bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel technologies combined with osmotic dehydration for application in the conservation of fruits: an overview
Authors: Pinto Barbara de Sousa , Melo Ariane Carla Campos de , Costa Junior Esly Ferreira da , Costa Andréa Oliveira Souza da
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT: Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a technique used for the partial removal of water from foodstuff, including fruit and vegetables, with the aim of producing a desiccated product. The process involves placing the material in a hypertonic solution for several hours and allowing water to move from the cell compartment into the solution by osmosis. OD is influenced by various factors such as the concentration and composition of the osmotic solution, the solution temperature, the type of agitation and the time of exposure, as well as the size, shape and compactness of the food material. The main advantages of OD over conventional drying processes are the superior quality of the dried products and the minimization of shrinkage. In recent years, research effort has focused on the combination of OD with other technologies, such as ultrasound, cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen, pulsed electric field, gamma radiation and high hydrostatic pressure. The application of these methods prior to or concomitant with OD accelerates mass transfer and reduces the drying rate of fruit and vegetables by increasing the permeability of cell membranes. In this manner, combined processes tend to be more efficient and economical in comparison with conventional OD because they reduce operating times and; consequently, energy consumption. In addition, the dried products generated by such coupled processes typically exhibit improved nutritional and physicochemical characteristics. This review summarizes the basic principles and applications of OD in combination with other methods, with particular emphasis on the production of dried fruits.
Challenges of impact measurement in social innovation: Barriers and interventions to overcome
Authors: Cunha Jorge , Alves Wellington , Araújo Madalena
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper reviews extant research related to the impact assessment of social innovation and identifies several barriers to this assessment. Following this is a proposal of interventions to overcome these barriers. Originality/value: Social innovation has played an essential role in enhancing positive changes for society. Nonetheless, measuring its impact is a very significant challenge due to the many barriers faced in selecting metrics that fit its definition and goal. Recognizing these challenges, the main contribution of this paper was to identify the most common barriers and to suggest how these barriers can be overcome. Design/methodology/approach: Two approaches were considered in this research. On the one hand, a bottom-up approach was applied to review relevant literature related to impact metrics for social innovation and good practices toward social innovation impact assessment. On the other hand, we used a top-down approach through collecting and analyzing research projects related to identifying metrics of social innovation impact, broadly disseminated and well-consolidated in the current literature. Findings: This research offers valuable insights to academic researchers, policy decision-makers, and practitioners working in the field of social innovation by identifying and classifying the main barriers faced to measuring the impact of social innovation, namely lack of stakeholder awareness in the field of social innovation, difficulties in selecting the metrics to assess social innovation, problems in selecting criteria to identify best-fitted indicators to social innovation, lack of beneficiaries engagement, lack of financial and public support, and lack of consensus in the social innovation definition.
Solução de um potencial exponencial via superálgebra
Authors: Pera Leonan Augusto Massete , Perles João Vitor Santos , Terra Eder Juno Nicolau , Silva Raimundo Pereira da , Drigo Filho Elso
Published: November 2022

Esse artigo traz uma revisão do formalismo da Mecânica Quântica Supersimétrica e mostra sua aplicação para solucionar um potencial exponencial que, com uma escolha apropriada de parâmetros, é identificado como o potencial de Morse. A solução da equação de Schrödinger para esse potencial é encontrada via fatorização e construção de uma hierarquia de Hamiltonianos, e com o uso dessas ferramentas são encontrados os autovalores de energia e suas respectivas autofunções. A partir do resultado encontrado, fixamos valores de parâmetros com intuito de resgatar os resultados para estados ligados presentes na literatura.
Spatial effects are determinants of agricultural land prices in Brazil
Authors: Marques Felipe César , Telles Tiago Santos
Published: November 2022

Abstract This study aims to determine whether spatial effects are determinants of agricultural land prices in Brazil. For this purpose, data on the value of the bare land in municipalities in Brazil for 2020, provided by the Federal Revenue Service, were used. Although this database has national coverage, the contiguous data necessary for the application of spatial econometric models allowed us to cover the central-south region of the country. An exploratory spatial data analysis was performed, and the spatial Durbin econometric model was applied. Based on our results, there is a strong spatial dependence on land price, manifested both in the dependent variable, spatially lagged, and through the spillover effects of the independent variables. In addition, it was found that the degree of urbanization of a municipality, the municipal gross domestic product per capita, the average size of properties, the agricultural productivity, and the area dedicated to soybean planting in a rural property are also important determining factors in the pricing of agricultural land. Accordingly, it is possible to conclude that spatial effects influence the determination of agricultural land prices in Brazil.
Validity of body fat percentage through different methods of body composition assessment in elite soccer referees
Authors: Schlösser Larissa , Delgado Fernanda Schmitz Goulart , Silva Larissa Vieira da , Copetti Cândice Laís Knöner , Pietro Patricia Faria Di , Hinnig Patrícia de Fragas , Carvalho Jolmerson de , Moreno Yara Maria Franco , Hansen Fernanda
Published: November 2022

abstract The arbitration exercise in a soccer game requires high physical fitness and all federations apply physical tests to referees, including anthropometric tests, classifying them as fit or not for the role. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the total body fat percentage (%BF) through different evaluation methods of body composition referenced in a four-compartment (4C) model. Cross-sectional study performed in 2018 with 21 elite male referees. %BF was estimated by 4 methods: anthropometry; bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Moreover, three and four-compartment (3 and 4C) models were calculated. Bland–Altman and intraclass correlations (ICC) analysis were performed to determine validity of all methods compared to a 4C reference. The results of one-way ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference (F=1.541; p=0.182) between %BF analyzed by 4C model (15.98 ± 6.20), anthropometry (mean ± SD, 18.46 ± 7.03), ADP (16.19 ± 6.24), BIA (16.67 ± 5.30), DXA (20.33 ± 6.56) and 3C (16.92 ± 5.53). The Bland–Altman analysis showed that all methods analyzed overestimate %BF compared to the 4C model. The best agreement was obtained from the ADP evaluation (bias=-0.2), followed by BIA (bias=-0.6), 3C (bias=-0.9), anthropometry (bias=-2.4) and DXA (bias=-4.3). Validation assessed by ICC was excellent (ICC≥0.90) in most methods, except for anthropometry (ICC=0.80) and DXA (ICC=0.71). Overall, the results suggest that ADP, BIA and 3C were the best method to %BF evaluation. Nevertheless, anthropometry remains as a feasible method to monitor %BF of elite soccer referees.
Protocolo do estudo longitudinal de saúde infantil em Brumadinho (MG): Projeto Bruminha
Authors: Asmus Carmen Ildes Rodrigues Fróes , Santos Aline de Souza Espindola , Saraiva Renan Duarte dos Santos , Oliveira Ana Paula Natividade de , Silva Ivisson Carneiro Medeiros da , Mazoto Maíra Lopes , Costa Michele Alves , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Apresentar o protocolo da pesquisa e descrever os resultados preliminares da linha de base da população de estudo do Projeto Bruminha. Métodos: Este projeto é parte do conjunto de ações propostas no âmbito do Programa de Ações Saúde Brumadinho. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva, com seguimento periódico por quatro anos, cuja população elegível foi constituída de todas as crianças de 0 a 6 anos de idade residentes em quatro localidades situadas na zona rural do município afetado, com coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e de amostras urinárias para avaliação da exposição a metais. Resultados: No primeiro ano de estudo foi avaliada 62% (217) da população elegível e se coletaram 172 (79%) amostras de urina válidas. Em todas as amostras analisadas foi detectado pelo menos um metal, e em 50,6% (n=87) concentrações urinárias acima do valor de referência. Em 38% (n=82) das crianças a avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor foi considerada de risco. O relato de alergia respiratória foi quatro vezes (4,27) mais frequente e de bronquite 61% maior (1,62) nas crianças residentes nas localidades expostas à poeira de resíduos de minério, proporcionalmente àquelas residentes a mais de 10 km do local do desastre. Conclusão: O protocolo do estudo mostrou-se adequado para avaliação dos desfechos propostos. A estratégia de captação da população de estudo necessitou de reajustes quanto ao processo de sensibilização da comunidade a longo prazo com entrada de novos participantes nos próximos seguimentos (2022 e 2023).
Desastres em barragens de mineração como riscos sistêmicos
Authors: Freitas Carlos Machado de , Silva Mariano Andrade da , Menezes Fernanda Carvalho de , Luz Zélia Maria Profeta da
Published: November 2022

RESUMO: Entre 2015 e 2019, o Brasil registrou os dois mais graves desastres envolvendo barragens de mineração do século XXI. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer a compreensão desses desastres como riscos sistêmicos, que envolvem desde processos globais e nacionais relacionados aos determinantes sociais que se concretizam em um complexo sistema de barragens distribuídas pelo País com seus riscos intrínsecos. Quando ocorrem, resultam em um conjunto de impactos com potencial de danos e efeitos imediatos combinados com impactos secundários e terciários que podem desencadear reações em cadeia, promovendo fatores de riscos de ocorrência heterogênea e complexa. Abordar esses eventos com base no conceito de risco sistêmico permite uma compreensão mais ampla tanto da singularidade de cada um desses desastres e seus múltiplos processos de exposição, riscos e doenças, como também das características estruturais com que os processos e dinâmicas sociais, políticas e econômicas reproduzem, em múltiplos territórios, um padrão comum de desastres e seus efeitos. Concluímos que a promoção da saúde da população e de territórios sustentáveis deve orientar a organização dos processos produtivos e não o contrário, com a externalização dos custos humanos, ambientais e sociais da mineração e seus desastres.
Sociodemographic and residential factors associated with multimorbity: results of Brumadinho Health Project
Authors: Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of multimorbidity and sociodemographic and residential factors associated with this condition among adults living in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Methods: Cross-sectional study with baseline data from the Brumadinho Health Project, conducted in 2021 and comprising 2,777 individuals aged 18 years and over. The outcome variable was multimorbidity, defined by the existence of two or more of 20 chronic diseases. The exploratory variables were sex, age group, educational level, skin color and area of residence according to the dam failure. The association between exploratory variables and multimorbidity was assessed by logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 53.8% (95%CI 50.6–56.9). A greater chance of multimorbidity was found among women (adjusted OR=2.5; 95%CI 1.9–3.2), in participants aged between 40 and 59 (adjusted OR=2.8; 95%CI 1.8–4.3) or 60 years and older (adjusted OR=7.9; 95%CI 4.7–13.4) and in residents of the areas that were directly affected by the dam failure (adjusted OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.3–2.0). Conclusion: The burden of multimorbidity on the population of Brumadinho requires effective preventive measures and actions to the whole population, but mainly to the most vulnerable groups, that is, women, middle-aged and older individuals, and those directly affected by the dam failure, in addition to a timely provision of health care to reverse this situation.
Fatores sociodemográficos e de área de residência associados à multimorbidade: resultados do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho
Authors: Nascimento-Souza Mary Anne , Firmo Josélia Oliveira Araújo , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Peixoto Sérgio Viana
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de multimorbidade e os fatores sociodemográficos e de área de residência associados a essa condição entre adultos residentes em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado a partir dos dados da linha de base do Projeto Saúde Brumadinho, que foi conduzida no ano de 2021 e incluiu 2.777 indivíduos com 18 anos ou mais. A variável desfecho foi a multimorbidade, definida pela existência de duas ou mais entre 20 doenças crônicas. As variáveis exploratórias foram sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, cor da pele e área de residência. A associação entre as variáveis exploratórias e a multimorbidade foi avaliada pela regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 53,8% (IC95% 50,6–56,9). Maior chance de multimorbidade foi encontrada entre as mulheres (ORajustado=2,5; IC95% 1,9–3,2), nos participantes com idade entre 40 e 59 (ORajustado= 2,8; IC95% 1,8–4,3) ou com 60 anos ou mais (ORajustado= 7,9; IC95% 4,7–13,4) e nos residentes em áreas que foram diretamente atingidas pelo rompimento da barragem (ORajustado=1,6; IC95% 1,3–2,0). Conclusão: A elevada carga de multimorbidade sobre a população de Brumadinho requer medidas preventivas eficazes e ações no âmbito populacional, mas principalmente entre aqueles grupos mais vulneráveis, ou seja, mulheres, indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos bem como aqueles diretamente atingidos pelo rompimento da barragem, além de oferta oportuna de cuidados de saúde, de modo a reverter esse quadro apresentado.
Didactics of the Infernal: theatre, pandemonium, translation
Authors: Monteiro Silas Borges
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT This paper examines the word didactics, starting from its vernacular usage and moving towards its genesis in Greek culture. Against the philologists, it wants to know the usage values that are inside the word. When the current use of the term is investigated, obtained from dictionaries, the choice of the Greek word from Christian texts is identified as much more of the first use, inscribed in the archaic Greek theatre. This forgetfulness, like repression, reveals the instinctual investment that the subject contains. Hence, the hypothesis of this text is that, despite its efforts from the second half of the 20th century onwards, didactics holds in the field a metaphysics of presence that finds an ideal of human being. In order to distance itself from this conception, it choses to follow Sandra Corazza’s philosophy of hell towards a didactics of the infernal that considers, on the one hand, the fractures of a diabolical thought and, on the other hand, its assumption as a transcreation of didactics.
Touching the Future on its Hither Side: translation in Sandra Mara Corazza
Authors: Costa Cristiano Bedin da
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT In the geography of the thinking of Sandra Mara Corazza, the translation consists of a space in-between of appropriation and poetic recovery of tradition. Structured based on Walter Benjamin, Paul Valéry, Jacques Derrida, Haroldo de Campos, among others, the concept is a critical unfolding of writreading, neologism that suggests a transcreative way of reading and rewriting the original scientific, philosophical and artistic elements in curricular and didactic language. The connection between translation and writreading is established by allegorical montages of different times and uses of sign in text operation and in class. This peculiar know-how called artistic teaching of translation suggests a teaching image always in the midst of being formed, continually reimagined by the present of creation. As the subject of its craft, artistic teaching lives and takes on more life in transcreation, making its duty to translate an ethical and political commitment to create difference, distinguishing itself. In Sandra’s life/work, the encounter contains the rupture, a way to touch the future on its hither side.
Creating a Large-Scale Audio-Aligned Parsed Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child and Child-Directed Speech (BiRCh): Challenges, Solutions, and Implications for Research
Authors: Lưu Alex , Koval Pasha , Malamud Sophia A. , Dubinina Irina Y.
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The BiRCh Project (The Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child Speech) involves collecting a longitudinal audio corpus of Russian spoken by children and their families in Russia, Ukraine, Germany, the U.S., and Canada. We are building a large-scale corpus based on a subset of this data, the “Parsed and Audio-aligned Corpus of Bilingual Russian Child and Child-directed Speech (BiRCh)” with two basic components: (1) 1-million-word transcripts which are time-aligned with the audio speech signal and fully textsearchable, and (2) a 500K-word morphologically annotated and parsed portion of the transcripts, also audio-aligned. We are using this corpus to investigate various phenomena in the linguistic input and the developmental trajectory of heritage bilinguals, e.g., case, gender, passives, impersonals, politeness markers, disfluencies, and discourse markers. This article focuses on the challenges and solutions of the BiRCh development and the implications for research on the richly annotated data provided by the corpus.
Participatory Ethics in Bakhtin. Pandemic and Pansemic
Authors: Arán Pampa , Ponce Ariel Gómez
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT The philosophical project that Bakhtin conceived at the beginning of the 20th century aims to find a moral philosophy that modifies the performance of man in daily life and in culture. The date [1924?] on which its writing is presumed would indicate the direction that Bakhtinian thought was taking, proposing an utopian cultural transformation in a time marked by enormous political tensions, and the social construction of a real subject, whose moral responsibility historically situated would turn into a mode of participatory action. Since that historical moment, a century has passed, and today it may be opportune to confront it with our present, in a planet governed by the capitalist economy with its population living a pandemic of great proportions. Far from establishing a comparison with that ethic project, we will offer some notes and images that encourage reflection on a philosophy that we do not believe we can cover in its complexity.1
Analysis of the Short Story “The Lady with the Dog”. Parallels in the Author-Character Relations in Mikhail Bakhtin and Anton Chekhov
Authors: Glushkova Maria , Vasilevich Elena
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT Bakhtin's early works point to the origins of his theory. The novelty of this article consists in presenting Bakhtin's early works, more precisely the essay “The Author and the Hero in Aesthetic Activity,” written in the 1920s, and comparing it with Chekhov's views on the Author-Character-Reader relationship since we consider Chekhov a writer and a theorist of verbal creation, which we will evidence with excerpts from his letters. The article presents an analysis of Anton Chekhov's short story “The Lady with the Dog,” and the thesis that Chekhov had, right from the title, about the intention of relating his story to Alexandre Dumas' novel The Lady of the Camellias.
Corpo e transgressão em Bakhtin e Bataille: um debate de excessos
Authors: Silva Anderson Lopes da
Published: November 2022

RESUMO O objetivo deste ensaio é apresentar, em termos comparativos, como o excesso políticoestético é o elemento de aproximação entre os temas do corpo e da transgressão que, dispostos sob contextos diversos, são facilmente encontrados nas obras de Mikhail Bakhtin e Georges Bataille. Assim, ainda que oriundos de campos distintos (dos estudos dialógicos da linguagem às observações da ordem de uma economia geral), ambos os autores transitam por um terreno comum às produções de sentidos que, em suma, é calcado na efemeridade, ambiguidade e ambivalência do excesso.
As disputas de sentido envolvendo o corpo homossexual masculino caracterizado como urso: um exemplo de análise dialógica
Authors: Bastos Rafael Lira Gomes
Published: November 2022

RESUMO Este artigo analisa as disputas de sentido envolvendo o corpo homossexual masculino caracterizado como urso. Considerando o aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise Dialógica do Discurso, foi analisada uma postagem com três sequências de comentários que tematizavam o corpo urso em um grupo da rede social Facebook. A análise revelou que o centro da disputa de sentidos nos enunciados se detém em duas valorações distintas: (i) o urso identificado como um corpo gordo e peludo e (ii) o urso identificado como um corpo padrão e com (alguns) pelos. Por meio das oposições gordo/não gordo e pelos/não pelos, o gay de corpo padrão disputa características do corpo urso, notadamente os pelos, para demonstrar mais traços de masculinidade. Contudo, essa posição gera, em tom quase sempre irônico e crítico, protesto daqueles que defendem que os ursos representam a resistência de uma categoria que se enquadra, acima de tudo, ao corpo gordo.
Reformas eleitorais no Brasil contemporâneo: mudanças no sistema proporcional e de financiamento eleitoral
Authors: Fisch Arthur , Mesquita Lara
Published: November 2022

RESUMO É comum no Brasil observar discussões sobre reformas eleitorais. Tal debate é natural em qualquer democracia e faz parte do processo de evolução do sistema político. Desde 1988, o sistema eleitoral brasileiro já se alterou de forma relevante, com grandes consequências para a disputa política. Neste artigo, discutem-se o conceito de reformas eleitorais e as alterações sob dois aspectos importantes da competição eleitoral: o sistema de alocação proporcional e as regras de financiamento de campanha. As mudanças recentes demonstram não mudanças centrais do próprio sistema político, mas alterações incrementais fruto do contexto nas quais estiveram inseridas.
CIRCUNFERÊNCIA DE PESCOÇO COMO MARCADOR PARA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM ZONA RURAL
Authors: Guedes Vanessa Teixeira de Souza , Araújo Karine Domingos de , Pastorello Cláudia Cristina Vieira Gonçalves , Rafacho Bruna Paola Murino , Mazzeti Camila Medeiros da Silva
Published: November 2022

Considerado a circunferência de pescoço como marcador para síndrome metabólica na Atenção Primária em zona rural, este estudo teve como objetivo geral contribuir para a identificação dos usuários com risco de síndrome metabólica, favorecendo o manejo adequado conforme a necessidade e um novo olhar na prática de como triar e intervir na população baseado nos princípios da promoção da saúde e da prevenção de doenças e agravos. A pesquisa é descritiva com abordagem quantitativa. O método utilizou questionário objetivo, questões sociodemográficas, condições crônicas, terapia medicamentosa, medidas antropométricas, resultados de exames bioquímicos, consumo alimentar, escore de Framingham e hábitos sobre atividade física. A amostra foi de 130 pesquisados com margem de erros de 0,5 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. A análise dos dados tabulados foi realizada pelo programa R Studio. Os resultados mostraram que a circunferência do pescoço pode ser um importante indicador da saúde, por ser um instrumento de rastreamento capaz de identificar os indivíduos com diagnóstico de SM.  A facilidade de aplicação e o baixo custo podem viabilizar sua utilização em serviços da Atenção Primária a Saúde.
Visualization Tool for Collective Awareness in a Platform of Citizen Proposals
Authors: Aragón Pablo , Gómez Vicenç , Kaltenbrunner Andreas
Published: November 2022

Online debate tools for participatory democracy and crowdsourcing legislation are limited by different factors. One of them arises when discussion of proposals reaches a large number of contributions and therefore citizens encounter difficulties in mapping the arguments that constitute the dialectical debate. To address this issue, we present a visualization tool that shows the discussion of any proposal as an interactive radial tree. The tool builds on Decide Madrid, a recently created platform for direct democracy launched by the City Council of Madrid. Decide Madrid is one of the most relevant platforms that allows citizens to propose, debate and prioritise city policies.
Twitter's Glass Ceiling: The Effect of Perceived Gender on Online Visibility
Authors: Nilizadeh Shirin , Groggel Anne , Lista Peter , Das Srijita , Ahn Yong-Yeol , Kapadia Apu , Rojas Fabio
Published: November 2022

Social media is a new public sphere where people can, in principle, communicate with each other regardless of their status. However, social categories like gender may still bias online communication, replicating offline disparities. Examining over 94,000 Twitter users, we investigate the association between perceived gender and measures of online visibility: how often Twitter users are followed, assigned to lists, and retweeted. Our analysis shows that users perceived as female experience a 'glass ceiling,' similar to the barrier women face in attaining higher positions in companies. For users in lower quartiles of visibility, being perceived as female is associated with more visibility; however, this tendency flips among the most visible users where being perceived as male is strongly associated with more visibility. Our results suggest that gender presented in social media profiles likely frame interactions as well as perpetuates old inequalities online.
Aligning Popularity and Quality in Online Cultural Markets
Authors: Van Hentenryck Pascal , Abeliuk Andrés , Berbeglia Franco , Maldonado Felipe , Berbeglia Gerardo
Published: November 2022

Social influence is ubiquitous in cultural markets and plays an important role in recommendations for books, songs, and news articles to name only a few. Yet social influence is often presented in a bad light, often because it supposedly increases market unpredictability. Here we study a model of trial-offer markets, in which participants try products and later decide whether to purchase. We consider a simple policy which recovers product quality and ranks the products by quality when presenting them to market participants. We show that, in this setting, market efficiency always benefits from social influence. Moreover, we prove that the market converges almost surely to a monopoly for the product of highest quality, making the market both predictable and asymptotically optimal. Computational experiments confirm that the quality ranking policy quickly identifies "blockbusters", outperforms other policies, and is highly predictable.
Sentiment-Based Topic Suggestion for Micro-Reviews
Authors: Lu Ziyu , Mamoulis Nikos , Pitoura Evaggelia , Tsaparas Panayiotis
Published: November 2022

Location-based social sites, such as Foursquare or Yelp, are gaining increasing popularity. These sites allow users to check in at venues and leave a short commentary in the form of a micro-review. Micro-reviews are rich in content as they offer a distilled and concise account of user experience. In this paper we consider the problem of predicting the topic of a micro-review by a user who visits a new venue. Such a prediction can help users make informed decisions, and also help venue owners personalize users’ experiences. However, topic modeling for micro-reviews is particularly difficult, due to their short and fragmented nature. We address this issue using pooling strategies, which aggregate micro-reviews at the venue or user level, and we propose novel probabilistic models based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for extracting the topics related to a user-venue pair. Our best topic model integrates influences from both venue inherent properties and user preferences, considering at the same the sentiment orientation of the users. Experimental results on real datasets demonstrate the superiority of this model compared to simpler models and previous work; they also show that venue-inherent properties have higher influences on the topics of micro-reviews.
Who Did What: Editor Role Identification in Wikipedia
Authors: Yang Diyi , Halfaker Aaron , Kraut Robert , Hovy Eduard
Published: November 2022

Understanding the social roles played by contributors to online communities can facilitate the process of task routing. In this work, we develop new techniques to find roles in Wikipedia based on editors' low-level edit types and investigate how work contributed by people from different roles affect the article quality. To do this, we first built machine-learning models to automatically identify the edit categories associated with edits. We then applied a graphical model analogous to Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover the latent roles in editors' edit histories. Applying this technique revealed eight different roles editors play. Finally, we validated how our identified roles collaborate to improve the quality of articles. The results demonstrate that editors carrying on different roles contribute differently in terms of edit categories and articles in different quality stages need different types of editors. Implications for editor role identification and the validation of role contribution are discussed.
Tracking Secret-Keeping in Emails
Authors: Tausczik Yla , Chung Cindy , Pennebaker James
Published: November 2022

How do people communicate with others once they begin harboring a major life secret? Sixty-one adults who started keeping a major secret within the past several years agreed to have their email correspondence analyzed. Changes in emailing frequency and word use between secret keepers and their contacts were identified from before and during secret keeping. Surprisingly, there was no evidence for social withdrawal during secret keeping. Instead, the findings support a hypervigilance hypothesis in which secret keepers communicated more frequently and exhibited more engagement with contacts presumably in an attempt to monitor their social interactions.
Predictability of Popularity: Gaps between Prediction and Understanding
Authors: Shulman Benjamin , Sharma Amit , Cosley Dan
Published: November 2022

Can we predict the future popularity of a song, movie or tweet? Recent work suggests that although it may be hard to predict an item's popularity when it is first introduced, peeking into its early adopters and properties of their social network makes the problem easier. We test the robustness of such claims by using data from social networks spanning music, books, photos, and URLs. We find a stronger result: not only do predictive models with peeking achieve high accuracy on all datasets, they also generalize well, so much so that models trained on any one dataset perform with comparable accuracy on items from other datasets. Though practically useful, our models (and those in other work) are intellectually unsatisfying because common formulations of the problem, which involve peeking at the first small-k adopters and predicting whether items end up in the top half of popular items, are both too sensitive to the speed of early adoption and too easy. Most of the predictive power comes from looking at how quickly items reach their first few adopters, while for other features of early adopters and their networks, even the direction of correlation with popularity is not consistent across domains. Problem formulations that examine items that reach k adopters in about the same amount of time reduce the importance of temporal features, but also overall accuracy, highlighting that we understand little about why items become popular while providing a context in which we might build that understanding.
Power Imbalance and Rating Systems
Authors: State Bogdan , Abrahao Bruno , Cook Karen
Published: November 2022

Ratings are critical to the function and success of services in the emerging sharing economy. They are a means through which users develop trust in one another and in the services themselves. Ratings are designed to give users a proxy for the expected quality and risk of potential online transactions. We expect online ratings to reflect an objective measure of quality, but such evaluations in fact may be systematically distorted by many, complex social-psychological processes. Decoupling these subjective factors from rating systems to correct for biases and to provide neutral assessments of risk and quality has proved extremely challenging. We focus on one of the most prevalent factors in virtually every form of social exchange. Differences in resource ownership affect the balance of power in interpersonal interactions, likely impacting online ratings. We demonstrate how power imbalance affects mutual ratings using a massive dataset from CouchSurﬁng.org, an international online hospitality exchange network. Our methodology employs a deductive approach to knowledge discovery. Through a series of observational experiments, we find support for a sociological theory dating back to the 1960s, Power-Dependence Theory (PD), as a possible explanation. PD predicts that power-imbalanced relationships induce user behavior that attempts to balance power. We find support for status-giving as a likely mechanism driving the asymmetry of ratings between power-unequal users. Our findings underscore the need for ratings systems to account for the tendency of mutual ratings between users that hold differential resources to be asymmetrical, especially under conditions of resource scarcity.
Identifying Platform Effects in Social Media Data
Authors: Malik Momin , Pfeffer Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Even when external researchers have access to social media data, they are not privy to decisions that went into platform design—including the measurement and testing that goes into deploying new platform features, such as recommender systems, seeking to shape user behavior towards desirable ends. Finding ways to identify platform effects is thus important both for generalizing findings, as well as understanding the nature of platform usage. One approach is to find temporal data covering the introduction of a new feature; observing differences in behavior before and after allow us to estimate the effect of the change. We investigate platform effects using two such datasets, the Netflix Prize dataset and the Facebook New Orleans data, in which we observe seeming discontinuities in user behavior but that we know or suspect are the result of a change in platform design. For the Netflix Prize, we estimate user ratings changing by an average of about 3% after the change, and in Facebook New Orleans, we find that the introduction of the ‘People You May Know’ feature locally nearly doubled the average number of edges added daily, and increased by 63% the average proportion of triangles created by each new edge. Our work empirically verifies several previously expressed theoretical concerns, and gives insight into the magnitude and variety of platform effects.
Motivational Determinants of Participation Trajectories in Wikipedia
Authors: Balestra Martina , Arazy Ofer , Cheshire Coye , Nov Oded
Published: November 2022

Many digitally mediated peer-production systems allow participants to define their own activities. The challenge in such systems, however, lies in retaining members beyond the first few interactions. To address this problem we must understand who these users are and why they begin to contribute. Importantly, there is scant empirical evidence on how motivations are associated with different trajectories of participation for new participants. Our study addresses this gap by combining a survey of new Wikipedia editors’ motivations with an exploratory analysis of the editors’ activity logs. Using clustering techniques to identify prototypical activity profiles from log data, we observe what motivations are associated with which prototypical activities. We find that new editors’ motivations are predictive of their future activity. In particular our results indicate that reputation, social, enjoyment, and obligation motives differ among editor activity clusters.
The Quality of Online Answers to Parents Who Suspect That Their Child Has an Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ben-Sasson Ayelet , Pelleg Dan , Yom-Tov Elad
Published: November 2022

The growing diagnosis and public awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) leads more parents to seek answers to their suspicions for ASD in their child on Internet forums. This study describes an analysis of the quality of content of 371 answers on Yahoo Answers (YA), a social question-and-answer forum, to parents querying whether their child has ASD. We contrasted the perceived quality of answers by clinicians with that of parents. The study tested the feasibility of automatically assisting parents in selecting answers with higher quality using a predictive model based on the text of answers and the attributes of answerers.
How Content, Community, and Engagement Affect the Life Cycles of Online Photo Sharing Groups
Authors: Kennedy Lyndon , Shamma David
Published: November 2022

We investigate the life cycles of groups on online photo sharing sites to determine the factors that contribute to their growth. We propose features to capture the social, engagement, and content characteristics of groups and conduct a large-scale retrospective analysis of more than 170k groups on Flickr to discover the relative importance of each of the factors on the long-term growth of groups. This yields models that can predict the success/death of groups with upwards of 82% accuracy.
On the Correlation between Topic and User Behaviour in Online Communities
Authors: Aumayr Erik , Hayes Conor
Published: November 2022

In the advancement of a better understanding of user behaviour on the Internet, clustering approaches are used as a means to group and categorise online communities. Although clustering approaches indicate similarity between communities (e.g. through an a priori defined distance function based on user behaviour features) they do not show what causes the differences between the types of communities. In this paper, we study the effects that certain types of topics may have on user behaviour. We cluster 29 online communities of the Stack Exchange platform, and we show the correlation between the clustered user behaviour and the three latent topic properties Accessibility, Sociability and Controversy.
Similar Gaps, Different Origins? Women Readers and Editors at Greek Wikipedia
Authors: Protonotarios Ioannis , Sarimpei Vasiliki , Otterbacher Jahna
Published: November 2022

As a global, multilingual project, Wikipedia could serve as a repository for the world's knowledge on an astounding range of topics. However, questions of participation and diversity among editors continue to be burning issues. We present the first targeted study of participants at Greek Wikipedia, with the goal of better understanding their motivations. Smaller Wikipedias play a key role in fostering the project's global character, but typically receive little attention from researchers. We developed two survey instruments, administered in Greek, based on the 2011 Wikipedia Readership and Editors Surveys. Consistent with previous studies, we found a gender gap, with women making up only 38% and 15% of readers and editors, respectively, and with men editors being much more active. Our data suggest two salient explanations: 1) women readers more often lack confidence with respect to their knowledge and technical skills as compared to men, and 2) women's behaviors may be driven by personal motivations such as enjoyment and learning, rather than by "leaving their mark'' on the community, a concern more common among men. Interestingly, while similar proportions of men and women readers use multiple language editions, more women contribute to English Wikipedia in addition to the Greek language community. Future research should consider how this impacts their participation at Greek Wikipedia.
Wikipedia Knowledge Graph with DeepDive
Authors: Palomares Thomas , Ahres Youssef , Kangaspunta Juhana , Ré Christopher
Published: November 2022

Despite the tremendous amount of information on Wikipedia, only a very small amount is structured. Most of the information is embedded in unstructured text and extracting it is a non trivial challenge. In this paper, we propose a full pipeline built on top of DeepDive to successfully extract meaningful relations from the Wikipedia text corpus. We evaluated the system by extracting company-founders and family relations from the text. As a result, we extracted more than 140,000 distinct relations with an average precision above 90%.
Public Discourse on Environmental Pollution and Health in Korea: Tweets Following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
Authors: Kim Seung-Hoi , Ha Yu-i , Cha Meeyoung , Lee Jiyon , Kim Byoung-Jik , Lee Dong-Myung
Published: November 2022

Public discourse on environmental and health issues has risenon social media. Upon an environmental crisis, various chatterssuch as breaking news, misinformation, and rumor couldaggravate social confusion and proliferate negative publicsentiment. In an effort to study public sentiments on environmentalissues in South Korea, we analyzed 158,964 tweetsgenerated over a 4-year period following the Fukushima accidentin 2011, the largest release of radioactivity to environmentin recent history. This event led to a significant increasein public’s interest on environmental and nuclear issues inKorea. We employed Bayesian network and recursive partitioningto observe the classification regression tree structureof major topics. Topics on health and environment were interlinkedclosely and represented both apprehension and concernabout health threats and pollution. Our methodologyhelps analyze large online discourse efficiently and offers insightto crisis response organizations.
From Kontrollverlust to Kontrollgewinn: Rediscovering a Meso-Level Normative Hierarchy for Integrated Water Management in England Using On-Line Activities
Authors: Tkachenko Nataliya , Procter Rob , Jarvis Stephen
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a unique study into how to identify a meso-level normative (i.e., institutional) hierarchy of procedures that aim to deliver the ecological status of waterbodies in the UK. Using traditional survey and workshop methods, the majority of recent studies concentrate on engagement practices between macro- (government bodies) and micro- (local residents) level structures, which can be potentially replicated elsewhere. Meso-level elements (middle-level structures of control) are often regarded as ‘subjective institutional change’, e.g., failures to implement programs locally or misinterpretations of reflexive dialogs with communities. Nevertheless, it is often only meso-level structures that are capable of promoting and replicating policies elsewhere. At the same time, there is increasing appeal by governmental departments for communities to ‘self-organize’ and take responsibility for prioritizing environmental tasks, which themselves might be instigated by local trusts and voluntary organizations, the existence of which remains largely unaccounted for by central offices. The recent proliferation of Twitter accounts, with the prominent themes of water, ecology and ecosystems, which include people, organizations, businesses and ‘bots’ of various types, presents new opportunities for digital methods to gain insights into structures and functions of these virtual communities. We hypothesize that our methods can produce invaluable insights into the ‘crafting’ of environmental institutions through approaches commonly ignored by traditional ‘analog’ meso-level mechanisms. We use the example of Integrated Catchment Management in the UK, and specifically the Tamar Catchment in southwest England, in order to demonstrate how well Twitter can capture this transitory meso-level environmental political system.
Junet: A Julia Package For Network Research
Authors: Zakhlebin Igor
Published: November 2022

Network science is moving at a rapid pace. However, mainstream analytic packages often fall behind: it is too difficult to implement new complex algorithms in them or it is hard to make them fast. With Junet, we address this problem by implementing a high-performance network analysis package in a high-level language. It allows users to write concise Julia code with performance on par with analogous C/C++ code and have unparalleled control over memory consumption for working with large networks.
The Rich Get Richer? Limited Learning in Charitable Giving on donorschoose.org
Authors: Pak Chankyung , Wash Rick
Published: November 2022

Crowdfunding websites allow anyone to raise money through many financial contributions from the ‘crowd.’ One commonly cited social benefit of crowdfunding is the democratization of access to capital. The degree of the democratization depends on how much ordinary people, who may not have financial access before crowdfunding, receive funding. Since many crowdfunders start out as a non-professional, learning is a critical factor for them to be successful. However, it is not clear that initially unsuccessful crowdfunders learn enough to prevent the rich get richer phenomenon. By analyzing a large dataset from donorschoose.org, we found that successful crowdfunders appear to learn more while unsuccessful crowdfunders frequently give up on crowdfunding. This result calls for design solutions that help crowdfunders learn from failure better.
Echo Chambers in Investment Discussion Boards
Authors: Tang Shiliang , Liu Qingyun , McQueen Megan , Counts Scott , Jain Apurv , Zheng Haitao , Zhao Ben
Published: November 2022

We examine the quality of information and communication in online investment discussion boards. We show that positivity bias and skewed risk/reward assessments, exacerbated by the insular nature of the community and its social structure, contribute to underperforming investment advice and unnecessary trading. Discussion post sentiment has negligible correlation with future stock market returns, but does have a positive correlation with trading volumes and volatility. Our trading simulations show that across different timeframes, this misinformation leads 50-70% of users to underperform the market average. We then examine social structure in communities, and show that the majority of market sentiment is produced by a small number of community leaders, and that many members actively resist negative sentiment, thus minimizing viewpoint diversity. To improve generated information content in online investment communities, we suggest designing to increase diversity of opinion, minimize friction around incorporating new information, and provide performance feedback for self-correction.