bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of hydrodynamic loads on performance characteristics of engine main bearings
Authors: Shao K , Liu CW , Bi FR , Lu D , Zhang J
Published: October 2014

This article aims to present a numerical study of the behavior of engine main bearings under dynamic load. The coupling performance characteristics of oil film between crankshaft and engine block are analyzed. The film pressure is solved numerically with Reynolds boundary conditions when various bearing characteristics are calculated. Hydrodynamic lubrication is analyzed with finite difference method for solving the Reynolds equation for thermo effect. The other models, such as engine block and crankshaft-connecting rod system, are processed by utilizing the finite element method. Above this system, model applied in this paper is simulated by employing multi-body dynamic method to capture the dynamic characteristics of engine dynamic simulation. Through the methods mentioned above, the performance characteristics of engine main bearings under hydrodynamic loads in a six-cylinder in-line diesel engine were received. And the orbit movement, minimum oil film thickness, and power loss in the bearing were estimated over the wide range of engine operation.
The aneurysmal arteriovenous fistula – morphological study and assessment of clinical implications. A pilot study
Authors: Watson Kenneth R , Gallagher Maeve , Ross Rose , Severn Alison , Nagy Janos , Cochrane Lynda , Griffiths Gareth D
Published: October 2014

Aneurysmal dilation of arteriovenous fistulae used for haemodialysis is a recognised complication but its clinical significance is a contentious issue. Our aims were to describe aneurysmal fistulae morphologically and clinically.

Sixty patients underwent duplex scanning to measure the maximum diameter and skin thickness of their fistula. Haemodialysis function and bleeding risk were assessed clinically.

The 75th percentile of maximum diameter was 2.05 cm. In addition to conventional diameter measurement, we describe a novel volume measurement technique which may be of value. No relationship was found between maximum diameter or volume and function, skin thickness or bleeding.

Some studies define aneurysm at 2 cm (75th percentile); however, this definition and other arbitrary definitions lack clinical significance. This work suggests that fistula dilation should be considered together with clinical issues when determining the clinical significance of an aneurysm. Our finding that haemodialysis function, skin thickness and bleeding were not associated with diameter needs further study.
Sonographic Detection of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome
Authors: Rogers Bethany C. , Merideth Kelsy L.
Published: October 2014

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome is a disorder affecting the female reproductive system, which can result in an absent uterus and vagina or a partially absent vagina with a normal uterus. While this female reproductive disorder can be difficult to diagnose, transabdominal sonography is often the initial imaging modality used to evaluate the female pelvis in this patient population as many females are not diagnosed with the disorder until primary amenorrhea is noted around puberty. This case study presents a young female who is diagnosed with an absent uterus and vagina but normal ovaries and discusses the role that sonography plays in diagnosing Mayer-Rokitansky- Küster-Hauser syndrome.
Hybrid extragradient method for hierarchical variational inequalities
Authors: Ceng Lu-Chuan , Latif Abdul , Ansari Qamrul Hasan , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: October 2014

In this paper, we consider a hierarchical variational inequality problem (HVIP) defined over a common set of solutions of finitely many generalized mixed equilibrium problems, finitely many variational inclusions, a general system of variational inequalities, and the fixed point problem of a strictly pseudocontractive mapping. By combining Korpelevich’s extragradient method, the viscosity approximation method, the hybrid steepest-descent method and Mann’s iteration method, we introduce and analyze a multistep hybrid extragradient algorithm for finding a solution of our HVIP. It is proven that under appropriate assumptions, the proposed algorithm converges strongly to a solution of a general system of variational inequalities defined over a common set of solutions of finitely many generalized mixed equilibrium problems (GMEPs), finitely many variational inclusions, and the fixed point problem of a strictly pseudocontractive mapping. In the meantime, we also prove the strong convergence of the proposed algorithm to a unique solution of our HVIP. The results obtained in this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.

MSC:49J30, 47H09, 47J20.
Simulation of floating potentials in industrial applications by boundary element methods
Authors: Amann Dominic , Blaszczyk Andreas , Of Günther , Steinbach Olaf
Published: October 2014

We consider the electrostatic field computations with floating potentials in a multi-dielectric setting. A floating potential is an unknown equipotential value associated with an isolated perfect electric conductor, where the flux through the surface is zero. The floating potentials can be integrated into the formulations directly or can be approximated by a dielectric medium with high permittivity. We apply boundary integral equations for the solution of the electrostatic field problem. In particular, an indirect single layer potential ansatz and a direct formulation based on the Steklov-Poincaré interface equation are considered. All these approaches are discussed in detail and compared for several examples including some industrial applications. In particular, we will demonstrate that the formulations involving constraints are vastly superior to the penalized formulations with high permittivity, which are widely used in practice.

MSC: 65N38, 78A30.
Editorial: The intricacy of choice: can bacteria decide what type of myeloid cells to stimulate?
Authors: Gabrilovich Dmitry I
Published: October 2014

Discussion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion in patients with gram-positive sepsis.
Clinical challenges of chronic wounds: searching for an optimal animal model to recapitulate their complexity
Authors: Nunan Robert , Harding Keith G. , Martin Paul
Published: October 2014

The efficient healing of a skin wound is something that most of us take for granted but is essential for surviving day-to-day knocks and cuts, and is absolutely relied on clinically whenever a patient receives surgical intervention. However, the management of a chronic wound – defined as a barrier defect that has not healed in 3 months – has become a major therapeutic challenge throughout the Western world, and it is a problem that will only escalate with the increasing incidence of conditions that impede wound healing, such as diabetes, obesity and vascular disorders. Despite being clinically and molecularly heterogeneous, all chronic wounds are generally assigned to one of three major clinical categories: leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers or pressure ulcers. Although we have gleaned much knowledge about the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin healthy, acute wound healing from various animal models, we have learned much less about chronic wound repair pathology from these models. This might largely be because the animal models being used in this field of research have failed to recapitulate the clinical features of chronic wounds. In this Clinical Puzzle article, we discuss the clinical complexity of chronic wounds and describe the best currently available models for investigating chronic wound pathology. We also assess how such models could be optimised to become more useful tools for uncovering pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic treatments.
DESIGNING DIFFERENT LAYERS OF CRYSTALLINE LATTICE FOR ELEMENTS WITH USE THE METHODS OF THE OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Authors: Лыков  , Lykov S. , Лавлинский  , Lavlinskiy V. , Аушра  , Aushra A.
Published: October 2014

Approach of the designing different layers of crystalline lattice is described in this article for shaping the structure from element of the table of the Mendeleev’s system
MODELING OF VLSI ELEMENTS OF CIRCUIT ON LEVEL ON EXPOSURE HCP
Authors: Зольников  , Zolnikov Konstantin
Published: October 2014

Considered equivalent circuit for modeling elements rabotosposbnosti VLSI realization of the circuit level. The mathematical relations for this process
Exploring product liability: putting medical devices into a clinical context
Authors: Timms Kevin
Published: October 2014

Although adverse events related to medical devices such as dermal fillers occur frequently in medical aesthetics, they are often not reported by practitioners to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency or the product's manufacturer. As a solicitor in the rapidly developing legal area of product liability, Kevin Timms highlights the importance of using products as intended by manufacturers
Does paternal sterility impact on progeny germination and survivorship, case study in strawberries
Authors: NOSRATI Houshang
Published: October 2014

Studies on the parental role on progeny performance have mostly focused on the maternal parent, while less attention was given to the paternal parent. This study investigated the impact of paternal pollen sterility (ranging from 3.1 – to 77.2%) on F1 seed germination and progeny survivorship in Fragaria (strawberry, Rosaceae) using controlled crosses. In crosses within F. vesca ssp. vesca the paternal pollen sterility was not correlated with F1 seed germination (N = 14, p > 0.074) and progeny survivorship (N = 14, p > 0. 0.710). Paternal sterility in crosses between F. vesca ssp. vesca and F. vesca ssp. monophylla did not affect on F1 seed germination (N = 7, p > 0.295) and progeny survivorship (N = 6, p > 0.812). Similarly, no correlation was found between father pollen sterility and F1 seed germination (N = 6, p > 0.924) and progeny survivorship (N = 6, p > 0.215) in crosses between F. vesca ssp. americana and F. vesca ssp. vesca. Furthermore, crossing different maternal plants by pollen of the same paternal plant in all three cross types produced progeny with variable levels of F1 seed germination and survivorship. These results indicate the crucial role of maternal plant on progeny performance and support the general idea of the importance of maternal rather than paternal parent on progeny performance.
Rural sociology in studying and encouraging the development of agriculture and rural areas in Slovenia
Authors: BARBIČ Ana
Published: October 2014

The article in the first part describes beginnings and development of rural sociological research and teaching rural sociology at the universities in Slovenia. In the second part, a working model of integrated approach towards rural development is presented, and, on the basis of Slovenian as well as international experiences some suggestions for promoting the development of (Slovenian) agriculture and rural communities are specified. In the conclusion, the need for the interdisciplinary approach, especially greater consideration of social sciences in developmental planning is pointed out.
Evolution Management of Production Facilities by Semi-Automated Requirement Verification
Authors: Ladiges Jan , Haubeck Christopher , Fay Alexander , Lamersdorf Winfried
Published: October 2014

The concept described in this contribution utilizes available process data in
production systems to enable to verify the fulfillment of
(non-functional) requirements during operation. Therefore, the contribution presents a systematic approach to automatically derive
property values out of signal traces by using adaptable runtime models. Those can be checked for the violation of limit values in order
to verify the fulfillment or violation of requirements on these properties during an evolution. In an example application to a Pick and
Place unit, the concept is used together with an anomaly detection method to support the operator during the evolution process by
constantly providing information regarding requirement fulfillment.
Challenges of Parallel Evolution in Production Automation Focusing on Requirements Specification and Fault Handling
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Legat Christoph , Folmer Jens , Rösch Susanne
Published: October 2014

Evaluating research approaches in production automation can be cost- and time-intensive. Motivated by this challenge, the role of a case study which is open to the research community is discussed at first and recent developments towards an open case study, the Pick & Place Unit (PPU), are presented. Based on evolution aspects not covered by the PPU case study until now, an extension on requirements, fault handling and parallel evolution are presented as an example. While carving out essential aspects of these topics, various challenges were identified that conclude this article.
Investigation on Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Treating Ice Cream Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V.
Published: October 2014

In this study, a comparative approach was developed between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) in the predictive capabilities for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from ice cream industry wastewater using fluidized bed bioreactor. The effects of process variables such as pH, temperature, flow rate and agitation speed investigated using a four-factor three-level Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD). Same design was utilized to train a feed-forward multilayered perceptron (MLP) ANN with back-propagation algorithm. The predictive capabilities of the two methodologies were compared in terms of statistical parameters including coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that properly trained ANN model is more accurate in prediction as compared to RSM model. Under the optimum conditions (pH of 7, temperature of 40°C, flow rate of 20 ml/min and agitation speed of 175 rpm), 91% of COD was removed.
Implementations of the Taguchi design for the erosive wear of Luffa cylindrica fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
Authors: Mohanta Niharika , Acharya Samir Kumar
Published: October 2014

The processing, characterization, and wear response of a new class of natural fiber (Luffa cylindrica) hybrid composite are described. Composite laminates were fabricated by using the hand lay-up technique. Composites were made with a total of four piles by varying the number and position of glass layers so as to obtain different stacking sequences. The erosion rates of the composites were evaluated by varying the impingement angle, particle speed, and dose of the impinging particles. An experimental plan based on the Taguchi technique was used to achieve the erosion in a controlled way. The study reveals that the impact velocity is the most significant factor influencing the erosion rate of the hybrid composite.
Metaphorical conceptualizations of vertical and horizontal space in English press articles and their Greek translations
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria , Hoidas Spyros
Published: October 2014

The paper examines variation in the way the conceptualization of the vertical and the horizontal dimension is registered in original English and translated Greek press reports. It highlights intercultural variation which gives rise to different collocations across English source and Greek target press items. This intercultural variation may be one of the reasons why Greek learners’ EFL production is hard to reach near-native command of the counterpart English collocation system. A number of preferred image schemata emerge, which show that the English source text seems to favour vertical spatial relations, as opposed to the Greek target version, which seems to favour horizontal spatial relations. The Greek version of the data tends to blur the vertical, occasionally in favour of the horizontal. The findings raise awareness of spatial reasoning modifications in translation and shed light on intercultural awareness in interlingual mediation situations, such as EFL, ESP or translation settings. Parallel data (source and target versions of texts) can highlight aspects of shifts in translation situations, with far-reaching consequences in different areas of application.
Receptive multilingualism and its relevance to translation studies with data from interpreters of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages
Authors: Hlavac Jim
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the phenomenon of receptive multilingualism where speakers of two different languages communicate through each speaking his/her own language and understanding the other’s. Comprehension in such an interaction is aided by the speaker and the listener employing linguistic, discourse-pragmatic and other features which represent strategies of accommodation (i.e. reduction of linguistics dissimilarities). This phenomenon is not presented as an alternative to interpreting, but in the context of interpreters who work from or into a language which is closely related, but not identical to the language spoken by one of the participating clients. Background information is provided from language pairs with a high level of mutual intelligibility and the experiences of interpreters, while the focus of the data sample is on 23 interpreters who have accreditation in one, two or three of the following closely-related languages: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. Responses are elicited on the following: self-reported incidence of accommodation in non-interpreted interactions; linguistic and ethical protocols when a different, but closely-related language is used by a client; comments from clients about interpreters’ proficiency and ethnicity; attitudes on the distinctiveness of the three languages and future intelligibility. Informants’ linguistic behaviour is analysed according to the number of accreditations held and, in general, those with three accreditations report the highest levels of accommodation.
Regional economic growth in Hungary 1998–2005: What does really matter in clusters?
Authors: Lengyel Balázs , Szakálné Kanó Izabella
Published: October 2014

Although industry clusters are major targets of regional economic development in less developed regions as well, we still need a deeper understanding of how the spatial clustering of firms generates dynamics in lagging regions. These latter environments may differ from the typical cluster policy examples that are usually specialised global centres of dynamically growing industries. Using census-type data of Hungarian firms, we test the effect of major cluster indicators — regional specialisation and spatial concentration of industries — and the impact of FDI on regional productivity and employment growth in Hungary. Our results suggest that regional specialisation does not affect regional growth, while the spatial concentration of industries is found to influence productivity and employment growth with an overwhelmingly negative effect. Furthermore, regional employment growth is associated negatively with the initial level of regional specialisation. Results suggest that Hungary has evolved into a dual economy in which previously specialised regions and geographically concentrated industries have lost their pace, while the main factor that favoured regional economic growth was the presence of large foreign companies. Therefore, economic policies fostering regional specialisation and the spatial concentration of industries — such as cluster policy — may have minor effects unless the interaction of foreign-owned and domestic companies is encouraged.
Arguments for deliberative participation in local economic development
Authors: Bajmócy Zoltán , Gébert Judit
Published: October 2014

According to the common sense, experts, backed up by scientific methods, describe the “possible states of the world” in a value-neutral way. Then, in the political arena, delegates build on these proposals, but also consider values and interests. The present paper attempts to revise such an understanding of local economic development (LED) and argues that many of the deficiencies deriving from such a view can be remedied by deliberative participation, which is not merely a theoretical necessity, but also a practical possibility.With regard to the issue of public participation and deliberation, the paper identifies two main approaches in the LED literature: the “political” and the “apolitical”, of which the latter is mainly characterised by economic theorising. We take a closer look at the “apolitical” approach and demonstrate that in fact it is very much political. Therefore, we call for the transgression of the borderline between politics and expertise in LED, and suggest a joint democratisation of these interrelated terrains. We argue that deliberative participation is able to contribute to the quality of both the expert proposals and the working of the politics.
“Dohnányi was not—and could not have possibly been—a war criminal” the Hungarian defense of Ernő Dohnányi, 1945–1949
Authors: Grymes James
Published: October 2014

In the years following World War II, Ernő Dohnányi was falsely accused of being a war criminal. Although scholars have assumed that this smear campaign was the result of a conspiracy by the entire Hungarian musical community, this widely accepted belief overlooks a number of prominent Hungarian musicians who consistently came to Dohnányi’s defense. In 1945, Zoltán Kodály led a delegation of musicians from the Franz Liszt Academy of Music who convinced the Hungarian Minister of Justice to remove Dohnányi’s name from an unofficial list of war criminals. In the following year, Kodály and Ede Zathureczky, who had succeeded Dohnányi as the Director General of the Liszt Academy, wrote letters to the US military government in support of Dohnányi’s rehabilitation. Finally, in 1949, Zathureczky obtained confirmation from the Ministry of Justice that the investigation of Dohnányi had been terminated—a message that Kodály himself communicated to Dohnányi. Drawing on documents from the Liszt Academy archives and the Dohnányi estate, this article chronicles the previously unknown Hungarian defense of Ernő Dohnányi.
Critical Metrics and Fundamental Materials Challenges for Renewable Hydrogen Production Technologies
Authors: Miller Eric L. , Peterson David , Randolph Katie , Ainscough Chris
Published: October 2014

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Office has made significant progress in fuel cell technology advancement and cost reduction. Encouragingly, rollouts of fuel-cell vehicles by major automotive manufacturers are scheduled over the next several years. With these rollouts, enabling technologies for the widespread production of affordable renewable hydrogen becomes increasingly important. Near-term utilization of current reforming and electrolytic processes is necessary for early hydrogen markets, but transitioning to industrial-scale renewable hydrogen production remains essential to the longer term. Central to the long term vision is a portfolio of renewable hydrogen conversion processes, including, for example, the direct photoelectrochemical and thermochemical routes, as well as photo-assisted electrochemical routes. DOE utilizes technoeconomic analyses to assess the long-term viability of these emerging hydrogen production pathways and to help identify key materials- and system-level cost drivers. Sensitivity analysis from the technoeconomic studies will be discussed in connection with the metrics and fundamental materials properties that have direct impact on hydrogen cost. It is clear that innovations in macro-, meso- and nano-scale materials are all needed for pushing forward the state-of-the-art. These innovations, along with specific research and development pathways for advancing materials systems for the renewable hydrogen conversion technologies are discussed.
An investigation of alterations in Zhanjiang clay properties due to atmospheric oxidation
Authors: ZHANG X.W. , KONG L.W. , LI J.
Published: October 2014

The aim of the work presented in this paper is to investigate the mechanism underlying the oxidation of the Zhanjiang clay located in the Leizhou Peninsula, China. It focuses on the changes in physical–mechanical, microstructural, mineralogical and chemical properties of the natural Zhanjiang clay after 180 days' atmospheric oxidation. The experimental results show that, owing to oxidation, the clay colour changes from greyish green to yellow. The degree of agglomeration has been improved, but the plasticity, swelling–shrinkage properties, sensitivity and yield strength have been reduced. Although the oxidation has enhanced the mechanical properties of the soil seemingly, the structural strength has been weakened, so that it would bring long-term harm to the mechanical stability of the soil. Based on the experimental findings, the mechanism underlying the oxidation is proposed; it is affected by microstructure changes and is attributed to the alterations in the connection form between particles due to the soil–solution–atmosphere reactions and kinetics, rather than the transformation of clay minerals. It is believed that the work presented in this paper would be helpful for the prediction and control of geologic and engineering hazards due to environmental changes.
Operation of Fill‐and‐Draw Reactors Fed with Bisphenol A as Sole Carbon and Energy Source
Authors: Dionisi Davide , Erekaife Bridget , Maclean Jennifer
Published: October 2014

While there is ample evidence in the literature that many organic xenobiotics can be biodegraded as sole carbon and energy source by pure batch cultures of selected microorganisms, the same evidence is very limited for continuous or semi‐continuous mixed‐culture processes simulating biological wastewater treatment plants. This study investigates for the first time whether Bisphenol A (BPA) can be removed and used as sole carbon and energy source by mixed microbial cultures in a semi‐continuous process. Four fill and draw bioreactors were inoculated with unacclimated soil and operated at various hydraulic retention times (HRT), in the range of 1.7–4.2 d, using a feed composed solely of BPA (115 mg/l), and mineral salts. At steady‐state, the BPA removal in the four reactors varied in the range 7.5–19% and did not show a significant trend with the HRT. The maximum growth rate on BPA was measured in the range 0.29–1.54 d−1.
Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows Using Ferrate (VI)
Authors: Gandhi Rohan , Ray Ajay K. , Sharma Virender K. , Nakhla George
Published: October 2014

This paper presents the results of a study conducted on the treatment of combined sewer overflows using ferrate (VI) [Fe (VI)]. At a Fe (VI) dose of 0.24 mg/L, total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), total biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD5), soluble biochemical oxygen demand (SBOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and soluble TN removal efficiencies of 71, 75, 69, 68, 72, 83, 64, 38, and 36%, respectively, were achieved. Kinetic studies revealed that a contact time of only 15 minutes is sufficient to achieve secondary effluent criteria. An innovative technique of using primary sludge (PS) and thickened waste activated sludge as a source for the in situ synthesis of ferrate was developed. A comparative study of treatment efficiencies achieved by Fe (VI) generated from different sources was done. At 0.1 mg/L dose of Fe (VI) synthesized from PS, TCOD, SCOD, TSS, VSS, TP, and TN removal efficiencies of 60, 62, 63, 67, 30, and 25%, respectively, were achieved.
Laboratory Comparison of Four Iron‐Based Filter Materials for Water Treatment of Trace Element Contaminants
Authors: Allred Barry J. , Tost Brian C.
Published: October 2014

A laboratory investigation provided preliminary comparison of trace element contaminant water treatment capabilities for four iron‐based filter materials. The iron‐based filter materials tested were zero‐valent iron (ZVI), porous iron composite (PIC), sulfur modified iron (SMI), and iron oxide/hydroxide (IOH). Two types of trace element contaminant solutions were tested, one combined As, Cr, and Se (added as AsO43–, CrO42–, and SeO42–, respectively), while the second combined Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+. The laboratory investigation included saturated falling‐head hydraulic conductivity tests, contaminant removal–desorption/dissolution batch tests, and low‐to‐high flow rate saturated solute transport column tests. Hydraulic conductivity test results indicate that all four iron‐based filter materials have sufficient water flow capacity as indicated by saturated hydraulic conductivity values greater than 1 × 10−2 cm/s. Essentially, 100% of each trace element (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Se) was removed by SMI during the contaminant removal portion of the batch tests and during the column tests, while IOH exhibited good removal of each trace element except Se. Results from the contaminant removal portion of the batch tests and from the column tests showed ZVI and PIC were effective in treating Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb. With the exception of Se adsorption/precipitation onto IOH, the desorption/dissolution portion of the batch tests showed that once As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, or Se are adsorbed/precipitated onto ZVI, PIC, SMI, or IOH particle surfaces, these trace elements are then not readily desorbed or dissolved back into solution.
The Use of PDF/A in Digital Archives: A Case Study from Archaeology
Authors: Evans Tim N. L. , Moore Ray H.
Published: October 2014

In recent years the Portable Document Format (PDF) has become a ubiquitous format in the exchange of documents; in 2005 the PDF/A profile was defined in order to meet long term accessibility needs, and has accordingly come to be regarded as a long-term archiving strategy for PDF files. In the field of archaeology, a growing number of PDF files â€“ containing the detailed results of fieldwork and research â€“ are beginning to be deposited with digital archives such as the Archaeology Data Service (ADS). In the ADSâ€™ experience, the use of PDF/A has had benefits as well as drawbacks: the majority of PDF reports are now in a standard format better suited to longer-term access, however migrating to PDF/A and managing and ensuring reuse of these files is intensive, and fraught with potential pitfalls. Of these, perhaps the most serious has been an unreliability in PDF/A conformance by the wide range of tools and software now available. There are also practical and more theoretical implications for reuse which, as our discipline of archaeology alongside so many others rapidly becomes digitized, presents us with a large corpus of â€˜dataâ€™ that is human readable, but may not be amenable to machine-based technologies such as NLP. It may be argued that these factors effectively undermine some of the perceived cost benefit of moving from paper to digital, as well as the longer-term sustainability of PDF/A within digital archives.
Appraisal and Selection for Digital Curation
Authors: Niu Jinfang
Published: October 2014

Based on existing appraisal/selection policies in libraries, archives, museum, social science and science data centers, this paper presents a generic appraisal/selection framework for digital curation. In presenting this framework, the author discusses how archival appraisal theories, methods, and criteria adapt to the general digital curation context.
The PBase Scientific Workflow Provenance Repository
Authors: Cuevas-VicenttÃ­n VÃ­ctor , Kianmajd Parisa , LudÃ¤scher Bertram , Missier Paolo , Chirigati Fernando , Wei Yaxing , Koop David , Dey Saumen
Published: October 2014

Scientific workflows and their supporting systems are becoming increasingly popular for compute-intensive and data-intensive scientific experiments. The advantages scientific workflows offer include rapid and easy workflow design, software and data reuse, scalable execution, sharing and collaboration, and other advantages that altogether facilitate â€œreproducible scienceâ€. In this context, provenance â€“ information about the origin, context, derivation, ownership, or history of some artifact â€“ plays a key role, since scientists are interested in examining and auditing the results of scientific experiments. However, in order to perform such analyses on scientific results as part of extended research collaborations, an adequate environment and tools are required. Concretely, the need arises for a repository that will facilitate the sharing of scientific workflows and their associated execution traces in an interoperable manner, also enabling querying and visualization. Furthermore, such functionality should be supported while taking performance and scalability into account. With this purpose in mind, we introduce PBase: a scientific workflow provenance repository implementing the ProvONE proposed standard, which extends the emerging W3C PROV standard for provenance data with workflow specific concepts. PBase is built on the Neo4j graph database, thus offering capabilities such as declarative and efficient querying. Our experiences demonstrate the power gained by supporting various types of queries for provenance data. In addition, PBase is equipped with a user friendly interface tailored for the visualization of scientific workflow provenance data, making the specification of queries and the interpretation of their results easier and more effective.
On a conjecture of Nevai
Authors: Notarangelo Incoronata
Published: October 2014

It is shown that a conjecture concerning the derivatives of orthogonal
polynomials, proved by Nevai in 1990 for generalized Jacobi weights, holds
for doubling weights as well.
Internal Control Quality: The Role of Auditor-Provided Tax Services
Authors: De Simone Lisa , Ege Matthew S. , Stomberg Bridget
Published: October 2014

We propose that auditor-provided tax services (tax NAS) improve internal control quality by accelerating audit firm awareness of transactions material to the financial statements. Using data from 2004 to 2012, we find robust evidence that companies purchasing tax NAS are significantly less likely to disclose a material weakness and that this result is not due to auditor independence impairment. A one-standard-deviation increase in tax NAS is associated with approximately a 13 percent decrease in the rate of material weaknesses relative to the base rate. These results are robust to tests addressing endogeneity concerns. Additional cross-sectional analyses reveal expected increased effects of tax NAS on internal control quality (1) after significant operational changes that require changes to the internal control structure, and (2) earlier in the relationship with the financial statement audit firm, when there are fewer established lines of communication between the audit team and client. This paper contributes to the knowledge spillover literature by identifying a mechanism through which tax NAS improve overall financial reporting quality.
The Impact of Multiple Tax Returns on Tax Compliance Behavior
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudip , Moreno Kimberly K. , Salbador Debra A.
Published: October 2014

Tax compliance research has used prospect theory to describe taxpayers' behavior finding that taxpayers with pending payments due (loss frame) report more aggressively than taxpayers with pending refunds (gain frame). Since taxpayers often file multiple returns and prior research has only examined the impact of single returns on compliance behavior, we extend the research by incorporating the element of taxpayers filing multiple returns (state and federal returns). This study compares taxpayers' behavior in a single net refund or single net payment due condition versus a multiple refund (larger refund and smaller payment due) or multiple payments due condition (larger payment due and smaller refund). Using mental accounting theory, the results show that taxpayers' aggressiveness shifts up in a refund position when the refund is presented as multiple returns rather than a single net return. Taxpayers' aggressiveness shifts down when their payment due position is presented as multiple returns rather than a single net return. While the results in the single net return conditions were consistent with prior compliance research, the results in the multiple returns conditions show a shift in taxpayer aggressiveness from prior research where taxpayers were less aggressive in the multiple payment due condition than the multiple refund condition. A path analysis lends insight into these results by finding that taxpayers' compliance behavior in the single net return and multiple returns conditions is driven by their affective reactions to their tax position. These results suggest that prior tax compliance research that has not incorporated multiple returns may be missing an essential element of the decision environment. These results also extend the growing body of accounting research on mental accounting by providing some initial insight into the role of affect on behavior for single versus multiple outcomes.
Prospective evaluation of access incision position for minimally invasive surgical organ exposure in cats
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Mayhew Kelli N. , Shilo-Benjamini Yael , Kass Philip H. , Pascoe Peter J.
Published: October 2014

Objective—To evaluate the exposure obtained for minimally invasive abdominal organ biopsy (MIOB) from 3 access incisions in cats.

Design—Prospective experimental study and clinical case series.

Animals—6 purpose-bred research cats and 6 feline clinical patients with indications for abdominal organ biopsy.

Procedures—Three 3-cm incisions into the peritoneal cavity were created at different locations along the linea alba in research cats in randomized order. A wound retraction device was inserted in each incision. Ability to exteriorize various abdominal organs to the extent required to reasonably perform a surgical biopsy was recorded, and results were compared among incision sites. On the basis of results obtained, the access incision that provided exposure of the most frequently biopsied abdominal organs was used to perform MIOB in 6 feline clinical patients with various underlying pathological conditions.

Results—On the basis of experiments with research cats, a 3-cm access incision centered midway between the caudal margin of the xiphoid cartilage and the umbilicus was found to provide access for MIOB for most organs. In 5 of 6 clinical patients, all of the organs of interest were biopsied successfully via this incision location, although access to all hepatic lobes and all parts of the pancreas was inconsistent. In 1 cat, conversion to an open approach was performed because a palpable mass was detected in the area of the duodenocolic ligament.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Optimization of access incision location for MIOB allowed biopsy specimen collection from organs of interest to be performed in a minimally invasive manner in cats.
PbSe-Based Colloidal Core/Shell Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Zaiats Gary , Yanover Diana , Vaxenburg Roman , Tilchin Jenya , Sashchiuk Aldona , Lifshitz Efrat
Published: October 2014

Lead-based (IV–VI) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are of widespread scientific and technological interest owing to their size-tunable band-gap energy in the near-infrared optical region. This article reviews the synthesis of PbSe-based heterostructures and their structural and optical investigations at various temperatures. The review focuses on the structures consisting of a PbSe core coated with a PbSexS1–x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) or CdSe shell. The former-type shells were epitaxially grown on the PbSe core, while the latter-type shells were synthesized using partial cation-exchange. The influence of the QD composition and the ambient conditions, i.e., exposure to oxygen, on the QD optical properties, such as radiative lifetime, Stokes shift, and other temperature-dependent characteristics, was investigated. The study revealed unique properties of core/shell heterostructures of various compositions, which offer the opportunity of fine-tuning the QD electronic structure by changing their architecture. A theoretical model of the QD electronic band structure was developed and correlated with the results of the optical studies. The review also outlines the challenges related to potential applications of colloidal PbSe-based heterostructures.
Laser Driven Compression to Investigate Shock-Induced Melting of Metals
Authors: De Rességuier Thibaut , Loison Didier , Dragon André , Lescoute Emilien
Published: October 2014

High pressure shock compression induces a large temperature increase due to the dissipation within the shock front. Hence, a solid sample subjected to intense shock loading can melt, partially or fully, either on compression or upon release from the shocked state. In particular, such melting is expected to be associated with specific damage and fragmentation processes following shock propagation. In this paper, we show that laser driven shock experiments can provide a procedure to investigate high pressure melting of metals at high strain rates, which is an issue of key interest for various engineering applications as well as for geophysics. After a short description of experimental and analytical tools, we briefly review some former results reported for tin, then we present more recent observations for aluminum and iron.
Piceatannol and Its Metabolite, Isorhapontigenin, Induce SIRT1 Expression in THP-1 Human Monocytic Cell Line
Authors: Kawakami Shinpei , Kinoshita Yosuke , Maruki-Uchida Hiroko , Yanae Koji , Sai Masahiko , Ito Tatsuhiko
Published: October 2014

Piceatannol is a phytochemical that is present in large amounts in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seeds, and is an analog of resveratrol. Recently, the absorption and metabolism of piceatannol were investigated in rats, and isorhapontigenin, O-methyl piceatannol, was detected as a piceatannol metabolite in rat plasma. To elucidate the function of piceatannol and its metabolites, we investigated the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in THP-1 monocytic cells after treatment with piceatannol and its metabolites, and compared their effects with those of resveratrol and its metabolites. Piceatannol and resveratrol upregulated the expression levels of SIRT1 mRNA and SIRT1 protein. An extract of passion fruit seeds, which contained high levels of piceatannol, also upregulated SIRT1 mRNA expression. As for the metabolites, isorhapontigenin upregulated SIRT1 mRNA expression, whereas resveratrol glucuronides and sulfate did not affect SIRT1 expression. These findings indicate that after intake of piceatannol, not only piceatannol itself, but also its metabolite, isorhapontigenin, contributed to the upregulation of SIRT1 expression.
Memetic Algorithm-Based Multi-Objective Coverage Optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chen Zhi , Li Shuai , Yue Wenjing
Published: October 2014

Maintaining effective coverage and extending the network lifetime as much as possible has become one of the most critical issues in the coverage of WSNs. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective coverage optimization algorithm for WSNs, namely MOCADMA, which models the coverage control of WSNs as the multi-objective optimization problem. MOCADMA uses a memetic algorithm with a dynamic local search strategy to optimize the coverage of WSNs and achieve the objectives such as high network coverage, effective node utilization and more residual energy. In MOCADMA, the alternative solutions are represented as the chromosomes in matrix form, and the optimal solutions are selected through numerous iterations of the evolution process, including selection, crossover, mutation, local enhancement, and fitness evaluation. The experiment and evaluation results show MOCADMA can have good capabilities in maintaining the sensing coverage, achieve higher network coverage while improving the energy efficiency and effectively prolonging the network lifetime, and have a significant improvement over some existing algorithms.
Fabrication and Evaluation of a Micro(Bio)Sensor Array Chip for Multiple Parallel Measurements of Important Cell Biomarkers
Authors: Pemberton Roy , Cox Timothy , Tuffin Rachel , Drago Guido , Griffiths John , Pittson Robin , Johnson Graham , Xu Jinsheng , Sage Ian , Davies Rhodri , Jackson Simon , Kenna Gerry , Luxton Richard , Hart John
Published: October 2014

This report describes the design and development of an integrated electrochemical cell culture monitoring system, based on enzyme-biosensors and chemical sensors, for monitoring indicators of mammalian cell metabolic status. MEMS technology was used to fabricate a microwell-format silicon platform including a thermometer, onto which chemical sensors (pH, O2) and screen-printed biosensors (glucose, lactate), were grafted/deposited. Microwells were formed over the fabricated sensors to give 5-well sensor strips which were interfaced with a multipotentiostat via a bespoke connector box interface. The operation of each sensor/biosensor type was examined individually, and examples of operating devices in five microwells in parallel, in either potentiometric (pH sensing) or amperometric (glucose biosensing) mode are shown. The performance characteristics of the sensors/biosensors indicate that the system could readily be applied to cell culture/toxicity studies.
High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology
Authors: Trasobares Jorge , Vaurette François , François Marc , Romijn Hans , Codron Jean-Louis , Vuillaume Dominique , Théron Didier , Clément Nicolas
Published: October 2014

E-beam lithography has been used for reliable and versatile fabrication of sub-15 nm single-crystal gold nanoarrays and led to convincing applications in nanotechnology. However, so far this technique was either too slow for centimeter to wafer-scale writing or fast enough with the so-called dot on the fly (DOTF) technique but not optimized for sub-15 nm dots dimension. This prevents use of this technology for some applications and characterization techniques. Here, we show that the DOTF technique can be used without degradation in dots dimension. In addition, we propose two other techniques. The first one is an advanced conventional technique that goes five times faster than the conventional one. The second one relies on sequences defined before writing which enable versatility in e-beam patterns compared to the DOTF technique with same writing speed. By comparing the four different techniques, we evidence the limiting parameters for the writing speed. Wafer-scale fabrication of such arrays with 50 nm pitch allowed XPS analysis of a ferrocenylalkyl thiol self-assembled monolayer coated gold nanoarray.