bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DUBs in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Authors: Qin Biying , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Feng , Wang Yanfeng
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β protein (Aβ) and the hyper-phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in determining the fate of proteins, and its dysregulation can contribute to the buildup of Aβ and Tau. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), working in conjunction with activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3), actively maintain the delicate balance of protein homeostasis. DUBs specifically remove ubiquitin tags from proteins marked for degradation, thereby averting their proteasomal breakdown. Several DUBs have demonstrated their capacity to regulate the levels of Aβ and Tau by modulating their degree of ubiquitination, underscoring their potential as therapeutic targets for AD. In this context, we present a comprehensive review of AD-associated DUBs and elucidate their physiological roles. Moreover, we delve into the current advancements in developing inhibitors targeting these DUBs, including the determination of cocrystal structures with their respective targets. Additionally, we assess the therapeutic efficacy of these inhibitors in AD, aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for future AD treatments.
IL-1β promotes glutamate excitotoxicity: indications for the link between inflammatory and synaptic vesicle cycle in Ménière’s disease
Authors: Zhang Na , Song Yongdong , Wang Hanyue , Li Xiaofei , Lyu Yafeng , Liu Jiahui , Mu Yurong , Wang Yan , Lu Yao , Li Guorong , Fan Zhaomin , Wang Haibo , Zhang Daogong , Li Na
Published: November 2024

Ménière’s disease (MD) is a complex inner ear disorder characterized by a range of symptoms, with its pathogenesis linked to immune-related mechanisms. Our previous research demonstrated that IL-1β maturation and release can trigger cell pyroptosis, exacerbating the severity of the endolymphatic hydrops in a mouse model; however, the specific mechanism through which IL-1β influences MD symptoms remains unclear. This study conducted on patients with MD examined changes in protein signatures in the vestibular end organs (VO) and endolymphatic sac (ES) using mass spectrometry. Gene ontology and protein pathway analyses showed that differentially expressed proteins in the ES are closely related to adhesion, whereas those in the VO are related to synapse processes. Additionally, the study found elevated expression of Glutaminase (GLS) in the VO of MD patients compared to controls. Further investigations revealed that IL-1β increased glutamate levels by upregulating GLS expression in HEI-OC1 cells. Treatment with a GLS inhibitor or an IL-1β receptor antagonist alleviated auditory-vestibular dysfunction and reduced glutamate levels in mice with endolymphatic hydrops. These findings collectively suggest that imbalanced neurotransmitter release and immune responses contribute to the pathology of MD, potentially explaining the hearing loss and vertigo associated with the disease and offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Did the COVID-19 pandemic impact antibiotic prescribing patterns among dentists?
Authors: Patel Akshani , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2024

Data sources

Patient records from Wits Oral Health Centre were collected over two years (March 2019–March 2021). The records were divided into two groups: pre-COVID-19 (March 2019–March 2020) and COVID-19 (March 2020–March 2021). The total sample size was 698 systematically selected patient records who received antibiotics.

Study selection

A systematic random sampling method was used to select a sample of patients who received prescriptions for antibiotics. Patients were included based on their treatment time and need for antibiotic prescription. Patients whose records were missing information or treated by independent private practitioners for whom records access was not feasible were excluded.

Data extraction and synthesis

The extracted data contained information regarding the patients’ demographics, medical histories, dental condition, dental procedure, antibiotic type, frequency, dosage, duration of use, and prescribers’ disciplines. The information was categorized and captured in Microsoft Excel to analyze and create figures and tables. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared, and z-tests to compare pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 prescription patterns in RStudio.

Results

From an initial pool of 44,067 patient consultations, a systematic random sample of 698 records met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this study. The sample was divided between pre-COVID-19 (n = 350) and COVID-19 (n = 348). A significant increase in antibiotic prescriptions was found during COVID-19 (1571 prescriptions) compared to pre-COVID-19 (1109 prescriptions). The most commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin and metronidazole. Specifically, amoxicillin was used in most cases before and during COVID-19. The combination of amoxicillin with metronidazole increased from 16.6% pre-COVID-19 to 24.4% COVID-19. It was found that many of the antibiotics prescribed from both periods were not clinically indicated (53.1% pre-COVID-19 and 54.3% COVID-19).

Conclusions

The authors concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased antibiotic prescriptions despite fewer in-person consultations. This was likely due to insufficient surgical intervention and reliance on antibiotics to treat dental conditions. The lack of proper antibiotic use raises concerns regarding dental practitioners’ appropriate use of antibiotics. There is an urgent need for improved antibiotic stewardship to prevent the misuse and growing public health issue of antimicrobial resistance.
A framework for conducting GWAS using repeated measures data with an application to childhood BMI
Authors: Burrows Kimberley , Heiskala Anni , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Balkhiyarova Zhanna , Ning Lijiao , Boissel Mathilde , Chan Yee-Ming , Froguel Philippe , Bonnefond Amelie , Hakonarson Hakon , Alves Alexessander Couto , Lawlor Deborah A. , Kaakinen Marika , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Grant Struan F. A. , Tilling Kate , Prokopenko Inga , Sebert Sylvain , Canouil Mickaël , Warrington Nicole M.
Published: November 2024

Genetic effects on changes in human traits over time are understudied and may have important pathophysiological impact. We propose a framework that enables data quality control, implements mixed models to evaluate trajectories of change in traits, and estimates phenotypes to identify age-varying genetic effects in GWAS. Using childhood BMI as an example trait, we included 71,336 participants from six cohorts and estimated the slope and area under the BMI curve within four time periods (infancy, early childhood, late childhood and adolescence) for each participant, in addition to the age and BMI at the adiposity peak and the adiposity rebound. GWAS of the 12 estimated phenotypes identified 28 genome-wide significant variants at 13 loci, one of which (in DAOA) has not been previously associated with childhood or adult BMI. Genetic studies of changes in human traits over time could uncover unique biological mechanisms influencing quantitative traits.
A developmental biliary lineage program cooperates with Wnt activation to promote cell proliferation in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Wu Peng V. , Fish Matt , Hazard Florette K. , Zhu Chunfang , Vennam Sujay , Walton Hannah , Wagh Dhananjay , Coller John , Przybyl Joanna , Morri Maurizio , Neff Norma , West Robert B. , Nusse Roel
Published: November 2024

Cancers evolve not only through the acquisition and clonal transmission of somatic mutations but also by epigenetic mechanisms that modify cell phenotype. Here, we use histology-guided and spatial transcriptomics to characterize hepatoblastoma, a childhood liver cancer that exhibits significant histologic and proliferative heterogeneity despite clonal activating mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Highly proliferative regions with embryonal histology show high expression of Wnt target genes, the embryonic biliary transcription factor SOX4, and striking focal expression of the growth factor FGF19. In patient-derived tumoroids with constitutive Wnt activation, FGF19 is a required growth signal for FGF19-negative cells. Indeed, some tumoroids contain subsets of cells that endogenously express FGF19, downstream of Wnt/β-catenin and SOX4. Thus, the embryonic biliary lineage program cooperates with stabilized nuclear β-catenin, inducing FGF19 as a paracrine growth signal that promotes tumor cell proliferation, together with active Wnt signaling. In this pediatric cancer presumed to originate from a multipotent hepatobiliary progenitor, lineage-driven heterogeneity results in a functional growth advantage, a non-genetic mechanism whereby developmental lineage programs influence tumor evolution.
HOX gene expression in the developing human spine
Authors: Lawrence John E. G. , Roberts Kenny , Tuck Elizabeth , Li Tong , Mamanova Lira , Balogh Petra , Usher Inga , Piapi Alice , Mazin Pavel , Anderson Nathaniel D. , Bolt Liam , Richardson Laura , Prigmore Elena , He Xiaoling , Barker Roger A. , Flanagan Adrienne , Young Matthew D. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Bayraktar Omer , Behjati Sam
Published: November 2024

Positional coding along the anterior-posterior axis is regulated by HOX genes, whose 3’ to 5’ expression correlates with location along this axis. The precise utilisation of HOX genes in different human cell types is not fully understood. Here, we use single-cell and spatial-transcriptomics, along with in-situ sequencing, to create a developmental atlas of the human fetal spine. We analyse HOX gene expression across cell types during development, finding that neural-crest derivatives unexpectedly retain the anatomical HOX code of their origin while also adopting the code of their destination. This trend is confirmed across multiple organs. In the axial plane of the spinal cord, we find distinct patterns in the ventral and dorsal domains, providing insights into motor pool organisation and loss of collinearity in HOXB genes. Our findings shed new light on HOX gene expression in the developing spine, highlighting a HOX gene ‘source code’ in neural-crest cell derivatives.
Data sharing ethics toolkit: The Human Cell Atlas
Authors: Kirby Emily , Bernier Alexander , Guigó Roderic , Wold Barbara , Arzuaga Fabiana , Kusunose Mayumi , Zawati Ma’n , Knoppers Bartha M.
Published: November 2024

Striving to build an exhaustive guidebook of the types and properties of human cells, the Human Cell Atlas’ (HCA) success relies on the sampling of diverse populations, developmental stages, and tissue types. Its open science philosophy preconizes the rapid, seamless sharing of data – as openly as possible. In light of the scope and ambition of such an international initiative, the HCA Ethics Working Group (EWG) has been working to build a solid foundation to address the complexities of data collection and sharing as part of Atlas development. Indeed, a particular challenge of the HCA is the diversity of sampling scenarios (e.g., living participants, deceased donors, pediatric populations, culturally diverse backgrounds, tissues from various developmental stages, etc.), and associated ethical and legal norms, which vary across countries contributing to the effort. Hence, to the extent possible, the EWG set out to provide harmonised, international and interoperable policies and tools, to guide its research community. This paper provides a high-level overview of the types of challenges and approaches proposed by the EWG.
Exploitation of the fibrinolytic system by B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its therapeutic targeting
Authors: Minciacchi Valentina R. , Bravo Jimena , Karantanou Christina , Pereira Raquel S. , Zanetti Costanza , Kumar Rahul , Thomasberger Nathalie , Llavona Pablo , Krack Theresa , Bankov Katrin , Meister Melanie , Hartmann Sylvia , Maguer-Satta Véronique , Lefort Sylvain , Putyrski Mateusz , Ernst Andreas , Huntly Brian J. P. , Meduri Eshwar , Ruf Wolfram , Krause Daniela S.
Published: November 2024

Fibrinolysis influences the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from their bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). Here we show that activation of plasmin, a key fibrinolytic agent, by annexin A2 (ANXA2) distinctly impacts progression of BCR-ABL1+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) via modulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the BMM. The dense ECM in a BMM with decreased plasmin activity entraps insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and reduces mTORC2-dependent signaling and proliferation of B-ALL cells. Conversely, B-ALL conditions the BMM to induce hepatic generation of plasminogen, the plasmin precursor. Treatment with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), which inhibits plasmin activation, reduces tumor burden and prolongs survival, including in xenogeneic models via increased fibronectin in the BMM. Human data confirm that IGF1 and fibronectin staining in trephine biopsies are correlated. Our studies suggest that fibrinolysis-mediated ECM remodeling and subsequent growth factor release influence B-ALL progression and inhibition of this process by EACA may be beneficial as adjunct therapy.
Bias and negative values of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates from a test-negative design without controlling for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wiegand Ryan E. , Fireman Bruce , Najdowski Morgan , Tenforde Mark W. , Link-Gelles Ruth , Ferdinands Jill M.
Published: November 2024

Test-negative designs (TNDs) are used to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE). Protection from infection-induced immunity may confound the association between case and vaccination status, but collecting reliable infection history can be challenging. If vaccinated individuals have less infection-induced protection than unvaccinated individuals, failure to account for infection history could underestimate VE, though the bias is not well understood. We simulated individual-level SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination histories and a TND. VE against symptomatic infection and VE against severe disease estimates unadjusted for infection history underestimated VE compared to estimates adjusted for infection history, and unadjusted estimates were more likely to be below 0%, which could lead to an incorrect interpretation that COVID-19 vaccines are harmful. TNDs assessing VE immediately following vaccine rollout introduced the largest bias and potential for negative VE against symptomatic infection. Despite the potential for bias, VE estimates from TNDs without prior infection information are useful because underestimation is rarely more than 8 percentage points.
Enteric bacterial infection stimulates remodelling of bile metabolites to promote intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Ting , Hasegawa Yuko , Waldor Matthew K.
Published: November 2024

The liver makes bile, an aqueous solution critical for fat absorption, which is secreted into the duodenum. Despite extensive studies on bile salts, other components of bile are less well characterized. Here we used global metabolomic analysis on bile from specific-pathogen-free, germ-free, Citrobacter rodentium-infected or Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice and identified a metabolome of 812 metabolites that were altered by both microbiota and enteric infection. Hepatic transcriptomics identified enteric-infection-triggered pathways that probably underlie bile remodelling. Enteric infection increased levels of four dicarboxylates in bile, including itaconate. Analysis of Acod1−/− mice indicated that increased itaconate also increased tuft cell abundance, altered microbiota composition and function as detected by metagenomic analysis, and modulated host defence, leading to reduced Vibrio cholerae colonization. Our data suggest that enteric-infection-associated signals are relayed between the intestine and liver and induce transcriptional programmes that shape the bile metabolome, modifying the immunomodulatory and host defence functions of bile.
A dataset of venture capitalist types in China (1978–2021): A machine-human hybrid approach
Authors: Chen Jin , Cao Ruining , Song Yifei , Hu Anan , Ding Ying
Published: November 2024

Despite escalating interest in distinguishing among various types of venture capitalists (VCs) and their roles in shaping entrepreneurship and innovation, such research remains sparse in the world’s second-largest VC market, i.e., China. To address this important gap, we have devised a machine-human hybrid approach to perform the classification task for VC types. Specifically, we have compiled a list of 49,187 VCs that made investments in China before 2021 from CVSource database, collected VC ownership information from other public sources, developed machine-learning algorithms to predict VC types, and used human coders when machine-learning failed to produce a prediction. Utilizing this hybrid approach, we have classified VCs into one of the following types: GVC (public agency-affiliated, state-owned enterprise-affiliated), CVC (corporate VC), IVC (independent VC), BVC (bank-affiliated VC), FVC (financial/non-bank-affiliated VC), UVC (university-affiliated VC), and PenVC (pension-fund-affiliated VC). We not only provide the most up-to-date database for VC types in the Chinese setting but also demonstrate how to leverage machine-learning algorithms to devise a transparent coding approach for VC-type classifications.
Pathological effects and immune modulation in host during Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) outbreak in cage and wetland Tilapia farms
Authors: Das Basanta Kumar , Kumar Vikash , Roy Suvra , Malick Ramesh Chandra , Bisai Kampan , Jana Asim Kumar , Dhar Souvik
Published: November 2024

Viral diseases arising in farmed fish are an ongoing challenge to the aquaculture industry, causing severe mortality and economic losses. Recently, there has been a spike in the incidence of a viral disease caused by Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) inflicts irreparable damage, and large-scale fish kills in the farmed tilapia species. We investigated a case of disease outbreak and severe mortality in cage and wetland farms of tilapia in West Bengal and Odisha, India. The symptomatic fish showed clinical signs, including hemorrhage, discoloration, ulcer, and redness in the body surfaces. Further analysis revealed that Tilapia Parvovirus was associated (validated by PCR, phylogenetic analysis, and cell line assay) with the infection and mortality of tilapia. The virus was detected in gill, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney samples collected from apparently healthy (asymptomatic) and symptomatic tilapia samples from cage and wetland farms. At the same time, negative results were found in the brain and skin tissue samples. The histological analysis revealed that TiPV induces severe damage invariably in almost all studied tissue, including the liver, kidney, spleen, gill, heart, and brain of tilapia samples. The viral quantification analysis showed that the viral genome was higher in the liver, spleen, and heart than in the tilapia samples’ gill, kidney, or brain tissue. Furthermore, the study indicated that TiPV infection has a significant effect on the health of tilapia. The tilapia exhibited an immune reactivity toward TiPV infection (upregulation of chemokine receptors, CRs and interleukin 1β, IL-1β), the majority of the studied immune genes (interleukin 8, IL-8; Toll-like receptors 7, TLR7; tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α; major histocompatibility complex II, MHC II and nuclear factor kappa B, NF-kB) were significantly downregulated in the kidney, spleen and liver tissue samples of symptomatic tilapia. Further, the in vivo challenge assay confirms that the isolated TiPV is a novel parvovirus pathogen that causes massive mortality in tilapia. The lessons learned from the first cellular and molecular description associated with TiPV epidemiology from wetland and cage farms of tilapia could be critical to developing the current state of the tilapia farming industry. Additionally, a holistic approach is needed to develop management measures to control the virulence and risk factors of TiPV.
Sevoflurane exposure in early life: mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity in immature rat brains without long-term memory loss
Authors: Qiu Lin , Li Hongwei , Li Bingbing , Ek Joakim , Zhang Xiaoli , Chen Yiwen , Shao Zehua , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jiaqiang , Lin Hongqi , Zhu Changlian , Xu Yiran , Wang Xiaoyang
Published: November 2024

Neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics, particularly sevoflurane, on pediatric neurodevelopment are a global concern. This study investigated the molecular and metabolic impacts of repeated short exposures to sevoflurane in neonatal rats. Metabolomics analysis revealed significant changes in fatty acid and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis identified altered gene expression related to neurodevelopment and mitochondrial function. Various analyses emphasized upregulation in oxidative phosphorylation and DNA repair pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified key gene modules associated with sevoflurane exposure. Despite these acute changes, no significant long-term memory impairments were detected. These findings highlight the impact of sevoflurane on mitochondrial energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, emphasizing its relevance to pediatric neurodevelopment. The absence of substantial long-term memory impairments provides insights into the safety and implications of sevoflurane use in pediatric anesthesia, calling for further research.
Nonlinear and symptom specific associations between chronotype and depression
Authors: Seizer Lennart , Martínez-Albert Estefanía , Löchner Johanna
Published: November 2024

The chronotype of individuals has been found to be predictive of depression risk and associated with the severity of depression. However, since depression is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease, it seems improbable that chronotype plays a role in every instance of depression. This study investigates the association between the two, while considering possible symptom-specificity and non-linearity of the relationship, utilizing a large sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 5217; 54% female; Age: M = 52.65, SD = 18.76). Depression symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and chronotype was determined by calculating sleep midpoints. Further, we also explored the potential mediating role of systemic inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, in the chronotype-depression link. The findings substantiate previous research indicating late chronotypes to be associated with higher PHQ-9 sum scores, with a minimum in PHQ-9 at a sleep midpoint of 02:49. The study further differentiates between individual depression symptoms, uncovering varying patterns of association with chronotype. No significant effect of chronotype on levels of CRP was found, suggesting that the link between chronotype and depression symptoms may not be directly mediated and appears to be stable and independent from systemic inflammation. The study highlights the non-linear and symptom-specific nature of the chronotype-depression connection and suggests the need for further, longitudinal studies to elucidate causal mechanisms and potential mediators.
Avian raptors are indicator species and victims of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus HPAIV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in Germany
Authors: Günther Anne , Krone Oliver , Globig Anja , Pohlmann Anne , King Jacqueline , Fast Christine , Grund Christian , Hennig Christin , Herrmann Christof , Piro Simon , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Schulz Jana , Staubach Christoph , Stacker Lina , Ulrich Lorenz , Ziegler Ute , Harder Timm , Beer Martin
Published: November 2024

Transition of highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5 avian influenza virus (HPAIV) from epizootic to enzootic status in Northern European countries was associated with severe losses and even mass mortalities among various wild bird species. Both avian and mammalian raptors hunting infected debilitated birds or scavenging on virus-contaminated avian carcasses contracted HPAIV infection. This precarious pathogen-prey-predator relation further worsened when in 2021 and 2022 outbreaks in Germany overlapped with the hatching season of avian raptor species. Retro- and prospective surveillance revealed avian raptors as important indicators of HPAIV and its genetic diversity on the one hand. On the other hand, their role as victims of HPAIV is stipulated. The first case of an HPAIV H5N1-related death of a white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla; WTSE) hatch in Germany, 2021, followed by several such cases in 2022, and a low overall seropositivity rate of 5.0–7.9% among WTSE nestlings, raised fears of a serious negative impact on reproduction rates of WTSEs and other birds of prey when HPAIV becomes enzootic in an ecosystem. However, comparably stable breeding success of WTSE in the study area in 2022 and a potentially evolving natural immunity raises hope for a less severe long-term impact.
A qualitative study exploring the clinical phenomenology and impact of hypersexuality in patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Tayim Natalie , Panicker Jalesh N. , Foley Jennifer , Selai Caroline , El Sheikh Walaa G.
Published: November 2024

Hypersexuality (HS) is a complex yet underreported phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD), profoundly impacting patients’ lives. This study aims to systematically investigate the clinical phenomenology and manifestations of HS using qualitative methodologies. This phenomenological qualitative research study employed semi-structured interviews to examine hypersexuality and its impact among nine English-speaking individuals with PD. Participants were recruited from clinical settings and met specific inclusion criteria, including clinically diagnosed PD, reported hypersexuality post-PD diagnosis, and no cognitive impairment. The study adhered to ethical standards, with written informed consent obtained from all participants. Nine patients with PD (six males, mean age 61.7 ± 13.3 years, and three females, mean age 64.3 ± 5.7 years) participated. The mean age of PD onset was 51.4 ± 12.5 years, while HS onset was 54.1 ± 11.5 years, ranging from 35 to 68 years. Eight of the nine patients were in monogamous relationships. Qualitative analysis revealed ten themes. Clinical manifestations included increased preoccupation with sex, heightened desire, and altered behaviors like risk-taking. Sexual practices varied, with increased urges not necessarily leading to more frequent sex with partners; instead, behaviors like masturbation and promiscuity were common. Emotional formulations ranged from negative to neutral, influenced by whether patients internalized or externalized their hypersexuality. Insight varied, with some patients viewing HS as natural and others seeing it as conflicting with their values. Control over HS was mixed, with efforts to manage behaviors influenced by personal or external factors. The impact on life was predominantly negative, affecting marital closeness, family dynamics, social interactions, work efficiency, and physical health. Patients perceived mostly negative feelings from their partners regarding HS. Stigma was significant, including personal shame, social concealment, and discomfort discussing HS with health professionals. Barriers to seeking help included communication deficits, professional neglect, and stigma. Despite challenges, patients expressed a desire for better guidance and open discussions with health professionals to manage HS. This study uncovered the profound impact of HS on various facets of life such as quality of life, work, and personal relationships, elucidating the emotional distress and societal challenges faced by patients. This preliminary study on hypersexuality in neurological disorders suggests multiple avenues for future research.
Machine learning identifies cytokine signatures of disease severity and autoantibody profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus – a pilot study
Authors: Pattanaik Sarit Sekhar , Das Bidyut Kumar , Tripathy Rina , Prusty Birendra Kumar , Parida Manoj Kumar , Tripathy Saumya Ranjan , Panda Aditya Kumar , Ravindran Balachandran , Mukherjee Ratnadeep
Published: November 2024

Disrupted cytokine networks and autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, conflicting reports and non-reproducibility have hindered progress regarding the translational potential of cytokines in SLE. This study attempts to address the existing knowledge gap using multiplex cytokine assay and machine learning. 67 SLE patients fulfilling SLICC criteria were recruited after informed consent, and circulating cytokines were measured by multiplex cytokine assay kit. We observed a positive association between actual disease activity scores (SLEDAI) and predicted scores from a partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis of multivariate cytokine response data, with MIP-1α having a strong contribution towards disease activity. Our analysis also highlights increased IL-12 as a potential biomarker in nephritis and elevated MIP-1α as a signature of NPSLE. Using a k-Modes clustering algorithm to stratify patients based on patterns of co-occurrence of circulating autoantibodies, we identified 4 distinct clusters of patients. All 4 clusters had patients with nephritis, but patients in cluster 3 with nephritis were characterised by low levels of housekeeping and homeostatic cytokines and the presence of anti-Ro antibodies, which is a novel observation. Thus, we demonstrate that cytokines can be a surrogate to predict disease activity and organ involvement in SLE. Moreover, we show the utility of unsupervised machine learning algorithms using specific autoantibody signatures to predict renal involvement in SLE.
A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators in deceased organ donation process among transplant coordinators in India
Authors: Vincent Britzer Paul , Randhawa Gurch , Cook Erica
Published: November 2024

Although India’s organ donation rate is less than 1 per million population, significant disparities exist between the regions and centres within the country, leading to varying consent rates among different organ donation centres. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the experience of transplant coordinators and their barriers and facilitators in the deceased organ donation process across various organ donation centres in India. A phenomenological study using interviews was conducted among fourteen transplant coordinators purposefully recruited from public and private organ donation centres in India, with experience between six years and more than a decade. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed using framework analysis. Five themes were identified namely: (1) supportive management policies, (2) infrastructure for the deceased organ donation process, (3) delays in the processing time, (4) active involvement in the identification process, and (5) explaining the concept of brain death. The study identifies that implementation priorities include strengthening teamwork, streamlining processes, optimising infrastructure for sensitive discussions, efficient donor identification, and empathetic handling of donor families’ grief stages. Collaborating with law enforcement, applying successful medico-legal strategies, improving family communication, and clarifying brain death concepts ethically and legally can boost consent rates, fostering informed decisions and possibly achieving self-sufficiency in deceased organ donation.
A novel microfluidic chip for on-site radiation risk evaluation
Authors: Takahashi Kenta , Tamura Takahiro , Yamada Kosuke , Suga Kaisei , Aoki Yuri , Sano Ryota , Koyama Kentaro , Nakamura Asako J. , Suzuki Takaaki
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a microfluidic chip for on-site radiation risk evaluation using immunofluorescence staining for the DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker phosphorylated histone, H2AX (γ-H2AX).
Mechanically stabilized UiO-66-NH2-MB screen printed carbon electrode for high-performance electrochemical ratiometric quantification of miR-21-5p
Authors: Shen Jianjing , Yan Li , Pang Jun , Chu Zhenyu , Xie Ying , Huang Shan , Chen Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

The ratiometric sensing strategy, which uses dual-signal output, drastically compensates for the background noise and interference from the detection environment, compared to the sensing methods that rely on a single-signal output.
Advancements in electrochemical sensor technology for warfarin detection: a comprehensive review
Authors: Akbari Hassan , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Amani Hossein , Ezoji Hoda
Published: November 2024

Warfarin (WA), the most prescribed oral anticoagulant in patients with atrial fibrillation, is widely utilized for the treatment of various diseases, such as vascular disorders, venous thrombosis, and atrial fibrillation.
Ultrasensitive detection of E. coli using bioinspired based platform
Authors: Almohammed Sawsan , Nolan Tristan , Martin Niamh , Meijer Wim G. , Rodriguez Brian J. , Rice James H.
Published: November 2024

Peptide nanotubes with silver nanoparticles for near single-cell bacteria detection.
An l-cysteine based sensor for Cu2+ detection applicable for both environmental water and human plasma
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Lv Li , Mao Xuanjiao , Chai Jun , Wu Jayne , Zhou Yicheng , Zhang Jian , Qi Haochen
Published: November 2024

A flexible electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and specificity is developed by an AuNPs and rGo–MoS2 modified SPCE, with l-Cys as a probe for Cu2+ target recognition.
Retraction: Magnetic solid-phase extraction to preconcentrate ultra trace amounts of lead(ii) using modified-carbon nanotubes decorated with NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Ensafi Ali A. , Rabiei Sedigheh , Rezaei Behzad , Allafchian Ali R.
Published: November 2024

Retraction of ‘Magnetic solid-phase extraction to preconcentrate ultra trace amounts of lead(ii) using modified-carbon nanotubes decorated with NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles’ by Ali A. Ensafi et al., Anal. Methods, 2013, 5, 3903–3908, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3AY40246K.
D
5h H©Cu5H5−: a covalently bonded planar pentacoordinate hydrogen star
Authors: Bai Li-Xia , Jin Yan-Xia , Orozco-Ic Mesías , Merino Gabriel , Guo Jin-Chang
Published: November 2024

Star-like H©Cu5H5− cluster represents the first planar pentacoordinate hydrogen global minimum, which is stabilized by the one central 6c–2e and five outer 3c–2e σ-type covalent multicenter bonds.
Investigating valence orbitals and cationic structure of 2,6-difluoropyridine via high-resolution VUV-MATI spectroscopy and Franck–Condon simulations
Authors: Park Sung Man , Kim Hyojung , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: November 2024

This study shows that ortho-fluorine substitution in 2,6-DFP stabilizes the nonbonding orbital via interactions with the fluorine lone pairs.
Scale and morphology design of metal-based catalysts for enhanced Li–CO2 battery performance
Authors: Wang Jingzhao , Cui Xiangming , Zhou Mi , Chen Xin , Sun Shiyi , Yang Kai , Wang Jianan , Yan Wei
Published: November 2024

This review clarifies the significant influence of nano-sized catalysts with various sizes and morphologies on catalytic performance (coordination number, electronic state, adsorption energy, etc.).
Synthesis, structural characterisation, and anticancer potential of mono and dinuclear Pd(ii) complexes of N-(2-pyridyl)thiourea
Authors: Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Swati , Patel Anand Kumar , Gond Mannu Kumar , Acharya Arbind , Bharty Manoj Kumar
Published: November 2024

Palladium complexes have the potential to serve as effective anticancer and pharmacological agents, offering a viable alternative to platinum medications.
Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction with a Cu porphyrin bearing meso-CF3 substituents
Authors: Li Wenzi , Peng Xinyang , Qin Haonan , Xu Yuhan , Han Jinxiu , Lei Haitao , Cao Rui
Published: November 2024

A Cu porphyrin bearing four meso-CF3 substituents is synthesized and displays higher activity than reported Cu porphyrins for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
Aerosol and precipitation composition at a coastal New England site (Acadia National Park): implications for air quality and aerosol composition during cold air outbreaks
Authors: Seckar-Martinez Addison , Betito Grace , Parakkat Lakshmi , Sorooshian Armin
Published: November 2024

Co-located measurements of aerosol and wet deposition composition at Acadia National Park reveal insights into aerosol–precipitation interactions.
Assessment and application of GeneXpert rapid testing for respiratory viruses in school wastewater
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Ensor Katherine B. , Hopkins Loren , Stadler Lauren B.
Published: November 2024

The GeneXpert system is cost-effective for low numbers of samples and can be used for wastewater monitoring of respiratory viruses in schools. The results were reproducible and comparably sensitive to filtration-ddPCR for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A.
The potential role of alkaline diets in prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation
Authors: Mohamed Doha A. , Mabrok Hoda B. , Ramadan Asmaa A. , Elbakry Hagar F.
Published: November 2024

Formation of kidney stones is considered a major global problem.
Strategies of positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development for imaging of tau and α-synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Mekala Shekar , Wu You , Li Yue-Ming
Published: November 2024

Advances in the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development for imaging of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD, and for imaging of α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Piezo-to-piezo (P2P) conversion: simultaneous β-phase crystallization and poling of ultrathin, transparent and freestanding homopolymer PVDF films via MHz-order nanoelectromechanical vibration
Authors: Komljenovic Robert , Sherrell Peter C. , Goudeli Eirini , Rezk Amgad R. , Yeo Leslie Y.
Published: November 2024

An unconventional yet facile low-energy method for uniquely synthesizing neat poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films for energy harvesting applications by utilizing high frequency nanoelectromechanical vibration is reported.
Stabilizing molecular catalysts on metal oxide surfaces using molecular layer deposition for efficient water oxidation
Authors: Wang Hong , Li Jian , Liu Ke , Lei Lei , Chen Xun , Wang Degao
Published: November 2024

We used molecular layer deposition technology to deposit polyimide to stabilize RuCat for water oxidation, and the stability was significantly improved.
Outstanding high-temperature capacitive performance in all-organic dielectrics enabled by synergistic optimization of molecular traps and aggregation structures
Authors: Peng Bo , Wang Pengbo , Luo Hang , He Guanghu , Xie Haoran , Liu Yuan , Chen Sheng , Li Xiaona , Wan Yuting , Guo Ru
Published: November 2024

A strategy of molecular trap and aggregation structure optimization is developed to improve the capacitive performance of dielectrics. An all-organic composite achieves a Ue of 3.8 J cm−3 with η > 90% and cyclability over 100 000 cycles at 200 °C.
Zn(ii) and imidazolium salt ionic liquids bifunctionalized catalysts as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition: preparation, mechanism and stability
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Zhuang Yuanye , Ge Meng , Cheng Yingying , Wu Xia , Bai Shiyang , Sun Jihong
Published: November 2024

Bifunctional catalysts Zn/BMMs-ILs were developed with co-condensed Zn and post-grafted ILs, and showed excellent activity and stability in the cycloaddition of CO2 into epoxide. The Zn incorporation enhanced both catalytic activity and stability.
Enhanced solar steam generation using carbonized Platanus acerifolia fruit with fibrous channels for improved water transport
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Balu Satheesh Kumar , Cheng Sijie , Liu Yunpeng , Xing Ruimin , Liu Shanhu
Published: November 2024

This article discusses a novel, cost-effective, and highly efficient three-dimensional evaporator utilizing carbonized Platanus acerifolia fruit (PAF) enhanced with transition metals.
Uncovering metabolic signatures in cancer-derived exosomes: LC-MS/MS and NMR profiling
Authors: Bajaj Nandini , Sharma Deepika
Published: November 2024

Understanding the intricate interplay between cancer metabolism and intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for advancing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Zr-MOF composites with zipped and unzipped carbon nanotubes for high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Heiba Asmaa R. , Abdel-Salam M. O. , Yoon Taeho , El Sawy Ehab
Published: November 2024

The composites of zirconium-based MOFs with graphene oxide nanoribbons and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) were investigated and showed remarkable supercapacitance performance, offering a compelling approach for energy storage applications.
Asymmetric ‘Clip-Cycle’ synthesis of 3-spiropiperidines
Authors: Ravi Saikiran , Maddocks Christopher J. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Unsworth William P. , Clarke Paul A.
Published: November 2024

3-Spiropiperidines can be synthesized in up to 87% yield and 96 : 4 er using a two step ‘Clip-Cycle’ approach.
Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allenylic substitution of tertiary racemic allenylic alcohols with indoles
Authors: Sawano Takahiro , Kobayashi Manami , Ishikawa Momoko , Ishikawa Eri , Takeuchi Ryo
Published: November 2024

Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allenylic substitution of racemic tertiary allenylic alcohols with indoles has been developed, which formed allenylated indoles bearing a quaternary carbon center with good enantioselectivities.
Research on TNTON/DNTF eutectic characteristics: an exploration of low eutectic mixture based melt-cast explosive carriers
Authors: Feng Xinyu , Xue Qi , Zhang Junlin , Yang Kaidi , Wang Kunkai , Wang Bozhou , Bi Fuqiang
Published: November 2024

To modify the sensitivity and melting point of the casting of DNTF, a eutectic system of insensitive explosive 3,5,5-trinitro-1,3-oxazinane (TNTON) and DNTF was prepared through a new method.
Upconverting particles in near-infrared light-induced TiO2 photocatalysis: towards the optimal architecture of upconverter/photocatalyst systems
Authors: O'Callaghan Paulina , Jarosz-Duda Agnieszka , Kuncewicz Joanna , Dzierżęga Krzysztof , Macyk Wojciech
Published: November 2024

Photocatalytic systems based on upconverting particles often require a complex, multi-component design. We demonstrate how to boost their photocatalytic activity by neither increasing complexity nor changing their chemical nature.
Combining de novo molecular design with semiempirical protein–ligand binding free energy calculation
Authors: Iff Michael , Atz Kenneth , Isert Clemens , Pachon-Angona Irene , Cotos Leandro , Hilleke Mattis , Hiss Jan A. , Schneider Gisbert
Published: November 2024

Semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods estimate the binding free energies of de novo generated ligand–protein complexes.
Design and synthesis of a novel curcumin–combretastatin A4 molecular skeleton: two pharmacophores
Authors: Ponraj Pravinkamaraj , Rajendran Saravanakumar
Published: November 2024

Combretastatin A4-integrated curcumin is developed as a novel molecular skeleton.
Optimizing the optoelectronic properties of broadband FeS2/Si photodetectors via deposition temperature tuning in chemical bath deposition
Authors: Fatehi Mustafa W. , Ali Huda Saadi , Ismail Raid A.
Published: November 2024

SEM images of FeS2 films deposited at 60 °C. Illuminated energy band diagram of FeS2/p-Si heterojunction under reverse bias.
The radical scavenging activity of 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide: theoretical insights into the mechanism, kinetics and solvent effects
Authors: Vo Quan V. , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Mechler Adam
Published: November 2024

In physiological environments, 1-methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (MNAH), an active center of the nicotinamide coenzyme (NADH), demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity.
Design of polyurethane composite foam obtained from industrial PET wastes and MXenes for EMI shielding applications
Authors: Rusen Edina , Mocanu Alexandra , Toader Gabriela , Diacon Aurel , Romanitan Cosmin , Iorga Ovidiu , Aldrigo Martino , Parvulescu Catalin , Mitran Raul , Brincoveanu Oana
Published: November 2024

The primary aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize polyurethane (PUR) foams derived from the depolymerization products of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and MXenes (Nb2AlC).
Design and application of intramolecular arylogous nitroaldol condensation to access 2-aryl-benzofuran and -indole derivatives and formal synthesis of saprisartan
Authors: Reddy Manyam Subbi , Satyam Killari , Suresh Surisetti
Published: November 2024

An intramolecular arylogous nitroaldol condensation has been developed for the synthesis of benzoheterols under transition metal-free conditions and synthesized an advanced key intermediate of saprisartan—thus constituting a formal synthesis.
Structural characterization of surface immobilized platinum hydrides by sensitivity-enhanced 195Pt solid state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Atterberry Benjamin A. , Wimmer Erik J. , Klostermann Sina , Frey Wolfgang , Kästner Johannes , Estes Deven P. , Rossini Aaron J.
Published: November 2024

1H, 31P and 195Pt solid-state NMR spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of compounds formed by supporting bis(tri-tert-butylphosphino)platinum, Pt(PtBu3)2, on dehydroxylated SiO2 or SiO2–Al2O3.
Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive conjugate alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones
Authors: Somprasong Siriphong , Wan Bin , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R.
Published: November 2024

We present an asymmetric electrochemical nickel-catalysed reductive conjugate addition of alkenyl bromides/aryl iodides to α,β-unsaturated ketones in an undivided cell, which afforded β-alkenylate/arylate ketones in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
Raman spectroscopy study of K-birnessite single crystals
Authors: Ha Dong Han , Noh Gichang , Kim Hakseong , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Jeongho , Jung Suyong , Hwang Chanyong , Lee Ha Young , Yun Yong Ju , Kwak Joon Young , Kang Kibum , Yi Sam Nyung
Published: November 2024

The alterations in the crystal structure and Raman spectra of K-birnessite single crystals when water molecules intercalate into or deintercalate from the interlayer space were subjected to an in-depth examination.
Enabling high C2H2 storage and efficient C2H2/CO2 separation in a cage-like MOF with multiple supramolecular binding sites
Authors: Wang Gang-Ding , Shi Wen-Jie , Li Yong-Zhi , Lu Weigang , Hou Lei , Li Dan
Published: November 2024

A cage-like MOF (Cu-TPHC) with multiple supramolecular binding sites is reported to overcome the trade-off effect between adsorption capacity and separation performance for C2H2/CO2, affording 99.4% purity C2H2 under various conditions.
Structural rule of heteroatom-modified single-atom catalysts for the CO2 electroreduction reaction
Authors: Sui Xinyuan , Yuan Haiyang , Hou Yu
Published: November 2024

The raised SACs have the better ability to activate CO2, but also lead to relatively poor activity and selectivity for CO2RR for the stronger CO and H+ adsorption; by contrast, the planar ones exhibit relatively better CO2RR performance.
Construction of a cobalt-doped Ni3S2@NiFe-LDH heterojunction with enhanced local electric field for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Jie , Huang Anqi , Cao Wen , Gao Xuehui , Chen Zhongwei
Published: November 2024

The effect of heterogeneous atom doping and heterojunction enhances the local electric field, thereby adjusting the adsorption behavior for intermediates, improving catalyst conductivity, and promoting reaction kinetics. Consequently, this leads to an enhanced OER activity.
Composition engineering of a Cu2ZnGexSn1−xS4 nanoparticle hole transport layer for carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cheng Nian , Li Weiwei , Xiao Zhenyu , Pan Han , Zheng Dingshan , Yang Wen-Xing
Published: November 2024

Composition engineering via alloying Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnGeS4 is studied to optimize the properties of a Cu2ZnSn1−xGexS4 hole-transporting layer, which contributes to carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells with a champion efficiency of 19.8%.