bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Gels in Catalysis
Authors: Moreno‐Castilla Carlos
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Properties of Nitrogen‐Containing Carbons
Authors: Boehm Hanns‐Peter
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Carbon‐Supported Metal Catalysts
Authors: Bitter Johannes H. , De Jong Krijn P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylphosphonic Acids and Derivatives
Authors: Gorrell I. B. , Kee T. P.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Borylarylamines
Authors: Chiara J. L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Arylhydroxylamines
Authors: Schmidt A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroarenes
Authors: Aitken K. M. , Aitken R. A.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Organozinc Addition Toward Optically Active Tertiary Alcohol Synthesis
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of all‐Carbon Quaternary Centers by Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition
Authors: Alexakis Alexandre , Vuagnoux‐d'Augustin Magali , Martin David , Kehrli Stefan , Palais Laetitia , Henon Helene , Hawner Christine
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Spandl Richard J. , Diaz‐Gavilan Monica , O'Connell Kieron M. G. , Thomas Gemma L. , Spring David R.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Transformation of meso Bicyclic Hydrazines: Versatile Access to Functionalized Aminocyclopentanes
Authors: Bournaud Chloee , Chung Florence , Perez Luna Alejandro , Pasco Morgane , Errasti Gauthier , Lecourt Thomas , Micouin Laurent
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate (TFFH) in Peptide and Organic Synthesis
Authors: El‐Faham Ayman , Khattab Sherine N.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoropentaphenylborole: A New Approach to Lewis Acidic, Electron‐Deficient Compounds
Authors: Huynh Keith , Vignolle Joan , Tilley T. Don
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Economy in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Burns Noah Z. , Baran Phil S. , Hoffmann Reinhard W.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The State of the Art in Asymmetric Induction: The Aldol Reaction as a Case Study
Authors: Geary Laina M. , Hultin Philip G.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometric Screening of Chiral Catalysts and Catalyst Mixtures
Authors: Mueller Constanze Annelie , Markert Christian , Teichert Antje Maria , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of Organolithium Reactions
Authors: Rathman Terry Li , Bailey William F.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐National Clinical Trial in Circulatory Disorders
Authors: Takahashi Kihito
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallomics: The Concept and Methodology
Authors: Mounicou Sandra , Szpunar Joanna , Lobinski Ryszard
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of Flavonoids on Memory: Physiological and Molecular Considerations
Authors: Spencer Jeremy P. E.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Organic Molecules at Metal Surfaces
Authors: Kuehnle Angelika
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: MOFs: Multifunctional and Environmentally Friendly Tracing Pores
Authors: Soine‐Stark Christiane
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemically Reactive Peptides for the Production of Electroactive Conjugates of Specified Conformation and Side‐Chain Placement
Authors: Charati Manoj , Kas Onur , Galvin Mary E. , Kiick Kristi L.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Polymeric Extractants (TVEX). Synthesis, Extraction Characterization, and Applications for Metal Extraction Processes
Authors: Korovin Vadim , Shestak Yuri , Pogorelov Yuri , Cortina Jose Luis
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Studies of Hydroxy Schiff Bases
Authors: Hansen P. E. , Rozwadowski Z. , Dziembowska T.
Published: June 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structures of kinesin motor proteins
Authors: Marx Alexander , Hoenger Andreas , Mandelkow Eckhard
Published: June 2009

Almost 25 years of kinesin research have led to the accumulation of a large body of knowledge about this widespread superfamily of motor and nonmotor proteins present in all eukaryotic cells. This review covers developments in kinesin research with an emphasis on structural aspects obtained by X‐ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy 3‐D analysis on kinesin motor domains complexed to microtubules. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 66: 958–966, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of K‐ras mutation
Authors: Jiang Yixing , Kimchi Eric T. , Staveley‐O'Carroll Kevin F. , Cheng Hua , Ajani Jaffer A.
Published: June 2009

Some of the most significant therapeutic advances in the treatment of cancer have occurred in the management of colorectal metastases. The introduction of new cytotoxic chemotherapeutic and biologic agents has changed the approach to these patients from both an oncologic and a surgical perspective. In addition, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which these agents affect tumors is developing. This molecular information will be critical in the future in designing therapeutic regimens based on an individual tumor's genetic profile rather than treatment for a specific tumor type. The rapidly evolving treatment of colon cancer has provided several interesting genetic biomarkers/pathways/genes‐/kinases that have been targeted or seem to play an important role. Of particular interest is the blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with monoclonal antibodies. This treatment is efficacious when used alone or combined with chemotherapy. However, recent data revealed that patients with tumors positive for the K‐ras mutation do not benefit from EGFR blockade. Compelling evidence has indicated that mutated K‐ras is an important oncogene involved at the early stage of the development of colorectal cancer. Furthermore, mutations in the K‐ras gene have been associated with aggressive tumor biology. K‐ras mutational analysis is an important step in the overarching goal of developing personalized medicine. New treatment strategies are needed to more effectively treat patients with the K‐ras mutation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of PTEN and HIF‐1α and correlation with efficacy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus versus interferon‐α
Authors: Figlin Robert A. , de Souza Paul , McDermott David , Dutcher Janice P. , Berkenblit Anna , Thiele Alexandra , Krygowski Mizue , Strahs Andrew , Feingold Jay , Boni Joseph , Hudes Gary
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND:

Exploratory subgroup analyses from the phase 3 global advanced renal cell carcinoma (ARCC) trial were conducted to determine if baseline levels of the tumor molecular markers PTEN and HIF1 α correlated with efficacy in patients treated with temsirolimus (Torisel) versus interferon‐α (IFN).

METHODS:

Patients in the IFN group received 3 million U (MU) subcutaneously 3x weekly, escalating to 18 MU. Patients in the temsirolimus group received 25 mg intravenously weekly. PTEN and HIF1 α baseline levels were measured in archived tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS:

There was no correlation between baseline PTEN and HIF1 α levels and treatment effect with respect to overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival, or objective response rate (ORR) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma with poor‐risk prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

The baseline status of the molecular markers PTEN and HIF1 α did not correlate with efficacy in renal cell carcinoma patients treated with temsirolimus versus IFN. Patients demonstrated OS and progression‐free survival benefit when treated with temsirolimus regardless of PTEN and HIF1 α status. Thus, baseline PTEN and HIF‐1 levels may not predict response to temsirolimus. Alternatively, the lack of correlation may be due to the variability in tumor specimens that occurred because of the global nature of the clinical trial. Other markers in the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway may be of utility as predictors of response to temsirolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Secondary sarcomas after radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Mery Carlos M. , George Suzanne , Bertagnolli Monica M. , Raut Chandrajit P.
Published: June 2009

BACKGROUND:

Radiotherapy (RT) has been a risk factor for development of soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The objective of the current study was to quantify the risk of STS after RT and surgery for breast cancer (BCa), assess time trends, and compare long‐term survival of patients with RT‐associated and non–RT‐associated angiosarcoma (AS) using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

METHODS:

Women with BCa reported to SEER in 1973 to 2003 were included. Kaplan‐Meier curves and proportional hazards models, reported as hazards ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were used. Survival of patients who developed RT‐associated AS was compared with that of patients with primary AS of the thorax and upper extremities.

RESULTS:

The cohort of 563,155 BCa patients was divided into 2 groups: those who received RT (37%) and those who received no RT. RT use increased with time (P <. 0001). A total of 948 patients developed STS 1 to 29 years after BCa diagnosis. RT patients had a higher incidence of all STS (31 vs 22 per 100,000 person‐years; HR, 1.5 [95%CI, 1.3‐1.8]), AS (HR, 7.6; 95% CI, 4.9‐11.9), and malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.6‐3.9). RT remained a significant predictor after adjustment for covariates (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.7). Partial mastectomies (HR, 7.1; 95% CI, 3.2‐16), RT (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.3), and lymph node dissections (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3‐5) were found to be independent risk factors for AS. The hazard of STS after RT peaked at 10 years, reaching the non‐RT hazard at approximately 23 years. The 5‐year survival for STS was 38%. There was no difference in survival noted between RT‐induced and non–RT‐induced AS.

CONCLUSIONS:

RT was found to increase the risk for STS, in particular AS and MFH. Patients who received RT for BCa should be followed closely for >20 years. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Meshfree analysis of two‐dimensional contaminant transport through unsaturated porous media using EFGM
Authors: Praveen Kumar R. , Dodagoudar G. R.
Published: June 2009

The development of numerical methods for modelling contaminant transport in the subsurface is of major importance in view of the numerous applications in the contaminant hydrogeology and geoenvironmental engineering. Conventional mesh‐based numerical methods have some difficulties when dealing with contaminant transport problems wherein high advective velocities, low dispersivities and/or high contrast in dispersivity are involved. The present study aims at contributing to the numerical study of two‐dimensional contaminant transport thorough unsaturated porous media using meshfree technique, namely element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM). In the EFGM, an approximate solution is constructed entirely in terms of a set of nodes and no characterization of the interrelationship of the nodes is needed. The EFGM employs moving least squares approximants to approximate the function and uses the Lagrange multiplier method for imposing the essential boundary conditions. van Genuchten model is used for describing the hydrodynamic properties of the unsaturated porous media. MATLAB code is developed to obtain the numerical solution. Three numerical examples are presented and the results are compared with those obtained from the finite element method. The EFGM has generated stable and convergent results for advection‐dominated transport problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient geometric approach to solve the slope limiting problem with the Discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured triangles
Authors: Younes Anis , Fahs Marwan , Ackerer Philippe
Published: June 2009

The Discontinuous Galerkin method requires the use of an appropriate slope limiter to avoid unphysical oscillations near sharp fronts. Standard limiters, based on the resolution of a minimization problem with linear constraints, are usually solved using an iterative procedure. In this work, an efficient geometric approach is developed to solve the minimization problem on a general triangular mesh. Accuracy and efficiency of the developed limiter are compared with the iterative approach and to a Minmod‐based limiter.The results show that both the iterative and the geometric approaches are more accurate than the Minmod‐based limiter. The geometric limiter is shown to be more efficient than the other limiters. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical studies on ZnO films prepared by sol‐gel method
Authors: Ghosh T. , Bandopadhyay S. , Roy K. K. , Maiti A. K. , Goswami K.
Published: June 2009

A standard sol‐gel method was used to deposit ZnO thin films of suitable thickness on glass substrate.The optical characteristics of the visible to infrared range on thermal stress were critically observed. Morphological signature of the films was detected by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystallite size determined by Scherrer method from XRD data were consistent with grain size estimated from spectroscopic data through Meulenkamp equation. The optical band gap value from the transmission spectrum was found to corroborate with the existing works. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of spindle‐shaped silver nanoparticles in SDS solutions
Authors: Li Zhongchun , Gu Aijun , Zhou Quanfa
Published: June 2009

Spindle‐shaped silver nanoparticles were successfully prepared in high yield by a simple wet chemical approach using citric acid (CA) as reducant in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to characterize the obtained products. It is found that the spindle‐shaped architecture of siver nanoparticles is drastically influenced by the mass ratio of SDS to CA and the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3). It is revealed that SDS is not as a template but as a capping agent. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of star‐shaped PbWO4 crystal assemblies in TSA solution and their optical properties
Authors: Chen Guangyu , Yang Liangbao , Liu Jinhuai
Published: June 2009

Star‐shaped PbWO4 crystals have been synthesized in large scale by a hydrothermal route. The influence of reaction time and temperature is studied. It is observed that the luminescence intensity of the same sample increases dramatically with decreasing the temperature, the Luminescence intensity of the different PbWO4 particles increases with prolonging the reaction time. The luminescence intensity of the particles is affected by the reaction time and temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlled deposition and transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate thin films
Authors: Huang Fangzhi , Shen Yuhua , Xie Anjian , Zhang Xiuzhen , Cai Yan , Wu Wenting
Published: June 2009

Controlled synthesis of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) films was realized by using the multiple templates, which are composed of a self‐assembled film (SAF, insoluble Poly (ε‐caprolactone) film) and a soluble modifier (poly allylamine), as modifiers. The formation of self‐assembled film was analyzed by monitoring the morphologies using atomic force microscopy. Even more noteworthy, using anhydrous ethanol as media, the ACC‐to‐vaterite‐to‐calcite transformation was also investigated, and the obtained products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that organic solvent has profound influence on transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate thin films. In the air of anhydrous ethanol, the controlled synthesis of calcium carbonate films with different morphologies, such as planar films with a few sporadic particles, symmetric rhombohedral crystals, novel crystals with symmetrical terraced convexity formation of calcite, was obtained by the fine‐tuning of induction time. It provides a new and simple method to prepare polymorphic CaCO3 crystal films from the ACC films by controlling the crystallization process (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallization of silicalite‐1 from clear synthesis solutions: Effect of template concentration on crystallization rate and crystal size
Authors: Soydaş B. , Çulfaz P. Z. , Kalıpçılar H. , Çulfaz A.
Published: June 2009

Synthesis of silicalite‐1 powders and membranes from initially clear solutions with different tetrapropylammonium hydroxide or bromide concentrations was studied. While tetrapropylammonium bromide acts only as template, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide provides both the template and hydroxyl ions to the synthesis medium. The effects of template and hydroxyl ion concentration on the product yield, crystallization rate and crystal size were investigated. Pure and highly crystalline silicalite‐1 was obtained with all compositions. The nucleation time decreases from 100 h to 20 h and the crystal size decreases from 3.5 μm to 0.35 μm as the template amount x is increased from 5 to 30 moles at a batch composition of 80SiO2.xTPAOH.1500H2O at 95 °C. Yield of silicalite‐1 passes through a maximum at intermediate TPA concentration. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In doping effect on optical properties in Zn:In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals
Authors: Dai Li , Su Yanqing , Wu Shiping , Guo Jingjie , Li Zizhi , Xu Yuheng
Published: June 2009

A series of Zn:In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were prepared by Czochralski method. The crystal composition and defect structure were analyzed by ICP‐OE/MS, UV–vis and IR spectroscopy. The results show that with increasing In3+ doping concentration in melt, the segregation coefficients of both Zn and In ions decrease. The optical damage resistance of Zn:In:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was studied by the transmitted beam pattern distortion method. It is found that the optical damage resistance of Zn:In(3mol%):Fe LiNbO3 crystals is two orders of magnitude higher than that of Zn:Fe:LiNbO3. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal and EPR investigations of thallium gallium disulphide single crystal
Authors: Acikgoz M. , Mikailzade F. A.
Published: June 2009

In this research, the results of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations of TlGaS2 single crystal are presented. Specific heat capacity (Cp) anomalies of layered TlGaS2 have been obtained by using a new DSC technique for such crystals. Remarkable heat capacity anomalies have been revealed at the temperatures of 137.7 K, 174.5 K and 238.5 K. It is found that the anomalies appear at maximum with a small deviation (by 3‐4%) from the regular values, and Cp discontinuity amounted to approximately 5%. Additionally, EPR spectra of Fe doped TlGaS2 single crystals have been recorded at various temperatures down to 6 K for different orientations of the applied magnetic field. Transformations of present EPR spectra are not sufficient for the confirmation of structural phase transitions, in contrast to the cases in iso structural TlInS2 and TlGaSe2 compounds. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of stirring speed on the crystallization of calcium carbonate
Authors: Yan Feng‐Wen , Zhang Shu‐Feng , Guo Cun‐Yue , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Chen Guo‐Chang , Yan Fang , Yuan Guo‐Qing
Published: June 2009

Control over crystal morphology of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was investigated by simply changing the stirring speeds in the process of CaCO3 formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements explore the morphology evolution of CaCO3 at varying stirring speeds. As the stirring speeds increase, rhombohedral calcite, spherical vaterite, and monoclinic crystal with coexistence of calcite phase and vaterite phase were formed, suggesting a facile control over calcium carbonate crystallization in constructing crystals with desired morphology. Moreover, almost pure vaterite spherical particles of narrow particle size distribution were formed at optimum stirring speed. Finally, also elucidated in this work is the mechanism investigation into the construction of various crystal forms via this simple route. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytologic findings of primary thyroid MALT lymphoma with extreme plasma cell differentiation: FNA cytology of two cases
Authors: Kaba Sadayuki , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Kuma Seiji , Maekawa Miyoko , Yanase Yukari , Kojima Masaru , Miyauchi Akira
Published: June 2009

We report fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) obtained from two cases of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma with extreme plasma cell differentiation. The patients were 61‐year‐old and 69‐year‐old Japanese women presenting with thyroid swelling. The smears contained numerous plasma cells, lymphocytes with plasma cell differentiation and scattered centrocyte‐like (CCL) cells. In addition, one case demonstrated occasional atypical giant plasma cells. Occasional intranuclear inclusions (Dutcher bodies) of the plasma cells were observed in the other case. A few cytologic lymphoepithelial lesions‐clusters (originating from lymphoepithelial lesions in histology) were also observed in one case. Plasma cells occupied ∼10% in all of the lymphoid populations in FNAC specimens of Hashimoto thyroiditis, whereas, both cases demonstrated ∼45% plasma cells and lymphocytes with plasma cell differentiation of all lymphocytes.

The cytomorphologic findings of both cases were similar to those of plasmacytoma of the thyroid. However, immunohistochemical and flow cytometry studies demonstrated that both cases were MALT lymphoma with extreme plasma cell differentiation. From a therapeutic perspective, it is important to discriminate MALT lymphoma from plasmacytoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of recurrent oncocytic carcinoma of parotid gland
Authors: Katz‐Selbst Megan L. , Chhieng David C.
Published: June 2009

A 65‐year‐old man presented with a right cheek mass. His past history was significant for resection of primary oncoctyic carcinoma of the right parotid gland 5 years ago. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the right cheek mass was performed and demonstrated oncocytic cells without significant cytologic atypia. On the basis of the past history and comparison of the histology of previously resected specimen, the cytologic impression was consistent with recurrent oncocytic carcinoma of the salivary gland. The cytologic differential diagnosis should include other primary salivary gland neoplasms and metastatic disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphoma, leukemia, and pleiocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid: Is accurate cytopathologic diagnosis possible based on morphology alone?
Authors: Wu Julie M. , Georgy Matthew F. , Burroughs Frances H. , Weir Edward G. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , Ali Syed Z.
Published: June 2009

The differentiation of benign versus malignant hematologic processes on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is difficult given the significant morphologic overlap and frequently scant specimen. Our study compared the diagnostic power of cytomorphologic analyses and FC analyses in the context of CSF hematologic malignancies. We identified 32 cases of CSF submitted for cytopathologic analysis with corresponding FC data, histologic, or clinical follow‐up. The slides were blinded and the study participants (one hematopathologist, two cytopathologists, and one cytotechnologist) reviewed the key slides of each case without additional information. These diagnoses were compared with the original diagnoses made in the context of clinical information and ancillary studies. The spectrum of disease ranged from acute myeloid leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, large cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Parallel diagnoses were made in 62.5% of the cases. Interestingly, the correct diagnoses were rendered in 73% of benign cases, compared with 52% of malignant cases. Of the malignant cases, there was a higher proportion of correct diagnosis based on morphology in the acute malignancies (67%) versus the chronic malignancies (47%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73, 52, 60, and 66% respectively. Features most useful for diagnosis of malignancy included cellular monotony and nuclear contour irregularity. The diagnosis of malignancy based on morphology alone is difficult in CSF. Ancillary studies such as FC analyses greatly enhance the ability to accurately distinguish between benign and malignant hematologic processes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytology of metastatic renal medullary carcinoma in pleural effusion: A study of two cases
Authors: Ellis Carla L. , Burroughs Frances , Michael Claire W. , Li Qing Kay
Published: June 2009

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm of the kidney. It almost exclusively affects children and young adults with a sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. The majority of RMC patients present with widely disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis. Herein, we report two cases of young African‐American patients with history of sickle cell trait, hematuria and renal mass, who present with malignant right pleural effusions. The cytology of pleural effusion reveals predominantly clusters and individual tumor cells. The tumor cells show high nuclear to cytoplasmic (NC) ratios and large nuclei with nuclear pleomorphism, nuclear grooves, and prominent single or multiple nucleoli. The cytoplasm is dense with a vacuolated and two‐tone appearance. Surgical specimens of renal mass and lymph node show features of RMC.

Metastatic RMC to the serous cavity is rare and may present a diagnostic dilemma since it may mimic a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or other high‐grade malignant neoplasms. RMC should be considered in the differential diagnosis in young patients with a renal mass, particularly in those with history of sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of granular cell tumor of the tongue: A technique for the aspiration of oral lesions
Authors: Fitzhugh Valerie A. , Maniar Kruti P. , Gurudutt Vivek V. , Rivera Michael , Chen Hua , Wu Maoxin
Published: June 2009

Granular cell tumor is most commonly located in the tongue. Despite this common location, there are few reports of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the tongue, likely because this is a sensitive area for most patients, and many cytopathologists do not have experience aspirating oral lesions. We report a case of FNAB of a granular cell tumor of the tongue in a 29‐year‐old man with an unusual presenting history and without symptoms. The diagnosis was made based on the cytomorphology of the direct smears and immunohistochemistry on cell block material. We will also describe cytologic features of the neoplasm, differential diagnosis, and our technique for obtaining the material, as we feel this can be repeated by experienced cytopathologists. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyaline globules in ectopic decidua in a pregnant woman with cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dharan Muralee
Published: June 2009

Decidual reaction in pelvic lymph nodes has been increasingly documented during pregnancy. This may pose diagnostic difficulty during intraoperative frozen section (FS) and cytological consultation in women undergoing surgical procedures for cervical Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A 34‐year‐woman diagnosed to have invasive SCC (stage IB1) of the cervix at 14th week of her first pregnancy underwent abdominal radical trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at 22 weeks of gestation. Cytological smears of two of the lymph nodes from intraoperative FS revealed isolated eosinophilic hyaline globules (HG) measuring 45–50 microns, in addition to large polygonal cells with amphophilic cytoplasm and hypochromatic nuclei and occasional squamous‐looking cells with atypical hyperchomatic nuclei. These findings posed a diagnostic dilemma at intraoperative consultation and no definitive diagnosis was rendered. The formlin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded histological sections of the same lymph nodes showed ectopic decidua with no evidence of metastatic SCC. Decidual cells are a cause of concern for both cytologists and histopathologists. In pregnant women complicated by cervical cancer intraoperative evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes is of utmost importance in order to adopt the optimal conservative treatment modality. In the absence of clear cut evidence of malignancy, a diagnosis of metastatic SCC should not be rendered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma: Report of a case
Authors: Rizzo Massimo , Rossi Raffaele Talamo , Bonaffini Orsola , Scisca Claudio , Sindoni Alessandro , Altavilla Giuseppe , Benvenga Salvatore
Published: June 2009

Renal cell carcinoma can recur many years after diagnosis and nephrectomy metastasizing even in uncommon sites, including thyroid gland. Thyroid metastases are extremely rare, the most frequent site of origin are renal tumors. Metastases in thyroid gland appear as painless nodules or masses, “cold” at scintiscan. We report the case of a 67‐year‐old male patient affected by clear cell renal carcinoma, diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology procedures, and treated with anticancer medical therapy, who noticed after some months a mass in the neck‐thyroid region requiring deeper medical investigations. By this way, thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology reported a lesion made of malignant epithelial cells compatible with metastases of renal carcinoma (clear cell). Clinical and pathological data, together with immunostaining, supported the diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. The diagnosis of metastatic disease, although difficult clinically and pathologically, should be suspected in patients with a clinical history of cancer, particularly in case of renal cell carcinoma, but fine‐needle aspiration cytology can provide the clue for diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in evaluation of cutaneous metastases
Authors: Sharma Sonal , Kotru Mrinalini , Yadav Amit , Chugh Manish , Chawla Anu , Makhija Mani
Published: June 2009

Skin is an uncommon site for metastasis. This study was done to evaluate the role of FNAC as an important tool for investigating cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules in patients with known malignancy or as a primary manifestation of an unknown malignancy.

All the FNAC done from January 2003 to August 2008 were reviewed (n = 55,556). Ninty‐five patients (49 males and 46 females with age range of 4–96 years) with cutaneous/subcutaneous nodules which were diagnosed as metastasis were analyzed. Primary tumors of skin/subcutis were excluded from the study.

In our study, 63 out of 95 cases had a known primary malignancy. Of these, five had underlying hematological malignancy and 58 patients had solid organ tumors. Lung carcinoma was seen to metastasize most commonly to skin in males and breast carcinoma in females. The most common site for a cutaneous/subcutaneous metastasis was chest wall [40 followed by abdominal wall (14) and scalp (9)]. Multiple site involvement was also observed (8). In 32 cases primary site was not known. They were most commonly diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma.

FNAC can diagnose a variety of tumors in the skin and support the diagnosis of a metastasis in case of a known primary and offer a clue to underlying malignancy in case of an occult primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the new automated “HALO” nipple aspiration fluid system really deliver as promised? The answer is “No, but…”: A literature review of the role of breast fluid cytology in cancer risk assessment
Authors: Elsheikh Tarik M.
Published: June 2009

The HALO breast Pap test is a new automated nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) system that was recently introduced into the market. In an extensive marketing campaign directed principally toward OB/GYN practices, including endorsements from few local news media, HALO has been promoted as the “new Pap screening test for breast.” Physicians are encouraged to perform this test on all women, as part of their annual examination, with claims that HALO will detect breast cancers as early as 10 years before mammography. These arguments are made more appealing to physician's offices by highlighting the potential positive financial impact on their practices, without consuming physician time, as medical assistants or technicians can perform this test. As a result of this directed campaign, cytology laboratories are increasingly confronted with implementing the HALO system and clinicians are increasingly soliciting pathologist's input regarding its validity. Yet, there is no data available regarding this new system, outside rare reports sponsored by the manufacturer. In this discussion, I examine the pros and cons of this new NAF system, including literature review of breast fluid cytology, and how it relates to breast cancer risk assessment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pemphigus vulgaris of the vagina—Its cytomorphologic features on liquid‐based cytology and pitfalls: Case report and cytological differential diagnosis
Authors: Onuma Kazuya , Kanbour‐Shakir Amal , Modery Judith , Kanbour Anisa
Published: June 2009

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous disease that involves skin and mucous membrane. Although the female genital tract is rarely affected, its cytomorphologic features on a conventional cervicovaginal smear have been notoriously described with a possibility of being misdiagnosed as neoplastic lesions. Its cytological mimicry for squamous cell carcinoma has been described as having serious misdiagnostic potential, particularly if appropriate clinical information is not provided. We report a case of pemphigus vulgaris involving the vagina diagnosed on a liquid‐based cervicovaginal smear Thin PrepR (TP). The smear was initially reported as squamous cell carcinoma. However, re‐evaluation of the TP smear raised the suspicion of pemphigus, which was supported subsequently by clinical information and tissue biopsy confirmation. We described the cytologic features of pemphigus vulgaris on a TP smear and compared them with those of neoplastic conditions. Pemphigus cells on a TP smear exhibit similar cytomorphologic features to those on a conventional smear. Recognizing euchromatin pattern and smooth nuclear contours which may be better appreciated on a TP can prevent overdiagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maximizing the use of Project Bioshield contracting opportunities
Authors: Pashkoff Dana B. , Clerici John M.
Published: June 2009

This article explores the often complicated relationship between agency policymakers and the contracting officers that are charged with executing agency procurements. In particular, the article explores the role of the contracting officer in maximizing the use of streamlined contracting practices under the Project BioShield Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–276). Project BioShield, which is implemented through the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is designed to encourage procurement activity that protects Americans against a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attack. To do so, the Act permits the use of special streamlined contracting authorities, many of which are often unused or ignored by the contracting officers engaged in executing and administering Project BioShield procurements. This article argues that these contracting officers are bound to conduct their duties within the confines of overall agency policy, and they cannot use their contracting discretion to circumvent that policy. As a result, DHHS contracting officers are required to use the Project BioShield streamlined contracting methods. In order to assist the agency in encouraging the use of these procedures, this article also recommends techniques that BARDA can apply in order to encourage contracting officers to take advantage of these contracting opportunities and advance agency's policy with respect to Project BioShield. Drug Dev Res 70:234–238, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conducting biodefense‐related research in a highly regulated academic environment
Authors: Chopra Ashok K. , Peterson Johnny W.
Published: June 2009

In this article, we discuss the impact of regulations pertaining to national security and quality control on scientific inquiry, especially as it relates to performing research in an academic setting. Specifically, the increasing burden of regulatory requirements on programs investigating select agents has negatively impacted the extent and quality of the research on these microbes, despite the fact that funds for these programs have become more readily available. Most of these regulations were created and are enforced to control access to a limited number of microbial agents considered to be the greatest threat to civilians and military personnel. While most scientists understand the need for some control, the extent of recent restrictions is seen by some as an almost insurmountable barrier to effective research, and perhaps as tantamount to a breach of academic freedom. Drug Dev Res 70:239–245, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward RNA interference‐based therapy for filovirus infections
Authors: Spurgers Kevin B. , Silvestri Lynn S. , Warfield Kelly L. , Bavari Sina
Published: June 2009

Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, of the family filoviridae, cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) with mortality rates of up to 90%. Infection is thought to occur through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin after contact with infected animal tissue or body fluids of infected individuals. Beyond naturally occurring outbreaks, the potential use of these viruses in acts of bioterrorism remains a public health and national security concern. EBOV and MARV are classified as category A bioterrorism agents by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To date, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for filovirus infections. Major efforts are now under way to develop anti‐viral therapeutics that use the cellular RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Small synthetic double‐stranded RNA oligonucleotides (siRNAs), or small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) enter the RNAi pathway and guide the degradation of target mRNA transcripts with homologous sequence, for experimental or therapeutic benefit. Chemical modifications improve the in vivo stability of siRNAs and various strategies are being investigated to improve delivery. Importantly, siRNAs and shRNAs have been successfully used to inhibit virus replication in vitro, and in animal models. siRNAs as therapy for a variety of ailments have now moved into clinical trials. This review provides an overview of therapeutic siRNAs and details preclinical efforts to use these molecules as therapy for filovirus infections. Drug Dev Res 70:246–254, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.