bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What REALLY Works
Authors: Murphy P. Karen , Firetto Carla M. , Wei Liwei , Li Mengyi , Croninger Rachel M. V.
Published: January 2016

Many American students struggle to perform even basic comprehension of text, such as locating information, determining the main idea, or supporting details of a story. Even more students are inadequately prepared to complete more complex tasks, such as critically or analytically interpreting information in text or making reasoned decisions from reading. Although many reasons undergird students’ comprehension challenges, evidence-based instructional approaches can promote students’ comprehension and critical-analytic thinking. Teacher-facilitated, small-group discussions can promote students’ comprehension and critical-analytic thinking about, around, and with both oral and written discourse.
Long-acting recombinant coagulation factor IX albumin fusion protein (rIX-FP) in hemophilia B: results of a phase 3 trial
Authors: Santagostino Elena , Martinowitz Uri , Lissitchkov Toshko , Pan-Petesch Brigitte , Hanabusa Hideji , Oldenburg Johannes , Boggio Lisa , Negrier Claude , Pabinger Ingrid , von Depka Prondzinski Mario , Altisent Carmen , Castaman Giancarlo , Yamamoto Koji , Álvarez-Roman Maria-Teresa , Voigt Christine , Blackman Nicole , Jacobs Iris
Published: January 2016

Key Points

rIX-FP maintains mean trough of 20 and 12 IU/dL FIX activity with 40 IU/kg weekly and 75 IU/kg every 2 weeks prophylaxis, respectively. Weekly and 14-day prophylaxis regimens with rIX-FP were well tolerated and provided low bleeding rates and target joint improvement.
BayesFlow: latent modeling of flow cytometry cell populations
Authors: Johnsson Kerstin , Wallin Jonas , Fontes Magnus
Published: January 2016

Background

Flow cytometry is a widespread single-cell measurement technology with a multitude of clinical and research applications. Interpretation of flow cytometry data is hard; the instrumentation is delicate and can not render absolute measurements, hence samples can only be interpreted in relation to each other while at the same time comparisons are confounded by inter-sample variation. Despite this, most automated flow cytometry data analysis methods either treat samples individually or ignore the variation by for example pooling the data. A key requirement for models that include multiple samples is the ability to visualize and assess inferred variation, since what could be technical variation in one setting would be different phenotypes in another.

Results

We introduce BayesFlow, a pipeline for latent modeling of flow cytometry cell populations built upon a Bayesian hierarchical model. The model systematizes variation in location as well as shape. Expert knowledge can be incorporated through informative priors and the results can be supervised through compact and comprehensive visualizations.

BayesFlow is applied to two synthetic and two real flow cytometry data sets. For the first real data set, taken from the FlowCAP I challenge, BayesFlow does not only give a gating which would place it among the top performers in FlowCAP I for this dataset, it also gives a more consistent treatment of different samples than either manual gating or other automated gating methods. The second real data set contains replicated flow cytometry measurements of samples from healthy individuals. BayesFlow gives here cell populations with clear expression patterns and small technical intra-donor variation as compared to biological inter-donor variation.

Conclusions

Modeling latent relations between samples through BayesFlow enables a systematic analysis of inter-sample variation. As opposed to other joint gating methods, effort is put at ensuring that the obtained partition of the data corresponds to actual cell populations, and the result is therefore directly biologically interpretable. BayesFlow is freely available at GitHub.
Acoustic rhinometry and video endoscopic scoring to evaluate postoperative outcomes in endonasal spreader graft surgery with septoplasty and turbinoplasty for nasal valve collapse
Authors: Erickson Bree , Hurowitz Robert , Jeffery Caroline , Ansari Khalid , El Hakim Hamdy , Wright Erin D. , Seikaly Hadi , Greig Sam R. , Côté David W. J.
Published: January 2016

Background

Nasal obstruction is a common complaint seen by otolaryngologists. The internal nasal valve (INV) is typically the narrowest portion of the nasal cavity, and if this area collapses on inspiration the patient experiences significant symptoms of nasal obstruction. The nasal obstruction is further compounded if the INV is narrower than normal. Previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of techniques to alleviate structural nasal obstruction, but none have looked specifically at spreader grafts measured by acoustic rhinometry or validated grading assessment of dynamic INV collapse. Our objective was to evaluate the application of acoustic rhinometry coupled with visual endoscopic grading of the INV, and validated subjective measurements, in patients undergoing endonasal spreader graft surgery with septoplasty and turbinoplasty.

Methods

This is a prospective clinical study conducted within a tertiary care rhinoplasty practice. Patients undergoing septoplasty and bilateral inferior turbinoplasty with bilateral endonasal spreader graft placement for observed internal nasal valve collapse were recruited. Baseline, early and intermediate postoperative measures were obtained. The primary outcome was grading of the INV collapse on video endoscopy. Secondary outcomes included cross-sectional area at the INV measured by acoustic rhinometry, subjective Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Tool (SNOT-22) scores.

Results

A total of 17 patients, average age of 34.5 ± 12.2 years, undergoing septoplasty, bilateral endonasal spreader grafts, and bilateral turbinoplasty were included in the study. Postoperative measurements were performed at an average of 8.1 ± 1.6 weeks and 17.7 ± 4.2 weeks. Patients had significant improvement for INV collapse grading, cross-sectional area, NOSE and SNOT-22 scores in both the early and intermediate follow up. Endoscopic grading had moderate inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.579) and average intra-rater agreement (κ = 0.545).

Conclusions

This study is the first to demonstrate a statistically significant improvement of objective measurement of internal nasal valve function, both static and dynamic, and subjective improvements. This supports endonasal cartilagenous spreader grafts with septoplasty and inferior turbinoplasty for patients with nasal obstruction with internal nasal valve collapse.
Influence of a Dissection Video Clip on Anxiety, Affect, and Self-Efficacy in Educational Dissection: A Treatment Study
Authors: Randler Christoph , Demirhan Eda , Wüst-Ackermann Peter , Desch Inga H.
Published: January 2016

In science education, dissections of animals are an integral part of teaching, but they often evoke negative emotions. We aimed at reducing negative emotions (anxiety, negative affect [NA]) and increasing positive affect (PA) and self-efficacy by an experimental intervention using a predissection video to instruct students about fish dissection. We compared this treatment with another group that watched a life history video about the fish. The participants were 135 students studying to become biology teachers. Seventy received the treatment with the dissection video, and 65 viewed the life history video. We applied a pre/posttest treatment-comparison design and used the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the State–Trait–Anxiety Inventory for State (STAI-S), and a self-efficacy measure three times: before the lesson (pretest), after the film treatment (posttest 1), and after the dissection (posttest 2). The dissection film group scored higher in PA, NA, and state anxiety (STAI-S) after the dissection video treatment and higher in self-efficacy after the dissection. The life history group showed no differences between the pretest and posttest 1. The dissection film has clear benefits—increasing PA and self-efficacy—that come at the cost of higher NA and higher STAI-S.
Assessment of Primary Site Response in Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma: An International Multicenter Study
Authors: Bagatell Rochelle , McHugh Kieran , Naranjo Arlene , Van Ryn Collin , Kirby Chaim , Brock Penelope , Lyons Karen A. , States Lisa J. , Rojas Yesenia , Miller Alexandra , Volchenboum Sam L. , Simon Thorsten , Krug Barbara , Sarnacki Sabine , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Kammer Birgit , Granata Claudio , Pio Luca , Park Julie R. , Nuchtern Jed
Published: January 2016

Purpose

The International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria (INRC) require serial measurements of primary tumors in three dimensions, whereas the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) require measurement in one dimension. This study was conducted to identify the preferred method of primary tumor response assessment for use in revised INRC.

Patients and Methods

Patients younger than 20 years with high-risk neuroblastoma were eligible if they were diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 and if three primary tumor measurements (antero-posterior, width, cranio-caudal) were recorded at least twice before resection. Responses were defined as ≥ 30% reduction in longest dimension as per RECIST, ≥ 50% reduction in volume as per INRC, or ≥ 65% reduction in volume.

Results

Three-year event-free survival for all patients (N = 229) was 44% and overall survival was 58%. The sensitivity of both volume response measures (ability to detect responses in patients who survived) exceeded the sensitivity of the single dimension measure, but the specificity of all response measures (ability to identify lack of response in patients who later died) was low. In multivariable analyses, none of the response measures studied was predictive of outcome, and none was predictive of the extent of resection.

Conclusion

None of the methods of primary tumor response assessment was predictive of outcome. Measurement of three dimensions followed by calculation of resultant volume is more complex than measurement of a single dimension. Primary tumor response in children with high-risk neuroblastoma should therefore be evaluated in accordance with RECIST criteria, using the single longest dimension.
Influence of Cranial Radiotherapy on Outcome in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated With Contemporary Therapy
Authors: Vora Ajay , Andreano Anita , Pui Ching-Hon , Hunger Stephen P. , Schrappe Martin , Moericke Anja , Biondi Andrea , Escherich Gabriele , Silverman Lewis B. , Goulden Nicholas , Taskinen Mervi , Pieters Rob , Horibe Keizo , Devidas Meenakshi , Locatelli Franco , Valsecchi Maria Grazia
Published: January 2016

Purpose

We sought to determine whether cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is necessary to prevent relapse in any subgroup of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Patients and Methods

We obtained aggregate data on relapse and survival outcomes for 16,623 patients age 1 to 18 years old with newly diagnosed ALL treated between 1996 and 2007 by 10 cooperative study groups from around the world. The proportion of patients eligible for prophylactic CRT varied from 0% to 33% by trial and was not related to the proportion eligible for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in first complete remission. Using a random effects model, with CRT as a dichotomous covariate, we performed a single-arm meta-analysis to compare event-free survival and cumulative incidence of isolated or any CNS relapse and isolated bone marrow relapse in high-risk subgroups of patients who either did or did not receive CRT.

Results

Although there was significant heterogeneity in all outcome end points according to trial, CRT was associated with a reduced risk of relapse only in the small subgroup of patients with overt CNS disease at diagnosis, who had a significantly lower risk of isolated CNS relapse (4% with CRT v 17% without CRT; P = .02) and a trend toward lower risk of any CNS relapse (7% with CRT v 17% without CRT; P = .09). However, this group had a relatively high rate of events regardless of whether or not they received CRT (32% [95% CI, 26% to 39%] v 34% [95% CI, 19% to 54%]; P = .8).

Conclusion

CRT does not have an impact on the risk of relapse in children with ALL treated on contemporary protocols.
Informed or Misinformed Consent? Abortion Policy in the United States
Authors: Daniels Cynthia R. , Ferguson Janna , Howard Grace , Roberti Amanda
Published: January 2016

Since 2010, the United States has witnessed a dramatic expansion of state-based restrictions on abortion. The most common of these are informed consent statutes, which require that a woman seeking an abortion receive a state-authored informational packet before the abortion procedure can be performed. These laws, in addition to requiring the provision of information about alternatives to and risks of abortion, all also require details of embryological and fetal development. This article presents the findings of a comprehensive study of state-authored informed consent materials regarding embryological and fetal development. To conduct this study, we recruited a panel of experts in human anatomy to assess the accuracy of these materials in the context of the constitutional standard established in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania et al. v. Robert P. Casey et al. (505 U.S. 833 (1992)): that such information must be “truthful” and “nonmisleading.” We find that nearly one-third of the informed consent information is medically inaccurate, that inaccurate information is concentrated primarily in the earlier weeks of pregnancy and is clustered around particular body systems. We discuss the implications of our findings for the question of the constitutionality of informed consent laws as they have been implemented in practice.
Increasing the public health potential of basic research and the scientist satisfaction. An international survey of bioscientists
Authors: Scita Giorgio , Sorrentino Carmen , Boggio Andrea , Hemenway David , Ballabeni Andrea
Published: January 2016

Basic scientific research generates knowledge that has intrinsic value which is independent of future applications. Basic research may also lead to practical benefits, such as a new drug or diagnostic method.  Building on our previous study of basic biomedical and biological researchers at Harvard, we present findings from a new survey of similar scientists from three countries.  This survey asked about the scientists’ motivations, goals and perspectives along with their attitudes concerning  policies designed to increase both the practical (i.e. public health) benefits of basic research as well as their own personal satisfaction. Close to 900 basic investigators responded to the survey; results corroborate the main findings from the previous survey of Harvard scientists.  In addition, we find that most bioscientists disfavor present policies that require a discussion of the public health potential of their proposals in grants but generally favor softer policies aimed at increasing the quality of work and the potential practical benefits of basic research. In particular, bioscientists are generally supportive of those policies entailing the organization of more meetings between scientists and the general public, the organization of more academic discussion about the role of scientists in the society, and the implementation of a “basic bibliography” for each new approved drug.
The EMBL-EBI channel
Authors: McEntyre Jo , Birney Ewan
Published: January 2016

This editorial introduces the EMBL-EBI channel in F1000Research. The aims of the channel are to present EMBL-EBI outputs and collate research published on F1000Research contributed, in whole or in part, EMBL-EBI researchers.
Coal Mine Methane Utilization in Gas Turbine Units for Electricity and Heat Production
Authors: Кулаков  , Kulakov D. , Щёголев  , Shchegolev N. , Тумашев  , Tumashev R.
Published: January 2016

Coal mining is accompanied by the release of coal mine methane. Its emissions into the atmosphere within methane-air

mixture have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The modern approach involves the use of methane-air-mixture

for heat boilers or units to generate electricity. For the generation of heat and electrical energy the coal mine methane

could be used in cogeneration gas turbine plants with an altered sequence of processes. Thermo — and gas dynamics

studies were conducted in a wide range of parameters of gas turbine plants. For small power plants recommended are:

2.8 compression ratio, turbine inlet — 1173 K, gas cooler inlet temperature — 303 K, 0.8 regeneration ratio. In this case the

electrical efficiency of gas turbine plant is 25–26% and even 63–64% if produced heat is counted. Cogeneration gas turbine

plant with an altered sequence of process has smaller capital and operating costs compared to traditional gas turbine unit.

The use of methane-air mixture as fuel in such gas turbine units increases the profitability of coal mining and improves the

ecological situation in the region.
Formation of “Safety” Terminology (Technosphere)
Authors: Федорец  , Fedorets Aleksandr
Published: January 2016

Safety, along with freedom, is one of the most important indicators of the quality of our lives. But it is difficult to find a word in the Russian language, which, though used just as often, includes less specific meaning. The problem is that in the light of objective expansion of the "content" of the concept of "security" its "volume" in strict accordance with the rules of logic approaches zero. If possible, a more adequate definition of such fundamental concept as "security" should be seen as return of "volume." The definition cannot be given in isolation from domain concept most closely associated with technosphere, from other concepts and relationships between concepts of technosphere security. Assessing the adequacy of the described definition (definitions) of the subject area is only possible with system approach — in connection with the other terms of terminology. Logically, the same should be addressed to the formation of scientific and technical terminology of the subject area to avoid isolated definitions, and to form separate terms and their definitions within a coherent terminological system. An example of the wrong approach to the formation of the terminology is the Introduction into the Labour Code of the Russian Federation of a new legal term "occupational hazard", which did not work in this new subject area without its content and volume. Therefore, on the example of the concept of "security" the author proposed and demonstrated the methodology of formation of terminological concept of "security" (in technosphere) based on a model called the "puzzle of concepts."
The Empirical Implications of Privacy-Aware Choice
Authors: Cummings Rachel , Echenique Federico , Wierman Adam
Published: January 2016

This paper initiates the study of the testable implications of choice data in settings where agents have privacy preferences. We adapt the standard conceptualization of consumer choice theory to a situation where the consumer is aware of, and has preferences over, the information revealed by her choices. The main message of the paper is that little can be inferred about consumers’ preferences once we introduce the possibility that the consumer has concerns about privacy. This holds even when consumers’ privacy preferences are assumed to be monotonic and separable. This motivates the consideration of stronger assumptions and, to that end, we introduce an additive model for privacy preferences that has testable implications.
Dual Protection of Wood Surface Treated with Melamine-Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Mixed with Ammonium Polyphosphate against Both Fire and Decay
Authors: Ma Xing-xia , Kirker Grant T. , Jiang Ming-liang , Wu Yu-zhang
Published: January 2016

Surface coatings of melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resins (MUFs) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) have been shown to significantly improve the fire retardancy of wood by prolonging the ignition time and reducing the heat release rate, total heat released, and mass loss rate. Dual protection of wood against both decay and fire has been proposed for remedial situations and interior construction. In this study, the fire retardant MUF resin type 3 (MUF3)/APP mixture system showed strong activity against wood decay fungi via an activity inhibition test. Two species of wood were subjected to steeping with the fire retardants MUF3/APP. The treatments were evaluated for fire and decay resistance using cone calorimetry and fungal decay resistance tests. The results showed that MUF3/APP surface treatment can provide dual protection to wood against degradation by decay fungi and fire.
miR-21 Is Linked to Glioma Angiogenesis
Authors: Hermansen Simon Kjær , Nielsen Boye Schnack , Aaberg-Jessen Charlotte , Kristensen Bjarne Winther
Published: January 2016

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is the most consistently over-expressed microRNA (miRNA) in malignant gliomas. We have previously reported that miR-21 is upregulated in glioma vessels and subsets of glioma cells. To better understand the role of miR-21 in glioma angiogenesis and to characterize miR-21-positive tumor cells, we systematically stained consecutive serial sections from ten astrocytomas for miR-21, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), sex-determining region Y box 2 (Sox2) and CD133. We developed an image analysis-based co-localization approach allowing global alignment and quantitation of the individual markers, and measured the miR-21 in situ hybridization signal against the immunohistochemical staining of the six different markers. miR-21 significantly co-localized with the hypoxia- and angiogenesis-associated markers HIF-1α ( p=0.0020) and VEGF ( p=0.0096), whereas the putative miR-21 target, PTEN, was expressed independently of miR-21. Expression of stem cell markers Oct4, Sox2 and CD133 was not associated with miR-21. In six glioblastoma cultures, miR-21 did not correlate with the six markers. These findings suggest that miR-21 is linked to glioma angiogenesis, that miR-21 is unlikely to regulate PTEN, and that miR-21-positive tumor cells do not possess stem cell characteristics.
Suplementación de ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo en sujetos de edad avanzada: análisis crítico de la literatura
Authors: Aguilera-Eguía Raúl Alberto , Castro-Arredondo Fernanda Carolina , Campos-Carrión Paula Francisca , Ibacache-Palma Alejandro
Published: January 2016

La demencia es un síndrome que interfiere en funciones corticales de la persona, posiblemente causado por déficit de vitamina B12. Se cree que la suplementación de ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 puede prevenir el deterioro cognitivo o disminuirlo en sujetos sanos de edad avanzada que presentan altos niveles de homocisteína en plasma. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar la validez y aplicabilidad de los resultados con respecto a la efectividad de la suplementación de ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 en sujetos de edad avanzada con niveles elevados de homocisteína y responder al siguiente interrogante: en sujetos sanos de edad avanzada con niveles altos de homocisteína, ¿puede la suplementación de ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 prevenir o disminuir el deterioro de las funciones cognitivas? Se analizó la revisión sistemática Cochrane “Ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 para la prevención y el tratamiento de personas sanas de edad avanzada con demencia”, de Malouf et al. (2008). La administración de ácido fólico por tres años con o sin vitamina B12 en sujetos sanos de edad avanzada con un alto nivel de homocisteína en plasma, podrían mejorar significativamente la función cognitiva global, presentando una diferencia media ponderada de 0,05 (IC 95%; 0,004 a 0,096). A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas y la escasa cantidad de estudios primarios incluidos en la revisión sistemática analizada, encontramos razonable el uso de ácido fólico con o sin vitamina B12 para mejorar la función cognitiva en personas sanas de edad avanzada con niveles elevados de homocisteína.
Reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire in an adult population of Rosario, Argentina
Authors: Zapata María Elisa , Buffarini Romina , Lingiardi Nadia , Gonçalves-Soares Ana Luiza
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Dietary assessment of nutrients and food groups by food frequency questionnaire needs to be validated in each population. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the reproducibility and relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire among adults of Rosario, Argentina.Material and Methods: Two food frequency questionnaires and four 24-hour dietary recalls were applied in a sample of 88 adults. Reproducibility of food frequency questionnaire was estimated by correlation coefficients, and validity was assessed comparing the second food frequency questionnaire and the average of the 24-hour dietary recalls using cross-classification and Bland–Altman analyses.Results: Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients showed higher correlation for food groups than for energy and nutrients. More than 65% of the subjects were classified into the same quintile or into the adjacent quintile by both food frequency questionnaires. Bland–Altman plots showed reasonably acceptable agreement between the second food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recalls, especially for the main Argentinian foods groups (meat, cereal, dairy products, vegetables and fruits).Conclusions: Overall, food frequency questionnaire showed acceptable reproducibility and relative validity for assessment main food groups and nutrient intakes for adult population in Rosario.
Structural analysis of traditional Kadın Zeybek dances in İzmir
İzmir ili geleneksel Kadın Zeybek oyunlarının yapısal analizi
Authors: Yamaner Okdan Hale
Published: January 2016

İzmir has a dance culture where zeybek dances are performed predominantly. When the zeybek dances performed by men are danced by women they are called “kadın (female) zeybek”. Kadın zeybek dances are more agile in terms of rhythm, and simpler and elegant in terms of movement when compared to male zeybek dances. In traditional life, women aren’t welcome to dance in the same environment with men. Thus, female dances are performed indoors where men aren’t allowed to participate or even see the woman dancing. The staging of folk dances since the 1930’s has caused this rule applied in traditional life to lose its validity in urban atmosphere. While female dances are carried to the stage over time, men and women started to dance together on stage. As a result of these dances developments traditional dances gained a new category called “mixed dances” meaning dances performed by both sexes. Today, traditional dances are classified under the titles “female dances”, “male dances” and “mixed-sex dances” according to the gender of the dancer. This article is on the structural analysis of the zeybek dances performed by women only.

 

Özet

İzmir ili, zeybek türü oyunların ağırlıklı olarak oynandığı bir oyun kültürüne sahiptir. Erkekler tarafından oynanan zeybek oyunlarının kadınlar tarafından oynanan şekline kadın zeybeği denmektedir. Kadın zeybek oyunları erkek zeybek oyunlarına kıyasla ritmik yapı itibarıyla daha kıvrak, oynanış tavrı bakımından daha zarif oyunlardır. Geleneksel yaşamda kadının erkekle aynı ortamda oyun oynaması hoş karşılanmaz. Bu nedenle kadın oyun icraları erkeğin katılamadığı ve hatta oynayan kadını göremediği mekanlarda -kapalı alanlar- gerçekleşir. Halk oyunlarının 1930’lu yıllardan itibaren sahneye taşınması, geleneksel yaşamda uygulanan bu kuralın şehirlerde geçerliliğini yitirmesine neden olmuştur. Zamanla kadın oyunları sahneye taşındığı gibi, kadın ve erkek sahne üzerinde birlikte, yan yana dans etmeye başlamıştır. Bu gelişmeler sonucu geleneksel oyunlar karma oyunlar adı altında –kadın ve erkeğin beraber oynadığı oyunlar- yeni bir kategoriye kavuşmuştur. Günümüzde geleneksel oyunlar oyuncunun cinsiyetine göre kadın oyunları, erkek oyunları ve karma oyunlar şeklindeki üç başlıkta ele alınır. Bu yazı sadece kadınlar tarafından oynanan zeybek türünde oyunların yapısal analizini içerir. 
The Power of Inaction or Elite Failure? A Comment on Woll’s “The Power of Inaction”
Authors: Thiemann Matthias
Published: January 2016

This Review article discusses the book by Cornelia Woll, titled “The power of Inaction”.
Stock market reactions to conflict diamond trading restrictions and controversies
Authors: Seitz William Hutchins
Published: January 2016

This article explores market reactions to regulations that addressed the link between armed conflict and the diamond industry. The results show that several regulatory actions taken by the United Nations and the United States in the early 2000s corresponded with lower stock returns for diamond mining companies. Such effects are inconsistent with predictions made by some critics of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme. On the other hand, stock returns for jewelry companies were abnormally negative for events that hurt the reputation of conflict-free production and trade regimes. The expansion of legal diamond markets also coincided with abnormally positive returns for jewelry companies, while new restrictions on market access coincided with abnormally negative returns. The results suggest that i) diamond trade regulations affected businesses in important and measurable ways, and ii) that similar regulations may have broader applicability in related industries.
Assessment of adipokines, adenine nucleotides
and uric acid in the dynamics of coronary
intervention
Authors: Stygar D. , Skrzep-Poloczek B. , Slominska E. , Dolezych B. , Niedziela J. , Nowak J. , Wesolowski B. , Kukla M. , Krywult A. , Długaszek M. , Sawczyn T. , Poloczek J. , Zwirska-Korczala K.
Published: January 2016

Introduction: The association of vaspin
and visfatin, with a myocardial infarction is still
not fully understood. Reduced levels of adenine
nucleotides are hallmarks of chronic heart failure.
There is little data concerning the relationship
between these markers and their changes over time.
Material/Methods: The concentration of adenine
nucleotides, vaspin and visfatinwere assessed in 41
consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction one
before (day I) and four days after (day IV) percutaneous
coronary intervention (PCI) and a control group.
Results: Visfatin concentrations were higher before and
after PCI vs. control (visfatin I: median 25.55, 20.12 - 30.69
ng/ml; visfatin IV: median 20.79, 16.89 - 25.61 ng/ml vs.
control: median 14.94, 10.66 - 25.25 ng/ml; p < 0.0001).
Vaspin concentrations were lower before and after PCI vs.
control (vaspin I: median 0.18, 0.11 - 0.44 ng/ml; vaspin IV:
median 0.24, 0.15 - 0.58 ng/ml vs. control: median 1.303,
1.13 - 2.26 ng/ml, p < 0.00001). Concentrations of visfatin, day I, correlated well to vaspin concentrations (r2 = 0.201,
p = 0.011). ATP levels were significantly lower in patients
vs. controls (day I: p = 0.00012; day IV: p = 0.0001).
Conclusions: Changes in the analyzed visfatin and vaspin
concentrations can be used as potential MI markers.
Visfatin serum concentration may be considered a
potential marker to differentiate MI over time.
Comparison of evolutionary patterns of different
HBeAg status in HBV genotype B and C
Authors: Cai Ying , Wu Xiaomei , Shi Yunhui , Liu Wei
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work was to investigate the
different evolutionary patterns between HBeAg(+) and
HBeAg(-) status of genotype B and genotype C of Hepatitis
B virus (HBV). Complete HBV genome sequences were
obtained from GenBank, and were classified as HBeAg(+) of
genotype B, HBeAg(-) of genotype B, HBeAg(+) of genotype
C, and HBeAg(-) of genotype C. The results showed that
genotype B had lower diversity and a longer phylogenetic
tree than genotype C. This means that genotype B was
more conserved than genotype C. The genetic distance of
HBeAg(+) was shorter than that of HBeAg(-) in genotype B.
dN, dS, dN/dS of HBeAg(+) were lower than that of HBeAg(-).
In addition, the Core and S genes had lower diversity, and
were under lower selective pressure than other genes.
We propose that by having different HBeAg HBV receives
disparate immune selective pressures, however these
different genotypes also receive disparate natural selective
pressures. The evolutionary pattern of HBV could be one
of the important factors that may affect viral replication
in HBV infected patients and could therefore play an
important role in the diseases progression.
Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways
Authors: Huq Nazmul
Published: January 2016

The paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on future Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy-Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how government policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that institutional policies favoring economic development contributing heavily to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.
Climate change and socio-ecological transformation in high mountains: an empirical study of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Sati Vishwambhar Prasad
Published: January 2016

Mountain regions are highly vulnerable to climate change, as they are ecologically fragile, tectonically and seismically active, and geologically sensitive. The main objectives of this study are to examine socio-ecological transformations and to illustrate the major driving forces - climate change, education and waves of modern civilization - in the Garhwal Himalaya. Data on socio-ecological systems and their patterns of change were accumulated from primary and secondary sources and through participatory rural appraisal. We present a case study where household level surveys were conducted in two villages. A total of 37 households were surveyed. Additionally, marginal farmers and extension workers were interviewed. Questions on population, migration, cropping pattern and livestock were answered by the head of the surveyed households. Population size was decreasing due to out-migration. The whole Garhwal region experienced 15.3% out-migration, while migration from the two villages was observed at 50% during the period 1990-2014. Similarly, changes in land use and cropping patterns and in the livestock population were observed. There was a decrease in the extent of land under cereals (24%) and fruits (79%), a decrease in fruit production (75%), and a decrease in the number of livestock (76%). Climate change was observed as a major driver of the decrease in production and productivity of cereals and fruits, leading to land abandonment. Education, on the other hand, was a major driver of out-migration. Further, extreme events through climate change happened more frequently and changed the landscape. This study reveals that an increase in infrastructural facilities to create jobs and sustainable land management can control out-migration and can enhance land capability.
Ecosystem services for meeting sustainable development goals: Challenges and pathways
Authors: Huq Nazmul
Published: January 2016

The paper summarizes four presentations of the session “Environment and Wellbeing: The Role of Ecosystems for Sustainable Development” at the international conference “Sustainability in the Water- Energy-Food Nexus” held on 19-20th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany. The aim of the session was to present current stresses on ecosystem services imposed by global development trajectory, potential impacts on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and pathways to achieve SDGs. All four presentations agreed that global ecosystem services are under increasing pressure from degradation and may not be able to meet the growing Water-Energy- Food (WEF) demands especially for the developing world. Three examples from Tanzania, Cambodia and Niger made attempt to understand how governance policies attributed to natural resource depletion such as forestry and common grazing. The examples showed that governance policies favoring economic development are heavily contributing to clearing up natural resource bases. As a result, there were increasing conflicts among different resource user groups. Two other presentations introduce conceptual pathways to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under current resource stressed regime. The pathways suggested global technologies, decentralized solutions and consumption changes as the major means of achieving global sustainability and poverty eradication without any major trade-offs.
Co-Optimizing Solutions for Water and Food – Scoping the Nexus Challenges in the Agro-Sector and finding Scalable Business Solutions
Authors: Gain Animesh K. , Kumar M. Dinesh , Cramwinckel Joppe , Oesterlé Julie
Published: January 2016

The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus approach has an opportunity to create sustainable business solutions, especially in the agricultural sector. This report provides a clear understanding of challenges for the most promising and scalable solutions to the interconnected water, energy and food/feed/fiber problems, allowing combined co-optimization. Searching solutions for nexus challenges, a model based assessment of WEF nexus at global scale and a theoretical perspective of integrating economic and ecological objectives are presented. This study explores the opportunities for the global community to develop robust partnerships and cross sector collaboration to foster water security and increase resource use efficiency, particularly in agriculture and food industry, as part of corporate environmental and financial performance goals.
Tools for tackling the water-energy-food nexus
Authors: Byers Edward A.
Published: January 2016

Researchers and practitioners have developed many tools to study the water-energy-food nexus at a variety of scales and perspectives in order to aid decision-making. However, there is a recognised lack of tools that consider these interdependent and complex interactions in an integrated fashion. Whether to connect and federate wellestablished modelling systems and approaches, which may be challenging, or to design truly integrated tools for holistic consideration of the nexus issues, is also debated. This paper discusses four distinctly different approaches which appear to have wide-scale applicability, although demonstration of these approaches in multiple cases (besides the Polestar model which is already regional/ global) is yet to be applied. Sustainable implementation of any tools will require greater accessibility such that they may be more widely deployed by practitioners. Harmonisation of results and insights between different scales, so that decision-makers may consider global-local impacts, also remains a challenge.
Determining Canadian water utility preparedness for the impacts of climate change
Authors: Brettle Meagan , Berry Peter , Paterson Jaclyn , Yasvinski Gordon
Published: January 2016

General warming and extreme weather events associated with climate change are expected to negatively impact water utilities. Water utilities will need to adapt to continue providing safe drinking water and wastewater services. In 2012, the Canadian Water and Wastewater Association (CWWA) conducted a survey of 53 water utility officials to understand the expert perceptions of climate change risks and preparedness of Canadian utilities for current and future impacts. Results indicated that there is low awareness among water utility officials (30%) of thepossible impacts of climate change on water utilities, and more than half have not conducted climate change vulnerability assessments (65%) and do not have operational plans to address climate change impacts (56%). Officials from smaller utilities, which are considered to be more vulnerable to impacts, were of those less aware of these risks and reported taking fewer preparedness activities. Efforts to prepare water utilities for climate change impacts in Canada would benefit from education of utility officials about possible climate change risks, encouraging assessments of vulnerabilities, and increased training with new adaptation tools and resources.
Equivariant principal bundles for G–actions
and G–connections
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Kannan S. Senthamarai , Nagaraj D. S.
Published: January 2016

Given a complex manifold M equipped with an action of a group G, and a holomorphic principal
H–bundle EH on M, we introduce the notion of a connection on EH along the action of G, which is called a
G–connection. We show some relationship between the condition that EH admits a G–equivariant structure
and the condition that EH admits a (flat) G–connection. The cases of bundles on homogeneous spaces and
smooth toric varieties are discussed.
An overview of interactive application composition approaches
Authors: Davidyuk Oleg , Milara Iván Sánchez , Gilman Ekaterina , Riekki Jukka
Published: January 2016

Application composition is an approach to create
applications by using software components as building
blocks. Applications can be composed ofWeb Services
and resources associated with mobile devices, displays
and various augmented everyday objects. In this article,
we focus on ubiquitous applicationswhich aim at supporting
users’ needs and everyday activities. Application composition
is particularly suitable for these applications as
it proposes to compose ubiquitous applications by choosing
the appropriate set of services and resources and their
configuration as required by users, their needs and other
contexts. This article gives an overview and classifies interactive
application composition approaches. These approaches
provide the necessary user tools and various user
interfaces to enable users themselves to specify their needs
and achieve their goals with composed applications. The
approaches in this article are analyzed according to the
user support provided during the application life-cycle
and user involvement during the application composition
and execution phases. Furthermore,we look inside the design
of user interfaces for visual and non-visual user tools
and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In addition
to giving an overview of this research field, our aim is
to provide means for describing, classifying and comparing
different composition approaches.
Compatibility of Kisin modules for different uniformizers
Authors: Liu Tong
Published: January 2016

Let p be a prime and T a lattice inside a semi-stable representation V. We prove that Kisin modules associated to T by selecting different uniformizers are isomorphic after tensoring a subring in

W
⁢

(
R
)

{W(R)}

. As consequences, we show that several lattices inside the filtered

(
φ
,
N
)

{(\varphi,N)}

-module of V constructed from Kisin modules are independent on the choice of uniformizers. Finally, we use a similar strategy to show that the Wach module can be recovered from the

(
φ
,

G
^

)

{(\varphi,\hat{G})}

-module associated to T when V is crystalline and the base field is unramified.
Successful treatment of placenta previa totalis using the combination of a two-stage cesarean operation and uterine arteries embolization in a hybrid operating room
Authors: Koyano Maya , Hasegawa Junichi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Matsuoka Ryu , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: January 2016

A 37-year-old primigravida female with placenta previa totalis was transferred to our hospital at 29 weeks of gestation. A transvaginal ultrasound examination showed a dropped placenta into the uterine cervix and an effaced lower uterine segment. The boundary between the cervical muscle layer and the placenta was unclear. Consequently, although it was unclear whether complication of the adherence of placenta was present or not, massive hemorrhage with atonic bleeding in the lower uterine segment after placenta removal was strongly suspected. As the patient had uncontrolled vaginal bleeding, an emergency cesarean section was performed in a hybrid operating room. A transverse fundal incision of the uterus was made, and a 1143 g healthy neonate was delivered. As no signs of placental detachment or persistent bleeding were found, the uterus was closed, leaving the placenta. Thereafter bilateral uterine arterial embolization (UAE) with absorbable gelatin sponges was performed. On the third day after the operation, a second operation for placental removal. The placenta detached smoothly, but compression sutures were placed to control the bleeding at the site of placental removal around the uterine isthmus. In this case, we were able to conduct the treatment smoothly because of the antenatal ultrasound assessment and precise preparation of the cesarean section with UAE in the hybrid operation room. Using the hybrid operation room, sharing detailed surgical planning in cooperation with the physicians from other departments is important for obtaining a good outcome.
Intelligent drug delivery systems for the treatment of solid tumors
Authors: Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos
Published: January 2016

The rationale for the use of nanoparticle formulations to treat cancer is based on the ability of these particles to facilitate selective delivery of drugs to the tumor site, reducing adverse effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. Current clinically approved nanomedicines have managed to reduce adverse effects significantly but the increase in overall survival is modest in many cases. Therefore, even though the goal of a better quality of life for the cancer patients has been achieved in large part, the increase in life expectancy still remains a critical challenge. Abnormalities in the tumor micro-environment prevent homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles to the interior of the tumor, decreasing the efficacy of the drug. Intelligent drug delivery systems offer new hope for overcoming these physiological barriers posed by the tumor and have the potential to provide more effective treatments. This review discusses the barriers to the delivery of nanomedicines to solid tumors, suggests design considerations that could optimize delivery and reviews promising intelligent drug delivery systems that have been developed to date.