bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spectre of Criminalization: Remand Admissions to the Forensic Psychiatric Institute, British Columbia, 1975–1990
Authors: Brinded Philip M J , Grant Faye E , Smith Jeanette E
Published: January 2017

The history of the Forensic Psychiatric Institute (FPI) of British Columbia is reviewed through a description of the 3,500 remand admissions to the Institute between 1975 and 1990. Individuals charged with only minor offences and those who were certified under the Mental Health Act 1983 and subsequently had their charges stayed are examined in more detail. Results appear to suggest that these two groups are particularly vulnerable to the process of criminalization. The possible link between criminalization of the mentally ill and deinstitutionalization is explored.
Fractures of Neck Structures in Suicidal Hanging
Authors: Morild I
Published: January 2017

A prospective study of hanging deaths was performed, and 80 cases of suicidal hanging were registered. The purpose of the study was to register fractures of the bony structures of the neck. The frequency of such fractures ranges from rare to frequent in the literature. Prospective studies give the highest incidence of fractures. Careful dissection and an X-ray cabinet with ready-made film in envelopes were used to register all fractures. There were 73 per cent men and 27 per cent women. The mean age was 38.7 years. The proportion of fractures seemed to increase with age and possibly also with increasing suspension time. The highest frequency of fractures was found in atypical complete hangings.
State Public Health Laboratory System Quality Improvement Activities
Authors: Su Bertina , Vagnone Paula Snippes
Published: January 2017

The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and the APHL Laboratory Systems and Standards Committee manage the Laboratory System Improvement Program (L-SIP). One component of L-SIP is an assessment that allows the members and stakeholders of a laboratory system to have an open and honest discussion about the laboratory system's strengths and weaknesses.

From these facilitated discussions, gaps and opportunities for improvement are identified. In some cases, ideas for how to best address these gaps emerge, and workgroups are formed. Depending on resources, both monetary and personnel, laboratory staff will then prioritize the next component of L-SIP: which quality improvement activities to undertake. This article describes a sample of quality improvement activities initiated by several public health laboratories after they conducted L-SIP assessments. These projects can result in more robust linkages between system entities, which can translate into improvements in the way the system addresses the needs of stakeholders.
The Indiana Laboratory System: Focus on Environmental Laboratories
Authors: Madlem Jyl M. , Hammes Kara R. , Matheson Shelley R. , Lovchik Judith C.
Published: January 2017

The Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) Laboratories are working to improve Indiana's state public health laboratory system. Environmental laboratories are key stakeholders in this system, but their needs have been largely unaddressed prior to this project. In an effort to identify and engage these laboratories, the ISDH Laboratories organized and hosted the First Annual Environmental Laboratories Meeting. The focus of this meeting was on water-testing laboratories throughout the state. Meeting objectives included issue identification, disaster recovery response, and communication efforts among system partners. Common concerns included the need for new technology and updated methods, analyst training, certification programs for analysts and sample collectors, electronic reporting, and regulation interpretation and inspection consistency. Now that these issues have been identified, they can be addressed through a combination of laboratory workgroups and collaboration with Indiana's regulatory agencies. Participants were overwhelmingly positive about the meeting's outcomes and were willing to help with future laboratory system improvement projects.
Evaluation of the Novel Respiratory Virus Surveillance Program: Pediatric Early Warning Sentinel Surveillance (PEWSS)
Authors: Armour Patricia A. , Nguyen Linh M. , Lutman Michelle L. , Middaugh John P.
Published: January 2017

Objectives.

Infections caused by respiratory viruses are associated with recurrent epidemics and widespread morbidity and mortality. Routine surveillance of these pathogens is necessary to determine virus activity, monitor for changes in circulating strains, and plan for public health preparedness. The Southern Nevada Health District in Las Vegas, Nevada, recruited five pediatric medical practices to serve as sentinel sites for the Pediatric Early Warning Sentinel Surveillance (PEWSS) program.

Methods.

Sentinel staff collected specimens throughout the year from ill children who met the influenza-like illness case definition and submitted specimens to the Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory for molecular testing for influenza and six non-influenza viruses.

Results.

Laboratory results were analyzed and reported to the medical and general communities in weekly bulletins year-round. PEWSS data were also used to establish viral respiratory seasonal baselines and in influenza vaccination campaigns. The surveillance program was evaluated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems. PEWSS met three of six program usefulness criteria and seven of nine surveillance system attributes, which exceeded the CDC Guidelines evaluation criteria for a useful and complete public health surveillance program.

Conclusion.

We found that PEWSS is a useful and complete public health surveillance system that is simple, flexible, accessible, and stable.
Transnational Record Linkage for Tuberculosis Surveillance and Program Evaluation
Authors: Aiona Kaylynn , Lowenthal Phillip , Painter John A. , Reves Randall , Flood Jennifer , Parker Matthew , Fu Yunxin , Wall Kirsten , Walter Nicholas D.
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Pre-immigration tuberculosis (TB) screening, followed by post-arrival rescreening during the first year, is critical to reducing TB among foreign-born people in the United States. However, existing U.S. public health surveillance is inadequate to monitor TB among immigrants during subsequent years. We developed and tested a novel method for ascertaining post-U.S.-arrival TB outcomes among high-TB-risk immigrant cohorts to improve surveillance.

Methods.

We used a probabilistic record linkage program to link pre-immigration screening records from U.S.-bound immigrants from the Philippines ( n=422,593) and Vietnam ( n=214,401) with the California TB registry during 2000–2010. We estimated sensitivity using Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertainty in key inputs. Specificity was evaluated by using a time-stratified approach, which defined false-positives as TB records linked to pre-immigration screening records dated after the person had arrived in the United States.

Results.

TB was reported in 4,382 and 2,830 people born in the Philippines and Vietnam, respectively, in California during the study period. Of these TB cases, records for 973 and 452 cases of people born in the Philippines and Vietnam, respectively, were linked to pre-immigration screening records. Sensitivity and specificity of linkage were 89% (90% credible interval [CrI] 83, 97) and 100%, respectively, for the Philippines, and 90% (90% CrI 83, 98) and 99.9%, respectively, for Vietnam.

Conclusion.

Electronic linkage of pre-immigration screening records to a domestic TB registry was feasible, sensitive, and highly specific in two high-priority immigrant cohorts. Transnational record linkage can be used for program evaluation and routine monitoring of post-U.S.-arrival TB risk among immigrants, but requires interagency data sharing and collaboration.
Sex and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Premature Mortality Due to HIV: Florida, 2000–2009
Authors: Trepka Mary Jo , Niyonsenga Theophile , Fennie Kristopher P. , McKelvey Karma , Lieb Spencer , Maddox Lorene M.
Published: January 2017

Objective.

This study aimed to characterize premature mortality among people diagnosed with HIV infection from 2000 to 2009 in Florida, by sex and race/ethnicity, to estimate differences in premature mortality that could be prevented by linkage to HIV care and treatment.

Methods.

Florida surveillance data for HIV diagnoses (excluding concurrent AIDS diagnoses) were linked with vital records data to ascertain deaths through 2011. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) were obtained from the expected number of remaining years of life at a given age from the U.S. sex-specific period life tables.

Results.

Among 41,565 people diagnosed with HIV infection during the study period, 5,249 died, and 2,563 (48.8%) deaths were due to HIV/AIDS. Age-standardized YPLL (aYPLL) due to HIV/AIDS per 1,000 person-years was significantly higher for females than males (372.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 349.8, 396.2 vs. 295.2, 95% CI 278.4, 312.5); for non-Hispanic black (NHB) females than non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic females (388.2, 95% CI 360.7, 416.9; 294.3, 95% CI 239.8, 354.9; and 295.0, 95% CI 242.9, 352.5, respectively); and for NHB males compared with NHW and Hispanic males (378.7, 95% CI 353.7, 404.7; 210.6, 95% CI 174.3, 250.8; and 240.9, 95% CI 204.8, 280.2, respectively). In multilevel modeling controlling for individual factors, NHB race was associated with YPLL due to HIV/AIDS for women ( p=0.04) and men ( p<0.001).

Conclusion.

Among people diagnosed with HIV infection, females and NHB people had a disproportionately high premature mortality from HIV/AIDS, suggesting the need for enhanced efforts to improve linkage to and retention in care and medication adherence for these groups.
The Role of Adverse Event Reporting in the FDA Response to a Multistate Outbreak of Liver Disease Associated with a Dietary Supplement
Authors: Klontz Karl C. , DeBeck Heidi J. , LeBlanc Pamela , Mogen Kathryn M. , Wolpert Beverly J. , Sabo Jonathan L. , Salter Monique , Seelman Sharon L. , Lance Susan E. , Monahan Caitlin , Steigman David S. , Gensheimer Kathleen
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Liver disease is a potential complication from using dietary supplements. This study investigated an outbreak of non-viral liver disease associated with the use of OxyELITE Pro™, a dietary supplement used for weight loss and/or muscle building.

Methods.

Illness details were ascertained from MedWatch reports submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) describing consumers who ingested OxyELITE Pro alone or in combination with other dietary supplements. FDA's Forensic Chemistry Center analyzed samples of OxyELITE Pro.

Results.

From February 2012 to February 2014, FDA received 114 reports of adverse events of all kinds involving consumers who ingested OxyELITE Pro. The onset of illness for the first report was December 2010 and for the last report was January 2014. Thirty-three states, two foreign nations, and Puerto Rico submitted reports. Fifty-five of the reports (48%) described liver disease in the absence of viral infection, gallbladder disease, autoimmune disease, or other known causes of liver damage. A total of 33 (60%) of these patients were hospitalized, and three underwent liver transplantation. In early 2013, OxyELITE Pro products entered the market with a formulation distinct from products sold previously. The new formulation replaced 1,3-dimethylamylamine with aegeline. However, the manufacturer failed to submit to FDA a required “new dietary ingredient” notice for the use of aegeline in OxyELITE Pro products. Laboratory analysis identified no drugs, poisons, pharmaceuticals, toxic metals, usnic acid, N-Nitroso-fenfluramine, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aristocholic acid, or phenethylamines in the products.

Conclusions.

Vigilant surveillance is required for adverse events linked to the use of dietary supplements.
Multi-perspective measurement of yarn hairiness using mirrored images
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Bugao , Gao Weidong
Published: January 2017

Most photoelectric and imaging methods for yarn hairiness measurements often provide underestimated data of hairy fibers measured from light projection, which ignores the spatial orientations and shapes of protruding fibers. In this project, a three-dimensional (3D) system was developed to detect hairy fibers from multiple perspectives and to reconstruct a 3D model for the yarn that permits fibers to be traced spatially. The system utilized two angled planar mirrors to view a yarn from five different perspectives simultaneously, and a digital camera to capture the multiple images in one panoramic picture. The image-processing techniques were used to dissect the panoramic picture into five sub-images containing separate views of the yarn, and to segment the sub-images to obtain yarn silhouettes showing the edges of the yarn and hairy fibers. A 3D model of the yarn could be built by merging the five silhouettes with the angles defined by the scene geometry of the dual mirrors. From the 3D model, hairy fibers protruding from the yarn core could be traced in the space for accurate length measurements. The system represents a simple and practical solution for the 3D measurement of yarn hairiness.
Effect of Crimp on Fiber Behavior
Authors: Rainard L.W. , Abbott Dorothea
Published: January 2017

An objective method for determining fiber irregularities is suggested wherein it is recog nized that there are many instances of crimpiness which cannot be defined in terms of frequency and amplitude measurements. An attempt was made to arrive at a simple correlation between roving diameters and single-fiber properties based on a geometric analysis of a roving. An empirical expression is presented which to a fair degree allows the prediction of equilibrium roving diameters from measurement of the properties of single fibers. A laboratory technique for studying the bulking capacity of wools is presented which is useful possibly as an objective technique for evaluating what potentially is of greater technical significance than crimp—namely, the bulking tendencies of irregularly shaped fibers.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Flame-Retardant-Treated Wools
Authors: Beck P. J. , Gordon P. G. , Ingham P. E.
Published: January 2017

The thermogravimetric analysis of wool treated with a number of flame retardants has revealed that the retardants can be divided into two groups: those that retard the rate of mass loss on heating, and those (compounds of zirconium, titanium, tin, tungsten, and chromium) that enhance the rate of decomposition of the wool at temperatures where disintegration of the protein chains occur. Data were obtained on two different instruments, and while the results are in good qualitative agreement, it is emphasized that great care should be taken before quantitative comparisons of results from different instruments are undertaken.
Electron Microscopical Study of Plasma-Etched Polymers
Authors: Padhye M. R. , Bhat N. V. , Mittal P. K.
Published: January 2017

Electron microscopic investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments and nylon 66 film has been carried out using the method of two stage replication. The effect of ionic etching in radio frequency gas discharge has been investigated. It has been shown that the method of ionic etching in combination with the method of mild abrasion can be effectively used to reveal the internal structure of the fibers.
A Simple Device for Assessing Wrinkle Performance of Fabrics by Stress Relaxation in Bending
Authors: Chapman B. M.
Published: January 2017

A simple device for measuring stress relaxation of fabrics in bending is described. It may be used to obtain the viscoelastic and frictional components V and F, which have been shown to determine the recovery of fabrics from bending deformations. A test procedure of relevance to the practical wrinkling situation is suggested and involves the measurement of stress relaxation during a chance in relative humidity. A series of fabrics subjected to this test display a wide range of V and F values exhibiting low coefficients of variation between readings. The instrument should prove useful for analytical or routine assessment of the wrinkling behavior of fabrics.
Effectiveness of Prepolymers from Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate and Polyethylenimine as Flame Retardants for Cotton-Containing Fabrics
Authors: Bertoniere Noelie R. , Rowland Stanley P.
Published: January 2017

Prepolymers of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (DCPP) with polyethylenimine (PEI) were prepared, applied to cotton-containing fabrics, and cured at 155°C. The prepolymers imparted flame resistance to all-cotton and cotton/polyester blends. The most effective prepolymers were prepared from 3:1 and 5:1 mole ratios of DCPP: PEI. Practical potentialities for these finishes are limited because their durability to laundering is low.
Water-Contact-Angle Studies of Fabrics Radiation-Grafted with Methylhydrogensiloxane
Authors: Nishide Shinko , Shimizu Harumichi
Published: January 2017

The water-contact angles of the polymethylhydrogensiloxane (silicone)-grafted fabrics (wool, cotton, Vinylon, rayon, acetate, Tetoron, nylon, and silk) prepared by irradiation were measured and the results support the following conclusions:

1. For the same degree of grafting, the relation between the water-contact angles and the roughness factors (defined as the number of yarn crossover points per-unit-area) of various fabrics is linear. It is concluded that the surfaces of grafted fabrics are in the same state regardless of kinds of fabrics. 2. On fabrics of the same roughness the water-contact angles of grafted samples are greater by about 10° than those of the silicone-coated samples, which are padded with silicone, not irradiated, and heated. This fact can be explained by the hypothesis that the upheavals on the surface of a fabric are increased by radiation grafting. 3. By repeated washing with petroleum solvent, the water-contact angles of grafted fabrics decrease a few degrees after one washing and then do not change further even after repeated washing. This result suggests that the grafted silicone is “set” into a conformation which is not appreciably altered in spite of repeated solvent washing.
Structural Aspects of the Walls of Cateye Cotton
Authors: Degruy Ines V. , Carra Jarrell H.
Published: January 2017

Aspergillus flavus boll infection is revealed in a bright, greenish-yellow fluorescence of cotton seeds. The lint on these seeds has been studied microscopically to determine the characteristic properties of the infected fibers. Photomicrographs andelectron micrographs show the extent of wall damage caused by the A. flavus fungus. Cross sections examined in the light microscope revealed a “doughnut” fiber shape, unlike the usual kidney-bean shape of normal cotton. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon is suggested.
Processing Cotton with Chemically-Altered Fiber Friction
Authors: Graham C. O. , Rhodes P. L. , Harver R. J.
Published: January 2017

Chemical treatments affecting fiber properties that influence cotton processing efficiency arc discussed. A broad range of chemical treatments and various methods of applying them to precleaned cotton are covered. Increases in fiber friction improve fiber parallelization and reduced roving twist requirements, but are detrimental to carding performance and yarn properties. Reduction in friction improves spinning efficiency.
A Multilayer Theory for Gas Sorption
Authors: Dent R. W.
Published: January 2017

A multilayer model is proposed which predicts the equilibrium sorption isotherms for pure gases in Part I and for binary gas mixtures in Part II. This first part deals with the sorption of a pure gas or vapor, particularly by polymers. The model and equations are significantly different from those presently most used.

The model gives good fits to the data against which it has been tested, particularly when used with sigmoidal isotherms. It allows the thermodynamic parameters to be calculated and gives important knowledge about the distribution and location of sorbed species.
The need for synergies between watershed and livestock policies
Authors: Hooja Rakshat
Published: January 2017

It is being recognised more and more that to increase the equitable impact of watershed development, more attention needs to be paid to livestock production, which is a major livelihood activity in most rain fed areas. In addition to providing income through animal and dairy sales, livestock plays an important role in crop production as a source of manure and draught power. Especially in the ecologically fragile areas of semi-arid watersheds, livestock makes an important contribution to the survival of the economically weaker sections. It is even ironic that the watershed guidelines and policies developed by both the central and the state Governments, which for over 30 years have been considered the main catalysts for the development and growth of drought prone areas, have paid only lip service to livestock development. Part of the neglect is due to the focus on dairying, on account of the success of the NDDB. Policies aimed of maximising economic gains from livestock at the national level neglect the needs of the poor.
Cultural determinants of malnutrition in an urban slum
Authors: Acharya P. K.
Published: January 2017

This empirical study of pre-school children and their mothers in an urban slum in Bhubaneswar shows that enforced restriction in fuel use, due to either lack of purchasing power in the rainy season, when firewood use is problematic, curtails nutritional consumption. Consequently, protein food items are neglected in the diet. It was found also that mothers’ adherence to unsound food beliefs restricts not only their own food consumption, but the diet intake of their children as well. When adequate nutrition is difficult to provide to a mother because of poverty, which was common among the study's slum-dwellers, her adherence to unsound food beliefs restricts her diet intake further, exacerbates malnutrition, and increases the chances of pregnancy-related complications.
Distribution of household assets and the resultant pattern of income and employment among the weaker sections in the rural areas of Haryana
Authors: Thakur Dalip S. , Sharma Neeraj
Published: January 2017

Since the beginning of planning in India, the strategies and programmes are being designed and redesigned, keeping in view the objective of poverty alleviation. In almost all the plan documents, emphasis has been placed on the common man, weaker sections and the less privileged of the society. Repeatedly, the objectives of the plans have kept removal of poverty, unemployment and inequality at the top in priority. But the planned development efforts have failed to yield tangible results in terms of visible improvement in the standard of living of the people belonging to the lower income groups. The landless households, marginal and small farmers, agricultural wage earners and casual workers engaged in non-agricultural activities constitute the bulk of rural poor. The obsolete methods of production, small land holdings and their low productivity are the main causes of poverty among households dependent on land based activities for their livelihood. The lower literacy percentage and lack of other vocational skills also perpetuates poverty. Due to the poor physical and capital base, a large proportion of the people are forced to continue in the occupations having extremely low levels of productivity as well as income. One of the most striking experiences of planned efforts in India has been that economically backward regions and economically backward and socially oppressed people, in both developed and backward regions, have gained little. The benefits accrued proportionately more to the already rich and socially privileged sections of the society perpetuating social inequalities and disparities of income and wealth distribution. The present paper focuses on distribution of household assets and the resultant pattern of income and employment among the weaker sections in the rural areas of Haryana.
Laparoscopy in the Management of Pelvic Pain in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Etuk S J , Asuquo E E J , Itam I H
Published: January 2017

During the study period (July 1988 to June 1993), 707 laparoscopics were performed in the maternity annex of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Fifty-eight (8.2%) were for pelvic pain. Some of the cases of pelvic pain were laparoscoped only after failure of other investigative procedures and medical treatment. In 45 (77.6%) definitive diagnoses were made and 37 of these became asymptomatic after definitive treatment following the laparoscopy. Of the 12 (20.69%) with no detectable abnormalities, four became asymptomatic with explanation and reassurance. All the patients with unruptured and the two with ruptured ectopic pregnancy were managed without the need for blood transfusion. Most of the diagnostic laparoscopies were performed on a day-case basis. A complication rate of 1.7% was recorded. A more liberal use of the procedure in the investigation of pelvic pain in women is advocated.
Control of Water-Borne Parasitic Diseases with Natural Products: The Potential of Dialium Guineense as a Molluscicide
Authors: Houghton P J , Odukoya O A , Adelusi A , Omogbai E K I , Sanderson L , Whitfield P J
Published: January 2017

The molluscicidal activity of the fruit and leaves of Dialium guineense was found to be due to glycosides of the triterpenoid oleanolic acid. Three glycosides were isolated from the fruit and a fourth from the leaves and are known compounds. The amount of total saponins present in D. guineense makes it a good candidate for a readily available molluscicide in Nigerian villages.
Special Care for Newborns at a Community Hospital: A 5-Year Experience
Authors: Borulkar P D , Borulkar S P , Dhole R K , Daga S R
Published: January 2017

A workable model for the special care of newborns has been developed at a community hospital in a predominantly tribal block. Adequate warmth, prompt resuscitation, proper feeding and oxygen administration, when necessary, formed the key interventions. This facility was developed with existing staff and infrastructure and with minimal material inputs. Neonatal survivals were 61.5% in the 1000–1500 g category and 92.5% in the 1520–2000 g category during a five year period. We believe that this model is both replicable and affordable. It has the potential for developing horizontal links with perinatal care and child survival programmes.
Socio-Demographic Determinants of Antenatal Care
Authors: Chandrashekar Shalini , Rao R S Phaneendra , Nair N Sreekumaran , Kutty P Raman
Published: January 2017

A large scale community-based study in South Kanara district of Karnataka state, India has revealed that, despite a low infant mortality rate (IMR), there is a clear association between IMR and lack of antenatal care (ANC) as well as IMR and poor quality ANC. We analyse the factors which determine the utilization of ANC and show the association between quality of ANC and maternal literacy, occupation, age and parity. Factors which are also significantly associated are socio-economic status, religion and matriarchal system. Characteristically, those who do not receive any ANC are poor, illiterate, multiparous unskilled mothers over 30 years of age and who live far away from a medical facility. This study conclusively demonstrates that even in regions where IMR is low there is enough scope to reduce it further by concentrating our efforts on the high risk population.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Prednisolone Prevention of Chloroquine Induced Pruritus among Nigerian Health Workers
Authors: Ajayi A A , Olotu T C , Sofowora G G
Published: January 2017

Severe generalized pruritus is a common drawback in chloroquine therapy of malaria in black Africans. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of 117 Nigerian hospital workers, who historically itch to chloroquine, to the use of prednisolone to prevent chloroquine pruritus in malaria. Ninety per cent of respondents had a positive family history of chloroquine induced pruritus. Seventy-five per cent (92) of the subjects were aware of the anti-pruritic action of prednisolone, but only 43% ( n = 40) have ever used it during malaria. Among the prednisolone users ( n = 40), 25 (62.5%) had total prevention, 25% ( n = 10) had marked pruritus attenuation, but no effect was seen in 12.5% ( n = 5). The modal prednisolone dose causing inhibition of itching was 10 mg orally given once. Concurrent prednisolone increased compliance with chloroquine in 68% of all who used the combination, and there was no evidence of malaria recurrence.
Interview: Transcript of Brian Mitchell's Testimony
Authors: Cooper S.
Published: January 2017

My initial impression of Brian Mitchell early in 1999 was of a defended individual presenting a somewhat rigid picture of what transpired when he gave the fateful command to attack the household in Trust Feeds in the Kwazulu/Natal midlands. His report tended to avoid some of the emotional consequences of his actions. He accepted responsibilityand was accurate in his depictions, but the timbres and nuances which psychologists are wont to grapple withwere essentially missing. Having interacted with some perpetrators, including those who had violated me, I felt impelled to invite Brian Mitchell to share what he had experienced and what he was at the time confronting. He accepted my invitation to an open-ended interviewin front of a diverse gathering of psychologists from nearly every comer of the globe at last year's IUPsyS Africa Regional Congress (which was co-sponsored by the IAAP, IACCP and PsySSA). This is a transcript of that interaction, which may provide other insights.
Assessment of Reserves in the WX-4 Wilcox Deltaic Sandstones in the Rio Grande Embayment
Authors: Lerche I.
Published: January 2017

An estimate is given of expected total gas reserves in place in the WX-4 Deltaic Sandstones of the Wilcox Formation in the Rio Grande Embayment based upon open-domain information taking into account detailed production figures from Wilcox reservoirs along the shelf trend.

The overall estimate would suggest that a total amount of gas in place is roughly between 5 to 23 TCF (at STP) with a likely value of 14 TCF. Since production statistics indicate 6 TCF already produced with an average depletion of 83%, for a total expected ultimate recoverable in known reservoirs of around 7.2 TCF, the implication is that a maximum of between 0 to 15 TCF remain to be discovered, with a most likely discoverable amount of 6-7 TCF.
Geopolitical Development outside the Middle East
Authors: Gart Murray J.
Published: January 2017

The passing of the threat of global conflict has been replaced by a world characterised by civil disorder and war in a number of countries which has implications for those engaged in the global energy business. Geopolitical considerations can be expected to be dominated by economic considerations and the slow recovery of the OECD nations from recession. Russian politics are driven by domestic constraints. Their continued decline in the oil industry is not likely to be reversed without massive investment.
Corporate Strategies in South America
Authors: Felter Peter
Published: January 2017

A country review shows that Argentina has been the first Latin American country to respond pragmatically to financial pressure. Peru appears prepared to take a similar radical approach. Brazil, Mexico and to a letter extent Venezuela, still protect a monopolistic state-owned oil industry which is a deterrent to foreign investment.
Outlook for Alberta Production and Deliverability in Relation to Domestic and Export Markets of Natural Gas
Authors: Frew Craig R.
Published: January 2017

Cautious optimism about the deliverability of Alberta natural gas during the 1993/1994 heating season is justified. There are not likely to be the shortages of the previous winter. These predictions are based on favourable reserve and production figures together with an increase in drilling activity. There are also more disciplined contracting practices and a positive outlook for available pipeline capacity.
Retirement, Nonmarket Valuation, and Partnership Contracts
Authors: Callen Jeffrey L. , Govindaraj Suresh , Sarath Bharat
Published: January 2017

This paper analyzes a potential hold-up problem facing a senior partner contemplating retiring from a partnership at some expected future time. Two scenarios are considered. In the first, the partner wishes to exit with a fixed amount in hand. In the second, he wishes to maximize his payoff from the partnership. It is shown how typical contractual features of partnership agreements, namely, profit distribution and buyback clauses, solve the retirement problem both for the case where a ready buyer is available at the expected exit time and, more importantly, for the case where the partnership is not freely marketable and the only potential buyer is another partner. Provided discount rates are assumed to be exogenous, this analysis also solves for the appropriate valuation discount to be applied to the value of a partnership (relative to an equivalent public company) as a consequence of the limited marketability of the partnership form.
Stationarity and Cointegration Tests of the Ohlson Model
Authors: Qi Daqing D. , Wu Y. Woody , Xiang Bing
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the time-series properties of the Ohlson (1995) model and examines their implications for empirical studies that use time-series data but do not explicitly account for such properties. Based on a sample of 95 firms with complete data from 1958 to 1994, we show that the null hypothesis that market value and book value are nonstationary cannot be rejected for most of the sample firms. More importantly, book value and residual income do not cointegrate with market value for 80 percent of the sample firms. We demonstrate the importance and relevance of the time-series properties of the model to OLS regressions by showing that the OLS out-of-sample forecasts of market value are significantly more accurate and less biased for the cointegrated firms than for the non-cointegrated firms. We also explore methods to improve the specification of OLS regressions based on the Ohlson (1995) model and suggest that scaling the variables with lagged market value can significantly alleviate the problem with nonstationarity of the unsealed time-series data.

While the generality of our results is limited by the survivorship bias of our sample, we believe that our paper has some important implications for studies motivated by the Ohlson (1995) model. First, because market value and book value are nonstationary and book value and residual income do not cointegrate with market value for most firms, the other information variable has to be nonstationary so that a linear combination of the independent variables can cointegrate with market value. Second, direct tests of the Ohlson (1995) model through OLS regressions using time-series data are questionable because they are likely to be misspecified. This may partially explain the underestimation of market value widely documented by previous studies and the significant difference between parameters predicted by the Ohlson (1995) model and estimated from OLS regressions. Third, our results also suggest that scaling the data with lagged market value can mitigate the problems with nonstationarity. For studies using unsealed time-series data, a cointegration test should be conducted first and a sensitivity analysis based on the cointegrated sub-sample should be performed to examine whether the results based on the full sample are robust.
Opportunities Knocking: Residual Income Valuation of an Adaptive Firm
Authors: Yee Kenton K.
Published: January 2017

Maintaining a competitive edge requires a firm to replace deteriorating business lines with new projects. Accordingly, part of a firm's value resides in its ability to exploit new opportunities. This paper incorporates adaptation into Ohlson's residual income valuation framework and obtains an adaptation-adjusted valuation formula. Although parsimoniously cast, the model makes two predictions that are consistent with phenomena reported in the empirical literature: earnings convexity and complementarity. Moreover, the Appendix introduces an Equivalence Theorem relating Modigliani-Miller dividend invariance, complementarity, and convexity.
The Feltham-Ohlson (1995) Model: Empirical Implications
Authors: Liu Jing , Ohlson James A.
Published: January 2017

This paper develops empirical implications of the Feltham and Ohlson (1995) model, which relates a firm's market value to accounting data and their expected realizations. The key issue concerns how one conceptualizes/measures a firm's expected growth to explain its market value when the model also includes more basic accounting measures reflecting its current performance. It is shown that market value can be expressed in terms of (1) financial assets (liabilities) with a coefficient of 1, (2) the expected change in operating earnings with a nonnegative coefficient, (3) the expected operating earnings with a positive coefficient, (4) current (net) operating assets with a nonnegative coefficient, and (5) the expected change in (net) operating assets with a positive coefficient. One identifies the measure of a firm's expected growth by normalizing the last variable with current (net) operating assets. The variable will be relevant if and only if the accounting is conservative.
The Predictive Value of Analyst Characteristics
Authors: Brown Lawrence D. , Mohd Emad
Published: January 2017

While numerous intuitively appealing characteristics of individual analyst earnings forecast accuracy have been identified, the extant literature has provided no evidence regarding the out-of-sample predictive validity of these characteristics. We examine whether these characteristics possess incremental predictive ability vis-à-vis forecast age, the control variable of these studies. We compare the predictive ability of a consensus forecast based solely on forecast age (Age) with that of a six-factor model consisting of forecast age plus five analyst characteristics suggested by the literature (Model). We use the dual evaluative criteria suggested by Foster (1977) and employed numerous times thereafter to assess predictive ability: (1) the ability to predict the next number in the time series and (2) the ability to approximate the capital market's earnings expectation.

We show that Age predicts as well as Model using both predictive ability criteria. Because Model consists of Age plus five other factors, it is cost-beneficial to use Age in lieu of Model for predictive purposes. FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2 (1980) identifies predictive value as a criterion of information relevance. We show that analyst characteristics have no relevance for the purpose of obtaining better predictions of the next quarterly earnings number vis-à-vis a simpler model based on forecast age. There are many reasons for identifying individual analyst-based characteristics, but predictive ability of the next quarterly number is not one of them.
Leading Indicators of Goodwill Impairment
Authors: Hayn Carla , Hughes Patricia J.
Published: January 2017

This paper examines whether financial disclosures on acquired entities allow investors to effectively predict goodwill impairment, a task that has become more important following the recent abolishment of goodwill amortization. In predicting goodwill impairment, we use variables relating to the postacquisition performance of the operating segment(s) to which the acquired company's assets are allocated as well as to the characteristics of the acquisition. We find that available disclosures do not provide financial statement users with information to adequately predict future write-offs of goodwill. In fact, the characteristics of the original acquisitions are more powerful predictors of eventual goodwill write-offs than those based on segment disclosures of the acquired entities' performance. We also find that goodwill write-offs lag behind the economic impairment of goodwill by an average of three to four years. For one-third of the companies examined, the delay can extend up to ten years. Although most of our analyses are conducted on goodwill generated before the introduction of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 (SFAS 142), certain features of the sample and the analysis suggest that the results are generalizable to the current reporting regime. Sensitivity tests on a smaller sample of goodwill write-offs made upon the adoption of SFAS 142 confirm this expectation.
The Impact of Nondisclosure of Geographic Segment Earnings on Earnings Predictability
Authors: Hope Ole-Kristian , Thomas Wayne B. , Winterbotham Glyn
Published: January 2017

We address whether nondisclosure of geographic segment earnings after implementation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131 (SFAS 131) has an impact on the earnings predictability of multinational companies. An understanding of how nondisclosure of accounting information affects the predictability of a firm's earnings will be of importance to financial statement users, managers, auditors, and standard setters. The quality of geographic disclosures is especially important as foreign operations represent a growing portion of many U.S. multinational companies and these operations can vary considerably on risk and return characteristics. Prior research has focused almost exclusively on issues involving line of business segment reporting after implementation of SFAS 131. However, SFAS 131 has noticeably affected geographic earnings disclosures. Firms that define their operating segments on any basis other than geographic area are no longer required to disclose geographic earnings. We find that nondisclosure of geographic earnings has no effect on analysts' forecast accuracy or dispersion. We conclude that the Financial Accounting Standards Board's decision to no longer require disclosure of geographic earnings for secondary segments has not hampered users' ability to predict earnings of U.S. multinational companies.
Local Effect of Burn Injury on Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism by Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Shangraw Robert E. , Turinsky Jiri
Published: January 2017

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that there is a difference in glucose. metabolism by skeletal muscles from the burned versus unburned regions of the body. To further investigate the effect of proximity to the burn wound on muscle metabolism, in vitro glucose uptake as well as lactic and amino acid releases by soleus muscle, were studied 3 days following a 3–second scald burn on one hind limb of the rat. No differences in glucose uptake or lactic and amino acid releases were observed between soleus from the unburned limb of burned rats and that of controls. In comparison to these two groups, soleus from the burned limb took up 125% more glucose (p < 0.001), and released 80% more lactic acid (p < 0.01), 229% more alanine (p < 0.001), 84% more glutamic acid (p < 0.01), and over 36% more glutamine (p < 0.05). The relatively enhanced release of lactic acid by soleus muscle from the burned limb was reduced but not eliminated by the omission of glucose from the medium. Simultaneously, the omission of glucose had no effect on the release of alanine, glutamic acid, and glutamine by the burned limb soleus. The data indicate that a mild thermal injury stimulates glucose utilization and enhances amino acid release by skeletal muscle from the burned region. Since such an effect is absent in muscle from the contralateral unburned region of the same animal, the changes are not likely to be mediated by systemic alterations in the metabolic and endocrine environment. The persistence of an enhanced amino acid release in the presence of varying glycolytic rates suggests that the burn‐induced local alterations in amino acid metabolism by skeletal muscle are independent of coincident changes in glucose utilization.
New Synthetic Substrates for Parenteral Feeding
Authors: Birkhahn Ronald H. , Long Calvin L. , Blakemore William S.
Published: January 2017

The glycerol esters of short and medium chain fatty acids are predicted to become important in future nutritional therapy. These compounds provide a mixture of carbohydrate and “carnitine‐independent” fat which, together, can serve more tissues than either substrate alone. Medium chain triglycerides are available for enteral feeding, and water‐soluble monoglycerides are suggested for parenteral feeding. Two mon‐oglycerides have been tested by continuous infusion into the rat and dog. Experimental evidence indicates rapid ester hydrolysis by endogenous mechanisms which release the basic components of the glycerides. Nutritional tests with these glycerides have produced results at least comparable to glucose as an energy source, and no toxicity has yet been noted. The data suggest that further investigations should be conducted on the benefits of these compounds.
Metabolic Response to Postoperative Parenteral Nutrition in Infants
Authors: Endo Masao , Katsumata Keizo
Published: January 2017

Thirty‐five infants who had tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal stenosis, anal atresia, or Hirschsprung;apos disease were managed with various types of parenteral solution after their radical operations. The infants were divided into 6 groups and given 1) the usual low calorie infusion consisting of 5% glucose, water, and electrolytes, 2) high calorie formula consisting of 21 g/kg/day glucose, and 4 g/kg/day synthesized crystalline L‐amino acids, 3) solutions without phosphate, 4) solutions of Cal/N ratio 200 providing 4 g/kg/day amino acids, 5) solutions of Cal/N ratio 400 providing 2 g/kg/day amino acids, and 6) a regimen containing fat emulsion. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose, plasma phosphate, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) values were investigated. Parenteral solutions, providing 100 Cal/kg/day of Cal/N ratio 200, yielded sufficient positive N balance (120 mg/kg/day average). High calorie solutions without phosphate caused marked hypophosphatemia (0.3 mEq/1) with undetectable P in 24–hr urine. P balance correlated with N balance. Solutions of Cal/N 400 induced a lower BUN level, although there was a cumulative negative N balance. Solutions of Cal/N 200 induced higher levels of IRI and lower blood glucose than those of Cal/N 400. Increased IRI response and remarkably decreased NEFA levels were seen in the group administered solutions without fat. Solutions with fat emulsion suppressed IRI response and improved the level of plasma NEFA.
The Effect of Icon Prediction on College Students' Recall of Icon Codes
Authors: Beck Ann R. , Thompson James R. , Clay Sandra L.
Published: January 2017

The influence of icon prediction and length of icon sequence on college students' recall of 24 ironically encoded messages was investigated. Findings indicated that using an icon prediction feature resulted in increased recall. The length of the icon sequence also had a significant effect on recall. Three-icon sequences were more easily recalled than two-icon sequences.