bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Развитие межрегиональных туристских агломераций на примере Северо-Западного федерального округа
Authors: А.К. Лутошкина
Published: October 2024

В статье обозначена необходимость типологизации регионов Северо-Западного федерального округа по уровню развития внутреннего туризма с целью развития межрегиональных туристских агломераций. Проведено исследование показателей развития туризма в регионах. Представлен рейтинг субъектов Северо-Западного федерального округа. Выявлены возможные туристские агломерации в субъекте («Мурманская область и Республика Карелия», «Республика Коми и Ненецкий автономный округ», Архангельская и Вологодская области», «Ленинградская область и город Санкт-Петербург», «Новгородская и Псковская области»). Формирование межрегиональных туристских агломераций оказывает положительное влияние на развитие туризма в регионах Российской Федерации, способствуя увеличению валового регионального продукта и сбалансированному социально-экономическому развитию территорий.

The article points out the need for typology of regions of the North-West federal district according to the level of development of domestic tourism in order to develop interregional tourist agglomerations. The study of indicators of tourism development in the regions was conducted. The ranking of entities of the Northwest Federal District was presented. Possible tourist agglomerations in FZF identified. For example: «Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia», «Komi Republic and Nenets Autonomous District», Arkhangelsk and Vologda Districts», «Leningrad region and city of Saint Petersburg», «Novgorod and Pskov Districts». The formation of interregional tourist agglomerations has a positive impact on the development of tourism in the regions of the Russian Federation, contributing to increase of the regional gross product and balanced socio-economic development of territories.
Особенности, принципы и способы управления рисками современных инвесторов на финансовом рынке
Authors: Н.С. Антонов
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируются особенности, принципы и способы управления рисками современных инвесторов на финансовом рынке. К основным результатам исследования относятся: выделение особенностей, принципов и современных способов управления рисками, обозначение их последствий, а также предложение авторского перечня действий, которые необходимо совершать инвестору для поддержания и повышения эффективности управления рисками на финансовых рынках.

The purpose of the study is to identify the features, principles and methods of risk management of modern investors in the financial market. As a methodology, it is necessary to highlight the analysis of articles relevant to the topic of the study, synthesis and generalization of the data obtained. The main results of the study include: identifying the features, principles and modern methods of risk management, identifying their consequences, as well as proposing the author’s list of actions that an investor must take to maintain and improve the effectiveness of risk management in financial markets.
Основные проблемы и вызовы социально-экономического развития Северо-Кавказского федерального округа
Authors: Н.С. Коков , М.М. Хачев , И.Т. Хашхожев , К.В. Ашинов
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются проблемы социально-экономического развития Северо-Кавказского федерального округа, сложный характер которых требует реализации целенаправленной политики по обеспечению его устойчивого развития. Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ занимает особое положение в социально-экономической структуре развития России, так как некоторые показатели воспроизводства существенно отличаются от общероссийских. Для достижения качественных результатов развития в округе разработан план мероприятий по реализации Стратегии социально-экономического развития на период до 2030 года.

The article considers the problems of socio-economic development of the North Caucasus Federal District, the complex nature of which requires the implementation of a targeted policy to ensure its sustainable development. The origins of human civilization were formed in the North Caucasus, and it is here that all processes of socio-political and economic development have always gained their impetus and potential, spreading to all other regions of the Planet. The North Caucasus Federal District (hereinafter referred to as the NCFD) occupies a special position in the socio-economic structure of Russia’s development, since some reproduction indicators differ significantly from the all-Russian ones. In order to achieve high-quality development results, the district has developed an action plan for the implementation of the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the NCFD for the period up to 2030.
К вопросу об особенностях совершенствования системы управления организацией ЖКХ
Authors: И.С. Зимина
Published: October 2024

В исследовании рассматриваются вопросы повышения эффективности управления организациями жилищно-коммунального хозяйства в России. Выделены различные подходы к управлению ЖКХ, например инновационный (цифровизация), процессный, логистический и др. Отмечается, что в совершенствовании системы управления организацией ЖКХ важным является повышение прозрачности и улучшение взаимодействия с потребителями через открытые отчеты, информационные системы и мобильные приложения, что позволяет обеспечить более качественное оказание услуг. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам стратегического планирования и кооперации между организациями, сетевого партнерства, интеграции цифровых технологий, которые способны повысить эффективность управления, улучшить планирование и оптимизировать расходование ресурсов. Подчеркивается важность реализации системы особенностей в совершенствовании системы управления организацией ЖКХ, среди которых учет специфики каждой организации, ориентация на потребности общества и государства, а также использование инновационных и цифровых решений для повышения качества и эффективности работы в целом.

This study explores the challenges of enhancing the efficiency of housing and utilities sector (HUS) management in Russia. The objective is to consolidate the key features of improving HUS management efficiency at the micro-level. The paper outlines various management approaches, such as innovative methods (digitalization), process-oriented, and logistics-based strategies, among others. It highlights the importance of increasing transparency and improving consumer interactions through open reports, information systems, and mobile applications, which contribute to better service delivery. Particular emphasis is placed on strategic planning, inter-organizational cooperation, network partnerships, and the integration of digital technologies, which can enhance managerial efficiency, improve planning, and optimize resource allocation. The paper stresses the need to implement a comprehensive set of measures for improving HUS management systems, including accounting for the specific characteristics of each HUS organization, addressing societal and governmental needs, and applying innovative and digital solutions to improve the overall quality and effectiveness of HUS operations.
Анализ государственных программ, направленных на улучшение жилищных условий населения на территории Российской Федерации
Authors: К.Э. Филюшина , С.А. Костов
Published: October 2024

В статье проанализированы государственные программы, которые осуществляются на территории России с целью предоставления собственного жилья семьям со средним уровнем достатка, переселения граждан из аварийного жилья в достойные условия за счет государственного финансирования и создания и поддержания комфортной городской среды. Собрана информация о плановых ассигнованиях и кассовых расходах, направленных на реализацию государственной программы «Жилье и городская среда в Томской области» и также посчитан бюджет для реализации программы.

The state programs that have been implemented and are being implemented in the territory of the Russian Federation in order to provide their own housing to families with an average level of income, the relocation of citizens from emergency housing to decent conditions at the expense of state funding and the creation and maintenance of a comfortable urban environment are investigated and analyzed. The research work collected and analyzed information on planned allocations and cash expenditures aimed at the implementation of the state program “Housing and urban environment in the Tomsk region” and also calculated the budget for the implementation of the program.
A Novel Deep Learning Model for Stock Prediction Integrating Historical Prices, Core Volatility Trends and Financial News
Authors: Tekriwal Anshuman
Published: October 2024

Accurate stock price forecasting is crucial for investors and analysts aiming to make informed decisions and mitigate risks in financial markets. While deep learning models have proven effective in identifying complex patterns in quantitative data, they often struggle to account for non-quantitative factors such as corporate events, market sentiment, and regulatory changes that can cause unpredictable stock price movements. To address this challenge, an ensemble model is introduced that integrates historical price data, financial news, and stock fundamentals to predict next-day stock prices. The model combines one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (1D CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), applied independently to each data stream and concurrently as a unified ensemble, to capture both short-term and long-term market behaviors. NVIDIA (NVDA) stock was selected for testing due to its high volatility and rapid price fluctuations, presenting a challenging case for predictive modeling. Using data spanning from April 2014 to March 2024, the model achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.983 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of $12.72. These results suggest that the ensemble approach effectively captures both quantitative and qualitative factors, making it a promising tool for improving stock price prediction in volatile market conditions.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithm in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Review Using Binary Logistic Regression
Authors: Jain Mohit , Srihari Arjun
Published: October 2024

In the era of increasing cyber threats, the implementation of robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is crucial for safeguarding network integrity. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of various machine learning algorithms employed in IDS, with a specific focus on binary logistic regression as a comparative tool. We utilized a well-established dataset to evaluate the performance of multiple algorithms, including decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. Our findings reveal significant variations in accuracy, precision, and recall across the different algorithms. Binary logistic regression served as an effective benchmark, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each model. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse in cybersecurity by providing empirical evidence on the efficacy of machine learning approaches in detecting intrusions, offering insights for future enhancements in IDS design.
Unleashing Ghana’s Banking Sector Might: A Comprehensive Analysis of Contributions, Competitiveness, Challenges and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Bamfo Daniel
Published: October 2024

This study examines the contributions, competitiveness, and difficulties of Ghana’s banking industry through a thorough analysis of the literature. The sector, which contributes to Ghana’s GDP and supports SMEs and government projects, is beset by challenges such as high non-performing loan rates and expensive borrowing. However, secondary data from sources like the Bank of Ghana and scholarly journals show that the sector has a significant impact on GDP growth, employment creation, and financial inclusion. Through fintech and digital banking, it contributes to financial inclusion as well, despite ongoing obstacles like the digital divide and expensive service fees. The analysis points out important patterns and weaknesses and makes recommendations for strengthening financial inclusion, regulatory frameworks, and credit risk management. It recommends boosting technological innovation, cutting compliance costs, and improving risk management in order to increase competitiveness. Subsequent investigations ought to tackle the dynamically changing banking industry in order to bolster Ghana’s economic expansion and stability.
Assessing the Influence of Virtual Reality on Industrial Design Student’s Performance with Varying Levels of Spatial Ability
Authors: Nawi Azmir Mamat , Surip Siti Suhaily , Jamiat Nurullizam , Azizan Hasnul Azwan
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of technology has introduced virtual reality (VR) as a transformative educational tool, particularly in fields like industrial design that demand high levels of spatial cognition and visualization. However, disparities in spatial ability among students present significant challenges to achieving equitable learning outcomes. This study aims to assess the influence of VR on industrial design students’ performance, with a specific focus on how varying levels of spatial ability moderate this relationship. By investigating whether VR enhances the spatial reasoning skills of students with low spatial ability and comparing the performance of students with high and low spatial ability in VR environments, the study seeks to explore VR’s potential as an equalizing tool in design education. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with 100 industrial design students in Malaysia participating in pre- and post-tests to assess their spatial reasoning and design performance. Students were divided into high and low spatial ability groups based on standardized test results. Following an immersive VR design task intervention, both quantitative data (paired t-tests and ANOVA) and qualitative feedback from surveys and interviews were analyzed to assess performance changes and students’ perceptions of VR. The findings indicate that VR significantly enhances design performance for all students, with particular benefits for those with lower spatial ability. VR serves as a compensatory tool, helping to bridge the performance gap between students with different spatial abilities. The study’s implications suggest that incorporating VR into design education can promote more inclusive learning environments, allowing students of varying spatial abilities to improve their skills. However, further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of VR on spatial ability and its applicability across different educational contexts and disciplines.
Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Design Industry: Client Satisfaction through Enhancing Quality while Preserving Human Creativity
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Nur Firdaus , Jaapar Iqbal , Effendi Walid Muhmmad Syafrien , Sharif Fadly Mohamed , Mamat Khairulwafi , Nasir Nurul Farhana
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) is driving significant transformations within the design industry. As AI technologies advance, they are increasingly being incorporated at various stages of the design process, from conceptualization to final product delivery. This incorporation holds the potential to revolutionize the industry by enhancing efficiency, quality, and client satisfaction, while simultaneously preserving human innovation. The influence of AI is evident in its ability to streamline processes and optimize workflows, thereby reducing the time and effort necessary to complete projects. This leads to quicker turnaround times and lower costs, ultimately improving client satisfaction. Additionally, AI-driven personalization enables designers to create tailored solutions by analyzing user data and preferences, fostering a stronger connection between designers and clients. AI also promotes inclusivity and accessibility by offering solutions that cater to users with diverse abilities, such as AI-powered voice navigation tools for the visually impaired. However, concerns persist regarding the potential erosion of human creativity, with some fearing that AI could lead to homogenized and impersonal designs. To address these concerns, scholars advocate for “human-AI collaboration,” wherein AI augments rather than replaces human creativity, thereby enabling designers to explore new creative possibilities. As AI adoption continues to expand, it is essential to ensure that ethical AI practices are upheld, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and the elimination of bias. By prioritizing these principles and embracing a collaborative approach, the design industry can fully harness AI’s potential while maintaining the indispensable human element. This equilibrium will enable the industry to deliver innovative and high-quality designs that meet the needs of a diverse clientele.
Relationship Between Prison Physical Environment and Mental Health of Inmate. A Case of Marimanti G.K Prison in Tharaka Sub-County, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya
Authors: Muturi Magdaline Gatiria , Kiptui David Kipkorir , Kithela Shadrack Munanu
Published: October 2024

The prison’s physical environment can be defined based on the size of spaces within prisons, including cells and shared areas, the design of buildings, size of doors and windows e.t.c. Mental health related problems keep increasing in the society and prisons are not exceptional especially due to incarceration challenges like isolation and exposure to violence. Due to this phenomenon, the researcher carried out research on the relationship between prison physical environment and the mental health of inmates. The study employed one theory, Environmental Determinism theory by Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) which views the physical environment as deterministic in shaping human behavior. This study adopted a correlational research design. The study target population was 280 respondents and a sample of 80 respondents was randomly selected. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used as the research instruments. The reliability of the research instrument was enhanced through a pilot study at Chuka G.K Prison. Content and face validity was ensured in the instrument in this study through experts’ analysis. The study used a correlational study analysis; deploying multivariate regression analysis to examine the relationship between prison physical environment and mental health of inmates at Marimanti G.K prison. This was aided by the Statistical packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. Several tests were done starting with the pre-test analysis using cronbanch’s alpha. Demographic analysis was performed using Anova and T-test. Anova test revealed that there existed no significance differences in mental health perception by age and educational level according to inmates. However, among prison staff while age is not significant, education differences are significant. A regression analysis was carried which established that physical environment was a statistically significant predictor of mental health among inmates. Basing on this analysis, physical environment emerged a critical predictor of mental health scores in the case of both inmates and prison staff. Quantitative data was presented by use of graphs and tables while qualitative data was presented as themes. Consistent with the existing literature, the findings affirmed that improvement in physical conditions such as reducing overcrowding, enhancing sanitation, and ensuring adequate ventilation can lead to significant enhancement in mental wellness among prisoners.
An Assessment on the Influence of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Micro-Financing Institutes (MFIs): A Zambian Case Study
Authors: Zulu Temwani , Mumba Prudence
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of on financial performance of MFIs in Zambia. The main objective of the study was to investigate the influence of Corporate Governance on financial performance of Micro Financing institutes in Zambia. The study used descriptive approach, where a total of 57 MFI’s representing 94 % participated in the study. Questionnaires were purposively administered to the participants. Data analysis was done through the statistical package for social science (SPSS V26), presented using descriptive and inferential statistic. The findings of the study indicate that: MFIs’ in Zambia are mostly private and equity owned, and they adhere to Corporate Governance policies and have structures which support corporate governance; MFIs’ have a small Board Size, in which the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Controller (CFO) are appointed by the board; most MFIs’ financial statements are not audited but the Corporate Governance in place enhances quality of service, building of trust and confidence to shareholders; all MFI business dealing are legitimate and they operate within the confines of the law. MFIs’ have independent committees which operate with levels of autonomy; MFI in Zambia also have advisory groups in place that are skillful, resourced autonomous, monetary educated, satisfactory and appropriate redressed. The study tested a regression of p= 0.035 < 0.05, hence concluding that exceptional Corporate Governance practices are statistically associated with financial performance of MFIs in Zambia, therefore MFIs regardless of their Size should put up Corporate Governance structures, and ensure adherence of Corporate Governance polices to maximize financial performance
Islamic Bioethics in Health Technology Assessment: A Review of Key Ethical Frameworks
Authors: Sa’aid Hafizah Besar , Azman Azlin , Ramli Shahriza Ilyana , Kasim Noor Hidayah , Maon Siti Suriani , Hasan Hurriah Ali , Zakaria Ahmad Badri
Published: October 2024

Health technology assessment (HTA) is a multidisciplinary process that systematically examines the clinical, economic, social, and ethical impacts of health technologies. Its main purpose is to support healthcare decision-making by providing evidence on the value of medical interventions, including drugs, devices, procedures, and organizational systems. As healthcare systems worldwide grapple with rising costs, aging populations, and rapid advances in medical innovation, HTA plays an increasingly vital role in ensuring that healthcare solutions are not only safe and effective but also economically sustainable. The evolution of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) has increasingly incorporated ethical and social considerations alongside traditional clinical outcomes. This shift acknowledges the necessity of integrating diverse cultural and moral perspectives, particularly in a globalized healthcare environment. One significant framework gaining attention is Islamic bioethics, which offers unique insights into et
Enabling Technologies of IoT on Health Care
Authors: Sehar Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel , D L Ramya , G Shobha , M V Kavya
Published: October 2024

Human beings are highly stressed because of their profession, life style, food habits and environmental conditions. Due to these issues humans are facing chronic health issues like kidney, liver, pancreas failure, cardiovascular disease, changes in blood pressure and diabetes etc. The physical approaches are mainly used to monitor pressure, flow rate, temperature and organ imaging, while the chemical approach analyse the levels of different chemical analytes namely glucose, creatinine level, bilirubin, urea, WBC, RBC and Haemoglobin content etc., Both approaches are followed to determine the quality of human health through laboratories. In recent times, Internet of Things (IoT) is very helpful to monitor the human health, collection of data about the patient, storage, retrieval and usage of data. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a novel emerging technology in the field of healthcare with a lot of scope for précised treatment.
Heart Disease Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: E Gomathy Prathima , Jakaraddi Hanamant R , N M Pooja
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases rank among the primary factors leading to mortality, early detection and excellent prediction are essential. The rapid level through increased diagnostic accuracy in forecasting the occurrence of cardiac disease. Using patient information such as gender, age, and hypertension to foretell the implement of ventricular ailments, cholesterol levels, and other clinical markers, this chapter examines Robotic intelligence methods that have undergone in-depth research developed such as neural networks as a field, logic- regret, Decision-trees, and sup-vet- mac trees, have been developed. The models are trained and validated using conventional performance metrics, such as Formula One, memory, quality, and sharpness score, by utilizing a dataset from a reputable medical repository. The outputs indicate that statistical learning models, especially outfit draws near and brain organizations zeal have an eagerness to reach high prediction performance in clinical settings.
Revolutionizing Care: The Role of Machine Learning in Modern Medicine
Authors: Sivashankar Shilpa , Sehar Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel , M Ismail Shareef , Nair Aswathy V , C S Lakshmi , D Moulya , G Vidhya
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) is transforming healthcare by enhancing the accessibility, efficiency, and accuracy of medical procedures. As a branch of artificial intelligence, ML algorithms analyze data to make informed predictions and decisions. In diagnostic imaging, ML assists radiologists in interpreting CT, MRI, and X-ray images, identifying patterns and anomalies that may be missed by the human eye, improving early diagnosis of diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disorders. ML also plays a key role in personalized medicine by predicting individual responses to therapies, particularly in oncology, where genetic variations affect treatment outcomes. Additionally, ML accelerates drug discovery, reducing time and costs for new treatments. Beyond diagnosis and therapy, ML revolutionizes patient management through real-time monitoring of vital signs via wearable devices, enabling timely treatment of chronic conditions. It also helps optimize resource allocation and streamline administrative tasks, boosting healthcare system efficiency. However, ensuring accountability and transparency in ML models is crucial. Despite challenges, ML promises to revolutionize modern healthcare by improving diagnosis, tailoring treatments, and enhancing patient care.
Adaptation of IOT and AI technologies in Detecting Viral Infections and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: M Ismail Shareef , Sehar Allwin Ebinesar Jacob Samuel , Shivashankar Shilpa , Sagar Bhavani D , B T Chaya Lakshmi , S Nithin , Nabeel Syed
Published: October 2024

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare has ushered in a new era of disease detection and management, significantly impacting the way viral and cardiovascular diseases are addressed. IoT devices, such as wearable sensors and environmental monitors, collect vast amounts of real-time data, which AI algorithms then analyze to detect early signs of infections or abnormalities. This synergy between IoT and AI has proven particularly effective in the early detection and monitoring of diseases like SARS-CoV-2, HIV, influenza, and various cardiovascular conditions. By leveraging AI's predictive analytics and machine learning models, healthcare providers can detect the impact of disease route, predict outbreaks, and mark treatment strategies with unprecedented accuracy. Despite the challenges of data privacy and integration into existing healthcare infrastructures, the advancements in IoT and AI have led to significant improvements in patient outcomes. These technologies are poised to play an increasingly central role in global health strategies, offering enhanced diagnostic capabilities, real-time monitoring, and personalized care solutions that can reduce the burden of disease and improve quality of life.
Smart Pill Detection Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: M O Pallavi , . Channabasava , G M Deeksha
Published: October 2024

One of the most significant responsibilities of pharmaceutical safety is pill identification. The rapid advancement of technology has produced fresh chances to improve medication compliance, patient safety, and healthcare delivery. This is especially true in the healthcare industry. Pharmacies, including pills, tablets, and capsules, must be identified in order to ensure patient safety and the delivery of healthcare. In the past, this initiatives has primarily depended on manual processes and human judgement, which can be time-consuming and error-prone. Since drug errors can occur and can cause patient difficulties, proper prescription drafting is crucial for patient safety. These errors are mostly caused by label damage, inconsistencies in the way medications are taken, and other problems. This study looks at the use of deep learning and machine learning.
Biobased Activated Carbon from Palm Biomass Enhancing with Acid Treatment as Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Goodwin Vituruch , Sesuk Thanathon , Jitreewas Parinya
Published: October 2024

Current research on energy storage systems, batteries, and supercapacitor devices is aimed to enhance efficiency and improve environmental sustainability. Supercapacitors offer remarkable attributes such as high transient response and power density. Typically, supercapacitor electrode is made from highly porous carbon material, activated carbon. Commercial activated carbon could be produced from coal, peat, or coconut shell. This study focused on utilization of palm biomass, palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), as raw material to produce activated carbon electrode. The highly porous activated carbon from EFB was synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal process and chemical activation. The resulting EFB activated carbon demonstrates favorable characteristics in terms of elevated surface area and porosity. This research investigates the enhancement of activated carbon with acid treatment during hydrothermal process. Two types of acid, citric acid, and phosphoric acid, at different concentrations, were added to biomass. The acid-treated activated carbon from palm biomass was characterized for the specific surface area (BET), pore size distribution and pore volume using the N2 adsorption/desorption technique. The acid-treated activated carbon was fabricated into carbon electrodes and assembled in a symmetrical supercapacitor with 1M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The supercapacitor performance of acid-treated activated carbon was tested in a symmetrical Swagelok cell to assess specific capacitance using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. The acid-treated activated carbon has higher specific capacitance than the activated carbon without acid treatment. This superior performance is attributed to the reduced internal resistance as revealed by the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) result. This is possibly due to the formation of micropores in the range of 0.6−0.7 nm which is a suitable pore size for ion transportation in H2SO4 electrolytes. This research has shown that biobased activated carbon from palm oil biomass with acid treatment has a high potential to be used as supercapacitor electrode material.
 
Keywords: Activated carbon, Palm biomass, Hydrothermal, Energy storage, Supercapacitor
Study of Electrochromic Properties of PEDOT:PSS for Tunable Filter Optics with Lithium Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Janthajam Nisakon , Hsu Shu-Han , Boonruang Sakoolkan
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, conductive polymers based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrene sulfonic acid), or PEDOT:PSS, have been employed as a flexible and transparent coating in various significant electronic applications. With the demand for electrochromic properties, such as in electronic displays, further research into its electrooptic properties is required, especially the systematic understanding to obtain the optimized switching. Our research investigates the electrooptic properties of the PEDOT:PSS film, particularly the refractive index changing under various applied biases. The electrochromic device is prepared in a simple fashion, and the electroactive layer of PEDOT:PSS thickness is defined via spin-coating between two indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. To increase the switching properties of PEDOT:PSS, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was prepared in acetonitrile, as the electrolyte in varied concentrations of 1.195 M, 1.5 M, and 2.0 M, respectively. A potential voltage of -4.0 V to 0.0 V is utilized to study the device's electrochromic properties with the step 5 mV/s continuously. Finally, the optical properties are characterized using the spectroscopy method based on real-time measurement of the transmission spectrum and transmission matrix calculations. The change in visible light absorption, transmission, and film color is recorded under a switching cycle that shows consistent behavior. This allows the further utilization of such a hybrid structure for possible tunable filter applications.
 
Keywords: Electrochromic, PEDOT:PSS, Optical, Lithium salt, Electrolyte
Effect of CCl4 on Renal Tissues of Male Mice and Prevented by Pretreatment with Bromelain Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles: Histopathological and Caspase-9 Expression Alterations
Authors: Ibrahim Ali Haneen , Mutlak Baydaa Hussain , Alshareef Sohad Abdulkaleg , Alhuwaymil Zamzam
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of bromelain on renal histopathological changes induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in albino mice. CCl4 is widely used in the chemical industry but is also known to cause toxicity to various organs including the brain, liver, kidneys and lungs. In this study, 49 animals were divided into 7 equal groups. The kidneys of the mice were examined to assess histopathological changes and immunohistochemical markers, specifically caspase-9. The groups that received bromelain solution coated with gold nanoparticles demonstrated greater protective effects against CCl4-induced kidney damage. The findings suggest that kidney damage induced by CCl4 may be attributed to oxidative stress, which disrupts the antioxidant defense system, enzyme function and biochemical markers. However, administration of bromelain significantly mitigated CCl4 toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and reducing the production of free radicals. Notably, the study found that a dose of 300 mg of bromelain effectively reduced CCl4-induced toxicity in rats. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of bromelain in protecting against chemical-induced kidney damage.
HIGHLIGHTS

The kidney damage from carbon tetrachloride can occur through oxidative stress, altering the antioxidant defense system, enzyme function, and biochemical markers.
The bromelain can decreased the toxicity of CCL4.
The 300 mg bromelain solution proved to be more efficacious than the 100 mg dose.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Immunomodulatory Effects of Citrus Species Ethanol Extracts on Cellular Immune Responses in Wistar Rats and Mice
Authors: Yuandani Yuandani , Wira Septama Abdi , Rimayani Nasution Lisda , Dwinanti Debora , Putri Rambe Dina , Ramadhani Khairunnisa , Ramadhani Manurung Wahidah
Published: October 2024

Currenty, Citrus reticulata has been found to modulate RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of Citrus species peel extracts, including Citrus microcarpa, C. limon L., C. sinensis L. and C. hystrix were investigated on cellular immune responses in Wistar rats and mice. Mice were treated with ethanol extracts of Citrus species orally at dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg bw for 7 days. The phagocytosis activity of the extracts was examined using the carbon clearance method.  Meanwhile, oral administration of Citrus species ethanol extracts at dosages of 17.5, 35 and 70 mg/kg bw was administered to Wistar rats to assess the effect of extracts on the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response using paw edema-method. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)-densitometry analysis was also performed. In both animal models, all extracts enhanced the cellular immune responses. Amongst the samples, C. sinensis, at the dose of 100 mg/kg bw in mice and 70 mg/kb bw in rats, demonstrated the highest stimulation on phagocytosis activity and DTH response, respectively. Except C. microcarpa, rutin was found in all Citrus species. The results indicate that Citrus species, particularly C. sinensis, have the potential to be developed into a potent immunostimulatory agent.
HIGHLIGHTS

The immunomodulatory effects Citrus species were investigated using mice and rats as animal models.
Citrus microcarpa, C. limon, C. sinensis L. and C. hystrix were able to stimulate phagocytosis in mice and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in rats.
Citrus sinensis demonstrated the highest stimulation on phagocytosis activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity response.
Rutin was found in all Citrus species, except in microcarpa peels extract.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy, Cell Proliferation, and Wound Healing Properties in Extracts Derived from Leaves and Inflorescences of Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Khlongkhlaeo Apitsada , Sookruksawong Suchonma , Rattanasuk Surachai
Published: October 2024

The therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa extracts in wound healing applications has garnered significant interest due to their diverse pharmacological properties. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial properties and wound-healing activity of ethanolic extracts derived from C. sativa leaves and inflorescences of the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 cultivar. The extracts were prepared using ethanol, and their antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity and ability to promote cell proliferation and migration were investigated. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae TISTR 1383, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 2370, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466 and Bacillus cereus TISTR 2373 using the disk diffusion method and broth microdilution assay. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the MTT assay on human fibroblasts in serum-supplemented and serum-depleted media. The scratch wound healing assay was employed to quantify cell migration and wound closure. The results demonstrated that both leaf and inflorescence extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, with the inflorescence extract showing higher efficacy against S. aureus. Furthermore, the extracts enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, the leaf extract outperformed the inflorescence extract in promoting fibroblast proliferation and migration, particularly at earlier time points. These findings suggest that C. sativa extracts, particularly from the leaves, possess wound-healing properties and could be developed as novel therapeutic agents for promoting efficient wound repair and managing chronic non-healing wounds.
HIGHLIGHTS
This research is the inaugural exploration into the antibacterial properties and wound healing capabilities of the Cannabis sativa L. Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 cultivar, a unique variant of Cannabis sativa. This strain has received official recognition and registration from the Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand. Our findings reveal that extracts derived from the leaves and inflorescences of the Hang Kra Rog Phu Phan ST1 strain display potent antibacterial activity against five tested pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis TISTR 518, Klebsiella pneumoniae TISTR 1383, Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 2370, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, and Bacillus cereus TISTR 2373. Moreover, these extracts stimulate the growth and movement of human fibroblasts. These compelling results underscore the potential for harnessing this plant as an efficacious agent for wound healing.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Reusable Immobilized Lactobacillus futsaii CS3 for Enhanced GABA Synthesis using Low-Cost Substrates in Fermenter-Scale Batch and Fed-Batch Fermentations
Authors: Thongruck Kanokwan , Maneerat Suppasil
Published: October 2024

On the industrial scale, the cost of commercial culture media for the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a very important factor. This study employed a low-cost substrates and by-product from agri-food industry for GABA synthesis by Lact. futsaii CS3 at the fermenter-scale. Lact. futsaii CS3 cells were immobilized in 3 % (w/v) sodium alginate and employed for GABA synthesis in the optimal modified MRS medium (3.48 % (w/v) cane sugar, 3.84 % (w/v) tuna condensate waste and 10.77 % (w/v) monosodium glutamate (MSG)) with the initial pH medium of 5, fermentation temperature at 37 °C and agitation speed at 30 rpm. During the 60th h of batch fermentation without pH control, immobilized Lact. futsaii CS3 efficiently transformed MSG into the highest GABA of 19.05 g/L, achieving the volumetric productivity of 0.32 g/L/h with a bioconversion rate of 29.01 %. To further enhance GABA production, MSG (7.5 % w/v) was fed into the fermenter during the 48th h of fed-batch fermentation, aiming to amplify GABA synthesis. The maximum GABA (26.28 g/L) was synthesized at 84 h of fed-batch fermentation, and the volumetric productivity and a bioconversion rate of 0.31 g/L/h and 23.59 %, respectively, were obtained. Fed-batch fermentation significantly outperformed batch fermentation, resulting in a 37.95 % increase in GABA production. Moreover, immobilized Lact. futsaii CS3 cells could be reused in 2 batch cycles. In the 1st reusability, the maximum GABA synthesis reached 25.94 g/L, and the volumetric productivity and a bioconversion rate of 0.31 g/L/h and 23.29 %, respectively, were achieved at 84 h of fed-batch fermentation. While in the 2nd reusability, GABA synthesis decreased to 23.29 g/L, with the volumetric productivity and a bioconversion rate of 0.28 g/L/h and 20.91 %, respectively, at 84 h of fed-batch fermentation.
HIGHLIGHTS

GABA production utilizing agri-food industry by-product.
GABA production was enhanced by cane sugar and tuna condensate waste.
Immobilized futsaii CS3 produced GABA 19.05 g/L (batch).
Immobilized futsaii CS3 produced GABA 26.28 g/L (fed-batch).
Immobilized futsaii CS3 could be reused in 2 batch cycles on GABA production.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Rapid Method for Simultaneous Determination of γ-Oryzanol Compounds in Rice (Oryza sativa) Grains using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Authors: Dewi Alfian Mey Pramita , Setyaningsih Widiastuti , Palma Miguel
Published: October 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa) contains γ-oryzanol, which consists of 4 main compounds: Cycloartenol ferulate, 2,4-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesterol ferulate, and β-sitosterol ferulate, that  contribute to the health benefits of rice. This research aimed to develop a rapid method to determine the 4 major γ-oryzanol compounds in 45 varieties covering pigmented (black and red) and non-pigmented (white) rice grain. The method was developed by integrating UV-Vis spectroscopy with chemometrics, specifically principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Sampling was performed across the Indonesian archipelago collecting 180 samples, which comprises 60 samples for each type of rice in form of rice husk, bran, whole grain, and polished rice. The results of PCA on the spectroscopic data successfully identified distinction for the 3 types of rice attributable by different type and levels of chemical compound in the grain. White rice exhibited a characteristic absorption at 325 nm while in pigmented (red and black) rice showed a maximum absorbance at 280 nm, indicating the presence of different composition of chemical compounds. A reliable model to predict the 4 major γ-oryzanol compounds was established with R2 calibration, R2 cross-validation, and R2 prediction higher than 0.9 was obtained using the spectroscopic data in the range from 200 to 400 nm. However, the PLS modeling was unsuccessful for red and black rice samples most likely due to the interfering high absorption of red colored compounds. Compared to the existing techniques for analyzing individual compounds of the γ-oryzanol by high-performance liquid chromatography, the newly developed approach using UV-Vis spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is more practical, faster, and cost-efficient and mainly, solvent and residues free.
HIGHLIGHTS

A rapid method was developed to determine 4 major γ-oryzanol compounds in rice.
This method integrates UV-Vis spectroscopy with PCA and PLS regression chemometrics.
PCA successfully identified the distinction among white, red, and black rice types.
Reliable PLS models were established for white rice with R2 values above 0.9.
The developed approach is more practical, faster, and residue-free than HPLC.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Structural Stability of Vacancy and Substitutional Defects in g-GaN: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Fadlliyana Malika , Fajariah Nurul , Nurwantoro Pekik , Prayogi Harmon , Purnawati Diki , Oktavina Cristina Wulan , Nugraheni Ari Dwi , Sholihun Sholihun
Published: October 2024

Herein, the first-principles calculations of defected monolayer graphene-like gallium nitride (g-GaN) were elucidated. The optimized geometric revealed that the nearest-neighbor distances of N-N (between N atoms) and Ga-Ga (between Ga atoms) were narrowing in most configurations. Interestingly, the VGa has a similar atomic symmetry as the pure g-GaN, which is D3h. Most defected configurations are degraded into C2V symmetries, while the Stone-Wales configuration has the lowest symmetry of CS. The formation energies of V­­Na systems are lower, which implies better energetic stability. For the divacancies, the VGa system is more stable than the V­­Na system. Moreover, the Stone-Wales configuration is energetically more stable than the interchange configuration. Furthermore, the reaction coordinates represent the geometric evolution of each defected system. The result revealed that the N-atoms are consistent with moving outward while the Ga-atoms move inward only for monovacancies and divacancies configurations. In contrast, the N-atoms move inward while the Ga-atoms move outward for substitutions, interchanges, and Stone-Wales configurations. We believe that this finding will be beneficial as the groundwork for future 2D g-GaN-based semiconductor devices.
HIGHLIGHTS

The V­­Na defective system is more stable than the VGa system in monovacancies and substitutions.
The VGaGa defective system is more stable than the V­­Na system in divacancies.
The Stone-Wales system is a stable configuration with a Cs symmetry.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AS OPPOSED TO THOSE WORKING OUTSIDE THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR
Authors: Keskin Çiğdem , Boztosun Derviş , Üstün Özge , Ener Dilek , Yaman Faruk
Published: October 2024

Communication, a fundamental aspect of human interaction, was the focus of this study. We compared the communication skills of individuals in the healthcare sector with those outside it. While the research did not uncover significant differences based on demographic characteristics, it did reveal noteworthy disparities in communication skill scores. These findings, we believe, will significantly contribute to the existing literature and provide valuable insights for addressing communication challenges at an institutional level. We recommend similar research in different institutions and sectors, with results evaluated separately, to further enhance our understanding of this crucial area.