bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint inventory and fulfillment decisions for omnichannel retail networks
Authors: Govindarajan Aravind , Sinha Amitabh , Uichanco Joline
Published: December 2020

An omnichannel retailer with a network of physical stores and online fulfillment centers facing two demands (online and in‐store) has to make important, interlinked decisions—how much inventory to keep at each location and where to fulfill each online order from, as online demand can be fulfilled from any location with available inventory. We consider inventory decisions at the start of the selling horizon for a seasonal product, with online fulfillment decisions made multiple times over the horizon. To address the intractability in considering inventory and fulfillment decisions together, we relax the problem using a hindsight‐optimal bound, for which the inventory decision can be made independent of the optimal fulfillment decisions, while still incorporating virtual pooling of online demands across locations. We develop a computationally fast and scalable inventory heuristic for the multilocation problem based on the two‐store analysis. The inventory heuristic directly informs dynamic fulfillment decisions that guide online demand fulfillment from stores. Using a numerical study based on a fictitious network embedded in the United States, we show that our heuristic significantly outperforms traditional strategies. The value of centralized inventory planning is highest when there is a moderate mix of online and in‐store demands leading to synergies between pooling within and across locations, and this value increases with the size of the network. The inventory‐aware fulfillment heuristic considerably outperforms myopic policies seen in practice, and is found to be near‐optimal under a wide range of problem parameters.
In the footsteps of August Michaelis: Syntheses and Thermodynamics of Extremely Low‐Volatile Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Topp Anke , Siegesmund Antje , Päpcke Ayla , Köckerling Martin , Verevkin Sergey P.
Published: December 2020

A series of nine different known ionic liquids or low melting salts was synthesised and purified. They are composed of the [NTf2]– (bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide), [OTf]– (trifluoro‐methane‐sulfonate), or [B(CN)4]– (tetracyanidoborate) anion and [Ph4P]+ (tetraphenylphosphonium), [Ph3BzP]+ (triphenylbenzyl phosphonium), [nBu4P]+ (tetra‐nbutylphosphonium), [nBuPh3P]+ (tri‐phenyl‐nbutylphosphonium), [nBu4N]+ (tetra‐nbutylammonium), or the [PPN]+ (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) cation. Precise vapour pressure data and enthalpies of vaporisation were measured using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) method and evaluated. Structure‐property relations are established using the obtained data as well as literature known data of ILs with alkyl‐substituted imidazolium cations. It turns out that ILs with the tetracyanidoborate anion have even higher values of the enthalpy of vaporisation than those with the common [NTf2]− or [OTf]− anion and therefore are even less volatile.
Bright IDEAS problem‐solving skills training for caregivers of children with sickle cell disease: A two‐site pilot feasibility trial
Authors: Young Melissa , Voll Megan , Noll Robert B. , Fairclough Diane L. , Flanagan‐Priore Cate
Published: December 2020

Background

Bright IDEAS problem‐solving skills training (BI) is an evidence‐based behavioral intervention that has been utilized extensively with caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer. Considerable evidence has shown that BI is acceptable to caregivers of children recently diagnosed with cancer, and improvements in problem‐solving skills mediate reduced symptoms of distress.

Procedures

A slightly modified version of BI was offered to caregivers of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in a two‐site pilot feasibility trial. BI was modified to reduce barriers to care, logistical challenges, and stigma associated with receiving behavioral health services. Our goal was to establish high rates of recruitment and retention among caregivers of children with SCD. Recruitment was acceptable (94%; N = 72) and retention reasonable (49%) across both sites with 35 caregivers successfully completing the BI program.

Results

Results showed that caregivers of children with SCD, who successfully completed the BI program reported, significant improvements in problem‐solving skills immediately and three months after intervention completion. Interestingly, initial levels of distress were low with few caregivers reporting clinically significant levels of distress; distress remained low over time.

Conclusions

Findings are discussed in the context of psychosocial screening and resilience of caregivers of children with SCD.
COVID‐19 in pediatric survivors of childhood cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation from a single center in New York City
Authors: Jimenez‐Kurlander Lauren , Antal Zoltan , DeRosa Amelia , Diotallevi Deborah , Pottenger Elaine , Wilson Nadia , Corcoran Stacie , Boulad Farid , Friedman Danielle Novetsky
Published: December 2020

Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for treatment‐related late effects; data are lacking on how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection impacts this cohort. We assessed COVID‐19‐related symptoms, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) IgG seroprevalence, and rate of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization among 321 asymptomatic survivors of childhood cancer or transplantation seen for routine long‐term follow‐up between May and September 2020 in a New York City tertiary cancer center. While 10.9% (n = 35) reported possible COVID‐19‐related symptoms, 7.8% (n = 20) of those tested had positive SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG, and one patient (0.3%) required COVID‐19‐related hospitalization. This report suggests that childhood cancer survivors appear to be at relatively low risk for COVID‐19 complications.
Lung ultrasound for early surfactant treatment: Development and validation of a predictive model
Authors: Aldecoa‐Bilbao Victoria , Balcells‐Esponera Carla , Herranz Barbero Ana , Borràs‐Novell Cristina , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Iriondo Sanz Martín , Salvia Roigés MªDolors
Published: December 2020

Aim

To develop and validate a feasible predictive model for early surfactant treatment in very preterm infants (VPI) admitted with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Methods

Preterm infants less than 32 weeks of gestation with RDS and stabilized with noninvasive ventilation in delivery room were recruited (January 2018–April 2020). Clinical data, chest X‐ray (CXR) score, respiratory support, oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SF ratio), lung ultrasound (LUS) score, and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) were recorded at 60–120 min of life. Oxygen threshold for surfactant administration was fraction of inspired oxygen more than 30%; ultrasound findings were blinded. Logistic regression models using a stepwise selection of variables were developed in the derivation cohort. Coefficients from these models were applied to the validation cohort and a diagnostic performance was calculated.

Results

A total of 144 VPI with a mean gestational age of 28.7 ± 2.2 weeks were included (94 into the derivation cohort, 50 into the validation cohort); 37 required surfactant treatment (25.7%). Gestational age, SF ratio, LUS score, CXR score, and Silverman score were related to surfactant administration (R2 = .823). Predictors included in the final model for surfactant administration were SF ratio and LUS score (R2 = .783) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–1.00) in the derivation cohort and an AUC = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99) in the validation cohort. By applying our predictive model, 26 patients (70.2%) would have been treated with surfactant earlier than 2 h of life.

Conclusion

The predictive model showed a high diagnostic performance and could be of value to optimize early respiratory management in VPI with RDS.
A mixed cumulative sum homogeneously weighted moving average control chart for monitoring process mean
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Mei Sun , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Riaz Muhammad , Hussain Shahid , Abbas Zameer
Published: December 2020

The homogeneously weighted moving average (HWMA) control chart is famous to identify small deviations in the process mean. The plotting statistic of the HWMA chart assigns equal weight among the previous samples as compared to the plotting statistic of the exponentially weighted moving average chart. We propose a new HWMA chart that uses the plotting statistic of the cumulative sum chart. The run length performance of the proposed chart is measured in terms of the average, the standard deviation, some percentile points, and compared with some existing counterparts' charts. The comparison shows that the proposed chart performs superior to their existing counterparts. An application based on a real‐life dataset is also presented.
Epistemic Cognition: Why It Matters for an Educated Citizenry and What Instructors Can Do
Authors: Hofer Barbara K.
Published: December 2020

In academic learning, searching for information, and encounters with competing truth claims, individuals engage their epistemic cognition. This chapter provides an introduction to this psychological construct and discusses research about how instructional practice can promote epistemological understanding for the development of an educated citizenry.
A Simple and Environmentally Friendly Field Method for Fecal Analysis of Herbivore Diet
Authors: Tuyisenge Marie Fidele , Eckardt Winnie , Nshutiyayesu Samuel , Devore Melanie
Published: December 2020

We developed a simple and environmentally‐friendly protocol for identifying herbivore diets by isolating and identifying microscopic vegetation fragments from fecal materials that can be easily applied in remote areas where laboratories are absent. We used feces from human‐habituated Virunga mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), whose diet is well‐known, to develop and validate the protocol. First, fresh materials from parts of the 5 most frequently consumed plants by the Virunga gorillas were collected from June to July, 2016, processed, and their distinctive features photographed using a digital microscope to establish a plant reference collection. Second, we collected fresh fecal samples from 16 known gorillas and successfully identified distinctive vegetation fragments of the 5 key food plants. The method is inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not require sophisticated laboratory equipment. It has the potential to be applied to species that cannot be easily studied by direct observation and those ranging in remote regions. The method can also be used in other studies involving plant‐animal interactions, the ontogeny of feeding behavior, and animal ecology. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Studien(fach)wahlen im Kontext von Klasse und Geschlecht: eine Verknüpfung
Authors: Loge Lena
Published: December 2020

Studien(fach)wahlen auf der Grundlage des Habituskonzepts zu analysieren, bedeutet – wie gezeigt wurde –, sie im Rahmen einer beidseitigen Passungskonstellation von Individuum und Hochschule bzw. Fachkultur zu betrachten. Damit geht insbesondere auch die Antizipation eines entsprechendes Berufsfeldes und der damit verbundenen sozialen Positionierung einher. Um diese das Geschlecht einschließende Perspektive theoretisch wie empirisch nutzbar zu machen, soll im Folgenden das Bourdieusche Verständnis von Geschlecht erarbeitet und kritisch reflektiert werden.
Prävention zeitlicher Überforderung bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit
Authors: Pietrzyk Ulrike , Gühne Michael , Hacker Winfried
Published: December 2020

Die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt erhöht die Gefahr zeitlicher Überforderung von Beschäftigten bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit infolge inadäquater Zeitvorgaben, was gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen nach sich ziehen kann. Adäquate Zeitvorgaben setzen das Wissen um nachhaltige Zeitbedarfe voraus. Für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit existiert jedoch kein Verfahren zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe. Daran anschließend wird im Beitrag die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit vorgestellt. In einem ersten Schritt werden Schwierigkeiten der Zeitbedarfsermittlung für komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit herausgearbeitet und ein Zeitermittlungsverfahren für algorithmische geistige Arbeit vorgestellt, welches einen möglichen Ansatz bietet, diesen Schwierigkeiten zu begegnen. Daran anschließend wird das zweischrittige Fallstudiendesign erläutert, mit welchem untersucht wurde, wie das Verfahren für die Anwendbarkeit auf komplexe Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit weiterentwickelt werden kann. Die Fallstudienergebnisse werden im vierten Abschnitt vorgestellt. Den Abschluss des Beitrags bildet die Darstellung des entwickelten Verfahrens zur Ermittlung nachhaltiger Zeitbedarfe bei komplexer Wissens- und Innovationsarbeit.
Fermions and baryons as open-string states from brane junctions
Authors: Nakas Theodoros , Rigatos Konstantinos S.
Published: December 2020

Abstract

There has been recent progress towards understanding the dynamics of world-volume fermions that arise as open-string modes from brane intersections in the probe limit (Nf/Nc → 0). In this work we consider all possible BPS brane junctions in Type IIA/B supergravity theories. We study in detail the dynamics of these states by deriving their equations of motion. We show the expected degeneracy of the bosonic and fermionic fluctuations as is expected due to the preserved supersymmetry. We also give some supporting evidence and refine the notion that these states can effectively describe baryon operators in a certain regime of the field theory’s parameter space. Our piece of evidence is the demonstration of the expected scaling of the mass in the large-Nc limit of the theory for these fermionic states; M2 ∼ $$ {N}_c^2 $$

N
c
2

. Finally, we explain analytically the avoided level crossing that was observed in a previous work after the inclusion of higher dimension operators in the field theory.
Neighbourhood-Scale Flow Regimes and Pollution Transport in Cities
Authors: Bannister Edward J. , Cai Xiaoming , Zhong Jian , MacKenzie A. Rob
Published: December 2020

Cities intimately intermingle people and air pollution. It is very difficult to monitor or model neighbourhood-scale pollutant transport explicitly. One computationally efficient way is to treat neighbourhoods as patches of porous media to which the flow adjusts. Here we use conceptual arguments and large-eddy simulation to formulate two flow regimes based on the size of patches of different frontal-area density within neighbourhoods. One of these flow regimes distributes pollutants in counter-intuitive ways, such as producing pollution ‘hot spots’ in patches of lower frontal-area density. The regimes provide the first quantitative definition of the ‘urban background’, which can be used for more precisely targeted pollution monitoring. They also provide a conceptual basis for further research into neighbourhood-scale air-pollution problems, such as parametrizations in mesoscale models, and the transport of fluid constituents in other porous media.
A review of the state-of-the-art in automatic post-editing
Authors: do Carmo Félix , Shterionov Dimitar , Moorkens Joss , Wagner Joachim , Hossari Murhaf , Paquin Eric , Schmidtke Dag , Groves Declan , Way Andy
Published: December 2020

This article presents a review of the evolution of automatic post-editing, a term that describes methods to improve the output of machine translation systems, based on knowledge extracted from datasets that include post-edited content. The article describes the specificity of automatic post-editing in comparison with other tasks in machine translation, and it discusses how it may function as a complement to them. Particular detail is given in the article to the five-year period that covers the shared tasks presented in WMT conferences (2015–2019). In this period, discussion of automatic post-editing evolved from the definition of its main parameters to an announced demise, associated with the difficulties in improving output obtained by neural methods, which was then followed by renewed interest. The article debates the role and relevance of automatic post-editing, both as an academic endeavour and as a useful application in commercial workflows.
The hidden effect of inadvertent social information use on fluctuating predator–prey dynamics
Authors: Tóth Zoltán
Published: December 2020

Understanding biotic interactions and abiotic forces that govern population regulation is crucial for predicting stability from both theoretical and applied perspectives. In recent years, social information has been proposed to profoundly affect the dynamics of populations and facilitate the coexistence of interacting species. However, we have limited knowledge about how social information use influences cyclic and non-cyclic fluctuations of populations and if any population-level effects can be expected in species where individuals do not form social groups. In this study, I built individual-based models in a factorial design to investigate how predator avoidance behaviour and associated inadvertent social information (ISI) use alters the predictions of classical predator–prey population models in non-grouping (e.g., randomly moving) animals. Simulation results showed that ISI use in prey stabilized population dynamics by disrupting high-amplitude cyclic fluctuations in both predator and prey populations. Moreover, it also decreased the strength of the negative feedback of second-order dependence between predator and prey. I propose that if social cues are commonly used sources of information in animals regardless of the level of social organization, then similar social information-mediated effects on trophic interactions and population dynamics may be prevalent in natural communities.
Meaning of Music
Authors: Samama Leo
Published: December 2020

For virtually all of our lives, we are surrounded by music. From lullabies to radio to the praises sung in houses of worship, we encounter music at home and in the street, during work and in our leisure time, and not infrequently at birth and death. But what is music, and what does it mean to humans? How do we process it, and how do we create it? Musician Leo Samama discusses these and many other questions while shaping a vibrant picture of music's importance in human lives both past and present. What is remarkable is that music is recognised almost universally as a type of language that we can use to wordlessly communicate. We can hardly shut ourselves off from music, and considering its primal role in our lives, it comes as no surprise that few would ever want to. Able to transverse borders and appeal to the most disparate of individuals, music is both a tool and a gift, and as Samama shows, a unifying thread running throughout the cultural history of mankind.
On Rules
Authors: Colombo Gherardo
Published: December 2020

Justice is simultaneously a practical and an ideal concept: when we think of justice, we refer to its day-to-day administration, involving police, lawyers, judges, and politicians-but we also refer to a larger ideal, a set of basic values that guide our attempts to live together and balance competing interests, obligations, and freedoms. If we lose sight of the practical, the ideal will fail-but if we forget the ideal, the practical becomes pointless. On Rules is the culmination of decades of thinking about and working within the law as both ideal and realm of practical action. Gherardo Colombo brings to his rich philosophical analysis of the culture of justice thirty years of experience in the Italian judiciary, which saw him head up numerous important and sensitive commissions and inquiries. His exploration of the concept and application of rules of justice is powerful and clear: if we don't root our experience in a fundamental respect for rules, we cannot have a functioning, just society.
Unveiling the Secrets of the Midinfrared (3–5 μm) Moon
Authors: Wu Yunzhao , Jin Qi , Li Cui , Xu Tianyi , Qi Wenwen , Tan Wei , Li Xiaoman , Shi Zhicheng , He Hongyan , Dai Shuwu , Li Guo , Liu Fengjing , Wang Jingqiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Lu Yu , Cai Wei , Wang Qi , Meng Lingjie , Guo Ding
Published: December 2020

We know very well the Moon’s appearance in the visible wavelengths. What the Moon in the midinfrared (MIR) looks like is still a mystery. We present detailed appearance of the MIR Moon observed by a high‐resolution geostationary satellite and reveal the essence behind its appearance. The appearance of the MIR Moon is opposite to its normal visible appearance and shows limb darkening. Both the absolute and the relative brightness distribution of the MIR lunar disk changes with the solar incidence angle i. The signatures of the MIR Moon are controlled by both the reflection and the emission of the lunar surface. The center‐to‐limb temperature variation across the lunar disk is clearly shown. The slower decrease of the brightness temperature when moving away from the subsolar point than the Lambertian model represents topographic effects.
A Simple Method for Predicting Intensity Change Using the Peak Time Lag Between Lightning and Wind in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Kong Xiangzhen , Zhao Yang , Qiu Zhenfeng , Tao Xinyi , Zhang Wenjuan
Published: December 2020

Using lightning data from the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and tracking data for Tropical Cyclones (TCs) from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the relationship between the peak time lag (Tlag) and the wind intensity change in severe and super typhoons was investigated. The Tlag between the maximum peaks of the inner‐core lightning and the TC intensity ranged from −132 to 198 h, while that of the entire TC lightning ranged from −174 to 198 h. The median Tlag values for strengthening and weakening storms were 54 and −21 h, respectively, while those for the entire TCs were 59 and −64 h, respectively. Lightning Frequency Peaks (LFPs) occurred more often with Average Intensity Changes (AICs) than intense intensity changes. Boundary equations were established based on the previous wind intensity change versus Tlag, and Tlag was simplified as a potential forecasting parameter of TC intensity change.
Influence of Intraseasonal Variability on the Development of Monsoon Depressions
Authors: Karmakar Nirupam , Boos William R. , Misra Vasubandhu
Published: December 2020

Previous studies showed that the activity of monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPS), which produce a large fraction of the South Asian monsoon's total rainfall, is modulated by intraseasonal variability. Using satellite‐derived products and atmospheric reanalyzes, this study examines how the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) separately modulates the occurrence of weaker LPS (lows) and stronger LPS (depressions). It is found that the genesis of lows is insensitive to ISO phase, while depressions exhibit a strong preference for genesis during the phase that is convectively active over the northern Indian Ocean. Essentially, development of LPS into depressions depends upon the timing of genesis of the initial disturbance. Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that the development of lows into depressions is fostered by large‐scale atmospheric conditions governed by the ISO. Results also suggest that while lows have no preference for forming over ocean compared to land, depressions mostly form over ocean.
The Rate of Coastal Temperature Rise Adjacent to a Warming Western Boundary Current is Nonuniform with Latitude
Authors: Malan Neil , Roughan Moninya , Kerry Colette
Published: December 2020

Western boundary currents (WBCs) have intensified and become more eddying in recent decades due to the spin‐up of the ocean gyres, resulting in warmer open ocean temperatures. However, relatively little is known of how WBC intensification will affect temperatures in adjacent continental shelf waters where societal impact is greatest. We use the well‐observed East Australian Current (EAC) to investigate WBC warming impacts on shelf waters and show that temperature increases are nonuniform in shelf waters along the latitudinal extent of the EAC. Shelf waters poleward of 32°S are warming more than twice as fast as those equatorward of 32°S. We show that nonuniform shelf temperature trends are driven by an increase in lateral heat advection poleward of the WBC separation, along Australia's most populous coastline. The large‐scale nature of the process indicates that this is applicable to WBCs broadly, with far‐reaching biological implications.
Asymmetric Structure of Uranus' Magnetopause Controlled by IMF and Planetary Rotation
Authors: Cao Xin , Paty Carol
Published: December 2020

To investigate the diurnal variations of the magnetopause boundary under different Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) orientations during the solstice season, we implemented a multifluid magnetohydrodynamic model of Uranus' magnetosphere in combination with Voyager 2 observations, which provided a good ability to simulate and predict the variability of the magnetospheric boundaries. In this study, we quantitatively studied Uranus' magnetopause in terms of the subsolar stand‐off distance and the flaring parameter and tracked the variation in cusp indentation, which are good indicators to describe the general topology of the boundary. During this season, the stand‐off distance fluctuated within a small range. In contrast, the flaring parameter and cusp indentation were strongly impacted by Uranus' rotation. Meanwhile, the IMF orientation also modulated the variation of the flaring parameter and cusp indentation. These results show that the asymmetry of the magnetopause is highly dependent on the rotation of Uranus and its IMF orientations.
Ionospheric Response Over Brazil to the August 2018 Geomagnetic Storm as Probed by CSES‐01 and Swarm Satellites and by Local Ground‐Based Observations
Authors: Spogli L. , Sabbagh D. , Regi M. , Cesaroni C. , Perrone L. , Alfonsi L. , Di Mauro D. , Lepidi S. , Campuzano S. A. , Marchetti D. , De Santis A. , Malagnini A. , Scotto C. , Cianchini G. , Shen Xu Hui , Piscini A. , Ippolito A.
Published: December 2020

The geomagnetic storm that occurred on 25 August 25 2018, that is, during the minimum of solar cycle 24, is currently the strongest ever probed by the first China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES‐01). By integrating the in situ measurements provided by CSES‐01 (orbiting at altitude of 507 km) and by Swarm A satellite (orbiting at ca., 460 km) with ground‐based observations (ionosondes, magnetometers, and Global Navigation Satellite System receivers), we investigate the ionospheric response at lower‐ and mid‐latitudes over Brazil. Specifically, we investigate the electrodynamic disturbances driven by solar wind changes, by focusing on the disturbances driving modifications of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ). Our proposed multisensor technique analysis mainly highlights the variations in the topside and bottomside ionosphere, and the interplay between prompt penetrating electric fields and disturbance dynamo electric fields resulting in EEJ variations. Thanks to this approach and leveraging on the newly available CSES‐01 data, we complement and extend what recently investigated in the Western South American sector, by highlighting the significant longitudinal differences, which mainly come from the occurrence of a daytime counter‐EEJ during both 25 and 26 August at Braziliian longitudes and during part of 26 August only in the Peruvian sector. In addition, the increased thermospheric circulation driven by the storm has an impact on the EEJ during the recovery phase of the storm. The observations at the CSES‐01/Swarm altitudes integrated with the ground‐based observation recorded signatures of equatorial ionospheric anomaly crests formation and modification during daytime coupled with the positive ionospheric storm effects at midlatitude.
Nonlinear Least Squares Fitting Technique for the Determination of Field Line Resonance Frequency in Ground Magnetometer Data: Application to Remote Sensing of Plasmaspheric Mass Density
Authors: Boudouridis A. , Yizengaw E. , Moldwin M. B. , Zesta E.
Published: December 2020

The accurate determination of the field line resonance (FLR) frequency of a resonating geomagnetic field line is necessary to remotely monitor the plasmaspheric mass density during geomagnetic storms and quiet times alike. Under certain assumptions the plasmaspheric mass density at the equator is inversely proportional to the square of the FLR frequency. The most common techniques to determine the FLR frequency from ground magnetometer measurements are the amplitude ratio (AR) and phase difference (PD) techniques, both based on geomagnetic field observations at two latitudinally separated ground stations along the same magnetic meridian. Previously developed automated techniques have used statistical methods to pinpoint the FLR frequency using the AR and PD calculations. We now introduce a physics‐based automated technique, using nonlinear least squares fitting of the ground magnetometer data to the analytical resonant wave equations, that reproduces the wave characteristics on the ground, and from those determine the FLR frequency. One of the advantages of the new technique is the estimation of physics‐based errors of the FLR frequency, and as a result of the equatorial plasmaspheric mass density. We present analytical results of the new technique, and test it using data from the Inner‐Magnetospheric Array for Geospace Science ground magnetometer chain along the coast of Chile and the east coast of the United States. We compare the results with the results of previously published statistical automated techniques.
On the Problem of Modeling the Boat Wake Climate: The Florida Intracoastal Waterway
Authors: Forlini Carola , Qayyum Rizwan , Malej Matt , Lam Michael‐Angelo Y.‐H. , Shi Fengyan , Angelini Christine , Sheremet Alex
Published: December 2020

Quantifying and forecasting the impact of boat traffic on the health of coastal ecosystems must account for the multiscale nature of the process: from minutes (individual wakes), to days (tidal phase), weeks, and longer (tide modulation, seasonal traffic). Direct numerical simulations covering all these scales are difficult, not in the least because specifying the vessel type and navigation characteristics for every wake is practically impossible. To overcome this problem, we propose a statistical‐mechanics description of the wake field that focuses on classes of wakes, defined by a set of characteristic parameters, and their joint probability density in the characteristic‐parameter space. Here, we demonstrate the first steps of the approach using existing numerical tools and parametrizations. Because vessel type and navigation characteristics are not available, an investigation of wake parameter space is not possible at this time. Instead, we use the leading‐order Froude‐number parametrization defined by a linear model to classify the wake population observed during the field experiment. Numerical tests applying the FUNWAVE‐TVD model across all wake‐classes identified show excellent skills for weakly dispersive wakes. The model is challenged by the short waves generated by small, slow boats. However, simulations suggest that the problem is confined to the deeper water domain and linear evolution. Nonlinear wake shoaling, essential for modeling wake‐induced sediment transport and wake impact on the environment, is described well.
Cenozoic Evolution of the Sulu Sea Arc‐Basin System: An Overview
Authors: Lai Chun‐Kit , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Hall Robert , Meffre Sebastien , Tsikouras Basilios , Rosana Balangue‐Tarriela Maria Ines , Idrus Arifudin , Ifandi Elena , Norazme Nur 'aqidah
Published: December 2020

The Cenozoic Sulu Sea arc‐basin system is situated in the tectonic junction between the South China Sea (SCS), northern Borneo, Palawan Continental Terrane, Philippine Mobile Belt, and Celebes Sea. We compare new/published geochronological and geochemical data from across the circum‐Sulu Sea region, and summarize seven major magmatic phases from the Middle Eocene to Pleistocene. The Middle Eocene (42.65 Ma) Sabah ophiolite and Eocene‐Oligocene (34‐33 Ma) Central Palawan ophiolite have MORB‐IAT‐transitional features, representing an intraoceanic subduction setting in the Paleogene northern Borneo and central‐southern Palawan. After the SCS opening (∼32 Ma) and ridge jump (∼25 Ma), late‐stage Proto‐SCS subduction (24‐21 Ma) may have formed the Panay arc andesite and the BABB magmatism in SW Zamboanga peninsula. Starting of final convergence between the Palawan Continental Terrane and northern Borneo‐SW Philippines (∼21 Ma) likely caused regional uplift/thrusting, forming the Top Crocker Unconformity and triggering the NW‐dipping Celebes Sea subduction. The subduction may have formed arc magmatism (21‐18 Ma) in the Cagayan ridge and its continuation in Panay and NE Sabah, and opened the NW Sulu Sea back‐arc basin through continental crust attenuation. Subduction rollback likely occurred in 17‐14 Ma and 13‐9 Ma, shifting arc magmatism southeast to the Sulu ridge and opening the SE Sulu Sea back‐arc basin. NW‐dipping Celebes Sea subduction largely ceased after ∼9 Ma, followed by extension‐related uplift/exhumation and 4‐0.2 Ma intraplate volcanism in northern Borneo. SE‐dipping Sulu Sea subduction likely occurred along the Negros‐Sulu trenches, and produced arc volcanism from ∼4 Ma.
In situ detection of plasma exosomal microRNA for lung cancer diagnosis using duplex-specific nuclease and MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Gao Zibo , Yuan Huijie , Mao Yanhua , Ding Lihua , Effah Clement Yaw , He Sitian , He Leiliang , Liu Li-e , Yu Songcheng , Wang Yilin , Wang Jia , Tian Yongmei , Yu Fei , Guo Hongchao , Miao Lijun , Qu Lingbo , Wu Yongjun
Published: December 2020

An in situ detection of plasma exosomal microRNA for lung cancer diagnosis using duplex-specific nuclease and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets.
The in situ derivation of a NiFe-LDH ultra-thin layer on Ni-BDC nanosheets as a boosted electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Dong Qibing , Shuai Chao , Mo Zunli , Guo Ruibin , Liu Nijuan , Liu Guigui , Wang Jia , Liu Wentong , Chen Ying , Liu Jingjing , Jiang Yangyang , Gao Qinqin
Published: December 2020

A Ni-based metal organic framework (Ni-BDC) and subsequently derived NiFe-LDH were studied to overcome the defect of the low availability of active sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during the water splitting process.
Reactivity of ynamides in catalytic intermolecular annulations
Authors: Hu Yan-Cheng , Zhao Yingying , Wan Boshun , Chen Qing-An
Published: December 2020

This review comprehensively summarizes the advances achieved in catalytic intermolecular annulations of ynamides from 2010 to 2020.
The role of small molecules in cell and gene therapy
Authors: Brayshaw Lewis L. , Martinez-Fleites Carlos , Athanasopoulos Takis , Southgate Thomas , Jespers Laurent , Herring Christopher
Published: December 2020

Current and future uses of small molecules to improve the safety, efficacy and manufacturing of cell and gene therapies.
Controllable preparation of magnetic carbon nanocomposites by pyrolysis of organometallic precursors, similar molecular structure but very different morphology, composition and properties
Authors: Ruan Zhijun , Ran Jingwen , Liu Shanshan , Chen Yanmei , Wang Xichao , Shi Jie , Zhu Lihong , Zhao Shengfang , Lin Junqi
Published: December 2020

Organometallic compounds were synthesized for solid-state pyrolysis to research the structure–property relationship between the precursors and the as-generated magnetic carbon nanocomposites.
Facile fabrication and characterization of aliphatic polyketone (PK) micro/nano fiber membranes via electrospinning and a post treatment process
Authors: Hou Jian , Park Chanju , Jang Wongi , Byun Hongsik
Published: December 2020

In this article, polyketone (PK) micro/nano fiber membranes were successfully fabricated by electrospinning and a post treatment process and the membrane characteristics were investigated.
The thermodynamic evaluation and process simulation of the chemical looping steam methane reforming of mixed iron oxides
Authors: Collins-Martinez Virginia H. , Cazares-Marroquin José F. , Salinas-Gutierrez Jesús M. , Pantoja-Espinoza Juan C. , Lopez-Ortiz Alejandro , Melendez-Zaragoza Miguel J.
Published: December 2020

Chemical looping steam reforming (CL-SMR) thermodynamic analysis and process simulation using Fe2MnO4 as an oxygen carrier.
Efficient surface passivation of perovskite films by a post-treatment method with a minimal dose
Authors: Kang Dong-Ho , Kim So-Yeon , Lee Jin-Wook , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: December 2020

Post-treatement of an unannealed perovskite film is found to be more efficienct way to passivate defects of perovskite solar cells.
Combination of mitochondria targeting doxorubicin with Bcl-2 function-converting peptide NuBCP-9 for synergistic breast cancer metastasis inhibition
Authors: Yang Jiatao , Li Qiuyi , Zhou Rui , Zhou Minglu , Lin Xi , Xiang Yucheng , Xie Dandan , Huang Yuan , Zhou Zhou
Published: December 2020

Distant organ metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients.
Oxygen functionalization-induced crossover in the tensile properties of the thinnest 2D Ti2C MXene
Authors: Yu Hongzhi , Xu Ke , Zhang Zhisen , Cao Xuezheng , Weng Jian , Wu Jianyang
Published: December 2020

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) are a newly emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials with technically robust properties, which can be finely tuned via planar surface functionalization.
Organic–inorganic hybrid thin film light-emitting devices: interfacial engineering and device physics
Authors: Zang Chunxiu , Xu Mengxin , Zhang Letian , Liu Shihao , Xie Wenfa
Published: December 2020

Organic–inorganic hybrid LEDs are reviewed from the perspectives of organic and inorganic functional materials, interfacial engineering, device structures and device physics.
Ba3[Al(PO4)3]: rational design of a promising deep-UV transparent SHG crystal with balanced overall performance originating from the condensation of quartz-type [Al(PO4)4]9− units
Authors: Fang Zhi , Hu Chun-Li , Yang Bing-Ping , Mao Jiang-Gao
Published: December 2020

A DUV-transparent SHG crystal, Ba3[Al(PO4)3], was designed using a modified anionic condensation strategy. Ba3[Al(PO4)3] exhibited a balanced overall performance due to its condensed quartz-type ∞[Al(PO4)3]6− chains.
Development of a multiplexed targeted mass spectrometry assay for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rabs and Ser910/Ser935 biomarker sites
Authors: Nirujogi Raja S. , Tonelli Francesca , Taylor Matthew , Lis Pawel , Zimprich Alexander , Sammler Esther , Alessi Dario R.
Published: December 2020

Mutations that increase the protein kinase activity of LRRK2 are one of the most common causes of familial Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases within their Switch-II motif, impacting interaction with effectors. We describe and validate a new, multiplexed targeted mass spectrometry assay to quantify endogenous levels of LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab substrates (Rab1, Rab3, Rab8, Rab10, Rab35 and Rab43) as well as total levels of Rabs, LRRK2 and LRRK2-phosphorylated at the Ser910 and Ser935 biomarker sites. Exploiting this assay, we quantify for the first time the relative levels of each of the pRab proteins in different cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human neutrophils) and mouse tissues (brain, kidney, lung and spleen). We define how these components are impacted by Parkinson's pathogenic mutations (LRRK2[R1441C] and VPS35[D620N]) and LRRK2 inhibitors. We find that the VPS35[D620N], but not LRRK2[R1441C] mutation, enhances Rab1 phosphorylation in a manner blocked by administration of an LRRK2 inhibitor, providing the first evidence that endogenous Rab1 is a physiological substrate for LRRK2. We exploit this assay to demonstrate that in Parkinson's patients with VPS35[D620N] mutations, phosphorylation of multiple Rab proteins (Rab1, Rab3, Rab8, Rab10 and Rab43) is elevated. We highlight the benefits of this assay over immunoblotting approaches currently deployed to assess LRRK2 Rab signalling pathway.
Structure and regulation of coronavirus genomes: state-of-the-art and novel insights from SARS-CoV-2 studies
Authors: Manfredonia Ilaria , Incarnato Danny
Published: December 2020

Coronaviruses (CoV) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, harboring the largest viral RNA genomes known to date. Apart from the primary sequence encoding for all the viral proteins needed for the generation of new viral particles, certain regions of CoV genomes are known to fold into stable structures, controlling several aspects of CoV life cycle, from the regulation of the discontinuous transcription of subgenomic mRNAs, to the packaging of the genome into new virions. Here we review the current knowledge on CoV RNA structures, discussing it in light of the most recent discoveries made possible by analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 genome.
Optimised Levenshtein centroid cross‐layer defence for multi‐hop cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ganesh Davanam , Kumar Thummala Pavan , Kumar Malchi Sunil
Published: December 2020

Cognitive radio networks (CRN) make use of dynamic spectrum access to communicate opportunistically. Unlicensed users severely affect the spectrum sensing outcomes in CRN. Primary user emulation attack (PUEA) and spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) have become a paramount concern in CRNs. It is especially challenging when both masquerading (in the physical layer) and falsification (in the data link layer) occur by providing false spectrum reports. Existing methods to detect such attacks cannot be utilised in scenarios with multi‐hop CRN. In this study, to mitigate attack against PUEA and SSDF, a method called optimised sensing and Levenshtein nearest centroid classification (OS‐LNCC) for multi‐hop CRN is presented. First, a network model for multi‐hop CRN is designed. Next, a probable density optimal logical sensing model is designed to alleviate the problems related to falsification of spectrum reports. Here, the falsification of spectrum reports is overcome by exploiting dual factors, that is, probability for false alarm and probability for detection according to the departure rate of primary user (PU). With these dual factors, optimal logical sensing is made, therefore improving the throughput with minimum delay. Finally, each cognitive radio (CR) user evaluates its current sensing information to existing sensing classes through the Levenshtein distance function. Based on quantitative variables, the prediction function of each sensing class is measured using nearest centroid (NC) classifier and the sensing report is classified into either presence or absence of PU. These predictive classes are then integrated at the fusion centre so that robust mitigation against PUEA and SSDF is made. Computer simulation outputs show that OS‐LNCC method performs better than the conventional methods using metrics such as sensing delay by 47%, percentage of error in prediction by 46% and throughput by 45%.
Robust fault tolerant control allocation for a modern over‐actuated commercial aircraft
Authors: Vile Liam , Alwi Halim , Edwards Christopher
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a novel form of control allocation, designed within a sliding mode framework, for the fault tolerant control of over‐actuated systems. The control allocation is designed in such a way as to allow a subset of the actuators to remain inactive under nominal fault‐free conditions. In the event that the active set of actuators becomes unable to provide the desired performance, an adaption process takes place which allows the inactive actuators to compensate. A computationally light gradient descent algorithm is proposed to govern the adaption which guarantees that, if possible, actuator saturation is avoided and system performance is maintained, even in the event of severe actuator faults/failures. Rigorous conditions are derived, in terms of the faults/failures, uncertainties in fault reconstruction information and the adaptive process, which ensure sliding occurs in a finite time and that the resulting motion is stable. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme, a high‐fidelity blended wing body aircraft model is also proposed in this paper; this particular configuration of aircraft is nominally unstable, with poor control authority and a large amount of redundancy, making it a suitable candidate for testing reconfigurable fault tolerant control laws in the presence of input constraints.
Interconnection structure preservation design for a type of port‐controlled hamiltonian systems—A parametric approach
Authors: Zhao Tianyi , Duan Guangren
Published: December 2020

It is a very important issue to minimise the change of the interconnect structure matrix when stabilising a port‐controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) system. Toward this problem, a parametric design method is proposed in this paper for a type of PCH systems. First, concepts of H‐damping‐assignable and H‐damping‐assigning controller are introduced, and the stability of the closed‐loop system resulting from this type of controller is discussed. Secondly, a necessary and sufficient condition for the system to be H‐damping‐assignable is given, and, when this condition is met, a parametric general expression of all the H‐damping‐assigning controllers is obtained. Thirdly, the free parameters are optimised to minimize the change of the interconnect structure matrix and also the norm of the control gain matrix. The parameter optimisation is formulated as a standard quadratic programming problem, to which analytical solutions are obtained. Finally, comparative simulations are carried out for a numerical example to verify the effect and the superiority of the proposed method.
Observer for non‐linear systems with sampled measurements: Application to the friction factor estimation of a pipeline
Authors: Hernández‐González O. , Ramírez‐Rasgado F. , Astorga‐Zaragoza C. M. , Guerrero‐Sánchez M. E. , Valencia‐Palomo G. , Rodriguez‐Mata A. E.
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a new approach of the continuous‐discrete observer design for a class of uncertain state‐affine non‐linear systems. A high‐gain observer redesign is developed and analysed under insightful conditions. The proposed observer estimates the state vector by using system output measurements with long sampling times. This result is achieved by considering a persistent excitation condition that can be validated online. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated under time‐varying sampled measurements to estimate the friction factor of a pipeline where the case of noisy sampled output measurements is also considered.
Applicability study of single‐phase reclosing in tie line of photovoltaic power plant
Authors: Xu Kehan , Zhang Zhe , Lai Qinghua , Yin Xianggen , Wei Liu
Published: December 2020

Overhead transmission line faults are mostly single‐phase grounding faults, and to ensure the power supply reliability of photovoltaic power plants in the cases of tie line transient faults, a feasible solution is to employ the single‐phase reclosing. However, for the single‐phase reclosing of the tie line, photovoltaic power source may face the over‐voltage problem during the non‐full phase operation, which will seriously affect the success rate of the single‐phase reclosing. This paper, according to different non‐full phase operation control strategies of photovoltaic power source, establishes the corresponding sequence network analysis models, and proposes the theoretical calculation method of non‐full phase operation voltage, which takes account of different neutral point grounding modes of step‐up transformer and different load levels. Meanwhile, the closing impulse problem of the single‐phase reclosing is discussed. The correctness of the theoretical method is verified by digital simulation results. On this basis, the applicable scope and application suggestions of the single‐phase reclosing are given. The research conclusions can provide important guidance and reference for the application of single‐phase reclosing technology in tie line of renewable energy power plant.