bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possible mechanism of south-north reverse of early summer precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Yang , Yang Cheng , Zhou Shunwu , Deng Zhongren
Published: August 2023

Based on the monthly average precipitation data from meteorological stations on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), this study reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of the north-south reverse precipitation during early summer (May-June). Through analysis of the circulation patterns associated with early summer precipitation, a meridional wind index (ITPv) is defined to characterize the interannual variation of precipitation. The corresponding relationship between this index and the meridional wind in the upstream region of the TP is discussed. The results show that when the meridional wind index is anomalously strong, the central TP is dominated by southerly wind anomaly, leading to excessive precipitation in the north and deficient precipitation in the south through water vapor convergence and divergence in the northern and southern of the TP, respectively. This meridional wind anomaly is related to the anomalous strong (weak) southwesterly winds in the southern upstream region and the anomalous weak (strong) westerly winds in the northern upstream region of the TP.
Convection-permitting regional climate simulations over coastal regions in China
Authors: Jiang Zhiyu , Liu Dongqing , Dong Guangtao , Tang Jianping , Wang Shuguang , Xiong Yating
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the regional characteristics and land/sea differences in precipitation and wind along the coast of China, utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a continuous 10-year (2009-2018) simulation at 4km resolution. The results indicate that the WRF model, operating at convection-permitting resolution, can accurately simulate annual precipitation and the rainfall frequency, but it tends to underestimates precipitation over the ocean while overestimates frequency of drizzle rain. The study also reveals that, along the Chinese coastal region, the sub-daily scale precipitation events are most frequent in EC, and WRF tends to underestimate the frequency of events lasting longer than 3 hours. WRF simulates relatively consistent land-sea maximum precipitation between land and sea areas, with smallest deviation, below 20% observed in maximum hourly precipitation over the sea. Furthermore, observations show that the diurnal cycle of precipitation peaks at 16:00-17:00 local time over land, with most afternoon precipitation lasts approximately 1 to 6 hours. The WRF model successfully captures the observed diurnal variation of precipitation over land and sea in different regions. However, the WRF simulation indicates a shorter duration of afternoon precipitation, lasting less than 5 hours and an earlier peak. In addition, WRF adequately reproduces the annual and seasonal mean windspeeds for each region, with a slight overestimation during summer. WRF also reasonably captures the frequency distribution of windspeed and wind direction and can identify the occurrence frequency of land-sea breeze in each sub-region. Overall, the study offers valuable insights into the regional characteristics of precipitation and wind along the coast of China and highlights the WRF model’s effectiveness in accurately simulating these phenomena.
BMWP: The First Bengali Math Word Problems Dataset for Operation Prediction and Solving
Authors: Mondal Sanchita , Khatua Debnarayan , Mandal Sourav , Sekh Arif Ahmed
Published: August 2023

One of the most challenging and exciting research questions in the various branches of artificial intelligence (AI), such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), etc., today is how to solve math word problems of varying complexities Word problem-solving ties together the cognitive domains of language processing, language comprehension, and language transformation into the solution of real-world word issues. With the development of AI and ML in the last ten years, solving this complicated problem has advanced to a new level. Researchers from all around the world helped to solve math word problems using datasets mostly in the English language. A few datasets are also available in Chinese. Researchers have recently been attempting to create datasets in several different languages. No standard dataset of math word problems is available for languages with limited resources like Bengali. This study presents the benchmark Bengali Math Word Problem dataset (BMWP) with, 8653-word problems. We first talk about creating the dataset; then, we talk about benchmarking methods. As a continuation of this work, we also talk about the operation prediction from Bengali word problems towards solving utilizing cutting-edge deep learning (DL) techniques. We implemented and compared various standard DL-based neural network architectures for solving the Bengali word problems of BMWP dataset.
We achieved 92 ± 2% accuracy using different neural networks. The dataset and the code is available at ToBeAvailable
“Follow your heart”: Heart-to-Brain-driven interplay relates to self-congruency.
Authors: Rimorini Nina , Bourdillon Nicolas , Rey Alicia , Urben Sébastien , Besson Cyril , Ledoux Jean-Baptiste , Gomez Yasser Aleman , Fornari Eleonora , Denervaud Solange
Published: August 2023

When emotions, thoughts, and actions align, this is referred to as “self-congruency”. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how temporal covariance of the heart and brain signals were related to self-congruency. Thirty-eight healthy adults underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to obtain neural markers of variability, whereas heart rate variability (HRV) was measured using photoplethysmography. Participants were also asked to report their level of self-congruency with a graphic rating scale. A cross-covariance analysis (CCA) was performed to assess the temporal covariance of signals arising from both organs, which was then correlated with self-congruency scores. Overall, the CCA results revealed brain-to-heart-driven interplay in brain regions involved in the neurovisceral integration model (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and in emotion regulation (e.g., anterior cingulate). However, higher self-congruency scores were related to heart-to-brain-driven interplay in brain regions involved in emotion regulation and empathy. Together, the present findings suggest that, while global brain-to-heart-driven interplay occurs on average, it is heart-to-brain-driven interplay that reflects higher self-congruency. Given the impact of heart-brain interplay and self-congruency on mental health, further investigations on each concept could be interesting in developing tools for early intervention.
Unveiling Window Layer Significance in Perovskite Solar Cell Performance Optimization
Authors: Shabat Mohammed M. , Elblbeisi Mahassen H.
Published: August 2023

Perovskite solar cells, representing the fourth generation of solar cell technology, have emerged as a formidable contender, surpassing their predecessors in terms of performance metrics. Capitalizing on its abundant global availability, perovskite demonstrates exceptional potential as a barrier material within solar cells. This study delves into the influence of diverse window layers on the solar cell's electrical properties. The employed device structure encompassed ZnMgO, CdS/ZnO/CdS/perovskite/MoS2. An exhaustive analysis was conducted on parameters including absorber layer thickness, window layer properties, buffer layer characteristics, as well as doping concentrations within both absorber and buffer layers. Notably, the findings underscore ZnMgO's efficacy as an optimal choice for window layers in perovskite solar cells. The incorporation of ZnMgO yielded remarkable outcomes, with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22%, a fill factor (FF) of 75%, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 26 mA/cm², and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.162V. These results signify a significant advancement in enhancing perovskite solar cell performance.
The effectiveness of rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) and mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on psychological, physiological and executive functions as a proxy for sports performance
Authors: Tóth Renátó , Turner Martin James , Mannion Joe , Tóth László
Published: August 2023

Background In the present study, we compared group-based rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) and mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) with a control group. The aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of the two interventions on specific psychological (competitive anxiety, perfectionism, irrational beliefs), physiological (salivary cortisol levels), and neurocognitive (executive functions: working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) functions in Hungarian junior ice hockey players.
Methods We used questionnaires to assess competitive anxiety, perfectionism, and irrational beliefs. The components of executive functions were measured using a computerized testing system, while cortisol levels were examined through salivary samples. Prior to and after the interventions, each participant underwent all measurements, after which we conducted repeated measures ANOVA on our data.
Results We found REBT to be an effective intervention for the regulation of competitive anxiety, perfectionism, and irrational beliefs as well as for improving some components of executive functions (inhibition and cognitive flexibility). Mindfulness was found to improve athletes' processing speed and set-shifting abilities, which are related to cognitive flexibility and metacognitive processes.
Conclusion In conclusion, we explore implications of these findings regarding how each approach is posited to enhance sports performance, using neurocognitive functions as a proxy. These findings are useful for the further research and practical implication as well.
Lactic Acid Enhances Vaginal Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Ameliorates Inflammatory Effects of Dysbiotic Short Chain Fatty Acids and HIV-1
Authors: Schwecht Ingrid , Nazli Aisha , Gill Bibanjeet , Kaushic Charu
Published: August 2023

The vaginal microenvironment is key in mediating susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. A polymicrobial environment with reduced Lactobacilllus spp. is characteristic of vaginal dysbiosis, associated with increased production of several short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), vaginal inflammation and an increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition. In contrast, a eubiotic vaginal microbiome (VMB), dominated by Lactobacillus spp. correlates with increased production of lactic acid (LA), an acidic milieu and protection against HIV-1. Vaginal metabolites, specifically LA and SCFAs including butyric, succinic and acetic acids are associated with modulation of HIV-1 risk. We assessed the impact of combined and individual SCFAs and LA on vaginal epithelial cells (VK2) grown in air-liquid interface cultures. Treatment of VK2 cells with eubiotic SCFA + LA mixture showed increased epithelial barrier integrity, reduced FITC dextran leakage and enhanced expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins. Treatment with dysbiotic SCFA + LA mixture diminished epithelial barrier integrity, increased NFκB activation and inflammatory mediators: TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES. LA was found to be the primary contributor of the beneficial effects. Eubiotic SCFA + LA mixture ameliorated HIV-1 mediated barrier disruption and HIV-1 leakage, whereas dysbiotic SCFA + LA treatment exacerbated HIV-1 effects. These findings indicate a key role for LA in future prophylactic strategies.
Machado-Joseph disease in a Sudanese family links East Africa to Portuguese families and allows reestimation of ancestral age of the Machado lineage
Authors: Martins Sandra , Yahia Ashraf , Costa Inês P. D. , Siddig Hassab E. , Abubaker Rayan , Koko Mahmoud , Corral-Juan Marc , Matilla-Dueñas Antoni , Brice Alexis , Durr Alexandra , Leguern Eric , Ranum Laura P. W. , Amorim António , Elsayed Liena E. O. , Stevanin Giovanni , Sequeiros Jorge
Published: August 2023

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3) is the most frequent dominant ataxia worldwide. It is caused by a (CAG)n expansion. MJD has two major ancestral backgrounds: the Machado lineage, found mainly in Portuguese families; and the Joseph lineage, present in all five continents, probably originating in Asia. MJD has been described in a few African and African-American families, but here we report the first diagnosed in Sudan to our knowledge. The proband presented with gait ataxia at age 24; followed by muscle cramps and spasticity, and dysarthria, by age 26; he was wheel-chair bound at 29 years of age. His brother had gait problems from age 20 years and, by age 21, lost the ability to run, showed dysarthria and muscle cramps. To assess the mutational origin of this family, we genotyped 30 SNPs and 7 STRs flanking the ATXN3_CAG repeat in three siblings and the non-transmitting father. We compared the MJD haplotype segregating in the family with our cohort of MJD families from diverse populations. Unlike all other known families of African origin, the Machado lineage was observed in Sudan, being shared with 86 Portuguese, 2 Spanish and 2 North-American families. The STR-based haplotype of Sudanese patients, however, was distinct, being four steps (2 STR mutations and 2 recombinations) away from the founder haplotype shared by 47 families, all of Portuguese extraction. Based on the phylogenetic network constructed with all MJD families of the Machado lineage, we estimated a common ancestry at 3,211 ± 693 years ago.
RETRACTED: A Heuristic With Multiple Search Strategies for the Gtsps in Different Environments
Authors: DUTTA PRASANTA , KHAN INDADUL , BASULI KRISHNENDU , MAITI MANAS KUMAR
Published: August 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Potentiality of bioactive compounds as inhibitor of M protein and F protein function of human respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Mitra Debanjan , Paul Manish , Thatoi Hrudayanath , Mohapatra Pradeep K. Das
Published: August 2023

Context
The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) creates a pandemic every year in the European country. Lack of target therapeutics and absence of vaccines have prompted scientists to create novel vaccines or small chemical treatments against RSV's numerous targets. The matrix (M) protein and fusion (F) glycoprotein of RSV are well characterized and attractive drug targets. Five bioactive compounds from Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. were taken into consideration as lead compounds. Drug-likeness characters of them showed the drugs are non-toxic and non-mutagenic and mostly lipophobic. Molecular docking reveals that all bioactive compounds have better binding and better inhibitory effect than ribavirin which is currently used against RSV. Praecoxin A appeared as the best lead compound between them. It creates 7 different types of bonds with amino acids of M protein and 5 different types of bonds with amino acids of F protein. Van der Waals interactions highly influenced the binding energies. Molecular dynamic simulations represent the non-deviated and less fluctuating nature of praecoxin A. Principal Component Analysis showed praecoxin A complex with RSV matrix protein is more stable than ribavirin complex. This study will help to develop a new drug to inhibit RSV.
Methods
All ligands were minimized through semi-empirical PM3 process with MOPAC. Toxicity was tested by ProTox-II server. Molecular docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2. Molecular dynamics simulations for 100ns were carried out through GROMACS 5.12 MD and GROMOS96 43a1 force field. The graphs were produced by GROMACS's XMGrace program.
Heart disease prediction system using machine learning algorithms(k-nearest neighbor and decision tree algorithm)
Authors: Fayaz Zainab , SAURABH
Published: August 2023

Discover a compelling approach to foreseeing cardiovascular health using the power of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree algorithms. In this captivating study, we embark on a journey to construct a robust predictive model that aids in identifying potential heart disease cases. Through the fusion of KNN's data-driven proximity insights and Decision Tree's intuitive decision pathways, our methodology achieves unparalleled accuracy in early detection. Join us as we delve into the realm of predictive analytics, paving the way for a healthier tomorrow.
Is the use of investment resources allocated to councils efficient in Cameroon?
Authors: NDJANG Sylvain NGÔ , ANYA Saturnin Bertrand NGUENDA , Nzepang Fabrice
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of investment resources allocated to councils in Cameroon. Data is drawn from the Local Development Observatory of the Special Council Support Fund for Mutual Assistance (LDO-FEICOM), the Ministry of the Economy, Planning and Regional Development (MINEPAT) and the National Participatory Development Program (PNDP) for 2010–2020 period. The efficiency of this method by the data envelopment analysis(DEA) enables us to archieve at least two important results. Firstly, the use of resources transferred to the Public Investment Budget (BIP) appears more efficient than those transferred to FEICOM and PNDP. This is due to the mechanism used in executing expenditure by the former which differs from that of other mentioned institutions. Secondly, the pooling of resources from the different structures increases the efficiency scores obtained, taking them to a level above those obtained for FEICOM and PNDP taken in isolation, even if the new scores remain lower than those for PIB. These results suggest an important policy implication that the use of investment resources allocated to councils through the PIB mechanism appears to be the most appropriate way to improve the use of investment resources allocated to decentralisation by the State and other agencies involved in financing local projects.
Code JEL :H11, H21, H41, H70, H71, H72
Origin of Small Singlet-Triplet Energy Gaps and Novel Molecule-Design Principle for Multi-Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Chen Xian-Kai , Walia Rajat , Fan Xiaochun , Qu Zexing , Wang Kai , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: August 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with so-called multi-resonance (MR) effect have attracted much attentions for ultrahigh-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic lasers, due to their unique advantages such as narrow emission bandwidths. However, in emerging MR emitters with a fused π-conjugated backbone, origin of small singlet-triplet gaps (ΔES1T1) and its relationship with molecular structure are not well understood to date. In this work, we thus investigated and compared excited-state properties for a series of MR emitters, via high-level wavefunction-based quantum-chemistry calculations and experimental measurements. Our theoretical results demonstrated that: small energy gap of LUMO and LUMO+1 due to the weak orbital π-conjugation triggers strong electron-correlation effect in the first singlet (S1) states, thus stabilizing S1-state energy and reducing ΔES1T1; in addition, such weak orbital π-conjugation also raises the ππ* excitation energy, leading to the mixing of ππ* with nπ* configuration in the first triplet (T1) state and thus increasing spin-orbit coupling between the S1 and T1 states. Our theoretical results thus predicted that the molecules with the weak orbital π-conjugation show stronger TADF, which is consistent with our and others’ experimental observations. Moreover, in the collection of ca. 50 experimentally reported MR backbones, ΔES1T1 shows a positive correlation with LUMO-LUMO+1 energy gap, which further confirms the above finding. Our present theoretical and experimental work thus not only uncovered the origin of small ΔES1T1, but also established the relationship among molecular structure, electron-correlation effect, and excited-state property in MR-TADF emitters. Importantly, we also proposed a novel molecular-design strategy, i.e., reducing energy gap between LUMO and LUMO+1 by weakening inter-moiety orbital π-conjugation, for efficient MR-TADF molecules
Disseminating for Impact: Developing a translational dissemination curriculum for the clinical and translational research workforce
Authors: Keim-Malpass Jessica , Phillips Jennifer , Johnston Karen C.
Published: August 2023

There has been an increased focus on the practices associated with dissemination for the translation of clinical research to practice and ultimately, policy. Simultaneously, there has been attention placed on the role of the clinical research workforce in supporting optimal dissemination efforts for impact and societal benefit. Curriculums focused on education opportunities for dissemination for translational scientists have been under-reported. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) is a framework that has been developed to support assessment of clinical and translational research outcomes that measure impact (both in the clinical and community setting) beyond traditional citations in academic journals/bibliometric activities. The TSBM framework outlines more than 30 different facets of impact such as products, economic activities, system characteristics, and policy impacts and can provide a basis for operationalizing broad impacts of research for translational and clinical scientists. Engagement science offers methods and modalities to work with individual stakeholders, and collaborators in a team science model, and engagement with external scholars and society. This article will describe the use of the TSBM framework and engagement science strategies to develop a translational dissemination framework with novel components for evaluation of dissemination and implementation activities. We propose using the translational dissemination framework to guide the development of an educational curriculum for the clinical research workforce. We outline the educational domains and proposed evaluation criteria essential in implementing this innovative translational dissemination educational content for the clinical and translational research workforce.
On the calculation of the pressure drag coefficient of a flat plate using the law of conservation of energy
Authors: Kozynchenko Alexander , Kozynchenko Sergey
Published: August 2023

The article concerns the development of a new physical model for calculating the pressure resistance of a normal-oriented thin flat plate moving in incompressible fluid. The proposed “displacement-inflow” model uses the minimum number of assumptions of fundamental nature (the law of conservation of energy, the continuity condition, no viscosity). The main idea consists in calculating the increment of kinetic energy by fluid particles both before and after the plate at each discrete step of motion. The proposed approach made it possible to estimate the contribution of the front and back surfaces of the plate to the total pressure resistance of the plate separately. Thus, the pressure drag coefficient of the front side is equal to 1.0, of the back side – 0.33 for linear approximation of the velocity profile (0.20 for the quadratic approximation), so the total drag coefficient is 1.33 (or 1.20), which is very close to the reported experimental data. The obtained partial resistance coefficients for each surface of the plate allow us to use them for calculating the resistance forces and moments acting on a vessel hull. An example of such a calculation is given.
Studying the Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting after General Anesthesia and Determining the Risk Factors
Authors: Saker Kenan Ahmad , alasiry Mohamad jamal mohamad zien , Fawares Maamoun Ayman AL- , Rekmani Najwa Fajr
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a common problem that concerns both anesthesiologists and surgical patients. This study aims to study the incidence of nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia and to determine the risk factors.
Methods and material: The study included 250 patients who were admitted to Damascus Hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Tishreen Military Hospital affiliated to the Ministry of Defense in the departments of surgery in various departments, and who met admission and exclusion criteria, the type of study was descriptive and cross sectional, and it was conducted between 1/7/2023 and 10/8/2023.
Results: The average age of patients was (37.768 ± 17.2 years), and the ages ranged between (5 years and 83 years), and according to sex (58% males, 42% females), and the average surgical work for patients was (95.34 ± 64.467 minutes), and the duration ranged between (15 and 390 minutes), and the percentage of non-smokers was (56.4%). The most operations performed in the two hospitals were (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) (10.4%), followed by discectomy operations (5.6%). (Propofol) was used (45.6%). 54.4%) (Atracurium) (54.4%) was used, Esmeron (45.6%) was used, (Isoflurane, Sevoflural, Halothane) were used (52.8%, 1.6%, 45.6%, respectively), (Prostigmine, Fentanyl) were used, marcaine) (0.8%, 98.4%, 0.8%, respectively), the average pain level was the highest (45.2%), and the percentage of nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness was (53.2%, 55.6%, respectively).
conclusion: The method of anesthesia and anesthetics used have an important and significant role in the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, as modern anesthesia methods and the use of advanced anesthesia devices with what has been manufactured in the past ten years of modern anesthetics such as propofol and Sevoflurane and others have all contributed to reducing the incidence of nausea and vomiting in a small way after work Surgical and anesthesia.
From Counterportation to Local Wormholes
Authors: Salih Hatim
Published: August 2023

We propose an experimental realisation of the protocol for the counterfactual
disembodied transport of an unknown qubit—or what we call counterportation—
where sender and receiver, remarkably, exchange no particles. We employ
cavity quantum electrodynamics, estimating resources for beating the classical
fidelity limit—except, unlike teleportation, no preshared entanglement
nor classical communication are required. Our approach is multiple orders
of magnitude more efficient in terms of physical resources than previously
proposed implementation, paving the way for a demonstration using existing
imperfect devices. Surprisingly, while such communication is intuitively explained
in terms of “interaction-free” measurement and the Zeno effect, we
show that neither is necessary, with far-reaching implications in support of an
underlying physical reality. We go on to characterise an explanatory framework
for counterportation starting from constructor theory: local wormholes.
Conversely, a counterportation experiment demonstrating the traversability of
space, by means of what is essentially a 2-qubit exchange-free quantum computer,
can point to the existence in the lab of such traversable wormholes.
A machine learning approach to discrimination of igneous rocks and ore deposits by zircon trace elements
Authors: Wen Zi-Hao , Li Lin , Kirkland Christopher L. , Li Sheng-Rong , Sun Xiao-Jie , Lei Jia-Li , Xu Bo , Hou Zeng-Qian
Published: August 2023

The mineral zircon has a robust crystal structure, preserving a wealth of geological information through deep time. Traditionally, trace elements in magmatic and hydrothermal zircon have been employed to distinguish between different primary igneous or metallogenic growth fluids. However, classical approaches based on mineral geochemistry are not only time consuming but often ambiguous due to apparent compositional overlap for different growth environments. Here, we report a compilation of 11 004 zircon trace element measurements from 280 published articles, 7173 from crystals in igneous rocks, and 3831 from ore deposits. Geochemical variables include Hf, Th, U, Y, Ti, Nb, Ta, and the REEs. Igneous rock types include kimberlite, carbonatite, gabbro, basalt, andesite, diorite, granodiorite, dacite, granite, rhyolite, and pegmatite. Ore types include porphyry Cu-Au-Mo, skarn-type polymetallic, intrusion-related Au, skarn-type Fe-Cu, and Nb-Ta deposits. We develop Decision Tree, XGBoost, and Random Forest algorithms with this zircon geochemical information to predict lithology or deposit type. The F1-score indicates that the Random Forest algorithm has the best predictive performance for the classification of both lithology and deposit type. The eight most important zircon elements from the igneous rock (Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, U, Eu, Ti, Lu) and ore deposit (Y, Eu, Hf, U, Ce, Ti, Th, Lu) classification models, yielded reliable F1-scores of 0.919 and 0.891, respectively. We present a web page portal (http://60.205.170.161:8001/) for the classifier and employ it to a case study of Archean igneous rocks in Western Australia and ore deposits in Southwest China. The machine learning classifier successfully determines the known primary lithology of the samples, demonstrating significant promise as a classification tool where host rock and ore deposit types are unknown.
Pyrite stability and chalcophile element mobility in a hot Eocene forearc of the Pacific Rim Terrane, Vancouver Island, Canada
Authors: Geen Alexander C. , Canil Dante
Published: August 2023

The conditions of pyrite (Py) stability inform the extent of S mobility during prograde metamorphism, the formation of orogenic Au deposits, and the S cycle in subduction zones. The variables that affect Py stability and chalcophile element mobility are investigated in the Pacific Rim Terrane of Vancouver Island, Canada, where sulfide-bearing carbonaceous sediments have been metamorphosed from 230 to 600 °C and 4 kbar by mid-ocean ridge subduction in a hot fore arc setting during the Eocene. The petrographic evidence in the rocks shows Py can coexist with pyrrhotite (Po) over a wide temperature window to >550 °C as preserved in porphyroblasts of andalusite, staurolite, and garnet. Conversely, equilibrium phase diagrams constructed for the rock compositions conflict with observations and suggest the breakdown of primary Py occurs over a narrow temperature range below 400 °C. The phase diagrams are consistent with the coexistence of Py and Po up to lower amphibolite facies only if S locally comprises a much greater proportion involved in a reaction than that of the overall bulk-rock composition used in the calculations. While the chemistry of the bulk rocks and Po included in porphyroblasts show mobilization of H2O and S with increasing metamorphic grade of the forearc, this process appears unrelated to the distribution of chalcophile elements or Au deposits found in the Pacific Rim Terrane.
Influence of Fe(II), Fe(III), and Al(III) isomorphic substitutions on acid-base properties of edge surfaces of cis-vacant montmorillonite: Insights from first-principles molecular dynamics simulations and surface complexation modeling
Authors: Gao Pengyuan , Liu Xiandong , Guo Zhijun , Tournassat Christophe
Published: August 2023

Knowing the influence of isomorphic substitutions on the acid-base properties of smectite edge surfaces is an important aspect of the detailed understanding of clay minerals’ interfacial properties with implications in the modeling of adsorption processes. We investigated the intrinsic acidity constants of Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Al(III) substituted edge surface sites of montmorillonite with a cis-vacant structure, which includes four crystallographic orientations perpendicular to [010], [010], [110], and [110], using the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) based vertical energy gap method. Fe(II) and Fe(III) substitutions resulted, respectively, in a significant increase and decrease in pKa values of amphoteric groups directly associated with Fe octahedra. In addition, Fe(II) substitution increased the pKa values of the neighboring silanol sites, while Fe(III) substitution had a weak influence on these sites. The Al-substituted tetrahedra had amphoteric sites with higher pKa values than the non-substituted Si tetrahedra, and they increased significantly the pKa values of the sites bridging the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets on surfaces perpendicular to [010] and [110]. The acid-base properties of substituted and non-substituted surface sites of cis-vacant montmorillonite were used to build a state-of-the-art surface complexation model, which successfully reproduced the best available experimental acid-base titration data. This model was further used to predict acid-base properties of dioctahedral smectites (montmorillonite, beidellite, and nontronite) according to their cis- or trans-vacant structures and their layer chemistry. According to these predictions, these smectites exhibit very similar overall pH buffering properties despite significant differences in structure and chemistry. A detailed analysis of the acid-base properties as a function of crystallographic directions demonstrated, however, that these differences should have a large influence on the adsorption of ionic species.
Dairy data for dummies
Authors: Stampfl Brian
Published: August 2023

Utilizing data and records generated on dairy farms is an essen­tial part of modern dairy practice. Many young veterinarians have been exposed to basic records analysis, but may still lack some skills that improve their ability to add value for clients. Learning these skills requires a dedicated effort, and there are many resources available to the young practitioner. This pre­sentation aims to outline a process by which young practitio­ners can improve their skills with some of the most commonly used data analysis tools.
Practical implementation of lung ultrasound in dairy calves
Authors: Debbink Brandon J.
Published: August 2023

Routine thoracic ultrasonography is a developing service of­fered by veterinary practitioners that acts as an accurate, rapid, calf-side diagnostic tool to aid in calf health management. Bo­vine practitioners competent in the technique can provide this service to progressive producers by way of client education, demonstration and evidence of impact of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in pre-weaned dairy calves. Routine, strategic scanning demonstrates trends in new infection rate, cure rates, and severity of lesions in those affected. Utilizing the data to establish benchmarks for individual calf programs allows prac­titioners and producers to make prudent, evidence-based deci­sions on treatment and management changes to aid in preven­tion. Routine thoracic ultrasound is a tremendous opportunity for new and recent veterinary graduates who are looking to expand clinic services and can be offered with little additional overhead. Consistent veterinary involvement brings the practi­tioner to the forefront in calf management and consultation.
Calf necropsy
Authors: Gutierrez Katie
Published: August 2023

This presentation will cover how to preform necropsy on neo­natal cattle, give practice tips on preforming necropsies, and how to make calf necropsies a value-added service.
10 pro techniques: Mastering the art of the bovine physical exam
Authors: Breuer Ryan M.
Published: August 2023

The bovine physical examination is viewed as a rudimentary skill utilized by the bovine practitioner, but this skill set, when performed with precision, detail and diligence, can provide information that will prompt further diagnostic testing as well as offer insight for making appropriate decisions on a diagnosis and prognosis for the animal being evaluated. Here, we’ll break down the physical exam to review the components and focus on techniques to gather more information for a systematic ap­proach to the physical exam.
How to defy all odds and secure a bank loan
Authors: Reed Brian
Published: August 2023

One of the potential hurdles to overcome in becoming an owner in a veterinary practice can be securing a business loan. This presentation will discuss the factors involved with gaining an approval for a business loan, starting with understanding the lender’s perspective and concerns, and then exploring how you can improve your chances for success. Successfully navigat­ing this process can be viewed as a 3-legged stool with each leg required for the success of the overall process. The legs of the stool include bank factors, borrower factors and business fac­tors. Each factor is explored in this presentation.
Search for scalar induced gravitational waves in the international pulsar timing array data release 2 and NANOgrav 12.5 years datasets
Authors: Dandoy Virgile , Domcke Valerie , Rompineve Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

We perform a Bayesian search in the latest Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) datasets for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background sourced by curvature perturbations at scales 10^5105 Mpc^{-1}\lesssim−1≲ k\lesssim 10^8≲108 Mpc^{-1}−1. These re-enter the Hubble horizon at temperatures around and below the QCD crossover phase transition in the early Universe. We include a stochastic background of astrophysical origin in our search and properly account for constraints on the curvature power spectrum from the overproduction of primordial black holes (PBHs). We find that the International PTA Data Release 2 significantly favors the astrophysical model for its reported common-spectrum process, over the curvature-induced background. On the other hand, the two interpretations fit the NANOgrav 12.5 years dataset equally well. We then set new upper limits on the amplitude of the curvature power spectrum at small scales. These are independent from, and competitive with, indirect astrophysical bounds from the abundance of PBH dark matter. Upcoming PTA data releases will provide the strongest probe of the curvature power spectrum around the QCD epoch.
Silencing TRIM29 Sensitizes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to
Anlotinib by Promoting Apoptosis via Binding RAD50
Authors: Wu Min , Jin Meng-Meng , Cao Xiao-Hui , Zhao Lei , Li Yong-Huai
Published: August 2023

Background:

Previous studies have proposed that the transcriptional regulatory factor
tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) is involved in carcinogenesis via binding with nucleic
acid. TRIM29 is confirmed to be highly expressed when the cancer cells acquire therapy-resistant
properties. We noticed that TRIM29 levels were significantly increased in anlotinib-resistant NCIH1975
(NCI-H1975/AR) cells via mining data information from gene expression omnibus (GEO)
gene microarray (GSE142031; log2 fold change > 1, p <0.05).

Objective:

Our study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM29 on the resistance to anlotinib in
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, including NCI-H1975 and A549 cells.

Methods:

Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect TRIM29 expression in anlotinib-
resistant NSCLC (NSCLC/AR) cells. Apoptosis were determined through flow cytometry,
acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining as well as western blot. ELISA was used to measure the
content of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1. Co-Immunoprecipitation assay was performed to verify
the interaction between TRIM29 and RAD50 double-strand break repair protein (RAD50).

Results:

TRIM29 expression was shown to be elevated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of NSCLC/
AR cells compared to normal NSCLC cells. Next, we demonstrated that TRIM29 knockdown facilitated
apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity to anlotinib in NSCLC/AR cells. Based on the
refined results citing from the database BioGRID, it was proved that TRIM29 interacted with
RAD50. Herein, RAD50 overexpression diminished the pro-apoptotic effect induced by silencing
TRIM29 in anlotinib-resistant A549 (A549/AR) cells.

Conclusion:

Finally, we concluded that the increased sensitivity to anlotinib in NSCLC/AR cells
was achieved by knocking down TRIM29, besides, the positive effects of TRIM29 knockdown
were attributed to the promotion of apoptosis via binding to RAD50 in NSCLC/AR cell nucleus.
Therefore, TRIM29 might become a potential target for overcoming anlotinib resistance in NSCLC
treatment.
Evaluation of Hydrazide-hydrazone and 4-thiazolidinone Derivatives of Etodolac as Potential Anticancer Agents in Leukemia Cells
Authors: Tiber Pinar Mega , Averbek Sera , Sevinç Sevgi Koçyiğit , Kilinç Olca , Süzgün Pelin Çikla , Küçükgüzel S. Güniz , Orun Oya
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, have also been found to prevent cancer. (±)(R,S) Etodolac is an NSAID that belongs to the class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Various derivatives of etodolac are synthesized to boost its anti-proliferative action and lessen its potential negative effects. In our earlier studies, some novel derivatives of etodolac exhibited stronger cytotoxic effects on prostate cell lines and had similar effects on leukemia cells in pre-screening experiments.

Objective:

Using the K562 leukemia cell line as a model, we sought to investigate the anti-cancer properties of a hydrazide-hydrozone derivative (SGK-205) and a 4-thiazolidinone derivative of etodolac (SGK-216).

Materials and Methods:

In the current investigation, SGK-205 and SGK-216 compounds were administered to K562 cells for 24 and 48 hours at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 μM. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT test, and apoptosis by Annexin V-PI staining and mitochondrial membrane potential assays, together with mRNA expressions of apoptotic proteins. The levels of the proteins, HER2 and COX2, were also examined to evaluate COX2 inhibitory capacity.

Results:

In K562 cells, there was a definite dose-dependent response to SGK-205 and SGK-216 compounds. Results from MTT viability tests, together with mitochondrial membrane potential measurements and Annexin V-PI staining, revealed that SGK-216 and SGK-205 significantly outperformed etodolac in terms of their apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities. The concentration range of 10-20 M for both chemicals was sufficient to start biological responses. Apoptosis was also investigated through the expressions of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, gene expression research demonstrated SGK-205 to be a beneficial substitute to etodolac in lowering COX-2 and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) expression.

Conclusion:

Our data indicated both derivatives to have higher anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects compared to etodolac. An overall assessment highlighting apoptotic induction potential, acceptable toxicity levels, a consistent dose-response relationship, and COX2 inhibitory actions, in particular, indicated SGK-205 as a viable novel therapeutic.
Identification of Pyrroloimidazoles as Potential Inhibitors of WDR5-WIN-Site by 3D-QSAR Molecular Simulation
Authors: Chen Xiao Die , Shi Yuan Ze , Yu Na , Li Jia Li , Wu Jin Ping , Zhao Xue Min , Shu Mao , Lin Zhi Hua
Published: August 2023

Background:

WD repeat structural domain 5 (WDR5), which plays an important role in various
biological functions through epigenetic regulation, is aberrantly expressed in human cancers, and is
an effective target for the discovery of anticancer drugs.

Methods:

In this paper, QSAR modeling analysis, including comparative molecular field (CoMFA) and
comparative molecular similarity index analysis field (CoMSIA), was first performed using 41 pyrroloimidazole
analogs. The results showed q2=0.667 and r2=0.981 in CoMFA and q2=0.662 and r2=0.983 in
CoMSIA. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed the interaction and
binding affinity of the inhibitors with key residues of the proteins, for example, PHE149, PHE133, and
CYS261.

Results:

Based on QSAR and docking studies, seven new compounds with high scores and qualified
ADMET performance were designed.

Conclusion:

In this study, new ideas have been provided for exploring new WDR5 inhibitors.
Potential and Harmful Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle on Health: A Brief Note
Authors: Richard Nikitha Shalom
Published: August 2023

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are formed in vast amounts worldwide for usage
in several applications. They possess excellent photocatalytic properties, high chemical stability,
and a wide bandgap, making them highly effective in environmental remediation and solar energy
conversion. TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit biocompatibility, allowing their utilization in biomedical uses,
such as molecular imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Chemical methods, such as hydrothermal,
sol-gel, and chemical vapor deposition, provide versatility in controlling nanoparticle size,
morphology, and crystallinity. They offer relatively lower production costs, scalability, and the ability
to incorporate dopants or functionalize the nanoparticle surface. Their small size and large surface area-
to-volume ratio enable enhanced reactivity and surface functionality, facilitating their incorporation
into composite materials and surface coatings for improved performance. Regarding the potential toxicity
of TiO2 nanoparticles, the bulk form of TiO2 is considered safe for human consumption, but the
reduced size of nanoparticles raises concerns about their potential adverse effects. TiO2 nanoparticles
strongly depend on factors, such as particle size, surface modifications, exposure route, and duration.
Therefore, continued research is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity
mechanisms and develop strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects, ensuring the safe and responsible
utilization of TiO2 nanoparticles in different fields.
Efficient spin generation in graphene by magnetic proximity effect upon absorption of far-IR radiation
Authors: Denisov K. S.  , Golenitskii K. Yu.
Published: August 2023

The magnetic proximity effect is significant for atomically thin layers of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, we study the mechanisms of photogeneration spin-polarized carriers in graphene on a magnetic insulator. The magnetic proximity effect and lowered symmetry at the interface enhance the spin response of graphene in the alternating electric field of the incident light. The first leads to spin splitting of the linear spectrum of Dirac electrons. The second increases the role of the spin-orbit interaction. The main mechanisms of photogenerated spin polarization have been considered, including spin flip intersubband and interband transitions, and their contribution to the absorption coefficient of graphene. Keywords: Dirac electrons, graphene, electric dipole spin resonance, spin-orbit coupling, spin generation.