bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Water Supply, Sanitation And Hygiene (Wash) Among Residents In Arsi Nagele Town, South Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mako Getachew Meka , Gelanh Yordanos Kinfe , Mamo Bucho Yetera
Published: September 2019

Background The national water coverage has been in increasing trend. However, unsafe water supply and poor sanitation practice was the major health concern which is causing diseases with considerable morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia.Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Arsi Nagele town inhabitants on water supply, sanitation and hygiene at household level.Method Community-based cross sectional study design was used at household level in Arsi Nagele town in April, 2019. Data was collected with structured questionnaires through face to face interview. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software.Result Four out of ten (43.8%) respondents know private taps are safe for drinking and domestic use while 116(40.4%) shared taps are safe. Moreover, 31(10.5%) know hand pump are safe and 16(5..3%) know unprotected well are safe for any domestic purpose. The majority of the respondents 260(90.5%) had positive attitude whereas 21 (7.1%) of the respondents negative and 8(2.5%) neutral attitude to the issue that in proper disposal of solid and liquid waste may contribute to the transmission of disease. While 241 (83.9%) of the respondent had positive attitude while 32(10.8%) and 16(5.2%) of the respondents had negative and neutral attitude to the view that human waste disposal is not a problem in that area. Conclusion The majority of respondent 250(87.1%) had good practice in case of cover the water storage container during the time of visit while 39(12.9%) of the respondent had bad practice. This calls urgent action to creat awareness on health education and hygiene household be promoted to influence the resident’s attitude that target personal, household and community hygiene and sanitation.
Reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among youths in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017.
Authors: Fikre Rekiku , Soresa Masresha
Published: September 2019

Objective Youth make significant proportion of the population in Ethiopian. They have unique health related needs and wellbeing as they transition from childhood to adulthood. As a result they are involved to a variety of risky sexual behavior and face a lot of challenges. However, utilization of reproductive health service among youth is still low .Therefore the objective of this study was assessing reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among youths in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. Results Prevalence of reproductive health service utilization among youth was 34% (95%CI: 17.2-29.1). Predicator for utilization of reproductive health service among youth were, peer educators [AOR = 3.12, 95 % CI (5.76, 8.3)] youth club [AOR = 2.78,95 % CI (3.67, 9.11)], school min-media [AOR = 1.79, 95 % CI (1.00, 3.19) and approach of providers [AOR = 4.11, 95 % CI (5.54, 11.23)] were associated with utilization of reproductive health service.
Household food security and associated factors among Adult people living with HIV/AIDS attending ART clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia 2018.
Authors: FIKRE REKIKU , habtwelde Tamirayehu Seyoum
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective
Food security and adequate nutrition are fundamental to HIV treatment. There is emerging evidence that patients who begin ART without adequate nutrition have lower survival rates. The relationship between HIV epidemic and food security situation in Ethiopia is complex. Hence, it is likely that the epidemic will contribute to worsening widespread food insecurity. The aim of study was to assess the level of food security and associated factors among adult people living with HIV /AIDS attending ART Clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa city Administration 2018.
Results: Based on food security assessment core module scale 360 (67.3%) people living with HIV/AIDS were food insecure. People living with HIV/AIDS who disclose HIV status were 3.9 (AOR=3.902, 95% CI (1.238, 12.301) times more likely to be food secured compared with their counterparts. Subjects with Low Dietary diversity were 4.69 times less likely to be food secured than those with high dietary diversity AOR=4.696, 95% CI (1.536, 14.356).
Key words: Food security, disclosures, Household size, Hawassa town.
A Modified Decision Making e-Delphi Study of Canadian Schools of Nursing Academic Leaders’ Perceptions of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Degree as Educational Preparation for Nursing Faculty
Authors: Ahlquist Elijah John , Petrucka Pammla , Bassendowski Sandra , Dahl Diane
Published: September 2019

Objective A shortage of doctorally prepared nursing educators is a significant challenge for Canadian undergraduate nursing education. Given the propensity for Canadian nurses to pursue doctoral education in the United States of America (USA), coupled with the extant nursing faculty shortages, the emergence of the American Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree is a potential alternative to the traditional PhD degree. The aim of this modified e-Delphi study is to explore perceptions of this degree as educational preparation for a faculty role. To this end, the research questions explore the key attributes in the selection of nursing faculty, the impact of tenure and promotion on faculty possessing practice-based terminal degrees, and the potential academic role for DNP-prepared faculty within the Canadian context. Results The findings suggest that research ability is an essential attribute for a faculty role, especially in a university setting, because of the emphasis placed on it within systems of tenure. An unexpected finding is the desire to recognize alternate forms of scholarship within systems of tenure. The participants also expressed that DNP-prepared faculty are suited to teaching track positions. On this basis, further research should be undertaken to expand on the findings of this exploratory study.
Iron deficiency among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Udho Samson , Nankumbi Joyce , Namutebi Mariam , Ndeezi Grace , Epuitai Joshua , Tumwine James K.
Published: September 2019

Background Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia among pregnant women in Uganda. However, due to the high cost of biochemical tests required to determine iron deficiency, the prevalence and factors associated with iron deficiency remain largely unstudied in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Lira District-Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Maternal serum ferritin was used as a measure of iron deficiency and was determined using a Cobas 6000 Automated Analyzer. Iron deficiency was based on serum ferritin of <30 μg/L. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the associated factors.Results The prevalence of iron deficiency was 45%. Non-adherence to iron supplements (AOR: 2.05 95% CI: 1.02-4.12) & third trimester pregnancy (AOR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.20-2.94) were significantly associated with iron deficiency during pregnancy.Conclusion Nearly 5 in 10 of the participants had iron deficiency. Iron deficiency during pregnancy was associated with non-adherence to iron supplements and being in the third trimester of pregnancy. Midwives should encourage pregnant women to adhere to iron supplements during pregnancy especially pregnant women who are in the third trimester.
LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression in hormone-redox-cell wall network
Authors: Xue Lingzi , Jiang Fangling , Sun Mintao , Wu Zhen , Yu Lu , Yu Qinghui , Tang Yaping
Published: September 2019

Background
Fruit cracking, occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions, is one of the main disorders in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plant have developed a defense mechanisms or regulatory networks in response to abiotic stress. This involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a kind of physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. Previously reported a single or sevel genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these efforts have involved cracking regulatory network.
Results
Here, 0, 8 and 30 h irrigation treatments resulted in differential expression of 1028 mRNAs and 87 lncRNAs in ‘LA1698’ (cracking resistant, CR) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 468 mRNAs and 15 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_0 h, 321 mRNAs and 19 lncRNAs at CR_30 h_vs_CR_8 h; 531 mRNAs and 75 lncRNAs in ‘LA2683’ (cracking susceptible, CS) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 420 mRNAs and 24 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_0 h, 270 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs at CS_30 h_vs_CS_8 h; 339 mRNAs and 64 lncRNAs in the two contrasting tomato genotypes at 0 h, 338 mRNAs and 94 lncRNAs at 8 h, and 369 mRNAs and 77 lncRNAs at 30 h. The GO pathway of the differentially expressed mRNAs are mainly enriched in ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’. In addition, lncRNAs regulated the expression of their neighboring genes and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network that influence tomato cracking.
Conclutions
This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. specifically lncRNAs regulated hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (including auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs (XLOC_010878 and XLOC_016662, ect) .
Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yu Xiaqing , Ottosen Carl-Otto , Zhang Tingling , Wu Zhen , Zhao Tongmin
Published: September 2019

Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.
Reliability and validity of miniscrews as references in cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanner digital models: study on goat heads
Authors: CHEN GUI , JIANG YIRAN
Published: September 2019

Background: Miniscrews have been used to superimpose craniofacial three-dimensional (3D) images or explore stable structures in jaws ,in spite of their artifact. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements on a 3D model of miniscrews from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and an intraoral scanner (IOS).
Methods: Altogether, 64 miniscrews were placed in 12 jaws of goat. Jaws with miniscrews were scanned by CBCT machine at different voxels and IOS. Linear and angular measurements between miniscrews on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS were compared with actual measurements and with each other.
Results: An intraclass correlation of 0.961–1.000 was obtained by each method. Significant overestimations of linear measurements of 0 .2 7 ± 0.24, 0.14 ± 0.22 and 0.15±0.26 mm, and non-significant differences of 0.11±1.97 °, 0.15±2.79° and 0.41±2.34°, were observed on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS, respectively. Equal magnification of linear measurements was on homolateral and contralateral sides using CBCT, whereas significantly greater magnification on the homolateral side than on the opposite was observed using the IOS. No significant difference was observed among three digital models on angular measurements.
Conclusions: Miniscrews in CBCT and IOSs seem reliable and valid as reference measuring tooth movement. However, when miniscrews are involved in high precision measurement in CBCT or IOS image, the systematic error should be taken into consideration. Same voxels of CBCT images are recommended for miniscrew related measurements to reduce the type of error source.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramezani Mazaher , Zavattaro Elisa , Sadeghi Masoud
Published: September 2019

Background : Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder, impacted by both genetic and environmental factors. Herein, a meta-analysis assessed the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion ( ACE I/D) polymorphism and psoriasis susceptibility. Methods : A systematic search was used in databases of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to January 2019 without language restriction. A dichotomous analysis was carried out by RevMan 5.3 using crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and the risk of psoriasis. A funnel plot analysis was used by CMA 2.0 to estimate a significant existence of publication bias. Results : Out of 61 studies retrieved from the databases, 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs for models of D vs. I, DD vs. II, ID vs. II, ID + DD vs. II, and DD vs. II + ID genotypes were 0.96 [95%CI: 0.82, 1.12; P=0.58], 0.99 [95%CI: 0.73, 1.36; P=0.96], 0.78 [95%CI: 0.62, 0.91; P=0.0003], 0.91 [95%CI: 0.73, 1.13; P=0.40], and 1.05 [95%CI: 0.85, 1.30; P=0.68], respectively. A significant difference between ACE polymorphisms in patients with/without family history for the disease [OR=1.44; 95%CI: 1.24, 1.67; P<0.001] and also in patients mild/severe psoriasis [OR=0.70; 95%CI: 0.55, 0.88; P=0.002] was identified. Conclusion : The results of the meta-analysis showed that ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with psoriasis susceptibility, while ID genotype seemed to have a protective role in Caucasian patients affected by psoriatic arthritis and in studies with hospital-based controls.
Association of ABO Polymorphisms and Cancer/Cardiocerebrovascular Disease: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanxia , Liu Luyang , Huang Yubei , Zheng Hong , Li Lian
Published: September 2019

Background: ABO gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of multiple cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. However, the results remained controversial. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between two SNPs (rs505922 and rs657152) in ABO gene and cancers/cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Method: All eligible case-control studies come from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to Jan. 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the corresponding associations. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias assessment, and heterogeneity test were performed using STATA 12.0. Results: A total of eighteen articles involving twenty-nine case-control populations were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eleven populations (16,929 cases and 23,941 controls) were used to evaluate the relationship between rs505922 and overall cancers and nine populations (22,275 cases and 71,549 controls) were included to assess the association between rs505922 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The results showed a significant association between the rs505922 polymorphism and cancers (CvsT: OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.22, P=0.003), and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.19-1.57, P<0.001). Four populations (5,158 cases and 7,021 controls) were included to evaluate association between rs657152 and cancers and five populations (8,105 cases and 6,712 controls) were included to estimate the relationship between rs657152 and cardiocerebrovascular diseases. The result of meta-analysis reveals that rs657152 was significantly associated with cancers (OR=1.16, 95%CI=1.09-1.24, P<0.001) and cardiocerebrovascular diseases (OR=1.54, 95%CI=1.24-1.92, P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study suggested that ABO polymorphisms may serve as a risk factor of cancers and cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
A retrospective genomic analysis of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in a high-burden setting, with an emphasis on comparative diagnostics and reactivation and reinfection status
Authors: Wollenberg Kurt , Harris Michael , Gabrielian Andrei , Ciobanu Nelly , Chesov Dumitru , Long Alyssa , Taaffe Jessica , Hurt Darrell , Rosenthal Alex , Tartakovsky Michael , Crudu Valeriu
Published: September 2019

Background Recurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) after treatment occurs through relapse of the initial infection or reinfection by a new strain. Outbreaks of DR-TB in high burden regions present unique obstacles in determining recurrence status for effective disease management and treatment. In the Republic of Moldova the burden of DR-TB is exceptionally high, with many cases presenting as recurrent.Methods To understand the genomic basis of this epidemic and its effect on determining of the causes of recurrence we performed a retrospective analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes from 278 isolates collected from 190 patients, including 87 patients with longitudinal samples. These pathogen genomes were sequenced using Illumina technology, and SNP panels were generated for each sample for use in phylogenetic and network analysis. Discordance between genomic resistance profiles and clinical drug-resistance test results was examined to assess levels of mixed infection.Results Widespread evidence of person-to-person transmission of DR-TB was found among lineages represented. Analysis of longitudinally collected isolates revealed that many infections exhibited little change over time, though 35 patients demonstrated reinfection by divergent lineages. Additionally, several same-lineage sample pairs were found to be more divergent than expected for a relapsed infection. Network analysis of the H3/4.2.1 lineage found very close relationships among 61 of these samples, making differentiation of reactivation and reinfection difficult. There was discordance between genomic profile and clinical drug sensitivity test results in several samples, suggesting low-level mixed infections.Conclusions Whole-genome sequencing provided a detailed view of the genealogical structure of the DR-TB epidemic in Moldova, showing that reinfection may be more prevalent than currently recognized. We also found increased evidence of mixed infection, which could be more robustly characterized with deeper levels of genomic sequencing.
Analysis of the genetic diversity in TLR4 3'-untranslated region among Asian populations and the biological effects of altofrequent SNPs
Authors: Chen Guodong , Yang Luhan , Zhang Yun , Jiao Yang , Guo Hao , Zheng Bingrong
Published: September 2019

Background: Numerous case-control studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in the TLR4 3'-untranslated region (UTR) are associated with multiple inflammatory disorders in various populations, particularly in Asians. However, the distribution frequency of polymorphisms in different Asian races and its effects on TLR4 expression remain unclear. Here, we extracted variants from the 1000 Genomes project database and analyzed the SNPs and haplotypes genetic diversity of TLR4 3'-UTR in 10 Asian populations, and then assessed the biological effects of the altofrequent polymorphic loci on TLR4 expression by luciferase assay.

Results: Total 6 SNPs were identified as true polymorphic loci with minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ≥ 1% in Asian populations, including rs41426344, rs7869402, rs11536889, rs7873784, rs11536891, and rs11536896. Considering 4 Tag SNPs, we inferred 5 haplotypes that present a Asiatic frequency higher than 1%. It is noteworthy that rs41426344 is unique to East Asian populations, and the H-5 haplotype frequency was reduced when analyzing pooled data from East and South Asian populations. The MAFs of rs7869402 and rs11536889, and H-2 and H-4 frequencies significantly differed between the populations (P < 0.001). We constructed a pGL3-3494-3UTR luciferase plasmid to simulate TLR4 gene structure in vivo, and used PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis to construct a series of mutant luciferase constructs corresponding to the six SNPs. In addition, we identified that TLR4 mRNA was selectively expressed in SiHa and THP-1 cell lines, but not in C33A, Hela, and 293T cell lines. The luciferase activity of constructs containing rs7869402 T allele and rs11536889 C allele increased significantly upon LPS or IL-6 stimulation in THP-1 and SiHa cells.

Conclusions: The distributions of SNPs and haplotypes in TLR4 3'-UTR were significantly different among Asian populations. The biological effects of rs7869402 and rs11536889 on TLR4 are significant clues that revealing its critical role in harmful TLR4-mediated responses. These results provided a reminder for future investigation on TLR4 related inflammatory diseases susceptibility.
Relationship between amino acid sequence diversity and antimicrobial activity of Japanese quail cathelicidins
Authors: Ishige Taichiro , HARA Hiromi , HIRANO Takashi , KONO Tomohiro , HANZAWA Kei
Published: September 2019

Background
Japanese quail is a low-fat, meat-bird species exhibiting high disease resistance. Cathelicidins (CATHs) are host defense peptides conserved across numerous vertebrate species that play an important role in innate immunity. The activity of host defense peptides can be affected by amino acid substitutions. However, no polymorphisms in avian CATH genes have been reported to date. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect on antimicrobial activity of polymorphisms in CATHs.

Results
DNA for genomic analyses was extracted from the peripheral blood of 99 randomly selected quail from 6 inbred lines. A total of six, four, four, and six CjCATH3 , CjCATH2 , CjCATHB1 , and CjCATH1 alleles were identified, respectively. Nine haplotypes, including four that were strain specific, were identified in alleles from the CjCATH3 , CjCATH2 , CjCATHB1 , and CjCATH1 loci. In addition, two and one amino acid substitutions (I145F, Q148H, and P245H) predicted by PROVEAN and PolyPhen-2 to have deleterious effects were detected at CjCATH2 and B1, respectively. Synthetic CjCATH2 and B1 peptides exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli than chicken CATH2 and B1, respectively. Furthermore, CjCATHB1*04 peptide exhibited less-potent antimicrobial activity than other CjCATHB1 peptides examined.

Conclusions
This is the first report of amino acid substitutions accompanied by changes in antibacterial activity in avian CATHs. These findings could be employed as indicators of improvements in the innate immune response in poultry.
Depression among Physicians that are Mothers in Mexico: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Mariscal Karen Rosales , Valle Cipatli Ayuzo Del , Villegas-Pichardo Luz Odette , Salceda Alejandra Huante
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE : Common mental disorders are prevalent in medical doctors, especially in female. In Mexico, there are many studies showing that medical students and residents present a higher frequency of depression compared to the general population, however there are no studies in medical doctors at a later stage. A questionnaire was sent in an online forum for physicians that are mothers based in Mexico with the objective of estimating the point prevalence of depression among this group. The questionnaire included the Hospital and Anxiety Scale (HAD-S) which assess symptoms of depression. A cut-off score of ≥8 or use of antidepressants was used to define depression.

RESULTS : A total of 1170 physicians that are mothers were included in this study. The point prevalence of depression was 10.9%. The group that had depression smoked more and took more sleeping pills that the group that did not present symptoms of depression. The point prevalence of symptoms of depression in this group of physician in Mexico was estimated to be of 10.9%, which is similar to what is seen in the general population but lower than the estimates for medical interns and residents.
Resistance of Nicotiana tabacum to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae Race 0 Is Enhanced by the Addition of N. plumbaginifolia Chromosome 9 with a Slight Effect on Host Genomic Expression
Authors: Dang Jiangbo , Wang Jinying , Yang Yao , Shang Wei , Guo Qigao , Liang Guolu
Published: September 2019

Black shank is a devastating disease in tobacco production worldwide, and resistance to this disease in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. tobacco is controlled by the Php gene. The position of the Php gene on chromosomes of N. plumbaginifolia remains unclear. The tobacco line TP‐1, which was derived from N. tabacum L. cv. Yunyan87 and N. plumbaginifolia, was used in the present study to help locate the Php gene on the N. plumbaginifolia chromosomes and understand the effects of the N. plumbaginifolia chromosome addition on the genomic expression of N. tabacum. An in vitro infection test verified that TP‐1 was as resistant to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae race 0 as N. plumbaginifolia and more resistant than Yunyan87. According to cytogenetic analysis, TP‐1 was identified as a monosomic alien addition line and the alien chromosome was recognized as the ninth chromosome of N. plumbaginifolia through. Thus, the P. parasitica var. nicotianae race 0 resistance gene might be Php on chromosome 9 of N. plumbaginifolia. A superficial transcriptomic analysis showed that addition of the alien chromosome slightly affected the genomic expression of the host, with only 3.32% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between TP‐1 and Yunyan87. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, most (9/13) genes classified as involved in plant–pathogen reactions, particularly five serine/threonine‐protein kinase genes, were upregulated in TP‐1. It is worth noting that flavonoid biosynthesis may be greatly downregulated in TP‐1: two genes were both downregulated in TP‐1 according to gene ontology analysis, and all 20 DEGs in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were downregulated in TP‐1 according to KEGG analysis.
A Pedotransfer Function for Field‐Scale Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Small Watershed
Authors: Picciafuoco Tommaso , Morbidelli Renato , Flammini Alessia , Saltalippi Carla , Corradini Corrado , Strauss Peter , Blöschl Günter
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

Measurements of field‐scale saturated hydraulic conductivity () were performed.

Two pedotransfer functions for field‐scale  were developed.

A map of field‐scale  at catchment scale was obtained using two approaches.

Classical experimental techniques to determine point values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are complex and time consuming; therefore, the development of pedotransfer functions, PTFs, to derive Ks from easily available soil properties is of great importance. However, PTFs have been generally developed at the local scale, while hydrological modeling requires Ks estimates at larger scales. A small Austrian catchment, where detailed soil characteristics were available, was selected to address this issue. Values of field‐scale saturated hydraulic conductivity (), observed in a number of catchment areas by double‐ring infiltrometers, were used to develop two PTFs, one by multiple linear regression (PTFMLR) and one by ridge regression (PTFR). Training and validation of the PTFs in the monitored areas indicate that the PTFR provides better outcomes with smaller average errors. This suggests that the ridge regression is a valid alternative to the classical multiple linear regression technique. Predictions of  by the PTFs in the remaining areas, where infiltration measurements were not performed, were also made to obtain a map of  for the whole catchment. Two alternative approaches were used: Method A—soil properties were first interpolated and then the PTFs applied; Method B—the PTFs were first applied to sites with available soil properties and then interpolated. The maps of  obtained by the PTFMLR are not representative of the  spatial variability. On the other hand, the map generated by the PTFR with Method A is consistent with catchment morphology and soil characteristics.
Antibacterial Activity of Melia azedarach Leaves against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Mwale Charlene , Makunike Kuda Nelia , Mangoyi Rumbidzai
Published: September 2019

Antimicrobial drug resistance is increasingly becoming an important global problem.  Among the major causes for concern is drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi, which have become resistant to at least one antibiotic.  This challenge has lead scientists to investigate plants as potential sources of antimicrobial agents since they have been used to treat diseases long before the discovery of antibiotics.  In Zimbabwe, typhoid is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity due to poor sanitation and poor treatment regimes.  Traditionalists are using Melia azedarach leaves for the treatment of diarrhea, a typhoid symptom.  Thus, this study focused on validating the use of M. azedarach leaves for medicinal purposes by determining their antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae and S.typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever.  Melia azedarach leaf constituents were extracted using ethanol, ethylacetate, hexane, dichloromethane and methanol.  Their antibacterial activities were assessed using the agar disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays.  Haemolysis assay was carried out to determine the toxicity of the potent extracts.  The ethanol and hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. typhi whilst dichloromethane and hexane extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae.  Minimum inhibitory concentrations for ethanol and hexane against S. typhi were < 1 µg/ml and 15.6 µg/ml respectively, whilst their minimum bactericidal concentrations were 31.25 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml.  The MICs for dichloromethane and hexane extracts against S. pneumoniae were 31.25 µg/ml and 62.5 µg/ml respectively, whilst their MBCs were 31.25 µg/ml and 125 µg/ml.  The extracts ethanol, hexane and dichloromethane had haemolytic activity of 63 %, 62 % and 59 % respectively.  Therefore, these results validate the use of M. azedarach leaves for medicinal purposes.  However, these leaves may be toxic to human consumption, thus there is need for further investigation on their toxicity in vivo.
Phytochemical Status of Different Solvent Extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev Leaves
Authors: Popoola Oluwaseyi
Published: September 2019

The choice of suitable solvent is essential in the extraction of much needed bioactive phytochemicals present in medicinal plants. This study assessed the phytochemical status of four solvents (methanol, hexane, ethylacetate and aqueous) extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis, leaves of the plants were extracted with the solvents by cold maceration for three days; screening and quantitative determination of saponin, alkaloid, tannin, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids phenols and terpenoids was done using standard methods. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of all the phytocompound in the methanol extract, while other extracts shows variation in the availability of different phytochemicals, quantitative results shows alkaloid ranged from 1.79-18.90 mg/100g, flavonoids: 2.54-10.53 mg/100g, saponin: 2.00-12.23 mg/100g, tannin: ND-4.83 mg/100g, phenol: ND-6.65 mg/100g, cardiac glycoside: ND-2.08 mg/100g, and terpenoids: ND-1.98 mg/100g; significant difference (p<0.05) exist in each phytochemicals across the solvents where methanol and the aqueous extracts gave the best extraction efficiency for the phytochemicals. Consequently, the optimum extraction of useful phytochemicals from A. djalonensis could be achieved using either methanol and water.
Invariants of winding-numbers and steric obstruction in dynamics of flux lines
Authors: CEPAS Olivier , Akhmetiev Peter M.
Published: September 2019

We classify the sectors of configurations that result from the
dynamics of 2d crossing flux lines, which are the simplest degrees of
freedom of the 3-coloring lattice model. We show that the dynamical
obstruction is the consequence of two effects: (i) conservation laws
described by a set of invariants that are polynomials of the winding
numbers of the loop configuration, (ii) steric obstruction that prevents
paths between configurations, for lack of free space. We argue that the
invariants fully classify the configurations in five, chiral and
achiral, sectors and no further obstruction in the limit of low-winding
numbers.
IMPLEMENTASI BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF ESTEEM PASIEN PENYAKIT TERMINAL DI KELOMPOK DUKUNGAN SEBAYA (KDS) RSUP DR. KARIADI SEMARANG
Authors: Hidayanti Ema
Published: September 2019

HIV / AIDS patients experience complex problems both physically, psychologically, socially, and spiritually. Psychosocial problems experienced include depression, anxiety, despair, and worry, and affect the destruction of social life such as isolating themselves and getting stigmatized. These various problems make HIV / AIDS patients feel useless and worthless. In dealing with psychological problems such as low self-esteem, HIV / AIDS patients desperately need social support from both partners, parents, children, friends, counselors and health teams. Unfortunately during this time the expected social support, rarely HIV / AIDS patients were found, including from their own families. To facilitate these needs, hospitals that become a reference center for HIV / AIDS patients form Peer Support Groups (PSG). PSG  activities include group guidance and peer counseling for HIV / AIDS patients. These activities provide opportunities for HIV / AIDS patients to increase knowledge about their illness, exchange experiences with each other, even help each other solve problems. The various positive benefits of peer support groups in turn can increase the self-esteem of HIV / AIDS patients.

 

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Pasien HIV/AIDS mengalami problem yang kompleks baik fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual. Problem psikososial yang dialami antara lain depresi, cemas,  putus asa, dan khawatir, serta berpengaruh pada rusaknya kehidupan sosial seperti mengisolasikan diri dan mendapat stigmatisasi. Berbagai masalah tersebut membuat ODHA merasa tidak berguna dan tidak berharga. Dalam menghadapi problem psikologis seperti rendahnya harga diri, ODHA sangat membutuhkan dukungan sosial baik dari pasangan, orang tua, anak, teman, konselor dan tim kesehatan. Sayangnya selama ini dukungan sosial yang diharapkan tersebut, jarang ODHA didapatkan termasuk dari keluarganya sendiri. Untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan tersebut, rumah sakit yang menjadi pusat rujukan bagi ODHA membentuk Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya (KDS). Kegiatan KDS diantaranya  bimbingan kelompok dan konseling sebaya bagi ODHA. Kegiatan tersebut memberikan peluang bagi ODHA untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang sakitnya, bertukar pengalaman dengan sesamanya, bahkan saling membantu memecahkan masalah. Berbagai manfaat positif KDS tersebut pada gilirannya mampu meningkatkan harga diri ODHA.
DISTANCIA DE LOS DELINCUENTES Y REINCIDENTES A LOS EQUIPAMIENTOS Y ESTACIONES FÉRREAS EN BARCELONA
Authors: Suberviola Enrique Viana
Published: September 2019

El estudio de la reincidencia es relativamente nuevo dentro del ámbito de la geografía. Así como los estudios sobre la localización espacial del delito son cada vez más frecuentes, los estudios sobre la influencia del entorno en la delincuencia y la reincidencia criminal son todavía escasos y su divulgación en los medios académicos es, todavía, restringido. Es por este motivo que la realización de este proyecto reviste una especial significancia. La realización del presente estudio tiene como objeto proporcionar un valioso conocimiento sobre cuáles son los posibles factores ambientales que pueden influir en que un individuo sea propenso a delinquir. Entre estos factores se hallan los equipamientos y su cercanía a ellos, los cuales son elementos determinantes a la hora de explicar la maor o menor concentración delictiva en un área.
AGRONEGÓCIO EM MOÇAMBIQUE: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DA SITUAÇÃO DE ESTRANGEIRIZAÇÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO
Authors: Rosário Nelson Maria
Published: September 2019

Moçambique possui um elevado potencial agrícola, as condições agro-climáticas são ideais,com  36 milhões de ha de terra arável, clima tropical e subtropical com solos férteis e precipitação abundante e os principais rios oferecem enorme potencial de irrigação. O setor agrícola é ainda dominado pelo subsetor familiar que representa cerca de 90% da área cultivada. Este subsetor está fortemente dependente de técnicas rudimentares e culturas onde a irrigação depende exclusivamente da chuva, resultando deste modo em baixos rendimentos. Hoje, muitas explorações de grande dimensão têm sido revitalizadas através de investimentos estrangeiros e através de companhias de empresas em joint-venture e não só. E um dos grandes exemplos sobre o investimento estrangeiro no agronegócio moçambicano é a expansão do agronegócio Brasileiro para Moçambique, expansão essa feita através do programa Prosavana. O Prosavana é uma iniciativa tripartida entre os governos de Moçambique, Brasil e Japão, que tem como finalidade de desenvolver a agricultura ao longo do corredor de Nacala, abrangendo as províncias de Nampula, Niassa e Zambézia. Portanto, o presente estudo faz uma breve análise da estrangerização do agronegócios em Moçambique.  Portanto, o estudo traz um tema da maior importância, qual seja, as limitações da modernização da agricultura de Moçambique e as contradições da influência brasileira sobre o projeto ProSavana.

Palavras Chaves: Moçambique, Agronegócios, estrangerização e Prosavana
TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL E DESIGUALDADES SOCIOESPACIAIS.
Authors: Souza Cecy Meira Rosa de , Souza Cecy Meira Rosa de , Gallo Fabricio
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo propõe abordar questões sobre o setor elétrico nacional, assim como sua ampliação e a interligação do sistema, o chamado de SIN – Sistema Interligado Nacional. Através da análise do setor elétrico, para melhor entender a aplicabilidade e seu uso, fizemos um esforço de analisar o Programa Luz Para Todos (LpT) do Governo Federal que previa, em sua gênese, a universalização do sistema elétrico brasileiro. Apontamos que desde sua implantação, o LpT viabilizou a ampliação das taxas de eletrificação rural nas áreas mais carentes do território nacional e, com isso, potencializou um novo dinamismo econômico local, já que nessas regiões de implantação tem chegado, junto da energia elétrica, uma nova lógica produtiva que estimula pequenas atividades produtivas.
Does the Vitamin D Deficiency Have Any Role in Severity or Prolongation of Seizure? A Pilot Study in Iran
Authors: Vafaee-Shahi Mohammad , Badv Reza S. , Kazemi Alinaghi , Noorbakhsh Samileh , Kamali Koorosh , Teimourtash Shahin , Tahernia Leila
Published: September 2019

Background:

Based on previous studies, vitamin D deficiency could lead to nerve stimulation.
The purpose of the present study was to determine frequency and duration of seizures in children
with idiopathic epilepsy in two groups; normal level of vitamin D versus decreased level of
vitamin D.

Methods:

This pilot, comparative study was carried out in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences on
total 40 children aging between 2 to 12 years old (23 male and 17 female) with the diagnosis of idiopathic
epilepsy. All patients were receiving anti-epileptic drugs. The initial questionnaire was completed
by each parent. Total 40 epileptic cases were examined in close follow-ups every three
months, during total 9 months. Meanwhile, the frequency and duration of each seizure were recorded
in questionnaire at every three-month period. Vitamin D blood samples were analyzed at the beginning
of the study and after 9 months following the study. Serum levels of Vitamin D were analyzed
by ELISA method (Elecsys2010, RocheCo, Germany; STAR FAX; 2100), simultaneously, Vitamin D
level <30 ng/ml (nanogram per milliliter) was defined as Vitamin D deficiency. Cases were divided
into two groups based on Vitamin D level. The frequency and duration of convulsions were compared
in patients with normal level of vitamin D versus children with decreased level of vitamin D.
Data were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test methods.

Results:

In all 40 patients, vitamin D level less than 30 ng/ml was detected in 32% (13 patients) at
the beginning of study and 35% (14 patients) in 9 months later (13 patients were common between
the two groups). There was no significant relationship between the frequency of seizures, the duration
of seizures and vitamin D levels in patients. The relationship between positive family history of
epilepsy and the number of seizures was reported significant. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency
was higher in female cases in final evaluation.

Conclusion:

In the present study, a considerable correlation was detected between the frequency of
seizures and positive history of seizure in the family. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was
higher in female cases in final analysis. No significant relationship was detected between the number
of seizures, the mean duration of seizures and serum level of Vitamin D in children who received anticonvulsant
drugs. However, vitamin D deficiency in patients was not overlooked in order to prevent
known complications. We recommend a randomized clinical trial in the future with an adequate sample
size. Moreover, a non-epileptic control group in study would be useful.
Adaptive Framework for Deep Learning Based Dynamic and Temporal Topic Modeling from Big Data
Authors: Pathak Ajeet R. , Pandey Manjusha , Rautaray Siddharth
Published: September 2019

Background:

The large amount of data emanated from social media platforms need
scalable topic modeling in order to get current trends and themes of events discussed on such platforms.
Topic modeling play crucial role in many natural language processing applications like sentiment
analysis, recommendation systems, event tracking, summarization, etc.

Objective:

The aim of the proposed work is to adaptively extract the dynamically evolving topics
over streaming data, and infer the current trends and get the notion of trend of topics over time. Because
of various world level events, many uncorrelated streaming channels tend to start discussion
on similar topics. We aim to find the effect of uncorrelated streaming channels on topic modeling
when they tend to start discussion on similar topics.

Methods:

An adaptive framework for dynamic and temporal topic modeling using deep learning
has been put forth in this paper. The framework approximates online latent semantic indexing constrained
by regularization on streaming data using adaptive learning method. The framework is designed
using deep layers of feedforward neural network.

Results:

This framework supports dynamic and temporal topic modeling. The proposed approach
is scalable to large collection of data. We have performed exploratory data analysis and correspondence
analysis on real world Twitter dataset. Results state that our approach works well to extract
topic topics associated with a given hashtag. Given the query, the approach is able to extract
both implicit and explicit topics associated with the terms mentioned in the query.

Conclusion:

The proposed approach is a suitable solution for performing topic modeling over Big
Data. We are approximating the Latent Semantic Indexing model with regularization using deep
learning with differentiable ℓ1 regularization, which makes the model work on streaming data
adaptively at real-time. The model also supports the extraction of aspects from sentences based on
interrelation of topics and thus, supports aspect modeling in aspect-based sentiment analysis.
Photochemical Synthesis of Fused Five-membered O-heterocycles
Authors: Kaur Navjeet , Devi Meenu , Verma Yamini , Grewal Pooja , Bhardwaj Pranshu , Ahlawat Neha , Jangid Nirmala Kumari
Published: September 2019

Some transformations are not possible with ground-state reactions even in the presence of a
catalyst, hence they are performed under photochemical conditions. Electron transfer occurs even with
the photochemical excitement of one molecule where redox reaction is not possible at the ground
state. The side products are obtained from ground-state reactions. For C-C bond formation during photochemical
reactions, there is no requirement of any chemical activation of the substrates. Therefore,
these reactions are presented here for the synthesis of fused five-membered O-heterocycles in the context
of sustainable processes from 1964 to 2019.
Compact Ultra-wide-band Bandpass Filter using Square Complimentary Split Ring Resonator
Authors: Singh Inder P. , Bhatt Praveen
Published: September 2019

Background:

In this paper, an ultra-wide-band bandpass filter with large stopband using
interdigital coupled lines and pair of Square Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (SCSRR) is proposed.

Methods:

Interdigital coupled lines give bandpass characteristics and pair of SCSRR provides tuning
of cut off frequencies and transmission zeroes on both side of the passband. In the passband, two
transmission poles are achieved. The tightly coupled structure provides a wide stopband and sharp
skirt response.

Results:

Dielectric constant 2.6 and its thickness of 0.787 mm is used to implement the design. Centre
frequency of the proposed design is 5.1 GHz. Bandwidth at -3 dB is 3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz.

Conclusion:

The proposed structure is simulated in Ansoft HFSS.