bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digitale Lerngemeinschaften für Inklusion – Erste Ergebnisse im Projekt DiLe
Authors: Weber-Liel Dorit , Kracke Bärbel
Published: June 2024

Es ist eine bildungspolitische Forderung und inklusionsbefördernde Notwendigkeit, angehende Lehrkräfte auf die Herausforderungen vorzubereiten, die mit der Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion verbunden sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der im Forschungsprojekt DiLe anvisierte Ansatz vorgestellt, die inklusionsbezogenen Studieninhalte von Lehramtsstudierenden durch einen systematischen Austausch zwischen Universität und Praktikumsschulen kohärenter mit der Schulpraxis zu verknüpfen. Nach dem Design-Based-Research-Ansatz wird eine digitale Lernumgebung entwickelt, die sich an Studierende im Praxissemester und ihre Mentor:innen an den Praktikumsschulen richtet. Ziel ist es, Lehramtsstudierenden kohärente Lerngelegenheiten zu den Schwerpunkten schulische Inklusion und Umgang mit Heterogenität anzubieten sowie die Mentor:innen für eine gemeinsame Praxisreflexion im Sinne Professioneller Lerngemeinschaften zu qualifizieren. Der Entwicklungs- und Forschungsprozess setzt sich aus zwei Zyklen zusammen. Im ersten Zyklus stehen die Entwicklung und digitale Umsetzung der Lerninhalte im Mittelpunkt, in zweiten geht es um die Entwicklung eines digitalen Formats zur Förderung von Kooperation zwischen Praxissemesterstudierenden und Mentor:innen. Neben den theoretischen Überlegungen werden die aus Lehrkräfteinterviews gewonnen und ausgewerteten Daten zu Usability, Gestaltung, Nützlichkeit und Relevanz der Inhalte vorgestellt.
Abstract
It is an educational policy requirement and inclusion-promoting necessity to prepare student teachers for the challenges associated with implementing inclusion in schools. This article presents the approach envisaged in the DiLe research project to link the inclusion-related study content of student teachers more coherently with school practice through a systematic exchange between university and placement schools. Based on the design-based research approach, a digital learning environment is being developed that is aimed at students in the practical semester and their mentors at the internship schools. The aim is to offer student teachers coherent learning opportunities focusing on school inclusion and dealing with heterogeneity and to qualify the mentors for joint reflection on practice in the sense of professional learning communities. The development and research process consists of two cycles. The first cycle focuses on the development and digital implementation of the learning content, while the second focuses on the development of a digital format to promote cooperation between internship semester students and mentors. In addition to the theoretical considerations, the data obtained and evaluated from teacher interviews on usability, design, usefulness and relevance of the content will be presented.
Simulating Free-Space Optical Communications to Support a Li-Fi Access Network in a Smart City Concept
Authors: Darusalam Ucuk , Nathasia Novi Dian , Zarlis Muhammad , Priambodo Purnomo Sidi
Published: June 2024

Smart city development has grown rapidly in the decades since 4G and 5G technologies have been released. Moreover, a highly reliable network is required to support the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile access within a city. Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) technology can provide huge bitrate transmission and high-speed communications. In the research, a backbone based on Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication (FSO) is designed through simulation to provide a Li-Fi access network with a high capacity data rate. The originality of the proposed method is the implementation of double filtering techniques, which gives an advantage when forwarding the signal to a node and improves the quality of the signal received by the Li-Fi. The FSO as the Optical Relaying Network (ORN) is designed with a configuration of 12 channels of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) amplified by optical amplifiers in the transmitter and receiver. The signal output is filtered by a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and a Gaussian filter. In the simulation, the ORN has node spacing in the range of 500 m to 2,000 m. Then, the data transmission rate at 120 Gbps is provided by the implementation of DWDM channels to serve as an access network. From the simulation, the FSO backbone can optimally deliver highly reliable Li-Fi access networks. When the nodes are spaced in a 500–2,000 m range, the Bit-Error-Rate (BER) performance is produced at the order of 10−6.
Enhanced groundwater vulnerability assessment to nitrate contamination in Chongqing, Southwest China: Integrating novel explainable machine learning algorithms with DRASTIC-LU
Authors: Liang Yuanyi , Zhang Xingjun , Sun Yigao , Yao Linlin , Gan Lin , Wu Jialin , Chen Si , Li Junyi , Wang Jian
Published: June 2024

Groundwater vulnerability to nitrate assessment serves as a measure of potential groundwater nitrate pollution in a target area. This study applies the DRASTIC-LU framework, nitrate distribution data, and three machine learning models (RF, XGB, SVM) to classify nitrate levels (exceeding 10 mg/L as nitrogen) in Chongqing, China. Model evaluation uses accuracy and F1 score metrics, with RF achieving the highest accuracy (92.9%), kappa (0.857), and AUC (0.948) on test dataset. Furthermore, the SHAP interpreter revealed that aquifer conductivity, lithology, agricultural activities, areas with high-intensity development, and groundwater recharge are the most influential indicators of groundwater vulnerability. The final groundwater vulnerability level distribution map, with a resolution of 1 km × 1 km, reveals that high and extremely high vulnerability levels are concentrated in areas with high-intensity urban development and karst trough valleys in the southeastern, northeastern, and central urban areas. This work represents the first attempt of using machine learning models for groundwater vulnerability assessment in the Chongqing region. It provides theoretical support for the construction layout of groundwater monitoring stations and the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in the future.
Data assimilation with machine learning for constructing gridded rainfall time series data to assess long-term rainfall changes in the northeastern regions in India
Authors: Singh Vishal , Bansal Joshal Kumar , Rani Deepti , Singh Pushpendra Kumar , Nema Manish Kumar , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Jain Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2024

Data scarcity and unavailability of observed rainfalls in the northeastern states of India limit prediction of extreme hydro-climatological changes. To fill this gap, a data assimilation approach has been applied to re-construct accurate high-resolution gridded (5 km2) daily rainfall data (2001–2020), which include seasonality assessment, statistical evaluation, and bias correction. Random forest (RF) and support vector regression were used to predict rainfall time series, and a comparison between machine learning and data assimilation-based gridded rainfall data was performed. Five gridded rainfall datasets, namely, Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA) (12 km2), APHRODITE (25 km2), India Meteorological Department (25 km2), PRINCETON (25 km2), and CHIRPS (25 and 5 km2), have been utilized. For re-constructed rainfall datasets (5 km2), the comparative seasonality and change assessment have been performed with respect to other rainfall datasets. CHIRPS and APHRODITE datasets have shown better similarities with IMDAA. The RF and assimilated rainfall (AR) have superiority based on bias and extremity, and AR data were recognized as the best accurate data (>0.8). Precipitation change analysis (2021–2100) performed utilizing the bias-corrected and downscaled CMIP6 datasets showed that the dry spells will be enhanced. Considering the CMIP6 moderate emission scenario, i.e., SSP245, the wet spell will be enhanced in future; however, when considering SSP585 (representing the extreme worst case), the wet spells will be decreased.
A validation workflow for treatment wetland performance data
Authors: Guillaume-Ruty Sophie Hai Yen , Pueyo-Ros Josep , Comas Joaquim , Forquet Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Treatment wetlands (TWs) effectively remove target pollutants and enhance urban water circularity and resilience. They constitute a prominent solution for urban wastewater treatment, thanks to their adaptability across various types of wastewater, scales and climatic conditions. However, the disparity in TW designs and the focus on a restricted set of variables applicable to research studies impede any comprehensive evaluation and comparison of TW performance. Our study introduces a methodology for data validation, in concurrently establishing a workflow specific to TW. This approach is aimed at defining the scope and relationships within the data, implementing checks and concatenating them into a quality flag, as an initial step towards building reliable statistical models. We underscore the importance of both mobilising comprehensive knowledge and identifying customary, yet implicit, choices intertwined in data processing. As for the application workflow, we collected and analysed data sourced from peer-reviewed papers on horizontal and vertical flow TW. Deficiencies were noted in key data elements like dimensions, concentrations and operational conditions. For the data analysis, relationships are highlighted between variables introduced for modelling purposes. These methodologies and workflows assess the quality of the data, in paving the way towards more dependable statistical models for TW design and implementation.
Estimativa da densidade de potência eólica em cidades do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Correia de Holanda Sandro , Goes de Aragão Santana Jerusa , Farias Pereira Fábio
Published: June 2024

Melhorar a precisão da estimativa de produção de energia eólica é preponderante para o planejamento estratégico no setor elétrico de uma nação. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estimar os parâmetros do modelo estatístico de Weibull e a densidade de potência eólica usando dados coletados de três cidades no nordeste do Brasil. Além disso, outro objetivo foi analisar o melhor ajuste entre a distribuição dos dados observados e o modelo de Weibull. Para atingir esses objetivos, quatro metodologias distintas, a saber, Método de Regressão de Mínimos Quadrados (MRMQ), Método de Momentos (MM), Método de Fator de Padrão de Energia (MFPE) e Método de Máxima Verossimilhança (MMV), foram empregadas para estimar os parâmetros de forma e escala do modelo de Weibull. A fim de analisar o melhor ajuste entre os dados observados do vento e o modelo estatístico de Weibull, foi aplicado o teste estatístico: Erro Médio Quadrático (EMQ). Por sua vez, os valores médios dos parâmetros estimados obtidos através das quatro metodologias foram utilizados para calcular a densidade de potência eólica em cada cidade investigada. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que os ventos que sopram no nordeste do Brasil são de excelente qualidade favorecendo, a geração eólica. Além disso, todos os métodos examinados (ou seja, MRMQ, MMV, MM e MFPE) demonstraram desempenho satisfatório na estimativa dos parâmetros da distribuição de Weibull.
Estudo comparativo entre tecnologias de armazenamento de energia para plataformas petrolíferas com microgeração distribuída
Authors: Costa Henrique , Barcelos Silvangela , Santos Jr Bartolomeu , Santos Walbermark
Published: June 2024

Em plataformas de extração de petróleo há diversos sistemas, que atuam em conjunto, garantindo o bom funcionamento dos processos de perfuração, produção, armazenamento e transferência de petróleo, de forma a garantir o atendimento das cargas críticas. Mesmo em casos de falhas dos sistemas de geração, o processo não deve ser interrompido. Tal atendimento pode ser realizado através de um sistema de armazenamento de energia em banco de baterias associado ao mix de geração. Desta maneira, neste estudo, apresenta-se uma análise comparativa entre as tecnologias de baterias existentes no mercado, que podem ser consideradas como elegíveis para serem associadas ao mix de geração de uma plataforma do tipo Fixa. A fim de mensurar os resultados desta análise comparativa será utilizado o software Homer
Color variation between composite and vita classical shade guide
Authors: Roberto Zimmer  , Ronny Marcos de Oliveira Xiscatti  , Marielle Braff Cardoso  , Eduardo Galia Reston  , Guilherme Anziliero Arossi
Published: June 2024

The correct replication of color and translucency of the tooth structure is one of the biggest challenges in esthetic and restorative dentistry and mistakes in tooth shade selection may lead to failures in treatment. Objective: This study aim to evaluate, through CIEL * C * h * and CIEL * a * b * color systems, the difference between color of composite and Vita Classical shade guide, using the Vita EasyShade spectrophotometer. Material and methods: Four composite (Forma, Opallis, Oppus and Vittra) shade A2 were used. The specimens (n=6) were obtained using a steel matrix (4x2mm), then hydrated for 7 days and submitted to the finishing and polishing procedures; for subsequent color measurement with spectrophotometer. The color variation was calculated by measuring both color systems values of each material and comparing them with the Vita A2 shade guide results. The statistical analysis used was one-way ANOVA / Tukey test, considering a significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). Results: All materials showed color variation when compared to the shade guide. By the analysis of L*C* h*, all materials demonstrated a color variation greater than what is considered clinically unacceptable, whereas in the analysis of L*a*b* only Vittra APS resin composite showed a clinically acceptable color variation. Conclusion: The analyzed materials showed a great variation of color and the Vita Classical shade guide might not be in accordance to composite shade.
Mechanical and physical properties of attachments employed in clear aligner treatments. A critical appraisal
Authors: Alexandre Fausto da Veiga Jardim  , Jairo Curado de Freitas  , Carlos Estrela
Published: June 2024

Clear aligners have become a viable option for orthodontic treatment. Unlike conventional orthodontic brackets, aligners are not directly bonded to teeth and thus, have a different application of forces. Attachments are a type of auxiliary for aligner treatment that creates points in which pressure can be applied on the tooth surface, acting to transmit forces from the aligner tray to the teeth. Currently, there is no consensus on what material should be used to fabricate attachments and how they behave clinically. Material and methods: The present study is a critical appraisal of data already published on the subject up to now: from 1784 records initially screened, 11 reports were included, mostly in vitro studies and with variable methodology. Results: Surface wear of attachments can vary from 9,6% to 100%. Attachment loss is roughly the same for upper and lower arches, but posterior teeth tend to present more losses. Patient-related variables might account for more failures than operator and material-related failures, but it has been shown that conventional composites might present better resistance, aligner fitting, and less surface wear. Conclusion: Clinicians might expect some degree of attachment surface wear and losses. Patient orientation and use of conventional composites with high filler content might reduce such failures and improve treatment results.
Oral health related quality of life of undergraduate students in an Indian University
Authors: Abhishek Mehta  , Aditi Verma  , Kanishka Arora
Published: June 2024

Undergraduate students of a university are a crucial transitional age group to examine the effects of poor oral health on a population’s quality of life (OHRQoL). Objective: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate how OHRQoL-related factors affected undergraduate students at a University in Delhi, India. Material and methods: 451 undergraduate students from Jamia Millia Islamia University in New Delhi, India responded to a cross-sectional hybrid mode questionnaire survey. Using the Oral Health Impact in Adolescents scale (OHIA), the OHRQoL of research participants was evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare OHIA scores for individuals in various age groups and according to their gender. Results: Mean OHIA score was 4.87 (SD 1.1). When compared to younger age groups and men, older individuals and women felt that oral health-related issues reduced their quality of life. Oral health’s physical and psychological components were the main cause of the study participants’ worse OHRQoL. Conclusion: The average OHIA score illustrates the minimal influence of oral health on university students’ quality of life. To better understand how dental health affects this age group’s QoL, more studies on groups that are similar to this one are needed.
Análise do impacto da implementação de um guia de descrição de lesões estomatológicas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Curitiba
Authors: Ana Christina Bernert  , Caroline Zimmermann  , Melissa Rodrigues de Araújo  , Ana Cristina Vidal Allegretti  , Ana Paula Ribeiro Braosi
Published: June 2024

Documentos de referência e contrarreferência detalhados são essenciais para a troca de informações entre profissionais da saúde de diferentes níveis de atenção do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho de um roteiro para descrição de lesões bucais como instrumento de apoio aos cirurgiões-dentistas da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba (SMS Curitiba), com vistas ao aprimoramento desses documentos e estabelecer um padrão de encaminhamento. Material e métodos: A amostra intencional foi composta por 49 cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) da SMS Curitiba. A coleta de dados foi realizada nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), no ano de 2021, e o estudo foi composto de três etapas: I – elaboração da descrição das lesões sem roteiro e com roteiro de descrição de lesões (OralDESC); II – análise comparativa das descrições realizadas e III – análise comparativa de dados de anamnese. Resultados: Observou-se discreta melhoria na qualidade dos registros de lesões bucais e de informações relevantes de anamnese com o auxílio do roteiro. Conclusão: Embora tenha havido impacto positivo com o uso do roteiro de descrição, ele deverá ser aprimorado para ser aplicado na rede pública da SMS Curitiba.
Ethnographic profile and difficulties in accessing oral health care in Amazon region – an experience report
Authors: Emilly Godinho Corrêa  , Douglas Augusto Fernandes Couto  , Gustavo Hermes Soares  , Juliana Schaia Rocha  , Jussara Maria Leal de Meirelles  , Renata Iani Werneck  , Samuel Jorge Moysés
Published: June 2024

The Indigenous People living in the surrounding areas of the lower course of the Amazon River have little and outdated epidemiological information on oral health. The access to oral health is a distant reality for this population and the precariousness of primary health care in these regions is alarming, thus access to oral health care becomes an unmet need. Objective: This experience report aims to contribute to a critical reflection on the barriers to access to oral health for the Sateré-Mawé Indigenous People of the Andirá-Marau Indigenous Reserve (Amazonas, Brazil). Case report: Traditional medicine practiced by healers proved to be active in the region, nevertheless, the precariousness of access to institutionalized health in Indigenous Health Districts is also part of the reality of these peoples, being justified by the difficulty of traveling to the regions with professionals and specialists. This situation reflects on the sparse results of the available health surveys, which show they have worse oral health conditions compared to the non-indigenous population. Conclusion: After daily experience, it was possible to register that more adequate sanitary approaches are needed that meet real needs of this community.
Eficiência da expansão rápida da maxila na Clínica Odontológica da Univille: levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo
Authors: Caroline Borgmann  , Laura Baptista
Published: June 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência do tratamento com aparelhos expansores tipo hyrax na Clínica Odontológica da Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille). Material e métodos: As informações foram retiradas mediante coleta de dados de prontuários de pacientes que já foram atendidos na Clínica Odontológica da Univille, durante os anos de 2018 a 2021, e a análise estatística realizada foi descritiva quantitativa. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostram que 42,3% dos aparelhos tiveram a necessidade de recimentações e o protocolo de ativação mais utilizado foi o de 2x ao dia. Além disso, as informações contidas no prontuário se mostraram pouco detalhadas. Conclusão: Há necessidade de rever o processo de confecção utilizado pelos alunos, além da melhora no preenchimento dos prontuários, a fim de aperfeiçoar a prestação desse serviço à comunidade e impactar positivamente o aprendizado dos alunos e a realização de novas pesquisas que utilizem tais prontuários.
Desafios no atendimento odontológico a pessoas com deficiências
Authors: Deise Helena Trindade dos Santos  , Ketlin Casette
Published: June 2024

O atendimento odontológico e a saúde bucal são peças fundamentais na garantia da qualidade de vida e do bem-estar, uma vez que evitam a possibilidade de diversas doenças. Contudo nem todas as pessoas têm o devido acesso; as pessoas com deficiência são uma das classes mais afetadas. Objetivo: Avaliar o atendimento odontológico a pessoas com deficiência. Material e métodos: Realizou[1]se uma busca em diversos bancos de dados utilizando descritores associados ao tema, entre os anos de 2018 e 2023, a fim de identificar as características, os impactos e desafios no atendimento odontológico a portadores de deficiência. Resultado: Com base nos artigos encontrados, as barreiras físicas constituem o principal desafio, assim como sofrem forte influência das características socioeconômicas e educacionais ante a acessibilidade à saúde bucal. Também se destaca a falta de preparo dos profissionais no atendimento, que em muitas das vezes pode resultar em um atendimento parcial ou até mesmo em negligência aos cuidados à saúde. Conclusão: Por fim, destaca-se a necessidade de mudanças e adoção de mecanismos mais inclusivos.
Correlação entre doença periodontal de puérperas e nascimento de bebês prematuros ou de baixo peso: estudo clínico
Authors: Luiza Hoffmann  , Micaela Bernardes Bona
Published: June 2024

Em virtude do caráter infeccioso, a doença periodontal tem sido apontada como um fator potencial de risco para o nascimento de bebês prematuros ou de baixo peso. Objetivo: Avaliar uma possível correlação entre doença periodontal e nascimento de bebês com baixo peso ou prematuros. Material e métodos: Realizou-se exame periodontal em 70 puérperas, com idades entre 20 e 35 anos, separadas em 2 grupos, as que deram à luz bebês prematuros ou com baixo peso (teste) e as que deram à luz bebês nascidos na idade gestacional e peso normais (controle). Por meio do levantamento do peso e idade gestacional, foi correlacionado o estado periodontal com o peso de nascimento dos bebês. Resultados: Foram incluídas 62 puérperas, 28 integraram o grupo teste e 34 no grupo controle; destas, 24 apresentaram saúde bucal, 22 gengivite e 16 periodontite. Após utilizar o método risco relativo, foi alcançado valor nulo da relação entre periodontite e nascimento de bebês prematuros ou de baixo peso e um risco maior para as mulheres que apresentaram gengivite. Conclusão: A gengivite parece possuir correlação com o nascimento de bebês prematuros ou baixo peso, já a periodontite, por causa do pouco número de amostras, demonstrou não haver correlação. Porém é necessária mais amostra de pacientes, além de expandir o projeto a outros hospitais, para obter resultados mais confiáveis e precisos com maior número de puérperas.
Regulation of Metastasis and Growth of Colorectal Cancer via Targeting the PTEN Pathway: An Update on the Progress of LncRNA MLLT4-AS1
Authors: Liang Ruipeng , Liu Zhili , Li Bo , Xiang Debing , Wu Chunrong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the primary cause of mortality.
Recent studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential in assessing
the survival of CRC patients. However, the function of the novel lncRNA MLLT4-AS1 in
CRC is still unknown.

Objective:

This study aimed to identify the expression and the clinical significance of lncRNA
MLLT4-AS1 in CRC.

Methods:

The level of MLLT4-AS1 in CRC was evaluated via the TCGA database. The relative
level of MLLT4-AS1 in CRC cell lines was assessed by RT qPCR analysis. In cell culture, HT29
cells were transfected with MLLT4-AS1 siRNA, negative control, overexpressed MLLT4-AS1, or
PTEN plasmids. Flow cytometry, CCK 8 assay, wound healing analysis, and transwell assay were
used to quantify apoptosis, cell propagation, migration, and invasion, respectively. A nude mouse
xenograft model was developed to evaluate the in vivo impact of MLLT4-AS1 plasmids on tumor
growth. RNA pull-down analysis was used to search for possible targets of MLLT4-AS1.

Results:

MLLT4-AS1 was substantially increased in CRC cell lines and patients. It inhibited CRC
cell apoptosis and accelerated their proliferative, migration, and invasive properties. In in vivo
analysis, MLLT4-AS1 also enhanced the metastasis and proliferation of CRC cells. It was found
that PTEN was substantially enriched by biotin-labeled PTEN, as identified via an RNA pull--
down analysis. The expression of phosphatase and PTEN was suppressed by MLLT4-AS1 by
ubiquitination proteasome-dependent RNA degradation. Thus, PTEN is considered a potential target
of MLLT4-AS1. By targeting PTEN, MLLT4-AS1 intensified the biological behavior of malignant
CRC.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that the MLLT4-AS1/PTEN axis may represent an innovative
therapeutic intervention for CRC patients.
Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Reproductive Stage of Durum Wheat Near Isogenic Lines Carrying the NAM-B1 Gene
Authors: Mbideen Farah O. AL , Aburumman Abeer , Al-Sayaydeh Rabea , Albdaiwi Randa N. , Al-Abdallat Ayed M.
Published: June 2024

Background

In wheat, the NAC family plays a crucial role in conferring cellular responses to different abiotic stresses, particularly drought. The functional NAM-B1 allele in durum wheat accelerates senescence, while its homologous genes contribute to improved water deficit stress tolerance. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of the NAM-B1 gene in durum wheat subjected to water deficit stress at two reproductive stages.

Materials and Methods

Three Near-Isogenic Lines carrying a functional NAM-B1 allele and their recurrent parent, Langdon (LDN), were used in this study. The study assessed NILs and LDN performance under varied water conditions (well-watered, 60%, and 80% water deficit of pot capacity) during flag leaf and anthesis stages. The agronomic performance of the three NILs and LDN was assessed for 16 traits, including plant height, grain yield, and thousand kernel weight. Additionally, physiological measurements, including stomatal resistance, chlorophyll content (SPAD values), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were taken.

Results

Significant genotypic effects were observed on seven agronomic traits, while 15 traits were influenced by the water stress treatment. The NILs exhibited accelerated maturity and a shorter grain-filling period, which were particularly pronounced under stress conditions. Severe water deficit resulted in reduced grain weight and thousand-grain weight in tested genotypes. Interestingly NILs carrying functional NAM-B1 showed taller plants and had higher tiller and spike numbers when compared to LND. Significant genotypic effects were observed for seven traits, and water stress treatments affected 15 traits. The NILs exhibited accelerated maturity and reduced grain weight under severe water deficit. Physiological measurements showed genotype and water-deficit differences, with NIL #504 displaying higher SPAD values, particularly under stress conditions, and a significant genotype X treatment effect was observed for stomatal resistance at the anthesis stage.

Discussion

Limited treatment × genotype interactions for most traits highlight the complexity of drought tolerance in the tested lines, which might be attributed to its quantitative nature influenced by multiple genes. The study emphasizes the necessity for future research to explore the role of other NAM-related genes in response to water deficit stress and their interactive effects with the NAM-B1 gene at different growth stages in wheat plants subjected to diverse stress conditions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study reveals pronounced genotypic effects, particularly in agronomic traits, such as maturation rate and grain filling period, under severe water deficit stress. Future studies are needed to understand the genetic mechanisms mediated by NAM-B1 genes in accelerating maturity in response to stress.
The Effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina in Protecting Tropical Residual Slope from Excessive Shear Failure
Authors: Duraisamy Youventharan , Othman Rokiah , Sulaiman Mohd Arif , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Taib Siti Noor Linda , Rodzif Irfan Hakimie Mohd , Kambali Kuraisha
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Slope stability and soil erosion are major concerns in geotechnical engineering and land management. This research investigates the relationship between soil type and root systems in stabilizing slopes.

Methods

The main aim is to measure the effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina as a bioengineering technique for slope protection. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure soil shear strength, root properties, and the factor of safety (FOS) of tropical slopes before and after plant root implementation.

Results

Results revealed significant differences in cohesion and angle of friction values between unrooted and rooted soil. Apart from that, it was observed that as the root diameter increased, the tensile strength decreased when the applied force increased. The FOS of unrooted soil was higher than rooted soil, indicating greater stability without any vegetation. Furthermore, this study also evaluated the use of bio-anchorage to prevent soil erosion, considering factors such as soil composition, vegetation, and external loads. Finite element analysis was carried out using Plaxis 3D simulations to assess the effectiveness of Eugenia Oleina in controlling slope erosion.

Conclusion

This study contributes valuable insights in choosing suitable plant species for erosion control in tropical soil and guides soil bioengineering practices for slope stability in various soil conditions.
Green Synthesis of NiO Nanoparticles using Pongamia pinnata and their Catalytic Utility in the Synthesis of N-Fmoc/Cbz-protected Amino Acid Derived Sulfides and their Biological Investigations
Authors: Ramya M. , Lalithamba H. S. , Kumari Dalli , Nagendra G.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using environmentally friendly Pongamia pinnata
seeds as a source of fuel was demonstrated using a solution combustion approach.

Method:

The protocol for the synthesis of NiO NPs is simple and efficient. NiO NPs were utilized as
the catalyst for the synthesis of N-protected aminoalkyl sulfides from N-protected alkyl thiols and
bromo esters of amino acids.

Results:

The NiO NPs were characterized using XRD, SEM, and EDX techniques. N-protected aminoalkyl
sulfides were characterized by HRMS, 1H, and 13C NMR techniques and were evaluated for
their in vitro antifungal activities, against A. Niger using Fluconazole as a standard.

Conclusion:

The current study presents an effective approach for synthesizing a new class of sulfides
from N-protected aminoalkyl thiols and bromomethyl esters in the presence of nano NiO as a catalyst.
A Generic Integrated Framework of Unsupervised Learning and Natural Language Processing Techniques for Digital Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Shastry Kibballi Aditya
Published: June 2024

The increasing availability of digital healthcare data has opened up fresh prospects
for improving healthcare through data analysis. Machine learning (ML) procedures exhibit
great promise in analyzing large volumes of healthcare data to extract insights that could be
utilized to improve patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. In this work, we suggest an integrated
framework for digital healthcare data analysis by integrating unsupervised learning
techniques and natural language processing (NLP) techniques into the analysis pipeline. The
module on unsupervised learning will involve techniques, such as clustering and anomaly detection.
By clustering similar patients together based on their medical history and other relevant
factors, healthcare providers can identify subgroups of patients who may require different
treatment approaches. Anomaly detection can also help to detect patients who stray from the
norm, which could be indicative of underlying health issues or other issues that need additional
investigation. The second module on NLP will enable healthcare providers to analyze unstructured
text data such as clinical notes, patient surveys, and social media posts. NLP techniques
can help to identify key themes and patterns in these datasets, requiring awareness that could
not be readily apparent through other means. Overall, incorporating unsupervised learning
techniques and NLP into the analysis pipeline for digital healthcare data possesses the promise
to enhance patient results and lead to more personalized treatments, and represents a potential
domain for upcoming research in this field. In this research, we also review the current state of
research in digital healthcare information examination with ML, including applications like
forecasting clinic readmissions, finding cancerous tumors, and developing personalized drug
dosing recommendations. We also examine the potential benefits and challenges of utilizing
ML in healthcare data analysis, including issues related to data quality, privacy, and interpretability.
Lastly, we discuss the forthcoming research paths, involving the necessity for enhanced
methods for incorporating information from several resources, developing more interpretable
ML patterns, and addressing ethical and regulatory challenges. The usage of ML in digital
healthcare data analysis promises to transform healthcare by empowering more precise diagnoses,
personalized treatments, and improved health outcomes, and this work offers a complete
overview of the current trends.
Access and Secure Patient Medical Records using Blockchain Technology based Framework: A Review
Authors: Vistro Daniel Mago , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Rehman Attique Ur , Zafar Waleed
Published: June 2024

Blockchain technology has a key role in electronic health record systems for
storing, accessing and securing patients’ medical records. Patients’ medical information
is being stored like personal bio, diagnosis, treatments, etc. This information is very
sensitive and private, and it has remained a big challenge to access and secure patient
medical records in a decentralized manner. Blockchain has become very important for
its use in storing, accessing and managing patient medical records in a very secure and
decentralized manner. In this paper, a systematic literature review has been done to
review blockchain architecture for electronic health records systems to store, access
and secure patient medical records. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the
use of blockchain in accessing and securing patient medical records. Moreover, some
blockchain-based electronic health records systems have been presented to secure the
records. Lastly, some challenges and gaps in using blockchain-based medical health
records systems have been presented.
Circulating lncRNAs HOTTIP and HOTAIR as Potential Biomarkers in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome: A Preliminary Report from Shiraz Liver Transplant Research Center
Authors: Motazedian Nasrin , Mokhtari Masoud , Azarpira Negar , Falamarzi Kimia , Mohammadi Mohsen , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Pourjafar Sarina , Ataollahi Maryam , Esfandiari Elaheh , Hossein-Aghdaie Mahdokht , Malekhosseini Seyed Ali , Kazemi Tayebeh , Dara Mahintaj
Published: June 2024

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired bilirubin metabolism, leading to neurotoxic unconjugated bilirubin accumulation. Liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment, highlighting the need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in various diseases, including cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of lncRNAs HOTTIP and HOTAIR in CNS patients and healthy controls, exploring their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. Serum samples from CNS patients (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 26) were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. While both lncRNAs showed decreased expression in CNS patients compared to controls, the differences were not statistically significant. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed promising diagnostic performances for both lncRNAs. Correlations between lncRNA expression and clinical parameters were explored, revealing potential associations with disease progression. Overall, this study provides preliminary insights into the role of lncRNAs HOTTIP and HOTAIR in CNS and underscores the need for further research to validate their utility as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this rare disorder.
Data-Driven Identification of Potentially Successful Intervention Implementations Using 5 Years of Opioid Prescribing Data: Retrospective Database Study
Authors: Hopcroft Lisa EM , Curtis Helen J , Croker Richard , Pretis Felix , Inglesby Peter , Evans David , Bacon Sebastian , Goldacre Ben , Walker Alex J , MacKenna Brian
Published: June 2024

Background

We have previously demonstrated that opioid prescribing increased by 127% between 1998 and 2016. New policies aimed at tackling this increasing trend have been recommended by public health bodies, and there is some evidence that progress is being made.

Objective

We sought to extend our previous work and develop a data-driven approach to identify general practices and clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) whose prescribing data suggest that interventions to reduce the prescribing of opioids may have been successfully implemented.

Methods

We analyzed 5 years of prescribing data (December 2014 to November 2019) for 3 opioid prescribing measures—total opioid prescribing as oral morphine equivalent per 1000 registered population, the number of high-dose opioids prescribed per 1000 registered population, and the number of high-dose opioids as a percentage of total opioids prescribed. Using a data-driven approach, we applied a modified version of our change detection Python library to identify reductions in these measures over time, which may be consistent with the successful implementation of an intervention to reduce opioid prescribing. This analysis was carried out for general practices and CCGs, and organizations were ranked according to the change in prescribing rate.

Results

We identified a reduction in total opioid prescribing in 94 (49.2%) out of 191 CCGs, with a median reduction of 15.1 (IQR 11.8-18.7; range 9.0-32.8) in total oral morphine equivalence per 1000 patients. We present data for the 3 CCGs and practices demonstrating the biggest reduction in opioid prescribing for each of the 3 opioid prescribing measures. We observed a 40% proportional drop (8.9% absolute reduction) in the regular prescribing of high-dose opioids (measured as a percentage of regular opioids) in the highest-ranked CCG (North Tyneside); a 99% drop in this same measure was found in several practices (44%-95% absolute reduction). Decile plots demonstrate that CCGs exhibiting large reductions in opioid prescribing do so via slow and gradual reductions over a long period of time (typically over a period of 2 years); in contrast, practices exhibiting large reductions do so rapidly over a much shorter period of time.

Conclusions

By applying 1 of our existing analysis tools to a national data set, we were able to identify rapid and maintained changes in opioid prescribing within practices and CCGs and rank organizations by the magnitude of reduction. Highly ranked organizations are candidates for further qualitative research into intervention design and implementation.
Public Maternal Health Dashboards in the United States: Descriptive Assessment
Authors: Callaghan-Koru Jennifer A , Newman Chargois Paige , Tiwari Tanvangi , Brown Clare C , Greenfield William , Koru Güneş
Published: June 2024

Background

Data dashboards have become more widely used for the public communication of health-related data, including in maternal health.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the content and features of existing publicly available maternal health dashboards in the United States.

Methods

Through systematic searches, we identified 80 publicly available, interactive dashboards presenting US maternal health data. We abstracted and descriptively analyzed the technical features and content of identified dashboards across four areas: (1) scope and origins, (2) technical capabilities, (3) data sources and indicators, and (4) disaggregation capabilities. Where present, we abstracted and qualitatively analyzed dashboard text describing the purpose and intended audience.

Results

Most reviewed dashboards reported state-level data (58/80, 72%) and were hosted on a state health department website (48/80, 60%). Most dashboards reported data from only 1 (33/80, 41%) or 2 (23/80, 29%) data sources. Key indicators, such as the maternal mortality rate (10/80, 12%) and severe maternal morbidity rate (12/80, 15%), were absent from most dashboards. Included dashboards used a range of data visualizations, and most allowed some disaggregation by time (65/80, 81%), geography (65/80, 81%), and race or ethnicity (55/80, 69%). Among dashboards that identified their audience (30/80, 38%), legislators or policy makers and public health agencies or organizations were the most common audiences.

Conclusions

While maternal health dashboards have proliferated, their designs and features are not standard. This assessment of maternal health dashboards in the United States found substantial variation among dashboards, including inconsistent data sources, health indicators, and disaggregation capabilities. Opportunities to strengthen dashboards include integrating a greater number of data sources, increasing disaggregation capabilities, and considering end-user needs in dashboard design.
The Influence of Billboard-Based Tobacco Prevention Posters on Memorization, Attitudes, and Craving: Immersive Virtual Reality Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bonneterre Solenne , Zerhouni Oulmann , Boffo Marilisa
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Health prevention campaigns often face challenges in reaching their target audience and achieving the desired impact on health behaviors. These campaigns, particularly those aimed at reducing tobacco use, require rigorous evaluation methods to assess their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to use immersive virtual reality (iVR) to systematically evaluate recall, attitudinal, and craving responses to antitobacco prevention messages when presented in a realistic virtual environment, thereby exploring the potential of iVR as a novel tool to improve the effectiveness of public health campaigns.

METHODS

A total of 121 undergraduate students (mean age 19.6, SD 3.7 years), mostly female (n=99, 82.5%), were invited to take a guided walk in the virtual environment, where they were randomly exposed to a different ratio of prevention and general advertising posters (80/20 or 20/80) depending on the experimental condition. Participants’ gaze was tracked throughout the procedure, and outcomes were assessed after the iVR exposure.

RESULTS

Incidental exposure to antitobacco prevention and general advertising posters did not significantly alter attitudes toward tobacco. Memorization of prevention posters was unexpectedly better in the condition where advertising was more frequent (β=–6.15; P<.001), and high contrast between poster types led to a better memorization of the less frequent type. Despite a nonsignificant trend, directing attention to prevention posters slightly improved their memorization (β=.02; P=.07). In addition, the duration of exposure to prevention posters relative to advertisements negatively affected memorization of advertising posters (β=–2.30; P=.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Although this study did not find significant changes in attitudes toward tobacco after exposure to prevention campaigns using iVR, the technology does show promise as an evaluation tool. To fully evaluate the use of iVR in public health prevention strategies, future research should examine different types of content, longer exposure durations, and different contexts.

CLINICALTRIAL

Open Science Framework E3YK7; https://osf.io/e3yk7
Comparing Human-Smartphone Interactions and Actigraphy Measurements for Circadian Rhythm Stability and Adiposity: Algorithm Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chuang Hai-Hua , Lin Chen , Lee Li-Ang , Chang Hsiang-Chih , She Guan-Jie , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between adiposity and circadian rhythm and compare the measurement of circadian rhythm using both actigraphy and a smartphone app that tracks human-smartphone interactions.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesized that the app-based measurement may provide more comprehensive information, including light-sensitive melatonin secretion and social rhythm, and have stronger correlations with adiposity indicators.

METHODS

We enrolled a total of 78 participants (mean age 41.5, SD 9.9 years; 46/78, 59% women) from both an obesity outpatient clinic and a workplace health promotion program. All participants (n=29 with obesity, n=16 overweight, and n=33 controls) were required to wear a wrist actigraphy device and install the Rhythm app for a minimum of 4 weeks, contributing to a total of 2182 person-days of data collection. The Rhythm app estimates sleep and circadian rhythm indicators by tracking human-smartphone interactions, which correspond to actigraphy. We examined the correlations between adiposity indices and sleep and circadian rhythm indicators, including sleep time, chronotype, and regularity of circadian rhythm, while controlling for physical activity level, age, and gender.

RESULTS

Sleep onset and wake time measurements did not differ significantly between the app and actigraphy; however, wake after sleep onset was longer (13.5, SD 19.5 minutes) with the app, resulting in a longer actigraphy-measured total sleep time (TST) of 20.2 (SD 66.7) minutes. The obesity group had a significantly longer TST with both methods. App-measured circadian rhythm indicators were significantly lower than their actigraphy-measured counterparts. The obesity group had significantly lower interdaily stability (IS) than the control group with both methods. The multivariable-adjusted model revealed a negative correlation between BMI and app-measured IS (P=.007). Body fat percentage (BF%) and visceral adipose tissue area (VAT) showed significant correlations with both app-measured IS and actigraphy-measured IS. The app-measured midpoint of sleep showed a positive correlation with both BF% and VAT. Actigraphy-measured TST exhibited a positive correlation with BMI, VAT, and BF%, while no significant correlation was found between app-measured TST and either BMI, VAT, or BF%.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that IS is strongly correlated with various adiposity indicators. Further exploration of the role of circadian rhythm, particularly measured through human-smartphone interactions, in obesity prevention could be warranted.