bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Work Engagement: A Literature Review
Authors: Marini Marini , Handoyo Seger , Sukadiono Sukadiono
Published: September 2023

Green Work Engagement represents a concept denoting the extent of employee involvement and active participation in sustainable initiatives within their workplace. In this context, employee engagement encompasses a resolute commitment to advocate for sustainable practices to mitigate detrimental effects on the environment, society, and various societal facets. The primary objectives of Green Work Engagement encompass: (1) identifying influential factors contributing to employee participation in sustainable practices, encompassing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, organizational dedication, participation in decision-making, and supportive work environment elements; (2) analyzing the degree of employee engagement in sustainable practices and its correlation with organizational performance, including aspects such as productivity, efficiency, and innovation; (3) assessing the ramifications of employee participation in sustainable practices on their satisfaction and well-being, encompassing job satisfaction, talent retention, and burnout rates; and (4) elucidating the implications of Green Work Engagement on environmental continuity, comprising the reduction of adverse environmental impacts, enhancement of sustainability policies, and elevation of the company's reputation concerning sustainability matters. The research methodology employed in this article is a literature review. Notably, Green Work Engagement or engagement focused on environmentally friendly practices, significantly and positively influences employee performance within an eco-conscious context. Given this, it is advised that company management intensify efforts to enhance Green Work Engagement by fostering a greater understanding among employees about the company's commitment to environmental consciousness.
Green Financing Scheme for Supporting Women in Energy Transition
Authors: Dewi Ni Nyoman Clara Listya , Wijanarka Tunjung
Published: September 2023

This paper examines transitioning from a traditional capital system to a more modern and sustainable financing system. Green financing or green microfinance is one of the efforts to provide opportunities for micro-scale businesses initiated by women to start businesses in the energy sector. Green financing is considered part of financial inclusion, providing business financing schemes oriented towards ecological conservation values. This research considers the context of opportunities and potential obstacles women face in accessing green financing. A literature study was conducted to describe microfinance schemes by drawing closer to efforts to mainstream gender and efforts to transition to a more sustainable financial system. At least several stages need to be passed to transition the financial system toward a more gender-friendly and sustainable direction. First, it is important to socialize the awareness-raising program on green entrepreneurship for women more massively. Second, steps to develop the capacity of women entrepreneurs should be accompanied by preparing business proposals to apply for bank financing, which is part of financial literacy education. Business mentorship programs from the government for women who have micro-scale businesses are also needed. Such technical assistance interventions will be the beginning of preparation for micro-enterprises to start consistently opening a sustainable business. This paper finds that the green financing strategy will ultimately help transition business models that seek to integrate efforts to save the ecology with business schemes, including developing a gender-friendly sustainable business ecosystem.
Closed Management System: Factors and Its Relationship to Students’ Academic Performance: Basis for Classroom Management Program
Authors: Liu Jingkun , Dellova Rovena I.
Published: September 2023

Education has been a crucial aspect of social and economic development. As a result, countries invest immensely in their education systems for the students that will foster and learn different things. The study aims to explore the factors of a closed management system and how they affect students' academic performance towards effective classroom management at Qingdao Vocational College of Aviation Technology in China. Using a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach using PLS-SEM, the researcher surveyed 341 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The findings indicate that well-being significantly affects academic performance. The moderating effect of demographic profiles on factors and academic performance is observed. Notably, there is a research gap regarding the influence of the closed management system on students’ academic performance, particularly in China. Existing studies mainly focus on political and cultural variables influencing the educational system rather than specific mechanisms like the closed management system. This study fills the gap by providing a systematic and empirical analysis of the impact of the closed management system on the student's academic performance. Today, there are limited studies on the impact of the closed management system on students ‘academic performance, especially in China. Existing studies concentrate on the political and cultural variables that influence the educational system rather than focusing on a particular mechanism. Thus, this aspect requires a systematic plan to manage the closed management system's impact on the student's academic performance.
The Role of Dynamic Managerial Capabilities of School Principals on School Performance through Networking Capabilities and Spiritual Motivation
Authors: Kholid Kholid , Suyanto Bagong , Nadia Fiona Niska Dinda
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted in the educational settings of the East Java Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT), encompassing Kindergarten to High School levels. This study examines the impact of dynamic managerial ability, spiritual motivation, and networking ability on school performance across all East Java Integrated Islamic School Network levels. To achieve the research objective, a mixed-methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative interviews was employed. Empirical evidence revealed that the Principal's Dynamic Managerial Ability significantly influences School Performance. Furthermore, Spiritual Motivation has a notable impact both on the Principal's Dynamic Managerial Ability and directly on School Performance. In contrast, while Networking Ability does not significantly affect the Principal's Dynamic Managerial Ability, it does have a marked influence on School Performance. Additionally, Spiritual Motivation and Networking Ability significantly affect School Performance mediated by the Principal's Dynamic Managerial Ability.
The Effect of Perceived Benefits and Participation on Resistance to Change, With Organization-Based Self-Esteem Moderation
Authors: Yogatama Gandi Aswaja , Ekowati Dian , Herachwati Nuri
Published: September 2023

Background - This study involves PT Bank XYZ RO VI Surabaya as the object of research, in which PT Bank XYZ RO VI Surabaya is in an effort to fulfil the change plan. In addition, this study also wants to see the effect of OBSE moderation on participation in resistance to change.

Purpose - This study aims to analyze resistance to change based on multidimensional concepts (i.e. thoughts, feelings, and thoughts) with participation and perceived benefits as antecedents.

Design/Methodology - A quantitative approach was employed in this study, in which a survey was employed as a collecting data procedure through questionnaires. The designed questionnaires were distributed to 196 employees as research respondents. In addition, PLS-SEM was employed as a method of research analysis.

Findings - The results showed that participation and benefits perceived as antecedents could predict all components of resistance to change (i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioural). In addition, this study also shows that OBSE can moderate the relationship between participation and two components of resistance to change (i.e. cognitive resistance and affective resistance). Finally, this study also offers several implications, both theoretically and practically.

Research limitations - This research only focuses on one aspect, namely the individual level. In the future, research can use two levels: individuals and organizations.

Originality/value – Research on resistance to change has focused only on one aspect. Not much research on resistance to change focuses on a process starting from thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. In this study, resistance to change is considered as a process.
Utilizing Technology Management for Effective Cattle Management
Authors: Harn Sai Seng
Published: September 2023

This research explores the opportunities presented by integrating sensors, big data, and machine learning technology within the global cattle farming industry. The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of technology management in advancing cattle management practices on a global scale. Data was collected from 554 ranchers, with 386 respondents having a minimum of five years of cattle management experience. Rigorous analysis was conducted to examine the impact of technology management, particularly focusing on sensors, big data, and machine learning, on various aspects of effective cattle management. The findings demonstrate the significant importance of technology management and Machine Learning in cattle farming. The study reveals strong correlations between technology management practices and all sub-factors of effective cattle management, including productivity, cost, and health. The research results suggest a substantial positive influence of technology management on enhancing effective cattle management, supported by a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, the study recommends Thailand as an attractive destination for foreign investment in the beef industry, highlighting the pivotal role of artificial intelligence technology in realizing this potential.
A phylogeny for North American Mallocybe (Inocybaceae) and taxonomic revision of eastern North American taxa
Authors: Matheny P.B. , Kudzma L.V. , Graddy M.G. , Mardini S.M. , Noffsinger C.R. , Swenie R.A. , Walker N.C. , Campagna S.R. , Halling R. , Lebeuf R. , Kuo M. , Lewis D.P. , Smith M.E. , Tabassum M. , Trudell S.A. , Vauras J.
Published: September 2023

A multigene phylogenetic assessment of North American species of Mallocybe is presented based on analyses of rpb1, rpb2, ITS, and 28S rDNA nucleotide data. This framework enables a systematic revision of the genus for 16 eastern North American species and captures
taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in a global context. A grade of two unusual and poorly known North American species stems from the most recent common ancestor of the genus that gives rise to three core subgroups named here as clades Unicolores, Nothosperma, and Mallocybe. The grade of
taxa includes the poorly known Lepista praevillosa from Florida and a new species from the southern Appalachians, M. montana, both of which appear to be narrow-range endemics. Clade Nothosperma is characterized by Australian and New Zealand species, whereas clade Unicolores
is composed of six species from eastern North America and East Asia. Clade Mallocybe is dominated by numerous north temperate taxa and constitutes the sister group to clade Nothosperma. These major clades are distinguished by a combination of phylogeny, morphology, geographic distribution,
and ecology. In addition, four North American species are described as new: M. leucothrix, M. luteobasis, M. montana, and M. tomentella. Several names originating in North America, long ignored or misunderstood in the literature, are revitalized and established by type comparisons
and modern reference material collected from or near type localities. In addition, 11 species were subjected to mass spectrometry muscarine assays, none of which contained detectable amounts of muscarine except for two: M. sabulosa and M. praevillosa. This confirms a diffuse
phylogenetic distribution of muscarine within the genus. Taxonomic descriptions are presented for 16 species, several synonymies proposed, and four new combinations made. A key to species of eastern North American Mallocybe is presented, along with illustrations of important diagnostic
features.
Machine Learning Techniques for UAV-based Spatial Data Mining
Authors: Lafford Robert
Published: September 2023

Machine Learning Techniques for UAV-based Spatial DataMining
RASGRF1 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1, encoded by RASGRF1, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. RASGRF1 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of RASGRF1 in primary tumors was correlated with patient distant metastasis-free survival. Modulation of RASGRF1 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Starting Slowly to Go Fast Deep Dive in the Context of AI Pilot Projects
Authors: Pletcher Scott Nicholas
Published: September 2023

For many organizations, artificial intelligence and its subsets of machine learning and deep learning hold great potential for improving efficiency, creating new capabilities and launching new business models. Accordingly, many organizations are attempting to harness these technologies through prototyping and pilot projects. However, many organizations struggle to move past the pilot phase, despite heavy investment in time, data infrastructure and training. In their book Strategic Doing, Morrison et al. (2019) provide a framework to help organizations brainstorm, organize and launch innovation using ten skills of agile leadership. A specific step in the described approach is to Start Slowly to Go Fast. This simple statement holds some deep implications, with many of the principles contained within that philosophy shown to improve innovation outcomes. This paper will examine some of those principles in the context of AI projects.
“Tinjauan Teologis Tentang Pandemi Covid-19”
Authors: Pau' Jhon Ua' Tandi
Published: September 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 ini telah menjadi sebuah tantangan yang besar bagi umat manusia. Secara khusus, dalam ajaran kekristenan, pandangan teologi Kristen dapat memberikan kerangka pemahaman yang unik terhadap peristiwa ini. Dalam pandangan teologi Kristen kita dapat melihat pandemi ini sebagai sebuah peringatan dan panggilan untuk merenungkan hubungan manusia dengan Allah, dengan sesama, dan dengan ciptaan-Nya. Dalam ajaran Kristen, manusia diberi kebebasan oleh Allah untuk hidup yang benar dalam hubungannya dengan Allah dan dengan sesama. Namun, pandemi Covid-19 mengingatkan kita bahwa dunia ini penuh dengan kerapuhan dan keterbatasan. Virus ini tidak membedakan status sosial, kekayaan, keyakinan agama seseorang, sehingga ini menjadi pengingat bahwa menjadi manusia kita semua berada dalam keadaan yang sama di hadapan Tuhan.
MYLK2 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that myosin light chain kinase 2, encoded by MYLK2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. MYLK2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of MYLK2 in primary tumors was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival. Modulation of MYLK2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Investigating Mechanisms of Political Polarization: Perceivers Spontaneously Infer Ideological Categories from Other People’s Behavior
Authors: Sander Carsten Wilko , Degner Juliane
Published: September 2023

When observing others’ behavior, people routinely infer personality traits from it. Research on the correspondence bias has shown that they draw these inferences even from behavior that is situationally constrained. Moreover, these inferences often happen spontaneously, that is, when people have no intention of forming an impression. The current research investigated whether the same applies for inferences of ideological categories, such as conservative, feminist, or climate change denier. We present a series of five preregistered experiments (N = 1,012) employing both direct and indirect measures from the impression formation literature. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found that people deliberately as well as spontaneously inferred ideological categories from ideology-implying behavioral descriptions. In Experiments 3, 4, and 5, we found these inferences to be very robust, in that they persist even when alternative reasons for the ideology-implying behaviors are presented—suggesting that they are subject to the correspondence bias. We argue that to the extent that people attribute negative valence (affective polarization) or extreme attitudes (perceived issue polarization) to ideological categories, spontaneous inferences of these categories can serve as a precondition for a range of negative interpersonal outcomes related to political polarization.
Learning About Neurodiversity at School (LEANS): Evaluation of the LEANS resource pack in mainstream primary schools
Authors: Alcorn Alyssa M , McGeown Sarah Patricia , Mandy William , Aitken Dinah , Fletcher-Watson Sue
Published: September 2023

Background: Neurodivergent children educated in mainstream classrooms too often face poor outcomes in their attainment, wellbeing and relationships, compared to neurotypical peers. Many of these poor outcomes may be caused, or exacerbated, by the negative attitudes and actions of classmates. One way to address these poor outcomes could be to educate children about the differences that are engendered by neurodiversity, and how these are apparent in school. Methods: The LEANS programme is a comprehensive, whole-classroom resource which enables teachers to educate pupils aged 8-11 years about the differences which result from neurodiversity. In this small-scale, teacher-delivered evaluation LEANS was trialled in seven classrooms across four primary schools in Scotland. Measures were two bespoke, multiple-choice quizzes capturing pupil knowledge of neurodiversity, and their attitudes and intended actions in relation to neurodivergence. Approximately 140 children took part in the programme, of which 62 (about 40%) had parent consent to submit data for analysis. Results: Analyses were all pre-registered. Children who participated in the LEANS programme scored significantly above chance in their knowledge of neurodiversity at outcome (mean = 5.08 correct answers) and also showed a significant increase in the likelihood of identifying the correct definition of “neurodiversity” (baseline = 17.7%, outcome 59.7%). They also showed a significant increase in scores on the Attitudes and Actions Questionnaire (mean difference = 1.14, p<.001). Qualitative data from open-ended pupil quiz questions, teacher diaries, and interviews with a sub-set of pupils revealed good feasibility and low risk of harms. Conclusions: The LEANS programme can successfully teach children terminology and ideas about neurodiversity, and this also increases positive attitudes and intended actions. This small-scale evaluation should be followed up with a fully-powered replication which also captures long-term impacts of LEANS.
Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation Has Not Been Violated
Authors: Kirk Alexander P
Published: September 2023

Although violation of Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation has been claimed in a magneto-optic structure, it is shown that Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation has not been violated, noting that violation of Kirchhoff’s Law of Thermal Radiation would imply that the Second Law of Thermodynamics has also been violated.
Association of Cancer Diagnosis with Disability Status among Older Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Swartz Maria
Published: September 2023

Background: Older adults with cancer often experience declines in physical function due to the cancer diagnosis and treatments, increasing their risk of disability and early mortality. While prior studies have focused on surgical complications and mortality, less is known about factors associated with the development of disability in cancer survivors without pre-existing disability. We aimed to identify factors associated with developing disability in older colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors compared to a non-cancer cohort. Methods: Using the Texas Cancer Registry Medicare-linked database, this retrospective cohort study included 13,229 CRC survivors diagnosed during 2005-2013 and 13,225 age-sex matched non-cancer controls. Disability status was determined using Medicare claims 12 months after diagnosis per Davidoff's method. Cox regression was conducted to identify factors associated with developing disability.Results: Majority of CRC survivors (97%) were aged ≥65 years. Over 9 years, 54% developed disability. Factors associated with the development of disability status included older age at diagnosis (HR=3.50 for >80 years), female sex (HR=1.50), Hispanic (HR=1.34) or Black (HR=1.21) race/ethnicity, distant stage (HR=2.26), >1 comorbidity (HR=2.18), and radiation therapy (HR=1.21). Cancer diagnosis (HR=1.07) was associated with developing disability in pooled cohorts of those with and without cancer; age and race/ethnicity were also significant factors. Conclusions: CRC diagnosis increases disability risk independent of other factors. Older age, female sex, Hispanic/Black race/ethnicity, advanced stage, comorbidities, and radiation were associated with developing disability in CRC survivors. Routine physical function assessment, especially in higher-risk subgroups, may prevent development of disability status in older CRC survivors.
Implications of Elevated Water Temperatures on Fish Cognitive Abilities and Survival
Authors: Duong Thi Minh-Phuong
Published: September 2023

The study's findings emphasize how rising water temperatures can trigger a decline in fish memory and learning abilities. This cognitive impairment can lead to poor decision-making, which poses a significant threat to their survival. The disruption of cognitive functions under thermal stress highlights the urgent need to address climate change and its impacts on aquatic ecosystems to ensure the well-being and resilience of fish populations.
Protocol for the Next Generation brain health survey: an international survey of attitudes, understanding and exposure to brain health risk factors in young adults
Authors: Booi Laura , Gregory Sarah , Bridgeman Katie , Willingham Katie , Davies Michaela , Agyapong Nana , Amfo-Antiri Auswell , Caipa Maritza Pintado , Jenkins Natalie , Eyre Harris , Su Li , lawlor brian , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Farina Francesca
Published: September 2023

Background: Evidence suggests that risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at least partially modifiable, and that lifestyle risk accumulates as we age. However, the prevalence and impact of lifestyle-related risk factors in young adulthood (i.e., 18-39 years) remain poorly understood, with some risk factors that are developed in early adulthood being difficult to remove and reverse at midlife. The Next Generation (NextGen) brain health survey is the first of its kind to be designed specifically for young adults, with the aim of exploring attitudes, understanding and exposure to ADRD risk and protective factors in this life stage.Methods: The NextGen survey is an international, cross-sectional survey of young adults aged 18-39 years. The survey was developed in three phases with ongoing input from public advisors (i.e., young adults from Europe, North America, and Africa). First, we adapted items from existing literature for the target population. Second, we conducted focus groups with young adults to review the items and explore new themes. Third, we piloted the survey in an international network, including brain health researchers, clinicians, and advocacy groups. Feedback was integrated to create the finalized survey.Discussion: The NextGen survey will be conducted online and made available to individuals aged 18-39 years internationally. Results will contribute new knowledge about young adults and ADRD risk exposure before mid-life, including much-needed evidence in populations that are traditionally under-represented in research. Findings will also help to identify mediators and modifiers of associations between knowledge, attitudes, and risk exposure, and provide the basis for comparison with middle-aged and older populations.
ABTB2 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that ankyrin repeat- and BTB domain-containing 2, encoded by ABTB2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. ABTB2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of ABTB2 in primary tumors was correlated with overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of ABTB2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
The global and specific cardiovascular burden of spike-based Covid-19 1 Vaccination
Authors: Lehmann Karla Johanna
Published: September 2023

Aims: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the global and cardiovascular 10 burden associated with spike-based Covid-19 vaccination has continued to increase. 11Methods and results: An updated analysis of spontaneously reported individual cases with 12 ADRs and their fatal outcomes associated with Covid-19 vaccines, as well as adverse 13 cardiovascular events caused by the spike-inducing vaccine Tozinameran, was performed. 14Data were retrieved from the EudraVigilance web reports of the European Medicines Agency 15 (EMA). All evaluated adverse events correspond to the search terms of the EudraVigilance 16 based on clinical characterisation. 17The total number of individual cases (n=2256506; i.e. 2338/day) with adverse effects that were 18 fatal in 2.3% (n=51740; i.e. 54 deaths/day), as well as the wide range of reports of 19 cardiovascular adverse effects, have revealed the unusual magnitude and specificity of these 20 events. 21Tachycardia, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation/flatter, bradyarrhythmia and impaired stimulus 22 formation and conduction (n=57438 combined) dominated the cardiovascular side effect profile 23 of Tozinameran, followed by blood pressure increase (n=25907), myo-/pericarditis (n=23775), 24 heart failure, cardiomyopathy, cardiac flatter/fibrillation, cardiac arrest, circulatory collaps 25 (n=16778 combined) and coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (n=9912). The 26 importance of acute cardiovascular reactions is underlined by the fact that deaths caused by 27 them accounted for at least one third (35%) of all deaths associated with Tozinameran’s side 28 effects 29Based on individual assessment, ARBs are currently recommended in the treatment of spike-30 induced symptoms. 31Conclusions: The spectrum of side effects of spike-based Covid-19 vaccines is more extensive 32 and severe than is generally known, Adverse cardiovascular events convincingly reflect the 33 mode of spike action, namely down-regulating of the cardiovascular protective enzyme ACE2 34 resulting in increasing Ang II concentrations. A fundamental re-evaluation of the benefit-risk 35 assessment of these novel vaccines is mandatory. Health professionals should be educated about 36 the consequences of spike-induced ACE2 downregulation, the resulting symptoms and 37 therapeutic options.
PSMB2 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that proteasome subunit beta 2, encoded by PSMB2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. PSMB2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of PSMB2 in primary tumors was correlated with distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of PSMB2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Understanding stress regulation in relation to personality traits: The role of Detachment and Negative Affect
Authors: Duijndam Stefanie , Nas Julie , Willems Alba Z. , Bachrach Nathan
Published: September 2023

Background. Individuals with Cluster C personality disorders (CPD) display hypersensitivity to threats and emotional dysregulation, it is therefore assumed that individuals with CPD employ dysfunctional stress regulation. However, the influence of personality features of CPD on the psychophysiological response to psychosocial stress has not been sufficiently explored. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate how the maladaptive personality traits Detachment and Negative Affect (maladaptive traits characteristic of CPD in the DSM-5 alternative model for PD) account for variations in perceived stress, alexithymia, and in the emotional and physiological responses to stress.Methods. In the first study, 434 undergraduate students (363 low in Detachment/Negative Affect, 71 high in Detachment/Negative Affect) participated in a cross sectional questionnaire study, in which alexithymia (TAS-20) and perceived stress (PSS) were assessed and levels between groups were compared with an ANOVA. In the second study, we examined 52 low-trait and 24 high-trait individuals on heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance, and negative emotional state in response to and in recovery of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), with repeated measures ANOVAs.Results. Results showed that individuals with high-trait Detachment and Negative Affect report higher levels of alexithymia and perceived stress. In addition, high-trait individuals showed blunted heart rate reactivity to and recovery of stress, and an overall elevated negative emotional state during the TSST task, compared to the low-trait group. Conclusion. The results of the current study warrants the development and testing of interventions that target the emotional and physiological risk profile associated with high levels of trait Negative Affect and Detachment.
Tracking Changes in Magma Transport from Very-Long-Period seismic signals at Piton de la Fournaise volcano
Authors: Duputel Zacharie , Ferrazzini Valérie , Journeau Cyril , Caterine Philippe , Kowalski Philippe , Peltier Aline
Published: September 2023

Changes in magma properties and transport geometry can have a direct impact on volcanic activity. However, such variations can be difficult to track during eruptions. We report previously undetected very-long-period (VLP) signals at Piton de la Fournaise that can be used to probe changes in magma transport. Source analysis of VLP events during the August-October 2015 eruption indicates a source depth of about 0.9-1.2 km and points to the resonance of the magma dike feeding the eruption. The evolution of the resonance period reveals a shortening of the dike when the magma flux decreases at the end of the eruption. VLP events are actually quite frequent at Piton de la Fournaise: all eruptions analyzed in this study exhibit VLP signals that are indicative of rapid drops in lava discharge. This work encourages the detection of VLP signals to monitor changes in magma flow during volcanic eruptions, and anticipate the corresponding evolution in effusive activity.
The uncertain future of mountaintop-removal-mined landscapes 2: Modeling the influence of topography and vegetation
Authors: Bower Samuel , Shobe Charles , Maxwell Aaron , Campforts Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Erosion following human disturbance threatens ecosystem health and inhibits effective land use. Mountaintop removal/valley fill (MTR/VF) mined landscapes of the Appalachian Coalfields region, USA, provide a unique opportunity to quantify the geomorphic trajectory of disturbed lands. Here we assess how MTR/VF-induced changes to topography and vegetation influence spatiotemporal erosion patterns in five mined watersheds. We use landscape evolution models starting from pre- and post-MTR/VF topographic data to isolate the influence of mining-induced topographic change. We then constrain ranges of erodibility from incision depths of gully features on mine margins, and use those estimates to model the influence of vegetation recovery trends on erosion. Topographic alterations alone reduce total sediment export from mined catchments. Model runs that incorporate the disturbance and recovery of vegetation in mined watersheds show that complete vegetation recovery keeps millennial sediment export from mined catchments within the range of unmined catchments. If vegetation recovery is anything less than complete, vegetation disturbance drives greater total sediment export from mined catchments than unmined catchments. Full vegetation recovery causes sediment fluxes to decline over millennia beyond the recovery period, while those without full recovery experience fluxes that increase over the same time period. Spatiotemporal erosion trends depend on 1) the extent of vegetation recovery and 2) the extent to which MTR/VF creates slope–area disequilibrium. Valley fills and mine scarps experience erosion rates several times higher than those found in the unmined landscapes. Rapid erosion of mined areas drives deposition in colluvial hollows, headwater stream valleys, and below scarps. Our experiments suggest that reclamation focused on maximizing vegetation recovery and reducing hotspots of slope–area disequilibrium would reduce MTR’s influence on Appalachian watersheds both during and long after the vegetation recovery period. Insights from MTR/VF-influenced landscapes can inform mined land management as the renewable energy transition drives increased surface mining.
Increased crevassing across accelerating Greenland Ice Sheet margins
Authors: Chudley Thomas , Howat Ian , King Michalea , MacKie Emma
Published: September 2023

The extent of surface crevassing on the Greenland Ice Sheet is a large source of uncertainty in processes controlling mass loss, including iceberg calving, ice rheology, and water routing. However, no work to date has comprehensively mapped the location of surface crevasses or examined their evolution through time. Here, we use high-resolution digital elevation models to map the 3-dimensional volume of crevasse fields across the Greenland Ice Sheet in 2016 and 2021. Whilst the change in the total volume of crevasses between these two years was within measurement error (+4.3 ± 5.9%), large and significant increases occurred at accelerating marine-terminating sectors of the ice sheet (up to +25.3 ± 10.1%). These increases were offset only by a reduction in crevasse volume in the central west sector (-14.2 ± 3.2%), particularly at Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), which underwent a temporary slowdown over the study period. Changes in crevasse volume correlate strongly with antecedent discharge changes, indicating that Greenland’s acceleration is affecting significant increases in crevassing on a timescale of less than five years. This rapid response provides a mechanism for mass-loss-promoting feedbacks on sub-decadal timescales, including increased calving, faster flow, and accelerated water transfer to the bed.
Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information
Authors: Pfleiderer Peter , Frölicher Thomas , Kropf Chahan , Lamboll Robin , Lejeune Quentin , Lourenco Tiago , McCaughey Jamie , Quilcaille Yann , Rogelj Joeri , Sanderson Benjamin , Smith Christopher , Sillmann Jana , Theokritoff Emily , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich
Published: September 2023

Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risk of crossing thresholds of socio-ecological systems and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an adequate response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach to link local climate risks to emission pathways. We outline the socio-economic and value judgment dimensions that can inform identification of such local risk thresholds and adaptation limits. We apply this approach to heat-mortality risks for the city of Berlin. To limit the likely maximum increase in the occurrence of heat days with expected health impacts to less than 50% compared to today, the remaining global carbon budget in 2020 is 700 Gt CO2. We argue that linking local risk threshold exceedance directly to global emission benchmarks can aid the understanding of the benefits of stringent emission reductions for societies and local decision-makers.
Full-waveform inversion as a tool to predict fault zone properties
Authors: Alghuraybi Ahmed , Bell Rebecca , Jackson Christopher , Sim Melissa , Jin Shuhan
Published: September 2023

Understanding the physical properties of fault zones is essential for various subsurface applications, including carbon capture and geologic storage, geothermal energy, and seismic hazard assessment. Despite improvements in fault imaging and visualisation, predicting the physical properties of faults and fault zones in the subsurface remains challenging, even with high-quality seismic reflection data. In this study, we use borehole and high-quality Post-Stack Depth Migrated (PSDM) seismic reflection and Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI) velocity data to investigate the characteristics of fault zones in the Samson Dome in the SW Barents Sea. We analyse the variance attribute of the PSDM and FWI volumes, revealing linear features that consistently appear in both datasets. These features correspond to locations of rapid velocity changes and seismic trace distortions, which we interpret as faults. These observations demonstrate the capability of FWI in recovering fault zone velocity structures. Our findings also reveal the natural heterogeneity and complexity of fault zones, with varying P-wave velocity anomalies within the studied fault network. We propose that these anomalies may indicate differences in fault transmissibility. Our study highlights the potential of FWI velocity models in predicting fault zone physical properties and improving subsurface interpretations. By integrating seismic reflection data and FWI models, we can enhance our understanding of fault zone architecture, which has implications for energy transition policies, carbon storage, geothermal energy development, waste disposal, and seismic hazard mitigation.
Do ethnic, migration-based, and regional language varieties put applicants at a disadvantage? A meta-analysis of biases in personnel selection
Authors: Schulte Niklas , Basch Johannes , Hay Hannah-Sophie , Melchers Klaus Gerhard
Published: September 2023

This meta-analysis examines biases in personnel selection based on applicants’ use of non-standard language such as ethnic and migration-based speech varieties or regional dialects. The analysis summarizes the results of 22 studies with a total N of 3615 raters that compared applicants with accent or dialect with applicants speaking standard language. The primary studies used different standard and non-standard languages and assessed different dependent variables related to hiring decisions in job interviews. The k = 109 effect sizes (Hedges' g) were assigned to the dependent variables of competence, warmth, and hirability. Non-standard speakers were rated less competent (δ = -0.70), less warm (δ = -0.17), and less hirable (δ = -0.51) compared to standard speakers. Thus, at the same level of competence, non-standard speakers are rated lower than standard speakers and might, therefore, be disadvantaged in personnel selection contexts. We also considered several potential moderator variables (e.g., applicants’ applicants’ specific language variety, raters’ own use of non-standard language, raters’ background) but only found rather limited support for them. Furthermore, publication bias also had only limited effects. Practical implications for personnel selection are discussed.
Psychometric Properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire – Short Form among Law Enforcement Officers
Authors: Christopher Michael , Ferry Marissa , Simmons Akeesha , Vasquez Alicia , Reynolds Brooke , Grupe Daniel W
Published: September 2023

Repeatedly capturing national headlines, excessive law enforcement officer (LEO) use of force in critical incident encounters is one of the most divisive human rights issues in the U.S. Valid and reliable measures of potential precursors to LEO excessive use of force, such as aggression, are needed. The Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire – short form (BPAQ-SF) is a validated measure of aggression across various populations; however, evaluation of this easily-administered measure in high-stress, frontline populations such as LEOs is limited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the BPAQ-SF in a sample of LEOs. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the four-factor solution provides an adequate fit to the data, SBχ²(25.31) = 62.08, p < .0001; CFI = .94, NNFI = .92, RMSEA = .19 (90% confidence interval = .17-.21), SRMR = .08. The BPAQ demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .84; ω = .83), test-retest reliability (r = .86), correlations in the expected direction with domains of psychological distress, negative health consequences and behaviors, and wellbeing (all p’s < .05), and sensitivity to change in an intervention targeting aggression. Results suggest that the BPAQ-SF is a valid and reliable measure of aggression among LEOs.
Ambivalence by Design: A Computational Account of Loopholes
Authors: Qian Peng , Bridgers Sophie Elizabeth Colby , Taliaferro Maya , Parece Kiera , Ullman Tomer David
Published: September 2023

Loopholes offer an opening. Rather than comply or directly refuse, people can subvert an intended request by an intentional misunderstanding. Such behaviors exploit ambiguity and under-specification in language. Using loopholes is commonplace and intuitive in everyday social interaction, both familiar and consequential. Loopholes are also of concern in the law, and increasingly in artificial intelligence. However, the computational and cognitive underpinnings of loopholes are not well understood. Here, we propose a utility-theoretic recursive social reasoning model that formalizes and accounts for loophole behavior. The model captures the decision process of a loophole-aware listener, who trades off their own utility with that of the speaker, and considers an expected social penalty for non-cooperative behavior. The social penalty is computed through the listener's recursive reasoning about a virtual naive observer's inference of a naive listener's social intent. Our model captures qualitative patterns in previous data, and also generates new quantitative predictions consistent with novel studies (N=265). We consider the broader implications of our model for other aspects of social reasoning, including plausible deniability and humor.
Conversational Assessment Using Artificial Intelligence is as Clinically Useful as Depression Scales and Preferred by Users
Authors: Weisenburger Rachel L. , Mullarkey Michael C , Labrada Jocelyn , Labrousse Daniel , Yang Michelle , MacPherson Allison Huff , Hsu Kean J. , Ugail Hassan , Shumake Jason , Beevers Christopher G
Published: September 2023

This manuscript has been published at the Journal of Affective Disorders: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.212.Background: Depression is prevalent, chronic, and burdensome. Due to limited screening access, depression often remains undiagnosed. Artificial intelligence (AI) models based on spoken responses to interview questions may offer an effective, efficient alternative to other screening methods.Objective: The primary aim was to use a demographically diverse sample to validate an AI model, previously trained on human-administered interviews, on novel bot-administered interviews, and to check for algorithmic biases related to age, sex, race, and ethnicity.Methods: Using the Aiberry app, adults recruited via social media (N = 393) completed a brief bot-administered interview and a depression self-report form. An AI model was used to predict form scores based on interview responses alone. For all meaningful discrepancies between model inference and form score, clinicians performed a masked review to determine which one they preferred.Results: There was strong concurrent validity between the model predictions and raw self-report scores (r = 0.73, MAE = 3.3). 90% of AI predictions either agreed with self-report or with clinical expert opinion when AI contradicted self-report. There was no differential model performance across age, sex, race, or ethnicity.Limitations: Limitations include access restrictions (English-speaking ability and access to smartphone or computer with broadband internet) and potential self-selection of participants more favorably predisposed toward AI technology.Conclusion: The Aiberry model made accurate predictions of depression severity based on remotely collected spoken responses to a bot-administered interview. This study shows promising results for the use of AI as a mental health screening tool.