bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of a novel variant in the MAMLD1 gene in isolated hypospadias
Authors: Fernández Nicolás , Pabon Jattin , Ayala Paola , Pérez Jaime , Ortiz Ana , Zarante Ignacio
Published: October 2016

Introduction Hypospadias is a multifactorial malformation. Among previously described genes, the MAMLD1 has recently been identified in association with the development of hypospadias. So far, there are no studies in Latin America addressing this gene. The aim of this paper is to describe the presence of variants in exon 3 of the MAMLD1 in our population.

Materials and Methods Using the Bio-Repository's database of the Human Genetics Institute, we identified 51 patients between 2008 and 2012 with varying degrees of isolated hypospadias. Exon 3 was sequenced looking for polymorphisms. These were assessed with in silico prediction algorithms to describe the effect of these changes on the function and structure of the protein.

Results Four patients with 3 variants were identified. The p.S364P variant has not been previously described and has a deleterious effect. The other two, rs41313406 and rs61740566, have been previously described and are not considered variations with harmful effect on the protein function. The genotype-phenotype correlation varies in severity between the variables described.

Conclusions For the first time a Latin American population is molecularly analyzed. The p.S364P variation has never been described before. Variations with different degrees of hypospadias are described.
Identifying the Effects of Objective and Subjective Quality on Wine Prices
Authors: Oczkowski Edward
Published: October 2016

This study examines a framework developed by Cardebat, Figuet, and Paroissien in a 2014 Journal of Wine Economics article for identifying the impacts of both objective and subjective quality on wine prices. We recognize how various specifications are observationally equivalent and that the interpretation of model estimates depends crucially on the posited assumption for the relation between price and objective and subjective quality. The proposed framework is applied to Australian premium wines. Results indicate that the price impact of expert personal opinions is similar to the impact of objective quality as estimated via weather, vintage, and producer fixed effects. The relative importance of objective quality compared with subjective quality depends crucially on the ability of expert scores to accurately reflect objective quality. (JEL Classifications: C21, Q11, Q54)
BOUNDARY PARAMETRIZATION AND THE TOPOLOGY OF TILES
Authors: AKIYAMA SHIGEKI , LORIDANT BENOÎT
Published: October 2016

As an application of the boundary parametrization developed in our previous papers, we propose a new method to deduce information on the connected components of the interior of tiles. This gives a systematic way to study the topology of a certain class of self-affine tiles. An example due to Bandt and Gelbrich is examined to prove the efficiency of the method.
HAAGERUP PROPERTY FOR -CROSSED PRODUCTS
Authors: MENG QING
Published: October 2016

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ be a countable discrete group that acts on a unital $C^{\ast }$-algebra $A$ through an action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. If $A$ has a faithful $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$-invariant tracial state $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$, then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime }=\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}\circ {\mathcal{E}}$ is a faithful tracial state of $A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ where ${\mathcal{E}}:A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}\rightarrow A$ is the canonical faithful conditional expectation. We show that $(A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime })$ has the Haagerup property if and only if both $(A,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F})$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ have the Haagerup property. As a consequence, suppose that $(A\rtimes _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC},r}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}^{\prime })$ has the Haagerup property where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ has property $T$ and $A$ has strong property $T$. Then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ is finite and $A$ is residually finite-dimensional.
ON PAIRS OF GOLDBACH–LINNIK EQUATIONS
Authors: KONG YAFANG , LIU ZHIXIN
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we show that every pair of large positive even integers can be represented in the form of a pair of Goldbach–Linnik equations, that is, linear equations in two primes and $k$ powers of two. In particular, $k=34$ powers of two suffice, in general, and $k=18$ under the generalised Riemann hypothesis. Our result sharpens the number of powers of two in previous results, which gave $k=62$, in general, and $k=31$ under the generalised Riemann hypothesis.
OPERATOR QUASILINEARITY OF SOME FUNCTIONALS ASSOCIATED WITH DAVIS–CHOI–JENSEN’S INEQUALITY FOR POSITIVE MAPS
Authors: DRAGOMIR S. S.
Published: October 2016

In this paper we establish operator quasilinearity properties of some functionals associated with Davis–Choi–Jensen’s inequality for positive maps and operator convex or concave functions. Applications for the power function and the logarithm are provided.
Robust Huber-Based Cubature Kalman Filter for GPS Navigation Processing
Authors: Tseng Chien-Hao , Lin Sheng-Fuu , Jwo Dah-Jing
Published: October 2016

A robust state estimation technique based on the Huber-based Cubature Kalman Filter (HCKF) is proposed for Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation processing. The Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) employs a third-degree spherical-radial cubature rule to compute the Gaussian weighted integration, such that the numerical instability induced by round-off errors can be avoided. In GPS navigation, the filter-based estimation of the position and velocity states can be severely degraded due to contaminated measurements caused by outliers or deviation from a Gaussian distribution assumption. For the signals contaminated with non-Gaussian noise or outliers, a robust scheme combining the Huber M-estimation methodology and the CKF framework is beneficial where the Huber M-estimation methodology is used to reformulate the measurement information of the CKF. GPS navigation processing using the HCKF algorithm has been carried out and the performance has been compared to those based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and CKF approaches. Simulation and experimental results presented in this paper confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Dynamic modelling of strategies for the control of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks in schools in Changsha, China (2004–2015)
Authors: CHEN S. L. , LIU R. C. , CHEN F. M. , ZHANG X. X. , ZHAO J. , CHEN T. M.
Published: October 2016

Outbreaks of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) – a rapidly progressing and highly contagious infection – often occur in schools during summer and autumn. We used dynamic modelling to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to control AHC outbreaks in schools. A susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model was built to simulate AHC outbreaks in Chinese schools, with isolation or school closure added into the model. We used outbreak data from the period 2004–2015 in our models to estimate the effective reproduction number and assess the efficacy of interventions. The median effective reproduction number (uncontrolled) of AHC outbreaks was 7·00 (range 1·77–25·87). The median effective reproduction number (controlled) of AHC outbreaks was 0·16 (range 0·00–2·28). Intervention efficacy is affected by the timing of isolation; earlier isolation is associated with a lower morbidity peak and smaller total attack rate (TAR). School closures were not effective; TARs were almost 100% and did not change even when different school closure durations were adopted. Isolation and school closure as a combined intervention strategy was used to simulate outbreak control, but the efficacy was the same as isolation alone. An isolation programme could be an effective primary intervention during AHC outbreaks in schools. However, school closure is not recommended.
Evaluating a social problem solving intervention for juvenile detainees: Depressive outcomes and moderators of effectiveness
Authors: Haeffel Gerald J. , Hein Sascha , Square Amanda , Macomber Donna , Lee Maria , Chapman John , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: October 2016

This study reports findings from the administration of a social problem-solving training (SPST) intervention to juvenile detainees in the Connecticut Youth Detainee Program. SPST is a cognitive behavioral intervention that teaches children and youth how to more effectively cope with interpersonal stress and conflict. In the current study, we tested whether SPST could decrease depressive symptoms in a sample of detained adolescent offenders. The study used a randomized-control design with detention staff administering the intervention. The results showed that SPST, as a main effect, was not more effective in reducing depressive symptoms than treatment as usual. However, the effectiveness of SPST was moderated by fluid intelligence. Juvenile detainees with high intelligence scores were most likely to benefit from SPST compared to treatment as usual. It was surprising that, for those with lower intelligence scores, SPST increased depressive symptoms relative to treatment as usual. These results help fill a critical need for intervention effectiveness data on juvenile detainees and indicate that SPST may not be useful for reducing outcomes such as depression.
Exploring collaborative reverse subtitling for the enhancement of written production activities in English as a second language
Authors: Talaván Noa , Ibáñez Ana , Bárcena Elena
Published: October 2016

This article explores the effects of collaborative reverse subtitling as an activity for the promotion of writing skills in English as a second language. An initial analysis is undertaken of the pros and cons of the role of translation in second language learning historically and the role of information and communication technology in this process, with special attention being paid to recent initiatives on the didactic use of audiovisual translation in the form of subtitling, and the evidence of their efficacy obtained so far. Subsequently, a completed research project is described, which was aimed at promoting second language learning among distance learning university students through collaborative reverse subtitling. Specifically, the project aimed to explore both the potential of a guided subtitling activity for the development of written production skills, and also the dynamics of undertaking such an activity collaboratively, in order to gain insights on the social, cognitive, metacognitive and transfer mechanisms that can be activated in collective study. Finally, we reflect on the need to accumulate evidence on multimodal translating scenarios combining individual and collective work for the development of communicative language competences, through further research and classroom use, in order to consolidate and refine these findings.
The influence of increasing discourse context on L1 and L2 spoken language processing
Authors: KOHLSTEDT TATIANA , MANI NIVEDITA
Published: October 2016

Using the visual world paradigm, we compared first, L1 and L2 speakers’ anticipation of upcoming information in a discourse and second, L1 and L2 speakers’ ability to infer the meaning of unknown words in a discourse based on the semantic cues provided in spoken language context. It was found that native speakers were able to use the given contextual cues, throughout the discourse, to anticipate upcoming linguistic input and fixate targets consistent with the input thus far, while L2 speakers showed weaker effects of discourse context on target fixations. However, both native speakers and L2 learners alike were able to use contextual information to infer the meaning of unknown words embedded in the discourse and fixate images associated with the inferred meanings of these words, especially given adequate contextual information. We suggest that these results reflect similarly successful integration of the preceding semantic information and the construction of integrated mental representations of the described scenarios in L1 and L2.
Beyond Imaging: Scanning Electron Microscope for the Quantitative Mass Measurement
Authors: Krzyzanek V. , Tacke S. , Dobranska K. , Reichelt R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Functionalization of Agave Cellulose Nanoparticles and its Characterization by Microscopy and Spectroscopy Techniques
Authors: Ponce C. , Chanona J. , Garibay V. , Palacios E. , Calderon G. , Sabo R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
A Comparison of Reflectance and Attenuated Total Internal Reflection Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging Techniques for the Analysis of Kidney Stones
Authors: Ling C. , Williams J.C. , Evan A.P. , Sommer A.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Identification of Pharmaceutical Constituents in Finished Product Form Using Low kV Microanalysis
Authors: Nylese T. , Anderhalt R. , Gorcea V.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Solving the 180 Degree Orientation Ambiguity Related to Spot Diffraction Patterns in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rauch E.F. , Veron M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Layer Number Contrast of CVD-derived Graphene in Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Xie J. , Spallas J.P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Development of an Integrated Platform for Cross-Correlative Imaging of Biological Specimens in Liquid using Light and Electron Microscopies
Authors: Fischer D.A. , Alsem D.H. , Simon B. , Prozorov T. , Salmon N.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
3D Characterisation of the Occlusion of Dentine Tubules
Authors: Boswell H. , Merkle A. , Gelb J. , Lander P. , Skepper J. , Earl J. , Langford R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Automated High Precision Strain Measurement Using Nanobeam Diffraction Coupled with Precession
Authors: Darbal A.D. , Narayan R.D. , Vartuli C. , Lian G. , Graham R. , Shaapur F. , Nicolopoulos S. , Weiss J.K.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
An Open Source Software for the Measurement of Deformation Fields by Means of Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Vanderesse N. , Lagacé M. , Bridier F. , Bocher P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Customization and Automation of Data Acquisition and Evaluation using DigitalMicrograph Script
Authors: Schaffer B.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Phase Identification by Image Processing of EBSD Patterns
Authors: Payton E.J. , Agudo Jácome L. , Nolze G.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Understanding Microstructural Changes in Metals Induced by Gallium Ion Beam Irradiation
Authors: Michael J.R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
The Helium Ion Microscope - a Versatile Tool for a Wide Range of Applications
Authors: Goetze B. , Huynh C. , Stern L. , Wu H. , Ferranti D. , Ananth M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Combining Structural and Chemical Information on the Nanometer Scale by Correlative TEM and APT
Authors: Herbig M. , Choi P.-P. , Raabe D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Fission Products in Nuclear Fuel: Comparison of Simulated Distribution with Correlative Characterization Techniques
Authors: Valderrama B. , Henderson H.B. , He L. , Yablinsky C. , Gan J. , Hassan A.-R. , El-Azab A. , Allen T.R. , Manuel M.V.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atom Probe Tomography: Beyond the Microscope, a Breakthrough Backdoor for Chemical, Physical and Functional Characterization at the Nanometer Scale
Authors: Vurpillot F. , Gaillard A. , Arnoldi L. , Vella A. , Rigutti L. , Tognetti V. , Deconihout B.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Multislice Simulation of Dynamical Elastic Scattering and Orbital Angular Momentum of Vortex Beams in Crystals
Authors: Xie L. , Wang P. , Pan X.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Evaluating long-term stability and transient disturbances of a TEM
Authors: Malac M. , McLeod R.A. , Taniguchi Y. , Bergen M. , Hoyle D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Physical Limitations on Transmission Electron Microscope Imaging of Lithium Battery Materials
Authors: Levin B.D. , Muller D.A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
New Ultra-High Resolution SEM for Imaging by Low Energy Electrons
Authors: Jiruse J. , Havelka M. , Polster J. , Lopour F.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Advanced Nanofabrication using Helium, Neon and Gallium Ion Beams in the Carl Zeiss Orion NanoFab Microscope
Authors: Elswick D. , Ananth M. , Stern L. , Marshman J. , Ferranti D. , Huynh C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
The Latest Innovation on FE-SEM and Its Applications
Authors: Takeuchi S. , Sato H. , Takagi O. , Hoyle D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Advances in Remote Plasma Cleaning of Electron Microscopes and Charged Beam Instruments
Authors: Vane R.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Dynamic scattering theory for dark-field electron holography of 3D strain fields
Authors: Lubk A. , Javon E. , Hÿtch M.J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Compositional Characteristics of Athenian Black Gloss Slips (5th c. B.C.)
Authors: Walton M. , Trentelman K. , Maish J. , Saunders D. , Foran B. , Pianetta P. , Mehta A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
The Application of Microfadeometric Testing to Mounted Photographs at the Indianapolis Museum of Art
Authors: Columbia M.R. , Smith G.D. , Hoevel C. , Messier P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
In Situ TEM Studies of Metastable Hexagonal Close-packed Au Nanocatalysts at the Tips of Ge Nanowires
Authors: Marshall A.F. , Thombare S. , McIntyre P.C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
In situ TEM-EELS For Tracking Lithium Reactions in Battery Electrodes
Authors: Wang F. , Kim S.-W. , Wu L. , Su D. , Zhu Y. , Graetz J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
High-Resolution TEM Analysis of Supported Metal Nanoparticles Combining with Image Simulation
Authors: Zhang B. , Zhang W. , Shao L. , Su D.S.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Tungsten Oxide (WO3) Nanoleaves, Nanoparticles and Nanoflakes
Authors: Ahmadi M. , Guinel M.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling on the Microstructure of Natural Graphite
Authors: Mendoza-Duarte J.M. , Martinez-Sanchez R. , Estrada-Guel I.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Pt/g--Al2O3 Reduction and Cluster Evolution Characterized by Aberration-Corrected STEM Imaging and EXAFS
Authors: Sinkler W. , Bare S.R. , Kelly S.D. , Sanchez S.I. , Mezza T.M. , Bradley S.A.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Atomic Level In Situ Observation of Surface Amorphization in Anatase Photocatalyst During Light Irradiation in Water Vapor
Authors: Zhang L. , Miller B.K. , Peter C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Investigation of Carbon Deposition on Ni/Gd Doped Ceria Reforming Catalysts for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Liu Q. , Crozier P.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Efficient Lattice-Image Detection of Icosahedral Twins
Authors: Fraundorf P. , Bishop C.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Failure Analysis of International Low Impact Docking System Latch Hooks
Authors: Martinez J. , Patin R. , Figert J.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Chemically selective imaging and spectroscopy with Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy
Authors: Hitchcock A. , Obst M. , Tyliszczak T. , Kalirai S. , Bazylinski D.
Published: October 2016

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Microwave dielectric stepped-index flat lens antenna
Authors: Barba Molina Hernan , Hesselbarth Jan
Published: October 2016

Dielectric stepped-index flat lens antennas for operation at 12 GHz are presented. A brick-shaped dielectric with a permittivity profile optimized for focusing is sandwiched between the metallic plates of an open-ended parallel-plate waveguide. A tapered slot antenna is placed at the focal point of the dielectric lens, thereby creating antennas with high directivity of 16.8 and 15.8 dBi, respectively. In the two versions of the antenna, the parallel-plate waveguide operates in TEM-mode and in the first higher-order TE-mode, respectively. The dielectric profile is realized by appropriate mixtures of alumina ceramic powder and microscopic hollow glass spheres, realizing permittivity ranging from εrel= 1.31 to εrel= 3.24. The design of the complete antennas is based on geometrical optics followed by optimizations with a full-wave electromagnetic solver. Measurements show good agreement with simulations.
«Moralische Intelligenz» in der medizinischen Praxis
Authors: Christen Markus , Ineichen Christian , Tanner Carmen
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Der klinische Alltag konfrontiert Fachpersonen aus Medizin und Pflege regelmässig mit ethischen Problemen, die gemeinsam mit Patienten und deren Angehörigen angegangen werden müssen. Entsprechend sollte der Umgang mit ethischen Fragen Teil der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Fachpersonen sein, wobei dies meist Deliberation umfasst. Psychologische Kompetenzen werden durch diesen Ansatz meist nur indirekt gefördert. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag das Konzept der «moralischen Intelligenz» vor, das aktuelle Kenntnisse der Moralpsychologie mit ethischen Gesichtspunkten vereint und Kompetenzen definiert, die Gegenstand von Diagnose und Training sein können. Anhand der moralischen Sensitivität wird skizziert, wie solche Kompetenzen messbar gemacht werden und zur Weiterentwicklung der Aus- und Weiterbildung in Ethik sowie als Instrument zur Entwicklung diagnostischer Verfahren dienen können.
Can We Predict the Future of Ocean Carbon Dioxide Uptake?
Authors: Hall Shannon
Published: October 2016

A new understanding of uncertainties in climate change models allows scientists to decide which source to tackle first in order to better forecast our planet's changing climate.
A network property necessary for concentration robustness
Authors: Eloundou-Mbebi Jeanne M. O. , Küken Anika , Omranian Nooshin , Kleessen Sabrina , Neigenfind Jost , Basler Georg , Nikoloski Zoran
Published: October 2016

Maintenance of functionality of complex cellular networks and entire organisms exposed to environmental perturbations often depends on concentration robustness of the underlying components. Yet, the reasons and consequences of concentration robustness in large-scale cellular networks remain largely unknown. Here, we derive a necessary condition for concentration robustness based only on the structure of networks endowed with mass action kinetics. The structural condition can be used to design targeted experiments to study concentration robustness. We show that metabolites satisfying the necessary condition are present in metabolic networks from diverse species, suggesting prevalence of this property across kingdoms of life. We also demonstrate that our predictions about concentration robustness of energy-related metabolites are in line with experimental evidence from Escherichia coli. The necessary condition is applicable to mass action biological systems of arbitrary size, and will enable understanding the implications of concentration robustness in genetic engineering strategies and medical applications.
Living with chronic illness scale: international validation of a new self-report measure in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ambrosio Leire , Portillo Mari Carmen , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Rodriguez-Violante Mayela , Castrillo Juan Carlos Martínez , Arillo Víctor Campos , Garretto Nélida Susana , Arakaki Tomoko , Dueñas Marcos Serrano , Álvarez Mario , Ibáñez Ivonne Pedroso , Carvajal Ana , Martínez-Martín Pablo
Published: October 2016

Understanding how a person lives with a chronic illness, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), is necessary to provide individualized care and professionals role in person-centered care at clinical and community levels is paramount. The present study was aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Living with Chronic Illness-PD Scale (EC-PC) in a wide Spanish-speaking population with PD. International cross-sectional study with retest was carried out with 324 patients from four Latin American countries and Spain. Feasibility, acceptability, scaling assumptions, reliability, precision, and construct validity were tested. The study included 324 patients, with age (mean±s.d.) 66.67±10.68 years. None of the EC-PC items had missing values and all acceptability parameters fulfilled the standard criteria. Around two-third of the items (61.54%) met scaling assumptions standards. Concerning internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.68–0.88; item-total correlation was >0.30, except for two items; item homogeneity index was >0.30, and inter-item correlation values 0.14–0.76. Intraclass correlation coefficient for EC-PC stability was 0.76 and standard error of measurement (s.e.m.) for precision was 8.60 (for a EC-PC s.d.=18.57). EC-PC presented strong correlation with social support (rS=0.61) and moderate correlation with life satisfaction (rS=0.46). Weak and negligible correlations were found with the other scales. Internal validity correlations ranged from 0.46 to 0.78. EC-PC total scores were significantly different for each severity level based on Hoehn and Yahr and Clinical Impression of Severity Index, but not for Patient Global Impression of Severity. The EC-PC has satisfactory acceptability, reliability, precision, and validity to evaluate living with PD.
A rare schizophrenia risk variant of CACNA1I disrupts CaV3.3 channel activity
Authors: Andrade A. , Hope J. , Allen A. , Yorgan V. , Lipscombe D. , Pan J. Q.
Published: October 2016

CACNA1I is a candidate schizophrenia risk gene. It encodes the pore-forming human CaV3.3 α1 subunit, a subtype of voltage-gated calcium channel that contributes to T-type currents. Recently, two de novo missense variations, T797M and R1346H, of hCaV3.3 were identified in individuals with schizophrenia. Here we show that R1346H, but not T797M, is associated with lower hCaV3.3 protein levels, reduced glycosylation, and lower membrane surface levels of hCaV3.3 when expressed in human cell lines compared to wild-type. Consistent with our biochemical analyses, whole-cell hCaV3.3 currents in cells expressing the R1346H variant were ~50% of those in cells expressing WT hCaV3.3, and neither R1346H nor T797M altered channel biophysical properties. Employing the NEURON simulation environment, we found that reducing hCaV3.3 current densities by 22% or more eliminates rebound bursting in model thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons. Our analyses suggest that a single copy of Chr22: 39665939G > A CACNA1I has the capacity to disrupt CaV3.3 channel-dependent functions, including rebound bursting in TRN neurons, with potential implications for schizophrenia pathophysiology.
A novel rabbit model of early osteoarthritis exhibits gradual cartilage degeneration after medial collateral ligament transection outside the joint capsule
Authors: Liu Zhenlong , Hu Xiaoqing , Man Zhentao , Zhang Jiying , Jiang Yanfang , Ao Yingfang
Published: October 2016

Though many surgical animal models have been used to induce osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, they always open the capsule of the joint. Any surgical procedures that incises the capsule may cause inflammation, pain and possibly altered gait. One common disadvantage of these surgically induced animal models is that they may affect the initial structures and synovial fluid in joint. These animal models may not be suitable for research into synovial fluid changes during early OA. This study aimed to create an animal model of early OA by resecting the medial collateral ligament (MCL) outside of the capsule. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after surgery, eight knees from each group were harvested. The joint gap was measured on posteroanterior radiographs after MCL-transection (MCLT). Gross examination and histological analysis were performed to evaluate cartilage damage to the medial femoral condyles and knee joints were scanned using a Micro-CT system. The MCLT group experienced early stage OA from 3 to 6 weeks according to the histological scores. IL-6, MMP-1 and MMP-13 content in the synovial fluid were higher after MCLT than anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) at 1 and 2 weeks.
Correction: Corrigendum: Propagation phasor approach for holographic image reconstruction
Authors: Luo Wei , Zhang Yibo , Göröcs Zoltán , Feizi Alborz , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: October 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22738; published online: 11 March 2016; updated: 19 October 2016
Large-roll growth of 25-inch hexagonal BN monolayer film for self-release buffer layer of free-standing GaN wafer
Authors: Wu Chenping , Soomro Abdul Majid , Sun Feipeng , Wang Huachun , Huang Youyang , Wu Jiejun , Liu Chuan , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Na , Chen Xiaohong , Kang Junyong , Cai Duanjun
Published: October 2016

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is known as promising 2D material with a wide band-gap (~6 eV). However, the growth size of h-BN film is strongly limited by the size of reaction chamber. Here, we demonstrate the large-roll synthesis of monolayer and controllable sub-monolayer h-BN film on wound Cu foil by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method. By winding the Cu foil substrate into mainspring shape supported by a multi-prong quartz fork, the reactor size limit could be overcome by extending the substrate area to a continuous 2D curl of plane inward. An extremely large-size monolayer h-BN film has been achieved over 25 inches in a 1.2” tube. The optical band gap of h-BN monolayer was determined to be 6.0 eV. The h-BN film was uniformly transferred onto 2” GaN or 4” Si wafer surfaces as a release buffer layer. By HVPE method, overgrowth of thick GaN wafer over 200 μm has been achieved free of residual strain, which could provide high quality homo-epitaxial substrate.
A novel gene cluster allows preferential utilization of fucosylated milk oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum SC596
Authors: Garrido Daniel , Ruiz-Moyano Santiago , Kirmiz Nina , Davis Jasmine C. , Totten Sarah M. , Lemay Danielle G. , Ugalde Juan A. , German J. Bruce , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Mills David A.
Published: October 2016

The infant intestinal microbiota is often colonized by two subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum: subsp. infantis (B. infantis) and subsp. longum (B. longum). Competitive growth of B. infantis in the neonate intestine has been linked to the utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). However, little is known how B. longum consumes HMO. In this study, infant-borne B. longum strains exhibited varying HMO growth phenotypes. While all strains efficiently utilized lacto-N-tetraose, certain strains additionally metabolized fucosylated HMO. B. longum SC596 grew vigorously on HMO, and glycoprofiling revealed a preference for consumption of fucosylated HMO. Transcriptomes of SC596 during early-stage growth on HMO were more similar to growth on fucosyllactose, transiting later to a pattern similar to growth on neutral HMO. B. longum SC596 contains a novel gene cluster devoted to the utilization of fucosylated HMO, including genes for import of fucosylated molecules, fucose metabolism and two α-fucosidases. This cluster showed a modular induction during early growth on HMO and fucosyllactose. This work clarifies the genomic and physiological variation of infant-borne B. longum to HMO consumption, which resembles B. infantis. The capability to preferentially consume fucosylated HMO suggests a competitive advantage for these unique B. longum strains in the breast-fed infant gut.
A Mitochondrial Genome of Rhyparochromidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and a Comparative Analysis of Related Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Li Teng , Yang Jie , Li Yinwan , Cui Ying , Xie Qiang , Bu Wenjun , Hillis David M.
Published: October 2016

The Rhyparochromidae, the largest family of Lygaeoidea, encompasses more than 1,850 described species, but no mitochondrial genome has been sequenced to date. Here we describe the first mitochondrial genome for Rhyparochromidae: a complete mitochondrial genome of Panaorus albomaculatus (Scott, 1874). This mitochondrial genome is comprised of 16,345 bp, and contains the expected 37 genes and control region. The majority of the control region is made up of a large tandem-repeat region, which has a novel pattern not previously observed in other insects. The tandem-repeats region of P. albomaculatus consists of 53 tandem duplications (including one partial repeat), which is the largest number of tandem repeats among all the known insect mitochondrial genomes. Slipped-strand mispairing during replication is likely to have generated this novel pattern of tandem repeats. Comparative analysis of tRNA gene families in sequenced Pentatomomorpha and Lygaeoidea species shows that the pattern of nucleotide conservation is markedly higher on the J-strand. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mitochondrial genomes suggests that Rhyparochromidae is not the sister group to all the remaining Lygaeoidea, and supports the monophyly of Lygaeoidea.
Bacterial abundance and diversity in pond water supplied with different feeds
Authors: Qin Ya , Hou Jie , Deng Ming , Liu Quansheng , Wu Chongwei , Ji Yingjie , He Xugang
Published: October 2016

The abundance and diversity of bacteria in two types of ponds were investigated by quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results revealed that the abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in D ponds (with grass carp fed sudan grass) was significantly lower than that in E ponds (with grass carp fed commercial feed). The microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria in both E and D ponds, while the abundance of some genera was significantly different between the two types of ponds. Specifically, some potential pathogens such as Acinetobacter and Aeromonas were found to be significantly decreased, while some probiotics such as Comamonadaceae unclassified and Bacillales unclassified were significantly increased in D ponds. In addition, water quality of D ponds was better than that of E ponds. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients had significant influence on bacterial communities. The differences in bacterial community compositions between the two types of ponds could be partially explained by the different water conditions.
Wax: A benign hydrogen-storage material that rapidly releases H2-rich gases through microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition
Authors: Gonzalez-Cortes S. , Slocombe D. R. , Xiao T. , Aldawsari A. , Yao B. , Kuznetsov V. L. , Liberti E. , Kirkland A. I. , Alkinani M. S. , Al-Megren H. A. , Thomas J. M. , Edwards P. P.
Published: October 2016

Hydrogen is often described as the fuel of the future, especially for application in hydrogen powered fuel-cell vehicles (HFCV’s). However, its widespread implementation in this role has been thwarted by the lack of a lightweight, safe, on-board hydrogen storage material. Here we show that benign, readily-available hydrocarbon wax is capable of rapidly releasing large amounts of hydrogen through microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition. This discovery offers a new material and system for safe and efficient hydrogen storage and could facilitate its application in a HFCV. Importantly, hydrogen storage materials made of wax can be manufactured through completely sustainable processes utilizing biomass or other renewable feedstocks.
Coherent perfect absorption in one-sided reflectionless media
Authors: Wu Jin-Hui , Artoni M. , La Rocca G. C.
Published: October 2016

In optical experiments one-sided reflectionless (ORL) and coherent perfect absorption (CPA) are unusual scattering properties yet fascinating for their fundamental aspects and for their practical interest. Although these two concepts have so far remained separated from each other, we prove that the two phenomena are indeed strictly connected. We show that a CPA–ORL connection exists between pairs of points lying along lines close to each other in the 3D space-parameters of a realistic lossy atomic photonic crystal. The connection is expected to be a generic feature of wave scattering in non-Hermitian optical media encompassing, as a particular case, wave scattering in parity-time (PT) symmetric media.
Distinct Differences on Neointima Formation in Immunodeficient and Humanized Mice after Carotid or Femoral Arterial Injury
Authors: Moser Jill , van Ark Joris , van Dijk Marcory C. , Greiner Dale L. , Shultz Leonard D. , van Goor Harry , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk
Published: October 2016

Percutaneous coronary intervention is widely adopted to treat patients with coronary artery disease. However, restenosis remains an unsolved clinical problem after vascular interventions. The role of the systemic and local immune response in the development of restenosis is not fully understood. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the human immune system on subsequent neointima formation elicited by vascular injury in a humanized mouse model. Immunodeficient NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIL2rgtm1Wjl(NSG) mice were reconstituted with human (h)PBMCs immediately after both carotid wire and femoral cuff injury were induced in order to identify how differences in the severity of injury influenced endothelial regeneration, neointima formation, and homing of human inflammatory and progenitor cells. In contrast to non-reconstituted mice, hPBMC reconstitution reduced neointima formation after femoral cuff injury whereas hPBMCs promoted neointima formation after carotid wire injury 4 weeks after induction of injury. Neointimal endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the injured arteries were of mouse origin. Our results indicate that the immune system may differentially respond to arterial injury depending on the severity of injury, which may also be influenced by the intrinsic properties of the arteries themselves, resulting in either minimal or aggravated neointima formation.
Functionalized Stress Component onto Bio-template as a Pathway of Cytocompatibility
Authors: Keshavarz Meysam , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: October 2016

This in-vitro study introduces residual stress as a third dimension of cell stimulus to modulate the interaction between cells and bio-template, without the addition of either chemical or physical stimuli onto the bio-template surface. Ultrashort Pulsed Laser (USPL) irradiation of silicon-based bio-template causes recrystallization of silicon, which mismatches the original crystal orientation of the virgin silicon. Consequently, subsurface Induced Residual Stress (IRS) is generated. The IRS components demonstrated a strong cytocompatibility, whereas the peripheral of IRS, which is the interface between the IRS component and the virgin silicon surface, a significant directional cell alignment was observed. Fibroblast cells shown to be more sensitive to the stress component than Hela cancer cells. It revealed that cytocompatibility in terms of cell migration and directional cell alignment is directly proportional to the level of the IRS component. Higher stress level results in more cell alignment and border migration width. There is a stress threshold below which the stress component completely loses the functionality. These results pointed to a functionalized bio-template with tunable cytocompatibility. This study may lead to a new tool for the designing and engineering of bio-template.
Disentangling the stochastic behavior of complex time series
Authors: Anvari Mehrnaz , Tabar M. Reza Rahimi , Peinke Joachim , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: October 2016

Complex systems involving a large number of degrees of freedom, generally exhibit non-stationary dynamics, which can result in either continuous or discontinuous sample paths of the corresponding time series. The latter sample paths may be caused by discontinuous events – or jumps – with some distributed amplitudes, and disentangling effects caused by such jumps from effects caused by normal diffusion processes is a main problem for a detailed understanding of stochastic dynamics of complex systems. Here we introduce a non-parametric method to address this general problem. By means of a stochastic dynamical jump-diffusion modelling, we separate deterministic drift terms from different stochastic behaviors, namely diffusive and jumpy ones, and show that all of the unknown functions and coefficients of this modelling can be derived directly from measured time series. We demonstrate appli- cability of our method to empirical observations by a data-driven inference of the deterministic drift term and of the diffusive and jumpy behavior in brain dynamics from ten epilepsy patients. Particularly these different stochastic behaviors provide extra information that can be regarded valuable for diagnostic purposes.
Molecular etiology and genotype-phenotype correlation of Chinese Han deaf patients with type I and type II Waardenburg Syndrome
Authors: Sun Lianhua , Li Xiaohua , Shi Jun , Pang Xiuhong , Hu Yechen , Wang Xiaowen , Wu Hao , Yang Tao
Published: October 2016

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary abnormalities is genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically variable. This study investigated the molecular etiology and genotype-phenotype correlation of WS in 36 Chinese Han deaf probands and 16 additional family members that were clinically diagnosed with WS type I (WS1, n = 8) and type II (WS2, n = 42). Mutation screening of six WS-associated genes detected PAX3 mutations in 6 (86%) of the 7 WS1 probands. Among the 29 WS2 probands, 13 (45%) and 10 (34%) were identified with SOX10 and MITF mutations, respectively. Nineteen of the 26 detected mutations were novel. In WS2 probands whose parental DNA samples were available, de novo mutations were frequently seen for SOX10 mutations (7/8) but not for MITF mutations (0/5, P = 0.005). Excessive freckle, a common feature of WS2 in Chinese Hans, was frequent in WS2 probands with MITF mutations (7/10) but not in those with SOX10 mutations (0/13, P = 4.9 × 10−4). Our results showed that mutations in SOX10 and MITF are two major causes for deafness associated with WS2. These two subtypes of WS2 can be distinguished by the high de novo rate of the SOX10 mutations and the excessive freckle phenotype exclusively associated with the MITF mutations.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced hemolysis: Evidence for direct membrane interactions
Authors: Brauckmann Stephan , Effenberger-Neidnicht Katharina , de Groot Herbert , Nagel Michael , Mayer Christian , Peters Jürgen , Hartmann Matthias
Published: October 2016

While hemolysis in patients with sepsis is associated with increased mortality its mechanisms are unknown and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 mediated effects, complement-mediated hemolysis, or direct cell membrane effects are all conceivable mechanisms. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that toxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as non-toxic RS-LPS evokes hemolysis (1) by direct membrane effects, and (2) independent of the complement system and TLR-4 activation. We found, that incubation with LPS resulted in a marked time and concentration dependent increase of free hemoglobin concentration and LDH activity in whole blood and washed red cells. Red cell integrity was diminished as shown by decreased osmotic resistance, formation of schistocytes and rolls, and a decrease in red cell membrane stiffness. Non-toxic RS-LPS inhibited the LPS-evoked increase in TNF-α concentration demonstrating its TLR-4 antagonism, but augmented LPS-induced increase in supernatant hemoglobin concentration and membrane disturbances. Removal of plasma components in washed red cell assays failed to attenuate hemolysis. In summary, this study demonstrates direct physicochemical interactions of LPS with red cell membranes resulting in hemolysis under in vitro conditions. It might thus be hypothesized, that not all effects of LPS are mediated by TLR and may explain LPS toxicity in cells missing TLR.