bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SURVEY OF E-MAIL CLASSIFICATION: REVIEW AND OPEN ISSUES
Authors: Ghaleb Abdulkadhim Ekhlas , Abdulraheem Hayder Muqdad
Published: October 2023

Email is an economical facet of communication, the importance of which is increasing in spite of access to other approaches, such as electronic messaging, social networks, and phone applications. The business arena depends largely on the use of email, which urges the proper management of emails due to disruptive factors such as spams, phishing emails, and multi-folder categorization. The present study aimed to review the studies regarding emails, which were published during 2016-2020, based on the problem description analysis in terms of datasets, applications areas, classification techniques, and feature sets. In addition, other areas involving email classifications were identified and comprehensively reviewed. The results indicated four email application areas, while the open issues and research directions of email classifications were implicated for further investigation.
A WEARABLE MEDICAL MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM OF COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Mizher Rahma Melad , Dawood Salman Aymen
Published: October 2023

Currently, Corona-virus disease (COVID-19), one of the most infectious diseases in the 21st century, is a highly contagious viral infection with a severe impact on global health. It also affected the global economy very badly. This virus threatens human’s life, and it is necessary to design a monitoring device to monitor the patient’s health remotely to avoid the spread of infection to doctors or nurses. In this paper, a wearable device which contains two sensors are used to measure blood oxygenation, body temperature, and heart rate. Then send these readings to the server to analyze them and send warning notifications to the patient’s assistant phone to inform him of whether the oxygen level is low, the heart rate is irregular or the patient's temperature is high to perform a certain procedure to aid the patient.
Morpho-quantitative characteristics of cultivated musk yarrow (Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata)
Authors: Aiello Nicola , Fusani Pietro
Published: October 2023

With the aim to evaluate several different accessions of the aromatic specie Achillea erbarotta subsp. moschata the morphological and quantitative characteristics of five cultivated accessions deriving from Trentino-Alto Adige (namely, ‘Rifugio Larcher al Cevedale’, ‘Passo Manghen’, ‘Città Morta’, ‘Monte Fregasoga’, and ‘Malga Valmaggiore’) were compared for three years in a field trial situated at the Viote of Monte Bondone (ca. 1500 m a.s.l.) Trento, Italy. The parameters data were recorded in the second and third years, since in the first year the plants were at vegetative stage. The percentage of missing plants was lower (7.5% on average) in the second, but highest in the third year of cultivation (58% on average). As regards the morphological parameters, the best results were obtained by the ‘Monte Fregasoga’ accession (56.7 stems per plant and 17.5 flowers per corymb, mean of two years), while the worst by the ‘Malga Valmaggiore’ (29.9 stems per plant and 13.5 flowers per corymb, mean of two years). In terms of yield, the same accessions produced 38.5-20.4 g and 8.9-5.6 g on average of fresh and dried flowering aerial part per plant, respectively. Two investigated accessions are suitable as the object of a breeding program, or even immediately for cultivation
SERAPAN HARA TANAMAN KELAPA SAWIT DI LAHAN GAMBUT DESA SIJANG KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Wibianto Rizki Lambang , Hazriani Rini , Manurung Rinto
Published: October 2023

Kelapa sawit yang dibudidayakan di Kabupaten Sambas mempunyai produksi yang berbeda-beda di setiap lahan. Perbedaan produksi di setiap lahan di pengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi tanaman kelapa sawit adalah kondisi tanah dan unsur hara yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman agar tumbuh maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis kadar hara N, P, K, Mg, Cu dan Boron pada Satuan Peta Lahan yang sudah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan umur tanaman kelapa sawit dan  mengelompokannya dalam kategori defisiensi, optimum, dan berlebih, mengetahui serapan hara N, P, dan K pada tanaman kelapa sawit, dan memberikan rekomendasi pemupukan tanaman kelapa sawit di lokasi penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan sawit swadaya masyarakat Desa Sijang Kabupaten Sambas. Parameter penelitian yaitu Nitrogen, Fosfor, Kalium, Magnesium, Tembaga, dan Boron. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar hara N, P, K, Mg, Cu, dan Born  pada SPL 1 tergolong defisiensi sampai berlebih, SPL 2 tergolong defisiensi sampai berlebih, dan SPL 3 tergolong defisiensi sampai berlebih. Pada masing-masing SPL di Rekomendasikan dosis pemupukan N, P dan K untuk SPL 1 (Urea 7,5 kg/pohon/tahun, SP-36 0,5 kg/pohon/tahun, KCL 1,75 kg/pohon/tahun), SPL 2 (Urea 2,75 kg/pohon/tahun, SP-36 0,35 kg/pohon/tahun, KCL 3,75 kg/pohon/tahun), dan SPL 3 (Urea 9,5 kg/pohon/tahun, SP-36 1,1 kg/pohon/tahun, KCL 4,5 kg/pohon/tahun).
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN LAIS (Kryptopterus lais) DI PERAIRAN KAWASAN SEJEGI KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Authors: Pratiwi Ambar , SM Ahmad Mulyadi , Kurniadi Bambang
Published: October 2023

Perairan di Kawasan Sejegi memiliki kawasan hutan lindung yang mempengaruhi keberadaan jenis biota air. Perairan di kawasan Sejegi dimanfaatkan masyarakat sekitar sebagai sumber air, pertanian dan usaha keramba jaring apung. Kawasan ini juga menjadi habitat biota air salah satunya yaitu ikan lais (Kryptopterus lais). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Kawasan Sejegi Kabupaten Mempawah pada bulan Mei-Oktober 2022. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk menentukan beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi ikan lais (Kryptopterus lais) yang terdiri dari rasio kelamin, TKG (Tingkat Kematangan Gonad), IKG (Indeks Kematangan Gonad) dan Fekunditas. Pengambilan sampel ikan terdiri dari 3 stasiun dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian rasio kelamin secara keseluruhan adalah ikan jantan : betina adalah 51 : 44 ekor atau 1,2 : 1. Berdasarkan hitungan chi square menunjukkan hasil X² hitung (5.39) < X² tabel (7.81) yang berarti nilai tabel lebih besar dari nilai hitung, sehingga proporsi ikan jantan dan betina seimbang. Hasil pengamatan ikan lais  jantan maupun betina hanya diperoleh TKG I-IV, sedangkan TKG V tidak ditemukan. Nilai rata-rata IKG tertinggi ikan jantan ditemukan pada stasiun 3 sebesar 0,65% dan nilai IKG ikan jantan terendah ditemukan pada stasiun 2 sebesar 0,47%. Nilai rata-rata IKG tertinggi ikan betina ditemukan pada stasiun 3 sebesar 5,36% dan nilai IKG ikan betina terendah ditemukan pada stasiun 1 sebesar 4,90%. Hasil pengamatan fekunditas ikan lais pada tingkat kematangan gonad III-IV sebanyak 40 ekor diperoleh fekunditas berkisar antara 6581-20071 butir telur dengan rata-rata 11955 butir telur.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Di Desa Argo Mulyo Kecamatan Ketungau Tengah Kabupaten Sintang
Authors: Sudrajat Muhammad Irawan , Hazrani Rini , Ruliyansyah Agus
Published: October 2023

Evaluasi lahan adalah usaha penilaian suatu lahan untuk penggunaan tertentu. Kesesuaian lahan adalah tingkat kecocokan lahan untuk penggunaan tertentu. Kesesuaian lahan dapat dinilai pada keadaan sekarang dan yang akan datang setelah diperbaiki. Kesesuaian lahan sangat perlu diperhatikan dalam berbudidaya agar bisa agar mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Khususnya pada tanaman kelapa sawit, walaupun kelapa sawit dapat tumbuh pada keadaan lahan yang ada, tetapi setiap tanaman memiliki karakter yang membutuhkan persyaratan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesesuaian lahan tanaman kelapa sawit di wilayah Desa Argo Mulyo Kecamatan Ketungau Tengah Kabupaten Sintang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dan matching. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara pengambilan sampel tanah di lapangan yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis di Laboratorium. Kegiatan ini meliput empat tahap yaitu : Persiapan, Kegiatan lapangan, Analisis Laboratorium dan Pengolahan data pembuatan peta dan penyusunan laporan. Penelitian ini memiliki parameter fisika dan kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelas kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk tanaman kelapa sawit di daerah penelitian yaitu Kelas N1f(tidak sesuai) dan untuk kelas kesesuaian potensial pada lokasi penelitian S1 (sangat sesuai) lokasi penelitian pada SPT 1 dan SPT 2 memiliki luasan 100 ha.
EFEKTIVITAS HERBISIDA CAMPURAN CYHALOFOP-BUTYL DAN PYRIBENZOXIM TERHADAP GULMA Spenochlea zeylanica, Leptochloa chinensis, dan Fimbristylis milliacea
Authors: Indriani Fitri , Sarbino Sarbino , Syahputra Edy
Published: October 2023

Pencampuran herbisida dengan dua atau lebih jenis bahan aktif dapat memperluas spektrum pengendalian gulma. Campuran herbisida satu bahan aktif dengan bahan aktif yang lain dapat menunjukkan respons yang bersifat antagonis atau tidak antagonis. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat efektivitas herbisida campuran berbahan aktif cyhalofop-butyl dan pyribenzoxim terhadap gulma Spenochlea zeylanica, Leptochloa chinensis, dan Fimbristylis milliacea. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2021 di rumah plastik dan Laboratorium Pestisida Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan beberapa taraf dosis perlakuan dan diulang 5 kali. Perlakuan herbisida cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/l EC diuji pada dosis (0; 1,875; 3,75; 7,5; 15; 30; 50) l/ha, herbisida pyribenzoxim 50 g/l EC diuji pada dosis (0; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64) l/ha, dan herbisida campuran cyhalofop-butyl dan pyribenzoxim 60/25 g/l EC diuji pada dosis (0; 1,875; 3,75; 7,5; 15; 30) l/ha. Analisis data menggunakan analisis sidik ragam dan analisis probit menggunakan program SAS dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan indeks kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa herbisida campuran cyhalofop-butyl dan pyribenzoxim efektif dalam mengendalikan gulma Spenochlea zeylanica dimulai pada dosis 3,75 l/ha (P2) dengan persen kematian 60,48%, gulma Leptochloa chinensis dimulai pada dosis 1,875 l/ha (P1) dengan persen kematian 56,92%, dan gulma Fimbristylis milliacea dimulai pada dosis 15 l/ha (P4) dengan persen kematian 58,56%. Pencampuran herbisida cyhalofop-butyl dan pyribenzoxim dengan nilai indeks kombinasi sebesar 0,85 (IK ≤ 1) sehingga kedua jenis herbisida campuran tersebut bersifat tidak antagonis.
PENGARUH SEGMENTASI TARGETING DAN POSITIONING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN VOLUME PENJUALAN MOBIL MEREK PAJERO SPORT DI PT. BOSOWA BERLIAN MOTOR KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Basri Basri , Burhanuddin  , Muh. Ichwan Musa  , Romansyah Sahabuddin  , Zainal Ruma
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of segmentation, targeting and positioning on increasing sales volume. The data collection technique was carried out by means of interviews and questionnaires to consumers who bought Pajero sports cars at PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor, Makassar City, with a population of 227 people and a sample of 70 people. The method used is multiple linear regression using the SPSS application. The test used in this research is instrument test. Based on the results of this study using multiple linear regression analysis, the regression equation Y= 17.331+0.475.X1+(-0.365).X2+0.288.X3+e. The indicators in this study are valid and the variables are reliable. As for the classical assumption, it is said that all indicators are declared normally distributed and have a significant linear correlation value between each independent variable and the dependent variable, on the magnitude of the influence of Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning each of which has a positive direction and some are negative as well as significant in its influence on the increase in sales volume of Mitsubishi Pajero Sport brand cars at PT. Bosowa Berlian Motor Makassar City.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN KOMITMEN KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PT. SEMEN INDONESIA UNIT TONASA DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP
Authors: Alamsyah Thoriq Khatam , Romansyah Sahabuddin  , Ahmad Ali  , Zainal Ruma  , Uhud Darmawan Natsir
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of compensation, work commitment on employee job satisfaction, this study uses primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the managers of PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Unit Tonasa with a population of 138 people and a sample of 103 people. The multiple analysis method using the SPSS application used in this study is an instrument test. This study used a quantitative approach and was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 25 data processing to prove three hypotheses. The results of this study prove that the compensation variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction, t count > ttable, which is 3.195 > from T table of 1.983. The commitment variable has a significant effect on job satisfaction because the tcount > ttable is where 2.916 > 1.983. Based on the results of this study it is also known that the independent variables jointly or simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable, namely the performance of employees at PT. Semen Indonesia Unit Tonasa in Pangkep Regency. Therefore, if work motivation and compensation continue to be improved, then of course it will improve employee performance to be more optimal.
PENGARUH ESENSI PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL MEREK MITSUBISHI XPANDER PADA PT. BOSOWA DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Rahmah Siti , Romansyah Sahabuddin  , Muh. Ichwan Musa  , Zainal Ruma  , Uhud Darmawan Natsir
Published: October 2023

This study aims to (1) determine the effect of brand awareness on purchasing decisions, (2) determine the effect of brand loyalty on purchasing decisions, (3) determine the influence of brand awareness and brand loyalty jointly on purchasing decisions at PT.Bosowa in Makassar city . The data used in this study are primary and secondary data with a total sample of 83 respondents. This study used a quantitative approach and was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 25 data processing to prove three hypotheses. The results of this study prove that the Brand Awereness variable has a significant effect on Purchase Decisions with the value of t count > t table where 2.871 > from T table of 1.664. The brand loyalty variable has a significant effect on purchasing decisions because the value of t count > t table is where 2.872 > 1.664. Based on the results of this study it is also known that the independent variables jointly or simultaneously have a significant effect on the dependent variable, namely the purchase decision at PT.Bosowa in Makassar City. Therefore, if Brand Awereness and Brand loyalty are continuously improved, then of course it will improve purchasing decisions to be more optimal.
PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PADA PERUSAHAAN AIR MINUM TIRTA MANGKALUKU KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Salju
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine how training variables can affect employee productivity. The respondents in this study were 76 employees of the Tirta Mangkaluku Drinking Water Company. Data collection was carried out using the observation, interview and questionnaire methods, the data analysis method used was simple linear regression analysis using IBM (SPPS) V.24 assistance and hypothesis testing using the t test, the results of the Simple Linear Regression Analysis showed that Training affects Productivity Employee 0.835 means, if the training variable increases by 0.835 then employee productivity will increase linearly by 0.835, while the results of the t test research show that the independent variable namely Training (X) partially has a significant effect on Employee Productivity (Y), seen from the calculation t test obtained t-count 13.672 > t-table 1.66600. The implication of this research is the importance of companies providing training to improve the quality and competitiveness of their employees so that their productivity is maintained
PENGARUH PELATIHAN, BUDAYA ORGANISASI, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI DI KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA BANGKALAN
Authors: Lailly Nur , Sundjoto  , Rahayu Sri
Published: October 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of training, organizational culture, and work environment on employee productivity at work.

The sample in this study were 79 employees at the Bangkalan Tax Service Office. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The data processing application uses SPSS version 20.

The results show that simultaneously by using the F test, the variables between training, organizational culture, and work environment affect employee work productivity, while partially by using the t test, training variables, organizational culture, and work environment has a significant effect on employee work productivity at KPP Pratama Bangkalan
PENGARUH PENGEMBANGAN KARIR, PELATIHAN KERJA, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA BANGKALAN
Authors: Dewi Oktavina Kurnia , Sundjoto  , Rahayu Sri
Published: October 2023

This study aims to examine the influence of career development, job training, and compensation on employee morale at work.

The sample in this study were 79 employees at the Bangkalan Tax Service Office. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression. The data processing application uses SPSS version 20.

The results show that simultaneously the variables between career development, job training, and compensation affect employee morale, while partially the variables career development, job training, and compensation have a significant effect on employee morale at KPP Pratama Bangkalan
Insinuation of Arrhenius Energy and Solar Radiation on Electrical Conducting Williamson Nano Fluids Flow with Swimming Microorganism: Completion of Buongiorno's Model
Authors: Jawad Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The enriched thermal mechanisms and progressive of nanomaterial has enthused scientists to give devotion to this area in current days. The versatile and synthesizing utilization of such particles embrace energy production, solar systems, heating and cooling monitoring processes, renewable energy systems, cancer treatments, hybrid-powered motors and Nano electronics. Furthermore, in this era of biotechnology and bioengineering, the bio convection of Nano fluids provides for some enthralling applications, such as enzymes, biosensors and biofuels. With such magnetic applications and attentions. A mathematical model is presented for evaluating the electrical conducting Williamson nano fluid with heat and mass transfer over a porous stretched sheet  in the existence of bioconvection. The bioconvection of swimming microorganisms, thermal radiation,thermal conductivity and Arrhenius energy are new facets of this investigation. The higher order non-linear governing partial differential equations (PDEs)  are solved by applying appropriate similarity variables and resulting couple of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is produced. The developing set of ODEs is solved numerically by utilizing well known shooting technique with  ND solve command in Wolfram MATHEMATICA and compare the result with pvb4c code in MATLAB. The graphs for different physical quantities of interest together with non-dimension velocity, temperature, concentration and density of micro-organisms profiles are discovered for involving parameters like .magnetic parameter, Brownian motion, Rayleigh number, Peclet number,  Bioconvective Lewis number, parameter of thermophoresis and buoyancy ratio parameter. The influence of numerous parameters on flow and heat transfer characteristics are debated.
Structural, Electrical and Optical Studies of ZnxCu1-xS (x = 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2) Nanoparticles
Authors: M. Rose Moly , Christy R. Sheela , Benitta T. Asenath , Kumaran J. Thampi Thanka
Published: October 2023

ZnxCu1-xS (x = 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2) nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted chemical precipitation method. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X ray diffraction, SEM and TEM analysis to study the crystal structure, size and surface morphology. The energy dispersed x-ray analysis confirms the presence of Zinc, Copper and Sulphur in proper ratio. The D.C. electrical resistance was measured in the temperature range 300K-500K. All the samples show phase transition above a particular temperature. UV, PL and Raman spectra of all the samples were compared and studied.
Electroexcitation Form Factors and Deformation of 20,22Ne Isotopes Based on the Shell Model and Hartree-Fock plus BCS Calculations
Authors: Alswaidawi Omar A. , Alzubadi Ali
Published: October 2023

Nuclear structure of 20,22Ne isotopes has been studied via the shell model with Skyrme-Hartree-Fock calculations. In particular, the transitions to the low-lying positive and negative parity excited states have been investigated within three shell model spaces; sd for positive parity states, spsdpf large-basis (no-core), and zbme model spaces for negative parity states. Excitation energies, reduced transition probabilities, and elastic and inelastic form factors were estimated and compared to the available experimental data. Skyrme interaction was used to generate a one-body potential in the Hartree-Fock calculations for each selected excited states, which is then used to calculate the single-particle matrix elements. Skyrme interaction was used to calculate the radial wave functions of the single-particle matrix elements, from which a one-body potential in Hartree-Fock theory with SLy4 parametrization can be generated. Furthermore, we have explored the interplays among neutron and proton density profiles in two dimensions, along with the deformations of 20,22Ne using Hartree-Fock plus BCS calculations.
Improvement of the Shielding Effectiveness of PMMA/MWCNTs/Ag Hybrid Composite for X-Band Application
Authors: Alawi Badiaa Ismal , Ali Nadia Abbas
Published: October 2023

Herein, the PMMA/MWCNT/Ag hybrid composite films are prepared by solvent casting method to be used in an electrical application. The AC conductivity and dielectric characteristics have been investigated at room temperature. The electrical conductivity of the hybrid composite reaches a percolation critical concentration of 2.14×10-4 S/cm by Ag doping. For all PMMA/MWCNT/Ag hybrid composites, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant decreases as the frequency area widens. As the concentrations of MWCNT and Ag increase, the AC conductivity exhibits an increasing trend. The MWCNT and Ag content was found to significantly affect the SE of the given composites. A high electromagnetic (EM) shielding efficiency (SE) was achieved between 8.2 and 12.4 GHz (X-band). The highest EM attenuation of 18 dB at 12 GHz was achieved using 0.5 wt% MWCNT and Ag. The thermal analysis of the formed PMMA/MWCNT/Ag hybrid composites showed that exothermic reactions with the greatest weight loss took place between 200°C and 300°C. FESEM show that PMMA/MWCNT/Ag hybrid composites had  uniform dispersion of the  carbon  nano tube  and silver particles within the PMMA matrix .
Study of MgO Under Pressure Structural and Electronic Properties
Authors: Benkrima Yamina , Achouri Abderrahim , Belfennache Djamel , Yekhlef Radhia , Hocine Naim
Published: October 2023

In this study, the Density Function Theory (DFT), Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and Local Density Approximation (LDA) were used, based on the Siesta code, in order to study the magnesium oxide compound (MgO) and focus on the (B4) Wurtzite phase. This is to find the primary cell constants and energy gap at 0 pressure, which are consistent with previous results. The effect of pressure on the energy gap and the size of the primary cell as well as the dielectric constant were studied. The study also revealed that the (B4) phase can move to the (B2) phase at the pressure of 45.86 GPa and from the h-MgO phase to the (B2) phase at 70 GPa.
Calculation of the Total Current Generated in a Tunnel Diode Under the Action of Microwave and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Gulyamov Gafur , Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Dadamirzaev Mukhamadjon G. , Turgunov Nozimjon A. , Uktamova Munira K. , Fayzullaev Kakhramon M. , Khudayberdiyeva Arofat I. , Tursunov Alisher I.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a formula was derived for calculating the total current generated in a tunnel diode under the action of a microwave field and a magnetic field. In addition, the dependence of the total current of the tunnel diode on the total power induced by the microwave field is theoretically presented and compared with experimental data. For the total current in the tunnel diode, without taking into account the excess current, volt-ampere characteristics was obtained for cases with and without the influence of a microwave field.
Properties of “Higher Manganese Silicide-Silicon” Heterostructure
Authors: Kurbonaliev Kobiljon K. ugli , Zikrillaev Nurulla F. , Khusanov Akhmadjon Z.
Published: October 2023

Based on the diffusion technology, many scientists and specialists have conducted research on obtaining materials that are fundamentally different in electrical and photo-thermal parameters from the original material by introducing various input atoms into semiconductor materials and creating deep energy levels in their band gap. The electrical, photoelectric, optical, and magnetic properties of these semiconductor materials have been extensively studied with metal group elements, isovalent elements, and rare earth elements added to silicon through the process of growth, ion implantation, or diffusion from the gaseous state. The technology of introducing impurity atoms into silicon by the diffusion method is distinguished from other methods in its simplicity, energy efficiency, and low cost. Up-to-date, the technology of changing the resistivity and conductivity of the initial sample by diffusion of manganese atoms into single-crystal silicon is studied insufficiently. In the article, it was determined that when manganese atoms diffuse into silicon, a high-manganese silicide is formed on its surface and in the near-surface layer. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, the thermal EMF (electromotive force) in Mn4Si7-Si --Mn4Si7  structures in a certain temperature range and under illumination (with monochromatic or integrated light) is explained by the fact that it based on the Pelte effect, observed in semiconductors.The volt-ampere characteristics (VAC) of the obtained structures were measured at various temperatures, in the dark and in the light. Formation of a boundary layer with high resistivity at the boundary of the higher manganese-silicon transition, the transition from higher manganese silicide to the base of the structure due to the effect of ionization of pores during illumination of structures and external influence. The applied field was clarified based on VAC results. The manganese high silicide layer formed on the silicon surface has the properties of a semiconductor, and the formation of a heterojunction upon transition to silicon is shown on the basis of the sphere diagram.
Investigation the Structural Influences of Silver Oxide Addition in the Bioactive Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Hussian Ruqaya H. , Mahdi Dunia K.
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the impact of varying concentrations of silver oxide on the structure and morphology of phosphate bioactive glass (PBG). PBGs are gaining popularity as a potential replacement for traditional silicate glasses in biomedical applications due to their adjustable chemical resistance and exceptional bioactivity. Upon examination of the scanning electron microscope of the composites without Ag2O, it was observed that the grains tended to merge together, and the surface particles appeared to be larger than those in composites with Ag2O at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt%. The study found that the diffraction pattern of phosphate bioactive glass composites sintered without Ag2O showed the presence of Strontium di-phosphate and Calcium di-phosphate. The XRD pattern of these composites without Ag2O revealed specific planes that corresponded to both types of di-phosphate. However, when Ag2O was added, a new cubic phase was detected, and the intensity of the calcium and strontium diphosphate increased with higher Ag2O content. The XRD pattern of the composites with Ag2O displayed specific planes that corresponded to Ag2O. In other words, the absence of Ag2O in the composite material led to larger particle sizes and less distinct boundaries between grains. In addition, it has been found that, as the concentration of Ag2O increased from 0 to 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt%, the average crystallite size decreased from 36.2 to 31.7, 31.0, and 32.8 nm, respectively. These results suggest that the addition of Ag2O can effectively reduce the average crystallite size of the composite materials. Also, as the concentration of Ag2O increased from 0 g to 0.5 wt% within the composite material, the average lattice strain increased from 3.41·10-3 to 4.40·10-3. In simpler terms, adding Ag2O to the composite material resulted in a slight increase in the average lattice strain.
Multiparameter Control of Energy Characteristics of Waveguide-Cavity Resonator-Slot Radiators
Authors: Blinova Natalya K. , Nesterenko Mikhail V. , Katrich Viktor A.
Published: October 2023

The problem of connecting three electrodynamic volumes with ideally conducting walls through electrically narrow rectilinear connecting slots and a radiating slot is solved by the generalized method of induced magnetomotive forces (MMF). The solution is obtained in an analytical form, taking into account the finite thickness of the walls of the connected volumes. The volumes are an infinite rectangular waveguide excited by a fundamental wave, a rectangular cavity resonator, and a half-space above an infinite plane. The energy characteristics of this system have been comprehensively studied depending on the geometric parameters of the constituent elements of the structure under consideration.
Dosimetric Evaluation Study of 10-MV FFF Used in SBRT for Lung Tumours
Authors: Soliman Mohamed I. , Attia Wahib M. , Elshahat Khaled M.
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The objective of this research was to conduct a comparative and dosimetric analysis of three different radiotherapy techniques used in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), the three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), using a 10 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam. Materials and methods: The present study employed computed tomography (CT) images of a humanoid phantom for the purpose of treatment planning. The gross tumour volumes (GTVs) delineated in both the central and peripheral positions of the lungs. The determination of Planning Target Volumes (PTVs) involved the addition of a margin of 0.5 cm to the Gross Tumour Volume (GTV). Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans produced employing a 10-megavolt (MV) flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam. The calculation of dosage for all plans Performed using the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA). Results: IMRT and VMAT had better PTV dose conformation than 3DCRT for both central and peripheral targets. PTV conformity improved in VMAT compared to IMRT, and CI values were acceptable for VMAT, IMRT, and 3DCRT plans. VMAT plans had slightly better CI than IMRT, with better results in peripheral lung PTVs compared to central PTVs. VMAT and IMRT are superior for treating HDV and D2cm, with lower HDV for peripheral lung tumours. Both 3DCRT and IMRT improved outcomes for peripheral lung PTVs, while VMAT was better for central lung PTVs. The former proved better with less low lung doses and improved D2cm results. 3DCRT plans demonstrated higher precision in dose distribution than VMAT and IMRT plans, with superior average GI values. VMAT and IMRT had higher HI, Dmax, and D2% than 3DCRT. VMAT plans compared to IMRT plans, with similar HI values for central lung PTVs. VMAT better spares OARs than other techniques, but V20 and V30 lung doses were lower with 3DCRT. VMAT increases lung dose, but OAR stays below thresholds.

Conclusion: The investigation found that all three treatment techniques can deliver SBRT plans that meet RTOG dose constraints. However, VMAT is a better treatment strategy than IMRT and 3DCRT for both peripheral and central lung PTVs, based on dosimetric indices like CI, D2cm, HI, and HDV. The study found that 3DCRT improves dosimetric indices, especially gradient index (GI), more than VMAT. Despite the need for more monitor units (MUs) in VMAT plans, treatment time reduced due to faster gantry velocity and higher dose rates (2400cGy/min) via free flatting filter energy.
EFL Students’ Translation Strategy of Narrative Text of English Language Education Study Program
Authors: Anisah Lina , Basri La Ode Muhammad Idrus Hamid
Published: October 2023

This research aimed to investigate the translation strategies employed by 5th semester students of the English Language Study Program at Sembilanbelas November Kolaka University when translating narrative texts. The authors sought to understand the students' approaches to translating these texts, as well as identify the errors they made throughout the process. By doing so, the authors hoped to provide valuable insights to students regarding the most effective translation strategies and assist them in recognizing and correcting their translation errors. A qualitative research design was utilized to examine the translation strategies of narrative texts. Data collection involved a translation test taken by 30 students, which served as the foundation for the authors' analysis. Based on the findings, the authors concluded that the students mainly implemented three translation strategies to translate narrative texts. The first strategy was literal translation which was used 84% of the time. Literal translation strategy means that the translators translate texts as is. The second strategy that was linguistic amplification. It was used 2.41% of the time. Linguistic amplification is a translation strategy where translators add more details into the TL. The third strategy that was used was generalization at 2.29%. Using this strategy means that the translators decide to use the general term of a word instead of translating it specifically based on the SL. The authors also found out that the most common errors that the students made while translating the texts they were given was incorrect word errors. In other words, the students incorrectly translated the words from the SL to the TL which may cause confusion for the readers. By doing this research it is expected become an insight about language teaching especially on the translation related to translation strategi that used to translate. The appropriate implementation of translation method in translating process will produce accurate translation. The findings of this study underscore the importance of providing targeted instruction on translation strategies for EFL students. By doing so, educators can help students develop the skills and knowledge necessary to produce high-quality translations that effectively convey the meaning and nuances of the source text.
Investigating The Relationship Between University Students’ Perceptions of Themselves as Writers and Their Writing Performance
Authors: Beleta Dejene Mendera , Kebede Seime
Published: October 2023

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between EFL students’ perceptions of themselves as writers and their writing performances in an EFL setting with particular reference to first-year undergraduate students at Dire Dawa University, Ethiopian. To the researcher’s best knowledge, how EFL students perceive themselves as writers when writing in English and its relationship and influence on their writing performance was an undiscovered area in the Ethiopian tertiary level contexts. The study used a mixed method research approach of correlational design. As a result, data for the study were collected using questionnaires, writing tests, and interviews, and were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between students’ perceptions of themselves as writers and their writing performances though there is no statistically significant relationship between these two variables. The research results also revealed that students had average perceptions of themselves as writers and their writing performance was found low. Moreover, the results of the study show that students writing performance is influenced by their general progress and physiological state. Generally, it was understood that students’ perceptions of themselves as writers have a positive relationship, and influence on their writing performance levels.
Students’ Perceptions of a Blended Course and its Effectiveness at a Mongolian University
Authors: Namjildorj Oyuntsetseg , Buyandelger Munkhtuya , Tserendorj Azzaya
Published: October 2023

Blended learning has been considered one of the modern delivery modes of teaching and learning since the COVID-19 pandemic outreach. Although e-learning has been developing in most countries, its importance and needs were highly acknowledged by all educational organizations worldwide during COVID-19. All educational institutions worldwide run online or blended courses at some stage of their training. Regarding temporary demands such as the pandemic, learners had to study through online learning, and now it has become one of their regular learning modes. Meanwhile, educational institutions and their stakeholders were experiencing both online and blended programs and were provided opportunities to compare different delivery methods. Therefore, blended learning and teaching have become a more profitable way of teaching, especially in higher education. This article investigates the student’s perceptions of blended learning and its effectiveness based on the case of a Mongolian university. To achieve this goal, we conducted qualitative and quantitative research. The survey included 182 students from first-year to senior year to identify the challenges they faced, the experiences they gained, and their evaluation of the blended courses they enrolled in. The research questions were created on Google form, data was electronic via emails, and focused group interviews were conducted simultaneously. As a result of the survey, it has been revealed that there are several benefits and advantages to blended courses in the tertiary education sector of Mongolia. However, key factors such as the learning styles of Mongolian students, appropriate learning environment and course design, access to technology, and effective organization should be improved in the future in order to run the blended courses successfully.
Factors Influencing Teachers’ Motivation of English as a Foreign Language Instructors
Authors: Fidan Cigdem
Published: October 2023

In education, the concern is often on students’ motivation for learning. However, motivation for teaching is also critical because teachers’ involvement, excitement, and motivation in the teaching process correlatively help students’ learning process. Applying a mixed-method research design, this study examines teachers’ motivation of English as a foreign language instructors working at public universities in the Southeast region of Turkey. An adapted Attitude of Motivation Test Battery was applied to 40 English as a foreign language instructors. Moreover, semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 participants, 5 classroom observations, and teacher diaries written by 2 participants were used to gather qualitative data. While Statistical Package of Social Sciences 15.0 was used to analyze quantitative data, content analysis was applied to analyze data gathered through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and teacher diaries. The results show that there are internal and external factors influencing teachers’ motivation. The results also show that despite the negative influence of some external factors on teachers’ motivation, instructors showed enthusiastic attitudes while teaching English. Therefore, the study suggests establishing professional standards and better physical conditions in and around the teaching contexts to increase the teachers’ motivation of English as a foreign language instructors teaching at public universities.
A Study on Teacher Professionalism in Teaching English After Pandemic
Authors: Ilyas Khairunnisya , Weda Sukardi , Halim Abdul
Published: October 2023

This comprehensive qualitative study delves into the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on teacher professionalism, particularly in the domain of English language teaching (ELT) in Indonesian senior high schools. Teachers hold a pivotal role in any education system, with their professionalism gauged by the mastery of certain competencies and skills tailored to meet the demands of the teaching profession. In the realm of foreign language education, the overarching goal is to equip learners with essential communication skills, necessitating the design of classroom activities that encourage learners to express themselves effectively through language. The onset of the pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to this goal, forcing a rapid transition to online and offline hybrid learning models and demanding flexibility and innovation from teachers. This study, conducted at MAN 2 Parepare in 2022, explores how English teachers responded to these challenges, analyzing their teaching strategies and techniques to maintain the quality of education amidst this turbulent period. The study identified four primary strategies employed by teachers - expository, inquiry, contextual teaching and learning, and problem-based instruction. Teachers adapted these methods to foster an engaging learning environment that caters to the unique challenges posed by the pandemic, such as virtual classrooms and social distancing measures. The study reveals not only the teachers' adaptability and resilience but also their commitment to nurturing their students' linguistic abilities, even in times of crisis. Furthermore, the study uncovers the difficulties faced by these professionals, providing a clear picture of the pressing need for targeted support and professional development initiatives in these exceptional circumstances. The findings of this research have broad implications for policymakers and educators alike, highlighting the importance of fostering teacher professionalism and adaptability in the face of adversities and contributing to the ongoing discourse on effective English language teaching during a global pandemic.
The Role of Target Culture in English Language Education: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Mohamed Anes , Farahani Ali
Published: October 2023

This research inquired into the ways in which EFL teachers think of the role of target culture in English language education. Of special interest in this research was the issue of whether teaching the target culture is seen as important when it comes to English language learning and teaching in EFL contexts or not. Equally important was the question of whose target culture is taught. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten EFL teachers at different language institutes: five were from Khartoum, Sudan and five from Tehran, Iran. The interview questions, which were formulated after extensive reading of germane literature, explored themes related to culture and its role in English language education. The main and most important finding of the research indicates that EFL teachers think that it is necessary to teach elements of the target culture that are not at odds with their local cultures. Another related finding is that the target culture is conceptualized in monolithic terms and is equated with American and British cultures.
Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Writing Analytical Exposition Text
Authors: Hardianti Hardianti , Jabu Baso , Salija Kisman
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study is to assess the proficiency of students' critical thinking skills in composing analytical exposition texts, as well as to examine their perceptions regarding the development of critical thinking skills in this particular writing genre. The research employed a descriptive qualitative methodology, utilizing data gathering instruments such as observations and interviews. A study was undertaken at SMA Negeri 4 Gowa Regency during the academic year of 2021/2022. The participants in this study consisted of 30 students enrolled in the class XI MIA 3 during the second semester. However, for the purpose of data collection, the researchers selected a subset of 15 students by purposive sampling for interviews. The findings of this study suggest that students frequently commit errors when it comes to utilizing generic structures and language elements in their written analytic exposition texts. Based on the identified faults, the researcher saw that a majority of the students exhibited deficiencies in adhering to the prescribed guidelines of the analytical exposition text. Furthermore, it was noted that critical thinking skills were not adequately incorporated in the writing sessions conducted within this particular class. The observed phenomenon can be attributed to the insufficient comprehension and instruction provided to students within the educational setting, hindering the development of critical skills. Additionally, the absence of thought-provoking inquiries posed by educators may impede students' progress in enhancing their critical thinking abilities. Based on the analysis and observations conducted, the researcher has reached the conclusion that the students of class XI MIA 3 at SMA Negeri 4 Kabupaten Gowa demonstrate a moderate degree of critical thinking skills, as assessed by the critical thinking characteristics outlined by Facione (Facione, 2013).
Comparison of the effectiveness of substitution therapy preparations in bronchopneumonia of calves
Authors: Trebukhov A. V. , Bagina V. O. , Demeneva A. E.
Published: October 2023

The results of research on the methods of bronchopneumonia treatment of young cattle are presented. It is noted that the disease is associated with the effect of a number of different etiological conditions (lower air temperature, air humidification, and air pollution, etc.) on the animal's body. Bronchopneumonia of calves is registered at livestock complexes in cold and wet seasons as a seasonal disease. In this regard, the development of effective treatment schemes for this pathology is an urgent task. The effectiveness of the use of substitution therapy preparations in the treatment of bronchopneumonia of calves was studied. The study was conducted at a farm in the Altai Territory in the autumn period. For realization of this experiment two equal groups (experimental and control) of 5 calves in each were formed according to the principle of analogies. The treatment regimen for both groups included Resflor and Loxic 2% preparations. Calves of the control group received VitOkey as a substitution therapy, the experimental group – Vitam. Clinical signs and blood morphologic analysis were evaluated during the experiment. Clinical examination of the calves showed the following signs: elevated body temperature, wheezing, coughing, foci of blunting in the lungs in the anterior and posterior lobes, apathy, nasal discharge, loss of appetite, erythropenia (up to (4.6 ± 0.2) × 1012/l), leukocytosis (up to (16.5 ± 0.6) × 109/l), increased ECR (up to 1.2 ± 0.1 mm/h), neutrophilic leukocytosis with a leftward shift of the nucleus, and monocytopenia. By the 5th day of treatment, the calves of the experimental group had no pulmonary rales, coughing, and the body temperature was within normal limits. On the 7th day, there was an increase in erythrocytes ((6.4 ± 0.3) × 1012/l), a decrease in leukocytes ((10.6 ± 0.3) × 109/l) and ESR (0.4 ± 0.1 mm/h). The use of vitamin-amino acid complex in complex therapy of bronchopneumonia of calves reduces the duration and severity of the course of the disease.