bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
一位33週孕婦以突發性頭痛為表現，併發產後HELLP症候群
Authors: 李庭溱 李庭溱 , Ting-Chen Li 周靜玉 , Ching-Yu Chou 何渼樺 , Mei-Hua Ho 曾英智
Published: February 2022

臨床上，妊娠期高血壓併頭痛是產科常見的問題之一，但若演變成子癇前症（Preeclampsia）、子癇症（Eclampsia）及HELLP症候群（HELLP syndrome）包括溶血（Hemolysis, H）、肝酵素升高（Elevated Liver enzymes, EL）和低血小板計數（Low Platelet count, LP），對孕婦及胎兒的影響則非常巨大。本案例是一位31歲妊娠約33+2週的女性個案，因突發性頭痛、腹痛合併少量陰道出血求治，被診斷為子癇前症，隨後併發胎盤早期剝離造成胎兒窘迫，須立即終止妊娠，經緊急剖腹順利產下一名女嬰，隔日追蹤全血球計數，顯示血小板突降，進而追蹤生化血檢查，發現肝功能惡化，所幸經支持療法，血壓控制得宜、肝指數下降及血小板回復正常，病況穩定順利出院。HELLP症候群是子癇前症的併發症大多發生於妊娠期，致死率高，文獻上指出極少數於產後發生，身為臨床第一線的我們，即使個案產後也應該要提高警覺，嚴密的監控血壓與症狀，快速診斷，早期介入治療，並排除其他內科原因，以保護母體安全。

 

Clinically, gestational hypertension complicated by headaches is common in Obstetrics. However, it may cause severe impacts on pregnant women and fetuses if it evolves into preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome that characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count. The case in this study is a thirty-one-year-old pregnant woman with 33+2 weeks of gestation, who was diagnosed with preeclampsia due to a sudden headache, abdominal pain and a small amount of vaginal bleeding. Subsequent abruptio placenta led to fetal distress so her pregnancy was terminated.A baby girl was successfully delivered by emergency caesarean section. The next day, the complete blood count showed a sudden drop in platelets. A biochemical blood test found that liver function deteriorated. After supportive therapy, blood pressure was well-controlled, liver index decreased and platelets level returned to normal. Eventually the patient recovered and discharged. HELLP syndrome is a complication of preeclampsia that mostly occurs during pregnancy and has a high fatality rate.Postpartum HELLP syndrome is rare. Frontline medical staff should be vigilant even in postpartum period. By close monitoring of blood pressure and related symptoms, early diagnosis and treatment could be prescribed to protect the mother’s safety.

 
Papà, mi leggi?
Authors: Lubbock Annina , Volta Alessandro
Published: February 2022

As elsewhere, in Italy girls read more than boys, and mothers read more to their children than fathers, despite growing evidence on the impact of fathers’ reading on children’s linguistic, cognitive and relational skills, as well as on fathers themselves for parent-child bonding, and to enhance fathers’ empathy and emotional self-awareness. There is also evidence that both fathers and mothers may spend more time reading to girls than to boys who can be more restive physically and less attentive. Reading tends to be viewed as a feminine domain. The authors recommend promoting reading by fathers, as well as mothers, for the father-child relationship, increasing fathers’ self confidence in their parenting skills, and for the child’s cognitive and psycho-social development. Overcoming the stereotype that reading is mainly a female activity and promoting caring masculinities that help to prevent domestic violence are also important.
Evaluation of Titratable Acidity and pH Level of Different Coffee Drinks- An In-vitro Study
Authors: Basheer Bahija , Albaqami Nouf Nasser , Almogble Eman Abdullah , Alsaqabi Dimah Khalid , S Alkhneen Shaza Mohammad , Alenazi Atheer Suleman , Ghilan Maryam Al , Alangari Sarah S , Ali Rizwan
Published: February 2022

Aim: This in-vitro study aims to assess the acidity of coffee drinks with different combinations and evaluate their pH level in relation to the critical pH of dental enamel (5.5) and dentin (6.7). Methodology: All beverages (black coffee, black coffee with milk, Arabic coffee, and Turkish coffee) were mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions with deionized water and cooled down to room temperature (25ºC). The pH of the solutions was compared with that of the control groups, i.e., 0.3% citric acid and distilled water as positive and negative controls, respectively, at 10mins, 30mins, 1hr, and 2hrs. (0.1N) NaOH solution was introduced to the tested solutions to reach a pH of 8 to evaluate the titratable acidity. Results: Instant black coffee was found to be the most acidic with a pH value of (5.13 ± 0.02), whereas instant black coffee with milk was the least acidic with a pH of (6.20 ± 0.01). Instant black coffee with milk was found to have the highest concentration of titratability with a value of (16.2 ± 0.1) mL of (0.1 N) NaOH, to reach a pH of 8. Conclusion: This in-vitro study showed that the tested solutions can reach the critical pH that can cause enamel and dentin erosion. Also, the data showed little correlation between the pH and titratable acidity titrated to a pH value of 8. MeSH Keywords: Dental erosion, pH level, titratable acidity, enamel, dentin, teeth, coffee.
Knowledge Level of Diabetic Patients about Diabetic Foot Risk Factors
Authors: Musaddiq Muhammad , Parveen Rashida , Zaib Mohammad , Khan Asmat Ullah , Mahmood Arshad , Jaffar Ghulam
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing. Currently their global prevalence is 4.95% and estimated to be 5.4% in 2025. Diabetic foot is a horrible disability that may lead to extended periods of hospitalization and insurmountable, growing costs, as well as the dreaded ultimate consequence of an amputated leg. Objective: To determine the knowledge level of diabetic patients about diabetic foot risk factors Methodology: This study was descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at the Medicine department of Hayatabad medical complex Peshawar from May 2021 to November 2021. A total of 325 patients were observed to determine the knowledge level of diabetic patients about diabetic foot risk factors. SPSS version 18 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Totally 325 patients were included in this study. Amongst 325 patients, good, average and poor knowledge was observed in 152(46.8%), 28(8.6%) and 145(44.6%) patients respectively. Based on Risk factors, diabetic foot amputation were observed in 88(27.1%) patients, diabetic neuropathy in 26(8.0%), foot deformities in 105(32.3%), peripheral vascular disease in 32(9.8%), cigarette smoking was observed in 38(11.7%) and poor glycemic control was observed in 36(11.1%) participants. Conclusion: Our study concludes that 46.8% of the diabetic patients have good level of knowledge about diabetic foot. Their attitude was also good in their management and care. But, there is still need of to aware diabetic patients about diabetic foot and its complication. Key words: Knowledge level, diabetic patients, Diabetic foot risk factors
Frequency of Complications by Serum Sodium Level among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad , Khan Abdul Waris , Umar Muhammad , Shah Naimat Ullah , Khan Muhammad Ibrahim , Saeed Khalid
Published: February 2022

Background: Cirrhosis is a life-threatening and incurable condition. It is a leading cause of death and disease all over the globe. Fluctuations in blood sodium levels are a common consequence of advanced cirrhosis Objective: To determine frequency of complications by serum sodium level among patients with liver cirrhosis. Methodology: This descriptive Cross sectional study was carried out at the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from Mar 1, 2021 to Aug 31, 2021. The severity of cirrhosis was measured using Child-Pugh Scores for all patients after a thorough history and examination. Blood samples from all patients were obtained under stringent aseptic conditions and sent to the hospital laboratory. The level of sodium in the serum was tested under the observation of a pathologist having more than 10 years of pathology experience. Results: In our study, amongst 210 subjects, 125 (59.52%) were males whereas 85(40.48%) were females. The spontaneous bacterial peritonitis among liver cirrhosis was observed in 42(20%) patients and Encephalopathy was observed in 48(22.9%) cases. Conclusion: Low levels of sodium in serum are a prevalent trait in individuals with cirrhosis, according to the findings of this research. Serum sodium concentrations ˂130 meq/l is associated with an increased risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients. Keywords: Serum sodium, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Chronic Wasting Disease: Questions and Answers
Authors: Martin Patrick , Beyer Robert
Published: February 2022

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a transmissible disease known to affect certain species of deer and elk. Clinical signs include long– term weight loss, behavioral changes, and neurological signs. The disease can be transmitted by both direct and indirect contact between an infected animal and a susceptible animal. The agent of infection is a prion, an abnormally folded protein that causes abnormal folding in host proteins. Prions are nearly indestructible, being impervious to heat, cold, desiccation, and disinfectants. Other prion–associated diseases include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) and, in humans, Cruetzfeld–Jakob Disease (CJD).
Presenting Successful Wildlife Education Programs— The Message
Authors: Lord Jeannie
Published: February 2022

The development of a successful formal wildlife educational outreach program is contingent on many factors. As important as punctuality, dress, preparation, and educational aides are to the totality of a wildlife educational outreach program, it is the message communicated that is the breadth and soul of the program.
Entre Escila y Caribdis: reflexiones en torno a las políticas de aseguramiento de la calidad universitaria en Chile y Perú
Authors: Ahumada Bastidas Víctor Raúl
Published: February 2022

El quehacer educativo está sujeto a un constante proceso adaptativo al entorno social, político y económico. Y en ese devenir evolutivo, en las últimas décadas, la universidad ha transitado por dos caminos antagónicos: la desregulación y privatización, por un lado, y, en la vereda de enfrente, el control y supervisión Estatal, con consecuencias totalmente disímiles cada una. Por tal razón, desde una aproximación conceptual-contextual, el presente trabajo busca analizar las semejanzas y diferencias en las políticas de aseguramiento de la calidad universitaria en Chile y Perú; haciendo especial énfasis en la situación del alumnado.
intervención profesional comunitaria para la inclusión educativa en el nivel universitario: una experiencia extensionista y formativa de cinco universidades de América Latina
Authors: Mórtola Gustavo , Fernández Ameghino Mariano
Published: February 2022

El presente ensayo tiene por finalidad la reflexión en torno a un proyecto de investigación-acción que cuenta entre sus objetivos centrales la formación de profesionales para brindarles saberes, habilidades y disposiciones vinculados con la intervención en sus comunidades para favorecer la inclusión educativa en el nivel superior. Se intentará en tal sentido responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué implica una acción denominada “intervención profesional”? ¿Cómo pueden intervenir profesionales diversos que aspiran a mejorar las condiciones comunitarias de acceso a la educación? ¿Cómo intervienen las universidades en los territorios y comunidades sobre los que ejercen algún tipo de influencia directa?
Integrasi Kecerdasan Holistik RASULULLAH SAW Untuk Generasi Muda Berkarakter di Pendidikan Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Farida Siti , Jamilah Fitrotin , Khotib Ahmad , Joni Joni
Published: February 2022

ABSTRAKIntegrasi adalah penggabungan suatu hal agar menjadi satu kesatuan yang utuh dalam satu tujuan. Pada Globalisasi saat ini, pengembangan teknologi dan era revolusi industry 4.0, sebuah era baru yang menekankan pada pola digital economy,artificial intelligence (kecerdasan buatan), big data, robotic. Dimana era 4.0 merupakan fenomena disruptive innovation. Istilah disruptive innovation dicetuskan pertama kali oleh Clayton M. Christensen dan Joseph Bower; inovasi yang membantu menciptakan pasar baru yang mengubah konsep pekerjaan, struktur pekerjaan, dan kompetensi yang dibutuhkan dunia pekerjaan. Era revolusi industri 4.0 juga mengubah cara pandang tentang pendidikan. Perubahan yang dilakukan tidak hanya sekedar cara mengajar, tetapi jauh lebih esensial, yakni perubahan cara pandang terhadap konsep pendidikan itu sendiri. Pendidikan karakter bukan hal yang baru di Indonesia. Tokoh-tokoh pendidik Indonesia prakemerdekaan, seperti Kartini, Ki Hajar Dewantara, Soekarno Hatta, Moh Natsir sudah memulai apa yang dinamakan pendidikan karakter sebagai semangat pembentukan kepribadian dan identitas bangsa sesuai konteks dan situasi yang terjadi saat itu. Membangun dan mencetak karakter merupakan keprihatinan pokok para tokoh tersebut. Mereka menggagas sebuah bangsa yang memiliki sebuah identitas tersendiri. Ide dan gagasan itu mulai dari hasil pengembaraan dan perantauan mental para pemikir dan cendikiawan. Dari ide dan gagasan itu, muncullah semangat karakter kebangsaan yang harus diperjuangkan dengan perjuangan tanpa akhir sehingga muncullah Negara Indonesia saat ini. Ki Hajar Dewantara misalnya, telah mengajarkan pendidikan karakter melalui praktekpendidikan yang mengusung kompetensi alam murid, bukan dengan perintah paksaan, tetapi dengan tuntunan. Cara mendidik seperti ini lebih dikenal dengan pendekatan among, yang lebih menyentuh pada tataran etika dan perilaku yang tidak terlepas dengan karakter seseorang. Membangun karakter dan watak bangsa melalui pendidikan, mutlak dibutuhkan. Mulai diri sendiri, lingkungan rumah, sekolah, dan masyarakat dengan meneladani para tokoh tersebut.
Pengaruh Motivasi Instrinsik dan Motivasi Ekstrinsik Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Denpasar
Authors: Kurniawati Kurniawati , Mansur Ely , Adhenin Jannatun
Published: February 2022

Masalah yang pertama apakah ada pengaruh motivasi intrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, yang kedua apakah ada pengaruh motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan yang ketiga apakah ada pengaruh motivasi instrisik dan motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Denpasar. Berdasarkan rumusan masalah diatas, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah yang pertama untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi instrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi instrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif, teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah dengan metode sensus. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah yang pertama motivasi instrinsik berpengaruh cukup positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, yang kedua motivasi ekstrinsik berpengaruh positif sangat rendah dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan yang ketiga motivasi instrinsik dan ekstrinsik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan di Bank Muamalat Indonesia Cabang Denpasar. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini motivasi instrinsik dan motivasi ekstrinsik dapat menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja karyawan khususnya di Bank Muamalat indonesia Cabang Denpasar.
An Importance-Performance analysis of tourist satisfaction at destination level: evidence from Campania (Italy)
Authors: Nisco Alessandro , Riviezzo Angelo , Napolitano Maria
Published: February 2022

In this paper we use the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) scheme in order to analyze tourist satisfaction in a holiday destination. Arising from service and tourism marketing literatures, the study selects a set of components of the tourism experience that are willing to affect satisfaction. The IPA scheme is applied though a survey conducted on a sample of 1.936 national and international tourists intercepted at the end of their journey in the region of Campania (Italy). Although the IPA scheme has been used in past research in the tourism field, only a few studies have applied this tool from a destination perspective. Based on the results, the paper concludes with discussion of implications for both practitioners and academics.
Examining experience economy approaches to tourists’ anticipated experiences: Mainland Chinese travellers consider Australia
Authors: Osmond Amy , Chen Tingzhen , Pearce Philip
Published: February 2022

The present study seeks to explore and compare the perceived importance of Pine and Gilmore’s experience realms and Schmitt’s categorisations of experience in a tourism context. These approaches to experiences are chosen because they are widely cited, yet rarely compared. The empirical component of the work is based on Chinese tourists who were asked to anticipate their experiences in Australia. Would be travellers in the regions of Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing, accessed through an extensive snowball sampling procedure, responded to a detailed and literature-informed set of activity and experience items in a questionnaire format. The study provided evidence that the systems can be seen as joint contributors to understanding experience; the Pine and Gilmore work offers a more holistic appraisal and the Schmitt system presents a more fine-grained rendition of the desired experiences. Aesthetic and sensory experiences were shown to be of the highest importance. Experience analysis offers insights and the approach in the study develops a pathway to pursue empirical studies so that researchers can provide benefits for marketers in tourism.
Perceived impact of tourism by the resident population in Torrevieja: national versus non-national residents
Authors: Hernández Fernando , Mercader Sara
Published: February 2022

The perception of the impact of tourism on the resident population is the key to the tourist industry. The tourist development of the Mediterranean coast has led to a population explosion where the largest figures are of non-national origin, which have become the majority, ahead of the Spanish population. Nationality in the perception of the host population has been overlooked, but this is an important factor in Torrevieja (Spain), where more than 50% of the host population is non-national. Our finding confirms that these two host groups, national and non-national, have different perceptions of the impact of tourism in the area.
Classification of hotel performance measurement indicators presented in international scientific research
Authors: Pnevmatikoudi Kyriaki , Stavrinoudis Theodoros
Published: February 2022

The present manuscript studies and classifies the different performance variables and measures of hotels, recorded in international scientific journals. Through the Content Analysis of 79 scientific papers, this manuscript reaches a main conclusion regarding hotel performance indicators measurement. Although researchers have acknowledged that the concept of hotel performance is complex and manifold (and as such it is depicted and assessed with various and diverse indicators and groups of indicators in international scientific literature), still the majority of them measure hotel performance in a way that does not express its multidimensional nature in their studies as they focus on a relatively small number of the above indicators. This paper mainly contributes to further classifying hotel performance indicators and introduces a novel codification that allows researchers to better understand indicators and hotel executives to use them more effectively.
Combining Tourism Economic Account and Tourism Employment Module for a best measurement of tourism at a sub-national level
Authors: Jean-Pierre Philippe , Perrain David
Published: February 2022

For more than 15 years, the World tourism organization and other major multilateral organizations have worked on the development of reliable tools for assessing tourism related to others economic activities in a country: the tourism satellite account. Its implementation at a sub-national level is a challenging endeavour and requires going beyond this framework. A regional tourism economic account is a good answer to the demand for regional tourism economic data and to highlight the problematic of employment with a tourism employment module. This combination sheds a new light on the role of tourism in creating, preserving and diversifying jobs in the economy. We developed a regional tourism economic account (RTEA), based on the supply-side, in order to take advantage of the existence a system of regional accounts and to respond to the lack of domestic tourism data. All these developments have been applied in a French overseas region, Reunion Island. The results show their feasibility. The others ultra-peripheral regions of European Union, others European islands and more generally small island tourism economies can benefit from this experience, (i.e. all regions in which a system of regional account has been implented).
Multinational corporations, co-evolution, and sustainable tourism in Africa
Authors: García-Cabrera Antonia , Suárez-Ortega Sonia , Durán-Herrera Juan
Published: February 2022

Co-evolution as an approach to tourism sustainability has been under-researched in the tourism literature, which has mainly focused on the more natural evolutionary principles. Relevant questions about the co-evolutionary process remain understudied, especially in the case of multinational companies (MNCs) involved in tourism that coevolve with local authorities in developing African countries. This paper delves into the co-evolutionary process in order to identify the main challenges and key factors that condition the reciprocal interactions that give rise to co-evolution between local authorities and foreign MNCs in Africa. We apply a qualitative methodology based on a single and in-depth case study to examine the relationship between a Spanish hotel chain and local authorities in an African country. We find that a co-evolutionary approach based on cooperative interactions between tourism MNCs and local authorities may contribute towards guaranteeing sustainable tourism. Our findings also show how differences in negotiating methods can be one of the strongest challenges that co-evolution faces in Africa. Also, as co-evolution is a time-consuming and complex process in these countries, some qualities of the actors involved such as learning capabilities, patience and readiness to deal with unforeseen conditions are of high relevance for the successful culmination of the process.
Tourist loyalty toward shopping destination: the role of shopping satisfaction and destination image
Authors: Suhartanto Dwi , Ruhadi  , Triyuni Ni
Published: February 2022

This study extends the theoretical concepts and evaluates the empirical evidence of the relationship between tourist loyalty towards a shopping destination and its two important determinant factors, shopping satisfaction and destination image. The results, drawn from a sample of 563 domestic and foreign tourists in Indonesia, show the importance of tourist shopping satisfaction and destination image as the determinant of tourist loyalty toward a shopping destination. Further, this study discloses that the tourist destination image is the crucial factor in determining tourists’ overall shopping satisfaction as well as tourists’ loyalty toward the shopping destination. Consequently, the development of a region or a city into a shopping destination is only possible if it simultaneously develops the region or city to be an attractive destination.
Segmenting protected area visitors by activities: A case study in Paklenica National Park, Croatia
Authors: Barić Demir , Anić Petra , Bedoya Ana
Published: February 2022

To date, a variety of market segmentation approaches have been employed to identify homogenous visitor segments in wilderness and protected area settings. This study focuses on activity-based segmentation of specific subgroups of visitors, specifically visitors of Paklenica National Park, Croatia. Data were randomly collected from visitors by means of self-administered questionnaires using a face-to-face approach (n=352). Hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis enabled the identification of two distinct and managerially relevant segments: Activists and Passivists. The segments were characterised by the perceived importance of desired benefits, travel behaviour, environmental commitment and socio-demographic characteristics. The study findings revealed significant segment differences in terms of the perceived importance of desired benefits, travel behaviour and environmental commitment. Yet, for each segment, inter-correlations between the desired benefit dimensions were examined. Here, the results indicated that each segment was more likely to perceive desired benefits through the wider prism of their positive mutual relationships than by considering them to be a self-determining unit. Socio-demographic descriptors exhibited a weak role in segment characterisation. The study findings might directly assist Park managers to develop more effective visitor management strategies and to enhance marketing strategies in general. Specific practical implications of the study findings are also discussed.
Mean-variance-skewness in destination efficiency framework: The case of France
Authors: Andriamasy Louisa , Rakotondramaro Hanitra
Published: February 2022

Number of overnight stays is an important variable in the context of tourism destination competitiveness. Recently, researchers suggested the mean-variance approach as a tool to measure the efficiency of this variable. However, this methodology is inadequate if the variable does not follow a normal distribution or if the decision-makers do not have a quadratic utility function. Thus, higher moments, such as skewness or/and kurtosis should be taking into consideration. The paper introduces the portfolio theory with skewness as an efficiency measure of the number of international overnight stays in France from 2002 to 2012. First, we show that this variable is not normally distributed. Then, we use a non-parametric approach based on the Mean-Variance-Skewness (MVS) introduced by Briec et al. (2007) to measure the performance of four different regional origins of international tourists staying in France. Finally, we demonstrate that the decision-makers should take the high-return/ low-risk option with a high-skewness.
Understanding of sustainable tourism among Russian tourism managers
Authors: Kask Sergey , Kull Tiiu , Orru Kati
Published: February 2022

An examination of the understanding of sustainable tourism among Russian tourism managers (RTM) offers insights into methods for designing acceptable sustainable tourism development strategies. Documentary analysis of tourism legislation revealed inconsistency in policies at both local and federal levels while five semi-structured interviews with RTMs revealed low levels of awareness of key aspects of sustainable tourism concepts. Delphi consensus search disclosed RTMs’ associations of sustainable tourism such as nature travel, green tourism, ecological and outdoor, sports and friendly tourism. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of sustainable tourism by RTMs requires raising their awareness on the subject through training and facilitation in the elaboration of sustainable tourism strategies.
Connections between scientific research and education in the field of tourism and leisure in the Czech Republic
Authors: Studnička Petr , Plzáková Lucie
Published: February 2022

This article provides insight into the development of tourism research and education in the period 1993–2015 in the Czech Republic. Tourism research and education have a strong tradition dating back to the 1950s, to the time of the former Czechoslovakia. Changes in the political and economic situation in 1989 marked the beginning of a new stage in tourism development. The initial phase was characterized by poorly completed projects and fragmented, uncoordinated approaches to rapidly growing incoming tourism. Currently, research on tourism has been dealt with by the national tourism office, the Czech Tourist Authority – CzechTourism. It was here that the Institute of Tourism was established. Public and private universities operating in the Czech Republic are also significant initiators of support for tourism research at the national and international level. The Society of Scientific Experts on Tourism was founded in 2009 as a platform for tourism research.
The Development of Winter Sports Tourism in Romania – A Historical Approach
Authors: Cernaianu Sorina , Sobry Claude
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to present a historical approach of Romanian winter sports tourism focused on the importance and the future-oriented development of the skiing activity and ski resorts, having as landmarks: the end of the 19th century, the beginning of the communist regime (1948) and the fall of the communism (the Revolution of 1989). Based on a bibliographic documentation and statistical data, the study underlines mainly the development particularities of winter sports tourism for each period of time. Winter sports have been practiced in Romania since the end of 19th century. Many sports associations and clubs from different regions of the country having as objective to promote winter sports appeared at that time. During the communist period ski areas were not a priority. A series of investments was made in order to increase the accommodation capacity. The intense political, social and economic transformation experienced by Romania during the first years following the Revolution of 1989 led to a lower demand of tourism services which affected the development of winter tourism. Romania does huge efforts to develop the ski activity which will positively influence the evolution of winter sports tourism.
The relation between sport and tourism at the beginning of tourism development – the case of Croatia
Authors: Admin Admin , Kranjčević Jasenka
Published: February 2022

This paper aims at contributing to the discussion whether functional relationships existed between tourism and sport in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea in the late 19th and early 20th century as they do today and whether they were interconnected. After the introduction, the paper describes tourism opportunities of the time and draws conclusions based on the research on built sports architecture, sports disciplines, sports associations and sports events that were linked to tourism. In addition to contributing to the knowledge of the history of functional relationships between sport and tourism, the paper raises the question of how much the relationship between tourism and sport has changed in the last hundred years. The research contributes to a better knowledge of sport tourism history, sport tourism heritage and sport as a tourist attraction.
The roles of subjective vitality, involvement, experience quality, and satisfaction in tourists’ behavioral intentions
Authors: Altunel Mustafa , Koçak Ömer
Published: February 2022

This study provides and tests a model that examines the relationship between behavioral intentions and involvement, experience quality, satisfaction, and, as a personal resource, subjective vitality. Specifically, the study focuses on subjective vitality. Analyzing surveyed data from 408 cultural tourists, the results indicate that subjective vitality and involvement are the antecedents of experience quality. Given the results, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Using quality function deployment for environmentally sustainable hotels: a combined analysis of customer and manager point of view
Authors: Pakdil Fatma , Kurtulmuşoğlu Feride
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to integrate customers’ and managers’ environmental priorities into service delivery design processes. The main research question in this study is to determine the most significant environmental priorities of customers and managers at hotels. To achieve this aim, Quality Function Deployment is implemented as a tool, combining customer expectations and environmental strategies in service design activities. Customers and managers collectively focus to increase environmental sustainability in hotels in several areas such as the presence of the hotel not causing any harm to the environment, the compliance of hotel with surrounding nature, the presence of automatic electricity control, and the effective use of energy and water lavatories containing automatic water saving systems. The primary design characteristics that meet customer expectations and improve environmental sustainability at hotels are the economic use of electricity, water saving systems, use of natural materials, and adequacy of systems not harming environment and human.
Social Trust Based Semantic Tourism Recommender System: A Case of Medical Tourism in Tunisia
Authors: Frikha Mohamed , Mhiri Mohamed , Gargouri Faiez
Published: February 2022

Based on the assumption that users generally have a tendency to use items recommended by friends rather than strangers and that trust among friends positively correlates with user preference, we decided to refer to research conducted on the emerging field of trust-based recommender system. We propose to integrate the temporal factor in measuring trust between social network friends. A Trusted Friend’s calculation method is developed for determining social trusted friends in Facebook. We have, accordingly, demonstrated the importance of the interactions’ time between users. Afterwards, we have used this method in a semantic tourism recommender system as a smart e-tourism tool able to recommend items based on the users’ preferences and their trusted friends’ preferences. We have also applied our tourism recommender system for the case of medical tourism in Tunisia to help users interested in traveling to Tunisia for medical purposes. Finally, we have implemented the system and collected feedback from real users to evaluate the quality of recommendation and prove its importance in improving the medical tourism domain.
Souvenir shopping satisfaction: antecedents and consequences
Authors: Castellanos-Verdugo Mario , Oviedo-Garcia Maria , Vega-Vázquez Manuela
Published: February 2022

Souvenirs function as mementos and are palpable evidence of a journey. The souvenir is certainly a key element of the destination experience of tourists. In this study, we analyze shopping value as an antecedent of tourist souvenir-shopping satisfaction, the consequences of which are positive word of mouth and overall tourist satisfaction. Using Partial Least Squares, a variance-based structural equation modeling technique for data analysis, we arrive at results that show a positive and significant relationship between tourist souvenir shopping satisfaction and both positive word of mouth and overall tourist satisfaction. Moreover, the results also suggest that it is shopping value above all through its hedonic dimension that heightens tourist shopping satisfaction. The study provides useful insights into business strategy for souvenir retailers and its results may serve to guide the tourism planning and promotion activities of destination marketing organizations.
European Castles through Japanese Eyes and Minds
Authors: Yagi Chiemi , Pearce Philip
Published: February 2022

European castles are important and common components in the tour itineraries of Japanese tourists. There is, however, limited understanding of the way Japanese tourists view these heritage sites. The first aim of the study is to document the Japanese tourists’ views. Secondly, the researchers seek to explain the Japanese perspectives, while the third aim attempts to draw out the implications of the findings for our conceptual understanding of key, largely western-derived, perspectives on authenticity. Three representative European castles were selected as case study sites. Japanese remarks on TripAdvisor were collected as rich sources of data. The text-mining software Leximancer was used to analyse the broad themes. Manual content analysis was then employed for identifying the unique Japanese views. The interpretation of the Japanese perspectives was built on an understanding of the cultural capital they bring to the site - especially the legacy of anime (the Japanese entertainment format), natsukashii (nostalgia), meisho (famous places), mujou (the beauty of the transitory), and “power spots”. The study identified the value of internationalising the concepts of authenticity. Practical implications for marketing European castles to the Japanese are noted.
Frequency domain causality analysis of tourism and economic activity in Turkey
Authors: Gül Hasan , Özer Mustafa
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the dynamic relationships between real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real exchange rate (RER) and real tourism income (TOTREC) in Turkey over the period from 2003: Q1 to 2014: Q4 by using frequency domain causality approach developed by Breitung and Candelon (2006). Our findings reveal that real GDP Granger causes real tourism income both in the short-and long-run, while real tourism income only Granger causes real GDP in the short run. Moreover, there is no Granger causality neither between real tourism income and real exchange rate nor between real GDP and real exchange rate. These findings support Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) only in the short-run. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and implement appropriate tourism policies so that the sector’s contribution to economic growth can be extended to long-run.
Correlation between tourists’ perceptions/evaluations of destination attributes and their overall satisfactions: Observations of a meta-analysis
Authors: Nghiêm-Phú Bình
Published: February 2022

This study examined the correlation between tourists’ perception/evaluation of destination attributes and their overall satisfaction. Using the data gathered from 34 previous studies and applying the metaanalysis method, this study found that destination image, destination quality, and destination attribute satisfaction have significant positive effects on the tourists’ overall satisfaction, whether the latter variable is singly or multiply scaled; all the overall estimates have small to medium sizes. However, three issues should be taken into account when interpreting this correlation. First, not all of the components of the attribute-based constructs (destination image, destination quality, destination attribute satisfaction) can have significant effects on the overall tourist satisfaction. Second, the unfavourable attributes of a destination may have some negative influences on tourist satisfaction. Third, the attribute-based constructs represent the external/common antecedents of overall tourist satisfactions; their predicting power may be eliminated when controlled by other internal/personal forces, such as personal values. Implications for future research and destination attributes management are discussed based on these observations.
The impact of values on sustainable behaviour – A study among Russian and Finnish university students
Authors: Komppula Raija , Honkanen Antti , Rossi Sanna , Kolesnikova Natalia
Published: February 2022

Schwartz’s (1992, 1994) classification of human values is applied when comparing a group of Finnish and Russian university students in terms of their environmentally and socially benign orientation, which is measured by including all three dimensions of sustainability in the measures of consumers’ self-reported travelling preferences. A total of 872 responses were included in the data, which were analyzed by using K-mean cluster analysis and a principal component analysis (PCA). Differences between Finnish and Russian students were compared using independent samples t-test with equal variances assumed. The respondents divided evenly into two clusters, which could be named according to Schwarz as Self-Enhancers and Self-Transcenders. The majority of Finnish respondents (67%) were Self-Transcenders, and among Russian students the majority were Self-Enhancers (84%). The findings indicate that among the Russian students the concept of sustainability is understood as an ecological question, but for Finns, it is a comprehensive concept covering ecological, economic and social aspects. In the Finnish sample the value based groups seemed to explain the sustainability concerns, but in the Russian sample, the value based group explained only the attitude towards ecological sustainability.
Exploring resident awareness of cultural tourism and its impact on quality of life
Authors: Cecil Amanda , Fu Yao-Yi , Wang Suosheng , Avgoustis Sotiris
Published: February 2022

Indianapolis has dedicated considerable public investment and focused public policy efforts on the development of cultural tourism during the past several years. A city- wide cultural tourism initiative in 2002 set sights on positioning Indianapolis as a premier cultural tourism destination. The initiative’s two objectives were to improve the quality of life for Indianapolis residents and to enhance the visitors’ experience by showcasing the city’s cultural amenities and attributes. The goal of this study was to chronicle the impact of the initiative over a period of two years. In 2004, a baseline index was reported that determined the relationship between the level of resident awareness of the initiative and their quality of life rating. The same instrument, based on a three-dimensional model developed by Raphael, Steinmetz, and Renwick (1998), was again administered in 2006 to determine changes in the residents’ awareness of the initiative and their quality of life score.
Stakeholders’ perspectives toward a community-based rural tourism development
Authors: Kayat Kalsom
Published: February 2022

A study guided by stakeholder, social exchange and power theories was carried out to investigate the level of stakeholders’ interests in and their concerns towards Kampung Pelegong Homestay (KPH) Programme. Using a case study approach, the study examines the views of stakeholders in 2005 on the development of KPH Programme and explores the extent to which the conception of stakeholder and the notion of social exchange and power theory provide a satisfactory understanding of a specific case of stakeholder analysis. The study finds that the stakeholders’ interest in the development of the homestay may be explained by any and the combination of the three components: their power, or their lack of power, to affect the program, their dependency on the program, and the stakes they have on the development. The stakeholders will have interests in the programme development when they are affected by the programme or when they have the ability to affect the programme.
Park visitors vs beach tourists a comparative study in an italian coastal region
Authors: Bimonte Salvatore
Published: February 2022

This study investigates and discusses the controversial question of whether nature- based tourists (NBTs) are more sensitive to socio-cultural and environmental resources, have different attitudes toward local products and more positive economic effects on host communities and destinations than beach tourists (BTs). In order to test these aspects, a simultaneous comparative analysis of these two types of tourist based on an a priori and activity-based segmentation was carried out. Data was collected by questionnaire at two sites in the Maremma (a costal area in southern Tuscany, Italy), each specific to the type of tourist investigated. In line with the findings of other studies, the results confirm that NBTs are older, more educated, more affluent, and more often employed in professional occupations than BTs. They also confirm the hypothesis that NBTs are more sensitive to environmental quality and have a more positive socio-economic impact. This study likewise highlights the strong role played by psychographic information in explaining tourist behavior. Three innovative findings concerning the relationship between income, education, personal commitment to the environment and tourist type are discussed at the end.
European tourism indicator system for sustainable destination management in county Donegal, Ireland
Authors: McLoughlin Emmet , Hanrahan James , Duddy Ann , Duffy Séan
Published: February 2022

Tourism is one of Ireland's most important economic sectors. In 2017, the overall visits to the country have increased by over 10%. However, such growth if not managed correctly can present many challenges to destinations, particularly along Irelands 2500km driving route, the Wild Atlantic Way (WAW). This paper reports on the application of the European Tourism Indicator System for sustainable destination management in County Donegal, Ireland. While significant data was generated on tourism activity at local level, results do suggest that a number of the indicators would need further research going forward. This evidence informed approach to tourism planning can assist Local Authorities in future planning considerations, while also helping to protect the long-term sustainability of the tourism product in County Donegal.
Study abroad: the influence of city and university attractiveness factors
Authors: Moreira Liliana , Gomes Rui
Published: February 2022

This article aims to analyse the motivational factors, which influence students to study abroad, taking as a case study the student flows directed to the University of Coimbra in Portugal and the University of Groningen in Netherlands. The theoretical framework is complemented by a push-pull factors model of both cities and universities. The paper uses a quantitative approach based in a questionnaire survey of a sample of 507 students. The motives for studying abroad are different according to University and type of student registration. There are no significant differences between attractiveness factors of the two cities but there are significant differences when the global indexes of attractiveness of the universities are compared. This data provides empirical evidence that can be used by higher education institutions, local and central governments in the development of educational and touristic strategies.
Benchmarking service delivery for sports tourism and events: Lessons for Gorski Kotar, Croatia from Pokljuka, Slovenia
Authors: Wise Nicholas , Perić Marko , Ðurkin Jelena
Published: February 2022

Benchmarking is essential for developing destinations to improve and develop their service delivery. Croatia is a well-established summer tourism destination, but more remote (inland) destinations seek to increase their competitiveness to help sustain Croatian tourism year-round—to diversify tourism offerings beyond the (more traditional) sea and sun opportunities. Expanding Croatia’s tourism offer will require additional investments, not only in coastal destinations but in rural continental areas as well. Looking at how more established rural and winter destinations are planned and managed, this paper seeks to discuss how Croatia can learn from its neighbour Slovenia which has well-established winter sports destinations (in rural areas). This is where a benchmarking approach, building on a comparative analysis conducted through fieldwork research contributes new insight. Research was conducted in both Pokljuka (Slovenia) and Gorski kotar (Croatia) between 2015 and 2017. Three different procedures were used to collect data: (1) documental research of the destinations, facilities and events, (2) on site visits involving qualitative interviews and conversations with key stakeholders and (3) direct observation of the destination while attending events. Three emergent themes best reflected the analysed insights from the data collection: infrastructure, business operations and community involvement/stakeholder participation. To assess different points of service offering and delivery, discussions in Pokljuka were framed around sports tourism opportunities and their established business models to understand planning, management, organisation and service delivery. These same three points are then discussed as opportunities for Gorski kotar. To reiterate the benchmarking focus, first research must present a comparative analysis and then put emphasis on planning and managing service delivery to help highlight how insight from a well-established destination informs emerging destinations with tourism potential.