bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of school-based hygiene intervention programme: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ismail Sophia Rasheeqa , Radzi Ranina , Megat Kamaruddin Puteri Sofia Nadira , Lokman Ezarul Faradianna , Lim Han Yin , Abdul Rahim Nusaibah , Yow Hui Yin , Arumugam Daarshini , Ngu Alex , Low Annie Ching Yi , Wong Eng Hwa , Patil Sapna , Madhavan Priya , Nordin Ruslin Bin , van der Werf Esther , Lai Nai Ming
Published: October 2024

Children are susceptible to infections due to frequent participation in school group activities and their often-suboptimal hygiene practices. Frequent infections in children affect school attendance, academic performances, and general health. The effectiveness of school-based hygiene-related intervention programmes need to be informed by updated high-quality synthesised evidence. In this systematic review, we searched PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomised and non-randomised interventional studies that evaluated school-based hygiene-related interventions. We assessed risk-of-bias (Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool), performed random-effect meta-analysis (RevMan 5.4) and rated certainty-of-evidence (GRADE). Thirty-nine trials (41 reports), published from 2011 to 2024 from 22 countries were included. Twenty-three studies contributed data for meta-analysis. All school-based interventions were compared with standard curriculum and demonstrated very low to low certainty-of-evidence due to study methodological limitations and imprecision. Hand-body hygiene interventions may improve knowledge, attitudes and practices (SMD 2.30, 95%CI 1.17 to 3.44, 6 studies, 7301 participants), increase handwashing practices (RR 1.75, 95%CI 1.41 to 2.17, 5 studies, 5479 participants), and reduce infection-related absenteeism (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.66 to 0.83, 5 studies, 1017852 observations). Genital hygiene interventions may improve attitude (SMD 6.53, 95%CI 2.40 to 10.66, 2 studies, 2644 participants) and practices (RR 2.44, 95%CI 1.28 to 4.68, 1 study, 1201 participants). However, intervention effects on oral hygiene appeared mixed, with worsening of the oral hygiene score (SMD 3.12, 95%CI 1.87 to 4.37, 2 studies, 652 participants) but improved dental hygiene (SMD -0.33, 95%CI -0.53 to -0.13, 3 studies, 4824 participants) and dental caries scores (SMD -0.34, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.16, 4 studies, 2352 participants). Limited evidence suggests that interventions targeting hand-body and genital hygiene practices may improve knowledge, practices, and infection-related absenteeism. However, the effects on oral hygiene intervention appeared mixed. Future research should strengthen randomisation and intervention documentation, and evaluate hygiene-related behaviour, academic performances and health outcomes.
Differences in SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence at the end of the pre-vaccination period between age groups: A cross-sectional analysis of the multi-ethnic population-based HELIUS study
Authors: Bolijn Renee , Spijkerman Annemieke M. W. , Galenkamp Henrike , Blokstra Anneke , Coyer Liza , Boyd Anders , Prins Maria , Stronks Karien
Published: October 2024

Background

During the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) was lower in older compared to younger adults. We studied age group differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, across ethnic groups, and assessed the explanatory value of factors that increase the exposure to the virus, and factors related to susceptibility, given the level of exposure.

Methods

We analysed cross-sectional data from 2,064 participants from the multi-ethnic HELIUS study (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence at the second wave of infections was compared between age groups (<40, 40–54, and ≥55 years), within ethnic groups, using Poisson regression with robust standard errors. To determine whether age group differences were explained by differences in exposure and in susceptibility, we sequentially adjusted for exposure (job setting, occupation level, health literacy, household size, household member with suspected infection), education level, and susceptibility (vitamin D intake, BMI, systolic blood pressure, haemoglobin level, number of comorbidities).

Results

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence did not statistically differ across age groups (p>0.05), but age patterns varied across ethnic groups. Age group differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were most pronounced in the Dutch majority group, with the highest prevalence ratio in the youngest group (2.55, 95%CI 0.93–6.97) and the lowest in the oldest group (0.53, 95%CI 0.16–1.74), compared to the middle-aged group. In ethnic minority groups, age group differences were smaller. In all groups, patterns did not substantially change after adjustments for exposure and susceptibility variables.

Conclusion

We found no evidence of age group differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, particularly for ethnic minority groups, even when accounting for exposure and susceptibility. While early prevention strategies particularly aimed at protecting older adults against SARS-CoV-2 infections, seroprevalence was similar across age groups in ethnic minority groups. Thus, older adults in ethnic minority groups may pose a target group for additional prevention strategies for future infectious disease outbreaks.
Patterns of diabetes mellitus by age, sex, and province among Iranian Hajj pilgrims and health care delivery during 2012–2022: A retrospective study of 469,581 participants
Authors: Kolivand Pirhossein , Saberian Peyman , Saffari Hossein , Doroudi Taher , Marashi Ali , Behzadifar Masoud , Karimi Fereshteh , Rajaei Soheila , Raei Behzad , Ehsanzadeh Seyed Jafar , Parvari Arash , Azari Samad
Published: October 2024

Objective

Hajj is among the oldest pilgrimages in the world, there is a limited study that evaluates the epidemiological pattern of Diabetes Mellitus [1] and the medical care required and provided to pilgrims. The present study assessed the prevalence and pattern of DM in Iranian pilgrims from 2012–22.

Method

All demographic information, risk factors, and the prevalence of DM were extracted from the database and medical records of the Hajj Pilgrimage Medical Centre, Iranian Red Crescent Society through file reading. Also, to investigate the effect of the risk factors considered in the study, the multiple logistic regression model was used.

Results

The present study included data from 469,581 Hajj pilgrims. Most pilgrims were in the age group of 45 to 70 years (73.25%). The prevalence of diabetes in patients over 70 years old was the highest (16.73%). The prevalence of DM was estimated at 14.64% in women and 12.51% in men. The lowest DM prevalence was in Lorestan (7.81%), North Khorasan (9.07%), Sistan and Baluchistan (9.29%), and Hamedan (9.41), respectively. The highest prevalence rate was in Khuzestan (20.12%), Yazd (19.14), and Mazandaran (17.55), respectively. Our analysis reveals that, for instance, with each yearly increase in the age of the pilgrims (assuming other variables remain constant), the odds of having DM increase by 0.04. For the gender, the odds of having DM among women is 0.33 higher than among men, when the other variable is constant.

Conclusions

The study results show a significant difference in the prevalence of diabetes in age, gender, and distribution in different provinces. Therefore, appropriate screening, diagnosis, and management by primary care physicians are necessary to prevent adverse health outcomes and reduce the economic burden of mortality and morbidity.
Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans for Radiation Safety Management in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Min Young , Kim Ji Woo , Oh Ga Eun , Son Geon Woo , Kim Kwang Pyo
Published: October 2024

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans in the Republic of Korea have spiked, reaching approximately 9 million examinations annually in 2017. CT provides significant medical benefits, but radiation exposure remains a concern. This study aims to analyze CT scans in Korea, as a basis study for radiation safety management.Materials and Methods: The raw data of total CT scans was obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and analyzed by CT scan type, patients’ age and sex, and medical facility type. CT scans trends were analyzed considering the disease incidence.Results and Discussion: In 2017, CT scans accounted for 8,977,300. Usage per capita was 0.18 in males and 0.17 in females. CT scans increased with age until the 50- to 59-year-old groups, then decreased. CT scans were high in abdominal/pelvic (35%), chest (26%), and head (22%) regions due to higher disease rates. Head CT was most frequently used for infants and children. Abdominal/pelvic, chest, and spine CT were more frequent for older groups. The CT scans in the upper and lower extremities was high in child and juvenile groups. Chest and abdominal/pelvic CTs were higher in males, whereas spine, whole spine, and CT densitometry were higher in females. The proportion of CT scans of tertiary and general hospitals, hospitals, and clinics accounted for ≥80%, 13%, and 5%, respectively. Abdomen/pelvis, chest, and head/ neck CTs were mostly conducted in tertiary and general hospitals, spine CT in hospitals and clinics, extremity CT in hospitals, and CT densitometry in clinics.Conclusion: The trend of CT scans varied based on the incidence rate for each patient’s sex and age, and serious illness diagnosis by medical facility type. The results of this study provide data and guidance for evaluating the radiation exposure of the Korean population by CT and developing management policies for medical radiation safety.
Comparison of Specific Exemption Regulations for Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Isotopes
Authors: Shin Jimin , Bang Yeijin , Seo Hee , Park Byeonghyeon , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Minkyung , Lee Sangmin
Published: October 2024

Background: Practices involving radionuclides at levels below the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) generic exemptions are exempt from regulation without further consideration. Practices involving radionuclides at levels above those generic exemptions may also be exempt from regulation if they meet certain conditions. These are known as specific exemptions, and each country has established its own specific exemption criteria based on the conditions set out in the IAEA General Safety Requirements (GSR) Part 3. Those conditions relate to the physical or chemical form of the radioactive material as well as to its use or the means of its disposal.Materials and Methods: The specific exemption criteria of eight countries (i.e., the United States of America [US], Japan, France, China, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [UK], and Germany) were analyzed. Their similarities and differences as compared with the specific exemption criteria of the Republic of Korea (ROK) were analyzed, and suggestions for revision of the Korean regulations were formulated.Results and Discussion: Each country’s specific exemption criteria are defined based mostly on the IAEA criteria but tailored to its domestic circumstances. The nine countries with their specific exemption criteria can be broadly categorized into three groups: nuclide-specific exemptions for specific products (the ROK and the US), common criteria for all nuclides without specification of particular products (Japan, France, and China), and both specific and common criteria (Australia, Canada, the UK, and Germany).Conclusion: The specific exemption criteria of the different countries examined in this study could be helpful in reviewing the ROK’s specific exemption criteria. Development of common criteria alongside specific criteria for products requiring special attention may be a good way to determine whether new consumer products containing radioisotopes should be regulated.
Differential Biochemical Content and Free Radical Scavenging Potency of Three Solvent Extracts of Porodaedalea pini
Authors: E Riji , Naik Dr. Prashantha , V Shakeela
Published: October 2024

Porodaedalea pini, a non-edible mushroom, is a notable source of bioactive compounds with traditional medicinal uses. Solvent selection is crucial in research and development of natural products. This study examined how solvent polarity affects the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of P. pini. Crude extracts were prepared from whole mushrooms using chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate through cold extraction. Total carbohydrate, flavonoid, and phenolic contents were measured, and free-radical scavenging activities against DPPH and superoxide anion were assessed by employing standard protocols. Methanolic extracts yielded significantly more than ethyl acetate (p<0.05) and chloroform (p<0.001) extracts, showing higher levels of carbohydrates, proteins, flavonoids, and phenolics (p<0.001). All extracts displayed notable free-radical scavenging activity, with methanol being the most potent, followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform. Thus, solvent polarity greatly affects the biochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of P. pini extracts, highlighting the importance of solvent choice in optimising their bioactive potential.
Understanding Farmers Problem and Training Needs on Apricot Production in Trans Himalayan Ladakh, India
Authors: Lhadon Dolma , Dolma Kunzes , Katiyar Anand K , Chaurasia O P , Stobdan Tsering
Published: October 2024

A survey was conducted among 500 apricot growers in Ladakh to identify constraints faced in their production system and their grassroots training needs.Of the growers surveyed, 47.8 % of respondents were having less than 20 apricot trees. Most (53.8 %) grew apricots for drying, 31.2 % for fresh consumption, and 15 % for kernel oil. A significantly high number of respondents(44.8 %) reported 11-30 % fruit wastage, while 31.4 % reported 31-50 % fruit wastage. Lack of marketing opportunities and harvesting tools were cited as the main reasons for fruit wastage. The growers do not follow the standard growing practices, and the knowledge about insect pests and diseases is poor in the region. The most significant constraints in apricot production were lack of appropriate fruit drying technology, followed by high insect pest infestation, lack of marketing opportunities, lack of fencing around the field, insufficient water for irrigation purposes, and non-availability of nursery plants. Growers were open to a wide variety of sources of information on apricot production, with the most commonly selected response being friends/ relatives (53.2 %), followed by television (22.4 %), training and awareness camps (15.8 %), and radio (3.6%). The findings will help researchers, extension personnel, administrators, and policymakers to bring reforms to the apricot industry.
Взаимодействие государства и гражданского общества: анализ оценок эффективности политики социального партнерства на основе опросов москвичей
Authors: Ильичева Людмила Ефимовна , Паршина Елена Владимировна , Лапин Андрей Викторович , Ильичева Мария Валерьяновна
Published: October 2024

Цель исследования — обосновать необходимость всестороннего анализа эффективности политики социального партнерства с выделением таких ее видов, как экономическая, социально-экономическая и социальная эффективность. Это подразумевает их выявление и расчет, с одной стороны, на основе объективных и внешне измеряемых показателей, а с другой — на базе субъективных оценок, выражающих вариативные мнения экспертов, представителей властей, институтов гражданского общества, бизнеса и рядовых граждан. Особое внимание уделено социальной эффективности, с которой связано формирование социальных эффектов, во многих случаях не поддающихся количественной оценке и требующих качественных методов анализа. Один из таких социальных эффектов — повышение степени удовлетворенности населения (сложившимся положением, решением проблемы и пр.) как интегрированного показателя эффективности проводимой политики социального партнерства государства и гражданского общества.
В статье представлены варианты анализа социальной эффективности социального партнерства государства и гражданского общества в Москве, основу которого составляет постоянный мониторинг настроений жителей города и реакций на политику, реализуемую органами публичной власти в городе. Проводимые на постоянной основе социологические исследования позволили определить отношение москвичей к реализуемой органами публичной власти политике социального партнерства, выявить степень поддержки данной политики и установить ее недостатки. В результате исследования выявлено, что граждане достаточно легко вовлекаются в социальное партнерство с государством, если осознают проблему, нарушающую комфортную среду их существования на бытийном уровне и требующую для своего решения участия органов публичной власти. Дальнейшее повышение уровня эффективности социального партнерства во многом зависит от внедрения в его механизмы цифровых информационно-коммуникационных технологий, что приведет не только к появлению его новых форм и методов, но и существенно повлияет на самих субъектов данного партнерства.
Medidas en el Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas para la transición energética de las viviendas
Authors: Rivas Nieto Estela
Published: October 2024

El asunto C-585/22 se enmarca en una serie de asuntos planteados ante el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en los que este ha tenido oportunidad de pronunciarse acerca del carácter restrictivo que pueden tener determinadas situaciones generadas como consecuencia de la interacción entre regímenes de consolidación y otras normas fiscales. Concretamente, se plantea al TJUE si la limitación a la deducibilidad de intereses derivados de préstamos intragrupo para entidades no residentes del Derecho neerlandés es compatible con el Derecho de la Unión Europea, en particular, con la libertad de establecimiento del artículo 49 TFUE. El Abogado General Sr. Nicholas Emiliou, en sus Conclusiones presentadas el 14 de marzo de 2024, sobre el asunto C-585/22, propone que el Tribunal responda que dicha normativa es compatible. Sin embargo, tras el análisis de su razonamiento junto con la jurisprudencia previa del TJUE, entendemos que el Tribunal puede desmarcarse, al menos en parte, de dicho razonamiento y, por lo tanto, llegar a una conclusión distinta.
Implicaciones jurídicas ante la ilegalidad del tramo autonómico del Impuesto Especial sobre Hidrocarburos
Authors: Navarro García Albert
Published: October 2024

La Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 30 de mayo de 2024 (asunto C-743/22) responde a una petición de decisión prejudicial planteada por el Tribunal Supremo mediante auto de 15 de noviembre de 2022. Esta solicitud cuestiona la conformidad del tipo impositivo suplementario aplicado en España entre 2013 y 2018 por la mayoría de las comunidades autónomas sobre el Impuesto Especial sobre Hidrocarburos con la Directiva 2003/96/CE del Consejo, de 27 de octubre de 2003. En su fallo, el TJUE establece que el artículo 5 de dicha Directiva se opone a la normativa nacional que permitía a las comunidades autónomas establecer tipos del impuesto especial diferenciados para un mismo producto y uso en función del territorio de consumo, salvo en los casos previstos por la normativa comunitaria. Este trabajo no solo analiza el contexto en el que se creó este tipo autonómico, examina los hechos y argumentos presentados en la Sentencia, sino que también se centra en los efectos de esta declaración de ilegalidad, especialmente en lo referente a la devolución a los obligados tributarios de los ingresos que parece que aparentemente nunca debieron ser recaudados por dicho tributo.
Paměť oboru: Šmilauer – Hausenblas – Stich 2023
Authors: Mareš Petr
Published: October 2024

Editorial
Mže a hydronyma jejího povodí ve světle etymologie
Authors: Blažek Václav
Published: October 2024

In the article the name of the West Bohemian river Mže and its tributaries are analyzed in etymological perspective. In the first plan their Slavic etymologies are analyzed. In the second plan, possibilities of their pre-Slavic origin are verified. In the case of the hydronyms Mže and Úhlava their Germanic and Celtic etymologies are discussed, while the names of other tributaries are of Slavic origin. Finally the process of replacement of the hydronymic nomenclature during changes of dominant languages is generalized in the typological perspective.
Partnership Quality, Student’s Satisfaction, and Loyalty: A Study at Higher Education Legal Entities in Indonesia
Authors: Supriyanto Achmad , Sumarsono Raden Bambang , Sunandar Asep , Rochmawati  , Dami Zummy Anselmus , Ratri Dwi Kurnianing , Ardian Nur Luthfi
Published: October 2024

Partnership among higher education institutions serves as the central element for sustainable development. The quality of their partnerships is highly necessary for higher education development, specifically in academic infrastructure, curriculum design, pedagogical practices, and financial frameworks. This progression is expected to enhance students’ satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, this study explores the effects of partnerships among higher education institutions with legal entities on students’ satisfaction and loyalty. Accordingly, this research adopted a quantitative descriptive and regressive survey approach. The research population consisted of students from a university with a legal entity. At the same time, the sample was taken through purposive sampling with the criteria of having interacted or received services from the university’s partner with a legal entity. Data were garnered through questionnaires, which have been declared valid and reliable. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation model technique through Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares with SmartPLS 3 application. The research results indicate the following: (1) partnership quality (PQ) directly influences student satisfaction (SS), (2) SS directly affects student loyalty (SL), (3) PQ of higher education institutions with legal entity presents no effects on SL, and (4) PQ indirectly affects SL through SS.
Crystal structure of (Z)-4-amino-N
′-((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methylene)benzohydrazide, C20H16ClN3O
Authors: Song Yanli , Du Mo , Zhu Zhoujing , Tang Wenqiang , Tong Hongjuan
Published: October 2024

C20H16ClN3O, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 16.3816(6) Å, b = 15.3173(5) Å, c = 27.7833(14) Å, β = 92.800(2)°, V = 6,963.1(5) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0375, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1061, T = 299 K.
Crystal structure of 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanoate, C27H24O4
Authors: Lin Ying , Lin Da-zhuan , Xue De-dong , Sun Quan-le
Published: October 2024

C27H24O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.694(2) Å, b = 8.957(2) Å, c = 40.662(8) Å, V = 2073.7(10) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0339, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0837, T = 100(2) K
When Silicon Valley Feared Bhopal
Authors: Lécuyer Christophe
Published: October 2024

In Silicon Valley, the Bhopal disaster led to a bitter controversy regarding poisonous gases used in high-tech manufacturing. Concerned by the potential release of deadly gases by semiconductor plants, fire departments drafted a stringent ordinance regarding their use, handling, and storage. Microelectronics firms opposed the ordinance and campaigned for a weaker set of rules. As public opinion shifted toward strict regulation, the Inter-Governmental Council of Santa Clara County forced industry to go back to the negotiating table and develop a revised version of the firefighters’ ordinance in collaboration with the Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, an environmental group. The toxics gas ordinance was later incorporated into the Uniform Fire Code and set the rules for the utilization of hazardous gases in the American West.
Analysis of Numeracy Literacy for each Student's Learning Style through Differentiated Learning assisted by ORIENT based on Thinglink
Authors: Munahefi Detalia Noriza , Maharani Sintya , Khoirunnisa’ Danika Dian , Azzahra Nailin Nafiah , Maulana Mirza , Budianto Angela Vivian
Published: October 2024

Numeracy literacy is an ability that junior high school students must have. The facts show that junior high school students' numeracy literacy is still low because learning activities are not supported by learning media that can optimize the performance of students with various learning styles. The research aims to analyze the numeracy literacy of each student's learning style through differentiation learning assisted by thinglink-based geometry in learning style (ORIENT) media. The research method is a combination of sequential explanatory which begins with quantitative data analysis followed by qualitative data. The population is class VIII students at State JHS 22 Semarang. Samples were taken using the cluster random sampling technique. The results of the mean difference test with the Wilcoxon test show a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 so there is an increase in students' numeracy literacy with ORIENT-assisted differentiation learning. The N-gain result of 0.4031 shows that there is an increase in numeracy literacy in the medium category. Students with an auditory learning style have difficulty analyzing information. Students with a visual learning style have difficulty using mathematical skills in making decisions. Students with a kinesthetic learning style have difficulty using numbers or mathematical symbols.
Literasi numerasi merupakan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa literasi numerasi siswa SMP masih rendah dikarenakan kegiatan pembelajaran yang tidak didukung dengan media pembelajaran yang mampu mengoptimalkan kinerja siswa dengan berbagai gaya belajar. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis literasi numerasi tiap gaya belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran diferensiasi berbantuan media geometry in learning style (ORIENT) berbasis thinglink. Metode penelitian yakni kombinasi sequential explanatory yang diawali dengan analisis data kuantitatif dilanjutkan data kualitatif. Populasi yakni peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 22 Semarang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Hasil uji beda rataan dengan uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga terdapat peningkatan literasi numerasi siswa dengan pembelajaran diferensiasi berbantuan ORIENT. Hasil N-gain 0,4031 menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan literasi numerasi dalam kategori sedang. Siswa dengan gaya belajar auditori mengalami kesulitan dalam menganalisa informasi. Siswa dengan gaya belajar visual mengalami kesulitan menggunakan kemampuan matematika dalam mengambil keputusan. Siswa dengan gaya belajar kinestetik mengalami kesulitan dalam penggunaan angka atau simbol-simbol matematika.
Role of genetics and epigenetics in Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Marinò Michele , Rotondo Dottore Giovanna , Menconi Francesca , Comi Simone , Cosentino Giada , Rocchi Roberto , Latrofa Francesco , Figus Michele , Santini Ferruccio
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the role of genetics and epigenetics.

Design

We conducted a PubMed search with the following keywords: GO, thyroid eye disease; or Graves’ ophthalmopathy; or thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; and: genetic, or epigenetic, or gene expression, or gene mutation, or gene variant, or gene polymorphism, or DNA methylation, or DNA acetylation. Articles in which whole DNA and/or RNA sequencing, proteome, and methylome analyses were performed were chosen.

Results

The different prevalence of GO in the two sexes, as well as racial differences, suggest that genetics play a role in GO pathogenesis. In addition, the long-lasting phenotype of GO and patient-derived orbital fibroblasts suggests a genetic or epigenetic mechanism. Although no genes have been found to confer a specific risk for GO, differential gene expression has been reported in orbital fibroblasts from GO patients vs control fibroblasts, suggesting that an epigenetic mechanism may be involved. In this regard, a different degree of DNA methylation, which affects gene expression, has been found between GO and control fibroblasts, which was confirmed by whole methylome analysis. Histone acetylation and deacetylation, which also affect gene expression, remain to be investigated.

Conclusions

Although no pathogenic gene variants have been reported, epigenetic mechanisms elicited by an initial autoimmune insult seem to be needed for differential gene expression to occur and, thus, for GO to develop and persist over time.
Stebėjimo metodo ypatumai muziejų auditorijos elgsenos tyrimuose
Authors: Jovaišaitė-Blaževičienė Indrė
Published: October 2024

Audience behaviour research is one of the most relevant topics in the field of museology, as visitor-oriented modern-museology-based museums inevitably need to understand how visitors learn, explore and understand museum information and communication. The article discusses the specifics of the application of observation as one of the oldest scientific research methods in the study of museum audiences. Even though observation is identified as an essential way of studying audience behaviour in real-time, the application of the method still raises questions about the way it is applied, issues of objectivity and the reliability of data. This paper aims to highlight relevant methodological issues in the application of observation and other qualitative methods of museum visitor research in assessing the relationship between the essential research question and the data needed to answer it. A literature review and the results and experiences of the empirical research conducted for the doctoral thesis are used to answer the questions. The empirical study of visitors’ free choice behaviour in the Lithuanian Museum is used to illustrate the relevant features of the monitoring method, while the detailed results of the visitor behaviour monitoring study are presented in a dedicated paper.
Koncepto turinio aprašymas remiantis kategorijos analize: koncepto „miesčioniškumas“ atvejis
Authors: Papaurėlytė-Klovienė Silvija
Published: October 2024

The article discusses how different types of material can be used for concept content analysis. The analysis was based on the content associated with the category of philistinism and examples of conceptual metaphors of philistinism. The research conducted shows that this type of research material allows us to see a greater variety of features associated with the spoken concept and to reveal more nuances of the concept of philistinism associated with the worldview of the Lithuanian language. The analysis of the examples of verbalisation of the category of philistinism leads to the conclusion that this phenomenon of non-linguistic reality can be described as a combination of several mutually supporting features. The results of this analysis are complemented by a description of the actualisation of conceptual metaphors of philistinism in language. Significant features of the concept of philistinism are fear of change, emphasis on comfort and convenience, bad taste, lack of progress, stagnation and dormancy.
Naujos tyrimų atodangos Kristijono Donelaičio lauke ir prakalbinta Antika
Authors: Biržietienė Skirmantė
Published: October 2024

Dalia Dilytė. Kristijono Donelaičio kūrybos ir jos sklaidos atodangos: monografija. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2023.
 
Dalia Dilytė. Antikos prakalbinimas: monografija. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2024.
Apie gaidį ir „žemčiūgą“: žvilgsnis į XIX amžiaus lietuvių literatūrinę savimonę
Authors: Tamošiūnienė Aušra
Published: October 2024

This article examines seven different renditions of Aesop’s fable “The Rooster and the Pearl”, written by various 19th-century Lithuanian authors. The aim is to show how these texts reflect the demands of early readers and the literary consciousness of 19th-century Lithuanian society. The differences in the texts and their significant features are revealed by comparing them with each other and with the original sources, where such sources can be identified. Of particular interest is the inclusion of Lithuanian elements in these narratives, typically used for their evocative imagery or to capture the reader’s attention. The influence of social and cultural life on literature is bidirectional. As societies change over time in cultural, ethical and other ways, these changes inevitably affect literary production. The ethical perspective is relevant to the plot of The Rooster and the Pearl, but the specificity of the texts analysed is determined more by aesthetic and persuasive qualities, thus serving as precursors to shifts in literary consciousness.
Campus Life in Contemporary Polish, Slovak, and Ukrainian Fiction
Authors: Blashkiv Oksana
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the image of campus life as presented in a selection of novels written in Polish, Slovak, and Ukrainian after 1989. The author presents generic peculiarities of Slavic campus fiction and analyses the theme of (academic) coming-of-age in Slavic campus fiction. The maturation of student characters in Maryna Hrymych’s Yura and Pavol Parkov’s The Legend About the Language occurred in Soviet Ukraine and Czechoslovakia, respectively, around 1968. In contrast, the protagonists of Jagoda Grudzień’s Erasmopeja and Tania Kalytenko’s Antero undergo academic identity formation in contemporary Scandinavian countries as participants in academic exchange programs. While Hrymych and Rankov portray characters navigating totalitarian societies of the past, Grudzień and Kalytenko situate their students within the anxieties of the globalised world, where remembering the past remains crucial. The author concludes that contemporary campus fiction written in Slavic languages addresses the issues significant for the cultural memory of the particular nation. Collectively, these novels contribute to a sense of continuity in academic culture within East-Central Europe.
Iterative Method of Determining Stress Intensity Coefficients Under Dynamic Loading of the Crack System
Authors:   National University Odessa Maritime Academy, Kyrylova Olha I. , Popov Vsevolod H. ,   National University Odessa Maritime Academy
Published: October 2024

An elastic isotropic body in a state of plane deformation, which contains a system of randomly placed cracks under the action of a dynamic (harmonic) loading, is considered. The authors set the problem of determining the stress field around the cracks under the conditions of their wave interaction. The solution method is based on the introduction of displacements in the body in the form of a superposition of discontinuous solutions of the equations of motion constructed for each crack. With this in mind, the initial problem is reduced to a system of singular integro-differential equations with respect to unknown displacement jumps on the crack surfaces. To solve this system, a new iterative method, which involves solving a set of independent integro-differential equations that differ only in their right-hand parts at each iteration, is proposed. For the zero approximation, solutions that correspond to individual cracks under the action of dynamic loading are chosen. Such a new approach allows to avoid the difficulties associated with the need to solve systems of integro-differential equations of large dimensions that arise when traditional methods are used. Based on the results of the iterations, formulas for calculating the stress intensity coefficients for each crack were obtained. In the partial case of four cracks, a good agreement between the results obtained during the direct solution of the system of eight integro-differential equations by the mechanical quadrature method and the results obtained by the iterative method was established. In general, numerical examples demonstrate the convergence and stability of the proposed method in the case of systems with a fairly large number of densely located cracks. The influence of the interaction between cracks on the stress intensity factor (SIF) value under dynamic loading conditions was studied. An important and new result for fracture mechanics is the detection of the absolute maximum of the normal stresses at certain frequencies of the oscillating normal loading. The number of interacting cracks and the configuration of the crack system itself affect the values of the frequencies at which SIF reaches a maximum and the maximum values. These maximum values significantly (by several times) exceed the SIF values of single cracks under a similar loading. At the same time, under conditions of static or low-frequency loading, it is possible to reduce the SIF values compared to the SIF for individual cracks. When cracks are sheared, the values of the tangential stresses have a tendency to decrease with increasing frequency, and their values do not significantly differ from the values of the tangential stress for an individual crack.
Optimal Layout of Modular Systems by Geometric Perturbations
Authors: Domonkos Nikolett , Martinek Júlia Zita , Fehér Eszter
Published: October 2024

In this study, we investigate the potential of integrating geometric perturbations into the design process to optimise modular systems such as floor coverings, façade claddings, and masonry walls. By allowing small geometry adjustments of the initial design, we achieve significant reductions in material waste or labour requirements, leading to cost-saving and environmental benefits without compromising the design concept. We compared our approach to traditional methods, where the layout of the modular system is determined after the geometry of the design is finalised. To illustrate our method, we present case studies for two- and three-dimensional modular designs.
Eduardo GRANADOS, Agenda 2033 nueva y eterna, Madrid: Didaskalos, 2023, 211 pp., 15 x 21, ISBN 978-84-19431-23-3.
Authors: Chica-Arellano Fernando
Published: October 2024

Book Review
Comparison of Galaxy and Unix tools for analyzing the exome sequencing data from syndactyly abnormalities
Authors: Nguyen Thy Ngoc , Huynh Minh Huong
Published: October 2024

Syndactyly is a congenital limb abnormality, which manifests as the fusion of digits due to incomplete separation during embryonic development, and its pathogenesis involves intricate genetic and molecular processes. Since Exome sequencing has gained widespread utilization as an invaluable tool for exploring genetic disorders during prenatal development, the Bioinformatic platforms, such as GALAXY and UNIX, play a central role in the analysis process of exome sequencing data, facilitating precise identification and interpretation of genetic variations linked to congenital abnormalities. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of exome sequencing data from a 1.5-year-old syndactyly patient using two platforms: GALAXY and UNIX. The UNIX platform identified a total of 275,572 variants, and the GALAXY platform identified 140,291 variants when compared with the Grch38/hg38 reference genome. A comparative analysis identified 126,848 common variants between the platforms. After filtration with the 200 syndactyly-related genes, 1,345 variants were remained. The distribution of these 1,345 variants spans the entirety of the patient's genome, with focal concentrations observed on specific chromosomes including chromosomes 2, 4, and 11. Concurrently, within the top 200 genes implicated in syndactyly, the genes FRAS1, CACNA1C, GLI2, and NOTCH1 exhibit the highest frequency of variants. These data emphasized the impact of the chosen analytical platform on genetic variation detection in congenital limb abnormalities, provided critical insights into the selection of bioinformatic tools for optimizing exome sequencing workflows in the context of limb malformations, contributed to advancements in genetic research and diagnostic methodologies.
The crisis of truth, and Its impact on human actions
Authors: Kraj Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Not only does Moral Theology tell us what we should do, but it also provides the reasons why we should do some things and avoid others. Over the centuries Christians paid attention to God’s creatures because they realised that He speaks to us through them and reveals His will as well (Rom 1). This issue also became the object of metaphysical inquiry. The concept of the truth of all things explained how man gets knowledge about God’s will through his creatures, which he subsequently should take into account in his moral conduct. The Enlightment proclaimed human freedom from religious beliefs and restrictions. Its philosophy, known as modern philosophy, tried to „conquer” metaphysics and the notion of the truth of all things. This paper presents these efforts and their consequences.
Kant and Schopenhauer on the Ultimate Goal of Human Life
Authors: Bobko Aleksander
Published: October 2024

Contemporary reflection concerning man focuses upon man as a being living only “here and now”, it is “short-termed” in character. In this paper, going against the current of this dominant tendency, I would like to show how interesting and important is the question about the ultimate goal of human life. In my considerations I refer to the thought of Immanuel Kant and Arthur Schopenhauer – two classical authors of modern philosophy – who still seem to exert a significant influence on the European culture. Even if in their systems they depart from similar assumptions, their conclusions concerning man are radically different: for Kant, every human being has unique value and is called to create “civil society”; for Schopenhauer every individual being (including man) is volatile and devoid of meaning and value. The question remains open as to whether the ultimate message of their philosophy can be still an inspiration for us today, or whether it already sounds rather strange and unfamiliar in confrontation with the spirit of modernity.
Odontogenıc Keratocyst: A Case Report
Authors: GEK Nuhoglu , C Nuhoglu , EK Ceylan , H Dayıoglu , HM Kaya
Published: October 2024

Odontogenic keratocyst was first mentioned in the literature by Mikulicz in 1876, and described by Philipsen in 1956. These cysts are developmental odontogenic cysts arising from dental laminate remnants. Generally, these cysts can be seen in the second or third decade of life, in both mandibular and maxillary jaws; but most often they are localized in the mandibular jaw. A 23-year-old male patient who came to our clinic complaining of swelling in the lower jaw and did not have a systemic disease had a radiolucent lesion measuring about 4 * 2 cm in the mandible and lateral tooth area in the maxilla. Enucleation of radiolucent lesions which are localized in maxillary and mandibular jaws was performed. Both lesions were sent to the pathology laboratory for detailed examination. Extraction of the impacted right mandibular canine was made. According to the pathology report, a diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst was made to both lesions. In this case keratocysts were seen as multiocular, and it was suspected that there could be Gorlin Goltz syndrome. According to the medical genetic report of the patient, who does not have any systemic diseases, Multilocular Odontogenic Keratocysts could not be associated with Gorlin Goltz syndrome.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Steps for Choosing Suitable Packaging Material (Case Study: Food Safety)
Authors: B Tajeddin
Published: October 2024

Vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids are vital to health. In the UK, the National Diet and Nutrition survey rolling programme estimates the intake of a range of these essential nutrients and foods that contain them. Since this programme began in 2008/2009 nutrient intakes have not improved. The aim of this paper is to evaluate vitamin and mineral intakes in the latest iteration of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and compare these intakes with those in 2008/2009 and where possible with similar data from UK surveys going back to 1997. This paper also analysed findings from a survey of reviewing people’s knowledge, habits and opinions on nutrition, vitamin and mineral intakes and supplementation to contribute to the interpretation of findings from the NDNS. Consumption of the majority of the micronutrients measured in the NDNS fell from 2008/2009 to 2018/2019. These decreases were greater in women than men and particularly worrying in younger women especially for vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine and selenium. Reductions of the same micronutrients in young men were also evident and only zinc intakes have improved in older men. Poor dietary intakes are due to confusion and lack of knowledge as to what constitutes a healthy diet, lack of time and the cost of healthy eating which has increased during recent years. Nutrients can be provided from a healthy diet, but this is not being achieved. Hence a multivitamin and multi mineral food supplement is the best policy to bridge these dietary gaps.
An Analysis of Tiny Houses through a Viewpoint on Preferences, Satisfaction, and Expectations of Residents
Authors: Gür Miray , Çay Elif
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of tiny houses, reflecting the worldwide trend of this favored living option. Scientific study on tiny houses has experienced a modest global growth in recent years, even though the notion of tiny houses has only been lately introduced to Turkish literature. Information on tiny houses is mostly available through various media channels, including television, newspapers, magazines, and social media platforms, in our country. This article seeks to examine the concept and current popularity of tiny houses, while also assessing user preferences and levels of satisfaction. User satisfaction was evaluated based on data obtained from twenty interviews conducted with owners of small-scale dwellings. The primary results suggest that individuals who exhibit a preference for residing in tiny houses have an awareness of the disparities and challenges they are likely to face. The appealing qualities of the house extends beyond its physical appearance. The mere existence of a location, regardless of its size, situated in a calm and peaceful environment, far from chaos and confusion, where individuals have a sense of belonging, is enough to satisfy their needs.
Repetitio est mater studiorum, avagy az ismétlés a tudás anyja (recenzió)
Authors: M. Szabó Miklós
Published: October 2024

Dr. Ács Tiborny ezredes, az MTA doktora, a reformkor és a szabadságharc kiemelkedő katonaszemélyiségeinek egyik legkiválóbb kutatója, a magyar hadtudomány XIX. századi kialakulásának, fejlődésének legavatottabb szakértője – a Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum közreműködésével – egy értékes karácsonyi ajándékot tett le az e kor és hadtörténete iránt érdeklődők asztalára.
Két életút, két hazában : 194 éve született Czetz János
Authors: Siposné Kecskeméthy Klára
Published: October 2024

Az 1848–49. évi forradalom és szabadságharc leverése után, a megtorlás elől magyar katonák tömegei hagyták el hazánkat, és szóródtak szét a világban. Az emigráns katonák különböző országokban töltöttek be magas katonai beosztásokat (például Prágay János, Radnich Imre, Schlesinger Lajos), vettek részt háborúkban, polgárháborúban (például Asbóth Sándor, Kuné Gyula), értek el tudományos sikereket, voltak részesei ismeretlen területek földrajzi felfedezésének, térképezésének (például Czetz János, László Károly) vagy váltak sikeressé az élet számos más területén (például Türr István, Verebély Imre).1 A hazájukat elhagyott magyar katonák közül sokan megírták emlékirataikat. Útleírásaik, úti leveleik, naplóik nemcsak könyv formájában jelentek meg, azokat rendszeresen közölték a magyar napi- és hetilapok is.