bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTURA Y NATURALEZA EN LA GEOGRAFÍA AMBIENTAL DEL SIGLO XXI
Authors: Carballo Cristina Teresa
Published: August 2021

Los problemas ambientales son un hecho sin discusión, pero actualmente, qué papel juega la geografía ambiental. Qué tradiciones se rompen o se continúan en la relación cultura-naturaleza. Este trabajo partió de la premisa de la centralidad de la valoración cultural que nos ha permitido -como colectivo- a replantear temas de indagación teórica como empírica y que demandan un debate sobre las tradiciones epistemológicas del determinismo geográfico. No cabe duda que hoy necesitamos cuestionar otro tipo de determinismos como el tecnológico y económico cortoplacista, y visibilizar con mayor énfasis la complejidad del ambiente y su papel en los estudios y narraciones geográficas del presente. Este trabajo toma siete revistas internacionales de reconocimiento científico en el campo disciplinar y realiza un relevamiento de publicaciones que abordan la cuestión ambiental. Se organiza en tres momentos: a. presentación de la naturaleza como problema; b. metodología utilizada en la contextualización cultural de los estudios ambientales y, c. se presentan algunos resultados y conclusiones sobre la orientación crítica de las investigaciones ambientales.
PAISAGENS: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA ARTE PARA A GEOGRAFIA SOCIOCULTURAL
Authors: De Almeida Maria Geralda
Published: August 2021

Este artigo realiza uma leitura da paisagem aproximando a geografia sociocultural da arte. A reflexão apresenta brevemente os paisagistas que se destacaram na arte, com uma transformação da concepção de natureza, e cunharam o termo paisagem, apropriado pela geografia. Além disso, uma discussão sobre imagens, imaginação e imaginário beneficia o entendimento da criação e dos usos da paisagem, sobretudo na geografia sociocultural. Na atualidade, o homem é saturado de imagens decorrentes de novas técnicas e de satélites. E está em curso uma crise de representação de paisagem arquetípica, cuja imagem não tem correspondência com a paisagem real.
SOBRE A HISTÓRIA DE UMA REVISTA: MATERIALIDADE E PLURALIDADE TEMÁTICA
Authors: Lamego Mariana , Novaes André Reyes , Oliveira Jefferson Rodrigues de
Published: August 2021

O texto apresenta uma história da Revista Espaço e Cultura considerando sua materialidade que compreende seu contexto de produção, circulação e recepção. Propõe uma periodização da revista considerando como marcos, as transformações pelas quais passou, tanto em seu conteúdo, com a ampliação da participação de autoras e autores e a dinamização e multiplicação de temáticas, como também transformações em relação aos seus formatos e identidades visuais. Na segunda parte do texto, são exploradas de modo mais detalhado três temáticas que marcam essa história de 25 anos da publicação. Os temas dos estudos da religião em sua dimensão espacial, as representações e as imagens e as questões conectadas ao gênero e à sexualidade.
BP-AdaBoost Algorithm Based on Variational Mode Decomposition Optimized by Envelope Entropy for Diagnosing the Working Conditions of a Slideway Seedling-Picking Mechanism
Authors: He Zhitao , Zhang Haiyang , Wang Jun , Jin Xin , Gao Song , Pang Jing
Published: August 2021

Highlights

A method of monitoring the working conditions of a slideway seedling-picking mechanism based on variational mode decomposition (VMD), envelope entropy, and energy entropy is proposed.

Based on the criterion of envelope entropy minimization, the combination of the decomposition layer number and penalty factor in VMD is optimized to yield a satisfactory decomposition effect of the analyzed vibration signal.

The BP-AdaBoost algorithm is used to improve the working condition classification performance for the slideway seedling-picking mechanism.

The working-condition identification effect with the proposed method are compared with those through EMD-based, LMD-based, and EEMD-based methods.

Abstract
. The slideway seedling-picking mechanism is a type of rotating machinery. This study proposes a novel method of identifying the working conditions of slideway seedling-picking mechanisms for early fault diagnosis by utilizing a back-propagation adaptive boosting (BP-AdaBoost) algorithm based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) optimized by the envelope entropy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively verify the four working conditions (normal state, slideway failure, cam failure, and spring failure). The overall recognition accuracy reaches 90.0% under the optimal combination of the decomposition layer number K and penalty factor a in VMD determined through the envelope entropy minimization criterion. Classification comparisons with empirical mode decomposition (EMD), local mean decomposition (LMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) integrated into the BP-AdaBoost algorithm indicate that the overall recognition accuracy of the proposed method is 18.1%, 16.9%, and 15.6% higher than the accuracies of the three conventional methods, respectively. Compared with the K-means, support vector machine (SVM) algorithms, BP-AdaBoost algorithm demonstrates a more dependable capability for identifying the working conditions. This study provides a useful reference for monitoring the working conditions of slideway seedling-picking mechanisms. Keywords: BP-AdaBoost algorithm, Energy entropy, Envelope entropy, Slideway seedling-picking mechanism, Variational mode decomposition, Working conditions.
Experimental Study on Tensile Properties of Sugarcane Leaves
Authors: Bai Jing , Ma Shaochun , Hu Jiwei , Wei Yi , Wang Fenglei , Xing Haonan
Published: August 2021

Highlights

This article focuses on the tensile properties of sugarcane leaves.

The moisture content and sheath diameter were selected as test factors, and the test index was the stalk-leaf connecting force.

The load-displacement curves of stalks and leaves were plotted.

Two-way ANOVA was also discussed.

Abstract
. The tensile properties of sugarcane leaves are critical factors affecting the harvesting quality of sugarcane harvesters. Thus, it is important to investigate the tensile properties of sugarcane stalks and leaves. The selected test factors were leaf moisture content and sheath diameter, and the stalk-leaf connecting force was selected as test index. The tests were conducted with two moisture content levels of 15% and 20%, and three sheath diameters of 22, 26, and 30 mm. The stress-strain curves of stalks and leaves were plotted to show how the tensile force varied during the tensile test. The results showed that there was a strong linear correlation between the stalk-leaf connecting force and diameter of leaf sheath, and the connecting force also increased with the increasing moisture content. In addition, leaf tensile forces in longitudinal direction were much larger than in transverse direction. Two-way ANOVA revealed that both of the moisture contents (A) and sheath diameters (B) had significant effects on the stalk-leaf connecting force (p < 0.01), however, the interaction between A and B was not significant (p > 0.1). This study provides a theoretical reference for the design and improvement of crop dividers of sugarcane harvester. Keywords: Moisture content, Sheath diameter, Stalk-leaf connecting force, Sugarcane leaves, Universal testing machine, Tensile properties.
Neural Network Based Prediction of Soluble Solids Concentrationin Oriental Melon Using VIS/NIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Sang-Yeon , Hong Suk-Ju , Kim Eungchan , Lee Chang-Hyup , Kim Ghiseok
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Non-destructive soluble solids content prediction model for oriental melon was developed based on NIR spectrum data.

Not only the classical ML or Neural-Network methods, but also the mixture of both techniques have also been tried.

Comparing the various pre-processing methods, the MSC-PLS-ANN model showed the best results.

MSC-PLS-ANN model demonstrated 6% of improvement in RMSE score over the PLSR model, which is commonly used in commercial products

Abstract.
Models for predicting the soluble solids concentration (SSC) of oriental melons were developed and evaluated by applying near infrared spectroscopy and an artificial neural network technique. For the evaluation, a total of 300 oriental melons, both ripe and unripe, were mixed together and sampled. To develop an SSC prediction model, the actual SSC values of specimens having the same spectra as those of the visible/near infrared wavelength bands were measured. The measured spectra were preprocessed using eight methods [Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Robust Normal Variate, Savitzky-Golay 1st and 2nd; Min-Max Normalization; Robust Normalization; Standardization], and the SSC prediction model was developed by applying three techniques (Partial Least Squared Regression [PLSR], Artificial Neural Network [ANN], and Convolutional Neural Network [CNN]). Among them, the PLSR technique also applied a Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) method for wavelength selection. Among the PLSR-based SSC prediction models, the SNV-preprocessed PLSR model showed the best SSC prediction performance (RMSEtest, 0.67; R2test, 0.81). Among the ANN-based models, the MSC-preprocessed PLS-ANN model showed the best SSC prediction performance (RMSEtest: 0.63, R2test: 0.83). Among the CNN-based models, the DeepSpectra model was applied, but showed the lowest prediction performance (RMSEtest: 0.79, R2test: 0.74). In conclusion, among the three SSC prediction algorithms tested in this study, the PLS-ANN-based prediction model showed the best SSC prediction performance, which was found to be higher than that of the PLSR-based SSC prediction model applied to the sugar sorters currently used in agricultural products at processing centers. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Convolution Neural Network, Korean melon, VIP-PLSR, VIS/NIR spectroscopy.
Broadband Green’s function-KKR-multiple scattering method for calculations of normalized band-field solutions in magneto-optics crystals
Authors: Gao Ruoxing , Tsang Leung , Tan Shurun , Liao Tien-Hao
Published: August 2021

We apply the broadband Green’s function-KKR-multiple scattering theory (BBGF-KKR-MST) to calculate normalized band-field solutions of magneto-optic crystals. The advantage of the method is that the matrix eigensystem equations are of low order. For the first three bands, a total of three cylindrical waves is sufficient to characterize the eigensystem and the dimension of the matrix equation is only three. Using the eigenvalue and the eigenvector, the band-field solutions and the normalizations are calculated by two methods: (i) the method of complementary plane waves and (ii) the method of higher-order cylindrical waves. The complementary plane waves satisfy the extinction theorem. The higher-order cylindrical waves method requires only 15 coefficients of cylindrical waves to represent the band fields in the entire cell. The normalizations of the band-field solutions are calculated without the need for volumetric integrations. Results are illustrated for points in the first Brillouin zone. The CPU time requirement using MATLAB is 28 ms for the first four bands of a point in the Brillouin zone.
Flexibly designed polarization-independent electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect via hybrid metal–dielectric terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Hu Sen , Citrin D. S. , Liu Dan
Published: August 2021

Opening the terahertz electromagnetic band to a wealth of applications still requires the development of new devices. For example, effective means to filter, modulate, and route terahertz beams are still required for terahertz communications, spectroscopy, and sensing to achieve their promise. In particular, metasurfaces are widely discussed for future 6G wireless communications systems. These applications, however, will also require new functionality, such as the ability to design structures enabling a more complex spectral response. Here we outline systematic design principles to realize the polarization-independent electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in a class of planar terahertz metamaterials that can be fabricated using commonly available processes and whose structural parameters can be flexibly varied to provide wide tuning of the transparency windows within the broader absorption band. We also show how the basic concept can be used to achieve dual transparency bands.
Localization precision in chromatic multifocal imaging
Authors: Amin M. Junaid , Petry Sabine , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Yang Haw
Published: August 2021

Multifocal microscopy affords fast acquisition of microscopic 3D images. This is made possible using a multifocal grating optic; however, this induces chromatic dispersion effects in the point spread function, impacting image quality and single-molecule localization precision. To minimize this effect, researchers use narrow-band emission filters. However, the choice of optimal emission filter bandwidth in such systems is, thus far, unclear. This work presents a theoretical framework to investigate how the localization precision of a point emitter is affected by the emission filter bandwidth. We calculate the Cramér–Rao lower bound for the 3D position of a single emitter imaged using a chromatic multifocal microscope. Simulation results for a range of emission bandwidth systems show that in the absence of background photons and detector noise localization improves for broader emission filter bandwidth due to increased photon throughput despite a larger chromatic dispersion. When realistic background and measurement noise sources are considered in the imaging process being simulated, there is an optimal bandwidth (not the broadest emission filter bandwidth) which provides the highest localization precision. This study provides a framework for optimally designing chromatic multifocal optics and serves as a theoretical foundation for interpretting results.
3D chaos lidar system with a pulsed master oscillator power amplifier scheme
Authors: Chen Jun-Da , Ho Hsin-Lin , Tsay Han-Ling , Lee You-Lin , Yang Ching-An , Wu Kuan-Wei , Sun Jia-Long , Tsai Da-Jie , Lin Fan-Yi
Published: August 2021

We investigated the characteristics of chaos-modulated pulses amplified by a pulsed master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) for application in a new chaos lidar system in this study. Compared with the loss modulation applied in a continuous-wave (CW) time-gating scheme, the pulsed MOPA scheme could generate chaos-modulated pulses with much higher peak power, resulting in an improved peak-to-standard deviation of sidelobe level (PSLstd) in correlation-based lidar detection. When the pulsed MOPA scheme was applied at a duty cycle of 0.1% and pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz, which correspond to specifications compliant with eye safety regulations, it outperformed the CW time-gating scheme with respect to PSLstd by 15 dB. For the first time, we applied the chaos lidar system with the pulsed MOPA scheme to execute high-resolution, high-precision three-dimensional (3D) face profiling from a distance of 5 m. We also added the corresponding PSLstd value to each pixel in the point clouds to generate false-color images; thus, we obtained 3D images of a scene with multiple objects at a range of up to 20 m.
Simulation and experimental observations of axial position control of a photonic nanojet by a dielectric cube with a metal screen
Authors: Liu Cheng-Yang , Chen Wei-Yu , Geints Yury E. , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V.
Published: August 2021

In this Letter, we report on a numerical study, fabrication, and experimental observations of photonic nanojet (PNJ) shaping by control of a tangential electric field component. Here the PNJs are generated by a single mesoscale micro-cube that is fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane, deposited on a silicon substrate and placed on thick metal screen at illuminating wavelengths of 405, 532, and 671 nm. It is shown that the length, focal length, and width of the PNJ can be significantly reduced in the presence of the metal masks along the side faces of the micro-cube. Experimental measurements of the PNJ imaging are performed by a scanning optical microscope with laser sources. Our experimental results are in reasonable agreement with simulation predictions of the finite-difference time-domain method. Due to the appearance of the metal masks, the PNJ focal length decreases 1.5 times, the PNJ decay length decreases 1.7 times, and the PNJ resolution increases 1.2 times. Such PNJs possess great potential in complex manipulation, including integrated plasmonic circuits, biosensing, and optical tweezers.
Fiber-optic gyroscope for the suppression of a Faraday-effect-induced bias error
Authors: Yertutanol Aylin , Akçaalan Önder , Öğüt Serdar , Özbay Ekmel , Ceylan Abdullah
Published: August 2021

Inertial rotation sensors, interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes (IFOGs), are widely used in military and industrial applications due to their high sensitivity and stability. In this Letter, a new, to the best of our knowledge, fiber coil design is proposed to reduce magnetic field sensitivity without adding any optical components or electronic algorithms to the IFOG system. It is shown that this design can be applied without disturbing the simplest IFOG structure. Considering the fact that the magnetic field has an invertible effect on polarization, the compensation of the Faraday-effect-induced bias error has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally by allowing two different polarizations to travel inside the fiber coil. According to the experimental results, the bias error was reduced approximately 20 times from

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Stable, multi-mode lasing in the strong localization regime from InP random nanowire arrays at low temperature
Authors: Rashidi Mohammad , Tan Hark Hoe , Mokkapati Sudha
Published: August 2021

Disorder is generally considered an undesired element in lasing action. However, in random lasers whose feedback mechanism is based on random scattering events, disorder plays a very important and critical role. Even though some unique properties in random lasers such as large-angle emission, lasing from different surfaces, large-area manufacturability, and wavelength tunability can be advantageous in certain applications, the applicability of random lasers has been limited due to the chaotic fluctuations and instability of the lasing modes because of weak confinement. To solve this, mode localization could reduce the spatial overlap between lasing modes, thus preventing mode competition and improving stability, leading to laser sources with high quality factors and very low thresholds. Here, by using a random array of III-V nanowires, high-quality-factor localized modes are demonstrated. We present the experimental evidence of strong light localization in multi-mode random nanowire lasers which are temporally stable at low temperatures.
Validation and tuning of in situ transcriptomics image processing workflows with crowdsourced annotations
Authors: Vo-Phamhi Jenny M. , Yamauchi Kevin A. , Gómez-Sjöberg Rafael
Published: August 2021

Recent advancements in in situ methods, such as multiplexed in situ RNA hybridization and in situ RNA sequencing, have deepened our understanding of the way biological processes are spatially organized in tissues. Automated image processing and spot-calling algorithms for analyzing in situ transcriptomics images have many parameters which need to be tuned for optimal detection. Having ground truth datasets (images where there is very high confidence on the accuracy of the detected spots) is essential for evaluating these algorithms and tuning their parameters. We present a first-in-kind open-source toolkit and framework for in situ transcriptomics image analysis that incorporates crowdsourced annotations, alongside expert annotations, as a source of ground truth for the analysis of in situ transcriptomics images. The kit includes tools for preparing images for crowdsourcing annotation to optimize crowdsourced workers’ ability to annotate these images reliably, performing quality control (QC) on worker annotations, extracting candidate parameters for spot-calling algorithms from sample images, tuning parameters for spot-calling algorithms, and evaluating spot-calling algorithms and worker performance. These tools are wrapped in a modular pipeline with a flexible structure that allows users to take advantage of crowdsourced annotations from any source of their choice. We tested the pipeline using real and synthetic in situ transcriptomics images and annotations from the Amazon Mechanical Turk system obtained via Quanti.us. Using real images from in situ experiments and simulated images produced by one of the tools in the kit, we studied worker sensitivity to spot characteristics and established rules for annotation QC. We explored and demonstrated the use of ground truth generated in this way for validating spot-calling algorithms and tuning their parameters, and confirmed that consensus crowdsourced annotations are a viable substitute for expert-generated ground truth for these purposes.
Feedback regulation of Notch signaling and myogenesis connected by MyoD–Dll1 axis
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Shang Renjie , Bi Pengpeng
Published: August 2021

Muscle precursor cells known as myoblasts are essential for muscle development and regeneration. Notch signaling is an ancient intercellular communication mechanism that plays prominent roles in controlling the myogenic program of myoblasts. Currently whether and how the myogenic cues feedback to refine Notch activities in these cells are largely unknown. Here, by mouse and human gene gain/loss-of-function studies, we report that MyoD directly turns on the expression of Notch-ligand gene Dll1 which activates Notch pathway to prevent precautious differentiation in neighboring myoblasts, while autonomously inhibits Notch to facilitate a myogenic program in Dll1 expressing cells. Mechanistically, we studied cis-regulatory DNA motifs underlying the MyoD–Dll1–Notch axis in vivo by characterizing myogenesis of a novel E-box deficient mouse model, as well as in human cells through CRISPR-mediated interference. These results uncovered the crucial transcriptional mechanism that mediates the reciprocal controls of Notch and myogenesis.
Assessment of the Chad guinea worm surveillance information system: A pivotal foundation for eradication
Authors: Karki Saugat , Weiss Adam , Dcruz Jina , Hunt Dorothy , Haigood Brandon , Ouakou Philip Tchindebet , Chop Elisabeth , Zirimwabagabo Hubert , Rubenstein Beth L. , Yerian Sarah , Roy Sharon L. , Kamb Mary L. , Guagliardo Sarah Anne J.
Published: August 2021

Background

In the absence of a vaccine or pharmacological treatment, prevention and control of Guinea worm disease is dependent on timely identification and containment of cases to interrupt transmission. The Chad Guinea Worm Eradication Program (CGWEP) surveillance system detects and monitors Guinea worm disease in both humans and animals. Although Guinea worm cases in humans has declined, the discovery of canine infections in dogs in Chad has posed a significant challenge to eradication efforts. A foundational information system that supports the surveillance activities with modern data management practices is needed to support continued program efficacy.

Methods

We sought to assess the current CGWEP surveillance and information system to identify gaps and redundancies and propose system improvements. We reviewed documentation, consulted with subject matter experts and stakeholders, inventoried datasets to map data elements and information flow, and mapped data management processes. We used the Information Value Cycle (IVC) and Data-Information System-Context (DISC) frameworks to help understand the information generated and identify gaps.

Results

Findings from this study identified areas for improvement, including the need for consolidation of forms that capture the same demographic variables, which could be accomplished with an electronic data capture system. Further, the mental models (conceptual frameworks) IVC and DISC highlighted the need for more detailed, standardized workflows specifically related to information management.

Conclusions

Based on these findings, we proposed a four-phased roadmap for centralizing data systems and transitioning to an electronic data capture system. These included: development of a data governance plan, transition to electronic data entry and centralized data storage, transition to a relational database, and cloud-based integration. The method and outcome of this assessment could be used by other neglected tropical disease programs looking to transition to modern electronic data capture systems.
Personality, subjective well-being, and the serotonin 1a receptor gene in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Weiss Alexander , Yokoyama Chihiro , Hayashi Takuya , Inoue-Murayama Miho
Published: August 2021

Studies of personality traits in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) indicate that there are five or six constructs—Sociability, Dominance, Neuroticism, Openness, and two related to Conscientiousness. The present study attempted to determine whether our earlier study of laboratory-housed individuals only yielded three—Dominance, Sociability, and Neuroticism—because of a low amount of between-subjects variance. To do so, we increased our sample size from 77 to 128. In addition, we ascertained the reliability and validity of ratings and whether polymorphisms related to the serotonin 1a receptor were associated with personality. We found Sociability, Dominance, and Negative Affect factors that resembled three domains found in previous studies, including ours. We also found an Openness and Impulsiveness factor, the latter of which bore some resemblance to Conscientiousness, and two higher-order factors, Pro-sociality and Boldness. In further analyses, we could not exclude the possibility that Pro-sociality and Boldness represented a higher-level of personality organization. Correlations between personality factors and well-being were consistent with the definitions of the factors. There were no significant associations between personality and genotype. These results suggest that common marmoset personality structure varies as a function of rearing or housing variables that have not yet been investigated systematically.
Mitigation strategies and compliance in the COVID-19 fight; how much compliance is enough?
Authors: Mukerjee Swati , Chow Clifton M. , Li Mingfei
Published: August 2021

The U.S. with only 4% of the world’s population, bears a disproportionate share of infections in the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand this puzzle, we investigate how mitigation strategies and compliance can work together (or in opposition) to reduce (or increase) the spread of COVID-19 infection. Building on the Oxford index, we create state-specific stringency indices tailored to U.S. conditions, to measure the degree of strictness of public mitigation measures. A modified time-varying SEIRD model, incorporating this Stringency Index as well as a Compliance Indicator is then estimated with daily data for a sample of 6 U.S. states: New York, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, and Arizona. We provide a simple visual policy tool to evaluate the various combinations of mitigation policies and compliance that can reduce the basic reproduction number to less than one, the acknowledged threshold in the epidemiological literature to control the pandemic. Understanding of this relationship by both the public and policy makers is key to controlling the pandemic. This tool has the potential to be used in a real-time, dynamic fashion for flexible policy options. Our methodology can be applied to other countries and has the potential to be extended to other epidemiological models as well. With this first step in attempting to quantify the factors that go into the “black box” of the transmission factor β, we hope that our work will stimulate further research in the dual role of mitigation policies and compliance.
Improving water quality does not guarantee fish health: Effects of ammonia pollution on the behaviour of wild-caught pre-exposed fish
Authors: Soler Patricia , Faria Melissa , Barata Carlos , García-Galea Eduardo , Lorente Beatriz , Vinyoles Dolors
Published: August 2021

Ammonia is a pollutant frequently found in aquatic ecosystems. In fish, ammonia can cause physical damage, alter its behaviour, and even cause death. Exposure to ammonia also increases fish physiological stress, which can be measured through biomarkers. In this study, we analysed the effect of sublethal ammonia concentrations on the behaviour and the oxidative stress of Barbus meridionalis that had been pre-exposed to this compound in the wild. Wild-caught fish from a polluted site (pre-exposed fish) and from an unpolluted site (non-pre-exposed fish) were exposed, under experimental conditions, to total ammonia concentrations (TAN) of 0, 1, 5, and 8 mg/L. Swimming activity, feeding behaviour, and oxidative stress response based on biomarkers were analysed. Pre-exposed fish showed both an altered behaviour and an altered oxidative stress response in the control treatment (0 mg/L). Differences in swimming activity were also found as pre-exposed fish swam less. Lower feeding activity (voracity and satiety) and altered response to oxidative stress were also observed at ≥ 1 mg/L TAN. Biomarker results confirmed pre-exposed fish suffer from a reduction in their antioxidant defences and, hence, showed increased oxidative tissue damage. In summary, pre-exposed fish showed more sensitivity to ammonia exposure than fish from a pristine site.
Detecting sentiment dynamics and clusters of Twitter users for trending topics in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmed Md Shoaib , Aurpa Tanjim Taharat , Anwar Md Musfique
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 caused a significant public health crisis worldwide and triggered some other issues such as economic crisis, job cuts, mental anxiety, etc. This pandemic plies across the world and involves many people not only through the infection but also agitation, stress, fret, fear, repugnance, and poignancy. During this time, social media involvement and interaction increase dynamically and share one’s viewpoint and aspects under those mentioned health crises. From user-generated content on social media, we can analyze the public’s thoughts and sentiments on health status, concerns, panic, and awareness related to COVID-19, which can ultimately assist in developing health intervention strategies and design effective campaigns based on public perceptions. In this work, we scrutinize the users’ sentiment in different time intervals to assist in trending topics in Twitter on the COVID-19 tweets dataset. We also find out the sentimental clusters from the sentiment categories. With the help of comprehensive sentiment dynamics, we investigate different experimental results that exhibit different multifariousness in social media engagement and communication in the pandemic period.
Analysis of prevalence and influencing factors of stroke in elderly hypertensive patients: Based on the screening plan for the high-risk population of stroke in Jiading District, Shanghai
Authors: Liu Jiefeng , Chen Yuqian , Jin Chunlin , Chen Duo , Gao Guangfeng , Li Fen
Published: August 2021

Background

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of stroke in hypertensive patients aged 60 and above in Jiading District, Shanghai.

Methods

The population-based study included 18,724 screened people with hypertension (age ≥ 60 years, 48.7% women). From 2016 to 2019, data on demographics, potential influencing factors and health status were collected through face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Logistic multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors associated with stroke.

Results

Among the object of study from 2016 to 2019, 2,025 patients were screened for stroke, with the overall prevalence rate of 10.82% (10.41%-11.23%). Multivariate adjusted model analysis showed that dyslipidemia (OR:1.31,95%CI:1.19–1.45), lack of exercise (OR:1.91,95%CI:1.32–2.76), atrial fibrillation [OR:1.49,95%CI:1.35–1.65), family history of stroke (OR:2.18,95%CI:1.6–2.88) were the significant independent influencing factors of stroke in hypertensive patients over 60 years old. When these four factors were combined, compared with participants without any of these factors, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of risk of stroke for persons concurrently having one, two and three or more of these factors were 1.89 (1.67–2.13), 2.15 (1.86–2.47) and 6.84 (4.90–9.55), respectively (linear trend P < 0.001); after multivariate adjustment, the family history of stroke had additive interaction with lack of exercise [RERI = 1.08(0.22–1.94), AP = 0.19(0.04–0.35), S = 1.31(1.02–1.69)], dyslipidemia [RERI = 0.87(0.41–1.33), AP = 0.23(0.08–0.38), S = 1.46(1.04–2.05)].

Conclusion

The prevalence of stroke was high in hypertensive patients aged 60 and above in Jiading District, Shanghai. Dyslipidemia, lack of exercise, atrial fibrillation and family history of stroke were significantly associated with stroke in hypertensive population. Stroke risk can be increased especially when multiple factors coexisting, and family history of stroke combined with a lack of exercise or dyslipidemia.
The relationship of tidal volume and driving pressure with mortality in hypoxic patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Authors: Raschke Robert A. , Stoffer Brenda , Assar Seth , Fountain Stephanie , Olsen Kurt , Heise C. William , Gallo Tyler , Padilla-Jones Angela , Gerkin Richard , Parthasarathy Sairam , Curry Steven C.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To determine whether tidal volume/predicted body weight (TV/PBW) or driving pressure (DP) are associated with mortality in a heterogeneous population of hypoxic mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study involving 18 intensive care units included consecutive patients ≥18 years old, receiving mechanical ventilation for ≥3 days, with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤300 mmHg, whether or not they met full criteria for ARDS. The main outcome was hospital mortality. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) incorporated TV/PBW, DP, and potential confounders including age, APACHE IVa® predicted hospital mortality, respiratory system compliance (CRS), and PaO2/FiO2. Predetermined strata of TV/PBW were compared using MLR.

Results

Our cohort comprised 5,167 patients with mean age 61.9 years, APACHE IVa® score 79.3, PaO2/FiO2 166 mmHg and CRS 40.5 ml/cm H2O. Regression analysis revealed that patients receiving DP one standard deviation above the mean or higher (≥19 cmH20) had an adjusted odds ratio for mortality (ORmort) = 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06–1.13, p = 0.009). Regression analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between strata of TV/PBW and adjusted mortality. Using TV/PBW 4–6 ml/kg as the referent group, patients receiving >10 ml/kg had similar adjusted ORmort, but those receiving 6–7, 7–8 and 8–10 ml/kg had lower adjusted ORmort (95%CI) of 0.81 (0.65–1.00), 0.78 (0.63–0.97) and 0.80 0.67–1.01) respectively. The adjusted ORmort in patients receiving 4–6 ml/kg was 1.26 (95%CI: 1.04–1.52) compared to patients receiving 6–10 ml/kg.

Conclusions

Driving pressures ≥19 cmH2O were associated with increased adjusted mortality. TV/PBW 4-6ml/kg were used in less than 15% of patients and associated with increased adjusted mortality compared to TV/PBW 6–10 ml/kg used in 82% of patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to prove whether limiting DP or the use of TV/PBW 6–10 ml/kg versus 4–6 ml/kg benefits mortality.
Probing the spatiotemporal patterns of HBV multiplication reveals novel features of its subcellular processes
Authors: Yue Lei , Li Chang , Xu Mingzhu , Wu Min , Ding Jiahui , Liu Jiangxia , Zhang Xiaonan , Yuan Zhenghong
Published: August 2021

Through evolution, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) developed highly intricate mechanisms exploiting host resources for its multiplication within a constrained genetic coding capacity. Yet a clear picture of viral hitchhiking of cellular processes with spatial resolution is still largely unsolved. Here, by leveraging bDNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with immunofluorescence, we developed a microscopic approach for multiplex detection of viral nucleic acids and proteins, which enabled us to probe some of the key aspects of HBV life cycle. We confirmed the slow kinetics and revealed the high variability of viral replication at single-cell level. We directly visualized HBV minichromosome in contact with acetylated histone 3 and RNA polymerase II and observed HBV-induced degradation of Smc5/6 complex only in primary hepatocytes. We quantified the frequency of HBV pregenomic RNAs occupied by translating ribosome or capsids. Statistics at molecular level suggested a rapid translation phase followed by a slow encapsidation and maturation phase. Finally, the roles of microtubules (MTs) on nucleocapsid assembly and virion morphogenesis were analyzed. Disruption of MTs resulted in the perinuclear retention of nucleocapsid. Meanwhile, large multivesicular body (MVB) formation was significantly disturbed as evidenced by the increase in number and decrease in volume of CD63+ vesicles, thus inhibiting mature virion secretion. In conclusion, these data provided spatially resolved molecular snapshots in the context of specific subcellular activities. The heterogeneity observed at single-cell level afforded valuable molecular insights which are otherwise unavailable from bulk measurements.
Seroprevalence of bovine coronavirus and factors associated with the serological status in dairy cattle in the western region of Thailand
Authors: Ven Samnang , Arunvipas Pipat , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda , Ratanapob Niorn
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pathogen affecting the productivities of dairy cattle worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with BCoV serological status using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the western region of Thailand. Blood samples were collected from 30 dairy herds. In total, 617 blood serum samples were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA for BCoV-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the factors which have been identified as risk factors for BCoV antibody detection. The age and history of diarrhea of each animal were recorded. Fisher's exact test was performed to univariately assess the association between BCoV serological status and possible risk factors. Variables with Fisher's exact test p<0.10 were then evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with BCoV serological status. The Bonferroni adjustment was used for multiple comparisons of significant variables in the final multivariate logistic regression model. Results: No herd was free from antibodies to BCoV. The individual seroprevalence of BCoV was 97.89% (604/617). The prevalence within herds was in the range of 45.45-100%. Cattle >3 years of age were more likely to be seropositive to BCoV compared to cattle <1 year of age (p=0.003), with the odds ratio being 81.96. Disinfecting diarrhea stools were a protective factor for being BCoV seropositive, with odds ratios of 0.08 and 0.06 compared to doing nothing (p=0.008) and to clean with water (p=0.002), respectively. Conclusion: BCoV seropositive dairy cattle were distributed throughout the western region of Thailand. The probability of being seropositive for BCoV increased with increasing animal age. Cleaning the contaminated stool with appropriate disinfectants should be recommended to farmers to minimize the spread of the virus.
Surface Analysis Due to Implantoplasty of Failed Dental Implants Using Laser Topography - An Experimental In-Vitro Study
Authors: Selvaganesh Sahana , R. Subhasree , Nessapan Thiyaneswar , R.P. Abhinav , S. Dimple
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory reaction surrounding the hard and soft tissues of the implant that is functional in the patient's mouth. If left untreated, this might lead to further bone loss, loosening of the implant and the ultimate failure of the implant. There are many treatment modalities that have been suggested to treat periimplantitis, but there are no set guidelines or protocols for the same. Implantoplasty seems to be a viable option for treating peri-implantitis, as it involves the smoothening of the macro geometry of the supracrestal exposed implant surface thus reducing the plaque accumulation and ultimately preventing the bacterial recolonization and preventing the implant from failure. This study was done to evaluate the smoothness and the fracture resistance of the implants treated by implantoplasty and as an effective treatment for peri-implantitis. METHODS This in-vitro study was done on 5 failed implants, in which 4 were subjected to a sequence of dental burs and prophy paste and 1 implant was kept as a control. They were subjected to laser topography analysis to determine the smoothness after implantoplasty, and their fracture resistance was also checked in Instron. RESULTS Implant no. 4 subjected to both dental burs and prophy paste was considered to be the smoothest with the laser topography of 2.049 mm compared to the control that was 3.132 mm. Also, the fracture resistance between the implants and the control was similar. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion implantoplasty is a suggested treatment option for patients with periimplantitis keeping in mind the practical difficulties of the procedure. KEY WORDS Peri-Implantitis, Implantoplasty, Dental Burs, Surface Analysis
Breve análise bibliométrica das produções científicas sobre privacidade e leis de proteção de dados pessoais / Brief bibliometric analysis of scientific productions on privacy and personal data protection laws
Authors: Cardozo Júlia Maciela Oliveira de Tassis Frasson , Godoy Neto Mario
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo mensurar a produção científica referente a dados pessoais, privacidade e conformidade das organizações no tratamento dado a eles e os impactos das legislações de dados pessoais sobre as instituições nas primeiras duas décadas do Século XXI. Para esse fim, fez-se um breve estudo bibliométrico, por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando a base Web of Science entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2020. Nesse sentido, a coleta das informações atualizadas auxiliou na elaboração de um Manual, que foi desenvolvido a partir dos artigos encontrados correlatos ao tema, contendo informações referentes ao Brasil. Nessa pesquisa, foram identificadas 258 publicações de alcance mundial, o que leva à conclusão de que este estudo favorece o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas na área, visto que os resultados obtidos na pesquisa sinalizam que há um número reduzido na produção de artigos científicos acerca do tema, principalmente no Brasil.
Limitações e Contribuições do Estágio para a Formação de Administradores no Brasil / Limitations and Contributions of the Internship to the Training of Administrators in BrazilMINISTRADORES NO BRASIL
Authors: Bezerra Ana Beatriz Simplício , Silva Fabiana Ferreira
Published: August 2021

Os estudos que discutem a temática do estágio desenvolvido pelos graduandos são imprescindíveis ao aperfeiçoamento desta atividade de aprendizagem, sendo Administração uma das áreas que mais oferece oportunidades de estágio. Face ao exposto, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar as limitações e contribuições do estágio para a formação de graduandos em Administração à luz da produção acadêmica nacional. No que se refere aos procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, descritiva e bibliográfica, respaldada no método de revisão sistemática da literatura. Dentre os principais resultados encontrados, destacaram-se como limitações a dificuldade dos graduandos para conciliar as atividades acadêmicas com o estágio, bem como a pressão sofrida pelos estudantes e a vigência de contratos em situações precárias. Por outro lado, quando desenvolvido adequadamente, o estágio contribui para melhorar a compreensão das questões acadêmicas, aumentar a empregabilidade dos graduandos e ampliar seu processo de socialização.
Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no Câncer de Mama: Conhecimentos e habilidades dos enfermeiros na Atenção Básica / Integrative and Complementary Practices in Breast Cancer: Knowledge and Skills of Nurses in Primary Care
Authors: Lima Janaine Gonçalves de , Correia Arthur Carlos , Evangelista Brenda Pinheiro , Feitosa Jardenia Pereira , Cruz Cleciana Alves
Published: August 2021

Resumo: As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares são tratamentos terapêuticos embasados em conhecimentos tradicionais, com objetivo de prevenir vários tipos de doenças. O câncer de mama, é o perfil de doença oncológica que mais acomete o público feminino, e tem como resultado a formação de um tumor na mama feminina, no entanto, pode acontecer no homem também, porém, nas mulheres sua incidência é maior. O estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o uso e habilidades dos participantes do estudo sobre práticas integrativas e complementares no tratamento do câncer de mama. A pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de campo, exploratória, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Foi ealizada na cidade Icó - Ce na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista semiestruturada com 06 Enfermeiros, seguindo o critério de saturação das respostas, no período de dezembro de 2020, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa, sendo aprovado sob o parecer de número 4.385.611. Os dados foram agrupados, organizados e apresentados em forma de tabela. Foram elaboradas as seguintes categorias: O uso das práticas integrativas como complementares no tratamento do câncer de mama e A opinião sobre a utilização das práticas integrativas pelo os pacientes com câncer de mama. Dessa forma, o estudo propõe que possa haver pesquisas com mais profissionais para a melhor compressão sobre a relação entre práticas integrativas com o câncer e outras patologias.