bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V-r-d Fiilinin Semantik Analizi Bağlamında “Sizden Herkes Cehenneme Uğrayacaktır” Ayetinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERSÖZ Muhammed
Published: November 2023

Kur’an ayetlerinin anlaşılması ve yorumlanması konusunda tarihten günümüze kadar birçok ihtilaf meydana gelmiştir. İlk bakışta anlamı net gibi görünen bir ayetin yorumunda detaylar gündeme geldiği ve konunun keyfiyetine dair görüşler ortaya konulduğu zaman ayetin yorumunda daha fazla ihtilaf meydana gelmektedir. Çünkü ayetin kime hitap ettiği, ayetle kastedilenlerin kim olduğu, ayetin hangi zamansal bağlamda indiği ve ayetin ortaya koyduğu durumlar herkes için aynı geçerliliğe sahip olup olmadığı konusu yorumda farklılığın derinleşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu ihtilaflar bazen yorumda çeşitliliği beraberinde getirirken bazen de birbirleriyle uzlaştırılması mümkün olmayan, birbirlerinden oldukça kopuk ve birbirlerini kökten reddeden görüşler de olabilmektedir. “Sizden Herkes Cehenneme Uğrayacaktır” ayetinin yorumunda ayette kastedilenlerin kimler olduğu, cehenneme girişin mahiyetinin ne olduğu ve bu ayetin kapsamına kimlerin girdiği konusunda birbirinden farklı birçok görüş ortaya konulmuştur. Müfessirler Kur’an’ın bütünlüğü içerisinde bu ayetin yorum olarak nereye konumlandırılacağı konusunu çözmek için birtakım delillere başvurmuşlar ve bir kanaate ulaşmışlardır. Kimisi bu ayetin sadece inkârcılara yönelik olduğunu söylemiş kimisi de bu ayetin herkesi kapsayan bir ayet olduğunu ancak inananların cehenneme girişinin geçici bir giriş olup azap amacı taşımadığını söylemiştir. Bu çalışma “Sizden Herkes Cehenneme Uğrayacaktır (Ve İn Minküm İllâ Vâriduhâ)” ayetinin yorumu hakkında ortaya çıkmış ihtilafları ortaya koymayı ve bu ihtilafları v-r-d fiilinin semantik analizi bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamızda öncelikle v-r-d fiilinin etimolojik yapısını incelenmiş ve kelimenin sözlük anlamı ortaya konulmuştur. Sonra bu kelimenin nüzul öncesindeki anlamını tespit etmek için cahiliye şiirlerinde bu fiil kökünün taşıdığı anlamları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ardından bu fiil kökünün Kur’an’da geçtiği yerler incelenmiş ve geçtiği bağlamlardaki anlamlara işaret edilmiştir. Sonraki aşama olarak “Sizden Herkes Cehenneme Uğrayacaktır” ayetinin yorumuyla alakalı günümüze kadar gelen ihtilaflar ortaya konulmuştur. Bu ihtilaflar da Kur’an’ın ilk muhataplarından gelen tefsir rivayetlerinden başlanarak günümüze kadar yazılmış klasik ve modern tefsir çalışmalarına sıklıkla müracaat edilerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve bu ihtilaflar kendi içerisinde tasnif edilerek sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Akabinde ayette geçen v-r-d fiilinin semantik analizinden elde edilen veriler göz önünde bulundurularak ayetin yorumuna katkı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır. Netice olarak da hiç kimse istisna edilmeksizin bütün insanların cehenneme uğrayacağından bahseden bu ayette neden bu fiil kökünün tercih edildiği konusu tartışılmıştır.
Rectal Hemorrhage Revealing Rectal Cancer After Anticoagulation in A Patient with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: ABDELBAKI Mr. , KHELLAFI N.
Published: November 2023

Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The concomitant presence of cancer and acute coronary syndrome is not uncommon, ranging from 1.9% to 4.2%. We report our experience in a patient suffering from an acute coronary syndrome treated by medical treatment where the use of anticoagulants caused rectal bleeding revealing rectal cancer.
The Benefit of Nutrition in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Benalikhoudja H. , Abdelbaki M. , Boudiaf Djoudi E.
Published: November 2023

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition of the coronary arteries that supply the heart. It is a narrowing of one or more coronary arteries. It is caused by atherosclerosis which is due to the action of fatty deposits of cholesterol. When blood flow is slowed by a blocked artery, the myocardium is no longer properly oxygenated. Coronary heart disease represents a major socio-economic challenge. In addition to genetics, the main risk factors for coronary heart disease are lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse and poor diet. The mortality rate linked to CD in the world and in Algeria is 34%. Our study involved 40 patients taken at random. It was carried out by collecting biological, clinical and anthropometric data collected during consultations. Our objective was to show the benefit of diet in the prevention of modifiable risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol) and compare our results with those found in the literature.
Co-conversion of Industrial Biowaste Mixtures by Hydrothermal Method and Application to Cu2+ Adsorption
Authors: AKKAYA SAYĞILI Gülbahar , SAYĞILI Hasan
Published: November 2023

In present work, a novel carbonaceous product (HPSHC) was obtained by hydrothermal co-carbonization (co-HTC) of hazelnut and peanut shells (HS and PS). HS and PS were mixed at a mixing ratio of 1:1 by mass and subjected to co-HTC treatment at 220°C for 6 hours’ reaction time. The physicochemical characteristics of the produced HPSHC such as atomic carbon content, mass yield, higher heating value and energy density were determined. In addition, attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was taken to determine the surface functional groups and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to highlight the surface morphology. HPSHC was utilize as a sorbent sample in copper ions (Cu(II)) adsorption. The rate and equilibrium parameters of the system were calculated by kinetic and isotherm modeling of the adsorption. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption was consistent with the pseudo-second order kinetic model, and isotherm studies showed that it was obeyed the Langmuir model. A theoretical maximal uptake capacity (qm) was calculated 39.90 mg/g. In addition, as a result of thermodynamic calculations using equilibrium constants, it was observed that the adsorption of Cu(II) on HPSHC is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Şanlıurfa ili Eyyubiye İlçesi Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Bulunan Barınakların yapısal özellikleri ve Yetiştiricilerin Öğrenim Durumlarıyla İlişkileri
Authors: DOĞANAY Soner , YANAR Mete
Published: November 2023

Şanlıurfa ili Eyyubiye ilçesinde mevcut sığır barınaklarının yapısal özellikleri ile mevcut problemlerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla bu araştırma yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Eyyubiye ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren 985 adet sığırcılık işletmesinden basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen 135 yetiştiriciyle anket yapılmıştır. İlçedeki sığır barınaklarının sığır barınaklarının %61,5’inin müstakil, %25,9’unun mağara ve %12,6’sı ise ev altı konumlarda oldukları ve yetiştiricilerin öğrenim seviyeleri yükseldikçe ev altı ahırlara sahip işletmeci sayısının azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ahırların çoğunluğunun (%35,1’i) 100 baş ve üzeri kapasiteye sahip olduğu, %44’ünün yarı açık ahır ve %26.1’inin de mağara tipinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ahırlarda duvar yapı malzemesi olarak genellikle taş, briket ve ahşap kullanılırken, çatı malzemesi olarak ta büyük oranda (%51,1) sacın tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Eyyubiye ilçesindeki sığırcılık işletmelerinin % 65,9’unda ahır içi ayrı buzağı bölümü, %51,1’in de hasta hayvan bölmesi, %14,8’inde doğum bölmesi, % 13,3’ünde de damızlık boğa bölmesi bulunduğu da belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, eski ve halen kullanılan sığır barınaklarının yapısal sorunları olduğunu gösterirken, son yıllarda yapılan yarı açık ahırlarda söz konusu problemlerin minimum düzeylerde olduğu da belirlenmiştir.
Spór o model społeczeństwa na łamach „Przeglądu Tygodniowego” i „Przeglądu Katolickiego” w latach 1864-1880
Authors: Markiewicz Grzegorz
Published: November 2023

Celem mojej pracy jest próba rekonstrukcji zasadniczych elementów sporów przebiegających na płaszczyznach teoretycznych i występujących na łamach wybranych tytułów prasy warszawskiej: „Przeglądu Tygodniowego” i „Przeglądu Katolickiego”. Charakter sporu, sposób i zakres argumentacji sytuują obydwa tytuły na ważnym miejscu w hierarchii czasopism tej epoki. Decydujące znaczenie ma tu fakt, iż oba reprezentowały całkowicie odmienne podłoża światopoglądowe: pozytywistyczny i katolicki. Oba także reprezentowały odmienne kręgi społeczne: „Przegląd Tygodniowy” nieformalną grupę radykalnej inteligencji, „Przegląd Katolicki” sformalizowaną instytucję - Kościół. Przy tak dalekich rozbieżnościach światopoglądowych konflikt obu stron był nieunikniony, tym bardziej że obu pismom wspólna była chęć kształtowania opinii i mentalności ogółu społeczeństwa, które znalazło się w orbicie zainteresowań obu tygodników. Wydaje się, iż właściwym terminem dla określenia toczącej się na łamach obu pism polemiki jest termin „spór”, a nie „dyskusja”. Prezentując ów spór nie zamierzam referować poglądów obu stron, ale pragnę przedstawić argumenty, jakimi się posługiwały, oraz zrekonstruować wizje społeczeństwa, jakie starały się stworzyć. Konfrontacja obu wizji wydaje się interesująca, gdyż przy dwóch całkowicie różnych założeniach światopoglądowych obie strony stawały wobec tej samej rzeczywistości historycznej, społeczno-ekonomicznej i obyczajowej. Rzeczywistości, dodajmy, będącej w trakcie intensywnych przemian. Podstawowe pytanie sprowadzało się do tego, czy i jak dalece rozbieżności światopoglądowe pokrywały się z rozbieżnościami w ocenie aktualnej sytuacji i stosunkiem do niej.
Aproximaciones a la caracterización neuropsicológica de la primera infancia en Colombia
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Martha Cecilia , Romero Otálvaro Ana María , Calle Sandoval Diego Alejandro , Grañana Nora
Published: November 2023

El texto es pionero en el estudio de la génesis de las funciones neuropsicológicas a edades tempranas, y ofrece instrumentos útiles para e estudio y la detección temprana de las patologías neuropsicológicas, con un soporte empírico para la comprensión de factores que afectan el desarrollo de estas funciones.
La Organización Mundial del Comercio, los educational services y la universidad
Authors: Páez Guzmán Esaú Ricardo
Published: November 2023

Este libro se orienta al mercado incorporando toda una práctica y una ética de la competitividad y el éxito. Desencadenando un proceso de individualización de las prácticas y las metas. La privatización de los espacios públicos, de los bienes públicos y de las obligaciones públicas se dan en un espacio que no necesariamente tiene que ver con las formas de propiedad. Tal es la empresarización. La constitución de empresas como una especie de endogenismo empresaria. Una nueva práctica de gestión se impone, de manera generalizada, e impone una nueva alma institucional: la empresa.
Caracterización de la gerencia de proyectos de construcción en la ciudad de Tunja
Authors: Sarmiento Rojas Jorge Andrés , Medina Suárez María Nuncia , Gutiérrez Junco Óscar Javier
Published: November 2023

El presente libro es el compendio del proceso de investigación realizado en Tunja (Boyacá) por los autores en el año 2018, con la finalizad de identificar, analizar y caracterizar la gerencia de proyectos para el sector de la construcción en la ciudad.  Esta investigación se realizó con un levantamiento de información primaria aplicado a cada uno de los gerentes o encargados de los proyectos en ejecución, para su posterior análisis, contextualización y presentación de los resultados.
Manajemen Pembiayaan Di MTs Bahrul Ulum Krawang Sari Natar Lampung Selatan
Authors: Indillah Muhammad , Yetri Yetri , Amirudin Amirudin
Published: November 2023

Manajemen pembiayaan sekolah merupakan keseluruhan proses upaya memperoleh serta mendaya gunakan seluruh dana di sekolah. Mencari sebanyak mungkin sumber-sumber keuangan dan sumber-sumber untuk mendapatkan dana dari sumber-sumber keuangan. Berdasarkan  hasil survey  penulis  dapat mengidentifikasi masalah yang antara lain: perencanaan keuangan (budgeting), pelaksanaan (accounting) dan pemeriksaan (auditing) belum terlaksana dengan  baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan  metode kualitatif. Sumber data dalam  penelitian ini terdiri dari  kepala Madrasah, Ketua Komite, TU, bendahara, waka kurikulum, waka kesiswaan, guru-guru. Pengumpulan data  dalam penelitian ini  menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi  dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui  tiga tahapan  yaitu reduksi data, penyajian  data dan menarik kesimpulan  yang kemudian diuraikan  secara deskriptif. Dengan implementasi manajemen pembiayaan   melalui fungsi- fungsi  manajemen keuangan yaitu perencanaan keuangan (budgeting), pelaksanaan (accounting), pemeriksaan (auditing). Implementasi  manajemen  pembiayaan melalui fungsi-fungsi manajemen keuangan  di MTs Bahrul Ulum Krawang Sari Natar sudah berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Melalui penelitian  ini penulis merekomendasikan  kepada pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan perencanaan  keuangan  (budgeting) agar dapat menambah jumlah  sarana prasarana pendidikan  berupa gedung kantor/belajar  dan inventaris.
Implementasi Manajemen Mutu Terpadu di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Bandar Lampung
Authors: Nadia Putri , Patimah Siti , Subandi Subandi , Junaidah Junaidah , Ayu Sovia Mas
Published: November 2023

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah Tingginya minat masyarakat yang masih berlomba-lomba untuk memasukkan anaknya di MAN 1 Bandar Lampung, jumlah pendaftaran siswa baru setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan jumlah pendaftar walaupun tidak terlihat signifikan. Namun terlihat ada peningkatan jumlah pendaftar disetiap tahunnya. Hal ini juga karena banyaknya generasi keluarga siswa yang kembali menempuh pendidikan di MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggali tentang pelaksanaan manajemen mutu terpadu di MAN 1 Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereduksi data, setelah itu disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi dan diverifikasi dengan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Implementasi dalam manajemen mutu terpadu di MAN 1 Bandar Lampung, sudah baik yaitu secara terus-menerus diupayakan dengan mengedepankan layanan kepuasan pelanggan (Peserta didik), sudah melibatkan semua warga madrasah melalui  rapat guru setiap satu bulan atau dua bulan sekali, mempunyai struktur organisasi yang mengandung kontrol, kepala madrasah membangun komitmen dengan cara memberdayakan seluruh warga madrasah sesuai dengan kompetensi dan kapasitas yang dimiliki untuk berkontribusi meningkatkan mutu, manajemen madrasah selalu melakukan upaya-upaya kreatif untuk memuaskan layanan peserta didiknya seperti mendatangkan motivator.
Evaluasi Kurikulum: Relevansi Ranah Afektif Dengan Pengamalan Sikap Toleransi dan Kepercayaan Diri
Authors: Ismail Fajri
Published: November 2023

Hasil penilaian ranah afektif belum diketahui berdampak nyata pada perubahan sikap peserta didik sehari-hari, seperti dalam sikap toleransi dan kepercayaan diri, terutama pasca Covid-19. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relevansi hasil penilaian afektif dengan pengamalan sikap toleransi dan kepercayaan diri peserta didik. Ranah afektif dipilih karena fakta literatur sangat minim mengkaji evaluasi afektif dan pengamalan sikap toleransi dan kepercayaan diri. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan skala sikap, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Pertama, ditemukan relevansi hasil penilaian ranah afektif dengan sikap sikap toleransi pada tiga aspek yaitu (a) menerima adat dan budaya oranglain, (b) mendengarkan oranglain, (c) bekerjasama dan berdiskusi dengan oranglain kategori sangat tinggi, dan relevansi kategori sedang pada aspek memahami sudut pandang oranglain. Kedua, relevansi dengan sikap kepercayaan diri ditemukan sangat tinggi pada aspek mencintai diri sendiri dan mengenal diri sendiri, dan relevan dengan kategori sedang pada aspek kemampuan berdamai dengan diri sendiri dan mempunyai tujuan yang jelas.
Migration from Russia to Kyrgyzstan: demographic and sociological aspects: [monograph]
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Osadchaya G.I. , Aliev Sh. I. ,   Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) Academies of Labor and Social Relations, Vartanova M. L. ,   Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation, Volkova O.A. ,   Institute for Demographic Research of FCTAS RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2023

Монография посвящена анализу процессов миграции из России в Кыргызстан в современных условиях. В работе обоснован авторский подход к изучению миграции из России в Кыргызстан, проанализирована демографическая ситуация и демографическая политика Кыргызстана. Дана оценка масштабов и причин возвратной миграции граждан Кыргызстана и эмиграции россиян в КР, выявлены профиль возвратных мигрантов и эмигрантов, социально-экономические проблемы реинтеграции и социально-экономический потенциал возвратных мигрантов. Показаны представления опрошенных о собственных жизненных возможностях, жизненных стратегиях, шансах на успех. Раскрыта деятельность и потенциал некоммерческих неправительственных организаций по оказанию помощи возвратным мигрантам в Кыргызстане. Издание предназначено для широкого круга исследователей, преподавателей вузов, докторантов, аспирантов, магистрантов, студентов, а также специалистов в области управления миграционными процессами.
A Theory of Legal Personhood by Visa A.J. Kurki
Authors: Pratama Mohammad Alvi , Rizkiyah Eva Laila
Published: November 2023

The article is a book review that supposedly does not need an abstract.
Harmonizing International Commercial Arbitration: A Special Focus on Time Limit to Setting Aside an Award
Authors: Gadkari Ahan Mohit
Published: November 2023

Harmonizing international commercial arbitration with domestic courts is paramount in international commercial law. In this aspect, the time limit decided for setting aside an award is an essential aspect of the entire process of harmonization. By using in-depth analysis, this paper aimed to analyze the judicial practice of the period to set aside an award across common law jurisdictions. This paper contended that domestic courts lack the authority to extend the period for applying to vacate an award and some recurrent fact patterns that arise when parties attempt to argue for such discretion and how courts in other countries have addressed comparable instances. It delved into the harmonization of international commercial arbitration by considering the authority of domestic courts to extend the period for applying to vacate the award given that a significant reason for the success of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (Model Law) is the cross-jurisdictional consistency of standards that can result from the Model Law's uniform application, particularly concerning those provisions considered mandatory. While leaving aside common law jurisdictions that have not adopted the Model Law, one would expect that the Common Law jurisdictions that have adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law must be consistent in their interpretations. Then, a proper international jurisprudence will harmonize international commercial arbitration proceedings globally for the benefit of parties. However, such cross-border uniformity is difficult to establish, as the Model Law discussed in this paper showed. Article 34(3) of the Model Law on the time bar for setting aside an award, not providing domestic courts the authority to extend this time restriction, several unusual cases from Asian Model Law States imply that such authority exists.

KEYWORDS: International Commercial Arbitration, UNCITRAL, Model Law.
Promoting the Responsibility to Protect through Non-State Armed Groups: Overcoming the Legal and Regulatory Constraints
Authors: Nnawulezi Uche , Nwaechefu Hilary
Published: November 2023

Promoting responsibility to protect through non-state armed groups will immensely reduce humanitarian crises around the globe. This paper aimed to analyze in detail the notion of responsibility to protect through non-state armed groups and its constitutive elements and set out a legal test that will expand the pre-existing notion of humanitarian intervention. In doing so, the paper advanced several conceptual arguments that focused on the responsibility to protect. The paper analyzed its views in light of contemporary developments on the responsibility to protect. The paper adopted a diagnostic approach based on a review of the literature and an evidence-based analysis of the humanitarian engagement of non-state armed groups. This paper showed the importance of reiterating that if the future of humanitarian intervention must be guaranteed, the need to take cognizance of the significant role of non-state armed groups in conflict mediation or intervention should not be overlooked. It is advanced that the continued neglect of non-state armed groups in conflict mediation or intervention portends a clog in responsibility to protect during armed conflicts.

KEYWORDS: Responsibility to Protect, Non-State Actors, Armed Groups.
Addressing the Necessity for a 'Witness Protection Law' to Eliminate Backlogs in Criminal Cases in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Khalid , Rahman Md Maksudur
Published: November 2023

The testimony of the witness is regarded as the primary evidence by the court when convicting someone under criminal law. Consequently, the accused makes the witness their major target in an effort to disrupt a fair trial, which makes the witness uninterested in supporting the allegation. However, Bangladesh does not currently have a law specifically addressing witness protection, while the need for such a law is growing, and the concerned parties and the court are urging the government to do so. This paper aims to show that the witness protection statute significantly influences the reduction of criminal case backlogs. To investigate the aforementioned argument, the writers have considered the witness protection law and the backlog in criminal cases. Besides, this research emphasizes the necessity for effective witness protection measures by drafting thorough criminal legislation in Bangladesh. The authors applied the quantitative approach using a systematic questionnaire to conduct a survey of 271 respondents, who were chosen by the researchers to comprehensively understand the necessity for witness protection laws and how they relate to the backlog of criminal cases to substantiate the paper's argument. Witness testimony is important evidence, yet the law of our country makes no separate anticipation of witness protection. Occasionally, witnesses are threatened, which makes them unwilling to testify honestly and obstructs the delivery of impartial justice. Besides, witnesses decide not to testify because they fear being marked out in the future. Consequently, every day that the case is unresolved adds to the backlog at the court. Only when separate laws were to be created for the witnesses would it benefit the witnesses and reduce backlogs.
Legislative Policy and Accountability for Pollution Crimes by Ship Operations in Indonesian Waters
Authors: Huzaeni Muchamad , Basri Achmad Hasan
Published: November 2023

Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah mengkaji kebijakan legislatif yang mengatur tindak pidana pencemaran di perairan Indonesia berdasarkan UU PPLH dan UU Perkapalan serta pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku pencemaran di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan penegakan hukum, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil penelitian tersebut merupakan kebijakan legislatif tentang pencemaran di perairan yang diatur dalam UU PPLH dengan UU Perkapalan, telah terjadi ketidakselarasan norma terkait tindak pidana pencemaran di perairan yang dilakukan oleh operasional kapal, ketentuan hukuman pidana atau denda yang berbeda sehingga dalam penerapannya menjadi multitafsir dan akan berdampak pada ketidakpastian. Pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku pencemaran di perairan dapat diterapkan berdasarkan UU Perkapalan. Terhadap awak kapal yang lalai melakukan pencegahan mengikuti Pasal 324 jo 227 UU Pelayaran. Terhadap kapten, apabila berkaitan dengan pengoperasian kapal di luar ketentuan, serta terhadap siapapun yang berada di dalam kapal yang tidak membutuhkan perintah kapten atau awak kapal yang diilustrasikan oleh Pasal 325 jo 229 UU Pelayaran.
The Freedom of Contract: The Indonesian Court's Decisions on Internasional Bussiness Disputes
Authors: Ali Moh. , Prakoso Bhim
Published: November 2023

The presence of free trade zone and the increase in cross-border trade, have led to a significant increase in transnational legal relations. As a result, international contracts have become more common, and the principles of freedom of contract, including the freedom to choose the law and forum, have become increasingly important. Freedom of contract is a very universal principle. Almost all countries in the world recognize it as a very fundamental principle in contracts, even in international business contracts. This principle recognizes that contracts made by the parties act as laws for the parties that compile them. However, there is still lacking consistency among Indonesian judges in their interpretation of the choice of law and forum in international contracts. This study examined the raison d’ etre of different views and decisions of Indonesian judges in interpreting the choice of law and the choice of forum, and its implication to the principle of legal certainty in international business disputes. Through the normative legal research which elaborated with a case study, this research finds that The views of some Indonesian court judges deviate from the principle of freedom of contract where the law that has been chosen by the parties is based on considerations of the principle of effectiveness besides focusing on the nature of the case handled so that the decision can be executable. The court may need to balance the principle of freedom of contract with other important considerations in order to arrive at a fair decision. This is why it is important for judges to have a clear understanding of both the principles of freedom of contract and the practical implications of their decisions in order to promote legal certainty in international business transactions.
A Critical Evaluation of Environmental Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Bangladesh: Addressing Challenges and Insights
Authors: Uddin Md. Ala
Published: November 2023

Pollution is now the greatest dangerous threat to humanity. Nowadays, everyone scares pollution more than nuclear blasts. Human well-being and economic prosperity have made environmental conservation a critical global issue. Bangladesh is dealing with a number of environmental issues, including deforestation, land degradation, air pollution, water contamination, and biodiversity loss. In Part II (Fundamental Principles of State Policy) of the Bangladesh Constitution, Article 18A states, "The State shall strive to protect and develop the environment, as well as preserve and safeguard natural resources, biodiversity, wetlands, forests, and wild life for current and future inhabitants." However, Article 8(2) of the aforementioned Constitution stipulates that the fundamental principles outlined in Part II of the Constitution are not judicially enforceable. As a result, it is apparent that the Bangladesh Constitution does not contain any direct environmental protection. Furthermore, Bangladesh's constitution does not recognize the right to a healthy environment as a fundamental right. In Bangladesh, the environment doesn't at all promote healthy living. Severe air, water, and noise pollution endangers human health, ecosystems, and Bangladesh's economic progress. Population growth, the usage of fossil fuels, industrialization, and motorized vehicles all contribute to air pollution. Water contamination is the result of industrialization. The Government of Bangladesh has adopted various laws pertaining to environmental issues, such as the Environment Court Act, 2010, the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995, the National River Protection Commission Act, 2013, the Bangladesh Water Act, 2013, etc. Despite the adoption of several laws and regulations, environmental pollution in the country persisted. This paper is qualitative in nature. The main purpose of this paper is to deliver a brief outline of the current legal regime dealing to the environment, as well as to identify environmental dispute resolution procedures within Bangladesh's existing legal framework. It will also investigate into the legal hurdles to pursuing environmental justice. This study presents some observations on achieving access to environmental justice for all population groups in Bangladesh.
Embracing the Gig Economy
Authors: Yunita Fenny Tria
Published: November 2023

The post-pandemic economic landscape has witnessed the emergence of a worldwide sharing economy system, commonly known as the ‘gig economy’. This system represents a significant transformation in labor and services exchange characterized by short-term jobs, freelance, or on-demand work arrangements facilitated by digital platforms. Recently, the gig economy has emerged as a highly promising employment preference due to its flexibility. However, it has also led to significant inequality issues for traditional workers. Moreover, this sharing economy system also exerts substantial impacts on the environment.
ASPEK MISE EN SCENE DALAM MENGGAMBARKAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU TOKOH MARIA PADA FILM LOOK AWAY
Authors: IBAD GEMMA IRSYADIL , Wajihudin Wajihudin , Suharijadi Didik
Published: November 2023

This study discusses mise-en-scene in describing changes in the behavior of Maria's characters in the film Look Away. The study was conducted to describe the behavior and behavior changes of Maria's characters in the film Look Away through the mise-en-scene aspect. The research data was examined using the theory of mise-en-scene and psychoanalysis Sigmund freud. Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud was used to analyze behavior and changes in Maria's character behavior, while mise-en-scene was used to analyze visual aspects in describing changes in Maria's character's behavior in the Look Away movie. This study uses a type of qualitative research using descriptive methods. Based on the research that has been done, it is known that Maria is the main character who is kind and shy, while the figure of Airam is a supporting figure as well as an antagonist who has a bad character, and is the mastermind of the occurrence of all conflicts in the story in Look Away. Mise-en-scene elements such as settings, costumes and make-up, as well as players and movements are able to describe changes in Maria's character's behavior as a shy person who becomes a character who looks evil and gives a scary impression to friends who often make Maria worse.
Mango peel as a potential enzyme inducer in Trichoderma harzianum
Authors: Bem Jéssica Silva Peixoto , Polizello Ana Cristina Morseli , Cabral Hamilton , Rosa-Garzon Nathalia Gonsales da , Rechia Carem Gledes Vargas , Aires Carolina Patrícia
Published: November 2023

Water-insoluble exopolysaccharides (I-EPS) are a virulence factor for dental biofilms. It has already been demonstrated that mango pulp induces the secretion of glucan-hydrolytic enzymes in the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, and that they have an effect on I-EPS from young biofilms. Aim: Evaluate the effect of mango peel as an enzyme inducer in T. harzianum, and the effect of enzymes secreted on mature biofilms. Methods: Fractions of the peel (PL) and ethanol-precipitated pulp (PP) of Tommy Atkins mangoes were sterilized and added to a culture medium containing T. harzianum for induction of hydrolytic enzymes. After 192 h, the culture medium was centrifuged and the supernatant (enzyme extract) was used as treatment on S. mutans biofilms (n=9): a) NaCl 0.9 %; b) 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate; and c) extract of enzymes induced by PL or PP. Acidogenicity, bacterial viability, quantification of insoluble polysaccharides, and three-dimensional analysis of the biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (α=5 %). Results: The hydrolytic enzymes did not alter the metabolism or bacterial viability of the biofilm (p<0.05). Although the images obtained by SEM suggest some degree of matrix degradation, the quantification of I-EPS for the PL and PP groups did not differ from the control group (p>0.05), suggesting a slight effect on the disorganization of the mature S. mutans biofilm. Conclusion: The results suggest that mango peel fraction can induce secretion of mutanase by T. harzianum, however in an insufficient amount to generate significant degradation on cariogenic biofilm.
A Comprehensive Review of EV Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation
Authors: Rufino Júnior Carlos Antônio , Sanseverino Eleonora Riva , Gallo Pierluigi , Amaral Murilo Machado , Koch Daniel , Kotak Yash , Diel Sergej , Gero Walter , Schweiger Hans-Georg , Zanin Hudson
Published: November 2023

Lithium-ion batteries with improved energy densities have made understanding the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) generation mechanisms that cause mechanical, thermal, and chemical failures more complicated. SEI processes reduce battery capacity and power. Thus, a review of this area's understanding is important. It is essential to know how batteries degrade in EVs to estimate battery lifespan as it goes, predict, and minimize losses, and determine the ideal time for a replacement. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs mainly suffer two types of degradation: calendar degradation and cycling degradation. Despite the existence of several existing works in the literature, several aspects of battery degradation remain unclear or have not been analyzed in detail. This work presents a systematic review of existing works in the literature. The results of the present investigation provide insight into the complex relationships among various factors affecting battery degradation mechanisms. Specifically, this systematic review examined the effects of time, side reactions, temperature fluctuations, high charge/discharge rates, depth of discharge, mechanical stress, thermal stress, and the voltage relationship on battery performance and longevity. The results revealed that these factors interact in complex ways to influence the degradation mechanisms of batteries. For example, high charge currents and deep discharges were found to accelerate degradation, while low temperatures and moderate discharge depths were shown to be beneficial for battery longevity. Additionally, the results showed that the relationship between cell voltage and State-of-Charge (SOC) plays a critical role in determining the rate of degradation. Overall, these findings have important implications for the design and operation of battery systems, as they highlight the need to carefully manage a range of factors to maximize battery performance and longevity. The result is an analysis of the main articles published in this field in recent years. This work aims to present new knowledge about fault detection, diagnosis, and management of lithium-ion batteries based on battery degradation concepts. The new knowledge is presented and discussed in a structured and comprehensive way.
Unlocking the Biodegradation Potential: Comparing Cellulase Activity from Unconventional Sources - Rhinoceros Beetle Larvae and Giant African Snails
Authors: BAMIDELE Fagbohunka , Okonji Raphael , Chinenye Isaac , Okanlawon Kehinde
Published: November 2023

The global predicament of solid waste generation looms as a mounting crisis, profoundly impacting the world, particularly in developing nations. Each day, the world's population contributes millions of tonnes of municipal solid waste, with projections pointing toward further escalation in the coming years. This surge in waste, predominantly composed of cellulose-rich materials, correlates directly with heightened pollution, a threat that transcends borders and imperils humanity as a whole.To confront this ever-growing issue, cellulase, a potent hydrolytic enzyme capable of digesting cellulose, a chief component of solid waste, is explored as a potential solution. In this study, we harness cellulase enzymes derived from the digestive tracts of both Archachatina marginata and Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, employing them as biodegradation agents for cellulose-based waste materials.The cellulase enzymes are methodically isolated and partially purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation at 65% saturation. Their efficacy in breaking down a variety of waste categories, encompassing kitchen waste, leaves, paper, wood, and industrial waste, is meticulously assessed and benchmarked against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a well-established laboratory substrate. The study also ascertains the specific activity of these enzymes.Spectrophotometric analyses of the cellulase enzymes' actions on the diverse waste materials unveil intriguing results. Archachatina marginata and Oryctes rhinoceros larvae exhibit distinct performance metrics, registering percentage ranges of (11.04% - 28.31%) and (33.69% - 189.11%) on wood waste, (76.52% - 196%) and (108.56% - 567.01%) on paper waste, (78.57% - 148.14%) and (163.33% - 436.76%) on leaf waste, (57.16% - 179.95%) and (63.38% - 457.05%) on kitchen waste, and (59.95% - 77.51%) and (117.26% - 155.23%) on industrial waste, respectively. This study underscores the substantial biodegradation potential inherent in cellulase enzymes from both Oryctes rhinoceros larvae and Archachatina marginata when applied to diverse waste materials. While the rates and impacts of waste degradation vary between these sources, their promising contributions to waste management come into focus, offering sustainable and innovative approaches to tackle the pressing global challenge of solid waste proliferation.
Modeling Techno-Economic Wood Procurement from Renewable Forests for the Sustainable Energy Supply of a CHP Plant
Authors: Palander Teijo
Published: November 2023

The importance of the national security of supply has been emphasized in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in operating environments. Thanks to autonomy and resiliency in fuel procurement, organizations with decentralized energy plants may be able to quickly adapt to the changing needs of society. The main aim of this study was to increase the sustainability of a Finnish CHP plant's wood procurement by determining the company's profitable wood procurement region while keeping the forests renewable. The income received from the sale of energy and the costs incurred from the procurement of wood were collected from the ERP system as input data for the developed DSS. The environmental sustainability of wood procurement was assessed by considering the additional costs caused through the EEAP mechanism if the carbon sink of the forest worsened due to wood procurement in the area. The supply chains were compared so that the CHP plant managers could adopt the best energy wood value chains. The results showed that updating the procurement strategy would be necessary. The CHP plant managers should purchase energy wood from a larger procurement area than the current one and focus on roadside purchases of wood. The Techno-Economic Wood Payment Ability Model was a useful part of the DSS to guide wood buyers toward sustainable wood procurement by increasing the share of renewable forests.
A 14-Day Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Cross-Over Intervention Study With Anti-bacterial Benzyl Isothiocyanate From Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) on Human Gut Microbiome and Host Defense
Authors: Pfäffle Simon Patrick , Herz Corinna , Brombacher Eva , Proietti Michele , Gigl Michael , Hofstetter Christoph Konrad , Mittermeier-Kleßinger Verena Karolin , Claßen Sophie , Tran Hoai Thi Thu , Dawid Corinna , Kreutz Clemens , Günther Stefan , Lamy Evelyn
Published: November 2023

Despite substantial heterogeneity of studies, there is evidence that antibiotics commonly used in primary care influence the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in terms of changing the composition and/or diversity. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) from the food and medicinal plant nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) is known for its antimicrobial activity and is used for the treatment against infections of the draining urinary tract and upper respiratory tract. Against this background, we raised the question whether 14 d nasturtium intervention (3 g daily, N=30 healthy females) could also impact the normal gut microbiota composition. Spot urinary BITC excretion highly correlated with a weak, but significant antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli. A significant increase in human beta defensin 1 as parameter for host defense was seen in urine and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) upon verum intervention. Pre-to-post analysis revealed that mean gut microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups, nor did circulating serum metabolome. On an individual level, partly large changes were observed between sampling points, though. Explorative Spearman rank correlation analysis in subgroups revealed associations between gut microbiota and the circulating metabolome, as well as between changes in blood markers and bacterial gut species.
Valorization of Acid Leaching Post-Consumer Gypsum Purification Wastewater
Authors: Castro-Díaz Miguel , Cavalaro Sergio , Osmani Mohamed , Morsali Saeed , Gutai Matyas , Needham Paul , Parker Bill , Lovato Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Industries are required to utilize treatment technologies to reduce contaminants in wastewater prior discharge and valorize by-products to increase sustainability and competitiveness. Most acid leaching gypsum purification studies have obviated the treatment of the highly acidic wastewater produced. In this work, acidic wastewater from acid leaching purification of post-consumer gypsum was treated to recover a valuable solid product and reusable water. The main aims of this work were to determine the impact of recirculating acidic and treated wastewaters on the efficiency of the acid leaching purification process and to valorize the impurities in the wastewater. Samples were characterized through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. SimaPro 9.5 and ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method were used for the life cycle assessment of three wastewater management approaches. The reuse of the acidic wastewater did not improve the chemical purity of gypsum. Soluble impurities were precipitated at pH 10.5 as a magnesium-rich gypsum that could be commercialized as fertilizer or soil ameliorant. The alkaline treated water was reused for 6 acid leaching purification cycles without impacting the efficiency of the purification process. An acid leaching-neutralization-filtration-precipitation approach demonstrated superior overall environmental performance. Barriers and enabling measures for the implementation of an in-house wastewater treatment were identified.
Descriptive Method for Sustainable Corporate Capital Management
Authors: Klimek Dariusz , Jędrych Elżbieta
Published: November 2023

This article presents a novel sustainable business management technique, emphasizing description and estimation over the outdated profit metric. Due to the intricacies and challenges of implementing the 2019 capital management method based on capital valuation (implemented in 2020–2022), a simpler approach became essential. While it is plausible for organizations to implement capital management based on their valuation, undertaking it with no outside help presents a challenge.
The new descriptive method is fundamentally distinct in that detailed monetary valuations of capitals are omitted in favor of description and estimation. This paper establishes the groundwork for applying the new approach in several stages and introduces three new management indicators—the overall accomplishment of management goals index (evaluating management efficacy), the capital level index, and the adjustment (compliance) index—replacing the profit metric. Noteworthy advantages include separating the assessment of management outcomes from the organization's condition, including human and social capital into efficiency evaluations, and removing the profit indicator for management purposes, which prevents resource waste and enhances company efficiency and effectiveness.
Vegetation Fires in the Lubumbashi Charcoal Production Basin (The Democratic Republic of the Congo): Drivers, Extent, and Spatio-Temporal Dynamics
Authors: Sikuzani Yannick Useni , Mukenza Médard Mpanda , Muteya Héritier Khoji , Cizungu Nadège Cirezi , Malaisse François , Bogaert Jan
Published: November 2023

In the Lubumbashi charcoal production basin (LCPB) in south-eastern DR Congo, agricultural and charcoal production activities regularly give rise to fires that lead to considerable degradation of the miombo open forest. This study analyzes the drivers of the spatio-temporal distribution of active fires and burnt areas in the LCPB by processing MODIS and Landsat data. In addition, a Kernel density analysis method (KDE) was used to estimate fire risk, while the effect of the road network and dwellings on vegetation fires was highlighted in areas between 0-3000m radius. Obtained results revealed that fires in the LCPB generally occur between April and November mainly during the day, between 11am and 12pm. These fires are concentrated in the central and south-western part of the LCPB, more specifically in the savannahs and near roads. From 2002 to 2022, an average of 11,237 active fires and an average of 6,337 km2 of burnt areas were recorded in the LCPB. Each year, these fires peak in August, and despite their steady decline, the few fires that have affected the forests have caused more devastation (more than 2790 km2 / year) than those observed in the fields and savannah. These figures highlight the imperative need to put in place fire prevention and management measures in the LCPB, with particular emphasis on awareness, monitoring and fire-fighting measures.
Acoustic Emission and Digital Image Correlation Based Methods for Early Damage Identification during Heat Exchanger Testing
Authors: Garcia dela Yedra Aitor , Muñoz Igor Erro , Vivas Javier , Zubiri Oier , Zurutuza Xabier , Sommerhuber Ryan , Kettner Matthias
Published: November 2023

Aircraft heat exchangers play a crucial role in maintaining thermal balance and ensuring that essential components operate efficiently and safely. In this context, it is highly relevant to gain knowledge about the deterioration and the predominant damage mechanisms of these components. In this study, two different non-destructive methods are employed to analyze the damage initiation of a heat exchanger part during fatigue test. On the one hand, Acoustic Emission technique is employed using membrane-free microphones capable of capturing a broad bandwidth. The acoustic events were classified by a machine learning algorithm to determine their source and damage mechanisms. On the other side, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) allowed the measurement of the strain evolution along the test and more precisely, redistributions were considered as damage indicators. As a result, it was identified that AE served as early damage indicator as the cumulative number of events was in good agreement with the severity of the damage. With respect to classification two clear clusters ascribed to different type of events were identified. In the case of DIC, strain redistributions gave clear indications of damage or deterioration but at a later stage compared to AE