bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and growth of Greater Kuala Lumpur: Issues and recommendations for urban growth management
Authors: Yasin Muhammad Yazrin , Zain Muhammad Azmi Bin Mohd , Hassan Muhammad Haniff Bin
Published: June 2023

This paper discusses the urban management challenges in the Greater Kuala Lumpur area. Before examining Greater Kuala Lumpur's economic and social environment, we will look at the factors that make it a competitive and fiscally sound entity. When considering urban development and redevelopment, we consider how proposed and ongoing projects, as well as plans, hierarchical links, and road networks, contributed to the increase. Because there is no urban growth boundary, land use change and rural encroachment, as well as environmental degradation and the impact of national economic projects on urban expansion, are both rapid and linear in the analysis. This paper also considers how to manage linear development that results in the creation of new suburbs. Finally, we propose strategies for achieving sustainable urban expansion and management by balancing the financial and governance capacities of Greater Kuala Lumpur local governments.
Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales
Authors: Parra‐Sanchez Edicson , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Edwards David P.
Published: June 2023

Tropical montane forests (TMF) are characterised by high endemism, species richness and turnover across elevations. A key question is how niche‐based processes, via adaptation of species to local environmental conditions, and neutral‐based processes from dispersal limitation shape community composition at different spatial scales across human‐modified landscapes. We expect that (1) communities are highly distinct even within the same habitat type and (2) niche‐based processes play the main role in compositional turnover.

To address these expectations, we investigated the compositional turnover of orchids, one of the most prominent floristic elements of TMFs. We sampled orchids in 332 plots spanning over 270 km in the eastern Colombian Andes. Plots ranged between elevations of 1160–3750 m. We used two different spatial extents (whole gradient and two elevational bands), two grains of analysis for the first expectation (regional and local) and two spatial grains for the second expectation (broad and fine scales based on Moran's Eigenvector Maps [MEMs]).

We found 331 orchid species in 171 (51%) plots. We found a strong pattern of high compositional turnover across scales (>72% of total beta diversity is given by species turnover), with 87.5% of the total species pool occurring in fewer than five plots, supporting our first expectation.

Contrary to our second expectation, we found that community composition is mainly driven by geographical distance, while the relative influence of elevation, environmental variables and their combined fractions were negligible across habitats and spatial scales, rejecting niche‐based processes.

Synthesis. High compositional turnover, even across habitats with the highest degree of human intervention, suggests that both forest‐dwelling and open‐habitat species do not easily disperse across habitats. Species dispersal is the major force of orchid community turnover and might be strongly dependent upon macroevolutionary processes and species life‐history traits over multiple scales. Dispersal limitation also draws attention to the importance of preserving habitat connectivity to halt biodiversity losses.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome in pregnancy: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kirby Jordan , Naren Thileepan
Published: June 2023

Antenatal cannabis consumption is common and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including low birthweight, pre‐term birth and increased rates of admission to neonatal intensive care. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) comprises severe, cyclical episodes of vomiting, intractable nausea and abdominal pain observed in chronic cannabis users. CHS, particularly during pregnancy, poses a diagnostic dilemma with a tendency to be ineffectively managed secondary to reduced clinician awareness and a scarcity of available therapies. This clinical perspective explores the current literature on CHS in pregnancy, available pharmacotherapeutics, and recognises the current barriers to improving clinical care.
Right hemicolectomy for colon cancer: does the anastomotic configuration affect short‐term outcomes?
Authors: Rajagopalan Ashray , Centauri Suellyn , Antoniou Ellathios , Arachchi Asiri , Tay Yeng Kwang , Chouhan Hanumant , Lim James Tow‐Hing , Nguyen Thang Chien , Narasimhan Vignesh , Teoh William M. K.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Right hemicolectomy is a common colorectal operation for resection of cancers of the right colon. The ileocolic anastomosis may be created using a stapled end‐to‐side, stapled side‐to‐side or handsewn technique. Anastomotic leak and post‐operative bleeding are uncommon but serious causes of morbidity and mortality, while post‐operative ileus contributes to prolonged length of stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short‐term outcomes between different anastomotic configurations following right hemicolectomy for colon cancer.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using data from the Bowel Cancer Outcomes Registry (BCOR), including 94 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand, of all patients who underwent right hemicolectomy or extended right hemicolectomy for colon cancer with formation of a primary anastomosis between 2007 and 2021.

Results

We included 8164 patients in the analysis. There was no significant difference in rates of anastomotic leak and anastomotic bleeding based on anastomotic technique. A stapled end‐to‐side anastomosis was associated with a lower rate of post‐operative ileus than stapled side‐to‐side anastomosis (6.5% vs. 7.2%; P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Both handsewn and stapled anastomosis techniques may be utilized for oncologic right hemicolectomy, with comparable rates of anastomotic leak and post‐operative bleeding. Stapled end‐to‐side anastomosis resulted in lower rates of prolonged ileus compared to stapled side‐to‐side anastomoses.
Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with moderate‐to‐severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Authors: Branescu Irina , Shetty Sandeep , Richards Justin , Vladareanu Simona , Kulkarni Anay
Published: June 2023

Aim

To describe clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with moderate to severe BPD (MSBPD) in premature infants born ≤32 weeks gestation.

Methods

This was a single centre retrospective cohort study, with reanalysis of echocardiographic studies for PH of infants born ≤32 weeks gestation with MSBPD admitted to a tertiary surgical neonatal service.

Results

In total, 268 babies with MSBPD were included in the study. Incidence of BPD‐associated PH (BPD‐PH) was 12.6% (34), of which 41% infants were observed to have severe PH. On multivariate analysis, need for positive pressure respiratory support at 36 weeks post menstrual age (PMA) was independently associated with PH (p = 0.001; 95% CI 2–13.5) Presence of PH and severity of PH were associated with increased mortality. Of babies with MSBPD‐PH, 32% died before discharge from the neonatal unit.

Conclusion

Babies with MSBPD and PH are more likely to die before discharge from the neonatal unit. Need for positive pressure respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA is independently associated with PH. Babies with MSBPD with less than severe PH are also associated with increased mortality when compared to babies with MSBPD with no PH.
Stigma‐related barriers to participation in support groups for children: Social workers' experiences and destigmatizing strategies
Authors: Svensson Maria , Jönson Håkan , Johansson Susanna
Published: June 2023

In Sweden, preventive support groups for children exposed to domestic violence, substance abuse or mental illness are provided by local child protection services (CPS). The stigma of parental problems and contact with CPS are barriers to recruiting children. This article investigates how such barriers are experienced and handled by professional support group leaders. The empirical data is drawn from five group interviews with 16 professionals, recruited from a purposive sample of nine local authorities in Sweden. It is found that professionals experience stigma as a barrier to recruiting children, mainly the parents' shame but also their fear of CPS involvement. Professionals describe parents' problems on a ‘scale of shamefulness’, ranging from divorce to domestic violence, and the barriers vary in strength relative to the shamefulness of the problem. Parents are gatekeepers for their children's participation, so destigmatizing and shame‐reducing strategies, whether on the interpersonal, organizational or structural level, are called for to increase children's access. However, strategies targeting parental shame are not without their challenges and risks.
Public attitudes and intentions toward engaging in reintroduction of wolves to Japan
Authors: Sakurai Ryo , Tsunoda Hiroshi , Enari Hiroto , Stedman Richard C.
Published: June 2023

Reintroducing apex predators is an important approach in ecosystem restoration; however, it is challenging. Wolves (Canis lupus) were exterminated in Japan around 1900, and since then, there has been a lack of top predators throughout the country. Currently, the wild ungulate population is increasing, causing agricultural and forest damage. This has triggered an ongoing debate among researchers and nongovernmental organizations on whether wolves should be reintroduced to promote self‐regulating biodiverse ecosystems. We conducted a nationwide survey to examine public attitudes toward wolf reintroduction (WR) in Japan. We sent online questionnaires to 88,318 citizens across the country. Among the 12,028 respondents, excluding those with invalid or incomplete answers and unqualified respondents, we obtained and analyzed 7500 responses that were representative of Japanese citizens in terms of some key sociodemographic attributes. More respondents disagreed with WR (39.9%) than agreed (17.1%), and many respondents (43.0%) were undecided. Structural equation modeling revealed that risk perceptions affected public attitudes, implying that the greater the perceived threat of wolf attacks, the less likely people are to support WR. In contrast, attitudes toward wolves (e.g., “I like wolves.”) influenced by wildlife value orientation and beliefs about the ecological role of wolves (e.g., controlling deer populations) positively affected public attitudes toward WR. Those who had a positive attitude toward WR showed intentions to engage in behaviors that support WR. Our results suggest that the dissemination of information related to the ecological role of wolves and the development of a more mutualistic mindset in people could positively influence public support for WR in Japan.
Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway by quercetin in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders: An overview and update on new developments
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Soltani Afsaneh , Khodarahmi Zahra , Alameri Ameer A. , Alwan Athemar M. R. , Ramírez‐Coronel Andrés Alexis , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Abosaooda Munther , Heidari Mahsa , Golmohammadi Maryam , Anoush Mahdieh
Published: June 2023

Background: Neurological disorders (NLDs) are widely acknowledged as a significant public health concern worldwide. Stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are three of these disorders that have sparked major study attention. Neurological dysfunction, protein buildup, oxidation and neuronal injury, and aberrant mitochondria are all prevalent neuropathological hallmarks of these disorders. The signaling cascade of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) shares all of them as a common target. Several studies have found that overexpression of Nrf2 is a promising treatment method in NLDs. Effective treatment of these disorders continues to be a universal concern regardless of various medicines. In order to treat a variety of neurological problems, organic remedies may provide an alternative treatment. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols like quercetin (Que) offer considerable capabilities for treating NLDs. One of Que's greatest key targets, Nrf2, has the capacity to control the production of a number of cytoprotective enzymes that exhibit neuroprotective, detoxifying, and antioxidative effects. Additionally, Que enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and inhibited alterations in the shape and death of neurons in the hippocampus. Objective: In this review, we have focused on Que's medicinal prospects as a neuroprotective drug. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study. Results: The findings of this research demonstrate that (1) Que protected the blood‐brain barrier via stimulating Nrf2 in animal stroke, which alleviated ischemic reperfusion and motor dysfunction. (2) By triggering the Nrf2 pathway, Que reduced the neuroinflammation and oxidative damage brought on by TBI in the cortex. (3) In an experimental model of AD, Que enhanced cognitive function by decreasing A1‐4, antioxidant activity, and Nrf2 levels in the brain. Conclusion: We discuss recent research on Que‐mediated Nrf2 expression in the management of several NLDs in this paper.
Testing associations between human anxiety and genes previously implicated by mouse anxiety models
Authors: Brasher Maizy S. , Mize Travis J. , Thomas Aimee L. , Hoeffer Charles A. , Ehringer Marissa A. , Evans Luke M.
Published: June 2023

Anxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating, with effective treatments remaining hampered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying genetic etiology. Improvements have been made in understanding the genetic influences on mouse behavioral models of anxiety, yet it is unclear the extent to which genes identified in these experimental systems contribute to genetic variation in human anxiety phenotypes. Leveraging new and existing large‐scale human genome‐wide association studies, we tested whether sets of genes previously identified in mouse anxiety‐like behavior studies contribute to a range of human anxiety disorders. When tested as individual genes, 13 mouse‐identified genes were associated with human anxiety phenotypes, suggesting an overlap of individual genes contributing to both mouse models of anxiety‐like behaviors and human anxiety traits. When genes were tested as sets, we did identify 14 significant associations between mouse gene sets and human anxiety, but the majority of gene sets showed no significant association with human anxiety phenotypes. These few significant associations indicate a need to identify and develop more translatable mouse models by identifying sets of genes that “match” between model systems and specific human phenotypes of interest. We suggest that continuing to develop improved behavioral paradigms and finer‐scale experimental data, for instance from individual neuronal subtypes or cell‐type‐specific expression data, is likely to improve our understanding of the genetic etiology and underlying functional changes in anxiety disorders.
Symbolic effects of representative bureaucracy in policing: An experimental replication in a Korean context
Authors: Pyo Sunyoung
Published: June 2023

This study experimentally examines the effect of gender representation of a police organization responsible for handling domestic violence, and how this impacts Korean citizens' views toward the police. Findings show that male participants gave the highest ratings of legitimacy and fairness when the organization is equally represented by men and women, while gave low ratings of legitimacy and efficacy to the organization where women are over‐represented. This implies that achieving gender balance in job assignments helps ensure the effectiveness of representative bureaucracy. On the other hand, female participants rated organization with equal representation positively only when they also demonstrated a high level of active representation for female victims. Given heightened gender conflict within Korean policing, female citizens might try to maintain objectivity about female officers.
Feminist social movements and whistleblowing disclosures: Ireland's Women of Honour
Authors: Kenny Kate
Published: June 2023

Feminist social movements based on workers disclosing sexual harassment and sexual violence have had a dramatic impact on workplaces worldwide. But what are the specific dynamics shaping organizations founded on acts of disclosure? Organizational whistleblowing research has overlooked this topic, while literature on feminist social movements has not, to date, focused on whistleblowing disclosure as a shared experience prompting collective action. In this article I address these lacunae. I isolate disclosure‐based feminist movements (DFMs) as a specific, and important, organizational form, and I draw on relevant insights from whistleblowing theory to shed light on the dynamics therein. I find that first, DFMs are founded on a distinct kind of whistleblowing where members speak out about personally‐experienced embodied violence. Second, movements are galvanized through affective connections formed through the sharing of such experiences, and third, the perceived credibility of individual disclosures are uniquely enhanced through the salience emerging from collective speaking. Extant whistleblowing theory—and literature on feminist social movements—fails to account for organizations based upon embodied and collective experiences of disclosure. In this article a novel theoretical framing based on feminist theory is developed, emphasizing embodied, affective forms of parrhesia involving collective salience that counters whistleblower reprisal. Ideas are illustrated throughout with insights from an exemplar case within the worldwide military #MeToo movement: Ireland's Women of Honour. Contributions for scholarship on feminist social movements and organizational whistleblowing conclude the article alongside insights for practice.
Soil Water Movement and Groundwater Recharge Under Different Land Uses in a Flood‐Irrigated Area
Authors: Yang Lihu , Song Xianfang , Ma Yuxue , Gong Liang , Zhao Zhipeng
Published: May 2023

The water shortage in agriculture area in China requires to reduce the consumption of excessive water in flood irrigation. Therefore, the dynamics of soil water regime is needed to investigate and water‐saving irrigation is necessary to alleviate water shortage. This study investigated the impact of flood irrigation on soil water movement and recharge to groundwater in the Yellow River irrigation area of Yinchuan Plain, China. Combining comprehensive field observation, stable isotopic techniques and water balance simulation, we described the soil water mechanism in vadose zone covered with bare soil in 2019 and planted with maize in 2020. The soil layers affected by precipitation infiltration and evaporation were mainly 0–50 cm, while the soil influenced by irrigation was the entire profile in the mode of piston flow. The maize root took up the soil water up to the depth of 100 cm during the tasseling period. The infiltration and capillary rise in 2020 were similar with those in 2019. However, the total deep percolation was 156.5 mm in 2020 which was about 50% of that in 2019 because of the maize root water uptake. The leakage of ditch water was the major recharge resource of groundwater for the fast water table rise. Precise irrigation is required to minimize deep percolation and leakage of ditch water and reduce excessive unproductive evapotranspiration. Therefore, understanding the soil water movement and groundwater recharge is critical for agricultural water management to improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency in arid regions.
Cation field‐strength effects on ion irradiation‐induced mechanical property changes of borosilicate glass structures
Authors: Lv Peng , Sun Zhao , Wang Fugang , Yu Yang , Yang Fan , Yue Shengjun , Edén Mattias , Chen Liang , Wang Tieshan
Published: June 2023

We examine the impact of the glass network‐modifier cation field strength (CFS) on ion irradiation‐induced mechanical property changes in borosilicate (BS) glasses for the ternary M2O–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Na, K, Rb} and the quaternary [0.5M(2)O–0.5Na2O]–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Li, Na, K, Rb Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba}. 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the as‐prepared BS glasses yielded the fractional population of four‐coordinated B species (B[4]) out of all {B[3], B[4]} groups in the glass network, along with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages out of all B[4]–O–Si/B bonds. Both parameters correlated linearly with the (average) CFS of the M+ and/or {M(2)+, Na+} cations. Both the nanoindentation‐derived hardness and Young's modulus values of the glasses reduced upon their irradiation by Si2+ ions, with the property deterioration decreasing linearly with increasing Mz+ CFS, that is, for higher Mz+⋅⋅⋅O interaction strength. The irradiation damage of the glass network also increased linearly with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages, which are the second weakest in the structure after the Mz+⋅⋅⋅O bonds. Our results underscore the advantages of employing BS glasses with high‐CFS cations for enhancing the radiation resistance for nuclear waste storage.
Effect of Ho‐Dy co‐doping on the electrical properties and reliability of BaTiO3‐based nanoceramics for Base Metal Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor
Authors: Xiao Mengjian , Zhen Yichao , Zhu Chaoqiong , Cheng Xu , Zhao Peiyao , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2023

Fine‐grained BaTiO3‐based ceramics with an average grain size of 120−140 nm were prepared by a chemical coating method. The effect of Ho‐Dy concentration on the microstructure, dielectric properties, and reliability of BaTiO3‐based nanoceramics was investigated. Results showed that appropriate doping contents of Ho and Dy provide the highest dielectric constant of 2323 at room temperature and the temperature stability satisfied EIA X7R specification. Higher doping concentration specimens exhibit lower dielectric constant but gentler temperature stability, indicating thicker grain shells. The failure time under the highly accelerated lifetime test increased along with the increase of Ho‐Dy and was consistent with the impedance analysis results. Doping elements are mainly distributed in grain shells, leading to an increase of resistance and activation energy. The compositions for the highest dielectric constant and best reliability were not the same, providing support for the composition design of dielectric layer material for different BME‐MLCC applications.
Structure evolution and electric‐field‐induced reversible transition in perovskite Na(Nb1−xTax)O3 ceramics
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Lei , Geng Jia , Shi Hongbin , Xu Yonghao , Shi Wenjing , Guo Xu , She Liaona , Jin Li , Ge Wanyin , Wei Xiaoyong
Published: June 2023

Na(Nb1−xTax)O3 binary solid‐solution ceramics with high quality were fabricated by conventional solid‐state sintering routes for improving the electric(E)‐field‐induced irreversible polarization and transition behaviors of NaNbO3. The studied results confirm that this binary solid‐solution ceramics exhibit orthorhombic Pbcm space group companying with reduced unit‐cell volume at x ≤ 0.4, and orthorhombic Pbnm space group at x = 0.5. As the Ta5+ content increases in the binary solid‐solutions, the E‐field‐induced irreversible antiferroelectric → ferroelectric (AFE → FE) transition becomes reversible at x ≥ 0.2, giving rise to double‐polarization hysteresis; the key E‐fields triggering both irreversible and reversible transitions (EF) increase in general. In particular, the E‐field‐induced FE phase at x = 0.15 is unstable upon unloading E‐field to zero, which can return to AFE phase with time lapse. At x = 0.5, the Curie temperature (TC) of AFE shifts to below room temperature, but E‐field‐induced reversible transition is still observed, which results in a nonlinear polarization with the lowest hysteresis and contributes to the largest energy‐storage density. This transition is not due to the AFE ↔ FE transition but rather to the order ↔ disorder behavior of polar clusters or/and nanoregions within nonpolar Pbnm structure matrix.
Exploring the relationships between social presence and teaching presence in online video‐based learning
Authors: Chen Xiuyu , Feng Shihui
Published: May 2023

Background

Video‐based learning (VBL) is the learning process of acquiring defined knowledge, competence, and skills with the systematic use of video resources. Currently, the relationship between teaching presence and social presence in VBL is underexamined.

Objectives

This study examined the relationships between social presence and teaching presence indicators in VBL.

Methods

We analysed social presence based on 3456 danmaku data (synchronised on‐screen comments) and teaching presence based on the video content from eight pre‐recorded database lectures on Bilibili. The eight lectures were categorised into theory‐ and application‐oriented sessions. We analysed the static relationships and temporal patterns between social presence and teaching presence in theory‐ and application‐oriented sessions respectively using bipartite network analysis and cross‐correlation analysis.

Results

We identified the teaching presence indicators that had a high frequency of co‐occurrence with students' social presence, including “conducting informative demonstrations” in application‐oriented sessions and “offering useful illustrations” in theory‐oriented sessions. The most frequently observed social presence indicator was “social sharing”, which co‐occurred frequently with most teaching presence indicators in both theory‐ and application‐oriented sessions.

Conclusions

We identified the significant associations between indicators of teaching presence and social presence in VBL from both static and temporal perspectives. These indicators exhibited varying levels of association between theory‐ and application‐oriented sessions.

Implications

This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the relationships between teaching presence and social presence, which can benefit teaching practice and course design in VBL. Course instructors are suggested to incorporate the identified teaching presence aspects to enhance students' social presence in VBL.
The social domains organization of mentalizing processes in adolescents: a contribution to the conceptualization of personality function and dysfunction in young people
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Fonagy Peter , Osel Tiziana , Dziobek Isabel , Sharp Carla
Published: June 2023

Background

We propose and evaluate a contribution to the conceptualization and assessment of personality functioning based on social domains and mentalizing hypotheses. Social domains are distinct social contexts, such as with acquaintances and friends, with differentiated expectations regarding participants' behaviours and social attributions. The capacity to organize social participation according to these expectations requires the ability, we suggest, to modulate mentalizing processes domain by domain. Drawing on evidence that social domain organization is impaired in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and that hypermentalizing, a heightened interpretation of others' motives, thoughts or emotions, is elevated in adolescent BPD, we hypothesized that hypermentalizing levels in adolescents will vary by social domain and that elevated BPD features will be associated with impairment of this domain organization of hypermentalizing.

Methods

Measures including the borderline personality features scale for children (BPFSC) and the movie for the assessment of social cognition (MASC) were administered to 171 adolescents aged 12–17 recruited from public schools and community organizations in a large metropolitan area in southwestern United States. Mean hypermentalizing scores were computed for adolescent interpretations of sequences in the MASC focusing on the social domains of acquaintance, friends and romantic interactions.

Results

There was a progressive increase in hypermentalizing scores across the acquaintance, friends and romantic interactions (repeated measures ANOVA, p < .001, all pairwise comparisons, p ≤ .02), which was markedly reduced in the presence of elevated BPD features (interaction term, p = .007).

Conclusions

Hypermentalizing is organized according to social domain and this organization is impaired in the presence of elevated BPD features. The findings are consistent with the proposal that personality functioning entails a social domains organization of hypermentalizing, which is impaired in personality dysfunction. Identifying mentalizing processes domain by domain has the potential to create a personalized focus for the treatment of adolescents with personality difficulties.
Development of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder from preschool to adolescence: the role of bullying victimization and emotion regulation
Authors: Nobakht Habib Niyaraq , Steinsbekk Silje , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: June 2023

Background

Childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with adverse outcomes which can continue to impair life well into adulthood. Identifying modifiable etiological factors of ODD is therefore essential. Although bullying victimization and poor emotion regulation are assumed to be risk factors for the development of ODD symptoms, little research has been conducted to test this possibility.

Methods

A sample (n = 1,042) from two birth cohorts of children in the city of Trondheim, Norway, was assessed biennially from age 4 to 14 years. Parents and children (from age 8) were assessed with clinical interviews to determine symptoms of ODD, children reported on their victimization from bullying, and teachers reported on children's emotion regulation.

Results

Oppositional defiant disorder symptoms increased from age 4 to 6, from age 8 to 10, and then started to wane as children entered adolescence. A Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model revealed that increased emotion regulation predicted a reduced number of ODD symptoms across development (β = −.15 to −.13, p < .001). This prediction was equally strong for the angry/irritable and argumentative/defiant dimensions of ODD. No longitudinal links were observed between bullying victimization and ODD symptoms.

Conclusions

Improving emotion regulation skills may protect against ODD symptoms throughout childhood and adolescence.
Early disease intervention with guselkumab in psoriasis leads to a higher rate of stable complete skin clearance (‘clinical super response’): Week 28 results from the ongoing phase IIIb randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, GUIDE study
Authors: Schäkel K. , Reich K. , Asadullah K. , Pinter A. , Jullien D. , Weisenseel P. , Paul C. , Gomez M. , Wegner S. , Personke Y. , Kreimendahl F. , Chen Y. , Angsana J. , Leung M. W. L. , Eyerich K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Guselkumab is an interleukin (IL)‐23 inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in patients with psoriasis.

Objectives

Evaluate the impact of early disease intervention on clinical responses following 28 weeks of guselkumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Correlate clinical response and disease duration data with serum biomarker data.

Methods

GUIDE is a phase IIIb randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre study of adults with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. In study part 1, patients with a short disease duration (SDD [≤2 years]) or a long disease duration (LDD [>2 years]) received guselkumab 100 mg at Week (W) 0, 4, 12, and 20. Those achieving complete skin clearance at W20 and W28 were defined as a super responder (SRe). A multivariable logistic regression analysed the association between baseline factors and the likelihood of becoming an SRe. The relationship between clinical response, disease duration and serum biomarker data was assessed at W0 and 4.

Results

In total, 880 patients were enrolled (SDD/LDD = 40.6%/59.4% of patients). More SDD than LDD patients achieved absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) = 0 at W28 (51.8% vs. 39.4%) and were SRes (43.7% vs. 28.1% [overall 34.4%]). SDD patients also achieved PASI = 0 quicker than LDD patients (median 141 vs. 200 days). Disease duration and prior biologic use had the greatest impact on becoming an SRe, with no strong association among these independent variables. At baseline, there were no significant differences in the serum biomarker levels of IL‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐22 and β‐defensin 2 between SDD and LDD patients, or between SRe and non‐SRe patients. Guselkumab rapidly decreased these markers of systemic inflammation across all patient groups analysed at W4. Guselkumab was well tolerated.

Conclusions

Guselkumab efficacy was consistent across subpopulations, on the skin and systemically. The proportion of SRes was higher in SDD than LDD patients, indicating early treatment intervention may improve clinical outcomes.
Effects of high‐pressure homogenization on the rheological properties of spray‐dried aquafaba powder
Authors: Begliyev Hudayar , Yavuz Nihat , Ok Selçuk
Published: May 2023

Aquafaba, the water obtained from chickpea cooking, has gained interest as a novel food foaming, emulsifying, or gelling agent. Applying proper unit operations to manufacture aquafaba powder with a longer shelf‐life and improved functional properties than liquid aquafaba may further extend its usage in the food industry. In this study, spray drying of aquafaba was optimized, and high‐pressure homogenization was used to improve the rheological properties of the reconstituted powder. The spray drying experiments at different inlet air temperatures (130, 150, and 170°C), feed rates (4, 6, and 8 mL/min), and aspiration rates (80, 90, and 100 m3/h) were conducted. Spray drying at 170°C inlet air temperature, 4 mL/min feed rate, and 92 m3/h aspiration rate was selected as the optimal process resulting in the highest product yield (46.34 ± 1.23%), protein (19.96 ± .29% d.b.), and saponin (96.47 ± 6.11 mg/g d.b.) contents, and minimum moisture level (3.21 ± .14% d.b.). High‐pressure homogenization treatments at different pressure levels (80, 100, and 120 MPa) and the number of passes (2 and 4) were then applied to the solutions prepared from aquafaba powders at the least gelling concentration (20% w/v). The number of passes did not have any significant (p > 0.05) effect on the rheological properties, while homogenization at 120 MPa resulted in the highest viscosity (938.5 × 10−3 Pa s). The aquafaba gels obtained from homogenized solutions had storage modulus values of 7–9 times the loss modulus. The low‐frequency dependence of the viscoelastic properties was also determined. High‐pressure homogenization at increased pressure values and a low number of passes may be considered an optional tool for developing strong gels from aquafaba.

Practical applications

Plant‐based ingredients have been gaining increased interest in recent years, both from everyday consumers and the food industry. Alternative products may be developed with these materials to meet the demands of the clean‐label food market. Aquafaba, the cooking water remaining after chickpea processing, is a potential plant‐derived source. This study describes an optimized spray‐drying process to obtain shelf‐stable aquafaba powder and a high‐pressure homogenization method to improve rheological properties. Based on the results presented here, it may be possible to prepare aquafaba gels and gel‐like food products containing aquafaba.
Responding to Humanitarian Crises: Midwifery Care in Bangladesh
Authors: Purno Nabila H. , Biswas Animesh , Anderson Rondi , Hoque Dewan Md Emdadul
Published: May 2023

Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is often a neglected topic of intervention in humanitarian crises despite its wide‐ranging impact on women and girls’ well‐being. Increasing frequency of climate‐induced natural disasters calls for an urgent need to identify innovative practices for sustainable and effective humanitarian preparedness and response to ensure SRHR of affected populations. One such innovation is the empowerment of midwives in disaster response program planning and implementation. This article describes how midwives deployed to rural primary health centers provided quality SRHR services, particularly for labor and birth assistance and initial management of perinatal emergencies and referral in the aftermath of the 2022 flooding in northern and northeastern Bangladesh. Supportive supervision from physicians, adequate health care logistics and supplies, and administrative support from local health authorities created an enabling environment for the midwives. Community engagement through volunteers helped build rapport with residents and allowed patients to navigate health services. Deploying midwives as a response to climate‐induced natural disaster was successful in establishing quality SRHR services. Future recommendations include systematically deploying midwives in health centers closest to the communities in locations vulnerable to climate change as part of routine health service delivery. This innovative approach clearly demonstrated that utilization of midwives during and after natural disasters could build community and health system resilience to climate change.
Elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol: An inverse marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Schubert Jessica , Lindahl Bertil , Melhus Håkan , Renlund Henrik , Leosdottir Margrét , Yari Ali , Ueda Peter , Jernberg Tomas , Hagström Emil
Published: May 2023

Background

The incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease increases with levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). Yet, a paradox may exist where lower LDL‐C levels at myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with poorer prognoses.

Objective

To assess the association between LDL‐C levels at MI with risk factor burden and cause‐specific outcomes.

Methods

Statin‐naive patients hospitalized for a first MI and registered in SWEDEHEART were included. Data were linked to Swedish registers. Primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and nonfatal MI. Associations between LDL‐C and outcomes were assessed using adjusted proportional hazards models.

Results

Among 63,168 patients (median age, 66 years), the median LDL‐C level was 3.0 mmol/L (interquartile range 2.4–3.6). Patient age and comorbidities increased as LDL‐C decreased. During a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 10,236 patients died, and 4973 had nonfatal MI. Patients with the highest LDL‐C had a lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.80). The risk of hospitalization for pneumonia, hip fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and new cancer diagnosis was lower with higher LDL‐C (HR range, 0.40–0.81). Patients with the highest LDL‐C had a greater risk of recurrent MI (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.07–1.26).

Conclusions

Patients with the highest LDL‐C levels at MI had the lowest incidence of mortality and morbidity. This seems to reflect lower age at MI, less underlying morbidities, paired with the modifiability of LDL‐C. However, supporting the causal association between LDL‐C and ischemic heart disease, elevated LDL‐C was simultaneously associated with an increased risk of nonfatal MI.
Twin peaks: Expressive externality in group participation
Authors: Levine David K. , Modica Salvatore , Sun Junze
Published: June 2023

We introduce a model of group behavior that combines expressive participation with strategic participation. Building on the idea that expressive voting in elections is much like rooting for a sports team, we give applications to both sporting events and elections. In our model there is an expressive externality: an individual enjoys an event more when more of her peers come out to support her preferred party or team. We show that this results in the possibility of “tipping”—that participation may jump up discontinuously when the externality becomes strong enough. We examine the implications for pricing by sports teams and for voter turnout.
Efficacy and safety of pan‐genotypic sofosbuvir and velpatasvir in patients with hepatitis C and HIV coinfection on dolutegravir‐based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: De Arka , Charak Swati , Bhagat Naveen , Rathi Sahaj , Verma Nipun , Premkumar Madhumita , Taneja Sunil , Sharma Aman , Goel Kapil , Singh Virendra , Duseja Ajay
Published: June 2023

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more prevalent in people living with HIV‐AIDS (PLHA) and portends a poorer prognosis. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest the absence of significant interaction between velpatasvir and dolutegravir which has been recently recommended as part of preferred first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens by WHO. However, clinical data on the use of velpatasvir‐based regimen in PLHA taking dolutegavir is lacking. Hence, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir (SOF + VEL) in HCV and HIV coinfected patients on dolutegravir‐based ART. Forty‐five consecutive PLHA with HCV coinfection on dolutegravir‐based ART were prospectively enrolled. All patients were treated SOF + VEL for 12 weeks. Complete haemogram, liver and renal function tests were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks and at end of treatment. Sustained virological response (SVR) was assessed at 12 weeks after end of treatment. The majority were males (95.5%) with a mean age of 32.8 ± 12.3 years. Cirrhosis was present in 6 (13.3%) patients. All patients completed 12 weeks of therapy with SOF + VEL, but SVR could not be assessed in two patients. Forty‐two (97.7%) of the remaining 43 patients attained SVR‐12. SVR‐12 rate was 97.7% and 93.3% by per protocol and intention to treat analysis, respectively. No grade III/IV adverse events were reported, and there was no worsening of blood counts, liver or renal function test parameters. The pan‐genotypic regimen of SOF + VEL is safe and effective in PLHA with HCV coinfection who are on dolutegravir‐based ART.
Novel holistic pharmacokinetic model applied to plasma and urine concentrations of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzene sulphonate following administrations of calcium dobesilate and etamsylate to exercised horses
Authors: Paine Stuart W. , Harding Caitlin , Waller Christopher C. , Zemenova Jana , Viljanto Marjaana , Habershon Butcher Jocelyn , Hincks Pamela R.
Published: May 2023

Calcium dobesilate (CD) is a synthetic venoactive drug used in veterinary medicine to treat equine navicular disease. Etamsylate is a haemostatic agent used in horses for the treatment of exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage. Both etamsylate and CD dissociate in the circulatory system with 2,5‐HBSA as the active drug. The aim of the research was to be able to provide detection time (DT) advice from pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in Thoroughbred horses to better inform trainers, and their veterinary surgeons, prescribing these substances for treatment of Thoroughbred racehorses. Two (pilot study) and six (final study) horses were given 28 and 9 repeated dose of CD (3 mg/kg BID) respectively. Two horses were each given a single intravenous (IV) dose of etamsylate (10 mg/kg). Plasma and urine 2,5‐HBSA concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The CD pilot study revealed that steady state could be reached with a few days and that 2,5‐HBSA in plasma and urine shows instability during storage at −20°C but appears stable at −80°C. A novel holistic non‐linear mixed‐effects three‐compartmental PK model was developed that described both plasma and urine concentrations of 2,5‐HBSA, from either CD or etamsylate administration. Typical values for 2,5‐HBSA clearance and bioavailability were 2.0 mL/min/kg and 28% respectively. Using the parameters obtained from this PK model, in conjunction with methodology developed by Toutain, afforded a possible screening limit (SL) that can regulate for a DT of 3 days in urine; however, a corresponding SL in plasma would be below current levels of detection. However, it is the responsibility of the individual racing authorities to apply their own risk management with regard to SLs and DTs.
A Novel Surgical Technique for Neglected Volar Dislocation of the Lunate: Cases Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kang Soo‐Hwan , Park Hyun Woo , Im Jin‐Hyung , Park Jong Woo , Lim Dohyung , Kim Yoon‐Vin , Ha Seunghun , Park Il‐Jung
Published: May 2023

Background

Treatments for chronic perilunate or lunate dislocations are very difficult and associated with poor prognoses. There is no established treatment method and are still many controversies.

Case Presentation

We reported three cases of chronic neglected lunate volar dislocation treated with a novel surgical technique. All three cases were males with wrist pain and tingling sensation. Radiographs confirmed chronic volar dislocation of the lunate. Open reduction was performed by combined volar and dorsal approaches. After anatomical reduction, scapholunate and lunotriquetral interosseous ligament reconstructions were performed with the palmaris longus tendon and synthetic tape. The patients had an uneventful postoperative period with satisfactory functional outcomes at the last follow‐up.

Conclusions

We believe that open reduction and interosseous ligament reconstruction using the autogenous tendon and synthetic tape may be a valuable option for treating chronic volar dislocation of the lunate.
Percutaneous image‐guided lumbar decompression and interspinous spacers for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: A 2‐year Medicare Claims Benchmark Study
Authors: Staats Peter S. , Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Reece David E. , Strand Natalie H. , Poree Lawrence
Published: May 2023

Objective

This prospective longitudinal study compares outcomes between Medicare beneficiaries receiving percutaneous image‐guided lumbar decompression (PILD) using the mild® procedure and a control group of patients receiving interspinous spacers for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) with neurogenic claudication (NC).

Methods

Patients diagnosed with LSS with NC and treated with either the mild procedure or a spacer were identified in the Medicare claims database. The incidence of harms, the rate of subsequent interventions, and the overall combined rate of harms and subsequent interventions during 2‐year follow‐up after the index procedure were compared between the two groups and assessed for statistical significance with p = 0.05.

Results

The study included 2229 patients in the mild group and 3401 patients who were implanted with interspinous spacers. The rate of harms for those treated with the mild procedure was less than half that of patients implanted with a spacer (5.6% vs. 12.1%, respectively; p < 0.0001) during 2‐year follow‐up. The rate of subsequent interventions was not significantly different between the two groups (24.9% and 26.1% for the mild and spacer groups, respectively; p = 0.7679). The total rate of harms and subsequent interventions for mild was found to be noninferior to spacers (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This comprehensive study of real‐world Medicare claims data demonstrated a significantly lower rate of harms for the mild procedure compared to interspinous spacers for patients diagnosed with LSS with NC, and a similar rate of subsequent interventions during 2‐year follow‐up.