bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN BERBASIS MASJID MELALUI PROGRAM LUMBUNG PADI DI DESA GENENG, JAMBAKAN, BAYAT, KLATEN, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Hamsah Ustadi
Published: April 2019

A discourse of women empowerment has been understood to be based on social capital , from the existence and the role of women themselves. This article is an attempt to enrich the discourse of women empowerment based on mosque. The function and the role of mosque will be socially linked to the patterns of women’s empowerment in creating food security i.e. rice barns. So far, the function of mosque is seen limited to a place for religious rituals that have a limited implication on its social role. Similarly, the function and the role of women in the village in particular, are also limited in the public sector. By using the constructive theory of Peter L. Berger, the analysis argues that the “culture” of the mosque provides an affinity for village women to develop empowerment models in the form of rice granaries with the patterns of participation and local organizational capacity. Supported by theological values of the mosque’s function and role, both patterns allow women to play their social functions and roles to be more wider.[Wacana pemberdayaan perempuan yang selama ini dipahami merupakan wacana yang berbasis social capital dari eksistensi dan peran perempuan itu sendiri. Artikel ini merupakan upaya untuk memperkaya wacana men- genai pemberdayaan perempuan yang berbasis masjid. Fungsi dan peran masjid secara sosial akan dikaitkan de- ngan pola-pola pemberdayaan perempuan dalam menciptakan ketahanan pangan yakni lumbung padi. Hal yang menarik adalah wacana bahwa masjid difungsikan sebatas pada tempat ritual keagamaan yang berimplikasi pada peran sosialnya yang sangat terbatas. Kemudian perempuan di desa, khususnya, juga dilihat fungsi dan perannya secara terbatas di sektor publik. Analisis dari persoalan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori teori konstruk- sionisme Peter L. Berger. Dari analisis itu dapat dikemukakan bahwa “culture” masjid memberikan afinitas bagi perempuan desa untuk mengembangkan model pemberdayaan dalam bentuk lumbung padi dalam dengan pola par- ticipation dan local organizational capacity. Kedua pola itu memungkinkan perempuan memainkan fungsi dan peran sosialnya yang lebih luas dan didukung oleh values teologis dari fungsi dan peran masjid.]
SOSIOLOGI TUBUH DAN BUSANA MUSLIMAH
Authors: Maftuhin Arif
Published: April 2019

This paper aims at exploring sociological theories of body as an alternative approach for developing interdisciplinary Islamic studies. Three importants poinst are made trough reviewing relevant theories and literatures. First, it offers understanding of the new development in sociological theories of the body. Second, it gives emphasize on, and elaborates, the theory of docail body, which was initially developed by Michel Foucault. Third, it will analyze the Panduan Busana Muslimah book as a sample of how to use the theory of body to study one of the most prominent Islamic symbols of Islamic revivalism, the jilbab.[Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menawarkan teori tubuh sebagai salah satu alternatif pendekatan dalam kajian Islam interdisiplin, yang sering kita sebut sebagai pendekatan integrasi-interkoneksi. Untuk mencapai hal dimaksud, tiga aspek akan dibahas secara mendalam. Pertama, makalah ini menjelaskan teori-teori baru yang berkembang dalam sosiologi tubuh. Kedua, makalah ini menekankan pentingnya teori docail body yang digagas oleh Michel Foucault. Dan ketiga, makalah ini memberikan contoh aplikasi singkat bagaimana teori tubuh itu dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis salah satu fenomena revivalisme Islam.]
Analysis of Segmentation Methods for Brahmi Script
Authors: Singh Ajay Pratap , Kushwaha Ashwin Kumar
Published: April 2019

Segmentation is an important step for developing any optical character recognition (OCR) system, which has to be redesigned for each script having, non-uniform nature/property. It is used to decompose the image into its sub-units, which act as a basis for character recognition. Brahmi is a non-cursive ancient script, in which characters are not attached to each other and have some spacing between them. This study analyses various segmentation methods for different scripts to develop the best suitable segmentation method for Brahmi. MATLAB software was used for segmentation purpose in the experiment. The sample data belongs to Brahmi script-based ‘Rumandei inscription’. In this paper, we discuss a segmentation methodology for distinct components, namely text lines, words and characters of Rumandei inscription, written in Brahmi script. For segmenting distinct components of inscription different approach were used like horizontal projection profile, vertical projection profile and Relative minima approach. This is fundamental research on an inscription based on Brahmi script, which acts as a foundation for developing a segmentation module of an OCR solution/system of similar scripts in future. Information search and retrieval is an important activity of a library. So, to ensure this support for digitised documents written in ancient script, their character recognition is mandatory through the OCR system.
Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct A Systematic Review
Authors: Awasthi Shipra
Published: April 2019

The present study focuses on previous studies conducted on plagiarism and academic misconduct during 2009- 2018. This study highlights earlier studies that dealt with the concepts of plagiarism and academic misconduct, factors of plagiarism, types of plagiarism, strategies to avoid plagiarism, anti-plagiarism software/ tools and need for anti-plagiarism software. The study is based on 408 sample records collected from the Scopus database. From the study, it is found that the abundance of literature is available on plagiarism and academic misconduct, which implies that the majority of users are aware of the concept of plagiarism and academic integrity. It is also found that in academics, a vigilant approach is required to tackle the problem related to plagiarism and other forms of academic misconduct and accordingly measures must be implemented to control them. The libraries play a very significant role in creating awareness among the users by organizing training programmes. This study is beneficial for the researchers in comprehending the concept and building up the research keeping in mind the repercussions of different forms of plagiarism and academic misconduct.
Real Time Non uniformity Correction Algorithm and Implementation in Reconfigurable Architecture for Infra red Imaging Systems
Authors: Khare Sudhir , Singh Manvendra , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar
Published: April 2019

In modern electro-optical systems, infra-red (IR) imaging system is an essential sensor used for day and night surveillance. In recent years, advancements in IR sensor technology resulted the detectors having smaller pitch, better thermal sensitivity with large format like 640.512, 1024.768 and 1280.1024. Large format IR detectors enables realisation of high resolution compact thermal imager having wide field-of view coverage. However, the performance of these infrared imaging systems gets limited by non uniformity produced by sensing element, which is temporal in nature and present in spatial domain. This non uniformity results the fixed pattern noise, which arises due to variation in gain and offset components of the each pixel of the sensor even when exposed to a uniform scene. This fixed pattern noise limits the temperature resolution capability of the IR imaging system thereby causing the degradation in system performance. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the non-uniformities in real time. In this paper, non uniformity correction algorithm and its implementation in reconfigurable architectures have been presented and results on real time data have been described.
Intra annual Variability of the Arabian Sea high salinity water mass in the South Eastern Arabian Sea during 2016 17
Authors: Maheswaran P. A. , Kumar S. Satheesh , Kumar T. Pradeep
Published: April 2019

Intra-annual variability of the Arabian Sea high salinity water mass (ASHSW) in the South Eastern Arabian Sea (SEAS) and Gulf of Mannar (GoM) are addressed in this paper by utilisng the monthly missions carried out onboard INS Sagardhwani during 2016-17. Our observations revealed that the ASHSW was evident along the SEAS irrespective of seasons, whereas in the GoM the presence of ASHSW was observed during winter. The processes such as downwelling/up-welling, coastal currents, intrusion of low saline waters, stratification are clearly affects the spreading of the ASHSW. The characteristics such as core salinity value, depth and thickness of ASHSW exhibited remarkable spatio-temporal variability. Lateral mixing with the low saline waters in the region during winter reduces its core salinity. The intrusion of low saline waters was clearly seen upto 15 ON but the intrusion of low saline waters is not flowing through the GoM. The interface between the ASHSW and the prevailing low saline waters showed strong horizontal gradients of salinity. The presence of the ASHSW makes difference in the SLD and the below layer gradient which is sufficient to complicate or influence sound transmission. The spatio temporal variability of the ASHSW and its acoustic relevance are documented in this paper.
Winter Thermohaline Features along 10 degree N in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Fernandez Dominic Ricky , Balaji Suganth , Kumar T. Pradeep , Sanilkumar K. V.
Published: April 2019

To commemorate the contributions made by Indian Naval Ship (INS) Kistna during the first International Indian ocean expedition programme a scientific cruise was planned in the Bay of Bengal during November 2017 onboard INS Sagardhwani. The objective was to study the thermohaline properties along 10 °N in the Bay of Bengal and understand the sound channel characteristics in the region. A fresh water cap of ~20 m thickness is noticed in the top layers of the Bay of Bengal occupying the region extending from 83 °E – 93 °E. A prominent anti-cyclonic eddy was noticed around 10 °N centered between 90 °E and 93 °E, a negative sea level (west of 90 °E) co-exists with a positive sea level anomaly to its east along the observational tracks along 10 °N. The climatological temperature and salinity sections also shows the same features as observed along the transect. The study also sheds light on the deep sound channel characteristics along the 10 °N channel.
Effect of Environment on Underwater Acoustic Communication Data Rates
Authors: Suganthbalaji R. , N. X. Elizabeth Shani , Nair Nimmi R. , Nair P. V.
Published: April 2019

Underwater acoustic communication has several applications for civilians and defence. It is a challenging engineering problem, where large variability of ambient noise and highly variable channel characteristics limits the performance of communication system. In addition horizontal transmissions in shallow water is considered very challenging due to time varying delay spread and significant Doppler spread. An experiment was conducted to study the diurnal variability of underwater acoustic communication channel properties of the south west coast of India. Time spread and bit error rate for different ranges and depths are compared in this paper. Influence of prevailing sound speed profile on acoustic communication link is also discussed.
Dětská pojetí vybraných environmentálních fenoménů u žáků 1. a 2. stupně základní školy
Authors: Pavlátová Věra
Published: April 2019

Představa učitele, které pojmy (= fenomény) znamenají pro žáky problém, je nezbytným předpokladem úspěšné realizace výuky. Je ale možné, že žáci vidí obtížnost fenoménů jinak než učitel. V našem výzkumu porovnáme názor na vnímání obtížnosti 20 vybraných environmentálních fenoménů u učitelů 10 základních škol (N=60; výzkumným nástrojem byl dotazník) a u jejich žáků (N=1341; výzkumným nástrojem byl kognitivní test). Kromě vnímání obtížnosti nás také zajímalo porozumění významu a pojetí tohoto porozumění.

Za využití metodologické triangulace jsme dále pracovali z 8 fenomény, které se ukázaly dle výsledků kognitivního testu pro žáky nejvíce obtížnými, a to následným, kvalitativním výzkumem, kde byla výzkumným nástrojem pojmová mapa (N=79) doplněná u některých respondentů (= R) následným rozhovorem (N=4).

Byl prokázán statisticky významný rozdíl v porozumění významu fenoménů v závislosti na použitém výzkumném nástroji (Z=6,8, p <0,001). Jsou zde diskutovány možné důvody pro dětská pojetí a miskoncepce, které dle výsledku výzkumu, přetrvávají s věkem žáků.
Multiple Closed Geodesics on Positively Curved Finsler Manifolds
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we prove that on every Finsler manifold

(
M
,
F
)

{(M,F)}

with reversibility λ and flag curvature K satisfying

(

λ

λ
+
1

)

2

<
K
≤
1

{(\frac{\lambda}{\lambda+1})^{2}<K\leq 1}

, there exist

[

dim
⁡
M

+
1

2

]

{[\frac{\dim M+1}{2}]}

closed geodesics. If the number of closed geodesics is finite, then there exist

[

dim
⁡
M

2

]

{[\frac{\dim M}{2}]}

non-hyperbolic closed geodesics. Moreover, there are three closed geodesics on

(
M
,
F
)

{(M,F)}

satisfying the above pinching condition when

dim
⁡
M

=
3

{\dim M=3}

.
Envelope wages, hidden production and labor productivity
Authors: Di Nola Alessandro , Kocharkov Georgi , Vasilev Aleksandar
Published: April 2019

We evaluate the relative importance of aggregate labor productivity versus income taxes and social contributions for tax compliance in an economy with a large degree of informality. Empirical evidence points out that tax evasion in Europe happens through partially concealing wages and profits in formally registered enterprises. To this end, we build a model in which employer-employee pairs of heterogeneous productive capacities make joint decisions on the degree of tax evasion. The quantitative model is used to analyze the case of Bulgaria which has the largest informal economy in Europe and underwent a number of important tax reforms over the period 2000–2014, including the introduction of a flat income tax in 2008. The estimation strategy relies on matching the empirical series for the size of the informal economy and other aggregate outcomes for 2000–2014. Our counterfactual experiments show that the most important factor for the changing size of the informal economy is labor productivity, which accounts for more than 75% of the change. The variation in corporate income tax accounts for the rest. We find that the 2008 flat tax reform did not play any visible role in coping with informality.
Wege zur Optimierung des Forschungsdatenmanagements – Die Forschungsperspektive des PODMAN-Projekts
Authors: Förster André , Blask Katarina , Lemaire Marina
Published: April 2019

Ausgehend von der Notwendigkeit, die Integration von Forschungsdatenmanagement in bestehende Forschungsprozesse zu optimieren, stellt dieser Beitrag das BMBF-Projekt PODMAN vor. Es kombiniert Konzepte des Prozessmanagements und der Psychologie zu einem prototypischen Forschungsdatenmanagement-Modell. Hierbei bezieht es Forscher aus den Geisteswissenschaften und der Psychologie sowie die Infrastruktureinrichtungen an der Universität Trier und dem Zentrum für Psychologische Information und Dokumentation (ZPID) mit ein.
Open Access aus der Sicht von Verlagen
Authors: Kaier Christian , Lackner Karin
Published: April 2019

Fördergeber, Universitäten und Bibliotheken drängen seit Jahren auf einen freien Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen. Während mit immer mehr großen Verlagen Open-Access-Abkommen ausverhandelt werden, waren kleinere Verlage bislang in den Debatten zur Open-Access-Transformation kaum vertreten. Wir befragten daher Vertreter von 82 kleinen und mittelständischen Wissenschaftsverlagen zu ihren Erfahrungen, Einstellungen und Angeboten zu Open Access. Es zeigte sich, dass Open Access für diese Verlage und ihre Autoren wichtiger wird, allerdings bestehen abhängig von Verlagsgröße, Fachbereichen und Literaturtypen deutliche Unterschiede bei Einstellungen und Kenntnissen bezüglich Open Access. Zentrale Anforderungen für eine Umstellung ihrer Publikationstätigkeit auf Open Access sind für Verlage ausreichende Finanzierung, mehr Standardisierung sowie eine bessere Zusammenarbeit und Kommunikation mit anderen Stakeholdern.
Archivierungsstrategien anpassen – Herausforderungen und Lösungen für die Archivierung und Sekundärnutzung von ethnologischen Forschungsdaten
Authors: Sterzer Wjatscheslaw , Kretzer Susanne
Published: April 2019

Ethnologische Forschungsdaten enthalten in der Regel sensible und schutzwürdige, häufig personenbezogene Daten, die hohe Anforderungen an die Archivierung und Aufbereitung für die Sekundärnutzung stellen. Angemessene und flexible Workflows erlauben eine adäquate Darstellung der Studien in einer sicheren technischen Umgebung und berücksichtigen forschungspraktische, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte. Für den deutschen Raum hat sich das Datenservicezentrum Qualiservice als einzige Möglichkeit erwiesen, um eine adäquate Archivierung für solche Daten zu ermöglichen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Anforderungen für die Archivierung von ethnologischen Forschungsdaten und die Workflows, die von Qualiservice für den ethnologischen Bereich adaptiert werden können.
MyCoRe macht Forschungsdaten FAIR
Authors: Oeltjen Wiebke , Neumann Kathleen , Stahl Ulrike , Stephan Robert
Published: April 2019

Forschungsdaten werden in Repositorien gespeichert und zur Nachnutzung erhalten. Dies setzt voraus, dass die Repositorien bestimmte Prinzipien einhalten. Die FAIR-Leitprinzipien besagen, dass wissenschaftliche Daten auffindbar, zugänglich, interoperabel und wiederverwendbar sein sollen. In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, dass die Open-Source-Software MyCoRe geeignet ist, Repositorien bereitzustellen, die die FAIR-Prinzipien erfüllen. Dazu werden drei MyCoRe-Anwendungen, die Forschungsdaten verwalten und bereitstellen, untersucht und bewertet.
Methods to Evaluate Lifecycle Models for Research Data Management
Authors: Weber Tobias , Kranzlmüller Dieter
Published: April 2019

Lifecycle models for research data are often abstract and simple. This comes at the danger of oversimplifying the complex concepts of research data management. The analyses of 90 different lifecycle models lead to two approaches to assess the quality of these models. While terminological issues make direct comparisons of models hard, an empirical evaluation seems possible.
Die Bibliographische Datenbank zur Geschichtsschreibung im Osmanischen Europa (15. bis 18. Jh.)
Authors: Strotmann Vivian
Published: April 2019

Das DFG-Projekt „Bibliographische Datenbank zur Geschichtsschreibung im Osmanischen Europa (15. bis 18. Jh.)“ (HOE) wurde zwischen 2015 und 2018 kooperativ vom Lehrstuhl für die Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches und der Türkei (ORT) und der Universitätsbibliothek (UB) der Ruhr-Universität Bochum durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die dem Systemdesign zugrundeliegenden konzeptionellen und technischen Überlegungen und beschreibt die Rolle der Universitätsbibliothek in einer Kooperation mit mehreren wissenschaftlichen Partnern.

Teil 1.1 des Textes und die korrespondierenden Internetseiteninhalte beruhen auf Ausführungen von Ovidiu-Victor Olar, Mitglied des wissenschaftlichen Projektteilteams.
Framework Information Literacy – Aspekte aus Theorie, Forschung und Praxis
Authors: Sauerwein Tessa
Published: April 2019

Das Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education bietet neue, ganzheitliche Möglichkeiten für die Konzeption, Gestaltung und Förderung von Informationskompetenz. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie das Rahmenmodell der amerikanischen Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) für Schulungsangebote in Deutschland genutzt werden kann. Vorgestellt werden Aspekte aus Theorie und Forschung sowie ein adaptives Best-Practice-Beispiel der Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg. Die prämierten Framework Information Literacy Lessons (FILL) liefern nachhaltige Erkenntnisse zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten. Das fördert Kollaboration, Kommunikation sowie forschendes Lernen und gestaltet Zukunft. Teaching Libraries können so für die digitale Informationswelt kritisch sensibilisieren.
A Fully-Mixed Finite Element Method for then-Dimensional Boussinesq Problem with Temperature-Dependent Parameters
Authors: Almonacid Javier A. , Gatica Gabriel N.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we introduce and analyze a high-order, fully-mixed finite element method for the free convection ofn-dimensional fluids,n∈{2,3}{n\in\{2,3\}}, with temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. The mathematical model is given by the coupling of the equations of continuity, momentum (Navier–Stokes) and energy by means of the Boussinesq approximation, as well as mixed thermal boundary conditions and a Dirichlet condition on the velocity. Because of the dependence on the temperature of the fluid properties, several additional variables are defined, thus resulting in an augmented formulation that seeks the rate of strain, pseudostress and vorticity tensors, velocity, temperature gradient and pseudoheat vectors, and temperature of the fluid. Using a fixed-point approach, smallness-of-data assumptions and a slight higher-regularity assumption for the exact solution provide the necessary well-posedness results at both continuous and discrete levels. In addition, and as a result of the augmentation, no discrete inf-sup conditions are needed for the well-posedness of the Galerkin scheme, which provides freedom of choice with respect to the finite element spaces. In particular, we suggest a combination based on Raviart–Thomas, Lagrange and discontinuous elements for which we derive optimal a priori error estimates. Finally, several numerical examples illustrating the performance of the method and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence are reported.
On formal group laws over the quotients of Lazard’s ring
Authors: Bakuradze Malkhaz , Vershinin Vladimir
Published: April 2019

We present a formal power series

∑

A

i
⁢
j

⁢

x
i

⁢

y
j

{\sum A_{ij}x^{i}y^{j}}

over the Lazard ring Λ and the formal group laws

F
n

{F_{n}}

,

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

, over the quotient rings
of Λ.
For each

F
n

{F_{n}}

, we construct a complex cobordism theory with singularities with the coefficient ring

ℚ
⁢

[

p
1

,
…
,

p

2
⁢
n

]

{\mathbb{Q}[p_{1},\dots,p_{2n}]}

, with parameters

p
i

{p_{i}}

,

|

p
i

|

=

2
⁢
i

{|p_{i}|=2i}

.
Synthesis of indazolo[5,4-b][1,6]naphthyridine and indazolo[6,7-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives
Authors: Chen Dong-Mei , Liu Jia-Yan , Wei Ming , Wang Bing-Wei , Chu Ruo-Han , Chen Dong-Sheng
Published: April 2019

A simple method for the synthesis of the title compounds by an efficient in-situ reduction and cyclization reactions of aromatic aldehydes, tert-butyl 2,4-dioxopiperidine-1-carboxylate and 5-nitro-1H-indazole or 6-nitro-1H-indazole was developed.
Zinc Chloride Catalyzed Amino Claisen Rearrangement of 1-N-Allylindolines: An Expedient Protocol for the Synthesis of Functionalized 7-Allylindolines
Authors: Jain Seema
Published: April 2019

7-Allylindolines are valuable synthons for designing biologically active molecular libraries. Lewis acid catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangement provides a one pot synthetic entry to these heteroarenes. In this context, Zinc chloride (ZnCl2)–N,N-dimethylformamide system efficiently catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangements of 1-N-allylindolines to 7-allylindolines. The rearrangement is influenced by stereoelectronic effects of substituents present in 1-N-allylindolines. The substrates containing electron donating functionalities underwent rearrangement at lower temperature than substrates with electron withdrawing functional groups. The regioselectivity of the process is governed by the substitution pattern on allyl moiety in 1-N-allylindoline as well as ZnCl2catalyst loading in the reaction system.
Early Titanic Jokes: A disaster for the theory of disaster jokes?
Authors: Chovanec Jan
Published: April 2019

This paper contributes to our understanding of the inception of disaster humor by refuting the position of ‘technological determinism’ that is central for the theory of disaster jokes. This view, developed by Christie Davies, ties the emergence of this form of humor to the visual presentation of disaster events on television. The paper reports on the discovery of several contemporary instances of pre-television disaster humor on the topic of the sinking of the Titanic from 1912, thereby explicitly challenging the premise that prior to televised coverage, there were no disaster jokes. While the data come from a culture that was cognitively very distant from the disaster (and, thus, more likely to give rise to instantaneous disaster humor creation), the paper suggests that a modification to the original theory is possible, arguing that disaster humor can be interpreted as a reaction to the more general process of mediatization, whether televisual or exclusively verbal, which constructs a shared body of knowledge that people can draw upon as a resource when constructing humor. That is particularly the case with iconic disasters, such as the sinking of the Titanic, which can be seen symbolically as an epic fail of modernity rather than a mere tragic disaster.
Effects of Chemical Reactions on the Local Hydrodynamics in Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Operating under Typical Fischer-Tropsch Process Conditions – Ii
Authors: Basha Omar M. , Morsi Badie I.
Published: April 2019

Our rigorously validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (Basha et al. 2016) was previously used to predict the effects of gas sparger designs and internals configurations on the local hydrodynamics in a pilot-scale and a conceptual large-scale slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) (Basha and Morsi 2018). In this study, the CFD model was used to predict the effect of incorporating the F-T reaction kinetics on the local hydrodynamics in the pilot-scale (0.3-m ID, 3-m height) and the overall performance of the pilot-scale and an industrial-scale (5.8-m ID, 42-m height) SBCRS, both operating under F-T conditions with iron catalyst.

In the pilot-scale SBCR, the CFD simulations were carried out with catalyst concentrations of 5, 10 and 15 vol% and three H2/Co ratios of 1, 1.5 and 2, at temperature of 443 K, pressure of 20.5 bar and a superficial gas velocity of 0.24 m/s. The predictions showed that the presence of chemical reactions decreased the gas holdup and the Sauter mean bubble diameters along the reactor height by an average of 15.4 % and 17.63 %, respectively and strengthened the liquid circulations near the reactor wall. The predictions also showed that the CO and H2conversions increased with increasing the catalyst concentration, and the pilot scale SBCR could produce a maximum of 1.87 tons/day of C5+products at a catalyst concentration of 15 vol%.

In the commercial-scale SBCR, the CFD simulations were conducted at a catalyst loading of 10 vol% at a temperature of 528 K, pressure of 29 bar and four superficial gas velocities of 0.12, 0.24, 0.3 and 0.4 m/s. The calculations were completed, however, the contours of the local hydrodynamics were not extracted due to computational and memory limitations associated with generating graphics of such a large and complex reactor geometry. The predictions showed that the CO conversions were 48 %, 59 %, 58 % and 55 %; the H2conversions were 36 %, 51 %, 56 % and 54 % and the C5+products yields were are 275, 576, 627 and 654 ton/day at the superficial gas velocities of 0.12, 0.24, 0.3 and 0.4 m/s, respectively. When comparing the CFD model predictions with those of the 1-D empirical model developed by Sehabiague et al. (Sehabiague et al. 2015) at a superficial gas velocity of 0.24 m/s and catalyst loading of 10 %, the CFD model was found to predict lower CO conversion, higher H2conversion and higher C5+yield.
Defining The Known Risk: Context-Sensitivity In Tort Law Defenses
Authors: Sawicki Nadia N.
Published: April 2019

The law of negligence is designed to apply uniformly across contexts. Whether dealing with a car accident, medical malpractice, or a slip-and-fall case, tort law consistently asks whether a defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff and whether he exercised reasonable care in fulfilling that duty. Tort law defenses, too, are generally understood to be context-neutral. The doctrines of comparative negligence and assumption of risk should not vary depending on the precise circumstances surrounding an injury. And yet, there is a peculiar inconsistency in how some defenses are applied in cases of medical malpractice as compared to cases outside the health care context. Specifically, reliance on secondary implied assumption of risk seems to require greater knowledge on the part of the plaintiff in malpractice cases than in other contexts. In recreational sport cases, for example, a plaintiff will be denied recovery if he voluntarily encountered a known risk of physical injury – regardless of whether he understood that the risk was the result of a defendant’s negligence. In contrast, in medical malpractice cases, most people’s intuition is that the plaintiff’s recovery should be denied or limited only if he had knowledge of the risk of physical injury as well as the fact that this risk was created by a negligent defendant. There is no clear doctrinal explanation for this distinction. This article describes this conundrum and poses the question of whether and when such context-specific adjustments might be doctrinally justified. Ultimately, the most likely explanation is grounded in medical exceptionalist claims that the unique nature of health care justifies a more flexible and nuanced application of legal doctrine. While this conclusion may be unsatisfying to some, it presents a valuable opportunity to revisit debates about the supposed context-neutrality of tort law.
Erkenntnispotentiale der „Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland“ für die internationale historische Forschung
Authors: Braun Guido
Published: April 2019

Riassunto

Dopo una breve rassegna sull’edizione del carteggio dei nunzi da parte della storiografia di lingua tedesca, nonché una panoramica su temi centrali dei volumi di corrispondenza dei nunzi a Vienna relativi ai primi anni Trenta del XVII secolo, il contributo approfondisce i fulcri tematici, i possibili approcci analitici e la prospettiva di acquisire nuove cognizioni che i volumi relativi agli anni 1630/1635, e soprattutto l’ultimo volume apparso nel 2016, offrono alla ricerca storica per determinati campi tematici, spaziando dalla storia politica a quesiti storico-antropologici. Su queste basi si discute, infine, il problema, affrontato maggiormente a partire dagli anni Novanta del XX secolo, di quanto tali imprese editoriali siano ancora opportune. Si sottolinea che le fonti, edite in questo contesto, sono fondamentali per capire la politica europea durante una fase centrale della Guerra dei Trent’anni, non solo riguardo ai rapporti tra la Curia e l’Impero, ma anche relativo a tutto un ventaglio di problemi politici cruciali a livello europeo. In particolare emergono da esse in maniera efficace le origini della convinzione secondo cui un conflitto che interessava tutta Europa poteva essere ricomposto con successo solo attraverso trattative multilaterali e con il ricorso a mediatori della pace. Tale convinzione sarebbe diventato in seguito un elemento importante del sapere diplomatico europeo.
Grenzen, Schwellen, Transfers – Konstituierung islamischer Felder im Kontext
Authors: Schrode Paula
Published: April 2019

Diese Einleitung führt in den theoretischen Rahmen des Sonderbandes zu Prozessen von Abgrenzung, Grenzziehung und Grenzverschiebung in islambezogenen Feldern ein. Zugleich wird reflektiert, dass auch religionswissenschaftliche Forschung Grenzen definiert und dabei mit dem Forschungsfeld interagiert. Religiöse und wissenschaftliche Diskurse werden als Bereiche eines interdependenten und miteinander verwobenen Kontinuums konzeptualisiert, innerhalb dessen die Grenzen nie ganz fixiert oder undurchlässig sind. Indem Konstruktionsprozesse von Islam oder muslimischen Identitäten an den Schnittstellen unterschiedlicher Felder geschehen, rücken Grenzen nicht nur als Werkzeug für politische Strategien in den Blick, sondern auch als Kontaktzonen, Schwellen und Orte von Transfers und Wissensproduktion. Die Einleitung betont daher den religionswissenschaftlichen Beitrag zur Konstruktion von Islam und diskutiert die (Selbst-)Verortung der Disziplin in diesem Spannungsfeld.
Schiiten, Aleviten und Ehlibeyt-Islam:
Authors: Weineck Benjamin
Published: April 2019

Anhand von Beispielen aus schiitischen und alevitischen Kontexten in Deutschland und der Türkei beschreibt der Artikel, wie beide Traditionen über gemeinsame Praxis und einen geteilten Symbolbestand religionshistorische Grenzen ihrer jeweiligen Traditionen ausblenden. Solcherlei Grenzen erscheinen dabei für wissenschaftssystematische Zusammenhänge wichtiger als für die untersuchten Akteure selbst. Denn die hier untersuchten Gruppen und Individuen artikulieren einen Selbstentwurf von Islam, in dem der Aspekt der Verbundenheit zur Familie des Propheten, den ehlibeyt, eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Unter Bezugnahme auf Fredrick Barths Einsichten zu Ethnizität und Stuart Halls Theorie der Artikulation werden die Beispiele in Bezug auf Praxen der Abgrenzung und der Identifikation beschrieben und analysiert. Dabei wird zum einen danach gefragt, in welchem Verhältnis Abgrenzung und Identifikation zueinander stehen, und zum anderen, unter welchen Bedingungen die Akteure eine Form von Islam artikulieren können, der hier als „Ehlibeyt-Islam“ bezeichnet werden soll und der jenseits konfessionalisierter (Wissenschafts-)Sprache zu verorten ist.
ESTUDO DE TRELIÇAS ESPACIAIS DE AÇO OU MISTAS PARA VIGAMENTOS PRINCIPAIS DE GALPÕES DE GRANDES DIMENSÕES
Authors: Rodrigues Amorim Bruno , Lopes de Andrade Sebastião Arthur
Published: April 2019

Os sistemas de cobertura constituem uma parcela considerável dos custos finais degalpões de grandes dimensões. Os carregamentos desse sistema são transferidos paraos pilares a partir dos vigamentos principais. Dúvidas sobre qual é a melhor solução parao dimensionamento do vigamento principal podem surgir devido aos grandes vãos queessas estruturas devem cumprir. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo das configuraçõesestruturais e uso de diferentes materiais para o projeto, fabricação e montagem decoberturas de galpões de grandes dimensões. Foram desenvolvidos diversos projetosde uma estrutura modelo onde se variou o tipo de perfil das cordas, o comprimento dosvãos, a geometria da seção transversal da treliça e a inclinação das diagonais. A partirdos resultados obtidos, realizou-se uma análise paramétrica buscando-se a solução queapresenta o menor peso estrutural dos vigamentos principais. Também foi realizado umestudo determinístico para dar apoio às decisões na escolha da melhor solução para osdiversos tipos de galpões de grandes dimensões estudados. Os resultados preliminaresobtidos indicam que a solução de cordas tubulares mistas, em partes selecionadas daestrutura, representa uma das soluções mais competitivas para este tipo de estrutura.
Social Smartphone Apps Do Not Capture Attention Despite Their Perceived High Reward Value
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Dora Jonas , Rusz Dorottya
Published: April 2019

Smartphones have been shown to distract people from their main tasks (e.g., studying, working), but the psychological mechanisms underlying these distractions are not clear yet. In a preregistered experiment (https://osf.io/g8kbu/), we tested whether the distracting nature of smartphones stems from their high associated (social) reward value. Participants (N = 117) performed a visual search task while they were distracted by (a) high social reward apps (e.g., Facebook app icon + notification sign), (b) low social reward apps (e.g., Facebook app icon), and (c) no social reward apps (e.g., Weather app icon). We expected that high social reward app icons would slow down search, especially when people were deprived of their smartphones. Surprisingly, high social reward (vs. low or no social reward) apps did not impair visual search performance, yet in a survey (N = 158) participants indicated to perceive these icons as more rewarding. Our results demonstrate that even if people perceive social smartphone apps as more rewarding than nonsocial apps, this may not manifest in behavior.
Citizenship and the Remains of Partition(s) in South Asia
Authors: Kumar Priya
Published: April 2019

This essay considers the fraught issue of clandestine migrations from East Pakistan/Bangladesh into India through a close reading of Prafulla Roy's Bengali short story “Stateless.” By drawing attention to the Indian state's slippery construction of the “illegal migrant” and to the increasingly constricting definition of Indian citizenship, I argue that the “illegal Bangladeshi” is a deeply unstable category, open to misuse and translation by different state actors/agencies. “Stateless” enables us to imagine the precarious existence of the sans papiers as de facto stateless persons and illustrates the importance of citizenship as legal status for those who don't have it.
Everyday Migrations
Authors: Mercado Jones Rebecca
Published: April 2019

In this essay I perform the banality of everyday migrations: commuting. Commuting is largely an inconsequential everyday experience until it is not. I begin by showing rather than telling a commute, then I far too swiftly discuss the toll the construction of I-75 had on the city of Detroit, MI, and finally I close the essay by connecting the personal with the common particularities of commuting. I explore commuting as a lived space, a something that is both ordinary and uncertain.
No Going Home
Authors: Rodriguez Amardo
Published: April 2019

In this essay I collapse and redefine our common notions of migrant and migration. I do this by exploring the different ways I epistemologically, existentially, relationally, spiritually, and pedagogically embody migration, and why I choose to identify as a migrant rather than an immigrant. Migration speaks to the fact that life evolves and flourishes through migration, that is, through the constant creation of new meanings, new narratives, and new experiences. Migration is what life demands of us. Destinations are nothing but illusions and delusions. Migration puts us in harmony with a world that is always moving and gyrating. It reminds us that the book of life has no final chapter.
Sosiologi Kurikulum Membuka Mata Mengenai Relasi Pengetahuan dan Kekuasaan
Authors: Subkhan Edi
Published: April 2019

Kaitan antara kurikulum dan berbagai kepentingan yang berasal dari masyarakat, dunia kerja, dan negara yang menimbulkan beberapa masalah dan kontroversi tersebut sejatinya menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum tidak dapat hanya dipahami sebagai hal teknis belaka. Terdapat dimensi lain, yakni dimensi sosial yang akan lebih memberikan gambaran utuh mengenai kurikulum sebagai ruang pertarungan banyak kepentingan. Di titik inilah, kehadiran perspektif sosial terhadap kurikulum sangat penting. Buku karya Rakhmat Hidayat (2011) berjudul “Pengantar Sosiologi Kurikulum” terbitan RajaGrafndo Persada jadi relevan kehadirannya. Buku yang diberi pengantar oleh dua sosiolog dan pedagog kritis, yakni Jean Louis Derouet dan Peter McLaren ini terhitung lengkap membahas pengertian dasar dan tema-tema sosiologi kurikulum bagi pembaca pemula.
A preliminary transcriptome analysis suggests a transitory effect of vitamin D on mitochondrial function in obese young Finnish subjects
Authors: Einarsdottir Elisabet , Pekkinen Minna , Krjutškov Kaarel , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha , Mäkitie Outi , Viljakainen Heli
Published: April 2019

Objective

The effect of vitamin D at the transcriptome level is poorly understood, and furthermore, it is unclear if it differs between obese and normal-weight subjects. The objective of the study was to explore the transcriptome effects of vitamin D supplementation.

Design and methods

We analysed peripheral blood gene expression using GlobinLock oligonucleotides followed by RNA sequencing in individuals participating in a 12-week randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled vitamin D intervention study. The study involved 18 obese and 18 normal-weight subjects (of which 20 males) with mean (±s.d.) age 20.4 (±2.5) years and BMIs 36 (±10) and 23 (±4) kg/m2, respectively. The supplemental daily vitamin D dose was 50 µg (2000 IU). Data were available at baseline, 6- and 12-week time points and comparisons were performed between the vitamin D and placebo groups separately in obese and normal-weight subjects.

Results

Significant transcriptomic changes were observed at 6 weeks, and only in the obese subjects: 1724 genes were significantly upregulated and 186 genes were downregulated in the vitamin D group compared with placebo. Further analyses showed several enriched gene categories connected to mitochondrial function and metabolism, and the most significantly enriched pathway was related to oxidative phosphorylation (adjustedPvalue 3.08 × 10−14). Taken together, our data suggest an effect of vitamin D supplementation on mitochondrial function in obese subjects.

Conclusions

Vitamin D supplementation affects gene expression in obese, but not in normal-weight subjects. The altered genes are enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial function. The present study increases the understanding of the effects of vitamin D at the transcriptome level.
Complex Trait Prediction from Genome Data: Contrasting EBV in Livestock to PRS in Humans
Authors: Wray Naomi R , Kemper Kathryn E , Hayes Benjamin J , Goddard Michael E , Visscher Peter M
Published: April 2019

Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in livestock and polygenic risk scores (PRS) in humans are conceptually similar; however, the between-species differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) provide a fundamental point of distinction that impacts approaches to data analyses...

In this Review, we focus on the similarity of the concepts underlying prediction of estimated breeding values (EBVs) in livestock and polygenic risk scores (PRS) in humans. Our research spans both fields and so we recognize factors that are very obvious for those in one field, but less so for those in the other. Differences in family size between species is the wedge that drives the different viewpoints and approaches. Large family size achievable in nonhuman species accompanied by selection generates a smaller effective population size, increased linkage disequilibrium and a higher average genetic relationship between individuals within a population. In human genetic analyses, we select individuals unrelated in the classical sense (coefficient of relationship <0.05) to estimate heritability captured by common SNPs. In livestock data, all animals within a breed are to some extent “related,” and so it is not possible to select unrelated individuals and retain a data set of sufficient size to analyze. These differences directly or indirectly impact the way data analyses are undertaken. In livestock, genetic segregation variance exposed through samplings of parental genomes within families is directly observable and taken for granted. In humans, this genomic variation is under-recognized for its contribution to variation in polygenic risk of common disease, in both those with and without family history of disease. We explore the equation that predicts the expected proportion of variance explained using PRS, and quantify how GWAS sample size is the key factor for maximizing accuracy of prediction in both humans and livestock. Last, we bring together the concepts discussed to address some frequently asked questions.
Geothermal Conditions and Petroleum Potential of the Tyumen and Malyshevka Formations of the West Siberian Basin
Authors: Kazanenkov V.A. , Kurchikov A.R. , Plavnik A.G. , Shaporina M.N.
Published: April 2019

—The paper considers present-day rock temperature distribution in the top of the Tyumen and Malyshevka Formations throughout the West Siberian sedimentary basin. A temperature variations map based on earlier and newly obtained data has been compiled for regional hydrocarbon reservoir Yu2. A forecast of the temperature variations in the Malyshevka Formation top has been made for the Arctic regions that have not been well studied with deep drilling. Analysis of hydrocarbon pools distribution within the Bathonian reservoir is presented.
The Structure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Fold Belt and the Problem of Recognition of the Amur Microcontinent
Authors: Gordienko I.V. , Metelkin D.V. , Vetluzhskikh L.I.
Published: April 2019

—The paper presents a new understanding of the geologic composition and geodynamic evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Fold Belt. It considers the issues related to recognition and substantiation of the Amur composite microcontinent (Amuria superterrane). We analyze the latest data on the geologic composition, age, and paleomagnetism of the Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic complexes, such as the Argun terrane and neighboring structures of Transbaikalia and Mongolia, as one of the key elements of Amuria. In particular, we have refined the age of a number of Precambrian and Paleozoic stratified and magmatic stages and demonstrated the absence of an Archean–Paleoproterozoic crystalline basement. Using a set of our own paleomagnetic and paleontological data, we have substantiated the equatorial position of the Argun terrane in the close proximity to Siberia at 560–525 Ma. The results of our study and the performed analysis of available geological data on the Argun terrane and neighboring Transbaikalia and Southeastern Asia territories point to the fallacy of previous arguments about the Amur composite microcontinent as a single tectonic unit, whose collision led to the formation of the folded structures of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt. This conclusion is of crucial importance for reconstructing the geodynamic evolution of the eastern part of the Central Asian Fold Belt in the Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi Strengthen the Beneficial Effects of Warming on the Growth of Gynaephora Menyuanensis Larvae
Authors: Kelu Chen  , Guoxi Shi  , Wenjing Chen  , Dangjun Wang  , Wenying Wang  , Zhen Ma  , Buqing Yao  , Huakun Zhou
Published: April 2019

Herbivores experience an unprecedented variously impacts of climate warming. Besides, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) also is influence on herbivores through their common host plants. Surprisingly, there are no reports about how AMF affect the responses of herbivores to warming. To close this gap, we conducted a two factors experiment to research the effects of warming, fungicide (AMF suppression), and their interaction on the development of Gynaephora menyuanensis larvae, an endemic generalist herbivore species in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and nitrogen content of Elymus nutans, which was the main food of G. menyuanensis. Warming significantly advanced the pupation time (PT), expanded the phenomena of protandry and increased the growth rate (GR) of G. menyuanensis larvae. Fungicide not affected the development of G. menyuanensis larvae, despite their negative effects on the content of E. nutans. Warming with fungicide decreased the GR of G. menyuanensis compared with warming treatment. In other words, AMF strengthen the beneficial effects of warming to G. menyuanensis. This study provides the first evidence of the impacts of AMF on the response of herbivore to warming.