bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the acute inflammatory and metabolic response after meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein: the postprandial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (PIRA) trial
Authors: Hulander Erik , Bärebring Linnea , Winkvist Anna , Gjertsson Inger , Lindqvist Helen M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a point prevalence of around 20 million people worldwide. Patients with RA often believe that food intake affects disease activity, and that intake of red meat aggravate symptoms. The main objective of the Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIRA) trial was to assess whether postprandial inflammation and serum lipid profile are affected differently by a meal including red meat, fatty fish, or a soy protein (vegan) meal.

Methods

Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 25 patients were assigned to eat isocaloric hamburger meals consisting of red meat (60% beef, 40% pork), fatty fish (salmon), or soy protein for breakfast. Blood samples were taken before meals and at intervals up to 5 h postprandial. The analysis included the inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum lipids.

Results

No significant differences in postprandial IL-6 or triglyceride concentrations were found between meals. However, the area under the curve of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts, as well as VLDL-4-bound cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, was higher after the fatty fish compared to both red meat and soy protein.

Conclusion

Postprandial inflammation assessed by IL-6 did not indicate any acute negative effects of red meat intake compared to fatty fish- or soy protein in patients with RA. The fatty fish meal resulted in a higher number of VLDL-particles and more lipids in the form of small VLDL particles compared to the other protein sources.
A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause
Authors: Wylenzek Friederike , Bühling Kai J. , Laakmann Elena
Published: June 2024

A balanced and healthy diet during the menopausal transition and after menopause is crucial for women to reduce the risk for morbidities and chronic diseases due to deficiency of essential nutrients.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies that analyzed the impact of vitamin and nutrient deficiencies in postmenopausal women in relation to increased morbidities and chronic conditions.

Methods

Observational studies were searched in the databases PubMed, UpToDate, and Google Scholar.

Results

We searched 122 studies, of which 90 were included in our analysis. The meta-analysis of the data could not be performed because of the heterogeneity of the statistical methods in the included studies. In our study, we focused on the aspects of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene, belonging to the family of carotenoids. Postmenopausal women with deficiencies of these nutrients are more vulnerable to comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We concluded that women after menopause tend to have a greater probability of suffering from deficiencies in various vitamins and nutrients, and consequently have an increased risk of developing morbidities and chronic diseases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, maintaining optimum serum levels of nutrients and vitamins, either through a balanced and healthy diet consuming fresh fruits, vegetables, and fats or by taking appropriate supplementation, is essential in maintaining optimal health-related quality of life and reducing the risk for women during the menopausal transition and after menopause. Nevertheless, more recent studies need to be assessed to formulate adequate recommendations to achieve positive clinical outcomes.
Effects of Active Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure on Circulating Fibrocytes
Authors: Khan Faheem , Judge Eoin P. , Das Jeeban P. , White Daniel , Ingram Carolyn , Keane Michael P. , Butler Marcus W.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that active smoking impacts upon mediators and abundance of circulating fibrocyte cells in smoking-related disease characterised by fibrosis.

Methods

Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to investigate blood from five patient groups: healthy never-smokers, healthy current smokers, stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) active smokers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) never-smokers, and IPF active smokers.

Results

A significant inverse dose–response relationship was observed in healthy smokers among cumulative smoking burden (pack-years) and fibrocyte abundance (p = 0.006, r = −0.86). Among serum profibrotic fibrocyte chemokines measured, CCL18 rose significantly alongside fibrocyte numbers in all five subject groups, while having an inverse dose–response relationship with pack-year burden in healthy smokers (p = 0.003, r = −0.89). In IPF, CCL2 rose in direct proportion to fibrocyte abundance irrespective of smoking status but had lower serum levels in those currently smoking (p =  < 0.001). For the study population, CXCL12 was decreased in pooled current smokers versus never-smokers (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

The suppressive effect of current, as distinct from former, chronic smoking on circulating fibrocyte abundance in healthy smokers, and modulation of regulatory chemokine levels by active smoking may have implications for future studies of fibrocytes in smoking-related lung diseases as a potential confounding variable.
Robotic surgery versus conventional laparoscopy in sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease-a comparison of operative trauma and cost-effectiveness: retrospective, single-center analysis
Authors: Presl Jaroslav , Ehgartner M. , Schabl L. , Singhartinger F. , Gantschnigg A. , Wallner E. , Jäger T. , Emmanuel K. , Kessler H. , Koch O. O.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Robotic assisted surgery is an alternative, fast evolving technique for performing colorectal surgery. The primary aim of this single center analysis is to compare elective laparoscopic and robotic sigmoid colectomies for diverticular disease on the extent of operative trauma and the costs.

Methods

Retrospective analysis from our prospective clinical database to identify all consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent elective minimally invasive left sided colectomy for diverticular disease from January 2016 until December 2020 at our tertiary referral institution.

Results

In total, 83 patients (31 female and 52 male) with sigmoid diverticulitis underwent elective minimally invasive sigmoid colectomy, of which 42 underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) and 41 robotic assisted surgery (RS). The mean C-reactive protein difference between the preoperative and postoperative value was significantly lower in the robotic assisted group (4,03 mg/dL) than in the laparoscopic group (7.32 mg/dL) (p = 0.030). Similarly, the robotic´s hemoglobin difference was significantly lower (p = 0.039). The first postoperative bowel movement in the LS group occurred after a mean of 2.19 days, later than after a mean of 1.63 days in the RS group (p = 0.011). An overview of overall charge revealed significantly lower total costs per operation and postoperative hospital stay for the robotic approach, 6058 € vs. 6142 € (p = 0,014) not including the acquisition and maintenance costs for both systems.

Conclusion

Robotic colon resection for diverticular disease is cost-effective and delivers reduced intraoperative trauma with significantly lower postoperative C-reactive protein and hemoglobin drift compared to conventional laparoscopy.
The relation of recurrent laryngeal nerve to inferior thyroid artery and extralaryngeal nerve branching may increase the risk of vocal cord paralysis in thyroidectomy
Authors: Aygun Nurcihan , Unlu Mehmet Taner , Caliskan Ozan , Kostek Mehmet , Isgor Adnan , Uludag Mehmet
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) are common during thyroidectomy. We aimed to evaluate the risk of RLN paralysis in case of its anatomical variations, retrospectively.

Methods

The patients with primary thyroidectomy between January 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled. The effect of age, gender, surgical intervention, neuromonitorisation type, central neck dissection, postoperative diagnosis, neck side, extralaryngeal branching, non-RLN, relation of RLN to inferior thyroid artery (ITA), grade of Zuckerkandl tubercle on vocal cord paralysis (VCP) were investigated.

Results

This study enrolled 1070 neck sides. The extralaryngeal branching rate was 35.5%. 45.9% of RLNs were anterior and 44.5% were posterior to the ITA, and 9.6% were crossing between the branches of the ITA. The rate of total VCP was 4.8% (transient:4.5%, permanent: 0.3%). The rates of total and transient VCP were significantly higher in extralaryngeal branching nerves compared to nonbranching nerves (6.8% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.018; 6.8% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.006, respectively). Total VCP rates were 7.2%, 2.5%, and 2.9% in case of the RLN crossing anterior, posterior and between the branches of ITA, respectively (p = 0.003). The difference was also significant regarding the transient VCP rates (p = 0.004). Anterior crossing pattern increased the total and transient VCP rates 2.8 and 2.9 times, respectively.

Conclusion

RLN crossing ITA anteriorly and RLN branching are frequent anatomical variations increasing the risk of VCP in thyroidectomy that cannot be predicted preoperatively. This study is the first one reporting that the relationship between RLN and ITA increased the risk of VCP.
Impact of opioid analgesics on survival in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kavgaci Gozde , Guven Deniz Can , Kaygusuz Yunus , Karaca Ece , Dizdar Omer , Kilickap Saadettin , Aksoy Sercan , Erman Mustafa , Yalcin Suayib
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the effects of concurrent opioid analgesic (OA) use with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods

In this observational retrospective study, we included advanced cancer patients who received ICIs at Hacettepe University Hospital’s Department of Medical Oncology between June 2018 and January 2023.

Results

Our study included 375 recurrent or metastatic cancer patients treated with ICIs in the first, second line, or beyond. There were no significant differences between the OA-treated and OA-untreated groups regarding median age, age group, gender, primary tumor location, ICI type, or the presence of baseline liver and lung metastases. However, the OA-treated group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of patients who had received three or more prior treatments before initiating ICIs (p = 0.015). OA-Untreatment was significantly correlated with prolonged mPFS (6.83 vs. 4.30 months, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.79, p < 0.001) and mOS (17.05 vs. 7.68 months, HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.80, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates an association between the concurrent use of OAs and reduced OS and PFS in patients treated with ICIs. While OA treatment serves as a surrogate marker for higher disease burden, it may also suggest a potential biological relationship between opioids and immunotherapy efficacy.
Integrating scenario- and contract-based verification for automated vessels
Authors: Hake Georg , Reiher David , Mentjes Jan , Hahn Axel
Published: June 2024

Scenario-based verification defines the current state of the art for examining a vessel’s control systems for reliability and safety. However, software updates after release can only be covered to a limited extent. To take changes to a deployed system into account, the design and test phase must be harmonized with the operational phase. For all phases, regulatory, technical and safety requirements provide the scope to which the development process and the scenario-based tests need to be aligned and whose specifications the System under Test (SuT) must adhere to during operation. For this reason, a procedure is needed that converts the requirements into a format that can be utilized across all phases and measured in a structured manner comparing the original system to the updated version. This work does so by combining scenario-based verification methods with formal composition and monitoring techniques based on contract-based design into an integrated development approach. It is shown how safety requirements can be transferred into a Verification Descriptor that in turn provides the foundation for the division into model-based system development, contract-based virtual integration testing and a scenario-based test environment. For the entire lifecycle of the System under Test (SuT) to be included, the extended scenario and contract descriptors are carried forward up to the operational phase, such that the previously defined properties of the SuT can be monitored and validated during runtime. The approach is designed alongside a minimal-viable system and evaluated on an actual implementation of a safety-critical maritime LiDAR-based positioning system.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in cultural context II: a comparison of the links between ADHD symptoms and waiting-related responses in Hong Kong and UK
Authors: Chan Wendy W Y , Shum Kathy Kar-man , Downs Johnny , Liu Ngai Tsit , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J S
Published: June 2024

The concept of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to have cross-cultural validity, but direct comparisons of its psychological characteristics across cultures are limited. This study investigates whether preschool children’s ADHD symptoms expressed in two cultures with different views about child behaviour and parenting, Hong Kong and the UK, show the same pattern of associations with their waiting-related abilities and reactions, an important marker of early self-regulation. A community sample of 112 preschoolers (mean age = 46.22 months; 55 from UK, 57 from HK) completed three tasks measuring different waiting elements – waiting for rewards, choosing the amount of time to wait, and having to wait unexpectedly when a task is interrupted. Participants’ waiting-related behavioural and emotional reactions were coded. Parents rated their children’s ADHD symptoms and delay aversion. Our findings revealed that the associations between ADHD symptoms and waiting-related responses were comparable in both UK and HK samples. This suggests that the core psychological characteristics of ADHD, particularly in relation to waiting behaviours, may exhibit similarity across cultural contexts. Future research can extend this cross-cultural analysis to other ADHD-related psychological domains and explore additional cultural settings.
Is there a link between Spigelian and inguinal hernias? A case series
Authors: Lorenz R. , Vollmer U. , Conze J. , Loch F. , Paul-Promchan K. , Mantke R. , Paasch C. , Wiessner R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Spigelian hernias are among the rare primary ventral hernias. Diagnosis is often difficult, as many cases are asymptomatic. Spigelian and inguinal hernias are usually considered separately in current scientific literature. With this case series, we want to illustrate a possible relationship between the neighboring hernia types.

Methods

In this article, we report on a case series of Spigelian hernias that were operated on in five hernia centers in the period from January 1st, 2021 to October 31st, 2023. We have summarized all patient characteristics with previous operations and the result of the secondary operation.

Results

We report a case series with 24 Spigelian hernias, 15 of which have a connection to previous inguinal hernias. In these cases, however, it is not certain whether these are primarily overlooked or occult hernias or whether these Spigelian hernias have arisen secondarily, as a result of previous hernia surgery.

With this case series, we would like to point out a possible connection between Spigelian hernia and inguinal hernia. Further studies are needed to shed more light on this entity and explain its genesis.
Efficacy and safety of the paul glaucoma implant in the treatment of refractory primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Karapapak Murat , Olgun Ali
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the PAUL Glaucoma Implant (PGI) for managing refractory primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) over a one-year period.

Study Design

Retrospective.

Methods

A study was conducted using the medical records of thirty eyes of 17 patients who underwent PGI surgery for the treatment of refractory PCG. Primary outcome measures included failure criteria such as intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mm Hg, < 20% IOP reduction, necessity for further glaucoma intervention, implant removal, or loss of vision. Secondary outcomes focused on mean IOP, average number of glaucoma medications, best corrected visual acuity (logMAR), and incidence of complications.

Results

The mean preoperative IOP of 38.8 ± 9.2 mmHg significantly decreased to 16.1 ± 3.3 mmHg at 12 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). The average number of glaucoma medications reduced from 3.6 ± 0.5 preoperatively to 0.9 ± 1.2 at 12 months post-op. Visual acuity remained stable in 24 eyes, decreased in 4, and increased in 2. Early postoperative complications occurred in 13.3% of patients, but no late complications were reported. The cumulative success rate was 86.6%.

Conclusion

The PGI appears to be a safe and effective option for managing refractory primary congenital glaucoma, demonstrating significant IOP reduction and decreased dependence on glaucoma medications over a one-year period, with a high success rate and manageable complication profile.
The species, density, and intra-plant distribution of mites on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Tan Jiunn Luh , Trandem Nina , Hamborg Zhibo , Sapkota Bijaya , Blystad Dag-Ragnar , Fránová Jana , Zemek Rostislav
Published: June 2024

The adoption of the European Green Deal will limit acaricide use in high value crops like raspberry, to be replaced by biological control and other alternative strategies. More basic knowledge on mites in such crops is then necessary, like species, density, and their role as vectors of plant diseases. This study had four aims, focusing on raspberry leaves at northern altitude: (1) identify mite species; (2) study mite population densities; (3) investigate mite intra-plant distribution; (4) investigate co-occurrence of phytophagous mites, raspberry leaf blotch disorder and raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). Four sites in south-eastern Norway were sampled five times. Floricanes from different parts of the sites were collected, taking one leaf from each of the upper, middle, and bottom zones of the cane. Mites were extracted with a washing technique and processed for species identification and RLBV detection. Mites and leaves were tested for RLBV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with virus-specific primers. Phytophagous mites, Phyllocoptes gracilis, Tetranychus urticae, and Neotetranychus rubi, and predatory mites, Anystis baccarum and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri were identified. All phytophagous mites in cultivated raspberry preferred the upper zone of floricanes, while in non-cultivated raspberry, they preferred the middle zone. The presence of phytophagous mites did not lead to raspberry leaf blotch disorder during this study. RLBV was detected in 1.3% of the sampled plants, none of them with leaf blotch symptoms, and in 4.3% of P. gracilis samples, and in some spider mite samples, implying that Tetranychids could also be vectors of RLBV.
Mindfulness Training in Swiss Elementary Schools: Effectiveness and Role of Implementation Quality in a Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Preisig David , Neuenschwander Regula
Published: June 2024

Background

Despite the growing interest in school-based mindfulness training (SBMT) and its evaluation, evidence on the effectiveness of SBMT is still limited and somewhat inconsistent. Further, knowledge on the role of implementation quality, which is essential for a more widespread use of SBMT, is scarce.

Objective

This study examined effects of two established 8-week SBMTs and the role of implementation quality. Interventions were hypothesized to enhance emotion regulation, social well-being, and emotional well-being. Furthermore, higher responsiveness of participants and quality of delivery were hypothesized to be associated with better program effectiveness.

Method

Nineteen elementary school classes (second through sixth grade) from German-speaking regions of Switzerland, with 246 students (aged 9 to 12 years), chose to implement either intervention and were then randomly assigned to the intervention or a waitlist control group (cluster-randomized).

Results

Multilevel modeling revealed that SBMT enhanced some aspects of social well-being (self-reported social participation), and further partially stabilized emotion regulation (self-reported anger control). However, there were also unexpected effects (enhanced self-reported stress vulnerability and hiding of emotions, as well as reduced parent-reported social participation and prosocial behavior). Effects were small, quite robust when controlling for covariates, and not consistent across informants and SBMTs. No robust associations between higher quality of delivery and better effectiveness of SBMT were found, and higher responsiveness of participants was only associated with higher anger control after the intervention.

Conclusions

We discuss in-depth the reasons for unexpected findings and provide directions for future research.
Ecological displacement in a Rocky Mountain hybrid zone informs management of North American martens (Martes)
Authors: Colella Jocelyn P. , Freymueller Nicholas A. , Land Danielle M. , Wiens Ben J. , Stone Karen D. , Cook Joseph A.
Published: June 2024

Context

Parapatric sister species are ideal for tests of ecological interactions. Pacific (Martes caurina) and American pine (M. americana) martens are economically and culturally valuable furbearers that hybridize in the north-central Rocky Mountains. Despite preliminary evidence of biased introgression, the hybrid zone has been geographically stable for 70 years, but interspecific ecological interactions have yet to be examined in detail.

Objectives

We test whether ecological interactions may influence the outcome of hybridization in this system. To that end, we estimate the fundamental niche of each species and gauge how suitability landscapes change when the two species are in contact.

Methods

We genotyped > 400 martens from the Rocky Mountain hybrid zone to diagnose individuals to species-level and identify putative hybrids. We then built range-wide ecological niche models for each species, excluding individuals in the hybrid zone, to approximate their respective fundamental niches. Those models were projected into the hybrid zone and compared with niche models trained on individuals within the hybrid zone to assess how niche dynamics change when the species are in sympatry.

Results

The fundamental niche of each species differed significantly, while the hybrid zone was equally suitable for both. Niches of each species based on models built within the hybrid zone showed that Pacific martens utilized significantly less suitable habitat than expected based on their range-wide fundamental niche, suggesting that species interactions shape local hybridization. We detected few admixed individuals (12%), with no evidence of directional (sex or species) biases. Interstate-90 further acts as a major dispersal barrier.

Conclusions

North American martens are currently managed as a single species by some state agencies, yet significant ecological and genetic differences indicate they should be managed separately. The observed ecological displacement of Pacific martens by American pine martens may partially explain the mixed success of historical, mixed-species wildlife translocations and cautions such translocations in the future. Landscape-scale consideration of ecological dynamics, in addition to molecular compatibility, will be essential to the success of future translocations.
Synthesis, structure elucidation, antioxidant properties, and theoretical calculations of new Schiff bases–isatin derivatives
Authors: Bakır Temel Kan , Çavuş M. Serdar , Muğlu Halit , Yakan Hasan
Published: June 2024

Isatin-derived Schiff bases are the subject of many studies, finding wide application areas in polymer technology, pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. In this study, a series of new Schiff bases were prepared from monothiocarbohydrazones based on isatins with different substituents (5-F, 5-Br, 5-I, and 5-MeO). The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR spectroscopic techniques, and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activity determinations of 23 compounds were performed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quenching method. The highest percent inhibition value at 10 µM concentration was shown by compound number 22, 5-bromoisatin Schiff base containing 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy group. Compound 17, a 5-iodoisatin Schiff base containing 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy group, showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 9.76 ± 0.03 µM. In addition to the theoretical analysis of the compounds, both their spectroscopic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The ground-state geometries and some chemical reactivity parameters of the compounds were calculated using the B3LYP/6-311 +  + G(2d,2p) approach. Besides intramolecular interactions, substituent effects, and some QTAIM parameters, the calculations were also performed to study the electronic properties of reactive N/O–H bonds and were used to interpret the experimental results. The effects of the electronic parameters and intramolecular interactions of reactive N/O–H bonds on the antioxidant properties of the compounds were investigated. Additionally, the relationships of DPPH reactions with delocalization indices of N/O-H bonds and the pattern of SET/HAT mechanisms with electronic variables were analyzed. Examination of electron and hydrogen atom transfer mechanisms has shown the dominance of electron transfer, supported by the correlation coefficients between IC50 values and SET reaction energies.
Sustainable Water Resources Management through Disaggregated Multi-Region Virtual Water Flow and Interaction Analysis
Authors: Zheng Boyue , Liu Lirong , Huang Guohe , Baetz Brian , Zhai Mengyu , Zhang Kaiqiang , Lu Chen
Published: June 2024

Virtual water transfer is considered as an important pathway to alleviate water shortage in arid regions due to limited water resources and unbalanced distribution. It is essential to explore the hidden mechanism of virtual water transfers among multiple regions to support future water resources allocation and management. In this study, a Disaggregated Multi-Region Virtual Water Flow and Interaction (DrWIn) model is developed to facilitate the analysis of virtual water inflow, outflow, transfer balance, and the related interactions. In addition, a factorial analysis is integrated to quantify the impacts of industrial water consumption and their interactive effects. A special case study of China is conducted to illustrate the applicability and superiority of the DrWIn model. It is found that interaction effects of any two industries are negative, indicating that high freshwater consumption in two industries is not the best choice. The obtained results provide a solid scientific basis for identifying the key industries and regions across a multi-region study system and supporting water resources utilization management in the future.
Longitudinal fragility phenotyping contributes to the prediction of lifespan and age-associated morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred mice
Authors: Luciano Alison , Robinson Laura , Garland Gaven , Lyons Bonnie , Korstanje Ron , Di Francesco Andrea , Churchill Gary A.
Published: June 2024

Aging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
Elucidating the Influence of Coating Materials in the Microencapsulation Process of Hempseed Oil Via Spray Drying: A Comprehensive Analysis of Physicochemical Attributes, Oxidation Stability, and Thermal Properties
Authors: Cevik Kutlu , Yalcin Hasan , Konca Yusuf
Published: June 2024

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of different coating materials on the microencapsulation of hempseed oil by spray drying. For this purpose, hempseed oil emulsions were prepared with skimmed milk powder (SMP), maltodextrin (MD), and whey protein concentrate (WPC). The properties of these emulsions including rheological, zeta potential, and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Then, hempseed oil microcapsules were produced using spray drying. The effect of the different coating materials on spray-dried hempseed oil capsules was evaluated in terms of microencapsulation yield, surface oil, microencapsulation efficiency, oxidation stability, and physicochemical properties. The combinations of SMP (50.58%) or WPC (56.21%) with MD significantly enhanced the microencapsulation yield. The highest microencapsulation efficiency (92.16%) was obtained in the microcapsule with SMP: MD. This microcapsule with SMP: MD also showed higher oxidative stability compared to other microcapsules. Besides, this combination (SMP: MD) effectively protected the hempseed oil against oxidation during the Schaal oven test. Additionally, spray-dried hempseed oil microcapsules were characterized using FT-IR, TGA, and SEM. It was determined that using MD as a coating material improved the thermal stability of the microcapsules. As a result, it was concluded that the SMP: MD as a coating material was suitable for the microencapsulation of hempseed oil.
Embolization with or without portal vein stenting for bleeding ectopic jejunal varices in hepatopetal portal collaterals due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion or stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery
Authors: Ogawa Satoyuki , Yamamoto Akira , Jogo Atsushi , Kageyama Ken , Sohgawa Etsuji , Ohira Go , Kimura Kenjiro , Tanaka Shogo , Amano Ryosuke , Takemura Shigekazu , Ishizawa Takeaki , Miki Yukio
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of embolization with or without portal vein stenting for bleeding ectopic jejunal varices in the hepatopetal portal collateral due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion or stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.

Materials and methods

This study included consecutive patients who underwent embolization for bleeding ectopic jejunal varices in the hepatopetal collateral due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion or stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery between September 2012 and December 2020. The safety, technical and clinical success rates (no re-bleeding within 1 month) and re-bleeding-free survival after the first therapy and overall survival were assessed.

Results

Fourteen sessions in 11 patients were included. Four patients (7 sessions) underwent variceal embolization only, and the remaining seven patients (7 sessions) underwent portal vein stenting and variceal embolization. Technical success was achieved in all 14 sessions (100%). Clinical success was achieved in 13 of 14 sessions (92.9%). No treatment-related serious complications including liver failure were observed. One-year and 2-year re-bleeding-free survival rate after the first endovascular therapy in all 11 patients was 90.9 and 60.6%, respectively. Two patients who experienced re-bleeding had repeat embolization treatment. There was no significant difference in re-bleeding-free survival after endovascular therapy between the combination with stenting and embolization group and the embolization-only group (p = 0.13).

Conclusion

Embolization with or without portal vein stenting of bleeding ectopic jejunal varices in the hepatopetal portal collateral due to extrahepatic portal vein occlusion or stenosis after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery can be considered a safe, effective, and repeatable therapy for long-term hemostasis of uncontrollable bleeding.
Parental Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Helicobacter Pylori Screening in Adolescents: A School-Based Questionnaire Study Among Guardians of Junior High School Students in Yokosuka City, Japan
Authors: Saito Hiroaki , Uchiyama Taiga , Matsuoka Mikio , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Eguchi Yuichiro , Tsubokura Masaharu , Mizuno Yasuhiro
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, a risk factor for gastric cancer, is prevalent in Japan. Consequently, some municipalities across Japan are implementing HP screening and treatment programs for adolescents. However, little is known about parents’ attitudes and awareness regarding HP screening for their children. This study aimed to elucidate parental perspectives on HP screening for their children and identify the factors influencing these attitudes.

Methods

This study focused on the parents of first-year junior high school students in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, where an HP screening and treatment program had been implemented for adolescents. The survey questionnaire was distributed among parents in all 23 public junior high schools in Yokosuka City.

Results

Among the 618 respondents, 86.4% supported HP screening for their children. Regression analysis identified sufficient knowledge about HP (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.10–16.03) and being in their 40s (aOR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.35–3.77) as significant factors influencing supportive attitudes. For parents favoring the screening, common reasons included perceiving it as a promising opportunity (53.2%) and considering the test necessary (44.0%). In contrast, those who opposed screening frequently cited it as unnecessary (66.7%) or believed that their children did not have HP.

Conclusions

A significant proportion of parents in Yokosuka City, Japan, demonstrated a good understanding of HP and expressed a high level of interest in HP screening for their children. Further investigation of parents’ attitudes is essential for the effective implementation of adolescent HP screening programs.
Is the Self-Categorization of Social Network Consumption Related to Subjective Well-Being? A Longitudinal Study of Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Malo Cerrato Sara , Benítez Baena Isabel , González-Carrasco Mònica
Published: June 2024

The impact of social network consumption on adolescents’ subjective well-being (SWB) has remained a subject of debate in cross-sectional studies, and the understanding of how changing social network consumption patterns affect SWB over time is even more limited. This study adopts an innovative approach, utilizing various measurement scales to assess adolescents’ SWB alongside the evolution of their SSNC patterns. A four-wave longitudinal study was conducted involving 341 participants aged 9 to 14 from Spain. The findings indicate that as adolescents age, their perception of SSNC increases, while SWB declines over time. Adolescents categorizing themselves as low consumers of social networks consistently exhibited higher SWB scores than those with medium and high consumption levels. Notably, the relationship between SSNC and SWB showed variations depending on the measurement scale used. An analysis of the evolution of social network consumption profiles (SNCPs) revealed four distinct profiles, although these were not linked to changes in SWB over time. Finally, participants with an extreme consumption profile consistently exhibited significantly lower SWB scores. These findings underscore the importance of continuously monitoring social media use and its effects on SWB, especially within subgroups displaying more extreme consumption patterns, an insight that has implications for preventive interventions.
Logarithmic Sobolev-Type Inequalities on Lie Groups
Authors: Chatzakou Marianna , Kassymov Aidyn , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: June 2024

In this paper we show a number of logarithmic inequalities on several classes of Lie groups: log-Sobolev inequalities on general Lie groups, log-Sobolev (weighted and unweighted), log-Gagliardo–Nirenberg and log-Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities on graded Lie groups. Furthermore, on stratified groups, we show that one of the obtained inequalities is equivalent to a Gross-type log-Sobolev inequality with the horizontal gradient. As a result, we obtain the Gross log-Sobolev inequality on general stratified groups but, very interestingly, with the Gaussian measure on the first stratum of the group. Moreover, our methods also yield weighted versions of the Gross log-Sobolev inequality. In particular, we also obtain new weighted Gross-type log-Sobolev inequalities on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

for arbitrary choices of homogeneous quasi-norms. As another consequence we derive the Nash inequalities on graded groups and an example application to the decay rate for the heat equations for sub-Laplacians on stratified groups. We also obtain weighted versions of log-Sobolev and Nash inequalities for general Lie groups.
LPA1 antagonist-derived LNPs deliver A20 mRNA and promote anti-fibrotic activities
Authors: Yan Jingyue , Kang Diana D. , Wang Chang , Hou Xucheng , Du Shi , Wang Siyu , Xue Yonger , Liu Zhengwei , Li Haoyuan , Zhong Yichen , Deng Binbin , McComb David W. , Dong Yizhou
Published: June 2024

Activated fibroblasts are major mediators of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibroblasts are generally found in the connective tissue but upon activation can generate excess extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lung interstitial section. Therefore, fibroblasts are one of the most targeted cells for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we develop an anti-fibrotic platform that can modulate both the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) and the inflammatory pathway through tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, also known as A20) in fibroblasts. First, we synthesized a series of LPA1 antagonists, AM095 and AM966, derived amino lipids (LA lipids) which were formulated into LA-lipid nanoparticles (LA-LNPs) encapsulating mRNA. Specifically, LA5-LNPs, with AM966 head group and biodegradable acetal lipid tails, showed efficient A20 mRNA delivery to lung fibroblasts in vitro (80.2% ± 1.5%) and ex vivo (17.2% ± 0.4%). When treated to primary mouse lung fibroblasts (MLF), this formulation inhibited fibroblast migration and collagen production, thereby slowing the progression of IPF. Overall, LA5-LNPs encapsulated with A20 mRNA is a novel platform offering a potential approach to regulate fibroblast activation for the treatment of IPF.
Non-Thermal Processing Technologies for Allergen Control in Alternative Protein Sources for Food Industry Applications
Authors: Dong Gaoya , Hinds Laura M. , Soro Arturo B. , Hu Zhipeng , Sun Da-Wen , Tiwari Brijesh K.
Published: June 2024

Sustainable food practices within the food industry are pertinent to allow efficient food supply while not negatively impacting the environment. Alternative proteins have gained the attention of the food industry and consumers. To provide safe novel food products, these protein sources need to be assessed for potential allergen risk to ensure food safety and allow effective labelling to protect the consumer. In this review, the various detection assays applied to target potential allergens in novel and alternative foods are described together with their applications, mechanisms and limitations. Additionally, the use of non-thermal technologies to mitigate the reactivity of food allergens in these new products is explored. Non-thermal techniques including cold plasma, pulsed electric field, ultrasound and gamma irradiation are discussed. This review examines the potential mechanisms by which non-thermal technologies may reduce food allergenicity, primarily through alterations in protein epitopes that could affect antibody recognition. However, it is important to note that the understanding of the precise mechanisms and outcomes in allergen mitigation through these methods remains an area requiring further research.
Analyzing operational risks of digital supply chain transformation using hybrid ISM-MICMAC method
Authors: Hasani Aliakbar , Haseli Gholamreza , Deveci Muhammet
Published: June 2024

Identifying and prioritizing risks is crucial for the successful digital transformation of a supply chain's key processes without disruption. An organized and comprehensive risk assessment framework will significantly ensure a sustainable transformation to a digital supply chain. In this study, digital transformation risks are identified and prioritized using a hybrid fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method under uncertainty. Additionally, appropriate risk mitigation strategies for the top-ranked risks are presented, and potential relationships among them are addressed. Initially, potential risks in digital transformation were identified based on expert opinions. A fuzzy hierarchical and analytic network process was then applied to determine the importance of evaluation criteria and the final ranking of potential risks, respectively. Efficient risk mitigation strategies were proposed, and interrelationships among them were assessed using interpretive structural modeling and a matrices impacts croisés multiplication appliquée à un classement (MICMAC) analysis. The results indicate that information technology risk, supply chain management risk, and financial risks are the top three risks in the identified ranking. Furthermore, implementing an integrated data strategy and proposing comprehensive business agreements with supply chain players are considered the most impactful strategies for risks with top ranks.
Verständlichkeit mündlicher Erklärungen von Sportlehrkräften
Authors: Heemsoth Tim , Krieger Claus , Frerichs Rieke , Schmitz Anke , Wallot Sebastian , Härtig Hendrik , Leiss Dominik
Published: June 2024

Gute mündliche Erklärungen von Sportlehrkräften werden als mitentscheidend für das Verständnis von Schüler*innen im Sportunterricht angenommen. Dabei ist jedoch unklar, welche Merkmale in einer mündlichen Erklärung so zur Verständlichkeit beitragen, dass sie das Verstehen von Schüler*innen besonders fördern. Die vorliegende experimentelle Studie mit N = 356 Schüler*innen der Klassenstufen 7–9 variiert dafür im Rahmen eines 2 × 2-Designs die zwei Kohärenzbildungshilfen sprachliche Segmentierung (hoch vs. gering) und Qualität der zusammenfassenden Situationsbeispiele (regelkonform vs. regelwidrig) in einer videografierten mündlichen Erklärung des Spiels Kin-Ball. Die Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass der Grad der Segmentierung weder eine Bedeutung für das Erinnern und Wiedergeben zentraler Spielregeln (Regelwissen) noch für das Analysieren und Evaluieren von Spielsituationen (Regelanwenden) hat. Das Regelwissen wird jedoch unterstützt, wenn die Erklärung mit regelwidrigen statt mit regelkonformen Spielsituationen zusammengefasst wird. Das Regelanwenden hingegen profitiert von einer Kombination aus hoher Segmentierung und regelkonformen Situationsbeispielen. Sämtliche Effekte der Kohärenzbildungshilfen sind von der selbst eingeschätzten Sprachfähigkeit der Schüler*innen unabhängig. Insgesamt kann die Studie zu einem besseren Verstehen bedeutsamer sprachlicher Kohärenzbildungshilfen in mündlichen Erklärungen im Fach Sport beitragen.
CSRP1 gene: a potential novel prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia with implications for immune response
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , Wang Yulu , Wang Huan , Sharma Amit , Wu Yun , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. , Wang Zifeng
Published: June 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia, constituting a majority of leukemias, grapples with a 24% 5-year survival rate. Recent strides in research have unveiled fresh targets for drug therapies. LIM-only, a pivotal transcription factor within LIM proteins, oversees cell development and is implicated in tumor formation. Among these critical LIM proteins, CSRP1, a Cysteine-rich protein, emerges as a significant player in various diseases. Despite its recognition as a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target in various cancers, the specific link between CSRP1 and acute myeloid leukemia remains unexplored. Our previous work, identifying CSRP1 in a prognostic model for AML patients, instigates a dedicated exploration into the nuanced role of CSRP1 in acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods

R tool was conducted to analyze the public data. qPCR was applied to evaluate the expression of CSRP1 mRNA for clinical samples and cell line. Unpaired t test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, KM curves, spearman correlation test and Pearson correlation test were included in this study.

Results

CSRP1 displays notable expression variations between normal and tumor samples in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It stands out as an independent prognostic factor for AML patients, showing correlations with clinical factors like age and cytogenetics risk. Additionally, CSRP1 correlates with immune-related pathways, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in AML. Furthermore, the alteration of CSRP1 mRNA levels is observed upon treatment with a DNMT1 inhibitor for THP1 cells.

Conclusion

The CSRP1 has potential as a novel prognostic factor and appears to influence the immune response in acute myeloid leukemia. Additionally, there is an observed association between CSRP1 and DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia.