bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis enzymes in diverse and abundant microorganisms
Authors: Wang Jinyan , Curson Andrew R. J. , Zhou Shun , Carrión Ornella , Liu Ji , Vieira Ana R. , Walsham Keanu S. , Monaco Serena , Li Chun-Yang , Dong Qing-Yu , Wang Yu , Rivera Peter Paolo L. , Wang Xiao-Di , Zhang Min , Hanwell Libby , Wallace Matthew , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Leão Pedro N. , Lea-Smith David J. , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Todd Jonathan D.
Published: June 2024

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant marine organosulfur compound with roles in stress protection, chemotaxis, nutrient and sulfur cycling and climate regulation. Here we report the discovery of a bifunctional DMSP biosynthesis enzyme, DsyGD, in the transamination pathway of the rhizobacterium Gynuella sunshinyii and some filamentous cyanobacteria not previously known to produce DMSP. DsyGD produces DMSP through its N-terminal DsyG methylthiohydroxybutyrate S-methyltransferase and C-terminal DsyD dimethylsulfoniohydroxybutyrate decarboxylase domains. Phylogenetically distinct DsyG-like proteins, termed DSYE, with methylthiohydroxybutyrate S-methyltransferase activity were found in diverse and environmentally abundant algae, comprising a mix of low, high and previously unknown DMSP producers. Algae containing DSYE, particularly bloom-forming Pelagophyceae species, were globally more abundant DMSP producers than those with previously described DMSP synthesis genes. This work greatly increases the number and diversity of predicted DMSP-producing organisms and highlights the importance of Pelagophyceae and other DSYE-containing algae in global DMSP production and sulfur cycling.
A multi-objective optimisation approach with improved pareto-optimal solutions to enhance economic and environmental dispatch in power systems
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Ilyas Khan , Rahman Izaz Ur , Zakarya Muhammad , Zia Ashraf , Khan Ayaz Ali , Qazani Mohammad Reza Chalak , Al-Bahri Mahmood , Haleem Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This work implements the recently developednth state Markovian jumping particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm with local search (NS-MJPSOloc) awareness method to address the economic/environmental dispatch (EED) problem. The proposed approach, known as the Non-dominated Sorting Multi-objective PSO with Local Best (NS-MJPSOloc), aims to enhance the performance of the PSO algorithm in multi-objective optimisation problems. This is achieved by redefining the concept of best local candidates within the search space of multi-objective optimisation. The NS-MJPSOlocalgorithm uses an evolutionary factor-based mechanism to identify the optimum compromise solution, a Markov chain state jumping technique to control the Pareto-optimal set size, and a neighbourhood’s topology (such as a ring or a star) to determine its size. Economic dispatch refers to the systematic allocation of available power resources in order to fulfill all relevant limitations and effectively meet the demand for electricity at the lowest possible operating cost. As a result of heightened public consciousness regarding environmental pollution and the implementation of clean air amendments, nations worldwide have compelled utilities to adapt their operational practises in order to comply with environmental regulations. The (NS-MJPSOloc) approach has been utilised for resolving the EED problem, including cost and emission objectives that are not commensurable. The findings illustrate the efficacy of the suggested (NS-MJPSOloc) approach in producing a collection of Pareto-optimal solutions that are evenly dispersed within a single iteration. The comparison of several approaches reveals the higher performance of the suggested (NS-MJPSOloc) in terms of the diversity of the Pareto-optimal solutions achieved. In addition, a measure of solution quality based on Pareto optimality has been incorporated. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed (NS-MJPSOloc) approach in addressing the multi-objective EED issue and generating a trade-off solution that is both optimal and of high quality. We observed that our approach can reduce$$\sim $$∼6.4% of fuel costs and$$\sim $$∼9.1% of computational time in comparison to the classical PSO technique. Furthermore, our method can reduce$$\sim $$∼9.4% of the emissions measured in tons per hour as compared to the PSO approach.
Impact of unmet health-related need on suicidal behavior in Korean adults: a retrospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Huh Youn , Huh Ju Young , Jeon Yerim , Lee Jun Hyung
Published: June 2024

We aimed to evaluate the association of unmet health-related need with suicidal behaviors among Korean adults. We included 26,219 adults (13,937 men and 17,788 women) aged ≥ 19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2020). Suicidal behavior included suicidal plan and attempt. We analyzed the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of suicidal behaviors according to unmet health-related need via multivariable logistic regression analysis and performed stratified analyses according to sex, age, income, education, and type of insurance. Of the participants, 9.6% had unmet health-related need. Suicidal plans and attempts had 1.3% and 0.5% of the participants, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal plans and attempts was 0.9% and 0.4% among participants without unmet health-related need and 3.1% and 1.0% among those with such need, respectively. The odd ratios of suicidal plans and attempts increased significantly among participants with unmet health-related need compared to those without. In subgroup analysis, most subgroups showed similar results, except for suicidal plan and attempt in the 45–64 age group, high education, and medical care and suicidal attempt in 19–44 age group, low-income, and unmarried. Unmet health-related need was independently associated with suicidal plan and attempt. A policy alternative is needed for these associations.
Assessment of drinking water quality using Water Quality Index and synthetic pollution index in urban areas of mega city Lahore: a GIS-based approach
Authors: Latif Maria , Nasir Nimra , Nawaz Rab , Nasim Iqra , Sultan Khawar , Irshad Muhammad Atif , Irfan Ali , Dawoud Turki M. , Younous Youssouf Ali , Ahmed Zulkifl , Bourhia Mohammed
Published: June 2024

The aim of the present study was to assess the drinking water quality in the selected urban areas of Lahore and to comprehend the public health status by addressing the basic drinking water quality parameters. Total 50 tap water samples were collected from groundwater in the two selected areas of district Lahore i.e., Gulshan-e-Ravi (site 1) and Samanabad (site 2). Water samples were analyzed in the laboratory to elucidate physico-chemical parameters including pH, turbidity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness, magnesium hardness, and calcium hardness. These physico-chemical parameters were used to examine the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) in order to characterize the water quality. Results of th selected physico-chemical parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to determine the quality of drinking water. A GIS-based approach was used for mapping water quality, WQI, and SPI. Results of the present study revealed that the average value of temperature, pH, and DO of both study sites were within the WHO guidelines of 23.5 °C, 7.7, and 6.9 mg/L, respectively. The TDS level of site 1 was 192.56 mg/L (within WHO guidelines) and whereas, in site 2 it was found 612.84 mg/L (higher than WHO guidelines), respectively. Calcium hardness of site 1 and site 2 was observed within the range from 25.04 to 65.732 mg/L but, magnesium hardness values were higher than WHO guidelines. The major reason for poor water quality is old, worn-out water supply pipelines and improper waste disposal in the selected areas. The average WQI was found as 59.66 for site 1 and 77.30 for site 2. Results showed that the quality of the water was classified as “poor” for site 1 and “very poor “ for site 2. There is a need to address the problem of poor water quality and also raise the public awareness about the quality of drinking water and its associated health impacts.
Construction of a nomogram for predicting HNSCC distant metastasis and identification of EIF5A as a hub gene
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Ying , Chen Sheng , Yang Yan , Sun Guowen , Pan Peng
Published: June 2024

Patients with distant metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often have a poor prognosis. However, early diagnosis of distant metastasis is challenging in clinical practice, and distant metastasis is often only detected in the late stages of tumor metastasis through imaging techniques. In this study, we utilized data from HNSCC patients collected from the TCGA database. Patients were divided into distant metastasis and nonmetastasis groups based on the tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stage. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes between the two groups (DM/non-M DEGs) and their associated lncRNAs and generated a predictive model based on 23 lncRNAs that were significantly associated with the occurrence of distant metastasis in HNSCC patients. On this basis, we built a nomogram to predict the distant metastasis of HNSCC patients. Moreover, through WGCNA and Cytoscape software analysis of DM/non-M DEGs, we identified the gene most closely related to HNSCC distant metastasis: EIF5A. Our findings were validated using GEO data; EIF5A expression was significantly increased in the tumor tissues of HNSCC patients with distant metastasis. We then predicted miRNAs that can directly bind to EIF5A via the TargetScan and miRWalk websites, intersected them with differentially expressed miRNAs in the two groups from the TCGA cohort, and identified the only overlapping miRNA, miR-424; we predicted the direct binding site of EIF5A and miR-424 via the miRWalk website. Immunohistochemistry further revealed high expression of EIF5A in the primary tumor tissue of HNSCC patients with distant metastasis. These results provide a new perspective for the early diagnosis of distant metastasis in HNSCC patients and the study of the mechanisms underlying HNSCC distant metastasis.
Beehive scale-free emergent dynamics
Authors: Shpurov Ivan , Froese Tom , Chialvo Dante R.
Published: June 2024

It has been repeatedly reported that the collective dynamics of social insects exhibit universal emergent properties similar to other complex systems. In this note, we study a previously published data set in which the positions of thousands of honeybees in a hive are individually tracked over multiple days. The results show that the hive dynamics exhibit long-range spatial and temporal correlations in the occupancy density fluctuations, despite the characteristic short-range bees’ mutual interactions. The variations in the occupancy unveil a non-monotonic function between density and bees’ flow, reminiscent of the car traffic dynamic near a jamming transition at which the system performance is optimized to achieve the highest possible throughput. Overall, these results suggest that the beehive collective dynamics are self-adjusted towards a point near its optimal density.
Altered salivary microbiota associated with high-sugar beverage consumption
Authors: Fan Xiaozhou , Monson Kelsey R. , Peters Brandilyn A. , Whittington Jennifer M. , Um Caroline Y. , Oberstein Paul E. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , Ahn Jiyoung , Hayes Richard B.
Published: June 2024

The human oral microbiome may alter oral and systemic disease risk. Consuming high sugar content beverages (HSB) can lead to caries development by altering the microbial composition in dental plaque, but little is known regarding HSB-specific oral microbial alterations. Therefore, we conducted a large, population-based study to examine associations of HSB intake with oral microbiome diversity and composition. Using mouthwash samples of 989 individuals in two nationwide U.S. cohorts, bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. HSB intake was quantified from food frequency questionnaires as low (< 1 serving/week), medium (1–3 servings/week), or high (> 3 servings/week). We assessed overall bacterial diversity and presence of specific taxa with respect to HSB intake in each cohort separately and combined in a meta-analysis. Consistently in the two cohorts, we found lower species richness in high HSB consumers (> 3 cans/week) (p = 0.027), and that overall bacterial community profiles differed from those of non-consumers (PERMANOVA p = 0.040). Specifically, presence of a network of commensal bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Alloprevotella rava) was less common in high compared to non-consumers, as were other species including Campylobacter showae, Prevotella oulorum, and Mycoplasma faucium. Presence of acidogenic bacteria Bifodobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus was more common in high consumers. Abundance of Fusobacteriales and its genus Leptotrichia, Lachnoanaerobaculum sp., and Campylobacter were lower with higher HSB consumption, and their abundances were correlated. No significant interaction was found for these associations with diabetic status or with microbial markers for caries (S. mutans) and periodontitis (P. gingivalis). Our results suggest that soft drink intake may alter the salivary microbiota, with consistent results across two independent cohorts. The observed perturbations of overrepresented acidogenic bacteria and underrepresented commensal bacteria in high HSB consumers may have implications for oral and systemic disease risk.
Psychometric assessment of the 10-item Thai version of the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised for Adolescents (ECR-R-10-AD)
Authors: Wongpakaran Tinakon , DeMaranville Justin , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Wedding Danny
Published: June 2024

The 18-item version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-revised (ECR-R-18) is a valid and reliable scale used among Thai adolescents. However, it revealed problematic items that impacted the scale’s internal consistency. The study aimed to achieve two objectives: (1) develop a new, shorter scale by retaining only highly loaded items equally between attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, and (2) evaluate the psychometric properties of the shorter ECR-R version compared to the existing 18-item scale. Objective 1 was achieved through Study 1, involving 204 youths aged 16–18 years (64% female). All participants completed the 18-item ECR-R, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify suitable items for the new ECR-R-AD. Objective 2 was fulfilled in Study 2, which included a total of 443 students in grades aged 15–18 years old (88% female) from Thai boarding schools in Northern Thailand. All participants completed both the 18-item ECR-R, and confirmatory factor analysis of both the existing 18-item and the new shorter scale was performed and compared. Additional measures including the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Perceived Stress Scale-10, and Relationship Questionnaire were completed alongside the ECR-R to assess convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. The invariance test for the new ECR-R across genders was conducted using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. For objective 1, Study 1 developed a new scale called "ECR-R-10-AD" with 10 items, comprising 5 for attachment anxiety and 5 for attachment avoidance. The McDonald’s omega values were 0.866 for avoidance and 0.823 for anxiety subscales. The corrected correlation between the ECR-R-18 and ECR-R-10-AD was significant. For objective 2, Study 2 found that the first-order two-factor solution model fit the data best for the ECR-R-10-AD. Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity with other measurements and invariance tests based on sex were established for the ECR-R-AD. The ECR-R-10-AD provided sufficient psychometric properties among Thai adolescents. Factorial validity, convergent validity, and measurement invariance were established. As the ECR-R-10-AD is brief, it can be administered with less burden. Limitations and future research were discussed.
Bronze age Northern Eurasian genetics in the context of development of metallurgy and Siberian ancestry
Authors: Childebayeva Ainash , Fricke Fabian , Rohrlach Adam Benjamin , Huang Lei , Schiffels Stephan , Vesakoski Outi , Mannermaa Kristiina , Semerau Lena , Aron Franziska , Solodovnikov Konstantin , Rykun Marina , Moiseyev Vyacheslav , Khartanovich Valery , Kovtun Igor , Krause Johannes , Kuzminykh Sergey , Haak Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

The Eurasian Bronze Age (BA) has been described as a period of substantial human migrations, the emergence of pastoralism, horse domestication, and development of metallurgy. This study focuses on two north Eurasian sites sharing Siberian genetic ancestry. One of the sites, Rostovka, is associated with the Seima-Turbino (ST) phenomenon (~2200-1900 BCE) that is characterized by elaborate metallurgical objects found throughout Northern Eurasia. The genetic profiles of Rostovka individuals vary widely along the forest-tundra Siberian genetic cline represented by many modern Uralic-speaking populations, and the genetic heterogeneity observed is consistent with the current understanding of the ST being a transcultural phenomenon. Individuals from the second site, Bolshoy Oleni Ostrov in Kola, in comparison form a tighter cluster on the Siberian ancestry cline. We further explore this Siberian ancestry profile and assess the role of the ST phenomenon and other contemporaneous BA cultures in the spread of Uralic languages and Siberian ancestry.
Activation of the cell wall integrity pathway negatively regulates TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling through blocking eisosome disassembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Nomura Wataru , Inoue Yoshiharu
Published: June 2024

The target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2) signaling is associated with plasma membrane (PM) integrity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling controls sphingolipid biosynthesis, and Ypk1/2 phosphorylation by TORC2 under PM stress conditions is increased in a Slm1/2-dependent manner, under which Slm1 is known to be released from an eisosome, a furrow-like invagination PM structure. However, it remains unsolved how the activation machinery of TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling is regulated. Here we show that edelfosine, a synthetic lysophospholipid analog, inhibits the activation of TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling, and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway is involved in this inhibitory effect. The activation of CWI pathway blocked the eisosome disassembly promoted by PM stress and the release of Slm1 from eisosomes. Constitutive activation of TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling exhibited increased sensitivity to cell wall stress. We propose that the CWI pathway negatively regulates the TORC2-Ypk1/2 signaling, which is involved in the regulatory mechanism to ensure the proper stress response to cell wall damage.
Unsupervised manifold embedding to encode molecular quantum information for supervised learning of chemical data
Authors: Li Tonglei , Huls Nicholas J. , Lu Shan , Hou Peng
Published: June 2024

Molecular representation is critical in chemical machine learning. It governs the complexity of model development and the fulfillment of training data to avoid either over- or under-fitting. As electronic structures and associated attributes are the root cause for molecular interactions and their manifested properties, we have sought to examine the local electron information on a molecular manifold to understand and predict molecular interactions. Our efforts led to the development of a lower-dimensional representation of a molecular manifold, Manifold Embedding of Molecular Surface (MEMS), to embody surface electronic quantities. By treating a molecular surface as a manifold and computing its embeddings, the embedded electronic attributes retain the chemical intuition of molecular interactions. MEMS can be further featurized as input for chemical learning. Our solubility prediction with MEMS demonstrated the feasibility of both shallow and deep learning by neural networks, suggesting that MEMS is expressive and robust against dimensionality reduction.
An Ediacaran orogeny in subglacial East Antarctica is uncovered by detrital garnet geochronology
Authors: Verhaert Sharmaine , Glorie Stijn , Hand Martin , Mulder Jacob A. , Milnes Anthony R. , Halpin Jacqueline A.
Published: June 2024

Detrital minerals provide valuable insights into the tectonic history of continents. Uranium-lead dating of detrital zircon is widely used to characterize the magmatic history of continents but is generally insensitive to metamorphism accompanying the production and reworking of crust during orogenesis. Garnet is the most important mineral for recording prograde and peak orogenic metamorphism and can occur as a common detrital phase. Here, we demonstrate laser-ablation lutetium-hafnium (Lu-Hf) geochronology of detrital garnet as a provenance tool for reconstructing orogenic histories at (super)continental scales. Detrital garnet (n = 557) from modern sands and Permo-Carboniferous glacial strata in South Australia faithfully record local garnet-grade metamorphic events but also include a major population at ca. 590 million-years with no known source in South Australia. We trace the ca. 590 million-year-old detrital garnets to a largely ice-covered orogenic province in East Antarctica, uncovering the inception of convergent margin tectonism along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana.
Understanding how space travel affects the female reproductive system to the Moon and beyond
Authors: Mathyk Begum , Imudia Anthony N. , Quaas Alexander M. , Halicigil Cihan , Karouia Fathi , Avci Pinar , Nelson Nicolas G. , Guzeloglu-Kayisli Ozlem , Denbo Miriah , Sanders Lauren M. , Scott Ryan T. , Basar Murat , Guevara-Cerdán Ana Paula , Strug Michael , Monseur Brent , Kayisli Umit A. , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Mason Christopher E. , Young Steven L. , Tasoglu Savas , Costes Sylvain V. , Beheshti Afshin
Published: June 2024

As the space industry grows exponentially and aspirations for space travel expand, we are entering a new era where we will very likely become an interplanetary species. Although reproduction is an essential human function and necessary for species survival, we have remarkably little knowledge regarding the impact of space travel on the female reproductive system. The effects of spaceflight on human reproductive potential, fertility, implantation and subsequent pregnancy resulting in a healthy live birth must be considered before planning prolonged spaceflight missions and the colonization of planets. In this review, we explore what is known and what remains to be learned about the effects of space travel on female reproductive endocrinology. We also delve deeper into reproductive endocrinology and discuss normal physiologic mechanisms at the molecular level to have a better understanding of how it may change during spaceflight. The rigors of spaceflight including radiation, gravitational stressors, and circadian rhythm changes could potentially affect ovulation, fertilization, endometrial receptivity, preimplantation embryo development, embryo implantation, placentation, and pregnancy. Thus, we will examine what is known about spaceflight effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, early embryogenesis, endometrial receptivity, and pregnancy. We further discuss the recent advances in reproductive endocrinology and future research platforms. Establishing a better understanding of the effect of space travel on female reproductive health, as well as developing countermeasures to mitigate adverse effects, are decisive components of our species’ successful transition to an interplanetary one.
Expanding the chemical space using a chemical reaction knowledge graph
Authors: Rydholm Emma , Bastys Tomas , Svensson Emma , Kannas Christos , Engkvist Ola , Kogej Thierry
Published: June 2024

Expanding the chemical space by inferring new chemical reactions through link prediction (SEAL) in a Chemical Reaction Knowledge Graph (CRKG). From high probability links, de novo products can be generated using a molecular transformer (Chemformer).
Life cycle assessment of chitosan modified Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide for arsenic(iii) sequestration in aqueous medium: comparison of the impacts of adsorbent recycling, instrument use and source of energy
Authors: Bisaria Kavya , Seth Chandra Shekhar , Singh Rachana
Published: June 2024

Evidence of arsenic in potable water is a huge global concern for human well-being. For the adsorption of arsenic from groundwater, a promising material chitosan modified Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (NFC) was synthesized in a lab-scale study.
Digital multimeter-based portable photoelectrochemical immunoassay with enzyme-catalyzed precipitation for screening carbohydrate antigen 125
Authors: Lin Xiaorong , Cai Fan , Lin Jia , Zhang Kunmu , Lin Yao
Published: June 2024

A photoelectrochemical immunoassay was devised to detect CA-125 employing enzyme-catalyzed precipitation on hollow porous In2O3 nanotubes with CdS nanoparticles.
DNA encoded peptide library for SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease covalent inhibitor discovery and profiling
Authors: Xing Yuyu , Zhang Huiya , Wang Yanhui , Zong Zhaoyun , Bogyo Matthew , Chen Shiyu
Published: June 2024

DNA-encoded peptide covalent inhibitor library (DEPCIL) for discovering covalent inhibitors of protease and profiling active site preferences.
3D dendritic hierarchically gradient nanoflowers in situ grown on conductive substrates for efficient hydrovoltaic power generation
Authors: Wang Yanan , Yuan Xianrong , Ni Kun , Song Yuhang , Li Xiang , Zeng Xuelian , Shao Beibei , Sun Baoquan
Published: June 2024

3D hierarchical porous TiO2 nanoflowers (HTNFs) with balanced selectivity and permeability for efficient water-droplet-induced hydrovoltaic power generators.
Achieving efficient urea electrosynthesis through improving the coverage of a crucial intermediate across a broad range of nitrate concentrations
Authors: Yu Yaodong , Sun Yuyao , Han Jiani , Guan Yujia , Li Hongdong , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping
Published: June 2024

A novel Ru–Cu9Bi/CNT multi-site alloy is synthesised for electrocatalytic C–N coupling to generate urea across a broad range of NO3− concentrations. By improving the coverage of key intermediate *NHO, ensure the subsequent electrosynthesis of urea.
Sustainable solutions for mitigating spring frost effects on grape and wine quality: facilitating digital transactions in the viniculture sector
Authors: Terpou Antonia , Arvaniti Olga S. , Afratis Nikolaos , Athanasiou Gina , Binard Frank , Zahariadis Theodore
Published: June 2024

In a world grappling with a growing population and shifting climate patterns, ensuring safe and sustainable food production has emerged as a paramount challenge.
Molecular adsorption–desorption of carbon monoxide on ferroelectric BaTiO3(001)
Authors: Iancu Alexandru-Cristi , Apostol Nicoleta G. , Nicolaev Adela , Abramiuc Laura E. , Chirilă Cristina F. , Popescu Dana G. , Teodorescu Cristian M.
Published: June 2024

Carbon monoxide is reversibly adsorbed and desorbed on (001) barium titanate, with adsorption processes controlled by the ferroelectric state of the substrate. This finding suggests that barium titanate is suitable for carbon sequestration.
Unveiling the mechanism of tuning elemental distribution in high entropy alloys and its effect on thermal stability
Authors: Shi Panhua , Yang Yiying , Yao Baodian , Si Jiaxuan , Wang Yuexia
Published: June 2024

The issue of elemental distribution such as chemical short range order (SRO) in high entropy alloys (HEAs) has garnered increased attention in both experimental and theoretical realms.
Ruptures of mixed lipid monolayers under tension and supercooling: implications for nanobubbles in plants
Authors: Ingram Stephen , Reischl Bernhard , Vesala Timo , Vehkamäki Hanna
Published: June 2024

Mixed monolayers likely coat the surfaces of gas nanobubbles within the hydraulic systems of plants. By calculating their dynamic surface tensions, we predict evolving bubble radii and stability under negative pressure.
4f-Orbital mixing increases the magnetic susceptibility of Cp′3Eu
Authors: Gunther S. Olivia , Qiao Yusen , Smith Patrick W. , Ciccone Sierra R. , Ditter Alexander S. , Huh Daniel N. , Moreau Liane M. , Shuh David K. , Sun Taoxiang , Arnold Polly L. , Booth Corwin H. , de Jong Wibe A. , Evans William J. , Lukens Wayne W. , Minasian Stefan G.
Published: June 2024

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and variable temperature magnetometry show evidence of 4f-orbital mixing in Cp′3Eu, which increases its magnetic susceptibility.
Initial state‐dependent implementation of logic gates with memristive neurons
Authors: Rajki Franciska , Horváth András , Ascoli Alon , Tetzlaff Ronald
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a simple memristor cellular neural network structure, a minimalist configuration with only two cells, designed to concurrently address two logic problems. The unique attribute of this system lies in its adaptability, where the nature of the implemented logic gate, be it AND, OR, and XOR, is determined exclusively by the initial states of the memristors. The memristors' state, alterable through current flow, allows for dynamic manipulation, enabling the setting of initial conditions and consequently, a change in the circuit's functionality. To optimize the parameters of this dynamic system, contemporary machine learning techniques are employed, specifically gradient descent optimization. Through a case study, the potential of leveraging intricate circuit dynamics is exemplified to expand the spectrum of problems solvable with a defined number of neurons. This work not only underscores the significance of adaptability in logical circuits but also demonstrates the efficacy of memristive elements in enhancing problem‐solving capabilities.
Model‐driven neural network based for HPO‐MIMO channel estimation
Authors: Gong Yi , Liu Yujia , Meng Fanke , Xu Zhan
Published: June 2024

Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) need to process data streams in high‐speed sensor data acquisition or high‐speed wireless communications. To process the data can require more computing and communication resources, resulting in higher power consumption. Halved‐Phase Only Multiple Input Multiple Output (HPO‐MIMO) communication technology can solve this problem by using low‐power nonlinear detection devices. In ISAC, Channel Estimation (CE) technology can provide key channel characteristics and state information for sensing and collaborative work of perception and communication tasks. However, HPO‐MIMO system cannot realize CE using traditional receiver schemes because of the missing amplitude. In order to solve this problem, two HPO‐MIMO CE schemes based on model‐driven deep learning are proposed in this paper. The proposed schemes include a Densely Residual Network (DRN) and a Inception‐Resnet (IR), which is suitable for the case of sufficient data and insufficient data, respectively. The simulation results show that the performance of DRN based scheme is better than that of IR based scheme when the data amount is sufficient, and the performance of IR based scheme is better when the dataset is small. In addition, the proposed CE schemes work well with a range of antenna sizes and distances.
Study on the partial discharge characteristics induced by the motion of cellulose particles in transformer oil
Authors: Liu Yijin , Zhao Tao , Liu Yunpeng , Liu Yunuo , Jiaxue Xu , Yang Chaojie
Published: June 2024

Cellulose particles present a significant concern within the oil‐paper insulation of transformers, posing potential risks to insulation performance. Under the influence of the electric field, the movement of cellulose particles can compromise the transformer's insulation, leading to potential failure. An experimental platform was established to synchronously record particle motion images, partial discharge (PD) pulses, and electric voltage waveforms in oil, aiming to observe the PD characteristics resulting from particle motion under alternating current (AC) voltage and investigate the relationship between different particle motion modes, motion positions, and PD signals. The findings reveal that the phase distribution of PD signals is correlated with the particle motion mode. Specifically, the phase distribution of PD pulses during the back‐and‐forth motion mode is between 4°–94° and 182°–275°. In the suspended oscillation motion mode, the PD pulses phase is concentrated between 20°–84° and 203°–268°. The generation of PD pulses is closely linked to the particle's motion position. PD pulses occur when the particle remains on the electrode during the back‐and‐forth motion mode, generally, PD pulses rarely occur during the jumping process between the two electrodes. In the suspended oscillation motion mode, PD pulses occur when the particle moves upward, but generally do not occur during downward movement. Furthermore, the Pulse Sequence Analysis technique was used to employ the PD characteristics caused by particle motion in transformer oil. The simulation calculations of the electric field distribution for two different particle motion modes show that the particle's motion can cause distortion of the electric field distribution, leading to the generation of PD. The study of the PD characteristics at different particle motion modes and positions obtained contributes to a deeper understanding of the PD induced by cellulose particle motion under AC voltage and provides a reference for the insulation evaluation of transformers.
Optimized ultra high voltage gain DC–DC converter with current stress reduction for photovoltaic application
Authors: ALgamluoli Ammar Falah , Wu Xiaohua , Jahanger Hayder K.
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a non‐isolated DC‐DC converter designed to validate ultra‐high voltage gain using a modified double boost mode. The objective is to achieve exceptionally high voltage gain by integrating a modified triple boost technique (MTBT), interleaved with second main and auxiliary third MOSFETs, and a modified switched inductor‐capacitor (MSLC), effectively doubling the voltage transfer gain. Furthermore, MSLC is combined with the auxiliary third and double main MOSFET to double the voltage gain while concurrently mitigating voltage stress on the auxiliary MOSFET and diodes in the proposed converter (the PC). Additionally, all diodes in the MTBT operate under zero current switching (ZCS) and the double main and auxiliary third MOSFET face very low current stress at ultra‐high voltage gain. The input current of the PC remains steady without pulsating at a low duty ratio, making the PC more suitable for renewable energy systems. The PC offers numerous advantages, exhibiting high efficiency and ensuring minimal voltage stress on power devices with low current stress on the power switches. Notably, PC aims to elevate input voltages from 30 V to a variable output range of 335 to 600 V, delivering 440 watts at 96.1% efficiency.
Electromagnetic field coupled circuits and open‐loop control of fast starting processes in induction motors
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Zhang Kunlun , Xu Nan , Luo Cheng
Published: June 2024

To solve the problems of difficulty in speed measurement and low accuracy of speed measurement of induction motor (IM) during fast starting, the electromagnetic field coupling circuit (EFCC) and open‐loop control of IM considering rapid speed change are proposed. First, the EFCC of IM is established through the stator circuit, air gap magnetic field circuit and rotor circuit, and the stator voltage and electromagnetic torque of the fast starting process are deduced from the air gap magnetic density on the basis of constant slip angular velocity, and then the open‐loop control method based on the EFCC is given. Finally, compared with the open‐loop control based on the TEC, the results of simulation and experiment show that the open‐loop control based on the EFCC can follow the acceleration starting more quickly and the starting current is smaller, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the drive.
Evolution of X-ray galaxy cluster properties in a representative sample (EXCPReS)
Authors: Chen C. M. H. , Arnaud M. , Pointecouteau E. , Pratt G. W. , Iqbal A.
Published: June 2024

We present XMM-Newton observations of a representative X-ray selected sample of 31 galaxy clusters at moderate redshift (0.4 < z < 0.6), spanning the mass range 1014 < M500 < 1015 M⊙. This sample, EXCPReS (Evolution of X-ray galaxy Cluster Properties in a Representative Sample), is used to test and validate a new method to produce optimally-binned cluster X-ray temperature profiles. The method uses a dynamic programming algorithm, based on partitioning of the soft-band X-ray surface brightness profile, to obtain a binning scheme that optimally fulfils a given signal-to-noise threshold criterion out to large radius. From the resulting optimally-binned EXCPReS temperature profiles, and combining with those from the local REXCESS sample, we provide a generic scaling relation between the relative error on the temperature and the [0.3–2] keV surface brightness signal-to-noise ratio, and its dependence on temperature and redshift. We derive an average scaled 3D temperature profile for the sample. Comparing to the average scaled 3D temperature profiles from REXCESS, we find no evidence for evolution of the average profile shape within the redshift range that we probe.
Synchrotron polarization with a partially random magnetic field: General approach and application to X-ray polarization from supernova remnants
Authors: Bandiera Rino , Petruk Oleh
Published: June 2024

Context. Diagnostics based on the polarization properties of the synchrotron emission can provide precious information on both the ordered structure and the random level of the magnetic field. While this issue has already been analyzed in the radio band, the polarization data recently obtained by the mission IXPE have shown the need to extend this analysis to the X-ray band.

Aims. While our immediate targets are young supernova remnants, the scope of this analysis is wider. Our aim is to extend the analysis to particle energy distributions more complex than a power law, and to investigate a wider range of cases involving a composition of ordered and random magnetic fields.

Methods. Since an analytical approach is only possible in a limited number of cases, we devised for this purpose an optimized numerical scheme, and we directly used it to investigate particle energy distributions in the form of a power law with an exponential or super-exponential cutoff. We also considered a general combination of an ordered field plus an anisotropic random component.

Results. We show that the previously derived analytic formulae, valid for power-law distributions, may also be good approximations of the polarization degree in the more general case with a cutoff, as typically seen in X-rays. We explicitly analyzed the young supernova remnants SN 1006, Tycho, and Cas A. In particular, for SN 1006 we proved the consistency between the radio and X-ray polarization degrees, favoring the case of a predominantly random field with an anisotropic distribution. In addition, for the power-law case we investigated the effect of a compression on ordered and on random magnetic field components, aimed at describing the mid-age radio supernova remnants.

Conclusions. This work allows a more efficient exploitation of radio and X-ray measurements of the synchrotron polarization, and is addressed to present observations with IXPE and to future projects.
Neumann Problem for Second-Order Differential Equation with Fractional Derivative in the Analysis and Modeling of Structures Made of Viscoelastic Elements
Authors: Kirianova Ludmila , Matseevich Tatiana
Published: June 2024

This article addresses a second-order differential equation containing a Gerasimov-Kaputo fractional differentiation operator of order less than two. The Neumann problem is formulated for this equation. A system of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for the considered homogeneous boundary problem of the second kind is found. A conjugate boundary problem for the Gerasimov-Kaputo fractional derivative is introduced. A biorthogonal system is obtained that is orthogonal to the found system of eigenfunctions. Visualizations of the eigenfunction system, biorthogonal system, and an example of eigenvalue distribution on the real axis are provided.
Field test of compactability of soaked subsidence soil using heavy tamper
Authors: Setev Nyamdorj , Ganbold Adiyajav , Janlav Sarantuya
Published: June 2024

Dynamic compaction, including heavy compaction, is a widespread method throughout the world for improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of subsidence and low-density soils. The results of theoretical and experimental studies have established that the depth of compaction and the density of compacted soils depend on the weight, shape of the bottom, the height of the tamper and humidity, the type of structural connection, and the granulometric composition of the compacted soil. This article discusses the results of compaction with a heavy tamper when soaking loess-like subsidence soil, widespread in the city of Darkhan, Mongolia, to optimal moisture.
Ecological aspects of development of modular real estate construction industry in modern conditions
Authors: Muradov Alesker Nazimovich , Grabovyy Kirill Petrovich
Published: June 2024

In the context of the rapid development of the construction industry and the growing attention to sustainability, modular construction is a promising method that deserves the attention of researchers. The aim of the study is to reveal the environmental aspects of modular construction, make a comparative analysis with traditional methods and highlight the prospects for the development of this technology. The article uses a comprehensive methodological approach, including the analysis of the life cycle of the building, comparative analysis of materials and methods of modular and traditional construction. The result of the study is that modular construction contributes to the reduction of the overall environmental load by reducing energy costs, emissions and efficient use of resources. Which leads to the following conclusion: modular construction represents a significant potential for sustainable development in the construction industry. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the development of strategies for the implementation of this technology taking into account environmental performance. The scientific novelty lies in exploring the environmental benefits of modular construction in more detail, providing relevant data and analysis, which makes the work an important contribution to the field of sustainable construction and stimulates further research in this area.
The impact of migration processes on the construction sector of Kyrgyzstan: Problems and strategies of public administration
Authors: Nuraliev Nurlan Akimbekovich , Kylychbekov Arsen Bektashevich , Erkebulanova Nurgul Sharsheevna , Mataeva Salima Shailoobekovna , Bondareva Natalya Sergeevna
Published: June 2024

This article examines the impact of migration on the construction industry of Kyrgyzstan, and also analyzes the main problems faced by government agencies in managing this process. Aspects such as labor instability, increasing demand for housing resources, changes in urban infrastructure and sociocultural changes are discussed. Possible solutions are proposed for the effective management of migration flows in the construction sector, including improving mechanisms for regulating labor migration, developing programs to support local construction companies and creating conditions for improving the skills of local personnel. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn about the need for an integrated approach to managing migration processes, taking into account their impact on various aspects of the economy and society of Kyrgyzstan.
Investments for sustainable development of regions of the Kyrgyz Republic in a green economy
Authors: Omuralieva Arina , Imankadyrova Aigul , Beishenbekov Zhanarbek , Sulaimanova Baktygul
Published: June 2024

In this article, we will look at the economic landscape of Kyrgyzstan, the potential benefits and risks of investing in the regions of the country, as well as some strategies for successfully investing in Kyrgyzstan for sustainable development. The main sectors of the country's economy are analyzed regionally, including agriculture, tourism, gold mining and other resources, taking into account the principles of green economy development. Government measures aimed at attracting foreign investment, such as tax breaks and simplification of business registration procedures, are also considered. Thus, attracting foreign investment in sustainable regional development will fundamentally increase the economic effect as a result of the joint use of individual elements of the system. As a result, the presence of economic and political stability of the country, reduction of external debt and attracted green investments will give expected changes in the future, which may affect the investment climate. Therefore, the article will be a valuable source of information for those who are planning to invest in the economy of Kyrgyzstan. Since the regions represent a promising market for investors who are ready to invest their funds in the development of the country’s economy.
Investment and innovation potential of ensuring the viability of the construction business in new regions
Authors: Kushchenko Igor Vladimirovich , Grabovy Pyotr Grigorievich
Published: June 2024

The features of overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena on the basis of investment and innovative development of the construction industry in the conditions of economic recovery in new regions are considered in the article. Modern approaches in the field of improving the comfort and accessibility of housing, improving the quality of the urban environment, and mobilizing local resources to improve housing construction mechanisms are analyzed. It has been established that complex emergency situations require comprehensive measures based on the principles of public-private (municipal-private) partnership. It is shown that the priorities of sustainable development of the urban environment framework are determined by setting the tasks of spatial resource development, renovation, redevelopment and revitalization of urbanized territories. The necessity of a system of balanced indicators for assessing the viability of the construction business, taking into account the tasks of reproducing the housing stock of new regions, is substantiated. Examples of new opportunities for attracting investments in the development of additive construction technologies, the creation of information technologies for managing the life cycle of real estate objects based on the principles of "lean" and "green" construction are presented.
Organizational and legal regulation and features of the development of housing legal relations of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abilbaev Amangeldy Askarovich , Ismanov Taalaybek Kadyrovich
Published: June 2024

This article is devoted to the problems in the sphere of providing citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan with housing and the development of mechanisms for the reproduction of housing stock. According to the implementation of the housing policy development strategy, it is impossible without an appropriate legal framework and the implementation of existing and promising housing programs aimed at regulating the sphere of housing legal relations.