bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Éltető erőforrásunk, a víz védelme napjainkban
Authors: Hornyik Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2022

Dr. András Szöllősi-Nagy is an internationally renowned professor, by qualification an engineer, hydrologist. Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (management of hydrology and water management systems). He has been a visiting professor at several foreign universities (Sweden, Canada, Thailand, China). For twenty years he was Secretary of the UNESCO International Hydrology Programme in Paris, and he was Deputy Director- General of UNESCO’s Natural Sciences Sector for ten years. For the past five years, he has been rector of the UNESCO-IHE Institute of Water Science in Delft, the Netherlands. He is professor of Stochastic Hydrology at Delft University of Technology and at the UNESCO-IHE. His main research interests are stochastic hydrological systems and recursive forecasting algorithms, as well as the hydrological effects of sustainable development and climate change. Lecturer at the Faculty of Water Sciences of the University of Public Service, Honorary Doctor of the University of Debrecen. His professional opinion and resolutions – given his professional career so far – serve as a credible and effective guide for responsible water professionals. We asked the professor about how science serves national water management, what has happened so far and what we still need to do to conserve available water resources, and how extreme situations and epidemics affect these activities.
Kegyeleti kérdések a büntetőjogban
Authors: Fázsi László , Fekete Magdolna
Published: May 2022

Aim: Presentation of the criminal law aspects of the reverence and the examination of practical implementation of the aspects of the issue of reverence.Methodology: Examination of criminal records of the legal environment and fatal road accidents.Findings: The authors deal in detail with the former and current regulation of the misdemeanour of contempt, then with the procedural application of the aspects of reverence, and finally with reference to concrete examples with the anomalies of the investigative practice related to the on-site examination of the dead.Value: The authors draw attention to the fact that it would be justified to amend the rules of evidence in the Code of Criminal Procedure in order to ensure a more effective enforcement of the right to reverence. The study also draws attention to the fact that there is no legal basis for the closed handling of contempt recordings.
Nyomelmélet és nyomtan a 21. században
Authors: Petrétei Dávid
Published: May 2022

Aim: The „theory of pattern evidence” is one of the comprehensive theories of forensic science, working with pattern evidence requires theoretical and practical knowledge, as a subfield of forensic technology. The relationship between the two categories is not sufficiently clarified in the literature. The concept of pattern evidence varies from source to source. The philosophical foundations of pattern formation have been missing from the Hungarian literature of recent decades. The classification system of traces and clues is beginning to be exceeded by the results of modern forensics. The study covers these issues.Methodology: The paper performs a synthesis by processing, analyzing, and comparing Hungarian and some American literature.Findings: The study shows the evolution of the concept of pattern evidence, creating a modern and comprehensive new concept. According to this, pattern evidence is a material alteration or effect, that reflects the shape and size properties of the body causing it, also some certain structural and functional features, and the process of trace formation, all of which allow the object to be identified and the conditions of pattern formation to be determined. The paper presents the philosophical foundations of trace formation on the dialectical reflection theory. The study clarifies the classical paradigm of pattern classification and also introduces new classification paradigms. The paper clarifies the different meanings of „preserve evidence”, the legal and physical dimension of preserving.Value: The above notion new concept of pattern evidence allows the modern expert fields, like bloodstain pattern analysis, fire examination, or crime reconstruction, to be incorporated into the system of theoretically sound forensic science.
A nemzetközi rendőri együttműködés kezdetei
Authors: Sallai János , Borszéki Judit
Published: May 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to present the initial process of international police cooperation, with particular reference to the events that took place in Europe and with Hungarian participation.Methodology: The paper approaches the subject indicated in the title from several aspects. It describes the events of international police cooperation between 1869 and 1938 by examining reports published in Hungarian police journals of the period, including the accounts of prominent contemporary representatives of police sciences, and compares them with the assessment of the period in 21st century written on the subject in English. Finally, it details the history of Finnish-Hungarian police cooperation in the period before the World War II., which is a good example of the efforts made by the then Hungarian police to establish bilateral co-operation with friendly countries.Findings: While contemporary accounts understandably focus on the events and their immediate causes, 21st century analyses have a historical perspective of the professional, historical and political factors that made international cooperation necessary and possible and of those that hindered its development.Value: All the sources agree on the conclusion – also undisputed today – that at a certain point of historical-technical development, the global emergence of cross-border crime and the changes in the modi operandi make it necessary to implement international cooperation among police forces (including the exchange of experience and intelligence and the establishment of the appropriate organisations).
Webshop a börtönben, avagy a zárt láncú csomagküldési rendszer tapasztalatai és hatása a biztonságra
Authors: Czenczer Orsolya , Hinkel Tamás
Published: May 2022

Aim: From 1th of July 2018, another innovation helped the everyday work of the Hungarian penitentiary service. This innovation made the life of detainees, their relatives and the prison staff work much more easier making one of the communication-types secure, convenient and modern: packadge reception. Together with the numerous advantages of the closed-chain packadge system, i.e. webshop, it has become one of the most successfull forms of communication between prisoners and relatives. The present study examines the legal and economic background, benefits, challenges, and experiences of the past three years, in the light of the primary and most important task of prison: through the enforcement of security.Methodology: The first part of the study presents in detail the purpose, elements and mode of operation of the legal institution, and then analyzes in detail the development of prohibited objects affected by the webshop in the mentioned period using statistical methods.Findings: The purpose of the webshop system placed in the focus of the study was not only by practical reason, but also to break the high proportion of the prohibited articles that had existed for years. The study examined the security implications of this reintegration tool, as well as the legislative expectations, and proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that the webshop had demonstrably reduced the number of banned items which accessed into the prison.Value: The security analysis of this legal institution in Hungarian law enforcement journal has not yet taken place. We wanted to fill this gap and plan to examine the economic/financial aspects of the topic in the future.
Kriminalisztikai pszichológia: hogyan segíthet a pszichológia a bűnüldözésben?
Authors: Erdélyi Ákos
Published: May 2022

Aim: In this article, I would like to show how psychology, especially its forensic field, can help investigative authorities effectively detect individual crimes. Although most law enforcement psychologists work as primary care professionals, basically conducting psychological aptitude tests of colleagues and creating mental well-being, it is important to see that the science of psychology can be applied to law enforcement in a much more complex way.Methodology: Both domestic and international studies make researches with this topic, although in some criminal psychology and forensic psychology are used to be synonyms. In the present study, I review the literature on the means by which forensic psychology can assist in effective detection.Findings: Although the methodology of profiling specific offenders is not new, the procedure was developed primarily for the detection of serial crimes, but it has a great relevance in the detection of individual crimes. Furthermore, in addition to crimes against life, it can be used well in the analytical assessment of sexual offenses, as well as in the design of interrogation strategies.Value: In the present study, two methodological elements of forensic psychology, profiling and interrogation strategy, are analyzed in the light of sexual offenses.
Neutral-charged-particle Collisions as the Mechanism for Accretion Disk Angular Momentum Transport
Authors: Zhang Yang , Bellan Paul M.
Published: May 2022

The matter in an accretion disk must lose angular momentum when moving radially inwards but how this works has long been a mystery. By calculating the trajectories of individual colliding neutrals, ions, and electrons in a weakly ionized 2D plasma containing gravitational and magnetic fields, we numerically simulate accretion disk dynamics at the particle level. As predicted by Lagrangian mechanics, the fundamental conserved global quantity is the total canonical angular momentum, not the ordinary angular momentum. When the Kepler angular velocity and the magnetic field have opposite polarity, collisions between neutrals and charged particles cause: (i) ions to move radially inwards, (ii) electrons to move radially outwards, (iii) neutrals to lose ordinary angular momentum, and (iv) charged particles to gain canonical angular momentum. Neutrals thus spiral inward due to their decrease of ordinary angular momentum while the accumulation of ions at small radius and accumulation of electrons at large radius produces a radially outward electric field. In 3D, this radial electric field would drive an out-of-plane poloidal current that produces the magnetic forces that drive bidirectional astrophysical jets. Because this neutral angular momentum loss depends only on neutrals colliding with charged particles, it should be ubiquitous. Quantitative scaling of the model using plausible disk density, temperature, and magnetic field strength gives an accretion rate of 3 × 10−8 solar mass per year, which is in good agreement with observed accretion rates.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Exploring the Local Scaling Relations for N/O
Authors: Schaefer Adam L. , Tremonti Christy , Kauffmann Guinevere , Andrews Brett H. , Bershady Matthew A. , Boardman Nicholas F. , Bundy Kevin , Drory Niv , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Preece Holly P. , Riffel Rogério , Riffel Rogemar A. , Sánchez Sebastián F.
Published: May 2022

We present, for the first time, the relationship between local stellar mass surface density, Σ*, and N/O derived from SDSS-IV MaNGA data, using a sample of 792,765 high signal-to-noise ratio star-forming spaxels. Using a combination of phenomenological modeling and partial correlation analysis, we find that Σ* alone is insufficient to predict the N/O in MaNGA spaxels and that there is an additional dependence on the local star formation rate surface density, ΣSFR. This effect is a factor of 3 stronger than the dependence of 12+log(O/H) on ΣSFR. Surprisingly, we find that the local N/O scaling relations also depend on the total galaxy stellar mass at fixed Σ* and the galaxy size at fixed stellar mass. We find that more compact galaxies are more nitrogen rich, even when Σ* and ΣSFR are controlled for. We show that ∼50% of the variance of N/O is explained by the total stellar mass and size. Thus, the evolution of nitrogen in galaxies is set by more than just local effects and does not simply track the buildup of oxygen in galaxies. The precise form of the N/O–O/H relation is therefore sensitive to the sample of galaxies from which it is derived. This result casts doubt on the universal applicability of nitrogen-based strong-line metallicity indicators derived in the local universe.
Constraining Black Hole Natal Kicks with Astrometric Microlensing
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Kalogera Vicky
Published: May 2022

Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that neutron stars receive large kicks when formed from the remnant of a collapsing star. However, the evidence for whether black holes (BHs) receive natal kicks is less clear, reliant on weak constraints from the analysis of BH X-ray binaries and massive runaway and walkaway stars. Here we show, for the first time, that recent microlensing detections offer a new method for measuring the kicks BHs receive at birth. When a BH is identified through both photometric and astrometric microlensing and when the lensed star has a known distance and proper motion, the mass, distance, and proper motion of the BH can be determined. We study the runaway velocities for components of eccentric binaries disrupted during a supernova (SN), finding the peculiar velocity correlates strongly with the kick a BH received at birth, typically within 20%, even when the natal kick is smaller than the orbital velocity. Therefore, by measuring the peculiar velocity of a BH or other compact object that formed from a binary which disrupted during core collapse, we are in effect measuring the natal kick that object received. We focus on MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462, an isolated, single BH detected by microlensing, and consider a range of possible formation scenarios, including its formation from the disruption of a binary during a SN event. We determine that MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 has a Milky Way orbit consistent with a thick-disk population, but if it was formed within the kinematic thin disk it received a natal kick ≲100 km s−1.
Mixing the Solar Wind Proton and Electron Scales. Theory and 2D-PIC Simulations of Firehose Instability
Authors: López R. A. , Micera A. , Lazar M. , Poedts S. , Lapenta G. , Zhukov A. N. , Boella E. , Shaaban S. M.
Published: May 2022

Firehose-like instabilities (FIs) are cited in multiple astrophysical applications. Of particular interest are the kinetic manifestations in weakly collisional or even collisionless plasmas, where these instabilities are expected to contribute to the evolution of macroscopic parameters. Relatively recent studies have initiated a realistic description of FIs, as induced by the interplay of both species, electrons and protons, dominant in the solar wind plasma. This work complements the current knowledge with new insights from linear theory and the first disclosures from 2D-PIC simulations, identifying the fastest growing modes near the instability thresholds and their long-run consequences on the anisotropic distributions. Thus, unlike previous setups, these conditions are favorable to those aperiodic branches that propagate obliquely to the uniform magnetic field, with (maximum) growth rates higher than periodic, quasi-parallel modes. Theoretical predictions are, in general, confirmed by the simulations. The aperiodic electron FI (a-EFI) remains unaffected by the proton anisotropy, and saturates rapidly at low-level fluctuations. Regarding the FI at proton scales, we see a stronger competition between the periodic and aperiodic branches. For the parameters chosen in our analysis, the aperiodic proton FI (a-PFI) is excited before than the periodic proton FI (p-PFI), with the latter reaching a significantly higher fluctuation power. However, both branches are significantly enhanced by the presence of anisotropic electrons. The interplay between EFIs and PFIs also produces a more pronounced proton isotropization.
Electron Acceleration by Moderate-Mach-number Low-β Shocks: Particle-in-Cell Simulations
Authors: Yu Chunkai , Yang Zhongwei , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Zheng Jian
Published: May 2022

Particle acceleration is ubiquitous at shock waves, occurring on scales ranging from supernova remnants in the universe to coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks and planetary bow shocks in the heliosphere. The most promising mechanism responsible for the almost universally observed power-law spectra is diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). However, how electrons are preaccelerated by different shocks to the energy required by the DSA theory is still unclear. In this paper, we perform two-dimensional particle-in-cell plasma simulations to investigate how the magnetic field orientations, with respect to simulation planes, affect electron preacceleration in moderate-Mach-number low-
β
shocks. Simulation results show that instabilities can be different as the simulation planes capture different trajectories of particles. For magnetic fields perpendicular to the simulation plane, electron cyclotron drift instability dominates in the foot. Electrons can be trapped by the electrostatic wave and undergo shock-surfing acceleration. For magnetic fields lying in the simulation plane, whistler waves produced by modified two-stream instability dominate in the foot and scatter the electrons. In both cases, electrons undergo multistage acceleration in the foot, shock surface, and immediate downstream, during which process shock-surfing acceleration takes place as part of the preacceleration mechanism in moderate-Mach-number quasi-perpendicular shocks.
Eruption of the Envelope of Massive Stars by Energy Injection with Finite Duration
Authors: Ko Takatoshi , Tsuna Daichi , Takei Yuki , Shigeyama Toshikazu
Published: May 2022

A significant fraction of supernovae show signatures of dense circumstellar material (CSM). While multiple scenarios for creating a dense CSM exist, mass eruption due to injection of energy at the base of the outer envelope is a likely possibility. We carry out radiation hydrodynamical simulations of eruptive mass loss from a typical red supergiant progenitor with an initial mass of 15 M
⊙, for the first time focusing on the timescale of the injection as well as energy. We find that not only sufficient injection energy but also sufficient rate of energy injection per unit time, L
min ∼ 8 × 1040 erg s−1 in this particular model, is required for eruption of unbound CSM. This result suggests that the energy injection rate needs to be greater than the binding energy of the envelope divided by the dynamical timescale for the eruption. The density profile of the resulting CSM, whose shape was analytically and numerically predicted in the limit of instantaneous energy injection, similarly holds for a finite injection timescale. We discuss our findings in the framework of proposed mass outburst scenarios, specifically wave-driven outbursts and common-envelope ejection.
Detection of Radio Thermal Emission from the Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth during the New Horizons Encounter
Authors: Bird M. K. , Linscott I. R. , Tyler G. L. , Umurhan O. M. , Beyer R. A. , Grundy W. M. , Lisse C. M. , Hinson D. P. , Pätzold M. , Stern S. A. , Weaver H. A. , Olkin C. B. , Young L. A. , Spencer J. R. , Singer K. N. , Moore J. M. , Gladstone G. R. , DeBoy C. C. , Vincent M. , Porter S. B. ,   The New Horizons Science Team
Published: May 2022

The New Horizons spacecraft encountered the Kuiper Belt object (KBO) Arrokoth (486958), originally designated as 2014 MU69 and formerly called “Ultima Thule,” on 2019 January 01. At 43.3 au from the Sun and 44.4 au from Earth, this was the most distant spacecraft reconnaissance of a solar system body to date. The Radio Science Experiment (REX) on New Horizons performed radiometry measurements of the KBO's thermal emission at λ = 4.2 cm in two observation slots, one before (dayside) and one after (nightside) the point of closest approach. Owing to the small size of the target, the intensity of the thermal emission was expected to be only marginally detectable. The KBO was not detected on approach because of unexpectedly large variations in the REX system temperature. A brightness temperature T

b
= 29 ± 5 K was derived for the nightside observation, considerably less than the predicted equilibrium temperature of ∼50 K derived for Arrokoth on the dayside. A model explaining this day−night contrast is used to constrain the global values of emissivity, thermal inertia, and electrical skin depth of the KBO. In particular, models with small values of thermal inertia and small values of electrical skin depth are excluded. Relatively high values of the effective radio emissivity (E
eff > 0.8) provide better agreement with the REX observation.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia in a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Steinert’s disease) – a case report
Authors: Karras Georgios , Nikouli Evangelia , Kiamiloglou Bulent
Published: May 2022

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 or Steinert’s disease is an autosomal dominant multisystem disease which is characterized by consistent contracture of muscle following stimulation (myotonia). Hypothermia, shivering, mechanical or electric stimulation during surgery can precipitate episodes of myotonia which may complicate the course of anaesthesia. The present case report focuses on successful strategies for providing general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient affected by this genetic disorder, at a hospital which does not have the facility for postoperative ventilation.
Relationship between cardiovascular health status and attitudes towards responsibility for health
Authors: Raevschi Elena , Grib Liviu , Penina Olga , Obreja Galina
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Current concerns of medical scientific research show an increasing interest in the field of individual and community level health promotion based on health responsibility approaches. Achieving and maintaining cardiovascular health of individuals has a significant impact on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease at population level.

Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the cardiovascular health from a forward-looking perspective on health responsibility in order to improve attitudes approaches.

Materials and methods: The study is a cross-sectional community survey with multistage sampling. A validated questionnaire was used and filled up by the participating physicians. Cardiovascular health was measured using the cardiovascular health metrics categories according the definition of the American Heart Association.

Results: A total of 2,612 respondents (mean age 56.83±13.8 years, range 18 to 92 years, 34.8% male) were included into the study. The scores of cardiovascular health and its subscales of participants free of cardiovascular disease were found to be significantly higher (p<0.001), with the exception of health behaviours subscale scores (p=0.922). However, health behaviour subscale scores for personal attitudes approaches towards responsibility for health were found to be significantly higher in comparison to social (p<0.001) and undecided approaches (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Our data suggest that a population free of cardiovascular disease is not likely to engage in health behaviours to prevent the onset of the disease, appearing willing to improve their behaviours after acquiring the disease. Further studies are needed to account for the efficacy interventions focusing on individual’s motivation to assume personal responsibility for behaviours affecting their health.
The generic features of frontpage news items
Authors: Kosichenko Elena
Published: May 2022

The article considers the role of frontpage news items in creating a political or a social event, and with reliance on the BBC Web news bulletin seeks to prove that frontpage news items are a special type of multimodal text with recognizable generic characteristics: a headline, a picture and an abstract. Structurally, the present paper consists of three sections, each of which is devoted to a certain aspect of the problem in question. Firstly, the author looks into the history of scientific investigations of genres. Considering both fundamental works and the latest achievements in this field, the author stresses the social role of genres and maintains the view that different types of texts appear as a response to social expectations. Secondly, the issue of multimodality is brought up, and frontpage news items are described as texts written in two semiotic modes. The combination of a written text and a picture serves the purpose of constructing a social or a political event informing and influencing the reader at the same time. Thirdly, analysis of seven BBC frontpage news items is done to prove that frontpage form of news presentation is a special genre that has both technological and social roots. This genre has recently evolved from a traditional way of introducing news and has a number of distinctive features, like a short and meaningful headline provided with an abstract different from the headline of the linked article, an image that often conveys a meaning different from that of the headline. The contradictory meanings serve to construct events and form opinions; suggestion is made that the more meanings there are, the more politicized the event is.
Vasculitis: What Have We Learned in the Last 50 Years?
Authors: Carette Simon
Published: May 2022

Realizing in the fall of 2021 that I had started medical school exactly 50 years ago, on September 7, 1971, I thought that it would be interesting for the 2022 Dunlop-Dottridge Lecture to briefly review what we knew about vasculitis prior to 1971 and then reflect on what we have learned since.
Effets de la visioconférence dans un dispositif clinique d’analyse des pratiques professionnelles
Authors: Boutrand Malika
Published: May 2022

Contrainte dans la période de pandémie en 2021 de poursuivre à distance l’accompagnement de professionnel.le.s dans l’analyse de leurs pratiques, je me suis interrogée sur les effets de l’utilisation de la visioconférence dans le dispositif clinique que je veux soutenir. Ce mode de travail peut-il être en cohérence avec ma pratique référée à l’approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique ? Ce nouveau dispositif peut-il répondre à l’impératif de mise en sens et de contenance dans les groupes que j’accompagne ? L’objectif de cet article est de partager ma réflexion en présentant, à partir de mon expérience, deux moments d’analyse de pratiques conduites à distance auprès d’Accompagnants d’Élèves en Situation de Handicap et de tenter de construire quelques éléments d’analyse et hypothèses pour penser le travail avec les spécificités de la visioconférence.
Pour une histoire de la langue berbère dans sa diversité et sa complexité
Authors: Ould-Braham Ouahmi , Souag Lameen
Published: May 2022

Le berbère est une langue vivante pratiquée dans le nord de l’Afrique ; elle a fait l’objet de travaux linguistiques remarquables. Cependant comparativement aux études portant sur la langue actuelle, les états anciens de la langue en ont beaucoup moins bénéficié, pas plus qu’on n’ait tenté une approche historique globale du berbère d’une manière approfondie. Dans le but de rétablir un équilibre et de pallier une lacune, nous avons proposé courant 2020 et 2021 d’organiser deux rencontres scientifiques réunissant des chercheurs dans plusieurs spécialités : linguistique historique, humanités classiques et médiévales, histoire, archéologie, anthropologie, génétique des populations. Ce qui a permis de faire un état des lieux des ressources disponibles, de fixer des priorités sur l’analyse des sources documentaires ainsi que la linguistique historique, tout en créant des conditions de débats fructueux entre chercheurs.
Mémoire de mots d’un parler berbère du Sud-Est marocain
Authors: Benamara Hassane
Published: May 2022

Il s’agit d’une sorte d’archéologie linguistique réalisée sur le parler berbère de Figuig au sud-est marocain dans ce qui est appelé l’Atlas Saharien. À travers un corpus de mots et d’expressions figées, cette étude (dé)montre comment ce parler, support d’une culture orale, raconte sa propre histoire et les contacts qu’il a eus avec d’autres langues ou parlers à travers les temps suffisamment lointains.
Les langues berbères méridionales et les relations Sud-Sud dans l’histoire
Authors: Taine-Cheikh Catherine
Published: May 2022

Les langues berbères méridionales comprennent deux groupes, celui très menacé du zénaga à l’ouest (auquel on associe dorénavant la tetserret parlée au Niger) et celui beaucoup plus étendu du touareg à l’est. Ma réflexion portera sur les relations linguistiques entre ces deux blocs linguistiques et sur les éléments d’histoire susceptibles d’éclairer leur émergence et leur évolution, notamment de la fin de la préhistoire à la chute de l’empire Songhay (1591).
Jehan Desanges (1929-2021)
Authors: Laporte Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2022

Avec Jehan Desanges (1929-2021), disparaît un grand nom de la recherche historique sur l’Afrique antique, notamment dans les domaines de la géographie historique, de la toponymie, un chercheur et un enseignant hors pair (en Alger, à Tunis, à Dakar, puis à Paris), qui a marqué de nombreux chercheurs par sa science, sa disponibilité et ses très nombreuses publications, notamment sur les tribus africaines, des éditions de textes (Pline, Strabon) concernant un champ immense Maurétanies , Numidie, Africa , Égypte lagide, Éthiopie, Djibouti.
Fit for 55: Is the Social Climate Fund Fit from an Energy Justice Perspective?
Authors: Bülbül Eda
Published: May 2022

En juillet 2021, la Commission européenne (CE) a proposé d’étendre le système d’échange de quotas d’émission aux secteurs du bâtiment et des transports, dans le cadre du package Fit for 55. Dans le cadre de ce dernier, la CE a également introduit le Fonds social pour le climat (FSC) afin d’atténuer l’impact des initiatives liées à Fit for 55 sur les consommateurs vulnérables. Cet article vise à déterminer si le Fonds social pour le climat peut répondre aux besoins associés à Fit for 55. Tout d’abord, nous utiliserons les trois principes du cadre de justice énergétique (Energy Justice Framework) pour analyser l’impact de Fit for 55. Ensuite, nous présenterons le FSC et les défis à relever pour répondre à l’impact identifié. Enfin, nous proposerons trois solutions visant à améliorer la mise en œuvre du Fonds social pour le climat impliquant : a) une meilleure compréhension de la « transition juste » ; b) une plus grande implication des gouvernements locaux dans la mise en œuvre du Fonds social pour le climat ; et c) un rôle accru de la société civile visant à cibler et à inclure les groupes les plus vulnérables.
Smart City: The Modern Tool That, in Nuce, Expresses All the Features of the European Green New Deal
Authors: Mocchegiani Sofia
Published: May 2022

Dans cet article, nous tâcherons d’analyser le « Green New Deal Européen », ses caractéristiques et son avènement soudain, et ce afin de mieux saisir pourquoi il fut opportun en 2019 pour la Commission de proposer une telle stratégie de croissance ambitieuse. Ensuite, nous évaluerons sa pertinence dans le contexte des crises sanitaires et économiques provoquées par la pandémie, pour aboutir à la conclusion que l’engagement dont a fait preuve le vice-président exécutif Frans Timmermans a confirmé l’hypothèse selon laquelle les défis actuels de la lutte contre le changement climatique et de la refonte de notre stratégie de croissance ont déterminé une nouvelle façon d’élaborer des politiques qui favorisent une reprise verte au lieu de revenir à des modèles « business as usual ». Notre point de mire sera alors l’urbanisme : il s’agit là de la stratégie à moyen terme de l’UE, dont le paquet politique se concentre particulièrement sur l’électricité, la rénovation des bâtiments, l’économie circulaire et les transports.
La politique des réfugiés de la III e République, la défaite et le zonage de la France
Authors: Großmann Johannes
Published: May 2022

Tandis que l’histoire de l’« Exode » de mai-juin 1940 est désormais plutôt bien étudiée, l’évacuation préventive touchant les trois départements frontaliers du Haut-Rhin, du Bas-Rhin et de la Moselle en septembre 1939 a reçu nettement moins d’attention. Sur la base d’un projet de recherche collectif franco-allemand, l’article met en évidence les interrelations entre la politique des réfugiés de la III e  République, l’invasion allemande et la réorganisation du territoire français après l’armistice. Il retrace ainsi les antécédents, le contexte situationnel et les conditions préalables à la création de la « zone interdite » ou « zone réservée » en s’intéressant tout particulièrement aux liens entre les déplacements de population et le zonage territorial de la France sous l’occupation.
Besançon sous l’Occupation : le poids de la zone réservée
Authors: Charles Anne-Laure
Published: May 2022

Si l’armistice de juin 1940 définit l’étendue de l’occupation du territoire national, d’autres espaces géographiques subissent des gestions, ou des projets de gestion, en violation des clauses de la convention franco-allemande. Ainsi, le territoire franc-comtois est en partie occupé par les Allemands et relève, en sus, de la zone interdite, ou réservée, empêchant le retour des réfugiés, et envisagée pour être rattachée au Reich. Inquiétude et législation confuse ponctuent le quotidien des populations locales.
Images de soi, reflets de l’occupant. Trois exemples d’écriture personnelle en zone réservée
Authors: Krapoth Stéphanie
Published: May 2022

Cette réflexion constitue le premier jalon d’une recherche comparée collective sur les égo-documents par temps de conflit et de contrainte politique. Trois témoins livrent leurs carnets personnels qui s’avèrent être de véritables collages, intégrant des coupures de presse. Trois jeunes diaristes, trois contextes de vie en zone réservée : une mère de famille (née en 1910) attendant le retour de son mari, une paysanne (née en 1923), un horloger en formation (né en 1927). Tous trois gèrent avant tout les urgences du quotidien. Nous pouvons constater en particulier la grande retenue de ces témoins, leur méticulosité dans le détail, ainsi que leur patriotisme. La précision de ces écrits sert-elle à leurs auteurs de repère rassurant face aux incertitudes inhérentes au contexte ?
La « grosse bêtise » de Heidegger. Monde universitaire et radicalité académique au XX e siècle
Authors: Bouilloud Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2022

Comment et pourquoi les académiques connaissent-ils pour certains, comme Heidegger, la tentation de la « radicalité », en faisant allégeance à des systèmes politiques totalitaires ou extrêmes ? C’est ce que nous explorons ici à travers le cas principal de Heidegger, mais aussi ceux qui se sont impliqués dans le stalinisme avant de s’en écarter. Plusieurs éléments permettent d’expliquer ces investissements : sentiment d’aller dans le sens de l’Histoire, besoin d’espérance, goût pour la violence, désir de voir ses idées mises en œuvre, souci de soi et prévalence dans la pensée théorique d’une préoccupation du collectif sur le sujet. Le regard rétrospectif sur ces expériences radicales peut être l’occasion d’un pas de côté, d’une mise à distance qui oblige à penser autrement l’engagement, où seule une « éthique de la vérité » semble permettre d’éviter les pièges de la radicalité.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Lal Jude , Jamart Véronique
Published: May 2022

Depuis 2005, le succès des nationalistes cinghalais – JVP et JHU – et leur compétition pour le pouvoir étatique ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la reprise des conflits et la polarisation des rapports entre Cinghalais et Tamouls. La convergence des deux partis a contribué à la consolidation d’un État unitaire fondé sur la suprématie bouddhiste cinghalaise et à la justification morale d’un déni de droits de la population tamoule.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: Babo Alfred
Published: May 2022

En Côte d’Ivoire, les conflits fonciers – comme celui de Tabou – apparaissent comme les prolongements de la gestion par l’État des clivages intercommunautaires autour de la terre. L’instrumentalisation de ce type de conflit, dans un environnement politique « exclusionniste » – fondé sur l’idéologie de « l’ivoirité » – et dans un contexte de crise économique et sociale, a plongé le pays dans la guerre en 2002.
Racisme : entre exclusion sociale et peur identitaire
Authors: González-Izás Matilde , Jamart Véronique
Published: May 2022

Le racisme contemporain et la violence au Guatemala sont des phénomènes complexes et persistants intimement liés au processus de modernisation capitaliste et de formation de l’État aux 19 e et 20 e siècles. L’expansion coloniale européenne, l’immigration allemande, l’essor des plantations caféières ont institutionnalisé les discriminations, légitimé le racisme et instrumentalisé en particulier l’opposition entre « Indiens » et «  Ladinos  ».
Response function analysis of carbon dioxide and climate using the Padé-Laplace technique
Authors: Enting Ian G
Published: May 2022

The Padé-Laplace technique consists of approximating impulse response relations by fitting the Laplace transforms of such relations as ratios of polynomials in the transform variable. This can be used to define "reduced models" that capture the dominant behaviour of more complex systems. This approach is illustrated by analysing various aspects of the carbon cycle and its connection to climate, providing a way to capture how the interactions depend on the timescales involved. The Padé-Laplace technique is used to relate descriptions of the carbon cycle in terms of impulse response functions versus descriptions in terms of feedbacks. It is also used to discuss the concept of CO$ _2 $-emission equivalence. A further example analyses the gain of the climate-carbon feedback loop. This is approximated with a simple parameterization that captures the results of more complex model results and shows that the gain on timescales of centuries is as much as 3 times the gain on decadal timescales. The scope for extensions to more general aspects of the carbon system, such as the distribution of radiocarbon, is noted along with other potential extensions of this approach.
Implementation of zk-SNARK HH Authentication on IoT Protocols
Authors: Kusyanti Ari , Santoso Nurudin , Ainunnazahah Puspita , Maulana Luthfi
Published: May 2022

CoAP and MQTT are messaging protocols in the application layer of the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. Both protocols, in general, have not been equipped with certain authentication schemes to cope with the network security gap. Without an authentication mechanism, the protocol is prone to mand-in-the middle attacks. Addressing this issue, the present study attempted to implement an authentication scheme using zk-SNARK Homomorphic Hiding (HH). This authentication mechanism does not require a token exchange and is safe from an eavesdropper. In this study, zk-SNARK HH was implemented to CoAP and MQTT protocols. The performance of both protocols was compared. The result of the study indicates that zk-SNARK was successfully implemented in CoAP and MQTT protocols. The result of the independent sample t-test presented a significant difference in COAP and MQTT memory usage where MQTT required larger memory. Regarding time execution, no significant difference was noticed. To conclude, CoAP may serve as an alternative when zk-SNARK is implemented in a device with limited memory as it requires lower memory and has an execution time that is not significantly different from MQTT.
Internet of Things and Blockchain-Based Framework for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease
Authors: Alam Tanweer , Mohamed Benaida
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 is a highly contagious infection which is already had a catastrophic effect on the most serious diseases, including death, around the world. Blockchain-based healthcare systems are being introduced to help simplify mobile and telehealth services, reducing patient stress and the cost of critical clinical services. shared the advantages of blockchain for building a cutting-edge authentication infrastructure and detecting COVID-19 suspicious cases. The authors presented a blockchain-based design for developing a real-time cellular health monitoring system for COVID-19 patients in this paper. This study identifies clinical problems and electronic diagnoses for people with COVID-19 infectious diseases and provides a framework for them. Any mobile application can be configured on digital devices such as smartphones. COVID-19 patients may benefit from such applications. Smartphone apps are designed to save time and money while increasing the efficiency of infectious patients. IoT and Blockchain strategies are presented in the four-layer structure.
Old Bad Attitudes
Authors: Pasnau Robert
Published: May 2022

The systematic study of male misogyny began with Christine de Pizan at the start of the fifteenth century. Although her work has generally been neglected within the history of philosophy, her ideas illuminate many questions of pressing current philosophical concern, including the nature of epistemic injustice, the prospects for an individualistic methodology in social theory, and the epistemology of disagreement.
Attracting Highly Skilled Migrants to Guangzhou, China: A Policy Commentary
Authors: Li Wei , Ma Ling , Tan Yining , Liu Meixin
Published: May 2022

The scope and the study of international migration have reached unprecedented levels. The UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) recognises that ‘migration is a multidimensional reality of major relevance for the sustainable development of countries of origin, transit and destination’, and calls for ‘integrat[ing] migration into development planning and sectoral policies at local, national, regional and global levels’. Such policies may include targeting individuals who are highly skilled/highly educated or lower skilled/less educated to fulfil different developmental goals. China, with its globalised economy, rapid economic growth, and wealth accumulation in recent decades embodies such a trend. With recruitment policies for top-tier Chinese returnees and foreign professionals, China has become an emerging destination for overseas talent. However, there is a lack of city-level/local-level analysis of the roles that local incentives and policies play when people choose a destination city. We aim to fill this gap by focusing on city-level talent recruitment and retention policies in Guangzhou, the capital of China’s Guangdong Province. In this policy commentary, we will 1) Compare and contrast the talent recruitment and retention policies instituted and implemented by the City of Guangzhou to attract Chinese returnees and foreign professionals in the last two decades; and 2) Assess the effectiveness and fairness of such policies, and their implications for other areas and countries in the global ‘race for talent’.
New Migration’s Gordian Knot: Mexico and the Caravans of the Northern Triangle of Central America
Authors: Núñez García Silvia , Dávila Pérez María del Consuelo
Published: May 2022

Migration processes in Mexico are varied and complex; the country sends migrants abroad and receives returnees in addition to migrants in transit and others wishing to settle there. In this sense, Mexico may be considered a global migration hub (a country of origin, reception, transit and destination). This chapter focuses on transit migration and the reception of migrants seeking asylum, with a particular focus on migrant caravans from the Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador) between 2018 and 2020. These caravans, characterised by thousands of people (Kahn, 2018) fleeing their countries of origin due to situations of violence and threats to their personal security—in addition to economic factors—have posed challenges for Mexico’s domestic and foreign policies, especially in terms of its relations with the United States. In this context, we explore the actions and policies introduced to deal with migrants and refugees transiting Mexico, and the impact these have had. Taking mid-2018—the end of Enrique Peña’s presidential term—as the point of departure for our analysis, we examine Mexico’s migration policies more generally, together with the response of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s administration to Donald Trump’s immigration policies and the pressure the Trump administration exerted on Mexico to contain the flow of irregular migrants.
Relationship Quality Matters
Authors: Hubbell Anne , Armfield Greg G.
Published: May 2022

The National Institute of Mental Health has reported that approximately 51.5 million people in the U.S. experience some form of mental illness and that anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses, with 31.1% of Americans experiencing some form of anxiety disorder in their lives. In this case study, one of the most common discriminatory behaviors toward all minority groups, microaggressions, is explored through the lens of leader-member exchange theory (LMX). LMX has been the foremost leadership theory used to understand the dynamics of mental illness in the workplace and how leaders interact and motivate those with disabilities or mental illness. The authors apply LMX to help leaders better understand their role in creating a more inclusive workplace.
Concealing Mental Illness in the Workplace
Authors: Meluch Andrea L.
Published: May 2022

Mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder, are increasing in the U.S. However, people diagnosed with mental illnesses often experience stigmatization and discrimination in their workplace. The chapter examines how people with mental illness make decisions around revealing and, importantly, concealing their mental illness in the workplace. The concepts stigma and communication privacy management theory are used to examine the challenges associated with living with mental illness in the workplace. A case study is used to illustrate these concepts and provide a pedagogical context in which the factors around concealing mental illness in the workplace are situated. Finally, an analysis of the case study is presented using the conceptual and theoretical frameworks applied in the present chapter.
“Stop Trying So Hard!”
Authors: Kahlow Jessica A.
Published: May 2022

In college, people who have learning differences or ADHD are provided an array of different resources (e.g., notetakers, tutoring, additional test time, counseling, etc.). People with these differences learn ways to manage them, but these strategies do not directly translate to the workplace. Resources are often not available in the workplace, leaving people with learning differences to manage on their own. The case study follows Suzie—a young professional diagnosed with ADHD at an early age—through a day in her new role as a communication coordinator. Suzie has accepted ADHD as a part of her identity, but she often questions the accuracy of her notes, has difficulty interpreting her notes, and finds it difficult to remember conversations. The case begins with Suzie in a meeting with her supervisor. After the meeting, she goes back to her desk to interpret her notes. In doing so, she attracts attention from her coworkers. The case provides opportunities to discuss concepts such as minority stress, stigma, self-disclosure, invisible disabilities, and workplace accommodations.