bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El teatre català a Buenos Aires (1939-1975)
Authors: Bacardí Montserrat , Foguet Francesc
Published: September 2024

Probablement en cap altra ciutat de l’emigració econòmica i de l’exili polític catalans no va florir tant el teatre com a Buenos Aires. L’afecció manifestada al començament del segle XX va consolidar-se a partir del 1939, en arribar a la ciutat una important fornada d’expatriats a causa de la pèrdua de la guerra i de la dictadura franquista. Les noves generacions si, d’una banda, van seguir les petges dels antecessors, amb una clara preferència pel teatre «clàssic» català (des de Frederic Soler o Àngel Guimerà fins a Santiago Rusiñol o Josep Maria de Sagarra), de l’altra, hi van aportar saba fresca, amb la incorporació de veus renovadores que de vegades amb prou feines aconseguien d’estrenar a Catalunya (Xavier Benguerel, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Salvador Espriu, Joan Oliver o Manuel de Pedrolo). No tan sols es tractava de fer obra cultural (i, de passada, d’apaivagar l’enyorança del públic), sinó també de fer obra patriòtica: de rescabalar-se mínimament de les limitacions que el règim de Franco imposava al país.
Presentació del monogràfic «Aportacions sobre la prosa literària entre l’edat mitjana i l’època moderna»
Authors: Garcia Sempere Marinela
Published: September 2024

Presentació del monogràfic «Aportacions sobre la prosa literària entre l’edat mitjana i l’època moderna», coordinat per Marinela Garcia Sempere.
Sentir, entendre i comunicar: experiència mística en Gertrudis de la Santísima Trinidad, clarissa franciscana, al segle XVIII valencià
Authors: Herrero-Herrero María-Ángeles
Published: September 2024

Gertrudis María de la Santísima Trinidad (Elx, 1660 - Cocentaina, 1736), abadessa del convent de Nostra Senyora del Miracle de Cocentaina, va ser una escriptora profusa sota el mandat del pare espiritual. Però, de tota la seua producció (en llengua castellana) només ens ha arribat una petita part, que correspon a l’última etapa de la seua vida. Les seues confessions espirituals són testimoni de les etapes del procés místic: sentir, entendre i comunicar. La religiosa exemplifica un mode d’espiritualitat femenina i de religiositat íntima i devocional dins del claustre.
Les vengeances du ciel et les destins des hommes. Judas dans le manuscrit-recueil de Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, L.II.14 (1311)
Authors: Albert Sophie
Published: September 2024

Le manuscrit de Turin, BNU, L.II.14 (1311) unit en un même recueil des textes hagiographiques et épiques entre lesquels se tissent de multiples échos. L’article propose de lire ce recueil en suivant un fil rouge : celui d’un « cycle des vengeances » contre les ennemis de Dieu, comparable à celui qu’A. Boureau discerne dans la Legenda Aurea. Ce « cycle » s’adosse à deux volets : le destin des damnés ; le motif de la trahison. Le personnage de Judas, tel qu’il s’est développé dans le légendaire médiéval, se situe sur ces deux volets, et chacun d’eux trouve à s’illustrer dans le manuscrit de Turin. Un épisode de la chanson de geste Esclarmonde raconte comment le héros Huon assiste aux peines éternelles du damné ; à la fin du manuscrit, une Vie de Judas relate le parcours du traître, depuis la prémonition néfaste qui précède sa naissance jusqu’à la trahison du Christ. L’article, dans chaque cas, propose une étude du passage, puis élargit la perspective au reste du recueil. Au-delà du rôle de Judas, il montre comment s’articulent, par l’ordonnancement des textes et par leur écriture, les destins des hommes et les vengeances du ciel.
La memoria traumática de la dictadura de Pinochet en el cómic chileno contemporáneo
Authors: Vilches Fuentes Gerardo , Masarah Revuelta Elena
Published: September 2024

En torno al año 2013, con la celebración del 40.º aniversario del golpe de Estado perpetrado contra el gobierno de Salvador Allende en Chile, se publicaron en el país varias novelas gráficas que abordaban los hechos y la consecuente represión de la oposición política y la militancia de izquierdas. Dichas obras constituyen un modesto boom del cómic chileno sobre memoria histórica, y su análisis resulta relevante por ser una fuente novedosa, que se sirve del lenguaje icónico-textual para representar hechos de la memoria colectiva ocurridos durante el golpe y la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet.
Se plantea, así, un análisis pormenorizado de las estrategias de representación que los autores y autoras de estas obras emplean para abordar el tratamiento de diferentes tipos de violencia política —represión en las calles, tortura y violencia sexual ejercida contra las mujeres— asociada al periodo dictatorial, mediante la aplicación de una metodología específica que aúna el análisis historiográfico y el iconográfico, y que permitirá evidenciar el potencial del cómic como medio de expresión del trauma.
Life in His Language
Authors: Morrison Toni
Published: September 2024

Eulogy delivered at James Baldwin’s funeral. Published in The New York Times, December 20, 1987, Sunday, Late City Final Edition Section 7; Page 27, Column 1; Book Review Desk.
Notes on Hotel Camp: Sontag Meets Baldwin in Giovanni’s Room
Authors: Maxwell William J.
Published: September 2024

This essay presents ten notes, historical and speculative, sparked by the fact that two of the classics of American queer writing, James Baldwin’s Giovanni’s Room (1956) and Susan Sontag’s “Notes on ‘Camp’” (1964), were partly inspired by the same tiny Paris hotel room. In place of a case for buried collaboration, I take inspiration from the coincidence of Baldwin and Sontag’s shared space to think their differences together—a conjunction which reveals larger things about the Baldwin we have revived, the Sontag we are reviving, and our residual habit of picturing queer modernism as a star map of individual, trademarked celebrity-functions. Fresh concentration on Sontag and Baldwin’s neglected interactions might help to save both from the distortions of the revivalist spotlight.
“James Baldwin, Return of the Prophet”: An Interview
Authors: West Cornel
Published: September 2024

Cornel West was interviewed by Christopher Lydon for Radio Open Source; the interview was originally broadcast in September of 2017. They discuss the works of Baldwin, the condition of America, and Baldwin’s relevance to that condition today. The interview is reprinted here by permission of the interviewee.
“The Confrontation”: James Baldwin’s Tour for CORE, May 1963
Authors: Pavlić Ed
Published: September 2024

James Baldwin Review is delighted to present a special section dedicated to chronicling and demonstrating Baldwin’s direct involvement in the civil rights movement. On tours for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1962–63, Baldwin spoke at dozens of forums. We have transcribed three of his major appearances on May 7, 1963: a speech before a packed gathering of thousands of students at the University of California at Berkeley; a radio interview with John Leonard and Elsa Knight Thompson; and an evening speech before the sold-out San Francisco Masonic Temple. Ed Pavlić provides an introduction tracing some of Baldwin’s work for CORE in new detail. These details suggest that Baldwin’s activism enriched his life and work in contrast to the prevailing idea that these engagements threatened and diminished his art.
Preaching Without a Pulpit: Toward a Womanist Hermeneutic of Regeneration in Just Above My Head
Authors: Hill Melanie R.
Published: September 2024

In The Souls of Black Folk, W. E. B. Du Bois discusses the historical and cultural importance of the Black preacher as “a leader, a politician, an orator, a ‘boss,’… the centre of a group of men.” I propose we reimagine Du Bois’s Black preacher figure—in his words, “the most unique personality developed on American soil”—as a Black woman. Additionally, we should examine the sermon in African American literature as we focus on womanist preachers and spiritual figures such as Margaret Alexander in The Amen Corner, the sisters in Go Tell It on the Mountain, and most significantly, Julia in Just Above My Head. Coining the term, “womanist hermeneutic of regeneration,” this article demonstrates the affective power of examining blue note womanist preachers and spiritual figures in James Baldwin’s work.
A systematic review of secretome-based therapies for Alzheimer’s disease: Bridging the preclinical and clinical gap
Authors: Hambarsari Yetty , Suroto Suroto , Mirawati Diah Kurnia , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Wasita Brian , Widyaningsih Vitri , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini , Subandi Subandi , Danuaji Rivan , Hamidi Baarid Luqman , Jayanti Hutabarat Ervina Arta , Ristinawati Ira , Tejomukt Teddy , Ario Tedjo Raden Andi , Asaduddin Aiman Hilmi , Hafizhan Muhammad , Putra Stefanus Erdana
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a rapidly increasing prevalence. Current therapeutic options primarily manage symptoms, not modifying the disease. Secretome-based therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for AD treatment in targeting multiple pathways and promoting neuroprotection and regeneration. This systematic review evaluated the preclinical and clinical evidence for secretome-based therapies in AD. A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. The Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies risk of bias (RoB) tool was used for preclinical studies and Cochrane RoB 2.0 for clinical studies. We performed a qualitative analysis of the study results. Included 21 in vivo studies and 2 clinical trials revealed promising outcomes of treatments involving secretomes, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles from different cell sources. The therapies could reduce amyloid plaque load, reactive gliosis, and enhance neuronal density. These findings suggested the treatments reveal mechanisms of action in neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, and inflammation modulation, which are critical in AD pathology. Ongoing trials also supported the safety and efficacy of the treatment strategies. However, translational medical study faces several challenges regarding large-scale production, optimization of protocols, and understanding biomarkers. The heterogeneity in secretome-based therapy administration has complicated the comparison of study outcomes and the translation of preclinical findings into clinical settings. A deeper understanding of the secretome’s mechanisms of action, optimal dosing, and delivery methods are needed to maximize therapeutic outcomes. Despite secretome-based therapies holding significant promise for AD treatment, addressing the identified gaps and limitations is crucial for advancing these therapies from preclinical research to clinical practice.
Chromatin endogenous cleavage provides a global view of yeast RNA polymerase II transcription kinetics
Authors: VanBelzen Jake , Sakelaris Bennet , Brickner Donna G , Marcou Nikita , Riecke Hermann , Mangan Niall M , Brickner Jason H
Published: September 2024

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) is the most common approach to observe global binding of proteins to DNA in vivo. The occupancy of transcription factors (TFs) from ChIP-seq agrees well with an alternative method, chromatin endogenous cleavage (ChEC-seq2). However, ChIP-seq and ChEC-seq2 reveal strikingly different patterns of enrichment of yeast RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). We hypothesized that this reflects distinct populations of RNAPII, some of which are captured by ChIP-seq and some of which are captured by ChEC-seq2. RNAPII association with enhancers and promoters - predicted from biochemical studies - is detected well by ChEC-seq2 but not by ChIP-seq. Enhancer/promoter-bound RNAPII correlates with transcription levels and matches predicted occupancy based on published rates of enhancer recruitment, preinitiation assembly, initiation, elongation, and termination. The occupancy from ChEC-seq2 allowed us to develop a stochastic model for global kinetics of RNAPII transcription which captured both the ChEC-seq2 data and changes upon chemical-genetic perturbations to transcription. Finally, RNAPII ChEC-seq2 and kinetic modeling suggests that a mutation in the Gcn4 transcription factor that blocks interaction with the NPC destabilizes promoter-associated RNAPII without altering its recruitment to the enhancer.
Chromatin endogenous cleavage provides a global view of RNA polymerase II transcription kinetics
Authors: VanBelzen Jake , Sakelaris Bennet , Brickner Donna Garvey , Marcou Nikita , Riecke Hermann , Mangan Niall , Brickner Jason H
Published: September 2024

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq) is the most common approach to observe global binding of proteins to DNA
in vivo
. The occupancy of transcription factors (TFs) from ChIP-seq agrees well with an alternative method, chromatin endogenous cleavage (ChEC-seq2). However, ChIP-seq and ChEC-seq2 reveal strikingly diUerent patterns of enrichment of yeast RNA polymerase II. We hypothesized that this reflects distinct populations of RNAPII, some of which are captured by ChIP-seq and some of which are captured by ChEC-seq2. RNAPII association with enhancers and promoters - predicted from biochemical studies - is detected well by ChEC-seq2 but not by ChIP-seq. Enhancer/promoter bound RNAPII correlates with transcription levels and matches predicted occupancy based on published rates of enhancer recruitment, preinitiation assembly, initiation, elongation and termination. The occupancy from ChEC-seq2 allowed us to develop a stochastic model for global kinetics of RNAPII transcription which captured both the ChEC-seq2 data and changes upon chemical-genetic perturbations to transcription. Finally, RNAPII ChEC-seq2 and kinetic modeling suggests that a mutation in the Gcn4 transcription factor that blocks interaction with the NPC destabilizes promoter-associated RNAPII without altering its recruitment to the enhancer.
Patient-derived xenografts and single-cell sequencing identifies three subtypes of tumor-reactive lymphocytes in uveal melanoma metastases
Authors: Karlsson Joakim W , Sah Vasu R , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Kuznetsova Irina , Iqba Munir , Alsen Samuel , Stenqvist Sofia , Saxena Alka , Ny Lars , Nilsson Lisa M , Nilsson Jonas A
Published: September 2024

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare melanoma originating in the eye’s uvea, with 50% of patients experiencing metastasis predominantly in the liver. In contrast to cutaneous melanoma, there is only a limited effectiveness of combined immune checkpoint therapies, and half of patients with uveal melanoma metastases succumb to disease within 2 years. This study aimed to provide a path toward enhancing immunotherapy efficacy by identifying and functionally validating tumor-reactive T cells in liver metastases of patients with UM. We employed single-cell RNA-seq of biopsies and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to identify potential tumor-reactive T cells. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of UM metastases were created from patients, and tumor sphere cultures were generated from these models for co-culture with autologous or MART1-specific HLA-matched allogenic TILs. Activated T cells were subjected to TCR-seq, and the TCRs were matched to those found in single-cell sequencing data from biopsies, expanded TILs, and in livers or spleens of PDX models injected with TILs. Our findings revealed that tumor-reactive T cells resided not only among activated and exhausted subsets of T cells, but also in a subset of cytotoxic effector cells. In conclusion, combining single-cell sequencing and functional analysis provides valuable insights into which T cells in UM may be useful for cell therapy amplification and marker selection.
The subthalamic nucleus contributes causally to perceptual decision-making in monkeys
Authors: Branam Kathryn , Gold Joshua I , Ding Long
Published: September 2024

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays critical roles in the motor and cognitive function of the basal ganglia (BG), but the exact nature of these roles is not fully understood, especially in the context of decision-making based on uncertain evidence. Guided by theoretical predictions of specific STN contributions, we used single-unit recording and electrical microstimulation in the STN of healthy monkeys to assess its causal, computational roles in visual-saccadic decisions based on noisy evidence. The recordings identified subpopulations of STN neurons with distinct task-related activity patterns that related to different theoretically predicted functions. Microstimulation caused changes in behavioral choices and response times that reflected multiple contributions to an ‘accumulate-to-bound’-like decision process, including modulation of decision bounds and evidence accumulation, and to non-perceptual processes. These results provide new insights into the multiple ways that the STN can support higher brain function.
Causal dynamics of salience, default mode, and frontoparietal networks during episodic memory formation and recall: A multi-experiment iEEG replication
Authors: Das Anup , Menon Vinod
Published: September 2024

Dynamic interactions between large-scale brain networks underpin human cognitive processes, but their electrophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. The triple network model, encompassing the salience (SN), default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal (FPN) networks, provides a framework for understanding these interactions. To unravel the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these network interactions, we analyzed intracranial EEG recordings from 177 participants across four diverse episodic memory experiments, each involving encoding as well as recall phases. Phase transfer entropy analysis revealed consistently higher directed information flow from the anterior insula, a key SN node, to both DMN and FPN nodes. This causal influence was significantly stronger during memory tasks compared to resting-state, highlighting the anterior insula’s task-specific role in coordinating large-scale network interactions. This pattern persisted across externally-driven memory encoding and internally-governed free recall. We also observed task-specific suppression of high-gamma power in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus node of the DMN during memory encoding, but not recall. Crucially, these results were robustly replicated across all four experiments spanning verbal and spatial memory domains with high Bayes replication factors. These findings significantly advance our understanding of how coordinated neural network interactions support memory processes. They highlight the anterior insula’s critical role in orchestrating large-scale brain network dynamics during both memory encoding and retrieval. By elucidating the electrophysiological basis of triple network interactions in episodic memory, our results provide insights into neural circuit dynamics underlying memory function and offer a framework for investigating network disruptions in neurological and psychiatric disorders affecting memory.
Implementing high-throughput insect barcoding in microbiome studies: impact of non-destructive DNA extraction on microbiome reconstruction
Authors: Andriienko Veronika , Buczek Mateusz , Meier Rudolf , Srivathsan Amrita , Łukasik Piotr , Kolasa Michał R.
Published: September 2024

Background

Symbiotic relationships with diverse microorganisms are crucial for many aspects of insect biology. However, while our understanding of insect taxonomic diversity and the distribution of insect species in natural communities is limited, we know much less about their microbiota. In the era of rapid biodiversity declines, as researchers increasingly turn towards DNA-based monitoring, developing and broadly implementing approaches for high-throughput and cost-effective characterization of both insect and insect-associated microbial diversity is essential. We need to verify whether approaches such as high-throughput barcoding, a powerful tool for identifying wild insects, would permit subsequent microbiota reconstruction in these specimens.

Methods

High-throughput barcoding (“megabarcoding”) methods often rely on non-destructive approaches for obtaining template DNA for PCR amplification by leaching DNA out of insect specimens using alkaline buffers such as HotSHOT. This study investigated the impact of HotSHOT on microbial abundance estimates and the reconstructed bacterial community profiles. We addressed this question by comparing quantitative 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for HotSHOT-treated or untreated specimens of 16 insect species representing six orders and selected based on the expectation of limited variation among individuals.

Results

We find that in 13 species, the treatment significantly reduced microbial abundance estimates, corresponding to an estimated 15-fold decrease in amplifiable 16S rRNA template on average. On the other hand, HotSHOT pre-treatment had a limited effect on microbial community composition. The reconstructed presence of abundant bacteria with known significant effects was not affected. On the other hand, we observed changes in the presence of low-abundance microbes, those close to the reliable detection threshold. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed compositional differences in only a few species.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that HotSHOT pre-treated specimens remain suitable for microbial community composition reconstruction, even if abundance may be hard to estimate. These results indicate that we can cost-effectively combine barcoding with the study of microbiota across wild insect communities. Thus, the voucher specimens obtained using megabarcoding studies targeted at characterizing insect communities can be used for microbiome characterizations. This can substantially aid in speeding up the accumulation of knowledge on the microbiomes of abundant and hyperdiverse insect species.
Cidades cognitivas: uma estrutura para a gestão resiliente do ambiente urbano
Authors: Giuriatti Tiago , Souza João Artur de , Paula Gilberto Luiz de Souza
Published: September 2024

As cidades vêm se transformando pela aplicação de novas tecnologias e pela necessidade de atender às suas demandas urbanas suscetíveis aos recursos utilizados, ao tempo, às necessidades e peculiaridades locais. Nesse sentido, estão evoluindo do conceito inteligente onde atendem uma demanda por meio da eficiência para o conceito cognitivo onde aprendem com o meio por conceitos relacionados a sustentabilidade e resiliência de suas ações. Porém, não está claro na literatura um modelo de cidade que estruture esses conceitos e que classifique os domínios e atributos nas dimensões deste ambiente; considerando os modelos e classificações existentes de cidades inteligentes. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é desenvolver, por meio da revisão de trabalhos na literatura os modelos cognitivos aplicados em cidades, classificando-os, e categorizando por meio de pesos e de ocorrências de citações; sendo base para o desenho de uma estrutura de cidade que desenvolva a cognição pela resiliência no direcionamento da gestão do ambiente urbano. Os resultados demonstram que dois terços dos domínios categorizados estão relacionados ao conectivismo por meio de TICs e Dados (IoT); Monitoramento; e Interação humano computador aplicados nas dimensões das cidades. Dentre os atributos os destaques são Combinação de IA, TIC e Modelos Matemáticos: FCMs, SVM, Equações Estruturais, Arquiteturas Cognitivas; Integração entre usuário, bens, serviços; e Sensores com cerca de um terço do total de aplicações nas dimensões categorizadas. Portanto são esses atributos e domínios além dos contidos na pesquisa direcionadores para o desenvolvimento da gestão urbana que busca a implementação da cognição nesse ambiente.
The Troyan War at the Court of Ivan the Terrible (transl. from English by O.V. Dmitrieva)
Authors: Bushkovitch Paul
Published: September 2024

The Illustrated Chronicle Compilation, one of the great projects of Ivan the Terrible’s reign, included a full Russian translation of the History of the Destruction of Troy by the thirteenth century Sicilian judge, Guido delle Colonne. A prose version of a French romance of chivalry, the text fits poorly with our conceptions of sixteenth century Russian culture. Was it history or fiction? Was it secular, or is that term not useful? Partial answers come from references to the text by the boyar V. M. Tuchkov, Ivan himself, and the use of the text by later authors after the Time of Troubles.
Transitional Age: Artisans of Reims in Early Modern Times
Authors: Kirillova Ekaterina
Published: September 2024

Using the statutes of craft and trade corporations in Reims, the author examines the relationship between different ways of assessing a person’s age and the age criteria that determined the transition from apprentice and journeyman to master, workshop owner, teacher, and official in authority. Set by specific numbers and correlated with such characteristics as education, family and financial status, etc., age criteria identified people who were not «adult» enough in the biological and social sense, limiting their access to corporate privileges. Further, it was no longer age, but other criteria (owning a workshop, having a family, economic independence) allowed to exclude craftsmen who had this title, but did not meet it, from the «senior» members of the corporation.
On the Benefits of Manuscripts and Marginalia: «The Justification of the Duke of Burgundy» and its Anonymous Readers
Authors: Togoeva Olga
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the history of the creation and subsequent existence of the political treatise «The Justification of the Duke of Burgundy», written in 1408 by the theologian Jean Petit in defence of John the Fearless, who organized the assassination of Louis of Orleans in November 1407. Based on the data of codicology and paleography and in contrast to the point of view established in historiography, the author of the article proves that the two extant luxury manuscripts of the treatise were made by different scribes and artists, although they were copied at the same time and, possibly, from the same sample. The analysis of various marginalia present in the manuscripts leads the author of the article to the conclusion that the text of the «Justification» was carefully verified by several different revisers: the corrections they made also indicate the independent origin of the codes. The traces of subsequent commentary on the treatise are also important for researchers. They can be found in the margins of one of these manuscripts and indicate the political sympathies of an anonymous reader, which have nothing to do with the position of Jean Petit, the author of the «Justification».
Teachers’ Perceptions and Attitudes on the Double-Track Educational System: A Case Study from Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Gyaase Philip , Ampim-Kyei Emmanuel , Bawammah Lambon Wisdom , Amoakoaa Evelyn Aidoo , Adu-Gyamfi Isaiah , Adueming Emmanuel Osei-Wusu , Lanquaye Mavis Opoku , Akwechoe Anna , Sampson David Ben
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Undoubtedly, the implementation of the free Senior High School (SHS) policy has resulted in a rise in student enrollment. In fact, the free SHS policy provides educational opportunities to children whose guardians and parents cannot afford school fees, otherwise they would not have been able to continue their education. The purpose of the study was to assess teachers’ perceptions and attitudes on Double-Track Educational System (DTES) in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.
Methods: The target population for the study was 178 teachers in the two Senior High Schools in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality. A descriptive study design using quantitative data collection methods involving 124 teachers. The researchers used questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The lottery method of the simple random sampling technique was used to select the 124 teachers for this study because it allowed participants equal probability of selection and thus avoided bias.Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 software (SPSS).
Results: The data were presented using frequencies, tables and texts. Statistical significance for all testing was set as 0.05. A significant proportion of the teachers (72%) had information on the double-track system from the media. Majority had no idea or understood the double-track system which was statistically significant. Significant proportion of the teachers had good attitude towards the implementation of the double-track system.
Conclusions/Recommendations: The study concludes that government should continue with the implementation of the DTES. Perception on DTES was poor among the respondents however, most teachers had good attitude towards the implementation of DTES. Government, Ministry of Education and Ghana Education Service must continue with their education on DTES and further extend it to the churches and the mosque in the Municipality.
The Role of Zn in Chalcopyrite CuFeS2: Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Cu1–xZnxFeS2 with In Situ Nanoprecipitates
Authors: Xie Hongyao , Su Xianli , Zheng Gang , Zhu Ting , Yin Kang , Yan Yonggao , Uher Ctirad , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Tang Xinfeng
Published: October 2016

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is a widespread natural mineral, composed of earth‐abundant and nontoxic elements. It has been considered a promising n‐type material for thermoelectric applications. In this work, a series of Zn‐doped Cu1–xZnxFeS2 (x = 0–0.1) compounds are synthesized by vacuum melting combined with the plasma activated sintering process. The role of Zn in the chalcopyrite and its different effects on thermoelectric properties, depending on its concentration and location in the crystal lattice, are discussed. It is found that Zn is an effective donor which increases the carrier concentration and improves the thermoelectric properties of CuFeS2. When the content of Zn exceeds the solubility limit, Zn partially enters the Cu sites and forms in situ ZnS nanophase. This, in turn, shifts the balance between the anion and cation species which is re‐established by the formation of antisite Fe/Cu defects. Beyond maintaining charge neutrality of the structure, such antisite defects relieve the lattice strain in the matrix and increase the solubility of Zn further. The highest ZT value of 0.26 is achieved at 630 K for Cu0.92Zn0.08FeS2, which represents an enhancement of about 80% over that of the pristine CuFeS2 sample.
Multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium with endogenous membership functions and risk‐taking behaviors
Authors: Miralinaghi Mohammad , Lou Yingyan , Hsu Yu‐Ting , Shabanpour Ramin , Shafahi Yousef
Published: October 2016

Over the last decades, several approaches have been proposed in the literature to incorporate users' perceptions of travel costs, their bounded rationality, and risk‐taking behaviors into network equilibrium modeling for traffic assignment problem. While theoretically advanced, these models often suffer from high complexity and computational cost and often involve parameters that are difficult to estimate. This study proposes an alternative approach where users' imprecise perceptions of travel times are endogenously constructed as fuzzy sets based on the probability distributions of random link travel times. Two decision rules are proposed accordingly to account for users' heterogeneous risk‐taking behaviors, that is, optimistic and pessimistic rules. The proposed approach, namely, the multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium, can be formulated as a link‐based variational inequality model. The model can be solved efficiently, and parameters involved can be either easily estimated or treated as factors for calibration against observed traffic flow data. Numerical examples show that the proposed model can be solved efficiently even for a large‐scale network of Mashhad, Iran, with 2538 links and 7157 origin–destination pairs. The example also illustrates the calibration capability of the proposed model, highlighting that the model is able to produce much more accurate flow estimates compared with the Wardropian user equilibrium model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entsorgung von radioaktiven Abfällen – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Bode Matthias , Marx Steffen , Schacht Gregor
Published: October 2016

International besteht Einigkeit darüber, dass die wärmeentwickelnden hoch radioaktiven Abfälle in tiefengeologischen Endlagern entsorgt werden sollen. Durch die Neuordnung des Standortauswahlverfahrens liegt die Betriebsbereitschaft eines solchen Endlagers in Deutschland noch in weiter Ferne. Auch international gibt es zum heutigen Zeitpunkt kein betriebsbereites Endlager.

Derzeit wird für die wärmeentwickelnden hoch radioaktiven Abfälle in Deutschland das Konzept der trockenen Zwischenlagerung angewendet. Dabei lagern die Abfälle in speziellen gusseisernen Transport‐ und Lagerbehältern. Diese Behälter stehen wiederum in Stahlbetongebäuden, den dezentralen und zentralen Zwischenlagern. Die Lagerung in den Zwischenlagern ist für einen Zeitraum von 40 Jahren genehmigt.

Mit dem Auslaufen der Genehmigungen zwischen 2034 und 2047 sollten die Abfälle in ein tiefengeologisches Endlager eingelagert werden können. Da aufgrund zahlreicher Verzögerungen ein Endlager zu diesem Zeitpunkt voraussichtlich noch nicht betriebsbereit sein wird, gilt es zunächst ein Konzept für die sichere Lagerung der wärmeentwickelnden hoch radioaktiven Abfälle nach Genehmigungsende der Zwischenlager zu entwickeln. Eine solche Überbrückungslagerung ist nach unterschiedlichen Prognosen für einen Zeitraum von mehreren Jahrzehnten bis zu über einem Jahrhundert erforderlich. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt und diskutiert prinzipielle Lösungsvarianten.
Chemotherapy‐induced neuropathies—a growing problem for patients and health care providers
Authors: Banach Marta , Juranek Judyta K. , Zygulska Aneta L.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Chemotherapy‐induced neuropathies are one of the most common side effects of cancer treatment, surpassing bone marrow suppression and kidney dysfunction. Chemotherapy effects on the nervous system vary between different classes of drugs and depend on specific chemical and physical properties of the drug used. The three most neurotoxic classes of anti‐cancer drugs are: platinum‐based drugs, taxanes, and thalidomide and its analogs; other, less neurotoxic but also commonly used drugs are: bortezomib, ixabepilone, and vinca alkaloids.

Methods

Here, in this paper, based on our experience and current knowledge, we provide a short review of the most common, neuropathy‐inducing anti‐cancer drugs, describe the most prevalent neuropathy symptoms produced by each of them, and outline preventive measures and treatment guidelines for cancer patients suffering from neuropathy and for their health care providers.

Results

Patients should be encouraged to report any signs of neuropathic pain, alteration in sensory perception, tingling, numbness, burning, increased hot/cold sensitivity and motor dysfunctions as early as possible. If known neurotoxic chemotherapeutics are used, a neurological examination with electrophysiological evaluation should be implemented early in the course of treatment so, both patients and physicians would be better prepared to cope with possible neurotoxic effects.

Conclusions

The use of neurotoxic chemotherapeutics should be closely monitored and if clinically permitted, that is, if a patient shows signs of cancer regression, drug doses should be reduced or combined with other less neurotoxic anti‐cancer medication. If not counteractive, the use of over the counter antineuropathic supplements such as calcium or magnesium might be encouraged. If physically possible, patients should also be encouraged to exercise regularly and avoid factors that might increase nerve damage such as excessive drinking, smoking, or sitting in a cramped position.
Fiber up‐sampling and quality assessment of tractograms – towards quantitative brain connectivity
Authors: Sommer Stefan , Kozerke Sebastian , Seifritz Erich , Staempfli Philipp
Published: October 2016

Background and Purpose

Diffusion MRI tractography enables to investigate white matter pathways noninvasively by reconstructing estimated fiber pathways. However, such tractograms remain biased and nonquantitative. Several techniques have been proposed to reestablish the link between tractography and tissue microstructure by modeling the diffusion signal or fiber orientation distribution (FOD) with the given tractogram and optimizing each fiber or compartment contribution according to the diffusion signal or FOD. Nevertheless, deriving a reliable quantification of connectivity strength between different brain areas is still a challenge. Moreover, evaluating the quality of a tractogram and measuring the possible error sources contained in a specific reconstructed fiber bundle also remains difficult. Lastly, all of these optimization techniques fail if specific fiber populations within a tractogram are underrepresented, for example, due to algorithmic constraints, anatomical properties, fiber geometry or seeding patterns.

Methods

In this work, we propose an approach which enables the inspection of the quality of a tractogram optimization by evaluating the residual error signal and its FOD representation. The automated fiber quantification (AFQ) is applied, whereby the framework is extended to reflect not only scalar diffusion metrics along a fiber bundle, but also directionally dependent FOD amplitudes along and perpendicular to the fiber direction. Furthermore, we also present an up‐sampling procedure to increase the number of streamlines of a given fiber population. The introduced error metrics and fiber up‐sampling method are tested and evaluated on single‐shell diffusion data sets of 16 healthy volunteers.

Results and Conclusion

Analyzing the introduced error measures on specific fiber bundles shows a considerable improvement in applying the up‐sampling method. Additionally, the error metrics provide a useful tool to spot and identify potential error sources in tractograms.
Synergistic Catalysis for the Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Aziridines with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Næsborg Line , Tur Fernando , Meazza Marta , Blom Jakob , Halskov Kim Søholm , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2016

The first asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of vinyl aziridines with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, based on synergistic catalysis, is disclosed. This methodology allows the formation of attractive pyrrolidine structures in good yields (up to 84 %), moderate diastereoselectivity, and high enantioselectivity values (up to >99 % ee). Additionally, a tricyclic pyrrolidine core structure found in biologically active molecules was synthesized in a one‐pot fashion by using the presented reaction concept. Finally, a mechanistic proposal is outlined.
Single‐Step Synthesis of Organometallic Molecular Squares from NR,NR′,NR′′,NR′′′‐Substituted Benzobiscarbenes
Authors: Sinha Narayan , Roelfes Florian , Hepp Alexander , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: October 2016

The single‐step multicomponent self‐assembly of molecular squares featuring four bridging benzobiscarbenes and four PdII(allyl) or IrI(COD) vertices is presented. Four equivalents of the linear benzobisimidazolium salt [1](PF6)2 react with two equivalents of [Pd(allyl)Cl]2 or [IrCl(COD)]2 in the presence of Cs2CO3 to yield the tetranuclear octacarbene molecular squares [2](PF6)4 (M=Pd) and [3](PF6)4 (M=Ir), respectively. Compounds [2](PF6)4 and [3](PF6)4 feature exclusively M–carbon bonds making them the first purely organometallic molecular squares.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Transport Properties and Compositions of the Ca2RE7Pn5O5 Series (RE: Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy; Pn: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Forbes Scott , Yuan Fang , Kosuda Kosuke , Kolodiazhnyi Taras , Mozharivskyj Yurij
Published: October 2016

The title Ca‐substituted phases are prepared by r.f.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Quaternary Iron Selenides: Ba2FePnSe5 (Pn: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Wang Jian , Greenfield Joshua T. , Kovnir Kirill
Published: October 2016

Ba2FeSbSe5 (I) and Ba2FeBiSe5 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of Ba, Fe, Sb (Bi), and Se in molar ratios of 2:1:1:5 (carbonized evacuated silica tubes, 1073 K, 144 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiNaCo0.5Fe0.5PO4F Fluoride—Phosphate.
Authors: Fedotov Stanislav S. , Kuzovchikov Sergey M. , Khasanova Nellie R. , Drozhzhin Oleg A. , Filimonov Dmitriy S. , Karakulina Olesia M. , Hadermann Joke , Abakumov Artem M. , Antipov Evgeny V.
Published: October 2016

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of LiCo0.5Fe0.5PO4 and NaF (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrical Properties of the Tetrahedral Quaternary Chalcogenides CuM2InTe4 (M: Zn, Cd).
Authors: Nolas George S. , Hassan M. Shafiq , Dong Yongkwan , Martin Joshua
Published: October 2016

Polycrystalline samples of CuZn2InTe4 (I) and CuCd2InTe4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the elements (silica tubes in evacuated quartz tubes, 973 k, 4 d) and subsequent annealing (873 K (I) or 723 K (II), 21 d) and hot press sintering (723 K (I) or 623 K (II), 150 MPa, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: From Racemic Precursors to Fully Stereocontrolled Products: One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral α‐Amino Lactones and Lactams.
Authors: You Zhi‐Hao , Chen Ying‐Han , Liu Yan‐Kai
Published: October 2016

An asymmetric α‐amination of racemic lactols or cyclic hemiaminals with azodicarboxylates followed by oxidation yields chiral α‐amino lactones or lactams with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium Complexes with Imino‐Phosphinanilido Chalcogenide Ligands for Heterofunctionalisation Catalysis.
Authors: Anga Srinivas , Carpentier Jean‐Francois , Panda Tarun K. , Roisnel Thierry , Sarazin Yann
Published: October 2016

The novel calcium complex ligands (I) show good performance in the anti‐Markovnikov hydrophosphination of styrene, but low activity in the hydroamination reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Mediated Chemo‐Selective Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Devari Shekaraiah , Rizvi Masood Ahmad , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: October 2016

The method allows the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols as well as allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ullmann C—N Coupling Catalyzed by a Recoverable Oligose‐Supported Copper Complex.
Authors: Ge Xin , Chen Xinzhi , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: October 2016

A β‐cyclodextrin supported copper complex is successfully employed as catalyst for the coupling reaction of various N‐nucleophiles and aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Arylation of Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles with Aryl Halides Using Copper Nanoparticle Catalytic System.
Authors: Pai Gita , Chattopadhyay Asoke P.
Published: October 2016

Both aryl iodides and aryl bromides are compatible with the reaction conditions; with bromides giving somewhat lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl Triformate (TFBen): A Convenient, Efficient, and Non‐reacting CO Source in Carbonylation Reactions.
Authors: Jiang Li‐Bing , Qi Xinxin , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2016

The synthesis of benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (III) is developed and its utility as CO source in different Pd‐catalyzed coupling reactions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Additional Nucleophile‐Free FeCl3‐Catalyzed Green Deprotection of 2,4‐Dimethoxyphenylmethyl‐Protected Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Sawama Yoshinari , Masuda Masahiro , Honda Akie , Yokoyama Hiroki , Park Kwihwan , Yasukawa Naoki , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: October 2016

The title transformation is performed on a broad range of variously functionalized 2,4‐dimethoxyphenylmethyl‐protected alcohols and carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: The Organocatalytic α‐Fluorination of Chiral γ‐Nitroaldehydes: The Challenge of Facing the Construction of a Quaternary Fluorinated Stereocenter.
Authors: Emma Marco Giuseppe , Lombardo Marco , Trombini Claudio , Quintavalla Arianna
Published: October 2016

The organocatalytic fluorination of γ‐nitroaldehydes with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide allows for the highly stereoselective construction of a challenging quaternary fluorinated stereocenter at the α position of α,α‐dialkyl aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfinamide Phosphinates as Chiral Catalysts for the Enantioselective Organocatalytic Reduction of Imines.
Authors: Chelouan Ahmed , Recio Rocio , Borrego Lorenzo G. , Alvarez Eleuterio , Khiar Noureddine , Fernandez Inmaculada
Published: October 2016

The reaction tolerates diverse arylmethyl imines while delivering the corresponding arylmethyl amines in high yields and with high enantiomeric excesses.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Structural Variety of Nonplanar N‐Oxyl Radical Catalysts and Their Application to the Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic C—H Bonds.
Authors: Kadoh Yoichi , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu
Published: October 2016

The reaction has a broad substrate scope and provides the products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation on Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Oxidation of Aromatic Ketones.
Authors: Chen Tianbao , Ren Hexiang , Zhang Ming , Zhang Ai Qin
Published: October 2016

The α‐acetoxylation of aromatic ketones using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene as oxidant and palladium acetate as catalyst is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Catalyzed Methylsulfoxidation of (Het)aryl Diazonium Salts Using DMSO.
Authors: Pramanik Mukund M. D. , Rastogi Namrata
Published: October 2016

This photocatalyzed methylsulfoxidation of aromatic diazonium salts with DMSO provides aryl methyl sulfoxides in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction with the Aid of in situ Generated PdNPs: Evidence for Enhancing Effect with Biphasic System.
Authors: Mahanta Abhijit , Mondal Manoj , Thakur Ashim Jyoti , Bora Utpal
Published: October 2016

An improved procedure for the Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling in a water extract of rice straw ash is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium and Copper Catalyzed Sonogashira Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Iodides and Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Maaliki Carine , Chevalier Yoan , Thiery Emilie , Thibonnet Jerome
Published: October 2016

Efficient microwave promoted reaction conditions are developed for the decarboxylative Sonogashira coupling of propiolic acids with aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Annulation of 2‐Naphthols with Terminal Alkynes Affording 2‐Arylnaphtho[2,1‐b]furans.
Authors: Liu Long , Ji Xuyu , Dong Jianyu , Zhou Yongbo , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: October 2016

The scalable reaction is successfully performed starting from functionalized 2‐naphthols and aryl alkynes, but fails using 1‐naphthol, phenol or biphenol and alkyl substituted or internal alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Aryl‐2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)furan‐3‐carbaldehyde: Synthesis and Study on Its Ring‐Chain Tautomerism.
Authors: Ghosh Jaydip , Biswas Pritam , Sarkar Tapas , Drew Michael G. B. , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: October 2016

Alkylchromones are found to undergo a AgNO3‐catalyzed isomerization to furanaldehydes which can exist in solution as tautomeric mixtures with lactols.
ChemInform Abstract: Wittig—Horner Mediated Synthesis of 4‐Vinyl Sulfide Derivatives of Pyrazoles.
Authors: Padilha Gustavo , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C.
Published: October 2016

BuLi‐mediated Wittig—Horner reactions of 4‐formylpyrazoles with arylthiophosphonates result in a synthesis of E/Z‐mixtures of 4‐vinyl sulfide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of α‐Chloroketones with Hydrazines: A Simple Route to Pyrazolone Derivatives.
Authors: Capua Martina , Granito Catia , Perrone Serena , Salomone Antonio , Troisi Luigino
Published: October 2016

The title reaction is examined to generally give mixtures of regioisomeric pyrazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Practical Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethylarylimidazoles from O‐Arylenediamines and Hexafluoroacetylacetone.
Authors: Zhou Yanmei , Shen Guanshuo , Sui Yuebo , Zhou Haifeng
Published: October 2016

Fe(OTf)3‐catalyzed condensation of o‐phenylenediamine and hexafluoroacetylacetone results in an efficient formation of 2‐trifluoromethyl substituted benzimidazoles.