bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial dossiê "Prova penal: fundamentos epistemológicos e jurídicos"
Authors: Badaró Gustavo
Published: March 2018

Introduzindo a exposição sobre a temática do dossiê “Prova Penal: fundamentos epistemológicos e jurídicos”, este editorial expõe algumas premissas sobre o juízo fático e seu caráter epistemológico no processo penal, abordando questões como a busca pela verdade, os critérios de valoração, a admissibilidade de provas científicas e as teorias sobre juízos de probabilidade na valoração probatória.
¿ES APLICABLE EL SISTEMA ATLS A LA CIRUGIA TAURINA?
Authors: Tallón Aguilar Luis , López Bernal Francisco de Asis , Sousa Vaquero Jose María , Pareja Ciuró Felipe , Mulet Zayas Octavio , Padillo Ruiz Francisco Javier
Published: March 2018

Health care in bullfights has its own idiosyncrasy due to causative agent and mechanism of injury. Basic principles ofATLS (Advance Trauma Life Supports) provide a frame of reference for evaluation and treatment. Its application inaltered environments and with limited resources forces us to adapt them to specific circumstances. A critical attitude isimportant by identifying critical points or areas for improvement to ensure their capabilities and limitations. Our objectiveis to perform a review of characteristics of these patients to demonstrate their applicability and validity. The priorityis to save the life of patient, once placed outside the danger area (exposure to bull), being sometimes difficult a correctimmobilizing or cervical control. It has the advantage that medical staff witnesses the trauma which allows him to havea preconceived idea of possible injuries. The professional bullfighter is really an athlete, usually young, healthy and withadequate physical preparation, which means that he does not present early signs of shock and his blood pressure is usuallylow. We believe, based on our experience that the ATLS system is applicable to Taurine Surgery and it is necessary toconsider some of its own characteristics. Los cuidados sanitarios en los festejos taurinos presentan una idiosincrasia propia debido al agente causante y al mecanismode producción de las lesiones. Los principios básicos del ATLS (Advance Trauma Life Supports) proporcionanun marco de referencia para la evaluación y tratamiento de éstas que pueden poner en riesgo la vida del paciente. Suaplicación en ambientes alterados y con recursos limitados nos obliga a adaptarlos a unas circunstancias específicas. Esimportante una actitud crítica identificando los puntos críticos o áreas de mejora para asegurar sus capacidades y sus limitaciones.Nuestro objetivo es realizar una revisión de las características de estos pacientes para demostrar su aplicabilidady validez. La prioridad es salvar la vida del paciente, una vez puesto fuera del área de peligro (exposición al toro) siendodifícil en ocasiones una inmovilización y un control cervical correcto. Dispone de la ventaja de que el personal médicopresencia el trauma lo que le permite tener una idea preconcebida de las posibles lesiones. El torero profesional es realmenteun atleta, habitualmente joven, sano y con una adecuada preparación física, lo que conlleva que no presente signosprecoces de shock y su presión arterial sea usualmente baja. Creemos, basándonos en nuestra experiencia, que el sistemaATLS es aplicable a la Cirugía Taurina siendo necesario considerar algunas características propias.
Job Satisfaction and Burnout Among Nonclinical Workers in a Medical Education Center
Authors: Ofei-Dodoo Samuel , Scripter Cassie , Kellerman Rick
Published: March 2018

Background and Objectives: Research into the rates of burnout among nonclinical workers is nonexistent at medical education centers (MECs). The first goal of this study was to explore the prevalence of burnout among nonclinical faculty and staff working at a local MEC. The second goal was to identify predictors of burnout using job satisfaction dimensions—supervision, coworkers, contingency rewards, and nature of work.
Methods: The study included a convenience sample of 95 nonclinical faculty and staff working at a local MEC. Data from these workers were collected between December 2016 and January 2017. The Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (AMBI) was used to measure burnout while a modified Spector’s Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) was used to measure participants’ job satisfaction. The authors correlated the dimensions of the AMBI and JSS. They also conducted multiple regression analysis using the four dimensions of JSS to determine predictors of participant burnout.
Results: The data showed that 1% of the 95 respondents reported high burnout and 35% reported medium burnout on the scale. Correlation coefficient showed that job satisfaction and burnout strongly and negatively correlated (r[93]=-.66; P<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that nature of work (β=-.49) and coworkers (β=-.30) were significant predictors of burnout (R=0.74; F[4, 90]=26.81; P<.001).
Conclusions: Nonclinical workers at a local MEC were generally satisfied with their job and showed a moderate degree of burnout. Compared to the general population, our sample reported less burnout.
Genotoxicity and histopathological assessment of silver nanoparticles in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Iyiola Oluyinka A , Olafimihan Temitope F.
Published: March 2018

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial and medical applications. However, there is a growing concern about the potentialities of AgNPs to induce genotoxicity and DNA damage in humans. In this study, genotoxic and histopathological effects of AgNPs were investigated in mice using two well-characterized genetic assays: mouse bone marrow micronuclei (MN) and mouse sperm morphology assays. Swiss albino mice (total N=18) were exposed to varying concentrations (3,000mg/Kg, 4,000mg/Kg, 5,000mg/Kg and 6,000mg/Kg) of AgNPs for 5 consecutive days and observed for 30 days afterwards. Distilled water and colchicine were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The MN assay showed that the frequency of micronuclei induction increased with AgNP concentration. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were observed for the micronucleus frequency in the blood erythrocytes in all the test concentrations. Sperm head morphology assay also revealed various types of abnormal sperm head morphology and there was statistically significant increase in frequency of sperm abnormalities. Histopathological profiles of the liver also showed enlarge sinusoids, irregular portal tract, and dose-dependent vacuolation. These results suggest that AgNPs is genotoxic and represent a serious health risk to human heatlh.
Initial limnological observations at five small lakes in southern Pacific Costa Rica
Authors: Horn Sally P. , Johanson Erik N. , Haberyan Kurt A. , Boehm Mathew S. , Johanson Jessie L. , Sánchez P. Maureen , Hernández V. Mario
Published: March 2018

Costa Rica has hundreds of lakes, many of which have never been described or sampled by limnologists. Here we summarize initial observations of five small (0.2–1.7ha) lakes located at low elevation (365–490m) in the cantón of Buenos Aries. We collected basic limnological data and samples during visits in 2013 and 2014, and compiled environmental and archaeological data for their surroundings as a contribution to the documentation of lake diversity in Costa Rica, and to support parallel investigations of indicators of environmental history preserved in the sediments of the lakes. Lagunas Carse, Los Mangos, Danta, and Ojo de Agua all appear to owe their origin to landslide events, while Laguna Junquillo is an artificial impoundment. Radiocarbon dates on plant macrofossils near the bases of sediment cores from three of the natural lakes provide minimum ages for lake formation; results indicate that Laguna Los Mangos formed over 4 100 years ago, while Laguna Danta formed prior to 1 320 CE and Laguna Carse formed ca. 1 550 CE, near the time of the Spanish Conquest. More than two dozen archaeological sites are located within 1–3Km of the natural lakes, documenting pre-Columbian human occupation and likely use of lake resources. Lake water temperatures and water chemistry were in keeping with observations at lakes throughout Costa Rica. All five lakes are probably polymictic lakes that turn over frequently; none evinced stratification. The surface lake sediments showed similar organic matter content (22,1–28,8%), with values falling near the middle of the range of lakes previously sampled in Costa Rica. Phytoplankton samples included taxa previously reported from small lowland lakes, but differed between lakes and included dominant taxa that were subdominant or uncommon at other lakes surveyed. Our investigation adds to knowledge of lake characteristics and diversity in Costa Rica, and provides benchmarks for assessing future changes in these lakes and their watersheds resulting from human activity, natural disturbances, and regional and global climate change.
Influencia de la testa sobre la imbibición en endocarpios de Malpighia mexicana y Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Maldonado Peralta María de los Ángeles , Rojas García Adelaido Rafael , Torres Salado Nicolás , García de los Santos Gabino , García Nava José Rodolfo , Herrera Pérez Jerónimo
Published: March 2018

La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio de Semillas y de Botánica del Colegio de Postgraduados, con el objetivo de estudiar la imbibición de endocarpios de dos especies de nanche, sometidos a diferentes tratamientos para determinar la capacidad y velocidad de absorción de agua. En el primer experimento se utilizaron 80 endocarpios de cada especie, colocados en cajas de Petri sobre algodón húmedo; en el segundo, se tomaron 4 repeticiones de 100 endocarpios, cada una, se envolvieron en un saco y se colocaron en un recipiente con 3 L de agua. En el último, se usaron 4 repeticiones de 25 endocarpios de cada especie, se separó la testa del o los embriones y se colocaron entre cajas de Petri sobre algodón húmedo. El peso se registró y la tasa de imbibición se calculó, realizando ANDEVA y promedios con Tukey (α=0.05). Los resultados muestran que Byrsonima crassifolia imbibe tasas bajas y tiene latencia física, y Malpighia mexicana absorbe el doble de su peso y pierde solutos. El embrión de Byrsonima crassifolia absorbe mayor cantidad de agua mientras que en Malpighia mexicana hay mayor imbibición en la testa. Hubo diferencias entre especies.
Percepción de docentes de una universidad a distancia de Costa Rica sobre la elaboración de pruebas escritas y el uso de tablas de especificaciones
Authors: Calderón Badilla Yency , Andrés Jiménez Carmen , Montero Castro Luis Eduardo
Published: March 2018

La elaboración de pruebas escritas requiere una serie de pasos que determinan la calidad del producto final. Encuestamos a 33 profesores en una universidad a distancia costarricense y encontramos que la mayoría se queja de que el tiempo para elaborar pruebas es insuficiente. No todos los profesores elaboran un cuadro de especificaciones de elementos ni discuten su trabajo con sus jefes, quienes proporcionan el formato y los objetivos. Sin embargo, todos los profesores verifican el contenido del curso antes de diseñar el examen. Los profesores deberían tener más tiempo y supervisión para preparar los exámenes
Un nuevo género de coleóptero acuático de Venezuela (Hydradephaga: Noteridae)
Authors: García Mauricio , Camacho Jesús
Published: March 2018

Suphisellus es un género neártico de coleópteros acuáticos que ha sido identificado erróneamente en los trópicos. Analizamos "Suphisellus shorti" de Venezuela y concluimos que la identificación se basó en una interpretación errónea de un apéndice bucal y dos escleritos toráxicos. Lo llamamos Llanoterus shorti, un nuevo género y una nueva combinación, basada en la gonocoxa, lateroterguito, gonocoxoesternito, pronoto, apófisis prosternal y metaventrito. Ilustramos el habitus, genitales femeninos y masculinos, y otros escleritos toráxicos.
Tamaño y vegetación de parques urbanos en el cantón Central de San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Fallas Solano Aarón
Published: March 2018

En el mundo, el paisaje natural está siendo sustituido por espacios urbanos, donde las áreas verdes son necesarias para la conservación de muchas especies. Analicé el tamaño y la vegetación en 15 parques urbanos del centro de San José, Costa Rica, a finales del 2009. El trabajo de campo y los datos municipales muestran que los parques son pequeños (1 786,82 a 21 220,94 m2) y dominados por especies exóticas (87% de vegetación). La mitad de los parques tienen un componente importante de estratos de 5m de altura. El distrito del Carmen tiene líneas arbóreas que actúan como corredores, un ejemplo que deberían seguir otros distritos.
Riqueza de especies y abundancia de aves residentes y migratorias en parques urbanos de San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Fallas Solano Aarón
Published: March 2018

Con la excepción de unas pocas ciudades grandes, hay poco conocimiento sobre las aves urbanas de América Latina. Utilicé transectos lineales en 15 parques urbanos en la ciudad de San José entre setiembre y diciembre de 2009 y encontré 40 especies, la mayoría Tyrannidae (n=10) y Parulidae (n=9). Hubo 23 residentes (principalmente Tyrannidae), 15 migrantes del norte (en su mayoría Parulidae) y un migrante del sur. Las especies más representativas fueron Contopus sp. y Setophaga petechia. Zenaida asiatica, Turdus grayi y Quiscalus mexicanus estaban muy extendidos, al igual que la paloma Columba livia, que podía llegar a 122 individuos por parque. La diversidad y la abundancia fueron determinadas por el tamaño del parque, la complejidad de la vegetación y la proximidad a los fragmentos de vegetación. Los parques urbanos están siendo utilizados como áreas transitorias y permanentes por las aves migratorias y las características biofísicas de algunos parques favorecen a Columba livia y Quiscalus mexicanus, generando competencia, depredación y desplazamiento de otra especie, así como daños a la infraestructura. Estas áreas verdes podrían usarse para la observación y educación de aves.
An improved method to estimate pigeon populations in urban areas
Authors: Barrientos Zaidett , Seas Carolina
Published: March 2018

The Rock Pigeon, Columba livia, is rare in natural environments but extremely successful in urban areas all over the world. Management programs are important because it is considered a pest in many cities. Nevertheless, no appropriate evaluation of methods to estimate urban pigeon populations is available in the literature. We compared three methods: a) the frequently used Stratified grids; b) Point counts, i.e. total pigeon counts with a mechanic counter in sampling points with a 50m radius; and c) Panoramas, 360o panoramic photographs. In nine urban parks in central Costa Rica, we made 1350 counts in total and compared: coefficient of variation (to assess precision); accuracy; time counting or taking photographs in situ; time merging photographs, counting pigeons in photographs, or typing data; and advantages or disadvantages. The Panorama Method is cheap, precise, accurate, secure, fast and easy. It can be used as an indicator or to estimate the actual population.
FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE CENTRADA NA ESCOLA E PROJETO EDUCATIVO:
Authors: Mucharreira Pedro Ribeiro
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação em torno do papel da formação contínua, centrada na escola, na (re)construção do projeto educativo. A investigação decorreu numa escola privada nos arredores de Lisboa, em Portugal. O objetivo central foi o de analisar o papel da formação contínua de professores, centrada no contexto específico da escola que se constituiu como campo de estudo, na (re)construção do seu projeto educativo. Em termos metodológicos recorreu-se a recolha e análise documental e a entrevistas semiestruturadas a 20 indivíduos que se consideraram informantes-chave, como professores, chefias de topo e intermédias, bem como formadores internos e externos. As principais conclusões da investigação apontam no sentido de um efetivo estabelecimento de uma comunidade de aprendizagem, que reflete na e sobre a prática, através de ações de formação planificadas, implementadas e avaliadas tendo em conta o projeto educativo. Apesar de reconhecido o papel estratégico deste documento, os resultados apontam para uma sobrevalorização de uma das quatro vertentes do projeto educativo, a vertente académica, para além do reduzido envolvimento dos pais na conceção e (re) construção deste documento.
O REGIME DE COLABORAÇÃO NA EXECUÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Machado Cristiane Brito , Cunha Maria Couto , Da Silva Musial Gilvanice Barbosa
Published: March 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os limites e desafios de se efetivar, no bojo da política nacional de formação de professores da educação básica no Brasil, o regime de colaboração entre os entes federados a partir de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar a operacionalização do regime de colaboração na implementação do PARFOR Presencial, no estado da Bahia. Apresenta alguns resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida durante o Doutorado em Educação que teve como orientação metodológica a pesquisa qualitativa e como principal instrumento de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e a entrevista. Inicialmente, tece algumas considerações sobre o federalismo brasileiro, a conceituação do regime de colaboração e as lacunas existentes no cenário nacional por conta da sua não regulamentação. Em seguida, discute os desafios na materialização do regime de colaboração a partir da análise da experiência do PARFOR Presencial na Bahia. Finalmente constata, através dos resultados da pesquisa, a necessidade urgente de que sejam feitos os ajustes necessários na Política estudada, assim como a regulamentação prevista no Artigo 23 da Constituição Federal de 1988 e na institucionalização do Sistema Nacional da Educação, de modo a que os planos, programas e projetos que tenham como premissa a participação compartilhada das instâncias federativas na sua execução obtenham os resultados almejados.
O CURRÍCULO COMO RETÓRICA PROGRESSISTA DOS MOVIMENTOS POLÍTICOS NEOCONSERVADORES
Authors: Marchelli Paulo Sergio
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as políticas curriculares são identificadas como progressistas ou conservadoras conforme a visão ideológica que dá hegemonia ao discurso de determinada corrente de pensamento. Para tanto, os fundamentos da teoria pós-estruturalista do discurso são utilizados como método para verificar os conflitos e convergências entre o Posmarxismo e o Neoliberalismo em termos do seu julgamento sobre a identidade política do currículo. Como resultado, o artigo apresenta a análise da conjuntura hegemônico-ideológica das principais correntes de pensamento sobre as políticas curriculares em voga no Brasil.
ELABORAÇÃO DA DISCIPLINA ONLINE FILOSOFIA E CIDADANIA:
Authors: Nunes Andréa Karla Ferreira , Johann Jorge Renato
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo apresenta relato da elaboração da disciplina online Filosofia e Cidadania pertencente ao Grupo Tiradentes, sediado em Sergipe. O objetivo foi descrever como aconteceram as escolhas temáticas e as definições dos conteúdos. Como procedimento metodológico, foi definida a pesquisa bibliográfica e compartilhamento da narrativa na elaboração da disciplina. A relevância do artigo consiste no entendimento das especificidades da preparação de uma disciplina na modalidade semipresencial, bem como a clareza do que se pretende ensinar para compor a ementa, objetivos e perfil profissional. Conclui-se que é possível elaborar disciplina para ser ofertada na modalidade semipresencial, a qual trata da temática Filosofia e Cidadania, desde que tenham sido estabelecidos os conteúdos e a forma como devem ser escritos para entendimento dos estudantes.
TRANSFORMAÇÕES DOS PARADIGMAS DA ESCOLA TECNICISTA E REFLEXÕES SOBRE A PEDAGOGIA EMPREENDEDORA
Authors: Oliveira Claudeney Licínio , Fari Junior Marcos Antonio , Müller Antônio José
Published: March 2018

Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho exploratório que visa promover reflexões sobre as transformações ocorridas nas propostas pedagógicas da escola tecnicista no Brasil. Além disso, visa problematizar a constituição e implantação da proposta pedagógica empreendedora na escola técnica profissionalizante contemporânea. Através da análise da obra Pedagogia empreendedora de Fernando Dolabela, em conjunto com os conceitos de Saviani, Luckesi e Libâneo sobre as tendências pedagógicas no Brasil, discutiremos sobre a Tendência Pedagógica Liberal Tecnicista e suas transformações metodológicas históricas até chegar aos novos métodos utilizados por uma pedagogia empreendedora. Contextualizamos, assim, conceitos, suas práticas e evoluções, tornando-se mais uma possibilidade para os avanços da qualidade na educação brasileira. Tudo isso no momento em que o governo federal promulga a lei de reforma do Ensino Médio e discute a Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Além disso, a pedagogia empreendedora visa também contribuir para a formação de sujeitos proativos e empreendedores, centralizando suas atenções ao sujeito, dando-lhe vez e voz, e primando por uma formação que atende às novas exigências do mercado de trabalho e às evoluções tecnológicas, econômicas, culturais e sociais.
Claves para enraizar la Paz: escuchar a los sabios de la tribu. I.
Authors: Eslava Mocha Pedro René
Published: March 2018

Indudablemente, la entrega de armas por parte de los rebeldes de las Farc cumpliendo acuerdos pactados en el proceso de Paz, se constituye en un punto crucial para dar credibilidad a lo negociado, abriendo una inmensa perspectiva, espe­cialmente en los territorios periféricos de un país tradicionalmente abstraído en su centro: la mirada andina, que tantas veces se ha impugnado sin eco entre los gobernantes centralistas. Se dan, por tanto, nuevas expectativas en las marginales geografías en las que los insurgentes por años impusieron mediante las armas su control forzoso, lugares en los que la presencia del estado ha sido asaz precaria. Bien sabemos que la paz es una construcción colectiva que no se logra auto­máticamente al dejar de lado las armas; los conflictos persistirán en los territorios en los cuales las carencias del estado han sido la constante histórica si allí no se interviene reconstruyendo el tejido social, generando bienestar, aplicando justicia, apuntalando la identidad, atendiendo las voces sabias de los mayores.
Operationalizing the public interest in the local planning context of Serbia
Authors: Colic Natasa
Published: March 2018

The concept of the public interest has often been revisited within
theoretical debates related to the fields of politics, decision making, and
planning. While it has been claimed that the public interest should serve as
one of the main pillars for decision-making, various authors reject the
possibility of its operationalization, describing it as a vague criterion for
any empirical analysis. With that in mind, the main aim of this paper is to
present the role of the public interest and its long lasting tradition in
Serbian planning practice from socialism until today, as well as its
operational dimensions in relation to the specific post-socialist planning
context. This paper will first briefly discuss the nature of the public
interest concept in relation to planning. It will go on to present some of
the socio-economic aspects of Serbian socialist and post-socialist planning
practice, so as to better understand the local context in which the public
interest is framed. Finally, it will propose the dimensions of planning
practice in which the public interest is articulated. The findings were
derived from the analysis of the role of the public interest in planning
theory, planning practice, and the Serbian legal planning framework.
Spatial planning and ecological networks in Serbia
Authors: Dobricic Milica , Sekulic Nenad , Josimovic Bosko
Published: March 2018

The paper explains the importance and role of spatial planning in the context
of the preservation and sustainable use of ecological networks. The concept
of ecological networks is presented in terms of its main goals, structure,
functions and approaches to biodiversity conservation. The paper gives an
overview of ecological network development in Serbia, but also an overview of
the activities carried out in establishing the NATURA 2000 European
ecological network. Possibilities for improving the spatial planning process
in light of the functional development of ecological networks in Serbia are
indicated through an analysis of the requirements arising from the policies
relevant for spatial planning and the development of ecological networks
using the example of drawn up spatial plans.
Technical and logical methods for improving the process of urban planning in Serbia
Authors: Graovac Ana , Danilovic-Hristic Natasa , Stefanovic Nebojsa
Published: March 2018

The subject of the paper is an analysis of the methodology for developing
urban plans, considered in a normative, organizational and interest context.
Based on current legislation defining the content and procedure for adopting
a plan, and the institutional framework that defines the participants in the
planning process, a basic methodological model for a planning solution was
formed, which was then improved in the context of the collaborative planning
paradigm. Starting from the assumption that harmonizing the different
interests represents the ?grey zone? of planning in Serbia, the paper
explores various methodological steps that would give a space for better
cooperation between all stakeholders, and therefore contribute to the
improvement of procedures for developing plans and the quality of the
planning solutions themselves. On the basis of this research, a methodology
for urban planning is defined as a logical and technical method of
successively configuring a planning solution in a normative, organizational
and interest context. Through analysis of the application of the
methodological model in practice and a case study, it was confirmed that the
method of producing a plan that includes timely and meaningful cooperation
can reconcile the interests of the different stakeholders in planning.
Green infrastructure planning for climate smart and "green" cities
Authors: Crncevic Tijana , Tubic Ljiljana , Bakic Olgica
Published: March 2018

The aim of the paper is to present green infrastructure planning within the
concept of climate-smart cities. In this context the use of Geographic
Information Systems (GIS), as part of green infrastructure planning, is
stressed in the establishment of climate-smart cities. In addition to
presenting international examples of good practice, such as using GIS data,
maps and tools for support in the USA, or designing a tool for water
management and water infrastructure planning in Chicago, the paper provides
an insight into the current status of green infrastructure planning in
Serbia. The ?Green regulation of Belgrade? project is presented as a
representative example. The conclusions emphasise that the main preconditions
for achieving climate-smart and green cities include legal and planning
frameworks, as well as appropriate strategic and other programs that will
further encourage the creation of GIS for green areas and create the
conditions for climate-smart green infrastructure planning.
Notes on the development of the urban heritage management concept in contemporary policies
Authors: Vuckovic Mina , Maruna Marija
Published: March 2018

This paper seeks to present an overview of the development of the urban
heritage management (UHM) concept by analysing documents from key
international organisations in this field. The period 1964-2011 is deemed to
have been marked by a paradigm shift in the discipline of conservation. Over
the course of the last decade, the discussion has been focused on the
development of the historic urban landscape (HUL), a concept that
incorporates principles of conservation into the integral urban planning
framework. However, it seems that the gap between conservation and
development is yet to be bridged in practice. The first part of the paper
briefly outlines the most important theoretical thought in the fields of
conservation and urban planning that contributed to the development of the
urban heritage (UH) concept in the 20th century. The second section reviews
the UHM policies presented in documents, with an emphasis placed on the
roles of particular stakeholders in the process. This paper contributes to
overviewing the key aspects of contemporary UHM policies and highlighting
perspectives for its future development.
Self-etching Primers vs Acid Conditioning: Impact on Bond Strength Between Ceramics and Resin Cement
Authors: Tribst JPM , Anami LC , Özcan M , Bottino MA , Melo RM , Saavedra GSFA
Published: March 2018

This study tested whether a self-etching surface agent and the conventional hydrofluoric acid (HF) would provide the same bonding capacity between resin cement and feldspathic (Fd) and lithium disilicate (Ld) ceramics. Ceramic blocks were cut with a low-speed diamond saw with water cooling (Isomet 1000, Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) into 20 blocks of 5 × 7 × 4 mm, which were ground flat in a polishing machine (EcoMet/AutoMet 250, Buehler) under water cooling. The blocks were randomly divided into eight groups (n=5), according to ceramic type (Ld or Fd), surface conditioning (HF + Monobond Plus or Etch and Prime), and aging by thermocycling (TC or absence-baseline). After 24 hours in 37°C distilled water, blocks were embedded into acrylic resin and 1-mm2 cross-section beams composed of ceramic/cement/composite were obtained. The microtensile test was performed in a universal testing machine (DL-1000, EMIC, São José dos Campos, Brazil; 0.5 mm.min−1, 50 kgf load cell). Bond strength (MPa) was calculated by dividing the load at failure (in N) by the bonded area (mm2). The fractured specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy, and one representative sample of each group was randomly selected before the cementation and was further used for analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The self-etching agent showed the highest bond strength for Fd (24.66±4.5) and Ld (24.73±6.9) ceramics and a decrease in surface wettability. SEM and EDS showed the presence of similar components in the tested materials with different topographies for both. Therefore, the self-etching primer was able to deliver even higher bonding than HF+silane to a resin cement.
Effect of Baicalein on Matrix Metalloproteinases and Durability of Resin-Dentin Bonding
Authors: Li J , Chen B , Hong N , Wu S , Li Y
Published: March 2018

Objective:

In an attempt to increase resin-dentin bonding quality, this study used baicalein as a preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive to evaluate its effect on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and adhesive durability.

Methods:

As a MMP inhibitor and potential collagen cross-linking agent, baicalein was used as a preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system. The degree of conversion was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. EnzChek gelatinase/collagenase assay kits were then used to detect the MMP inhibitory effect of different concentrations of baicalein (0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/mL) on dentin powders. During in vitro bonding procedures, flat dentin surfaces on sound third molars were preconditioned with 2.5 μg/mL baicalein after being acid-etched; this step was followed by continuation of adhesive processes and build-up of resin composite. After resin-dentin stick preparation, bonding strength, failure mode, and interface nanoleakage were respectively evaluated via microtensile testing, stereomicroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy either immediately or after storage in artificial saliva for three or six months. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results:

Baicalein at a concentration of 0-5.0 μg/mL did not influence the conversion of adhesives. However, it inhibited the activities of dentin-bond gelatinase and collagenase, especially at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL, while effectively increasing microtensile bonding strength and decreasing nanoleakage in vitro, both immediately and after aging.

Conclusions:

Baicalein used as preconditioner in an etch-and-rinse adhesive system has an anti-MMP function and effectively improves resin-dentin bonding durability in vitro, which has potential value in clinical bonding procedures.
Literasi Matematika Siswa Pendidikan Menengah: Analisis Menggunakan Desain Tes Internasional dengan Konteks Indonesia
Authors: -- Mahdiansyah , -- Rahmawati
Published: March 2018

The purpose of the study was to measure studentsâ€™ mathematical literacy achievementÂ at secondary education level on the international test design adjusted to the context of Indonesia,Â and to analyze factors affecting the achievement. In addition, to conducting test, the surveyÂ was also administered to obtain data on the test participant students, maths teachers, and theirÂ educational background. Sampling was done by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling.Â This research revealed that the literacy achievement of students was still low, but the disparityÂ of literacy achievement among cities was varied. Student literacy achievement in YogyakartaÂ was relatively evenly compared to other cities. Uncertainty and data is the most easily contentÂ compared to other mathematical contents. Examined from the aspect of context, scientific isÂ the lowest achieved by students.The test items that measure higher order thinking skills (HOTS)Â had not been well mastered by students. There are number of determinants of mathematicsÂ literacy achievement, namely personal factor, instructional factor, and environmental factor.Â The conclusion of the study is studentsâ€™ mathematical literacy at secondary educationlevel wasÂ still low, although the design of international test used had been adjusted by the IndonesianÂ context.ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur capaian literasi matematika siswa jenjangÂ pendidikan menengah dengan menggunakan desain tes internasional yang disesuaikan denganÂ konteks Indonesia, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi capaian literasiÂ tersebut. Di samping melakukan tes kepada siswa SMA/MA, survei juga dilakukan untukÂ memperoleh data siswa peserta tes, guru matematika, dan latar belakang pendidikan. PenarikanÂ sampel dilakukan dengan teknik multi-stage stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitianÂ mengungkapka capaian literasi siswa masih rendah, namun disparitas capaian literasi antarkota cukup bervariasi. Capaian literasi siswa Yogyakarta relatif merata dibandingkan dengan kotakotaÂ lainnya. Uncertainty and data merupakan konten yang paling mudah dibandingkan denganÂ konten matematika lainnya. Dikaji dari aspek konteks, scientific merupakan konteks yang palingÂ rendah dicapai siswa. Adapun soal-soal tes yang mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggiÂ (higher order thinking skills-HOTS) belum mampu dikuasai siswa dengan baik. Terdapat sejumlahÂ faktor determinan dari capaian literasi matematika tersebut, yaitu faktor personal, faktorÂ instruksional, dan faktor lingkungan. Kesimpulan studi adalah literasi matematika siswa jenjangÂ pendidikan menengah masih rendah, meskipun desain tes internasional yang digunakan telahÂ disesuaikan dengan konteks Indonesia.
Kontribusi Delapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan terhadap Pencapaian Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Raharjo Sabar Budi
Published: March 2018

National education standards is a means to ensure the quality of educational services. School administrators must fulfill minimum standards in helping students to achieve learning target. The purpose of this study was to determine the achievement of national education standards and the extent to which they contribute to eight national education standards towards the learning achievemen of high school students. The research method is a survey. The results showed that first, among the achievement of eight national education standards, educational facilities and infrastructures standards, process standards competency standards and education professional standards were considered low. Second, the eight national education standards contribute less significant to student national examination score. This means that successful learning achievement is determined by other factors, both internal and external, such as motivation, interest, parental background, school environment. From the eight standards, teacher and education personnel standard give significant influence to national students exam results. The first conclusions is that, four standards with below average accreditation credits are educational facilities and infrastructures standards, process standards, competency standards, and education professional standards. Secondly, the contribution of eight national standards of education is still relatively less and other factors are needed in order to improve the studentsâ€™ learning achievement.ABSTRAKÂ Standar nasional pendidikan merupakan sarana untuk menjamin mutu layananpendidikan. Dalam memberikan layanan pendidikan pengelola sekolah berusaha memberikanÂ standar minimal kepada peserta didik dalam mencapai prestasi belajar. Tujuan penelitian iniÂ yaitu untuk mengetahui ketercapaian standar nasional pendidikan dan sebesarapa besarÂ kontribusi delapan standar nasional pendidikan terhadap pencapaian prestasi belajar siswaÂ SMA. Metode penelitian adalah survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) dari delapanÂ standar yang ada, standar yang masih rendah adalah standar sarana-prasarana, standar proses,Â standar kompetensi, dan standar tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan; 2) Delapan standar nasionalÂ pendidikan terhadap prestasi belajar (UN) tidak terlalu signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwaÂ keberhasilan prestasi belajar ditentukan oleh faktor lain baik internal maupun eksternal sepertiÂ motivasi, minat, latar belakang orang tua, dan lingkungan sekolah. Dari 8 standar tersebut,Â standar yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap UN adalah standar pendidik dan tenagaÂ kependidikan (PTK). Simpulan dari penelitian ini: 1) empat standar yang masih rendah perolehanÂ angka akreditasi yaitu standar sarana-prasarana, standar proses, standar kompetensi dan,Â standar tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan masih rendah; 2) kontribusi delapan standar masihÂ relatif kecil dan perlu memperhatikan faktor lain di luar standar dalam perbaikan mutu prestasiÂ belajar.
Analisis Kelayakan dan Kesesuaian antara Latar Belakang Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar dengan Mata Pelajaran yang Diampu
Authors: Jakaria Yaya
Published: March 2018

This study aimed at formulating alternative policies concerning quality of educationÂ focusing on suitable condition of primary school teachers to enhance the quality of education,Â and appropriateness of primary school teachersâ€™ educational background towards their taughtÂ subject-matter. The study used a descriptive method to analyze data of each individual primaryÂ school teachers based on qualifications and seeking the order of academic inappropriateness of its subjects by making the specific criteria. The study showed that big number of primary schoolÂ teachers have not met the minimal qualification as stipulated by the Act number 14 year 2005Â in the amount of 67% of teachers both from public and private primary schools in Indonesia outÂ of 1.501.236 teachers. 32.8% have met academic qualifications. Unsuitable subject-matterÂ taught and educational background of primary school teachers reached 29.3% and the highestÂ found for religion teachers at 54%.ABSTRAKÂ Studi ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan kebijakan alternatif yang terkait dengan mutuÂ pendidikan difokuskan pada kondisi guru sekolah dasar (SD) yang layak terhadap peningkatanÂ mutu pendidikan, dan kondisi guru SD antara mata pelajaran yang diampu dengan latar belakangÂ pendidikannya dalam periode tahun 2010-2013.Studi ini menggunakan metode statistika deskriptifÂ untuk menganalisis data tiap individu guru SD berdasarkan kualifikasi akademik dan mencariÂ urutan mata pelajaran berdasarkan ketidaksesuaiannya dengan membuat kriteria khususÂ ketidaksesuaian mengajar. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak guru SD yang belumÂ berkualifikasi akademik sarjana sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 yangÂ mencapai 67% dari seluruh guru SD negeri dan swasta di Indonesia yang total berjumlahÂ 1.501.236 guru. Sisanya sebesar 32,8% sudah memenuhi kualifikasi akademik sarjana.TingkatÂ Ketidaksesuaian Guru SD mencapai angka 29.3%. dengan tingkat ketidaksesuaian paling tinggiÂ terjadi pada Guru Agama yang mencapai 54%.
Membangun Karakter Bangsa Berbasis Sastra: Kajian terhadap Materi Karya Sastra di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Septiningsih Lustantini
Published: March 2018

This article aims to examine the material of literary works used in IndonesianÂ teaching materials in senior secondary schools. This study focuses on the analysis themesÂ of literary works. Therefore, this research employs structural theory approach. In relationÂ with data explanation, the method utilizes descriptive method. The results of the studyÂ shows that the teaching materials displays the theme of love, care, hard work, helpfulness,Â education, cooperation, and leadership. It concludes that the literary works in IndonesianÂ teaching materials in senior secondary schools can be employed to build studentsâ€™ character.Â However, only by reading the literary works is not necessarily the character is build, itÂ must be done through the activity of appreciation, for example by performing expressionÂ or creation.ABSTRAKÂ Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji materi karya sastra yang digunakanÂ dalam bahan ajar buku bahasa Indonesia di sekolah menengah atas. Kajian iniÂ menitikberatkan analisis tema karya sastra. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakanÂ pendekatan teori struktural. Dalam kaitannya dengan pemaparan data, metode yangÂ digunakan adalah metode diskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tema karya sastraÂ yang digunakan dalam bahan ajar tersebut adalah tema cinta, kepedulian, bekerja keras,Â suka menolong, pendidikan, bekerja sama, dan kepemimpinan. Simpulannya adalah bahwaÂ materi karya sastra dalam bahan ajar buku bahasa Indonesia di sekolah menengah atasÂ dapat digunakan untuk membangun karakter. Namun, hanya dengan membaca karya sastraÂ tidak serta merta karakter itu terbangun, tetapi harus dilakukan melalui kegiatan apresiasi,Â seperti ekspres atau kreasi.
Kebijakan Program Pendidikan Berbasis Keunggulan Lokal di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 2 Pekalongan
Authors: -- Subijanto
Published: March 2018

This study aims to analyze: 1) the sustainability of the educational program and its use of local content in public senior secondary school 2 Pekalongan; 2) the advantagesÂ of the program for students; and 3) the advantages of the program for the surroundingÂ societies. This case study used a descriptive method. The results showed that, 1) theÂ educational program, which is based on local content, will continue to run despite theÂ Directorate for Development of Senior Secondary Schoolâ€™s decision to stop funding it, andÂ despite tidal floods, which created difficulty in environmental conditions; 2) the advantagesÂ of the program for students are, a) to know the local culture of their region; b) to understand several aspects related to the local culture of their region; c) to be able to manage resourcesÂ of the local environment; and d) to be able to make a living in this context while preservingÂ culture, tradition and the resources of the area; 3) the advantages of the program for theÂ societies around the school have not yet included a significant increase in economic valueÂ (additional income/welfare). It can be concluded that the educational program, which isÂ based on local content, in Public Senior Secondary School 2 in Pekalongan was not yet fullyÂ successful. However, this program will continue to run despite adverse environmentalÂ conditions due to tidal flood.Â ABSTRAKÂ Tujuan studi ini untuk menganalisis: 1) keberlanjutan kebijakan program pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal di Sekolah Menegah Atas Negeri 2 Pekalongan; 2) manfaat program pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal bagi peserta didik; dan 3) manfaat terhadap nilai tambah ekonomi bagi masyarakat di sekitar sekolah. Studi kasus ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kebijakan program pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal tetap dilanjutkan meskipun pihak Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah tidak lagi memberikan bantuan dana sharing dan kondisi lingkungan kurang kondusif karena sering terjadi bencana tahunan air rob; 2) manfaat pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal bagi peserta didik antara lain, a) mengetahui keunggulan lokal di daerahnya, b) memahami berbagai aspek yang berhubungan dengan keunggulan lokal di daerahnya; c) mampu mengolah sumber daya yang berkaitan dengan keunggulan lokal; dan d) dapat menghidupi dirinya manakala memperoleh penghasilan, sekaligus melestarikan budaya, tradisi, dan sumber daya yang menjadi unggulan daerah; 3) manfaat pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal bagi masyarakat sekitar belum memberikan nilai tambah (ekonomi) bagi masyarakat di sekitar sekolah. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 2 Pekalongan belum berhasil sebagaimana mestinya, tetapi tetap dilanjutkan walaupun kondisi lingkungan mengalami bencana banjir air rob setiap tahunnya.