bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Zbp1 by miR-99b-5p in microglia controls the development of schizophrenia-like symptoms in mice
Authors: Kaurani Lalit , Islam Md Rezaul , Heilbronner Urs , Krüger Dennis M , Zhou Jiayin , Methi Aditi , Strauss Judith , Pradhan Ranjit , Schröder Sophie , Burkhardt Susanne , Schuetz Anna-Lena , Pena Tonatiuh , Erlebach Lena , Bühler Anika , Budde Monika , Senner Fanny , Kohshour Mojtaba Oraki , Schulte Eva C , Schmauß Max , Reininghaus Eva Z , Juckel Georg , Kronenberg-Versteeg Deborah , Delalle Ivana , Odoardi Francesca , Flügel Alexander , Schulze Thomas G , Falkai Peter , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Fischer Andre
Published: March 2024

Current approaches to the treatment of schizophrenia have mainly focused on the protein-coding part of the genome; in this context, the roles of microRNAs have received less attention. In the present study, we analyze the microRNAome in the blood and postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients, showing that the expression of miR-99b-5p is downregulated in both the prefrontal cortex and blood of patients. Lowering the amount of miR-99b-5p in mice leads to both schizophrenia-like phenotypes and inflammatory processes that are linked to synaptic pruning in microglia. The microglial miR-99b-5p-supressed inflammatory response requires Z-DNA binding protein 1 (Zbp1), which we identify as a novel miR-99b-5p target. Antisense oligonucleotides against Zbp1 ameliorate the pathological effects of miR-99b-5p inhibition. Our findings indicate that a novel miR-99b-5p-Zbp1 pathway in microglia might contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Salmonella manipulates macrophage migration via SteC-mediated myosin light chain activation to penetrate the gut-vascular barrier
Authors: Dai Yuanji , Zhang Min , Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Ting , Qi Wenqi , Ding Wei , Chen Zhe , Zhang Ping , Liu Ruirui , Chen Huimin , Chen Siyan , Wang Yuzhen , Yue Yingying , Song Nannan , Wang Weiwei , Jia Haihong , Ma Zhongrui , Li Cuiling , Chen Qixin , Li Bingqing
Published: March 2024

The intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica rapidly enters the bloodstream after the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but how Salmonella breaks through the gut-vascular barrier is largely unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella enters the bloodstream through intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages during early infection. Mechanistically, Salmonella induces the migration/invasion properties of macrophages in a manner dependent on host cell actin and on the pathogen effector SteC. SteC recruits host myosin light chain protein Myl12a and phosphorylates its Ser19 and Thr20 residues. Myl12a phosphorylation results in actin rearrangement, and enhanced migration and invasion of macrophages. SteC is able to utilize a wide range of NTPs other than ATP to phosphorylate Myl12a. We further solved the crystal structure of SteC, which suggests an atypical dimerization-mediated catalytic mechanism. Finally, in vivo data show that SteC-mediated cytoskeleton manipulation is crucial for Salmonella breaching the gut vascular barrier and spreading to target organs.
Pericyte signaling via soluble guanylate cyclase shapes the vascular niche and microenvironment of tumors
Authors: Zhu Jing , Yang Wu , Ma Jianyun , He Hao , Liu Zhen , Zhu Xiaolan , He Xueyang , He Jing , Chen Zhan , Jin Xiaoliang , Wang Xiaohong , He Kaiwen , Wei Wu , Hu Junhao
Published: March 2024

Pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the fundamental components of blood vessels. While the role of ECs in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment is well appreciated, pericyte function in tumors remains underexplored. In this study, we used pericyte-specific deletion of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), to investigate via single-cell RNA sequencing how pericytes influence the vascular niche and the tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that pericyte sGC deletion disrupts EC–pericyte interactions, impairing Notch-mediated intercellular communication and triggering extensive transcriptomic reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. These changes further extended their influence to neighboring cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through paracrine signaling, collectively suppressing tumor growth. Inhibition of pericyte sGC has minimal impact on quiescent vessels but significantly increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to conventional anti-angiogenic therapy. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of pericytes in shaping the tumor vascular niche and tumor microenvironment and support pericyte sGC targeting as a promising strategy for improving anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer treatment.
Structure, Design and Synthesis
Authors: Desai Aamod V. , Wei Yong-Sheng , Ghosh Sujit K. , Horike Satoshi
Published: March 2024

Flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) form an attractive class of solid-state materials that exhibit structural softness and a discernible response to external stimulus, physical or chemical. These features make them suitable for several applications for energy, environment and biomedicine, with the ability to tune their characteristics at the molecular level. This chapter provides a detailed analysis of their synthesis and structural properties, with the aim to derive design principles. The flexibility is stated at two levels: one part with the focus on the building blocks of such systems, and the other considering the topological viewpoint in their supramolecular assemblies. The role of metals, ligands and guest molecules in influencing their dynamic nature is discussed with several examples from a range of MOFs. The chapter closes with a perspective on the factors that can enable complete understanding of flexibility in MOFs and thereby lead to a greater understanding in terms of designing such materials.
Mechanism of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Against Infectious Disease-causing Pathogens
Authors: Jayasree E. A. , Rajeshkumar A. S.
Published: March 2024

Infections are caused by the growth or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms in the human body and infectious diseases, also called as communicable diseases, are a major burden to human health worldwide. Pathogens have developed resistance through various mechanisms, such as increasing the amount of time they stay in the intracellular environment, in which drugs are unable to reach therapeutic levels. Furthermore, there are a few issues that decrease the efficacy of drugs, including the use of high doses and frequent drug administrations that might have harmful side effects or can be toxic. Such issues can be resolved and therapeutic effectiveness can be improved with the use of nanoparticle systems. The mechanism of action provides knowledge about the pathway by which nanoparticles act on infectious pathogens. This, in turn, provides clarity about how the nanoparticles act against a particular group of pathogenic microbes in a more specific way. Numerous microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, have been investigated with respect to the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles. This chapter summarizes the effects of silver and gold nanoparticles against microbial infections along with the possible mechanism of action.
Nanomaterial-based Narrowband UVB Light-emitting Devices for Phototherapy Treatment of Infectious Skin Diseases
Authors: Balakrishna Avula , Sefage Amanda Percy , Reddy Leelakrishna
Published: March 2024

Most skin disorders are primarily due to infectious, genetic, and dermatological factors in the epidermal surfaces of the human body. In the medical field, the most common means of treatment of these skin diseases is through phototherapy. In this phototherapy technology, the procedure is mainly focused on the use of artificial ultraviolet B (UVB) light to stimulate skin healing through immune responses of the human body. Recent developments in the field of phototherapy have opened up new frontiers in medicine through the creation of nanoscale drugs that are capable of killing, regenerating, and repairing infectious skin cells. Despite the benefits of these nanoscale drugs, the development of nanoscale devices using nanomaterials that offer similar benefits is limited. The aim of this chapter is to review the role of different biocompatible nanomaterial devices with enhanced narrowband UVB emissions for treatments of infectious skin diseases in phototherapy.
Reduction-sensitive polymeric carrier for the targeted delivery of a quinazoline derivative for enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species against cancer
Authors: Cao Jianrong , Hong Keze , Lv Chengqi , Jiang Weiting , Chen Qi , Wang Rongze , Wang Yong
Published: March 2024

A reduction-sensitive polymeric carrier was synthesized for the targeted delivery of a quinazoline derivative to deplete intracellular glutathione and promote the reactive oxygen species level against cancer.
X-type silyl ligands for transition-metal catalysis
Authors: Gao Jihui , Ge Yicong , He Chuan
Published: March 2024

This review summarizes the developments of X-type silyl ligands for transition-metal catalysis, elucidating the unique features of σ-donating ability and trans-influence of silyl–metal catalysts.
Reprogramming of arachidonic acid metabolism using α-terpineol to alleviate asthma: insights from metabolomics
Authors: Rong Ying , Liu Fanglin , Zhou Hui , Yu Tong , Qin Zhaolong , Cao Qianwen , Liu Luyao , Ma Xiaoge , Qu Lingbo , Xu Peirong , Liao Xinglin , Jiang Qiman , Zhang Nan , Xu Xia
Published: March 2024

α-Terpineol and Hp-β-CD were prepared for Ter-Hp-β-CD inclusion complex for nebulized inhalation treatment in asthmatic mice. Biochemical indices and differential metabolite assays in mice showed that α-Terpineol is a potential drug to prevent asthma by reprogramming arachidonic acid metabolism.
Ag1+ incorporation via a Zr4+-anchored metalloligand: fine-tuning catalytic Ag sites in Zr/Ag bimetallic clusters for enhanced eCO2RR-to-CO activity
Authors: Li Liang-Jun , Mu Wen-Lei , Tian Yi-Qi , Yu Wei-Dong , Li Lan-Yan , Yan Jun , Liu Chao
Published: March 2024

We employed three structurally closely-related Zr/Ag bimetallic nanoclusters as model catalysts to conduct a precise comparison of the catalytic activity of three distinct Ag sites in CO2 electroreduction at the molecular level.
Selective adsorption of fluorinated super greenhouse gases within a metal–organic framework with dynamic corrugated ultramicropores
Authors: Whitehead Bevan S. , Brennessel William W. , Michtavy Shane S. , Silva Hope A. , Kim Jaehwan , Milner Phillip J. , Porosoff Marc D. , Barnett Brandon R.
Published: March 2024

A hydrophobic metal–organic framework displays some of the largest selectivities known for adsorption of the fluorinated greenhouse gases CF4 and CHF3 over N2.
Correction: Water-dispersible donor–acceptor–donor π-conjugated bolaamphiphiles enabling a humidity-responsive luminescence color change
Authors: Enjou Tomoya , Goto Shimpei , Liu Qiming , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Saeki Akinori , Uematsu Taro , Ikemoto Yuka , Watanabe Sora , Matsuba Go , Ishibashi Kouichiro , Watanabe Go , Minakata Satoshi , Sagara Yoshimitsu , Takeda Youhei
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Water-dispersible donor–acceptor–donor π-conjugated bolaamphiphiles enabling a humidity-responsive luminescence color change’ by Tomoya Enjou et al., Chem. Commun., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc05749f.
Beyond copper: examining the significance of His-mutations in mycobacterial GroEL1 HRCT for Ni(ii) complex stability and formation
Authors: Rola Anna , Kola Arian , Valensin Daniela , Palacios Oscar , Capdevila Merce , Gumienna-Kontecka Elżbieta , Potocki Sławomir
Published: March 2024

The histidine-rich C-terminal domain of GroEL1 (M. tuberculosis) and its mutants were studied as ligands for Ni(ii). The Ni(ii)-binding motif for the domain was established as EXHX3HX3H. The relevance of Lys5 for the complex stability was revealed.
Reversible structural change of [Co2Fe2] complexes between diamagnetic hydrogen-bonded 1D chains and paramagnetic complexes within a layered structure of amphiphilic anions
Authors: Mihara Nozomi , Iitsuka Soyoka , Shiga Takuya , Nihei Masayuki
Published: March 2024

In an alternating layered structure of an amphiphilic anion, the electron transfer-coupled spin transition of a [Co2Fe2] complex causes a reversible structural change between the hydrogen-bonded 1D chains and discrete complexes.
Sugar types, genetic predictors of the gut microbiome, and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Gang , Zhang Yixiao , Ou Fengrong , Chang Qing , Ji Chao , Yang Honghao , Chen Liangkai , Xia Yang , Zhao Yuhong
Published: March 2024

Emerging studies suggest that focusing on the intake of specific types or sources of sugars may yield greater benefits in preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Capture-and-release of a sulfoquinovose-binding protein on sulfoquinovose-modified agarose
Authors: Arumapperuma Thimali , Snow Alexander J. D. , Lee Mihwa , Sharma Mahima , Zhang Yunyang , Lingford James P. , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , Davies Gideon J. , Williams Spencer J.
Published: March 2024

Conjugation of sulfoquinovose to agarose via a linker provided SQ-agarose, which captures a sulfoquinovose-binding protein, and releases it upon elution with sulfoquinovose.
Surface ligand modified silver nanoparticles-based SERS sensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of the pesticide thiram in green tea leaves: roles of coating agents in sensing performance
Authors: Linh Dong Thi , Mai Quan-Doan , Nguyet Nga Dao Thi , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Van Tuan Hoang , Nguyen Ha Anh , Vu Xuan Hoa , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: March 2024

We fabricated three AgNPs: Ag-citrate, Ag-oleic, and Ag-bio. All exhibit a SERS effect enhancing thiram's Raman signal. Notably, Ag-Oleic shows superior performance, serving as an active SERS substrate for thiram detection in tea leaves.
Quantification of the composition of pyrolysis oils of complex plastic waste by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer detector
Authors: Serras-Malillos A. , Perez-Martinez B. B. , Iriondo A. , Acha E. , Lopez-Urionabarrenechea A. , Caballero B. M.
Published: March 2024

Waste valorisation through pyrolysis generates solid, liquid and gaseous fractions that need to be deeply characterised in order to try to recover secondary raw materials or chemicals.
Preparation and properties of a 3D printed nHA/PLA bone tissue engineering scaffold loaded with a β-CD–CHX combined dECM hydrogel
Authors: Li Shangbo , Liu Zijian , Gao Xiaohan , Cheng Lidi , Xu Zexian , Li Li , Diao Yaru , Chen Liqiang , Liu Yanshan , Sun Jian
Published: March 2024

Flow chart of nHA/PLA/dECM/β-CD-CHX preparation.
Aqueous exfoliation and dispersion of monolayer and bilayer graphene from graphite using sulfated cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Pingrey Benjamin , Ede James D. , Sayes Christie M. , Shatkin Jo Anne , Stark Nicole , Hsieh You-Lo
Published: March 2024

High-quality graphene in 42% monolayer and rest in bilayer was efficiently aqueously exfoliated in the presence of amphiphilic sulfated cellulose nanofibrils (SCNFs) or simultaneously with sulfated cellulose.
A new oxime synthesized from Senecio nutans SCh. Bip (chachacoma) reduces calcium influx in the vascular contractile response in rat aorta
Authors: Palacios Javier , Asunción-Alvarez Daniel , Aravena Diego , Chiong Mario , Catalán Marcelo A. , Parra Claudio , Cifuentes Fredi , Paredes Adrián
Published: March 2024

The Sn–I metabolite decreases the contractile response to KCl or phenylephrine (PE) mainly by blocking Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC).
Machine learning-empowered study of metastable γ-CsPbI3 under pressure and strain
Authors: Han Minkyung , Peng Cheng , Song Ruyi , Ke Feng , Nashed Youssef S. G. , Mao Wendy L. , Jia Chunjing , Lin Yu
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate superior performance of various machine learning models in predicting properties of metastable γ-CsPbI3 under pressure and strain, revealing the relationships between its structure and property.
Well-defined polymorph transformation sequences and novel tetragonal twin-domain patterns in the morphotropic phase boundary of Dy-modified BiFeO3–PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Xiang Yanzi , Zhuang Jian , Tang Zhuohua , An Zheyi , Zhang Yi , Feng Guobao , Kubrin Stas P. , Ren Wei , Zhang Nan
Published: March 2024

Well-defined polymorph transformation sequences and novel tetragonal twin-domain patterns are found in the MPB of Dy-modified BiFeO3–PbTiO3 single crystals.
Stability of the coronal magnetic field around large confined and eruptive solar flares
Authors: Gupta M. , Thalmann J. K. , Veronig A. M.
Published: March 2024

Context.The coronal magnetic field, which overlies the current-carrying field of solar active regions, straps the magnetic configuration below. The characteristics of this overlying field are crucial in determining if a flare will be eruptive and accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME), or if it will remain confined without a CME.

Aims.In order to improve our understanding of the pre-requisites of eruptive solar flares, we study and compare different measures that characterize the eruptive potential of solar active regions – the critical height of the torus instability (TI) as a local measure and the helicity ratio as a global measure – with the structural properties of the underlying magnetic field, namely the altitude of the center of the current-carrying magnetic structure.

Methods.Using time series of 3D optimization-based nonlinear force-free magnetic field models of ten different active regions (ARs) around the time of large solar flares, we determined the altitudes of the current-weighted centers of the non-potential model structures. Based on the potential magnetic field, we inspected the decay index,n, in multiple vertical planes oriented alongside or perpendicular to the flare-relevant polarity inversion line, and estimated the critical height (hcrit) of TI using different thresholds ofn. The critical heights were interpreted with respect to the altitudes of the current-weighted centers of the associated non-potential structures, as well as the eruptive character of the associated flares, and the eruptive potential of the host AR, as characterized by the helicity ratio.

Results.Our most important findings are that (i)hcritis more segregated in terms of the flare type than the helicity ratio, and (ii) coronal field configurations with a higher eruptive potential (in terms of the helicity ratio) also appear to be more prone to TI. Furthermore, we find no pronounced differences in the altitudes of the non-potential structures prior to confined and eruptive flares. An aspect that requires further investigation is that, generally, the modeled non-potential structures do not really reside in a torus-instable regime, so the applicability of the chosen nonlinear force-free modeling approach when targeting the structural properties of the coronal magnetic field is unclear.
Spatially resolved Hα and ionizing photon production efficiency in the lensed galaxy MACS1149-JD1 at a redshift of 9.11
Authors: Álvarez-Márquez J. , Colina L. , Crespo Gómez A. , Rinaldi P. , Melinder J. , Östlin G. , Annunziatella M. , Labiano A. , Bik A. , Bosman S. , Greve T. R. , Wright G. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Boogaard L. , Azollini R. , Caputi K. I. , Costantin L. , Eckart A. , García-Marín M. , Gillman S. , Hjorth J. , Iani E. , Ilbert O. , Jermann I. , Langeroodi D. , Meyer R. , Peißker F. , Pérez-González P. , Pye J. P. , Tikkanen T. , Topinka M. , van der Werf P. , Walter F. , Henning Th. , Ray T.
Published: March 2024

We present MIRI/JWST medium-resolution spectroscopy (MRS) and imaging (MIRIM) of the lensed galaxy MACS1149-JD1 at a redshift of z = 9.1092 ± 0.0002, when the Universe was about 530 Myr old. We detect, for the first time, spatially resolved Hα emission in a galaxy at a redshift above nine. The structure of the Hα emitting gas consists of two clumps, S and N, carrying about 60% and 40% of the total flux, respectively. The total Hα luminosity implies an instantaneous star-formation rate in the range of 3.2 ± 0.3 and 5.3 ± 0.4 M⊙ yr−1 for sub-solar and solar metallicities. The ionizing photon production efficiency, log(ζion), shows a spatially resolved structure with values of 25.55 ± 0.03; 25.47 ± 0.03; and 25.91 ± 0.09 Hz erg−1 for the integrated galaxy and clumps S and N, respectively. The Hα rest-frame equivalent width, EW0 (Hα), is 726−182+660 Å for the integrated galaxy, but it presents extreme values of 531−96+300 Å and ≥1951 Å for clumps S and N, respectively. The spatially resolved ionizing photon production efficiency is within the range of values measured in galaxies at a redshift above six and well above the canonical value (25.2 ± 0.1 Hz erg−1). The EW0 (Hα) is a factor of two lower than the predicted value at z = 9.11 based on the extrapolation of the evolution of the EW0 (Hα) with redshifts, ∝(1 + z)2.1, including galaxies detected with JWST. The extreme difference of the EW0 (Hα) for clumps S and N indicates the presence of a recent (< 5 Myr) stellar burst in clump N and a star formation over a larger period of time (e.g., ∼50 Myr) in clump S. The different ages of the stellar population place MACS1149-JD1 and clumps N and S at different locations in the log(ζion) to EW0 (Hα) plane and above the main relation defined from intermediate- and high-redshift (z = 3 − 7) galaxies detected with JWST. Finally, clump S and N show very different Hα kinematics, with velocity dispersions of 56 ± 4 km s−1 and 113 ± 33 km s−1, likely indicating the presence of outflows or increased turbulence in clump N. The dynamical mass Mdyn = (2.4 ± 0.5) × 109 M⊙, obtained from the size of the integrated Hα ionized nebulae and its velocity dispersion, is within the range previously measured with the spatially resolved [OIII]88 μm line.
A spectroscopic investigation of thermal instability for cylindrical equilibria with background flow
Authors: Hermans J. , Keppens R.
Published: March 2024

Context. Flows are omnipresent and govern the dynamics of plasma. Solar tornadoes are a class of apparently rotating prominences that might be formed by thermal instability. In spectroscopic studies on thermal instability, background flow is commonly neglected.

Aims. We here determine the effect of background flow on thermal instability in cylindrical magnetic field configurations. How various parameters affect the distribution of eigenmodes in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) spectrum is also explored. We investigate whether discrete thermal modes exist.

Methods. In an analytical study, we extended upon the literature by including a generic background flow in a cylindrical coordinate system. The non-adiabatic MHD equations are linearised, Fourier-analysed, and examined to understand how a background flow changes the continua. An approximate expression for discrete thermal modes is derived using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) analysis. The analytical results are then verified for a benchmark equilibrium using the eigenvalue code Legolas. The eigenfunctions of discrete thermal modes are visualised in 2D and 3D.

Results. The thermal continuum is Doppler-shifted due to the background flow, just like the slow and Alfvén continua. Discrete modes are altered because the governing equations contain flow-related terms. An approximate expression to predict the appearance of discrete thermal modes based on the equilibrium parameters is derived. All analytical expressions match the numerical results. The distribution of the density perturbations of the discrete thermal modes is not a uniform or singular condensation, due to the shape of the eigenfunctions and the dependence of the assumed waveform on the coordinates and wavenumbers. A 3D visualisation of the total velocity field shows that the helical field is heavily influenced by the radial velocity perturbation.

Conclusions. We derived analytic expressions for non-adiabatic MHD modes of a cylindrical equilibrium with background flow and verified them using a coronal equilibrium. However, the equations are valid for and can be applied in other astrophysical environments.
Study the wear behaviour of Al7075/SiC Composite utilizing the grey-based Taguchi technique
Authors: Bhowmik Abhijit , Kumar Indradeep , Venkatesh VSS , Kaushal Sarbjeet , Zabibah Rahman S. , Gupta Manish
Published: March 2024

Composites are replacing more conventional materials due to their advantageous properties, such as high strength, hardness, low weight, and wear resistance. In this study, the stir casting method is used to create an Al7075/SiC aluminium matrix composite, and its dry sliding wear behaviour is examined. The EDX and SEM results both show that the silicon carbide is evenly distributed throughout the matrix. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the composites is investigated using the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array to reduce the number of experimental runs. Four key process parameters—reinforcement quantity (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%), load (15N, 30N, 45N, and 60N), sliding velocity (0.75m/s), sliding distance (1.5m/s), and sliding distance (3m/s)—are evaluated across four levels to determine the best parameter combination for reducing wear rate. S/N ratios are best when the following conditions are met: 3 wt.% SiC reinforcement, 15 N load, 3 m/s sliding velocity, and 800 m sliding distance (as shown in the main effect graphic). Wear rate, frictional force, and coefficient of friction are all affected by the four process parameters, and their effects are often studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) outcome indicated that the probability value associated with the applied load was below 0.05, signifying statistical significance.
Study on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete High-Rise Building with Buckling Restrained Braces Dissipation Devices
Authors: Kant Ravi , Thakur M S
Published: March 2024

Performance-based Seismic Engineering is the modem approach to Earthquake Resistant Design to control lateral deflection and inter-story drifts. It is a significant challenge to overcome in the execution of high-rise buildings. Since structures are subjected to lateral loads, the Utilization of dissipation devices such as the bracing, shear wall, and dampers are a possible method to enhance the structural performance of the high-rise building under load cases. These cases are varying to static and dynamic ones as Response Spectrum. Properly designed and detailed structures with dissipation devices have exhibited excellent performance during a severe earthquake. Lateral forces due to will be resisted in its plane. In continuation studies of reinforced concrete structure compared to the absorbing devices, Three essential reinforced concrete buildings were taken for analysis G+ 30 floors to cover the broader spectrum of high-rise building construction. Software ETABS carried out seismic analysis through Response Spectrum Analysis. The result highlights how structural damper systems perform much better than other systems with accuracy and exactness through the parameters of Displacement, Drift, Base shear, and Stiffness. Damper structures are more suitable for high-rise buildings and earthquake zones due to this study's results; maximum height of systems could be possible, which must be economically less expensive than steel structure of the same height.
Community-based centralized solar mini-grid management for rural electrification: Evidence from remote villages
Authors: Barsei Adhityo Nugraha , Pamungkasih Estri , Sabtohadi Joko , Asmoro Bramantyo Tri , Anindyasari Yurike , Saputra Alhadi
Published: March 2024

Centralized solar mini-grid Program (PLTS Terpusat) is a policy issued by the Indonesian government to assist rural electrification in remote villages. Muara Enggelam, Labuangkallo and Balikukup villages are remote villages that have received centralized solar mini-grid grants from the Central and Provincial Governments. This study aims to capture community-based centralized solar mini-grid management for rural electrification in remote villages based on a logic model perspective. Data collection was carried out qualitatively by conducting interviews with local authority, community leaders, business actors, community, and solar minigrid managers unit. The results of the study show that solar off-grid managed by the community includes: (1) Inputs: community involvement, technical and managerial competence, and sustainable budget; (2) Processes: integrated with business local, community contribution, community commitment, and monev; (3) Outputs: rural electrification, and socioeconomic benefit. However, there are several obstacles in the management of the Solar off-grid in Labuangkallo and Balikukup Village, namely the community’s commitment to providing monthly contributions and the weak leadership of the village government in managing the Solar off-grid.
Traitements de la mucoviscidose
Authors: Bardin Emmanuelle , Pranke Iwona , Hinzpeter Alexandre , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle
Published: March 2024

Avec le temps, la mucoviscidose est devenue un exemple de synergie entre la recherche en biologie cellulaire et les progrès cliniques. Les thérapies protéiques ont enfin apporté l’espoir d’une vie normale aux patients, bouleversant ainsi les statistiques épidémiologiques établies. Néanmoins, les patients ne guérissent pas, et l’évolution épidémiologique de la maladie ouvre de nouveaux défis pour la prise en charge des malades. Par ailleurs, environ 10 % des patients demeurent sans solution thérapeutique. De nouvelles stratégies sont ainsi envisagées et la communauté des chercheurs, industriels, patients et autorités de santé reste mobilisée pour suivre les effets à long terme de ces nouveaux traitements et explorer de nouvelles approches pharmacologiques.
Sous le capot des sosies
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: March 2024

Rare unrelated individuals show striking resemblance, almost as high as monozygotic twins. Extensive genetic analysis of a set of such individuals shows that every couple shares a given allele at a large set of loci, enriched for “face genes”. The similarity is limited to this set of loci, and the rest of the genome is quite diverse in these “look alike” individuals.
Theoretical foundations of voluntary tax compliance: evidence from a developing country
Authors: Mebratu Agumas Alamirew
Published: March 2024

Tax non-compliance is a persistent problem that is becoming increasingly common worldwide. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence voluntary tax compliance among large taxpayers in Ethiopia based on the theoretical foundation of tax compliance. This study used an ordinary logit regression model, a closed-ended questionnaire with 1550 taxpayers, and quantitative data analysis. The regression analysis shows that tax compliance behavior is positively and significantly influenced by government trust, taxpayers’ tax knowledge, tax system fairness, and rewards. However, compliance costs negatively and significantly affect tax compliance. To improve voluntary tax compliance, the government and tax authorities need to be more open and responsible. They must also increase tax awareness among taxpayers through websites, seminars, and the media. Ultimately, they must reduce compliance costs and deliver tangible and intangible benefits to honest taxpayers.
Modified stochastic diffusion particle tracking model driven by skew Brownian motion: Analysis of sediment particle motion in turbulent flow under the effects of ejection and sweep
Authors: Tsai Christina W. , Wu Meng-Jie , Kumbhakar Manotosh
Published: March 2024

Turbulent bursting events have been classified into outward interactions (Q1), ejections (Q2), inward interactions (Q3), and sweeps (Q4) in various studies. Ejections (Q2) and sweeps (Q4) have been identified as significant contributors to time consumption, momentum flux, and sediment flux. Additionally, research has shown that the distribution of these events varies nonuniformly at different bed elevations. Despite extensive investigations into the nonuniform distribution of turbulent bursting events, their impact on sediment transport has been rarely explored. In this work, we developed a modified stochastic diffusion particle tracking model (SD-PTM) driven by skew Brownian motion (SBM) using the stochastic Lagrangian approach to scrutinize sediment particle movement in turbulent flows. The model incorporates turbulent characteristics derived from a direct numerical simulation dataset, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of sediment particle dynamics. Moreover, the proposed model accounts for the nonuniform spatial distribution of ejection and sweep events, as well as the particle movement direction during these events. Numerical simulations of the model were conducted to trace sediment particle trajectories in the streamwise and vertical directions. The analysis of sediment transport involved calculating the variance of particle trajectories to examine anomalous diffusion. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing it with flow velocity and sediment concentration profiles obtained from measurements in previous studies. In conclusion, our study suggests that the motion of sediment particles in turbulent flow can be thoroughly investigated under extreme flow conditions using the modified SD-PTM driven by SBM.
Ground state property calculations of LiHn complexes using IBM Qiskit’s quantum simulator
Authors: Avramidis Benjamin , Paudel Hari P. , Alfonso Dominic , Duan Yuhua , Jordan Kenneth D.
Published: March 2024

In this study, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) on a quantum simulator is used in calculating ground state electronic structure properties of the LiHn, n = 1–3, complexes including their singly charged ions. Results calculated using classical electronic structure algorithms are also included. We investigate the use of the unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (UCCSD) Ansatz using VQE within Qiskit and compare results to full configuration interaction (FCI) calculations. Computed ground state energies, electron affinities, ionization potentials, and dipole moments are considered. We report the first-of-its-kind simulated quantum computing results of selected LiHn species and use the parity orbital to qubit mapping scheme. We find that VQE/UCCSD results are comparable to classical coupled clusters with singles and doubles for all considered systems with respect to FCI. A VQE calculation cost evaluation is included in which we evaluate performance using both Jordan–Wigner and parity orbital to qubit mapping schemes. We also discuss some of the current limitations of utilizing VQE for the study of chemical systems.
The lattice thermal conductivity of hafnia: The influence of high-order scatterings and phonon coherence
Authors: Xiang Xing , Fan Hang , Zhou Yanguang
Published: March 2024

Hafnia (HfO2) is a potential candidate for the high-k gate dielectrics in next-generation high-power electronics. Its thermal transport properties, which determine the performance of these related high-power electronics, are critical while rarely investigated. Here, the thermal transport properties of HfO2 in a wide temperature range of 300–2000 K with a phase transition between monoclinic and tetragonal phases at ∼1765 K, are systematically studied based on the temperature-dependent effective potential landscapes with both propagating and coherence thermal transport considered. It is found that the cage-like structure of monoclinic HfO2 results in the avoid crossing in the phonon band structures, which increases the three-phonon scattering largely. Some phonon modes with significant scattering matrix can have relatively larger 3ph and 4ph scattering rates in tetragonal HfO2. Consequently, the thermal conductivity of HfO2 is only 11.95–1.72 W/mK at 300–2000 K. Our results further show that propagating phonon channels dominate the thermal transport in HfO2 and contribute at least 70% to the total thermal conductivity. The rest of the thermal conductivity of HfO2 results from the coherence thermal transport channels, which is caused by the overlap of phonons. Four-phonon scatterings are found to be significant for the thermal transport in tetragonal HfO2, which can result in a thermal conductivity reduction of ∼50%. Our results here advance the understanding of the thermal transport in HfO2, which may benefit the performance optimization of HfO2-related electronics.
A residual graph convolutional network for setting initial flow field in computational fluid dynamics simulations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , Sun Guopeng , Zhang Peng , Wang Yueqing , Zhang Jian , Deng Liang , Lin Jie , Chen Jianqiang
Published: March 2024

The computational cost of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is relatively high due to its computational complexity. To reduce the computing time required by CFD, researchers have proposed various methods, including efficient time advancement methods, correction methods for discrete control equations, multigrid methods, reasonable initial field setting methods, and parallel methods. Among these methods, the initial field setting method can provide significant performance improvements, but there is little work on it. Existing CFD industrial software typically uses inflow conditions for the initial flow field or applies empirical methods, which can cause instability in the CFD calculation process and make convergence difficult. With the rapid development of deep learning, researchers are increasingly attempting to replace CFD simulations with deep neural networks and have achieved significant performance improvements. However, these methods still face some challenges. First, they can only predict the computational flow field on regular grids. They cannot directly make predictions for irregular grids such as multi-block grids and unstructured grids, so the final flow field can only be obtained through interpolation and similar methods. Second, although these methods have been claimed to provide high accuracy, there is still a significant gap in performance with CFD and they cannot yet be applied to real scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a Residual Graph Convolutional Network for Initial Flow Field Setting (RGCN-IFS) in CFD simulations. This method converts the grid into a graph structure and uses an improved graph neural network to predict the flow field. In this way, we can predict the flow field on any type of grid. More importantly, this method does not directly replace CFD simulations, but it rather serves in an auxiliary role, providing appropriate initial flow fields for the CFD calculations, improving the convergence efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy, and directly bridging the accuracy gap between intelligent surrogate models and CFD simulations.
Dispersion complexity–entropy curves: An effective method to characterize the structures of nonlinear time series
Authors: Jiang Runze , Shang Pengjian
Published: March 2024

The complexity–entropy curve (CEC) is a valuable tool for characterizing the structure of time series and finds broad application across various research fields. Despite its widespread usage, the original permutation complexity–entropy curve (PCEC), which is founded on permutation entropy (PE), exhibits a notable limitation: its inability to take the means and amplitudes of time series into considerations. This oversight can lead to inaccuracies in differentiating time series. In this paper, drawing inspiration from dispersion entropy (DE), we propose the dispersion complexity–entropy curve (DCEC) to enhance the capability of CEC in uncovering the concealed structures within nonlinear time series. Our approach initiates with simulated data including the logistic map, color noises, and various chaotic systems. The outcomes of our simulated experiments consistently showcase the effectiveness of DCEC in distinguishing nonlinear time series with diverse characteristics. Furthermore, we extend the application of DCEC to real-world data, thereby asserting its practical utility. A novel approach is proposed, wherein DCEC-based feature extraction is combined with multivariate support vector machine for the diagnosis of various types of bearing faults. This combination achieved a high accuracy rate in our experiments. Additionally, we employ DCEC to assess stock indices from different countries and periods, thereby facilitating an analysis of the complexity inherent in financial markets. Our findings reveal significant insights into the dynamic regularities and distinct structures of these indices, offering a novel perspective for analyzing financial time series. Collectively, these applications underscore the potential of DCEC as an effective tool for the nonlinear time series analysis.
The photoionization of methoxymethanol: Fingerprinting a reactive C2 oxygenate in a complex reactive mixture
Authors: Hansen Niko A. , Price Trevor D. , Filardi Leah R. , Gurses Sadi M. , Zhou Wenqi , Hansen Nils , Osborn David L. , Zádor Judit , Kronawitter Coleman X.
Published: March 2024

Methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) is a reactive C2 ether-alcohol that is formed by coupling events in both heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. It is found in complex reactive environments—for example those associated with catalytic reactors, combustion systems, and liquid-phase mixtures of oxygenates. Using tunable synchrotron-generated vacuum-ultraviolet photons between 10.0 and 11.5 eV, we report on the photoionization spectroscopy of methoxymethanol. We determine that the lowest-energy photoionization process is the dissociative ionization of methoxymethanol via H-atom loss to produce [C2H5O2]+, a fragment cation with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) = 61.029. We measure the appearance energy of this fragment ion to be 10.24 ± 0.05 eV. The parent cation is not detected in the energy range examined. To elucidate the origin of the m/z = 61.029 (C2H5O2) fragment, we used automated electronic structure calculations to identify key stationary points on the cation potential energy surface and compute conformer-specific microcanonical rate coefficients for the important unimolecular processes. The calculated H-atom dissociation pathway results in a [C2H5O2]+ fragment appearance at 10.21 eV, in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Experimental verification of rotating detonation engine with film cooling
Authors: Yu Jingtian , Yao Songbai , Li Jingzhe , Li Jianghong , Wang Rujia , Wang Bin , Zhang Wenwu
Published: March 2024

In this short letter, we report an experimental investigation on the integration of film cooling for thermal protection in a 72-mm cylindrical rotating detonation engine (RDE). The cooling scheme involves injection of cooling air through a series of cat-ear-shaped film cooling holes densely distributed along the outer wall of the cylindrical combustor. Our findings reveal the successful initiation of the RDE and sustained propagation of the rotating detonation wave (RDW) when film cooling is activated, and the outflow reaches a supersonic state. Experimental observations corroborate the numerical simulations, indicating a lateral expansion tendency of the cooling jet under the influence of the high-frequency RDW.
Rheological behavior of high-pour-point oil: Insights into viscosity–temperature prediction and viscoelastic-yielding transition
Authors: Tang Xuechen , Li Yiqiang , Hu Zhanqun , Xiao Chuanmin , Liu Zheyu , Lv Xiaolong
Published: March 2024

The rheological characteristics of high-pour-point (high-PPT) oil are crucial for its economical and safe production and transportation. However, current research on the viscosity–temperature prediction and viscoelastic-yielding transition of high-PPT oil is insufficient. The Arrhenius formula faces challenges in accurately depicting the viscosity–temperature relationship, and there is a lack of a quantitative description of the viscoelastic-yielding transition behavior in gelled high-PPT oil. This study addresses these gaps through a series of rheological experiments. The results reveal that the viscosity–temperature relationship of high-PPT oil can be classified into three regions, each associated with a sequentially increasing activation energy Ea. Introducing two characteristic parameters, T0 and n, yields a modified Arrhenius formula with an extended range of applicability. Thixotropy and gelation process experiments demonstrate an exponential increase in thixotropic strength with a decreasing temperature below the wax appearance temperature, while an optimum cooling rate maximizes the gelation degree of high-PPT oil. A brittleness index BI was defined to quantitatively describe the fracture mode of gelled crude. Critical characteristic strains and BI exhibit a decrease with an increase in the reciprocal of the average free degree 1/wfree, where the diminishing trend of BI follows a robust power-law form. This comprehensive investigation contributes valuable insights into the rheological behavior of high-PPT oil, offering a foundation for more accurate modeling and control strategies in its production and transportation.
Pathogen prospecting of museums: Reconstructing malaria epidemiology
Authors: Nelder Mark P. , Schats Rachel , Poinar Hendrik N. , Cooke Amanda , Brickley Megan B.
Published: March 2024

Malaria is a disease of global significance. Ongoing changes to the earth’s climate, antimalarial resistance, insecticide resistance, and socioeconomic decline test the resilience of malaria prevention programs. Museum insect specimens present an untapped resource for studying vector-borne pathogens, spurring the question: Do historical mosquito collections contain
Plasmodium
DNA, and, if so, can museum specimens be used to reconstruct the historical epidemiology of malaria? In this Perspective, we explore molecular techniques practical to pathogen prospecting, which, more broadly, we define as the science of screening entomological museum specimens for human, animal, or plant pathogens. Historical DNA and pathogen prospecting provide a means of describing the coevolution of human, vector, and parasite, informing the development of insecticides, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Size-dependent self-avoidance enables superdiffusive migration in macroscopic unicellulars
Authors: Tröger Lucas , Goirand Florian , Alim Karen
Published: March 2024

Many cells face search problems, such as finding food, mates, or shelter, where their success depends on their search strategy. In contrast to other unicellular organisms, the slime mold
Physarum polycephalum
forms a giant network-shaped plasmodium while foraging for food. What is the advantage of the giant cell on the verge of multicellularity? We experimentally study and quantify the migration behavior of
P. polycephalum
plasmodia on the time scale of days in the absence and presence of food. We develop a model which successfully describes its migration in terms of ten data-derived parameters. Using the mechanistic insights provided by our data-driven model, we find that regardless of the absence or presence of food,
P. polycephalum
achieves superdiffusive migration by performing a self-avoiding run-and-tumble movement. In the presence of food, the run duration statistics change, only controlling the short-term migration dynamics. However, varying organism size, we find that the long-term superdiffusion arises from self-avoidance determined by cell size, highlighting the potential evolutionary advantage that this macroscopically large cell may have.