koperasi menyebar luas. Dan sejak saat itu, keberadaan koperasi terus berkembang di Indonesia. Koperasi berperan dalam mengembangkan ekonomi anggota dan masyarakat Indonesia. Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka penulis tertarik untuk membahas mengenai koperasi di Indonesia dengan judul “Peran Koperasi Dalam Perekonomian Indonesia”.
Koperasi syariah dan UMKM
Authors: amalia Nur
Published: March 2022

Koperasi dan UMKM memiliki pemilik yang berbeda. Pemilik koperasi merupakan mereka yang memakai jasa koperasi. Sementara itu pemilik UMKM adalah perseorangan maupun badan usaha yang menanamkan modal pada usaha tersebut. Pada dasarnya koperasi merupakan badan usaha milik bersama.
Koperasi Syariah dan UMKM
Authors: wanda
Published: March 2022

Koperasi syariah memiliki dua latar belakang pendirian dan kegiatan yang hampir sama kuatnya, yakni sebagai lembaga keuangan mikro dan sebagai lembaga keuangan syariah, melihat dari prinsip-prinsip yang ada dalam koperasi, maka tidak ada hal yang bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Lembaga ini telah sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam. Akan tetapi perlu adanya penyempurnaan dan pemantauan dalam sistem koperasi yaitu harus terhindarnya dari Riba, Maysir, Ghoror, ataupun Batil.
Science and mission status of EUSO-SPB2
Authors: Eser J. , Olinto A. V. , Wiencke L.
Published: March 2022

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon II (EUSO-SPB2) is a second generation stratospheric balloon instrument for the detection of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs, E > 1~EeV) via the fluorescence technique and of Very High Energy (VHE, E > 10~PeV) neutrinos via Cherenkov emission. EUSO-SPB2 is a pathfinder mission for instruments like the proposed Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA). The purpose of such a space-based observatory is to measure UHECRs and UHE neutrinos with high statistics and uniform exposure. EUSO-SPB2 is designed with two Schmidt telescopes, each optimized for their respective observational goals. The Fluorescence Telescope looks at the nadir to measure the fluorescence emission from UHECR-induced extensive air shower (EAS), while the Cherenkov Telescope is optimized for fast signals ($\sim$10~ns) and points near the Earth's limb. This allows for the measurement of Cherenkov light from EAS caused by Earth skimming VHE neutrinos if pointed slightly below the limb or from UHECRs if observing slightly above.The expected launch date of EUSO-SPB2 is Spring 2023 from Wanaka, NZ with target duration of up to 100 days. Such a flight would provide thousands of VHECR Cherenkov signals in addition to tens of UHECR fluorescence tracks. Neither of these kinds of events have been observed from either orbital or suborbital altitudes before, making EUSO-SPB2 crucial to move forward towards a space-based instrument. It will also enhance the understanding of potential background signals for both detection techniques. This contribution will provide a short overview of the detector and the current status of the mission as well as its scientific goals.
Retraction Watch (Wikipedia tiếng Việt)
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Retraction Watch là một blog thuộc Trung tâm Liêm chính Khoa học (Center for Scientific Integrity) chuyên báo cáo về việc rút lại các bài báo khoa học và các chủ đề liên quan được sáng lập bởi nhà văn khoa học Ivan Oransky (Phó chủ tịch, biên tập viên Medscape) và Adam Marcus (biên tập viên của Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News).
Three Teachings (Wikipedia)
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

In Chinese philosophy, the three teachings (Chinese: 三敎; pinyin: sān jiào; Vietnamese: tam giáo) are Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, considered as a harmonious aggregate.
KONTRUKSI PEMBERITAAN KORAN SERAMBI INDONESIA TERHADAP BUPATI BIREUEN MENGENAI PROGRAM BEASISWA DAN BEDAH RUMAH
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: March 2022

Media massa memiliki peran yang strategis dalam membentuk persepsi dan opini masyarakat terhadap suatu pemberitaan. Dalam konteks pembangunan daerah kebijakan yang ditempuh kepala daerah akan mudah diketahui oleh masyarakat secara luas melalui pemberitaan di media massa, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konstruksi pemberitaan tentang pencitraan Bupati Bireuen pada program pemberian beasiswa dan bedah rumah kepada masyarakat tidak mampu di Kabupaten Bireuen di Koran Serambi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme. Data diperoleh dari studi dokumentasi dan studi pustaka serta wawancara dengan redaktur koran. Dalam melakukan analisis studi ini menggunakan analisis framing yang dikembangkan oleh Pan dan Kosicki. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat konstruksi pemberitaan yang menciptakan makna positif bagi citra diri Bupati Bireuen
SEJARAH GERAKAN KOPERASI DI DUNIA DAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: khaerat muhammad emir
Published: March 2022

Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi Kerjasama antar anggota yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi para anggotanya. Koperasi pada awalnya terbentuk karena adanya ketidakadilan dalam pelaksanaan sistem ekonomi. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18 kemajuan teknologi dan penetahuan telah mengubah wajah dunia. Berbagai penemuan di bidang teknologi telah mengubah wajah ekonomi yang baur. Tatanan dunia ekonomi menjadi terpusat pada keuntungan perseorangan, yaitu kaum pemilik modal dimana mereka memanfaatkan penemuan baru tersebut dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk memperkaya dirinya dan memperkuat kedudukan ekonominya. Hasrat serakah ini melahirkan persaingan bebas yang tidak terbatas. Sistem ekonomi kapitalis memberikan keuntungan sebesar-besarnya kepada pemilik modal dan melahirkan kemisikinan bagi masyarakat ekonomi lemah karena gaji yang ditetapkan para pengusaha tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Cara yang ditempuh para pengusaha untuk mencapai efisiensi adalah dengan menekan biaya produksi yaitu upah buruh. Karena itu kehidupan para buruh menjadi semakin menderita.
Koperasi Syariah dan UMKM
Authors: Ramadhona Indah
Published: March 2022

Koperasi syariah adalah bentuk aktivitas usaha yang bergerak pada bidang simpanan, pembiayaan dan investasi yang berdasarkan pada syariah. Koperasi syariah bertujuan untuk: meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya dan masyarakat luas serta membantu mewujudkan perekonomian yang penerapannya sesuai syariah islam. Adapun fungsi dari koperasi syariah antara lain:Mewujudkan sistem ekonomi nasional yang berazaskan kekeluargaan, membuka lapangan pekerjaan, dan lain sebagainya
Strategi Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNJ
Authors: Trihardini Ayu
Published: March 2022

Dewasa ini, kebutuhan akan penguasaan bahasa Mandarin sangat tinggi. Namun tidak sebanding dengan permasalahan yang dihadapi. Salah satunya yaitu ketiadaan bahan ajar yang tepat guna bagu program studi kependidikan. Permasalahan PSPBM yang mendesak untuk segera diatas adalah ketiadaan buku ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran prodi kependidikan. Diperlukan strategi berupa langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar yang diperlukan.
“Think for Yourself, or Others Will Think for You”: Predicting Belief in Conspiracy Theories with Epistemic Individualism and Critical Thinking Dispositions
Authors: Tomas Frédéric , Nera Kenzo , Schöpfer Céline
Published: March 2022

Epistemic individualism has recently been considered as a potential explanation for critical thinking and conspiracy theories. We propose in this paper to resolve this paradox. In three studies (N = 1952), we investigate the constituents of epistemic individualism, build a scale, and examine how it explains belief in conspiracy theories. The last study also includes critical thinking dispositions and the appeal to authority. Overall, the final version of Epistemic Individual Scale (EIS) shows good reliability, and generally correlates positively with conspiracy theories. Critical thinking dispositions predicted partially epistemic individualism, but were not correlated to conspiracist mentality. Results are discussed in terms of educational applications and further investigation of the validity of the EIS.
MAKALAH SEJARAH KOPERASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Widiyanti
Published: March 2022

Dalam sejarah, kelahiran dan berkembangnya koperasi di negara maju dan berkembang bisa dikatakan sangat diamertral. Di negara maju koperasi lahir sebagai gerakan untuk melawan sebuah ketidakadilan dalam pasar, oleh karena hal demikian tumbuh dan berkembangnya koperasi berada dalam keadaan persaingan pasar. Sehingg dengan kekuatannya koperasi dapat meraih posisi tawar dan kedudukan penting dalam sebuah konstelasi kebijakan ekonomi termasuk di dalam perundingan internasional. Di negara berkembang koperasi dirasa perlu adanya dalam kerangka membangun institusi yang dapat menjadi mitra negara untuk menggerakan pembangunan agar mencapai kesejahteraan dalam masyarakat. Oleh karenanya kesadaran antara kesamaan dan kemuliaan adalah tujuan negara dan gerakan koperasi dalam memperjuangkan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn.Ad Dengan Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan Di Ruangan Sipiso-Piso: Studi Kasus
Authors: Sari Dian Indah
Published: March 2022

Skizofrenia adalah gangguan jiwa yang dapat berakhir dengan hilanngyadengan nyawa seseorang. Dalam penanganan penyakit ini karena jiwayang tergangangu maka di butuhkan adalah terapi, rehabilitasi serta dengankonseling. Upaya terbesar untuk penangan penyakit gangguan jiwa terletakpada keluarga dan masyarakat, dalam hal ini terapi terbaik adalah bentukdukungan keluarga dalam mencegah kambuhnya penyakit skizofrenia
Koperasi dan UMKM
Authors: Adillah Aliah
Published: March 2022

Menurut Ril Heilborner, ada 3 cara bagi masyarakat untuk memecahkan permasalahan ekonomi yang mereka hadapi, yaitu :a) Dengan cara mempengaruhi masyarakat menurut tradisi : Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan demi memperoleh kelangsungan hidupnya.b) Menurut komando : Masyarakat memecahkan masalah dan tantangantantangan ekonomi secara otoriter. Contohnya, kegiatan pembangunan piramida di Mesir Kuno yang dalam pelaksanaann pembangunannya menggunakan cambuk-cambuk otoriter.c) Menurut pasar : Dalam hal ini, keuntungan lah yang menjadi daya tariknya dan bukan dorongan tradisi atau cambuk penguasa.
Universal Learning Waveform Selection Strategies for Adaptive Target Tracking
Authors: Thornton Charles E. , Buehrer R. Michael , Dhillon Harpreet S. , Martone Anthony F.
Published: March 2022

Online selection of optimal waveforms for target tracking with active sensors has long been a problem of interest. Many conventional solutions utilize an estimation-theoretic interpretation, in which a waveform-specific Cram\'{e}r-Rao lower bound on measurement error is used to select the optimal waveform for each tracking step. However, this approach is only valid in the high SNR regime, and requires a rather restrictive set of assumptions regarding the target motion and measurement models. Further, due to computational concerns, many traditional approaches are limited to near-term, or \emph{myopic}, optimization, even though radar scenes exhibit strong temporal correlation. More recently, reinforcement learning has been proposed for waveform selection, in which the problem is framed as a Markov decision process (MDP), allowing for long-term planning. However, a major limitation of reinforcement learning is that the memory length of the underlying Markov process is often unknown for realistic target and channel dynamics, and a more general framework is desirable. This work develops a universal sequential waveform selection scheme which asymptotically achieves Bellman optimality in any radar scene which can be modeled as a th order Markov process for a finite, but unknown, integer U. Our approach is based on well-established tools from the field of universal source coding, where a stationary source is parsed into variable length phrases in order to build a context-tree, which is used as a probabalistic model for the scene's behavior. We show that an algorithm based on a multi-alphabet version of the Context-Tree Weighting (CTW) method can be used to optimally solve a broad class of waveform-agile tracking problems while making minimal assumptions about the environment's behavior.
Integrated Sensing and Communications for V2I Networks: Dynamic Predictive Beamforming for Extended Vehicle Targets
Authors: Du Zhen , Liu Fan , Yuan Weijie , Masouros Christos , Zhang Zenghui , Xia Shuqiang , Caire Giuseppe
Published: March 2022

We investigate sensing-assisted beamforming for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication by exploiting integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) functionalities at the roadside unit (RSU). The RSU deploys a massive multi-input-multi-output (mMIMO) array at mmWave. The pencil-sharp mMIMO beams and fine range-resolution implicate that the point-target assumption is impractical, as the vehicle's geometry becomes essential. Therefore, the communication receiver (CR) may never lie in the beam, even when the vehicle is accurately tracked. To tackle this problem, we consider the extended target with two novel schemes. For the first scheme, the beamwidth is adjusted in real-time to cover the entire vehicle, followed by an extended Kalman filter to predict and track the position of CR according to resolved scatterers. An upgraded scheme is proposed by splitting each transmission block into two stages. The first stage is exploited for ISAC with a wide beam. Based on the sensed results at the first stage, the second stage is dedicated to communication with a pencil-sharp beam, yielding significant communication improvements. We reveal the inherent tradeoff between the two stages in terms of their durations, and develop an optimal allocation strategy that maximizes the average achievable rate. Finally, simulations verify the superiorities of proposed schemes over state-of-the-art methods.
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Authors: Chen S.
Published: March 2022

Read the published version in iMetaOmics. https://doi.org/10.1002/imo2.31
TraSw: Tracklet-Switch Adversarial Attacks against Multi-Object Tracking
Authors: Lin Delv , Chen Qi , Zhou Chengyu , He Kun
Published: March 2022

Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) has achieved aggres-sive progress and derives many excellent deep learning models. However,the robustness of the trackers is rarely studied, and it is challenging to attack the MOT system since its mature association algorithms are designed to be robust against errors during the tracking. In this work, we analyze the vulnerability of popular pedestrian MOT trackers and propose a novel adversarial attack method called Tracklet-Switch (TraSw) against the complete tracking pipeline of MOT. TraSw can fool the advanced deep trackers (i.e., FairMOT and ByteTrack) to fail to track the targets in the subsequent frames by attacking very few frames. Experiments on the MOT-Challenge datasets (i.e., 2DMOT15, MOT17, andMOT20) show that TraSw can achieve an extraordinarily high success rate of over 95% by attacking only four frames on average. To our knowledge, this is the first work on the adversarial attack against pedestrian MOT trackers. The code is available at FairMOT-attack.
KOPERASI DAN UMKM
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: March 2022

koperasi syariahh adalah jenis koperasi yang mensejahterakan ekonomi para anggotanya sesuai norma dan moral Islam dan berguna untuk menciptakan persaudaraan dan keadilan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam. UMKM juga memiliki fungsi untuk mendorong kondisi ekonomi menjadi rata. Bahkan perekonomian di pedesaan juga bisa meningkat, dengan adanya bantuan dari UMKM ini. Setiap orang bisa menjual berbagai macam produk, di rumah maupun di sekitar rumah, tanpa harus pergi keluar kota untuk menjual produknya.Kata kunci: Koperasi syariah, Fungsi UMKMSharia cooperative is a type of cooperative that provides economic prosperity for its members according to Islamic norms and morals and is useful for creating brotherhood and justice in accordance with Islamic principles. MSMEs also have a function to encourage economic conditions to become even. Even the economy in rural areas can also improve, with the help of this MSME. Everyone can sell various kinds of products, at home or around the house, without having to go out of town to sell their products.
Sejarah Gerakan Koperasi di Dunia dan di Indonesia
Authors: Rasyid Andi Syahrul Ramadhan
Published: March 2022

Koperasi adalah sebuah organisasi Kerjasama antar anggota yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bagi para anggotanya. Koperasi pada awalnya terbentuk karena adanya ketidakadilan dalam pelaksanaan sistem ekonomi. Pada pertengahan abad ke-18 kemajuan teknologi dan penetahuan telah mengubah wajah dunia. Berbagai penemuan di bidang teknologi telah mengubah wajah ekonomi yang baur. Tatanan dunia ekonomi menjadi terpusat pada keuntungan perseorangan, yaitu kaum pemilik modal dimana mereka memanfaatkan penemuan baru tersebut dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk memperkaya dirinya dan memperkuat kedudukan ekonominya.
PROGRAM PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH DALAM MENCAPAI SWASEMBADA DAGING SAPI
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of livestock cattle fattening program in ketapang livestock area of Aceh Tengah Regency and to analyze the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the implementation of livestock cattle fattening program in ketapang cattle region of Central Aceh Regency. The analytical method used descriptive qualitative. Primary data collection is done through interviews distributed to 9 resource persons including livestock service officers, bappeda, extension farms, and breeders located in the area of livestock. From the results of field research shows that the program implemented to achieve self-sufficiency of meat indicated to fail because of financial mismatch budget with the results achieved.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM RESES DPRD KOTA MEDAN DALAM MENYERAP ASPIRASI MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN MEDAN LABUHAN
Authors: PEMBANGUNAN GOVERNANCE: JURNAL POLITIK LOKAL DAN
Published: March 2022

The Recess is conducted in the areas specified by the Member of Medan City Council. DPRD members came to the community and then the community submitted all complaints. Complaints from the community were heard and received direct response from members of Medan City Council. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Medan District Parliament Reses program in Medan Labuhan Subdistrict. The type of research in this study is quantitative type with descriptive approach to describe or explain a problem which the result can be generalized. The sample in this research using Slovin formula with sample amount 100 people. Other indicators to show the success of the recess program in this study are divided into several categories: infrastructure, economy, education, security and order, and availability of employment. The results showed that the majority of respondents benefited from improvements in these areas. The overall indicators in this study were well received and approved by the majority of respondents.
Framework for Network-Constrained Target Tracking
Authors: Vial Alphonse , Hendeby Gustaf , Daamen Winnie , van Arem Bart , Hoogendoorn Serge
Published: March 2022

The increase in perception capabilities of connected mobile sensor platforms (\eg, self-driving vehicles, drones, and robots) leads to an extensive surge of sensed features at various temporal and spatial scales. Beyond their traditional use for safe operation, available observations could enable to see how and where people move on sidewalks and cycle paths, to eventually obtain a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of the traffic flows in a larger area. This paper proposes a new method for advanced traffic applications, tracking an unknown and varying number of moving targets (\eg, pedestrians or cyclists) constrained by a road network, using mobile (\eg, vehicles) spatially distributed sensor platforms. The key contribution in this paper is to introduce the concept of network bound targets into the multi-target tracking problem, and hence to derive a \emph{network-constrained multi-hypotheses tracker} (NC-MHT) to fully utilize the available road information. This is done by introducing a target representation, comprising a traditional target tracking representation and a discrete component placing the target on a given segment in the network. A simulation study shows that the method performs well in comparison to the standard MHT filter in free space. Results particularly highlight network-constraint effects for more efficient target predictions over extended periods of time, and in the simplification of the measurement association process, as compared to not utilizing a network structure. This theoretical work also directs attention to latent privacy concerns for potential applications.
Academic publishing
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Academic publishing is the subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarship. Most academic work is published in academic journal articles, books or theses.
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Concomitant with Chronic Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Dissection Stanford Type B and Chronic Venous Insufficiency in Overweight Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Female
Authors: Fikri Fadel
Published: March 2022

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease in which early diagnosis and treatment is critical to patient survival. This disease results from a tear in the intima layer of the blood vessel, through which blood penetrates and then dissects distally into the medial layer of the vessel, or by rupture of the vasovasorum with bleeding into the damaged underlying aorta media, creating a blood-filled channel in the aortic wall. Many conditions are associated with aortic dissection. Hypertension occurs in approximately 75% of individuals with aortic dissection. Other causes such as genetic disorders can be a risk factor for aortic dissection. Having an aortic aneurysm increases the risk of a tear in the aortic lining (aortic dissection), an aortic dissection is a serious condition in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the body's main artery (aorta). Hypertension and diabetes are predisposising factors for vascular disease. Arterial hypertension is an important factor for aortic dissection, approximately 70% patient with hypertension have aortic dissection. An important pathophysiolgy is pulsatile bloodflow can propagate dissection in aorta itself. While diabetes itself have bad impact in vascular, in aortic aneurism, diabetes has protective role in aortic aneurism. In long-standing untreated hypertension with diabetes patient, aneurism still can occur and lead to dissection of aorta.
Do people think the soul is separate from the body and the mind?
Authors: Richert Rebekah , Lesage Kirsten A
Published: March 2022

Chapter in D. J. Slone & W. W. McCorkle Jr. (Eds.), The Cognitive Science of Religion: A Methodological Introduction to Key Empirical Studies. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
Civic-mindedness is more than Personality: Untangling the Overlapping Constructs of Service Motivation, Civic Efficacy and the Big Five
Authors: Van Matre Joseph Charles , Bekkers Rene , Huizinga Mariette , de Wit Arjen
Published: March 2022

Many colleges and universities have embraced the goal of increasing students’ civic-mindedness. The research associated with theorizing and measuring civic-mindedness, however, has thus far progressed in a silo away from the established literature of personality psychology. This paper bridges this gap—adopting civic efficacy and service motivation as two measures of civic-mindedness—and examines how well they are explained by the five-factor model of personality (FFM). Using survey data from undergraduate students at a large, public research university, we estimated a structural equation model to measure personality traits from the FFM, service motivation, and civic efficacy. Results showed that variation in personality accounts for approximately 40 percent of the variation in Service Motivation and 53 percent of the variation in Civic Efficacy, which does not support a clear assertion that either construct can neatly be categorized as a facet of the FFM. Our findings provide additional theoretical basis for community service learning courses and other educational opportunities that blend traditional pedagogical strategies with experiential and reflective opportunities aiming to produce change across state-like and trait-like attributes.
An Experience-Sampling Approach to Examining Cortisol and Testosterone Profiles in Bipolar and Depressive Mood Disorders
Authors: Gruber June , Welker Keith M , Purcell John Randall , Lassetter Bethany , Prasad Smrithi , Brandes Cassandra M , Mehta Pranjal
Published: March 2022

Emotion dysregulation is a core component of bipolar disorder (BD). However, there is a critical gap concerning the measurement of emotion-relevant neuroendocrine processes in this population. The present investigation examined neuroendocrine profiles (i.e., cortisol and testosterone) alongside emotional experiences across three consecutive days in naturalistic settings among adults with bipolar I disorder (n = 28) compared to a clinical comparison group of adults with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 28) and healthy non-psychiatric controls (n = 27). Across four diurnal cortisol measures, the BD group exhibited decreased cortisol concentrations throughout the day, lower overall hormone output, and smaller awakening responses when compared to MDD, and flatter slopes compared to both MDD and control groups. The BD group did not differ from either group in any diurnal testosterone measures. These findings contribute to a growing literature on neuroendocrine processes involved in bipolar and depressive mood disturbances. Future work is needed to unpack the implications of decreased cortisol profiles in mood disorders.
Internationalizing Like China
Authors: Clayton Christopher , Santos Amanda Dos , Maggiori Matteo , Schreger Jesse
Published: March 2022

We empirically characterize how China is internationalizing the Renminbi by staggering the entry of different types of foreign investors into its domestic bond market and propose a dynamic reputation model to explain this strategy. Our framework rationalize China’s strategy as trying to build credibility as an international currency issuer while reducing the cost of capital flight. We provide a sufficient statistic to measure countries' reputation over time and show that it can be estimated using micro data on foreign investors' portfolios. We use our framework to explore how countries compete to become a reserve currency provider.
Constructing Alternative Facts: Populist Expertise and the QAnon Conspiracy
Authors: Marwick Alice , Partin William Clyde
Published: March 2022

Communication research is increasingly concerned with the relationship between epistemological fragmentation and polarization. Even so, explanations for why partisans take up fringe beliefs are limited. This paper examples the right-wing conspiracy QAnon, which posits that the anonymous poster “Q” is a Trump administration insider who encourages followers (“Bakers”) to research hidden truths behind current events. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork on the 8chan imageboard, we position baking as a collective, knowledge-making activity, built on the affordances of social media, designed to construct specific facts and theories that maintain QAnon’s cohesion over time. Bakers demonstrate populist expertise, the rejection of legacy media accounts of current events in favor of the “alternative facts” constructed through their systematic research program. We emphasize the politically ambivalent nature of participatory culture and argue that baking casts doubt on critical thinking or media literacy as solutions to “post-truth” dilemmas like hyper-partisan media and disinformation.
Guru Sebagai Suri tauladan Bagi muridnya
Authors: Jihadi Muhammad Ridhi
Published: March 2022

Profesi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, yang didapat melalui pendidikan dan latihan tertentu. Guru dapat digolongkan sebagai suatu profesi, karena Guru adalah pekerjaan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus dan tidak dapat dilakukan oleh sembarang orang diluar bidang Pendidikan .kode etik suatu profesi adalah norma-norma yang harus diindahkan oleh setiap anggota profesi di dalam melaksanakan tugas profesinya dan dalam hidupnya di masyarakat. Suatu organisasi dalam profesi berperan penting untuk mengembangkan dan memajukan profesi, memantau sertamemperluas bidang gerak profesi, menghimpun dan juga memberikan kesempatan kepada semua anggota untuk berkarya dan berperan aktif dalam mengembangkan dan memajukan profesi. Organisasi dapat meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kemampuan para guru, sehingga kompetensi kependidikan yang handal pada diri tenaga kependidikan dapat terwujud. Peran dan kewajiban seorang guru seorang guru dapat membimbing siswanya menjadi lebih baik, dengan mencontohkan perilaku sopan santun, selalu sabar dalam mengajar, tidak mudah pantang menyerah.
Peranan Guru Sebagai Motivator serta Inspirasi untuk Kemajuan Bangsa di Indonesia
Authors: Nabila Aisha
Published: March 2022

profesi guru merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang menuntut keahlian tertentu yang memerlukan persiapan pendidikan dan pelatihan yang khusus dan perannya pun penting untuk bangsa. Selain perannya yang penting, profesi guru juga memiliki kode etik yang bertujuan untuk membedakan mana yang baik dan buruknya tingkah laku dalam melakukan suatu pekerjaan serta mendorong untuk bersikap sesuai norma-norma yang dibolehkan. Profesi guru juga memiliki organisasi yang berfungsi sebagai penampung dan penyelesaian masalah yang dihadapi berkaitan dengan pendidikan dan diselesaikan secara bersama serta keuntungannya dari adanya organisasi profesi guru di indonesia adalah dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru dan mengembangkan kemampuan serta sebagai pemersatu.
GURU SEBAGAI PARADIGMA PEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Halim Abdul
Published: March 2022

Profesi secara etimologis berasal dari kata profession (bahasa Inggris) yang berasal dari bahasa latin profesus yang berarti “mampu atau ahli dalam suatu bentuk pekerjaan”. Profesi juga dapat diartikan sebagai pekerjaan atau jabatan yang memerlukan keterampilan, yang diperoleh melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan tertentu, sesuai dengan persyaratan khusus, memiliki tanggung jawab tertentu dan kode etik. Suatu profesi memerlukan keahlian dan kompetensi khusus dalam menjalankan profesinya. Penegasan guru sebagai jabatan guru yang profesional tertuang dalam pasal 1 undang-undang no. 14 Tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, dan tepat sebagai berikut, guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas pokok mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, mengevaluasi, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pendidikan anak usia dini melalui pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah. Kedudukan guru dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya lembaga pendidikan yang menghasilkan calon guru untuk menghasilkan guru yang profesional. Dan itulah mengapa ada profesi guru.
Profesi Keguruan
Authors: Ansari Akhmad Hapis
Published: March 2022

Profesi guru merupakan profesi yang penting dan berkontribusi langsung terhadap kemajuan suatu bangsa. Sebagai suatu profesi, guru idealnya memiliki syarat-syarat khusus untuk dapat dijalani oleh seseorang. Diperlukan kompetensi khusus untuk menjadi seorang guru. Guru adalah posisi yang strategis bagi pembelajaran suatu bangsa yang tidak mungkin digantikan oleh unsur manapun dalam kehidupan sebuah bangsa sejak dulu. Semakin signifikannya keberadaan guru melaksanakan peran dan tugasnya semakin terjamin terciptanya kehandalan dan terbinanya kesiapan seseorang. Dengan kata lain potret manusia yang akan dating tercermin dari potrat guru dimasa sekarang dan gerak maju dinamika kehidupan guru ditengah-tengah masyarakat.Layaknya profesi lain, profesi guru juga dilengkapi dengan berbagai atribut profesi, antara lain kode etik profesi keguruan, organisasi profesi keguruan, organisasi profesi keguruan, serta hak dan kewajiban guru Indonesia. Seperangkat tata nilai tersebut dibuat untuk menjamin profesi guru dapat berperan maksimal dalam proses pendidikan. Sebagai motivator seorang guru hendaknya mampu mendorong peserta didiknya agar mempunyai semangat belajar.
Profesi, Kode Etik, Organisasi, dan Peran Guru
Authors: Pratiwi Rahani Surya
Published: March 2022

Profesi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, yang didapat melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan tertentu, menurut persyaratan khusus memiliki tanggung jawab dan kode etik tertentu. Pekerjaan profesional berbeda dengan pekerjaan lainnya karena suatu profesi memerlukan kemampuan dan keahlian khusus dan melaksanakan profesinya. Guru merupakan salah satu profesi yang dimana berarti suatu jabatan yang memerlukan keahlian khusus sebagai guru dan tidak dapat dilakukan oleh orang-orang di luar bidang pendidikan. Seperti profesi lain profesi guru juga memiliki berbagai atribut profesi guru seperti kode etik profesi keguruan dan organisasi profesi keguruan. Selain itu juga profesi guru juga memiliki peran, hak, dan kewajiban yang harus dilaksanakan.
تحليل تأثيرات النزاع التجاري الامريكي – الصيني على الاقتصادات العربية مع اشارة خاصة الى العراق
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, منعم دحام هاني , عبد الغفار حمود أ . د . هناء
Published: March 2022

The trade conflict between the United States of America and China has affected the global economy in general and the economy of a large number of countries in particular. The economic war is a real test of the theoretical frameworks that talk about the economic approach to hegemony, as well as the assumptions of the balance of global forces and the data of the multipolar world, the nature of international interactions and the position of China in them, and the extent of a transformation in the global system based on American supremacy. This research deals with analyzing the impact of the ongoing trade conflict between them on the Arab economies and on Iraq in particular, identifying the repercussions and their causes, and setting possible ways to avoid or mitigate the harm of this conflict on the Iraqi economy. The Arab countries, especially the oil ones, have been affected by the trade conflict between the United States of America and China in many directions due to the fact that these countries are exposed to the global economy and have economic relations with the two parties to the conflict, and this is what calls the Arab countries to change their economic and trade policies to reduce the impact of this conflict. In addition to the importance of Iraq following a policy of economic and commercial diversification in a way that enhances the country's political independence, and the need to seize the useful and available opportunities from its relations with both the United States of America and China.
الدور التمويلي للتعريفة الكمركية في الاقتصاد العراقي بعد عام 2003
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, عباس فاضل رسل , محمد  جاسم أ. م. د عبير
Published: March 2022

The customs tariff represents a very important financial tool after oil in financing the general budget and expanding the scope of public revenues and providing them with financial resources. However, the legislative authority legislated the tariff law and applied it late, and that corruption was one of the most important reasons that made this resource weak contributing to public revenues, and the problem of research lies in the financing role of the customs tariff is very weak, even after the application of the customs tariff law of 2010, and the tariff did not contribute as required to financing the state with customs revenues. The research is on two axes, as the first axis deals with the theoretical framework of the customs tariff and the second axis is the customs revenues in Iraq and their role in financing the public budget after 2003, and that one of the most prominent conclusions reached by the research is the percentage of the contribution of customs revenues to public revenues is still weak, as the average contribution rate reached The customs revenue in the general revenue is (0.71%), which is less than the correct one until After the application of the customs tariff law, the indicator of customs evasion has increased for some selected years, which were chosen since the law was applied, to find that the rates are still high and that this indicates the weakness of the state to curb these practices, and the most prominent recommendations came that the economic authority must activate its control tools in order to preventing customs evasion or using other practices to avoid wasting resources from customs to expand the scope of its contribution to the structure of tax revenues and raise its contribution to the public budget.
آليات وبرامج دعم المشاريع الصغيرة - تجارب دولية مع إشارة خاصة للعراق
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, عبد النبي الدلفي عقيل , خلف علي أ.د. فلاح
Published: March 2022

There are a number of mechanisms that have contributed to providing an integrated system of services, and have proven their effectiveness in promoting small projects. Therefore, countries seeking to provide support and develop small projects must be guided by those ideas, programs and mechanisms, in light of the presence of a large number of factors that intertwine and overlap in the operations of preparation for the establishment of these projects, and by returning to the experiences of the leading countries, we find that these projects have been able to play a leading role in economic and social life, as an appropriate entry point for achieving craftsmanship, as well as being a means of earning a living and entering the business world. Small projects represent more than 98% of the total Institutions operating in most countries of the world, and became responsible for up to half of the national product of these countries, and these projects provided between 40-80% of the total job opportunities, and in light of the importance of small projects faced many challenges resulting from the liberalization of markets due to globalization. Accordingly, there was a need to create a work system that develops and modernizes the concept of supporting and nurturing small projects. Therefore, development ideas (business incubators, industrial clusters) are prepared. The study included four axes, the first axis dealt with the conceptual framework of mechanisms and programs to support small projects, the second axis dealt with experiences of promoting and developing small projects, and the third axis dealt with the reality of small projects In Iraq, the fourth axis dealt with establishing business incubators to develop small projects in Iraq.
تأثير التضخم في ربحية أسهم قطاعات سوق العراق للأوراق المالية للمدة (2004-2018)
Authors:   الجامعة المستنصرية/ كلية الادارة والاقتصاد, ضياء عباس عبدالله , عبدالله عبد أ. م. د يوسف
Published: March 2022

The research aims to measure and analyze the impact of inflation on the profitability of the shares of the Iraqi stock market sectors for the period (2004-2018) using the NARDL model, as well as knowing the extent of the impact of an inflation shock on the rates of profitability of the Iraqi stock market sectors for the period (2004-2018). The research concluded that there is an inverse, non-linear, long-term equilibrium relationship between inflation and the profitability of the shares of the Iraqi stock market sectors, in addition to the fact that the investment sector in the Iraqi stock market is one of the sectors most affected (resilient) by fluctuations in the inflation rate in Iraq, as the inflation rate changes by certain profits will be affected by more than ninety percent of this change.
CITRAAN DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI SUJUD SENDU KARYA USWATUN KHASANAH DKK DAN IMPLIKASINYA
Authors: Ramdani Reza , Nirmala Afsun Aulia , Anwar Syamsul
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang salah satu unsur fisik pada puisi yaitu citraan yang terdapat dalam Antologi Puisi Sujud Sendu karya Uswatun Khasanah, dkk. dan implikasinya pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMP kelas VIII yaitu pada teks puisi . Hasil penelitian terdapat 6 jenis citraan yaitu citraan penglihatan, pendengaran, penciuman, rasaan, rabaan dan gerak.
KEMAMPUAN MEMPRODUKSI TEKS EKSPOSISI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS DI KOTA MATARAM DITINJAU DARI ASPEK STRUKTUR TEKS EKSPOSISI
Authors: Rosmayanti Nur Ida , Mahsun Mahsun , Mahyudi Johan
Published: March 2022

This study aims to describe the ability to produce Non-Literature Genre Text of High School in Mataram City,West Nusa Tenggara .The problem in this research are : How is  the ability to produce  exposition text by students senior high school based on the structure of the exposition text. The approach used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative approach. Population Data  of this research are exposition text.The methode of data collection is done by listening to the method of proficiency involved.Data were analyzed qualitative and quantitative then presented through informal methods. The result of this study indicate that the ability of students  Senior High School of  Mataram city in producing exposition text is in the category of  underprivileged, that is equal to 57,50 under category of  sufficiently  capable score (67-78). The inability appear also qualitatively in lack of proper use of understanding of  based exposition text.
The Safety Profile of Single Daily Dose of Aminoglycosides in Comparison with Multiple Daily Dose
Authors: A. Baker Amanj , A. Majeed Ibrahim , K. Ismail Dawser
Published: March 2022

To overcome  the  problems  which  associated  with  the standard  multiple  daily  doses (MDD)

of aminoglycosides (AGs) like high incidence of toxicity(nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity)(5-25%) and high cost, an alternative approach was developed which was single daily dose (SDD).This new regimen was designed to maximize bacterial killing by optimizing the peak concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)ratio and to reduce the potential for toxicity. The study includes 75 patients selected randomly, 50 of them received SDD regimen of age range of 17-79 years and the remaining received MDD regimen of age range of 13-71 years. The study was designed to evaluate the safety of SDD regimen in comparison with MDD regimen. All the patients in SDD group received a constant dose of   5-mg/kg/day of gentamicin and 20mg/kg/day of amikacin with a drug administration interval based on estimated creatinine clearance(CLcr): if â‰¥60 ml//min every 24 hours (q24h), 59- 40 ml/ min every 36hours and 39- 30 ml/min every 48 hours.The calculated dose was diluted with 0.9% normal saline or 5% dextrose to 50-100 ml and given as intravenous infusion over 30-60 minutes. In SDD group , the mean length of therapy was 6.4Â±1.73  days .Gentamicin accounted for 96% of the aminoglycoside use, and the majority(58%) of patients received the drug every 24 hours.The 36- and -48 hours intervals were used for 34 and 8% of the population, respectively.While in MDD group , the mean length of therapy was 5.0Â±0.91 days. Gentamicin accounted for all (100%) of aminoglycoside use, and all of the patients received the drug every 8 hours. No clinically apparent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity were observed in the patients in the SDD group, in contrast to the patients in MDD group, in whom 4 patients (16%) were developed nephrotoxicity and 1 patient (4%) was developed ototoxicity. The obtained results indicate that SDD regimen was safer through decreasing the incidence of both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.For statistical analysis, ANOVA test was used with P<0.01.Each mean was expressed as meanÂ±SEM(Standard Error of Mean).

Key words: Aminoglycosides, Single Daily Dose, Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity.
Isolation of Some Microorganisms from Bar Soaps and Liquid Soaps in Hospital Environments
Authors: M.H. Zeiny Sarmad
Published: March 2022

This study was designed to determine the colonization of the in-use hand washing soaps in hospital settings. It is a comparative cross-sectional research in a surgical specialties and Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. Swabs from surfaces of bar soaps and from liquid soaps via their applicator tips; at the sinks of toilets of hospital staff and working rooms of the wards were taken in January 2008. Conventional microbiologic methods were used for culture of the swabs and identification of the isolates. Colonization was detected 60% and 15.9% in bars and liquid forms respectively. And this lead to the conclusion that bar soaps could be colonized with microorganisms excessively. Liquid hand washing soaps are more appropriate in hospital environments. Proper using conditions of the hand washing items should be defined in health care settings.

Keywords: Bar soap, liquid soap, pseudomonas aeruginosa, nosocomial infections.
Dose-dependent Anti-inflammatory Effect of Silymarin in Experimental Animal Model of Acute Inflammation
Authors: M. Juma'a Kasim , A. Hussain Saad , T. Numan Intesar , H. Siqar Assad
Published: March 2022

Silymarin, a flavolignans from seeds of â€˜milk thistleâ€™ â€œSilybum marianumâ€ has been widely used from ancient times because of its excellent hepatoprotective action. It has been used clinically to treat liver disorders including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin/drug-induced hepatitis and cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease. The efficacy and dose-response effect of silymarin (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were assessed using egg albumin-induced paw edema in rats as a model of acute inflammation. In this model, 56 rats were used and allocated into 7 subgroups each containing 8 rats. All treatments were given intraperitonealy 30 minutes before induction of inflammation by egg albumin and then the increase in paw edema was measured 1h, 2h and 3h after induction of inflammation by using the vernier caliper. The results indicated that silymarin, at doses range used, significantly lowered paw edema (P<0.05) an effect comparable to that produced by the reference drugs, acetyl salicylic acid, meloxicam and dexamethazone. Paw edema suppressive effect of silymarin 250 and 500 mg/kg was comparable and both of them were significantly different from that of silymarin 125 mg/kg (P<0.05). Therefore, silymarin exert an important anti-inflammatory activity in animal model of acute inflammation, which was significantly increased as the dose increased up to 250 mg/kg.

Key words: Silymarin, acute inflammation, dose-response