bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can one question be a useful indicator of psychosocial problems in adolescents with diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Maas‐van Schaaijk Nienke M , Odink Roelof J , Ultee Kees , van Baar Anneloes L
Published: January 2011

Aim:  A screening tool for psychosocial functioning of adolescents with diabetes is unavailable. We investigated whether one question using a Visual Analogue Scale that indicates a rating from the worst (0) to the best possible life (10) is related to standardized indices of psychosocial functioning and well‐being in adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM).

Method:  One hundred and fifty‐one adolescents with T1DM and 122 healthy peers between 12 and 18 years of age were asked to rate their life on a scale, varying from 0 to 10. Behaviour problems and depressive symptoms were measured with the Youth Self‐Report (YSR) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI).

Results:  Adolescents with T1DM rated their life less positive in comparison with their healthy peers (F1,269 = 14.01, p = 0.000). Adolescents with T1DM who rated their life with a 6 or lower reported more depressive symptoms and behaviour problems (F2,131 = 24.19, p = 0.00) compared to those with higher scores (7 or up).

Conclusion:  One question the ‘rate your life scale’ identified most of the adolescents at risk of internalizing behaviour problems, especially depression. The results of this first step in exploring the validity of this question as a screening tool for psychological functioning are promising.
Pd and Ag metal‐silicate partitioning applied to Earth differentiation and core‐mantle exchange
Authors: WHEELER Kevin T. , WALKER David , McDONOUGH William F.
Published: January 2011

Abstract–Pd and Ag partitioning between liquid Fe metallic sulfide and liquid silicate under plausible magma ocean conditions constrains potential core107Ag content and the origin of observed Pd and Ag mantle abundances.DPdmetallic sulfide/silicate(element concentration in metallic liquid/concentration in silicate liquid) in our experiments is insensitive to S content and temperature, but increases with total Pd content.DPdmetallic sulfide/silicateat low Pd concentration ranges from approximately 150–650. Metallic sulfide Pd content and silicate Pd content anticorrelate in our study. A curved silicate saturation surface in the Fe sulfide–silicate Pd ternary can explain both the metallic sulfide–silicate Pd anticorrelation and interstudy differences inDPdmetallic sulfide/silicatebehavior. The size and shape of the curved silicate phase volume may respond to physical and chemical conditions, reducing the general applicability ofDcalculations. Ag becomes decreasingly siderophile as S increases:DAgmetallic sulfide/silicatedecreases from 144 at 0 wt% S to 2.5 at 28 wt% S added to the starting metal sulfide liquid. Model calculations indicate that 1% core material incorporated into the Hawai’ian plume would yield a107Ag signature on the surface smaller than detectable by current analytical techniques. Observed Pd and Ag mantle depletions relative to bulk Earth are consistent with depletions calculated with the data from this study for a magma ocean scenario without additional accretionary input after core formation.
Evidence for late rifting of the Cordilleran margin outlined by stratigraphic division of the Lower Cambrian Gog Group, Rocky Mountain Main Ranges, British Columbia and Alberta
Authors: Lickorish W. Henry , Simony Philip S.
Published: January 2011

The Lower Cambrian McNaughton Formation of the Gog Group occupies a stratigraphic position transitional between the rift-related rocks of the underlying Upper Proterozoic Miette Group, and the overlying Paleozoic passive margin succession. A major regional unconformity, overlain by a distinctive orthoquartzite marker, has been traced within the McNaughton Formation. This unconformity has been shown to truncate normal faults active during the deposition of the lower McNaughton Formation. The lower McNaughton Formation consists of mature, coarse-grained fluvial sediments accumulated in hanging-wall half-grabens of active normal faults. These faults represent the final stage of rifting on the continental margin. The unconformity on the footwall blocks of these faults can be traced into the hanging wall, and is overlain by the shoreface sediments of the transgressive upper McNaughton Formation. Formal subdivision of the McNaughton Formation into four lithostratigraphic members is proposed, in order to describe this geometry.
Note on the Solution of Transport Equation by Tau Method and Walsh Functions
Authors: Kadem Abdelouahab , Kilicman Adem
Published: January 2011

We consider the combined Walsh function for the three‐dimensional
case. A method for the solution of the neutron transport equation in three‐dimensional case
by using the Walsh function, Chebyshev polynomials, and the Legendre polynomials are
considered. We also present Tau method, and it was proved that it is a good approximate to
exact solutions. This method is based on expansion of the angular flux in a truncated series
of Walsh function in the angular variable. The main characteristic of this technique is that
it reduces the problems to those of solving a system of algebraic equations; thus, it is greatly
simplifying the problem.
The Prognostic Value of Obtaining a Negative Endoscopy in Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Bonilla Silvana , Deli Wang  , Saps Miguel
Published: January 2011

Objectives: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common. Diagnosis is based on the Rome criteria. It has been argued that performing endoscopies could help by providing reassurance and thus improve outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of obtaining normal endoscopies in the outcome of children with FGIDs. Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with abdominal pain related-FGIDs were reviewed. To assess the child’s symptoms at follow-up, parents completed the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms III (QPGS III). Primary outcome was presence of abdominal pain (AP) and secondary outcomes were AP severity. Results: A total of 301 patients were diagnosed with abdominal pain—related FGIDs. Overall, 62.6% reported persistence of AP and 37.4% were asymptomatic at follow-up. Among patients with endoscopies, 61% reported AP. Among patients without endoscopies, 64% were symptomatic ( P = .76). AP frequency, AP intensity, and child’s disability were similar in those with and without endoscopies. Conclusion: The study does not suggest that a negative endoscopy improves the outcome of children with FGIDs.
Classroom Discipline Across Forty-One Countries: School, Economic, and Cultural Differences
Authors: Ming Ming Chiu  , Chow Bonnie Wing Yin
Published: January 2011

This study examined classroom discipline and its determinants through multilevel analyses of 107,975 students in 7,259 schools from 41 countries. In schools with proportionately more girls, better school discipline, higher achieving students, more teacher support, or better teacher-student relations, students reported better classroom discipline. Countries’ economies and cultural values were linked to reported classroom discipline. In countries that were poorer, more equal, or had more rigid gender roles, students reported higher classroom discipline. Moreover, school variables’ links to classroom discipline differed across countries. Specifically, in richer countries, teacher support and teacher-student relations had stronger, positive links to reported classroom discipline. In more equal countries, students’ mathematics achievement had stronger, positive links to reported classroom discipline. Moderation effects of cultural values were also explored.
Planning Policy and Retail Property Investment in the UK
Authors: Jackson Catherine , Watkins Craig
Published: January 2011

Empirical evidence suggests that planning policies significantly impact on investment property market performance in the UK. It is less clear, however, how information about the planning policy environment feeds into investment decision-making. This paper seeks to explore this issue. It reports on interviews with the property investment community and focuses on the decision to invest in the retail sector. The paper uses a six-stage model of the investment decision-making process as a framework for analysing the way in which concerns about policy impact on behaviour. The results suggest that an understanding of the policy environment and the development of a relationship with local planning authorities are most important in the post-acquisition asset management stage of the investment process. The research also reveals variations in access to policy intelligence and that approaches to analysis of the likely effects of planning regimes vary with fund type and strategy.
Differentiating Centrality and Power in the World City Network
Authors: Neal Zachary
Published: January 2011

Centrality and power have become common foci for world city network research and frequently serve as tools for describing cities’ position or status in the system. However, these concepts are difficult to define and measure. Often they are treated as equivalent: more central cities have more power. This paper challenges this assumed equivalence by proposing conceptually distinct definitions and developing two new measures that allow them to be differentiated empirically. Applying the proposed measures in a hypothetical world city network and the Internet backbone network reveals that centrality and power are distinct and suggests that world cities should be viewed as arising from multidimensional network positions that define multiple types: quintessential world cities that are both central and powerful (such as New York and London), hub world cities that are central but not powerful (such as Washington and Brussels) and gateway world cities that are powerful but not central (such as Miami and Stockholm).
The Role of Need for Contraception in the Evaluation of Interventions to Improve Access to Family-Planning Methods
Authors: León Federico R. , Lundgren Rebecka , Sinai Irit , Jennings Victoria
Published: January 2011

A nonrandomized experiment carried out in Jharkhand, India, shows how the effects of interventions designed to improve access to family-planning methods can be erroneously regarded as trivial when contraceptive use is utilized as dependent variable, ignoring women’s need for contraception. Significant effects of the intervention were observed on met need (i.e., contraceptive use by women who need contraception) but not on contraceptive use (i.e., contraceptive use by women who may or may not need contraception). Met need captures the woman’s success in overcoming barriers to access to family planning, whereas contraceptive use confounds this construct with risk of pregnancy and fertility desires. Exceptions to this rule are identified.
Vancouver the Cannibal: Cuisine, Encounter, and the Dilemma of Difference on the Northwest Coast, 1774–1808
Authors: Thrush Coll
Published: January 2011

Food is fundamental. As Felipe Fernández-Armesto has written, food “has a good claim to be considered the world's most important subject. It is what matters most to most people for most of the time” (Near a Thousand Tables: A History of Food [New York, 2002], ix). We are what we eat, both materially and discursively, both in terms of the ecological networks that provide us with sustenance and the identities that define who we are as social, cultural, and historical beings. This article examines early contacts on the Northwest coast, using food as a lens on cultural and environmental encounter. Drawing on oral tradition and on accounts of explorers such as George Vancouver, this article treats the newcomers ethnographically, setting their behavior within the context of European cultural practices, and treats aboriginal societies historically, showing them as active participants in processes of change. Across tables and hearths, aboriginal people and the newcomers created a space in which static notions of race played a surprisingly small role. Instead, differences were seen as having to do with subtler concepts like generosity, cultivation, and taste. As with the belief, shared by Europeans and aboriginal people alike, that the strangers they encountered might be cannibals, these early encounters created what Gananath Obeyesekere calls a “dialogical misunderstanding” upon which would be laid the shaky foundations of empire (Cannibal Talk: The Man-Eating Myth and Human Sacrifice in the South Seas [Berkeley, CA, 2005]). By using food to ground the face-to-face encounters between native and newcomer and by placing indigenous understandings of encounter at the center of the story, this article seeks to describe some of the specific mechanisms, material and rhetorical, by which colonialism dispossessed.
Death and best interests: a response to the legal challenge
Authors: Baines Paul
Published: January 2011

In an earlier paper I argued that we do not have an objective conception of best interests and that this is a particular problem because the courts describe that they use an ‘…objective approach or test. That test is the best interests of the patient’ when choosing for children. I further argued that there was no obvious way in which we could hope to develop an objective notion of best interests. As well as this, I argued that a best-interest-based approach was a particular problem around the time of death of some children. A response from a legal perspective argued that, while there is not a clear conception of objective best interests, the courts have a well-described approach to finding a child's objective best interests. In this paper, I argue that without clear agreement on an objective conception of best interests, the courts are unable to locate an objective sense of best interests and that the solutions do not solve the problems that were identified in the initial paper ‘Death and best interests’.
Beyond informed choice: prenatal risk assessment, decision-making and trust
Authors: Schwennesen Nete , Svendsen Mette Nordahl , Koch Lene
Published: January 2011

In 2004, prenatal risk assessment (PRA) was implemented as a routine offer in Denmark, in order to give all pregnant women an informed choice about whether to undergo prenatal testing. PRA is a non-invasive intervention performed in the first trimester of pregnancy and measures the risk of a fetus having Down's syndrome or other chromosomal disorders. The risk figure provides the basis for action, i.e. the decision about whether or not to undergo invasive fetal testing via the maternal route (amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling), which, however, involves the risk of inducing a miscarriage. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork in an ultrasound clinic in Denmark and interviews with pregnant women and their partners, this paper investigates how ideals such as autonomy and non-directiveness are practised in processes of decision-making. We view such ideals as forming social practice rather than neutral instruments to reach a certain goal. Focusing on one couple's trajectory through the clinical practices of PRA and the process through which a decision is reached, we call into question the assumption that more choice and more objective information is a source of empowerment and control. We make evident how decisions are made through a complicated process of meaning-making, which emerges through the relationship between professionals, the clinical setting and the social life of the couples. In the face of complex risk knowledge, PRA users are reluctant to make choices and seek to re-install authority in the health professionals. However, when assumptions about autonomy and self-determination are inscribed into the social practice of PRA, authority is transferred to the couple undergoing PRA and a new configuration of responsibility evolves between the couple and their relationship to the fetus. It is argued that PRA performs a form of government that works not through compulsion or persuasion but through choice. An ethic of a shared responsibility for PRA and its outcome between pregnant women and health professionals would be more in agreement with how decisions are actually made.
Acceptability and practicability of elastic compression stockings in the elderly: a randomized controlled evaluation
Authors: Carpentier P H , Becker F , Thiney G , Poensin D , Satger B
Published: January 2011

Background

Compression stockings are the cornerstone of the treatment of chronic venous disorders, but practical acceptability is an important limitation in the elderly.

Objective

To evaluate the practicability of compression stockings in elderly patients.

Methods

Twenty women aged 68–85 years without major disability were asked to put on, wear for three hours and take off Solegg® and Solegg® Fine compressive stockings (15–20 mmHg) in random order on different days, and to rate through questionnaires the difficulties and discomfort they experienced in comparison with their usual non-compressive stockings (controls).

Results

Foot and heel insertions of the compression stockings, as well as their removal, were found significantly more difficult, whereas comfort when they were on was higher. In the whole, the compression stockings were found to be more agreeable than the controls.

Conclusion

Difficulties regarding putting on and removal of the compression stockings remain significant but are counterbalanced by a better comfort when they are on.
Expressions for two generalized Furdui series
Authors: Coffey Mark W.
Published: January 2011

We solve two problems of analysis and special function theory recently posed by Furdui. The series in question are special cases in our solution.
Facilitating Student Occupational Therapists' Mastery of Occupation-Centred Approaches for Working with Children
Authors: Copley Jodie A. , Rodger Sylvia A. , Graham Fiona P. , Hannay Victoria A.
Published: January 2011

Background. Student occupational therapists experience particular challenges in the learning and practicing of occupation-centred practice (OCP) techniques with children. Purpose. This study aimed to identify factors that facilitate mastery of OCP from both students' and practice educators' perspectives. Methods. Nine student occupational therapists and two practice educators participated in three interviews at intervals across the students' fieldwork experiences. Observation and document review assisted data triangulation. Findings. Students experienced distinct turning points in their understanding and use of OCP after encountering challenges and then experiencing success. Factors that assisted students' mastery of OCP included modelling and practice opportunities; individualised, performance-specific debriefing; specific learning and teaching styles; and structured learning tools for observation and reporting. Implications. Key quality teaching and learning practices can be used by practice educators and universities to promote mastery of OCP approaches. Further opportunities for practice and guided reflection on OCP are needed.
Pancreatic Cancer Gene Therapy: From Molecular Targets to Delivery Systems
Authors: Fillat Cristina , Jose Anabel , Bofill-De Ros Xavier , Mato-Berciano Ana , Maliandi Maria Victoria , Sobrevals Luciano
Published: January 2011

The continuous identification of molecular changes deregulating critical pathways in pancreatic tumor cells provides us with a large number of novel candidates to engineer gene-targeted approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment. Targets—both protein coding and non-coding—are being exploited in gene therapy to influence the deregulated pathways to facilitate cytotoxicity, enhance the immune response or sensitize to current treatments. Delivery vehicles based on viral or non-viral systems as well as cellular vectors with tumor homing characteristics are a critical part of the design of gene therapy strategies. The different behavior of tumoral versus non-tumoral cells inspires vector engineering with the generation of tumor selective products that can prevent potential toxic-associated effects. In the current review, a detailed analysis of the different targets, the delivery vectors, the preclinical approaches and a descriptive update on the conducted clinical trials are presented. Moreover, future possibilities in pancreatic cancer treatment by gene therapy strategies are discussed.
Higher-Level Targets for Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity Should Focus on Regional Capacity for Effective Trade-Offs
Authors: Faith Daniel P.
Published: January 2011

The Convention on Biological Diversity has adopted 20 targets as part of its new Strategic Plan. Perrings et al. have proposed that such targets should focus solely on critical ecosystem services. Such a strategy may neglect the need to conserve overall biodiversity and corresponding option values. It also may neglect the important role of ecosystem services in systematic conservation planning strategies that seek effective regional trade-offs and synergies among different needs of society. Parties to the Convention have an opportunity to address not only conventional lists of individual targets for ecosystem services and overall biodiversity, but also higher-level targets that focus directly on how well the country achieves—and maintains its capacity to achieve—effective trade-offs among different needs of society.
Herbaceous Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) as an Alternative Source of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Zhang Ying , Sheng Yanle , Zhao Daqiu , Lv Sansan , Hu Yue , Tao Jun
Published: January 2011

Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) have been proven to possess many biological activities, and much attention is focused on the search for plants which are rich in OA and UA. In this report, the OA and UA accumulation characteristics were investigated in 47 cultivars of Chinese herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) and were followed in three cultivars over different developmental stages as measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). OA and UA levels in leaves and stems demonstrated an overall upward trend from May 1 to September 15 except for UA in the leaves of “Hong Feng”. The maximum values of OA and UA in leaves of “Yangfei Chu Yu”, “Fen Zhu Pan” and “Hong Feng” were 852.98, 575.60, 290.48 μg/g FW and 924.94, 827.36, 432.67 μg/g FW, respectively. The maximum values of OA and UA in stems of “Yangfei Chu Yu”, “Fen Zhu Pan” and “Hong Feng” were 359.28, 90.49, 43.90 μg/g FW and 326.86, 82.25, 56.63 μg/g FW, respectively. OA and UA contents in leaves of 47 different herbaceous peony cultivars ranged from 66.73–618.12 and 36.23–665.14 μg/g FW, respectively, with average values of 171.62 and 227.57 μg/g FW, respectively. The results suggested that the aboveground parts of herbaceous peony may be used as an alternative source of OA and UA for medicinal purposes in addition to its ornamental purposes.
A Simple Strategy to Mitigate the Aliasing Effect in X-band Marine Radar Data: Numerical Results for a 2D Case
Authors: Serafino Francesco , Lugni Claudio , Nieto Borge Josè Carlos , Soldovieri Francesco
Published: January 2011

For moderate and high speed values of the sea surface current, an aliasing phenomenon, due to an under-sampling in the time-domain, can strongly affect the reconstruction of the sea surface elevation derived from X-band radar images. Here, we propose a de-aliasing strategy that exploits the physical information provided by the dispersion law for gravity waves. In particular, we utilize simplifying hypotheses and numerical tests with synthetic data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Fragment d'un praktikon de la région d'Athènes (avant 1204)
Authors: Granstrem Eugénie , Medvedev Igor , Papachryssanthou Denise
Published: January 2011

REB 34 1976 France p. 5-44+4 pi.

Eugénie Granstrem, I. Medvedev et Denise Papachryssanthou, Fragment d'un praktikon de la région d'Athènes (avant 1204) . — Ce fragment est contenu dans deux folios de manuscrit utilisés comme reliure et classés comme manuscrit n° 122 à la Bibliothèque Publique de Leningrad. L'édition diplomatique de ce texte, assez abîmé par endroits, est accompagnée d'une étude du contenu (liste de biens avec des tableaux, liste de parèques) et d'une étude des lieux et des personnes, avec un index. Sans atteindre les proportions du cadastre de Thèbes, ce nouveau document apporte de précieux renseignements pour la topographie d'Athènes et de ses environs avant l'occupation franque.
Sainte-Sophie de Thessalonique d'après un rituel
Authors: Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 34 1976 France p. 45-78

J. Darrouzes, Sainte-Sophie de Thessalonique d'après un rituel. — Dans un rituel des encensements, Syméon de Thessalonique († 1429) établit une comparaison entre les rites de Constantinople et de Thessalonique. La description des mouvements du célébrant dans le narthex et toute l'église, des défilés du clergé pour les entrées et de son placement autour de la stalle épiscopale fournit des indications importantes sur diverses parties de l'édifice : l'ambon, le siège episcopal, les portes, etc. Le texte tiré de l'Atheniensis BN 2047 est édité, traduit et accompagné d'un commentaire, où sont relevés les points les plus intéressants pour l'archéologie.
Note sur une église inédite de Cappadoce
Authors: Jolivet Catherine
Published: January 2011

REB 34 1976 France p. 333

Catherine Jolivet, Note sur une église inédite de Cappadoce. — Cette note concerne une église située près d'Ürgüp ; l'auteur en donne une description sommaire, en annonçant une étude plus détaillée, et hésite sur la datation des peintures (période pré-iconoclaste ou IXe-Xe s.).
Deux actes inédits concernant l'Épire. La métropole de Janina et l'évêché de Bouthrôtou-et-Glykéos
Authors: Asdracha Catherine
Published: January 2011

REB 35 1977 France p. 159-174

Catherine Asdracha, Deux actes inédits concernant l'Epire. — Le registre synodal (Vindob. hist. gr. 47) contient deux actes inédits des années 1336-1337 qui apportent quelques renseignements nouveaux sur les relations du patriarcat avec la région de l'Acarnanie (évêché de Bothronte) et la métropole de Janina. L'acte concernant Janina, quoique mutilé, atteste un essai d'organisation de la métropole, en novembre 1337, par l'empereur Andronic m et le patriarche Jean Kalékas. L'auteur donne l'édition, la traduction et un commentaire des deux actes de Jean Kalékas. Ce commentaire étudie principalement la question controversée de la date de fondation de la métropole de Janina que les actes officiels situent en 1318.
Biens monastiques d'après un registre ottoman de Trébizonde (1487). Monastères de la Chrysoképhalos et du Pharos
Authors: Beldiceanu Nicoară
Published: January 2011

REB 35 1977 France p. 175-213

N. Beldiceanu, Biens monastiques d'après un registre ottoman de Trébizonde (1487). — Le registre ottoman de la région de Trébizonde désigné par le sigle MM 828 date de l'année 1487. Un second registre TT 52, datant des années 1515-1516, sous le règne de Sélim Ier, confirme les indications du registre précédent, tout en montrant par quelques variantes que les deux dépendent du registre antérieur de Mehmet II. Le registre MM 828 a l'avantage d'indiquer le possesseur ancien des biens transformés en réserve timariale ; parmi les possesseurs se distinguent les deux monastères byzantins bien connus : le Pantocrator du Pharos et la Panagia Chrysoképhalos. Le registre donne la répartition par localités des vignes et des oliveraies, leur production et la valeur en aspres. L'analyse de ces données et la comparaison des registres donnent une idée de l'accaparement progressif des revenus de la production au profit des timariotes, successeurs des propriétaires byzantins.
Die Schlacht von Myriokephalon (1176). Auswirkungen auf das byzantinische Reich im ausgehenden 12. Jahrhundert
Authors: Lilie Ralph-Johannes
Published: January 2011

REB 35 1977 France p. 257-275

R.-J. Lilie, Die Schlacht von Myriokephalon (1176). — Entgegen der allgemeinen Auffassung ist die Schlacht von Myriokephalon nicht mitentscheiden für den Niedergang des byzantinischen Reiches im ausgehenden 12. Jahrhundert gewesen. Die vorhandenen Quellenaussagen über die Schlacht selbst sind widersprüchlich und lassen keine genauen Folgerungen zu. Auch die Ereignisse der folgenden Jahre sind nicht mit der militärischen Niederlage von Myriokephalon in Verbindung zu bringen. Ursachen für den byzantinischen Machtabfall sind vielmehr die Aushöhlung des byzantinischen Wirtschaftssystems durch die Konkurrenz der italienischen Seestädte, die zunehmenden Feudalisierungsten-denzen und Spannungen innerhalb des Staates und die Schwäche der Zentralregierung in Konstantinopel nach dem Tode Manuels, Faktoren, auf die Myriokephalon wenig oder keinen Einfluß hatte.
Some additions and corrections to the list of Byzantine churches and monasteries in Thessalonica
Authors: Magdalino Paul , Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 35 1977 France p. 277-285

P. Magdalino, Some additions and corrections to the list of Byzantine churches and monasteries in Thessalonica. — The author presents evidence for five religious institutions in late Byzantine Thessalonica not listed by R. Janin (Les églises et les monastères des grands centres byzantins, Paris 1975) and data affecting the identification of two other monasteries. Two documents are published in an appendix. Attention is drawn to the existence of an artist, Michael Proeleusis, who must have been active in Macedonia at the beginning of the fourteenth century.
Quatre procès de mystiques à Byzance (vers 960-1143). Inspiration et autorité
Authors: Gouillard Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 36 1978 France p. 5-81

J. Gouillard, Quatre procès de mystiques à Byzance (vers 960-1143). — L'auteur analyse les actions synodales connues intentées à des mystiques aux 10e-12e siècles. Il incline à penser que les doctrines et conduites condamnées illustrent un courant dans lequel s'inscrivent, pour les thèmes essentiels, Syméon le Nouveau Théologien et le corpus du Pseudo-Macaire. Il écarte l'interprétation bogomilisante qui leur est parfois appliquée. Enfin, il ne lui semble pas que ces manifestations d'inspirés aient jamais constitué un danger pour l'Eglise officielle. L'étude est suivie des pièces justificatives, actes de synode ou formule d'abjuration.
La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. Contribution à la prosopographie des Grands Comnènes
Authors: Kuršanskis Michel
Published: January 2011

REB 37 1979 France p. 239-247

M. Kuršanskis, La descendance d'Alexis IV, empereur de Trébizonde. — L'auteur étudie les relations des Grands Comnènes entre eux au 15e siècle et cherche à démontrer que l'empereur Alexis IV ne laissa pas huit enfants, comme le veut une certaine tradition, mais cinq seulement. En outre, l'auteur examine les rapports de Jean IV avec ses frères et cherche à déterminer l'ascendance d'Alexis V. Ce dernier devait être le fils d'Alexandre-Skantarios, et non de Jean IV.
Notes inédites de transferts épiscopaux
Authors: Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 157-170

J. Darrouzes, Notes inédites de transferts épiscopaux. — A la fin d'un opuscule banal, le Bodleianus Roe 18 contient en supplément quelques notes concernant les sièges de Nyssa, Arkadioupolis, Argos et Pyrgion, leur promotion sous Isaac II et la rétrogradation de Pyrgion sous Théodore Ier Laskaris, d'Argos sous Alexis III ; ces notes apportent quelques renseignements inédits très utiles pour la critique de la notice des métropoles de la fin du 12e siècle.
Notice arménienne sur les dignités de l'Église
Authors: Outtier Bernard , Darrouzès Jean
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 201-210

B. Outtier et J. Darrouzès, Notice arménienne sur les dignités de l'Église. — Cette notice, éditée par F. N. Finck en 1903, était passée à peu près inaperçue jusqu'ici ; elle est l'œuvre, ou une traduction du grec, de Nersès de Lampron († 1198). On trouvera ici une traduction de l'arménien de B. Outtier, et, faute du texte grec inconnu, un commentaire qui relève le classement des offices (offikia grecs), leur ordre et les nouveautés de cette liste.
A propos d'un document de Kastamonitou et d'une lettre patriarcale inconnue de 1411
Authors: Nasturel Pierre
Published: January 2011

REB 40 1982 France p. 211-214

P. Nasturel, A propos d'un document de Kastamonitou et d'une lettre patriarcale inconnue de 1411. — D'après ces documents, le prince de Valachie Mircea l'Ancien (1386-1418) aura donné deux de ses filles en mariage au grand celnik serbe Radio et au sultan Mousa, pour resserrer par là l'alliance roumano-serbo-ottomane contre Soliman Ier, soutenu par Byzance.
Un acte du patriarche Antoine IV en version slave
Authors: Sorlin Irène
Published: January 2011

REB 43 1985 France p. 253-258

Irène Sorlin, "Un acte du patriarche Antoine IV en version slave". — Présentation et traduction du texte slave, qui est le seul connu, de l'acte daté de septembre 1389 et renouvelant la condamnation du métropolite Poimèn prononcée par le patriarche Nil.
What to Do with the New Year?
Authors: Fawcett Jan
Published: January 2011

This January 2011 edition of Psychiatric Annals features a useful comprehensive review of treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), guest edited by Robert L. Hendren, DO.
Achieving Highly Efficient Fluorescent Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Through Optimizing Molecular Structures and Device Configuration
Authors: Zhen Chang‐Gua , Dai Yan‐Feng , Zeng Wen‐Jin , Ma Zhun , Chen Zhi‐Kuan , Kieffer John
Published: January 2011

Based on the results of first‐principles calculations of the electronic properties of blue light‐emitting materials, the molecular structures of oligofluorenes are optimized by incorporating electron‐withdrawing groups into the molecules to balance hole and electron injection and transport for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The result is a remarkable improvement in the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the undoped device from 2.0% to 4.99%. Further optimization of the device configurations and processing procedures, e.g., by changing the thickness of the emitting layer and through thermal annealing treatments, leads to a very high maximum EQE of 7.40% for the undoped sky‐blue device. Finally, by doping the emitter in a suitable host material, 4,4’‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl (CBP), at the optimal concentration of 6%, pure blue emission with extremely high maximum EQE of 9.40% and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.147, 0.139) is achieved.
Three‐dimensional CFD‐PBM coupled model of the temperature fields in fluidized‐bed polymerization reactors
Authors: Chen Xi‐Zhong , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Yan Wei‐Cheng , Lu Ying‐Hua , Ng I‐Son
Published: January 2011

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) computational fluid dynamics model, coupled with population balance (CFD‐PBM), was developed to describe the gas–solid two‐phase flow in fluidized‐bed polymerization reactors. The model considered the Eulerian–Eulerian two‐fluid model, the kinetic theory of granular flow, the population balance, and heat exchange equations. First, the model was validated by comparing simulation results with the classical calculated data. The entire temperature fields in the reactor were also obtained numerically. Furthermore, two case studies, involving constant solid particle size and constant polymerization heat or evolving particle‐size distribution, polymerization kinetics, and polymerization heat, were designed to identify the model. The results showed that the calculated results in the second case were in good agreement with the reality. Finally, the model of the second case was used to investigate the influences of operational conditions on the temperature field. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
A variable‐structure gradient RBF network with its application to predictive ship motion control
Authors: Yin Jian‐Chuan , Wang Li‐Dong , Wang Ni‐Ni
Published: January 2011

The prediction of dynamic behavior of the nonlinear time‐varying process plays an important role in predictive control applications. Although neural network algorithms have been intensively researched in modeling and controlling nonlinear systems in recent years, most of them mainly focused on the static dynamics. In this paper, a variable‐structure gradient radial basis function (RBF) network is implemented for nonlinear real‐time model predictive control, which is achieved by the proposed gradient orthogonal model selection (GOMS) algorithm. By learning the gradient message of real‐time updated data in a sling window, the structure and the connecting parameters of the network can be adaptively adjusted to adapt to the time‐varying dynamics. The proposed algorithm is evaluated with Mackey‐Glass chaotic time series prediction. Moreover, the variable structure network achieved by GOMS algorithm is applied as a multi‐step predictor in a ship course‐tracking control study, results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed GOMS algorithm and the variable‐RBF‐network based predictive control strategy.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Systematic review and meta-analysis of sentinel node biopsy in thyroid cancer
Authors: Balasubramanian S P , Harrison B J
Published: January 2011

Background

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is employed as standard treatment in some solid organ cancers to assess lymph node spread and enable targeted treatment. Several studies have investigated the role of SNB in thyroid cancer. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of SNB in the management of thyroid cancer.

Methods

A systematic search was performed in the PubMed database to identify all original articles on the role of SNB in thyroid cancer. Data on methodologies used, short-term outcomes and adverse effects were summarized, and used to address relevant clinical questions related to the application of the SNB technique in thyroid cancer.

Results

Twenty-four studies were included. The overall sentinel node (SN) detection rates for the blue dye, radioisotope and combined techniques were 83·7, 98·4 and 96 per cent respectively. A positive SN was seen in 42·9 per cent of patients with papillary thyroid cancer with an identified SN. The overall false-negative rates for the blue dye, radioisotope and combined techniques were 7·7, 16 and 0 per cent respectively. A negative frozen-section examination of the SN was unreliable in 12·0 per cent of patients. Immunohistochemical assessment of the SN showed evidence of nodal metastases in an additional 15 per cent of patients (7 of 47 sentinel nodes).

Conclusion

SNB in thyroid cancer is a promising technique that has the potential to avoid prophylactic lymph node surgery in up to 57 per cent of patients with clinically node-negative thyroid cancer.
Phase 1 trial of concurrent erlotinib, celecoxib, and reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: Kao Johnny , Genden Eric M. , Chen Chien‐Ting , Rivera Michael , Tong Charles C. L. , Misiukiewicz Kryztof , Gupta Vishal , Gurudutt Vivek , Teng Marita , Packer Stuart H.
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

Concurrent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is an active and well tolerated regimen in recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC). In the current phase 1 trial, the authors sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of concurrent erlotinib and celecoxib as a radiosensitizing regimen.

METHODS:

Fourteen patients with previously irradiated HNC with no distant metastases who required reirradiation were eligible. Treatment consisted of daily erlotinib 150 mg and twice daily celecoxib (escalated from 200 mg to 600 mg using a 3 + 3 design with an expanded cohort at the MTD) starting on Day 1 and was continued during radiation. Daily radiation was started on Day 15, and maintenance erlotinib was recommended.

RESULTS:

The recommended phase 2 dose of celecoxib was 400 mg. Three dose‐limiting toxicities included late in‐field orocutaneous fistula (Dose Level 2), osteonecrosis (Dose Level 3), and trismus (Dose Level 3). Acute grade ≥3 toxicities were uncommon and included mucositis (21%) and dermatitis (14%). At a median follow‐up of 11 months, the 1‐year locoregional control, progression‐free survival, and overall survival rates were 60%, 37%, and 55%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Concurrent erlotinib, celecoxib, and reirradiation was a feasible and clinically active regimen in a population of patients with recurrent HNC who had a poor prognosis. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Early microglia activation in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma
Authors: Bosco Alejandra , Steele Michael R. , Vetter Monica L.
Published: January 2011

Changes in microglial cell activation and distribution are associated with neuronal decline in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly under pathological conditions. Activated microglia converge on the initial site of axonal degeneration in human glaucoma, yet their part in its pathophysiology remains unresolved. To begin with, it is unknown whether microglia activation precedes or is a late consequence of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurodegeneration. Here we address this critical element in DBA/2J (D2) mice, an established model of chronic inherited glaucoma, using as a control the congenic substrain DBA/2J Gpnmb+/SjJ (D2G), which is not affected by glaucoma. We analyzed the spatial distribution and timecourse of microglial changes in the retina, as well as within the proximal optic nerve prior to and throughout ages when neurodegeneration has been reported. Exclusively in D2 mice, we detected early microglia clustering in the inner central retina and unmyelinated optic nerve regions, with microglia activation peaking by 3 months of age. Between 5 and 8 months of age, activated microglia persisted and concentrated in the optic disc, but also localized to the retinal periphery. Collectively, our findings suggest microglia activation is an early alteration in the retina and optic nerve in D2 glaucoma, potentially contributing to disease onset or progression. Ultimately, detection of microglial activation may have value in early disease diagnosis, while modulation of microglial responses may alter disease progression. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:599–620, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase and morphology evolution of vaterite crystals in water/ethanol binary solvent
Authors: Jin Dalai , Wang Fei , Yue Linhai
Published: January 2011

Keeping stability is important for metastable vaterite to be applied. In this work, crystal evolution of vaterite in water/ethanol binary solvent (WEBS) was investigated. Phase identification was confirmed by XRD measurement. It is found that the stability of vaterite is sensitive to the concentration of surplus CO32‐ and the ethanol mole fraction in WEBS. The vaterite phase would transform to either aragonite or calcite decided by the surplus CO32‐ ions or Ca2+ ions, respectively. SEM observation shows that the polymorph evolution also induced the morphology change. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of lithium carbonate hollow spheres by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Sun Yuzhu , Song Xingfu , Wang Jin , Yu Jianguo
Published: January 2011

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) hollow spheres were prepared by spray pyrolysis of lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO3) in this research. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis and BET surface area measurement. The XRD figure of the product is nearly the same as the standard pattern, indicating the product achieved by spray pyrolysis has pure Li2CO3 crystalline phase. The SEM images show the self‐assembly hollow spheres are composed of about 200 nm primary particles. While the CSD analysis shows the macro‐volume mean crystal size ranges 4‐9 μm depending on the experimental conditions. The BET surface area of the product reaches 7.24 m2/g, which is much higher than the best value reported in the literature. The product prepared in this work has great potential application prospect in the lithium‐battery industry. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organic‐organic heteroepitaxy: facts, concepts and perspectives
Authors: Moret M. , Borghesi A. , Campione M. , Fumagalli E. , Raimondo L. , Sassella A.
Published: January 2011

Organic‐organic heteroepitaxy can represent the winning technique for growing crystalline and oriented heterostructures of organic semiconductors. However, a sound physical interpretation of mechanisms that control epitaxy is still missing for these low symmetry molecular systems, generally not obeying the usual lattice matching rules for inorganic systems. We discuss here a couple of paradigmatic examples of organic‐organic heteroepitaxy suggesting a possible physical rationale for the formation of the heterostructure interfaces as it arises from experimental characterization and computer modeling with atom‐atom potential simulations. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ephrin reverse signaling controls palate fusion via a PI3 kinase‐dependent mechanism
Authors: San Miguel Symone , Serrano Maria J. , Sachar Ashneet , Henkemeyer Mark , Svoboda Kathy K. H. , Benson M. Douglas
Published: January 2011

Secondary palate fusion requires adhesion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the epithelial layers on opposing palatal shelves. This EMT requires transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3), and its failure results in cleft palate. Ephrins, and their receptors, the Ephs, are responsible for migration, adhesion, and midline closure events throughout development. Ephrins can also act as signal‐transducing receptors in these processes, with the Ephs serving as ligands (termed “reverse” signaling). We found that activation of ephrin reverse signaling in chicken palates induced fusion in the absence of TGFβ3, and that PI3K inhibition abrogated this effect. Further, blockage of reverse signaling inhibited TGFβ3‐induced fusion in the chicken and natural fusion in the mouse. Thus, ephrin reverse signaling is necessary and sufficient to induce palate fusion independent of TGFβ3. These data describe both a novel role for ephrins in palate morphogenesis, and a previously unknown mechanism of ephrin signaling. Developmental Dynamics 240:357–364, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell polarity and spindle orientation in the distal epithelium of embryonic lung
Authors: El‐Hashash Ahmed H. , Warburton David
Published: January 2011

A proper balance between self‐renewal and differentiation of lung‐specific progenitors at the distal epithelial tips is absolutely required for normal lung morphogenesis. Cell polarity and mitotic spindle orientation play a critical role in the self‐renewal/differentiation of epithelial cells and can impact normal physiological processes, including epithelial tissue branching and differentiation. Therefore, understanding the behavior of lung distal epithelial progenitors could identify innovative solutions to restoring normal lung morphogenesis. Yet little is known about cell polarity, spindle orientation, and segregation of cell fate determinant in the embryonic lung epithelium, which contains progenitor cells. Herein, we provide the first evidence that embryonic lung distal epithelium is polarized and highly mitotic with characteristic perpendicular cell divisions. Consistent with these findings, mInsc, LGN, and NuMA polarity proteins, which control spindle orientation, are asymmetrically localized in mitotic distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs. Furthermore, the cell fate determinant Numb is asymmetrically distributed at the apical side of distal epithelial progenitors and segregated to one daughter cell in most mitotic cells. These findings provide evidence for polarity in distal epithelial progenitors of embryonic lungs and provide a framework for future translationally oriented studies in this area. Developmental Dynamics 240:441–445, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.