bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attributional style, positive illusory bias, and self-concept of children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese  University of Hong Kong, F. Y. SIU Angela , YAN Z. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, C. HO F. ,   Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Special Education and Counseling, The Education University of Hong Kong
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the positive illusory bias, attribution of success and failure, and self-concept of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The participants were 85 primaryschool children, 45 of whom had been diagnosed with ADHD. The remaining 40 children made up the matched sample. The children in both groups were asked to work on two problem-solving tasks, one designated as ―easy‖ and the other as ―difficult,‖ and then to explain their success or failure in each task. A questionnaire was used to gather data on the children’s self-concept. Analysis of the children’s attributions of success and failure revealed no significant interaction between the groups (with ADHD vs. without ADHD) and locus of control (internal vs. external). However, children with ADHD tended to use external factors to explain their success, whereas those who did not have ADHD more frequently attributed their success to internal factors. Compared with children who did not have ADHD, children with ADHD scored much higher on various domains of self-concept, supporting recent findings on positive illusory bias. A Rasch analysis of the psychometric properties of the self-concept scale confirmed its suitability for use with the sample under study. Future research directions and practical implications are discussed.
Dilemma and Challenges of Early Education Inclusion in Schools of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors:   Research Associate, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, Singh Deepshikha
Published: May 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to present the specific dilemma and challenges experienced by teachers while practicing early education inclusion of young children with disabilities in the context of preschools and primary schools in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The paper attempts to bring to light the important contextual realities of early education teachers‟ attitudes and practices towards inclusion of young children with disabilities. Examining the contextual realities of early education inclusion in schools of the capital city of Uttar Pradesh has implications to press forward the policy and programme level improvements to widely promote early intervention and early education inclusion at the State level. Based on the findings of this study, the paper presents an outline to counteract the existing indifference among teachers to include children with disabilities in early education settings. The paper is based on qualitative research design and the methods used included open-ended interview of teachers and observation in selected school settings. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data from interviews and observation.
Livro de artista ou livro-obra como uma estratégia de formação: relato de uma experiência
Authors: Silva Michael Santos , Stollar Vanessa , Bussolotti Juliana Marcondes
Published: May 2023

Este relato de experiência está centrado na análise de um episódio formativo acerca do processo de produção de um livro-obra como objeto de estudo durante a licenciatura em Artes Visuais. Propõe-se discutir sobre a ação de reflexão em relação à construção do conhecimento profissional docente. Do ponto de vista teórico, os estudos apoiam-se no método autobiográfico embasando a presente investigação a partir de Bueno (2002). Para realizar esta pesquisa, foi utilizada a narrativa de episódio formativo de um livro de artista construído para relatar a escolha profissional como estudante de licenciatura em Artes Visuais. A partir da análise apresentada, nota-se a relevância da subjetividade como modo de construção e de reconstrução de saberes. Destaca a importância de propostas e de ações formativas capazes de relacionar a teoria com a história de vida dos sujeitos-participantes.
Assessment of the stability of mercury concentration in municipal waste using data science tools
Authors: Jędrusiak Radosław , Chuchro Monika , Bielowicz Barbara , Gielar Agnieszka
Published: May 2023

Mercury and its compounds are among the most dangerous and toxic substances in the environment. As part of the study, several analyses and tests were conducted to demonstrate low and stable mercury content in municipal waste. A statistical analysis of the mercury content in waste (waste codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01) was carried out using advanced IT tools. Based on 32 results for each waste, the maximum mercury concentration was 0.062 mg/kg dry weight (EWC Code 19 12 12) and 0.052 mg/kg dry weight (EWC waste code 20 03 01). The analysis, data inference, and modeling were performed according to the CRISP-dm methodology. The results obtained were compared with the maximum allowable mercury concentrations for agricultural soils (2 mg/kg dry weight) and the provisions of the Minamata Convention (1 mg/kg). The average, median, and maximum observed mercury concentrations in waste are significantly lower than the assumed levels of 2 mg/kg (permissible concentrations for II-1 soils) and 1 mg/kg (Minamata Convention). The stability of mercury content in waste was examined. Descriptive statistics, statistical tests, and regression modeling were used. The tests and analyses performed showed insignificant variation in the mercury content of the wastes with codes 19 12 12 and 20 03 01. No trend or seasonality was observed. The analyses and tests performed confirmed that the data are stable, and the values are low.
linc-mipep and linc-wrb encode micropeptides that regulate chromatin accessibility in vertebrate-specific neural cells
Authors: Tornini Valerie A , Miao Liyun , Lee Ho-Joon , Gerson Timothy , Dube Sarah E , Schmidt Valeria , Kroll François , Tang Yin , Du Katherine , Kuchroo Manik , Vejnar Charles E , Bazzini Ariel Alejandro , Krishnaswamy Smita , Rihel Jason , Giraldez Antonio J
Published: May 2023

Thousands of long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are transcribed throughout the vertebrate genome. A subset of lincRNAs enriched in developing brains have recently been found to contain cryptic open-reading frames and are speculated to encode micropeptides. However, systematic identification and functional assessment of these transcripts have been hindered by technical challenges caused by their small size. Here, we show that two putative lincRNAs (linc-mipep, also called lnc-rps25, and linc-wrb) encode micropeptides with homology to the vertebrate-specific chromatin architectural protein, Hmgn1, and demonstrate that they are required for development of vertebrate-specific brain cell types. Specifically, we show that NMDA receptor-mediated pathways are dysregulated in zebrafish lacking these micropeptides and that their loss preferentially alters the gene regulatory networks that establish cerebellar cells and oligodendrocytes – evolutionarily newer cell types that develop postnatally in humans. These findings reveal a key missing link in the evolution of vertebrate brain cell development and illustrate a genetic basis for how some neural cell types are more susceptible to chromatin disruptions, with implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and disease.
‘Skeletal Age’ for mapping the impact of fracture on mortality
Authors: Tran Thach , Ho-Le Thao , Bliuc Dana , Abrahamsen Bo , Hansen Louise , Vestergaard Peter , Center Jacqueline R , Nguyen Tuan V
Published: May 2023

Background:

Fragility fracture is associated with an increased risk of mortality, but mortality is not part of doctor-patient communication. Here, we introduce a new concept called ‘Skeletal Age’ as the age of an individual’s skeleton resulting from a fragility fracture to convey the combined risk of fracture and fracture-associated mortality for an individual.

Methods:

We used the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register which includes the whole-country data of 1,667,339 adults in Denmark born on or before January 1, 1950, who were followed up to December 31, 2016 for incident low-trauma fracture and mortality. Skeletal age is defined as the sum of chronological age and the number of years of life lost (YLL) associated with a fracture. Cox’s proportional hazards model was employed to determine the hazard of mortality associated with a specific fracture for a given risk profile, and the hazard was then transformed into YLL using the Gompertz law of mortality.

Results:

During the median follow-up period of 16 years, there had been 307,870 fractures and 122,744 post-fracture deaths. A fracture was associated with between 1 and 7 years of life lost, with the loss being greater in men than women. Hip fractures incurred the greatest loss of life years. For instance, a 60-year-old individual with a hip fracture is estimated to have a skeletal age of 66 for men and 65 for women. Skeletal Age was estimated for each age and fracture site stratified by gender.

Conclusions:

We propose ‘Skeletal Age’ as a new metric to assess the impact of a fragility fracture on an individual’s life expectancy. This approach will enhance doctor-patient risk communication about the risks associated with osteoporosis.

Funding:

National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia and Amgen Competitive Grant Program 2019.
Are single-peaked tuning curves tuned for speed rather than accuracy?
Authors: Lenninger Movitz , Skoglund Mikael , Herman Pawel Andrzej , Kumar Arvind
Published: May 2023

According to the efficient coding hypothesis, sensory neurons are adapted to provide maximal information about the environment, given some biophysical constraints. In early visual areas, stimulus-induced modulations of neural activity (or tunings) are predominantly single-peaked. However, periodic tuning, as exhibited by grid cells, has been linked to a significant increase in decoding performance. Does this imply that the tuning curves in early visual areas are sub-optimal? We argue that the time scale at which neurons encode information is imperative to understand the advantages of single-peaked and periodic tuning curves, respectively. Here, we show that the possibility of catastrophic (large) errors creates a trade-off between decoding time and decoding ability. We investigate how decoding time and stimulus dimensionality affect the optimal shape of tuning curves for removing catastrophic errors. In particular, we focus on the spatial periods of the tuning curves for a class of circular tuning curves. We show an overall trend for minimal decoding time to increase with increasing Fisher information, implying a trade-off between accuracy and speed. This trade-off is reinforced whenever the stimulus dimensionality is high, or there is ongoing activity. Thus, given constraints on processing speed, we present normative arguments for the existence of the single-peaked tuning organization observed in early visual areas.
Local angiogenic interplay of Vegfc/d and Vegfa controls brain region-specific emergence of fenestrated capillaries
Authors: Parab Sweta , Card Olivia A , Chen Qiyu , America Michelle , Buck Luke D , Quick Rachael E , Horrigan William F , Levkowitz Gil , Vanhollebeke Benoit , Matsuoka Ryota L
Published: May 2023

Fenestrated and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-forming endothelial cells constitute major brain capillaries, and this vascular heterogeneity is crucial for region-specific neural function and brain homeostasis. How these capillary types emerge in a brain region-specific manner and subsequently establish intra-brain vascular heterogeneity remains unclear. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of vascularization across the zebrafish choroid plexuses (CPs), circumventricular organs (CVOs), and retinal choroid, and show common angiogenic mechanisms critical for fenestrated brain capillary formation. We found that zebrafish deficient for Gpr124, Reck, or Wnt7aa exhibit severely impaired BBB angiogenesis without any apparent defect in fenestrated capillary formation in the CPs, CVOs, and retinal choroid. Conversely, genetic loss of various Vegf combinations caused significant disruptions in Wnt7/Gpr124/Reck signaling-independent vascularization of these organs. The phenotypic variation and specificity revealed heterogeneous endothelial requirements for Vegfs-dependent angiogenesis during CP and CVO vascularization, identifying unexpected interplay of Vegfc/d and Vegfa in this process. Mechanistically, expression analysis and paracrine activity-deficient vegfc mutant characterization suggest that endothelial cells and non-neuronal specialized cell types present in the CPs and CVOs are major sources of Vegfs responsible for regionally restricted angiogenic interplay. Thus, brain region-specific presentations and interplay of Vegfc/d and Vegfa control emergence of fenestrated capillaries, providing insight into the mechanisms driving intra-brain vascular heterogeneity and fenestrated vessel formation in other organs.
Double layer steganography technique using DNA sequences and images
Authors: Aljahdali Asia Othman , Al-Harbi Omnia Abdullah
Published: May 2023

Information security has become increasingly challenging as a result of massive advancements in information and communication technologies. Due to the necessity of exchanging private information and the open nature of the network, there is an increased risk of various types of attacks. Consequently, data security is an essential component of data communication. One of the most effective methods used to achieve secrecy is steganography. This method hides data within a cover object without raising suspicion. The level of security is improved when two steganography methods are combined. This approach is known as multilevel steganography, which hides sensitive data in two cover objects in order to provide a two-level security system. Accordingly, we developed a technique that focuses on protecting secrecy while also being robust to attacks. The new technique uses a multi-layer steganography mechanism by using DNA sequences and images as carriers for sensitive data. The technique intends to hide secret messages in the DNA using the substation algorithm, and then the fake DNA is embedded in an image utilizing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) method. Eventually, the stego image is sent to the intended recipient. Different types of images with different sizes and lengths of messages and DNA sequences were used during the experiments. The results show that the proposed mechanism is resistant to histogram and chi-square attacks. The maximum mean value observed was 0.05, which means the histograms of the original and stego images are nearly identical, and the stego image does not raise any suspicion regarding the existence of secret information. In addition, the imperceptibility ratios were good, as the highest PSNR and MSE values were 0.078 and 72.2, respectively. Finally, the PNG and BMP images show excellent results. On the other hand, the JPG images failed to meet the expected ratio of imperceptibility and security.
Overcoming the IOTLB wall for multi-100-Gbps Linux-based networking
Authors: Farshin Alireza , Rizzo Luigi , Elmeleegy Khaled , Kostić Dejan
Published: May 2023

This article explores opportunities to mitigate the performance impact of IOMMU on high-speed network traffic, as used in the Linux kernel. We first characterize IOTLB behavior and its effects on recent Intel Xeon Scalable & AMD EPYC processors at 200 Gbps, by analyzing the impact of different factors contributing to IOTLB misses and causing throughput drop (up to 20% compared to the no-IOMMU case in our experiments). Secondly, we discuss and analyze possible mitigations, including proposals and evaluation of a practical hugepage-aware memory allocator for the network device drivers to employ hugepage IOTLB entries in the Linux kernel. Our evaluation shows that using hugepage-backed buffers can completely recover the throughput drop introduced by IOMMU. Moreover, we formulate a set of guidelines that enable network developers to tune their systems to avoid the “IOTLB wall”, i.e., the point where excessive IOTLB misses cause throughput drop. Our takeaways signify the importance of having a call to arms to rethink Linux-based I/O management at higher data rates.
Identification of immune-related genes in acute myocardial infarction based on integrated bioinformatical methods and experimental verification
Authors: Liu Jian , Chen Lu , Zheng Xiang , Guo Caixia
Published: May 2023

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The etiology of AMI is complex and has not been fully defined. In recent years, the role of immune response in the development, progression and prognosis of AMI has received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to identify key genes associated with the immune response in AMI and to analyze their immune infiltration.

Methods

The study included a total of two GEO databases, containing 83 patients with AMI and 54 healthy individuals. We used the linear model of microarray data (limma) package to find the differentially expressed genes associated with AMI, performing weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) to further identify the genes associated with inflammatory response to AMI. We found the final hub genes through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model. To verify the above conclusions, we constructed mice AMI model, extracting myocardial tissue to perform qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the CIBERSORT tool for immune cells infiltration analysis was also carried out.

Results

A total of 5,425 significant up-regulated and 2,126 down-regulated genes were found in GSE66360 and GSE24519. A total of 116 immune-related genes in close association with AMI were screened by WGCNA analysis. These genes were mostly clustered in the immune response on the basis of GO and KEGG enrichment. With construction of PPI network and LASSO regression analysis, this research found three hub genes (SOCS2, FFAR2, MYO10) among these differentially expressed genes. The immune cell infiltration results revealed that significant differences could be found on T cells CD4 memory activated, Tregs (regulatory T cells), macrophages M2, neutrophils, T cells CD8, T cells CD4 naive, eosinophils between controls and AMI patients.
New genicular joint angle criteria for flexor muscle (Musculus Semimembranosus) during the terrestrial mammals walking
Authors: Mizuno Fumihiro , Kohno Naoki
Published: May 2023

Background

The genicular or knee joint angles of terrestrial mammals remain constant during the stance phase of walking; however, the angles differ among taxa. The knee joint angle is known to correlate with taxa and body mass among extant mammals, yet several extinct mammals, such as desmostylians, do not have closely related descendants. Furthermore, fossils lose their soft tissues by the time they are unearthed, making body mass estimates difficult. These factors cause significant problems when reconstructing the proper postures of extinct mammals. Terrestrial mammals use potential and kinetic energy for locomotion; particularly, an inverted pendulum mechanism is used for walking. This mechanism requires maintaining the rod length constant, therefore, terrestrial mammals maintain their joint angle in a small range. A muscle reaction referred to as co-contraction is known to increase joint stiffness; both the agonist and antagonist muscles work simultaneously on the same joint at the same time. Themusculus semimembranosusflexes the knee joint and acts as an antagonist to muscles that extend it.

Methods

Twenty-one species of terrestrial mammals were examined to identify the elements that constitute the angle between them.semimembranosusand the tibia based on the period between the hindlimb touching down and taking off from the ground. Measurements were captured from videos in high-speed mode (420 fps), selecting 13 pictures from the first 75% of each video while the animals were walking. The angles between the main force line of them. semimembranosusand the tibia, which were defined as θsm−t, were measured.

Results

The maximum and minimum angles between them. semimembranosusand the tibia (θsm−t) of the stance instance (SI) were successfully determined for more than 80% of the target animals (17 out of 21 species) during SI-1 to SI-13 within ±10° from the mean. The difference between each successive SI was small and, therefore, the θsm−ttransition was smooth. According to the results of the total stance differences among the target animals, θsm−twas relatively constant during a stance and, therefore, average θsm−t(θave) can represent each animal. Only Carnivora had a significant difference in the correlation between body mass and θave. In addition, there were significant differences in θavebetween plantigrade and unguligrade locomotion.

Conclusion

Our measurements show that θavewas 100 ± 10° regardless taxon, body mass, and locomotor mode. Thus, only three points on skeletons need to be measured to determine θave. This offers a new approximation approach for understanding hindlimb posture that could be applied to the study of the hindlimbs of extinct mammals with no closely related extant descendants.
Autistic traits are associated with individual differences in finger tapping: an online study
Authors: Messing Alycia , Apthorp Deborah
Published: May 2023

In a novel online study, we explored whether finger tapping differences are evident in people with autistic traits in the general population. We hypothesised that those with higher autistic traits would show more impairment in finger tapping, and that age would moderate tapping output. The study included a non-diagnosed population of 159 participants aged 18–78 who completed an online measure of autistic traits (the AQ-10) and a measure of finger tapping (the FTT). Results showed those with higher AQ-10 scores recorded lower tapping scores in both hands. Moderation analysis showed younger participants with more autistic traits recorded lower tapping scores for the dominant hand. This suggests motor differences seen in autism studies are evident in the general population.
Impact of mini-driver genes in the prognosis and tumor features of colorectal cancer samples: a novel perspective to support current biomarkers
Authors: Campos Segura Anthony Vladimir , Velásquez Sotomayor Mariana Belén , Gutiérrez Román Ana Isabel Flor , Ortiz Rojas César Alexander , Murillo Carrasco Alexis Germán
Published: May 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its development is associated with the gains and/or losses of genetic material, which leads to the emergence of main driver genes with higher mutational frequency. In addition, there are other genes with mutations that have weak tumor-promoting effects, known as mini-drivers, which could aggravate the development of oncogenesis when they occur together. The aim of our work was to use computer analysis to explore the survival impact, frequency, and incidence of mutations of possible mini-driver genes to be used for the prognosis of CRC.

Methods

We retrieved data from three sources of CRC samples using the cBioPortal platform and analyzed the mutational frequency to exclude genes with driver features and those mutated in less than 5% of the original cohort. We also observed that the mutational profile of these mini-driver candidates is associated with variations in the expression levels. The candidate genes obtained were subjected to Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, making a comparison between mutated and wild-type samples for each gene using a p-value threshold of 0.01.

Results

After gene filtering by mutational frequency, we obtained 159 genes of which 60 were associated with a high accumulation of total somatic mutations with Log2 (fold change) > 2 and p values < 10−5. In addition, these genes were enriched to oncogenic pathways such as epithelium-mesenchymal transition, hsa-miR-218-5p downregulation, and extracellular matrix organization. Our analysis identified five genes with possible implications as mini-drivers: DOCK3, FN1, PAPPA2, DNAH11, and FBN2. Furthermore, we evaluated a combined classification where CRC patients with at least one mutation in any of these genes were separated from the main cohort obtaining a p-value < 0.001 in the evaluation of CRC prognosis.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that the identification and incorporation of mini-driver genes in addition to known driver genes could enhance the accuracy of prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
Encuesta multinacional y transversal sobre las controversias del reemplazo de la raíz aórtica con conservación valvular
Authors: Fortunato Germán A. , Misfeld Martín , Tirone David , Feindel Christopher M. , Schäfers Hans-Joachim , Borger Michael A. , Coselli Joseph , Marenchino Ricardo , Kotowicz Vadim
Published: May 2023

Introducción: El reemplazo de la raíz aórtica con conservación valvular (valve-sparing aortic root replacement, VSAR) se haconsolidado como un procedimiento eficaz para el tratamiento del aneurisma de la raíz aórtica, el síndrome de Marfan, la válvulabicúspide y la disección aórtica. Sin embargo, es necesario llegar a una opinión unánime sobre los aspectos clave del VSAR.Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los debates y controversias más frecuentes del VSAR. A partirde esta información se elaboró una encuesta en línea que se envió a cirujanos con experiencia comprobada en VSAR paraconocer su opinión sobre los factores relacionados con los pacientes, los aspectos técnicos, la ecocardiografía, la investigación,la formación y el futuro del VSAR.Resultados: Veinte cirujanos completaron la encuesta. Según 14 de cada 20 encuestados, la fracción de eyección grave seconsideró una contraindicación para el llevar a cabo este procedimiento. El límite del diámetro del anillo aórtico para la remodelación fue heterogéneo entre los participantes. Todos ellos consideraron que el VSAR es un procedimiento seguro paralos pacientes con síndrome de Marfan y válvula bicúspide. En el caso de disección de tipo A, 11 de cada 20 prefirieron esteprocedimiento solo para los pacientes jóvenes. En lo que respecta al tamaño del injerto, la altura del triángulo intervalvar(8/20) y el diámetro sinotubular (7/20) fueron los más frecuentes. Los cirujanos informaron una tasa de fracaso del 7% en laconversión al procedimiento de Bentall, y un cambio de estrategia intraoperatoria del 26%. No se consideró que un abordajemínimamente invasivo mejorara los resultados. La mayoría de los cirujanos coincidieron en que el VSAR lo deben realizarcirujanos con mucha experiencia.Conclusiones: El VSAR ha sido aceptado como una opción terapéutica para el aneurisma de la raíz aórtica, y, aunque todavíano es posible llegar a un consenso definitivo, se presenta la valiosa experiencia de los cirujanos más destacados en este campo.
Optimización del tiempo puerta-balón mediante la implementación de un programa de mejora de procesos. Resultados a 5 años de funcionamiento
Authors: Furmento Juan , Candiello Alfonsina , Mascolo Pablo , Lamelas Pablo , Chapman Ian , Sigal Alan , Trivi Marcelo , Belardi Jorge , Costabel Juan Pablo
Published: May 2023

Introducción: de estar disponible, la angioplastia primaria (ATCp), en tiempos adecuados y en centros con experiencia, esla mejor estrategia de reperfusión para el infarto agudo de miocardio con supradesnivel del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Eltiempo puerta-balón (TPB) es una expresión de eficiencia operativa de la institución que realiza la ATCp, con impacto en laevolución del paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los resultados a largo plazo de un programa de mejora continuadel proceso TPB.Material y métodos: se incluyeron en forma prospectiva y consecutiva pacientes con diagnóstico de IAMCEST sometidos aATCp desde enero de 2015 a mayo de 2022. La población se dividió en dos períodos: período de implementación inmediata yperíodo de seguimiento a largo plazo.Resultados: se ingresaron 671 pacientes en forma prospectiva y consecutiva. En el primer período, de implementación, (P1),se incluyeron 91 pacientes, y en el segundo período, de seguimiento del programa, (P2), 580 pacientes. La mediana (rangointercuartilo, RIC) de TPB fue de 46 min (29-59) en P1 vs 42 min(25-52) en el P2, p = 0,055. En el segundo período se evidencióuna reducción de las preactivaciones (P1 54,1% vs P2 30%,p = 0,02) y los procedimientos on hours (42% en p1 vs 30%en P2, p = 0,029).Conclusión: el registro mostró el mantenimiento de los buenos resultados a largo plazo a pesar de una reducción de las preactivaciones y los procedimientos on hours.
Characteristics of the Household-Scale Fisheries Industry in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Junianto  , Ayuningtyas Astrid Puspita , Nuriyah Dita
Published: May 2023

Aims: The fact that level of fish consumption in Indonesia is relatively low in 2021 at 55.16 kg/capita compared to the fishery production which has reached 21,872,810.30 tonnes. One of the causes is the lack of various types of processed fishery products on the market which makes people tend to get bored consuming fishery products, one of the efforts that can be taken is to increase the household-scale fisheries industry. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on the characterization of the household-scale fisheries industry to determine its characteristics as well as to be used as a reference for increasing fish consumption in the future.

Study Design: A Case study.

Place and Duration of Study: Several areas in West Java, such as Sumedang Regency, Bogor Regency, Bandung City, and Depok City, 1 March 2023 - 31 March 2023 (1 month).

Methodology: This research was conducted by taking random samples and analyzing using descriptive analysis with 6 interviewees (4 men and 2 women).

Results: The procurement of raw materials is purchased by business owners at the nearest local market with cash payments and an open system. The use of the means of production is still simple. Own innovation recipe. Some have implemented a factory layout, some don't have a factory layout. Doing market segmentation properly, targeting all groups, products are distributed directly to consumers. Promotion techniques are carried out online following existing technological developments. Determine the cost-plus pricing method. The majority have competitors located around the industry.

Conclusion: The duration of opening a business and the level of education can affect a person's experience and understanding of doing business. Always prioritizing cleanliness, the quality of raw materials, the technology used, and the quality of the final product can affect the progress of an industrial business.
Effect of Mesotrione 40% SC on Weed Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sairam Gaini , Jha A. K. , Verma Badal , Porwal Muskan , Dubey Abhijeet , Meshram R. K.
Published: May 2023

Newer herbicides are required to reduce the losses cause by the weeds in maize crop. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 at Research Farm, AICRP on Forage Crops, Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) to study the effect of different weed management practices on productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with eight treatments (six herbicidal treatments with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check) replicated thrice. Observations were recorded for various weed parameters and crop growth parameters. All the weed management treatments significantly reduced the total weed density and total dry weight of weeds as compared to weedy check. Among herbicidal treatments, mesotrione 350 g ha-1 recorded the lowest total weed density and total dry weight of weeds as compared to other herbicides. While highest total weed density and total dry weight were recorded under weedy check treatment. Significantly higher growth parameters and yield attributing traits were recorded with the application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1 which resulted in higher grain and stover yields (2447.22 and 21804.72 kg ha-1) followed by mesotrione 300 g ha-1. Maximum net returns and Benefit: Cost ratio was also obtained with the application of mesotrione 350 g ha-1.
Heraldic investigations anent early Murray genealogy
Authors: McAndrew Bruce
Published: May 2023

A detailed analysis of the early sigillographic and heraldic data relating to the de Moravia/Murray family has been carried out. It has been concluded that the Murrays of Drumsargard were the senior line of their branch of the kindred, one which included the Murrays of Bothwell and the Murrays of Petty as cadet lines. Armory also throws light on the antecedents of Joanna Murray, the wife of Archibald the Grim, 3rd Earl of Douglas.
Argyll's Lodging, Stirling: recent archaeological excavations and historical analysis
Authors: Ewart Gordon , Gallagher Dennis , Harrison John
Published: May 2023

Excavation at Argyll's Lodging demonstrates the complex development of the present mansion from the early 17th century onwards, including its use as a military hospital. Excavations also took place on the site of the demolished south wing. Analysis of the historical development of the main house shows an expansion of the house and garden during the 17th century, with a later contraction of the property.
Another 18th-century reference to Arthur's Oven
Authors: Dunshea Philip
Published: May 2023

The interest of the early antiquaries in the monument known as Arthur’s Oven is well documented (Steer 1958; Brown 1974; Steer 1976; Brown &

Vasey 1989). Almost certainly a Roman triumphal memorial, the Oven stood on the north bank of the Carron near Stenhousemuir (NGR NS 879 827) until it was demolished in 1743 to provide stone for a mill dam.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: May 2023

Front matter for Volume 140

Table of Contents

List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings

Editorial board for the Proceedings Vol 140

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council from 1 December 2009

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2009-10

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Cemeteries of platform cairns and long cists around Sinclair's Bay, Caithness
Authors: Ritchie Anna
Published: May 2023

The cemetery at Ackergill in Caithness has become the type site for Pictish platform cairns. A re-appraisal based on Society of Antiquaries of Scotland manuscripts, together with published sources, shows that, rather than comprising only the eight cairns and two long cists excavated by Edwards in the 1920s, the cemetery was more extensive. Close to Edward's site, Barry had already excavated two other circular cairns, three rectangular cairns and a long cist, and possibly another circular cairn was found between the two campaigns of excavation. Two of the cairns were re-used for subsequent burials and two cairns were unique in having corbelled chambers built at ground level. Other burial sites along the shore of Sinclair's Bay are also examined.
New evidence for the activities of Pictish potentates in Aberdeenshire: the hillforts of Strathdon
Authors: Cook Murray
Published: May 2023

The hillforts of the north-east of Scotland have suffered from a lack of archaeological excavation and models have been developed and redeveloped on very little evidence. Underlining these paradigms was the assumption that the bulk of the sites in the area were prehistoric in origin. This paper presents the initial results of a programme of keyhole excavation that examined construction dates of the discrete cluster of hillforts in what, in this article, is called Strathdon. A brief precis of archaeological research in the area will be presented, together with the unenclosed sequence from the immediate environs and the contemporary historical record, before the early medieval results of the research are summarised and placed in a regional and national context. As the excavations were restricted so too is the discussion, the results established a chronological framework for the hillforts in question but did not explore function or environmental background.
The early evolution of the tappit hen
Authors: Davies Peter Spencer , Dalgleish George , Lamb David
Published: May 2023

The recent discovery of three pewter tappit hen measures from the excavation of a ship sunk off Mull in 1653 has enabled us to deduce something of the origins of this eponymous Scottish measure. They are of Scots pint, chopin and half-mutchkin capacity, and they display several hitherto unrecognised features. They were made by casting two vertical halves, unlike the familiar 18th-century forms. This left a hole in the base which was then filled with a plug. On the inside of this plug the pewterer struck a mark of a hammer and his initials, whilst his touchmark was struck on the collar of the measure. There was a coarse threaded projection on the underside of the lid, probably used to hold the lid in the lather for turning and finishing. The half-mutchkin has an unusual lobed palmette thumbpiece. The method of casting and the palmette thumbpiece has now also been observed on four early 18th-century examples. These are two chopin and two Scots quart tappit hens that have been identified in private collections, and described for the first time. The tappit hen form shows strong affinities with late 16th-century pewter vessels from the north-west of France, with whom Edinburgh had strong wine-trade links. However, the name appears to originate with Alan Ramsay c 1721, who used it in his poems to describe what was probably a quart with a knobbed lid and palmette thumbpiece, as in the examples described here.
A 1st millennium bc Atlantic roundhouse in Argyll: survey and excavation at Loch Glashan
Authors: Henderson Jon , Gilmour Simon
Published: May 2023

A detailed survey of the Atlantic roundhouse at Loch Glashan was carried out over two weeks in June 2003 alongside a small excavation to assess the extent of damage caused by encroaching vegetation and to obtain dating evidence. The structure is a large dry-stone circular building located above Loch Glashan, and the excavations produced architectural evidence suggesting more than one phase of occupation, alongside Iron Age artefacts and radiocarbon dates. These reinforce the argument that circular Iron Age structures in Argyll belong within the wider Atlantic milieu of brochs or Atlantic roundhouses dating to the second half of the 1st millennium cal BC.
The Kilmichael Glassary Bell-shrine
Authors: Caldwell David H , Kirk Susy , Markus Gilbert , Tate James , Webb Sharon
Published: May 2023

The Kilmichael Glassary Bell-shrine is one of the treasures of National Museums Scotland. This paper re-assesses the circumstances of its discovery, its context and importance, and its role as a relic of a saint, not Moluaf, as previously suggested but possibly Columba. The wider use of handbells in the early medieval church is also considered. The bell-shrine was found in 1814, on the farm of Torbhlaren, in the parish of Kilmichael Glassary, in mainland Argyll, probably near to where it was venerated. The bell inside it dates to the 7th-9th century, the shrine to the first half of the 12th century. The latter bears evidence in its design of a mixed artistic heritage, including local, Irish and Scandinavian influence. Alternative hypotheses. That it represents the artistic output of the kingdom of the Isles of Dunkeld, in the kingdom of the Scots, are presented. Details are provided of a technological examination of bell and shrie and list of other early Scottish handbells is included.
Excavation of an unnamed castle at Cullykhan, Castle Point, Troup
Authors: Greig Moira , Anderson Sue , Clarke Ann , Hall Derek , Holmes Nick , Mackay Alex , McLaren Dawn
Published: May 2023

The peninsula known as Castle Point, Troup, was occupied or used from the late Neolithic period to the Second World War. This paper deals with the construction and use of the castle, from the 13th to 17th centuries. The excavations of the castle site revealed the footings of a rectangular tower, with a cobbled courtyard and the remains of a kitchen range to its south-east. Within the kitchen was a collapsed fireplace arch bearing two similar mason's marks. A small quantity of pottery sherds, three coins, dated to the 16th century, and a few other artefacts were also recovered. Evidence of earlier medieval structures underlay the kitchen area, including a number of stone drains, two narrow clay-lined channels and a pit.
'for beauty and desirability there is none in the kingdom to be compared': Thomas Telford, James Watt and the evolution of Glasgow's water supply
Authors: Turner Louise
Published: May 2023

Recent regeneration works in the east end of Glasgow prompted Forestry Commission Scotland to re-evaluate their landholdings at Cuningar Loop, north-east of Rutherglen. This paper explores Cuningar Loop's hidden past as a key location in the wider early 19th-century attempt to furnish Glasgow's ever-expanding population with water. Using historical sources, it examines how a committee of influential citizens established, managed and implemented the project. It also explores how the committee relied on the great engineers of the time, in particular, Thomas Telford and James Watt, to deliver the project using cutting edge technology which ultimately proved inadequate. This sheds light upon the network of social relations revealed by the correspondence of the protagonists, and explores the physical legacy of these early engineers in a city where these pioneering works have been eclipsed by the later Victorian scheme to draw potable water from Loch Katrine.
Annual Report for the year 1 June 2011–31 May 2012
Authors: - -
Published: May 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Research grants, events, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the Society’s Financial Review. A list of newly elected Fellows was read, and a list of deceased Fellows from 2011-2012 is included. New members of Council were then elected and the Presidential Address was delivered by Barbara Crawford.
A special place in the saltings? Survey and excavation of an Iron Age estuarine islet at An Dunan, Lewis, Western Isles
Authors: Church Mike J , Nesbitt Claire , Gilmour Simon M D
Published: May 2023

This is the third of a series of four papers that present the excavations undertaken on the Uig peninsula, Isle of Lewis, as part of the Uig Landscape Project. We present the archaeological evidence from An Dunan, a causewayed tidal islet in the salt marsh of Uig sands, a liminal and potentially ritual site dating to the Iron Age and medieval period. The first main Middle Iron Age phase was characterised by activities centred on an ash mound, demarcated by four large orthostats, within an essentially rectilinear structure containing internal cellular divisions. The activities within the structure have been interpreted as non-domestic in nature. The second main phase involved the medieval re-use of aspects of the Iron Age building to create a small boat-shaped structure, with very little associated material culture. The structural, artefactual and environmental evidence from the site is presented, before being interpreted within the wider research context of the archaeology of the Western Isles and Atlantic Scotland.
Excavations at the early and later medieval site of Ballachly, Dunbeath, Caithness, 2007-10
Authors: Laing Lloyd , Oakley Edward , Sassin Anne E , Tompsett Imogen
Published: May 2023

Excavation and field survey at Ballachly, Dunbeath, Caithness in 2007-10 produced evidence which suggests the existence of a possible early medieval and later Norse site centred around the hillock known as Chapel Hill, on top of which is located an, as of yet, indeterminate unicameral stone building. The site, already known for its Early Christian inscribed stones, lay within a substantial stone-walled enclosure of late medieval to early post-medieval date possibly constructed to enclose an undeveloped burgh of barony, thought to be Magnusburgh, which was reported to have been licenced in 1624. Although most of the enclosed area did not yield evidence of occupation, two separate areas at the base of the hillock produced evidence for medieval industrial activity, including ironworking and a cobbled possible working surface. This activity post-dated a palaeo-channel, possible reused as a ditch, and substantial stone wall, forming a possible boundary enclosure, whose lower-lying area has since been heavily disturbed by flooding and subsequent agricultural activity. Evidence of the site's association with an early monastery was not substantiated, though the site's character still suggests a former centre of some importance.
Annual Report for the year 1 June 2012–31 May 2013
Authors: - -
Published: May 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Research grants, events, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the Society’s Financial Review. A list of newly elected Fellows was read, and a list of deceased Fellows from 2012-2013 is included. New members of Council were then elected and the Presidential Address was delivered by Alan Saville.
The Synton and Kippilaw denarius hoards: further numismatic evidence for late Antonine and Severan Scotland
Authors: Holmes N M McQ
Published: May 2023

The recent discovery of two coin hoards – one from the reign of Commodus and the other from that of Septimius Severus – provides an opportunity for a reassessment of the numismatic evidence for events in what is now Scotland between the abandonment of the Antonine Wall and the period immediately following the conclusion of the campaigns of Severus.
From cathedral of the Isles to obscurity - the archaeology and history of Skeabost Island, Snizort
Authors: Thomas Sarah
Published: May 2023

The island of Snizort at Skeabost, or Eilean Chaluim Chille, in northern Skye contains the important but neglected and poorly known remains of the late medieval cathedral of Sodor or the Isles. It was one of the largest churches in the Hebrides, with architectural features that indicate a link to the monastery of Iona. This paper discusses the archaeological remains and then sets them in their wider archaeological context. It then examines the historical evidence for the use of the island, firstly as the possible base of the archdeacons of Sodor and, from c 1387, the seat of the bishops of Sodor. Finally, the reasons for the island’s descent into obscurity are considered; key was the lack of support from the Lords of the Isles and the failure to attract a prominent kindred to use it as their place of burial.
The Morton Manuscript: 'ancient inscriptions on stones found in Scotland'
Authors: Keppie Lawrence
Published: May 2023

An eight-page manuscript, presented to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1827 and, until recently, considered lost, lists nine Roman and four medieval inscriptions, of which four are otherwise unknown. This paper discusses the sources used in the compilation of the manuscript, which is traditionally ascribed to James Douglas, 14th earl of Morton (1702–68). The conclusion reached here is that much of the information which it contains was assembled in the mid-17th century and collated into its present form much later, perhaps in the early 18th century.
Antony Charles Thomas
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T
Published: May 2023

Professor Charles Thomas was a pioneer of Early Christian archaeology in Britain and a champion of Cornish Studies who made a lasting impact on Scottish and Celtic scholarship.