bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia in a German-Speaking Sample of Outpatients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Contin Giuliana , Beck Eva-Marina , Kvrgic Sara , Kossowsky Joe , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter , Vauth Roland
Published: May 2012

Background: Because the mere definition of insight from the therapist’s viewpoint may not be sufficient to identify treatment targets for adherence enhancement, we need assessment strategies which are more sensitive to the patient’s perspective. Illness perception (IP), defined as the beliefs a patient holds about his/her health problems, has been shown to affect coping in the context of a physical or mental illness, e.g. compliance behaviour. To assess IP in people diagnosed with schizophrenia, the Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia (IPQS) was developed. The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the German version of the IPQS. Sampling and Methods: The study sample consisted of 128 German-speaking outpatients suffering from chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. To achieve comparability with the validation of the English scale version, the same constructs were assessed: psychopathology, depression, and beliefs about medication. Furthermore, insight into one’s illness was assessed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity including convergent and discriminant validity were analysed. Results: Five of eight IPQS subscales were found to be internally reliable and all subscales demonstrated high stability over time. Correlations with validity measures indicated that the subscales assess dimensions of a construct, which is distinct from psychopathology, depression, beliefs about medication and insight, except for the Identity subscale which substantially overlapped with measures of insight. Conclusions: The German version of the IPQS is an essentially reliable and valid measure of IP for German-speaking people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This may encourage its usage in further studies investigating the impact of subjective beliefs about mental health problems on outcome and recovery in schizophrenia.
Inflammatory Markers and Acid-Base Equilibrium in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Stable and Unstable Asthma Patients
Authors: Tomasiak-Lozowska Maria Magdalena , Zietkowski Ziemowit , Przeslaw Katarzyna , Tomasiak Marian , Skiepko Roman , Bodzenta-Lukaszyk Anna
Published: May 2012

Background: Nitrosative and acid stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether, in asthmatics, a link exists between the concentrations of nitrite/nitrate, ammonia and pH values in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and asthma severity, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), total IgE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and blood eosinophilia. Methods: The above-mentioned parameters were measured in 19 healthy volunteers and 91 allergic asthmatics divided into three groups, i.e. 22 subjects with steroid-naïve stable asthma, 35 with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-treated stable asthma and 34 with ICS-treated unstable asthma. Results: Compared with healthy subjects, EBC from asthmatics had significantly lower pH values and ammonia concentrations and significantly higher levels of nitrite/nitrate. The extent of these changes was higher in patients with unstable than in patients with steroid-naïve and stable ICS-treated asthma. The EBC pH was positively correlated with ammonia and negatively correlated with nitrite/nitrate, FENO or blood eosinophilia in all three groups of asthmatics. Significant positive correlations between EBC nitrite/nitrate and blood eosinophilia, ECP levels or FENO were observed in all groups of asthmatics. Significant negative correlations between EBC ammonia and nitrite/nitrate, FENO, ECP concentrations or blood eosinophilia were demonstrated in the groups of ICS-naïve and ICS-treated stable asthmatics. Conclusions: In asthmatic patients there is a relationship between EBC pH, ammonia and nitrite/nitrate concentrations and other recognized markers of airway inflammation. EBC pH values, ammonia and nitrite/nitrate levels measured together may help to assess airway inflammatory status and asthma severity.
Asthma Endophenotypes and Polymorphisms in the Histamine Receptor HRH4 Gene
Authors: Simon Tünde , Semsei Ágnes F. , Ungvári Ildikó , Hadadi Éva , Virág Viktor , Nagy Adrienne , Vangor Mónika S. , László Valéria , Szalai Csaba , Falus András
Published: May 2012

Background: Histamine as an inflammatory mediator plays an important role in chronic allergic and asthmatic conditions. However, the role of genetic polymorphisms of the histamine receptor HRH4 (histamine receptor H4) gene in asthma susceptibility and endophenotypes has not been studied yet. Our aim was to investigate the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HRH4 gene and asthma or some endophenotypes of asthma. Methods: Twenty-one SNPs of the HRH4 gene were genotyped in 313 asthmatic patients and 360 controls using Sequenom® iPLEX® Gold Genotyping Technology. Results: Genotype distribution of three HRH4 SNPs, namely rs17187619 [p = 0.002; odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.4 (4.1–1.4)], rs527790 [p = 0.0002; OR (95% CI) = 3.3 (6.1–1.8)] and rs487202 [p = 0.00007; OR (95% CI) = 3.5 (6.6–1.9)] differed significantly between patients with or without infection-induced asthma. Haplotypes, which included the rs4800573–rs527790 CC allele combination, were found to be associated with infection-induced asthma [p = 0.0009, OR (95% CI) = 0.5 (0.4–0.8)]. The rs487202–rs574913 CA haplotype was more frequent among patients with infection-induced asthma [p = 0.0006, OR (95% CI) = 1.9 (1.3–2.6)]. None of the SNPs contributed directly to the risk of asthma. Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic variation in the HRH4 gene might influence the pathogenesis of infection-induced asthma.
Involvement of Can f 5 in a Case of Human Seminal Plasma Allergy
Authors: Basagaña Maria , Bartolome Borja , Pastor-Vargas Carlos , Mattsson Lars , Lidholm Jonas , Labrador-Horrillo Moises
Published: May 2012

Background: The existence of IgE binding to dog dander extract without IgE antibodies against the described dog allergens (Can f 1, 2, 3 and 4) implies the presence of other dog allergens yet to be identified. Recently, an IgE-binding protein was isolated from dog urine and identified as prostatic kallikrein; it has been named Can f 5. Cross-reactivity between a dog dander allergen and human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been described. The aim of this study was to identify the dog dander allergen that presents cross-reactivity with PSA and demonstrate its clinical relevance in our patient with human seminal plasma allergy. Methods: SDS-PAGE immunoblotting and inhibition tests were performed. Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify the protein involved in the allergy reactions. Results: SDS-PAGE immunoblotting-inhibition with an IgE-binding protein from dog prostatic secretion showed total IgE binding inhibition to a 28-kDa IgE-reactive band identified as PSA. The electroeluted protein from dog prostatic secretion was identified by mass spectrometry as Can f 5. IgE immunoblotting of human seminal plasma incubated with the serum of the patient revealed two IgE-binding bands (28 and 32.7 kDa). Both SDS-PAGE immunoblotting inhibition assays, with human seminal plasma or purified PSA in solid phase, showed complete IgE binding inhibition when the serum of the anaphylactic patient was preincubated with dog dander extract or recombinant Can f 5. Conclusions: The dog dander allergen that shows cross-reactivity with human PSA has been characterized and turns out to be the recently described Can f 5. We demonstrated the clinical relevance of this cross-reactivity in a patient.
The Relational Habitus: Intersubjective Processes in Learning Settings
Authors: Stone Lynda D. , Underwood Charles , Hotchkiss Jacqueline
Published: May 2012

The relational habitus, an adaptation of Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, is an ecological ensemble of relations including self, tools, tasks, and others that is intersubjectively constructed and sustained over time in formal and informal learning communities. The development of the relational habitus explains variances in the social organization of meaning making in local arenas of learning, referred to as dynamic fields. As a theoretical tool, the relational habitus encompasses two interrelated aspects of intersubjectivity: (a) an orientation to others in cultural contexts and (b) mutual perspective taking accomplished through communication. These two aspects of intersubjectivity explain how the meaning-making processes that promote learning and development involve both agential action and the situational structuring of these actions.
Cochlear Implant Insertion Forces in Microdissected Human Cochlea to Evaluate a Prototype Array
Authors: Nguyen Yann , Miroir Mathieu , Kazmitcheff Guillaume , Sutter Jasmine , Bensidhoum Morad , Ferrary Evelyne , Sterkers Olivier , Bozorg Grayeli Alexis
Published: May 2012

Cochlear implant array insertion forces are potentially related to cochlear trauma. We compared these forces between a standard (Digisonic SP; Neurelec, Vallauris, France) and an array prototype (Neurelec) with a smaller diameter. The arrays were inserted by a mechatronic tool in 23 dissected human cochlea specimens exposing the basilar membrane. The array progression under the basilar membrane was filmed together with dynamic force measurements. Insertion force profiles and depth of insertion were compared. The recordings showed lower insertion forces beyond 270° of insertion and deeper insertions with the thin prototype array. This will potentially allow larger cochlear coverage with less trauma.
Myofilament Ca Sensitization Increases Cytosolic Ca Binding Affinity, Alters Intracellular Ca Homeostasis, and Causes Pause-Dependent Ca-Triggered Arrhythmia
Authors: Schober Tilmann , Huke Sabine , Venkataraman Raghav , Gryshchenko Oleksiy , Kryshtal Dmytro , Hwang Hyun Seok , Baudenbacher Franz J. , Knollmann Björn C.
Published: May 2012

Rationale:

Ca binding to the troponin complex represents a major portion of cytosolic Ca buffering. Troponin mutations that increase myofilament Ca sensitivity are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and confer a high risk for sudden death. In mice, Ca sensitization causes ventricular arrhythmias, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective:

To test the hypothesis that myofilament Ca sensitization increases cytosolic Ca buffering and to determine the resulting arrhythmogenic changes in Ca homeostasis in the intact mouse heart.

Methods and Results:

Using cardiomyocytes isolated from mice expressing troponin T (TnT) mutants (TnT-I79N, TnT-F110I, TnT-R278C), we found that increasing myofilament Ca sensitivity produced a proportional increase in cytosolic Ca binding. The underlying cause was an increase in the cytosolic Ca binding affinity, whereas maximal Ca binding capacity was unchanged. The effect was sufficiently large to alter Ca handling in intact mouse hearts at physiological heart rates, resulting in increased end-diastolic [Ca] at fast pacing rates, and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content and release after pauses. Accordingly, action potential (AP) regulation was altered, with postpause action potential prolongation, afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity. Acute Ca sensitization with EMD 57033 mimicked the effects of Ca-sensitizing TnT mutants and produced pause-dependent ventricular ectopy and sustained ventricular tachycardia after acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

Myofilament Ca sensitization increases cytosolic Ca binding affinity. A major proarrhythmic consequence is a pause-dependent potentiation of Ca release, action potential prolongation, and triggered activity. Increased cytosolic Ca binding represents a novel mechanism of pause-dependent arrhythmia that may be relevant for inherited and acquired cardiomyopathies.
Activation of Nod-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasomes Turns on Podocyte Injury and Glomerular Sclerosis in Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Zhang Chun , Boini Krishna M. , Xia Min , Abais Justine M. , Li Xiang , Liu Qinglian , Li Pin-Lan
Published: May 2012

Inflammasome is a multiprotein complex consisting of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NALP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase 1 or 5, which functions to switch on the inflammatory process. The present study hypothesized that the formation and activation of NALP3 inflammasomes turn on podocyte injury leading to glomerulosclerosis during hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcys). RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that murine podocytes expressed 3 essential components of the NALP3 inflammasome complex, namely, NALP3, ASC, and caspase 1. Treatment of podocytes with l-homocysteine induced the formation of NALP3 inflammasome complex, an increase in caspase 1 activity, podocyte cytoskeleton rearrangement, and decreased production of vascular endothelial growth factor from podocytes, which were all blocked by silencing the ASC gene or inhibiting caspase 1 activity. In mice with hHcys induced by feeding them a folate-free diet, NALP3 inflammasome formation and activation in glomerular podocytes were detected at an early stage, as shown by confocal microscopy, size exclusion chromatography of the assembled inflammasome complex, and increased interleukin-1β production in glomeruli. Locally silencing the ASC gene in the kidney significantly reduced NALP3 inflammasome formation and interleukin 1β production in glomeruli of mice with hHcys. Pathologically, hHcys-associated albuminuria, foot process effacement of podocytes, loss of podocyte slit diaphragm molecules, and glomerulosclerosis at the late stage were significantly improved by local ASC gene silencing or by caspase 1 inhibition. In conclusion, NALP3 inflammasome formation and activation on stimulation of homocysteine are important molecular mechanisms triggering podocyte injury and ultimately resulting in glomerulosclerosis in hHcys.
The Effect of ENSO Events on the Tropical Pacific Mean Climate: Insights from an Analytical Model
Authors: Liang Jin , Yang Xiu-Qun , Sun De-Zheng
Published: May 2012

To better understand the causes of climate change in the tropical Pacific on decadal and longer time scales, the authors delineate the rectification effect of ENSO events into the mean state by contrasting the time-mean state of a low-order model for the Pacific with its equilibrium state. The model encapsulates the essential physics of the ENSO system, but remains simple enough to allow for the obtaining of its equilibrium state. The model has an oscillatory regime that resembles the observations. In this oscillatory regime, the time-mean SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific is found to be significantly different from the corresponding equilibrium SST, with the former being warmer than the latter. The difference is found to be proportional to the amplitude of ENSO. In addition, the zonal SST contrast of the time-mean state is found to be less sensitive to increases in external forcing than that of the equilibrium state, due to warming effect of ENSO events on the eastern Pacific. It is further shown that this rectification effect of ENSO events results from the nonlinear advection term in the heat budget equation. The study elucidates the role of ENSO events in shaping the tropical mean climate state and suggests that decadal warming in the recent decades in the eastern tropical Pacific may be more a consequence than a cause of the elevated ENSO activity during the same period. The results also provide a simple explanation for why it is difficult to detect an anthropogenically forced trend in the zonal SST contrast in the observations.
Meteorological Model Evaluation for CalNex 2010
Authors: Angevine Wayne M. , Eddington Lee , Durkee Kevin , Fairall Chris , Bianco Laura , Brioude Jerome
Published: May 2012

The performance of mesoscale meteorological models is evaluated for the coastal zone and Los Angeles area of Southern California, and for the San Joaquin Valley. Several configurations of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with differing grid spacing, initialization, planetary boundary layer (PBL) physics, and land surface models are compared. One configuration of the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) model is also included, providing results from an independent development and process flow. Specific phenomena of interest for air quality studies are examined. All model configurations are biased toward higher wind speeds than observed. The diurnal cycle of wind direction and speed (land–sea-breeze cycle) as modeled and observed by a wind profiler at Los Angeles International Airport is examined. Each of the models shows different flaws in the cycle. Soundings from San Nicolas Island, a case study involving the Research Vessel (R/V) Atlantis and the NOAA P3 aircraft, and satellite images are used to evaluate simulation performance for cloudy boundary layers. In a case study, the boundary layer structure over the water is poorly simulated by all of the WRF configurations except one with the total energy–mass flux boundary layer scheme and ECMWF reanalysis. The original WRF configuration had a substantial bias toward low PBL heights in the San Joaquin Valley, which are improved in the final configuration. WRF runs with 12-km grids have larger errors in wind speed and direction than those present in the 4-km grid runs.
The Relationship of Weather Salience with the Perceptions and Uses of Weather Information in a Nationwide Sample of the United States
Authors: Stewart Alan E. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Morss Rebecca E. , Demuth Julie L.
Published: May 2012

The authors used data from a sample of 1465 adults living in the United States to perform a confirmatory factor analysis on the Weather Salience Questionnaire (WxSQ), a 29-item instrument designed to measure the ways in which weather is psychologically significant for people. The original measurement model of the WxSQ was confirmed in the present sample. Additional work also was performed to create a WxSQ short form consisting of seven items. The authors then examined the relationship of weather salience with the respondents’ climate zones of residence and several other weather-related attitudes and behaviors that were assessed in the national sample. People residing in continental and temperate climates expressed significantly more weather salience than those living in dry climates. Further, weather salience was significantly and positively related to the following: 1) the frequency with which people sought weather information and forecasts, 2) the frequency of seeking weather information during the day, 3) the frequency of using forecasts to plan daily activities, 4) seeking weather information for wider geographic areas, and 5) the use of precipitation and temperature forecasts. Weather salience also was significantly and positively related to the confidence people expressed about National Weather Service forecasts and to the perceived importance of these forecasts. The results imply that peoples’ level of weather salience, at least in part, affects their uses of weather information and their confidence in it. These results support the validity of the WxSQ and also reveal some of the psychological bases of people’s perceptions and uses of weather information.
Tobacco smoking among people living with a psychotic illness: The second Australian survey of psychosis
Authors: Cooper Jae , Mancuso Serafino G , Borland Ron , Slade Tim , Galletly Cherrie , Castle David
Published: May 2012

Objective:

The aims of this study were to (a) describe patterns of tobacco smoking among Australians living with a psychotic illness and (b) explore the association between smoking and measures of psychopathology, psychiatric history, psychosocial functioning, physical health, substance use and demographic characteristics.

Methods:

Data were from 1812 participants in the 2010 Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis. Participants were aged 18–64 years and resided in seven mental health catchment sites across five states of Australia. Bivariate statistics were used to compare smokers with non-smokers on the measures of interest, and to compare ICD-10 diagnostic categories on measures of smoking prevalence, nicotine addiction and quitting history. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test whether (a) demographics and psychiatric history were associated with having ever smoked and (b) whether symptoms and psychosocial functioning were independently associated with current smoking, after controlling for demographics, psychiatric history and substance use.

Results:

The prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 66.6% (72% of men and 59% of women); lifetime prevalence was 81%. In univariate analyses, individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were most likely to be smoking tobacco (70%) and were more nicotine dependent. Smokers reported worse perceived physical health, lower body mass index and waist circumference, and more lifetime medical conditions. A younger age of illness onset, male gender and low education were associated with having ever smoked. Associations with current smoking included low education, male gender, no formal employment, worse negative symptoms, higher daily caffeine consumption, and alcohol dependence and substance abuse/dependence.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of tobacco smoking is high amongst people with a psychotic disorder, and is associated with adverse mental health symptoms as well as high rates of other substance use, poorer subjective physical health, and a higher risk of the many known health consequences of smoking.
Karl Rahner’s Theology of Dying and Death: Normative Implications for the Permanent Vegetative State Patient
Authors: Lawler Michael G. , Salzman Todd A.
Published: May 2012

Pope John Paul II’s March 2004 Allocution on ‘Life Sustaining Treatments and Vegetative State’ invigorated the discussion of end-of-life issues in Catholic moral theology. Missing from both the affirmative and negative responses to the Allocution was any discussion of a Catholic theology of dying and death. In this article, we seek to remedy that lack by articulating both a Catholic theology of dying and death and its implications for the care of Permanent Vegetative State (PVS) patients. We argue that John Paul’s Allocution and the CDF’s Responses and Commentary that followed it give priority to dying as a physical, biological event and thus threaten both a patient’s corporeal-spiritual reality and the essential freedom to determine dying and death as an act of personal freedom. Substantive implications for the treatment of permanent vegetative state patients flow from our analysis of these documents and their relationship to the traditional Catholic principles guiding end-of-life treatment.
Moving Beyond the Intensive Behavior Treatment Versus Eclectic Dichotomy
Authors: Odom Samuel , Hume Kara , Boyd Brian , Stabel Aaron
Published: May 2012

Professionals serving students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in inclusive classroom settings face the challenge of selecting and successfully implementing evidence-based intervention strategies. Many propose that Intensive Behavioral Treatment (IBT) is the most efficacious approach for learners with ASD. Evidence for this approach is often established by comparing the IBT model to a condition described as “eclectic”. In this paper, authors examine the IBT vs. eclectic literature, acknowledge the potential efficacy of the IBT model with preschool-aged children, suggest concerns about efficacy studies that have compared IBT and eclectic programs, point out that most of the studies were restricted in the age range of their participants, and note that few were implemented in inclusive settings. The authors propose that a technical eclectic approach can be beneficial for children and youth with ASD if it is conceptually grounded, incorporates evidence-based focused intervention practices, and is well implemented. A detailed example of such a technical eclectic program model is provided and the practicality of such an approach in inclusive settings for children and youth with ASD and their families is discussed.
Improving Generalization of Peer Socialization Gains in Inclusive School Settings Using Initiations Training
Authors: Koegel Lynn K. , Kuriakose Sarah , Singh Anjileen K. , Koegel Robert L.
Published: May 2012

Social engagement by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in unstructured school settings generally occurs at very low levels, if at all. Although many interventions improve peer socialization, generalization and maintenance of such gains when interventions are faded are typically low. The present study employed a multiple baseline design across participants to target generalization in the absence of interventionists in elementary school children with ASD at recess. Teaching initiations has been suggested as one method to increase generalization. The results of the present study showed that when initiations were targeted during intervention for social play, the participants demonstrated generalized peer social engagement, increases in unprompted peer-directed initiations, and more positive affect during peer interactions. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and applied implications of incorporating initiations training into social interventions.
Self-Compassion Increases Self-Improvement Motivation
Authors: Breines Juliana G. , Chen Serena
Published: May 2012

Can treating oneself with compassion after making a mistake increase self-improvement motivation? In four experiments, the authors examined the hypothesis that self-compassion motivates people to improve personal weaknesses, moral transgressions, and test performance. Participants in a self-compassion condition, compared to a self-esteem control condition and either no intervention or a positive distraction control condition, expressed greater incremental beliefs about a personal weakness (Experiment 1); reported greater motivation to make amends and avoid repeating a recent moral transgression (Experiment 2); spent more time studying for a difficult test following an initial failure (Experiment 3); exhibited a preference for upward social comparison after reflecting on a personal weakness (Experiment 4); and reported greater motivation to change the weakness (Experiment 4). These findings suggest that, somewhat paradoxically, taking an accepting approach to personal failure may make people more motivated to improve themselves.
Hospital Readmissions for Catheter‐Related Bloodstream Infection and Use of Ethanol Lock Therapy
Authors: Corrigan Mandy L. , Pogatschnik Cassandra , Konrad Denise , Kirby Donald F.
Published: May 2012

Background: Catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is the most serious long‐term infectious complication of long‐term home parenteral nutrition (PN). Ethanol is being used more commonly as a catheter locking solution in the home PN setting for prevention of CRBSI; however, no current literature reports the use of ethanol lock (ETL) in skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients. Methods: The authors evaluated the number of hospital readmissions for CRBSI and length of stay between SNF (not receiving ETL) and home patients (receiving or not receiving ETL) receiving PN or intravenous fluid therapy. Results: SNF patients had a significantly longer length of stay (LOS) for CRBSI hospital admissions compared with patients receiving PN at home with or without ETL (P < .001; 16 vs 8 vs 8 days). There was no LOS difference for CRBSI between home patients with or without ETL. Home PN patients not receiving ETL were more likely to have a CRBSI from Staphylococcus sp (48% vs 27%; P = .015), whereas SNF PN patients not receiving ETL were more likely to have a CRBSI from Enterococcus sp (16% vs 3%; P = .004). Conclusion: Despite different causative organisms and medical acuity likely affecting the differences observed in LOS, the SNF population is another setting ETL can be used to prevent CRBSI.
Technology adoption by small businesses: An exploratory study of the interrelationships of owner and environmental factors
Authors: Peltier James W. , Zhao Yushan , Schibrowsky John A.
Published: May 2012

An integrative small business adoption of a technology model, which incorporates consumer and organizational behavior theories, is developed and tested to explore the direct and indirect impacts of owner and environmental factors on information technology adoption. Through structural equations modeling we present and test a conceptual framework that examines the interrelationships between owner-related characteristics and perceptions, and environmental-related constructs to predict the adoption of information technology by small retailers. The results indicate that all the tested variables affect the adoption of technology by small businesses directly and/or indirectly through mediating variables. The study advances the literature by creating a small business technology adoption model (SBTAM) that highlights the importance of examining interrelationships between the independent variables. The results have significant implications pertaining to organizations interested in marketing technological innovations to retailers and for small retailers that use this technology.
Interferential light therapy in the treatment of shoulder tendinopathies: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Montes-Molina Ramón , Martínez-Rodríguez Maria Elena , Rodríguez Ana Belén Romojaro , Martínez-Ruiz Fidel , Prieto-Baquero Almudena
Published: May 2012

Objectives:

To test the safety of the diode light therapy and evaluate the advantages of the interferential effect of two light probes versus a conventional light probe in the relief of shoulder pain and disability caused by shoulder tendinopathies.

Design:

Randomized single-blind pilot study.

Setting:

Clinical electrotherapy unit.

Participants:

A total of 30 patients with shoulder pain from tendinopathies.

Interventions:

The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 ( n = 15) received interferential light therapy generated by two independent and identical cluster probes composed of light emitting and superluminescent diodes. Similarly, two applicators were applied in group 2 ( n = 15), but only one was active, as in conventional clinical therapy. Each multi-diode cluster probe was composed of seven light-emitting diodes at 600 nm and 12 superluminescent diodes at 950 nm.

Main outcome measures:

Pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) at day, at night and during several shoulder movements. Shoulder functional status was measured by means of the University California Los Angeles scale (UCLA).

Results:

Comparison between both treatments using the Mann–Whitney U-test showed better results for the interferential treatment. There were significant differences in pain reduction during abduction ( P < 0.05) and external rotation ( P < 0.05), with pain reductions in abduction and external rotation of 1.5 (± 1.3) and 0.5 (± 1.0) respectively.

Conclusion:

Interferential light therapy was safe and effective regarding the shoulder pain reduction during abduction and external rotation movements. The estimated size sample needed for future two-treatment parallel-design studies will require about 60 patients.
The KIT object models database: An object model database for object recognition, localization and manipulation in service robotics
Authors: Kasper Alexander , Xue Zhixing , Dillmann Rüdiger
Published: May 2012

For the execution of object recognition, localization and manipulation tasks, most algorithms use object models. Most models are derived from, or consist of two-dimensional (2D) images and/or three-dimensional (3D) geometric data. The system described in this article was constructed specifically for the generation of such model data. It allows 2D image and 3D geometric data of everyday objects be obtained semi-automatically. The calibration provided allows 2D data to be related to 3D data. Through the use of high-quality sensors, high-accuracy data is achieved. So far over 100 objects have been digitized using this system and the data has been successfully used in several international research projects. All of the models are freely available on the web via a front-end that allows preview and filtering of the data.
Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Kipfer Stefan , Saberi Parastou , Wieditz Thorben
Published: May 2012

Aided with French and German scholarship, this paper takes stock of Henri Lefebvre’s relevance in contemporary English-speaking urban research on social movements, postcolonial situations, the state, scale, gender, urban political ecology, regulation, and the right to the city. What becomes clear from this survey is that Lefebvre’s capacity to contribute to cutting-edge urban research requires a selective translation of his work. While the modalities of translating Lefebvre vary depending on the subject matter, transfiguring Lefebvre for today is most plausible when taking into account the dialectical nature of his urbanism and the open-ended and integral character of his marxism.
A Retrospective Study of Nurse‐Assisted Propofol Sedation in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Undergoing Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy
Authors: Kawa Chad , Stewart James , Hilden Kristen , Adler Douglas G. , Tietze Christopher , Bromberg Mark B. , Fang John C.
Published: May 2012

Background:

Percutaneous endscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement is standard in the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) unable to maintain adequate oral nutrition. This has been performed using conscious sedation with narcotics/benzodiazepines. However, recent studies suggest that propofol sedation is superior for other endoscopic procedures. In addition, endoscopic PEG placement is not recommended for patients with ALS with a forced vital capacity (FVC) <50%. The authors postulated that nurse‐administered propofol sedation (NAPS) with the addition of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) would be superior to standard sedation with midazolam/fentanyl (M/F) in all patients with ALS regardless of FVC. Here the authors review their retrospective experience of PEG placements in patients with ALS using propofol ± BiPAP vs traditional sedation ± BiPAP.

Results:

Thirty‐one patients received M/F, and 29 received NAPS. BiPAP was used more often in the NAPS group (24/29 NAPS vs 6/31 M/F respectively, P < .0001). Twenty‐nine of 31 PEG placements in the M/F group and 27 of 29 PEG placements in the NAPS group were successful. Seven desaturation events occurred to <90% in the M/F group compared with 1 desaturation event in the NAPS group (P = .05). No other complications were noted.

Conclusion:

PEG placement can be performed safely in patients with ALS with FVC <50% using NAPS with BiPAP.
Contextualizing Restorative Justice for Hate Crime
Authors: Gavrielides Theo
Published: May 2012

The application of restorative justice (RJ) with hate crime remains an underdeveloped field of research, policy, and practice. This article aims to advance the understanding of these two areas of inquiry: RJ and hate crime. It is known that while most hate incidents involve minor, punishable offenses, their impact can be long lasting and detrimental to victims and affected communities. The article investigates how RJ is conceptualized within the hate crime context. The findings are based on a 3-year research program, which combined theoretical analysis, literature review, and U.K.-focused field research that was carried out through a combination of qualitative methods. These included semistructured interviews with an expert sample of practitioners and policy makers as well as focus groups with young victims and offenders of hate incidents. Direct observation was also carried out with two RJ practices.
Theological Ethics as Political Ethics: A Conversation with Raymond Geuss
Authors: Cahill Lisa Sowle
Published: May 2012

Christian ethics is rooted in Christian worship, community, and identity, yet must cooperate across traditions to alleviate global injustices that violate love of God and neighbor. Although practical ethical commitment may be contingent on an experience of ultimacy that is ‘outside ethics’, this experience is not limited to confessing Christians.
Response to Hans Ulrich: The Future and Way of Anglican Ethics
Authors: O’Donovan Joan Lockwood
Published: May 2012

In conversation with Hans Ulrich, this response considers the future and the path of Anglican ethics in the Reformation tradition.
Overview of the Concluding Discussion
Authors: Hordern Joshua , Kimbriel Samuel
Published: May 2012

The symposium, with which the present issue of SCE is concerned, concluded with a frank and probing discussion about the future of theological ethics. It is the purpose of this final contribution to provide a sense of the character of that debate.
A wheel passing a crossing nose: Dynamic analysis under high axle loads using finite element modelling*
Authors: Pletz Martin , Daves Werner , Ossberger Heinz
Published: May 2012

A finite element model for the process of a wheel passing a crossing is presented. In the dynamic model, one wheel, the wing rails and the crossing nose (frog) are modelled. The bogie, the complete wheel set and the support of the crossing are represented as a system consisting of masses, springs, dampers and friction-generating elements. The rolling/sliding behaviour between the wheel and crossing is studied using the proposed model. Due to the conical shape of the wheel tread and multiple contacts between the wheel and the crossing parts, sliding occurs during the transition of the wheel from the wing rail to the crossing nose or vice versa. At the same time, an impact occurs that produces high contact forces. The parameters of the model are the train speed and passing direction, the wheel and the crossing geometry, the axle load and the support of the crossing. In this paper, the crossover process is studied for high axle loads and compared with results of simulations using a normal axle load. Further parameters are three train velocities, both directions of passing and different crossing materials. The loading of the crossing nose is calculated for all cases (axle load, train speed and direction) and materials.
Experimental study of yawed inflow around wind turbine rotor
Authors: Noura Belkheir , Dobrev Ivan , Dizene Rabah , Massouh Fawaz , Khelladi Sofiane
Published: May 2012

In this article, we present an experimental study in a wind tunnel of a three-bladed, Rutland 503 model, horizontal axis yawed wind turbine. Power measurement and an exploration downstream wake of the turbine using particle image velocimetry measurements are performed. The variation of power coefficient as a function of rotational velocity is presented for different yaw angles. The results show a loss of power from the wind turbine when the yaw angle increases. The velocity field of the downstream wake of the rotor is presented in an azimuth plane, which passes through the symmetry axis of the rotor. The instantaneous velocity field is measured and recorded to allow for obtaining the averaged velocity field. The results also show variations in the wake downstream due to decelerating flow caused by the yawed turbine rotor. Analysis of this data shows that the active control of yaw angles could be an advantage to preserve the power from the wind turbine and that details near rotor wake are important for wake theories and to predict the performance of wind turbines as well.
Comparing variational Bayes with Markov chain Monte Carlo for Bayesian computation in neuroimaging
Authors: Nathoo FS , Lesperance ML , Lawson AB , Dean CB
Published: May 2012

In this article, we consider methods for Bayesian computation within the context of brain imaging studies. In such studies, the complexity of the resulting data often necessitates the use of sophisticated statistical models; however, the large size of these data can pose significant challenges for model fitting. We focus specifically on the neuroelectromagnetic inverse problem in electroencephalography, which involves estimating the neural activity within the brain from electrode-level data measured across the scalp. The relationship between the observed scalp-level data and the unobserved neural activity can be represented through an underdetermined dynamic linear model, and we discuss Bayesian computation for such models, where parameters represent the unknown neural sources of interest. We review the inverse problem and discuss variational approximations for fitting hierarchical models in this context. While variational methods have been widely adopted for model fitting in neuroimaging, they have received very little attention in the statistical literature, where Markov chain Monte Carlo is often used. We derive variational approximations for fitting two models: a simple distributed source model and a more complex spatiotemporal mixture model. We compare the approximations to Markov chain Monte Carlo using both synthetic data as well as through the analysis of a real electroencephalography dataset examining the evoked response related to face perception. The computational advantages of the variational method are demonstrated and the accuracy associated with the resulting approximations are clarified.
The Use of Neuroeconomic Games to Examine Social Decision Making in Child and Adolescent Externalizing Disorders
Authors: Sharp Carla
Published: May 2012

Neuroeconomics is a new, interdisciplinary field in which economics, psychology, computational science, and neuroscience converge to allow for examinations of the neural basis of reward-related decision making in social and nonsocial contexts. The aims of this paper are, first, to discuss recent advances in the use of neuroeconomic games to examine social decision making in children and adolescents with externalizing behavior disorders, as an alternative to approaches based on Social Information Processing theory and Theory of Mind; and, second, to summarize the potential neuroeconomics holds for the study of social decision making in populations with externalizing (and other) disorders.
Serum osmolality and effects of water deprivation in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Hall Natalie H. , Isaza Ramiro , Hall James S. , Wiedner Ellen , Conrad Bettina L. , Wamsley Heather L.
Published: May 2012

Serum from 21 healthy, captive Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus) was evaluated by measured and calculated osmolality. Serum osmolality results for this population of Asian elephants had a median of 261 mOsm/kg and an interquartile interval of 258–269 mOsm/kg when measured by freezing point osmometry and a median of 264 mOsm/kg and an interquartile interval of 257–269 mOsm/kg when measured by vapor pressure osmometry. These values are significantly lower than values reported in other mammalian species and have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Calculated osmolality produced unreliable results and needs further study to determine an appropriate formula and its clinical application in this species. A 16-hr water deprivation test in 16 Asian elephants induced a small, subclinical, but statistically significant increase in measured serum osmolality. Serum osmolality, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein by refractometer were sensitive indicators of hydration status. Serum osmolality measurement by freezing point or vapor pressure osmometry is a useful adjunct to routine clinical tests in the diagnostic evaluation of elephants.
Perforating abomasal ulcer caused by yolk sac tumor in a Holstein calf
Authors: Sasaki Hiromi , Goyama Takashi , Noda Yoichiro , Matsumoto Kotaro , Kobayashi Yoshiyasu , Inokuma Hisashi
Published: May 2012

A 2-month-old male Holstein calf showed clinical signs of abdominal bloating, melena, and pain and was suspected of having a perforating abomasal ulcer. Necropsy revealed a large mass located preferentially around the abomasum and a large perforating abomasal ulcer on the pyloric antrum. Milky white masses of various sizes were also found in the abdominal cavity that consisted of agglutinated nodules ranging in size from a pinhead to a golf ball and were distributed on the surfaces of the liver, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, and diaphragm. Microscopic examination revealed that the masses were composed primarily of hyaline matrices, epithelioid tumor cells, and large atypical cells with hyaline droplets and/or vacuoles. Stromal hyaline matrices and hyaline droplets of the large tumor cells stained positive with periodic acid–Schiff stain. Tumor cells showed a positive reaction to anti-human alpha-fetoprotein, which is a marker of yolk sac tumors. These findings strongly suggested that the masses found in the abdominal cavity were yolk sac tumor, a rare germ cell tumor in cattle.
Eigensolution of piezoelectric energy harvesters with geometric discontinuities: Analytical modeling and validation
Authors: Wickenheiser Adam M
Published: May 2012

Although cantilevered beams are the most prolific design for resonant piezoelectric energy harvesters, other topologies have been studied for their compactness or conformability to their host structures’ geometry. These more complex structures have been analyzed using custom analytical models developed from the first principles or finite-element methods to compute their eigensolutions and piezoelectric coupling effects. This article discusses the use of the transfer matrix method to derive analytical solutions to beam structures with pointwise discontinuities, bends, or lumped inertias between members or at the tip. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is used to derive transfer matrices for the uniform beam segments, and point transfer matrices are derived to handle discontinuities in the structure between beam segments. The eigensolution of the transfer matrix is shown to produce the natural frequencies and mode shapes for these structures. Subsequently, the electromechanical coupling effects are incorporated, and the base excitation problem is considered. Parametric case studies are provided for beam structures with varying piezoelectric layer coverage and angle between members. Finally, these results are compared to finite-element solutions using COMSOL, and the modeling discrepancies are discussed. Based on the favorable comparison between these two methods, the utility and accuracy of the transfer matrix method are proven.
Understanding Participation of Preschool-Age Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Chiarello Lisa Ann , Palisano Robert J. , Orlin Margo N. , Chang Hui-Ju , Begnoche Denise , An Mihee
Published: May 2012

Participation in home, school, and community activities is a primary outcome of early intervention services for children with disabilities and their families. The objectives of this study were to (a) describe participation of preschool-age children with cerebral palsy (CP); (b) determine effects of sex, age, and gross motor function on intensity of participation; and (c) identify child, family, and service determinants of intensity of participation. A convenience sample of 85 preschool-age children with CP and their parents participated. Parents completed self-report measures on children’s participation, adaptive behavior, physical function, family functioning, and services. Children’s Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (Palisano, Rosenbaum, Bartlett, & Livingston, 2008) were determined by assessors. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the variance in intensity of participation explained by the determinants. Children with limited self-mobility had a lower intensity of participation than children with independent upright mobility. Adaptive behavior, transfers and basic mobility function, and upper extremity and physical function explained 46% of the variance of intensity of participation.