bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of patient‐specific instrumentation for implant positioning in custom‐made total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Mazzotti Antonio , Zielli Simone Ottavio , Arceri Alberto , Artioli Elena , Langone Laura , Sgubbi Federico , Geraci Giuseppe , Faldini Cesare
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This retrospective radiological analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of implant positioning in patients with ankle arthritis undergoing custom‐made total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with patient‐specific instrumentation (PSI) compared with preoperative planning.

Methods

Patients who underwent custom‐made TAA with PSI from January 2018 to March 2023 were retrospectively evaluated, focusing on the tibial anterior surface (TAS) angle, tibial lateral surface (TLS) angle and tibiotalar ratio (TTR). Additionally, data regarding the time from the preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan to surgery, associated procedures and complications were recorded.

Results

No associated procedures were performed, and only one intraoperative complication, an iatrogenic lateral malleolar fracture, was recorded. In the coronal plane, custom‐made TAA with PSI consistently achieved precise positioning of prosthetic components, even in cases with significant preoperative deformities or bone deficits. However, a statistically significant deviation from the planned values was observed in the sagittal plane (p = 0.007). A notable correlation was identified between the time elapsed from the preoperative CT scan to surgery and the deviation from the planned to the actual postoperative TAS angle (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study underscores the efficacy of PSI systems in achieving precise positioning in the coronal plane, in accordance with preoperative planning. In contrast, sagittal plane positioning did not demonstrate the same level of accuracy, as evidenced by a statistically significant difference between the planned and postoperative TLS values. Nevertheless, all measurements remained within the recommended range according to the existing literature.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Temporal changes in plasma metabolic signatures to predict immune response of antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV
Authors: Li Junnan , Lv Jiali , Yu Fengting , Zhang Yu , Wang Yuqi , Yan Liting , Xiao Qing , Li Qun , Wang Cheng , Wang Xi , Hou Yan , Zhang Fujie , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2024

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for people living with HIV (PLHIVs), requiring an extended period to achieve immune reconstitution. Metabolic alterations induced by ART are crucial for predicting long‐term therapeutic responses, yet comprehensive investigation through large‐scale clinical studies is still lacking. Here, we collected plasma samples from 108 PLHIVs to the untargeted plasma metabolomics study, based on the longitudinal metabolomics design. Cross‐sectional analyzes were performed at pre‐ and post‐ART to explore the metabolic transformation induced by the therapy. Subsequently, delta values between pre‐ and post‐ART measurements were calculated to quantify metabolic alterations. Then, the optimal set of metabolic traits and clinical signatures were further identified and applied to construct random forest model for predicting the future therapeutic responses to ART. We found distinct ART‐induced metabolic transformation among PLHIVs. After confounder‐adjustments, five metabolites exhibited significant associations with future immune response: tetracosatetraenoic acid (24:4n‐6) (pre‐ART) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.978, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.955~0.997), 1‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)−5‐hydroxy‐3‐decanone (pre‐ART) (OR: 1.298, 95% CI: 1.061~1.727), beta‐PC‐M6 (change) (OR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.938~0.993), d‐Galactaro‐1,4‐lactone (change) (OR: 1.032, 95% CI: 1.007~1.063), Annuionone C (change) (OR: 1.100, 95% CI: 1.030~1.190). The addition of plasma metabolites to clinical markers accurately predicted immune response to ART with an area under curve of 0.91. Notably, most disrupted metabolites were significantly correlated with blood lipids, suggesting that metabolic transformation might contribute to dyslipidemia among PLHIVs. This study highlights the distinct metabolic transformation post‐ART among PLHIVs and reveals the potential role of metabolic transformation as key determinants of ART efficacy.
Computational modeling of uniaxial antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators
Authors: Nguyen Binh H. , Rochus Véronique
Published: July 2024

Recently, antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like materials have regained interest in electronic devices, such as field‐effect transistors, memory, and transducers. Particularly in micro/nano‐electromechanical coupling systems such as actuators, these innovative materials, with their peculiar phase transition between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases, show promise in offering large electro‐strain, fast response, and low power consumption devices. However, compared to numerous computational models of ferroelectric actuators, numerical modeling of antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we propose a phenomenological model of uniaxial antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators based on their switching polarization behavior. Specifically, both the double hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric materials and the pinched hysteresis loop of antiferroelectric‐like materials can be captured by two hyperbolic tangent functions. This allows us to cast a polarization‐dependent strain and piezoelectric tensor into the constitutive laws. The proposed model is then implemented into a finite element framework, in which the voltage‐induced deformation can be solved using the Newton–Raphson procedure. Numerical examples of both antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators are illustrated and compared with experimental data, showing our proposed model can serve as a useful tool for the design and development of antiferroelectric and antiferroelectric‐like actuators.
Relationship between perceived human resource management system strength, thriving at work, and employee's turnover intention in Chinese hotels
Authors: Guo Jing , Li Longzhen , Kim Min Gyung , Jeon Hyangsuk
Published: July 2024

The high turnover rate of employees is one of the core problems of human resource management (HRM) in the hotel industry. We aim to propose a fresh perspective on hotel HRM by examining the impact of HRM system strength on employees' turnover intentions from a motivational process perspective. Introducing thriving at work as a mediator, we argue that employees' perceived HRM system strength not only provides a basis for rational judgment but also elicits affective evaluation through thriving at work to reduce turnover intention. Grit, a motivation‐related personality trait, is also considered a moderator. Data from 420 Chinese hotel employees showed that perceived HRM system strength (distinctiveness, consistency, and consensus) reduced turnover intention. Thriving at work partially mediated the relationship, while employee grit moderated the link between HRM strength and thriving. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Extending Applicability of Amino‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticle as Poly‐Alpha‐Olefin Additive for Different Metal–Metal Sliding Pairs via Secondary Surface‐Capping by Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride
Authors: Yao Jiajia , Fan Shuguang , Song Ningning , Gao Chuanping , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Shengmao
Published: July 2024

The tribological properties of lubricants containing the same additives often vary with varying hardness and composition of the frictional parts. This means that, in terms of the effectiveness of lubricant additives, most of current researches using GCr15 steel to assemble the frictional pair could not be directly cited by the moving parts made of other materials. Aiming at verifying if RNS‐1A‐PIBSA (referring to amino‐functionalized silica nanoparticle [RNS‐1A] after secondary surface‐capping by polyisobutylene succinic anhydride [PIBSA]) is suitable for multiple frictional parts made of different materials with varying hardness and composition, herein we investigate its applicability an additive in poly‐alpha‐olefin 6 (PAO6) base oil to three types of sliding pairs constructed from GCr15 steel, #45 steel, and ductile iron with much different hardness and composition by SRV‐5. A series of analyses of worn surface morphology and composition demonstrate that, independent of the composition and hardness of the frictional pairs, RNS‐1A‐PIBSA added in PAO6 base oil can form silica deposition film on the rubbed surfaces of the three kinds of sliding pairs, thereby effectively reducing friction and wear. Besides, we also examine the effect of RNS‐1A‐PIBSA on the thermal stability of the PAO6 base oil, and found the nano‐additive RNS‐1A‐PIBSA can delay the thermal decomposition of PAO6 base oil to some extent, which is favourable for its application in lubrication engineering.
National Council joins coalition to strengthen MH care access
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2024

Observing shared priorities and a pressing need to expand equitable access to quality mental health care, the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (National Council) has been invited to join Path Forward's already established initiative to advance targeted policies and practices to advance these efforts. Integrated care and specialty access are the coalition's top priorities.
No sex‐based differences in odds of starting or time to treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis: A single center cohort study
Authors: Beland Benjamin , Perera Tefani , Lee Angela , Greenfield Jamie , Korngut Lawrence , Jewett Gordon
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims

Females with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) report lower quality of life (QoL) and have more severe disease than males. Sex differences in disease characteristics exist, however whether there are sex differences in the treatment of gMG that may contribute to QoL disparities is unknown. Our objective is to determine whether there are sex differences in the treatment of gMG.

Methods

We performed a single‐center retrospective study of people diagnosed with gMG at the University of Calgary between 1997 and 2021. Primary outcome was proportion starting treatment and secondary outcome was time from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Treatments included pyridostigmine, prednisone, steroid sparing therapies (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], methotrexate [MTX], or tacrolimus), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis, rituximab, eculizumab, cyclosporine, stem cell transplantation, and thymectomy. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine treatment associations with sex, adjusted for time from onset to diagnosis, age at diagnosis, presence of thymoma, and antibody status.

Results

A total of 179 people with gMG were included (41.9% female). Odds of starting treatment were not statistically associated with sex after adjustment for confounders and correction for multiple testing. Results of the secondary analysis using time to treatment initiation as the outcome were similar.

Discussion

We found no sex differences in odds of starting treatment or time to treatment initiation that might explain previously observed sex‐based differences in QoL. Future work should capture physician and patient treatment preferences that may influence disease management.
Examining community‐level social vulnerability and emergency department use for people living with sickle cell disease in Michigan
Authors: Swallow Jennylee , Latta Krista , Plegue Melissa , Peng Hannah K. , Tipirneni Renuka , Smith Dominic , Lê‐Scherban Félice , Dombkowski Kevin J. , Reeves Sarah L.
Published: July 2024

This study examined associations between emergency department (ED) visits and social vulnerability index (SVI) among Michigan's population with sickle cell disease (SCD) using data from the Michigan Sickle Cell Data Collection program (n = 3658 in 2018). SVI was higher among census tracts where people with SCD resided (mean SVI = 0.67; SD = 0.27) compared to census tracts without SCD residents (mean SVI = 0.39; SD = 0.25; p < .001). For children with SCD, for every 0.1 increase in SVI score, the number of ED visits increased by 6% (IRR = 1.061; SE = 0.03; p = .038). Future research should investigate the association between SVI and ED use, at the community and household levels, to elucidate strategies to reduce ED use among children with SCD.
Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of aramid fibre reinforced with sawdust particulates in an epoxy matrix composite: a novel material for structural applications
Authors: Raja Thandavamoorthy , Devarajan Yuvarajan
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the development and characterization of a novel composite material for structural applications, aiming to address the growing demand for lightweight, durable and versatile materials. The composite integrates aramid fibre reinforced with sawdust particulates within an epoxy matrix. Methodologically, the composite was fabricated using a hand layup process, ensuring even distribution and strong adhesion between components. Mechanical testing revealed significant enhancements in tensile strength (up to 135.29 MPa) and flexural strength (up to 136.92 MPa) with the inclusion of sawdust particulates, optimizing stress distribution and impact resistance. Hardness was also improved, peaking at a Rockwell hardness number of 94. Thermal analysis demonstrated moderate thermal conductivity (1.92 W mK−1) and a high heat deflection temperature (109 °C), indicating excellent thermal stability. SEM provided insights into the composite's microstructure, confirming uniform sawdust distribution and robust fibre–matrix adhesion. These findings underscore the potential of this composite for lightweight, durable and thermally stable structural applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Innovative Self Nano‐Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems for Peptic Ulcer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Mujtaba Syed Hassan , Arshad Rabia , Aman Waqar , Barkat Kashif , Malik Abdul , Fatima Anam , Khan Salman Arshad , Sadia Haleema , e Maryam Gul , Moafian Zeinab , Rahdar Abbas , Aboudzadeh M. Ali
Published: July 2024

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) adversely affects ≈4 million individuals globally and remains pervasive among 5–10% of the general population. Mucosal lesions prompted by the ulceration lead to the penetration through mucosal layers, ultimately resulting in cavity formation and inflammation. Conventional therapeutic modalities for peptic ulcers have shown unfavorable effects, relapses, and numerous drug interactions. The genesis of gastric ulcers is catalyzed via an imbalanced interplay between environmental lesions, defensive mechanisms, and the restoration of gastric mucosa. Lipid based nanotechnology involved in self‐nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is being tremendously involved in opening avenues in innovative pharmaceutical delivery systems in terms of improving solubility and regenerative healing against peptic ulcers. Biological macromolecules can be incorporated into SNEDDS to embellish the drug delivery system on an advanced level. Herein, in this review, the potential of SNEDDS as a viable carrier for administering biomacromolecules for regenerative healing in ulcers is discussed in detail.
Analytical Photoresponses of Gated Nanowire Photoconductors
Authors: Shen Yinchu , He Jiajing , Xu Yang , Wang Kaiyou , Dan Yaping
Published: July 2024

Low‐dimensional photoconductors have extraordinarily high photoresponse and gain, which can be modulated by gate voltages as shown in literature. However, the physics of gate modulation remains elusive. In this work, the physics of gate modulation in silicon nanowire photoconductors with the analytical photoresponse equations is investigated. It is found that the impact of gate voltage varies vastly for nanowires with different size. For the wide nanowires that cannot be pinched off by high gate voltage, it is found that the photoresponses are enhanced by at least one order of magnitude due to the gate‐induced electric passivation. For narrow nanowires that starts with a pinched‐off channel, the gate voltage has no electric passivation effect but increases the potential barrier between source and drain, resulting in a decrease in dark and photocurrent. For the nanowires with an intermediate size, the channel is continuous but can be pinched off by a high gate voltage. The photoresponsivity and photodetectivity is maximized during the transition from the continuous channel to the pinched‐off one. This work provides important insights on how to design high‐performance photoconductors.
Impact of Perovskite Subcell Breakdown on the Performance of Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple‐Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Heydarian Maryamsadat , Bett Alexander J. , Messmer Christoph , Aulich Johanna , Fischer Oliver , Heydarian Minasadat , Gupta Yashika , Schulze Patricia S. C. , Borchert Juliane , Schindler Florian , Schubert Martin C. , Glunz Stefan W.
Published: July 2024

Perovskite‐based triple‐junction solar cells have recently gained significant attention and are rapidly developing, thanks to the insights gained from the advancement in its dual‐junction counterparts. However, employing perovskite materials in multijunction solar cells with more than two junctions brings new challenges that have not yet been addressed. One aspect is the possibility of reverse bias breakdown of perovskite subcells during operation of the triple–junction device. This is more relevant for triple‐junction solar cells because a higher reverse voltage might drop at perovskite subcells compared to the case of dual‐junction solar cells. Herein, the breakdown voltages of the two perovskite subcells in perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple‐junction solar cells are determined by progressively increasing the reverse bias applied to the subcells in a single‐junction architecture during current–voltage measurements and monitoring the appearance of shunts using illuminated lock‐in thermography measurements. Furthermore, to analyze the effect on the final triple–junction solar cell, the triple‐junction device is brought in different current limitation conditions. It is shown that the subcell breakdown can happen during the operation of the triple‐junction solar cell, especially for the case where the perovskite top cell is limiting the overall current of the device. This effect is less severe when the middle perovskite cell limits the current due to the absence of a direct contact with the silver metallization which has shown to be the major degradation site during reverse biasing of perovskite solar cells. Finally, there is no concern regarding breakdown of the silicon bottom cell due to the higher breakdown voltage of silicon compared to perovskite.
Radiolarian response to environmental changes at the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria
Authors: Cifer Tim , Goričan Špela , Demény Attila , Gawlick Hans‐Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Major environmental, climate and sealevel changes occurred in the Western Tethyan Realm during the late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian time interval. Here, we examine how these changes affected the taxonomic composition of radiolarian fauna. Radiolarian assemblages were collected on Mount Rettenstein (Northern Calcareous Alps) from a siliceous limestone and marl succession, deposited in a well‐oxygenated basin a few hundred metres in depth on the continental shelf at the western edge of the Neotethys Ocean. Radiolarian research was complemented with elemental and isotope geochemistry on bulk carbonate samples. The siliceous microfaunas below and above the stage boundary consist of more than 80% sponge spicules and less than 20% radiolarians, with a strong predominance of the Order Spumellaria. The Nassellaria to Spumellaria abundance ratio ranges from 1:5 to 1:3. At the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition, a significant drop in diversity occurred, accompanied by a substantial change in relative abundances of radiolarian taxa. The most severely affected groups were surface‐dwelling radiolarians (Angulobrachiidae, Hagiastridae, Pantanelliidae; mostly Gorgansium, Poulpidae and Ultranaporidae), which almost or completely disappeared. In contrast, Archaeocenosphaera, Praeconocaryomma, Zhamoidellum and Lantus became abundant and were apparently the most resistant to environmental stress. The changes in radiolarian assemblages were local and probably induced by the end‐Sinemurian sealevel drop that transformed the area into a semi‐enclosed basin with restricted ocean circulation. The exchange of water masses and thus radiolarian faunas with the open sea was reduced and their productivity may have been lowered by the lower inflow of fertile waters from the ocean.
The contribution of open spaces in Mekelle city on crop production during absolute siege in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Hadush Tiegsti , Gebrekiros Tarik
Published: July 2024

Urban agriculture is fundamental to attaining sustainable development goals in rapidly growing and expanding urban areas. Urban open spaces such as parks, balconies, community gardens, vacant lots, and rooftops can create a breeding ground for urban agricultural practices. Most of the open spaces available in Mekelle city in Ethiopia are land left for leasing in the future and green areas. Despite the limitation on food grain supply, these open spaces were not used to their maximum potential for crop production before the Tigray siege. After the siege began, the available open spaces were cultivated. However, the area of the open spaces added for cultivation and their contribution to crop production have not been studied and documented. Thus, assessing open spaces in the city and their crop production potential remains crucial. Remote sensing and a household survey were employed to collect the necessary data in this study. Urban open space cultivated after the Tigray siege was estimated using image change detection. The contribution of the open spaces to crop production was calculated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The available open spaces in Mekelle city contributed 2687 ha of newly cultivated land, producing 3825 tonnes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 880 tonnes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain. Therefore, utilizing the maximum potential of available open spaces for urban agriculture produces considerable food crops to minimize food shortage.
Roots multi‐lobe vacuum pumps with external compression
Authors: Raykov A. , Salikeev S. , Burmistrov A. , Fomina M.
Published: July 2024

The influence of the number of lobes on the working process of Roots vacuum pump is examined using the production vacuum pump NVD‐200 with a rotor profile based on an elliptical curve as a prototype. Design with two‐lobe, three‐lobe and four‐lobe rotor profiles was considered. Calculation of the main parameters characterizing profile quality (area‐utilizing ratio and conductance of rotor mechanism clearances) was carried out. The influence of rotor “plumpness” on pumping characteristics was studied. It is shown that the number of lobes providing the maximal pumping speed is different depending on the geometric parameters of the rotor.
PVD‐Beschichtungen ermöglichen textile Kabel und Sensoren
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Amberg Martin
Published: July 2024

Sputtern oder Kathodenzerstäubung ist eine Methode der physikalischen Gasphasenabscheidung (physical vapor deposition, PVD), die auf der Wechselwirkung mit einem Plasma, ein teilweise ionisiertes Gas, unter Vakuumbedingungen beruht. Durch Plasmawechselwirkung werden Atome von einem festen Material, dem Target, abgetragen (gesputtert) und auf einem Substrat abgeschieden. Auf diese Weise erfüllt das Plasma zwei Funktionen: i) die Erzeugung hochenergetischer Ionen von mehreren 100 eV, die auf das Target beschleunigt werden, und ii) die Unterstützung des Schichtwachstums durch Wechselwirkung mit Plasmateilchen niedrigerer Energie, etwa um 10 eV. Für beide Prozesse gibt es angepasste Energiebereiche sowie Schwellenwerte, die in diesem Artikel eingehender betrachtet werden. Sputtern ist ein etabliertes Verfahren mit breiter industrieller Anwendung. Hier wird als Beispiel die Metallisierung von Polymerfasern aufgezeigt, um elektrisch leitfähige textile Sensoren und hochfeste textile Kabel zu ermöglichen.
Study of the chemical composition of coal and coal ash by X‐ray fluorescence method: A review
Authors: Revenko Anatoly G. , Pashkova Galina V.
Published: July 2024

Information about the elemental compositions of coal and coal ash is very important to solve some issues related to both technological processes and the control of environmental pollution. It is known that the coal and coal ash samples often contain significant amounts of valuable as well as toxic components (e.g., V, Cr, Со, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Ba, Pb, Ga, and Ge) that can be successfully determined by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. This review briefly discusses the development of XRF equipment, elements of interest determined by XRF, and common sample preparation procedures. The calculation of relative intensities of analytical lines of some elements and scattered radiation is presented to demonstrate possible matrix effects in XRF analysis. Possibilities and drawbacks of total reflection XRF (TXRF) are described in detail as the coal and ash analysis is a relatively new area of application of TXRF method. The review also presents examples of the application of the XRF method for analysis of waste from coal preparation plants and thermal power plants to assess their prospects and to choose a method for extracting individual elements. Among the reviewed publications, several works are devoted to the study of the element distributions, especially rare earth elements, in coals, coal ash, and coal waste.
Anomalous U(1) extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Anastasopoulos Pascal , Antoniadis Ignatios , Benakli Karim , Rondeau François
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We present a set of example models in which the Standard Model (SM) symmetry group is extended by a new abelian symmetry. This additional symmetry appears anomalous in the effective low-energy theory; however, the anomalies cancel out when massive chiral fermions not present in the effective low-energy theory are taken into account. These chiral fermions under the new abelian gauge group, are chosen to be vector-like under the SM symmetries, and reside in the same representations as quarks and leptons. This allows us to quantitatively determine the magnitude of tree-level interactions between three vector bosons induced in low-energy effective field theory by the integration of chiral heavy fermions. We also examine the perturbativity constraints of the theory and the ultraviolet cut-off. We conclude by highlighting possible extensions of our work.
Large-N integrated correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM: when resurgence meets modularity
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Treilis Rudolfs
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Exact expressions for certain integrated correlators of four half-BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N) have been recently obtained thanks to a beautiful interplay between supersymmetric localisation and modular invariance. The large-N expansion at fixed Yang-Mills coupling of such integrated correlators produces an asymptotic series of perturbative terms, holographically related to higher derivative interactions in the low energy expansion of the type IIB effective action, as well as exponentially suppressed corrections at large N, interpreted as contributions from coincident (p, q)-string world-sheet instantons. In this work we define a manifestly modular invariant Borel resummation of the perturbative large-N expansion of these integrated correlators, from which we extract the exact non-perturbative large-N sectors via resurgence analysis. Furthermore, we show that in the ’t Hooft limit such modular invariant non-perturbative completions reduce to known resurgent genus expansions. Finally, we clarify how the same non-perturbative data is encoded in the decomposition of the integrated correlators based on SL(2, ℤ) spectral theory.
Electroweak evolution equations and isospin conservation
Authors: Ciafaloni Paolo , Co’ Giampaolo , Colferai Dimitri , Comelli Denis
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In processes taking place at energies much higher than the weak scale, electroweak corrections can be taken into account by using electroweak evolution equations, that are analogous to the DGLAP equations in QCD. We show that weak isospin conservation in these equations imposes to modify the expressions of the splitting functions commonly used in the literature. These modifications have a profound impact on the parton distribution functions.
N3LO power corrections for 0-jettiness subtractions with fiducial cuts
Authors: Vita Gherardo
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We compute the leading logarithmic power corrections at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order for 0-jettiness subtractions for Drell-Yan and Higgs production in gluon fusion differential in both the invariant mass and rapidity of the color singlet. We review how to disentangle these power corrections from those arising from the presence of fiducial and isolation cuts by using Projection-to-Born improved slicing. Our results include all the channels contributing at leading logarithmic order for these processes, including the off-diagonal channels that receive contributions from soft quark emission. We study the numerical impact of the power corrections for Drell-Yan and Higgs production and find it to become negligible compared to the size of the N3LO corrections only below τcut ~ 10−5. We estimate that in a fully differential calculation at N3LO combining the Projection-to-Born improved slicing method and our results for the leading logarithmic power corrections may allow for keeping the slicing uncertainties under control already with τcut ≲ 10−3, marking a significant improvement in efficiency for these methods. These results constitute a crucial ingredient for fully differential N3LO calculations based on the N-jettiness subtraction scheme.
Timelike entanglement entropy and phase transitions in non-conformal theories
Authors: Afrasiar Mir , Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Giataganas Dimitrios
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We propose a holographic formalism for a timelike entanglement entropy in non-conformal theories. This pseudoentropy is a complex-valued measure of information, which, in holographic non-conformal theories, receives contributions from a set of spacelike surfaces and a finite timelike bulk surface with mirror symmetry. We suggest a method of merging the surfaces so that the boundary length of the subregion is exclusively specified by holography. We show that in confining theories, the surfaces can be merged in the bulk at the infrared tip of the geometry and are homologous to the boundary region. The timelike entanglement entropy receives its imaginary and real contributions from the timelike and the spacelike surfaces, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that in confining theories, there exists a critical length within which a connected non-trivial surface can exist, and the imaginary part of the timelike entanglement entropy is non-zero. Therefore, the timelike entanglement entropy exhibits unique behavior in confining theories, making it a probe of confinement and phase transitions. Finally, we discuss the entanglement entropy in Euclidean spacetime in confining theories and the effect of a simple analytical continuation from a spacelike subsystem to a timelike one.
A heuristic approach to attenuation of non-relevant metabolites in groundwater and drinking water in Germany
Authors: Sur Robin , Herrmann Marco , Ganbaatar Namjil , Singer Alexander
Published: July 2024

A simple and effective heuristic approach was developed and validated to predict the concentration of non-relevant metabolites (nrM) of pesticides in groundwater and drinking water resources based on the simulated concentrations in leachate as used in product authorizations. The evaluation of extensive monitoring data for 50 nrM has demonstrated that the heuristic has a high predictive performance, i.e., concentrations of < 10 µg/l in shallow leachate in the unsaturated zone of the soil in 1 m depth are protective of 1 µg/l in groundwater and raw water in 98 % of cases (49/50 nrM). The reason for the excellent predictive power of the heuristic approach is the large concentration attenuation from leachate to groundwater and to raw water, which was determined to be, on average, 25- and 45-fold, respectively.
Transitions in chromatin conformation shaped by fatty acids and the circadian clock underlie hepatic transcriptional reorganization in obese mice
Authors: Pacheco-Bernal Ignacio , Becerril-Pérez Fernando , Bustamante-Zepeda Marcia , González-Suárez Mirna , Olmedo-Suárez Miguel A. , Hernández-Barrientos Luis Ricardo , Alarcón-del-Carmen Alejandro , Escalante-Covarrubias Quetzalcoatl , Mendoza-Viveros Lucía , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , León-del-Río Alfonso , de la Rosa-Velázquez Inti A. , Orozco-Solis Ricardo , Aguilar-Arnal Lorena
Published: July 2024

The circadian clock system coordinates metabolic, physiological, and behavioral functions across a 24-h cycle, crucial for adapting to environmental changes. Disruptions in circadian rhythms contribute to major metabolic pathologies like obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing circadian control is vital for identifying therapeutic targets. It is well characterized that chromatin remodeling and 3D structure at genome regulatory elements contributes to circadian transcriptional cycles; yet the impact of rhythmic chromatin topology in metabolic disease is largely unexplored. In this study, we explore how the spatial configuration of the genome adapts to diet, rewiring circadian transcription and contributing to dysfunctional metabolism. We describe daily fluctuations in chromatin contacts between distal regulatory elements of metabolic control genes in livers from lean and obese mice and identify specific lipid-responsive regions recruiting the clock molecular machinery. Interestingly, under high-fat feeding, a distinct interactome for the clock-controlled gene Dbp strategically promotes the expression of distal metabolic genes including Fgf21. Alongside, new chromatin loops between regulatory elements from genes involved in lipid metabolism control contribute to their transcriptional activation. These enhancers are responsive to lipids through CEBPβ, counteracting the circadian repressor REVERBa. Our findings highlight the intricate coupling of circadian gene expression to a dynamic nuclear environment under high-fat feeding, supporting a temporally regulated program of gene expression and transcriptional adaptation to diet.
Equal rank local theta correspondence as a strong Morita equivalence
Authors: Mesland Bram , Şengün Mehmet Haluk
Published: July 2024

Let (G, H) be one of the equal rank reductive dual pairs $$\left( Mp_{2n},O_{2n+1} \right) $$

M

p

2
n

,

O

2
n
+
1

or $$\left( U_n,U_n \right) $$

U
n

,

U
n

over a nonarchimedean local field of characteristic zero. It is well-known that the theta correspondence establishes a bijection between certain subsets, say $$\widehat{G}_\theta $$

G
^

θ

and $$\widehat{H}_\theta $$

H
^

θ

, of the tempered duals of G and H. We prove that this bijection arises from an equivalence between the categories of representations of two $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras whose spectra are $$\widehat{G}_\theta $$

G
^

θ

and $$\widehat{H}_\theta $$

H
^

θ

. This equivalence is implemented by the induction functor associated to a Morita equivalence bimodule (in the sense of Rieffel) which we construct using the oscillator representation. As an immediate corollary, we deduce that the bijection is functorial and continuous with respect to weak inclusion. We derive further consequences regarding the transfer of characters and preservation of formal degrees.
Rural–urban migration of Alaska Indigenous peoples: changing patterns and drivers
Authors: Berman Matthew , Wang-Cendejas Ruoqing
Published: July 2024

Migration from rural areas to urban population centers has long been associated with modernization; a pattern one might expect to accelerate as advancing climate change degrades rural land-based livelihoods. Does rural–urban migration of arctic Indigenous peoples follow a similar pattern? Has depopulation of rural arctic areas accelerated as climate-driven environmental change has intensified in the rapidly warming arctic? What are the main drivers of mobility, both historically and more recently? We address these questions through a review and synthesis of empirical studies of rural–urban migration of arctic Indigenous peoples using individual records over the past four decades, along with analysis of new data informed by those previous studies. The use of microdata allows us to incorporate variation in individual situations and choices as well as community characteristics that vary across space and time, permitting us to make inferences about factors associated with decisions to move. The evidence shows that rural–urban migration patterns appear largely to have persisted over the decades, but some drivers have changed. Living costs appear to have replaced livelihood opportunities as the dominant driver since 2000. Other changes in decisions to move are complex, and require additional research to understand.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Restoration of Uterovaginal Continuity and Vaginoplasty—Utero-Colo-Neovaginoplasty—in Cervicovaginal Agenesis Using the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Thotan Sundeep Payyanur , Prabhu Santosh P , Narayan Pratap Kumar , Pai Nitin G , Rammohan Ranjani
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis

Congenital cervicovaginal agenesis in the presence of a functional endometrium is a rare Müllerian anomaly. The management ranges from hysterectomy historically to various reconstructive procedures more recently. We report our experience with utero-colo-vaginoplasty in the management of this anomaly and its long-term follow-up.

Methods

The case records of all the patients with vaginal or cervicovaginal agenesis in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were then called for an outpatient visit and examined in detail. The anatomical variations, surgical procedures and outcomes were recorded and analysed.

Results

Sixteen patients aged 14 to 26 years were included during the study period. They presented with cyclical painful cryptomenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed cervicovaginal or distal vaginal agenesis. All the patients underwent utero-colo-vaginoplasty. Intraoperative rectal injury led to post-operative faecal leak from the perineal wound in one patient in the post-operative period. Restoration of painless menstrual flow was possible in all 16 cases. Long-term complications were seen in 4 patients. These were stenosis of the perineal neovaginal orifice in 2 patients, obstruction at colo-uterine anastomosis in 1 patient and mucosal prolapse at the neovagina in 1 patient. Three of these patients needed secondary surgical procedures. Five were sexually active and reported consummation of penetrative intercourse. None of them had conceived.

Conclusion

In our experience, utero-colo-vaginoplasty allows for regular painless menstruation and coitus with minimal long-term complications. The sole disadvantage is the failure to conceive.
Sedation and anesthesia for imaging of the infant and neonate—a brief review
Authors: Beaulieu Forrest P. , Zuckerberg Gabriel , Coletti Kristen , Mapelli Emily , Flibotte John , Sampath Spoorthi , Hwang Misun , Drum Elizabeth T.
Published: July 2024

Sedation and anesthesia are often required in order to facilitate collection of high-quality imaging studies free of significant motion artifact for infants and neonates. Provision of safe sedation and anesthesia requires good communication between the ordering provider, radiologist, and anesthesiologist, careful pre-procedural evaluation of the patient, and availability of appropriate and sufficient equipment, drugs, personnel, and facilities. There are many additional factors to be considered for provision of safe sedation or anesthesia for infants and neonates—it is ideal to involve a fellowship-trained pediatric anesthesiologist in the planning and carry-out of these plans. In this review, we discuss some of the basic definitions of sedation and anesthesia, requirements for safe sedation and anesthesia, and many of the germane risks and additional considerations that factor into the delivery of a safe sedation or anesthesia plan for the imaging of an infant or neonate.
On the Formation of Microstructure for Singularly Perturbed Problems with Two, Three, or Four Preferred Gradients
Authors: Ginster Janusz
Published: July 2024

In this manuscript, singularly perturbed energies with 2, 3, or 4 preferred gradients subject to incompatible Dirichlet boundary conditions are studied. This extends results on models for martensitic microstructures in shape memory alloys ($$N=2$$

N
=
2

), a continuum approximation for the $$J_1-J_3$$

J
1

-

J
3

-model for discrete spin systems ($$N=4$$

N
=
4

), and models for crystalline surfaces with N different facets (general N). On a unit square, scaling laws are proved with respect to two parameters, one measuring the transition cost between different preferred gradients and the other measuring the incompatibility of the set of preferred gradients and the boundary conditions. By a change of coordinates, the latter can also be understood as an incompatibility of a variable domain with a fixed set of preferred gradients. Moreover, it is shown how simple building blocks and covering arguments lead to upper bounds on the energy and solutions to the differential inclusion problem on general Lipschitz domains.
High throughput spatial immune mapping reveals an innate immune scar in post-COVID-19 brains
Authors: Schwabenland Marius , Hasavci Dilara , Frase Sibylle , Wolf Katharina , Deigendesch Nikolaus , Buescher Joerg M. , Mertz Kirsten D. , Ondruschka Benjamin , Altmeppen Hermann , Matschke Jakob , Glatzel Markus , Frank Stephan , Thimme Robert , Beck Juergen , Hosp Jonas A. , Blank Thomas , Bengsch Bertram , Prinz Marco
Published: July 2024

The underlying pathogenesis of neurological sequelae in post-COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Here, we used multidimensional spatial immune phenotyping and machine learning methods on brains from initial COVID-19 survivors to identify the biological correlate associated with previous SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with post-COVID-19 revealed a high percentage of TMEM119+P2RY12+CD68+Iba1+HLA-DR+CD11c+SCAMP2+ microglia assembled in prototypical cellular nodules. In contrast to acute SARS-CoV-2 cases, the frequency of CD8+ parenchymal T cells was reduced, suggesting an immune shift toward innate immune activation that may contribute to neurological alterations in post-COVID-19 patients.
Effect of facial and nasolabial asymmetry on perceived facial esthetics in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kauffmann Philipp , Kolle Johanna , Quast Anja , Wolfer Susanne , Schminke Boris , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Schliephake Henning
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to objectively assess the degree of residual facial asymmetry after primary treatment of non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in children and to correlate it with subjective ratings of facial appearance.

Materials and methods

Stereophotometry was used to record the faces of 89 children with UCLP for comparison of cleft and non-cleft sides up to 5 years after primary cleft closure. Root mean square values were calculated to measure the difference between the shape of cleft and non-cleft sides of the face and were compared to controls without a cleft lip. The Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index (AMAI) was used for subjective rating of the nasolabial area through 12 laypersons.

Results

Children with a cleft lip (CL) showed no significant difference in RMS values compared to controls. Significant differences occurred when the evaluation was limited to the nasolabial area, however only in patients with cleft lip alveolus (CLA) and cleft lip palate (CLAP)(p < 0.001). In contrast, subjective ratings showed significantly higher values for all three cleft severity groups (CL, CLA, CLAP) compared to controls (p < 0.001). There was a non-linear correlation between the RMS (root mean square) values and the AMAI score.

Conclusions

Even non-significant discrete objective deviations from facial symmetry in children after primary closure of UCLP are vigilantly registered in subjective ratings and implemented in the judgement of facial appearance.

Clinical relevance

3D stereophotometry is a usefull tool in monitoring asymmetry in patients with a cleft.
Cross-sectional Average Length of Life Entropy ($${\mathcal{H}}_{\text{CAL}}$$): International Comparisons and Decompositions
Authors: Su Wen , Canudas-Romo Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Keyfitz and Leser’s life table entropy was proposed to serve as a relative inequality in mortality measure. Entropy considers the variation around the age at death relative to the length of lifespan in a population, allowing comparisons across time and populations. It is used widely in period and cohort applications. Here, we propose extending this measure and present an index that incorporates the history of survival of all cohorts present at a given time, namely the cross-sectional average length of life entropy, or CAL-entropy (

$${\mathcal{H}}_{\text{CAL}}$$

H
CAL

). We decompose cross-population differences of CAL-entropy into the contribution of longevity and lifespan variation, and the change of those differences across time. Our illustrations show that populations are converging regarding lifespan inequality. Lifespan variation holds a noticeable share in the CAL-entropy gap among selected European populations. Longevity held once a pronounced share in CAL-entropy differences and their change, but its influence has receded over the years. The US demonstrates a unique trend where it performs worse across time compared to the selected European populations, and lifespan variation has played a major role in this process. This study signals the importance of lifespan variation in reducing inequality in mortality among developed and longevous populations.