bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The vision, mission, and implementation of environmental education of adiwiyata elementary school in Malang City
Authors: Utaya S , Wafaretta V
Published: July 2021

This research aims at observing and identifying the vision-mission and performance of environmental education at Adiwiyata Elementary School (Tunjung Sekar 1 and Sukun 1) in Malang City. The method of data collecting was a study of document, observation, and interview. The result of this research is: (1) The vision proclaimed by the two elementary schools is relatively similar, making the school obtain an excellent achievement in academic. Furthermore, since both elementary schools have received Adiwiyata School title, the two elementary schools also have a vision of concern for the environment. In SDN Tunjung Sekar 1, they include one more additional value within their vision, it is environmental culture. As for the mission, SDN Tunjung Sekar 1 explicitly included aspects of learning with the high portion (60%), and environmental aspects in the form of behavior and culture encouragement, and the creation of environmental education of schools that meet the ecological standards and appropriate for student age; While the mission of SDN Sukun 1 focuses more on the aspect of forming the character of students who are religious and care for the environment, and (2) The implementation of environmental education activities in both elementary school employees similar method and approach.
Elementary school students’ environmental disposition: Students’ sensitivity level toward environment
Authors: Nadiroh  , Irdiyansyah I
Published: July 2021

Environmental disposition is a part of environmental literacy dimension that has related to the attitude toward environment. One of the components is sensitivity to the environment. Environmental sensitivity should be taught by giving a good example in the school and the people around. Knowing students’ environmental sensitivity is necessary very much to decide appropriate environment subject based, curriculum and policy. The objective of the study is to describe the level of elementary school students’ environmental sensitivity. Descriptive method is used to capture and describe students’ sensitivity towards environment qualitatively and narratively. The subjects given are related to the problems found in daily life especially in the school and home around. As much as 100 students of six grade of elementary school involved as respondents. The students responded 15 statements related to the environmental issue by choosing: agree, doubt, or disagree. The result of the study shows that the students of elementary schools can be categorized as students who were sensitive towards environment around even doing the small things, but the rest of them who doubt and only a bit who ignore. The subject taught and the real example from the teachers can increase students’ environmental sensitivity level.
Continuous thermophilic composting process using heating lamps controlled by a microcontroller
Authors: Rochaeni A , Mulyatna L , Ariantara B , Fathul M , Sagrim W M
Published: July 2021

The natural composting process takes a long time because it goes through four phases of temperature levels. One of them is the thermophilic phase, where the largest rate of organic degradation occurs. The purpose of this study is to accelerate the composting process through temperature control. It was carried out using the Continuous Thermophilic Composting (CTC) method. The heating system was designed to provide the thermophilic temperature in the range of 50 - 65 °C. Arduino microcontroller was used to control the process temperature in real time. Several experiments were carried out to obtain the best design. In the first experiment, acrylic was used as the heating system wall with a 100 W incandescent lamp and a fan. The highest composting temperature produced was 38 °C on the 7thday. In the second experiment, two 100 W incandescent lamps were used to increase heat generation, and the highest composting process temperature was 41 °C. In the third experiment, 0.2 mm steel wall was used with two 100 W incandescent lamps and two fans, and the temperature of the composting process reached the thermophilic phase, namely 61°C on the 8thday.
Biogas production from household food waste using homemade bio-activator in semi-continuous digester
Authors: Raharjo S , Surianto H , Hidayatullah S I
Published: July 2021

This research aims to evaluate the performance of homemade bio-activator in processing household food waste through a semi-continuous process. It used a 214 litres capacity of an anaerobic digester that serve 8 households. Performance of digester with homemade bio-activator was compared to other commercial activators including Green Phosko (GP7), Effective Microorganisms 4 (EM4) and one digester control without activator. The pH of household food waste was set at a neutral using limestone, while the weight ratio of water and the waste was set at 2:1. There were 2 processes conducted, namely the preparation stage (batch process) and operational stage (semi-continuous process). The first stage means preparation for microbial activity in anaerobic conditions, while the latter stage means a biogas production process. Digester with homemade bio-activator displayed the best performance compared to other variations. The digester produced cumulative volume biogas of 335.7 L with methane gas production of 1.29 L/kg total solid or 1.52 L/kg of volatile solid.
Efforts to save the deli river environment with environmental education for students (study case: schools around the Deli River in Medan City Indonesia)
Authors: Rachman I , Dewi F T , Simanjuntak E , Muklis  , Akmal H , Rambe R
Published: July 2021

Indonesia is facing severe environmental problems, one of which is the problem of river water pollution caused by garbage and domestic waste. The Deli River in Medan is an example of river water pollution by organic and inorganic waste, which is a serious problem. Along with the flow of the Deli River from upstream to downstream, there are many points for illegal dumping along the river. To change the community’s mindset to become an environmentally aware society is through environmental education. Environmental education, which is carried out in schools close to the Deli River is a big effort to save the existence of the Deli River. Domestic waste and domestic waste management education are carried out in schools, involving students and teachers. Creating recycling training for students and caring for reforestation in schools by using compost from organic waste in schools is an activity to educate students to become environmentally friendly human beings, using waste as value for the use and saving the environment. Schools that carry out environmental education activities have students who have a good awareness of managing the school environment. This education could form young people who are environmentally friendly.
Optimizing laterite cement blocks in the construction of masonry using quarry dust
Authors: Tiboti P , Niyomukiza J B , Kiwanuka M , Mbujje J W , Baiga J , Hadudu A F
Published: July 2021

Laterite soils mixed with Portland cement are used worldwide in making blocks. However, due to the environmental effects associated with the high usage of cement, quarry dust proved to be a good substitute for partial replacement of Portland cement. This study investigates the optimisation of laterite-cement blocks as walling materials using quarry dust. Physical properties of experimental soil were determined, and other tests such as compressive strength, density, water absorption were conducted on sample blocks under curing periods of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The blocks comprised of different percentages of laterite soil (76%, 81%, 85% and 87%), quarry dust (9% and 10% by weight of the soil) and ordinary Portland cement (3%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of the soil. The results showed that cement content of 10% and 9% quarry dust was suitable for the block at any curing period above 7 days. The compressive strength increased with an increase in the curing period no matter the percentage of the materials used in the study. The study recommends the usage of quarry dust in cement laterite blocks. However, further investigation on other vital parameters like abrasion resistance test could be conducted.
Evaluation of cofiring application in power plant’s coal combustion
Authors: Septiani R , Huboyo H S , Sumiyati S
Published: July 2021

Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a power plant that uses coal as an energy source to generate electricity. Burning coal to produce energy will produce residues in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), as well as bottom ash and fly ash which is harmful to health and the environment. To reduce pollutant emissions, RS-PLTU has implemented a co-firing system using sawdust. After 8 months of testing, it was seen that there was a decrease in exhaust emissions which could be monitored from CEMS. The total use of sawdust was 10,313.9 tons, which was only 0.54% of the initial consumption target. While the total KWh green produced is 11,108 MWh. The sawdust used comes from the waste from the local wood industry to build the local people’s economy.
Evaluation of Carrying Capacity on Resource and Environment Based on Improved TOPSIS Method
Authors: Wang Donglin , Kong Xiangming
Published: July 2021

An improved TOPSIS method has been developed for the evaluation of carrying capacity on resource and environment in Tongliao City. In this approach, the entropy method is introduced into a TOPSIS framework. The weights of indexes are determined by the entropy method, then the results of evaluation are determined by the TOPSIS method. The improved TOPSIS method has been applied to a problem of evaluation in Tongliao City. 12 indexes are selected to reflect the carrying capacity on resource and environment in Tongliao City. The results show that the water consumption per GDP and the recycling dosage of wastewater are the highest and the lowest important indexes, respectively. The values of carrying capacity evaluation decrease from 2015 to 2019, indicating the fragile of resource and environment in Tongliao City. It could be used as a reference by decision makers for improving the measures for resource utilizilation, environment protection and sustainable development in Tongliao City.
Regional Carbon Peak Detection and Prediction – A Case Study on Fujian Province
Authors: Chen Keren , Cai Qiyuan , Zheng Nan , Li Yinan , Lin Changyong , Li Yuanfei
Published: July 2021

General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly promised the world that “we strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060”. As the first national ecological civilization experimental zone, Fujian has the ability and responsibility to become the “pioneer” and “vanguard” of national carbon emission reduction work. This paper analyzes the status of carbon emissions in Fujian Province, makes predictions on future changes in carbon emissions, and analyzes the situation of carbon peaks in Fujian. First, different source data is input into the prediction system to yield a prediction result of Fujian carbon emission from 2021 to 2060. Next, the Theil-Sen estimator is utilized to find the carbon emission trend of the past 5 years. Following this, the Mann-Kendall trend test scheme is applied to verify the “carbon peak” status of Fujian province. Finally, if the “carbon peak” is not reached yet, the slope estimation method provides anxilliary results of reaching “carbon peak”.
Experimental Study on Reinforced Soil Properties Improved by Soda Residue: Study on Resource Utilization of Industrial Soda Residue
Authors: Yan Feng , Lina Xian , Qi Tao , Junde Zhou , Bing Jiang
Published: July 2021

Soda residue is a kind of solid waste produced in soda production by ammonia-soda process. At present, researching on its large-scale application is mainly used to improve subgrade filling, cushion and other structures as civil engineering materials. In order to promote the application of reinforced soda slag improved soil in subgrade and cushion structure, the unconfined compression test of reinforced soda slag improved soil under five kinds of reinforced structure (standard specimen height, grid layer n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) was adopted. The test results show that: (1).Reinforcement can make up for the strength reduction of soda slag improved soil compared with lime improved soil; (2).After reinforcement treatment, the compressive properties of soda residue improved soil are obviously improved, for the five reinforcement forms used in the test, the strength reaches the peak value when n = 3; (3).Improving the compactness during sample preparation can effectively improve the unconfined compressive strength of reinforced soda residue improved soil sample, and reduce its anti deformation ability.
Effect on Characteristics and Unsteady Pressure Fluctuation of Circulation Correction Factor in Axial Pump
Authors: Li G P , Lu Z , Ma Z L , Chen C S , Zhang Y , Chen E Y
Published: July 2021

The blade of axial pump is twisted excessively by the constant circulation design, which gives rise to the excessive angle of attack at the blade root, reduces efficiency in low flow rates, causes larger pressure pulsation and flow excitation force, aggravates the vibration of axial flow pump. In this paper, the constant circulation correction method is used to design the impeller model of axial-flow pump, and four impeller models with different correction factor distribution at the blade root are obtained. Flow fields of axial flow pump with four different impeller models are simulated using computational fluid dynamics method. The numerical results show that the root circulation correction factor has a great influence on the pressure fluctuation. In addition, the calculation results also show that the greater the pressure fluctuation intensity is, the lower the efficiency of the axial-flow pump is.
The Feasibility Study on the Infrastructure of Swapping Battery Station for Electric Motorcycles in Thailand
Authors: Chutima Parames , Tiewmapobsuk Viranya
Published: July 2021

Thailand is a country where people rely on personal vehicles, especially conventional motorcycles which are the main source of the air pollution crisis in the country due to their emissions are containing tons of toxic gas. Hence, the Thai government announces the national strategic plan to switch from conventional fuel vehicles to electric ones by 2035. Currently, The EVs main strategic encouragements focus on electric cars charging stations which pervasive distributed in Bangkok and vicinity provinces. Since electric motorcycles(EMs)require different battery charging methods. Therefore, to be the guideline the potential solutions of these issues, the objective of this study introduces the feasibility of the occurrence of swapping battery Infrastructure for EMs based on previously successful implementation cases from several countries and the conclusion of EMs activities’ s movement from the EMs working group of Thai automotive industries association. This study proposes the entire ecosystem of electric motorcycles along with the main resources of swapping battery infrastructure for EMs. It is concluded that to accelerate the EMs adoption in Thailand, the government is the main trigger to stimuli the related affiliations.
Response of Power Load to Meteorological Factors: an Empirical Study from Anhui, China
Authors: Song Xinpei
Published: July 2021

Based on the 15min-by-15min power load in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018 and the daily meteorological data in the same period, the response of power load to climate change is analyzed. On the basis of calculating weather load rate, CDD, and HDD, multivariate regression analysis, time series linear regression analysis establishes a multivariate regression model and a time-fixing effect model of electroculation temperature response, respectively. The results show that the change of temperature has a significant effect on power load. Humidity also has a significant impact on load changes in months with warming demand. CDD and HDD play a positive role in the growth of inter-provincial power load, and the elasticity coefficient of CDD is less than that of HDD. The basic results have passed the robustness test.
Research on Optimal Power Flow Calculation Method for Multi-wind Power Distribution Network
Authors: Guo Rui , Ye Hanwen , Song Chen , Gao Wei
Published: July 2021

The comprehensive consideration of the uncertainty and correlation factors in the power system is of great significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the optimal power flow. For the edge distribution of wind speed in wind fields, the non-parametric kernel density estimation method is adopted in this paper. For the wind speed combined distribution model of multiple wind fields, due to its own characteristics and the complexity of taking the correlation into account, the vine copula function was used in this paper to construct the model. Then, the three-point estimation method is used to generate independent random vectors in the standard normal space, and based on the combined distribution model, Rosenblatt inverse transformation is used to map the random vectors into correlated wind speed vectors. Finally, 2N+1 deterministic optimal power flow calculation is completed according to the interior point method, and the probability statistics information of each state quantity of power system is obtained. Taking the actual wind speed in a certain area as an example, the combined distribution model of multiple wind fields is constructed, and the probabilistic optimal power flow calculation is carried out in the power supply system containing multiple wind fields. The simulation results show that the method presented in this paper gives consideration to the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation.
Active and Passive Voltage Arc-suppression Technology in Distribution Network
Authors: Hao BAI , Shuhui PAN , Changcheng ZHOU , Zhiyong YUAN , Lifang WU
Published: July 2021

The current arc suppression method can theoretically compensate the ground current to zero, but it can only be estimated by the inherent parameters of the system because the fault point current cannot be measured directly. The compensation effect is not easy to observe directly, and the current arc suppression method cannot adapt to the change of distribution network. Voltage arc suppression is a emerging arc suppression method. There are various problems hinder the large-scale popularization and application of the new arc suppression technology in practical applications. This article discusses the differences between active and passive voltage arc suppression principles, technical characteristics, and technical difficulties that need to be resolved, and discusses the development direction of voltage suppression technology.
Effect of Flow Rate and Concentration of Water / TiO2 Nanofluid on the Performance of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Alasmari Faisal Z , Jassim Esam I , Ahmed Faizan
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, nanofluids are plays a prominent role in enhancing the mechanism of the heat transfer. However, some nanofluids could have adverse impact on environment. The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the improvement of mixing nanoparticle (Titanium Oxide in this case) with the conventional fluid (water) on the heat exchanger performance. Various concertation of the nanoparticle and different flow rates of nanofluid are tested to observe the variation of the Number of Transfer Unit (NTU) as well as the exchanger effectiveness. Exchanger/Environment interaction is also of interest in the study. The heat transfer between the exchanger and the atmosphere is quantified at different flowrates. Results shows that presence of nanoparticle does improve the exchanger performance and such enhancement is augmented with the increase in the flowrate of the nanofluid. Mixing more particles of TiO2 ameliorates the energy interaction of the hot/cold fluids. Nevertheless, the loss of heat to the atmosphere is shown to increase.
Forecasting Hydrogen Energy Production in China base on Multi Grey Model
Authors: Geng Nana , Li Jiayan , He Yan , Gao Haiying , Zhao Shuyue
Published: July 2021

As hydrogen energy becomes an important fuel energy, the demand is also increasing. With the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry in China, the application of hydrogen energy is more and more extensive. In order to predict the hydrogen energy production in China, three grey models, GM(1, 1) model, DGM model and Grey Verhulst model, were established according to the data of hydrogen energy production in China from 2009 to 2019. Through the comparison and analysis of the predicted data, it is concluded that the Verhulst model is more accurate and more suitable for the prediction and analysis of China’s hydrogen energy production. At the same time, the prediction results also show that the hydrogen energy production prediction model established by using grey theory is feasible in practical work. According to the prediction model, China’s hydrogen energy from 2020 to 2021 will be 22.81 million tons and 22.96 million tons respectively.
Engineering Properties of Paving stones made with Bamboo ash as a Partial Replacement for Cement
Authors: Adeboje Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Modupe Abayomi Emmanuel , Fadugba Olaolu George , Busari Ayobami Adebola
Published: July 2021

Agricultural and industrial wastes are recently being considered for recycling and reuse as likely replacements for cement in the production of concrete and paving stone. Bamboo ash was evaluated as a partial replacement for cement for the production of paving stones with the intent of reducing the carbon-di-oxide emission from cement; and also to enhance environment friendliness. Paving stone is used worldwide for road paving, external works of buildings and ancillary works of embankments and drains. This study investigated the effects of replacing 5, 10 and 15% cement with bamboo ash on the compressive strength of paving stone in a mix proportion of 1:1.38:2.73 and water-cement ratio of 0.4 while the paving stones were cured for 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively. Chemical composition, setting time and standard consistency tests were done on cement; specific gravity, moisture content and sieve analysis tests were performed on aggregates while slump, bulk density and compressive strength tests were conducted on the paving stone samples. Cement recorded a 25% standard consistency; with initial setting time of 23 minutes and final setting time of 276 minutes. Cement had 61.8% Calcium Oxide (CaO) and 21.2% Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as its major oxide constituents while bamboo ash had 52.49% Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), 14.91% Calcium Oxide (CaO) and 12.71% Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) as its major oxide constituents. The sand had specific gravity (SG) of 2.55 while the granite had SG of 2.73. The marginal reduction of the compressive strength of the modified bamboo ash paving stones from those of the plain paving stones at 5 % substitution of cement with bamboo ash was achieved.
Impact Assessment of the Current Waste Management Practices in Nigeria
Authors: Noiki Ayodeji A. , Afolalu Sunday A. , Yusuf Olabisi Omolola , Emetere Moses E. , Ongbali Samson O. , Oloyede Olamilekan R , Joseph Olufunmilayo O. , Banjo Solomon O.
Published: July 2021

Waste management practices differ from nation to nation depending on the waste sources, types, and characteristics. It plays a vital role in nature’s ability to sustain life within its capability. In many developing nations of the world, it has become a recurrent challenge, especially in urban areas. Waste generation in Nigeria is on the increase due to the rise in population resulting from the techno-economic development in cities and the pattern of production and consumption of materials. The current waste management practices in the nation are fast becoming a national issue and unsustainable, leading to apparent environmental risk. This study presents a systematic review of existing literature, significant aspects of the existing novels was assessed: waste characterization, waste management practices, ecological impacts, public-private partnership, ethical issues, and legal framework and challenges militating against the current waste practices. This study shows that the existing waste management methods are ineffective and the demand for an all-inclusive waste management approach, proper execution, and enforcement of environmental regulations and laws.
Detection of Rice Plant Diseases using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Purbasari I Y , Rahmat B , Putra PN C S
Published: July 2021

Agricultural sector is the main sector that plays an important role in the national economy, from absorbing labours to playing as a contributor for foreign exchange. Indonesia is an agrarian country whose livelihood of the majority population is farming. Rice is one of the cultivation plants that becomes the staple food of most population. Thus, rice availability and its quality are factors that must be put in high consideration, either for national consumption or for export quality. This study aims to detect diseases in rice plants (by observing the leaves) that may cause a decrease in rice production or may result in bad quality rice using an artificial intelligent approach. The method used in this research is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This CNN is the result of the development of multilayer perception (MLP) which is used to manage two-dimensional data. The input from CNN is in the form of 2-dimensional data which is then propagated on a network with parameters at different weights and linear operations. CNN is one method of deep learning. The CNN method has many types of layers, namely the convolution layer, the subsampling / pooling layer, and the fully connected layer. This study uses different CNN architectures to find the best accuracy value. This study used four types of leaf diseases in rice plants with each type of disease consisting of 2,239 training image data and 168 image data. This research has succeeded in detecting diseases in leaf images automatically with the best training accuracy obtained at 91%.
Design and Development of Fuzzy Logic Control Systems on Bottled Drinking Water Pressing Equipment
Authors: Budiarto Hairil , Dafid Ach
Published: July 2021

Pressing system in drinking water in the form of glass is mostly completly in all scale production. Almost all companies large or small use this tool in its packaging. There is often a decline in the quality of bottled water caused by peeling off the lid on the package. Peeling off the lid of bottled water is caused by the pressing process when drinking water production does not match the glass material and the temperature of the pressing device. The thickness and temperature of the pressing tool as an indicator or input in obtaining pressure output (pressing) for the quality of drinking water packaging results. Therefore this study will discuss the design of control systems in the process of pressing bottled drinking water. input adalah ketebalan bahan kaca dan suhu pada proses pers. The system will be controlled using the fuzzy logic control method to obtain the value of the pressure at the system output.
Water Availability Study using NRECA Model (Embung Sei Fatimah North Kalimantan Case Study)
Authors: Trilita Minarni Nur , Suryandari Wahyu , Handajani Novie
Published: July 2021

Analysis of water availability is very much needed for the management of water resources, for example the construction of a reservoir in a certain area. To analyze the availability of water, it can be done from observational discharge data, but if the discharge data is not available, then using the runoff rain model. One model is NRECA. In this paper, a study was conducted on the availability of water in the reservoir area in Nunukan, North Kalimantan. Construction of reservoirs in the area to meet the needs of clean water in the area. The model used is NRECA. From the calculation results obtained by the availability of water with a probability of occurrence of 90% between 0.001 m3 / s - 0.012 m3 / s.
Comments on the paper “Studies on third order nonlinear optical properties of Nickel Boro Phthalate NLO crystal”
Authors: Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R , Maorajkar Sudesh M
Published: July 2021

The authors of the title paper (Mater. Res. Express 6 (2019) 116213) claim to have grown a nickel boro phthalate (NBP) crystal by the slow evaporation method. A critical analysis of the paper reveals that the so-called NBP is an improperly characterized material. A reinvestigation of the crystal growth reaction has been performed to unambiguously characterize the product. In this letter to the Editor, it is proved that nickel boro phthalate neither contains nickel nor phthalate but is, in fact, boric acid.
Local field-interaction approach to the Dirac monopole
Authors: Kang Kicheon
Published: July 2021

We introduce the local field interaction approach to Dirac magnetic monopoles. Our analysis reveals two physically different types of a monopole. The first type is free of singularity, and the field angular momentum plays an essential role in the interaction. The second type is described as an endpoint of an invisible semi-infinite flux tube (a Dirac string). Notably, a different phase factor

(
−
1
)

n

exists between the two types where n is the quantum number of the field angular momentum. Our study provides a realistic description of the two types of monopoles. Various aspects of these monopoles are discussed, including the Maxwell dual of the Dirac string, exchange symmetry, and an analogy to the Coriolis interaction.
Prioritizing greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for local governments using marginal abatement cost
Authors: Lozano Mark T , Kendall Alissa , Butt Ali A , Saboori Arash , Harvey John , Kim Changmo
Published: July 2021

Cities and other subnational jurisdictions have emerged as key agents for plans and policies to mitigate global climate change, with many presenting their strategies through climate action plans (CAPs). A critical review of CAPs from local government jurisdictions in California found that many CAPs lacked quantitative information on the economic cost and emissions reductions of proposed strategies, precluding decision-making based on the cost-effectiveness of competing policies. In response, this study develops a framework for comparing strategies based on their life cycle emissions mitigation potential and life cycle costs in a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to allow for side-by-side comparison. This framework was piloted with the cooperation of two California counties, Yolo and Los Angeles, to analyze six strategies in the transportation sector: intercity bike lanes, installation of roundabout intersections, alternative pavement rehabilitation, electric bus fleet, alternative fuel city fleet and installation of solar canopies in parking lots. Applying the life cycle approach revealed strategies that had net cost savings over their life cycle, indicating there are opportunities for reducing emissions and costs (roundabout intersections and solar canopies). The life cycle accounting processes also revealed that some emissions reduction strategies in fact increased emissions relative to no action (intercity bike lanes and alternative pavement rehabilitation). Despite the attractiveness of a life cycle-based MACC to support local government decision-making, there is the mismatch between a life cycle perspective and the annual emissions accounting used in most CAPs and associated policies. Future work should explore how to marry the life cycle and annual accounting methods and incorporate other sustainability concerns, such as equity and environmental justice, to support local decision-making.
The geometry of diagonal groups
Authors: Bailey R. , Cameron Peter , Praeger Cheryl , Schneider Csaba
Published: July 2021

Diagonal groups are one of the classes of finite primitive permutation groups occurring in the conclusion of the O’Nan–Scott theorem. Several of the other classes have been described as the automorphism groups of geometric or combinatorial structures such as affine spaces or Cartesian decompositions, but such structures for diagonal groups have not been studied in general.

The main purpose of this paper is to describe and characterise such structures, which we call diagonal semilattices. Unlike the diagonal groups in the O’Nan–Scott theorem, which are defined over finite characteristically simple groups, our construction works over arbitrary groups, finite or infinite.

A diagonal semilattice depends on a dimension 

m
m

and a group 

T
T

. For

m
=
2

m=2

, it is a Latin square, the Cayley table of 

T
T

, though in fact any Latin square satisfies our combinatorial axioms. However, for

m
⩾
3

m\geqslant 3

, the group

T
T

emerges naturally and uniquely from the axioms. (The situation somewhat resembles projective geometry, where projective planes exist in great profusion but higher-dimensional structures are coordinatised by an algebraic object, a division ring.)

A diagonal semilattice is contained in the partition lattice on a set 

Ω
\Omega

, and we provide an introduction to the calculus of partitions. Many of the concepts and constructions come from experimental design in statistics.

We also determine when a diagonal group can be primitive, or quasiprimitive (these conditions turn out to be equivalent for diagonal groups).

Associated with the diagonal semilattice is a graph, the diagonal graph, which has the same automorphism group as the diagonal semilattice except in four small cases with

m
⩽
3

m\leqslant 3

. The class of diagonal graphs includes some well-known families, Latin-square graphs and folded cubes, and is potentially of interest. We obtain partial results on the chromatic number of a diagonal graph, and mention an application to the synchronization property of permutation groups.
Assessing the Relationship Between History of Arrest and Self-reported Cardiovascular Conditions
Authors: Bellerose Meghan , Yilin Diandian , Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra L
Published: July 2021

Background

Formerly incarcerated Americans are believed to have increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, yet the impact of lower-level criminal legal system exposures, such as arrests, on cardiovascular health are less clear.

Methods

We explored the relationship between lifetime history of arrest and self-report of ever having been diagnosed with hypertension or a heart condition using data from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Survey-weighted Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, education, past year mental illness, smoking history, and past year substance use disorder, were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs).

Results

Among the 13,583 respondents, 17.0% reported a history of arrest, among whom 45.2% also reported a hypertension diagnosis and 24.4% reported a heart condition. Among those without a history of arrest, 46.7% reported a hypertension diagnosis and 25.2% reported a heart condition diagnosis. The adjusted models did not show evidence that history of arrest is associated with self-reported hypertension (adjusted PR 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93, 1.07, P = 0.937) or self-reported heart condition (1.0; 95% CI 0.91, 1.11, P = 0.915).

Conclusions

We did not find evidence that history of arrest, a lower-level criminal legal system exposure, is associated with self-reported hypertension or heart conditions.
Clustering of genes from microarray data using hierarchical projective adaptive resonance theory: a case study of tuberculosis
Authors: Zhang Xu , Kim Kiyeon , Ye Zhiqiang , Wu Jianhong , Qiao Feng , Zou Quan
Published: July 2021

We propose the hierarchical Projective Adaptive Resonance Theory (PART) algorithm for classification of gene expression data. This algorithm is realized by combing transposed quasi-supervised PART and unsupervised PART. We develop the corresponding validation statistics for each process and compare it with other clustering algorithms in a case study of tuberculosis (TB). First, we use sample-based transposed quasi-supervised PART to obtain optimal clustering results of samples distinguished by time post-infection and the representative genes for each cluster including up-regulated, down-regulated and stable genes. The up- and down-regulated genes show more than 90% similarity to the result derived from Linear Models for Microarray Data and are verified by weighted k-nearest neighbor model on TB projection. Second, we use gene-based unsupervised PART algorithm to cluster these representative genes where functional enrichment analysis is conducted in each cluster. We further confirm the main immune response of human macrophage-like THP-1 cells against TB within 2 days is type I interferon-mediated innate immunity. This study demonstrates how hierarchical PART algorithm analyzes microarray data. The sample-based quasi-supervised PART extracts representative genes and narrows down the shortlist of disease-relevant genes and gene-based unsupervised PART classifies representative genes that help to interpret immune response against TB.
Electrocorticography and stereo EEG provide distinct measures of brain connectivity: implications for network models
Authors: Bernabei John M , Arnold T Campbell , Shah Preya , Revell Andrew , Ong Ian Z , Kini Lohith G , Stein Joel M , Shinohara Russell T , Lucas Timothy H , Davis Kathryn A , Bassett Danielle S , Litt Brian
Published: July 2021

Brain network models derived from graph theory have the potential to guide functional neurosurgery, and to improve rates of post-operative seizure freedom for patients with epilepsy. A barrier to applying these models clinically is that intracranial EEG electrode implantation strategies vary by centre, region and country, from cortical grid & strip electrodes (Electrocorticography), to purely stereotactic depth electrodes (Stereo EEG), to a mixture of both. To determine whether models derived from one type of study are broadly applicable to others, we investigate the differences in brain networks mapped by electrocorticography and stereo EEG in a cohort of patients who underwent surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and achieved a favourable outcome. We show that networks derived from electrocorticography and stereo EEG define distinct relationships between resected and spared tissue, which may be driven by sampling bias of temporal depth electrodes in patients with predominantly cortical grids. We propose a method of correcting for the effect of internodal distance that is specific to electrode type and explore how additional methods for spatially correcting for sampling bias affect network models. Ultimately, we find that smaller surgical targets tend to have lower connectivity with respect to the surrounding network, challenging notions that abnormal connectivity in the epileptogenic zone is typically high. Our findings suggest that effectively applying computational models to localize epileptic networks requires accounting for the effects of spatial sampling, particularly when analysing both electrocorticography and stereo EEG recordings in the same cohort, and that future network studies of epilepsy surgery should also account for differences in focality between resection and ablation. We propose that these findings are broadly relevant to intracranial EEG network modelling in epilepsy and an important step in translating them clinically into patient care.
Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalaemia in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Smyrli Maria , Sarafidis Pantelis A , Loutradis Charalampos , Korogiannou Maria , Boletis Ioannis N , Marinaki Smaragdi
Published: July 2021

Background

Hyperkalaemia is a frequent and potentially life-threatening condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Even after successful kidney transplantation (KTx), KTx recipients have mild to severe CKD. Moreover, they share comorbid conditions and frequently use medications that predispose to hyperkalaemia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalaemia in this population.

Methods

Over a pre-specified period of 6 months (1 September 2019 to 31 March 2020), we recorded in cross-sectional fashion information on serum potassium (K+) and relevant demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory and transplant-associated variables in clinically stable KTx recipients attending the Transplant Outpatient Clinic of our Department. Ηyperkalaemia was classified as follows: serum K+ level >5.0 mEq/L; and further as >5.0 mEq/L with concomitant use of sodium (Na+) polystyrene sulphonate; serum K+ ≥5.2 mEq/L; serum K+ ≥5.5 mEq/L. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with serum K+ >5.0 mEq/L.

Results

The study population consisted of 582 stable KTx recipients, 369 (63.4%) males, aged 52.4 ± 13.5 years, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 55.8 ± 20.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 transplanted for >1 year. The prevalence of hyperkalaemia defined as K+ >5.0 mEq/L; >5.0 mEq/L and use of Na+ polystyrene sulphonate; K+ ≥5.2; or K+ ≥5.5 mEq/L, was: 22.7, 22.7, 14.4 and 4.1% (132, 132, 84 and 24 patients), respectively. In multivariate analysis, male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.020, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.264–3.227] and use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers (OR = 1.628, 95% CI 1.045–2.536) were independently associated with hyperkalaemia, while higher eGFR (OR = 0.967, 95% CI 0.955–0.979) and use of non-K+-sparing diuretics (OR = 0.140, 95% CI 0.046–0.430) were associated with lower odds of the disorder.

Conclusions

The prevalence of mild hyperkalaemia in stable KTx recipients is relatively high but that of moderate or severe hyperkalaemia is low. Among a wide range of factors studied, only male gender and RAAS blockade were associated with increased odds of hyperkalaemia, while higher eGFR and diuretics were associated with decreased odds of hyperkalaemia.
Management of post-transplant diabetes mellitus: an opportunity for novel therapeutics
Authors: Montero Nuria , Oliveras Laia , Soler Maria José , Cruzado Josep Maria
Published: July 2021

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common problem after kidney transplantation (KT), occurring in 50% of high-risk recipients. The clinical importance of PTDM lies in its impact as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) after solid organ transplantation. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) has recently updated the treatment guidelines for diabetes management in CKD with emphasis on the newer antidiabetic agents such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors as add-on therapy to metformin. Given all these new diabetes treatments and the updated KDIGO guidelines, it is necessary to evaluate and give guidance on their use for DM management in KT recipients. This review summarizes the scarce published literature about the use of these new agents in the KT field. In summary, it is absolutely necessary to generate evidence in order to be able to safely use these new treatments in the KT population to improve blood glucose control, but specially to evaluate their potential cardiovascular and renal benefits that would seem to be independent of blood glucose control in PTDM patients.
The complete mitogenome assemblies of 10 diploid potato clones reveal recombination and overlapping variants
Authors: Achakkagari Sai Reddy , Tai Helen H , Davidson Charlotte , De Jong Hielke , Strömvik Martina V
Published: July 2021

The potato mitogenome is complex and to understand various biological functions and nuclear–cytoplasmic interactions, it is important to characterize its gene content and structure. In this study, the complete mitogenome sequences of nine diploid potato clones along with a diploid Solanum okadae clone were characterized. Each mitogenome was assembled and annotated from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long reads and 10X genomics short reads. The results show that each mitogenome consists of multiple circular molecules with similar structure and gene organization, though two groups (clones 07506-01, DW84-1457, 08675-21 and H412-1 in one group, and clones W5281-2, 12625-02, 12120-03 and 11379-03 in another group) could be distinguished, and two mitogenomes (clone 10908-06 and OKA15) were not consistent with those or with each other. Significant differences in the repeat structure of the 10 mitogenomes were found, as was recombination events leading to multiple sub-genomic circles. Comparison between individual molecules revealed a translocation of ∼774 bp region located between a short repeat of 40 bp in molecule 3 of each mitogenome, and an insertion of the same in molecule 2 of the 10908-06 mitogenome. Finally, phylogenetic analyses revealed a close relationship between the mitogenomes of these clones and previously published potato mitogenomes.
Long-term 5-year outcome of the randomized IMPRESS in severe shock trial: percutaneous mechanical circulatory support vs. intra-aortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Karami Mina , Eriksen Erlend , Ouweneel Dagmar M , Claessen Bimmer E , Vis M Marije , Baan Jan , Beijk Marcel , Packer Erik J S , Sjauw Krischan D , Engstrom Annemarie , Vlaar Alexander , Lagrand Wim K , Henriques Jose P S
Published: July 2021

Aims

To assess differences in long-term outcome and functional status of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) treated by percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP).

Methods and results

Long-term follow-up of the multicentre, randomized IMPRESS in Severe Shock trial (NTR3450) was performed 5-year after initial randomization. Between 2012 and 2015, a total of 48 patients with severe CS from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with ST-segment elevation undergoing immediate revascularization were randomized to pMCS by Impella CP (n = 24) or IABP (n = 24). For the 5-year assessment, all-cause mortality, functional status, and occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) were assessed. MACCE consisted of death, myocardial re-infarction, repeat percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and stroke. Five-year mortality was 50% (n = 12/24) in pMCS patients and 63% (n = 15/24) in IABP patients (relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.47–1.59, P = 0.65). MACCE occurred in 12/24 (50%) of the pMCS patients vs. 19/24 (79%) of the IABP patients (P = 0.07). All survivors except for one were in New York Heart Association Class I/II [pMCS n = 10 (91%) and IABP n = 7 (100%), P = 1.00] and none of the patients had residual angina. There were no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction between the groups (pMCS 52 ± 11% vs. IABP 48 ± 10%, P = 0.53).

Conclusions

In this explorative randomized trial of patients with severe CS after AMI, there was no difference in long-term 5-year mortality between pMCS and IABP-treated patients, supporting previously published short-term data and in accordance with other long-term CS trials.