bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Подготовка специалистов в сфере государственно-частного партнерства
Authors: Хусаинов Руслан Владимирович
Published: May 2016

В представленной статье определены базовые основы государственно-частного партнерства как эффективного инструмента активизации инновационных процессов в экономики. Проанализирован опыт подготовки специалистов в сфере государственно-частного партнерства на примере России, Беларуси, Казахстана и Украины. Рассмотрены основные участники рынка образовательных услуг в сфере государственно-частного партнерства данных стран. Детально проанализирован процесс внедрения в учебный план высшего учебного заведения курса «Теория и практика государственно-частного партнерства» и доказана необходимость активизации подготовки специалистов в сфере государственно-частного партнерства.
Современные инновационные технологии в малоэтажном жилищном строительстве
Authors: Сайфуллина Фарида Маратовна , Бадрутдинова Алсу Ришатовна
Published: May 2016

В статье исследована североамериканская технология строительства, переход на которую окажет положительное влияние на решение ценовой проблемы развития отрасли малоэтажного строительства. Сделан вывод, что для социального строительства, в целях достижения доступных для малоимущих граждан цен, необходимы дополнительные мероприятия, которые гарантированно повысят ценовую доступность жилья. Представленные положения будут интересны профессиональным участникам рынка малоэтажного жилищного строительства.
Экспертиза и управление недвижимостью: подготовка конкурентоспособных специалистов в современных экономических условиях
Authors: Сиразетдинов Рустем Маратович
Published: May 2016

Инвестиционно-строительный комплекс – мощнейшая, динамично развивающаяся наукоемкая отрасль экономики страны, качественное обслуживание и развитие которой требует наличия высококвалифицированных специалистов. В современных условиях особую востребованность приобретает специальность инженера по профилю «Экспертиза и управление недвижимостью». В статье рассмотрены преимущества данной специальности, проанализированы актуальные возможные направления профессиональной деятельности и вопросы потенциального трудоустройства выпускников специальности. Круг раскрытых вопросов позволит потенциальным работодателям оценить перечень потенциальных знаний выпускников, а для желающих освоить перспективные и востребованные навыки – сделать уверенный шаг при выборе будущей профессии.
Экономико-математическая модель кооперации государственных корпораций и частного сектора в наукоемких отраслях промышленности
Authors: Кокуйцева Татьяна Владимировна , Юдин Александр Викторович
Published: May 2016

Статья посвящена исследованию роли государственно-частного партнерства в наукоемких отраслях промышленности в России и за рубежом. Описывается теоретико-игровая модель кооперации государственного заказчика и частных предприятий, при которой партнеры (государство и частные партнеры) имеют, с одной стороны, непротиворечивые интересы, а с другой стороны, являются не равноправными.
Влияние механизмов поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства на источник экономического роста северных территорий Красноярского края
Authors: Москвина Анна Валерьевна , Каячев Геннадий Федорович , Лихачева Татьяна Петровна
Published: May 2016

Проведен анализ механизмов поддержки малого и среднего предпринимательства в северных территориях Красноярского края в разрезе нормативно-правовой базы, имущественного, информационно-консультационного и финансового аспектах. Оценка их результативности дана составлением расходов консолидированного бюджета территорий на поддержку малого и среднего предпринимательства с количеством субъектов и налоговыми платежами как источниками экономического роста.
Институциональные аспекты формирования мотивационного механизма управления трудозанятостью
Authors: Симченко Наталия Александровна , Цёхла Светлана Юрьевна , Павленко Ирина Геннадьевна
Published: May 2016

В данной статье рассматриваются институты формирования мотивационного механизма управления трудозанятостью на макро- и микроэкономических уровнях. Раскрыта роль института как важнейшего регулятора трудовых отношений в обществе. Представлена структура формальных и неформальных институтов регулирования интереса трудящихся к трудовой деятельности на различных уровнях экономической системы. Данное исследование будет представлять интерес для специалистов в сфере регулирования трудовых отношений на макро- и мезоуровнях, а также ученых, занимающихся проблематикой институционального обеспечения развития рынка труда.
Особенности развития возобновляемых источников энергии в России и в мире
Authors: Баринова Вера Александровна , Ланьшина Татьяна Александровна
Published: May 2016

В статье рассмотрены основные тенденции развития возобновляемой энергетики, как перспективного сектора инновационной экономики. Проведен краткий анализ внедренной в последние годы в России системы государственной поддержки данного сектора, в сравнении с поддержкой в других странах. Выявлены основные барьеры, препятствующие активному развитию возобновляемой энергетики в России и предложены пути их устранения.
Соглашения о распределении затрат в России: быть или не быть?
Authors: Шаталова Светлана Сергеевна , Захаренкова Елена Владимировна
Published: May 2016

В статье рассмотрено понятие и правовое регулирование распределения затрат, проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются налогоплательщики, использующие модель распределения затрат в форме внутригрупповых услуг, тенденции арбитражной практики в отношении таких дел. Сделаны выводы о целесообразности внедрения специальных правил налогообложения при распределении затрат в российское законодательство.
Интервенционизм в экономике. Российский кейс недавней экономической истории
Authors: Чибисова Елена Ивановна , Чибисов Олег Валерьевич , Попов Григорий Германович
Published: May 2016

Авторы настоящей статьи предлагают оригинальный взгляд на проблему государственного вмешательства в российскую экономику на основе наблюдений за тенденциями последних 10 лет в экономическом развитии страны. Авторы убеждены, что традиционные западные рецептуры не могут дать радикального эффекта в российской экономике из-за структурных проблем. Многие свои выводы авторы основывают на анализе ситуации в экономике образования России как показательном примере состояния общественного сектора сегодня. Данное исследование представляет интерес для авторов, интересующихся проблемами генезиса в контексте изучения вопросов российской модели капитализма.
Модель оценки долгосрочной финансовой устойчивости предприятий производственного сектора
Authors: Петровская Мария Владимировна , Суханов Иван Владимирович
Published: May 2016

Рост кризисных явлений в экономике существенно повышает планку безопасного уровня финансовой устойчивости предприятий, особенно в производственных отраслях с длительным операционным циклом. В данной ситуации актуализируется вопрос прогнозирования и анализа перспективной финансовой устойчивости предприятия для целей чего нами предложена сбалансированная модель на основе агрегированного показателя долгосрочной финансовой устойчивости, применение которой позволяет оценить различные сценарии развития предприятия в соотношении с уровнем его финансовой устойчивости и выбрать наиболее оптимальный. Данное исследование может быть использовано на практике для повышения уровня финансового состояния, а также для дальнейших разработок по данной и смежным темам.
Схема поддержки малого предпринимательства Чувашской Республики по инвестиционным зонам
Authors: Семенова Анна Николаевна
Published: May 2016

В данной статье предложена схема развития инфраструктурного обеспечения малого предпринимательства, которая предполагает создание недостающих элементов инфраструктуры на основе стратегических направлений развития инвестиционных зон Чувашской Республики.
Факторы, влияющие на формирование и развитие рынка труда
Authors: Лехтянская Лариса Владимировна , Римская Татьяна Григорьевна
Published: May 2016

В статье авторы рассматривают один из основных элементов национальной экономики – рынок труда. Показывают, что функционирование и развитие национальной экономики зависит от рынка труда. Уделяют внимание факторам, от которых зависят изменения на рынке труда. Делают вывод, что рынок труда является экономическим индикатором развития общества. Статья может быть полезна для преподавателей экономики, студентов экономических специальностей, руководителей предприятий всех форм собственности.
Выявление организационных и функциональных моделей территорий опережающего развития в Российской Федерации
Authors: Андреев Вячеслав Андреевич
Published: May 2016

В статье представлены результаты структурного-функционального анализа действующих и перспективных территорий опережающего развития в регионах Дальнего Востока России, проведенного для выявления и систематизации моделей, способствующих устойчивому социально-экономическому развитию дальневосточных территорий. Целью исследования являлось обоснование предпосылок для перспективного формирования территорий опережающего развития в Российской Федерации, определение экономически обоснованных функциональных и организационных схем интеграции хозяйствующих субъектов в рамках территорий опережающего развития. Результаты исследования могут быть интересны специалистам в сфере регионального развития, программного и проектного управления органов исполнительной власти и местного самоуправления, исследователям в сфере пространственного развития экономики.
Анализ потенциала финансирования инфраструктурных проектов России
Authors: Фрейдина Ирина Александровна
Published: May 2016

В статье рассматривается модель диагностики потенциала финансирования проектов транспортной инфраструктуры России. Показывается ключевая зависимость перспектив развития транспортной инфраструктуры от диверсификации российской экономики, увеличения уровня ее сложности, повышения качества государственного управления и защиты инвестиций.
XIV Congreso Internacional de la FIEC (Burdeos, 25 a 30 de agosto de 2014)
Authors: Irigoyen Troconis Martha Patricia
Published: May 2016

En la ciudad de Burdeos, Francia, del 25 al 30 de agosto de 2014, se llevó a cabo el XIV Congreso de la Fédération Internationale des Associations d’Études Classiques (FIEC), cuya organización comenzó a planearse con cinco años de antelación, prácticamente de manera inmediata al congreso anterior, celebrado exitosamente en Berlín en 2009.
Thomas Loves: A Rhyming Book about Fun, Friendship – and Autism by J. Welton
Authors: Borle Sean
Published: May 2016

Welton, Jude.  Thomas Loves:  A Rhyming Book about Fun, Friendship – and Autism.  Philadelphia, PA:  Jessica Kingsley Publications, 2015. Print.This picture book introduces the day-to-day life of a happy kid, who happens to be autistic.  The book starts out presenting Thomas like any other boy, playing with a train.  Slowly we learn that he likes to repeat strange sounding words, can't stand loud noises, has a limited diet, flaps his hands if stressed, and requires a picture-plan of what is going to happen each day. The author does not try to make you feel sorry for Thomas or pity him.  It is just an introduction to this particular boy. The book is aimed at pre-school children, and both the cartoon pictures by Jane Telford and the rhymed text by Jude Welton will make the book attractive to small children.  It would be a good book to use with children who are in a classroom with an autistic child.  At the end of the book there are author notes that provide facts about autism. I highly recommend this book for elementary schools, day cares and public libraries.Highly Recommended:  4 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Sean BorleSean Borle is a University of Alberta undergraduate student who is an advocate for child health and safety.
L’œuf mystérieux par H. Flamand
Authors: Nadler Leticia
Published: May 2016

Flamand, Hélène. L’œuf mystérieux. La nouvelle plume. Collection : P’tits copains. Regina (Saskatchewan), 2015. Imprimé chez Houghton Boston.Hélène Flamand est une auteure d’Edmonton qui a écrit plusieurs albums jeunesses parus aux Éditions de la nouvelle plume et dans lesquels on y retrouve toujours des personnages animaliers. Hélène Flamand a plus d’une corde à son arc puisqu’en plus de l’écriture, elle partage son temps entre l’université de l’Alberta où elle donne des cours de psychologie et sa profession de psychologue scolaire. Dans son dernier ouvrage jeunesse, Hélène Flamand emmène ses lecteurs à la ferme où on y retrouve des lapins, des poules, des canes et un œuf abandonné surgi de nul part.L’œuf mystérieux c’est l’histoire de Duvet, une jolie cane qui décide d’aller se promener vers un étang où par hasard elle trouve un œuf. Face à ce petit orphelin, Duvet ne reste pas insensible, il lui faut retrouver sa maman au plus vite. Après une recherche sans succès dans la basse-cour de la ferme, l’instinct maternel s’empare de Duvet et elle pense à adopter ce petit être solitaire. C’est alors que surgit une maman cane dont ses œufs avaient été éparpillés. Grâce à Brigitte, ils ont tous été retrouvés sauf un. Et par amour maternel, Duvet se sépare de cette petite boule beige qu’elle venait d’adopter. La maman cane comprend la douleur de ce geste et s’empresse de dire à Duvet que d’une certaine façon elle est aussi sa maman.  Cette belle histoire est illustrée avec soin par Andrew S. Davis dont le coup de crayon se veut précis. Il a pensé au moindre détails de la vie animale à la campagne allant jusqu’à représenter au milieu de la flore une belle petite abeille et de nombreux papillons. L’auteure et l’illustrateur semblent avoir travaillé main dans la main pour réaliser cet album afin de permettre aux jeunes lecteurs de mieux suivre les aventures de Duvet.Derrière cette histoire d’œuf abandonné se cache une belle leçon de vie sur l’amour maternel du parent adoptif comme du parent biologique et du lien possible entre ces deux parents dans l’intérêt de l’enfant. Et même si cette histoire est riche en symbolique que seul les adultes peuvent percevoir, il ne fait aucun doute que ce livre plaira aux jeunes lecteurs de plus de 3 ans. Il leur montrera qu’un petit œuf n’est jamais seul et qu’il y aura toujours une maman pour l’aimer et s’occuper de lui.Note : 4 étoilesAuteure de la critique : Leticia NadlerLeticia étudie au Campus Saint-Jean depuis trois ans où elle effectue un baccalauréat en éducation secondaire avec une majeure en littérature. Elle écrit également des critiques littéraires pour le Franco, un journal francophone local
Tuniit: Mysterious Folk of the Arctic by R. & S. Qitsualik-Tinsley
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: May 2016

Qitsualik-Tinsley, Rachel and Sean Qitsualik-Tinsley.  Tuniit:  Mysterious Folk of the Arctic.  Iqaluit, NU:  Inhabit Media, 2014. Print.The Tuniit, also known as the Dorset culture of the Eastern Arctic, were replaced by the Inuit.  All that is left of them are stories and a few artefacts.  Rachel and Sean Qitsualik-Tinsley have done an admirable job of telling the story of the Tuniit, mixing traditional lore and scientific fact to create a well-rounded picture of these enigmatic people.  The authors’ relaxed and immediate style is refreshing.  In spite of the complexity and uncertainty surrounding the Tuniit, their presentation of the information is simple and age-appropriate for the intended upper elementary audience.  For example, they tell the reader that one “story even goes so far as to claim that their hunting tools were too big for them, dragging on the ground as they walked!” The authors introduce facts from recent scientific studies with equal simplicity and directness, “…the Tuniit, too, had once been part of a migration coming out of Alaska….In other words, Inuit and Tuniit were distant cousins.”While there is a lot of text and a lot of detail, there are images on almost every page. Sean Bigham’s artwork is excellent.  Whether a scary green-skinned qallupiluq or the shaman in the light of the fire, Bigham is able to capture an appropriate mood and sense.  He’s done a good job of depicting the Tuniit, incorporating physical features that are known only from legend.Over all this is a good book that fills a gap in Canadian childrens’ literature.  Highly recommended for public and school libraries.Highly recommended:  4 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Sandy CampbellSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
I Can See Just Fine by E. Barclay
Authors: Tan Maria
Published: May 2016

Barclay, Eric. I Can See Just Fine. New York, NY:, Abrams Appleseed, 2013. Print.Paige is a little girl who really needs glasses, but doesn’t know it. Her teachers and her mum and dad notice that she is having trouble with her vision, but when her parents decide to take her to the eye doctor, she’s not keen on going.Young readers will follow Paige as she goes for her eye examination and through the process of choosing frames. They will witness the dramatic change in how Paige sees the world when she finally gets her new glasses. I Can See Just Fine gives children get a sense of what to expect if they need glasses, ranging from what they will encounter during a visit to the optometrist or ophthalmologist, to the clinic environment, to the equipment and procedures, to being fitted for lenses and frames.Author and illustrator, Eric Barclay, crafts a story that is engaging, humorous, and instructive. His text and artwork highlights the fun and fascinating aspects of the eye exam and frame selection process. Barclay includes many details that draw in the reader and make reading and re-reading the story enjoyable, weaving humorous details around the central issue of Paige’s vision impairment. He employs two-page spreads at strategic points in the story, in one case representing the vast array of frames for Paige to select, and in another communicating the dramatic contrast between what Paige sees with and without her new glasses.I Can See Just Fine is a story that will entertain and educate young readers, and help children to feel less anxious about having their vision assessed and corrected. The story’s text and illustrations include subtle details that will appeal to older readers or to parents/older siblings reading the book to young children.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Maria TanMaria C. Tan is a medical librarian at the Abdul Khaliq Library in Alberta Health Services’ Cross Cancer Institute and a former editorial team member of the Deakin Review. She firmly believes that children's literature is an essential component in the fountain of youth.
Painted Skies by C. Mallory
Authors: Campbell Sandy
Published: May 2016

Mallory, Carolyn.  Painted Skies.  Iqaluit, NU:  Inhabit Media, 2015.  Print.The northern lights, or aurora borealis, are ethereal and difficult to reproduce in an image, however, illustrator Amei Zhao does an admirable job.  Carolyn Mallory’s story, told through the voices of two girls, Leslie and Oolipika, is a simple one encompassing the tradition that the northern lights are spirits playing a soccer-like game and that if they come too close, you might be hit by the ball.  To let the spirits know you are there, you click your fingernails together.  The Arctic environment is present throughout.  When Leslie jumps she is “all arms and legs like a young caribou”.  When the girls make snow angels they move their arms and legs “as if they were ptarmigans trying to get off the ground”.  The reading level is appropriate for a picture book. While the story is well-written, it is the artwork on which the story is printed that is the best part of this volume.  All of the pages are night pictures, so the images are shadowed, with highlights of moonlight.  The deep blues, blacks, purples and greens contrast with the pinks and lime greens of the northern lights. Zhao has also added whispy green figures of the auroral spirits running through the sky. While this is a simple book, it is another example of Inhabit Media’s excellent work in capturing Arctic stories and creating high quality publications with them.  This book is highly recommended for elementary school libraries and public libraries.Highly recommended:  4 stars out of 4Reviewer:  Sandy CampbelSandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines.  Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
Sizing Up Winter by L. Flatt
Authors: Tan Maria
Published: May 2016

Flatt, Lizann. Sizing Up Winter. Illus. Ashley Barron. Toronto, ON: Owlkids, 2013. Print.Children’s book author, Lizann Flatt, is a freelance editor and writer of children’s fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. Ms Flatt has enjoyed a longstanding relationship with Owl, beginning as a teen in 1981, when she won a writing contest and was published in Owl Magazine. Lizann went on to contribute in content development and editorial positions during and following her Arts degree.Hailing originally from Whitby, Ontario, Toronto-based illustrator, Ashley Barron is passionate about nature, and this comes through in her cut-paper collages.  Ms Barron’s skillful use of simple shapes, choice of colour and texture, and attention to detail, result in visually stunning cut-paper collage works, which are a central feature in Sizing up Winter, as well as the other books in the same series.Sizing up Winter is the third book in the Math in Nature series, which includes “Counting on Fall”, “Sorting through Spring”. This book pairs rhyming text with colourful nature-inspired artwork to introduce young readers to measurement concepts such as depth, distance, size, area, and time. Highlight boxes on each page ask questions that encourage readers to examine the images closely, encouraging interactive reading.Many of the pages use rhyming text, but this approach is used inconsistently. Some words and concepts may not be clear to young readers (e.g., mass, capacity) a glossary or call-out boxes on the same page as the introduced terms would have been helpful. The back of the book includes Nature Notes with additional information about the animals featured in the pages of the book, in the order in which the animals appear, rather than in alphabetical order.The online Teacher’s Guide resource, a pdf that includes support activities to reinforce measurement concepts from each page of the book, is a valuable addition to the book: http://www.owlkidsbooks.com/ResourcesActivities/TeacherGuides.aspx or http://www.owlkidsbooks.com/Portals/0/docs/teachersGuides/SizingUpWinter-TeacherGuides.pdf (pdf document). It’s unfortunate that the book itself does not mention its availability (I only learned about it from a publisher promotional insert in the review copy of the book).“Shaping up Summer”, a fourth book in the Math in Nature series will be released in Spring 2014.Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Maria TanMaria is a library intern at the University of Alberta’s John W. Scott Health Sciences Library. She enjoys travelling and visiting unique and far-flung libraries. Maria firmly believes that children's literature is an essential component in the fountain of youth.
Pass It On! by M. Sadler
Authors: Tan Maria
Published: May 2016

Sadler, Marilyn. Pass It On! Maplewood, NJ: Blue Apple Books, 2012. Print.Marilyn Sadler enjoys writing funny children’s stories and has authored over 30 books. Through her role as executive producer and writer for the Disney Channel, Sadler has seen some of her works turned into children’s movies and TV series. In Pass It On! Sadler puts a new spin on the traditional game of Telephone, with comical results.‘Cow is stuck in the fence! Pass it on!’ Cow’s friend, Bee starts the ball rolling, sending out a plea to the other animals, recruiting their help to rescue Cow.  The original message quickly gets distorted and becomes increasingly absurd, leaving the reader wondering: will anyone come to Cow’s aid?With its simple plot and humorous characters, this story is fun, engaging, and perfect for shared reading with young children.  Michael Slack, recognized for his humorous character art, shines in this illustrated work. He is skillful in his use of colour and texture, creating expressive depictions of the animals in the story while conveying a sense of urgency and excitement. The typeset used for the comic-book-like speech bubbles differentiates the characters’ speech from narrative aspects of the story and cues the reader to the tone and dynamic of the animals’ pronouncements.I recently read this to a group of four and five-year-olds, after playing the Telephone game with them. Throughout the story, the children responded with exclamations of, “That’s not right!” and a chorus of, “Pass it on!” as each animal communicated his or her misinterpretation of the message.Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Maria TanMaria is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta’s H. T. Coutts Education Library. She enjoys travelling and visiting unique and far-flung libraries. An avid foodie, Maria’s motto is, “There’s really no good reason to stop the flow of snacks”.
Physiological and histological approaches to study berry shrivel in grapes
Authors: Zufferey Vivian , Spring Jean-Laurent , Voinesco Francine , Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia
Published: May 2016

Aims: The current work aims to study berry shrivel in grapes (a grape-ripening disorder) in relation to vine water status and climatic conditions using physiological and histological approaches.

Methods and results: Measurements of rachis hydraulic conductance on grapevine clusters (Vitis vinifera L.) and observations of the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) using transmission electron microscopy were conducted on rachises from healthy clusters and clusters having berry shrivel (BS) symptoms during the season. BS intensity was largely dependent on the vine water status: BS was greater in vines without water stress than in vines with moderate to high water stress around veraison time. Preliminary results showed that rachis hydraulic conductance declined sharply after veraison but remained slightly higher in healthy clusters in comparison with clusters presenting BS symptoms. An important degradation of the primary phloem was observed in the rachises of BS clusters, with the appearance of hard, non-functional liber (secondary phloem) and a disorganization of the cell content in the phloem tissue. An alteration of the primary xylem was also observed in the middle of the rachis and in the secondary rachis ramifications.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the decrease in sugar and water accumulation in BS berries would primarily be associated with a decline in rachis phloem functionality.

Significance and impact of the study: The management of the vine water status plays a key role in berry shrivel development.
Influence of leaf removal and reflective mulch on phenolic composition of white wines
Authors: Osrečak Mirela , Karoglan Marko , Kozina Bernard , Preiner Darko
Published: May 2016

Aim: The aim of this research was to evaluate if leaf removal and red geotextile reflective mulch “Vitexsol” could affect phenolic composition of wines from three white cultivars, Riesling italico, Traminer, and Manzoni bianco.

Methods and results: A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the effects of leaf removal and reflective mulch on the phenolic composition of white wines from Zagreb vineyards in northwestern Croatia. Leaf removal (LR) and reflective mulch (RM) “Vitexsol”, made from weave of aluminum platelets protected by a transparent film and sewn together with red polypropylene threads, were tested separately and combined (LR+RM) on vines of Traminer, Riesling italico and Manzoni bianco in 2008 and 2009. LR and RM had no consistent effect on must sugar content and titratable acidity. All treatments resulted in higher total phenol and flavan-3-ol content in wines of all cultivars, but in different years. LR+RM generally resulted in the highest phenolic acid and individual flavan-3-ol content in all wines except Traminer. RM treatment had the least effect on phenolic composition of wines.

Conclusion: LR+RM generally resulted in the highest content of most phenolic compounds, especially when compared to control wines.
Significance and impact of the study: This work provides some useful informations for adjusting vineyard practices and thus optimizing phenolic quality of white wines.
Visual Soil Structure Effects of Tillage and Corn Stover Harvest in Iowa
Authors: Tormena Cassio A. , Karlen Douglas L. , Logsdon Sally , Cherubin Maurício R.
Published: May 2016

Core Ideas

VESS detected soil structural quality changes under corn stover harvest and tillage systems.

A high level of corn stover harvest had an adverse effect on the soil structural quality.

Under high stover harvest, structural quality in chisel plow was worse than in no‐tillage.

VESS should be further evaluated as an integrative soil quality/health indicator.

High levels of corn (Zea mays L.) stover harvest for ethanol production have raised concerns regarding negative consequences on soil structure and physical quality. Visual soil structure assessment methods have the potential to help address these concerns through simple, straightforward on‐farm evaluations. Our objective was to determine if the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) approach could detect soil structural quality differences associated with different levels of corn stover harvest and tillage practices. We evaluated no harvest and moderate and high stover harvest levels within no‐tillage (NT) and chisel plow (CP) plots following 7 yr of continuous corn. Undisturbed 10‐ by 20‐ by 25‐cm soil samples were taken using a spade in April 2015. The thickness and structural quality (Sq) scores for the 0‐ to 5‐ (top) and 5‐ to 20‐cm (bottom) soil layers were determined, and an overall Sq was computed. The Sq values showed a significant interaction between corn stover harvest and tillage practice. Soil structural quality showed no significant differences between NT and CP systems for either the no‐ or moderate‐harvest treatments, but with a high stover harvest rate, CP structural quality was worse than NT. With NT, both moderate and high rates of stover harvest significantly increased Sq compared to no harvest; in CP, there was no significant difference between the no‐ and moderate‐harvest treatments. Only a high level of stover harvest had an adverse effect on the Sq rating. The VESS approach was sensitive for detecting the effects of corn stover harvest and tillage systems on soil structural quality and should be further evaluated as an integrative, on‐farm soil quality/health indicator.
Simultaneous removal of rotavirus and adenovirus from artificial ground water using hydrochar derived from swine feces
Authors: Chung J. W. , Breulmann M. , Clemens A. , Fühner C. , Foppen J. W. , Lens P. N. L.
Published: May 2016

Hydrothermal carbonization technology can convert fecal waste into a valuable carbonaceous product referred to as hydrochar. We investigated the potential of fecal waste-derived hydrochar as an adsorbent for virus removal in water treatment. Swine feces was hydrothermally treated under two conditions: at 180 °C for 2 h and 230 °C for 7 h. The resulting solid products (hydrochar) were evaluated as virus adsorbents in water treatment. Simultaneous removal of pathogenic rotavirus (RV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was investigated using a sand column set-up of 10 cm bed height with and without hydrochar supplement (1.5%, w/w). The removal efficiency of both viruses in a hydrochar-amended column was >3 log (complete removal). The amount of virus released in deionized water when flushed into the virus-retaining columns indicated that the secondary energy minimum played a more important role in RV retention than that of HAdV. Zeta-potential and hydrophobicity measurements on hydrochar materials indicated that the improved virus removal performance of hydrochar-amended columns was induced by the provision of extra hydrophobic surfaces. This study provides evidence that fecal waste-derived hydrochar can be used as a competent virus adsorbent.
Fire prediction for a non-sanitary landfill “Bubanj” in Serbia
Authors: Mihajlovic Emina , Milosevic Lidija , Radosavljevic Jasmina , Djordjevic Amelija , Krstic Ivan
Published: May 2016

This paper reviews the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill near the City of Nis,
Serbia, which has been used for 47 years and which is categorized as a
non-sanitary landfill. We utilised the LandGEM 3.02 model, used for
estimating landfill gas emission rates, to calculate the amount of landfill
gases. Additionally, we measured the amount and composition of landfill gas
in section S4 of the landfill from July 2014 to June 2015. We utilised the
ALOHA software to estimate the fire-vulnerable zone. The results of our
analysis show that the measured average methane emission is higher than the
calculated emission. The difference between the measured average emission and
calculated emission of methane is logical, as the measurements were performed
in an active section, where methane emission higher than in inactive sections
is to be expected. Based on the measured methane emissions during one year,
we conclude that the methane emission drops as the ambient temperature drops.
This paper showcases the state of the ?Bubanj? landfill, which is highly
unsatisfactory in terms of environmental and fire protection because of
landfill gas generation.
Synthetic bone graft versus autograft or allograft for spinal fusion: a systematic review
Authors: Buser Zorica , Brodke Darrel S. , Youssef Jim A. , Meisel Hans-Joerg , Myhre Sue Lynn , Hashimoto Robin , Park Jong-Beom , Tim Yoon S. , Wang Jeffrey C.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this review was to compare the efficacy and safety of synthetic bone graft substitutes versus autograft or allograft for the treatment of lumbar and cervical spinal degenerative diseases. Multiple major medical reference databases were searched for studies that evaluated spinal fusion using synthetic bone graft substitutes (either alone or with an autograft or allograft) compared with autograft and allograft. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cohort studies with more than 10 patients were included. Radiographic fusion, patient-reported outcomes, and functional outcomes were the primary outcomes of interest.

The search yielded 214 citations with 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria. For the patients with lumbar spinal degenerative disease, data from 19 comparative studies were included: 3 RCTs, 12 prospective, and 4 retrospective studies. Hydroxyapatite (HA), HA+collagen, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), calcium sulfate, or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were used. Overall, there were no differences between the treatment groups in terms of fusion, functional outcomes, or complications, except in 1 study that found higher rates of HA graft absorption.

For the patients with cervical degenerative conditions, data from 8 comparative studies were included: 4 RCTs and 4 cohort studies (1 prospective and 3 retrospective studies). Synthetic grafts included HA, β-TCP/HA, PMMA, and biocompatible osteoconductive polymer (BOP). The PMMA and BOP grafts led to lower fusion rates, and PMMA, HA, and BOP had greater risks of graft fragmentation, settling, and instrumentation problems compared with iliac crest bone graft.

The overall quality of evidence evaluating the potential use and superiority of the synthetic biological materials for lumbar and cervical fusion in this systematic review was low or insufficient, largely due to the high potential for bias and small sample sizes. Thus, definitive conclusions or recommendations regarding the use of these synthetic materials should be made cautiously and within the context of the limitations of the evidence.
Helmet efficacy against concussion and traumatic brain injury: a review
Authors: Sone Je Yeong , Kondziolka Douglas , Huang Jason H. , Samadani Uzma
Published: May 2016

Helmets are one of the earliest and most enduring methods of personal protection in human civilization. Although primarily developed for combat purposes in ancient times, modern helmets have become highly diversified to sports, recreation, and transportation. History and the scientific literature exhibit that helmets continue to be the primary and most effective prevention method against traumatic brain injury (TBI), which presents high mortality and morbidity rates in the US. The neurosurgical and neurotrauma literature on helmets and TBI indicate that helmets provide effectual protection against moderate to severe head trauma resulting in severe disability or death. However, there is a dearth of scientific data on helmet efficacy against concussion in both civilian and military aspects. The objective of this literature review was to explore the historical evolution of helmets, consider the effectiveness of helmets in protecting against severe intracranial injuries, and examine recent evidence on helmet efficacy against concussion. It was also the goal of this report to emphasize the need for more research on helmet efficacy with improved experimental design and quantitative standardization of assessments for concussion and TBI, and to promote expanded involvement of neurosurgery in studying the quantitative diagnostics of concussion and TBI. Recent evidence summarized by this literature review suggests that helmeted patients do not have better relative clinical outcome and protection against concussion than unhelmeted patients.
Reappearance of arteriovenous malformations after complete resection of ruptured arteriovenous malformations: true recurrence or false-negative early postoperative imaging result?
Authors: Aboukaïs Rabih , Vinchon Matthieu , Quidet Mathilde , Bourgeois Philippe , Leclerc Xavier , Lejeune Jean-Paul
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

Ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are often obliterated after emergency microsurgical treatment. However, some studies have reported AVM recurrence after the obliteration of ruptured AVMs. The authors report their experience with AVM recurrence after successful microsurgical treatment of ruptured AVMs.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the medical data of 139 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgery at the authors' institution for ruptured AVM between 2002 and 2012. Each patient underwent a conventional cerebral angiography examination immediately after the surgery. Subsequent follow-ups were performed with MR angiography after 6 months, and, if there was no indication of AVM recurrence, patients were followed up with conventional cerebral angiography between 1 and 2 years after the treatment; pediatric patients were followed up until age 18 years. Recurrence was defined as new radiological evidence of an AVM at the site of a ruptured AVM or a new hemorrhage in patients with angiographically documented AVM obliteration on postoperative angiograms.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients at the time of ruptured AVM diagnosis was 30.8 years (SD ± 5, range 4–69 years), and 44 of the patients were younger than 18 years (the mean age at diagnosis in this pediatric subgroup was 11.4 years [range 4–17.9 years]). Complete AVM obliteration after the initial microsurgery was observed in 123 patients (89.5%). Reappearance of an AVM was noted in 7 patients between 12 and 42 months after the treatment, and all of these patients were younger than 18 years. The recurrent AVM was located in an eloquent zone in 4 patients, and deep venous drainage was noted in 3 patients. Radiosurgery was performed in 6 of these patients, and 1 patient underwent another microsurgical procedure. The authors noted only one rebleeding due to an AVM recurrence during the latency period after radiosurgery.

CONCLUSIONS

The recurrence of an AVM is fairly rare and affects mostly pediatric patients. Therefore, especially in children, long-term angiographic follow-up is required to detect AVM recurrence or an AVM remnant. The authors stress the need for discussion involving a multidisciplinary neurosurgical team to decide on treatment in cases of any AVM recurrence or remnant.
Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma with preexisting comorbidities causing disturbed consciousness
Authors: Abe Yasuaki , Maruyama Keisuke , Yokoya Shigeomi , Noguchi Akio , Sato Eishi , Nagane Motoo , Shiokawa Yoshiaki
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is widely treated by drainage through a bur hole opening. However, whether and how preexisting comorbidities causing disturbance of consciousness affect patient outcomes remains unclear.

METHODS

The authors analyzed 188 consecutive patients with CSDH who were surgically treated at the Neurosurgery Institute of the Kyorin University School of Medicine between 2010 and 2012 and followed them for more than 90 days. The mean patient age was 77.0 years (range 33–101 years) and 56 were women. Patient outcomes including modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, postoperative morbidity and mortality, and recurrence 90 days after initial surgery were analyzed according to preexisting comorbidities causing disturbance of consciousness. The comorbidities observed in 46 patients (24%) included dementia (30 patients), history of ischemic stroke (10 patients), psychiatric disorders (3 patients), and others (3 patients).

RESULTS

Background characteristics of patients with comorbidities showed older patient age (p < 0.001), lower preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale score (p < 0.001), and higher preoperative mRS score (p < 0.001). The mean mRS score 90 days after the neurosurgical procedure was 1.2 in all 188 patients, which was significantly higher in those with comorbidities (p < 0.001). By 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures, interaction existed between the presence of comorbidities and mRS score, and improvement of mRS score was observed in smaller proportions of patients with comorbidities (p = 0.002). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of comorbidities, patient age, reoperation for recurrence, and preoperative mRS score were significantly related to poor outcomes, defined as mRS score of 3 or more at 90 days after surgery. Postoperative morbidity (p < 0.01) and mortality (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in those with comorbidities, whereas the rate of recurrence of CSDH was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS

The preexistence of comorbidities causing disturbance of consciousness affected severity and outcomes 90 days after surgical treatment of CSDH, and comorbidities were also correlated with aging.
Surgical outcomes after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in patients with renal dysfunction and/or aortic arch calcification
Authors: Sakaura Hironobu , Miwa Toshitada , Kuroda Yusuke , Ohwada Tetsuo
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

The authors recently reported that the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or extended abdominal aortic calcification was associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. CKD is one of the highest risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis. Therefore, impaired blood flow due to atherosclerosis could exacerbate degeneration of the cervical spine and neural tissue. However, there has been no report of a study evaluating the deleterious effects of CKD and atherosclerosis on the outcomes after decompression surgery for cervical compression myelopathy. The purpose of this study was thus to examine whether CKD and systemic atherosclerosis affect surgical outcomes after laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

METHODS

The authors analyzed data from 127 consecutive cases involving patients who underwent laminoplasty for CSM and met their inclusion criteria. Stage 3–4 CKD was present as a preoperative comorbidity in 44 cases. Clinical status was assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) cervical myelopathy evaluation questionnaire before surgery and 2 years postoperatively. As a marker of systemic atherosclerosis, the presence of aortic arch calcification (AoAC) was assessed on preoperative chest radiographs.

RESULTS

AoAC was found on preoperative chest radiographs in 40 of 127 patients. Neither CKD nor AoAC had a statistically significant deleterious effect on preoperative JOA score. However, CKD and AoAC were significantly associated with reductions in both the JOA score recovery rate (mean 36.1% in patients with CKD vs 44.7% in those without CKD; 26.0% in patients with AoAC vs 48.9% in those without AoAC) and the change in JOA score at 2 years after surgery (mean 2.3 points in patients with CKD vs 3.1 points in those without CKD; 2.1 points for patients with AoAC vs 3.2 points for those without AoAC). A multivariate regression analysis showed that AoAC was a significant independent predictor of poor outcome with respect to both for the difference between follow-up and preoperative JOA scores and the JOA score recovery rate.

CONCLUSIONS

CKD and AoAC were associated with increased rates of poor neurological outcomes after laminoplasty for CSM, and AoAC was a significant independent predictive factor for poor outcome.
Variation in Recent Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Implications for Prodromal Detection
Authors: Swallow Diane M.A. , Lawton Michael A. , Grosset Katherine A. , Malek Naveed , Smith Callum R. , Bajaj Nin P. , Barker Roger A. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Burn David J. , Foltynie Thomas , Hardy John , Morris Huw R. , Williams Nigel , Wood Nicholas W. , Grosset Donald G. ,   on behalf of PRoBaND Clinical Consortium
Published: May 2016

Background: The detection of prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD) is desirable to test drugs with neuroprotective potential, but will be affected by known disease variations.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of four key non-motor prodromal PD markers, and evaluate the sensitivity of case detection when non-motor screening tools for prodromal PD are implemented in an early clinical PD cohort.

Methods: Hyposmia (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test ≤15th centile or Sniffin’ Sticks at or ≤10th centile corrected for age and sex), rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD questionnaire >4), constipation (<1 daily spontaneous bowel motion) and depression (Leeds >6) were recorded in recent onset PD cases, and proposed non-motor screening criteria applied.

Results: In 1,719 PD cases, mean age 68.6 years (SD 8.1), 65.5% male, mean disease duration 1.3 years (SD 0.9), 72.2% were hyposmic, 43.3% had RBD, 22.1% depression, and 21.5% constipation. 11.6% of cases had no key non-motor features, 38.8% one, 32.1% two, 15.5% three, and 2.0% all four. Increasing numbers of non-motor features were associated with younger age ( p = 0.019), higher motor scores ( p < 0.001), more postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) ( p < 0.001), greater cognitive impairment ( p < 0.001) and higher total non-motor burden ( p < 0.001). Cases with hyposmia alone were younger ( p < 0.001), had less severe cognitive ( p = 0.006) and other non-motor features ( p < 0.001). All screening criteria selected younger patients ( p = 0.001, p < 0.001), three of four greater overall non-motor burden ( p = 0.005, p < 0.001), and inclusion of RBD more cognitive impairment ( p = 0.003, p = 0.001) and PIGD ( p = 0.004, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Varying sensitivity levels, and age and phenotype selectivity, are found when different non-motor screening methods to detect prodromal PD are applied to an early clinical PD cohort.