bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swelling of lignin-based gel in salt-containing organic solvents and its application as gel electrolyte
Authors: Honda Fumiya , Taira Shogo , Suzuki Shiori , Shikinaka Kazuhiro , Shigetomi Kengo , Uraki Yasumitsu
Published: August 2023

A lignin-based gel prepared by the chemical crosslinking of hardwood acetic acid lignin (AL) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether has been reported to shrink in water and organic solvents but swell specifically in aqueous binary solutions. In this study, the AL-based gel was also found to swell in lithium-salt-containing organic solvents, namely, liquid electrolytes. The uptake of salt solutions reached five times the dry weight of the gel. The ionic conductivity of the gel swollen with 1 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate or a mixed solution (1:1, v/v) of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate exceeded 1 mS cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C), suggesting that this gel can be applied as a gel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A prototype LIB was assembled with the AL-based gel electrolyte and LiCoO2/graphite-based electrodes and exhibited low bulk and charge transfer resistances of 4.1 and 9.7 Ω, respectively. Moreover, its initial specific capacity reached 104 mAh g−1 at a current density of 28 mA g−1, which is comparable to that of a reference LIB assembled using a commercial polyethylene separator. These results indicate the significant potential of this lignin-based gel for application in energy storage devices.
Optogenetics 2.0: challenges and solutions towards a quantitative probing of neural circuits
Authors: Altahini Saleh , Arnoux Isabelle , Stroh Albrecht
Published: August 2023

To exploit the full potential of optogenetics, we need to titrate and tailor optogenetic methods to emulate naturalistic circuit function. For that, the following prerequisites need to be met: first, we need to target opsin expression not only to genetically defined neurons per se, but to specifically target a functional node. Second, we need to assess the scope of optogenetic modulation, i.e. the fraction of optogenetically modulated neurons. Third, we need to integrate optogenetic control in a closed loop setting. Fourth, we need to further safe and stable gene expression and light delivery to bring optogenetics to the clinics. Here, we review these concepts for the human and rodent brain.
Digital consumer behaviour: insights into the perceptions of late adolescents’ consumption of digital media on cognitive health
Authors: Pinto Suzan Deenal , Anakkathil Anil Malavika
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Digital media has become an indispensable facet of adolescents’ everyday lives, playing a crucial role in their daily routines, encompassing various activities such as accessing information, accomplishing academic tasks, and facilitating interpersonal communication. Literature evidence on the effects of digital media on cognitive health is bi-directional, having both positive and negative impacts. The present research aimed to explore the perceptions of digital media consumption on cognitive health in late adolescents between the age of 17 and 21 years.

Methods

A self-reported online survey was administered to 173 adolescents, and the data were analysed using statistical software (SPSS 17).

Results

The findings revealed that some late adolescents recognize the importance of cognition in their daily activities and health, particularly for activities focused on cognitive, academic, personal, and social skills. Mobile phones, laptops, and television were the most commonly preferred gadgets, while e-pads, Alexa, smartwatches, Kindle, tablets, and play stations were less preferred. Interestingly, a high proportion of participants reported neutral perceptions of digital media’s influence on cognitive health, highlighting the need to create awareness and educate late adolescents on healthy digital media consumption.

Conclusions

The findings hold significant implications for the development of comprehensive guidelines and evidence-based recommendations for digital media usage among late adolescents. Additionally, the research sheds light on the strategies adopted by adolescents to regulate and optimize their consumption of digital media, thereby providing valuable insights into effective practices and potential areas for improvement.
Dynamic development of cohesive devices in English as a second language writing
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Wind Attila M.
Published: August 2023

The dearth of research examining the progression of cohesion in L2 writing through a time-series research design is evident. Therefore, the current study employs the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory to explore the evolution of cohesive devices in L2 writing. Thirty advanced-level L2 writers from a US university participated over a semester, providing 210 written samples at seven measurement points. Analysis of these samples, utilizing 40 cohesion indices from the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Cohesion, revealed significant improvement in eight cohesion indices (three local, four global, and one text cohesion indices) with large effect sizes. However, time-series analyses indicated nonlinear trends and variability. Additionally, a positive association was found between two local cohesion indices (lexical and semantic overlap) at the initial and final measurement points. The findings demonstrate the multifaceted developmental trajectories and complexities evident in L2 learners’ approaches and carry important implications for L2 writing instruction and assessment.
Pan-cancer analysis of the PDE4DIP gene with potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic values in multiple cancers including acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Qi , Cheng Yujing , Chen Wanlu , Wang Ying , Dai Run , Yang Xin
Published: August 2023

Phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (PDE4DIP) interacts with cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4D and its abnormal expression promotes the development of hematological malignancies, breast cancer, and pineal cell carcinoma. However, there is currently no systematic pan-cancer analysis of the association between PDE4DIP and various cancers. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the potential functions of PDE4DIP in various cancers. Based on the multiple public databases and online websites, we conducted comprehensive analyses for PDE4DIP in various cancers, including differential expression, prognosis, genetic variation, DNA methylation, and immunity. We thoroughly analyzed the specific role of PDE4DIP in acute myeloid leukemia (LAML). The results indicated that there were differences in PDE4DIP expression in cancers, and in kidney chromophobe, LAML, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, thymoma, and uveal melanoma, PDE4DIP had potential prognostic value. PDE4DIP expression was also correlated with genetic variation, DNA methylation, immune cell infiltration, and immune-related genes in cancers. Functional enrichment analysis showed that PDE4DIP was mainly related to immune-related pathways in cancers, and in LAML, PDE4DIP was mainly related to immunoglobulin complexes, T-cell receptor complexes, and immune response regulatory signaling pathways. Our study systematically revealed for the first time the potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic value of PDE4DIP in various cancers, including LAML.
Mild solution in the α-norm for some partial integrodifferential equations involving a nonlocal condition
Authors: El Matloub Jaouad , Ezzinbi Khalil
Published: August 2023

In this work, we investigate the existence of mild solutions in the

α

\alpha

-norm for a class of nonlocal integrodifferential equations. We employ the theory of resolvent operators introduced by R. Grimmer. The Leray-Schauder alternative is the principal working tool for our analysis.
Switchable dual-mode nanolaser: mastering emission and invisibility through phase transition materials
Authors: Lepeshov Sergey , Vyshnevyy Andrey , Krasnok Alex
Published: August 2023

The principle of detailed balance states that objects efficiently emitting radiation at a specific wavelength also efficiently absorb radiation at the same wavelength. This principle presents challenges for the design and performance of photonic devices, including solar cells, nanoantennas, and lasers. A design that successfully integrates the properties of an efficient emitter in one state and invisibility in another state is essential for various applications. In this work, we propose a novel nanolaser design based on a semiconductor nanoparticle with gain enveloped by a phase transition material that enables switching between lasing and cloaking (nonscattering) states at the same operating frequency without modifying the pumping conditions. We thoroughly investigate the operational characteristics of the nanolaser to ensure optimal performance. Our nanolaser design can function with both optical and electric pumping and exhibits the features of a thresholdless laser due to its high beta-factor and strong Purcell enhancement in the tightly confined Mie resonance mode. Additionally, we develop a reconfigurable metasurface comprising lasing-cloaking metaatoms capable of transitioning from lasing to a nonscattering state in a fully reversible manner.
An Example of Geographic Network Analysis: The Case Study of the Fortore Valley (Molise and Apulia, Italy)
Authors: De Simone Claudio Sossio
Published: August 2023

Today, the Fortore River is the geographic and administrative boundary between the regions of Molise and Apulia. In the past decade, scholars have debated Fortore’s role during the pre-Roman and Roman periods, specifically focusing on how this physical boundary may have influenced the interaction and connectivity between Samnium (modern-day Molise) and Daunia (modern-day northern Apulia). Both ancient literary sources and archaeological finds indicate the situation is complicated, and it is challenging to locate the geographical and cultural borders, especially in the pre-Roman period. This article suggests a model to understand the past interaction between the two modern-day areas of Macchia Valfortore (Molise) and Carlantino (Apulia). These sites were in the proximity of the Fortore River, and an investigation of material culture in both locations revealed a complex and diverse society between the sixth century BC and the first century BC. The small-scale spatial networks constructed help to explain the interchange dynamics between the two districts and, furthermore, how each of them related to the ancient road system. The case study demonstrates, moreover, how a not conventional archaeological approach may also highlight the prominence of river connections for economic and social development.
Ethical Issues of Human Information Behaviour and Human Information Interactions
Authors: Steinerová Jela
Published: August 2023

The objectives of the study are to determine the main ethical factors related to human information interactions. The main research question was: What is the perception of ethical issues of information work and future topics of information ethics in digital environment? A brief analysis of related ethical issues of information is presented. The main applied methodology was a Delphi study on information ethics with selected experts from Slovakia and Czech Republic. The data were analysed with the use of mixed methods of discourse and content analyses and conceptual modelling. We present results of the discourse analyses (first round, 19 experts; discussion, 6 experts). Results are interpreted with regard to the ethical issues of work with digital information, main ethical dilemmas of the use of advanced technologies, and values of information. Results are visualised in three conceptual maps. A final conceptual model represents the epistemic consensus of experts, including social and cultural rules, value tensions between man and technologies, and utility, truth, and objectivity of information. We propose to include the identified ethical factors into models of human information behaviour. Recommendations for practice focus on value-sensitive design of digital services and products in the intercultural contexts of information literacy, education, science, workplaces, and everyday information use.
Recent development in the formation and surface modification of cellulose-bead nanocomposites as adsorbents for water purification: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ivbanikaro Anna E. , Okonkwo Jonathan O. , Sadiku Emmanuel R. , Maepa Charity E.
Published: August 2023

Water pollution is an issue of global concern that demands effective and sustainable solutions through water purification. Adsorption is a popular method for water treatment because it is inexpensive and has a high performance rate. Although commercial activated carbon is the generally preferred adsorbent for adsorption, its widespread use is affected by the high cost and challenges encountered during column adsorption. Biopolymers like cellulose and its derivatives have the potential to replace expensive adsorbents due to their unique characteristics. In recent years, cellulose-bead nanocomposites have gained significant attention as promising adsorbents due to their ability to circumvent the challenges encountered when using powdered adsorbents. To fabricate cellulose beads, cellulose fiber is separated from its source, dissolved in appropriate solvents, shaped into spherical particles and subsequently modified (via esterification, oxidation, crosslinking agents, etc.) to improve its adsorption capacity. This comprehensive review paper presents a detailed analysis of the recent development in the formation and surface modification of 3-D structured cellulose nanocomposites. The outcome of this review on modified cellulose-bead demonstrates their successful fabrication and high adsorption capacities for different contaminants. It is anticipated that cellulose beads, as a bio-adsorbent in industrial settings, will be a low-cost alternative to the more expensive adsorbents shortly.
Circular plastics technologies: open loop recycling of waste plastics into new chemicals
Authors: Knauer Katrina , Lee Minjung
Published: August 2023

Open-loop recycling is any recycling process where the recycled materials are converted into new raw materials, often of higher value than the parent monomers. Typically, materials recycled through open-loop recycling go on to be used for purposes different from their former, pre-recycled purpose. This means that the input into the recycling process is converted to a new chemical building block, which can be used as an input into another manufacturing process. Open-loop recycling processes usually involve processing various types of products of similar material makeup and change the properties of the material itself (through heat, chemical reactions, or physical crushing). This chapter will highlight promising pathways for upcycling of various plastic waste streams into new applications via open loop chemical and biological recycling processes.
Biopolymeric conjugation with food additives
Authors: Kaur Gurleen , Thakur Babita , Gill Ruth , Kaur Rajinder , Kaur Sukhminderjit
Published: August 2023

In the contemporary day and age, the usage of food additives has predominantly expanded because of accelerated processed food’s requirement. Food additives comprises of preservatives, color dye, flavors, textural additives, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, anti-caking additives, anti-foaming agents, emulsifiers and nutritional additives. Although, food additives assist in proving textural benefits, increased shelf life, color addition and flavor enhancer but limitations are also associated with the use of food additives such as reduction in shelf life, toxic behavior, reduced stability and controlled target release issues. Biopolymers, dominantly pervasive macromolecules are the prominent class of utilitarian materials which are convenient for valuable applications. Across the globe, professionals and researchers are highly interested in research on biopolymers due to its biocompatible and biodegradable prospect. The two major classifications of biopolymers include proteins and polysaccharides. Different types of biopolymers can also work as fat replacer and therefore offer prevention from coronary disease, obesity as well as diabetes. Food industry has been highly promoted and benefited from the use of biopolymers. The employment of biopolymers solves the issues related to food additives consumption. Therefore, this particular chapter elucidates about the biopolymeric conjugation with food additives for a perfect food design, importance of biopolymers and application of biopolymers in association with food additives.
In-service load calculation surrogate models for high-pressure turbine blade life digital twin
Authors: Li Chunhua , Sun Jianzhong , Wang Bowen , Nian Jinchen
Published: August 2023

There are developed methods for high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade loads and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction; however, they are ineffective and time-consuming for in-service HPT blades under actual operating conditions. Hence, it is necessary to use an acceptable computational effort to predict the HPT blade’s load and in-service lifetime. Drawing from the idea of the usage-based life (UBL) prediction method, this paper first proposes a framework for the life digital twin (LDT) to characterize and track the in-service life consumption of the HPT blades under actual operating conditions. The second work mainly focuses on developing the steady-state and transient load calculation surrogate models for the HPT blade’s LDT. Using the developed surrogate models, it can now calculate the steady-state and transient loads of the HPT blade in an acceptable time with the necessary accuracy. The proposed approach is demonstrated on an HPT blade of a typical commercial turbofan engine. Because the operating load of the HPT blade severely affects its in-service lifetime, the application of this approach enables the construction of an LDT of the HPT blade. It can reduce the uncertainty and variability associated with the in-service life prediction of the HPT blade under actual operating conditions.
Numerical analysis on the effect of passive control geometry in supersonic jet mixing enhancement
Authors: Subramani Nithya , M Sangeetha , Gajapathy Gowtham
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the numerical analysis of a convergent-divergent circular nozzle with the exit Mach number of 1.69 with and without passive control at the exit. The passive control method opted for this analysis was inward and outward ascending triangular protrusion. This paper explores the influence of the passive control geometry and its blockage area concerning the nozzle exit. The nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) used for carrying out the flow analysis were 3, 4.932, and 6. Two different inward and outward protrusions were used with a height of 1.5 mm and 3 mm. From the results, the potential core length of the protrusion 1.5 mm height was not much changed in the both outward and inward cases. But when the height of the protrusion was increased to 3 mm, there was a noticeable core length reduction at all NPR but with different cases. At the NPR of 6, the potential core length of the inward protrusions 3 mm was reduced by 44 % compared to the plain CD nozzle.
Strategic organizational optimization of business processes of a logistics company in a crisis in the economy
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic State University, Bavyko Oleksandr , Bavyko Olena ,   Odessa Polytechnic State University
Published: August 2023

The constant strengthening of crisis trends in socio-economic development makes it necessary to digitally optimize the business processes of business structures. Based on the GAP-analysis of the activities of logistics companies, two main problems have been identified: reduced revenues and high levels of service costs. In modern conditions, it is advisable to choose a strategy of limited growth for enterprises of this type. Within the framework of this strategy, two main directions of business process optimization have been developed. The first direction, aimed at reducing costs, involves the organization of remote work of office staff. The second direction is aimed at horizontal compression of business processes by automating communications between employees and customers.
Integration of blockchain technology into the process of digital transformation in the maritime transport sector
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic State University, Balan Oleksandr , Lukianchuk Kateryna ,   Odessa Polytechnic State University
Published: August 2023

Digitalization, or digital transformation, has caused and continues to bring about significant and fundamental change in almost all industries in recent years. Through the introduction and use of the latest digital technologies, traditional business practices are undergoing significant fundamental changes. Digital transformation not only simplifies a number of complex processes for the manufacture of products, the provision of services. First of all, digital transformation completely transforms the organizational process of key business operations, including in the field of maritime transport.
Удосконалення внутрішньофірмового управління на основі узгодженої системи показників фінансової звітності підприємства
Authors:   Odessa Polytechnic State University, Zakharchenko Vitaliy , Metil Tetiana ,   Izmail State University for the Humanities
Published: August 2023

In the article the industrial enterprise management system is presented in the form of a multi-level, hierarchical subsystem of internal firm planning. In this case, the main purpose of the market activities of the enterprise is to maximize the net discounted income. Also, an attempt is made to harmonize the indicators of operational, tactical and long-term planning and not to lose the essence of strategic decisions. In-house planning combines two systems - technical and economic, financial, and operational and production planning. Attempts to create on the basis of the existing system of indicators some integrated assessment of the efficiency of the enterprise are analyzed. Preference is given to the use of a system of balanced scores, which is part of the concept of strategic objectives. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is necessary to use in addition to quantitative and nonfinancial indicators. The solution, problems of formation of the coordinated system of management of the enterprise are seen in the coordinated decision of functional problems and the corresponding indicators with use of measures of economic and mathematical modelling. To form a long-term strategic plan of the enterprise, it is proposed to consider five hierarchical stages of planning. The term of the planning horizon in the future is determined by the terms of implementation of the most long-term investment projects. This allows for a scientifically sound assessment of such projects. However, in such constantly changing conditions, it is necessary to annually adjust long-term plans with the organization of slippery strategic planning and management.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING CENTER OF BASKETBALL IN SALATIGA WITH A SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Authors: Karim Syamsul
Published: August 2023

Basketball has become one of the sports that is highly favored by people worldwide, including in Indonesia. In Indonesia itself, there is a premier national competition known as the Indonesian Basketball League (IBL), which is participated in by numerous major cities, including Salatiga. Salatiga possesses great potential for the development of basketball in Indonesia. The city's numerous championship victories and individual accolades bestowed upon Salatiga basketball athletes highlight its significant contribution to the advancement of basketball in the country. However, in order to further support and nurture these achievements and potentials, it is essential to provide adequate facilities capable of accommodating the needs of athletes, aspiring athletes, and basketball enthusiasts throughout Indonesia, particularly in Salatiga. Establishing an internationally standardized facility with a focus on education and training would serve as a medium to prepare future athletes. The primary objective of this design report is to outline the plans for the Salatiga Basketball Education and Development Center, utilizing a Sustainable Architecture approach, which would effectively cater to the requirements of athletes and aspiring athletes in enhancing their knowledge and basketball skills. Additionally, this planning aims to fulfill the building's function as a competitive venue for national athletes participating in events held in Salatiga. The design of the basketball education and development center entails various processes, including problem identification, data collection, site identification, site selection, site analysis, and the implementation of the sustainable architecture approach.
The The Effectiveness Of The Pedestrian Path And Ramp On Jl. Imam Bonjol Corridor Semarang
Authors: Hetyorini Hetyorini Hetyorini , Mukti Susmita Eka , Maulana Aziz Maulana
Published: August 2023

Pedestrian paths and ramps are public facilities that are used by pedestrians and people with disabilities in accessing a place, moving from one place to another, connecting to a destination or carrying out other activities in urban space. Provision of pedestrian paths and ramps must be accessible, effective, and keep activities in urban spaces running well. One of the pedestrian and ramp lanes in Jl. Imam Bonjol corridor Semarang is interesting to study in which the existence of pedestrian paths and ramps can be said is still limited to providing public facilities without regard to quality, continuity of function of facilities and respect for users, both pedestrians and people with disabilities. However, the condition of the pedestrian paths and ramps in Jl. Imam Bonjol corridor is good enough, but there are some significant things that can hinder the user's circulation. Several sections of pedestrian paths and ramps are used as parking lots for vehicles, rickshaws and cars. The guiding line for the blind is cut off in several places and sometimes even leads to an open exhaust channel. In some sections it turns out to be difficult for the disabled to use it. This fact is very unfortunate because pedestrians and people with disabilities have the same rights in the use of pedestrian paths and ramps. This study aims to provide design solutions to the problem of designing pedestrian paths and ramps on Imam Bonjol Semarang street corridor to connect urban activity centers so as to provide an ease and convenience access and improve the quality of urban space. A qualitative descriptive method is used in this research, namely by describing the problem to be studied in more depth in order to find solutions and develop the findings of previous studies.
Comparative Justice Accountability of Samen Leven Actors in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Saputri Atha Difa , Julianto Ricky
Published: August 2023

The practice of samen leven or cohabitation is a violation of the religious and cultural norms of Indonesian society, but semen leven is increasingly common in today's modern society, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia. The rise of this cohabitation shows a decline in moral and religious values ​​in society. Discussion in this article will cover various regulations related to semen leven or (cohabitation) included in the previous or new Criminal Code and discuss various polemics around them. Then it will also be discussed how legal, religious, and social perspectives are on the practice of semen leven and how the sanctions are imposed. The purpose of this paper is to understand the legal views governing the act of cohabitation as well as efforts to deal with the problem of samen leven in Indonesia by comparing and analyzing a comparison of the two views of the legal system that applies between Malaysia and Indonesia towards the practice of cohabitation. The approach research method that we use is carried out through a literature review and normative juridical methods using primary sources in this study in the form of the Criminal Code, Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning marriage, the 1984 Islamic Family Law concerning marriage and divorce in Malaysia. Secondary sources in the form of all legal publications, including textbooks, legal dictionaries, legal journals, legal articles, and comments on court decisions.

KEYWORDS: Samen Leven, Cohabitation, Legal Comparasion.
Formulation of Public Policy Based on Islamic Legal Studies as a Solution in the Contemporary Era
Authors: Fakihudin Rifki
Published: August 2023

Problems in the contemporary era provide challenges for policy makers in the formulation process, the use of Islamic law as a basis for making a policy is a step that must be tried because Islamic law has a firm and binding nature, but in the application of Islamic law in Indonesia with the diversity of its society must be adjusted first. In making a public policy, it must pay attention to several factors regarding what factors are needed to achieve a successful policy. The use of Islamic law in Indonesia has been applied since ancient times, this is influenced by the majority of the Indonesian population who embrace Islam, but in its determination it is only intended for special policies. In using Islamic law as a reference in making a public policy, it must be accompanied by in-depth research on how Islamic law can solve a problem in this contemporary era which has many new problems that arise. Research on the use of Islamic law as the basis for making a public policy must be based on reliable sources The Koran as a guide to human life is the source of the process of making public policy.
Sex-based impact of pancreatic islet stressors in GluCreERT2/Rosa26-eYFP mice
Authors: Tanday Neil , Coulter-Parkhill Aimee , Moffett R Charlotte , Suruli Karthick , Dubey Vaibhav , Flatt Peter R , Irwin Nigel
Published: August 2023

The present study examines differences in metabolic and pancreatic islet adaptative responses following streptozotocin (STZ) and hydrocortisone (HC) administration in male and female transgenic GluCreERT2/Rosa26-eYFP mice. Mice received five daily doses of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or 10 daily doses of HC (70 mg/kg, i.p.), with parameters assessed on day 11. STZ-induced hyperglycaemia was evident in both sexes, alongside impaired glucose tolerance and reduced insulin concentrations. HC also had similar metabolic effects in male and female mice resulting in classical increases of circulating insulin indicative of insulin resistance. Control male mice had larger pancreatic islets than females and displayed a greater reduction of islet and beta-cell area in response to STZ insult. In addition, female STZ mice had lower levels of beta-cell apoptosis than male counterparts. Following HC administration, female mouse islets contained a greater proportion of alpha cells when compared to males. All HC mice presented with relatively comparable increases in beta- and alpha-cell turnover rates, with female mice being slightly more susceptible to HC-induced beta-cell apoptosis. Interestingly, healthy control female mice had inherently increased alpha-to-beta-cell transdifferentiation rates, which was decreased by HC treatment. The number of glucagon-positive alpha cells altering their lineage to insulin-positive beta cells was increased in male, but not female, STZ mice. Taken together, although there was no obvious sex-specific alteration of metabolic profile in STZ or HC mice, subtle differences in pancreatic islet morphology emphasises the impact of sex hormones on islets and importance of taking care when interpreting observations between males and females.
Comparison of Student – t, Welch s t, and Mann – Whitney U Tests in Terms of Type I Error Rate and Test Power
Authors: Ergin Malik , Koskan Özgür
Published: August 2023

In this study, we compared the Student's t-test, Welch's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test, in terms of their type I error rate and statistical power when the assumptions of parametric tests are violated in different situations. Materials used in this study, consisted of random numbers generated using the Numpy library in the Python programming language. All random numbers were generated from a normal distribution with N (0, 1) parameters. Balanced and unbalanced experimental conditions were simulated 50 000 times for each combination. The study revealed that, in comparison to other tests, Welch’s t - test was particularly more conservative in terms of type I error rate. It was discovered that the Student-t test had higher power values than the Mann-Whitney U test, mainly when only a small sample size of observations was used for the analysis. This simulation study indicated that Welch’s t - test is robust for preserving type I error rate when the distribution is normal. Therefore, in practice, the use of Welch t-test is recommended based on the findings of this study. One of the recommendations of this study is that the tests in question should also be evaluated in cases where observations have different distributions.
Effects of Different Boron Doses on Germination, Seedling Growth and Relative Water Content of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: CULPAN Emrullah , Gürsoy Mehtap
Published: August 2023

Boron is one of the most important nutrients required for the growth and development of plants. However, boron deficiency or excess also affects the physiological development of plants such as germination and seedling development. In this study, the effects of boron applications of 0-8 ml L-1 (4 concentrations) in 2 linseed cultivars [Beyaz Gelin (C1) and Sarı Dane (C2)] were investigated under laboratory conditions. In the study; germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), seeding length (SL), root length (RL), seedling fresh weight (SFW), seedling dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW) and relative water content (RWC) parameters were examined. As a result of the study, it has been determined that there are decreases in the properties of the cultivars in terms of the parameters examined with boron applications. It has been determined that especially 8 mg L-1 application has a toxic effect and prevents seedling and root development.
RADIATION DIAGNOSTICS OF ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of experimental pathology, oncology and radiobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Domina E.A.
Published: August 2023

Summary. An analysis of the state of radiation diagnostics of malignant neoplasms in modern conditions compared to other countries was carried out. Тhe modern methods of radiation diagnosis of oncological diseases were considered and briefly characterized. The reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of their early detection were determined. The increase in the frequency of medical radiological procedures is mainly due to the widespread use of computer tomography. Attention was focused on the carcinogenic risks of small doses of medical radiation with the use of modern highly informative methods of radiation diagnostics. The principle of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) was considered. The need to improve the radiation protection system in medicine was substantiated.
BREAST CANCER IN OBESITY: MENOPAUSAL STATUS AND REDOX CHARACTERISTICS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Ganusevich I.I. , Virko S.V. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Riznichuk V.O. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2023

Summary. Aim: to investigate the levels of superoxide radical (SR) generation and matrix metalloproteinase activity in tumor and adipose tissue adjacent to the tumour (ATA) depending on BMI and menopausal status of breast cancer patients. Object and methods: tumor tissue samples and ATA (postoperative material) from 70 women with breast cancer were studied. The methods used were EPR spectrometry, polyacrylamide gel zymography, general clinical and statistical methods. Results: a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the rate of SR generation at normal weight and obesity was observed in postmenopausal patients, both in the tumour (1.6 times) and in the АТА (1.7 times); there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the total activity of MMP-2 and -9 at normal weight and obesity, both in the tumour (2.2 times) and in the АТА (1.9 times). In premenopausal patients with breast cancer with overweight and normal weight do not differ significantly in the frequency of distant metastasis and the overall survival. Рostmenopausal patients with obesity were characterized by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the frequency of distant metastasis and a decrease in the overall survival. At levels of MMP-2 activity in the ATA above 2.8 units, patients had a significantly shorter life expectancy (p = 0.02) and a higher risk of adverse disease outcome (HR = 2.9) than at lower levels of enzyme activity. Conclusion: the results obtained indicate the prospects for further research and the possibility of using these factors of the tumour microenvironment (SR generation and MMP activity in tumor tissue and ATA) as effective markers of breast cancer prognosis in the presence of overweight.
MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM OF RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Domina E.A.
Published: August 2023

Summary. Genetic and epigenetic determinants of radiation carcinogenesis are presented. Unlike genetic ones, changes arising from epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible. An increase in the power and dose of ionizing radiation leads to a decrease in the promoter and an increase in the initiating function of radiation in the development of radiation carcinogenesis. The problem of radiation carcinogenesis consists in understanding the mechanisms of action of radiation in small doses on the human genome. Small doses of absorbed radiation are statistically significant factors of increased risk of cancer. Preservation of the dose-effect relationship for radiochromosomal markers in the blood of liquidators with oncological pathology in the long term after the Chernobyl accident confirms the radiogenic nature of these diseases. Processes of various types of repair that eliminate radiation-induced DNA damage are discussed. The formation of the “bystander effect”, which is an important mechanism of radiation-induced instability of the genome, increases the carcinogenic risk in the area of action of small doses of ionizing radiation.
Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge-to-edge Repair
Authors: So Chak-yu , Fan Yiting , Su Maolong , Wang Yan , He Ben , Lee Alex Pui-Wai
Published: August 2023

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common disease associated with significant morbidities and mortality. In this review, the new grading scheme of TR, the tricuspid valve anatomy and also the different TR mechanisms are summarised. Recently, there have been many evolving technologies to treat TR, and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is one of the most well-established techniques. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is shown to be effective in TR reduction. With increasing clinical experience, a number of echocardiographic predictors of optimal TR reduction have been identified, and a standardised transoesophageal echocardiogram protocol and also different techniques to improve the procedural success are presented. Finally, the uncertainties on the optimal timing of TR intervention and on the clinical benefit of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair are also addressed.
BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: A review focused on essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera
Authors: Khodier Malaz , Gadó Klára
Published: August 2023

The classical myeloproliferative neoplasms are divided into chronic myeloid leukemia, and the Philadelphia negative polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis. These are heterogenous diseases, originating from the clonal proliferation of myeloid stem cells, resulting in increased mature cell numbers in one or more myeloid lineages. The most commonly seen mutations in the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms include those in Janus kinase, myeloproliferative leukemia protein and the calreticulin genes. Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms occur infrequently, with a combined annual incidence of 2.58 per 100,000. There are many overlapping symptoms of Philadelphia negative MPNs, such as fatigue, night sweats, hepatosplenomegaly and circulatory symptoms due to increased cell numbers. Total Symptom Score of the MPN Symptom Assessment Form is used to assess symptom burden on patients. The most worrisome complications are thrombo-hemorrhagic events, and risk stratification is especially important as treatment of disease is based on their category. Phlebotomy and aspirin are the mainstay of treatment in low-risk polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia patients, whereas high-risk disease calls for additional cytoreduction, usually with hydroxyurea.
Camel milk and milk products
Authors:   Hukavčeva 15 Šašinovec, 10360 Sesvete, Croatia, Brezovečki Andreja
Published: August 2023

Camel milk and camel milk products have always been highly esteemed playing even today an important role in the diet of the population in the rural areas of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, with scarce agricultural areas, high temperatures and small amount of precipitation. In aggravated environmental circumstances, camels may produce more milk than any other species, while their demand for food is very modest. A camel produces between 1000 and 2000 L of milk during the lactation period of 8 to 18 months, while the daily production of milk is between 3 and 10 L. The goal of the overview is to present the chemical composition of camel milk, and products made from camel milk. On average camel milk contains 81.4-87 % water, 10.4 % dry matter, 1.2-6.4 % milk fat, 2.15-4.90 % protein, 1.63-2.76 % casein, 0.65-0.80 % whey protein, 2.90-5.80 % lactose and 0.60-0.90 % ash. Variations in the contents of camel milk may be attributed to several factors such as analytical methods, geographical area, nutrition conditions, breed, lactation stage, age and number of calvings. Camel milk is becoming an increasingly interesting product in the world, not only for its good nutritive properties, but also for its interesting and tasteful products.
Genetic relationship between the lifetime milk production, longevity and first lactation milk yield in Slovenian Brown cattle breed
Authors:   Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Jenko Janez
Published: August 2023

To study the genetic relationship between the lifetime milk production (LMP), first lactation milk yield (MY305), and length of productive life (PL) in the Slovenian Brown cattle population, first lactation records from 14,389 cows and lifetime performance records (LMP and PL) from 12,416 cows were used. Records of LMP and PL were normalised using the square root transformation of the raw values. The fixed effect of the first calving year-season oscillated between different seasons within a year for all the traits. These changes followed a seasonal pattern in MY305, where cows with first calving in colder seasons of a year had the highest MY305 and cows with first calving in the warmer seasons of a year had the lowest. The estimated heritability was 0.12±0.017 for LMP, 0.09±0.015 for PL, and 0.15±0.001 for MY305. Genetic correlation between LMP and PL was very strong (0.96±0.008), while it was moderate (0.48±0.067) between LMP and MY305 and weak between PL and MY305 (0.23±0.085). The common herd environment correlation between PL and MY305 was moderate and negative (-0.41±0.052), whereas it was weak and positive between the LMP and MY305 (0.26±0.057) and strong and positive between LMP and PL (0.74±0.025). For the last 40 years, a positive genetic trend was observed for LMP and MY305, while the genetic trend for PL remained stable.
Relationship of somatic cell count and composition and coagulation properties of ewe’s milk
Authors:   Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz, km. 396, 14071 Córdoba, Spain, Caballero Villalobos Javier
Published: August 2023

The relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and raw milk composition and its coagulation properties measured at native or standardised pH values were investigated in Manchega ewes’ milk. A total of 84 bulk tank milk samples from flocks included in the National Association of Manchega Sheep Breeders were used. According to their SCC, milk samples were divided into three terciles named low (562±138 cells/mL), medium (956±115 cells/mL) and high (1705±428 cells/ mL) SCC groups. Within each SCC group, two pH treatments were applied before determining coagulation properties (rennet clotting time, curd firming time and curd firmness): no acidification of milk (coagulation at native pH) and acidification of milk at pH 6.5. Native milk pH significantly increased (P<0.05) as SCC rose. With respect to raw milk composition, fat contents were not affected (P>0.05) by SCC, protein content tended to be higher in the high SCC group (P=0.05) and lactose content was significantly lower (P<0.05) in that group. At native pH, the high SCC group had longer rennet clotting time, higher curd firming time and lower curd firmness after 30 min of rennet addition than the low and medium SCC groups (P<0.05). Standardising milk pH at 6.5 prior to rennet addition clearly cancelled out (P<0.05) the negative effects of high SCC on milk coagulation properties. In conclusion, despite the fact that acidification before renneting improved the coagulation properties of milk with high SCC, more research would be needed to determine the sensorial properties of cheese manufactured under such conditions.
Does productivity affect profitability in dairy processing industry? Evidence from Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia
Authors:   Julon d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia, Member of the Aquafil Group, Letališka cesta 15, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Muminović Saša
Published: August 2023

This paper provides insights into productivity in dairy processing companies in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. The aim is to find out whether EBITDA per employee, as a measure of overall productivity as well as labour and capital productivity and their management positively affect company’s profitability. Literature review shows that this issue was relatively neglected, although increase in productivity is regarded as the most important factor in maintaining a competitive advantage in most developed countries. Results obtained show that comprehensive measure of productivity EBITDA per employee has statistically significant positive impact on company’s profitability, the same as productivity management components labour cost competitiveness and capital productivity.
The use of spices in the production of traditional cheeses
Authors:   Zavod za javno zdravstvo Brodsko-posavske županije, Vladimira Nazora 2A, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Hrvatska, Josipović Renata
Published: August 2023

Cheese is a highly valued dairy product worldwide, with a special focus on traditional cheeses, not only for their basic nutritive purposes but also as a part of the culture and characteristics of a certain country. Owing to the geographical location as well as the climate and vegetation diversity, in certain regions of Croatia the production of various traditional cheeses using spices was developed. Spices are either added to the cheese curd which is then formed, or cheese is wrapped into plant leaves. Sometimes spices are also applied onto the surface of the cheese, and only in rare cases spices are added into the curd. Spices added to cheese improve sensory characteristics, increase the stability and shelf life but also increase the nutritional value. The chemical composition of spices is very complex and every spice has a specific and dominant ingredient that contributes to the flavour of the product and/or its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This paper provides an overview of spices and aromatic herbs as natural preservatives that are used in the production of traditional cheeses.