bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crop Selection and International Differences in Aggregate Agricultural Productivity
Authors: Alvarez Jorge , Berg Claudia
Published: August 2019

A large share of cross-country differences in productivity is explained by differences in agricultural productivity. Using a combination of sub-national agricultural statistics and geospatial datasets on crop-specific potential yields, we study the main drivers of this variation from a macroeconomic perspective. We find that differences in geographically-induced crop-specific comparative advantages can explain a substantial share of the variation in yields across the world. Data reveal substantial gaps between potential and observed yields in most countries. When decomposing these within country gaps, we find that crop selection gaps are on average larger than those induced by input usage alone. The results highlight the importance of understanding the interaction of geography and crop selection drivers in assessing aggregate agricultural productivity differences.
Financial Development, Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Debt Dollarization
Authors: Kim Minsuk
Published: August 2019

This paper examines how financial development influences the debt dollarization of nonfinancial firms in a sample of emerging market economies (EMEs). The macroeconomic channels are identified from an optimal portfolio allocation model and assessed empirically using the accounting information of nonfinancial firms from 21 EMEs during 2009–2017. The results show that financial development, measured by the private credit-to-GDP ratio, mainly reduces the influence of exchange rate volatility in determining a firm's debt currency composition, among other channels. Furthermore, the effect of exchange rate volatility becomes statistically insignificant beyond an estimated threshold credit-to-GDP ratio of 100 percent.
What Do Deviations from Covered Interest Parity and Higher FX Hedging Costs Mean for Asia
Authors: Hong Gee Hee , Oeking Anne , Kang Kenneth , Rhee Changyong
Published: August 2019

Asian countries have high demand for U.S. dollars and are sensitive to U.S. dollar funding costs. An important, but often overlooked, component of these costs is the basis spread in the cross-currency swap market that emerges when there are deviations from covered interest parity (CIP). CIP deviations mean that investors need to pay a premium to borrow U.S. dollars or other currencies on a hedged basis via cross-currency swap markets. These deviations can be explained by regulatory changes since the global financial crisis, which have limited arbitrage opportunities and country-specific factors that contribute to a mismatch in the demand and supply of U.S. dollars. We find that an increase in the basis spread tightens financial conditions in net debtor countries, while easing financial conditions in net creditor countries. The main reason is that net debtor countries are, in general, unable to substitute smoothly to other domestic funding channels. Policies that promote reliable alternative funding sources, such as long-term corporate bond market or stable long-term investors, including a “hedging counterpart of last resort,” can help stabilize financial intermediation when U.S. dollar funding markets come under stress.
Weather Shocks and Output in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Acevedo Mejia Sebastian , Baccianti Claudio , Mrkaic Mico , Novta Natalija , Pugacheva Evgenia , Topalova Petia
Published: August 2019

We explore the extent to which macroeconomic policies, structural policies, and institutions can mitigate the negative relationship between temperature shocks and output in countries with warm climates. Empirical evidence and simulations of a dynamic general equilibrium model reveal that good policies can help countries cope with negative weather shocks to some extent. However, none of the adaptive policies we consider can fully eliminate the large aggregate output losses that countries with hot climates experience due to rising temperatures. Only curbing greenhouse gas emissions—which would mitigate further global warming—could limit the adverse macroeconomic consequences of weather shocks in a long-lasting way.
Malaysia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: August 2019

Technical assistance (TA) missions were conducted by Mr. Hendrik Tillmann-Zorn, an IMF short-term government finance statistics (GFS) expert, during the period March 12–16, 2018, followed by remote capacity development through December 17–22, 2018.1 The missions aimed to support the Malaysian authorities in improving government finance statistics (GFS) for decision making. The mission was part of the second three-year government finance statistics (GFS) capacity development project funded by the government of Japan (JSA). The mission met with officials from the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM), the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), and the Accountant General’s (AG) Department.
Malaysia
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: August 2019

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by Mr. Hendrik Tillmann-Zorn, an IMF short-term Government Finance Statistics (GFS) expert, during the period of March 4–8, 2019, to support the Malaysian authorities in improving GFS for decision making. The mission was prepared through a remote support mission in the period December 17–22, 2018. The missions were part of the second three-year GFS capacity development project funded by the Government of Japan (JSA).1 The mission met with officials from the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), and the Accountant General’s (AG) Department. The mission would like to thank the staff of the national institutions for their courtesy and willingness to share their knowledge with the mission. It is especially grateful to the staff of the MOF for their assistance in organizing the mission (see Appendix I for the list of officials met during the mission).
Cook Islands
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: August 2019

The Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre was approached to estimate how international
companies, and the wider international financial services industry, contribute to the Cook Islands’
economy and revenue collection. This report discusses the data and methodology used and
presents the results. One matter that has been raised is that international companies are exempt
from all taxes in the Cook Islands.
The economic contribution of the international financial services industry can be measured by the
value added of resident institutional units engaged, directly or indirectly, in the production of
international financial services in the Cook Islands. The production of international financial services
generates income which is distributed to the various agents or groups of agents who use that
income to acquire goods and services for consumption now or later.
Finding the Bad Apples in the Barrel
Authors: Kerry Will
Published: August 2019

This paper measures the performance of different metrics in assessing banking system vulnerabilities. It finds that metrics based on equity market valuations of bank capital are better than regulatory capital ratios, and other metrics, in spotting banks that failed (bad apples). This paper proposes that these market-based ratios could be used as a surveillance tool to assess vulnerabilities in the banking sector. While the measures may provide a somewhat fuzzy signal, it is better to have a strategy for identifying bad apples, even if sometimes the apples turn out to be fine, than not being able to spot any bad apples before the barrel has been spoiled.
Assessing the formation and evolution mechanisms of severe haze pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region using process analysis
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhu Jia , Liao Hong , Gao Yi , Qiu Yulu , Zhang Meigen , Liu Zirui , Li Nan , Wang Yuesi
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Fine-particle pollution associated with haze threatens human
health, especially in the North China Plain region, where extremely high PM2.5
concentrations are frequently observed during winter. In this study, the
Weather
Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model coupled with an improved integrated process analysis scheme
was used to investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of a haze
event over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in December 2015; this included an examination of
the contributions of local emissions and regional transport to the PM2.5
concentration in the BTH area, and the contributions of each detailed physical or
chemical process to the variations in the PM2.5 concentration. The
mechanisms influencing aerosol radiative forcing (including aerosol direct
and indirect effects) were also examined by using process analysis.
During the aerosol accumulation stage (16–22 December, Stage 1), the near-surface PM2.5 concentration in the BTH region increased from 24.2 to 289.8 µg m−3, with the contributions of
regional transport increasing from 12 % to 40 %, while the contribution
of local emissions decreased from 59 % to 38 %. During the aerosol
dispersion stage (23–27 December, Stage 2), the average
concentration of PM2.5 was 107.9 µg m−3, which was
contributed by local emissions (51 %) and regional transport (24 %).
The 24 h change (23:00 minus 00:00 LST) in the near-surface PM2.5
concentration was +43.9 µg m−3 during Stage 1
and −41.5 µg m−3 during Stage 2. The contributions of
aerosol chemistry, advection, and vertical mixing to the 24 h change were
+29.6 (+17.9) µg m−3, −71.8 (−103.6) µg m−3, and
−177.3 (−221.6) µg m−3 during Stage 1
(Stage 2), respectively. Small differences in the contributions
of other processes were found between Stage 1 and
Stage 2. Therefore, the PM2.5 increase over the BTH region during the
haze formation stage was mainly attributed to strong production by the
aerosol chemistry process and weak removal by the advection and vertical mixing
processes. When aerosol radiative feedback was considered, the 24 h
PM2.5 increase was enhanced by 4.8 µg m−3 during
Stage 1, which could be mainly attributed to the
contributions of the vertical mixing process (+22.5 µg m−3),
the advection process (−19.6 µg m−3), and the aerosol chemistry process
(+1.2 µg m−3). The restrained vertical mixing was the primary
reason for the enhancement in the near-surface PM2.5 increase when aerosol
radiative forcing was considered.
Responses of soil water storage and crop water use efficiency to changing climatic conditions: A lysimeter-based space-for-time approach
Authors: Groh Jannis , Vanderborght Jan , Pütz Thomas , Vogel Hans-Jörg , Gründling Ralf , Rupp Holger , Rahmati Mehdi , Sommer Michael , Vereecken Harry , Gerke Horst H.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Future crop production will be affected by climatic changes. In several regions, the projected changes in total rainfall and seasonal rainfall patterns will lead to lower soil water storage (SWS) which in turn affects crop water uptake, crop yield, water use efficiency, grain quality and groundwater recharge. Effects of climate change on those variables depend on the soil properties and were often estimated based on model simulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of key variables in four different soils and for two different climates in Germany with different aridity index: 1.09 for the wetter (range: 0.82 to 1.29) and 1.57 for the drier climate (range: 1.19 to 1.77), by using high-precision weighable lysimeters. According to a “space-for-time” concept, intact soil monoliths that were moved to sites with contrasting climatic conditions have been monitored from April 2011 until December 2018. Evapotranspiration was lower for the same soil under the relatively drier climate whereas crop yield was significantly higher, without affecting grain quality. Especially non-productive water losses (evapotranspiration out of the main growing period) were lower which led to a more efficient crop water use in the drier climate. A characteristic decrease of the SWS for soils with a finer texture was observed after a longer drought period under a drier climate. The reduced SWS after the drought remained until the end of the observation period which demonstrates carry-over of drought from one growing season to another and the overall long term effects of single drought events. In the relatively drier climate, water flow at the soil profile bottom showed a small net upward flux over the entire monitoring period as compared to downward fluxes (ground water recharge) or drainage in the relatively wetter climate and larger recharge rates in the coarser- as compared to finer-textured soils. The large variability of recharge from year to year and the long lasting effects of drought periods on SWS imply that long term monitoring of soil water balance components is necessary to obtain representative estimates. Results confirmed a more efficient crop water use under less optimal soil moisture conditions. Long-term effects of changing climatic conditions on the SWS and ecosystem productivity should be considered when trying to develop adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector.
MULTI-PURPOSE CHESTNUT CLUSTERS DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING: A PRELIMINARY APPROACH
Authors: Adão T. , Pádua L. , Pinho T. M. , Hruška J. , Sousa A. , Sousa J. J. , Morais R. , Peres E.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In the early 1980′s, the European chestnut tree (Castanea sativa, Mill.) assumed an important role in the Portuguese economy. Currently, the Trás-os-Montes region (Northeast of Portugal) concentrates the highest chestnuts production in Portugal, representing the major source of income in the region (€50M-€60M). The recognition of the quality of the Portuguese chestnut varieties has increasing the international demand for both industry and consumer-grade segments. As result, chestnut cultivation intensification has been witnessed, in such a way that widely disseminated monoculture practices are currently increasing environmental disaster risks. Depending on the dynamics of the location of interest, monocultures may lead to desertification and soil degradation even if it encompasses multiple causes and a whole range of consequences or impacts. In Trás-os-Montes, despite the strong increase in the cultivation area, phytosanitary problems, such as the chestnut ink disease (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), along with other threats, e.g. chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) and nutritional deficiencies, are responsible for a significant decline of chestnut trees, with a real impact on production. The intensification of inappropriate agricultural practices also favours the onset of phytosanitary problems. Moreover, chestnut trees management and monitoring generally rely on in-field time-consuming and laborious observation campaigns. To mitigate the associated risks, it is crucial to establish an effective management and monitoring process to ensure crop cultivation sustainability, preventing at the same time risks of desertification and land degradation. Therefore, this study presents an automatic method that allows to perform chestnut clusters identification, a key-enabling task towards the achievement of important goals such as production estimation and multi-temporal crop evaluation. The proposed methodology consists in the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify and segment the chestnut fruits, considering a small dataset acquired based on digital terrestrial camera.
Required Leadership Traits for an Organizational Success
Authors: Kumari Neeraj , Singh Devi
Published: August 2019

‘Managerial Leadership’ takes an Organization to greater heights, towards the achievement of vision and mission of the Organization. The study aims to assess the perception of the employees about leadership effectiveness in relation to the employee’s satisfaction at BHEL. The study also identifies areas of strengths and need for the improvements in different aspects of leadership which may help in improving the satisfaction level of the employees and hence, better performance at the work place. The LSQ (Leadership Survey Questionnaire) has been used to identify Leadership styles in the organization. The LSQ was sent to the different executives at both the sites and at the Head quarter. The study was conducted at the executive level (E1-E8) at 35 sites. The study concluded that a statistical significant relationship exists between transformational leadership and some factors of employee satisfaction. It found that a statistically significant relationship exists between leadership style and employee satisfaction levels in BHEL.
Perestroika in the Stacks: Independent Library Associations in Moscow and Leningrad
Authors: Kolar Kelly A.
Published: August 2019

Libraries in the Soviet Union were enlisted in propaganda efforts from the time of the 1917 October Revolution. The introduction of perestroika and glasnost reforms in the mid-1980s shook the decades-long principles of Soviet librarianship. As the party loosened its controls on information and cut funding of libraries, a grassroots movement for reform developed among Soviet librarians. Through the formation of independent library associations (ILAs) librarians sought to reimagine the role of the library in a democratizing society. This article uses the establishment of ILAs in the two largest Soviet cities, Moscow and Leningrad, as a lens through which to examine Russian librarians' responses to changes under perestroika and the resulting growth of professional self-awareness that led to the adoption of new values that continue to influence Russian librarianship.
Islamic Organizational Culture, Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility, and Corporate Performance: Evidence From Sharia Bank in Indonesia
Authors: Ifada Luluk Muhimatul , Ghozali Imam , Faisal Faisal
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to examine the importance of Islamic organizational culture and Islamic corporate social responsibility in improving corporate performance. The population of this study is all sharia banks in Central Java – Indonesia. By using census sampling method, 327 sharia banks are determined as samples of the study. Partial least squares (PLS) approach is applied to analyze the data. The results reveal that Islamic organizational culture has a significant role in improving Islamic corporate social responsibility, which in turn, increasing corporate performance.
Nonlinear shear stress reduction factor (rd) for assessment of liquefaction potential in Christchurch Central Business District
Authors: Dismuke James N.
Published: August 2019

Simplified procedures for evaluating liquefaction triggering potential use the nonlinear shear stress reduction factor, rd, to estimate the peak earthquake-induced cyclic shear stress within the soil strata. Previous studies have derived rd by considering the response of representative ground profiles subjected to input ground motions with a range of ground motion characteristics. In this study, site–specific rd for serviceability limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) design ground motions are developed using site response models of the Christchurch Central Business District (CBD). The site response models are generated for typical geologic conditions of Christchurch CBD with shear wave velocity, Vs, profiles developed from the results of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) surveys conducted across Christchurch CBD. A total of 528 simulations were conducted using 1D nonlinear time domain site response analyses using a suite of input ground motions that are representative of controlling ground motion scenarios for seismic hazard of Christchurch. The results of the ground response analyses are used to determine Christchurch CBD-specific rd relationships for liquefaction triggering assessments. The proposed relationships provide a better estimate of the cyclic stress ratios induced below Christchurch CBD when subjected to design SLS and ULS ground motions as compared to typical practice using generic liquefaction assessment methodologies.
Determination of site period for NZS1170.5:2004
Authors: Larkin Tam , Van Houtte Chris
Published: August 2019

The fundamental site period, T, is a key parameter for site classification in NZS 1170.5:2004. Many sites in New Zealand will fall into site classes C and D, where the boundary between the site classes is T = 0.6 seconds. NZS 1170.5 offers several methods of determining site classification. The intent of this paper is to expand on NZS 1170.5 and guide practising engineers towards more accurate and efficient methods for determining site period. We review methods to calculate the shear-wave velocity, then give specific examples for calculating the site period for five types of soil profile (uniform layer, shear-wave velocity increasing as a power of depth, shear modulus increasing linearly with depth, two-layer profile and three-layer profile). We find that NZS 1170.5 clause 3.1.3.7 for calculating site period at layered sites is unconservative and inconsistent with two other well-accepted methods for calculating site period. We consider the most accurate and efficient method of calculating site period for layered sites is to represent the profile as a lumped mass system, then calculate the fundamental frequency from the eigenvalues of the system. The successive application of the two-layer closed form solution is also considered an acceptable method.
Behaviour of post-tensioned timber columns under bi-directional seismic loading
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Pampanin Stefano , Palermo Alessandro , Buchanan Andrew H.
Published: August 2019

Moment-resisting frames made of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) in combination with unbonded post-tensioning have recently been proposed for multi-storey timber buildings. Prefabricated and post-tensioned timber frames can be designed to have enhanced re-centering and energy dissipation after seismic loading. The unbonded post-tensioning provides re-centering capacity while energy is dissipated through the addition of special dissipating devices which also act as external reinforcing.

As part of a research program on multi-storey timber structures, this paper describes experimental and analytical studies to investigate the behaviour of post-tensioned LVL columns under uni-and bi-directional seismic loading. The results show excellent seismic performance, characterized by negligible damage of the structural members and small residual deformations, even under the combined effect of loading in two directions. Energy is dissipated mostly through yielding of external mild steel dissipaters connecting the column and the foundation, which can be easily removed and replaced after an earthquake. Since post-tensioning can be economically performed on site, the system can be easily implemented for either column-to-foundation connections in multi-storey timber buildings as well as for pier-to-foundation and/or pier-to-deck connections in timber bridges.
Cross-Cultural Analysis of the Use of Hedges in European and Pakistani English Newspaper: A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Shafqat Asmara , Memon Rafique Ahmed , Akhtar Huma
Published: August 2019

Language, discourse and communication reveal social and cultural inclinations of human civilization (Van Dijk, 1997). Language behavior is exhibited through communication which is extracted from three main categories of language; “ideational, interpersonal and textual” (Halliday, 1978, 1985). Hedges are interpersonal metadiscourse markers (Hs), lexical devices that authors employ to arrange their discourse and communicate their standpoint about the substance for the reader. Cultural and linguistic background of the author may affect the employment of hedges in the discourse. The present study investigated the interpersonal metadiscourse marker-hedges- in the Culture section of European English Newspaper (CEEN) and Pakistani English Newspaper articles (CPEN) based on Hyland’s classification (2004). The quantitative corpora-based study contained 32 articles from culture section of Pakistani English newspaper: Dawn News (DN) and 32 articles from culture section of European English Newspaper: BBC. The articles from each newspaper were extracted from online resources. Two corpora have equal representation of words, 40000 each. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 to see the frequency of hedges used in the data. Moreover, an independent sample t-test was applied. It was found that there is a meaningful difference between the European and Pakistani English newspapers’ usage of hedges. This research would help not only ELT practitioners to teach how hedges change the genre of discourse, but would also shed light on cultural discourse. It would depict how the same hedges are used in two different cultural discourses revealing distinct culture and identity.
Instant Mobile Messaging (WhatsApp) and Teaching Translation: Views Elicited from Saudi Translation Teachers and Students
Authors: Alkhatnai Mubarak
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the views of Saudi translation teachers and students toward using instant messaging services (such as WhatsApp) in their translation learning and teaching. Using a qualitative research method (content analysis), three teachers’ and 15 students’ utterances were analyzed and the pros and cons of using this type of technology described. While some participants raised technological and instructional pitfalls many also reported educational and social gains. The teachers and the students had different reasons for establishing chat groups and for the possible uses of this technology; however, all agreed it was effective for their teaching and learning. Suggestions for the integration of this technology into Saudi and international translation classes are also given.
Factors Influencing Indonesian Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Local Fast-Food Restaurant
Authors: Hidayat Anas , Adanti Aprilia P. , Darmawan Arief , Setyaning Alldila N. A.
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty toward the local fast food restaurant in Indonesia. The variables involved in this study were perceived service quality, perceived product quality, perceived price fairness, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. Samples of this study were customers of the local fast food restaurant in Yogyakarta. Quantitative method is used to analyze the relationships within variables. This research examined 200 respondents by spreading the online questionnaires that were analyzed by using Structural Equation Model method. To collect the data, this study used convenience sampling method. The results show that perceived service quality, perceived product quality, and perceived price fairness had a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. Also, perceived service quality, perceived product quality, and perceived price fairness had a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. Finally, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on customer loyalty. Perceived price fairness was the highest influence on Indonesian consumers for being loyal to the local fast food restaurants.
Het concern en het ontslagrecht: de Hoge Raad eist maatwerk
Authors: van Schadewijk M.A.N.
Published: August 2019

Het concern en het ontslagrecht: de Hoge Raad eist maatwerk

Op 18 januari 2019 liet de Hoge Raad zich uit over de verhouding tussen het Nederlandse grondenstelsel en concernbrede herplaatsingsvereiste enerzijds en het afvloeiingsbeleid van het internationale Shell-concern anderzijds. In deze bijdrage analyseert de auteur de betekenis van de beschikking voor de plaats van het (internationale) concern in het Nederlandse ontslagrecht. Hij concludeert dat de beschikking van de Hoge Raad goed past binnen het systeem van de Ontslagregeling, waarin de wetgever op casuïstische wijze recht probeert te doen aan het concernlidmaatschap van de werkgever. Met die gefragmenteerde benadering is ook het probleem gegeven: zij stoelt niet op een duidelijke visie op het concern en leidt tot rechtsonzekerheid. In dat licht schetst de auteur enige gezichtspunten ten aanzien van de reikwijdte van het concernbrede herplaatsingsvereiste.
Ways of spending free time by teachers of physical education in Tarnów
Authors: Ziemba Anita
Published: August 2019

Aim of the study: The aim of the work was to conduct research in the field of interests and their impact on spending free time by physical education teachers teaching at schools in Tarnów. Material and methods: The research was carried out in 2018 among 30 teachers in the 30–50 age group, teaching physical education in primary schools, junior high schools and upper secondary schools in Tarnow, taking part in thematic workshops. The research was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey, and a survey technique was used to obtain the necessary information and data. Results: The surveyed PE teachers most often spend their free time actively outside home, and most preferably with the family and friends. Sport was the most popular choice among respondents, regardless of gender. Clear gender differences were noted in the areas of spending free time, interests and hobbies. Conclusions: The vast majority of PE teachers surveyed spend their free time actively, mainly interested in sport. Women are more interested in health and beauty, and men in film and music, motorization and DIY.
Effect of 50 Hz magnetic field on chicken embryo development and course of hatching
Authors: Lis Marcin
Published: August 2019

The effect of additional extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz) on the development of chick embryo was investigated. The experiment was carried out in three variants for induction values 15 μT, 10 μT and 5 μT. Magnetic field (MF) in the experimental incubator was generated by a set of three Helmholtz coils. The following analyses were performed: embryopathological analysis; evaluation of the hatched chicks for quality; analysis of the course and synchronization of hatching. Increased embryo mortality was found between 1 and 6 days of incubation in 15 μT MF and between 18 and 20 days of incubation in 5 μT MF. In each group exposed to MF, the principal stage of hatching was completed earlier. Increased degree of chick hatching synchronization was observed in MF of 5 μT and 10 μT. Hatching results in the control group were higher than in MF exposed groups. Statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences were found for chick malpositions in the groups incubated with exposure to additional MF of 10 μT and 5 μT compared to the control groups.
Odpowiedzialność solidarna
Authors: Głowacka - Michalak Alicja
Published: August 2019

Introduced by the Act amending the Civil Code of February 14, 2003, joint and several liability of the investor and general contractor for payment of subcontractor's remuneration due to divergent interpretations of regulations and inconsistent judicial decisions, did not solve practical problems, and violated the principle of equal parties and exposed the investor to the risk of paying double remuneration to the contractor and subcontractor. The basic change was made by the act of 7/04/2017. Currently, the joint and several liability regime provides the subcontractor with an additional guarantee of payment of remuneration not only from the contractor, but also from the investor.
Budynek w ekstremalnych strefach klimatycznych
Authors: Romanowska Justyna , Brzezicki Marcin
Published: August 2019

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Ocena skuteczności nowych kompetencji Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej wprowadzonych w latach 2017-2019
Authors: Szymanek Paweł
Published: August 2019

In the article "The new manners and methods of supervision over taxpayers, withholding agents and importers by the National Tax Administration" I have presented the new methods following in order: JPK file, JPK_VAT file, STIR - IT system of clearing house, on-line cash register, split payment, road freight transport monitoring system, tax scheme. In further part, I meticulously analysed effectiveness of supervision of the National Tax Administration over taxpayers. Will new regulations ensure supervision of taxpayers in a correct manner.
During the analysis of the new manners and methods of supervision over taxpayers, withholding agents and importers by tax, customs and tax investigation authorities, a number of irregularities have been uncovered. The said authorities have been improperly prepared as far as the efficient implementation of their statutory objectives is concerned. The mistakes which had been recognised in the operations of the National Tax Administration needs another changes.
Identification and Quantification of Nonviable Lactobacillus pentosus Cells in a Health Food Product
Authors: Liu Na , Zhou Wei , Wang Chune , Ren Xiu , Luo Haipeng , Chen Yiwen , Xie Guandong , Yu Wen , Lu Yong , Cui Shenghui
Published: August 2019

Background: The lack of formal protocol to verify the nonviable cell probiotic product authenticity blocks its registration and supervision process. Objective: To develop a protocol for identification, enumeration, and purity determination of a Lactobacillus pentosus nonviable cell product. Methods: The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis, whole-genome sequencing, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS), and FACSMicroCount™ system were applied to establish a protocol of identification, enumeration and purity determination of a Lactobacillus pentosus nonviable cell product. Results: The 1530 bp of 16S rRNA sequence could only identify the bacteria at genus level, but the MALDI-TOF-MS could identify both the nonviable cell and fresh culture to species level with high confidence. Metagenomic analysis of the 16S rRNA amplicon could recognize Lactobacillus as the dominant genus in the nonviable cell product. The total number of matching k-mers between the nonviable cell product and the L. pentosus BGM48 in the GenBank was the highest. The 95% confidence interval of the nonviable cell concentration in the product was determined as 4.31–4.68 × 1010 cells/g through the BD FACSMicroCount system. Conclusions: This validation protocol offers an executable approach that can verify microbial contents in nonviable cell products and ensure the compliance with label claims. Highlights: The established validation protocol could determine the nonviable cell species through MALDI-TOF-MS, the concentration through FACSMicroCount system, and the purity and strain level identification through metagenomic analysis of 16S rRNA and the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid.
Application of Automated Mini–Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for the Analysis of Pesticides in Complex Spice Matrixes by GC-MS/MS
Authors: Goon Arnab , Shinde Raviraj , Ghosh Bappa , Banerjee Kaushik
Published: August 2019

Background: Pesticide residues are routinely tested in spices for trade compliance. This results in a huge sample load for food testing laboratories and demands automation in sample preparation. Although there exists a method for the analysis of pesticides in fruits using an automated sample cleanup by mini–solid-phase extraction (mini-SPE) technique, no study is available to date on spices. Objective: This study aims to develop an automated sample cleanup method using mini-SPE technique in a range of spices, including chili powder, turmeric, black pepper, cumin, coriander, and cardamom. Methods: This automated sample preparation workflow involved an X-Y-Z instrument autosampler, and a set of mini-SPE cartridges comprising cleanup sorbents. Spice samples were extracted by acetonitrile, and the extract was put into an autosampler vial for automated mini-SPE cleanup before analysis by GC tandem MS. For an efficient cleanup, three different sorbent compositions were compared along with various automated workflows. Results: For the relatively simple matrixes (e.g., coriander, cumin, and cardamom), the LOQ for the target pesticides was 10 ng/g with acceptable recovery, and precision. The method provided an LOQ of 10 ng/g for around 77% of the compounds in the relatively complex matrixes (e.g., turmeric, chili powder, and black pepper). The remainder of the compounds had satisfactory recoveries at 20 ng/g and higher levels. Conclusions: Given its time effectiveness and efficient analytical performance, this method can be adopted in commercial food testing laboratories for time-bound analysis of a large volume of samples. Highlights: The study describes effectiveness of the automated mini-SPE cleanup in multiresidue analysis of pesticides in a range of spice matrixes. The method facilitates high-throughput residue analysis in compliance with the regulatory requirements of sensitivity and method performance.
Forgiveness and Plurality
Authors: Strandberg Hugo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

Hannah Arendt is one of the few philosophers who has given an important role to the concept of forgiveness within the context of his or her broader philosophical thinking. This paper aims at giving an account of Arendt’s understanding of forgiveness, critically discussing it, and showing that the concept of forgiveness can be put to greater use than Arendt realizes, by relating it to the important Arendtian concept of plurality.
The Irish Banking Crisis (2008–2016)
Authors: Flynn Gabriel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a vision for leadership in business, banking, and politics based on a recovery of virtue. It draws principally on the works of the classical philosophers Aristotle (384–322 BCE) and Plato (c. 427–347 BCE) in line with the contemporary resurgence of Aristotle associated with Alasdair MacIntyre and others. In the context of an ethical analysis of the Irish banking crisis (2008-2016), the paper will show how virtue ethics can contribute to the avoidance of a repetition of the disastrous financial crisis of 2008 in Ireland and globally. It proposes a holistic approach that integrates virtue and culture, ethics and governance.
Exercícios retóricos: Progymnasmata em Sebastião da Rocha Pita
Authors: Sinkevisque Eduardo
Published: August 2019

Na primeira metade do século XVIII, Sebastião da Rocha Pita atualiza parte dos exercícios preparatórios (progymnasmata) na História da América Portuguesa (1730), na “Oração do Acadêmico Vago Sebastião da Rocha Pita Presidindo na Academia Brasílica dos Esquecidos” (1724) e no Tratado Político (1715). Demonstra-se de que modo o letrado mobiliza a paráfrase e o exercício para compor, por meio de exempla, a argumentação desses textos. Nos três discursos, Rocha Pita reafirma matérias teológico-políticas fundantes do antigo Estado português. A hipótese é que os diferentes usos da paráfrase, nas diferentes situações de interlocução dos gêneros (história, oratória, tratado), sejam fundamentais para o entendimento das práticas performatizadas por Rocha Pita. Tem-se, com isso, os mesmos topoi políticos moralizados catolicamente, porém imitados de modos diferentes, para leitores/ouvintes diferentes.
Epitáfio satírico de D. Francisco de Quevedo e a escritura como Damnatio Memoriae
Authors: Moreira Marcello , Pinto Luzia Silva
Published: August 2019

Propõe-se a análise de epitáfio satírico de Dom Francisco de Quevedo com o objetivo de compreender como estão articulados nele o topos poético do "Exegi monumentum aere perennius", de origem horaciana, as tópicas próprias do gênero "epitáfio", como, por exemplo, a "admoestação" aos passantes, e o cômico, por efetuação da "maledicência" (bomolochia). Lê-se a Poética de Aristóteles com o objetivo de compreender o que se entendia por cômico e os dois grandes subgêneros em que ele estava dividido desde a Antiguidade, e perscrutam-se poéticas dos séculos XVI e XVII em que a doutrina aristotélica sobre esse gênero foi atualizada. Por fim, demonstra-se a articulação entre poética/cômico e retórica demonstrativa.
Francisco Leitão Ferreira, poeta e acadêmico
Authors: Carvalho Maria Do Socorro Fernandes de
Published: August 2019

Este texto noticia a existência de livros de Francisco Leitão Ferreira (1667 a 1735) na Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, no Rio de Janeiro. A partir deste acervo, estuda-se a produção letrada deste importante acadêmico e da inserção de sua obra na cena letrada da Lisboa setecentista. Estuda-se sua produção de poesia, pouco conhecida; e sua produção como pensador, em específico a composição da síntese especulativa das letras seiscentistas, conforme doutrinação importada em Portugal da Itália e da Espanha, por ele elaborada como acadêmico da Academia dos Anônimos de Lisboa: Nova Arte de Conceitos, 1715 e 1721.
Uma prática edificante: a carta do missionário jesuíta ao rei de Portugal
Authors: Pinto Terceiro Moisés Laert , Araújo Joana Luiza Muylaert de
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta elementos que compõem a prática epistolográfica dos jesuítas no antigo Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará, valendo de exemplo particular representado por uma carta do padre Antônio Vieira. A partir da leitura de observações feitas por autores como Alcir Pécora e João Adolfo Hansen, entre outros, este escrito intenta demonstrar e discutir o fato da epistolografia jesuítica se inserir em práticas discursivas correntes no tempo das missões em território da Colônia, em especial o século XVII. A demonstração dos elementos constitutivos da composição epistolográfica dos jesuítas ressalta o caráter mais edificante dessas cartas que factuais.
“No ves que màs de amigo/ que de lo amante me precio?”: tópicas da lírica amorosa na comédia "Hay amigo para amigo", de Manuel Botelho de Oliveira
Authors: Costa Wagner José Maurício
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar a presença de algumas tópicas da lírica amorosa em Hay amigo para amigo, de Manuel Botelho de Oliveira. A leitura da referida comédia foi feita em consonância com as preceptivas do teatro cômico. Percebe-se a utilização tanto das fontes antigas quanto das normas que, no Seiscentos, propuseram a assunção de uma comédia mista. Enquanto comédia de capa y espada, subgênero cuja fábula trata de assuntos amorosos, a peça recorre às tópicas que tratam da philia e do eros nas ações, no ethos e nas sentenças das personagens. A presença da lírica na peça integra-a ao programa lírico do livro Música do Parnaso, com o qual dialoga nas repetições de tópicas e técnicas poéticas.
Estado y “katéchon”: la despolitización de lo político y la politización de lo humano
Authors: Borja Gallego Pérez De Sevilla Francisco de
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio, en primer lugar, de la figura teológico-política del katéchon en paralelo con la del Estado como garante de la paz, en la medida que ambos manejan una idea de barrera contra el mal. En segundo, analizar la construcción de un gran espacio universal estatalizado que opera miméticamente como una suerte de remedo artificial y secularizado del imperio cristiano ante la idea apocalíptica del fin de los tiempos.The purpose of this paper is the study, first of all, of the theological-political figure of the Kathechon in parallel with the State as guarantor of peace, as both handle an idea of a barrier against evil. Secondy, to analyze the construction of a great nationalized universal space that operates mimetically as a sort of artificial and secularized imitation of the Christian empire due to the apocalyptic idea of the end of time.
What is Religious Misconduct: A Typological Analysis of the Crimes Motivated by Polytheistic Religion, Using the Chinese Folk Religion as an Example
Authors: Huang Hua-Lun
Published: August 2019

In terms of political function, religion is usually defined by criminologists/sociologists as an institution of social control. While religion can assist state managers to maintain the status quo and to safeguard social order, religion, under certain circumstances, can become an antisocial force as well. In this paper, the criminogenic side of religions will be examined. By using the Chinese folk religion as an example, this paper will demonstrate that polytheistic religions can become unstable social organizations. Four topics will be addressed in this paper. First, the research paradigms that can help crime researchers examine the subject of religious misconduct will be summarized. Then the features shared by polytheistic religions will be proposed. The third part will look at the primary traits of Chinese folk religion. Finally, by using the Chinese folk religion as an instance, the diverse contexts under which polytheistic religions can breed deviant/criminal behaviors will be analyzed.
Fabrication and Characterization of PVA-Gelatin-Nano Crystalline Cellulose based Biodegradable Film: Effect of Gamma Radiation
Authors: Karmaker Nanda , Islam Farhana , Islam Md. Naimul , Razzak Md. , Koly Farjana A. , Chowdhury A.M. Sararuddin , Khan Ruhul A.
Published: August 2019

Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) films were prepared using solution casting. The Tensile Strength (TS), Tensile Modulus (TM) and Elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were found to be 23.58 MPa, 32 MPa and 302% respectively. Moisture content and water uptake analysis were also checked. Then, gelatin and nano crystalline cellulose (NCC) were incorporated into PVA film and again physchio-mechanical properties were measured. The TS, TM and Eb values of PVA/Gelatin-based films were 23.57 MPa, 114.58 MPa, 48.10% respectively. On the other hand, PVA/Gelatin/NCC-based films showed the TS, TM, and Eb values of 32.92 MPa, 129.8 MPa, 58.5% respectively. Thermal degradation test was accomplished by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Spectroscopic analysis was also done by Fourier Transfer Infra-Red (FTIR). The soil degradation test confirmed the inherent biodegradable nature of the films. The prepared bio-polymeric films were exposed to gamma radiation. It was found that at 6 kGy dose the mechanical properties of the films improved significantly.
Gestión y comunicación de la cultura corporativa en empresas de las industrias creativas. Estudio de caso en el Arco mediterráneo en España
Authors: Rodríguez Monteagudo Eliseo , Olivares Delgado Fernando
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo aborda el modo de gestionar y comunicar la cultura corporativa por parte de empresas de las industrias creativas presentes en el Arco Mediterráneo en España. Metodología:  Se emplea el estudio de quince casos de empresas de las industrias creativas del Arco Mediterráneo en España a través de entrevistas y/o cuestionarios con CEO’s, responsables de RR.HH. y/o Dircoms de dichas empresas. Hallazgos: Los datos tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos obtenidos permiten aportar una visión inédita, actual sobre la gestión y comunicación de la cultura corporativa por parte de las empresas analizadas. Limitaciones de la investigación: los datos y hallazgos hacen referencia a la muestra de estudio y, por lo tanto, no son generalizables a todas las industrias creativas. Aplicabilidad: El estudio reporta una aproximación a las industrias creativas y su gestión en la actual economía creativa. Originalidad: Ante el constante aumento de la importancia de las industrias creativas, este estudio genera datos y una visión práctica sobre la gestión de sus intangibles.
Consécration de pratiques collectives de gestion du risque d’avalanche
Authors: Jakob Fabien
Published: August 2019

Mettant en évidence des registres différents de représentations et activités, d’interactions et actions de prévention et d’intervention qui participent d’une réduction importante de la vulnérabilité des territoires, des populations et de certaines infrastructures collectives (électrique, télécommunication, transport, eau…), la maîtrise du risque d’avalanche en Suisse fait l’objet d’une forme de reconnaissance qu’il s’agit d’analyser ici sous l’angle de processus de coordination et de co-gestion mobilisant un ensemble d’expériences individuelles et collectives annonciatrices d’un possible tournant participatif.