bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G0 arrest gene patterns to predict the prognosis and drug sensitivity of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Yong , Li Zhilong , Li Dongbing , Zheng Baozhen , Xue Yanfeng
Published: August 2024

G0 arrest (G0A) is widely recognized as a crucial factor contributing to tumor relapse. The role of genes related to G0A in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was unclear. This study aimed to develop a gene signature based on for LUAD patients and investigate its relationship with prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment, and therapeutic response in LUAD. We use the TCGA-LUAD database as the discovery cohort, focusing specifically on genes associated with the G0A pathway. We used various statistical methods, including Cox and lasso regression, to develop the model. We validated the model using bulk transcriptome and single-cell transcriptome datasets (GSE50081, GSE72094, GSE127465, GSE131907 and EMTAB6149). We used GSEA enrichment and the CIBERSORT algorithm to gain insight into the annotation of the signaling pathway and the characterization of the tumor microenvironment. We evaluated the response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy in these patients. The expression of six genes was validated in cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Our study successfully established a six-gene signature (CHCHD4, DUT, LARP1, PTTG1IP, RBM14, and WBP11) that demonstrated significant predictive power for overall survival in patients with LUAD. It demonstrated independent prognostic value in LUAD. To enhance clinical applicability, we developed a nomogram based on this gene signature, which showed high reliability in predicting patient outcomes. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between G0A-related risk and tumor microenvironment as well as drug susceptibility, highlighting the potential of the gene signature to guide personalized treatment strategies. The expression of six genes were significantly upregulated in the LUAD cell lines. This signature holds the potential to contribute to improved prognostic prediction and new personalized therapies specifically for LUAD patients.
Comparison of adult versus elderly patients with abdominal trauma: A retrospective database analysis
Authors: Dash Jeremy , Andereggen Elisabeth , Bentellis Imad , Massalou Damien
Published: August 2024

Background

The growing geriatric population has specific medical characteristics that should be taken into account especially in trauma setting. There is little evidence on management of abdominal trauma in the elderly and this article compares the management and outcomes of younger and older patients in order to highlight fields of improvement.

Method

We conducted a retrospective database analysis from two European university hospitals selecting patients admitted for abdominal injury and extracted the following data: epidemiological data, mechanisms of the trauma, vital signs, blood tests, injuries, applied treatments, trauma scores and outcomes. We compared to different age group (16–64 and 65+ years old) using uni- and multivariable analysis.

Results

1181 patients were included for statistical analysis. The main mechanisms of injury in both group were traffic accidents and in the elderly group, falls were more frequent. Both had similar Abbreviated Injury Score except for the thoracic injuries, which was higher in the elderly group. We reported a death rate of 13% in the elderly group and 7% in the younger group. However, multivariable analysis did not report age as an independent predictor of mortality. The management including surgery, blood transfusion and need for intensive care were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

Although elderly patients suffering abdominal trauma have an almost two fold higher mortality, their management is quite similar leading to an important point of improvement in regards to triage and lower threshold for more aggressive management and surveillance. Age itself does not seem to be a reliable predictor of mortality. Introducing a frailty score when taking care of elderly trauma patients could improve the outcomes.
Postcards from faraway: Utopia for today, dystopia for tomorrow
Authors: Arribas Cristina
Published: August 2024

When urban spaces are concerned, Americanization was a cornerstone of the tourist utopia in Spain. In its quest for economic modernization, the development of tourism in the 1960s and 1970s brought about immediate changes in the landscape, which was remodelled to become consumable. Objectivizing both the tourist experience and the consumerism that it induces, postcards offer a meaningful example of this new world in colour. By putting into circulation the developmental ‘ideal’, postcards also highlighted its fragility and foreshadowed its destruction. Utopia or development? Postcards do not lie, or do they?
Intravenous Lidocaine for Refractory Pain in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Chronic Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Prospective Nonrandomized Pilot Study
Authors: Augustinus Simone , Bieze Matthanja , Van Veldhuisen Charlotte L. , Boermeester Marja A. , Bonsing Bert A. , Bouwense Stefan A.W. , Bruno Marco J. , Busch Olivier R. , Ten Hoope Werner , Kallewaard Jan-Willem , van Kranen Henk J. , Niesters Marieke , Schellekens Niels C.J. , Steegers Monique A.H. , Voermans Rogier P. , de Vos-Geelen Judith , Wilmink Johanna W. , Van Zundert Jan H.M. , van Eijck Casper H. , Besselink Marc G. , Hollmann Markus W. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group,   the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Refractory pain is a major clinical problem in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). New, effective therapies to reduce pain are urgently needed. Intravenous lidocaine is used in clinical practice in patients with PDAC and CP, but its efficacy has not been studied prospectively.

METHODS:

Multicenter prospective nonrandomized pilot study included patients with moderate or severe pain (Numeric Rating Scale ≥ 4) associated with PDAC or CP in 5 Dutch centers. An intravenous lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg/kg was followed by continuous infusion at 1.5 mg/kg/hr. The dose was raised every 15 minutes until treatment response (up to a maximum 2 mg/kg/hr) and consecutively administered for 2 hours. Primary outcome was the mean difference in pain severity, preinfusion, and the first day after (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] scale 1–10). A BPI decrease ≥1.3 points was considered clinically relevant.

RESULTS:

Overall, 30 patients were included, 19 with PDAC (63%) and 11 with CP (37%). The mean difference in BPI at day 1 was 1.1 (SD ± 1.3) points for patients with PDAC and 0.5 (SD ± 1.7) for patients with CP. A clinically relevant decrease in BPI on day 1 was reported in 9 of 29 patients (31%), and this response lasted up to 1 month. No serious complications were reported, and only 3 minor complications (vertigo, nausea, and tingling of mouth). Treatment with lidocaine did not impact quality of life.

DISCUSSION:

Intravenous lidocaine in patients with painful PDAC and CP did not show an overall clinically relevant reduction of pain. However, this pilot study shows that the treatment is feasible in this patient group and had a positive effect in a third of patients which lasted up to a month with only minor side effects. To prove or exclude the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine, the study should be performed in a study with a greater sample size and less heterogeneous patient group.
Biopiracy and the Regulatory Framework for Material Transfer Agreements in Indonesia
Authors: Masrur Devica Rully , Yulia Yulia , Zainol Zinatul Ashiqin , Akpoviri Frank I
Published: August 2024

Biopiracy, the misappropriation of biological and genetic resources including the ones related to traditional knowledge, is a major challenge to some of the world’s megadiverse countries. Indonesia has been a major victim of biopiracy, facilitated by the current patent system. This article examines the case of Indonesia, the second richest of the seventeen identified megadiverse countries. The patent system aims to protect the rights of inventors, but the patent system causes injustice in cases of biopiracy. This research aims to analyse the Indonesian government's policies in dealing with biopiracy cases in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research which uses the approaches of national and international law, biopiracy case, and conceptual. The Indonesian government has changed the patent law to deal with biopiracy cases through Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patent disclosure requirements and has also introduced the Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) in 2009 to address this problem. They can help in controlling access to the country’s resources based on prior informed consent, promoting collaboration between local and foreign researchers, and ensuring benefit-sharing. However, the realization of these objectives may be undermined by the country’s lack of capacity to monitor compliance with the MTA conditions, the inappropriate use of Intellectual property rights (IPRs), and MTA provisions that allow recipients to transfer material and derivatives to third parties without the country’s consent.
Über Erfüllung
Authors: Klein Martin , Schmidt Philipp
Published: August 2024

In his 1956 book Das Gemüt, Stephan Strasser presents an original phenomenological investigation into human happiness and pleasure. We will examine Strasser’s theory of happiness in more detail and reveal how he incorporates important phenomenological insights from Thomas Aquinas’ theory of the passions of the soul. Both Strasser and Aquinas view happiness as the fulfilment of intentional striving and differentiate between various feelings associated with the pursuit and attainment of a goal, such as joy and pleasure. However, while Aquinas believes that only an imperfect form of happiness can be attained in this life, Strasser aims to determine the essence of the highest form of happiness possible for human beings as the felt anticipation of perfect happiness in the future. Strasser, therefore, interprets Aquinas’ theory through the lens of an existential-phenomenological approach.
Innovative approaches to enhancing crack repair: Performance optimization of biopolymer-infused CXT
Authors: Asvitha Valli Sankaranarayanan , Ravi Kumar Muthuswamy Saraswathi
Published: August 2024

Biopolymer-modified cementitious repair material (CXT) is a composite material designed to enhance the properties of traditional cementitious materials through the incorporation of biopolymers. CXT is formed by blending cement (C) with biopolymers such as xanthan gum (XG) and additives like tartaric acid (TA), which improve the material’s performance characteristics. This study investigates the effects of varying dosages of XG, TA contents, and curing durations on the performance characteristics of CXT. We evaluated key performance indicators, including the flowability, workability, setting time, compressive strength, and shrinkage. The optimal formulation XG 1:2 TA0.6 achieved a maximum compressive strength of 25 N·mm−² and a flexural strength of 9.4 N·mm−², with negligible shrinkage. The results showed rapid early strength development, with the material reaching over 77% of its final compressive strength within the first 14 days. These findings highlight the potential of CXT for crack-repair applications, offering improved workability, accelerated setting times, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional repair materials. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the formulation of CXT for enhanced performance in real-world applications.
Bioremediation of p-nitrophenol using an indigenous algal strain Tetradesmus sp. NITD18: a sustainable approach
Authors: Kandar Bulti , Rai Abhilasha , Dutta Susmita , Ghanta Kartik Chandra
Published: August 2024

The present study assessed the capability of Tetradesmus sp. NITD18, a green algal strain collected from the run-off water of a gas producing industry at Durgapur, for removing p-nitrophenol (PNP) from synthetic wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of 59.64 ± 0.30 % was observed at an initial PNP concentration of 5 mg/L, initial pH 7, inoculum size of 15 % (v/v), and an incubation period of 15 days. The effect of pH (7–12) and inoculum sizes (5–15 %) on the removal of PNP using the test strain was assessed by varying these parameters judiciously. The results suggested that the Tetradesmus sp. NITD18 strain has considerable potential for PNP removal from wastewater.
Management of subepithelial esophageal tumors
Authors: Schneider Marcel A. , Vetter Diana , Gutschow Christian A.
Published: August 2024

Subepithelial esophageal tumors (SET) are normally benign intramural esophageal lesions of mesenchymal origin. Although rare, the incidence of SET has increased in recent decades due to the more widespread use of endoscopy and diagnostic imaging. The current review aims to provide an overview of the histopathologic spectrum and the most frequent entities including leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), diagnostic workup, and multidisciplinary treatment options. Staging for SET should include endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and tissue sampling. Current consensus guidelines recommend that SET suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) larger than 20 mm or lesions with high-risk stigmata should undergo tissue sampling. Most SET have an excellent long-term outcome, but malignancy may be present in certain subtypes. Asymptomatic SET without high-risk stigmata discovered incidentally usually do not require specific treatment. However, depending on the size and location of the lesion symptoms may occur. Therapeutic interventions range from endoscopic interventional resections to major surgical procedures. Enucleation via minimally invasive or robotic-assisted access remains the standard of care for most SET sub-entities.
Deep learning for automated boundary detection and segmentation in organ donation photography
Authors: Kourounis Georgios , Elmahmudi Ali Ahmed , Thomson Brian , Nandi Robin , Tingle Samuel J. , Glover Emily K. , Thompson Emily , Mahendran Balaji , Connelly Chloe , Gibson Beth , Bates Lucy , Sheerin Neil S. , Hunter James , Ugail Hassan , Wilson Colin
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Medical photography is ubiquitous and plays an increasingly important role in the fields of medicine and surgery. Any assessment of these photographs by computer vision algorithms requires first that the area of interest can accurately be delineated from the background. We aimed to develop deep learning segmentation models for kidney and liver organ donation photographs where accurate automated segmentation has not yet been described.

Methods

Two novel deep learning models (Detectron2 and YoloV8) were developed using transfer learning and compared against existing tools for background removal (macBGRemoval, remBGisnet, remBGu2net). Anonymised photograph datasets comprised training/internal validation sets (821 kidney and 400 liver images) and external validation sets (203 kidney and 208 liver images). Each image had two segmentation labels: whole organ and clear view (parenchyma only). Intersection over Union (IoU) was the primary outcome, as the recommended metric for assessing segmentation performance.

Results

In whole kidney segmentation, Detectron2 and YoloV8 outperformed other models with internal validation IoU of 0.93 and 0.94, and external validation IoU of 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. Other methods – macBGRemoval, remBGisnet and remBGu2net – scored lower, with highest internal validation IoU at 0.54 and external validation at 0.59. Similar results were observed in liver segmentation, where Detectron2 and YoloV8 both showed internal validation IoU of 0.97 and external validation of 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. The other models showed a maximum internal validation and external validation IoU of 0.89 and 0.59 respectively. All image segmentation tasks with Detectron2 and YoloV8 completed within 0.13–1.5 s per image.

Conclusions

Accurate, rapid and automated image segmentation in the context of surgical photography is possible with open-source deep-learning software. These outperform existing methods and could impact the field of surgery, enabling similar advancements seen in other areas of medical computer vision.
Splice loss in dual mode triangular index fibers: an analytic approach in the presence of nonlinearity for various V numbers
Authors: Biswas Bappa Ditya , Majumdar Angshuman , Dhar Adriza , Rakshit Ramkrishna
Published: August 2024

We report mathematical techniques for determining the coefficient of transmission at the splice, where anomalies like transverse and angular are present. The investigation involves the first mode of higher order (LP11) in Kerr pattern nonlinear fiber. In this case, the LP11 mode for the triangular index (TI) profile is calculated using a standard power series. Chebyshev formalism is the source of the aforementioned term. When there is third-order nonlinearity (TON), the iteration approach is utilized on the analytical mathematical terms to obtain the characteristics listed above. It has been demonstrated that our findings closely match the simulated exact outcomes obtained with the complex finite element method (FEM). Consequently, the suggested straightforward and precise technique offers enormous promise for investigating alternative propagation characteristics in dual-mode fibers.
Syntactic pausing? Re-examining the associations
Authors: Peck Naomi , Becker Laura
Published: August 2024

In this study, we look at the distribution of silent pauses within existing multi-language corpora to see whether their location and duration correlate with clause boundaries. Our study is based on data of seven languages from Multi-CAST. We supplemented the original clause boundary annotations with information about silent pauses in order to investigate the alignment of clause boundaries and pausing. We find a gradient association between clause boundary strength and the probability of a pause and a two-way distinction for pause duration within clauses and at clause boundaries.
Language science outreach through schools and social media: critical considerations
Authors: Righter Lillianna , Garrison Hallie , Bergelson Elika
Published: August 2024

As researchers who rely on federal funding and community participation, we have an obligation to return scientific knowledge to the community. Our outreach goals are to share information about language development and sensory impairments, introduce language science to future scientists, distribute scientific results accessibly, and illuminate the breadth of what science and scientists look like. We seek to achieve this in two ways: by sharing about language science beyond the ivory tower through short videos on social media and easy-to-read articles on our blog, and through educational outreach. For the latter, in recent efforts we designed and implemented after-school programming for young public schoolchildren, targeting early negative attitudes about STEM abilities. We presented profiles of underrepresented scientists in a range of fields, including language science, and discussed language modalities using observation games to help children appreciate science as a creative process of questions and failure – something they could do, not just “others” who do not look like them. We used the Draw-a-Scientist Task to assess our impact: children’s drawings were more representative after our program. In this article, we explore our missteps, difficulties, and successes.
Exploring the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Libraries: A Study on Librarians’ Perspectives in India
Authors: Kalbande Dattatraya , Yuvaraj Mayank , Verma Manoj Kumar , A. Subaveerapandiyan , Suradkar Priya , Chavan Subhash
Published: August 2024

This study explores Indian library and information science (LIS) professionals’ perspectives on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in academic libraries in India. It aims to evaluate their comprehension of AI, determine their perspectives, investigate AI utilization, assess advantages, identify influencing factors, and examine attitudes towards AI adoption. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire designed based on study objectives and reviewed by subject matter experts. Purposive sampling targeted individuals with relevant LIS knowledge. Data were collected through Google Forms from 259 respondents and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Respondents generally exhibited positive perceptions towards AI integration in libraries. High mean scores were observed for statements such as “AI can bridge librarian performance gaps” and “AI does not make library staff lazy.” Librarians expressed willingness to learn about AI, interest in its ethical implications, and confidence in its potential to improve library services. The study highlights a cautious optimism towards AI adoption in Indian academic libraries, with recognition of its potential benefits tempered by concerns about employment and resource allocation. Librarians demonstrate proactive attitudes towards engaging with AI technology and understanding its implications for library services, indicating a readiness to embrace AI within the profession.
The Detection of ChatGPT’s Textual Crumb Trails is an Unsustainable Solution to Imperfect Detection Methods
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: August 2024

A recent disruptive innovation to scientific publishing is OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a large language model. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and COPE, and COPE member journals or publishers, set limitations to ChatGPT’s involvement in academic writing, requesting authors to declare its use. Those guidelines are practically useless because they ignore two fundamentals: first, academics who cheat to achieve success will not declare the use of ChatGPT; second, they fail to explicitly assign the responsibility of detection to editors, journals, and publishers. Using two primers, i.e., residual text that may reflect traces of ChatGPT’s output but that authors may have forgotten to remove from their articles, this commentary draws readers’ attention to 46 open-access examples sourced from PubPeer. Even though editors should be obliged to investigate such cases, a primer-based detection of ChatGPT’s textual crumb trails is only a temporary measure and not a sustainable solution because it relies on the detection of carelessness.
The study of cascading effect in the integration of intake with gas turbine engine bay in subsonic cruise vehicle
Authors: Yogesh Thuraganur V. , Nidamarty Laasya P. , Ramanamurty Seepana V. , Panigrahi Sashi K.
Published: August 2024

Submerged air intake is often acquainted with the merit of reducing the drag and fitting well within the frame of weight constraints imposed on subsonic cruise vehicle. A novel method for designing an Intake was developed by GTRE, which has been successful with the validation against wind tunnel testing. The designed intake has been integrated with engine bay area of subsonic cruise vehicle. In this study, a provision of bleed from the ramp surface of the intake into the bay through splitter is used for cooling the engine frame, mechanical fixtures, oil tank and other electronic instruments mounted around the engine frame. Different sets of cowl ventilation slots provided on the bay wall will effuse this by-pass air from the intake into the atmosphere there by influencing the heat distribution within the bay area. The cascading effect of the intake with the bay area is extensively studied in this paper.
A inscrição do discurso do esquizofrênico no discurso religioso
Authors: Borba Patrícia Laubino
Published: August 2024

O estudo investiga o estabelecimento de referência no discurso do esquizofrênico na perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em uma entrevista em que o paciente se inscreve no discurso da igreja pentecostal e estabelecereferências a referentes pré-construídos nesse discurso. Para analisarmos o funcionamento da referência realizada pelo paciente, estudamos primeiramente como os fiéis nãoesquizofrênicos dessa igreja referenciam esse discurso, para podermos comparar os dois funcionamentos. Nossas conclusões a respeito dessa análise são que, apesar de haver estabelecimento de referência no discurso do esquizofrênico e essa ser submetida ao interdiscurso, há nesse discurso um efeito de imposição, ao invés de adesão, como ocorrenos discursos dos não-esquizofrênicos.
Entrevistas com Anita Wenden e Flávia Vieira sobre autonomia
Authors: Xavier dos Santos Vera
Published: August 2024

A entrevista com Anita Wenden (AW), da City University of New York e com Flávia Vieira (FV), da Universidade do Minho em Portugal foi conduzida via e-mail pela Professora Vera Xavier dos Santos (VXS), a pedido da Revista Linguagem & Ensino). Para manter a uniformidade lingüística do texto, a parte da Professora Anita foi traduzida para o português. Agradeço a Professora Vera pela boa vontade e competência acadêmica com que conduziu a entrevista dupla e pela tradução do texto quando em inglês.
Relationship of Alanine Aminotransferase (SGPT) with other Liver Biomarkers
Authors: Nath Das Rabindra , Lee Youngjo , Mukherjee Sabyasachi , Kim Jinseog
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The report focuses the relationship of Alanine Aminotransferase (SGPT) with other liver biomarkers along with age, sex and types of the patients. Background: Very few research articles have considered the relationship of SGPT with many liver biomarkers along with age, sex and types of the patients. Materials and Methods: A real data set of 583 (416 liver & 167 non-liver) patients with 11 (2 attribute & 9 continuous) study characters are considered in the report. Probabilistic joint generalized linear models (JGLMs) are adopted, considering both Gamma & Lognormal distributions. Results: The mean SGPT is negatively associated with sex (P=0.0007), patients type (P-Type) (P=0.0032), age (P=0.0045), and the interaction effect of Total Bilirubin (TB) & Aspartate Aminotransferase (SGOT) (TB*SGOT) (P<0.0001), and it is positively associated with Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (P<0.0001), TB (P=0.0003), (SGOT) (P=0.0235), and the interaction effect of SGOT & Total Proteins (TP) (SGOT*TP) (P=0.0298). The variance of SGPT is negatively associated with age (P=0.0098) and positively associated with SGOT (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The mean relationship of SGPT with other liver biomarkers is complicated (containing two interaction effects), while its variance relationship is quite simple. SGPT is higher for male, or younger, or liver patients, and it is explained by many factors, which are little reported in earlier reports. Keywords: Alanine Aminotransferase (SGPT); Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP); Biomarkers; Joint generalized linear models (JGLMs); Total Bilirubin (TB).
Correlation between Overall Survival and Hospitalizationor Outpatient Consultation-Free Period in Patients Treated with Palliative Chemotherapy: Comparison of Incurable Gastric Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Murakawa Yasuko , Otsuka Kazunori
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Although the key outcomes of palliative chemotherapy are overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QOL), frequent hospitalization and outpatient consultation may worsen the QOL of patients with advanced cancer. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 101 patients with incurable gastric or pancreatic cancer. The length of hospitalization (LOH) and the outpatient consultation time (OCT) were combined for the clinical course duration. Hospital-free survival (HFS) was obtained by subtracting the LOH and OCT from OS. Results: A strong correlation was observed between OS and OCT and between OS and HFS in patients with gastric and pancreatic cancer. A significant difference between OS and HFS was observed in patients with gastric cancer; conversely, no such differences were observed in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusion: Patients devoted about 10% of their OS to hospitalization and outpatient consultation. Future clinical trials for palliative chemotherapy with HFS, similar to OS, as a key outcome are warranted. Keywords: Advanced cancers; Chemotherapy; Gastric neoplasms; Palliative therapy; Pancreatic neoplasms; Retrospective study
No Evidence of Musical Training Influencing the Cortical Contribution to the Speech-Frequency-Following Response and Its Modulation through Selective Attention
Authors: Riegel Jasmin , Schüller Alina , Reichenbach Tobias
Published: August 2024

Musicians can have better abilities to understand speech in adverse condition such as background noise than non-musicians. However, the neural mechanisms behind such enhanced behavioral performances remain largely unclear. Studies have found that the subcortical frequency-following response to the fundamental frequency of speech and its higher harmonics (speech-FFR) may be involved since it is larger in people with musical training than in those without. Recent research has shown that the speech-FFR consists of a cortical contribution in addition to the subcortical sources. Both the subcortical and the cortical contribution are modulated by selective attention to one of two competing speakers. However, it is unknown whether the strength of the cortical contribution to the speech-FFR, or its attention modulation, is influenced by musical training. Here we investigate these issues through magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings of 52 subjects (18 musicians, 25 non-musicians, and 9 neutral participants) listening to two competing male speakers while selectively attending one of them. The speech-in-noise comprehension abilities of the participants were not assessed. We find that musicians and non-musicians display comparable cortical speech-FFRs and additionally exhibit similar subject-to-subject variability in the response. Furthermore, we also do not observe a difference in the modulation of the neural response through selective attention between musicians and non-musicians. Moreover, when assessing whether the cortical speech-FFRs are influenced by particular aspects of musical training, no significant effects emerged. Taken together, we did not find any effect of musical training on the cortical speech-FFR.
Electronegativity, susceptibility, and radiation shielding features of thulium reinforced barium-cadmium-lithium-borate glasses
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia, Alotaibi B. M. , Alhuzaymi Thaqal M. ,   Nuclear Technologies Institute (NTI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P. O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia, Alotiby Mohammed. F. ,   Nuclear Technologies Institute (NTI), King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST), P. O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia, Makhlouf Sayed. A. ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, P.O 71524, Egypt, Shaaban Kh. S. ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, P.O 71524, Egypt, Wahab E. A. Abdel ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, P.O 71524, Egypt
Published: August 2024

The chemical composition of the following glass system 75Li2B4O7-10CdO-(15-x)BaO- 𝑥𝑥Tm2O3 (0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 2) mol.% has been fabricated using a traditional melt quenching procedure. The density of the synthesis samples has been measured and it enhanced with the rising Tm2O3 content. All the fabricated specimens form glass and the amorphous state have been confirmed the XRD. The spectroscopic investigation indicates an increase in the energy gap from 3.08 to 3.25 eV with increasing Tm2O3 concentrations. The refractive index, basicity and static and infinity of dielectric constant were taken place of present investigated. The ultrasonic velocities of the prepared glasses are increased. Consequently, the elastic modulus of glasses has been enhanced. MCNP5, XCOM, and Phy-X/PSD code were used to characterize the efficiency of the fabricated glass against gamma radiation. Indeed, an increase in Tm2O3 content in samples correlated with an increase in MAC values. Consequently, the gamma-radiation attenuation rate of the samples was enhanced by the addition of Tm2O3, and the protective qualities were improved.
Vacancy-defect promoting blue LED-driven H2O2 synthesis on Zn0.4Cd0.6S without additional cocatalysts
Authors:   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R, Lu W. W , Ding J. N. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R, Wang Z. Y. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R, Wei Y. C ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R, Chen Y. P. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R, Xu J. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, 212013, P. R
Published: August 2024

Photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide offers an effective solution to the energy crisis. The design and development of high-activity and low-cost photocatalysts are crucial for H2O2 production. In this work, Zn0.4Cd0.6S with abundant S vacancies (SV-ZCS) is developed for H2O2 photosynthesis under 405 nm LED illumination without additional cocatalysts. The S vacancies serve as photo-generated electron trap centers, effectively extending the lifetimes of photogenerated carriers and promoting the separation of photoelectric carriers. Additionally, SV-ZCS is endowed with enhanced light capture capability, enhancing the overall photocatalytic activity for H2O2 production. The results were in line with expectations, the SV-ZCS samples demonstrated a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) productivity of 3902 μmol L-1 h-1 when subjected to visible light irradiation, representing a significant increase compared to that of ZCS (2840 μmol L-1 h-1 ). This work provides an effective strategy for preparing photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen peroxide production.
CdS/g-C3N5 for heterogeneous catalytic degradation of hazardous pollutants
Authors:   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Cui T. , Wan K. L. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Yan W. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Wei Y. C. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Chen Y.P. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China, Xu J. ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Published: August 2024

CdS, as an important photocatalytic degradation material, exhibits certain limitations. In our study, carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide (C3N5/CdS) nanocomposites were synthesized via an in-situ method, and the crystalline structure, composition, and morphology of the hybrid samples were evaluated using various techniques. The development of the Z-scheme heterojunction in the C3N5/CdS composite photocatalyst facilitated more effective separation of photogenerated charges, resulting in higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation at 425 nm, the composite with a 1:1 ratio exhibited the best degradation performance, achieving degradation rates of 93.8% for methyl orange solution and 96.8% for rhodamine B solution. Additionally, the introduction of C3N5 significantly reduced the photocorrosion of CdS. These experimental results were confirmed by fluorescence analysis, surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements, electrochemical tests, etc.
Bio activity testing of SnO2-TiO2 nanocomposite synthesis by chemical methods
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ahmed Z. A. , Abbasa Asaad M. ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hassan M. A. ,   Department of medical Physics, College of Science, Alnahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: August 2024

In this work, SnO2:TiO2 nano composite with silver dopant have been prepared by chemical route method at preparation temperature 100 ℃ , with 6% Ag ratio. Titanium chloride (TiCl3) has been used as the precursors of TiO2 and tin chloride (SnCl2) were taken as the precursors of SnO2 in the laboratory. The prepared samples were described by FESEM, X-Ray diffraction and uv-visible spectrophotometer. Results show that compared to pure SnO2 and pure TiO2 ,SnO2:TiO2 nano composite calcined 400℃ shows a large surface area. The average crystalline size was estimated from XRD analysis by using Debye-Scherrer’s formula and the result shows that the crystalline size increases from (27.78) nm to (29.2354)nm after adding Ag. Bio activity application of the prepared composite has been tested after immersion SnO2:TiO2 nano composite in the simulated body fluid SBF, the morphology and particle size of the prepared immersed samples have been estimated after 20 days by FESEM images.
Analysis of the Mathematical Representation Ability of Class VIII Students in terms of Self Regulated Learning with the Inductive Discovery Learning Model
Authors: Putri Arbai Syahidarahma , Veronica Rahayu Budhiati
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the mathematical representation ability of class VIII students in terms of self regulated learning with the Inductive Discovery Leraning Model. This type of research is a mix methods research with a concurrent embedded desaign (unbalanced mix). The population in this study were class VIII students of SMP Negeri 40 Semarang in the academic year 2020/2021. The data collection technique used triangulation, comparing the data obtained from interviews, obsservations, and final tests of mathematical representation abilities. The research subjects selected were 6 students, consisting of 2 students with high self regulated learning, 2 students with medium self regulated learning, and 2 students with low self regulated learning. The results of the study indicate that students with high self regulated learning have high mathematical representation abilities, students with medium self regulated learning have medium mathematical representation abilities, and students with low self regulated learning have low mathematical representation abilities.
Development of Ethnomathematics-Based E-Module Using the Inquiry Learning Model to Improve Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Putri Meiyana , Junaedi Iwan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research was to produce an ethnomathematics-based e-module development on an inquiry learning model that was valid, practical, and effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving ability. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and tests. The data analysis technique used a Likert scale, the one-sided average test, and the two-sided average difference test. The results of this study indicate that e-module have very valid criteria for use in the learning process with an average validity percentage of 88.54%, e-module have very practical criteria for use in the learning process with an average practicality percentage of 87.33%, and e-module are categorized as effective or can improve students' mathematical problem-solving ability, which is indicated by (a) students' mathematical problem-solving ability with ethnomathematics-based e-modules using the inquiry learning model to achieve mastery criteria; (b) students' mathematical problem-solving ability with ethnomathematics-based e-modules using inquiry learning models are better than students' mathematical problem-solving ability in conventional learning.
How does student learn mathematics through traditional food? (a hypothetical learning trajectory)
Authors: Tarida Luthfiana , Anjarsari Elly , Hasan Buaddin , Widayati Farida Esti
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to design a hypothetical learning trajectory for a two-dimensional figure area (quadrilateral and triangle) using the geometric shape of traditional food, tempe mendoan as a learning context. This research was qualitative research with data collection methods using literature studies, interviews, and documentation. The subjects in this study were seventh-grade junior high school students in SMP IT Nurul Fikri Bogor. The results of this study are in the form of a hypothetical learning trajectory design in learning the two-dimensional figure area through exploration of Banyumas food tempe mendoan, students measure each side of the rectangle from the shape of tempe mendoan, students divide the rectangle into square units as many as the results of each measurement side, students counts the number of unit squares that cover the rectangular area, the student finds the formula for the area of ​​a square and a rectangle. Next, students divide one rectangle into two right triangles of equal size, students find the formula for the area of ​​a triangle. Students attach the triangles to the provided two-dimensional figure shapes, students record the number of right triangles needed to cover each shape and find these relationships so that students can find area formulas for other shapes such as parallelograms, trapezoids, and rhombuses.
The Effectiveness of the Liveworksheet Assisted Project Based Learning Model on Mathematical Literacy in View of Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Triningsih Novi , Amidi Amidi
Published: August 2024

The mathematical literacy of students at SMP Negeri 26 Semarang is not yet optimal. This research aims to determine learning mastery, average student mathematical literacy, the influence of learning motivation on mathematical literacy, and describe students' mathematical literacy in terms of learning motivation in class using a project based learning model assisted by live worksheets. This research used a mixed-method explanatory sequential design. The quantitative method in this research used a true experimental design with a posttest-only control group design involving two groups as an experimental group and a control group.The population of this study was class VIII of SMP Negeri 26 Semarang. The sample for this research was class VIII-G as the experimental class and class VIII-E as the control class taken using simple random sampling techniques. The subjects of this research consisted of 2 students in each category of high, medium and low learning motivation who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The results of this research show that: (1) students' mathematical literacy in Project Based Learning with Liveworksheet assistance has reached the actual completion limit; (2) the average mathematical literacy of students in Project Based Learning assisted by Liveworksheets is better than the average mathematical literacy of students in Problem Based Learning; (3) There is an influence of learning motivation on students' mathematical literacy with a percentage of 42.8%; (4) Subjects with high learning motivation have high mathematical literacy abilities because they tend to be able to fulfill the three indicators well. Subjects with moderate learning motivation have moderate mathematical literacy abilities, because there are still indicators that have not been met properly. Subjects with low learning motivation have low mathematical literacy abilities, because they do not fulfill the three indicators well.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL FSLC DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP KOMUIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Hidayati Intan , ASIKIN MOHAMMAD , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen di SMP N 1 Moga Pemalang. Subjek penelitan ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII C sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah siswa masing-masing kelas sebanyak 36 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 kali pertemuan, 2 pertemuan untuk proses penerapan pembelajaran dan 1 pertemuan untuk evaluasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes untuk mengukur kemampuan komunikasi matematis, observasi aktivitas siswa dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe FSLC dengan pendekatan kontekstual, dan dokumentasi. Data dari hasil tes dianalisis secara kuantitatif yang diperkuat dengan hasil observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari uji normalitas dan homogenitas dari kedua kelompok diperoleh bahwa kelompok tersebut normal dan homogen, sehingga untuk pengujian hipotesis dapat digunakan uji t. Dari hasil perhitungan, diperoleh thitung = 2,95 dan ttabel = 1,69 , oleh karena thitung > ttabel, jadi H0 ditolak. Sehingga rata-rata kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik kelas eksperimen lebih dari rata kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis lembar observasi kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik pada kelas eksperimen, kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik meningkat dari 64,28% dengan kategori aktif pada pertemuan pertama menjadi 76,78% pada pertemuan kedua dengan kategori sangat aktif. Dengan demikian, pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe FSLC dengan pendekatan kontekstual lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional.
Description of Entrepreneurial Characters of Mathematics Education Department Students of UPS Tegal in Calculus Class
Authors: Oktaviani Dian Nataria , Lestiana Herani Tri
Published: August 2024

Developing entrepreneurial characters and skill is one of the goals of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Pancasakti University Tegal. To achieve this goal, the learning process needs to support the development of entrepreneurial characters, such as self-confidence, hard work and unyielding, cooperative, independent, and active and creative. Learning activities should be able to provide opportunities for students to participate actively. Therefore, this study aimed at designing a Maple-integrated workbook to help students establish their entrepreneurial character. The workbook helps students build the character of independent in learning calculus, active and cooperative in solving problems, and creative in using Maple to explore the concept of calculus. This study employed Research and Development by adapting Borg and Gall's steps, which are preliminary information, design, preliminary development, validation and preliminary revision, field test and final revision. The entrepreneurial characters instrument is a questionnaire comprising statements that reflect the characters of entrepreneurship, which are self-confident, hard work, cooperative, independent, and active and creative. The result of questionnaire analysis showed that in general studentsâ€™ entrepreneurial characters are in a good category, with the average score of entrepreneurial character is 2.85 out of 4.
Analysis of mathematical reasoning ability of junior high school students of grade VII viewed from cognitive style on problem based learning with mind mapping
Authors: Mardiyah Istianatun , Suhito Suhito , Safa'atullah Muhammad Fajar
Published: August 2024

The method used in this research is a mixed method with the research design that is explanatory sequential design. The result of this research are (1) Mathematical reasoning ability of grade VII students after being given learning by using PBL with mind mapping reached minimal completeness criteria; (2) the description of students' mathematical reasoning ability with independent field cognitive style were capable to present mathematical statements, propose conjecture, do mathematical manipulation, give reason to solution, and draw conclusion; and (3) the description of students' mathematical reasoning ability with field-dependent cognitive style were capable to present mathematical statements, yet incapable to propose conjecture, FDK students were less able to manipulate mathematics, while FDL students were incapable to perform mathematical manipulation, provide reason for solution, and draw conclusions.