bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Students’ Perspective in Using E-Learning Platforms
Authors: Nur Salammah Shelly Ika , Fitrisia Dohra , Silviyanti Tgk. Maya , Fata Ika Apriani , Alfata Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred significant transformations within the education sector, leading many institutions to shift towards online learning platforms. This study aimed to examine students’ perspectives on the usage of various platforms during the pandemic. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combined quantitative and qualitative techniques, gathering data from 30 students enrolled in the Department of English Education at Universitas Syiah Kuala across the batches of 2018, 2019, and 2020. Structured questionnaires were utilized in the survey, focusing on four primary platforms: E-Learning USK, Zoom, Edmodo, and WhatsApp. Additionally, selected students underwent interviews to provide deeper insights. The study’s findings revealed E-Learning USK as the most preferred platform, with a mean score of 95 and satisfaction expressed by 3.16% of students. Notably, E-Learning USK emerged as the most accessible and effective platform. Following closely were video conferencing platforms such as Zoom and WhatsApp, which also garnered significant favourability. These findings carry profound implications for educators, assisting them in selecting platforms tailored to their students’ needs. Furthermore, the study underscores the paramount importance of utilizing suitable platforms for online learning during the COVID-19 crisis. It positions E-Learning USK as the primary choice for students, closely followed by video conferencing platforms like Zoom and WhatsApp. Armed with this insight, educators can make informed decisions in platform selection, ensuring students have access to an optimal learning experience.
Multi-drug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene expression in MCF-7 cells after treated with doxorubicin-deoxyelephantopin combination and prediction of inhibitory activity against Pgp receptors with in silico
Authors: DANIEL DANIEL , FRENGKI FRENGKI , JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD , SARI WAHYU EKA , ROSMAIDAR ROSMAIDAR , HASRIATI HASRIATI , ZAKIAH NONI
Published: November 2024

Doxorubicin chemotherapy has been a strong focus in breast cancer research. Side effects, toxicity and resistance have been extensively studied. One proposed solution to these issues that its combination with deoxyelephantopin. Deoxyelephantopin is known to be toxic in many cancer cells but safe in normal cells. IC50 of each compound were determined by using a MTT assay, and the MDR-1 gene mRNA expression were determined by using qPCR method, while the interaction of doxorubicin in combination with deoxyelephantonin on Pgp receptor were predicted by using an in silico approach. The IC50 of deoxyelephantopin was found to be 11.2 µg/mL, while IC50 of doxorubicin was 448 nM IC50 values showed a deoxyelephantopin-doxorubicin combination was able to reduce MDR-1 expression by 19% compared to doxorubicin and ½ IC50 values indicated that the combination formula reduced the expression by 15% over doxorubicin alone. The affinity of doxorubicin and deoxyelephantopin is -12.16 kcal/mol and -9.51 kcal/mol, respectively, while the affinity of doxorubicin after combine with deoxyelephantopin decreases from -12,16 kcal/mol to -11,25 kcal/mol due to the release of one Leu 221 hydrogen bond. The combination of doxorubicin with deoxyelephantopin is able to reduce expression and suppress the function of the Pgp protein.
Mind-body Balance. Experience Workshop for New Entry Students in Engineering
Authors: Hernández Ana María Soto , Berrones Rosa Gabriela Camero , Méndez Victoriano Reyes , Pérez Laura Silvia Vargas , Soto Otilia Georgina Maldonado , Mendoza José Refugio Hernández
Published: November 2024

Objective: Evaluate a comprehensive educational intervention in groups of new students in engineering, using techniques for the management of their mental health, to reinforce their conditions for learning.
 
Theoretical Framework: Development of graphic organizers, reinforcement of self-esteem, ability to concentrate, and balanced diet, strengthen study habits and techniques, maintaining mental health, and improving school performance. This topic presents the main concepts and theories that support the research.
 
Method: An educational intervention was designed and carried out for 550 engineering students. They joined a workshop on personal balance for their entry in 2017. Perception surveys and personal testimonies were applied. Their academic performance was analyzed after one year and contrasted with other generations.
 
Results and Discussion: Testimonials and responses to perception surveys from students and the teacher showed more than 82% acceptance. The techniques were perceived as beneficial elements for personal life, and an alternative for mental health management. Their academic performance one year after entering was similar to that of those who had a better entry profile.
 
Research Implications: The results were used to establish an engineering entry strategy and improve the school career, benefiting terminal efficiency.
 
Originality/Value: This study offers the evaluation of the comprehensive intervention applied to engineering students to guide the admission strategy.
Development of a Diamond Composite in the NI-CO-FE3P-SN-WC System Via Free Sintering for Use in Multi-Find Diamond Pearls
Authors: Sopeletto Mateus Valentim Simmer , Bahiense Alexandre Vianna , Ponciano Victor Moza , Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Xavier Gustavo de Castro , Sagrillo Viviana Possamai Della
Published: November 2024

Objective: The main objective of this study is to manufacture a diamond composite with a metallic matrix based on Ni-Co-Fe3P-Sn-WC, using the Free Sintering process through cold uniaxial compaction, intended for the production of pearls for diamond wire saws, used in cutting ornamental stones.
 
Theoretical Framework: The multi-wire technology represents an advancement in cutting ornamental stone blocks, allowing the simultaneous production of multiple slabs. Powder metallurgy is the predominant technique used in the manufacturing of pearls for diamond wire saws. Through testing, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and shear tests, it is possible to evaluate the alloy's strength, diamond crystal adhesion, and failure behavior of the alloy.
 
Methodology: The adopted methodology involves the processing and characterization of pearls for diamond wire saws, following the techniques of powder metallurgy. Initially, parametric calculations were performed using Excel, providing a basis for subsequent analyses. Diamond-coated pearls were produced with different proportions of constituent elements, and uniaxial compressive strength tests and microstructural characterization were conducted to evaluate the results.
 
Results and Discussion: In the adhesion tests to the metal tube, the pearls produced with the NICOFE alloy showed similar performance to the commercial pearls "A" and "B," with satisfactory direct shear strength values. However, some point defects were observed, such as porosity in the transition zone, creating a weaker bond, negatively impacting the final strength of the composite. Analysis of the commercial samples indicated that diamond abrasion was not related to the composition of the sintered alloy.
 
Research Implications: This research suggests significant economic and technological implications, such as the development and nationalization of technology for the ornamental stone industry. The use of the NICOFE alloy could strengthen the local industry by providing a viable and more accessible alternative for the production of diamond pearls.
 
Originality/Value: The NICOFE blend presents technical advantages for manufacturing diamond wire pearls, highlighting the environmental benefits from reduced cobalt use and economic advantages by offering more accessible materials for the ornamental stone industry.
Rifting Basins at the Accretion-Collision Stage of Fold Belt Development: Eastern Slope of the Southern and Middle Urals in the Carboniferous
Authors: Mizens G. A. , Dub S. A.
Published: November 2024

Research subject. Sedimentary basins within the Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian (Middle Carboniferous of Russia) rift (sensu lato) structures on the eastern slope of the Southern and Middle Urals. Methods. An analysis of lithological characteristics of sedimentary rocks and relationships with volcanic complexes in order to clarify the evolution of rifting basins. Results. During the Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian, several large rifting basins were common in this area. The Early Carboniferous rifting basins (Magnitogorsk-Bogdanovskoe graben and Alapaevsk-Kamensk rift) of accretionary margin of the East European craton were characterized by relatively shallow-water (in some places up to coastal-marine and continental) environments, caused by intensive (compensatory) filling of depressions with sedimentary material. In this case, volcanic rocks – those of fissure-type and stratovolcanoes lava flows – also played a significant role. In the Late Visean, the rifting process paused; a relatively shallow shelf basin regime was established throughout the entire area, which persisted until the end of the Early Carboniferous. In the Early Pennsylvanian, due to a hard oblique collision, the rifting process resumed. However, the rifting basins were already smaller in terms of area and most often deeper, whereas the occurring volcanic processes were less intensive. The characteristic feature of these basins was the presence of flysch complexes. The elongated shape of the rifting basins, large thicknesses of sedimentary strata, lateral facies variability, and the abundance of coarse clastic rocks, consisting largely of fragments of directly underlying sediments (Visean, Serpukhovian, Bashkirian), suggest that the Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian rifts of the Southern and Middle Urals eastern slope had a strike-slip nature, i.e., the rifting basins were pull-apart type depressions.
Crystal structural perfection and the associated properties of quartz as an indicator of vein vertical zoning: Example of the Verkhnealiinskoye gold deposit in Transbaikalia, Russia
Authors: Yurgenson G. A.
Published: November 2024

Research subject. A section of the V ore zone in the Verkhnealiinskoye gold deposit in Transbaikalia. Materials and methods. Samples of host rocks and ores from the core of exploratory wells, which cut the ore zone at depth intervals of 27–34; 57–104; 153–168; 285–293 m, were studied by the methods of chemical analysis, as well as determination of crystal structural perfection, phase α→β transition temperatures, and electrical resistivity of vein quartz. Results and conclusions. An increase in the degree of crystal structural perfection (CSP) of vein quartz in cross sections in the direction from the quartzification zone at the contacts to the axial parts of the vein from 59 to 73 (average 63) in the upper section, from 54 to 79 (average 67.2) in the lower-middle section, and from 86 to 93 (average 89.2) in the section below the wedging of the conductor was established. Over the entire depth range from 27 to 168 m, the average CSP value degree increases from 63 to 89.2. Similarly, although less clearly, phase (α→β) transition temperatures in quartz undergo changes; their connection with the CSP value was revealed. The electrical resistivity of vein quartz increases during the transition from the quartz zone to the quartz vein due to a decrease in the number of inclusions and impurities of hydromica and chlorite. The possibility of using the СSP value in combination with data on the content of gold, silver, and bismuth to assess the level of an erosion section of newly discovered gold manifestations is confirmed, both in individual undercuts by boreholes and in the form of dumps or bedrock outcrops of quartz veins.
Adaptation of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen Scale into Turkish and examination of its psychometric properties: a validity and reliability study
Authors: Sarı Seda Aybüke , Agadayı Ezgi , Çelik Nurullah , Karahan Seher , Kömürlüoğlu Ayça , Döğer Esra
Published: November 2024

Objective. Management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is quite challenging for both adolescents and their families. In this study, we aimed to translate the 14-item Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) scale, which measures variables that influence diabetes distress, to Turkish and investigate the Turkish version’s reliability and validity.
Methods. One hundred and ninety-four adolescents with T1DM participated in the study. PAID-T and forms for sociodemographic and diabetes characteristics were used for data collection. The scale’s content validity was checked using the Davis technique. Cronbach’s α was used to analyze the scale’s internal reliability and the test-retest for the scale’s reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was utilized to examine the factor structure. The fit of the scale was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Results. Of the participants, 54.6% (n=106) were girls. The content validity index values of the scale items ranged between 0.86 and 1.0. The PAID-T scores of girls and boys were similar. No significant difference was found between PAID-T scores with sociodemographic data and diabetes characteristics (p>0.05). The test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.952. The three-factor (emotional burden, family and friend distress, and regimen-specific distress) model identified in EFA explained 61.8% of the common variance. Fit analysis was performed using CFA for the three-factor model, which did not show adequate fit (x2/df = 2.402, GFI = 0.822, CFI = 0.815, NFI = 0.727, NNFI = 0.772, RMSEA = 0.118). The Cronbach α value of the scale was 0.864.
Conclusion. The Turkish version of the 14-item PAID-T showed moderate validity and strong reliability. Accordingly, it can be used as a reliable measurement tool to assess diabetes stress in adolescents with T1DM.
Podophyllotoxin and Aryltetralin Lignans: Methods for the Synthesis of Rings A, B, C, D
Authors: Flores-Hernández Francisco , Zárate-López Tania Isabel , Alcaráz-Cano Marco Antonio , Escalante Jaime , Rivera-Ramírez José Domingo
Published: November 2024

Podophyllotoxin, its derivatives and structural analogues are an extensive group of aryl-tetralin-lignans of interest in pharmacology due to their promising anticancer and antitumor activity. The synthesis methods that have been proposed to date seek to resolve synthetic, stereochemical, pharmacodynamic and environmental aspects. In this review we have updated and brought together different classifications of lignan and podophyllotoxin synthesis. Transformation methods focus on the strategies used to form or functionalize rings A, B, C and D, as well as the configuration of the system of four stereogenic centers that fuse rings C and D.
PENGARUH PROGRAM PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI 25 PROVINSI WILAYAH PRIORITAS PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN EKSTREM
Authors: Anindita Gabriella Natalie Krista , Nurhayati
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of poverty alleviation programs of 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in 2020 – 2023 period.  This research uses panel data regression methods to determine the effect of poverty alleviation programs, namely the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT), Kartu Prakerja (KPK), and Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) on poverty levels. Secondary data of 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in the 2020 – 2023 period was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (TNP2K), and other ministries/institutions. The regression results show that KUR has a negative effect on poverty levels, while PKH, BPNT, and KPK have no effect on poverty levels in 25 provinces in Indonesia as part of the priority areas for eradicating extreme poverty stage II in the 2020 – 2023 period
DETERMINAN SISI PENAWARAN GREEN BONDS ASEAN
Authors: Wijaya Richy , Dwi Hartini Rahayu  , Salim Budiman
Published: November 2024

The explicit objective of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the supply side of Green Bonds in ASEAN countries. This research aims to examine how the characteristics of green bonds and the characteristics of issuing companies affect the amount of green bonds issued in ASEAN countries, particularly in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines during the period from 2018 to 2021. This study employs a quantitative research design with a linear regression analysis approach using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. This design was chosen to identify and measure the relationship between the independent variables (green bond characteristics and issuer company characteristics) and the dependent variable (the amount of green bonds issued). The independent variables in this study are Green Bond Characteristics, proxied by coupon rates and risk premiums. Additionally, the study includes the variable Issuer Company Characteristics, proxied by the debt ratio of the issuing company. The dependent variable in this study is the amount of green bonds issued. This research utilizes panel data that encompasses green bonds issued in four ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines) from 2018-2021. This panel data allows for analysis that accounts for variability over time and across different companies or countries. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the characteristics of green bonds and the characteristics of issuing companies with the amount of green bonds issued in ASEAN countries. Specifically, it was found that green bond characteristics such as coupon rates and risk premiums significantly impact the amount of green bonds issued. Higher coupon rates and higher risk premiums tend to reduce the amount of green bonds issued. Additionally, the characteristics of the issuing companies, particularly the debt ratio, were also found to have a significant influence on the amount of green bonds issued. Companies with higher debt ratios tend to issue more green bonds. Overall, this study identifies key factors influencing the supply of green bonds in ASEAN and provides insights that can support the development of policies and strategies to strengthen the green bond market in the region
The Study on Planning and Evaluation for IT Governance Domain PO and ME Quality Control Using the Cobit Framework 4.1
Authors: Panji Novantara  , Dadan Nugraha
Published: November 2024

Tata kelola TI merupakan bagian dari tata kelola dan sebuah organisasi, selain itu tata kelola TI merupakan struktur hubungan dan proses untuk mengarahkan dan mengendalikan organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan. Penelitian di Kementerian PUPR akan menghasilkan rekomendasi Tata Kelola TI yang merupakan pengembangan dari Tata Kelola TI yang sudah dilakukan, namun saat ini proses Tata Kelola TI belum dilakukan secara menyeluruh. Perencanaan dan Evaluasi serta pengendalian kualitas tata kelola teknologi informasi perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan atau kemajuan TI dan mengukur apakah TI di Kementerian PUPR sudah digunakan secara efektif dan efisien. Rekomendasi Tata Kelola TI dibuat untuk meningkatkan kinerja TI di Kementerian PUPR. Pada penelitian ini, framework yang digunakan adalah COBIT (Control Objective for Information and Related Technology) versi 4.1, domain yang dipilih pada penelitian ini adalah domain Plan and Organize (PO) dan Monitoring and Evaluate (ME). Tingkat kematangan digunakan untuk melihat gambaran kondisi tata kelola teknologi informasi saat ini dan peningkatannya di masa yang akan datang. Dari pemetaan maturity model tersebut, diharapkan tingkat tingkat kematangan untuk Kementerian PUPR berada pada level 3, sehingga tingkat kematangan masing-masing proses kontrol dapat lebih baik dengan adanya rekomendasi pengelolaan TI untuk mendukung tercapainya tujuan tata kelola TI yang dilakukan dan diharapkan berada pada level maksimal. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa evaluasi dan rekomendasi TI di Kementerian PUPR untuk domain PO dan ME.
Implementasi Internet of Things untuk Monitoring Kebisingan di Studio Musik Chikara
Authors: Ricky Rachman  , Nunu Nugraha  , Endra Suseno
Published: November 2024

Kebisingan pada intensitas dan frekuensi tertentu dapat berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan manusia. Studio Musik Chikara merupakan tempat penyewaan alat musik yang sering menghasilkan suara berintensitas tinggi, terutama pada malam hari, sehingga memicu keluhan dari warga sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pemantauan tingkat kebisingan pada studio musik tersebut. Sistem ini menggunakan algoritma Fuzzy Logic dengan input berupa intensitas suara. Sensor suara digunakan dalam sistem, dengan mikrokontroler ESP32 sebagai pusat pemrosesan data yang diperoleh dari sensor. Metode penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka, sementara pengembangan sistem dilakukan dengan metode Extreme Programming (XP). Pengujian sistem dilakukan pada perangkat simulasi menggunakan prototipe yang telah dibuat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat memantau tingkat kebisingan yang dihasilkan di studio musik sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Selain itu, aplikasi Android yang dikembangkan mampu menampilkan kondisi dan nilai kebisingan secara real-time; ketika intensitas suara melebihi ambang batas yang telah ditentukan, alarm akan menyala. Dengan demikian, sistem pemantauan kebisingan ini menjadi solusi yang efisien dan efektif dalam mengelola tingkat kebisingan di studio musik.
Public control of outer space: towards the formulation of the problem
Authors: Cheshin Andrei Vladimirovich , Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich , Petrenko Elena Gennad'evna , Malinovskii Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of issues related to the possibility of organizing and implementing public control (control of the civil society of the peoples of the United Nations) over the processes of exploration and use of outer space. The authors note that outer space is of exceptional value and importance for the processes of conservation and development of mankind, since: the exploration of outer space in the last decade has been carried out at a rapidly growing pace; modern telecommunications technologies are not possible without the use of outer space; outer space is the most important condition for ensuring the defense security of states; the danger of environmental pollution of near space by waste has increased. There are serious risks of additional militarization of outer space (up to the placement of weapons of mass destruction in it); the activities of private economic entities in outer space are poorly controlled by the international community and the civil society of the peoples of the United Nations. A number of scientific research methods are used in the work, in particular: formal-logical; comparative-legal; historical-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The authors note that the organization and implementation of public control (control of the civil society of the peoples of the United Nations) over the processes of exploration and use of outer space are fraught with a number of problems: the UN Charter and international legislation do not directly fix the grounds and limits of the implementation of this control; the norms of international space law do not always detail the possibility of participation of civil society institutions in the control of the study and use of outer space; there is no certainty as to which subjects of public control (control of the civil society of the peoples of the United Nations) should organize and conduct its activities for the processes of exploration and use of outer space; these subjects are not endowed with a set of real powers that can ensure the legality of the above-mentioned processes; these subjects have a weak material and technical base; there is no mechanism for bringing to legal responsibility those responsible for countering the legitimate control activities of the above-mentioned entities.
Effect of age, period, and birth cohort on diabetes mellitus mortality rate in Colombia, 1983-2022. An analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Pérez Bedoya Juan Pablo , Perez Aguirre Carlos Andres , Barengo Noel C. , Diaz Paula Andrea
Published: November 2024

Objective: To estimate the contributions of the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the trend in the mortality rate due to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Colombia during the years 1983-2022. Methods: Analytical observational study, with pooled cross-sectional data, using mortality records and population projections from the National Department of Statistics. The count of deaths due to DM for each age group, period and cohort was organized in quinquennia. A multiple quasi-Poisson model was applied using the intrinsic estimator method with collapsing intention. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) of each age group, period, and cohort compared to the overall average rate was reported, along with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 234,117 DM-related deaths were recorded. In general, mortality due to DM increased with age. The lowest mortality was observed in the 5-9 years age group (MRR 0.04; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.06), while the highest occurred in the 85 years and older age group (MRR 18.49; 95% CI 16.88 to 20.25). Regarding the cohort effect, a lower MRR was found as cohorts got younger, with an MRR of 1.58 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.77) for the 1898-1902 cohort and 0.11 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.25) for the 2018-2022 cohort. At the period level, MRR increased between 1983-2002, stabilized between 2003-2007, and decreased between 2008-2017. However, between 2018 and 2022, a further increase was recorded. Conclusion: Public health actions should ensure healthy aging, continuous control of diabetes complications, and health care awareness in new generations.
Evaluación de la tendencia temporal y las desigualdades en salud en la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en Argentina y Colombia, 2001 a 2022
Authors: Di Filippo Paula Daniela , Diaz Paula Andrea
Published: November 2024

Objetivos: Describir la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en Colombia y Argentina del 2001 al 2022. Analizar la desigualdad en la distribución de la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en Argentina y Colombia para 2001 y 2022. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de series temporales. Se realizó análisis de tendencia mediante software Joinpoint 5.2.0 y se calculó coeficiente de Gini con software R Studio 4.3.1. Se tomó como variable dependiente mortalidad por ECV y variable independiente tiempo en años. Se utilizaron datos provenientes del DANE(Colombia), INDEC y DEIS(Argentina). Resultados: Argentina mostró un descenso entre 2001-2020 {2001-2005, APC= -3,92 [IC95% -7,32 - 1,68]; 2005-2020, APC= -1,57 [IC95% -3,99 – 0,08]. Del 2020-2022, registró un incremento no estadísticamente significativo, APC= 3,89 [IC95% -1,39 – 6,74]. Colombia, registró un descenso entre 2001 a 2019 (2001 a 2011: APC= -2,53 [IC95% -5,71 - -1,84]) estadísticamente significativo y otro corte no estadísticamente significativo del 2011 al 2019, APC= -0,73 [IC95% -1,84 - -1,34]. Del 2020 a 2022 presentó un aumento estadísticamente significativo con APC=6,57 [IC95% 3,52 – 11,76]. El coeficiente de Gini para Colombia fue 0,254 [IC95% 0,19 – 0,32] para 2001 y 0,249 (IC 95% 0,20 – 0,32) para 2022. Para Argentina fue 0,217 [IC95% 0,17 – 0,28] para 2001 y para 2022 0,209 [IC95% 0,15 – 0,28]. Conclusiones: Se observó que la tasa de mortalidad por ECV ajustada por edad del período 2001-2022 es más elevada en Argentina. Las desigualdades en la distribución de la mortalidad por ECV son mayores en Colombia.
Review of certification methods for unmanned aircraft
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Fisenko E. S.
Published: November 2024

Certification of high-tech products, such as unmanned aircrafts, occupies a sufficient part of time and material resources for developers and manufacturers, which inevitably leads to the slowdown of production output. The article analyzes the methods of certification of unmanned aircrafts existing at the moment in some countries. It also reveals the existing difficulties in obtaining certification and passing tests to obtain it. In order to simplify the testing, the introduction of digital twin technology as a less resource-consuming procedure is proposed. This article can be useful both for developers and manufacturers, and certification centers.
Development of an electrically conductive polymer composite based on linear low-density polyethylene modified with high-structural carbon black
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Rogachev E. A. , Kalenchuk A. A. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: November 2024

The developed polymer composites based on low-density linear polyethylene modified with OMCARB CH85 technical carbon have been experimentally investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the composites' properties has demonstrated that the use of this filler type results in a percolation transition at a 25 % mass fraction of filler, leading to an decrease in resistivity. Samples with lower concentrations exhibit electrical resistance values corresponding to those of semiconductors. When the filler concentration reaches 20 %, the maximum material stiffness is observed, and the character of stretching transitions from ductile to brittle. Electron microscopic examination of the samples reveals a mesh microstructure of the polymer matrix with embedded carbon black particles acting as crystallization nuclei. As a result, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composite are enhanced.
Mathematical modeling non-contact external compression pumps with different molecular weights gases
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Raykov A. A. , Isaev A. A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Burmistrov A. V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: November 2024

A distinctive feature of Roots type vacuum pumps is the selective of pumping, which is due to the dependence of reverse flows on the type of gas. To study this phenomenon, a mathematical model of the work process is used, based on solving differential equations of a system with variable mass. Comparisons of the experimental and calculated values of pumping speed and pressure increase for helium, argon and air show a discrepancy of no more than 10 %. Calculations have shown that under viscous flow conditions, switching from pumping argon to helium reduces pumping speed by more than 10 % and pressure increase by 50 %.
Problematic issues and ways to solve them during reverse engineering of compressor design units
Authors:   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Sarmanaeva A. F. , Sokolov N. V. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Paranina O. Yu. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Kuzovov V. V. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Sidorova Yu. V. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Davletshin I. S. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Lotfullin I. N. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group, Korshunov M. V. ,   JSC «NIIturbocompressor n.a. V. B. Shnepp», HMS Group
Published: November 2024

A significant part of the compressor fleet in Russia consists of foreign-made centrifugal and screw compressors, which, with operating time and depreciation, require repair according to regulations or modernization due to changed technological operating conditions. The supply of spare parts needed for repairs has become more complicated due to the rise in cost or lack of logistics. This leads to the problem of maintaining the compressor equipment in working order or its downtime. The manufacture of spare parts is problematic due to the lack of design documentation from operating organizations. The offer of reverse engineering services for spare parts and compressor assemblies by specialists of JSC «NIIturbocompressor n. a. V. B. Shnepp» makes it possible to improve and solve the problem of maintaining the effective condition of foreign equipment. At the same time, the article describes the problems that arise during reverse engineering of rotors of centrifugal and screw compressors, the spatial profile of impellers and fluid film bearings. The main points contributing to the successful completion of reverse engineering tasks are indicated, the accuracy of 3D scanning is determined, and methods for setting nominal dimensions and deviation tolerances are presented.
Experience of applying 3D-scanning and CFD calculations to study and optimization the flow in the impeller of a multi-shaft centrifugal compressor
Authors:   LLC «VELTEX», Filimonov E. V. , Marenina L. N. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Drozdov A. A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Sadovsky N. I. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: November 2024

The paper presents an analysis of semi-open centrifugal impellers of a three-stage multi-shaft compressor. A 3D-scanning of the geometry of the impellers is carried out, a CFD calculation is carried out at the design operating mode of the compressor, and the results obtained are analyzed. Problems have been identified with the second stage impeller. Next, the geometry of all three impellers is optimized using Ansys CFX software, an improvement in efficiency and an improvement in the flow pattern are obtained.
OČEKIVANI DOPRINOSI I IZAZOVI U IMPLEMENTACIJI UREDBE EUROPSKE UNIJE O OPSKRBNIM LANCIMA BEZ KRČENJA ŠUMA (EUDR)
Authors: Odobaša Rajko
Published: November 2024

In order to stop the alarming pace of global deforestation and forest degradation, the Union adopted Regulation 2023/1115 on supply chains without deforestation (European Union’s Deforestation Regulation – EUDR). The key articles of the Regulation must be applied by large economic entities and traders from 30 December 2024. The Regulation is an expression of the regulatory will of the Union to influence the global stop of deforestation more strongly than with its previous relevant legal acts and policies, but also to contribute to sustainable forest management, restoration of biodiversity and climate stabilization. Zero deforestation and afforestation are of crucial importance for the preservation of irreplaceable ecological, economic, and social services that forests contribute to the well-being of man, and probably to his survival. The EUDR prescribes measures aimed at establishing safe and sustainable global supply chains that will not place on or export from the EU market timber, beef, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber and soy and their products, the production of which is linked to deforestation or forest degradation anywhere in the world. This also promotes the responsible consumption of targeted goods and products whose production is not related to the expansion of agriculture as the most common cause of deforestation and forest degradation. The paper analyses the motives, goals, and structure of the EUDR, as well as the foreseen system of obligations and responsibilities of economic entities and traders, competent national authorities, and customs of the member states of the Union and the EU Commission for the supply or export from the European market of goods and products that after 31 December 2020 are not related to deforestation and forest degradation. The research was conducted by use of data and information sources and the application of legal, political, economic, sociological, and environmental analysis and synthesis methods.
NA PUTU PREMA RODNOJ RAVNOPRAVNOSTI ŽENA U HRVATSKOM DRUŠTVU
Authors: Blagojević Anita , Rešetar Branka , Tucak Ivana
Published: November 2024

After more than half a century since the beginning of a global movement for women’s rights, humanity still has a long way to go before achieving true gender equality. Currently, achieving equality of women and men is an important political and strategic goal at the global and European levels, as well as in the Republic of Croatia. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the historical development of women’s rights in global and national contexts, to analyse the legislative and institutional framework of protection of women’s rights to equality and non-discrimination in the Republic of Croatia, and to present current data on the equality index of women and men in the Republic of Croatia based on international measurements. In conclusion, the current status of women on the way to achieving gender equality in Croatian society will be reviewed critically.
AI National Security: Strategic Priorities of Türkiye and the UAE
Authors: Çetin Ozan Ahmet , Keşvelioğlu Abdullah
Published: November 2024

Although there is widespread convergence about the importance of artificial intelligence (AI), there is less specificity regarding which aspects of the technology states prioritize. AI is a general-purpose technology with a wide range of possible applications. Given limited resources, states must strategically decide which aspects of AI to invest in and dedicate their resources to. Using Türkiye and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) as case studies, we argue that states pay attention to both the long-term and short-term implications of AI. First, they understand the revolutionary potential of AI and are investing in developing general capabilities. They view keeping up with this technology as vital for maintaining their countries’ economic and strategic competitiveness. This is a long-term view of AI that recognizes that there is still considerable progress to be made before it reaches its full potential. Second, even before AI reaches its full potential, it already delivers considerable strategic results from training and logistics to autonomous systems and cybersecurity. States invest in those demonstrated capabilities of AI to address their existing strategic needs. This perspective on AI applies to today’s capabilities, not an abstract future concept. By committing resources to cultivate a skilled AI workforce and to keep in touch with research and development efforts in the area both Türkiye and the UAE prepare for long-term implications. As for the short-term priorities, Türkiye has used AI to enhance its counterterrorism efforts. Meanwhile, the UAE has leveraged AI to address its manpower limitations.
Comparative effectiveness of shorter regimen with oral bedaquiline or injectable on treatment outcomes and mortality among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Guinea: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Diallo Alhassane , Diallo Oumou Hawa , Barry Alpha Oumar , Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Camara Lansana Mady
Published: November 2024

Objectives:

Results of clinical trials indicate that oral bedaquiline, instead of an injectable drug to treat rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), is associated with significant improvement in treatment success and mortality 24 months after treatment initiation. We aimed to compare treatment success and mortality in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with shorter oral bedaquiline-containing versus injectable regimens in Guinea.

Materials and Methods:

We enrolled patients with RR-TB who were treated with an MDR-TB treatment regimen from June 2016 to June 2022 in three tuberculosis (TB) centers in Guinea. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcomes were treatment success and loss of follow-up. A based on average treatment effect on the treated propensity score on age, sex, geographic site, previous TB treatment, acid-fast-bacilli smear-positivity, and human immunodeficiency virus-infection status was used to account for confounding bias. Cox and logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR).

Results:

1112 patients treated for MDR-TB during the study period were analyzed: 253 in the bedaquiline group and 859 in the injectable group. Fifteen patients (5.9%) were lost to follow-up, 18 (6.7%) had treatment failure or recurrence, and 46 died (18.2%). A 175 (69.2%) had treatment success in the bedaquiline group, compared with 57 (6.6%), 21 (2.4%), 162 (18.9%), and 619 (72.1%) in the injectable group, respectively. In the adjusted analyses, the bedaquiline-containing regimen was associated with a significant reduction of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval CI]: 0.42–0.91), a higher probability of treatment success (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00–1.17), and a similar risk of loss to follow-up (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32–1.22) as compared with the injectable group.

Conclusion:

In real-life conditions, a short oral bedaquiline regimen was associated with lower odds of death and higher odds of treatment success among patients with MDR-TB. These findings support the use of short bedaquiline-containing regimens until a new BPaLM regimen is widely available.
Effect of COVID-19 on pediatric gunshot wounds to the head at a level 1 trauma center
Authors: Sawaya Jessica , McRae Joyce J. L. H. , Mladenov Georgi , Larson Joseph Michael , Radulescu Andrei , Minasian Tanya
Published: November 2024

Background:

The United States (US) has one of the highest rates of gunshot-related incidents in the world. Gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH) in the pediatric population are also common, with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study to analyze if there was a notable change in trends in pediatric GSWH at our Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective study was conducted including patients under the age of 18 presenting with GSWH from January 2014 to May 2023. Variables assessed included demographics, interventions, and outcomes. Data from the county’s Child Death Review Team Annual Report on mortality related to gunshot-related deaths from January 2014 to June 2023 were analyzed.

Results:

In total, thirty-five patients were evaluated at our institution for GSWH. Nineteen patients were treated during the 6 years before the pandemic and sixteen during the 3-year pandemic. Nine patients died at the hospital, with an overall increase during the pandemic. In the county, seventy-two children were killed from gun violence, with 58% (42) from GSWH. Death from GSWH increased in the county cohort during the pandemic.

Conclusion:

The pandemic affected the outcomes of patients with GSWH at our institution with an overall increase in rates of self-inflicted and drive-by shootings, a doubling of neurosurgical interventions, an increase in acuity of care for long-term disposition, and an increase in mortality. At a county level, there was an increase in overall deaths from GSWHs, the majority of which were nonaccidental.
The flute: A new microsurgical instrument performing the work of three instruments simultaneously
Authors: Faraj Moneer K. , Al-Neami Auns Q. H. , Forat Hussein Ibraheem , Ismail Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Background:

The surgical suction, irrigator, and retractor are vital instruments in all operative neurosurgical interventions. Several trials previously tried to combine these instruments to reduce the number of working hands in the surgical field and make them more controllable by the surgeon. An instrument combined the suction and irrigation used, and others added suction with the dissector, which was also invented but with many drawbacks.

Methods:

We designed a new surgical instrument that performs the function of three surgical instruments simultaneously. It works as a dissector, suction, and irrigator in the surgical field. Its innovative design unites three instruments, and every one of them has its holding method by the surgeon’s hand. They united into one maneuver. The surgeon’s work becomes easier by decreasing the number of hands in the surgical field; this will result in a reduction in time and better efficiency. Furthermore, its innovative design reduces the possibility of blockage of the suction tube, and the feasibility of reopening is much easier as compared with the available suction.

Results:

We use the 3D-printed design of the instrument by neurosurgeons. It was quite comfortable with better control by the surgeon and reduced the number of hands in the field, resulting in an increment of the operative field visible to the surgeon.

Conclusion:

This new instrument acts as three conventional instruments simultaneously to provide better control to the surgeon and increase the operative field visible to the surgeon.
Piden pan y le dan hueso: Investigadores de la vida silvestre y permisos de investigación en la Argentina
Authors: Seco Pon Juan P. , Pereyra Patricio J.
Published: November 2024

En la Argentina, como en otros países del mundo, estudiar la vida silvestre requiere permisos de investigación que, en general, son emitidos por una agencia competente para autorizar, limitar o describir una actividad científica en una locación o especie en particular. La inmensa diversidad de ecorregiones de nuestro país, el número elevado de investigadores de la vida silvestre que realizan estudios de campo y la normativa nacional e internacional relacionada con la conservación y la protección de los recursos biológicos y genéticos pone de manifiesto la necesidad de contar con un análisis del estado de situación sobre la relación entre los investigadores de la vida silvestre y las agencias encargadas de gestionar y emitir permisos de investigación a nivel nacional. Hasta donde sabemos, no existe un estudio de esta envergadura en la Argentina. Para tal fin, evaluamos —mediante una encuesta en línea— la percepción general de dichos investigadores sobre las agencias encargadas de gestionar y emitir permisos de investigación en la Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la percepción de los investigadores sobre dichas agencias en nuestro país se podría considerar negativa; esta apreciación es similar en todo el país y para todos los estratos de los investigadores encuestados. Las respuestas evidencian la miríada de complicaciones, sinsabores y contradicciones que los investigadores enfrentan a la hora de pedir permisos de investigación. Con este trabajo buscamos identificar los principales puntos de conflictos, evaluar deficiencias del sistema y proponer alternativas que ayuden a mitigar o evitar estos problemas. Esperamos que este trabajo sirva para abrir el diálogo entre el sector científico y el de la administración pública.
Анализ эффективности регулирования численной диссипации при компьютерном моделировании динамики газа и газовзвесей
Authors: Широкова Е.Н. , Садин Д.В.
Published: November 2024

Работа посвящена изучению диссипативных свойств гибридного метода крупных частиц второго порядка аппроксимации. Регуляризация численного решения обеспечена двумя способами: нелинейной коррекцией искусственной вязкости (на эйлеровом этапе) и гибридной аппроксимацией пространственных производных за счет использования различных нелинейных ограничительных функций (на лагранжевом этапе). Диссипативные свойства метода продемонстрированы на примере задачи Сода, ее модификации с отражением ударной волны от стенки. Изучено течение газовзвеси при распаде произвольного разрыва с малым начальным отношением давлений при различных числах Стокса. Численные решения сопоставлены с асимптотически точными решениями.

The work is devoted to studying the dissipative properties of the hybrid large-particle method of the second order of approximation. The regularization of the numerical solution is provided in two ways: nonlinear correction of artificial viscosity (at the Eulerian stage) and hybrid approximation of spatial derivatives through various nonlinear restrictive functions (at the Lagrangian stage). The dissipative properties of the method are demonstrated by the example of the Sod problem, its modification with the reflection of the shock wave from the wall. The flow of a gas suspension during the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity with a small initial pressure ratio at various Stokes numbers has been studied. Numerical solutions are compared with asymptotically exact solutions.