bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Waktu Dan Temperatur Polimerisasi Pada Pembuatan Poly(Lactic) Acid (PLA) Dengan Metode Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP)
Authors: Darni Yuli
Published: December 2024

Poly(Lactic) Acid (PLA) disintesis menggunakan metode Ring-Opening Polymerization dengan tujuan mendapatkan waktu dan temperatur yang optimum. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu prepolimerisasi asam laktat, depolimerisasi pembentukan laktida dan pembukaan cincin laktida dengan variasi waktu 2 dan 4 jam dan temperatur 120C dan 140C. Hasil uji identifikasi FTIR menunjukkan belum ada sampel yang memenuhi bilangan gugus fungsi PLA standar, namun hasil yang mendekati PLA standar yaitu sampel Run2 pada waktu polimerisasi 2 jam dan temperatur 140C, pola spektrum FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus hidroksil (OH) pada bilangan gelombang 3377,0 cm-1, CH3 pada 2989,3 cm-1, gugus karbonil (CO) pada 1729,5 cm-1, dan gugus eter (COC) pada 1215,1 cm-1. Massa molekul PLA sintesis yaitu 9117,327 gram/mol diukur dengan menggunakan Viskometer Ostwald, massa molekul yang didapatkan belum memenuhi PLA standar
Автоматизация пожаротушения в России
Authors: Гатауллин Ринат
Published: December 2024

В данном препринте рассматривается актуальная проблема автоматизации систем пожаротушения в России, с акцентом на современные технологии и их внедрение в различных отраслях. Пожарная безопасность является одной из ключевых задач для защиты жизни и имущества, и автоматизация процессов тушения пожаров может значительно повысить эффективность реагирования на чрезвычайные ситуации.
Данный препринт может быть полезен специалистам в области пожарной безопасности, инженерам, разработчикам технологий, а также государственным органам, занимающимся вопросами защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций.
The concept of the “dry port” and the prospects for such an object development in the Russian Far East
Authors: Mars Roman Sergeevich , Sylko Aleksandra Sergeevna
Published: December 2024

The development of international trade is directly linked to seaports and contributes to the economic growth of the regions where they are located. With the growth of trade turnover, it is ports that become logistics centers for cargo transportation, as well as a point of concentration of production and related services, which increases the attractiveness of regions for investment. But there is another side to this phenomenon – the congestion of terminals with cargo. Due to the modern conditions of globalization of transport processes, there is a need to revise approaches and more rational planning of logistics infrastructure activities both in Russia and in other countries. An important issue is the maintenance of the transport and logistics infrastructure against the background of an ever-growing volume of traffic. At the same time, cargo flows annually change their direction, range, become busier, etc. There is a way out of the current problem in global logistics with the congestion of seaports – this is the construction of a specialized terminal that does not require direct sea access, providing services for the storage, transportation and processing of goods – “dry port”. It is stated that the ability of seaports to process cargo will increase, and reconstruction costs will be minimal. Such ports can be an effective solution for countries that are landlocked or have sufficient maritime space. They allow you to save resources (finances, time) by transporting goods directly from the internal regions of the country to the world market. The prospects for the construction and development of the “dry port” as an object of the transport and logistics infrastructure of the Far East are discussed.
Solving the problem of optimizing the transport system fishing area maintenance
Authors: Kiseleva Elena Vital'evna , Belyanin Nikita Evgen'evich , Valkov Vladimir Evgen'evich , Strashko Viktoriya Evgen'evna
Published: December 2024

The conditions of possible ways to improve the transport and logistics support of fishing activities are considered. The organization of the work of the fishing fleet in a fishing expedition is described. The general scheme of the functioning of the system for the delivery of fish products from the fishing area to the final consumer is formulated, taking into account its structure and the requirements of the divisions of this system for each other. Based on a detailed analysis, taking into account the development strategy of the fishing industry and the prospects for the delivery of fish products to consumers along the Northern Sea Route, the specified requirements for the projected organization of the fleet's work in a traditional and alternative logistical manner are formulated and described. In search of possible ways to optimize the system of transport and logistics support for fishing, examples of the operation of receiving and transport vessels in the organization of fishing services under the scheme “fishing area – fishing flotilla – floating base – transport fleet – port – hub – transport fleet – port” were considered. A systematic approach using the linear programming method was used to solve the problem. The mathematical model was developed based on the distributive linear programming problem of placing shipping vessels on the “shoulders” of delivering fish products to transshipment ports. The mathematical model of the problem uses two types of variables, and the total cost of transporting fish products is considered as an objective function, which should be minimized taking into account a number of restrictions. Based on the results of preliminary calculations, the “Solution Search” add-in of the MS EXCEL program was used to solve the problem in accordance with the mathematical model. The simulation results made it possible to formulate the logistical component of servicing fishing areas and justify the advantages of this approach for optimizing the choice of cluster ports, as well as the choice of transport vessels and their placement along the routes of transportation of fish products to the consumer at the lowest cost.
Sergey Vladimirovich Ponomarev
Authors: Ponomarev Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

anniversary article
Effect of acute bisphenol A toxicity on behavior and locomotor activity of Danio rerio
Authors: Kochetkov Nikita Ilyich , Klimov Viktor Aleksandrovich , Kalita Tatyana L'vovna , Gorbunov Aleksandr Vcheslavovich , Minaenko Angelina Pavlovna
Published: December 2024

The results of evaluating the effects of acute exposure of Danio rerio to bisphenol A solutions on behavioral traits and locomotor activity using the open field test are presented. It was found that bisphenol A in the exposure aquariums resulted in impaired movement, hyperactivity, increased mucus secretion, and increased gill cover movements. Fish not exposed to the pollutant in the open field test spent most of their time near the edges of the aquarium, exhibiting moderate exploratory activity. Bisphenol A in the open field test at concentrations greater than 1 mg/l caused a significant increase in mean locomotor speed (to 11.1 cm/s) and a decrease in inactivity time (to 9.9 s). The indices of locomotor activity in Danio rerio, significantly altered by bisphenol A, showed a clear concentration-effect relationship: for inactivity time in the inner circle, R² = 0.6765, and in the outer ring, R² = 0.7140; for movement speed in the inner circle, R² = 0.4365, and in the outer ring, R² = 0.4011. Acute toxicity of bisphenol A resulted in the development of anxiety-like behavior in fish, characterized by hyperactivity, increased exploratory activity, and decreased thigmotaxis.
On the Industrial Revolution, the Democratization of Material Life, and the Massification of Consumption
Authors:   State Agrarian University of the Northern Urals, Berezuyev Evgeny A. , Leonova Elena Yu. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: December 2024

The process of human consumption of various material and spiritual goods is a striking landmark phenomenon of our time. The whole nature and mental meanings of capitalism are imbued with the consumer activity of a social subject. As the phenomenon of consumption itself is ambiguous (from the point of view of opposite assessments of representatives of two antagonistic “camps” – conditionally “idealists” and “materialists”), so the influence of this process on people’s minds and behavior receives different explanations and predictions. It can be unequivocally stated that the democratization of consumption, the availability of previously inaccessible products and services to an ever-wider range of people, is one of the main achievements of human civilization. The following thesis can be considered reasonable: reducing material needs leads to greater political stability in society, which in turn reduces the likelihood of social disasters, but most importantly, the efficiency of production and consumption removes the issue of the importance of mass democratization from the mass agenda, replacing it with the issue of increasing the efficiency of the economic model of society (regardless of the political system).
Influence of Geopolitical Concepts on the US National Security Strategy
Authors:   V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Kopylov Alexander V , Likhonosov Alexander G. ,   V.V. Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Pivovarov Yuri F. ,   Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

The article examines the geopolitical concepts of “Heartland”, “Rimland” and American isolationism as factors influencing the development and implementation of the national security strategy of the United States. In the context of the transformation of the world order, the American administration is forced to turn to the geopolitical theories of the past in order to justify the aggressive nature of the United States geostrategy and preserve the Western-centric liberal model of the world order. The strategic planning documents of the United States – the National Security Strategy, the National Defense Strategy, as well as in accordance with the concepts of “Heartland” and “Rimland”, substantiate the need to contain their main geopolitical opponents – China and Russia. The ideas of isolationism that arise in the public consciousness of American citizens do not have a decisive influence on public authorities and the adoption of military and political decisions by the American administration. Studying the geopolitical factors of the national security strategy of the United States makes it possible to understand the goals and priorities of their policy towards individual countries and entire regions of the world, which is contradictory, to assess the military and political situation in the world more deeply, to identify trends in the development of Washington's foreign and military policy, to predict the likelihood of using American armed forces in the future.
Conceptual and Statistical Approaches to Assessing the Digital Transformation of Healthcare
Authors:   ITMO University, Lisitskii Nikita N. , Maximova Tatyana G. ,   ITMO University, Verzilin Dmitry N. ,   Lesgaft National State University,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

The ongoing discourse surrounding models of digital maturity in both academic and practical spheres is shaped by trends in economic development and the feasibility of their implementation. Consequently, the organization of change and the evaluation of outcomes manifest in various forms across different national contexts. This study analyzes the Russian system of digital healthcare management through the lens of digital maturity model characteristics. Based on key academic narratives regarding maturity models and relevant Russian strategic documents, two distinct approaches to the digital transformation of healthcare have been identified: the “model-based” approach, which focuses on long-term qualitative changes, and the “situational” approach, which is directed towards addressing current growth challenges. Using the theory of change, the study reveals shortcomings in the indicators currently employed to assess digital maturity and the level of digital transformation within the healthcare sector. Furthermore, the program statistical indicators of the digital transformation of healthcare are analyzed from the point of view of their use to assess the main social goal of the healthcare system – maintaining public health. A statistical approach to assessing the level of digital transformation of healthcare is proposed and tested based on official statistics on the use of digital technologies by organizations and open data characterizing the use of digital services by the population to receive medical services.
International Innovation and Investment Projects in the Field of Education as an Object of Management and Marketing
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, Schetinina Ekaterina D. , Lesovaya Svetlana L. ,   Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to examine the specifics of project and marketing management necessary for the effective implementation of new forms of international innovative investment projects (IIIPs) under modern conditions. Current trends and key issues of this process are revealed at the present time. The methodological foundations of managing international innovative investment projects (IIIPs) have been explored and refined, highlighting their characteristics, features, and stages of the project life cycle. Conditions for the effectiveness of such projects are summarized and formulated. Recommendations for improving the management mechanisms of IIIPs have been developed based on the integration of project and marketing approaches. A classification of project costs and a methodology for their assessment have been proposed, illustrated through a joint Russian-Chinese project in the field of higher education. The necessity of algorithmizing the management of IIIPs based on a structural approach is substantiated.
Political Risk: Experience of Operationalization of the Concept
Authors: Panesh Kaplan M.
Published: December 2024

Risk is an integral element of any management activity and is inevitably associated with political activity, of which it is an integral part. Willingness and ability to take risks is the most important feature of a leader. The desire to avoid risk or minimize it generates caution and anticipation; the willingness to disregard risk translates into recklessness. The antipodes of risk are indecision in one case, adventurism in the other. Both reduce the effectiveness of management. The task, therefore, is to combine risk with sober calculation. The article attempts to operationalize this concept. Attention is drawn to the ambiguity and internal inconsistency of political risk, which can become both a factor of breakthrough success and a cause of crushing failure. The subjects and objects of political risk are identified, the main factors and causes of risk are identified, and the main methods of its assessment are given. The existing approaches to risk classification are considered. The reasons for the occurrence of a risky situation are being clarified: uncertainty, the need for choice, lack of information and time for its processing. The applied meaning of the concept of political risk is considered: it acts as a methodological basis for the formation of an informed attitude to risk and an understanding of the need to manage it.
Digital Diplomacy in Case of the US-North Korea Agreement in the World Media Resources: Assessments and Features
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Sharapov Anton M.
Published: December 2024

A specific feature of the period of US President Donald Trump’s term of office is his practice of covering current and planned events in international politics both by the United States itself and other countries and international organizations and associations in his unofficial Twitter account, which, however, did not find a large number of followers of such a practice of publicizing foreign policy decisions among politicians of the conditional collective West, and in the media, this practice has received a mixed assessment. In the article, the author examines the phenomenon of “digital diplomacy” and “twitter diplomacy” using the example of coverage of the meeting between D. Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Based on an analysis of the assessments formulated in the Twitter accounts of North American and European politicians, as well as an analysis of the coverage of the meeting between D. Trump and Kim Jong-Un, held on June 30, 2019. in the demilitarized zone on the 38th parallel of the Korean Peninsula, the author concludes about the ambiguity of such assessments and their significant difference in comparison with those assessments that were posted on Internet resources in the United States and other countries belonging to the conditional West before the meeting of the two leaders and immediately after it took place. It is also noted that the mechanism actively used by D. Trump to announce foreign policy events and intentions without prior coordination with diplomatic structures has not found support in the practice of communication between leaders of states.
Toksisitas Akut dan Efek Penurunan Tekanan Darah Formula Daun Mangga arumanis (Mangifera indica L.), Lemon (Citrus limon) dan Cabe Jawa (Piper retrofractum Vahl.)
Authors: Setiani Lusi Agus , Herlina Nina , Widya Sopyan Sonia
Published: December 2024

Daun mangga arumanis, lemon dan buah cabe jawa adalah tanaman lokal Indonesiayang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat serta memiliki potensi sebagai agenpenurun tekanan darah. Namun, potensi ini perlu didukung oleh bukti ilmiah yangmencakup uji keamanan dan efektivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasiefek antihipertensi dan toksisitas akut dari campuran daun mangga arumanis, lemondan cabe jawa (MLC). Tikus diinduksi hipertensi selama 21 hari menggunakanprednison (1,5 mg/kgBB) dan natrium klorida (2%). Hewan dikelompokkan menjaditujuh kelompok: kontrol normal, kontrol negatif (Na CMC 0,05%), kontrol positif I(Captopril 0,45 mg/200 gBB), kontrol positif II (ramuan jamu 14,4 mg/200 gBB), sertatiga kelompok MCL dengan dosis berbeda: MLC I (6 mg:10 mg:4,2 mg/200 gBB), MLCII (3 mg:5 mg:2,1 mg/200 gBB), dan MLC III (12 mg:10 mg:4,2 mg/200 gBB). Tekanandarah diukur setiap 7 hari selama 35 hari menggunakan CODA® Blood Pressure,mencakup parameter utama tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik serta parameterpendukung seperti Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) dan Heart Rate (HR). Uji toksisitasakut dilakukan dengan metode fixed dose yang dimodifikasi menggunakan pemberianMLC dengan perbandingan formula 1:1 dosis 300 mg/kgBB dan 2000 mg/kgBB. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula MLC memiliki efek signifikan dalammenurunkan tekanan darah. Selain itu, nilai LD50 formula MLC berada di atas 2000mg/kgBB, yang dikategorikan sebagai tidak toksik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanpotensi formula MLC sebagai kandidat agen antihipertensi yang aman dan efektif.
Gambaran Budaya dan Insiden Keselamatan Pasien di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X
Authors: Nhestricia Nhadira , Najwa Rokhmah Nisa , Venny Hapsari Veronica
Published: December 2024

Budaya keselamatan pasien merupakan budaya rumah sakit yang mendukungkeselamatan pasien, kurangnya budaya keselamatan pasien dapat meningkatkanpeluang terjadinya insiden pada pasien selama mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan.Kejadian yang merugikan dan membahayakan keselamatan pasien salah satunyaadalah kesalahan pada saat proses pengobatan. Instalasi farmasi mempunyaitanggung jawab pada proses pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkangambaran budaya keselamatan pasien pada pegawai unit kerja instalasi farmasi sertainsiden yang pernah terjadi di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit X. Pengambilan datapenelitian ini secara retrospektif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi berjumlah 51 orangdengan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah pegawai instalasifarmasi dan bersedia menjadi responden. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakankuesioner dari Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) yaitu kuesionerHospital Survei on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) yang telah valid dan reliabel, dandokumen Laporan Mutu 2023 dari Komite Mutu Rumah Sakit X. Data yang diperolehdianalisis univariat dan analisis dokumen. Hasil kuesioner menunjukan budayakeselamatan pasien pada pegawai instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit X sebesar 74%termasuk kategori baik yang terdiri dari 12 dimensi. Terdapat 9 dimensi dengan responpositif baik, 2 dimensi dengan respon positif sedang, dan 1 dimensi dengan responpositif kurang. Insiden yang terjadi adalah medication error fase peresepan dan insidenterkait pelaksanaan high alert double check. Sistem pelaporan insiden keselamatanpasien sesuai dengan perundang-undangan yang ada.
La narrativa auto-biográfica en clave de inmersión estética: tres relatos para una des-re-composición
Authors: Ayciriet Federico , Porta Luis
Published: December 2024

El presente escrito recupera instancias del trabajo de campo que se lleva adelante en el marco de la tesis titulada “Inmersión y des-re-composición como apuesta formativa. Un estudio interpretativo de los gestos estéticos en la construcción de la condición auto-biográfica en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata”, correspondiente al Doctorado en Educación, programa específico de formación en investigación narrativa biográfica y autobiográfica. Entre febrero y abril de 2023, se desarrolló una experiencia inédita (e irrepetible) en la formación de la licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación que ofrece la Facultad de Humanidades de la UNMdP. Poniendo en evidencia marcas de autor y un diseño de borde, el Seminario "Auto-Biografía e Investigación Educativa" se constituyó una comunidad de aprendizaje orientada a poner en valor y en transformación la multiplicidad de formas y abordajes que adquiere la investigación narrativa desde la perspectiva biográfica y autobiográfica. Los tres relatos que se componen en este trabajo ponen el foco en dos de los objetivos propuestos en la investigación. Por un lado, la intención de identificar cómo lxs estudiantes asumen y transitan la inmersión estética en la co-composición de los relatos autobiográficos. Por otro, reconocer el proceso de visibilización que tienen estos relatos y el modo en que se entraman con los registros narrativos del equipo docente. Estos horizontes de la investigación operan como entradas a algunos de los interrogantes que resonaron en las clases y dieron lugar a emergentes que nutren el objeto de análisis.
Reinicio escolar para vencer miedos. Historias escolares de estudiantes secundarios en Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Arpi–Becerra Nancy , Broitman Claudia
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este estudio de tipo cualitativo y exploratorio es comprender las percepciones sobre la historia escolar de estudiantes jóvenes y adultos y las movilizaciones para reiniciar su escolaridad. Mediante nueve entrevistas en profundidad a cinco estudiantes de Educación para Jóvenes y Adultos se recogen dos momentos: el primero, las causas que ocasionaron la exclusión escolar, el segundo, las movilizaciones que condujeron al retorno escolar. Los datos fueron analizados mediante Análisis Temático (Braun y Clarke, 2006). El estudio se fundamenta conceptual y metodológicamente en la Relación con el Saber de Bernard Charlot (1997). Los resultados se categorizan en los siguientes temas: 1) las inequidades sociales y de género aportan a la exclusión escolar, 2) figuras decisivas en la exclusión escolar, 3) movilizaciones que aportaron al retorno escolar, 4) figuras decisivas en el retorno escolar. Los resultados indican que las causas para la exclusión escolar están relacionadas con el rol paterno, trabajo infantil y embarazo adolescente. Las movilizaciones para el retorno escolar se centran en logros personales y es relevante el rol de figuras decisivas de los educadores. Se concluye que el derecho de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida requiere políticas públicas que privilegien inversión en educación.
Acosta, Felicitas María. La matriz de la escuela secundaria en la Argentina: análisis histórico comparado entre el siglo XIX y el siglo XX. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: Teseopress. 2023, 286 páginas, ISBN 978-631-00-1456-2
Authors: Burgos García Anaclara
Published: December 2024

Revisión del libro La matriz de la escuela secundaria en la Argentina: análisis histórico comparado entre el siglo XIX y el siglo XX por F. M. Acosta
inteligencias artificiales generativas desde un prisma multidimensional
Authors: Lion Carina , Kap Miriam
Published: December 2024

El artículo analiza las relaciones entre las inteligencias artificiales generativas (IAG) y la educación superior. Se destaca su potencial para transformar los modos de aprender, las estrategias de enseñanza y su vinculación con el conocimiento. Se considera el modo en el que las tecnologías generativas reconfiguran aspectos culturales, sociales y educativos y se subraya la necesidad de enfoques inter y multidisciplinarios que vayan más allá de la prohibición. El ensayo plantea hipótesis sobre la inclusión de estas metatecnologías en la educación, considera sus implicancias en la vida cotidiana y cuestiona el solucionismo tecnológico. A través de experiencias universitarias, se explora cómo las IAG pueden promover el pensamiento creativo y crítico; facilitar la formulación de preguntas de investigación y originar procesos iterativos que fomentan la curiosidad y la co-escritura. El artículo invita a reflexionar sobre las transformaciones de la sociedad actual, sugiriendo que la comunidad educativa asuma un posicionamiento que le permita habitar el presente y anticipar futuros escenarios. Finalmente, se señala el desafío de desarrollar procesos investigativos y marcos teórico-reflexivos que permitan comprender cómo las IAG pueden enriquecer los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en contextos digitales más integrados a la vida cotidiana y cada vez más complejos.
Explorando el uso de TIC en la formación inicial de Profesores en Matemática desde la mirada estudiantil
Authors: Botta Gioda Rosana Gabriela , Reid Marisa , Cavero Lorena Verónica
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se analiza la apreciación de estudiantes que cursan el Profesorado en Matemática en una institución de educación superior pública en Argentina con respecto al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el contexto de sus trayectorias formativas.
Se recopilaron datos a través de un cuestionario diseñado para analizar el uso de las TIC por parte de las y los estudiantes en sus actividades curriculares durante el Profesorado en Matemática de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam).
Se realiza un primer análisis de los programas de las actividades curriculares que conforman el plan de estudio de la carrera.
El propósito de este estudio es identificar áreas de dificultad y necesidades de formación específicas para la aplicación efectiva de las TIC.
Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de constante contextualización y articulación entre teoría y práctica, el fomento de una perspectiva crítica en relación a la tecnología y su rol en la educación, y la creación de experiencias significativas de uso integrado de estas tecnologías en el currículo de formación inicial.
Evaluación auténtica
Authors: Clerici Carolina , Becerra María Florencia , Bastida Danisa Siomara , Chirino Carolina , Gänswein Valérie France
Published: December 2024

Este estudio forma parte de un proyecto de investigación educativa plurianual sobre dispositivos de mediación pedagógica. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la valoración que realizaron los estudiantes sobre el uso de un dispositivo de evaluación que consiste en la simulación de un congreso para el desarrollo de habilidades de oralidad académica. Esta etapa de la investigación fue exploratorio-descriptiva pre-experimental; estudio  de  caso  con  una sola  medición  y observación participan­te, encuestas semi- estructuradas, escalamiento tipo Likert y CATA. Se analizó la simulación de ponencias de artículos científicos. Se trata de un dispositivo de evaluación auténtica que va más allá del análisis del conocimiento declarativo porque se presenta como un desafío, como un problema o situación a resolver. Durante el Congresito se realizó la presentación oral (en español) de un artículo científico (escrito en inglés) con apoyo de Powerpoint o similar. El día acordado como simulacro de evento científico, se evaluó la exposición oral y la calidad del soporte visual que acompaña. “El Congresito” como dispositivo de evaluación auténtica fue valorado en forma positiva por los estudiantes que participaron en la experiencia propuesta por la Cátedra de Inglés Técnico. Los estudiantes experimentaron la utilidad y necesidad de estar preparados en el futuro para exponer en público, y de saber mantenerse actualizados en su campo disciplinar. Las presentaciones orales basadas en artículos científicos en inglés resultan una oportunidad para desarrollar habilidades de oralidad académica además de comprensión lectora e investigación por tratarse del trabajo con un artículo científico en inglés.
El mundo en 2025: diez temas que marcarán la agenda internacional
Authors:   Investigadora sénior y editora, CIDOB, Colomina Carmen , Arco Inés ,   Investigadora, CIDOB, Ayuso Anna ,   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB, Bacaria Jordi ,   Investigador asociado, CIDOB, Bargués Pol ,   Investigador sénior, CIDOB, Borràs Javier ,   Investigador, CIDOB, Burguete Víctor ,   Investigador sénior, CIDOB, Claudin Carmen ,   investigadora sénior asociada, CIDOB, Castilla Daniel , García Víctor , Cogo Patrizia ,   investigadora junior, CIDOB, Fàbregues Francesc ,   Coordinador projectes, CIDOB, Farrés Oriol ,   Coordinador projectes, CIDOB, Galceran Marta ,   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB, Garcés Blanca ,   Investigadora sénior, CIDOB, García-Durán Patrícia ,   Investigadora sénior asociada, CIDOB, Golden Sean ,   Investigador sénior asociado, CIDOB, Grasa Rafael ,   Investigador sénior asociado, CIDOB, Martínez Ricardo ,   Investigador, sénior, CIDOB, Mateos Oscar ,   Investigador sénior asociado, CIDOB, Morillas Pol ,   Director, CIDOB, Pasetti Francesco ,   Investigador sénior, CIDOB, Sánchez Héctor ,   Investigador, CIDOB, Soler i Lecha Eduard ,   Investigador sénior asociado, CIDOB, Tarragona Laia ,   Coordinadora de proyectos, CIDOB, Vidal Alexandra ,   Investigadora, CIDOB
Published: December 2024

2025 arranca con más preguntas que respuestas. El mundo ya ha votado y ahora toca ver qué políticas nos esperan; qué impacto tendrán las nuevas agendas ganadoras; ¿hasta dónde llegará la imprevisibilidad de Trump 2.0? ¿Estamos ante un Trump factor de cambio o ante aspavientos y fuegos de artificio político?

En 2025 se hablará de tregua, pero no de paz. La ofensiva diplomática ganará terreno en Ucrania, mientras la caída del régimen sirio de Bashar al-Assad abre una transición política incierta. Estos movimientos pondrán a prueba un sistema internacional incapaz de resolver las causas estructurales de los conflictos.

El mundo se debate entre la gesticulación de los nuevos liderazgos, los escenarios cambiantes que están redibujando conflictos enquistados, y una rivalidad chino-estadounidense que puede derivar en una guerra comercial y tecnológica. El miedo, como dinámica que impregna políticas, tanto en el campo migratorio como en las relaciones internacionales, gana terreno en 2025.
Oportunidades desde la economía social en la lucha contra las amenazas de la IA
Authors:   Profesor asociado y coordinador de proyectos de la Cátedra de Economía Social, Tecnocampus-Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Guillén Burguillos Miguel ,   investigador predoctoral, Universitat de les Illes Balears., Serrano Robles Eloi ,   Director de la Cátedra de Economía Social, Tecnocampus-UPF; investigador asociado, CIDOB.
Published: December 2024

Las empresas de economía social no pueden renunciar al uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA), pues esta es útil en diferentes tareas empresariales. La clave está en hacerlo según los principios de la economía social y promover un desarrollo de la IA según estos valores, poniendo a las personas en el centro de la actividad económica. Así, la economía social puede jugar un papel importante a la hora de democratizar la IA, ya que desarrolla sus actividades con base en principios como la ética, la justicia, la gestión democrática, la equidad, la sostenibilidad y la defensa de los intereses de las personas, sus comunidades y sociedades, más allá de los beneficios económicos. Teniendo en cuenta esta premisa, este artículo examina las amenazas del desarrollo actual de la IA y propone algunas oportunidades que ofrece la economía social para que este desarrollo parta de criterios más éticos y democráticos.
La llegada de la IA a las ciudades: urbanismo de plataformas y nuevos regímenes de gubernamentalidad
Authors:   Investigador predoctoral, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)., Blasco Ejarque José Luis , Tirado Francisco Javier ,   Profesor titular, Departamento de Psicología Social, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB).
Published: December 2024

Este artículo analiza el denominado «urbanismo de plataformas» como un dispositivo posbiopolítico de dominación y subjetivación propio de las «sociedades de rendimiento» del siglo XXI. En tal sentido, se examina cómo las plataformas algorítmicas exponen a la ciudadanía a nuevas relaciones de control y poder a través de dispositivos tecnosociales como la inteligencia artificial (IA). Los autores concluyen con la idea de que el despliegue del urbanismo de plataformas responde a un modelo de «gubernamentalidad algorítmica» que propicia el advenimiento de nuevas prácticas de disidencia basadas en la denominada «innovación abierta».
Opinión pública masiva: colonización algorítmica y sintetificación de la esfera pública
Authors:   Investigador predoctoral, Departamento de Filosofía y Sociología, Universitat Jaume i de Castelló (España)., Saura García Carlos , Calvo Patrici ,   Profesor Titular de Filosofía moral. Departamento de Filosofía y Sociología. Universtat Jaume I de Castelló (España).
Published: December 2024

Este artículo profundiza en el cambio estratégico de la manipulación de la opinión pública por medio de la colonización algorítmica, el imperialismo tecnológico, la generación de datos y la creación de contenidos sintéticos. Ello es utilizado por organizaciones gubernamentales, grandes corporaciones tecnológicas y poderes económicos para amenazar la integridad de la democracia a través de la alteración de los procesos de racionalización y sentido, así como los flujos de comunicación implicados, lo que conduce a la aparición de patologías sociales, anomalías y distorsiones en la esfera pública digital. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las principales estrategias vinculadas con las tecnologías digitales disruptivas para la creación de sentido y la manipulación de la opinión pública y, especialmente, criticar los impactos y desafíos que subyacen a este nuevo contexto democrático algoritmizado, sintetificado y masivo para la propia opinión pública y la democracia.
DODGE: Congestion Control in Manet via Dragonfly Optimized Deep Learning Model
Authors: Gladson S , Pandiarajan K
Published: December 2024

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile devices attached without infrastructure or central management. Network size increases rapidly, resulting in congestion, network delay, data packet loss, a drop in throughput, resulting in poor energy efficiency. Data should be mitigated based on the prediction of congestion. To resolve the problem of congestion, a novel Dragonfly Optimized Deep learning for conGestion Elimination (DODGE) technique has been proposed which predicts the congested node effectively. Initially, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets from the MANET environment has been pre-processed and the features are selected using Dragon Fly Optimization (DFO). The features that are selected from the DFO model has been provided to the Stacked Convolutional Neural Network combined with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (SCNN-BiLSTM). The Deep Learning network will predict the congested node and if congestion is found, then the message will be displayed. The DODGE is simulated by using Network simulator2 (NS2) and a comparison is made between proposed DODGE and traditional approaches such as Hybrid Gravitational Fuzzy Neural Network (HGFNN), Quality of Service-Aware Distributed Congestion Control (QoS-ADCC), and ImprovedPriority Aware-Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (IPA-AODV) in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Delay (DE), Throughput (TP), Energy Consumption (EC), Latency (L), Detection Rate (DR), and Network Lifetime (NL). The proposed SCNN-BiLSTM improves the overall accuracy better than 10.05%, 6.59%, 3.26% Bidirectional Long ShortTerm Memory (BiLSTM), Deep Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for predict the congested node in the shortest time.
Evaluation of Thyroid Activity in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Belu Anca M. , Nicoara Alina D. , Belu Daniela M. , Circo Eduard
Published: December 2024

Background: Liver cirrhosis is increasingly becoming a public health problem. The aim of study is to evaluate the relationship levels thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4) and and liver cirrhosis(LC) severity, measured by Child-Pugh (CP) and MELD scores. Methods: 419 patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were included in the study. Biological tests for TSH, T3, fT4 on admission and discharge were used. All analysis was performed using, One-Sample Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean values for TSH were statistically significant higher compared to normal values only at admission (p<.05), and the mean values for T3 were statistically significant lower both on admission (p<.001) and on discharge (p<.001). No effect was observed for fT4. TSH on the admission and discharge moments were statistically significant differences (p<.001), T3 (p<.001) and fT4 (p<.004). The CP also influenced the hormone's values for TSH at admission (p<.01 and discharge (p<.001), and T3 at admission (p<.001) and discharge (p<.001) but not for fT4. For MELD score, a low power positive associations were observed only with TSH, on admission and discharge and negative associations with F3, in both situations. Conclusions: Elevated TSH levels at admission, coupled with their negative correlation with the CP score and differences between TSH-CP group C and groups A and B, highlighting the necessity for vigilant endocrine monitoring in hepatic patients. Also, admission T3 levels are lower than normal and negatively correlate with cirrhosis severity and MELD scores underscore potential clinical utility of monitoring thyroid function in assessing disease progression and improving patient survival outcomes.
Atypical Presentation and Management of Giant Tonsillolith: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lupascu Mihai , Septar Haldun , Alexe Alexandru , Sora Anna , Suceveanu Adrian Paul , Suceveanu Andra
Published: December 2024

This report details a unique case of a 53-year-old patient presenting with dysphagia, odynophagia, and trismus in ”Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Clinical Hospital Constanta, Romania. Examination revealed a large mass within the left tonsil, prompting a differential diagnosis encompassing malignancy, abscess, and foreign body. Radiological evaluation proved challenging, as the mass mimicked a tumor on initial studies. Ultimately, CT scan confirmed the presence of a giant tonsillolith measuring an exceptional 51/23/31mm - exceeding the largest previously documented case (4.2 cm).

Surgical excision under local anesthesia successfully removed the tonsillolith. This case underscores the importance of considering giant tonsilloliths in the differential diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia, particularly in patients with suboptimal oral hygiene. We further emphasize the potential diagnostic challenges associated with these rare presentations and the crucial role of advanced imaging modalities. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding tonsillolith formation, diagnosis, and management is included.
Hermann Brehmer’s Tuberculosis Treatment Methods: Potential Applications for Cachexia in Aids and Cancer
Authors: Bjørklund Geir
Published: December 2024

The innovative treatment methodologies for tuberculosis by the German physician Hermann Brehmer (1826-1889), established in the mid-19th century, achieved significant success and may offer valuable insights for the modern treatment of cachexia in AIDS and cancer. Brehmer's approach, which included hydrotherapy, a special diet, and rigorous physical activity, demonstrated impressive patient outcomes and highlighted the potential for integrating historical methods with contemporary therapeutic strategies. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Brehmer's methods, their evolution, and their potential applicability to modern chronic infectious diseases and conditions associated with cachexia, ensuring that the audience is well-informed and knowledgeable. By examining the interplay between nutrition, physical activity, and immune function, a holistic approach is proposed that combines Brehmer’s principles with immunotherapy to optimize treatment outcomes for HIV, tuberculosis, and cancer patients.
Deep Learning-Based Travel Time Estimation in Hiking with Consideration of Individual Walking Ability
Authors: Asako Mizuho , Tahara Yasuyuki , Ohsuga Akihiko , Sei Yuichi
Published: December 2024

Hiking is popular, but mountain accidents are serious problems. Accurately predicting hiking travel time is an essential factor in preventing mountain accidents. However, it is challenging to accurately reflect individual hiking ability and the effects of fatigue in travel time estimation. Therefore, this study proposes a deep learning model, “HikingTTE”, for estimating arrival times when hiking. HikingTTE estimates hiking travel time by considering complex factors such as individual hiking ability, changes in walking pace, terrain, and elevation. The proposed model achieved significantly higher accuracy than existing hiking travel time estimation methods based on the relation between slope and speed. Furthermore, HikingTTE demonstrated higher accuracy in predicting hiking arrival times than a deep learning model originally developed to estimate taxi arrival times. The source code of HikingTTE is available on github for future development of the travel time estimation task.
Billion-Scale Similarity Search Using a Hybrid Indexing Approach with Advanced Filtering
Authors: Emanuilov Simeon , Dimov Aleksandar
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach for similarity search with complex filtering capabilities on billion-scale datasets, optimized for CPU inference. Our method extends the classical IVF-Flat index structure to integrate multi-dimensional filters. The proposed algorithm combines dense embeddings with discrete filtering attributes, enabling fast retrieval in high-dimensional spaces. Designed specifically for CPU-based systems, our disk-based approach offers a cost-effective solution for large-scale similarity search. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through a case study, showcasing its potential for various practical uses.
A Cost-Benefit Model for Feasible IoT Edge Resources Scalability to Improve Real-Time Processing Performance
Authors: Assaf Maen M. Al , Qatawneh Mohammad , AlRadhi AlaaAldin
Published: December 2024

Edge computing systems have emerged to facilitate real-time processing for delay-sensitive tasks in Internet of Things (IoT) Systems. As the volume of generated data and the real-time tasks increase, more pressure on edge servers is created. This eventually reduces the ability of edge servers to meet the processing deadlines for such delay-sensitive tasks, degrading users’ satisfaction and revenues. At some point, scaling up the edge servers’ processing resources might be needed to maintain user satisfaction. However, enterprises need to know if the cost of that scalability will be feasible in generating the required return on the investment and reducing the forgone revenues. This paper introduces a cost-benefit model that values the cost of edge processing resources scalability and the benefit of maintaining user satisfaction. We simulated our cost-benefit model to show its ability to decide whether the scalability will be feasible using different scenarios.
Software Requirement Smells and Detection Techniques: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Alemneh Esubalew , Berhanu Fekerte
Published: December 2024

One of the major reasons for software project failure is poor requirements, so numerous requirement smells detection solutions are proposed. Critical appraisal of the proposed requirement fault detection methods is crucial for refining knowledge of requirement smells and developing new research ideas. The objective of this paper was to systematically review studies that focused on detecting requirement discrepancies in textual requirements. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and forward and backward snowball sampling techniques using database-specific search queries, 19 primary studies were selected. A deep analysis of the studies shows that classical NLP-based requirement smells detection techniques are the most commonly used ones and ambiguity is the requirement smell that has the utmost attention. Further investigation depicts the scarcity of open-access datasets, and tools employed to detect requirement faults. The review has also revealed there is no comprehensive definition and classification of requirement smells.
The Browser-Based GLAUx Treebank Infrastructure: Framework, Functionality, and Future
Authors: Keersmaekers Alek , Pietowski Frédéric , Van Hal Toon , Depauw Mark
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the browser-based treebank infrastructure of GLAUx (the Greek Language AUtomated). This linguistic annotation project now has its integrated and user-friendly platform for exploring this data. After discussing the size and types of texts included in the GLAUx corpus, the contribution succinctly surveys the types of linguistic annotation covered by the project (morphology, lemmatization, and syntax). The emphasis of the contribution is on a description of the underlying SQL database structure and the search architecture. Infrastructure-related challenges faced by the GLAUx project are also discussed. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of future steps for the project, including additional functionality and expansion of the corpus.
An Interface for Linking Ancient Languages
Authors: Mallia Michele , Bandini Michela , Quochi Valeria
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on the linking potentials offered by the EpiLexO web-based front-end for creating and editing an ecosystem of digital resources for ancient languages, developed in the context of a project on the languages of fragmentary attestation of ancient Italy. The focus is particularly on mechanisms introduced for linking lexical information to other information bits either internally or externally, e.g., for creating attestations by linking lexical forms to their variants in relevant inscriptions, as well as for linking lexical data to external independent LOD datasets available on a remote endpoint. Finally, in the conclusions, we briefly introduce some future planned or desired enhancements as well as the final platform component, a parallel interface that constitutes the fruition application, which will be open to anyone on the web and will allow for browsing, searching, cross-querying and visualizing the created set of interlinked resources.