bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early life growth is related to pubertal growth and adult height – a QEPS-model analysis
Authors: Skogastierna Carin , Holmgren Anton , Niklasson Aimon , Nierop Andreas F. M. , Pivodic Aldina , Elfvin Anders , Swolin-Eide Diana , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin
Published: February 2025

Background

The early life growth period, from conception to ~2 years of age, has proven crucial for later health. We hypothesized that early life growth could explain variations in pubertal growth and timing, and adult height.

Methods

This retrospective, population-based study was conducted in Sweden. A subgroup, including individuals of all gestational ages and birth sizes (n = 4700, 50% males), from the longitudinal GrowUp1974&1990Gothenburg cohorts was used. QEPS variables were analyzed in univariate and multivariate linear regression models, separately per sex; Q-function throughout all growth periods, and specific E- and P-functions, for early life growth and pubertal growth, respectively.

Results

In multivariate models, early life growth explained 37–38% of the variability in specific pubertal growth, but less so the variability in pubertal timing. Variability in adult height was explained by birth size (57–62%), early growth (66–67%), childhood growth (65–69%), and to a lesser degree by mid-parental height (35–39%). The change in height during puberty explained 8–9% of the variation in adult height.

Conclusion

This study indicates that early life growth is strongly associated with the variability in pubertal growth, and adult height, but not with the timing of pubertal growth.

Impact

Early life growth is important as it can serve as a marker for future growth, development, and health.

The association between length growth during fetal life and infancy and pubertal growth and timing, and adult height, is only partly understood.

Using the QEPS growth model, specific early life growth (E-function) and specific pubertal growth (P-function), including individual variations in tempo and amplitude, can be studied separately from ongoing basic growth (Q-function).

This study showed that early life growth is strongly associated with and explains specific pubertal height gain and adult height but less so the timing of pubertal growth.
The midline thalamic nucleus reuniens promotes compulsive-like grooming in rodents
Authors: Goh Romeo Chen Wei , Mu Ming-Dao , Yung Wing-Ho , Ke Ya
Published: February 2025

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a disabling and notoriously treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorder, affects 2–3% of the general population and is characterized by recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions). Although long associated with dysfunction within the cortico-striato-thalamic-cortical circuits, the thalamic role in OCD pathogenesis remains highly understudied in the literature. Here, we identified a rat thalamic nucleus – the reuniens (NRe) – that mediates persistent, compulsive self-grooming behavior. Optogenetic activation of this nucleus triggers immediate, excessive grooming with strong irresistibility, increases anxiety, and induces negative affective valence. A thalamic-hypothalamic pathway linking NRe to the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) was discovered to mediate excessive self-grooming behavior and render it a defensive coping response to stress, mirroring the compulsions faced by OCD patients. Given the close resemblance between this self-grooming behavior and the clinical manifestations of OCD, the results from this study highlight the role of NRe in mediating OCD-like compulsive behaviors. This can be attributed to NRe’s position at the nexus of an extensive frontal-striatal-thalamic network regulating cognition, emotion, and stress-related behaviors, suggesting NRe as a potential novel target for intervention.
The structure and stability of Fe4+xS3 and its potential to form a Martian inner core
Authors: Man Lianjie , Li Xiang , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , Zhou Wenju , Chantel Julien , Néri Adrien , Kupenko Ilya , Aprilis Georgios , Kurnosov Alexander , Namur Olivier , Hanfland Michael , Guignot Nicolas , Henry Laura , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Frost Daniel. J.
Published: February 2025

Seismic, geodetic and cosmochemical evidence point to Mars having a sulfur-rich liquid core. Due to the similarity between estimates of the core’s sulfur content and the iron–iron sulfide eutectic composition at core conditions, it has been concluded that temperatures are too high for Mars to have an inner core. Recent low density estimates for the core, however, appear consistent with sulfur contents that are higher than the eutectic composition, leading to the possibility that an inner core could form from a high-pressure iron sulfide phase. Here we report the crystal structure of a phase with the formula Fe4+xS3, the iron content of which increases with temperature, approaching the stoichiometry Fe5S3 under Martian inner core conditions. We show that Fe4+xS3 has a higher density than the liquid Martian core and that a Fe4+xS3 inner core would crystalize if temperatures fall below 1960 (±105) K at the center of Mars.
Ergodic seismic precursors and transfer learning for short term eruption forecasting at data scarce volcanoes
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Dempsey David , Caudron Corentin , Cronin Shane , Kennedy Ben , Girona Társilo , Roman Diana , Miller Craig , Potter Sally , Lamb Oliver D. , Martanto Anto , Cubuk-Sabuncu Yesim , Cabrera Leoncio , Ruiz Sergio , Contreras Rodrigo , Pacheco Javier , Mora Mauricio M. , De Angelis Silvio
Published: February 2025

Seismic data recorded before volcanic eruptions provides important clues for forecasting. However, limited monitoring histories and infrequent eruptions restrict the data available for training forecasting models. We propose a transfer machine learning approach that identifies eruption precursors—signals that consistently change before eruptions—across multiple volcanoes. Using seismic data from 41 eruptions at 24 volcanoes over 73 years, our approach forecasts eruptions at unobserved (out-of-sample) volcanoes. Tested without data from the target volcano, the model demonstrated accuracy comparable to direct training on the target and exceeded benchmarks based on seismic amplitude. These results indicate that eruption precursors exhibit ergodicity, sharing common patterns that allow observations from one group of volcanoes to approximate the behavior of others. This approach addresses data limitations at individual sites and provides a useful tool to support monitoring efforts at volcano observatories, improving the ability to forecast eruptions and mitigate volcanic risks.
Assessing the climate benefits of afforestation in the Canadian Northern Boreal and Southern Arctic
Authors: Dsouza Kevin Bradley , Ofosu Enoch , Salkeld Jack , Boudreault Richard , Moreno-Cruz Juan , Leonenko Yuri
Published: February 2025

Afforestation greatly influences several earth system processes, making it essential to understand these effects to accurately assess its potential for climate change mitigation. Although our understanding of forest-climate system interactions has improved, significant knowledge gaps remain, preventing definitive assessments of afforestation's net climate benefits. In this review, focusing on the Canadian northern boreal and southern arctic, we identify these gaps and synthesize existing knowledge. The review highlights regional realities, Earth's climatic history, uncertainties in biogeochemical (BGC) and biogeophysical (BGP) changes following afforestation, and limitations in current assessment methodologies, emphasizing the need to reconcile these uncertainties before drawing firm conclusions about the climate benefits of afforestation. Finally, we propose an assessment framework which considers multiple forcing components, temporal analysis, future climatic contexts, and implementation details. We hope that the research gaps and assessment framework discussed in this review inform afforestation policy in Canada and other circumpolar nations.
Synchrony between midbrain gene transcription and dopamine terminal regulation is modulated by chronic alcohol drinking
Authors: Farahbakhsh Zahra Z. , Holleran Katherine M. , Sens Jonathon P. , Fordahl Steve C. , Mauterer Madelyn I. , López Alberto J. , Cuzon Carlson Verginia C. , Kiraly Drew D. , Grant Kathleen A. , Jones Sara R. , Siciliano Cody A.
Published: February 2025

Alcohol use disorder is marked by disrupted behavioral and emotional states which persist into abstinence. The enduring synaptic alterations that remain despite the absence of alcohol are of interest for interventions to prevent relapse. Here, 28 male rhesus macaques underwent over 20 months of alcohol drinking interspersed with three 30-day forced abstinence periods. After the last abstinence period, we paired direct sub-second dopamine monitoring via ex vivo voltammetry in nucleus accumbens core with RNA-sequencing of the ventral tegmental area. We found persistent augmentation of dopamine transporter function, kappa opioid receptor sensitivity, and putative dynorphin release – all inhibitory regulators which act to decrease extracellular dopamine. Surprisingly, though transcript expression was not altered, the relationship between gene expression and functional readouts of these encoded proteins was highly dynamic and altered by drinking history. These results outline the long-lasting synaptic impact of alcohol use and suggest that assessment of transcript-function relationships is critical for the rational design of precision therapeutics.
Discovery and characterization of a novel telomerase alternative splicing isoform that protects lung cancer cells from chemotherapy induced cell death
Authors: Kim Jeongjin J. , Ahn Alexander , Ying Jeffrey Y. , Ludlow Andrew T.
Published: February 2025

All cancer cells must adopt a telomere maintenance mechanism to achieve replicative immortality. Most human cancer cells utilize the enzyme telomerase to maintain telomeres. Alternative splicing of TERT regulates the amount and function of telomerase, however many alternative splicing isoforms of TERT have unknown functions. Single molecule long read RNA/cDNA sequencing of TERT revealed 45 TERT mRNA variants including 13 known and 32 novel variants. Among the variants, TERT Delta 2–4, which lacks exons 2–4 but retains the original open reading frame, was selected for further study. Induced pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells express higher levels of TERT Delta 2–4 compared to primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Overexpression of TERT Delta 2–4 enhanced clonogenicity and resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death. Knockdown of endogenous TERT Delta 2–4 in Calu-6 cells reduced clonogenicity and resistance to cisplatin. Our results suggest that TERT Delta 2–4 enhances cancer cells’ resistance to cell death. RNA sequencing following knockdown of Delta 2–4 TERT indicates that translation is downregulated and that mitochondrial related proteins are upregulated compared to controls. Overall, our data indicate that TERT produces many isoforms that influence the function of TERT and the abundance and activity of telomerase.
Performance evaluation of Cu2SrSnS4 based solar cell: effect of transition metal dichalcogenides buffer layer
Authors: Mebrek Hanane , Zaidi Beddiaf , Mekhaznia Nourelhouda , Al-Dmour Hmoud , Barkhordari Ali
Published: February 2025

The urgent demand for efficient renewable energy technologies has driven extensive research into quaternary chalcogenide materials, owing to their outstanding photovoltaic properties and potential for high performance. This study focuses on the design, performance optimization, and comparative analysis of Cu2SrSnS4-based solar cells, with particular emphasis on employing different transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) buffer layers, specifically MoS2 and WS2. By utilizing SCAPS 1-D simulation software, the research systematically examines the impact of critical parameters such as buffer layer thickness, doping concentrations, and operating temperatures on the solar cell’s efficiency and stability. The simulation results demonstrate that the ZnO/MoS2/Cu2SrSnS4 configuration attained the highest efficiency, reaching an impressive 35.6%, significantly surpassing its counterpart with WS2 as the buffer layer, which achieved an efficiency of 29.1%. The findings demonstrate the significance of buffer layer selection and parameter optimization in maximizing the potential of Cu2SrSnS4 solar cells. Ultimately, this research offers valuable insights into the development of high-efficiency, stable photovoltaic technologies, advancing the future of next-generation quaternary chalcogenide solar cells.
Enhancing seasonal fire predictions with hybrid dynamical and random forest models
Authors: Torres-Vázquez Miguel Ángel , Herrera Sixto , Gincheva Andrina , Halifa-Marín Amar , Cavicchia Leone , Di Giuseppe Francesca , Montávez Juan Pedro , Turco Marco
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative approach to forecasting seasonal anomalies in burned areas (BA) by integrating process-based seasonal prediction and a random forest climate-fire model. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), derived from observed precipitation, allows us to predict burned area anomalies a month before the start of the target fire season in ~68% of the burnable area. When utilizing seasonal predictions, the system maintains skillful results in ~46% of the burnable area. Given the availability of observational and forecast data in near-real-time, a prototype operational forecast for burned areas could be provided to enhance climate services.
Ubiquitin is directly linked via an ester to protein-conjugated mono-ADP-ribose
Authors: Bejan Daniel S , Lacoursiere Rachel E , Pruneda Jonathan N , Cohen Michael S
Published: February 2025

The prevailing view on post-translational modifications (PTMs) is that a single amino acid is modified with a single PTM at any given time. However, recent work has demonstrated crosstalk between different PTMs, some occurring on the same residue. Such interplay is seen with ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitylation. For example, DELTEX E3 ligases were reported to ubiquitylate a hydroxyl group on free NAD+ and ADP-ribose in vitro, generating a noncanonical ubiquitin ester-linked species. In this report, we show, for the first time, that this dual PTM occurs in cells on mono-ADP-ribosylated (MARylated) PARP10 on Glu/Asp sites to form a MAR ubiquitin ester. We call this process mono-ADP-ribosyl ubiquitylation or MARUbylation. Using chemical and enzymatic treatments, including a newly characterized bacterial deubiquitinase with esterase-specific activity, we discovered that multiple PARPs are MARUbylated and extended with K11-linked polyubiquitin chains when exogenously expressed. Finally, we show that in response to type I interferon stimulation, MARUbylation can occur endogenously on PARP targets. Thus, MARUbylation represents a new dual PTM that broadens our understanding of the function of PARP-mediated ADP-ribosylation in cells.
Elucidating Gas Phase Microstructures of Therapeutic Deep Eutectic System
Authors: Olawuyi Oluseyi , Stewart James , Sakib Md. Minhas Hossain  Hossain , Bryant William , Wewers Mary-Kate , Lewit Noam , Ali Md Ackas , Rahman Md Sajjadur , Halim Mohammad A
Published: February 2025

The therapeutic deep eutectic solvent is a new class of deep eutectic solvent (DES), which includes at least an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) as one of its components. Therapeutic DESs...
A near infrared light activated phenothiazine based cancer cell specific phototherapeutic system: a synergistic approach to chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Ojha Mamata , Trivedi Pragya , Banerjee Moumita , Bera Malabika , Dey Susmita , Singh Amit Kumar , Jana Avijit , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: February 2025

A NIR light-responsive phenothiazine based phototherapeutic system for synergistic cancer treatment.
Photoredox capacity expanded by the Cu site of CuFe-Mabiq
Authors: Huber Matthias , Kumar Ajeet , Hauer Jürgen , Thyrhaug Erling , Hess Corinna R.
Published: February 2025

The monometallic Fe-Mabiq and bimetallic CuFe-Mabiq photoredox catalysts feature similar optical spectra and short excited state lifetimes. Nevertheless, they exhibit markedly different photochemistry. Photoreduction proceeds significantly faster for the bimetallic...
Tuning the conducting types of VSi2N4 by van der Waals engineering
Authors: Li Wenlin , Zheng Xiaohong , Liu Chun-sheng , Hao Hua , Wang Weiyang , Liu Yushen
Published: February 2025

VSi2N4, as a notable member of the MA2Z4 material family, has consistently attracted great interest in the field of spintronics due to its distinct electronic properties. However, the nonexistence of...
Dynamics of CeO2-Supported Pt Nanoparticles in CO Oxidation Reaction Revealed by Millisecond Time-Resolved HERFD-XANES Spectroscopy
Authors: Ohyama Junya , Sato Mizuki , Tsushida Masayuki , Awaya Keisuke , Machida Masato , Uruga Tomoya , Higashi Kotaro
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of CeO2-supported 1.5-nm Pt nanoparticles (Pt/CeO2) during catalysis for CO oxidation at 50 °C were observed. High-energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) Pt L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy...
Poly(lactic acid) nanoplastics through laser ablation: Establishing a reference model for mimicking biobased nanoplastics in aquatic environments.
Authors: Manjusudheer Malavika , Fazli Arezou , Sganga Stefania , Tirelli Nicola , Carzino Riccardo , VERONESI MARINA , Khabarov Kirill , Athanassiou Athanassia , Fragouli Despina
Published: February 2025

Due to the well-documented negative environmental impacts of conventional plastics, the use of bioplastics has been increasing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is currently among the most common and industrially available bioplastics....
Self-assembly of semiaromatic poly(amic acid) into flower-like microparticles via one-step precipitation polymerization
Authors: Chen Yuqian , Kikuchi Ryohei , Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Hayakawa Teruaki , Nabae Yuta
Published: February 2025

Flower-like particles (FLPs) are highly attractive materials owing to their intricate morphologies and high specific surface areas. However, a definitive method for fabricating organic FLPs with unique three-dimensional morphologies has...
A highly efficient bio-based plasticizer constructed from renewable oleic acids for plasticizing and enhancing the properties of Polylactic acidt margins
Authors: Niu Tengfei , Yan Yifan , Han Ting , Tian Zhongjian , Ni Bang-qing
Published: February 2025

Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered significant attention as a biodegradable and renewable material. However, its intrinsic brittleness restricts its widespread application. In this study, we leveraged the potential of resources...
Fabrication of efficient surface ion-imprinted materials based on rice husk ash for Cu2+ ion detection in crafish and adsorption from tap water
Authors: Fu Ling , Huang Xuelong , Liu Senmao , Ma Liwen , Ding Haixin , He Haifeng , Liu Xiuhong
Published: February 2025

In light of the growing emphasis on circular economies and green chemistry, biosorbent-based detection and capture of Cu2+ ions are becoming increasingly important. This study fabrication of Cu2+ ion-imprinted materials...
Preparation of CoS2/g-C3N4 composite catalyst and its application in photocatalytic reduction of CO2
Authors: Sun Yuqing , Deng Yilin , Hu Yan , Zhou Liang , Lei Juying , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Jinlong
Published: February 2025

As a greenhouse gas, CO2 is also a rich carbon resource. Using sunlight to reduce CO2 to usable substances through photocatalysis can not only alleviate the increasingly serious greenhouse effect,...
Tungsten oxide nanocrystals doped with interstitial methylammonium cations
Authors: Kendall Owen , Melendez Lesly V. , Guven Bicer Merve Nur , Wilms Michael , van Embden Joel , Gómez Daniel E. , Calzolari Arrigo , Prezzi Deborah , Della Gaspera Enrico
Published: February 2025

The first colloidal synthesis of tungsten oxide nanocrystals doped with large organic cations is presented. The colloids show strong plasmonic properties in the near infrared.
Mechanisms and effects of gas intercalation into ionic liquids confined within charged nanoscale volumes
Authors: Aydin Fikret , Abelson Alex , Weitzner Stephen E. , Fornasiero Francesco , Pham Tuan Anh , Meshot Eric R. , Buchsbaum Steven F.
Published: February 2025

A combined simulation and experimental study into mechanisms and effects of gas intercalation in ionic liquids confined to charged and neutral carbon nanotubes, providing insights for gas sensing and separation technologies.
Recent advances in Ugi reaction and its post-transformation strategies for crafting diverse indole frameworks
Authors: Kalhans Prashasti , Singh Aditi , Mishra Shachi , Pandey Shashi
Published: February 2025

Indoles and their fused analogues are ubiquitous structural scaffolds present in a plethora of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, showcasing their importance in drug design and drug delivery. Since...
Stereoselective synthesis of a KRASG12C inhibitor with quinoline-piperazine scaffold
Authors: Dong Lin , Hu Ying , Zheng Jing , Chen Yin-Jun , Pu Wei-Yi , Xu Yan-Jun
Published: February 2025

We developed a novel synthetic route for the KRASG12C inhibitor, focusing on the efficient construc-tion of its central quinoline scaffold. The method for constructing the quinoline scaffold offers several ad-vantages:...
Polysaccharide-capped silver nanoparticles impregnated cream for the efficient management of wound healing
Authors: H P Syama , Unnikrishnan Babukuttan Sheela , Sreekutty J , Archana M. G. , Preethi Gopalakrishnan Nair Usha , Reshma P. L. , Sreelekha T. T.
Published: February 2025

Developing wound dressing materials that meet all the required qualities for curing burns and injuries caused by various diseases is a challenging task. However, natural polysaccharides' biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity...
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrahydro-γ-carboline: a versatile approach to chiral cis-hexahydro-γ-carboline derivatives compatible with C6-substituted carbolines
Authors: Liu Bowen , Zhang Chun , Li Xiuxiu , Zhang Xumu
Published: February 2025

An efficient Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of tetrahydro-γ-carboline affords chiral cis-hexahydro-γ-carboline derivatives with high yields and enantioselectivities, enabled by a ZhaoPhos ligand and applicable to lumateperone intermediates.
Synthesis and sintering of AgNWs@PVP core–shell structures for improved transparent electrodes
Authors: Xianjie Tang , Guoyou Gan , Shouzhi Chen , Xianglei Yu , Zhuo Qian , Junpeng Li
Published: February 2025

In this study, a simple method for the synthesis of AgNWs@PVP core–shell structures is proposed, the effects of sintering temperature and time on their morphology are investigated, and the sintering mechanism is summarized.
Exploring key electronic and non-linear optical amplitute with bilateral intramolecular charge transfer into thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based compounds: a DFT approach
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Arshad Memoona , Haroon Muhammad , Braga Ataualpa Albert Carmo , Alhokbany Norah
Published: February 2025

The NLO properties of D–π–A architecture-based diphenylborane chromophores can be enhanced through structural modeling by incorporating diphenylaniline-based donor units.
Atom-Based Machine Learning for Estimating Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity with Applications to Retrosynthesis and Chemical Stability
Authors: Jensen Jan H. , Ree Nicolai , Göller Andreas H , Wollschläger Jan
Published: February 2025

Nucleophilicity and electrophilicity are important properties for evaluating the reac- tivity and selectivity of chemical reactions. It allows the ranking of nucleophiles and electrophiles on reactivity scales, enabling a better...
Photo-regulated disulfide crosslinking: a versatile approach to construct mucus-inspired hydrogels
Authors: Chen Rui , Das Krishnendu , Feng Jun , Thongrom Boonya , Haag Rainer
Published: February 2025

We report a photo-regulated disulfide crosslinking strategy to construct mucus-mimetic hydrogels. Light-responsive 1,2-dithiolane on linear polyglycerol sulfate (lPGS) enables dynamic crosslinking and forms a biohybrid hydrogel with native mucin.
Exploring 1,3-dioxolane polymerization initiated by NOPF6: a universal approach to self-solidifying electrolytes for highly durable potassium batteries
Authors: Shchurik Elena , Baluda Yuri , Kraevaya Olga , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Troshin Pavel
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development of the energy storage market requires a gradual shift from lithium-ion batteries to other types of devices. While potassium-ion batteries attracted a lot of attention during the last...
Taming the diffusiophoretic convective instability in colloidal suspensions
Authors: Castellini Stefano , Anzivino Carmine , Marietti Carlo , Carpineti Marina , Zaccone Alessio , Vailati Alberto
Published: February 2025

A suspension of Brownian colloidal particles stabilised against aggregation is expected to be stable against convection when its density decreases monotonically with height. Surprisingly, a recent experimental investigation has shown...
Boiling water tolerant organic field-effect transistors enabled by a short-chain polymer blending approach
Authors: Zhang Zhuoqiong , Wang Yunfan , Xue Wenyue , Tang Yabing , Zhang Chujun , Huang Yulan , Yan Han , Tsang Sai-Wing , Wu Tom , So Shu Kong
Published: February 2025

A strategy to enhance moisture resistance in bottom-gate organic field-effect transistors through strategic insulator blending, enabling water-tolerant, solution-processable organic electronics.
Sintering and enhanced ferroelectric properties of textured Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics with high Curie temperature
Authors: Tian Jingxin , Li Fangzhe , Tang Xiaohui , Luo Huijiadai , Cao Lu , Sun Shaojie , Liu Changrong , Huang Yong , Ke Hua , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2025

We prepared highly textured Bi5Ti3FeO15 (BTFO) ceramics with excellent ferroelectric properties using the template grain growth method (TGG). The sintering densification behaviors and grain orientation evolution of highly anisotropic textured...
Flexible PVDF-NCMF Nanocomposites: A Synergistic Approach to Enhanced Magneto-Dielectric Properties and Sensing Performance
Authors: Deepa K. S. , Premkumar S. , Datar Suwarna , Mathe V.L. , Ramana Chintalapalle V. , Rane Sunit
Published: February 2025

Fundamental understanding and critically resolving magnetic domain interactions is essential for the successful application of multiferroics in future nanoscale electronics and magnetoelectronics. In this context, herein, we report on the...
Quantitative analysis of creatine monohydrate using near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging combined with multi-model fusion and data fusion strategies
Authors: Zhu Meiling , Song Weiran , Tang Xuan , Kong Xiangzeng
Published: February 2025

The study evaluates the quality of creatine monohydrate using portable near-infrared spectroscopy and benchtop hyperspectral imaging. Multi-model fusion and data fusion strategies are combined to enhance quantification performance.
NiCo Alloy Particles Decorated on TiO2 Nanoarray as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Nitrite Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Ren Zhaofei , Zhao Baofang , Chen Qiuyue , Xie Lisi , Zhang Jing , An Xuguang , Liu Qian , Li Xiaolei , Yao Weitang , Kong Qingquan
Published: February 2025

Electrocatalytic nitrite (NO2−) reduction (NO2−RR) is a potential environmentally friendly method for producing NH3 efficiently. Herein, a hybrid catalyst with NiCo alloy particles uniformly decorated on TiO2 nanograss array (NiCo-TiO2)...
DBU-promoted cascade phosphorylation/cyclization for the synthesis of phosphorylated 3-aminoindoles
Authors: Xu Dongping , Huang Fei , Jin Lizhen , Huang Meng-Ya , Zhang Wu
Published: February 2025

DBU-promoted cascade phosphorylation/cyclization for the synthesis of phosphorylated 3-aminoindoles A novel strategy of cascade phosphorylation cyclization of 2-isocyanobenzonitrile with phosphine oxide via DBU promoted process has been developed. A series...
Thiourea-Catalyzed Glycosylation: A Breakthrough in Stereoselective Synthesis of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Dwivedi Shubhi , Thakur Swati , Sau Abhijit
Published: February 2025

Oligosaccharides are vital biomolecules that play an essential role in various biological functions. For studying biochemical processes, it is essential to have access to pure as well as structurally well-defined...
Cu-catalyzed [1,3]-Asymmetric Methoxy Rearrangement of N-Methoxyanilines: Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Masukawa Kazuki , Kojima Amu , Sato Takuma , Terada Masahiro , Nakamura Itaru
Published: February 2025

Cu-catalyzed reactions of N-methoxy-2,6-dimethylanilines in the presence of a cationic Cu catalyst ligated to a chiral NHC ligand, which has an (ortho-carbamoyl)phenyl group on the nitrogen atom of (S,S)-diphenylimidazolidinylidene, furnished...
Enhancing Li–O2 battery performance with conductive hierarchical metal–organic framework composite cathodes
Authors: Pan Pingan , Miao Si , Zhang Ying , Huo Shilin , Wu Doufeng , Yu Sanchuan
Published: February 2025

A conductive “cactus-like” MOF composite cathode enhances Li–O2 battery performance, achieving a high specific capacity of 12 542 mA h g−1 and stable cycling over 40 cycles.
Integrated Modeling the Transition Pathway of China’s Power System
Authors: Zhu Ziheng , Zhang Da , Zhang Xiaoye , Zhang Xiliang
Published: February 2025

Accelerating decarbonization of the power system is at the heart of achieving China’s carbon neutrality goal and mitigating global climate change. However, deploying multi-terawatts of variable renewable energy (VRE) may...
Spectrophotometric and Computational Insights into 2-Ethylimidazole-3,5-Dinitrobenzoic Acid Complex: BSA Interaction and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Naaz Farha , Khan Ishaat M. , Shakya Sonam , ISLAM MAIDUL , Alam Nisat , Alarifi Abd-Allah , Li Xiang
Published: February 2025

The new charge transfer (CT) complex of 2-Ethylimidazole (2-EI) and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (3,5-DNB) has been synthesized and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, combined with computational approaches such...
Photoelectrochemical iron–cobalt synergistic catalysis for C(sp3)–H alkenylation
Authors: Tu Jia-Lin , Hu Ao-Men , Yang Chao , Guo Lin , Xia Wujiong
Published: February 2025

A photoelectrically synergistic induced iron/cobalt dual-catalysis strategy that enables the non-directed C(sp3)–H alkenylation reaction is herein reported.
Cu-catalyzed alkynylation of thiosulfonate-based peptide: an efficient approach to S-alkynyl-containing cyclic peptides
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Ying Junjie , Lu Qingqing , Zhang Qinshuo , Xu Chunfa
Published: February 2025

A novel copper-catalyzed alkynylation method for thiosulfonate-based peptides has been developed, facilitating the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse cyclic S-alkynylated peptides.
The Impacts of Heterogeneous Constructing on the Low- and High-Index Facets of Cu2O on the Catalytic Performance and Reconstruction in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Mu Haiqiang , Lv Zhenli , Ma Guorui , Zheng Zhiyu , Zhang Jin , Li Jing , Li Feng
Published: February 2025

Experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate the intimate correlation between the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts and their crystal facets, with limited reports on the impact of high-index Cu2O facets on electrocatalytic...
Photo-active Dithienylcyclopentene-Derived Room Temperature Nematics
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Hui , Yang Hao-Chun , Zeng Guan-Long , Chien Su-Ying , Hua Shao-An , Onohara Yuta , Cigl Martin , Bubnov Alexej , Lee Jey-Jau , Pociecha Damian , Bogdanowicz Krzysztof A , Iwan Agnieszka , Vaňkátová Petra , Hamplova Vera , Uchida Kingo , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Yoshida Hiroyuki
Published: February 2025

Functional photo-active organic materials possessing self-assembling behaviour at room temperature and below always attract considerable attention of the scientific community due to their potential applications. In this study, we introduce...
Variable stars in Galactic globular clusters. II. Population II Cepheids
Authors: Cruz Reyes Mauricio , Anderson Richard I. , Das Susmita
Published: February 2025

We identified a sample of 88 bona fide Population II Cepheids (henceforth referred to as Cepheids) and 44 candidates in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). Seventy-eight of the Cepheids in the sample align within $2,σ$ of the period-luminosity relation for Milky Way Type II Cepheids (T2CEPs). Nine align with the period-luminosity relation for fundamental-mode anomalous Cepheids (ACEPs), and only one (BL Boötis) follows the relation for first-overtone ACEPs, as determined from observations of ACEPs in the Large Magellanic Cloud. For sources in common between our catalog and the OGLE catalog, the classification agrees in 94% of cases. In comparison, for sources shared between the Specific Object Study (SOS) and OGLE, the agreement is 74%. In the dense environments of GCs, our analysis shows that the completeness of the catalogs for Cepheids is 64% for the SOS and 74% for the classifier of variable stars. We determined the red and blue edges of the instability strip for T2CEPs using linear MESA-RSP models. We find that the best-fit models, with M = M _⊙ and Z = 0.0003, are able to fit $90%$ of the stars in our sample. This percentage is the same for helium abundances Y = 0.220 and $0.245$. Higher values of Y lower this percentage, and the same effect is observed with lower values of Z. In the future, combining the sample of T2CEPs with the precise parallaxes obtained from GCs will strengthen the geometric calibration of a distance ladder based on Population II stars. This will be useful for determining distances within the Milky Way and for cross-checking distances to Local Group galaxies determined through other methods.
Enhancing Pulmonary Embolism Risk Stratification: The National Early Warning Score and Its Integration into the ESC Classification
Authors: Janata Karin , Lipa Alexandra Julia , Merrelaar Anne , Merrelaar Marieke , Azizi-Semrad Ursula , Herkner Harald , Schwameis Michael , Grafeneder Juergen
Published: February 2025

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) requires accurate risk assessment. We investigated the prognostic performance of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in emergency department patients with PE.

Methods: We included patients ≥ 18 years from our PE registry (2017 to 2021), excluding patients after cardiac arrest or intubation before admission. The primary outcome was a composite of 30-day all-cause mortality or the need for advanced therapy (i.e., systemic or catheter-directed thrombolysis). We used logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations. PESI and ESC classification served as covariates. The overall score performances were quantified using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results: We included 524 patients. Each increase in NEWS points increased the odds of the primary outcome by 69% (odds ratio 1.69, 95% CI: 1.51 -1.89, p < 0.001) and 30-day mortality by 44% (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% CI 1.30– 1.60, p < 0.001). Within the ESC intermediate-high and high-risk group, the 30-day mortality rate was higher in patients with a NEWS ≥ 7 compared to NEWS < 7 (24% vs 1%, p < 0.001). With a NEWS ≥ 7, 30-day mortality was lower in patients who received advanced therapy (18% vs. 39%), but not significantly. The NEWS predicted the primary outcome better than the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (AUC 0.853 vs. 0.752, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The NEWS was associated with 30-day mortality and the need for advanced therapy. Incorporating the NEWS into the ESC classification could help to assess patient outcomes early and thus support timely treatment decisions.
Safety and Efficacy of Factor Xa Inhibitors in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Dialysis: Evidence from 4 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kaisaier Wulamiding , Chen Yili , Lip Gregory YH , liu chen , Zhu Wengen
Published: February 2025

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in dialysis-dependent patients, who face higher risks of thromboembolism and bleeding. Although vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are commonly used for anticoagulation, the benefits of factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors over VKAs in this population are unclear. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy and safety of VKAs and FXa inhibitors based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase for RCTs comparing FXa inhibitors and VKAs up to November 2024. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding, and the primary efficacy outcome was stroke or systemic embolism (SSE). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models.
Results: This meta-analysis included 486 dialysis-dependent AF patients from 4 RCTs, with a median follow-up of 26 weeks to 1.88 years. FXa inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding compared to VKAs (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42–0.99, p = 0.04), but no significant difference in SSE (RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.20–1.02, p = 0.06). FXa inhibitors also showed a significantly lower risk of intracranial bleeding (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.17–0.96, p = 0.04), but no differences in other outcomes, including gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and mortality.
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that FXa inhibitors may offer a safer alternative to VKAs for AF patients on dialysis, with a lower risk of bleeding and similar risks of stroke and mortality.
TEMPORARY REMOVAL: A Potassium Channel-Related Signature for Prognosis and Immune Landscape Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: He Xiao , Lan Yanli , Li Yushan
Published: February 2025

The publisher announces that this article has been temporarily removed. An edited version will be published under the same DOI as soon as possible. We thank you for your understanding. If you have any questions, please contact am-query@thieme.com.
Polymorphie DNA repair genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 and the risk for cervical cancer in Brazilian patients
Authors: Colacino-Silva Fabricio , de Oliveira Kleine João Paulo Ferreira , Salzgeber Márcia Batista , de Aquino Castro Rodrigo , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , da Silva Ismael Dale Cotrim Guerreiro , D’Amora Paulo
Published: February 2025

Background: DNA repair genes play a key role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. DNA repair gene polymorphisms, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 and 3 genes (XRCC1 and XRCC3), are implicated to contribute to carcinogenesis.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the correlation between cervical cancer risk and XRCC1 (Arg-l94Trp and Arg399Gln) and XRCC3 (Thr24IMet) genetic variants.

Methods: A case-control study of 77 cases of cervical cancer (including 70 carcinoma and 7 adenocarcinoma) and 73 normal women was performed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (XRCC1, and XRCC3) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results: Genotype frequencies of were similar between cases and controls: (XRCC1 - Arg194Trp [C-T]): CC 60(77.9%), CT 16(20.8%) e TT 1(1.3%) in cases and CC 57(78,1%), CT 16(21,9%) e TT 0(0%) in controls (p=1.00); (XRCC1 - Arg399Gln [G-A]): GG 13(16.9%), GA 28(36.4%) e AA 36(46.8%) in cases and GG 10(13,7%), GA 47(64,4%), AA 16(21,9%) in controls (p=0.01); (XRCC3 - Thr241Met [C-T]): CC 43(55,8%), CT 28(36,4%), TT 6(7,8%) in cases and CC 36(48,6%), CT 30(41,7%), TT 7(9,7%) in controls, (p=0.74). We found association XRCC1(Arg399Gln) and the risk for cervical cancer as a protective factor [OR = 0.20; IC=0.05-0.73, p=0.02] and found no association between XRCC1 (Arg194Trp) and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer in our study.

Conclusion: Our results showed that there was positive correlation between the genetic variation Arg399Gln in XRCC1 gene and the susceptibility to cervical carcinoma in the studied population.
Germ Cell Tumors in Children: A Retrospective Review of a 04-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Aftab Kanwal , Ambreen Fatima , Maqsood Sidra , Yaqoob Nausheen , Jamal Saba
Published: February 2025

Introduction Pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare neoplasms that can be benign or malignant and occur in children and adolescents. They can arise from germ cells in the extragonadal or gonadal sites and have numerous histologic subtypes. The International Germ Cell Cancer Cooperative Group classification is used to guide treatment, with most children experiencing excellent overall survival (OS). Chemotherapy is historically recommended for all malignant GCTs. Nevertheless, surgery and observation alone may be sufficient for stage I gonadal GCTs. Using chemotherapy can lead to successful salvage of relapses..

Objectives Our institute has conducted a study with the objective of evaluating a group of 97 patients diagnosed with GCTs, who received treatment within the past 4 years.

Materials and Methods From January 2018 to April 2022, a total of 97 pediatric patients diagnosed with GCTs underwent surgical treatment at Indus Hospital & Health Network. The diagnosis was established by considering clinical features, tumor marker levels, imaging, and histology. Treatment was determined based on the risk stratification utilizing the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group GC 2005–04 protocol. Patients classified as LR (low-risk) received chemotherapy only if a recurrence occurred after the initial surgery. On the other hand, IR (intermediate-risk) and HR (high-risk) patients received four and six cycles of JEB (chemotherapy regimen), respectively, followed by surgery. Recurrence was closely monitored through suspicion, tumor marker levels, or imaging. Patients experiencing a recurrence after JEB chemotherapy were treated with TIP (paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin) chemotherapy and subsequently underwent surgery.

Results In this retrospective study, a group of 97 patients diagnosed with GCTs was analyzed. The cohort included 59 gonadal tumors and 38 extragonadal tumors. The most common histopathological types observed were yolk sac tumor and dysgerminoma. Out of the patients, 33 (34%) were classified as HR, 35 (36.1%) as IR, and 29 (29.9%) as LR. Among the patients, 16 experienced recurrence, while the remaining 90 patients (92.8%) were alive at the time of the analysis. The study determined the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate as 83.5% and the OS rate as 92.8%. The presence of residual disease was found to be the only significant factor that influenced EFS.

Conclusion To manage GCTs in children, a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, oncologists, and radiation therapists is required. Surgery and chemotherapy have improved outcomes for children with GCTs, but personalized treatment planning is crucial. With advancements in pediatric oncology care, the prognosis for children with GCT in Pakistan has improved, providing hope for better outcomes in the future.
Dual versus single antiplatelet therapy in patients with nonminor ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis
Authors: Môro Izabela Orlandi , Marinheiro Gabriel , Leite Marianna , Monteiro Gabriel de Almeida , Pinheiro Agostinho C. , Telles João Paulo Mota
Published: February 2025

Background Patients with ischemic stroke present a higher risk of stroke recurrence, neurological deterioration, and death. The benefit of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) over single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) among patients with minor ischemic stroke is well established; however, robust evidence is lacking for those with nonminor stroke.

Objective To describe the benefits and risks of DAPT versus SAPT in patients with nonminor ischemic stroke.

Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published from inception to April 2024. Data were collected from randomized clinical trials and observational studies comparing DAPT to SAPT following nonminor ischemic stroke, defined by a score ≥ 4 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Results In total, 6 studies were included, comprising 12,480 patients. The NIHSS score at baseline from the selected studies ranged from 4 to 15. There was no significant difference between DAPT and SAPT for recurrent stroke (risk ratio [RR] = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.82–1.01; p = 0.09; I2 = 0%), ischemic stroke (RR = 0.89; 95%CI = 0.80–1.00; p = 0.05; I2 = 0%) or hemorrhagic stroke (RR = 1.23; 95%CI = 0.41-3.99; p = 0.66; I2 = 27%). Major bleeding was not significantly increased in the DAPT group compared with the SAPT group (RR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.29–2.66; p = 0.81; I2 = 44%). The overall analysis did not show a significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR = 0.72; 95%CI = 0.50–1.02; p = 0.07; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion There was no difference between DAPT and SAPT regarding recurrent stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding, or overall mortality.
Jitter and muscle fiber conduction velocity in long COVID fatigue
Authors: Kouyoumdjian João Aris , Yamamoto Leticia Akemi Rama , Graca Carla Renata
Published: February 2025

Background Long coronavirus disease (long COVID, LC) is defined as the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In LC, the rate of fatigue/postexertional malaise (F-PEM) has been described to be as high as 70%, regardless of age or severity of the acute symptoms.

Objective To evaluate the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function and the isolated muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) in situ in LC cases and controls.

Methods We studied 37 subjects without SARS-CoV-2 (controls) and 32 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, half with LC symptoms (LC-yes) and half without them (LC-no). Single-fiber electromyography (jitter measured with a concentric electrode), MFCV, the fast-to-slow MFCV ratio (F/S ratio), and the motor unit potentials (MUPs) were taken in the tibialis anterior muscle.

Results At least 1 jitter parameter was abnormal in 1/37 controls, in 1/16 LC-no patients, and in 2/16 LC-yes patients, without significant differences among them. None of the subjects with abnormal jitter presented fluctuation symptoms or positive acetylcholine-receptor antibody. The MFCV and F/S ratios did not show abnormalities in any of the participants. The MUPs did not show myopathic or neurogenic abnormality in needle electromyography. The most frequent symptom in LC was F-PEM, which occurred in all LC-yes patients and was significantly different from the other groups.

Conclusion Fatigue/postexertional malaise was found in all cases of LC, and the electrophysiological findings did not indicate the muscle fiber or the NMJ as a relevant factor in this condition.
Guidelines for Parkinson's disease management part II: consensus from the movement disorders scientific department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology – non-motor symptoms
Authors: Maia Débora Palma , Cury Rubens Gisbert , Brandão Pedro Renato P. , Cardoso Francisco E. C. , Bertholo Ana Paula , Felicio André Carvalho , Hilbig Arlete , Lobato Bruno Lopes Santos , Barbosa Eline Rozária F. , Quagliato Elizabeth Maria A. B. , Sousa Gustavo H. C. , Parmera Jacy Bezerra , Rúbia Márcia , Coletta Marcus Vinícius Della , Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães , Spitz Mariana , Haddad Mônica , Murta Nina Rosa A. F. , Caramelli Paulo , Rodrigues Raimundo N. D. , Nitrini Ricardo , Prado Roberto , Tumas Vitor , Corrêa Neto Ylmar , Saba Roberta Arb
Published: February 2025

The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a challenge, especially because it is considered highly individualized. The Brazilian Academy of Neurology (ABN) has identified the need to disseminate knowledge about its management, adapting the best evidence to the Brazilian population. The present article aims to report the recommendations for the treatment of non-motor symptoms of PD, developed by a group of specialists in movement disorders from the ABN's scientific department. In 2021, the first part, referring to the motor symptoms of PD, was published. The main non-motor symptoms were addressed—among them neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive alteration, and psychosis—as well as the possible recommended therapies and medications used to control pain, sleep disorders, and dysautonomia.