bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells for adjunctive treatment of presumptive urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs
Authors: Vaden Shelly L. , Mathews Kyle G. , Yoo James , Williams James Koudy , Harris Tonya , Secoura Patty , Robertson James , Gleason Katherine L. , Reynolds Hannah , Piedrahita Jorge
Published: August 2022

Background

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is a common problem in female dogs, but some dogs fail to achieve continence with standard treatment. Urethral submucosal injection of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells (skMPCs) previously has been shown to restore urethral function in a canine model of USMI.

Hypothesis/Objective

To determine if urethral submucosal injection of skMPC alters continence in dogs with USMI that had previously failed standard medical management. We hypothesized that the injections would lead to improved continence.

Animals

Fifteen client‐owned dogs with USMI that had failed standard medical management.

Methods

Dogs were prospectively enrolled into a single‐armed clinical trial. Once enrolled, a triceps muscle of each dog was biopsied; the tissue specimens were digested, cultured, and expanded to 100 million cells before injection into the urethral submucosa using a surgical approach. Continence was assessed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post‐injection using continence scores and urethral pressure profilometry.

Results

Median continence scores increased significantly from baseline at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Increases were seen in 14 of 15 dogs with 7, 6 or 1 dog achieving scores of 5, 4 or 3, respectively. Additional medication was required to achieve continence in all but 2 dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Urethral submucosal injection of skMPC can be used adjunctively to improve continence in dogs with difficult to manage USMI. The procedure is labor intensive but well tolerated; most dogs will require continued medication to remain continent.
Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in autoimmune hepatitis: Effect on mortality
Authors: Birn‐Rydder Rasmine , Jensen Morten D. , Jepsen Peter , Grønbæk Lisbet
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease associated with an increased prevalence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases and an increased mortality compared with the general population. The contribution of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases to the increased mortality has not been clarified. Our aim was to determine the effect of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases on mortality in AIH patients.

Methods

This nationwide register‐based cohort study included all Danish patients diagnosed with AIH between 1995 and 2019. We examined the presence of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases and compared the mortality between AIH patients with and without extrahepatic autoimmune diseases. We adjusted our analysis for age, sex, calendar year of AIH diagnosis, cirrhosis, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischaemic heart disease.

Results

We included 2479 AIH patients of whom 19.8% had one extrahepatic autoimmune disease and 3.3% had multiple. The adjusted 10‐year cumulative mortality was 27.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.2–29.4) for patients with extrahepatic autoimmune diseases and 21.6% (95% CI: 19.9–23.6) for patients without. The adjusted mortality hazard ratio was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.12–1.52) for AIH patients with versus without extrahepatic autoimmune diseases; it was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06–1.48) for patients with one extrahepatic autoimmune disease and 1.54 (95% CI: 1.15–2.05) for those with more than one.

Conclusions

Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases increased the mortality in patients with AIH. Patients with multiple extrahepatic autoimmune diseases had a higher mortality than patients with just one extrahepatic autoimmune disease.
DKK1 drives immune suppressive phenotypes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and can be targeted with anti‐DKK1 therapeutic DKN‐01
Authors: Jarman Edward J. , Horcas‐Lopez Marta , Waddell Scott H. , MacMaster Stephanie , Gournopanos Konstantinos , Soong Daniel Y. H. , Musialik Kamila I. , Tsokkou Panagiota , Ng Minn‐E , Cambridge William A. , Wilson David H. , Kagey Michael H. , Newman Walter , Pollard Jeffrey W. , Boulter Luke
Published: August 2022

Background and aims

Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) is associated with poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here, we show that DKK1 plays an immune regulatory role in vivo and inhibition reduces tumour growth.

Methods

Various in vivo GEMM mouse models and patient samples were utilized to assess the effects of tumour specific DKK1 overexpression in iCCA. DKK1‐driven changes to the tumour immune microenvironment were characterized by immunostaining and gene expression analysis. DKK1 overexpressing and damage‐induced models of iCCA were used to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of DKK1 inhibition in these contexts using the anti‐DKK1 therapeutic, DKN‐01.

Results

DKK1 overexpression in mouse models of iCCA drives an increase in chemokine and cytokine signalling, the recruitment of regulatory macrophages, and promotes the formation of a tolerogenic niche with higher numbers of regulatory T cells. We show a similar association of DKK1 with FOXP3 and regulatory T cells in patient tissue and gene expression data, demonstrating these effects are relevant to human iCCA. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of DKK1 with the monoclonal antibody mDKN‐01 is effective at reducing tumour burden in two distinct mouse models of the disease.

Conclusion

DKK1 promotes tumour immune evasion in iCCA through the recruitment of immune suppressive macrophages. Targeting DKK1 with a neutralizing antibody is effective at reducing tumour growth in vivo. As such, DKK1 targeted and immune modulatory therapies may be an effective strategy in iCCA patients with high DKK1 tumour expression or tolerogenic immune phenotypes.
How big is the little brain in the gut? Neuronal numbers in the enteric nervous system of mice, Guinea pig, and human
Authors: Michel Klaus , Kuch Birgit , Dengler Sophie , Demir Ihsan Ekin , Zeller Florian , Schemann Michael
Published: August 2022

Background

Despite numerous studies on the enteric nervous system (ENS), we lack fundamental knowledge on neuronal densities or total neuron numbers in different species. There are more anecdotal than actual figures on nerve counts.

Methods

We used standardized preparation techniques and immunohistochemistry with validated panneuronal markers (human or mouse anti‐HuD/C) to determine neuronal densities in specimen from the entire gastrointestinal tract of mice, guinea pig, and humans. In parallel, we measured the dimensions of the gastrointestinal regions in mouse and guinea pig. For humans, we had to rely on literature data.

Key Results

The average neuronal densities along the gastrointestinal tract were 35,011 ± 25,017 1/cm2 for the myenteric and 16,685 ± 9098 1/cm2 for the submucous plexus in mice, 24,315 ± 16,627 and 11,850 ± 6122 1/cm2 for guinea pig myenteric and submucous plexus, respectively, and 21,698 ± 9492 and 16,367 ± 5655 1/cm2 for human myenteric and submucous plexus, respectively. The total number of neurons in the ENS was 2.6 million for mice, 14.6 million for guinea pig, and 168 million for human.

Conclusions & Inferences

This study reports the first comprehensive nerve cell count in mice, guinea pig, and human ENS. Neuronal densities were comparable between the three species and the differences in the total numbers of enteric neurons are likely due to body size and intestinal length. The number of enteric neurons is comparable to the number of neurons in the spinal cord for all three species.
Enhanced recovery after cleft palate repair: A quality improvement project
Authors: Esfahanian Mohammad , Marcott Stephen Craig , Hopkins Elena , Burkart Brendan , Khosla Rohit Kumar , Lorenz H. Peter , Wang Ellen , De Souza Elizabeth , Algaze‐Yojay Claudia , Caruso Thomas J.
Published: August 2022

Background

Children undergoing cleft palate repair present challenges to postoperative management due to several factors that can complicate recovery. Utilization of multimodal analgesic protocols can improve outcomes in this population. We report experience designing and implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for cleft palate repair to optimize postoperative recovery.

Aims

The primary aim was to implement an ERAS pathway with >70% bundle adherence to achieve a 30% reduction in postoperative opioid consumption within 12 months. Our secondary aims assessed intraoperative opioid consumption, length of stay, timeliness of oral intake, and respiratory recovery.

Methods

A multidisciplinary team of perioperative providers developed an ERAS pathway for cleft palate patients. Key drivers included patient and provider education, formal pathway creation and implementation, multimodal pain therapy, and target‐based care. Interventions included maxillary nerve blockade and enhanced intra‐ and postoperative medication regimens. Outcomes were displayed as statistical process control charts.

Results

Pathway compliance was 77.0%. Patients during the intervention period (n = 39) experienced a 49% reduction in postoperative opioid consumption (p < .0001) relative to our historical cohort (n = 63), with a mean difference of −0.33 ± 0.11 mg/kg (95% CI −0.55 to −0.12 mg/kg). Intraoperative opioid consumption was reduced by 36% (p = .002), with a mean difference of −0.27 ± 0.09 mg/kg (95% CI −0.45 to −0.09 mg/kg). Additionally, patients in the intervention group had a 45% reduction in time to first oral intake (p = .02) relative to our historical cohort, with a mean difference of −3.81 ± 1.56 h (95% CI −6.9 to −0.70). There was no difference in PACU or hospital length of stay, but there was a significant reduction in variance of all secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

Opioid reduction and improved timeliness of oral intake is possible with an ERAS protocol for cleft palate repair, but our protocol did not alter PACU or hospital length of stay.
Gooseberry vein banding associated virus on Ribes in Latvia: Occurrence, host plants and vectors
Authors: Zuļģe Neda , Stalažs Arturs , Moročko‐Bičevska Inga , Namniece Sabīne , Drevinska Kristīne , Konavko Dmitrijs
Published: August 2022

Ribes are essential berry crops in the temperate zones in Eurasia and New Zealand, and viral infections are common constraints in their cultivation. Gooseberry vein banding associated virus (GVBaV) is vectored by aphids and has been reported from a few European countries and North America. Knowledge on how GVBaV interacts with its vectors on Ribes is still limited. The occurrence of GVBaV in cultivated and wild Ribes in various habitats was studied, focusing on germplasm collections, wild localities, home gardens and green spaces where chemical plant protection is not applied. GVBaV was confirmed for the first time in Latvia in all studied Ribes groups except Ribes×nidigrolaria, and in all habitats surveyed; however, its occurrence did not exceed 8%. Ribes alpinum and R. aureum were found as new naturally infected hosts. GVBaV was detectable in single aphid specimens by PCR and confirmed in Aphis schneideri, Cryptomyzus galeopsidis, Cryptomyzus ribis, Hyperomyzus lactucae and Nasonovia ribisnigri. Phylogenetic analyses did not reveal supported clustering related to host or geographic origin, except for GVBaV isolates in A. schneideri obtained from cultivated gooseberry. This is the first study contributing to the understanding of virus genetic diversity in its vector species in relation to the host plants. A. schneideri that feeds only on Ribes is probably a major contributor to GVBaV spread in comparison with other aphid species migrating to secondary hosts.
Risk factors for depression among older adults living alone in Shanghai, China
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: August 2022

Background

Rapid population ageing and the increasing number of older adults living alone are important phenomena. Older adults are prone to depression. This study aimed to investigate the depression of older adults living alone in Shanghai and its risk factors.

Methods

The data from the survey of quality of life of community‐dwelling older adults in Shanghai from April 2015 to March 2016 was used in this study. A total of 387 older adults living alone in two communities in Shanghai participated in this study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data, including depression, the presence of chronic diseases, functional ability, self‐rated health, loneliness, social support and sociodemographic variables.

Results

The prevalence of depression was 26.9%. There were significant differences across the participants of different genders, education levels, previous occupations, economic levels, residential areas, physical activity levels, chronic diseases, functional ability levels, levels of self‐rated health, loneliness levels and social support levels (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analyses found that self‐rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 5.914, P = 0.001) and loneliness (OR = 1.132, P < 0.001) were risk factors of depression.

Conclusions

The psychological and physical health of older adults living alone need to be emphasised. Appropriate interventions could be implemented to prevent depression, so as to promote the quality of life of older adults, and achieve active ageing and healthy ageing.
Effects of Cutting Edge Radius on Surface Integrity in Machining of Nickel-Based Cast Superalloy: An In Situ Imaging Approach
Authors: Nie Guang-Chao , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Yang Zheng-Yan , Zhang Dong , Outeiro José , Liu Hai-Gen , Ding Han
Published: August 2022

Cutting edge radius is a crucial factor affecting surface integrity during metal machining, which determines product performance. However, the exact mechanism of how the cutting edge radius affects machined surface has not yet been understood, especially lacking in situ evidence during the material removal process. In this article, effects of cutting edge radius on surface roughness, subsurface deformation, and work hardening of nickel-based cast superalloy are studied through an in situ imaging approach. Based on continuous high-speed filming and digital imaging correlation (DIC) techniques, detailed chip formation and quantitative subsurface plastic deformation under various cutting edge radii are analyzed, and the formation of built-up edge (BUE) is observed when using a large edge radius. Furthermore, when the cutting edge radius is greater than the uncut chip thickness (h), the thickness of plastic deformation increases dramatically. On the other hand, the machined surface roughness can be improved when the cutting edge radius is between 30% and 60% of h. The sharp cutting tools or the cutting edge radius higher than 60% of h result in a poor surface quality on the machined surface during nickel-based cast superalloy machining. The effects of cutting edge radius on machined surface generation are systematically categorized as cutting with chipping, cutting with significant plowing, and cutting with plowing accompanied by BUE formation.
Iterative Uncertainty Calibration for Modeling Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Statistical Moment-Based Metric
Authors: Rahmani Dehaghani M. , Tang Yifan , Gary Wang G.
Published: August 2022

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has recently attracted attention due to its potential for batch/mass production of metal parts. This process, however, currently suffers from problems including low productivity, inconsistency in the properties of the printed parts, and defects such as lack of fusion and keyholing. Finite element (FE) modeling cannot accurately model the metal AM process and has a high computational cost. Empirical models based on experiments are time-consuming and expensive. This paper enhances a previously developed framework that takes advantages of both empirical and FE models. The validity and accuracy of the metamodel developed in the earlier framework depend on the initial assumption of parameter uncertainties. This causes a problem when the assumed uncertainties are far from the actual values. The proposed framework introduces an iterative calibration process to overcome this limitation. After comparing several calibration metrics, the second-order statistical moment-based metric (SMM) was chosen as the calibration metric in the improved framework. The framework is then applied to a four-variable porosity modeling problem. The obtained model is more accurate than using other approaches with only ten available experimental data points for calibration and validation.
A Combined Computer Vision and Deep Learning Approach for Rapid Drone-Based Optical Characterization of Parabolic Troughs
Authors: Kesseli Devon , Chidurala Veena , Gooch Ryan , Zhu Guangdong
Published: August 2022

Optical accuracy is a primary driver of parabolic trough concentrating solar power (CSP) plant performance, but can be damaged by wind loads, gravity, error during installation, and regular plant operation. Collecting and analyzing optical measurements over an entire operating parabolic trough plant is difficult, given the large scale of typical installations. Distant Observer, a software tool developed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, uses images of the absorber tube reflected in the collector mirror to measure both surface slope in the parabolic mirror and offset of the absorber tube from the ideal focal point. This technology has been adapted for fast data collection using low-cost commercial drones, but until recently still required substantial human labor to process large amounts of data. A new method leveraging advanced deep learning and computer vision tools can drastically reduce the time required to process images. This new method addresses the primary analysis bottleneck, identifying featureless, reflective mirror corner points to a high degree of accuracy. Recent work has shown promising results using computer vision methods. The combined deep learning and computer vision approach presented here proved highly effective and has the potential to further automate data collection and analysis, making the tool more robust. The method presented in this paper automatically identified 74.3% of mirror corners within 2 pixels of their manually marked counterparts and 91.9% within 3 pixels. This level of accuracy is sufficient for practical Distant Observer analysis within a target uncertainty. A commercial drone collected video of over 100 parabolic trough modules at an operating CSP plant to demonstrate the deep learning and computer vision method’s usefulness in processing large amounts of data. These troughs were successfully analyzed using Distant Observer, paired with the new deep learning and computer vision algorithm, and can provide plant operators and trough designers with valuable insight about plant performance, operating strategies, and plant-wide optical error trends.
Flexural Wave Propagation in Rigid Elastic Combined Metabeam
Authors: Bhatt Abhigna , Banerjee Arnab
Published: August 2022

In this paper, flexural wave propagation, attenuation, and reflection through finite number of rigid elastic combined metabeam (RECM) elements sandwiched between two Euler Bernoulli beams has been studied, implementing the spectral element, inverse Fourier transform, and transfer matrix method. Spectral element has been formulated for the unit representative cell of RECM employing the rigid body dynamics. Governing dimensionless parameters are identified. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis has been carried out to comprehend the influence of non-dimensional parameters, such as mass ratio, length ratio, and rotary inertia ratio on the attenuation profile. Rotary inertia of rigid body produces local resonance (LR) band, which may abridge the gap between the two Bragg scattering (BS) bands and results in an ultra-wide stop band for the specific combination of governing non-dimensional parameters. A total of 164% normalized attenuation band is possible to obtain in RECM. Natural frequencies for the finite RECM have also been evaluated from the global spectral element matrix and observed that some natural frequencies lie in the attenuation band. Therefore, the level of attenuation near that natural frequencies is significantly less and cannot be identified from the dispersion diagram of the infinite RECM.
Fatigue of Shape Memory Alloys With Emphasis on Additively Manufactured NiTi Components
Authors: Cebrian Carcavilla Adriano , Zaki Wael
Published: August 2022

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are often used in applications involving time-varying loads. Under such conditions, fatigue leading to possible fracture is a paramount cause of failure, which has been extensively investigated since the 1960s. This work reviews developments in this field with emphasis on recent results related to additively manufactured SMAs. Multiple factors influencing structural and functional degradation in presence of cyclic loading are considered, including microstructural and surface features, thermal loading history, and heat treatment. For completeness, select modeling approaches proposed in the literature to predict SMA fatigue are briefly overviewed and a discussion is provided on the statistical relevance and uncertainty of published data. Conclusions are then formulated to guide subsequent research.
Clearly audible room acoustical differences may not reveal where you are in a room
Authors: Meyer-Kahlen Nils , Schlecht Sebastian J. , Lokki Tapio
Published: August 2022

A common aim in virtual reality room acoustics simulation is accurate listener position dependent rendering. However, it is unclear whether a mismatch between the acoustics and visual representation of a room influences the experience or is even noticeable. Here, we ask if listeners without any special experience in echolocation are able to identify their position in a room based on the acoustics alone. In a first test, direct comparison between acoustic recordings from the different positions in the room revealed clearly audible differences, which subjects described with various acoustic attributes. The design of the subsequent experiment allows participants to move around and explore the sound within different zones in this room while switching between visual renderings of the zones in a head-mounted display. The results show that identification was only possible in some special cases. In about 74% of all trials, listeners were not able to determine where they were in the room. The results imply that audible position dependent room acoustic rendering in virtual reality may not be noticeable under certain conditions, which highlights the importance of evaluation paradigm choice when assessing virtual acoustics.
Depression, Anxiety, and Physical Activity in Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bollaert Rachel E. , Jones C. Danielle , Silic Petra , Motl Robert W.
Published: August 2022

This study examined levels of depression and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores), and self-reported (Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), and accelerometer-measured physical activity in older adults with multiple sclerosis (n = 40) compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 40). We observed differences in depression, anxiety, and physical activity between groups and further observed that minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity partially accounted for group differences in depression scores. We provide preliminary support for research examining approaches for increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and possibly reducing depression symptoms in older adults with multiple sclerosis.
Process-explicit models reveal the structure and dynamics of biodiversity patterns
Authors: Pilowsky July A. , Colwell Robert K. , Rahbek Carsten , Fordham Damien A.
Published: August 2022

With ever-growing data availability and computational power at our disposal, we now have the capacity to use process-explicit models more widely to reveal the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms responsible for spatiotemporal patterns of biodiversity. Most research questions focused on the distribution of diversity cannot be answered experimentally, because many important environmental drivers and biological constraints operate at large spatiotemporal scales. However, we can encode proposed mechanisms into models, observe the patterns they produce in virtual environments, and validate these patterns against real-world data or theoretical expectations. This approach can advance understanding of generalizable mechanisms responsible for the distributions of organisms, communities, and ecosystems in space and time, advancing basic and applied science. We review recent developments in process-explicit models and how they have improved knowledge of the distribution and dynamics of life on Earth, enabling biodiversity to be better understood and managed through a deeper recognition of the processes that shape genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity.
Toward exact predictions of spin-phonon relaxation times: An ab initio implementation of open quantum systems theory
Authors: Lunghi Alessandro
Published: August 2022

Spin-phonon coupling is the main driver of spin relaxation and decoherence in solid-state semiconductors at finite temperature. Controlling this interaction is a central problem for many disciplines, ranging from magnetic resonance to quantum technologies. Spin relaxation theories have been developed for almost a century but often use a phenomenological description of phonons and their coupling to spin, resulting in a nonpredictive tool and hindering our detailed understanding of spin dynamics. Here, we combine time-local master equations up to the fourth order with advanced electronic structure methods and perform predictions of spin-phonon relaxation time for a series of solid-state coordination compounds based on both transition metals and lanthanide Kramers ions. The agreement between experiments and simulations demonstrates that an accurate, universal, and fully ab initio implementation of spin relaxation theory is possible, thus paving the way to a systematic study of spin-phonon relaxation in solid-state materials.
Thermal stabilization of diverse biologics using reversible hydrogels
Authors: Marco-Dufort Bruno , Janczy John R. , Hu Tianjing , Lütolf Marco , Gatti Francesco , Wolf Morris , Woods Alex , Tetter Stephan , Sridhar Balaji V. , Tibbitt Mark W.
Published: August 2022

Improving the thermal stability of biologics, including vaccines, is critical to reduce the economic costs and health risks associated with the cold chain. Here, we designed a versatile, safe, and easy-to-use reversible PEG-based hydrogel platform formed via dynamic covalent boronic ester cross-linking for the encapsulation, stabilization, and on-demand release of biologics. Using these reversible hydrogels, we thermally stabilized a wide range of biologics up to 65°C, including model enzymes, heat-sensitive clinical diagnostic enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase I), protein-based vaccines (H5N1 hemagglutinin), and whole viruses (adenovirus type 5). Our data support a generalized protection mechanism for the thermal stabilization of diverse biologics using direct encapsulation in reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, preliminary toxicology data suggest that the components of our hydrogel are safe for in vivo use. Our reversible hydrogel platform offers a simple material solution to mitigate the costs and risks associated with reliance on a continuous cold chain for biologic transport and storage.
Response to Comment on “Pushing the frontiers of density functionals by solving the fractional electron problem”
Authors: Kirkpatrick James , McMorrow Brendan , Turban David H. P. , Gaunt Alexander L. , Spencer James S. , Matthews Alexander G. D. G. , Obika Annette , Thiry Louis , Fortunato Meire , Pfau David , Román Castellanos Lara , Petersen Stig , Nelson Alexander W. R. , Kohli Pushmeet , Mori-Sánchez Paula , Hassabis Demis , Cohen Aron J.
Published: August 2022

Gerasimov
et al
. claim that the ability of DM21 to respect fractional charge (FC) and fractional spin (FS) conditions outside of the training set has not been demonstrated in our paper. This is based on (i) asserting that the training set has a ~50% overlap with our bond-breaking benchmark (BBB) and (ii) questioning the validity and accuracy of our other generalization examples. We disagree with their analysis and believe that the points raised are either incorrect or not relevant to the main conclusions of the paper and to the assessment of general quality of DM21.
Fiery invasions
Authors: Cornwall Warren
Published: August 2022

Around the world, flammable invasive grasses are increasing the risks of damaging wildfires
Draft Genome of
Kangiella
sp. Strain TOML190, Isolated from the Surface of the Striped Shore Crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes
Authors: Zulmajdi Abdullah Adham , Okazaki Tatsuru , Mori Tetsushi
Published: August 2022

Kangiella
sp. strain TOML190 is a strain from the
Kangiella
genus that was isolated from the surface of a crustacean. Genetic background analysis of this strain shows that it harbors unique features possibly related to its symbiotic adaptation to its residing host.
Supplemental Material: New insights into deep carbon recycling and formation of nepheline-bearing alkaline rocks from Sr-Nd-Mg isotope compositions
Authors: Kong Weiliang , Zhang Zhaochong , al. et
Published: August 2022

Supplemental Figures S1–S5 and Tables S1–S12.
Supplemental Material: Late Cenozoic deepening of Yosemite Valley, USA
Authors: Cuffey Kurt M. , al. et
Published: August 2022

Samples and geochemical analysis: Data for bulk-crystal and site-averaged helium ages; ages for crystals used in 4He = 3He analysis. Data tables, step-heating: Tenaya Canyon and Yosemite Village; Northern Uplands; Western Canyon. All code available by request to the authors.
Supplemental Material: Aspect-dependent bedrock weathering, cliff retreat, and cliff morphology in a hyperarid environment
Authors: Shmilovitz Yuval , et al.
Published: August 2022

Figures S1–S8, Text S1, Table S1.
On the Extremum Control Problem with Pointwise Observation for a Parabolic Equation
Authors: Astashova I. V. , Lashin D. A. , Filinovskiy A. V.
Published: August 2022

In this paper we consider a control problem with pointwise observation for a one-dimensional parabolic equation which arises in a mathematical model of climate control in industrial greenhouses. We study a general equation with variable diffusion coefficient, convection coefficient, and depletion potential. For the extremum problem of minimizing an integral weighted quadratic cost functional, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a minimizing function. We also study exact controllability and dense controllability of the problem. Necessary conditions for an extremum are obtained, and qualitative properties of the minimizing function are studied.
An Inverse Problem for a Semilinear Wave Equation
Authors: Romanov V. G.
Published: August 2022

For the equation $${{u}_{{tt}}} - \Delta u - f(x,u) = 0, (x,t) \in {{\mathbb{R}}^{4}},$$ where $$f(x,u)$$ is a smooth function of its variables and is compact in x, the inverse problem of recovering this function from given information on solutions of Cauchy problems for the differential equation is studied. Plane waves with a strong front that propagate in a homogeneous medium in the direction of the unit vector ν and then impinge on an inhomogeneity localized inside some ball B(R) are considered. It is supposed that the solutions of the Cauchy problems can be measured on the boundary of this ball for all ν at times close to the arriving time of the front. The forward Cauchy problem is studied, and the existence of a unique bounded solution in a neighborhood of a characteristic wedge is stated. An amplitude formula for the derivative of the solution with respect to t on the front of the wave is derived. It is demonstrated that the solution of the inverse problem reduces to a series of X-ray tomography problems.
Key factors for effective implementation of healthcare worker support interventions after patient safety incidents in health organisations: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Guerra-Paiva Sofia , Lobão Maria João , Simões João Diogo , Donato Helena , Carrillo Irene , Mira José Joaquín , Sousa Paulo
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Health organisations should support healthcare workers who are physically and psychologically affected by patient safety incidents (second victims). There is a growing body of evidence which focuses on second victim support interventions. However, there is still limited research on the elements necessary to effectively implement and ensure the sustainability of these types of interventions. In this study, we propose to map and frame the key factors which underlie an effective implementation of healthcare worker support interventions in healthcare organisations when healthcare workers are physically and/or emotionally affected by patient safety incidents.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will be guided by the established methodological Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations. We will follow the JBI three-step process: (1) a preliminary search conducted on two databases; (2) the definition of clear inclusion criteria and the creation of a list of search terms to be used in the subsequent running of the search on a larger number of databases; and (3) additional searches (cross-checking/cross-referencing of reference lists of eligible studies, hand-searching in target journals relevant to the topic, conference proceedings, institutional/organisational websites and networks repositories). We will undertake a comprehensive search strategy in relevant bibliographic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, Epistemonikos, Scielo, Cochrane Library and Open Grey). We will use the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool V.2018 for quality assessment of the eligible studies. Our scoping review will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will not require ethical approval. Results of the scoping review will be published in a peer-review journal, and findings will be presented in scientific conferences as well as in international forums and other relevant dissemination channels.

Trial registration number

10.17605/OSF.IO/RQAT6.

Preprint from medRxiv available: doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.25.22269846.
Guidance and perspectives on highly processed foods
Authors: Panahi Shirin , Jones Wendelyn , Duncan Alison M. , Ferland Guylaine , Keller Heather , Grantham Andrea , House James D.
Published: August 2022

Guidance from Health Canada to limit highly processed foods (HPF) seeks to ensure that Canadians remain within intake recommendations for nutrients of concern. However, HPF can contribute to dietary requirements of specific populations. The Canadian Nutrition Society and Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutritional Sciences convened speakers for a Food for Health workshop in 2021 to provide evidence and perspectives from government, industry, and healthcare on reasons for advocating limits and potential unintended consequences of limiting HPF, and implications and necessity of HPF in clinical settings. This paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of HPF explored at this workshop.
Teleparallel scalar-tensor gravity through cosmological dynamical systems
Authors: Kadam S. A. , Mishra B. , Said Jackson Levi
Published: August 2022

Scalar-tensor theories offer the prospect of explaining the cosmological evolution of the Universe through an effective description of dark energy as a quantity with a non-trivial evolution. In this work, we investigate this feature of scalar-tensor theories in the teleparallel gravity context. Teleparallel gravity is a novel description of geometric gravity as a torsional- rather than curvature-based quantity which presents a new foundational base for gravity. Our investigation is centered on the impact of a nontrivial input from the kinetic term of the scalar field. We consider a number of model settings in the context of the dynamical system to reveal their evolutionary behavior. We determine the critical points of these systems and discuss their dynamics.
Noncommutative $$D=5$$ Chern–Simons gravity: Kaluza–Klein reduction and chiral gravitational anomaly
Authors: Ɖorđević Dušan , Gočanin Dragoljub
Published: August 2022

Actions for noncommutative (NC) gauge field theories can be expanded perturbatively in powers of the noncommutativity parameter $$\theta $$
θ
using the Seiberg–Witten map between ordinary classical fields and their NC counterparts. The leading order term represents classical ($$\theta =0$$

θ
=
0

) action while higher-order terms give us $$\theta $$
θ
-dependent NC corrections that ought to capture some aspects of quantum gravity. Building on previous work of Aschieri and Castellani on NC Chern–Simons (CS) gauge and gravity theories, showing that non-trivial $$\theta $$
θ
-dependence exists only for spacetime dimensions $$D\ge 5$$

D
≥
5

, we investigate a correlated effect of these extra spatial dimensions and noncommutativity on four-dimensional physics, up to first-order in $$\theta $$
θ
. Assuming that one spatial dimension is compactified into a circle, we apply the Kaluza–Klein reduction procedure on the NC $$D=5$$

D
=
5

CS theory for the conformal gauge group SO(4, 2), to obtain an effective, $$\theta $$
θ
-dependent four-dimensional theory of gravity that has Einstein–Hilbert gravity with negative cosmological constant as its commutative limit. We derive field equations for this modified theory of gravity and study the effect of NC interactions on some classical geometries, such as the AdS-Schwarzschild black hole. We find that this NC background spacetime gives rise to chiral gravitational anomaly due to the nonvanishing $$\theta $$
θ
-dependent Pontryagin density.
Maintaining the Union of Unit Discs under Insertions with Near-Optimal Overhead
Authors: Agarwal Pankaj K. , Cohen Ravid , Halperin Dan , Mulzer Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

We present efficient dynamic data structures for maintaining the union of unit discs and the lower envelope of pseudo-lines in the plane. More precisely, we present three main results in this paper:

(i)

We present a linear-size data structure to maintain the union of a set of unit discs under insertions. It can insert a disc and update the union in
O
((
k
+1)log
2
n
) time, where
n
is the current number of unit discs and
k
is the combinatorial complexity of the structural change in the union due to the insertion of the new disc. It can also compute, within the same time bound, the area of the union after the insertion of each disc.

(ii)

We propose a linear-size data structure for maintaining the lower envelope of a set of
x
-monotone pseudo-lines. It can handle insertion/deletion of a pseudo-line in
O
(log
2
n
) time; for a query point x
0
∈ ℝ, it can report, in
O
(log
n
) time, the point on the lower envelope with
x
-coordinate
x
0
; and for a query point
q
∈ ℝ
2
, it can return all
k
pseudo-lines lying below
q
in time
O
(log
n
+
k
log
2
n
).

(iii)

We present a linear-size data structure for storing a set of circular arcs of unit radius (not necessarily on the boundary of the union of the corresponding discs), so that for a query unit disc
D
, all input arcs intersecting
D
can be reported in
O
(
n
1/2+ɛ
+
k
) time, where
k
is the output size and ɛ > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. A unit-circle arc can be inserted or deleted in
O
(log
2
n
) time.
A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Samarium Vanadate and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Determination of Paracetamol
Authors: You Ya , Zou Jiao , Jiang Xin-Yu , Yu Jin-Gang
Published: August 2022

In this work, samarium vanadate (SmV) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were self-assembled by ultrasonic treatment to obtain a novel SmV/SWCNTs nanocomposite. Subsequently, an electrochemical sensor based on SmV/SWCNTs nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed. SmV/SWCNTs/GCE exhibited high selectivity, excellent anti-interference, good stability and reproducibility toward paracetamol (PA) detection. The outstanding performances of the developed electrochemical sensor could be mainly attributed to its high electrocatalytic activity for PA, which might be caused by the synergistic effect of SmV and SWCNTs. Under optimized experimental conditions, SmV/SWCNTs/GCE exhibited a good linear relationship between current signal and PA concentration over a wide concentration range 1–100 μM, and limit of detection (LOD) (signal-to-noise ratio of 3, S/N = 3) was calculated to be 0.035 μM. The satisfactory recoveries of 98.06%–104.20% and 98.55%–101.88% could be obtained in the bovine serum and PA tablet samples, respectively. We anticipated this work could provide a reference for the future development and application of samarium-based materials in the field of electroanalysis.
Twice Daily Prazosin and Valproic Acid in the Treatment of Flashbacks in PTSD
Authors: Fisher Kristy A. , Kiziah Heidi , Villalba Alvarez Clara L.
Published: August 2022

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating stress disorder occurring in the context of a traumatic event and is characterized by intrusive and avoidance symptoms, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and arousal and reactivity changes. Despite its representation throughout literature, the pathophysiology of PTSD remains incompletely understood, thus contributing to broad, variable, and at times, experimental treatment options. The authors present the first documented case of the rapid and successful management of PTSD using valproic acid and twice daily dosing of prazosin aimed at targeting symptoms of hyperarousal and both daily and nightly intrusive symptoms of flashbacks and nightmares, respectively. The authors also discuss postulations of the underlying mechanisms of action responsible for such symptom alleviation. Further investigation is needed to expand upon our knowledge of the use of such agents in the treatment of PTSD to improve upon existing clinical guidelines, especially in the acute setting, thus providing better overall prognosis.
Isolated Infraspinatus Myositis after Intramuscular Vaccine Administration
Authors: Samuelson Eric R. , Bano Joseph M. , Gould Heath P. , Levine Richard G.
Published: August 2022

Case. A 74-year-old female developed left shoulder pain after receiving an influenza vaccine. Her initial physical exam was suggestive of subacromial bursitis, and a corticosteroid injection into the subacromial space resulted in a 50% improvement in her pain. Subsequent MRI demonstrated myositis isolated to the infraspinatus muscle. She was successfully treated with anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy. Conclusion. Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (SIRVA) is a rare clinical complication, and myositis in the rotator cuff musculature has not been previously reported. Proper administration of intramuscular vaccinations should be emphasized to prevent injury to structures surrounding the shoulder joint.
Mechanical Modeling and Oblique Evaluation of a Full Rotation Steering Tool
Authors: Yue Hong , Zeng Bo , Zhong Chengxu , Wang Yezhong , Chen Ye , Luo Xiang , Liang Jun , Xia Chengyu
Published: August 2022

Directional rotary steerable is one of the key components of modern intelligent drilling, and the analysis of force and deformation in bottom hole assembly is the key to control a well trajectory. Although the introduction of edge calculation will significantly improve the case requirements in engineering application, due to the complexity of directional rotary steerable BHA, such as variable stiffness and discontinuity, few theoretical mechanical models can simultaneously solve the above problems and obtain accurate solutions. In this paper, the inclination angle and diameter of borehole are considered comprehensively. From weight on bit in drilling parameters, assembly structure parameters of multiple variable cross section, discontinuity, stabilizer diameter and position of all sorts of influencing factors, such as the vertical and horizontal bending method combined with the finite element method, a point-type rotary steering BHA is established as a new type of mechanical model, with actual project as an example, through iteration, and the calculated results with the software of numerical verify the correctness of the model. Finally, the model is used to study the bit side force of discontinuous directional rotatory stepping-type BHA, and the effects of offset, weight on bit, and distance between two stabilizers on bit side force are analyzed. The research results provide support for structure optimization and BHA parameter evaluation of directional rotary steerable tools.
Analysis of the Cytokine Expression in the Aqueous Humor of Individuals with BRVO-Associated Macular Edema
Authors: Zhu Chengyi , Pan Lanlan , Yi Qiong , Wei Qiping
Published: August 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to determine the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the aqueous humor of patients with macular edema (ME) caused by branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), as well as to investigate the relationship between the cytokines as mentioned earlier and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ME, and the degree of ME from the molecular level. Methods. In a prospective observational study, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to classify 58 patients with non-ischemic BRVO-ME into three groups according to the degree of ME: 14-mild, 17-moderate, and 27-severe. The specific concentration of IL-6, VEGF, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the aqueous humor was detected using the BD CSCanto™ II Flow Cytometer (US). Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the levels of BCVA and severity of ME and the expression levels of IL-6, VEGF, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the aqueous humor. Results. According to the obtained data, BCVA did not correlate with the severity of ME, and these four cytokines expression levels in patients’ aqueous humor (

P
>
0.05

). Moreover, BCVA did not correlate with mild, moderate, or severe ME as well (

P
>
0.05

). However, the levels of these four cytokines were correlated with the severity of the ME. These underlined cytokines were linked to the mild, moderate, and severe degrees of ME. VEGF was also significantly correlated (r > 0.8,

P
<
0.0001

) with the severity of ME. Conclusions. This study suggests that the severity of ME in BRVO-ME patients is significantly correlated with the expression levels of IL-6, VEGF, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the aqueous humor. Lowering the level of disease-associated cytokines may potentially reduce the degree of ME. Therefore, an in-depth study of the levels and the relationship may provide some evidence for the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of BRVO-ME.