bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and pancreatic cyst: a case report
Authors:   Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliate Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, Hua Hao , Ran Xun , Chen Yi-gang , Hu Chao-quan , Li Fu-tang , Zuo Shi , Sun Cheng-yi , Yu Chao
Published: April 2022

Synchronous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) and pancreatic cyst are very rare. Herein, we report a case of pNET combined with a pancreatic cyst in a 49-year-old female. The patient first presented with a complaint of persistent pain in the right upper abdomen. As a follow-up, CT scan was performed that showed a solid pNET of 2-cm in diameter and a pancreatic cyst of 5-cm in the tail. Then, the subsequent distal pancreatomy with splenectomy was performed. The tumor histologically diagnosed with a cystic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Therefore, it is critical to get a deep insight into this seldom tumor. Surgery remains the standard option of treatment for pNET.
Content analysis of Islamiyat (Compulsory) Textbooks of class 5th session 2019-2020 and session 2021-2122(SNC syllabus)
Authors: Jepps Jepps , Hussain Iqbal , Abbas Farhat , Asim Raazia
Published: April 2022

Islamiyat is not a modern concept in Pakistan. It is being taught in Pakistan as compulsory subject for many years after the birth of Pakistan. As a Muslim, it is our religious duty to learn it’s all concepts that’s why the Punjab government has declared it as a separate subject for all schools and the Nazara Quran in the framework of the SNC. It was lacking in all educational policies. Nazara Quran as a compulsory subject will help the students to develop the positive changes as per needs of our religion. Textbooks play an important role in this regard. This study was designed to explore the content analysis of the Islamiyat of class 5th session 2019-2020 and 2021-2022(SNC syllabus). The finding of the study examined those textbooks where significant differences in contents between the two books. Some new things are added and somethings are deleted. Main thing of SNC syllabus Islamiyat book is that Khatamun Nabyeen (S.A.W.) is placed along with our beloved Prophet Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) which is the most important addition being follower of the last Prophet (S.A.W). During the content analysis we have fined some similarities between these two books like promoting the Islamic. Booth books have the ability to develop moral values in our students to lead the life according to Islam. These books also promote the concept of unity, brotherhood, punctuality and love with nation and country.
Are Pakhtuns Ethnically Violent? Comparative Study of Patterns of Tolerance and Aggression among the Chitralis and Pakhtuns
Authors: Jswd Jswd , Din Inzimam-Ud , Sajid Imran Ahmed
Published: April 2022

This is a quantitative study that explores the relationship between aggression, tolerance, and ethnicity. The participating ethnic groups were university students from Chitral and Dir. The data was collected using Buss Parry Aggression Scale and Interpersonal Tolerance Scale. The data shows that there is no significant difference between Chitrali and Pakhtun students on the aggression scale. Further, there is a non-significant difference between Pakhtun and Chitrali students on tolerance scales. The study suggests more education and cross-cultural interaction that might reduce violent behaviors and promote tolerance and peace.
An Analysis of Parents' Perceptions about Using Smart Gadgets by Pre-School Students during Pandemic-19
Authors: Jswd Jswd , Almas Iqra , Abbas Muhammad Salma , Waheed Abdul
Published: April 2022

This research examines the implementation of technology-based learning, such as the use of android, personal computers, and IPads. The action of this research is the use of digital technology for early childhood on the role of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. This method was chosen because the researcher wanted to identify the parents' responses through a questionnaire on the use of technology as well as some of the roles of parents towards their children during taking advantage of this technology. That way, the survey method is considered very suitable to be used and in line with the function of survey research, namely to collect and explain opinions or opinions from a group of people (samples) on a particular topic. The number of samples in this study was 385 respondents (parents). The simple random technique is the sampling technique of choice used by researchers in sampling. Location research is Bahawalpur City. This research data was obtained online through the google forms platform. The instrument used is a questionnaire regarding the use of technology through the role of parents. The statements in this research questionnaire are 10 statements. There are five Likert scales used, namely very often (5), often (4), sometimes (3), never (2), and never (1).
The role of CMR in the evaluation of microvascular coronary dysfunction and in the diagnosis of other causes of MINOCA in patients with NSTEMI
Authors:   Institute of Cardiology, the Republic of Moldova, Dicusar Olga , Darii Olga ,   Bakulev Scientific Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Russia Federation, Popovici Ion ,   NovaMed Polyvalent Hospital, Republic of Moldova, Munteanu Mihaela ,   Institute of Cardiology, the Republic of Moldova, Ciobanu Lucia ,   NovaMed Polyvalent Hospital, Republic of Moldova, Ivanov Victoria ,   Institute of Cardiology, the Republic of Moldova, Popovici Mihail ,   Institute of Cardiology, the Republic of Moldova
Published: April 2022

Myocardial infarction without coronary artery obstruction (MINOCA) is 3 times more common in patients with NSTEMI compared to STEMI. The potential etiology of MINOCA can be divided in coronary and non-coronary causes. At the same time, an important role in its etiopathogenesis is played by microvascular coronary dysfunction (DCM). The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a non-invasive method of evaluating DCM in patients with NSTEMI and in addition, to verify the substrate of MINOCA according to CMR. A diagnostic examination was carried out in 16 patients, of which coronary etiology was confirmed only in 1/3, the rest of the patients had a non-coronary etiology of the disease (myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy). Microvascular coronary dysfunction (CDM) was determined in 30% of patients with non-coronary impairment (group I) and in 50% of those with coronary heart disease (group II) (χ² = 0.64, p> 0.05). Significant differences between groups were observed in the localization of fibrosis, so in group II, according to CMR, all patients had subendocardial fibrosis - 100%, while in group I, intramural fibrosis prevailed in 50% (n = 5), subepicardial fibrosis - 20% (n = 2) and in 20% (n = 2) both types of contrast enhancement were noted, χ² = 12.44 p < 0.05. In conclusion, CMR is an important diagnostic tool both in assessing the causes of MINOCA and in evaluating DCM in this category of patients. However, further studies are needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this method in the study of coronary microcirculation.
Formulation and Evaluation of Expectorant activity of Poly Herbal Cough Syrup from Traditional Medicinal Plant extracts of North East India
Authors: Sharma Bijay , Bagchi Arnab , Bhutia Sonam , Ray Sarkar Bapi , Pal Prosanta
Published: April 2022

Poly Herbal formulation composed of multi components which produce synergistic effect apart from boost up of body natural immunity. Plants material may contains polysaccharide, mucilage and tannin which are responsible for the synergism of “active principles”. The Poly herbal cough syrup was prepared by mixing of extracts from five different plants namely Ocimum sanctum, Adhatoda vasica, Cinnamomum verum, Cardamomum subulatum and Ephedra sinica in a syrupy base. The evaluation of the formulation was done by determining different physical parameters such as pH, surface tension, total solid content, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index and expectorant activity of the cough preparation was done on phenol red induced mice model. The pH, surface tension, total solid content, specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index were found to be 4.82, 54.32 dynes/cm, 38.20% w/v, 1.324 (at 250C), 4.68cp and 1.43 respectively. There was a significant increase (P<0.001) in expectorant activity of the formulation at the doses of 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg as compared to the control group. So the herbal formulation could be used to alleviate mucous secretion from bronchial tract.
Hematology profile, Nutritional status and Health complaints of Pertamina Fuel Station Operators in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Hardi S. Ikhram , Martiana Tri , Adriani Merryana , Suharni Suharni
Published: April 2022

This study aims to explain the haematological profile, nutritional status and health complaints of Pertamina fuel station operators in Makassar City. This descriptive observational study conducted with 29 subjects as operators in two Pertamina fuel stations. Data of haematology profile was obtained through haematology examined by Prodia Makassar Clinical Laboratory, nutritional status by measurement of BMI (Body Mass Index) and health complaints were taken by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive tests. The hematological profile of subjects data focused on abnormal result frequency, mean and min-max include Hb Levels (10.3%; 12.30-16.80 g/dl), Hematocrit Levels (6.9%; 35.90-48.80%), Erythrocyte Levels (3.4%; 3.98-5.74 106/µL), MCV Levels (0%; 81.30-92.90 fL), MCH Levels (0%; 27.70-32.80 pg), MCHC levels (3.4%; 33.10-36.40 g/dL), RDW-CV levels (6.9%; 11.30-13.90%), Platelet Levels (10.3%; 145.00-495.00 103/µL), Leukocyte Levels (10.3%; 5.50-13.30 103/µL), Basophile Levels (10.3%; 0.20-1.30%), Eucinophil Levels (65.5%; 0.50-11.50 %), Neutrophil Levels (27.6%; 36.10-67.40%), Lymphocyte Levels (17.2%; 24.80-52.40%), Monocyte Levels (27.6%; 5.30-15.10%), ESR Level (6.9%; 2.00-25.00 mm/hr). Furthermore, nutritional status shown that thin (17.2%), Normal (58.6%) and Fat (24.1%); (17.10-33.60kg/m2) and data of Health Complaint were mild complaints (62.1%) and severe complaints (37.9%). This research found that Eucinophil was the highest haematological profile abnormal (more than half of the subject of study) and all of the subjects had MCV and MCH at a normal level. Only some subjects were thin and fat on nutritional status. Moreover, there were much more subjects had severe complaints. So, it is recommended to identified factors related to cause of abnormal haematology profile and the severe complaints and how to cope it.
Development and Validation of Head-Space Gas Chromatographic Method in Tandem with Flame ionized detection for the determination of Residual Solvents in Letermovir API synthesis
Authors: Krishnaiah P. Bala , Prema Chandrika R.E.M.
Published: April 2022

Residual solvent testing is an integral part of reference material certification. A gas chromatography / flame ionization detector/headspace method has been developed and validated to detect and quantitate commonly used residual solvents in our production processes: ethyl acetate, MTBE, Toluene and isopropyl acetatein Letermovir API. HS-GC method in a simple and selective manner is delineated for the quantification and determination of Residual Solvents in Letermovir API. The separation of solvents along with drug on Chromatographic chamber was processed on USP G43 equivalent capillary column Thermo Scientific™ Trace GOLD™ TG-624 SilMS, 30 m × 0.32mm × 1.8µm column (P/N 26059-3390) using nitrogen as carrier gas by using different temperature gradient of FID Detectors. Linearity was observed in the range 10-50µg/ml for ethyl acetate, MTBE, Toluene and isopropyl acetate (r2>0.999) for the amount of solvent determined through sophisticated methods was in good agreement. The proposed methods were validated. The method of accuracy was assessed by recovery studies at three different levels.The method was found to be precise as indicated by the repeatability analysis, showing %RSD less than 10 for ethyl acetate, MTBE, Toluene and isopropyl acetate. All statistical data proves validity of the methods and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical active ingredients for estimation of Residual Solvents of ethyl acetate, MTBE, Toluene and isopropyl acetate in Letermovir. Method validation comprised the following parameters: limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity and range, accuracy, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision), system suitability, specificity, and robustness. Linearity (micrograms/mL) and LOQ (ppm) are listed for each solvent in manuscript. The present method was proven to be robust and accurate for quantitative analysis of residual solvent in neat materials.
Neuroprotective effects of feeding Centella asiatica (L) Urb. – Study of hippocampal neurons in pups born to alcohol-fed female Wistar rats
Authors: KV Mitha , Jaiswal Yadav Saraswati , K S Rashmi , Bolumbu Ganaraja
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the neuroprotective function of C. asiatica on the offsprings in maternal alcohol abuse. Centella Asiatica (C. asiatica) has been known to Indian traditional medicine Ayurveda as an effective brain tonic. Alcohol is an abused substance and poses a health risk to all in society, including pregnant women. We force-fed alcohol to pregnant rats and studied its effect on rat pups' hippocampus, which were fed with C. asiatica. The results were also correlated to the cognitive performance of the animals. Methods: Adult female rats, confirmed of pregnancy, were fed with 30% (w/v) alcohol at a dosage of 20g/kg body weight, daily oral gavage. The pups were divided into seven groups (n=6 each) as control and experimental/treated. Results: Hippocampus was isolated, and the slices were stained, and the cell count was done by applying appropriate techniques. The pup quality, cognitive parameters showed differences in alcohol-treated groups. The cell count was performed and compared among the groups. A significant increase in the cell count and the hippocampal neuron population's size was observed in the rats fed with C. asiatica extract. The pup quality was also better. Their cognitive performance was significantly better. Conclusion: This study revealed the adverse effects of fetal alcohol exposure, which reversed after treatment with C. asiatica. This study confirms the role of C. asiatica as an effective neuroprotective agent, and it could be useful to treat the patients suffering from the effects of exposure to alcohol in fetal life and early childhood.
The Status of Women Among the Tribal Communities of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mal Surajit , Khatun Sahina
Published: April 2022

The tribal population has been enumerated as scheduled tribe population since 1951 in accordance to the constitution (Scheduled tribe) order, 1950. They are the aboriginal or Adivasi or early settler of India and they are the most backward groups in India. This paper focuses on the status of tribal women in their community with respect to their male counterparts both in general and tribal populations. Four indicators such as sex ratio, literacy rate, the general fertility rate of women and women's work participation rate are taken to assess the status and the gender discrimination among the tribal communities. The modified Sopher’s Disparity Index (1974) of Kundu and Rao (1986) has been used to identify the gender disparity and Pearson’s correlation co-efficient techniques have been used to analyze the correlation among the indicators. It has been found that like any other community in India, tribal women face gender discrimination. They are engaged in different economic sectors as economic assets of tribal households but they are often deprived to get their social rights. This paper also finds out the causes of gender disparity and suggests some measures to mitigate the gender discrimination.
Literary Communication: Rethinking Love and Divinity in Some Select Texts
Authors: Patnaik Suchona , Kumar Mohanty Ashok
Published: April 2022

The world of literature embodies rich experience of Love and Divinity. It is an ever-changing perspective, highlighting different contours of writers’ engagement across the world who has dealt with the stated themes with great candour.
This paper attempts to draw insights from John Keats, Eliot, Yeats and a regional writer Kanheilal Das to project a balanced view of love and divinity.
John Keats is an English Romantic poet whose verse is known for its vivid imagery and great sensuous appeal. His beloved Fanny Brown remained engaged in love until Keats’ untimely death. Keats’ letters embody commonest of human passion. He wrote, “You have absorbed me. I could be martyred for my religion i.e, Love. Similar echo is found in Charlotte Bronte, Vladimir Nabokov, Franz Kafka, Leo Tolstoy and others. Like John Donne, Andrew Marvel is not in the least romantically concerned with his beloved. Later B Teats and Maud Gonne liked each other but they were not in love. When W B Yeats says, ‘Love is false or true, it reflects the uncertainty of love-making’.
Kanheilal too lives in his stories, filled with intense quest and longing. His love real or elusive is still illuminative. The stories are like window shutter through which they see the pathetic poignancy of their emotions of love. The paper examines the primordial emotion of love, divinity and its aberrations/manifestations in the proposed texts.
Quality Management in Export of Textile and Garment Manufacturing in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Nega Henock
Published: April 2022

Global competition and economic liberalization, quality has become one of the important factors in achieving competitive advantages. The quality and its continuous advancement have developed a significant meaning for todays' business. Purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Quality Management Practices on Export Performance of Ethiopian Textile and Garment exporters. A five point Likert scale questionnaire was used as the key instrument of data collection and data were obtained from 20 apparel exporters. Eight dimensions were used to measure Quality Management including Leadership, Customer Focus, Engagement of People, Process Approach, Partnership and Resource, Policy and Strategy, Evidence Based Decision Making and Continuous Improvement. The descriptive analysis, correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the impact of Quality Management on Export Performance and the relationship between Quality Management and Export Performance. Results of the study clearly indicated that all dimensions except Partnership and Resource were significantly correlated with Export Performance. In addition, Leadership, Customer Focus, engagement of people and Continuous Improvement were found as the most significant dimensions that impact on export performance.
DEPRESSION , ANXIETY AND STRESS LEVEL DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN PATHOLOGISTS WORKING IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRES OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Idrees Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Ihtesham , Shafi Mohsin , Hussain Zarmina , Khan Hamid Nawaz , Rasheed Haroon ur
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine the level of depression , anxiety and stresss in pathologists due to Covid -19 pandemic .
Materials and methods: It was a Cross sectional Analytical Multicenter Questionnaire based study conducted from April 2020 to June 2020 by including Pathologists working in Khyber Teaching Hospital and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences , Islamabad. Informed written consent was obtained and DASS-21 Questionnaire was administred .Data was analysed by SPSS. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were determined and analysed by multiple regression to predict depression anxiety and stress levels from demographics.
Results: Mean age of the study sample was 25-63 (37±8.75).There were 13(22.4%) males and 45(77.6%) females. Overall DAS score, mean depression , anxiety and stress score were 31.5±22, 8.7±9.1, 7.4±7.1 and 15.3±9 respectively. Females had higher overall DAS score (U=156.5, p=.011), depression score (U=178.5, p=.032) and anxiety score (U=168.5, p=.029) as compared to males. Anxiety scores were highest in pathologists working in microbiology section and lowest in those of chemical pathology section (?2=8.13,p=.043). Multiple regression analysis showed that female gender was significantly associated with a higher overall DAS sore (?=13.69 , p=.047) and stress score (?=6.10 , p=.031) as compared to male gender.
Conclusion: Pathologists working in Covid-19 pandemic have a high level of mental distress and females have higher level of psychological distress as compared to males. Implementation of mental support programmes for health care workers during pandemic situations is required to provide psychological support to health care workers.
THE FREQUENCY, TYPES AND RISK FACTORS OF URINARY INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN PRESENTING TO THE GYNAECOLOGY OUTPATIENTS OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Fahim Fouzia
Published: April 2022

Abstract:

 

Objectives:

 

To determine the frequency of urinary incontinence and analyze the risk factors associated with it.

 

Design:

 

This was a cross sectional study.

 

Place and duration of study:

 

It was conducted at consultant clinics of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, between October 2019 to September 2020.

 

Methodology:

 

560 women aged more than 18 years were interviewed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained information regarding Age, Parity, BMI, Urinary Incontinence, Stress Incontinence, Urge Incontinence, Mixed Incontinence.

 

Results:

 

The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 32.5% (n=182) and showed an increasing trends with age, BMI and parity. The mean age of the sample was 46.16 years, mean BMI of 28.90 kg/m2 and mean parity of 4.28. Final logistic regression model showed that increasing age, BMI and parity were associated with increased odds of having urinary incontinence. The distribution of urge urinary incontinence, stress urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence was 40.11% (n=73), 35.71% (n=65), 24.73% (n=45) respectively. Mixed urinary incontinence was predominant in older women. Urge incontinence was more prevalent in women with higher BMI whereas stress urinary incontinence had a significant association with parity.

 

Conclusion:

Almost one-third of the women attending consultant gynaecological clinics had some form of urinary incontinence. All types of urinary incontinence risk was a function of age, BMI and parity.
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN TERMS OF MATERNAL NEAR MISSES (MNM) INDICATORS.
Authors: ZAHOOR FARNAZ , Fahim Fouzia
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess maternal health care by proxy indicators in terms of frequency of near misses, Maternal Near Miss (MNM) ratio and Mortality Index in a tertiary care, Lady Reading, hospital.

 

Methodology:

It was a Cross-sectional descriptive case study conducted in Obstetrics A unit of Lady Reading Hospital from January, 2019 to December, 2019.The WHO near miss “severe maternal complication” based inclusion criteria was used for case identification. The study population consisted of all women who were admitted during pregnancy, labor, or within the first 42 days of postpartum to our unit. Outcome was measured using the three indicators i.e. the mortality indices, maternal mortality ratio, mortality to near miss ratio, near miss cases/1000 deliveries  

 

Results:

Total cases included in this study were 10439. The total Maternal Near Miss cases were 1776 (1.84%). Maternal Near Miss Rate MNMR was calculated as 170 per 1000 live births. There were 44 total maternal deaths, and maternal mortality rate was calculated as 421 per 100,000 live births. The Maternal Near Miss to Mortality ratio was 41:1. Mortality Index was 2.5%.

 

Conclusion: Our hospital has a higher maternal near miss to mortality ratio of 41:1 showing good maternal care management. The WHO near miss indicators can be used in tertiary care care settings to evaluate the standard of care especially so in developing countries like Pakistan.

 

Keywords: maternal near-miss, near miss indicators mortality index, maternal mortality.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE THERAPIES ON OBSTRUCTION, DYSPNEA, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN COPD PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Khan Fouzia Hussain , Shaikh Hajra Ameer , Ahmed Aribah
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death and it causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms, also impacts the quality of life. Rigorous evidence on manual and mechanical chest physiotherapy is still scarce. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the effects of different exercise therapies on obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients.

Materials and Methods: Databases such as Medline, BioMed Central, CINHAL and Cochrane were reviewed. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published from 2011 to 2020, to evaluate the effects of exercise therapies on obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool.

Results: Most of the trials supported the effectiveness of mechanical chest physiotherapy in improving obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life.

Conclusion: High-to-moderate evidence shows that mechanical chest physiotherapy is useful in the improvement of obstruction, dyspnea and quality of life in obstructive patients.

 

Keywords: Borg dyspnea scale, COPD, High-frequency chest wall oscillation, mMRC dyspnea scale, St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, Spirometry
BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES IN THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANT FEMALES IN COMPARISON WITH NON PREGNANT FEMALES OF SAME AGE GROUP
Authors: Zia Aneela , Asif Rida , Khalid Amna , Sheraz Suman , Razzaq Ayesha
Published: April 2022

Abstract                                                                         

Background: During pregnancy, women experience several changes in the body’s physiology, morphology, and hormonal system which lead to biomechanical changes for example range of motion at cervical, lumbar, gait patterns and foot position, which is considered as a part of normal postural adaptations.

Objective:  To determine biomechanical variations between third trimester pregnant women and the non-pregnant women in terms of range of motion at the cervical and the lumbar spine, step length, stride length, speed and number of steps, arch height and anatomic position of foot.

Methodology: It was a comparative cross sectional had a sample size 210 comprising of 69 pregnant females and 141 non pregnant females aging between 18 to 35 yrs. Assessment was done by using an iPhone®5S I handy level© app for measuring the range of motion at the cervical and lumbar spine. A 6” by 6” POP sheet for measuring step length, stride length, number of steps and speed and navicular drop test for arch height and anatomic position of foot respectively.

Results: In the assessment of cervical and lumbar flexion and extension range of motion the non-pregnant females group had greater range in both flexion and extension than pregnant females with the P value <0.01. Pregnant females presented with the low arch height, pronated foot, decreased step length, stride length and speed than non-pregnant having P <0.001.

Conclusion: Pregnant females had reduced range of motion at cervical and lumbar spine, a drop in arch height, pronated foot position, a decrease in speed, step and stride length was observed in comparison to the non-pregnant females of the same age group.
EPILEPSY IN THE CONSANGUINEOUS FAMILIES AT TRIBAL SOCIETY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN
Authors: BADSHAH NOOR , AHMAD SOHAIL , Khan Sher Hayat , Qureshi Shakoor Ahmad , Sarwar Muhammad Tahir
Published: April 2022

Consanguineous marriages are practiced worldwide but very common as social characteristic norms of the tribal society of Pakistan and have reached (~63%). Couples are married within the blood relatives, inheriting different genetic disorders including epilepsy in their offspring.

Objectives: The present work is the ever first attempt to reaffirm the association between epilepsy disease (ED) and consanguinity in the Tribal Society of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.

Methodology: Approximately, 150 clinically diagnosed epileptic patients of consanguineous families aging around 20 years were included. Children in this study were aging 7-10 years and male to female ratio among the patients was 1:1.5. The target familial cases were included based on sex, age, parental consanguinity, seizure type, cause of epilepsy, and family history. The parents were interviewed to collect the required information after informed consent. Non-consanguineous families, patients with acquired causes, and those who were not willingly participated were excluded from the study.  

Results: Statistical analysis while applying Odds Ratio (OR), Z-test, and Chi-Square, showed significant findings (P< 0.01). For the first and second-degree cousins, the Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were done. In the current study, the consanguinity in parents of epileptic patients was compared with the general population. Generally, 56 (37.33%) of the patient’s parents were first cousins with (OR=3.245 and 95%-CI=2.26-4.645 and P<0.0001), 24 (16.00%) were second-degree cousins with (OR=3.269 and 95%-CI=2.032-5.258 and P<0.0001) and 70 (46.66%) were unrelated.

Conclusion: The overall consanguinity parentage with (OR=3.252 and 95%-CI=2.345-4.510 and P<0.0001) clearly indicates the potential role of heritage lineage/consanguinity in epilepsy within the consanguineous families.

The present statistical study supports genetic counseling before marriages. More significant genotype-phenotype correlation is also needed to minimize the risk of epilepsy disease.
Sağlık Çalışanlarında Stres ve Stres Yönetimi Üzerine Bir Algı Çalışması: Sivas Numune Hastanesi Örneği
Authors: DURNA Bilge Döndü , ÇETİN İlhan , FİLİZ Mustafa
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sağlık çalışanlarının stres algılarını ve stres düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmanın evreni Sivas Numune Hastanesi’nde görev yapan 1950 sağlık personelidir. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 600 sağlık personelidir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Cohen ve ark., (1983) tarafından geliştirilen ve Eskin ve ark. (2013), tarafından Türkçe güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması yapılan ‘‘Algılanan Stres Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, sağlık çalışanların genel olarak ortalamanın üstünde stres yaşadıkları, ebe-hemşire mesleğinde olanların diğer meslek gruplarına göre daha çok stres yaşadıkları ve kadınların stres seviyelerinin erkeklerin stres seviyesine göre daha yüksek oldukları görülmüştür. Diğer yandan yaş, eğitim, hizmet yılı, kurumda çalışma süresi, çalışılan bölüm, mevcut bölümde çalışma süresi, medeni durum ve çalışılan bölümde risk durumu değişkenlerine göre çalışanların stres düzeyleri arasında ilişki görülmemiştir. Sonuç: Stres önleyici faaliyetlerin artırılması ve çalışanlara stres kontrol eğitimi verilmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Kastrasyon Duyarlı Metastatik Prostat Kanserinde İki Prognostik Belirteç: ALP ve Gleason Skoru
Authors: YILDIRIM Serkan , ERDOĞAN Atike Pinar
Published: April 2022

GİRİŞ

Prostat kanseri tanısı konulduktan sonra dünyada yaygın olarak Gleason skoru bu hastalığı patolojik olarak sınıflamak için kullanılmaktadır. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) primer olarak karaciğer ve kemikten kaynaklanmaktadır. Sağlıklı insanlarda kemik kaynaklı ALP yaklaşık %40-50 civarındadır. Kemik metastazı olan prostat kanserinde yaygın karaciğer tutulumu yoksa ALP yüksekliğinin kaynağı bu kemik tutulumudur. Bu iki prognostik belirtecin kastrasyon sensitif kemik metastazları bulunan hastalarda ayrı ayrı ve biribiri ile olan ilişkileri araştırmak amacıyla retrospektif çalışmamızı dizayn ettik.

MATERYAL-METOD

Çalışmamız retrospektif ve Türkiyeden 5 merkezin katıldığı çok merkezli bir çalışmadır. Bu merkezlere başvuran hastaların dosyaları incelenmiştir

SONUÇLAR

Toplam 138 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gleason skoru 9-10 olan hasta sayısı 75, ≤8 hasta sayısı 60 idi. Gleason skoru ≤8 olan grubun genel sağ kalımı istatistiki anlamlı şekilde daha uzun olarak saptandı (Gleason 9-10 vs ≤8, 63.73 ay vs 40.93 ay)(p=0,021). Sadece ALP düşük olan Gleason skoru 9-10 olan hastalarla , ≤8 olan hastalar arasında ise istatistiki anlamlı olarak sağ kalım farkı bulunmakta idi (Gleason 9-10 vs ≤8, 41.87 ay vs 76.2 ay)(p=0,025).

NETİCE

Metastatik kastrasyon duyarlı hastalarda ALP ve Gleason skoru prognozu belirleme amacıyla kullanılabilirler. Ancak Gleason skoru, daha çok ALP düzeyi belirlenen cutoff değerinin altındaki hastalarda prognozu belirlemek için kullanılabilir.
Il sintomo febbre: l'interpretazione e la corretta gestione
Authors: Altimari Luigi , Troisi Angela , Marchetti Federico
Published: April 2022

In paediatric age, fever represents one of the main reasons for parental concern and the main cause of access to the emergency room. Against "fever phobia", it is essential that the paediatrician spends some time explaining to parents that fever is a defence mechanism against infection and that it should be treated rationally, with the objective of making the child feel better and not making them heal faster. Furthermore, it is useful to provide parents with indications on how to measure body temperature and advice on clinical signs to pay attention to, besides fever. Indeed, in addition to temperature, there are other parameters to evaluate in a febrile child, some clearly measurable, others for which it is necessary for the doctor to evaluate the child "face to face". It is on this issue that the main guidelines on the management of febrile children are based, whose objective is to help the paediatrician to identify those few children who have a severe disease and therefore deserve prompt treatment and investigations. The article shows current evidence on the role of fever, the most correct methods for its measurement, the reasonable use of drugs for the symptomatic control of fever and the approach to be followed in the management of fever in the child aged less than 5 years.
Promoting Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa
Authors: Dunn Leith , Fasanmi Abidemi
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to reduce social, economic, political, and environmental inequalities that undermine commitments to human rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The crisis has created opportunities to create more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable models of economic development that are linked to social and environmental factors. This introduction to the Special Issue on Health, Human Capital, and Gender Issues in Africa, provides a multidisciplinary review of the literature. It establishes a global, regional, and national framework to understand and interpret the three themes and the articles that were submitted. It shares the many development challenges in Africa, prior to and since the COVID-19 pandemic, but also highlights the many innovations, policy initiatives, and perspectives of African countries and African institutions, as well as multilateral and other development partners. Authors of the eight articles have provided valuable insights into the multidimensional challenges facing several African countries using diverse methodologies. Their research and recommendations serve as a guide to policy makers, researchers, and development practitioners in various disciplines and sectors, to find policy solutions that are rights-based, gender-sensitive, equitable, and sustainable.
Does Akan Literacy Influence Households’ Income?
Authors: Amponsah Samuel , Koga Kyoko
Published: April 2022

The empirical work in this article addresses the hypothesis that Akan literacy influences household income. The study utilizes data from the 2016/2017 Ghana Living Standards Survey and employs both ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression model techniques. This study finds that literacy in Akan is associated with higher household income. Also, after accounting for ethnicity, returns to biliteracy in Akan and English are higher than returns to monoliteracy in English or Akan. The authors compared their main result and the results of the interaction of ethnicity and biliteracy. Findings showed higher returns to Akan households compared to non-Akan households. Akan literacy created a larger income differential within Akan households. The income gap was about 133% for the 10th quantile. Findings also indicated an income gap of about 35% for the same quantile between Akan and non-Akan households.

These findings provide promising and encouraging evidence that comprehensive implementation of Akan and other indigenous Ghanaian language programs in Ghana can eliminate household income gaps and help individuals to fully utilize their human capital.
COVID-19, Trade Disruptions, and Gender: A Survey of the Potential Interactions and Consequences for Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Panda Pallavi
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to significantly reduce trade flows due to global trade restrictions and economic lockdowns. The impact of a trade disruption is, however, not gender neutral. In developing countries, women form the majority of low-skilled and labor-intensive jobs in the export sector that are most affected by the pandemic. This article is based on a literature review that explores research on the gendered implications of trade on economic development. It also discusses the effects of previous epidemics on health and human capital in Africa. It outlines the various channels through which a pandemic-induced trade shock could have and has had ripple effects on African women. It provides some early evidence on the gendered impact of the current pandemic. Analysis of the literature reviewed highlights the importance of collecting and using gender-disaggregated trade data to devise socioeconomic and export trade policies in the short-term and long-term to protect vulnerable populations including women. The article concludes that the pandemic can be used as an opportunity for sub-Saharan Africa countries to build back better after COVID-19 by strengthening intraregional trade through the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), investing in removal of gender-specific barriers facing female traders and entrepreneurs, and promoting gender mainstreaming in trade to drive sustainable development and sow the seeds of future resilience.
Rezension von: Igel, Karsten u.a. (Hrsg.), Wandel der Stadt um 1200
Authors: Gildhoff Christian , Igel Karsten
Published: April 2022

Wandel der Stadt um 1200, Die bauliche und gesellschaftliche Transformation der Stadt im Hochmittelalter, hg. von Karsten Igel, Michaela Jansen, Ralph Röber, Jonathan Scheschkewitz (Materialhefte zu Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg 96), Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag 2013. 445 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Karten. ISBN 978-3-8062-2781-9. Brosch. € 45,–
Rezension von: Hähner-Rombach, Sylvelyn, Gesundheit und Krankheit im Spiegel von Petitionen an den Landtag von Baden-Württemberg 1946 bis 1980
Authors: Axer Christine , Hähner-Rombach Sylvelyn
Published: April 2022

Sylvelyn Hähner-Rombach, Gesundheit und Krankheit im Spiegel von Petitionen an den Landtag von Baden-Württemberg 1946 bis 1980 (Medizin, Gesellschaft und Geschichte, Beihefte, Bd. 40), Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2011. 193 S. ISBN 978-3-515-09914-1. Brosch. € 39,–
Role of Signalling in Doctrinal Evolution: A Case Study of India-Pakistan Deterrence Equation
Authors: Farzana Siddique
Published: April 2022

Deterrence is more of a perception-game than a number-game, therefore, understanding an adversary’s threat perception is important for the survivability of nuclear arsenal and deterrence stability. South Asian strategic stability largely depends on the nature of India-Pakistan deterrence equation. Effective communication of a state’s capability and its resolve to deter its adversaries is central to the effective equation of deterrence. Hence, the instrument of signalling is practiced usually through various means at diplomatic and foreign policy levels. This study argues that the doctrinal-level asymmetry (a consequence of varied threat perceptions), between India and Pakistan, creates an ambiguity in the signalling game. This creates a space for overestimation of adversary’s capabilities on each side which then disturbs deterrence stability. Theory of Signalling-Perception by Robert Jervis that deterrence is a game of perception has been employed in this paper to analyse the role of signalling and perception in the evolution of India-Pakistan declaratory nuclear policies ─ ultimately responsible for shaping the South Asian strategic stability.
Mapping Contours of Pakistan-US Foreign Policies in Trump Era: Narrative and Counter-Narratives
Authors: Taimur Shamil and Muhammad Nadeem Mirza
Published: April 2022

Narratives are used by the states to create an environment in which foreign policy takes place. The US, over the years, has framed the war on terror and its relations with Pakistan in a specific way to justify its foreign policy goals. It has used coercion as well as enticements in order to force Pakistan to fulfill its foreign policy wish-list. Pakistan which has over the years been on the receiving end of these narratives has displayed unprecedented counter-narrative strategy. Applying Neoclassical Realism as a theoretical paradigm, this paper maps the continuity and change in the narrative and counter-narrative strategies of the US and Pakistan.
Metin Madenciliği ve Duygu Analizi ile Siber Zorbalık Tespiti
Authors: DİNÇER Elif Şevval , KAYAOĞLU Duygu , SAFARLI Sımara
Published: April 2022

Tarihte iletişim metotları teknolojinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak değişim göstermiştir. Günümüzde ise bu değişime bağlı olarak iletişim sosyal medya üzerine kaymıştır. Bu kapsamda bazı olumlu yönler olmakla birlikte bazı olumsuz yönleri de vardır. Bu olumsuz yönlerden en belirgin olanı ise siber zorbalıktır. Siber zorbalık daha çok gerçek hayatta insanların söyleyemediği ve söylediğinde karşısındakinden büyük tepki alacağı şeyleri gizli kimlikler aracılığıyla birilerini incitmeye ve kırmaya yönelik söylemlerdir. Bu projede siber zorbalığın tespitine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) kullanarak twitter üzerinden veriler elde edilmiş ve bu verileri düzenleyerek metin madenciliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yapay zeka yöntemlerinden Destek Vektör Makinesi (SVM), Lojistik Regresyon (LR), Naive Bayes (NB) yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan performans analizlerini değerlendirirken f1-skor, kesinlik, hassasiyet ve doğruluk değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu değerler göz önüne alınarak doğruluk değeri 87% olan LR hazır olarak elde edilen veri setinde kullanılmaya karar verilmiştir. Ve oluşturulan web sitesi bulut platform hizmetlerinden Amazon Web Services (AWS) kullanılarak gerekli ayarlamalar yapıldıktan sonra bulut platform üzerinde çalıştırılmıştır
A BRIEF REVIEW ON INNOVATIVE ANATOMY LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICAL AND HEALTH STUDENTS EDUCATION
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa Fernandes de , Ramos Amanda Pereira , Tomaz João Felipe Martins , Reis Marcello Carvalho dos , Pereira Eduardo da Silva , Gondim Victor José Timbó , Santana Rafael Dantas , Alexandria Auzuir Ripardo , Albuquerque Victor Hugo Costa
Published: April 2022

Contribution: Considering the rapidity of the emergence of new technologies in the modern world, it is necessary to identify and describe potential educational innovations and technologies used as tools for improving healthcare students anatomy learning in the last years. The key contribution of this study is to indicate implementation and other challenges to be overcome. Background: Extensive research demonstrated that several different innovative methods have been used for anatomy teaching. Based on these findings, discussing the most recent existing technologies may be worthwhile. Research Questions: What innovative technologies are being used as tools for improving healthcare students Anatomy learning? What are the main challenges and perspectives related to them? Methodology: This review discussed studies published from 2019 to 2021 found in Embase, IEEE Digital Library, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established and a quality assessment was conducted aiming to mitigate biases and systematic errors. Findings: The databases electronic search identified 149 references and only 10 studies met the minimum cutoff score and were discussed. Compared to traditional methods, alternative learning technologies are excellent ways to improve and transform the education in the health’ system, making it more efficient, economic, practical and accessible.
Metodološki pristupi u istraživanju menadžmenta obrazovanja odraslih
Authors: Avdagić Emir
Published: April 2022

Social scinces, including andragogy, recently shift attention to qualitative research methods, attracted by qulitative data as a source rich in descriptions of processes and problems in local communities. If we consider this and other statements-that qualititive methods are the most useful and most frequent approach at the early stages of the development of certain scientific fields - and add the fact that the management in adult education became the focus of interest and development in the past decade, in this paper we considered: which methodological approach is the most common in research on management in adult education-is it posibly the qualititive and interpretative respectively? It is expected that in this filed of study contemporary methodology is applied, meaning the same methods as in other studies, for one cannot expect that the phenomenon of management developed its (own) research methodology.
Novo shvatanje obrazovanja
Authors: Knoll Joachim
Published: April 2022

The position of education in development policies has remained controversial to this day, both in the case of funding institutions (such as the World Bank) and in the case of donor countries (for example, the Federal Republic of Germany and its Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development – the BMZ). The policy of development cooperation in Germany has fully concentrated on the model and principle of improving the social structure and forced the bearers of socio-structural reform processes to reinterpret their pedagogical development work in a socio-structural sense.
Anormalidades encontradas na biomecânica de corredores amadores
Authors: Turra Giovane Diogo Padilha , Cezne Alessandra Fátima , Gemin Vidal Rafael
Published: April 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo foi descobrir quais distúrbios biomecânicos são encontrados na marcha dos corredores amadores. A amostra foi composta por 16 atletas amadores, sendo nove homens e sete mulheres, com a idade entre 22 e 46 anos e com mais de 12 meses de prática. Para coleta de dados foi realizado uma anamnese inicial e após a anamnese aconteceu a captação de vídeos em 2D na esteira e tirado uma foto da região do pé como análise estática, foi utilizado um celular para filmagem e posterior à para análise do padrão biomecânico utilizando um software. Ao total foram encontradas 20 anormalidades durante a marcha, sendo que todos dos atletas apresentaram ao menos uma anormalidade. Além das anormalidades, seis atletas relataram sentir dores crônicas, e 10 já sofreram alguma lesão na corrida. Foi possível detectar anormalidades na biomecânica dos corredores e estruturas sobrecarregadas, através dessa é possível elaborar treinos específicos para correção de algumas anormalidades e fortalecimento dessas estruturas afim de não gerar sobrecarga, podendo assim gerar lesões futuras correlacionada com o overuse, além de melhorar a economia de corrida e assim potencializando o desempenho dos atletas.