bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museums: An institution for knowledge acquisition – A spotlight on the museum education in Ghana
Authors: Amoako – Ohene Kwasi , Pokua Arthur Nana Ama , Nortey Samuel
Published: October 2020

Museums, just like formal institutions of learning always have understood that conserving collections for study and exhibition can be an important part of the educational process. Since 1957, Ghana has established several museums under the Museums and Monument Board. These museums just like others are required to play a great deal of role in the social, educational, economic development of a nation. However, it is distressing to note that with the highly endowed museum assets of Ghana, such as the Cape Coast Castle Museum, Ghana National Museum, Fort Appolonia Museum of Nzema History and Culture, the Elmina Castle Museum, Ho Museum, Bolga Museum, Wa Museum, The Head of State Museum and Museum of Science and Technology both in Accra, there has been little contributions to Ghana’s Gross Domestic Product. Significantly, visitor experience and satisfaction is very low. In this view, this study sought to investigate educational activities of Ghana Museum and Monument Board (GMMB) and inquire into their educational activities. Employing qualitative approaches, the study used a triangulation of observations, interview and focus group discussion to assemble data from these museums. In conclusion, the museums provide some sort of education but there is no formalized educational framework serving as a guide. They mainly employ monotonous experience of guided and self-guided gallery tours, and occasionally, the museum curators and educators organize a oneoff programme such as an outreach to schools and special exhibitions as well as seminars. Recommendations to strengthening museum education in Ghana are addressed

Citation: Kwasi Amoako – Ohene, Nana Ama Pokua Arthur, and Samuel Nortey.Museums: An institution for knowledge acquisition – A spotlight on the museum education in Ghana, 2020 5 (2): 10－23. Received: March 3, 2020 Accepted: June 30, 2020
Combustión de carbón vegetal, enemigo latente del medio ambiente
Authors: Valencia Cuero Mary Lucero
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo emerge de una investigación, la cual se plantea como objetivo generar una estrategia medio ambiental que permita minimizar el impacto de la calidad del aire producida por la combustión del carbón vegetal en la población de Barrio Nueva Colombia del distrito de Buenaventura, desarrollada mediante un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando como técnica la etnografía y la encuesta con escala de Likert para la obtención de la información, la estrategia de análisis se efectúan mediante la tabulación representada en gráficos circulares y cuadro de triple entrada.

sus hallazgos develan que la obtención de carbón vegetal causa daños severos a la salud del ser humano médiate enfermedades respiratorias, también, genera la tala de árboles nativos, así mismo, desplazamiento de la flora, por consiguiente disminuye la calidad del aire, entre otros, de igual modo, es indispensable que los habitantes del barrio Nueva Colombia, realicen la obtención de carbón vegetal, de manera más amigable con el medio ambiente, contribuyendo a la conservación, protección y preservación de la fauna, flora, ecosistemas y seres humanos.
Enfoque étnico
Authors: Mera Lucumí Claudia Lorena
Published: October 2020

El presente documento concebido como un ejercicio reflexivo al respecto del concepto y/o significado del Enfoque Diferencial Étnico, puede ser considerado como una guía de acción útil para que las instituciones públicas, privadas y las organizaciones que trabajan temas relacionados con las comunidades Negras, Afrocolombianas, Raizales y Palenqueras, conozcan el enfoque diferencial y lo apliquen en sus diferentes planes, programas y proyectos.

Con esta publicación se pretende destacar la vitalidad de las culturas afrodescendientes en la nación, expertos de muchas partes del mundo han desarrollado apreciables estudios sobre los diversos aspectos materiales y culturales de las comunidades negras en Colombia, tales como la relación de las comunidades con el territorio, la naturaleza y las identidades étnicas, entre otros.

Así las cosas, con esta publicación, se pretende visibilizar la transversalidad e importancia del Enfoque Diferencial orientado hacia los diferentes grupos poblacionales como son los niños, niñas, adolescentes, jóvenes, mujeres, hombres, personas mayores, personas en situación de discapacidad y LGTBI (Lesbianas, Gays, Transexuales, Bisexuales e Intersexuales) pertenecientes a la población Negra, Afrocolombiana, Raizal y Palenquera (NARP).

Para ello, ha sido necesario retomar o considerar algunas reflexiones y documentos que dan cuenta de las situaciones de conflicto y vulneración de derechos a las cuales se ven expuestas las comunidades por razón del conflicto armado y la violencia que afectan significativamente los procesos de desarrollo sobre las mismas. Se espera que este documento sea de gran utilidad para todas las entidades que trabajan en beneficio de esta población.
Changing Trends of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella typhi 11 and paratyphi in Recent Isolates
Authors: Kamal A H M , Mollah K H , Akhier A , Khuda K , Islam A , Jahan K A
Published: October 2020

Due to lack of proper sanitation measures and clean water typhoid and paratyphoid fever is prevalent in developing counties like Bangladesh. Increasing number of cases of antibiotic resistance as well as multi-drug resistance have been reported in Indian sub-continent. A total of 120 patients selected for this study on the basis of clinical diagnosis. Among them salmonella typhi and paratyphi were isolated in 54 cases by blood culture. Among the isolates 100% sensitivity was present to third generation cephalosporines, gentamycine and carbapenems. Resistance to conventional antibiotics like chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole were decreasing which was encouraging. Multi-drug resistant salmonella strains were found in 11.11% cases. S. typhi and paratyphi isolates were highly sensitive to not commonly used antibiotics like gentamycine, ceftazidim and carbapenems. So a careful consideration should be taken before deciding the antibiotic for treatment of enteric fever patients in order to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Female Hypertensive Patients Towards Stroke
Authors: Ahmad S N , Alam Md. F , Kamal A H M , Saha S K , Rabin F , Yeamin A
Published: October 2020

Hypertension is a very common chronic disease world wide, and stroke is one of it's complications if not treated properly. In Bangladesh, women have traditionally tended to overlook their own disease states when a male member of the family is already afflicted. The cross sectional observational study was carried out to explore the knowledge, attitude and perception hypertensive females have towards stroke between July 2012 and December 2012 at HFRCMCH. Admitted and outdoor female hypertensive patients were randomly selected; with their consent they were asked to respond to a prestructured questionnaire. We found that 52% of our cohort identified the brain as being the organ involved in stroke; however 35% still believed it to be a disease of the heart. Around 80% of the patients did understand the complications and impact stroke would have on their daily lives; however, there were some conceptual misunderstandings with regards to the risk factors and warning signs. Hypertensive women need to have a clearer concept regarding their own disease, understand the warning signs and the risk factor of stroke and in turn create a greater awareness of the link between hypertension and stroke.
Non-Invasive Ventilation in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with Respiratory Failure: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Hoque S , Ahmed ASM N U
Published: October 2020

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has now become an integral tool within the treatment of both acute and chronic respiratory failure, and at an equivalent time reducing the necessity for invasive ventilation. A cross sectional, retrospective study based on a retrospective review of hospital medical records of patients who underwent NIV in the period between January 2017 and December 2019, to determinate the efficacy of NIV in pediatrics whom admitted to Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with respiratory failure (short term evaluation), demographic and clinical data were collected before and after applying the NIV. The data included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen concentration (P02) and CO2 concentration (PCO2). NIV was used for a total of 61 pediatric patients admitted to PICU during the period of the study. Pneumonia was the commonest indication for the NIV (n=25, 41.0%), and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used in 52(85.2%) patients. The mean duration of NIV was 817.2 days, there was a significant clinical improvement after one hour from application of NIV The mean improvement in RR was from 48.412.2 to 35.01I.5 (P=0.000), SPO2 was improved from 88.111.8 to 96.510.7 (P= 0.000), and the PCO2 was improved from 61.4±6.1 to 48.713 7 (P=0.002). Five patients were failing to respond to the NIV and shifted to mechanical ventilation. The NIV is a useful tool for treatment of respiratory failure in pediatrics, especially under the age of one year. Pneumonia was the commonest indication for the use of the NB!. More investigation is needed to fully evaluate the ramifications of increased use of this technology in the PICU.
Will the Increasing Number of University Graduates in China Affect Their Future Employment Rates?
Authors: Wang Sheng , Han Chunyan
Published: October 2020

The employment rates of university graduates is the core measurement revealing the employment situation, as well as supply and demand. It is also the important basis for making employment policies. The main factors concerning the employment rate of university graduates are the imbalance between supply and demand, islocation of labor force supply and industrial structure, dislocation of employment expectation and lagging employment guidance. Relevant measures need to be taken to solve problems in statistics of employment rates.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE SOROGAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KITAB KUNING DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-MUNAWWAROH KAB. KEPAHIANG PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Rodiah Rodiah
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada penerapan pembelajaran kitab kuning di pondok pesantren Al-Munawwaroh kepahiang. Pesantren ini merupakan pesantren yang secara kelembagaan berbentuk khalafi meskipun demikian pesantren ini tetap mempertahankan tradisi lama yaitu pembelajaran kitab kuning dengan metode sorogan bahkan metode sorogan menjadi sebuah kebijakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan pembelajaran kitab kuning, pelaksanaan, metode faktor pendukung dan penghambat, kelebihan dan kekurangan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning dengan metode sorogan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwaroh Kabupaten Kepahiang. Metode Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah pimpinan pondok, ustad/ustazah dan santri pengumpulan data dengan mengunakan teknik utama observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, kemudian teknik pengolahan data mengunakan keabsahan data reduksi data, display data, analisis data. Dan untuk untuk interpestasi data dengan menafsirkan dalam bentuk uraian. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa Implementasi metode sorogan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning ini dipondok pesantren Al-Munawwaroh ini dianggap metode yang paling utama atau yang paling menonjol dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning diantara metode lain di pondok pesantren Al-Munawwaroh. Ini karena metode sorogan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning ini dapat menanamkan sikap percaya diri, rasa tanggung jawab dan terjalin interaksi antara kyai, ustad/ustazah maupun santri dimana santri dapat diarahkan atau dibimbing dengan ustad/ustazah secara langsung jadi santri akan mudah untuk memahami isi dari kitab kuning tersebut. Walaupun ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning tentunya waktu yang begitu panjang dan membutukan kesabaran, ketekunan, dan kedisiplinan yang ekstra dengan metode sorogan namun bukanlah suatu halangan untuk tetap mempertahan tradisi lama supaya dapat mencapai suatu tujuan yaitu pembelajaran kitab kuning dengan metode sorogan.
PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF, KREATIF, EFEKTIF, DAN MENYENANGKAN (PAKEM) MELALUI PENERAPAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK PADA GURU KELAS SD NEGERI 1 JENGKOL SEMESTER 2 TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Ningsih Sulastriningsih
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu :1) Untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan (PAKEM) melalui supervisi akademik pada guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Jengkol pada Semester 2 tahun 2018/2019. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Jengkol ,Kecamatan Garung Kabupaten Wonosobo pada bulan Februari – Maret 2018. dengan subyek penelitian guru kelas I sampai kelas VI sebanyak 6 orang guru. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus setiap siklus 2 pertemuan.Tiap siklus merupakan langkah yang berulang dari 4 tahap yang meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan,observasi,dan tahap dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah teknik non tes sedang alat pengumpul data yang dilaksanakan adalah observasi dan evaluasi dengan sekala penilaian. Berdasarkan analisis hasil pengamatan dan penilaian yang dilakukan peneliti, menunjukan bahwa : supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran PAKEM guru, dimana didapat hasil perolehan dengan persentase Peningkatan nilai terendah 11,9 % dari 59 menjadi 67, Peningkatan nilai tertinggi 18,1% dari 68 menjadi 83, dan peningkatan rerata meningkat 9,7% dari 65 menjadi 72. pada siklus-1 , serta peningkatan nilai terendah 13% dari 67 menjadi 77 peningkatan nilai tertinggi 4,6% dari 83 menjadi 87 , dan peningkatan rerata meningkat 13,3 % dari 72 menjadi 83 pada siklus II, Hasil akhir pada penerapan supervisi akademik dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran aktif, kreatif, efektif, dan menyenangkan (PAKEM) pada guru SD Negeri 1 Jengkol Semester 2 tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Kesimpulan berdasarkan data empirik sesuai dengan pengajuan hipotesis berdasarkan kajian teoritis yaitu Melalui Supervisi Akademik dapat meningkatan Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif, dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) pada Guru SD Negeri 1 Jengkol Semester 2 tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS MELALUI SUPERVISI EDUKATIF KOLABORATIF SECARA PERIODIK DI SD NEGERI JOGOYITNAN KABUPATEN WONOSOBO 2019/2020
Authors: Chasanah Siti
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan guru kelas dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran SD Negeri Jogoyitnan Kecamatan Wonosobo Kabupaten Wonosobo setelah dilakukan tindakan supervisi/pembinaan. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Jogoyitnan Kecamatan Wonosobo Kabupaten Wonosobo. Jenis tindakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa tindakan nyata yaitu membimbing guru dalam melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran melalui supervisi edukatif kolaboratif. Penelitian dilakukan pada semester I, tepatnya pada bulan Juli – November 2019. Subjek penelitian tindakan sekolah ini adalah guru kelas di SD Negeri SD Negeri Jogoyitnan Kecamatan Wonosobo Kabupaten Wonosobo dengan jumlah 6 guru.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja guru meningkat setelah dilakukan tindakan yang berupa supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik dari siklus I ke siklus II. Peningkatan tersebut meliputi peningkatan dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai prestasi belajar, melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa Berdasarkan hasil supervisi edukatif siklus I dan siklus II kinerja guru meningkat, yakni siklus I Kinerja guru dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran siklus I mencapai 71,98 % sedangkan siklus II 92,44 %. Kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran siklus I mencapai 75,49 % sedangkan siklus II mencapai 93,81 %. Kinerja guru dalam menilai prestasi belajar siklus I mencapai 81,3 % sedangkan siklus II 90,56 %. Kinerja guru dalam melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai 54 % sedangkan siklus II 59,76 %. Dengan demikian tindakan siklus II rata-rata sudah di atas 83 %.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja guru meningkat dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai prestasi belajar, melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk itu, peneliti menyarankan agar supervisi edukatif di sekolah-sekolah melaksanakan supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik.
KONSEP EVALUASI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Rohman Taufiq
Published: October 2020

Evaluasi pendidikan Islam dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan penilaian terhadap tingkah laku peserta didik dari keseluruhan aspek mental-psikologis dan spiritual religius dalam pendidikan Islam, dalam hal ini tentunya yang menjadi tolak ukur adalah al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits. Dengan pelaksanaan evaluasi ini bukan hanya pendidik juga keseluruhan aspek/unsur pendidikan Islam.

Evaluasi dalam proses belajar mengajar merupakan komponen yang penting dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari keseluruhan proses. Kepentingan evaluasi tidak hanya mempunyai makna bagi proses belajar siswa, tetapi juga memberikan umpan balik terhadap program secara keseluruhan. Oleh karena itu, inti evaluasi adalah pengadaan informasi bagi pihak pengelola proses belajar mengajar untuk membuat keputusan.
PENERAPAN PROBLEM BASED INTRODUCTION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI SD NEGERI 187/IX TANJUNG HARAPAN PADA SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Fauziyah Titien
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perlu adanya peningkatan kompetensi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran saat proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi dan membahas tentang penerapan problem based introduction untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran di SD Negeri 187/IX Tanjung Harapan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan sekolah yang terdiri dari dua siklus dimana masing-masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi.

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 187/IX Tanjung Harapan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020 dengan subjek guru sebanyak 6 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan persentase dan reduksi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan problem based introduction dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran di SD Negeri 187/IX Tanjung Harapan pada semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang ditandai oleh peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II.
Manajemen Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Harapan Tuti Khairani
Published: October 2020

Pekanbaru City as a metropolitan city that continues to increase the population of the population, thus causing an increase in the amount of waste generated every day. This certainly requires the City Government of Pekanbaru especially Tampan district which has a very large area and a very large population in order to be able to manage the existing waste in this area. But in reality, this has not been done optimally. Sudjana (2004: 17) defines that management or management is the ability and special skills to do something good activities with others or through others in achieving organizational goals. This research aims to know and analyze the management of integrated waste processing, the inhibiting factor, and the integrated waste management in improving the right people economy in Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru City. The method of analysis used in this study is qualitative and quantitative. The result of this research is that integrated garbage management in improving people's economy in Kecamatan Tampan Pekanbaru has not been implemented maximally. This is due to factors of sources and types of waste, behavioral factors of society (social and cultural), institutional factors and facilities and infrastructure. So it is a very necessary application of integrated waste processing management in improving the society's economy in Tampan district of Pekanbaru city through the application of Community-based Processing.
Activity Participation and Sensory Processing Patterns of Preschool-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lin Ling-Yi
Published: October 2020

Importance: A dearth of information is available on the relationship between activity participation and sensory processing patterns in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Objective: To investigate differences in activity participation and sensory processing patterns between preschool-age children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Clinics, hospitals, early intervention centers, and preschools in Tainan, Taiwan.

Participants: Forty children with ASD and 40 TD children (ages 36–71 mo).

Outcomes and Measures: The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (2nd ed., Standard Version), Assessment of Preschool Children’s Participation, and Short Sensory Profile 2 (SSP–2).

Results: Compared with TD children, children with ASD had significantly lower scores on participation diversity in activities across areas of play, physical recreation, and social activities and higher scores in each of the four sensory quadrants. For children with ASD, participation in social activities was significantly negatively correlated with SSP–2 quadrant scores.

Conclusions and Relevance: These findings have implications for how preschool-age children with ASD typically engage in daily activities and suggest that some sensory processing patterns may be associated with participation in social activities.

What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy practitioners can facilitate activity participation for preschool-age children with ASD by using their strengths and the activities that they find interesting; practitioners should consider the role of sensory systems to promote activity participation in natural settings.
On the importance of atmospheric loss of organic nitrates by aqueous-phase ·OH-oxidation
Authors: González-Sánchez Juan Miguel , Brun Nicolas , Wu Junteng , Morin Julien , Temime-Rousell Brice , Ravier Sylvain , Mouchel-Vallon Camille , Clément Jean-Louis , Monod Anne
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Organic nitrates are secondary species in the atmosphere. Their fate is related to the chemical transport of pollutants from polluted areas to more distant zones. While their gas-phase chemistry has been studied, their reactivity in condensed phases is far from being understood. However, these compounds represent an important fraction of organic matter in condensed phases. In particular, their partition to the aqueous-phase may be especially important for oxidized organic nitrates for which water solubility increase with functionalization. This work has studied for the first time the aqueous-phase ·OH-oxidation kinetics of 5 alkyl nitrates (isopropyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, 1-pentyl nitrate, isopentyl nitrate and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate) and 3 functionalized organic nitrates (α-nitrooxyacetone, 1-nitrooxy-2-propanol and isosorbide 5-mononitrate) by developing a novel and accurate competition kinetic method. Low reactivity was confirmed, with kOH (at 296 ± 2 K) ranging from 8·107 to 2.5·109 L mol−1 s−1. Using these results, the previously developed aqueous-phase Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) was extended, and the resulting parameters confirmed the extreme deactivating effect of the nitrate group, up to two adjacent carbon atoms. The achieved extended SAR was then used to determine the ·OH-oxidation rate constants of 49 organic nitrates, including hydroxy nitrates, ketonitrates, aldehyde nitrates, nitrooxy carboxylic acids and more functionalized organic nitrates such as isoprene and terpene nitrates. Their multiphase atmospheric lifetimes towards ·OH-oxidation were calculated using these rate constants, and compared to their gas-phase lifetimes. Large differences were observed, especially for polyfunctional organic nitrates: for 50 % of the proposed organic nitrates for which ·OH-reaction occurs mainly in the aqueous-phase (more than 50 % of the overall removal) their ·OH-oxidation lifetimes increased by 20 % to 155 % under cloud/fog conditions (LWC = 0.35 g m−3). In particular, for 83 % of the proposed terpene nitrates, the reactivity towards ·OH occurred mostly (> 98 %) in the aqueous-phase while for 60 % of these terpene nitrates their lifetimes increased by 25 % to 140 % compared to their gas-phase reactivity. We demonstrate that these effects are of importance under cloud/fog conditions, but also under wet aerosol conditions, especially for the terpene nitrates. These results suggest that taking into account aqueous-phase ·OH-oxidation reactivity of biogenic nitrates is necessary to improve the predictions of their atmospheric fate.
Retrieval of Aerosol Fine-mode Fraction over China from Satellite Multiangle Polarized Observations: Validation and Application
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Zhengqiang , Liu Zhihong , Wang Yongqian , Qie Lili , Xie Yisong , Hou Weizhen , Leng Lu
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The aerosol fine-mode fraction (FMF) is an important optical parameter of aerosols, and the FMF is difficult to accurately retrieve by traditional satellite remote sensing methods. In this study, FMF retrieval was carried out based on the multiangle polarization data of Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from Lidar (PARASOL), which overcame the shortcomings of the FMF retrieval algorithm in our previous research. In this research, FMF retrieval was carried out in China and compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) ground-based observation results, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) FMF products, and Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) FMF results. In addition, application of the FMF retrieval algorithm was carried out, a new FMF dataset was produced, and the annual and quarterly average results of FMF from 2006 to 2013 were obtained in all of China. The research results show that the FMF retrieval results of this study are comparable with the AERONET ground-based observation results in China, with correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and the proportion of results that fall with the expected error (Within EE) are 0.770, 0.143, 0.170, and 60.96 %, respectively. Compared with the MODIS FMF products, the FMF results of this study are closer to the AERONET ground-based observations. Compared with the FMF results of GRASP, the FMF results of this study are closer to the spatial variation in the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 near the ground. The analysis of the annual and seasonal average FMF of China from 2006 to 2013 shows that the FMF high value area in China is mainly maintained in the area east of the Hu Line, with the highest FMF year being 2013, and the highest FMF season is winter.
Resampling and ensemble techniques for improving ANN-based high streamflow forecast accuracy
Authors: Snieder Everett , Abogadil Karen , Khan Usman T.
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Data-driven flow forecasting models, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), are increasingly used for operational flood warning systems. However, flow distributions are highly imbalanced, resulting in poor prediction accuracy on high flows, both in terms of amplitude and timing error. Resampling and ensemble techniques have shown to improve model performance of imbalanced datasets such as streamflow. In this research, we systematically evaluate and compare three resampling: random undersampling (RUS), random oversampling (ROS), and SMOTER; and four ensemble techniques: randomised weights and biases, bagging, adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), least squares boosting (LSBoost); on their ability to improve high flow prediction accuracy using ANNs. The methods are implemented both independently and in combined, hybrid techniques. While some of these combinations have been explored in the broader machine learning literature, this research contains many of the first instances of these algorithms to address the imbalance problem inherent in flood and high flow forecasting models. Specifically, the implementation of ROS, and new approaches for SMOTER, LSBOOST, and SMOTER-AdaBoost are presented in this research. Data from two Canadian watersheds (the Bow River in Alberta, and the Don River in Ontario), representing distinct hydrological systems, are used as the basis for the comparison of the methods. The models are evaluated on overall performance and on high flows. The results of this research indicate that resampling produces marginal improvements to high flow prediction accuracy, whereas ensemble methods produce more substantial improvements, with or without a resampling method. Compared to simple ANN flow forecast models, the use of ensemble methods is recommended to reduce the amplitude and timing error in highly imbalanced flow datasets.
Map symbol design: Presenting abstract topics with advanced symbology
Authors: Vondráková Alena
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Map symbols design can be one of the most complex parts of creating a thematic map. This happens when you do not use the basic or pre-defined map symbols, but new symbols are created. And mainly when those symbols include more partial information about presented phenomena and at the same time correspond and respect principles of cartographic semiology.The principles of cartographic semiology are important since they have a large impact on user perception and cognition. Simply, it affects how map symbols work. Therefore, cartographers work very hard creating certain symbols trying do make the process of information transfer from the map to the user most effective.The basic principle is, that map symbols are easy to understand by the users when they make a connection between the graphic design on the map and the particular feature of the real world. And it is relatively easy to design symbols for phenomena that we see and that have clear characteristics, such as a river (blue line), a water area (blue area), a parking lot (grey area) or a museum (building symbol). It is much harder to design a meaningful map symbology for something abstract what we do not see. And this is exactly what this paper deals with. The map symbols design is presented on the example of case studies: the creation of a dialectological language atlas and the creation of tactile maps.The research focusing design approaches to the effective creation of map symbols, that works. There are some principles to follow to make them more intuitive to the users. And there are few principles, that have to be followed because it is a cartographic rule. The primary way in which symbols are changed is through their size, shape, texture, and pattern. However, detailed semiology deals with various forms of prefixes, subfixes, the internal structure of graphic elements, and other properties that can be summarized as advanced geovisualization.The presented outputs are part of the implementation of two different projects. The first project is the presentation of a very abstract topic (dialectology) for ordinary users, the second project is the presentation of a specific topic to people with severe visual impairments. And it is in their comparison that the beauty and complexity of cartography can be seen.
Creativity, Madness, and “the light that dances deep in Pontchartrain”: Glimpses of “The Passenger” from Cormac McCarthy's 1980 Correspondence
Authors: Luce Dianne C.
Published: October 2020

Letters Cormac McCarthy wrote in 1980 to Robert Coles, Deaderick Montague, and John Fergus Ryan reveal that he was working on “The Passenger” at least by that year, when he expected it to be published after Blood Meridian (1985). The project was partly inspired by an unpublished poem by Louis Diehl about New Orleans jazz clarinetist Leon Roppolo, who is said to have thrown his clarinet into Lake Pontchartrain in an act of artistic suicide. The novel was not to focus on Roppolo, but its origin in the poem McCarthy quotes suggests that the tragic theme of creative potential spoiled or unfulfilled was central to it, and that originally the domain of creativity may have been artistic rather than scientific. Biographical influences that may also inform McCarthy's early thinking about the novel include his familiarity with three men he met in Ibiza in the late 1960s, art forger Elmyr de Hory and writers Clifford Irving and Leslie Garrett, all of whom followed paths that undermined their artistic potential.
“No gray middle folk did he see”: Constructions of Race inSuttree
Authors: Labarga Noemí Fernández
Published: October 2020

Criticism of race in Suttree has focused on its intersection with class and on its lack of historical context; however, it overlooks the machinations of race at the symbolic and narrative levels. My article argues that the recurrent use of racial language in the text merits a symbolic examination of race. By using Toni Morrison's Africanist perspective to examine blackness and Richard Dyer's theoretical approach to analyze whiteness, I question the intentionality and purpose of racial representations in the text. Drawing also from Luce, Watson, McCoy, and Prather, my article will demonstrate how narrative techniques such as metonymic displacement, metaphysical condensation, fetishization, and repetition make not only blackness, but also whiteness strange. Ultimately, I argue McCarthy's racial caricatures undermine the black and white binary and deconstruct the ontological basis of race in American literature.
A Ideia de uma Ciência da Alma: Christian Wolff e o Surgimento da Psicologia Científica na Alemanha
Authors: Araujo Saulo De Freitas
Published: October 2020

Apesar do crescente interesse despertado pela figura de Christian Wolff nas últimas décadas, a compreensão de seu pensamento ainda enfrenta obstáculos e desafios. De um lado, na história da filosofia, não é raro encontrarmos um Wolff compreendido a partir de Kant. De outro, na história da psicologia, pode-se falar de uma estranha negligência do papel exercido por Wolff no desenvolvimento de uma ciência psicológica autônoma, especialmente na tradição alemã, que vai culminar na separação radical entre filosofia e psicologia a partir do século XX. O objetivo deste artigo é situar historicamente o projeto wolffiano de uma ciência da alma, mostrando não só o seu sentido específico, mas também suas principais contribuições e algumas de suas consequências para o posterior desenvolvimento da psicologia alemã nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Finalmente, vamos indicar alguns desafios e possíveis caminhos para investigações futuras.
Sobre a geografia do Eu
Authors: Sabino José Feres
Published: October 2020

A leitura de um ensaio de Elias Canetti sobre Tolstói me suscitou a seguinte imagem: a alma humana é como o leito de um rio em que as pedras definem seu curso singular. Esta imagem serve como chave de leitura da trajetória do personagem Anton, no romance Anton Reiser. O texto procura identificar essas marcas, salientado que a exclusão tem papel fundamental na formação de sua personalidade.
A "física experimental da alma" na Popularphilosophie: a analogia entre física newtoniana e psicologia wolffiana
Authors: Spezzapria Mario
Published: October 2020

Christian Wolff (1679-1754) foi o primeiro filosofo que separou a doutrina da alma em duas partes: a "psychologia empirica" e a "psychologia rationalis". Ele deu certa ênfase sobretudo à primeira parte, mais nova e original, que tratava daqueles conhecimentos das faculdades da alma, derivados da observação dos dados da experiência, ao passo que a segunda parte tratava das reflexões (derivadas de uma longa tradição metafísica) sobre a essência e a imortalidade da alma. Em certa medida, a psicologia empírica propunha de proceder segundo um método análogo àquele da física newtoniana e da astronomia kepleriana, baseado num círculo virtuoso entre fatos observados e reflexões teóricas. A importância desta concepção de "experiência" estaria na origem do rápido abandono, nas traduções alemães e franceses (a "psychologia empirica" foi originariamente publicada em latim), do adjetivo "empírico" – embora ele existisse em francês e alemão – para Erfahrungspsychologie, Experimental-Seelenlehre e Psychologie expérimentale. Astronomia e física newtoniana fascinavam pela capacidade heurística de produzir novos conhecimentos. Então se tratava de deslocar este método da natureza física para o conhecimento do homem. Assim, na segunda metade do século dezoito, assiste-se na Alemanha aos desenvolvimentos de uma "física da alma" (Physik der Seele), como foi definida por Sulzer e Herder. Autores como Johann Krüger, Karl Moritz, Ernst Platner, Marcus Hertz trabalham em projetos de aprofundamento desta pesquisa sobre os "fatos" da alma, dando a estas reflexões psicológicas a consistência de uma antropologia.
PHYSICAL SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN DIFFERENT EUCALYPTUS CROP MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN WESTERN MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL
Authors: Florentim Elyson Thiago De Souza , Correa Helen Caroline Rodrigues , Martins Paloma Emanuela Braga , Silva Fulvianny Cristina da , Zeviani Walmes Marques , Serafim Milson Evaldo
Published: October 2020

Physical soil attributes in different eucalyptus crop management systems in western Mato Grosso, Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of four soil management systems on the physical attributes of an Oxisol for Eucalyptus crops in western Mato Grosso, Brazil. The management systems are differentiated by the soil preparation form during the implantation and initial forest establishment phases, namely a conventional system (plowing, harrowing and subsoiling for preparation and harrows for weed control after planting ) and a conservationist system (pasture desiccation, subsoiling, herbicide weed control and cover crop), with added differences in the eucalyptus fertilizer supply manner (haul and furrow). Nine soil layers were sampled continuously for each management system in between the sowing lines using 100 cm³ volumetric rings (0.05 m in diameter and height), totaling a studied layer of 0.45 m. The following variables were evaluated: total pore volume, microporosity, macroporosity, density and soil resistance to penetration. The different managements did not lead to significant differences for the studied attributes two years after forest establishment, with only a small depth effect observed. The attribute values are within the appropriate limits for eucalyptus crop development, indicating good soil quality under the eucalyptus forest for the study conditions.Keywords: Cover crop, Eucalyptus, soil management, soil penetration resistance.
EFFECT OF AGE ON HEARTWOOD / SAPWOOD RELATIONSHIP, EXTRACTIVE CONTENTE, AND PERMEABILITY OF TEAK WOOD
Authors: Canal Wagner Davel , Macedo Ladeira Carvalho Ana Márcia , Oliveira Carneiro Angélica De Cássia , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , De Freitas Fabiana Paiva , De Magalhes Mateus Alves
Published: October 2020

Due to the physiological differences in the juvenile and adult phases of teak wood, differentiation occurs in the impregnation by extractive materials along the heartwood regions, assuming that there is also a significant variation in the permeability of this material. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the influence of age on the heartwood / sapwood ratio (H/S), permeability, and extractives content of Tectona grandis L.f wood. Four ages (10, 12, 14, and 16 years) and four trees (repetitions) were evaluated, totaling 16 samples. The H/S ratio, extractive content, and wood permeability were determined, in addition to the average and maximum permeability among all ages selected for calculation of their porosity. The H/S ratio increased over the ages of 10 and 16, and the content of extractive materials increased until the age of 14. There was a high heterogeneity between the permeability values of the wood at all ages analyzed, and one of the possible explanations for this fact is the presence of tyloses in different places on the trunk and the arrangement of the pores around the growth rings.
GROWTH AND ENERGY QUALITY OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD IN DIFFERENT CROP-LIVESTOCK-FOREST SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS
Authors: Tonini Helio , Morales Marina Moura , Wruck Flavio Jesus , Deliberali Ronaldo Maran
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present study was to assess the growth and energetic properties of genetic material of eucalyptus grown in several integrated crop-livestock system spatial arrangements in Barra-do-Garças City (MT). The genetic material of 76-month old Eucalyptus spp from eight spatial arrangements were assessed according to the following properties: diameter, height and volume growth, mortality rate, dry matter yield, sapwood to heartwood ratio, form factor, bark volume, basic density, superior calorific value, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and trunk energy. Data analysis was performed by adjusting growth function, test for model identity and parameters equality and ANOVA tests to Scott-Knott’s mean clustering test. Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones from recorded the highest energy efficiency due to their high yield volume, which was decisive to determine estimated energy available per tree and cropland area. Growth, stem shape and basic density varied among, and within, the same genetic materials, depending on their respective spatial arrangement. However, solid biomass properties (high calorific value, ash content, fixed carbon and volatile matter) remained stable.
IMPACTS ON VEGETATION AFTER SELECTIVE CUTTING IN FOREST CONCESSION AREA IN THE SOUTHWESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Authors: Felberg Jacobsen Raquel Helena , Volpato Sccoti Marta Silvana , Fagundes Suelen Thaina Silva , Brito Junior João Fideles de , Biazatti Scheila Cristina
Published: October 2020

The forest monitoring after exploration activities is an important tool for forest management, helping to plan the use of forest resources. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts on tree vegetation after one year of the end of forest harvesting in concession area in the Jamari National Forest, RO. The vegetation was evaluated before and after the exploitation in an Annual Production Unit (APU) with cutting rate of 14.14 m³ ha-1. In total, seven permanent plots of 0.5 ha were divided and randomly distributed, where all individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were evaluated. Impact evaluation was based on two criteria, the diversity and structure of vegetation (phytosociological, parametric, diametric, and internal). There was a reduction of 2% in plant density and loss of two species. The volumetric supply decreased in the classes above 80 cm of DBH and the diametric structure maintained the largest supply of plants in the lower classes. The exploration activities collaborated in 3.57% to increase the mortality rate, besides causing slight and severe damages in 15 ind.ha-1. The quality of the stem was predominantly straight (82.36%). The damage observed is within the expected limits for areas with low cut rates and subjected to reduced impact exploration techniques. We suggest the continuous monitoring in the medium- and long- term in order to describe the patterns of regeneration and growth of species, mainly logging, projecting the future supply of cutting.Keywords: Management in natural forests; Forest dynamics; Forest concession.
HARVESTING AND PROCESSING OF NATIVE WOOD FROM UPLAND TROPICAL FORESTS IN AMAPÁ, EASTERN AMAZONIA
Authors: FIGUEIRA CLAUDECILIA CHAVES DE OLIVEIRA , GUEDES MARCELINO CARNEIRO , EULER ANA MARGARIDA CASTRO
Published: October 2020

Knowledge about the activity of the timber sector and local industries assists in the management of a forest economy based on sustainable use in the Amazon. In this study, the situation of the timber sector of the municipality of Porto Grande-AP was examined to detail the extraction and processing of native wood from the Amazon and the sustainable use of this resource by the local sector. Forms were applied in all sawmills of the municipality, which collected information on factors of production and commercialization of native wood for the year 2017. In addition, interviews with local merchants were done and secondary data collection from several institutions related to the sector was conducted. All sawmills in the municipality exercise licensed activity and processed 69,300 m3 of wood in the period, with an average extraction of 21 m3/ha. The sawmills productive income was 55%, above of the 35%, maximum recently established by CONAMA. There is no destination for productive of residual waste generated by most sawmills and lumber is marketed mainly to the Northeast of Brazil for use in civil construction. Thus, in order to guarantee  better economic and environmental performance of the sector, it is recommended that sawmills search for new forest areas as sources of raw material, participate in forest certification programs, and seek ways to use residual waste for bioenergy generation. The government recommends that new forests be managed through actions that solve land tenure problems and increase the supply of public forests, and for certified management units the recommendation is to reduce licensing costs, and simplify the bureaucratic processes of environmental agencies.
Optimal Tax Behaviour and Corporate Survival: The Nigeria Experience
Authors: Madugba Joseph U. , Ben-Caleb Egbide , Agburuga Uche Tony , Obadiaru David, E. , Ani Wilson U. , Ben-caleb Jane O.
Published: October 2020

Every entity operates with the entity concept, which endues management to strategize for survival. This study examined optimal tax behaviour and corporate survival with a focus in Nigeria. Ex-post-facto was adopted and data computed from annual accounts of 52 out of 198 quoted companies were used. Descriptive Statistics, test of normality, outliers, and multi-collinearity tests were carried out to establish the normality of the data. Both fixed and random effects of the generalized least square multiple regressions were conducted and the outcome of the test showed that ETR is a positive but insignificant determinant of EPS while EATS were found to be a positive and significant determinants of EPS of companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that quoted companies are yet to effectively and efficiently explore loopholes in tax laws. The study recommended that companies in Nigeria should urgently explore these loopholes and improve their performance and experts with professional skills should be engaged as not infringe tax laws.
Public Policy of Green Practices by Restaurants and Hotels: Case of Ecotourism in Ranong Province, Thailand
Authors: Mekhum Witthaya , Songchan Nutsinee , Pensap Sunisa
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to highlight the public policy of green practices for hotels and restaurants in Ranong city of Thailand. Along with the public policy of green practices, this study also discussed the green product promotion and green innovation. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Total 420 valid responses were used for data analysis. Results of the study shows the public policy green practices such as environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive effect on environmental safety. These practices increase the environmental safety in Ranong city of Thailand. Moreover, environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive role to enhance green product promotion and green innovation. Increase in the green practices increases the green product promotion and green innovation. Finally, green product promotion and green innovation shows positive influence to enhance environmental safety.