bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of peptoids against Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other WHO priority pathogens, including Candida auris
Authors: Mishra Shyam Kumar , Yasir Muhammad , Kuppusamy Rajesh , Wong Edgar H H , Hui Alex , Sørensen Kristian , Lin Jennifer S , Jenssen Håvard , Barron Annelise E , Willcox Mark
Published: February 2025

Aims

The World Health Organization has identified ESKAPE bacteria and Candida auris as priority pathogens, emphasizing an urgent need for novel antimicrobials to combat them. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptidomimetics, specifically peptoids with sequence-specific N-substituted glycines, against ESKAPEE pathogens, including metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producers, as well as C. auris strains.

Methods and results

This study evaluated activity of the peptoids against the multidrug-resistant priority pathogens. The peptoid TM8 (with an N-decyl alkyl chain) demonstrated a geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 7.8 μg ml−1 against polymyxin-resistant bacteria, and 5.5 μg ml−1 against C. auris. TM8 showed synergy with ciprofloxacin, enhancing its effectiveness four-fold against NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. No antagonism was seen when TM8 was used with either conventional antibiotics or antifungals. Peptoids that had therapeutic indices below 3 were generally more hydrophobic, due to either alkyl chains or bromine. Scanning electron microscopy and live-dead staining assay on peptoid-treated C. auris confirmed morphological changes and killing activity, respectively. Furthermore, the peptoid could effectively inhibit biofilm formation by C. auris.

Conclusion

Peptoids demonstrated antibacterial activity against ESKAPEE, particularly against MBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, they exhibited antifungal and anti-biofilm activities against C. auris strains.
Cathepsin F alters viral acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV and ToCV by Bemisia tabaci MED
Authors: Shi Xiaobin , Wang Pei , Shi Caihua , Luo Ruixue , Zhang Deyong , Zhang Zhuo , Gao Yang , Peng Jing , Preisser Evan L , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are plant-infecting viruses that are mainly transmitted by Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In addition to their significant individual impacts on agricultural production, TYLCV and ToCV co-infections are increasingly common and can cause devastating losses in tomato and other crops. Cathepsins, the main proteases in lysosomes, affect both immune responses and the digestion of plant proteins and may help mediate Bemisia-virus-plant interactions. We conducted research exploring the role of cathepsin in the interaction between B. tabaci MED and the plant viruses TYLCV and ToCV, both singly and in combination, on tomato. Levels of cathepsin F increased sharply in B. tabaci MED after feeding on TYLCV-infected, ToCV-infected, and co-infected plants and remained elevated for several days after feeding cessation. In all cases, levels were higher in co-infected B. tabaci MED than in singly infected individuals. Viral loads of each virus were also higher in co- versus singly infected B. tabaci MED, suggesting a synergistic relationship between TYLCV and ToCV. We next studied how dosing B. tabaci MED with a cathepsin inhibitor, inducer, or control affected viral acquisition, retention, and transmission. Viral acquisition and retention were lower in B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inducer than in controls; B. tabaci MED treated with cathepsin inhibitor had higher rates of viral acquisition and retention. Viral transmission was highest in the inhibitor treatment and lowest in the inducer treatment. Our results provide more opportunities for the design of novel control strategies to manage insect vectors and their transmitted viruses.
A credulous semantics of higher-order argumentation frameworks based on credulously accepted attacks
Authors: Wu Jiachao , Tang Shuai , Zhou Ning
Published: February 2025

As a useful reasoning model, higher-order argumentation frameworks (HO-AF) have been studied in many works. This paper contributes to the theory of HO-AFs in three aspects. First, the acceptability of attacks depending on a set of argument is explored, and credulously accepted attacks w.r.t. a set of arguments are formally characterised by introducing regular renovation sets. Second, a new semantics, named regular semantics (r-semantics) is established for HO-AFs. Every complete (or conflict-free, admissible) set in Modgil’s semantics is complete (or conflict-free, admissible) in r-semantics. Some maximality-based r-semantics are just the argument part of the corresponding semantics of Baroni et al. Third, an efficient method is put forward to calculate these maximality-based Baroni’s semantics through r-semantics.
Lineage-Specific Class-A GPCR Dynamics Reflect Diverse Chemosensory Adaptations in Lophotrochozoa
Authors: Nath Rohan , Panda Biswajit , Rakesh Siuli , Krishnan Arunkumar
Published: February 2025

Detecting external chemosensory cues via Class-A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is crucial for a multitude of behavioral and biological functions, influencing animal evolution and ecological adaptations. While extensively studied in vertebrates and echinoderms, the role of GPCR-mediated chemoreception in major protostome clades like Lophotrochozoa remains obscure despite their remarkable ecological adaptations across diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments. Utilizing 238 lophotrochozoan genomes across eight phyla, we conducted a large-scale comparative genomics analysis to identify lineage-specific expansions (LSEs) of Class-A GPCR subsets that are likely adapted for chemoreception. Using phylogeny and orthology-inference-based clustering, we distinguished these expansions from conserved orthogroups of prospective endogenous ligand-binding Class-A GPCR subsets. Across phyla, LSEs correlated with adaptations to various habitats, ecological niches, and lifestyles, while the influence of whole-genome duplications in driving these LSEs appeared to be less significant. Species adapted to various coastal, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats across several classes of Mollusca, Annelida, and other analyzed phyla exhibit large and diverse LSEs, while adaptations to extreme deep-sea environments, parasitic lifestyles, sessile behaviors, or alternative chemosensory mechanisms consistently exhibit reductions. Sequence heterogeneity, signatures of positive selection, and conformational flexibility in ligand-binding pockets further highlighted adaptations to environmental signals. In summary, the evolutionary dynamics of Class-A GPCRs in lophotrochozoans reveal a widespread pattern of LSEs driven by adaptations for chemoreception across diverse environmental niches, mirroring the trends and prominent roles seen in deuterostome lineages. The comprehensive datasets spanning numerous genomes offer a valuable foundation for advancing GPCR-mediated chemoreception studies in Lophotrochozoa.
Widespread and convergent evolution of cone monochromacy in galeomorph sharks
Authors: Hart Nathan S , Pozo-Montoro Maria , Seeger Olivia , Ryan Laura A , Tosetto Louise , Huveneers Charlie , Peddemors Victor M , Williamson Jane E , Gaston Troy F
Published: February 2025

Colour vision is widespread in marine vertebrates but is notably lacking in whales, dolphins, seals, and apparently also sharks. All sharks studied to date possess only a single spectral class of cone and are thus potentially totally colour blind. The reason why sharks lack colour vision is unclear, but as the visual pigments of only a handful of this large and ecologically diverse taxon have been studied, more data are required to address this question. Here, we assembled the retinal transcriptomes of nine species from seven families and three orders within the superorder Galeomorphii to screen for visual opsin and phototransduction genes. We reveal that cone monochromacy is widespread in galeomorph sharks, but the type of cone opsin expressed varies, with lamniform and orectolobiform sharks expressing an LWS opsin, and carcharhiniform and heterodontiform sharks expressing an RH2 opsin. Cone monochromacy has evolved from a dichromatic ancestral state at least four times, implying strong selection pressure to prioritise achromatic over chromatic vision. While all species express the GRK1A and GRK7 isoforms of G protein-coupled receptor kinase, only sharks with the LWS cone opsin express the GRK1B isoform, which suggests that non-spectral functions of photoreception may have influenced, or result from, the opsin complement in the shark retina. Finally, we show that the shark RH1 opsin gene shows evidence of positive selection at sites known to influence pigment kinetics (i.e. metarhodopsin II stability) and that the rate of retinal release likely differs substantially between species in ways that reflect their physiology and ecology.
Tough hydrogel-coated containment capsule of magnetic liquid metal for remote gastrointestinal operation
Authors: Shen Yifeng , Cao Jiasheng , Zhou Enjie , Wang Lei , Zhang Kaihang , Xue Yaoting , Yuan Hui , Hu Jiahao , Li Siyang , Miao Zhikun , Zhao Yukai , Wong Tuck-Whye , Li Tiefeng , Chen Mingyu , Yang Xuxu , Yang Wei
Published: February 2025

Gallium-based liquid metals, when combined with magnetic agents, emerge as intelligent materials with potential applications in soft robotics within biomedical engineering. However, concerns arise from the residual presence of liquid metal, raising long-term biological risks. Herein, we propose a containment method involving the rolling of magnetic liquid metal droplets in lyophilized powders, resulting in the formation of intact hydrogel coatings upon hydration. These hydrogel coatings adhere to the liquid metal surface, forming a cohesive network through hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups and siloxane linkages from silanol groups. This synergy of physical and chemical interactions enables hydrogel coatings with exceptional stretchability, fracture energy, and interfacial bonding to liquid metals. Consequently, the hydrogel-coated containment capsule of magnetic liquid metal exhibit remarkable resilience to cyclic compression, enduring strains of up to 85%, while also withstanding impacts from heights exceeding 14 m. Moreover, the containment capsules demonstrate large deformation capabilities, dexterous locomotion, and wireless heating under the control of static and alternating magnetic fields. They showcase the capability for remote thermal ablation operations on ex vivo porcine stomachs and in vivo rabbit models.
How to Dominate the Historical Average
Authors: Li Kai , Li Yingying , Lyu Changlei , Yu Jialin
Published: February 2025

We present a novel methodology for the out-of-sample forecast of the equity premium. Our predictive slope coefficient is a conservative constant that has a lower bias than the zero slope employed by the historical average, but has the same variance. We demonstrate that, theoretically and empirically, our method dominates the historical average in forecast performance. Our methodology establishes a simple yet powerful paradigm for exploiting the real-time equity premium predictability derived from a predictor. Applications of our method reveal that many predictors can forecast the equity premium, and that parameter estimates in previous studies add value to out-of-sample forecasts. (JEL C53, G11, G12)
The consequences of budding speciation on trees
Authors: Parins-Fukuchi C Tomomi , Saulsbury James G
Published: February 2025

Paleobiologists have long sought to explain how alternative modes of speciation, including budding and bifurcating cladogenesis, shape patterns of evolution. Methods introduced over the past decade have paved the way for a renewed enthusiasm for exploring modes of speciation in the fossil record. However, the field does not yet have a strong intuition for how ancestor-descendant relationships, especially those that arise from budding speciation, might influence the shape of trees reconstructed for fossil or living clades. We developed a simulation approach based on classic paleobiological theory to ask what proportion of ancestral nodes in paleontological phylogenies are expected to correspond to sampled taxa under a range of preservational regimes. We compared our simulated results to empirical estimates of absolute fossil record completeness gathered from the literature and found that many fossilized clades of marine invertebrates are likely to display upwards of 80% sampled ancestors. Under a primarily budding model, phylogenies where 100% of the internal nodes correspond to named species are very possible for well-sampled clades at local and regional scales. We also leveraged our simulation approach to ask how budding might shape extant clades. We found that the ancestral signature of budding causes rampant hard polytomies (i.e., multifurcations), greatly impacting the shape of extant clades. Our results highlight how budding can yield dramatic and unrecognized effects on phylogenetic reconstruction of clades of both living and extinct organisms.
Advances in neonatal resuscitation for the obstetric anesthesiologist
Authors: Fantin Raffaella , Wallner Bernd , Lichtenberger Philipp , Putzer Gabriel , Neubauer Vera , Griesmaier Elke
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review

This review provides an updated overview of neonatal resuscitation practices relevant to obstetric anesthesiologists, with a focus on term and late preterm neonates (>34 weeks’ gestation). Key topics include umbilical cord management, temperature regulation, airway strategies, and pharmacological interventions, emphasizing evidence-based approaches.

Recent findings

Delayed cord clamping enhances neonatal outcomes, including improved blood volume and oxygenation. Positive pressure ventilation remains the cornerstone of neonatal resuscitation, with early initiation reducing mortality. Supraglottic airways are emerging as effective alternatives to face masks. Advances in epinephrine administration and dosing show promise, though evidence gaps persist. Simulation-based training, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence are advancing skill retention and resuscitation support.

Recent advancements in neonatal resuscitation focus on precision in ventilation, thermoregulation, and airway management. Obstetric anesthesiologists play a critical role in neonatal emergencies, underscoring the need for continuous training and the integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence to optimize neonatal outcomes.
Effect of Single-Prong Cannula Design With High Velocity Therapy: Comparable Efficacy at Lower Gas Flow Rates
Authors: Atwood Charles , Sethi Jigme , Bergeski Amy , Dungan George C. , Volakis Leonithas I. , Whittle Jessica S.
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:

High velocity therapy (HVT), a form of high-flow oxygen therapy, utilizing a small-bore nasal cannula has been widely used in acute care settings. A new dual-prong (newDP) cannula made using more comfortable material and a single-prong (SP) cannula were evaluated to compare comfort and functionality as measured by relief of dyspnea of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving HVT therapy.

DESIGN:

Randomized crossover evaluation.

SETTING:

Outpatient and in patient critical care setting.

PATIENTS:

Patients with hypercapnic COPD presenting with dyspnea above baseline.

INTERVENTIONS:

HVT therapy was provided using an existing HVT dual-prong nasal cannula (traditional) to determine the most efficacious flow rate. Patients were then randomized to receive either the newDP cannula, or the SP cannula, and retitrated for optimal flow rate. During each session of therapy, Rated Perceived Dyspnea (RPD) scores, vital signs, transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (PTC
co
2) levels, and clinician/ patient perceptions were documented.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Of 31 enrolled, 26 patients completed the trial. The median flow rate that relieved dyspnea for the traditional, newDP, and SP cannulas were 25 L/min (20–30 L/min), 25 L/min (19.1–30 L/min), and 15 L/min (13–17 L/min), respectively. The change in RPD from baseline for traditional, newDP, and SP were –1 (–1 to 0), –1 (–2 to –1), and –1 (–2 to –1). Change in RPD from baseline for newDP and SP compared with the traditional cannula was significantly different (p = 0.044 and p = 0.01, respectively). Changes in vital signs and PTC
co
2 were similar between the three cannula types compared with baseline. The SP cannula provided comparable therapeutic efficacy at significantly lower flow rates (traditional vs. SP; p < 0.0001 and newDP vs. SP; p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

The new cannula designs provided comparable relief of dyspnea. The single-prong cannula provided comparable efficacy at significantly lower flow rates (traditional vs. SP; p < 0.0001 and newDP vs. SP; p < 0.0001). The use of a single-prong cannula with HVT warrants further study.
Association of Causative Pathogens With Acute Kidney Injury in Adult Patients With Community-Onset Sepsis
Authors: Pant Praruj , Chihara Shingo , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Treggiari Miriam M. , Messina Julia A. , Privratsky Jamie R. , Raghunathan Karthik , Ohnuma Tetsu
Published: February 2025

IMPORTANCE:

The influence of disease-causing pathogen on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVES:

We examined the association of microbial pathogen with AKI among patients with community-onset sepsis.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

This was a retrospective cohort study. Patient data were acquired from the nationwide multicenter PINC AI Healthcare Database (2016–2020). Participants included adult patients with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined community-onset sepsis.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

The primary exposure was pathogen type identified by culture growth. Microbial cultures from any site were included. The primary endpoint was development of AKI within 7 days of admission using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria. We used multilevel logistic regression to examine the association between pathogen type and AKI. Escherichia coli-positive cultures were used as the reference category.

RESULTS:

We included 119,733 patients with community-onset sepsis. The median age was 67 years, 33.3% were mechanically ventilated, 36.1% received vasopressors, and hospital mortality was 13.1%. Forty-two thousand twenty-seven patients (35.1%) developed stage 1 AKI, 22,979 (19.2%) developed stage 2 AKI, and 25,073 (20.9%) developed stage 3 AKI. Relative to patients with E. coli infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.0), Proteus species (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50), and Streptococcus species (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10–1.41) were associated with increased odds of AKI. Meanwhile, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.49–0.64) and Serratia species (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.52–0.94) were associated with decreased odds of AKI.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

The causative pathogen in patients with sepsis may influence the development of AKI. Further mechanistic and clinical research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore how different pathogens may affect AKI risk in critically ill patients.
Stabilization of Microsurgical Anastomosis Using Fat-piece Graft With Autologous Fibrin Glue in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Ikusaka Keisuke , Satake Toshihiko , Noto Minami , Katsuragi Ryohei , Tsukura Kahori , Ikeda Tatsuya , Taki Kyona , Tachibana Gaku , Kobayashi Kohta , Onoda Satoshi
Published: February 2025

Flap loss is a severe complication of autologous breast reconstruction. Most flap losses are caused by thrombosis of the anastomosed artery or vein. To prevent vascular disorders, we placed a fat-piece graft around the vessel anastomosis and stabilized the graft and the vessel with autologous fibrin glue. From February 2020 to September 2023, 163 patients underwent autologous breast reconstruction, including 179 breasts, using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap and autologous fibrin glue to stabilize the internal mammary artery and vein at the Toyama University Hospital. Information on complications was collected retrospectively. No flap losses were observed during the study period; however, 1 hematoma and 1 infection occurred. Stabilization of the pedicle geometry may reduce the risk of kinking, and filling the dead space around the anastomosis reduced vessel spasms. Moreover, autologous fibrin glue may decrease complications such as hematoma, infection, and wound healing disturbance. The factors that may lower the risk of complications include flap design, assessment using multidetector computed tomography, selection of perforator and recipient vessels, vascular anastomosis method, postoperative management, and so on. In addition to these factors, this technique, stabilization of vessels using a fat-piece graft and fibrin glue, may lead to fewer complications during autologous breast reconstruction.
Global burden of HBV-related liver disease: Primary liver cancer due to chronic HBV infection increased in over one-third of countries globally from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Duangsonk Kwanjit , Chen Vincent L. , Saokhieo Preenapun , Dejvajara Disatorn , Sukphutanan Banthoon , Aboona Majd B. , Lopimpisuth Chawin , Pang Yanfang , Ibrahim Andrew F. , Fallon Michael B. , Huang Daniel Q. , Kim Donghee , Singal Amit G. , Yang Ju Dong , Aqel Bashar A. , Terrault Norah A. , Wijarnpreecha Karn
Published: February 2025

Backgrounds &Aims:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease ranks as the seventh leading cause of mortality. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, global disparities in the burden of primary liver cancer (PLC) persist. We evaluate global trends in the prevalence, incidence, and death of HBV-related liver disease.

Approach and Results:

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 evaluated acute HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis, and HBV-related liver cancer prevalence, incidence, and death. In 2021, there were 7.30 million cases of acute HBV, 283.64 million cases of HBV-related cirrhosis, and 288,110 cases of HBV-related PLC. HBV-related PLC accounted for 39% of the global incidence of PLC; Western Pacific had the highest rates for HBV-related PLC, with an incidence of 5.24 and a death rate of 4.38 per 100,000 population. Between 2000-2021, age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and death rates from HBV-related liver disease decreased; however, the incidence of HBV-related PLC rose in 65 countries from 2000 to 2021. In parallel, age-standardized prevalent rates from HBV-related PLC increased in Europe (Annual percent change [APC]: 0.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 0.81%) and the Americas (APC: 1.05%, 95%CI 1.00 to 1.10%).

Conclusion:

From 2000 to 2021, decreases in HBV-related liver disease incidence and prevalence were observed; however, more than one-third of countries showed an increase in the incidence of HBV-related PLC. These findings highlight the need for strengthened HBV treatment efforts to reduce the risk of liver cancer.
Establishing Consensus with Users of Research Irradiator Devices to Facilitate Source Type Replacement
Authors: Fennesy Danette R. , Gutiérrez Janet M. , Patlovich Scott J. , Emery Robert J.
Published: February 2025

The ability to irradiate cells, tissues, and other biological materials with high-energy photons has been an essential tool in the discovery of numerous biomedical research advancements. Historically, such irradiation was accomplished using sealed sources of radioactive materials in the form of 137Cs or 60Co. After the tragic events of 11 September 2001, a particular focus was placed on the vulnerability that irradiators represented due to the potential malicious acts that might lead to the creation of a radiological exposure or dispersal device. To mitigate this risk exposure, the United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) developed programs to both enhance the security associated with these devices and to incentivize the replacement of the units with x-ray-based technology. However, a significant barrier to engagement with the exchange program is the hesitancy on the part of the research community that does not wish to disrupt existing and established research protocols. This hesitancy stems from an inherent desire to adhere to the scientific process with the strict control of variables so that a single aspect can be isolated and then determined to result in an effect. A change from a gamma source to an x-ray source introduces a variable that warrants careful consideration and could have significant scientific and data-related impacts. Described here is the process undertaken by the radiation safety program for a major academic biomedical research institution to successfully transition from the use of gamma irradiators to x-ray devices without disrupting or negatively impacting critical research activities. The key to this successful transition was the establishment of consensus amongst the scientific and administrative communities prior to any formal commitment to the NNSA for the replacement endeavor. Ultimately, the researchers have found success in the transition and use of the x-ray irradiator replacements.
Comprehensive Review of CRCPD Efforts in the Disposition of Disused Radioactive Sources
Authors: McBurney Ruth E. , Steves Kimberly
Published: February 2025

The Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors (CRCPD), a national non-profit, non-governmental organization dedicated to radiation protection, established a National Radioactive Material Disposition Program to assist state radiation control programs, licensees, and members of the public in managing orphan sources and otherwise unwanted or disused radioactive material. The program consists of several services including technical assistance with disposition options; financial assistance to radiation control programs for the disposition of orphan sources; and the Source Collection and Threat Reduction (SCATR) Program for financial and logistical assistance in the disposal of unwanted sources. For the past 18 years, the CRCPD has partnered with the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to provide outreach to licensees and assistance in the disposal of disused sources, through the SCATR Program. The overarching goal of the SCATR Program is to design and execute a comprehensive and cost-effective process for identifying and reducing the threat of diversion of radioactive material for misuse, focusing on those sources that have a commercial disposal path. During the time the program has been in place, the scope has expanded to include higher activity sources, such as irradiators, and source collections in unusual circumstances. Progress toward the goals, disposal and transportation issues, and ancillary concerns being addressed by CRCPD are discussed.
Monitoring and Remediation of Tritium Contamination in Groundwater at a New Jersey Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Tuccillo Karen , Vouglitois James , Schwartz Paul
Published: February 2025

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s (NJDEP) Bureau of Nuclear Engineering (BNE) has an ongoing program to monitor the concentrations of tritium in groundwater associated with leaks from nuclear power plants. Numerous monitoring wells are sampled on a routine basis to monitor the progress of licensee remedial activities and to ensure that off-site groundwater is not impacted by the leaks. The results of this program have demonstrated that off-site groundwater, including drinking water sources, have not been impacted by these leaks, and that ongoing remedial activities have successfully reduced the level of tritium contamination in on-site groundwater. An important lesson learned was that facility construction activities, such as building foundations, buried pipes and tunnels, cofferdams, and sheet piling, disturb confining layers, creating pathways to deeper aquifers. Proper plume characterization must include sampling in the formation to which the contaminant was released, as well as concurrent sampling of the underlying aquifers that were disturbed by facility construction.
CRCPD E-43 Committee for Interagency Environmental Data Sharing and Communications Endorsed RadResponder Threshold Sets
Authors: Slubowski Jill , Leek Angela , Irwin William , Hass Amy , Haskins Hillary , Azmat Sahar , Wentworth Theodore (TR) , Bruner Brennan , Mulligan Patrick , Hardeman Jim , Day Jeffrey
Published: February 2025

Situational awareness is critical in radiological emergency response as it enables responders to understand and interpret real-time data to make informed decisions during high-stress situations. Effective situational awareness involves collecting accurate data on radiation levels, contamination zones, and potential exposure risks, and visualizing this data in a comprehensible format. Tools like RadResponder play a key role in this process by allowing users to assign severity levels to data records and view them on an event map, thus facilitating rapid and informed decision-making. The CRCPD E-43 committee has developed enhanced threshold sets for RadResponder to improve situational awareness during radiological incidents. These threshold sets, based on science and informed by nationally recognized reference documents or regulations, are designed to help responders quickly assess radiation levels and make informed decisions regarding public safety and emergency worker doses. By providing clear, easily identifiable values and a standardized approach to data visualization, these threshold sets enhance the effectiveness of radiological emergency response efforts. The committee also recommends upgrades to the RadResponder system for better visibility and management of threshold sets, ensuring responders can efficiently access vital information during emergencies.
Long-term Outcomes of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Versus Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Under a Failed Penetrating Keratoplasty Graft
Authors: Snyder Alyssa J. , Bauer Alex J. , Straiko Michael D. , Terry Mark A. , Chen Jessica
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To compare long-term outcomes of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) versus Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) under a failed penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) graft.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive surgeries (Febuary 2007–September 2023) that received a DSAEK graft (n = 52) or DMEK graft (n = 51) under a failed PKP. Postoperative complication rates of primary graft failure (PGF), late endothelial graft failure, graft rejection, rebubble, and steroid response were recorded. Endothelial cell loss (ECL) at 6-month, 2-year, and 5-year postoperative visits were calculated. Graft survival time and survival probability at 5 years was determined using a Kaplan–Meier analysis. Twelve DMEK and 17 DSAEK eyes had 5-year follow-up. Eyes with a glaucoma filtration tube, trabeculectomy, or anterior chamber intraocular lens were excluded.

Results:

Rebubble rate was significant between DSAEK and DMEK cohorts (5.8%, 29.4%, P = 0.0017*). Rate of rejection, late endothelial graft failure, steroid response, 6-month ECL, 2-year ECL, 5-year ECL, survival probability, and 5-year mean survival time were not significant between DSAEK and DMEK cohorts [(9.6%, 5.9%, P = 0.7155), (13.5%, 9.8%, P = 0.7602), (9.6%, 11.8%, P = 0.7602), (32.0% ± 21.0%, 41.65% ± 25.6%, P = 0.1949), (55.8% ± 21.6%, 62.5% ± 19.8%, P = 0.4463), (59.5% ± 35.0%, 72.5% ± 5.7%, P = 0.3468), (88.5%, 84.3%, P = 0.483), (53.9 ± 2.4 confidence interval, 49.1–58.6 months, 52.7 ± 2.9 confidence interval, 47.0–58.5 months)]. PGF occurred in 0/52 (0%) and 3/51 (5.9%) eyes in the DSAEK and DMEK cohorts with nonsignificant trends favoring DSAEK (P = 0.1178).

Conclusions:

The only significant difference between DSAEK and DMEK cohorts was rebubble rate. However, nonsignificant trends favored PGF and ECL in the DSAEK cohort. Further investigation is warranted to determine if DSAEK provides better short-term and similar long-term outcomes compared with DMEK under a failed PKP.
The Use of Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix in Reconstruction Postvascular Anomaly Excision in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Shilova Maria , Choy Kay T. , Das Gupta Romi , Stefanutti Giorgio , Storey Kristen , Griffin Bronwyn , Rashid Mudassir , Kimble Roy M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Reconstructing sites postvascular anomaly excision, particularly in high-tension areas or large excision zones, is challenging and often requires full-thickness grafts or flaps. The consideration of long-term scar outcomes, especially in pediatric cases, is crucial to prevent scar contractures from hindering growth. Acellular dermal matrices, such as biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM), provide a valuable alternative reconstructive option following vascular anomaly excision.

Objective:

This article describes a reconstructive technique used for children undergoing excision of vascular anomalies via a case series of patients managed with this technique.

Methods:

This is a prospective study of 10 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent BTM reconstruction postvascular anomaly excision at a tertiary pediatric hospital. The indications for excision, the operative process for each child, postoperative management, and subsequent scar outcomes are described. The Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile was used to assess scar outcomes.

Results:

A range of vascular anomalies were excised, involving up to 15% of the total body surface area. In these patients, BTM served as a neodermis for subsequent split-thickness skin grafting. There was partial split skin graft loss in 2 patients, but in no cases was the dermal template lost, nor were there any cases of sepsis. Symptom control was achieved in all patients.

Conclusions:

In our experience, BTM offers a practical and safe reconstructive option for pediatric patients requiring excision of their vascular anomaly. It spares patients from more extensive procedures, has low rates of infection, and provides acceptable scar results.
Usefulness of MRI T1 Mapping in Predicting Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Kitagawa Noriyuki , Shimizu Akira , Yamada Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Masuo Hitoshi , Yamazaki Shiori , Hirano Shohei , Yokokawa Yoshiharu , Soejima Yuji
Published: February 2025

Objectives:

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most significant and potentially lethal complication of pancreatectomy. This study evaluated the association between MRI pancreatic T1 mapping and POPF and developed a new, useful, and noninvasive predictor of distal pancreatectomy (DP).

Methods:

The study included 39 patients who underwent preoperative MRI T1 mapping using the Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery Sequence (MOLLI) followed by DP between January 2018 and July 2024. Patients with (POPF (+), n=15) and those without POPF (POPF (-), n=24) were compared for their characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and parameters derived from MRI. The circular region of interest was positioned on the pancreatic head, ventral side of the portal vein, and transection site to measure the T1 mapping value. The data were analyzed using R1 values (R1=1/T1), and the cut-off values were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results:

The R1 value of the pancreatic transection site in the POPF (+) group was significantly higher than that in the POPF (-) group (1.180 vs. 1.066 sec-1; P<0.001). The R1 value of the pancreatic transection site was an independent risk factor for grade B/C POPF (odds ratio, 5.01; P=0.005). To predict POPF, a cutoff R1 value of 1.116 sec-1 at the transection site was obtained by maximizing the Youden index.

Conclusions:

High R1 values at the pancreatic transection site indicate a higher possibility of developing grade B/C POPF. Preoperative MRI T1 mapping may be valuable for predicting POPF after DP.
A Comprehensive Examination of Just Culture Principles in Nurses’ Transition to Practice
Authors: Baker Manisa , Toothaker Rebecca , Walker Danielle , Flexner Randi Sue , McQuiston Linda S , Hromadik Lora
Published: February 2025

Background:

Transition to practice from a nursing student to registered nurse comes with challenges. Just culture is taught in nursing education, yet not easily translated into practice.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to the understand NGN’s perception of just culture from transition to practice.

Methods:

A secondary data analysis was conducted from a mixed-methods longitudinal study. Just culture perceptions were assessed at 2 time points, while in school and 6 months after graduation.

Results:

Data converged around the beliefs of just culture and willingness to report safety events. Other aspects of just culture, such as continuous improvement and fear of reporting, not only change across time as NGN transition to practice but are divergent.

Conclusion:

Students and NGN participants reported understanding the concept of just culture; however, challenges remain with institutional and societal norms.
SimZones Approach to a Competency-Based Objective Structured Clinical Examination
Authors: Klenke-Borgmann Laura , Mattson Nate
Published: February 2025

Background:

Competency-based education (CBE) can be achieved through purposeful structuring of experiential learning. Yet, there is scant guidance for nurse educators to operationalize this transition.

Purpose:

To describe a semester-long CBE simulation curriculum for third-year nursing students, using the SimZone (Zone 0-3) framework.

Methods:

Zone 0 ensured foundational knowledge. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Prep Lab 1 (Zone 1) and Prep Lab 2 (Zone 2) provided deliberate skill practice and small group simulation practice, respectively. Zone 3 was the summative OSCE.

Results:

Students’ (n = 107) performance was assessed on patient safety, clinical judgment, assessment, and communication. Initially, 64% of students were deemed competent, increasing to 92% after additional practice and to 100% with further iteration. Students also reviewed their OSCE recordings and completed reflective writing.

Conclusion:

This approach may serve as a model for other nursing programs to implement competency-based curricula through leveled simulations and iterative learning.
Effect of Electroacupuncture on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Eccentric Exercise in Young Untrained Men: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Komine Shoichi , Miura Ikuru , Hu Teng , Ogata Akihiro , Tamai Shinsuke , Tokinoya Katsuyuki , Oh Sechang , Wada Shota , Takekoshi Kazuhiro , Ito Go , Isobe Tomonori , Matsui Takashi , Ohmori Hajime
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to compare the effects of ipsilateral electroacupuncture (IEA) at the site of exercise-induced pain and those of contralateral electroacupuncture (CEA) on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle injury markers, and oxidative stress following eccentric exercise.

Design

Nineteen young men were randomly assigned to receive either CEA or IEA. All participants performed eccentric exercise using the biceps brachii muscle of the nondominant arm to induce muscle damage. Six sets of five repetitions were completed at 70% of maximal muscle strength. Electroacupuncture stimulation was applied to the dominant arm in the CEA group and the nondominant arm in the IEA group. Electroacupuncture stimulation was applied in both groups from 7 days before exercise to 4 days after exercise.

Results

Palpation pain was significantly lower in the IEA group than the CEA group at 72 and 96 hours after exercise. The muscle injury markers increased following exercise, but these changes were not significantly influenced by IEA stimulation. IEA suppressed exercise-induced oxidative stress at 72 hours after exercise.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the direct electroacupuncture on the damaged muscle before and after eccentric exercise effectively reduces DOMS. Electroacupuncture might suppress increases in oxidative stress elicited by eccentric exercise.
Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin on Muscle Mass and Volume in Individuals with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Ai-Chieh , Su Yu-Chi , Lin Yu-Ching
Published: February 2025

Objective

To comprehensively survey the impact of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on muscle volume or mass in treating lower limb spasticity in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Design

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to May 15, 2024. We focused on changes in the volume or mass of the gastrocnemius, triceps surae, or entire distal lower limb muscles at various follow-up periods. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to assess the moderating effects of age and gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level.

Results

Our analysis included 11 cohort studies. A significant decrease in gastrocnemius muscle volume or mass was observed 2 to 3 months post-BoNT treatment (SMD −0.496, 95% CI [−0.810, −0.181]) but not at earlier (SMD −0.134, [−0.397, 0.129]) or later (SMD −0.223, [−1.199, 0.752]) periods. The triceps surae and entire distal lower limb muscles showed no changes. Older patients (P = 0.026) and those with GMFCS I-II levels (P = 0.0191) had more pronounced decreases.

Conclusion

The present study showed a decrease in muscle volume or mass of the BoNT-injected gastrocnemius after a short follow-up period but not in the triceps surae or the distal lower limb in individuals with spastic CP.
Determining the incidence of concomitant traumatic brain injury in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a ten-year cross-sectional study
Authors: Dionne Antoine , Briand Marie-Michèle , Richard-Denis Andréane , Lim Victor , Le Minh Tri , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc
Published: February 2025

Objective

A concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often seen in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Unfortunately, the exact epidemiology of concomitant TBI-TSCI remains unknown. Our objective was to determine the incidence of concomitant TBI-TSCI and identify clinical factors associated with its occurence.

Design

A prospective cross-sectional study of 476 TSCI patients was conducted. In all patients, baseline characteristics were routinely collected and the presence of a TBI was sought prospectively by a specialized neurosurgeon using standardized diagnostic criteria based on clinical and radiological variables.

Results

Out of the 476 included patients, 250 (53%) had isolated TSCI and 226 (47%) had concomitant TBI-TSCI. Almost 85% of diagnosed TBI were mild. At the univariate level, patients with concomitant TBI-TSCI were more likely to present a history of drug/alcohol abuse (p = 0.014), be involved in a motor vehicle accident (p < 0.001), sustain a high energy mechanism (p < 0.001) or present tetraplegia rather than paraplegia(p = 0.021). These factors all remained significant at the multivariate level.

Discussion

A concomitant TBI can be found in around 50% of TSCI individuals. There are several clinical variables that should increase clinical suspicion of underlying TBI and warrant further investigation to facilitate prompt identification and treatment of affected patients.
Effects of Social Determinants of Health on Stroke Survivor Discharge Location from an Acute Comprehensive Stroke Center
Authors: Migliarese Sara , Adams Tiffany , McCloskey Kiran , Henao David , Gregory Chere
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to assess the influence of social determinants of health on discharge location after an acute care hospital admission due to stroke.

Design

Retrospective analyses assessed electronic medical records (EMR) from an acute facility in North Carolina dating from November 20, 2014, to December 29, 2019 (N = 4,603). All subjects were diagnosed with stroke and received at least one physical therapy session. Multinomial stepwise logistic regression assessed the clinical and demographic factors associated with being discharged to each home care with services, skilled nursing facilities, or inpatient rehabilitation in comparison to home care without services.

Results

After accounting for clinical variables, being younger, having a significant other, holding private insurance, being female, and being of Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a greater probability of being discharged to home care without services. Compared to White patients, Black patients were more likely to be discharged to home care with services than home care without services. Intraclass correlations indicated that zip code of residence may influence likelihood of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility.

Conclusion

This analysis demonstrates that social determinants of health are associated with discharge location.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Pain-Related Fear and Pain Intensity in Experimental Pain Models
Authors: Kutash Lindsay A. , Sayer MacKenzie A. , Delahanty Douglas L.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Pain is a multifaceted experience influenced by sensory and affective factors, with significant variability in perception among individuals that affects pain management and recovery. Pain-related fear (PRF) has been linked to a number of adverse outcomes in clinical pain populations, including pain intensity. Experimental studies offer unique insight into the direction and magnitude of the PRF–pain intensity relationship; however, results of relevant studies are mixed. The present meta-analysis aimed to synthesize findings of laboratory studies investigating PRF and pain intensity in order to estimate the pooled effect of this relationship as well as to evaluate potential moderators and competing variables contributing to between-study variability (preregistration ID: CRD42023432110).

Methods

Searches in PubMed, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library yielded 27 independent samples, totaling 1633 participants, that reported correlations between PRF and pain intensity in healthy, pain-free individuals.

Results

Results revealed a pooled effect size that was positive and significant (r = 0.22, p < .001), with the magnitude of the relationship varying by PRF measurement tool (Q = 8.48, p = .004). Specifically, studies that used the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (McNeil and Rainwater, 1998) reported more robust effect sizes than alternative PRF measurement tools. Although competing psychological variables were related to both PRF and pain intensity, PRF predicted pain intensity over and above these factors.

Conclusion

The present results indicate a unique positive effect of PRF, as measured in the absence of an ongoing pain experience, on later perceptions of pain intensity. The implications for future experimental pain studies and clinical translation are discussed.