bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy Analysis of High-Intensity Laser Therapy for Post Lumbar Surgery Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Zhao Ruizhao , Qiao Junjie , Lv Xinyao , Fang Xiutong
Published: January 2025

Objective
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of high-intensity laser treatment against post-lumbar surgery syndrome (PLSS) through a randomized controlled trial.
Method
PLSS admitted at our hospital between 2020 and 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, i.e., the oral medication group (Group A) and the high-intensity laser therapy group (Group B). We analyzed the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) of both groups. We also analyzed serum pain indicators and the extent of paraspinal muscle fat infiltration before and after treatment, at one week, one month, three months, six months, and twelve months post-treatment.
Results
After one month, three months, and six months post-treatment, VAS scores of Group B were significantly lower than those of Group A (P < 0.05). After one week, one month, and twelve months post-treatment, the ODI of Group B was significantly lower than that of Group A (P < 0.05). One month after treatment, Group B patients had significantly lower levels of 5-HT and substance P (SP) than Group A (P < 0.05). The content of β-endorphins (β-EP) in the blood of Group B was higher than that of Group A (P = 0.018). The progression of paraspinal muscle fat infiltration in Group B was significantly slower than that in Group A (P = 0.001).
Conclusion
HILT can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with PLSS, delay the degenerative changes in the paraspinal muscles of the lumbar spine, and improve the long-term postoperative quality of life of patients.
Comparative Analysis of ANN, RNN, and GRU for Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Singh Simarjeet , Kashyap Manav , Tantubay Neeraj
Published: January 2025

The rapid rise of digital financial transactions has significantly increased the risk of credit card fraud, which poses substantial threats to financial institutions and consumers. This paper presents a comparison of three machine learning models—Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU)—for detecting fraudulent credit card transactions. The study evaluates the models using four key performance metrics: Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, and Error Rate. The findings reveal that the GRU model outperforms both ANN and RNN, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.9%. These results highlight the potential of GRU in developing robust and efficient credit card fraud detection systems.
Einfluss der Angst von Eltern auf das kindliche perioperativ-anästhesiologische Outcome bei Kinderanästhesien
Authors:   , Mann Manuel
Published: January 2025

Ziel dieser Promotion war die Beantwortung der Frage, inwieweit im operativen Setting die Angst der Eltern Einfluss auf das Outcome ihrer Kinder hat. Besonderes Augenmerk lag auf der Frage nach einem vermehrten Auftreten des pädiatrischen Emergence Delirs (pädED), von PONV oder einem erhöhten Schmerzniveau. Darüber hinaus sollte mittels der Pilotstudie die Frage nach der Praktikabilität der genutzten Tests vor der Durchführung einer größeren Studie zu perioperativen EEG-Mustern zur Prädiktion des pädED beantwortet werden.
Increasing the Red Fraction in Light-emitting Diode Supplemental Light Enhances Yield Without Affecting the Quality of Greenhouse-grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Somma Annalisa , Liu Ying , Nielen Lorenzo B.A. , Olschowski Sebastian , Heuvelink Ep , Marcelis Leo F.M.
Published: January 2025

Supplemental lighting by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a greenhouse allows for spectral flexibility, which may enhance plant growth and morphology, yield, quality, light use efficiency, and electric energy efficiency (yield/kWh). A greenhouse experiment of two lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars (green-leaved and reddish-leaved) grown under four supplemental LED light spectra at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 μmol·m−2·s−1 and containing 38%, 63%, 81%, or 95% red photons (red fraction) in combination with blue, green, and far-red wavebands was conducted. Yield and growth parameters, like the total plant biomass, increased linearly with an increasing red fraction for both cultivars. In general, spectral effects were stronger in the reddish-leaved cultivar, in which leaf fresh weight increased by 35% compared with only 10% in the green-leaved cultivar. The red fraction barely affected lettuce quality (pigment, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total soluble sugar, starch, and mineral composition). The results indicated that a high red fraction in supplemental LED light enhances lettuce yield, light use and energy efficiency, and yield per kWh while preserving quality.
Impact of Irrigation Regimes on Growth and Postharvest Quality of Pomegranates (Punica granatum L.) under Conditions of Newly Reclaimed Land
Authors: Mousa Magdi A.A. , Al-Qurashi Adel D. , Ibrahim Omer H.M. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A.M. , Aal Ahmed M.K. Abdel , El-Salhy Abdel-Fattah M. , El-Bolok Tarek K.H. , Ali Mohamed A.H. , Ali Esmat F. , Abou-Zaid Eman A.A.
Published: January 2025

Farmers are encouraged to invest in crops that will grow and produce under the predicted climate change, such as global warming, limited water supplies, and drought-imposed water restrictions on agriculture. The drought-tolerant pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a promising horticulture crop that can be grown under arid conditions. To successfully implement irrigation management strategies in orchards, knowledge of plant responses to water deficits, tree shoot and fruit growth patterns, and irrigation management strategies that conserve water is required. The present study described the response of pomegranate trees of the Manfalouty variety to deficit irrigation under the local climate. The experiment was conducted during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The experiment was carried out on a private farm in the Bani Uday district of Manfalouty, Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Eighteen trees with comparable strength and growth were chosen, free of elemental deficiency signs, planted at 3.5 × 3.5 m, with an age of 8 years. Three irrigation levels 50%, 75%, and 100% of the pomegranate tree’s water standard were applied. With the randomized complete block design (RCBD), each treatment was used three times, with two trees in each iteration. Results revealed that applying irrigation at a rate of 75% enhanced fruit quality and yield, mitigated sun sting and cracking, and improved vegetative growth. Moreover, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased, which was reflected in the increase of the percentage of commercial and marketing fruits and decreased production costs when applying 75% of the water ration, which maintains soil and natural resources for sustainable agriculture.
Análise dos Efeitos da Ativação Cerebral por Eletroencefalografia em Pacientes Pós-AVC Durante Imagética Motora, Estimulação Elétrica Funcional e Luva Robótica
Authors: Souza Fernanda Vaz de , Bastos Filho Teodiano Freire , Silva Leticia Araujo , Mehrpour Sheida , Lima Jessica Paola Souza , Cabral Fernando Bermudes
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da ativação cerebral por eletroencefalografia (EEG) em pacientes pós-AVC durante estimulações com Imagética Motora (IM), Estimulação Elétrica Funcional (FES) e Luva Robótica (LR). Metodologia: Foram analisados e comparados registros de EEG de dois (02) sujeitos pós-AVC, com acometimento de movimento de mão durante intervenções de IM, FES, LR e associação de FES+LR. Resultados: A análise do ritmo Mu demonstrou que as terapias com LR, FES e FES+LR foram capazes de reduzir a PR de forma significativa esse ritmo no voluntário 1 (V1), quando comparadas a terapia de IM. No voluntário 2 (V2), observamos o mesmo padrão. Após a análise do ritmo Beta Low, foi demonstrado que a terapia de FES+LR foi superior e significativa quando comparada a IM nos dois indivíduos estudados. A terapia apenas com FES também se mostrou significativa em V2 em comparação a IM. Já durante a análise da frequência Beta High, observou-se que a terapia de FES+LR foi superior e significativa quando comparada a IM em V1.  Conclusões: Foram obtidos resultados relevantes utilizando as estimulações FES+LR associadas. Diante disso, conclui-se que a associação dessas terapias pode auxiliar no processo de reabilitação neuro-motora pós-AVC, possibilitando a elaboração de novos protocolos de neuro-reabilitação que sejam acessíveis e seguros.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis Based on Waste Sources in Indonesia in 2022
Authors: Hidayatullah Syarif , Sofro A’yunin
Published: January 2025

Waste, as a result of human activities, is a complex issue that requires appropriate solutions. With the increasing volume of waste, waste management in Indonesia has become a major challenge. The research examined the waste problem in Indonesia, focusing on analyzing and grouping 311 regencies/cities based on waste sources in 2022. The research also aimed to provide an in-depth understanding of waste characteristics in each region as a basis for designing more effective waste management policies at the regional level. The research applied hierarchical clustering, combining Ward’s method with Euclidean distance analysis. The analysis shows 14 significant clusters with different waste composition characteristics. Interpretation of the cluster results identifies areas with low to high levels of waste. Clusters 1 to 4 have relatively little waste composition, while clusters 5 to 14 have increasing waste levels, with cluster 14 being an area with very high waste levels. The research results are expected to serve as a basis for the government to formulate more targeted and adaptive policies for handling waste in the future. The implications include improving waste management systems, recycling programs, and community education. By understanding the waste composition of each region, the government can implement solutions that suit its needs. The research provides an overview of the waste problem at the regional level in Indonesia and can be the basis for developing more effective policies. In future research, it is recommended to use more accurate and complete waste data in each regency/city for more in-depth results.
Pro-fertility and Antioxidant Potentials of Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)
Protein Isolate and Essential Oil: An In vivo and In silico Studies
Authors: Samuel Oladimeji Olugbenga , Kayode Awote Olasunkanmi , Olympian Elum Nzubechi
Published: January 2025

Introduction::

Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea), a legume rich in phytochemicals, has been
traditionally used to improve fertility and treat various ailments. This study used in-silico and invivo
methods to evaluate the effects of cowpea protein isolate and essential oil on reproductive hormonal
and antioxidant indices.

Method::

Forty (40) female rats were divided into eight groups (n=5). After 14 days of treatment,
hormone levels (progesterone, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol) and antioxidant activities (superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were assessed using biochemical kits and standard procedures.
Molecular docking studies were performed using PyRx and Biovia Discovery Studio
2021. The ligands generated through gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of
cowpea oil and the target proteins (SOD and CAT) were from downloaded PubChem and RCSB
Protein Data Bank, respectively.

Results::

The results of this study showed that cowpea essential oil and protein isolate significantly
(p<0.05) reduced plasma CAT and SOD activities while increasing their activities in the ovary
and liver tissues compared to the infertile untreated group. Consistent administration of either cowpea
oil or protein isolate was observed to positively regulate the hormonal indices in the infertile
treated groups. Phthalic acid, 2-cyclohexyl ethyl isobutyl ester demonstrated a strong binding
affinity and binding constant with SOD and CAT, which suggests that the ligands from cowpea essential
oil may have antioxidant and pro-fertility properties that could be developed to treat fertility-
related issues.

Conclusion::

Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that V. unguiculata has antioxidant
property, and can promote fertility, possibly through its rich embedded phytochemicals,
which substantiates its traditional claim.
Gold Nanoparticles and Chitosan as Innovative Compounds in Medicine and Cosmetology:A Review of Current Applications
Authors: Kowalska Agata , Smułka Agata , Adamska Elżbieta , Zarzeczańska Dorota , Ossowski Tadeusz , Grobelna Beata
Published: January 2025

The medical and cosmetic industries have developed in recent years, there
has been a growing demand for new materials. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chitosan
(CS) have been known and used for many years. Unfortunately, despite their numerous
advantages and possible applications, such materials may possess certain disadvantages
and limitations that constitute a problem in medical or cosmetic applications.
Au NPs may have potential toxicity depending on their size, shape, charge, surface coatings,
and tendency to agglomerate into larger clusters. On the other hand, the CS production
process requires strict control due to the possibility of uncontrolled hydrolysis or
chemical modifications during polymer isolation. The combination of Au NPs and CS
that differ in chemical and phase in one composite (Au/CS) allows for acquiring of new
material with many advantages. The obtained composite has good mechanical properties
and is biocompatible due to the presence of CS and the antibacterial properties of Au
NPs. Therefore, it can be successfully used in many branches of medicine, including
gene delivery, cell encapsulation, wound healing process, or as a preservative ingredient
of cosmetics. Moreover, Au/CS nanocomposites are used in the food industry and environmental
protection. This review highlights the preparation routes, properties, and applications
of Au NPs and CS as separate materials. Moreover, the last part presents the advantages
of combining these two materials into one nanocomposite. Specifically, we described
the role of CS in the synthesis of Au NPs and possible subsequent applications
of such nanomaterials as an element of biosensors, scaffolds, and an intelligent drug release
system or tissue engineering.
The Interplay of Diet, Genome, Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mofrad Manije Darooghegi , Ahn Seoeun , Chun Ock K.
Published: January 2025

Introduction/objective:

The responsiveness to dietary interventions is influenced
by complex, multifactorial interactions among genetics, diet, lifestyle, gut microbiome,
environmental factors, and clinical characteristics, such as the metabolic phenotype.
Detailed metabolic and microbial phenotyping using large human datasets is essential
for better understanding the link between diet, the gut microbiome, and host
metabolism in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review provides an overview of the
interplay between diet, genome, metabolome, and gut microbiome in CVD.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases to
identify pertinent cohort studies published between January 2022 and May 2024. This review
focused on English articles that assessed the interplay of diet, genome,
metabolome, and gut microbiome in relation to CVD in humans

Results:

This narrative review explored the role of single-omics technologies-genomics,
metabolomics, and the gut microbiome-and multi-omics approaches to understand the
molecular basis of the relationship between diet and CVD. Omics technologies enabled
the identification of new genes, metabolites, and molecular mechanisms related to the association
of diet and CVD. The integration of multiple omics approaches allows for
more detailed phenotyping, offering a broader perspective on how dietary factors influence
CVD.

Conclusion:

Omics approaches hold great potential for deciphering the intricate
crosstalk between diet, genome, gut microbiome, and metabolome, as well as their roles
in CVD. Although large-scale studies integrating multiple omics in CVD research are
still limited, notable progress has been made in uncovering molecular mechanisms. These
findings could guide the development of targeted dietary strategies and guidelines to
prevent CVD.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Bauhinia variegata Linn. Roots:
Isolation, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Kamal Yousaf , Fatima Nighat , Mumtaz Amara , Shahzadi Irum , Mannan Abdul , Anaya-Eugenio Gerardo D. , Arellano Eric Daniel Salinas , Ahmed Madiha , Hussain Zahid , de Blanco Esperanza J. Carcache
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

This study aims to isolate and characterize potential cytotoxic compounds from the
roots of Bauhinia variegata Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) and evaluate their activity against human cancer cell
lines. Five compounds, namely β-sitosterol (1), piperine (2), piperolein B (3), retrofractamide A (4), and dehydropipernonaline
(5), were isolated from B. variegata roots using various chromatographic procedures.

Methods:

The root extracts were prepared using aqueous and organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate,
and methanol. The isolated compounds were subjected to a sulforhodamine B cytotoxicity assay against
DU-145 and PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines. Among the isolates,
compound 5 exhibited significant bioactivity against all tested cell lines. Compound 4 demonstrated in vitro activity,
specifically against MCF-7 cancer cell lines.

Results:

Importantly, these compounds were identified for the first time from B. variegata roots. In conclusion,
this study highlights the enhanced spectrum of cytotoxic activity exhibited by the isolated compounds.
These findings encourage further investigation to elucidate the mechanism of action of these compounds
against the respective cell lines.

Conclusion:

The identification and characterization of these bioactive compounds contribute to the understanding
of the potential therapeutic applications of B. variegata in cancer treatment.
Unlocking Therapeutic Potential: Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes in IUA Treatment, Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Rajabloo Yasamin , Al-Asady Abdulridha Mohammed , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: January 2025

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a condition caused by damage to the basal uterine layer which can
lead to partial or full occlusion of the uterine cavity. Although traditional treatment options have been useful
in mild and moderate cases, they have been unsatisfactory in severe IUA cases. Therefore, it is essential to improve
the treatment strategies of IUA. Recent studies have demonstrated that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
exert their therapeutic effects via the paracrine secretion of several substances including extracellular vesicles
(EV) also called exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) do not have the limitations of MSCs including
immunogenicity and tumorigenicity. However, exosomes have limitations in terms of identification, isolation,
purification, and origin. The clinical application of exosomes requires quality control and increased standardization
in isolation and culture serum. This review summarizes therapeutic potentials of MSC-Exos and
explores their potential clinical implications as diagnostic, therapeutic targets as well as prognostic markers in
managing IUA.
In vitro Investigation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of
Green Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Ephedra gerardiana Plant
Extract
Authors: Abizi-Moqadam Ali , Mortazavi-Derazkola Sobhan , Zare-Bidaki Majid , Osmani Freshteh , Alizadeh Leili
Published: January 2025

Background::

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates
exploring nanotechnology as a potential solution for microbial elimination.

Objectives::

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of silver
nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous extract from the Ephedra gerardiana (E. gerardiana)
plant (EG@AgNPs).

Methods::

Optimal synthesis conditions, including silver nitrate concentration, time, and temperature,
were determined. Characterization of EG@AgNPs was conducted, which was followed by
antimicrobial assessment against eight bacterial strains and one fungal strain. Additionally, the
antioxidant properties of EG@AgNPs were evaluated using the DPPH method.

Results::

XRD analysis confirmed EG@AgNPs synthesis. DLS analysis revealed a hydrodynamic
diameter of 22 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups from the E.
gerardiana plant extract in EG@AgNPs. FESEM and TEM images depicted spherical nanoparticles
ranging in size from 10 to 20 nm. Antimicrobial investigations using the broth microdilution
method demonstrated that E. gerardiana plant extract at 7.5 mg/ml inhibited only Streptococcus
mutans and Candida albicans growth, with no antimicrobial effects observed at lower
concentrations. However, EG@AgNPs significantly enhanced the antimicrobial properties of the
E. gerardiana plant extract. Notably, these nanoparticles exhibited the most significant effect on
E. coli and the least on S. salivaris, with MIC value of 125 and 2000 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore,
they inhibited C. albicans growth at a concentration of 62.5 μg/ml. An assessment of
the antioxidant properties of EG@AgNPs indicated a significant increase in antioxidant activity.

Conclusion::

The E. gerardiana plant extract has emerged as a promising option for silver nanoparticle
synthesis. These nanoparticles have been found to exhibit potent antimicrobial properties
against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, as well as C. albicans. Additionally,
they have demonstrated antioxidant properties.
Predictive Value and Potential of Targeting Complement Factor C3 in Patients with Renal Injury in Preeclampsia
Authors: Ni Chengxiang , Zhang Sen , Bai Wenpei
Published: January 2025

Aim:

The activation of the complement system is accompanied by the
occurrence and development of preeclampsia, as well as kidney diseases. Here, the
role of complement C3 [C3] in renal injury in preeclampsia was explored, and its
potential application as an early diagnostic biomarker or drug target to ameliorate
kidney injury induced by preeclampsia was preliminarily evaluated.

Method:

A total of 48 subjects were included in the present study, and the
complement C3 levels and renal function were analyzed.

Results:

Patients with preeclampsia with severe features [sPe] had poorer renal
function compared with the patients with preeclampsia. Urinary C3 levels could be
used to distinguish between healthy controls, patients with preeclampsia, and patients
with sPe. Increased renal inflammation and oxidative stress were notably increased in
the preeclampsia mice with impaired renal function and attenuation of C3 activity using
a C3 receptor antagonist, which reduced Pe-like symptoms and renal impairment,
decreased serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary albumin levels, and
decreased expression of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, whilst
increasing superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, activation of the nuclear factor
erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 ([HO-1) pathway was involved in
the inhibition of complement C3 in the kidney.

Conclusion:

Higher urinary C3 levels could be used to predict kidney damage as it
was found that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway attenuated C3 levels, and this
resulted in increased renal impairment in preeclampsia.
Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Psoriasis
Authors: Wang Siyu , Han Qixin , Wang Jun , Peng Xinxin , Zhou Ling , Niu Xuping
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study aims to investigate the unique proteins in exosomes
from mesenchymal stem cells derived from psoriatic lesions and compare them with
those from healthy human skin. It seeks to identify potential regulatory factors that may
influence the differential effects observed in these exosomes.

Methods:

Dermal mesenchymal stem cell exosomes were isolated from healthy
human skin (HDMSCs-EXO) and psoriatic lesion of patient (PDMSCs-EXO). The
extracted exosomes were analyzed through label-free quantitative proteomics to
identify differential proteins. Bioinformatics analyses, including GO and KEGG
enrichment, were conducted.

Results:

The comparative analysis using HDMSCs-EXO as a control group revealed
13 differential proteins. Notably, proteins such as B2R4D5, MFGE8, and MFAP5 are
associated with the inflammatory mechanisms of psoriasis.

Conclusion:

The study identifies several differentially expressed proteins in exosomes
may play roles in the development of psoriasis. These finding offer valuable insights
for further exploration of the inflammatory processes in psoriasis.
The Clinical Role of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Inhibition in Renal Cancer: A Focus on Belzutifan
Authors: Arduini Daniela , Ciccarese Chiara , Strusi Alessandro , Beccia Viria , Pedone Romina Rose , Scala Alessandro , Sardaro Valeria , Tortora Giampaolo , Iacovelli Roberto
Published: January 2025

Systemic therapy for metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) has dramatical-ly improved in the last years because of the use of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibi-tor combinations with or without targeted therapies against the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors (VEGFR). As a result, patients with mRCC have prolonged sur-vival time, but they ultimately develop resistance and the disease progresses, which high-lights the critical need for novel treatment options.

The Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF) pathway is central to the pathophysiology of ccRCC and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. As part of the VHL-HIF-VEGF axis, the HIF-2α inhibition has been identified as a rationale target for mRCC treatment. Indeed, one such agent called belzutifan is already approved for VHL-associated RCC and other VHL-associated neoplasms, and a series of trials have indicated encouraging efficacy and good tolerability in sporadic mRCC as well. The potential inclusion of belzutifan into the mRCC treatment armamentarium either as a single agent or as combination therapy could cover the lack of therapeutic options as well as the need for a new combination in mRCC; therefore, this drug has the potential to be largely used in mRCC.

In this review, we have recapitulated the clinical data supporting the use of belzutifan in mRCC as monotherapy and the background for combination with other agents as well as its safety profile.
Clinical Application of PARP1 Inhibitors and Challenges in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Luo Yunlin , Nie Mingcheng , Chen Yuekang , Huang Xinyu , Cui Xuehai , Lin Wan , Xu Liyan , Li Enmin , Cheng Yinwei
Published: January 2025

Among the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) family in mammals, PARP1 is
the first identified and well-studied member that plays a critical role in DNA damage repair
and has been proven to be an effective target for cancer therapy. Here, we have reviewed not
only the role of PARP1 in different DNA damage repair pathways, but also the working mechanisms
of several PARP inhibitors (PARPi), inhibiting Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation)
processing and PAR chains production to trap PARP1 on impaired DNA and inducing Transcription-
replication Conflicts (TRCs) by inhibiting the PARP1 activity. This review has systematically
summarized the latest clinical application of six authorized PARPi, including
olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib, fuzuloparib and pamiparib, in monotherapy and
combination therapies with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, in different
kinds of cancer. Furthermore, probable challenges in PARPi application and drug resistance
mechanisms have also been discussed. Despite these challenges, further development of new
PARP1 inhibitors appears promising as a valuable approach to cancer treatment.
A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges
Authors: Vosoughi Pegah , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Rahmanian Mehdi , Mozafari M. R.
Published: January 2025

Ongoing research and development efforts are currently focused on creating COVID-19
vaccines using a variety of platforms. Among these, mRNA technology stands out as a cuttingedge
method for vaccine development. There is a growing public awareness of mRNA and its potential
in vaccine development. Despite being relatively recent, extensive scientific research has
been dedicated to vaccines for a considerable period. mRNA vaccines are created by synthesizing
the spike protein from a DNA template. This review delves into the various aspects of these vaccines
and thoroughly explores the intricacies of COVID-19 vaccinations. It is essential to choose a
reliable, efficient, and widely accessible vaccine to combat COVID-19. However, due to the possibility
of virus mutations, developing a dependable and safe vaccine is crucial to prepare for future
outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Meanwhile, concerns remain regarding the potential risks
associated with these vaccines.
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Improve Endothelial Function
and Arterial Stiffness in Diabetic Individuals: A Systematic Review and
Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri
Published: January 2025

Introduction::

Sodium Glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) possess pleiotropic
effects, such as antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and vascular remodeling activities. Considering
the lack of literature, a network meta-analysis was conducted to explore the impact of
SGLT2is on endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in the diabetic population.

Methods::

Electronic databases were searched to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the
effects of SGLT2is on outcomes, such as Flow-mediated Vasodilation (FMV), Pulse Wave Velocity
(PWV), and Augmentation Index (AIx). Direct, indirect, and mixed treatment comparisons generated
pooled estimates using random-effects modeling. Effect sizes were reported as Hedges' g with 95%
Confidence Interval (95% CI). Bootstrap and permutation meta-analyses were performed using ranking
plots. The certainty of evidence was graded.

Results::

Twelve low risk of bias articles (706 participants) were included. SGLT2is were associated
with significant improvements in FMV (g: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88), confirmed by bootstrap metaanalysis
(g: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.85) and permutation meta-analysis of FMD (g: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.05,
0.9). Within SGLT2is, dapagliflozin (g: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.65) and empagliflozin (g: 0.66; 95%
CI: -0.65, 1.97) significantly improved FMV, and dapagliflozin (g: -0.61, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.24) and
tofogliflozin (g: -3.51; 95% CI: -4.05, -2.98) significantly improved PWV. A low risk of publication
bias was observed, and the ranking plots revealed dapagliflozin to have the best probability (0.99) of
being the most effective for improving FMV. Low certainty of evidence was observed for all outcomes.

Conclusion::

SGLT2 inhibitors improve endothelial function and arterial stiffness in the diabetic
population. Clinical studies evaluating the association between improvements in endothelial function
with SGLT2is and reduced adverse cardiovascular and cardiorenal events and mortality are urgently
needed.
Allylic Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates with In Situ
Generated Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Shen Li-Wen , Zhao Qin , Zhou Lu-Xin , Liu Hui-Mei , Jia Yun-Qing , Xiang Min , Wang Guang-Wei
Published: January 2025

The allylation reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates is an effective method for
constructing C-C bonds. Yang's group has utilized azomethine ylides, which are generated in situ
from 2-aminomalonate and ortho-amino benzaldehydes, to engage in allylation reactions with MBH
carbonates. Despite the initial substrate specificity that confined the reaction to ortho-amino benzaldehydes,
rendering benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde ineffective for producing the desired adducts,
our group has made a significant advancement. By employing diethyl amino malonate hydrochloride
as the substrate, we have successfully integrated benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde into this reaction
framework, thereby broadening the versatility of the process. This strategy demonstrates excellent
substrate tolerance and provides the corresponding adducts with yields up to 99%. The gram-scale
synthesis and subsequent product derivatization highlight the significant applicability of this method.
Effects of EX-PLISSIT Sex Counseling on Sexual Self-Concepts of Brides-To-Be: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Nematzadeh Maryam , Bani Soheila , Alizadeh Mahasti , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Hasanpour Shirin
Published: January 2025

Background:

Considering the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions among Iranian women
and the effects of sexual self-concepts on sexual performance, further studies on the effects of sex
counseling on the sexual self-concepts of brides-to-be seem necessary.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of EX-PLISSIT sex counseling on
the sexual self-concepts of brides-to-be.

Method:

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 64 women visiting the premarital
counseling centers of Tabriz, Iran, in 2022. The 15-plus-year-old brides-to-be were selected as
participants and were then assigned to intervention and control groups with a randomized block design.
Participants in the intervention group attended four 60–90-minute individual counseling sessions
with an interval of one week in accordance with the EX-PLISSIT model, whereas those in the
control group received routine premarital counseling. The researcher interviewed all participants before
and four weeks after the intervention and then completed the Multidimensional Sexual Self-
Concept Questionnaire and the Sexual Dysfunctional Belief Questionnaire.

Results:

Results showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in
terms of demographics and the baseline scores of sexual self-concept and sexual dysfunction beliefs.
The post-intervention mean score of negative sexual self-concept was significantly lower in
the intervention group than in the control group (mean difference=-5.8, 95% confidence interval: -
3.3 to -8.2, p<0.001), and the post-intervention mean score of situational self-concept was significantly
higher in the intervention group than the control group (mean difference=3.0, 95% confidence
interval: 0.9 to 5.1, p=0.004). However, results indicated no significant differences between
the two groups in the post-intervention mean score of positive sexual self-concept (mean difference=-
0.5, 95% confidence interval: -5.1 to 4.0, p=0.815). In addition, the post-intervention mean
score of sexual dysfunction beliefs was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control
group (mean difference=-15.3, 95% confidence interval: -20.1 to -10.5, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

The findings indicated the positive effects of EX-PLISSIT sex counseling on negative
and situational sexual self-concept and sexual dysfunction beliefs in brides-to-be. Hence, this model
is recommended to be used in combination with other sex counseling methods in order to improve
the sexual health of brides-to-be.
Brewing Industry By-products: An Innovative Alternative to Hyaluronic
Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Martins Vaniele Bugoni , Moreira Tatianne Dias , da Silva Júnior Afonso Henrique , Sayer Claudia , de Mello Josiane Maria Muneron , Immich Ana Paula
Published: January 2025

As beer malt bagasse, agro-industrial by-products have raised significant environmental
and economic concerns due to their improper disposal and negative impact on process efficiency.
Often regarded as waste, these by-products contribute to environmental degradation and resource
inefficiency. However, when viewed as potential resources, they offer new opportunities. Beer malt
bagasse shows excellent potential as a substrate for cultivating Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a bacterium
that produces hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is a high-value biopolymer with wide applications
in medicine, biomedicine, food, and cosmetics. Its distinctive properties—such as biocompatibility,
viscoelasticity, and moisture retention—make it highly desirable across industries. As a result,
the demand for hyaluronic acid has grown significantly in recent years, emphasizing the need for
sustainable production methods that meet market demands while reducing environmental impact.
Traditional production methods often depend on animal-derived sources or synthetic processes, both
of which pose sustainability challenges. This review presents a sustainable alternative: utilizing
brewing industry by-products as an eco-friendly and cost-effective source for hyaluronic acid production.
This approach aims to create a more sustainable and economically viable production process
by harnessing beer malt bagasse, a readily available and low-cost substrate.
Investigation of the Essential and Non-essential Element Contents of Some Aromatic Coffees and Effect of Sugar Addition
Authors: Uygunoz Deniz , Fercan Melek Merve , Kipcak Azmi Seyhun , Derun Emek Moroydor
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

In this study, the contents of essential and non-essential elements in the
sugary and sugar-free varieties of aromatic coffees produced in Turkey were decided, and the effect
of sugar addition was examined.

method:

For this purpose, essential (Mg, Se, B, Na, Ca, K, Co, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mo, P and Zn) and
non-essential (As, Ba, Al, Cd, Ti, Ni, Sb and Pb) element contents of the aromatic coffees (sugary
and sugar-free) (Classic, Gum Mastic, Gum Mastic Turkish Coffee, Hazelnut, Caramel and Turkish
Coffee) supplied from a single brand were detected by using ICP-OES. The effects of the elements
taken into the body by the consumption of coffee varieties on health and how much of an individual’s
daily requirements are met were investigated. Thus, the place and importance of coffee consumption
in nutrition have been determined. For coffee consumption of 3 cups, the intake amounts of
selected elements were calculated. Furthermore, a risk assessment study was performed by utilizing
the non-essential element concentrations of selected coffees.

results:

Experimental results showed that K is the most ample essential element in all types of coffee,
and it has been proven that K ingestion encounters the daily requirement of 1% to 2% for adults.

conclusion:

According to the risk assessment results, the hazard index was calculated for 3 cups of
each coffee type intake as less than 1, and these coffees may be classified in the low-risk group.
Empagliflozin Ameliorates the Oxidative Stress Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: Results of a
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study
Authors: Eshraghi Azadeh , Khalesi Somayeh , Amini Kiumarth , Salleh Fahmi Hassan , Sharifikia Mahdis , Hajmiri Minoo Sadat , Zamanirafe Maryam , Yazdi Amirhossein , Mehrpooya Maryam
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

In the present study, we evaluated the impact of empagliflozin on serum
levels of oxidative stress parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who also suffer
from heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).

Methods:

In this prospective, single-center clinical trial, 80 patients with T2DM and HFrEF, stabilized
on guideline-directed heart failure therapy and classified as New York Heart Association
functional (NYHA) functional classes II or III, were randomized to receive either empagliflozin
(10 mg/daily) or a matching placebo for a duration of 12 weeks. Serum levels of malondialdehyde
(MDA), along with the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx),
were measured at baseline and after the 12-week treatment period.

Results:

The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the randomized patients were
comparable across the study groups. As anticipated, empagliflozin demonstrated a significant reduction
in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to the placebo
after 12 weeks of treatment. Additionally, in comparison to the placebo, empagliflozin significantly
increased the antioxidant capacity by elevating serum activity of SOD and GPx, while reducing
oxidative damage, as evidenced by diminished MDA levels. Empagliflozin-treated patients
also experienced greater improvement in their NYHA functional classes by week 12, though no
significant changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) were observed.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study shed light on the potential mechanisms through which
SGLT2 inhibitors exert their beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with
HFrEF. This provides compelling evidence supporting the cardio-protective of SGLT2 inhibitors
in this patient population.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical
Trials (https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/72825, identifier code: IRCT20120215009014N484). Registration
date: 2022-09-30.
Finite Element Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Torsion
Authors: Werdina Ghassan M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study has investigated the behavior and strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete slabs under torsion using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The research has focused on the effects of steel fiber volume ratio and reinforcement bar size on the torsional properties of concrete slabs.

Methods

A 3D solid element model with non-linear analysis has been employed using ABAQUS software to simulate the behavior of fifteen square slabs with varying fiber volume ratios and reinforcement bar sizes. The analysis has assessed the torsional properties, including cracking moment, yielding moment, ultimate moment, and stiffness.

Results

The results have indicated that using steel fibers could enhance the torsional cracking, yielding, and ultimate moments. The torsional ultimate moment has increased between 3% to 4% by using fibers with a volume ratio of 0.5%, but it has increased between 106% to 148% by using fibers with a volume ratio of 2%. The study has concluded the proper volume ratio of fibers to improve the torsional ultimate moment to be between 1% to 2%. Moreover, an increase in reinforcement bar size has led to a higher torsional ultimate moment.

Conclusion

The torsional stiffness of slabs in uncracked phases has been found to be about 14.4-30.9 times the stiffness in the cracked phase. Fiber reinforcement has been found to lead to an increase in the stiffness of the cracked phase.
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Herbal Drugs for the Management of
Breast Cancer: An Update
Authors: Seksaria kriti , Patial Damini , Aneja Aarzoo , Arora Pinky , Kumar Shubham
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Breast cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, prompting extensive research
into alternative therapies, such as herbal medicine. This review paper will provide insight into
the potential of four herbal remedies, namely Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Hibiscus, Artemisia annua
(sweet wormwood), and Moringa oleifera, in the management of breast cancer. Thymus vulgaris
exhibits anti-cancer properties through its bioactive compounds, including thymol and carvacrol,
which demonstrate cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells. Hibiscus extracts have been shown
to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress tumor growth by targeting
various molecular pathways. Artemisia annua, particularly its active component artemisinin, exhibits
promising anti-cancer effects through the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and
modulation of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. Additionally, Moringa oleifera, rich in
bioactive compounds like quercetin and kaempferol, exhibits anti-cancer properties by inhibiting cell
proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing metastasis in breast cancer. These herbal remedies
offer potential avenues for further investigation as adjunct therapies or standalone treatments for
breast cancer management. However, rigorous clinical trials are warranted to elucidate their efficacy,
safety profiles, and optimal dosages for clinical use.
Computational Analysis of Diabetes Kidney Diseases Using Machine Learning
Authors: Chandra Ganesh , Tiwari Namita , Mahor Urmila , Pal Parashuram , Yadav Vikash , Mishra Deepak Kumar
Published: January 2025

The increasing complexity of healthcare, coupled with an ageing population, poses significant
challenges for decision-making in healthcare delivery. Implementing smart decision support
systems can indeed alleviate some of these challenges by providing clinicians with timely and
personalized insights. These systems can leverage vast amounts of patient data, advanced analytics,
and predictive modeling to offer clinicians a comprehensive view of individual patient needs
and potential outcomes.

Currently, researchers and doctors need a faster solution for various diseases in health care. So
they started to use the Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for better solution. ML is a sub field of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) that provides a useful tool for data analysis, automatic process and others
for healthcare system. The use of ML is increasing continuously in healthcare system due to its
learning power.

In this paper the following algorithms are used for the diagnosis of Diabetes and Kidney Disease
such as: Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), Random Forest Classifier (RFC), Extra Trees Classifier
(ETC), Support Vector Classifier (SVC) and Multilayer Perceptron (MNP) Neural Network,
In our model, Gradient Boosting Classifier is used with repeated cross validation to develop our system
for better results. The experiment analysis performed for both unbalanced and balanced dataset. The
accuracy achieved in case of unbalanced and balanced datasets for GBC, ETC, RFC SVC, MLP &
DTC are 75.7 & 92.2, 75.7 & 90.1, 74.4 & 80.0, 62.5 & 66.4, 58.3 & 63.0 and 59.4 & 74.5 respectively.
On comparing these results, we found that GBC results are better than other algorithms.