bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescription pattern & adverse drug reactions of prokinetics
Authors: Biswas Mansij , Singh Kritarth Naman Mithileshwar , Shetty Yashashri C. , Koli Paresh G. , Ingawale Sushrut , Bhatia Shobna J.
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:

Prokinetics are extensively prescribed leading to several adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study was to assess the prescription pattern in patients receiving prokinetics, and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in an outpatient department set up in a tertiary care hospital in western India.

Methods:

Patients attending outpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital and who had received prokinetic agent for at least seven days over the last one month were enrolled. Causality assessment of AEs was done and assessed for severity, preventability, seriousness and predictability.

Results:

A total of 304 patients [161 males (52.96%); 143 females (47.04%)] were enrolled. Most prescriptions (299/304, 98%) included domperidone, most commonly prescribed as fixed-dose combination (FDC) with pantoprazole (274/304, 90%). Prokinetic dose was not mentioned in 251/304 (83%) prescriptions, and 18/304 (6%) did not mention frequency. Of the 378 AEs reported from 179 patients (47.35%), 306 (81%) were mild, all non-serious; 272 (72%) not preventable and 291 (77%) predictable in nature. Decreased appetite (n=31, 8.2%) and fatigue (n=27,7.14%) were most commonly reported. Causality assessment by the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre scale showed that 180 AEs were related to suspected drug (17 probable and 163 possible ADRs). Significant correlation was observed for AEs with increasing number of drugs per prescription (Spearman's R=+0.8, P=0.05) and with increasing therapy duration (Spearman's R=+1.00, P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Our findings showed that prokinetics were often prescribed as FDCs, with incomplete prescriptions. Domperidone was found to be associated with multiple AEs. It is suggested that regular prescription monitoring should be done in hospitals to encourage rational use of drugs.
Saving the Sacred Sea: The Power of Civil Society in an Age of Authoritarianism and Globalization
Authors: Babones Salvatore
Published: September 2019

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American Tianxia: Chinese Money, American Power, and the End of History
Authors: Grell-Brisk Marilyn
Published: September 2019

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Dialogue: Race in the Capitalist World-System, Review of Hanchard's The Spectre of Race
Authors: Robinson William I.
Published: September 2019

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The Twenty-First Century Revolutions and Internationalism: A World-Historical Perspective
Authors: Karataşli Şahan Savaş
Published: September 2019

In his essay, “It is imperative to reconstruct the Internationale of workers and peoples”,  Samir Amin (2018) suggested that in order to “deconstruct the extreme centralization of wealth and the power that is associated with the [capitalist world] system”, we should seriously study “the experience of the worker Internationales [...], even if they belong to the past. This should be done, not in order to ‘choose’ a model among them, but to invent the most suitable form for contemporary conditions.” In this paper, I will follow Amin’s (2018) suggestion and provide a brief examination of the past experiences of first Internationales in the nineteenth century and conditions that produced them with an eye to the present moment.  By comparing the political climate of the early twenty-first century to analogous comparable periods in world history, I will argue that today we need two distinct forms of global political organizations that are modeled after the International Workingmen’s Association and the Communist League.  First one should serve as a horizontal “movement of movements” that would reflect the spontaneous and creative energy of mass movements from below; the second one should serve as a hierarchically organized world communist party.
An Introduction to the Generalized Fractional Integration - doi: 10.5269/bspm.v30i2.14760
Authors: Sharma Kishan
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the generalizedfractional integration of the generalized M-series.Some results derived by Saxena and Saigo [13], Samko, Kilbas and Marichev [15] are the special cases of the main results derived in this paper.
Quality of Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Seeds Obtained From Different Cropping Systems and Farming Environments
Authors: Carbonera Roberto , Silva José Antônio Gonzalez da , Fernandes Sandra Beatriz Vicenci , Grinke Laura Fernanda , Scheer Cleberson Luis , Mamann Ângela Teresinha Woschinski De
Published: September 2019

Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is one of the main hibernal forage species in Southern Brazil. In recent years, the demand for high-quality seeds has increased to ensure the productivity of herds. Given this, the present study evaluated the quality of ryegrass seeds obtained from different cropping systems and farming environments. 2,156 samples were evaluated; 900 were evaluated with seed production process, S1 and S2, not certified seed from first and second generations, respectively, 305 were evaluated with seed analysis of own use and 961 were evaluated with tetrazolium analysis. The samples obtained through seed production process were analyzed in terms of their physical and physiological aspects, while the own seed and tetrazolium test used were evaluated only in terms of their physiological attributes, following the methodology described in the Seed Analysis Rules. The data were subjected to the analysis of descriptive statistics. The percentages of the samples that were out of the standards were calculated and compared to the meteorological occurrences in the crop cycles. Seeds in S1 and S2 samples presented lower standard deviations when compared to seeds for own use and tetrazolium. Among S1 and S2 seed samples, 35.3% were rejected for physical and physiological variables, 58% for their own use and 48.1% for tetrazolium were rejected for physiological quality, respectively. High rates of Ryegrass seed samples with lower than recommended quality standards were observed, which requires investments in research and production to improve the seed standards used.
Space, Environment, and Appropriation: Sport and Settler Colonialism in Mi’kma’ki
Authors: Reid John
Published: September 2019

The displacement of Indigenous populations by settler societies forming within the British Empire was a global development during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, one in which settler sport took a significant role. Settler colonialism must be understood as a spatial and environmental phenomenon as well as a social and political one. This essay focuses on one geographical area: Mi’kma’ki, the homeland of the Mi’kmaq, corresponding to a substantial proportion of what is known in non-Indigenous terms as Canada’s Maritime region. It reflects on the direct and indirect appropriation of unceded Indigenous space for sporting purposes, along with the implications for Indigenous sport and the nature of Indigenous response to settler encroachment. Sport as an important element of social and cultural history has strong explanatory power in showing how settler colonialism and Indigenous persistence became entangled.
Decolonizing Dialogues: Sport, Resistance, and Australian Aboriginal Settlements
Authors: Osmond Gary
Published: September 2019

This paper seeks to extend understandings of Australian Aboriginal sport history by arguing that sport constituted a site of resistance for Aboriginal athletes in controlled settlements. While examples of overt resistance are rare, opportunities for covert, everyday resistance abounded. For activities performed beyond the notice of settlement administrators provided safe spaces for identity assertion and for expression of anger, dissatisfaction, grievance, unhappiness, or other sense of injustice. Sport, although publicly performed, was a potential site for acts of everyday resistance. This paper explores resistance through oppositional acts of stealing, drinking, and playing-to-rule, which are explored through “hidden transcripts. “ Research for this paper focuses on Queensland, a state with a uniquely odious record on Aboriginal affairs. By focusing on sport as a site of resistance, it offers new insight into the sociocultural practice and meanings of sport in Aboriginal communities historically and, more broadly, on decolonizing sport history.
Runaways, Dutiful Daughters, and Brides: Family Strategies of Formerly Enslaved Girls in Senegal, 1895–1911
Authors: Bryant Kelly M. Duke
Published: September 2019

This article explores how formerly enslaved girls in Senegal interacted with, challenged, rejected, and formed families in the early twentieth century. Relying on records pertaining to the system of guardianship, which supervised these so-called liberated minors following the French emancipation decree of 1848, the article shows how marginalized girls used a variety of strategies to pursue their familial goals, sometimes turning state structures to their advantage. It argues that girls’ efforts to establish family-like relationships with guardians or others, to take up residence with sexual partners, to marry, and to have children must be read as steps toward reclaiming personhood and rejecting slavery.
When Social Media Yields More than “Likes”: Black Girls’ Digital Kinship Formations
Authors: Wade Ashleigh
Published: September 2019

This article explores the tenets of Black girls’ digital kinship by detailing an ethnographic study in which I developed and taught an elective course for a group of Black high school girls. I use my participant-observation from a five-month period teaching these students in order to argue that there is mutual mediation between kinship and digital production. I define digital kinship as a relational practice through which familial ties—with both origin family and chosen family— are established and/or maintained through digital technologies. Contextualizing my definition of digital kinship within the literatures of Black American family structures and digital community-building, I show how Black girls’ offline familial ties appear in and/or influence their content on digital platforms such as Facebook and Snapchat along with what kinds of factors lead to the establishment of kin relationships within digital spaces specifically. Ultimately, I analyze the digital kinships formed by the girls in my class to conclude that digital spaces create more possibilities for Black girls to form support networks and exercise an agency to control space often denied them in their everyday school and home environments.
The Impact of International Proficiency Tests on Language Teaching and Motivation: A Case Study
Authors: Adam Khamis Abdelmoneim Hassan
Published: September 2019

This case study of Al-Aqsa School attempts to show that Cambridge Young Learners English Tests (YLE) may hurt learners’ motivation and teaching process. The paper aims to highlight the adoption of Cambridge YLE proficiency tests and explore learners and teachers’ perception of those tests. Also, providing alternative yardstick measures learners’ performance. Combination of a questionnaire, interviews and observation of Cambridge YLE, Movers and Flyers tests were used to collect the data. The evidence presented in this paper suggested that there was a necessity for English language teachers to motivate and prepare pupils of YLE tests at the primary stage. Otherwise, the School should reconsider administering the YLE tests at this fundamental level. The paper recommended progressively institutionalised scholastic accomplishment tests, alongside placement tests at the beginning of the school academic year. The findings should make an essential contribution to the field of applied linguistics and help decision-maker at Al-Aqsa School to take appropriate decisions.
The formula for the regularized trace of the Sturm-Liouville operator with a logarithmic potential
Authors: Ishkin Khabir Kabirovich , Valiullina Leisan Gainullovna
Published: September 2019

We have obtained a regularized trace formula for the Sturm-Liouville operator on a semi-axis with a logarithmic potential.
THE INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY
AND FATIGUE LIFE OF LUBRICATED FRICTION PAIRS
Authors: Drabik Jolanta , Trzos Magdalena
Published: September 2019

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of different additives, namely, graphite, nanostructures
of carbon, and polymer PTFE on the lubricating properties in reference to grease based on paraffin oil without
an additive. The synergies of different additives were examined when both were simultaneously added.
The improvement of the friction properties may be caused by the chemical elements that are absorbed on
the surface. The steel-steel friction contacts were lubricated with the use of the developed lubricants. The
experiments were carried out with the use of a four-ball pitting tester. The relationships between additives and
the tribological properties were analysed. The correlation between thermal stability of lubricants and fatigue
life was evaluated.
A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE KINETIC
FRICTION COEFFICIENT IN FRICTION PAIRS BASED ON DIRECT
ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT OF AN OBJECT
ON AN INCLINED PLANE
Authors: Gawędzki Wacław , Socha Mirosław
Published: September 2019

The paper presents and experimentally verifies a method for the determination of the kinetic friction
coefficient of friction pairs. The method involves a direct acceleration measurement of an object sliding down
an inclined plane and the determination of the momentary friction force based on acceleration. The laboratory
test rig was presented and the theoretical foundations of the method were discussed in detail. The laboratory
experiments were conducted for the following material pairs: steel-cast iron, steel-bronze, and for various
inclined plane angles. The experiments results were presented, acceleration vs. time curves were plotted,
and friction coefficients were determined. These values were compared to the values known from literature
[L. 1–3]. The uncertainly analysis of kinetic friction coefficient determination was conducted. The method
effectiveness and accuracy was verified, noting the sources of possible measurement errors and the ways to
eliminate them.
TESTING THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF STEELS AFTER
HARDFACING AND LASER TREATMENT
Authors: Pertek-Owsianna Aleksandra , Wiśniewska-Mleczko Karolina , Panfil Dominika , Bartkowska Aneta
Published: September 2019

This paper analyses the structure, hardness, and frictional wear resistance of surface layers formed on steels
after hardfacing by means of the SSA arc method with self-shielded flux cored welding wire, with a content
of carbon 5% and chromium 30% as well as boron alloying with the CO2 laser. S355J2 steel after being
hardfaced with one up to three layers is characterized by the martensitic structure with chromium carbides
and its surface hardness is 50–55HRC. In the weld deposit zone, with a thickness of up to approx. 2 mm, there
is a constant distribution of hardness with the average value of 700 HV0.1, and then the hardness decreases
to approx. 160 HV0.1 in the steel substrate. After hardfacing, the carbon content in S355J2 steel (0.23% wt.)
increases to a similar content as in steel C90U in the initial state (0.96% wt.). After laser alloying with boron
and after rapid cooling, C90U steel obtains distinctive paths with a zone structure and thickness reaching up
to approx. 380 μm. In the remelted zone, there is a eutectic structure consisting of a mixture of iron borides
and martensite with a hardness of approx. 1200–1800 HV0.1, and beneath it, there is heat affected zone with
a martensitic-bainite structure with a hardness of approx. 700HV0.1. Hardfacing and laser heat treatment
significantly decrease the frictional wear of the tested steels.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF HYDRO-THERMAL FATIGUE DAMAGE OF THE SURFACE LAYER OF POLYMER-CERAMIC COMPOSITES INTENDED FOR OPERATION IN A BIOTRIBOLOGICAL NODE
Authors: Pieniak Daniel , Kordos Paweł
Published: September 2019

The paper addresses the problem of assessing the operational quality of the surface layer (SL) of polymerceramic composites. These materials are used in conservative dentistry to reproduce geometrical features of human lateral teeth carrying the largest biomechanical loads. The chewing process causes that applications of these materials partly work in sliding friction conditions. Their durability in the biotribological node depends on the mechanical contact loads and is related to the influence of oral environment factors. In this study, we assessed the impact of cyclical hydro-thermal shocks, among others, related to the consumption of hot and cold food, on the condition of SL polymer-ceramic composites. In our own research, cyclic hydro-thermal shocks with cycle temperatures of 5–55°C were simulated. Evaluation of the remaining surface strength (after implementation of the hydro-thermal cycles) was made on the basis of microhardness measurements using the Vickers method. Calculations of the damage function value were made. It has been demonstrated that the durability curves depend on the number of fatigue cycles and the structure of the material. In addition, it has been shown that the phenomenological measure of SL damage, assuming accumulation of damage, is useful in the assessment of the operational quality of polymer-ceramic composites.
THE INFLUENCE OF USING CONDITIONS ON TRIBOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES OF BRAKE SYSTEMS WITH COMPOSITE DISCS
Authors: Posmyk Andrzej , Myalski Jerzy
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of automotive vehicle parking time on levels of the
friction coefficient and wear that influence the braking efficiency of brake systems with composite discs. Discs
have been produced of hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy (AlSi18NiMgCu) in which the Si precipitates
are a reinforcing phase. On the basis of the parking time of a vehicle for a repair, the minimal (τ = 0 h) and
maximal (τ = 240 h) time for an exposition on atmospheric factors has been determined, Velocities, unit
pressures of brake pad on the disc rotor, and the braking distance are the equivalent of a braking distance of an
vehicle with mass of 1300kg running through an built-up area with a velocity of 30 or 50 kmh. On the basis
of experiment’s results, it has been stated that a car parking time of 48h causes an oxidising of the matrix,
which results in a friction coefficient decrease up to 0.18 on the sliding distance of 600–700 m, As a result
of the wear of the oxide layer, the friction coefficient acquired a value (>0.3) after about 600–700 m friction
distance, which equals 600 rotations of the wheel. A longer parking time (240 h) causes a considerably lower
decrease in friction forces, because the oxide layer will be sealed.
Food waste generation: restaurant data and consumer attitudes
Authors: Dagiliūtė Renata , Musteikytė Aira
Published: September 2019

Food waste and related negative impacts are gaining attention in all policy levels. Therefore, there is an increased need for research and analysis in the field, especially in different countries, different sectors. In Lithuania so far there are only couple of studies regarding food waste as such, therefore the aim of this study is to estimate food waste generation in one of food supply chain stages - catering at the restaurant – and to determine restaurant costumers’ attitudes towards food waste and related aspects. Results indicate that there are weekly and daily variations in food waste generation per capita. The biggest share of wasted food was composed of grain/cereals products. Shame was identified as one of the reasons for not taking plate leftovers home. However, restaurant could employ some of the activities like educating its consumers or providing personalized portions. In general, consumer indicated lack of information on food waste problems and related environmental impacts, though at home majority of the respondents throw away still good to consume food rather often. Hence, information provision and greater attention both from the consumers and the service providers could be a significant input in food waste reduction in public catering service sector.
Drivers of Stunting Among 0-23 Months Old Filipino Children Included in the 2003 and 2011 National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Gayya-Amita Patricia Isabel , Capanzana Mario V.
Published: September 2019

This study aims to evaluate household and individual level drivers of stunting among Filipino children aged 0-23 months in the 2003 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and identified which factors pushed these same children to or out of stunting in middle childhood (8-9 years old) in 2011 Updating National Nutrition Survey (UNNS). All children aged 0-23 months in 2003 NNS were tracked if they're still in 2011 UNNS by matching identifiers: region, province, municipality/city, name, and birthdate. There are 290 children included in both surveys. Children were categorized as: stunted in 2003 but not in 2011 (catch-up); stunted in 2003 & 2011 (persistently stunted); stunted in 2011 but not in 2003 (stunted later). The prevalence of stunting increased from 17.2% in 2003 to 35.2% in 2011. About 22.1% became stunted later; persistently stunted (13.1%); catch-up (4.1%). The individual-level factors that contributed towards persistent stunting are older age onset of stunting, underweight, and a <2 years birth interval; while the household level factors are those with ≥ 5 dependents, and a higher number of under-fives in the family. Households usage of water-sealed toilets and availability of electricity decrease the odds of persistent stunting and stunting later. No significant factors were found on what moves a child out of stunting. Living in shanties (Huts) pushed a normal child to be stunted in 2011. This study reflects the strong influence of both individual and household factors on stunting. These results could be useful in crafting area and problem-specific interventions.
Estudo bibliográfico das tecnologias utilizadas no tratamento do esgoto e a legislação em vigor no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Everton Narciso de , Ferreira Mariana de Freitas , Oliveira Walison Feitosa de , Oliveira Rodrigo Rodrigues de
Published: September 2019

O ser humano, em seu cotidiano, produz uma série de resíduos, podendo ser eles em esfera residencial, comercial, industrial e agrícola. Esses resíduos nem sempre têm um tratamento correto, e consequentemente, são depositados na natureza, contaminando nosso bem mais precioso: a água. No entanto, nos últimos anos, expandiram novas tecnologias de tratamento, e também as legislações específicas para o saneamento básico no país. O presente estudo é uma pesquisa bibliográfica desenvolvida a partir de um levantamento em artigos, periódicos e sites. Conclui-se que o mercado disponibiliza de vários tratamentos tecnológicos para o esgoto, e que a cada dia há uma lenta evolução na cobertura desse serviço à população brasileira, por meio da aplicabilidade da Lei de Saneamento Básico e Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico.
Characterization of Peda Patin Jambal with Various Salt Concentration as Environment Control
Authors: Martin Fauzi , Afrianto Eddy , . Rosidah , Rostini Iis
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to get the right salt concentration so as to produce the best peda patin jambal products with the best characteristics. The research’s method used in this study is an experimental method with three treatments, consists of salt concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. Hedonic tests were then used by 20 semi-trained panellists who had experience in organoleptic assessments which consisted of assessments of appearance, aroma, texture and taste. This research was conducted at the Fisheries Product Processing Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, while the salt and water content testing of the final results of the research was conducted at the Laboratory of food technology at Universitas Pasundan Bandung. Based on the results of the research, the treatment of salt concentration of 30% produces the best pangal catfish products with the best characteristics, which are rather clean appearance, dull-white to reddish-white flesh, yellowish skin surface, wrinkles on the surface of the flesh and skin, have a distinctive fermentation aroma, have a pearly texture, and has a delicious, savory, slightly salty taste.
Influence of Phosphorus forms on Growth and Yield of Cowpea, Kales and Amaranth Vegetable Species
Authors: Githua Fidelis W. , Ntinyari Winnie , Korir Nicholas K. , Gweyi-Onyango Joseph P.
Published: September 2019

Maximum production potential of leafy vegetable is limited by phosphorous (P) deficiency in the soils. This is due to the high cost of the phosphate fertilizer and the fixed form of the available phosphorous in the soil. There is therefore, need for farmers to use alternative and cheaper sources of P that are economic friendly to supply the required mineral nutrition to their crops. Rock phosphate is widely available but has a challenge in solubilization to make P available to the crops. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate the effect phosphate forms and acidulate rock phosphate on growth and yield of selected leafy vegetables. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement, with three leafy vegetables (cowpeas, kales and amaranth) being the main plots, and various sources of P (Triple super phosphate (TSP)  Mijingu Phosphate Rock(MPR), Mijingu phosphate Rock + sulphur (MPR)PR+S and control) constituting the subplots with three replicates. The collected data included: root dry weight, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and leaf area and was subjected to SAS for ANOVA and where there were significant differences between means were further separated using the Fischer’s LSD at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that there were significant increase in the growth parameters of the vegetables as an effects of phosphorus application compared with the control. TSP elicited the best results in all the tested parameters in 5 WAP, 6 WAP and 7 WAP respectively in both seasons  The highest value of root dry weight (11.2 g), leaf area (1905.0 cm2), number of branches (40.67) shoot fresh weight (236.8 g) as influenced by TSP application in the vegetable species. The MRP + sulphur  also followed in superiority  of increasing the growth parameters which is an indication that sulphur can be used in solubilizing rock phosphate and making it a suit alternative for farmers. Thus, farmers are advised to directly apply rock phosphate and sulphur to soil as a possible alternative to the more expensive soluble phosphate fertilizers in tropical cropping system.
Engaging Transformative Organizational Learning to Promote Employability
Authors: Fabbri Loretta , Romano Alessandra
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the learning paths, organizational devices, and system actions taken within the Teaching & Learning Center research and training facility at the University of Siena.
Entrepreneurship as a Special Pathway for Employability
Authors: Terzaroli Carlo
Published: September 2019

This chapter sets out to illustrate the relationship between the constructs of employability and entrepreneurship. In particular, the latter is investigated as a specific focus for the development of entrepreneurial skills linked to innovation. In this connection, some perspectives for educational action are illustrated through the presentation of a specific university career service program to develop entrepreneurial spirit.
Employability in Adult and Higher Education
Authors: Boffo Vanna , Melacarne Claudio
Published: September 2019

The chapters contained in this special issue are summarized here, highlighting core themes and future implications for research and practice for adult education and lifelong learning.
Validation of the 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Criteria Compared to the 1997 American College of Rheumatology Criteria and the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Criteria in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ma Meiqian , Hui‐Yuen Joyce S. , Cerise Jane E. , Iqbal Sabah , Eberhard B. Anne
Published: September 2019

Objective

Different classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been proposed for many years. The most widely used and accepted criteria has been the 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. In 2012, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria were published in an attempt to improve the clinical relevance of SLE criteria. In 2017, weighted criteria were proposed that included entry criteria, something the 1997 ACR and the 2012 SLICC criteria did not identify. The aim of the present study was to validate the 2017 weighted criteria, the 1997 ACR criteria, and the 2012 SLICC criteria and compare the sensitivities and specificities in pediatric SLE.

Methods

For the past 15 years, retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with SLE before age 19 years was conducted. The controls were patients referred for serologies positive for antinuclear antibodies but did not fulfill criteria for diagnosis of SLE at the initial visit or were diagnosed with another autoimmune disease. The 3 classification criteria sets were applied to these patients and compared against a gold standard of physician diagnosis.

Results

A total of 156 patients were diagnosed with SLE. The sensitivity for the 2017 weighted criteria was 0.974 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.936–0.993) and the specificity was 0.984 (95% CI 0.966–0.994). The sensitivity for the 1997 ACR criteria was 0.872 (95% CI 0.809–0.920) and the specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.990–1.000). The sensitivity for the 2012 SLICC criteria was 0.974 (95% CI 0.936–0.993) and the specificity was 0.997 (95% CI 0.985–1.000).

Conclusion

The 2017 weighted criteria and the 2012 SLICC criteria were more sensitive than the 1997 ACR criteria. There were no significant differences in sensitivity and specificity between the 2012 SLICC and the 2017 weighted criteria.
Targeted Single‐Cell Therapeutics with Magnetic Tubular Micromotor by One‐Step Exposure of Structured Femtosecond Optical Vortices
Authors: Yang Liang , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Li , Hu Zhijiang , Xin Chen , Hippler Marc , Zhu Wulin , Hu Yanlei , Li Jiawen , Wang Yucai , Zhang Li , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru
Published: September 2019

Selective manipulation of specific single cells for therapeutics is important and highly desirable in biomedical research. As a simple and maneuverable tool, tubular micromotors have displayed appealing applications in encapsulation and transportation of cells. However, so far there are no reports on the simultaneous transportation of target single cells and the drugs with microtubes in a custom arrayed environment for targeted therapeutics. Moreover, fabrication of microtubes with 3D features in a reproducible and single‐step fashion, while, endowing them with the ability of remote control, remains challenging. In this study, a novel method for one‐step fabrication of magnetic 3D tubular micromotors by single exposure of structured optical vortices in a magnetic photoresist is presented. The size and geometry of fabricated microtubes are flexibly controlled in three dimensions. Precise propelling of the tubular micromotors and precise capture, targeted delivery, and release of SiO2 microparticles are realized. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, in situ observation of the development of doxorubicin in Hela cells for therapeutic study is performed by targeted delivery of single cells and drug particles. The technology is simple and stable, which has promising applications in targeted cell therapy, drug screening, single cell studies, and other biomedical areas.
The Reliability of the Density‐Functional Theory in Actinide Endohedral Systems
Authors: Wang Jianpeng , Xie Weiyu , Jiang Wanrun , Wu Xiaochen , Wang Zhigang
Published: September 2019

Density‐functional theory (DFT) has shown obvious violation to the Jacob's ladder in predicting the geometric and electronic structures of carbon‐based high‐Z elements endohedral metallofullerenes (hZ‐EMFs). This has aroused long‐term discussion in both theoretical and experimental fields, because this is related to whether the computationally efficient DFT can be the substitution to post‐HF. In this work, the violation to the Jacob's ladder emerges again on the boron based uranium endohedral structure U@B40. The proper choice of functionals has been a significant factor to predict both geometric and electronic structures of U@B40. Pure generalized gradient approximations (GGA) functionals give a high symmetrical singlet ground state of D2d, while a slightly tortured C2v triplet state is more stable when hybrid GGAs are used. Compared to pure GGAs triplet state, the spin density accumulates more obviously on its B40 cage in hybrid GGAs triplet state. The qualitative difference originates in the proportion of exact exchange energy that can exert a tremendous influence on energy splitting between electronic states of U@B40. This controversial calculation is an ideal model to reestimate the role of exchange functionals in studying hZ‐EMFs. Therefore, these findings will provide important references to the benchmark experiments and future theoretical predictions.
Inside or Outside: Origin of Lithium Dendrite Formation of All Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Mo Fangjie , Ruan Jiafeng , Sun Shuxian , Lian Zixuan , Yang Sangpu , Yue Xinyang , Song Yun , Zhou Yong‐Ning , Fang Fang , Sun Guangai , Peng Shuming , Sun Dalin
Published: September 2019

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) stand out for the next generation of energy storage system. However, the further realization is severely hampered by the lithium dendrite formation in solid state electrolytes (SSEs), by mechanisms that remain controversial. Herein, with the aid of experimental and theoretical approaches, the origin of dendrite formation in representative LiBH4 SSE, which is thermodynamically stable with the Li metal, suppressing the side reaction between Li and SSE is elucidated. It is demonstrated that upon diffusion, Li+ encounters an electron, and is subsequently reduced to Li0 within the grain boundary/pore of SSE, eventually leading to short circuit. Thus, introducing LiF with the ability of interstitial filling and low electronic conductivity into SSE is the effective countermeasure, and as expected, with the addition of LiF, the critical current density (CCD) increases by 235% compared to the value of pure LiBH4. The TiS2|LiBH4–LiF|Li ASSLMBs manifest a reversible capacity of 137 mAh g−1 at 0.4 C upon 60 cycles. These findings not only unravel critical issues in Li dendrite formation in SSE, but also propose the countermeasure.
Improvement of capacitance activity for Cu‐doped Ni‐based metal–organic frameworks by adding potassium hexacyanoferrate into KOH electrolyte
Authors: Chen Xiaoye , Wu Xuemin , Guo Hongxu , Fu Wei
Published: September 2019

Cu‐doped Ni‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) nanomaterials fabricated through a one‐pot hydrothermal reaction were characterized, and their performance as supercapacitor electrode materials was further studied for the first time. The results indicated that the doping of foreign metals and the introduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] in the KOH electrolyte significantly improve the performance of the supercapacitor. The results indicated that the Ni2.6Cu0.4 MOFs material shows the highest specific capacitance (1282 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in mixed 2 M KOH and 0.1 M K3[Fe(CN)6]) and optimal capacitance retention (85.7% after 2000 cycles). This work provides a feasible optimization strategy for the construction of MOFs‐based supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent performance, and also provides a reliable experimental and theoretical basis for practical industrial production.
Solubility parameter estimation and phase inversion modeling of bentonite‐doped polymeric membrane systems
Authors: Kurada Krishnasri V. , Dutta Madhurima , Jana Animesh , De Sirshendu
Published: September 2019

Effects of bentonite concentration on morphology and permeation characteristics of bentonite‐doped polysulfone membranes were investigated. Solubility sphere for bentonite was constructed to estimate its solubility parameter. Thermodynamic modeling of phase inversion of this system was carried out using Flory–Huggins theory. The trade‐off between thermodynamic and kinetic parameters was used to predict the membrane morphology for bentonite concentration varying from 0 to 5 wt %. The porosity of bentonite‐doped membranes decreased up to 3 wt % that increased thereafter. Morphological analysis showed dense cross section with finger‐like macrovoids at 3 wt % beyond which it changed to honeycomb structure with large circular voids. Permeability of 3 wt % membrane was the lowest (5.6 × 10−12 m/Pa s) with 95% bovine serum albumin rejection. Contact angle of the membranes decreased from 83 to 66° with bentonite addition making the membrane more hydrophilic. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48450.
Gaps in the protection of European lakes
Authors: Tsavdaridou Anastasia I. , Moustaka‐Gouni Maria , Katsiapi Matina , Mazaris Antonios D.
Published: September 2019

Protected areas represent the main tool for halting the continuing loss of biological diversity. The number and extent of protected areas is gradually increasing, but this expansion does not always ensure the efficient protection of key species, habitats, and ecosystem functioning. Today, the Natura 2000 network encompasses more than 27 000 sites, representing the cornerstone of conservation strategies throughout Europe. About one‐fifth of the terrestrial surface of the European Union (EU) is now covered by the Natura 2000 network; yet, knowledge remains limited about its efficiency to encompass inland water ecosystems sufficiently.

This study aimed to determine the extent to which the Natura 2000 network covers 5132 European lakes that host fish species and freshwater lake habitat types of conservation interest. A key question investigated was whether the protection coverage of the water bodies reflects the coverage of the terrestrial areas surrounding the lakes. Geographical, socio‐economic, and political parameters were considered as potential descriptors of the observed patterns.

The results demonstrated that although most of these sensitive ecosystems have high protection coverage at water body level, Natura 2000 largely ignores their surroundings. At the catchment level, lower conservation coverage was detected, raising concerns about whether the network offers sufficient protection to wetland species, habitats, and ecosystem functioning against numerous threats operating in the terrestrial areas surrounding water bodies. The results also identified different patterns of coverage in different EU Member States, which might reflect a lack of common practices regarding the implementation of key EU directives.

This study highlighted the necessity of redefining conservation planning towards a systematic, integrated approach. The spatial properties of the landscape and the distribution of potential pressures should be considered at the catchment level of water bodies, as these pressures alter the functionality and services of inland water ecosystems.
Controlled Formation of Thiol‐Thiolate Hydrogen versus Disulfide Bonds between Two Iridium(III) Centers
Authors: Minami Katsue , Kuwamura Naoto , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi
Published: September 2019

Here, we report an iridium(III) coordination system with 2‐aminoethanethiolate (aet), which shows the formation of S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen and S−S disulfide bonds in a controlled manner. Treatment of fac‐[Ir(aet)3] with aqueous HBF4 under aerobic conditions gave dinuclear [Ir2(aet)4(cysta)]2+ ([1]2+; cysta=cystamine) with a single S−S disulfide bond, while dimeric [Ir2(aet)3(Haet)3](BF4)3 ([2](BF4)3) with a triple S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond was formed by similar treatment under anaerobic conditions. Upon exposure to air, [2]3+ was converted to dinuclear [Ir2(aet)2(Haet)2(cysta)]4+ ([3]4+), in which two IrIII centers are spanned by a double S−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond and a single S−S disulfide bond. Complex [3]4+ was interconvertible with [1]2+ via the removal/addition of protons on S donors, accompanied by the intermolecular exchange of the fac‐[Ir(aet)3] units. Complexes [1]2+, [2]3+, and [3]4+, isolated as BF4− salts, were fully characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
In Situ Generation of AgI Quantum Dots by the Confinement of A Supramolecular Polymer Network: A Novel Approach for Ultrasensitive Response
Authors: Zhang You‐Ming , He Jun‐Xia , Zhu Wei , Qu Wen‐Juan , Zhang Zhe , Fang Hu , Yao Hong , Wei Tai‐Bao , Lin Qi
Published: September 2019

A novel approach for in situ generation of AgI quantum dots by the confinement of a pillar[5]arene‐based supramolecular polymer network has been successfully developed. The supramolecular polymer network (SPN‐QP) was constructed by using a bis‐8‐hydroxyquinoline‐modified pillar[5]arene derivative as a host (H‐QP) and a bis‐pyridinium‐modified decane as guest (G‐PD). The SPN‐QP shows ultrasensitive response for Ag+. The limit of detection is about 7.44×10−9 M..Interestingly, when I− was added to the SPN‐QP+Ag+ system, an unexpected strong warm‐white fluorescence emission was observed. After carefu investigation, we found that the strong warm‐white fluorescence emission could be attributed to the in situ formation of AgI quantum dots under the confinement of the supramolecular polymer network (SPN‐QP). Based on this approach, ultrasensitive detection of I− was realized. The limit of detection for I− is 4.40×10−9 M. This study provides a new way for the preparation of quantum dots under the confinement of supramolecular polymer network as well as ultrasensitive detection of ions by in situ formation of quantum dots.
Hybrid Thermo‐Electrochemical In Situ Instrumentation for Lithium‐Ion Energy Storage
Authors: Amietszajew Tazdin , Fleming Joe , Roberts Alexander J. , Widanage Widanalage D. , Greenwood David , Kok Matt D. R. , Pham Martin , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Bhagat Rohit
Published: September 2019

Current “state‐of‐the‐art” monitoring and control techniques for lithium‐ion cells rely on full‐cell potential measurement and occasional surface temperature measurements. However, Li‐ion cells are complex multi‐layer devices and as such these techniques have poor resolution, limiting applicability. In this work we develop hybrid thermo‐electrochemical sensing arrays placed within the cell. The arrays are integrated into A5 pouch cells during manufacture and are used to create thermal maps in parallel with anode and cathode electrochemical data. The sensor array can be adapted to a range of cell formats and chemistries and installed into commercial or other industrially relevant cells, incorporating enhanced thermal and electrochemical diagnostic capability into a standard cell build.
Control of expression and activity of peroxisome proliferated‐activated receptor γ by Annexin A1 on microglia during efferocytosis
Authors: da Rocha Gustavo Henrique Oliveira , Loiola Rodrigo Azevedo , Pantaleão Lorena do Nascimento , Reutelingsperger Chris , Solito Egle , Farsky Sandra Helena Poliselli
Published: September 2019

Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein secreted by phagocytic cells which plays a pivotal role on the resolution of inflammation by enhancing phagocytosis carried out by phagocytes. Which factors and intracellular mechanisms are linked to such actions exerted by AnxA1 are yet to be completely understood. In order to investigate such, BV2 microglial cells were transfected with plasmids aimed at down‐modulating AnxA1 expression and also treated with exogenous recombinant rAnxA1; gene and protein expression of proliferated‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CD36, STAT6 phosphorylation and phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons were investigated. Down‐modulating AnxA1 in BV2 cells impaired gene and protein expression of PPARγ, effects reversed by treatment with recombinant AnxA1 (rAnxA1). Lower levels of CD36 were also verified in AnxA1 down‐modulated BV2 cells. AnxA1‐mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was abrogated due to blockade of PPARγ activation, and in AnxA1 down‐modulated cells exogenous AnxA1 failed to exert any effects on phagocytosis. Lower levels of STAT6/pSTAT6 in AnxA1 down‐modulated BV2 cells suggest the involvement of this transcription factor with PPARγ and CD36 synthesis and actions. Data here shown suggest that there is a probable connection between AnxA1, PPARγ, and CD36, which must all act in association in order for efferocytosis to occur properly. AnxA1‐mediated phosphorylation of STAT6 is probably involved with intracellular pathways involving PPARγ and CD36 actions. These data evidence that PPARγ/CD36 play a role on AnxA1‐mediated efferocytosis in microglial cells.

Significance of the study

The findings of this work provide evidence that the glucocorticoid‐mediated protein annexin A1 modulates PPARγ expression and that PPARγ is important for annexin A1‐mediated efferocytosis. Only recently the interaction between these two factors has begun to be explored, and knowledge on associated cell mechanisms are still scarce. Elucidating how annexin A1 and PPARγ interact with one another provides basis for further research aimed at understanding molecular pathways and cell signaling events involved with these factors, expanding existing knowledge on the anti‐inflammatory effects of such factors.
What next for adolescent forensic mental health research?
Authors: Hales Heidi , Holt Clare , Delmage Enys , Lengua César
Published: September 2019

Background

A small proportion of every nation's young people become sufficiently antisocial to come into contact with the criminal justice system. Many also have disorders of mental health or emotional well‐being. Although countries vary in designating age of criminal responsibility, all must provide services for offenders, perhaps as young as 10, both to help them and safeguard their peers and the wider public.

Aim

The aim of this article is to map the range of research required to support the development of satisfactory services for young mentally disordered offenders and identify knowledge gaps from a practitioner's perspective.

Methods

Using a public health prevention framework, we identified the main streams of research pertinent to young, mentally disordered offenders and sought examples of each to consider the extent to which they have been used to inform service development in England.

Findings

As in most countries, service development seems first driven by unusual, newsworthy cases. Overall, however, current English provision follows sound primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention principles with parallel tiers of service, including public health initiatives. Primary prevention and more specific treatments are likely to be informed by research findings, but service structure tends to emerge from a wider review base, including criminal justice, social and educational practitioner reviews, and also politics. Thus, services and populations of service users may change in advance of research evidence. Substantial reduction in numbers of young offenders in prison in England, for example, is clearly good in principle, but the intensity of need in the residual group is posing new challenges to which there are, yet, few answers.

Conclusions

Although the last 15 years of coordinated service development in England has been broadly theoretically based, it has not been systematically assessed to establish what works best for whom. New problems emerging, such as new drugs of misuse, and new opportunities, such as technology for supporting and monitoring, require model studies. More research focusing on correlates of success is essential.