bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Próba materializmu
Authors: Żukowska Urszula Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównego nurtu recepcji filozofii materialistycznej Lukrecjusza w Polsce na przykładzie dzieł z epoki pozytywizmu, a także stanowisk badaczy, którzy ten temat podejmują. Ukazano, w jaki sposób pozytywizm pozostaje wierny romantycznemu duchowi w kwestii prymatu ducha i Boga nad materializmem i scjentyzmem. Ponadto w artykule zaprezentowano argumenty z dzieł Bolesława Prusa oraz Ignacego Dąbrowskiego, którym filozofia materialistyczna w Polsce musi się oprzeć. To doprowadziło do konkluzji o braku miejsca dla alternatywy wobec doktryny chrześcijańskiej.
Indigenous Ecofeminism and Literature of Matrilineage in Linda Hogan’s "Solar Storms"
Authors: Benabed Fella
Published: January 2021

Artykuł dotyczy kwestii ekofeminizmu tubylczego i literatury matrylinearnej w powieści Lindy Hogan Solar Storms. Autorka analizuje zdolność tworzenia więzi między kobietami w kontekście naprawiania zerwanych więzi bohaterki z jej środowiskiem społecznym i naturalnym. Przedstawia gynokratyczną społeczność, w której kobiety zajmują kluczową pozycję jako przywódczynie, gawędziarki czy szamanki. W powieści feminizm tubylczy krzyżuje się z ekofeminizmem, podkreślając symboliczne powiązania kobieta–natura, a także rolę kobiety w ochronie środowiska.
Voix féminines dans les romans de Frances Sheridan : du bâillonnement à la transgression
Authors: Maffre Valérie
Published: January 2021

Bohaterki powieści Frances Sheridan wydają się uosabiać wszelkie cnoty, wcielając w życie postulat skromności zgodny z oczekiwaniami formułowanymi wobec osiemnastowiecznych kobiet. Do tego stopnia potrafią  „trzymać język na wodzy”, że prozę Sheridan można na pierwszy rzut oka postrzegać niczym literacką wersję popularnych wówczas poradników dobrego wychowania. Niemniej szczegółowa analiza języka, składni, toku rozumowania i kobiecej narracji powieści Sheridan ukazuje, do jakiego stopnia powściągliwość i opanowanie bohaterek są wybrane czy wrodzone, na ile zaś zostały zewnętrznie narzucone. W wyznaniach formułowanych przez kobiety w powieściach epistolarnych Sheridan można nieraz usłyszeć inny głos, wówczas narracja przybiera formę dialogu kwestionującego pełną rezerwy postawę bohaterek.
“Finished with All That”: The Death of the Southern Lady and the Emergence of the New Woman in Ellen Glasgow’s Fiction
Authors: Lado-Pazos Vanesa
Published: January 2021

Na przestrzeni lat Ellen Glasgow uczyniła z życia kobiet temat wielu powieści. Przyjmując perspektywę gender studies, w artykule zaproponowano porównanie różnych modeli kobiecości na przykładzie głównych bohaterek trzech powieści z trzech epok: The Battle-Ground (1902), Virginia (1913) i Barren Ground (1925). Opracowanie przedstawia ewolucję kreacji kobiecych od konserwatywnego modelu kobiety z Południa do postępowego modelu nowej kobiety. Interakcja tych bohaterek z różnymi patriarchalnymi instytucjami, a także jej wynik, potwierdza wyższość modelu nowej kobiety nad modelemkobiety z Południa i przedstawia przejście Glasgow pod względem gatunkowym od powieści sentymentalnej do realistycznej.
Enhancing Non-intrusive Occupant Load Monitoring through Occupancy Matrix
Authors: Nabizadeh Rafsanjani Hamed
Published: January 2021

It has been universally accepted that energy consumption in commercial buildings is highly related to occupant behaviors. Improving occupants’ energy-use behaviors is regarded as the most cost-effective approach to enhance overall energy saving in commercial built environments. However, effective behavior intervention pursuits rely on the availability of occupant-specific energy-use information, which is extremely expensive to capture with existing technologies. In this context, the author’s previous studies proposed the non-intrusive occupant load monitoring (NIOLM) approach that captures individual occupants’ energy-consuming information at their entry and departure events in an economically feasible manner. The NIOLM assigns energy-load variations (ev) of a building to individual occupants and relies on two variables: Time delay intervals and magnitudes of ev. This paper extends the existing NIOLM concept with the inclusion of a new variable, the occupancy matrix which manifests the information of present occupants at the moment of ev. An experiment has been conducted in an office space to validate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed approach. Outcomes of this research could be a great help for studies on occupant energy-use behaviors intervention and simulation.
Preliminary Discussion on Several Problems Related to the Divisor Function
Authors: Wang Yongmin
Published: January 2021

This paper is divided into three parts to discuss the divisor function. It mainly combines the high power sum of the divisor function to study the solution number of the polynomial with integer coefficients "g(x)=0(modq)", and to improve some of the conclusions in the second chapter of Additive Theory of Prime Numbers and prove the improved conclusions.
Incidence and risk factors associated with ectopic pregnancy: a prospective study
Authors: K. M. Harish , N. Shwetha , N. Nalini
Published: January 2021

Background: Increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy and its impact on women’s fertility in recent years need significant attention.Methods: A two years prospective study from January 2018 to December 2019 conducted to determine incidence, association of risk factors with ectopic pregnancy and find the most common risk factor of ectopic pregnancy in department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, a tertiary care Hospital in Pune.Results: During the study period 100 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy. Incidence was 5.29 per 1000 births. Majority were in the age group of 20-24 years (42%), multiparous (59%) and belong to low socioeconomic state (62%). In majority of the patients (22%) no risk factors was found. Among the patients who had risk factors, the main risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were history of history of pelvic inflammatory disease (20%), previous tubal/abdominal surgery (12%), history of Infertility (10%), previous termination of pregnancy (10%), contraception with mirena IUS or IUCD in situ (8%) and a history of prior ectopic pregnancy (4%).Conclusions: In majority (78%) of patients risk factors for ectopic pregnancy was present and pelvic inflammatory disease was found to be a major risk factor for ectopic pregnancy.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 4: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para apoyar a los hijos a realizar actividades de la vida cotidiana.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 19: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra C-c y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y U-u y las consonantes M-m, N-n, L-l, S-s, F-f, T-t, B-b y D-d.
Aprendamos todos a leer: Fascículo 21: Toda la familia lee y escribe conmigo
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Silvia , De Varela Ana Lorena
Published: January 2021

"Aprendamos todos a leer" es la iniciativa para la enseñanza de lectura y escritura inicial del BID, donde a través de materiales para el alumno, el maestro y el aula de clase, pretende brindar herramientas para apoyar el proceso de alfabetización inicial. El programa se organiza a partir de una cartelera fonológica presentando para cada fonema (sonido de letra) un personaje caracterizado por un animal. En respuesta al COVID-19, se desarrollaron fascículos para apoyar el trabajo en casa. Este fascículo contiene orientaciones para enseñar el sonido y escritura de la letra Y-y y su combinación con las vocales, especialmente la A-a, E-e, I-i, O-o y U-u.
Gênero e cidades: Guia prático e interseccional para cidades mais inclusivas
Authors: Gamrani Sarah , Tribouillard Clémentine
Published: January 2021

"Gênero e Cidades: Guia Prático e Interseccional para Cidades mais Inclusivas" visa abrir um espaço de reflexão sobre as perspectivas feministas e interseccionais na concepção e gestão das cidades no Brasil. Aborda o planejamento urbano através da integração de diferentes características dos usuários da cidade como gênero, raça, orientação sexual, idade e condição física. Utilizando diferentes textos, áudios e vídeos, este guia contém introduções teóricas, exemplos de iniciativas e dicas de leituras para compreender como criar espaços e equipamentos públicos inclusivos, destacando questes como: qual é o papel da mulher no diagnóstico e na tomada de decisões na cidade? As funcionalidades dos espaços urbanos so pensadas de forma equitativa de acordo com as necessidades de cada usuário, incluindo crianças, idosos, pessoas com deficiência, pessoas LGBTQIA, pessoas de distintas etnias e raças? Como esta diversidade de usuários pode ser mais bem integrada na cidade para torná-la acessível, segura e inclusiva?
Nationalsozialistische und protofaschistische Sympathien an der Universität Freiburg i. Ü.: Die Ausweisung von Josef Spieler und die Neubesetzung des Lehrstuhls für Heilpädagogik durch Eduard Montalta
Authors: Künzler Daniel , Tschanz Christoph
Published: January 2021

Der aus Deutschland stammende Josef Spieler hatte an der Universität Freiburg in der Schweiz von 1933 bis 1945 eine Professur in „Psychologie, Pädagogik und Heilpädagogik“ inne. Diese wurde ihm 1945 entzogen und er musste wegen nationalsozialistischen Sympathien 1947 die Schweiz verlassen. Die Forschung hat diese Vorkommnisse teilweise aufgearbeitet und sich, wenngleich zögerlich, auch schweizerischen Professoren mit Sympathien für den Faschismus gewidmet. Von der Forschung vernachlässigt wurde ein Netzwerk um die Caritas, welches Spielers Wiedereingliederung in Deutschland begünstigte. Zudem ist die Einordnung von Eduard Montalta, dem Nachfolger von Josef Spieler, bis heute umstritten. Dieser Text stellt die bis heute vorgebrachte Deutung einer scharfen ideologischen Diskontinuität zwischen Josef Spieler und Eduard Montalta in Frage.
Protestzwitschern. Wie Twitter-Netzwerke zur Eskalation der G20-Proteste in Hamburg 2017 beitrugen
Authors: Hartmann Eddie , Lang Felix
Published: January 2021

Der Beitrag fragt, inwiefern das soziale Medium Twitter zur gewaltsamen Eskalation der G20-Proteste in Hamburg 2017 beigetragen hat. Die These dazu lautet, dass sich parallel zur Eskalation des Protestgeschehens auf den Straßen Hamburgs eine antagonistische Diskursdynamik in Twitter ereignet, die eine sich selbst verstärkende Spirale aus Solidarisierung und Feindbildkonstruktion begünstigt. Die vorliegende Analyse untermauert somit die inzwischen sowohl in der Protest- und Bewegungsforschung als auch in der Gewaltsoziologie gängige Annahme, dass eskalierende Konfliktverläufe notwendig mit Transformationen kognitiver Wahrnehmungs- und Deutungsmuster einhergehen, die durch ihren polarisierenden Effekt zu einem zentralen Bestandteil der Verursachungsstruktur gewaltsamer Konflikte werden.
Häusliche Gewalt – Handlung und Struktur im familialen Beziehungsgefüge
Authors: Kersten Anne
Published: January 2021

Häusliche Gewalt ist zu einem aktuellen Thema in Politik und Wissenschaft avanciert. Forschungen der letzten Jahrzehnte brachten ihr Ausmass, mögliche Ursachen und die Folgen zutage. Um die sozialpolitische Relevanz der Thematik einzuschätzen, wird vordergründig zumeist auf eine quantifizierende Perspektive abgestützt. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird argumentiert, dass eine derartige Perspektive die vielschichte Komplexität häuslicher Gewalt kaum zu fassen vermag. Wichtige Facetten häuslicher Gewalt als eines prozessualen Geschehens innerhalb je spezifischer familialer Beziehungsgefüge werden erarbeitet und diskutiert. Es wird argumentiert, dass gerade diese Beziehungsgefüge einen wichtigen Anhalts- und Ausgangspunkt bilden sollten für eine systematische und fundierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem komplexen Phänomen der häuslichen Gewalt.
Smart Fertilizer Strategy for Better Crop Production
Authors: Karthik A. , Maheswari M. Uma
Published: January 2021

Food security is one of the major concerns for all developing countries of the world. Even though we had attained the highest food production with the use of new technologies, we may not able to feed the burgeoning population adequately in coming years due to stagnant crop productivity. Natural source of nutrients like organic manures and external source of nutrients, viz. fertilizers, are considered as the two eyes in plant nutrient management. Nutrient use efficiency of fertilizer is very low due to numerous pathways of losses such as leaching, denitrification, microbial immobilization, fixation and runoff. It has been estimated that around 40-70% of nitrogen, 80-90% of phosphorus, 50-70% of potassium and more than 95% of micronutrient content of applied fertilizers are lost in to the environment and results in pollution (Kanjana, 2017). Smart fertilizers like slow and controlled release fertilizers, nanofertilizers and bioformulation fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency their by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. The use of slow and controlled release fertilizers increase nutrient use efficiency, minimize the risks like leaf burning, water contamination and eutrophication. Nano-fertilizers are the nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray (Priyanka Solangi et al., 2015). The small size, high specific surface area and reactivity of nano fertilizers increase the solubility, diffusion and availability of nutrients to plants and enhance crop productivity. Bioformulation is microbial preparations containing specific beneficial microorganisms which are capable of fixing or solubilizing or mobilizing plant nutrients for promoting plant growth and crop yield. Smart fertilizers are the better option for the farmers to increase their crop yield with low input cost in sustainable way without degrading natural environment.
Childhood homes of interior architects in Turkey
Authors: Celebi Merve , Hasirci Deniz
Published: January 2021

The design of home interiors is important for an individual, especially in childhood, when one’s character and psychological development is in progress. In this study, the aim is to explore the social and physical aspects of childhood homes of interior architects and their effects on their professional lives, and to understand the possible reflections of these special places on their current designs. Within this framework, the study was conducted with eight internationally recognised Turkish interior architects, with online interviews and sketchbooks, depending on the memories of the participants’ childhood homes, and data were obtained regarding the interpretation of these special places, as well as their influence on their current design approaches and productions. Findings included understanding which aspects of the participants’ homes were conveyed to their current productions in terms of preferences, approach and style. The results have implications on the interior architecture profession as well as interior architecture education.

 

Keywords: Childhood home environment, Turkish interior architects.
Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites
Authors:   CSIC, Spain, Fernández-Aparicio M. , Rubiales D. ,   CSIC, Spain
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then moves on to discuss host plant pre-penetration and post-penetration defence mechanisms. It concludes by emphasising the importance of developing management strategies for parasitic weed management.
Advances in understanding plant root response to nematode attack
Authors:   University of California-Davis, USA, Siddique Shahid , Jones John T. ,   The James Hutton Institute, UK,   University of St Andrews, UK
Published: January 2021

Plant parasitic nematodes are damaging pests on all crops grown across the world. They exploit plants using a range of strategies, ranging from simple browsing ectoparasitism to highly complex biotrophic endoparasites. Some nematodes induce the formation of complex feeding structures in the roots of their hosts that require extensive reprogramming of host gene expression. These changes include changes in fundamentally important plant processes, including the cell cycle. Natural resistance can be used to control plant nematodes, and great progress has been made in mapping and identifying resistance genes against nematodes. Recent work has shown that the dependence of nematodes on a feeding structure has allowed plants to evolve new mechanisms of resistance that target this structure with a toxic response.
Delivering improved phosphorus acquisition by root systems in pasture and arable crops
Authors:   CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia, Simpson Richard J. , Haling Rebecca E. ,   CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia, Graham Phillip ,   Graham Advisory, Australia
Published: January 2021

Improving low efficiency of phosphorus (P) use in agriculture is an imperative because P is one of the key nutrients underpinning sustainable intensification of food production and the rock-phosphate reserves, from which P fertilisers are made, are finite. This paper describes key soil, root and microbial processes that influence P acquisition with a focus on factors that can be managed to ensure optimal use of fertiliser, and development of root systems for improved P acquisition. A case study describes grasslands in southern Australia where the P-balance efficiency of production is very low, mainly because soils are P deficient and moderately to highly P-sorbing. Use of soluble P fertiliser, P-banding and soil testing to guide soil P management ensures effective use of P fertiliser. Progress towards improved P efficiency using pasture legumes with high P-acquisition efficiency is outlined. Development of a ‘whole-of-system’ understanding for effective P acquisition by roots is highlighted.
HEALTH AND SOCIAL SITUATION OF ECONOMIC MIGRANTS FROM UKRAINE IN WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN POLAND
Authors: Stola Krzysztof , Cybulski Marcin , Bilski Bartosz
Published: January 2021

Introduction The study presents an analysis of the health situation of economic migrants from Ukraine in Wielkopolska, Poland. It was performed using an analysis of the social and legal situation of economic migrants from Ukraine in Poland. The results were compared with the available statistical data on the health situation of the population in Poland and the European Union. Aim The main purpose of the article is to present and analyse the health and socioeconomic situation of economic migrants from Ukraine in Wielkopolska, Poland. Material and methods The study was conducted in the form of a standardised survey on a sample of 793 migrants from Ukraine in 2017 and 2018. This research was done during preventive health medicine examinations with a focus on the physical and mental condition of employees and their fitness for work. Results The majority of the respondents described their health situation as good (78.31%) or very good (7.06%). According to the conducted research, Ukrainian migrants are at risk of cancer and smoking-related diseases since 9.71% of the surveyed people admitted to smoking. Additionally, a more in-depth survey on 330 immigrants from Ukraine showed that more than 40% of them are at risk of civilization diseases related to obesity or excessive body mass. Conclusions Our comparison of the data collected during the study with the publicly available statistics in Poland and the European Union suggests that economic migrants from Ukraine are not more susceptible to civilization diseases than the residents of Poland and European Union
Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA)
Authors: Penkaitis Gabriela , Imbernon Rosely Aparecida Liguori , Vasconcelos Clara Maria da Silva de
Published: January 2021

O Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA) é uma política implantada a partir do Código Florestal de 2012, como incentivo à manutenção da vegetação e/ou recuperação de áreas de proteção permanente em áreas rurais. O Programa “Produtor de Água” é uma parceria entre atores da gestão pública federal, estadual e municipal, entidades não governamentais, produtores rurais e iniciativa privada, na proteção hídrica no país, para conservação do solo e água, redução da erosão e assoreamento dos mananciais nas áreas rurais, mediante adoção de práticas e manejos sustentáveis. A avaliação do conhecimento geocientífico dos atores envolvidos adotou referencial metodológico qualitativo, em estudo de caso do Programa em Salesópolis, São Paulo. Os resultados de entrevistas semiestruturadas e oficina de mapeamento socioambiental apontaram a pouca (ou nenhuma) noção dos agentes acerca de boas práticas de uso do solo e recuperação das áreas degradadas, preservação de solos e outros temas relacionados ao conhecimento geocientífico.
PENGARUH AGROFORESTRI TERHADAP KUALITAS DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CILIWUNG HULU, JAWA BARAT (Impact of agroforestry on the quality of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed, West Java)
Authors:   Jurusan Arsitektur Lanskap, Fakultas Arsitektur Lanskap dan Teknologi Lingkungan, Universitas Trisakti, Fitri Rini , Permatasari Putri Hartoyo Adisti , Intan Mangunsong Nur , satriawan Halus ,   Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB University),   Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Almuslim
Published: January 2021

Ekosistem Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) akan stabil jika hubungan antar komponen DAS stabil. Gangguan ekologis dan biofisik DAS terkait erat dengan terganggunya komponen ekosistemnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisisketerkaitan hubungan agroforestri dengankualitas DAS dari segi erosi,CN danretensi air potensial.Penelitian ini dilakukanmelaluitahapan survei lapang dan wawancara responden untuk memperoleh data praktek agroforestri, komponen penyusun tipe agroforestri dan kondisi biofisik. Prediksi erosi menggunakan persamaan Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), sedangkan analisis CN menggunakan persamaan empiris untuk memperkiraan aliran permukaan akibat hujan, perubahan tutupan lahan dan kelompok hidrologi tanah. Nilai CNdiperoleh berdasarkan peta jenis tanah dan peta tutupan lahan, nilai retensi potensial (S), danfaktor curah hujan (P). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri mempengaruhi kualitas pengelolaan lanskap DAS, baik erosi, CNmaupunretensi air potensial. Erosi, CN danretensi air potensial memiliki hubungan kuantitatif dengan berbagai tipe agroforestri.Nilai kelompok hidrologi tanah (KHT) pada tipe agroforestri lanskap DAS Ciliwung Hulu Provinsi Jawa Barat didominasi oleh KHT B. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas infiltrasi di lokasi penelitian berada pada tingkat sedang. Nilai CN yang didapat bervariasi antara 44 – 78.
O entrelugar do aprendizado escolar de História: uma perspectiva de História Pública
Authors: Wanderley Sonia
Published: January 2021

Em um contexto marcado pela desconfiança ou mesmo descrédito em relação às explicações oferecidas pela ciência para os problemas contemporâneos, como dar sentido social ao aprendizado histórico escolar? A discussão aqui apresentada tenta entender sua potência transformadora exatamente pelo entrelugar que considera que ele ocupe - entre a metódica da ciência histórica e o diálogo crítico que realiza com os sentidos de orientação de narrativas históricas produzidas pela cultura histórica. Como um debate didático da história escolar, incorporando noções e conceitos do campo de pesquisa do ensino de história no Brasil e da sociologia de Boaventura dos Santos, o texto constrói a hipótese de que aprender história significa ir ao encontro de uma educação verdadeiramente humanista.
Analisis Perbandingan Dosis Keluaran Berkas Radiasi Pesawat Co-60 Merek Theratron Phoenix Dari Perubahan Nilai Panjang Dan Lebar Persegi Panjang Pada Luas Lapangan Yang Sama
Authors: Nabilla Alya , Milvita Dian , Mursiyatun Mursiyatun
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Research has been carried out on the comparative analysis of the radiation dose of the Co-60 with the theratron phoenix by two stages, first to analyze the output dose according to the recommendations of the TRS 398 IAEA protocol with a field of 10 cm x 10 cm, a depth of 5 cm and SSD 80. cm, which aims to calculate the output factor, the second is to analyze the ratio of the output dose of changes in the value of length and width of the rectangle on the same field with five variations of the field, the results are compared according to the quality assurance by the AAPM TG 40. The results showed that the error value in the 10 cm x 10 cm, the error value was 0.05%, 5 cm x 6 cm, the error value for each change value was 0.426%, 0, 106%, 0.530%. 5 cm x 8 cm : 0.211%, 0.210%, and 0.419%. 5 cm x 13 cm : 0.207%, 0.311%, 0.104%. 6 cm x 12 cm : 0.206%. 6 cm x 19 cm : 0.610%, 0.713%, 0.102%. The value is still within the tolerance limit of the Co-60 AAPM TG 40 quality assurance protocol 2%.

Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis perbandingan dosis keluaran berkas radiasi pesawat Co-60 merek theratron phoenix, penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, pertama menganalisis dosis keluaran sesuai dengan rekomendasi protokol TRS 398 IAEA dengan luas lapangan 10 cm x 10 cm, kedalaman 5 cm dan SSD 80 cm, yang bertujuan untuk menghitung faktor keluaran yang akan digunakan pada tahap selanjutnya, kedua menganalisis perbandingan dosis keluaran dari perubahan nilai panjang dan lebar persegi panjang pada luas lapangan yang sama dengan lima variasi luas lapangan, hasilnya dibandingkan sesuai dengan quality assurance yang dikeluarkan protokol AAPM TG 40 untuk Co-60. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai error atau deviasi pada luas lapangan 10 cm x 10 cm nilai error sebesar 0,05%, luas lapangan 5 cm x 6 cm nilai error terhadap masing-masing nilai perubahan sebesar 0,426%, 0, 106%, 0,530%. Luas lapangan 5 cm x 8 cm nilai error sebesar 0,211%, 0,210%, dan 0,419%. Luas lapangan 5 cm x 13 cm nilai error sebesar 0,207%, 0,311%, 0,104%. Luas lapangan 6 cm x 12 cm nilai error sebesar 0,206%. Luas lapangan 6 cm x 19 cm nilai error sebesar 0,610%, 0,713%, 0,102%. Nilai masih berada dalam batas toleransi quality assurance Co-60 protokol AAPM TG 40 yaitu 2%.
Efficacy and Acceptability of Parent-only Group Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Treatment of Anxiety disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yin Bangmin , Teng Teng , Tong Lyu , Li Xuemei , Fan Li , Zhou Xinyu , Xie Peng
Published: January 2021

Background: Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent mental disorder among children and adolescents, causing significant psychosocial problems and physical health conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. And parent-only CBT is an alternative treatment for childhood anxiety disorder, which includes psychologists and parents rather than children in the treatment. As a new type of CBT, parent-only CBT has some advantages. However, it remains unclear whether parent-only CBT interventions are effective for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.Methods: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy (the mean change scores of the anxiety rating scale from baseline to post-treatment，standardized mean difference SMD) and acceptability（the proportion of patients in the treatment group who withdrew from treatment early for any reason， risk ratios RRs） of parent-only cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with anxiety disorder. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, ProQuest, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing parent-only CBT either with waitlist (WL), or CBT with parents in children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.Results: Finally, six RCTs with 407 participants were included in the meta-analyses. In terms of efficacy, pooled analyses indicated that parent-only CBT was significantly more effective than WL for reducing anxiety symptoms with SMD of −0.72 (95% CI −1.41 to −0.03, p = 0.04), and more remission rate with RR of 4.33 (37.96% vs. 6.85%, 95% CI 1.82 to 10.27, p = 0.0009) at post-treatment. And our analyses showed no evidence that parent-only CBT had significantly greater efficacy than CBT with parents with SMD of 0.21 (95% CI −0.09 to 0.50, p = 0.17). Acceptability in the parent-only CBT group was not significantly different to the WL group with RR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.62, p = 0.77), and was significantly worse than in the CBT with parents group with RR of 1.93 (95% CI 1.05 to 3.57, p = 0.03).Conclusions: Current evidence indicates that parent-only CBT can be an alternative and acceptable intervention for treating children and adolescents with anxiety disorder.
Nursing Instructors’ Perception of Clinical Education Competencies: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Beiranvand Shourangiz , Kermanshahi Sima Mohammad  Khan , Memarian Robabeh
Published: January 2021

Background: Clinical education competencies are a core requirement for clinical nurse instructors, contributing toward better the learning outcomes of students in the clinical settings. Awareness of nursing instructor's perception is essential for designing nursing professional development programs. This study aimed to explore nursing clinical instructors’ perception of the essential competencies for clinical education. Methods: A qualitative design, based on the content analysis approach was used. Eighteen clinical nursing instructors and five nursing students from Lorestan University of Medical Science(LUMS), were selected via a purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using a semi structured in-depth interview method, from October 2018 to February 2019. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with using Graneheim and Lundman methods. Results: Analysis of nursing instructors' perceptions of clinical education competencies identified four main categories and eight sub-categories. The main categories included; (I) tasks oriented education; (II) guiding and supporting nursing students; (III) organizing communication skills and (IV) professional-ethical role modeling Conclusions Although academic clinical faculties and part time clinical nursing instructors reported a high level of knowledge and confidence in their ability to establish communication skills, role modeling and nursing students’ supervision, Part time clinical nursing instructors, also identified the need for additional support for their clinical teaching roles. They were not prepared enough for clinical teaching roles; their perception of clinical educational skills was tasks oriented education. The development, implementation, and evaluation of curriculum based on clinical competency with structured mentoring processes for part time clinical nursing instructors are recommended, in order to meet the knowledge gap that has been created.
Effectiveness of Indapamide/amlodipine Single-pill Combination in Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Post-hoc Analysis of the ARBALET Study
Authors: Kobalava Zh , Kolesnik Eteri , Shavarova E , Goreva L , Karapetyan L
Published: January 2021

Background: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of treatment with an indapamide/amlodipine single-pill combination (SPC) in outpatients with uncontrolled ISH aged over 55 years in real-life clinical practice.Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the subgroup of patients with ISH from ARBALET, a 3-month, multicenter, observational, open-label study conducted in Russia among patients with grade I or II hypertension who were either uncontrolled on previous antihypertensive treatment or treatment-naïve. The effectiveness of indapamide/amlodipine SPC was assessed by the change in office systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the rate of target SBP (<140 mmHg) achievement at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months, in four age groups: 55-59 years, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80 years or older.Results: The ARBALET study recruited 2217 patients, of whom 626 had ISH and were included in this post-hoc analysis (mean age 66.1±7.8 years; 165 men [26.36%] and 461 women [73.64%]). Target SBP <140 mmHg was achieved in 43%, 75% and 93% of patients at 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months, respectively. SBP decreased from baseline by 18.8±10.5 mmHg, 27.2±10.6 mmHg and 31.8±9.9 mmHg at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months, respectively. In the groups of patients aged 55-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years, SBP reductions at 3 months compared with baseline were -30.3±9.4, -32.4±9.7, -32.5±10.7, and -28.9±9.6 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion: This post-hoc analysis of the observational ARBALET study showed that indapamide/amlodipine SPC was associated with significant reductions in BP and high rates of target BP achievement in a broad age range of patients with ISH treated in routine clinical practice.Trial registration number: ISRCTN40812831
Meaningful Activities During COVID-19 and Association With Mental Health in Belgian Adults.
Authors: Cruyt Ellen , De Vriendt Patricia , de Velde Dominique Van , Oostra Kristine , De Letter Miet , De Pauw Robby , Calders Patrick , Vlerick Peter , Rodriguez-Bailón Maria , Szmalec Arnaud , Merchán-Baeza Jose , Fernández-Solano Ana , Vidaña-Moya Laura
Published: January 2021

Background: The spread of COVID-19 has affected people’s daily lives and the lockdown may have led to a disruption of daily activities and a decrease of people’s mental health. Aim: To identify correlates of adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium and to assess the role of meaningful activities in particular. Methods: A cross-sectional web survey for assessing mental health (General Health Questionnaire), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), meaning in activities (Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey) and demographics was conducted between April 24 and May 4, 2020. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify key correlates. Results: Participants (N=1781) reported low mental health (M=14.85/36). In total, 42.4% of the variance in mental health could be explained by variables such as gender, having children, living space, marital status, health condition, and resilience (β= -.33). Loss of meaningful activities was strongly related to mental health (β= -.36) and explained 9% incremental variance (R2 change= .092, p<.001) above control variables.Conclusions: The extent of performing meaningful activities during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium is positively related to adults’ mental health. Insights from this study can be taken into account during future lockdown measures in case of pandemics.
Hydropathicity-Based Prediction of Pain-Causing NaV1.7 Variants
Authors: Xenakis Markos , Kapetis Dimos , Yang Yang , Gerrits Monique , Heijman Jordi , Waxman Stephen , Lauria Giuseppe , Faber Catharina , Westra Ronald , Lindsey Patrick , Smeets Hubert
Published: January 2021

Background: Mutation-induced variations in the functional architecture of the NaV1.7 channel protein are causally related to a broad spectrum of human pain disorders. Predicting in silico the phenotype of NaV1.7 variant is of major clinical importance; it can aid in reducing costs of in vitro pathophysiological characterization of NaV1.7 variants, as well as, in the design of drug agents for counteracting adhere pain symptoms.Results: In this work, we utilize spatial complexity of hydropathic eﬀects toward predicting which NaV1.7 variants cause pain (and which are neutral) based on the location of its mutation site within the NaV1.7 structure. For that, we analyze topological and scaling hydropathic characteristics of the atomic environment around NaV1.7’s pore and probe their spatial correlation with mutation sites. We show that pain-related mutation sites occupy structural locations in proximity to a hydrophobic patch lining the pore while clustering at a critical hydropathic-interactions distance from the selectivity ﬁlter (SF). Taken together, these observations can diﬀerentiate pain-related NaV1.7 variants from neutral ones, i.e., NaV1.7 variants not causing pain disease, with 80.5% sensitivity and 93.7% speciﬁcity [area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.872]. Conclusions: Our ﬁndings suggest that maintaining hydrophobic NaV1.7 interior intact, as well as, a ﬁnely-tuned (dictated by hydropathic interactions) distance from the SF might be necessary molecular conditions for physiological NaV1.7 functioning. The main advantage for using the presented predictive scheme is its negligible computational cost, as well as, hydropathicity-based biophysical rationalization.
The Onset of the Last Interglacial and Fingerprints of Transient Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Gierz Paul , Knorr Gregor , Govin Aline , Capron Emilie , Sokolova Nadezhda , Werner Martin , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: January 2021

Transitions from glacials to interglacials are the largest climate shifts that occurred during the Quaternary. These glacial terminations are characterized by transient changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and associated alterations in the northward heat transport. It has been a challenge to differentiate between early last interglacial or late penultimate glacial climate conditions at 129-131 ka (thousands of years before present). Neither simulations with a stable interglacial-type nor with a freshwater perturbed AMOC state have reproduced the reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) fingerprint in the North Atlantic. As previous approaches failed to consider the highly transient nature of the climate system at ~130 ka, the potential of transient, deglaciating AMOC responses and the corresponding impact on North Atlantic SST has yet to be examined. In this study, we employ a fully coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) equipped with a stable-oxygen isotope module to investigate the underlying AMOC dynamics at the onset of the Last Interglacial (LIG). We demonstrate that successfully capturing both the SST patterns and the calcite δ18O signature in planktonic foraminifera from North Atlantic marine sediment cores necessitates a transiently recovering AMOC. Furthermore, this critically depends on capturing the cold, glacial ocean state prior to the onset of the interglacial.
Effects of Cognition and Affect on Preventive Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Shen Fei , Min Chen , Lu Ye , Chu Yajie
Published: January 2021

Background: The global outbreak of COVID-19 has become an international public health crisis. Specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19 are not yet available, and prevention is of particular importance to fighting the virus. This study tends to explore and compare the roles of cognitive and affective factors in predicting preventive behavior adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.Methods: An online survey using a quota sampling method to collect responses from 3,000 Chinese adults was conducted from March 2, 2020 to March 23, 2020. Questions included sociodemographic features, coronavirus knowledge, negative emotion, risk perception, and behavioral responses. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of behavioral responses toward COVID-19.Results: On average, respondents had low levels of knowledge about COVID-19 (the overall correct response rate was 7.5 percent). Most respondents reported moderate to strong negative emotions towards the virus (3.47 out of 5). The average reported perceived chance of infection was 23.89%. For behavioral responses, respondents reported low frequencies of going out for activities (1.98 out of 4) and high frequencies of taking preventive measures (3.22 out of 4). Behavioral responses toward COVID-19 were found to be determined by cognitive and affective variables. Knowledge was negatively related to frequency of going out for activities (β=-0.11, p<.001). Negative emotion (β=0.34, p<.001), and risk perception (β=0.05, p=.007) were positively associated with going out for activities. The explanatory power of affective variables (ΔR2=12.1%) was greater than cognitive variables (ΔR2 =1.0%). For preventive behaviors, knowledge was positively associated with preventive behaviors (β=0.22, p<.001). Negative emotion (β=-0.28, p<.001) and risk perception (β=-0.05, p=.002) were all negatively associated with preventive measures. Affective variables still showed stronger explanatory power (ΔR2=8%) than cognitive variables (ΔR2=4.4%) in predicting preventive behaviors. Conclusions: After the rising period of the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, cognitive and affective variables still played important roles in predicting behavioral responses. Compared with cognitive factor, affective factors demonstrated stronger explanatory power in predicting behavioral responses towards COVID-19. The findings may have implications for enhancing individual compliance with guidelines of adopting preventive behaviors in response to COVID-19.
Perceived Need for Treatment and Non-utilization of Outpatient Psychotherapy in Old Age: Two Cohorts of a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Gellert Paul , Lech Sonia , Kessler Eva-Marie , Herrmann Wolfram , Döpfmer Susanne , Balke Klaus , Oedekoven Monika , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Schnitzer Susanne
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Older adults with mental health problems may benefit from psychotherapy; however, their perceived need for treatment in relation with rates of non-utilization of outpatient psychotherapy as well as predisposing, enabling, and need factors proposed by Andersen’s Model of Health Care Utilization that account for these differences warrants further investigation.Method: We used two separate cohorts (2014 and 2019) of a German weighted nationwide telephone survey of German-speaking adults with N=12,197 participants. Across the two cohorts, 12.9% (weighted) reported perceived need for treatment for mental health problems and were selected for further analyses. Logistic Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) was applied to model the associations between disposing (age, gender, single habiting, rural residency), enabling (education, general practitioner visit, general health status) non-utilization of psychotherapy (outcome) across cohorts in those with need for treatment (need factor).Results: In 2014/2019, out of 6,087/6,110 participants, 11.8%/14.0% reported perceived need for treatment due to mental health problems, which reflects a significant increase in prevalence from 2014 to 2019. Of those who reported perceived need for treatment, 36.4%/36.9% did not see a psychotherapist – where rates of non-utilization of psychotherapy were vastly higher in the oldest age (59.3/52.5%; 75+) category, than in the youngest (29.1/10.7%; 18-25 years). Concerning factors associated with non-utilization, multivariate findings indicated participation in the cohort of 2014 (OR 0.94), older age (Age 55-64 OR 1.02, Age 65-74 OR 1.47, Age 75+ OR 4.76), male gender (OR 0.83), lower educational status (OR 0.84), rural residency (OR 1.38), single habiting (OR 1.37), and seeing a GP (OR 1.39) to be related with non-utilization of psychotherapy; general health status was not significantly associated with non-utilization when GP contact was included in the model.Conclusion: There is a strong age effect in terms of non-utilization of outpatient psychotherapy. Individual characteristics of both healthcare professionals and patients and structural barriers may add to this picture. Effective strategies to increase psychotherapy rates in those older adults with unmet needs for treatment are required.
Respiratory Adaptation to Climate in Upper Palaeolithic Modern Humans: The Case of Sungir and Mladeč.
Authors: Stansfield Ekaterina , Mitteroecker Philipp , Vasilyev Sergey , Vasilyev Sergey , Butaric Lauren
Published: January 2021

When our human ancestors migrated out of Africa, they faced a considerably harsher climate, but the extent to which human cranial morphology has adapted to climate is still debated. In particular, it remains unclear when such facial adaptations arose in human populations. Here, we explore climate-associated features of face shape in a worldwide modern human sample using 3D geometric morphometrics and a novel application of reduced rank regression. Based on these data, we assess climate adaptations in two crucial Upper Palaeolithic human fossils, Sungir and Mladeč, both of which have been archaeologically associated with a boreal-to-temperate climate. We found several aspects of face shape, especially the relative dimensions of the external and internal nose as well as of the maxillary sinuses, that are strongly associated with temperature and humidity, even after accounting for auto-correlation due to geographical proximity of populations. For these features, both fossils revealed adaptations to a dry environment, with Sungir being strongly associated with cold and Mladeč with warm-to-hot temperatures. As both fossils are dated among the earliest recent modern humans in Europe, our results suggest a relatively fast rate of climate adaptation in human respiratory morphology.