bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unpredictable tunneling in a retarded bistable potential
Authors: López Álvaro G. , Valani Rahil N.
Published: April 2024

We have studied the rich dynamics of a damped particle inside an external double-well potential under the influence of state-dependent time-delayed feedback. In certain regions of the parameter space, we observe multistability with the existence of two different attractors (limit cycle or strange attractor) with well separated mean Lyapunov energies forming a two-level system. Bifurcation analysis reveals that, as the effects of the time-delay feedback are enhanced, chaotic transitions emerge between the two wells of the double-well potential for the attractor corresponding to the fundamental energy level. By computing the residence time distributions and the scaling laws near the onset of chaotic transitions, we rationalize this apparent tunneling-like effect in terms of the crisis-induced intermittency phenomenon. Further, we investigate the first passage times in this regime and observe the appearance of a Cantor-like fractal set in the initial history space, a characteristic feature of hyperbolic chaotic scattering. The non-integer value of the uncertainty dimension indicates that the residence time inside each well is unpredictable. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of this tunneling intermittency as a function of the memory parameter by calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent.
A generalized simplicial model and its application
Authors: Yang Rongmei , Zhou Fang , Liu Bo , Lü Linyuan
Published: April 2024

Higher-order structures, consisting of more than two individuals, provide a new perspective to reveal the missed non-trivial characteristics under pairwise networks. Prior works have researched various higher-order networks, but research for evaluating the effects of higher-order structures on network functions is still scarce. In this paper, we propose a framework to quantify the effects of higher-order structures (e.g., 2-simplex) and vital functions of complex networks by comparing the original network with its simplicial model. We provide a simplicial model that can regulate the quantity of 2-simplices and simultaneously fix the degree sequence. Although the algorithm is proposed to control the quantity of 2-simplices, results indicate it can also indirectly control simplexes more than 2-order. Experiments on spreading dynamics, pinning control, network robustness, and community detection have shown that regulating the quantity of 2-simplices changes network performance significantly. In conclusion, the proposed framework is a general and effective tool for linking higher-order structures with network functions. It can be regarded as a reference object in other applications and can deepen our understanding of the correlation between micro-level network structures and global network functions.
Radiation hardness of ultrabroadband spintronic terahertz emitters: En-route to a space-qualified terahertz time-domain gas spectrometer
Authors: Gueckstock O. , Stojanovic N. , Ha Y. , Hagelschuer T. , Denker A. , Kourkafas G. , Seifert T. S. , Kampfrath T. , Gensch M.
Published: April 2024

The radiation hardness of ultrabroadband spintronic terahertz emitters against γ and proton irradiation is investigated. We find that irradiation doses equivalent to those experienced by a space instrument en-route to and operated on Mars have a minor effect on the performance of the emitters. In particular, the ultrawide emission spectrum ranging from 0.1–30 THz, which covers a large part of the vibrational fingerprint region, remains unchanged. These results make this emitter type highly interesting as an essential building block for broadband gas sensors based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for future space missions.
Stabilization of hydrogen-bonded molecular chains by carbon nanotubes
Authors: Savin Alexander V. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: April 2024

We study numerically nonlinear dynamics of several types of molecular systems composed of hydrogen-bonded chains placed inside carbon nanotubes with open edges. We demonstrate that carbon nanotubes provide a stabilization mechanism for quasi-one-dimensional molecular chains via the formation of their secondary structures. In particular, a polypeptide chain (Gly)N placed inside a carbon nanotube can form a stable helical chain (310-, α-, π-, and β-helix) with parallel chains of hydrogen-bonded peptide groups. A chain of hydrogen fluoride molecules ⋯FH⋯FH⋯FH can form a hydrogen-bonded zigzag chain. Remarkably, we demonstrate that for molecular complexes (Gly)N∈CNT and (FH)N∈CNT, the hydrogen-bonded chains will remain stable even at T=500 K. Thus, our results suggest that the use of carbon nanotubes with encapsulated hydrogen fluoride molecules may be important for the realization of high proton conductivity at high temperatures.
Effect of initial droplet position on coalescence-induced jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with micropillar arrays
Authors: Hou Huimin , Wu Xiaomin , Hu Zhifeng , Gao Sihang , Yuan Zhiping
Published: April 2024

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping holds great potential for applications such as water harvesting, self-cleaning, and the thermal management of electronic devices. This study investigates the impact of the droplet's initial position on coalescence-induced jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with micropillar arrays. Numerical simulations are conducted to examine the differences in droplet jumping at various initial positions with uniform and nonuniform micropillar distributions, and the effects of the droplet's initial position on its velocity and pressure distribution are analyzed. The findings indicate that altering the initial position produces an asymmetric distribution of the high-pressure region at the droplet's base and the pressure at the solid–liquid contact surface during the contraction of the liquid bridge. This asymmetry allows the droplet to jump away from the surface with both vertical and horizontal components of velocity, and to be transported in the horizontal direction. Furthermore, numerical simulations with various initial droplet positions and radii demonstrate that the direction of the horizontal jumping velocity is influenced by both the offset distance and the direction of the initial droplet position, and that the impact of the initial position decreases as the relative size of the droplet with respect to the micropillars increases. The droplet jumping velocity, direction, and horizontal transport distance can be controlled by adjusting the initial droplet position and size. This work reveals the mechanism of coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with micropillar arrays and provides an important reference for practical applications.
Experimental study on hemodynamics of an end-to-side anastomosis
Authors: Xu Ke-Wei , Lu Xintao , Gao Qi , Wan Min , Zhang Ke
Published: April 2024

A three-dimensional and three-component velocity measurement on the flow field in a 45° end-to-side anastomosis model is conducted to investigate the hemodynamics, which is an important factor to the intimal hyperplasia formation and graft failure after surgery. Thanks to the advanced volumetric measurement technology of tomographic particle image velocimetry, the recirculation zone, low-speed region, and the spiral flow structures can be visualized. As a result, the flow field of three cases with the local maximum velocity of 0.15, 0.8, and 1.4 m/s are visible and the inlet velocity profile tends to be skewed as the flow rate increases. The mean vorticity contours indicate that the positive vortex center rotates 6.47°, 50.23°, and 90.4° and the negative vortex center rotates 20.44°, 15.73°, and 68.47°, respectively, in three cases. The instantaneous vortex structures identified by the λci criterion demonstrate two large-scale vortex structures in the distal section. The two vortices have the tendency to intertwine while one of them decays earlier. The wall shear stress (WSS) distributions on the entire model with the local maximum of 0.8, 5.8, and 13.8 Pa in three cases have been quantitatively achieved. The abnormal WSS and WSS gradient can help localize risk areas and understand the intimal hyperplasia formation. A detailed illustration of hemodynamics inside the 45° end-to-side anastomosis model has been provided, which demonstrates more comprehensive large-scale flow structures and abnormal WSS regions. Combined with the information of flow structures and WSS distribution, the understanding of the hemodynamics in the anastomosis can be strengthened.
Health systems model for chronic disease secondary prevention in rural and remote areas – Chronic disease: Road to health
Authors: Field Pat , Franklin Richard C. , Barker Ruth , Ring Ian , Leggat Peter
Published: April 2024

Objectives Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) provides evidence-based secondary prevention for people with heart disease (HD) (clients). Despite HD being the leading cause of mortality and morbidity, CR is under-utilised in Australia. This research investigated healthcare systems required to improve access to CR in rural and remote areas of North Queensland (NQ). Methods A qualitatively dominant case study series to review management systems for CR in rural and remote areas of NQ was undertaken. Data collection was via semi-structured interviews in four tertiary hospitals and four rural or remote communities. An audit of discharge planning and CR referral, plus a review of community-based health services, was completed. An iterative and co-design process including consultation with healthcare staff and community members culminated in a systems-based model for improving access to CR in rural and remote areas. Results Poorly organised CR systems, poor client/staff understanding of discharge planning and low referral rates for secondary prevention, resulted in the majority of clients not accessing secondary prevention, despite resources being available. Revised health systems and management processes were recommended for the proposed Heart: Road to health model, and given common chronic diseases risk factors it was recommended to be broadened into Chronic disease: Road to health. Conclusion A Chronic disease: Road to health model could provide effective and efficient secondary prevention for people with chronic diseases in rural and remote areas. It is proposed that this approach could reduce gaps and duplication in current healthcare services and provide flexible, client-centred, holistic, culturally responsive services, and improve client outcomes.
Using molecular and morphometric data as operational criteria for the analysis of a threatened rainforest species complex shows interspecific variation, with implications for cryptic-species delimitation and conservation
Authors: Brunton Aaron J. , Forster Paul I. , Ogbourne Steven M. , Rossetto Maurizio , Schoeman David S. , Conroy Gabriel C.
Published: April 2024

Resolution of systematic associations and species boundaries is vital for developing conservation priorities for threatened taxa. A complex of Fontainea (Euphorbiaceae) populations, endemic to rainforest communities in central-eastern Australia, comprises several taxonomically challenging species. Fontainea oraria is Critically Endangered, with only one natural population of 10 mature individuals, with the closely related species F. australis being listed as Vulnerable. A recently discovered Fontainea population (currently nominated as F. sp. Coffs Harbour) with taxonomic similarities to F. oraria has been provisionally listed as Critically Endangered, with fewer than 40 individuals. This study employed an integrative approach, combining genetic data and morphometrics to determine species boundaries for three threatened Fontainea population groups as a model system for an integrative approach to delimiting cryptic species. Although our results suggest the potential subdivision of the population groups into three taxa, caution is warranted because this hypothesis remains inconclusive. Taxonomic challenges demand a careful approach, acknowledging the possibility of alternative interpretations. Contrary to supporting distinct species, our morphological and genetic data may also be interpreted as indicative of a single species with geographic variation, a phenomenon observed in genetically linked populations experiencing isolation by distance. Overall, we highlight the need for further research to establish species limits to guide conservation actions.
Exotic self-assembly of hard spheres in a morphometric solvent
Authors: Spirandelli Ivan , Coles Rhoslyn , Friesecke Gero , Evans Myfanwy E.
Published: April 2024

The self-assembly of spheres into geometric structures, under various theoretical conditions, offers valuable insights into complex self-assembly processes in soft systems. Previous studies have utilized pair potentials between spheres to assemble maximum contact clusters in simulations and experiments. The morphometric approach to solvation free energy that we utilize here goes beyond pair potentials; it is a geometry-based theory that incorporates a weighted combination of geometric measures over the solvent accessible surface for solute configurations in a solvent. In this paper, we demonstrate that employing the morphometric model of solvation free energy in simulating the self-assembly of sphere clusters results, under most conditions, in the previously observed maximum contact clusters. Under other conditions, it unveils an assortment of extraordinary sphere configurations, such as double helices and rhombohedra. These exotic structures arise specifically under conditions where the interactions take multibody potentials into account. This investigation establishes a foundation for comprehending the diverse range of geometric forms in self-assembled structures, emphasizing the significance of the morphometric approach in this context.
Exploring ethical dilemmas encountered by public service interpreters and their effect on job
satisfaction
Authors: Leminen Anni-Kaisa , Hokkanen Sari
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate the stressors that affect interpreters working in public service interpreting (PSI)
in Finland and the ethical dilemmas these stressors indicate. Our data derives from a survey carried out among public service
interpreters in Finland in 2018. We identified three categories of stressors: content-related stressors, interactional stressors,
and stressors related to the organisation of the work. Through these, we identified six ethical dilemmas. Our analysis indicates
that, to solve ethical dilemmas in a sound manner, interpreters have to exercise agency in addition to being familiar with
professional codes of conduct. Furthermore, many ethical dilemmas interpreters face are emotionally challenging and therefore also
require affective labour. Unfortunately, interpreters often seem to be left to their own devices in dealing with emotionally
challenging situations. This study calls for increased professional support for interpreters and further research on the link
between ethical dilemmas and job satisfaction.
Generalized K-essence inflation in Jordan and Einstein frames
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Mengoni Tommaso
Published: April 2024

We here explore a generalized K-essence model which exhibits characteristics akin to ordinary matter. The inflationary framework proposed aims to unify old with chaotic inflation into a single scheme and it considers minimally and non-minimally coupled scenarios, adopting three classes of potentials, in both Jordan and Einstein frames. We show that, to obtain a suitable amount of particles obtained from vacuum energy conversion during inflation, mitigating the classical cosmological constant problem, large-field inflation and, particularly, the Starobinsky-like class of solutions appears the most suitable one.
High-rate etching of silicon oxide and nitride using narrow-gap high-pressure (3.3 kPa) hydrogen plasma
Authors: Nomura Toshimitsu , Kakiuchi Hiroaki , Ohmi Hiromasa
Published: April 2024

We investigated the etching behavior of silicon oxide (SiO
x
) and silicon nitride (SiN
x
) in narrow-gap, high-pressure (3.3 kPa) hydrogen (H2) plasma under various etching conditions. Maximum etching rates of 940 and 240 nm min−1 for SiO
x
and SiN
x
, respectively, were obtained by optimizing the H2 gas flow rate. The dependence of the etching rate on gas flow rate implied that effective elimination of etching products is important for achieving high etching rates because it prevents redeposition. The sample surfaces, especially the oxide surfaces, were roughened and contained numerous asperities after etching. Etching rates of both SiO
x
and SiN
x
decreased as the temperature was raised. This suggests that atomic H adsorption, rather than H-ion bombardment, is an important step in the etching process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the etched nitride surface was enriched in silicon (Si), suggesting that the rate-limiting process in high-pressure H2 plasma etching is Si etching rather than nitrogen abstraction. The etching rate of SiO
x
was three times higher than that of SiN
x
despite the higher stability of Si–O bonds than Si–N ones. One reason for the etching difference may be the difference between the bond densities of SiO
x
and SiN
x
. This study presents a relatively non-toxic, low-cost, and eco-friendly dry etching process for Si-based dielectrics using only H2 gas in comparison with the conventional F-based plasma etching methods.
Ordering kinetics and steady states of XY-model with ferromagnetic and nematic interaction
Authors: Mondal Partha Sarathi , Mishra Pawan Kumar , Mishra Shradha
Published: April 2024

Previous studies on the generalized XY model have concentrated on the equilibrium phase diagram and the equilibrium nature of distinct phases under varying parameter conditions. We direct our attention towards examining the system’s evolution towards equilibrium states across different parameter values, specifically by varying the relative strengths of ferromagnetic and nematic interactions. We study the kinetics of the system, using the temporal annihilation of defects at varying temperatures and its impact on the coarsening behavior of the system. For both pure polar and pure nematic systems, we observe temperature-dependent decay of the exponent, leading to a decelerated growth of domains within the system. At parameter values where both ferromagnetic and nematic interactions are simultaneously present, we show a phase diagram highlighting three low-temperature phases—polar, nematic, and coexistence—along- side a high-temperature disordered phase. Our study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of interactions, offering a comprehensive understanding of the system’s behavior during its evolution towards equilibrium.
Lattice dynamics and self-trapped excitons in the Cs2SnBr6 double perovskites
Authors: Hoang Manh Ha , Le Duy Manh , Le Anh Thi , Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Do T Anh Thu , Ho Truong Giang , Man Minh Tan
Published: April 2024

Our study delved into the detailed investigation of Cs2SnBr6 double perovskites, focusing on their electrical properties, lattice dynamics, and stability. The direct bandgap for Cs2SnBr6 was estimated to be at 2.93 eV. One external translational mode of the Cs+ lattice with T
2g symmetry and three internal modes of the octahedral with A
1g, E
g, and T
2g symmetries are defined by calculated lattice dynamics, experimental micro-Raman scattering. We show a correlation with first-principles calculations, validating using a band-structured electronic approach to understanding the behavior of charge carriers, and electron–phonon interactions in Cs2SnBr6. We propose that electron-vibration interactions result in self-trapped excitons (STEs) displaying significant Stokes shifts (0.508 eV) and broad-spectrum emission. Understanding the behavior of STEs is fundamental for their optoelectronic applications.
On the errors and their mitigation in planar laser induced fluorescence
Authors: Cholemari Murali R , Vishnubhatla Sri Hari , Krishnan Adhitya
Published: April 2024

In planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), scalar concentration fields are obtained from fluorescence images of the flow where the scalar is ‘tagged’ with a suitable fluorescent dye and illuminated with a laser sheet. While the fluorescence occurs, the intensity of the laser sheet is attenuated along its passage through the dye field. This paper discusses the effect of correcting for the attenuation of the laser by the dye while obtaining the scalar concentration field from the fluorescent images of the flow. If the attenuation correction cannot be done, the paper discusses three possible calibration scenarios to minimise the error. It is shown that the error in ignoring the attenuation due to turbulent concentration fluctuations cannot be corrected by any means. However, the remaining error can be exactly corrected if it were possible to calibrate with the mean concentration field. It is shown that a uniform concentration field, centred around the mean field, greatly reduces the error when compared to having no attenuation correction but still is significantly more when compared to the use of the average field. Relying on these results, we propose an iterative technique which ideally achieves the accuracy obtainable when calibrating with the mean concentration field, but which requires no reference cell. In addition, the paper explores the removal striations, of a common artefact during PLIF image acquisition with origins in the image optics. A technique to remove the same is proposed and its advantages discussed when compared to available techniques.
Self-assembled peptide nanotubes (SPNTs)/SnO2 nanocomposites for high-performance NO2 sensing at room temperature
Authors: Li Yang , Li Lili , Ying Zhihua , Wu Wei , Wang Gaofeng , Zhang Ranran
Published: April 2024

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a major pollutant that poses significant risks to sustainable human life. As a result, a growing focus has been placed on the development of highly selective and sensitive gas sensors for NO2. Traditional cutting-edge non-organic NO2 gas detectors often necessitate stringent production conditions and potentially harmful materials, which are not environmentally friendly, and these shortcomings have limited their widespread practical use. To overcome these challenges, we synthesized self-assembled peptide nanotubes (SPNTs) through a molecular self-assembly process. The SPNTs were then combined with SnO2 in varying proportions to construct NO2 gas sensors. The design of this sensor ensured efficient electron transfer and leverage the extensive surface area of the SPNTs for enhanced gas adsorption and the effective dispersion of SnO2 nanoparticles. Notably, the performance of the sensor, including its sensitivity, response time, and recovery rate, along with a lower detection threshold, could be finely tuned by varying the SPNTs content. This approach illustrated the potential of bioinspired methodologies, using peptide self-assemblies, to develop integrated sensors for pollutant detection, providing a significant development in environmentally conscious sensor technology.
Influence of the magnetic configuration on the high-field side scrape-off layer at ASDEX Upgrade and the role of the secondary separatrix
Authors: Hachmeister D , Silva C , Santos J , Conway G D , Gil L , Silva A , Stroth U , Vicente J , Wolfrum E , McDermott R M , Dux R , Brida D , Fischer R , Kurzan B ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: April 2024

In tokamaks, radial transport is ballooning, meaning it is enhanced at the low-field side (LFS). This work investigates the effect of the magnetic configuration on the high-field side (HFS) scrape-off layer. Our experiments involved L-mode and H-mode discharges at ASDEX Upgrade, in which we scanned the magnetic configuration from a lower to an upper single-null shape, thus varying the location of the secondary separatrix. We show that the secondary separatrix determines the width of the HFS scrape-off layer, meaning that the density is much lower in the region that is magnetically disconnected from the LFS scrape-off layer, outside the secondary separatrix. Furthermore, we observe that the large density often seen in the HFS divertor drastically decreases as the separation between the primary and secondary separatrices falls below a particular value. This value is different for L-mode and H-mode plasmas and closely matches the power decay length measured at the LFS midplane. We also show how the HFS scrape-off layer density is smaller in an upper single-null than in a lower single-null, when the ionic grad-B drift points down. This difference is likely caused by reversing the

E

×

B

drifts in the active divertor when switching the active X-point from the bottom to the top. We further observe that the neutral density in the lower divertor also correlates with the plasma shape and the high-density region in the HFS scrape-off layer. During the shape scans analyzed here, the HFS divertor remained partially detached throughout, with transitory reattachment modulated by ELM activity in H-mode. This work provides novel experimental data that can be leveraged to further the modeling capabilities and understanding of scrape-off layer physics in highly shaped plasmas.
Impact of increasing plasma-wall gap on plasma response to RMP fields in ITER
Authors: Bai X , Loarte A , Liu Y Q , Pinches S D , Koechl F , Li L , Dubrov M , Gribov Y
Published: April 2024

The impact of increasing plasma-wall gap on controlling edge-localized modes (ELMs) is numerically evaluated for the ITER 5 MA/2.65 T H-mode scenarios with full tungsten wall, based on the MARS-F computed plasma response to the applied n= 3–5 (n is the toroidal mode number) resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) fields. Three new scenarios, referred to as standard, clearance and outergap, are considered assuming different plasma-wall gap sizes over a range on which vertically stability can be maintained by in-vessel coils in ITER. The latter are shown to have both direct and indirect effects on the plasma response and hence ELM control in ITER. The indirect and also primary influence occurs via change of the equilibrium edge safety factor q95
, which decreases with increasing the plasma-wall gap (at fixed plasma current and toroidal field), leading to a multi-peaking structure in the plasma response as measured by the plasma displacement near the X-point or the edge-localized resonant radial magnetic field perturbation. The direct, albeit secondary effect, is the reduction of local peak amplitudes with increasing the plasma-wall gap thus weakening the RMP field efficiency for ELM control with a given current in the control coils. A slight reduction of the plasma current, from 5 MA to 4.77, 4.92 and 4.65 MA for the standard, clearance and outergap scenarios, respectively, is found to be sufficient to access the q
95 window for the best ELM control with the n= 3 RMP. The n= 4 coil current configuration with the n= 5 sideband is also found favorable for ELM control in ITER, by producing RMP fields with mixed toroidal spectra compared to n = 3.
Three-electrode surface dielectric barrier discharge driven by repetitive pulses: streamer dynamic evolution and discharge mode transition
Authors: Peng Bangfa , Jiang Nan , Zhu Yifei , Li Jie , Wu Yan
Published: April 2024

The streamer dynamic evolution and discharge mode transition of a three-electrode surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) driven by repetitive pulses are studied experimentally and numerically for better plasma-mode control and optimized application. Spatial-temporal plasma morphologic features together with electro-optical behavior are utilized to analyze the streamer dynamic evolution and streamer-to-spark transition. To gain a deep insight into the physical mechanism of the discharge mode transition in repetitive pulses, a 2D fluid model combined with a 0D kinetic model is built and studied. A good agreement between the experimental measurements and numerical simulation in the propagation dynamics and voltage–current characteristics is achieved. The results show that the surface-streamer discharge in the form of primary and transitional streamers can transform into a surface-spark discharge characterized by the primary streamer, transitional streamer and spark phase in repetitive pulses under the high applied electric field. A high gas temperature will result in a large reduced electric field after the transitional streamer, which exceeds the ionization threshold and thus promotes the discharge mode transition. A high number of electrons can be released from the negative charges by oxygen atoms during the inter-pulse period, which is favorable for the re-ignition and ionization process of the subsequent pulse discharge.
Bilateral fault-tolerant qudit teleportation in multi-hop quantum networks
Authors: Li Zongyi , Wei Yuzhen , Xue Shibei , Jiang Min , Li Yongcheng
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present one general fault-tolerant multi-hop teleportation scheme for arbitrary unknown qudit system, exploring a strategy for distilling high-dimensional EPR pairs within the operational errors channel, where the introduced auxiliary pairs don’t have to be in high-fidelity. These errors can be detectable and traceable in quantum networks, promising that the accumulation of the operational errors can be rectified by the final receiver during the teleportation, avoiding the error correction implemented by the intermediate nodes. Moreover, we extend the strategy to the non-maximally entangled EPR channels. In the end, we discuss the potential strategy to improve our scheme including eliminating the encoding step for the error correction codes. Even through the operational errors may occur at the repeater nodes, the performance analysis demonstrates that the scheme significantly preserves the valuable entangled resources and reduces the operational complexity, illustrating the robustness to against the operational errors in repeater nodes.
Holographic encryption algorithm based on the new integrated chaotic system and chaotic mask
Authors: Liang Zhenhui , Chen Li , Chen Kai , Liang Zheng , Zhu Jiawei , Wen Kunhua , Hu Yihua
Published: April 2024

Image encryption algorithms based on chaos theory have rapidly developed in recent years, with many achieving encryption by confusion-diffusion structures. However, the security performance of these algorithms needs to be improved. This paper proposes a holographic encryption algorithm based on the new integrated chaotic system and chaotic mask. The improved Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm transforms plaintext images into pure-phase holograms. The chaotic masks generated by the new integrated chaotic system decompose holograms into sub-images. The sub-images are pixel-wise heterogeneous operations and are finally merged into the complete encrypted image. Compared with one-dimensional chaotic mapping, the generation of NICS is related to kinoform, which enhances the system’s key sensitivity. The chaotic mask chunking method can generate random chunk locations and sizes, effectively preventing attacks against specific chunking rules. The performance analysis shows that the algorithm has a higher key space and security to resist stronger robustness attacks.
WENO schemes using optimized third order fuzzy weight limiter functions
Authors: Mishra Prabhat , Dubey Ritesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

This work presents an improved version of non-linear weight limiters to obtain third order non-oscillatory WENO scheme. The construction of this modified weight limiter is based on fuzzy inference system, which is a knowledge based rule system. The linear combination of overlapped basis functions is used to achieve the optimized weight limiters by exploring the linguistics hedges operator on the basis functions. The WENO scheme using optimized weight limiter achieves third order of accuracy and gives higher resolution to discontinuities compared to other established third order WENO schemes.
Mathematical analysis of the structure of one-heptagonal carbon nanocone in terms of its basis and dimension
Authors: Al-Qudah Yousef , Jaradat Ali , Sharma Sunny Kumar , Bhat Vijay Kumar
Published: April 2024

For an undirected connected graph G = G(V, E) with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), a subset R of V is said to be a resolving in G, if each pair of vertices (say a and b; a ≠ b) in G satisfy the relation d(a, k) ≠ d(b, k), for at least one member k in R. The minimum set R with this resolving property is said to be a metric basis for G, and the cardinality of such set R, is referred to as the metric dimension of G, denoted by dim

v
(G). In this manuscript, we consider a complex molecular graph of one-heptagonal carbon nanocone (represented by HCN

s
) and investigate its metric basis as well as metric dimension. We prove that just three specifically chosen vertices are enough to resolve the molecular graph of HCN

s
. Moreover, several theoretical as well as applicative properties including comparison have also been incorporated.
Observational bounds on extended minimal theories of massive gravity: new limits on the graviton mass
Authors: Felice Antonio De , Kumar Suresh , Mukohyama Shinji , Nunes Rafael C.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we derive for the first time observational constraints on the extended Minimal Theory of Massive Gravity (eMTMG) framework in light of Planck-CMB data, geometrical measurements from Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO), Type Ia supernovae from the recent Pantheon+ samples, and also using the auto and cross-correlations cosmic shear measurements from KIDS-1000 survey. Given the great freedom of dynamics choice for the theory, we consider an observationally motivated subclass in which the background evolution of the Universe goes through a transition from a (positive or negative) value of the effective cosmological constant to another value. From the statistical point of view, we did not find evidence of such a transition, i.e. deviation from the standard ΛCDM behavior, and from the joint analysis using Planck + BAO + Pantheon+ data, we constrain the graviton mass to < 6.6 × 10-34 eV at 95% CL. We use KIDS-1000 survey data to constrain the evolution of the scalar perturbations of the model and its limits for the growth of structure predicted by the eMTMG scenario. In this case, we find small evidence at 95% CL for a non-zero graviton mass. We interpret and discuss these results in light of the current tension on the S
8 parameter. We conclude that, within the subclass considered, the current data are only able to impose upper bounds on the eMTMG dynamics. Given its potentialities beyond the subclass, eMTMG can be classified as a good candidate for modified gravity, serving as a framework in which observational data can effectively constrain (or confirm) the graviton mass and deviations from the standard ΛCDM behavior.
Backreaction of axion-SU(2) dynamics during inflation
Authors: Iarygina Oksana , Sfakianakis Evangelos I. , Sharma Ramkishor , Brandenburg Axel
Published: April 2024

We consider the effects of backreaction on axion-SU(2) dynamics during inflation. We use
the linear evolution equations for the gauge field modes and compute their backreaction on the
background quantities numerically using the Hartree approximation. We show that the spectator
chromo-natural inflation attractor is unstable when back-reaction becomes important. Working
within the constraints of the linear mode equations, we find a new dynamical attractor solution
for the axion field and the vacuum expectation value of the gauge field, where the latter has an
opposite sign with respect to the chromo-natural inflation solution. Our findings are of
particular interest to the phenomenology of axion-SU(2) inflation, as they demonstrate the
instability of the usual trajectory due to large backreaction effects. The viable parameter space
of the model becomes significantly altered, provided future non-Abelian lattice simulations
confirm the existence of the new dynamical attractor. In addition, the backreaction effects lead
to characteristic oscillatory features in the primordial gravitational wave background that are
potentially detectable with upcoming gravitational wave detectors.
Optimal map-making with singularities
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Wu Yiwen , Liu Yang , Li Siyu , Li Hong , Liu Hao
Published: April 2024

In this work, we investigate the optimal map-making technique for the
linear system d = Ax + n while carefully taking into
account singularities that may come from either the covariance matrix
C = ⟨nn

t
⟩ or the main matrix A. We first
describe the general optimal solution, which is quite complex, and then
use the modified pseudo inverse to create a near-optimal solution,
which is simple, robust, and can significantly alleviate the unwanted
noise amplification during map-making. The effectiveness of the nearly
optimal solution is then compared to that of the naive co-adding
solution and the standard pseudo inverse solution, showing noticeable
improvements. Interestingly, all one needs to get the near-optimal
solution with singularity is just a tiny change to the classical
solution, which is designed for the case without singularity.
Quantum nonlocality without entanglement in a 2n-partite system
Authors: Dong Meng-Ya , Zhang Su-Juan , Bai Chen-Ming , Liu Lu
Published: April 2024

In recent years, researchers focused their attention on the construction of nonlocal product states in multipartite quantum systems. This paper proposes a novel partitioning method for multipartite quantum systems, aiming to improve the operation efficiency. Firstly, we divide 2n subsystems into n parts two by two and implement orthogonality-preserving local measurement on the partitioned composite systems. Subsequently, based on the partitioning mode, nonlocal orthogonal product states in

(

C

3

)

⊗
6

and

(

C

4

)

⊗
6

are given. Finally, we construct nonlocal orthogonal product states in

(

C

d

)

⊗
2
n

and discuss the cases where d is odd and even. Our results demonstrate the phenomenon of nonlocality without entanglement in a 2n-partite system.
Analysis and design of fast flow liquid Li divertor for fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF) using coupled plasma boundary and LM MHD/heat transfer codes
*
Authors: Islam M.S. , Lore J.D. , Smolentsev S. , Kessel C.E. , Maingi R.
Published: April 2024

The SOLPS-ITER code is utilized to analyze the boundary plasma associated with a fast-flow lithium (Li) divertor configuration in the fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF) tokamak and identify operational regimes with acceptable divertor and core conditions. Plasma transport from the SOLPS-ITER code has been coupled with a liquid metal (LM) MHD/heat transfer code to model a Li open-surface divertor design and assess its impact on the scrape-off-layer (SOL) and core plasma performance. Simulations with only Neon (Ne) impurity seeding have been conducted to evaluate its impact on meeting FNSF design demands for the divertor and upstream plasma parameters. Simulation results indicate that Ne seeding significantly mitigates divertor heat flux but potentially reduces both upstream electron and main ion density due to fuel dilution. The combined application of Ne seeding and deuterium (D2) puffing is required to satisfy the FNSF design requirements on upstream density (

n

e
,
sep

OMP

∼1× 1020 m−3) and divertor energy flux (

q

⊥
,
max

Odiv

<

10 MW m−2). D2 puffing plays a role in counteracting upstream density drops and augmenting energy and momentum losses through atomic and molecular processes.

The inlet Li flow velocity is systematically varied across a wide range to identify acceptable flows and corresponding LM surface temperatures. This comprehensive analysis identifies the acceptable Li flow parameters, LM surface temperature, and emitted Li fluxes necessary to meet the major design constraints. The emitted Li fluxes exhibit minimal impact on the main plasma at surface temperatures up to approximately ∼525 ∘C, corresponding emitted Li fluxes of up to φ
Li ∼2

×

10

23

atoms s−1. Uncertainties in the Li emission processes from the surface are also investigated, primarily influencing Li loss in the lower surface temperature range (

<

525

∘

C), with simulation results indicating a minor impact on the divertor and upstream plasma. Conversely, evaporation predominantly drives the Li loss processes at higher surface temperature ranges (

>

525

∘

C), contaminating both the divertor and upstream plasma.
Aerodynamic design optimization of locally built FSR Isuzu bus through numerical simulation
Authors: Kahsay Yirga Kiros , Zeleke Dinku Seyoum
Published: April 2024

Reducing the fuel consumption of commercial vehicles—especially those used for public transportation—has become increasingly important due to advancements in the automotive industry. On the other hand, the main disadvantages of buses and other commercial vehicles are their fuel consumption, exhaust pollutants, and crosswind stability. Most buses built in Ethiopia have aerodynamic rectangular shapes and strong drag resistance forces, which lead to higher fuel consumption. One of the most accessible buses in Ethiopia is the FSR Isuzu Bus; its external body is locally constructed and has a poor aerodynamic shape. The primary goal of this study is to reduce aerodynamic drag force by improving the outer body shape of the current FSR Isuzu Bus. It also aims to examine the impact of roughness (strip) on the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the bus when it encounters crosswinds, thereby reducing fuel consumption, roll moment, and side force. For computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, ANSYS Fluent is used, and Solidwork is used to model the bus body. A comparison is made between the current CFD analysis of the bus body and the modified design at varying speeds. Three separate models are used in the analysis. At an average speed of 100 kmph, 29.58% (4 to 5 liters) of fuel can be saved, and the drag force is reduced by roughly 49.7% when comparing the new concept to the current bus. By utilizing a strip on the bus’s roof, the side force coefficient and the roll moment coefficient are subsequently reduced from model two to model three by 8.76% and 9.01%, respectively. The study’s conclusions indicate that the external body shape changes have reduced drag; and, adding roof strips has decreased drag to acceptable level and enhanced crosswind stability.
Partner Satisfaction in Labiaplasty Patients
Authors: Bestel Melih , Ucar Elif , Dogan Ozan
Published: April 2024

Background

Labiaplasty, which has become increasingly popular in recent years, is chosen by women for both cosmetic and functional reasons. It creates significant changes in female sexuality, resulting in high satisfaction rates, but there are limited data on its effects on male sexual response.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of labiaplasty on partners.

Methods

The partners of 49 patients who underwent labiaplasty between January 2020 and May 2023 were included in the study. Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD), Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and New Sexual Satisfaction Scale questionnaires were administered to the partners preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative responses to the MSHQ-EjD questionnaire. The postoperative increase in the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale compared with the preoperative score was statistically significant. Statistically significant positive changes were observed postoperatively in the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale categories of intercourse frequency, communication, satisfaction, and nature of sexual intercourse.

Conclusions

Labiaplasty operation had positive effects on male sexual response but had no effect on ejaculation function and difficulty.

Level of Evidence: 3
Exact selective inference with randomization
Authors: Panigrahi Snigdha , Fry Kevin , Taylor Jonathan
Published: April 2024

We introduce a pivot for exact selective inference with randomization. Not only does our pivot lead to exact inference in Gaussian regression models, but it is also available in closed form. We reduce this problem to inference for a bivariate truncated Gaussian variable. By doing so, we give up some power that is achieved with approximate maximum likelihood estimation in Panigrahi & Taylor (2023). Yet our pivot always produces narrower confidence intervals than a closely related data-splitting procedure. We investigate the trade-off between power and exact selective inference on simulated datasets and an HIV drug resistance dataset.
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals subclinical alterations in muscles of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nava Simone , Conte Giorgio , Triulzi Fabio M , Comi Giacomo P , Magri Francesca , Velardo Daniele , Cinnante Claudia M
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a relatively less investigated neuromuscular disease, partially overlapping the phenotype of Duchenne dystrophy (DMD). Physiopathological and anatomical patterns are still not comprehensively known, despite recent effort in the search of early biomarkers. Aim of this study was to selectively compare normal appearing muscles of BMD with healthy controls.

Methods

Among a pool of 40 BMD patients and 20 healthy controls, Sartorius and gracilis muscles were selected on the basis of a blinded clinical quantitative/qualitative evaluation, if classified as normal (0 or 1 on Mercuri scale) and subsequently segmented on diffusion tensor MRI scans with a tractographic approach. Diffusion derived parameters were extracted.

Results

Non-parametric testing revealed significant differences between normal and normal appearing BMD derived parameters in both muscles, the difference being more evident in sartorius. Bonferroni-corrected P-values (<.05) of Mann-Whitney test could discriminate between BMD and controls for standard deviation of all diffusion parameters (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivity) in both sartorius and gracilis, while in sartorius the significant difference was found also in the average values of the same parameters (with exception of RD).

Conclusions

This method could identify microstructural alterations in BMD normal appearing sartorius and gracilis.

Advances in knowledge

Diffusion based MRI could be able to identify possible early or subclinical microstructural alterations in dystrophic patients with BMD.
How New Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests Will Affect Infectious Diseases Clinical Practice
Authors: Wolfe Kaleb H , Pierce Virginia M , Humphries Romney M
Published: April 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) affects 2.8 million Americans annually. AMR is identified through antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), but current and proposed regulatory policies from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) jeopardize the future availability of AST for many microorganisms. Devices that perform AST must be cleared by the FDA using their susceptibility test interpretive criteria, also known as breakpoints. The FDA list of breakpoints is relatively short. Today, laboratories supplement FDA breakpoints using breakpoints published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, using legacy devices and laboratory-developed tests (LDTs). FDA proposes to regulate LDTs, and with no FDA breakpoints for many drug–bug combinations, the risk is loss of AST for key clinical indications and stifling innovation in technology development. Effective solutions require collaboration between manufacturers, infectious diseases clinicians, pharmacists, laboratories, and the FDA.