bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role and Place of Private Companies Offering People and Property Protection Services in the Slovak Internal Security System
Authors: Dworzecki Jacek
Published: September 2018

The paper discusses the role and place of private companies offering services related to people and property protection in the Slovak internal security system. The paper outlines the Slovak system of internal security, its institutions, entities and formations and presents organizational and legal basis for functioning of private security entities in the Slovak Republic. Additionally, the paper presents procedures of applying for a license which entitles the holder to start a business in the security sector and to perform tasks written down in the catalogue of services for private security industry. The text is completed with statistics related to the activities of private security companies with respect to security and public order in Slovakia. The paper was prepared as a part of a research and innovation project within operational project Horizon (2020-FCT-2015, No: 700688) Understand the Dimensions of Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks for Developing Effective and Efficient Security Solutions for First-line-practitioners and Professionals.
EDUCATIONAL ASSUMPTIONS
OF THE PERMANENT EXHIBITION
IN THE PAN TADEUSZ MUSEUM
IN WROCŁAW AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Szeląg Marcin
Published: September 2018

Since 2016 the Pan Tadeusz Museum of the
Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław has been opened
to the public. It is dedicated to the national epic poem – the
most acknowledged piece of literature by Adam Mickiewicz,
titled Pan Tadeusz, published for the first time in 1834. It
also presents the reception of the poem, longevity of ideas
started in Romanticism and the legacy of freedom in the
history of Poland in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The investment was co-financed from the European
budget within the project named The Pan Tadeusz Museum –
an innovative space – education through culture. The project
was based on the idea to create a museum of educational
character, with the use of museum exhibits, multimedia
presentations, and infrastructure necessary for a modern
arrangement of the exhibition. Given these assumptions,
the team of educators, mostly with long-term practice as
museum professionals, prepared the permanent exhibition.
Their practical experience, plus theoretical bases for
educational goals they referred to, together with a subject
of the exhibition that focuses on an exceptional masterpiece
in the history of Polish culture, i.e. the Manuscript of Pan
Tadeusz, determined decisions pertaining to selection of
exhibits, content of multimedia applications, inscriptions
under the exhibits and titles of individual rooms, the range
of themes for audio guides as well as materials and facilities
for visitors with disabilities.
In the article the permanent exhibition “The Manuscript
of Pan Tadeusz” is described from the perspective of
narration applied and educational assumptions it was based
upon. It is then referred to a museological reflection which
analyses an educational potential of museum exhibitions,
interpretation practices and strategies of narration carried
out by museums through exhibitions and educational
activities.
The Preclassic Period
Authors: Bond-Freeman Tara
Published: September 2018

Chapter 10 examines the beginnings of the residential settlement pattern for the late Middle Preclassic Period at Ek Balam, in northeast Yucatan. It also offers a discussion of the transition to the Late Preclassic period and information about the transition of village life toward urban origins during this ancient time at the site. The Middle Preclassic ceramic assemblage is similar to others in the northern Maya lowlands and the data suggests a dispersed settlement pattern with hints at a site-wide construction standard. Also of interest is that the archaeological data suggests paired structures. During the Late Preclassic there is a gradual shift in the settlement pattern including possible nucleation on the eastern side. There is also no longer evidence for paired structures.
At the Foot of the Hills
Authors: Gallareta Negrón Tomás
Published: September 2018

This contribution is about Xocnaceh, an early Yucatecan site with monumental architecture located on the edge of the Puuc escarpment. A program of excavations at the Acropolis, a trapezoidal basal platform whose surviving volume exceeds 100,000 m3, has identified building episodes and artifacts dating from the Middle Preclassic Period (800-300 B.C.) This chapter focuses on the evidence for identifying the construction stages and the associated artifacts useful for dating these contexts and for inferring commercial contacts outside the region. Instead of pyramidal temples or funerary monuments, these early structures were designed to accomodate large numbers of people, at least on special occasions. These great complexes with large open spaces suggest that social differences had not yet hardened suffiently for restricting social interaction.
El Achiotal
Authors: Acuña Mary Jane
Published: September 2018

This chapter summarizes the archaeological and iconographic evidence from Structure 5C-01 that indicate rulership was established at the small center of El Achiotal in the Late Preclassic period. The symbolic vocabulary at El Achiotal suggests rulers were knowledgeable of the widespread ideology that was being institutionalized in the southern Maya lowlands as well as the more ancient symbolic vocabulary that represented the institution of kingship developed by the Middle Preclassic at La Venta and other centers in Mexico. Variables such as geographic location and control over knowledge provided Late Preclassic centers with leverage to negotiate their status and power within the broader regional geopolitics, thus challenging conventional models used to understand early political authority and its organization over the landscape.
Conclusion
Authors: Brown M. Kathryn , Bey George J.
Published: September 2018

In this concluding chapter, Brown and Bey summarize the contributions to the volume and provide an updated synthesis of the development of ancient Maya civilization from the Preceramic to the Middle and Late Preclassic. The similarities and differences between regions in the Maya lowlands are highlighted in regards to ceramics, craft specialization, ritual, and architecture. This chapter concludes with a list of problems for consideration for future research pertaining to the Preclassic Maya.
Introduction
Authors: Mulrooney Margaret M.
Published: September 2018

Mulrooney introduces the 1998 commemoration of the Wilmington “race riot” and the three structures of human experience that materialized most clearly: racial identity (who is considered white or black); civic identity (how spaces and places shape residents’ sense of communal belonging or alienation); and collective memory (who controls a community’s shared heritage). The chapters proceed chronologically, rather than thematically, in order to emphasize how seemingly discrete activities, events, and conflicts actually connect over a long period to reveal patterns of behavior and how these patterns influenced the disputes that accompanied the 1998 commemoration. The central aim of this book is to use lessons from Wilmington to illuminate and mitigate the broader power struggle that affects so many public-history projects today.
Port in a Storm, 1840–1880
Authors: Mulrooney Margaret M.
Published: September 2018

This chapter outlines the dramatic changes underway in Wilmington and in North Carolina during this period. Wilmington’s white elite actively embraced progress, becoming more and more pro-business and industry even as they maintained ties to agricultural production and plantation culture. At the same time, a white middle class emerged that included newcomers from the north and Europe as well as homegrown entrepreneurs. Industrial activity was not only integral to the port city’s development as a distinctive place, but it sparked spatial, social, economic, political, and cultural changes that helped free and enslaved blacks to resist their oppression. By 1850, the city’s most progressive, forward-thinking whites were struggling to maintain their supremacy and so they looked, ironically, to the past, especially remembrances of the colonial era as well as traditional modes of organized violence. During the stormy years of sectional crisis, southern rebellion, and Reconstruction, these efforts increased dramatically, but so did black Wilmingtonians’ use of similar methods to gain freedom and citizenship.
Soundings
Authors: Mulrooney Margaret M.
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes the planning of the 1998 public history commemoration of the 1898 Wilmington massacre. From the beginning, the centennial’s planners intended their project to “heal the wound” by “telling the story” of 1898 and “honoring the memory” of the tragedy with social and economic justice initiatives in the present. But despite the commemoration’s successes, key stakeholders among the white elite never even accepted its conservative goals, while public support for the more revolutionary ones never coalesced. During the commemoration, competing notions of history and long-submerged collective memories all became public, each conflict sounding differently the depth of racial inequality at the turn of the twenty-first century.
The Archaeology of Chichen Itza
Authors: Volta Beniamino , May Nancy Peniche , Braswell Geoffrey E.
Published: September 2018

This chapter is a comprehensive overview of research at Chichen Itza written from an archaeological perspective. The authors present a historical review of excavations, settlement pattern studies, the interpretation of ethnohistoric sources, and the decipherment of hieroglyphic texts. They also discuss some of the main points of contention in Chichen Itza archaeology: its ceramic and architectural sequences, the timing of the end of construction, and the question of whether to consider it a Terminal Classic or Postclassic site. Based upon a careful consideration of multiple lines of evidence—including new data about ceramics, stratigraphy, and paleoclimatology—they conclude by offering a succinct picture of the urban growth of Chichen Itza, the development of its artistic and architectural programs, and its interactions with surrounding sites.
K’ak’ Upakal K’inich K’awil and the Lords of the Fire
Authors: de Heredia Eduardo Pérez , Bíró Péter
Published: September 2018

This chapter integrates ceramics, stratigraphy, epigraphy, and careful readings of ethnohistoric sources to propose a historical reconstruction of Chichen Itza, focused particularly on the ninth century. The authors reject the partial and total overlap models for Chichen Itza construction and settlement and argue for the sequential construction of architecture in the Late Classic, Puuc, and International styles. Focusing on the individual named K’ak’ Upakal, the authors reconstruct the activities of this early ruler, his relatives and his court and the rituals at the core of Chichen’s ceremonial life.
The Castillo-sub at Chichen Itza
Authors: Miller Virginia E.
Published: September 2018

Despite its prominent position at the center of Chichen Itza’s Great Terrace, the Castillo remains poorly documented and poorly understood. Reviewing the earliest descriptions and explorations of the structure, as well as more recent discoveries, this chapter addresses the function, meaning, and dating of this building and its substructure. Its placement (possibly over a cenote) and orientation in relation to topographical features and astronomical phenomena are also addressed. The inner Castillo and its varied offerings, found intact in the 1930s, is examined in some detail. The author argues that the temple chamber, with its chacmool, jaguar throne, and femurs imbedded in the walls, could have been the setting for sacrificial rituals. This pyramid or an even earlier substructure may have been a royal burial place, with the final construction (in the tenth century) giving the building a more public, calendrical role closely connected to the cult of the Feathered Serpent.
Introduction
Authors: Hooper Glenn
Published: September 2018

While the term “heritage” conjures up for many people an almost bewildering range of impressions, some of them a little vague, many of them comforting and pleasurable, the meanings conveyed can provoke various and often unexpected outcomes. Associated with identity, ownership, or possibly a sense of belonging, heritage can sometimes work like an opiate, a balm to be clung to in times of social, technological, or political upheaval. Although this benign interpretation of heritage can certainly act in the interests of social cohesion, focus communal energies, and distil complicated and often contested histories into manageable units, there are times when heritage can also appear more divisive and threatening. When clothed in the language of public history, for example, heritage suggests accessibility, tolerance, and inclusivity, and connects not just with the thoughtful care of a nation’s visual and material culture but also with a form of narrative healing....
Consuming the Contested Heritage of War
Authors: Iles Jennifer
Published: September 2018

This chapter looks specifically at the Somme region, which for many years has remained one of the most popular areas of the former front lines for battlefield tourists. The author begins by exploring how the complex notions of British and English national identities are bound up with tourists’ emotional attachments toward the battlefields and then moves on to discuss collective remembrance of the war and the ongoing dialectic between the need to remember and the need to forget wartime experience
Unstable Foundations?
Authors: Boswell Rosabelle
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers the legacy of grand narrative thinking in Mauritius, insofar as heritage management is concerned. Mauritius, an island of the southwest Indian Ocean, has a long history of colonization and marginalization. Thus the experience of heritage and heritage management there is valuable to global discussions on heritage “at the interface,” because the place provides examples of the intersection between a globalized and grand narrative of heritage management and a rapidly evolving, multicultural, and unstable space in which identity is continuously being constructed.
Imagining the Next Day
Authors: Naidoo Roshi
Published: September 2018

If popular culture shapes subjectivity in an individualized and collective sense, popular music heritage must affect “meaning-making” in the present. In examining the battle for meaning within music heritage displays, the author considers two things. First, how and why subversion, resistance, creative dissent, and the imaginative possibilities of identity are reconfigured within a consensual national narrative. Second, how some heritage expressions resist such containment by signaling the power of identity to facilitate both present and future rebellion.
Dancing in Africa
Authors: Osumare Halifu
Published: September 2018

Chapter 5 records the author’s bold move to Ghana, West Africa for nine months to study and research the basis of black dance in the Americas. She studies the curriculum of the School of Music, Dance, and Drama (SMDD) at the University of Ghana, Legon, under the ethnomusicologist Dr. Kwabena Nketia and the dance ethnologist Professor Albert Opoku. She examines the development of the internationally touring Ghana Dance Ensemble. She also explores her personal relationships with other African Americans and Ghanaians to further interrogate race and blackness from the point of view of living in West Africa. She reminisces about how her dance fieldwork in five regions of Ghana and her excursion to Togo and Nigeria broadened her perspective on herself as African American in Africa.
Dancing in Oakland and Beyond, 1977–1993
Authors: Osumare Halifu
Published: September 2018

As the longest section, chapter 6 covers sixteen years of the author’s career as dancer, choreographer, dance educator, and arts administrator. During this period, she solidified her reputation in the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Area as a leader in the growing black dance and multicultural arts movements when she founds the non-profit dance institution Everybody’s Creative Arts Center (ECAC). She assess her development as a dancer-choreographer, discussing some of her key dance works as well as the creation of the center’s resident dance company, CitiCentre Dance Theatre, which was an important contemporary dance company that operated from 1983 to 1988. She also explores her simultaneous adjunct dance position at Stanford University and several of her choreographic and directorial commissions. The chapter articulates how, in 1989, her accumulated artistic and administrative experience culminated in her founding a major national initiative in black dance: Black Choreographers Moving Toward the 21st Century. She concludes with how she eventually transitioned from the arts to academia after going to graduate school, and how dance and “writing dancing” are similar.
Maintaining the Military
Authors: Roache-Fedchenko Amy
Published: September 2018

The objects most often used within the frontier setting during the eighteenth century were made of metal. The blacksmith was instrumental in repairing and producing metal objects required to support daily life. At the French, and subsequently British, militarized trading post of Fort Michilimackinac, the diverse community residing within and surrounding the fort would have relied upon the blacksmith to maintain axes, traps, saws, and other metal implements within the isolated frontier setting. Archaeological data and historic documents describe the use, trade, and demand for iron products at the fort and are used here to better understand the blacksmith and his work within the fur trade and frontier contexts of the 18th century. Spatial and portable X-ray fluorescence analyses of recovered axes are used to examine the complex civilian and military relationships with the blacksmith at Fort Michilimackinac.
Tracing the Fur Trade
Authors: Cromwell Robert J.
Published: September 2018

The origins of historical archaeology in the Pacific Northwest of North America in the mid-twentieth century concentrated on the excavations of British terrestrial fur trade forts, but little synthesis and inter-site comparisons of available data has been completed. This chapter presents a comparative typological analysis of these early-nineteenth-century British and Chinese ceramic wares recovered from the Northwest Company’s Fort Okanogan (ca. 1811–1821), Fort Spokane (ca. 1810–1821), Fort George (ca. 1811–1821) and the Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver (ca. 1825–1860). This study helps to reveal the extent that early Victorian ideals gave precedence to the supply of British manufactured goods to these colonial outposts on the opposite side of the world and what the presence of these ceramic wares may reveal about the complex interethnic relationships and socioeconomic statuses of the occupants of these forts and the Native Americans who engaged in trade with these forts.
What We Learned
Authors: Bratten John R. , Cozzi Joseph , Scott-Ireton Della A. , Smith Roger C. , Spirek James D. , Worth John E.
Published: September 2018

Based on field, laboratory, and archival research, discoveries made at the shipwreck systematically told their stories, allowing the wrecked ship and its remains to be closely dated and identified as part of the Luna fleet that sank in 1559 during a violent hurricane in Pensacola Bay. At that time, the ship was a veteran of transatlantic trade, subsequently joining the Luna expedition as one of the larger vessels carrying people and their supplies to Florida.
Graphically Modeling the Prehistory of Regional Interactions in the Moquegua Valley, Southern Peru
Authors: Costion Kirk E. , Green Ulrike Matthies
Published: September 2018

The Cross-Cultural Interaction Model was first developed specifically to help model the cultural interactions taking place in the Moquegua Valley of Southern Peru during the culturally dynamic early Middle Horizon. This chapter highlights the flexibility of the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model by using it to illustrate how regional interactions changed throughout the prehistoric sequence of this region. The Moquegua drainage is the easiest route from the highlands of the Southern Titicaca altiplano to the Pacific Ocean; in addition the middle Moquegua Valley is ideal for large-scale maize agriculture. As a result, regional interactions have been an integral element in this region’s cultural evolution. Starting with the Archaic Period and continuing through the Late Intermediate Period this chapter graphically explores the nature of the regional interactions that took place in each time period and how these interactions shaped the cultural landscape of the Moquegua Valley over time
Selling “The Sunshine State”
Authors: Watkins Jerry T.
Published: September 2018

In order to capitalize on local particularities, there was no single blueprint for selling Florida. “The Sunshine State” was both a descriptor of the weather and a hint at the imagined possibilities; but there was also a set of enforcement mechanisms that sought to maintain this hologram of paradise. This chapter lays bare the careful construction of Florida as a product to be sold on the increasingly competitive tourism market. This chapter examines both the image and the support/enforcement structure to show how “The Sunshine State” was deliberately crafted through promotion to outsiders, advice on good citizenship to residents, and selective enforcement of morality through agencies such as the John's Committee. “The Sunshine State” was a product, it was a destination, and it was a dream, but queer men and women were not welcome.
From Redneck to Gay Riviera
Authors: Watkins Jerry T.
Published: September 2018

Though LGBTQ people had lived and vacationed in the area for decades, it was not until the mid 1970s that they began to conceive of the region as an LGBTQ vacation destination. Marketing had created “The Sunshine State” and the proliferation of print media coupled with a growing recognition of pink capital begin to craft the “Gay Gulf Coast.” The Fiesta Room Lounge in Panama City became definitively gay, the South’s first chapter of the Gay Liberation Front was established in Tallahassee, and Pensacola again played host to LGBT beach events during Memorial Day. In 1993, as the culture wars raged nationally, gay and lesbian tourists in Pensacola found themselves in the crosshairs of moral entrepreneurs attempting to capitalize on the growing conservative evangelical movement with a return to straight, white, wholesome, family-friendly tourism promotion. The response of local businesses evidences a profound attitudinal shift from earlier decades, a direct result of increasing LGBTQ visibility and their growing status as citizen consumers.
Why the Archaeology of Everyday Matters?
Authors: Price Sarah E. , Carr Philip J.
Published: September 2018

This chapter functions as an introduction to the volume; it highlights previous, related work and argues why using the “everyday” as a guiding theme is useful. The idea of “everyday matters” has two meanings: either it can refer to daily concerns or events that are common and ordinary or it can demonstrate that actions which occur daily or “every day” are of significance, that such actions matter. Because, from an archaeological perspective, common concerns reveal something about the lives of the people we investigate, we propose that the archaeological record is formed on a daily basis. Thus, while fostering a degree of holism in archaeology, an everyday framework allows specialists to remain specialized. Used in a myriad of ways, this framework broadens perspectives; posits new questions; presents testable hypotheses; and, perhaps because it operates on a shared scale, brings some level of consilience to southeastern archaeology.
When the Levee Breaks
Authors: Miller D. Shane , Tune Jesse
Published: September 2018

This chapter offers an examination of complexity theory and everyday decision-making in the Paleoindian Period and its effects on the archaeological record. Using several studies, the authors argue that the variation in how people learned knapping at quarry sites led to the regionalization of projectile point styles, and that everyday microeconomic decisions about what to eat, where to live, and what tools to use generated macro-scale patterns concerning people adapting to climate change, and in particular the Younger Dryas. Finally, the authors argue that decisions made by hunters to take advantage of species clustered and stranded by floods could have altered their long-term availability during the Younger Dryas.
The Everyday Archaeologist Matters
Authors: Price Sarah E. , Carr Philip J.
Published: September 2018

Archaeology has many goals, and those goals may differ depending on your theoretical paradigm. These aims vary from bringing order to an incomplete and imperfect record of people in the past, to distilling the actions of the past in order to understand not only cultural changes but also the reasons those change occurred, to synthesizing this information to predict human behavior through laws, and to using the past to better the future of humanity. Thinking about the everyday broadens perspectives, posits new questions, presents testable hypotheses, and, perhaps because it is measured on a shared scale, brings some level of consilience to southeastern archaeology. In this chapter, the authors discuss three opportunities for making archaeology relevant: writing palatably, scaling interactions, and engaging people with their past by bringing archaeology into their everyday lives.
Key to the New World
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Luis
Published: September 2018

Key to the New World is the first comprehensive English-language history of early colonial Cuba published in the last 100 years. It is divided into eight chapters that cover a range of topics since the island’s geological formation up to 1700, including geography; the indigenous inhabitants; first encounters between Europeans and Amerindians (otherwise known as the discovery of the New World); the conquest and colonization of Cuba; demographic realities such as race, gender, and social structure; cultural developments such as transculturation; piracy and other forms of aggression; slavery; and sugar production.
Indigenous Inhabitants
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Luis
Published: September 2018

This chapter offers a dynamic overview of pre-Columbian Cuba that reflects the most recent scholarship and archaeological research. It discusses different theories about the island’s initial peopling, subsequent migrations, and interactions among indigenous inhabitants of Cuba and other parts of the circum-Caribbean. It seeks to facilitate an understanding of the many overlapping (often bewildering) categorizations and terminologies that have been used to classify different indigenous groups, including Palaeolithic and Neolithic levels of development; and Casimiroid, Ostionoid and related classifications. It concludes with an overview of pre-Columbian Tainos’ society, religion, and agriculture.
The Cuban Ajiaco
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Luis
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the complex manifold hybrid cultural manifestations stemming from the human interactions discussed in the previous chapter. The chapter recurs to Fernando Ortiz’s ajiaco (Cuban stew) metaphor as representative of the syncretic or hybrid culture forged by transculturation among Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans. The chapter brings to life the stories of different characters that are emblematic of creolization and transculturation in religion and burial practices, food and diet, and music.
Deceivingly Sweet
Authors: Martínez-Fernández Luis
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the nature of the sugar plantation as a distinctive socio-economic system characterized by the sugar and slavery binomial. It also discusses slave and free black resistance to that system. The emergence of Cuba’s first sugar plantations, I argue, while transformative, did not turn the island upside down (or right side up), as was the case in islands such as Barbados. That said, Cuba’s early “sugar revolt” had the same kind of injurious repercussions of “sugar revolutions” throughout the region: the expansion of African slavery and manifold destructive, even evil, economic and social ramifications.
Carvalho Yeo and the 1928 Hong Kong Treasury Swindle
Authors: Munn Christopher
Published: September 2018

In 1928 Carvalho Yeo was accused of stealing more than a quarter of a million dollars from the Government Treasury through an elaborate cheque fraud. Yeo was traced to Shanghai and brought back to Hong Kong, where, after a sensational trial before the Supreme Court, he was convicted and sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment. His actions exposed chaotic management in the Treasury and brought into question the competence of senior government officials. Carvalho Yeo was a man of ‘mysterious antecedents and doubtful nationality’ – a criminal wanted by police in other Asian cities before he came to Hong Kong. Possibly of ‘Sino-Siamese’ origins, he presented himself by turns as a Chinese, a Portuguese, and a British subject, and deployed various aliases, fictional partners, and fake companies to carry out his plans. His story fascinated the Hong Kong public as much as it embarrassed the authorities. The chapter asks what Yeo’s manipulation of identities tells us about relations between the communities in early twentieth-century Hong Kong and suggests that, while racial divides were real and often rigid, individual choices sometimes challenged this rigidity, even – as in Carvalho Yeo’s case – to the point of making a farce out of the divides.
From Single Motherhood to Queer Reproduction
Authors: Wu Chia-ling
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the regulatory trajectory of access to assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Taiwan since 1980s. The analysis focused on how diverse governing activities validate, challenge, or shape the social relationship at the intersection of gender, sexuality, and heteronormativity. Heternomativity and the discourse of absent fatherhood have reigned so that Taiwan has, from the first ethical guidelines in 1986 to the Human Reproduction Law in 2007, continued to prohibit unmarried women from using ART. Despite the legal exclusion, single women, lesbians and gays did gain access to ART secretly in Taiwan, and more openly abroad. Medical doctors, encountering these excluded women users in their clinics, once lobbied for their legal inclusion in the 2000s, with the rationale centering on women’s desire for motherhood —an acclaimed femininity. By comparison, women’s groups have been seldom involved with the access politics, for their agenda against compulsory motherhood and medicalization of women’s reproductive bodies. Since the mid-2000s, advocacy of queer reproduction, particularly lesbian motherhood, actively shared the information of ART use, and asked for legal inclusion. Their aim to reorder the sexuality hierarchy by asking for reproductive rights makes this unthinkable and unimagined group in early stage of policy-making become the strongest force in reconfiguring the politics of access to ART in Taiwan.
Staging Revolution
Authors: Fan Xing
Published: September 2018

This book offers a close examination of the artistry and aesthetics in model jingju. The author contextualizes model jingju by tracing its trajectory of political interaction from the 1930s to the 1970s and in modern jingju’s gradual rise to the pinnacle of socialist culture construction in the PRC. This study features detailed analyses of the five major artistic components of model jingju’s final productions—playwriting, acting, music, design, and directing, paying close attention to how each is associated with traditional practices while also contributing to innovative experiments. The author adopts a new approach to theatrical aesthetics—how the major artistic aspects interact with each other, arguing that the consistency and discrepancy in model jingju’s style often have deep roots in its conformity to and deviation from the aesthetic principles of jingju, and that the overarching creative directive, the Combination of Revolutionary Realism and Revolutionary Romanticism, is a flawed premise for model jingju. This study features practitioners’ first-person accounts of their creative process, which contributes to new understandings of the lived experience of producing model jingju that, while a harrowing journey of coping with political interference, was also filled with inspiration and excitement.
Disagreement, Peerhood, and Compromise
Authors: Zuolo Federico , Bistagnino Giulia ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: September 2018

This paper addresses the problem of pluralism in democratic societies, by exploiting some insights from the debate about the epistemology of disagreement. First, by focusing on the permissibility of experiments on nonhuman animals for research purposes, we provide an epistemic analysis of deep normative disagreements. We understand that to mean disagreements in which epistemic peers disagree about both the substantive content of an ethical issue and the correct justificatory reasons for their contrary claims. Second, we argue for a compromise solution in which the reasons for reaching it are not prudential but grounded on the recognition of epistemic peerhood.
Le tourisme littéraire, lire entre les lieux
Authors: Fournier Mauricette , Le Bel Pierre-Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Proposer un numéro thématique sur le tourisme littéraire à Téoros – Revue de recherche en tourisme avait pour
objectifs explicites de contribuer à apporter une lisibilité au concept et à ses
pratiques, de susciter l’intérêt des chercheurs en tourisme et, pourquoi pas,
les inciter à investir un champ encore peu documenté dans l’aire francophone.
Les potentiels terrains de jeu ne manquent pas, en effet, au moment où la
demande croissante des touristes pour des pratiques expérientielles (Camus,
2014 ; Gombault et Bourgeon-Renault, 2014) rencontre les initiatives d’acteurs
de plus en plus nombreux, tant publics que privés, cherchant par le biais de la
valorisation de la ressource littéraire à distinguer leurs territoires et/ou
leurs activités dans un contexte d’exacerbation de la concurrence.
Le tourisme littéraire à Séville : exotisme, identité, marketing
Authors: Galant Ivanne
Published: September 2018

Cet article s’interroge sur les origines et les avatars du
tourisme littéraire dans la capitale andalouse. La ville propose un cadre
particulièrement propice à cette pratique : plusieurs écrivains de renom en sont
originaires et Séville est le décor de nombreux textes littéraires. Pensons à
des œuvres espagnoles comme celles de Miguel de Cervantes, mais aussi à
l’intérêt que la capitale andalouse a suscité chez des écrivains français,
Prosper Mérimée étant sans doute le plus représentatif. Si ce type de tourisme
s’est développé de manière institutionnelle dans les années 2000, il est
l’aboutissement d’un long processus encouragé dès le XIXe siècle dans les premiers guides de voyage. De suggestion subjective
à pratique officielle, on verra que le tourisme littéraire a pris et prend
plusieurs formes – plaques commémoratives, statues, itinéraires balisés,
publications spécifiques. S’il parvient à lier indéfectiblement fiction et réel
en introduisant du littéraire dans le référent et en mettant en exergue les
aspects référentiels dans les textes littéraires, la littérature comme produit
touristique peut alors être considérée comme la caution culturelle d’un projet
relevant du marketing.
Victoriano García Martí et les origines du tourisme littéraire à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle
Authors: Fuentes Ríos Arantxa
Published: September 2018

Chaque ville littéraire attire un tourisme différent. C’est à partir de l’étude de cas de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle que nous nous attarderons sur la convergence de sujets idéologique, ethnographique et littéraire dans la construction d’une ville littéraire. Depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, différents acteurs ont façonné un modèle de ville dont les visiteurs n’étaient plus les pèlerins, mais les voyageurs lettrés. Parmi ce vaste groupe, nous nous attarderons sur Victoriano García Martí, précurseur de la conception de la ville en termes de tourisme littéraire. L’analyse de ses écrits, tant ses textes journalistiques que ses essais, montrera à quel point ce modèle de ville littéraire surgit des questions aussi bien idéologiques que littéraires. Nous analyserons ensuite les parcours littéraires proposés par García Martí en lien avec la célèbre écrivaine Rosalía de Castro. Tout au long de cette deuxième partie, une représentation cartographique, qui s’appuie sur le système d’information géographique (SIG), permettra d’observer l’interaction entre réalité et discours littéraire dans les itinéraires littéraires proposés par García Martí.
Quels services écosystémiques
culturels sont produits par des citoyens et quelles valeurs y
associent-ils ?
Authors: Bally Frédéric
Published: September 2018

À l’heure où la crise n’est plus seulement économique, mais aussi
sociale et environnementale, le bien-être et le bien-vivre en ville deviennent
une question primordiale, tant pour les individus que pour l’action publique.
Depuis quelques années, la solution semble passer par la nature et la
biodiversité qui sont capables d’agir contre la pollution et les dépressions,
par exemple. Les institutions locales, tout comme les citoyens, mettent ainsi en
place un ensemble de services écosystémiques, principalement culturels, en
réintroduisant notamment la nature, sous différentes formes, en ville. En nous
appuyant sur une définition précise et établie de ces services écosystémiques,
la réflexion qui suit vise à mettre en avant la diversité des services
écosystémiques mis en place par les citoyens, tout en interrogeant leurs impacts
sous toute leur diversité. En cours de chemin, nous analysons les
représentations inhérentes à ces services ainsi que les points de divergences
avec les institutions locales, pour voir si ces services relèvent d’une
coproduction sur le territoire lyonnais.
Les services écosystémiques en ville, ou l’opportunité d’une réconciliation entre les humains et la nature
Authors: Brunet Lucas
Published: September 2018

Cet article propose de comprendre comment la notion de services écosystémiques fonctionne de manière affective en milieu urbain. Les affects apparaissent ciblés et façonnés par un pouvoir qui cherche à rendre la présence de la nature en ville attractive et désirable. Ils contribuent à produire une nature et des sujets singuliers. À partir d’une étude de cas portant sur la Mission Économie de la Biodiversité et sur deux entreprises bailleuses de foncier, l’article montre que l’action du dispositif des services écosystémiques s’accompagne d’une réconciliation entre l’humain et la nature, d’une promesse de bien-être et d’un sens de l’opportunisme.

This article aims to find out how the notion of ecosystem services operates affectively in an urban context. Affects appear to be targeted and shaped by powers that seek to render the presence of nature attractive and desirable in cities. They produce a singular nature and specific subjects. Drawing on a case study of an organization bringing together economy and biodiversity and two lessor companies, the article highlights that the actions of the device of ecosystem services are accompanied by a reconciliation between humans and nature, a promise of well-being and a sense of opportunism.
Usages et représentations des délaissés urbains,
supports de services écosystémiques culturels en ville
Authors: Brun Marion , Vaseux Lucy , Martouzet Denis , Di Pietro Francesca
Published: September 2018

Offrant des espaces de nature de proximité et de végétation
spontanée en ville, les délaissés urbains peuvent assurer des services
culturels. Notre étude des usages informels et des représentations des délaissés
par les habitants résidant à proximité montre que les représentations des
habitants sont complexes et fortement liées aux usages effectués dans ces
espaces et aux stades de succession de la végétation. Ceci démontre le besoin de
trouver un équilibre entre nature sauvage et nature maitrisée dans ces espaces
urbains temporaires. Des actions de valorisation écologique permettraient de
reconnaître le rôle des délaissés urbains comme supports de services
écosystémiques culturels.
Searching for the origin of life using a computational search engine
Authors: Jensen Jan H.
Published: September 2018

Life is essentially an organised network of chemical reactions (metabolic pathways) that can create copies of itself given a source of energy. How was this complex reaction network formed from the simple molecules that were present on the early Earth? I will answer this question by simulating how simple reaction networks evolve starting from different combinations of building blocks and reaction conditions. Computer simulations will allow me to search many more combinations than is possible experimentally, thereby increasing the chances of finding reaction networks that resemble those found in modern cells. Finding a plausible explanation for how life originated on Earth will not only have profound implications for how we view ourselves and other species, but also give us a much better idea of how likely life is to have evolved on other planets.
The utilization of landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of interest in spatial features
Authors: Ingensand Jens , Foltête Jean Christophe , Cretegny Stéphane , Blanc Nicolas , Composto Sarah
Published: September 2018

This paper describes a method that uses georeferenced landscape pictures extracted from open picture collections for the determination of the population's interest in spatial features. The automated method takes into account the coordinates of the camera position as well as the azimuth angle, the focal length and the crop factor in order to calculate a field of view using a digital terrain model (DTM). This field of view can thereafter be used for the determination of interest in spatial features. In a case study involving more than 3'000 georeferenced pictures we investigate the potential of the method.
Genomic organization, gene expression and activity profile ofMarinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticusdenitrification enzymes
Authors: Carreira Cíntia , Mestre Olga , Nunes Rute F. , Moura Isabel , Pauleta Sofia R.
Published: September 2018

Background

Denitrification is one of the main pathways of the N-cycle, during which nitrate is converted to dinitrogen gas, in four consecutive reactions that are each catalyzed by a different metalloenzyme. One of the intermediate metabolites is nitrous oxide, which has a global warming impact greater then carbon dioxide and which atmospheric concentration has been increasing in the last years. The four denitrification enzymes have been isolated and biochemically characterized fromMarinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticusin our lab.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis of theM. hydrocarbonoclasticusgenome to identify the genes involved in the denitrification pathway. The relative gene expression of the gene encoding the catalytic subunits of those enzymes was analyzed during the growth under microoxic conditions. The consumption of nitrate and nitrite, and the reduction of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide by whole-cells was monitored during anoxic and microoxic growth in the presence of 10 mM sodium nitrate at pH 7.5.

Results

The bioinformatic analysis shows that genes encoding the enzymes and accessory factors required for each step of the denitrification pathway are clustered together. An unusual feature is the co-existence of genes encoding aq- and ac-type nitric oxide reductase, with only the latter being transcribed at similar levels as the ones encoding the catalytic subunits of the other denitrifying enzymes, when cells are grown in the presence of nitrate under microoxic conditions. Using either a batch- or a closed system, nitrate is completely consumed in the beginning of the growth, with transient formation of nitrite, and whole-cells can reduce nitric oxide and nitrous oxide from mid-exponential phase until being collected (time-point 50 h).

Discussion

M. hydrocarbonoclasticuscells can reduce nitric and nitrous oxidein vivo,indicating that the four denitrification steps are active. Gene expression profile together with promoter regions analysis indicates the involvement of a cascade regulatory mechanism triggered by FNR-type in response to low oxygen tension, with nitric oxide and nitrate as secondary effectors, through DNR and NarXL, respectively. This global characterization of the denitrification pathway of a strict marine bacterium, contributes to the understanding of the N-cycle and nitrous oxide release in marine environments.
Plant dominance in a subalpine montane meadow: biotic vs. abiotic controls of subordinate diversity within and across sites
Authors: LaPlante Erika , Souza Lara
Published: September 2018

Background

Understanding the underlying factors that determine the relative abundance of plant species is critical to predict both biodiversity and ecosystem function. Biotic and abiotic factors can shape the distribution and the relative abundance of species across natural communities, greatly influencing local biodiversity.

Methods

Using a combination of an observational study and a five-year plant removal experiment we: (1) documented how plant diversity and composition of montane meadow assemblages vary along a plant dominance gradient using an observational study; (2) tracked above- and belowground functional traits of co-dominant plant species Potentilla and Festuca along a plant dominance gradient in an observational study; (3) determined whether plant species diversity and composition was directly influenced by commonly occurring species Potentilla and Festuca with the use of a randomized plot design, 5-year plant removal experiment (no removal control, Potentilla removed, Festuca removed, n = 10).

Results

We found that subordinate species diversity and compositional dissimilarity were greatest in Potentilla and Festuca co-dominated sites, where neither Potentilla nor Festuca dominated, rather than at sites where either species became dominant. Further, while above- and belowground plant functional traits varied along a dominance gradient, they did so in a way that inconsistently predicted plant species relative abundance. Also, neither variation in plant functional traits of Festuca and Potentilla nor variation in resources and conditions (such as soil nitrogen and temperature) explained our subordinate diversity patterns. Finally, neither Potentilla nor Festuca influenced subordinate diversity or composition when we directly tested for their impacts in a plant removal experiment.

Discussion

Taken together, patterns of subordinate diversity and composition were likely driven by abiotic factors rather than biotic interactions. As a result, the role of abiotic factors influencing local-level species interactions can be just as important as biotic interactions themselves in structuring plant communities.
How much genetic variation is stored in the endangered and fragmented shrubTetraena mongolicaMaxim?
Authors: Zhi Yingbiao , Sun Zhonglou , Sun Ping , Zhao Kai , Guo Yangnan , Zhang Dejian , Zhang Baowei
Published: September 2018

Tetraena mongolicaMaxim (Zygophyllaceae) is an endangered species endemic to western Inner Mongolia and China, and is currently threatened by habitat loss and human over-exploitation. We explored the genetic background, its genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history, based on 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Our results indicated high genetic diversity in extant populations, but no distinguishable gene cluster corresponding with a specific biogeography. Population demography analysis using a MSVAR indicated a strong, recent population decline approximately 5,455 years ago. These results suggest that the Yellow River and Zhuozi Mountain range may not prevent pollination between populations. Finally, we surmised that the population demography ofT. mongolicawas likely to have been affected by early mankind activities.