bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Points Concerning Artisanal Fishing: an Analysis from the Perspective of Artisanal Fishers in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Abreu Juliana Silva , Côrtes Laura Helena de Oliveira , Zappes Camilah Antunes
Published: February 2024

In Southeastern Brazil, artisanal fishing communities reside, operate and suffer from interference originating from various economic branches. Thus, this study is aimed at identifying the critical points concerning the practice of artisanal fishing from the traditional knowledge of artisanal fishers in the coastal mesoregion of ES. 102 ethnographic interviews were conducted in 2022 with artisanal fishers through a semistructured questionnaire containing both open and closed questions. The critical points of fishing were identified through a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats). All the participants were men (n=102; 100%), and they reported that negative critical points (weaknesses and threats) exert the greatest influence on fishing. From the perspective of these fishers, the main problems that interfere with artisanal fishing are the lack of adequate fish storage, the precariousness of the vessels, the reduction in fish stocks, the high perishability of fish, the devaluation of traditional knowledge, and the presence of middlemen that prevent the commercialization of fish production from moving directly from the fisher to the final consumer. The identification of these critical points enables the recognition of flaws in the production chain and the realization that they can be minimized through public policies and comanagement strategies related to the economic, ecological, and social development of the sector.
Transformação digital e urgência da cultura de dados na Administração Pública brasileira
Authors: Philippi Juliana Horn Machado
Published: February 2024

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) estão cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano, com impactos na sociedade e, consequentemente, na Administração Pública, que deve acompanhar o desenvolvimento tecnológico e as necessidades e anseios sociais. É possível dizer que há uma mudança de paradigma com a digitalização, com um mundo “phygital” (ou “figital” em português, resultante da junção de físico com digital), e que se vive em uma sociedade da informação. Nessa realidade, está em curso a transformação digital da Administração Pública, marcada pela evolução do governo eletrônico paro o governo aberto e o governo digital, marcado pelo uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) não apenas como instrumento, mas sim para aproximar a população da Administração Pública, de forma a permitir sua participação e controle, bem como a prestação de serviços públicos. É imprescindível a atenção aos direitos fundamentais, sobretudo os sociais, no governo digital, de modo que este não deve se limitar à desburocratização e eficiência administrativa, mas sim atender a verdadeira inovação e inclusão das diversas camadas sociais e da própria Administração Pública na verdadeira inclusão digital. Ademais, é inegável que existe desigualdade no acesso à internet e tecnologias não apenas na sociedade, mas também na própria Administração Pública, sobretudo em um país de dimensões continentais e tantas desigualdades como o Brasil. Portanto, há a necessidade de minimização dessas diferenças e efetiva implantação de uma cultura de dados na Administração Pública, para que haja consciência quanto à ética no uso, armazenamento, tratamento e compartilhamento dos dados obtidos no âmbito do governo digital. Assim, em estudo realizado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e com o emprego do método dedutivo, entende-se que, para que sejam atendidos os direitos fundamentais no governo digital, deve haver atenção especial ao direito fundamental à proteção de dados, com constante atenção à segurança dos dados e capacitação dos agentes públicos, com reforço da ética no manejo dos dados pessoais, para que não ocorram vazamentos e nem compartilhamentos ilegais e indevidos.
Perbandingan Hasil Recovery Tools Mobile Forensic Di Smartphone Android Menggunakan Metode National Institute Of Justice (NIJ)
Authors: Fadillah Muhammad Fadil , Yuniati Trihastuti
Published: February 2024

Penggunaan smartphone di Indonesia mencapai 192,15 juta pengguna aktif pada tahun 2022, menjadikannya pasar terbesar keempat di dunia. Namun, pertumbuhan ini juga berdampak pada meningkatnya tindak kejahatan siber, tercatat sebanyak 8,831 kasus selama tahun tersebut. Penelitian tentang efektivitas alat pemulihan mobile forensic pada smartphone Android dapat menjadi acuan pemilihan alat uji mobile forensic baik untuk kebutuhan penyelidikan maupun akademis. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian terhadap dua tools mobile forensic, yaitu Andriller yang merupakan aplikasi open source, dan MOBILedit Forensic Express Pro yang merupakan aplikasi berbayar, untuk mengetahui seberapa tingkat recovery yang mampu dilakukan oleh kedua tools tersebut. Penelitian dengan metode National Institute of Justice (NIJ) menemukan bahwa kedua software yang digunakan dapat digunakan untuk analisis mobile forensic tanpa akses root ke smartphone. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan MOBILedit Forensic Express Pro memiliki tingkat pemulihan data yang lebih tinggi (83,33%) dibandingkan dengan Andriller (50%). Dari hasil ini diharapkan dapat membantu dalam memilih alat atau software mobile forensic dalam proses penyelidikan maupun kebutuhan akademis.
Kata kunci: digital forensik, mobile forensic, national institute of justice
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The usage of smartphones in Indonesia reached 192.15 million active users in 2022, making it the fourth largest market in the world. However, this growth has also led to an increase in cybercrime, with 8,831 cases reported during that year. A research on the effectiveness of mobile forensic recovery tools on Android smartphones, can be a reference for selecting mobile forensic testing tools for both investigative and academic needs. In this research, two mobile forensic tools were tested, namely Andriller, which is an open source application, and MOBILedit Forensic Express Pro, which is a paid application, to find out what level of recovery these two tools are capable of. Research using the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) method found that the two software used can be used for mobile forensic analysis without root access to a smartphone. The test results indicated that MOBILedit Forensic Express Pro achieved a higher data recovery rate (83.33%) compared to Andriller (50%). These findings are expected to aid in selecting suitable mobile forensic tools for investigative and academic purposes.
Keywords: digital forensik, mobile forensic, national institute of justice
Abordagem sobre Educação Ambiental nos Projetos Pedagogicos de Cursos das Licenciaturas do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Confresa
Authors: Coelho Gisllaynne Rayanne Borges , Lopes Thiago Beirigo , Alves Ana Claudia Tasinaffo
Published: February 2024

É necessário formar cidadãos conscientes e aptos a interagirem de modo positivo diante da realidade que possam enfrentar em relação a degradação ambiental no mundo. Também é essencial que o Estado promova a Educação Ambiental em todos os níveis de ensino, conforme disposto na Constituição Federal e ainda não evidenciado integralmente dada a complexa problemática socioambiental. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo que teve o objetivo de analisar como é abordada e tratada a Educação Ambiental em cada Projeto Pedagógico de Curso dos cursos de licenciatura do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso - Campus Confresa. Para tanto foram analisados os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos da instituição quanto às indicações sobre o tratamento do tema Educação Ambiental nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos de Licenciatura em Biologia, Licenciatura em Física e Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza com Habilitação em Química. Foi constatado que os Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos dos cursos foco dessa investigação necessitam ser reestruturados para contemplarem plenamente a legislação vigente.
Kuasa Pengetahuan dalam Rantai Nilai Industri Mebel di Jepara
Authors: Prameswari Yoga Putra , Ardianto Hendra Try
Published: February 2024

Artikel ini bermaksud menelusuri jejak praktik kuasa pengetahuan dalam industri mebel di Jepara dengan menggunakan pendekatan ekonomi politik melalui teori kuasa pengetahuan dan rantai nilai global. Dalam rantai nilai pada industri mebel, ada beragam aktor dan kepentingan yang saling berkelindan mulai dari pemerintah, sektor bisnis, dan masyarakat sipil dimana relasi antar aktor tersebut selalu ada praktik kuasa, khususnya melalui instrumen ekonomi dan pengetahuan. Artikel ini akan berfokus pada praktik kuasa pengetahuan yang beroperasi melalui wacana tentang Sertifikat Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) dan hak cipta. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus, yakni sebuah metode untuk memahami sebuah kasus yang ditelaah secara intensif dan mendalam. Temuan dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan Uni Eropa tercermin dari upaya membangun kuasa pengetahuan melalui wacana politik yang mampu mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia, bahkan berimplikasi pada dinamika industri lokal di Jepara. Adapun kesimpulannya memperlihatkan kuasa pengetahuan melalui instrumen SVLK dan hak cipta menjadikan rantai nilai industri mabel hanya menguntungkan para pelaku ekspor-import (pedagang global) dan meminggirkan posisi pengrajin dan pengusaha mebel berskala kecil.
The Impact of Weak Marine Debris Governance on the Increased Environmental Insecurity in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sudirman Arfin , Idris Idris , Siswandi Achmad Gusman , Adolf Huala , Fadilah Edta Muhammad , Maulana Mursal , Hakiki Falhan
Published: February 2024

The Southeast Asian region is home to five countries that are included in the list of the top 10 countries that produce marine debris in the world. Although there are a lot of efforts to handle the situation through the creation of marine debris governance in the region such as the ASEAN Regional Action Plan, not much has changed. This article aims to determine what Is the cause of weak marine debris governance and how it is impacted the increasing environmental insecurity In Southeast Asia based on the concept of policy harmonization and environmental security according to John Barnett's thinking which divides its meaning into three forms, namely changes in the environment, threats to national security, human security, and triggers for conflict. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. Researchers found that weak marine debris governance formed as the result of a lack of policy harmonization between countries in the region regarding marine debris pollution and that environmental degradation that ensued had implications for the scarcity of marine resources, which is one of the main economic driving sectors for countries in the region and the possibility to contribute to fisheries conflicts that often occur in the South China Sea, which poses a threat to the national security of the surrounding countries. In addition, this environmental issue also creates human insecurity in the form of economic losses for coastal communities as well as health hazards for the human body.
Refleksi Budaya Politik dan Perilaku Memilih Suku Sunda
Authors: Herdiansah Ari Ganjar , Al-Banjari Husin M.
Published: February 2024

Tulisan ini mencoba mengungkap gambaran budaya politik etnis kontemporer yang dapat dicapai melalui pendekatan perilaku memilih dan kajian budaya etnis. Studi dilakukan pada etnis Sunda, kelompok etnis terbesar kedua di Indonesia yang memiliki dampak elektoral signifikan pada tingkat nasional tetapi tidak banyak literatur yang membahas budaya politiknya. Menggunakan metode gabungan kuantitatif berbasis survei dan kualitatif berbasis studi literatur, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penekanan pemilih Sunda terhadap pertimbangan faktor agama dan etnis dimaknai sebagai tuntutan etika dan keharmonisan nilai budaya ketimbang konservatisme agama. Pemilih Sunda menyukai kandidat yang mewakili nilai-nilai ideal kepemimpinan Sunda, seperti cerdas, ramah, santun, dan berwibawa. Gambaran tersebut sejalan dengan karakteristik dualitas budaya politik Sunda yang di satu sisi mengedepankan keharmonisan, taktik, dan penghormatan; sedangkan di sisi lainnya cenderung pasif dan menghindari cara konfrontatif.
Cultural Taboos, "Mystical Practices" and Perceived Business Performances in the Informal Sector: An Exploration of Bayam-Sellams in African Local Markets
Authors: Pierre Emmanuel Ndebi , Jean-Hubert Etoundi
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to highlight the reality of unorthodox commercial practices in markets, by local vendors of the informal sector in Africa. An in-depth analysis of a sample of twenty-four (24) petty traders reveals that these traders use both common sense, by developing proximity to their market, and the mystical dimension of their cultural era, to achieve their commercial performance objectives. In so doing, they perceive this mystical dimension as being effective in attracting customers, building customer loyalty and making their business more competitive.
Influence Analysis of Gojek Indonesia’s Corporate Social Responsibilty (CSR) on Corporate Image (Case of NGO “Yayasan Anak Bangsa Bisa”)
Authors: Larasati Meuthya , Kartikawangi Dorien
Published: February 2024

During the pandemic of 2020, Gojek Indonesia established a non-profit organization named Yayasan Anak Bangsa Bisa that aims to distribute aid and support to the stakeholders affected by the pandemic. This research seeks to discover if any influence is caused by implementing Gojek Indonesia’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on corporate image. The theories used in this research are the CSR Dimension Pyramid as the independent variable and Elements of Corporate Image as the dependent variable. The method used is descriptive quantitative, with a questionnaire as the chosen data collection method. This research concluded that there is a 40,2% positive influence between CSR implementation and Gojek Indonesia’s corporate image. Though the result is positive, Gojek Indonesia’s actions have not yet exceeded the public’s expectations. Gojek Indonesia’s overall corporate image is a trusted, innovative, and unique company. However, the corporate identity element, specifically the slogan ‘Pasti Ada Jalan,’ is still unfamiliar to the public. Thus, this research recommends that the following study consider the actions taken based on the existing corporate image and an interview with Gojek Indonesia’s team as an additional data collection method. A more practical recommendation is for Gojek Indonesia’s team to conduct social listening to observe the public’s expectations of CSR actions and add the slogan ‘Pasti Ada Jalan’ to their application and services layout.
Instytucjonalizacja aktywności parlamentów narodowych w systemie Unii Europejskiej. Analiza deterministyczna
Authors: Czachór Zbigniew
Published: February 2024

Przedmiotem badań zawartym w artykule jest proces instytucjonalizacji aktywności parlamentów narodowych w systemie Unii Europejskiej. Natomiast celem badawczym stał się wpływ Unii Europejskiej na proces wyodrębniania parlamentów narodowych ujmowanych jako aktorów systemowych i funkcji przez nich sprawowanych, prowadzący do autonomicznego modelu koordynacji zarządzania kompetencjami UE. W artykule udowodniono hipotezę, iż parlamenty narodowe w Unii Europejskiej przez 30 lat integracji wytworzyły wspólnotę, będącą efektem zastosowania szczególnych form deterministycznej instytucjonalizacji, formalizujących więzi między nimi i instytucjami UE. Instytucjonalizacja ta opierała się na zapewnieniu właściwej realizacji ich wspólnych wartości, interesów i celów. Zastosowana w artykule metodologia instytucjonalizmu historycznego umożliwia wyjaśnienie procesowego przystosowania ram instytucjonalnych parlamentów narodowych do zmian w środowisku wewnętrznym UE, które skutkuje powiązaniem rzeczywistości integracyjnej z preferencjami jej poszczególnych aktorów instytucjonalnych. Przeprowadzona analiza doprowadziła autora do wniosku, iż aktywności parlamentów narodowych w UE warunkuje determinizm historyczny w postaci uzależnienia od dokonanych w przeszłości wyborów (path dependency). Z tego punktu widzenia należy uznać, że traktat o powołaniu Unii Europejskiej z Maastricht i zawarta w nim formuła instytucjonalna przesądziła o miejscu parlamentów w systemie integracji europejskiej.
In memoriam Profesora Marcelego Kosmana (1940–2023)
Authors: Wallas Tadeusz
Published: February 2024

In memoriam Profesora Marcelego Kosmana (1940–2023)
Rola edukacji obywatelskiej we współczesnym państwie demokratycznym. Wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Rachwał Marcin
Published: February 2024

Przedmiot badań podjętych w artykule stanowi edukacja obywatelska rozumiana jako proces przygotowania jednostek do pełnienia roli obywateli. Celem dociekań naukowych było wskazanie roli edukacji obywatelskiej we współczesnym państwie demokratycznym. Problem badawczy uściślono poprzez pięć pytań szczegółowych: a) jak można zdefiniować edukację obywatelską? b) jaka jest rola obywateli we współczesnych państwach demokratycznych? c) jaki zakres wiedzy, umiejętności i kompetencji społecznych powinni nabywać obywatele państw demokratycznych w ramach edukacji obywatelskiej? d) jakie wyzwania dla edukacji obywatelskiej pojawiają się w kontekście procesów zachodzących we współczesnym świecie? e) w jakiej perspektywie (nauk społecznych czy humanistycznych) powinny zostać osadzone treści programowe edukacji obywatelskiej?

W trakcie prac nad tekstem niniejszego artykułu podstawowe znaczenie odegrały dwie metody badawcze, tj. metoda analizy i krytyki piśmiennictwa (źródeł), jak również podejście systemowe. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, iż edukacja obywatelska powinna przede wszystkim przygotowywać suwerena do aktywnego i świadomego udziału w funkcjonowaniu systemu politycznego (partycypacji politycznej, w tym wyborczej), życia w społeczeństwie pluralistycznym, powinna kształtować postawę otwartą i prodemokratyczną. Treści programowe edukacji obywatelskiej powinny być osadzone w perspektywie nauk społecznych. W ramach tej dziedziny w szczególności należy uwzględnić nauki o polityce i administracji, ponadto na znaczeniu powinna zyskiwać edukacja medialna.
Non-political Factors of Multi-term Incumbency in the Governance Process of Staying in Power in Poland. Selected Cases of Mayors
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Bartosz , Pachciarek Hubert
Published: February 2024

Acquiring and retaining of power is one of the main research areas in political science. Multi-term has been the subject of numerous analyses in the field of political science. The authors of this article have chosen to explore this area interdisciplinarily – in socio-economic terms. The aim of this article is to explore the potential links between multi-term incumbency and selected non-political factors that may be important in the process of managing mayors’ Staying in power. The main research question corresponds closely to the aim of the article, and the specific research questions are: are there relationships between mayoral multi-term incumbency and factors such as own income, investment expenditure and unemployment? Furthermore, in the process of managing staying in power, do governors use tools related to the so-called “political business cycle”? In this study, the comparative method and elements of the quantitative method – to analyse structure and dynamics – were applied; a comparison of the selected factors was made in 13 selected medium-sized cities in Poland, where the mayor has been in power continuously since at least 2002. The analyses carried out show that the cities’ own income co-varies with multi-term incumbency in the surveyed units, while investment expenditure and unemployment levels are unrelated to the mayors’ staying in power. In addition, the authorities were unlikely to use tools linked to the political business cycle.
Resistance training does not increase myocellular garbage dumps: A pilot study on lipofuscin in skeletal muscle fibers of resistance trained young men
Authors: Jacko Daniel , Masur Lukas , Schaaf Kirill , Zacher Jonas , Bersiner Käthe , de Marées Markus , Bloch Wilhelm , Gehlert Sebastian
Published: February 2024

Lipofuscin (LF) is an intracellular aggregate associated with proteostatic impairments, especially prevalent in nondividing skeletal muscle fibers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) drive LF‐formation. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle performance but also increases ROS production, potentially promoting LF‐formation. Thus, we aimed to investigate if RT of a mesocycle duration increases LF‐formation in type‐I and II muscle fibers and whether RT increases the antioxidant capacity (AOC) in terms of SOD1 and SOD2 content. An intervention group (IG) performed 14 eccentrically accented RT‐sessions within 7 weeks. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and after the intervention from IG as well as from a control group (CG) which refrained from RT for the same duration. LF was predominantly found near nuclei, followed by membrane‐near and a minor amount in the fiber core, with corresponding spot sizes. Overall, LF‐content was higher in type‐I than type‐II fibers (p < 0.05). There was no increase in LF‐content in type‐I or IIA fibers, neither for the IG following RT nor for the CG. The same is valid for SOD1/2. We conclude that, in healthy subjects, RT can be safely performed, without adverse effects on increased LF‐formation.
New morphological data for two rare species of sand-dwelling marine dinoflagellates, Amphidiniella sedentaria and Pachena cf. leibnizii
Authors: Selina Marina S. , Morozova Tatiana V.
Published: February 2024

Benthic dinoflagellates have been the subject of extensive taxonomic research in recent decades. Studies of morphologies of already known species of benthic dinoflagellates from various geographical populations remain relevant, as these allow elucidation of some details that were overlooked in the original species descriptions or assessment of their morphological variability. In the present study, two rare species of dinoflagellates, Amphidiniella sedentaria and Pachena cf. leibnizii, have been studied, for the first time, from coastal sands of the northwestern Sea of Japan. In the cells of A. sedentaria from the Sea of Japan, we have found two anterior intercalar plates instead of one. Therefore, the original formula has been changed to APC 4′ 2a 7″ 5c 4s 6‴ 2⁗. As a result of the examination of P. cf. leibnizii from the Sea of Japan, we have counted seven precingular plates and six cingular plates, instead of six and five, respectively, indicated in the original description. The plate formula of the cells of P. cf. leibnizii from the Sea of Japan is APC 4′ 3a 7″ 6c 5s 5‴ 2⁗. It is currently difficult to judge whether these differences are morphological variations. Therefore, we have identified these cells as P. cf. leibnizii.
Decay resistance of southern pine wood containing varying amounts of resin against Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt.
Authors: Hassan Babar , Francis Lesley , Hayes R. Andrew , Shirmohammadi Maryam
Published: February 2024

Resin production in wood tissues is a regular feature of pine wood species, including southern pine. High resin contents of southern pine wood may increase wood resistance against decay fungi. The current study investigated the effect of resin contents in southern pine wood on decay resistance by exposing non-extracted heartwood, mixed wood (sapwood + heartwood), and sapwood blocks with varying resin content to brown rot, Fomitopsis ostreiformis in a laboratory decay test. Matching blocks of each wood type were successively extracted in a Soxhlet using three solvents to determine resin content and were exposed to decay fungus in parallel. Results showed that mass losses in non-extracted heartwood and mixed wood depended on resin content levels, and very shallow or no mass losses were observed in blocks containing more than 31 % resin content. Sapwood experienced high mass losses, but the presence of resinous extractives significantly increased the decay resistance. All solvent-extracted blocks experienced high mass loss (53–55 %). Scanning electron microscopy showed that penetration of brown rot hyphae and cell damage depended on the resin contents of blocks. Most of the identified compounds through GC-MS belonged to oleoresins, among which monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes were more abundant in heartwood than sapwood.
Racial Capitalism and Global Labour Studies – a Missed Encounter ?
Authors: Nowak Jörg
Published: February 2024

Despite of the centrality of the topic of labour in the 1983 book by Cedric Robinson, Black Marxism, global labour studies have devoted little attention to the concept of racial capitalism that became established with Robinson’s book. Robinson’s main claim is that the first proletariat formed in the plantations in colonized countries from about the 16th century, calling into question the crucial relevance of the industrial proletariat in England (and Europe) for the emergence of the labour movement. In taking up recent debates on racial capitalism that are inspired by Robinson´s work, but which also expand and criticize it, this text proposes a more integrated theorization of race and labour. It also takes up debates about the Plantationocene as a complex dispositive which connects ecological rupture, large scale production and racialised labour.
Everyday Bribery in North Korea as Moral Economy
Authors: Song Jay , Yoon Boyoung , Kim Sungkyung , Zulawnik Adam
Published: February 2024

This study investigates how bribery is defined, negotiated, and practiced in the everyday lives of ordinary North Koreans. Reflecting on interviews spanning over two decades with North Korean migrants in South Korea and China, a team of North Korea experts has identified the patterns of micro-level bribery in everyday life in North Korea that differ, to some extent, from those of other post-communist states in Eastern Europe and Asia. By carefully examining the accounts of ten former North Korean residents, the researchers find that the traditional socialist economy, once prevalent in workplaces, schools, and hospitals, has now been supplanted by individual-to-individual private market interactions. Moreover, bribery serves not only as an informal practice but also as a “moral economy,” which differs from the more organized forms of corruption seen at the elite and enterprise levels.
GLP-1 and PYY for the treatment of obesity: a pilot study on the use of agonists and antagonists in diet-induced rats
Authors: Oertel Marie , Ziegler Christian G , Kohlhaas Michael , Nickel Alexander , Kloock Simon , Maack Christoph , Sequeira Vasco , Fassnacht Martin , Dischinger Ulrich
Published: February 2024

Objective

Combination therapies with gut hormone analogs represent promising treatment strategies for obesity. This pilot study investigates the therapeutic potential of modulators of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) system using GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide) and antagonists (exendin 9-39), as well as non-selective and NPY-Y2-receptor selective peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) analogs (PYY3-36/NNC0165-0020 and NNC0165-1273) and an NPY-Y2 receptor antagonist (JNJ31020028).

Methods

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats were randomized into following treatment groups: group 1, nonselective PYY analog + semaglutide (n = 4); group 2, non-selective and NPY-Y2 receptor selective PYY analog + semaglutide (n = 2); group 3, GLP-1 receptor antagonist + NPY-Y2 receptor antagonist (n = 3); group 4, semaglutide (n = 5); and group 5, control (n = 5). Animals had free access to HFD and low-fat diet. Food intake, HFD preference and body weight were measured daily.

Results

A combinatory treatment with a non-selective PYY analog and semaglutide led to a maximum body weight loss of 14.0 ± 4.9% vs 9.9 ± 1.5% with semaglutide alone. Group 2 showed a maximum weight loss of 20.5 ± 2.4%. While HFD preference was decreased in group 2, a strong increase in HFD preference was detected in group 3.

Conclusions

PYY analogs (especially NPY-Y2 selective receptor agonists) could represent a promising therapeutic approach for obesity in combination with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Additionally, combined GLP-1 and PYY3-36 receptor agonists might have beneficial effects on food preference.
Effectiveness of functional or biomechanical bandages with athletic taping and kinesiotaping in subjects with chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chamorro-Moriana Gema , Perez-Cabezas Veronica , Benitez-Lugo Marisa
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of functional or biomechanical bandages, whether elastic or inelastic, in Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI).

Methods

This review used PubMed, WoS, SCOPUS, and CINAHL following PRISMA and registering in Prospero. Main PICOS: (1) CAI; (2) intervention, functional/biomechanical bandages; (3) comparison, taping effect versus placebo/no taping, or another functional taping; (4) outcomes, improvement of CAI functionality (dynamic/static balance, ankle kinematic, perception, agility and motor control, endurance and strength; (5) experimental and preexperimental studies. The meta-analyses considered mean and s.d. of the results per variable; effect size (ES) of each study and for each type of intervention. Homogeneity (Q), heterogeneity (H
2 and I
2), and 95% CI were calculated.

Results

In total, 28 studies were selected. Significant differences were found for dynamic balance (66.66%) and static balance (87.5%), ankle kinematics (75.00%), perceptions (88.88%), plantar flexor strength (100%), muscle activity (66.6%), endurance (100%), functional performance (100%), and gait (66.6%). The main results of meta-analyses (eight studies) are as follows – h/M ratio soleus, ES: 0.080, 95% CI: −5.219–5.379; h/M ratio peroneus, ES: 0.070, 95% CI: −6.151–6.291; posteromedial KT, ES: 0.042 95% CI: −0.514–0.598; posteromedial—overall, ES: −0.006 95% CI: −1.071–0.819; mSEBT-KT, ES: 0.057 95% CI: −0.281–0.395; mSEBT—overall, ES: −0.035 95% CI: −0.190–0.590.

Conclusions

All biomechanical or functional bandages, whether elastic or inelastic, applied in CAI were favorable, highlighting patient perception, dynamic and static balance, kinematics and agility and motor control, for its effectiveness and evidence. Thus, bandages increase ankle functionality. The meta-analyses found no statistical significance. Clinically, soleus muscle activity, h-reflex/M-responses using fibular reposition with rigid tape, and dynamic balance with combined kinesiotaping during the modified star excursion balance test and with the posteromedial direction found improvements.

Level of evidence

Level of evidence according to Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network: 1+. Level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011: 1.
One-dimensional convolutional neural networks with infrared spectroscopy for classifying the origin of printing paper
Authors: Hwang Sung-Wook , Park Geungyong , Kim Jinho , Kang Kwang-Ho , Lee Won-Hee
Published: February 2024

Herein, the challenge of accurately classifying the manufacturing origin of printing paper, including continent, country, and specific product, was addressed. One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) models trained on infrared (IR) spectrum data acquired from printing paper samples were used for the task. The preprocessing of the IR spectra through a second-derivative transformation and the restriction of the spectral range to 1800 to 1200 cm-1 improved the classification performance of the model. The outcomes were highly promising. Models trained on second-derivative IR spectra in the 1800 to 1200-cm-1 range exhibited perfect classification for the manufacturing continent and country, with an impressive F1 score of 0.980 for product classification. Notably, the developed 1D CNN model outperformed traditional machine learning classifiers, such as support vector machines and feed-forward neural networks. In addition, the application of data point attribution enhanced the transparency of the decision-making process of the model, offering insights into the spectral patterns that affect classification. This study makes a considerable contribution to printing paper classification, with potential implications for accurate origin identification in various fields.
Signal processing and machine learning as a tool for identifying idling noises of different circular saw blades
Authors: Miric-Milosavljevic Mira , Svrzic Srdjan , Nikolić Zoran , Djurkovic Marija , Furtula Mladen , Dedic Aleksandar
Published: February 2024

This study examines the possible utilization of machine learning and decision-making in the woodworking sector. This refers to the recognition of certain sounds produced during tool idling. The physical and geometric properties of the circular saw blade result in different noises being generated during idling. It was assumed that the respective circular saw blades can be recognized by these noises. The noises of three different circular saw blades were examined while idling at the same speed. In order to obtain useful data for the deep learning process, the coarse signals were subjected to frequency analysis. A total of 240 noise samples were taken for each circular saw blade and later subjected to signal processing. Frequency-power spectra were created using a custom program in Matlab Campus Edition software, such as for the spectrograms. A short Fourier transform was used to create the average spectral density plot using self-made software. The input data for the deep learning network was created in Matlab using a custom program. The GoogleNet deep learning network was used as a data classifier. After training the network, an accuracy of 97.5% was achieved in recognizing circular saw blades.
ГЛОБАЛЬНА ГРОШОВА СИСТЕМА В КОНТЕКСТІ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ: НАДНАЦІОНАЛЬНА ВАЛЮТА GES
Authors: ОГНЕВИЙ Володимир
Published: February 2024

Сучасна криза світових фінансів спонукає до пошуку якісно нової міжнародної грошової системи, яка б привела сукупну грошову масу у відповідність із загальною масою вартості реальних активів у світі, тобто встановила глобальний вартісно-грошовий паритет на засадах міцної наднаціональної валюти як платіжного і резервного засобу. Ідеться про переформатування глобальної валютної системи на матеріально-вартісному підґрунті реальної економіки шляхом створення вартісно адекватної міжнаціональної грошової одиниці, що має позбавити світові фінанси від баласту матеріально незабезпеченої грошової маси та сприяти міжнародним розрахункам у торгівлі, кредитуванню, інвестуванню тощо.
З огляду на це, розкрито авторське бачення створення наднаціональної грошової одиниці GES (Grain Equivalent Standard) на базі середньозваженої ринкової вартості зернового еталону Міжнародної ради по зерну (IGC) за алгоритмом: 1 т зерна IGC → біржова вартість зерна IGC (в дол. США) → грошова одиниця 1 GES. Утворена в такий спосіб валюта набуває вартісного масштабу цін, тобто дістає номінально-вартісну прив’язку до певної вартісної величини взятого за еталон матеріального блага, яким є зерно IGC: 1 GES = вартість 1 т зерна IGC. Як наслідок, світова фінансова система, ґрунтуючись на матеріально-вартісних підвалинах реальної економіки, вартісно оптимізує грошову масу та здобуває досконалого інструментарію розрахунку вартісних параметрів (міри вартості) створених працею матеріальних благ, що гарантує якісне виконання фінансово-розрахункових операцій обміну, платежів, накопичення в міжнародних економічних відносинах. Перевага подібної валютної системи полягає в стабільності грошової одиниці за її купівельною спроможністю на тривалу перспективу, оскільки вартість еталонного зерна IGC, на якій базується валюта GES, перебуває в тренді довгострокової тенденції руху вартості переважної маси товарної продукції, що є чи не найважливішою запорукою стабільності світової фінансової архітектури.
Електронно-променеві технології та їх застосування в енергетиці, ракето- та літакобудуванні, медицині
Authors: Нестеренков Володимир Михайлович
Published: February 2024

У доповіді наведено найбільш вагомі результати фундаментальних та прикладних досліджень, проведених в Інституті електрозварювання ім. Є.О. Патона НАН України зі створення електронно-променевих технологій та обладнання для їх реалізації в різних галузях промисловості України.
Child Health Needs and the Child Abuse Pediatrics Workforce: 2020–2040
Authors: Slingsby Brett , Bachim Angela , Leslie Laurel K. , Moffatt Mary E.
Published: February 2024

Child abuse pediatrics (CAP) subspecialists evaluate, diagnose, and treat children when abuse or neglect is suspected. Despite the high rates of child maltreatment across the United States, CAP remains the smallest pediatric subspecialty. The CAP workforce faces numerous challenges, including few fellows entering the field, decreased financial compensation compared with other fields of medicine, and threats to workforce retention, including secondary trauma and harmful exposure in the media. A microsimulation model that estimates the future of the US CAP workforce over the next 20 years shows that, although the number of child abuse pediatricians in the field is expected to increase, the growth is smaller than that of every other pediatric subspecialty. In addition to the low overall CAP workforce in the United States, other workforce issues include the need to increase CAP subspecialists who are underrepresented in medicine and unequal geographic distribution across the country. To meet the medical needs of suspected victims of maltreatment, especially in CAP-underserved areas, many children are evaluated by providers who are not board-certified in CAP, such as general pediatricians, family medicine physicians, emergency medicine physicians, and advanced practice providers, whose CAP experience and training may vary. Current child abuse pediatricians should continue introducing the field to medical students and residents, especially those who identify as underrepresented in medicine or are from CAP-underserved areas, and offer mentorship, continuing education, and oversight to non-CAP physicians meeting this population's medical needs.
Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Workforce: 2020–2040
Authors: Horvat Christopher M. , Hamilton Melinda Fiedor , Hall Mark W. , McGuire John K. , Mink Richard B.
Published: February 2024

This article, focused on the current and future pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) workforce, is part of a supplement in Pediatrics anticipating the future supply of the pediatric subspecialty workforce. It draws on information available in the literature, data from the American Board of Pediatrics, and findings from a model that estimates the future supply of pediatric subspecialists developed by the American Board of Pediatrics Foundation in collaboration with the Carolina Workforce Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Strategic Modeling and Analysis Ltd. A brief history of the field of PCCM is provided, followed by an in-depth examination of the current PCCM workforce and a subsequent evaluation of workforce forecasts from 2020 to 2040. Under baseline conditions, the PCCM workforce is expected to increase by 105% during the forecasted period, more than any other pediatric subspecialty. Forecasts are modeled under a variety of multifactorial conditions meant to simulate the effects of changes to the supply of PCCM subspecialists, with only modest changes observed. Future PCCM workforce demand is unclear, although some suggest an oversupply may exist and that market forces may correct this. The findings generate important questions regarding the future state of the PCCM workforce and should be used to guide trainees considering a PCCM career, subspecialty leaders responsible for hosting training programs, staffing ICUs, and governing bodies that oversee training program accreditation and subspecialist certification.
Child Health Needs and the Developmental–Behavioral Pediatrics Workforce Supply: 2020–2040
Authors: Baum Rebecca A. , Berman Brad D. , Fussell Jill J. , Patel Rohan , Roizen Nancy J. , Voigt Robert G. , Leslie Laurel K.
Published: February 2024

Developmental–behavioral pediatrics (DBP) subspecialists care for children with complex neurodevelopmental and behavioral health conditions; additional roles include education and training, advocacy, and research. In 2023, there were 1.0 DBP subspecialists per 100 000 US children aged 0 to 17 years (range 0.0–3.8), with wide variability in DBP subspecialist distribution. Given the prevalence of DB conditions, the current workforce is markedly inadequate to meet the needs of patients and families. The American Board of Pediatrics Foundation led a modeling project to forecast the US pediatric subspecialty workforce from 2020 to 2040 using current trends in each subspecialty. The model predicts workforce supply at baseline and across alternative scenarios and reports results in headcount (HC) and HC adjusted for percent time spent in clinical care, termed “clinical workforce equivalent.” For DBP, the baseline model predicts HC growth nationally (+45%, from 669 to 958), but these extremely low numbers translate to minimal patient care impact. Adjusting for population growth over time, projected HC increases from 0.8 to 1.0 and clinical workforce equivalent from 0.5 to 0.6 DBP subspecialists per 100 000 children aged 0 to 18 years by 2040. Even in the best-case scenario (+12.5% in fellows by 2030 and +7% in time in clinical care), the overall numbers would be minimally affected. These current and forecasted trends should be used to shape much-needed solutions in education, training, practice, policy, and workforce research to increase the DBP workforce and improve overall child health.
Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Gastroenterology Workforce: 2020–2040
Authors: Sauer Cary G. , Barnard John A. , Vinci Robert J. , Strople Jennifer A.
Published: February 2024

This article is part of an American Board of Pediatrics Foundation-sponsored effort to analyze and forecast the pediatric subspecialty workforce between 2020 and 2040. Herein, an overview of the current pediatric gastroenterology workforce is provided, including demographics, work characteristics, and geographic distribution of practitioners. Brief context is provided on the changing nature of current practice models and the increasing prevalence of some commonly seen disorders. On the basis of a rigorous microsimulation workforce projection model, projected changes from 2020 to 2040 in the number of pediatric gastroenterologists and clinical workforce equivalents in the United States are presented. The article closes with a brief discussion of training, clinical practice, policy, and future workforce research implications of the data presented. This data-driven analysis suggests that the field of pediatric gastroenterology will continue to grow in scope and complexity, propelled by scientific advances and the increasing prevalence of many disorders relevant to the discipline. The workforce is projected to double by 2040, a growth rate faster than most other pediatric subspecialties. Disparities in care related to geography, race, and ethnicity are among the most significant challenges for the years ahead. Changes to training and education, incentives to meet the needs of underserved populations, and new multidisciplinary models for health care delivery will be necessary to optimally meet the volume, diversity, and complexity of children with gastroenterological diseases in the years ahead.
Child Health Needs and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Workforce: 2020–2040
Authors: Kelly Matthew S. , Cataldi Jessica R. , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P. , Shah Samir S. , Vinci Robert J. , Myers Angela L.
Published: February 2024

Pediatric infectious diseases (PID) physicians prevent and treat childhood infections through clinical care, research, public health, education, antimicrobial stewardship, and infection prevention. This article is part of an American Board of Pediatrics Foundation–sponsored supplement investigating the future of the pediatric subspecialty workforce. The article offers context to findings from a modeling analysis estimating the supply of PID subspecialists in the United States between 2020 and 2040. It provides an overview of children cared for by PID subspecialists, reviews the current state of the PID workforce, and discusses the projected headcount and clinical workforce equivalents of PID subspecialists at the national, census region, and census division levels over this 2-decade period. The article concludes by discussing the education and training, clinical practice, policy, and research implications of the data presented. Adjusting for population growth, the PID workforce is projected to grow more slowly than most other pediatric subspecialties and geographic disparities in access to PID care are expected to worsen. In models considering alternative scenarios, decreases in the number of fellows and time spent in clinical care significantly affect the PID workforce. Notably, model assumptions may not adequately account for potential threats to the PID workforce, including a declining number of fellows entering training and the unknown impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and future emerging infections on workforce attrition. Changes to education and training, clinical care, and policy are needed to ensure the PID workforce can meet the future needs of US children.
SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSE IN DAIRY COWS AFTER APPLICATION OF ECG
Authors: Atanasov A. , Yotov S. , Ivanova B. , Fasulkov I. , Sinapov B.
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the follicular dynamics and superovulatory response in dairy cows after the administration of eCG.
METHODS: The study included 6 Holstein cows bearing CL in the ovaries treated with PGF2α for estrus induction. After estrus detection daily ultrasound scanning to monitor the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave was made. Superovulation treatment (2500 IU eCG and two doses of 500μg PGF2α analog on the 48th and 60th hour after the eCG injection) started at the emergence of the second follicular wave. The number and diameter of the follicles ≥ 5 mm, the number of corpora lutea and anovulatory follicles (AF) and the ovulation rate (OR) were estimated.
RESULTS: At the start of the superovulation treatment (SO) the average number and diameter of the medium and large follicles were 2.7±1.2 and 0.67±0.13 cm and 1.6±0.5 and 1.45±0.28 cm, respectively. There were high positive correlations between the days of the treatment and number of large and medium follicles (r = 0.80, P = 0.018 and r = 0.75, P = 0.03). The average number of large follicles on day 5 was greater than those at the start of SO. On day 8 the OR was 55.9% and the difference between anovulatory follicles and corpora lutea was not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: The used protocol provided acceptable OR, but the average number of AF (44.1%) remained high. Ultrasonography could be used to monitor the first dominant follicle and the emergence of a new follicular wave.