bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling of Trust in Automation in Human-Autonomy Teaming
Authors: Landfair Jayci , Nguyen Tri , Magaldino Corey , Amazeen Polemnia G. , Huang Lixiao , Demir Mustafa
Published: October 2022

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between humans and automation becomes increasingly important as the reliance of humans upon automation becomes more commonplace. We present a literature review of key factors—categorized as effects from automation, operator, and the environment—that influence trust in or reliance upon automation. Those factors are treated as parameters in a dynamical systems analysis (DSA) model whose manipulation induces phase transitions in the decision to use automation. A review of the most recent dynamical models indicates a trend toward including increasingly more parameters in increasingly sophisticated models. We review the challenges inherent in that approach and suggest an alternative with precedence in the broader DSA literature that is more parsimonious and amenable to real-time analysis.
Convergent Usability Evaluation of the HFES Website
Authors: Schotz Jordan , Ford Steven , Gruber Mira , Schmidt Kristen , Soares Shayna , Mouloua Mustapha
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this usability analysis was to utilize convergent methods to evaluate the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) website and provide recommendations to improve user experience. Three methods were utilized including the Mouloua and Alberti Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and Net Promoter Score (NPS). An in-depth heuristic analysis using Nielsen's 10 Usability Heuristics was conducted in concordance with the previous scales to provide specific implementation recommendations for improving user experience. Our findings suggest that implementing convergent methods leads to robust knowledge about the user experience of a digital product. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed, alongside recommendations for design improvements, and directions for future research are presented.
“Paying with my face” – Understanding users’ adoption and privacy concerns of facial recognition payment
Authors: Liao Mengqi , Agnihotri Devanshi , Zhong Xinliang
Published: October 2022

Facial recognition payment (FRP) is a widely adopted technology in countries outside of the United States (US), particularly in east Asian countries. However, FRP is still not widely accepted and implemented within the US, partly due to users' privacy concerns of FRP. In our survey study of 164 US participants, we adopted the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the relationship between users' privacy concerns, power usage, attitudes, and their intentions of adopting FRP. Our findings showed significant relationships among these assessed variables and indicated that privacy concerns was indeed an important factor in predicting individuals' intentions of adopting FRP, but power users might become early adopters that could spearhead widespread acceptance of FRP within the US due to their lessened privacy concerns.
How Well Do Privacy-Protective Behaviours Age? The Prevalence of Privacy Heuristics Among Older Adults
Authors: Iglar Alyssa , Chignell Mark
Published: October 2022

Digital technology adoption and engagement is increasing amongst older adults, prompting concerns regarding their privacy-related behaviour while engaging with these technologies. The use of cognitive biases and heuristics may help explain why older adults, and some younger people as well, make decisions that compromise their privacy in digital contexts. A literature review was carried out to assess the use of cognitive biases and heuristics by older adults when deciding whether to adopt, and while using, digital technologies. Tools are needed that guide users away from mental shortcuts such as hyperbolic discounting, anchoring, and shortcut decisions based on trust and that promote privacy protection. In addition to reviewing current literature on the use of privacy-related biases and heuristics amongst older adults, we also present possible future research directions on this topic.
Opportunity Cost of Action Bias in Cybersecurity Incident Response
Authors: Dykstra Josiah , Shortridge Kelly , Met Jamie , Hough Douglas
Published: October 2022

The hours and days immediately following the discovery of a cyber intrusion can be stressful and chaotic for victims. Without a documented and well-rehearsed incident response plan, people are prone to costly fear-based reactions. Action bias is the human tendency to favor action over inaction. It feels better for victims to do something even if rushed decisions are suboptimal to thoughtful, careful alternatives. Furthermore, the null baseline of doing nothing or watchful waiting can sometimes be advantageous. This paper describes an application of opportunity cost to action bias. While these insights are not yet backed by empirical data, this is the first work to examine the intersection of opportunity cost with action bias in cybersecurity incident response. Using Sony Pictures Entertainment as a case study, we discuss the implications of opportunity costs from acting prematurely and, conversely, the opportunity costs of waiting to act.
A computer vision-based lifting task recognition method
Authors: Jung SeHee , Su Bingyi , Wang Hanwen , Lu Lu , Xie Ziyang , Xu Xu , Fitts Edward P.
Published: October 2022

Low-back musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are major cause of work-related injury among workers in manual material handling (MMH). Epidemiology studies show that excessive repetition is one of major risk factors of low-back MSDs. Thus, it is essential to monitor the frequency of lifting tasks for an ergonomics intervention. In the current field practice, safety practitioners need to manually observe workers to identify their lifting frequency, which is time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, we propose a method that can recognize lifting actions from videos using computer vision and deep neural networks. An open-source package OpenPose was first adopted to detect bony landmarks of human body in real time. Interpolation and scaling techniques were then applied to prevent missing points and offset different recording environments. Spatial and temporal kinematic features of human motion were then derived. These features were fed into long short-term memory networks for lifting action recognition. The results show that the F1-score of the lifting action recognition is 0.88. The proposed method has potential to monitor lifting frequency in an automated way and thus could lead to a more practical ergonomics intervention.
A Pilot Study of Healthcare Workers’ Experience With Personal Protective Equipment
Authors: Yu* Minji , Griffin Linsey
Published: October 2022

Personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance in healthcare settings has continued to be an issue before and during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to understand the overall experience of healthcare workers with PPE, including types and uses of PPE, their duties, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction with PPE. By examining the PPE design characteristics and requirements of healthcare workers, the ultimate goal is to redesign PPE to increase comfort and work efficiency. As a pilot study, one-to-one online interviews were conducted with three healthcare workers who had experience wearing PPE while working in a hospital. The transcripts were analyzed using NVivo software, and a total of 5 subgroups were created based on the 69 unique codes by grouping them into semantic units: environmental situation and characteristics, satisfaction, improvement and suggestion, issues and problems, and PPE wearing experience. Masks (N95 and surgical), eye protections (goggle and face shield), gowns, and gloves were investigated, and high risk of infection, discomfort and distrust about reusing PPE, low degree of protection, low usability, and low work efficiency were observed.
Trends in the Proceedings of the International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors AND Ergonomics Society (2021)
Authors: Fausett Crystal M. , StClair Andi N. , Keebler Joseph R.
Published: October 2022

The field of human factors and its associated research has experienced a large amount of growth over the years. In this paper we present the results of a text frequency analysis of the Proceedings of the International Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 65 Issue 1, September 2021. Popular words in proceedings titles include "Performance" (n = 28), "Task" (n = 24), "Learning" (n = 21), "Robot" (n = 21), and "User" (n = 21). These are preliminary results of a larger endeavor to uncover the publishing trends within the field of human factors over the last decade and therefore limited. However, this analysis will provide a useful lens for students, researchers, and industry practitioners to better understand the trends within the field of human factors and ergonomics over the past year.
The Relationship between Teaming Effectiveness and Online Students’ Sense of Connectedness in a First-Year Engineering Program
Authors: Amato-Henderson Susan , Sticklen Jon
Published: October 2022

The relationship between team effectiveness and student online connectedness was investigated in a first- year engineering course developed around teaming projects. While team effectiveness has typically been incorporated in learning environments to obtain specific content-related learning objectives or career preparedness outcomes, our goal was to determine if the teaming could also contribute to students’ sense of community and connectedness during virtual courses offered during the pandemic. Our exploratory study determined that several of the teaming effectiveness factors significantly predicted factors from the Online Student Connectedness Survey. We discuss the possibility of intentionally utilizing good teaming practices to enhance students’ sense of community and connectedness to course or programs of study.
SEIPS-based patient journey mapping: Application to a patient visit in the emergency department
Authors: Wust Kathryn , Barton Hanna , Werner Nicole E. , Rutkowski Rachel , Hoonakker Peter L.T. , Shah Manish N. , Patterson Brian W. , Pulia Michael S. , Buckley Denise , Smith Maureen , King Barbara , Dail Paula vW. , Carayon Pascale
Published: October 2022

Patient Journey Mapping (PJM) is an emerging method to describe complex health care processes from the patient perspective. In this paper we describe a novel PJM method that integrates the SEIPS model, in particular the five work system elements (i.e., person, tasks, tools/technology, environment, and organization). The SEIPS-based PJM method supports the integration of multiple perspectives (e.g., patient, clinician) throughout the design and development process, and helps to represent non-linear health care processes, such as those experienced by patients who present to the emergency department.
Effects of Payment Rate and Country’s Income Level on Attitude Toward aCrowdsourcing Task
Authors: Soratana Teerachart , Liu Yili , Yang X. Jessie
Published: October 2022

Using online crowdsourcing platforms has become an option for researchers to rapidly recruit participants for completing tasks that require human ingenuity. However, a growing concern is that workers on online crowdsourcing platforms, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), receive unfair compensation for tasks completed. In this article, we explored the eﬀects of the income level of participant’s country and the rate of payment on perceived payment fairness, task quality, and subjective experience. We tested our hypothesis using 3-way ANOVA and chi-square test of independence. The results showed that lower compensation increased the number of participants whose data might be unusable for research. Participants in the lower compensation rate group reported better perceived performance compared to those who received higher compensation. We found that high income country participants report less perceived eﬀort and frustration than lower-middle income country participants.
Expectant Mothers and Digital Health Interventions: The Application of HRO Principles in Prenatal Care in COVID-19 Era and Beyond
Authors: Gleiser Arianne , Khashe Yalda
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic expedited the transition of healthcare operations to digital health. The healthcrisis and social-distancing guidelines shifted the in-person health delivery systems to virtual care. Thissudden move to Digital Health exposed the importance of a reliable digital system in healthcareinstitutions to maintain the quality of care. According to recent studies, one of the most affected groupsduring previous global pandemics were expectant mothers. Reports show that previous epidemics wereaccountable for miscarriages, unfavorable fetal and neonatal results, and maternal deaths. Therefore,highlighting the importance of self-isolation for expectant mothers and the need for a digital platform toreceive the care they need. In this study we first identify the key performance indicators for a successfulvirtual visit for expectant mothers, then discuss the application of High Reliability Organizations (HRO)principles as a mechanism to reinforce weak interconnections to achieve systems interoperability and integration.
Adherence to COVID-19 Protocols: A Behavioral Frequency Assessment
Authors: Rodriguez Alan
Published: October 2022

In a time where the world is facing the COVID-19 pandemic, it could prove important to understand the current frequency of certain behaviors (i.e., COVID-19 non-adherence, hand hygiene, social gatherings, and non-essential trips) of university students as colleges in the United States prepare to welcome additional students back to their campuses for the spring semester of 2021. A four-segment online survey was created to gather information on COVID-19 non-adherence by using a combination of socio-demographic questions, non-adherence scenarios, behavioral frequency questions, and a personality survey. This paper's focus is specifically on certain questions from the behavioral frequency section of the survey to help provide descriptive research on university students' current behaviors.
Training Older Adults to Use Public Information System: Effects of Medium and Instruction Type on Training Efficacy
Authors: Chung Hyesun , Park Woojin
Published: October 2022

Technology training design for older adults is important as well-designed training methods can greatly improve technology accessibility for them. While there exist general design guidelines, such as supporting self-paced and goal-oriented training and using step-by-step instructions, additional design knowledge needs to be developed and validated empirically to further improve technology training design for older users. In an effort to contribute to the current design knowledge base, this study investigated the medium and instruction type effects on the efficacy of training older adults to use a public information system (a public ticket machine). Four training methods, combinations of 2 medium types (paper, digital) and 2 instruction types (goals-only, goals-and-actions), were evaluated in a lab experiment. While the older participants’ task performance generally increased after training, the degree of improvement differed significantly between the training methods. The combination of digital medium and goals-only instructions showed the highest performance improvement resulting from training.
A Scoping Literature Review and Content Analysis of Navigation Apps for Blind and Visually Impaired Users
Authors: Zheng Xi , Maredia Azima , Zahabi Maryam
Published: October 2022

Wayfinding can be challenging for blind and visually impaired people. While some applications exist in helping individuals with low vision to reach their desired destination, no study has examined currently available commercial navigation applications. The aim of this study was to understand what features are useful and should be considered when designing assistive applications for individuals with visual impairment. We conducted a scoping literature review of navigation applications on iOS designed for blind or visually impaired users. Fourteen unique applications were identified to be relevant based on our inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight features that have been included in these apps were summarized and discussed in this study. Finally, we elaborated a set of design recommendations based on these features for future assistive navigation application development.
Innovating Walking Speed as a Vital Sign: An Interface Development and Usability Study
Authors: Gonzalez-Vargas Jessica M. , Cole Courtney , Krishnakumar Sandeep , Shatinsky Kathleen , Hills Everett , Starkey Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Measuring walking speed is becoming a more useful tool for assessing overall patient health along with the other five vital signs: temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and pain. Clinicians consider walking speed to be the “sixth vital sign”. Standardization in measuring walking speed remains elusive and current methods may lead to inconsistent and inaccurate results. This study focused on testing an interface prototype that provides the user with a record-based platform for analyzing walking speed. Two usability studies were conducted with two separate iterations of interfaces. This paper focuses on the second interface, which was a refined version of the first interface. Data obtained through usability metrics and verbal protocol analyses (VPAs) was analyzed. Results from this study provided suggestions for improving the second interface’s ease of use and overall task interaction. Future work will address improving the interface prototype and converting it to a fully-programmed version.
Processes and perceptions of chemotherapy supply chain in Ethiopia: A mixed-method study
Authors: Stocker Kurtis J , Tiemann Andrew , Brunk Kelly M , Agegnehu Bemnat , Buhlinger Kaitlyn , Amerine Lindsey , Roberts Megan C , McLaughlin Jacqueline E , Clark Stephen M , Rose Robert , Mekonnen Befikadu , Bhakta Nickhill , Fentie Atalay Mulu , Alexander Thomas B , Ozawa Sachiko , Chargualaf Michael , Muluneh Benyam
Published: October 2022

Background

The impact and downstream effects of the chemotherapy supply chain in Ethiopia are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify perceived gaps in supply chain and characterize their impact on patient care.

Methods

A concurrent mixed-method study was conducted at a large academic cancer center in Ethiopia. In-depth interviews (IDIs) and surveys were completed in collaboration with external stakeholders with knowledge about chemotherapy supply chain in Ethiopia. Thematic coding was used for qualitative analysis of IDI and descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative survey data.

Results

Six stakeholders participated in the IDIs and seven completed surveys. IDIs revealed that most chemotherapeutic agents are purchased by the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Supply Agency (EPSA) and are distributed to cancer treatment centers. A free-market purchasing option also exists, but for chemotherapy obtained outside of government-subsidized channels, the potential for substandard or falsified chemotherapy was a concern. Participants expressed confidence that the correct treatment was administered to patients, but viewpoints on reliability and consistency of medication supply were variable. Quantitative data from the survey showed that participants were not confident that medications are prepared safely and correctly. Improper storage and manipulation of high-risk medications remain a significant risk to staff.

Conclusions

This study provides insight from a healthcare staff perspective on how gaps in the chemotherapy supply chain process impact patient care in a low-income country. Inventory management, disruptions in supply chain, and product integrity were perceived as the largest gaps in the current chemotherapy supply chain structure.
Spontaneous intraocular lens extrusion through Gundersen conjunctival graft after multiple failed keratoplasties: A report of two cases
Authors: Giannaccare Giuseppe , Nadeem Sana , Vaccaro Sabrina , Scorcia Vincenzo
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To report the occurrence and the outcomes of 2 cases of spontaneous extrusion of 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) through a Gundersen conjunctival flap performed for tectonic purposes after multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties (PKs).

Methods

A 70-year-old woman (Patient #1) with severe dry eye disease who had undergone cataract surgery with posterior chamber 3-piece IOL implantation, multiple PKs and Gundersen conjunctival flap in her left eye presented with partial extrusion of the optic and the inferior haptic of the IOL through the conjunctival flap. Inferior symblepharon and keratinization of the entire ocular surface were also present. A 64-year-old diabetic man (Patient #2) with history of cataract surgery with a posterior chamber IOL implantation, multiple PKs for keratoconus and Gunderson conjunctival flap in his right eye presented with partial extrusion of IOL optic through the conjunctival flap.

Results

Patient #1 refused a further surgery and IOL was removed at the slit lamp. Currently, 3 months after IOL extrusion, corneal perforation self-sealed, visual acuity of light perception is maintained, and the patient does not complain any symptoms of ocular discomfort or pain. In Patient #2, tectonic PK combined with IOL removal and anterior vitrectomy was performed. Currently, 1 month postoperatively corneal graft is clear, intraocular pressure is normal, and patient's vision is counting fingers.

Conclusions

In both cases, IOL extrusion occurred spontaneously through a Gunderson conjunctival flap. Including the underlying Tenon's capsule in the conjunctival graft could increase its tectonic support, potentially avoiding this complication.
The effects of yoga on mental health in school-aged children: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomised Control Trials
Authors: Khunti Kirti , Boniface Sadie , Norris Emma , De Oliveira Cesar M , Nicola Shelton
Published: October 2022

It is becoming increasingly common for frontline clinicians to see children and teenagers struggle with their mental health. Since mental health issues have increased over the past ten years in the UK, they are now the leading cause of disability and cost the British economy £105 billion annually. The review discusses the evidence base underpinning the effect of yoga on children’s mental health and summarises the results of 21 research papers. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched through Ovid from January 2008 until May 2022. The keywords 'yoga OR mindfulness – AND school AND children OR child OR youth OR adolescent' were used. The search was limited to studies in the English language. The quality of each study was rated against Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised control trials and a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The evidence for yoga therapies in children is encouraging, although studies include methodological flaws such as small sample sizes and sparse information on interventions. This review has highlighted that yoga interventions may be implemented in schools as a preventative and therapeutic measure for mental health issues.
Runoff Comebacks in Comparative Perspective: Two-Round Presidential Election Systems
Authors: Passarelli Gianluca , Bergman Matthew
Published: October 2022

In many countries, the president of the republic is directly elected through popular vote. Most such nations have an electoral system that provides for a double-round of voting. Often termed a two-round system, such elections have a second turn if no candidate obtains an absolute majority in the first round. This article presents an original dataset covering all the presidential and the semi-presidential regimes (73 countries) that have adopted two-round system along with the results of 423 elections for both the first and second round and whether the result was determined in the first round, whether the plurality winner of the first round was victorious in the second round, or whether there was a second round ‘comeback’ – when the runner-up of the first round was victorious in the second. A variety of exploratory hypotheses are presented that try to predict the likelihood of a second round or a comeback. Few are validated. The presence of an incumbent and a qualified method of presidential selection increases the probability of a second round occurring while a greater number of candidates and greater electoral volatility make it less likely. We find that no variables related to political institutions, presidential resources, or the structure of the first round predictive of a second round comeback. We make the dataset public so that future scholars can continue this form of investigation.
Nepantla aquí, Nepantla allá: The Borderlands of Identity from Mexican-Origin Women in STEM
Authors: Garza Norma E. , Rodriguez Sarah L. , Espino Maria L.
Published: October 2022

The study explored how Mexican-origin women in STEM utilized Anzaldua’s borderlands of identity and Conocimientos to successfully navigate between Mexican-origin cultures and STEM cultures. Students experienced life-changing events during their studies (el arrebato) and felt torn between STEM and Mexican-origin cultures ( Nepantla). However, students also sought to reimagine their futures ( Coyolxuahqui, the blow-up) and use their degrees to help their communities.
Modeling desorption and adsorption kinetics of reactive red 195 in washing microenvironment
Authors: Zhao Xu , Wang Bingxin , Jiang Li , Yang Qingbo , Liu Jianli
Published: October 2022

The faded-on stains of cotton clothes are a common daily phenomenon. The desorption and adsorption of reactive dyes are theoretically responsible for the faded-on stains on cotton clothes in the washing microenvironment, especially when the light color cotton fabrics ( LCFs) are washed together with the cotton fabrics dyed in highly saturated color ( CFSCs). However, the effects of washing parameters on the desorption and adsorption kinetics of reactive dyes and the mitigation of faded-on stains in the washing microenvironment through washing parameter optimization are poorly understood. This study thoroughly discusses the desorption and adsorption behaviors of reactive red 195 in the washing microenvironment from the inhibition of color transfer. Firstly, CFSCs and LCFs were prepared by using reactive red 195 and cotton fabrics. Secondly, the effects of washing parameters, washing temperature, washing liquor ratio, and washing solution pH, on the dye desorption and adsorption rate were studied with the simulated washing device ( SWD), followed by the response surface analysis of washing parameters. Thirdly, the modeling of desorption and adsorption kinetics and velocity were detailed. Finally, the model of dye desorption and adsorption was validated in a drum washing machine ( DWM). The results are helpful for the design of scientific washing procedures to curb the faded-on stains of cotton clothes effectively.
Fabrication and properties of far-infrared functional bandage
Authors: Zhu Hui , Xiang Xuexue , Gao Jing , Wang Lu
Published: October 2022

In order to develop far-infrared functional bandage products with excellent performance, tourmaline powder was selected as the far-infrared radiation material and the far-infrared functional finishing of polyester fabric was carried out by the dip-rolling process. Taking the radiation temperature rise value as the index to explore the optimal process conditions for the far-infrared performance, then the microstructure, mechanical properties, comfort performance, and far-infrared radiation performance of the far-infrared bandage were further investigated, respectively. Based on the results, the optimum process conditions for heating bandage have been proposed (tourmaline powder mass fraction, 5%; polyacrylate mass fraction, 25%; impregnation temperature, 40°; impregnation time, 15 min, baking temperature, 140° and baking time, 1 min). After being treated, the mechanical properties of the bandage enhanced, the air permeability decreased, and the moisture permeability increased significantly, indicating its comfort and is suitable for practical application. It was measured that the far-infrared ray emission value of the far-infrared functional bandage was 0.89, which was greater than the 0.80 required by CAS 115-2005 “Health Functional Textiles” standard, proving that the attachment of tourmaline made the far-infrared radiation performance of the bandage significantly improved. These attractive features of the far-infrared functional bandages promise them great potential in far-infrared health care applications.
Modeling and mechanical characteristics analysis of matched angular contact ball bearings under combined loads
Authors: Gu Jianguo , Yang Junyan , Zhang Shengdong , You Shihui , Shi Xiaolin
Published: October 2022

Although bearings have been used in many rotating machineries, the literatures relative to matched bearings are very scarce. The distributions of contact load and contact angle between bearing parts are the key indicators to reflect the operating condition of bearings, which can directly influence the wear rate and fatigue life of bearings. Owing to the complex and compact structure of matched bearings, it is hard to judge and evaluate what happens inside the matched bearings by experiments. To solve this problem, this paper presents a novel method to determine the distributions of contact load and contact angle of matched bearings under complex working conditions. Firstly, to establish the nonlinear relationship between internal deformations of balls and applied loads, a comprehensive model is proposed by using the coordinate transformation method and the Hertz contact theory. Then, the accuracy of the proposed model is validated by comparing the stiffness values with those reported in the existing reference. Finally, a pair of 7206B bearings is used as a case to introduce the use of the proposed model. The influences of installation type, preload, combined loads on the distributions of contact load and contact angle of matched bearings are detailed analyzed and studied.
When social media feeds classic punitivism on media: The coverage of the glorification of terrorism on XXI
Authors: Aguerri Jesús C. , Miró-Llinares Fernando , Vila-Viñas David
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the impact of social media on media coverage of criminal justice. We specifically analyse the Spanish media coverage of the glorification of terrorism between 2011 and 2020. Via the construction of correlation networks between words, we identify key discursive elements related to this crime and its variations across time in a database of 1403 news pieces published in the digital versions of Spain’s two major newspapers, ABC and El País. The analyses show how the media have focused their interest on the relationship between social media and the dissemination of certain offensive and/or criminal content while ignoring the element of ‘terrorism’. We discuss how the appearance of such offences in social media and the reaction of the Criminal Justice System are turned into object of mediatic interest, while many of the traditional communicative keys regarding the coverage of both the crimes and the penal system remain untouched.
Sequential treatment in advanced non–small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutations
Authors: Hsu Ping-Chih , Chang John Wen-Cheng , Chang Ching-Fu , Huang Chen-Yang , Yang Cheng-Ta , Kuo Chih-Hsi Scott , Fang Yueh-Fu , Wu Chiao-En
Published: October 2022

Background:

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard treatments for advanced EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Osimertinib is an effective therapy for NSCLC patients with acquired resistance due to T790M mutation after first- and second-generation EGFR-TKI treatment. This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of sequential therapy following first-line EGFR-TKIs and the predictive factors of an acquired T790M mutation.

Methods:

Between January 2014 and December 2018, data from 2190 advanced NSCLC patients with common EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion and L858R) receiving first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs in Linkou, Kaohsiung, Chiayi and Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed.

Results:

Until August 2021, among 1943 patients who experienced progressive disease, 526 underwent T790M mutation tests, and their T790M-positive rate was 53.6%. Exon 19 deletion mutation and progression-free survival (PFS) of >12 months were positively associated with secondary T790M mutation. Different first-line first- and second-generation EGFR-TKI therapies did not affect the appearance of acquired T790M mutations. The median overall survival (OS) was 58.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.0–67.5] months among the patients with T790M mutation who received second-line osimertinib therapy compared with 31.0 (95% CI: 27.5–34.5) months among the patients without T790M mutation who received chemotherapy alone. The multivariate analysis showed that a poor performance status (score: >2), nonadenocarcinoma histology, stage IV cancer, liver metastasis, brain metastasis, PFS while on first-line EGFR-TKIs, and subsequent chemotherapy without third-generation EGFR-TKIs were significant independent unfavorable prognostic factors for OS.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated the efficacy of first-line EGFR-TKIs and sequential osimertinib therapy. The results of our study suggest that T790M mutation tests are important for the use of subsequent osimertinib, which yielded favorable survival outcomes.
Systemic adjuvant therapy for high-risk cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Kobeissi Iyad , Tarhini Ahmad A.
Published: October 2022

Cutaneous melanoma continues to increase in incidence and poses a significant mortality risk. Surgical excision of melanoma in its early stages is often curative. However, patients with resected stages IIB-IV are considered at high risk for relapse and death from melanoma where systemic adjuvant therapy is indicated. The long-studied high-dose interferon-α was shown to improve relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) but is no longer in use. Adjuvant therapy with ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg (ipi10) demonstrated significant RFS and OS improvements but at a high cost in terms of toxicity, while adjuvant ipilimumab 3 mg/kg was shown to be equally effective and less toxic. More recently, the adjuvant therapy for resected stages III-IV melanoma in clinical practice has changed in favor of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and BRAF-MEK inhibitors dabrafenib plus trametinib (for BRAF mutant melanoma) based on significant improvements in RFS as compared to ipi10 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and placebo (dabrafenib plus trametinib). For resected stages IIB-IIC melanoma, pembrolizumab achieved regulatory approval in the United States based on significant RFS benefits. In this article, we review completed and ongoing phase III adjuvant therapy trials. We also briefly discuss neoadjuvant therapy for locoregionally advanced melanoma. Finally, we explore recent studies on predictive and prognostic melanoma biomarkers in the adjuvant setting.
Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: The Need for New Approaches
Authors: Yeung Andrea M. , Huang Jingtong , Nguyen Kevin T. , Xu Nicole Y. , Hughes Lorenzo T. , Agrawal Brajesh K. , Ejskjaer Niels , Klonoff David C.
Published: October 2022

Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common vexing problem for people with diabetes and a costly problem for society. The pathophysiology is not well understood, and no safe and effective mechanistically-based treatment has been identified. Poor glycemic control is a risk factor for painful diabetic neuropathy. Excessive intraneuronal glucose in people with diabetes can be shunted away from physiological glycolysis into multiple pathological pathways associated with neuropathy and pain. The first three treatments that are traditionally offered consist of risk factor reduction, lifestyle modifications, and pharmacological therapy, which includes only three drugs that are approved for this indication by the United States Food and Drug Administration. All of these traditional treatments are often inadequate for relieving neuropathic pain, and thus, new approaches are needed. Modern devices based on neuromodulation technology, which act directly on the nervous system, have been recently cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration for painful diabetic neuropathy and offer promise as next-in-line therapy when traditional therapies fail.
Minced Autologous Chondral Fragments with Fibrin Glue as a Simple Promising One-Step Cartilage Repair Procedure: A Clinical and MRI Study at 12-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Wodzig M.H.H. , Peters M.J.M. , Emanuel K.S. , Van Hugten P.P.W. , Wijnen W. , Jutten L.M. , Boymans T.A. , Loeffen D.V. , Emans P.J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate early radiological and clinical outcome of autologous minced cartilage treatment as a single-step treatment option in patients with a chondral or osteochondral lesion (OCL) in the knee.

Design

Eighteen patients with an OCL in the knee were included. Cartilage from healthy-appearing loose bodies and/or the periphery of the defect were minced into small chips and sealed in the defect using fibrin glue. Preoperatively, and at 3 ( n = 14) and 12 ( n = 18) months follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. The Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) 2.0 score was used to assess the cartilage repair tissue on MRI at 12 months. The International Knee Documentation Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, EuroQoL-5D, and Visual Analogue Scale pain were collected preoperatively and 12 months after surgery.

Results

Three months postoperative, MRI showed complete defect filling in 11 out of 14 patients. Mean MOCART 2.0 score at 12 months was 65.0 ± 18.9 with higher scores for lateral femoral chondral lesions compared to medial femoral chondral lesions (75.8 ± 14.3, 52.5 ± 15.8 respectively, P = 0.02). Clinical and statistical significant improvements were observed in the patient-reported outcome measures at 12 months postoperatively compared to preoperatively.

Conclusion

Treatment of OCLs using the autologous minced cartilage procedure resulted in good cartilage repair measured by MOCART 2.0. Clinically relevant improvements were observed in the clinical scores. This study suggests autologous minced cartilage as a promising, single-step treatment for OCLs.
The aesthetics of frieze patterns: Effects of symmetry, motif, and element size
Authors: Friedenberg Jay , Martin Preston , Uy Naomi , Kvapil Mackenzie
Published: October 2022

Frieze patterns appear frequently in architectural designs and ornamental patterning but their aesthetic qualities have never been studied experimentally. In the first experiment, 39 undergraduates used a seven-point rating scale to assess the perceived beauty of the seven basic frieze types presented at a horizontal orientation. The friezes consisted of individual curved and linear motifs as well as random textures. Friezes that filled the entire pattern region and which contained emergent global features were preferred the most. In a second experiment, we utilized horizontal texture friezes that were completely filled and which varied in size and number of elements. Participants preferred patterns with larger features, probably because they make detection of the symmetric transformations more visible. The frieze with the greatest number of symmetries was preferred most but symmetric complexity by itself could not completely account for the predicted preference ordering. In both studies, friezes containing horizontal mirrors (translation, 180° rotation, horizontal mirror, vertical mirror, and glide reflection and translation, horizontal mirror, and glide reflection) were preferred far more than any other condition. Horizontal symmetry may enhance perceived beauty in these cases because it runs parallel to and so emphasizes the overall frieze orientation.
Update on genetics and epigenetics in metabolic associated fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhu Xiaopeng , Xia Mingfeng , Gao Xin
Published: October 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide. Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is suggested to replace the nomenclature of NAFLD. For individuals with metabolic dysfunction, multiple NAFLD-related factors also contribute to the development and progression of MAFLD including genetics and epigenetics. The application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome-wide association study (EWAS) uncovers single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAFLD. In addition to the classic SNPs in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR, some new SNPs have been found recently to contribute to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Epigenetic factors involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs regulations, and RNA methylation also play a critical role in MAFLD. DNA methylation is the most reported epigenetic modification. Developing a non-invasion biomarker to distinguish metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH) or liver fibrosis is ongoing. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest progress in genetic and epigenetic factors of NAFLD/MAFLD, in order to provide potential clues for MAFLD treatment.
Partisanship and the trolley problem: Partisan willingness to sacrifice members of the other party
Authors: Barber Michael , Davis Ryan
Published: October 2022

Do partisans view members of the other party as having lower moral status? While research shows that partisans view the out-group quite poorly, we show that affective polarization extends to expressing a willingness to sacrifice an out-partisan’s life. We report the first study to consider partisanship in the classic “trolley problem” in which respondents are asked whether they would sacrifice an individual’s life in order to save the life of five individuals. We explore this issue with a nationally representative survey experiment in the United States, inquiring about politicized variants of the trolley problem case. First, we vary the political affiliations of both the group of five (to be saved by turning the trolley) and the single individual (to be sacrificed by turning the trolley). We find that individuals are less willing to sacrifice a co-partisan for the sake of a group of out-partisans. These findings go beyond earlier work by suggesting that partisans not only hold negative attitudes and judgments toward political out-groups but also they will at least signal approval of differing moral treatment. We take stock of how these results bear on normative questions in democratic theory.
Understanding Users’ Urge to Post Online Reviews: A Study Based on Existence, Relatedness, and Growth Theory
Authors: Yu Li-Chen , Hsu Chia-Lin
Published: October 2022

Online user-generated content continues to attract the attention of practitioners and academics. However, there is limited research on the fundamental motivations and psychological factors underpinning users’ urge to post online. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of users’ existence, relatedness, and growth needs on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and their urge to post online reviews. In addition, it examines the moderating effect of website features (i.e., perceived critical mass, brand awareness, and information quality) on such an impact. A regression analysis reveals that existence and growth needs have a significantly higher and more positive impact on intrinsic motivations than on extrinsic motivations. Relatedness needs, on the other hand, has a significantly higher and more positive influence on extrinsic motivations. Further, this study shows that existence, relatedness, and growth needs have a significant direct effect on the urge to post online reviews. It also confirms that website features significantly moderate the relationship between intrinsic motivations and the urge to post online reviews. In particular, perceived critical mass has a significantly moderating effect on the relationship between extrinsic motivations and the urge to post online reviews. The study concludes with the academic and managerial implications of its findings, its research limitations, and directions for future research.
Revitalizing cultural consciousness in Taiwan’s higher education: Ambitions and Tensions
Authors: Lin Warangkana , Yang Rui
Published: October 2022

Contextualizing cultural foundations of modern university development has increasingly been ubiquitous. This paper probes cultural awareness of Taiwan’s academia in times of change. Despite the government-driven motives to impose Western indicators in measuring success, the study’s empirical evidence reveals that Taiwanese academics cherish their traditional culture. Ambitions were spawned from attempts to underpin their higher education system along cultural lines, while tensions were escalated when coping with the government policy benchmarking against Western standards. Citing the perspectives of two premier universities’ executives and faculty members, Taiwan’s academic society shares cultural affinities to rally a blended model that synthesizes its longstanding indigenized values and imported Western experiences. Revitalizing cultural consciousness calls for alternatives to Taiwan’s existing Western-oriented model of higher education.
A Glimpse of Memory Through the Eyes: Pupillary Responses Measured During Encoding Reflect the Likelihood of Subsequent Memory Recall in an Auditory Free Recall Test
Authors: Micula Andreea , Rönnberg Jerker , Książek Patrycja , Murmu Nielsen Reena , Wendt Dorothea , Fiedler Lorenz , Ng Elaine Hoi Ning
Published: October 2022

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether task-evoked pupillary responses measured during encoding, individual working memory capacity and noise reduction in hearing aids were associated with the likelihood of subsequently recalling an item in an auditory free recall test combined with pupillometry. Participants with mild to moderately severe symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (n = 21) were included. The Sentence-final Word Identification and Recall (SWIR) test was administered in a background noise composed of sixteen talkers with noise reduction in hearing aids activated and deactivated. The task-evoked peak pupil dilation (PPD) was measured. The Reading Span (RS) test was used as a measure of individual working memory capacity. Larger PPD at a single trial level was significantly associated with higher likelihood of subsequently recalling a word, presumably reflecting the intensity of attention devoted during encoding. There was no clear evidence of a significant relationship between working memory capacity and subsequent memory recall, which may be attributed to the SWIR test and RS test being administered in different modalities, as well as differences in task characteristics. Noise reduction did not have a significant effect on subsequent memory recall. This may be due to the background noise not having a detrimental effect on attentional processing at the favorable signal-to-noise ratio levels at which the test was conducted.