bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination of multiple active sites in N, O co‐doped defective carbon materials for high performance aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Dong Yue , Dong Xiao , Zhu Dezhao , Yang Yanxiang , Luo Chen , Li Yang , Li Jinshan
Published: February 2023

Supercapacitors have been used in a broad range of fields including electronics, transportation, and energies. Electrode materials with high capacitance and good rate performance are crucial for the future development and application of supercapacitors. Herein, we prepared N, O co‐doped defective carbon blocks (NO‐DCBs) with abundant active sites through carbonization and ball‐milling of polyimide. The as‐obtained NO‐DCBs exhibit high atomic content of N and O inherited from polyamic acid (PAA) precursor, as well as large amounts of intrinsic defects introduced by ball‐milling. Benefiting from the synergy of pseudocapacitance and electrical double‐layer capacitance provided by heteroatoms and intrinsic defects respectively, the NO‐DCBs assembled symmetric aqueous capacitor shows high capacitance of 329 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, good rate performance of 48% capacitance retention at 50 A g−1, and superb cycling stability. This work promotes the deep understanding of the synergy effect of functional groups and intrinsic defects for capacitive energy storage, and broadens the avenue for structural design of active sites in carbon materials.
Association of Pain Disorder and Psychiatric Disease With Surgical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Block‐Wheeler Nikolas R. , Darbinian Jeanne , Ansari Ghedak , Durr Megan
Published: February 2023

Objective

Patients undergoing surgical management for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are likely medically distinct from their counterparts not treated surgically. This study examined the associations between psychiatric and pain comorbidities and the likelihood of undergoing sleep surgery.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study of adults with OSA.

Setting

Large integrated health care system.

Methods

The primary outcome was nonnasal, nonbariatric sleep surgery. The associations of baseline demographic and comorbid conditions with surgery to treat underlying OSA were examined using bivariable and multivariable analyses.

Results

Among 172,854 adults with OSA, 2456 received sleep surgery. Comorbid pain disorder and/or pain medication treatment was associated with 41% higher odds of surgery (95% confidence interval: 1.29‐1.54). In bivariable analyses, those with a history of headache (p = .004), particularly migraine (p = .003), disorders of adult personality or behavior (p = .025), or behavioral/emotional disorder (p < .001) were more likely to undergo surgery. Younger adults were also more likely to undergo surgery (mean age at diagnosis 39.8 ± 12.6 vs 54.7 ± 14 years), as were men, Asian/Pacific Islander or Hispanic adults, those with lower body mass index (32 ± 7 vs 34.3 ± 8.1 kg/m2), or those with Charlson Comorbidity Index of zero (p < .001).

Conclusion

Our study suggests a history of pain disorder (including receipt of pain medication), migraine, or certain behavioral and personality disorders are associated with an increased likelihood of undergoing sleep surgery. The findings may better characterize comorbid predictors of sleep surgery and potentially help clinicians tailor expectations, postoperative pain management, and overall sleep outcomes.
Postmarketing Reporting of Paxlovid‐Related Dysgeusia: A Real‐World Pharmacovigilance Study
Authors: Cvancara David J. , Baertsch Hans C. , Lehmann Ashton E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Farrell Nyssa Fox , Marshall Thomas B. , Bhatt Neel K. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Jafari Aria
Published: February 2023

Objective

A novel COVID‐19 therapeutic, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), is commonly associated with reports of dysgeusia. The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was used to determine the real‐world reporting of Paxlovid‐associated dysgeusia (PAD), identify associated factors, and describe the relative reporting rates of dysgeusia for Paxlovid compared to other COVID‐19 therapeutics (OCT), ritonavir alone, and other protease inhibitors (OPI).

Study Design

Observational retrospective.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Methods

We collected patient and adverse event characteristics reported in the FAERS database between January 1968 and September 2022. Disproportionality analyses were used to compare the reporting of PAD to dysgeusia reported for OCT, ritonavir, and OPI.

Results

345,229 adverse events were included in the present study. Dysgeusia was a frequently reported Paxlovid‐associated adverse event (17.5%) and was associated with nonserious COVID‐19 infection (reporting odds ratio [ROR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.7) and female sex (ROR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.6, 1.9). Paxlovid was more likely to be associated with the reporting of dysgeusia compared to OCT (ROR 305.4; 95% CI 164.1, 568.5), ritonavir (ROR 28.0; 95% CI 24.1, 32.7), and OPI (ROR 49.0; 95% CI 42.8, 56.1).

Conclusion

Dysgeusia is much more likely to be reported by patients receiving Paxlovid than those receiving OCT, ritonavir alone, or OPI. These findings suggest a potential mechanism of dysgeusia that causes distorted taste out of proportion to the background effects of COVID‐19 infection and specific to nirmatrelvir. Future studies are needed to determine the underlying pathophysiology and long‐term clinical implications for patients who report dysgeusia with Paxlovid.
Videofluoroscopic Measures of Swallowing After Partial Epiglottidectomy for Dysphagia
Authors: Chung Hye R. , Reddy Neha K. , Smith Alden F. , Chhetri Dinesh K.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Partial epiglottidectomy has a role in improving dysphagia due to epiglottic obstruction. This study evaluates objective parameters of swallow function in patients who underwent partial epiglottidectomy.

Study Design

Retrospective study design.

Setting

Tertiary Care University Academic Medical Center.

Methods

A review was performed of patients who underwent CO2 laser partial epiglottidectomy for the treatment of dysphagia at a single tertiary care academic center over a 4‐year period. Objective swallowing parameters were evaluated from pre‐ and postoperative modified barium swallow studies using SwallowTail Advanced Measurement software using blinded reviewers. The postswallow pharyngeal residue (bolus clearance ratio or BCR), spatiotemporal swallowing variables (oropharyngeal [OPT], hypopharyngeal [HPT], and total pharyngeal transit times [TPT]), and airway protection (Penetration‐Aspiration Scale [PAS]) were analyzed. Student paired t test was used to determine significant changes in outcome parameters pre‐ and postsurgery.

Results

Forty‐three patients (age range 45‐92 years, median 70) met the inclusion criteria. A majority (69.8%) had a history of external beam radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. BCR decreased significantly from a mean of 31.7% presurgery to 24.2% (p = .01) postsurgery. OPT, HPT, and TPT did not differ significantly postsurgery. The mean Eating Assessment Tool‐10 score improved from 25.1 to 20.2 after treatment (p = .03). PAS score improved by 15.4% and remained stable at 66.2% after surgery.

Conclusion

Partial epiglottidectomy improves pharyngeal bolus clearance in properly selected patients with dysphagia due to epiglottic obstruction. Patients demonstrated stable swallow function with the benefit of reduced postswallow residue following surgical intervention.
Effect of Perioperative Antithrombotics on Head and Neck Microvascular Free Flap Survival After Anastomotic Revision
Authors: Bishop Jessica L. , Vasudev Milind , Garcia Natalie , Heslop Gabriela , Pham Tiffany T. , Hicks Melanie D. , Chowdhury Farshad , Grayson Jessica W. , Goddard Julie A. , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah , Thomas Carissa M.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To determine if antithrombotic therapy improves head and neck microvascular free flap survival following anastomotic revision.

Study Design

A retrospective review of all patients with microvascular free tissue transfer to the head and neck between August 2013 and July 2021.

Setting

Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Departments at University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Colorado, and University of California Irvine.

Methods

Perioperative use of anticoagulation, antiplatelets, intraoperative heparin bolus, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and vasopressor use, and leech therapy were collected plus microvascular free flap outcomes. The primary endpoint was free flap failure. Analyses of free flaps that underwent anastomotic revision with or without thrombectomy were performed.

Results

A total of 843 microvascular free flaps were included. The overall rate of flap failure was 4.0% (n = 34). The overall rate of pedicle anastomosis revision (artery, vein, or both) was 5.0% (n = 42) with a failure rate of 47.6% (n = 20) after revision. Anastomotic revision significantly increased the risk of flap failure (odds ratio [OR] 52.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] [23.90, 121.1], p < .0001) especially when both the artery and vein were revised (OR 9.425, 95% CI [2.117, 52.33], p = .005). Free flap failure after the anastomotic revision was not affected by postoperative antiplatelet therapy, postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation, intraoperative heparin bolus, tPA, and therapeutic anticoagulation regardless of which vessels were revised and if a thrombus was identified.

Conclusion

In cases of microvascular free tissue transfer pedicle anastomotic revision, the use of antithrombotic therapy does not appear to significantly change free flap survival outcomes.
Generating a framework for gender and sexual diversity‐inclusive STEM education
Authors: Wright Gary William , Delgado Cesar
Published: February 2023

Students who identify as LGBTQ continue to report feelings of being unsafe at school because of their sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression. Access to a gender and sexual diversity (GSD)‐inclusive curriculum and supportive teachers may positively improve the school climate for LGBTQ students, but these supports are often not included in STEM classrooms. One response is to ensure that STEM teachers are prepared to integrate GSD‐inclusive STEM teaching into their classrooms. This review systematically analyzed the literature on supporting and affirming GSD in K‐12 and higher education STEM education contexts. The 81 selected studies were qualitatively analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and epistemic network analysis, and the findings showed that GSD‐inclusive STEM education literature coheres around six highly related constructs: Heteronormativity, Social Justice, Epistemic Knowledge of Science and Inquiry, Identity, Embodiment, and GSD language. Identifying these constructs, and the connections among them, led to the generation of an operational framework of GSD‐inclusive STEM teaching that can inform and guide STEM teacher education programs and STEM teacher professional development to develop STEM educators' equity literacy around GSD to foster bias‐free, equitable, inclusive STEM classrooms.
A metadata driven process for assessing stability and reusability based on risk of change of software systems
Authors: Mehboob Bilal , Chong Chun Yong
Published: February 2023

Measuring and estimating the reusability of software components are important steps toward finding reusable candidates. Reuse of software components can aid in the reduction of the development cost of new software or maintenance of existing ones. However, assessing the reusability of software is a challenging task. Even if reusable candidates can be identified, developers will need to decide on the reuse strategies, that is, reuse as it is without any modification, or introduce new changes to the reusable candidate to fulfill requirements in the new environment or releases. Thus, the stability of the reusable candidates plays a pivotal role because it will influence the ease of reuse. Assessing and predicting the stability of potential reusable candidates becomes a significant and important step in software reuse. In this research, we propose to leverage on risk of change as a proxy to measure software stability, where the latter is also a proxy measure for software reuse. Based on experiments conducted on 29 open‐source software with different sizes and application types hosted on GitHub, we found that classes with high impact and high risk of change should be avoided from being reused due to their instability, while those classes with low impact and risk of change should be given priority. The proposed work can aid in providing a better understanding of the ease of reuse for software systems and can be used as a tool to assess its overall quality.
Hydrated Ionic Liquids: Perspective for Bioscience
Authors: Fujita Kyoko , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: February 2023

Hydrated ionic liquid (IL) is a simple mixture of IL and water. Unique aqueous electrolyte solution can be designed by mixing IL with limited amount of water. In most hydrated ILs, there are no free water and all are strongly interacted with ions. The properties of hydrated ILs, such as polarity, viscosity, ion mobility, and hydrogen bonding ability, can therefore be controlled simply by water content. This mixture is expected to provide similar environment to that of living cell, and is desired to be effective solvents for biomolecules. In this account, we would like to survey the basic properties, recent results, and future aspects of the hydrated ILs.
“This Is My School Too!”: Working with Newcomer Parents to Create a Familycentric School Landscape
Authors: Chen Emma , Pushor Debbie
Published: February 2023

In this article, the authors use narrative inquiry methodology to engage with one Prekindergarten teacher and three newcomer parents in a Western Canadian school. Interested in addressing the unique learning and social needs of these particular parents and family members, as a way of strengthening parents and families as well as enhancing educational outcomes for children, this research sought new ways to give newcomer parents who are often marginalized on school landscapes a place and a voice. The participants’ storied experiences of their engagement in Parent University, Conversation Circles, a Parent Mentor Program, and the everyday life of the classroom clearly showcase that newcomer children benefit greatly from the engagement and empowerment of their parents, when educators work to interrupt the “schoolcentric” ways of schools and instead create a “familycentric” school landscape.
Gluonic evanescent operators: two-loop anomalous dimensions
Authors: Jin Qingjun , Ren Ke , Yang Gang , Yu Rui
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Evanescent operators are a special class of operators that vanish in four-dimensional spacetime but are non-zero in d = 4−2ϵ dimensions. In this paper, we continue our systematic study of the evanescent operators in the pure Yang-Mills theory and focus on their two-loop renormalization. We develop an efficient strategy to compute the two-loop divergences of form factors of high-dimensional and high-length operators by combining the d-dimensional unitarity method and the improved tensor reduction techniques. Two-loop anomalous dimensions are obtained for the dimension-10 basis in the planar YM theory, for which both the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme and the finite-renormalization scheme are used. We verify that the two-loop anomalous dimensions are the same in these two schemes at the Wilson-Fisher conformal fixed point. Our computation shows that the evanescent operators are indispensable in order to obtain the correct two-loop anomalous dimensions. This work provides a first computation of the two-loop anomalous dimensions of the complete set of dimension-10 operators. The method we use is also expected to provide an efficient strategy for the two-loop renormalization of general high-dimensional operators.
Thermal history of Carlin-type gold deposits in Yukon (Canada) as revealed by organic matter geothermometry, clumped isotope data, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and apatite fission-track analyses
Authors: Pinet Nicolas , Haeri-Ardakani Omid , Jautzy Josué , Savard Martine M. , Sack Patrick , Mercier-Langevin Patrick
Published: February 2023

Sediment-hosted gold deposits in central Yukon have most of the diagnostic characteristics of Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada. This study combines organic matter geothermometry with fluid inclusion microthermometry, clumped isotope data (Δ47) for late ore-stage hydrothermal calcite, and apatite fission-track analyses to constrain the thermal evolution of Carlin-type gold zones in central Yukon. The Tmax parameter derived from pyrolysis analyses indicates that organic matter is overmature and records regional temperatures of > 150 °C. Calcite and fluorite associated with the waning stage of mineralization at ca. 74 Ma have mean fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures of 123–173 °C, with an average salinity of 4.8 wt.% NaCl equiv. These temperatures overlap values of 91–162 °C determined from calcite clumped isotope measurements and are similar to data from Carlin-type deposits in Nevada. Fluid mixing is suggested by a variation of the isotopic composition of the fluid in equilibrium with calcite, with the higher temperature end-member having higher δ18OH2O values. In thermal models based on Tmax, fluid inclusion microthermometry, clumped isotope measurements, and apatite fission-track data, a higher temperature event at approximately 220 °C is consistent with pyrobitumen reflectance measurements. This event is either related to maximum tectonic burial prior to mineralization or to the flow of acidic hydrothermal fluids early in the main ore-stage. Each analytical technique used in this study is independent of the others and records part of the thermal and chemical evolution of the Yukon Carlin-type gold deposits and their host rocks.
The Generalized Method of Wavelet Moments with eXogenous inputs: a fast approach for the analysis of GNSS position time series
Authors: Cucci Davide A. , Voirol Lionel , Kermarrec Gaël , Montillet Jean-Philippe , Guerrier Stéphane
Published: February 2023

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) daily position time series are often described as the sum of stochastic processes and geophysical signals which allow to study global and local geodynamical effects such as plate tectonics, earthquakes, or ground water variations. In this work, we propose to extend the Generalized Method of Wavelet Moments (GMWM) to estimate the parameters of linear models with correlated residuals. This statistical inferential framework is applied to GNSS daily position time-series data to jointly estimate functional (geophysical) as well as stochastic noise models. Our method is called GMWMX, with X standing for eXogenous variables: it is semi-parametric, computationally efficient and scalable. Unlike standard methods such as the widely used maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), our methodology offers statistical guarantees, such as consistency and asymptotic normality, without relying on strong parametric assumptions. At the Gaussian model, our results (theoretical and obtained in simulations) show that the estimated parameters are similar to the ones obtained with the MLE. The computational performances of our approach have important practical implications. Indeed, the estimation of the parameters of large networks of thousands of GNSS stations (some of them being recorded over several decades) quickly becomes computationally prohibitive. Compared to standard likelihood-based methods, the GMWMX has a considerably reduced algorithmic complexity of order$$\mathcal {O}\{\log (n) n\}$$O{log(n)n}for a time series of lengthn. Thus, the GMWMX appears to provide a reduction in processing time of a factor of 10–1000 compared to likelihood-based methods depending on the considered stochastic model, the length of the time series and the amount of missing data. As a consequence, the proposed method allows the estimation of large-scale problems within minutes on a standard computer. We validate the performances of our method via Monte Carlo simulations by generating GNSS daily position time series with missing observations and we consider composite stochastic noise models including processes presenting long-range dependence such as power law or Matérn processes. The advantages of our method are also illustrated using real time series from GNSS stations located in the Eastern part of the USA.
Endophytic N2 fixation in sweet potato: responses to N, P, and K inputs and visualization of 15N2 utilizing bacterial cells via Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ueda Risako , Yano Katsuya
Published: February 2023

Fertilizer-N strongly limits non-leguminous crop yields; however, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an exception, likely due to its ability to acquire atmospheric N2 via endophytic diazotrophs. Using Raman spectroscopy, we found that in 15N2-fed sweet potato, some endophytic bacteria contained 15N, providing direct evidence of N2 fixation in planta. To assess N2-fixing capability, pot experiments were conducted by varying N, P, and K fertilizer inputs. Sweet potato showed higher N content than the non-N2-fixing Ipomoea aquatica; additionally, it showed increased N content which was 1.4-fold higher than the fertilizer-N input. Its δ15N values were closer to those of N2-fixing soybean, with an estimated 11–56% of plant N derived from N2. The estimated amount of fixed-N in sweet potato was negligible without fertilizer-N; however, a gradual accumulation leading to an immediate saturation was observed with increasing fertilizer-N. During this state, increasing P supply linearly enhanced the capability, reaching 13 g N m−2, comparable to that of legumes. However, K inputs affected neither N2 fixation nor growth owing to strong K acquisition from the soil even without fertilizer-K. Our results indicate extensive N2 fixation in sweet potato, depending on its nutritional status, particularly P; resonance Raman spectroscopy facilitates the visualization of active N2-fixing bacteria on a single-cell scale.
Weight recurrence after Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a propensity score matched nationwide analysis
Authors: Akpinar Erman O. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. ,   the Dutch Audit for Treatment of Obesity Research Group, de Brauw L. M. , de Castro S. M. M. , Damen S. L. , Demirkiran A. , Dunkelgrün M. , Faneyte I. F. , Greve J. W. M. , van ’t Hof G. , Janssen I. M. C. , Jutte E. H. , Klaassen R. A. , Lagae E. A. G. L. , Langenhoff B. S. , Liem R. S. L. , Luijten A. A. P. M. , Nienhuijs S. W. , Schouten R. , Smeenk R. M. , Swank D. J. , Wiezer M. J. , Vening W.
Published: February 2023

Background

Literature remains scarce on patients experiencing weight recurrence after initial adequate weight loss following primary bariatric surgery. Therefore, this study compared the extent of weight recurrence between patients who received a Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) after adequate weight loss at 1-year follow-up.

Methods

All patients undergoing primary RYGB or SG between 2015 and 2018 were selected from the Dutch Audit for Treatment of Obesity. Inclusion criteria were achieving ≥ 20% total weight loss (TWL) at 1-year and having at least one subsequent follow-up visit. The primary outcome was ≥ 10% weight recurrence (WR) at the last recorded follow-up between 2 and 5 years, after ≥ 20% TWL at 1-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included remission of comorbidities at last recorded follow-up. A propensity score matched logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the difference between RYGB and SG.

Results

A total of 19.762 patients were included, 14.982 RYGB and 4.780 SG patients. After matching 4.693 patients from each group, patients undergoing SG had a higher likelihood on WR up to 5-year follow-up compared with RYGB [OR 2.07, 95% CI (1.89–2.27), p < 0.01] and less often remission of type 2 diabetes [OR 0.69, 95% CI (0.56–0.86), p < 0.01], hypertension (HTN) [OR 0.75, 95% CI (0.65–0.87), p < 0.01], dyslipidemia [OR 0.44, 95% CI (0.36–0.54), p < 0.01], gastroesophageal reflux [OR 0.25 95% CI (0.18–0.34), p < 0.01], and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) [OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.54–0.8), p < 0.01]. In subgroup analyses, patients who experienced WR after SG but maintained ≥ 20%TWL from starting weight, more often achieved HTN (44.7% vs 29.4%), dyslipidemia (38.3% vs 19.3%), and OSAS (54% vs 20.3%) remission compared with patients not maintaining ≥ 20%TWL. No such differences in comorbidity remission were found within RYGB patients.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing SG are more likely to experience weight recurrence, and less likely to achieve comorbidity remission than patients undergoing RYGB.
Mathematical analysis of the limiting behaviors of a chromatin modification circuit
Authors: Bruno Simone , Williams Ruth J. , Del Vecchio Domitilla
Published: February 2023

In the last decade, the interactions among histone modifications and DNA methylation and their effect on the DNA structure, i.e., chromatin state, have been identified as key mediators for the maintenance of cell identity, defined as epigenetic cell memory. In this paper, we determine how the positive feedback loops generated by the auto- and cross-catalysis among repressive modifications affect the temporal duration of the cell identity. To this end, we conduct a stochastic analysis of a recently published chromatin modification circuit considering two limiting behaviors: fast erasure rate of repressive histone modifications or fast erasure rate of DNA methylation. In order to perform this mathematical analysis, we first show that the deterministic model of the system is a singular singularly perturbed (SSP) system and use a model reduction approach for SSP systems to obtain a reduced one-dimensional model. We thus analytically evaluate the reduced system’s stationary probability distribution and the mean switching time between active and repressed chromatin states. We then add a computational study of the original reaction model to validate and extend the analytical findings. Our results show that the absence of DNA methylation reduces the bias of the system’s stationary probability distribution toward the repressed chromatin state and the temporal duration of this state’s memory. In the absence of repressive histone modifications, we also observe that the time needed to reactivate a repressed gene with an activating input is less stochastic, suggesting that repressive histone modifications specifically contribute to the highly variable latency of state reactivation.
A new approach for spherical fuzzy TOPSIS and spherical fuzzy VIKOR applied to the evaluation of hydrogen storage systems
Authors: Sharaf Iman Mohamad
Published: February 2023

This study proposes a new perspective of the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods using the recently introduced spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to handle the vagueness in subjective data and the uncertainties in objective data simultaneously. When implementing these techniques using SFSs, two main problems might arise that can lead to incorrect results. Firstly, the reference points might change with the utilized score function. Secondly, the distance between reference points might not be the largest, as known, among the available ratings. To overcome these deficiencies and increase the robustness of these two methods, they are implemented without utilizing any reference points to minimize the effect of defuzzification and without measuring the distance to eliminate the effect of distance formulas. In the proposed methods, when using an SFS to express the performance of an alternative for a criterion, this SFS per se can be viewed as a measure of proximity to the aspired level. On the other hand, the conjugate of the SFS can be viewed as a measure of proximity to the ineffectual level. Two practical applications are presented to demonstrate the proposed techniques. The first example handles a warehouse location selection problem. The second example evaluates hydrogen storage systems for automobiles with different types of data (crisp, linguistic variables, type 1 fuzzy sets). These data are transformed to SFSs to provide a more comprehensive analysis. A comparative study is conducted with earlier versions of TOPSIS and VIKOR to explicate the adequacy of the proposed methods and the consistency of the results.
Emotion classification of Indonesian Tweets using Bidirectional LSTM
Authors: Glenn Aaron , LaCasse Phillip , Cox Bruce
Published: February 2023

Emotion classification can be a powerful tool to derive narratives from social media data. Traditional machine learning models that perform emotion classification on Indonesian Twitter data exist but rely on closed-source features. Recurrent neural networks can meet or exceed the performance of state-of-the-art traditional machine learning techniques using exclusively open-source data and models. Specifically, these results show that recurrent neural network variants can produce more than an 8% gain in accuracy in comparison with logistic regression and SVM techniques and a 15% gain over random forest when using FastText embeddings. This research found a statistical significance in the performance of a single-layer bidirectional long short-term memory model over a two-layer stacked bidirectional long short-term memory model. This research also found that a single-layer bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network met the performance of a state-of-the-art logistic regression model with supplemental closed-source features from a study by Saputri et al. [8] when classifying the emotion of Indonesian tweets.
Versorgung des intakten abdominellen Aortenaneurysmas (AAA) 2020/2021
Authors: Schmitz-Rixen Thomas , Löffler Ann-Kathrin , Steinbauer Markus , Grundmann Reinhart T.
Published: February 2023

Zielsetzung

Die Daten für die Jahre 2020 und 2021 des Registers des Deutschen Instituts für Gefäßmedizinische Gesundheitsforschung (DIGG) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie und Gefäßmedizin zur Versorgung der intakten abdominellen Aortenaneurysmen (iAAA) werden vorgestellt.

Methodik

An dem Register beteiligten sich für die Eingriffe bei iAAA im Jahr 2020 insgesamt 148 und im Jahr 2021 insgesamt 156 gefäßchirurgische Kliniken. Zur Auswertung kamen die Daten von 3023 Patienten für das Jahr 2020 und 3312 Patienten für das Jahr 2021.

Ergebnisse

Von insgesamt 6335 Patienten wurden 4990 (78,8 %) endovaskulär (EVAR) und 1345 (21,2 %) offen (OR) versorgt. Bei EVAR verstarben insgesamt 56 Patienten (1,0 %) bis zur Entlassung, bei OR waren es 66 (4,9 %) Patienten. Bei den endovaskulär versorgten iAAA-Patienten verlief der Eingriff bei 4306/4990 (86,3 %) der Fälle komplikationslos, bei OR waren es 903/1345 (67,1 %) komplikationslose Eingriffe. Frauen wiesen bei EVAR eine Klinikletalität von 2,5 % (16/647), Männer von 0,9 % (40/4343) auf (p = 0,002). Bei OR betrug die Klinikletalität der Frauen 5,2 % (12/232), die der Männer 4,9 % (54/1113) (p = 0,735). Speziell Patienten über 80 Jahre profitierten von dem endovaskulären Vorgehen, ihre Klinikletalität machte bei EVAR lediglich 1,8 % (22/1247), bei OR hingegen 8,9 % (11/123) aus (p < 0,001). Von insgesamt 6333 iAAA waren 5531 infrarenal (87,3 %) und 802 (12,7 %) juxtarenal gelegen. Bei EVAR war die Klinikletalität bei Versorgung juxtarenaler AAA mit 14/422 (3,3 %) signifikant höher als bei Versorgung infrarenaler AAA mit 42/4566 (0,9 %) (p < 0,001). Die Klinikletalität bei offener Versorgung der juxtarenalen AAA machte 31/380 (8,2 %) aus und war damit signifikant höher (p < 0,002) als bei offener Versorgung der infrarenalen AAA mit 35/965 (3,6 %).

Schlussfolgerung

Die Ergebnisse der Jahre 2020/2021 zu Klinikletalität und Morbidität bei endovaskulärer und offener Versorgung des iAAA bestätigen weitgehend die publizierten Ergebnisse für die Jahre 2013 bis 2019. Sowohl bei Versorgung juxtarenaler als auch Versorgung infrarenaler iAAA war die Klinikletalität bei EVAR geringer als bei OR.
Dynamic Response Strategies: Accounting for Response Process Heterogeneity in IRTree Decision Nodes
Authors: Merhof Viola , Meiser Thorsten
Published: February 2023

It is essential to control self-reported trait measurements for response style effects to ensure a valid interpretation of estimates. Traditional psychometric models facilitating such control consider item responses as the result of two kinds of response processes—based on the substantive trait, or based on response styles—and they assume that both of these processes have a constant influence across the items of a questionnaire. However, this homogeneity over items is not always given, for instance, if the respondents’ motivation declines throughout the questionnaire so that heuristic responding driven by response styles may gradually take over from cognitively effortful trait-based responding. The present study proposes two dynamic IRTree models, which account for systematic continuous changes and additional random fluctuations of response strategies, by defining item position-dependent trait and response style effects. Simulation analyses demonstrate that the proposed models accurately capture dynamic trajectories of response processes, as well as reliably detect the absence of dynamics, that is, identify constant response strategies. The continuous version of the dynamic model formalizes the underlying response strategies in a parsimonious way and is highly suitable as a cognitive model for investigating response strategy changes over items. The extended model with random fluctuations of strategies can adapt more closely to the item-specific effects of different response processes and thus is a well-fitting model with high flexibility. By using an empirical data set, the benefits of the proposed dynamic approaches over traditional IRTree models are illustrated under realistic conditions.
Brezeln und Elektrokatzen als Distinktionssymbole?
Authors: Kerle Anja , Schäfer Philipp
Published: February 2023

Diskriminierung aufgrund von Armut und sozialer Herkunft wird momentan prominent diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang arbeiten eine Vielzahl von Autor_innen mit dem Begriff des Klassismus, um dieses soziale bzw. gesellschaftliche Phänomen zu beschreiben und zu analysieren. Doch sind empirische Arbeiten hierzu erst im Entstehen und eine klare Beschreibung bzw. Deutungsangebote, was als klassistisch benannt werden kann, zeigt sich bisweilen schwierig. Im Beitrag diskutieren wir anhand empirischer Beispiele und entlang theoretischer Überlegungen Pierre Bourdieus Klassismus(-deutungen) in kindheitspädagogischen Settings. Die im empirischen Material aufgetauchten Figuren von Kulturgütern (Brezel und elektronisches Spielzeug) zeigen die Vielschichtigkeit und Komplexität von Klassismus in der pädagogischen Praxis. Ausgehend davon plädieren wir für eine differenzierte (Forschungs‑)Perspektive, die Klassismus als Interaktions- und Strukturkategorie versteht und neben der Hervorbringung von klassistischen Zuschreibungen und Positionierungen im alltäglichen Vollzug die Klassenposition von Pädagog_innen, Sorgenden und Forschenden beachtet.
Measurement Invariance Across Sex and Language Background of a Self-Report Social-Emotional Learning Questionnaire for Middle Childhood
Authors: Carpendale Emma J. , Green Melissa J. , Williams Kate E. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Carr Vaughan J. , Laurens Kristin R.
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the measurement invariance of a brief self-report measure of childhood social-emotional competencies, the Middle Childhood Survey: Social-Emotional Learning (MCS-SEL), across demographic subgroups. Invariance was tested simultaneously among subgroups of children aged 11–12 years that were differentiated by sex (male, female) and main language spoken at home (English, not English). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis evaluated structural and item-level invariance using two random, independent samples of 2,000 students (500 per demographic strata) selected by disproportionate sampling from the New South Wales Child Development Study (NSW-CDS) population cohort. The measure achieved full configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance across all demographic subgroups, validating its utility for assessing middle childhood social-emotional competencies at a population-level.
Fabrication of Glass/Jute Hybrid Composite over Wrapped Aluminum Cylinders: An Advanced Material for Automotive Applications
Authors: El-baky Marwa A. Abd , Allah Mahmoud M. Awd , Kamel Madeha , Abdel-Aziem Walaa
Published: February 2023

As a class of promising cost-effective lightweight structures, metal-composite hybrids have rapidly emerged in automotive industry largely attributable to their outstanding multifunctional and crashworthy characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the potentiality of metal-composite cylinders for crash energy absorption applications. In this context, the crashworthiness performance, and the deformation history of jute (J)/glass (G) reinforced epoxy hybrid composite over wrapped aluminum (Al) cylinders were experimentally studied under quasi-static axial loading. Crashworthiness characteristics of the proposed cylinders were evaluated by measuring the average and peak crushing loads ($${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{avg}}$$

F
avg

, $${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{ip}}$$

F
ip

), specific energy absorption ($$\mathrm{SEA}$$
SEA
), total absorbed energy ($$\mathrm{U})$$

U
)

, and crush force efficiency ($$\mathrm{CFE}$$
CFE
). The influence of the number of J-layers on the deformation profiles has also been defined. Result revealed that the highest ($${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{ip}}$$

F
ip

), ($${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{avg}})$$

F
avg

)

, and ($$\mathrm{SEA}$$
SEA
) noted for Al-3G-2 J-3G with values of 85.45 kN, 53.14 kN, and 39.99 J/g, respectively. The maximum ($$\mathrm{U}$$
U
) was documented for Al-8G with a value of 3535.89 J. The highest $$(\mathrm{CFE})$$

(
CFE
)

was recorded for Al-2G-4 J-2G followed by Al-3G-2 J-3G with a value of 0.65 and 0.62, respectively. Al-3G-2 J-3G cylinders exhibit excellent energy-absorbing capacity and could be applied as energy-absorbing crashworthiness structures in automotive applications.
Comprehensive Profiling of Secreted Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Moyamoya Disease Patients
Authors: Abhinav Kumar , Lee Alex G. , Pendharkar Arjun V. , Bigder Mark , Bet Anthony , Rosenberg-Hasson Yael , Cheng Michelle Y. , Steinberg Gary K.
Published: February 2023

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by progressive occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, leading to ischemic and hemorrhagic events. Significant clinical differences exist between ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD. To understand the molecular profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MMD patients, we investigated 62 secreted factors in both MMD subtypes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) and examined their relationship with preoperative perfusion status, the extent of postoperative angiographic revascularization, and functional outcomes. Intraoperative CSF was collected from 32 control and 71 MMD patients (37 ischemic and 34 hemorrhagic). Multiplex Luminex assay analysis showed that 41 molecules were significantly elevated in both MMD subtypes when compared to controls, including platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (p < 0.001). Many of these secreted proteins have not been previously reported in MMD, including interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) and C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL9). Pathway analysis indicated that both MMD subtypes exhibited similar cellular/molecular functions and pathways, including cellular activation, migration, and inflammatory response. While neuroinflammation and dendritic cell pathways were activated in MMD patients, lipid signaling pathways involving nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and liver X receptors (LXR)/retinoid X receptors (RXR) signaling were inhibited. IL-13 and IL-2 were negatively correlated with preoperative cerebral perfusion status, while 7 factors were positively correlated with the extent of postoperative revascularization. These elevated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in CSF may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD and represent potential future therapeutic targets.
Nuclear energy: Twitter data mining for social listening analysis
Authors: Zarrabeitia-Bilbao Enara , Jaca-Madariaga Maite , Rio-Belver Rosa María , Álvarez-Meaza Izaskun
Published: February 2023

Knowing the presence, attitude and sentiment of society is important to promote policies and actions that influence the development of different energy sources and even more so in the case of an energy source such as nuclear, which has not been without controversy in recent years. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a social listening analysis of nuclear energy using Twitter data mining. A total of 3,709,417 global tweets were analyzed through the interactions and emotions of Twitter users throughout a crucial year: 6 months before and 6 months after the beginning of Russian invasion of Ukraine and the first attack on the Zaporizhzhia NPP. The research uses a novel approach to combine social network analysis methods with the application of artificial neural network models. The results reveal the digital conversation is influenced by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, tweets containing personal opinions of influential people also manage to enter the digital conversation, defining the magnitude and direction of the debate. The digital conversation is not constructed as a public argument. Generally, it is a conversation with non-polarized communities (politics, business, science and media); neither armed conflict or military threats against Zaporizhzhia NPP succeed in rousing anti-nuclear voices, even though these events do modify the orientation of the sentiment in the language used, making it more negative.
Bilingual children acquiring Russian and German in Vienna: nonword repetition correlates with stronger but not with weaker language
Authors: Eisenwort Brigitte , Tilis Maksim , Schmid Carolin , Diendorfer-Radner Gabriela
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Nonword repetition tests (NWRT) can be useful tools together with other assessment procedures for diagnosing a developmental learning disorder in bilingual children. Concerning typically developing children, however, the link between NWRT performance and language development is still unclear. The present study contributes to this discussion by investigating the link between language-dependent NWRT performance, language development, and language exposure.

Methods

A total of 20 simultaneously bilingual Russian–German children, aged 4–6 years, were tested with “The Russian language proficiency test for multilingual children (SRUK)” and “Patholinguistische Diagnostik bei Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (PDSS)” as well as language-specific nonwords for Russian and German.

Results

Most children scored within the mean range in SRUK. In PDSS they scored two standard deviations below the mean range in most of the subtests. NWRT in Russian significantly correlated with the NWRT in German and also positively correlated with both comprehension and production in Russian. In contrast, the German NWRT did not correlate with comprehension or with production in German. Moreover, the correlation between the German NWRT and the comprehension of grammatical structures in Russian was significant, and the correlations between the German NWRT and the two other Russian language development tests just failed to reach significance.

Conclusion

High scores in both the Russian and the German NWRT offer evidence that the ability to repeat language-specific nonwords does not differ depending on language exposure. The aim to distinguish between typical and atypical language development based on NWRT can be reached only when NWRT and all possible influencing factors in typically developed children are analyzed.
Simulation based testing and performance investigation of induction motor drives using matlab simulink
Authors: Makinde Kehinde Adeleye , Bakare Mutiu Shola , Akinloye Benjamin Olabisi , Amole Abraham Olatide , Adewuyi Oludamilare Bode , Zubair Uthman Oluwatosin , Owonikoko Waheed Olaide
Published: February 2023

Induction motors (IMs) are the most widely employed electrical motors due to their robust construction and adaptability. Due to their versatility and wide range of applications, it is crucial to examine the performance of these motors using a simple but thorough simulation model. In this study, we present the simulation models to conduct the DC test, the no-load test, and the locked rotor test on a three-phase induction motor using MATLAB/Simulink. These three tests are fundamental to determining the characteristics of a three-phase induction motor equivalent circuit. Furthermore, the authors extend the model to determine the starting current, starting torque, and breakdown torque of the motors under inquiry. The research further employs the right code in the MATLAB environment to ascertain the motors' torque-speed and current-speed properties. The results of the simulations are found to closely match the values achieved in real trials. Hence, this model can be employed to enhance teaching and research in the field of electrical machinery.

Article Highlights

This paper explains a computerized procedure employing MATLAB software to carry out vital tests on induction motors. The research shows that using the methods described in this paper, induction motors can be safely tested for their operating characteristics.

The benefit of the computerized methodology described in this paper is that it provides a modelling tool and methodology to expand research on induction motors with high accuracy and reliability.

The numerical method developed in this article is a suitable tool in teaching and education.

Beyond the three common tests (dc test, no-load test and locked rotor test) to determine the equivalent circuit of induction motors, this paper further extends the research to use the simulation models to determine the starting current, starting torque and the breakdown torque of an induction motor as well as its torque-speed and current-speed characteristics.
Development of power transmission line detection technology based on unmanned aerial vehicle image vision
Authors: Xu Baoyu , Zhao Yilin , Wang Tao , Chen Qingning
Published: February 2023

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology provides a new option for power transmission line inspection. The cost of the UAV detection process is relatively low, and it is flexible and extensible. In order to ensure the safety and stability of power supply in the current large and complex power grid system, UAV detection with image recognition technology has become an urgent need for the development of the current power system. Herein, we review the development of this field in detail. Different from the previous simple discussion on UAV power line inspection technology, this work not only systematically summarizes the UAV power line detection platform and its system structure, but also discusses the image recognition technology based on UAV data. Further, we focus on the fundamental process and development of power line image processing technology based on depth learning, hoping to contribute a systematic reference to the field of power line inspection based on UAV image vision.