bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-precision density mapping of marine debris and floating plastics via satellite imagery
Authors: Booth Henry , Ma Wanli , Karakuş Oktay
Published: April 2023

The last couple of years has been ground-breaking for marine pollution monitoring purposes. It has been suggested that combining multi-spectral satellite information and machine learning approaches are effective to monitor plastic pollutants in the ocean environment. Recent research has made theoretical progress in identifying marine debris and suspected plastic (MD&SP) through machine learning whereas no study has fully explored the application of these methods for mapping and monitoring marine debris density. Therefore, this article consists of three main components: (1) the development and validation of a supervised machine learning marine debris detection model, (2) to map the MD&SP density into an automated tool called MAP-Mapper and finally (3) evaluation of the entire system for out-of-distribution (OOD) test locations. Developed MAP-Mapper architectures provide users with options to achieve high precision (abbv. -HP) or optimum precision-recall (abbv. -Opt) values in terms of training/test dataset. Our MAP-Mapper-HP model greatly increases the MD&SP detection precision to 95%, while the MAP-Mapper-Opt achieves 87–88% precision–recall pair. To efficiently measure density mapping findings at OOD test locations, we propose the Marine Debris Map (MDM) index, which combines the average probability of a pixel belonging to the MD&SP class and the number of detections in a given time frame. The high MDM findings of the proposed approach are found to be consistent with existing marine litter and plastic pollution areas, and these are presented with available evidence citing literature and field studies.
Trends in semen parameters of infertile men in South Africa and Nigeria
Authors: Akang Edidiong Nnamso , Opuwari Chinyerum Sylvia , Enyioma-Alozie Swesme , Moungala Lionel Wildy , Amatu Tamarapreye Emmanuel , Wada Ibrahim , Ogbeche Rose Ogeyi , Ajayi Oluwatoyin Omolayo , Aderonmu Mojisola Modupe , Shote Olaitan Boluwatife , Akinola Lateef Adekunle , Ashiru Oladapo Adenrele , Henkel Ralf
Published: April 2023

There are conflicting reports on trends of semen parameters from different parts of the globe. However, in recent times there is dearth of information on the trend in Sub-Saharan countries. Therefore, in this study we aimed at determining the trends in semen parameters in Nigeria and South Africa between 2010 and 2019. A retrospective study of semen analyses of 17,292 men attending fertility hospitals in Nigeria and South Africa in 2010, 2015 and 2019. Patients who had undergone vasectomy and those who had a pH less than 5 or greater than 10 were excluded from this study. The following variables were assessed: ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC), total sperm count, and normal sperm morphology. Between 2010 and 2019, significant trends of decreasing values were observed in normal sperm morphology (− 50%), and the ejaculatory volume (− 7.4%), indicating a progressive deterioration of the values in both countries. In Nigeria, there were significant decreases in progressive motility (− 87%), TPMSC (− 78%), and sperm morphology (− 55%) between 2010 and 2019 (P < 0.001). Spearman`s rank correlation revealed significant negative associations between age and morphology (ρ =  − 0.24, P < 0.001), progressive motility (ρ =  − 0.31. P < 0.001), and TPMSC (ρ =  − 0.32, P < 0.001). Patients in South Africa were younger than those from Nigeria, with also a significantly higher sperm morphology, sperm concentration, progressive motility, total sperm count and TPMSC. Our findings provide a quantitative evidence of an alarming decreasing trend in semen parameters in Nigeria and South Africa from 2010 to 2019. It also proves that astheno- and teratozoospermia are the leading causes of male infertility in these regions. In addition to this, it also shows empirically that semen parameters decrease with advancement in age. These findings are the first report of temporal trends in semen parameters in Sub-Saharan countries, necessitating a thorough investigation on the underlying factors promoting this worrisome decline.
Simultaneous multi-crop land suitability prediction from remote sensing data using semi-supervised learning
Authors: Bhullar Amanjot , Nadeem Khurram , Ali R. Ayesha
Published: April 2023

Land suitability models for Canada are currently based on single-crop inventories and expert opinion. We present a data-driven multi-layer perceptron that simultaneously predicts the land suitability of several crops in Canada, including barley, peas, spring wheat, canola, oats, and soy. Available crop yields from 2013–2020 are downscaled to the farm level by masking the district level crop yield data to focus only on areas where crops are cultivated and leveraging soil-climate-landscape variables obtained from Google Earth Engine for crop yield prediction. This new semi-supervised learning approach can accommodate data from different spatial resolutions and enables training with unlabelled data. The incorporation of a crop indicator function further allows for the training of a multi-crop model that can capture the interdependences and correlations between various crops, thereby leading to more accurate predictions. Through k-fold cross-validation, we show that compared to the single crop models, our multi-crop model could produce up to a 2.82 fold reduction in mean absolute error for any particular crop. We found that barley, oats, and mixed grains were more tolerant to soil-climate-landscape variations and could be grown in many regions of Canada, while non-grain crops were more sensitive to environmental factors. Predicted crop suitability was associated with a region’s growing season length, which supports climate change projections that regions of northern Canada will become more suitable for agricultural use. The proposed multi-crop model could facilitate assessment of the suitability of northern lands for crop cultivation and be incorporated into cost-benefit analyses.
Intravitreal injection of fibrillin 2 (Fbn2) recombinant protein for therapy of retinopathy in a retina-specific Fbn2 knock-down mouse model
Authors: Zhang Rui Xue , Wen Ying , Guo Da Dong , Xu Fu Ru , Wang Gui Min , Wang Xing Rong , Shi Yong Wei , Ding Jie , Jiang Qian , Jiang Wen Jun , Jonas Jost B. , Bi Hong Sheng
Published: April 2023

Mutations in the extracellular matrix gene Fibrillin-2 (FBN2) are related to genetic macular degenerative disorders including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and early-onset macular degeneration (EOMD). It was reported that the retinal protein expression of FBN2 was reduced in patients with AMD and EOMD. The effect of exogenously supplied fbn2 recombinant protein on fbn2-deficiency-related retinopathy was not known. Here we investigated the efficacy and molecular mechanism of intravitreally applied fibrin-2 recombinant protein in mice with fbn2-deficient retinopathy. The experimental study included groups (all n = 9) of adult C57BL/6J male mice which underwent no intervention, intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) empty vector or intravitreal injection of AAV-sh-fbn2 (adeno-associated virus for expressing short hairpin RNA for fibrillin-2) followed by three intravitreal injections of fbn2 recombinant protein, given in intervals of 8 days in doses of 0.30 μg, 0.75 μg, 1.50 μg, and 3.00 μg, respectively. Eyes with intravitreally applied AAV-sh-fbn2 as compared to eyes with injection of AAV-empty vector or developed an exudative retinopathy with involvement of the deep retinal layers, reduction in axial length and reduction in ERG amplitudes. After additional and repeated application of fbn2 recombinant protein, the retinopathy improved with an increase in retinal thickness and ERG amplitude, the mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and TGF-β binding protein (LTBP-1) increased, and axial length elongated, with the difference most marked for the dose of 0.75 μg of fbn2 recombinant protein. The observations suggest that intravitreally applied fbn2 recombinant protein reversed the retinopathy caused by an fbn2 knockdown.
Cold atmospheric plasma treatment enhances recombinant model protein production in yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Kabarkouhi Zeinab , Arjmand Sareh , Ranaei Siadat Seyed Omid , Shokri Babak
Published: April 2023

Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has been described as a novel technology with expanding applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. In the present study, we provide a mildly stressful condition using non-lethal doses of CAP (120, 180, and 240 s) and evaluate its potential benefits on the recombinant production of a model protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)) in yeast Pichia pastoris. The measured eGFP fluorescence augmented proportional to CAP exposure time. After 240 s treatment with CAP, the measured fluorescent intensity of culture supernatant (after 72 h) and results of real-time PCR (after 24 h) indicated an 84% and 76% increase in activity and related RNA concentration, respectively. Real-time analysis of a list of genes involved in oxidative stress response revealed a significant and durable improvement in their expression at five h and 24 h following CAP exposure. The improvement of the recombinant model protein production may be partly explained by the impact of the RONS on cellular constituents and altering the expression of specific stress genes. In conclusion, using CAP strategy may be considered a valuable strategy to improve recombinant protein production, and deciphering the molecular background mechanism could be inspiring in the reverse metabolic engineering of host cells.
Self-supervised learning for medical image classification: a systematic review and implementation guidelines
Authors: Huang Shih-Cheng , Pareek Anuj , Jensen Malte , Lungren Matthew P. , Yeung Serena , Chaudhari Akshay S.
Published: April 2023

Advancements in deep learning and computer vision provide promising solutions for medical image analysis, potentially improving healthcare and patient outcomes. However, the prevailing paradigm of training deep learning models requires large quantities of labeled training data, which is both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive to curate for medical images. Self-supervised learning has the potential to make significant contributions to the development of robust medical imaging models through its ability to learn useful insights from copious medical datasets without labels. In this review, we provide consistent descriptions of different self-supervised learning strategies and compose a systematic review of papers published between 2012 and 2022 on PubMed, Scopus, and ArXiv that applied self-supervised learning to medical imaging classification. We screened a total of 412 relevant studies and included 79 papers for data extraction and analysis. With this comprehensive effort, we synthesize the collective knowledge of prior work and provide implementation guidelines for future researchers interested in applying self-supervised learning to their development of medical imaging classification models.
Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to real abstracts with detectors and blinded human reviewers
Authors: Gao Catherine A. , Howard Frederick M. , Markov Nikolay S. , Dyer Emma C. , Ramesh Siddhi , Luo Yuan , Pearson Alexander T.
Published: April 2023

Large language models such as ChatGPT can produce increasingly realistic text, with unknown information on the accuracy and integrity of using these models in scientific writing. We gathered fifth research abstracts from five high-impact factor medical journals and asked ChatGPT to generate research abstracts based on their titles and journals. Most generated abstracts were detected using an AI output detector, ‘GPT-2 Output Detector’, with % ‘fake’ scores (higher meaning more likely to be generated) of median [interquartile range] of 99.98% ‘fake’ [12.73%, 99.98%] compared with median 0.02% [IQR 0.02%, 0.09%] for the original abstracts. The AUROC of the AI output detector was 0.94. Generated abstracts scored lower than original abstracts when run through a plagiarism detector website and iThenticate (higher scores meaning more matching text found). When given a mixture of original and general abstracts, blinded human reviewers correctly identified 68% of generated abstracts as being generated by ChatGPT, but incorrectly identified 14% of original abstracts as being generated. Reviewers indicated that it was surprisingly difficult to differentiate between the two, though abstracts they suspected were generated were vaguer and more formulaic. ChatGPT writes believable scientific abstracts, though with completely generated data. Depending on publisher-specific guidelines, AI output detectors may serve as an editorial tool to help maintain scientific standards. The boundaries of ethical and acceptable use of large language models to help scientific writing are still being discussed, and different journals and conferences are adopting varying policies.
A burst of genomic innovation at the origin of placental mammals mediated embryo implantation
Authors: Taylor Alysha S. , Tinning Haidee , Ovchinnikov Vladimir , Edge Jessica , Smith William , Pullinger Anna L. , Sutton Ruth A. , Constantinides Bede , Wang Dapeng , Forbes Karen , Forde Niamh , O’Connell Mary J.
Published: April 2023

The origin of embryo implantation in mammals ~148 million years ago was a dramatic shift in reproductive strategy, yet the molecular changes that established mammal implantation are largely unknown. Although progesterone receptor signalling predates the origin of mammals and is highly conserved in, and critical for, successful mammal pregnancy, it alone cannot explain the origin and subsequent diversity of implantation strategies throughout the placental mammal radiation. MiRNAs are known to be flexible and dynamic regulators with a well-established role in the pathophysiology of mammal placenta. We propose that a dynamic core microRNA (miRNA) network originated early in placental mammal evolution, responds to conserved mammal pregnancy cues (e.g. progesterone), and facilitates species-specific responses. Here we identify 13 miRNA gene families that arose at the origin of placental mammals and were subsequently retained in all descendent lineages. The expression of these miRNAs in response to early pregnancy molecules is regulated in a species-specific manner in endometrial epithelia of species with extreme implantation strategies (i.e. bovine and human). Furthermore, this set of miRNAs preferentially target proteins under positive selective pressure on the ancestral eutherian lineage. Discovery of this core embryo implantation toolkit and specifically adapted proteins helps explain the origin and evolution of implantation in mammals.
The origin, evolution and functional divergence of HOOKLESS1 in plants
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Jingyan , Wang Ran , Zhang Zhenhua , Liu Nana , Jin Huanhuan , Zhong Bojian , Zhu Ziqiang
Published: April 2023

Apical hooks are functional innovations only observed in angiosperms, which effectively protect the apical meristems out of damage during plant seedlings penetrating soil covers. Acetyltransferase like protein HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) inArabidopsis thalianais required for hook formation. However, the origin and evolution of HLS1 in plants are still not solved. Here, we traced the evolution of HLS1 and found that HLS1 originated in embryophytes. Moreover, we found that Arabidopsis HLS1 delayed plant flowering time, in addition to their well-known functions in apical hook development and newly reported roles in thermomorphogenesis. We further revealed that HLS1 interacted with transcription factor CO and repressed the expression ofFTto delay flowering. Lastly, we compared the functional divergence of HLS1 among eudicot (A. thaliana), bryophytes (Physcomitrium patensandMarchantia polymorpha) and lycophyte (Selaginella moellendorffii). AlthoughHLS1from these bryophytes and lycophyte partially rescued the thermomorphogenesis defects inhls1-1mutants, the apical hook defects and early flowering phenotypes could not be reversed by eitherP. patens, M. polymorphaorS. moellendorffiiorthologs. These results illustrate that HLS1 proteins from bryophytes or lycophyte are able to modulate thermomorphogenesis phenotypes inA. thalianalikely through a conserved gene regulatory network. Our findings shed new light on the understanding of the functional diversity and origin of HLS1, which controls the most attractive innovations in angiosperms.
Deep-learning electronic-structure calculation of magnetic superstructures
Authors: Li He , Tang Zechen , Gong Xiaoxun , Zou Nianlong , Duan Wenhui , Xu Yong
Published: April 2023

Ab initio studies of magnetic superstructures are indispensable to research on emergent quantum materials, but are currently bottlenecked by the formidable computational cost. Here, to break this bottleneck, we have developed a deep equivariant neural network framework to represent the density functional theory Hamiltonian of magnetic materials for efficient electronic-structure calculation. A neural network architecture incorporating a priori knowledge of fundamental physical principles, especially the nearsightedness principle and the equivariance requirements of Euclidean and time-reversal symmetries ($$E(3)\times \{I,{{{\mathcal{T}}}}\}$$

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), is designed, which is critical to capture the subtle magnetic effects. Systematic experiments on spin-spiral, nanotube and moiré magnets were performed, making the challenging study of magnetic skyrmions feasible.
Basic Chemistry for Life Science Students and Professionals
Authors: Habtemariam Solomon
Published: April 2023

Organic chemistry plays a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry. Knowledge of organic compounds is used to inform research and further the discovery and development of new medicines. Likewise, organic chemistry is fundamental to understanding biological reactions, mechanisms and all life sciences in general.

Basic Chemistry for Life Science Students and Professionals is an ideal introduction to organic chemistry in the context of the life sciences and pharmacy related disciplines; utilising drug molecules to illustrate the chemical basis of their efficacy and interaction with biological targets. This book builds upon the basic concepts of organic chemistry to develop the reader’s understanding of the importance of organic chemistry to the life sciences from natural product sources, their synthesis, and approaches to drug discovery.

Ideal for undergraduate students in the natural sciences, this book is also an excellent primer for postgraduates in a variety of disciplines including forensic science and allied-health programmes as well as professionals working in related fields seeking a comprehensive introduction to organic chemistry in the context of pharmaceuticals.
Multifunctional fluorescent diarylethene: time-resolved study of photochemistry
Authors: Semionova Veronica V. , Pozdnyakov Ivan P. , Grivin Vjacheslav P. , Plyusnin Victor F. , Tsentalovich Yuri P. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Melnikov Alexei A. , Chekalin Sergei V. , Lvov Andrey G. , Glebov Evgeni M.
Published: April 2023

A study of luminescence and photochromic properties of a diarylethene with a push–pull system between carbonyl and dimethylamino groups, was performed using time-resolved methods.
Engineering carbonyl reductase for one-pot chemobiocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of a value-added N-containing chiral alcohol from N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
Authors: Hao Ya-Cheng , Zong Min-Hua , Chen Qi , Li Ning
Published: April 2023

Engineering of carbonyl reductase was performed to improve both activity and stability, thus allowing for chemobiocatalytic conversion of cheap NAG into a N-containing chiral alcohol by merging it with chemical catalysts.
Formation of substituted dioxanes in the oxidation of gum arabic with periodate
Authors: Siebe Harmke S. , Sardjan Andy S. , Maßmann Sarina C. , Flapper Jitte , van den Berg Keimpe J. , Eisink Niek N. H. M. , Kentgens Arno P. M. , Feringa Ben L. , Kumar Akshay , Browne Wesley R.
Published: April 2023

Oxidation of the renewable polysaccharide feedstock gum arabic opens opportunities for derivatisation.
Synthesis of a cationic ruthenium(ii) complex and its non-enzymatic glucose-sensing properties
Authors: Dayan Serkan , Özdemir Namık , Erdener Diğdem , Dayan Osman , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: April 2023

A new cationic Ru(ii) complex was synthesized from N,N′-[1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(ethan-1-yl-1-ylidene)]bis(2-ethyl-6-methylaniline) and [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2, with full characterization via NMR, FT-IR, single-crystal XRD, ESI-MS, UV-vis, CV and TA/DTA.
Study of physical properties of the Li0.5MgFe1.5O3.5 ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Jeidd Abddaim , Amghar Mohamed , Mabrouki A. , Benali A. , Trabelsi A. , Dhahri E. , Khirouni K. , Costa B. F. O.
Published: April 2023

In the present research study, the structural, optical, magnetic, electrical and dielectrical properties of the spinel ferrite Li0.5MgFe1.5O3.5, synthesized using a sol–gel auto-combustion method were studied.
An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for phospholipase C via signal amplification based on breathing ATRP and its application
Authors: Li Xiwen , Meng Peiran , Sun Mingyang , Chen Yue , Song Zhiyi , Wang Xinyao , Li Na , Sun Yue
Published: April 2023

An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor for phospholipase C was developed via signal amplification based on breathing ATRP.
Nitrogen-doped orange emitting carbon dots for β-carotene detection and lysosomal imaging
Authors: Li Xinlu , Zhu Tongtong , Du Yuwei , Yan Haiyang , Yan Ruhong , Dong Wen-Fei , Li Li
Published: April 2023

Nitrogen-doped orange emitting carbon dots have been developed with excellent potential for applications in β-carotene sensing, lysosomal monitoring and zebrafish bioimaging.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe for in situ imaging of SO2 flux in drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Li Xingwei , Yan Huming , Huo Fangjun , Zhang Yongbin , Zhang Le , Ren Haixian , Yin Caixia
Published: April 2023

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been widely applied as an important additive in various foods and drugs due to its antioxidant, antiseptic and bleaching properties.
Clarity improvement of the discoloration boundary and detection of Hg2+ ions by using a polystyrene nanoparticle-modified paper-based microdevice
Authors: Xiao Jingcheng , Jiang Jingjing , Zhao Zexu , Guo Jiahao , Wang Jinyi
Published: April 2023

Modification of μPAD with carboxyl-contained polystyrene nanoparticles greatly improved the clarity of discoloration-boundary.
Iron oxide-EDTA nanoparticles for chelation-enhanced chemodynamic therapy and ion interference therapy
Authors: Chen Changxiao , Meng Qi , Liu Zhendong , Liu Sainan , Tong Weifang , An Baichao , Ding Binbin , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: April 2023

In this study, an efficient Fenton reaction catalyst based on chelation was designed to achieve the combination of enhanced chemodynamic therapy and ion interference therapy.
A gold nanoparticle engineered metal–organic framework nanoreactor for combined ferroptosis and mild photothermal therapy
Authors: Wei Ruyue , Li Yanhua , Gao Peng , Zhang Xia , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Kaixian , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a gold nanoparticle engineered metal–organic framework nanoreactor for combined ferroptosis and mild photothermal therapy via the production of abundant hydroxyl radicals and the enhancement of thermal sensitivity.
NDIPhos as a platform for chiral supramolecular ligands in rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation
Authors: Force Guillaume , Mayer Robert J. , Vayer Marie , Lebœuf David
Published: April 2023

A new class of self-assembled bidentate NDI-derived ligands featuring π–π interactions is described, which were successfully used in rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of diverse olefins.
Light-mediated sulfonyl-iodination of ynamides and internal alkynes
Authors: Mutra Mohana Reddy , Li Jing , Wang Jeh-Jeng
Published: April 2023

Selective di-functionalization of ynamides/internal alkynes with sulfonyl iodides under blue LED light in absence of metals and additives.
Synthesis of a versatile 1H-indene-3-carboxylate scaffold enabled by visible-light promoted Wolff rearrangement of 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Yue Xin , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yan , Meng Tengfei , Zhao Yupei , Guo Wengang
Published: April 2023

Synthesis of 1H-indene-3-carboxylates from 1-diazonaphthalen-2(1H)-ones with various alcohols was developedviamild visible-light-promoted sequential reaction.
Enhancing the gastrointestinal stability of salmon calcitonin through peptide stapling
Authors: Ghareeb Hiba , Metanis Norman
Published: April 2023

Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is a polypeptide hormone available in the clinic.
Quantitative NMR spectroscopy of complex mixtures
Authors: Giraudeau Patrick
Published: April 2023

The latest developments and applications in highly accurate quantitative NMR of complex mixtures.
Preparation and properties of novel (Tb1−xCex)3Sc2Al3O12 magneto-optical transparent ceramics with different doping concentrations
Authors: Wang Fang , Wu Yiheng , Xu Xieming , Zhang Rui , Luo Qi , Lu Hao , Wang Shuaihua , Wu Shaofan
Published: April 2023

(Tb1−xCex)3Sc2Al3O12 ceramics exhibited good optical quality and high Verdet constants, and were successfully prepared and optimised by Ce doping.
Non-covalent interactions in neutral and oxidized tetrathiafulvalenes
Authors: Kharraz Haia , Hachem Hadi , Le Gal Yann , Roisnel Thierry , Jeannin Olivier , Barrière Frédéric , Guizouarn Thierry , Lorcy Dominique
Published: April 2023

Synthesis, X-ray characterization together with ESP calculations of neutral and oxidized tetrathiafulvalenes able to form non-covalent interactions have been explored.
Quantum chemical calculation and growth process of Ga2O3 grown via TEGa under different oxygen sources in MOCVD
Authors: Wang Jie , Luo Tie-cheng , Yang Zhuo , He Yi-cong , Li Jian , Wang Gang
Published: April 2023

The chemical reaction pathway and growth process of Ga2O3 grown via TEGa and H2O/O2/N2O in MOCVD were investigated.
Synthesis and highly efficient photocatalysis applications of CdS QDs and Au NPs Co-modified KTaO3 perovskite cubes
Authors: Zhang Niuniu , Wu Xia , Lv Kangjia , Chu Yujie , Wang Guan , Zhang Dongdi
Published: April 2023

A highly efficient photocatalysis based on tantalate perovskite has been successfully fabricated for hydrogen evolution and degradation of dyes.
Interface prompted highly efficient hydrogen evolution of MoS2/CoS2heterostructures in a wide pH range
Authors: Wang Tian , Chang Pu , Sun Zhipeng , Wang Xiaohu , Tao Junguang , Guan Lixiu
Published: April 2023

The MoS2/CoS2heterostructures with high HER catalytic activity in all pH ranges.
Elucidating the toluene formation mechanism in the reaction of propargyl radical with 1,3-butadiene
Authors: Jin Jianhui , Xie Cheng , Gao Jiao , Wang Hong , Zhang Jinyang , Zhao Yujie , Gao Min , Ma Jiabi , Wang Zhandong , Guan Jiwen
Published: April 2023

Primary and secondary reactions of the pyrolysis of C3H3Br and 1,3-butadiene in the SiC tubular microreactor.
Biogeochemical and hydrologic synergy control mercury fate in an arid land river-reservoir system
Authors: Poulin Brett A. , Tate Michael T. , Ogorek Jacob , Breitmeyer Sara E. , Baldwin Austin K. , Yoder Alysa M. , Harris Reed , Naymik Jesse , Gastelecutto Nick , Hoovestol Charles , Larsen Christopher , Myers Ralph , Aiken George R. , Krabbenhoft David P.
Published: April 2023

Methylmercury formed in anoxic reservoirs associates with organic-rich particles and is exported downstream.
A review of the recent progress on direct heterogeneous catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbons
Authors: Shang Xin , Liu Guodong , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2023

This review presents important progress, main catalytic systems and critical scientific issues on direct heterogeneous catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbons.
Electrochemical single-step N-acylation and S-cyclization synthesis of thiazolimide via radical process
Authors: Li Yao , Zhang Jun , She Mengyao , Liu Lang , Yang Zheng , Liu Ping , Zhang Shengyong , Li Jianli
Published: April 2023

We report single-step electrocatalytic N-acylation and S-cyclization synthesis of thiazolimide with excellent tolerance of sensitive functional groups which prevents thermal reactions.
Breaking the bottleneck of simultaneously wide band gap and large nonlinear optical coefficient by a “pore reconstruction” strategy in a salt-inclusion chalcogenide
Authors: Pei Shao-Min , Liu Bin-Wen , Chen Wen-Fa , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: April 2023

By applying the “pore reconstruction” strategy, we offer a rare heterologous nanopore salt-inclusion chalcogenide, K3Rb3[K3Cl][Li2Mn4Ga12S27], which breaks the bottleneck of simultaneously wide band gap and large nonlinear optical coefficient.
Analysis of N-glycosylation protein of Kashin–Beck disease chondrocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells based on label-free strategies with LC-MS/MS
Authors: Wang Sen , Meng Peilin , Yuan Linlin , Guo Xiong
Published: April 2023

Comparing chondrocytes derived from KBD-iPSCs and normal-iPSCs, we obtained 68 differential N-glycosylation proteins. The proteins were classified by GO, KEGG and so on. These proteins may lead to the abnormal function of KBD chondrocytes.
Theoretical study of a novel porous penta-TaB with two-dimensional furrow surface as an anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Haipeng , Ren Jing , Ren Rui-Peng , Lv Yong-Kang
Published: April 2023

The transition metal boride five TaB anode material has small mass density, large effective specific surface area and high specific capacity. The two-dimensional wrinkled surface is favorable for the rapid diffusion of lithium ions.
A study on optical properties of various hot drug molecules by 2020
Authors: Zhang Chun , Yang Yuting , Yan Xue , Sun Yi-Tao , Shao Andong , Gao Sinuo , Zhou Yu-Bo , Ren Ai-Min , Li Jia , Wang Wen-Long
Published: April 2023

The optical properties of two small drug molecules (18 and 134) among top 200 pharmaceuticals by retails in 2020 have been systematically studied with a synergy of simulation and experiment.
Development of a BODIPY-based ratiometric fluorescence off-on dosimeter for gamma radiation
Authors: Choudhary Manoj K. , Mula Soumyaditya
Published: April 2023

A ratiometric fluorescence “off-on” dosimeter is developed using bare BODIPY dye, 8-(N,N-dimethylanilino) BODIPY. The dosimeter is useful for the detection of gamma radiation in the range of 0.5–150 Gy with a 0.5 Gy limit of detection.
Linear BeNCO and OBeNC: kinetically stable neutral Be-bearing free molecules
Authors: Xi Ning , Jia Cai-Xin , Yu Hai-Tao
Published: April 2023

The linear molecules BeNCO and OBeNC are kinetically stable enough for conducting experimental observation and detection.
Synthetic, spectral, structural and catalytic activities of 3-D metal format/acetate framework materials for CO2 conversion
Authors: Trivedi Manoj , Singh Gurmeet , Sharma Raj Kishore , Rath Nigam P. , Husain Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Copper and nickel polymer bridging by formate/acetate groups has been synthesized and used as substrate size-dependent catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides.
N, O co-doped porous carbon derived from pine needles for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Zheng Jiangtao , Song Qiongyao , Qi Ying , Leng Huitao , Zhou Weiqiang , Li Sheng , Qiu Jingxia
Published: April 2023

Pine needle-derived nitrogen and oxygen co-doped porous carbon can be utilized as high-performance electrodes in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.
Precise synthesis of high Tg adamantane-containing polystyrene derivatives via anionic polymerization
Authors: Kang Beom-Goo
Published: April 2023

Among the adamantane-containing polystyrene derivatives reported thus far, poly(4-(4-(N-adamantylimino)methyl)phenylstyrene) shows the highest Tg (268 °C).
Crystal growth and negative thermal expansion properties of a Y2Mo4O15 single crystal
Authors: Rong Wanling , Liu Fuan , Wang Xiangmei , Sun Youxuan , Gao Zeliang , Tao Xutang
Published: April 2023

A high-quality Y2Mo4O15 single crystal was grown by the top-seed solution growth method. The negative thermal expansion mechanism of the Y2Mo4O15 crystal has been explored and the space thermal expansion coefficient curve has been calculated.
Recent advances of peroxidase-active nanozymes in electrochemical immunoassays
Authors: Feng Jiejie , Yao Tao , Ma Zhanfang
Published: April 2023

A new type of nanomaterial with peroxidase activity (peroxidase-active nanozyme) has been widely used in the design of electrochemical immunosensors.
Complex defect chemistry of hydrothermally-synthesized Nb-substituted β′-LiVOPO4
Authors: Lee Krystal , Zhou Hui , Zuba Mateusz , Kaplan Carol , Zong Yanxu , Qiao Linna , Zhou Guangwen , Chernova Natasha A. , Liu Hao , Whittingham M. Stanley
Published: April 2023

Nb substitution via hydrothermal synthesis led to a new β′-LiVOPO4 phase with complex defect chemistries. The samples showed improved high-voltage rate capabilities and an enlarged voltage hysteresis due to a partial V4+/V3+ redox reaction.
Non-equilibrium plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane over shape-controlled CeO2 supported ruthenium catalysts
Authors: Ahasan Md Robayet , Hossain Md Monir , Ding Xiang , Wang Ruigang
Published: April 2023

In this report, CeO2 and SiO2 supported 1 wt% Ru catalysts were synthesized and studied for dry reforming of methane (DRM) by introducing non-thermal plasma (NTP) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) fixed bed reactor.
Flexible and interlocked quartz fibre reinforced dual polyimide network for high-temperature thermal protection
Authors: Huang He , Yan Xiaojie , Jin Xiangyu , Wu Can , Pan Yiwu , Wang Hebing , Zhu Chuncheng , Hong Changqing , Han Wenbo , Zhang Xinghong
Published: April 2023

A flexible and lightweight composite with high-temperature thermal protection was obtained through an interlocking strategy. The compressible, bendable, thermostable, flame retardant, and hydrophobic composite is potential in the field of aerospace.
Hierarchical hydrogel scaffolds with a clustered and oriented structure
Authors: Cheng Jian , Xue Jiangtao , Yang Yuan , Yu Dengjie , Liu Zhuo , Li Zhou
Published: April 2023

Directional freezing and drying under stretching are combined to fabricate hierarchical hydrogel scaffolds with a clustered and oriented structure, which guides the alignment and orientation of fibroblasts and chondrocytes.
Pressure-induced structural phase transition, irreversible amorphization and upconversion luminescence enhancement in Ln3+-codoped LiYF4 and LiLuF4
Authors: Ma Yingying , Wen Ting , Liu Ke , Jiang Dequan , Zhao Mei-Huan , Lin Chuanlong , Wang Yonggang
Published: April 2023

The pressure-induced structural transformation and irreversible amorphization contribute to 1.2–2.6 times upconversion luminescence enhancement in Ln3+ codoped LiYF4 and LiLuF4.
Mutagenic incorporation of inosine into DNA via T:I mismatch formation by human DNA polymerase eta (polη)
Authors: Averill Jameson R. , Jung Hunmin
Published: April 2023

Inosine is a key intermediate in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis in cells. Inosine is known to be mutagenic when it is present in DNA, in place of adenine via deamination, by facilitating the incorporation of dCTP exclusively, resulting in A:T to G:C mutation. The structural basis for the mutagenicity of inosine bypass has been reported in some DNA polymerases including human DNA polymerase eta (polη). However, the structural and biochemical basis for the mutagenic potential of the incorporation of deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) into DNA remains poorly understood. To gain insights into the mutagenic potential of the incorporation of inosine into DNA, we conducted structural and kinetic studies of human polη incorporating dITP across undamaged DNA template containing dC or dT. Polη incorporated dITP opposite dC 14-fold more efficiently than opposite dT, indicating that dITP incorporation by polη can be mutagenic unlike the bypass of inosine by polη, which incorporated dCTP almost exclusively opposite the templating inosine over dTTP (70:1). Polη-dC:dITP crystal structure showed that the incoming dITP formed Watson-Crick base pair along with wobble base pair via 4-imino-2-keto tautomer of cytosine diminishing the catalytic efficiency compared to dGTP incorporation across dC. In addition, the crystal structure of polη-dT:dITP revealed that dT and dITP formed Watson-Crick like base pair via 4-enol-2-keto tautomer of thymine, reinforced by wobble base pair via 4-keto-2-keto tautomer of thymine resulting in the increased mutagenicity of dITP incorporation (14:1 across dC and dT), which is 14-fold higher than dGTP incorporation by polη (190:1 across dC and dT).
The structure and assembly of reaction centre-light-harvesting 1 complexes in photosynthetic bacteria
Authors: Swainsbury David J.K. , Qian Pu , Hitchcock Andrew , Hunter C. Neil
Published: April 2023

Chlorophototrophic organisms have a charge-separating reaction centre (RC) complex that receives energy from a dedicated light-harvesting (LH) antenna. In the purple phototrophic bacteria, these two functions are embodied by the ‘core’ photosynthetic component, the RC-LH1 complex. RC-LH1 complexes sit within a membrane bilayer, with the central RC wholly or partly surrounded by a curved array of LH1 subunits that bind a series of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and carotenoid pigments. Decades of research have shown that the absorption of light initiates a cascade of energy, electron, and proton transfers that culminate in the formation of a quinol, which is subsequently oxidized by the cytochrome bc1 complex. However, a full understanding of all these processes, from femtosecond absorption of light to millisecond quinone diffusion, requires a level of molecular detail that was lacking until the remarkable recent upsurge in the availability of RC-LH1 structures. Here, we survey 13 recently determined RC-LH1 assemblies, and we compare the precise molecular arrangements of pigments and proteins that allow efficient light absorption and the transfer of energy, electrons and protons. We highlight shared structural features, as well as differences that span the bound pigments and cofactors, the structures of individual subunits, the overall architecture of the complexes, and the roles of additional subunits newly identified in just one or a few species. We discuss RC-LH1 structures in the context of prior biochemical and spectroscopic investigations, which together enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of photosynthesis in the purple phototrophic bacteria. A particular emphasis is placed on how the remarkable and unexpected structural diversity in RC-LH1 complexes demonstrates different evolutionary solutions for maximising pigment density for optimised light harvesting, whilst balancing the requirement for efficient quinone diffusion between RC and cytochrome bc1 complexes through the encircling LH1 complex.
Research progress of intrinsic polymer dielectrics with high thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhou Wenying , Yao Tian , Yuan Mengxue , Yang Yating , Zheng Jian , Liu Jing
Published: April 2023

Heat dissipation has become an important challenge and technical bottleneck for the rapid development of high‐frequency microelectronic devices and high‐voltage electrical equipment. Thus, there is a great urgent need for high‐performance intrinsically thermally conductive polymer (ITCP) to realise effective heat dissipation. In recent year, the ITCP has received extensive attention due to excellent overall performances and clear advantages over conventional heat conductive polymer composites. The thermal transport physics and its relation with the multiscale chain conformations in polymers with diverse morphologies are reviewed. Then, the current understanding of how the chemistry of polymers, multiscale chain morphologies and conformations would affect phonon transport and the resulting thermal conductivity (TC) in both amorphous and crystalline polymers to unveil the important chemistry‐structure‐property relationships is discussed and anaysed. The latest advances in engineering ITCP from oriented fibre to bulk amorphous states for a high TC are summarised. Lastly, the challenges, prospects and outlook of ITCP have been proposed. The authors anticipate that the present paper will spire more fundamental and applied research in the intrinsic polymer dielectrics field to advance scientific understanding and industrial applications.
A new double mode control strategy for power router with very wide DC voltage range
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Dong Zhao , Li Geng , Wang Jinyu , Yao Jingyu , Zhang Aimin
Published: April 2023

In household applications, the power router is a cost‐effective device for AC/DC power conversion. To make it compatible with various types of DC loads without introducing extra power conversion stages, it is important that the power router can work in an extremely wide DC voltage range. However, this poses great challenges for the controller design. To address this concern, a double mode control scheme is proposed. The high frequency resonant DC/DC converter is employed together with a DC/AC converter to form the power router. Its circuit features on voltage gain and active power ratio are presented to guide the accurate controller design. Mode I is designed to ensure the high efficiency DC/DC conversion while the desired output DC voltage of power router is tracked by a DC/AC converter. For mode II, the phase shift scheme is triggered to eliminate the loss induced by the reactive power, and the desired output DC voltage is adjusted by DC/DC converter. Mode I and II cooperate to guarantee the wide DC voltage range to satisfy different load requirements. The experimental validation in a lab‐scale power router prototype shows that the proposed scheme not only provides extremely wide voltage range, but also guarantees high efficiency by effectively tracking the resonant frequency.
Performance improvement of a zero‐voltage switching interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter with low‐voltage stresses
Authors: Nouri Tohid
Published: April 2023

This paper proposes a novel interleaved ultra‐large gain zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) DC–DC converter for renewable energy systems. By using coupled inductor (CI) and built‐in transformer (BIT), a high‐voltage gain is achieved. The secondary windings of the CIs are connected in series with the primary winding of the BIT and the secondary winding of the BIT is inserted in voltage multiplier cell (VMC). In such a case, the voltage gain is proportional to the multiplication of the turn's ratios of the CI and BIT. To increase the devices’ utilization, the active clamp circuit not only provide ZVS performance for the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFETs) and recycles the leakage energy, but also participates in voltage gain enhancement. The voltage stress across the switches is considerably decreased and the low duty cycle reduces the conduction and switching losses. Low input current ripple, equal current sharing without a dedicated controller and common ground are the other merits of the proposed converter. Steady‐state analyses are presented and through a fair comparison, the superiority of the proposed converter over the state‐of‐the‐art is guaranteed. Finally, a 500‐W laboratory prototype with 20‐ to 400‐V voltage conversion is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
A target parameter estimation algorithm for integration of radar and communication based on orthogonal time frequency space
Authors: Shang Xiaoke , Zhang Zhenkai , Xiao Yue
Published: April 2023

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is a new method technique that supports reliable information transmission in a strong Doppler environment. Aiming at the radar target parameter estimation problem of integration of radar and communication (IRC) based on OTFS, this paper proposes a two‐step radar target parameter estimation algorithm combining maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and gradient descent (GD) principle. Firstly, the echo signal of the OTFS integrated signal is constructed and based on this, the ML estimation model is constructed, and the alternating projection (AP) algorithm is employed to make a rough estimation of the target parameters. Then the rough estimation results of the AP‐ML algorithm are employed as the initial value of the GD algorithm for the fine parameter estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better target parameter estimation performance and resolution while reducing the computational complexity.
Improving Belarusian energy system reliability in the context of Belarusian NPP commissioning
Authors: Kashin Mikhail , Novikov Nikolay , Novikov Alexander
Published: April 2023

The article presents the results of computational experiments confirming the efficacy of the phase-shifting transformer (PST) as a type of a phase-shifter, which is to be installed at the backbone 750/330 kV substation Belorusskaya, in the repair and post-emergency states of the Belarusian power system, as well as an analysis of technical and economic performance indicators.
Ensuring the reliability of the technological equipment of the cable company through the use of renewable energy sources
Authors: Tsypkina V.V. , Ivanova V.P.
Published: April 2023

To date, a "green" transformation of the industry is being carried out in the global energy sector, which will inevitably affect the decline in the level of consumption of natural energy resources, as well as the accompanying high financial and technological risks. The article discusses the issues of accelerating the possible energy transfer, in relation to enterprises producing cable and wire products. The analysis of possible methods and technologies that are aimed at making the transition and increasing the energy efficiency of cable machines is carried out. Improving the efficiency of technological processes will increase the profitability of the cable industry, as well as obtain significant savings in electrical energy. The solution of the task is focused on the use of an additional unit included in the electromechanical system of technological equipment having increased alternating loads (runout). The theoretical possibility of carrying out the improvement of cable machines has been studied by developing a mathematical model describing the physics of the process that ensures the energy efficiency of the proposed method. It is noted that the application of the considered method is possible not only for cable units and machines, but also for technological equipment with a certain shock load.