bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lysis/rejection of split autoderm grafts – solutions
Authors: Zinoviev E. V. , Soloshenko V. V. , Yurova Yu. V. , Kostyakov D. V. , Vagner D. O. , Krylov P. K.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Analysis of available literature and our own experience, the main causes of the lysis / rejection of autoderm grafts are systematized. It is shown that there is no consensus among combustiologists about the causes of these complications. It is believed that the leading cause of such complications is the general condition of the body, the unpreparedness of wounds for surgical treatment and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in seriously ill people. The frequency of unsatisfactory treatment results also correlates with the level of contamination of the burn wound. An increase in microbial seeding to 107 or 108 colony forming units per gram is a relative contraindication to surgery, while the optimal level for skin grafting is considered to be 104 colony forming units per gram. In addition, locally plastic interventions are possible with a microbial load of 105 colony forming units per gram, subject to compensation for violations of the general condition of the victim. Of great importance are the timing of autodermotransplantation. Conducting skin plastics later than 14 days after the injury increases the risk of postoperative complications. This is due to the peculiarities of the pathophysiological processes characteristic of burn wounds. During the first two weeks from the moment of the injury, the processes of reparative regeneration prevail in them, however, their intensity progressively decreases over time. It has been demonstrated that immune system disorders also have a significant effect on the rate of graft lysis. Domestic experts have developed an original method for predicting the likelihood of an unsatisfactory result of skin grafting, based on an assessment of a number of parameters of the immune system. The results of our observations indicate that the main causes of lysis / rejection of autodermotransplantants in the postoperative period are insufficient preparation of wounds for surgical treatment, changes in the general condition of the body, impaired immune system (autoaggression), and a high level of microbial contamination. The development of common criteria for assessing a patients readiness for skin grafting to prevent rejection of transplanted autoderm grafts remains an urgent task of combustiology.
Fat depot of the heart: contribution to the development of cardiovascular diseases, visualization methods and the possibilities of it’s correction
Authors: Bratilova E. S. , Kachnov V. A. , Tyrenko V. V. , Zheleznyak I. S. , Cherkashin D. V. , Kushnarev S. V. , Sobolev A. D.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Рresents the possibilities of various visualization methods for assessing heart fat depot in patients with cardiovascular disease, as well as the effect of adipose tissue on myocardial function. The prospects of using the heart fat depot as a therapeutic target are considered on the example of the successful use of various groups of antidiabetic drugs, in particular glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Thus, it has been established that an ectopic fat depot makes a certain contribution to atherogenesis due to its effect on lipid metabolism, participation in the formation of a chronic inflammatory reaction of low intensity, potentiation of endothelial dysfunction, and activation of a coagulant shift. In addition, local organ dysfunctions, such as increased intrarenal pressure, mitochondrial disorders, increased lipogenesis, the formation of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity additionally create prerequisites for an increase in cardiovascular risk. Defines diagnostic and useful methods that not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively describe the relationship of fat depot and potential comorbid pathology. The effect of reducing cardiovascular risk, consisting in reducing the amount of epicardial adipose tissue in the studied, was observed when taking the preparation of the biguanide group, as well as its combination with drugs - analogues of glucagon-like peptide 1 and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. A similar effect was also observed in the case of the use of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
Application of new approaches in the organization and conduct of classes on combat and special training of military medical personnel
Authors: Kasimov R. R. , Zavrazhnov A. A. , Blinda I. V. , Puchin K. S.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Considers an example of organizing and conducting practice-oriented classes on providing emergency medical care for injuries with medical personnel of the military level, garrison and base military hospitals in the Western military district. In large garrisons of the military district in 2019, we conducted four rounds of field training on the organization of emergency medical care for major life-threatening conditions. The format of classes included master classes and blitz lectures on various topics: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stopping ongoing external bleeding, eliminating asphyxia and pneumothorax, transport immobilization, and features of the use of modern means of emergency medical care. An important practical part of the training was training with surgeons of military and hospital units on living biological objects. At the beginning and end of the course, primary and control tests of the level of knowledge were conducted. During the initial testing, the percentage of correct answers in the groups averaged: surgeons (n=20) 53,9%, doctors of other specialties (n=25) 56,5%, average medical staff (n=34) 52,8%, health instructors (n=52) 52,6%. During the control testing, the following results were obtained: 71,5; 83,5; 84,3 and 83,9% respectively. The format of classes reliably (p˂0,05) showed their high efficiency in all groups. Thus, the need to actively introduce a practice-oriented form of training in the form of demonstration classes, including the use of biological models and simulators, into the combat and special training of military medical personnel is obvious and beyond doubt.
Information awareness of female students about the importance of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Silchuk A. M. , Silchuk S. M. , Bolotin A. E. , Kudritsky V. N. , Orlova N. V. , Denisov A. V.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Questions of information awareness of students about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle are considered. It is shown that such awareness, as a rule, is carried out through the mass media, an Internet resource, but it should be based on the constant awareness of students in physical education classes by teachers who conduct theoretical and practical classes in study groups or on lecture streams. Experimental data are presented, according to which the role and significance of a healthy lifestyle is revealed. It is the constant clarification of these issues that creates motivation for students to lead a healthy lifestyle. Ways to improve the quality of information support for students on the organization of a healthy lifestyle in the daily mode based on systematic conversations, lectures, the use of multimedia, advertising through the local press, television and websites of higher educational institutions are shown. It is established that students do not fully possess knowledge about compliance with the norms and rules of a healthy lifestyle, and do not clearly assess its role in maintaining and strengthening health. In this regard, it is recommended to regularly conduct explanatory conversations about a healthy lifestyle and motivate students to self-study using various means and methods of physical education.
Training of the pharmaceutical personnel during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 (to the 75th anniversary of the Victory)
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu. V. , Bunin S. A. , Kononov V. N. , Perfilev A. B. , Kostenko N. L.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The characteristic of the functioning of the pharmaceutical personnel training system on the eve and during the years of World War II is presented. It was established that the countrys leadership had carried out a conceptual restructuring of the entire education system in advance and measures had been taken to streamline scientific and scientific-pedagogical work. At the beginning of the war, decisive measures were taken at the state level to preserve both the number of universities with their scientific and pedagogical potential, and the number of students. It is shown that on the eve of the war 22916 pharmaceutical specialists were in stock, of which more than 11 thousand people were drafted into the army, which accounted for about 70% of the staffing requirement. However, these specialists could not fully carry out professional activities without additional knowledge. Many of them, called up from the reserve, in practice in the most difficult wartime conditions, comprehended the organizational features of the work of hospital pharmacies and warehouses, the military field technology for the manufacture of medicines, the principles of medical supply for the army. The contribution of the Military Medical Academy named after CM. Kirov in improving the efficiency of the functioning of the medical supply system and the training of military pharmaceutical personnel. The activities of universities to establish training necessary for the front and rear of specialists, ways to eliminate the personnel hunger, the organization of the educational process in besieged Leningrad are shown. The heroism of students and teachers of institutes is reflected. Celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory, it is difficult to overestimate the dedicated work of the teaching staff and researchers of pharmaceutical universities and faculties, which allowed not only to preserve, but also to increase the potential of the pharmaceutical education system during the Great Patriotic War. Trained pharmaceutical specialists in difficult conditions worked selflessly at the front, in the rear, preserving the life, health of the wounded and sick soldiers and the countrys population, bringing Victory closer.
Of the 90th anniversary of the birth of professor Alexander B. Zorin
Authors: Khubulava G. G. , Sizenko V. V. , Volkov A. M. , Sazonov A. B. , Akhadov R. A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. On June 12, 2020, Alexander Borisovich Zorin would have turned 90. Most of his life A.B. Zorin worked at the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov in 1st clinic of surgery (of the perfection of doctors) named after P.A. Kupriyanov. He made a great contribution to the development of cardiovascular surgery in the Russian Federation, performed a number of fundamental research on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of heart defects, on May 31, 1988 he successfully transplanted a heart for the first time in Leningrad, was one of the initiators of the creation of the international program Heart-to-heart, thanks to which the cardiac surgeons of Leningrad got the opportunity to learn from their foreign colleagues. After demobilization in 1991 he headed the cardiac surgery departments in the city hospitals of St. Petersburg, and headed the department at the Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. In 2003 A.B. Zorin was awarded the medal For the Contribution to the Development of Health Care in Russia, in 2004 he was awarded an insignia St. Petersburg Appreciation by the Governor of St. Petersburg Va.I. Matvienko and was elected an honorary member of the Public Council of Governors. In 2007 For the high achievements in the development of cardiac surgery, A.B. Zorin was awarded: The International Award named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky Outstanding cardiac surgeon of the world, the a prize named after A.N. Bakulev For a longstanding selfless and impeccable work and great personal contribution, the gold medal For outstanding achievements and unprecedented personal contribution to the development of the world surgery.
The first military hospitals in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Milasheva N. V. , Samoilov V. O.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The documentary materials from the funds of the Russian State Archive of the Navy, other archives, published letters and documents of Peter the Great, his Daily Note and other sources about the history of the first military hospitals (infirmaries) of Saint Petersburg are studied. At the same time, the history of the first military hospitals is reflected against the background of the difficult events of the Northern War of 17001721, with which the establishment of hospitals for the Russian army and the navy and the development of military medicine are inextricably linked. The organization of military medicine became aggravated immediately with the outbreak of hostilities, with the first wounded and sick. The fight against the plague epidemic and other infections during the war, the shortage of doctors, healers, infirmaries, hospitals and their own national staff greatly complicated the provision of medical care. Numerous documents and facts prove that the events before 1715 can be attributed to the first stage in the development of military medicine in Saint Petersburg. It was established that in 1704 the issue of establishing a military land hospital in the northern capital was already discussed (Peter I, A.D. Menshikov, N.L. Bidloo); hospital), and the senior physician of the Navy Yang Govi served in it with zeal In 1713, by the decree of the Great Sovereign Y. Govi, he was appointed head of the Admiralty Hospital, doctors, apprentices and medical students in it. By that time, Dr. R. Erskine actually assumed the office of archiatrist (until 1712). A detailed statement of Lieutenant General R.V. Bruce on the number of sick and wounded who received medical care in hospitals and hospitals in Saint Petersburg from 1713 to 1715. The decree of Peter I on the construction of a complex of General hospitals with anatomical theaters on the Vyborgskaya side (1715) according to Dr. Areskins drawing, and the establishment of a medical school (until 1719) are the next stage in the development of military medicine in Saint Petersburg, prepared by all previous events.
Early bronchodilatory response to the first dose of indacaterol/glycopyrronium as an additional individual predictor of their effectiveness in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Sharova N. V. , Grishaev S. L. , Cherkashin D. V. , Efimov S. V. , Kharitonov M. A. , Zakharova A. I. , Zakharova I. M.
Published: July 2021

The effectiveness of the early bronchodilatory response of the first dose of a fixed double combination of long-acting bronchodilators of various classes indacaterol/glycopyrronium and long-acting anticholinergics glycopyrronium and Tiotropium in patients suffering from stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is compared. It was found that in all patients included in the study and suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, changes in functional respiratory indicators were accompanied by positive and comparable dynamics of clinical signs: a decrease in the severity of shortness of breath, the impact of the disease on the quality of life and increased tolerance to physical activity. It was found that the combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium provides rapid, pronounced and prolonged bronchodilation in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to the separate use of glycopyrronium and Tiotropium. Consistent use of glycopyrronium and salbutamol leads to maximum bronchodilation, which makes it advisable to separate the use of prolonged bronchodilators when initiating therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, there is a clinical feasibility of taking not only fixed combinations of bronchodilators of different classes, but also their consistent use. The results of an early bronchodilatory response to the first dose of indacaterol/glycopyrronium can be used as an additional individual predictor of their effectiveness in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Programmed extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the complex treatment of systemic scleroderma
Authors: Manuilov A. S. , Belskih A. N. , Bardakov S. N. , Apchel A. V. , Tishko V. V. , Zakharov M. V. , Sokolov A. A. , Ryabova T. S. , Volkov K. Yu. , Vasylieva I. А.
Published: July 2021

The choice of non-drug methods for the treatment of systemic scleroderma is currently very limited. Several studies show that extracorporeal photochemotherapy can improve kidney and lung function and reduce skin fibrosis in patients with systemic scleroderma. We studied the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with systemic scleroderma with an assessment before and after 12 months against the background of complex treatment, which included programmed extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Indications for inclusion in the study was the ineffectiveness of standard therapy with glucocorticoids and cytostatics or the impossibility of their use, as well as signs of an unfavorable prognosis of the disease: diffuse form, high skin count (14), rapid progression with a significant initial decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, forced vital capacity, high immunological activity (high titer of antinuclear factor and positivity for antibodies to Scl-70). When evaluating the results of complex treatment, a good clinical effect was observed in all patients: the induration of the skin decreased, the functionality of the lungs and kidneys increased. A significant decrease in the disease activity index was noted. These positive changes were the basis for a decrease in the daily dose of glucocorticoids. Significantly significant changes were observed in a decrease in the immunological activity of the disease: levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and immunoglobulin G, antinuclear factor titer and all types of circulating immune complexes. The results of our study confirm the data of other studies that demonstrated the positive effect of extracorporeal photochemotherapy as a component of the complex treatment of systemic scleroderma.
Application of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for correction of liver function in patients suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kotkas I. E. , Masurov V. I. , Bakulin I. G. , Enukashvili N. I. , Asadulayev Sh. M.
Published: July 2021

Clinical experience of application of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in treatment of patient suffering from liver cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology is presented. A special feature is that the hepatocyte precursors were isolated directly from the patients liver tissue. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery to obtain the largest volume of material and to be able to visually control the tissue sampling with minimal fibrotic changes. After liver tissue sampling, the patient was discharged for outpatient treatment in a satisfactory condition. Subsequently, the patient was re-admitted to the hospital. During repeated hospitalization, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the amount of 20 million were injected into the arterial bed of the liver using x-ray endovascular technique. In the control study, 6 months after treatment, according to the 13C-metacetin test, normalization of liver function, regression of portal hypertension, and an increase in platelet levels were noted. There were no complications during this treatment. Treatment of patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver is quite a serious and complex task. As a rule, the patient learns about his diagnosis already in the presence of complications, when the liver function is already significantly impaired. The propensity of the population to alcoholism leads to the formation of fibrosis, and subsequently cirrhosis of the liver. The absence of anti-fibrotic drugs contributes to the implementation of research to find alternative methods of treatment for this category of patients. In General, the use of autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells is an effective and promising method, and research in this direction should be continued.
Differences in the perception of digital information of aviation operators depending on the degree of extraversion
Authors: Sinelnikov S. N. , Naturalnikov I. O. , Blaginin A. A. , Agadzhanyan O. S.
Published: July 2021

Considers the influence of the degree of extraversion on the perception of digital information by aviation operators. The analysis of the results of solving the Schulte tables by the test subjects on the NS-Psychotest hardware complex based on the recording of the eye track, performed using a stationary eye tracking device RED250mobile eye tracking device was carried out. While performing the search function, the number of saccadic movements, their amplitude, and the search time for a given digital value were registered. It has been revealed, that introverts during realization eyes search function perform less saccadic movements and spend less time on it than extraverts do. Significant differences have been found during resolving search tasks depending on degree of extraversion. Some interconnections of extension the latent period of the saccade with complication of solving process the cognitive problem were also found. It was found out, that increase in speed of saccadic movements of eyes leads to low efficiency of results of search task execution. Results of conducted research emphasize value of individual approach to medical flight service taking into account psychological features of flight crew in conditions of rapid progress in aviation technologies and means of visualisation of flight information. The obtained data reveal some features of information perception by operators of complex ergatic systems, the study of which in the future will help to maintain the reserves of attention in a continuous stream of incoming data, and thereby reduce the load on the visual analyzer and increase the reliability of professional activities of flight crew.
Peculiarities of the course of radiation-mechanical injuries during modeling of bone-muscular trauma of the limbs in expirement
Authors: Slukhay S. I. , Golovko K. P. , Drachev I. S. , Remizov D. V.
Published: July 2021

Experimental data on the course of the wound process and changes in the internal organs of animals during acute radiation sickness are presented. Morphological changes in the wound and with a fracture of the femur, on the model of combined radiation-mechanical conduction in 30 experimental animals (rats). It was found that wounds after primary surgical treatment often suppurate, and the performed osteosynthesis in fractures of tubular bones turns out to be an untenable delivery of metal structures. An unfavorable course of the wound process is noted in the form of pronounced purulent-necrotic changes in soft tissues, which leads to the appearance of degenerative-dystrophic changes in internal organs in experimental animals. The development of the infectious process in the wound, radiation damage is more severe, while the lethality increases by 2023%. The total area and thickness of the newly formed granulation tissue is 1,52 times less than in non-irradiated animals. As a consequence of the disturbance of reparative processes during the development of the mutual burdening syndrome, the consolidation of the fracture with radiation injury to rats was completed in 28,51,2 days, while in non-irradiated animals it was already by 2023 days. The reason for the death of animals is purulent-septic complications in 21 (73%) irradiated rats. Sepsis due to St. aureus was noted in 14 (66,6%) rats and St. epidermalis in 2 (9,5%) animals. Colibacillary sepsis was recorded in 5 (23,8%) rats. Thus, in the conditions of the use of weapons of mass destruction, radiation-mechanical damage will occupy one of the leading places in the structure of sanitary losses. At the same time, the simultaneous effect of radiation and a mechanical factor on the body forms one of the most dangerous variants of damage, in which a favorable outcome is predicted only in milder forms of acute radiation syndrome and provided that surgical treatment is timely.
Decellularized matrix of the small intestine. Technology for obtaining, evaluating and using directions
Authors: Kokorina A. A. , Kromsky S. V. , Kriventsov A. V. , Mikhailova E. V. , Pak N. V. , Kondratenko A. A. , Sigareva L. P. , Sidorin V. S. , Kostina O. V. , Onishchenko L. S. , Aleksandrov V. N.
Published: July 2021

Matrix (scaffold, matrix, framework, template) is a bioresorbable or non-bioresorbable material that can be filled with stem or somatic cells in/ex vivo in order to obtain a tissue-engineering structure for restoration of a lost organ, part of an organ, tissue. Scaffold must be to the extent necessary strong, non-immunogenic, bioactive. The porosity of the matrix must be open, the surface is rough and, most importantly, the matrix must contain factors of chemotaxis of endo- or exogenous origin, cell adhesion of their proliferation, differentiation. In this context, on the example of creating a decellularized small intestine matrix, a number of fundamental issues are highlighted regarding the choice of matrix material, its production technology, matrix evaluation in accordance with the criteria that correspond to the matrix for tissue engineering, and possible directions for its use. As a result, a non-immunogenic extracellular matrix of the small intestine was obtained by the method of detergent-enzymatic perfusion decellularization, which was sufficient in characteristics for use in various areas of tissue engineering, including plasty of defects of the skin, mucous membranes, small intestine, etc.
The course of delayed right-sided post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with dislocation of the liver into the chest cavity
Authors: Yasyuchenya D. A. , Asyamov K. V. , Dzizawa I. I. , Salukhov V. V. , Chugunov A. A. , Bogomolov A. B. , Nikolaev A. V. , Grozovsky Yu. R.
Published: July 2021

A rare clinical case of delayed post-traumatic hernia of the right dome of the diaphragm with dislocation of the liver into the chest cavity without dysfunction of the liver, lungs, and the absence of hemodynamic disturbances is described. At the outpatient stage, during the planned fluorography in patient N, in the projection of the lower lobe of the right lung, a single round-shaped darkening with dimensions 11499 mm was revealed. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient was admitted to the clinic of hospital surgery military medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov in a planned manner. Based on the results of the examination and a thorough collection of anamnesis, the final diagnosis was established: Right-sided post-traumatic hernia with dislocation of the liver into the chest cavity. This complication is extremely rare. The literature describes isolated clinical examples of such a pathology. This is due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure, namely, with the protective function performed by the liver. It prevents other organs of the peritoneal cavity from lobbying into the chest cavity. However, in this unique case, liver migration after a closed abdominal trauma was described. It is not unimportant that this clinical case was accompanied by a meager clinical picture, the absence of complaints from patient N., and normal indicators of the method performance of laboratory diagnostic techniques. The mortality rate for diaphragm ruptures can reach 31% in the first days after injury. Therefore, the diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia requires exclusion in all patients with chest and / or abdominal trauma.
Medical Support of Combat Operations and Naval Air Force Losses in the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Luchnikov E. A. , Chernikov O. G. , Mavrenkov E. M.
Published: July 2021

The paper addresses the contribution of the Naval Air Force and its medical service to the victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Organizational and staff structure, medical support of combat operations, the dynamics, level and structure of operational attrition and non-battle sanitary losses of the Naval Air Force air and ground crews are studied by categories and by the periods of the war, including the major operations, separately for each fleet. Detailed analysis of the experience of search and rescue operations and aeromedical evacuation as specific components of the medical service of the Naval Air Force is presented. The management procedures of medical supplies and recreation of the air crews to prevent their exhaustion are studied. For instance, since it was impossible to provide professional and specialized medical aid to the wounded from the fleet air force units, it had to be provided at the naval and combined-arms levels of medical evacuation. Only a small number of air base infirmaries were staffed by qualified surgeons. Difficulties in organizing the medical supplies were caused by frequent movements of air force units, often in the closest vicinity to the enemy; and also, by the lack of special unified medical packs. Based on the experience of medical support for search and rescue operations, the most effective search and rescue of flight personnel was organized using water-planes. During the war, naval aviation pilots evacuated thousands of wounded people to the rear of the country. The specifics of the fleet aviation missions characterize the structure of sanitary losses and their ratio to the irretrievable losses of flying personnel during the four years of the war. Due to a significant combat load on the pilots, the command was obliged to organize their rehabilitation in the form of short-term vacation at adapted recreation centers. Based on the information available from literature and archive sources, the successful experience and faults in the medical support of the combat missions of the Air Force as the striking component of the Navy during the Great Patriotic War are analyzed, and respective detailed conclusions are made.
Modernization of the medical property rationing system for health resort organization Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu. V. , Dolgih S. V. , Rodionov E. O. , Kirsanova A. A.
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the leadership of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation has carried out a number of measures to modernize the health resort facilities in the countrys military health resorts. During their implementation, health resort organizations were significantly reconstructed, acquired a new organizational and staff structure, and advanced medical technologies were introduced into their work. These changes have led to the need to modernize the system for providing medicines and medical products to sanatorium organizations of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation. The modernization was carried out in the course of several scientific studies in 20182019. It is based on the approaches to sanatorium-resort provision, medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation that have been formed recently. In its development, an integrated approach was used, based on the principles of project management, taking into account the features of each military health resort in modern socio-economic conditions. A detailed analysis of the factors affecting the functioning of the military health resorts and structural-logical grouping of tasks, allowing the model normalization to form a system of rationing medical property of the sanatorium-resort organizations of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation. The result is an optimal structure of the rates of supply of medical supplies to military resorts, which allows us to match organizational structure and needs for different types of medical (pharmaceutical) activity. For the first time, the structure of norms for the supply of medical equipment to health resort organizations provides for norms for the supply of medicines for medical and medical-psychological rehabilitation. Describes the new supply of medical equipment, reveals their features and application procedure. The first results of the introduction of a new system of rationing medical equipment in the practical activities of military health care are presented.
Epidemiological features and clinical variants of inflammatory bowel diseases in St. Petersburg in the setting of outpatient practice
Authors: Purgina D. S. , Solovyev M. V. , Lyalina L. V. , Rassokhin V. V.
Published: July 2021

Epidemiological features and clinical variants of inflammatory bowel diseases in St. Petersburg in conditions of outpatient practice are considered. It was established that among patients suffering from ulcerative colitis in the Vyborg and Frunze regions, women predominate in a ratio of 1:2. At the same time, more than 50% of cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease come from the age of 2049 years. The vast majority of patients examined with ulcerative colitis experienced a moderate attack. In more than half of cases, left-sided localization was noted with endoscopic activity of 23 points on the Schroeder scale, rectal lesion was observed in 22% of cases, total colitis was detected in only 14%. In general, the incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in the Vyborg and Frunze regions is higher than Crohns disease. However, more extensive and lengthy studies of the problem are needed, but there are some difficulties associated with the lack of a unified registration base for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. Given that the incidence of ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease is higher among women and more than 50% of patients are of the most able-bodied age (2049 years), inflammatory bowel disease is a group of highly relevant and socially significant diseases. Lower figures for the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases compared with those of developed countries indicate insufficient detection, diagnostic and clinical features of these diseases, as well as the need to optimize specialized medical care in places of residence of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases. Nevertheless, currently in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region a fairly effective system of early detection and dynamic observation of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis has been created, which includes the activities of therapists and gastroenterologists of polyclinics, endoscopists and specialists of centers for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases of academic and university clinics.
Medical and statistical indicators of injuries among officers in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (2003–2019)
Authors: Evdokimov V. I. , Sivashchenko P. P. , Ivanov V. V. , Khominets V. V.
Published: July 2021

Injury indicators for officers of the Armed Forces of Russia in 20032019 are analyzed. A selective statistical analysis of medical reports on the state of health of personnel according to the form of 3/МЕD military units was carried out, in which about 80% of the total number of officers of the Armed Forces of Russia served. Injury indicators by type of medical and statistical reporting were correlated with the groups in the 19th class Injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of exposure to external causes (S00-T98) of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, 10th revision. The average annual level of injuries of officers from 2003 to 2019 was 17,591,37, their share in the structure of primary morbidity in all classes of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, the 10th revision was 4,20,4%, the contribution to the structure of injuries of all servicemen of the Armed Forces of Russia was 32%. The average annual level of hospitalization, its share and contribution were 10,891,64, 6,10,5 and 26,3%, respectively. The average annual level of days of labor loss, their share and contribution amounted to 352,226,8, 8,40,7 and 33,8%, respectively. The average annual level of dismissal, its share and contribution were 0,380,70, 5,109 and 26%, respectively. The average annual mortality rate, its share and contribution amounted to 48,033,84 per 100 thousand officers, 39,61,9 and 40,7%, respectively. The dynamics show a decrease in the level and proportion of injuries in the structure of the analysed medical and statistical types of incidence. The level and structure of injury groups in the 19th grade of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, the 10th revision, as well as the structure of types of injuries of body regions are presented. A military epidemiological assessment of the significance of injuries for negative consequences for the health of officers was designed. Structure and dynamics of injury circumstances structure are shown. Medical and statistical indicators of injuries among officers determine the strategy and tactics of safe conditions of military-professional activity, injury prevention, health and rehabilitation measures.
Surgical methods of treatment of chronic heart failure and their place in modern clinical recommendations
Authors: Kotsoeva O. T. , Koltsov A. V. , Tyrenko V. V. , Ialovets A. A.
Published: July 2021

This review discusses a number of aspects of surgical methods for treating severe chronic heart failure: resynchronizing therapy, mechanical circulatory support systems, and heart transplantation. Surgical methods for the treatment of heart failure are a rapidly developing field of modern cardiology and cardiac surgery. The main surgical method of treatment was and remains orthotopic transplantation of a donor heart. The advent of implantable systems has affected the problem of heart transplantation. Over the past decade, the use of mechanical circulatory support systems has grown significantly. At the moment, there are 3 main directions: creating devices for auxiliary blood circulation, various modes and methods of electrical stimulation of the myocardium, creating devices that mechanically remodel the heart chambers (left ventricle). All of these directions to some extent (depending on the evidence base) have found their place in modern recommendations for the treatment of chronic heart failure. The use of mechanical left ventricular remodeling shows good results in patients suffering from symptomatic heart failure, which leads to a significant and persistent decrease in the volume of the left ventricle and improvement of its function, symptoms and quality of life. Despite the fact that at the moment the geography and prevalence of their use is small, the number of implanted devices will only grow. Thus, given the need for frequent hospitalizations and high treatment costs, it is necessary to improve modern methods of surgical treatment of severe and terminal heart failure, make them more accessible, which will affect the duration and quality of life of these patients.
Legal and clinical aspects of emergency burns
Authors: Sokolov V. A. , Shpakov I. F. , Butrin Ya. L.
Published: July 2021

The key questions concerning particular sections of the topic Burns in Emergencies are presented. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of terminology. For this, the wording of the Federal Laws, Government Resolutions and Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were used. In accordance with the latter, the classification of emergency situations is given, as well as the criteria by which their damage is assessed. It has been established that the involvement of the forces and means of the Ministry of Defense in the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations is spelled out in the Federal Law. In addition, an argument is made on what basis the citizens of the Russian Federation are obliged to constantly improve their knowledge and practical skills in studying numerous issues of protecting the population, providing assistance to victims, in carrying out emergency rescue operations, etc. situations that led to massive burns. Key features of burns as injuries sustained in emergency situations are formulated. Also, aggravating circumstances are listed that negatively affect the general condition of the victims. The role and place of clinical guidelines as a fundamental development governing the sequence of the organization and content of medical care for those burned at the stages of medical evacuation are indicated. Attention is drawn to the legal significance of the problem.
Student scientific circle as a form of tutor’s support
Authors: Odin V. I.
Published: July 2021

The concept of a student scientific circle as a form of tutor training is presented. The history of the circle movement in Russian universities of imperial Russia is analyzed, starting with the circle organized by Professor Schwartz in 1781 and continued in the Soviet Union. The data on the state support of students research work in the post-war period, including state documents of title and measures of financial support, are presented. The traditional student scientific circle is a circle of those wishing to educate themselves in addition to the planned curriculum, by conducting their own research and publishing the results. As a result, an activity-level specialist is formed from a graduate of the circle. In contrast to the traditional one, the tutor-type training circle forms the circle member as a future specialist not only at the activity level, but also at the project and, preferably, conceptual levels. Methodologically, the task of a tutor-type training circle is not only to teach the circle members the practical skills of conducting scientific research, but, first of all, in personalized work to achieve anthropological goals, to create a reasonable, creative, effective personality who can create, plan and design. In the conditions of the rapid development of modern science, the construction of the future is proceeding at a rapid pace and is associated with the active implementation of the results of scientific experiments in all aspects of human life, which requires active suppression of everyday consciousness. At the same time, due to the risk of a landslide dehumanization, the circle member, as a scientist, needs to lay down humanitarian values that define the individual as a person who shares the ideals of goodness and justice. Thus, the student scientific circle is a system in which a new generation of honest and effective scientists and high class specialists is formed under the guidance of a tutor.
The post-war period of the scientific work of Professor T.Ya. Arieva. Research and publication topics for the period 1946–1958
Authors: Sokolov V. A. , Mamaeva S. A. , Butrin Ya. L.
Published: July 2021

The results of the search, restoration and systematization of research topics and publications of the first head of the Department of Thermal Injuries of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov professor Tuviy Yakovlevich Ariev in the post-war period. The presentation of the material is connected with the urgent tasks that the faculty of the Academy solved in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. The objective difficulties of the work of scientists in Leningrad in the second half of the 1940s are underlined. Nevertheless, T.Ya. Aryev, like many of his colleagues, was able to summarize the clinical material accumulated in front-line medical institutions in the shortest possible time and, only 4 years after returning from the army, to defend his doctoral dissertation. The high quality of the research performed is evidenced by the fact that the materials obtained formed the basis for a separate chapter in the multivolume edition The Experience of Soviet Medicine in the Great Patriotic War 19411945. In addition, T.Ya. Ariev took part in writing several more chapters in this work, the topics of which were also related to the topic of his doctoral dissertation research. He willingly shared the knowledge gained, the experience of preparing for the defense of dissertations and the principles of scientific leadership with young scientists and their leaders. Continued service as head of the Department of Military Field Surgery at the Saratov Military Medical Faculty allowed him to accumulate invaluable experience in the formation and leadership of the scientific and clinical team. Analysis of the subject matter of publications in the 1950s. testifies to the intensive work on improving the diagnosis and treatment of urgent surgical pathology in peacetime. About the high authority among colleagues that T.Ya. Ariev for 4 years of service at the faculty is evidenced by the right to give a speech. The experience accumulated in Saratov will allow him not only to head, but also to effectively manage for many years the first department and clinic of thermal injuries in our country, created in 1960 at the S.M. Kirov.
Development of a microfluidic biosensor for the diagnostics and typing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Mitko Tatiana V. , Shakurov Ruslan I. , Shirshikov Fedor V. , Svetlana Sizova V. , Alieva Elena V. , Konopsky Valery N. , Basmanov Dmitry V. , Bespyatykh Julia A.
Published: July 2021

Background. Despite on the general trend towards decreasing the incidence of newly diagnosed active forms of tuberculosis, the situation with spreading of this disease in Russian Federation remains extremely tense. At the same time, the diagnosis is carried out according to the standard scheme, which takes about a month; another month takes test formulation for drug sensitivity. Thus, the development of new methods for diagnostics and typing of mycobacteria, as well as practice implementation of these developments is an urgent direction. Modern developments in the field of microfluidic technologies open up great opportunities in this direction. Aim. Development of a method for identification and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a label-free biosensor on surface waves in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC SM biosensor). Methods. Oligonucleotide probes were selected and synthesized as DNA targets for M. tuberculosis typing. The photonic crystal surface was modified with aqueous solutions of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Leuconostoc mesenteroides dextrans and bovine serum albumin. Experiments were carried out using a PC SM biosensor. Results. Sequences of detecting oligonucleotide probes were selected for spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis on the PC SM biosensor. Modification of their 3'-ends was carried out in order to create extended single-stranded regions that are not subject to the formation of secondary structures and facilitate hybridization with a single-stranded DNA target. Several series of experimental modifications of the PC surface were carried out by using L. mesenteroides dextrans with different functional groups (including detection of the modification results real time) with simultaneous registration of the increment layer size and volume refractive index of the mixture, which excludes the use of a reference cell. Other experiments were carried out to detect the specific binding of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to the modified PC surface. Conclusions. A technique for the design of probes was developed and a model system of oligonucleotides for the detection of single-stranded DNA using a PC biosensor was proposed. The developed technique of modification of the PC surface with dextrans from L. mesenteroides, which allows to increase the sensitivity of detection of oligonucleotides using the PC SM biosensor. This approach will further expand the panel of diagnostic probes, including identification of resistance markers.