bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the scanning power supply for 300 keV electron accelerator
Authors: Wah Leo Kwee , Azhar M. , Chulan R.M. , Hashim S.A. , Mokhtar M. , Khaidawaton  , Baijan H. , Sabri R.M.
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the development and study of the scanning power supply. This locally designed low energy electron accelerator with the former energy of 140 keV will be upgraded to 300 keV. As the setup, scanning power supply is required to excite the scanning coils and deflect the energetic electron beam across a titanium foil window in horizontal and vertical direction respectively. The excitation current of the scanning coils is determined by the energy of the electron beam and the deflected length. Therefore, the scanning power supply must be functioning automatically and continuously to ensure the uniform dose distribution and unavoidable heat issue. As the result, the scanning power supply using the combination of signal generator and power amplifier has been developed and functioning as expected.
Research reactor operator performance based on the human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART)
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Mohamed Faizal , Maskin Mazleha
Published: May 2020

This study is an attempt to apply the Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) method in order to quantify the human failure event (HFE) for probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of a TRIGA Mark II reactor, situated at the Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Malaysia. This serves the qualitative part of the human reliability analysis (HRA) framework and HEART method is considered due to its potential applicability in quantifying human error probability (HEP) for other industries, beside nuclear power. This study addresses the application of HEART method in details: classification of selected research reactor human task into the Generic Task Type, the assignment of the nominal HEP, evaluation of Error Producing Condition and the resultant Assessed Proportion of Affect. The results of this study will be applied in the quantification of PSA’s event sequence end state frequencies.
Band energies in two-band model for Fe based superconductors in the coexistence state
Authors: Pradhan B , Parida P K , Sahoo S
Published: May 2020

The superconductivity in iron based superconductors is hotly discussed since its discovery. The pairing mechanism and the gap structures for such superconductors are the core of attraction for debate. The superconductivity exists on the suppression of the pseudo gaps like antiferromagnetism and structural distortion. The Fermi surface band structure is studied by proposing a tight binding two-orbital model in s±-wave pairing symmetry for the coexistence of Jahn-Teller distortion and antiferromagnetism with superconductivity.
Oxygen vacancy related conduction behavior in BaZr0.05Ti0.95O3 ceramic
Authors: Nag Bhargavi G. , Badapanda Tanmaya , Khare Ayush , Shahid Anwar M. , Brahme Nameeta
Published: May 2020

For this study, the microcrystalline powder of BaZr0.05Ti0.95O3 (BZT) was prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The sample was calcined at 1200 °C for 4 hours and sintered at 1300 °C. The calcined powder was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that the specimen has a Perovskite structure having orthorhombic structure. On analyzing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) the calculated crystal size was observed to range between 20-30 μm. The dielectric study of BZT showed normal phase transition behavior. The conductivity studies as a function of temperature and frequency has been performed to study the role of oxygen vacancies. The results of the frequency dependence of the conductivity suggest that oxygen vacancy hopping processes, due to relaxations in oxygen vacancy-related dipoles, being mainly responsible for the conduction behavior in the studied system.
Photoluminescence behaviour of Gd doped barium hexaferrite
Authors: Mahapatro Jayashri , Agrawal Sadhana
Published: May 2020

This paper reports synthesis of Barium Hexaferrite with different concentration of Gadolinium ion (0-2 mol %). Structural analysis of the prepared powders was done by X-ray diffraction pattern which reveals formation of hexagonal structure with space group p63/mmc. The FTIR and EDX spectra depict formation and composition of Barium Hexaferrite respectively. Agglomeration was observed from the SEM image of the prepared sample. Photoluminescence studies of the prepared samples show intensified PL emission peaks at 658 nm under ultraviolet (UV) excitation at 230 nm due to the optical transition 6G7/2 to 6P5/2 which arises because of the defects produced by doping of Gadolinium ion into the host lattice. Due to cross relaxation process PL intensity decreases after 1.5 mol% of doping concentration. CIE (commission International de) coordinates and CCT (correlated colour temperature) were also determined for the prepared samples which indicate that the powder samples show intense red cool emission.
Characterization of Photovoltaic Property of a CH3NH3Sn1-xGexI3 Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Verma A , Diwakar A K , Patel R P , Verma A
Published: May 2020

Using nano blending of lead-free perovskite organometalliccompound (MABO3) is finding by blending of methylammonium and SnI3. The structure of testing matterial and PV property is characterized on this work. The perovskite structure confirms by XRD analysis and it is havingan orthorhombic crystal phase structure, which can show the perovskite structure. UVPS and UVVIS analysisof the band position of valance at 5.70 eV in competition usingin absence of air and the bandgap of optical is 2.0 eV. The Spin coating of the methylammonium iodide and lead-free iodide (SnI3) on a TiO2 film yields by mixed solution process, 1.80-nm-diameter CH3NH3Sn1-xGexI3 dots on the TiO2 surface.
Computational approach of tumor growth in human body with a significant technique the rough set
Authors: Sinha Arvind Kumar , Namdev Nishant
Published: May 2020

Tumors are the most threatening issue everywhere throughout the world. The development of tumor cells is dubious in the human body because of its unusual phenomena. The Rough set is a rising and the most special mathematical device to manage uncertain circumstances. A scientific model is given for tumor cells population development with carrying capacity and by the Rough set in uncertain circumstances. In this methodology, the mathematical analysis of the nonlinear behavior of tumor cells population is set up via carrying capacity and simulation by using Euler’s method. The accuracy of the carrying capacity of the number of tumors cells 99.53% correct according to our model. The paper is an interface between mathematical modeling, numerical computation, simulation, and implementation of application on biomedical systems, which is an oriented idea to biology.
Second-formulation adaptive wavelet optimization technique applicable in material sciences
Authors: Sinha Arvind Kumar , Sahoo Radhakrushna
Published: May 2020

We developed a second-formulation adaptive wavelet optimize finite element (SFAWOFE) method on a general manifold with the help of approximation theory. The SFAWOFE method used to solve Burger’s equation with periodic and Dirichlet boundary conditions. The beauty of the SFAWOFE process is the numerical solution is optimized for the finite element method and does not affect the computational algorithm. We construct an algorithm for numerical results that have been optimized finite element method on a diffusion wavelet, which formed employing the adaptive wavelet plot. The algorithms and trial problems used to calculate magnetostatic networking range dipoles in material science. For the trial problem, the processing time checked out the SFAWOFE method has calculated and analyzed the analogous processing time checked out the finite element method on a general manifold. Finally, we verify the SFAWOFE method convergence for each trial problem and high efficient.
Design considerations of a collaborative and knowledge sharing tool for a sustainable outcomes-based education
Authors: Galeon D H , Palaoag T D
Published: May 2020

Through a directive, the Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs) are instructed to continuously perform the plan-do-check-act cycle in developing an outcomes-based, progressively brought together and less departmentally based educational plans as they advanced into a mature institution which requires the stakeholders to communicate and collaborate among each other and coordinate their activities. The paper aims to unfold the design parameters of a collaborative and knowledge sharing tool (CKT) considering the most critical factors affecting its implementation and shall serve as a guide to its development. Using a descriptive-analytical method, it shows that the institution has a strong knowledge management (KM) culture but needs to improve and retool their KM initiative and that the stakeholders are engaged more on socializing and control activities yet a lesser sum on networking, coordinating, and collaborating activities. Decomposed from the problem, design parameters of the said tool includes the plan and usage of a messaging module used for communicating and disseminating knowledge to a network; authoring, assessment and expert profiling modules used for a collaborative acquisition, development and dissemination of knowledge; and a digital library and an academic profiling module used for storing, retrieving and mining the institutional outcomes-based education (OBE) knowledge.
Improving the physical and mechanical properties of fortified soil for road construction in the forest zone
Authors: Chudinov S
Published: May 2020

In order to purposefully control the processes that determine the formation of the structure and properties of cement soils, studies were carried out on the strengthening of soils with Portland cement with a water-soluble additive hydropropylene emulsion (WHE). The purpose of the laboratory studies was to study the change in the ultimate strength in compression, water saturation and frost resistance of cement soils, depending on the particle size distribution of the original soil, the amount of mineral binder - Portland cement and the WHE additive. Based on the results of the research, soil strengthening with Portland cement with WHE additive allows to form a complex crystallization-coagulation structure of materials with the required values of compressive strength, water saturation and frost resistance, depending on the dosages of binding components for given climatic and transport-operating conditions. The effectiveness of the WHE additive increases with increasing dispersion of soils, so the technology of strengthening of clay soils in conditions of wet and acidic soils of the forest zone for the construction of forest roads is promising.
Method for reducing the hourly fuel consumption in the transport mode of operation of a forestry machine and tractor unit
Authors: Durmanov M Y , Martynov B G , Mikhaylov O A , Spiridonov S V
Published: May 2020

By improving energy consumption in technological operations, the amount of fuel required and the operating costs of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) can also be reduced, which ultimately lowers the costs of forestry operations and reforestation. Inefficient fuel consumption significantly reduces the performance indicators of an MTU, which is also characteristic of the transport mode, although its duration is short. The article investigates the influence of a corrective device in the diesel fuel supply system on the hourly fuel consumption of a forestry MTU. For the transport mode, the diesel fuel consumption per hour is determined for dynamic loads by component: from resistance on the rise; from the MTU inertial forces; from oscillations of the MTU suspension in the longitudinal-vertical plane; from mechanical losses in the friction pairs of the engine, as well as its total value. The maximum values of the total dynamic component of the hourly fuel consumption in the transport mode are observed at frequencies close to 2.5 s−1, i.e. its own, energy-consuming frequency of oscillations of the rotational speed of the crankshaft of an SMD-20T.04 engine. To improve the fuel efficiency of an MTU diesel engine, it is necessary to introduce a corrective device into the design of the high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP). As a corrective device, it is advisable to use an oscillation damper of the rail of the fuel pump (FPR).
Bases of transport development organization of leased forest plots taking into account climate
Authors: Kovalenko T , Vokhmyanin N , Krivonogova A
Published: May 2020

The article raises the issues of zoning of rental forests taking into account climatic factors for the purpose of rational transport development of forests. The basis of the methodology for taking into account the influence of climatic factors in the organization and planning of forest transport processes through the average speed of timber trucks is proposed. The results of studies are given that allow taking into account the climatic parameters of the area where the enterprise is located.
Monitoring of Forest Land Use/Cover Change in Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam Using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Kovyazin V F , Romanchikov A Yu , Lan Anh Dang Thi , Hung Dang Viet
Published: May 2020

The Cat Tien National Park in the south of Vietnam represents a protected ecological area. It is located in tropical rainforest zone. For monitoring purposes of forest land use/cover change of the park satellite images (Landsat 5, Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2A) taken in 1988, 2003 and 2019 were used. NDVI was used for the estimation of vegetation quality. Forest land use/cover were classified by 5 categories using maximum likelihood classifier algorithm in ENVI 5.3. After classification, differentiation of forest land use/cover was analyzed on every image. Deforestation took place in 1988-2003 periods and broad-leaved forest areas have undergone reduction. Currently, new policies were introduced to reduce deforestation and therefore support free growth of tropical forest areas.
Public easements’ establishment for forest fund lands during seasonal roads’ designing
Authors: Kovyazin V , Romanenko M , Khaikine M
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on question of public easements’ establishment for forest areas intended to accommodate seasonal roads as temporary structures. On one hand, seasonal roads are transport routes, which location changes every season. At the same time, they have features of real estate items as they are inseparably linked with the ground surface, and their movement without disproportionate damage to appointment is impossible. In both cases season roads require immediate strategic decisions, concerning their construction and operation. Due to the fact that seasonal roads are distinctive for territories of the northern regions, they are most often located on the forestry fund lands. That’s why the question of territory planning while designing of such objects in difficult natural conditions is one of the most difficult in civil engineering, geodesy, land and forest law. Relevance is determined by need of increasing efficiency of the forest fund land use during designing of these real estate items, taking into account their specificity. The aim of research involves advanced technology of designing work’s development for seasonal roads. This technology gives opportunity of first-ever defining possible changes of seasonal roads’ boundaries by results of field measurements of physical and mechanical soil properties.
Formation of the through technological chains within the forest industry cluster
Authors: Medvedev S , Mokhirev A , Rjabova T , Gerasimova M
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of technological chains in timber industry clusters. Special attention is paid to the movement of material flows and the method of forming technological chains. As a result, a model of the movement of material flows of wood resources within the timber cluster has been developed.
Method of increasing percentage of raw wood materials in plywood production
Authors: Ugryumov S A , Vokhmyanin N A , Zatenko S I , Spiridonov S V , Taraban M B
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the issue of increasing efficiency of plywood production by recycling waste from format plywood trimming. The study proposes manufacturing a composite material with outer layers of full-format peeled veneer and an inner layer based on slats from format trimming of plywood installed on the edge with a different gap. Results of physical and mechanical properties testing of proposed composite material show that using of the slats from plywood trimming allows forming lightweight material holding sufficient strength. Due to return use of plywood production waste, manufacturing proposed composite material reduces total material consumption, which provides cheaper products with effective waste disposal.
Molecular modelling of antioxidant agent by QSAR study of caffeic acid derivatives
Authors: Rahmawati Istiqomah , Amini Helda Wika , Darmayanti Rizki Fitria
Published: May 2020

Molecular modeling using Quantitative Structure and Activity Relationship (QSAR) has been performed on caffeic acid derivatives which is previously studied as an effective antioxidant agent. This research focuses on a set of experimentally IC50 value data of 4 caffeic acid derivatives. The mathematical method (i.e., multilinear regression calculation) was used to build the QSAR model. QSAR analysis was employed on fitting subset using log (1/IC50) as a dependent variable and atomic net charges aromatic carbons, dipole moment and partition coefficient in n-octanol/water as independent variables. The PM3 method was used to calculate the quantum chemical descriptors, chosen to represent the electronic descriptors of molecular structures. The relationship between log (1/IC50) and the descriptors was described by resulted in the QSAR model. The resulted QSAR model for caffeic acid derivatives as an antioxidant is presented below:

-7.858+1.149dipol+0.485logP-61.68C5

R=1; R2=0.999; SE=0.008; F=342

QSAR model for caffeic acid derivatives showed the enhancement of antioxidant activity due to the decrease of electronic properties (derived from the dipole moment value and C5 atomic charge), Log P representing hydrophobicity did not show a significant effect on antioxidant activity while increasing the chain length of antioxidant molecules indicate an increase in steric hindrance causes a decrease in antioxidant activity. The calculated PRESS (Predicted Residual Error Sum of Square) value was 6.69E-05, which indicates the calculated log (1/IC50) using QSAR Hansch Model of caffeic acid derivatives is similar with experimental data.
Analysis of production kojic acid from endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus isolated from Annona squamosa leaves using an OSMAC Approach
Authors: Ola Antonius R B , Sugi Yoseph , Pada Soa Christina A , Lerrik Reiner I , Tawa Bibiana D
Published: May 2020

An analysis production of kojic acid by endophytic fungi Aspergillus flavus from leaves of Annona squamosa has been undertaken using three different types of media including rice (Oryza sativa), sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and waxy corn (Zea mays ceritina). The fungi were extracted using ethyl acetate and quantitatively analyzed their content of kojic acid using HPLC. The intrapolation peak area of kojic acid’s content in each fungal medium to the regression equation of standard kojic acid resulted in the concentration of kojic acid in each extract 3.149% for rice media, 5.998% for sweet corn media and 2.226% for waxy corn media. Pure kojic acid from an extract of fungi grown on rice media was obtained from 90% DCM fraction by VLC fractionation. The structure was determined by means of NMR and HPLC analysis data.
Synthesis and characterization of modified γ-Alumina-NaA and γ-Alumina-NaX zeolite composites as methanol dehydration catalysts in synthesis Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Authors: Ulfah M , Octavia S , Suherman H , Laniwati M , Makerthiharta IGBN , Subagjo
Published: May 2020

Dimethyl ether (DME) is of great interest due to its wide application. It is currently being demonstrated for use as an alternative diesel fuel or substituting LPG for household. DME production via methanol dehydration reaction is affected by textural properties and catalyst surface acidity. The experimental study of textural properties in addition to surface acidity of both γ–Al2O3 prepared in this study and modified γ–Al2O3 over zeolite A and X mixing were conducted. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). Referring to N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm using the Brunauer-Emmerr-Teller (BET) equation, the catalysts were observed possessing high specific surface area (170–279 m2 g-1) and pore diameters of 5.6 – 8.8 nm (mesoporous). The XRD patterns of all catalysts still reveals clear peaks of γ–Al2O3 components. The strength of the acid sites of alumina modified with zeolite A is categorized as medium acid sites, whereas modified by zeolite X varies.
Application of rhamnolipid biosurfactant for bio-detergent formulation
Authors: Helmy Q , Gustiani S , Mustikawati AT
Published: May 2020

Biosurfactants, also known as biological surface-active agents, are a group of surface-active agents, which are produced by a variety of microorganisms. Biosurfactants possess the characteristic property of lowering surface tension, increase the solubility of poorly soluble compound, low toxicity, non-allergenic, and biodegradable. Growing public awareness about the environmentally friendly health care and associated product has stimulated the search for eco-friendly compounds in laundry detergents. In this research, the application of biosurfactants in the formulation of a washing detergent was investigated. Variation of biosurfactants and its mixture with sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder and sodium sulfate as filler was applied to wash cotton fabric which was contaminated with known amounts of stain (chocolate milk). The effects of various bio-detergent formulations, including the ratio of biosurfactants and builder, was examined. The formulation presented in this study was also compared with some standard detergent for the stains removal efficiency. The results showed that the rhamnolipid biosurfactants have a promising as a substitute for its synthetic counterpart. Based on the colorfastness to wash, color strength (K/S), and color difference (∆E) value, rhamnolipid based bio-detergent have similar washing effectiveness compared to the synthetic detergent. Research result also found that Na-bicarbonate and Na-citrate have the potential as a substitute for phosphate-based detergent builder.
Biomass gasification of candlenut shell and coconut coir with the updraft gasifier method being alternative fuel
Authors: Makaborang M , Kabeko S S , Dethan J J S , Lano M L
Published: May 2020

Lately, the use of fossil fuels has caused many environmental problems such as global warming as a result of greenhouse gas emissions, which has led to increased fuel prices and erratic availability. These encouraged the interest of researchers to find alternative fossil fuels sourced from renewable raw materials. Candlenut shells and coconut fiber are high-potential plantation and agricultural commodities in East Nusa Tenggara. Statistical data shows that candlenut production reached 1,262.38 tons, while coconut reached 68,496 tons in 2016. The by-products of shells and coir can be used as a good raw material for the gasification process into alternative fuels. One of the established gasification processes in the industry is updraft gasifier. This research has varied the use of candlenut shells and coconut coir in the range of 0-100% to study the characteristics of its gasification products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations of candlenut shells and coconut coir on syngas ignition time; the effective time of the gasification process, remaining charcoal and ash, the efficiency of the gasification process and to find out the best variation between candlenut shells and coconut fiber on gas products (syngas) updraft gasifier. The results obtained indicate that the process of gasification of candlenut shells and coconut coir using updraft gasifier was very influential at the time of ignition of syngas, and the effective time of gasification. The highest syngas ignition time was obtained in a variation of 50% candlenut and 50% coconut husk which was 43.14 minutes and the lowest was a variation of 0% shells and 100% coconut husk which was 39.75 minutes. While the highest effective time of the gasification process was obtained by variations of 100% candlenut and 0% coconut husk which was 33.13 minutes and the lowest in variations of 75% shells and 25% coconut husk which was 37.40 minutes. The best gasification process was shown in a variation of 50% candlenut shells and 50% coconut husk.
Biogas production using manure from KPBS Pangalengan’s dairy farm and its role in reducing Citarum river pollution
Authors: Widiatmoko Pramujo , Rizkiana Jenny , Yuwono Susilo , Taufiq Mohammad , Hadi Candra Purnama
Published: May 2020

Dairy farms have potential to be organic sources (i.e., cow dung) for producing biogas. This paper presents a study on biogas production from a dairy farm in Pangalengan, South Bandung Area, Indonesia. We installed the Tenari Model biogas reactor with 4 m3 volume. The composition and amount of produced biogas were analyzed. Its effects on reducing water contaminants in Citarum River were studied by monitoring the reactor water effluent and mapping the river watershed. The produced biogas could supply daily cooking gas for the farm sufficiently.
Isolation, identification and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from annona leaves (Annona squamosa L.) growing in dry land
Authors: Ola Antonius R B , Sugi Yoseph , Lay Caterina S
Published: May 2020

Research on isolation, identification, and antimicrobial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from leaves of Annona squamosa growing in dryland had been undertaken. The work includes the isolation of endophytic fungi, cultivation, and extraction of fungal extract and identification of chemical metabolites together with the antibacterial test. The pure colony of endophytic fungi was grown on solid rice media using 1 L Erlenmeyer flask. The grown fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate crude extract was then further subjected to chemical analysis and its antibacterial properties. Endophytic fungi species was identified as Aspergillus niger based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Analysis LC-MS/MS had revealed the presence of five metabolites including ephedradine A, ergosine, Ia, mudanpioside H, and trichosanic acid. The extract showed strong inhibition against Staphyloccus aureus with diameter of zone inhibition of 16.1 mm and moderate inhibition against Escherichia coli 0175H7 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 6939 with the observed diameter of zone inhibition of 9.6 mm and 11.3 mm, respectively.
Sensitivity analysis of fuzzy simple additive weighting to determine land suitability for corn in Kupang Regency
Authors: Sihotang Dony Martinus
Published: May 2020

The change in geographical states, such as weather and climate, makes it difficult for farmers to prepare adequate land for corn cultivation. This research analyses the fuzzy simple additive algorithm used to determine land suitability in Kupang Regency and the use of sensitivity analysis to obtain information on the most sensitive variable(s). Two testing models were conducted in this research, namely, accuracy and sensitivity tests. The result of the accuracy test showed 80% precision, while sensitivity showed that rainfall, soil depth, and C-Organic were highly sensible with a percentage of 100%, followed by slope and soil texture at 66%. Furthermore, the irrigation system, spring, and level of disaster had the same percentage of 33.33%.
Principal component analysis with successive interval in K-Means Cluster Analysis (Study case: Poverty data 2013 in East Nusa Tenggara)
Authors: Tamonob A M , Saefuddin A , Wigena A
Published: May 2020

K-Means Cluster is a cluster analysis for continuous variables with the concept ofdistance used is a euclidean distancewhere that distance is used as observation variables, which are uncorrelated with each other. The case with the type of data that is correlated categorical can be solved by making categorical data into numerical data by the method called the successive interval and then used Principal Component Analysis. Applied this method in poverty data of East Nusa Tenggara Province in K-Means clusterobtained that Principal Component Analysis with Successive interval obtained variables that take effect to the cluster formation are toilet, fuel, and job.
Effect of aggressive media on working capacity of composite elements in mechanical engineering
Authors: Koryagin S I , Sharkov O V , Velikanov N L
Published: May 2020

Composite elements can improve not only the strength but also the protective properties of engineering products, thus reducing corrosion losses. At present, there is no sufficient study of the environment influence on the working capacity of composite elements, in particular on the decrease of their crack resistance. The article discusses the calculation and experimental methodology, which allows increasing the accuracy and reliability of the assessment of crack resistance of composite elements under the influence of aggressive media. The presented methodology can be implemented without a test facility by testing directly experimental specimens. To determine the magnitude of the crack propagation energy, a mathematical model is proposed that includes only one independent parameter (radius of curvature). The authors investigated qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the effect on the fracture toughness of such aggressive media as machine oil and water. It is shown that the effect of air and machine oil on the crack resistance is approximately the same. A decrease in crack resistance by 1.56-11.1 times is observed under the influence of water. The composite elements based on the VAK-A adhesive composition have the highest crack resistance in aggressive media.
Innovations in engineering: analysis of the increase effect in net present value
Authors: Kirillov Yu , Dragunova E , Kravchenko A , Dorofeeva A
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the construction of mathematical models for assessing economic conditions under which a positive effect of using loan capital in the implementation of innovative and investment projects in engineering is possible, leading to an increase in net present value (NPV). Based on the constructed models, the authors obtained economic and mathematical relations (linking the parameters of innovation and investment projects: investor profitability standard, loan capital rate, time it was entered into the financial and temporal scheme of the project, the time it began to pay off financial obligations and its duration), which determine the increase effect of NPV due to the corresponding structure of investment capital. In the form of functions of the project parameters, analytical expressions are obtained to determine the critical value of the loan rate, the time of its input, as well as the rate of return on the investor and at which the effect of an increase in the net present value of the project becomes possible. The mathematical relations and the economic conclusions drawn on their basis are backed by practical results, given in a graphic form.
Role of machine building in the development of Russian economy at the present stage
Authors: Bozo N V , Malysheva E V , Filateva N A
Published: May 2020

Machine building is a leading industry in advanced countries. It provides many industries with machines and equipment as it is the main link in the system of intersectoral linkages. Thus, it secures full employment for highly skilled employees, promotes the growth of the level of educational background of the population and contributes to the development of the scientific and technological potential of the country. However, underinvestment in innovation technologies and processes, a limited character of the import substitution model and an insufficient support of the export model greatly hinder rapid and effective development of the machine-building industry. Specific peculiarities of the machine building development such as R&D intensity, labor intensity, and metal intensity, a need in cooperation and consumer orientation influence their geographic location.
Optimasation of Mechanical Cassava Peeling System Parameters
Authors: Gana I M , Shhu A A , Gbabo A
Published: May 2020

This study focused on investigations of effects of mechanical parameters (peeling speed, cutter length) and handling parameter (cassava tuber length) of a cassava peeling machines on the machine output (peeling and recovery efficiencies) with the view of optimizing the parameters. The serious issues of existing techniques of peeling cassava are moderately low peeling and recovery efficiencies because of the irregular shape and size of cassava tubers. The results of the trial of the machine utilizing the cassava tubers revealed that all the parameters have significant effects on the peeling and recovery efficiencies of the machine. The cutter length had a more significant impact on the peeling and recovery efficiencies. Maximum values of 83.5 % and 97.2% for peeling and recovery efficiencies respectively, with an attractive quality of 0.864 were achieved from peeling cassava tuber of 50 mm length with cutter length of 2 mm at a speed of 328 rpm. The investigation’s discoveries give the standard machine input parameters which are equipped for improving quality, peeling and recovery efficiencies of a mechanical cassava peeling system.
Molecular Docking simulation and Fluorescence lifetime characteristics of NIR Cyanine Dye Complexes with Albumin
Authors: Kostyukov A , Mestergazi M , Shmykova A , Podrugina T , Pogonin V , Radchenko E , Palyulin V , Borissevitch I , Kuzmin V
Published: May 2020

The high sensitivity of modern techniques for lifetime detection opens new significant opportunities for investigation of various processes in the biological media. Here, we report on the novel sub-class of cyanine dyes. We examined the effect of electronic coupling on the optical properties of the complex of the dye with the human serum albumin. TCSPC measurements of fluorescence decay provided evidence that the studied dye generates more than two kinds of complexes with albumin. It was established that the effect of “frozen structure” in complex changes the rate of photoisomerization way of the dye’s excited state degradation. Furthermore, by means of molecular docking, the experimentally proposed mechanism of complex formation and the existence of several binding sites were confirmed.
Surface modification TRIP \ TWIP steels
Authors: Prosvirnin D V , Larionov M D , Kolmakov A G , Larionova A V , Pruckov M E , Pivovarchik S V
Published: May 2020

TRIP/TWIP steels have high tensile strength, plasticity, and much higher yield stress then other structural steels. Currently class of TRIP/TWIP steels with austenite-martensite structure is used in highly loaded parts, such as helicopter propeller torsion bars. TRIP steels are most in demand in the automotive industry. However, this steel has a problem with fatigue strength, because martensite of deformation (product of austenite-martensite transformation induced by plastic deformation) is stress concentrator. Surface modification will increase fatigue strength and ductility, as well as high corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. It is supposed to evaluate the effect of a particular chemical element or chemical compound in the interaction with steels with a high austenite content and make first steps towards to technology of Surface modification TRIP\TWIP steels.
Facile synthesis of Ge1−xSnx nanowires
Authors: Xu Ying , Al-Salim Najeh , Lim Teck Hock , Bumby Chris W , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D
Published: May 2020

We report a facile one-pot solution phase synthesis of one-dimensional Ge1−x
Sn
x
nanowires. These nanowires were synthesized in situ via a solution-liquid-solid (SLS) approach in which triphenylchlorogermane was reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of tin nanoparticle seeds. Straight Ge1−x
Sn
x
nanowires were obtained with an average diameter of 60 ± 20 nm and an approximate aspect ratio of 100. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed that tin was homogeneously incorporated within the germanium lattices at levels up to 10 at%, resulting in a measured lattice constant of 0.5742 nm. The crystal structure and growth orientation of the nanowires were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanowires adopted a face-centred-cubic structure with individual wires exhibiting growth along either the 〈111〉, 〈110〉 or 〈112〉 directions, in common with other group IV nanowires. Growth in the 〈112〉 direction was found to be accompanied by longitudinal planar twin defects.
Serum total indoxyl sulfate and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients: results from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study
Authors: Yamamoto Suguru , Fuller Douglas S , Komaba Hirotaka , Nomura Takanobu , Massy Ziad A , Bieber Brian , Robinson Bruce , Pisoni Ronald , Fukagawa Masafumi
Published: May 2020

Background

Uremic toxins are associated with various chronic kidney disease-related comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, reacts with vasculature, accelerating atherosclerosis and/or vascular calcification in animal models. Few studies have examined the relationship of IS with clinical outcomes in a large cohort of hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods

We included 1170 HD patients from the Japan Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study Phase 5 (2012–15). We evaluated the associations of serum total IS (tIS) levels with all-cause mortality and clinical outcomes including cardiovascular (CV)-, infectious- and malignancy-caused events using Cox regressions.

Results

The median (interquartile range) serum tIS level at baseline was 31.6 μg/mL (22.6–42.0). Serum tIS level was positively associated with dialysis vintage. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (range: 0.01–2.9). We observed 174 deaths (14.9%; crude rate, 0.06/year). Serum tIS level was positively associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 μg/mL higher, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.28]. Association with cause-specific death or hospitalization events, per 10 μg/mL higher serum tIS level, was 1.18 (95% CI 1.04–1.34) for infectious events, 1.08 (95% CI 0.97–1.20) for CV events and 1.02 (95% CI 0.87–1.21) for malignancy events after adjusting for covariates including several nutritional markers.

Conclusions

In a large cohort study of HD patients, serum tIS level was positively associated with all-cause mortality and infectious events.
Selfish algorithm and emergence of collective intelligence
Authors: Mahmoodi Korosh , West Bruce J , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: May 2020

We propose a model for demonstrating spontaneous emergence of collective intelligent behaviour (i.e. adaptation and resilience of a social system) from selfish individual agents. Agents’ behaviour is modelled using our proposed selfish algorithm ($SA$) with three learning mechanisms: reinforced learning ($SAL$), trust ($SAT$) and connection ($SAC$). Each of these mechanisms provides a distinctly different way an agent can increase the individual benefit accrued through playing the prisoner’s dilemma game ($PDG$) with other agents. $SAL$ generates adaptive reciprocity between the agents with a level of mutual cooperation that depends on the temptation of the individuals to cheat. Adding $SAT$ or $SAC$ to $SAL$ improves the adaptive reciprocity between selfish agents, raising the level of mutual cooperation. Importantly, the mechanisms in the $SA$ are self-tuned by the internal dynamics that depend only on the change in the agent’s own payoffs. This is in contrast to any pre-established reciprocity mechanism (e.g. predefined connections among agents) or awareness of the behaviour or payoffs of other agents. Also, we study adaptation and resilience of the social systems utilizing $SA$ by turning some of the agents to zealots to show that agents reconstruct the reciprocity structure in such a way to eliminate the zealots from getting advantage of a cooperative environment. The implications and applications of the $SA$ are discussed.
A case report: a rare case of severe aortic incompetence
Authors: Sondh Mandeep Singh , Tandon Rohit , Gupta Rajiv , Wander Gurpreet Singh
Published: May 2020

Background

Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva (SOV) are thin-walled outpouchings most commonly involving the right or non-coronary sinuses. Because they are asymptomatic, they are rarely discovered before they rupture and form an aorto-cardiac fistula. We present a rare case of unruptured aneurysm of the right coronary SOV burrowing into the interventricular septum with severe aortic incompetence and left ventricular dysfunction. To our knowledge, burrowing of the SOV aneurysm (SVA) into the interventricular septum and its large sac-like appearance has never been described using three dimensional (3D) echocardiography before.

Case summary

A 37-year-old man presented to the cardiology outpatient department with complaints of dyspnoea and palpitations (New York Heart Association Class II–III) for the last 6 months. He was evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography which showed a large mobile sac-like structure with irregular borders bulging and prolapsing into the left ventricular cavity with each cardiac cycle along with severe aortic incompetence. On transoesophageal echocardiogram, the right coronary cusp showed malcoaptation with deformed aortic sinus causing severe aortic incompetence. Cardiac computed tomography showed sparing of right coronary artery at the origin. A diagnosis of SVA was made. The patient underwent aortic valve replacement along with partial resection of the aneurysm. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Follow-up echocardiography after 4 weeks showed well-seated aortic valve prosthesis with residual SVA. The ejection fraction decreased from 46–48% to 36–38%.

Discussion

Comprehensive multimodality imaging can be used for management strategy of SVA.
Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas
Authors: Novoa Ana , Keet Jan-Hendrik , Lechuga-Lago Yaiza , Pyšek Petr , Roux Johannes J Le
Published: May 2020

Coastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C. edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C. edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.
Adaptation of public health initiatives: expert views on current guidance and opportunities to advance their application and benefit
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Bolsewicz Katarzyna , Grady Alice , Wyse Rebecca , Sutherland Rachel , Hodder Rebecca Kate , Kingsland Melanie , Nathan Nicole , McCrabb Sam , Bauman Adrian , Wiggers John , Moullin Joanna , Albers Bianca , Fernandez Maria E , Hall Alix , Sims-Gould Joanie , Taylor Natalie , Rissel Chris , Milat Andrew , Bailey Andrew , Batchelor Samantha , Attia John , Wolfenden Luke
Published: May 2020

While there is some guidance to support the adaptation of evidence-based public health interventions, little is known about adaptation in practice and how to best support public health practitioners in its operationalization. This qualitative study was undertaken with researchers, methodologists, policy makers and practitioners representing public health expert organizations and universities internationally to explore their views on available adaptation frameworks, elicit potential improvements to such guidance, and identify opportunities to improve implementation of public health initiatives. Participants attended a face to face workshop in Newcastle, Australia in October 2018 where World Café and focus group discussions using Appreciative Inquiry were undertaken. A number of limitations with current guidance were reported, including a lack of detail on ‘how’ to adapt, limited information on adaptation of implementation strategies and a number of structural issues related to the wording and ordering of elements within frameworks. A number of opportunities to advance the field was identified. Finally, a list of overarching principles that could be applied together with existing frameworks was generated and suggested to provide a practical way of supporting adaptation decisions in practice.
Systematic Review: Psychosocial Correlates of Pain in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Murphy Lexa K , de la Vega Rocio , Kohut Sara Ahola , Kawamura Joy S , Levy Rona L , Palermo Tonya M
Published: May 2020

Background

Pain is a common symptom in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with poor health outcomes, yet additional knowledge about the psychosocial correlates of pain is needed to optimize clinical care. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the psychosocial factors associated with pain and pain impact in youth diagnosed with IBD within a developmentally informed framework.

Methods

Manual and electronic searches yielded 2641 references. Two authors conducted screening (98% agreement), and data extraction was performed in duplicate. Average study quality was rated using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool.

Results

Ten studies (N = 763 patients; N = 563 Crohn disease, N = 200 ulcerative/ indeterminate colitis) met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed consistent evidence that higher levels of child depression symptoms and child pain catastrophizing were associated with significantly greater pain and pain impact (magnitude of association ranged from small to large across studies). Greater pain and pain impact were also associated with higher levels of child anxiety symptoms, child pain threat, child pain worry, and parent pain catastrophizing. Within the included studies, female sex and disease severity were both significantly associated with pain and pain impact. Study quality was moderate on average.

Conclusions

There is evidence that child psychosocial factors are associated with pain and pain impact in pediatric IBD; more studies are needed to examine parent- and family-level psychosocial factors. Youth with IBD should be routinely screened for pain severity, pain impact, and psychosocial risk factors such as anxiety/depression.