bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire With Added Subjective Weighting for Improving Tailored Treatment and Therapy Monitoring in Oncology
Authors: Rose Greta , Rades Dirk , Dunst Jurgen , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Luebbe Andreas , Gieseler Frank
Published: September 2021

Background

It is good medical practice to use validated questionnaires to compare different treatment options in oncological therapy studies. Over the course of the past few years, it has been suggested that patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) could also be of value in monitoring individual treatment schemes, especially in the palliative care setting, where quality of life (QoL) is of primary importance. Although the EORTC-QLQ-C30 comprises a set of personal questions, patients are not asked about the subjectively assessed functional impairment associated with the symptom in their individual life situation.
Methods

We examined whether the results of the EORTC QLQ C-30, one of the most frequently used QoL questionnaires, would be different if the subjective interpretation of symptoms assessed on a function scale, such as physical functioning, are added to the scores. For each of the five functional scales of the EORTC-QLQ C30 the patients were asked to provide a subjective weighting, e.g. "How would you currently rate your physical functioning on a scale from 1 to 5?". A total of 95 answers from 13 patients were evaluated in part at several time points of their therapy. All patients included in this study had various cancers and were receiving only symptomatic but not curative radiation therapy (cerebral or bone).
Results

By adding the weighting question 86% of answers changed, with 39% of the answers being more positive and 47 % more negative when comparing EORTC QLQ-C30 results and subjective rating.
Conclusion

The above results show that the addition of the question of functional impairment resulting from a symptom might enable the use of standard questionnaires like the EORTC QLQ-C30 as an instrument for individual therapy management. Further investigation into how the standard questionnaire needs to be adapted is clearly needed und justified.
Development of a New Quantification Method Using Partial Volume Effect Correction for Individual Energy Peaks in 111In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT
Authors: Yamashita Kosuke , Miyaji Noriaki , Motegi Kazuki , Terauchi Takashi , Ito Shigeki
Published: September 2021

BackgroundSomatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) using 111In-pentetreotide has no established quantification method. The purpose of this study was to develop a new quantitative method to correct the partial volume effect (PVE) for individual energy peaks in 111In-pentetreotide single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MethodsPhantom experiments were performed to construct a new quantitative method. In the phantom experiments, a NEMA IEC body phantom was used. Acquisition was performed using two energy peaks (171 keV and 245 keV) on the SPECT/CT system. In the SPECT images of each energy peak, the region of interest was set at each hot sphere and lung insert, and the recovery coefficient (RC) was calculated to understand the PVE. A new quantitative index, the indium uptake index (IUI), was calculated using the RC to correct the PVE. The quantitative accuracy of the IUI in the hot sphere was confirmed. Case studies were performed to clarify the quantitative accuracy. In a case study, the relationship between the IUI and the Krenning score, which is used as a visual assessment, was evaluated for each lesion. ResultsThe obtained RCs showed that the energy peak at 171 keV was faster in recovering the effect of PVE than that at 245 keV. The IUI in the 17 mm diameter hot sphere was overestimated by 3.1% at 171 keV and underestimated by 0.5% at 245 keV compared to the actual IUI. In case studies, the relationship between IUI and Krenning score was rs = 0.805 (p < 0.005) at sum, rs = 0.77 (p < 0.005) at 171 keV, and rs = 0.84 (p < 0.005) at 245 keV.Conclusion We have developed a new quantification method for 111In-pentetreotide SPECT/CT using RC-based PVE correction for an individual energy peak of 171 keV. The quantitative accuracy of this method was high even for accumulations of less than 20 mm, and it showed a good relationship with the Krenning score; therefore, the clinical usefulness of IUI was demonstrated.
The Association Between Ambient UVB Dose and ANCA-associated Vasculitis Relapse and Onset
Authors: Scott Jennifer , Havyarimana Enock , Navarro-Gallinad Albert , White Arthur , Wyse Jason , Geffen Jos van , Weele Michiel van , Buettner Antonia , Wanigasekera Tamara , Walsh Cathal , Aslett Louis , Kelleher John D , Power Julie , Ng James , O’Sullivan Declan , Hederman Lucy , Basu Neil , Little Mark A. , Zgaga Lina
Published: September 2021

Background

The etiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and triggers of relapse are poorly understood. Vitamin D (vitD) is an important immunomodulator, potentially responsible for the observed latitudinal differences between granulomatous and non-granulomatous AAV phenotypes. A narrow ultraviolet B spectrum induces vitD synthesis (vitD-UVB) via the skin. We hypothesised that prolonged periods of low ambient UVB (and by extension vitD deficiency) are associated with the granulomatous form of the disease and an increased risk of AAV relapse.
Methods

Patients with AAV recruited to the Irish Rare Kidney Disease (RKD) (n = 439) and UKIVAS (n = 1961) registries were studied. Exposure variables comprised latitude and measures of ambient vitD-UVB, including cumulative weighted UVB dose (CW-D-UVB), a well-validated vitD proxy. An n-of-1 study design was used to examine relapse risk. Multi-level models and logistic regression were used to examine the effect of predictors on AAV relapse risk, phenotype and serotype.
Results

Residential latitude was positively correlated (OR:1.41, 95% CI 1.14–1.74, p = 0.002) and average vitD-UVB negatively correlated (0.82, 0.70–0.99, p = 0.04) with relapse risk, with a stronger effect when restricting to winter measurements (0.71, 0.57–0.89, p = 0.002). However, these associations were not restricted to granulomatous phenotypes. We observed no clear relationship between latitude, vitD-UVB or CW-D-UVB and AAV phenotype or serotype.
Conclusion

Our findings suggest that low winter ambient UVB and prolonged vitD status contribute to AAV relapse risk across all phenotypes. However, development of a granulomatous phenotype does not appear to be directly vitD-mediated. Further research is needed to determine whether sufficient vitD status would reduce relapse propensity in AAV.
Prognostic Significance of TM4SF1 and DDR1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Huang Zhijiong , Yao Hongyu , Yang Zhijun
Published: September 2021

Background: TM4SF1 and DDR1 are expressed in many cancers, but their expression in ovarian cancer and the relationship between their expression and patient prognosis are still unclear. The present study aimed to explore the expression of TM4SF1 and DDR1 as well as their relationship with the prognosis of ovarian cancer.Methods: The Oncomine database and gene expression profile interactive analysis (GEPIA) were used to compare the different expression levels of TM4SF1 and DDR1 in ovarian cancer, and Kaplan–Meier plotter was used to analyse the relationship between gene expression and patient prognosis. The interacting proteins of TM4SF1 and DDR1 were analysed by STRING, which is an online protein interaction analysis tool, and enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways was conducted for these interacting proteins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of TM4SF1 and DDR1 protein in ovarian cancer tissue and to analyse the relationship between the expression and prognosis.Results: Database and clinical sample analyses showed that the expression levels of TM4SF1 and DDR1 were significantly higher in ovarian cancer and that TM4SF1 and DDR1 were coexpressed in some cases. STRING analysis found that the TM4SF1 and DDR1 proteins had an interaction relationship. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer patients with TM4SF1 and DDR1 coexpression were significantly shorter than those of patients lacking TM4SF1 and DDR1 coexpression. Multivariate analysis showed that TM4SF1 and DDR1 protein coexpression was an independent prognostic factor.Conclusions: TM4SF1 and DDR1 proteins were coexpressed in some ovarian cancer tissues and were considered adverse prognostic factors for ovarian cancer. Our findings suggested that there might be an interaction or mutual regulatory mechanism of TM4SF1 and DDR1.
Profiling Transgenic Nitrogen Use Efficient Rice for Proximates, Minerals and Aminoacids
Authors: Amedu Josephine , Ibrahim Abdulrazak , Kwaga Jacob , Ebegba Rufus , Akinbo Olalekan , Ehirim Bernard , Ayuba Samali
Published: September 2021

Nitrogen’s dual effects as a critical nutrient input in rice production and a major environmental pollutant necessitate developing approaches that enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). As a staple crop in Nigeria, the development and release of NUE rice for commercial purposes, represent an important milestone in addressing food and nutrition security challenges in the country. An important step in the establishment of biosafety baseline for the Oryza sativa Antiquinin 1/Hordeum vulgare Alanine Amino Transferase (OsAnt1/HvAlaAT) transgenic rice grains with enhanced NUE, is the conduct of compositional assessment as part of the weight of evidence approach, for evaluating whether there were any unanticipated consequences of their genetic modification. In this study, proximates, minerals and amino acid profiles of two OsAnt1/HvAlaAT transgenic rice events, NUE9 and NUE12 in comparison to their non-genetically modified (GM) counterpart New Rice for Africa (NERICA) 4 were determined. Here, results show that while transgenic rice grains had significantly altered levels of crude protein, crude fat, microminerals and aminoacids compared to controls, they all did not deviate from biological ranges available in literature. Transgenics had crude protein at levels 119.4 - 140.5% and Iron at levels 23% - 67.3% higher than controls respectively. Conversely, levels of fats and Manganese were 57.6 – 73.7% and approximately 25% respectively lower in transgenics in comparison to controls. With regards to aminoacid profile, 77.3% of aminoacids were significantly more abundant in at least one transgenic as compared to controls. Taken together, the results from this study provide preliminary basis for establishing a biosafety baseline that present evidence on the safety of NUE currently subjected to backcrossing events in Nigeria. Furthermore, the results suggest that pOsAnt1/HvAlaAT transgenic lines may not only be more efficient in utilizing N but may also be more nutritious in comparison to non-transgenic varieties.
Inhibitory Effect of the Zinc Metallochaperone NSC319726 on Ovarian Cancer Cells via the Regulation of P53
Authors: Sun Shikui , Liang Yue , Li Ke , Wang Yizhen , Li Huimin , Ji Xinying , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2021

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from malignancies of the female reproductive system. In recent years, there has been little development regarding the treatment of ovarian cancer. Wild-type tumor protein p53 (P53) can inhibit the development of tumor, however, mutations in P53 have been shown in most cases of ovarian cancer. The mutated gene encoded P53 transforms from a tumor suppressor gene to an oncogene, losing its original anti-tumor function. Studies have shown that the zinc metallochaperone NSC319726 can promote the correct folding of P53 in cancer cells and restore its physiological function, however, the function of NSC319726 in ovarian cancer has not been elaborated. So we investigated the role of NSC319726 on biological functions of ovarian cancer and preliminarily determined the specific molecular mechanism. The results showed that NSC319726 could inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Mechanically, NSC319726 regains the tumor-suppressed function of P53, further activates the downstream cyclin-dependent kinase CDK inhibited protein P21, thereby blocking the cell cycle and inhibiting cells proliferation. Therefore, NSC319726 has the potential to act as a novel drug for treating ovarian cancer.
Detection Molecular of Leishmania Spp. And Blood Source in Female Sand Flies in the Parque Estadual Do Rio Doce and in the Municipality of Timóteo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Authors: de Souza Cristian Ferreira , Santos Carlos Alberto dos , Bevilacqua Paula Dias , Filho José Dilermando Andrade , Brazil Reginaldo Peçanha
Published: September 2021

Background: Leishmaniasis is a set of diseases caused by protozoa of the Leishmania genus (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) and transmitted by the bite of female sand fly insects (Diptera: Psychodidae). The present work was characterized as a descriptive study comparing two areas: a wild area where the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD) is located and another urban area, located in the municipality of Timóteo-MG (AUT). Aiming to identify the presence of Leishmania spp. and the blood source of collected female sand flies. Methods: Sand flies were collected with CDC light trap model HP, between September 2012 and February 2014. We used 19 traps in the Urban Area of ​​Timóteo and 12 in the Rio Doce State Park. For molecular studies of Leishmania spp. DNA we used ITS1 gene and in the search of blood source, with naturally fed females, the CytB gene was used and positive samples were sequenced. Results: It was clear that in the municipality of Timóteo there are at least three species of Leishmania: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) guyanensis. A large presence of Leishmania braziliensis DNA was identified in female sand flies. Nyssomyia whitmani was the most captured species in the urban area, while in the PERD it was Pressatia choti, both species were positive for the presence of Leishmania braziliensis DNA. And last but not least was the record of the participation of Gallus gallus (chicken) and Sus scrofa (pig) as a blood source for sandflies, which helps to maintain the life cycle of vectors in the urban area of ​​the municipality.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that Leishmania braziliensis is the main tegumentary leishmaniasis transmitter agent in the study area, with effective participation of Nyssomyia whitmani as a vector. And it draws attention to the possibility that Gallus gallus (chicken) and Sus scrofa (pig) are fundamental in maintaining the cycle in urban areas.
LncRNA PVT1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop With STAT5B
Authors: Li Zhuo , Liu Jian , Fu Huifeng , Li Yuanwei , Lu Qaing , Song Wei , Wang Jiansong
Published: September 2021

Background: Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (LncRNA PVT1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) have been reported to play important roles in various cancers, but their interaction in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore the interaction between lncRNA PVT1 and STAT5B in BC tumorigenesis. Methods: The association of the expression of the lncRNA PVT1 and STAT5B to the prognosis of patient with BC was evaluated via bioinformatic analysis. Loss- and gain-of-function assays were performed to determine the biological functions of lncRNA PVT1 and STAT5B in BC cells. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect lncRNA PVT1 and STAT5B expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to determine the regulatory effect of lncRNA PVT1 on STAT5B. The transcriptional effect of STAT5B on lncRNA PVT1 gene was determined using luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA-affinity precipitation assays.Results: We found that lncRNA PVT1 and STAT5B enhance the expression of each other and promote the malignant phenotypes in BC, including cell viability and invasion. lncRNA PVT1 stabilizes STAT5B by decreasing ubiquitination, enhances STAT5B phosphorylation, and promotes the translocation to the nucleus of STAT5B to trigger further carcinogenesis activities. In the nucleus, STAT5B activates the transcription of lncRNA PVT1 by binding directly to its promoter region, leading to a positive feedback.Conclusions: We first identified the lncRNA PVT1/STAT5B positive feedback loop for bladder carcinogenesis, which may provide new molecular targets for interventions of BC.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the CCT Gene Family in Chinese White Pear (Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd.) and Characterization of PbPRR2 in Response to Varying Light Signals
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Jia-Li , An Lin , Wu Tao , Yang Li , Cheng Yin-Sheng , Nie Xian-Shuang , Qin Zhong-Qi
Published: September 2021

Background: Canopy architecture is critical in determining the light environment, and subsequently the photosynthetic productivity of fruit crops. Numerous CCT domain-containing genes are crucial for plant adaptive responses to diverse environmental cues. Due to the biological importance of CCT genes, many researchers have focused on their functional characterization. However, little information was available about the CCT genes (PbCCTs) of pear, an important fruit crop.Results: Genome-wide sequence analysis identified 42 putative PbCCTs in the genome of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.). Phylogenetic analysis indicated these genes were divided into five subfamilies, namely, COL (14 members), PRR (8 members), ZIM (6 members), TCR1 (6 members) and ASML2 (8 members). Analysis of exon-intron structures and conserved domains provided support for the classification. Genome duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of the CCT family in pear, and that the CCT family evolved under the effect of purifying selection. Expression profiles exhibited diverse expression patterns of PbCCTs in various tissues and in response to varying red and blue light. Additionally, transient overexpression of PbPRR2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in inhibition of photosynthetic performance, suggesting that PbPRR2 may be a negative regulator of photosynthesis. Conclusions:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the CCT gene family in pear and will facilitate further functional investigations of the PbCCTs to uncover their biological roles in light response.
Maceral study to determine the desorbed gas content in the Upper Cretaceous coals of the Landázuri area, Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia
Authors: Guatame Clara , Rincón Marco , Bermúdez Mauricio
Published: September 2021

For several decades, some coal petrographic properties have been proposed as important parameters in the methane gas sorption processes. In this contribution, the petrographic variables (Vitrinite Ratio, Inertinite Ratio, the petrographic indexes (Gelification Index, Groundwater Index, Tissue Preservation Index, Vegetation Index, Vitrinite/Inertinite ratio, and the Vitrinite Reflectance were evaluated according to the maceral preservation and were related with the desorbed gas content. Twenty-five coal seams obtained from the drill cores of two wells in the Landázuri Area-Valle Medio del Magdalena basin were analyzed. The coal samples were grouped according to gas content using principal component analysis (PCA). The petrographic results were analyzed by linear regression and multiple regression. The Medium Volatile Bituminous to Low Volatile Bituminous coals from Landázuri 1 are twice as high in gas content that the High Volatile Bituminous A to Medium Volatile Bituminous coals from Landázuri 2. The volume percentage and the preservation degree macerals are related closely to the gas content and the pore's size involved in the sorption process. The Inertinite is the maceral group related with the highest gas content groups in Landázuri (600 SCF-Standard Cubic Feet/ton, 300 SCF/ton), while the other groups show the correspondence with the vitrinite macerals. The syngenetic and diagenetic origin of the pyrite contributes microporosity to the desorption process, while the pyrite epigenetic by its size reduces it. The petrographic indexes reveal that the Upper Cretaceous coals were developed in swampy or lacustrine continental basins- limnic facies.
Profile of Ocular Trauma Patients presenting to the National Eye Referral Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Ibrahim Oluwafemi Adekunmi , Michael Danait , Misghna Hermela , Ibrahim Amir , Russom Rut
Published: September 2021

Background

Ocular trauma is a significant disabling health problem and a leading cause of visual impairment and loss worldwide. These injuries have many diverse costs including human suffering, long term disabilities, loss of productivity and economic hardship. Therefore, assessing the profile of ocular trauma, the etiology and its outcome is critical to the prevention of ocular injuries
Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on ocular trauma patients presenting to Berhan Ayni National Eye Referral Hospital from August – November, 2018. Data on demography, presenting visual acuity, type of injury and visual outcome were collected using a standardized questionnaire. The types of injuries were classified according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology System. Pearson Chi-Square test (χ2)/or Fisher’s exact test in the Crosstab procedure was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with blindness.
Result

280 patients were seen with ocular trauma in the hospital during the study period. Males were 198 (70.7%) and peak age was 18–40 years. Ocular injury commonly occurred at home (31.8%), street and high way (31.4%) and workplace (28.9%). 24.7% of the injury was work-related. Common causes of injury were blunt objects (37.5%), sharp objects (31.1%) and fall (12.5%). 27.8% had open globe injury (OGI). Blindness was associated with rural residence (p < 0.0001), presentation greater than 24 hours (p = 0.04), non-use of eye protection goggles (p = 0.007), open globe injury (p = 0.018), posterior segment involvement (p < 0.0001) and hospitalization (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion

Immediate and comprehensive medical care is mandatory for ocular trauma patients. Educating the public especially at home and workplace is essential to prevent eye injuries.
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia and spike protein
Authors: De Michele Manuela , Piscopo Paola , Crestini Alessio , Rivabene Roberto , d'Amati Giulia , Leopizzi Martina , Stefanini Lucia , Flego Davide , Pulcinelli Fabio , Chistolini Antonio , Iacobucci Marta , Schiavo Oscar , Berto Irene , Nicolini Ettore , Petraglia Luca , Mascio Maria Teresa Di , Toni Danilo
Published: September 2021

Background.

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare syndrome of unclear aetiology occurring after DNA-based vaccinations against COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA vaccine-encoded Sars-cov-2 soluble spike protein (SP). as a potential trigger of platelet activation in VITT.
Methods.

We studied three VITT patients and seven healthy controls (HCs) within 3 weeks from the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, and one non vaccinated HC. Serum levels of SP and soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2), ACE2 expression in platelets and platelet response to VITT serum stimulation were studied. A thrombus retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy from one VITT patients, was analysed by immunohistochemistry for SP and ACE2. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) markers and coagulation parameters were also measured.
Results.

We detected serum SP (up to 35 days post-vaccination) and sACE2 in all VITT patients, and respectively in two and three out of 7 vaccinated HCs. Only platelets from one non-vaccinated HC expressed ACE2. VITT sera markedly activated platelets and this activation was inhibited by both anti-SP and anti-FcγRIIA blocking antibodies. The thrombus showed positive immunohistochemical labelling of platelets using an anti-SP antibody with reduced ACE2 expression, compared to a thrombus from a pre-pandemic stroke patient. Markers of endothelial dysfunction, NETs and hypercoagulability state were present in all VITT sera.
Conclusions.

The present data provides first evidence that DNA vaccine-encoded Sars-cov-2 SP is detectable in VITT sera (several weeks post-vaccination) and in a platelet-rich thrombus, and that may contribute to the initial platelet stimulation in VITT patients.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Algorithm Based on Overlapping Group Sparse Model-Deep Complex Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: AN FENGPING , Wang Jianrong
Published: September 2021

As the key component of a mechanical system, rolling bearings will cause paralysis of the entire mechanical system once they fail. In recent years, considering the high generalization ability and nonlinear modeling ability of deep learning, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on deep learning has been formed, and good results have been achieved. However, because this kind of method is still in the initial development stage, its main problems are as follows. First, it is difficult to extract the composite fault signal feature of rolling bearing. Second, the existing deep learning rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods cannot well consider the problem of multi-scale information of rolling bearing signals. Therefore, this paper first proposes the overlapping group sparse model. It constructs weight coefficients by analyzing the salient features of the signal. It uses convex optimization techniques to solve the sparse optimization model, and applies the method to the feature extraction of rolling bearing composite faults. For the problem of multi-scale feature information extraction of rolling bearing composite fault signals, this paper proposes a new deep complex convolutional neural network model. This model fully considers the multi-scale information of rolling bearing signals. The complex information in this model not only contains rich representation ability, but also can extract more scale information. Finally, the classifier of this model is used to identify rolling bearing faults. Based on this, this paper proposes a new rolling bearing fault diagnosis algorithm based on overlapping group sparse model-deep complex convolutional neural network. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can not only effectively identify rolling bearing faults under constant operating conditions, but also accurately identify rolling bearing fault signals under changing operating conditions. Additionally, the classification accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is greatly improved compared with traditional machine learning methods. It also has certain advantages over other deep learning methods.
Assessment of the synergic effect of Avastin and VEGF siRNA on inhibition of cell proliferation and angiogenic factor expression of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Deezagi Abdolkhalegh , Ghorbani Bahar
Published: September 2021

Angiogenesis is an important process in tumor growth and metastasis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in this process. Several VEGF inhibitors have been developed as anticancer agents including humanized monoclonal antibodies, and various small molecules. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of combination of VEGF siRNA and Avastin on breast cancer MCF-7 cell line behavior. For this purpose, the cells were treated with different concentrations of Avastin and/or VEGF siRNA and their combination. The cell survival and cell proliferation were assayed by cell counting, trypan blue and MTT tests. The cell migration was assayed by scratching test. VEGF expression was assayed by RT and real-time PCR and ELISA methods. Results indicated the significant increase in cell death following treatment with Avastin (50% cell death at 100 µg/ml). Cell death with VEGF siRNA transfection was lower than Avastin, however, it was significant. This result in VEGF siRNA + Avastin (100 µg/ml) treatment was greater compared to treatment with each of these compounds alone (47%). Scratching results also showed the synergic effect of VEGF siRNA and Avastin (57% decrease). Real-time PCR results showed that Avastin at concentrations of ≥ 50 µg/ml led to 2.5 to 7.5-fold decrease in VEGF expression levels. Also, treatment with VEGF siRNA led to 15.5-fold decrease in VEGF expression. Finally, VEGF expression following VEGF siRNA + Avastin treatment led to a significant 47.5-fold decrease in VEGF expression. It could be concluded that combination of VEGF siRNA and Avastin have a more significant impact on the inhibition of cell growth and migration and it can probably be used as an effective therapeutic approach.
Comprehensive analysis of early pregnancy loss based on cytogenetic findings from a tertiary referral center
Authors: wu Xiaoqing , Su Linjuan , Xie Xiaorui , He Deqin , Chen Xuemei , Wang Meiying , Wang Linshuo , Xu Liangpu , Zheng Lin
Published: September 2021

Background
Pregnancy loss is one of the most common complications during pregnancy. Clinical consultation and comprehensive understanding of the etiology are critical for reducing anxiety, distress, and depression. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis for products of conception (POC) in miscarriage based on genetic etiology and clinical information.
Methods
Retrospective observation was performed on cytogenetic findings of 1252 POC form spontaneous pregnancy loss over an 11-year period. The frequencies and profiles of chromosomal abnormalities were discussed according to the classification of women with different maternal age, previous miscarriage history, normal live birth history, and different mode of conception.
Results
A total of 667 (53.2%) chromosomal abnormalities were observed, including 597 (47.7%) cases of numerical abnormalities, 33 (2.6%) cases of unbalanced structural abnormalities, 32 (2.6%) cases of mosaicism, and 5 (0.4%) cases of balanced rearrangement. In group of women above 40 years of age, the detection rates of chromosomal abnormalities and viable autosomal trisomy were significantly higher than those in groups of ≤ 29, 30 ~ 34, 35 ~ 39 years of age (p < 0.05). The detection rate of abnormal karyotype in women with normal live birth history was 61.1%, significantly higher than 52.5% in women without normal live birth history (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among women without, with 1–2, and ≥ 3 previous miscarriages in the rate of abnormal karyotype (p > 0.05), and viable autosomal trisomy was less common in women with ≥ 3 previous miscarriages. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was 49.0% and 41.0% in women with assisted conception and natural conception (p > 0.05), respectively, and monosomy X was more frequently detected in women with natural conception.
Conclusion
The frequencies and profiles of chromosomal abnormalities in early miscarriages are strongly associated with clinical information including the maternal age, previous miscarriage, live birth history, and mode of conception. Even in women with a first miscarriage, or with a history of normal live births, chromosomal analysis of POC should be recommended for etiological assessment.
Reprogramming of endogenous Müller cells into photoreceptor-like cells induced by small-molecule compounds in mice
Authors: Fujii Yuya , Arima Mitsuru , Murakami Yusuke , Sonoda Koh-Hei
Published: September 2021

Lifelong visual impairment occurs from retinal diseases due to the inability of photoreceptor cells to regenerate in mammals. We demonstrated that endogenous Müller cells (MCs) in mice differentiate into photoreceptor-like cells by intravitreal injection of four small-molecule compounds: tumor growth factor-β inhibitor, bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, and γ-secretase inhibitor. In vitro, the messenger RNA of rhodopsin (Rho) in MCs increased 30-fold, and 25% of cultured MCs expressed Rho protein 7 days after stimulation with these compounds. In vivo, Rho-positive cells were regenerated on day 7 after the intravitreal injection of four compounds, accompanied with recovery of Rho-derived scotopic function. Lineage tracing in mice treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a disease model of photoreceptor degeneration, showed that the regenerated Rho-positive cells were originated from endogenous MCs. Finally, the regeneration of Rho-positive cells was also induced in the retina of rd10 mice, a model with similar genetic mutation as humans. Notably, the intravitreal injection significantly reduced cone cell death in rd10 mice. This treatment could be a new strategy in retinal regenerative medicine where mammalian endogenous MCs are reprogrammed into photoreceptor cells independent of transplantation or gene transfer.
The Flow Cytometry Marker for Early Detection of Irradiation Injury in NOG Mice Bone Marrow: A Short Report
Authors: Kavianpour Maria , Muhammadnejad Samad , Moradzadeh Kobra , Jabbarpour Zahra , Khorsand Amir Arsalan , Aghayan Sajjad , Vasei Mohammad , Verdi Javad
Published: September 2021

Background

Radiation is used for myeloablation in mice's bone marrow (BM) for hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) engraftment experiments. To assess post-radiation damage to the BM, an accessible and convenient marker is needed. This study comparatively evaluated the flow cytometer's effectiveness in detecting the ROS and Annexin V-PI level.
Methods

We divided 30 NOG mice between irradiated (n = 20) and control groups (n = 10) for each time point. After sacrificing BM samples were collected, the percentage of annexin V, PI, and ROS were investigated at two different time points (Day 2 and 14 after exposure).
Results

At the first timepoint, the level of ROS was higher in the irradiated group than in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Also, at the second timepoint, the mean differences of all markers in the irradiated group were significant compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Thus, in this mice strain to assess the BM irradiation-induced injury, measurement of ROS level is helpful.
Superior japonica rice variety YJ144 with improved rice blast resistance, yield, and quality achieved using molecular design and multiple breeding strategies
Authors: Mao Ting , Zhu Mingdong , Ahmad Shakeel , Ye Guoyou , Sheng Zhonghua , Hu Shikai , Jiao Guiai , Xie Lihong , Tang Shaoqing , Wei Xiangjin , Hu Peisong , Shao Gaoneng
Published: September 2021

Yanfeng 47 (YF47) is an elite japonica rice variety cultivated in China on nearly 2 million hectares over the past 20 years. However, YF47 is highly susceptible to rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), one of the most destructive rice diseases. In this study, we developed novel TPAP (tetra-primer ARMS-PCR) functional markers for the genes Pita, Pib and Pid2, all of which afford broad-spectrum resistance to blast. A collection of 91 japonica rice germplasms with similar ecological characteristics to YF47 was screened, and Wuyunjing 27 (WYJ27) with Pita and Pib alleles, and P135 with the Pid2 allele, were identified. Furthermore, the corresponding positive Pita, Pib and Pid2 alleles were transferred into YF47 using single, mutual and backcrosses, together with molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and anther culture technology. These genetic materials, carrying one, two, or three functional alleles, were generated within three years, and compared to YF47 they all showed improved resistance to naturally inoculated rice blast. Further improved lines (IL) 1 to 5 (all containing Pita, Pib and Pid2 alleles) were evaluated for yield performance, and when no fungicide was applied all lines except IL-4 showed increased traits compared with those of YF47. IL-5, renamed Yanjing 144 (YJ144), showed yield increases in the Liaoning province regional variety comparison test and superior appearance quality compared to YF47. Our work provides a molecular design strategy for pyramiding multiple beneficial genes to rapidly improve rice blast resistance, yield, and quality using multiple breeding strategies.
Correlation of Graft Maturity with Knee Function Scores Post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Rongjin , Haozhong Zhu , Xinyi Gu , xianxiang xiang
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the signal/noise quotient value and knee function scores has not been extensively studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the correlation between graft maturity and knee function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included patients (n=50; 28 male patients; age, 31.0 years) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous tendons between August 2016 and August 2018. At 6 months and 2 years postoperatively, the signal/noise quotient values of the tibia and femur, indicating graft maturity, were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were used to evaluate knee function. Mean signal/noise quotient values of the grafts’ femoral and tibial ends were considered the final signal/noise quotient values. The correlation between the signal/noise quotient value at 6 months postoperatively and knee function score at 2 years postoperatively was analyzed. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 24–28 months. The International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm, and Tegner scores of the knee joint at 6 months and 2 years postoperatively were significantly higher than the preoperative scores, and those at 2 years postoperatively were significantly higher than those at 6 months postoperatively. The signal/noise quotient value for all patients at 6 months postoperatively was negatively correlated with the Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Tegner scores at 2 years postoperatively.CONCLUSION: The signal/noise quotient value based on magnetic resonance imaging in the early stage after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can predict knee function in the later stage.
Clinical outcomes of patients lost to follow-up and factors affecting follow-up loss after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Yoon Jung-Ro , Park Phil Sun , Yoon Tae Hyuck , Lee Seung Hoon
Published: September 2021

Background
The hypotheses were as follows: 1) the clinical outcome of patients lost to follow-up after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) will be different compared to patients with follow-up; 2) follow-up rate will be affected by various social economic factors.
Methods
Patients who underwent TKA between March 2019 and February 2020 were retrospectively included. Patients lost to follow-up were defined as patients who did not undergo follow-up 6 months after TKA; all patients were divided into follow-up and follow-up loss groups. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) and Knee Society Score (KSS) were measured before surgery. After surgery, WOMAC, KSS function, and satisfaction were measured via telephone. Age, sex, unilateral or bilateral TKA, distance from hospital, presence of a family, and insurance were investigated.
Results
A total of 137 patients were included in the study. There were 92 (67.2%) patients that followed up 6 months after TKA, on the other hand, 45 patients (32.8%) were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in clinical outcomes (WOMAC, p = 0.932; KSS clinical, p = 0.450) and satisfaction (pain: p = 0.230, function: p = 0.300) between two groups. Age, sex, unilateral or bilateral TKA, distance from hospital, presence of a family, and insurance had no effect on follow-up rates.
Conclusion
The clinical outcomes of patients lost to follow-up after TKA did not show a difference from those who were followed up. Age, sex, unilateral or bilateral TKA, distance from hospital, presence of a family, insurance status, and postoperative clinical symptoms did not affect the follow-up rate.
Optimization of the Image Contrast for the Developing Fetal Brain using 3D Radial VIBE Sequence in 3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liao Yi , Li Xuesheng , Jia Fenglin , Ye Zhijun , Ning Gang , Liu Sai , Li Pei , Fu Chuan , Li Qing , Wang Shaoyu , Zhang Huapeng , Qu Haibo
Published: September 2021

Background: Faster and motion robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are desirable in fetal brain MRI. T1-weighted images are essential for evaluating fetal brain development. We optimized the radial volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence for qualitative T1-weighted images of the fetal brain with improved image contrast and reduced motion sensitivity. Materials and Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved prospective study. Thirty-two pregnant subjects underwent fetal brain scan at 3 Tesla MRI. T1-weighted images were acquired using a 3D radial VIBE sequence with flip angles of 6º, 9º, 12º, and 15º and turbo FLASH (TFL) sequence. Qualitative assessments including image quality and motion artifact severity were evaluated. The image contrast ratio between gray and white matter were measured. Interobserver reliability and intraobserver repeatability were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results: Interobserver reliability and intraobserver repeatability universally revealed almost perfect agreement (ICC > 0.800). Significant differences in image quality were detected in basal ganglia (P < 0.001), central sulcus (P = 0.005), myelination (P < 0.001), lateral fissure (P = 0.008), optic chiasm (P < 0.001), and gray matter (P < 0.001) among radial VIBE with flip angles 6º, 9º, 12º, 15º and TFL groups. Image quality at the 9º flip angle in radial VIBE was generally better than TFL. Radial VIBE sequence with 9º flip angle of gray matter was significantly different by gestational age (GA) before and after 28 weeks (P = 0.036). Quantified image contrast was significantly different among protocols, consistent with qualitative analysis of image quality.Conclusions: Three-dimensional radial VIBE with 9º flip angle provides optimal, stable T1-weighted images of the fetal brain. Fetal brain structure and development can be evaluated using high-quality images obtained using this angle.
The evaluation of eazyplexÒ SuperBug CRE test usefulness for the detection of ESBLs and carbapenemases genes directly from urine samples and positive blood cultures
Authors: Sękowska Alicja , Bogiel Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Background. An increasing antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative rods is an important diagnostic, clinical and epidemiological problem of a modern medicine. Therefore, it is important to detect multi-drug resistant strains as quickly as possible. The aim of this study was to evaluate eazyplex® SuperBug CRE test for beta-lactamases genes detection among Gram-negative rods, directly from urine samples and positive blood cultures. Methods. Eazyplex® SuperBug CRE test is based on isothermal amplification of a genetic material and allows for the detection of a selection genes encoding carbapenemases, i.e. KPC, NDM, VIM, OXA-48, OXA-181 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases from the CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 groups. A total of 120 clinical specimens were included in the study. Results. The test gave valid results for 58 (96.7%) urine samples and 57 (95.0%) positive blood cultures. ESBL and/or carbapenemase enzymes genes were detected in 56 urine and 55 blood samples, respectively. Conclusions. Eazyplex® SuperBug CRE test can be used for a rapid detection of the most important genes encoded for resistance to beta-lactams in Gram-negative rods also without the necessity of bacterial culture.
Urinary Metabolomics Revealed the Biological Characteristics Associated with Early Pregnancy in Pigs
Authors: Zhou Chen , Cai Gengyuan , Meng Fanming , Hu Qun , Liang Guohao , Gu Ting , Zheng Enqin , Li Zicong , Wu Zhenfang , Hong Linjun
Published: September 2021

Background

Accurate early detection of pregnancy status is a prerequisite for effective monitoring of fertility in pig. In the early phase of pregnancy, because the embryo is small and in a free state, it is difficult to determine whether it is pregnant based on B-ultrasound examination. This calls for development of novel tools to accurately diagnose early pregnancy. Metabolomics reveal the metabolic status of cells, tissues and organisms.
Results

In this study, we investigated urinary metabolites in sows during early pregnancy. A total of 32 samples from 8 sows were collected at estrus and each phase of early pregnancy (days 9, 12, and 15 of gestation). Metabolites in urine samples from different sows obtained from gestation and estrus phases were analyzed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 530 metabolites were identified with high confidence in all samples. Compared with samples collected during the estrus phase, 269 differential metabolites were found in samples obtained during early pregnancy.
Conclusions

These metabolites included lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, organoheterocyclic compounds, benzenoids, among others. These metabolites, such as choline and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, play a very important role in pregnancy. They also regulate pregnancy in other animals. Our results provide novel insights into the metabolic changes in the urine of sows in the early pregnancy phase. The level of different metabolites in urine can be used to diagnosis pregnancy in sows. Understanding these metabolic changes is helpful for better management of pregnant sows.
Comparative analysis of neurological recovery and adverse effects in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation treated with methylprednisolone versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: McCartney William , Ober Ciprian Andrei , Benito Maria
Published: September 2021

Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation is a common neurologic disease presented to the small-animal practitioner. The use of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) as an adjunct to surgical decompression in cases of acute spinal cord injury following intervertebral disc extrusion is controversial. A prospective study was undertaken to compare the preoperative use of MPSS and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 40 chondrodystrophic dogs presenting with similar signs and undergoing spinal decompressive surgery. Twenty dogs received MPSS and 20 had NSAIDs administered preoperatively. Dogs were administered with either MPSS intravenously 20 minutes before surgery (30 mg/kg) or NSAID (meloxicam 0.2mg/kg or carprofen 4 mg/kg) subcutaneously 20 minutes before surgery. Dogs were evaluated by neurologic examination of gait 24 hours postoperatively, at time of discharge and then at 8 weeks. The neurological recovery were similar in both groups, but the frequency of side effects such as vomiting (MPSS group: 90% versus NSAIDs group: 55%), and anorexia within the first three days (present in all 20 dogs pretreated with MPSS) was significantly different, with complications being more prevalent in the MPSS group. Side effects were significantly more evident with MPSS treatment group –including vomiting and anorexia during the first 3 days after surgery– than with NSAID treatment group, with a neurological recovery similar in both groups.