bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tooth Loss in Patients under Periodontal Maintenance in a Private Practice: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Stadler Amanda Finger , Mendez Marina , Oppermann Rui Vicente , Gomes Sabrina Carvalho
Published: November 2017

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and causes of tooth loss in periodontal subjects from a private practice in Brazil. Two trained examiners extracted data from the records of subjects who sought periodontal treatment from 1980 to 2013. Only records of patients who completed the non-surgical periodontal treatment and had at least one visit for maintenance were included. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, Student’s t-test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression. A total of 3,319 records were reviewed and 737 records included (58.6% women, mean age of 46.6±13.0 years at the beginning of the treatment). Maintenance period ranged from 1 to 33 years (7.4±6 years). During this period, 202 individuals (27.4%) lost 360 teeth, 47.5% of losses within the first five years (n=171). Non-compliers lost more teeth than compliers (p<0.001), respectively 211 and 149 teeth. Regarding reasons of tooth loss, 84 individuals lost 38% of the teeth from periodontal disease progression (n=137). Survival analysis showed that most patients lost only one tooth from periodontal disease, and differences in the survival rates between compliers and non-compliers were observed following the second tooth loss. Approximately one-third of tooth losses was related to periodontal disease progression, and there was stability in time of the proportion of losses from disease progression and other reasons. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that compliant patients in a private practice lose fewer teeth than do non-compliers. Among compliers, periodontal disease progression was not the main cause of tooth loss.
QUALITY OF REACTION WOOD IN Eucalyptus TREES TILTED BY WIND FOR PULP PRODUCTION
Authors: Boschetti Walter Torezani Neto , Paes Juarez Benigno , Vidaurre Graziela Baptista , Arantes Marina Donária Chaves , Silva João Gabriel Missia da
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the quality of normal, tension and opposite wood of eucalyptus trees lengthwise, in straight and inclined stems, affected by wind action. It also aims to explain the pulping parameters resultant from the quality of the wood. The trees were grouped into four tilt ranges, ranging from 0 to 50º, and the basic density, chemical composition of the wood, and performance in kraft pulping were assessed. Normal and tension wood had similar basic densities; while for opposite wood, the density was lower, being responsible for a decrease in reaction wood density. The chemical composition of the wood was influenced by the presence of reaction wood in the stem. Tension and opposite wood showed lower levels of extractives and lignin and higher holocellulose content when compared to normal wood, with favorable wood quality for pulping. The increase in holocellulose content and the reduction of lignin and extractives content contributed positively to a more delignified pulp and reduction of the Kappa number. However, after cooking the reaction wood under the same conditions as those of normal wood, reaction wood pulping tends to have a lower screen yields. Due to differences in basic density and chemical constituents between opposite and normal wood, it is recommended not to designate the opposite wood as normal wood.
ORGANIC MATTER IN AREAS UNDER SECONDARY FORESTS AND PASTURE
Authors: Menezes Carlos Eduardo Gabriel , Guareschi Roni Fernandes , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Balieiro Fabiano Carvalho , Piccolo Marisa de Cássia
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil carbon stock (Stock C) and bulk density, the chemical and granulometric fractions of the organic matter and the isotopic signal of the soil δ13C in forest fragments and a mixed managed pasture (MMP). The study was carried out in the municipality of Pinheiral, State of Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated areas were: fragment of secondary forest in initial stage (SFIS) with 20 years of regeneration; fragment of secondary forest in intermediate stage (SFINS), with 25 years of regeneration; advanced secondary forest fragment (SFAS) with 60 years of regeneration and mixed pasture managed (MHP). The attributes related to soil carbon showed significant responses to the effects of land degradation / recovery processes, especially for the following indicators: total organic carbon, organic matter stock and particulate organic matter. No significant alterations for humic substances, and prevalence of the humin fraction was found. The most significant changes in δ13C values occurred up to the depth of 60 cm. In the grassland area, at 0-10 cm, 67% of the carbon stock comes from C4 plants, reducing in the subsequent layers. In SFINS and SFAS areas, at 0-10 cm, the contribution of C3 plants was significant, with minor changes in depth.
A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR FOREST TRANSPORT ACTIVITY PLANNING
Authors: Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto , Leite Helio Garcia , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Binoti Daniel Henrique Breda , Souza Amaury Paulo de , Santana Antônio Ferraz , Torre Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This study aims to propose and implement a conceptual model of an intelligent system in a georeferenced environment to determine the design of forest transport fleets. For this, we used a multi-agent systems based tool, which is the subject of studies of distributed artificial intelligence. The proposed model considers the use of plantation mapping (stands) and forest roads, as well as information about the different vehicle transport capacities. The system was designed to adapt itself to changes that occur during the forest transport operation process, such as the modification of demanded volume or the inclusion of route restrictions used by the vehicles. For its development, we used the Java programming language associated with the LPSolve library for the optimization calculation, the JADE platform to develop agents, and the ArcGis Runtime to determine the optimal transport routes. Five agents were modelled: the transporter, controller, router, loader and unloader agents. The model is able to determine the amount of trucks among the different vehicles available that meet the demand and availability of routes, with a focus on minimizing the total costs of timber transport. The system can also rearrange itself after the transportation routes change during the process.
EFFECT OF TOPSOIL STOCKPILING ON THE VIABILITY OF SEED BANK IN FIELD PHYTOPHYSIOGNOMIES CAMPOS DE ALTITUDE
Authors: Moraes Railma Pereira , Carvalho Warley Augusto Caldas , Pereira José Aldo Alves , Nascimento Gleisson Oliveira , Barros Dalmo Arantes
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The viability of propagules during topsoil stockpiling is a limiting factor in ecological restoration projects and little is known about the species distributed in the campos de altitude. This work was carried out to investigate the viability of propagules present in the topsoil under campos de altitude vegetation, stockpiled for up to 12 months after the stripping of areas to be mined. In the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between November 2011 and November 2012, four collections of the seed bank were carried out, considering three depths (0 to 10, 90 to 100, and 190 to 200 cm) of the plot of stockpiled topsoil. Using the multivariate analysis, it was verified that the depth factor does not statistically affect the abundance of emerged individuals, while the factor time of stockpiling negatively affects the viability of the seeds. Some species were affected by the stockpiling conditions, only emerging in some collections, while others (Achyrocline satureioides, Ageratum fastigiatum, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Borreria capitata, Echinolaena inflexa and Melinis minutiflora) had individuals emerged in all collection periods. This study points out the need for the return of the topsoil until the fourth month of stocking, under the risk of monodominance, with a prevalence of species more adapted to predominant conditions of campos de altitude.
NEOTROPICAL TREE PRODUCTION: INSIGHTS INTO GERMINATION, GROWTH AND OUTPLANTING FOR Maytenus boaria
Authors: Marro Nicolás , Soteras Florencia , Cofré Noelia , Ibarra Ignacio , Torres Romina , Becerra Alejandra Gabriela , Renison Daniel
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Knowledge about tree production practices is essential to support forest restoration projects, but is still lacking for many tree species. Maytenus boaria is a neotropical tree distributed across the temperate and subtropical South American mountains. In central Argentina, it is mainly restricted to the most preserved forest remnants. Attempts to plant this species have had little success due to difficulties in seedling production and low seedling survival. We set up four trials aiming to identify the constraints of seedling production and outplanting. Under greenhouse conditions, we evaluated (i) pre-germination treatments and (ii) seedling response to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In the field, we planted M. boaria saplings as well as saplings of the most abundant tree in our study site and recorded (iii) survival and height for 10 years. Finally, (iv) we quantified natural recruitment in an attempt to determine M. boaria regeneration niche. Germination varied from 13.1 to 29.2% among treatments. Depulped seeds stratified at 5 ºC showed the highest germination (29.2%). Shoot phosphorus concentration in AMF-treated seedlings was significantly higher (45%) than in non-inoculated seedlings. Survival of M. boaria saplings was similar to that of the most abundant tree in our study site, but their lower height suggested limited growth. We recorded low abundance of M. boaria seedlings in the field; therefore, we were unable to identify the characteristics of its regeneration niche. Reforestation activities should include seed depulping and stratification at 5 ºC to improve germination. The capacity of AMF to enhance nutrition should be evaluated under field conditions.
SITE CLASSIFICATION FOR EUCALYPT STANDS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND MANAGEMENT FEATURES
Authors: Cosenza Diogo Nepomuceno , Soares Alvaro Augusto Vieira , Alcântara Aline Edwiges Mazon de , Silva Antonilmar Araujo Lopes da , Rode Rafael , Soares Vicente Paulo , Leite Helio Garcia
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Several methods have been proposed to perform site classification for timber production. However, there is frequent need to assess site productive capacity before forest establishment. This has motivated the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for site classification. Hereby, the traditional guide curve (GC) procedure was compared to the ANN with no stand measures as input. In addition, different ANN settings were tested to assess the best setting. The variables used to train the ANN were: climatic variables, soil types, spacing and genetic material. The results from the ANN and the GC methods were compared to the observed classes, which were defined using the observed dominant high at the age of seven years. The comparison was performed using the Kappa coefficient (K) and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the cost function “Cross Entropy” and the output activation function “Softmax” were the best for this purpose. The ANN classification resulted in substantial agreement with the observed indices against a moderate agreement of the GC procedure. The change in growth patterns throughout the rotation may have hindered the proper classification by the CG method, which does not happen with the ANN. Moreover, the GC method shows efficiency on classification in cases which data from stands at the age close to the reference age are available. Also, it could be possible to improve its accuracy if another advanced regression techniques were applied. However, the ANN method presented here is not sensible to growth instability and allows classifying sites with no plantation history.
PHENOTYPIC MODELS OF COMPETITION FOR Pinus taeda L GENETIC PARAMETERS ESTIMATION
Authors: Ishibashi Vanessa , Martinez Diego Tyszka , Higa Antonio Rioyei
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the phenotypic models of competition, through spatial analysis in the genetic evaluation of Pinus taeda L progenies. For this, four competition covariates were used to adjust the phenotypic values in a P. taeda progeny test installed in four different locations in the state of Santa Catarina. The test was implemented in randomized block design, with seven repetitions, linear plots containing six plants per plot in 2.5 m x 2.0 m spacing. The test installed in sites A, B, and D present 63 families and site C 53 families. At nine years old, the diameter at the breast height was measured for all individuals. The presence or absence of competition was based on the residual autocorrelation coefficients, which had its significance tested by the Durbin-Watson test. In general, the use of covariates corrected the competition effect. The variances among and within plots, as well as the residual variation coefficient, were reduced. The classification by the genetic effect of the individuals in the progeny test was extremely altered for this data set with and without the use of covariates for sites A and D, as well as the genotype x environment interaction. The use of these two tools is of great importance in the analysis of data in P. taeda progeny tests, since the effects of competition can lead to mistakes in the selection of individuals and in the definition of improvement zones.
PREDICTION SPATIAL PATTERNS OF WINDTHROW PHENOMENON IN DECIDUOUS TEMPERATE FORESTS USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION AND RANDOM FOREST
Authors: Shabani Saeid , Akbarinia Moslem
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Forest management needs to evaluate various hazards where may cause economic or other losses to forest owners. The aim of this study is to prepare windthrow hazard maps based on logistic regression and random forest models in Nowshahr Forests, Mazandaran Province, Iran. First of all, 200 windthrow locations were identified from extensive field surveys and some reports. Out these, 140 (70%) locations were randomly selected as training data and the remaining 60 (30%) cases were used for the validation goals. In the next step, 10 predictive variables such as slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, Topographic Position Index (TPI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), distance to roads and skid trails, wind effect, soil texture, forest type and stand density were extracted from the spatial database. Subsequently, windthrow hazard maps were produced using logistic regression and RF models, and the results were plotted in ArcGIS. Finally, the area under the curves (AUC) and kappa coefficient were made for performance purposes. The validation of results presented that the area under the curve and kappa have a more accuracy for the random forest (97.5%, and 95%, respectively) than logistic regression (96.667%, and 93.333%, respectively) model. Therefore, this technique has more potentiality to be applied in the evaluation of windthrow phenomenon in forest ecosystems. Additionally, both models indicate that the spatial distribution of windthrow incidence likelihood is highly variable in this region. In general, the mentioned findings can be applied for management of future windthrow in favor of economic benefits and environmental preservation.
VARIABILITY AND BALANCE OF CROWN PROJECTION OF TREES PLANTED ON SIDEWALKS OF THREE BRAZILIAN CITIES
Authors: Bobrowski Rogerio , Zamproni Kendra , Maria Tamara Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho , Biondi Daniela
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Tree crown form can be used as a variable to the comprehension of factors that influence tree growth, mainly maintenance practices and interactions with urban structures, but also the potential risks that can exist. In this research, we aimed to evaluate crown projection unbalance of trees planted on sidewalks of three Brazilian cities, in order to determine the existence and the sort of asymmetry and crown angle formed in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We measured the length of four crown projection radii and compared them by means of Kruskal-Wallis Test. Each one of the crowns was framed in one of the four asymmetry classes to verify the uniformity of projection in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We also determined the distance between central axis of the trunk and crown centroid, with respective angle formed, in order to characterize the unbalance of crown projection. There was a significant difference among crown projection radii, with greater values to radius faced to street and the smallest ones faced to buildings. In the three cities evaluated there were a predominance of trees framed on class 3 of asymmetry, which represents the model with the greatest deformations on crown of trees. We observed the lowest mean angle of crown centroid projection with distinctions among species sampled in Bonito.
Understanding mammary activity in red-rumped agouti and implications for management and conservation of this Neotropical game species
Authors: Singh M. D. , Singh S. , Garcia G. W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract The red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) produces precocial young and is the most hunted and farmed game species in several Neotropical countries. An understanding of the reproductive biology, including the relationship between litter size and teat functionality is crucial for conservation management of this animal. In precocial mammals, as the red-rumped agouti, maintaining maternal contact to learn foraging patterns may be more important than the energy demands and nutritional constraints during lactation and suckling may not play important roles when compared to altricial mammals. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the relationship between mammary functionality with litter size, litter birth weight, and parturition number in captive red-rumped agouti. Functionality was assessed by manual palpation of teats from un-sedated females (N=43). We compared the average birth weight of all newborns, male newborns and female newborns among agoutis with different litter sizes and different parturitions by one way ANOVA’s, while Pearson’s Chi-squared tests were used to detect relationships between teat functionality, litter size, and parturition number. Parturition number had no effect on the mean birth weight of all young (F0.822, P > 0.05), male young (F0.80, P > 0.05) or female young (F0.66, P > 0.05) in the litters. We found (i) no significant correlations (P > 0.05) between teat functionality and litter size and (ii) no significant correlations (P > 0.05) between teat functionality and parturition number. This suggests that whilst all teat pairs were functional, functionality was a poor indicator of litter size; suggesting that female agouti young may not have a high dependency on maternal nutrition; an possible evolutionary strategy resulting in large wild populations; hence its popularity as a game species.
Saline water irrigation managements on growth of ornamental plants
Authors: Oliveira Francisco I. F. , Medeiros Wiliana J. F. de , Lacerda Claudivan F. de , Neves Antônia L. R. , Oliveira Davi R.
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Biosaline agriculture is an option for using waters with lower quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of ornamental species under irrigation with increasing water salinity levels in two methods of water application. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, in the municipality of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in split plots, with six levels of water salinity in the plots (0.6 - control, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0 and 3.6 dS m-1), two methods of water application in the subplots (localized and sprinkler irrigation) and four ornamental species in the sub-subplots (Catharanthus roseus, Allamanda cathartica, Ixora coccinea and Duranta erecta), with four replicates. Increase in irrigation water electrical conductivity reduced the growth of the studied ornamental species. It was not possible to establish an ideal method for irrigation of ornamental species. Effects of non-localized irrigation on leaf growth were more evident in the species C. roseus and D. erecta, which showed higher specific leaf area.
Aggregate stability and penetration resistance after mobilization of a dystrocohesive Ultisol
Authors: Tavares Uilka E. , Rolim Mario M. , Simões Neto Djalma E. , Pedrosa Elvira M. R. , Magalhães Adriana G. , Silva Ênio F. de F. e
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Evaluation of mobilized soil profiles can provide important information on soil compaction reduction processes. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in soil penetration resistance and the impact on the aggregate stability of a cohesive Ultisol cultivated with sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at the Carpina Sugarcane Experimental Station (EECAC/UFRPE), located in the city of Carpina, PE. Penetration resistance, mobilized area and depth, and percentage of soil aggregates were evaluated before and after soil tillage. Soil mobilization improved soil aggregate uniformity and decreased penetration resistance in the 0-0.20 m layer. Coarse soil fraction, moisture and organic carbon positively contributed to the increase in soil mobilization.
Estimatation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of melon cultivated in protected environment
Authors: Lozano Cláudia S. , Rezende Roberto , Freitas Paulo S. L. de , Hachmann Tiago L. , Santos Fernando A. S. , Andrean André F. B. A.
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the water consumption and the crop coefficient of melon in a protected environment. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Technical Center of Irrigation of the State University of Maringá, in Maringá, PR. The melon hybrid used was Sunrise and the irrigations were performed daily by drip irrigation. Crop water requirement was quantified based on its evapotranspiration directly measured through constant water table lysimeters. Weather information was collected in an automatic weather station, installed inside the protected environment, which allowed to calculate the reference evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith method. The total water consumption of the melon crop was 295 mm, reaching maximum crop evapotranspiration of 5.16 mm d-1. The phenological stages were shorter in the initial, growth and intermediate phases, compared with the data from FAO. The determined crop coefficients were 0.87, 1.15 and 0.64 for the initial, intermediate and final stages, respectively
Simulation of wheat biomass yield by thermal time, rainfall and nitrogen
Authors: Trautmann Ana P. B. , Silva José A. G. da , Binelo Manuel O. , Scremin Osmar B. , Mamann Ângela T. W De , Bandeira Luiz M.
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Wheat biomass yield focused on the production of quality silage is dependent on rainfall, temperature and nitrogen (N). The objective of the study was to validate the use of rainfall, thermal time and N as potential variables for the composition of the multiple linear regression model and simulation of wheat biomass yield for silage production under N supply conditions during the cycle, in the systems of succession. The study was conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2014, in randomized blocks with four replicates in 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and forms of N supply [single application (100%) in the stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split application (70%/30%) in the stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves); split application (70%/30%) in the stages V3/E (third expanded leaf and beginning of grain filling)], respectively, in the systems soybean/wheat and maize/wheat. Rainfall and N are potential variables in the composition of the multiple linear regression model. Multiple linear regression models are efficient in the simulation of wheat biomass yield for silage under the N supply conditions during the cycle in the succession systems.
Spectral-temporal characterization of wheat cultivars through NDVI obtained by terrestrial sensors
Authors: Cattani Carlos E. V. , Garcia Murilo R. , Mercante Erivelto , Johann Jerry A. , Correa Marcus M. , Oldoni Lucas V.
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Remote sensing applications in agriculture are presented as a very promising reality, but research is still needed for the correct use of spectral data. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spectral-temporal patterns of eleven wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was conducted in Cascavel, PR, in the year 2014. With the help of the GreenSeeker and FieldSpec 4 terrestrial sensors, spectral signatures were determined and the temporal profiles of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were created. Statistical differences between wheat cultivars were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott-Knott test. Grain yields obtained with INSEY (In-Season Estimate of Yield) factors were correlated. NDVI normalized by degree-days accumulated from the Feekes growth stages 2 and 8 showed to be more consistent in the estimation of grain yield, explaining approximately 70% of the variation. At the Feekes stage 10.1, wheat cultivars presented different spectral patterns in the near and medium infrared bands. This suggests that these spectral bands can be used to differentiate wheat cultivars.
Erosive rainfall in the Rio do Peixe Valley in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Part II - Characteristics and temporal distribution pattern
Authors: Back Álvaro J. , Pola Augusto C. , Ladwig Nilzo I. , Schwalm Hugo
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Exploring the characteristics of erosive rain is an important aspect of studying erosive processes, and it allows researchers to create more natural and realistic hydrological simulations. The objective of this study was to analyse the characteristics of erosive rain and to determine the temporal distribution pattern of erosive rainfall in the Valley of Rio do Peixe in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Daily pluviograms from the meteorological stations located in the cities Campos Novos, Videira, and Caçador in Santa Catarina from 1984 to 2014 were utilized for this study. By studying rainfall that is classified as erosive, the values of kinetic energy, maximum intensity in thirty minutes, and the value of EI30 erosivity index were determined. The rainfall was also classified according to the temporal distribution of rainfall in advanced, intermediate, and delayed patterns. Erosive rainfalls occur at a frequency of 53.3% advanced, 31.1% intermediate, and 15.6% delayed patterns. Erosive rainfall has an average precipitation amount of 25.5 mm, duration of 11.1 h, kinetic energy of 5.6 MJ ha-1, maximum intensity of 30 min of 17.7 mm h-1, and erosivity of 206.4 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The highest frequency of erosive rainfall occurred in rainfalls lasting from 6 to 12 h (36.1%), followed by rainfalls lasting from 4 to 6 h (22.4%).
Agro-economic efficiency of polycultures of arugula-carrot-lettuce fertilized with roostertree at different population density proportions
Authors: Oliveira Lenilton A. de A. , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Barros Júnior Aurélio P. , Silva Maiele L. da , Oliveira Ocimara F. N. , Lima Jailma S. S. de
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of agrosystems of two croppings of arugula (A) and two of lettuce (L) intercropped with carrot (C) under different biomass amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil and population density proportions between the component crops. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme. The first factor was made up of the amounts of roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor by the population density proportions of the component crops in the polycultures (50A-50C-50L%, 40A-50C-40L%, 30A-50C-30L% and 20A-50C-20L% of the population recommended for single crops – PRSC). The agro-economic performance of arugula, carrot and lettuce in polyculture was optimized at 25 t ha-1 of roostertree incorporated into the soil. The population density proportions of arugula, carrot and lettuce of 50A-50C-50L% of the PRSC provided the best agro-economic efficiency to the polyculture.
Empirical models in the description of prickly pear shoot (Nopal) drying kinetics
Authors: Pereira Emmanuel M. , Silva Wilton P. da , Gomes Josivanda P. , Silva Cleide M. D. P. da S. e , Formiga Anderson dos S. , Costa Franciscleudo B. da
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the technological process involved in the drying kinetics of fresh-cut prickly pear shoots through numerical and analytical solutions. Shoots of two different prickly pear species were used, ‘Gigante’ and ‘Miúda’. Drying was performed at different temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) and weighing procedures were made continuously. The experimental data were expressed as moisture ratio. The Page model showed the best fit to the drying kinetics of minimally processed ‘Gigante’ and ‘Miúda’ prickly pear shoots, with the best coefficients of determination and Chi-square. Peleg and Wang & Singh models can not be used to simulate the drying of ‘Gigante’ and ‘Miúda’ prickly pear shoots within the evaluated range of temperatures, showing an incoherent graphic pattern.
Coprodutos do óleo de soja na dieta de codornas: impactos sobre a qualidade durante o armazenamento
Authors: Bavaresco Caroline , Ziegler Valmor , Lopes Débora Cristina Nichelle , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Roll Victor Fernando Büttow
Published: November 2017

Resumo O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento (0, 15 e 30 dias) sobre a degradabilidade de nutrientes em dietas formuladas com óleo ácido de soja, suplementadas ou não com lecitina. Oito dietas experimentais foram avaliadas: 1) dieta basal (DB) com 4% de óleo ácido de soja (OAS); 2) DB com 4% OAS + 1% lecitina (LEC); 3) DB com 8% OAS; 4) DB com 8% OAS + 1% LEC; 5) DB com 4% de óleo degomado de soja (ODS); 6) DB com 4% ODS + 1% LEC; 7) DB com 8% ODS; 8) DB com 8% ODS + 1% LEC. Foram coletadas seis amostras de cada dieta para medir a degradabilidade de nutrientes no início, aos 15 e 30 dias de armazenamento. Foram avaliadas a composição química (matéria seca, proteína bruta e extrato etéreo), a acidez livre e o coeficiente de extinção específica (K232 e K270), em todas as dietas. O tempo de armazenamento influenciou o conteúdo de matéria seca, sendo que o tempo zero apresentou as menores médias para os tratamentos 3, 4 e 5. Foi observada interação significativa entre os fatores dieta e tempo, para as variáveis de acidez e coeficientes de extinção. Dietas com óleo ácido de soja apresentaram maior acidez e mais produtos primários e secundários da oxidação do que dietas com óleo degomado de soja. A proteína bruta e o extrato etéreo não foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento, em todas as dietas.
Produção de farinha de banana verde (Musa spp.) para aplicação em pão de trigo integral
Authors: Andrade Bruna Andina , Perius Dóris Back , Mattos Natália Vergara de , Luvielmo Márcia de Mello , Mellado Myriam Salas
Published: November 2017

Resumo A farinha de banana verde (FBV) é uma alternativa viável para o aproveitamento dos frutos e possui alto teor de amido resistente (AR), que apresenta papel fisiológico similar ao das fibras alimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir FBV de dois genótipos de bananeira (Prata e Caturra), além de selecionar aquele com maior teor de AR, para posterior substituição de parte da farinha de trigo integral por FBV, em uma formulação de pão de fôrma integral. Para a produção das farinhas, os frutos foram descascados, cortados em rodelas e estas foram submersas em uma solução de ácido ascórbico e ácido cítrico, sendo então distribuídas em bandejas e secas a 50 °C, por 7 horas, e moídas. As farinhas foram submetidas às análises de composição proximal e determinação do teor de AR. Posteriormente, foram processados pães integrais com a substituição de 10%, 15% e 20% de farinha de trigo integral pela FBV que obteve o maior teor de AR. Os pães controle e aquele que apresentou maior teor de AR e boas características tecnológicas, como volume específico, dureza e cor, foram submetidos aos testes sensoriais de aceitação e intenção de compra. O teor de AR encontrado para as FBV Prata e Caturra foram 24,1% e 13,7%, respectivamente. O pão com substituição de 15% de farinha de trigo integral por FBV foi escolhido para a análise sensorial. As formulações controle e com 15% de FBV atingiram Índices de Aceitação Sensorial de 88,7% e 82,1%, respectivamente. A atitude dos avaliadores foi positiva, segundo a qual 56% dos avaliadores “comprariam frequentemente” ou “comprariam sempre” o pão com 15% de FBV, não tendo sido observada rejeição para nenhuma das formulações.
Decomposição de amostras de cerveja com sistema de refluxo para determinação monoelementar por F AAS/AES e determinação multielementar por MIP OES
Authors: Leão Paulo Roberto Pereira de , Medina Aline Lisbôa , Vieira Mariana Antunes , Ribeiro Anderson Schwingel
Published: November 2017

Resumo Neste trabalho, é descrito o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para análise de amostras de cervejas por técnicas de espectrometria. As amostras foram preparadas por decomposição em meio ácido, em um sistema de refluxo, e as determinações foram realizadas por F AAS (Fe, Mg e Zn), F AES (Na) e MIP OES (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni e Zn). As melhores condições para a decomposição da amostra foram obtidas através de estudo com delineamento composto central rotacional: volume de 10,0 mL de cerveja desgaseificada, adição de 5,0 mL de HNO3 e 2,0 mL H2O2, seguida por uma etapa de aquecimento em bloco digestor a 160 °C, por 93 min. Os limites de quantificação do método foram ≤ 0,100 mg L-1 para todos os elementos investigados, independentemente da técnica analítica utilizada, ficando abaixo, por exemplo, dos valores estipulados para Zn e Ni, pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária do Brasil. Os estudos comparativos entre as diferentes técnicas avaliadas mostraram, pelo teste T com nível de 90% de confiança, que não há diferença significativa para as determinações de Fe, Mg, Na e Zn nas amostras de cerveja. O método de preparo da amostra proposto mostrou ser simples, rápido, de baixo custo e confiável, para análise de cervejas nas diferentes técnicas de espectrometria atômica.
Monitoramento da cadeia do frio: novas tecnologias e recentes avanços
Authors: Spagnol Wigberto Antonio , Silveira Junior Vivaldo , Pereira Ericsem , Guimarães Filho Nelson
Published: November 2017

Resumo A economia, atualmente, é impulsionada pela alta competitividade, exigindo que os setores de produção e logística sejam ágeis, flexíveis e com capacidade de ação para a solução de dificuldades. A logística é de extrema importância para as operações das cadeias de alimentos perecíveis, como carnes, peixes, lácteos, frutas e produtos hortícolas, assim como para determinados produtos da indústria farmacêutica, como vacinas, biomedicamentos e hemoderivados, que necessitam do uso da cadeia do frio devido à sua perecibilidade. A temperatura é o fator mais importante para a conservação da qualidade e manutenção da vida útil destes produtos, sendo a refrigeração um dos métodos mais amplamente utilizados para retardar o desenvolvimento de vários fatores que conduzem à sua deterioração. Dentre os desafios para a melhoria de incertezas da cadeia do frio, há a mitigação de riscos de ruptura da mesma. Sabe-se que há variações inevitáveis das condições de conservação dos produtos durante as etapas da cadeia de frio, as quais causam alteração da vida útil de alimentos perecíveis. Seja no transporte ou nas câmaras frias de armazenagem, há flutuação de temperatura em torno da condição ideal, sendo que ainda hoje, na maioria dos sistemas, o monitoramento da temperatura é realizado por pouquíssimos sensores. Embora poucas tecnologias de monitoração de temperatura sejam utilizadas para inibir os riscos de perda de qualidade e obter a segurança alimentar, estas são utilizadas de forma independente, nos diferentes elos da cadeia logística do frio. Esses desafios têm impulsionado esforços de grupos de pesquisas de países desenvolvidos para o aperfeiçoamento de aplicações de rede de sensores sem fio (RSSF) e de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID), com base em dispositivos sensores. Este trabalho aborda aspectos importantes da aplicação destas novas tecnologias, que são capazes de detectar a condição destes produtos perecíveis em tempo real, durante as operações logísticas, possibilitando evitar a perda, melhorar a qualidade dos produtos perecíveis e reduzir os custos.
DESEMPENHO COGNITIVO DE PRÉ-ESCOLARES COM BAIXA ESTATURA EM TRATAMENTO DE RECUPERAÇÃO NUTRICIONAL
Authors: Silva Thaíse Morais , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , Azevedo Maria de Lourdes da Silva Gomes de , Clemente Ana Paula Grotti , Florêncio Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se o tratamento de crianças com baixa estatura, ofertado em um centro especializado, influencia seu desempenho cognitivo. Métodos: Foram analisados dois grupos de crianças advindas de famílias vulneráveis, um com crianças com baixa estatura em tratamento no Centro de Recuperação e Educação Nutricional (CREN) e outro de crianças eutróficas de uma creche municipal localizada na mesma região do CREN. No CREN, as crianças são tratadas em semi-internato (9 horas/dia, 5 dias/semana), recebendo suporte médico, nutricional e psicopedagógico. Todas foram submetidas ao Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver-II e avaliadas quanto ao índice de estatura-para-idade em 3 momentos distintos: no início do acompanhamento e após 6 e 12 meses. A classificação socioeconômica das crianças, de acordo com os Critérios de Classificação Econômica Brasil, foi feita no início do acompanhamento. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência para a análise transversal da linha de base, por meio de uma regressão de Poisson, e razões de prevalência agrupadas para a análise longitudinal, por meio de um modelo de estimativas de equações generalizadas, ambas ajustadas por idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica. Resultados: Ao todo, 74 crianças foram analisadas, 37 em cada grupo. Não houve diferenças de idade, sexo e classe socioeconômica entre os grupos. Na análise longitudinal, o grupo CREN apresentou melhor desempenho no domínio pessoal-social (razão de prevalência agrupada: 0,89; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95%: 0,82-0,95), sem diferenças significativas para os demais domínios. Conclusão: O tratamento ofertado pelo CREN melhorou satisfatoriamente as habilidades sociais das crianças tratadas, sem alterar os demais domínios.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O EQUILÍBRIO POSTURAL E INDICADORES ANTROPOMÉTRICOS EM ESCOLARES
Authors: Lara Simone , Graup Susane , Balk Rodrigo de Souza , Teixeira Lilian Pinto , Farias Ariane Dias , Alves Giselle Baioco , Leiria Verônica Benachio
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o equilíbrio postural e indicadores antropométricos em escolares do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo que incluiu crianças regularmente matriculadas no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental, de ambos os sexos, na faixa etária de 6 a 7 anos. Foram excluídas as crianças com qualquer incapacidade física ou cognitiva, as que não participaram de todas as etapas de avaliação do estudo ou as que não conseguiram realizar a avaliação do equilíbrio postural. As crianças realizaram uma avaliação do equilíbrio por meio da posturografia dinâmica computadorizada (PDC), por meio dos testes de organização sensorial (TOSs) em seis diferentes condições sensoriais. Para verificar os indicadores antropométricos, foram avaliadas as medidas de peso corporal e estatura, para posterior cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC), sendo este categorizado em quatro grupos: baixo peso, normal, sobrepeso e obesidade. Resultados: Foram incluídas 80 crianças (6,2±0,8 anos), sendo 47 meninas (58,8%). A análise dos indicadores antropométricos identificou 26,3% de escolares com sobrepeso e 15% com obesidade. As crianças apresentaram médias abaixo dos valores de referência considerados para sua faixa etária nas condições III e VI. Foi verificada associação negativa entre a condição V com o IMC e uma associação positiva entre os valores abaixo da normalidade na condição VI com o sobrepeso e a obesidade. Conclusões: Foram verificadas associações entre o excesso de peso corporal e valores abaixo da normalidade em algumas condições do equilíbrio, indicando que os indicadores antropométricos interferiram no equilíbrio postural das crianças.
MODELOS COMPUTACIONAIS FUZZY PARA AVALIAR EFEITOS DA POLUIÇÃO DO AR EM CRIANÇAS
Authors: David Gleise Silva , Rizol Paloma Maria Silva Rocha , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa
Published: November 2017

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir um modelo computacional fuzzy para estimar o número de internações de crianças até 10 anos por doenças respiratórias, com base nos dados de poluentes e fatores climáticos da cidade de São José do Rio Preto, Brasil. Métodos: Foi construído modelo computacional utilizando a lógica fuzzy. O modelo tem 4 entradas, cada uma com 2 funções de pertinência gerando 16 regras, e a saída com 5 funções de pertinência, baseado no método de Mamdani, para estimar a associação entre os poluentes e o número de internações. Os dados de internações, de 2011-2013, foram obtidos no Departamento de Informática do Sistema de Saúde (DATASUS) e os poluentes material particulado (PM10) e dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2), a velocidade do vento e a temperatura foram obtidos pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (Cetesb). Resultados: Foram internadas 1.161 crianças no período analisado, e a média dos poluentes foi 36 e 51 µg/m3 - PM10 e NO2, respectivamente. Os melhores valores da correlação de Pearson (0,34) e da acurácia avaliada pela curva Receiver Operating Characteristic - ROC (NO2 - 96,7% e PM10 - 90,4%) foram para internações no mesmo dia da exposição. Conclusões: O modelo mostrou-se eficaz na predição do número de internações de crianças, podendo ser utilizado como ferramenta na gestão hospitalar da região estudada.
Primum non nocere or primum facere meliorem? Hacking the brain in the 21st century
Authors: Borrione Lucas , Brunoni Andre R.
Published: November 2017

Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical excitability. It is devoid of serious adverse events and exerts variable effects on cognition, with several research findings suggesting that it can improve memory, verbal and mathematical skills. Because tDCS devices are low-cost, portable and relatively easy to assemble, they have become available outside of the medical setting and used for non-medical (“cosmetic”) purposes by laypersons. In this sense, tDCS has become a popular technique aiming to improve cognition and the achievement of a better performance not only at work, but also in other fields such as sports, leisure activities (video games) and even the military. In spite of these unforeseen developments, there has been a general paralysis of the medical and regulatory agencies to develop guidelines for the use of tDCS for cosmetic purposes. Several challenges are present, most importantly, how to restrict tDCS use outside of the medical setting in face of variable and sometimes conflicting results from scientific research. This article aims to describe the popular use of tDCS, in light of the pillars of neuroethics, a branch of bioethics relative to brain research. Between two possible but extreme solutions – total release or total restriction of tDCS – it is paramount to develop a spectrum of alternatives, which may vary over time and in different cultural backgrounds.
Effect of education on listening comprehension of sentences on healthy elderly: analysis of number of correct responses and task execution time
Authors: Silagi Marcela Lima , Rabelo Camila Maia , Schochat Eliane , Mansur Letícia Lessa
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effect of education on sentence listening comprehension on cognitively healthy elderly. Methods A total of 111 healthy elderly, aged 60-80 years of both genders were divided into two groups according to educational level: low education (0-8 years of formal education) and high education (≥9 years of formal education). The participants were assessed using the Revised Token Test, an instrument that supports the evaluation of auditory comprehension of orders with different working memory and syntactic complexity demands. The indicators used for performance analysis were the number of correct responses (accuracy analysis) and task execution time (temporal analysis) in the different blocks. Results The low educated group had a lower number of correct responses than the high educated group on all blocks of the test. In the temporal analysis, participants with low education had longer execution time for commands on the first four blocks related to working memory. However, the two groups had similar execution time for blocks more related to syntactic comprehension. Conclusion Education influenced sentence listening comprehension on elderly. Temporal analysis allowed to infer over the relationship between comprehension and other cognitive abilities, and to observe that the low educated elderly did not use effective compensation strategies to improve their performances on the task. Therefore, low educational level, associated with aging, may potentialize the risks for language decline.
“Os alunos teriam que estudar para poder comprar comida”: a escola guarani como necessidade, obrigação e direito
Authors: GUEROLA CARLOS MAROTO
Published: November 2017

RESUMO O presente trabalho busca problematizar a visão ocidental de educação enquanto direito humano universal, contrapondo-a às reivindicações guarani à escolarização enquanto direito intercultural. O trabalho parte de uma fundamentação teórica que discute a deslegitimação e o silenciamento das populações indígenas em virtude de suas diferenças em relação ao padrão de experiência e conhecimento ocidentais, assim como a relação dessa deslegitimação e silenciamento com a imposição da necessidade e obrigação universais à escolarização. Com base em uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, são interpretados discursos que servem de insumos para caracterizar o direito intercultural guarani à escolarização, assim como as funções, responsabilidades e práticas de conhecimento que cabem à educação escolar diferenciada guarani do ponto de vista dos professores indígenas da escola da comunidade do Tekoa Itaty, ou aldeia do Morro dos Cavalos (Palhoça/SC).
Durkheim, Rawls e a educação moral
Authors: ROHLING MARCOS
Published: November 2017

RESUMO O objetivo do presente texto é apresentar as versões de Durkheim e de Rawls a respeito da educação moral. Para tanto, o texto será estruturado como se segue: em primeiro lugar, discorrer-se-á sobre a concepção de educação moral durkheimiana, externalizando os elementos básicos da moralidade para as escolas públicas de uma sociedade democrática e laica, tal como se encontra em L’éducation morale, evidentemente relacionando-a à sua teoria moral; em segundo lugar, apresentar-se-á a educação moral como Rawls a concebe, no contexto da formação e desenvolvimento do senso de justiça, por meio dos três estágios correspondentes, como descritos em Uma teoria da justiça; em terceiro lugar, finalmente, contrastar-se-ão as duas teorias, acenando para convergências, assim como possíveis divergências, indicando que os autores, apesar de críticos, mutatis mutandis, demonstram certa simpatia em relação a Kant, de modo que adotam algumas de suas ideias.