bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The right to be forgotten
Authors: Jones Meg Leta , Zeide Elana , Mai Jens‐Erik , Jones Elisabeth , Dupre Jill , Richards Neil
Published: February 2016

The right to be forgotten gained international attention in May 2014, when the European Court of Justice ruled that Google was obligated to recognize European citizens’ data protection rights to address inadequate, irrelevant, or excessive personal information. As of April 14, 2015, Google received 239,337 requests to eliminate 867,930 URLs from search results and has removed 305,095 URLs, a rate of 41.5 percent. The right to be forgotten is intended to legally address digital information that lingers and threatens to shackle individuals to their past by exposing the information to opaque data processing and online judgment. There are a number of challenges to developing these rights – digital information means and touches so many aspects of life across cultures as they grapple with new policies. The controversial ruling and establishment of such a right, potential for a similar movement in the U.S., and future of transborder data flows will be discussed by this esteemed panel.
A real‐time web observatory for cycling safety: A tool for supporting research and decision making of people and organizations
Authors: González‐Ibáñez Roberto , Bonacic Carolina , Fernández Álvaro
Published: February 2016

Human‐generated content on the Web has increased over the last decade. In part, this situation has been powered by the proliferation of social networking services and mobile computing. In the context of citizen safety, everyday people share information about safety‐related events such as natural disasters, accidents, and theft. This information can have valuable implications for the community and authorities, however, processing and making sense of such volume of information are difficult tasks for machines and likely impossible for humans. This poster shows the design of a real‐time Web observatory that uses publicly available information found in social networking services such as Twitter to automatically provide visualizations and indicators of safety‐related events for the particular case of cyclists as perceived by the citizens. We demonstrate the potential applications of this design with two implementations thought to aid researchers, decision makers, and people in general.
Development of the missouri hub: Preparing for linked open data by contributing to the digital public library of America
Authors: Freeland Chris , Moulaison Heather
Published: February 2016

Linked data presents numerous implementation challenges in cultural heritage institutions. The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) has emerged as a resource for cultural heritage institutions to contribute metadata records for their digital assets to a national aggregation platform, one that is actively being developed to express contributed metadata as linked data. At present, there is a dearth of literature on the DPLA, and especially on its hubs. This poster aims to fill that gap by documenting the formation of the Missouri Hub, the DPLA Service Hub for Missouri, as a model for institutions with similar collective goals of exposing and enriching their data through the DPLA. Using Rogers's () Diffusion of innovations theory, we apply a post‐implementation descriptive application of Rogers's model for the innovation process in an organization to the formation of the Missouri Hub. The five steps to implementation are presented, including the initiation and decision process. This poster presents and analyzes one approach to adopting and implementing the DPLA, an innovation supporting cultural heritage institutions and their goals of exposing and enriching their data. By working collaboratively, the institutions were able to achieve a goal that they could not attain individually.
Determining users' motivations to participate in online community archives: A preliminary study of documenting ferguson
Authors: Freeland Chris , Atiso Kodjo
Published: February 2016

The shooting death of teenager Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, spurred an immediate national and international response in the fall of 2014. Washington University Libraries in St. Louis, Missouri, established the Documenting Ferguson web archive to gather digital media documenting local protests and demonstrations as captured by community members in order to archive the materials for future research and scholarly use. This preliminary study identified the factors that motivated participants to contribute content to the Documenting Ferguson online community archive, uncovering themes of altruism, reciprocity, and personal development.
Media visualization of book cover images: Exploring differences among bestsellers in different countries
Authors: Jeong Wooseob , Han Hyejung
Published: February 2016

Interest in the role of book cover images in readers’ reading experience and book marketing has been long‐standing. This study attempts to compare book covers from different countries with a media visualization tool called ImagePlot. The top 100 bestselling books from 13 Amazon.com's international sites were identified and their cover images were downloaded. Using ImagePlot, median values of brightness, hue and saturation for each image in the data set were extracted and analyzed. Along with one‐way ANOVA tests by SPSS, ImagePlot outputs show differences in these graphical properties of bestsellers’ cover images in different countries. From the outputs, with all the book cover images displayed on a single canvas (screen), hidden patterns emerged and findings were clearly confirmed. This study makes a contribution by providing connection between research interests in book cover images and media visualization techniques for further research.
Data informed learning: A next phase data literacy framework for higher education
Authors: Maybee Clarence , Zilinski Lisa
Published: February 2016

Accessing, using and managing data is increasingly recognized as an important learning outcome in higher education. Approaches to data literacy have typically been informed by information literacy. New approaches to information literacy have emerged that address how information is used in the different disciplinary contexts in which people learn and work. Successful approaches to data literacy will also need to address contextual concerns. Informed learning is an approach to information literacy that purposefully addresses contextual concerns by suggesting pedagogic strategies for enabling students to use information in ways that support discipline‐focused learning outcomes. As part of an ongoing investigation, we advance data informed learning as a framework for data literacy in higher education that emphasizes how data are used to learn and communicate within disciplinary learning contexts. Drawing from informed learning, we outline principles and characteristics of data informed learning, and suggest future directions to investigate ways that data are used in real‐world environments.
Data management and curation practices: The case of using DSpace and implications
Authors: Zhang Yin , Chen Hsin‐liang
Published: February 2016

Data management and curation is a new challenge with the emerging trend of data‐dependent scholarly research. Due to the lack of common standards and best practices, current data management and curation practices have been varied. This poster presents a project that examines the common practices of data management and curation that helps understand the scope of and factors behind such variations. The sample of this study consists of 171 unique data repositories created by 164 institutions from 95 countries worldwide. The preliminary results indicate that data management and curation is a global issue. Currently, academic institutions and government agencies are the leading force in contributing and sharing data. Data repositories are used for various purposes with international repository and learning resources being the most common use cases. Additionally, system functions used to manage data repositories vary to a great extent with statistics and OAI harvesting being the most common ones.
Inclusive museum and its impact on learning of special needs children
Authors: Deng Liya
Published: February 2016

This study investigates the effect of learning in museums, an informal environment different from the traditional classroom, on children with special needs. The purpose of the project is to examine how the museum experience influences learning and socialization of children with developmental disorders. The author aimed to quantify and understand the value and impact of the museum experience through a mixed methods study design. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a standardized scale, observations, parental surveys, and pre‐ and post‐activity task evaluations. The results revealed a positive impact of the museum learning on knowledge acquisition and socialization demonstrated by increases in the total number of the participants’ information sharing and communication behaviors. The study contributes to improving our understanding of information and cultural needs of children with disabilities in an unconventional learning environment. It also raises public awareness of museums’ capacity to serve increasingly diverse user communities and provide wider access to cultural heritage.
What flavors are different types of scholarly articles? An investigation of PLOS publications
Authors: Xu Shenmeng , Hemminger Bradley M.
Published: February 2016

Using Article‐Level‐Metrics (ALMs) data from PLOS, we analyze the citations, views, saves, and shares of different types of articles. Using multiple statistical and visualization techniques, we explore scientists’ behaviors associated with scholarly works, which could help us better understand their information needs, and provide clues about how different types of scholarly information are valued. We find that scholarly impact could be better interpreted when article types are taken into consideration. Moreover, the correlations between citations, views, saves, and shares also demonstrate the need to consider article types when assessing the validity of altmetrics. Since altmetrics usage data are associated with various information behaviors, we advocate that altmetrics, especially only the scores, should be used with caution. In summary, our approach provides a novel point of view to explore altmetrics and citation data. Future work will adopt quality approaches to look into more details of the current analyses, to get a better understanding of flavors of scholarly impact.
Evaluating fan fiction metadata for preservation use
Authors: Gursoy Ayse
Published: February 2016

The preservation of ergodic digital artifacts, such as videogames, is a complex and uncertain archival task. This study examines how fan fiction metadata can facilitate the preservation of digital experiences. Based on a preliminary assessment of fan fiction associated with the videogame Mass Effect, collections of fan fiction metadata constitute a promising resource to identify and document player experiences, particularly those involving game characters and their relationships.
The research of mobile internet user's behavior: From the perspective of individual's regulatory focus
Authors: Zhu Peng , Wu Wei , Zhao Xiaoxiao , Xu Mengying
Published: February 2016

Although many reports showed that the mobile Internet market has great potential to appeal to a broader range of users, there are few studies on mobile Internet behavior. In this paper, we mainly researched the effects of mobile Internet user's motivation orientation on behavior, drawing on regulatory focus theory and combining with individual innovation, perceived risk, perceived value and connection quality. Then we used the Structural Equation Model to verify the hypothesis. The results showed that mobile Internet user's motivation orientation directly influences individual innovation and usage intention. Compared with the prevention focus users, promotion focus users’ innovation is higher and their intention to use mobile Internet is more intense. These results could provide further guidance for mobile Internet providers’ operation strategies.
Online question answering practices to support healthcare data re‐use
Authors: Blake Catherine , Souden Maria , Anderson Caryn L. , Twidale Michael , Jenifer E. Stelmack
Published: February 2016

Institutional data collection practices inevitably evolve over time, especially in a distributed clinical setting. Clinical and administrative data can improve health and healthcare, but only if researchers ensure that the data is well‐aligned to their reuse goals and that they have adequately accounted for changes in data collection practices over time. Our goal is to understand information behaviors of health services data users as they bridge the gap between the historical data and their intended data reuse goals. This project leverages more than a decade of listserv posts related to the use of clinical and administrative data by US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) employees, providing longitudinal insight into data reuse practices in both research and operational settings. In this paper we report the results of a pilot study that highlighted questions raised in the use of data and the knowledge engaged to answer them.
Digital latin library: Information work practices of classics scholars, graduate students, and teachers
Authors: Abbas June , Baker Stacey Renee , Huskey Samuel J. , Weaver Chris
Published: February 2016

Initial results of an information behavior study of Classics scholars of Latin, graduate students, and high school teachers are presented. The study was conducted to inform the design of the Digital Latin Library. Interviews and task demonstrations were conducted with 16 participants. Findings indicate user groups use a variety of specialized print and digital resources, with a preference for print manuscripts, and that they employ basic and advanced searching techniques but also require domain‐specific tools to conduct their scholarly work activities.
Neighborhood‐level index of knowledge and intellectual capital
Authors: Bedford Denise A. D. , Kelley Sean , Bible Geoffrey , Kollinger Justin , Savage Kelsey , Brown Gabrielle , Sabatiuk Liz
Published: February 2016

This poster presents a rationale and architecture for a neighborhood‐ and city‐level index of knowledge and intellectual capital. The Index is grounded on established models of intellectual capital and knowledge transactions. The architecture includes seven components that support analytics and engagement. The analytics component includes data harvesting, harmonization, management, dashboards and reports. The engagement component is grounded on GIS components and is designed to enable a city's citizens to leverage the Index to achieve their vision of a Knowledge City. Six facets of a Knowledge City are defined, and factors that contribute to the incentivizing or Disincentivizing of knowledge transactions are proposed. The model and methodology are currently being implemented in four cities – Columbus and Youngstown Ohio, Baltimore Maryland, and Fredericksburg Virginia.
Paradigmatic relations and syntagmatic relations: How are they related?
Authors: Chiu Wanying , Lu Kun
Published: February 2016

This study investigates the relationship between syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors assigned to the same document are chosen to represent the syntagmatic relations and their paradigmatic relations are determined using the structure of the MeSH thesaurus. With the help of MeSH tree structure, we determined the paradigmatic relations between each pair of assigned descriptors for each document (if there is any). The results show that paradigmatic relations and syntagmatic relations can coexist, but it is not very common. Only 13.56% of the pairs of descriptors are connectable on the MeSH tree, and thus can be said to have some paradigmatic relations. It generally takes 3 to 5 steps on the tree for these pairs of descriptors to reach each other. The results also show that the strength of the paradigmatic relations depends on the specificity of the descriptors. The more specific a pair of descriptors are, the stronger paradigmatic relations they are likely to have. When the assigned descriptors are very general, they are less likely to have strong paradigmatic relations (e.g. parent‐child or siblings relations). The findings of this study can help better use of sematic relations for different applications such as ontology construction, information extraction, information retrieval, question‐answering, and text summarization.
Evaluating popularity data for relevance ranking in library information systems
Authors: Plassmeier Kim , Borst Timo , Behnert Christiane , Lewandowski Dirk
Published: February 2016

In this poster, we present our work in progress to develop a relevance model for library information systems, which takes non‐textual factors into account. Here we focus on popularity data like citation or usage data. These data contain various biases that need to be corrected so as not to degrade the performance of the relevance model. Further, the different data might be to some extent incommensurable. We make use of the Characteristic Scores and Scales method to achieve two goals: first, remove biases from the raw data, and second, establish a common scale for the different data to support weighing the data against each other.
Significant features of thematic research collections
Authors: Fenlon Katrina
Published: February 2016

In order to support innovative scholarship, digital library development must be informed by an understanding of new modes of scholarly production. This paper considers an emergent genre of scholarly publication in the humanities: the digital thematic research collection. While thematic research collections have grown in number and academic significance over the past decade, and this is reflected in the literature on scholarly practice, we do not have a definitive grasp on this exciting phenomenon. What significant features distinguish thematic research collections as a mode of scholarly production? This paper describes a pilot study conducted as part of a project investigating the significant features of thematic research collections. A stronger understanding of thematic research collections will contribute to evolving scholarly evaluation processes for tenure and promotion and the advancement of digital libraries to support new modes of research.
Topical scopes of digital and data curation curricula
Authors: Yang Seungwon
Published: February 2016

We analyzed topical scopes of two digital and two data curation curricula offered as (post)graduate certificates or specializations. We investigated a question of what the topical similarities and differences are between the curricula. To address this question: first, we identified topics from individual course and curriculum descriptions; second, we compared the topics from curriculum descriptions with each other; and third, we compared the topics from course descriptions that are part of a curriculum. We found several topics which were acting as least common denominators between two digital curation and between two data curation curricula. Such topics illustrated the fundamental components within the same type of curricula. The two common topics among all curricula were ‘standards’ and ‘management.’ This may indicate the importance of following the standards in preparation of digital (data) objects and in curatorial processes, as well as the importance of continued management of such resources in a repository. Our approach may be applicable to other types of educational opportunities such as workshops, MOOCs, and webinars. As we analyze more curation curricula, we may be able to develop a more accurate and comprehensive topical framework for the domain of digital and data curation, further enhancing the education for future digital and data curators.
Health information triangulation: A complex and agentic practice among young parents
Authors: Greyson Devon
Published: February 2016

In situations of contested knowledge, information seekers may engage in triangulation practices in order to assess which information is right to meet their needs. Triangulation has been much discussed among researchers, but less so among lay populations. This poster presents results related to the triangulation practices of a group of young parents seeking health and parenting information in the Greater Vancouver region of Canada. Young mothers and fathers in this study described and demonstrated multiple types of triangulation in order to assess and make sense of both authoritative and non‐authoritative information. Seeking pathways were varied but could be classified as one of: a) escalating authoritativeness, b) second opinions, c) medical/non‐medical perspective, or d) inclusive triangulation. Engagement in triangulation practices was used both in deference to and as a mode of challenging medical authority. The dominant cultural emphasis on intensive parenting, coupled with widespread access to the Internet, made it possible and in some cases necessary for lay people to engage in “scientific” information practices such as triangulation.
“A gutenberg moment”: The do‐it‐yourself world of online literary publishing
Authors: Fleming‐May Rachel A. , Green Harriett
Published: February 2016

The Internet has changed the publishing industry irrevocably; this phenomenon has affected the print‐centric sphere of literary publishing as well as those fields that have typically accepted change more readily. This poster presents findings from a study of the opinions and practices of editors and publishers of literary journals published online either in part or exclusively. In a survey and follow‐up interviews, we asked respondents to describe the benefits and drawbacks of publishing literature using web‐based platforms as well as their perceptions of the larger impact online publishing is having on literature. This study represents a unique attempt to explore the creative field of literature through the theoretical lens of information science.
DisasterBox: Designing social media for disaster relief
Authors: Parham Krista , Wong Jessica , Cang Laura , Shash Yasmin , Frazier T. Zachary , McGrenere Joanna
Published: February 2016

Natural disasters are a period of uncertainty and instability for those affected. It becomes important for members of the public in a disaster zone to access up‐to‐date information about their environment. Currently, solutions are only set up for information from official sources to flow through existing infrastructure to members of the public. This approach has been criticized for being incomplete and slow to respond. The authors propose an integrated communications solution that would leverage the networked potential of localized actors, whether they are affected members of the public, aid workers, or official agencies sent to provide support.
Building data expertise into research institutions: Preliminary results
Authors: Thompson Cheryl A.
Published: February 2016

Data‐intensive research promises advancements in scientific knowledge and brings with it new demands for staff that can manage large and complex data, design user services, and facilitate open access. Research institutions are extending their services to scientific data management. As more organizations extend their operations to research data, an understanding of how to build data expertise into staff and service models is needed. Understanding the unique expertise required and various data roles is key to providing a well‐trained workforce that can support data‐intensive science. This study examines how an exemplar data center, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, develops and supports their data expertise. This poster reports preliminary results.
Visualizing teacher tweets: Finding professional learning networks in topical networks
Authors: Handel Dinah , Hochman Jessica , Santoro Doris
Published: February 2016

The data for this study is part of #teachertweets, an interdisciplinary quantitative and qualitative study that examines the networks that US‐based teachers form on Twitter, the conversations they are having there, and the content of individual tweets. This poster uses data visualization to explore teachers tweeting about teaching as a topical network toward more understanding of the ways that teachers engage in professional learning on Twitter.
SOCRATES 2.0: Bridging the gap between researchers and social media data through natural language interactions
Authors: Choi Dongho , Matni Ziad , Shah Chirag
Published: February 2016

In order to help researchers who have to resort to time‐consuming work on collecting, analyzing, and visualizing social media data, we have developed a system, called the Social and Crowdsourced Activity Extraction System (SOCRATES). This tool supports researchers utilize a single, modularly architected, open‐sourced, and standardized platform for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing social media data. In this demonstration, a follow‐up to one we presented at ASIST 2014 (Matni, Choi, & Shah, 2014), we present “SOCRATES 2.0” with improved functionalities, more precisely, those that help users focus on their research problem(s) without spending time and effort dealing with details in data processing. Through a process of asking questions related to the users’ interests and requests for certain analyses, the system generates one sentence about a possible research statement and provides the collected data and analysis results with one click.
Health information and health literacy: Public library practices, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Rubenstein Ellen L.
Published: February 2016

This poster reports on a study of 18 libraries in two public library systems in central Oklahoma. The project sought to gain an in‐depth understanding of how libraries are contributing to health information access and health literacy. The poster reports on preliminary results in regard to three aspects of the study: library personnel's perspectives on the roles and responsibilities of libraries in reference to health information and literacy, how staff assisted patrons with health questions, and how they defined “health literacy.” This research highlights disparities in library staff's understanding of health literacy, as well as some of the problems they encounter as they disseminate health information.
Exploring openness in data and science: What is “open,” to whom, when, and why?
Authors: Pasquetto Irene V. , Sands Ashley E. , Borgman Christine L.
Published: February 2016

“Open data” is a popular phrase in research practice and science policy. While stakeholders agree on some aspects of this concept, many others remain hotly debated. As a means to identify the main themes and arguments surrounding open data, we analyzed highly cited publications from the last 10 years that address data sharing or open access to research data. We identify and synthesize eight components of open data that vary among policies, studies, and initiatives, and present problematic arguments worthy of further investigation.
Enhancing user search experience in digital libraries with rotated latent semantic indexing
Authors: Polyakov Serhiy
Published: February 2016

This study investigates a semi‐automatic method for creation of topical labels representing the topical concepts in information objects. The method is called rotated latent semantic indexing (rLSI). rLSI has found application in text mining but has not been used for topical labels generation in digital libraries (DLs). The present study proposes a theoretical model and an evaluation framework which are based on the LSA theory of meaning and investigates rLSI in a DL environment. The proposed evaluation framework for rLSI topical labels is focused on human‐information search behavior and satisfaction measures. The experimental systems that utilize those topical labels were built for the purposes of evaluating user satisfaction with the search process. A new instrument was developed for this study and the experiment showed high reliability of the measurement scales and confirmed the construct validity. Data was collected through the information search tasks performed by 122 participants using two experimental systems. A quantitative method of analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), was used to test a set of research hypotheses and to answer research questions. The results showed a not significant, indirect effect of topical label type on both guidance and satisfaction. The conclusion of the study is that topical labels generated using rLSI provide the same levels of alignment, guidance, and satisfaction with the search process as topical labels created by the professional indexers using best practices.
Metadata change in traditional library collections and digital repositories: Exploratory comparative analysis
Authors: Zavalina Oksana L. , Kizhakkethil Priya , Shakeri Shadi
Published: February 2016

This paper reports preliminary results of a comparative study of metadata change over time in two different environments – digital repository and bibliographic utility used for cooperative cataloging – and with two different metadata schemes – a local version of Dublin Core and Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC). The findings with regards to metadata change types and subtypes observed, as well as the most frequently occurring change categories and metadata fields in which the change occurs most frequently are presented, and the implications are discussed.
Self‐Presentation in academia today: From peer‐reviewed publications to social media
Authors: Bar‐Ilan Judit , Bowman Timothy D. , Haustein Stefanie , Milojević Staša , Peters Isabella
Published: February 2016

The panel explores the theoretical, practical, and policy aspects of self‐presentation in academia given the rapidly changing world of knowledge creation, dissemination and consumption. It offers insights into both the potential and challenges of social media in academia and highlights future directions regarding scholarly communication. The goal of the panel is to start an interactive discussion based on a number of important themes related to social media use and appearance of various stakeholders in academia that will be of interest to scholarly communication researchers, information professionals, librarians and administrators.
Observing serendipity in digital information environments
Authors: Makri Stephann , Bhuiya Jaffor , Carthy Jermaine , Owusu‐Bonsu Jermaine
Published: February 2016

We often interact with digital information environments to find useful information. But sometimes useful information finds us unexpectedly, propelling us in new and exciting directions. We might come across information serendipitously when looking for information on something else, or when we are not looking for anything in particular. In previous studies, people have self‐reported that they come across information serendipitously. However, there has been limited success in directly observing people doing so. To see if we could have more success, we conducted naturalistic observations of 45 users interacting with different types of digital information environments. Without priming them about serendipity, we asked the users to conduct self‐chosen naturalistic information tasks, which varied from broad tasks such as browsing online news to narrow tasks such as finding a particular product to buy. We noted several examples where users either 1) stated they were looking for information on a particular topic or product and unexpectedly found useful/potentially useful information about something else or 2) unexpectedly found useful/potentially useful information when not looking for anything in particular. Our findings suggest that, with a carefully‐considered approach, serendipity‐related information interaction behaviour can be directly observed. Direct observation allows designers of digital information environments to better understand this behaviour and use this understanding to reason about ways of designing new or improving existing support for serendipity.
Analyzing MOOC discussion forum messages to identify cognitive learning information exchanges
Authors: Wong Jian‐Syuan , Pursel Bart , Divinsky Anna , Jansen Bernard J.
Published: February 2016

While discussion forums in online courses have been studied in the past, no one has proposed a model linking messages in discussion forums to a learning taxonomy, even though forums are widely used as educational tools in online courses. In this research, we view forums as information seeking events and use a keyword taxonomy approach to analyze a large amount of MOOC forum data to identify the types of learning interactions taking place in forum conversations. Using 51,761 forum messages from 8,169 forum threads from a MOOC with a 50,000+ enrollment, messages are analyzed based on levels of Bloom's Taxonomy to categorize the scholarly discourse. The results of this research show that interactions within MOOC discussion forums are a learning process with unique characteristics specific to particular cognitive learning levels. Results also imply that different types of forum interactions have characteristics relevant to particular learning levels, and the volume of higher levels of cognitive learning incidents increase as the course progresses.
Seeking common ground: Coffee shops as information grounds in the context of conflict
Authors: Rohman Abdul , Pang Natalie
Published: February 2016

Using coffee shops as information grounds in the context of Christians and Muslim violent conflicts in Indonesia, this paper explores and explicates the emergence of information grounds in the context of conflicts. In a polarized society, coffee shops are constructed as a venue for social reliefs and rituals. They function as social magnets, attracting conflicting actors to put off their differences in lieu of community building. As information grounds, coffee shops allow human actors to cultivate trust and develop networked individuals. Individuals’ capabilities are connected within the communitarian spectrum. Diverse information is shared and exchanged but searching for a common ground is the main goal. As information grounds, the coffee shops reported in this paper are spaces where social capital flourish and increase in value with greater levels of trust. Through the discussion, we posit information grounds as spaces for conflict transformation.
Signal architectures of US public libraries: Resolving legitimacy between public and private spheres
Authors: Widdersheim Michael M. , Koizumi Masanori
Published: February 2016

Public library systems intersect with both public and private spheres of social life, but how they do so remains a mystery. Many believe private influences distort the public sphere in public libraries, and if so, then library legitimacy suffers, raising normative and material concerns for library systems. To better understand how libraries negotiate public legitimacy and private influence, we approached the problem using a communications system framework. We used qualitative content analysis to examine data from three US public library systems: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, New York Public Library, and Cary Memorial Library in Lexington, Massachusetts. We recorded the many ways private actors communicate with and through public library systems. Then, we analyzed the signals in terms of their components: transmitter, receiver, medium, and message. We found two dimensions: in the Public Sphere dimension, private actors govern, legitimate, and use the library, and in the Private Sphere dimension, private actors exchange personal services and exert economic power. We describe the communication channels shared by private actors and public library systems, identify signals associated with governance, influence, and legitimacy, and consider how these signals relate. This study explores the signal architectures of social life in public libraries.
Acceptance of knowledge management concepts in religious organizations: The impacts of information and willful disengagement from productive inquiry
Authors: Freeburg Darin
Published: February 2016

This study analyzed how churches create cultures in which the recirculating of the same information is encouraged, or cultures in which new information is introduced regularly. It then analyzed how these cultures impact engagement with important knowledge management (KM) principles. Particular attention was paid to the factors that contribute to a church's decision to engage in a critical questioning of assumed beliefs—productive inquiry (PI)—shown to be an important behavior in successful organizations. In eight, 90‐minute focus groups, 28 congregants from Mainline Protestant churches were asked to discuss the information behavior surrounding their religious beliefs. Qualitative coding and analysis revealed that the introduction of shared information produced barriers to PI, and the introduction of unique information encouraged PI. However, congregations were purposive in their decision to either engage or disengage in this inquiry based on organizational goals. Analysis showed that the decision to engage with PI was dependent upon a number of variables. A model is provided that outlines the necessary conditions for a congregation with a goal of either PI, or its conceptual opposite—reaffirmation of existing information and beliefs. This reaffirmation tended to result from a relationship goal, but it is suggested that this relationship goal might be better achieved through PI. This study has important implications for organizations that could benefit from the implementation of KM but are less receptive to its requirements.
If you build it, will they come? – A discussion of use cases and barriers of using the knowledge organization systems (KOS) available as linked open data (LOD)
Authors: Zeng Marcia Lei , Hlava Marjorie , Busch Joseph A. , Buchel Olha , Žumer Maja
Published: February 2016

The publishing of knowledge organization systems (KOS) as Linked Open Data (LOD) has become a well‐accepted practice during the last five years. More than 1,000 thesauri, classifications, taxonomies, ontologies, term lists, and other types of KOS are available as LOD datasets. However, there are still visible and invisible barriers for the real end‐users (i.e., those other than the creators and publishers of KOS products) to access and use the LOD KOS. More importantly, the question arises as to how the LOD KOS can be used as more than traditional “controlled vocabularies” or function as more than just “value vocabularies” in the Semantic Web. Of course, the new functions are made possible because of the use of Semantic Web standards such as SKOS, OWL, RDFS, and SPARQL, but what are the appropriate practices for the implementation, extension, access, and use of these standards in the final deliverables? This panel will cover the use cases of the LOD KOS while also address the barriers and issues of using them.
Whakapapa: Genealogical information seeking in an indigenous context
Authors: Lilley Spencer C.
Published: February 2016

This paper describes the information seeking behaviour of Māori secondary school students between 16–18 years of age when they searching for information about their whakapapa (genealogy). Rather than considering this form of information behaviour in the context of leisure time activity, the study positions itself as an important cultural expression of personal and collective identity. Like other studies involving youth, the research demonstrates the importance of inter‐personal information seeking, particularly in Māori cultural settings.
Learning user‐defined, domain‐specific relations: A situated case study and evaluation in plant science
Authors: Lucic Ana , Blake Catherine
Published: February 2016

Although methods exist to identify well‐defined relations, such as is_a or part_of, existing tools rarely support a user who wants to define new, domain‐specific relations. We conducted a situated case study in plant science and introduce four new domain‐specific relations that are of interest to domain scientists but have not been explored in information science. Results show that precision varies between relations and ranges from 0.73 to 0.91 for the manufacturer location category, 0.89 and 0.93 for the seed donor‐bank relation, 0.29 and 0.67 for the seed origin location, and 0.32 and 0.77 for the field experiment location. The manufacturer location category recall varies from 0.91 to 0.94, the seed bank‐donor location recall ranges between 0.93 and 1, the seed origin relation from 0.33 to 0.82 while the field experiment location from 0.67 to 0.83 depending on the classifier and using a combination of lexical and syntactic features in the background.
After access: An inquiry into ICT use factors for indian women
Authors: Paul Anindita , Thompson Kim M. , Heinström Jannica
Published: February 2016

Nations have made great strides in providing physical access to digital technologies and educational opportunities, yet barriers still exist that prevent those who have strong physical and intellectual access to information and communication technology from taking full advantage of the information and opportunities the technology offers. Women in particular are affected by social barriers which may be quite subtle and are easily excluded from taking an active role in the information society. This study explores how Indian women incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) into their daily lives and what aids or barriers they face in the process. This study contributes to an understanding of factors that lead to Indian women's current use of ICT, reasons why Indian women choose to use ICT, and barriers to this usage.
Health practices of immigrant women: Indigenous knowledge in an urban environment
Authors: Morales Miraida , Zhou Xiaomu
Published: February 2016

This qualitative study of folk health practices of an indigenous Mexican immigrant community in New Brunswick, New Jersey investigates the barriers this community faces, and their effects on its members’ everyday practice of health in a new urban environment. Facilitated by local community organizations, two focus group interviews were conducted with women from this community, along with a questionnaire and multiple field visits. Analysis revealed several themes related to health practices, including the role of food, and how indigenous knowledge influences the community's beliefs about, and practices of, health. Additionally, several environmental, communication, and systemic barriers also appeared to affect the community's health practices. This research indicates that providing healthcare access to immigrant communities is a complex issue extending beyond the availability of services and resources. A better understanding of immigrant communities’ socio‐cultural health practices may be a key to improving the community's healthy living and overall quality of life.
Envisioning our information future and how to educate for it: A community conversation
Authors: Abels Eileen G. , Howarth Lynne C. , Smith Linda C.
Published: February 2016

Members and others attending the 2015 Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) conference will be aware of a need to regularly revisit and redefine an information discipline continuously in flux. Constant change likewise demands that we consider new models and approaches to educating professionals equipped with cutting‐edge skills in critical thinking and applied best practice responsive to a dynamic information environment. This proposed three‐segment interactive panel session will report on action research on, and findings emerging from, a re‐visioning of information education. Initial outcomes from pilot projects involving the design and testing of innovative proofs of concept will also be discussed. Attendees will engage in an activity that identifies trends, and debates issues and controversies that are at the core of the dialogue surrounding our information future and how to educate for it.
The role of risky behaviors and health education in college students’ health information acquisition on the internet
Authors: Basic Josipa , Erdelez Sanda
Published: February 2016

Prior research shows that students use the Internet as a main source of health information. When starting college, students get greater autonomy over their behaviors and responsibility for their own health, which creates a number of health‐related information needs. As a result of this newly acquired autonomy, students also frequently engage in various risky behaviors, putting their well‐being in jeopardy. This study aimed to answer whether the self‐reported frequency in which students engage in risky behaviors and their enrollment in health‐related courses affect how frequently they obtain health‐related information. A novel aspect of this study is that it incorporated both intentional and opportunistic information acquisition. An analysis of online survey responses from 810 undergraduates attending a mid‐western U.S. university showed that the frequency of their engagement in risky behaviors (e.g., the use of substances and alcohol and engagement in high‐risk sexual activities) is not significantly associated with the frequency of neither intentional nor opportunistic health information acquisition on the Internet. However, students enrolled in health‐related courses more frequently obtain health information by both intentional search and opportunistic discovery. This opportunistic style of was often described in the literature using terms such as passive, unintentional, accidental, serendipitous, encountering or acquiring by chance. The study findings provide valuable directions for librarians and health educators on how to design new and improve existing e‐health literacy instructions to better suit students’ current needs and information behavior patterns.
Direct‐to‐Consumer genetic testing: Contextual privacy predicament
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ying , Bashir Masooda
Published: February 2016

In this study, we investigated the flow of information and potential privacy infringements in Direct‐to‐Consumer (DTC) genetic testing services available online. We adopted Nissenbaum's framework of Contextual Integrity (CI) to examine six DTC companies’ privacy policies, terms of use, and consent processes. Our analyses indicate that the flow of information within certain contexts of DTC services presents alarming privacy vulnerabilities. In this paper, we provide a new perspective that can be used when evaluating privacy vulnerabilities for a given DTC online genetic testing service. The sensitive and unique features of genetic information make privacy even more of an important consideration for this type of information than for other types of medical/health information. In addition, we have limited knowledge about the harmful consequences that can arise from privacy invasions, such as genetic information breaches, genome database hacking, and so forth. Therefore, we believe that further research and in‐depth investigations from the information community are desperately needed to address the privacy of genetic information.