bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HEAVY METALS AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL AND GRAPEVINE UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa de Souza , Lima Augusto Miguel Nascimento , Salviano Alessandra Monteiro , Bassoi Luís Henrique , Pereira Giuliano Elias
Published: April 2015

Soils under natural conditions have heavy metals in variable concentrations and there may be an increase in these elements as a result of the agricultural practices adopted. Transport of heavy metals in soil mainly occurs in forms dissolved in the soil solution or associated with solid particles, water being their main means of transport. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heavy metal and micronutrient content in the soil and in the grapevine plant and fruit under different irrigation strategies. The experiment was carried out in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three irrigation strategies: full irrigation (FI), regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), and deficit irrigation (DI). During the period of grape maturation, soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80 cm. In addition, leaves were collected at the time of ripening of the bunches, and berries were collected at harvest. Thus, the heavy metal and micronutrient contents were determined in the soil, leaves, and berries. The heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the soil showed a stochastic pattern in relation to the different irrigation strategies. The different irrigation strategies did not affect the heavy metal and micronutrient contents in the vine leaves, and they were below the contents considered toxic to the plant. In contrast, the greater availability of water in the FI treatment favored a greater Cu content in the grape, which may be a risk to vines, causing instability and turbidity. Thus, adoption of deficit irrigation is recommended so as to avoid compromising the stability of tropical wines of the Brazilian Northeast.
LIBERAÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES DA PALHADA DE FORRAGEIRAS CONSORCIADAS COM MILHO E SUCESSÃO COM SOJA
Authors: Mendonça Veridiana Zocoler de , Mello Luiz Malcolm Mano de , Andreotti Marcelo , Pariz Cristiano Magalhães , Yano Élcio Hiroyoshi , Pereira Francisco Cezar Belchor Lages
Published: April 2015

Em regiões de clima tropical ocorre rápida decomposição do material vegetal depositado sobre o solo, sendo a capacidade de reciclar nutrientes pela decomposição da palhada um dos aspectos mais importantes das plantas de cobertura. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade e a liberação de nutrientes de forrageiras consorciadas com milho para ensilagem, sucedido pela cultura da soja. Em área da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Ilha Solteira, o experimento consistiu do consórcio de milho com quatro forrageiras: Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum cv. Áries, semeadas de três formas: na linha de semeadura do milho, misturada ao adubo; a lanço no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho; e a lanço no estádio V4 do milho, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 4 × 3 e quatro repetições. A avaliação da liberação de nutrientes foi realizada durante o cultivo da soja em sucessão aos consórcios pelo método do litter bag, aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 após a semeadura da soja. Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia apresentou maior produtividade de matéria seca quando semeada a lanço por ocasião da semeadura do milho. A semeadura das forrageiras na linha do milho e a lanço simultaneamente ao milho proporcionaram maior produtividade de matéria seca para formação de palhada. O consórcio da cultura do milho com forrageiras no outono é alternativa para elevar a quantidade de palhada e ciclagem de macronutrientes em sistema plantio direto. O K foi o nutriente que apresentou maior acúmulo na palhada das forrageiras (até 150 kg ha-1), com 100 % de liberação aos 90 dias após a semeadura da soja, sendo excelente alternativa de ciclagem desse nutriente. Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia semeada a lanço simultaneamente ao milho se destacou na ciclagem de P (13 kg ha-1). Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia distribuída a lanço no estádio V4 do milho é a opção com menor potencial para produção de palhada e ciclagem de nutrientes, enquanto as demais opções (forrageiras e modalidades de semeadura) têm maior potencial de utilização, ficando a critério da disponibilidade dos maquinários para implantação do consórcio com a cultura do milho.
Marketing de relacionamento com a Apple: o papel do julgamento e significado de produto na escolha do iPhone
Authors: Demo Gisela , Guanabara Morgana
Published: April 2015

Em um cenário de competitividade recrudescente, a gestão de relacionamento com clientes (CRM) apresenta-se como profícuo diferencial organizacional. A maneira pela qual os consumidores processam seu julgamento, passo-a-passo ou afetivo, e atribuem significados, utilitário ou simbólico, a produtos é particularmente relevante para entender seu comportamento de consumo e seu relacionamento com as marcas. Igualmente importante é a tomada de decisões realizada com base nesse processo. Haja vista a escassez na literatura de estudos científicos que relacionem o CRM a variáveis de comportamento do consumidor, esse estudo, de natureza quantitativa, teve como objetivo identificar se o relacionamento dos consumidores com a Apple pode ser influenciado pelo julgamento e significado que eles atribuem ao produto iPhone. Os resultados mostraram a influência do julgamento afetivo no estabelecimento do relacionamento com a marca. Além disso, foi possível concluir que os usuários pesquisados são influenciados mormente pelo julgamento passo-a-passo e dão mais importância ao significado utilitário no processo de escolha e compra do iPhone. Quanto à percepção do relacionamento com a Apple, os respondentes demonstraram que a alta qualidade dos smartphones vendidos pela marca e a confiança na marca são os fatores mais preponderantes na sua escolha. A contribuição acadêmica deste trabalho reside em preencher a lacuna na literatura ao identificar antecedentes do CRM. Outrossim, em uma perspectiva gerencial, tanto para a Apple como para outras fabricantes de smartphones, os resultados por ora obtidos podem ser utilizados como diagnóstico para auxiliar os gestores em suas estratégias de promoção de produtos e fidelização de clientes.
Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, voluntary bone marrow donors registry analysis
Authors: Macêdo Marina Barguil , Tsuneto Luiza Tamie , Teixeira Rosemary Almeida de Oliveira , Oliveira Maria do Socorro Belarmino de , Moita Neto José Machado , Silva Adalberto Socorro da , Sousa Luiz Cláudio Demes da Mata , Carvalho Marayza Gomes , Sales Herton Luiz Alves , Barroso José Renato Pereira de Moura , Araújo Anaregina de Sousa , Monte Semiramis Jamil Hadad do
Published: April 2015

Objective: this study aimed to report the allele and haplotype frequencies of volunteer bone marrow donors (VBMD) from the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) who were enrolled in the Brazilian Volunteer Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDOME). Methods: the sample comprised 12,973 VBMD who had their allele and haplotype frequencies calculated by Arlequin 3.5.1.2. A multivariate analysis of the data was obtained through a principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) performed with SPSS 8.0. Results: the most frequent allelic group was HLA-A*02, followed by -DRB1*13, -DRB1*04, -DRB1*07, -B*44, -B*35, -A*24 and -DRB1*01. Of the 2,701 haplotypes observed, the three most frequent were HLA-A*01 B*08 DRB1*03 (1.62%), -A*29 B*44 DRB1*07 (1.56%) and -A*02 B*44 DRB1*04 (1.29%). These haplotypes were in linkage disequilibrium. RN allele and haplotype frequencies were very similar to those in other Brazilian states in which similar studies have been performed. The PCA revealed that RN is highly genetically similar to Caucasian populations, especially those from Iberian countries, which strongly influenced the state’s ethnic composition. Africans and Amerindians also influenced the RN population structure, to a lesser extent. Conclusion: the HCA reinforced the conclusion that, despite its highly admixed profile, the RN population is genetically similar to European and European-descended populations. The PCA also showed that RN cities do not contribute to the same extent to REDOME, with less populous cities being underrepresented, indicating the need to enroll more VBMD from these smaller cities to faithfully depict the state’s population structure in the database.
Reducing the length of hospital stay after total knee arthroplasty: influence of femoral and sciatic nerve block
Authors: Carvalho Júnior Lúcio Honório de , Temponi Eduardo Frois , Paganini Vinícius Oliveira , Costa Lincoln Paiva , Soares Luiz Fernando Machado , Gonçalves Matheus Braga Jacques
Published: April 2015

Objective: the aim of this study is to evaluate the change in length of hospital stay postoperatively for Total Knee Arthroplasty after using femoral and sciatic nerve block. Materials and methods: the medical records of 287 patients were evaluated, taking into account the number of hours of admission, the percentage and the reason for re-hospitalization within 30 days, as well as associated complications. All patients were divided into two groups according or not to whether they were admitted to ICU or not. During the years 2009 and 2010, isolated spinal anesthesia was the method used in the procedure. From 2011 on, femoral and sciatic nerve blocking was introduced. Results: between the years 2009 and 2012, the average length of stay ranged from 74 hours in 2009 to 75.2 hours in 2010. The average length of stay in 2011 was 56.52 hours and 53.72 hours in 2012, all in the group of patients who did not remain in the ICU postoperatively. In the same period, among those in the group that needed ICU admission, the average length of stay was 138.7 hours in 2009, 90.25 hours in 2010, 79.8 hours in 2011, and 52.91 hours in 2012. During 2009 and 2010, the rate of re-hospitalization was 0%, while in 2011 and 2012, were 3.44% and 1%, respectively. Conclusion: according to this study, the use of femoral and sciatic nerve blocking after total knee arthroplasty allowed significant reduction in hospital stay.
Delinquency and association with behavioral disorders and substance abuse
Authors: Dória Gustavo Manoel Schier , Antoniuk Sérgio Antonio , Assumpção Junior Francisco Baptista , Fajardo Daniele Nascimento , Ehlke Maurício Nasser
Published: April 2015

Objective: to determine the incidence and associations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance abuse disorder (SAD) in adolescents in conflict with the law in a Brazilian cohort. Methods: the Brazilian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged-Children (K-SADS-PL) was administered to 69 adolescent boys who were incarcerated for 45 days in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Results: mean age was 15.5 years (range, 12-16.9 years) and most adolescents originated from disadvantaged social classes (87%). They resided in neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city or towns in the greater metropolitan area. Truancy and low educational achievement were common, with 73.9% not currently attending school and 43.4% not having finished the 5th grade. The great majority lived in single-parent families and many had relatives who themselves had problems with the law. Psychiatric disorders were apparent in 81.1% of the subjects, with the most common disorders being CD (59.4%), SAD (53.6%), and ADHD (43.5%). Both ADHD (p <0.001) and CD (p <0.01) had significant associations with substance abuse. Conclusion: in male adolescents in conflict with the law, ADHD, CD, and SAD were all found to be associated with delinquency.
O potencial narrativo dos lugares destinados às crianças: incursões do grupo de pesquisa em psicologia da infância GPPIN
Authors: Andrade Daniela B. S. Freire
Published: April 2015

O texto discute o potencial narrativo dos espaços da infância por meio de estudos sobre significações e práticas socioeducativas destinadas às crianças na Educação Infantil. Fundamentado na Teoria Histórico Cultural, na abordagem ontogenética da Teoria das Representações Sociais em diálogo com a noção de minorias ativas (MOSCOVICI, 2011) e espaço narrativo (SENETT, 1990), procura responder se crianças são capazes de influenciar processos de significação da realidade e exercer influência social. Apresenta dois estudos que discutem o berçário como artefato cultural, cujas significações orientam profissionalidades de educadoras e regulam estruturas de oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de bebês. Revela o ser e estar de bebês mediante nova organização espacial do berçário anunciando possibilidades de aprendizagem e inserção da educadora na cena lúdica pelo bebê. As análises dos estudos revelam novas significações sobre a criança no contexto das práticas educativas e de pesquisa destacando seu poder de criação.
A relação linguagem, pensamento e ação na microgênese das funções psíquicas superiores
Authors: Werner Jairo
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, de forma concreta, a mediação da fala na constituição das funções psíquicas superiores do sujeito, buscando articular autores da vertente histórico-cultural, como Vigotski,1 com a perspectiva metodológica de Heloisa Marinho, pesquisadora brasileira que centrou na linguagem sua contribuição pioneira no âmbito do desenvolvimento infantil. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se no estudo da relação oral-gráfica (MARINHO; WERNER, 1982), em amostra constituída por três mil crianças, foi realizada a análise microgenética-indiciária (WERNER, 1999, 2001) da atividade gráfica de menino de dois anos de idade cronológica, oriundo da creche UFF. Como resultado, foi possível ilustrar como, na vigência de processo de interação-interlocução adulto-criança e criança-crianças, ocorrem transformações qualitativas nas funções psíquicas (microgênese), nas quais a mediação, por meio dos signos da linguagem (mediação semiótica), reveste-se de papel fundante e constitutivo.
Unterricht muss offener geplant, die Offenheit aber auch klar strukturiert werden
Authors: Brügelmann Hans
Published: April 2015

Schule heute kann kein Ort der Belehrung mehr sein. Unterricht muss sich öffnen: für die großen Unterschiede zwischen den Schülern, für Lernen als eine aktive Aneignung der Welt und für das Recht der Heranwachsenden auf Selbst- und Mitbestimmung (UN-Kinderrechtskonvention). Damit verändert sich die Rolle der Lehrperson: vom Vorgesetzten zum Gegenüber. Statt zu belehren regt sie an, fordert sie heraus, kritisiert und unterstützt sie. Dafür braucht auch ein offener Unterricht Strukturen - inhaltliche, methodische und soziale. Anders als in der traditionellen Didaktik werden sie allerdings nicht "von oben" vorgegeben, sondern zwischen den Beteiligten ausgehandelt. Schule als Ort der Begegnung - zwischen den Generationen und Kulturen.
Educación y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ¿es posible valorar la diversidad en el marco de la tendencia homogeneizadora?
Authors: VIVANCO GEORGINA
Published: April 2015

Este artículo reflexiona críticamente sobre la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la educación, cuestionando la posibilidad de valorar la diversidad en la actual tendencia homogeneizadora de las políticas educacionales. A partir de una investigación bibliográfica, se relevan los contextos de las políticas y programas de incorporación de las TIC en la educación y las lógicas que las sustentan. Se propone contribuir con una perspectiva cultural para abordar el aprendizaje escolar con tecnologías digitales, dentro de marcos de igualdad democrática pero con orientación a la diversidad cultural. Se parte explorando el escenario de globalización y cómo este condiciona la racionalidad que subyace a las políticas públicas en educación. También se reflexiona sobre cómo las TIC han dejado de ser un medio, para convertirse en un ecosistema comunicativo que favorece nuevas subjetividades y formas de estar en el mundo. Finalmente, se enfatiza la necesidad de profundizar la dimensión cultural en la incorporación de las tecnologías en la educación y su articulación transversal con las dimensiones pedagógicas y de inclusión social.
Robots como ferramenta pedagógica nos primeiros anos a aprendizagem como participação
Authors: MARTINS SÓNIA MATILDE PINTO CORREIA , FERNANDES ELSA MARIA DOS SANTOS
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo descreve e analisa um projeto realizado com duas turmas do 1º ciclo do ensino básico que trabalharam conjuntamente com robots, tomando a aprendizagem como um fenómeno intrinsecamente ligado à participação em comunidades de prática (Lave, 1996; Lave; Wenger, 1991). Pretende-se caracterizar os intervenientes, a metodologia de trabalho implementada, a descrição dos artefactos utilizados (robots e escrita de uma história) e analisar a relação dos intervenientes com os robots, os padrões de participação que se revelaram com esse tipo de trabalho, procurando enfatizar os contributos que decorrem da participação em ambientes sociais digitais para a aprendizagem dos alunos, tais como a participação e a negociação conjunta de significados, a importância dos robots e da história terem sido "construídos" pelos estudantes e a existência de um reportório partilhado e um empreendimento conjunto.
Mediações on-line em cursos de educação a distância os professores de língua portuguesa em questão
Authors: RANGEL FLAMINIO DE OLIVEIRA , COSTA HELOISA ALBUQUERQUE , DE-ANGELIS CRISTIANE CAGNOTO MORI , MARTINS ROBERTA LOMBARDI
Published: April 2015

O artigo discute os tipos de mediação on-line desenvolvidos em fóruns do curso "Práticas de Leitura e Escrita na Contemporaneidade" por assessores técnico-pedagógicos (ATP) e outros profissionais com formações distintas e de diferentes áreas e níveis de atuação da rede pública estadual de São Paulo. Partindo do pressuposto de que a formação universitária dos participantes levaria a uma performance otimizada por parte daqueles que tiveram uma formação básica em língua portuguesa, questiona-se se os professores com formação nessa área dominariam mais os conteúdos e, portanto, fariam uma mediação nos fóruns de qualidade mais desejável do que os professores de outras formações. A análise das respostas, com base em elementos desejáveis e não desejáveis, ao não confirmar essa hipótese, retoma, em outro patamar, os conceitos de mediação on-line e letramentos múltiplos.
Emancipación e indagación aportes del pensamiento pedagógico de Valentín Letelier para una discusión de la categoría de acto didáctico
Authors: ARAYA ADRIÁN RODRIGO BAEZA
Published: April 2015

El objetivo del presente artículo es recuperar las ideas pedagógicas del pensador chileno Valentín Letelier (1852-1919), desde un punto de vista crítico al estado del arte en torno a la noción de acto didáctico. Se examina, en primer lugar, el marco histórico dentro del cual Letelier produce su principal texto pedagógico: Filosofía de la educación (1892). Tomándose como base diversos textos del pensador, se caracteriza primeramente su discurso pedagógico, desde el punto de vista didáctico, para luego tomar distancia de la arista de la construcción de una pedagogía del desarrollo. En dicho proceso, se focaliza constantemente el ejercicio de resistencia teórica de Letelier –a veces consciente, a veces no– frente a los discursos metropolitanos. Aprovechando ideas de Said (2001) y de Jorge Medina (2006) sobre la resistencia, se explicitan los posicionamientos didácticos visibles de Letelier en sus reinscripciones del discurso europeo, en la reintegración de sus fisuras, en sus intervenciones e interferencias alegóricas, al mismo tiempo que en sus deudas y tributos con esos discursos metropolitanos. Desde esta perspectiva, el pensamiento de Letelier es considerado una manera de resistencia que permite pensar configuraciones más auténticas del evento didáctico que las existentes en el consenso teórico contemporáneo de una didáctica del objeto.
La enseñanza de la historia una compleja relación entre norma y práctica
Authors: GREGORINI VANESA MARIÁNGELES
Published: April 2015

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar el papel que los docentes asignan a las exigencias curriculares, estableciendo la relación entre dichos documentos y la práctica cotidiana. A partir de la interpretación de entrevistas realizadas a un grupo de profesores, se estudian las formas mediante las cuales los profesores utilizan, descartan y/o reelaboran las exigencias curriculares, partiendo de presuponer que los mismos tienen un rol activo en la resignificación de dichos documentos. Los resultados de la investigación indican que las resignificaciones y adaptaciones que los docentes realizan en la norma escrita varían de acuerdo a las diferentes realidades escolares y su contexto.
Uncoupling protein-2 mRNA expression in mice subjected to intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Vieira Luciana Rodrigues , Martinez Denis , Forgiarini Luiz Felipe , Rosa Darlan Pase da , Muñoz Gustavo Alfredo Ochs de , Fagundes Micheli , Martins Emerson Ferreira , Montanari Carolina Caruccio , Fiori Cintia Zappe
Published: April 2015

Objective: To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxia-a model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-on pancreatic expression of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), as well as on glycemic and lipid profiles, in C57BL mice. Methods: For 8 h/day over a 35-day period, male C57BL mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (hypoxia group) or to a sham procedure (normoxia group). The intermittent hypoxia condition involved exposing mice to an atmosphere of 92% N and 8% CO2 for 30 s, progressively reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 8 ± 1%, after which they were exposed to room air for 30 s and the cycle was repeated (480 cycles over the 8-h experimental period). Pancreases were dissected to isolate the islets. Real-time PCR was performed with TaqMan assays. Results: Expression of UCP2 mRNA in pancreatic islets was 20% higher in the normoxia group than in the hypoxia group (p = 0.11). Fasting serum insulin was higher in the hypoxia group than in the normoxia group (p = 0.01). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance indicated that, in comparison with the control mice, the mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia showed 15% lower insulin resistance (p = 0.09) and 21% higher pancreatic β-cell function (p = 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining of the islets showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the area or intensity of α- and β-cell staining for insulin and glucagon. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of intermittent hypoxia on UCP2 expression. Our findings suggest that UCP2 regulates insulin production in OSA. Further study of the role that UCP2 plays in the glycemic control of OSA patients is warranted.
Risk factors for respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Martins Renato Oliveira , Castello-Branco Nuria , Barros Jefferson Luis de , Weber Silke Anna Theresa
Published: April 2015

Objective: To identify risk factors for respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy in children ≤ 12 years of age with obstructive sleep apnea who were referred to the pediatric ICU (PICU). Methods: A cross-sectional historical cohort study analyzing 53 children after adenotonsillectomy who met predetermined criteria for PICU referral in a tertiary level teaching hospital. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and chi-square test were used to identify risk factors. Results: Of the 805 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy between January of 2006 and December of 2012 in the teaching hospital, 53 were referred to the PICU. Twenty-one children (2.6% of all those undergoing adenotonsillectomy and 39.6% of those who were referred to the PICU) had respiratory complications. Of those 21, 12 were male. The mean age was 5.3 ± 2.6 years. A high apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; p = 0.0269), a high oxygen desaturation index (ODI; p = 0.0082), a low SpO2 nadir (p = 0.0055), prolonged orotracheal intubation (p = 0.0011), and rhinitis (p = 0.0426) were found to be independent predictors of respiratory complications. Some of the complications observed were minor (SpO2 90-80%), whereas others were major (SpO2 ≤ 80%, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, acute pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and apnea). Conclusions: Among children up to 12 years of age with OSA, those who have a high AHI, a high ODI, a low SpO2 nadir, or rhinitis are more likely to develop respiratory complications after adenotonsillectomy than are those without such characteristics.
Parasitic infections in ornamental cichlid fish in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Aguinaga Jefferson Yunis , Marcusso Paulo Fernandes , Claudiano Gustavo da Silva , Lima Bruno Tadeu Marotta , Sebastião Fernanda de Alexandre , Fernandes João Batista Kochenborger , Moraes Flávio Ruas de , Moraes Julieta Rodini Engracia de
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and seasonal distribution of the main parasite species in Amazonian ornamental cichlids that affect their trade. The study was conducted from August 2007 to September 2009. We sampled 3042 specimens from 9 different species, of which 9.47% had at least one type of external parasite. 81.25% of the cases occurred in the dry season. Crenicichla anthurus (28.57%) was the most parasitized, followed by Aequidens diadema (26.32%), Pterophyllum scalare (22.69%), Cichlasoma sp. (9.52%), Apistogramma sp. (3.88%) and Symphysodon aequifasciatus (3.66%). Monogenea was the most abundant group of parasites, occurring in 66.67% of the cases, of which 96.88% occurred in the dry season. This parasite infested 95.68% of Pterophyllum scalare, 76.67% of Apistogramma sp, 33.33% of Cichlasoma sp. and 23.81% of Symphysodon aequifasciatus cases. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infested 100% of Aequidens diadema, 76.19% of Symphysodon aequifasciatus, 66.67% of Cichlasoma sp, 41.67% of Crenicichla anthurus and 23.33% of Apistogramma sp cases. Myxosporidia infested 58.33% of Crenicichla anthurus. Trichodina infested 4.32% of Pterophyllum scalare. The prevalence of these parasites is related to the season, preferred habitat, fish behavior, individual susceptibility and handling of animals during transportation by fishermen.
Parasitological survey on birds at some selected brazilian zoos
Authors: Hofstatter Paulo Gonzalez , Guaraldo Ana Maria Aparecida
Published: April 2015

A parasitological survey was conducted at some zoos in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011. Several groups of birds were surveyed for fecal samples, but the most important was Psittacidae. Among the parasites, Eimeria (coccidian) and Capillaria, Ascaridia and Heterakis (nematodes) were observed in almost one third of the samples. Presence of a rich parasite fauna associated with captive birds seems to be an effect of captivity, since data on free-ranging birds indicate few or virtually no parasites at all. The discovery of new coccidian species during this survey reveals the need of more research on the subject as even well-known bird species have unknown parasites, but caution must be exercised in order to avoid descriptions of pseudoparasites.
The Role of CDK4/6 Inhibition in Breast Cancer
Authors: Murphy Conleth G. , Dickler Maura N.
Published: April 2015

Imbalance of the cyclin D and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway in cancer cells may result in diversion away from a pathway to senescence and toward a more proliferative phenotype. Cancer cells may increase cyclin D-dependent activity through a variety of mechanisms. Therapeutic inhibition of CDKs in tumors to negate their evasion of growth suppressors has been identified as a key anticancer strategy. In this review, we outline the development of CDK inhibitory therapy in breast cancer, including the initial experience with the pan-CDK inhibitor flavopiridol and the next generation of oral highly selective CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors PD0332991 (palbociclib), LEE011 (ribociclib), and LY2835219 (abemaciclib). Data from phase I and II studies in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer demonstrate promising efficacy with manageable toxic effects, chiefly neutropenia. We discuss these studies and the phase III studies that are accruing or nearing completion. We describe the application of such therapy to other breast cancer settings, including HER2-positive breast cancer and the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. We also discuss potential concerns surrounding the combination of CDK inhibitors with chemotherapy and their effects on repair of double-strand DNA breaks in cancer cells. Oral highly selective CDK inhibitors show great promise in improving the outcomes of patients with ER+ breast cancer, although caution must apply to their combination with other agents and in the early breast cancer setting.
KEY ASPECTS OF TIMELINESS AND METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR FORMING DESIGN-CONCEPT OF SAMARA’S IMAGE
Authors: LEVITAN Elena Vladimirovna , ROMANOVA Daria Nikolayevna
Published: April 2015

This article examines the main problem fi elds in the assortment of tourist souvenirs in Samara. An att empt is made to analyze the main relevance aspects that should be considered for shaping the design concept of the modern city image in souvenir printed products. Design concept refl ects the new typological model in choosing characters and plots on the topic of Event Calendar.
ARCHITECTURAL-PLANNING CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADING SHOWCASE AS COMMUNICATOR OBJECT
Authors: KOLESNIKOV Sergey Anatol'evich , EREMINA Ruslana Rashidovna
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to problem of public space in context of communicator object. The problems of design, architecture, fashion, and social trends are viewed. Particular attention is paid to the values of windows, the impact on the public taste. Information on new trends in the formation showcase is considered. Trading showcase is analyzed as instrument of information about new tendencies in the domain of design, architecture, mode and social processes.
RESEARCH METHOD OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING STRUCTURE
Authors: VERETENNIKOV Dmitry B.
Published: April 2015

The identification of stable patterns and trends of shaping of structure of city planning should be carriedout by analyzing the component-wise changes in the structure with the establishment of the relationship between these changes in the course of the study of the genesis of the planning structure. The main directions of this kind of analysis are formulated.
ARCHITECTURE OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE BUILDINGS FOR ORPHAN CHILDREN
Authors: POTIENKO Natalia D.
Published: April 2015

This article presents a typological overview of specialpurpose buildings for orphan children in Russia and abroad, since the beginning of their existence until our days. Foreign experience is characterized by a great diversity in the typological structure of institutions for orphans, in their approach to raising children, functional richness, individual architectural and planning solutions, observance of strict economic requirements. In contrast, Russian experience has a limited typology of buildings for orphans, each with similar planning structure and a narrow set of service functions. The development of family type childrens homes is one of the promising directions of studies all over the world. Unfortunately, there arent very few good examples of specialpurpose buildings for orphan children in our country.
CONSIDERATION ON THE POSSIBILITY OF SAMARA'S ROAD NETWORK DEVELOPMENT AT THE STAGE OF MASTER PLAN DESIGNING
Authors: LAVROV Sergey E.
Published: April 2015

The article views transport availability degradation in Samara. Options for additional throughput capability of transport hubs are presented. Design limitations of road junctions in different levels in urban areas are considered. The possibility of realization of master plan of highwayroad network development in Samara on one line example is analyzed. Comprehensive analysis of mutual combination of horizontal and vertical alignment of adjacent traffic intersections in the particular conditions of their placement on the basis of compliance with regulatory requirements is made. The main problems of realization of master plan of highwayroad network development are formulated. Proposals for the creation of a new mechanism for master plan development, proposals for the specification of plan of continuous motion lines creation are given taking into account real economic conditions.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF WATER FLOW IN CAPACITIVE STRUCTURES DURING START-UP WORKS AND EXPLOITATION
Authors: BARINOV Artiom M.
Published: April 2015

As a result of commissioning of rainwater treatment installation at the Adler sewage treatment plants in Sochi its signifi cant design disadvantages are revealed. Thin layer tank unit doesnt meet project requirements. Computer hydrodynamic model of an existing plant is built to obtain the coefficient of volume usage. Also design changes that improve the performance of the installation are proposed and simulated.
Impact of Oral Commensal Bacteria on Degradation of Periodontal Connective Tissue in Mice
Authors: Irie Koichiro , Tomofuji Takaaki , Ekuni Daisuke , Morita Manabu , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Darveau Richard P.
Published: April 2015

Background: Innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal commensal bacteria can affect periodontal innate defense status. However, it is still unclear how commensal bacteria contribute to the inflammatory responses of junctional epithelium (JE) and periodontal connective tissue (PCT). The aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution of commensal bacteria on inflammatory responses in JE and PCT in mice.

Methods: The periodontal tissue of germ‐free (GF) and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice were compared at age 11 to 12 weeks (n = 6 per group). In this study, the number of neutrophils and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)‐1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, and MMP‐8 within the JE and the PCT are evaluated. The collagen density was also determined in PCT stained with picrosirius red (PSR). PSR staining combined with or without polarized light microscopy has been used to assess the organization and maturation of collagen matrix.

Results: In the present findings, the area of JE in SPF mice was significantly greater than that in GF mice (P <0.05). In addition, the JE and PCT in SPF mice showed greater migration of neutrophils and higher expression of ICAM‐1, FGFR‐1, MMP‐1, and MMP‐8 than those in GF mice (P <0.05). Furthermore, the density of collagen in PCT in SPF mice was lower compared to GF mice (P <0.05).

Conclusion: These results indicate that commensal bacteria induced a low‐grade inflammatory state in JE and that such conditions may contribute to degradation of collagen in PCT in mice.
The Enduring Effects of Smoking in Latin America
Authors: Palloni Alberto , Novak Beatriz , Pinto-Aguirre Guido
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We estimated smoking-attributable mortality, assessed the impact of past smoking on recent mortality, and computed expected future losses in life expectancy caused by past and current smoking behavior in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Methods. We used a regression-based procedure to estimate smoking-attributable mortality and information for 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, and Uruguay) for the years 1980 through 2009 contained in the Latin American Mortality Database (LAMBdA). These countries jointly comprise more than two thirds of the adult population in Latin America and the Caribbean and have the region’s highest rates of smoking prevalence.

Results. During the last 10 years, the impact of smoking was equivalent to losses in male (aged ≥ 50 years) life expectancy of about 2 to 6 years. These effects are likely to increase, particularly for females, both in the study countries and in those that joined the epidemic at later dates.

Conclusions. Unless innovations in the detection and treatment of chronic diseases are introduced soon, continued gains in adult survival in Latin America and the Caribbean region may slow down considerably.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Accelerated Hepatitis B Vaccination Schedule in Drug Users
Authors: Shah Dimpy P. , Grimes Carolyn Z. , Nguyen Anh T. , Lai Dejian , Hwang Lu-Yu
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We demonstrated the effectiveness of an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule in drug users.

Methods. We compared the long-term effectiveness of accelerated (0–1–2 months) and standard (0–1–6 months) hepatitis B vaccination schedules in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) antibody loss during 2-year follow-up in 707 drug users (HIV and HBV negative at enrollment and completed 3 vaccine doses) from February 2004 to October 2009.

Results. Drug users in the accelerated schedule group had significantly lower HBV infection rates, but had a similar rate of anti-HBs antibody loss compared with the standard schedule group over 2 years of follow-up. No chronic HBV infections were observed. Hepatitis C positivity at enrollment and age younger than 40 years were independent risk factors for HBV infection and antibody loss, respectively.

Conclusions. An accelerated vaccination schedule was more preferable than a standard vaccination schedule in preventing HBV infections in drug users. To overcome the disadvantages of a standard vaccination schedule, an accelerated vaccination schedule should be considered in drug users with low adherence. Our study should be repeated in different cohorts to validate our findings and establish the role of an accelerated schedule in hepatitis B vaccination guidelines for drug users.
Comparison of MMP Estimation Methods with Proposed Workflow
Authors: Kanatbayev M. , Meisingset K.K. , Uleberg K.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a practical workflow for evaluating standard MMP estimation methods and fluid characterization and lumping schemes for equation-of-state models with a high number of pseudo-components (typically 22). It has also been illustrated the validity of a minimum tuning procedure (mostly to saturation pressure, constant-mass expansion test at Tres, differential liberation experiment if available; adjusting only Tc, Pc), and the predictability of each of the applied approaches.

A quick estimate of MMP with the various methods available is critical when the experimental data are not measured. Given an uncertainty range to calculated MMP based on the data comparison, one might make a valuable contribution to the project where multi-contact miscibility needs to be modelled properly.

In the present study, the experimental slim tube MMP data were measured for reservoir fluids interacted with rich separator gases (17 cases), with pure CO2 (3 cases). The reference reservoir fluids were mostly collected from the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

A minimum tuning procedure for estimating MMP was validated throughout the present study. The fluid characterization workflow proposed in the present study is an efficient starting point to compare estimated MMPs. The results of MMP estimation methods, the ‘tie-line’ approach (in PVTsim software), slim tube simulation approach (both in PVTsim and Eclipse 300) and the ‘mixing cell’ approach, agree reasonably well within laboratory accuracy range. The uncertainty range observed in the present study would be acceptable for most field application cases.
Dynamic Well Conversion and Rate Optimisation Using Ensemble-based Method
Authors: Petvipusit Kurt R. , Chang Yuqing
Published: April 2015

This work describes the use of ensemble-based optimisation (EnOpt) approach to maximise a pre-defined economic criterion, the Net Present Value (NPV), while considering two well parameters simultaneously, the well type and the corresponding well control rates for a given subsurface model. EnOpt has previously been used to optimise well control settings for a fixed number of producers and injectors. It relies on the ensemble of well control settings from which the sensitivities of a suitably constructed objective function are approximated. The sensitivities to the control settings are then used with a steepest descent algorithm to determine optimal well controls. Our proposed approach relies, instead, on the selection of three variables for each well: liquid production rate, injection rate, and well conversion time. Well conversion time dictates the optimal time to switch a producer to an injector, which also plays a key role in determining well type and the optimal number of injectors and producers. The superior performance of our approach is indicated by the increase in NPV, cumulative oil production and sweep efficiency within a predefined reservoir life. This work presents three case studies: only well-type optimisation, only well rate control optimisation and simultaneous well conversion and well rate optimisation. We also discuss the effect of localisation used in the EnOpt algorithm on well conversion and well control optimisation. Based on numerical results of the reservoir PUNQ-S3 model, our approach revealed potential benefits of dynamic well conversion and rate control to optimise waterflooding. Comparing the proposed approach with the traditional EnOpt workflow, using a fixed number of producers and injectors, clearly indicates improved project revenues with a comparable computational effort.
Does National Culture Influence Corporate Carbon Disclosure Propensity?
Authors: Luo Laura Le , Tang Qingliang
Published: April 2015

This study examines the influence of culture on management's response to the challenge of climate change, as manifested in firms' voluntary participation in carbon disclosure via the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP). We argue that national culture impacts managerial attitudes and philosophies about environmental protection and thus affects the willingness as well as the extent to which managers recognize the need for emissions control and disclosure. Based on a sample of 1,762 firms from 33 countries, we find that cultural dimensions of masculinity, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance are strongly and consistently related to carbon disclosure propensity, regardless of whether G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede, and Minkov (2010) or Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness (GLOBE) culture measures are used. Our results also show individualism and long-term orientation has significant impact under the Hofstede measure, although not under GLOBE measures, after controlling for other compounding factors. In addition, our evidence implies that national culture may moderate the effect of carbon control mechanisms, such as emissions trading schemes. Finally, the empirical evidence indicates that the impact of culture is not sensitive to national wealth and industry membership. The findings suggest culture exerts incremental influences beyond economic and regulatory incentives and therefore should be adequately considered in the combat against global warming and particularly in negotiations for an international climate agreement that is more acceptable to societies with disparate cultural backgrounds.
Stephanian Fossil Flora from Paralic Carboniferous Deposits of the Jesenice Area (Slovenia) and Its Comparison with Czech Localities
Authors: Pšenička Josef , Kolar-Jurkovšek Tea , Opluštil Stanislav , Novak Matevž
Published: April 2015

This paper provides documentation of the Late Carboniferous flora of the Southern Karavanke Mountains in Slovenia that is housed in the Gornjesavski Muzej (Upper Sava Museum) in Jesenice, Slovenia. The paleoflora from this area has not been systematically documented until today. 21 fossil-species, which probably represent 17 biological species, were identified. Common species include Sigillaria brardii Brongniart, Lepidodendron dissitum Sauver, Annularia carinata Gutbier, Calamites undulatus Sternberg, Sphenophyllum oblongifolium (Germar and Kaulfuss) Unger, Acitheca polymorpha (Brongniart) Schimper and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis (Schlotheim) Barthel. Stratigraphically important are Sphenophyllum oblongifolium and Nemejcopteris feminaeformis, and based on their occurrence we can assume the studied paleoflora to be Gzhelian D (Jigulites jigulensis zone on the Russian Platform), i.e. Stephanian C
Messianism and the Third Kingdom: Intimations of the Twentieth Century in Ibsen’s An Enemy of the People
Authors: Yde Matthew
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:

In his own estimation, Emperor and Galilean (1873) was Ibsen’s major work, the one play most important to him. Yet it was right after the completion of this ten-act two-play cycle that he turned away from epic-style Romantic plays and began writing his more famous realist dramas. This article argues that the central theme of Emperor and Galilean, the dawning of a new age, was picked up again in his 1882 play An Enemy of the People. But whereas the historical material of the earlier play guaranteed the protagonist Julian’s defeat, in An Enemy of the People Ibsen has consciously created a messiah-like figure, in Dr. Thomas Stockmann, to succeed where Julian had failed. In fact, in his relentless pursuit of the Millennium, and his single-minded fanaticism and unrestrained desire to cleanse the world of “parasites,” Stockmann bears an uncanny resemblance to the messianic figures of the twentieth century, most notably Hitler.
Determination of Osmolality in Beer to Validate Claims of Isotonicity
Authors: Tarancon Juan , Lachenmeier Dirk
Published: April 2015

Alcohol-free beer is increasingly marketed with the claim “isotonic”. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), isotonic beverages should have an osmolality in a range of 270–330 mOsmol/kg. A method to determine osmolality in beer using an automatic cryoscope was applied and validated in this study. Isotonic and hypotonic beers can be measured directly, while hypertonic beers have to be diluted into the linear range of the instrument. As proven in several different beer matrices, the assay was linear with an average correlation coefficient of 0.998. The limits of detection and quantitation were 2 and 10 mOsmol/kg, so that the sensitivity of the method was judged sufficient to control the isotonic range. The measurement uncertainty expressed as coefficient of variation was less than 1% interday. The applicability of the method was proven by measurement of 86 beer samples. Our study has shown that the cryoscopic method is fit for the purpose to validate claims of isotonicity in food control.
A Blended Learning Approach to Teaching Project Management: A Model for Active Participation and Involvement: Insights from Norway
Authors: Hussein Bassam
Published: April 2015

The paper demonstrates and evaluates the effectiveness of a blended learning approach to create a meaningful learning environment. We use the term blended learning approach in this paper to refer to the use of multiple or hybrid instructional methods that emphasize the role of learners as contributors to the learning process rather than recipients of learning. Contribution to learning is attained by using in class gaming as pathways that ensure active involvement of learners. Using a blended learning approach is important in order to be able to address different learning styles of the target group. The approach was also important in order to be able to demonstrate different types of challenges, issues and competences needed in project management. Student evaluations of the course confirmed that the use of multiple learning methods and, in particular, in class gaming was beneficial and contributed to a meaningful learning experience.