bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ayurvedic Management of Male Infertility Due to Granthi Sukradusti: A Case Report
Authors: Warriar Rajitha R , Thomas K Hiran Mary
Published: December 2024

Infertility carries a significant emotional, psychological, and social burden for individuals and couples, affecting not only their own lives but also of their families and communities. The journey through infertility can be physically demanding, emotionally draining, and financially straining. This is a case of infertility due to both male and female factors, in which clinical details of male partner are discussed here. Couple came with complaints of inability to beget a child even after 7 years of unprotected sexual life. Male had complaints of reduced motility with hyperviscosity and increased liquefaction time in the semen analysis report and dry, scaly skin lesions with itching in bilateral lower limbs diagnosed as Vicharchika (a type of skin disease). Female partner was a known case of PCOS. Semen hyperviscosity can cause male factor infertility both in-vivo and in-vitro with a prevalence rate between 12-29%. It can impair normal sperm movement in the female reproductive tract. In Ayurvedic perspective, this male factor infertility may be diagnosed as Vandhyatva due to Granthibhutha Sukradusthi caused by vata kapha vitiation. The treatment mainly focused on sodhana and samana of vata kapha dosa, thus promoting spermatogenesis and modifying the functions of accessory reproductive glands. The female factor was also addressed concurrently. As a result, the quality of beeja (sperm and ovum) improved and achieved pregnancy. Attainment of normal seminal parameters and successful conception through 5 months of intervention highlights the effectiveness of Ayurveda in addressing fertility issues in men.
Clinical Efficacy of Safuf-i-Baraṣin the Management of Fasad Al-Lawn (Hypopigmentation): A Case Study
Authors: Jan Ifrat , Sheeraz Mohammed , Jan Aalie
Published: December 2024

This case study inspects the Unani management of Fasad Lawn wa Bashrah (Hypopigmentation) which can be seen in at least one out of 20 people, through a poly herbal Unani formulation Saf𝑢̅f-i-Barṣ.A 40 years old male patient with white patches of hypopigmentation over the arm from one year, seeking Unani treatment, was treated with Saf𝑢̅f-i-Bars in RRIUM, Srinagar, J and K. The patient was advised to take Zulal (Concoction) of 10gm of Saf𝑢̅f-i- Bars orally, and the Thufl (sediments of drug) was applied over the affected parts once a day for 30 days. He was also instructed to expose the affected area to sunlight for approximately 10 minutes daily, after applying the medication locally. The intervention aimed to strengthen the Quwwa-e-Mughayyira (faculty which helps in the assimilation of food) of the skin, targeted tissue nourishment and to rectify the Fasad-i-kh𝑢̅n (Chronic abnormality of blood which affects the nutrition of the skin and produces various changes in it e.g. pigmentation, discolouration, Melasma etc.). Primary and secondary outcome measures were assessed by Photographs and arbitrary scale before and after the treatment, showing significant improvement in hypo pigmented patches of skin and a colour change in patches from white to normal skin colour, indicating the effectiveness of the Unani system of Medicine’s approach in managing FasadAl-Lawn wa Bashrah (Hypopigmentation).
Effect of Integrated Naturopathy and Yoga therapies in a patient with Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Deepa Y , S Manirathinam , Moovendhan A , Mark Michael Chandran R , Deepika R
Published: December 2024

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is important kidney disease that affect three out of every 100,000 adults are every year. The objective of this case report is to find the effect of integrated naturopathy and yoga therapies (INYT) in a patient with NS. A 22-year-old man was experiencing palpitations, exhaustion, foamy and foul-smelling urine for the past 6-months and visited our outpatient department on 11-January-2023. Urine analysis showed an increased levels of protein (50 mg/dL) and red blood cell (RBC) (>1 mg/dL) and thus diagnosed as NS. He is not under allopathic medication. For abovementioned complaints, he was taken Ayurvedic medicine such as Prabhakar Vati 500 mg 1 tablet (1-0-1) and Chandraprabha Vati 500 mg 1 tablet0-1-0) for the past two months and discontinued couple of weeks ago without medical advice. He received INYT along with an herbal concoction (50 ml) daily, for 15 days in inpatient department (IPD). In follow-up he was advised to take herbal concoction for three days a week and to practice yoga therapy daily once either in the morning or evening as in IPD hospital stay. Results showed a reduction in perceived stress, hematuria and other urinary symptoms after discharge from IPD. Moreover, proteinuria and hematuria values were returned back to normal range and he got rid of NS symptoms like foul and foamy urine after 151 days of follow-up.
Topical Application of Herbal Unani formulation in the chronic Relapsing Dermatophytosis related Erythoderma: A Case Report
Authors: Wani Tooba Bilal , Sheeraz Mohammed , . Sahiba
Published: December 2024

Tinea corporis is the most prevalent form of dermatophytosis and can clinically present with various altered or atypical forms. One of the altered presentations of chronic dermatophytosis is erythroderma. Determining the underlying cause of erythroderma can be challenging for physicians. Dermatophytosis, a known cause of erythroderma, represents a significant global burden on public health and the economy, especially in endemic areas like India, where there has been a notable rise in treatment-resistant cases. Here, we report a case of drug-resistant tinea corporis presenting to the OPD of RRIUM Srinagar with erythrodermic lesions, a rare and atypical morphology of tinea. Unani medicine, with its extensive range of therapeutic options for Tinea (Qūba), was employed in this case. The patient was treated with Marham-i-Qūba, a Unani formulation. The patient was instructed to apply two fingertip units of the formulation (approximately 1 gram) locally, twice daily, on the affected areas for a duration of 15 days. Weekly subjective assessments were conducted using the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) scale, and photographic assessments were performed for objective evaluation before and after treatment. Additionally, potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy of skin scrapings was done pre- and post-treatment. Two follow-up assessments were carried out after treatment to monitor for lesion relapse. The subjective and objective parameters showed remarkable improvement, warranting documentation of this case.
Ayurveda-Based Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Symptomatic Adenomyosis: A Case Report
Authors: K Safeera , U Pooja Menon , R Warriar Rajitha
Published: December 2024

Adenomyosis is a clinical condition where there is ingrowth of the endometrium directly to the uterine myometrium. Symptoms of adenomyosis typically include menorrhagia, pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea. Hysterectomy has been considered as definitive management for Adenomyosis. A 36-year-old obese female patient with regular cycles and moderate bleeding presented with severe dysmenorrhoea for the past 5 years. The pain was aching in nature, deep in the pelvis restricting her from doing day-to-day activities. She also had complaints of weight gain and fatigue, bloating of the abdomen, and whole-body pain premenstrually. The bimanual examination was suggestive of bulky uterus and pelvic USG was confirmative of Adenomyosis. As the patient presented with yonithoda (lower abdominal pain), gulma (bloated abdomen) and vankshana parswa vyatha (low back ache) it was considered as vathiki yoni vyapath. In this condition, the pain is predominantly due to vata dosha. The pitta kapha raktha pradhana sopha involved in the samprapthi of the disease also contributes to the pain. In this case, as the patient is obese, sthoulyahara chikitsa incorporated with vata anulomana and pitta,kapha,raktha samana was the treatment plan. The symptoms were gradually relieved by 3 months of treatment at the Department of Prasuti evam Stri Roga, Government Ayurveda College, Tripunithura, Ernakulam, Kerala.
Agnikarma in the Management of Garbhashaya Greeva Mukha Gata Vrana w.s.r. to Cervical Erosion: A Single Case Study
Authors: Wijethunga U P P , Senarathna N. , Sajeewani H.L.M. G
Published: December 2024

Garbhashaya Greeva Gata Vrana (cervical erosion) is a pathological condition characterized by abnormal changes in cervical epithelial cells, often associated with chronic inflammation and tissue degeneration. In Ayurveda, the treatment focuses on addressing the root cause through a systematic and holistic approach that integrates systemic purification, Dosha pacification, and targeted interventions. The protocol begins with Ama Pachana and Agni Deepana to enhance digestive fire (Agni) and clear metabolic toxins (Ama), ensuring tissue-level readiness for subsequent therapies. This is followed by Virechana Karma, a therapeutic purgation to remove vitiated Dosha, cleanse the channels (Srotoshodhana), and purify the blood (Rakta Shodhana). These preparatory measures optimize tissue metabolism (Dhatvagni) and create a conducive environment for healing. The targeted intervention, Agnikarma using Chandrodya Varti, focuses on the localized destruction of abnormal cervical cells while promoting wound cleansing (Vrana Shodhana) and healing (Vrana Ropana). This classical Ayurveda technique is further supported by Yoni Sheka and Yoni Poorana, which involve medicated decoctions and oils to cleanse, nourish, and regenerate the cervical tissue. This comprehensive treatment approach demonstrates significant efficacy by addressing systemic and localized factors, enhancing cellular regeneration, and restoring cervical health. The conceptual foundation of Ayurveda ensures a sustainable outcome, highlighting the importance of Agnikarma as a critical therapeutic tool in managing Garbhashaya Greeva Gata Vrana.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Cure Through Ayurveda: A Case Study
Authors: Menon Arathy , Chacko James , Kundagol Mahesh , P. V Anandaraman , Soman Devipriya
Published: December 2024

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) is a clinical condition characterized by the inability to stay awake and alert during the major waking periods of the day. This affects a person’s academic, professional and social domains impairing their quality of life. Moreover, EDS can be an early indicator of decline in cognitive functioning and onset of dementia as studies have found its association in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. The same scenario is seen among Parkinson’s disease population. Current systems of medicine address only the subjective condition in EDS and are associated with side effects over quality of life. This set off the need to address this issue. In Ayurveda, these symptoms can be brought under Nidradhikya. This is a case of EDS presented with complaints of falling asleep without being aware of it while at work. He was assessed with Modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (MESS). Further, his blood and urine routine were evaluated to exclude any underlying diseases. The condition was managed by Pachana-Deepana, Snehapana, Vamana followed by Samana Aushadha for one month after which follow up was done where MESS score reduced to 4 which was 19 before the treatment. This report demonstrates a case of EDS successfully managed with Ayurvedic intervention.
O PAPEL DA LEITURA NA FORMAÇÃO SOCIAL: Desafios e possibilidades de trabalho na educação infantil
Authors: Maciel Barbosa Laís
Published: December 2024

Ler é uma atividade que ultrapassa o sentido de apenas decodificar palavras. A
leitura é, sem dúvida, uma ferramenta essencial para formação do indivíduo. Como os
primeiros anos de vida do sujeito são determinantes para o seu desenvolvimento a longo
prazo, introduzir essa prática é fundamental para que ela se torne um cidadão ativo, crítico e
participativo, ciente do seu lugar no mundo. Os benefícios dessa atividade são inúmeros para
a criança: amplia a criatividade, aumenta o vocabulário, ajuda na concentração e impulsiona o
desenvolvimento cognitivo de modo geral. No entanto, trabalhar com a leitura, especialmente
na Educação Infantil, pode se constituir em uma tarefa bastante desafiadora. Apesar de todos
os avanços, ainda hoje existem diversos obstáculos a serem superados no processo de
oferecer uma educação de qualidade e que seja realmente transformadora na vida das
pessoas. Fatores como a família, a instituição escolar e até mesmo a prática do professor em
sala de aula são condições determinantes para o sucesso ou fracasso da leitura. No entanto,
apesar das dificuldades que envolvem essa prática, existem inúmeras possibilidades de
trabalho que podem ser desenvolvidas, envolvendo todos os participantes do processo
educativo e oferecendo bons resultados para o aluno. Dessa forma, o presente artigo tem por
objetivo descrever, a partir de uma investigação teórica, o papel da leitura na formação social
do indivíduo, com enfoque na Educação Infantil, buscando analisar os desafios e
possibilidades de trabalho relacionadas a esse universo tão vasto e promissor e que tem o
potencial para transformar a sociedade.
Parental Knowledge and Attitude Toward Children Foreign Body Aspiration in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jamjoom Maan , Altirkistani Bsaim Abdulsalam , Kuwaity Lamar Hattan , Alhuzali Abdullah Faisal , Aledwani Batoul Najeeb , Alrashid Hussa Ali , Alhazmi Nada Ali
Published: December 2024

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) causes morbidity and mortality in children. Caregivers play a major role in maintaining the children’s safety and well-being. Therefore, this study aimed to assess parents’ knowledge and attitudes toward children’s FBA in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: We used an online questionnaire to assess parents’ understanding of FBA, confidence in applying first aid, and details of any previous choking incidents. The data collection process started on May 2023 till July 2023. Statistical software “JMP” was used to analyze the collected data. Results: 60.55% of 1,280 total participants chose “1-2 years old” as the most common age group prone to choking. Most parents chose coins, toys, and button batteries as the most likely objects to cause choking, whereas only 1% chose raspberries and apples to cause choking. 72.03% of the participants believed that raspberry ingestion by children did not require immediate hospital transfer. 63.91% of the participants preferred removing objects from their children's reach to prevent choking incidents. Nevertheless, only 3.83% considered themselves very confident in applying first aid. Conclusion: This study revealed that many parents are aware of the life-threatening nature of FBA. Coins were the most frequently identified choking hazard. However, a few recognized raspberries and apples as choking hazards. Therefore, awareness needs to be raised by campaigns and educational workshops to correct misconceptions and increase parents' confidence in their first aid skills, as aspiration is commonly encountered in homes.
ສຶກສາຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່ກັບການການເກີດອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ
Authors: ວົງສະຫງ່າ ນິດດາວອນ , ບຸນວິໄລ ລໍາພູນ , ໄຊຍະວົງ ພອນອະໄພ , ສີຈັນທະລາ ບຸນວິໄລ , ໄຊຍະວົງ ແຫວນເພັດ
Published: December 2024

ບົດຄົ້ນຄວ້າສະບັບນີ້ແມ່ນໄດ້ສຶກສາຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາໃນ ສປປ ລາວ.ໂດຍມີຈຸດປະສົງເພື່ອສຶກສາສະພາບລວມຂອງການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2013-2019 ແລະ ຜົນກະທົບຂອງການຫວ່າງງານ ແລະ ປັດໄຈອື່ນໆທີ່ມີຜົນຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ ໃນ ສປປ ລາວ.ໂດຍ ນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີການວິເຄາະໃນຮູບແບບສົມຜົນການຄາດປະ ມານກໍາລັງສອງນ້ອຍສຸດເຂົ້າໃນການປະເມີນຄ່າສໍາປະສິດທີ່ສະແດງເຖິງຄວາມສໍາພັນລະຫວ່າງຕົວປ່ຽນຕາມ ແລະ ຕົວປ່ຽນອິດສະຫຼະທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງໃນແບບຈໍາ ລອງ, ພ້ອມທັງກວດສອບບັນຫາພະຫຸສໍາພັນໂດຍນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີ Correlation Matrix ແລະ ກວດບັນຫາສະຫະສໍາພັນດ້ວຍນໍາໃຊ້ວິທີ Breusch-pagan/Cook - Weisberg test ແລະ ແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາດັ່ງກ່າວດ້ວຍວິທີການປັບປ່ຽນຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານຂອງ OLS.ຜົນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າສາມາສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ວ່າ: ສະພາບລວມຂອງການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາໃນ ສປປ ລາວນັບແຕ່ປີ 2013-2019 ສາມາດສະຫຼຸບໄດ້ຄື: ປີ 2013 ມີອາຊະຍາກໍາເກີດຂຶ້ນ 3,385 ຄັ້ງ, 2014 ມີ 3,959 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ2013ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ16.95%), 2015 ມີ 5,147 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ 2014 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 30%),  ປີ 2016 ມີ 5,066 ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບໃສ່ 2015 ຫຼຸດລົງ 1.5%), ປີ 2017 ມີ 5,136 ຄັ້ງ (ທຽບໃສ່ 2016 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 1.3%), ປີ 2018 ມີ 6,171ຄັ້ງ(ທຽບກັບ 2017 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 20.15%), ປີ2019 ມີ 5,820 ຄັ້ງ (ທຽບກັບ2018ຫຼຸດລົງ 5.6%) ແລະ ການຫວ່າງງານໃນ ສປປ ລາວ ໃນ ປີ 2017 ແມ່ນ 9.4% ເຊິ່ງແບ່ງເປັນແຕ່ລະແຂວງໄດ້ດັ່ງນີ້: ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ 0.03%, ຜົ້ງສາລີ 0.04%, ຫຼວງນໍ້າທາ 0.06%, ອຸດົມໄຊ 0.06%, ບໍ່ແກ້ວ 0.06%, ຫຼວງພະບາງ0.05%, ຫົວພັນ 0.07%, ໄຊຍະບູລີ 0.03%, ຊຽງຂວາງ 0.04%, ວຽງຈັນ 0.06%, ບໍລິຄໍາໄຊ 0.06%, ຄໍາມ່ວນ 0.06%, ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ 0.08%, ຈໍາປາສັກ 0.05%, ສາລະວັນ 0.07%, ເຊກອງ 0.05%, ອັດຕະປື 0.05%, ໄຊສົມບູນ 0.06%. ເຊິ່ງແຂວງທີ່ມີການຫວ່າງງານສູງທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນແຂວງສະຫວັນນະເຂດ ແລະ ແຂວງທີ່ມີການຫວ່າງງານຕໍ່າສຸດແມ່ນແຂວງໄຊຍະບູລີ. ຈາກການວິເຄາະເຫັນໄດ້ວ່າ ຄວາມໜ້າແໜ້ນຂອງປະຊາກອນ,ຈໍານວນຫົວໜ່ວຍທຸລະກິດ ແລະ ລາຍໄດ້ຂອງຄົວເຮືອນສົ່ງຜົນເຮັດໃຫ້ມີການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ,ແຕ່ພົນລະເມືອງທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນຕົວເມືອງເຮັດໃຫ້ການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາຫຼຸດລົງ. ສ່ວນການຫວ່າງງານ,ຈໍານວນເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຕໍາຫຼວດແລະ ລະດັບການສຶກສາຂອງພົນລະເມືອງບໍ່ມີຜົນຕໍ່ກັບການກໍ່ອາຊະຍາກໍາ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ຜົນກະທົບ, ການຫວ່າງງານ, ການການເກີດອາຊະຍາກໍາ  ແລະ ສປປ ລາວ
ການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່
Authors: ມາລາສິງ ຄໍາໃບ
Published: December 2024

ຈູດປະສົງຂອງການສຶກສາແມ່ນເພື່ອສຶກສາຄວາມສໍາເລັດຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານ ມາ (1986-2022), ສຶກສາບັນຫາຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ແລະ ສຶກສາວິທີການພັດທະນາຊັບ ພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່. ສຶກສາແບບຄຸນນະພາບ ເນັ້ນສຶກສາ ແລະ ວິເຄາະເອກະສານ ຜົນການສຶກສາພົບວ່າ ຜົນສໍາເລັດໃນການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ໃນໄລຍະຜ່ານມາ (1986-2022) ເຫັນວ່າ ຖືກຕ້ອງສອດຄ່ອງກັບແນວທາງການປ່ຽນແປງໃໝ່ທີ່ຖືເອົາການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເປັນໃຈກາງໃນການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ ເຮັດໃຫ້ການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນແຕ່ລະຂົງເຂດປະສົບຜົນສໍາເລັດສົມຄວນຄື ການສ້າງ ແລະ ປັບປຸງນິຕິກໍາການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໄດ້ດໍາເນີນການຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ນັ້ນກໍເພື່ອເປັນເຄື່ອງມື ແລະ ພື້ນຖານທາງດ້ານກົດໝາຍທີ່ສຳຄັນໃຫ້ແກ່ການຄຸ້ມຄອງ ແລະ ພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ສາມາດບັນລຸເປົ້າໝາຍ ແລະ ດີຂຶ້ນເທື່ອລະກ້າວໃນແຕ່ລະຂົງເຂດເປັນຕົ້ນແມ່ນຂົງເຂດການສຶກສາ, ສາທາ ແລະ ແຮງງານ ຖືວ່າເປັນໃຈກາງສໍາຄັນຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ. ບັນຫາຂອງການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ ພົບວ່າ ການສ້າງ ແລະ ປະກາດໃຊ້ບັນດານິຕິກຳຈຳນວນຫຼວງ ຫຼາຍ ແຕ່ກໍຍັງເຫັນວ່າຍັງບໍ່ທັນຮັດກຸມ, ມີຊ່ອງຫວ່າງ ແລະ ຊຳ້ຊ້ອນ; ການບັງຄັບໃຊ້ຍັງບໍ່ທົ່ວເຖິງ ແລະ ປະສິດພາບບໍ່ສູງ. ສ່ວນວິທີການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດເພື່ອຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຮຽກຮ້ອງຕ້ອງການຂອງການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດໃນໄລຍະໃໝ່ແມ່ນຄວນຜັນຂະຫຍາຍມະຕິກອງປະຊຸມໃຫຍ່ຄັ້ງທີ XI ຂອງພັກໃນການພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດໃນເງື່ອນໄຂໃໝ່, ຕ້ອງສ້າງຄົນລາວໃຫ້ມີຄວາມພ້ອມໃນທຸກດ້ານ, ຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງໃຫ້ສອດຄ່ອງກັບທິດພັດທະນາຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ. ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ, ຕ້ອງສົ່ງເສີມການຄົ້ນ ຄວ້າ ແລະ ຖືສໍາຄັນການປົກປ້ອງລິຂະສິດ, ຕອບສະໜອງຜົນປະໂຫຍດຢ່າງສົມເຫດສົມຜົນໃຫ້ຜູ້ທີ່ມີຜົນງານປະດິດສ້າງ, ປັບປຸງເນື້ອໃນຫູັກສູດ ແລະ ວິທີສິດສອນໃນລະບົບການສຶກສາສາມັນແຕ່ລະຂັ້ນ, ຮັບປະກັນໃຫ້ຄົນລາວມີລະດັບການສຶກສາພື້ນຖານທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ມີການພັດທະນາດ້ານອາຊີບ ແລະ ມີສີມືການອອກແຮງງານທີ່ດີ, ສາມາດຄົ້ນຄວ້າປະດິດສ້າງ ແລະ ເປັນເຈົ້າການນໍາໃຊ້ວິທະຍາສາດ-ເຕັກໂນໂລຊີທີ່ທັນສະໄໝ ໂດຍສະເພາະແມ່ນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຂ່າວສານ ແລະ ການສື່ສານທີ່ທັນສະໄໝ ໃຫ້ທຽບພາກພື້ນ ແລະ ສາກົນ, ແລະ ປະຕິບັດຍຸດທະສາດພັດທະນາຄົນໃນດ້ານສຸຂະພາບ, ຮ່າງກາຍຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ດ້ວຍການສ້າງລະບົບບໍລິການສຸຂະພາບໃຫ້ທົ່ວເຖິງ ແລະ ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ສຸມໃສ່ຍົກລະດັບບາງໂຮງໝໍໃຫ້ຢູ່ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ ແລະ ເຂດແຄ້ວນໃຫ້ມີລະດັບການກວດ ແລະ ປິ່ນປົວທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບສູງ, ສະໜອງຄວາມຮູ້ໂພສະນາການໃຫ້ກວ້າງຂວາງ, ເລິກເຊິ່ງໃຫ້ປະຊາຊົນຕື່ນຕົວເປັນເຈົ້າການໃນການຮັກສາສຸຂະພາບຂອງຕົນເອງ, ຂອງຄອບຄົວ ແລະ ຂອງຊຸມຊົນ ແລະ ການພັດທະນາຄຸນຄ່າວັດທະນະທໍາຂອງຊາດ, ຮຽນຮູ້ມູນເຊື້ອຄວາມສາມັກຄີປອງດອງ, ມີສະຕິຮັກຊາດ ແລະ ເສຍສະຫຼະເພື່ອຜົນປະໂຫຍດ ລວມ, ປູກຈິດສໍານຶກ ແລະ ຄວາມຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ສັງຄົມ, ສ້າງສະຕິເຄົາລົບກົດໝາຍ, ຕື່ນຕົວປະຕິບັດພັນທະພົນລະເມືອງ ແລະມີຈັນຍາບັນໃນການປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ເພື່ອສັງຄົມ.ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ: ການພັດທະນາ, ຊັບພະຍາກອນມະນຸດ, ການພັດທະນາປະເທດຊາດ ແລະ ໄລຍະໃໝ່
ການພັດທະນາຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ
Authors: ເພັງສີດາລາ ຄໍາຫຼ້າ , ສຸຂະວົງ ສີຖານ , ວົງຄໍາຈັນ ສຸນຽງ
Published: December 2024

ການ​ຄົ້​ນ​ຄ້ວ​ຄັ້ງ​ນີ້ ມີ​ຈຸດ​ປະ​ສົງ ເພື່ອ​ພັດ​ທະ​ນາ​ຮູບ​ແບບການ​ບໍ​ລິ​ຫານ​ໂຮງ​ຮຽນ​ພອນ​ສະ​ຫວັນ​ກິ​ລາ-ກາຍ​ຍະ​ກຳ ໂດຍ​ດຳ​ເນີ​ການ​ຄົ້ນ​ຄວ້າ​ເປັນ 4 ໄລ​ຍະ ຄື ໄລ​ຍະ​ທີ່ 1 ສຶກສາສະພາບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກຳ  ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້​ການ​ວິ​ເຄາະ​ເອກ​ກະ​ສານ ແລະ ການ​ສຶກ​ສາ​ສໍາຫຼວດ (Survey) ຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ວິຊາການ ຈໍານວນ 154 ທ່ານ ໂດຍການ​ເລືອກກຸ່ມເປົ້າ​ໝາຍແບບເຈາະຈົງ (Purposive Sampling), ໄລຍະທີ 2 ພັດທະນາຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້ເທັກນິກເດວຟາຍ (Delphi Technique) ໂດຍ​ລວບ​ລວມ​ຄວາມ​ຄິດ​ເຫັນ​ຈາກ​ຜູ້​ຊ່ຽວຊານ ຈຳ​ນວນ 19 ທ່ານ, ໄລຍະທີ3  ກວດ​ສອບ​ຄວາມ​ເປັນ​ໄປ​ໄດ້ຂອງຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້​ການ​ປະ​ຊຸມຜູ້ອາ​ວຸດ​ໂສ (Expert Meeting) ຈໍານວນ 9 ທ່ານ ແລະ ໄລຍະທີ 4
ປະເມີນ ຢືນ​ຢັນຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະ ຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ໃຊ້​ການ​ສຳຫຼວດຄວາມຄິດເຫັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ວິຊາການ ຈໍານວນ 39 ທ່ານ. ເຄື່ອງ​ມື​ທີ່​ໃຊ້ເປັນ​ແບບ​ສອບ​ຖາມ​ມາດ​ຕາ​ສ່ວນ​ປະ​ເມີນ​ຄ່າ 5 ລະ​ດັບ ເພື່ອ​ປະ​ເມີນ​ຄວາມ​ຄິດ​ເຫັນ​ຂອງ​ຜູ້​ຊ່ຽວ​ຊານ ຜູ້​ບໍ​ລິ​ຫານ ແລະ ວິ​ຊາ​ການ. ສະ​ຖິ​ຕິ​ທີ່​ໃຊ້​ໄດ້​ແກ່​ຄ່າສະເລ່ຍ    () ແລະ ຄ່າຜັນປ່ຽນມາດຕະຖານ (S.D).
ຜົນ​ການ​ຄົ້ນ​ຄວ້າ​ພົບ​ວ່າ ຮູບແບບຂອງການບໍລິຫານໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ ປະ​ກອບ​ມີ 9 ອົງປະກອບຄືອົງປະກອບດ້ານນະໂຍບາຍ (Politic), ອົງ​ປະ​ກອບດ້ານການຈັດການງົບປະມານ (Budgeting), ອົງ​ປະກອບ​ດ້ານບຸກ​ຄະ​ລາ​ກອນ (Personel), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການລາຍງານ (Report), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການປະ ສານງານ (Coordingting), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການວາງແຜນ (Planning), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການຄວບຄຸມ (Controlling), ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການຈັດການອົງກອນ (Organizing) ແລະ ອົງປະກອບດ້ານການນໍາພາ (Leading).
ຄໍາສັບສໍາຄັນ  ການພັດທະນາ, ຮູບແບບການບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ໂຮງຮຽນພອນສະຫວັນກິລາ-ກາຍຍະກໍາ
GENERALIDADES EN MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL
Authors: Moreno Xiomara , Vialva Andris
Published: December 2024

La microbiota intestinal es el conjunto de millones de microorganismos que conviven en simbiosis en el tracto gastrointestinal de nuestro organismo. Diferentes metodologías han descrito cuatro filos bacterianos: Firmicutes, Actinobacterias, Bacteroidetes y Proteobacterias, como las más abundantes, aunque su abundancia es relativa y variable entre individuos; también han identificado en menor proporción el filo Archaea y los hongos. La microbiota participa en funciones, como el metabolismo, la protección e inmunidad en el intestino provocando efectos favorecedores para la persona. En la presente revisión se pretende conocer sobre los nuevos avances de la microbiota intestinal en cuanto a su composición, funciones, desarrollo evolutivo en el humano, su aporte a la salud y las metodologías para su identificación existentes para el momento.
On the Scientific Nature of Legal Scholarship
Authors: GÁBRIŠ Tomáš
Published: December 2024

T﻿he ‘scientific’ nature of legal scholarship represents a long-term, more than 150-year-long controversy in which it is often questioned whether legal scholarship is really a science. In this paper, try to compare the features of unquestioned ‘real’ sciences (meaning specifically natural sciences), with the features of legal scholarship, in order to assess to what extent legal scholarship meets the standards of science accepted in natural sciences. We prove that some features of proper scientificity are thereby not being met by the natural sciences themselves.
Butoh and Embodied Transformation
Authors: Liljefors Max
Published: December 2024

The Japanese avant-garde dance form butoh, founded by Hijikata Tatsumi in the late 1950s, is known for its marked physicality. The choreographic methodology of butoh, however, is not focused primarily on instructing the dancers how to move their bodies. Instead, the dancers work with verbal and mental imagery to transform into butoh-tai, the “butoh body,” a special form of embodiment from which the dance is thought to unfold as its external manifestation. I propose that this is an aesthetic process that can be explained by a combination of theories from empirical and philosophical aesthetics, about empathy, embodied simulation, and the body schema. These theories, which hypothesize an inner, neural body at work in the aesthetic experience, shed light both on the crucial role of imagination in butoh, and on a potential for transformation inherent in the aesthetic experience per se.
Emmanuel Levinas's Aesthetic Consciousness
Authors: Pentikäinen Jussi
Published: December 2024

Emmanuel Levinas is widely known for his polemical stance towards art. Especially in his earlier writings in the 1940s, he famously calls into question its ethical potential. In this article, I analyse some of Levinas’s early writings in order to answer the following questions: How does Levinas understand the nature of art, and how does this understanding allow him to criticise it, often in harsh terms? I turn to Hans-Georg Gadamer’s concept of aesthetic consciousness, which I argue shares similarities with Levinas’s stance on art. I argue that re evaluating Levinas’s stance allows one to tackle topical issues of aesthetics from the viewpoint of his ethical philosophy. Through showing how Levinas’s aesthetic consciousness hinges on a problematic relationship between conceptual truth and art, and through emphasising the role of criticism, I suggest that Levinas’s thought can be utilised in approaching contemporary questions of the autonomy of art and aesthetics.
The Temporal Organisation of Leaning in Social Interaction
Authors: Mortensen Kristian , Hazel Spencer
Published: December 2024

EMCA research has documented how the moving human body is a core resource for sense-making. This means that people engaged in interaction are constantly foraging for materials from which to fashion their contributions (Goodwin, 2018). Co-participants, in turn, are faced with a set of raw materials being mobilised and potentially used as resources for sense-making. In this paper, we focus on a particular bodily movement, learning forward. The unsupported lean is temporally organized and bringing the body off balance projects that the lean will be resolved. The study uses video-data from a range of institutional settings to explore how a leaning body is treated as indexing a range of social actions. We discuss this as having emerged from the human capacity to stand upright, and a shared knowledge of the additional exertion required to counteract gravitational forces when bringing the upper body off its vertical axis.
Protein quantification in frozen swine semen filtered with Percoll
Authors: Barrientos Morales Manuel , Lagunes-Moreno Claudia Karina , Vallecillo López María Alondra , Avalos-Rosario Ivan Isaias , Izabella Witelus  , Montaño García Sandra Elena
Published: December 2024

In this study, the protein concentration in fresh and frozen semen samples from three breeds was determined using discontinuous Percoll gradients. Ejaculates (n = 34) from Large White, German Pietrain, and Duroc-Jersey boars were cryopreserved. After thawing, Percoll gradients were used to process the samples. Protein extraction was performed through the Bradford method. The absorbance of the solution was measured using a microplate spectrophotometer at 562 nm and aliquots were analyzed after solvation. Protein concentration were evaluated using the absorbance values of the lowest dilution within the calibration range. Protein concentration was higher in fresh samples (0,169 mg/ml) compared to frozen samples (0,127 mg/ml). Among breeds, Duroc samples showed the highest protein concentration (0,163 mg/mL), followed by Large White (0,146 mg/mL), and German Pietrain (0,129 mg/mL). Therefore, it was shown that cryopreservation caused a decrease in protein concentration.
Research on the Novel Manufacturing Technology for Compact Radio Frequency Quadrupole Design and Production
Authors:   , Pikurs Guntis
Published: December 2024

The Thesis is devoted to the study of the applicability of additive manufacturing (AM) technology in particle accelerator manufacturing, highlighting product quality requirements that are significantly higher than in other industries and that have so far prevented the penetration of AM technology in this market segment. The work addresses the design, fabrication and testing of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) prototype, from RFQ Q-factor enhancement and design concept through to final metrological testing, with the exception of radio-frequency tests, which were not within the scope of this study.
Relationships between Relative Strength, Power, and Speed among NCAA Division II Men's Lacrosse Athletes
Authors: Johnson Quincy R. , Stahl Cody A. , Yang Yang , Gabriel Tim , Zaragoza Javier A. , Leal-Alfaro Elizabeth D. , Smith Doug B. , Dawes J. Jay
Published: December 2024

Lacrosse players are required to perform multiple sprints and changes of direction over the course of a game. These skills are reliant on the ability to rapidly produce lower-body force to be successful. Currently, little research examining the relationship between specific performance indicators and relative strength within this population exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between measures of lower-body strength and power to sprinting and change of direction speed (CODS) among male lacrosse players. Archived data for (n= 18) NCAA Division II male lacrosse athletes were used for this analysis. Lower-body strength was assessed using a one-repetition maximum back squat. Power was assessed using a countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and standing long jump (SLJ). Sprint speed at 10 and 30 yds (i.e., 9.14 and 27.43 m) and CODS (i.e., T-Test (TT) and modified T-Test (MTT) were also assessed. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine relationships between lower-body strength and power to sprint speed and CODS. Significant relationships (r = -0.51 - -0.64, p ≤ 0.05) were discovered between all measures of power and CODS, as well as SLJ and sprint speed (r = -0.51; p = 0.05 and -0.67; p ≤-0.01, respectively). No significant relationships between relative strength and any measures of sprint speed or CODS were discovered. Although relative strength was not directly related to sprint speed or CODS performance, it may indirectly affect these measures based on its relationship to power, and power’s relationship to sprint and CODS performance.
Urban Microcirculation Traffic Network Planning Method Based on Fast Search Random Tree Algorithm
Authors: YU Ning
Published: December 2024

Unbalanced urban development causes complex and diverse urban traffic conditions, which complicates microcirculation traffic network planning. To address this, a method based on fast search random tree algorithm is proposed. An urban microcirculation traffic network is constructed using directed graphs, and road network interference intensity and capacity are calculated. The interpolation collision detection method is used to determine the shortest path while considering constraint conditions. By incorporating target gravity into the RRT algorithm, a growth guidance function is obtained, optimising the planned path and completing urban microcirculation traffic network planning. Experimental results demonstrate accurate shortest path calculation with up to 11% delay reduction compared to existing methods. Energy consumption during planning is lower than 10 kJ, ensuring fair resource distribution within the urban microcirculation transportation network. These advantages highlight the practicality and effectiveness of this research method.
Inclusive, exclusive and hierarchical atlas of NFATc1+/PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme
Authors: Yang Xue , Han Chuyi , Yu Changhao , Zhou Bin , Ye Ling , Li Feifei , Yu Fanyuan
Published: December 2024

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-α) activity is crucial in the process of dental and periodontal mesenchyme regeneration facilitated by autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and concentrated growth factors (CGF), as well as by recombinant PDGF drugs. However, it is largely unclear about the physiological patterns and cellular fate determinations of PDGFR-α+ cells in the homeostasis maintaining of adult dental and periodontal mesenchyme. We previously identified NFATc1 expressing PDGFR-α+ cells as a subtype of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in limb bone in mice, but their roles in dental and periodontal remain unexplored. To this end, in the present study we investigated the spatiotemporal atlas of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells residing in dental and periodontal mesenchyme in mice, their capacity for progeny cell generation, and their inclusive, exclusive and hierarchical relations in homeostasis. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to generate two dual recombination systems, which were Cre-loxP and Dre-rox combined intersectional and exclusive reporters respectively, to concurrently demonstrate the inclusive, exclusive, and hierarchical distributions of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells and their lineage commitment. By employing the state-of-the-art transgenic lineage tracing techniques in cooperating with tissue clearing-based advanced imaging and three-dimensional slices reconstruction, we systematically mapped the distribution atlas of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme and tracked their in vivo fate trajectories in mice. Our findings extend current understanding of NFATc1+ and PDGFR-α+ cells in dental and periodontal mesenchyme homeostasis, and furthermore enhance our comprehension of their sustained therapeutic impact for future clinical investigations.
Gasdermin D-mediated neutrophil pyroptosis drives inflammation in psoriasis
Authors: Liu Jian , Jiang YuYing , Diao ZiYue , Chen DanDan , Xia RuiYuan , Wang BingWei , Yang Shuo , Yin ZhiQiang
Published: December 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Its pathogenesis involves abnormal accumulation of neutrophils and T-cell-related abnormalities. Pyroptosis is a type of regulated cell death associated with innate immunity, but its role in psoriasis is unclear. In this study, we found that gasdermin D (GSDMD) is higher in human psoriatic skin than that in normal skin, and in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin, the expression of Gsdmd was most significantly altered in neutrophils and Il1b was also mainly expressed in neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of skin lesions from psoriasis patients and healthy control also showed that GSDMD expression is higher in psoriasis lesion, especially in neutrophils. Gsdmd deficiency mitigates psoriasis-like inflammation in mice. GSDMD in neutrophils contributes to psoriasis-like inflammation, while Gsdmd depletion in neutrophils attenuates the development of skin inflammation in psoriasis and reduces the release of the inflammatory cytokines. We found that neutrophil pyroptosis is involved in and contributes to psoriasis inflammation, which provides new insights into the treatment of psoriasis by targeting neutrophil pyroptosis.
A neuronal least-action principle for real-time learning in cortical circuits
Authors: Senn Walter , Dold Dominik , Kungl Akos F , Ellenberger Benjamin , Jordan Jakob , Bengio Yoshua , Sacramento João , Petrovici Mihai A
Published: December 2024

One of the most fundamental laws of physics is the principle of least action. Motivated by its predictive power, we introduce a neuronal least-action principle for cortical processing of sensory streams to produce appropriate behavioral outputs in real time. The principle postulates that the voltage dynamics of cortical pyramidal neurons prospectively minimizes the local somato-dendritic mismatch error within individual neurons. For output neurons, the principle implies minimizing an instantaneous behavioral error. For deep network neurons, it implies the prospective firing to overcome integration delays and correct for possible output errors right in time. The neuron-specific errors are extracted in the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons through a cortical microcircuit that tries to explain away the feedback from the periphery, and correct the trajectory on the fly. Any motor output is in a moving equilibrium with the sensory input and the motor feedback during the ongoing sensory-motor transform. Online synaptic plasticity reduces the somatodendritic mismatch error within each cortical neuron and performs gradient descent on the output cost at any moment in time. The neuronal least-action principle offers an axiomatic framework to derive local neuronal and synaptic laws for global real-time computation and learning in the brain.
The effect of combining antibiotics on resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siedentop Berit , Kachalov Viacheslav N , Witzany Christopher , Egger Matthias , Kouyos Roger D , Bonhoeffer Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Background:

Under which conditions antibiotic combination therapy decelerates rather than accelerates resistance evolution is not well understood. We examined the effect of combining antibiotics on within-patient resistance development across various bacterial pathogens and antibiotics.

Methods:

We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PubMed for (quasi)-randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to 24 November 2022. Trials comparing antibiotic treatments with different numbers of antibiotics were included. Patients were considered to have acquired resistance if, at the follow-up culture, a resistant bacterium (as defined by the study authors) was detected that had not been present in the baseline culture. We combined results using a random effects model and performed meta-regression and stratified analyses. The trials’ risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool.

Results:

42 trials were eligible and 29, including 5054 patients, qualified for statistical analysis. In most trials, resistance development was not the primary outcome and studies lacked power. The combined odds ratio for the acquisition of resistance comparing the group with the higher number of antibiotics with the comparison group was 1.23 (95% CI 0.68–2.25), with substantial between-study heterogeneity (I2=77%). We identified tentative evidence for potential beneficial or detrimental effects of antibiotic combination therapy for specific pathogens or medical conditions.

Conclusions:

The evidence for combining a higher number of antibiotics compared to fewer from RCTs is scarce and overall compatible with both benefit or harm. Trials powered to detect differences in resistance development or well-designed observational studies are required to clarify the impact of combination therapy on resistance.

Funding:

Support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 310030B_176401 (SB, BS, CW), grant 32FP30-174281 (ME), grant 324730_207957 (RDK)) and from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, cooperative agreement AI069924 (ME)) is gratefully acknowledged.
Bridging the 3D geometrical organisation of white matter pathways across anatomical length scales and species
Authors: Kjer Hans Martin , Andersson Mariam , He Yi , Pacureanu Alexandra , Daducci Alessandro , Pizzolato Marco , Salditt Tim , Robisch Anna-Lena , Eckermann Marina , Toepperwien Mareike , Dahl Anders Bjorholm , Elkjær Maria Louise , Illes Zsolt , Ptito Maurice , Dahl Vedrana Andersen , Dyrby Tim B
Published: December 2024

We used diffusion MRI and x-ray synchrotron imaging on monkey and mice brains to examine the organisation of fibre pathways in white matter across anatomical scales. We compared the structure in the corpus callosum and crossing fibre regions and investigated the differences in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse brains versus healthy controls. Our findings revealed common principles of fibre organisation that apply despite the varying patterns observed across species; small axonal fasciculi and major bundles formed laminar structures with varying angles, according to the characteristics of major pathways. Fasciculi exhibited non-straight paths around obstacles like blood vessels, comparable across the samples of varying fibre complexity and demyelination. Quantifications of fibre orientation distributions were consistent across anatomical length scales and modalities, whereas tissue anisotropy had a more complex relationship, both dependent on the field-of-view. Our study emphasises the need to balance field-of-view and voxel size when characterising white matter features across length scales.
High-resolution awake mouse fMRI at 14 tesla
Authors: Hike David , Liu Xiaochen , Xie Zeping , Zhang Bei , Choi Sangcheon , Zhou Xiaoqing Alice , Liu Andy , Murstein Alyssa , Jiang Yuanyuan , Devor Anna , Yu Xin
Published: December 2024

High-resolution awake mouse functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) remains challenging despite extensive efforts to address motion-induced artifacts and stress. This study introduces an implantable radio frequency (RF) surface coil design that minimizes image distortion caused by the air/tissue interface of mouse brains while simultaneously serving as a headpost for fixation during scanning. Furthermore, this study provides a thorough acclimation method used to accustom animals to the MRI environment minimizing motion-induced artifacts. Using a 14 T scanner, high-resolution fMRI enabled brain-wide functional mapping of visual and vibrissa stimulation at 100 µm×100 µm×200 µm resolution with a 2 s per frame sampling rate. Besides activated ascending visual and vibrissa pathways, robust blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses were detected in the anterior cingulate cortex upon visual stimulation and spread through the ventral retrosplenial area (VRA) with vibrissa air-puff stimulation, demonstrating higher-order sensory processing in association cortices of awake mice. In particular, the rapid hemodynamic responses in VRA upon vibrissa stimulation showed a strong correlation with the hippocampus, thalamus, and prefrontal cortical areas. Cross-correlation analysis with designated VRA responses revealed early positive BOLD signals at the contralateral barrel cortex (BC) occurring 2 s prior to the air-puff in awake mice with repetitive stimulation, which was not detected using a randomized stimulation paradigm. This early BC activation indicated a learned anticipation through the vibrissa system and association cortices in awake mice under continuous exposure of repetitive air-puff stimulation. This work establishes a high-resolution awake mouse fMRI platform, enabling brain-wide functional mapping of sensory signal processing in higher association cortical areas.
Streamlining segmentation of cryo-electron tomography datasets with Ais
Authors: Last Mart GF , Abendstein Leoni , Voortman Lenard M , Sharp Thomas H
Published: December 2024

Segmentation is a critical data processing step in many applications of cryo-electron tomography. Downstream analyses, such as subtomogram averaging, are often based on segmentation results, and are thus critically dependent on the availability of open-source software for accurate as well as high-throughput tomogram segmentation. There is a need for more user-friendly, flexible, and comprehensive segmentation software that offers an insightful overview of all steps involved in preparing automated segmentations. Here, we present Ais: a dedicated tomogram segmentation package that is geared towards both high performance and accessibility, available on GitHub. In this report, we demonstrate two common processing steps that can be greatly accelerated with Ais: particle picking for subtomogram averaging, and generating many-feature segmentations of cellular architecture based on in situ tomography data. Featuring comprehensive annotation, segmentation, and rendering functionality, as well as an open repository for trained models at aiscryoet.org, we hope that Ais will help accelerate research and dissemination of data involving cryoET.
The emergence and evolution of gene expression in genome regions replete with regulatory motifs
Authors: Fuqua Timothy , Sun Yiqiao , Wagner Andreas
Published: December 2024

Gene regulation is essential for life and controlled by regulatory DNA. Mutations can modify the activity of regulatory DNA, and also create new regulatory DNA, a process called regulatory emergence. Non-regulatory and regulatory DNA contain motifs to which transcription factors may bind. In prokaryotes, gene expression requires a stretch of DNA called a promoter, which contains two motifs called –10 and –35 boxes. However, these motifs may occur in both promoters and non-promoter DNA in multiple copies. They have been implicated in some studies to improve promoter activity, and in others to repress it. Here, we ask whether the presence of such motifs in different genetic sequences influences promoter evolution and emergence. To understand whether and how promoter motifs influence promoter emergence and evolution, we start from 50 ‘promoter islands’, DNA sequences enriched with –10 and –35 boxes. We mutagenize these starting ‘parent’ sequences, and measure gene expression driven by 240,000 of the resulting mutants. We find that the probability that mutations create an active promoter varies more than 200-fold, and is not correlated with the number of promoter motifs. For parent sequences without promoter activity, mutations created over 1500 new –10 and –35 boxes at unique positions in the library, but only ~0.3% of these resulted in de-novo promoter activity. Only ~13% of all –10 and –35 boxes contribute to de-novo promoter activity. For parent sequences with promoter activity, mutations created new –10 and –35 boxes in 11 specific positions that partially overlap with preexisting ones to modulate expression. We also find that –10 and –35 boxes do not repress promoter activity. Overall, our work demonstrates how promoter motifs influence promoter emergence and evolution. It has implications for predicting and understanding regulatory evolution, de novo genes, and phenotypic evolution.
Hudtilstanden alopecia areata, hårtap og dets innvirkning på hverdagsliv
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth , Balieva Flora , Hamre Evy-Ann Engdal
Published: December 2024

Hårtap gjør noe med mennesker i hverdagen, og det er behov for å øke kunnskapen om hva dette gjør med dem. Studiens hensikt var å beskrive hårtapets innvirkning på hverdagslivet til mennesker som lever med hudtilstanden alopecia areata (AA). Forskningsdesign var kvalitativ med en induktiv forskningstilnærming. Data var skriftlige beskrivelser formulert som svar på tre åpne spørsmål i et spørreskjema i en kvantitativ studie. Utvalget var 246 deltakere, alle med hudtilstanden AA og over 18 år. Data ble analysert ved hjelp av innholdsanalyse. Resultatene ble formulert i fire tema: 1) frykt for at hårerstatningen faller av hodet, 2) hindringer i yrkesarbeid, 3) toleranse overfor manglende forståelse, og 4) godtakelse av hårtap. Studien konkluderer med at hverdagslivet ikke nødvendigvis blir som før. Hudtilstanden AA gjør at livet leves med et synlig fysisk endret utseende. Likevel realiseres muligheter i hverdagslivet med hårtap, men dette gjøres på ulike måter.
Design of a 3D emotion mapping model for visual feature analysis using improved Gaussian mixture models
Authors: Wang Enshi , Khan Fakhri Alam
Published: December 2024

Given the integration of color emotion space information from multiple feature sources in multimodal recognition systems, effectively fusing this information presents a significant challenge. This article proposes a three-dimensional (3D) color-emotion space visual feature extraction model for multimodal data integration based on an improved Gaussian mixture model to address these issues. Unlike traditional methods, which often struggle with redundant information and high model complexity, our approach optimizes feature fusion by employing entropy and visual feature sequences. By integrating machine vision with six activation functions and utilizing multiple aesthetic features, the proposed method exhibits strong performance in a high emotion mapping accuracy (EMA) of 92.4%, emotion recognition precision (ERP) of 88.35%, and an emotion recognition F1 score (ERFS) of 96.22%. These improvements over traditional approaches highlight the model’s effectiveness in reducing complexity while enhancing emotional recognition accuracy, positioning it as a more efficient solution for visual emotion analysis in multimedia applications. The findings indicate that the model significantly enhances emotional recognition accuracy.