bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS DEMANDAS PARA ATENDIMENTO DAS ATIVIDADES ACADÊMICAS
Authors: De Freitas Tairone Honório , Toledo Dyomar , Inocêncio Ana Carolina Gondim , Ribeiro Sandra Aparecida Benite
Published: October 2018

A Regional Jataí - UFG criada no ano de 1980, com apenas três cursos, vivenciou um crescimento acentuado com o Projeto de Expansão das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior e do Programa de Apoio aos Planos de Reestruturação e Expansão das Universidades Federais (REUNI). Durante o estudo, realizado em 2016, a Regional Jataí - UFG possuía 25 cursos de graduação e, para atender a demanda destas atividades acadêmicas, contava com três centrais de salas de aula, totalizando 51 salas. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi de contrastar a demanda de atividades acadêmicas da graduação e o espaço físico existente para averiguar a eficiência no atendimento destas atividades. Foi possível concluir que existe uma carência de salas de aula para atender as demandas acadêmicas, sendo necessário algumas ações que vão desde a conscientização da comunidade acadêmica com relação a reservas temporárias, ao invés de semestrais, até a construção de salas de aula que possam atender 100 alunos, que é uma demanda de cursos de maior concorrência.
The abundance inference of pluralised mass nouns is an implicature: Evidence from Greek
Authors: Renans Agata , Romoli Jacopo , Makri Maria Margarita , Tieu Lyn , de Vries Hanna , Folli Raffaella , Tsoulas George
Published: October 2018

Across languages, plural marking on count nouns typically gives rise to a multiplicity inference, indicating that the noun ranges over sums with a cardinality of 2 or more. Plural marking has also been observed to occur on mass nouns in Greek and a few other languages, giving rise to a parallel abundance inference, indicating that there is a lot of the relevant substance. It has been observed in the literature that both of these inferences disappear in downward-entailing environments, such as when a plural appears in the scope of negation (Tsoulas 2009; Kane et al. 2015). There are two main competing approaches in the literature that aim to account for the described pattern with respect to multiplicity inferences: the ambiguity approach (Farkas & de Swart 2010) and the implicature approach (Sauerland 2003; Spector 2007; Mayr 2015, among others). As discussed in Tieu et al. (2018), while both approaches can account for the upward- versus downward-entailing pattern of multiplicity inferences, they differ in what they predict with respect to the acquisition of these inferences and their relationship with implicatures. Tieu et al. (2014; 2018) investigated multiplicity inferences in English and reported evidence for the implicature approach. In this paper, we first show how the ambiguity approach and the implicature approach to the multiplicity inference can be extended to account for the abundance inference. We then report on an experiment that tests the predictions of the two approaches for multiplicity and abundance inferences in preschool-aged children and adult native speakers of Greek. Our results replicate the patterns reported in Tieu et al. (2014; 2018) for multiplicity inferences, and crucially reveal an analogous pattern for abundance inferences. Adults computed both kinds of inferences more in upward-entailing environments than in downward-entailing ones, and children computed fewer inferences overall than adults did. These results reflect an overall pattern of implicature calculation in line with a unified implicature analysis across the three kinds of inferences. By contrast, we discuss how they pose a challenge for the ambiguity approach.
ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW IN DUCTS WITH CIRCULAR SAW GITT FORMULATION IN PRIMITIVE VARIABLES
Authors: Andrade J. H. , Santos C. A. C. , Cavalcante A. W. A. , Rocha M. A.
Published: October 2018

In this paper the Generalized Integral Transform Technique is employed to produce hybrid solutions for the velocity and pressure fields of a newtonian fluid in two dimensional flow. The problem is formulated by using primitive variables and the necessary mathematical manipulations were used to obtain the Poisson equation for the pressure field. The momentum equations in the axial direction of flow and Poisson are transformed to remove the transversal dependency. The resulting transformed fields are solved with the IMSL numerical subroutine, DBVPFD. The obtained results for the longitudinal velocity profile at the center of the channel are compared with the available data in the open literature for validation and model fitting. Even so, studies are carried out about the convergence of the solution for the velocity profile in the centerline as well as testing different values of the scale factor of axial coordinate for the choice of a factor which can fit perfectly for comparison with available data. Interest practical datas such as: friction factor and mean velocity are obtained along the duct for a entry condition into the parallel flow channel (v = 0).
THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES ON THE PRODUCTION OF OIL FIELDS STIMULATED BY WATERFLOODING
Authors: Martini R. F. , A. Cavalcante Filho J. S. , Schiozer D. J.
Published: October 2018

Quality map is an important tool which can assist in the definition andrefinement of production strategies, since it indicates the production potentialof each place of the reservoir, combining several parameters that influence oilrecovery efficiency. This work has used numerical simulation to analyse theperformance of different production strategies used in waterflood projects foran offshore reservoir; these strategies included peripheral injection/centralproduction, a 5-spot injection/production scheme and a strategy defined withthe assistance of a quality map; after the initial process of strategy definition,all schemes were optimised. The refinement procedure was assisted by anexpert system, which proposes well modifications based on the analysis ofeconomic and technical parameters and stores the analysed parameters in adatabank. The results show that the use of the quality map improved to agreat extent the processes of strategy definition and refinement, yielding better results and requiring fewer simulation runs. The application of qualitymaps to petroleum reservoirs is still quite recent, with very few workspublished; however, they present great potential for the E&P industry, aspresented here.
THREE METHODS TO EVALUATE THE USE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING FOR HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT
Authors: Camargo J. R. , Ebinuma C. D. , Cardoso S.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents three methods that can be used as reference for efficientuse of evaporative cooling systems, applying it, latter, to several Braziliancities, characterized by different climates. Initially it presents the basicprinciples of direct and indirect evaporative cooling and defines theeffectiveness of the systems. Afterwards, it presents three methods thatallows to determinate where the systems are more efficient. It concludesthat evaporative cooling systems have a very large potential to propitiatethermal comfort and can still be used as an alternative to conventionalsystems in regions where the design wet bulb temperature is under 24ºC.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DC ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMPS WITH BEMC-1 CODE
Authors: Braz Filho F. A. , Guimarães L. N. F. , Borges E. M.
Published: October 2018

Electromagnetic pumps are used to control liquid metal fluid flow in cooling loops. The principle of operation of an electromagnetic pump is based on Lorentz’s force. This is obtained by interaction of the magnetic field and the electrical current, imposed and adjusted by independent external electric power sources. In this work are presented the continuous current electromagnetic pumps, their basic equations and the BEMC-1 code, developed for design and performance evaluation of a DC electromagnetic pump. The main objective of this paper is a parametric study for magnetic induction, static pressure, fluid flow and performance evaluation of the pump. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental data to get adjust factors to be used in the BEMC-1 code. In this way the BEMC-1 code can be validated and used in the evaluations and projects of DC electromagnetic pumps.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXERGY ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
Authors: Mora C. B. H. , De Oliveira Jr S.
Published: October 2018

This work evaluates the environmental impact of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) based on data generated by the exergy analysis, calculating and applying environmental impact indexes for two WTP located in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. The environmental impact of the waste water treatment plants was done by means of evaluating two environmental impact exergy based indexes: the environmental exergy efficiency (ηenv,exerg) and the total pollution rate (Rpol,t). The environmental exergy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the exergy of the useful effect of the WTP to the total exergy consumed by human and natural resources, including all the exergy inputs. That relation is an indication of the theoretical potential of future improvements of the process. Besides the environmental exergy efficiency, it is also used the total pollution rate, based on the definition done by Makarytchev (1997), as the ratio of the destroyed exergy associated to the process wastes to the exergy of the useful effect of the process. The analysis of the results shows that this method can be used to quantify and also optimise the environmental performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants.
3-D TRANSIENT SIMULATION OF A FLAT CAPPILARY HEAT PIPE VIA AN INTERFACE TRACKING METHOD
Authors: Machado H. A.
Published: October 2018

In capillary and micro heat pipes the internal porous media is replaced by acapillary groove, yielding a meniscus formed by the liquid phase. The meniscus height varies along the groove length, from the condenser section to the evaporator section, and the difference between the pressures in each extremity is responsible for pumping the liquid. Such devices have been employed in electronic cooling, due its small dimensions. This system provides excellent thermal control, assuring uniform temperature distribution. In previous works related to capillary heat pipe simulation, empirical or simple 1-D models have been used, but not taking into account the complete unsteady phenomena. In this work, the 3-D unsteady simulation of a flat micro heat pipe is presented, where the meniscus radius is considered constant along the transversal section. The phase change problem of a heated liquid meniscus in a groove is simulated via an interface tracking method, which is an hybrid Lagrangean-Eulerian method for moving boundary problems. A variation of the one-dimensional Stephan problem is used to validate the numerical code.
HYPERBOLIC DESCRIPTION OF CONTAMINATED FLOW THROUGH AN UNSATURATED WELLBORE
Authors: Martins-Costa M. L. , Saldanha da Gama R. M. , Carneiro de Araujo J. H.
Published: October 2018

This work studies the flow of a mixture of two fluids – a Newtonian fluid and a pollutant – through a rigid cylindrical shell porous matrix. Aiming to build a preliminary local model for the flow of a Newtonian fluid containing a pollutant through a wellbore, a mixture theory approach is employed. The mixture consists of four overlapping continuous constituents: one solid (porous medium), one liquid (Newtonian fluid), the pollutant (solid, liquid or gas) and an inert gas included to account for the compressibility of the mixture as a whole. Assuming the flow on radial direction only, a set of three nonlinear partial differential equations describes the problem. Combining Glimm’s scheme with an operator splitting technique to account for the non-homogeneous part of the hyperbolic operator, the resulting nonlinear hyperbolic system is numerically approximated. Representative results illustrating the numerical methodology are presented.
CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF CAVITIES INTO A SOLID CONDUCTING WALL
Authors: Rocha L. A. O. , Montanari G. C. , Dos Santos E. D. , Rocha A. Da S.
Published: October 2018

This paper relies on the Constructal Design to optimize the geometry of a cavity that penetrates into a solid conducting wall. The objective is to minimize the global thermal resistance between the solid and the cavity.  There is uniform heat generation on the solid wall. We studied three shapes of the cavity: rectangular, triangular, and elliptical. The total volume and the cavity volume are fixed with variable aspect ratios. The cavity shape is optimal when it penetrates the conducting wall completely. The rectangular cavity performs better than the elliptical and triangular ones. On the other side, the elliptical cavity has better performance than the triangular one.  We also optimized a first construct, i.e., a cavity shaped as T. The performance of the T-shaped cavity is superior to that of the rectangular cavity optimized in the first part of the paper.
MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF INVERTED INTERMITTENT GAS LIFT
Authors: Bordalo S. N. , Carvalho Filho C. O.
Published: October 2018

The Intermittent Gas Lift (IGL) is an artificial lift method for petroleum production suitable for producing wells from depleted or low productivity reservoirs. In order to enhance the well production, many variants of the conventional IGL have been developed and used worldwide. One of these variants, the Inverted IGL (IGL-I), consists of removing the gas lift valve and reversing the flow paths inside the well: gas is injected through the tubing whereas liquid is lifted through the casing annulus. The oil production is believed to increase with the IGL-I due to the larger annulus storage capacity, at the expense of higher injected gas volumes. Despite of its potential for practical applications, the IGL-I has not been covered by the literature. Aiming to surmount such  gap in the literature, this paper presents a model for the dynamical behavior of the IGL-I wells. The complexity emerged from the IGL-I cyclic operation is assessed through a simultaneous and coupled simulation scheme, comprising a variable set of non-linear algebraic equations and non-linear time-differential equations for the flow of oil and gas throughout the injection, transfer, elevation, production, decompression and loading stages of each cycle. The simulator provides the engineer with a valuable tool to investigate the well behavior of several IGL cycles. Based on the observed results, the designer may propose practical recommendations regarding the IGL-I design and operation.
COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION FOR INTEGRAL TRANSFORM ALGORITHMS APPLIED TO THE LID-DRIVEN CAVITY FLOW PROBLEM
Authors: Guigon J. M. B. S. , Pérez Guerrero J. S. , Cotta R. M.
Published: October 2018

An analysis is presented of the computational optimization for integral transform algorithms using the streamfunction only formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations, as applied to the steady incompressible laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in two-dimensional formulation. The classical lid-driven rectangular cavity flow problem is considered in order to revise the conventional development of the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). The GITT is applied transforming the partial differential equation into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations, which is numerically solved by a general algorithm for boundary value problems, using a subroutine from the IMSL library with automatic error control. The conventional algorithm written in FORTRAN language is modified and tested seeking its optimization. A few different strategies of applying the technique are considered to achieve improved computational performance and allowing the inspection of convergence rates in the eigenfunction expansion of the original potentials for high Reynolds numbers. These different algorithm alternatives are analyzed and the relative merits are discussed. Results for different values of the Reynolds number and cavity aspect ratios are presented in tabular and graphical forms and fully converged results are critically compared against previously published findings.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A HYBRID DRYER
Authors: Ferreira A. G. , Charbel A. L. T. , Pires R. L. , Silva J. G. , Maia C. B.
Published: October 2018

Artificial dryers promote a high-quality food drying, in spite of the considerable energy consumption. Solar dryers use only solar energy to heat the drying airflow; nevertheless, it is not possible to control the airflow thermal conditions. Hybrid solar dryers arise as an interesting option to reduce the drying costs (compared to the artificial dryer’s costs). Hybrid solar dryers improve the quality of the final product due to the control of the thermal drying condition. This paper presents an experimental analysis of an innovative hybrid solar-electrical dryer. This dryer consists of two chambers: solar chamber and drying chamber with electrical air heater. An experimental evaluation of the airflow in the device was performed and the average values of the temperature and the mass flow were presented as a function of the ambient conditions. To determine the performance of the proposed dryer, banana slices were dried in the device and the results were compared with natural sun drying and artificial drying.
THE ADVANTAGES OF EVAPORATION IN MICRO-SCALE CHANNELS TO COOL MICROELETRONIC DEVICES
Authors: Ribatski G. , Cabezas-Gómez L. , Navarro H. A. , Saíz-Jabardo J. M.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the importance of the development of new high power density thermal management systems for electronic devices is assessed. It is described the new heat sink technologies under development to be used in the cooling of microprocessors. The main difficulties to be overcome before the spreading of one specific heat sink configuration are identified. At the end, it is concluded that a heat sink based on flow boiling in micro-scale channels is the most promising approach.
A METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING FIELD PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF A GAS MICROTURBINE BASED COGENERATION SYSTEM
Authors: Orlando A. F. , Huamani M. M. , Araujo J. V.
Published: October 2018

Due to its high economic impact, when a new technology is handed over from manufacturer to customer, the contractually fixed guarantees and specifications have to be proven. Besides guarantees concerning environmental tasks, such as flue gas emissions, the availability and performance data of the new technology are the key issue. Field performance usually lacks very accurate measuring equipments and stable measurement conditions, as in many manufacturer testing laboratories. In this work a methodology was developed to evaluate performance and emissions under field conditions, together with a critical analysis of the resulting uncertainty of the main parameters, which are representative of the system performance, which was also detailed. In order to overcome field measurement difficulties, a methodology was used to measure combustion air flow rate from emission and gas flow rate measurements. The evaluation procedure was demonstrated by testing a microturbine based cogeneration system, which comprises a microturbine, a heat recovery system, and a steel storage hot water tank, providing electrical energy to Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro grid and thermal energy for heating domestic water in cogeneration to its gymnasium showers. Data were acquired at carefully chosen stable test periods in which the gas microturbine was setup to produce electrical energy at nominal power outputs of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of maximum load. In addition, this paper presents an economical analysis for the system, which operates during peak hours (17:30 to 20:30) from Monday to Friday.
SOLAR DISTILLER IN A PYRAMIDAL COVERING AND ISOLATION WITH COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Authors: Cöuras Ford E. T. L. , Ribeiro F. A. , Lima R. V. , Souza E. M.
Published: October 2018

To demonstrate the thermal calorific and economic viability of the material, compared to the others conventional distiller, here is presented a solar distiller of simple stage, witch has as main differential characteristics the geometry of the covering and the material used to make its coating. The model built has an area of 0.25 m² and pyramidal covering, witch allows the collection of the distillate water in the four faces, different of just two like is found in the conventional distiller, besides promote the absorption of the radiation because of its versatility about the positioning of the sun. Not despite, its built is favored for the low cost associated and the agility in the process because it is made with a mix of gypsum, EPS ground and water, witch also attributes to the distiller thermal properties more favorable to the process of distillation.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS FROM A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR
Authors: Marchi Neto I. , Oliveira S. D. R. , Padilha A. , Scalon V. L.
Published: October 2018

The extreme necessity to diversify the sources of renewable energy motivates the search for methods of recycling of thermal energy losses of equipments. Thus, these energy losses can be used as a new source of energy for water heating and storage in a Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank (DHWST).  Therefore, an experimental apparatus is proposed with a cylindrical tank for liquid storage. The main objective of this experimental test is the estimation of the coefficient of comprehensive energy performance (COP) relative to the system and the analysis of the hot water storage through the stratification technique. The storage and use of this form of energy utilizes a shell and tube heat exchanger, whose function is to condensate the cooling liquid using water in countercurrent, which substitutes the refrigerator finned condenser. Thermal energy losses are collected by the thermosiphon principle, and stored as sensible heat in the tank. The results showed the full operation of the modified refrigeration system as well as the storage of hot water at satisfactory thermal levels for domestic use, since this is a commercially manufactured refrigerator.
A SMALL WASTEWATER TREATMENT STATION BUILT WITH PVC AND ASSOCIATED TO BIOGAS POWER GENERATOR
Authors: Lamas W. Q. , Silveira J. L. , Giacaglia G. E. O.
Published: October 2018

This work describes features related to a small wastewater treatment station installed at Sao Paulo State University, Faculty of Engineering, and Campus of Guaratingueta. An introduction about this topic is discussed focusing on its importance for environment (greenhouse effect) and for sewage treatment. Several works related to this topic are discussed. Following, a general plant is described. Concluding, some articular aspects are discussed such as CDO and BDO removal. Also, a comparison between real measured values and values recommend by Brazilian environmental legislation is discussed.
CALCULATION OF PRESSURE DROP IN NARROW ROTATING ANNULAR CLEARANCES
Authors: Nakashima C. Y. , Oliveira Jr S. , Caetano E. F.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a review of correlations used for pressure drop calculation in narrow annular clearances with rotation of inner cylinder. Based on these review, a new general correlation is proposed to calculate pressure drop through such clearances. Results are compared with experimental data for different flow regimes: laminar, laminar with Taylor vortex, smooth and rough turbulent, with good agreement. The main objective is to develop a simple and general correlation that could be used for backflow calculation in twin-screw multiphase pumps. In this kind of pump, the volumetric efficiency is defined mainly by the backflow rate which occurs in the annular clearance between screw and casing. Usually, the backflow is calculated ignoring the influence of shaft rotation over pressure drop and does not consider the several possible flow regimes. Depending on operational conditions, this simplification can lead to significant errors.
BIODIESEL FROM MICROALGAE: THE EFFECT OF FUEL PROPERTIES ON POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
Authors: Torrens J. C. L. , Vargas J. V. C. , Telles E. C. , Mariano A. B. , Ordonez J. C.
Published: October 2018

Recently, biofuels have been presented as a viable alternative for the main challenges of the energy industry: the depleting supplies of petroleum and the global warming due to greenhouse effect. Biofuels may be produced from several different feedstocks, such as sugarcane, animal fat, oil crops or even microalgae. Replacing conventional petroleum sourced fuels with biofuels may significantly reduce global greenhouse effect gases emission when considering the life cycle of such fuels. Even with this advantage, biofuels present new challenges concerning the engine adaptation and the pollutant emissions. In this context, this paper aims to clarify the relation between fuel properties of microalgae biodiesel and pollutant emissions, studying which properties are desirable in these new fuels to guarantee engine operation without degradation of performance in comparison to conventional diesel.
THERMAL MODEL FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC LAUNCHERS
Authors: Zhao H. , Souza J. A. , Ordonez J. C.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a 3D model for the determination of the temperature field in an electromagnetic launcher. The large amounts of energy that are dissipated into the structure of an electromagnetic launcher during short periods of time lead to a complicated thermal management situation. Effective thermal management strategies are necessary in order to maintain temperatures under acceptable limits. This paper constitutes an attempt to determine the temperature response of the launcher. A complete three-dimensional model has been developed. It combines rigid body movement, electromagnetic effects and heat diffusion together. The launcher consists of two parallel rectangular rails and an armature moving between them. Preliminary results show the current distribution on the rail cross-section, the localized resistive heating, and the rail transient temperature response. The simulation results are compared to prior work presented for a 2D geometry by Powell and Zielinski (2008).
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WATER CIRCULATION IN A CYLINDRICAL HORIZONTAL THERMAL TANK
Authors: Savicki D. L. , Vielmo H. A.
Published: October 2018

It is carried out a numerical study of the three-dimensional temperature and velocity fields in a cylindrical horizontal thermal tank during the process of water circulation. The numerical simulations were made using an academic Finite Volumes numerical code. This simulation considers that the thermal tank is connected to solar collectors. So, in the tank, the inlet jet temperature is higher than those inside the tank. This study aims to investigate the influence of the inlet jet on thermal stratification. The results show that for the mass flow rate studied, there is no significant variation on thermal stratification.
PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM MICROALGAE GROWTH RATE IN HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Morais K. C. C. , Ribeiro R. L. L. , Santos K. R. , Taher D. M. , Mariano A. B. , Vargas J. V. C.
Published: October 2018

The Brazilian National Program for Biofuel Production has been encouraging diversification of feedstock for biofuel production. One of the most promising alternatives is the use of microalgae biomass for biofuel production. The cultivation of microalgae is conducted in aquatic systems, therefore microalgae oil production does not compete with agricultural land. Microalgae have greater photosynthetic efficiency than higher plants and are efficient fixing CO2. The challenge is to reduce production costs, which can be minimized by increasing productivity and oil biomass. Aiming to increase the production of microalgae biomass, mixotrophic cultivation, with the addition of glycerol has been shown to be very promising. During the production of biodiesel from microalgae there is availability of glycerol as a side product of the transesterification reaction, which could be used as organic carbon source for microalgae mixotrophic growth, resulting in increased biomass productivity. In this paper, to study the effect of glycerol in experimental conditions, the batch culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was performed in a 2-liter flask in a temperature and light intensity controlled room. During 16 days of cultivation, the number of cells per ml was counted periodically in a Neubauer chamber. The calculation of dry biomass in the control experiment (without glycerol) was performed every two days by vacuum filtration. In the dry biomass mixotrophic experiment with glycerol concentration of 1.5 M, the number of cells was assessed similarly in the 10th and 14th days of cultivation. Through a volume element methodology, a mathematical model was written to calculate the microalgae growth rate. Was used an equation that describes the influence of irradiation and concentration of nutrients in the growth of microalgae. A simulation time of 16 days was used in the computations, with initial concentration of 0.1 g l-1. In order to compare simulation data with experimental data, we calculated the dry weight in 8 points in the course of sixteen days. In this way, it was possible to assess graphically biomass concentration versus time through the experiments and by numerical simulation. It was identified that the simulation results were consistent with the experiments and that the addition of glycerol greatly influenced the growth of microalgae. In the present analysis, the glycerol added increased 30% in biomass.
SOLAR 1.1: DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR SELECTING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS, INCLUDING THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Laranci P. , Silveira J. L. , Lamas W. Q.
Published: October 2018

Photovoltaic energy represents an opportunity to produce electricity in a clean manner. It can be applied in all world places, in particular in the developing countries, where there are places where electricity grids are unreliable or non-existent and is inconvenient to make investments in a grids expansion. In remote locations photovoltaic power supplies often the most economic and cleaner option to produce electric energy. In addition, many developing countries have high radiation levels year round because of their latitude. The software SOLAR 1.1 was developed with purpose of helping the choice of photovoltaic panels available commercially including electric needs calculation for the installation. This new version of program also help to conduce the economic analysis for grid connected or stand alone photovoltaic systems for the choice of convenient values of interest rate and payback period. In this version of the software is possible to select the language among English, Italian and Portuguese. The software choices the panels in its archive that contains more of 250 types of photovoltaic modules made by 35 producers. The selection provides as output three modules, the cheapest for each cell type: monocrystalline, multicrystalline and amorphous. The software archive can be updated adding new item or editing the inserted items. The economic analysis can be operated by SOLAR 1.1 in each of the chosen panels. This analysis gives as output all the values of the costs in the photovoltaic system and the diagrams with the electricity cost and the expected annual saving trend with variation of the amortisation period and for different values of the interest rate and the governmental subsidy rate.
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR TRANSIENT ONEDIMENSIONAL COUETTE FLOW CONSIDERING CONSTANT AND TIME-DEPENDENT PRESSURE GRADIENTS
Authors: Mendiburu A. A. , Carrocci L. R. , Carvalho J. A.
Published: October 2018

This paperaims to determine the velocity profile, in transient state, for a parallel incompressible flow known as Couette flow. The Navier-Stokes equations were applied upon this flow. Analytical solutions, based in Fourier series and integral transforms, were obtained for the one-dimensional transient Couette flow, taking into account constant and time-dependent pressure gradients acting on the fluid since the same instant when the plate starts it´s movement. Taking advantage of the orthogonality and superposition properties solutions were foundfor both considered cases. Considering a time-dependent pressure gradient, it was found a general solution for the Couette flow for a particular time function. It was found that the solution for a time-dependent pressure gradient includes the solutions for a zero pressure gradient and for a constant pressure gradient.
THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBONS APPLICATION IN HOUSEHOULD REFRIGERATOR
Authors: Almeida I. M. G. , Barbosa C. R. F. , Fontes F. A. O.
Published: October 2018

The research efforts and development in the refrigeration and air conditioning sector applied to the use of natural refrigeration fluids is not associated only with the need to preserve the environment alone, but has great importance with regard to the latent need for energy efficient equipment. With this perspective, the present study deals with the thermodynamic evaluation of the use of hydrocarbons refrigerants in household refrigeration systems that utilize HFC134a as a working fluid. A theoretical-computational analysis was developed for R134a, propane (R290) and the selected mixtures (R290/R600a 60%/40%, R290/R600a/R134a 40%/30%/30% and R600a/R290 50%/50%) in the standard refrigeration cycle ASHRAE, using the thermodynamic and thermophysical properties provided by the REFPROP 6.0 software. The results of computational simulations between the fluids were compared to find the evidence of the best alternative to HFC134a. In this sense, it was observed that the hydrocarbons reduced the levels of pressure on the condenser and evaporator, along with smaller compression tasks necessary in the system, owing to the thermo-physical properties privileged in these fluids. The use of these fluids is also proportionate to lower temperatures of compressor discharge, increasing the life of this highly valuable component of the system.
MASS TRANSFER CORRELATION FOR THE REMOVAL OF COPPER IONS FROM WASTEWATER
Authors: Kaminari N. M. S. , Ponte M. J. J. S. , Ponte H. A.
Published: October 2018

One of the biggest problems with ore processing in extractive metallurgical industries is the high toxicity of the heavy metals waste content (e.g., copper, lead, nickel and chrome). This work investigates the copper (II) íons removal from aqueous solutions in concentrations up to 1000 ppm. Therefore, a fluidized bed electrolytic reactor was used with flow-by configuration considered as a hopeful method due to the large specific surface area and the high mass transfer rate. The performance of the electrochemical reactor was investigated by using different porosities. Dimensionless Sherwood and Reynolds numbers were correlated to characterize the mass transport properties of the reactor, and they were fitted to the equation Sh = a.Reb.Sc1/3.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A FREE INCOMPRESSIBLE ISOTHERMAL TURBULENT COAXIAL JET
Authors: Ströher G. R. , Martins C. A. , De Andrade C. R.
Published: October 2018

In the present study the free incompressible isothermal turbulent coaxial jet problem is numerically solved, and compared with experimental measurements for different velocity ratio between the inner and the outer streams of the jet. The radial profile of the axial mean velocity was obtained with hot anemometry at different axial positions. Governing equations (mass conservation, momentum, turbulence model) were discretized employing the finite volume method with a segregated solver. The analysis of the experimental results showed that coaxial jet flow fields did not present self-similarity up to z/D=25, and the numerical solution using the Shih’s k ε turbulence model did not match reasonably with the experimental data, with a difference of about ± 10%.
FOREST EDGE EFFECTS ON THE PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF AN ARAUCARIA FOREST FRAGMENT IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: Scipioni Marcelo Callegari , Lunardi Neto Antônio , Siminski Alexandre , Dos Santos Vanderlei
Published: October 2018

The Araucaria forests of Southern Brazil have been drastically reduced as a result of anthropic intervention and are currently found at different stages of succession. The objective of our study was to understand the influence of forest fragmentation on the phytosociological composition of its tree component. The composition of floristic groups of the tree component and their correlation with the edaphic and environmental variables in a fragment of the Araucaria Forest in the municipality of Curitibanos, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil was analyzed. A hundred and ten permanent continuous plots (10 m²) with forest edges of different origins and formation times were established for sampling. Trees with diameter ≥ 5 cm at breast height (DBH) were measured and identified. Using TWINSPAN, data were analyzed for species importance values (including indicator species) in the formation of floristic groups. Floristic similarities resulted in separating groups conditioned by the forest succession. The presence of the invasive species Pinus taeda L. and pioneer species at the forest expansion border contributed to the formation of a spatially cohesive group. The other areas did not show influence of edge effects, being in an initial secondary succession stage, dominated by Jacaranda puberula Cham. Low edaphic variation among the classes of lithosols in a flat relief had no influence on the formation of floristic groups.
PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BRIQUETTES PRODUCED FROM CHARCOAL FINES AND WASTE OF Pinus spp.
Authors: Vieira André Tarcizo de Oliveira , Nascimento Alexandre Miguel do , Andrade Azarias Machado de , Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced with charcoal fines and waste of Pinus spp (sawdust and wood shavings). For the production, the charcoal fines of two particle sizes (less than and greater than 5 mm) were mixed with each type of wood waste of Pinus spp in the proportions of 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Then, the mixtures were compacted under the pressure of 55 kgf.cm-2 in a piston briquetter. As binder, 8% gelatinized maize starch was used. Tests were carried out on the briquettes in order to determine the apparent density, compressive strength, and friability index. Briquettes with the highest densities and compressive strengths were produced with the two lowest proportions of wood waste of Pinus spp (5 and 10%). The use of the charcoal fines combined with sawdust or wood shavings of Pinus spp is recommended for the production of briquettes with good physical and mechanical properties.
DAMAGE CAUSED TO THE REMAINING TREES OF A PINUS STAND SUBMITTED TO TWO MECHANIZED THINNING MODELS
Authors: Cabral Oscar Manuel de Jesús Vera , Lopes Eduardo Da Silva , Fiedler Nilton César , Diniz Carlos Cézar Cavassin , Oliveira Felipe Martins de
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the damage to remaining trees of pine stand submitted to two models of mechanized thinning. Data were collected in the wood harvesting areas of a forest company in Southern Brazil during the first commercial thinning with 10-year-old trees. The thinning was executed by a harvester in cutting the trees and a forwarder in extracting the logs, which was defined by thinning in the 5th planting line (treatment T1); and by a chainsaw in felling the central trees, by a harvester in cutting the other lines, and by a forwarder in extracting the logs in the experimental area defined by thinning in the 7th planting line (treatment T2). The damage to remaining trees in the stand in relation to the dimensions and location of the machinery operating trail was evaluated, and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results showed that treatment T2 caused greater damage in the remaining trees due to greater handling of felled and processed trees and a higher concentration of wood piles in the operating trail of the machines. In addition, there was greater contact of the harvester with the remaining trees when searching for the trees felled by the chainsaw was conducted to perform the final processing. Treatment T1 proved to be more suitable for thinning pine stands.
IDENTIFICATION OF BURNED AREAS BY SPECIAL INDEX IN A CERRADO REGION OF THE STATE OF TOCANTINS, BRAZIL
Authors: Sousa Ingridy Mikaelly Pereira , Carvalho Edmar Vinicius de , Batista Antonio Carlos , Machado Igor Eloi Silva , Tavares Maira Elisa Ferreira , Giongo Marcos
Published: October 2018

Obtaining information on burned areas has been studied and improved in the last decades, and the biggest question is the acquisition of consistent and detailed information about the occurrence of burnings in a simple and effective way. In view of this, remote sensing is a very interesting tool because it allows obtaining information in large areas of difficult access. The identification of areas burned by orbital data is directly related to their spectral behavior. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of spectral indices in the identification of burned area in OLI/Landsat-8 satellite images. The indices for the before and after fire images were calculated using bands of red and near infrared: NDVI, MSAVI, SAVI, and GEMI, and bands of near infrared and short wave infrared: NBR, BAIMmod, and MIRBImod. The difference between pre and post-fire index was also calculated: dNDVI, dMSAVI, dSAVI, dGEMI, dNBR, dBAIMmod, and dMIRBImod. From these indices, six different compositions (RGB) were created and later they were segmented and classified in a non-supervised way and soon after made the extraction of the area of interest. The results of this classification were validated with the reference data obtained through the visual interpretation of the image. The methods had shown a good quality of classification, with a percentage of accuracy ranging from 85.54 to 92.46% and Kappa value of 0.70 to 0.89. The best method was the dNBR, NBRpost-fire, and dMIRBImod indices in the RGB composite.
ALTERATIONS IN SOIL PROPERTIES INDUCED BY PASSIVE RESTORATION BY Clidemia urceolata DC IN THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST OF BRAZIL
Authors: Mateus Felipe Araujo , Valcarcel Ricardo , Bueno Mateus Marques , Da Mota Kenedy Donizete Ribeiro
Published: October 2018

The passive restoration induced by nuclei of Clidemia urceolata affects the successional dynamics of ecosystems, and these in turn influence the physical and chemical characteristics of soils depleted by disturbed pastures, creating a positive synergy between the soil and the vegetation. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the top 30 cm of the soil. This was carried out at the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Pinheiral Center, in the municipality of Pinheiral, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at five sampling sites with similar soil and physical environments. All the sites were pastures abandoned for different periods: 3 years of passive restoration (Site 1), 8 years (i.e., in an initial stage of colonization by plants; Site 2), 14 years (i.e., in an intermediate stage of colonization by plants; Site 3), 19 years (i.e., in an advanced stage of colonization by plants; Site 4), and 34 years (i.e., covered by fragments of secondary forest; Site 5). The following parameters were measured in the center of each site: a) mechanical resistance of the soil to penetration, b) apparent density, c) total porosity, d) macroporosity, e) microporosity, f) hydraulic conductivity, and g) nutrient content. The greatest contrasts in soil data were registered between 0 and 10 cm of depth, demonstrating the soil restoration done by the vegetation during passive restoration over 34 years. The development of Clidemia urceolata after 14 years is a key determinant of soil recovery, which modified its physical and chemical properties and created conditions for the environment to permit the growth and development of tree species, and the formation of forest fragments in less than 34 years of passive restoration, with no need of any additional efforts for the restoration of the disturbed areas.
Orthopaedic Resident Use of an Electronic Medical Record Template Does Not Improve Documentation for Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Urchek Ryan J. , Morscher Melanie A. , Steiner Richard P. , Adamczyk Mark J.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are associated with a high incidence of nerve injury. Therefore, it is imperative that documentation be complete and accurate. This investigation compares orthopaedic resident history and physical (H&P) documentation of pediatric supracondylar fractures for completeness and accuracy with and without the use of an electronic medical record template.

Methods:

The electronic medical record H&P documentation of 119 supracondylar humerus fractures surgically treated at a single pediatric institution was retrospectively reviewed. Templated and nontemplated groups were compared for documentation completeness and accuracy. Definitive diagnosis of a nerve palsy was made by a supervising orthopaedic attending surgeon.

Results:

Forty-two cases had a templated H&P and 77 did not. The H&P documentation in the templated group was markedly more complete than that in the nontemplated group. However, the accuracy of the H&P documentation to identify nerve palsy was not statistically different between the two groups. Overall, the voluntary use of the orthopaedic template declined over time.

Conclusion:

Resident use of an orthopaedic template for documenting the H&P of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures compared with nontemplated notes resulted in more complete documentation but only comparable accuracy.

Level of Evidence:

III
Inhospital Complications of Patients With Neuromuscular Disorders Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Cichos Kyle H. , Lehtonen Eva J. , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. , Ghanem Elie S.
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgeons are wary of patients with neuromuscular (NM) diseases as a result of perceived poor outcomes and lack of data regarding complication risks. We determined the prevalence of patients with NM disease undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and characterized its relationship with in-hospital complications, prolonged length of stay, and total charges.

Methods:

Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014 was used for this retrospective cohort study to identify 8,028,435 discharges with total joint arthroplasty. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify 91,420 patients who had discharge diagnoses for any of the NM disorders of interest: Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, cerebrovascular disease resulting in lower extremity paralysis, myotonic dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, myositis (dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion-body myositis), spinal muscular atrophy type III, poliomyelitis, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between NM disease and perioperative outcomes, including inpatient adverse events, length of stay, mortality, and hospital charges adjusted for demographic, hospital, and clinical characteristics.

Results:

NM patients undergoing TJA had increased odds of total surgical complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.25; P < 0.0001), medical complications (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.46; P < 0.0001), and overall complications (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.36; P < 0.0001) compared with non-NM patients. Specifically, NM patients had increased odds of prosthetic complications (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.42; P = 0.003), wound dehiscence (OR = 5.00; 95% CI, 1.57 to 15.94; P = 0.0002), acute postoperative anemia (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.24; P < 0.0001), altered mental status (OR = 2.59; 95% CI, 2.24 to 2.99; P < 0.0001), urinary tract infection (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.56; P < 0.0001), and deep vein thrombosis (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.58; P = 0.021). No difference of in-hospital mortality was observed (P = 0.155).

Discussion:

Because more patients with NM disease become candidates of TJA, a team of neurologists, anesthesiologists, therapists, and orthopaedic surgeon is required to anticipate, prevent, and manage potential complications identified in this study.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study