bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Supra‐ and Subphysiologic Testosterone Levels on Ligature‐Induced Bone Loss in Rats — A Radiographic and Histologic Pilot Study
Authors: Steffens Joao P. , Coimbra Leila S. , Ramalho‐Lucas Pablo D. , Rossa Carlos , Spolidorio Luis C.
Published: February 2012

Background: Testosterone is the primary male sexual hormone, and varying concentrations of the hormone mediated by physiologic, pathologic, or pharmacologic mechanisms may induce large variations in the body. Data regarding the general role of testosterone in mediating inflammation are still inconclusive. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the consequences of supra‐ and subphysiologic levels of testosterone on ligature‐induced bone loss in rats.

Methods: Three male adult Holtzman rats were used to observe the course of serum testosterone concentration following orchiectomy (Ocx) and testosterone injections. Another 60 rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) sham‐operation controls (n = 10); 2) sham‐operation and ligature‐induced bone loss (n = 10); 3) orchiectomy without ligature (Ocx; n = 10); 4) Ocx and ligature (n = 10); 5) Ocx plus 250 mg/kg body weight intramuscular testosterone esters injection without ligature (Ocx+T; n = 10); and 6) Ocx, T, and ligature (n = 10). The ligatures were placed 30 days postorchiectomy (or sham‐operation) and maintained for 15 days. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, and their hemimandibles were used for radiographic evaluation of bone loss along with histologic and histometric analyses of gingival tissue.

Results: The results indicated a significant increase in bone loss in the Ocx and Ocx+T groups in the presence and absence of inflammation, respectively. In addition, the Ocx and Ocx+T groups presented increased gingival area accompanying ligature‐induced bone loss.

Conclusions: Both sub‐ and supraphysiologic testosterone levels may influence bone metabolism, but only subphysiologic levels significantly increase ligature‐induced bone loss. Moreover, testosterone has a regulatory effect on the gingival area.
Evaluation of dietary energy intake and physical activity in dogs undergoing a controlled weight-loss program
Authors: Wakshlag Joseph J. , Struble Angela M. , Warren Barbour S. , Maley Mary , Panasevich Matthew R. , Cummings Kevin J. , Long Grace M. , Laflamme Dorothy E
Published: February 2012

Objective—To quantify physical activity and dietary energy intake in dogs enrolled in a controlled weight-loss program and assess relationships between energy intake and physical activity, sex, age, body weight, and body condition score (BCS).

Design—Prospective clinical study.

Animals—35 client-owned obese dogs (BCS > 7/9).

Procedures—Dogs were fed a therapeutic diet with energy intake restrictions to maintain weight loss of approximately 2%/wk. Collar-mounted pedometers were used to record the number of steps taken daily as a measure of activity. Body weight and BCS were assessed at the beginning of the weight-loss program and every 2 weeks thereafter throughout the study. Relationships between energy intake and sex, age, activity, BCS, and body weight at the end of the study were assessed via multivariable linear regression. Variables were compared among dogs stratified post hoc into inactive and active groups on the basis of mean number of steps taken (< or > 7,250 steps/d, respectively).

Results—Mean ± SD daily energy intake per unit of metabolic body weight (kg0.75) of active dogs was significantly greater than that of inactive dogs (53.6 ± 15.2 kcal/kg0.75 vs 42.2 ± 9.7 kcal/kg0.75, respectively) while maintaining weight-loss goals. In regression analysis, only the number of steps per day was significantly associated with energy intake.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased physical activity was associated with higher energy intake while maintaining weight-loss goals. Each 1,000-step interval was associated with a 1 kcal/kg0.75 increase in energy intake.
Implicit Recognition Based on Lateralized Perceptual Fluency
Authors: Vargas Iliana M. , Voss Joel L. , Paller Ken A.
Published: February 2012

In some circumstances, accurate recognition of repeated images in an explicit memory test is driven by implicit memory. We propose that this “implicit recognition” results from perceptual fluency that influences responding without awareness of memory retrieval. Here we examined whether recognition would vary if images appeared in the same or different visual hemifield during learning and testing. Kaleidoscope images were briefly presented left or right of fixation during divided-attention encoding. Presentation in the same visual hemifield at test produced higher recognition accuracy than presentation in the opposite visual hemifield, but only for guess responses. These correct guesses likely reflect a contribution from implicit recognition, given that when the stimulated visual hemifield was the same at study and test, recognition accuracy was higher for guess responses than for responses with any level of confidence. The dramatic difference in guessing accuracy as a function of lateralized perceptual overlap between study and test suggests that implicit recognition arises from memory storage in visual cortical networks that mediate repetition-induced fluency increments.
The Sesquiterpenes β-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide Isolated from Senecio salignus Act as Phytogrowth and Photosynthesis Inhibitors
Authors: Sánchez-Muñoz B. Arturo , Aguilar Maria Isabel , King-Díaz Beatriz , Rivero José Fausto , Lotina-Hennsen Blas
Published: February 2012

The n-hexane extract of S. salignus plants inhibited ATP synthesis and two sesquiterpenes, the b-caryophyllene (1) and caryophyllene oxide (2) were isolated from this nonpolar fraction. Compound 1 inhibited by 42% the root elongation of Physalis ixocarpa seedlings at 50 µg/mL and by 53% at 150 µg/mL, whereas at 150 µg/mL this compound only inhibited root elongation of Echinochloa crus-galli by 30%. On the other hand, compound 2 had no effect on either germination or root and stem growth of E. cruss galli and P. ixocarpa. However, 1 and 2 inhibited the dry biomass of P. ixocarpa plants grown for 18 days previous to treatment and it was found that 1 was the most active biomass inhibitor. The Chl a fluorescence transient in vivo experiment indicates that 1 (100 µg/mL) has a major effect at 72 h after treatment on leaves of P. ixocarpa plants by inhibiting photosystem II (PS II) transforming active reaction centers to “heat sinks” or the formation of silent reaction centers unable to reduce QA. b-Caryophyllene also induces chlorosis on treated leaves.
Method for Reading Sensors and Controlling Actuators Using Audio Interfaces of Mobile Devices
Authors: Aroca Rafael V. , Burlamaqui Aquiles F. , Gonçalves Luiz M. G.
Published: February 2012

This article presents a novel closed loop control architecture based on audio channels of several types of computing devices, such as mobile phones and tablet computers, but not restricted to them. The communication is based on an audio interface that relies on the exchange of audio tones, allowing sensors to be read and actuators to be controlled. As an application example, the presented technique is used to build a low cost mobile robot, but the system can also be used in a variety of mechatronics applications and sensor networks, where smartphones are the basic building blocks.
Role of Autologous Bone Graft in the Surgical Treatment of Atrophic Nonunion of Midshaft Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Huang Hui-Kuang , Chiang Chao-Ching , Su Yu-Ping , Feng Chi-Kuang , Chiu Fang-Yao , Liu Chien-Lin , Chen Tain-Hsiung
Published: February 2012

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the role of autologous bone graft in treating atrophic nonunion of midshaft clavicle fracture with a limited-contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP). Between 1995 and 2008, sixty cases of atrophic nonunion of midshaft clavicle fractures were managed with open reduction and internal fixation with an LC-DCP. The cases were separated into 2 groups to evaluate the effect of autologous bone graft in the enhancement of bone union. In group 1 (n=24), autologous bone graft was not used; in group 2 (n=36), autologous bone graft was used. Pre- and postoperative management were the same in both groups. Radiographic results and functional outcomes according to the Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score were evaluated. Average follow-up was 25.2 months (range, 24–48 months).

No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups regarding demography and preoperative functional scores (
P
>.05). Operative time and hospital stay were statistically significant longer in group 2 (
P
<.001), and donor site pain was apparent in group 2. All 60 patients had uneventful union. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding union time (average, 9.8 weeks in group 1 and 9.2 weeks in group 2) and postoperative functional scores (
P
>.05).

Limited-contact dynamic compression plate fixation is an effective method for treating atrophic nonunion of midshaft clavicle fractures. Autologous bone graft was not needed.
Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: D’Apuzzo Michele R. , Cabanela Miguel E. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: February 2012

No data on the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with fibromyalgia have been published. The purposes of this study were to review a cohort of patients with fibromyalgia undergoing TKA to determine the level of postoperative pain and satisfaction with the surgery, the incidence of postoperative surgical complications, and revision rates and their relationship to TKA design. One hundred ten patients with fibromyalgia (141 knees) who underwent primary TKA between 1990 and 2001 were studied. The average age was 64 years (range, 39–86 years), and the average follow-up was 7 years (range, 2–16 years). Forty-five knees were cruciate retaining, and 96 had a posterior stabilized design. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Knee Society Knee Score and satisfaction regarding the results of the procedure. Postoperative surgical complications and reoperations were obtained from the registry. Sixty-two patients (44%) continued with some pain after TKA. Eighty-five patients (82%) were satisfied with the results. The most common complications were arthrofibrosis and symptomatic instability. The revision rate was 6% (8 knees). Survivorship free from revision at 7 years was 89% for cruciate retaining knees and 98% for posterior stabilized knees.

Patients with fibromyalgia undergoing primary TKA have a high prevalence of complications and pain. Despite continued pain, the majority of patients were satisfied with the results and reported improvements after TKA. This data should be used to counsel patients with fibromyalgia preoperatively regarding limited goals with respect to pain relief and suggests that a multimodal individualized treatment program may be necessary to achieve optimal outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia.
Hip Arthroscopy: Intra-articular Saucerization of the Acetabular Cotyloid Fossa
Authors: Brannon James K.
Published: February 2012

Hip arthroscopy is increasingly recognized as a treatment option for patients with hip pain and labral tears. When emphasis is placed on labral tears as a primary clinical finding in the peripheral compartment, a broader view of the pathophysiology of these tears may be missed. Therefore, it is imperative to gain arthroscopic surgical access to the central compartment and determine if its contents affect the congruency of the hip joint. Abnormal bone and fibro-fatty tissue in the cotyloid fossa decrease the space available for the ligamentum teres, leading to lateral subluxation of the femoral head and rim loading of the acetabulum at the chondrolabral junction. Rim loading of the acetabulum may induce articular-sided labral tears due to hip incongruency. Although these labral tears may require refixation, the congruency of the hip joint should be restored to the best extent possible. Arthroscopic intra-articular saucerization and debridement of space-occupying lesions in the cotyloid fossa increase the space available for the ligamentum teres, improve the congruency of the hip joint, and mitigate against acetabular rim loading. This article describes a case of arthroscopic intra-articular saucerization of the cotyloid fossa in a 25-year-old man with chronic hip pain.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure After Tibial Shaft Malunion
Authors: LaFrance Russell M. , Gorczyca John T. , Maloney Michael D.
Published: February 2012

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is common, with >100,000 procedures performed each year in the United States. Several factors are associated with failure, including poor surgical technique, graft incorporation failure, overly aggressive rehabilitation, and trauma. Tibial shaft fracture is also common and frequently requires operative intervention. Failure to reestablish the anatomic alignment of the tibia may cause abnormal forces across adjacent joints, which can cause degenerative joint disease or attritional failure of the surrounding soft tissues.

This article describes a case of ACL reconstruction failure after a tibial fracture that resulted in malunion. Excessive force across the graft from lower-extremity malalignment and improper tunnel placement likely contributed to the attritional failure of the graft. This patient required a staged procedure for corrective tibial osteotomy followed by revision ACL reconstruction. This article describes ACL reconstruction failure, tibial shaft malunions, their respective treatments, the technical details of each procedure, and the technical aspects that must be considered when these procedures are done in a staged manner by 2 surgeons.
Progressive Osteolysis and Surface Chondrolysis of the Proximal Humerus Following Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Messerschmitt Patrick J. , Abdul-Karim Fadi W. , Iannotti Joseph P. , Gobezie Reuben G.
Published: February 2012

Influenza vaccination is a common annual event among individuals in the United States. Complications, although infrequent, are usually mild and self-limiting. This article describes the case of a 46-year-old man who experienced progressive osteolysis and surface chondrolysis of the proximal humerus following routine influenza vaccination.

The patient presented with shoulder pain and limited range of motion 3 weeks following vaccination in the deltoid area. No skin changes were noted, inflammatory markers were normal, and the patient’s pain and disability persisted despite nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and occupational therapy. Plain radiographs revealed a small lytic area involving the greater tuberosity of the humeral head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal uptake and cystic changes involving the greater tuberosity of the humeral head; repeat MRI at 5 months showed progression in the cystic changes. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the shoulder revealed a hyperemic joint capsule and extensive, full-thickness chondrolysis of the humeral head. Cystic biopsy demonstrated inflammatory cells and granulation tissue, consistent with foreign body response. Cultures were negative. Surgical debridement of the cystic areas and resurfacing of the humeral head yielded a good outcome.

To our knowledge, this is the first reported complication of influenza vaccination requiring surgical intervention. Physicians need to be aware of the potential for osteolysis and chondrolysis, which may require aggressive forms of management.
Locking Plate Fixation for Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Burke Neil G. , Kennedy Jim , Green Connor , Dodds Michael K. , Mullett Hannan
Published: February 2012

Locking plates are increasingly used to surgically treat proximal humerus fractures. Knowledge of the bone quality of the proximal humerus is important. Studies have shown the medial and dorsal aspects of the proximal humeral head to have the highest bone strength, and this should be exploited by fixation techniques, particularly in elderly patients with osteoporosis. The goals of surgery for proximal humeral fractures should involve minimal soft tissue dissection and achieve anatomic reduction of the head complex with sufficient stability to allow for early shoulder mobilization. This article reviews various treatment options, in particular locking plate fixation.

Locking plate fixation is associated with a high complication rate, such as avascular necrosis (7.9%), screw cutout (11.6%), and revision surgery (13.7%). These complications are frequently due to the varus deformation of the humeral head. Strategic screw placement in the humeral head would minimize the possibility of loss of fracture reduction and potential hardware complications.

Locking plate fixation is a good surgical option for the management of proximal humerus fractures. Complications can be avoided by using better bone stock and by careful screw placement in the humeral head.
Minimally Invasive Versus Conventional Dynamic Hip Screw for the Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures in Older Patients
Authors: Zhou Zhiping , Zhang Xingxiang , Tian Shoujin , Wu Yaogang
Published: February 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare minimally invasive and conventional dynamic hip screw techniques for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in older patients. Relevant randomized, controlled studies were included. The methodological quality was assessed, and data were extracted independently. Five studies (353 fractures) that compared minimally invasive and conventional dynamic hip screw techniques were included. The rates of serious postoperative complications, operative time (minutes), hemoglobin decrease (g/dL), postoperative Harris Hip Scores, and length of stay (days) were the outcomes of interest. A lower rate of serious postoperative complications was correlated with the minimally invasive dynamic hip screw group compared with the conventional dynamic hip screw group (relative risk, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16, 0.78), average operative time (weighted mean difference, −16.32; 95% CI, −28.78 to −3.86), hemoglobin decrease (weighted mean difference, −1.44; 95% CI, −1.98 to −0.89), and length of stay (weighted mean difference, −3.72; 95% CI, −5.44 to −2.01) were lower in the minimally invasive dynamic hip screw group, and the postoperative Harris Hip Score (weighted mean difference, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.23 to 2.60) was higher in the minimally invasive dynamic hip screw group.
Molecular Detection and Typing of Dengue Viruses from Archived Tissues of Fatal Cases by RT-PCR and Sequencing: Diagnostic and Epidemiologic Implications
Authors: Bhatnagar Julu , Blau Dianna M. , Shieh Wun-Ju , Paddock Christopher D. , Drew Clifton , Liu Lindy , Jones Tara , Patel Mitesh , Zaki Sherif R.
Published: February 2012

Diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection in fatal cases is challenging because of the frequent unavailability of blood or fresh tissues. For formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be used; however, it may not be as sensitive and serotyping is not possible. The application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of DENV in FFPE tissues has been very limited. We evaluated FFPE autopsy tissues of 122 patients with suspected DENV infection by flavivirus and DENV RT-PCR, sequencing, and DENV IHC. The DENV was detected in 61 (50%) cases by RT-PCR or IHC. The RT-PCR and sequencing detected DENV in 60 (49%) cases (DENV-1 in 16, DENV-2 in 27, DENV-3 in 8, and DENV-4 in 6 cases). No serotype could be identified in three cases. The IHC detected DENV antigens in 50 (40%) cases. The RT-PCR using FFPE tissue improves detection of DENV in fatal cases and provides sequence information useful for typing and epidemiologic studies.
Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008
Authors: Johansson Michael A. , Arana-Vizcarrondo Neysarí , Biggerstaff Brad J. , Gallagher Nancy , Marano Nina , Staples J. Erin
Published: February 2012

Yellow fever virus (YFV), a mosquito-borne virus endemic to tropical Africa and South America, is capable of causing large urban outbreaks of human disease. With the ease of international travel, urban outbreaks could lead to the rapid spread and subsequent transmission of YFV in distant locations. We designed a stochastic metapopulation model with spatiotemporally explicit transmissibility scenarios to simulate the global spread of YFV from a single urban outbreak by infected airline travelers. In simulations of a 2008 outbreak in Asunción, Paraguay, local outbreaks occurred in 12.8% of simulations and international spread in 2.0%. Using simple probabilistic models, we found that local incidence, travel rates, and basic transmission parameters are sufficient to assess the probability of introduction and autochthonous transmission events. These models could be used to assess the risk of YFV spread during an urban outbreak and identify locations at risk for YFV introduction and subsequent autochthonous transmission.
A Three-Component Biomarker Panel for Prediction of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Brasier Allan R. , Ju Hyunsu , Garcia Josefina , Spratt Heidi M. , Victor Sundar S. , Forshey Brett M. , Halsey Eric S. , Comach Guillermo , Sierra Gloria , Blair Patrick J. , Rocha Claudio , Morrison Amy C. , Scott Thomas W. , Bazan Isabel , Kochel Tadeusz J. , _ _
Published: February 2012

Dengue virus infections are a major cause of morbidity in tropical countries. Early detection of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) may help identify individuals that would benefit from intensive therapy. Predictive modeling was performed using 11 laboratory values of 51 individuals (38 DF and 13 DHF) obtained on initial presentation using logistic regression. We produced a robust model with an area under the curve of 0.9615 that retained IL-10 levels, platelets, and lymphocytes as the major predictive features. A classification and regression tree was developed on these features that were 86% accurate on cross-validation. The IL-10 levels and platelet counts were also identified as the most informative features associated with DHF using a Random Forest classifier. In the presence of polymerase chain reaction-proven acute dengue infections, we suggest a complete blood count and rapid measurement of IL-10 can assist in the triage of potential DHF cases for close follow-up or clinical intervention improving clinical outcome.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Newly Arrived Refugees: Is Routine Screening for Neisseria gonorrheae and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Indicated?
Authors: Stauffer William M. , Painter John , Mamo Blain , Kaiser Robyn , Weinberg Michelle , Berman Stuart
Published: February 2012

More than 340 million cases of bacterial and protozoal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) occur annually. Approximately 70,000 refugees arrive in the United States on a yearly basis. Refugees are a particularly disenfranchised and vulnerable population. The prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhea in refugee populations has not been described, and the utility of routine screening is unknown. We performed a descriptive evaluation of 25,779 refugees who completed a screening medical examination in Minnesota during 2003–2010. A total of 18,516 (72%) refugees were tested for at least one STI: 183 (1.1%) of 17,235 were seropositive for syphilis, 15 (0.6%) of 2,512 were positive for Chlamydia, 5 (0.2%) of 2,403 were positive for gonorrhea, 136 (2.0%) of 6,765 were positive for human immunodeficiency virus, and 6 (0.1%) of 5,873 were positive for multiple STIs. Overall prevalence of Chlamydia (0.6%) and gonorrhea (0.2%) infection was low, which indicated that routine screening may not be indicated. However, further research on this subject is encouraged.
Mannose-Binding Lectin and Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms and Chagas Disease in Chile
Authors: Weitzel Thomas , Zulantay Inés , Danquah Ina , Hamann Lutz , Schumann Ralf R. , Apt Werner , Mockenhaupt Frank P.
Published: February 2012

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) polymorphisms may influence susceptibility and manifestation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In northern Chile, we examined 61 asymptomatic patients with chronic Chagas disease (CD), 64 patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), and 45 healthy individuals. Low-producer MBL2*B genotypes were more common in CD patients (48%) than healthy individuals (31%; adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–5.4, P = 0.047) but did not differ with manifestation. In contrast, the heterozygous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficiency genotype D299G/T399I occurred more frequently in asymptomatic (14.8%) than CCC patients (3.1%; P = 0.02). TLR1-I602S, TLR2-R753Q, TLR6-S249P, and MAL/TIRAP-S180L did not associate with CD or CCC. These findings support the complement system to be involved in defense against Trypanosoma cruzi infection and indicate that curbed TLR4 activation might be beneficial in preventing CCC.
The stoichiometric ratio during biological removal of inorganic carbon and nutrient in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf
Authors: Huang W.-J. , Cai W.-J. , Powell R. T. , Lohrenz S. E. , Wang Y. , Jiang L.-Q. , Hopkinson C. S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The stoichiometric ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrients during biological removal have been widely assumed to follow the Redfield ratios (especially the C/N ratio) in large river plume ecosystems. However, this assumption has not been systematically examined and documented because DIC and nutrients are rarely studied simultaneously in a river plume area, a region in which they can be affected by strong river-ocean mixing as well as intense biological activity. We examined stoichiometric ratios of DIC, total alkalinity (TA), and nutrients (NO3, PO43− and Si(OH)4) data during biological removal in the Mississippi River plume and adjacent continental shelf in June 2003 and August 2004 with biological removals defined as the difference between measured values and values predicted on the basis of conservative mixing determined using a multi-endmember mixing model. Despite complex physical and biogeochemical influences, relationships between DIC and nutrients were strongly dependent on salinity range and geographic location, and influenced by biological removal. Lower C/Si and N/Si ratios in one nearshore area were attributed to a potential silicate source induced by water exchange with coastal salt marshes. When net biological uptake was separated from river-ocean mixing and the impact of marshes and bays excluded, stoichiometric ratios of C/N/Si were similar to the Redfield ratios, thus supporting the applicability of the Redfield-type C/N/Si ratios as a principle in river-plume biogeochemical models.
Antioncogenic Effects of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 in the Progression of Transitional Urothelial Cancer of Human Bladder
Authors: Santoni Giorgio , Caprodossi Sara , Farfariello Valerio , Liberati Sonia , Gismondi Angela , Amantini Consuelo
Published: February 2012

The progression of normal cells to a tumorigenic and metastatic state involves the accumulation of mutations in multiple key signaling proteins, encoded by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Recently, members of the TRP channel family have been included in the oncogenic and tumor suppressor protein family. TRPM1, TRPM8, and TRPV6 are considered to be tumor suppressors and oncogenes in localized melanoma and prostate cancer, respectively. Herein, we focus our attention on the antioncogenic properties of TRPV1. Changes in TRPV1 expression occur during the development of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of human bladder. A progressive decrease in TRPV1 expression as the TCC stage increases triggers the development of a more aggressive gene phenotype and invasiveness. Finally, downregulation of TRPV1 represents a negative prognostic factor in TCC patients. The knowledge of the mechanism controlling TRPV1 expression might improve the diagnosis and new therapeutic strategies in bladder cancer.
Looking into Task-Specific Activation Using a Prosthesis Substituting Vision with Audition
Authors: Plaza Paula , Cuevas Isabel , Grandin Cécile , De Volder Anne G. , Renier Laurent
Published: February 2012

A visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device initially developed for the blind is known to allow visual-like perception through sequential exploratory strategies. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test whether processing the location versus the orientation of simple (elementary) “visual” stimuli encoded into sounds using the device modulates the brain activity within the dorsal visual stream in the absence of sequential exploration of these stimuli. Location and orientation detection with the device induced a similar recruitment of frontoparietal brain areas in blindfolded sighted subjects as the corresponding tasks using the same stimuli in the same subjects in vision. We observed a similar preference of the right superior parietal lobule for spatial localization over orientation processing in both sensory modalities. This provides evidence that the parietal cortex activation during the use of the prosthesis is task related and further indicates the multisensory recruitment of the dorsal visual pathway in spatial processing.
Models for simulating the development of even-aged Pinus brutia stands in Middle East
Authors: De Miguel Sergio , Pukkala Timo , Shater Zuheir , Assaf Nabil , Kraid Bassel , Palahí Marc
Published: February 2012

Pinus brutia occurs in the Eastern Mediterranean region and is the most widespread conifer species in Middle East. It is important for multi-purpose forestry owing to its high ecological value and economic importance. To model the stand dynamics of P. brutia, 133 semi-permanent sample plots were placed in 10 to 166 year-old stands in Syria and Lebanon, covering the whole range of variation in site quality, stand age and stand density. Site index, distance-independent diameter increment, height and self-thinning models that included country effects were fitted to the data. The site index model was fitted using the guide curve method. The data for 10-year diameter growth model consisted of past growth measurements of all trees within the 133 plots. Diameter growth was modelled using variables representing site, size and competition. The self-thinning model was developed by estimating the maximum number of trees per hectare as a function of mean diameter and site index. These are the first cross-border models in Middle East enabling forest growth and yield predictions and stand dynamics simulations on an individual-tree basis. Such models will allow, with the aid of optimization techniques, finding the optimal forest management for P. brutia forests based on different management objectives.
Comparison of traditional 2‐dimensional endoscopic pituitary surgery with new 3‐dimensional endoscopic technology: intraoperative and early postoperative factors
Authors: Kari Elina , Oyesiku Nelson M. , Dadashev Vladimir , Wise Sarah K.
Published: February 2012

Background:

Traditionally, endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is performed using 2‐dimensional (2D) endoscopes, which lack depth of field and contribute to image distortion. Recently, a new generation of 3D endoscopes has been introduced for improved endoscopic depth perception. Little data exist comparing surgical outcomes with 2D vs 3D endoscopic systems. This study examines perioperative and postoperative factors in patients undergoing pituitary surgery using 2D vs 3D endoscopes. The objective of this work was to determine the differences in perioperative and postoperative factors in patients undergoing pituitary surgery using 2D vs 3D endoscopy.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review at a tertiary academic referral center. Statistical comparison was undertaken for perioperative (estimated blood loss, operative time) and postoperative factors (length of stay, complications, and readmission rate).

Results:

A total of 58 patients underwent endoscopic pituitary surgery during the 24‐month study period (22 functional, 36 nonfunctional lesions). The 2D endoscopic system was used for pituitary tumor resection in 32 patients (55%), and the 3D endoscopic system in 26 patients (45%). No significant difference existed between 2D and 3D endoscopic systems for operative time (p = 0.275) or estimated blood loss (p = 0.312). Additionally, no difference was found between groups for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate (p = 0.581), postoperative endocrine complications (p = 0.081), length of hospital stay (p = 0.934), or hospital readmission rate (p = 1.0).

Conclusion:

3D endoscopy affords the surgeon improved depth of field and stereoscopic vision. Our data demonstrate that 3D endoscopy does not result in significantly different perioperative or postoperative outcomes vs 2D endoscopic surgery. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Use of chitosan for removal of naphthols through tyrosinase‐catalyzed quinone oxidation
Authors: Kimura Yuji , Kashiwada Ayumi , Matsuda Kiyomi , Yamada Kazunori
Published: February 2012

In this study, the combined use of chitosan and mushroom tyrosinase was applied to remove 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol from aqueous solutions. In particular, the process parameters, such as the pH value, temperature, and enzyme dose, were discussed for tyrosinase‐catalyzed quinone oxidation of 1‐naphthol. The optimum conditions of enzymatic quinone oxidation of 1‐naphthol were determined to be pH 8.0 and 40°C. Under the optimum conditions, quinone oxidation of 1‐naphthol increased with an increase in the enzyme dose. Quinone derivatives enzymatically generated were chemisorbed on chitosan bead sand. The initial velocity of enzymatic quinone oxidation increased with an increase in the amount of added chitosan beads, since unfavorable interactions between quinone derivatives and tyrosinase in the solutions were restrained by quinone adsorption. 1‐Naphthol was completely removed for 8 h by quinone adsorption on chitosan beads (0.10 cm3/cm3) at 20 U/cm3. The removal time was shortened by increasing the enzyme dose or the amount of added chitosan beads. 2‐Naphthol was also completely removed by increasing the enzyme concentration and reaction time, since enzymatic quinone oxidation of 2‐naphthol was much slower than that of 1‐naphthol. The above results reveal that the procedure constructed in this study was an effective technique to remove naphthols. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electrochemical DNA biosensor based on IL‐modified MWNTs electrode prepared by radiation‐induced graft polymerization
Authors: Chung Da‐Jung , Whittaker Andrew K. , Choi Seong‐Ho
Published: February 2012

Electrochemical DNA (E‐DNA) biosensors were fabricated by the physical immobilization of probe DNA, 5′‐GGA GCT GCT GGC ATT ATT GAA‐3′, on ionic‐liquid‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (IL‐MWNTs) modified with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to detect Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). IL‐MWNTs were prepared by the introduction of 1‐butylimidazole bromide onto an epoxy group on poly(GMA)‐grafted MWNTs, which were synthesized by radiation‐induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto MWNTs in aqueous solution. Subsequently, IL‐MWNTs were coated onto the ITO electrode surface, and then the physical immobilization of the probe DNA performed in probe DNA solution at room temperature for 1 h. The IL‐MWNTs were characterized by elemental analysis, XPS, and TGA. The electron transfer resistance (Ret) of the E‐DNA biosensor was evaluated after hybridization of the probe DNA and target DNA using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ret increased after the hybridization of probe DNA and target DNA. The DNA used was complementary DNA: 5′‐TTC AAT AAT GCC AGC AGC TCC‐3′, single‐base mismatch DNA: 5′‐TTC AAT AAT GGC AGC AGC TCC‐3′ and three‐base mismatch DNA: 5′‐TTC ATT AAT GGC AGC ACG TCC‐3′. The dynamic detection range for the sequence‐specific DNA of target DNA was from 1.0 × 10−13 to 1.0 × 10−10 mol L−1 with a regression equation Ret (Ω) = 18.6 C + 128 and regression coefficient (γ) of 0.996. The detection limit was determined to be 3.1 × 10−14 mol L−1. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity of this impedance‐based DNA sensor was sufficient for the target DNA sequence detection. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Multilayer biopolymer membranes containing copper for antibacterial applications
Authors: de Paiva Rafael G. , de Moraes Mariana A. , de Godoi Fernanda C. , Beppu Marisa M.
Published: February 2012

Chitosan/alginate multilayer dense membranes, with micrometric thicknesses, were produced by casting the solution of each polymer alternately on a Petri dish. Copper ions were also incorporated into these membranes, which were then characterized with regard to morphology, chemical and crystallographic structures, ions diffusivity, and bacteriostatic properties. Results indicate that the casting approach for multilayers production was successful, since the membranes produced were formed by organized and alternated polymer layers. The pH dependence of the metal adsorption resulted in a higher concentration of the copper in the alginate layers, as shown by SEM‐EDS (scanning electron microscopy ‐ energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) analysis. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the Coulombic interaction between the chitosan amino groups and sodium alginate carboxyl groups. The copper ions were distributed homogeneously, without the formation of clusters, and were bound mainly to oxygen and nitrogen atoms located on the alginate and chitosan functional groups, respectively, according to extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results. The antibacterial properties of this membrane indicate that this material may hold promise for numerous applications, such as for water treatment or antibacterial functional coatings with controlled release. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Glycerol citrate polyesters produced through heating without catalysis
Authors: Tisserat Brent , O'kuru Rogers Harry , Hwang HongSik , Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Holser Ronald
Published: February 2012

The influence of various heating methods without catalysis to prepare polyesters from citric acid : glycerol blends were studied. In the presence of short‐term microwave treatments, i.e., 60 s at 1200 W, blends of glycerol and citric acid invariably formed solid amorphous polyesters. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that citric acid and glycerol blends can form highly stable polymers composed of ester bonds. The glycerol citrate polyester polymers exhibited the least degradation in water, more in acid solutions (0.1–1.0M HCl), and the most deterioration in strong alkaline solutions (0.1–1.0M NaOH) after 72 h soakings. Polyesters of glycerol and citric acid were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The polyesters were found to be thermally stable (up to 313°C). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Tissue Distribution of Anidulafungin in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Ripp Sharon L. , Aram Jalal A. , Bowman Christopher J. , Chmielewski Gary , Conte Umberto , Cross David M. , Gao Hongying , Lewis Elise M. , Lin Jian , Liu Ping , Schlamm Haran T.
Published: February 2012

Anidulafungin, an echinocandin, is currently approved for treatment of fungal infections in adults. There is a high unmet medical need for treatment of fungal infections in neonatal patients, who may be at higher risk of infections involving bone, brain, and heart tissues. This in vivo preclinical study investigated anidulafungin distribution in plasma, bone, brain, and heart tissues in neonatal rats. Postnatal day (PND) 4 and PND 8 Fischer (F344/DuCrl) rats were dosed subcutaneously once with anidulafungin (10 mg/kg) or once daily for 5 days (PND 4–8). Plasma and tissue samples were collected and anidulafungin levels were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The mean plasma Cmax and AUC0‐24 values were consistent with single‐dose plasma pharmacokinetics (dose normalized) reported previously for adult rats. Observed bone concentrations were similar to plasma concentrations regardless of dosing duration, with bone‐to‐plasma concentration ratios of approximately 1.0. Heart concentrations were higher than plasma, with heart to plasma concentration ratios of 1.3‐ to 1.8‐fold. Brain concentrations were low after single dose, with brain‐to‐plasma concentration ratio of approximately 0.23, but increased to approximately 0.71 after 5 days of dosing. Tissue concentrations were nearly identical after single‐dose administration in both PND 4 and PND 8 animals, indicating that anidulafungin does not appear to differentially distribute in this period in neonatal rats. In conclusion, anidulafungin distributes to bone, brain, and heart tissues of neonatal rats; such results are supportive of further investigation of efficacy against infections involving bone, brain, and heart tissues.
Separation of CO2/N2 by Means of a Carbon Membrane
Authors: Wall Y. , Braun G. , Kaltenborn N. , Voigt I. , Brunner G.
Published: February 2012

The permeation and separation performance of an ultramicroporous carbon membrane for separation of CO2/N2 mixtures were investigated. The experiments were conducted using the steady‐state measurement method with pure gases (dead‐end mode) and a CO2/N2 gas mixture (20/80 mol.‐%) (cross‐flow mode) in the temperature range from 293 K to 363 K and at feed pressures of up to 1.4 MPa and atmospheric pressure on the permeate side. The membrane exhibited a selectivity of about 25 and permeability of about 500 Barrer for CO2 in the mixture with N2. The single‐gas measurements do not reflect the membrane performance correctly. An adsorption‐selective effect is assumed to be the main separation mechanism. Moreover, membrane‐aging effects causing blocking due to pore constrictions through adsorption were observed. These pore constrictions lower the permeability, but they raise the selectivity. Operation at high temperatures leads to a reduction of aging effects.
Acceleration of option pricing technique on graphics processing units
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Oosterlee Cornelis W.
Published: February 2012

The acceleration of an option pricing technique based on Fourier cosine expansions on the graphics processing unit (GPU) is reported. European options, in particular with multiple strikes, and Bermudan options will be discussed. The influence of the number of terms in the Fourier cosine series expansion, the number of strikes, as well as the number of exercise dates for Bermudan options is explored. We also give details about the different ways of implementing on a GPU. Numerical examples include asset price processes on the basis of a Lévy process of infinite activity and the stochastic volatility Heston model. Furthermore, we discuss the issue of precision on the present GPU systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levels and types of alcohol biomarkers in DUI and clinic samples for estimating workplace alcohol problems
Authors: Marques Paul R
Published: February 2012

Widespread concern about illicit drugs as an aspect of workplace performance potentially diminishes attention on employee alcohol use. Alcohol is the dominant drug contributing to poor job performance; it also accounts for a third of the worldwide public health burden. Evidence from public roadways – a workplace for many – provides an example of work‐related risk exposure and performance lapses. In most developed countries, alcohol is involved in 20–35% of fatal crashes; drugs other than alcohol are less prominently involved in fatalities. Alcohol biomarkers can improve detection by extending the timeframe for estimating problematic exposure levels and thereby provide better information for managers. But what levels and which markers are right for the workplace? In this paper, an established high‐sensitivity proxy for alcohol‐driving risk proclivity is used: an average eight months of failed blood alcohol concentration (BAC) breath tests from alcohol ignition interlock devices. Higher BAC test fail rates are known to presage higher rates of future impaired‐driving convictions (driving under the influence; DUI). Drivers in alcohol interlock programmes log 5–7 daily BAC tests; in 12 months, this yields thousands of samples. Also, higher programme entry levels of alcohol biomarkers predict a higher likelihood of failed interlock BAC tests during subsequent months. This paper summarizes the potential of selected biomarkers for workplace screening. Markers include phosphatidylethanol (PEth), percent carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), gamma %CDT (γ%CDT), and ethylglucuronide (EtG) in hair. Clinical cut‐off levels and median/mean levels of these markers in abstinent people, the general population, DUI drivers, and rehabilitation clinics are summarized for context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are you Talking to us? How Subnational Governments Respond to Global Sustainable Development Governance
Authors: Happaerts Sander
Published: February 2012

Subnational governments (such as provinces, states or regions) are largely ignored in international policy documents on sustainable development, and they are not recognized in multilateral decision‐making. Nevertheless, many subnational governments have launched sustainable development policies. This article examines to what extent they take global sustainable development governance into account when doing so. The theoretical framework presents two mechanisms of international influence, building mostly upon the policy convergence literature. That framework is then applied on a comparative policy analysis of five subnational governments: North Holland (the Netherlands), North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germany), Wallonia (Belgium), Flanders (Belgium) and Quebec (Canada). The findings show that subnational governments with a distinct territorial identity react differently on international trends from other subnational governments. Flanders and Quebec, which have such an identity, follow the rules and decision‐making procedures of the international sustainable development regime, and they translate the norms and principles into their policies. The article also finds that the influence of international policies is determined by the active participation of subnational governments in multilateral decision‐making. Finally, it is argued that the legitimacy pressures exerted by international organizations on lower‐level governments to adopt certain policies have a varying impact on subnational governments dependent on their domestic context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Pompon‐Like MnF2 Nanostructures from a Single‐Source Precursor through Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Malandrino Graziella , Toro Roberta G. , Catalano Maria R. , Fragalà Maria E. , Rossi Patrizia , Paoli Paola
Published: February 2012

MnF2 nanorod assemblies in a pompon‐like fashion were synthesized by using a new complex, Mn(hfa)2·tmeda [(Hhfa = 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoro‐2,4‐pentandione, tmeda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine)]. The complex was synthesized in a single‐step reaction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies provide evidence of a mononuclear structure. The thermal analyses have shown that the complex is thermally stable and can be evaporated to leave less than 2 % residue at atmospheric pressure. On the basis of its thermal properties, it has been successfully applied to the atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (AP‐MOCVD) of MnF2 nanostructures.