bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affine curves with infinitely many integral points
Authors: Poulakis Dimitrios
Published: January 2003

Let

C
⊂

A

n

C \subset {\mathbf {A}}^{n}

be an irreducible affine curve of (geometric) genus 0 defined by a finite family of polynomials having integer coefficients. In this note we give a necessary and sufficient condition for

C
C

to possess infinitely many integer points, correcting a statement of J. H. Silverman (Theoret. Comput. Sci., 2000).
Existence and nonexistence of global solutions of some non-local degenerate parabolic systems
Authors: Deng Weibing , Li Yuxiang , Xie Chunhong
Published: January 2003

This paper establishes a new criterion for global existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of the non-local degenerate parabolic system
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartLayout 1st Row 1st Column u Subscript t 2nd Column a m p semicolon equals v Superscript p Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Delta u plus a integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts v d x right-parenthesis comma v Subscript t Baseline 3rd Column a m p semicolon equals u Superscript q Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Delta v plus b integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts u d x right-parenthesis comma x element-of normal upper Omega comma t greater-than 0 comma EndLayout">

u
t

a
m
p
;
=

v
p

(
Δ
u
+
a

∫
Ω

v
d
x
)

,

v
t

a
m
p
;
=

u
q

(
Δ
v
+
b

∫
Ω

u
d
x
)

,

x
∈
Ω
,
t
>
0
,

\begin{align*} u_t&=v^p\left (\Delta u+a\int _\Omega v dx\right ), v_t&=u^q\left (\Delta v+b\int _\Omega u dx\right ),\quad x\in \Omega , t>0, \end{align*}

with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions, where

Ω
⊂

R

N

\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N

is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

and

p
,
q
,
a
,
b

p, q, a, b

are positive constants. For all initial data, it is proved that there exists a global positive solution iff

∫
Ω

φ
(
x
)
d
x
≤
1

/

a
b

\int _\Omega \varphi (x) dx\leq 1/\sqrt {ab}

, where

φ
(
x
)

\varphi (x)

is the unique positive solution of the linear elliptic problem
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="minus normal upper Delta phi left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals 1 comma x element-of normal upper Omega semicolon phi left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals 0 comma x element-of partial-differential normal upper Omega period">

−
Δ
φ
(
x
)
=
1
,
x
∈
Ω
;
φ
(
x
)
=
0
,
x
∈
∂
Ω
.

-\Delta \varphi (x)=1, x\in \Omega ; \varphi (x)=0, x\in \partial \Omega .
Van der Waerden spaces and Hindman spaces are not the same
Authors: Kojman Menachem , Shelah Saharon
Published: January 2003

A Hausdorff topological space

X
X

is van der Waerden if for every sequence

(

x
n

)

n
∈
ω

(x_n)_{n\in \omega }

in

X
X

there is a converging subsequence

(

x
n

)

n
∈
A

(x_n)_{n\in A}

where

A
⊆
ω

A\subseteq \omega

contains arithmetic progressions of all finite lengths. A Hausdorff topological space

X
X

is Hindman if for every sequence

(

x
n

)

n
∈
ω

(x_n)_{n\in \omega }

in

X
X

there is an IP-converging subsequence

(

x
n

)

n
∈
F
S
(
B
)

(x_n)_{n\in FS(B)}

for some infinite

B
⊆
ω

B\subseteq \omega

. We show that the continuum hypothesis implies the existence of a van der Waerden space which is not Hindman.
Lie algebras and separable morphisms in pro-affine algebraic groups
Authors: Nahlus Nazih
Published: January 2003

Let

K
K

be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic, and let

f
:
G
→
H

f:G\rightarrow H

be a surjective morphism of connected pro-affine algebraic groups over

K
K

. We show that if

f
f

is bijective and separable, then

f
f

is an isomorphism of pro-affine algebraic groups. Moreover,

f
f

is separable if and only if (its differential)

f
o

f^o

is surjective. Furthermore, if

f
f

is separable, then

L

(
Ker
⁡
f
)
=
Ker
⁡

f
o

{\mathcal L}(\operatorname {Ker}f)=\operatorname {Ker} f^o

.
An inverse problem for an inhomogeneous conformal Killing field equation
Authors: Sun Ziqi
Published: January 2003

Let

g
g

be a

C

2
,
α

C^{2,\alpha }

Riemannian metric defined on a bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R
2

\Omega \subset R^2

with

C

3
,
α

C^{3,\alpha }

boundary and let

X
X

be a

C

2
,
α

C^{2,\alpha }

vector field on

Ω
¯

\bar {\Omega }

satisfying

X

|

∂
Ω

=
0

X|_{\partial \Omega }=0

. We show that if

l
l

is a gradient field of a solution

u
u

to the equation

△
g

u
−

⟨

∇

g

σ
,

∇
g

u

⟩

g

=
0

\triangle _gu-\bigl \langle \nabla _{g\,}\sigma ,\,\nabla _gu\bigr \rangle _g=0

on

Ω
\Omega

, then both inner products

⟨

l
,
X

⟩

g

\bigl \langle l,X\bigr \rangle _g\,

and

⟨

l
⊥

,
X

⟩

g

\bigl \langle l^\perp ,X\bigr \rangle _g\,

are uniquely determined by the restriction of the tensor
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper L Subscript upper X Baseline left-parenthesis g right-parenthesis minus left-parenthesis e Superscript sigma Baseline nabla Subscript g Baseline dot left-parenthesis e Superscript negative sigma Baseline upper X right-parenthesis right-parenthesis g">

L

X

(
g
)
−
(

e
σ

∇

g

⋅
(

e

−
σ

X
)
)
g

{\mathcal L}_X(g)-(e^\sigma \,\nabla _{g}\cdot (e^{-\sigma }X)) g

to the gradient field

l
l

, where

L

X

(
g
)

{\mathcal L}_X(g)

is the Lie derivative of the metric tensor

g
g

under the vector field

X
X

and

σ
=
l
o
g

d
e
t
(
g
)

\sigma =log\sqrt {det(g)}

. This work solves a problem related to an inverse boundary value problem for nonlinear elliptic equations.
Classification of limiting shapes for isotropic curve flows
Authors: Andrews Ben
Published: January 2003

A complete classification is given of curves in the plane which contract homothetically when evolved according to a power of their curvature. Applications are given to the limiting behaviour of the flows in various situations.
Expanded conversations: collaborating for student learning: introduction to the special LOEX‐of‐the‐West 2002 issue
Authors: Bell Colleen
Published: January 2003

Provides an introduction to the papers of the LOEX‐of‐the‐West which concentrated on the theme of collaboration and partnership within the academic library to improve student learning. Looks at the development of information literacy and how academic libraries can use this to expand the field of student learning. Concludes that information technology has changed the face of teaching and learning, offering the opportunity to find and collaborate with new partners.
Conversations betwixt and between: guiding principles
Authors: Barnes Whyte Susan
Published: January 2003

Four guiding principles are suggested to teaching librarians as ways to frame the conversations with ourselves, our partners in the academy, and with our students. True collaboration happens as a consequence of good conversations. Conversations take time, patience, the ability to listen, and the ability to change.
Web tutorials and scalable instruction: testing the waters
Authors: Bracke Paul J. , Dickstein Ruth
Published: January 2003

In an effort to meet the challenge of providing students in a large general education course with effective library instruction, a pilot project of using a Web tutorial was tested. This article describes librarian collaboration with faculty in the development of a Web tutorial and supplementary course materials over the course of three semesters. The success of the original experiment convinced the teaching assistants and faculty member to incorporate the tutorial into the class syllabus. Unique to this Web tutorial is the continued involvement of the librarian in responding to each student. This successful instructional tool has been adapted for other courses, and can be a model for reaching large numbers of students.
Management development: hoax or hero?
Authors: Joy Mighty E. , Ashton William
Published: January 2003

Management development programs are often regarded as essential for the preparation of managers who are presumed to be responsible for the future success of their organizations. At other times, such programs have been criticized as being irrelevant to the actual practice of management. This paper explores the effectiveness of one management development program from the perspective of its graduates, who reported that the program positively impacted them as well as their organizations. In particular, they perceived that the program had an enormous impact on their career advancement and professional development. Many of the graduates did not believe that the program helped their organizations with management succession planning and achieving gender equity in management. However, the majority perceived that it did increase their organizations’ capacity to remain relevant to their changing environment and to deal with future management challenges, including the management of change.
Evaluating outdoor experiential training for leadership and team building
Authors: Williams Scott D. , Graham T. Scott , Baker Bud
Published: January 2003

Advocates of outdoor experiential training (OET) fervently believe in its efficacy, but often have difficulty mustering “hard data” on the business results attributable to OET. OET adherents tend to rely on testimonials of how it promotes leadership and team development. Return on investment (ROI) analysis is perhaps the best way to demonstrate the impact of OET. ROI calculations treat leadership and team development training expenditures as an investment and evaluate the financial returns to an organization relative to that investment. This paper outlines a model by which the ROI of OET can be calculated, and encourages research in this area.
Creating High-Level Components with a Generative Representation for Body-Brain Evolution
Authors: Hornby Gregory S. , Pollack Jordan B.
Published: January 2003

One of the main limitations of scalability in body-brain evolution systems is the representation chosen for encoding creatures. This paper defines a class of representations called generative representations, which are identified by their ability to reuse elements of the genotype in the translation to the phenotype. This paper presents an example of a generative representation for the concurrent evolution of the morphology and neural controller of simulated robots, and also introduces GENRE, an evolutionary system for evolving designs using this representation. Applying GENRE to the task of evolving robots for locomotion and comparing it against a non-generative (direct) representation shows that the generative representation system rapidly produces robots with significantly greater fitness. Analyzing these results shows that the generative representation system achieves better performance by capturing useful bias from the design space and by allowing viable large scale mutations in the phenotype. Generative representations thereby enable the encapsulation, coordination, and reuse of assemblies of parts.
Hydroelasticity of an infinitely long plate in oblique waves: Linear Green-Naghdi theory
Authors: Kim J W , Ertekin R C
Published: January 2003

The Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) theory is developed, within the assumptions of linearity, to analyse the hydroelastic response of an infinitely long elastic plate of finite width. The plate is freely floating on the free surface of finite depth and in regular oblique waves. An equation of motion is obtained that is similar to the shallow-water wave equation of Stoker, but which possesses an improved dispersion relation and includes the added-mass force due to the vertical motion of the fluid column. Comparisons with the available experimental data for the special case of beam seas show good agreement with the present theory. An explicit solution is also obtained when the plate is very wide. A local analysis near the critical wave number is made for the solution, and it is shown that the deflection of the plate, not necessarily at its edges, can be made arbitrarily large by increasing the width of the plate.
Route Towards New Heteroaromatic Benzo[1,4]dioxine Derivatives
Authors: Storsberg Joachim , Schollmeyer Dieter , Ritter Helmut
Published: January 2003

2H-[1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-c]pyrrole- and thieno[3,4-b][1,4]benzodioxine derivatives were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of halogenated benzene derivatives with the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxythiophene or pyrrole derivatives.
Boron Trifluoride Mediated Allylation of Aromatic α-Bromoketones by Allyltributyltin
Authors: Miyake Hideyoshi , Hirai Ryo , Nakajima Yoshie , Sasaki Mitsuru
Published: January 2003

Replacement of bromine atom of aromatic α-brormoketones by allyltributyltin in the presence of BF3 was described. The reaction proceeds with or without migration of the aryl group, depending on the structure of the α-bromoketone.
Atypical presentation of HIV seroconversion illness in a young woman
Authors: Aldeen T , Mantell J
Published: January 2003

Early detection and counselling of HIV-infected individuals can have an impact on prevention of HIV transmission. We describe an atypical presentation of an HIV seroconversion illness in a woman.
Genital mycoplasmas, including Mycoplasma genitalium, as sexually transmitted agents
Authors: Uusküla Anneli , Kohl Peter K
Published: January 2003

Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms, widespread in nature. Several mycoplasma species have been isolated from humans. For 6 of them: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, M. primatum, M. genitalium, M. spermatophilum and M. penetrans, the genital tract is the main site of colonization. This review is concentrated on the role of mycoplasmas as sexually transmitted agents, with the emphasis to M. genitalium infections. M. hominis and U. urealyticum are isolated from the genital tract of healthy men and women with considerable frequency. The biological features (attachment properties, possible intracellular location) and experimental inoculation studies of M. genitalium indicate that this mycoplasma has pathogenic potential. Data from case-control studies, looking at men with non-gonococcal urethritis and women with cervicitis, have revealed that M. genitalium behave similarly to Chlamydia trachomatis and have revealed that carriage of M. genitalium and C. trachomatis is usually independent of one another. M. genitalium could be considered as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis in men, including men with persistent or recurrent urethritis. More studies are expected to ascertain the role of M. genitalium in the female genital tract. Evidence-based data are needed to decide whether current non-gonococcal infection treatment principles are applicable or not for M. genitalium infections.
Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from hospital and community isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism
Authors: Bindu M P , Rajendran P , Thyagarajan S P , Pramod N P , Rao Usha Anand , Ganapathy M , Kurien T
Published: January 2003

Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are generally characterized by auxotyping, serotyping, plasmid profile, antibiotic sensitivity and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) amplification fingerprinting. The aim of this study was to analyse the generation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns by BgIII digestion of total genomic DNA of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from the community ( n =30) and the hospital ( n =15) and to establish an association with serogrouping and antibiogram. The RFLP patterns produced by BgIII restriction digestion showed 7 different patterns among 30 community isolates and 9 different patterns among 15 hospital isolates. 66.7% of isolates belonged to serogroup WI. Penicillin resistance was observed in 46.7% of community isolates and 66.7% hospital isolates. However, penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were lower in the community (6.6%) than in the hospital isolates (53.3%). PPNG strains were more often seen in serogroup WI. This is the first Indian report on RFLP genotype pattern in N. gonorrhoeae. We noted differences in RFLP genotypes of the community (RFLP types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) and hospital strains (RFLP types 6 and 8), while no differences in the serogroup were observed. Ciprofloxacin resistance was 20.0% and 26.6% in the community and hospital isolates, respectively. Ceftriaxone emerges as the current drug of choice for an effective policy of antibiotic treatment of gonorrhoea through syndromic management in developing countries.
Urinary tract infection in patients with acute non-gonococcal urethritis
Authors: Leung Andrew , Taylor Shaw , Smith Angela , Spencer Robert , Horner Paddy
Published: January 2003

In young sexually active male patients, clinical differentiation between non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and urinary tract infection (UTI) can be difficult. UTI as a cause of NGU has been suggested before, but the prevalence of UTI among acute NGU patients has not been evaluated. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of 156 male patients with clinical features of acute urethritis. The prevalence of UTI among acute NGU patients was 6.4% (CI: 1.5–11.3%). There was a possible association between UTI and NGU but this was not statistically significant. The sensitivity and specificity for combining leucocyte esterase and nitrite tests were 83.3% and 89.8% respectively, with a negative predictive value of 98.8%. We conclude that a mid-stream urine specimen should routinely be collected in patients with symptoms of urethritis. This should be analysed by dipsticks incorporating nitrite and leucocyte esterase tests. Those with a positive dipstick should then be confirmed by culture.
Coitarche and care: does experience of the 'looked after' system affect timing of a woman's sexual debut?
Authors: Crocker A R , Carlin E M
Published: January 2003

Women with an early coitarche may be less connected to home than those with a later coitarche and are more at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Children in care or the 'looked after' system feel less connected. We investigated whether women ever in care (WEIC) differed from women never in care (WNIC) in terms of coitarche and STIs using self-reported data from women attending Genitourinary Medicine clinics. Of the 336 women participating 17 women had experienced care, of whom 13 (76.5%) had coitarche below 16 years of age; of these five (38.5%) had used a condom at coitarche and three (60%) with genital infections had gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection or pelvic inflammatory disease. This compared with 112 (35.1%), 70 (62.5%) and 29 (40.8%), respectively for WNIC. WEIC are more likely to have early coitarche; if this is below 16 years subsequent genital infections are more likely to be fertility-threatening.
A behaviour sentinel surveillance for female sex workers in the Social Hygiene Service in Hong Kong (1999–2000)
Authors: Chan Michael Kam Tim , Ho King Man , Lo Kuen Kong
Published: January 2003

Behavioural serial sentinel surveillance survey for female sex workers (FSWs) was carried out in the Government Social Hygiene Clinics in Hong Kong during 1999 and 2000. A total of 1366 and 1451 FSWs participated in the questionnaire survey respectively. The results showed that the majority of FSWs attending the clinics were of Chinese ethnicity (83.8%, 87.6%) while Thai (13.0%, 9.4%) and Filipino (2.1%, 2.7%) were the main foreign ethnic groups. The karaoke night club was the most frequent reported workplace (32.0%, 32.6%) followed by a club (8.9%, 11.7%) and free-lancing (8.6%, 9.0%). The proportion of FSWs who always used condoms in vaginal sex with commercial sex partners was 70.9% and 75.0% respectively ( P = 0.038). Compared with previous results, a rising trend of condom use by FSWs in commercial sex was observed. However, there was a relatively low condom use during commercial oral sexual intercourse (30.7%, 36.6%) and sex with their regular sex partners in all forms of sexual activities. Client dislike is the main attributed factor for not wearing condoms. The point prevalence of both infectious syphilis and HIV infection was 0.1% in both years. These data are useful for planning, resource allocation and evaluation of outreach activities and STI services targeting at FSWs and their clients. They provide a sampling framework for further surveillance.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Nuuk, Greenland during 1998–1999
Authors: Dragsted D , Poulsen P , Nørgaard C , Lind I
Published: January 2003

Sixty-one gonococcal strains isolated in Greenland during 1998-1999 were tested locally for susceptibility to penicillin and ciprofloxacin by a disc diffusion method (Rosco®) and at the reference laboratory in Copenhagen by the agar dilution method and the E-test®, showed that more than 60% of the strains were less susceptible or resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 0.25 mg/L), indicating that penicillin should not be used as a first line drug for the treatment of gonorrhoea in Greenland. The Rosco® disc diffusion method only identified 8% of strains as less susceptible to penicillin. Ciprofloxacin can still be used as a first line drug for treatment of gonorrhoea in Greenland since decreased susceptibility was only seen in one imported strain. However, the decreased susceptibility in this strain was not identified by the Rosco® disc diffusion test, therefore the future local surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae will be based on MIC determinations.
AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a high HIV prevalence area in rural northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Hartung T K , Nash J , Ngubane N , Fredlund V G
Published: January 2003

The objective was to assess AIDS awareness and sexual behaviour in a rural South African community with a high HIV prevalence. One hundred clinic attenders underwent a structured interview using a standard questionnaire. Although the 64 female and 36 male patients, mean age 22 (range 13–45), had good knowledge of AIDS-related issues, only 50 perceived HIV/AIDS as a common problem. Of the 75 patients who were sexually active only 30 (40%) used condoms (men 16; 55% vs women 14; 30%, P = 0.033) despite being better informed about the protective effect of condoms (active 61; 81% vs abstinent 14; 56%, P = 0.011). More men than women admitted to multiple sexual partners (17; 47% vs 7; 11%, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, despite a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS issues, self-perceived risk was low, condom use was infrequent and especially men continued to have multiple sexual partners. Awareness has yet to translate into reduction of risk behaviour.
Which patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics have HIV tests?
Authors: Wickramasinghe T K , Rogstad K E
Published: January 2003

To identify factors associated with uptake of HIV testing a questionnaire was given to patients attending a GUM clinic over a three-week period. One hundred and twenty (69.4%) of 189 patients accepted and 53 (30.6%) refused testing. Variables associated with having a HIV test were: being tested previously ( P = 0.045), given a leaflet about testing ( P = 0.001), told about the window period ( P = 0.006), told about availability of counselling ( P = 0.030), given insurance advice ( P = 0.014), and a past history of sexually transmitted infections ( P = 0.044). Most patients perceived a low risk of being HIV positive ( n = 143, 75.7%) with no difference between those accepting or declining testing. The principal reason for testing was a check-up, and for refusal was a lack of perceived risk. Patients who are well informed about HIV testing are more likely to accept a test.
Periurethral abscess complicating male gonococcal urethritis treated by surgical incision and drainage
Authors: Komolafe A J , Cornford P A , Fordham M V P , Timmins D J
Published: January 2003

Gonococcal urethritis in a heterosexual male complicated by periurethral abscess and its treatment with antibiotics and surgical drainage is presented.
FREQUENCY INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE FOR BROADBAND PARABOLIC EQUATION CALCULATIONS
Authors: HEANEY KEVIN D. , KUPERMAN W. A.
Published: January 2003

A method is developed for increasing the efficiency of broadband parabolic equation modeling. For broadband adiabatic mode calculations, the smoothness of the wavenumbers and mode functions in frequency permits interpolation across frequency. In order to permit frequency interpolation, the pressure field computed by the PE is transformed to mode space and the complex mode amplitudes are interpolated across frequency. For mildly range dependent environments a speed increase of a factor of ten can be achieved. A convergence test of propagation through internal waves indicates that a frequency interpolation across four frequencies is possible.
NONLINEAR QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR
Authors: LIU H. C. , DUPONT E. , ERSHOV M.
Published: January 2003

Nonlinear processes in quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP) are reviewed. Being an intersubband dipole transition based photoconductor, the nonlinear behaviors in QWIPs are caused by both the (extrinsic) photoconductive transport mechanism and (intrinsic) nonlinear optical processes. Extrinsic nonlinearity leads to a degradation of QWIP performance at high incident power or low operating temperatures. Some intrinsic nonlinear QWIP properties are useful in applications, such as in autocorrelation of short pulses by two-photon absorption. The general area of QWIP nonlinear properties has not been extensively investigated. We point out some directions for further studies and hope to stimulate more research activities.
A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF THE EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF SODIUM HYALURONATE AND HYLAN G-F 20 IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE
Authors: Pritchard Charles H. , Sripada Padma , Bankes Patricia F. , Smith David G. , Schneider Doron
Published: January 2003

This pilot study retrospectively compares the efficacy and side effects reported with sodium hyaluronate and hylan G-F 20 (hylan) in the treatment of knee pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Patients responded to a questionnaire that assessed pain at rest, pain with weight bearing, mobility, frequency of night-time awakenings, medication use, and side effects pre- and post-injection of sodium hyaluronate (n = 42) or hylan (n = 57). Pain at rest and with activity, mobility, and night-time awakenings were significantly improved with both treatments. Hylan was significantly better than sodium hyaluronate in improving mobility (p = 0.052), relieving pain with weight bearing (p = 0.017), and reducing frequency of night-time awakenings (p = 0.002). When controlling for baseline pain, the latter two variables (p = 0.03 and 0.005, respectively) remained better with hylan than sodium hyaluronate. Post-injection pain was the predominant side effect (sodium hyaluronate 21%; hylan 18%) and was similar between treatments. While both therapies benefited patients with similar tolerability, patients reported greater efficacy with hylan than sodium hyaluronate in relieving pain with weight bearing, reducing night-time awakenings, and improving mobility in OA of the knee.
THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SYNOVECTOMY IN ACUTE SEPTIC ARTHRITIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN THE RABBIT KNEE JOINT
Authors: Özerdemoglu Remzi A. , Aydinli Ufuk , Yorgancigil Hüseyin , Yerci Ömer
Published: January 2003

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects and benefits of subtotal synovectomy in the early stage of septic arthritis. seventy rabbits with septic arthritis of the left knee joint were treated at 24 or 72 hours after inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus, with different treatment modalities, including antibiotic therapy, arthrotomy, irrigation, and synovectomy. At the end of the 6th week, the knee joints were removed and examined both macroscopically and histologically. It was discovered that there was more significant degeneration at the articular surface of the femur than that of the tibia. antibiotic therapy alone was found to be insufficient to prevent the degeneration of articular cartilage. performing subtotal synovectomy had no statistically significant effect 24 hours after the inoculation of bacteria. However, adding subtotal synovectomy to the surgical drainage 72 hours after inoculation resulted in significantly lesser degeneration of the articular cartilage. Sufficient drainage and irrigation of the joint associated with antibiotic treatment seems to be an adequate choice of treatment at the very early stage of septic arthritis. However, in established septic arthritis, adding subtotal synovectomy to the surgical drainage resulted in significantly lesser degeneration of the articular cartilage.
EVALUATION OF SUBSONIC INFLOW TREATMENTS FOR UNSTEADY JET FLOW
Authors: MANKBADI REDA R. , ALI AMR. A.
Published: January 2003

Linearized Euler simulations of the unsteady flow of a subsonic jet and its associated acoustic field are presented in this paper. Various subsonic inflow treatments are evaluated. Some of these treatments have been found to produce reflections at the inflow while others are reflection-free. Results are then presented for the effect of Mach number on the radiated sound. It is shown that as the Mach number increases the source becomes noncompact and the directivity is characterized by a well-defined peak. By comparing the linear prediction to the experimental results, validity range of linear approximation for subsonic jet noise is assessed.
FICTITIOUS DOMAIN METHODS FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ACOUSTIC SCATTERING PROBLEMS
Authors: HEIKKOLA ERKKI , KUZNETSOV YURI A. , LIPNIKOV KONSTANTIN N.
Published: January 2003

Efficient iterative methods for the numerical solution of three-dimensional acoustic scattering problems are considered. The underlying exterior boundary value problem is approximated by truncating the unbounded domain and by imposing a non-reflecting boundary condition on the artificial boundary. The finite element discretization of the approximate boundary value problem is performed using locally fitted meshes, and algebraic fictitious domain methods with separable preconditioners are applied to the solution of the resultant mesh equations. These methods are based on imbedding the original domain into a larger one with a simple geometry (for example, a sphere or a parallelepiped). The iterative solution method is realized in a low-dimensional subspace, and partial solution methods are applied to the linear systems with the preconditioner. The results of numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach.
LINEAR AND SECOND-ORDER NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ARRAYS OF NONCENTROSYMMETRIC GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Authors: TUOVINEN HEMMO , KAURANEN MARTTI , JEFIMOVS KONSTANTINS , VAHIMAA PASI , VALLIUS THOMAS , TURUNEN JARI , TKACHENKO NIKOLAI V. , LEMMETYINEN HELGE
Published: January 2003

The optical properties of nanoscopic arrays of metal particles are dominated by plasmon resonances and electromagnetic interaction between the particles. We use electron-beam lithography to prepare arrays of noncentrosymmetric gold particles and study their linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties. By varying the orientation of the particles in a fixed lattice, we observe shifts in the polarized linear extinction spectra. The second-harmonic generation efficiencies of the two types of samples differ by up to 60%. The results show that the properties of the samples are sensitive to the smallest details of their structure.
PHOTOINDUCED OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSATIONS AND PATTERN FORMATION IN PHOTOREFRACTIVE CRYSTALS
Authors: KUKHTAREV N. , KUKHTAREVA T. , EDWARDS M. E. , PENN B. , FRAZIER D. , ABDELDAYEM H. , BANERJEE P. P. , HUDSON T. , FRIDAY W. A.
Published: January 2003

We review our results on conversion of CW laser Ar-ion beam power into pulsating multi-channel outputs: optical, electric and piezoelectric with simultaneous dynamic pattern formation. We show, that electrical pulsations generate high-voltage signals that may be used as a driving voltage for the conventional electro-optical modulator. We have also demonstrated the possibility of synchronization of two optical pulsators, through regulated optical coupling in a photorefractive LiNbO3 crystal. Spatial distribution of scattered light is self-organized in different patterns (hexagonal and cross-type).
A Program Evaluation Strategy in a Community-Based Behavioral Health and Education Services Agency for Children and Families
Authors: Huffman Lynne , Koopman Cheryl , Blasey Christine , Botcheva Luba , Hill Kirsten E. , Marks Amy S. K. , Mcnee Irene , Nichols Mary , Dyer-Friedman Jennifer
Published: January 2003

Evaluation research and outcomes measurement in the arena of behavioral health services for children must be adapted for the community agency setting. Through evaluation research, it is possible to address service goals as well as more traditional academic research goals. This article examines a variety of activities that have been implemented to evaluate children’s behavioral and educational services in a Northern California non-profit community agency. It is noted that there are multiple formats for collecting information from and providing comments to children’s parents, their clinicians, and program administration staff, all of which can be used to effectively address service-focused evaluation research goals. Challenges to doing scientifically rigorous research in a community setting require additional considerations regarding organizational culture and structure. Based on the experiences of the authors and the experiences of others, the article describes general principles that can guide evaluation research and outcomes measurement with children and their families in the community health agency setting.
Reasons for Relocation to a Continuing Care Retirement Community
Authors: Krout John A. , Moen Phyllis , Holmes Heidi H. , Oggins Jean , Bowen Nicole
Published: January 2003

This study examines the reasons given for relocation to an upstate New York continuing care retirement community (CCRC) for 91 affluent adults ages 65 to 95 who subsequently moved to this CCRC. Reasons most frequently given for moving involved the anticipation of future needs, such as a desire for continued care, freedom from upkeep and maintenance of current residence, and the desire not to be dependent on or a burden to anyone. Reasons for relocating to this particular CCRC, include continued care, facility's reputation and management style, and it's location near family and friends. Logistic regressions reveal that demographic variables predicted the reasons for selecting this particular CCRC, namely, marital status and/or gender, education, income, and perceived health. The authors conclude that the movers to this CCRC sought to avoid potential problems of “aging in place,” and were also attracted by the nature and location of the particular CCRC they had selected.
HOME: House Of Modular Enhancement—a Tool for Modular Product Redesign
Authors: Sand J. C. , Gu P. , Watson G.
Published: January 2003

Product modularization aims to improve the overall design, manufacturing, operational, and post-retirement characteristics of products by designing or redesigning the product architectures. A successful modular product can assist the reconfiguration of products, while reducing the lead-time of design and manufacturing and improving the ability for upgrading, maintenance, customization and recycling. This paper presents a new modular design method called the House Of Modular Enhancement (HOME) for product redesign. Information from various aspects of the product design, including functional requirements, product architecture and life cycle requirements, is incorporated in the method to help ensure that a modularized product would achieve the objectives. The HOME method has been implemented in a software system. A case study will be presented to illustrate the HOME method and the software.
E-DREAM: A Web-Based Platform for Virtual Agile Manufacturing
Authors: Tang Dunbing , Zheng Li , Chin Kwai-Sang , Li Zhizhong , Liang Yulan , Jiang Xiaojian , Hu Changjian
Published: January 2003

In the emerging agile manufacturing paradigm, there is a great need for a flexible and re-configurable IT platform to form virtual enterprises. In this paper, according to the functional requirements of virtual agile manufacturing, a pragmatic Web-based platform entitled “E-DREAM” has been developed to support the virtual enterprising. Firstly, this paper discusses the E-DREAM basic architecture, infrastructure, and the global object model of E-DREAM. Next, based on the information, information interaction, and role classification, the distributed information management and role management in E-DREAM are interpreted, illustrating that the information access visibility level is dependent on the role that an agile partner plays in a VE (Virtual Enterprise). Making use of CORBA-based method, the implementation of wrapping software resources is conducted, which aims at interoperating the remote software resources. In the end, the E-DREAM prototype implementation is presented. Through the E-DREAM architecture development and prototype system implementation, we have come up with a thorough approach for building agile virtual enterprises, configuring and re-configuring working platforms for different agile partners.
Predicting Premature Termination from Counseling Using the Butcher Treatment Planning Inventory
Authors: Hatchett Gregory T. , Han Kyunghee , Cooker Philip G.
Published: January 2003

This investigation examined the extent to which premature termination from counseling could be predicted from selected scales on the Butcher Treatment Planning Inventory (BTPI). Ninety-five new clients at a university counseling center agreed to participate in the study and completed the BTPI as part of the intake evaluation. Premature termination occurred when a participant missed a scheduled appointment and unilaterally dropped out of counseling. Higher scores on Closed-Mindedness, Problems in Relationship Formation, Somatization of Conflict, Self-Oriented/Narcissism, Perceived Lack of Environmental Support, and the Treatment Difficulty Composite were associated with premature termination. The General Pathology Composite, a general index of symptomatic distress, also enhanced the prediction of premature termination by suppressing irrelevant variance in other BTPI scales. The results provide support for the validity of the BTPI in identifying clients at risk for premature termination from counseling.
Factor Structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III in Schizophrenia
Authors: Dickinson Dwight , Iannone Virginia N. , Gold James M.
Published: January 2003

This report examines and compares the factor structure of the new edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) in a sample of chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder outpatients (n = 120) and an age-matched sample of individuals drawn from the WAIS-III standardization sample (n = 200). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses similar to those reported by the developers of the scale suggested that a model of WAIS-III performance with correlated factors for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed fit the data from the schizophrenia sample as well as it fit the nonclinical comparison sample and fit the data from both samples better than alternative models.
Paper-and-Pencil Or Online?
Authors: Fouladi Rachel T. , Mccarthy Christopher J. , Moller Naomip.
Published: January 2003

The viability of using the World Wide Web to collect data from three widely used instruments by clinicians and researchers was investigated. The instruments were the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, the Negative Mood Regulation Scale, and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Data were collected from two comparable groups of college students, and differences in response patterns on paper-and-pencil and World Wide Web versions of the measures, at both the item level and scale score level, were documented. Although mode of administration effects were statistically significant, the magnitude of the effects was in general very small. The basic similarity of the properties of the measures using paper-and-pencil and online Internet modes of administration suggests the viability of the Internet for assessing these and other psychological phenomena.
Harmonious Inequality? Zoning, Public Housing, and Orlando’s Separate City, 1920-1945
Authors: Larsen Kristin
Published: January 2003

By the end of World War II, many cities had implemented zoning codes and launched public housing programs to delineate the boundaries of the African American community and to concentrate the minority population within those boundaries. Scholars have assessed how planning segregated neighborhoods in larger cities such as Chicago, New York, and Cleveland and more recently in southern cities, such as Atlanta, Richmond, and Memphis. In Orlando, Florida, a relatively small, agricultural, and tourist-based southern community, local officials marshaled an array of planning strategies to define and maintain racial boundaries while projecting an image of African American support for this system. The intent was to allay fear among tourists and potential residents that Orlando suffered from racial tension. Building on the work of Silver and Moeser, this study shows that Orlando developed a separate black city through planning for the spatial arrangement of cities on the basis of segregationist goals.
Heavy residues of soils from the lower Ord river valley, Western Australia
Authors: Carroll Dorothy
Published: January 2003

"The heavy detrital minerals in several types of alluvial soil and one soil derived from the disintegration of sandstones are described, and their value as indicators of the source material of the alluvium discussed."
Dwarfed protozoan faunas
Authors: Lalicker Cecil Gordon
Published: January 2003

It is believed dwarfed protozoan faunas are caused by variations in the kind and amount of food, temperature of the water, chemical composition and physical conditions of the water, hydrogen-ion concentration, and light. Studies and experiments of the effects of variations of these factors upon the size and shape of living protozoans are discussed. Several dwarfed foraminiferal faunas are described.
Assemblages of diminutive brachiopods and their paleoecological significance
Authors: Cloud Preston Ercelle
Published: January 2003

Assemblages of diminutive brachiopods may result from any one or any combination of the following factors: (1) actual dwarfing due to physiological retardation of growth, (2) accumulations of immature specimens of normally larger species and adults of smaller species due to segregation by moving water, and (3) accumulation of immature specimens because of environmental factors tending to produce subnormal fife-span or exceptionally high mortality of the younger shells. Interpretation in any given instance is a matter of determining from the shells themselves, from careful comparison with recognizably normal assemblages of near homotaxial equivalence, and from the physical and chemical nature of the entombing sediments which factor or combination of factors is the more logical. The paleoecological significance of assemblages of diminutive brachiopods as such is thus indirect. They merely bring attention to a situation the interpretation of which depends on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological considerations. The brachiopod faunas of the "Tully pyrite," the "Clinton hematite," the Glen Park and Salem limestones, and the Windsor series are briefly discussed. The fact emerges that more data are needed on the ecology of recent brachiopods and on assemblages of diminutive fossils and their entombing sediments.
Environmental significance of dwarfed cephalopods
Authors: Kummel Bernhard
Published: January 2003

Dwarfed and/or small cephalopods have been recorded from many parts of the geologic column. Data assembled from preliminary studies of the Cretaceous pyritic micromorph faunas of Texas and from an Upper Triassic (Norian) fauna from the Cordillera Central of northern Peru will be given. Both of these faunas contain an abundant cephalopod assemblage, mostly small in size, which are associated with other dwarfed and non-dwarfed invertebrates. Students of cephalopods are handicapped by the relative small amount of environmental data known on recent Nautilus. Some qualitative data on the environmental relationships of fossil cephalopods is known but practically no quantitative data is available. It is suggested that evolution has probably been an important factor in causing the development of some groups of small cephalopods.
Itabirite of Minas Geraes, Brazil
Authors: Tyler Stanley A.
Published: January 2003

"The mosaic texture and lack of clastic heavy accessory minerals indicate that the quartzose phase of the itabirite is recrystallized chert rather than clastic quartz." Thus this pre-Cambrian high-grade iron ore is more closely related to similar iron formations in other parts of the world.
SURFACE-GENERATED NOISE IN AN OCEAN WAVEGUIDE WITH A TRANSITION LAYER OF CONTINUOUSLY VARYING DENSITY AND SOUND SPEED
Authors: LIU JIN-YUAN , HUANG CHEN-FEN
Published: January 2003

This paper considers the noise field generated by surface random processes in an oceanic environment with a sediment layer possessing a continuously varying density and sound-speed profile. This model closely resembles the oceanic waveguide environment and therefore enables the simulation of surface noise generation. Many results of the noise field were generated, including the noise intensity distribution, vertical and horizontal correlations. It is demonstrated that the noise intensity may be affected by the stratification mainly through the continuous spectrum, in that the continuous spectrum is equally important as the normal modes in the present analysis. Moreover, the results for the correlations show that the noise field in the horizontal direction becomes more coherent when the noise sources are more correlated, while in the vertical direction, the results tend to reverse. The horizontal correlations of the noise field due to surface random sources with nonisotropic power spectrum, such as nonisotropic Gaussian and Pierson–Moskowitz, were generated and analyzed.
Racial Diversity in Higher Education
Authors: Davis Laurel R.
Published: January 2003

Many colleges and universities purport to desire racial diversity, yet few make considerable progress in this regard. Why are some schools much more successful than others? This author compared colleges/universities that have achieved relatively high percentages of African American and Latino American students and faculty to those with low percentages. Semistructured interviews were used to gather information about each school. At the successful schools, more people participate in diversity efforts, and administrators more often have the time, mandate, and power to be effective. The successful schools employ a wider variety of affirmative action practices, and these practices are more often proactive, involve persons of color, include curriculum and co-curriculum intervention, and address root causes of the problem. Employees and activists from the successful schools possess greater commitment to, and knowledge about, diversity. Finally, the campus climate at the successful schools offers greater support for racial diversity.