bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Desalination Characteristics of Nanofiltration Separation
Authors: Yang Qing , Qiu Xin , Shen Xiang
Published: August 2011

The study discussed the desalination effect of influence factors (operation pressure, salt concentration, pH, ionic valence and etc.) for two different types nanofiltration (NF) (DK and NF90), based on desalination NF characteristics of membrane. The results showed the same desalination characteristics of the two kinds NF that desalination performance decrease directly with NF operation pressure and salt concentration increasing. When pH value was controlled in an acidic range of 4 to 7, it could obtain both high salt removal and membrane flux in salt solution. The salt rejection sequence of two NF was NaCl <MgCl2 <Na2SO4 <MgSO4 <Na3PO4 in different valence salt neuter solution. The different desalination characteristics of two kinds NF showed that monovalent salt rejection of DK (over 35%) was lower than that of NF90 (above 85%). The multivalent salt rejection of two NF showed higher removal efficiency, with DK over 96% and NF90 over 99%.
Temperature Field Measurement of Turning Tool with Thermal Infrared Imager
Authors: Quan Yan Ming , Xu Hao , Ke Zhi Yong
Published: August 2011

The variety of surface emissivity of carbide insert P10 against temperature raise is calibrated with antitheses. The influence of high temperature object near the carbide insert and the open measurement environment of the thermal infrared imager on the calibrated values are investigated. Then the thermal images of turning tool’s rake face are continuously captured by an infrared imager in the designed turning experiment. In the analysis of thermal images, the influence of measurement environment is taken into consideration and varied emissivity values are used to analyze the temperature in different areas of the rake face. A series of measurement results of temperature field in the rake face are achieved and they are consistent with the conventional rules of turning researches.
Three Dimensional Modeling and Aerodynamic Analysis of MW Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Pan Hong , Sun Wen Lei , He Lian Ying
Published: August 2011

Wind turbine blade is one of the key components of wind turbine, and its aerodynamic performance largely determine the reliability of wind turbine. This paper use the momentum - blade element theory, and correction by Prandtl, Wilson correction, Glauert correction and other methods to modify the model of the blade to come to the aerodynamic model, then using the point of the coordinate transformation theory each the airfoil two dimensional coordinate will conversion into space coordinates, using UG of three-dimensional modeling software to model, and finally the aerodynamic performance of airfoil is analyzed. Through modeling and aerodynamic analysis, for the following structure optimization and control strategy laid a foundation.
Simulation of Tracking the Fluid-Fluid Interface with the Level Set Method
Authors: Sun Ming Li , Wang Ming Qiang , Wu De , Chen Qi , Zhang Guang
Published: August 2011

This paper shows how to model two immiscible fluids, tracking the fluid-fluid interface with the level set method. An oil bubble rises through water and merges with oil already residing at the top of the container. The Level Set application mode finds the fluid interface by tracing the isolines of the level set function.
The Design and Simulation of Gear-Shaped Profile Chamfering Structure
Authors: Wang Na Jun , Tang Yu , Wang Peng
Published: August 2011

The paper studies gear chamfering process and carries out process of gear chamfering based on the tooth profile accompanying principle. Based on such method, the cone grinding wheel chamfering structure is designed. Taken the awl grinding wheel head organization as study object, influences of the grinding wheel structure size and installing position is studied. Model of gear chamfering is established based on the spatial geometry relations. Single gear was taken as an example, the degree and size of the edge for such gear after gear chamfering is calculated.
Research on Man-Machine Coordinated Manufacturing Mode Based on Wireless Communication and Internet of Things
Authors: Xia Lian , Han Jiang , Zhu Nian En
Published: August 2011

Through applying the technology of the wireless mobile communication and the wireless sensor network of the internet of things in modern digital floor manufacture systems, the man-machine coordinated manufacturing mode was established based on the digital human perception workshop. In this paper, the structure and characteristics of the manufacturing mode have been analyzed, and the realization methods of perception workshop and the man-machine coordinated manufacturing mode dominated by digital human have been expatiated. To the original data processing of digital artificial leading manufacturing mode, the MLE algorithm of bayesian formula calculations and the bayesian toolkit BNT simulated experiment is used in this paper, and the result of the experiment shows the method is practicable and effective.
The Image Process Technology of Micro-Detection for Jet-Pan Based on CCD
Authors: Shao Dong Xiang , Li Jian , Lin Ru , Wang Guang Lin
Published: August 2011

The jet-pan is a key part of jet-pan servo valve, working performance of the servo valve is directly affected by the machining quality. This paper has realized the high precision measurement on dimension and position accuracy of the jet-pan through the research on CCD optical micro-detection technology. The result of image processing will affect the measuring accuracy directly during the detection, so this paper will put emphasis on discussing the image processing algorithm in the detection of the jet-pan. Through a series of algorithmic combination, this paper will achieve the image process and finally obtain the result.
Study on Rainwater Fast Drain-Collection System in Campus Main-Road
Authors: Fu Nan , Yang Qing , Cai Dong Xuan , Wang Sheng He , Shi Shuai
Published: August 2011

This study was focus on rainwater fast drain-collection system in campus main-road at typical southern rainy climate, from aspects of modified pavement materials, road optimized design and rainwater collection technology and etc. The results indicated the possible measure to improve the campus main-road drainage ability was firstly applied rubblization technology of cement concrete pavement, then paved rubber open-graded asphalt with 10-15cm thickness, meanwhile kept road surface jointing with the rain inlet. The color-road theory application could improve the sidewalk design of the main road in the campus, beautify the road environment, guide the walker flow direction, enhance the road discharge and traffic safety capacity. The urban rainwater of initial 15 minutes should be discarded, according to period rainwater quality data analyzed in this experiment. A mechanical Split-flow pool was design with 500L volume for collecting 15 minutes later rainwater of Xingyuan main-road in Zhejiang Normal University. This collection rainwater with correctly treated could be reused to irrigation, sprinkle and Landscape water in campus.
Research on the Condom Image Detection Algorithm for Automatic Sorting
Authors: Ying Zhu , Li Chang Hui , Gao Wen Peng
Published: August 2011

To realize the automatic sorting before electrical testing of condoms, the position of condom ring needs to be discriminated with image processing method. Procedures for ellipse detection are written based on OpenCV, Gauss filter is applied to smooth the collected images, and then Canny operator is used for edge detection, combined with the modified Hough transform method to determine the ellipse center to achieve the effective detection of the condom ring.
A Wireless Temperature Measuring System for Rotating Spindle Based on ZigBee
Authors: Huo Wen Jian , Yao Xin Hua , Fu Jian Zhong
Published: August 2011

Rotating spindle is the main heat source of machine tool. However, it is hard for the traditional wired sensors to get access to the temperature value in rotating environment. This is one of the largest challenges that the researchers will encounter in machine thermal analysis and machine's state monitoring, and it limits the accuracy of the machine thermal analysis and state monitoring. Recently some researcher begins to adopt wireless communication technologies into the measurement in rotating environment, which would overcome the weakness of wired sensors. This paper first describes the superiors of the popular wireless technology ZigBee. And then presents the design of a wireless temperature measurement system based on ZigBee. In the Last, the system is implemented into a wireless temperature measuring experiment. The result of the experiment proved the stability of the wireless temperature measuring system, and shows the clear advantage of wireless sensors compared with wired sensor in rotating environment.
Dynamical Research on a Micro-Displacement Actuator Based on V-Type Guide-Way
Authors: Ma Ji Jie , Wen Jian Ming , Zeng Ping , Kan Jun Wu , Zhang Zhong Hua
Published: August 2011

A new type of the micro-displacement device based on V-shaped groove by using piezoelectric stack as the driver was presented. The performance characteristic of the driving device was introduced and its working mechanism was discussed. the dynamic formulation of inertial actuator is established, by using matlab software, the kinetic simulation of the actuator is carried out, the structure of newly inertial actuator is designed and manufactured. The simulation and experiment of the actuator is conducted. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results indicates that the simple associated symmetry electrical signal can provide stable stepping movement, the speed of 0.5mm/s, high resolution of 1μm, maximum loading capacity of 600g.
The Application of Fuzzy PID on Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Dong Yun , Chen Wen Ya , Weng Yan
Published: August 2011

The speed fluctuation rate is a bit large in the present universal hydraulic material testing machine, especially when automatic loading switch channels appeared in the process of speed fluctuation. In the meanwhile, when the oil temperature increases, the control effects would become worse. So a controller based on fuzzy self-adaptive PID algorithm is presented. Through fuzzy reasoning and constant amendment to various parameters, this method makes the control results more accurate. Test results show that the method can improve the three closed-loop control channel when switching speed fluctuation, overcome the adverse effects of temperature control effect, and meet the accuracy requirement of the standard loading of the material testing machine, which achieves good experimenting results.
Shear and Squeeze Rheometry of Magnetorheological Fluids
Authors: Wang Hong Yun , Zheng Hui Qiang
Published: August 2011

The mechanical properties of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid in shearing, compression and shearing after compression have been studied in the magnetic field which is generated by a coil carrying different magnitudes of DC electrical current on a self-constructed test system. The relations of compression stress versus compression strain, yield stress versus compression stress were studied under different magnetic fields. The compressing tests showed that the MR fluid is very stiff at small compressive strains lower than 0.13. The shear yield stress of MR fluids after compression was much stronger than that of uncompressed MR fluids under the same magnetic field. The enhanced shear yield stress of MR fluids can be utilized to design the MR clutch and brake for new structure and will make MR fluids technology attractive for many applications.
Optimization of Axis Tilt Machining with Five-Axis Ball-End Cutter
Authors: Zhang Ke Hua , Min Li , Wen Dong Hui
Published: August 2011

A half of covering angle processing method is proposed for optimizing process efficiency and quality with ball-end tool axis tilt. Firstly, according to the features of ball-end tool structural, this paper introduced traditional no-tilt processing problems, such as tool fast wear and poor processing quality, and then verified the effect of tool tilt processing by analyzing and comparing cutting quality with the differences of the no-tilt processing and tilt processing. Finally, it introduced two optimization methods about tool tilt processing, and also made a comparison with its feature. The results show that traditional processing brings about more extrusion and scratches, while little and high efficiency with method of tool tilt processing. Conclusion: it not only brings higher processing quality and efficiency, but also can make the ball-end cutter be longevity of service.
Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Amorphous/Nanocrystal Ni-Mo Deposits
Authors: Li Ning , Li Xi Ping , Cheng Guang Ming
Published: August 2011

Ni-Mo alloys have been studied as a prospected cathode for its higher hydrogen evolution reaction properties than other binary compounds. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microstructures show that the amorphous/nanocrystal Ni-Mo deposits were deposited. The Ni-Mo deposits cathode are electrolyzed in 25°C, 7 mol/L NaOH electrolytic solution. And when η100, the amorphous/nanocrystal Ni-Mo alloy with a lower hydrogen evolution overpotential, a higher exchange current density, and a better electrolytic stability is lower than amorphous Ni-Mo deposits. This is due to the amorphous content combined with nanocrystalline structure, lager contact surface and binding energy of Ni-Mo structure.
A Fast Linear Calibration of Computer Stereo Vision System
Authors: Zhang Ke , Luo Han Pin
Published: August 2011

Computer stereo vision has been paid high attention in areas such as industry measurement and automatic control. Calibration of stereo vision system is a key step to implement vision measurement. Nonlinear calibration method involves too many parameters and too complex function, so the processing of optimization is difficult and slow. In this paper, two digital cameras are used to set up stereo vision system which provides convenient experimental operation. The binocular stereo vision system is calibrated using linear calibration model. The results indicate that the method is stable and fast with high precision and practicability.
An Operation Job Time Dispatching Algorithm for Injection Mold Manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Li Zhong , Yan Ji Hong , Wang Yan Bin
Published: August 2011

The crux of injection mold manufacturing optimize scheduling is the job time dispatching in operation level. In the injection mold manufacturing process, many factors should be considered. The holiday arrangement and the machine’s duty time policy should be calculated in the searching of job time span. Generally, the different machine resources have the different duty time policies. So the available time span of machines is noncontinuous and the daily available time length is different. To a single mold part, the different operations may be made in different plant. The transportation time will change the scheduling result a lot. A Web Service is designed for the transportation time evaluation. An operation job time dispatching algorithm for injection mold manufacturing is proposed. It can be invoked to support the decoding of the GA chromosome representation.
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Research on Sequential Turbocharging of a Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Zhang Peng Qi , He Qing Lin , Wang Yin Yan
Published: August 2011

The paper introduces the working principle of the sequential turbo-charging (STC) system of multi-turbocharger. To improve low-load performance and operating economy of the 234V12 diesel engine, a STC system of multi-turbocharger for the diesel engine was designed. Theoretical calculation and experimental research was done on this improved marine diesel engine. Then, a 3-phase STC system is presented by analyzing and comparing the test result and the switching boundary of this system is confirmed. The test results show that the low-load performance is improved obviously by use of multi-turbocharger STC system.
Research Progress of Green Manufacturing and its Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Han Zi Qiang , Yue Wen Hui , Wang Xiao Jun
Published: August 2011

Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing pattern taking comprehensive consideration of the environmental influence and resources consumption, it is not only a new approach that aims at realizing Eco-Industry and sustainable development of the society, but also a critical path to implement the source control of the environment pollution. Research progress and the development trend about green manufacturing at home and abroad are summarized in detail from process resource environmental attribute analysis and evaluation, the process route decision-making. Then, the uncertainty factors for green manufacturing in the production process are analysed. Finally, some problems about the production process robust optimization decision are discussed.
Study on Modal Parameters Identification Based on Stratified Sampling and Complex Morlet Wavelet Transform
Authors: Jiang Yong Hua , Xu Hong , Cheng Guang Ming , Wen Jian Ming , Ma Ji Jie
Published: August 2011

The natural frequency of large engineering structures are very low and closely, and it’s very difficult to excite the structures by exciter, in order to identify the modal parameters of large engineering structures, a novel modal parameters identification method based on stratified sampling and complex Morlet wavelet transform is proposed. In order to improve the precision of sampling, stratified sampling, which replaces the random sampling, is applied on random decrement method for extracting the free decrement response signal, and a method is introduced to determine the sample layer weights based on fitting deviation and sample size. In order to improve the identification precision of closely spaced modals, a method is developed to adaptive select the bandwidth parameter and scale parameter of the Morlet wavelet based on the principle of minimum wavelet energy entropy and maximum energy. The analysis of data from the model test of Chongqing Chaotianmen bridge show that, the method is effective to identify the low and closely modal parameters.
Technique Project and Experimental Study of Gas-Particle Two-Phase Compulsive Circulation Flows Finishing
Authors: Li Wen Hui , Yang Sheng Qiang , Yang Xiao Chun
Published: August 2011

For the precise hole surface, the burr severely affects products’ performance. Considering the specific conditions of precise hole surface finishing, a new method of gas-particle two-phase compulsive circulation flows finishing is brought up. By numerical simulation of finishing project, its feasibility is defined. Experimental equipment is designed, and its finishing effect is done with experimental study, which provide theoretic and experimental basis for process parameters and thorough research.
Influences of Cutting Edge Radius on Cutting Deformation in High-Speed Machining Ti6Al4V
Authors: Yang Shu Cai , Zheng Min Li , Fan Yi Hang , Zhang De Qiang , Li Ying Bin
Published: August 2011

In order to obtain the influences of cutting edge radius on cutting deformation in high-speed machining Ti6Al4V, cutting temperature, equivalent stress distribution, the chip morphology and cutting deformation coefficient were analyzed in this paper. The results indicated that cutting edge changed the plastic flow of materials around tool tip and the actual tool rake angle, the tool-workpiece and tool-chip contact in cutting process which causes a greater impact on physical and mechanical performance in the given cutting conditions. When the cutting edge radius reached to 0.04mm,the cutting temperature and the equivalent stress existed mutations, which causes the mutation of chips. There was a chip thinning effect with the increase of the cutting edge radius. As the cutting edge radius increased, chip thickness and shear angle decreased, cutting deformation coefficient increased.
Function Simulation Analysis for Conical Spring of DANA Axis-Fixed Transmission
Authors: Li Da Lei , Yin Yue Feng , Ding Fang Fang
Published: August 2011

The conical spring is one critical part of DANA MHR-3200 series Transmission, its structure is compact and it has good stability and used for bearing larger load and vibration attenuation. Using SolidWorks Simulation to conduct simulation analysis for the stiffness and modality of conical spring, acquire the deformation law of spring under service load, the stiffness curve with nonlinear characteristics, the first four orders natural frequencies and its modal shape, which will lay a foundation for the RE design of conical spring and provide basis for its reconfiguration and repair after lose efficacy.
Visual Detection Model of Gauge between High Signals and Contact Net
Authors: Yu Yong , Zhu Xi Lin , Xue Chang Song , Hui An Feng
Published: August 2011

It plays an important role to detect gauge between high signal and contact net in railway safe, to provide safe guarantee for railway workers. This paper proposed a visual detection model to solve the problem of gauge between high signal and contact net. Base on three-dimensional reconstruction high signal and contact line with space points, it transformed two objects coordinate, then analyzed the position relationship and accurately solved the shortest distance from high signal to contact line, last compared with the standard gauge to achieve the process of gauge detection.
A Novel Small Mobile Robot System for Polishing Freeform Surface of Large Mold
Authors: Chen Gui Liang , Zhao Ji
Published: August 2011

Making large automatic device for polishing freeform surface of large mold has many disadvantages. We propose a new thinking of polishing large freeform surface with small mobile robot, and develop a novel small mobile polishing robot which has good maneuverability for moving on and polishing curved surface continuously. By analyzing its kinematics model, algorithm for tracking polishing path is designed, in which discrete points along planed polishing path on surface are taken as robot’s navigation points. And virtual robot view methods are designed in the tracking algorithm to avoid the oscillate phenomena. Both the simulation and field experiments prove that this type robot can satisfy the requirement of polishing process.
Principle Experiment of Electroactive Polymer Wind-Driven Generator
Authors: Xu Wan Lu , Cao Jian Bo , E Shi Ju , Ji Jia , Jiang Jia , Yu Jie , Wang Ruo Yang
Published: August 2011

In order to alleviate the conflict among economic development, energy, and environment, the research and experimental analysis for the electroactive polymers (EAPs) was done. The EAPs were a new style of clean and efficient energy materials. The wind-driven generator installation based on EAPs was emulated and designed. The possibility of power generation was proved by the experiments.
A Study into Spin-Forming Process of Internal Spline
Authors: Sun Ling Yan , Xia Qin Xiang , Cheng Xiu Quan , Ye Bang Yan
Published: August 2011

Spin-forming is a new technique for manufacturing the rotationally symmetric component with internal teeth, such as internal spline and gear. In order to optimize the spin-forming process and improve the forming quality of internal spline, the critical issue, the effect of spin-forming process on product formation was investigated by processing experiments and finite element analysis. The result indicates that it is the flow pattern of metal and friction force in the spin-forming that causes forming defect of product; two pass spin-forming helps to improve the homogeneity of deformation for metal with good plasticity; for internal spline forming, a stepped process is a better spin-forming process compared to a non-stepped one.
Determination of the Distribution Patterns and Abundances of Trace Elements in Nigerian Crude Oil Using the AAS Technique
Authors: Nworgu O.D. , Osahon O.D.
Published: August 2011

Crude oil samples from four oil wells in Nigeria were analyzed for the following seven trace elements: V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) analytical technique. The mean concentrations of these elements on a weight to weight basis were found to range from 0.017 ± 0.005 to 1.977 ± 0.397ppm. The results also show that V was the most abundant metal with Ovia 1 Long String (OLS) Oil well containing the highest concentration of V. The V/Ni ratio from the method used shows that Ovia 1 Long String (OLS) and Ovia 1 Short String (OSS) were the most and the least matured oil wells respectively. All the samples had comparably the same V/Ni ratio (1.16—1.77) implying identical source for all the oils. Furthermore, the calculated values of American Petroleum Institute (°API) gravity determined using the measurement of specific gravity (S.G.) of the crude oil samples range from 47.80 to 55.50. This suggests that the samples fall into one category of crude oil classification which in this case is light crude.
Numerical Study of Active Control of Interior Noise in a Structural-Acoustic Enclosure
Authors: Zhu Ming Gang , Jin Guo Yong , Feng Na
Published: August 2011

This paper is concerned with the numerical study of active control of interior noise induced by the flexible plates in a coupled enclosure. A cabin-like enclosure with four acoustically rigid walls and two flexible plates is considered. Two types of actuators are used, i.e. acoustic actuators and distributed lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric (PZT) actuators instead of point force actuators. With the control system designed to globally reduce the sound field, different control configurations are considered, including the structural actuator on the incident panel, actuator on the receiving panel, acoustic actuator on the cavity, and their combinations. The effectiveness and performance of the control system corresponding to each configuration are studied numerically, and desirable placement problem of structural actuators in terms of total potential energy reduction are of particular interest.
Simulation Modeling and Analysis of TFT-LCD Color Filter Fabrication Plants
Authors: Chen James C. , Huang Po Tsang B. , Peng Hui Yu , Hung Ming Chien , Chen Chih Cheng , Peng Tzu Wei , Li Shih Wu , Huang Shiuan Ming
Published: August 2011

An AutoMod simulation model was constructed for real-world 4.5th-generation (4.5G) Thin Film Transistor - Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) Color Filter (CF) fabrication plants in this study. The characteristics and data of customer orders, production facility, material handling tools, and warehouse (also called stocker) were collected from real plants. Based on these, a simulation model was developed and validated. As the simulation model was complex and had different parameters representing the operation details in the plants, it is of interest to justify the effects of these parameters to the key performance indicators such as system throughput and equipment utilization. Using fishbone analysis, sensitivity analysis and experimental design, a series of simulation experiments were conducted and the resulting simulation model was representative to the CF plants. On the basis of the simulation model with 3-dimension animation, decision makers can conduct what-if analysis for the evaluation of production control policies such as in-process capacity and tact time without disturbing the operations in the real plant. Better alternatives leading to higher system throughput can be identified in system simulation before its real implementation in the fab.
Design of Nanoemulsions through Combination of Fixed-Volatile Oils
Authors: Pengon Sirikarn , Limmatvapirat Chutima , Limmatvapirat Sontaya
Published: August 2011

The aim of study was to comparatively evaluate emulsions containing volatile oils e.g. peppermint oil, optamint and tea tree oil, and those containing the combination of volatile oils with soybean oil. The emulsions were prepared and then characterized by monitoring of particle size, visual observation of creaming and cracking, and zeta potential measurement. The results showed that particle size of emulsions containing only volatile oils was in the micron range (3-10 mm). However, the particle size was decreased to less than 300 nm after incorporation with soybean oil (1:1 by weight), suggesting the formation of nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions containing both volatile oils and soybean oil demonstrated almost 100% creaming and did not show any evidence of cracking. Additionally, percent creaming and particle size were not significantly changed even after accelerated stability testing. The results indicated the good physical stability. The stabilization of emulsion might relate with the high surface charge as observed by higher zeta potential of emulsions prepared from volatile oils combined with soybeans oil. Glycerides from soybean should give more negative charge to the oleaginous phase that help preventing aggregation of oil droplets and thus increased the stability of nanoemulsions. In conclusion, the results from this study could provide the basic guideline for preparation of stable nanoemulsions for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields in the near future.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Aluminium Thin Film Surface Activated Bonding
Authors: Chang Chao Cheng
Published: August 2011

This study used molecular dynamics simulations with an embedded-atom method (EAM) potential to investigate the effect of surface roughness on the surface activated bonding (SAB) of aluminium thin films. The simulations started with the bonding process and followed by the tensile test for estimating bonding strength. By averaging the atomic stresses over the entire system, the stress-time curves for the bonded films under a tensile condition were predicted. Moreover, the evolution of the crystal structure in the local atomic order was examined by the common neighbour analysis. The simulated results show that the decrease in the surface roughness of thin film improves the bonding strength. The observed recrystallization processes inside the bonded thin films also reveal that the plastic deformation of the aluminium surface due to atomic attracting force compensates surface roughness.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Fruits of Capsicum Annuum L. by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Limmatvapirat Chutima , Phaechamud Thawatchai , Charoenteeraboon Juree
Published: August 2011

Capsicum annuum L. belonging to the family Solanaceae is a popular spice in Thailand. The mature fruits (long red pepper) are composed of carotenoid, capsaicinoid and ascorbic acid exhibiting physiological and pharmacological properties. Because of environmental pollution, these fruits might be contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of eleven heavy metals in long red pepper using nitric acid digestion followed by ICP-MS analysis. Thirteen samples of fresh fruits were collected from nine provinces located in the west of Thailand. The concentrations of toxic heavy metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in all samples were lower than the permissible limits (4, 0.3, 0.02, and 10 mg/kg, respectively) while the concentrations of essential elements including copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were less than the permissible limits (20 and 100 mg/kg, respectively). The highest concentrations of aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) found were 36.813, 0.345, 44.464, 32.172, and 1.623 mg/kg, respectively. The method adopted in this study could be valuable in quality control of edible spices for Thai people.
A Study on Warm Micro Backward Extrusion of SUS 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Chang Chao Cheng , Nguyen Dinh Hiep , Hsiao Hsin Sheng
Published: August 2011

A metal forming system comprising an electrical heater, capable of conducting processes at elevated temperatures, was developed to perform micro backward extrusion processes of SUS 304 stainless steel. Two punches with diameters of 1.6 mm and 1.8 mm were used to extrude the billets inside the die with an inner diameter of 2 mm. All processes were lubricated with water-based graphite and conducted under isothermal conditions at 400 °C. The results show that the developed extrusion system can be used to produce the stainless steel components with a micro cup-shaped profile. Moreover, the variation in the rim height of the cups produced by the 1.8 mm diameter punch is greater than the one by the 1.6 mm diameter punch. The results show that a decrease in the clearance between the punch and die could lead to an increase in the inhomogeneity of material flow in the micro backward extrusion processes.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Limmatvapirat Chutima , Phaechamud Thawatchai , Charoenteeraboon Juree
Published: August 2011

Galangal (Alpinia galanga(Linn.) Swartz.) is a popular spice in Thailand. Heavy metals, deriving from environmental pollution, might be contaminated in galangal rhizomes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was a new and fast technique for ultratrace elemental analysis. The aim of this study was to validate a method for the determination of aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in galangal rhizomes according to the European standards (EU) using nitric acid digestion followed by ICP-MS. The parameters evaluated in the validation were recovery, repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). This method was used to analyze the concentrations of 11 heavy metals in 15 samples of galangal rhizomes collected in Nakhon Pathom province. The metal concentrations varied considerably in the different sample sources. The concentration of heavy metals in the galangal samples arranged in increasing order was Hg < Cd < As < Cr < Pb < Ni < Cu < Zn < Fe < Mn < Al. An acid digestion and ICP-MS method was applicable to determination of 11 heavy metals in galangal rhizomes, based on the recovery analysis, cost, and time taken
Stress Development in the Process for a Hybrid Fiber Wrapping Cylinder
Authors: Ren Ming Fa , Huang Qi Zhong , Chen Hao Ran
Published: August 2011

In a curing process, there is an intensive residual stress in a cylinder with a reinforced part wrapped by hybrid composite due to the kinds of fibers and mismatch material properties. The development of residual stress in the cylinder is investigated by a finite element model combing with the classical laminate theory and heat conduction. The level of residual stress at the ends of reinforced part is higher than else location, a cure cycle with a lower cure temperature would reduce the residual stress. An improved cure cycle is proposed by comparing the simulational results of the cylinder cured with different cure cycle.
Miniature Air Compressor Design Based on Cross-Slider Mechanism
Authors: Lee Gil Jun , Chi Suk Hwan , Kim Jay , Lee Tae Soo
Published: August 2011

Most of the current air compressors are driven by a slider-crank mechanism consisted of the crank, connecting rod, and piston. Complexity of this mechanism, however, restricts miniaturization of air compressors. In this study, a design based on a new mechanism, a hybrid of cross-slider and scotch-yoke mechanism, is adopted to develop an oil-free, light-weighted air compressor for portable medical devices. By eliminating the connecting rod, the mechanism has several advantages in addition to the obvious weight reduction due to the simpler mechanism such as the longer seal life of the seal between the piston and cylinder (so called Teflon cup) and reduced shaking forces. Cylinder pressure time history is obtained based on the ideal gas behavior and the isentropic process. Shaking forces and motor torque are calculated from the dynamics equation of the air compressor. The flow capacity curve of the air compressor is obtained by considering the effect of the clearance volume. An actual prototype was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed concepts.
Sustainable Operation of a Transport System in Cities
Authors: Chamier Gliszczyński Norbert
Published: August 2011

The research presented in this paper was to investigate a transport system in cities for the purposes of enhancing sustainability, by modelling the traffic in the city’s transport network. Four parameters, i.e. time of the day, distance, duration of the travel and type of the means of transport are particularly investigated. The transport system’s impact on the environment is presented using the results related to the parameters.
The Design and Optimization of the Diversion-Type Tidal Current Turbine
Authors: Kong Fan Kai , Sun Gui Lin , Zhao Zhi Bo , Zhang Min , Zheng Da Yong
Published: August 2011

For the actual low velocity flow ocean condition of tidal station, in order to obtain the clean and sustainable energy more efficiently, a diversion-type tidal current turbine, which can poly water flow under low velocity condition and achieve the function of adaptive convection, was designed. This research created the 3D model of the turbine structure, and conducted mechanical analysis of the structure with finite element analysis software ANSYS to check the reliability of the structure. Finally, the frame of the turbine had been optimized to obtain the optimal size of allowable stress.
Ecological Impact Assessment and Eco-Design of Industrial Gearboxes
Authors: Su Dai Zhong , Ren Zhong Ming
Published: August 2011

This paper presents an approach for ecological impact assessment of industrial gearboxes using Simapro and ReCiPe method. The importance and necessity of sustainability for product design and manufacture is introduced first, and then the methodology of ecological impact (eco-impact) assessment suitable for eco-design is presented, which includes the calculations of eco-impact elements and indicators, human labor eco-impact, a three tiers approach for eco-impact calculation, and an optimum eco-design procedure. A case study of a traditional spur gearbox is presented to illustrate the methods developed.
CAD/CAM for Five-Axis Printing Machine
Authors: Shaw Dein , Lai Chun Wei
Published: August 2011

In this study, CAD/CAM system for a 5-axis printing machine was developed. The configuration of 5-axis printing machine is based on the 5-axis CNC milling machine; the spindle of the 5-axis CNC milling machine was replaced by a commercial printer. CAD software was first used to develop a three dimensional model, after that a color figure which will be printed on a freeform surface was applied on the surface of that three dimensional model. Then the printing paths of the 5-axis printing machine were generated by using mapping transformation. Furthermore, the distance between the print head and the curved printing surface is an important factor which affects the printing quality. It is also noted that any two points on the surface of the print head have different distances with the curved surface, it is necessary to keep these distances in a certain range of acceptable printing quality. Therefore, the range of good printing quality distance was measured. The height and width of the region which the print head print at one printing step were limited by the good printing quality distance. If the curvature of surface is too large (the distance between print head and curved surface is depend on the curvature of the surface), only the region which had good printing quality was printed. The unprinted area was printed after the print head rotated and translated to a proper position.
Development of a Life Test Platform for Bearings Lubricated by Solid Lubricant under the Vacuum and Temperature Cycling Environment
Authors: Song Bao Yu , Xie Zhi Jie , Su Dai Zhong , Zhang Feng , Zhao Qing
Published: August 2011

In order to investigate the life of bearings lubricated by solid lubricant (BLSL), which are installed in the rotational parts of spacecraft, a test platform has been developed. The platform can test the life of BLSL working under the vacuum environment with high-low temperature cycle conditions. The test platform consists of three systems of loading, measurement, and power and speed control. A corresponding computer program was also developed to measure, monitor and record test data. The working life of deep groove ball bearings lubricated by MoS2 solid lubricant was tested in 5×10-4Pa vacuum. The surface observation and analysis for the damage condition of the failed bearings were also conducted.
Prediction of Wrinkling and Bursting in Hydroforming of Tubes in Box-Shaped Die Using FEM
Authors: Mirhosseini Amir Masoud , Loh Mousavi Mohsen , Amirian Ghasem
Published: August 2011

In recent years, tube hydroforming has been considered by automobile and airplane industries, because it decreases weight and increases solidity of parts. For this reason, technical knowledge for manufacturing with better quality and accuracy has been developing. However, there are some probable defects in forming by hydroforming technique, which are bursting and wrinkling caused by improper loading paths. Therefore, it is very important to apply a proper path pressure proportional to axial feeding. In this research, firstly, tube hydroforming in a box-shaped die has been simulated by means of 3-D FEM in explicit dynamic software ABAQUSE 6.9-1. For prediction of these occurrences, different paths of pressure have been analyzed and then by comparison with obtained results from the simulation performed such as thickness distribution and final form of the tube, the range of pressure and axial feeding have been predicted. Accordingly, optimal range and loading path for hydroforming of box-shaped part without failure is determined. Considering the working conditions related to the same experimental tests and comparing these conditions with simulated results, efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method have been also investigated.
Multi-Agent System for Distributed Adaptive Design
Authors: Kotulski Leszek , Strug Barbara
Published: August 2011

This paper deals with the design of a multi-agent system for distributed design. The design processes are often complex and require high computational costs. Yet in many situations many elements of a design process can be computed simultaneously and thus lowering the total time required to finish the design. In this paper an approach based on hypergraph representation and using a formal background of the parallel application of the graph transformation rules is presented (parallel derivation process). The system is illustrated with examples from the floor layout design system.
Modal Parameters Identification Accuracy with a Short Time Parametric Algorithm
Authors: Li Ling Han , Schenck Christian , Kuhfuss Bernd
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a time-domain identification of modal parameters using least square algorithm. The main advantage of this method is the possibility to identify transient parameters within a short window length from sampled data. This paper focuses on numerical examinations about the influence of the applied window size, sampling rate and the noise content to the identification accuracy. The results show that the proposed method can estimate transient parameters accurately and may be applied to real-time control processes.
Modeling and Simulation of Vehicle Ride Comfort Based on MATLAB
Authors: Sun Cheng Qi , Yang Rui , Ma Zhen Jiang
Published: August 2011

Ride comfort is an important factor to measure the performance of automobiles. The research presented in this paper investigates the effects of parameters related to suspension, wheels and tires on ride comfort. A seven freedom degrees model is established for automobiles, and the corresponding simulation model is also given. An actual automobile is taken as example to simulate its acceleration based on the above models. In addition, ride comfort simulation comparison of three types of vehicles from different manufacturers has been conducted. The outcome of the research provide useful tools for designers to optimize their automobile structure parameters to improve the design efficiency and accuracy.
Trees Transplanting Machine Mechanical Model Establishment and Shovel Blade Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Li Zhi Peng , Huo Qiang
Published: August 2011

Trees or small saplings are often required to be transplanted to other places due to the modern city construction, environmental transformation, forestation, etc. To use human resources to transplant results in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and high cost. In order to satisfy the requirement of the market, a kind of trees transplanting machine with simple structure and high efficiency has been applied to dig holes, place seedlings and transplant[1]. A machine of high-automation is desirable in order to meet the demand for mechanical transplantation of the afforestation seedling. The depth and ball diameter of soil are determined according to the diameter at breast height of the trees. Statistics show that tree transplant with the machine, the survival rate of forestation is 95% or above. Compared with the traditional afforestation technology the application of the machine shortens seeding period of 2-3 years, increases the rate of trees growth to 57.7%, and improves economic efficiency to 98% [2]. Because the shovel blade is the main working part of a trees transplanting machine, its design greatly affect the quality of the work conducted by the machine. In order to enhance the quality of the shovel blade design, this research established the mechanics model of the tree transplanting machine and carried out the finite element analysis of the shovel blade to predict its maximum working pressure.
Research of Mini Car Handling Stability Based on ADAMS
Authors: Ma Zhen Jiang , Chen Lin , Xu Ning
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a highly effective and efficient advanced method for design and development of handling stability systems of mini-cars. In order to design and develop the steering-stability system of a car, a three-dimensional simulation model is built, including the establishment of vehicle suspension, steering, tires and other vehicle systems, using ADAMS software package. This model has been tested through the kinematic and dynamic simulations according to the corresponding test methodology.
Multidomain Topology Optimization for Crashworthiness Based on Hybrid Cellular Automata
Authors: Guo Lian Shui , Huang Jun , Tavor Andres , Renaud John E.
Published: August 2011

This research introduces a multidomain topology optimization algorithm for crashworthy structure undergoing large deformations. This technique makes use of the hybrid cellular automaton framework, which combines transient, non-linear finite-element analysis and local control rules acting on cells. The set of all cells defines the multidomains. Each subdomain has been defined by different material update rules according to specify constraint, and optimization iteration of each subdomain has been converged respectively during the optimal design process. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated through the design of a bumper-like structure. Result show that the new algorithm is suitable for practical applications. The case study presented demonstrates the potential significance of this work for a wide range of engineering design problems.
Greenhouse Control System Based on WSN
Authors: Qiu Ying , Tan Ding Zhong
Published: August 2011

According to the demands of the Greenhouse Control System, the WSN(Wireless sensor networks) and WSN node hardware are designed, the network topology, data communication protocol, Encrypt Algorithm, time synchronization algorithm and Routing protocol are researched and realized. The network topology can be changed in accordance with environment needs. The routing path of WSN is multi-hop, and the routing protocol can choose the routing path adaptively. The WSN is deployed and running steadily.