bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extended FMEA Model for Exploring the Potential Failure Modes: A Case Study of a Steam Turbine for a Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Lo Huai-Wei , Liou James J. H. , Yang Jen-Jen , Huang Chun-Nen , Lu Yu-Hsuan
Published: December 2021

Critical types of infrastructure are provided by the state to maintain the people’s livelihood, ensure economic development, and systematic government operations. Given the development of ever more complicated critical infrastructure systems, increasing importance is being attached to the protection of the components of this infrastructure to reduce the risk of failure. Power facilities are one of the most important kinds of critical infrastructure. Developing an effective risk detection system to identify potential failure modes (FMs) of power supply equipment is crucial. This study seeks to improve upon prior approaches for risk assessment by proposing a hybrid risk‐assessment model using the concepts of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and multiple‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM). The proposed model includes a cost‐based factor for decision‐makers. The subjectivity and uncertainty in FM assessment are adjusted through the rough number method. The original risk priority number (RPN) can be expanded by including the entropy weights in the risk index. Furthermore, to rank the risk priorities in a rational manner, a modified technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (modified TOPSIS) is adopted. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method were demonstrated by considering an example of a turbine steam engine in a nuclear power plant.
Brine-Induced Tribocorrosion Accelerates Wear on Stainless Steel: Implications for Mars Exploration
Authors: Martín‐Torres Javier , Zorzano‐Mier María‐Paz , Nyberg Erik , Vakkada-Ramachandran Abhilash , Bhardwaj Anshuman
Published: December 2021

Tribocorrosion is a degradation phenomenon of material surfaces subjected to the combined action of mechanical loading and corrosion attack caused by the environment. Although corrosive chemical species such as materials like chloride atoms, chlorides, and perchlorates have been detected on the Martian surface, there is a lack of studies of its impact on materials for landed spacecraft and structures that will support surface operations on Mars. Here, we present a series of experiments on the stainless-steel material of the ExoMars 2020 Rosalind Franklin rover wheels. We show how tribocorrosion induced by brines accelerates wear on the materials of the wheels. Our results do not compromise the nominal ExoMars mission but have implications for future long-term surface operations in support of future human exploration or extended robotic missions on Mars.
Evaluation of the Association between Obesity Markers and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study Based on a Physical Examination Population
Authors: Yang Tengfei , Zhao Bo , Pei Dongmei
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To evaluate the predictive effect of different obesity markers on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a population of healthy individuals who underwent physical examination and to provide a reference for the early detection of individuals at risk of diabetes. Methods. This retrospective cohort study included 15206 healthy subjects who underwent a physical examination (8307 men and 6899 women). Information on the study population was obtained from the Dryad Digital Repository. Cox proportional risk models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of different obesity markers, including the lipid accumulation index (LAP), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body roundness index (BRI) on the development of type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of each obesity marker in predicting the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and the area under the curve (AUC). Results. After a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, there were 372 new cases of type 2 diabetes. After correcting for confounding factors such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and blood pressure, Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that elevations in BMI, LAP, WHtR, VAI, and BRI increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The ROC curve results showed that LAP was the best predictor of the risk of developing diabetes, with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.759 (0.752–0.766), an optimal cutoff value of 16.04, a sensitivity of 0.72, and a specificity of 0.69. Conclusion. An increase in the BMI, LAP, WHtR, VAI, and BRI can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with LAP being the best predictor of this risk.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Liver Fibrosis Is Linked with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Mediated by Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Chen Ling-zi , Jing Xu-bin , Wu Chao-fen , Zeng Yi-cheng , Xie Yan-chun , Wang Mu-qing , Chen Wen-xia , Hu Xi , Zhou Yan-na , Cai Xian-bin
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hepatic fibrosis is the most significant determinant of all-cause- and liver -related mortality in NAFLD. However, the relationship between NAFLD fibrosis and severe coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Methods and Results. We conducted a retrospective study of 531 patients with ultrasonogram-confirmed NAFLD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Then, all patients were separated into four categories by Gensini score (0, 0-9, 9-48, and ≥48) for use in ordinal logistic regression analysis to determine whether NAFLD fibrosis was associated with increased Gensini scores. Mediation analysis was used to investigate whether systemic inflammation is a mediating factor in the association between NAFLD fibrosis and CAD severity.

FIB
−
4
>
2.67

(

OR
=
5.67

, 95% CI 2.59-12.38) and

APRI
>
1.5

(

OR
=
14.8

, 95% CI 3.24-67.60) remained to be independent risk factors for the severity of CAD after adjusting for conventional risk factors, whereas among the inflammation markers, only neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independently associated with CAD. Multivariable ordinal regression analysis suggested that increasing Gensini score (0, 0-9, 9-48, and ≥48) was associated with advanced NAFLD fibrosis. ROC curve showed that either fibrosis markers or inflammation markers, integrating with traditional risk factors, could increase the predictive capacity for determining CAD. Inflammation markers, especially neutrophils and NLR, were mediators of the relationship between NAFLD fibrosis and CAD severity. Conclusions. NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis are at a high risk of severe coronary artery stenosis, and inflammation might mediate the association between NAFLD fibrosis and CAD severity.
Myasthenia Gravis Masquerading as Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Pirwani Neha , Wrublik Shayna , Ambati Shashikanth
Published: December 2021

Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission, can lead to varying degrees of weakness and fatigability of the skeletal musculature. Juvenile myasthenia gravis accounts for 10–15% of all cases of myasthenia gravis. The clinical presentation of juvenile myasthenia gravis varies tremendously, which presents itself as a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. We report a case of a 15-year-old female with mild intermittent asthma presenting with shortness of breath. Acute onset of dyspnea is a common chief complaint amongst the pediatric population with a broad differential diagnosis. Our patient was presumptively treated for status asthmaticus and required invasive mechanical ventilation. After extubating, the patient showed persistent ptosis, which led to the eventual work-up of myasthenia gravis. Upon further review, this patient had months of intermittent symptoms including ptosis and fatigue which went previously undiagnosed. This case demonstrates that dyspnea in an asthmatic can occur from nonairway processes and, if missed, may result in overtreatment of asthma or delayed diagnosis of an important neuromuscular process.
Evaluation of the Influencing Factors of Using Underground Space of Abandoned Coal Mines to Store Hydrogen Based on the Improved ANP Method
Authors: Liu Wang , Pei Peng
Published: December 2021

Storage is currently a major obstacle to the promotion of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen storage in abandoned coal mines can achieve the effective use of underground space while meeting the growing demand for energy storage facilities, which can bring economic and environmental benefits. However, research in this area has been limited to the conceptual discussion stage, without establishing a scientific evaluation method for the potential of modifying and utilizing abandoned coal mine space. In this study, based on the analytic network process (ANP), the Apriori algorithm is introduced to mine the association rules for various influencing factors. First, the Apriori algorithm is applied to mine association rules between indicators, eliminate unnecessary influence relationships, simplify the network structure model, and optimize the ANP weight calculation results; second, the solution method of judgment matrix is improved with triangular fuzzy numbers, and the index weight is solved by fuzzy nine marks instead of the method of nine scale, which is convenient for experts to give the fuzzy scale while better reflecting the opinions of experts. Finally, the ANP algorithm is applied to rank the weights of the obtained influencing factors, discuss the main factors with higher weights, and analyze the feasibility of converting candidate coal mines into hydrogen storage facilities using the derived evaluation method in the case study. The evaluation methods and conclusions presented in this study provide analytical tools and a decision basis for analyzing the feasibility of converting underground space of abandoned coal mines into hydrogen storage facilities and assessing the economic indicators.
Evaluation of Rural Tourism Spatial Pattern Based on Multifactor-Weighted Neural Network Algorithm Model in Big Data Era
Authors: Xu Qiang
Published: December 2021

In recent years, due to the rapid development of rural tourism, rural tourism has lost its unique rurality, which has led to a certain impact on the sustainable development of rural tourism. Primarily, based on the rural characteristics, the social environment development, population development, and economic development are taken as the research indexes, and the evaluation index system of rural tourism destination is constructed. Afterward, an empirical study on the spatial pattern of rural tourism is carried out with examples, and the model is simulated and analyzed by MATLAB software. Finally, the spatial autocorrelation method is used to analyze the evolution characteristics of the rural tourism spatial pattern. The results show that through the analysis of the evaluation error curve of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), the evaluation error and the actual error range are within 0.08%, which proves that the BPNN algorithm has good calculation accuracy. The BPNN rural tourism destination rurality evaluation model established here can make an effective evaluation of rural tourism space. The results show that the proportion of employees in the primary industry and the penetration rate of mobile phones are the decisive factors in the adjustment of industrial structure and social environmental factors, respectively. Rural per capita tourism income and the proportion of primary industry output value will also have a certain impact on rural evolution. Certain guiding significance is provided for the sustainable development of rural tourism.
Computing Topological Descriptors and Polynomials of Certain 2D Chemical Structures
Authors: Izhar Muhammad Mubashir , Perveen Zahida , Alrowaili Dalal , Azeem Mehran , Siddique Imran , Imran Shahid , Sardar Muhammad Shoaib
Published: December 2021

In the fields of mathematical chemistry, a topological index, also known as a connectivity index, is a type of a molecular descriptor that is calculated based on the molecular graph of a chemical compound. Topological indices are an analytical framework of a graph which portray its topology and are mostly equal graphs. Topological indices (TIs) are numeral quantities that are used to foresee the natural correlation among the physicochemical properties of the chemical compounds in their fundamental network. TIs show an essential role in the theoretical abstract and environmental chemistry and pharmacology. In this paper, we compute many latest developed degree-based TIs. An analogy among the computed different versions of the TIs with the help of the numerical values and their graphs is also included .In this article, we compute the first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index, hyper Zagreb index, ABC Index, GA Index, and first Zagreb polynomial and second Zagreb polynomial of chemical graphs polythiophene, nylon 6,6, and the backbone structure of DNA.
The Transmission Dynamics of Hepatitis B Virus via the Fractional‐Order Epidemiological Model
Authors: Khan Tahir , Qian Zi-Shan , Ullah Roman , Al Alwan Basem , Zaman Gul , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. , El Khatib Youssef , Kheder Khaled
Published: December 2021

We investigate and analyze the dynamics of hepatitis B with various infection phases and multiple routes of transmission. We formulate the model and then fractionalize it using the concept of fractional calculus. For the purpose of fractionalizing, we use the Caputo–Fabrizio operator. Once we develop the model under consideration, existence and uniqueness analysis will be discussed. We use fixed point theory for the existence and uniqueness analysis. We also prove that the model under consideration possesses a bounded and positive solution. We then find the basic reproductive number to perform the steady‐state analysis and to show that the fractional‐order epidemiological model is locally and globally asymptotically stable under certain conditions. For the local and global analysis, we use linearization, mean value theorem, and fractional Barbalat’s lemma, respectively. Finally, we perform some numerical findings to support the analytical work with the help of graphical representations.
Gingival Depigmentation Using Diode 980 nm and Erbium-YAG 2940 nm Lasers: A Split-Mouth Clinical Comparative Study
Authors: Jnaid Harb Zaid Kamel , El-Sayed Walid , Alkhabuli Jumma
Published: December 2021

Aim of the Study. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of diode laser (980 nm) and erbium-YAG laser (2940 nm) for gum depigmentation. Background. Gingival hyperpigmentation, “black gum,” refers to black discrete single or multiple pigments on the gingiva. Several factors may play a role in gingival hyperpigmentation ranging from physiologic pigmentation to manifestations of systemic diseases. Several techniques have been used for gingival depigmentation to lighten its color. Methods. Fifteen patients exhibiting nonsmoking melanin hyperpigmentation, with the mean age of 28.6 ± 7.8 years, were recruited. The facial gingiva of the anterior teeth and premolars of each jaw was divided into two halves. The right or left side of each jaw quadrant randomly received either diode laser operating at 980 nm wavelength or erbium-YAG laser at 2940 nm. Parameters such as degree of gingival depigmentation, bleeding, pain, patient satisfaction, and wound healing were assessed and compared between the two techniques. The subjects were followed up to six months for melanin pigmentation recurrence. Results. Both techniques were efficient for gingival depigmentation. Nevertheless, bleeding during surgery was statistically higher for Er:YAG laser technique as compared to diode laser. Wound healing showed statistically nonsignificant differences between the two lasers, although Er:YAG seems to give better outcomes than the diode. The patients were satisfied with both laser techniques during and after gingival depigmentation. However, the pain score was higher for Er:YAG laser than for diode laser. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that both lasers’ techniques are efficient for gingival depigmentation. However, diode laser seems to show less painful experience and relatively better bleeding control.
NGS Analysis of Clonality and Minimal Residual Disease in a Patient with Concurrent Richter’s Transformation and CLL/SLL
Authors: Kadkol Shrihari S. , Bland Joshua , Kavanaugh Ashley , Ni Hongyu , Nehru Vijeyaluxmi , Peace David
Published: December 2021

B-cell lymphomas are neoplastic proliferations of clonal B lymphocytes. Clonality is generally determined by PCR amplification of VDJ rearrangements in the IgH heavy chain or VJ rearrangements in Igκ/Igλ light chain genes followed by capillary electrophoresis. More recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to detect clonality in B-cell lymphomas because of the exponential amount of information that is obtained beyond just detecting a clonal population. The additional information obtained is useful for diagnostic confirmation, prognosis assessment, and response to therapy. In this study, we utilized NGS analysis to characterize two histologically distinct lymphomas (DLBCL and CLL/SLL) that were detected contemporaneously in an asymptomatic patient. NGS analysis showed that the same VDJ rearrangement was present in nodal (DLBCL) and marrow (CLL/SLL) biopsies confirming that the DLBCL resulted from Richter’s transformation of a subclinical CLL/SLL. The V region of the rearrangement remained unmutated without somatic hypermutation. In silico analysis showed that the HCDR3 sequence was heterogeneous and not stereotypic. Minimal residual disease analysis by NGS showed that the tumor clone decreased by 2.84 logs in the bone marrow after R-CHOP therapy. However, a small number of tumor cells were still detected in the peripheral blood after R-CHOP therapy. Subsequent allogeneic transplantation was successful in eradicating the tumor clone and achieving deep molecular remission. We show that NGS analysis facilitated clinical management in our patient by helping to characterize the VDJ rearrangement in detail and by tracking minimal residual disease with high sensitivity and specificity.
Anticoagulation Practice in Patients with Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Insights from GeCAT, a German Prospective Registry Study
Authors: Klamroth Robert , Sinn Marianne , Pollich Christiane , Bischoff Sven , Lohneis Anja , Orlovic Ana-Marija , Wisłocka Lilianna , Habbel Piet , de Wit Maike , Späth-Schwalbe Ernst , Scholz Christian W. , Riess Hanno
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Cancer-associated venous thrombosis (CAT) is a common and serious complication of active malignancies, increasing in frequency during systemic treatment and radiotherapy. Due to a high risk of recurrence and bleeding, the administration of anticoagulants for initial treatment and secondary prevention of CAT is challenging. We conducted a prospective registry study of patients with acute CAT to evaluate the way treatment is given to these patients in routine practice. Methods: From May 2015 to May 2017, all consecutive patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) admitted to specialty or emergency departments of the participating hospitals in Berlin, Germany, were entered into the registry. Patients with cancer underwent extensive baseline evaluation including the type and location of thrombosis and use of anticoagulant therapy. Follow-up assessments were made at discharge and by telephone interviews at 3 and 6 months. Results: A total of 382 patients with acute CAT were enrolled in the study, representing 24.5% of all patients with thrombosis. 70.4% of CAT patients had deep vein thromboses (DVT), 48.2% had pulmonary embolism (PE), and 18.6% had concurrent PE and DVT. A significant proportion of VTE (27%) was asymptomatic and was diagnosed only incidentally. At baseline, 97.9% of the patients received anticoagulant therapy, predominantly with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (n = 334, 87.4%). Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were given to 5.8% of patients, and vitamin K antagonists were rarely used (<2% of patients). Changes in the prescription of antithrombotic agents were seen at discharge from hospital and during follow-up. Overall, the use of LMWH declined during follow-up, while the proportion of patients treated with DOACs increased to 32.4% at 6 months. At baseline, the most frequently used LMWH were enoxaparin and nadroparin, but many patients were switched to once daily tinzaparin prior to discharge. Initially and after discharge, the majority of patients were treated by oncologists. Overall, 263 (68.8%) and 222 (58.1%) patients were still alive and could be contacted at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, respectively. Of these, 84.0% and 71.6% were still on anticoagulant therapy (58.6% and 36.5% on LMWH). Conclusion: In accordance with the guidelines, the majority of CAT patients received anticoagulation therapy for the recommended minimum duration of 3–6 months. LMWH remained the preferred option throughout the study, demonstrating good patient adherence. In deviation from guideline recommendations and available study results during the study period, more than a quarter of CAT patients were treated with DOACs. Only recently, DOACs have been established as another option for anticoagulation in CAT patients.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «МЕДИЧНА ТА БІООРГАНІЧНА ХІМІЯ» СТУДЕНТАМ ЗІ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ «МЕДСЕСТРИНСТВО»
Authors: Сирова Г. О. , Завада О. О. , Макаров В. О.
Published: December 2021

У статті розглянуто основні напрямки оптимізації самостійної роботи студентів під час вивчення дисципліни «Медична та біоорганічна хімія» студентам зі спеціальності «Медсестринство». Метою дослідження стало вивчення сучасних тенденцій в галузі охорони здоров’я, які моделюють майбутнє сестринської справи, та формування концепції викладання фундаментальної дисципліни «Медична та біоорганічна хімія» як підґрунтя при вивченні фахових предметів.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ З ПИТАНЬ ПІДГОТОВКИ ПОДРУЖНІХ ПАР ДО ПАРТНЕРСЬКИХ ПОЛОГІВ
Authors: Маланчук Л. М. , Лісіна О. В. , Маланчук С. Л. , Мартинюк В. М. , Маланчук А. С. , Небесьо Т. А.
Published: December 2021

Стаття присвячена аспектам формування професійної компетентності медичних сестер у питаннях родиноорієнтованих технологій.
ШЛЯХИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР ЧЕРЕЗ НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНИЦЬКИХ УМІНЬ
Authors: Сирова Г. О. , Петюніна В. М. , Савельєва О. В.
Published: December 2021

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність формування науково-дослідницьких умінь майбутніх медичних сестер у процесі навчання у вищому медичному навчальному закладі. За сучасних умов значно зросли вимоги до майбутнього фахівця сестринської справи, спричинені запитом конкретних роботодавців. Як відомо, сучасний ринок праці розглядає медичних сестер як персонал, здатний проводити і організовувати науково-дослідницьку роботу в лікувально-профілактичному закладі, який володіє науково-дослідницькими вміннями. Саме тому автори актуалізують значущість науково-дослідницьких знань і умінь в практичній охороні здоровʼя та наявність відповідних їм організаційно-педагогічних умов у процесі професійної підготовки медичних сестер. Ефективне формування науково-дослідницьких якостей сприяє новітньому становленню медичної сестри як самостійної професійної одиниці з високим професійним потенціалом.
ПРАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ У НАЛАГОДЖЕННІ МІЖОСОБИСТІСНИХ ВЗАЄМИН В УЧНІВСЬКИХ КОЛЕКТИВАХ
Authors: Рибчинська М. С. , Пилипишин О. І.
Published: December 2021

У статті описано професійну діяльність медичної сестри з колективом учнів загальноосвітнього навчального закладу. Визначено роль медичної сестри у підвищенні рівня психологічного здоров’я підлітків в учнівських колективах.
Haec urbs est Thebae
Authors: Breunesse Merlijn
Published: December 2021

This paper analyses the use of proximal deixis in Mercury’s prologue to Plautus’ Amphitruo. The study revolves around the referential ambiguity that characterizes proximal deictics such as here and this city, arguing that it contributes significantly to the blurred distinction between reality and fiction that is typical for Plautine theatre, and for his prologues in particular. The paper shows (1) that proximal deictics play a crucial role in Mercury’s creation of and transition into the fictional world; (2) that their unique referential features during audience address enable Mercury to transform the spectators’ surroundings in addition to his own; and (3) that their use underlines the similarity between Rome and fictional Thebes, which is subsequently connected to the Greek setting of Plautus’ plays and their performance during Roman festivals. Moreover, the paper claims that Mercury partly relies on proximal deixis for the inductive effect of his prologue.
Zulu Creation Myths by Credo Mutwa – Ancient Tradition or Mutwa’s Invention?
Authors: Podolecka Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa (1921–2020) was one the most famous and controversial sangomas in South Africa. He is the first sangoma who published books about sangomas’ vocation and work, and revealed his version of Zulu myths. This paper first establishes if Mutwa’s tales can be considered myths, then if those stories are cohesive with versions known to academics and contemporary sangomas. The aim of this article is to analyse the creation myths that Mutwa presents, establish if they are original Zulu myths or his creations, and find international mythological motifs that could have influenced him. Mutwa’s myths are compared with myths collected by other researchers. Mutwa’s opinions, gained during a 2013 field visit to his home in Kuruman, South Africa, are also presented. The field studies among contemporary sangomas were financed by the Polish National Science Centre (Narodowe Centrum Nauki), Poland, project no. 2017/25/N/HS1/02500.
QG–DL–Ekman: Dynamics of a Diabatic Layer in the Quasi-Geostrophic Framework
Authors: Klein Rupert , Schielicke Lisa , Pfahl Stephan , Khouider Boualem
Published: December 2021

Quasigeostrophic (QG) theory describes the dynamics of synoptic-scale flows in the troposphere that are balanced with respect to both acoustic and internal gravity waves. Within this framework, effects of (turbulent) friction near the ground are usually represented by Ekman layer theory. The troposphere covers roughly the lowest 10 km of the atmosphere while Ekman layer heights are typically just a few hundred meters. However, this two-layer asymptotic theory does not explicitly account for substantial changes of the potential temperature stratification due to diabatic heating associated with cloud formation or with radiative and turbulent heat fluxes which can be significant in about the lowest 3 km and in the middle latitudes. To address this deficiency, this paper extends the classical QG–Ekman layer model by introducing an intermediate dynamically and thermodynamically active layer, called the “diabatic layer” (DL) from here on. The flow in this layer is also in acoustic, hydrostatic, and geostrophic balance but, in contrast to QG flow, variations of potential temperature are not restricted to small deviations from a stable and time-independent background stratification. Instead, within the DL diabatic processes are allowed to affect the leading-order stratification. As a consequence, this layer modifies the pressure field at the top of the Ekman layer, and with it the intensity of Ekman pumping seen by the quasigeostrophic bulk flow. The result is the proposed extended quasigeostrophic three-layer QG–DL–Ekman model for midlatitude dynamics.
Jet Stream Meandering in the Northern Hemisphere Winter: An Advection–Diffusion Perspective
Authors: Chen Gang , Nie Yu , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2021

Large meridional excursions of a jet stream are conducive to blocking and related midlatitude weather extremes, yet the physical mechanism of jet meandering is not well understood. This paper examines the mechanisms of jet meandering in boreal winter through the lens of a potential vorticity (PV)-like tracer advected by reanalysis winds in an advection–diffusion model. As the geometric structure of the tracer displays a compact relationship with PV in observations and permits a linear mapping from tracer to PV at each latitude, jet meandering can be understood by the geometric structure of tracer field that is only a function of prescribed advecting velocities. This one-way dependence of tracer field on advecting velocities provides a new modeling framework to quantify the effects of time mean flow versus transient eddies on the spatiotemporal variability of jet meandering. It is shown that the mapped tracer wave activity resembles the observed spatial pattern and magnitude of PV wave activity for the winter climatology, interannual variability, and blocking-like wave events. The anomalous increase in tracer wave activity for the composite over interannual variability or blocking-like wave events is attributed to weakened composite mean winds, indicating that the low-frequency winds are the leading factor for the overall distributions of wave activity. It is also found that the tracer model underestimates extreme wave activity, likely due to the lack of feedback mechanisms. The implications for the mechanisms of jet meandering in a changing climate are also discussed.
Revisiting the Impact of Modernization on Support for Women Politicians: The Role of Women’s Political Empowerment
Authors: Neundorf Anja , Shorrocks Rosalind
Published: December 2021

We examine the role of societal modernization and women’s political empowerment in generating support for women politicians amongst citizens. Using a global analysis of 116 countries with a new dataset of micro- and macro-level longitudinal data, we show that societal modernization and women’s political empowerment only have positive effects on support for women in politics when the other is also present. For citizens who experienced either societal modernization or women’s political empowerment, but not both, we do not see this positive relationship. Crucially, these patterns hold when analysing the current social and political context, as well as the context experienced by citizens during their formative years. We argue that both social and political changes are required to develop supportive attitudes towards women in politics.
The More You Ask, the Less You Get: When Additional Questions Hurt External Validity
Authors: Li Ye , Krefeld-Schwalb Antonia , Wall Daniel G. , Johnson Eric J. , Toubia Olivier , Bartels Daniel M.
Published: December 2021

Researchers and practitioners in marketing, economics, and public policy often use preference elicitation tasks to forecast real-world behaviors. These tasks typically ask a series of similarly structured questions. The authors posit that every time a respondent answers an additional elicitation question, two things happen: (1) they provide information about some parameter(s) of interest, such as their time preference or the partworth for a product attribute, and (2) the respondent increasingly “adapts” to the task—that is, using task-specific decision processes specialized for this task that may or may not apply to other tasks. Importantly, adaptation comes at the cost of potential mismatch between the task-specific decision process and real-world processes that generate the target behaviors, such that asking more questions can reduce external validity. The authors used mouse and eye tracking to trace decision processes in time preference measurement and conjoint choice tasks. Respondents increasingly relied on task-specific decision processes as more questions were asked, leading to reduced external validity for both related tasks and real-world behaviors. Importantly, the external validity of measured preferences peaked after as few as seven questions in both types of tasks. When measuring preferences, less can be more.
Time in Grief: How do Bereaved Parents Mentalize It?
Authors: Janusz Bernadetta , Jurek Joanna , Dejko-Wańczyk Karolina
Published: December 2021

In this multimethod study, we examine bereaved parents’ capacity for mentalizing the temporal dimension of their grief. The theoretical assumptions of our study draw on the clinical and anthropological perspectives on the passage of time in grief. Parents’ mentalization of their experience of grief was measured both in the attachment context, using the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and using the narrative Child Loss Interview (CLI). We used thematic analysis to code parents’ mentalizing utterances in order to categorize time-related changes during the grieving process. Parents generally mentalize their grief-related experiences at a lower level of reflective functioning than their general attachment experiences. However, a higher general ability to mentalize contributes to a higher level of RF and greater coherence in mentalizing their grief. Parents experience time in grief through oscillation between the past with the deceased child and a restricted form of existence in the present reality.
Divergent Views and Experiences Regarding ‘Completed Life’ and Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Authors: Satalkar Priya , van der Geest Sjaak
Published: December 2021

A small proportion of older people in the Netherlands want to end their lives because they feel their lives to be ‘completed’ and no longer worth living. Currently, there is heated debate over whether or not these people should have the right to euthanasia. Drawing on previous research, we conduct a heuristic analysis of views and experiences of three different ‘parties’ involved in this debate, namely, the older people, their relatives and friends and medical professionals. The views of these three groups tend to be divergent and conflicting, posing a difficult dilemma to decision-makers.
Effects of a Brief Video Intervention on Attitudes Toward Counseling Services
Authors: Park Eun Hye , Lee Sang Min
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the effects of a brief video intervention on attitudes toward counseling services. Two hundred and seventy-seven participants were divided into four groups (anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant, fearful-avoidant, and secure) by their attachment scores. Then, the participants of each group were randomly assigned to three conditions (stigma-reducing, utility-enhancing, and control). A split-plot factorial design was performed to examine the intervention effects. The results indicate that the stigma-reducing video intervention was more effective for the anxious-preoccupied group, whereas the utility-enhancing video intervention was more effective for the dismissive-avoidant group than other groups. These results suggest the importance of implementing strategies tailored to each attachment group.
Examining the Relationships Between Air Pollutants and the Incidence of Acute Aortic Dissection with Electronic Medical Data in a Moderately Polluted Area of Northwest China
Authors: Wang Qingnan , Huang Wei , Kou Bo
Published: December 2021

This paper explored whether air pollutants influenced acute aortic dissection (AAD) incidence in a moderately polluted area. A total of 494 AAD patients’ data from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed. The results showed that AAD had the strongest associations with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on the day before an AAD incident (lag1) and with [Formula: see text] two days before an incident (lag2) in single-pollutant model. In the three-pollutant model, [Formula: see text] was associated with the highest risk of adverse effects (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.53), whereas [Formula: see text] was associated with the lowest risk (RR = .83, 95% CI: .79, .88). Both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were affected by season, and [Formula: see text] was significantly different between heating and non-heating seasons as well. This study revealed significant associations between short-term [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] exposure and daily AAD incidence, showing that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were strong predictors of AAD incidence in a moderately polluted area.
An application of Newton-like algorithm for H∞ proportional–integral–derivative controller synthesis of seesaw-cart system
Authors: Milic Vladimir , Arandia-Kresic Srecko , Lobrovic Mihael
Published: December 2021

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller according to the [Formula: see text] optimality criterion for seesaw-cart system. The equations of dynamics are obtained through modelling a seesaw-cart system actuated by direct-current motor via rack and pinion mechanism using the Euler–Lagrange approach. The obtained model is linearised and synthesis of the PID controller for linear model is performed. An algorithm based on the sub-gradient method, the Newton method, the self-adapting backpropagation algorithm and the Adams method is proposed to calculate the PID controller gains. The proposed control strategy is tested and compared with standard linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based method on computer simulations and experimentally on a laboratory model.
Optimal tuning of a PID controller using a wound healing algorithm based on the clonal selection principle
Authors: Çınar Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Control strategies for uncertainties or nonlinear effects need to be developed for control systems. Optimization algorithms developed with the rapid development of computer technology are frequently used to improve the steady-state response with the help of the ambiguous mathematical characteristics or nonlinearity of control systems. In this study, an optimum proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller was designed using the wound healing algorithm based on the clonal selection principle. The proposed algorithm is applied in self-tuning a PID controller in the ball and hoop system which represents a system of complex industrial processes. In order to adjust the PID parameters with the aid of the developed algorithm, an integral absolute error (IAE) has been chosen as the objective function. Thus, the system reached the optimum solution quickly and time was saved. The advantages of the proposed algorithm have been proved by comparing the obtained results with other algorithms. To succeed this, a programme was written in the MATLAB GUI environment.
Trapezius fasciocutaneous flap for burn reconstruction
Authors: Nasrollahi Tasha , Borrelli Michela , Salehi Katrin , Hopp Martin L. , Alessi David
Published: December 2021

This case involves a 30-year-old female who suffered extensive facial burns as an outcome of a horrific assault. The patient subsequently underwent 2 surgeries with the ultimate goal of reducing the cosmetic, physical, and thus mental burden the assault caused. The technique of choice was the novel trapezius fasciocutaneous flap for burn reconstruction of the neck. It is discussed that while this technique is still deemed a novel procedure, its unique characteristics make it an excellent choice for cases similar to this one. While this approach has not been widely popularized in the treatment of patients with burn contracture requiring reconstruction, the donor site characteristics and ideal functionality make the trapezius fasciocutaneous flap such an excellent choice. This particular type of graft yields a hidden donor site, contains rich vascularity with physical qualities similar to those of facial skin, specifically in regard to thickness, color, and texture, and ultimately produces the most ideal cometic outcome. Further, the wide arc of rotation unique to this flap allows for better manipulation and mobility at the transplanted location. While the anatomic implications are very relevant to head and neck surgery, this method also produces exemplary cosmetic outcomes when compared to other graft procedures.
One Pipeline and Two Impact Assessments: Coproduction, Legal Pluralism, and the Trans Mountain Expansion Project
Authors: Stewart Ian G. , Harding Moira E.
Published: December 2021

Canada’s Trans Mountain Expansion Pipeline project is one of the country’s most controversial in recent history. At the heart of the controversy lie questions about how to conduct impact assessments (IAs) of oil spills in marine and coastal ecosystems. This paper offers an analysis of two such IAs: one carried out by Canada through its National Energy Board and the other by Tsleil-Waututh Nation, whose unceded ancestral territory encompasses the last twenty-eight kilometers of the project’s terminus in the Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. The comparison is informed by a science and technology studies approach to coproduction, displaying the close relationship between IA law and applied scientific practice on both sides of the dispute. By attending to differing perspectives on concepts central to IA such as significance and mitigation, this case study illustrates how coproduction supports legal pluralism’s attention to diverse forms of world making inherent in IA. We close by reflecting on how such attention is relevant to Canada’s ongoing commitments, including those under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Factors Influencing Intention to Technological Use in Older Adults. The TAM Model Aplication
Authors: Martín-García Antonio V. , Redolat Rosa , Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento
Published: December 2021

The use of digital technology by older adults has improved in recent years in response to the need for their functional adaptation to an increasingly technological social context. Understanding this type of technological adaptation has recently become an important field of inquiry in both social and gerontological studies. Working within this framework, the aim of this study is to identify the main determinants that influence the intention of older people to use digital technology in their daily lives, using the Technological Acceptance Model. A study was carried out with the participation of 1155 people over 65 years of age in Spain. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structural equation models (SEM) were performed. The results show that the TAM is a useful model to explain the intention of older adults to use Digital Technology, showing a high predictive power, highlighting Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use as the main predictor variables.
From Piggy Banks to Significant Others: Associations Between Financial Socialization and Romantic Relationship Flourishing in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: LeBaron-Black Ashley B. , Saxey Matthew T. , Driggs Toby M. , Curran Melissa A.
Published: December 2021

While a plethora of research has found that parent financial socialization during childhood and adolescence is linked with financial outcomes in emerging adulthood, recent literature suggests that financial socialization may also impact romantic relationship outcomes in emerging adulthood. Utilizing a sample of 1,950 U.S. emerging adults, we test whether retrospectively recalled parent financial socialization is associated with romantic relationship flourishing and whether this association is mediated by financial behaviors and financial distress. We found that financial socialization was positively associated with financial behaviors and relationship flourishing and was negatively associated with financial distress. Further, financial behaviors partially mediated the association between financial socialization and relationship flourishing, while financial distress did not mediate the association. Together with previous literature, these findings provide useful information for therapists and educators in their pursuit to promote robust parent financial socialization in childhood and adolescence and both financial and relational well-being in emerging adulthood.
Relationship Beliefs and Communication Skills in Turkish Married Individuals: Examining the Mediating Role of Partner Accommodation Behavior and Emotional Dependency
Authors: Yıldız-Önal Yelda , Uçar Semra
Published: December 2021

In this study, the mediating role of partner accommodation behavior and emotional dependency in the relationship between relationship beliefs and communication skills was investigated. The study was carried out with 400 married participants. The results of the multiple analysis revealed that relationship belief, emotional dependency, and partner accommodation behavior had an 11.20% variance in communication skills. Relationship belief was associated with lower partner accommodation behavior and greater emotional dependency. Further analysis revealed that communication skills were significantly predicted by partner accommodation behavior but not predicted by emotional dependency. Additionally, the indirect effect of relationship belief on communication skills through partner accommodation behavior was significant. As a result, it has been achieved that partner accommodation behavior has a partial mediating role between the relationship beliefs and communication skills of married individuals. Possible explanations and the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
Trends in HPV Testing for Patients With Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A National Analysis
Authors: Tseng Christopher C. , Gao Jeff , Barinsky Gregory L. , Fang Christina H. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Grube Jordon G. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: December 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to analyze national trends in human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for patients diagnosed with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).

Study Design

Retrospective database study.

Setting

National Cancer Database (2010‐2016).

Methods

Cases from 2010 to 2016 with a primary SNSCC diagnosis and known HPV testing status were extracted from the National Cancer Database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed to assess differences in socioeconomic, hospital, and tumor characteristics between tested and nontested patients.

Results

A total of 2308 SNSCC cases were collected, with 1210 (52.4%) HPV tested and 1098 (47.6%) not tested. On univariate analyses, patient age, insurance, income quartile, population density, treatment facility location, and tumor grade were significantly associated with HPV testing status. After multivariate logistic regression modeling, living in a suburban area had lower odds of HPV testing as compared with living in urban areas (odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55‐0.99]; P =. 041), while tumor grade III/IV had higher odds than grade I (odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.29‐2.33]; P <. 001). HPV‐tested patients had a similar 5‐year overall survival to nontested patients (48.3% vs 45.3%, log‐rank P =. 405). A sharp increase in HPV testing rates was observed after 2010 (P <. 001).

Conclusion

Among patients with SNSCC, those with high‐grade tumors were more likely to be tested for HPV, while patients with a suburban area of residence were less likely. Additionally, there was no significant survival benefit to HPV testing, with tested and nontested groups having similar overall survival.

Level of evidence

4.