bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Facial Expression Recognition for Early Prediction of Human Health Deterioration
Authors:   , Al-Tekreeti Zeena Sabah Ismaeel
Published: February 2025

Facial expressions are a universally recognised means of conveying internal emotional states across diverse human cultural and ethnic groups. Recent advances in understanding people's emotions expressed through verbal and non-verbal communication are particularly noteworthy in the clinical context for the assessment of patients’ health and well-being. Facial expression recognition (FER) plays an important and vital role in healthcare, providing communication with a patient’s feelings and allowing the assessment and monitoring of mental and physical health conditions. However, the subtle and rapid nature of facial expressions poses a challenge to swift recognition and interpretation. Previous research collaboration between North Middlesex Hospital and the GMPR group has demonstrated for the first time that human recognised patterns of facial action units can be used to predict admission to intensive care. This thesis shows that automatic machine learning methods may predict health deterioration accurately and robustly, independent of human subjective assessment. Methods are developed to create a facial database mimicking the underlying muscular structure of the face, whose Action Unit motions can then be transferred to human face images, thus displaying animated expressions of interest. To detect and recognize expressions, five models are proposed and tested. The first model combined face detection method with a 1D Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN), using raw generated data coordinates as input. Results show 99.74% accuracy in predicting patient deterioration. The second model combines 1D-CNN with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with different data pre-processing methods with an overall accuracy of 99.89%. The third and fourth models, based on Random Forest and Support Vector Machine methods yield accuracies of 100% and 60% respectively. Finally, the Transformer model yields a low accuracy of 20%. The main contributions to knowledge from this thesis can be summarized as 1) the generation of visual datasets mimicking real-life samples of facial expressions indicating health deterioration; 2) to improve understanding and communication with patients at risk of deterioration through facial expression analysis, and 3) developing state-of-the-art models to recognize such facial expressions based on simulated facial expressions. Hence, the significance of the investigation and prediction model designs is to directly support clinical systems in detecting and assessing early signs of health deterioration directly from the analysis of patients’ facial expressions. As such, the outcomes of this PhD thesis may help to improve assessment of health deterioration by introducing real-time, health trend analysis and early warning systems to support timely interventions.
Un diseño de José Ribelles (1775-1835) para el telón del Teatro del Príncipe
Authors: Cerón Peña Mercedes
Published: February 2025

Este artículo relaciona dos obras pertenecientes a la colección del Museo Nacional del Romanticismo con el diseño realizado por José Ribelles para el telón del Teatro del Príncipe, presentado al público madrileño el día del cumpleaños de Fernando VII en 1814. Partiendo de una descripción contemporánea publicada en el Diario de Madrid, se estudia la iconografía de la obra de Ribelles en relación con los tres estudios preparatorios conocidos, con posibles fuentes visuales y textuales y con la obra representada en el teatro en esa ocasión. Se considera asimismo la ambigüedad en las elecciones iconográficas del artista y en su uso de la alegoría con respecto al momento histórico para el que fue creada la imagen, hoy perdida.
Spazi per la vita privata, per l’autorappresentazione e per le cerimonie nell’architettura aristocratica della Palermo del Seicento: il palazzo dei Branciforte di Raccuia
Authors: Montana Sabina
Published: February 2025

La storia delle residenze nobiliari di Palermo è spesso ancorata a scarne descrizioni coeve o a episodiche scoperte documentarie, mentre solo in alcuni casi l’esistenza di un completo archivio familiare permette di ricostruirne gli assetti, le stagioni e le mutazioni nel tempo.  Nonostante questi limiti, gli studi degli ultimi anni consentono una valutazione che, sebbene necessiti di costanti verifiche e aggiornamenti, si basa su una sufficiente casistica.
Redención y reconciliación. Imágenes veterotestamentarias al servicio del cristianismo en la València del siglo XV
Authors: Gregori Rubén
Published: February 2025

A partir del pogromo de 1391, las conversiones forzosas de judíos y su posterior integración en la comunidad cristiana, aparecieron una serie de imágenes que defendían tanto la validez de los bautismos como la asimilación de estos neófitos como cristianos de pleno derecho. El arte se transformó en un potente instrumento con el que hacer visible un mensaje de reconciliación en el que el Antiguo Testamento era presentado como parte indispensable de la historia precristiana. Así, estas imágenes, a modo de escaparates, tenían la capacidad de transmitir y difundir los argumentos en favor de la unidad religiosa.
Prevención y detección de la Violencia de Género en el ámbito universitario: una propuesta de investigación basada en el enfoque metodológico del análisis de redes sociales personales del alumnado.
Authors: Monllor Jiménez Marta , Jiménez-Delgado María , Ruiz-Callado Raúl
Published: February 2025

Dada la elevada prevalencia de la violencia de género en mujeres de edades jóvenes, así como en la población universitaria, el artículo propone la metodología de análisis de redes sociales personales para la detección de situaciones de vulnerabilidad relacional en el aula, que para el caso de las alumnas, podrían ofrecer un indicador para la detección de la vivencia de situaciones de violencia de género. El análisis de estas redes sociales personales se presenta como una metodología transformadora y activa de enseñanza, permitiendo al alumnado universitario del Grado de maestra/o en Educación Primaria, participar activamente en actividades de investigación como parte esencial de su experiencia educativa. Al revisar y visualizar sus propias redes, las y los estudiantes tienen la oportunidad de modificarlas, participando en proyectos de mejora de la convivencia en el aula. El enfoque no solo promueve la comprensión del impacto de las interacciones sociales en la vida del alumnado, sino que también fomenta la reflexión sobre las relaciones sociales, cuestionando normas y desigualdades que configuran sus redes personales. La identificación y modificación de estructuras de apoyo entre compañeras y compañeros resultan beneficiosas para desarrollar un modelo de aprendizaje universitario que fomente el apoyo emocional. Por otro lado, la detección de estas situaciones de vulnerabilidad relacional en alumnas activa medidas de la Unidad de Igualdad de la Universidad de Alicante, incluyendo iniciativas de sensibilización y acciones de prevención primaria y secundaria contra la violencia de género.
https://raco.cat/Orfeo, una performance que desarticula el lenguaje escrito desde la controversia entre humano y máquinaindex.php/Artnodes/article/view/428543
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos , Munárriz Ortiz Jaime
Published: February 2025

El trabajo expone un análisis de la performance multimedia Orfeo, interpretada para el proyecto de investigación Argos, en Münster, Alemania, durante el LPM (Live Performance Meeting). La interrelación entre sistemas tecnológicos y humanos para el desarrollo de performances multimedia es una de las características del proyecto de investigación desarrollado tras sucesivas performances multimedia. No obstante, los contenidos particulares de la performance Orfeo, referidos al lenguaje del habla y la escritura, son un medio para expresar cómo pueden relacionarse la tecnología y otras disciplinas, como la filosofía, en referencia a los razonamientos sobre el lenguaje escrito. El manuscrito expone que la performance interactúa con una red de medios tecnológicos desde un cierto carácter improvisado, donde el pensamiento humano expresado a partir del lenguaje hablado y escrito expone unos contenidos caracterizados por el vacío en la expresión cuando se prioriza la imagen visual sobre la palabra escrita. La performance adquiere un carácter complejo no solo por su complicación tecnológica sino por la dificultad de expresar la ausencia del motivo poético, que paradójicamente trata de quedar expuesto mediante el vacío de contenidos en la palabra pronunciada.
Análisis de proyectos de visualización de datos medioambientales bajo la perspectiva de los estudios de arte, ciencia y tecnología. Estudio de casos
Authors: Landa Kepa
Published: February 2025

El texto presenta cuatro proyectos artísticos de visualización y sonificación de datos medioambientales, que abordan problemáticas como la contaminación urbana o el cambio climático, realizados por el autor, en colaboraciones con científicos y tecnólogos. La aportación principal del texto es el análisis de cada proyecto desde la perspectiva de los estudios de arte, ciencia y tecnología, tomando en consideración teoría del actor-red y las «zonas de intercambio científico».
Efisiensi Biaya dalam Perawatan Stroke Non-Hemoragik: Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Islam Sunan Kudus
Authors:   Program Studi Magister Kesehatan Masyarakat, Konsentrasi Administrasi Rumah Sakit, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Mubarok Chusnul , Suryawati Chriswardani ,   Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro, Harto Puji ,   Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Diponegoro
Published: February 2025

Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, with over 12 million new cases each year. In Indonesia, the prevalence of stroke increased from 8.3% in 2007 to 12.1% in 2013, with the age group of 55-64 years recording the highest prevalence. This study aims to analyse the actual costs of non-hemorrhagic stroke care for patients under the National Health Insurance (JKN) at the Islamic Hospital of Sunan Kudus using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method. A descriptive quantitative method was applied, collecting data from hospitalised non-hemorrhagic stroke patients during 2023. The results showed a discrepancy between actual costs and INA-CBGs tariffs, with the average actual cost reaching Rp3.146.184, which is lower than the hospital tariff of Rp5.762.965 and the INA-CBGs tariff of class iii Rp4.036.200. CRR1 reaching 183.13% indicates that the hospital tariff includes unit costs with a significant surplus. Meanwhile, CRR2 at 128.30% shows that the INA-CBGs tariff also covers actual costs, but with a smaller margin. This discrepancy financially burdens the hospital, especially for class 3 patients. This study recommends evaluating the hospital's tariff structure and improving compliance with clinical pathways to enhance cost efficiency and service quality. Thus, applying the ABC method is expected to provide more accurate cost information and support more effective management of BPJS claims.
Strengthening the Marketing of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Services to Support the Transformation of Health Services in Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Gunardi Felicia , Oktamianti Puput ,   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the marketing strategy 7P carried out by cardiac surgery services in Indonesia and to identify actionable policy recommendations. This study is observational descriptive research. Data were collected from Cardiothoracic and Vascular surgeons and hospital websites with cardiac surgery services. Through the marketing analysis approach of 7P, this study identifies problems and policy recommendations that can be alternative solutions. The price of the service is high, but most of the patients used BPJS, and it is found that the hospital rate is higher than BPJS claims. The actionable recommendation to respond to it is that the hospital should provide the costing and financial analysis that generate the hospital rate to BPJS revise the BPJS's claims. It can only be done if hospitals from many regions produce similar rates or slight variations. Jabodetabek still dominates as the region (place) with the most cardiovascular surgery services in Indonesia, with 29 of 35 hospitals. Actionable recommendations to respond to this issue include ensuring data on demand for cardiac surgery services from various regions and encouraging the government through specialist expert associations and legislation to provide cardiovascular surgery services in various regions - outside Jabodetabek. Regarding the specialist (people), the government must provide scholarships for doctors to take BTKV specialists, especially those who can perform pediatric ones.
Implementation Analysis of the Pariaman City Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2015 concerning the Drinking Water Depot Business Permit
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, Roza Melia
Published: February 2025

To regulate the existence of Drinking Water Depots (DAM) in the city of Pariaman, the Pariaman City government issued Regional Regulation (Perda) Kota Pariaman No. 9 of 2015 concerning Business Permits for Drinking Water Depots. However, many depot owners do not implement these regulations. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of Pariaman City Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2015 concerning Drinking Water Depot Business Permits. This research is a type of qualitative research. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with informants involved in the implementation of Pariaman City Regional Regulation No. 9 of 2015 and focus group discussions (FGD) on drinking water depot owners. Selection of informants based on the principles of suitability and adequacy. The variables based on the framework of Edward III include communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results of the research show that the implementation of the policy has not been implemented because the communication has not been optimal. The available resources and facilities are quite adequate, for sub-budget variables it has not gone well. Coordination has not been carried out properly, the sanctions set forth in the Regional Regulations have also not been realized optimally. Disposition related to the government's commitment to implementing policies has not been implemented. It is necessary to monitor the implementation of regional regulations and make derivative regulations related to supervision of drinking water depots, so that depots can carry out routine inspections according to what is stated in the regional regulations and make it easier for the Health Service to carry out supervision
Black Elegies
Authors: Brown Kimberly Juanita
Published: February 2025

A poignant, unflinching study of black grief as a form of elegy found in visual art, music, literature—everywhere, if you know how to see it.

In Black Elegies, Kimberly Juanita Brown examines the form of the elegy and its unique capacity to convey the elongated grief borne of sustained racial violence. Structured around the sensorial, the book moves through sight, sound, and touch to reveal what Okwui Enwezor calls the “national emergency of black grief.” With her characteristic literary skill, Brown analyzes the work of major figures including Toni Morrison, Carrie Mae Weems, Audre Lorde, and Marvin Gaye, among others.

Brown contemplates recognizable sites of mourning: forced migration and enslavement, bodily violations, imprisonment and death. And she examines sites that do not register immediately as archives of grief: the landscape of southern U.S. slave plantations, a spontaneous street party, a quilt constructed out of the clothing worn by a loved one, a dance performance to hold the memory of history, and an aeolian harp installed at an institute of European art, among others. In this, the book offers a framework of mourning while black, within the parameters of contemporary artistic production. Brown asks: How do you mourn those you are not supposed to see? And where does the grief go? She shows us that grief is everywhere: “It spills out of photographs and modulates music. It hovers in the tenor and tone of cinematic performances. It resides in the body like an inspired concept, waiting for its articulation.”

Black Elegies is the second volume in the On Seeing series, following Kimberly Juanita Brown's Mortevivum: Photography and the Politics of the Visual.
Titans of Industrial Agriculture
Authors: Clapp Jennifer
Published: February 2025

How a small handful of giant transnational corporations has come to dominate the farm inputs sector, why it matters, and what can be done about it.

Every year, hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of farm machinery, fertilizer, seeds, and pesticides are sold to farmers around the world. Although agricultural inputs are a huge sector of the global economy, the lion's share of that market is controlled by a relatively small number of very large transnational corporations. The high degree of concentration among these agribusiness titans is striking, considering that just a few hundred years ago agricultural inputs were not even marketed goods. In Titans of Industrial Agriculture, Jennifer Clapp explains how we got from there to here, outlining the forces that enabled this extreme concentration of power and the entrenchment of industrial agriculture.

Clapp reveals that the firms that rose to the top of these sectors benefited from distinct market, technology, and policy advantages dating back a century or more that enabled them to expand their businesses through mergers and acquisitions that made them even bigger and more powerful. These dynamics matter because the firms at the top have long shaped industrial farming practices that, in turn, have generated enormous social, ecological, and health impacts on the planet and the future of food systems. Beyond analyzing how these problems have arisen and manifested, the book examines recent efforts to address corporate power and dominance in food systems and assesses the prospects for change.

Among the first works to examine deep roots of corporate power in agriculture, Titans of Industrial Agriculture helps illuminate just how corporate actors have encouraged the “lock-in” of industrial agriculture, despite all its known social and ecological costs.
DGKα and ζ Deficiency Causes Regulatory T-Cell Dysregulation, Destabilization, and Conversion to Pathogenic T-Follicular Helper Cells to Trigger IgG1-Predominant Autoimmunity
Authors: Li Lei , Huang Hongxiang , Wang Hongxia , Pan Yun , Tao Huishan , Zhang Shimeng , Karmaus Peer WF , Fessler Michael B , Sleasman John W , Zhong Xiao-Ping
Published: February 2025

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) actively engage in immune suppression to prevent autoimmune diseases but also inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Although Tregs express a TCR repertoire with relatively high affinities to self, they are normally quite stable and their inflammatory programs are intrinsically suppressed. We report here that diacylglycerol (DAG) kinases (DGK) ( and ( are crucial for homeostasis, suppression of proinflammatory programs, and stability of Tregs and for enforcing their dependence on CD28 costimulatory signal. Treg-specific deficiency of both DGK( and ( derails signaling, metabolic, and transcriptional programs in Tregs to cause dysregulated phenotypic and functional properties and to unleash conversion to pathogenic exTregs, especially exTreg-T follicular helper (Tfh) 2 cells, leading to uncontrolled effector T cell differentiation, deregulated germinal center (GC) B-cell responses and IgG1/IgE predominant antibodies/autoantibodies, and multiorgan autoimmune diseases. Our data not only illustrate the crucial roles of DGKs in Tregs to maintain self-tolerance but also unveil a Treg-to-self-reactive-pathogenic-exTreg-Tfh-cell program that is suppressed by DGKs and that could exert broad pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases if unchecked.
Evolutionary rescue of spherical mreB deletion mutants of the rod-shape bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25
Authors: Yulo P Richard J , Desprat Nicolas , Gerth Monica L , Ritzl- Rinkenberger Barbara , Farr Andrew D , Liu Yunhao , Zhang Xue-Xian , Miller Michael , Cava Felipe , Rainey Paul B , Hendrickson Heather L
Published: February 2025

Maintenance of rod-shape in bacterial cells depends on the actin-like protein MreB. Deletion of
mreB
from
Pseudomonas fluorescens
SBW25 results in viable spherical cells of variable volume and reduced fitness. Using a combination of time-resolved microscopy and biochemical assay of peptidoglycan synthesis, we show that reduced fitness is a consequence of perturbed cell size homeostasis that arises primarily from differential growth of daughter cells. A 1,000-generation selection experiment resulted in rapid restoration of fitness with derived cells retaining spherical shape. Mutations in the peptidoglycan synthesis protein Pbp1A were identified as the main route for evolutionary rescue with genetic reconstructions demonstrating causality. Compensatory
pbp1A
mutations that targeted transpeptidase activity enhanced homogeneity of cell wall synthesis on lateral surfaces and restored cell size homeostasis. Mechanistic explanations require enhanced understanding of why deletion of
mreB
causes heterogeneity in cell wall synthesis. We conclude by presenting two testable hypotheses, one of which posits that heterogeneity stems from non-functional cell wall synthesis machinery, while the second posits that the machinery is functional, albeit stalled. Overall, our data provide support for the second hypothesis and draw attention to the importance of balance between transpeptidase and glycosyltransferase functions of peptidoglycan building enzymes for cell shape determination.
Comparison of Oxytocin versus Carbetocin in Reducing Intraoperative Bleeding during Caesarean Section: A Research Protocol for Randomised Controlled Trial planned in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
Authors: Dhanure Vinit Sunil , Bhalerao Nikhil
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Caesarean Section (CS) is a common obstetric procedure associated with the risk of intraoperative bleeding, necessitating the use of uterotonic agents such as oxytocin and carbetocin to reduce blood loss.

Need of the Study: Given the clinical significance of intraoperative bleeding during CS and the potential implications for maternal outcomes, there is a need for well-designed comparative studies. Therefore, the present study was planned to address this gap in the literature by comparing the efficacy of oxytocin and carbetocin in reducing intraoperative bleeding during CS.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of oxytocin versus carbetocin in reducing intraoperative bleeding during caesarean sections.

Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomised, doubleblind controlled trial will be conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India from October 2024 to March 2026. One hundred female patients aged 18-35 years with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II, scheduled for CS under spinal anaesthesia, will be included in the study and divided into the oxytocin and carbetocin groups during CS. The amount of blood loss exceeding 1000 mL during CS, haemodynamic changes, the requirement for vasopressors and antifibrinolytics and the duration of surgery will be assessed between the two groups. Statistical analysis will be conducted using experimental and inferential statistics, including the Chisquare test, Student’s paired and unpaired t-tests and Tukey test, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihypertensive Therapy versus Antidiabetic, Antihypertensive and Statins Therapy in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension: A Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Besekar Smruti , Jogdand Sangita , Patel Satyawan Singh , Shinde Raju , Kumar Sunil
Published: February 2025

Introduction: India is grappling with a growing occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its related conditions, including hypertension and dyslipidaemia, with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) being the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Statins, primarily used for hypercholesterolaemia and CVD prevention, have demonstrated potential in lowering Blood Pressure (BP) through mechanisms that are independent of cholesterol reduction.

Need of the study: Most evidence regarding the effect of statins on BP comes from controlled trial settings, which may not fully reflect real-world scenarios. Additionally, many clinical studies do not compare different therapeutic approaches to evaluate their impact on patients with T2DM and hypertension. This study aims to address this gap by assessing and comparing the effects of different therapies in a more realistic clinical context.

Aim: To assess the real-world effectiveness of adding a statin to an antihypertensive drug compared to an antihypertensive drug alone in patients with T2DM and hypertension.

Materials and Methods: This pragmatic clinical trial will be conducted across three centres from August 2024 to August 2025 in Maharashtra: one tertiary care hospital and two multispecialty private hospitals, namely Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur; Hrudaya Cardiac and Vascular Care Centre, Nagpur; and Shri Sai Multispeciality Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. The study will enroll a minimum of 300 patients who are newly diagnosed with T2DM and hypertension. Patients will be divided into two groups based on the prescriptions given by physicians: Group 1: Antidiabetic drug + Antihypertensive drug + Statins; Group 2: Antidiabetic drug + Antihypertensive drug. Their effects will be assessed on BP, blood sugar and lipid level parameters. Statistical analyses will include linear regression, multiple regression and quantile regression to evaluate the significance of statin therapy on BP control. A p-value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Serving Nation through Farming: A Scope of Jai Jawan Kisan
Authors: Sharma N R , Ujjwala Bammidi , Prasad Poiba Ravi
Published: February 2025

The armed forces of India are among the largest in the world, with more than a million personnel employed in its various arms and cadres and majority retire as an Ex Service Man (ESM) in the late 30s or early 40s and when released from service, they still have major responsibilities towards family. Jai Jawan Kisan (JJK) is an opportunity for those ESM who wants to take a new employment opportunities in farming as agripreneur, by starting their own startup in agri and allied sector. In this context, to understand how the opinion of respondents joining JJK program, impacts  intention to take agriculture as occupation post retirement and Aspiration towards farming was studied. Descriptive research design was used for the study and data was collected at MANAGE, Hyderabad from 70 respondents by using simple random sample with questionnaire and SPSS software was used to analyse correlation among three variables i.e Intentional, Aspiration and Opinion. The result concluded that the intention to engage in farming was found to be significant with opinion of JJK training at 0.01 level. Whereas, Aspiration was non-significant because little they have awareness regarding the opportunities available in farming as career option. More efforts need to be taken to give a global recognition and include more training programmes and course where these retiring young Jawans can get more exposure to secondary career options available in farming besides just being a farmer and earn subsequently like other profession. The present study paves path for further study to develop secondary career options in agriculture for the young defence personnel post retirement.
Determining the Relationship between Financial Reporting and Financial Accountability in Bushenyi District Local Government, Uganda
Authors: Juma Matovu , David Nyambane , Michael Manyange
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the implementation of Integrated Financial Management Information Systems in terms of financial reporting has become critical for promoting transparency, enhancing financial oversight, and improving resource management in government sectors worldwide. Recognizing its potential, this study investigated the impact of financial reporting on financial accountability in Bushenyi District Local Government, Uganda. Employing a quantitative approach, a sample of 124 respondents from a population of 185 completed self-administered questionnaires, and statistical analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between financial reporting and financial accountability (r= 0.557, p = .000). The study concludes that financial reporting positively influences financial accountability, enabling the government to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of financial reporting and compliance with financial policies, facilitating informed decision-making, and highlighting the role of financial reporting in preventing and detecting fraudulent practices in government sectors. The study recommends simplifying financial planning, streamlining financial reporting systems, strengthening internal control mechanisms, and providing targeted training programs for staff to ensure effective management of public funds, thereby enhancing financial accountability and improving the management of public resources in Bushenyi District Local Government.
AI Privacy Framework for U.S. Consumer Technology: Addressing Legal and Regulatory Hurdles
Authors: Chintoh Grace Annie , Segun-Falade Osinachi Deborah , Odionu Chinekwu Somtochukwu , Ekeh Amazing Hope
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the U.S. consumer tech industry has introduced significant privacy challenges that demand careful consideration and regulatory oversight. This paper proposes a conceptual privacy framework tailored to AI applications, aiming to address the unique legal and regulatory challenges posed by laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The framework focuses on core principles such as transparency, accountability, and ethical governance, while integrating AI-driven solutions for compliance, including automated audits, secure data handling protocols, and user consent mechanisms. The proposed model strives to harmonize legal requirements with the innovation potential of AI technologies, ensuring that privacy is safeguarded without stifling technological progress. By providing a clear approach to AI compliance, the framework aims to enhance consumer trust, mitigate privacy risks for industry players, and offer regulators a more effective means of enforcement. Recommendations for future regulatory alignment, collaborative stakeholder engagement, and advancements in AI technology are also outlined to ensure the long-term success of the framework in this rapidly evolving landscape.
Nigeria’s Energy Transition: Challenges, Policy Initiatives, and Prospects for Sustainability
Authors: Tijjani Ahmad , David Ikenweji Chukwemeka , Abike Shogeyinbo Mariam
Published: February 2025

This paper critically assesses Nigeria's energy transition from a fossil fuel-dependent energy system to a renewable energy sources. The topic is significant in the field of energy security as it offers valuable insights to government officials, civil society organizations, academics, and other relevant stakeholders in the area of energy studies. The primary aim is to identify challenges, policy initiatives, and future opportunities with regard to Nigeria's energy transition. The research utilizes the qualitative research approach, through the usage of analysis in the presentation and interpretation of data. The research concludes that Nigeria possesses an abundance of renewable energy sources in her domain which could be used to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield Associated Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Puri Pooja , Ramgiry S R , Tripathi M K , Solanki R S , Tare Shivangi
Published: February 2025

The present study was carried out during the two successive seasons 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Crop Research Farm, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Sehore (MP), India. The present study evaluated genetic variability, heritability, correlation, and path analysis among diverse wheat genotypes for key agronomic traits. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed among genotypes for all studied traits, indicating substantial genetic variability that can be utilized for selection and hybridization. Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for all traits, highlighting environmental influence. High heritability estimates were recorded for most traits, suggesting strong genetic control, whereas genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was high for traits like the number of effective tillers per plant and 1000-seed weight. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations of seed yield per plant with biological yield, 1000-seed weight, and the number of grains per spike at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, emphasizing their importance in yield improvement. Path analysis identified biological yield, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index as key contributors to seed yield, suggesting their prioritization in breeding programs. These findings provide valuable insights for wheat breeders aiming to enhance genetic gains and develop high-yielding wheat varieties.
Recent Trends in the Practice of Transhumance in the Korola Sub-Watershed in the Sudanian Zone of Mali
Authors: Diallo Fousseni , Maïga Boubacar Madio dit Aladiogo , Diawara Mamadou Oumar , Ba Alassane , Cissé Sadou Nouhoum , Coulibaly Nouhoum , Koné Abdoul Kader
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Faced with strong agricultural pressure and severe environmental constraints, some livestock farmers are turning to agro-pastoralism, sedentary or semi-transhumant livestock farming. Because of climatic hazards, the sub-humid zone has seen a rush of livestock, and agriculture has developed considerably, with mobility still the most appropriate system for feeding herds.
Aims of the Study: The study describes farming practices in the Korola sub-watershed in the Sudanian zone of Mali.
Research Methodology: Surveys and censuses of indigenous and transhumant herds were conducted in the Korola sub-watershed. Data were collected through surveys of sedentary agro-pastoralists and transhumants. Information relating to the structure of the cattle herd, breeding practices including herd mobility and to characterize the pastoral resources of the study area was collected. 
Statement of the Research Problem: The study reveals the high number of cattle due to their contribution to the socio-economic development of agro-pastoralists through the integration of agriculture and livestock (animal traction, production of organic manure) and hoarding to secure people's incomes. The number of transhumant groups identified was highest in Dembela (196), followed by Blendio (166) and Nièna (37) with an average of 133. The herd's concentration was higher in the Dembela area (115696) than in the other municipalities, at 94136 in Blendio and 16173 in Nièna. The estimated numbers were highest in July (132298 cattle), followed by August and March with 29177 and 25690 cattle, respectively. The main area of origin was the RCI, with 188 groups, followed by Ségou (43), Kignan (22), and Beleko (17). The Republic of Ivory Coast (108), Ségou (72), Beleko (44), and Konina with 28 groups.
Recommendation/Conclusion: According to agro-breeders, this situation has had negative impacts on pastoral resources, the reduction of pastoral space, the disappearance of some forage species (woody and herbaceous), the early drying up of some rivers, and the degradation of plant cover thus exacerbating conflicts between Indigenous and non-indigenous people. The study recommends the introduction of woody forage species such as Pterocarpus erinaceus, Khaya senegalensis, Afzelia africana, and Ficus gnaphalocarpa, which could help improve forage availability and soil fertility.
Detection of Carbapenem-resistant Genes Associated to Hospital-acquired Gram-negative Bacterial Pathogens from A Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Eze Ifeoma Faith , Adeoye-Isijola Morenike Olutumbi , Adefisoye Martins Ajibade , Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso Olusola
Published: February 2025

Aims: To determine carbapenem-resistant genes associated to hospital-acquired Gram-negative bacteria pathogens from a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja, Lagos and Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Lagos, between February 2023 and April 2024.
Methodology: We collected 162 Gram-negative bacteria isolates from urine and wound cultures of patients suspected of having hospital-acquired infections. Phenotypic identification of the isolates was by standard microbiological procedures. Carbapenem resistance was determined by Kirby-Baurer disc diffusion method using Meropenem and Imipenem. Confirmation of the strains of carbapenem-resistant bacteria isolates was by gene sequencing.  The carbapenem-resistant genes of the bacterial strains were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using carbapenemase primers.
Results: Out of 162 bacterial isolates, 13(8%) bacterial isolates were resistant to Meropenem and Imipenem. New Dehli Metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM) was detected in 6(46%) of the carbapenem-resistant isolates while Verona integron-encoded Metallo-β-lactamase (blaVIM) was detected in 2(15%). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 54% (7/13) of the carbapenem-resistant isolates. A strain of Enterobacter hormaechei harboured blaVIM and blaNDM genes.
Conclusion: The presence of these carbapenem-resistant genes in these pathogens is a public health threat. This study has provided knowledge of carbapenem-resistant genotypes of hospital-acquired bacterial pathogens in the study population. There should be renewed clinical monitoring of these pathogens and further studies on other mechanisms of carbapenem resistance.
Characterization and Management Strategies for Municipal Solid Waste in Enugu Metropolis: Insights for Sustainable Waste Solutions
Authors: S. C Anijiofor-Ike, , G. C. Aniagolu,
Published: February 2025

This study characterizes solid waste in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria, to inform sustainable waste management strategies in the region. Traditional and simpler material-based classification approach was employed in this investigation. Individual household samples were collected in black rubbish bags labeled with a unique identifier. Air oven method was used for waste moisture content determination. A total of 300 waste samples were collected using identified waste collection bags from middle-income, high-income and low-income households and analyzed for physical and chemical composition. According to the study, biodegradable matter accounted for 29.86, 35.52 and 55.09% waste generated by low, medium and high income areas respectively with an average of 40.16%. On the other hand, non-biodegradable matter accounted for 70.41, 64.48 and 44.91% for low, medium and high income areas respectively with an average of 59.93 %. The study area's per capita waste generation rate was 0.53 kg/capita/day while moisture content was averagely 29.41%. Using the results of this characterization study as a guide, the results clearly indicate the necessity to create formal composting (for 40.2% of the waste) and recycling (for 59.93% of the waste) facilities within the Enugu Urban region. However, the current waste management practices are inadequate, due to several factors ranging from poor funding, unskilled personnel, inadequate collection vehicles, poor collection routes and so on which leads to environmental and health hazards. The study recommends implementing a decentralized waste management system, promoting recycling and composting, and developing a waste-to-energy strategy to address the waste management challenges in Enugu Metropolis.
Variations in Agriculture Credit Allocation: Evidence from Mann Whitney U Test
Authors: Velamuri Anusha , Patel S. R , Parikh Neha
Published: February 2025

Background: Farmers need credit to meet the production costs and invest in agriculture activities, and with rising input costs, the situation becomes increasingly challenging, necessitating more accessible and adequate financial support. However, the untested notions of farmers' misutilization of agriculture credit restrict the banks and government from increasing the credit limit for farmers.
Objective: This study was formulated to understand credit allocation purposes and their extent and to test any difference in allocation for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes.
Methods: An ex-post facto study was conducted in the two districts of Gujarat state of India, where more acreage was under rice cultivation. With a purposive selection of talukas and villages, a sample size of 230 was finalized and contacted randomly using an interview schedule. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to know any significant difference between the allocation scores for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes.
Results and Conclusions: Descriptive statistics as frequency and percentages showed credit allocation for short-term agricultural activities such as procuring seeds (69.20%) and fertilizers (66.50%). Conversely, a notably lower credit allocation towards long-term investments like purchasing livestock and machinery (74.73%, 54.30% opted never) indicates a preference for immediate over long-term agricultural needs. The Mann-Whitney U test results reveal a significant difference (Z = 14.711, p < .001) between the allocation scores for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes, with a higher mean rank for agricultural activities. Though there was a reduction in the diversion of agricultural credit to non-agricultural purposes, the potential for optimal credit utilization has not been fully realized.
Significance: The study suggests increasing loan amounts, simplifying application procedures, strengthening extension services, expanding Direct Benefit Transfer schemes, conducting financial literacy programs, and implementing robust monitoring and awareness campaigns to enhance efficient and ethical loan use, thereby fostering sustainable agricultural development.
US Veterans’ Experiences With VA and Non-VA Health Care
Authors: Liu Terrence , Garlick Brittani , Metzger Nora , Paulos Erica , West Brady T. , Vanneman Megan E. , Caverly Tanner J. , Kerr Eve A. , Forman Jane H. , Fagerlin Angela , Kullgren Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2024

This survey study reports veterans’ perception of the timeliness, patient-centeredness, affordability, and quality of the care, services, and facilities they receive across the US.
Patterns of Social Connection Among Older Adults in England
Authors: Bu Feifei , Fancourt Daisy
Published: December 2024

Importance

Issues related to social connection are increasingly recognized as a global public health priority. However, there is a lack of a holistic understanding of social connection and its health impacts given that most empirical research focuses on a single or few individual concepts of social connection.

Objective

To explore patterns of social connection and their associations with health and well-being outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study included participants aged 50 years and older from the fourth wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2008-2009). Machine learning cluster analysis and regression analysis were used. The analyses were performed from January to July 2024.

Exposure

Social connection clusters informed by the cluster analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

This study considered outcomes related to mental health (depression), hedonic (life satisfaction, pleasure) and eudaimonic (self-realization) well-being, general health (self-reported health), and health behavior (moderate or vigorous physical activity). Key confounders, identified using directed acyclic graphs, including age, sex, ethnicity, education, social class, and wealth, were controlled for.

Results

Among 7706 participants aged 50 years and older (mean [SD] age, 64.7 [9.6] years; 4248 [55.1%] female; 7536 [97.8%] White), 5 clusters were identified, including disconnected (974 [12.6%]), gapped structure/poor function (1109 [14.4%]), gapped structure/high function (1582 [20.5%]), poor function/mixed quality (1501 [19.5%]), and highly connected (2540 [33.0%]). All clusters had poorer outcomes compared with the highly connected cluster (eg, depression among individuals in disconnected vs highly connected clusters: odds ratio [OR], 2.73; 95% CI, 2.24 to 3.33), many of which persisted after controlling for baseline outcome (eg, depression among individuals in disconnected vs highly connected clusters: OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.57 to 2.43). The difference was smallest between the highly connected and gapped structure/high function clusters across most outcomes (eg, depression among individuals in gapped structure/high function vs highly connected: OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.64; after controlling for baseline outcome: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.59).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study highlights the importance of considering multidimensional measures of social connection and understanding the nuance of its heterogenous patterns. Understanding the typologies of social connection has substantial implications for exploring modifiable risk factors for social disconnection and for understanding the mechanisms linking social connection to health-related outcomes.