bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Class Hierarchies in Postindustrial Societies: A Criterion and Construct Validation of EGP and ESEC Across 31 Countries
Authors: Smallenbroek Oscar , Hertel Florian R. , Barone Carlo
Published: November 2022

In social stratification research, the most frequently used social class schema are based on employment relations (EGP and ESEC). These schemes have been propelled to paradigms for research on social mobility and educational inequalities and applied in cross-national research for both genders. Using the European Working Conditions Survey, we examine their criterion and construct validity across 31 countries and for both genders. We investigate whether classes are welldelineated by the theoretically assumed dimensions of employment relations and we assess how several measures of occupational advantage differ across classes. We find broad similarity in the criterion validity of EGP and ESEC across genders and countries as well as satisfactory levels of construct validity. However, the salariat classes are too heterogeneous and their boundaries with the intermediate classes are blurred. To improve the measurement of social class, we propose to differentiate managerial and professional occupations within the lower and higher salariat respectively. We show that implementing these distinctions in ESEC and EGP improves their criterion validity and allows to better identify privileged positions.
Bicycle-Oriented Development: How the Dutch Railroad Shaped Urban Planning and Discovered Cyclists along the Way, 1960-1990
Authors: Ploeger Jan , Oldenziel Ruth
Published: November 2022

Scholars often describe the history of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) from an exclusive urban development perspective (linear or finger cities) or from a limited mobility perspective (Public Transit). In these histories, walking is described as the yardstick for a station’s catchment area. Using primary sources, this article shows how between 1960 and 1990 the Dutch railroads played a forgotten but key and unique role in enriching the TOD concept in the densely populated Western Netherlands with the bicycle as a feeder mode. This created a spatial model of a belt with compact bicycle towns along railroad lines. In the process, the railroad reinforced by local and national policies since then helped create cycling-based rather than walking-based fifteen-minute cities that generated larger catchment zones.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Metastatic to the Frontal Sinus and Frontal Recess: Case Report
Authors: Steffens Younès , Krings Sophie , Goudsmit Kelly , Poppe Kris , Dequanter Didier , Horoi Mihaela , Rodriguez Alexandra
Published: November 2022

We describe an extremely rare papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasic to the paranasal sinuses and our surgical management. A 39-year-old patient with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed five years earlier who presented with symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Medical imaging demonstrated opacification of the frontal sinuses and the anterior ethmoid sinus without signs of angiogenesis, bone destruction or calcification. Biopsy under general anesthesia revealed presence of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Treatment consisted in sinus endoscopic surgery with Draf III procedure followed by131I therapy. To our best knowledge, this is the first described case of papillary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the frontal sinus and frontal recess.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis and Shock in the Post-Operative Pediatric Patient
Authors: Hankey Paul Bryan , Brown Jason R.
Published: November 2022

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rare infection that can quickly lead to devastating patient outcomes. Considering the vital importance of surrounding neck structures, rapid control of the infection is essential. Infection is most frequently polymicrobial and occurs in the adult patient in the context of certain medical comorbidities. Complications are typically limited to tissue destruction in the form of necrosis. There are no current reports describing CNF complicated by acute shock in the post-operative pediatric patient. Here, we present a pediatric case of CNF complicated by acute shock following Sistrunk procedure for removal of a supposed thyroglossal duct cyst. This case illustrates a potential post-operative complication that can be seen within the pediatric patient. Although most reported examples of CNF are polymicrobial and result from odontogenic infection, providers should be aware of other potential sources of disease. It is important for the pediatric surgeon to rapidly identify CNF and consequent shock, as prompt medical and surgical interventions are critical to offering the best chance of patient survival.
Lifestyles of Palestinians during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Natour Nihal , Al-Tell Mariam
Published: November 2022

Background: Although the COVID-19 epidemic was linked to movement limitations and a sense of risk among the general public, changes in lifestyle and mental health were not examined among Palestinians. The study aimed to investigate changes in a group of Palestinians’ lifestyles and mental health. Methodology: A translated questionnaire about demographics, mental health difficulties, and lifestyle choices was created using Google Forms and distributed over social media and academic platforms. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants’ mean age was 25 9 years, 67% were women, and 47% were city dwellers. About 82% had a bachelor's degree. Infection with COVID-19 was present in 13% of study group, COVID-19 infection caused the death of a relative in 13% of study group, and commitment to limits was present in 14% of study group. Negative emotions like despair, hopelessness, and worry were extremely common. Despite eating a few fruits and vegetables and drinking a lot of soft beverages, study participants were generally active. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a negative impact on lifestyle and mental well-being.
Passenger vehicle preferences, challenges, and opportunities for users who are visually impaired: An exploratory study
Authors: Brooks Johnell , Li Bing , Jenkins Casey , Dylgjeri Loreta , Krishna Sarath , Ajayan Arjun K , Ghodekar Madhuri , Nikhal Sarvesh , Rana Akshay Anil , Yang ZongMing
Published: November 2022

Individuals with visual impairments encounter many obstacles with passenger vehicles. This study aimed to increase the understanding of challenges specifically related to vehicles including ingress, in-vehicle considerations, comfort, and acceptance of ridesharing and transportation options for individuals who are visually impaired. Ten participants who are visually impaired, with an average age of 57.5 years, completed a semi-structured interview. The interview took place over Zoom or over the phone and focused on their passenger vehicle preferences and challenges, as well as what they would want for them to look like in the future. All of the participants typically requested rides from family and friends for local transportation, while only two used rideshare services. Half of the participants described the most common challenge when getting into a vehicle as hitting one’s head. All of the participants used their sense of touch to locate the seat belt, and most used touch and hearing to locate the vehicle and door they were getting into. When asked what they would like in the future for broader transportation needs, examples ranged from a talking cane, to an electronic guide dog, or to ear buds that could provide directions. Throughout the interviews, participants expressed the importance of transportation for them. This study increased the understanding of the challenges used when walking from an indoor environment to get to and into a vehicle. Understanding how individuals who are visually impaired currently get to and into a vehicle may aid engineers, new technology developers and O&M providers to create more processes and/or training that can help increase transportation options for those who are visually impaired.
Palliative care for adolescents and young adults with advanced illness: A scoping review
Authors: Abdelaal Mohamed , Avery Jonathan , Chow Ronald , Saleem Nasreen , Fazelzad Rouhi , Mosher Pamela , Hannon Breffni , Zimmermann Camilla , al-Awamer Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Background:

Age-related complex medical conditions have been commonly reported among adolescents and young adults with advanced life-limiting illness. There is increasing interest in exploring their palliative care needs and end-of-life experiences.

Aim:

This scoping review aimed to explore the available literature about providing palliative and end-of-life care to adolescents and young adults with advanced life-limiting illnesses.

Design:

Scoping review. This review was registered on Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SPTD7 ).

Data sources:

Electronic databases (MEDLINEALL, Embase, Emcare, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial CENTRAL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), Google Scholar and reference lists were searched up to October 2021. We included studies reporting on adolescents and/or young adults with advanced life-limiting illnesses. There were no limitations concerning location, type of illness or study design.

Results:

We identified 51 studies published between 2002 and 2021. Most studies were published in the United States ( n = 34, 67%), and nine studies (18%) reported exclusively on patients with non-malignant illnesses. Two thirds of the identified studies were case reports and retrospective chart reviews ( n = 33). Three main topics were identified: Physical symptom burden ( n = 26, 51%), Psychological and social needs ( n = 33, 65%), and end-of-life care ( n = 30, 59%). Twenty-six studies (51%) were focused only on one topic, and the age range used to identify adolescents and young adults varied based on the study location.

Conclusion:

The findings of this review shed light on the different palliative care experiences and knowledge gaps related to adolescents and young adults as an underserved and vulnerable patient population. Further research needs to be dedicated toward palliative care programs tailored for adolescents and young adults.
A basic study for the molecular imaging of dual-energy CT in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint
Authors: Bai Rui , He Xiaohua , Huang Juncheng
Published: November 2022

Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common disease in clinical practice that seriously affects the daily life of patients.

Purpose

To explore the molecular imaging basis of “diminution sign on dual-energy colour mapping” for the diagnosis of ACL injury by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT).

Material and Methods

The hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline reagents were prepared in different concentrations. The grouping was shown as follows: a simple concentration change group of an amino acid (group 1/2); a mixed solution group with the concentration increasing synchronously (group 3); a mixed solution group with the concentration reverse increasing and decreasing (group 4); and a mixed solution group that fix one amino acid with increasing concentration of the other (group 5/6). The samples were scanned by DECT. The solution CT value and image signal-to-noise ratio were analyzed.

Results

In group 1/2, the brightness of the dual-energy color mapping of each test tube solution and the CT value increased with increasing the concentration of amino acid. In group 6, there was no significant change in the brightness and brilliance of the dual-energy color mapping and the CT value. The remaining three groups showed an increase in the brightness and brilliance of the dual-energy color mapping and the CT value, and this increase was positively associated with the hydroxylysine concentration.

Conclusion

The dual-energy staining of the DECT imaging in “tendon” mode is related to hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline. Moreover, the degree of dual-energy color mapping is positively correlated with the change of CT value.
Granulicatella elegans infective endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Deptová Jana , Gombošová Laura , Felšöci Marek , Schréterová Eva
Published: November 2022

Granulicatella elegans is a rare cause of infective endocarditis, accounting for 1–2% of all cases. It is well recognized that this pathogen can present in association with negative blood cultures. There are higher rates of both relapse and mortality compared with endocarditis caused by other bacteria. Microbiological diagnosis can be especially challenging because many conventional blood culture media lack pyridoxal, which can be found in automated blood culture broths like BACTEC™ or BACT/ALERT® and thus they may require ‘helper’ bacteria to be culture the organism. This current case report describes a 66-year-old male patient with a 10-year history of post-inflammatory combined aortic valve disease (moderate aortic stenosis and mild aortic regurgitation). He presented with a 3-month history of recurrent fever and general deterioration. Despite targeted, prolonged, combined antibiotic treatment with intravenous penicillin and gentamicin, surgery was eventually required. An aortic prosthetic valve implantation was performed with good results. In case of subacute endocarditis, especially when a causative organism proves difficult to detect, G. elegans should be considered. Identification is greatly enhanced by using polymerase chain reaction methods and this test should be considered in all cases of culture negative endocarditis.
‘City as Home’: Conducting walking interviews as biographical method with migrant men in Cork
Authors: Fathi Mastoureh
Published: November 2022

This paper builds on the growing interest in using walking interviews and visual methods to understand stories of place-making in migration. Walking offers a mobile way of being in the space that combines and connects our sense of self to objects, spaces and people who inhabit them. In this paper, I am using the recent approach in walking methods developed by O’Neill and Roberts (2020) called the Walking Interview as Biographical Method (WIBM hereafter) to discuss my experiences of conducting walking interviews with young male migrants in Cork, Ireland. The paper explores how ‘city as home’ is understood from a female researcher's perspective of or when doing research with male participants, and approaches WIBM from four perspectives: WIBM as temporal, WIBM as embodied, WIBM as spatial and WIBM's tacit mode. The paper's contribution is to detail the potential of WIBM's modes as a method of place-making in urban settings among migrant groups.
From the Welfare State to the Carceral State: Whither Social Reproduction?
Authors: Abramovitz Mimi
Published: November 2022

Historical, feminist scholarship demonstrates that the welfare state underwrote the work of social reproduction, enabling procreation, socialization, sexuality, nurturance, and family maintenance. Carried out by families and other public and private social institutions, social reproduction includes making food, clothing, and shelter available for immediate consumption; ensuring the health and productivity of the current and future labor force; providing for people too old, too young, or too sick to care for themselves; and socializing family members. Historically, social reproduction includes both women's unpaid labor in the home and low-paid labor in the market and converts the wages of paid workers into the means of subsistence for the entire household. The economic crisis of the mid-1970s marked the end of the “golden age” of capitalism, and yielded neoliberal politics that sought to undo the redistributive elements of the New Deal and the Great Society. It called for a smaller state, greater reliance on market forces, and reduced expenditure on family maintenance. This article, a reprint of a 2017 book chapter, explores the crisis in social reproduction in the United States that surfaced with the rise of neoliberalism and the “carceral state.”
A mechanism of tunable frequency splitting in electrostatically actuated circular plates
Authors: Das Mainakh , Bhushan Anand
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we address a new mechanism of frequency splitting of vibration modes in electrostatically actuated perfectly flat submicron circular nanoplates. The splitting is generated by actuating the nanoplate through asymmetric electrostatic force. We have found that the same natural frequency of two degenerated modes of a circular nanoplate splits into two distinct natural frequencies after applying asymmetric electrostatic force. Further, the frequency difference of the splitted modes can be tuned by varying the magnitude of electrostatic actuation force. Finite element analysis has been used to demonstrate this frequency splitting behaviour. The nature of this type of splitting phenomenon is also compared with frequency splitting of imperfect plates and found significantly different. We also study the effects of geometrical parameters and residual stress on this voltage actuation based frequency splitting behaviour.
Transcriptomic and proteomic characteristics of the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced sperm dna damage mouse model
Authors: Zhang Chenming , Wang Zulong , Chen Rubing , Wang Shiqi , Zhang Hao , Ma Sicheng , Hua Zhong
Published: November 2022

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most common organic pollutants and is added to various plastic products as a plasticizer. DEHP oxidative metabolite content in the human body is associated with DNA damage in sperm and decreased testosterone levels in blood. In this study, a DEHP-induced sperm DNA damage mouse model was replicated and improved, and the transcriptomic and proteomic characteristics of the model were observed. Male mice in the two groups were exposed to DEHP 1 g/kg/d or the same amount of normal saline for 60 days, and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was detected by a sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The mRNA and protein expression profiles of the testis were detected by RNA-seq and data-independent acquisition (DIA). The sperm DFI of the DEHP group was significantly increased. Compared with the control group, 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2147 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), such as Lamb2, Ahnak, Tkt, Dnah8 and Tbl2, were found in the DEHP group. These genes were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our results showed that DEHP 1 g/kg/d can induce sperm DNA damage in a male mouse model after 60 days of intragastric administration. The reproductive toxicity of DEHP may be related to metabolic pathways in cancer and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Rating Dyspnea and Pain: “No” is Not Always “Zero”
Authors: Baker Kathy M. , Phelan Alison M , Reilly Jennifer B , Lansing Robert W. , Schwartzstein Richard M , Banzett Robert B.
Published: November 2022

Nurses routinely assess pain in hospitalized patients; similar assessment of dyspnea is increasing. Most nurses start with a yes–no question when assessing pain or dyspnea; many record “no” as a zero rating, skipping the rating scale. We tested the hypothesis that recording “no” answers as “zero” fails to detect the symptoms that would have been detected with a rating scale. Nurses asked 60 patients yes–no questions about the presence of dyspnea and pain, then asked patients to rate the symptoms using a 0–10 scale. All “yes” answers were followed by a concordant rating (i.e., greater than zero). More than 25% of “no” answers were followed by a discordant rating (> zero). Documenting “no” as “zero” missed information potentially useful in care planning; patients who rate dyspnea above zero are at greater risk of adverse outcomes. This information can also provide opportunity to start a discussion with patients who may benefit from symptom management.
Preprocedural Electrophysiological Monitoring in Craniofacial Surgery for a Patient with Chiari Malformation
Authors: Tucker Alexander M. , Madsen Peter J. , Coyle Anne M. , King Hunter , Zahner Cristina , Lang Shih-Shan , Taylor Jesse A. , Heuer Gregory G.
Published: November 2022

Head and neck positioning is a key element of craniofacial reconstructive surgery and can become challenging when intervention necessitates broad exposure of the calvarium. We present a case of craniosynostosis secondary to Apert's syndrome requiring anterior and posterior cranial vault access during surgical correction. A modified sphinx position was used that required significant neck extension. The patient had concurrent Chiari I malformation with brain stem compression so intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) was used to ensure that there were no negative effects on the neural elements with positioning. This highlights benefits of IONM in a setting not typically associated with its use.
Under-Documented or Under-Recognized? Comorbid ADHD in Emergency Department Patients With Addictive Disorders
Authors: Hale Elijah W. , Coyle Tyler D.
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

We sought to examine rates of comorbid ADHD and SUD/AUD using a nationally representative dataset, and to compare this data with established estimates. We hoped to increase available research on ADHD within patients with SUD/AUD.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).

Results:

The data showed less than 1% of comorbid ADHD in either AUD or SUD, and prevalence of 0.6% in patients with both. Our estimated prevalence of ADHD among SUD/AUD patients is more than 30-fold smaller than the 25% consensus.

Conclusion:

The stark difference between our data and prior research indicates a need for further examination of the prevalence of ADHD within acute care. This finding of a large reservoir of ADHD that is unrecognized or undocumented indicates a substantive need for ADHD-focused education with opportunity for improvement in patient treatment.
The effect of trunnionosis on the risk of re-revision following femoral head exchange in hip arthroplasty
Authors: Osan Jessica , Pabbruwe Moreica , Kop Alan , Joyce Alex , Vlaskovsky Phil , Salasi Mobin , Kuster Markus
Published: November 2022

Background:

Fretting corrosion at modular junctions contributes to arthroplasty failure. Currently, no evidence-based guidelines are available regarding the acceptable level of trunnion corrosion that can occur in vivo. We aimed to examine the relationship between trunnion corrosion and risk of re-revision to assist surgeons with intraoperative decision making.

Method:

Grading by 3 independent examiners of revised and re-revised head components was performed using a modified Goldberg corrosion scale. Samples were separated into low-grade (LG) and high-grade (HG) corrosion. Mechanical testing determined the relationship between corrosion severity and pull-off strength at the head-stem junction.

Results:

529 retrieved femoral heads were analysed. A positive association was detected between males and HG corrosion (OR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.45–2.94; p < 0.001). No difference between the survivorship of LG and HG heads was detected ( p-value = 0.247). In the re-revised sample, the first implant had a time in situ that was on average 7.97 years longer (95% CI, 5.4–10.6) than that of the subsequent re-revised femoral head. Severe corrosion on the first head was associated with a 37.5 (95% CI, 4.00–1944) fold increase of HG on the subsequent head ( p < 0.001). Femoral disassembly force had a positive correlation with stem taper corrosion grade ( p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

A well-fixed stem with corrosion may remain in situ.
Quantifying Impacts of Future Climate on the Crop Water Requirement, Growth Period, and Drought on the Agricultural Watershed, in Ethiopia
Authors: Abraham Tesfalem , Muluneh Alemayehu
Published: November 2022

Quantifying the influence of climate change on the crop growth period, water requirement, and drought conditions is essential for integrated crop production system planning. In this study, the effects of climate models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Product (CMIP5) on Crop Water Requirement (CWR), Length of Growth Period (LGP), and drought conditions were quantified for Lake Hawassa watershed in Ethiopia. In this study, two regional climate models were selected that showed better performance on the evaluation criteria after applying a quantile mapping bias correction procedure. The impact analysis was conducted for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5). Drought analysis was performed using the standardized anomalies of rainfall (S-index). The future growing season of the area is projected to be between April 15 and May 1 on average for all years. The total crop water requirement was projected to increase to a value of 3,258.7 mm on average under both the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for all the stages at the end of 2080s from its baseline value of 3,180.4 mm. In addition, the drought forecast analysis shows extreme drought with S-index values <−1.6 in the 2050s and 2080s under RCP 8.5. Of all the time periods, the 2050s recorded the smallest number of years (10 out of 30 years) with a positive S-index value, indicating projected precipitation shortages during these time periods under RCP 8.5. With this result, the combined impacts of climate change on crop production factors are expected to be high in the region. The results suggest an early warning for the study region considering low economic and technological development as in many developing parts of the world. Therefore, understanding the future changes in climate variables and their impacts can be an important input for developing a better plan for adaptation and mitigation measures.
Recent Update on Immunotherapy and Its Combination With Interventional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Jin-Tao , Zhang Shuai , Yang Yi-Han , Zhang Zi-Chen , Jiang Nan , Li Wan-Ci , Shen Jian , Zhong Bin-Yan , Zhu Xiao-Li
Published: November 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly malignancies worldwide. Approximately, 80% of patients are initially diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages, which means that curative therapies are unable to be performed. In most cases, systemic treatment is ineffective, especially when conventional cytotoxic agents are used. Sorafenib has been the only systemic agent proven to be effective in treating advanced HCC for over a decade. The rapid development of immunotherapy has remarkably revolutionized the management of advanced HCC. Besides, the combination of immunotherapy with molecular targeted agents or locoregional treatments is emerging as an effective tool for enhancing immunity. In the review, an overview of immunotherapy and its combination therapies for HCC is presented.
Systemic issues with narratives of identity: Toxicity and esports media professionals
Authors: Felczak Mateusz
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to highlight structural issues concerning the conduct of esports media professionals and their work as social media influencers. The data selected for this study include footage from social media and digital streaming platforms, with spatial analysis serving as a primary theoretical scaffolding to support the paper’s rationale. The systemic nature of self-perpetuating circulation of contentious media-related content is observed through the assessment of three case studies which feature various discourses of identity concerning players, media professionals and the audience alike. The paper discusses personal media branding strategies and the perceived role of esports media professionals in the esports communities, the proliferation of ‘reversed safe space’ serving as an element of strengthening the media presence and the discrepancies between the accepted codes of conduct in the various esports-related media.
A Bergsonian analysis of time in qualitative research: Understanding lived experiences of street homeless people in Moscow
Authors: McDonough Brian , Stephenson Svetlana
Published: November 2022

Understanding of how time is experienced is essential when conducting qualitative research. This article explores how time seemingly stands still, speeds up, slows down, rewinds and fast-forwards for the participants in our qualitative investigations. Drawing upon interview data with street homeless people in Moscow, Russia, this article examines the ways in which time is contextualized and used by research participants to make sense of their everyday experiences and important events in their lives. There is a tendency to understand time by measuring it, rather than seeing it as something within which lived experience happens and qualitative research is carried out. Drawing on Bergson’s conception of time as duration, this article examines the ways in which time can be distinctively used and understood within qualitative research.
The Testing Effect in the Lecture Hall: Does it Depend on Learner Prerequisites?
Authors: Glaser Julia , Richter Tobias
Published: November 2022

The benefits of practice testing for long-term learning are well established in many contexts. However, little is known about learner characteristics that might moderate its effectiveness. The effects of practice tests might depend on individual prerequisites for learning, especially in real-world educational settings. We explored whether the effects of practice testing in a regular university lecture would depend on cognitive (e.g., prior knowledge), motivational (e.g., learning motivation), or emotional (test anxiety) dispositions. We implemented an experimental intervention design in psychology courses for teacher students ( N  =  208). One week before the lecture, focal learner characteristics were assessed. Immediately after the lecture, participants completed an online review session with short-answer questions (practice testing with corrective feedback) or summarizing statements (restudy), alternating within each participant. One week later, retention of learning contents was assessed with a criterial test containing short-answer and multiple-choice questions. A testing effect emerged (ηp²  =  .07), with better retention for the tested compared with the restudied contents. Some learner characteristics affected learning outcomes, but no interactions with testing vs. restudy occurred. These results suggest that the testing effect in the university classroom is a robust phenomenon that benefits learning irrespective of primary individual learning prerequisites.
Use of drug-eluting, balloon-expandable resolute onyx coronary stent as a novel treatment strategy for vertebral artery ostial stenosis: Case series
Authors: Lim Jaims , Baig Ammad A , Aguirre Alexander O , Cappuzzo Justin M , Vakharia Kunal , Rho Kyungduk , Waqas Muhammad , Monteiro Andre , Fretz Thomas J , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Vertebral artery (VA) ostial stenosis is notoriously difficult to treat using bare-metal stents owing to high rates of restenosis and stent kinking and breakage. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of treatment with a drug-eluting, balloon-expandable coronary stent (Resolute Onyx, Medtronic).

Methods

Our prospectively maintained database was retrospectively searched for consecutive patients diagnosed with VA ostial stenosis who underwent Resolute Onyx stenting with/without angioplasty between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2022. Patient demographics and clinical and radiographic presentations were recorded. Occlusion location, stenosis severity, contralateral disease, devices used, and intraprocedural and postprocedural complications were noted. Outcomes were assessed based on new or recurrent stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Patients were followed up clinically and with radiographic imaging for in-stent stenosis.

Results

Twenty-six patients were included in our study (21 men [80.8%]; mean age 70.3 ± 9.8 years). Symptomatic patients presented with TIA (11/26, 42.3%) and stroke (10/26; 38.5%). Mean stenosis in the study cohort was 74.9 ± 13.0%. One (3.8%) intraprocedural complication was encountered whereby the stent failed to open despite several attempts and was exchanged with a new one without issues. No in-hospital postprocedure stroke, TIA, or mortality was reported. During a mean 16.2 ± 13.6 months’ follow up, two patients developed symptomatic in-stent restenosis that was treated with balloon angioplasty.

Conclusions

We report the first case series of Resolute Onyx drug-eluting stenting including 30-day postprocedure stroke/TIA rates and clinical/radiographic follow up and demonstrate safe and effective treatment of symptomatic and asymptomatic VA ostial stenosis.
Defining psychosocial strength and conditioning coaching competencies: A participatory action research approach
Authors: Callary Bettina , Gearity Brian T , Eagles Kimberley , Szedlak Christoph
Published: November 2022

Strength and conditioning (S&C) practitioners need to know and apply varying and diverse psychosocial competencies in their practice. The definitions of psychosocial coaching competencies are poorly understood and multiple interpretations exist. The purpose of this study was to define psychosocial S&C practice terms (i.e. pedagogical, philosophical, psychological, sociocultural) from the perspectives of S&C researchers and practitioners. Using a participatory action research approach, qualitative data were collected from 13 researchers and 30 stakeholders with the United Kingdom Strength and Conditioning Association (UKSCA). A qualitative summative content analysis was used to analyze the researchers’ and UKSCA stakeholders’ definitions of psychosocial competencies. Pedagogical competencies were defined related to the themes of instruction, learning, skill acquisition, feedback, and design structure. Philosophical competencies were defined related to themes of beliefs, values, and style. Psychological competencies were defined related to communication, mindset, relationships, motivation, emotions, learning, and behavior. Sociocultural competencies were defined related to sport norms, understanding differences and different backgrounds, adapting to culture, and coaching behavior and biases. Significant differences existed between researchers’ and practitioners’ definitions of these terms, particularly with pedagogical, philosophical, and sociocultural competencies. Practitioners often associated psychological coaching competencies with subject matter outside of biophysical knowledge or many aspects spanning diverse social and behavioral sciences.
A sequential two-stage approach based on variational Bayesian inference for reliability-redundancy allocation
Authors: Ling Chunyan , Lei Jingzhe , Kuo Way
Published: November 2022

The reliability-related design has been a crucial chain in complex and reliability-critical engineering systems. It serves as a preventive countermeasure to catastrophic failures caused by uncertainties. To keep up with this rapidly developing field, this paper presents a novel metaheuristic, based on the variational Bayesian inference (VBI) to efficiently solve the optimal reliability design. Specifically, the reliability-redundancy allocation problem (RRAP). The proposed metaheuristic starts from a primary population, then leverages VBI to fully excavate the information of feasible individuals from the previous generation, in order to produce the next-generation population. This process is iterated until the solution converges to the optimal decision scheme. In addition, we set up an automatic stratification strategy, so that the new individuals can approach the optimal solution faster. Furthermore, we divide RRAP into a reliability optimization problem (ROP) and a redundancy allocation problem (RAP). This not only reduces the dimension of decision variables, but also speeds up the convergence. ROP and RAP are solved sequentially and iteratively until the preset stopping condition is satisfied. The case studies showcase that the proposed approach can obtain the optimal or near-optimal solution within a reasonable period.
Contemporary review of heart transplant immunology and immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Anbalakan Kamalesh , Chew Kenneth M , Loh Julian K , Sim David , Lai Siang Hui , Teo Loon Yee Louis
Published: November 2022

Background

Survival after heart transplantation (HT) has improved considerably since the first HT was performed in 1967 in Cape Town, South Africa. Understanding immunology behind organ rejection has paved way for advances in the assessment of pre-transplant compatibility, development of newer and more specific immunosuppressive drugs, and management of rejection.

Objectives

Unlike medical therapy for heart failure, transplant protocols vary considerably between different centers. These variations in protocols generally reflect unique population characteristics and the availability of resources. This review article aims to provide a consolidated update on contemporary cardiac transplant medicine. We also aim to highlight local practice and its difference from our international counterparts.

Methods

A literature search was performed on Pubmed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify trials and review articles that discussed heart transplant immunology and protocols. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant (ISHLT) guidelines were also reviewed. We focused on risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment of cardiac rejection.

Results

A total of 48 articles were selected to provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary practice of cardiac transplant immunosuppressive therapy. Comparisons were made with local data and practice protocols to highlight key differences.

Conclusion

Heart transplant covers a small subset of cardiac patients and much of the evidence is derived from empirical observations and retrospective analysis. This accounts for the heterogeneity in care and treatment protocols. More studies are needed to select best practices from around the world to further improve outcomes.
Mechanical behavior of different fiber lengths mix-proportions carbon fiber reinforced concrete subjected to static, impact, and blast loading
Authors: Li Yeou-Fong , Ramanathan Gobinathan Kadagathur , Syu Jin-Yuan , Huang Chih-Hong , Tsai Ying-Kuan
Published: November 2022

Impact and blast wave loadings act as high instant energy and might cause damage to reinforced concrete infrastructures. This research aims to investigate the effect of using different length proportions of carbon fiber on the mechanical behaviors of concrete. Moreover, in this study, original carbon fiber and sizing-removed carbon fiber were added into concrete with different mix-proportions. The sizing on the carbon fiber surface was removed by using heat-treated method. In addition, the carbon fiber was dispersed by a high-pressure air compressor. Lengths of 12 mm and 24 mm carbon fibers were used in different mix-proportions to find the highest mechanical strength of carbon fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC) under a 1% fiber-to-cement weight ratio. Compressive, flexural, and impact tests were conducted on CFRC specimens. The CFRC specimen with 50% 12 mm and 50% 24 mm sizing-removed carbon fiber attained the highest impact resistance, and it also had the best performance under blast wave loading compared with the other CFRC specimens. The broken CFRC specimens were examined by an optical microscope to identify the failure mode of the carbon fibers in CFRC specimens. The addition of 50% 12 mm and 50% 24 mm sizing-removed carbon fiber can significantly improve the compressive and flexural strength of reinforced concrete.
Treatment’s Role in Clinical and Perceived Recoveries from Mental Illness
Authors: Thoits Peggy A.
Published: November 2022

How mental health treatment relates to clinical and perceived recoveries is examined with the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, drawing from treatment-seeking and labeling theories. Clinical recovery and perceived recoveries were assessed among adult respondents who had a lifetime major depressive episode and reported ever having a mental health problem ( N = 5,628). The “probably well” (with no current care need nor treatment involvement), individuals with unmet treatment needs, voluntary patients, and involuntary patients were contrasted. Compared with the high recovery rates of the “probably well,” individuals with unmet care needs had low clinical and perceived recoveries, and voluntary patients had low clinical but high perceived recoveries, supporting treatment-seeking predictions. With current distress symptoms controlled, involuntary patients’ perceived recovery rates were identical to “probably well” and voluntary patients,’ counter to labeling predictions. Because recovery perceptions may encourage (or weaken) treatment continuation, they warrant further research.
New Insights in Psychological Processes: Introduction to the Special Issue on COVID-19 and Mental Health
Authors: Liu Cindy H. , Rodebaugh Thomas L. , Saxbe Darby E.
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has taken an enormous global toll, including loss of life, economic upheaval, and social disruption. This strong induction of effects across both societal and individual levels provides opportunities for testing fundamental assumptions within biopsychosocial phenomena that would not have been otherwise possible—or at least not ethical—through human-induced experimental designs. Our special issue spotlights research within psychological science that has stayed in step with the complex set of events we refer to as “the pandemic.” We review articles with novel approaches that speak to the variable effects of pandemic experiences across different groups of people, the impact of the pandemic on social support and social infrastructures, and the inequities and violations of justice that the pandemic has revealed. We conclude by highlighting future directions for psychological research.
Imaging Diagnosis, Prevalence, and Clinical Outcomes of Arthroscopic Surgery for Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Impingement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Naomi , Kamono Emi , Yamamoto Yuya , Yukizawa Yohei , Honda Hideki , Takagawa Shu , Misumi Toshihiro , Inaba Yutaka
Published: November 2022

Background:

Subspine impingement, or anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) impingement, is a type of extra-articular pathology associated with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and often requires subsequent arthroscopic surgery.

Purpose:

To examine the diagnostic accuracy, prevalence, and clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment for AIIS impingement.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 checklist was applied. We searched for studies on the prevalence, diagnostic accuracy, and results of surgical treatment for AIIS impingement. For each included study, data synthesis and statistical analysis were performed to identify pooled prevalence, calculate clinical outcome scores, and estimate adverse events. The QUADAS (a quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies) was used to assess the quality of the diagnostic accuracy studies, and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Nonrandomized Studies was used to assess the quality of the studies on arthroscopic treatment efficacy.

Results:

Out of an initial 791 studies, 23 were included. AIIS impingement was diagnosed by plain radiography with 76% to 86% sensitivity, 3-dimensional computed tomography with 80% to 81.8% sensitivity, magnetic resonance imaging with 80% sensitivity, and ultrasound with 92.5% sensitivity. For patients who underwent hip arthroscopy, the pooled prevalence of AIIS impingement was 18%. Significant improvement between pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes was observed: 25.75 points for the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), 46.88 points for the Hip Outcome Score–Sport subscale, 20.85 points for the Nonarthritic Hip Score, and -2.92 points for the pain visual analog scale. The minimal clinically important difference on the mHHS was exceeded by 94% of patients. The pooled incidence of surgical complications was 1%. Of 6 included studies on diagnostic accuracy, 2 were identified as having a low risk of bias, and 4 included >2 factors with a high risk of bias. All 9 included studies on treatment outcomes had at least 1 factor with a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:

Several imaging modalities assist in the diagnosis of AIIS impingement. The overall prevalence of AIIS impingement in patients that underwent hip arthroscopy was 18%. Clinical outcomes after arthroscopic AIIS decompression were generally favorable, with a relatively low rate of surgical complications.
The Role of the Medial Meniscus in Anterior Knee Stability
Authors: Shiwaku Kousuke , Kamiya Tomoaki , Suzuki Daisuke , Yamakawa Satoshi , Otsubo Hidenori , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Takahashi Katsunori , Okada Yohei , Teramoto Atsushi , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Fujie Hiromichi , Yamashita Toshihiko
Published: November 2022

Background:

Few studies have compared the force distribution between the anterolateral, posterolateral, and medial structures of the knee.

Purpose:

To investigate the important structures in an intact knee contributing to force distribution in response to anterior tibial load.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens underwent robotic testing. First, 100 N of anterior tibial load was applied to the intact knee at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), anterolateral capsule, lateral collateral ligament, popliteal tendon, posterior root of the lateral meniscus, superficial medial collateral ligament, posterior root of the medial meniscus (MM), and posterior cruciate ligament were then completely transected in sequential order. After each transection, the authors reproduced the intact knee motion when a 100-N anterior tibial load was applied. By applying the principle of superposition, the resultant force of each structure was determined based on the 6 degrees of freedom force/torque data of each state.

Results:

At every measured knee flexion angle, the resultant force of the ACL was the largest of the tested structures. At knee flexion angles of 60° and 90°, the resultant force of the MM was larger than that of all other structures with the exception of the ACL.

Conclusion:

The MM was identified as playing an important role in response to anterior tibial load at 60° and 90° of flexion.

Clinical Relevance:

In clinical settings, the ACL of patients with a poorly functioning MM, such as tear of the MM posterior root, should be monitored considering the large resultant force in response to an anterior tibial load.