bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-ppb-level CH4 detection by exploiting a low-noise differential photoacoustic resonator with a room-temperature interband cascade laser
Authors: Zheng Huadan , Liu Yihua , Lin Haoyang , Kan Ruifeng , Patimisco Pietro , Sampaolo Angelo , Giglio Marilena , Zhu Wenguo , Yu Jianhui , Tittel Frank K , Spagnolo Vincenzo , Chen Zhe
Published: June 2020

An ultra-highly sensitive and robust CH4 sensor is reported based on a 3.3 µm interband cascade laser (ICL) and a low-noise differential photoacoustic (PAS) cell. The ICL emission wavelength targeted a fundamental absorption line of CH4 at 2988.795 cm−1 with an intensity of 1.08 × 10−19 cm/molecule. The double-pass and differential design of the PAS cell effectively enhanced the PAS signal amplitude and decreased its background noise. The wavelength modulation depth, operating pressure and V-T relaxation promotion were optimized to maximize the sensor detection limit. With an integration time of 90 s, a detection limit of 0.6 ppb was achieved. No additional water or air laser cooling were required and thereby allowing the realization of a compact and robust CH4 sensor.
Investigation of the phase noise of a microresonator soliton comb
Authors: Nishimoto Kenji , Minoshima Kaoru , Yasui Takeshi , Kuse Naoya
Published: June 2020

Optical frequency combs generated from microresonators (especially microresonator soliton combs) have been attracting significant attentions because of the potential to be fully chip-scale. Among various promising applications of soliton combs, coherent optical communications and mm/THz wireless communications require low phase noise of the comb modes and low relative phase noise between the comb modes, respectively. Here, we measure the phase noise of a soliton comb, investigating how the thermorefractive noise of a microresonator influences on the phase noise. We observe the quadratic increase of the phase noise of the comb modes, as the comb mode number, counted from the wavelength of a pump cw laser, increases. In addition, we measure the relative phase noise between the comb modes, showing less influence of the phase noise of pump cw lasers by comparing soliton combs generated from pump cw lasers with low and large phase noise.
Lasing of scarred mode near above threshold in a semiconductor microcavity laser
Authors: Lee In-Goo , Yi Chang-Hwan , Lee Ji-Won , Ryu Jinhyeok , Gwak Sunjae , Oh Kwang-Ryong , Kim Chil-Min
Published: June 2020

We study a lasing of mode groups in a fully chaotic rounded D-shape InGaAsP semiconductor microcavity laser when an electrode is smaller than a cavity (inward gap). Although there are numerous unstable periodic orbits supporting resonances, a mode group localized on period-5 unstable periodic orbit is more competitive than the others for our laser configuration of the inward gap. By means of theoretical and numerical analyses with ray and wave dynamics, we show that the analyses well agree with our experimental results.
Occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in milk samples from Palakkad, Kerala, India
Authors: Hebbal M. Asif , Latha C. , Vrinda Menon K. , Deepa Jolly
Published: June 2020

Background and Aim: Food of animal origin such as milk is vital for nutritional security and should be free of any antibiotic residues due to its public health significance. We designed a study aiming to determine the occurrence of antibiotic residues and in further levels of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples from Palakkad district, Kerala.

Materials and Methods: We collected pooled raw milk samples were collected from Alathur, Chittoor, and Palakkad blocks of Palakkad district, Kerala. A total of 215 samples were screened for antibiotic residues by microbial inhibition assay (MIA) and the positive samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine oxytetracycline residues, this was further confirmed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results: We found that out of the 215 pooled raw milk samples screened for antibiotic residues using MIA, 22 samples (10.23%) were positive for antibiotic residues from Palakkad, Kerala. Out of these 22 samples, five (2.33%) were positive for oxytetracycline residues. We further calculated the mean concentration of oxytetracycline residues in these five samples and estimated it to be 201.00±41.25 ng/mL and 272.11±53.21 ng/mL using ELISA and HPLC, respectively. On analyzing these five samples, we found that four samples (1.86%) exceeded the maximum residue limits level of 100 ng/mL for oxytetracycline residues in milk as specified by Codex Alimentarius Commission/Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).

Conclusion: This study revealed that the occurrence of oxytetracycline residues in pooled raw milk samples in the Palakkad district of Kerala. Hence, there is a need for surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic residues in milk due to its impact on public health to ensure consumer safety.
ESTIMATION SYSTEM FOR THE EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE REGIONAL STATE BUDGETARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE ALTAI REGION: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Volkova Svetlana
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of assessment of the effectiveness of regional state budgetary professional educational institutions in the Altai Region. Analyzing statistical data and reporting documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Altai Region and the scientific literature, the author considers on the system of evaluating the performance and efficiency of the institutions of secondary vocational education, subordinated to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Altai Region. Through the approval of common criteria and regional and federal monitoring the article suggests the ways to improve the assessment system.
COMPONENT ASSESSMENT OF INNOVATION POTENTIAL OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: A CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kulmaganbetova Almira , Dubina Igor , Rakhmetulina Zhibek
Published: June 2020

This paper presents economic analysis of the dynamics and current state of the innovation potential of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the following areas and components: the resource component of the innovation potential (production, financial, HR, R&D and technical resources) and the efficiency component of the innovation potential (a number of innovative SMEs and the volume of their innovative products). For this analysis, the authors use the official statistics of the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period of 2007 to 2017. The presented approach can be applied for comparative analysis, identifying the causes, factors and trends in the development of innovation potential of other developing economies.
CHINA ATTEMPTS TO OVERCOME THE LIMITS OF GROWTH
Authors: Nie Yongyou , Fedorova Daria
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the concept of “the limits to growth”, examines the main reasons for the slowdown in China's economic development in recent years. Special attention is paid to the problems of environmental pollution and lack of resources. Among the problems concerning environmental pollution there are both domestic problems such as air, water and soil pollution, and problems of an international scale. With regard to the problem of lack of resources, special attention is paid to China's dependence on imports of resources, which causes security problems due to the large number of exporting countries. Besides, the article describes the steps that China is taking to move to a new model of economic growth, in terms of institutional reforms, resource management and innovation in the field of green technologies, by taking the path of “green” sustainable development.
Biological features and population dynamics of Steveniella satyrioides (Orchidaceae Juss.) in the Sochi Black Sea Region
Authors: Averyanova E. A.
Published: June 2020

Steveniella satyrioides (Steven) Schlechter is widely distributed in Sochi Black Sea region. It is found inthe high-trunk beech-hornbeam forests of the lower mountain zone. The period of vegetation lasts up to 7–8 months. Thevariations of the ontogenetic spectra of numerous population have been studied. Morphometric data vary slightly. Thepercentage of fruit setting was about 67 %, the number of seeds in one fruit is 9215.40 ± 75.92 (min 5329, max 12928),one individual can produce 67620 full seeds. Orchis-type seeds, sized 629.6 ± 11.0 × 173.4 ± 2.8 um.
Genus Achillea L. in the flora of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kupriyanov A. N. , Kulemin Yu. E.
Published: June 2020

Synopsis of the genus Achillea L, there are 14 species on the territory of Kazakhstan. Of these, seven species were listed in the flora of Kazakhstan (A. asiatica Serg., A. biebersteinii Afan., A. filipendulina Lam., A. micranthaWilld., A. millefolium L., A. nobilis L., A. setacea Waldst. et Kit.). For several decades since the release of "Flora of Kazakhstan", three species have been described on this territory (A. kamelinii Kupr., A. karatavica Kam., Achillea × kasakhstanica Kupr. et Alibekov); four species have been found (Achillea inundata Kondr., A. schmakovii Kupr., A. sergievskiana Schaulo et Schmakov, A. stepposa Klokov et Krytzka.).
Rust fungus Puccinia recondita in Zailiysky Alatau (Kazakhstan)
Authors: Сыпабеккызы Г. , Rakhimova Y. V. , Yermekova B. D. , Kyzmetova L. A. , Jetigenova U. K. , Assylbek A. M.
Published: June 2020

38 samples of Puccinia recondita were collected on the territory of Zailiysky Alatau, 22 samples werefound on intermediate host-plant, where spermagonia and aecia are developed, and 16 samples were found on the mainhost, where uredinia and telia are formed. Puccinia recondita is mostly observed on the leaves and petioles of Atragenesibirica and Aconitum leucostomum in the form of aecia and on the leaves and sheaths of Elymus caninus in the form ofuredinia and telia. In the intermediate host-plant, the number of Puccinia recondita samples is steadily increasing from1198 m to 2240 m a. s. l., on the main host, there are two sample occurrence’s maxima: at an altitude of 1153–1400 m(steppe) and at an altitude of 1700–2288 m a. s. l. (dark coniferous forests and meadows). Most often, Puccinia reconditais found on the territory of the Zhetyzhol ridge, and in the Turgen, Prokhodnoye, and Big Almaty gorges.
Formation of the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton communities in artificial reservoirs of urbanized territories (on the example of the Moscow region)
Authors: Antsiferova G. A. , Nkurunziza R. M. , Rusova N. I. , Galkina E. S. , Kogarov V. V. , Khotak M. U.
Published: June 2020

Taxonomic composition of phytoplankton communities in ponds of the Moscow region reflects the stabilityof the class and category of water quality. The proliferation of cyanobacteria species typical for polluted habitats in termsof water algolization does not cause them to «blossom».
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischkin in the steppes of South-Eastern Transbaikalia
Authors: Banshchikova E. A. , Vakhnina I. L. , Zhelibo T. V.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the results of studying the coenopopulation of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.)Schischkin in the steppes of South-Eastern Transbaikalia. The species is subject to spontaneous destruction (massharvesting of root raw materials) throughout the central and southern part of the Trans-Baikal territory, which is why in2018 it was included in the list of flora objects listed in the Red Book of the region. During the expedition, the currentstate, density, and vitality of the coenopopulation were studied, and the phenological state of plants and the degree ofanthropogenic impact on the coenopopulations were evaluated.
Features of the flora of the Koktau Mountains in Kalbin Highlands
Authors: Kotuchov Yu. A. , Danilova A. N. , Anufrieva O. A.
Published: June 2020

The article presents the floristic composition of the southwestern and northeastern parts of the KoktauMountains. A taxonomic and environmental analysis of the flora of flowering and higher spore plants in the studiedregions is carried out. The flora of higher vascular plants in the southwestern and northeastern parts of the KoktauMountains is represented by 576 species belonging to 271 genera and 74 families, which makes up 10.29 % of thetotal flora of Kazakhstan. Endemic and relicts are identified in the composition of the flora. Taxonomically the flora isrepresented by 3 systematic groups: Filicinae and Equisetales, gymnosperms and angiosperms. Leading families andgenera are identified. It has been established that as part of the life forms of the flora of the Koktau Mountains, herbaceousplants dominate, tree and shrub species are poorly represented. Ecologically, the flora of the Koktau Mountains is formedby mesophytes, xeromesophytes, xerophytes, mesoxerophytes, mesopetrophytes, and mesohygrophytes.
Classification of the desert steppes ecosystems of Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Permitina V. N.
Published: June 2020

The results of the steppe zone ecosystems investigation in Western Kazakhstan are presented. Theclassification of the main types of terrestrial ecosystems of the desert steppes subzone, divided by the forms of macrorelief(elevated plains, river valleys, sand massifs) and grouped into categories according to the type of water regime (automorphic,semihydromorphic, hydromorphic), is presented. Within the automorphic category, one zonal class of ecosystems hasbeen distinguished: cereal-wormwood desert steppes on light chestnut soils. The semi-hydromorphic category includesecosystems of wormwood-halophytic-cereal steppe meadows on meadow-chestnut soils. The hydromorphic categoryof river valleys is characterized by ecosystems of floodplain forest-meadow and tree-shrub tugai on floodplain meadowsoils.
To the flora of the soil algae of the northern territories of Baikal region: Baikal-Patom and Stanovoi uplands (Russia)
Authors: Sudakova E. A. , Egorova I. N. , Maksimova E. N. , Vysokikh E. M.
Published: June 2020

A list of soil algae of Bodaibo river basin (Irkutsk region) and Chara river basin (Transbaikal region) ispublished for the first time. The research was carried out in the area of industrial gold mining in the vicinity of the Bodaibo city (Baikal-Patom upland) and the developed territories in the zone of the Baikal-Amur mainline in the vicinity of theChara village (Stanovoye upland). The research covers natural and anthropogenic disturbed phytocenoses. 150 speciesand intraspecific taxa of algae from the divisions Cyanoprokaryota, Euglenozoa, Bacillariophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta were identified. In the soils of the Bodaibo vicinity were found 142 taxa, 34 species of algae werefound in the Chara vicinity.
Ecological assessment of Listera ovata habitat preferences in Kirov region
Authors: Egorova N. Yu. , Suleimanova V. N.
Published: June 2020

Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. – summer-green short-rooted polycarpic. The species is listed in the Red booksof 34 regions. The aim of the study is to assess the ecological and coenotic preferences of Listera ovata in Kirov region.The assessment of ecological preferences of the species was carried out using the indicative ecological scales of D. N.Tsyganov (1983). As a result of the conducted research, it was found that Listera ovata in the conditions of Kirov regionis characterized by a wide potential range for most of the considered factors.
Criteria for using natural material of tree species for the introduction in the dry conditions of Khakasia
Authors: Gordeeva G. N.
Published: June 2020

Criteria for using natural material of tree species were selected for the introduction in the dry conditionsof Khakasia by taking species of the genus Sorbus L. as an example. According to the analysis of long-term data ofthe growth and development rhythm of plants, winter hardiness and drought-resistance scoring, main criteria for thepreliminary selection in the arboretum of Khakassiahave been revealed: species native ranges, species winter-hardiness,length of growing period and annual precipitation.
Development of woody plants introduction scientific research in the South Siberia and Mongolia
Authors: Lobanov A. I. , Konovalova N. A. , Tushigmaa J.
Published: June 2020

Investigations of woody plants introduction, which have been conducted in Siberia and Mongolia, areanalyzed. It is noted that further investigations require complex study of trees and shrubs in the conditions of primaryintroduction. The aim is to introduce new trees and shrubs into the culture for various purpose artificial stands creation.The scientific tasks for development of woody plants introduction in Southern Siberia and Mongolia are outlined.
Bryoflora of arboretum of the Forest-steppe selection experimental station "Meshcherka" (Lipetsk Region)
Authors: Popova N. N.
Published: June 2020

The article provides an annotated list of mossy plants identified in the composition of bryoflora of arboretum"Meshcherka". The conclusions about the high level of floristic and structural biodiversity of mosses are conducted; theimportance of arboretum in conservation of nemoral epiphytes and boreal dominants of coniferous and broad-leavedforests is emphasized.
(Des)envolvimento regional, fronteira e o espaço do agronegócio no Tocantins
Authors: Santos Roberto de Souza
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar e analisar os indicadores sociais dos municípios tocantinenses de Campos Lindos, Formoso do Araguaia, Lagoa da Confusão, Pedro Afonso e Porto Nacional no período de 1991 a 2010 onde atua o agronegócio. O que se percebe é que os índices de qualidade de vida social dos municípios analisados não correspondem aos índices recomendados pela Organização das Nações Unidas. Os procedimentos metodológicos basearam-se no método qualitativo e em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o debate teórico a respeito da relação entre a atividade econômica do agronegócio e as condições sociais da população local. Tais procedimentos foram organizados e executados a partir de uma análise teórico-crítica sobre os desdobramentos sociais fronteira capitalista no Tocantins.
MEMBACA KISAH NABI DAUD MENGGUNAKAN SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Santoso Jarot Nanang , Abror Indal
Published: June 2020

Roland Barthes’s semiotics, as a science that is concerned in coding, was applied in analyzing the story of the Prophet David. Application of multilevel readings; Heuristic readings and retroactive readings in the story of the Prophet David consisting of 25 lexia texts of the Koran, were found to be of significance identified from certain codes, including: a) hermeunetic code / puzzle code, b) symbolic code “David” symbol from the ideal leader, c) the semic code or the “ark” connotative code means the importance of preserving and preserving relics, d)   the proaretic code / action code “David fell” means humility acknowledging mistakes not looking at someone’s status, e) gnomic code or code Cultural “Goliath and its troops” means that there will always be those who spread damage, and during this time God’s intervention will also contribute to protecting the universe through the other party who spread goodness, and so on.
MAHABBAH DAN MA’RIFAH DALAM TASAWUF DZUNNUN AL-MISHRI
Authors: Wati Mina
Published: June 2020

This article discusses mahabbah (the love of beings to God) and ma’rifah (the blessing of God to beings) that focuses on the thought of Dzunnun al-Mishri (hereinafter referred to as Dzunnun). The insufficiency of research on mahabbah and ma’rifah is the main reason for the requirement for further research related to the character and the relationship between this two concepts. So far, when talking about mahabbah, the most popular name is Rabiah al-Adawiyah. It is necessary to discuss about mahabbah and ma’rifah in the frame of thought of Dzunnun being resurrected. In addition, in this day and age, it is necessary for humankind to explore the concepts offered by Dzunnun given the many global impediment that cause humanity to drought in spirituality. This article is based on library or library research that examines library data by using descriptive analysis, interpretation and data analysis methods. The source used is secondary data which is used as a support for writing this article. The approach of Sufism with the general method of the Sufis is a prominent feature in the writing of this article. Ma’rifah is the highest level in the application of Sufism that can be achieved with Mahabbah. Every human being can do and feel mahabbah because in essence mahabbah creates servant’s love for the Creator. Meanwhile, ma’rifah is knowing or knowing God so that his heart can see God and he feels close to God. The relationship between the two can be said with the sentence, “love grows because of knowledge and cognition of God.” From that sentence, it can be seen that there is a correlation between mahabbah and ma’rifah. Ma’rifah can be obtained if humans have traced and felt mahabbah. Mahabbah is a feeling of closeness to God through love (spirit). Meanwhile, ma’rifah is the level of knowledge to God through the eyes of the heart (al-Qalb).
Expression and prognosis of CyclinA and CDK2 in patients with advanced cervical cancer after chemotherapy
Authors: Gao Yongmei , Wang Hui , Zhong Aizhen , Yu Tao
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the expression and prognosis of CyclinA and CDK2 in patients with advanced cervical cancer after chemotherapy. The patient history of 108 patients with advanced cervical cancer admitted to our hospital from December 2013 to January 2016 was selected as a cervical cancer group. 54 normal healthy people admitted to our hospital for physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the difference between CyclinA and CDK2 proteins and mRNA expression between the two groups and the correlation between them was analyzed. The expressions of CyclinA and CDK2 in serum and the changes in detection index level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were observed in cervical cancer group at different stages of treatment. The correlation between the two indexes and SCCA, CEA, VEGF and the 3-year survival and prognostic significance of cervical cancer patients with different CyclinA and CDK2 expressions were analyzed. The relative expressions of CyclinA and CDK2 proteins and mRNA in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between CyclinA and CDK2 proteins and mRNA expressions. After treatment, the expressions of CyclinA, CDK2 mRNA and SCCA, CEA and VEGF were significantly lower than those before treatment (P< 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of CyclinA and CDK2 in the high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group. CyclinA and CDK2 are highly expressed in advanced cervical cancer. The expression is decreased after chemotherapy. The prognosis of both low expressions is higher and the expression is good. It can be used to predict the efficacy and prognosis of cervical cancer in the clinic.
Electroacupuncture ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder in rats via a mechanism involving the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway
Authors: Li Mi , Xie Yiqiang , Niu Kun , Li Kai
Published: June 2020

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition triggered by a terrifying event, causing flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety. It develops in individuals who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Electroacupuncture is reported to be effective for the treatment of PTSD. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of electroacupuncture in a rat model of PTSD, and the mechanism involved. Specific-pathogen-free male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30) weighing 180 – 220 g (mean weight = 200 ± 20 g) were randomly assigned to three groups of ten rats each: control group, single-prolonged stress (SPS) group, and treatment group. The treatment group rats received electroacupuncture. Changes in PTSD-like behavior were assessed using locomotor activity, elevated plus-maze (EPM) and fear conditioning tests. The mRNA and protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to measure BDNF and TrkB binding interaction, while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to evaluate the binding between cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) and its target genes. Electroacupuncture significantly increased locomotor activity and exploratory behavior, but significantly reduced general fear and anxiety in SPS rats (p < 0.05). It also significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF and TrkB, and increased the binding of BDNF to its receptor TrkB (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture significantly increased the binding of CREB to BDNF promoter region (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture ameliorates PTSD in rats via a mechanism involving the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.
A tale of two genera: Exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 2. Plantation resource development
Authors: Arnold R.J. , Xie Y.J. , Luo J.Z. , Wang H.R. , Midgley S.J.
Published: June 2020

In China a substantial plantation industry involving 5.4 M ha of exotic eucalypts and up to 50 000 ha of exotic acacias, has been built on a foundation of collaborative R&D sponsored by both China and Australia over the past 40 years. Germplasm derived from some of the early collaboration
still provides the majority of trees deployed in current eucalypt plantations in China. But, whilst the past 2 decades has been the best of times for plantation eucalypts in China, the past decade has simultaneously been the worst of times for plantation acacias. Improved plantation productivities
achieved through R&D programs coupled with innovations in processing markedly increased the profitability of young eucalypt plantations; this provided strong market pull for expansion of these plantations. For exotic acacias though, plantation areas in China have declined over the past
decade. Factors that have contributed to the contrasting fates of these species in China, along with their future outlooks, are reviewed in this report.
Power dynamics in forest governance decentralization: the case of Kenya
Authors: Omala M.A. , Aglanu L.M.
Published: June 2020

The debate on whether governments are willing to translate decentralization theory into practice given the importance of natural resources as a source of livelihoods for local populations and a source of revenue generation for governments continue to yield varying outcomes. This study
examines the decentralization process within a multidimensional framework of power with and power over, and systematically assesses outcomes of the exercise of power from both perspectives and their interrelations and implications on forest governance. In what some have lauded
as an excellent attempt by the Kenyan government to transfer management of forests to community forest associations (CFAs), others have termed the process as a mere illusion. The results indicate that decentralization efforts offer a high transformational potential when power is exercised
with others (co-operation and learning), rather than when exercised over others (coercion and manipulation). However, both power over and power with are not mutually exclusive in practice. To achieve an effective decentralized forest governance system, appropriate behavioural
change among forest stakeholders is paramount. The challenge is how to define and transfer adequate and meaningful power to the local level actors and institutions to drive the required behavioural change.
Learning to learn in tropical forests: training field teams in adaptive collaborative management, monitoring and gender
Authors: Evans K. , Larson A.M. , Flores S.
Published: June 2020

From 2011–2015, the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) trained field teams in Nicaragua in Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) methods. ACM is a social learning-based approach to help forest communities manage their natural resources in a more equitable and
sustainable way and respond to change. This paper presents the lessons-learned from the training and field work. It argues that understanding and building social learning processes among the ACM team members and facilitators are crucial components of the ACM methodology and necessary in order
to recognize and address the complex nature of socio-ecological relationships. In particular, promoting women's participation in forest decision-making in their own rural communities requires not only a consideration of gender relations but also of the gender perspectives of each member of
the field team.
Underlying driving forces of forest cover changes due to the implementation of preservation policies in Iranian northern Zagros forests
Authors: Heidarlou H. Beygi , Shafiei A. Banj , Erfanian M. , Tayyebi A. , Alijanpour A.
Published: June 2020

Many countries have implemented policies to reduce the negative effects of deforestation. In Iran, the Zagros Forest Preservation Plan (ZFPP) began in 2003. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ZFPP on land cover changes in two periods, before (1993–2002) and after (2002–2017)
implementation of the plan. Logistic regression (LR) analysis was used to examine the effectiveness of key socio-economic, environmental and demographic drivers associated with deforestation activities. The results showed that despite the implementation of ZFPP forest conversion to other land-use
types increased during the second period compared to the first. Calculating the annual rate of deforestation showed that this rate increased from -0.4% to -0.5%. The results of LR showed that the occurrence of deforestation in different years was significantly related to distance from rivers,
croplands, cities, roads, and slope such that areas with low slope and close to these features have a high probability of deforestation activities.
Finite-difference equations of quasistatic motion of the shallow concrete shells in nonlinear setting
Authors: Duissenbekov Bolat , Tokmuratov Abduhalyk , Zhangabay Nurlan , Orazbayev Zhenis , Yerimbetov Baisbay , Aldiyarov Zhumadilla
Published: June 2020

The study solves a system of finite difference equations for flexible shallow concrete shells while taking into account the nonlinear deformations. All stiffness properties of the shell are taken as variables,i.e., stiffness surface and through-thickness stiffness. Differential equations under consideration were evaluated in the form of algebraic equations with the finite element method. For a reinforced shell, a system of 98 equations on a 8×8 grid was established, which was next solved with the approximation method from the nonlinear plasticity theory. A test case involved computing a 1×1 shallow shell taking into account the nonlinear properties of concrete. With nonlinear equations for the concrete creep taken as constitutive, equations for the quasi-static shell motion under constant load were derived. The resultant equations were written in a differential form and the problem of solving these differential equations was then reduced to the solving of the Cauchy problem. The numerical solution to this problem allows describing the stress-strain state of the shell at each point of the shell grid within a specified time interval.
On soft pc-separation axioms
Authors: Hamko Qumri H. , Ahmed Nehmat K. , Khalaf Alias B.
Published: June 2020

Many mathematicians defined and studied soft separation axioms and soft continuity in soft spaces by using ordinary points of a topological spaceX. Also, some of them studied the same concepts by using soft points. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of soft{p}_{c}-{T}_{i}and soft{p}_{c}-{T}_{i}^{\ast },i=0,1,2by using the concept of soft{p}_{c}-open sets in soft topological spaces. We explore several properties of such spaces. We also investigate the relationship among these spaces and provide a counter example when it is needed.
Investment Boolean problem with Savage risk criteria under uncertainty
Authors: Bukhtoyarov Sergei E. , Emelichev Vladimir A.
Published: June 2020

The portfolio theory is used to formulate a multicriteria investment Boolean escaped gain minimization problem for searching all extreme portfolios. Stability aspects of this set against perturbed parameters of minimax Savage criteria are studied. We give lower and upper estimates for the stability radius for arbitrary Hölder norms on the three-dimensional space of initial data.
Knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents in a unity school in Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ezenwosu Osita U. , Chukwu Barthlomew F. , Ezenwosu Ifeyinwa L. , Ikefuna Anthony N. , Emodi Ifeoma J. , Ezeanolue Echezona E.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Our study sought to assesses the knowledge and awareness of individual sickle cell genotype among adolescents.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a large school in Southeast Nigeria where adult prevalence of sickle cell trait is 25%. Data was collected through a 50-item survey with previously pretested questions that assessed awareness of individual genotype, general knowledge of sickle cell disease, perception of sickle cell trait and sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Additionally, self-reported genotype was compared to the school’s admission records to determine accuracy of self-reported genotype. The knowledge scores were summed on a binary basis with one point assigned for a correct answer while zero was given for an incorrect response.

Results

Four hundred and nine (409) students were approached and enrolled in the study. A vast majority (94%) of the respondents reported being aware of their genotype and two-thirds had the awareness during school admission. However, in specific knowledge of sickle cell, majority (89.7%) of the participants miscalculated the probability of having a child with SCA in married carrier couple and 71.9% misidentified the proportion of Nigerians with sickle cell trait. Assessing level of knowledge of sickle cell, only very few of the adolescents (7.3%) were found with the expected high knowledge scores of 7–8.

Conclusion

Although a significant proportion of respondents were aware of their genotype, most were unaware of the implications of sickle cell trait and thought that people with sickle cell trait also have symptoms of sickle cell disease. Also, only a few of the respondents have the expected level of sickle cell knowledge. A focused educational intervention among this age group is crucial as they embark on making reproductive health decisions.
On the topology of geometric and rational orbits for algebraic group actions over valued fields
Authors: Dao Phuong Bac
Published: June 2020

In this note, we study the relationship between Zariski and relative closedness for actions of (smooth) algebraic groups defined over valued (mainly local) fields of any characteristic.
In particular, we use some recent basic results regarding the completely reducible subgroups and cocharacter-closedness due to Bate–Herpel–Röhrle–Tange and Uchiyama to construct some actions of simple algebraic groups G of the types

D
4

{D_{4}}

,

E
6

{E_{6}}

,

E
7

{E_{7}}

,

E
8

{E_{8}}

,

G
2

{G_{2}}

on an affine variety defined over a local function field k, and

v
∈

V
⁢

(
k
)

{v\in V(k)}

such that the geometric orbit

G
.
v

{G.v}

is Zariski closed although the corresponding relative orbit

G
⁢

(
k
)

.
v

{G(k).v}

is not closed in the topology induced from k.
Besides, by using an interesting result due to Gabber, Gille and Moret-Bailly, we show that this phenomenon does not appear when we consider the action of either a smooth unipotent group or a smooth commutative algebraic group, defined over an admissible valued (e.g., local) field.
When a locally compact monothetic semigroup is compact
Authors: Zelenyuk Yevhen , Zelenyuk Yuliya
Published: June 2020

A semigroup endowed with a topology is monothetic if it contains a dense monogenic subsemigroup.
A semigroup (group) endowed with a topology is semitopological (quasitopological) if the translations (the translations and the inversion) are continuous.
If S is a nondiscrete monothetic semitopological semigroup, then the set

S
′

{S^{\prime}}

of all limit points of S is a closed ideal of S.
Let S be a locally compact nondiscrete monothetic semitopological semigroup.
We show that (1) if the translations of

S
′

{S^{\prime}}

are open, then

S
′

{S^{\prime}}

is compact, and (2) if

S
′

{S^{\prime}}

can be topologically and algebraically embedded in a quasitopological group, then

S
′

{S^{\prime}}

is a compact topological group.
Voluntary exercise and cardiac remodeling in a myocardial infarction model
Authors: Shahi Hamad Al , Kadoguchi Tomoyasu , Shimada Kazunori , Fukao Kosuke , Matsushita Satoshi , Aikawa Tatsuro , Ouchi Shohei , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Takahashi Shuhei , Sato-Okabayashi Yayoi , Akita Koji , Isoda Kikuo , Miyazaki Tetsuro , Daida Hiroyuki
Published: June 2020

We investigated the effects of voluntary exercise after myocardial infarction (MI) on cardiac function, remodeling, and inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups: sedentary + sham (Sed-Sh), sedentary + MI (Sed-MI), exercise + sham (Ex-Sh), and exercise + MI (Ex-MI). MI induction was performed by ligation of the left coronary artery. Exercise consisting of voluntary wheel running started after the operation and continued for 4 weeks. The Ex-MI mice had significantly increased cardiac function compared with the Sed-MI mice. The Ex-MI mice showed significantly reduced expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the infarcted area of the left ventricle compared with the Sed-MI mice. In the Ex-MI mice, the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes including collagen I and III were decreased compared to the Sed-MI mice, and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, follistatin-like 1, fibroblast growth factor 21, and mitochondrial function-related genes were significantly elevated in skeletal muscle compared with the Sed mice. The plasma levels of IL-6 were also significantly elevated in the Ex-MI group compared with the Sed-MI groups. These findings suggest that voluntary exercise after MI may improve in cardiac remodeling associated with anti-inflammatory effects in the myocardium and myokine production in the skeletal muscles.
The crystal structure tetrakis(μ2-o-chlorobenzoato-κ2
O:O′)-bis(methanol-κ1
O)dirhodium(II), C30H24Cl4O10Rh2
Authors: Zhu Guangyuan , Meng Miao
Published: June 2020

C30H24Cl4O10Rh2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.5270(4) Å, b = 12.3533(6) Å, c = 17.4904(8) Å, β = 91.780(4)°, V = 1625.52(14) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1285, T = 150(1) K.
The crystal structure of bis(2-hydroxypyrimidinium) pentachloridobismuthate(III), (C4N2H5O)2BiCl5
Authors: Hao Munan , Jin Shifeng , Ma Yuxin , Zhou Junyan , Zhang Zeyu , Zhao Changchun
Published: June 2020

C8N4H10O2BiCl5, monoclinic, P21/a (no. 14, non-standard setting of P21/c), a = 9.1065(5) Å, b = 14.5950(8) Å, c = 12.7159(8) Å, β = 93.557(2)°, V = 1687.28(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0249, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0612, T = 273 K.
Crystal structure of (S)-(+)-1-cyclohexylethylaminium chloride, C8H18NCl
Authors: Scherer Ann-Kathrin , Frank Walter
Published: June 2020

C8H18NCl, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.5244(3) Å, b = 11.0915(6) Å, c = 16.0339(12) Å, V = 982.46(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0295, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0785, T = 233(2) K.
Preparation of alcohol-based handrub in COVID-19 Alsatian cluster
Authors: Di-Falco Elodie , Bourbon Johan , Sbaffe Isalyne , Kaiser Jean-Daniel
Published: June 2020

Alsace, in particular Haut-Rhin, is one of the main clusters of COVID-19 in France. There has been a shortage of essential supplies in the area, especially alcohol-based hand sanitizer. In this context, and in accordance with the decree dated March 6, 2020, our hospital management team asked us to start local production of alcohol-based handrub. This was a real challenge: In one week, we had to implement the production of handrub to meet the needs of a 1,400-bed hospital. The production had to comply with the French preparation guidelines and take place on specific premises, with qualified and calibrated equipment, by qualified staff, under the supervision of a pharmacist. The other big challenge we faced was the supply of pharmaceutical raw and packaging materials. During this particular critical period, all suppliers were out of stock. Here, we describe the organizational set-up and the decisions made, e. g., to use technical-grade ethanol before the publication of the decrees dated March 13 and March 23, 2020.
Dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in cerebral infarction patients
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Xiaohui , Pan Dengdeng , Liu Yongqiang , Yan Xuebing , Tang Yihan , Tao Mingyang , Gong Li , Zhang Ting , Woods Christian Rutan , Du Yong , Gao Renyuan , Qin Huanlong
Published: June 2020

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the dysbiosis characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with cerebral infarction (CI) and its clinical implications.

Methods

Stool samples were collected from 79 CI patients and 98 healthy controls and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to identify stool microbes. Altered compositions and functions of gut microbiota in CI and its correlation with clinical features were investigated. Random forest and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to develop a diagnostic model.

Results

Microbiota diversity and structure between CI patients and healthy controls were overall similar. However, butyrate-producing bacteria (BPB) were significantly reduced in CI patients, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were increased. Genetically, BPB-related functional genes were reduced in CI patients, whereas LAB-related genes were enhanced. The interbacterial correlations among BPB in CI patients were less prominent than those in healthy controls. Clinically, BPB was negatively associated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while LAB was positively correlated with NIHSS. Both BPB and LAB played leading roles in the diagnostic model based on 47 bacteria.

Conclusions

The abundance and functions of BPB in CI patients were significantly decreased, while LAB were increased. Both BPB and LAB displayed promising potential in the assessment and diagnosis of CI.
The “authentic subjective experience” of memory in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Roche Jean , Pasquier Florence , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Gallouj Karim , Antoine Pascal
Published: June 2020

Most research has mainly focused on the decline of the subjective experience in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, few attempts have been made to evaluate whether subjective experience may be maintained in AD. In this narrative review, we attempt to provide a positive view, according to which patients with AD can enjoy, to some extent, subjective experience during memory retrieval. Memory and expression difficulties (e.g., aphasia) limit the ability of patients with AD to describe their memories, resulting in a little specificity of reported memories. However, according to the “authentic subjective experience” view, we propose in this study that the ability to mentally relive these memories could be preserved in the patients. By proposing the authentic subjective experience view, we attempt to provide an alternative view to the general consideration that the patients suffer a diminished subjective experience. This view can contribute to a larger clinical framework that gives a positive meaning to the subjective experience of patients with AD. Furthermore, several clinical and empirical implications can be drawn from the authentic subjective experience view, including the possibility to evaluate behavioral correlates of the subjective experience in AD.
Eine Neubetrachtung von

mw-qd „das umgewandte/umgekehrte/abbiegende Wasser“
Authors: Brose Marc
Published: June 2020

This article takes a fresh at the geographical term mw-qd, usually transcribed as “inverted/reverse/encircling water” (or the like) and often identified with the river Euphrates in Mesopotamia or the Red Sea or a part of it. After an overview of the attestations of the term, the former ideas of the researchers and the discussion of grammatical and lexical details, a new effort tries to show that there would have been at least two or three locations bearing this name: the region on the Upper Nile in Nubia between the Fourth Cataract and Kurgus, where the Nile takes a characteristic bend in its course, further a region on the northern coastal area of the Red Sea, perhaps the region of Qoseir, and at last a river in Asia, perhaps the Euphrates.
„Leerverkaufsattacken“ und Marktmissbrauch
Authors: Schmolke Klaus Ulrich
Published: June 2020

Das Auftreten sog. „Leerverkaufsattacken“ in Deutschland hat zu einer lebhaften Debatte über deren rechtliche Zulässigkeit und mögliche gesetzgeberische Maßnahmen geführt. Dabei leisten solche „Leerverkaufsattacken“ jedenfalls im Ausgangspunkt einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Kapitalmarkteffizienz. An diese Einsicht anknüpfend versucht der vorliegende Beitrag zu zeigen, dass das Geschäftsmodell des Leerverkaufsaktivismus vor dem europäischen Marktmissbrauchsrecht grundsätzlich bestehen kann. Wahrscheinlich irreführende, manipulative Attacken, die der Kapitalmarkteffizienz abträglich sind, sind hingegen bereits nach geltendem Recht verboten. Gesetzgeberische Maßnahmen erscheinen gegenwärtig nicht veranlasst.
Interne Untersuchungen, Whistleblowing und externes Monitoring
Authors: Hopt Klaus J.
Published: June 2020

Interne Untersuchungen, Whistleblowing und externes Monitoring liegen als Teil der aktienrechtlichen Compliance (auch) im öffentlichen Interesse. Gesetzliche Regelungen stehen dazu im VerSanG und künftigen Whistleblowergesetz an. Einrichtung und Nutzung der drei Informationskanäle sind Sache des Vorstands. Hinsichtlich des „Ob“ hat er kein Ermessen, aber hinsichtlich des „Wie“. Bei Hinweisen, die einen konkreten Verdacht von Rechtsverstößen des Vorstands begründen, und bei schwerwiegenden Compliance-Verstößen hat der Aufsichtsrat eine eigene Untersuchungspflicht. Das kann zu zwei parallelen Untersuchungen im Unternehmen führen. Eine konzernweite Compliance ist jedenfalls dann geboten, wenn eine eigene Unternehmenshaftung der Mutter droht, so namentlich bei Kartellverstößen. Dann sind Vorstand und Aufsichtsrat der Konzernobergesellschaft gefordert.
Informationsgewährung und Verschwiegenheitspflicht bei M&A-Transaktionen
Authors: Bauer Jan , Wenzel Max
Published: June 2020

Die Informationsgewährung im Rahmen von M&A-Transaktionen ist gleichermaßen ein praktisch bedeutsames wie rechtliches komplexes Thema. Der Erwerbsinteressent verlangt vom Verkäufer der Anteile an der Zielgesellschaft in der Regel, ihm im Vorfeld des Erwerbs möglichst umfassende und damit auch kommerziell sensible und vertrauliche Informationen über die Zielgesellschaft zur Verfügung zu stellen. Nicht selten entscheiden Umfang und Qualität der Informationsgewährung über Erfolg und Scheitern einer M&A-Transaktion, in jedem Fall haben sie einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Ermittlung des Kaufpreises. Eine möglichst umfassende Informationsgewährung liegt damit auch im Interesse des Verkäufers. Während die Durchführung einer sog. Due Diligence Prüfung der Zielgesellschaft durch den Erwerbsinteressenten heute dem Marktstandard entspricht, ist sie gleichwohl nach wie vor mit rechtlichen Unsicherheiten verbunden. Die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der Informationsgewährung im Rahmen von M&A-Transaktionen haben sich in den letzten Jahren zudem verschärft. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick über den Rechtsrahmen geben, der den Informationsaustausch bei M&A-Transaktionen bestimmt.