bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protecting the Interests of Vulnerable Defendants in the Criminal Justice System: The New Zealand Experience
Authors: Brookbanks Warren
Published: February 2019

Approaches to the management of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) vary across jurisdictions. However, the inconsistent development and implementation of official policy has often resulted in a significant over-representation of persons with developmental difficulties in criminal justice systems worldwide. This reality led the New Zealand government in 2003 to introduce dedicated legislation recognising the special needs of offenders with an ID. The article examines the New Zealand legislative response to the challenges presented by this cohort of offenders, in the light of emerging international data of the incidence of, and official responses to, offenders with special needs. In New Zealand, the emerging problem of how to manage intellectually disabled offenders who commit serious crimes, and the legislative response to it, was driven by changes in mental health legislation in the early 1990s that had effectively disenfranchised persons with ID with challenging behaviours from regimes of supervisory care and treatment. The Intellectual Disability (Compulsory Care and Rehabilitation) Act 2003 has provided for a separate regime of compulsory care and rehabilitation that may be accessed either directly as a criminal justice disposition, following a finding of unfitness to plead or legal insanity, or as a result of transfer from the mental health or penal systems. The compulsory care regime has proven effective in addressing the needs of intellectually disabled offenders, increasing numbers of whom are young people, who would have great difficulty coping in a prison environment. The New Zealand experience contrasts with experience in other jurisdictions where offenders with an ID are often over-represented in prison statistics and subject to victimisation and abuse. The article suggests that change is clearly required as a matter of urgency to ensure that offenders with an ID are able to benefit from the positive rights guaranteed under the UN Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other rights instruments.
“Carry our colours and defend our interests under the skies of other Continents”. Argentinian Commercial aviation policy in the Peronista decade (1945–55)
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: February 2019

In the context of the challenges posed by the end of the Second World War and the early post-war period, the Argentinian governments foresaw aviation as a pillar of its national and international presence. Argentina created the Air Force, nationalised ground aerial infrastructures, placed domestic flights under state control and in 1950, all Argentinian airlines were nationalised and merged into a single state-owned enterprise: Aerolíneas Argentinas. Meanwhile, Argentinian leadership aggressively negotiated bilateral agreements. This paper analyses aviation policy (both domestic and international) of the first Peronista decade from 1945 to 1955, framing it as a response to limit USA expansion into South America, building Argentinian hegemony in the region and consolidating the ongoing process of industrialisation and economic autonomy.
Measuring and modeling human bodies with a novel relocatable mechatronic sensor-net
Authors: Li Jituo , Yu Qiwei , Xu Haocai , Lu Guodong , Zhang Dongliang
Published: February 2019

Anthropometric parameter based human modeling has been attractively explored and applied in human body related product design industries. However, how to conveniently obtain precise anthropometric parameters and how to make the human modeling results fit the anthropometric parameters well are still unsolved problems. In this paper, a smart garment attached with a mechatronic sensor-net has been designed to measure multiple body dimensions precisely and simultaneously. Geometrically, this sensor-net corresponds to a feature curve-net. A 3D human model is statistically reconstructed with body measurements initially and is further optimized with the shape constraints from the feature curve-net. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of our approach in both human body measurement and 3D human body modeling.
Modeling fiber arrangement and distribution during the roller drafting process
Authors: Sun Na , Yu Chongwen , Yang Jianping
Published: February 2019

During the spinning process, the roller drafting operation plays a significant role in attenuating the sliver to an appropriate linear density. In this study, the model of fiber arrangement was applied to simulating the roller drafting process in order to shed light on the sliver dynamic behavior in the drafting zone. The drafting process was operated from the high-velocity motion of the first accelerated fiber to the high-velocity motion of the last accelerated fiber. The proposed model showed that the simulated sliver attenuation processes were highly corresponded to the actual sliver attenuation results. In addition, the results revealed that the draft ratio, gauge length, input sliver linear density and accelerated-point distribution form had effective influences on the attenuation curves of sliver linear density, whilst the delivery speed scarcely had any effect. The fiber distributions of various forms were also investigated specifically and quantitatively from the fiber arrangement during the drafting procedure in real time. Furthermore, the sliver dynamic was also described by the mean and CV of fiber velocities within the drafting zone. The obtained simulation results demonstrated that the draft ratio, gauge length and delivery speed had a bearing on the mean velocity of fibers, while the CV of fiber velocities was significantly influenced by the draft ratio, gauge length and input sliver linear density. Besides, the distribution pattern has a valuable contribution to the mean and CV of fiber velocities. In consequence, the new drafting model was validated to be effective in quantizing the drafting process.
The hybrids of Claudio Magris
Authors: Dobozy Tamas
Published: February 2019

This essay argues that Claudio Magris’s early novels, Inferences from a Sabre (1991), and A Different Sea (1993), deliberately mingle genres in order to disrupt systems of knowing, and the power they enforce. While both novels treat different subject matter, they have a shared concern with the application of texts to life, deploying a range of genres – biography and autobiography, letters, the novel, the philosophical and scholarly essay and historiography – in bringing their stories to the reader. The ruptures between these genres disclose Magris’s interest in structures of knowing, the work of genre in enforcing a certain world view, and the importance of the capacity – derived from his interest in the ‘Habsburger Mythos’ – to accommodate intra-generic variance, multiplicity, even contradiction, instantiating an unsettled writing, somewhere on the border between certainty and doubt. Magris’s work with genre is thus not only aesthetic, but political, recalling a lost vision of European organization and inter-working.
Chlamydia trachomatis in women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): report from a tertiary center in eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal B , Siwakoti S , Uprety D , Poudyal N , Sharma A , Bhattarai NR
Published: February 2019

Chlamydia trachomatis is an important agent of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) globally. Laboratory diagnosis, which is vital for early and appropriate treatment, remains a challenge in resource-limited settings. Our study was undertaken to detect C. trachomatis in women with clinical features of PID. Three endocervical swabs, each obtained from 100 women clinically diagnosed with PID, were subjected to C. trachomatis antigen detection, microscopy and bacteriological culture. Logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors associated with PID. C. trachomatis antigen was present in 6%. The use of hormonal contraception, previous history of PID and a smoking habit were found to have statistically significant association in those who tested positive. Adjunctive use of rapid Chlamydia antigen test with a routinely practiced syndromic approach is beneficial for timely and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in women with PID.
Training of bilingual school psychologists in the United States: A culturally and linguistically responsive approach
Authors: Ding Yi , Cho Su-Je , Wang Jiayi , Yu Qiong
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to discuss the need for high-quality professional training of bilingual school psychologists and to describe the structure of a bilingual training program housed at Fordham University in the US. This paper discusses the shortage of school psychologists at national and local levels in the United States and then addresses the acute shortage of bilingual school psychologists in culturally and linguistically diverse urban schools. The article provides a review of relevant research and practice for bilingual school psychologists through the perspective of Fordham University's curriculum, competencies, fieldwork, and internship. The authors identify challenges and potential opportunities to enhance culturally and linguistically responsive training of school psychologists. Applications for global school psychology practice are discussed, and limitations are addressed.
Longitudinal influences of depressive moods on problematic mobile phone use and negative school outcomes among Korean adolescents
Authors: Jun Sangmin
Published: February 2019

The study aimed to examine the longitudinal causal relationships of depressive moods, problematic mobile phone use, and negative school outcomes based on the cognitive-behavioral model among Korean adolescents. The changes within each construct over time were also explored. A total of 1,610 valid responses from three-year longitudinal data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were analysed and multivariate latent growth modeling was used. Depressive moods, problematic mobile phone use, and negative school outcomes at earlier ages each increased in severity across the three years. Initial levels of depressive moods increased initial levels of problematic mobile phone use and negative school outcomes, including changed rates of negative school outcomes. Additionally, changed rates of depressive moods positively predicted changed rates of problematic mobile phone use and negative school outcomes. Lastly, initial levels and changed rates of problematic mobile phone use predicted initial levels and changed rates of negative school outcomes respectively. Implications of the findings in the context of adolescents' psychological problems and problematic mobile phone use are discussed.
Current Smoking: An Independent Predictor of Elevated A1C in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dinardo Monica M. , Sereika Susan M. , Korytkowski Mary , Baniak Lynn M. , Weinzierl Valarie A. , Hoenstine Amy L. , Chasens Eileen R.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the association of current smoking as one of several potential predictors of elevated A1C in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, baseline data (N = 282) were analyzed from a randomized clinical trial examining treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in persons with T2D. Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected using questionnaires and physical examinations. Physical activity (mean daily steps walked) was measured with the BodyMedia Armband. Participants were asked if they never smoked, had previously smoked, or currently smoke. The sample distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics were examined using descriptive statistics. Continuous variables were described using means and standard deviations; categorical variables were described as numbers and percentages. Multiple linear regression analysis with backward selection was conducted to develop a parsimonious predictive model for the dependent variable A1C.

Results

Participants were generally middle-aged and, on average, obese with suboptimal blood glucose control; almost 1 of every 5 participants currently smoked. After controlling for age, race, education, financial difficulty, diabetes education, physical activity, and diabetes knowledge, 4 variables were found in the final model to be independently associated with higher A1C: (1) current smoking status, (2) younger age, (3) longer diabetes duration, and (4) higher diabetes-related distress.

Conclusions

The study found that not only is smoking prevalent among persons with T2D with self-reported sleep problems but smoking is also an independent predictor of elevated A1C. The results highlight the vital role diabetes educators have in promoting risk reduction through education and support for smoking cessation.
Spontaneous pneumothorax in the elderly: a sign of a malignancy?
Authors: Kolbas Ilker , Evman Serdar , Tezel Cagatay , Citak Sevinc , Kanbur Metin Serda , Alpay Levent , Kiral Hakan , Baysungur Volkan
Published: February 2019

Background

Spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs as a result of rupture of a subpleural bleb or emphysematous bulla. Spontaneous pneumothorax, which is more common in younger age groups, might be the first sign of pulmonary malignancy, especially when it manifests in older patients.

Methods

Data of all patients who were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax in our clinic between June 2013 and June 2017 were examined retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, diagnostic methods, pathologic subtypes, and treatment protocols applied in patients diagnosed with malignancy during the treatment period were investigated.

Results

Out of 1187 patients, 9 (0.8%) had incidental pulmonary malignancies. Metastatic lung cancer was detected in 2 of 9 patients, while primary lung cancer was detected in the other 7. Six patients were operated on and the other 3 were referred for oncologic treatment for various reasons.

Conclusions

We suggest that cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in advanced age should be evaluated in a more detailed fashion, and further investigations should be carried out with suspicion of an underlying pulmonary malignancy.
Appointment utilization as a trigger for palliative care introduction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nenova Zlatana , Hotchkiss John
Published: February 2019

Background:

Chronic kidney disease palliative care guidelines would benefit from more diverse and objectively defined health status measures.

Aim:

The aim is to identify high-risk patients from administrative data and facilitate timely and uniform palliative care involvement.

Design:

It is a retrospective cohort study.

Setting/participants:

In total, 45,368 Veterans, with chronic kidney disease Stage 3, 4, or 5, were monitored for up to 6 years and categorized into three groups, based on whether they died, started dialysis, or avoided both outcomes.

Results:

Patient’s appointment utilization was a significant predictor for both outcomes. It separated individuals into low, medium, and high appointment utilizers. Among the low appointment utilizers, the risk of death did not change significantly, while the risk of dialysis increased. Medium appointment utilizers had a stable risk of death and a decreasing risk of dialysis. Significant appointment utilization (above 31 visits during the baseline year) helped high-risk patients avoid both outcomes of interest—death and dialysis.

Conclusion:

Our model could justify the creation of a novel palliative care introduction trigger, as patients with medium demand for care may benefit from additional palliative care evaluation. The trigger could facilitate the uniformization of conservative treatment preparations. It could prompt messages to a managing physician when a patient crosses the threshold between low and medium appointment utilization. It may also aid in system-level policy development. Furthermore, our results highlight the benefit of significant appointment utilization among high-risk patients.
Microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the vascular evaluation after pancreas transplantation: a single-center experience
Authors: Berstad Audun E , Brabrand Knut , Horneland Rune , Syversveen Trygve , Haugaa Håkon , Jenssen Trond G , Foss Aksel
Published: February 2019

Background

Arterial and venous thrombosis are feared complications of pancreas transplantation (PTx). Microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that can augment diagnostic capabilities of transplant organ perfusion.

Purpose

To document the state to which CEUS can improve the vascular evaluation of PTx compared to conventional Doppler ultrasound (US) directly after surgery.

Material and Methods

A total of 129 consecutive PTx in 128 adult patients were eligible for inclusion. The duodenal segment of the graft was anastomosed to the native duodenum. Within 12 h postoperatively, graft circulation was monitored by Doppler US in 116 PTx performed in 116 patients (69 men, 47 women; mean age =41 years). CEUS was performed with a sulfur hexafluoride-containing contrast agent (SonoVue) intravenously if the examiner was not able to confirm normal graft circulation. Image quality was documented by two independent observers on a 4-point scale: 1 = excellent; 2 = minor diagnostic limitations; 3 = major diagnostic limitations; and 4 = non-diagnostic.

Results

In the early postoperative phase, 79 (68%) of 116 PTx were examined with Doppler US only. Of these, 52 were of excellent quality (grade 1), 22 of good quality (grade 2), and five were of grade 3 or 4 quality. Thirty-seven (32%) examinations were supplemented by CEUS. CEUS significantly improved examination quality compared to Doppler US alone (median visualization score 1.5 vs. 2.5, respectively; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

CEUS can significantly improve vascular evaluation of PTx compared to Doppler US alone in the early postoperative phase.
How the Blind Hear Colour
Authors: Saysani Armin
Published: February 2019

Crossmodal correspondences between seemingly independent sensory modalities are often observed in normal participants. For instance, colours commonly map consistently onto pure tones. In this study, we investigated colour-tone mapping in both normal trichromats and in people with congenital blindness. Participants were asked to match tones of differing pitch to named colours. In both cases, the tones selected varied consistently with the colour. The blind responses were similar to those of the trichromats, except in the case of red and green; the blind did not differentiate these colours, whereas the trichromats associated red with a higher tone and green with a lower tone. Otherwise, the results are consistent with a well-established association between pitch and lightness, with lighter colours associated with higher tones, and darker colours with lower tones. Because the blind never had any sensory experience of colour, their matching of colour to pitch is most likely based on semantic understanding.
Frequency and clinical spectrum of in-flight medical incidents during domestic and international flights
Authors: Epstein Catherine R , Forbes James M , Futter Christopher L , Hosegood Ian M , Brown Russell G , Van Zundert Andre AJ
Published: February 2019

Most medical practitioners are not specifically trained to diagnose or manage in-flight medical incidents, yet there may occur a moral obligation to do so when least expected. We felt that knowledge of the frequency of emergency versus non-serious medical incidents, in addition to the clinical spectrum of incidents most often encountered, would be of interest to medical practitioners and, in particular, critical care physicians, who happen to find themselves asked to assist with such events. To this end we collaborated with the Department of Medical Services of a major Australian airline to define the incidence, severity, and type of all in-flight medical events encountered over the course of a year’s flights. We audited in-flight medical data collected over a continuous 12-month period, which covered 131,890 international and domestic flight sectors transporting more than 27 million passengers. There was an average of 296 medical events per month (3555 in total) making the per-flight incidence of a medical event approximately 1:40 (2.7%). Of these in-flight incidents, 915 (26%) were graded as emergencies, with the commonest descriptors of such incidents being either loss of consciousness (37%) or a suspected cardiovascular event (12%). Six of these 915 emergencies proved fatal. Twenty-one flights were diverted due to medical incidents (<0.016% of all flights), with 52% of these attributed to suspected cardiac events. In this series, medical in-flight events were recorded in approximately one in 40 flights, whereas medical emergencies occurred in approximately one in 150 flights.
A case series of anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine-impregnated central venous catheters in cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Baird Peter A , Cokis Chris J
Published: February 2019

We report a case series of anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine-coated central venous catheters (CVCs) when used in cardiac surgical patients in our institution. Our experience, together with increasing reports of anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine-coated CVCs from other sources indicates that chlorhexidine-coated CVCs are not without additional risk.

Attempts to lower rates of catheter-related bloodstream infection has led to the widespread adoption of chlorhexidine-coated CVCs in the perioperative and critical care setting, including for routine cardiac surgery. However, closer scrutiny indicates that there is lack of strong evidence demonstrating a meaningful reduction in rates of sepsis or serious morbidity, especially with CVC dwell times of less than seven days. Given the lack of clear benefit, we recommend non-coated CVCs for routine cardiac surgery, with even consideration for chlorhexidine-coated CVCs when specifically indicated for patients at high risk of CVC infection.
‘Of the People’: A brief anatomy of an archetypal nationalism
Authors: McNamara John
Published: February 2019

The Weberian ideal-type assists a nation in symbolising its agenda to itself and ensuring the continued maintenance of the national ideal. The heroic figure and ideal-type American, embodied by the ‘Founding Fathers’, was and is central to American Nationalism. Weber viewed this type of charismatic authority as unsustainable beyond the period of crisis (revolution), primarily because it is not conducive to regular economic activity. The United States however, passed from charismatic authority, relatively seamlessly, to a rational form of authority while retaining its charismatic leadership in the shape of their communal national heroic icons – the Founding Fathers. Weber's conception of Charisma is analysed here in relation to the American Revolution and the Founding Fathers and is further interrogated through Hannah Arendt's analysis of revolution and the instigation of what she referred to as a ‘pathos of novelty’ that predominates successful revolutions and the perpetuation of national ideals and values therein.
Delivery of End-of-Life Care in Patients Requesting Withdrawal of a Left Ventricular Assist Device Using Intranasal Opioids and Benzodiazepines
Authors: Wiens Evan J. , Pilkey Jana , Wong Jonathan K.
Published: February 2019

With the increasing prevalence of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in patients with end-stage cardiomyopathies, an increasing number of these patients are dying of noncardiac conditions. It is likely that the palliative care clinician will have an ever-increasing role in managing end of life for patients with LVADs, including discontinuation of LVAD support. There exists a paucity of literature describing strategies for effective delivery of palliative care in patients requesting discontinuation of LVAD therapy. Here, we present a case of a patient with metastatic cancer who requested LVAD discontinuation. Because of practical concerns and patient preference, the patient did not have intravenous (IV) access and medications requiring IV administration could not be used. Therefore, a strategy using intranasal midazolam and sufentanil was applied, the LVAD was deactivated, and the patient died comfortably. This case is, to our knowledge, the first to describe a strategy for delivery of palliative care in patients requesting discontinuation of LVAD support, particularly in the absence of IV access. Such a strategy may be applicable to patients wishing to die at home, and therefore allow greater latitude for patients and clinicians in their approach to the end of life.
A Regional, Cost-Effective, Collaborative Model for Critical Care Fellows’ Ultrasonography Education
Authors: Patrawalla Paru , Narasimhan Mangala , Eisen Lewis , Shiloh Ariel L. , Koenig Seth , Mayo Paul
Published: February 2019

Objective:

Training in critical care ultrasonography is an essential tool in critical care medicine and recommended for fellowship programs in pulmonary and critical care medicine. Major barriers to implementing competency-based training in individual fellowship programs include a lack of expert faculty, time, and funding. Our objective was to investigate whether regional collaboration to deliver an introductory critical care ultrasonography course for fellows might overcome these barriers while achieving international training standards.

Methods:

This was a retrospective review of course evaluation and learner assessment data from a 3-day ultrasonography course between 2012 and 2017. All critical care fellows (n = 545) attending the course completed pre- and postcourse surveys and postcourse knowledge and technical skills tests. Evaluation of educational outcomes was performed based on the Kirkpatrick model.

Results:

Fellows reported minimal prior formal training in ultrasonography, and ultrasound-guided vascular access was the most common area of prior training. The course was a blended model of didactic lectures coordinated with real-time demonstration scanning using live models, hands-on training on human models and task trainers, and interpretation of ultrasonography images with a wide range of pathology. Course content included basic echocardiography and general critical care ultrasonography (lung, pleural, vascular diagnostic, vascular access, and abdominal ultrasonography). At the conclusion of the course, fellows demonstrated high levels of knowledge and skill competence on a previously validated assessment tool and significantly improved confidence in all content areas. Barriers to training at individual programs were overcome through faculty cooperation, faculty development, and cost sharing. Success of this model is supported by the sustained growth of this course.

Conclusions:

A regional collaborative model for training fellows in ultrasonography is a feasible, efficient, and flexible model for delivering curricula, where expertise at individual programs is not routinely available.
Children’s active participation during meals in Early Childhood and Care Institutions
Authors: Glaser Vibeke
Published: February 2019

The meal in Early Childhood and Care Institutions is often characterized by routines and rules determined by adults. This, if correct, is not in line with today’s ideals about children’s involvement and active participation. In this article I argue for children’s active participation, which is a key prerequisite in the understanding of seeing meals as a democratic arena. Next, I review the theoretical work on how Early Childhood and Care Institutions staff can arrange for meals to be characterized by children’s participation and active exploration.
Refractory lupus nephritis: a survey
Authors: Weidenbusch M , Bai Y , Eder J , Anders H J ,   for the Lupus Nephritis Trials Network
Published: February 2019

‘Refractory lupus nephritis’ is a frequently used term but poorly defined. We conducted a survey among nephrologists and rheumatologists to spot the diversity of perceptions of this term and to better understand the clinical practice related to ‘refractory lupus nephritis’. A total of 145 questionnaires completed by lupus nephritis experts were available for analysis, of which 52% were nephrologists, 34% rheumatologists, and 13% internists. Response to induction treatment was mostly assessed after six months (58%), but assessment at three months was more common with the use of the EURO lupus protocol than with other treatment protocols. Rheumatologists used urinary sediment to assess response more frequently than nephrologists (66 vs. 48%, p < 0.05, Chi2), while nephrologists conversely relied significantly more on clinical symptoms (61 vs. 31%, p < 0.0001, Chi2). Non-nephrologists quantified proteinuria preferentially by 24 h urine sampling, while the majority of nephrologists relied on the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) or the albumin/creatinine ratio of spot urine samples (59 vs. 38%, p < 0.05, Chi2). A total of 91% were concerned about persistent immunological systemic lupus erythematosus activity. There was less concern about drug adherence, renal scarring, genetic factors or other kidney diseases. Less than 20% check for drug adherence by regularly monitoring drug plasma levels. Nephrologists considered a re-biopsy more often than rheumatologists (58 vs. 38%, p < 0.05, Chi2). Together, among lupus nephritis experts there is considerable diversity in the perception of what the term ‘refractory lupus nephritis’ describes and how it is defined. A consensus definition of ‘refractory lupus nephritis’ is needed.
Optimization and performance analysis of magnetorheological fluid damper considering different piston configurations
Authors: Nie Song-lin , Xin De-kui , Ji Hui , Yin Fang-long
Published: February 2019

This article presents the design and multi-physics coupling analysis of a shear-valve-mode magnetorheological fluid damper with different piston configurations. The finite element model is built to study the effects of the shape of the piston slot and magnetism-insulators at both ends of the piston yoke on the performance of the magnetorheological damper. Particle swarm optimization and finite element simulation are combined to optimize the structural parameters of the magnetorheological damper. The influences of different piston configurations on the magnetic flux density in the working gap, the shear stress, the viscous stress, and the dynamic range are investigated. The simulation results reveal that the magnetorheological damper, in which the corners of the piston slot are chamfered and the edges of the magnetism-insulators are filleted, exhibits a better damping performance. Furthermore, magnetorheological dampers with and without magnetism-insulators are fabricated. The influences of control current, displacement, and velocity on the mechanical performance of the magnetorheological dampers are experimentally investigated, and the experiment results are in accordance with the theoretical derivation and finite element simulation results.
Team Dispersion and Performance: The Role of Team Communication and Transformational Leadership
Authors: Eisenberg Julia , Post Corinne , DiTomaso Nancy
Published: February 2019

Organizations increasingly rely on virtual teams to access geographically dispersed expertise. Yet, team dispersion introduces challenges to team communication that may negatively influence team performance. Using a sample of 53 innovation teams representing a variety of geographic dispersion configurations from completely collocated to highly dispersed, we examined the moderating role of transformational leadership on the relationship between team dispersion, team communication, and team performance. Our findings suggest that while transformational leadership is effective in reducing the negative effects of dispersion in collocated teams or ones with low levels of geographic dispersion, it is less effective helping improve the performance of highly dispersed teams. This effect may be due to a transformational leader’s difficulty in facilitating team communication in highly dispersed teams, where his or her influence might actually have counterproductive effects. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory, future research, and practice.
What We Do: Greater Palatine Medializing Foraminal Osteotomy for Repair of the Wide Cleft Palate
Authors: Pezas Theodore , Khan Khurram , Richard Bruce
Published: February 2019

Wide cleft palates (>15-mm gap) present a number of challenges to the surgeon tasked with their repair ( Bardach, 1999 ). Eliminating the need for secondary surgery due to fistula formation can reduce additional anesthetic and scarring risks and optimize early speech development. Greater palatine foraminal osteotomy is a useful surgical adjunct that allows additional medial movement of oral mucoperiosteal flaps to aid in tension-free closure of the oral layer. We use a technique similar to that described by Seibert in 1995 with a few modifications. Closure of the nasal layer in these wide clefts can be achieved using a sphenoid flap, a technique recently published by our unit ( Khan et al, 2018 ).
Pivots and Pirouettes: Carefully Turning Traditions
Authors: Ulmer Jasmine Brooke
Published: February 2019

There are many ways to frame how and why we go about research, particularly when it comes to unsettling traditions. From the beginning of our studies, we can be encouraged (or even required) to situate our contributions within gaps, or deficits, in the existing literature. This teaches us to launch our work on the limitations of others. As an alternative, I wonder how scholarship might turn on its own merits, instead. I suggest that care and gratitude offer two important possibilities.
Complexity below, complexity above: Intra-class conflict, immigration imaginaries, and elite alliances in the Arizona–Mexico borderlands
Authors: Michalowski Raymond , Solop Frederic I
Published: February 2019

This article develops an interdisciplinary, relational approach to political power as a theoretical framework for analyzing how grassroots immigration activists interact with and influence elites responsible for constructing immigration policy. We illuminate this theoretical approach with examples from ethnographic field research with pro- and anti-immigration grassroots activists in southern Arizona to show how competing narrative frames about the border are used by grassroots actors as part of their efforts to influence elite policy-making. We conclude that shifts in US immigration policy have been shaped by intra-class, racialized, conflicts between pro- and anti-immigration factions within the working class, and vertical alliances between elite factions from above and working-class factions from below. We suggest that the criminology of mobility can be advanced by utilizing an interdisciplinary, relational theory of political power to examine how intra-class struggle and inter-class alliances dynamically shape immigration narratives and policies.
Administering faith: Does the religious institution administering a school influence educational achievement?
Authors: Drew Joseph , Kortt Michael A. , Bec Alexandra
Published: February 2019

Australia’s education landscape is almost unique among developed nations in having a high proportion of students taught at non-government schools by a diverse range of religious providers, which receive relatively high levels of government funding. It therefore offers the ideal setting for a study on the outcomes achieved by students at schools administered by the major faith providers relative to their peers in government institutions. We take advantage of a six-year panel of nationwide academic test data, along with a comprehensive suite of control variables, to test whether there are differences in average school performance. We find strong evidence to suggest that significant differences in achievement exist between various faith-based providers that cannot be explained solely with reference to educational advantage and prior performance.
Vibration power flow characteristics of the whole-spacecraft with a nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Zhang Ye-Wei , Zhou Lin , Wang Shuo , Yang Tian-Zhi , Chen Li-Qun
Published: February 2019

The power flow analysis approach is applied for quantitatively evaluating the dynamic performance of a nonlinear energy sink in the frequency domain. A two-degree-of-freedom model of the whole-spacecraft coupled to a nonlinear energy sink is considered. Analytical approximations and numerical integrations are performed for the integrated system. The time-averaged input and dissipated and absorbed powers of the system are formulated. Power absorption ratio is proposed as the vibration reduction performance indicator of the nonlinear energy sink and is compared with kinetic energy of the oscillator. Results show that the power absorption ratio of nonlinear energy sink is high at all frequencies except at an antiresonance region. The effects of varying nonlinear energy sink parameters on its vibration absorption performance are discussed. As observed, the nonlinear energy sink performs well with the increase in viscous damping of nonlinear energy sink in the high-frequency range. However, the nonlinear energy sink performs poorly in the low-frequency range in the same case. Therefore, power flow analysis can provide great insight for nonlinear energy sink design in frequency domain and is suitable for practical engineering application.
An effective modification of He’s variational approach to a nonlinear oscillator
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Bibi Mairaj , Naz Mehvish , Fayyaz Rabia
Published: February 2019

This paper is concerned with the application of the variational principle to nonlinear oscillators with fractional power. In the proposed approach, high-order trial solutions are assumed with unknown parameters that are estimated using conditions by the variational theory. To perform integration in the proposed approach, linearization of the nonlinear term is carried out for simple calculation. The proposed approach delivered an estimate of the oscillator frequency with a relative error as small as 0.009%.
The concept of belonging: Critical, normative and multicultural
Authors: Chin Clayton
Published: February 2019

Contemporary diversity politics is mobilized around debates on the effects of diversity on political community and cohesion. However, social and political theory are deeply divided on the relation between that diversity, liberal–democratic citizenship, multiculturalism and social cohesion. This article argues that a focus on the concept of belonging, which is often employed but rarely examined in detail, illustrates the critical–normative divide between social and political theory. Further, it argues that each has a partial account of belonging that fails to account for the multidimensional and complex nature of diverse belonging today. Instead, it sketches a theory of ‘multicultural-belonging’, which unites the critical and normative approaches and offers key insights going forward in the analysis of diversity, citizenship and multiculturalism.
MicroRNA-143 is Associated With Pathological Complete Response and Regulates Multiple Signaling Proteins in Breast Cancer
Authors: García-Vázquez Raúl , Marchat Laurence A. , Ruíz-García Erika , Astudillo-de la Vega Horacio , Meneses-García Abelardo , Arce-Salinas Claudia , Bargallo-Rocha Enrique , Carlos-Reyes Ángeles , López-González José Sullivan , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Ramos-Payán Rosalío , Aguilar-Medina Maribel , López-Camarillo César
Published: February 2019

Almost 55% to 80% of patients with breast cancer have an unfavorable pathological complete response to chemotherapy. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in cancer progression; however, their utility as predictors of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. Here, we investigated if miR-143 could discriminate between pathological complete response and no-polymerase chain reaction of patients with locally advanced triple negative breast cancer that have received a fluorouracil-cisplatin/paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant treatment. Data showed that miR-143 exhibited a significant low expression ( P < .0006) in patients that achieved pathological complete response in comparison to nonresponder group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that miR-143 could be a good predictor of pathological complete response (area under curve = 0.849, P < .0006). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that before neoadjuvant therapy low levels of miR-143 were associated to increased disease free survival. To gain insights into cellular functions of miR-143, we firstly showed that miR-143 was severely repressed in breast cancer cell lines and tumors in comparison to normal mammary cells and tissues. Ectopic restoration of miR-143 using RNA mimics inhibited both cell proliferation and migration and sensitized breast cancer cells to cisplatin therapy in vitro. To decipher the signaling networks regulated by miR-143, we used a high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based phosphorylation antibody array. Phospho-proteomic profiling revealed that miR-143 coordinately reduced the protein levels and phosphorylation status of multiple oncoproteins involved in AKT, WNT/β-catenin, SAPK/JNK, FAK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, low miR-143 and high GSK3-β, RAF1, paxillin, and p21CIP1 expression levels in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer were associated with worst outcome. In summary, miR-143 could be a potential predictor of response to neoadjuvant therapy and it may function as a divergent regulator of diverse signaling networks to suppress cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer.
Innovative Arterial Duplex Examination: A Guide to Evaluate Flow in the Foot Using Pedal Acceleration Time
Authors: Sommerset Jill , Teso Desarom , Feliciano Beejay , Vea Yolanda , Sentman Michelle , Zimmerman Natalie , Nyholm Calli , Honl Rachel , Karmy-Jones Riyad
Published: February 2019

Evaluation of the pedal arteries has not been well evaluated by noninvasive duplex ultrasound. It offers an alternative approach that directly studies the angiosome supply of the foot. The goal of this article is to describe the technique, protocol, and criteria to properly evaluate the pedal arteries of the foot with noninvasive duplex ultrasound.
Robotic-Assisted Transrectal Cholecystectomy in a Porcine Model
Authors: Foo Chi-Chung , Yeung Chung-Kwong , Sreedhar Biji , Cheung Jo Lai-Ken , Law Wai-Lun
Published: February 2019

Background. With increasing experience and technological advancement in surgical instruments, surgeons have explored the feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). These techniques aim to further reduce surgical trauma, but are not popular due to their inherent pitfalls including clashing of instruments, lack of counter traction, lengthy operating time, and so on. A novel surgical robotic system was designed to overcome the limitations of the existing technologies. Animal trials were conducted to demonstrate its feasibility in performing robotic-assisted transrectal cholecystectomy in a porcine model. Method. The Novel surgical robotic system is a high dexterity, single access port surgical robotic system that enables surgeons to carry out single-port surgical procedure or NOTES. The proposed system’s main features include the ability to perform intraabdominal and pelvic surgeries via natural orifices like the vagina or rectum. The system is equipped with multiple miniaturized (16 mm diameter) internally motorized robotic arms, each with a minimum of 7 degrees of freedom, a dual in vivo camera system, a cannula, and an external swivel system. Results. Robotic-assisted transrectal cholecystectomy was successfully performed in 3 adult male pigs. The estimated blood loss was <10 mL in all 3 cases. There were no intraoperative complications. The system provided good dexterity and clear vision. Conclusions. The trial demonstrated that the system can provide the surgeon a stable platform with adequate spacing for the transrectal insertion of robotic arms, 3-dimensional vision, and enhanced dexterity in performing NOTES cholecystectomy.
From Racial Resistance to Racial Consciousness: Engaging White STEM Faculty in Pedagogical Transformation
Authors: Haynes Chayla , Patton Lori D.
Published: February 2019

Professor Arnie Copper is among the many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty who view the learning of STEM curriculum as an intellectual exercise that is race-neutral. In this case, the authors use the White Racial Consciousness and Faculty Behavior model to illustrate how racially minoritized students can experience the classrooms of White STEM faculty who fail to see connections between their teaching, course content, and racial justice. Institutional leaders and faculty developers can use this case to generate a timely critique of the enduring racism shaping higher education and fostering hostile learning conditions on college campuses.
Safety and Efficacy of Ketamine Versus Ketamine-Fentanyl-Dexmedetomidine Combination for Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rats
Authors: Li Chunzhu , Peng Jiali , Hu Rong , Yan Jia , Sun Yu , Zhang Lei , Liu Wenbin , Jiang Hong
Published: February 2019

Ketamine (KET), a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, is most frequently used as an anesthetic, analgesic, and sedative drug in pediatric clinical practices. However, the adverse effects of KET administration such as psychotic episodes limited the use of KET. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the addition of small doses of fentanyl (FENT) and dexmedetomidine would reduce the overall KET consumption without concession on the safety and efficacy of anesthesia and analgesia in rats. We compared the effects of KET (50 mg/kg) administration alone and KET (25 mg/kg) combined with FENT (0.005 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.05 mg/kg) (KFD) on the times of onset and duration of anesthesia and analgesia. Compared with the KET group, the KFD group provides similar onset time of anesthesia, but longer duration of anesthesia, and better analgesic effect. Unlike the KET group, the KFD group had a lower heart rate and higher respiratory rate. Meanwhile, KFD induced markedly changes in the electroencephalography (EEG) spectral power when compared with control and KET. Furthermore, combination of FENT and dexmedetomidine alleviated the liver toxicity of KET. These results indicated that, when compared with KET alone, the administration of KFD combination offered safer and more efficient anesthesia.