bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G
1
non-uniform Catmull-Clark surfaces
Authors: Li Xin , Finnigan G. Thomas , Sederberg Thomas W.
Published: July 2016

This paper develops new refinement rules for non-uniform Catmull-Clark surfaces that produce
G
1
extraordinary points whose blending functions have a single local maximum. The method consists of designing an "eigen polyhedron" in R
2
for each extraordinary point, and formulating refinement rules for which refinement of the eigen polyhedron reduces to a scale and translation. These refinement rules, when applied to a non-uniform Catmull-Clark control mesh in R
3
, yield a
G
1
extraordinary point.
Computational network design from functional specifications
Authors: Peng Chi-Han , Yang Yong-Liang , Bao Fan , Fink Daniel , Yan Dong-Ming , Wonka Peter , Mitra Niloy J.
Published: July 2016

Connectivity and layout of underlying networks largely determine agent behavior and usage in many environments. For example, transportation networks determine the flow of traffic in a neighborhood, whereas building floorplans determine the flow of people in a workspace. Designing such networks from scratch is challenging as even local network changes can have large global effects. We investigate how to computationally create networks starting from
only
high-level functional specifications. Such specifications can be in the form of network density, travel time versus network length, traffic type, destination location, etc. We propose an integer programming-based approach that guarantees that the resultant networks are valid by fulfilling all the specified hard constraints and that they score favorably in terms of the objective function. We evaluate our algorithm in two different design settings, street layout and floorplans to demonstrate that diverse networks can emerge purely from high-level functional specifications.
Realtime 3D eye gaze animation using a single RGB camera
Authors: Wang Congyi , Shi Fuhao , Xia Shihong , Chai Jinxiang
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the first realtime 3D eye gaze capture method that simultaneously captures the coordinated movement of 3D eye gaze, head poses and facial expression deformation using a single RGB camera. Our key idea is to complement a realtime 3D facial performance capture system with an efficient 3D eye gaze tracker. We start the process by automatically detecting important 2D facial features for each frame. The detected facial features are then used to reconstruct 3D head poses and large-scale facial deformation using multi-linear expression deformation models. Next, we introduce a novel user-independent classification method for extracting iris and pupil pixels in each frame. We formulate the 3D eye gaze tracker in the Maximum A Posterior (MAP) framework, which sequentially infers the most probable state of 3D eye gaze at each frame. The eye gaze tracker could fail when eye blinking occurs. We further introduce an efficient eye close detector to improve the robustness and accuracy of the eye gaze tracker. We have tested our system on both live video streams and the Internet videos, demonstrating its accuracy and robustness under a variety of uncontrolled lighting conditions and overcoming significant differences of races, genders, shapes, poses and expressions across individuals.
The sketchy database
Authors: Sangkloy Patsorn , Burnell Nathan , Ham Cusuh , Hays James
Published: July 2016

We present the
Sketchy database
, the first large-scale collection of sketch-photo pairs. We ask crowd workers to sketch particular photographic objects sampled from 125 categories and acquire 75,471 sketches of 12,500 objects. The Sketchy database gives us fine-grained associations between particular photos and sketches, and we use this to train cross-domain convolutional networks which embed sketches and photographs in a common feature space. We use our database as a benchmark for fine-grained retrieval and show that our learned representation significantly outperforms both hand-crafted features as well as deep features trained for sketch or photo classification. Beyond image retrieval, we believe the Sketchy database opens up new opportunities for sketch and image understanding and synthesis.
Additive light field displays
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Jang Changwon , Moon Seokil , Cho Jaebum , Lee Byoungho
Published: July 2016

We propose a see-through additive light field display as a novel type of compressive light field display. We utilize holographic optical elements (HOEs) as transparent additive layers. The HOE layers are almost free from diffraction unlike spatial light modulator layers, which makes this additive light field display more advantageous when modifying the number of layers, thickness, and pixel density compared with conventional compressive displays. Meanwhile, the additive light field display maintains advantages of compressive light field displays. The proposed additive light field display shows bright and full-color volumetric images in high definition. In addition, users can view real-world scenes beyond the displays. Hence, we expect that our method can contribute to the realization of augmented reality. Here, we describe implementation of a prototype additive light field display with two additive layers, evaluate the performance of transparent HOE layers, describe several results of display experiments, discuss the diffraction effect of spatial light modulators, and analyze the ability of the additive light field display to express uncorrelated light fields.
Computational design of stable planar-rod structures
Authors: Miguel Eder , Lepoutre Mathias , Bickel Bernd
Published: July 2016

We present a computational method for designing wire sculptures consisting of interlocking wires. Our method allows the computation of aesthetically pleasing structures that are structurally stable, efficiently fabricatable with a 2D wire bending machine, and assemblable without the need of additional connectors. Starting from a set of planar contours provided by the user, our method automatically tests for the feasibility of a design, determines a discrete ordering of wires at intersection points, and optimizes for the rest shape of the individual wires to maximize structural stability under frictional contact. In addition to their application to art, wire sculptures present an extremely efficient and fast alternative for low-fidelity rapid prototyping because manufacturing time and required material linearly scales with the physical size of objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a varied set of examples, all of which we fabricated.
Secret Image Sharing Scheme with Threshold Changeable Capability
Authors: Yuan Lifeng , Li Mingchu , Guo Cheng , Hu Weitong , Luo Xinjian
Published: July 2016

In secret image sharing schemes, the threshold may have to be adjusted in case of changes in the security policy and the adversary structure before recovering the secret image. For example, if participants leave the group, their stego images are useless to them and may not be kept safely. As a result, these images can be easily stolen and utilized by intruders, which reduces the security of the scheme. To solve this problem, we propose a novel threshold changeable secret image sharing scheme withNpotential changeable thresholdst1,t2,…,tN. By preparing advance shares for thresholdst1,t2,…,tNand using the two-variable one-way function to generate the identification value, we can change the threshold when necessary. The experiments show that the quality of the stego images in our scheme is satisfactory and the secret image can be recovered without distortion. Moreover, the security analysis shows that we can change the threshold safely.
Formulations, Features of Solution Space, and Algorithms for Line-PureSeruSystem Conversion
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Qianqian , Huo Chunhui , Yu Yang , Ma Ke
Published: July 2016

The line-seruconversion is usually used to improve productivity, especially in volatile business environment. Due to the simplicity, most researches focused on line-pureserusystem conversion. We summarize the two existing models (i.e., a biobjective model and a single-objective model) of line-pure system conversion and formulate the three other usually used single-objective models in an integrated framework by combining evaluated performances and constraints. Subsequently, we analyze the solution space features of line-pureserusystem conversion by dividing the whole solution space into several subspaces according to the number ofserus. We focus on investigating the features betweenCmax(and TLH) and subspaces. Thirdly, according to the distinct features betweenCmax(and TLH) and subspaces, we propose four effective algorithms to solve the four single-objective models, respectively. Finally, we evaluate the computational performance of the developed algorithms by comparing with enumeration based on extensive experiments.
Influence of Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature on the Genesis of Gulf Stream Cyclones
Authors: Schemm Sebastian , Ciasto Laura M. , Li Camille , Kvamstø Nils Gunnar
Published: July 2016

This study investigates the relationship between tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability and cyclogenesis over the Gulf Stream region of the North Atlantic. A cyclone identification scheme and Lagrangian trajectories are used to compare preferred cyclogenesis locations and precyclogenesis flow paths associated with three patterns of tropical Pacific SST variability: eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño, central Pacific (CP) El Niño, and La Niña. During EP El Niño and La Niña winters, the upper-level precyclogenesis flow takes a subtropical path over North America and Gulf Stream cyclogenesis predominantly occurs under the North Atlantic jet entrance, which is the climatologically preferred location. In contrast, during CP El Niño winters, when the warmest SST anomalies occur in the central tropical Pacific, the precyclogenesis flow takes a northern path across North America and Gulf Stream cyclogenesis tends to occur farther north under the jet exit. The shift in preferred cyclogenesis is consistent with changes in transient upstream flow perturbations, detected using potential vorticity (PV) streamer frequencies, which are associated with the stationary wave response. Compared to EP El Niño winters, CP El Niño winters exhibit fewer southward-extending streamers and cyclonic (LC2) flow behavior, resulting in precyclogenesis air bypassing the right entrance of the North Atlantic jet. Downstream, Gulf Stream cyclones penetrate deeper into high Arctic latitudes during CP El Niño winters than in other cases. The results highlight distinct signatures of tropical SST anomalies on synoptic-scale atmospheric features and could help constrain future changes in the North Atlantic storm track and the associated poleward heat transport.
Trajectories of Developmental Functioning Among Children of Adolescent Mothers: Factors Associated With Risk for Delay
Authors: Jahromi Laudan B. , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Zeiders Katharine H.
Published: July 2016

Children of adolescent mothers are at risk for developmental delays. Less is known about the heterogeneity in these children's developmental trajectories, and factors associated with different patterns of development. This longitudinal study used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify distinct trajectories in children of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (N = 204). Three distinct groups emerged: (a) a Delayed/Decreasing Functioning group, (b) an At-Risk/Recovering Functioning group, and (c) a Normative/Stable Functioning group. Children with Delayed/Decreasing Functioning were more likely than those with Normative/Stable Functioning to have families with lower income, fewer learning materials at home, and adolescent mothers with more depressive symptoms and greater coparental conflict with adolescents' mother figures. The results contribute to knowledge about factors associated with risk of delay.
Strain-Induced Modulations in the Surface Morphology of Heteroepitaxial Layers
Authors: Cullis A.G.
Published: July 2016

The growth of semiconductor heteroepitaxial layers is assuming ever greater importance due to the demands of modern electronic-device fabrication. Furthermore although low-strain heterosystems such as AlGaAs/GaAs remain the basis of many device structures, there is an increasing trend also to use more highly strained combinations such as InGaAs/GaAs and SiGe/Si. However the growth of the latter epitaxial systems must be approached with great care in order to achieve the optimum layer structural quality. Of course for any given alloy-layer composition, interfacial misfit defects in general will be introduced when the layer thickness exceeds a critical value, as originally described by Frank and van der Merwe, and Jesser and Matthews. (See the article by F.K. LeGoues in this issue for more general considerations of misfit-defect introduction.) In addition the morphology of such strained layers must be given very careful attention. It is the purpose of this article to examine our current understanding in this latter area.

When any epitaxial layer is grown, initially it might be expected that a flat surface would result under ideal growth conditions when internal defects have been eliminated. This would be expected to minimize the surface step density and hence the surface energy. However nature has a way of confounding our simplest expectations and while for homoepitaxial layers in the absence of kinetic effects this expectation virtually can be realized, the presence of strain in a heteroepitaxial system can severely affect the observed layer morphology.
Gerenciamento de projetos voltado para acreditação hospitalar: estudo de caso
Authors: Freire Elana Maria Ramos , Batista Renata Cristina Rocha , Martinez Maria Regina
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  descrever  a  implementação  dos  processos  de  Gestão  de Projetos  baseado  nas  premissas  do  Project  Management  Body  of  Knowledge  (PMBOK) em um projeto de adequação de uma Central de Materiais e Esterilização aos requisitos de  qualidade  para  acreditação.  Método:  estudo  de  caso  descritivo.  Os  dados  foram coletados  por  meio  de  observação  participante,  análise  de  documentos  e  questionário estruturado.  Resultados:  as  atividades  do  projeto  foram  desenvolvidas  e  gerenciadas baseadas em oito áreas de conhecimento do PMBOK - gerenciamento da integração, do escopo, do tempo, da qualidade, de recursos humanos, das comunicações, dos riscos e partes interessadas. Conclusão: o gerenciamento de projetos possibilitou a execução do projeto no tempo e escopo previstos, atendendo aos requisitos de qualidade, permitindo maior envolvimento e comprometimento da equipe.
Percepção das enfermeiras obstétricas acerca de sua identidade profissional: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Nicácio Marina Caldas , Heringer Andressa Lohan dos Santos , Schroeter Mariana Santana , Pereira Adriana Lenho de Figueiredo
Published: July 2016

Objetivos: descrever as similaridades e as diferenças da prática profissional da enfermeira obstétrica na casa de parto e no hospital e identificar se as especificidades desta prática influenciam na percepção de sua identidade profissional. Método: pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, realizada em uma casa de parto e uma maternidade do município do Rio de Janeiro e com enfermeiras obstétricas. As entrevistas foram analisadas pela técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: foram estabelecidas duas categorias: Similaridades e diferenças da prática profissional e Percepções da identidade profissional: atos de pertencimento e atos de atribuição. Discussão: a socialização profissional foi determinada pelas vivências no âmbito circunscrito da Enfermagem. As percepções da identidade profissional não se modificam em virtude do local de atuação ser o hospital ou a casa de parto. Conclusão: as características diferenciadas entre estas intuições não influenciam na percepção da identidade profissional das enfermeiras obstétricas.
Caracterização da sedação e analgesia em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: estudo observacional
Authors: Dos Santos Karina Dantas , Martins Ivo Da Costa , Gonçalves Fernanda Alves Ferreira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  avaliar  o  processo  de  sedação  e  analgesia  em  pacientes sob  ventilação  mecânica  invasiva  (VMI).  Método:  estudo  transversal,  observacional, realizado de setembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 na UTI de uma instituição de ensino de Goiânia/GO. A amostra foi constituída de 30 pacientes maiores de 18 anos, intubados e  sedados  há  mais  de  24  horas  (protocolo  no.  763.827/2014).  Resultados:  foram utilizadasanalgesia e sedação contínua e intermitente, sendo o fentanil e o dormonid as drogas   mais  usadas.  Discussão:  o  tratamento  padrão  entre   pacientes  críticos   e submetidos à VMI foi a sedação contínua, administrada devido à ansiedade, para facilitar cuidado  da  equipe  de  enfermagem.  A  principal  indicação  para  sedação  foi  a manutenção de VMI. Conclusão: falta padronização das condutas no manejo da sedação. Recomenda-se a elaboração de protocolos com atuação da equipe multiprofissional.
Avaliação de famílias com mais de uma mulher mastectomizada: estudo de caso
Authors: De Oliveira Patrícia Peres , Gesteira Elaine Cristina Rodrigues , Silveira Edilene Aparecida Araújo da , Amaral Lorena , Moreira Maysa Mayran Chaves , Rodrigues Andrea Bezerra
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  avaliar  a  estrutura,  o  desenvolvimento  e  a funcionalidade de   famílias   com   mais   de   uma   mulher   com   neoplasia   maligna   da   mama   e mastectomizada. Método: estudo qualitativo com base teórica nas categorias estrutural, desenvolvimental  e  funcional,  propostas  pelo  modelo  Calgary  e  com  estudo  de  caso como estratégia metodológica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de visitas domiciliares junto  a  10  famílias  com  mulheres  mastectomizadas,  no  período  de  agosto  de  2014  a fevereiro de 2015. Resultados: subsistemas conflituosos estiveram presentes apenas em duas famílias e todas apresentaram em sua rede de apoio elementos oriundos de outros sistemas  que  não  o  familiar,  como  vizinhos  e  instituições  de  saúde.  No  processo  de assistência,   o   vínculo   estabelecido,   o   apoio   e   o   acompanhamento   frequentes contribuíram para amenizar algumas dificuldades. Conclusão: acredita-se que o modelo Calgary possibilitou uma visão ampliada da família, compreensão das relações internas e externas, e busca de equilíbrio entre as fragilidades e fortalezas
Necessidades humanas básicas alteradas em pacientes pós-transplante renal: estudo transversal
Authors: Souza Thamires Lessa de , Trindade Thaisy Raquel Oliveira , Mendonça Ana Elza Oliveira de , Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: identificar as necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos pacientes que realizaram transplante renal, à luz da Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas.  Método:  estudo  transversal  de  abordagem  quantitativa,  realizado  com  68 pacientes em pós-operatório de transplante renal em um hospital do Nordeste brasileiro entre os meses de outubro de 2013 e março de 2014. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um roteiro de anamnese e exame físico. Os resultados foram analisados por meio  da  Teoria  de  Horta.  Resultados:  foram  identificadas  13 necessidades  alteradas, sendo  as  mais  frequentas:  eliminação,  oxigenação,  hidratação,  integridade  cutâneo-mucosa, sono/repouso, nutrição e lazer. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar que as necessidades humanas básicas alteradas nos pacientes que realizaram transplante renal, estavam divididas em Psicobiológicas e Psicossociais, sendo relevantes para subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de cuidados mais específico para essa clientela.
Food Security In an Age of Falling Commodity and Food Prices: The Case of Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Azoulay Gérard
Published: July 2016

Within a context characterized by a simultaneous occurrence of a global equilibrium of the world food balance and the persistence of a high percentage of the world's population that does not adequately meet its nutritional needs, this article intends to concentrate on the impacts of falling food prices on food security focusing on Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). SSA is not the region that accounts for the most important number of people suffering from hunger, but is a region that experiences the highest prevalence of hunger.

The article considers the driving forces of the rising/falling prices of food and commodities. It analyzes the impact of falling food prices on the food security situation in SSA, and discusses the main constraints of food policies and strategies in SSA.
Estrutura de governança e a formação de holdings no setor elétrico brasileiro
Authors: Leite André Luís da Silva , Castro Nivalde J. de
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que devido à estrutura de governança do setor elétrico brasileiro (maior parte hierarquia que mercado) e dadas às características próprias do setor, tais como especificidade dos ativos, incerteza e freqüência das transações, os custos de transação tendem a ser significativos. Logo, em ambientes caracterizados dessa forma, as firmas tendem a realizar transações verticalizadas. Conclui-se que, no caso do setor elétrico brasileiro, no qual a verticalização é proibida, as empresas tendem a se estruturar sob a forma de holdings, visando minimizar os custos de transação e maximizar os ganhos das sinergias das operações ao longo da cadeia de produção.
O impacto do suporte oferecido pelos franqueadores no desempenho dos franqueados: um estudo sobre o segmento de educação do Brasil
Authors: Guedes Daniel Saldanha , Trigo Virgínia
Published: July 2016

Qual é o impacto do suporte oferecido pelos franqueadores no desempenho dos franqueados?E como se comporta ao longo do período de vida do contrato? Para responder estas questões realizou-se um estudo quantitativo exploratório que possibilitou a identificação da relação entre suporte e desempenho das franquias do segmento de educação no Brasil e seu comportamento em franquias com diferentes tempos de operação. Os resultados demonstram: (1) que existe uma forte correlação entre a percepção da qualidade do suporte e a percepção de desempenho, ou seja, na opinião dos respondentes quanto melhor for o suporte oferecido pelos franqueadores, melhor tenderá a ser o desempenho de suas franquias; (2) que franqueados com mais tempo de operação (acima de 5 anos) tendem a apresentar uma percepção de melhor suporte comparativamente aos franqueados de menor tempo de operação; e (3) que dentre todas as variáveis de suporte, a confiança inspirada pelo franqueador é a característica que mais impacta nos resultados e no conseqüente desempenho dos franqueados. As conclusões obtidas poderão auxiliar empresas franqueadoras no desenho de suas estratégias e no direcionamento de suas ações de suporte ao franqueado, bem como nos investimentos que esta área exige. Poderão ainda servir de plataforma a futuros estudos no mundo acadêmico.
Uma análise das políticas do comércio exterior brasileiro nos últimos quinze anos
Authors: Rodrigues Waldemar , Benedicto Gideon Carvalho de
Published: July 2016

O comércio exterior brasileiro nesses últimos quinze anos nos mostra que as exportações brasileiras vêm crescendo cada vez mais e nossos produtos estão ficando mais competitivos no mercado mundial. Isso tudo quando se fala de commodities, porque no caso de produtos manufaturados o Brasil tem exportado novos produtos num ritmo bem acanhado, e mesmo assim vem conquistando novas oportunidades de mercados em outros países, até porque basicamente o mundo todo está se tornando comprador. a balança comercial desde 1998 vem tendo um bom desempenho, com altos superávits, isso se deve ao excelente crescimento de nossas exportações e a substituição de alguns produtos que importávamos. Durante esses últimos quinze anos o governo brasileiro e os empresários têm fortalecido a marca Brasil no mercado internacional, proporcionando ao país um melhor desempenho e crescimento econômico.
Utilização da análise fatorial na determinação de fatores importantes para a criação de sites de comércio eletrônico
Authors: Scandiuzzi Fernado , Oliveira Marcio Mattos Borges , Ferraresi de Araujo Geraldo Jose
Published: July 2016

Este artigo trata do tema do comércio eletrônico no Brasil. O objetivo principal foi reduzir o conjunto de atributos considerados pelos consumidores usuários de comércio eletrônico como sendo importantes para os sites, segundo a teoria estudada (pesquisas já realizadas), em um número menor de fatores. Por meio da Análise Fatorial, 11 atributos foram reduzidos em um conjunto de 3 fatores: (1) Disponibilidade de informações e Lay-out, (2) Navegação e Disponibilidade e (3) Preço e Pagamento. Assim, ao se criar um site, deve-se dar uma atenção especial a esses elementos, pois eles podem representar o sucesso da loja virtual.
Congruência (e incongruência) entre valores percebidos e nível gerencial: o caso de uma cooperativa de trabalho médico
Authors: Barcellos Rebeca Ribeiro de , Alperstedt Graziela Dias
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é o de apresentar os dados de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar a congruência dos valores organizacionais de uma cooperativa de trabalho médico entre os seus níveis gerenciais tendo em vista as transformações por que passou a organização nos últimos anos. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi essencialmente qualitativa. A idéia principal do trabalho centrou-se nas percepções dos colaboradores de diferentes níveis gerenciais acerca dos valores organizacionais. A principal fonte de dados foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas coletadas no período de maio a julho de 2008. A população da pesquisa consistiu em dezenove pessoas que ocupavam cargos em níveis gerenciais no momento do desenvolvimento do trabalho. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas. Foram identificados na pesquisa três valores percebidos pelos indivíduos: importância dos clientes, importância dos cooperados e importância dos colaboradores, os quais foram desmembrados em subcategorias de valor. A pesquisa encontrou uniformidade na percepção das subcategorias de valores organizacionais vinculados à importância dos clientes e à importância dos cooperados. Entretanto, foram observadas incongruências no que tange à importância dos colaboradores. Muitos dos valores encontrados refletem as transformações em função da empresarização da organização.
Pharmacovigilance as an imperative of modern medicine - experience from Montenegro
Authors: Mugosa Snezana , Stankovic Maja , Turkovic Nemanja , Sahman-Zaimovic Majda , Besovic Zeljka , Drljevic Milorad
Published: July 2016

nema
Laundry Performance: Effect of Detergent and Additives on Consumer Satisfaction
Authors: Ferri Ada , Osset Miquel , Abeliotis Konstadinos , Amberg Caroline , Candan Cevza , Owens Jeremy , Stamminger Rainer
Published: July 2016

To identify key features in the perception of consumer satisfaction of washing performance, a survey among detergent users from five European countries was run. Respondents from each country were volunteers recruited through the Internet without previous selection criteria. The size of the sample (over 4,000 participants) and the wide geographical distribution of the respondents delivered a large set of data. According to the collected answers, respondents show a significant degree of satisfaction with the detergents they use, regardless of type and country. They were only dissatisfied by tough stains and exceptional problems with their wash loads. Detergent additives are widely used but the use and type of laundry additive showed significant differences from country to country. Respondents understood the usefulness of stain removers and showed a high degree of satisfaction using them. Damages to textiles, when it occurs, are not usually associated with the quality of the detergent used but with other factors in the washing process.
Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit während des Bezugs von Elterngeld
Authors: Schreyer Jessica
Published: July 2016

Based on data collected in the “ifb-Berufsrückkehrstudie”, I examine what characteristics mothers have that take on part-time work while still receiving parental leave benefits as well as their reasons for doing so. Hypotheses for explaining this behavior refer to the avoidance of negative consequences for mothers’ careers and their aspirations for reconciling work and family. An early return to work is significantly more often interconnected with the reappointment to the previous workplace which, in turn, is meaningful for the avoidance of negative consequences for their careers. Moreover, self-employed women significantly more often resume part-time work after child birth during the period of the provision of parental leave benefits. On one hand, in comparison to employed women, self-employed women’s employment is less secure and thus requires an early return to work. On the other hand, the former’s flexible work schedule and the often reduced work hours allow them to reconcile work and family tasks. The data hint to evidence for the opportunity cost hypothesis, for the importance of professional constraints and also for the familywork reconciliation hypothesis. In sum, the reasons of part-time employment while receiving parental leave benefits are multifaceted.

Zusammenfassung

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf Basis der Daten der ifb-Berufsrückkehrstudie untersucht, welche Mütter noch während des Bezugs von Elterngeld eine Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit aufnehmen und was ihre Gründe hierfür sind. Hypothesen hierzu beziehen sich auf die Vermeidung negativer Konsequenzen für die berufliche Entwicklung und thematisieren das Streben nach Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie. Ein früher Wiedereinstieg ist signifikant häufiger mit der Rückkehr auf den alten Arbeitsplatz beim vorherigen Arbeitgeber verbunden und ist vor allem hinsichtlich der Vermeidung beruflicher Nachteile durch eine Erwerbsunterbrechung von Bedeutung. Außerdem arbeiten Selbstständige nach der Geburt ihres Kindes signifikant häufiger im Rahmen einer Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit noch während des Elterngeldbezugs. Zum einen erfordert der im Vergleich zu Beschäftigten weniger abgesicherte Erwerbsstatus eine schnelle Wiederaufnahme der Erwerbstätigkeit. Zum anderen ermöglichen flexiblere Arbeitszeiten, häufig in reduziertem Umfang, die Vereinbarkeit beruflicher und familialer Anforderungen. In den Daten lassen sich Hinweise für die Opportunitätskostenhypothese, die Bedeutung beruflicher Zwänge sowie für die Hypothese zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie finden. Die Gründe für eine Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit während des Bezugs von Elterngeld sind demnach vielschichtig.
A Gentle Introduction to Applications of Algorithmic Metatheorems for Space and Circuit Classes
Authors: Tantau Till
Published: July 2016

Algorithmic metatheorems state that if a problem can be described in a certain logic and the inputs are structured in a certain way, then the problem can be solved with a certain amount of resources. As an example, by Courcelle’s Theorem, all monadic second-order (“in a certain logic”) properties of graphs of bounded tree width (“structured in a certain way”) can be solved in linear time (“with a certain amount of resources”). Such theorems have become valuable tools in algorithmics: if a problem happens to have the right structure and can be described in the right logic, they immediately yield a (typically tight) upper bound on the time complexity of the problem. Perhaps even more importantly, several complex algorithms rely on algorithmic metatheorems internally to solve subproblems, which considerably broadens the range of applications of these theorems. This paper is intended as a gentle introduction to the ideas behind algorithmic metatheorems, especially behind some recent results concerning space and circuit classes, and tries to give a flavor of the range of their applications.
Atomic Structure Calculations and Study of Plasma Parameters of Al-Like Ions
Authors: Goyal Arun , Khatri Indu , Singh Avnindra , Mohan Man , Sharma Rinku , Singh Narendra
Published: July 2016

In the present paper, the spectroscopic properties and plasma characteristics of Al-like ions are investigated in an extensive and detailed manner by adopting the GRASP2K package based on fully relativistic Multi-Configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) wave-functions in the active space approximation. We have presented energy levels for Al-like ions for Valence-Valence (VV) and Core-Valence (CV) correlations under the scheme of active space. We have also provided radiative data for E1 transitions for Al-like ions and studied the variation of the transition wavelength and transition probability for electric dipole (E1) Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) transitions with nuclear charge. Our calculated energy levels and transition wavelengths match well with available theoretical and experimental results. The discrepancies of the GRASP2K code results with CIV3 and RMPBT (Relativistic Many Body Perturbation Theory) results are also discussed. The variations of the line intensity ratio, electron density, plasma frequency and plasma skin depth with plasma temperature and nuclear charge are discussed graphically in detail for optically thin plasma in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE). We believe that our obtained results may be beneficial for comparisons and in fusion and astrophysical plasma research.
Strong Authentication Scheme Based on Hand Geometry and Smart Card Factors
Authors: Yassin Ali , Yao Jian , Han Shiyao
Published: July 2016

In 2009, Xu et al. presented a safe, dynamic, id-based on remote user authentication method that has several advantages such as freely chosen passwords and mutual authentication. In this paper, we review the Xu–Zhu–Feng scheme and indicate many shortcomings in their scheme. Impersonation attacks and insider attacks could be effective. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a secure biometric-based remote authentication scheme using biometric characteristics of hand-geometry, which is aimed at withstanding well-known attacks and achieving good performance. Furthermore, our work contains many crucial merits such as mutual authentication, user anonymity, freely chosen passwords, secure password changes, session key agreements, revocation by using personal biometrics, and does not need extra device or software for hand geometry in the login phase. Additionally, our scheme is highly efficient and withstands existing known attacks like password guessing, server impersonation, insider attacks, denial of service (DOS) attacks, replay attacks, and parallel-session attacks. Compared with the other related schemes, our work is powerful both in communications and computation costs.
Geometrical Inverse Preconditioning for Symmetric Positive Definite Matrices
Authors: Chehab Jean-Paul , Raydan Marcos
Published: July 2016

We focus on inverse preconditioners based on minimizing F ( X ) = 1 − cos ( X A , I ) , where X A is the preconditioned matrix and A is symmetric and positive definite. We present and analyze gradient-type methods to minimize F ( X ) on a suitable compact set. For this, we use the geometrical properties of the non-polyhedral cone of symmetric and positive definite matrices, and also the special properties of F ( X ) on the feasible set. Preliminary and encouraging numerical results are also presented in which dense and sparse approximations are included.
First-Principles Study on the Structural Stability and Segregation Behavior of γ-Fe/Cr2N Interface with Alloying Additives M (M = Mn, V, Ti, Mo, and Ni)
Authors: Huang Hui , Zhang Caili , Liu Jie , Li Yue , Fang Xudong , Li Jianchun , Han Peide
Published: July 2016

This study investigated the structural stability and electrochemical properties of alloying additives M (M = Mn, V, Ti, Mo, or Ni) at the γ-Fe(111)/Cr2N(0001) interface by the first-principles method. Results indicated that V and Ti were easily segregated at the γ-Fe(111)/Cr2N(0001) interface and enhanced interfacial adhesive strength. By contrast, Ni and Mo were difficult to segregate at the γ-Fe(111)/Cr2N(0001) interface. Moreover, the results of the work function demonstrated that alloying additives Mn reduced local electrochemical corrosion behavior of the γ-Fe(111)/Cr2N(0001) interface by cutting down Volta potential difference (VPD) between clean γ-Fe(111) and Cr2N(0001), while alloying additives V, Ti, Mo, and Ni at the γ-Fe(111)/Cr2N(0001) interface magnified VPD between clean γ-Fe(111) and Cr2N(0001), which were low-potential sites that usually serve as local attack initiation points.
THE MURCHISON WIDEFIELD ARRAY 21 cm POWER SPECTRUM ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
Authors: Jacobs Daniel C. , Hazelton B. J. , Trott C. M. , Dillon Joshua S. , Pindor B. , Sullivan I. S. , Pober J. C. , Barry N. , Beardsley A. P. , Bernardi G. , Bowman Judd D. , Briggs F. , Cappallo R. J. , Carroll P. , Corey B. E. , Oliveira-Costa A. de , Emrich D. , Ewall-Wice A. , Feng L. , Gaensler B. M. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hewitt J. N. , Hurley-Walker N. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasper J. C. , Kim HS , Kratzenberg E. , Lenc E. , Line J. , Loeb A. , Lonsdale C. J. , Lynch M. J. , McKinley B. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Neben A. R. , Thyagarajan N. , Oberoi D. , Offringa A. R. , Ord S. M. , Paul S. , Prabu T. , Procopio P. , Riding J. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Shankar N. Udaya , Sethi Shiv K. , Srivani K. S. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tegmark M. , Tingay S. J. , Waterson M. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. , Wu C. , Wyithe J. S. B.
Published: July 2016

We present the 21 cm power spectrum analysis approach of the Murchison Widefield Array Epoch of Reionization project. In this paper, we compare the outputs of multiple pipelines for the purpose of validating statistical limits cosmological hydrogen at redshifts between 6 and 12. Multiple independent data calibration and reduction pipelines are used to make power spectrum limits on a fiducial night of data. Comparing the outputs of imaging and power spectrum stages highlights differences in calibration, foreground subtraction, and power spectrum calculation. The power spectra found using these different methods span a space defined by the various tradeoffs between speed, accuracy, and systematic control. Lessons learned from comparing the pipelines range from the algorithmic to the prosaically mundane; all demonstrate the many pitfalls of neglecting reproducibility. We briefly discuss the way these different methods attempt to handle the question of evaluating a significant detection in the presence of foregrounds.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION ON GRAVITATIONAL WAVES FROM NEUTRON-STAR BINARIES WITH SPINNING COMPONENTS
Authors: Farr Ben , Berry Christopher P. L. , Farr Will M. , Haster Carl-Johan , Middleton Hannah , Cannon Kipp , Graff Philip B. , Hanna Chad , Mandel Ilya , Pankow Chris , Price Larry R. , Sidery Trevor , Singer Leo P. , Urban Alex L. , Vecchio Alberto , Veitch John , Vitale Salvatore
Published: July 2016

Inspiraling binary neutron stars (BNSs) are expected to be one of the most significant sources of gravitational-wave signals for the new generation of advanced ground-based detectors. We investigate how well we could hope to measure properties of these binaries using the Advanced LIGO detectors, which began operation in September 2015. We study an astrophysically motivated population of sources (binary components with masses

and spins of less than 0.05) using the full LIGO analysis pipeline. While this simulated population covers the observed range of potential BNS sources, we do not exclude the possibility of sources with parameters outside these ranges; given the existing uncertainty in distributions of mass and spin, it is critical that analyses account for the full range of possible mass and spin configurations. We find that conservative prior assumptions on neutron-star mass and spin lead to average fractional uncertainties in component masses of ∼16%, with little constraint on spins (the median 90% upper limit on the spin of the more massive component is ∼0.7). Stronger prior constraints on neutron-star spins can further constrain mass estimates but only marginally. However, we find that the sky position and luminosity distance for these sources are not influenced by the inclusion of spin; therefore, if LIGO detects a low-spin population of BNS sources, less computationally expensive results calculated neglecting spin will be sufficient for guiding electromagnetic follow-up.
IMPROVING ESTIMATES OF m sin i BY EXPANDING RV DATA SETS
Authors: Brown Robert A.
Published: July 2016

We develop new techniques for estimating the fractional uncertainty (

) in the projected planetary mass (m  sin i) resulting from Keplerian fits to radial-velocity (RV) data sets of known Jupiter-class exoplanets. The techniques include (1) estimating the distribution of m sin i using projection, (2) detecting and mitigating chimeras, a source of systematic error, and (3) estimating the reduction in the uncertainty in m sin i if hypothetical observations were made in the future. We demonstrate the techniques on a representative set of RV exoplanets, known as the Sample of 27, which are candidates for detection and characterization by a future astrometric direct imaging mission. We estimate the improvements (reductions) in

due to additional, hypothetical RV measurements obtained in the future. We encounter and address a source of systematic error, “chimeras,” which can appear when multiple types of Keplerian solutions are compatible with a single data set.
Enhanced Combined Tomography and Biomechanics Data for Distinguishing Forme Fruste Keratoconus
Authors: Luz Allan , Lopes Bernardo , Hallahan Katie M. , Valbon Bruno , Ramos Isaac , Faria-Correia Fernando , Schor Paulo , Dupps William J. , Ambrósio Renato
Published: July 2016

PURPOSE:

To evaluate the performance of the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) variables and Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) tomographic parameters in differentiating forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) from normal corneas, and to assess a combined biomechanical and tomographic parameter to improve outcomes.

METHODS:

Seventy-six eyes of 76 normal patients and 21 eyes of 21 patients with FFKC were included in the study. Fifteen variables were derived from exported ORA signals to characterize putative indicators of biomechanical behavior and 37 ORA waveform parameters were tested. Sixteen tomographic parameters from Pentacam HR were tested. Logistic regression was used to produce a combined biomechanical and tomography linear model. Differences between groups were assessed by the Mann–Whitney
U
test. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to compare diagnostic performance.

RESULTS:

No statistically significant differences were found in age, thinnest point, central corneal thickness, and maximum keratometry between groups. Twenty-one parameters showed significant differences between the FFKC and control groups. Among the ORA waveform measurements, the best parameters were those related to the area under the first peak, p1area1 (AUROC, 0.717 ± 0.065). Among the investigator ORA variables, a measure incorporating the pressure-deformation relationship of the entire response cycle was the best predictor (hysteresis loop area, AUROC, 0.688 ± 0.068). Among tomographic parameters, Belin/Ambrósio display showed the highest predictive value (AUROC, 0.91 ± 0.057). A combination of parameters showed the best result (AUROC, 0.953 ± 0.024) outperforming individual parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tomographic and biomechanical parameters demonstrated the ability to differentiate FFKC from normal eyes. A combination of both types of information further improved predictive value.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2016;32(7):479–485.]
Effect of Antioxidant Characteristic from Waste Cooking Oil in Modified Asphalt Binder
Authors: Wan Azahar Wan Nur Aifa , Bujang Mastura , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Ngadi Norzita , Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa
Published: July 2016

Aging process especially in asphalt binder material can occur throughout the life cycle of asphalt pavement starting from mixing, placement and during the service life. During this process, the more stiffer and brittle of asphalt binder is produced due to age hardening and gives an indication of initial factor of deterioration in asphalt pavement. A number of noteworthy researchers have focused on oil based modification to produce modified asphalt binder by using Waste Cooking Oil (WCO), due to the presence of natural antioxidant properties possessed in WCO. Antioxidant has played the role as an oxidative inhibition and has the potential to minimize the aging rate to occur. The aging process is conducted by separating between short term and long term aging where short term oxidative aging of binders was simulated using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) while long term aging was performed using pressure aging vessel (PAV). The laboratory evaluation was carried out to investigate the relationship between the qualities of WCO that affect the availability of antioxidant amount towards the susceptibility of aging rate by conducting Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). The result from rheological studies demonstrated that the lowest Aging Index (AI) is presented as 2.14, 2.18 and 1.79 for replacement by using WCO in December sample at concentration of 3%, 4% and 5% for short term aging while AI at 3% = 5.17 and 5% = 7.22 for long term aging. Therefore, the high quality of oil represented by WCO in December sample has indicated the high availability of antioxidant content that can minimize the aging susceptibility in the asphalt binder modified by WCO.
A FAMÍLIA NA REDE DE APOIO DA GESTANTE
Authors: Tsunechiro Maria Alice , Bonadio Isabel Cristina
Published: July 2016

Trata-se de um estudo preliminar que focaliza a família e ou seus membros na rede de apoio de gestantes. Foram entrevistadas 30 gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal de uma instituição filantrópica da cidade de São Paulo, em fevereiro de 1997. A instituição atende prioritariamente mulheres socialmente desamparadas. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se um formulário específico e analisados em função de freqüência absoluta e relativa e, quando pertinentes de forma descritiva. As gestantes caracterizavam-se por média de idade de 23,3 anos; prendas domésticas (43,3%); com primeiro grau incompleto (86,7%); mãe e pai vivo (73,3% e 60,0% respectivamente); 63,4% provenientes de família com quatro ou mais irmãos. Tinham convívio parental 83,3% das gestantes, sendo 63,3% com o marido ou companheiro, enquanto 16,7% viviam fora do contexto familiar. Como provedores de apoio, foram reconhecidos pela gestante, o marido ou pai da criança e outros parentes consangüíneos bem como pessoas não pertencentes ao contexto familiar. Concluise que os membros da família ocupam espaço na rede de apoio da maioria das gestantes. Quanto ao apoio esperado após o parto, no entanto, as respostas de algumas gestantes eram carregadas de emoção, mostrando a necessidade de serem acolhidas e reconhecidas pela família. Assim, sugere-se estudos com outras abordagens metodológicas, para elucidar com mais clareza, o apoio familiar no processo gravídico-puerperal.