bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observational study for assessing the relation of visual impairment with symptoms of depression
Authors: Satani Chandni , Gupta Priti Kapadia
Published: June 2022

To assess the relation of visual impairment related to the refractive error with symptoms of depressionin relation to age, gender, educational qualification, level of visual impairment, type of refractive error, and use of corrective measures taken by the patient.

: Observational cross-sectional study.

A total of 260 participants above the age of 12 years with unaided visual acuity below 6/18 were examined for their refractive error using objective and subjective tests of refraction. Depressive symptoms were assessed using patient health questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9).

: Chi-square and fisher’s exact test to find an association between qualitative variables.

: Overall 70.77% of participants had depressive symptoms of varying degree. On assessing its severity 8.46% had moderate, 23.68% had mild, 38.46% had minimal depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in the younger age group, educated patients, and similar in both genders, but none were statistically significant. A statistically significant association was found between the level of visual impairment with depressive symptoms (p=0.01) and its severity (p=0.03). Relation of depressive symptoms with various types of refractive error were significant (p=0.01). The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased with an increasing degree of myopia (p=0.015) and hypermetropia (p=0.68). Participants who were not using corrective measures had more depressive symptoms in comparison to those using it. (p=0.19)

: Statistically significant association was found between depressive symptoms and its severity with the level of visual impairment, types, and degree of refractive error, especially myopia. There was no statistically significant association of refractive error with depressive symptoms and its severity in relation to age, gender, education.
A retrospective study of the role of Tocilizumab in preventing or controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 cases
Authors: Jain Swapnil , Thakur Ajeet Singh , Shah Bhavya , Julka Arti , Agrawat J.C.
Published: June 2022

In spite of the advancement in science we are still lacking definite specific treatment for Covid-19. And till date (11 April 2022) 6,203,372 and 5,21,722 death occurred globally and in India respectively. The sudden increase of O2 demand with need for Invasive ventilator is an indicator/ is a warning for cytokine storm Syndrome (CSS) or an over action of the immune system, which can be disastrous. Steroids are still the best anti-inflammatory drugs available thus as soon as a patient shows signs of a 'cytokine storm,' steroids should be used. Other drugs i.e. IL-6 receptor blocker TCZ and Sarilumab and direct IL-6 inhibitor Siltuximaband JAK inhibitors (baricitinib) etc are also been considered in various trials for cytokine storm.

A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients referred from the district hospital to the Dedicated Covid Hospital (DCH), all were diagnosed with COVID-19 with hypoxemia.

The timely detection of CSS & early initiation to controlling management is the key issue The early identification of cytokine strom with initiation of TCZ may give beneficial result. The Oxygen requirement and CRP showed a significant decline with the use of tocilizumab. Furthermore, the optimal timing, dosage and administration route of TCZ may need to be studied with larger sample or with multicenteric study plan.
Contenido de nutrientes, acidez y textura del suelo en áreas degradadas por la minería en el Chocó biogeográfico
Authors: Quinto-Mosquera Harley , Ayala-Vivas Gentil , Gutiérrez Harry
Published: June 2022

La minería es una de las actividades económicas que más destruyen ecosistemas en el Chocó biogeográfico, por lo que se requiere conocer los efectos que esta tiene en las condiciones fisicoquímicas del suelo con miras a su restauración. En ese contexto el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los cambios en las condiciones edáficas de áreas degradadas por la minería a cielo abierto con diferente edad sucesional en la región. Para ello se establecieron cinco parcelas permanentes de 625 y 2.500 m2 en áreas con 15 y 30 años de recuperación, respectivamente. Posteriormente, se tomaron muestras compuestas de suelos a 20 cm de profundidad y se determinaron sus contenidos de nutrientes, pH y textura. Se observó que los suelos eran ácidos (pH=4,73), con altos porcentajes de arena, materia orgánica (6,62 %), nitrógeno (N) total (0,34 %), fósforo (P) disponible (28,21 ppm), potasio (K) (0,38 meq/100g) y aluminio (Al) (2,15 meq/100 g), pero con bajas cantidades de calcio (Ca) (2,28 meq/100 g) y magnesio (Mg) (1,37 meq/100 g). La disponibilidad de P y K fue alta en ambas edades sucesionales, en tanto que la materia orgánica, el N total, el Ca, el Mg, la capacidad de intercambio catiónico efectiva (CICE), el Al, y el porcentaje de arena incrementaron con la sucesión, aunque el pH y la arcilla, disminuyeron. En síntesis, se evidenció un incremento en la disponibilidad de arena y nutrientes, pero también un aumento en la acidez y la toxicidad del Al con la sucesión. Asimismo, se constató que la recuperación de las condiciones fisicoquímicas del suelo en minas está condicionada por el efecto de la materia orgánica y la vegetación.
Upper Pleistocene deposits from the Cauca Valley
Authors: Jaramillo Carlos , Krigsfeld Shuster Gheny , D. Rojas Carlo , Henao Alexander , Y. Ojeda Germán , Caballero Dayenari , Escobar-Florez Sebastian , Gomez Sebastian , Escobar Jaime
Published: June 2022

The rise of the Isthmus of Panama is one of the major biogeographical events of the Cenozoic. It is a massive natural experiment in biological migrations, as lands formerly separated—South America and Central/North America—became connected. There is, however, a difference in timing between the final closure of the Isthmus (4.2-3.5 Ma) and the onset of the massive mammal migrations (i.e., Great American Biotic Interchange, GABI, 2.7 Ma). This time lag has been brought up to suggest that other factors rather than a land connection were major drivers of the GABI. A large biome change from forest to savanna in Central America and Northwestern South America could have provided the conduit for accelerating the biotic interchange between both continents. This hypothesis has been rarely tested as the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record of those regions has not been sufficiently studied. Gheny K. Shuster discovered a brand new Upper Pleistocene fossil deposit in and under the Cauca River (Southwestern Colombia), one of such possible migration corridors. We conducted a field geophysical and sedimentological study to understand the geometry of the fossil-rich deposits, dated them using carbon isotopes (C14), and assessed the type of biome (savanna versus forest) that dominated the region by looking at pollen samples. We found that the conglomerates accumulated in lenticular bodies, perpendicular to the modern course of the Cauca River during the Late Pleistocene in alluvial fan settings. The vegetation corresponds to a tropical dry forest and there is no evidence of extensive savannas. The Cauca River deposits could become a relevant site for the Neotropical Pleistocene.
Fotografando a Ciência: A Escola e a Relação Ciência e Arte
Authors: Sento Sé Pinnock Patrícia , Delgado Machado Maria Auxiliadora
Published: June 2022

Nessa pesquisa efetuamos a análise da produção de estudantes em forma de fotografias, tendo como foco suas percepções de Ciência – a disciplina de seus currículos. Pretendemos com essa análise identificar suas representações a cerca da referida disciplina, utilizando a fotografia como forma de expressão, na tentativa de serem eles os autores de seu processo de construção e expressão de seus conhecimentos. Pretendemos também entender, em um mundo de respostas rápidas e de fácil acesso, o que podemos oferecer para os estudantes de forma a compreender melhor o que eles têm para nos dizer, identificar elementos de sua bagagem de vida e que atividades podemos realizar para contribuir com a sua formação no mundo atual. Com isso discutimos o contexto da escola, sua relação com mundo e o papel da relação Arte e Ciência em sua formação, a partir de algumas ideias do educador Paulo Freire. Apresentamos os conceitos de Heinrich Wölfflin – pictórico e linear – quando analisamos respectivamente as fotografias. Por fim, em um processo de reflexão das nossas ações diante da produção dos estudantes, iremos discutir caminhos e ações futuras.
Arte, Ciência e Educação: Um Encontro Necessário
Authors: Evangelista de Sousa Lorrayne , Vilas-Boas Adlane
Published: June 2022

Este artigo trata de uma revisão sobre o diálogo entre Ciência e Arte e discute como a reconexão entre as duas culturas pode ser benéfica em um contexto de aprendizagem. Nem sempre a Arte foi tratada como conhecimento desconectado de outras culturas, mas, com a revolução científica moderna, houve um afastamento do abstrato e do concreto, do raciocínio lógico e do subjetivo, da Arte e da Ciência. No século XXI, os dois campos se reaproximaram em diversas áreas e, também, na Educação. São trazidos aqui, exemplos de avanços das neurociências indicando que a experiência artística altera redes neurais e influência no desenvolvimento cognitivo. Discute-se que a inserção das artes nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem pode repercutir positivamente na aquisição de saberes científicos e no desenvolvimento de habilidades requeridas do estudante atual, como o desenvolvimento da criatividade, que se configura como uma fonte de inovação para solução de problemas complexos, da criticidade, de comportamentos colaborativos, da comunicação e melhora o desempenho escolar de alunos com experiências artísticas. O ensino de ciências pode se beneficiar com a implantação de um currículo integrado e o rompimento da visão fragmentada “ciência ou arte” como uma alternativa de transformação do ensino, ressignificando o modo de ensinar e de aprender conceitos científicos.
POR QUE ARTE E CIÊNCIA?
Authors: Silveira João
Published: June 2022

No texto é proposta reflexão sobre a inadequação dos modelos de ensino e a transdisciplinaridade, em diálogo com a interação entre Arte e Ciência.
Jak wiele powinniśmy poświęcać dla innych? Obowiązki pomocy potrzebującym w ujęciu Tomasza z Akwinu
Authors: Galewicz Włodzimierz
Published: June 2022

Przedmiotem tego artykułu jest zakres i charakter obowiązków, które w ujęciu Tomasza z Akwinu należą do szczególnej podklasy aktów dobroczynności lub czynienia dobra, noszącej u niego nazwę eleemosyna. Tłumacząc ten termin przez „pomoc potrzebującym” lub „pomoc w potrzebie”, biorę pod rozwagę pytanie, w jakich okolicznościach udzielanie tej pomocy jest według Tomasza działaniem obowiązkowym, a w jakich tylko zalecanym lub nawet niewłaściwym. W szczególności staram się ustalić, jak wiele z naszego osobistego dobra (majątku, komfortu lub wolnego czasu)  jego etyczna teoria każe nam przeznaczać na wspieranie innych, nawet przy założeniu, że oni tego wsparcia potrzebują.
Setting Health-Care Priorities: A Reply to Piotr Lichacz
Authors: Tännsjö Torbjörn
Published: June 2022

I discuss the comments from Professor Piotr Lichacz on my book, Setting Health-Care Priorities. What Ethical Theories Tell Us (New York: OUP, 2019). The idea that our reluctance to let go of life and abstain from marginal life extension is irrational is defended against his criticism. The methodology used in the book—urging us to rely in our testing on ethical theories on the content of our considered moral intuitions—is explained at length and the notion of cognitive psychotherapy involved in it is defended.
Integral Ecology and Anthropocentrism: John Milbank’s Ecological Personalism
Authors: Gużyński Jakub , Włoch Szymon
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the ecological aspects of John Milbank’s thought in the context of the growing climate crisis. For this purpose, the concept of integral ecology is interpreted in the spirit of Milbank’s integralism, which rejects the notion of “pure nature” as a manifestation of secularism and calls for theological grounding of the environmental discourse. This perspective allows us to see the limitations of the modern way of thinking, caught up in the metaphors of “conquest of nature” and “return to nature.” As an alternative, the concept of “kenotic anthropocentrism” is proposed, which sees man as a rational, social, creative and religious animal, that somehow transcends his own nature, being called to union with God. On the one hand, such an approach proclaims the ontological superiority of man over other creatures, and on the other, it reminds us of his role as the guardian—and not the owner—of the Earth. Thus, it differs significantly from Clive Hamilton’s “modest anthropocentrism,” whose call to care for the environment is ultimately based on arbitrary freedom and the imperative of self-preservation. Milbank’s position is closer to Bruno Latour’s (anti-)anthropocentrism emphasizing the role of man as a political representative of silent earthlings—rivers, mountains and animals. However, Milbank advocates a strong ontological hierarchy rejected by Latour, which makes him less sensitive to the material dimension of climate change. Moreover, Milbank’s militant anti-secularism may be an obstacle to a much needed broader discussion of the ecological crisis, even if his critique of modernity is hard to ignore.
Przekonania i oczekiwania studentów SGGW związane ze szkoleniami e-learning
Authors: Błaszczak Iwona
Published: June 2022

Wraz z rozwojem technologii, czyli łatwiejszą dostępnością szybkich komputerów, Internetu o dużej przepustowości i świadomością ludzi, jak można wykorzystać komputer oraz z ich coraz większymi kompetencjami informatycznymi, e-learning znajduje wciąż nowe zastosowania we współczesnym świecie. Należy podkreślić, że e-learning to nie tylko wykorzystanie technologii, Internetu i komputera w nauczaniu, jest on także ściśle związany z kształceniem ustawicznym oraz ciągłym podnoszeniem kwalifikacji osób dorosłych.
Rola nauczyciela-wychowawcy we wspieraniu ucznia
Authors: Piorunek Magdalena
Published: June 2022

W artykule skupiono się na ukazaniu pozadydaktycznych funkcji nauczyciela i jego roli we wspieraniu, pomaganiu i doradzaniu uczniowi. Nauczyciele różnią się między sobą zarówno poziomem i charakterystyką posiadanych kompetencji wykorzystywanych w procesach pomocowych i doradczych, oceną roli tych działań w edukacji, jak i gotowością do aktywnego wchodzenia w takie relacje oraz responsywnością na zgłaszane przez uczniów zapotrzebowanie w tym obszarze. Przedstawiono charakterystykę relacji pomocowej nauczyciel–uczeń. Dokonano charakterystyki funkcjonowania nauczyciela-wychowawcy, jako osoby mającej potencjalnie najczęstszy i mniej sformalizowany kontakt z uczniem oraz jego roli w procesach wspierania. W tym celu powołano się wybiórczo na wyniki badań sondażowych adolescentów odnośnie do postrzegania przez nich nauczycieli-wychowawców jako osób wspierających. Wskazano także na rolę wychowawcy na poszczególnych etapach w trójstopniowym modelu pomocy psychopedagogicznej – doradztwa w szkole, obejmującym proces rozpoznania problemu uczniowskiego, interwencję psychopedagogiczną i pomoc uczniowi w konsolidacji i utrwalaniu dokonujących się w nim zmian.
Özellikleri ve İlkeleri Bağlamında Kur’ân’da Tenkit Üslûbu
Authors: YEŞİLTAŞ Sultan , DENİZER Nurullah
Published: June 2022

Tenkit, hayatın tüm aşamalarında ve boyutlarında var olan bir olgudur. İnsanları bâtıldan hakka, dalâletten hidâyete yönlendirmek için gönderilmiş olan Kur’ân’ın bu maksadını gerçekleştirirken kullandığı anlatım üslûplarından biri olan tenkit üslûbu genel bir bakışla değerlendirildiğinde, bu üslûbun insanlara eksikliklerini giderme ve hatalarından arınma hususunda sürekli bir çaba göstermelerini sağlamayı amaçladığı görülmektedir. Tenkit üslûbu Kur’ân’da nasıl yer almaktadır? Muhatapları için nasıl bir önem arz etmektedir? Kur’ân’ın kullanmış olduğu tenkit üslûbundan bu üslûbun kullanımına dair birtakım ilkeler çıkarmak mümkün müdür? Bu ve benzeri soruların cevaplarının aranması, mevzubahis üslûbun metodunun tespitini ve bu üslûbun muhatap üzerinde oluşturmayı hedeflediği etkinin keyfiyetinin kavranmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu bağlamda Kur’ân’ın muhataplarına yönelttiği eleştirilerin bazı ilkeler çerçevesinde gerçekleştiği söylenebilir. Kur’ân, muhatabını bazen yumuşak sözlerle ikaz ederek, bazen hikmet ve güzel öğütle uyararak, bazen de soru-cevapla düşündürerek tenkit etmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında Kur’ân’da yer alan tenkitlerin Kur’ân’ın insanları hidayete ulaştırma hedefini gerçekleştirmenin yanında tenkit üslûbuna dair insanlara bir metot sunduğu da görülmektedir. Kur’ân’ın tenkit üslûbunun ilkelerini ve özelliklerini tespit etmek, onun mesajının daha iyi anlaşılmasına ve aktarılmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu yönü itibariyle Kur’ân’ın tenkit üslûbunu bilmenin hem bireye hem de tefsir literatürüne önemli katkılar sağlayacağı aşikârdır. Kur’ân, insanlara bir hayat nizamı sunarken aynı zamanda insanın bunu pratik hayatına uygulamasını da emreder. Kur’ân’da insan için konulan ilkeler, sınırlar, hedefler ve ona gösterilen örnekler, pratik hayata aktarılmak için birer referans noktasıdır. Bunların göz ardı edilmesi, uygulanmaması yahut maksadından saptırılması durumunda ise Kur’ân insanları belli bir üslûpla tenkit eder. Bu bağlamda Kur’ân’da tenkit içeren pek çok âyet insanları Kur’ân’ın çizdiği hayat nizamına yönlendirme işlevi görmesinin yanı sıra tenkit üslûbunun nasıl olması gerektiğine dair evrensel bir takım ilkeler de sunmaktadır. Zira insanların sosyal hayatlarında birbirlerini tenkit ederken Kur’ân’ın tenkit üslûbunu model alması, tenkitin olumlu sonuçlar vermesine yardımcı olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası Kur’ân’ın tenkit üslûbunun özellikleri ve ilkeleridir. Bu odak nokta çerçevesinde öncelikle kavramsal olarak üslûp ve tenkit kavramları tahlil edilecek, tenkit üslûbunun Kur’ân’daki yeri ve önemi üzerinde durulacak ve bu üslûbun genel özellikleri ve ilkeleri tespit edilmeye çalışılarak söz konusu ilkeler hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulacaktır.
Sâbit ve Değişken: Cüveynî’de Sürekli ve Yeniden Yaratma
Authors: ERDEM Emine Nur
Published: June 2022

Bu makalede, arazların ardışık iki zaman dilimi süresince devamlılıklarının olmadığı ve varlıklarının ikinci anında yeniden yaratıldıkları düşüncesi, Cüveynî’nin yaklaşımları çerçevesinde tahlil edilmektedir. Bu amaçla öncelikle sürekli yaratma teorisinin kelâmcıların düşünce sistemindeki yerine, ardından Cüveynî’nin sürekli yaratmaya ilişkin kabulünün ilâhî müdahalenin etkinliği ve âlem anlayışı açısından sonuçlarına temas edilmektedir. Sürekli yeniden yaratma (teceddüd-i ems̱âl), arazların anbean yok olup benzerleriyle yeniden yaratılmaları şeklinde ele alınan bir anlayıştır. Bu anlayış çerçevesinde kelâmcılar, evrendeki süreklilik ve değişim ile birlikte şeylerde değişime uğramayan sâbiteleri izah etmeye çalışmışlardır. Arazların her an yenilenmesi ile ilişkilendirilen bu anlayış, Cüveynî tarafından arazın sonluluğu, başka bir arazla veya kendisiyle kāim olamayacağı esasları çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Buna göre araz, mekân tutma (mütehayyizlik) niteliğine sahip olmadığından başka bir arazı taşıyamazken; kendisi gibi bir araz olan bekā ile de kāim olamadığından devamlılığı bulunmamaktadır. Nitekim araz ikinci vakitte bâkī olsaydı, benzerinin aynı mekânda olması mümkün olmazdı. Aynı şekilde araz, süreklilik kazansaydı yokluğu da imkânsız olurdu. Çünkü ardışık iki anda bâkī olanın, üçüncü ve sonraki anlarda da yok olması mümkün olmazdı. Ancak duyular arazların yok olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle süreksiz ve kesintili bir yapıda olan araz, varlığını kaybettiği her an, aynı zamanda yaratmaya da konu olmaktadır. Kelâmcıların çoğu tarafından kabul edilen sürekli yaratma anlayışı, arazlar üzerinden sistemleştirilmiş olup, cevherlerin yenilenmesini içermemektedir. Cüveynî’nin de arazların yenilenmesi ve cevherlerin devamlılığı şeklinde bir ayrım yaptığı göze çarpmaktadır. Ancak Cüveynî, cevherin bekāsını, yine arazların sürekli yaratılması ile ilişkilendirerek bu meseleyi Allah’ın mutlak kudretiyle çelişmeyecek şekilde izah etmektedir. Ona göre cevherin devamlılık şartı, kendisiyle kāim olan arazın varlığına bağlıdır. Allah cevherin varlığının devamlılığını dilediği müddetçe, onda ard arda bekā arazını yaratmaktadır. Araz yok olduğu takdirde ise cevher de varlığını yitirmektedir. Böylece sürekli yeniden yaratma suretiyle Allah’ın müdahalesi, araz üzerinde doğrudan etkili olurken; cevher de devamlılık şartı olan araza bağlı olarak Allah’ın müdahalesine muhtaç olmaktadır. Böylece bütün olarak evren, Yaratıcı’dan bir an bile müstağni kalmamaktadır. Cüveynî’nin bu yaratma anlayışı, bir yandan zorunlu nedensellik fikrine ket vururken, diğer yandan Fâil-i Muḫtâr yaratıcının sürekli müdahalesini öngören bir Allah-âlem ilişkisi modeli çizmektedir. Önce ve sonra var olan her şeyin Allah’ın yaratmasına bağlı olduğu düşüncesi, âlemdeki nesnelerin kendi tabiatlarında taşıdıkları niteliklerden kaynaklandığı fikrini de geçersiz kılmaktadır.
Strategy for Internalizing the Value off Character Education Based on Aswaja in Elementary School
Authors: Hamidaturrohmah Hamidaturrohmah , Widiyono Aan , Murniati Murniati , Imhemd Ramadan Basher
Published: June 2022

The problem of attitudes and moral decadence of learners is increasingly widespread, making it important to optimize character education from an early age. This research aims to describe the strategy of planting Aswaja-based character values in students in elementary school in order to become a strong foundation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study. This research was conducted at the Integrated Primary School (SD) Jepara. Collecting data entailed methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the strategy of internalizing character values based on Aswaja can be carried out by schools with application in micro contexts and macro contexts. First, the micro context includes: integration with each subject, planting tasamuh, tawazun, ta’adul and tawasuth through habituation of attitudes in daily life, habituation of amaliah Aswaja such as Barzanji activities, Qur'an recitations, grave pilgrimages, and tahlil. Second, the macro context refers to collaboration between schools, parents, and the community. Cooperation with parents lies in the synergy of attitude application at school and at home and doing reflections together; cooperation with the community is carried out through a partnership program to support the quality and character of educational output.
Los comités de bioética
Authors: Molina-Ricaurte Carlos Jesus
Published: June 2022

Los comités de bioética apoyan las instancias sociales y gubernamentales que se encargan de la toma de decisiones en cuestiones relacionadas con el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías sobre la vida. Estas cuestiones se caracterizan por su problematicidad y conflictividad. Las reflexiones y decisiones que provienen de los comités de bioética las podemos analizar en relación con las fuentes del derecho. Siendo así, hay que admitir que el derecho ha de abrirse a otra clase de discursos, lo que toca el corazón mismo de la ciencia del derecho. El artículo presenta del objeto de investigación explicando varios aspectos que se consideran relevantes para entender la relación que se da entre bioética y derecho; luego, desarrolla una discusión a partir de unos elementos críticos o teóricos a partir de los resultados encontrados en la búsqueda bibliográfica; por último, el artículo formula una tesis o solución. El método que se sigue es analítico-sintético. El artículo no se ocupa, propiamente, de dar soluciones prácticas a los problemas en bioética, como sí de analizar, de forma general, un nuevo campo de interacción entre la bioética y el derecho.
Interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en casos de fetos anencefálicos y la objeción de conciencia
Authors: Marín Mora Alejandro , Ospina-Henao Sebastián
Published: June 2022

Si bien la interrupción terapéutica del embarazo en los casos de fetos anencefálicos ha sido ampliamente discutida, y se han llegado a conclusiones éticas que la justifican (si no existe contraindicación médica y se obtiene el consentimiento informado de la mujer), es importante reevaluar el tema. Por ello, se deben contrastar los principios bioéticos con sentencias judiciales de fenómenos jurídicos que están surgiendo en el mundo, y que pueden provocar cambios en los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. No obstante, esto no debe implicar un cambio en los argumentos bioéticos. Asimismo, debido al resurgimiento a nivel global de un conservadurismo moral, que propone un planteamiento en torno a la objeción de conciencia, se torna imperativo analizar desde la perspectiva bioética si la misma puede ser invocada en casos de interrupción terapéutica del embarazo. Para ello, se deberían ponderar los principios bioéticos y utilizar una bioética laica, pluralista y basada en ética de mínimos, la cual busque la dignidad de las personas que enfrentan una gestación de fetos anencefálicos. En ese sentido, la objeción de conciencia no debería utilizarse como instrumento para negar la atención a estas personas.
Economic assessment of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the latest innovative development (on the example of the ROBIN service robot)
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Kantardzhyan Sargis L.
Published: June 2022

The article proposes a new approach to the economic evaluation of office robotic devices on the example of the ROBIN companion robot developed in the Republic of Armenia. It is proposed to employ ROBIN in patient care in the healthcare sector. It is known that when a child is in prolonged isolation, there are problems with creating such conditions around him that will allow him to avoid getting into stressful situations. A method for determining the reduction in stress levels in sick children after their communication with the robot is described. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the results of calculations carried out using the quantitative and qualitative indicators of five com-panion robots taken from the literature, it was found that the innovative development created by Armenian researchers in the person of the ROBIN robot not only reduces stress in children who have been hospitalized for treatment, but is also not inferior to foreign analogues in their functions, and in some parameters even surpasses them. Key words: companion robots; stress level; comparative significance; weighting coeffi-cient; utility coefficient; quality level
Trends in the banking industry in the era of digital technology development
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University,, Bykanova Natalia I.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The intensive development and spread of digital technologies have a significant impact on the financial market. More and more commercial banks are striving to move to tradi-tional and digital banking, thereby meeting the financial and non-financial needs of cus-tomers and reducing their costs and increasing efficiency. The purpose of the study is to identify, systematize and generalize key trends in the development of the banking sector in the era of digital technology development based on an assessment of the most promis-ing technological and platform solutions. The object of the study was the performance indicators and technologies of the banking sector. In the course of the study, general scientific, analytical, statistical graphical methods, as well as methods of expert assess-ments were used. The author highlights the essence of the ongoing changes and technological solutions in the banking sector of Russia, highlights the main trends in the development of the bank-ing business, analyzes their state, and possible ways to accelerate the digital transfor-mation of the banking industry. Particular attention is paid to state regulation of the pro-cesses of digitalization of the banking sector. The authors conclude that the main devel-opment drivers are both platform and technological solutions: big data, open API, re-mote authentication, ecosystems, as well as projects of the Bank of Russia: masterplace, masterchain, digital ruble
Anthropometric parameters in boys and girls of the Omsk city
Authors: Devyatirikov D. A. , Putalova I. N. , Grinenko O. V. , Sidenko N. I. , Shirochenko S. N. , Artyukhov A. V. , Zemkayus D. V.
Published: June 2022

The aimof the study was to compare the cephalometric and somatometric parameters of boys and girls aged 18-20 to reveal features of the anthropometry of the youth population of the Omsk city.

Material and methods. There was performed an anthropometric examination of 140 people aged 18 to 20 years (70 boys and 70 girls), Slavic ethnic group. Height, transverse chest diameter, chest circumference, body weight, longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the head, full face height, and zygomatic diameter were measured. To obtain generalized data indices of Rees-Eysenck, Rohrer, Quetelet II, Pignet, the head index and the facial index according to Garson were calculated. The data obtained were statistically processed.

Results. According to our data, the average height of boys was 180,49±0,73 cm, body weight – 77,28±1,65 kg, average height of girls – 165,79±0,79 cm, body weight – 59,25±1,15 kg. Normosthenic type (44%) prevailed in boys, and asthenic (53%) somatotype prevailed in girls (according to the Rees–Eysenck index). Individuals of both sexes were more likely to have harmonious (57 and 72%, respectively) physical development (according to the Rohrer index). According to the M.V. Chernorutsky index, hypersthenic (44%) somatotype prevailed in boys, and normosthenic (66%) somatotype prevailed in girls. Cephalometry demonstrated that mesocephalic head shape (54%) was more commonly determined in boys, and brachycephalic (50%) head shape - in girls, while euryprosopia was typical for people of both sexes (50% of cases in boys and 63% in girls).

Conclusion. The study determined and evaluated typical features of anthropometric data (head shape, face, somatotype) of boys and girls aged 18 – 20 years of the Omsk city.
Does the structure of the skin change after tattooing?
Authors: Karymov O. N. , Kalashnikova S. A. , Vorob'ev A. A.
Published: June 2022

Tattoo or artificial violation of the skin integrity by the dye impregnation with a piercing (rarely cutting) instrument, originally used for cult purposes, has recently shifted from the criminal environment to the youth society, becoming a popular element of the subculture among the youth. Our previous study has evidenced that this phenomenon has complications caused by both traumas to the skin and side effects of tattoo dyes, about which tattoo parlor clients are not informed.

The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the skin under tattoo exposure in experimental animals and humans.

Material and methods. The experimental study included 40 white nonlinear rats (30 experimental, 10 control). The animals of the experimental group were tattooed with black pigment. The animals were removed from the experiment in 7, 14, and 21 days. The clinical block of the study included 52 cases of patients with complaints of unsatisfactory tattoo appearance, skin itching, edema. Histological examination involved 52 skin fragments with tattoo.

Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in experimental tattoo staged changes in the macro- and microanatomical structure of the skin were observed: the inflammatory stage was replaced by a stage of incomplete phagocytosis with subsequent integration of a pigment into the reticular layer of the dermis. In clinical practice, the development of post-tattoo complications can occur at all stages: from the development of infectious-allergic reactions and granulomatous inflammation to the development of neoplastic processes.

Conclusion. In uncomplicated tattoo, this process should be considered latent, its duration depends on the individual features of a person. In adverse effects of endo- and exogenous factors, late post-tattoo complications may occur.
The appendage of the testis: morphogenesis, structural and functional characteristics in physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Ryskulov M. F.
Published: June 2022

The article focuses on the data from Russian and foreign literature on the morphofunctional characteristics of the appendage of the testis in humans and mammalian animals. In the appendage of the testis, the head, body and tail are isolated. The head is formed by the efferent ductules, then they pass into the duct of the appendage forming the body and tail of the appendage. The epithelial cell classification in the appendage is debatable, which is due to both different methodological approaches and species differences in the epithelial lining of the testis appendage in different species. Species differences in the morphofunctional organization of the epithelium of the appendage of the testis are insignificant, this manifests the principle of parallelism in the evolutionary dynamics of the appendage epithelium. The appendage of the testis is a hormone-dependent organ, androgens play a leading role in regulating the development and functioning of the appendage; in addition, estrogens and prolactin take a significant part in regulating the appendage activity. Morphological equivalents of the negative influence of various damaging factors are basically similar, which evidences the presence of a nonspecific mechanism of reaction to the action of adverse factors formed during evolution. Despite a significant number of studies related to the morphology of the testis appendage, many aspects of morphofunctional, molecular and biochemical transformations occurring in the testis appendage still remain poorly understood and require further in-depth study. There are also insufficient number of comparative studies, and studies investigating the appendage of the testis of animals of natural biocenosis.
Macro-microscopic features of the structure of lymphoid nodules in the wall of the female urethra
Authors: Alexeeva N. T. , Devonaev O. T. , Klochkova S. V. , Sokolov D. A. , Nikityuk D. B.
Published: June 2022

The aim of the investigation was to study the macro-microscopic features of the structure and quantitative indicators of the lymphoid nodules of the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis.

Material and methods. The topography, number and size of lymphoid nodules in the urethral wall from corpses of 63 women of different age groups were studied by macro-microscopy using binocular stereomicroscope MBS-9 after elective staining with Harris hematoxylin. The material was fixed in a 10% formalin solution. The preparations were photographed and the area of lymphoid nodules was measured in the ImageJ program. For statistical data processing, parametric statistics methods based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used. Statistical data processing included the calculation of arithmetic averages, their errors, and the analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator.

Results. The maximum number of lymphoid nodules in the urethra in early childhood corresponds to the idea of the largest total number of lymphoid cells, the severity of lymphoid tissue in the first years of life. The density of lymphoid nodules is maximum in the 1st period of childhood (9,5–10,5 nodules), and then decreases sequentially. In senile age, compared with the 1st period of childhood, the density of localization of lymphoid nodules decreases in the walls of the upper third of the urethra by 1.7 times (p< 0.05), the middle and lower thirds of the organ - by 1.2 times (p<0.05) and the urethra as a whole – by 1.3 times (p<0.05). The amplitude of the variation series (differences between individual maximum and minimum) of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules, according to our data, does not change significantly during postnatal ontogenesis. The size of the lymphoid nodule during postnatal ontogenesis is maximal in the 1st period of childhood. Further, the value of this indicator decreases and reaches a minimum in old age and in centenarians.

Conclusion. The study showed that lymphoid tissue in the urethral wall is at different stages of morphogenetic maturity, lymphoid nodules are found, which, as is known, are considered to be a more functionally mature stage of lymphoid tissue development. The values of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules throughout the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis change slightly, the minimum number of them is observed in old age and the period of longevity, the maximum does not actually change.
In memoriam of Vladimir Nikolaevich Gryaznov: to the 90th anniversary of birth
Authors: Chernykh A. V. , Cherednikov E. F. , Shevtsov A. N. , Yakusheva N. V. , Popova M. P.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the first head of the Central Research Laboratory, long-term head of the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy of the Voronezh State Medical Institute (VSMI), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Gryaznov. V.N. Gryaznov was an excellent teacher and researcher. He was known in the institute staff as a principled, demanding leader, a sympathetic and sensitive comrade, a person with an active life position.
Brand Management to Improve the Positioning of the ”Commercial Encalada” Company
Authors: Jennifer Cevallos Encalada Luz
Published: June 2022

This article focuses on the development of a branding proposal for the company ”Comercial Encalada” with the aim of improving its position in the Quito market. The idea is to create a corporate identity that allows the company to connect with its customers and differentiate itself in the market. A deductive method was used for market research, which means that the conclusion was drawn based on premises that are assumed to be real. Thus, the PEST, RMG, and SWOT analysis were carried out and information from various bibliographic sources on branding and marketing were compiled to conclude. Of note, the economically active population of Quito was used to obtain the study sample, resulting in 384 people surveyed. The main issues identified through the market research were the lack of recognition of the ”Comercial Encalada” brand in the Quito market and the preference of consumers for the presentation of the products on the hanger rather than the price. We conclude that every company needs not only a brand design that allows the entity to distinguish itself from its competitors but also interactive brand management that, along with other marketing strategies, manages to create a perspective of unique value in clients in a way that they prefer the services and/or products of the company over those of the competition.
Keywords: Branding, Marketing, Brand design, Positioning.
Resumen
El presente artículo se centra en el desarrollo de una propuesta de branding para la empresa “Comercial Encalada” con el afán de mejorar su posicionamiento en el mercado quiteño; la idea es crear una identidad corporativa que le permita a la entidad conectarse con sus clientes y diferenciarse en el mercado. En la metodología de la investigación se utilizó el método deductivo, este se trata de obtener conclusiones con base en premisas que se asumen como reales, dado que para llegar a una conclusión se llevó a cabo una investigación de mercados, análisis PEST, RMG y FODA, así como también por la recopilación de información de diversas fuentes bibliográficas sobre branding y marketing. Cabe mencionar que para el cálculo de la muestra se utilizó a la población económicamente activa de Quito, dando como resultado 384 personas a encuestar. Los principales resultados obtenidos en la investigación de mercados son la falta de reconocimiento de la marca “Comercial Encalada” en el mercado quiteño y la preferencia de los consumidores por la presentación de los productos en percha antes que el precio. Para finalizar, se llega a la conclusión de que toda empresa necesita no solo el diseño de una marca que permita a la entidad distinguirse de la competencia sino también una gestión de branding interactiva que, en compañía de otras estrategias de marketing, logren crear una perspectiva de valor única en los clientes de tal forma que prefieran los servicios y/o productos de la compañía por sobre los de la competencia.
Palabras Clave: Branding, Marketing, Diseño de marca, Posicionamiento
Peculiarities of the Interpreter’s Participation in Polygraph Examination: Organizational and Legal Aspects
Authors: Butenko Olexsii , Ivanova Natalya , Radkovych Iryna , Palyvoda Olha , Bloshchynskyi Ihor
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the main organizational and legal aspects of involving the interpreter in conducting a polygraph examination. The example of criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine shows the main problems in regulating the involvement of the interpreter in conducting psychophysiological examinations using a polygraph, as it is the field of crime investigation that requires strict compliance with the requirements of procedural law. According to the results of the research, the factors that determine the expediency of involving the interpreter in the polygraph examination, which, in addition to the general rules, should also include cases where the subject of interest, although speaks the state language, but his / her language is foreign. It is noted that in the process of the polygraph examination conduct it is necessary to take into account such peculiarities of a person’s knowledge of a foreign language as the use of dialectisms, slang and professional jargon, etc. From the standpoint of determined peculiarities of a polygraph examination conduct, the qualification requirements for the interpreter, which ensure the successful and effective conduct of such examination, are substantiated. The article reveals the main aspects of polygraph examinations conduct the interpreter should be acquainted with and the rules of behaviour of the interpreter in the examination process. The problems and directions of their decision are defined through the example of the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine which are connected both with the general rules of involvement of the interpreter in forensic examination conduct influencing efficiency of carrying out psychophysiological examinations with the use of a polygraph, and peculiarities of legal regulation of the organization and carrying out this type of examination.
Clinical Outcomes of Extremity Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: SEMİS Halil Sezgin , YAPAR Aliekber , ÇELEBİ Fener , TOĞRAL Güray , GUNGOR Bedii Safak
Published: June 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to emphasize the demographic data, follow-up results and the importance of approach to

these tumors of synovial sarcoma, which is a rare tumor in the extremities.

Material and Methods: In this study, twenty patients who were operated on for extremity synovial sarcoma between

2008 and 2018 at Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic information,

surgical treatments, follow-up periods, recurrence and metastases of the patients were recorded.

Results: Twenty patients with a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma with a mean age of 32.7 (range, 13 to 66) years were included

in this study. According to the localization, it was observed that the tumors were mostly located in the thigh (25%), cruris

(25%) and ankle (25%). It was observed that the tumor size was 5 cm or more in 70% of the patients. While 55% (n=11) of

the patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis (lung), recurrence developed in 25% of the patients during follow-up.

Wide resection was performed as the primary surgical treatment in 85% of the patients, while 75% received RT, only 30%

received CT. 25% of patients died during follow-up. The mean survival time of the patients was 109.4±8.9 months. While

the 3-year survival rate was 90%, the 5-year survival rate decreased to 80%. There was no significant difference in survival

times according to gender, age, side, grade, tumor size, metastasis, RT, KT and recurrence status.

Conclusion: In conclusion, synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma with high grade and high metastasis capacity.

For understanding the characteristics of synovial sarcoma, multicenter studies with a larger number of patients are needed
Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego w państwach młodej demokracji… (analiza prawnoporównawcza)
Authors: Krawczyk Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Opracowanie stanowi wynik prawnoporównaczej analizy kierunków reform sądownictwa administracyjnego w państwach młodej demokracji: Polski, Czech, Litwy, Chorwacji, Serbii, Węgier, Ukrainy, Gruzji i Kazachstanu, w nawiązaniu do wzorów wypracowanych w starych demokracjach europejskich, głównie w Austrii i Niemczech. Wygłoszone na międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej: Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego w państwach młodej demokracji (10–11.06.2021 r. WPiA UŁ) referaty na temat reform sądownictwa administracyjnego w każdym z tych państw koncentrowały się na trzech zagadnieniach: 1) współczesne wyzwania praworządności a sądownictwo administracyjne, 2) kierunki przemian w krajowych systemach sądownictwa administracyjnego, 3) przyszłość sądownictwa administracyjnego. Treść opracowania nawiązuje do tego układu zagadnień, który odzwierciedla etapy rozwoju sądownictwa administracyjnego w państwach młodej demokracji. Płynące z przeprowadzonej analizy wnioski pokazują wyniki reform na każdym z tych etapów – od konstytucjonalizacji zasady praworządności, przez usamodzielnienie się procedury sądowoadministracyjnej, aż po etap obecnych, niezwykle trudnych wyzwań nie tylko procesowej natury.
Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego w Czechach
Authors: Kandalec Pavel
Published: June 2022

Obecny kształt sądownictwa administracyjnego w Czechach jest wynikiem zdarzeń sprzed 1 stycznia 2003 r., kiedy powstał obecny Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny. Data ta jest kluczowa, a wszystko, co wydarzyło się przed nią, należy postrzegać jako elementy historycznego rozwoju tego sądownictwa. W związku z tym w opracowaniu wyróżniono dwa okresy w historii rozwoju czeskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego: 1) działalność czechosłowackiego Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w latach 1918−1952 oraz 2) działalność sądownictwa administracyjnego w latach 1992−2002. W kolejnej części opracowania przedstawiono obecny stan czeskiego sądownictwa administracyjnego, eksponując znaczenie działalności orzeczniczej Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego oraz poczynań ustawodawcy zmierzających do likwidacji problemu przeciążenia tego sądu. Wynikiem tych działań ustawodawcy była reforma przeprowadzona w 2021 r., polegająca na ograniczeniu dostępu do sądu drugiej instancji w niektórych sprawach.
Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego w Serbii
Authors: Radošević Ratko
Published: June 2022

Sądowa kontrola administracji w Serbii ma długą, ponad 150-letnią tradycję. Początkowo kontrolę tę sprawowała Rada Stanu, zorganizowana według wzorów francuskich. Po II wojnie światowej wszelkie przejawy sądownictwa administracyjnego zniesiono, by przywrócić je już w 1952 r., kiedy to kompetencję do rozstrzygania sporów administracyjnych powierzono sądom powszechnym, które w tych sprawach orzekały w ramach specjalnych izb. Ostatnia faza rozwoju sądownictwa administracyjnego rozpoczęła się na nowo wraz z utworzeniem sądownictwa wyspecjalizowanego, a mianowicie z chwilą powołania w 2010 r. sądu administracyjnego. Sąd ten nie jest już częścią administracji, tak jak miało to miejsce przed II wojną światową, lecz częścią systemu sądownictwa. Sądowa kontrola administracji opiera się na konstytucyjnie gwarantowanym prawie do rzetelnego procesu sądowego. Oznacza to, że sąd administracyjny orzeka w rozsądnym terminie na podstawie prawa i faktów ustalonych w toku publicznej rozprawy, a jego wyrok może zostać wydany w ramach jurysdykcji ograniczonej (czego skutkiem jest wyrok kasacyjny) lub jurysdykcji pełnej (w ramach której sąd sam rozstrzyga w sprawie). Ta faza rozwoju sądowej kontroli administracji nie jest jednak zakończona, bowiem sądownictwo administracyjne w Serbii ma jednostopniową strukturę, a w związku z tym postępowanie sądowoadministracyjne jest zawsze jednoinstancyjne. Rodzi to potrzebę dalszych reform, mających na celu wprowadzenie dwuinstancyjności sądownictwa administracyjnego oraz zwiększenie jego efektywności.