bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Journalism for sustainable development: The imperative of journalists’ rights to freedom of expression and access to information for promoting sustainable development in Pakistan
Authors: Jamil Sadia
Published: April 2020

Pakistan is currently facing severe challenges for sustainable development, including a lack of safety and governance, demographic issues, poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, gender violence and inequality, injustice, water shortage, energy crises, rapid increase in pollution and climate change. In addition, the country’s progress towards development and adaptation strategies is quite slow. This study recognizes that journalism has a very crucial role in many aspects of sustainable development in Pakistan, ranging from facilitation of good governance to social cohesion, peace, public participation, empowerment and inclusion. For this purpose, journalists need freedom of expression and require unrestrained access to information. However, Pakistani journalists often confront legal and other restrictions to practicing these two rights, resulting in a lack of their ability to report on critical issues especially relevant to sustainable development. Therefore, drawing on the development communication theory, this study identifies the areas of sustainable development that are reported most by Pakistani journalists. It strives to find out whether Pakistani journalists receive training for development journalism. It also analyses the extent and the ways journalists’ rights to freedom of expression and access to information are restrained when reporting on issues of sustainable development. The study uses thematic analysis to analyse the gathered data through a quantitative method of survey and a qualitative method of in-depth interviews.
‘Our dream is simple: Peace, safe and freedom’: Regime-critical activism and artistic expression by Syrians in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Wessels Josepha Ivanka (Joshka)
Published: April 2020

This article seeks to understand mediatized dynamics of regime-critical activism and cultural performances by Syrians in Europe. The focus of this research is on the Öresund-region between Denmark and Sweden. Sweden was the first country in Europe to give immediate permanent residence to Syrian refugees. It initially received most of the Syrian refugees in 2015. After the arrival of large groups of Syrians at Malmö station in that year, a growing network of volunteers responded to the influx of refugees. Syrians started to build relationships with local activists and have since joined in organizing publicly mediated events, creating a new landscape for creative industries and performance arts in the region. Applying a protest communication ecology approach, I use a wide definition of media which includes the aesthetics of street demonstrations, performance arts and music, mediated and communicated through digital online platforms. I apply an adjusted concept of communitas, including digital media and online communication as analytical concept to observe and describe not only how communitas is re-formed between Syrian refugees after arrival but also how it emerges between Syrians and local hosts.
EFFECTS OF FOOD QUALITY, SERVICE QUALITY, PRICE, ENVIRONMENT, AND LOCATION TOWARDS CUSTOMER LOYALTY OF INDONESIA’S LOCAL FAST FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors: Sunaryo Indryati
Published: April 2020

This study aims to measure and analyze the effect of several restaurant-related quality attributes toward customer loyalty with a mediating effect from customer satisfaction in the local fast-food industry in Indonesia. The nature of local fast-food industry is different compared to its global counterpart, so a new perspective has to be taken into account. Based on literature review of previous studies, the quality attributes that are selected for this study are food quality, service quality, environment, price, and location. Data in this study were collected from the responses of 461 participants and analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The SEM result shows that only price and location significantly affect customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. When customer satisfaction is removed and restaurant-related quality attributes is directly tested towards customer loyalty, only price and food quality significantly affect customer loyalty. Both with and without mediating effect from customer satisfaction, price keeps influencing customer loyalty. This result is against the majority of fast-food customer loyalty studies which usually emphasize on food or service quality as the main factor that influences customer loyalty and customer satisfaction.
ANALISIS USABILITAS PADA APLIKASI MANDIRI ONLINE
Authors: Wibowo Astrid Wahyu Adventri
Published: April 2020

Internet banking atau mobile banking adalah salah satu bentuk aplikasi yang berbasis internet yang dapat digunakan sebagai pintu gerbang menuju dunia perbankan masa depan. Dalam memberikan layanan, pihak bank tidak ingin mengecewakan nasabahnya karena aplikasi internet banking yang sulit digunakan sehingga mengakibatkan nasabah gagal dalam mencari informasi atau gagal melakukan aktivitas perbankan. Melihat pentingnya usabilitas sebuah aplikasi, maka dilakukan penelitian terhadap aplikasi Mandiri Online untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari aplikasi tersebut, mengidentifikasi permasalahan usabilitas, serta menyusun rekomendasi perbaikan. Aplikasi tersebut diuji menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS) dan pendekatan heuristic evaluation dengan responden sebanyak 40 orang untuk metode SUS dan 5 evaluator dengan kriteria single-expert untuk pendekatan heuristic evaluation. Hasil pengujian aplikasi Mandiri Online dengan instrumen SUS adalah sebesar 79,6 yang berarti aplikasi Mandiri Online dinyatakan dapat diterima (acceptable), termasuk dalam grade B dengan rating good. Dari penelitian ini juga diketahui bahwa terdapat beberapa permasalahan usabilitas mayor yang harus segera diperbaiki dan harus diberi prioritas tinggi. Dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut membutuhkan beberapa usaha, seperti  menambahkan fitur search untuk mencari nama bank, membuat pengelompokkan instansi pada menu multipayment, membuat atau menambahkan panduan penggunaan atau flowchart penggunaan Mandiri Online, dan menambahkan fitur help pada Mandiri Online. Abstract[Title: Usability Analysis of Mandiri Online Apllication] Internet banking or mobile banking is a form of internet-based application that can be used as a gateway to the future of banking. In providing services, banks won’t to let down their customers because of internet banking applications are difficult to use, resulting in failure to find information or fail to conduct banking activities. Seeing the importance of application usability, a study of Mandiri Online application was conducted to find out the appropriatness of the application, identify usability issues, and construct recommendations for application improvement. This application was tested using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and heuristic evaluation approach with 40 respondents for the SUS and 5 evaluators with single-expert criteria for the heuristic evaluation. The result of testing the Mandiri Online application with the SUS instrument amounted to 79,6 which means this application was declared acceptable, included in grade B, and with a good rating. From this study it is also known that there are some major usability problems that must be corrected immediately and must be given high priority. In solving these problems requires several efforts, such as adding search feature to search the bank’s name, creating agency groups on multipayment menu, creating or adding usage guidelines or flowcharts for using Mandiri Online, and adding help feature to Mandiri Online.Keywords: Heuristic Evaluation; System Usability Scale; Usability
The Effect of a Single Session of Plyometric Training Per Week on Fitness Parameters in Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nonnato Andrea , Hulton Andrew T. , Brownlee Thomas E. , Beato Marco
Published: April 2020

Nonnato, A, Hulton, AT, Brownlee, TE, and Beato, M. The effect of a single session of plyometric training per week on fitness parameters in professional female soccer players. A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1046–1052, 2022—As the interest and popularity of female soccer has increased over the last few decades, there still lacks research conducted with the elite population, specifically ecological training interventions during the competitive season. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 12 weeks (undertaken once a week) of plyometric (PLY) training on physical performance in professional female soccer players during the season. Using a randomized controlled trial design, 16 players were included in the current study (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years, weight 60.3 ± 4.9 kg, height 167 ± 3.7 cm) and randomized in PLY (n = 8) and Control groups (CON, n = 8), respectively. Squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), long jump (LJ), single-leg triple jump distance test (triple jump test), changes of direction 505 test (505-COD), and sprint 10 and 30 m were performed before and after 12 weeks of PLY training. Significant within-group differences were found in triple jump test dominant (p = 0.031, effect size [ES] = moderate) and nondominant limb (p = 0.021, ES = moderate) and sprint 10 m (p = 0.05, ES = large), whereas the CON did not report any positive variation. However, neither group reported significant variation in SJ, CMJ, LJ, 505-COD, and sprint 30 m (underlining the difficulties in obtain meaningful variation in season). These findings have strong practical applications because this study showed for the first time that a single session a week of plyometric training can significantly increase sport-specific fitness parameters in professional female soccer players during the season.
The Effect of Overreaching on Neuromuscular Performance and Wellness Responses in Australian Rules Football Athletes
Authors: Campbell Patrick G. , Stewart Ian B. , Sirotic Anita C. , Minett Geoffrey M.
Published: April 2020

Campbell, PG, Stewart, IB, Sirotic, AC, and Minett, GM. Title: The effect of overreaching on neuromuscular performance and wellness responses in Australian rules football athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1530–1538, 2020—This study seeks to evaluate the effect of periodized fluctuations in training load on wellness and psychological questionnaires, perceived exertion, performance, and neuromuscular measures in team-sport athletes. Thirteen amateur Australian rules football athletes completed 6 weeks of periodized training, consisting of 2-week normal training (NT), intensified training (IT), and taper training (TT). Training sessions were quantified using global positioning system devices, heart-rate, and session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), with wellness (general soreness, sleep quality/quantity, readiness to train, fatigue, stress, mood, and motivation) questionnaires collected daily. Psychological (Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes) and physical performance (countermovement jump, cycle ergometer peak power, 30-m sprint, and 2-km time trial) markers were measured after each training period. Perceived (sRPE) and mechanical loading were higher for IT than NT, and IT than TT (p < 0.03; d = 0.65–25.34). Cycle ergometer peak power, 30-m sprint, 2-km time trial, and countermovement jump height showed reductions in performance after IT compared to initial testing (p < 0.02; d = 0.51–1.46), with subsequent increases in performance after TT (p < 0.04; d = 0.66–2.27). Average wellness was higher during NT compared to IT (p = 0.005; d = 1.11). Readiness to train did not significantly differ from NT to IT or TT (p < 0.55; d = <0.59); however, readiness to train did improve during TT after the IT (p = 0.01; d = 1.05). The disturbances in performance, perceptual, and mood states may indicate a state of functional overreaching. The findings suggest that an averaged wellness score may be useful in potentially identifying overreaching. However, despite the popularity of wellness in monitoring systems, these measures overall demonstrated a limited capacity to differentiate between periodized fluctuations in load.
Nestin Selectively Facilitates the Phosphorylation of the Lissencephaly-Linked Protein Doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35 to Regulate Growth Cone Morphology and Sema3a Sensitivity in Developing Neurons
Authors: Bott Christopher J. , McMahon Lloyd P. , Keil Jason M. , Yap Chan Choo , Kwan Kenneth Y. , Winckler Bettina
Published: April 2020

Nestin, an intermediate filament protein widely used as a marker of neural progenitors, was recently found to be expressed transiently in developing cortical neurons in culture and in developing mouse cortex. In young cortical cultures, nestin regulates axonal growth cone morphology. In addition, nestin, which is known to bind the neuronal cdk5/p35 kinase, affects responses to axon guidance cues upstream of cdk5, specifically, to Sema3a. Changes in growth cone morphology require rearrangements of cytoskeletal networks, and changes in microtubules and actin filaments are well studied. In contrast, the roles of intermediate filament proteins in this process are poorly understood, even in cultured neurons. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism by which nestin affects growth cone morphology and Sema3a sensitivity. We find that nestin selectively facilitates the phosphorylation of the lissencephaly-linked protein doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35, but the phosphorylation of other cdk5 substrates is not affected by nestin. We uncover that this substrate selectivity is based on the ability of nestin to interact with DCX, but not with other cdk5 substrates. Nestin thus creates a selective scaffold for DCX with activated cdk5/p35. Last, we use cortical cultures derived fromDcxKO mice to show that the effects of nestin on growth cone morphology and on Sema3a sensitivity are DCX-dependent, thus suggesting a functional role for the DCX-nestin complex in neurons. We propose that nestin changes growth cone behavior by regulating the intracellular kinase signaling environment in developing neurons. The sex of animal subjects is unknown.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNestin, an intermediate filament protein highly expressed in neural progenitors, was recently identified in developing neurons where it regulates growth cone morphology and responsiveness to the guidance cue Sema3a. Changes in growth cone morphology require rearrangements of cytoskeletal networks, but the roles of intermediate filaments in this process are poorly understood. We now report that nestin selectively facilitates phosphorylation of the lissencephaly-linked doublecortin (DCX) by cdk5/p35, but the phosphorylation of other cdk5 substrates is not affected. This substrate selectivity is based on preferential scaffolding of DCX, cdk5, and p35 by nestin. Additionally, we demonstrate a functional role for the DCX-nestin complex in neurons. We propose that nestin changes growth cone behavior by regulating intracellular kinase signaling in developing neurons.
Cognitive Effort Modulates Connectivity between Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Task-Relevant Cortical Areas
Authors: Aben Bart , Buc Calderon Cristian , Van den Bussche Eva , Verguts Tom
Published: April 2020

Investment of cognitive effort is required in everyday life and has received ample attention in recent neurocognitive frameworks. The neural mechanism of effort investment is thought to be structured hierarchically, with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) at the highest level, recruiting task-specific upstream areas. In the current fMRI study, we tested whether dACC is generally active when effort demand is high across tasks with different stimuli, and whether connectivity between dACC and task-specific areas is increased depending on the task requirements and effort level at hand. For that purpose, a perceptual detection task was administered that required male and female human participants to detect either a face or a house in a noisy image. Effort demand was manipulated by adding little (low effort) or much (high effort) noise to the images. Results showed a network of dACC, anterior insula (AI), and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) to be more active when effort demand was high, independent of the performed task (face or house detection). Importantly, effort demand modulated functional connectivity between dACC and face-responsive or house-responsive perceptual areas, depending on the task at hand. This shows that dACC, AI, and IPS constitute a general effort-responsive network and suggests that the neural implementation of cognitive effort involves dACC-initiated sensitization of task-relevant areas.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough cognitive effort is generally perceived as aversive, its investment is inevitable when navigating an increasingly complex society. In this study, we demonstrate how the human brain tailors the implementation of effort to the requirements of the task at hand. We show increased effort-related activity in a network of brain areas consisting of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula, and intraparietal sulcus, independent of task specifics. Crucially, we also show that effort-induced functional connectivity between dACC and task-relevant areas tracks specific task demands. These results demonstrate how brain regions specialized to solve a task may be energized by dACC when effort demand is high.
Other Subordination Results for Fractional Integral Associated with Dziok Srivastava Operator
Authors: Alb Lupas Alina
Published: April 2020

In this paper we have discussed differential subordination properties associated with the fractional integral by using Dziok-Srivastava operator
Bridging sociology with anthropology and cognitive science perspectives to assess shared cultural knowledge
Authors: Maltseva Kateryna
Published: April 2020

Following the cognitive revolution of the 1960s, cultural variation in behavior and knowledge has been a long-standing subject in social sciences. The “cognitive turn” in sociology brought to light many interesting issues and complex questions. The present publication addresses both theoretical and — to some extent — methodological challenges faced by the sociologists engaged in researching shared cultural variation within the culture-and-cognition research agenda, and compares it with the status quo in cousin social sciences that share the same cognitive perspective on culture. I specifically focus on the conceptual junctures that follow from the assumptions of shared cultural knowledge and intersubjectively shared cultural worldviews to highlight the important features of culture which can be effectively used for quantitative assessment of complex cultural processes. While I discuss various aspects of the findings and failings attributable to the culture-and-cognition research direction, my principal concern centers on encouraging more enhanced and sensitized interdisciplinary communication, as well as maximized intersections between cognitively oriented studies of culture in different social sciences, to bring the sociological studies of culture and cognition to full fruition.
The foundations of hybrid authoritarian state capitalism in Hungary
Authors: Scheiring Gábor
Published: April 2020

Authoritarian capitalist practices are gaining foothold not only in non-democratic states, such as China, but even in countries with strong liberal institutions. From Greece to the US, an increasing number of countries show its symptoms: curtailing democratic contestation in order to stabilise accumulation. Hungary is one of the most puzzling cases. Hungarian elites followed the good governance blueprints of international institutions, implementing liberal political and economic reforms between 1990 and 2010. For long, the country was considered to be a frontrunner of the third wave of democratisation, yet now it is seen as the prime example of the illiberal turn. Orbán’s political-economic model, hybrid authoritarian capitalism institutionalised by the accumulative state, has been stable for eight years now. To understand the emergence, stability and potential vulnerability of this regime, this article digs deeper into the contradictions of post-socialist liberal policies.
The Predictive Value of Early Changes in 18F-Fluoroestradiol Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography During Fulvestrant 500 mg Therapy in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: He Min , Liu Cheng , Shi Qin , Sun Yuyun , Zhang Yongping , Xu Xiaoping , Yuan Huiyu , Zhang Yingjian , Liu Yin , Liu Guangyu , Di Genhong , Yang Zhongyi , Wang Zhonghua , Shao Zhiming
Published: April 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of early changes in 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) during fulvestrant 500 mg therapy in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

Patients underwent 18F-FES PET/CT scans at both baseline (scan 1) and day 28 (scan 2). The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of all metastatic sites was determined in each scan, and the percentage reduction in SUVmax (ΔSUVmax) was calculated as [(SUVmax on scan 1-SUVmax on scan 2)/ SUVmax on scan 1] * 100%.

Results

In total, 294 18F-FES-positive lesions from 36 patients were identified. The 18F-FES SUVmax varied widely among lesions (median 5.7; range 1.8–32.4) and patients (median 5.1; range 2.5–13.2). After treatment, the median SUVmax among lesions and patients was 2.1 and 2.1, respectively. The ΔSUVmax ranged from −5.1% to 100%, with a median reduction of 61.3%. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cutoff point to discriminate patients who could derive clinical benefit from fulvestrant was determined to be 38.0%. Patients with a median ΔSUVmax ≥38.0% experienced significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those with ΔSUVmax <38.0% (28.0 months vs. 3.5 months, p = .003). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ΔSUVmax ≥38.0% was an independent predictor of PFS benefit in patients receiving fulvestrant therapy.

Conclusion

Changes in SUVmax measured by serial imaging of 18F-FES PET/CT could be used early to predict PFS benefit in patients receiving fulvestrant therapy.

Implications for Practice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in predicting response to fulvestrant 500 mg therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer. This study highlights the utility of FES PET/CT as a predictive factor to discriminate patients who might benefit from fulvestrant. Moreover, these findings showed that this molecular imaging technique might be a potential tool for physicians to make individualized treatment strategies.
Clinical Behavior and Treatment Response of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Implications for the Development of Future Trials
Authors: Corallo Salvatore , Fucà Giovanni , Morano Federica , Salati Massimiliano , Spallanzani Andrea , Gloghini Annunziata , Volpi Chiara Costanza , Trupia Desirè Viola , Lobefaro Riccardo , Guarini Vincenzo , Milione Massimo , Cattaneo Laura , Antista Maria , Prisciandaro Michele , Raimondi Alessandra , Sposito Carlo , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , de Braud Filippo , Pietrantonio Filippo , Di Bartolomeo Maria
Published: April 2020

Background

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric cancers (GCs) have been recently identified as a molecular subgroup showing excellent outcomes after surgery for early-stage disease and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic stage. No data are available on the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of this subgroup of GCs in the metastatic setting.

Materials and Methods

In this cohort study, we assessed the impact of EBV status in patients with metastatic GC treated with chemotherapy at two Italian institutions.

Results

Among the 175 cases analyzed, only 7 (4%) were EBV positive and all showed long-lasting and even complete responses to first-line chemotherapy with fluorouracil and platinum and a significantly better survival compared with EBV-negative patients (3-year overall survival: 80% vs. 20.1%; hazard ratio: 0.12).

Conclusion

If confirmed in larger data sets, our results may give a strong rationale for investigating the addition of ICIs to chemotherapy, in order to maximize the chance of achieving durable and complete responses in this uncommon subtype of GC.

Implications for Practice

To date, no data are available on the prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive metastatic gastric cancer (GC), a specific subtype of GC showing excellent outcomes after radical surgery in early-stage disease and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This cohort study showed that patients with EBV-positive GC who did not receive ICIs had exceptional, long-lasting, and even complete responses to first-line chemotherapy with fluorouracil and platinum and a significantly better survival compared with EBV-negative patients. If confirmed in larger series, these results may give a strong rationale for investigating the combination of chemotherapy and ICIs to achieve durable and potentially complete response in this uncommon subtype of GC.
Exploring Ways to Improve Access to and Minimize Risk from Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Choi Humberto , Pennell Nathan A.
Published: April 2020

Despite ample evidence of benefit, adoption of lung cancer screening efforts remains low. This commentary focuses on current efforts to improve awareness of the benefits of lung cancer screening and the available screening programs.
FDA Accelerated Approval of Pembrolizumab for Recurrent Locally Advanced or Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bradford Diana , Demko Suzanne , Jin Susan , Mishra-Kalyani Pallavi , Beckles Aaliyah R. , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Lemery Steven , Ward Ashley , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard
Published: April 2020

On December 19, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA, Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ) for adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Approval was based on Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network protocol 9, also known as KEYNOTE-017 (NCT02267603), a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label trial that enrolled 50 patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic MCC who had not received prior systemic therapy for their advanced disease. The major efficacy outcome measures were overall response rate (ORR) and response duration assessed by blinded independent central review per RECIST 1.1. The ORR was 56% (95% confidence interval: 41, 70) with a complete response rate of 24%. The median response duration was not reached. Among the 28 patients with responses, 96% had response durations of greater than 6 months and 54% had response durations of greater than 12 months. The most common adverse reactions of pembrolizumab reported in at least 20% of patients who received pembrolizumab as a single agent were fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, decreased appetite, pruritus, diarrhea, nausea, rash, pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, constipation, pain, and abdominal pain.

Implications for Practice

This report presents key information on the basis for the Food and Drug Administration's accelerated approval of pembrolizumab for the treatment of recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, including efficacy and safety information. This approval provides patients and physicians with an additional treatment option for this aggressive and life-threatening carcinoma.
Accessibility of Massive Open Online Courses on Mathematics for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Kosova Yekaterina , Izetova Milera
Published: April 2020

The paper studies issues of accessibility of massive open online courses (MOOCs) for persons with disabilities. By browsing the catalogues of five leading MOOC-platforms with Russian-language content, 56 MOOCs on undergraduate mathematical disciplines were found. As a result of expert analysis according to 70 criteria, MOOCs’ accessibility for people with disabilities was estimated. Any mistakes related to hyperlinks interpretation, audio playback quality, visualization in graphic browsers, adaptation to mobile devices, color contrast and keyboard controls were not revealed. At the same time, the analysis showed that 100% MOOCs offer no features for customizing a user interface, do not provide access to the content through a text browser; 98% of digital documents, 82% of math content and 91% of tests are incorrectly interpreted by screen readers; 64%, 66% and 52% of the courses, respectively, have no subtitles, shorthand transcripts and outlines to video lessons; no courses provide video interpretation using sign language; in all MOOCs the audio track is not enough for adequate perception of video lessons. The results indicate low accessibility of Russian-language mathematical MOOCs for people with disabilities, especially with severe visual impairments. The accessibility problems are related to technological limitations of the MOOC platforms and to developer errors. The results suggest the need for revising the MOOCs in accordance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG2.1); guaranteeing strict adherence to the guidelines by platforms’ administrators before posting new courses; training MOOCs’ authors and developers in creating accessible learning content; involving persons with disabilities in beta testing of MOOCs.
Microplate Assay for Quantification of Soluble Protein in Ground Coral Samples v1
Authors: Mclachlan Rowan , Price James , Dobson Kerri , Weisleder Noah , G Grottoli Andrea
Published: April 2020

This method for extracting protein from ground coral samples is based on the Bradford assay for the colorimetric detection and quantification of total protein (Bradford, 1976) and is compared to a known standard dilution of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Pierce Inc. and Bio-Rad have developed the reagents and standards necessary for completing the extraction. There are five parts to quantifying total soluble protein in ground corals: 1) grind and sub-sample the coral and store at -80 °C until ready to extract, 2) solubilize protein via cell disruption [detergent lysis and freeze-thaw lysis], 3) separate the dissolved protein from tissue and skeletal particles, 4) quantify the protein concentration via Bradford microassay procedure, and 5) standardize the protein concentration to ash-free dry weight (AFDW). This method was originally developed by Rowan McLachlan with the assistance of Jamie Price and Kerri Dobson and with the guidance of Dr. Noah Weisleder and Andréa Grottoli at The Ohio State University. This protocol was written by Rowan McLachlan and reviewed by all co-authors.
OPTIMALISASI STRATEGI PENGETAHUAN UNTUK KEUNGGULAN BERSAING PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Askolani Askolani , Ciptagustia Annisa , Nugraha Wendy Septian
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan pengaruh antar variabel yaitu strategi pengetahuan dan keunggulan bersaing berkelanjutan perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di UPI, dengan unit analisis seluruh program studi sarjana yang berjumlah 46 program studi tersebar di tujuh fakultas. Adapun teknik penarikan sampling adalah purposive yang melibatkan ketua program studi sebagai sumber datanya dengan alasan sebagai regulator dan partisipan sekaligus. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 82.61% program studi sarjana di UPI ada pada kelompok dengan keunggulan bersaing sementara dan 76.09% program studi sarjana di UPI sudah cukup dalam menjalankan strategi pengetahuan. Selain itu, pembentunkan keunggulan bersaing berkelanjutan program studi sarjana di UPI dipengaruhi oleh penerapan strategi pengetahuan sebesar 34.1%.
ANALISIS DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, EARNING PER SHARE, RETURN ON ASSETS DAN PRICE EARNING RATIO TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM
Authors: Fajrian Fajar , Sumawidjaja Riyandi Nur
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Earning Per Share (EPS), Return on Assets (ROA) terhadap Harga Saham dengan Price Earning Ratio (PER) sebagai Variabel Intervening. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Jenis data sekunder bersumber dari laporan keuangan Bursa Efek Indonesia yang telah dipublikasikan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Debt to Equity Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio; (2) Earning per Share tidak memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio; (3) Return on Assets memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio; (4) Debt to Equity Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham; (5) Earning per Share memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga; (6) Return on Assets tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham; (7) Price Earning Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham; (8) Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share, dan Return on Assets secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio; (9) Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share, Return on Assets dan Price Earning Ratio secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham; (10) Debt to Equity Ratio, Earning per Share dan Return on Assets secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Price Earning Ratio.
The Organizational Engine of Rankings: Connecting “New” and “Old” Institutionalism
Authors: Ringel Leopold , Brankovic Jelena , Werron Tobias
Published: April 2020

When explaining the ubiquity of rankings, researchers tend to emphasize macro or contextual phenomena, such as the power of or the trust in numbers, neoliberal forces, or a general spirit of competition. Meanwhile, the properties of rankers are rarely, if at all, taken into account. In contrast to the received wisdom, we argue that the institutionalization of rankings in different fields is also contingent upon another, often-neglected factor: Over time, rankers have become increasingly more organized. To investigate the role of ranking organizations, we look into the distinct properties of present-day rankings and highlight three dimensions along which rankings have evolved over the course of the twentieth century, namely, publication frequency, handling complex tasks, and audience engagement. On this basis, we argue that these dimensions have to a large extent been affected by formal organization and we show how ranking organizations have over time developed capacities to: (a) publish rankings on a continual basis; (b) handle the often complex production process by means of division of labor; and (c) generate considerable degrees of attention by addressing large and diverse audiences. On a more general note, we argue that accounting for the role of organization in the instutionalization of rankings requires a combination of insights from both “old” and “new” strands of thinking in institutional theory.
Psychophysiological correlates of personality factors of impulsive aggression in subjects with personality disorders and in mentally healthy subjects
Authors: Telesheva K.Y. , Storozheva Z.I. , Myamlin V.V. , Kirenskaya A.V. , Safuanov F.S.
Published: April 2020

The comparative study of sensorimotor gating in the model of acoustic startle response (ASR) and personal traits was provided in mentally healthy offenders (24 s.) and offenders with personal disorders (15 s.) accused of crimes committed by the mechanism of impulsive aggression (IA) was provided. The control group consisted of 39 healthy male volunteers. The battery of psychometric techniques was applied, notably questionnaires of Spielberger, Rusalov’s structure of temperament questionnaire, Rotter’s modified version of the subjective control level assessment, Zuckerman and Buss-Durkee questionnaires. The basic ASR measures and prepulse modification were analyzed. Significantly different IA mechanisms were found in the groups of offenders at both the psychological and neurobiological level. It has been shown that, in individuals with personality disorders, the IA is based on the propensity to realize their own aggressive intentions or motivations, which, apparently, acquires a self-contained motivating value regardless of external stimuli. The important role of emotional factors in the mechanisms of impulsive aggressive reactions was shown in the mentally healthy offenders.
Intelligence, creativity, and ‘PLines’ computer game performance by middle school age students
Authors: Margolis A.A. , Kuravsky L.S. , Voitov V.K. , Gavrilova E.V. , Ermakov S.S. , Petrova G.A. , Shepeleva E.A. , Yurkevich V.S.
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of the study of the relations of psychometric parameters of intelligence and creativity of middle school age students with the efficiency of their problem solving in a computer game, a variant of the famous game “Lines”. The computer game performance was estimated in the final game score. The presence of a weak, but significant positive relationship between the final game score and the indicators of creativity, but not of intelligence, was shown. The obtained empirical data are discussed from the prospects of the use of a computer game as a special diagnostic tool for cognitive abilities, and those psychological variables that can be analyzed as relevant factors for high computer game performance.
Evaluation of Changes in the Occlusion and Occlusal Vertical Dimension in Children Following the Placement of Preformed Metal Crowns Using the Hall Technique
Authors: Joseph Rose Maria , Rao Ashwin P , Srikant N , Karuna YM , Nayak Anupama P
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To evaluate the time taken and the mechanism through which the occlusion settles following the placement of a preformed metal crown (PMC) using the Hall technique. The secondary objective was to assess any temporo mandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) resulting from the Hall technique through a questionnaire. Study Design: 44 children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were evaluated for changes in overbite and occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) following the placement of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) using the Hall technique. The overbite and OVD measurements were taken before treatment, immediately post treatment, then at one, two, three and four weeks post treatment. After four weeks, a questionnaire recorded the occurrence of any signs or symptoms of TMD. Results: At the fourth week, the overbite measurement did not show a statistically significant difference (p value= 0.58) compared to baseline values indicating that the occlusion settled by the fourth week. By the third week the OVD values obtained did not show a significant difference compared to the baseline (p value= 0.42) indicating that the OVD had been restored. The questionnaire provided at the end of four weeks showed negative response for signs and symptoms of TMD in all the children. Conclusion: Any changes in occlusion following the placement of a Hall crown settles in four weeks. The OVD settles three weeks post placement implying that extrusion of teeth do not play a role in settling of the occlusion. The children do not develop any signs or symptoms of TMD post a Hall crown.
Dental Erosion Risk Factors in 6 to 12 Year Old children in Mexico City
Authors: Garduño-Picazo MG , Ruiz-Ramos M , Juárez-López MLA
Published: April 2020

Objective: To assess the prevalence and dental erosion risk factors in Mexican schoolchildren. Study design: A transversal and analytical study was conducted on 411 children aged 6 to 12 years old in a public primary school of Mexico City. The children's parents answered a standardized questionnaire about their risk factors, and the Smith and Knight index was applied to assess their dental erosion degree. Results: The prevalence of dental erosion was 62%. The odds ratio and X2 tests revealed that probiotic beverage consumption (OR 1.658; CI 95%: 1.106–2.485; p = 0.014), sports beverages (OR: 2.807; CI 95%: 1.129–6.983; p = 0.021), natural juices (OR: 3.344; CI 95%: 1.556–7.184; p = 0.003), fruits and snacks with hot peppers and lemon (OR: 1.594; CI 95%: 1.066–2.382; p = 0.023), and syrups (OR: 1.869; CI 95%: 1.060–3.296; p = 0.029) were all risk factors for dental erosion. Conclusions: This study indicated that a high existence of dental erosion, which mainly affects the primary molars, is related to the frequent consumption of beverages and foods with acidic pH levels.
Awareness and Experience regarding Child Abuse and Neglect Among Dentists in Turkey
Authors: Kural Didem , Abbasoglu Zerrin , Tanboga İlknur
Published: April 2020

Objectives: This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of child abuse and neglect (CAN) among dentists. Study design: The sample, consisted of 20,298 Turkish Dental Association (TDA) members, which comprise about two thirds of all dentists, specialists, academics and dental PhD students in Turkey. Among the 20,298 emails sent, 1,020 responses were obtained Descriptive analysis was performed and correlations were tested using the Chi-square and Fischer's Exact tests. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the participating dentists, 32.7% were able to identify cases of CAN cases, while 17.1% had suspected cases of child abuse and only 1% of them, reported these, to the authorities. The most frequently cited reasons for hesitation to report CAN cases were lack of adequate history (45%), lack of knowledge about the healthcare worker's role in reporting CAN (18.3%), and considerations of the possible consequences against the child (18.8%). Only 11.6% of the participants had received undergraduate level training on the topic of CAN; The majority (86.5%) expressed the need for further education on this issue, and, also, 84.3% believed that it should be a part of postgraduate education. Conclusions: Improvements in CAN education and continuing education courses are necessary to equip dentistry professionals with adequate knowledge about the physical and behavioral indicators of possible abuse, the current legislation regarding mandated reporting and the procedures for reporting suspected cases.
Psychological Variables in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Guillén Ana Ruiz , Peñacoba Cecilia , Romero Martín
Published: April 2020

Objective: This review analyzes the psychological variables most frequently studied over the last 10 years in children and adolescents with cleft lip/palate (CL/P). Such variables are assumed to be the keys to these patients' psychosocial adjustment. Study design: Articles published from January 2007 to February 2017 were retrieved from PubMed to identify the psychological variables most commonly studied in children and adolescents with CL/P, irrespective of gender or type of cleft. The search terms were “cleft palate” and “psychology”, with the operator AND. Results: Of the 324 articles retrieved, 26 met the criteria for inclusion in the review. The psychological variables most extensively studied over the years were children's social functioning, quality of life and ability to cope. Conclusion: While CL/P patients' quality of life was unanimously agreed to be affected, no consensus was found in the literature on social functioning or coping. In addition to the cleft, patient adjustment was reported to be governed by individual variables and mediators. The range of ages most frequently studied was 7 to 16.
Evaluation of Mannheim peritonitis index to predict outcome of patients with hollow viscus perforation
Authors: Bamrah Jotdeep Singh , Bhargava Gopal Swaroop , Kohli Manu
Published: April 2020

Background: Acute generalized peritonitis from gastrointestinal hollow viscus perforation is a potentially life-threatening condition. Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) is a specific scoring system that facilitates early identification of patients with severe peritonitis for aggressive surgical approach and improved outcomes.Methods: A prospective observational study in 60 patients attending surgical emergency unit with perforation peritonitis was conducted to analyse the predictive capacity of MPI. MPI score was categorized into 3 groups: <21, 21 to 29 and >29. Data was compared for predicting mortality and morbidity. P value, chi square test and 95% CI were used as statistical tools.Results: Two thirds of 60 patients studied were younger than 50 years of age. Prognosis was poorer in patients above 50 years with age. 80% presented after 24 hours. Ileal perforation was the commonest etiology. Morbidity and mortality were worst in patients with MPI score >29.Conclusions: Mannheim peritonitis index is disease specific, easy to apply and effective scoring system predicting the outcome in perforation peritonitis, with increasing MPI score being directly proportional to higher mortality and morbidity of the patient.
MRI-Based Deep Learning Segmentation and Radiomics of Sarcoma in Mice
Authors: Holbrook M. D. , Blocker S. J. , Mowery Y. M. , Badea A. , Qi Y. , Xu E. S. , Kirsch D. G. , Johnson G. A. , Badea C. T.
Published: April 2020

Small-animal imaging is an essential tool that provides noninvasive, longitudinal insight into novel cancer therapies. However, considerable variability in image analysis techniques can lead to inconsistent results. We have developed quantitative imaging for application in the preclinical arm of a coclinical trial by using a genetically engineered mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were acquired 1 day before and 1 week after radiation therapy. After the second MRI, the primary tumor was surgically removed by amputating the tumor-bearing hind limb, and mice were followed for up to 6 months. An automatic analysis pipeline was used for multicontrast MRI data using a convolutional neural network for tumor segmentation followed by radiomics analysis. We then calculated radiomics features for the tumor, the peritumoral area, and the 2 combined. The first radiomics analysis focused on features most indicative of radiation therapy effects; the second radiomics analysis looked for features that might predict primary tumor recurrence. The segmentation results indicated that Dice scores were similar when using multicontrast versus single T2-weighted data (0.863 vs 0.861). One week post RT, larger tumor volumes were measured, and radiomics analysis showed greater heterogeneity. In the tumor and peritumoral area, radiomics features were predictive of primary tumor recurrence (AUC: 0.79). We have created an image processing pipeline for high-throughput, reduced-bias segmentation of multiparametric tumor MRI data and radiomics analysis, to better our understanding of preclinical imaging and the insights it provides when studying new cancer therapies.