bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verification in the presence of observation errors: Bayesian point of view
Authors: Duc Le , Saito Kazuo
Published: March 2018

Verification in the presence of observation errors is approached from the Bayesian point of view. Like data assimilation (DA), Bayesian verification is shown to have a robust foundation established by Bayesian inference. Together, DA and Bayesian verification form two difference levels of Bayesian inference. Evaluation of a model is equivalent to inference on the plausibility of this model given observations. Relative performances between different models are measured by ratios of posterior plausibilities, which becomes ratios of likelihoods in the case of no prior information. These ratios are called the Bayes factors and are the standard verification method in Bayesian model comparison. Since verification scores are used intensively in numerical weather prediction, the verification scores derived from likelihoods are proposed to replace the Bayes factors in Bayesian verification. With two requirements that the verification scores are both strictly proper and local, the logarithm score, i.e. log‐likelihood, and its linear transformation are shown to be the unique class.

Log‐likelihoods in Bayesian verification are determined by the form of forecast probability distributions from models. The empirical form is preferable because of its flexibility in incorporating not only observation errors but also other uncertainties in observation biases or observation error variances into calculation to obtain closed forms for log‐likelihoods. When applied to observations with Gaussian errors, the logarithm score induces the weighted mean‐squared error which is non‐dimensional and can be used for both univariate and multivariate observations. The most interesting application of Bayesian verification is to offer a new explanation for rank histograms and quantify flatness of rank histograms by a metric which turns out to be the Kullback–Leibler divergence between the rank distribution observed in reality and a uniform rank distribution. It is worthy of note that the two very different metrics come from the logarithm score.
Assessing the performance of the generalized propensity score for estimating the effect of quantitative or continuous exposures on binary outcomes
Authors: Austin Peter C.
Published: March 2018

Propensity score methods are increasingly being used to estimate the effects of treatments and exposures when using observational data. The propensity score was initially developed for use with binary exposures. The generalized propensity score (GPS) is an extension of the propensity score for use with quantitative or continuous exposures (eg, dose or quantity of medication, income, or years of education). We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the performance of different methods of using the GPS to estimate the effect of continuous exposures on binary outcomes. We examined covariate adjustment using the GPS and weighting using weights based on the inverse of the GPS. We examined both the use of ordinary least squares to estimate the propensity function and the use of the covariate balancing propensity score algorithm. The use of methods based on the GPS was compared with the use of G‐computation. All methods resulted in essentially unbiased estimation of the population dose‐response function. However, GPS‐based weighting tended to result in estimates that displayed greater variability and had higher mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. Of the methods based on the GPS, covariate adjustment using the GPS tended to result in estimates with lower variability and mean squared error when the magnitude of confounding was strong. We illustrate the application of these methods by estimating the effect of average neighborhood income on the probability of death within 1 year of hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction Coupled with Water Oxidation by a Composite Soft‐Oxometalate (SOM) System
Authors: Biswas Subharanjan , Pochamoni Ramudu , Roy Soumyajit
Published: March 2018

Nature's energy needs are met by systems of renewable resources. Light is used to activate reduction of CO2 while water is oxidized producing energy storage molecules like carbohydrates. Emulating such systems is a challenge. Here we report a visible light driven hybrid soft‐oxometalate based catalyst system that couples CO2 reduction with water oxidation with the highest turnover number of over 1780 per mole and turnover frequency of 534 h−1 of catalyst.
Sequential Processing: Spontaneous Improvements in Film Quality and Interfacial Engineering for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shuangjie , Li Xuanhua , Tong Tengteng , Han Jian , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhu Jinmeng , Huang Zhixiang , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: March 2018

Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising alternative to solar cells due to their many advantages. To improve device performance, it is necessary to develop PSCs with good interfacial engineering and film crystallinity, which are two critical aspects of high‐performance PSCs. However, both aspects are relatively independent and difficult to simultaneously enhance. This study reports an effective and universal sequential solution deposition process to specifically address this issue. When the top layer of the hole‐transport material (HTM) is deposited from the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cosolvent, the HTM penetrates a predeposited bottom layer of perovskite (the light‐absorption layer) during the spin‐coating process, resulting in an interdiffusion structure with layer‐evolved nanomorphology. In addition, the cosolvent DMSO captures vacant perovskite CH3NH3+ groups at the boundaries of perovskite grains, resulting in the growth of large‐sized grains. Compared to a conventional device, this new design realizes enhanced optical absorption, reduced crystal defects in perovskite film, tight contact, and well‐matched energy‐level alignment between the perovskite film and the hole‐transport layer (HTL). This strategy enables the fabrication of PSCs with enhanced short‐circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and open circuit voltage (Voc), resulting in an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.40% from 15.29% under standard testing conditions. This sequential deposition represents a feasible route for the preparation of high‐performance PSCs with spontaneous improvements in film quality and interfacial engineering for photovoltaic applications.
A Method to Control the Transverse Corner Cracks on a Continuous Casting Slab by Combining Microstructure Analysis with Numerical Simulation of the Slab Temperature Field
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Zhang Lifeng , Lai Chaobin , Li Shusen , Li Ming , Deng Zhihao
Published: March 2018

In the current article, a method based on analysis of the microstructure combined with numerical simulation of the temperature field of a continuous casting slab is proposed to eliminate the transverse cracks occurred in slab corners. The microstructures near the cracks will be varied as the phase‐transformation conditions change. Thus, the cracking temperature range can be effectively estimated by analyzing the microstructures near the cracks. The different behaviors of microstructures near cracks in three conditions are presented and discussed. These behaviors include the following: the decarburization layer is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cracks; the microstructures are refined near the cracks; the cracks “open” the ferrite along the austenite grain boundaries, which results in the ferrite being symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cracks. The variation of the slab corner temperature during a continuous casting process is calculated and discussed. Then, a secondary cooling adjustment scheme is proposed to eliminate the occurrence of transverse corner cracks on the slab surface. Results from industrial practice show that the method can effectively avoid the generation of slab surface cracks without damage to the internal quality of the slab. The method can also be applied to other studies of crack control.
Imaginative footbridge in Mikolajki, Poland
Authors: Malinowski Maciej , Banas Anna , Jeszka Marcin , Sitarski Arkadiusz
Published: March 2018

With authors' thanks to Dr.‐Ing. Karl‐Eugen Kurrer on closure of his service as Editor‐in‐Chief of STAHLBAU

In summer 2016, a new footbridge in the town of Mikołajki (Poland) was built over a stream connecting two adjacent lakes – Talty and Mikołajki. Its modern construction, based on the shape of a DN ice boat, makes it unique in Poland, and probably in the world as well. This novel and dynamic shape became a significant landmark associated not only with Mikołajki, but also with the whole region of Mazury, as well as with sailing itself. The system of footbridge illumination is innovative within Europe. With a blaze of lights, it not only emphasizes the bridge shape but also introduces interesting changes into the appearance of the surroundings. The bridge carrying structure is a two‐span cable‐stayed system suspended on a single pylon. Since on the one hand the city enjoys large numbers of tourist visitors, and on the other hand sailing had to be kept largely uninterrupted, steel as the principal material and a relevant construction technology had to be applied. The load tests performed gave positive confirmation of the bridge's safety.
Neural network model for predicting early strength of cementing materials
Authors: Wang Jian , Qian Chunxiang , Zhang Huimin , Qu Jun , Guo Jingqiang
Published: March 2018

After judging whether the early strength of mortar after steam curing can meet the requirements of the prefabricated products, the combination of the cementitious materials can be judged. The main factors influencing early strength of mortar are analyzed by gray correlation analysis and neural network model is established through MATLAB, and then the early strength value and relative error of steam curing mortar can be predicted. From the analysis of gray correlation, the correlation factors of the volume ratio between CSH and unhydrated particle is 0.58, the correlation factors of bulk density and early strength is 0.62. The neural network model is established as the input variable, the average relative error of the test sample is 8.63%, and the average relative error of the sample to be tested is 6.72%. The prediction results show that the suitable dosage of fly ash is 6%, the suitable dosage of slag powder is 10%, and the amount of limestone powder should be controlled within 10%. The combination of gray correlation analysis and neural network model is feasible.
Mining association rules for admission control and service differentiation in e‐commerce applications
Authors: Xue James , Jarvis Stephen
Published: March 2018

Workload demands in e‐commerce applications are very dynamic in nature, therefore it is essential for internet service providers to manage server resources effectively to maximize total revenue in server overloading situations. In this paper, a data mining technique is applied to a typical e‐commerce application model for identification of composite association rules that capture user navigation patterns. Two algorithms are then developed based on the derived rules for admission control, service differentiation, and priority scheduling. Our approach takes the following aspects into consideration: (a) only final purchase requests result in company revenue; (b) any other request can potentially lead to final purchase, depending upon the likelihood of the navigation sequence that starts from current request and leads to final purchase; (c) service differentiation and priority assignment are based on aggregated confidence and average support of the composite association rules. As identification of composite association rules and computation of confidence and support of the rules can be pre‐computed offline, the proposed approach incurs minimum performance overheads. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed approach is effective in terms of request management for revenue maximization.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules

Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Holographic inequalities and entanglement of purification
Authors: Bao Ning , Halpern Illan F.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We study the conjectured holographic duality between entanglement of purification and the entanglement wedge cross-section. We generalize both quantities and prove several information theoretic inequalities involving them. These include upper bounds on conditional mutual information and tripartite information, as well as a lower bound for tripartite information. These inequalities are proven both holographically and for general quantum states. In addition, we use the cyclic entropy inequalities to derive a new holographic inequality for the entanglement wedge cross-section, and provide numerical evidence that the corresponding inequality for the entanglement of purification may be true in general. Finally, we use intuition from bit threads to extend the conjecture to holographic duals of suboptimal purifications.
Solving differential equations for Feynman integrals by expansions near singular points
Authors: Lee Roman N. , Smirnov Alexander V. , Smirnov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We describe a strategy to solve differential equations for Feynman integrals by powers series expansions near singular points and to obtain high precision results for the corresponding master integrals. We consider Feynman integrals with two scales, i.e. non-trivially depending on one variable. The corresponding algorithm is oriented at situations where canonical form of the differential equations is impossible. We provide a computer code constructed with the help of our algorithm for a simple example of four-loop generalized sunset integrals with three equal non-zero masses and two zero masses. Our code gives values of the master integrals at any given point on the real axis with a required accuracy and a given order of expansion in the regularization parameter ϵ.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lee Hannah , Oh Seung‐Young , Yu Je Hyuk , Kim Jeongsoo , Yoon Sehee , Ryu Ho Geol
Published: March 2018

Background

Postoperative delirium after liver transplantation is relatively common, especially due to preexisting conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy. Most studies of delirium after liver transplantation were based on ICU practices using deep hypnosedation. Therefore, risk factors and consequences of postoperative delirium after liver transplantation were evaluated in the light sedation era.

Methods

A total of 253 liver transplantation patients were evaluated for postoperative delirium. Clinical outcomes including mortality were compared between patients who suffered delirium and those who did not. Risk factors for postoperative delirium were analyzed with subgroup analysis depending on MELD scores and type of liver transplantation.

Results

Post‐liver transplant delirium developed in 17% of the patients, 88% of which occurred within the first postoperative day. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, class C Child–Pugh score, higher MELD scores, higher proportion of deceased donor liver transplantation, and reintubation were more frequent in patients who developed delirium, but there was no difference in mortality. Higher preoperative MELD group (15–24 vs. <15; OR 4.10, 95% Cl [1.67–10.09], P = 0.002, ≥25 vs. <15; OR 5.59, 95% CI [2.06–15.19], P < 0.01), higher APACHE II scores (OR 5.59, 95% CI [2.06–15.19], P < 0.01), and reintubation (OR 6.46, 95% CI [2.10–19.88], P < 0.01) were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.

Conclusion

Postoperative delirium after liver transplantation was associated with worse clinical outcomes. MELD scores greater than 15 were predictive of postoperative delirium in both living and deceased donor liver transplantation.
Survivorship care plans have a negative impact on long-term quality of life and anxiety through more threatening illness perceptions in gynecological cancer patients: the ROGY care trial
Authors: de Rooij Belle H. , Ezendam Nicole P. M. , Nicolaije Kim A. H. , Lodder Paul , Vos M. Caroline , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A. , Boll Dorry , Kruitwagen Roy F. P. M. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Prior results from the registration system oncological gynecology (ROGY) care trial showed that survivorship care plans (SCPs) increased threatening illness perceptions in gynecological cancer survivors, but it remained unclear whether this would result in poorer physical and psychosocial outcomes. The aim of the current study is to assess the direct and indirect effects of SCPs on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety and depression, through illness perceptions.

Methods

Twelve hospitals in the South of the Netherlands were randomized to providing ‘SCP care’ or ‘usual care.’ Newly diagnosed endometrial and ovarian cancer patients completed questionnaires after initial treatment (endometrial, 221 [75%]; ovarian, 174 [71%]) and after 6, 12, and 24 months. SCPs were automatically generated after initial treatment by the oncology providers through the web-based ROGY. Illness perceptions were measured after initial treatment and HRQoL and anxiety and depression after 6, 12, and 24 months.

Results

Structural equation models showed that endometrial cancer patients who experienced more symptoms or concern due to the SCP reported worse social functioning (β = − 0.82; p = 0.01) and more fatigue, insomnia, pain, and anxiety (β = 0.58–0.86, p < 0.05) within 12 months after treatment. Ovarian cancer patients who had lower trust that the treatment would cure their disease due to the SCP reported worse emotional functioning 6 months after treatment (β = 0.27, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Current results show that SCPs may have negative effects on HRQoL and anxiety in patients who experience more threatening illness perceptions due to the SCP. We should be aware of the potential negative consequences of SCPs.

Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01185626.
On the Solidification and Structure Formation during Casting of Large Inserts in Ferritic Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Tadesse Abel , Fredriksson Hasse
Published: March 2018

The graphite nodule count and size distributions for boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) inserts were investigated by taking samples at heights of 2160 and 1150 mm, respectively. In each cross section, two locations were taken into consideration for both the microstructural and solidification modeling. The numerical solidification modeling was performed in a two-dimensional model by considering the nucleation and growth in eutectic ductile cast iron. The microstructural results reveal that the nodule size and count distribution along the cross sections are different in each location for both inserts. Finer graphite nodules appear in the thinner sections and close to the mold walls. The coarser nodules are distributed mostly in the last solidified location. The simulation result indicates that the finer nodules are related to a higher cooling rate and a lower degree of microsegregation, whereas the coarser nodules are related to a lower cooling rate and a higher degree of microsegregation. The solidification time interval and the last solidifying locations in the BWR and PWR are also different.
Association of branched‐chain amino acids and other circulating metabolites with risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A prospective study in eight cohorts
Authors: Tynkkynen Juho , Chouraki Vincent , van der Lee Sven J. , Hernesniemi Jussi , Yang Qiong , Li Shuo , Beiser Alexa , Larson Martin G. , Sääksjärvi Katri , Shipley Martin J. , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Gerszten Robert E. , Wang Thomas J. , Havulinna Aki S. , Würtz Peter , Fischer Krista , Demirkan Ayse , Ikram M. Arfan , Amin Najaf , Lehtimäki Terho , Kähönen Mika , Perola Markus , Metspalu Andres , Kangas Antti J. , Soininen Pasi , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Kivimäki Mika , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Seshadri Sudha , Salomaa Veikko
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Metabolite, lipid, and lipoprotein lipid profiling can provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Methods

We studied eight prospective cohorts with 22,623 participants profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry metabolomics. Four cohorts were used for discovery with replication undertaken in the other four to avoid false positives. For metabolites that survived replication, combined association results are presented.

Results

Over 246,698 person‐years, 995 and 745 cases of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease were detected, respectively. Three branched‐chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine), creatinine and two very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐specific lipoprotein lipid subclasses were associated with lower dementia risk. One high density lipoprotein (HDL; the concentration of cholesterol esters relative to total lipids in large HDL) and one VLDL (total cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL) lipoprotein lipid subclass was associated with increased dementia risk. Branched‐chain amino acids were also associated with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk and the concentration of cholesterol esters relative to total lipids in large HDL with increased Alzheimer's disease risk.

Discussion

Further studies can clarify whether these molecules play a causal role in dementia pathogenesis or are merely markers of early pathology.
Andrianne Mini-Jupette Graft at the Time of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement for the Management of Post-Prostatectomy Climacturia and Minimal Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Yafi Faysal A. , Andrianne Robert , Alzweri Laith , Brady Jeffrey , Butcher Michael , Chevalier Daniel , DeLay Kenneth J. , Faix Antoine , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Jenkins Lawrence , Kohler Tobias S. , Osmonov Daniar , Park Sun Hung , Schwabb M. David , Valenzuela Robert , van Renterghem Koenraad , Wilson Steven K.
Published: March 2018

Background

After radical prostatectomy (RP), erectile dysfunction, often necessitating the need for inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion, and urinary incontinence and climacturia can ensue.

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of the mini-jupette, a mesh used to approximate the medial aspects of the 2 corporotomies at the time of IPP insertion, for the management of climacturia and urine leakage in patients with minimal incontinence.

Methods

We conducted a pilot multicenter study of patients with post-RP erectile dysfunction and climacturia and/or mild urinary incontinence (≤2 pads/day [ppd]) undergoing IPP insertion with concomitant placement of a mini-jupette graft.

Outcomes

Pre- and postoperative erectile function, continence and climacturia, and overall surgical outcomes were assessed.

Results

38 patients underwent the mini-jupette procedure. The mean age of the population was 65.3 years (SD = 7.7). 30 had post-RP climacturia and 32 patients had post-RP incontinence (mean = 1.3 ppd, SD = 0.8). 31 patients received Coloplast Titan, 4 received AMS 700 LGX, and 3 received AMS 700 CX IPPs. Mean corporotomy size was 2.9 cm (SD = 1.0). Mean graft measurements were 3.2 cm (SD = 0.9) for width, 3.3 cm (SD = 1.3) for length, and 11.0 cm2 (SD = 5.1) for surface area. At a mean follow-up of 5.1 months (SD = 6.9), there were 5 postoperative complications (13.2%) of which 4 required explantation. Climacturia and incontinence were subjectively improved in 92.8% and 85.7%, respectively. Mean ppd decreased by 1.3 postoperatively.

Clinical Implications

The Andrianne mini-jupette is a feasible adjunct to IPP placement that can be used for subsets of patients with post-RP climacturia and/or minimal incontinence.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths of this study include the novel nature of this intervention, the multi-institutional nature of the study, and the promising results demonstrated. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study and the heterogeneity of the techniques and grafts used by different surgeons involved.

Conclusion

Longer follow-up and larger patient cohorts are needed to confirm the long-term safety and benefits of this intervention.
Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual Functioning
Authors: Burri Andrea , Ogata Soshiro
Published: March 2018

Background

Genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of female sexual dysfunction. Yet, how much the dynamic nature of sexual functioning is influenced by changes in genetic and/or environmental factors remains unknown.

Aim

To explore temporal stability of genetic and environmental influences on female sexual functioning over a 4-year period.

Methods

Data on desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were collected in 2009 and 2013 using the Female Sexual Function Index and were available for 1,209 British twin women.

Outcomes

To track the stability of genetic influences the Female Sexual Function Index sub-domain and total scores were subject to multivariate twin analyses for repeated measures.

Results

Desire showed a lower heritability at follow-up (37% vs 14%) whereas for arousal and sexual pain the heritability at follow-up was higher compared to baseline (28% vs 34% and 30% vs 45%, respectively). The heritability of lubrication remained stable at 27%. According to the best-fitting additive environmental (AE) Cholesky model for all domains except for sexual pain there were no new genetic factors expressing themselves over the 4-year period, but an addition of new, unique environmental determinants could be observed. For sexual pain an additional genetic factor could be observed at follow-up, explaining 39% of the phenotypic variance.

Clinical Translation

The biological pre-disposition to sexual problems seems to remain relatively stable over time.

Conclusions

This is the first study to investigate the genetic stability of female sexual functioning in a large population sample of women. White ethnicity and the relatively high mean age of women asks for caution in extrapolating the findings to other ethnic and age groups. The findings highlight the value of more in-depth exploration of the non-shared environmental influences that could provide clues to the mechanisms behind remittance and/or persistence of sexual problems. Integration of these findings may provide a useful conceptual framework for the treatment and prevention of certain types of sexual problems.
Ultrasound‐Guided Carpal Tunnel Release Using Dynamic Expansion of the Transverse Safe Zone in a Patient With Postpolio Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Henning Troy , Lueders Daniel , Chang Kate , Yang Lynda
Published: March 2018

The prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with postpolio syndrome occurs at a rate of 22%. Irrespective of those with CTS, 74% of postpolio patients weight bear through their arms for ambulation or transfers. As open carpal tunnel release is performed along the weight‐bearing region of the wrist, their functional independence may be altered while recovering. This case demonstrates that ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel release was successfully performed in a patient with postpolio syndrome allowing him to immediately weight bear through his hands after the procedure so he could recover at home.

Level of Evidence

V
Headache in Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Diagnostic and Management Implications
Authors: Alrohimi Anas , Jassal Rajive
Published: March 2018

Headache is an uncommon symptom in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). We review four clinical settings related to GBS in which headache may be present. We focus on pathophysiological explanations, alerting the clinician to further potential investigations and treatment. Most reports of headache in GBS occur in the context of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, an increasingly recognized dysautonomia-related GBS complication. Less frequent is headache in the setting of increased intracranial pressure and papilledema (secondary intracranial hypertension), Miller Fisher syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Rarely, headache can occur secondary to aseptic meningitis from IVIg use.
Hegel’s Treatment of Predication Considered in the Light of a Logic for the Actual World
Authors: Redding Paul
Published: March 2018

One prominent feature of analytic metaphysics in the second half of the twentieth century was the revival of metaphysical debate over modality, and in this paper I suggest that a particular position that emerged within this debate, ‘modal actualism’, bears a striking resemblance to the way that Hegel discusses modal notions in the final chapter of Book 2 of the Science of Logic, ‘Wirklichkeit’ or ‘Actuality’. Modal actualists opposed David Lewis’s counter-intuitive claims about the existence of alternate possible worlds, and aimed to reconcile the reality of alternate possibilities with the common-sense idea of the actual world as all there is. Like Hegel in the chapter ‘Actuality’, they thus argue that possible alternatives to the actual world must, somehow, exist within the actual world. Here I approach these issues via the ideas of John N. Findlay who, in the 1950s, had attempted to reintroduce Hegel into an Anglophone philosophical culture, but who also influenced the later development of modal actualism via his influence on the modal logician, Arthur Prior. Like certain actualists, Findlay distinguished between two modes of predication in order to distinguish, but relate, judgements about the actual from those about the possible. This predicative dualism is strikingly similar to the way Hegel distinguishes two types of predication in his treatment of judgement in Book 3 of the Science of Logic. Reading Hegel’s dualistic account of judgement structure against this background enables us to see how it was meant to provide a logical framework for the ‘actualist’ metaphysics he earlier sketched in the chapter, ‘Actuality’.
Robust Science: A Review of Journal Practices in Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Authors: Feeney Justin R.
Published: March 2018

The focal article (Grand et al., 2018) provides an exemplary roadmap for improving the practice of robust science in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, which includes recommendations for authors such as practicing robust science, even in the absence of reward. However, authors are faced with practical constraints; to succeed in our field, we must publish, at least occasionally, in prestigious journals to secure scholarships, awards, employment, grants, and tenure. We can practice robust science (commonly referred to as “open science” or “reproducible research”) without reward—but only to some extent, if there is no support from our gatekeepers. After all, it is difficult to influence the field without a job and research funding.
The Role of Professional Associations in Promoting Robust Science
Authors: Neuman Brendan
Published: March 2018

Grand et al. (2018) address an important and timely concern with scientific research with implications well beyond industrial and organizational (I-O) psychological science. As they describe a comprehensive ecosystem responsible for robust science, they have alluded to the notorious scientist–practitioner gap in our field. In this commentary I propose how that gap relates to the various stakeholders in Grand et al.’s ecosystem, and suggest professional associations take on an elevated role in the communication of science.
Centering the Target of Mistreatment in Our Measures
Authors: Sasso Thomas , González-Morales M. Gloria
Published: March 2018

Victim precipitation is embedded deeply within industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Cortina, Rabelo, and Holland (2018) are right to challenge the assumptions that have perpetuated victim blaming in our discipline (consciously and unconsciously); however, a significant source of victim precipitation discourse within our field was strikingly absent in their discussion: construct measurement. The nature of how we measure most of our workplace aggression and mistreatment constructs (e.g., incivility, abusive supervision, bullying) have potential to negate the experiences of targeted employees as well as the unique impact of various perpetrator behaviors. Furthermore, how we interpret these measures can result in researchers and practitioners privileging the experiences of some individuals and dismissing the experiences of others. How can we hope to achieve a progressive approach to mistreatment in our disciplines if our measures do not keep pace?
Statics and dynamics of liquid barrels in wedge geometries
Authors: Ruiz-Gutiérrez Élfego , Semprebon Ciro , McHale Glen , Ledesma-Aguilar Rodrigo
Published: March 2018

We present a theoretical study of the statics and dynamics of a partially wetting liquid droplet, of equilibrium contact angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{e}$, confined in a solid wedge geometry of opening angle $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. We focus on a mostly non-wetting regime, given by the condition $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{e}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>90^{\circ }$, where the droplet forms a liquid barrel – a closed shape of positive mean curvature. Using a quasi-equilibrium assumption for the shape of the liquid–gas interface, we compute the changes to the surface energy and pressure distribution of the liquid upon a translation along the symmetry plane of the wedge. Our model is in good agreement with numerical calculations of the surface energy minimisation of static droplets deformed by gravity. Beyond the statics, we put forward a Lagrangian description of the droplet dynamics. We focus on the overdamped limit, where the driving capillary force is balanced by the frictional forces arising from the bulk hydrodynamics, the corner flow near the contact lines and the contact-line friction. Our results provide a theoretical framework to describe the motion of partially wetting liquids in confinement, and can be used to gain further understanding on the relative importance of dissipative processes that span from microscopic to macroscopic length scales.
Thermal atomisation of a liquid drop after impact onto a hot substrate
Authors: Roisman I. V. , Breitenbach J. , Tropea C.
Published: March 2018

This experimental study is focused on the mechanisms of thermal atomisation of a drop impacting onto a hot substrate. This phenomenon is characterised by the wetting and dewetting of the substrate, caused not by the rim dynamics, but induced by thermal effects. These thermal effects lead to the lamella evaporation, levitation and disintegration, generation of a vertical spray of fine droplets and consequently, drop breakup. A typical contact time of the drop before complete detachment is theoretically estimated. This estimation agrees very well with the experiments. It is shown that the Weber number, often used for describing splashing drops, is not a relevant parameter for thermal atomisation. Finally, a regime map is plotted, using a combination of the dimensionless contact time and the dimensionless heat flux at the substrate.
Estimating large-scale structures in wall turbulence using linear models
Authors: Illingworth Simon J. , Monty Jason P. , Marusic Ivan
Published: March 2018

A dynamical systems approach is used to devise a linear estimation tool for channel flow at a friction Reynolds number of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1000$. The estimator uses time-resolved velocity measurements at a single wall-normal location to estimate the velocity field at other wall-normal locations (the data coming from direct numerical simulations). The estimation tool builds on the work of McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382) by using a Navier–Stokes-based linear model and treating any nonlinear terms as unknown forcings to an otherwise linear system. In this way nonlinearities are not ignored, but instead treated as an unknown model input. It is shown that, while the linear estimator qualitatively reproduces large-scale flow features, it tends to overpredict the amplitude of velocity fluctuations – particularly for structures that are long in the streamwise direction and thin in the spanwise direction. An alternative linear model is therefore formed in which a simple eddy viscosity is used to model the influence of the small-scale turbulent fluctuations on the large scales of interest. This modification improves the estimator performance significantly. Importantly, as well as improving the performance of the estimator, the linear model with eddy viscosity is also able to predict with reasonable accuracy the range of wavenumber pairs and the range of wall-normal heights over which the estimator will perform well.
EL RINCÓN DE LOS EDITORES
Authors: Gutiérrez María , Braswell Geoffrey E.
Published: March 2018

Con el primer número del volumen 29 de Latin American Antiquity (LAQ) estamos muy contentos de poder anunciar buenas noticias para nuestros lectores y colaboradores. A partir de la edición de marzo 2018, el recuento anual de páginas de LAQ se incrementará a 880, al igual que American Antiquity (AAQ). Hace solo dos años se le asignaron a LAQ 576 páginas, por lo que esto significa un aumento del 53%, el mayor en la historia de la revista.
Game Changers: Detecting Shifts in Overdispersed Count Data
Authors: Blackwell Matthew
Published: March 2018

In this paper, I introduce a Bayesian model for detecting changepoints in a time series of overdispersed counts, such as contributions to candidates over the course of a campaign or counts of terrorist violence. To avoid having to specify the number of changepoint ex ante, this model incorporates a hierarchical Dirichlet process prior to estimate the number of changepoints as well as their location. This allows researchers to discover salient structural breaks and perform inference on the number of such breaks in a given time series. I demonstrate the usefulness of the model with applications to campaign contributions in the 2012 U.S. Republican presidential primary and incidences of global terrorism from 1970 to 2015.
Rock Paintings in the Libyan Desert
Authors: Shaw W. B. Kennedy
Published: March 2018

‘Time’, wrote Sir Thomas Browne, ‘which antiquates antiquities, and hath an art to make dust of all things, hath yet spared these minor monuments’. The Nile Valley is full of major monuments—pyramids, tombs and temples; each expedition which goes into the Libyan Desert learns that it is well-filled with minor ones and remarkable among these are paintings and gravings on rocks.
Sheep
Authors: Hilzheimer Max
Published: March 2018

Recent research has thrown considerable light on the history of the domestic sheep; and even though much still remains obscure, we now have a good general idea of the region in which sheep were first domesticated, besides extensive knowledge of the original wild breeds.
Origin and Early Diffusion of the Traction-plough
Authors: Bishop Carl Whiting
Published: March 2018

The earlier efforts of mankind to assure an abundance of food consisted largely in the performance of magical ceremonies, frequently orgiastic in character. It is sometimes forgotten that such methods, even after regular cultivation had come into being, long continued to survive in close association with what we should consider more rational procedures. Yet this is a fact which we need to keep steadily in mind while we try to work out the early history of the traction-plough, which here refers to ploughs drawn by animals, especially those of the ox-kind,
Cambay and the Bead Trade
Authors: Arkell A. J.
Published: March 2018

In ‘ A note on certain Agate Beads ’, printed in the Antiquaries Journal (x, 149), Mr H. C. Beck drew attention to their obscure origin. In addition to a recent distribution of 500 to 1000 roughly made agate beads, which may have come from the sale of the belongings of an old sea-captain, Mr Beck gave fourteen finds unconnected with this recent distribution, which included a comparatively small example found by Woolley at Ur in a layer confidently pronounced to date from before the ‘ Flood ’, one bead from Algeria, a string from Jerusalem, one bead from an Irish bog, a string from near Frankfort, one bead from a Merovingian grave, a string from Brittany associated with the dolmen period, others from Nantes, Orleans and elsewhere in France, and four finds from the Sudan, two being from Omdurman, where it is stated that they are occasionally dug up, and one from the 25th Dynasty treasury of Sanam at Dongola.
Domesday Woodland in Southwest England
Authors: Morgan F. W.
Published: March 2018

The distribution of woodland and the stages of its gradual disappearance were of fundamental importance in the early historical geography of England. Wood was a valuable element in medieval economy and one of the chief factors affecting the nature of settlement, The evidence concerning the extent of the woodland in early England is of two kinds : (1) the surface geology, which provides a basis for the reconstruction of the original extent ; (2) the statistics of the Domesday Book: these refer to the eleventh century, but they may have some retrospective value. The present essay is an attempt to examine the Domesday evidence for the south and south-western counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall.
Evolution of the Clinker-built Fishing Lugger
Authors: Hornell James
Published: March 2018

On a recent visit to Rye I had an opportunity to see what is now becoming of rare occurrence in England— the construction of a large fishing lugger on the clinker system of overlapping the upper edge of each plank or strake in the sides by the lower edge of the one above, the two being riveted together at short intervals.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of protein and amino acid supplements in older adults with acute or chronic conditions
Authors: Cheng Heilok , Kong Jielan , Underwood Catherine , Petocz Peter , Hirani Vasant , Dawson Beryl , O’Leary Fiona
Published: March 2018

The loss of lean body mass, muscle strength and physical function causes significant problems in older adults. Protein and amino acid supplements can preserve muscle strength but the effect on function is variable. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of protein and amino acid supplementation on fat-free mass, muscle strength and physical function in malnourished, frail, sarcopenic, dependent or elderly with acute or chronic conditions, with or without rehabilitation exercise. Databases searched included Medline, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBM Reviews, Embase, Pre-Medline, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus. Retrieved articles were assessed by two reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Tool. In all, thirty nine randomised controlled trails (n 4274) were included. The studies used a range of protein or essential amino acid (EAA) supplements in a variety of settings, including hospital, community and long-term care. Only seven studies had low ROB and no effect of supplementation was found on any outcomes. Analysis of all thirty-nine studies suggest protein and EAA supplements may improve fat-free mass, muscle strength and physical function (standardised mean difference 0·21–0·27, all P<0·005), but significant heterogeneity and ROB was evident. Predetermined subgroup analysis found undernourished elderly benefitted most; EAA were the most effective supplements and small beneficial effects were seen without rehabilitation exercise. The high heterogeneity and few studies with low ROB limits the conclusions and more high quality studies are needed to determine the best nutritional strategies for the maintenance of strength and function with increasing age.
Cross-sectional association between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US women
Authors: Yu Zhi , Ley Sylvia H. , Sun Qi , Hu Frank B. , Malik Vasanti S.
Published: March 2018

Few studies have evaluated the relationships between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and intermediate biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Associations between artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and fruit juice with cardiometabolic biomarkers are also unclear. We investigated habitual SSB, ASB and fruit juice intake in relation to biomarkers of hepatic function, lipid metabolism, inflammation and glucose metabolism. We analysed cross-sectional data from 8492 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study who were free of diabetes and CVD. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the associations of SSB, ASB and fruit juice intake with concentrations of fetuin-A, alanine transaminase,γ-glutamyl transferase, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1, adiponectin, insulin and HbA1cas well as total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio. More frequent intake of SSB was significantly associated with higher concentrations of fetuin-A, TAG, CRP, ICAM-1, adiponectin and insulin, a higher total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, and a lower concentration of HDL-cholesterol (Ptrendranges from <0·0001 to 0·04) after adjusting for demographic, medical, dietary and lifestyle variables. ASB intake was marginally associated with increased concentrations of CRP (Ptrend=0·04) and adiponectin (Ptrend=0·01). Fruit juice intake was associated with increased concentrations of TAG and HbA1cand a lower concentration of adiponectin (Ptrendranges from <0·0001 to 0·01). In conclusion, habitual intake of SSB was associated with adverse levels of multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers. Associations between ASB and fruit juice with cardiometabolic risk markers warrant further exploration.
Adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-type diet over the life course and associated vascular function: a study based on the MRC 1946 British birth cohort
Authors: Maddock Jane , Ziauddeen Nida , Ambrosini Gina L. , Wong Andrew , Hardy Rebecca , Ray Sumantra
Published: March 2018

Little is known about long-term associations between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and conventional cardiovascular (CV)-risk factors as well as novel measures of vascular function. This study aimed to examine whether long-term adherence to a DASH-type diet in a British birth cohort is associated with conventional CV-risk factors and two vascular function markers, carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Data came from 1409 participants of the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development. Dietary intake was assessed at 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years using 5-d estimated food diaries. The DASH-type diet score was calculated using the Fung index. Conventional CV-risk factors (blood pressure (BP) and lipids), cIMT in the right and/or left common carotid artery and PWV was measured when participants were 60–64 years. Associations between the DASH-type diet score and outcomes were assessed using multiple regression models adjusted for socioeconomic position, BMI, smoking and physical activity. Participants in higher sex-specific quintiles (Q) of the long-term DASH-type diet had lower BP (P≤0·08), higher HDL-cholesterol (P<0·001) and lower TAG (P<0·001) compared with people in Q1. Participants in Q5 of the long-term DASH-type diet had lower PWV (−0·28sd; 95 % CI −0·50, −0·07,Ptrend=0·01) and cIMT (−0·24sd; 95 % CI −0·44, −0·04,Ptrend=0·02) compared with participants in the Q1. This association was independent of the conventional CV-risk factors. Greater adherence to a DASH diet over the life course is associated with conventional CV-risk factors and independently associated with cIMT and PWV.