bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Seated, Supine, and Walking Interset Rest Strategies on Work Rate
Authors: Ouellette Kristen A. , Brusseau Timothy A. , Davidson Lance E. , Ford Candus N. , Hatfield Disa L. , Shaw Janet M. , Eisenman Patricia A.
Published: February 2015

Ouellette, KA, Brusseau, TA, Davidson, LE, Ford, CN, Hatfield, DL, Shaw, JM, and Eisenman, PA. Comparison of the effects of seated, supine, and walking interset rest strategies on work rate. J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3396–3404, 2016—The idea that an upright posture should be maintained during the interset rest periods of training sessions is pervasive. The primary aim of this study was to determine differences in work rate associated with 3 interset rest strategies. Male and female members of the CrossFit community (male n = 5, female n = 10) were recruited to perform a strenuous training session designed to enhance work capacity that involved both cardiovascular and muscular endurance exercises. The training session was repeated on 3 separate occasions to evaluate 3 interset rest strategies, which included lying supine on the floor, sitting on a flat bench, and walking on a treadmill (0.67 m·s−1). Work rate was calculated for each training session by summing session joules of work and dividing by the time to complete the training session (joules of work per second). Data were also collected during the interset rest periods (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate [RR], and volume of oxygen consumed) and were used to explain why one rest strategy may positively impact work rate compared with another. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the passive and active rest strategies, with the passive strategies allowing for improved work rate (supine = 62.77 ± 7.32, seated = 63.66 ± 8.37, and walking = 60.61 ± 6.42 average joules of work per second). Results also suggest that the passive strategies resulted in superior HR, RR, and oxygen consumption recovery. In conclusion, work rate and physiological recovery were enhanced when supine and seated interset rest strategies were used compared with walking interset rest.
HfZnO/ZnO Heterostructures Fabricated Using Low-Cost Large-Area Compatible Sputtering Processes
Authors: Li Chih-Hung , Chen Jian-Zhang , Cheng I-Chun
Published: February 2015

We investigated the electrical properties of the rf-sputtered HfxZn1-xO/ZnO heterostructures. The thermal annealing on ZnO prior to the HfxZn1-xO deposition greatly influences the properties of the heterostructures. A highly conductive interface formed at the interface between HfxZn1-xO and ZnO thin films as the ZnO annealing temperature exceeded 500°C, leading to the apparent decrease of the electrical resistance. The resistance decreased with an increase of either thickness or Hf content of the HfxZn1-xO capping layer. The Hf0.05Zn0.95O/ZnO heterostructure with a 200-nm-thick 600°C-annealed ZnO exhibits a carrier mobility of 14.3 cm2V-1s-1 and a sheet carrier concentration of 1.93×1013 cm-2; the corresponding values for the bare ZnO thin film are 0.47 cm2V-1s-1 and 2.27×1012 cm-2, respectively. Rf-sputtered HfZnO/ZnO heterostructures can potentially be used to increase the carrier mobility of thin-film transistors in large-area electronics.
Diamond Heteroepitaxial Lateral Overgrowth
Authors: Tang Y-H , Bi B. , Golding B.
Published: February 2015

A method of diamond heteroepitaxial lateral overgrowth is demonstrated which utilizes a photolithographic metal mask to pattern a thin (001) epitaxial diamond surface. Significant structural improvement was found, with a threading dislocation density reduced by two orders of magnitude at the top surface of a thick overgrown diamond layer. In the initial stage of overgrowth, a reduction of diamond Raman linewidth in the overgrown area was also realized. Thermally-induced stress and internal stress were determined by Raman spectroscopy of adhering and delaminated diamond films. The internal stress is found to decrease as sample thickness increases.
Determining Upconversion Parameters and Invertibility of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Thitsa Makhin , Ta Thanh Q.
Published: February 2015

Determining upconversion parameters is of high interest in laser material development. For many materials these parameters cannot be directly measured by experimental methods. These upconversion coefficients appear as unknown parameters in the laser rate equations, which are a system of coupled nonlinear differential equations that are used to model the dynamics of population densities in different energy levels. In this paper we propose the well-established system theoretic tools pertaining to the system inversion to be applied in this case. The unknown parameters can be considered as the inputs and the fluorescence signals can be considered as the outputs of the dynamical system. Therefore the determination of the unknown upconversion rates in the system equations from the output data is a classical system inversion problem. In this paper we demonstrate how to compute the unknown coefficients in the rate equations from the experimental emission data utilizing this method.
Building a Coarse-Grained Model Based on the Mori-Zwanzig Formalism
Authors: Lee Hee Sun , Ahn Surl-Hee , Darve Eric F.
Published: February 2015

We present a novel method to build a coarse-grained (CG) model based on the Mori-Zwanzig (MZ) formalism that reproduces kinetics. Our approach leads to the computation of a generalized Langevin equation (GLE), which includes the memory kernel and the fluctuation that are consistent with brute force molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our CG model based on the MZ formalism successfully reproduces kinetics, i.e. the distribution of first passage times (FPT) and velocity autocorrelation functions (VACF), for alanine dipeptide. In addition, we show that the memory part of the CG model of GLE is essential to reproduce kinetics. In other words, the Markovian model fails to reproduce brute force MD results, whereas the GLE model succeeds.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VISCOELASTIC MATERIALS
Authors: Panchenko S. P.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. The main goal of this paper is to develop the numerical model of viscoelastic material using finite element method (FEM). The model was applied to asphalt-aggregate mixtures. Additionally the obtained numerical results with use of different FEM software were compared with experimental data. Methodology. In order to perform the investigation, the numerical specimen was built within FEM software. Material of the specimen was assumed to be viscoelastic. Viscoelastic materials are characterized by a combination of elastic behavior, which stores energy during deformation, and viscous behavior, which dissipates energy during deformation. It was assumed that the behavior of the material corresponds to generalized Maxwell model. The model consists of a spring element in parallel with a number of spring and dashpot Maxwell elements. Generalized Maxwell model consisting of 5 elements was offered at . Mechanical properties of the material correspond to the properties of real asphaltic material. Findings. As the result of calculations the stress and strain state of the asphalt specimen were obtained. To compare mechanical characteristics of the model with experimental data the dynamic elastic modulus and phase angle values were calculated. Originality. Viscoelastic material model based on generalized Maxwell scheme was developed using ANSYS software. In order to compare the numerical model of the material with real asphalt-aggregate mix data, the values of dynamic modulus and phase angle were selected. Analyzing the results of calculations one can see good correspondence of numerical material model to experimental data. Moreover, the numerical data obtained with ANSYS and LS-DYNA software were compared. Practical value. It should be emphasized that FEM gives the possibility of determining stresses and strains for asphalt pavement non-elastic models what is of great importance using mechanistic design procedures.
COMPLEX MODIFICATION OF SECONDARY SILUMINS
Authors: Mityayev A. A. , Volchok I. P. , Frolov R. A. , Loza K. N. , Hnatenko O. V. , Lukinov V. V.
Published: February 2015

Purpose. Development of scientific and technological bases of formation of the specified secondary hypoeutectic (АK8M3) and eutectic (АК12М2MgН) silumins' structure; and increasing their mechanical and service properties' indices in the cast state and after heat treatment up to the level of primary alloys. Methodology. Determination of the chemical composition was conducted by spectral analysis on the spark spectrometer «SPECTROLAB» (Germany). Metallographic analysis was performed on the microscopes МIМ-7 and МIМ-8, and also by the high definition metallography method using the raster electronic microscope «JSMT-300» (Japan). Heat treatment of aluminum alloys was carried out applying T1 and T5 modes according to State Standard of Ukraine 2839-94 (GOST 1583-93). Standard techniques were used during the determination of mechanical properties. The temperature coefficient of linear expansion for the piston alloy АK12М2МgH (AL25) was determined using the specimens Ø with the diameter of 3.5 mm and length of 50 mm with the use of Shevenard optical quartz dilatometer. High temperature fracture resistance was determined according to State Standard 10145-81 as the time before fracture of the specimen at specified stress of 50 MPa and temperature of 300°С. Findings. The technology of obtaining alloys from charge, which consists of 100 % scrap and production wastes has been developed and implemented into production. This technology provides obtaining of metal of the guaranteed chemical composition and high quality with the reduction of energy costs for melting. Originality. The regularities of the formation of the structural and phase state and the level of physical and mechanical properties of eutectic and secondary hypoeutectic silumins depending on the refining and modifying processes have been established. The generalization of regularities of the secondary silumins' fracture has been carried out. Quantitative characteristics of the intermetallic phases' role in the fracture mechanisms and aluminum alloys' mechanical properties level formation have been obtained. Practical value. Structure formation processes of secondary aluminium alloys depending on their production technology have been studied. Highly efficient refining and modifying complexes for treatment of secondary hypoeutectic and eutectic aluminum alloys have been developed and the optimal quantity of modifiers depending on the charge quality has been determined.
Sleep deprivation, pain and prematurity: a review study
Authors: Bonan Kelly Cristina Santos de Carvalho , Pimentel Filho João da Costa , Tristão Rosana Maria , Jesus José Alfredo Lacerda de , Campos Junior Dioclécio
Published: February 2015

The aim was to describe current reports in the scientific literature on sleep in the intensive care environment and sleep deprivation associated with painful experiences in premature infant. A systematic search was conducted for studies on sleep, pain, premature birth and care of the newborn. Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, VHL and SciELO databases were consulted. The association between sleep deprivation and pain generates effects that are observed in the brain and the behavioral and physiological activity of preterm infants. Polysomnography in intensive care units and pain management in neonates allow comparison with the first year of life and term infants. We have found few references and evidence that neonatal care programs can influence sleep development and reduce the negative impact of the environment. This evidence is discussed from the perspective of how hospital intervention can improve the development of premature infants.
A Case-Control study of the prevalence of neurological diseases in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Authors: Gondim Francisco de Assis Aquino , Oliveira Gisele Ramos de , Teles Benedito Cadorno V. , Souza Marcellus H.L.P. , Braga Lucia L.B.C. , Messias Erick L.
Published: February 2015

Neurological diseases are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but their exact prevalence is unknown. Method We prospectively evaluated the presence of neurological disorders in 121 patients with IBD [51 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 70 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 50 controls (gastritis and dyspepsia) over 3 years. Results Our standard neurological evaluation (that included electrodiagnostic testing) revealed that CD patients were 7.4 times more likely to develop large-fiber neuropathy than controls (p = 0.045), 7.1 times more likely to develop any type of neuromuscular condition (p = 0.001) and 5.1 times more likely to develop autonomic complaints (p = 0.027). UC patients were 5 times more likely to develop large-fiber neuropathy (p = 0.027) and 3.1 times more likely to develop any type of neuromuscular condition (p = 0.015). Conclusion In summary, this is the first study to prospectively establish that both CD and UC patients are more prone to neuromuscular diseases than patients with gastritis and dyspepsia.
The introduction of navigation in liver surgery in Brazil
Authors: Correia Mauro Monteiro , Jesus José Paulo de , Feitosa Raul , Oliveira Dário Augusto
Published: February 2015

The authors thoroughly report the development, the technical aspects and the performance of the first navigated liver resections, by laparotomy and laparoscopy, in Brazil, done at the National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, using a surgical navigator.
PESQUISA DE SALMONELLA EM MUTUNS (Mitu mitu) MANTIDOS EM CATIVEIRO
Authors: Vaz Andréia Nakashima , Armando Alexandre Paulo , Ribeiro Andréa Rentz , Zancan Fábio Tavares , Brisola Marcelo Landim
Published: February 2015

Foram colhidas 50 amostras de fezes de mutuns do Criadouro Científico e Cultural Poços de Caldas. A amostras foram enriquecidas em meio caldo Tetrationato e Selenito-Cistina e plaqueadas em Salmonella Shigella (SS), Mac Conkey (MC), Endo-C (EC), Verde Brilhante (VB) e Eosina Azul de Metileno (EMB), a 37º C por 24h. Colônias suspeitas de Salmonella spp foram inoculadas em tubos contendo Ágar Tríplice Açúcar Ferro (TSI) e incubadas a 37 ºC por 24 h. Os tubos com crescimento característico foram submetidas ao teste de aglutinação em lâmina com soros polivalentes somático e flagelar. Os meios SS, MC e VB foram os mais eficientes para o cultivo, sendo 6% das amostras, positivas para Salmonella spp. Sabendo-se que as aves são reservatórios importantes de spp e que esta pode representar um alto risco para a saúde humana, há a necessidade de implantação de uma rotina de limpeza dos recintos para evitar contaminação entre os recintos e o consequente carreamento destes micro-organismos, pelos tratadores, até suas residências ou outros recintos. A presença da Salmonella spp em criadouros pode ser responsável pela menor eclodibilidade dos ovos, prejudicando o objetivo da entidade, que visa o estudo e a manutenção das diferentes espécies de aves silvestres.
CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROTEÍNAS TOTAIS, GLICOSE, CÁLCIO, FÓSFORO, LACTATO, UREIA E CREATININA EM EQUINOS DE CAVALARIA MILITAR ANTES E APÓS TRABALHO DE PATRULHAMENTO URBANO
Authors: Moreira Deliene Oliveira , Leme Fabíola de Oliveira Paes , Marques Marcela Martins , Leão Natália Franco , Viana Walmir Santos , Faleiros Rafael Resende , Alves Geraldo Eleno Silveira
Published: February 2015

Utilizaram-se 28 equinos divididos em dois grupos: GI constituído por 12 animais utilizados no turno de 7:30 às 12:30 e GII constituído de 16 animais utilizados no turno das 13:00 às 21:00. O objetivo foi evidenciar alterações de variáveis bioquímicas sanguíneas em equinos de policiamento urbano, antes e após o trabalho. Os animais de ambos os grupos eram alimentados 2h antes do início do trabalho. Coletaram-se duas amostras de sangue da jugular de cada animal, antes (basal) e logo após o trabalho. Após o trabalho, a glicemia e a fosfatemia apresentaram diferenças, sendo que a glicemia aumentou em GII e a fosfatemia aumentou em GI e GII. O aumento da fosfatemia pode ser devido à redução da filtração glomerular e consequente ausência de micção durante o trabalho de patrulhamento. O jejum normalmente estimula a gliconeogênese a fim de suprir a demanda energética, o que pode ter aumentado a glicemia nos animais do GII após o trabalho, pois estes trabalharam 3h a mais que os animais do GI, além de iniciarem suas atividades com valores basais menores de glicemia. Pelos resultados desse trabalho, concluiu-se que a atividade de policiamento urbano resultou em aumento nas concentrações sanguíneas de fosfato e glicose.
APRENDIZAGEM DA EXTENSÃO DA PROBÓSCIDE EM ZANGÕES AFRICANIZADOS (Apis mellifera L.) CONFINADOS
Authors: Aquino Italo de Souza , Silva Maurizete Cruz , Barbosa Alex da Silva , Abramson Charles Ira
Published: February 2015

Estudos sobre a aprendizagem olfativa em abelhas (Apis mellifera L.) são predominantes nas operárias. Neste estudo, utilizou-se o condicionamento clássico da extensão da probóscide (PER) para avaliar o efeito de 5 odores como estímulos condicionantes (EC). Foram utilizados dez grupos de 20 zangões (A. mellifera L.) cada. Os estímulos condicionantes foram Citral, Hexanal, Geraniol, cera de abelha em favo e cera de abelha alveolada. Além da aquisição de aprendizagem, mediu-se a persistência do condicionamento quando o estímulo incondicional (EI) não foi mais oferecido (i.e. extinção). O intervalo entre testes, o tempo de apresentação de EC e EI foram10 minutos, 2 segundos e 3 segundos, respectivamente. Os zangões foram capazes de demonstrar condicionamento e armazenamento de informação. Citral, Hexanal e cera de abelha foram os estímulos mais eficientes no condicionamento clássico (CC) com zangões.
Atuação do psicólogo em situações de desastre: reflexões a partir da práxis
Authors: Weintraub Ana Cecília Andrade de Moraes , Noal Débora da Silva , Vicente Letícia Nolasco , Knobloch Felícia
Published: February 2015

A partir de uma série de experiências de trabalho em situações de desastre, notadamente na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no início de 2011, este artigo pretende contribuir com a reflexão a respeito da atuação do psicólogo em um contexto de desastres. Inicia-se por uma breve retomada histórico-institucional da questão no Brasil, para, então, apresentar algumas reflexões conceituais e práticas da saúde mental a esse respeito; e, por fim, discutir princípios e diretrizes de intervenção em situações de desastre, tendo como pano de fundo o cenário fluminense de janeiro de 2011. Pretende-se, com isso, argumentar que a intervenção do psicólogo num contexto de desastres deve ser articulada com outras instâncias, contextualizada e descolada da noção de traumatismo como principal operador da clínica.
Como o enfermeiro utiliza o tempo de trabalho numa unidade de internação
Authors: Lunardi Valéria Lerch , Lunardi Filho Wilson Danilo , Borba Marta Riegert
Published: February 2015

Os autores realizaram uma pesquisa com a colaboração de um grupo de enfermeiros de uma Unidade de Internação de um hospital de ensino. Após a elaboração do rol de atividades passíveis de serem realizadas pelos enfermeiros em sua jornada de trabalho, foi elaborado um instrumento para computar o tempo de trabalho destinado às diversas atividades. O estudo apresenta dados que corroboram a percepção da existência de contradições entre o ensino formal x prática profissional, e procura, por meio da revisão da literatura e de reflexões acerca dos resultados, apontar alternativas de soluções para os problemas detectados.
O surgimento de hospitais psiquiátricos no Ceará e as políticas de saúde no Brasil
Authors: Fraga Maria Nazaré de Oliveira , Silva Natália Braga
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho enfoca a correlação entre a cronologia de criação dos hospitais psiquiátricos do Ceará com as políticas de saúde no Brasil. A metodologia compôs-se pela realização de visitas ou envio de correspondência às instituições, consultas aos maiores jornais em circulação no Ceará e de estudo bibliográfico sobre as políticas de saúde e saúde mental. O surgimento dos hospitais psiquiátricos foi analisado partindo da delimitação prévia de quatro fases de desenvolvimento da assistência psiquiátrica no País, de acordo com as transformações ocorridas, desde o descobrimento até os nossos dias. A análise evidenciou que o surgimento dos referidos hospitais guarda relação com aquelas fases e que as políticas de saúde vigentes em cada época tiveram forte determinação no ritmo de criação dos mesmos.
Follow-up como modalidade da assistência de enfermagem ao hipertenso
Authors: Braga Fátima Lúcia Machado , Covello Cristiane Maria
Published: February 2015

O presente trabalho analisa o papel da enfermeira na equipe multidisciplinar da Clínica de Hipertensão Arterial do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e sua atuação junto a clientes hipertensos controlados apenas com o follow-up da enfermagem, através da consulta específica. As autoras descrevem a metodologia e os resultados obtidos na consulta de enfermagem, ressaltando a característica de autonomia profissional nos procedimentos terapêuticos estabelecidos no protocolo da Clínica. Além disso, são analisadas as variações das cifras tensionais dos hipertensos controlados, a necessidade de encaminhamento ao médico e/ou a outros profissionais da equipe, o cumprimento da terapêutica farmacológica e/ou não farmacológica, o comportamento dos fatores de risco modificáveis identificados na primeira consulta ou nas consultas subseqüentes e a adesão ao follow-up de enfermagem.
Experiência com um programa de educação para pacientes diabéticos com baixo nível sócio-econômico
Authors: Pozzan Roselee , Cunha Edna Ferreira , Portela Emilson Souza , Barbosa Kátia Cristina Magalhães , Magalhães Ana Lúcia , Cunha Maria Stella Rodrigues da , Souza Cândida Miriam Vasconcelos , Pereira Clenir Bastos Marra , Gomes Marília de Brito
Published: February 2015

Desenvolveu-se um programa multiprofissional para pacientes diabéticos com o objetivo de conscientizá-los sobre o significado de sua doença e a importância de auto controle. No período de estudo de 16 meses, participaram do programa 26 diabéticos insulino dependentes (IDDM) com média de idade de 17,4 + 7,0 anos e média de duração da doença de 39,4 + 44,8 meses. O grupo controle foi composto por 24 IDDM atendidos regularmente no ambulatório de diabetes no mesmo período, porém que não participaram das atividades educativas. Ao final do período analisado observou-se, que os itens mais facilmente aprendidos foram pesquisa de glicosúria, reconhecimento e conduta em casos de hipoglicemia e reaproveitamento de seringas. A comparação do grupo estudado antes e após a implementação do programa educativo, bem como a comparação do grupo estudado com o grupo controle não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos parâmentros clínicos e metabólicos analisados, sendo entretanto relevante a não ocorrência de casos de cetoacidose no grupo estudado. Concluímos que o programa educativo foi importante para facilitar o acesso dos pacientes às informações necessárias ao seu tratamento, o que talvez a longo prazo venha a se refletir num melhor controle metabólico da doença.
HIV testing and clinical status upon admission to a specialized health care unit in Pará, Brazil
Authors: Abati Paulo Afonso Martins , Segurado Aluisio Cotrim
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV-infected individuals upon admission to a reference health care center.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1999 and 2010 on 527 individuals with confirmed serological diagnosis of HIV infection who were enrolled in an outpatient health care service in Santarém, PA, Northern Brazil. Data were collected from medical records and included the reason for HIV testing, clinical status, and count of peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes upon enrollment. The data were divided into three groups, according to the patient’s year of admission – P1 (1999-2002), P2 (2003-2006), and P3 (2007-2010) – for comparative analysis of the variables of interest.RESULTS In the study group, 62.0% of the patients were assigned to the P3 group. The reason for undergoing HIV testing differed between genders. In the male population, most tests were conducted because of the presence of symptoms suggesting infection. Among women, tests were the result of knowledge of the partner’s seropositive status in groups P1 and P2. Higher proportion of women undergoing testing because of symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection abolished the difference between genders in the most recent period. A higher percentage of patients enrolling at a more advanced stage of the disease was observed in P3.CONCLUSIONS Despite the increased awareness of the number of HIV/AIDS cases, these patients have identified their serological status late and were admitted to health care units with active disease. The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Pará presents specificities in its progression that indicate the complex characteristics of the epidemic in the Northern region of Brazil and across the country.
Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus: cost-effectiveness analysis for renal transplantation in Brazil
Authors: Guerra Júnior Augusto Afonso , Silva Grazielle Dias , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Cherchiglia Mariângela Leal , Costa Juliana de Oliveira , Almeida Alessandra Maciel , Acurcio Francisco de Assis
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cost-effectiveness of treatment regimens with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, five years after renal transplantation.METHODS This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on historical cohort data obtained between 2000 and 2004 and involved 2,022 patients treated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, matched 1:1 for gender, age, and type and year of transplantation. Graft survival and the direct costs of medical care obtained from the National Health System (SUS) databases were used as outcome results.RESULTS Most of the patients were women, with a mean age of 36.6 years. The most frequent diagnosis of chronic renal failure was glomerulonephritis/nephritis (27.7%). In five years, the tacrolimus group had an average life expectancy gain of 3.96 years at an annual cost of R$78,360.57 compared with the cyclosporine group with a gain of 4.05 years and an annual cost of R$61,350.44.CONCLUSIONS After matching, the study indicated better survival of patients treated with regimens using tacrolimus. However, regimens containing cyclosporine were more cost-effective.
CASHEW NUT MEAL IN THE FEEDING OF BROWN LAYING HENS
Authors: Cruz Carlos Eduardo Braga , Freitas Ednardo Rodrigues , Xavier Regina Patrícia de Souza , Fernandes Danilo Rodrigues , Nascimento Germano Augusto Gerônimo , Watanabe Pedro Henrique
Published: February 2015

The use of alternative foods to replace conventional foods is becoming a source of research for many researchers. The cashew nut meal (CNM) has high energy and protein value, may be a partial substitute for corn and soybean meal for poultry feed. In this context, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of CNM on the utilization of nutrients in the ration for laying hens, as well as the performance and characteristics of the eggs. The study used 180 Dekalb Brown laying hens 27 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a control diet without CNM and others with the inclusion of this food at levels of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Upon regression analysis, a linear increase in nitrogen metabolism, crude energy and apparently metabolizable energy was seen. The dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy corrected for rations were not affected by the inclusion of the CNM. Feed intake and egg weight were not affected by the inclusion of the CNM; however, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, and yolk color worsened linearly with inclusion of CNM. Compared to control diet, the inclusion of CNM worsened the egg mass and feed conversion from 15%, and yolk color from 20%. As a result, it is recommended the inclusion of the CNM in the diet of laying hens at a maximum level of 10%.
Effects of strain reversal on elastic and viscoelastic properties of early age cement paste beams
Authors: Galitz Christopher , Grasley Zachary
Published: February 2015

Characterization of the early age properties of concrete is an ongoing area of research particularly important in understanding longer-term behavior of pre-stressed and conventional concrete members subjected to varying load histories, including strain reversals, such as may occur during placement of a concrete deck atop pre-stressed girders. Models currently in widespread use specifically exclude cases where strain reversals are present. Research presented in this paper was undertaken to refine the understanding of the viscoelastic behavior of cement paste at an early age when subject to strain reversals. A series of small-scale beams were tested in 3-point loading with the center point displaced at irregular time intervals. At some time intervals, beams were displaced negatively, inducing a strain reversal. Results indicate significant load loss in the first few days followed by steady relaxation throughout the length of testing. Results further indicate that load relaxation after reversal is significantly slower than that with same-direction increases in load. Finally, measurements of Young’s modulus of elasticity throughout the testing program indicate that sustained loading leads to an apparent increase in beam stiffness compared to unloaded beams of the same age. The explanation and significance of these phenomena are explored.
Serviceability of stress ribbon bridges with external tendons
Authors: Fukada Saiji , Yoshikawa Taku , Tsunomoto Meguru
Published: February 2015

A prestressed concrete stress ribbon footbridge is a type of suspension bridge without towers. A conventional stress ribbon footbridge has two types of tendons in the concrete deck: the internal prestressing tendons (secondary tendons) and suspension tendons (primary tendons), which carry the dead load. This study targeted two footbridges with common structures that efficiently arrange the external tendons to reduce the construction cost and match the surrounding landscape. The Morino-Wakuwaku Bridge has the suspension tendons (primary tendons) in the concrete deck, and the prestressing tendons (secondary tendons) are placed outside of the deck as the external tendons. The Ohmaki-Dondo Bridge has external tendons (primary and secondary tendons) and bearings. These bridges differ in their structural and vibrational characteristics. Static loading tests using a vehicle, vibration tests using humans and finite-element method simulations were carried out to understand the characteristics of each bridge. This paper describes the structural and vibrational characteristics of prestressed concrete stress ribbon footbridges with external tendons and estimates their vibration serviceability performance for pedestrians based on the analysis and test results.
Olhares de docentes de mestrados da UEFS sobre a articulação ensino-pesquisa-extensão
Authors: Almeida Murilo Oliveira , Cruz Antonio Roberto Seixas da
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral compreender os olhares de docentes de mestrados da UEFS sobre a articulação entre o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão. O quadro teórico do estudo amparou-se em princípios da Teoria das Representações Sociais – TRS (MOSCOVICI, 1987 e JODELET, 2001) e nos conceitos a seguir: funções da universidade (CUNHA, 2007; PÉREZ GÓMEZ, 2001; ZABALZA, 2004) e qualidade do ensino superior (DOURADO & OLIVEIRA, 2009; TUBINO, 1997; DEMO, 1995), dentre outros autores. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, optamos por uma pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa, cinco docentes dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em História, Cultura e Poder; Desenho, Cultura e Interatividade e Filosofia e História das Ciências que, voluntariamente, aceitaram participar da investigação. Os dados foram coletados e produzidos através de entrevista semi-estruturada (MARCONI;  LAKATOS, 1999; SZIMANSKY, 2004) e tratados com base na técnica da análise de conteúdo de tipo temática, conforme (BARDIN, 1977). Os resultados apontam para o entendimento de que o preparo do docente que atuará na universidade atual, em tempos de complexidade, precisa levar em consideração a importância da indissociabilidade do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão na prática docente para que os professores, os gestores e a sociedade como um todo possa entender que a universidade nada mais é do que uma instituição criada para ajudar a formar cidadãos conscientes do seu papel social e que tem na pesquisa e na extensão alguns de seus pilares fundamentais.
Effectiveness of Residential Wood-Burning Regulation on Decreasing Particulate Matter Levels and Hospitalizations in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin
Authors: Yap Poh-Sin , Garcia Cynthia
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined the impact of Rule 4901, aimed at reducing residential wood burning, on particulate matter levels and hospitalizations in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB).

Methods. Using general linear mixed models and generalized estimating equation models, we compared levels of particulate matter and of hospital admissions (age groups = 45–64 and ≥ 65 years) in the SJVAB for cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the burn seasons before (2000–2003) and after (2003–2006) implementation.

Results. After implementation, we observed reductions of 12%, 11%, and 15% in particulate matter  2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller (PM2.5), and 8%, 7%, and 11% in coarse particles, in the entire SJVAB and in rural and urban regions of the air basin, respectively. Among those aged 65 years and older, Rule 4901 was estimated to prevent 7%, 8%, and 5% of CVD cases, and 16%, 17%, and 13% of IHD cases, in the entire SJVAB and in rural and urban regions, respectively.

Conclusions. The study suggests that Rule 4901 is effective at reducing wintertime ambient PM2.5 levels and decreasing hospital admissions for heart disease among people aged 65 years and older.
Disentangling the Relative Influence of Schools and Neighborhoods on Adolescents’ Risk for Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Milliren Carly E. , Evans Clare R. , Subramanian S. V. , Richmond Tracy K.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. Although schools and neighborhoods influence health, little is known about their relative importance, or the influence of one context after the influence of the other has been taken into account. We simultaneously examined the influence of each setting on depression among adolescents.

Methods. Analyzing data from wave 1 (1994–1995) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we used cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine between-level variation and individual-, school-, and neighborhood-level predictors of adolescent depressive symptoms. Also, we compared the results of our cross-classified multilevel models (CCMMs) with those of a multilevel model wherein either school or neighborhood was excluded.

Results. In CCMMs, the school-level random effect was significant and more than 3 times the neighborhood-level random effect, even after individual-level characteristics had been taken into account. Individual-level indicators (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status) were associated with depressive symptoms, but there was no association with either school- or neighborhood-level fixed effects. The between-level variance in depressive symptoms was driven largely by schools as opposed to neighborhoods.

Conclusions. Schools appear to be more salient than neighborhoods in explaining variation in depressive symptoms. Future work incorporating cross-classified multilevel modeling is needed to understand the relative effects of schools and neighborhoods.
Population-Wide Folic Acid Fortification and Preterm Birth: Testing the Folate Depletion Hypothesis
Authors: Naimi Ashley I. , Auger Nathalie
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We assess whether population-wide folic acid fortification policies were followed by a reduction of preterm and early-term birth rates in Québec among women with short and optimal interpregnancy intervals.

Methods. We extracted birth certificate data for 1.3 million births between 1981 and 2010 to compute age-adjusted preterm and early-term birth rates stratified by short and optimal interpregnancy intervals. We used Joinpoint regression to detect changes in the preterm and early term birth rates and assess whether these changes coincide with the implementation of population-wide folic acid fortification.

Results. A change in the preterm birth rate occurred in 2000 among women with short (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1994, 2005) and optimal (95% CI = 1995, 2008) interpregnancy intervals. Changes in early term birth rates did not coincide with the implementation of folic acid fortification.

Conclusions. Our results do not indicate a link between folic acid fortification and early term birth but suggest an improvement in preterm birth rates after implementation of a nationwide folic acid fortification program.
Reproductive Justice and the Pace of Change: Socioeconomic Trends in US Infant Death Rates by Legal Status of Abortion, 1960–1980
Authors: Krieger Nancy , Gruskin Sofia , Singh Nakul , Kiang Mathew V. , Chen Jarvis T. , Waterman Pamela D. , Gottlieb Jillian , Beckfield Jason , Coull Brent A.
Published: February 2015

US infant death rates for 1960 to 1980 declined most quickly in (1) 1970 to 1973 in states that legalized abortion in 1970, especially for infants in the lowest 3 income quintiles (annual percentage change = −11.6; 95% confidence interval = −18.7, −3.8), and (2) the mid-to-late 1960s, also in low-income quintiles, for both Black and White infants, albeit unrelated to abortion laws. These results imply that research is warranted on whether currently rising restrictions on abortions may be affecting infant mortality.
Accountable Care for the Poor and Underserved: Minnesota’s Hennepin Health Model
Authors: Blewett Lynn A. , Owen Ross A.
Published: February 2015

Hennepin Health provides integrated medical and social services to low-income Medicaid patients in a large county located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Data sharing is critical to program operations along with care coordination provided by community health workers. Early evidence indicates fewer emergency department visits and increased use of outpatient primary care. By focusing on prevention, coordination, and team-based care, the county hopes to improve individuals’ quality of life while reducing costs through better care management and reductions in emergency department use.
Use of Life Course Work–Family Profiles to Predict Mortality Risk Among US Women
Authors: Sabbath Erika L. , Guevara Ivan Mejía , Glymour M. Maria , Berkman Lisa F.
Published: February 2015

Objectives. We examined relationships between US women’s exposure to midlife work–family demands and subsequent mortality risk.

Methods. We used data from women born 1935 to 1956 in the Health and Retirement Study to calculate employment, marital, and parenthood statuses for each age between 16 and 50 years. We used sequence analysis to identify 7 prototypical work–family trajectories. We calculated age-standardized mortality rates and hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality associated with work–family sequences, with adjustment for covariates and potentially explanatory later-life factors.

Results. Married women staying home with children briefly before reentering the workforce had the lowest mortality rates. In comparison, after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and education, HRs for mortality were 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58, 2.90) among single nonworking mothers, 1.48 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.98) among single working mothers, and 1.36 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.80) among married nonworking mothers. Adjustment for later-life behavioral and economic factors partially attenuated risks.

Conclusions. Sequence analysis is a promising exposure assessment tool for life course research. This method permitted identification of certain lifetime work–family profiles associated with mortality risk before age 75 years.
Integrating Fundamental Concepts of Obesity and Eating Disorders: Implications for the Obesity Epidemic
Authors: Macpherson-Sánchez Ann E.
Published: February 2015

Physiological mechanisms promote weight gain after famine. Because eating disorders, obesity, and dieting limit food intake, they are famine-like experiences. The development of the concept of meeting an ideal weight was the beginning of increasing obesity. Weight stigma, the perception of being fat, lack of understanding of normal growth and development, and increased concern about obesity on the part of health providers, parents, and caregivers have reinforced each other to promote dieting. Because weight suppression and disinhibition provoke long-term weight increase, dieting is a major factor producing the obesity epidemic. The integrated eating disorder–obesity theory included in this article emphasizes that, contrary to dieters, lifetime weight maintainers depend on physiological processes to control weight and experience minimal weight change.
Physical Activity in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis Receiving Intravenous Antibiotics in Hospital and in the Community§
Authors: Khiroya Heena , Pound Rebecca , Qureshi Ushna , Brown Catherine , Barrett Joanne , Rashid Rifat , Whitehouse Joanna L. , Turner Alice M. , Nash Edward F.
Published: February 2015

Introduction :

Intravenous antibiotic therapy (IVAT) for CF acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE) can be delivered in hospital or in the community. This study aimed to compare physical activity in CF patients receiving hospital and community-delivered IVAT, as well as other health outcomes.

Materials and Methods :

This was a non-randomised parallel group prospective observational study. Hospitalised and community-treated CF adults receiving IVAT for APE were asked to wear ActiGraph® activity monitors, complete the habitual activity estimation scale (HAES), food diary, modified shuttle test (MST) and CFQ-R at the start and end of therapy. Nutritional and clinical outcomes were also compared between the cohorts. The primary outcomes was physical activity measured by the ActiGraph® activity monitors at the beginning and end of treatment in both cohorts.

Results :

Physical activity (measured and self-reported) was no different between the cohorts, with both hospitalised and community-treated subjects being generally sedentary. Body weight increased significantly in the hospitalised cohort, whereas no difference was seen in the community-treated cohort. FEV1 % predicted and FVC % predicted increased in community-treated subjects, whereas only FVC % predicted increased in hospitalised subjects. CFQ-R respiratory domain increased to a greater extent in community-treated subjects.

Conclusion :

CF adults receiving IVAT for APE, both in hospital and in the community, are generally sedentary and we found no difference in physical activity between the two groups. These findings suggests the need to further promote physical activity in suitable patients during APE where considered appropriate.
Depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Pavic Sladjana , Svirtlih Neda , Delic Dragan , Radovanovic-Spurnic Aleksandra
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Pronounced symptoms of depression and disorders of cognitive
functions can be observed in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Objective.
The objective of the study was evaluation of the severity of symptoms and
predictive factors for depression and the existence of cognitive disorders in
patients with chronic hepatitis B. Methods. A total of 150 respondents were
included in this prospective study (50 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 50
patients with other chronic liver diseases and 50 healthy persons). The
patients with chronic hepatitis B were homogeneous by age compared to healthy
subjects (p=0.566) and patients with other chronic liver diseases (p=0.528).
Assessment of intensity of depression was determined by the Hamilton
Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test
was used to investigate the presence of cognitive disorders. Results.
Significantly expressed depression was observed in patients with chronic
hepatitis B compared with healthy persons as well as the occurrence of
cognitive dysfunction (p=0.00), while in comparison with the patients with
chronic nonviral liver diseases, depression was statistically significantly
less markedly expressed (p=0.003). Depression and cognitive dysfunction were
more noticeable in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the stage of liver
cirrhosis in relation to the early stage of the disease. Multivariate
analysis of variables related to the sociodemographic characteristics showed
that the most significant positive predictor of depression was more expressed
in older age (over 50 years) (B=0.276; SE=0.092; p=0.004). Conclusion.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B have a higher intensity of depression
compared to healthy people, which is intensified with the progression of the
disease. The highest expression of depression is expected in the elderly.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B have a lower intensity of depression and
fewer disorders of cognitive functions than patients with other chronic liver
diseases.
The role of cardiac pacing therapy in the management of carotid sinus syndrome
Authors: Radovanovic Nikola , Kircanski Bratislav , Pavlovic Sinisa , Raspopovic Srdjan , Jovanovic Velibor , Milasinovic Goran
Published: February 2015

Introduction. Carotid sinus syndrome is characterized by a hypersensitive
carotid sinus and syncope. Although we have clear guidelines for the
diagnosis and treatment of carotid sinus syndrome, the efficacy of pacing
therapy with this indication has not been the subject of many studies.
Objective. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of pacing
therapy in the treatment of patients with carotid sinus syndrome and to
determine the factors contributing to symptoms recurrence after pacemaker
implantation. Methods. This study was retrospective and included 32 patients
in whom a pacemaker was implanted due to carotid sinus syndrome at the
Pacemaker Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, between April 2005 and April
2012. Carotid sinus massage and head-up tilt test (HUTT) were performed to
select patients with cardioinhibitory and mixed type carotid sinus syndrome,
who were enrolled to the study. Results. The mean age of patients was
65.6?11.5 years and 20 (62.5%) were men. The mean follow-up period was
4.3?1.9 years. HUTT was performed in 3 (9.4%) patients. Twenty-seven (84.4%)
patients presented with cardioinhibitory and 5 (15.6%) with mixed type of
carotid sinus syndrome. After pacemaker implantation, 22 (68.7%) patients had
no further symptoms, 8 (25.0%) had syncope and 2 (6.3%) presyncope. The mixed
type of the disease (HR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-5.1; p=0.021) and implantation of
pacemaker in VVI mode (HR 1.8; 95%CI 1.1-3.2; p=0.034) were independent
predictors of symptoms recurrence. There were 3 (9.4%) perioperative surgical
complications. Conclusion. Pacemaker therapy is an effective and safe
treatment for patients with carotid sinus syndrome. As predictors of symptoms
persistence after pacemaker implantation in our population, we identified the
implantation of pacemaker in VVI mode and the mixed type of carotid sinus
syndrome.