bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of clinical guidelines in identifying all Japanese patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Haneda Eri , Sato Ann , Suganuma Nobuyasu , Sebata Yoshiko , Okamoto Saki , Toda Soji , Kohagura Kaori , Matsubara Yuka , Sugawara Yuko , Yamanaka Takashi , Yamashita Toshinari , Shimizu Satoru , Narimatsu Hiroto
Published: February 2022

PurposeClinical screening using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) testing criteria may fail to identify all patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the strategy of expanding target patients for genetic testing among Japanese patients. Patients and MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 91 breast cancer patients who were genetically tested.Results Among 91 patients, eight were diagnosed with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants: BRCA1 (n=4) and BRCA2 (n=4). Among 50 patients meeting the testing criteria of the guideline, six (12%, 95% confidence interval; 4.5–24.3%) were diagnosed with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. The sensitivity and specificity of screening using the testing criteria were 75% and 47%, respectively. Expanding the NCCN criteria to include all women diagnosed with breast cancer aged ≤ 65 years achieved 88% sensitivity but 8% specificity. ConclusionsThe expansion of the NCCN criteria could benefit Japanese patients.
Transvaginal Pudendal Nerve Blocks in Patients With Pudendal Neuralgia: Two-year Follow-up Results
Authors: Basol Gulfem , Kale Ahmet , Gurbuz Hande , Gundogdu Elif Cansu , Baydilli Kursad Nuri , Usta Taner
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is an extremely painful neuropathy of the pudendal nerve resulting in a negative impact on a patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the 2-years outcomes of repetitive doses of the transvaginal pudendal nerve injections (PNI) and to compare the success of the PNI concerning anatomical levels (endopelvic and extrapelvic portion) of the pudendal nerve pathology.Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study consists of patients with PN diagnosed with the first four essential Nantes criteria. Diagnostic PNI was performed on 67 patients to fulfill the fifth criteria of Nantes. After the drop-outs, further analyses were carried out with a total of 56 patients.Results: The efficacy of the PNIs significantly declined over time. Pudendal nerve blocks provided a significant decrease in pain scores; however, this decrease lost its strength significantly in the 24th month. The intervention was more effective in entrapments of the pudendal nerve between sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments or below (Level-2) when compared to the injuries in the endopelvic part (Level-1). More than 50% pain reduction continued in five patients with pathology at Level-1 and 24 patients with pathology at Level-2. Conclusion: Repeated PNIs could provide a significant decrease in pain scores for both short and long-term periods. However, the efficacy of the PNIs declined over two years. The success of PNIs may be affected by the anatomical level of the nerve injury; therefore, interligamentous pudendal nerve entrapment cases have more benefits than the cases of pudendal nerve entrapment in the endopelvic part. However, it is recommended to perform therapeutic nerve blocks even in patients with suspected endopelvic pudendal nerve pathology before the referral to surgery.
Sparse Bayesian Identification of Nonlinear State-Space Systems via Stein Approximation Approach
Authors: Zhang Limin , Li Junpeng , Zhang Wenting
Published: February 2022

This paper concerns with the parameter estimation of nonlinear discrete-time systems from noisy state measurements in state-space form. A sparse Bayesian convex optimisation algorithm was proposed for the parameter estimation and prediction. The proposed method takes full account of the data correlation, parameter priori, constrains, which is explicitly modeled by Bayesian sparse learning and optimisation. The only assumption about the structure of the model is that there are only a few important terms that govern the dynamics, so that the equations are sparse in the space of possible functions and the number of basis function is generated randomly. The main identification challenge resides in two aspects: first, a new objective function can be obtained by Stein approximation method in the convex optimization problem. Second, a recursive least squares estimation with L1-regularization is developed, wherein the regularization parameter is selected from the point of optimization. Compared with the function maximum likelihood(ML) method only, it usually captures more information about the dependence of the data indicators. Three simulation examples are given to demonstrate the proposed algorithm's effectiveness. Furthermore, the performances of these approaches are analyzed, including parameter estimation of RMSE, parameter sparsity and prediction of state and output result.
The role of socio-demographic factors and physical functioning in the intra- and interpersonal variability of older adults’ sedentary time: an observational two- country study
Authors: Compernolle Sofie , Cerin Ester , Barnett Anthony , Zhang Casper J.P. , Cauwenberg Jelle , Dyck Delfien
Published: February 2022

Background. Insight into the variability of older adults’ sedentary time is needed to inform future interventions. The aim of this study was to examine the intra- and interpersonal variability in sedentary time, and the moderating role of socio-demographics, physical functioning and geographical location in this variability.Methods. Cross-sectional data from 818 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 74.8 years; 61.1% female) of the Active Lifestyle and the Environment in Chinese Seniors and Belgian Environmental Physical Activity Study in Seniors were used. An interview questionnaire was administered to collect socio-demographic information. The Short Physical Performance Battery was performed to evaluate physical functioning, and Actigraph GT3X(+) accelerometers were used to estimate sedentary time. Linear mixed models with random intercepts at the neighborhood, person and day levels examined the variability in sedentary time, and the moderating role of socio-demographics, physical functioning and geographical location within this variability. Results. Most of the variance in accelerometry-assessed sedentary time was due to intrapersonal variability across periods of the day (72.4%) followed by interpersonal variability within neighborhoods (25.6%). Those who were older, male, lived in Hong Kong, and experienced a lower level of physical functioning were less sedentary than their counterparts. Sedentary time increased throughout the day, with highest levels of sedentary time observed between 6:00 and 9:00 pm. The patterns of sedentary time across times of the day differed by sex, educational attainment, age, physical functioning and/or geographical location. No significant differences were detected between week and weekend day sedentary time. Conclusions. Researchers developing interventions to encourage older adults to sit less should pay particular attention to the evening hours, if future studies can demonstrate that older adults are also receptive towards sedentary behavior interventions in the evening. The variations in diurnal patterns of sedentary time between population subgroups suggest that personalized just-in-time adaptive interventions might be a promising strategy to reduce older adults’ sedentary time.
Effect of wearing masks on postoperative radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study on acute toxicity
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Cong , Ma Changdong , Miao Li , Zhang Youzhong , Fu Chunli
Published: February 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created great challenges and requirements for radiotherapy. Mask wearing is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission and has been part of daily prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mask wearing on the toxicity of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.Methods: Between December 2018 and June 2021, a retrospective review was conducted among patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer who were treated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Acute toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0.Results: A total of 85 patients were eligible for the study; 33 patients (38.9%) wore masks, whereas another 52 patients (61.1%) did not wear masks. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 1-2 enteritis (57.6% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.005) and grade 3-4 enteritis (21.2% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.033) between the two groups. Other acute toxicity reactions were not significantly different.Conclusions: On the basis of clinical findings, we think that mask wearing for cervical cancer patients undergoing daily postoperative radiotherapy seems debatable. More attention should be focused on the impact of mask wearing on acute toxicity.
Perceptual effects of optogenetic stimulation of inferior temporal cortex: hallucination or distortion?
Authors: Azadi Reza , Bohn Simon , Lopez Emily , Lafer-Sousa Rosa , Wang Karen , Afraz Arash
Published: February 2022

Local artificial stimulation in high level visual areas of the brain induces complex perceptual events. Anecdotal descriptions of these events fall into two broad categories: ‘hallucinations’, which add a consistent and specific pictorial element to the contents of perception1,2, and ‘distortions’, which transform the ongoing visual perception1,2. Distortions are not pictorially consistent as they vary based on the visual input3. Systematic description of such characteristics of stimulation-induced perceptual events is a necessary step for understanding how neural activity gives rise to perception, and is also critical for development of visual prosthetic devices4. Here, we implanted arrays of LEDs5 over inferior temporal cortices of macaque monkeys and trained them to detect and report short optogenetic impulses delivered to their cortices. In a series of experiments, we observed that the ability to detect cortical stimulation highly depends on the choice of images presented to the eyes and that detection of cortical stimulation is most difficult when the animal fixates on a blank screen. Local stimulation of object selective parts of the visual cortex is shown here to induce perceptual events that are easy to detect and contain a strong distortive component. The causal contribution of inferior temporal neurons to perception does not seem to be strongly predetermined, as it depends on the state of vision. These findings also open the door to expanding the scope of visual prosthetics beyond the primary visual cortex.
Global biogeography of atmospheric microorganisms reflects diverse recruitment and environmental filtering
Authors: Archer Stephen , Lee Kevin , Caruso Tancredi , Leung Marcus , Tong Xinzhao , Salter Susannah J. , Hinchliffe Graham , Maki Teruya , Santl-Temkiv Tina , Warren-Rhodes Kimberley , Gomez-Silva Benito , Hyde Kevin , Liu Celine , Alcamí Antonio , Al-Mailem Dina , Araya Jonathan , Cary Stephen , Cowan Don , Dempsey Jessica , Etchebehere Claudia , Gantsetseg Batdelger , Hartery Sean , Harvey Mike , Hayakawa Kazuichi , Hogg Ian , Inoue Mutsoe , Kansour Mayada , Lawrence Tim , Lee Charles , Leopold Matthius , McKay Christopher , Nagao Seiya , Poh Yan Hong , Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Rastrojo Alberto , Sekiguchi Toshio , Sim Joo Huang , Stahm William , Sun Henry , Tang Ning , Vandenbrink Bryan , Walther Craig , Lee Patrick , Pointing Stephen Brian
Published: February 2022

Atmospheric transport is critical to dispersal of microorganisms between habitats, and this underpins resilience in terrestrial and marine ecosystems globally. A key unresolved question is whether microorganisms assemble to form a taxonomically distinct, geographically variable, and functionally adapted atmospheric microbiota. This question is made more complex by the unique challenges of separating potential contaminants from atmospheric signal, particularly given the ultra-low biomass of air and the long durations of sampling where contamination may occur. Here we adopted a comprehensive data filtering approach to mitigate contamination and characterise inter-continental patterns of microbial taxonomic and functional diversity in air within and above the atmospheric boundary layer and in underlying soils for 596 globally sourced samples. Bacterial and fungal assemblages in air were taxonomically structured and deviated significantly from purely stochastic assembly. Patterns differed with location and reflected climate, underlying surface cover and environmental filtering. Source-tracking indicated a complex recruitment process involving local soils plus globally distributed inputs from drylands and the phyllosphere. Assemblages displayed stress-response and metabolic traits relevant to survival in air, and taxonomic and functional diversity were correlated with macroclimate and atmospheric variables. Our findings highlight complexity in the atmospheric microbiota that is key to understanding regional and global ecosystem connectivity.
Early prediction model of brain death in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: A single-center retrospective and internal validation analysis
Authors: Itagaki Yuki , Hayakawa Mineji , Maekawa Kunihiko , Kodate Akira , Moriki Koyo , Takahashi Yuki , Sageshima Hisako
Published: February 2022

Background

A shortage of donor organs amid a high demand for transplantable organs is a worldwide problem, and an increase in organ donation would be welcomed by the global healthcare system. Patients with brain death (BD) are potential organ donors, and early prediction of BD patients may facilitate the process of organ procurement. Therefore, we developed a model for early prediction of BD in patients who survived the initial phase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of patients who were aged < 80 years, experienced OHCA with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and were admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2018. We categorized patients into either a non-BD or BD group. Demographic and laboratory data on ED admission were used for stepwise logistic regression. Prediction scores of BD after OHCA were based on β-coefficients of prognostic factors identified in the multivariable logistic model.
Results

Overall, 419 OHCA patients with ROSC were admitted to our hospital during the study period. Seventy-seven patients showed BD (18.3%). Age and OHCA etiology were significantly different between the groups. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that age, low-flow time, pH, and etiology were independent predictors of BD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for this model was 0.831 (95% CI, 0.786–0.876).
Conclusions

We developed and internally validated a new prediction model for BD after OHCA, which could aid in early identification of potential organ donors for early donor organ procurement.
The Determining Effective Testing in Emergency Departments and Care Coordination on Treatment Outcomes (DETECT) for Hepatitis C (Hep C) Screening Trial: Rationale and Design of a Multi-Center Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial of Hepatitis C Screening in Emergency Departments
Authors: Haukoos Jason , Rowan Sarah , Galbraith James , Rothman Richard , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Hopkins Emily , Houk Rachel , Toerper Matthew , Kamis Kevin , Morgan Jake , Linas Benjamin , Al-Tayyib Alia , Gardner Edward , Lyons Michael , Sabel Allison , White Douglas , Wyles David
Published: February 2022

Background: Early identification of hepatitis C is a critical health priority, especially now that treatment options are available to limit further transmission and provide cure before long-term sequelae develop. Emergency departments (EDs) are important clinical settings for hepatitis C screening, given that EDs serve many at-risk patients who do not access other forms of healthcare. In this article, we describe the rationale and design of The Determining Effective Testing in Emergency Departments and Care Coordination on Treatment Outcomes (DETECT) for Hepatitis C (Hep C) Screening Trial. Methods: The DETECT Hep C Screening Trial is a multi-center prospective pragmatic randomized two-arm parallel-group superiority trial to test the comparative effectiveness of nontargeted and targeted hepatitis C screening in the ED with a primary hypothesis that nontargeted screening is superior to targeted screening when identifying newly-diagnosed hepatitis C. This trial will be performed in the EDs at Denver Health Medical Center (Denver, CO), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD), and the University of Mississippi Medical Center (Jackson, MS), sites representing approximately 225,000 annual adult visits, and designed using the PRECIS-2 framework for pragmatic trials. When complete, we will have enrolled a minimum of 125,000 randomized patient visits and have performed 13,965 hepatitis C tests. In Denver, the Screening Trial will serve as a conduit for a distinct randomized comparative effectiveness trial to evaluate linkage-to-hepatitis C care strategies. All sites will further contribute to embedded observational studies to assess cost effectiveness, disparities, and social determinants of health in screening, linkage-to-care, and treatment.Discussion: When complete, The DETECT Hep C Screening Trial will represent the largest ED-based pragmatic clinical trial to date and all studies, in aggregate, will significantly inform how to best perform ED-based hepatitis C screening.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04003454 Original Date: July 1, 2019 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04003454
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS WHICH CAUSED STATEMENT OF BUDGETING OF APBN FUNDS IN THE END OF THE BUDGET YEAR IN THE WORKING UNITS OF SCOPE OF PAYMENT OFFICE OF BLITAR COUNTRY SERVICES
Authors: Saputri Evita Intan
Published: February 2022

APBN which tends to increase every year, but not followed by a good absorption pattern. This causes a buildup of disbursement of APBN funds at the end of the fiscal year. This can result in losses for the country. This study discusses the factors that caused the accumulation of disbursement of APBN funds at the end of the fiscal year. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause the accumulation of disbursement of APBN funds at the end of the fiscal year in the scope of payment of the Blitar State Treasury Service Office. The method used is a quantitative associative type. Direct researchers give questionnaires to respondents to get data. The results of data analysis showed that the eight factors consisted of administration, human resources, planning, procurement of goods and services, mutations of officials, providers of goods and services, regulations, and internal. Factors of official and internal mutations affect the buildup of funds disbursement. While administrative factors, human resources, planning, procurement of goods and services, providers of goods and services, and regulations have no effect. In silmutan administration, human resources, planning, procurement of goods and services, mutations of officials, providers of goods and services, regulations, and internal positive and significant effect on the accumulation of disbursement of APBN funds.
The Potential of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide in
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Keramat Akram , Kadkhoda Jamileh , Farahzadi Raheleh , Fathi Ezzatollah , Davaran Soodabeh
Published: February 2022

Nanotechnology is a pioneer field of study for engineering smart nanosystems
in targeted diagnosis and treatment in cancer therapy. Effective treatment for various
types of solid tumors should ideally target malignant cells and tissue while having no effect
on healthy cells in the body. Nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene
oxide (rGO) have phenomenal chemical versatility, high surface area ratio, and supernatural
physical properties. The synergistic effects caused by the well-defined assembly of
GO and rGO surface generate not only essential optical, mechanical, but also electronic
behaviors. In multimodal cancer therapy, developing innovative multifunctional hybrid
nanoparticles with significant potential is extensively considered. GO and rGO are programmable
targeted delivery systems infused with photonic energy that may be used in
photothermal treatment. Its remarkable properties indicated its applications as a biosensor,
bio-imaging for cancer diagnosis. In this current review, we show a remarkable highlight
about GO, rGO, and discuss the notable applications for cancer diagnosis and treatment,
and provide an overview of possible cellular signaling pathways that are affected
by GO, rGO in cancer treatment.
Facile and Environment-friendly Fluorinations using Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jakhar Komal
Published: February 2022

Significant advancement in the preparation of fascinating fluoroorganics is highly desirable
in view of their limited natural occurrence and ever-increasing applications in medicinal and material
sciences. Ionic liquids act as the most promising green media for a variety of nucleophilic and electrophilic
fluorinations in terms of chemoselectivity, reaction yields, reusability, operational simplicity
and scalability. The use of these designer solvents in stimulating the electrified synthesis of fluorinated
compounds is also appreciable due to their tuneable electrochemical characteristics. Recent innovations
in fluorination techniques depict the substantial role of ionic liquids in fluorotransformations
such as the use of tagged ionic liquids in nucleophilic fluorinations, ionic liquid assisted biological
fluorination, enantioselective fluorinations using chiral electrophilic reagents along with ionic liquid
media, use of task-specific ionic liquids with mediators in electrochemical fluorinations and ionic liquid
promoted electrifying synthesis of medicinally important fluorinated heteroaromatics and radiopharmaceuticals.
Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prominence of Initial Public Health Interference
Authors: Mukherjee Sukhes , Ray Suman Kumar
Published: February 2022

Since the first news of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which causes COVID-19, has spread worldwide, with more than 100 million people infected in over 210 countries and two million deaths. In the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351), Brazil (P.1), and India (B.1.617), independent SARS-CoV-2 lineages have recently been established. The virus accesses these variants via the angiotensin- converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor due to several mutations in the immune-dominant spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as significant strain on public health systems and the global economy, due to the severity and intensity at which it has spread. COVID-19 vaccines have shown to be highly successful in clinical trials and can be used to fight the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic’s environmental trends change at breakneck speed, making predictions based on traditional epidemiological knowledge particularly speculative. Following the first outbreak, the second wave of COVID-19 swept across the globe, infecting various countries. The third wave of coronavirus infection has already been experienced in a few countries. Many of us have said, "When this is over," but what exactly does that mean? Since the virus’s first-, second-, and third-order effects manifest over various time periods, the pandemic will not be considered ‘over’ until the ‘third phase’ of the COVID-19 pandemic has passed. It is the best time to take preventative steps and immunize ourselves with vaccines in order to prepare for the predicted third wave of COVID-19 in some countries. In order to effectively suppress and monitor the COVID-19 pandemic, early and timely measures with improved social distancing policies should be enforced. We must continue critical public health efforts to suppress transmission and reduce mortality while working toward the rollout of a safe and efficient vaccine, and we must have the patience to listen, learn, improve, innovate, and evolve.
A Short Overview of Soft Computing Techniques in Tunnel Construction
Authors: He Biao , Armaghani Danial Jahed , Lai Sai Hin
Published: February 2022

Tunnel construction is a complex technology, with a huge number of effective parameters, which cannot be accurately analyzed/designed using empirical or theoretical methods. With the rapid development of computer technologies, Soft Computing (SC) approaches have been widely used in tunnel construction. Typically, the two common tunneling methods, blasting and mechanical excavation (e.g., tunnel boring machine, shield, pipe jacking method), have been used in conjunction with some SC techniques to solve specific problems and have shown a good fit. On this basis, this paper first summarizes the current research on the application of SC techniques in the field of tunnel construction methods. For example, in the case of blasting, the application of SC techniques is focusing on the environmental problems induced by blasting, such as the prediction of peak particle velocity and over-break. As for mechanical tunnel construction, the SC techniques were used to analyze the boring characteristics of the machine, such as the estimation of penetration rate and advance rate. Additionally, an important aspect for the application of SC techniques is the identification of the influencing factors for each of the study subjects, i.e. the necessary input parameters for the SC. Finally, this paper elaborates on the working process of the supervised learning models, highlights the points that need to be taken care of in each step, and points out that the SC technique, which is synergistic with the physical process, is more useful to explain the actual phenomenon.
The Language of the English Street Sign
Authors: Cook Vivian
Published: February 2022

This book opens readers’ eyes to something they see all the time but take for granted: street signs. It is a portrait of the signs on modern English streets: what they look like, who and what they are for, how they link to English history and how they form part of life in multilingual England today.
Supporting Technologies for COVID-19 Prevention: Systemized Review
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Li Rui , Ma Yangmyung , Islam Iman , Rajper Abdul M Azam , Song WenZhan , Ren Hongliang , Tse Zion Tsz Ho
Published: February 2022

Background

During COVID-19, clinical and health care demands have been on the rapid rise. Major challenges that have arisen during the pandemic have included a lack of testing kits, shortages of ventilators to treat severe cases of COVID-19, and insufficient accessibility to personal protective equipment for both hospitals and the public. New technologies have been developed by scientists, researchers, and companies in response to these demands.

Objective

The primary objective of this review is to compare different supporting technologies in the subjugation of the COVID-19 spread.

Methods

In this paper, 150 news articles and scientific reports on COVID-19–related innovations during 2020-2021 were checked, screened, and shortlisted to yield a total of 23 articles for review. The keywords “COVID-19 technology,” “COVID-19 invention,” and “COVID-19 equipment” were used in a Google search to generate related news articles and scientific reports. The search was performed on February 1, 2021. These were then categorized into three sections, which are personal protective equipment (PPE), testing methods, and medical treatments. Each study was analyzed for its engineering characteristics and potential social impact on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

A total of 9 articles were selected for review concerning PPE. In general, the design and fabrication of PPE were moving toward the direction of additive manufacturing and intelligent information feedback while being eco-friendly. Moreover, 8 articles were selected for reviewing testing methods within the two main categories of molecular and antigen tests. All the inventions endeavored to increase sensitivity while reducing the turnaround time. However, the inventions reported in this review paper were not sufficiently tested for their safety and efficiency. Most of the inventions are temporary solutions intended to be used only during shortages of medical resources. Finally, 6 articles were selected for the review of COVID-19 medical treatment. The major challenge identified was the uncertainty in applying novel ideas to speed up the production of ventilators.

Conclusions

The technologies developed during the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for review. In order to better respond to future pandemics, national reserves of critical medical supplies should be increased to improve preparation. This pandemic has also highlighted the need for the automation and optimization of medical manufacturing.
Physicians’ Perceptions of and Satisfaction With Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Treatment: A Clinical Decision Support System Experience and Implications for Low-Middle–Income Countries
Authors: Emani Srinivas , Rui Angela , Rocha Hermano Alexandre Lima , Rizvi Rubina F , Juaçaba Sergio Ferreira , Jackson Gretchen Purcell , Bates David W
Published: February 2022

As technology continues to improve, health care systems have the opportunity to use a variety of innovative tools for decision-making, including artificial intelligence (AI) applications. However, there has been little research on the feasibility and efficacy of integrating AI systems into real-world clinical practice, especially from the perspectives of clinicians who use such tools. In this paper, we review physicians’ perceptions of and satisfaction with an AI tool, Watson for Oncology, which is used for the treatment of cancer. Watson for Oncology has been implemented in several different settings, including Brazil, China, India, South Korea, and Mexico. By focusing on the implementation of an AI-based clinical decision support system for oncology, we aim to demonstrate how AI can be both beneficial and challenging for cancer management globally and particularly for low-middle–income countries. By doing so, we hope to highlight the need for additional research on user experience and the unique social, cultural, and political barriers to the successful implementation of AI in low-middle–income countries for cancer care.
Acceptability of Web-Based Mental Health Interventions in the Workplace: Systematic Review
Authors: Scheutzow Johanna , Attoe Chris , Harwood Joshua
Published: February 2022

Background

Web-based interventions have proven to be effective not only in clinical populations but also in the occupational setting. Recent studies conducted in the work environment have focused on the effectiveness of these interventions. However, the role of employees’ acceptability of web-based interventions and programs has not yet enjoyed a similar level of attention.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review was to conduct the first comprehensive study on employees’ level of acceptability of web-based mental health interventions based on direct and indirect measures, outline the utility of different types of web-based interventions for work-related mental health issues, and build a research base in the field.

Methods

The search was conducted between October 2018 and July 2019 and allowed for any study design. The studies used either qualitative or quantitative data sources. The web-based interventions were generally aimed at supporting employees with their mental health issues. The study characteristics were outlined in a table as well as graded based on their quality using a traffic light schema. The level of acceptability was individually rated using commonly applied methods, including percentile quartiles ranging from low to very high.

Results

A total of 1303 studies were identified through multiple database searches and additional resources, from which 28 (2%) were rated as eligible for the synthesis. The results of employees’ acceptability levels were mixed, and the studies were very heterogeneous in design, intervention characteristics, and population. Approximately 79% (22/28) of the studies outlined acceptability measures from high to very high, and 54% (15/28) of the studies reported acceptability levels from low to moderate (overlap when studies reported both quantitative and qualitative results). Qualitative studies also provided insights into barriers and preferences, including simple and tailored application tools as well as the preference for nonstigmatized language. However, there were multiple flaws in the methodology of the studies, such as the blinding of participants and personnel.

Conclusions

The results outline the need for further research with more homogeneous acceptability studies to draw a final conclusion. However, the underlying results show that there is a tendency toward general acceptability of web-based interventions in the workplace, with findings of general applicability to the use of web-based mental health interventions.
Digital Teaching in Medical Education: Scientific Literature Landscape Review (Preprint)
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Parvanov Emil D , Hribersek Mojca , Eibensteiner Fabian , Klager Elisabeth , Kletecka-Pulker Maria , Rössler Bernhard , Schebesta Karl , Willschke Harald , Atanasov Atanas G , Schaden Eva
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital teaching in medical education has grown in popularity in the recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, no bibliometric report to date has been published that analyzes this important literature set to reveal prevailing topics and trends and their impacts reflected in citation counts.

OBJECTIVE

We used a bibliometric approach to unveil and evaluate the scientific literature on digital teaching research in medical education, demonstrating recurring research topics, productive authors, research organizations, countries, and journals. We further aimed to discuss some of the topics and findings reported by specific highly cited works.

METHODS

The Web of Science electronic database was searched to identify relevant papers on digital teaching research in medical education. Basic bibliographic data were obtained by the “Analyze” and “Create Citation Report” functions of the database. Complete bibliographic data were exported to VOSviewer for further analyses. Visualization maps were generated to display the recurring author keywords and terms mentioned in the titles and abstracts of the publications.

RESULTS

The analysis was based on data from 3978 papers that were identified. The literature received worldwide contributions with the most productive countries being the United States and United Kingdom. Reviews were significantly more cited, but the citations between open access vs non–open access papers did not significantly differ. Some themes were cited more often, reflected by terms such as virtual reality, innovation, trial, effectiveness, and anatomy. Different aspects in medical education were experimented for digital teaching, such as gross anatomy education, histology, complementary medicine, medicinal chemistry, and basic life support. Some studies have shown that digital teaching could increase learning satisfaction, knowledge gain, and even cost-effectiveness. More studies were conducted on trainees than on undergraduate students.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital teaching in medical education is expected to flourish in the future, especially during this era of COVID-19 pandemic.
ОСНАСТКА КОМПАНИИ АО «ЗПП» ДЛЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ И ИМПОРТНОЙ ЭКБ
Authors: Зубарев Р. , Горбунцов Е.
Published: February 2022

Рассмотрены контактные устройства и графитовая оснастка компании АО «Завод полупроводниковых приборов» (АО «ЗПП»). Отмечено, что на данный момент поставленная АО «ЗПП» задача по созданию отечественного производства контактных устройств и графитовой оснастки выполнена и полученные результаты обеспечивают дальнейшее развитие этих направлений.
La enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera y los torneos ¨"Spelling Bee"
Authors: Escobar Hernández José Carlos
Published: February 2022

En esta comunicación se revisan los concursos de deletreo conocidos en los EUA con el nombre de ¨spelling bee¨, así como de la popularidad de estos certámenes en los cursos de inglés que se imparten en el CEPE-Taxco y en diversos países del mundo. Se habla principalmente de sus características, de la manera en que se organizan y se llevan a cabo los torneos, lo mismo que de las formas en que ha sido adaptado en otros países para la enseñanza de su propia lengua nacional. Se incluyen comentarios sobre el potencial que representa este tipo de torneos y de su posible adopción como parte de la metodología de enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, particularmente del español.
Pueblos-estación y organización del espacio arquitectónico en el ramal Yurécuaro-Los Reyes, Michoacán
Authors: Carrillo Vázquez Citlali Alejandra , Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio , Onofre Villalva María Fernanda
Published: February 2022

A través de esta investigación se muestra cómo, además de las dinámicas comerciales y de movilidad poblacional, la vida cotidiana de las localidades del noroccidente de Michoacán cambió a partir de la introducción del ferrocarril, a principios del siglo XX. En particular, se analiza espacial y arquitectónicamente el transecto establecido en el ramal Yurécuaro-Los Reyes, desde su apertura en el porfiriato y hasta finales de la década de los cuarenta, cuando el dinamismo vinculado al tren entró en decadencia. Para el estudio histórico se realizaron trabajo de archivo y análisis de planos catastrales y arquitectónicos. La información de gabinete fue cotejada con trabajo de campo específico. El análisis histórico de los cambios espaciales y de la infraestructura ferroviaria permite comprender cómo las formas de vida de los pobladores se redireccionaron hacia el entorno cercano a las estaciones y al ramal, y permitieron un intercambio cultural más fluido con el exterior de la región.
Resolution of Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons
Authors: Fuenzalida Jorge , Hochrainer Armin , Lemos Gabriela Barreto , Ortega Evelyn A. , Lapkiewicz Radek , Lahiri Mayukh , Zeilinger Anton
Published: February 2022

Quantum imaging with undetected photons is a recently introduced technique that goes significantly beyond what was previously possible. In this technique, images are formed without detecting the light that interacted with the object that is imaged. Given this unique advantage over the existing imaging schemes, it is now of utmost importance to understand its resolution limits, in particular what governs the maximal achievable spatial resolution.
We show both theoretically and experimentally that the momentum correlation between the detected and undetected photons governs the spatial resolution — a stronger correlation results in a higher resolution. In our experiment, the momentum correlation plays the dominating role in determining the resolution compared to the effect of diffraction. We find that the resolution is determined by the wavelength of the undetected light rather than the wavelength of the detected light. Our results thus show that it is in principle possible to obtain resolution characterized by a wavelength much shorter than the detected wavelength.
A PRAXEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PRE-SERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHER-DESIGNED MATHEMATICS COMICS
Authors: Putra Zetra Hainul , Dahnilsyah Dahnilsyah , Aljarrah Ayman
Published: February 2022

Mathematical and didactic knowledge presented in mathematics textbooks and other resources, like mathematics comics (MCs), needs to be evaluated from a lens of appropriate theoretical framework in mathematics education before it can be used as a medium for teaching and learning mathematics.Therefore, this study investigates mathematical and didactic competencies that were reflected in MCs designed by pre-service elementary teachers. The framework for analysing mathematical knowledge embedded in these MCs is based on the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic, specifically a praxeology. This study utilized a content analysis technique within a qualitative approach. Thirteen MCs were analysed using a praxeological analysis; the type of task and techniques (praxis block) as well as the possible technology and theory (logos block). The findings demonstrate that the mathematical praxeologies embedded in MCs belong to five mathematical domains, namely numbers and operations; number theory; fractions, decimals, and percentages; ratio and proportion; as well as measurement. Additionally, the analysis revealed that seven of these MCs were related to a single domain, while the others belong to two or three mathematical domains. Concerning the mathematical praxeologies, most of MCs focus on presenting the practical blocks, the type of task and the techniques, while only a few could provide the theoretical lens to justify the practical blocks.
The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and PAI Learning on Religious Behavior in SMA Adabiah 1 Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Remiswal Remiswal , Mahmud Mahmud , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence and Islamic religious education learning on the religious behavior of students at SMA Adabiah I Padang. It is a field research (field research) using a quantitative approach and correlational methods with a population of all students in class XI and Class XII with the proportionate stratified random sampling technique, to obtain a sample of 86 students. Data were collected using a questionnaire and documentation and analysis techniques using the analysis requirements test, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that first, emotional intelligence had a positive and significant influence on the Religious Behavior of Students at SMA Adabiah I Padang. This can be seen based on the value of the regression coefficient (b1) or slope of 0.504, and the value of Fount (28.606) is greater than Ftable (3.94), and the significance value (0.000) is smaller than the value of α = 0.05. While the contribution of Emotional Intelligence (X1) to religious behavior (Y) is 0.254 or 25.4%, secondly, Islamic Religious Education Learning has a positive and significant influence on the Religious Behavior of Students at SMA Adabiah I Padang. This can be seen based on the regression coefficient (b2) or slope of 0.0435, and the value of Fcount (22.293) is greater than Ftable (3.94), and the significance value (0.000) is smaller than the value of α = 0.05. While the contribution of Islamic Religious Education Learning to Religious Behavior is 0.21 or 21%, the three Emotional Intelligence and Learning Islamic Religious Education together (simultaneously) have a positive and significant influence on the Religious Behavior of Students at SMA Adabiah I Padang. This can be seen based on the value of the regression coefficient (b1) or slope of 0.005 and the value of the regression coefficient (b2) or slope of 0.005, and the value of Fcount (24.623) is greater than Ftable (3.09), and the significance value (0.000) is more. smaller than the value α = 0.05. While the contribution of Emotional Intelligence (X1) and Learning Islamic Religious Education (X2) together (simultaneously) to religious behavior (Y) is 0.372 or 37.2%.
EARLY DETECTION OF PLEURO-PULMONARY TUBERCOLOSIS BY BEDSIDE LUNG ULTRASOUND: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Boccatonda Andrea , cocco giulio , Corvino Antonio , Rossi Ilaria , Pizzi Andrea Delli , Ucciferri Claudio , J. Vecchiet , K Falasca , D. D’Ardes
Published: February 2022

We present a case in which lung Ultrasound was relevant to reach an
early diagnosis of lung tuberculosis and to manage the patient in the
right setting. Moreover, ultrasound allowed to detect and treat massive
pleural effusion through an ultrasound-guided thoracentesis.
HiGee strategy towards large-scale synthesis of soluble covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhao Yun , Yu Xiaogang , Wen Xin , Luo Yong , Xiang Zhonghua , Chen Jianfeng
Published: February 2022

The scale-up synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with
uniform structure and properties is of great importance for their
practical applications. Here, we proposed a facile way to massively
produce phthalocyanine-like COFs (COFBTC) via high-gravity intensified
synthesis. Alcoholic solvent and basic catalyst were discovered
synergically improved the formation of COFBTC. High concentration and
reaction temperature were beneficial for high production as well. The
intensified mass and heat transfer at high gravity (HiGee) environment
promoted the scaling-up of COFBTC with homogeneous structures and
properties. A high space time yield of 305.9 kg∙(m3∙D)-1 was achieved
for Fe-COFBTC under optimized condition. The massively produced
Fe-COFBTC presented good solubility in alkaline and polar organic
solvents, thus allow to process as homogeneous or heterogenous
electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. The catalyst exhibited
good performance of 0.79 V (vs. RHE, half-wave) and >95%
recovery in homogeneous electroreduction of O2 in 0.1 M KOH.
The ambiguity of COVID-19 effect on the Latvian fishery sector
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Silovs Mihails , Pilvere Irina ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2022

The dramatic change in various spheres of daily life caused by the COVID-19 virus epidemic has had many ambiguous effects on the Latvian fisheries sector. As part of a national research program project reCOVery-LV to study the virus’s effect on the supply chain, LLU researchers concluded that Latvian fish processing demonstrates a multidirectional effect. The interpretation of statistics and the interviews conducted confirmed the hypothesis that the virus has had negative and positive effects within one sector of the economy. This industry heterogeneity places high demands on support criteria, making them more targeted for successful risk management. The research aims to analyze the fishery sector and identify the COVID-19 pandemic effect on Latvia’s fish sector. As part of the study, all stages of the fish food chain were studied, risks were identified, their relative relevance was determined, and measures were proposed to neutralize these risks. This article summarizes the results of the study, prioritizes the implementation of countermeasures that reduce risks and are recommended by the results of the risk assessment, and complement the results of the study, identifies measures aimed at the long-term and sustainable development of the industry, based on the lessons of the COVID-19 pandemic.