bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening and Spoken Language Specialist Auditory–Verbal Certification: Self-Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Inform Change
Authors: de Melo Maria Emilia , Soman Uma , Voss Jenna , Valencia Maria Fernanda Hinojosa , Noll Dorie , Clark Frances , Guignard Gayla Hutsell , Löfkvist Ulrika
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to explore the path to Listening and Spoken Language Specialist (LSLS) certification from the professional's viewpoint as well as to address motivation, self-perceived gains, challenges, and barriers to certification in an international cohort with the purpose of guiding future change within the existing certification system.

Method:

Members of the AG Bell Academy for Listening and Spoken Language (AG Bell Academy) Global Matters Committee created an online survey disseminated by the AG Bell Academy in English and Spanish for professionals who were certified LSLSs, mentees currently pursuing the certification, and professionals interested in the certification. Participants (
N
= 295) were from different parts of the world. Of the respondents, 48% reported English as their first language, 19% reported Spanish as their first language, and the remaining 33% reported one of 26 other languages as their first language. Approximately 40% of the total respondents were certified LSLSs (
n
= 117), and 50% of them lived in the United States.

Results:

The findings indicate that certified LSLSs perceived significant growth in knowledge and skills as a result of the certification process. Personal motivation drove individuals to pursue certification. A common barrier among all participants was limited resources, such as time, funds, and access to a mentor who speaks the same language.

Conclusions:

There is a need for more awareness of the significant gains LSLS certification can bring to professionals. There is further need to address, minimize, and overcome perceived barriers in the process. Future similar research is warranted to explore the gains and barriers of obtaining the LSLS certification outside the English-speaking countries and in a larger, more population-based sample.
Controllability of discrete‐time signed multiagent networks
Authors: Liu Bo , Shen XiXi , Miao Suoxia , Su Housheng
Published: October 2022

Most of the existing studies on controllability have only focused on networks with non‐negative weighted interactions/edges among agents. In fact, there are both positive and negative weighted interactions in a network, where positive/negative weight implies cooperative/antagonistic interaction. The controllability of leader‐based multi‐agent systems described by directed/undirected signed graphs is respectively considered for fixed topology and switching topology. A quantitative characterization of controllability is given based on the influence pattern of leaders and some algebraic and graphical features of controllability are established according to consensus protocols. Moreover, it is proved that all follower agents can be steered to the desired configuration under structurally balanced conditions. Specially, a simultaneously structurally balanced signed multiagent network can be controllable on switching topology even though each subnetwork is uncontrollable. Finally, several numerical examples and simulation results are given.
Adsorption properties of environmentally friendly insulating medium C4F7N and its common decomposition products in NaA, NaZSM‐5, and NaX molecular sieves
Authors: Tian Shuangshuang , Yuan Zian , Zhang Xiaoxing , Wang Yingxiang , Luo Weifeng , Liu Yang
Published: October 2022

Selecting suitable materials to adsorb the C4F7N mixtures decomposition products could not only keep the stable operation of the environmentally friendly insulating gas switch cabinet, but also ensure the safety of operation and maintenance personnel. It is necessary to study the interaction of three types of molecular sieves with the C4F7N mixture and its decomposition products, which could provide a theoretical basis for the selection of adsorbents in the C4F7N gas switch cabinet. In this research, the molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the C4F7N‐CO2 mixture and its ten kinds of decomposition products CO, CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, CF3H, CF3CN, C2F5CN, C2N2, and COF2 in three molecular sieves adsorption process (NaA, NaZSM‐5, and NaX). The gas concentration distribution curve and interaction energy parameters were obtained by simulation. The interaction energies of C3F8 in NaA, C4F7N in NaZSM‐5, and C3F6 in NaX molecular sieve are the largest, which are −368.35 kJ/mol, −174.93 kJ/mol, and −340.09 kJ/mol respectively. Then, the theoretical results were verified by the fluorocarbon gases adsorption experiment. The adsorption performance of three molecular sieves for all gases was obtained by combining the experimental results and dynamics parameters. The adsorption rate of the NaA molecular sieve for fluorocarbon gas is less than 35%, and its adsorption performance for all gases is weak. NaZSM‐5 and NaX molecular sieves show excellent adsorption performance for C3F6 and C3F8, and the adsorption rates are over 70%. NaZSM‐5 molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for CF3CN, C2F6, C2N2, C3F6, C3F8, C4F7N, and C2F5CN. NaX molecular sieve shows good adsorption capacity for C3F6, C3F8, C4F7N, and C2F5CN. Both of them have the potential to be used as adsorbents in environmental protection insulated gas switch cabinet.
A reliable method of wind power fluctuation smoothing strategy based on multidimensional non‐linear exponential smoothing short‐term forecasting
Authors: Zheng Xidong , Jin Tao
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the multi‐dimensional non‐linear exponential smoothing prediction method under different weight coefficients, so as to realize the short‐term prediction of the original wind power output. Based on the current research on wind power fluctuation prediction, this paper firstly proposes a new multi‐dimensional nonlinear exponential smoothing prediction method. Based on different weight coefficients, the corresponding short‐term forecast volatility is obtained. Then, the wavelet packet decomposition method is used to further realize the secondary smoothing of the prediction wind power fluctuations. Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) plays an important role in wind power fluctuation suppression from different frequency bands. However, the traditional fixed frequency power allocation method significantly degrades the performance of the accuracy of the algorithm. Therefore, this paper proposes a frequency conversion entropy strategy, which combines energy value with wavelet packet decomposition. By calculating the energy components of different frequency bands, the fluctuation can be divided effectively. Finally, simulation and experiment discussions show that the proposed algorithm in this paper can realize the power allocation effectively compared to the traditional one. And it further verifies the feasibility and reliability of the strategy proposed in this work.
L'évaluation du sourire
Authors: Pourrat Frank
Published: October 2022

Les différents éléments du sourire, que ce soit le visage, les lèvres, les dents ou le parodonte, seront évalués en fonction des connaissances. Ils seront identifiés en éléments modifiables, non modifiables, désirables, indésirables ou imperceptibles. Parmi ces éléments, certains incontournables inesthétiques sont à répertorier et ne pas négliger dans nos traitements.
Sourire et management
Authors: Chatelain-Bery Gaël
Published: October 2022

Entretien avec un manager, conférencier, auteur, qui donne sa position sur le dévelop¬pement du management par le sourire.
A study on the benefits of participation in an electronic tracking physical activity program and motivational interviewing during a three-month period
Authors: Johnson Urban , Ivarsson Andreas , Parker James , Svetoft Ingrid , Andersen Mark B.
Published: October 2022

Background: The purpose was to investigate if participation in a three-month electronic tracking outdoor physical activity and a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention led to positive behavioural, psychological, and physiological outcomes. Methods: Based on a two-group pre-post design, 12 middle-aged women and 6 men were randomly assign to an experimental and a control group. Physical activity data were collected by wrist-worn activity sensors, and pre-post data were collected on the GHQ-12, the BREQ-2, body mass, body fat mass and total body muscle. Measures of cardiovascular fitness were taken pre to post. The experimental group was supported through individual MI coaching sessions and resistance-training for use in an outdoor gym. Magnitude based inferences (MBI) were calculated based on the disposition of the confidence limits for the mean differences to the smallest worthwhile changes. Results: The experimental group had a beneficial increase in its physical activity behaviour (steps). The control group had a medium decrease in identified regulation, the experimental group maintained the same level at the post-measure. Conclusion: Few studies have investigated how the combination of MI and the use of activity-tracking devices effect physical and mental health. This study investigates the use of both MI and activity-tracking devices on psychological well-being, motivation, and physical health in an outdoor context. Future research recommendations are given.
Homöopathie bei Long Covid
Authors: Friedrich Uwe
Published: October 2022

Long Covid ist in den ersten Monaten nach Corona-Infektion oder Corona-Impfung sehr gut homöopathisch zu behandeln. Der Beitrag stellt die am häufigsten angezeigten Mittel zur Heilung von Long Covid vor und erläutert das zugrunde liegende homöopathische Behandlungskonzept. Dieses besteht aus Gabe der passenden Nosode, des passenden spezifischen homöopathischen Mittels und fallweise einer Behandlungsbegleitung mit „Kraftmitteln“. Sehr langwierige Long-Covid-Verläufe werden häufig verkompliziert durch Exazerbationen alter chronischer Krankheiten, neuer Traumatisierungen und wiederholter Impfungen. Eine erfolgreiche homöopathische Behandlung ist auch hier möglich, bedarf aber großer Erfahrung.
Zwischenergebnisse der laufenden Long-/Post-Covid-Studie des Krankenhauses für Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München
Authors: Schmidt Robert
Published: October 2022

Im Dezember 2021 begannen wir im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen mit einer hausinternen Beobachtungsstudie zum Thema „Effektivität unserer naturheilkundlichen Komplexbehandlung bei Long-/Post-Covid-Syndrom“. Während in der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2020 die ersten, zunächst nur vereinzelten Patienten mit Long/Post Covid zu uns kamen, entwickelten sich diese Patienten im Verlauf des Jahres 2021 zu einer unserer größten Patientengruppen, mit z. T. langanhaltenden und/oder schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen. Dieser Trend setzt sich auch 2022 bisher nahezu unverändert fort. Im Juli 2021 erschien dann schließlich die S1-Leitlinie Long/Post Covid, deren Überprüfung für Juli 2022 angedacht ist 3. Wirkliche therapeutische Behandlungsansätze enthält die Variante jedoch nicht, die Aktualisierung war bei Redaktionsschluss für diesen Beitrag noch nicht erschienen. Wesentliche neue Erkenntnisse sind aber nicht zu erwarten.
Association Between the Variability of Glycated Hemoglobin and
Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhai Liping , Lu Jun , Cao Xinjian , Zhang Jun , Yin Yong , Tian Hu
Published: October 2022

Visit-to-visit variability of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a marker of
long-term glycemic fluctuation, which has been related to increased risk of
macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
The association between HbA1c variability and retinopathy in patients with T2DM,
however, has been inconsistent in previous studies. In order to fully evaluate
the above association, we conducted a meta-analysis. Observational studies
related to the aim of the meta-analysis were identified by search of PubMed, Web
of Science, and Embase databases. Studies with HbA1c variability evaluated as
the standard deviation (SD) and/or the coefficients of variation (CV) of
HbA1c were included. The results were analyzed using a random-effects model that
incorporated potential heterogeneity between studies. Twelve observational
studies involving 44 662 T2DM patients contributed to the meta-analysis.
Overall, 5150 (11.5%) patients developed retinopathy. Pooled results
showed that compared to patients with lower HbA1c variability, T2DM patients
with higher HbA1c-SD (relative risk [RR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval
[CI]: 1.24 to 1.78, p<0.001, I2=34%) and higher HbA1c-CV
(RR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.59, p=0.02, I2=0%)
were both associated with higher risk of DR. For studies with HbA1c-SD, the
association was not significantly affected by study characteristics such as
country, study design, mean age, disease duration, adjustment of mean HbA1c, or
quality scores (p for subgroup difference all>0.05). In conclusion,
higher HbA1c variability may be associated with an increased risk of retinopathy
in patients with T2DM.
Chiral Acyl Radicals Generated by Visible Light Enable Stereoselective Access to 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles: Application toward the Synthesis of (–)- and (+)-Physovenine
Authors: Petersen Wade F. , Späth Josef , Oddy Meghan J. , Hunter Roger
Published: October 2022

Exploration of the repurposing of N-acyl chiral auxiliaries for use as novel chiral C1 radical synthons is reported. The acyl radicals are generated under visible-light-mediated single-electron transfer of N-hydroxyphthalimido ester, and their use toward the stereoselective synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles via a radical addition–cyclisation sequence is demonstrated. The downstream synthetic utility of this method is showcased in the formal synthesis of the natural product (–)-physovenine. TEMPO trapping experiments support the proposed reaction mechanism.
Frequency and nature of endoscopic and pathologic errors leading to referral for endoscopic resection to a tertiary center
Authors: Lahr Rachel E. , McWhinney Connor D. , Cummings Oscar W. , Rex Douglas K.
Published: October 2022

Background and study aims We anecdotally encounter cases where referring endoscopists made errors in endoscopic interpretation of a colorectal lesion, sometimes combined with pathology errors at the referring centers, resulting in referral to our center for endoscopic resection. In this paper, we describe the frequency and nature of endoscopic and pathology errors leading to consultation for endoscopic resection.

Patients and methods Review of 760 consecutive referrals to our center over a 26-month interval.

Results In total, 28 (3.7 %) of all referred patients had ≥ 1 lesion that did not require any resection after investigation. There were 12 cases (1.6 % of all referrals) involving errors by both the referring endoscopist and the pathologist at the referring center. Errors commonly involved the ileocecal valve, lipomas, and mucosal prolapse changes. There were 15 additional referrals (2.0 % of all referrals) where no neoplastic lesion was identified at our center and either no biopsy was taken at the referring center (n = 9 patients, 10 lesions), the patient was referred although biopsy showed no neoplasia (n = 6), or the referring doctor correctly interpreted the lesion (lipoma), but the outside pathologist incorrectly reported adenoma (n = 1).

Conclusions Endoscopists at tertiary centers should expect referrals to clarify the nature of colorectal lesions as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Community endoscopists with equivocal endoscopic findings and unexpected or equivocal pathology results can consider pathology review at their center or at an expert center before referral for endoscopic or surgical resection.
Development of the “Teamwork in Endoscopy Assessment Module for Endoscopic Non-Technical Skills” (TEAM-ENTS) behavioral marker system
Authors: Ravindran Srivathsan , Cavilla Rebecca , Ashrafian Hutan , Haycock Adam , Healey Chris , Coleman Mark , Archer Steph , Darzi Ara , Thomas-Gibson Siwan ,   on behalf of the TEAM-ENTS working group
Published: October 2022

Background Non-technical skills (NTS) are integral to team performance and subsequent quality and safety of care. Behavioral marker systems (BMSs) are now increasingly used in healthcare to support the training and assessment of team NTS. Within gastrointestinal endoscopy, this is an area of novel research. The aims of this study were to define the core relevant NTS for endoscopy teams and develop a preliminary framework for a team-based BMS known as TEAM-ENTS (Teamwork in Endoscopy Assessment Module for Endoscopic Non-Technical Skills).

Methods This study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, a literature review of team-based BMSs was performed to inform an interview study of core endoscopy team members. Cognitive task analysis was used to break down the NTS relevant to endoscopy teams. Framework analysis generated the structure for the preliminary TEAM-ENTS framework. In phase 2, a modified Delphi process was undertaken to refine the items of the framework.

Results Seven consultant endoscopists and six nurses were interviewed. The final coding framework consisted of 88 codes grouped into five overarching categories. In total, 58 participants were recruited to the Delphi panel. In the first round, nine elements and 37 behavioral descriptors did not meet consensus. Following item adjustment, merging and deletion, all remaining items met consensus thresholds after the second round. The refined TEAM-ENTS BMS consists of five categories, 16 elements, and 47 behavioral descriptors.

Conclusions The refined TEAM-ENTS behavioral marker system was developed to reflect the core NTS relevant to endoscopy teams. Future studies will aim to fully validate this tool.
Nicotinamide Riboside for Ataxia Telangiectasia: A Report of an Early Treated Individual
Authors: Steinbrücker Katja , Tiefenthaler Elke , Schernthaner Eva-Maria , Jungwirth Julia , Wortmann Saskia B.
Published: October 2022

A first study on nicotinamide riboside treatment of 24 individuals with ataxia telangiectasia with a mean age of 17.5 years showed improved ataxia scores and immunoglobulin levels. We here present the effect of nicotinamide riboside in another individual with ataxia and recurrent infections in whom treatment started as early as at the age of 3 years and 6 months.

During 11 months of follow-up, mean total Scale-for-the-Assessment-and-Rating-of-Ataxia decreased from 27 to 9 points and mean total Score for the Gross-Motor-Function-Measure increased from 61 to 78%. Improvement in drawing skills was observed by ICF-based ergotherapeutic examination. Use of antibiotics and frequency of hospitalizations due to infections were reduced by more than 90%. Immunological parameters in blood remained unchanged. No adverse effects occurred.

While the effects on motor and speech improvement might be partly explained by development, our study replicates the previous finding of a positive effect of nicotinamide riboside treatment in ataxia telangiectasia. One could even hypothesize that the early treatment will lead to even better outcome. Given the absence of adverse effects, we strongly encourage to consider nicotinamide riboside in all individuals with ataxia telangiectasia.
I2-DMSO-Promoted Direct Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles from Styrenes and Benzylamines under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Dandela Rambabu , Bhukta Swadhapriya , Chatterjee Rana
Published: October 2022

A novel and efficient method has been developed for the direct synthesis of substituted imidazoles through the reaction of styrenes and benzylamines with the assistance of I2-DMSO concerted system. The reactions proceed efficiently under open air and solvent-free conditions to afford a wide variety of substituted imidazoles in good yields. A productive large-scale synthesis also has been performed to target highly substituted heterocyclic motifs. The present protocol offers metal- and solvent-free process, mild conditions, easily accessible reactants, and operational simplicity to achieve an assembly of substituted N-heterocyclic compounds.
Survey on the Use of Zirconia Crowns in Pediatric Population among General Dental Practitioners
Authors: N. Vatsala , Urs Pallavi , Nagar Priya , Lakhotia Richa , Jenny Anisha , Saseendran Anagha
Published: October 2022

Background Pediatric zirconia crowns are metal free and more aesthetic and compatible option available for the full coronal coverage of the affected primary dentition. These crowns are not new to pediatric dentistry but usage is limited.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted among 200 general dental practitioners and were requested to answer a questionnaire. The questions were framed regarding the knowledge of pediatric dental procedures, aesthetic replacement in case of full coverage restorations, and zirconia crown's features and its use in the practice, and were evaluated.

Results Results were based on features of zirconia crowns according to which 81.5% participants mentioned them as stainless steel alternative and 62% as biocompatible material. Clinical aspects evaluated the amount of occlusal reduction in case of zirconia crown tooth preparation as 1 to 1.5 mm by 72.5% of the participants. Appropriate type of finish line and type of margins advocated by the participants was chamfer and subgingival finish line, respectively, according 62.0% participants.

Conclusion The use of zirconia crowns for replacement of lost tooth structure and post-pulp therapy helps in creating good-looking restorations which help children and adolescents to improve their self-image.
Unravelling the Development of Non-Covalent Organocatalysis in India
Authors: Sahoo Jigyansa , Panda Jeetendra , Sahoo Gokarneswar
Published: October 2022

This review is devoted to underpinning the contributions of Indian researchers towards asymmetric organocatalysis. More specifically, a comprehensive compilation of reactions mediated by a wide range of non-covalent catalysis is illustrated. A detailed overview of vividly catalogued asymmetric organic transformations promoted by hydrogen bonding and Brønsted acid catalysis, alongside an assortment of catalysts is provided. Although asymmetric organocatalysis has etched itself in history, we aim to showcase the scientific metamorphosis of Indian research from baby steps to large strides within this field.

1 Introduction

2 Non-Covalent Catalysis and Its Various Activation Modes

3 Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis

3.1 Urea- and Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts

3.1.1 Thiourea-Derived Organocatalysts

3.1.2 Urea-Derived Organocatalysts

3.2 Squaramide-Derived Organocatalysts

3.2.1 Michael Reactions

3.2.2 C-Alkylation Reactions

3.2.3 Mannich Reactions

3.2.4 [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions

3.3 Cinchona-Alkaloid-Derived Organocatalysts

3.3.1 Michael Reactions

3.3.2 Aldol Reactions

3.3.3 Friedel–Crafts Reactions

3.3.4 Vinylogous Alkylation of 4-Methylcoumarins

3.3.5 C-Sulfenylation Reactions

3.3.6 Peroxyhemiacetalisation of Isochromans

3.3.7 Diels–Alder Reactions

3.3.8 Cycloaddition Reactions

3.3.9 Morita–Baylis–Hilman Reactions

4 Brønsted Acid Derived Organocatalysts

4.1 Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis

4.1.1 Diels–Alder Reactions

4.1.2 Addition of Ketimines

4.1.3 Annulation of Acyclic Enecarbamates

5 Conclusion
COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Embolism: Review of the Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Ortega-Paz Luis , Talasaz Azita H. , Sadeghipour Parham , Potpara Tatjana S. , Aronow Herbert D. , Jara-Palomares Luis , Sholzberg Michelle , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Bikdeli Behnood
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is associated with endothelial activation in the setting of a potent inflammatory reaction and a hypercoagulable state. The end result of this thromboinflammatory state is an excess in thrombotic events, in particular venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been of special interest in patients with COVID-19 given its association with respiratory deterioration, increased risk of intensive care unit admission, and prolonged hospital stay. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19-associated PE may differ from the conventional non–COVID-19-associated PE. In addition to embolic events from deep vein thrombi, in situ pulmonary thrombosis, particularly in smaller vascular beds, may be relevant in patients with COVID-19. Appropriate prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 has therefore become of critical interest. Several changes in viral biology, vaccination, and treatment management during the pandemic may have resulted in changes in incidence trends. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of COVID-19-associated PE. Furthermore, we briefly summarize the results from randomized controlled trials of preventive antithrombotic therapies in COVID-19, focusing on their findings related to PE. We discuss the acute treatment of COVID-19-associated PE, which is substantially similar to the management of conventional non-COVID-19 PE. Ultimately, we comment on the current knowledge gaps in the evidence and the future directions in the treatment and follow-up of COVID-19-associated PE, including long-term management, and its possible association with long-COVID.
High resolution two-dimensional infrared (HR-2DIR) spectroscopy of gas phase molecules
Authors: Daniels DeAunna A. , Wells Thresa A. , Chen Peter C.
Published: October 2022

Two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy has become an established method for generating vibrational spectra in condensed phase samples composed of mixtures that yield heavily congested infrared and Raman spectra. These condensed phase 2DIR spectrometers can provide very high temporal resolution (<1 ps), but the spectral resolution is generally insufficient for resolving rotational peaks in gas phase spectra. Conventional (1D) rovibrational spectra of gas phase molecules are often plagued by severe spectral congestion, even when the sample is not a mixture. Spectral congestion can obscure the patterns in rovibrational spectra that are needed to assign peaks in the spectra. A method for generating high resolution 2DIR spectra of gas phase molecules has now been developed and tested using methane as the sample. The 2D rovibrational patterns that are recorded resemble an asterisk with a center position that provides the frequencies of both of the two coupled vibrational levels. The ability to generate easily recognizable 2D rovibrational patterns, regardless of temperature, should make the technique useful for a wide range of applications that are otherwise difficult or impossible when using conventional 1D rovibrational spectroscopy.
The liquid film behaviors created by an inclined jet impinging on a vertical wall
Authors: Liu Chuansheng , Yu Jun , Tang Chenglong , Zhang Peng , Huang Zuohua
Published: October 2022

Liquid films created by inclined jet-wall impingement are commonly seen in industrial applications. We investigated the liquid film behaviors created by an inclined jet impinging on a vertical glass wall using a brightness-based laser-induced fluorescence method. It was found that the typical liquid film by an inclined jet-wall impingement consists of the thin layer zone, the raised zone, the liquid node, and the trailing edge. The liquid film expands with higher impingement velocity but keeps the same elliptical shape. A normalized linear correlation is proposed to estimate the liquid film thickness. Based on the continuity equation and the empirical convection model, the Reynolds number distribution is deduced from the film thickness distribution. The Reynolds number in the thin layer zone is less than the critical Reynolds number. The surface waves in the thin layer zone are divided into the ripple waves and the disturbance waves. The disturbance waves have a larger wavelength and amplitude than the ripple waves. The quantitative measurement of the disturbance waves shows that the wavelength and amplitude increase linearly along the radial distance. The smaller impingement velocity does not change the growth rate of the wavelength but accelerates the development of the amplitude.
On the role of intermolecular vibrational motions for ice polymorphs. IV. Anisotropy in the thermal expansivity and the nonaffine deformation for ice IX and III
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Matsumoto Masakazu , Yagasaki Takuma
Published: October 2022

We explore anisotropic properties in the thermal expansivities of hydrogen-ordered ice IX and its hydrogen-disordered counterpart, ice III. The free energies of these ice forms are calculated to obtain the lattice constants for the tetragonal unit cell and the thermal expansivities at various thermodynamic conditions in the framework of quasi-harmonic approximation, taking account of their anisotropic nature. The thermal expansivities are also examined by applying a thermodynamic relation that connects them with the Grüneisen parameters and the elastic compliances. Both calculations suggest that ice III and IX exhibit a negative thermal expansion along the a-axis but have a positive one along the c-axis at low temperatures. It is found that nonaffine deformation in the variation of the lattice constant beyond affine transformation (the Born approximation) is essential in the theoretical calculation of the thermal properties of ice III and IX. We also find that the nonaffine deformation is described by the shift of the minimum energy positions in the potential manifold of hydrogen-ordered ice along a limited number of the normal mode coordinates, which is irrelevant to the system size. These modes become unstable against an applied strain, so that the potential minimum moves along those normal coordinates away from that of the affine-transformed structure. The unstable modes are all symmetry-preserving modes, and the space-group symmetry is an invariant under displacement along either of those normal coordinates. The number of the unstable modes in ice IX is 8 while it is 1 in another hydrogen-ordered ice VIII.
The importance of appropriate taxonomy in Australian mammalogy
Authors: Jackson S. M. , Baker A. M. , Eldridge M. D. B. , Fisher D. O. , Frankham G. J. , Lavery T. H. , MacDonald A. J. , Menkhorst P. W. , Phillips M. J. , Potter S. , Rowe K. C. , Travouillon K. J. , Umbrello L. S.
Published: October 2022

The use of correct taxonomy to describe and name the earth’s biodiversity is fundamental to conservation and management. However, there are issues that need to be overcome to ensure that the described taxa and their scientific names are both appropriate and widely adopted. Obstacles to this include the use of different species definitions, taxonomic instability due to accumulation of additional specimens in analyses and the progression of science that allows better resolution of species boundaries, and the inappropriate description and naming of new taxa without adequate scientific basis in self-published journals (known as ‘taxonomic vandalism’). In an effort to manage taxonomic instability, the Australasian Mammal Taxonomy Consortium (AMTC), an affiliated body of the Australian Mammal Society, has developed several tools that include: (1) a standardised list of Australian mammal common and scientific names; (2) recommendations for information that should be included in published species descriptions; and (3) support for the publication of aspidonyms (i.e. a scientifically acceptable name proposed to overwrite a pre-existing unscientific name). This review discusses these issues, reaffirms the foundations for appropriate taxonomic research, and provides guidelines for those publishing taxonomic research on Australian mammals.
Adaptive processing and perceptual learning in visual cortical areas V1 and V4
Authors: Astorga Guadalupe , Chen Minggui , Yan Yin , Altavini Tiago Siebert , Jiang Caroline S. , Li Wu , Gilbert Charles
Published: October 2022

Neurons in visual cortical areas primary visual cortex (V1) and V4 are adaptive processors, influenced by perceptual task. This is reflected in their ability to segment the visual scene into task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimulus components and by changing their tuning to task-relevant stimulus properties according to the current top-down instruction. Differences between the information represented in each area were seen. While V1 represented detailed stimulus characteristics, V4 filtered the input from V1 to carry the binary information required for the two-alternative judgement task. Neurons in V1 were activated at locations where the behaviorally relevant stimulus was placed well outside the grating-mapped receptive field. By systematically following the development of the task-dependent signals over the course of perceptual learning, we found that neuronal selectivity for task-relevant information was initially seen in V4 and, over a period of weeks, subsequently in V1. Once the learned information was represented in V1, on any given trial, task-relevant information appeared initially in V1 responses, followed by a 12-ms delay in V4. We propose that the shifting representation of learned information constitutes a mechanism for systems consolidation of memory.
Behaviour of Nigerian indigenous chickens
Authors: Iyasere Oluwaseun S. , Durosaro Samuel O. , Taylor Peta S. , Oyeniran Victor J. , Wheto Mathew , Daramola James O.
Published: October 2022

Nigerian indigenous chickens (NICs) have undergone several years of natural selection and still maintain their natural behavioural repertoire close to that of the red jungle fowl. The three common genotypes of the NICs are normal, frizzle and naked neck, with the normal feather closest to the red jungle fowl and consisting of >90% of the population. Currently, there is scanty information on the behaviour of NIC. This review will focus on various behaviours of NICs such as feeding/foraging, sexual, nesting, egg-laying, brooding, maternal care, vocalization, and sleeping. Special behavioural cases such as cock-hen preference and mixed brooding are also discussed. We also present here for the first time some preliminary vocalization characteristics of NICs. Comparisons of the behaviours of NICs, their ancestor red jungle fowl, and other native chickens are also made. The information obtained from this review will help chicken farmers to manage their birds better. Also, information obtained from this review contributes to the field of chicken behavioural science, since behaviours are linked with welfare issues in chickens.
Book Review: “Harnessing the Power of Equine Assisting Counseling: Adding Animal Assisted Therapy to Your Practice” (2012)
Authors: Sudekum Trotter Kay , Matamonasa-Bennett Arieahn
Published: October 2022

This edited volume, published by Routledge in 2012, is written for mental health professionals who are interested in incorporating equine assisted counseling techniques into their practice modalities. Trotter collected a wide range of essays
from
counselors working with horses in clinical practice
for
counselors interested in this therapeutic intervention. In her introduction, Trotter provides information on her background in the field, including her doctoral dissertation and subsequent publication on the efficacy of group equine assisted counseling with at-risk children (
Trotter, Chandler, Goodwin-Bond, & Casey, 2008
). Additionally, she offers readers suggestions on how to best use this book as well as detailed biographies on each of the essay contributors.
Influence of Biographical Variables and Academic Background on Attitudes towards Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: López-Cepero J. , Perea-Mediavilla M.A. , Sarasola J.L. , Tejada A.
Published: October 2022

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence of the benefits of animal-assisted interventions (AAI) among diverse groups and settings. However, little is known of the variables that can affect the attitudes of professionals towards these interventions. Two studies were done with university students in southern Spain. The first study (N=474, 80% women, M=23 years old) showed that personal experience with companion animals was the variable that best predicted intent to practice AAI, following by information received by the mass media and gender (higher intent among men). In this study, neither reading scientific literature on the topic nor formal training in AAI had a significant effect. The second study (N=22 women, M=24.5 years old) evaluated the change in attitudes before and after a three-hour learning session that included technical information and practical exercises. According to this study, 95% of the participants had higher expectations for AAI after the session, a change that can be attributed mainly to the direct experience with the animal and to a lesser extent, to the conceptual and scientific contents of the session. Researchers discuss the implicit risk of confusion detected between personal preferences and the technical capacity of AAI, revealing a need for training that is not currently covered in undergraduate studies.
“Before, he fought every day with the horse and with me”: Reducing Violence in a Guatemalan Community through a Horse-Handling Program
Authors: Gibbons Judith L. , Cunningham Catherine A. , Paiz Leslie , Poelker Katelyn E. , Montufar Cardenas Marco Antonio
Published: October 2022

Community and family violence are endemic in Guatemala. We evaluated the effectiveness of a horse-handling program to reduce violent attitudes and aggressive behavior. Eighteen community members who worked with horses in their daily lives (16 men, 2 women, ages 15 to 58) participated in four weekly sessions of embodied experiences with horses. The program taught Monty Roberts’ Join-Up
®
, a method of non-violent handling, as well as desensitization of horses to feared objects. Compared to the pretest, on a posttest participants were less likely to endorse violent attitudes with respect to wife-beating, corporal punishment of children, and physical punishment of horses. Their horses also were less reactive to the owner’s approach. Female relatives reported that following the program participants provided better care for horses and were calmer and less aggressive with other people. These findings imply that an equine-facilitated program shows promise for transforming communities in which violence is prevalent.
The Impact of an Equine Facilitated Learning Program on Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Erdman Phyllis , Miller Darcy , Jacobson Sue
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an equine facilitated learning program on youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who were paired with typically developing peers. Even though there has been an increasing interest in the field of animal assisted interventions and the benefits for youth with ASD, to date there is no research on using equine facilitated, peer assisted learning programs, emphasizing ground work rather than riding, with youth with ASD. An exploratory, mixed methods case study design was used with 3 youth with ASD and 3 youth without disabilities. An equine program based on a natural horsemanship framework that emphasized groundwork was implemented over 10 weeks of after-school sessions. Data from behavioral observations, parent interviews, and the Social Responsiveness Scale indicate that the three youth with ASD improved their social awareness and social cognition, with two of the youth also improving their social motivation. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Face Processing of Animal and Human Static Stimuli by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Grandgeorge Marine , Degrez Céline , Alavi Zarrin , Lemonnier Eric
Published: October 2022

Animals are part of humans’ social environment and present numerous benefits. Each partner in a human-animal interaction uses signals emitted by the other (e.g. postures, gestures or gaze directions) to collect information to adjust their behaviour. Face processing impairment is associated with social interaction impairment observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). For example children with ASD explore human eyes visually less than do neurotypical (NT) children. Given the strong bonding between ASD children and animals, we hypothesized that animal face processing by ASD is normal. Thus, our study compared ASD (n=12) and NT (n=18) childrens’ patterns of fixation of animal (horse, dog, and cat) and human faces in a passive viewing task using an eye tracking technique. Our results, using animal pictures, confirmed that the eyes were the part of the face looked at the longest by NT children and, to a lesser extent, by ASD children, but only NT children looked at the eyes of human pictures longer than other parts. Familiarity with animals seemed to modulate the exploration of animal, especially cat faces. Implications for understanding social interaction impairment related to ASD are discussed.
Shelter-Specific Occupational Stress among Employees in Animal Shelters
Authors: Schneider Margaret , Roberts Jesse
Published: October 2022

In the past 10 years a small number of articles have examined the personal and organizational costs associated with euthanasia-related strain among employees in animal shelters. However, there is very little research focusing on a wider range of potentialstressors especially without a pre-existing assumption that euthanasia is the most stressful part of the job. A few studies have identified other sources of stress among shelter workers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the range of factors that may contribute to occupational stress in shelter workers. This study utilized a semi-structured interview. The participants were 22 shelter employees from seven shelters in Ontario, Canada and the northeastern United States. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Three categories of stressors were identified: a) those that are unique or largely unique to the shelter setting; b) those that can be found in a wide variety of occupations; and c) those that can be found in a wide variety of occupations, but are played out in unique ways in shelters. The stressors in the first category are reported here. Although euthanasia was a significant factor for 21 participants, five other major sources of stress were identified. Twenty-one participants cited the public’s perceptions of animal shelters and 18 cited rude and abusive human clients. Twelve cited relationships with the animals including attachment issues. Eight identified responsibility for life as a stressor. Eleven identified witnessing animal suffering.
Acquiring a Dog and Walking It: A Preliminary Examination of the Possible Physical Activity and Health Benefits
Authors: Duvall Antonacopoulos Nikolina M. , Pychyl Timothy A.
Published: October 2022

In light of the detrimental health consequences associated with insufficient physical activity, there is growing concern about the low percentage of adults who are sufficiently active. Given that some researchers have recommended that acquiring a dog should be promoted as a means of increasing physical activity, this longitudinal study examined whether acquiring a dog and walking it leads to an increase in physical activity. Results revealed that participants in the acquired-dog group (
n
= 17) increased their moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in 10-minute bouts from baseline to 8 months, while there was no change in the control group (
n
= 28). The present study also examined whether, if dog owners become more physically active, this results in health benefits. Although individuals in the acquired-dog group increased their physical activity, they did not experience any improvements in their physical or psychological health over the course of the study relative to the control group. However, it is noteworthy that the majority of the acquired-dog group perceived that acquiring a dog had positively affected their health. Taken together, these findings suggest that acquiring a dog and walking it merits further attention as a way of increasing physical activity and there is a need for additional research on the possible physical activity-related health benefits from dog walking.
Examining the impact of a brief human-canine interaction on stress and attention
Authors: Banks Jonathan B. , McCoy Caitlin , Trzcinski Courtney
Published: October 2022

The interaction between humans and canines has been linked to a variety of benefits including reductions in ADHD symptoms in children, depression symptoms in nursing home patients, and PTSD symptoms in veterans returning from war. Although the inclusion of therapy dogs on college campuses has increased over the last few years, little evidence exists demonstrating the effect of canine interaction in these settings. The current study examined the effects of college student’s interactions with therapy dogs during an exam period. Fifty-six students interacted with therapy dogs before or after completing measures of sustained attention, mind wandering, perceived stress, cognitive test anxiety, and state anxiety. Interacting with the therapy dogs reduced state anxiety and resulted in lower perceived stress but did not alter sustained attention task performance or mind wandering. The results suggest that interaction with therapy dogs may help reduce perception of stress and anxiety but may not alter the cognitive functions measured in the current study. Due to the levels of stress that college students experience during exam periods, on-campus therapy dog programs may provide a low, cost effective intervention that universities could implement to benefit their students.
Human-Animal Interaction and Metaphor in Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy: Empirical Support for the EAGALA Model
Authors: Fournier Angela K. , Letson Elizabeth A. , Berry Thomas D. , Pasiuk Emma Leigh
Published: October 2022

Research was conducted on equine-assisted psychotherapy and learning (EAP), aimed at identifying and examining process variables. A total of 112 men and women participated in a correlational study, permitting the use of self-report data from EAP sessions within the model of the Equine-Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA). Human-animal interaction and metaphor were studied as process variables, while subjective distress and psychosocial learning were investigated as outcome variables. Participants reported a range of interactions between humans and horses, and the quantity of human-animal interaction was a significant predictor of reduced subjective distress. Metaphor data indicated horses most often represented family, friends, or feelings. Analyses suggest the relationship between human-animal interaction and psychosocial learning is mediated by the extent to which horses serve as metaphors for people and issues in the client’s life, providing empirical support for EAGALA’s notion that metaphor is critical to EAP outcomes. Findings are discussed as they relate to developing theory on the role of human-animal interaction in EAP and other animal-assisted therapies.