bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Study of Leached Metals (Cu, Zn and Ni) from Waste Printed Circuits by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Montiel Hernández J.F. , Reyes Valderrama M.I. , Rivera Landero I. , Rios-Reyes C.H. , Veloz Rodríguez M.A. , Patiño Cardona F. , Reyes-Cruz V.E.
Published: June 2014

A thermodynamic study (Pourbaix type diagrams, using the software Hydra/Medusa) of acid leaching solutions to obtain the electrochemical recovery of Ni, Cu and Zn present in printed circuit boards is reported. Solutions were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. The metals were leached in a 0.9237 M H2SO4 solution (pH = 1.56) at temperatures of 313, 323, 333 and 343 K. From this data, the reduction potentials were determined for each metal, finding the values of -0.0024, -1.1274 and-0.5892 V vs calomel for Cu, Ni and Zn, respectively. Displacement in the reduction potential with the increase of the metal concentration in the leaching solution was observed.
Numerical Calculation on the Influence of Missile Exhaust Plume with Mechanical Properties to the Double-Launch Box
Authors: Li Jing , Jiang Yi
Published: June 2014

The adverse impact of the exhaust plume on the inner wall of the vertical launch box and the former friable lid of the adjacent launch box is a common phenomenon, which causes the deformation or damage of the launch container. By using the three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation, discrete phase model and multicomponent model, the change of the pressure and temperature with time on many monitoring sites are analyzed. The results show that the pressure and the temperature on the edge of the inner wall significantly rise over time after 0.2s. The pressure on the centerline of the inner wall rises over time after 0.2s but the temperature gradually decreases. The maximum pressure on the former friable lid of the adjacent launch box peaks at 0.54s. The conclusion can be regarded as a theoretical reference for engineering application.
Kinematics Analysis of Instep Shot in Different Heights
Authors: Li Pan
Published: June 2014

Using biomechanical test system to reveal the kinematics parameters of instep shot in different heights in soccer players. Twelve healthy male college students voluntarily participated in this study. After digitizing the recording collected by camera, this study reached the following conclusion that (1) In instep front shot the lower the contact height with ball during kicking, the faster the ball velocity. Therefore, the author put forward a proposal that in order to obtain the faster ball velocity, the kicking ball point should be lower, and (2) the player can control the ball velocity, ball trajectory, and the time of technique by controlling the vertical distance between support leg and ball.
Study of Material Properties for the Multielement in Dipsacus Asper Wall — From Panzhihu with Application of Microwave Assisted Digestion and the ICP-AES Method
Authors: Han Hong Bo , Deng Qiang , Diao Yi , Deng Jian Mei , Li Min Jie
Published: June 2014

In this research, these elements such as Cu, Fe, Al, Cd, Pb,Mn, Zn, Ti and As were measured by ICP-AES equipment, the elements derived from Dipsacus asper Wall. from different places such as Gesala county, Pingdi county, Puwei county,Ala county etc. Detection limits ranged 0.0020 ug/ml-1 and 0.079ug/ml-1, the relative standard deviations for all these elements were lower than 2%, and recovery rates ranged 94.5% and 107.2%. The results showed that there were many metal elements in Dipsacus asper Wall. from different location; contents of Fe and Al were highest in Panlian county’s sample specially; contents of Mn, Cu, Zn and Ti were moderately high inYumen county specially; and contents of As, Cd and Pb were lowest in Yongxing county. From the result we tested,It was differernt the contents of metallic element of all sample origined from differnt place.It’s relation to environment. so, environment supervise was important goal to achieve.
Study on Design Method of Clutch Pressure Plate Based on Thermal Deformation
Authors: Yang Guang Biao , Zhang Tie Shan
Published: June 2014

With the method of finite element, the sliding friction process of pressure plate and friction disc during clutch engagement was simulated to get temperature field and thermal deformation of the pressure plate. The law of temperature distribution on the pressure plate, which achieve from the simulation is same with the one measured by thermocouple. On this basis, analyzed the influence of pressure plate’s thermal deformation to torque transmission ability of clutch and put forward the structure design method of clutch pressure plate.
A Method to Predict Stress Intensity Factor of Surface Crack at Weld Toe of Offshore Structures under Wave Loads
Authors: Yan Xiao Shun , Huang Xiao Ping
Published: June 2014

The calculation of stress intensity factor (SIF) in fracture mechanics-based fatigue life prediction is mainly based on empirical formulas, the poor applicability of which limits the wide application of fatigue assessment based on crack propagation. This paper proposed a SIF calculation method for structures under wave loads. It was proved correct by comparing with the empirical formulas. Then, the method proposed was applied for the surface crack at weld toe of a connection between the column and brace of a semi-submersible platform. The predicted results showed that SIF ranges varied with wave loads, which were subjected to the effects of wave directions and frequencies. In addition, SIF ranges calculated by empirical formulas were very different from those of the proposed method. In order to accurately predict fatigue crack propagation life for ocean engineering structures, it is necessary to take the characters of wave loads into consideration. The proposed method in this paper may provide a reference.
A Numerical Study of the Airfoil Aerodynamic Characteristics with Porous Surface
Authors: Xiang Xiao Jun , Yang Jun Li
Published: June 2014

Numerical simulations have been done to investigate the effect of passive flow control on the flow separation and the strength of the shock wave of the NACA0012 airfoil with two types of the porous surface. It has also been discussed that which region the porous surface applied to will make better effect on the flow control. The results show that the B type of the porous surface, which has empty bottom, has effective control on the flow separation if applied to the region near behind the separation point, while the A type of the porous surface is useless. And both A and B porous surface have effect on the decreasing of the strength of the normal shock wave strength when the porosities have been applied to the region across the shock wave. And compared with A type porous surface, the effect of the control is better if B type porous surface is applied. The result has been concluded that the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil can be improved with B type of the porous surface. And the B type is worth to be used.
The Study of Aeroelastic Reduced-Order Model Based on CFD/CSD Method and its Application
Authors: Li Rui , Tang Chang Hong
Published: June 2014

Unsteady aerodynamics research is the foundation of aeroelastic analysis. How to effectively improve the aeroelastic computational efficiency,it is the key of current research on aeroelasticity now.Reduced order models are proposed as a powerful tool to solve this problem. Analyzed the three reduced-order models for Volterra ,Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Harmonic Balance method ,their advantages and disadvantages were pointed out. The direction of the reduced order model in the future was Proposed and some suggest was given out for its application.
Research on Car-Rail Coupling Dynamics of Ascending Hatchway of Elevator Safety Device Test Tower
Authors: Jiang Qing Song , Ye Jian Ping , Zhang Jia Fan
Published: June 2014

The hatchway structure and operating mode were described according to the key technology of elevator safety device test tower. According to mounting structure of the ascending hatchway, the constraints of car-rail were proposed. According to constrains, the car-rail coupling dynamics models of moving and rotating were proposed at x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, and the vibration models were simplified to moving and rotating at z-axis. Based on simplified model, the dynamic characteristics of car were simulated when safety gear broken.
Research Status and Trend of Natural Gas Hydrate in China
Authors: Huo Rong , Duan Kai Bo
Published: June 2014

With the further development of national economy, people have become more concerned about the environment quality. Especially in recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of hazy weather, there has been a growing demand for clean energy [Fig. 1]. As one kind of non-conventional energy, natural gas hydrate, featured by large reserves and relatively clean products of combustion, is considered by the scientific community to be an alternative energy resource in replacement of coal and petroleum. This paper gives a brief introduction of the research progress of natural gas hydrate both at home and abroad, presents the research results and the obstacles in the next step to be taken for China, and then looks into the future development trend.
Applied Technology in Reality of Knowledge Visualization
Authors: Liu Qiang
Published: June 2014

With the rapid development of information technology, the human race has entered a time of knowledge explosion. Visualization technology applications achieved good results in various fields. Knowledge can be defined as visualization representation using improved knowledge of at least two or spread between the two groups. Knowledge visualization framework includes three issues. It involves the concepts and methods and some are long, such as concept maps, mind mapping. Visualization system consists of four modules: graphical user interface, Utility Toolkit, XML data center, visualization module. Utility package includes an operating class and two entity classes. We can use the MVC hierarchical thinking to analyze the classes in this package.
Applied Technology in Management and Construction of College
Students' Entrepreneurial Base
Authors: Zhang Jiu Bo , Wang Kai Lin , Shang Xiao Mei
Published: June 2014

Universities build college student entrepreneurial base. So they can encourage students to start a business and cultivate entrepreneurial talents. It plays an important role in alleviating the employment pressure of our country, cultivating the creativity of the young people, and promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities. In this paper, we will discuss the applied technology in management and construction of college students' entrepreneurial base.
Data Processing with Computation in Bayes Reliability Analysis for Burr Type X Distribution under Different Loss Functions
Authors: Zhou Hui
Published: June 2014

This paper studies the estimation of the parameter of Burr Type X distribution. Maximum likelihood estimator is first derived, and then the Bayes and Empirical Bayes estimators of the unknown parameter are obtained under three loss functions, which are squared error loss, LINEX loss and entropy loss functions. The prior distribution of parmeter used in this paper is Gamma distribution. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is given to illustrate the application of these estimators.
FCA in Artificial Intelligence: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Peng Zhi Hao , Luo Wei , Deng An Sheng
Published: June 2014

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is well-founded mathematical theory which has been widely used for many AI needs such as software engineering, knowledge processing, ontology engineering etc. This is a survey paper in which we analyze recent literature on FCA and some closely related applications using FCA. Finally, the new trends and future perspectives are discussed.
Application of Electronic Materials and Information System
in Autonomous Learning of Learners
Authors: Wu Chun Mei
Published: June 2014

The rapid development of technology and information provides learners with a better learning environment with advanced means,which causes a big change in learners’ learning style and an impact on their learning outcome. This paper aims to explore the effect of electronic materials with information system on learners’ learning style, especially learners’ autonomous learning. Results from a 16-week experiment and an interview show that well-designed electronic materials do exert great influences on learners’ learning style, which can not only boost learners’ independent learning but also the learning effect.
Applied-Information Technology with Design and Development of Bluetooth PSTN Gateway and Audio Terminal
Authors: Dong Ya Jun
Published: June 2014

Based on the Bluetooth specification and profiles, this paper discussed the concept of 3-in-1 phone and the design and realization of two versions of Bluetooth PSTN gateway and audio terminal developed by the authors. First, this paper illustrates the characteristics and innovation of PC version of Bluetooth protocol stack developed by us, which includes the design and realization of Virtual Operating System (VOS) and such methods as bytes sequence and bytes alignment shield, and discusses the development of equipments. Then, the design and realization of embedded PSTN gateway and audio terminal are discussed, the realization of embedded software and PSTN gateway that supports multi-terminals are emphasized. Finally, the application prospects of PSTN gateway and audio terminal are introduced.
Application of New Materials in the Field of Sports Apparel
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: June 2014

As a sports apparel clothing categories overall, in the broadest sense can be divided into professional sports apparel, sports everyday wear and sports accessories three categories. Professional sports apparel mainly athletes to participate in various sports competitions at the time of wearing apparel, the sport has its own characteristics, in order to adapt to the development of sports, professional sports apparel in the production process, new technologies, new processes, new fabrics should continue to appear, in order to make professional sportswear meet the requirements. Casual sports tend to be fashionable, but it retains the unique features part of sportswear. Sports accessories mainly involved in a number of areas of protective equipment and the use of equipment. The new thermal wicking fabrics, including fabrics, super-elastic fabric, waterproof and breathable fabrics, three-dimensional fabric composites, carbon fiber materials. These new materials for professional sports clothing, casual sportswear and sports equipment and sports goggles have a positive and practical impact. This paper studies the application of new fabrics in professional sports apparel, casual sportswear and sports protective appliances.
Finite Element Analysis of Inclined Double-Roller Enveloping Hourglass Worm Gearing Based on Workbench
Authors: Tang Hao , Liu Zai Xin , Rong Hao
Published: June 2014

To further analyze the deformation and stress of inclined double-roller enveloping hourglass worm gearing, based on the research of geometric characteristic analysis of non-parallel double-roller enveloping hourglass worm gearing and solid modeling of non-parallel double-roller enveloping hourglass worm, helical-line of tooth-surface are obtained using software MATLAB, 3-D model of the worm gearing are established using Pro/E. Finally, finite element analysis based on Workbench are carried out in three different meshing positions of worm gearing. The research methods used in this paper has something referential value for the study of the same type of worm gearing.
Bioactivity Behavior of YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP Bioceramics Composites in Simulated Body Fluid
Authors: Liyana M.R.N. , Adzali Nur Maizatul Shima , Zamzuri M.Z.M.
Published: June 2014

Yttria-stabilized zirconia and alumina made significant contributions to the development of health care industry, specifically as orthopedic and dental materials. Both bioceramics are nearly inert ceramics, as they do not allow the interfacial bonding with tissue. Thus, it is necessary to provide bioactive surrounding as to elicit a specific biological response at the interface of material. This research reported the microstructure and bioactivity behavior of YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP with 30 wt. % and 60 wt. % of YSZ content. Powders were mixed before being compacted at 225MPa using uni-axial press machine. The composites were sintered at 1200 ̊C with heating rate of 10 ̊C/min. In-vitro bioactivity behavior of the composites were evaluated by immersing the composites into simulated body fluid. Results from x-ray diffraction pattern, confirmed the phase formation of apatite by the presence of Ca2P2O7, and CaO that might be useful on implant cell interaction in a body environment. The apatite formation was observed on the surfaces of the composites by SEM only after 9 days of immersion and subsequently apatite nucleation increased with prolonging immersion time. The dynamic changes in pH, between ion concentration in SBF and bioceramics surfaces correspondedwith an immersion time. Up to 30 days of immersion, the pH value of SBF stabilized approximately around pH 7.4-7.6, similar to the human blood plasma. Formation of apatite on composites surface of prepared YSZ-Al2O3/10HAP bioceramics may contribute to the improved biocompatibility and osteoconductivity.
A Method of Determining the Direction of Two Dimensional Curves
Authors: Wang F. , Abdelmaguid R.K.F. , Hussein H.M.A.
Published: June 2014

Two-dimensional curves are represented by a list of vertices and other parameters that control the shape or curvature of the segments. In computer programming to deal with closed two-dimensional curves, it is often required to know the direction of the curve, which is reflected by the sequence of the vertex data. It can be anticlockwise or clockwise. This paper presents a robust, linear algorithm to determine the direction of a closed two-dimensional curve, by computing the total angular change of a tangent vector travelling along the curve for a complete cycle. A new, robust linear algorithm is proposed for the determination of the positional relationship of a point to a two-dimensional curve. For curves that consist of line and arc segments, which are most commonly used in engineering applications in computer aided design, the paper presents algorithms and procedures for solving the above problems.
ISO 6983 Translator for PC Based CNC Systems
Authors: Yusof Yusri , Latif Kamran
Published: June 2014

Computer Numerical Control (CNC) controller is an important part of machine, composed of hardware and software models. Software model, usually called an interpreter translates input code as per internal structure of CNC machine. Now a day’s traditional controllers of CNC machine are found to be closed in nature, because they are depended of vendor’s specifications. Due to that dependence they do not facilitate access to the inner features of machine. In order to overcome these problems open architecture controllers were introduced. In this article a new ISO 6983 translator for open architecture CNC controller is being proposed. The developed software model is able to read commercially available Computer Aided Design (CAD) /Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system generated International Standards Organization (ISO) 6983 file and extracts position, feed rate, spindle speed, tool etc data and translates to OAC machine. At the same time it is also able to generate output in user defined text and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats. Further design of paper includes development of translator, followed by case study experiment and finally ends with conclusion.
Simulation Optimization – Testing Selected Optimization Methods and their Setting of the Parameters
Authors: Raska Pavel , Zdenek Ulrych
Published: June 2014

The paper deals with testing optimization methods and their setting of the parameters used to search for the global optimum of specified objective functions. The objective functions were specified considering the objectives of the discrete event simulation models. We specified the evaluation methods considering the success of finding the global optimum (or the best found objective function value) the in defined search space. We tested Random Search, Hill Climbing, Tabu Search, Local Search, Downhill Simplex, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution and Evolution Strategy. After the testing we proposed some slight modifications of the Downhill Simplex and Differential Evolution optimization methods.
A Critical Survey of Ceramics Materials for Production of Automotive Engine Block
Authors: Mogaji Pius Bamidele , Jamiru Tamba , Desai Dawood , Sadiku Rotimi
Published: June 2014

Efforts at utilizing ceramic materials with their undeniably interesting range of properties in automobile manufacture, has persisted for many years. The corrosion resistance, the resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, the capacity of its resistance to wear and the low relative density of these materials make them especially attractive candidates for use in the automotive engine block production. The limitations of ceramics materials in the area of low fracture toughness can be assuaged by using various methods of grain and boundary size strengthening. This paper presents a critical survey of some of the existing materials used in the production of automotive engine block, the existing methods of toughening and strengthening of ceramic composite materials with emphasis on methodologies, strengths and weaknesses.
Evaluation of CO2 Uptake under Mild Accelerated Carbonation Conditions in Cement-Based and Lime-Based Mortars
Authors: Furcas Carla , Balletto Ginevra , Naitza Stefano , Mazzella Alessandro
Published: June 2014

The industrial production of cement-based and lime-based materials such as mortars contributes significantly to the release of greenhouse gases such as CO2into the atmosphere. However, a percentage of these emissions is reabsorbed as the mortar hardens, owing to carbonation reactions. This study aims to explore the CO2sequestration capacity of a cement-based (CM) and a lime-based mortar (LM) over the first 28 days of curing. The CO2uptake of CM and LM was experimentally evaluated in mildly accelerated conditions by using a volumetric approach. This procedure enabled us to assess the CO2absorbed after 1, 7 and 28 days from mortar preparation so as to simulate CM and LM behavior during their setting, hardening, and service-life conditions. Through the experimental approach values of 19.1, 25.5 and 26.4 g CO2/kg for CM and 5.0, 11.0 and 16.1 g CO2/kg for LM were obtained. These results, which were validated by means of X-ray diffraction along with calcimetry analysis, confirmed that carbon sequestration by common mortars during their curing time is not negligible.
A Breif Review on Manufacturing of Al-TiC MMC
Authors: Josyula Sravan Kumar , Narala Suresh Kumar Reddy
Published: June 2014

Aluminum based Titanium carbide particulate reinforced metal matrix composite (Al-TiC PMMC) draws attention by many researchers & industries over alloy materials because of its excellent thermo-physical and mechanical characteristics. Despite of its superior properties of Al-TiC MMC, its complexity in manufacturing process and poor machinability has been the main deterrents to its application level. Controlling agglomeration of TiC particles is a challenging task to retain improved microstructure. The hard abrasive nature of carbide particles cause poor machinability and high machining cost. Therefore, in this paper an attempt has been made to study the various manufacturing techniques to achieve uniform distribution of TiC reinforcements in Al matrix.Further, the review follows the secondary manufacturing process of Al-TiC PMMC, which addressee’sthree topics: machining, forming & welding.
Effect of Curing Age on the Compressive Strength of Petrovege Blocks
Authors: Johnson O.A. , Madzlan Napiah , Kamaruddin Ibrahim B.
Published: June 2014

In the recent years there has been an intensification of policies on sustainable construction materials in the construction industry. This environmental policy has brought about development of various sustainable materials in which Petrovege blocks is one of the outstanding products. This paper investigates the effect of curing age on the compressive strength of the product. Block samples were prepared by adding 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13% liquid content of the mixture of vegetable oil and crude oil sludge as a binder after the optimum liquid content has been established. The specimens were cured at different period of time of 48hrs, 72hrs, 96hrs, and 120hrs. Mechanical properties of the products were evaluated. Compressive strength of Petrovege samples varies from 5.31 N/mm2to 18.88 N/mm2indicating that the compressive strength increases with increase in curing age, while decrease in porosity leads to increased compressive strength for the stipulated curing ages. All samples satisfied the minimum requirements in terms of compressive strength, in accordance with all available standards.
Effect of Injection Conditions on the Electrical Conductivity of MWCNTs/PC Conductive Composites
Authors: Wang Li Jun , Qiu Jian Hui , Sakai Eiichi , Wei Xiao Wei
Published: June 2014

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Polycarbonate (MWCNTs/PC) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by melting mixing. With the injection speed and temperature changed, different MWCNTs contents MWCNTs/ PC composites were prepared. The electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was compared with different injection speeds and injection temperatures. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the MWCNTs/PC nanocomposites was decreased with MWNTs content increasing, and were both affected by the injection speed and temperature. Besides, at the vicinity of the surface of samples, the resistivity of MWCNTs/PC nanocomposites was the maximum; the closer to the samples inner, the resistivity was smaller and more stabilized. The microstructure and morphology of composites were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques, and the MWCNTs’ dispersion in PC matrix and the interfacial interaction between MWCNTs and PC were analyzed.
Technique Research on High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steel Used in Semi-Rigid Guardrail
Authors: Yu Hai Xia , Zhou Zhi Wei , Zhang Hong Song
Published: June 2014

The technical and economic feasibility of high strength low alloy structural steel is analyzed used in highway semi-rigid guardrail. In principle of improving safety performance and reducing cost, a kind of high strength low alloy structural steel guardrail is designed. Through the finite element simulation method, the safety performance of this guardrail structure is validated to satisfy the grade-A conditions (160kJ kinetic energy). Compared with the guardrail of same protection level made of ordinary carbon structural steel, high strength low alloy structural steel guardrail can reduce the probability of penetrating when the accident vehicle impact the guardrail and decrease the accident damage, the steel consumption is above 20% lower and the construction cost can be saved as well, thus, remarkable economic and social benefits can be obtained.
Characterization and Parametric Study of Multilayered IPMC Actuator
Authors: Shaari Muhammad Farid , Samad Zahurin
Published: June 2014

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) has been utilized as an actuator in several robotic applications such as the actuator for its locomotion and gripper of the end effector. However, due to its low actuation force which is normally less than 10gf (depend on dimension), the application has been limited to small scale robot. Hence, in this research we propose a multilayer structure of IPMC actuator and investigate the actuation force increment. Besides, parametric study was also conducted to determine the force-to-weight ratio and the bending displacement. The obtained results had been compared to single ply IPMC actuator at the same thickness. The result shows that the increment of IPMC layer had increased the actuating force up to 30% for two layers and 40% for three layers. In addition, utilizing multilayered IPMC had reduced the stiffness constraint for thicker IPMC. This finding would be useful in designing stage of a small scale robot that require higher actuation force at a higher bending displacement.
A Novel Approach for Determining Critical Fracture Strain of a near Alpha Titanium Alloy during Hot Compression Deformation
Authors: Peng Wen Wen , Zeng Wei Dong , Wang Qing Jiang , Zhu Yan Chun
Published: June 2014

A novel high-speed photography is introduced to determine the critical fracture strain of a near alpha titanium ally during hot compression deformation. This method precisely captures the nucleation site and propagation process of cracking, and thus is an excellent method to represent dynamically the hot-deformation fracture. Compared with the traditional way, it can significantly decrease the number of trials and improve the accuracy. Based on this method, the critical fracture strain is measured, and a critical fracture model is developed.
Improving Mechanical Properties of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate-co-β-Hydroxyvalerate by Blending with Natural Rubber and Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Authors: Chutamas Maneewong , Jackapon Sunthornvarabhas , Hyun Joong Kim , Klanarong Sriroth
Published: June 2014

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is a bacterial-synthesized biopolymer. Moreover, PHBV is a biodegradable, it is an interesting biopolymer for disposable products. PHBV is difficult to process due to its low toughness, an elastic polymer such as natural rubber is introduced to develop toughness. In this experiment, PHBV mechanical properties were improved by blending with natural rubber (NR) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). The NR/PHBV and ENR/PHBV blends with the same ratio of 10/90 (wt/wt) could be extruded, whereas other conditions could not. This ratio was then used throughout this study to examine effect of maleic anhydride (MA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to improve toughness of the blends. Result showed at composition where 1.0 % (wt/wt) MA and 0.05 % (wt/wt) BPO was mixed (coding EPMB2), several aspects of mechanical properties were improved. The blend, EPMB2 revealed the highest impact strength, significantly improved of elongation but drastically decreased of tensile strength. Storage modulus slightly decreased, tangent delta significantly increased when compared with neat PHBV.
Application of Calculus Equation in Solving Thermal Decomposition Kinetics Parameters of Flame Retardant Wood
Authors: Sun Cai Yun , Yang Yong Li , Gao Ming
Published: June 2014

Wood has been treated with amino resins and amino resins modified with phosphoric acid to impart flame retardancy. The thermal degradation of samples has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG) in air. From the resulting data, kinetic parameters for different stages of thermal degradation are obtained following the method of Broido. For the decomposition of wood and flame retardant wood, the activation energy is found to decrease from 122 to 72 kJmol-1.
New Upgrade Solution to Highway Concrete Barrier
Authors: Li Meng , Yu Hai Xia
Published: June 2014

There are tens of thousands of highway miles with in-service concrete barriers all over the world. Many of them require upgrade to meet new collision protection level. In order to find a reliable and economical solution, authors of this paper develop three solutions in term of different materials and structures. Then, researchers use finite element to verify the effect of each solution and compare their expense. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed in the paper. Moreover, the paper explore the feasibility to adopt one of three solutions in the project in Guangdong province, China.
A Fundamental Investigation on Ultrasonic Assisted Fixed Abrasive CMP (UF-CMP) of Silicon Wafer
Authors: Wu Yong Bo , Wang Li Jun
Published: June 2014

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is often employed to obtain a super smooth work-surface of a silicon wafer. However, as a conventional CMP is a loose abrasive process, it is hard to achieve the high profile accuracy and lots of slurry must be supplied during CMP operations. As an alternate solution, a fixed abrasive CMP process can offer better geometrical accuracy and discharges less waste disposal. In this paper, in order to enhance the polishing efficiency and improve the work-surface quality, a novel ultrasonic assisted fixed abrasive CMP (UF-CMP) is proposed and the fundamental machining characteristics of the UF-CMP of a silicon wafer is investigated experimentally. The results show that with the ultrasonic assistance, the material removal rate (MRR) is increased, and the surface quality is improved.
Study on Slurry of SiC Crystal Substrate (0001) C Surface in CMP Based on Silica Sol (SiO2 Abrasive)
Authors: Zhang Zhu Qing , Cheng Hai Feng , Su Jian Xiu
Published: June 2014

SiC single crystal substrate has been become an indispensable substrate material in the field of semiconductor lighting. But, there is no report on the commercial slurry of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) SiC substrate. In this paper, according to orthogonal design, the composition selection and optimization of CMP slurry based on silica sol (SiO2 abrasive) had been done in CMP SiC crystal substrate (0001) C surface by tests. The CMP slurry based on silica sol for SiC crystal substrate (0001) C surface had been obtained. According to the CMP test results, the material removal rate (MRR) is about 15nm/min and the surface roughness Ra is about 0.2nm.
UV-Radiation Curing Process of Cationic Epoxy Adhesive Materials
Authors: Zhang Wei Li , Chen Jian Jun , Tan Man Lin , Li Bo , Ye Li Qiang , Fu Dong Ju , Ma Qing , Wang Xiao Wei , Li Dong Shuang
Published: June 2014

The effect of photoinitiator content and species for adhesive liquid-solid conversion rate was studied. The infrared spectras of the alicyclic epoxy resin adhesives before and after the UV light curing were detected by FTIR. Thus light curing process for the alicyclic epoxy adhesive material was explored. The results showed that the UV light curing speed of Omnicat 550 was slower than that of Omnicat 650. Furthermore, the liquid-solid conversion rate was the maximum when the photoinitiator was added up to 3% with the same agent and coating thickness.
Stability of a Class of Power System with Interval Parameters
Authors: Xie Di , Lu Zhan Hui , Wang Wei Juan
Published: June 2014

The main discussion in this paper is the stability of power system with interval parameters. By Lyapunov method, matrix theory and so on, the stability theorem of models with interval parameters is provided. Taking an asynchronous wind turbine model as simulation example, the interval that makes the simulation example stable is found, and the numerical simulation shows that the theorem is not only effective but also practical.
The Effect of Air Cold Plasma Treatment on UHMWPE Fiber Surface Modification
Authors: Lin Xiao Xia , Huang Xin , Wang Yi Min
Published: June 2014

This paper adopted the air plasma treatment on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber surface modification. SEM, tensile test and fiber bundle pull out test were used to characterize the influence of processing time and voltage on the effect of fiber surface modification. The results showed that the optimum conditions of surface modification were obtained by the processing parameters of pressure 15Pa, time 5 minutes and voltage 15V. At this point, the bonding strength was increased by about 82.4%, and the breaking strengthreduced by 9.7%.
Transformer Impedance Determination for Power System Studies of Distribution Network integrated with Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Tang Jun Huat , Che Wanik Mohammad Zamri , Busrah Asnawi Mohd , Hussin Ahmad Kamil Mat
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a guideline of determining impedance of transformer when conducting system study for renewable energy interconnection. The method can be used when there is lack of information on the transformer’s technical details. Simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effect of impedance on the losses and short circuit current. The guidelines introduce in this paper will increase reliability and accuracy of the system study conducted by engineer and researchers in assessing the possible impact renewable energy integration.
Gangue as Flame Retardants for Flexible Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Gao Ming , Song Chun Guang , Rong Dan , Ji Yu Wen
Published: June 2014

Gangue as flame retardant was used to PVC, the mechanical properties and flame retardance of the samples were studied. The resultant data show that gangue little effect on the mechanical properties of the sample, especially tensile strength, yield stress, and 10% of gangue obtained good flame retardance. PVC treated with flame-retardants showed a high limiting oxygen index, char yield, which indicated that the flame retardance of the treated PVC was improved.
Translational-Rotational Motion of Earth Artificial Satellite (EAS) in Hill's Gravity Field
Authors: Astemessova Kalamkas , Bekov Askar , Shinibaev Maksut , Ussipbekova Dinara
Published: June 2014

The method presented below makes it possible to obtain an approximate solution to the problem of translational-rotational motion of proofmass in Hill's gravity field, as explicit functions of time.
Research on Internal Flow Field of Control Valve Outlet Blockage Fault
Authors: An Yan Tao , Ma Ru Jian , Zhao Dong
Published: June 2014

Internal flow field and noise of outlet blockage fault and trouble-free for control valve are studied by CFD. The study shows that the pressure of front-end and back-end for blockage is respectively increased, but the upper pressure is reduced. Two strong vortexes are formed at front-end and back-end of blockage, which reduce noise of pipe after valve.
Migration Study of Biodegradable Blends of Polylactic Acid and Epoxidized Natural Rubber
Authors: Nampitch Tarinee
Published: June 2014

Nowadays the use of biodegradable plastic in the food industry has increased dramatically. Because of its outstanding characteristics, i.e. environmental friendliness and non-toxicity, researchers are interested in studying how to improve the properties of plastic, especially polylactic acid or PLA, which is very fragile and intolerant to high impact force. Attempts have been made to improve the weak points of PLA by mixing PLA with epoxidized natural rubber. The natural rubber goes through an epoxidation process, resulting in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as the finished product. ENR contains epoxy groups which can efficiently react with PLA. Ratios of PLA and ENR employed in this study were 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10. In addition to finding a suitable ratio between PLA and ENR, the mixtures were subjected to migration tests according to the guidelines specified in European Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 in order to prove whether the mixed materials are safe and suitable for consumer use. Migration testing was conducted by soaking samples in four different food simulants – 10% (v/v) ethanol in aqueous solution, 3% (w/v) acetic acid in aqueous solution, 20% (v/v) ethanol in aqueous solution and vegetable oil – for 24 h at 40 °C. The results showed that the PLA/ENR blends at every ratio had an overall migration amount of less than 10 mg/dm2 in three of the sample simulants, while the overall migration from materials soaked in vegetable oil exceeded this standard. Migration tests of one of the sample blends conducted at 100 °C for 2 h showed similar results. In conclusion, polymer blends of PLA and ENR are appropriate for food packaging applications, but are not appropriate for foods containing vegetable oil.
Based on RFID Prefabricated Building Component Design and Monitoring System Research
Authors: Wang Jing
Published: June 2014

Long-term since, our country concrete building mainly adopts the construction of the traditional mode of production, design and build extensive, poor operation condition, high labor intensity, large building materials loss and building garbage, construction quality is not stable, the whole life cycle of building energy consumption is high, the low degree of industrialization, and the energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection policies carried out by the state. Prefabricated buildings are the main characteristics of the sustainable development of construction industry, the integration of the supply chain of the project life cycle, emphasizes the decisive automation and intelligent technology. The emergence of the RFID theory for the research of prefabricated construction provides a new perspective.
The Phase Shift of Reflection and Refraction of SH-Wave at an Interface of Two Media
Authors: Wang An Ling , Liu Fu Ping
Published: June 2014

Using the reflection and refraction coefficient of SH wave at the interface of strata, we derived the phase shift of total reflection and refraction SH-wave, The results show that, the phase shift reflection than the phase shift refraction, phase shift of reflection 2 times the phase shift of refraction.
Design on the Detection System of Stud Welding Dynamic Parameters
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Xiao Xu , Zhang Weng Ming
Published: June 2014

Stud welding plays an important role in fixing stud on car bodies. The quality of stud welding is seriously affect automotive security. During the stud welding process,stud welding machine by monitor welding current,welding voltage and welding time to determine the welding quality is good or bad,and uses the average parameter monitoring system,but there are many defects of welding quality relate to these instantaneous value of the parameter.Based on the above issues, designed a dynamic parameter detection system.through the real-time monitoring of dynamic parameter,it can more accurately detect the defects of welding quality.
Influence of Lateral Shift on Normal Moveout of SH-Wave
Authors: Wang An Ling , Liu Fu Ping
Published: June 2014

Using the lateral ,shift and shift time of REFRACTION coefficient of SH seismic wave at the interface of strata, we derived and given formulae of normal move out of lateral shift, discussed the influence of lateral shift on normal move out of SH-wave, and drawn the curves of normal move out of lateral shift and the error of normal move out caused by lateral shift with respect to the angle of incidence. The results show that for glancing wave or angle of incidence being near the critical angle, A large error can be caused by lateral shift; The error correction of lateral shift should be done before seismic data processing.
Study on Control Quality of Valve Outlet Blockage Fault
Authors: An Yan Tao , Ma Ru Jian , Zhao Dong
Published: June 2014

The flow characteristic and differential pressure-flow of outlet blockage fault and trouble-free for control valve are simulated by CFD. The study shows that the vortex at the bottom of control valve outlet is main reason for the outlet blockage fault, relative gain of flow characteristic curve for outlet blockage is increased, the flow percentage of outlet blockage compared with trouble-free is maximum value at relative opening is 60% and 100%, the pressure - flow percentage reaches maximum value at differential pressure is 800 kPa.
Flexible Thermosetting Pipe
Authors: Mustaffa Zahiraniza Bt , Albarody Thar M. Badri
Published: June 2014

The typified as flexible thermosetting pipe, is a new product, developed initially in response to the need for a non-metallic replacement for steel pipe used for oil and gas productions. This product may use for high pressure down-hole applications in which the pipe could repeatedly transported onto a drum. The proposed pipe comprise an internal thermoplastic layer play as liner and a fluid-tight cover, and one or more dual-helical wounding tape stacks applied to the internal liner for absorbing axial and bending loads. The tape stacks are wrapped helically onto the pipe structure with adjacent gaps between wrappings tape to reduce the pressure integrity of the tubular pipe structure. The composite tape stacks are formed from a plurality of thin tape strips and are bonded to each other within a stack. All the layers are manufactured from composite material consisting of highly noncorrosive epoxied matrix reinforced by long continuous fibers. Thus, the proposed flexible pipe designed to be stand alone with thermoplastic liner over-wound with one or more of an epoxy-based structural thermosetting laminate. To this aim, a straightforward simulations of thermosetting pipe is developed via using ANSYS software. Apart from possessing an accurate operational condition, on account of its simplicity the proposed simulation seems also very suitable for further developing and prototyping purposes. Finally, it has been shown that the proposed thermosetting pipe, which partially attains some classical characteristic of both offshore and onshore pipeline by a different line of reasoning, is may serve as a reference in designing flexible pipe.
The Thermal Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Treated with Intumescent Flame Retardants
Authors: Gao Ming , Rong Dan , Song Chun Guang , Ji Yu Wen
Published: June 2014

A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (IFR), was synthesized. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was modified with IFR to get the flame retardant UPR, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI). 22.7% of weight of IFR was doped into UPR to get 28.5 of LOI. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing IFR were investigated with thermogravimetry (TG). Activation energy for the decomposition of samples was obtained using Kissinger equation. The resultant data show that for UPR containing IFR, compared with UPR, IFR decreased weight loss, thermal stability, increased the char yield, which shows that IFR can catalyze decomposition and carbonization of UPR.
Microstructure of Gold Nano-Crystals from Nanometer to Micrometer Lengthscale in Gold Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Boonchu Nirut , Lawan Anan , Thipayarat Kamolchanok , Pintasiri Suphakit , Kanjanakijkasem Worasit , Kuimalee Surasak , Lohwongwatana Boonrat
Published: June 2014

Gold based bulk metallic glass was synthesized at with different quenching rates. Au54Ag5Pd2Cu24.3Si14.7 alloy ingots were cast into wedge shape and cone shape samples. The critical casting thickness of this alloy composition was found to be 4 mm when cast in copper mold. Completely amorphous structure as found in sections thinner than 4 mm when considering a infinite copper plate geometry. In locations with slower cooling rates, there are small fractions of transformed nanocrystals. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) study of Au54Ag5Pd2Cu24.3Si14.7 solidified microstructure could offer snap shots of nucleation and growth of crystals from nanometer to micrometer length-scale as evolved with different cooling rates. The phase evolution was recorded by transmission electron microscope study, electron diffraction and metallography using scanning electron microscope. The specimens comprised of both fully amorphous solid and nanocomposites which were the combination of nano-crystals of controlled sizes in amorphous matrix. Vickers hardness values increased to 350-450 Hv, when compared to sub 100-150 Hv level of conventional 18-k gold alloys as cast. The study offers a revolutionary way to create ultrahigh strength bulk metals that comprise of large percentage of nano-crystals in amorphous matrix.