bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring public attitudes towards men with depression: a thematic analysis
Authors: Liddell Sophie Elizabeth , Andriopoulou Panoraia
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims

Men with depression often experience stigmatising attitudes from the general public, which can cause distress and affect their help-seeking behaviours. This study aims to expand the research on public stigma by exploring public attitudes towards men with depression.

Methods

Five women and two men who had not experienced depression personally were recruited to this study and took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse their data.

Results

The main themes that emerged concerned awareness, depression as a gendered phenomenon and the generational divide. The participants conveyed that older generations exhibit greater stigmatising attitudes, that awareness in men's experience of depression is lacking and that public stigma is intrinsically linked to societal expectations of how a man should behave.

Conclusions

These themes highlight areas for further research, and the themes that have been identified should be taken into consideration when creating destigmatisation materials aimed at the general public.
Pain and pleasure in the birthing room: understanding the phenomenon of orgasmic birth
Authors: Crossing Phoebe
Published: August 2021

The significance of the physiological connection between sexuality and birth is widely overlooked and understated within maternity care. Despite some researchers acknowledging the possibility of orgasmic birth, most literature on the topic is anecdotal. Qualitative research surrounding women who report having ecstatic and orgasmic births demonstrates the positive effect engaging with the psychosexual elements of birth has on the maternal birthing experience. A private environment, careful choice of analgesia, sex-positive birth attendants and effective antenatal education are all suggested as key contributing factors towards its possibility. By recognising the sexual dimensions of birth, midwives are able to facilitate sensitive, empowering environments, encourage healthy sexual relationships and break down cultural stigma to increase the likelihood of pleasurable birth. The evidence highlights a need for the incorporation of the relationship between sexuality and birth into midwifery education, as well as within antenatal education for prospective parents.
High dynamic range distributed acoustic sensing based on dual-wavelength fiber Bragg grating pairs
Authors: Wu Jun , Li Zhengying , Fu Xuelei , Fan Minlang , Gui Xin , Wang Honghai
Published: August 2021

A high dynamic range distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system is demonstrated based on a dual-wavelength (

2
λ

) interferometric acoustic sensor array, constructed using

2
λ

fiber Bragg grating pairs (FBGPs). Each FBGP is composed of two weak FBGs presenting

−

30

-dB reflectivity and center wavelengths of 1535 nm and 1565 nm. With the phase demodulation results from the two wavelengths,

2
λ

linear regression phase unwrapping is implemented, which significantly enhances the dynamic range of the DAS system. By examining the four time-division-multiplexed sensors, an average background noise level of

−

105.2

d
B
r
a
d

/

H
z

at 1 kHz and a cross talk level lower than

−

70

d
B

at 1 kHz are achieved.
Diffuse midline gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant are associated with less peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement in comparison to glioblastomas, H3 K27M-wildtype of midline structures
Authors: Banan Rouzbeh , Akbarian Arash , Samii Majid , Samii Amir , Bertalanffy Helmut , Lehmann Ulrich , Hartmann Christian , Brüning Roland
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The entity ‘diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG)’ was introduced in the revised 4th edition of the 2016 WHO classification of brain tumors. However, there are only a few reports on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these tumors. Thus, we conducted a retrospective survey focused on MRI features of DMG compared to midline glioblastomas H3 K27M-wildtype (mGBM-H3wt).

Methods

We identified 24 DMG cases and 19 mGBM-H3wt patients as controls. After being retrospectively evaluated for microscopic evidence of microvascular proliferations (MVP) and tumor necrosis by two experienced neuropathologists to identify the defining histological criteria of mGBM-H3wt, the samples were further analyzed by two experienced readers regarding imaging features such as shape, peritumoral edema and contrast enhancement.

Results

The DMG were found in the thalamus in 37.5% of cases (controls 63%), in the brainstem in 50% (vs. 32%) and spinal cord in 12.5% (vs. 5%). In MRI and considering MVP, DMG were found to be by far less likely to develop peritumoral edema (OR: 0.13; 95%-CL: 0.02–0.62) (p = 0.010). They, similarly, were associated with a significantly lower probability of developing strong contrast enhancement compared to mGBM-H3wt (OR: 0.10; 95%-CL: 0.02–0.47) (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Despite having highly variable imaging features, DMG exhibited markedly less edema and lower contrast enhancement in MRI compared to mGBM-H3wt. Of these features, the enhancement level was associated with evidence of MVP.
Menstrual hygiene practice among female adolescents and its association with knowledge in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Arefaynie Mastewal , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish , Mitiku Kefale , Agmas Amare , Biset Gebeyaw , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Adane Metadel , Addisu Elsabeth , Dewau Reta
Published: August 2021

Background

Previous studies on menstrual hygiene practice were largely inconsistent and single national evidence is required. Thus, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of menstrual hygiene and its association with knowledge about menstrual hygiene among female adolescents in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-2015 Guidelines). This systematic review included studies conducted on female adolescents in Ethiopia irrespective of their publication and study period until the end of July 1, 2020. The data extracted in the Microsoft Excel sheet format was exported into the STATA/SE14 version statistical software for further analysis. I2test was used to test heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed by using Egger’s weighted regression test.

Results

Thirteen full-text articles including 6907 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the random effect model, the pooled prevalence of poor menstrual hygiene practice was 48.98% [95% CI: (36.42, 61.53)]. Those female adolescents who had poor knowledge were 2.6 times more likely to have poor menstrual hygiene practice as compared to counterparts [AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.45, 4.72)].

Conclusions

The prevalence of poor menstrual hygiene practice was high and knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene was significantly associated with poor menstrual hygiene practice. Information education communication and behavioral change communication at all levels of education should be the primary focus area of the government.
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in a non-hospitalized cohort: Results from the Arizona CoVHORT
Authors: Bell Melanie L. , Catalfamo Collin J. , Farland Leslie V. , Ernst Kacey C. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Klimentidis Yann C. , Jehn Megan , Pogreba-Brown Kristen
Published: August 2021

Clinical presentation, outcomes, and duration of COVID-19 has ranged dramatically. While some individuals recover quickly, others suffer from persistent symptoms, collectively known as long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Most PASC research has focused on hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe disease. We used data from a diverse population-based cohort of Arizonans to estimate prevalence of PASC, defined as experiencing at least one symptom 30 days or longer, and prevalence of individual symptoms. There were 303 non-hospitalized individuals with a positive lab-confirmed COVID-19 test who were followed for a median of 61 days (range 30–250). COVID-19 positive participants were mostly female (70%), non-Hispanic white (68%), and on average 44 years old. Prevalence of PASC at 30 days post-infection was 68.7% (95% confidence interval: 63.4, 73.9). The most common symptoms were fatigue (37.5%), shortness-of-breath (37.5%), brain fog (30.8%), and stress/anxiety (30.8%). The median number of symptoms was 3 (range 1–20). Amongst 157 participants with longer follow-up (≥60 days), PASC prevalence was 77.1%.
Parametric characteristics analysis of three cells in 3D and five-directional annular braided composites
Authors: Zhang Weiliang , Wang Xupeng , Ji Xiaomin , Tang Xinyao , Liu Fengfeng , Liu Shuwei
Published: August 2021

On the basis of analyzing the movement law of 3D circular braided yarn, the three-cell model of 3D five-direction circular braiding composite material is established. By analyzing the node position relationship in various cell models, the calculation formulas of braiding angle, cell volume, fiber volume and fiber volume content in various cell models are obtained. It is found that there are four different braiding angles in four internal cells, and the braiding angles in internal cells gradually increase from inside to outside. The braiding angles of upper and lower surface cells are approximately equal. With the increase of the length of the knuckles, the braiding angles of each cell decrease, and the braiding angles of the four inner cells decrease greatly, while the braiding angles of upper and lower surfaces decrease slightly. The results of parametric analysis showed that with the increase of the length of the knuckles and the inner diameter of cells, the mass of cells increased proportionally, while the total fiber volume content of cells decreased. With the increase of braiding yarn number and axial yarn number, the unit cell mass decreases in direct proportion, and the unit cell total fiber volume content increases. Through the research results of this paper, the geometrical characteristics of the cell model under different braided parameters can be obtained, which greatly improves the analysis efficiency.
Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the symbiotic jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata
Authors: Enrique-Navarro Angélica , Huertas I. Emma , León Cobo Manuel Jesús , Prieto Laura
Published: August 2021

Ocean acidification and warming are challenging marine organisms and ecosystems around the world. The synergetic effects of these two climate change stressors on jellyfish remain still understudied. Here, we examine the independent and combined effects of these two environmental variables on polyp population dynamics of the Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. An experiment was conducted to examine asexual reproduction by budding and strobilation considering current and ca. 2100 winter (Trial 1, 36 days) and summer (Trial 2, 36 days) conditions under the RCP8.5 (IPCC 2013). In Trial 1, a temperature of 18°C and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7) were tested. Trial 2 considered two temperature levels 24°C and 30°C, under current and reduced acidification conditions (8.0 and 7.7, respectively). Ephyrae size and statolith formation of released ephyrae from polyps exposed to summer temperatures under both acidification treatment was also analyzed. Zooxanthellae density inside the polyps throughout the experiment was measured. C. tuberculata polyps could cope with the conditions mimicked in all experimental treatments and no significant effect of pH, temperature, or the combination of both variables on the abundance of polyps was observed. At 18°C, strobilation was reduced under high PCO2 conditions. Under summer treatments (24°C and 30°C), percentage strobilation was very low and several released ephyrae suffered malformations and reduced size, as a consequence of reduced pH and elevated temperatures, separately. The number of statoliths was not affected by pH or temperature, however, bigger statoliths were formed at elevated temperatures (30°C). Finally, zooxanthellae density was not affected by experimental conditions, even if, the duration of the experiment significantly affected symbiont concentration. Our results show that even though polyps of C. tuberculata would thrive the future worst scenario predicted for the Mediterranean Sea, their capacity to undergo a proper strobilation and to produce healthy ephyrae will be more vulnerable to climate induced environmental conditions, thereby affecting medusae recruitment and, therefore, population dynamics of the species.
Modelling chronic malnutrition in Zambia: A Bayesian distributional regression approach
Authors: Moonga Given , Böse-O’Reilly Stephan , Berger Ursula , Harttgen Kenneth , Michelo Charles , Nowak Dennis , Siebert Uwe , Yabe John , Seiler Johannes
Published: August 2021

Background

The burden of child under-nutrition still remains a global challenge, with greater severity being faced by low- and middle-income countries, despite the strategies in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globally, malnutrition is the one of the most important risk factors associated with illness and death, affecting hundreds of millions of pregnant women and young children. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions in the world struggling with the burden of chronic malnutrition. The 2018 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) report estimated that 35% of the children under five years of age are stunted. The objective of this study was to analyse the distribution, and associated factors of stunting in Zambia.

Methods

We analysed the relationships between socio-economic, and remote sensed characteristics and anthropometric outcomes in under five children, using Bayesian distributional regression. Georeferenced data was available for 25,852 children from two waves of the ZDHS, 31% observation were from the 2007 and 69% were from the 2013/14. We assessed the linear, non-linear and spatial effects of covariates on the height-for-age z-score.

Results

Stunting decreased between 2007 and 2013/14 from a mean z-score of 1.59 (credible interval (CI): -1.63; -1.55) to -1.47 (CI: -1.49; -1.44). We found a strong non-linear relationship for the education of the mother and the wealth of the household on the height-for-age z-score. Moreover, increasing levels of maternal education above the eighth grade were associated with a reduced variation of stunting. Our study finds that remote sensed covariates alone explain little of the variation of the height-for-age z-score, which highlights the importance to collect socio-economic characteristics, and to control for socio-economic characteristics of the individual and the household.

Conclusions

While stunting still remains unacceptably high in Zambia with remarkable regional inequalities, the decline is lagging behind goal two of the SDGs. This emphasises the need for policies that help to reduce the share of chronic malnourished children within Zambia.
Simultaneous Recognition of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia on White Light Endoscopic Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lin Ne , Yu Tao , Zheng Wenfang , Hu Huiyi , Xiang Lijuan , Ye Guoliang , Zhong Xingwei , Ye Bin , Wang Rong , Deng Wanyin , Li JingJing , Wang Xiaoyue , Han Feng , Zhuang Kun , Zhang Dekui , Xu Huanhai , Ding Jin , Zhang Xu , Shen Yuqin , Lin Hai , Zhang Zhe , Kim John J. , Liu Jiquan , Hu Weiling , Duan Huilong , Si Jianmin
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with atrophic gastritis (AG) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) have elevated risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic screening and surveillance have been implemented in high incidence countries. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous recognition of AG and GIM.

METHODS:

Archived endoscopic white light images with corresponding gastric biopsies were collected from 14 hospitals located in different regions of China. Corresponding images by anatomic sites containing AG, GIM, and chronic non-AG were categorized using pathology reports. The participants were randomly assigned (8:1:1) to the training cohort for developing the CNN model (TResNet), the validation cohort for fine-tuning, and the test cohort for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

RESULTS:

A total of 7,037 endoscopic images from 2,741 participants were used to develop the CNN for recognition of AG and/or GIM. The AUC for recognizing AG was 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 96.2% (95% CI 94.2%–97.6%), 96.4% (95% CI 94.8%–97.9%), and 96.4% (95% CI 94.4%–97.8%), respectively. The AUC for recognizing GIM was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–1.00) with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.9% (95% CI 96.2%–98.9%), 97.5% (95% CI 95.8%–98.6%), and 97.6% (95% CI 95.8%–98.6%), respectively.

DISCUSSION:

CNN using endoscopic white light images achieved high diagnostic accuracy in recognizing AG and GIM.
A Novel Deep Learning System for Diagnosing Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Diagnostic Study
Authors: Tang Dehua , Wang Lei , Jiang Jingwei , Liu Yuting , Ni Muhan , Fu Yiwei , Guo Huimin , Wang Zhengwen , An Fangmei , Zhang Kaihua , Hu Yanxing , Zhan Qiang , Xu Guifang , Zou Xiaoping
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

This study aims to construct a real-time deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) system to diagnose early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with white light imaging endoscopy.

METHODS:

A total of 4,002 images from 1,078 patients were used to train and cross-validate the DCNN model for diagnosing early ESCC. The performance of the model was further tested with independent internal and external validation data sets containing 1,033 images from 243 patients. The performance of the model was then compared with endoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Cohen kappa coefficient were measured to assess performance.

RESULTS:

The DCNN model had excellent performance in diagnosing early ESCC with a sensitivity of 0.979, a specificity of 0.886, a positive predictive value of 0.777, a negative predictive value of 0.991, and an area under curve of 0.954 in the internal validation data set. The model also depicted a tremendously generalized performance in 2 external data sets and exhibited superior performance compared with endoscopists. The performance of the endoscopists was markedly elevated after referring to the predictions of the DCNN model. An open-accessed website of the DCNN system was established to facilitate associated research.

DISCUSSION:

A real-time DCNN system, which was constructed to diagnose early ESCC, showed good performance in validation data sets. However, more prospective validation is needed to understand its true clinical significance in the real world.
Semi-Centennial of Landsat Observations & Pending Landsat 9 Launch
Authors: Goward Samuel N. , Masek Jeffrey G. , Loveland Thomas R. , Dwyer John L. , Williams Darrel L. , Arvidson Terry , Rocchio Laura E.P. , Irons James R.
Published: August 2021

The first Landsat was placed in orbit on 23 July 1972, followed by a series of missions that have provided nearly continuous, two-satellite 8-day repeat image coverage of the Earth's land areas for the last half-century. These observations have substantially enhanced our understanding
of the Earth's terrestrial dynamics, both as a major element of the Earth's physical system, the primary home of humans, and the major source of resources that support them. The history of Landsat is complex, reflective of the human systems that sustain it. Despite the conflicted perspectives
surrounding the continuation of the program, Landsat has survived based on worldwide recognition of its critical contributions to understanding land dynamics, management of natural resources and Earth system science. Launch of Landsat 9 is anticipated in Fall 2021, and current planning for
the next generation, Landsat Next is well underway. The community of Landsat data users is looking forward to another 50 years of the Landsat program.
Spinor-Based Attitude Determination with Star Sensor Considering Depth
Authors: Sheng Qinghong , Ren Rui , Xu Weilan , Xiao Hui , Wang Bo , Hong Ran
Published: August 2021

A star sensor is a high-precision satellite attitude measurement device. Since its observation information has only two-dimensional direction vectors, when a star sensor is used for attitude determination the dimension of the observation information is less than the number of attitude
angles determined, so mainstream algorithms usually only guarantee the accuracy of the pitch angle and the roll angle. In view of the lack of depth information in the observation's imaging geometric condition, this article proposes a spinor-based attitude determination model, which describes
a straight line passing through two stars with the spinor and maps the depth information of the straight line with the pitch, to establish an imaging geometry model of the spinor coplanar condition. Experiments show that the yaw-angle attitude accuracy of the method is an order of magnitude
better than that of mainstream algorithms, and the accuracy of the three attitude angles reaches the arc-second level.
Digital Building-Height Preparation from Satellite Stereo Images
Authors: Prakash P.S. , Aithal Bharath H.
Published: August 2021

Buildings are considered prominent objects for understanding the pattern of growth in an urban setting. Remote sensing technology plays a vital role in facilitating data generation pertaining to various urban applications. Digital surface models represent the elevation of the earth
surface features, and can be obtained from stereo images, radar, laser scanning, and so on. Photogrammetric techniques applied to optical stereo satellite images are economical and fast ways to generate height information of buildings. In this work, a quantitative and qualitative analysis
of digital surface models generated from Cartosat-1 stereo images is compared with openly available data. The study finds that it is possible to acquire about 50 percent of building heights with acceptable error limits. The experimental results indicate that the quality of height information
is suitable for applications to assess urban development at a macro scale, but not for individual building-level modeling.
Percutaneous Hydrogel Coil Embolization of Aneurysms and Coronary Artery Fistulae in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Healan Steven J. , Nicholson George , Doyle Thomas , Janssen Dana
Published: August 2021

Patients with congenital heart disease frequently have aneurysms or coronary artery fistulae that necessitate treatment. Metal vascular coils have been a mainstay of treatment for these lesions. In 2002, coils coated or filled with expandable hydrogel were introduced to treat cerebral aneurysms; however, the literature on their use in patients with congenital heart disease is limited. We present 5 cases in which large vascular lesions in children or adolescents with congenital heart disease were successfully occluded with hydrogel coils.
The Effect of Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, and Job Satisfaction of the National Library Republic of Indonesia on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Authors: Lestari Ikawati
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT 

The library is the builder of all libraries in Indonesia (Law No.43 of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2007). As a coach, the National Library of Indonesia faces challenges that must be met so that organizational performance needs to be improved. If every employee has organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), can achieve good government. The end of this study is to realize the effects of corporate culture, transformational leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of the National Library of Indonesia. The resource persons in this study involved 280 ASN informants who had served at the National Library for at least three years—used linear regression method to analyze the data and SPSS version 17.0 for data analysis. The results of the analysis of this study instruct organizational culture, transformational leadership, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

 

Keywords: Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Optimal Price Indexes
Authors: Bossert Walter , Stehling Frank
Published: August 2021

We examine the notion of a price index as the solution to the problem of minimizing the distance between the index values and the vector of price ratios. To do so, the choice of a suitable distance function is of crucial importance. We use a generalized least-squares criterion for this purpose and show that the generalized quasilinear functions are the only solutions to the problem of minimizing the distance thus defined. There are numerous special cases that are obtained for specific choices of the requisite functions and weights. In particular, we show that, in addition to the well-established indexes of Laspeyres, Paasche, Marshall-Edgeworth, Walsh, and Törnqvist, the arithmetic-current-period index, the arithmetic-hybrid index, the harmonic-base-period index, and the harmonic-hybrid index can be obtained with suitably chosen distance functions. Furthermore, the logarithmic least-squares criterion is employed to obtain indexes that are based on geometric means.
Patient-centered care or osteopathic manipulative treatment as mediators of clinical outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Aryal Subhash
Published: August 2021

Context

Patient-centered care is often considered a characteristic of osteopathic medicine, in addition to the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in such musculoskeletal conditions as low back pain.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine if patient-centered care or OMT are mediators of the clinical outcomes of osteopathic medicine in patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods

A comparative effectiveness study was conducted within the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation (PRECISION Pain Research Registry). Eligible patients met the diagnostic criteria recommended by the National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain and completed four consecutive quarterly encounters between April 2016 and November 2020. The Consultation and Relational Empathy instrument for patient-centered care was used at the baseline encounter and OMT use was measured at the final encounter. The clinical outcome measures included low back pain intensity on a numerical rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10, back-related functioning on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and pain impact on the National Institutes of Health Minimum Dataset for Chronic Low Back Pain (NIH-MDS). A parallel multiple mediator model was used to compute the direct and indirect effects of osteopathic medicine in achieving each of the three clinical outcomes.

Results

The 404 study patients had a mean age of 52.2 years (standard deviation, 13.1 years) and 288 (71.3%) were female. The 88 (21.8%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians reported more favorable scores for patient-centered care (mean, 41.3; 95% CI 39.0–43.5) than patients treated by allopathic physicians (mean, 38.0; 95% CI 36.8–39.3) (p=0.02). Fifty-six (63.6%) patients treated by osteopathic physicians used OMT. The age- and sex-adjusted outcomes for patients of osteopathic vs. allopathic physicians across all four encounters were: mean, 5.4; 95% CI 5.0–5.7 vs. mean, 5.9; 95% CI 5.7–6.1 on the NRS for pain intensity (p=0.01); mean, 11.3; 95% CI 10.1–12.6 vs. mean, 14.0; 95% CI 13.3–14.7 on the RMDQ for back-related disability (p<0.001); and mean, 26.8; 95% CI 24.9–28.7 vs. mean, 30.1; 95% CI 29.1–31.1 on the NIH-MDS for pain impact (p=0.002). Patient-centered care did not mediate any outcome of osteopathic medicine, whereas OMT mediated better outcomes in low back pain intensity.

Conclusions

This appears to be the first study to simultaneously address both patient-centered care and OMT as potential mediators of the effect of osteopathic medicine in treating chronic pain. Patient-centered care did not mediate the effects of osteopathic medicine and OMT only mediated outcomes relating to low back pain intensity. More research is needed to identify other aspects of osteopathic medicine that mediate its beneficial effects in patients with chronic low back pain.
The crystal structure of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, C10H18O5
Authors: Manana Pholani , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: August 2021

C10H18O5, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.3561(7) Å, b = 11.4569(7) Å, c = 10.9762(6) Å, β = 116.087(2)°, V = 1282.58(13) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0547, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1677, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of (((1E,1′E)-1,2-phenylenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(hydrazin-1-yl-2-ylidene))bis(aminomethaniminium) dinitrate C10H16N10O6
Authors: Jin Ze-Sen , Liu E. , Liu Xiao-Jing , Li Zhuang-Yu , Jian Fang-fang , Liang Tongling
Published: August 2021

C10H16N10O6, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.5131(7) Å, b = 16.4675(9) Å, c = 8.1488(4) Å,β = 107.361(5)°, V = 1602.64(15) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0380, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1180, T = 170(1) K.
Factors Shaping Public Perceptions of Market-based Activities Undertaken by Canadian Nonprofits
Authors: Turpin Aaron , Shier Micheal L. , Handy Femida
Published: August 2021

Charitable nonprofits are engaging at increasing rates in market-based activities. This study examined Canadian public perception of nonprofits’ market-based activities. Latent variables for trust, financial accountability, transparency, direct and general familiarity, understanding of nonprofit roles in service delivery and advocacy, and orientation towards market-based activities were created using a secondary dataset of nationally representative Canadians (n = 3853). Results show that positive perceptions of market-based activities of nonprofits are influenced by familiarity of nonprofits, accepting their advocacy role, and perceiving them as being accountable. Those with stronger views of nonprofits as providers of direct service had unfavorable perceptions of the nonprofit’s market-based activities. The findings have implications for nonprofit managers who engage in market-based activities and want to promote a positive orientation to these endeavors to engage consumers and investors.
Effect of interactive vs. passive virtual reality on pain threshold and tolerance
Authors: Saquib Juliann , AlMohaimeed Haneen A. , AlOlayan Sally A. , AlRebdi Nora A. , AlBulaihi Jana I. , AlMugbel Renad A. , AlDughaishm Yusra M. , AlBahli Hind K. , Saquib Nazmus
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Scientific evidence suggests that virtual reality (VR) could potentially help patients tolerate painful medical procedures and conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of virtual reality on pain tolerance and threshold.

Methods

A within-subjects experimental study design was conducted on 53 female students at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia. Each participant completed three rounds of assessment: one baseline (no VR) and two VR immersion (passive and interactive) in random order sequence. During each round, participants submerged their non-dominant hand into an ice bath; pain threshold and tolerance were measured as outcomes and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Participants had both higher pain threshold and tolerance during interactive and passive VR rounds in comparison to the non-VR baseline assessment (p<0.05). Participants had greater pain tolerance during the interactive VR condition compared to the passive VR condition (p<0.001).

Conclusions

VR experiences increase pain threshold and tolerance with minimal side effects, and the larger effects were demonstrated using interactive games. Interactive VR gaming should be considered and tested as a treatment for pain.
Análisis de los factores predictivos del abandono escolar temprano
Authors: Suberviola Iratxe
Published: August 2021

Finalizado el año 2020, España sitúa su tasa de Abandono Escolar Temprano en el 16%, lejos del indicador propuesto por la Unión Europea en el plan Estrategia Europa 2020 que fijaba un 10% de media en los países de la Unión Europea. La bibliografía determina que el fenómeno del Abandono Escolar Temprano debe ser abordado desde un análisis multidimensional puesto que en él están implicados factores personales, familiares, educativos, sociales y económicos. Partiendo de esta premisa, se realiza un exhaustivo análisis bibliográfico sobre los factores de incidencia del mismo, seleccionando un total de 89 estudios. A partir de este marco, se plantea un modelo de análisis profundo y global de los aspectos que influyen en la intención del alumnado de abandonar la formación reglada de forma prematura Para ello, se realiza una adaptación del modelo UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Technology), teniendo en cuenta las características propias de nuestro objeto de estudio. El objetivo último es dotar de un modelo de análisis para determinar aquellos factores predictivos que pueden desembocar en el Abandono Escolar Temprano, que, por un lado, constituya el germen de futuras investigaciones sobre esta temática y, por otro lado, posibilite realizar una intervención socio-educativa preventiva que haga descender dicha tasa.
Cine en torno a la emergencia climática: un problema sin responsables ni soluciones
Authors: Vicente Torrico David , López Vidales Nereida
Published: August 2021

La industria del cine ha apostado por incluir la emergencia climática en sus relatos, configurando así un universo narrativo en el que el espectador negocia su identidad y sus propias actuaciones a través de las situaciones que aparecen en la pantalla. Mediante la aplicación de un análisis de contenido, nuestra investigación persigue desvelar las claves discursivas sobre las que se asienta el discurso cinematográfico, atendiendo a las variables temáticas representadas, a la construcción de los personajes y a los espacios recreados en las producciones exhibidas en las salas españolas entre los años 2000 y 2019. Los resultados revelan un tratamiento sesgado, tanto en la selección de variables como en el diseño de los personajes y escenarios, presentando un problema que afecta principalmente a la población occidental. En línea con lo señalado, el relato cinematográfico sobre la emergencia climática presenta las mismas deficiencias narrativas que el discurso informativo, perdiendo así una valiosa oportunidad para transmitir valores sostenibles. Para evitar la inacción y la autocomplacencia entre el público, formulamos una serie de recomendaciones basadas en la contextualización y empoderamiento de la sociedad civil, a través del diseño de situaciones y personajes reconocibles para la audiencia.
Differences in Muscle Activity and Kinetics Between the Goblet Squat and Landmine Squat in Men and Women
Authors: Collins Kyle S. , Klawitter Lukus A. , Waldera Roman W. , Mahoney Sean J. , Christensen Bryan K.
Published: August 2021

Collins, KS, Klawitter, LA, Waldera, RW, Mahoney, SJ, and Christensen, BK. Differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the goblet squat and landmine squat in men and women. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2661–2668, 2021—Squat exercise variations are widely used and extensively researched. However, little information exists on the goblet squat (GBS) and landmine squat (LMS) and differences between men and women. This study investigated the differences in muscle activity and kinetics between the GBS and the LMS in 16 men and 16 women. Five repetitions of each squat type were performed loaded at 30% of their body mass. Vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces for the eccentric and concentric phases and peak vertical force were recorded with a force plate. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST), and biceps femoris (BF). Normalized mean EMG values and ground reaction forces were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Significant main effects for squat condition and sex were found. The LMS reduced activity in the quadriceps (VM and VL) muscles and vertical forces, while increasing posterior horizontal forces. In the LMS, men showed decreased ST activity, whereas women had decreased BF activity. Women exhibited greater quadriceps activity in both the GBS and LMS and greater ST in the LMS. Women also produced greater eccentric vertical force in both the GBS and LMS and less posterior horizontal forces in the LMS. The LMS may be useful to balance hamstring to quadriceps activity, increase horizontal loading, and reduce vertical loading. Conversely, the GBS can better target quadriceps activity and increase vertical loading. Sex differences should be considered for training programs that include the GBS and LMS.
Content Analysis of Patent Applications for Strength Training Equipment Filed in the United States Before 1980
Authors: Nuzzo James L.
Published: August 2021

Nuzzo, JL. Content analysis of patent applications for strength training equipment filed in the United States before 1980. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2952–2962, 2021—Strength training history is an emerging academic area. The aim of the current study was to describe quantitively the history of inventions for strength training equipment. Content analysis was conducted of patent applications for strength training equipment filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office before 1980. Applications were identified using relevant keyword searches in Google Patents. A total of 551 patent applications were analyzed. The earliest application identified was filed in 1860. Applications never exceed 6 per year until 1961 after which applications increased substantially, with a peak of 54 in 1979. Men invented 98.7% of all strength training devices. Lloyd J. Lambert, Jr. was the most prolific inventor, with 10 inventions. Types of inventions included mobile units (34.5%), stationary machines (27.9%), dumbbells (16%), racks or benches (8.0%), barbells (6.7%), and Indian clubs (3.8%). Common features included seats or benches (18.7%), cable-pulley systems (15.1%), weight stacks (8.2%), weight trays (4.5%), and cams (2.2%). Common types of resistance included weights or plates (33.2%), springs (11.6%), friction (9.1%), elastic bands (5.3%), and hydraulic (3.8%). Proposed invention benefits included adjustable resistance (37.4%), inexpensive (36.1%), simple to use (32.8%), compact design or easy storage (27.0%), multiple exercise options (26.1%), safety and comfort (25.4%), effectiveness (23.6%), portability (20.5%), adjustable size (15.8%), sturdiness or durability (15.8%), home use (13.6%), and light weight (13.6%). Certain aspects of strength training equipment have evolved over time. However, overall purposes and benefits of inventions have remained constant (e.g., affordability, convenience, personalization, safety, and effectiveness).
Barriers to the Implementation of Primary PCI in the Management of STEMI in Egypt
Authors: Shaheen Sameh , Helal Ayman , Anan Islam
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Evidence-based guidelines recommend primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) be the mainstay reperfusion strategy for the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) if it is performed in the proper time window. However, the Egyptian health care system is still struggling to provide such an important service. The aim of the present study, through a quantitative questionnaire, is to explore the current practice of STEMI management in Egypt, and to identify the barriers, opportunities, and potential areas for improvement.

Methods and Results: The questionnaire was conducted in Egypt via face-to-face qualitative in-depth interviews with cardiologists from 14 PPCI-capable hospitals and 26 non-PPCI-capable hospitals. Participants were selected in view of their experience and knowledge. The study identified potential barriers to the implementation of PPCI among STEMI patients in Egypt. These barriers included the prehospital patient delay and emergency medical service delay, delay in the emergency department and delay in patient transfer to the CCU, unavailable equipment, catheterization laboratory activation delay, lack of trained interventional cardiologists, lack of regional STEMI networks and hospital policies, and insufficient ICU beds.

Conclusion: Limited resources and health care system inadequacies have led to potential barriers that prevent suboptimal implementation of PPCI in Egypt. Efforts from all health care providers should be directed to overcome these identified barriers.
Interhemispheric Cortico-Cortical Pathway for Sequential Bimanual Movements in Mice
Authors: Jeong Minju , Lee Hyeonsu , Kim Youngsoo , Wang Eric Hou-Jen , Paik Se-Bum , Lim Byung Kook , Kim Daesoo
Published: August 2021

Animals precisely coordinate their left and right limbs for various adaptive purposes. While the left and right limbs are clearly controlled by different cortical hemispheres, the neural mechanisms that determine the action sequence between them remains elusive. Here, we have established a novel head-fixed bimanual-press (biPress) sequence task in which mice sequentially press left and right pedals with their forelimbs in a predetermined order. Using this motor task, we found that the motor cortical neurons responsible for the first press (1P) also generate independent motor signals for the second press (2P) by the opposite forelimb during the movement transitions between forelimbs. Projection-specific calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulation revealed these motor signals are transferred from one motor cortical hemisphere to the other via corticocortical projections. Together, our results suggest the motor cortices coordinate sequential bimanual movements through corticocortical pathways.
Are Humans a Cooperative Species? Challenges & Opportunities for Teaching the Evolution of Human Prosociality
Authors: Hanisch Susan , Eirdosh Dustin
Published: August 2021

Evolutionary anthropologists commonly describe humans as a highly cooperative species, based on our evolved socio-cognitive capacities. However, students and the general public may not necessarily share this view about our species. At the same time, fostering our ability to cooperate is considered a key foundation for achieving sustainable development, and students’ understanding of the conditions that enable or hinder cooperation is therefore an important learning goal in sustainability education. In this article, we describe a small classroom activity that explored students’ and preservice biology teachers’ preconceptions about the human capacity to cooperate around shared resources in comparison to the capacity of our closest relative, the chimpanzee. Results indicate that students and teachers had limited knowledge about the evolved human capacity for cooperation around shared resources in small groups, most often viewing chimpanzees as more capable of cooperation and sustainable resource use. Based on the results of this classroom intervention, we highlight important learning opportunities for educators in biology on teaching human evolution and human behavior, particularly as related to current challenges of sustainable development.
Recurrent Cholangitis due to Hem-o-lok Clip Migration after Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Treated with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Jang Ji Woong , Jun Jae Hyuck , Lee Dong-kyu , Kim Hyeyoung , Doh Young Seok , Baek Il Hyun , Jung Sung Hee
Published: August 2021

Clip migration into the common bile duct (CBD) is a rare complication of laparoscopic biliary surgery. We report a case of Hem-o-lok clip migration-induced CBD stone in a 66-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) 4 years ago. The patient visited the emergency room for upper abdominal pain. CT scan revealed increased CBD diameter and multiple CBD stones. We performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for CBD stone extraction. Cholangiography revealed multiple suspected filling defects in the CBD; stones and unknown foreign body were removed using Basket. The foreign body found in the duodenum was a Hem-o-lok clip. When epigastric pain develops in a patient who has undergone LC and LCBDE, it is possible that biliary stone occurs due to clip migration.
Kuglarze w dramat walą. Adam Polewka i szopkowo-farsowe inspiracje w dramaturgii dwudziestolecia międzywojennego
Authors:   Wydział Polonistyki, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Nabiałek Magda
Published: August 2021

The article reflects on the connections between the Polish drama of the interwar period with such stage performances as a nativity play, farce, cabaret, and circus. The text attempts to point to the possible inquiries into this important problem of the dramaturgy of the 1920s and 1930s. The author concentrates on Adam Polewka himself and his political farse plays, especially the record of Igrce w Barbakanie, a performance prepared for the Cracow Days in 1938. She reads critically the introduction to the post-war edition of this text. In her opinion, this authorial commentary includes precious information about such stage forms of the interwar period as a farse play and circus.
Characterization and use of Mangifera indica L. seeds from four varieties
Authors: Villanueva Paula X. , Ávila Yalile C. , Dávila Lina R. , Méndez John J. , Murillo Arango Walter
Published: August 2021

Chemical compositions (fatty acids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids) and the in-vitro biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; and growth induction of edible fungal strains) were compared for four varieties of mango seeds. Hexanic extract (HE) showed a fatty acid profile with a higher proportion of oleic acid. In the ethanolic extract were found variable total phenolic contents (103 to 125 mg GAE/g dry weight) and flavonoid contents (0.72 to 0.8 mg QE/g dry weight). This study reports for the first time the presence of procyanidin B1 in ethanolic extracts. The antioxidant activity showed IC50 values ranging from 3.09 to 3.42 μg/mL for ABTS•+ and 12.17 to 13.93 μg/mL for DPPH•. The ethanolic extract from the seed of the Yulima variety showed the highest percentages of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Residues removed from ethanolic extraction of the seed kernel (EKR) induced the growth of edible fungal strains: Lentinus crinitus and Pleurotus tubarius. The data obtained show the potential of the seeds from these mango varieties, which could lead to alternative uses in various industry sectors and the use of this agricultural byproduct.
‘Failure’ of laser prophylaxis in an eye with stickler syndrome
Authors: Blair Michael P
Published: August 2021

Background: Stickler syndrome is one of the most common inherited connective tissue disorders and is an important cause of pediatric vision loss due to a high risk of retinal detachment in these patients. Methods: Case report. Case summary: This case reports describes the clinical course of a 10 year old boy with Sticklers Syndrome who underwent bilateral peripheral laser prophylaxis. During routine follow up, he was found to have an asymptomatic giant retinal tear (GRT) with limited sub-retinal fluid expansion due to prior prophylactic laser. He underwent surgery with vitrectomy and scleral buckle with vision remaining at 20/25 at 6 month follow up. Conclusion: Although the utility of laser prophylaxis in Stickler patients is debated, this case demonstrates that after laser prophylaxis, even if GRT develops, expansion can be limited. Laser prophylaxis along with frequent examinations, can prevent development of PVR and complex detachments and preserve macular function with excellent visual outcome.