bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Extraction of Gardenia Yellow and Geniposide from Gardenia jasminoides by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Xu Wenhao , Yu Jingbo , Feng Wen , Su Weike
Published: April 2016

A novel method for the selective extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide from Gardenia Jasminoides, based on a mechanochemical method is described. Without the need of complex separation techniques, gardenia yellow compliant with the national standard could be extracted in a simple fashion. The optimal ball-milling conditions determined were as follows: 30% g/g. active carbon milling at 200 rpm in a planetary mill for 5 min. The extraction conditions of the milled mixtures were as follows: the milled mixtures were extracted with water (liquid-solid ratio 10:1) at 20 °C for 5 min with yields 85% of total geniposide, followed by extraction with 80% ethanol solution (liquid-solid ratio 5:1) and 1% g/g. Tween 20 at 75 °C for 5 min to yield 1.45% ± 0.108% g/g of gardenia yellow. The mechanism of this selective extraction was demonstrated to follow a microstructure change of activated carbon, which occurred during milling and lead to alteration of the corresponding desorption capacities. Compared with traditional extraction methods, this novel extraction technique greatly simplifies the separation process, and proves to be advantageous in terms of low organic solvent consumption, easy operation, rapid process and high efficiency.
Ultrasound-Assisted Enantioselective Esterification of Ibuprofen Catalyzed by a Flower-Like Nanobioreactor
Authors: An Baiyi , Fan Hailin , Wu Zhuofu , Zheng Lu , Wang Lei , Wang Zhi , Chen Guang
Published: April 2016

A flower-like nanobioreactor was prepared for resolution of ibuprofen in organic solvents. Ultrasound irradiation has been used to improve the enzyme performance of APE1547 (a thermophilic esterase from the archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1) in the enantioselective esterification. Under optimum reaction conditions (ultrasound power, 225 W; temperature, 45 °C; water activity, 0.21), the immobilized APE1547 showed an excellent catalytic performance (enzyme activity, 13.26 μmol/h/mg; E value, 147.1). After ten repeated reaction batches, the nanobioreactor retained almost 100% of its initial enzyme activity and enantioselectivity. These results indicated that the combination of the immobilization method and ultrasound irradiation can enhance the enzyme performance dramatically.
Moderately Low Magnesium Intake Impairs Growth of Lean Body Mass in Obese-Prone and Obese-Resistant Rats Fed a High-Energy Diet
Authors: Bertinato Jesse , Lavergne Christopher , Rahimi Sophia , Rachid Hiba , Vu Nina , Plouffe Louise , Swist Eleonora
Published: April 2016

The physical and biochemical changes resulting from moderately low magnesium (Mg) intake are not fully understood. Obesity and associated co-morbidities affect Mg metabolism and may exacerbate Mg deficiency and physiological effects. Male rats selectively bred for diet-induced obesity (OP, obese-prone) or resistance (OR, obese-resistant) were fed a high-fat, high-energy diet containing moderately low (LMg, 0.116 ± 0.001 g/kg) or normal (NMg, 0.516 ± 0.007 g/kg) Mg for 13 weeks. The growth, body composition, mineral homeostasis, bone development, and glucose metabolism of the rats were examined. OP and OR rats showed differences (p < 0.05) in many physical and biochemical measures regardless of diet. OP and OR rats fed the LMg diet had decreased body weight, lean body mass, decreased femoral size (width, weight, and volume), and serum Mg and potassium concentrations compared to rats fed the NMg diet. The LMg diet increased serum calcium (Ca) concentration in both rat strains with a concomitant decrease in serum parathyroid hormone concentration only in the OR strain. In the femur, Mg concentration was reduced, whereas concentrations of Ca and sodium were increased in both strains fed the LMg diet. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test were similar in rats fed the LMg or NMg diets. These results show that a moderately low Mg diet impairs the growth of lean body mass and alters femoral geometry and mineral metabolism in OP and OR rats fed a high-energy diet.
Iodine Concentration in Breastmilk and Urine among Lactating Women of Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Henjum Sigrun , Kjellevold Marian , Ulak Manjeswori , Chandyo Ram , Shrestha Prakash , Frøyland Livar , Strydom Emmerentia , Dhansay Muhammad , Strand Tor
Published: April 2016

Adequate iodine concentration in breastmilk (BMIC) is essential for optimal neonatal thyroid hormone synthesis and neurological development in breastfed infants. For many decades, iodine deficiency has been a public health problem in Nepal. However, recently, excessive iodine intakes among Nepali infants have been reported. This study aimed to measure BMIC and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among lactating women in a peri-urban area of Nepal. Iodine concentration was measured in spot urine (n = 485) and breastmilk samples (n = 291) of 500 randomly selected lactating women. The median (p25, p75) BMIC and median UIC were 250 (130, 370) µg/L and 230 (135–377) µg/L, respectively. Around 82% had BMIC > 100 µg/L, 61% had BMIC > 200 µg/L and 81% had UIC > 100 µg/L, 37% had >300 µg/L and 20% had >500 µg/L. In multiple linear regression models, time since birth (β 3.0, 95% CI (0.2, 5.0)) and UIC (β 1.0, 95% CI (0.1, 2.0)) were associated with BMIC, explaining 26% of the variance. A large proportion of the women had adequate BMIC and UIC; however, a subset had high iodine concentrations. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully monitoring iodine intake to minimize the risk of iodine excess and subsequently preventing transient iodine-induced hypothyroidism in breastfed infants.
Novel Functionalized Polythiophene-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Phthalates
Authors: Baharin Siti , Muhamad Sarih Norazilawati , Mohamad Sharifah
Published: April 2016

Poly(phenyl-(4-(6-thiophen-3-yl-hexyloxy)-benzylidene)-amine) (P3TArH) was successfully synthesized and coated on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, analyzer transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). P3TArH-coated MNPs (MNP@P3TArH) showed higher capabilities for the extraction of commonly-used phthalates and were optimized for the magnetic-solid phase extraction (MSPE) of environmental samples. Separation and determination of the extracted phthalates, namely dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dipropyl phthalate (DPP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCP), di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), were conducted by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The best working conditions were as follows; sample at pH 7, 30 min extraction time, ethyl acetate as the elution solvent, 500-µL elution solvent volumes, 10 min desorption time, 10-mg adsorbent dosage, 20-mL sample loading volume and 15 g·L−1 concentration of NaCl. Under the optimized conditions, the analytical performances were determined with a linear range of 0.1–50 µg·L−1 and a limit of detection at 0.08–0.468 µg·L−1 for all of the analytes studied. The intra-day (n = 7) and inter-day (n = 3) relative standard deviations (RSD%) of three replicates were each demonstrated in the range of 3.7–4.9 and 3.0–5.0, respectively. The steadiness and reusability studies suggested that the MNP@P3TArH could be used up to five cycles. The proposed method was executed for the analysis of real water samples, namely commercial bottled mineral water and bottled fresh milk, whereby recoveries in the range of 68%–101% and RSD% lower than 7.7 were attained.
Validity and Reliability of a Revised Scale of Attitude towards Buddhism (TSAB-R)
Authors: Thanissaro Phra
Published: April 2016

The empirical properties of a revised 24-item instrument called the Thanissaro Scale of Attitude towards Buddhism (TSAB-R) designed to measure Buddhist affective religiosity are described. The instrument was tested on adolescents and teenagers in the UK. Discriminant validity of the instrument was found satisfactory in relation to Buddhist affiliation and content validity in relation to religious involvement with temple attendance, scripture reading, meditation, having had a religious or spiritual experience and religious style. Unlike Christians, for Buddhists, affective religiosity was found to vary independently from age and sex. The differential between heritage and convert religious style of Buddhism was linked to the perceived affective religiosity of the Buddhist features of the home shrine and bowing to parents. Factor analysis revealed two subscales within the instrument for intellectual and affective components. With confirmation of the validity and reliability of the revised scale, the instrument is commended for measurement of Buddhist affective religiosity with adults and children down to the age of 13 years.
A Flexible Fringe Projection Vision System with Extended Mathematical Model for Accurate Three-Dimensional Measurement
Authors: Xiao Suzhi , Tao Wei , Zhao Hui
Published: April 2016

In order to acquire an accurate three-dimensional (3D) measurement, the traditional fringe projection technique applies complex and laborious procedures to compensate for the errors that exist in the vision system. However, the error sources in the vision system are very complex, such as lens distortion, lens defocus, and fringe pattern nonsinusoidality. Some errors cannot even be explained or rendered with clear expressions and are difficult to compensate directly as a result. In this paper, an approach is proposed that avoids the complex and laborious compensation procedure for error sources but still promises accurate 3D measurement. It is realized by the mathematical model extension technique. The parameters of the extended mathematical model for the ’phase to 3D coordinates transformation’ are derived using the least-squares parameter estimation algorithm. In addition, a phase-coding method based on a frequency analysis is proposed for the absolute phase map retrieval to spatially isolated objects. The results demonstrate the validity and the accuracy of the proposed flexible fringe projection vision system on spatially continuous and discontinuous objects for 3D measurement.
Optimal Design of a Center Support Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (CSQMG)
Authors: Zhang Tian , Zhou Bin , Yin Peng , Chen Zhiyong , Zhang Rong
Published: April 2016

This paper reports a more complete description of the design process of the Center Support Quadruple Mass Gyroscope (CSQMG), a gyro expected to provide breakthrough performance for flat structures. The operation of the CSQMG is based on four lumped masses in a circumferential symmetric distribution, oscillating in anti-phase motion, and providing differential signal extraction. With its 4-fold symmetrical axes pattern, the CSQMG achieves a similar operation mode to Hemispherical Resonant Gyroscopes (HRGs). Compared to the conventional flat design, four Y-shaped coupling beams are used in this new pattern in order to adjust mode distribution and enhance the synchronization mechanism of operation modes. For the purpose of obtaining the optimal design of the CSQMG, a kind of applicative optimization flow is developed with a comprehensive derivation of the operation mode coordination, the pseudo mode inhibition, and the lumped mass twisting motion elimination. The experimental characterization of the CSQMG was performed at room temperature, and the center operation frequency is 6.8 kHz after tuning. Experiments show an Allan variance stability 0.12°/h (@100 s) and a white noise level about 0.72°/h/√Hz, which means that the CSQMG possesses great potential to achieve navigation grade performance.
What Is Local or Global about Wine? An Attempt to Objectivize a Social Construction
Authors: Touzard Jean-Marc , Chiffoleau Yuna , Maffezzoli Camille
Published: April 2016

What is a “local” food chain as opposed to a “global” chain? Are local food chains more sustainable than global chains? In the context of market globalization and the proliferation of local alternatives, these questions have taken on a new aspect, which has been addressed by the GLAMUR (Global and Local food chain Assessment: a Multidimensional performance-based approach) project. Using an analysis of three archetypal wine chains in the south of France, and considering food chains as embedded social constructions, we will first attempt to objectivize which aspects of wine are local, and which are global, using a multidimensional analytical approach. As local vs. global characteristics seem to be strategic assets or constraints, and not structural components, we will then outline an evaluative approach to wine chain sustainability by valuing qualitative indicators to be scored and benchmarked by experts. We will discuss our findings from a scientific and operational perspective by highlighting how a local vs. global approach produces new sustainability issues and practical solutions. Nevertheless, as concrete chains often mix global and local characteristics, further research must be done in order to assess how this combination may be sustainable for different types of actors, depending on their values, capacities, networks and constraints.
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Pechlivanidis Ilias , Olsson Jonas , Bosshard Thomas , Sharma Devesh , Sharma K.C.
Published: April 2016

The impact of climate change on the hydro-climatology of the Indian subcontinent is investigated by comparing statistics of current and projected future fluxes resulting from three RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Climate projections from the CORDEX-South Asia framework have been bias-corrected using the Distribution-Based Scaling (DBS) method and used to force the HYPE hydrological model to generate projections of evapotranspiration, runoff, soil moisture deficit, snow depth, and applied irrigation water to soil. We also assess the changes in the annual cycles in three major rivers located in different hydro-climatic regions. Results show that conclusions can be influenced by uncertainty in the RCP scenarios. Future scenarios project a gradual increase in temperature (up to 7 °C on average), whilst changes (both increase and decrease) in the long-term average precipitation and evapotranspiration are more severe at the end of the century. The potential change (increase and decrease) in runoff could reach 100% depending on the region and time horizon. Analysis of annual cycles for three selected regions showed that changes in discharge and evapotranspiration due to climate change vary between seasons, whereas the magnitude of change is dependent on the region’s hydro-climatic gradient. Irrigation needs and the snow depth in the Himalayas are also affected.
A Revision Surgery for Cochlear Implantation in a Case of Incomplete Partition Type I
Authors: Rizk Habib G. , Hagood Francesca , Holcomb Meredith A. , Meyer Ted A.
Published: April 2016

Background:Patients with cochlear malformations were long considered poor candidates for cochlear implantation (CI), and surgical approaches different than the standard facial recess approach were used to access the inner ear. There is no previous long-term follow-up of a patient
with significantly malformed inner ear operated through an untraditional route and requiring a revision surgery.Purpose:This case provides a long-term follow-up from the initial surgery, a short-term follow-up from the revision surgery, and it illustrates the evolving classification
of inner ear malformations as well as the potential problems associated with nonstandard approaches to the cochlea.Research Design:A case report.Intervention:Herein, we report a case of revision CI in a patient with incomplete partition type I, through the round window via a
facial recess approach, 18 yr after an initial implantation via a transmastoid labyrinthotomy approach.Results:The patient had an uncomplicated surgery, and after activation, she noted auditory perception on all electrodes without facial stimulation. A sound field sound awareness threshold
was obtained at 15 dB HL.Conclusions:As the prior generation of cochlear implant recipients ages, the probability of a revision surgery for various causes increases. Cochlear implant surgeons should be aware of the potential pitfalls associated in these often challenging cases.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POROSITY AND STRENGTH OF ADMIXTURES MODIFIED HIGH PERFORMANCE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
Authors: ŁAŹNIEWSKA-PIEKARCZYK Beata
Published: April 2016

The influence of a type of new generation: superplasticizer (SP), anti-foaming admixture (AFA) and viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) on the air-content, workability of high performance self-compacting concrete (HPSCC) is analyzed in the paper. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of type of the admixtures on porosity of HPSCC in the aspect of the compressive strength. The research results indicated that type of admixtures and its combina­tions result in different strengths of HPSCC, regardless of the total porosity characteristics of HPSCC.
Prospective antimicrobial audit and feedback did not decrease case fatality: Experiences from a hospital in northern Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Chien-Yu , Lee Chien-Yu , Wu Min-Wen , Chang Chen-Hung , Huang Wan-Ying , Chuang Yi-Fen , Tang Pei-Hsin , Cheng Shu-Hsing
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Although a prospective antimicrobial audit and feedback is an effective strategy in an antibiotic stewardship program, previous researchers have not adequately demonstrated a successful impact on patient outcomes. In this study, the causes of fatalities associated with a prospective antimicrobial audit and feedback were analyzed. Methodology: Between June and September 2014, applications for 16 target parenteral formulas (including ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ertapenem, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin, and amikacin), which were not approved by infectious diseases (ID) specialists, were followed up until patients were either discharged or passed away. Results: Of the 292 cases studied, 193 (66%) were male, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 65.5 (19.3) years. There were five reasons for rejection, including dosage adjustments (37%), no evidence of bacterial infection (28.8%), modifications according to antimicrobial susceptibility (18.8%), target pathogens not being covered (7.2%), and redundant therapy (4.1%). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an age greater than 75 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–5.50; p = 0.005) was associated with significant mortality, while urinary tract (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.70; p = 0.013) and soft tissue/bone infections (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.61; p = 0.006) were associated with survival. Adjustments according to ID physicians’ recommendations were not statistically significant (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27–1.06; p = 0.074). Conclusions: Antimicrobial adjustments according to ID physicians’ recommendations showed only marginally preventative effects against fatalities.
Frequency of mutational changes in the embB among the ethambutol-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Faranak , Haeili Mehri , Mohajeri Parviz , Hashemi Shahraki Abdolrazagh , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali , Zahednamazi Fatemeh , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Early detection of drug resistant tuberculosis is one of the main priorities of TB control program. Ethambutol (EMB) is a first-line anti-TB drug that is effective for preventing treatment failures caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains that are resistant to other drugs. The aim of this study was to sequence the embB gene to characterize the mutations causing resistance to EMB and to analyze the relationship between bacterial genotype and EMB resistance among M. tuberculosis isolates in Iran. Methodology: A total of 20 M. tuberculosis isolates comprising 10 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 10 non-MDR isolates, recovered from TB patients in four regions: Tehran, Isfahan, Zahedan, Khorasan, were analyzed. Mutational profiling was performed by amplifying and sequencing the embB gene. Spoligotyping was carried out to characterize the bacterial genotype. Results: Phenotypic EMB resistance was found in 13 strains. Mutations affecting ethambutol resistance-determining region (ERDR) of the embB were identified in 6 of 13 EMB-resistant isolates. The majority of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitution at position 306 (M306V). A novel mutation at codon 366 was identified (S366L) in one isolate. Ural was the most predominant genotype in the studied population. Beijing genotype was associated with both MDR and EMB resistance in which all mutations occurred at codon 306 of the embB gene. Conclusion: A significant association between Beijing genotype and EMB resistance was found, mainly due to mutations at embB306. Results of this study can be used as a basis to develop or improve rapid molecular tests to monitor drug-resistant strains in this country.
Outbreak of Adenovirus serotype 8 keratoconjunctivitis in Puducherry, South India: a molecular epidemiological study
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Raja , Dhodapkar Rahul , Kaliaperumal Subashini , Harish Belegode Narasimha
Published: April 2016

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Corporate secrecy and intellectual property in the chemical industry through a transatlantic lens c. 1860-1930
Authors: Mercelis Joris
Published: April 2016

Cet article analyse les raisons pour lesquelles les entreprises de haute technologie allemandes et germano-américaines étaient, à la fin du XIX e siècle et au début du XX e , perçues dans les cercles de l’industrie chimique américaine comme exagérément portées sur le secret. Il suggère que les entreprises chimiques allemandes n’ont pas seulement mis au point des usages innovants du système des brevets, mais furent également pionnières en matière de stratégie de propriété intellectuelle, sachant combiner l’usage des brevets et celui du secret. Centré sur deux entreprises germano-américaines, Mallinckrodt Chemical Works et Roessler & Hasslacher, cet article rend compte des pratiques restrictives de gestion des connaissances et de la propriété intellectuelle des sociétés allemandes, dans une perspective de comparaison transatlantique. Il met en évidence un écart entre l’association persistante des entreprises technologiques allemandes à la culture du secret et la réalité des orientations prises par les systèmes allemands et américains de gestion de la propriété intellectuelle au début du XX e siècle. En soulignant les usages différents et complémentaires du brevet et du secret, l’article vise aussi à remettre en question l’idée selon laquelle ces deux systèmes seraient mutuellement exclusifs.
Chapitre 8. Les TICs et l’éthique : une expérience d’e-learning en faculté de médecine
Authors: Bolly Cécile
Published: April 2016

Dans le cadre du cursus en éthique de futurs médecins, une formation à distance a été mise en place. Son objectif principal était d’améliorer la qualité de l’accompagnement individuel des étudiants pour la réalisation d’un travail d’analyse d’une situation problématique d’un point de vue éthique. Un tel dispositif peut a priori sembler paradoxal pour une formation qui vise à développer la sensibilité à autrui ; il a cependant permis de tenir compte de contraintes géographiques liées à la dispersion des étudiants pour leur formation pratique (dans différents hôpitaux du pays ou à l’étranger) et de profiter d’une formation à l’e-learning offerte par le centre de pédagogie universitaire. Cette formation a permis de structurer de manière rigoureuse la préparation de ce dispositif, en faisant alterner des moments de rencontres et des temps de travail via une plateforme numérique : objectifs précis et mesurables, scénarisation des séquences, consignes claires, activités diversifiées,... L’organisation du travail autour de 4 rapports d’avancement a permis à la fois de sécuriser les étudiants et de leur laisser une certaine autonomie, faisant ainsi le parallèle avec ce qu’ils pourront proposer à leurs futurs patients. Les interactions proposées par l’enseignant ont pu se faire via la plateforme (de manière individuelle d’une part, dans un forum d’autre part), mais également par des supervisions collectives pour certains étudiants. Les avantages d’un tel dispositif ont été mis en évidence par l’évaluation de la satisfaction des étudiants (questionnaire en ligne), mais également par celle de leur implication personnelle dans le travail. Une dimension particulière mérite certainement un développement ultérieur : celle de la place de l’écriture dans l’apprentissage de l’éthique et plus globalement, de la fonction soignante.
Chapter 9. The 7 stage model for facilitating moral case deliberation in health-care institution: a practical illustration of a meta-model
Authors: de Bree Menno , Veening Eite
Published: April 2016

Lors d’une déliberation morale de cas (dmc), des professionnels de santé se rassemblent pour réfléchir à une question morale à laquelle ils sont confrontés. Dans la mesure où l’ensemble du processus de clarification des faits et d’analyse de l’enjeu moral peut s’avérer fort complexe (identifier les enjeux moraux, formuler et peser les arguments, etc.), il devrait toujours y avoir un facilitateur bien entraîné présent lors de ces déliberations pour garantir la tenue de la session. En vue de former ces facilitateurs et d’évaluer leur qualité, nous avons développé un modèle en 7 étapes d’une déliberation morale de cas. Ce modèle est un méta-modèle, décrivant toutes les étapes et toutes les activités qui prennent place durant chaque session de dmc, indépendamment de variables comme le type de cas à discuter, le nombre de participants, ou la méthode de réflexion qui sera appliqué. Ces 7 étapes sont : l’introduction, la sélection du cas, la sélection de la méthode, l’exploration factuelle, l’analyse, la conclusion et un tour de table final. Ce modèle rend possible la description de toutes les tâches que les facilitateurs ont à mener à bien pour mener leur groupe à travers les 7 étapes d’une manière fructueuse et efficace. Il rend également possible l’identification des compétences génériques minimales que chaque facilitateur devrait maîtriser, pour y arriver. Cet article introduit le modèle (à notre connaissance le premier de ce type), discute de quelques-uns des plus importants enjeux théoriques de ce modèle, en fournit une justification théorique, et, surtout, propose une illustration pratique de la manière dont le modèle peut être appliqué lors de l’animation d’une dmc.
Algérie et OTAN : Des intérêts partagés
Authors: Benantar Abdennour
Published: April 2016

Cet article analyse la relation Algérie-OTAN. Il démontre que malgré une adhésion tardive, l’Algérie est devenue un partenaire très actif dans le Dialogue méditerranéen tirant profit de l’expertise et des différentes dimensions de la coopération avec l’OTAN, notamment la formation. Il démontre en outre l’absence de réelles incidences des points de divergences sur la coopération bilatérale. Il examine la problématique de la lutte anti-terroriste – surdimensionnée – et du partage du renseignement et s’interroge sur les perspectives de la relation en soulignant l’absence d’une stratégie algérienne sur le long terme.
« Madame Smith Au Sénat » : l’impact des femmes sur la Chambre haute du Congrès
Authors: Godet Aurélie
Published: April 2016

Depuis 1922, seules quarante-six femmes ont siégé à la Chambre haute du Congrès américain. Sans surprise, l’essentiel des travaux scientifiques sur les femmes au Sénat porte donc sur la question de leur sous-représentation et de ses raisons. Aussi crucial soit-il, ce problème rejette dans l’ombre trois questions tout aussi importantes : les sénatrices occupent-elles des positions de pouvoir au sein de l’institution ? Leur comportement législatif est-il différent de celui de leurs collègues masculins ? Sont-elles des parlementaires efficaces ? Sur la base de témoignages, de statistiques et de travaux de recherche antérieurs, cet article offrira une évaluation aussi complète que possible de l’influence exercée par les femmes au/sur le Sénat depuis les années 1920.
Appreciative Inquiry and Implementation Science in Leadership Development
Authors: Bleich Michael R. , Hessler Christine
Published: April 2016

Appreciative inquiry was developed to initiate and animate change. As implementation science gains a foothold in practice settings to bridge theory, evidence, and practice, appreciative inquiry takes on new meaning as a leadership intervention and training tool.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(5):207–209.
Líricas secretas: los espías y el Gran Turco (siglo XVI)
Authors: Varriale Gennaro
Published: April 2016

El siguiente trabajo tiene como principal propósito el análisis de la información que los espías recogen y envían desde Levante durante el siglo XVI. Basada en fuentes documentales y bibliográficas, la investigación está construida en torno al esquema de una ópera lírica para evidenciar el valor de la correspondencia secreta como arquetipo de la percepción europea sobre el Imperio Otomano y, más en general, sobre todo el Islam.
Los gobernadores civiles en el primer franquismo
Authors: Ponce Alberca Julio
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo el estudio de los nombramientos de gobernador civil efectuados entre enero de 1939 y diciembre de 1958. Dicho estudio forma parte de un análisis cuantitativo que muestra la progresiva estabilización del régimen en sus primeros 20 años de vida y sus formas de implantación a escala local. El conjunto de gobernadores civiles constituye un conjunto de personal político significativo del cual se analizan aspectos como la edad, la formación, profesión, trayectoria política anterior y posterior, etc. Igualmente y para cada provincia, se pone de relieve el grado de estabilidad de estos gobernadores medido en función de la duración temporal de sus mandatos. Por último, se hace énfasis en dos aspectos que consideramos relevantes: el primero gira en torno a la variada procedencia y evolución ideológica de aquellos que fueron gobernadores entre 1939 y 1958, aunque todos eran simultáneamente jefes provinciales del Movimiento; el segundo se centra en el comportamiento de los gobernadores con respecto al poder central que les había delegado la autoridad del mando en una provincia y, también, con respecto a los problemas, necesidades, intereses y, a veces, presiones organizadas de carácter local.
One Model of Geo-Location Services for Telecom Operators
Authors: Daradkeh Dr. Yousef Ibrahim , ALdhaifallah Mujahed , Namiot Dmitry
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses location-based service for telecom providers. Most of the location-based services in the mobile networks are introduced and deployed by Internet companies. It leaves for telecom just the role of the data channel. Telecom providers should use their competitive advantages and offer own solutions. In our article, we discuss the sharing location information via geo messages. Geo messages let mobile users share location information as signatures to the standard messages (e.g., email, SMS). Rather than let some service constantly monitor (poll) the user’s location (as the most standalone services do) or share location info within any social circle (social network check-in, etc.) The Geo Messages approach lets users share location data on the peer to peer basis. Users can share own location info with any existing messaging systems. And messaging (e.g., SMS) is the traditional service for telecom.
Mobile Devices in Technical and Engineering Education with Focus on ESP
Authors: Simonova Ivana
Published: April 2016

Mobile devices have become widely accepted and exploited didactic means on all levels of education and in all subjects to appropriate extent, including foreign languages. This study focuses on their use within technical (i.e. bachelor) and engineering (i.e. master) higher education in Informatics and Management study programmes at the Faculty of Informatics and Management (FIM), University of Hradec Kralove (UHK), Czech Republic, particularly focusing on comparison of general subjects to English for specific purposes (ESP). Therefore, following questions were set to be researched: (1) What types of mobile devices do students possess?, (2) What purposes do students use mobile devices? and (3) What is students´ feedback after mobile devices implementation in ESP and other subjects is? The case study was exploited to describe the state in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) at FIM and students´ feedback was collected by the questionnaire on this approach to teaching/learning. The results show Czech students are sufficiently equipped by mobile devices so that these can be implemented in the process of teaching/learning of all subjects, including ESP.
Mobile Cloud Computing for Enterprise Systems: A Conceptual Framework for Research
Authors: Bernsteiner Reinhard , Kilian Dietmar , Ebersberger Bernd
Published: April 2016

In the resent years two trends have influenced our daily life: mobile devices and cloud based services. Complex enterprise systems have been moved to the cloud. The integration of mobile devices and cloud based enterprise applications offers new possibilities in terms of innovative products or processes or it increases the mobility and flexibility of the workforce This integration has several effects on the company as a whole, whereas four central aspects can be identified, the management, the organization, the user and the technology. In this paper we present a conceptual framework that offers guidance for further research in this field. We also derive topics for further research. From a stakeholder’s perspective the framework focusses on the customer of services
Continuous Dynamic Monitoring of Lively Footbridges
Authors: Caetano Elsa Sá , Cunha Álvaro , Moutinho Carlos , Weihua Hu
Published: April 2016

The paper describes two dynamic monitoring systems installed in lively footbridges with the purpose of characterizing the dynamic behavior and response of these structures and possibly detecting damage at early stages. Some monitoring results illustrate the capabilities of the presently existing technology.
A Remote Lab to Simulate the Physiological Process of Ingestion and Excretion of a Drug
Authors: Cardoso Alberto , Osório Daniel , Leitão Joaquim , Sousa Vitor , Teixeira César
Published: April 2016

Remote and virtual labs represent a very important support for online experimentation in engineering courses and can be used to improve the students learning process, providing, for example, experiments to simulate physiological processes in Biomedical Engineering subjects. This paper presents an online experiment, supported by a three-tank lab system to simulate an equivalent model of the physiological process of ingestion and excretion of a drug. A Web platform is used to interact with the remote and virtual labs, where students can visualize and obtain data in real time from the remote system and observe the dynamic behavior of the system considering a virtual representation.
Use of Qualitative Methods to Examine GIS Planning and Management in the Context of E-Governance
Authors: Mukherjee Falguni
Published: April 2016

Critical GIS recognizes that GIS technology is socially constructed and emphasizes the key role of various socio-political and institutional contexts in shaping GIS knowledge production. This article focusses on the use of GIS in the context of e-governance in India. In recent years the massive proliferation of ICTs in India has led to a transformation from traditional governance to e – governance. Several planning projects have been launched under the rubric of e-governance and have witnessed novel use of various information technologies, GIS being one of them. The theoretical framework used in this study draws from the Critical GIS body of literature that calls for taking a holistic approach to GIS examination by coupling the internal contexts with the external contextual environment shaping an organization's GIS planning and management. In order to achieve this goal qualitative methods of inquiry are adopted to investigate a municipal e-governance project launched by the Government of Karnataka to address issues of urban development using GIS.
Intravaginal Zinc Oxide Tetrapod Nanoparticles as Novel Immunoprotective Agents against Genital Herpes
Authors: Antoine Thessicar E. , Hadigal Satvik R. , Yakoub Abraam M. , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Bhattacharya Palash , Haddad Christine , Valyi-Nagy Tibor , Adelung Rainer , Prabhakar Bellur S. , Shukla Deepak
Published: April 2016

Virtually all efforts to generate an effective protection against the life-long, recurrent genital infections caused by HSV-2 have failed. Apart from sexual transmission, the virus can also be transmitted from mothers to neonates, and it is a key facilitator of HIV coacquisition. In this article, we uncover a nanoimmunotherapy using specially designed zinc oxide tetrapod nanoparticles (ZOTEN) with engineered oxygen vacancies. We demonstrate that ZOTEN, when used intravaginally as a microbicide, is an effective suppressor of HSV-2 genital infection in female BALB/c mice. The strong HSV-2 trapping ability of ZOTEN significantly reduced the clinical signs of vaginal infection and effectively decreased animal mortality. In parallel, ZOTEN promoted the presentation of bound HSV-2 virions to mucosal APCs, enhancing T cell–mediated and Ab-mediated responses to the infection, and thereby suppressing a reinfection. We also found that ZOTEN exhibits strong adjuvant-like properties, which is highly comparable with alum, a commonly used adjuvant. Overall, to our knowledge, our study provides the very first evidence for the protective efficacy of an intravaginal microbicide/vaccine or microbivac platform against primary and secondary female genital herpes infections.
Privileged Antigen Presentation in Splenic B Cell Follicles Maximizes T Cell Responses in Prime-Boost Vaccination
Authors: Bridle Byram W. , Nguyen Andrew , Salem Omar , Zhang Liang , Koshy Sandeep , Clouthier Derek , Chen Lan , Pol Jonathan , Swift Stephanie L. , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Lichty Brian D. , Bramson Jonathan L. , Wan Yonghong
Published: April 2016

Effector T cells (TEFF) are a barrier to booster vaccination because they can rapidly kill Ag-bearing APCs before memory T cells are engaged. We report in this study that i.v. delivery of rhabdoviral vectors leads to direct infection of follicular B cells in the spleen, where the earliest evidence of secondary T cell responses was observed. This allows booster immunizations to rapidly expand CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM) during the acute phase of the primary response that is dominated by TEFF. Interestingly, although the ablation of B cells before boosting with rhabdoviral vectors diminishes the expansion of memory T cells, B cells do not present Ags directly. Instead, depletion of CD11c+ dendritic cells abrogates secondary T cell expansion, suggesting that virus-infected follicular B cells may function as an Ag source for local DCs to subsequently capture and present the Ag. Because TCM are located within B cell follicles in the spleen whereas TEFF cannot traffic through follicular regions, Ag production and presentation by follicular APCs represent a unique mechanism to secure engagement of TCM during an ongoing effector response. Our data offer insights into novel strategies for rapid expansion of CD8+ T cells using prime-boost vaccines by targeting privileged sites for Ag presentation.
’n Kragtige bydrae tot persoonlike geloofsvorming van kerklike leiers gemoeid met kerkgroei
Authors: Steyn Karel P.
Published: April 2016

No abstract available.
Immunomediated Pan-cancer Regulation Networks are Dominant Fingerprints after Treatment of Cell Lines with Demethylation
Authors: Baroudi Manama El , Cinti Caterina , Capobianco Enrico
Published: April 2016

Pan-cancer studies are particularly relevant not only for addressing the complexity of the inherently observed heterogeneity but also for identifying clinically relevant features that may be common to the cancer types. Immune system regulations usually reveal synergistic modulation with other cancer mechanisms and in combination provide insights on possible advances in cancer immunotherapies. Network inference is a powerful approach to decipher pan-cancer systems dynamics. The methodology proposed in this study elucidates the impacts of epigenetic treatment on the drivers of complex pan-cancer regulation circuits involving cell lines of five cancer types. These patterns were observed from differential gene expression measurements following demethylation with 5-azacytidine. Networks were built to establish associations of phenotypes at molecular level with cancer hallmarks through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms. The most prominent feature that emerges from our integrative network maps, linking pathway landscapes to disease and drug-target associations, refers primarily to a mosaic of immune-system crosslinked influences. Therefore, characteristics initially evidenced in single cancer maps become motifs well summarized by network cores and fingerprints.
RefCNV: Identification of Gene-Based Copy Number Variants Using Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chang Lun-Ching , Das Biswajit , Lih Chih-Jian , Si Han , Camalier Corinne E. , McGregor Paul M. , Polley Eric
Published: April 2016

With rapid advances in DNA sequencing technologies, whole exome sequencing (WES) has become a popular approach for detecting somatic mutations in oncology studies. The initial intent of WES was to characterize single nucleotide variants, but it was observed that the number of sequencing reads that mapped to a genomic region correlated with the DNA copy number variants (CNVs). We propose a method RefCNV that uses a reference set to estimate the distribution of the coverage for each exon. The construction of the reference set includes an evaluation of the sources of variability in the coverage distribution. We observed that the processing steps had an impact on the coverage distribution. For each exon, we compared the observed coverage with the expected normal coverage. Thresholds for determining CNVs were selected to control the false-positive error rate. RefCNV prediction correlated significantly ( r = 0.96–0.86) with CNV measured by digital polymerase chain reaction for MET (7q31), EGFR (7p12), or ERBB2 (17q12) in 13 tumor cell lines. The genome-wide CNV analysis showed a good overall correlation (Spearman's coefficient = 0.82) between RefCNV estimation and publicly available CNV data in Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. RefCNV also showed better performance than three other CNV estimation methods in genome-wide CNV analysis.
Hitchhiker'S Guide to Voxel Segmentation for Partial Volume Correction of in Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Quadrelli Scott , Mountford Carolyn , Ramadan Saadallah
Published: April 2016

Partial volume effects have the potential to cause inaccuracies when quantifying metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In order to correct for cerebrospinal fluid content, a spectroscopic voxel needs to be segmented according to different tissue contents. This article aims to detail how automated partial volume segmentation can be undertaken and provides a software framework for researchers to develop their own tools. While many studies have detailed the impact of partial volume correction on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantification, there is a paucity of literature explaining how voxel segmentation can be achieved using freely available neuroimaging packages.
Tiempo y construcción. La intervención de Sverre Fehn en la granja de Hamar.
Authors: López de la Cruz Juan José
Published: April 2016

La intervención que el arquitecto noruego Sverre Fehn lleva a cabo en los restos de la antigua granja de Hamar, supone un encuentro intenso de tiempos y materias que sintetiza las experiencias vividas en sus viajes a Marruecos y París, sus obras de Bruselas y Venecia y el profundo arraigo en la cultura escandinava. En ella, es la construcción, por encima del diseño de la forma, la que permite establecer un diálogo con el pasado. A través del hormigón bruto, Fehn reconoce el tiempo presente a la vez que construye una pieza eficaz como soporte expositivo que discurre libremente entre las ruinas medievales.
Save Tor di Valle! Poética estructural de las tribunas del hipódromo de Tor di Valle. La obra maestra desconocida de un arquitecto español en Roma.
Authors: Pastor Marta
Published: April 2016

El hipódromo de Tor di Valle (1959), del arquitecto español Julio Lafuente, constituye un reto de diseño y realización que lo convierte en un referente ejemplar de la arquitectura de su época. La solución de membrana laminar de la cubierta y la estructura espacial del graderío suponen un signo de modernidad y racionalidad constructiva, y las enormes dimensiones del conjunto proporcionan a las tribunas una potencia expresiva extraordinaria. A pesar de ello, el edificio se encuentra hoy en peligro de demolición. El objetivo de este artículo es, por tanto, dar a conocer una obra que, a pesar de su belleza, ha pasado inadvertida durante las últimas décadas, y contribuir con ello a tratar de evitar su desaparición.
NOx lifetimes and emissions of cities and power plants in polluted background estimated by satellite observations
Authors: Liu Fei , Beirle Steffen , Zhang Qiang , Dörner Steffen , He Kebin , Wagner Thomas
Published: April 2016

Abstract. We present a new method to quantify NOx emissions and corresponding atmospheric lifetimes from OMI NO2 observations together with ECMWF wind fields without further model input for sources located in a polluted background. NO2 patterns under calm wind conditions are used as proxy for the spatial patterns of NOx emissions, and the effective atmospheric NOx lifetime is determined from the change of spatial patterns measured at larger wind speeds. Emissions are subsequently derived from the NO2 mass above the background, integrated around the source of interest. Lifetimes and emissions are estimated for 17 power plants and 53 cities located in non-mountainous regions across China and the USA. The derived lifetimes for the ozone season (May–September) are 3.8 ± 1.0 h (mean ± standard deviation) with a range of 1.8 to 7.5 h. The derived NOx emissions show generally good agreement with bottom-up inventories for power plants and cities. Regional inventory shows better agreement with top-down estimates for Chinese cities compared to global inventory, most likely due to different downscaling approaches adopted in the two inventories.