bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internacjonalizacja i usieciowienie jako czynniki wspierające innowacyjność produktową i procesową przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Szymura-Tyc Maja
Published: March 2018

Studia teoretyczne i badania empiryczne wskazują na powiązania między internacjonalizacją i innowacyjnością przedsiębiorstw. Istnieje również bogaty dorobek teoretyczny i badawczy podkreślający znaczenie powiązań sieciowych w procesie tworzenia innowacji. Brakuje jednak badań empirycznych, będących próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, który z tych dwóch czynników – internacjonalizacja czy usieciowienie – silniej wspiera innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw. Nie wiadomo także, który z dwóch podstawowych typów innowacyjności – innowacyjność produktowa czy innowacyjność procesowa – jest silniej powiązany z internacjonalizacją i usieciowieniem przedsiębiorstwa. Celem badań prezentowanych w tym artykule jest rozpoznanie charakteru i siły powiązań między internacjonalizacją i usieciowieniem a innowacyjnością produktową i procesową przedsiębiorstw w Polsce. Analiza statystyczna danych empirycznych z 274 przedsiębiorstw wskazuje, że internacjonalizacja oraz usieciowienie wspierają innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw, przy czym internacjonalizacja odgrywa tutaj rolę dominującą, sprzyjając zarówno innowacyjności procesowej, jak i produktowej.
Are Value At Risk And Maximum Drawdown Different From Volatility In Stock Market?
Authors: Kim Soo-Hyun
Published: March 2018

Measuring risk is the key component in many asset pricing models. Although volatility is the most widely used measure for the risk, Value at Risk (VaR) and Maximum drawdown (MDD) are also considered as alternative risk measure. This article questions whether VaR and MDD contain additional information to volatility in equity market. The empirical analysis is conducted using the stocks listed in Korean stock market. By constructing portfolios in accordance with three risk measures, cross-sectional predictability is tested. The primary findings are as follow; (1) the return patterns are bell shaped in all measures and (2) VaR and MDD do not capture additional risk factors after conditioning volatility.
Signing Auditor-Specific Characteristics And Audit Report Lag: A Research From Turkey
Authors: Ocak Murat , Ozden Evrim Altuk
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of signing auditor-specific characteristics on the audit report lag using 968 firm-year observations from Borsa İstanbul in the period 2008-2013. The main findings indicate that the gender and education level of signing auditor have a positive effect on audit report lag. Also big4 audit firms in Turkey encourage auditees to present financial statements timely and they play a substantial role in the reporting. Audit opinion directly affects audit report lag. Firm performance and firm age inversely affect audit report lag. Moreover, big 4’s female signing auditors lead to more audit delay. The higher educational level of signing auditors leads to more audit report lag. Signing auditors who hold master’s or Ph.D. degrees and also female signing auditors are associated with more audit report lag in firms audited by big4 and non-big4 firms.
Labor Productivity In Emerging Markets: Evidence From Brazil, China, India, And Russia (BRIC)
Authors: Kang Young-Hee , Na Kyunga , Kim Yang Sok
Published: March 2018

Despite the great amount of attention to emerging markets, much still remains unknown about firm performance in emerging economies. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate factors that influence labor productivity of firms in Brazil, China, India, and Russia (BRIC countries). This study focuses on features of business environments of emerging markets such as informality, corruption, foreign ownership, and external audit. Using a cross-national sample of 8,885 firms from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys dataset, we find that informality is negatively associated with labor productivity, while corruption and external audit are positively related to labor productivity. Implications will be discussed.
Persuasive Impact Of Fit Between Regulatory Focus And Message Framing On Consumer Responses: Message Strength And Choice For Others
Authors: Choi Jieun
Published: March 2018

Previous research on message framing has argued that fit between message framing and consumer regulatory focus influences consumer response. That is, positive frames are more persuasive for promotion-focused individuals, while negative frames are more persuasive for prevention-focused individuals. This research aims to expand the scope of previous research on message framing and argues that the match-up effect between message framing and regulatory focus, an effect established in previous research, is dependent on the strength of the message. This research further argues that the match-up effect patterns between message framing and regulatory focus differ based on whether or not consumers are making a purchase for themselves or for others. Specifically, this research hypothesizes that prevention-focused individuals tend to focus on uncertainty or risks related to choice for others and exhibit low levels of purchase intention regardless of message framing under the condition of making a purchase for others. This research also proposes that promotion-focused individuals tend to focus more on potential positive outcomes rather than negative risks when making a choice for others, resulting in a higher purchase intention regardless of message framing. That is, under the condition of making a purchase for others, the match-up effect of message framing and regulatory focus is rendered void. This research expands the scope of existing research on message framing and provides practical implications for marketing practitioners.
How Leaders Generate Meanings For Monetary Rewards
Authors: Shang Yufan , Xu Jun , Li Fuli , Zhao Xinyu , Li Haiyun
Published: March 2018

Scant research has focused on how to increase the value of monetary rewards when they are delivered by leaders to employees. Drawing upon the perspectives of sensegiving and sensemaking, this study explores how leaders generate meanings of monetary rewards perceived by employee recipients in organizational settings. Using a qualitative method design and analyzing qualitative data from 291 incidents, we found that in the distribution process of monetary rewards, sensemaking of employees included strong and weak instrumental meanings as well as symbolic meanings. The results show that leaders adopted a set of sensegiving strategies in distributing monetary rewards including emphasizing money gain/loss and utility, providing feedback, valuing employees, orienting toward the future, guiding values, and publicizing. In the presence of leader’s sensegiving, employee recipients endorsed more positive symbolic meanings of monetary rewards (i.e., recognition and respect). Our research offers a richer view of the role of leader’s sensegiving in making monetary rewards gain more value through employees’ sensemaking, and enriches understanding of monetary rewards, leadership, sensegiving and sensemaking.
A sociologia clínica no Brasil
Authors: Nunes Christiane Girard Ferreira , Silva Pedro Henrique Isaac
Published: March 2018

Este  artigo  se propõe a refletir a respeito da  sociologia clínica no  Brasil,  trazendo inicialmente uma  análise da história de sua construção no âmbito internacional, evi- denciando o seu desenvolvimento no contexto da sociologia francesa, onde a sociolo- gia clínica encontrou maior  ressonância e construiu um campo mais estruturado. No âmbito de suas  contribuições teóricas e metodológicas para  a sociologia em geral,  a sociologia clínica se propõe a realizar três reflexões primordiais: a análise das articu- lações  entre  os determinismos sociais  e os determinismos psíquicos; a questão do su- jeito nas ciências humanas e sociais;  a abordagem clínica como  condição necessária ao desenvolvimento de uma  sociologia crítica. Partindo das principais questões que norteiam o campo, como a noção  da intervenção, e de como ele se construiu interna- cionalmente, analisamos o modo  como a sociologia clínica se desenvolveu no Brasil, bem como  os limites e desafios para  o seu desenvolvimento; questões essas  que não limitam nem  desafiam apenas a abordagem sociológica clínica, mas  que  perpassam as ciências sociais  de maneira mais ampla.
Governo, gestão de populações e subjetividades: balanço e perspectivas analíticas
Authors: Miagusko Edson , Jardim Fabiana A. A. , Côrtes Mariana
Published: March 2018

Apresentamos um  balanço do debate acadêmico sobre  governo  das  populações nas  periferias. Nacionalmente, argumentamos com  base  nas  apostas analíticas e políticas: a promessa de in- tegração das  populações marginais pela  mediação dos direitos sociais  dos 1980;  o desmanche neoliberal e o fim da hipótese superadora dos 1990; nos 2000, a compreensão de que a governa- mentalidade neoliberal opera  pela  multiplicação de regimes de governos. Internacionalmente, exploramos três  eixos  teórico-conceituais: a teoria  da  marginalidade; o conceito de  governa- mentalidade e as antropologias do Estado.  Destacamos, nos avanços, a atenção à complexidade de configurações históricas e a superação de fronteiras disciplinares rígidas, o que  permite re- compor perspectivas menos particulares e a constituição de novas  ferramentas de análise para pensar a experiência brasileira.
Convergência entre as Taxas de Mortalidade Infantil e os Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2010
Authors: Rodrigues Martins Paulo Cezar , Jardim Cury Pontes Elenir Rose , Higa Leandro Tsuneki
Published: March 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a convergência entre a diminuição da Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil e o aumento do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal nas Grandes Regiões e Unidades da Federação no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2010. O tipo de estudo adotado foi o ecológico. Conclui-se que houve redução das Taxas de Mortalidade Infantil e aumento do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, de forma não homogênea nas áreas de estudo.
“Adoro, faço com carinho, com amor”: reza e benzeção em Irati, PR
Authors: Gonçalves William Franco , De Oliveira Oséias
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo, utilizando a metodologia da História Oral, busca analisar a trajetória de vida da benzedeira Leoni, moradora da cidade de Irati, PR, com seus mais de sessenta anos de experiência nesse universo da benzeção. Leoni é umas das benzedeiras mais procuradas pelos moradores da cidade e até de outros municípios, chegando a receber em sua própria casa até cento e vinte pessoas em apenas um dia.
Tutorial on EM Algorithm
Authors: Nguyen Loc
Published: March 2018

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a popular method for parameter estimation in both applied probability and statistics but MLE cannot solve the problem of incomplete data or hidden data because it is impossible to maximize likelihood function from hidden data. Expectation maximum (EM) algorithm is a powerful mathematical tool for solving this problem if there is a relationship between hidden data and observed data. Such hinting relationship is specified by a mapping from hidden data to observed data or by a joint probability between hidden data and observed data. In other words, the relationship helps us know hidden data by surveying observed data. The essential ideology of EM is to maximize the expectation of likelihood function over observed data based on the hinting relationship instead of maximizing directly the likelihood function of hidden data. Pioneers in EM algorithm proved its convergence. As a result, EM algorithm produces parameter estimators as well as MLE does. This tutorial aims to provide explanations of EM algorithm in order to help researchers comprehend it.
Genealogy as a Solution in Education
Authors: Noble Malcolm
Published: March 2018

Genealogy contributes to learning by developing critical thinking skills. A review of three classics of genealogical literature, matched against modern tutors, confirmed that the validation and evaluation of information and the management of hypotheses have long been the core skills for family historians. A consultation with 100 genealogists revealed a preference for task orientated learning, often alone, in a self-contained environment. Reference to learning theory suggested that Genealogical Studies could be usefully offered to under achieving students in general education who respond to these conditions.
Application of Optical Density in Evaluating Performance of Evolutionary Modified Perlite in Water Reclamation
Authors: Taheri Fard Ali Reza
Published: March 2018

Water treatment efficiency of several filter media such as perlite, modified (silicated) perlite, zeolite and sand were studied on wastewater. This study contains 2 distinct experiments which the first one emphasize on the modified perlite’s performance in removing turbidity which has been gone through 3 phases including low turbidity model water, mid turbidity and high turbidity model water; the second experiment underlines the differentiation between 3 evolutionary material based on perlite which undergoes the filtration process with certain turbid model water. It was dedicated that modified perlite removed more than 90% of turbidity and it functions better than other materials with high turbidity (more than100 NTU). The experiments have been conducted with sodium silicate perlite, normal perlite and synthetic zeolite perlite in order to determine the optimized material which is able to be substituted with perlite in the filtration process.
Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Plant Sterols in One Serve of Wholegrain Wheat Breakfast Cereal Biscuits-a Randomised Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Clifton Peter , Keogh Jennifer
Published: March 2018

Meta-analysis of plant sterol supplement studies suggests an 8% lowering of LDL cholesterol for 2 to 2.5g/day of plant sterols. Cereal foods have been rarely tested and one study showed a lower LDL lowering of 5.4% with 1.6g of plant sterol in breakfast cereal. We aimed to test a breakfast wheat biscuit with 2g of plant sterols in a single serve of two wholegrain wheat breakfast cereal biscuits. Fifty volunteers with a total cholesterol of >5.5mmol/L were recruited for a randomised crossover study with two 4-week periods with no washout of which 45 successfully completed the study. After exclusion of four outliers the difference in LDL cholesterol between standard wholegrain wheat breakfast cereal biscuit and plant sterol-enriched wholegrain wheat breakfast cereal biscuit was 0.23 mmol/L or 5.6% (P=0.001) with a 95% confidence interval of 2.4-8.9%. Men and daily cereal consumers had greater responses 9.8% vs 3.6% and 7.2% vs 3.8% respectively (P<0.05). The LDL lowering effect of 2g of plant sterol enriched from one serve of wholegrain wheat breakfast cereal biscuit was not significantly different from other food products delivering 2-2.5g of plant sterols daily. Regular cereal consumers have a better response.
Children and Caregivers' Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES): Association with Children's and Caregivers' Psychological Outcomes in a Therapeutic Preschool Program
Authors: Ziv Yair , Sofri Inbar , Capps Umphlet Kristen L. , Olarte Stephanie , Venza Jimmy
Published: March 2018

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) has been found to have a profound negative impact on multiple child outcomes, including academic achievement, social cognition patterns, and behavioral adjustment. However, these links have yet to be examined in preschool children that are already experiencing behavior or social-emotional problems. Thus, the present study examined the links between the caregiver's and the child's exposure to ACE and multiple child and caregiver's outcomes in a sample of 30 preschool children enrolled in a Therapeutic Nursery Program (TNP). Children are typically referred to this TNP due to significant delays in their social emotional development that often result in difficulty functioning in typical childcare, home, and community settings. Analyses revealed some contradictory patterns that may be specific to this clinical sample. Children with higher exposure to ACE showed more biased social information processing patterns and their caregivers reported lower child social skills than caregivers of children with less exposure, however their inhibitory control levels were higher (better control) and staff reported that these children exhibited better social skills as well as better approaches to learning than children with less exposure. No such contradictions were found in relation to the caregiver's exposure to ACE, as it was positively associated with a number of negative child and caregiver outcomes.
Resilience Planning, a Facilitated Modelling Approach
Authors: Herrera Hugo , Kopainsky Birgit
Published: March 2018

Resilience has emerged as a buzzword among researchers and practitioners. However, despite its popularity, there has been little progress in moving it from an elaborate metaphor describing an idyllic state of the system to a tool for planning and managing adaptation. While case study research is rich with examples of systems that have proven to be resilient or are striving to develop resilience, there is no defined approach that operationalises concepts described in the literature into the planning process. This paper helps close this gap by illustrating how facilitated modelling can be used for resilience planning in socio-ecological systems. The paper summarizes our experience using facilitated system dynamics to inform a model-based discussion of food security resilience to climate change in Guatemala. We identify at least three positive outcomes from the intervention, which a) helped to build consensus about the meaning of resilience, b) improved stakeholders understanding of adaptation and c) outlined potential policies to enhance resilience.
Multifunctional Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Power Quality Improvement
Authors: Tien Dung Vo , Gono Radomir , Leonowicz Zbigniew
Published: March 2018

Power quality is a major concern in electrical power systems. The power quality disturbances such as sags, swells, harmonic distortion and other interruptions have impact on the electrical devices and machines and in severe cases can cause serious damages. Therefore it is required to recognize and compensate all types of disturbances at an earliest to ensure normal and efficient operation of the power system. To solve these problems, many types of power devices are used. At the present time, one of those devices, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is the most efficient and effective device used in power distribution system. In this paper, design and modeling of a new structure of multifunctional DVR for voltage correction is presented. The performance of the device under different conditions such as voltage swell, voltage sag due to symmetrical and unsymmetrical short circuit, starting of motors, and voltage distortion are described. Simulation result shows the superior capability of proposed DVR to improve power quality under different operating conditions. The proposed new DVR controller is able to detect the voltage disturbances and control the converter to inject appropriate voltages independently for each phase and compensate to load voltage through three single- phase transformers.
Los cuatro estratos de Roman Ingarden como fundamento teórico para el análisis de las traducciones literarias
Authors: HERMOSILLO LÓPEZ ALFREDO
Published: March 2018

Este artículo analiza la teoría de los cuatro estratos del filósofo polaco Roman Ingarden. Tiene el propósito de mostrar que sus conceptos sobre la lectura activa y la obra de arte literaria, además de ser el punto de partida de los estudios de recepción desarrollados más ampliamente por Hans-Robert Jauss y Wolfgang Iser, pueden utilizarse como fundamento teórico para el análisis de traducciones literarias.
KONSEP SYIRKAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Susanto Hanafi Hadi
Published: March 2018

Semakin ketatnya persaingan dunia bisnis salah satunya adalah Perbankan Syariah, maka semakin berkembang pula produk-produk di dalamnya. Salah satu produk perbankan syariah yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat dan saling menguntungkan antara nasabah dengan pihak bank adalah pembiayaan dengan akad musyarakah.Akad musyarakah saat ini cenderung sering dilakukan oleh para pengusaha dimana mereka ingin mengembangkan usahanya.Karena akad musyarakah adalah kerugian ditanggung masing-masing pihak, modal ditanggung bersama, pengelola bisa satu pihak dan juga kedua pihak sehingga tergantung kesepakatan awal, keuntungan dibagi dua sesuai kesepakatan di awal.
Génesis 3: sabiduría y mito
Authors: Londoño Juan Esteban
Published: March 2018

Se aborda el relato de Edén y la Caída (Génesis 3) desde una perspectiva mítica.En diálogo hermenéutico con textos de nuevos descubrimientos de las cienciasbíblicas, esta propuesta se aleja de la interpretación tradicional, centrada enla culpa y la condenación, para apoyarse en una teología de la gratuidad y en lanarración originaria de un relato liberador de sabiduría.
Complex Nature of Neural Tube Defects: A Regional Experience
Authors: Turhan Emrah , Varol Fusun G , Gurkan Hakan , Sayin Cenk N.
Published: March 2018

Objective: The underlying gene-environment interaction of fetal neural tube defects is affected by several factors including geography, ethnicity and time. Local features of fetal neural tube defects were described.Study Design: A prospective cohort study of 48 fetal neural tube defects in a single tertiary medical center at the northwestern region of Turkey (2013-2015) was done via ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional karyotyping, maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase c.677C>T (rs1801133) single-nucleotide polymorphism and maternal serum levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc. For comparison of means, a Student’s T-Test was used.Results: The prevalence of neural tube defects was 11.4 per 10000 births (48/42000) in northwestern Turkey. The defects on the cranium (n=23; 47.9%) and spine (n=25; 52.1%) were ultrasonographically detected. MRI did not give additional benefit over the ultrasonography. The ratio of associated anomalies in neural tube defect group was 25%. Two fetal neural tube defects with Down syndrome were remarkable. The rate of homozygous methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase c.677C > T SNPs among the mothers of neural tube defect fetuses (n=20) was 15%. Comparing with gestationally matched healthy pregnancies, although maternal BMIs and periconceptional folate intake of neural tube defect group were significantly different, maternal serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc levels were similar.Conclusion: The northwestern region appeared to be a relatively low prevalence area of Turkey for fetal neural tube defects. Any association with maternal serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and zinc levels could not be shown in this region.
Estimation of return period and its uncertainty for the recent 2013–2015 drought in the Han River watershed in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jin-Young , So Byung-Jin , Kwon Hyun-Han , Kim Tae-Woong , Lee Joo-Heon
Published: March 2018

This study introduces an approach to copula model parameter estimation within a Bayesian framework. The model is applied to estimate the return periods of the 2013–2015 drought in the Han River watershed (South Korea) as observed through a network of 18 rainfall stations in the watershed. For the univariate return periods, some of the 2013–2015 drought durations (i.e., 9–24 months) have return periods of around 30 years while the drought severities (which range from about 400 to 1,400 mm) at certain stations might be regarded as extreme events with return periods in the hundreds of years. The recent drought is extraordinary at many stations in the Han River watershed although the associated uncertainty is quite large (e.g., for the Seoul station, a range of about 180 to 2,250 years). Moreover, it is clearly seen that the unprecedented joint return periods of the 2013–2015 drought at many stations are consistent with the very high drought severity. The joint return period of the drought duration and severity is above 100 years for many of the stations and upwards of 1,000 years for a few stations.
One-pot Synthesis of Novel 2-pyrazolo-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones Using DSDABCOC as an Effective Media
Authors: Taherkhorsand Hasti , Nikpassand Mohammad
Published: March 2018

Background:

Thiazolidine compounds are known to show interesting pharmacological
activity. In particular, they are used as antiseizure, fungicidal, anti-bacterial, antitubercular, antiinflammatory,
antiamoebic, anti-diabetic and local anesthetic agents. Some of these compounds have
also shown antiparkinsonism, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, hypoglycemic and non-narcotic analgesic
activities. On the other hand, pyrazoles have shown antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, antifungal,
anti-tubercular, antiparasitic, anesthetic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and insecticidal
activities. In order to improve the pharmacological effects of thiazolidine-4-ones, new pyrazole
derivatives have been synthesized.

Material and Methods:

A mixture of pyrazolcarbaldehydes, anilines, thioglycolic acid and
DSDABCOC was stirred at room temperature for the required reaction times. The progress of the
reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc: petroleum ether 1:3). After completion of the reaction as
indicated by TLC, the ionic liquid was separated by extraction with 2×15 mL of water. The solid
residue was separated by column chromatography. The product was recrystallized from EtOH. The
pure products were collected in 82-92% yields.

Results:

In continuation of our ongoing studies to synthesize heterocyclic and pharmaceutical
compounds under mild and practical protocols, we wish to report herein our experimental results on
the ultrasound promoted synthesis of 2-pyrazolo-3-phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones using various
synthesized pyrazolecarbaldehydes, anilines and thioglycolic acid at room temperature. The results
illustrated that ionic liquid DSDABCOC certainly improved the yield of the products and reduced
the reaction time.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, we have developed an efficient and simple protocol for the synthesis of
novel pyrazolo-1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones using DSDABCOC as an ionic liquid. The easy workup
together with the use of inexpensive, reusable and eco-friendly ionic liquid is the notable feature of
this novel procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis of a new
library of 1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones bearing a pyrazolyl moiety that enhances the biological activity
under solvent-free conditions.
A Phosphine-mediated Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetra-substituted Nhydroxypyrroles from α-oximino Ketones and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates Under Ionic Liquid Green-media
Authors: Shahvelayati Ashraf S. , Ghazvini Maryam , Yadollahzadeh Khadijeh , Delbari Akram S.
Published: March 2018

Background:

The development of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in the presence of
task-specific ionic liquids (ILs), used not only as environmentally benign reaction media, but also as
catalysts, is a new approach that meet with the requirements of sustainable chemistry.

In recent years, the use of ionic liquids as a green media for organic synthesis has become a chief
study area. This is due to their unique properties such as non-volatility, non-flammability, chemical
and thermal stability, immiscibility with both organic compounds and water and recyclability. Ionic
liquids are used as environmentally friendly solvents instead of hazardous organic solvents.

Objective:

We report the condensation reaction between α-oximinoketone and dialkyl acetylene
dicarboxylate in the presence of triphenylphosphine to afford substituted pyrroles under ionic liquid
conditions in good yields.

Result:

Densely functionalized pyrroles was easily prepared from reaction of α-oximinoketones,
dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylate in the presence of triphenylphosphine in a quantitative yield under
ionic liquid conditions at room temperature.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ionic liquids are indicated as a useful and novel reaction medium for the
selective synthesis of functionalized pyrroles. This reaction medium can replace the use of hazardous
organic solvents. Easy work-up, synthesis of polyfunctional compounds, decreased reaction time,
having easily available-recyclable ionic liquids, and good to high yields are advantages of present
method.
Identificación preliminar in vitro de propiedades probióticas en cepas de S. cerevisiae
Authors: Rubio M Ana , Hernández E María , Aguirre R Andréa , Poutou P Raúl
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Evaluar preliminarmente in vitro algunas propiedades probióticas de dos cepas nativas de S.cerevisiae. Materiales y métodos. Las cepas fueron utilizadas en ensayos de tolerancia a sales biliares, pH, temperatura, adherencia a Salmonella spp., E.coli y Shigella spp., y antagonismo. Se realizó un diseño factorial 33 x 3, con tres niveles de cada factor (cepa, pH y concentración inicial de sustrato) por triplicado, para establecer las condiciones de cultivo de cada cepa. Como control se empleó una cepa comercial (B). La cepa seleccionada se empleó para la producción en biorreactor de 2L; la biomasa fue sometida a secado por temperatura; al producto resultante se le determinó concentración de N2 y la viabilidad celular. Resultados. La cepa A (obtenida de caña de azúcar), toleró pH 3 ± 0.2, 0.3% (p/v) de sales biliares y 42oC. El ANOVA del diseño factorial reportó diferencias significativas entre los 27 ensayos (p≤0.05), el análisis de superficies reportó que la interacción entre los factores cepa y Sustrato (S0) son significativos, sugiriendo para la optimización la cepa A y concentraciones crecientes de S0. Los resultados se reprodujeron en biorreactor con mx 0.31h-1, td 2.18h y Y(x/s) 0.126g/g; la biomasa seca obtenida fue viable y reportó entre 6.3 y 6.9% N2/g. Conclusiones. Se identificaron levaduras nativas con propiedades probióticas como tolerancia a pH, sales biliares, temperatura y adherencia a Salmonella spp., E.coli y Shigella spp.
Purificación de IgY contra la subunidad nr3 del receptor nmda de cerebro de rata
Authors: Méndez Gina , Reyes Edgar , Poutou Raúl , Quevedo Balkys , Lareo Leonardo
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Obtener anticuerpos tipo IgY contra péptidos sintéticos de las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA de ratas, para reconocer y seguir la expresión de estas subunidades en extractos de cerebro de rata de diferentes edades. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñaron dos péptidos empleando los sistemas de la base de datos Entrez y el programa ClustalWPBIL de alineamientos múltiples contra las subunidades NR3A y NR3B del receptor NMDA; una vez sintetizados por el método SSPS-fmoc fueron utilizados para inocular gallinas (Gallus gallus, variedad Hy Line Brown) de 16 semanas de edad; al cabo de 57 días postinoculación se purificó IgY específica y se enfrentaron a extractos de cerebro de rata postnatal y adulta. Resultados. Se detectaron las subunidades NR3A y NR3B y se relacionó su expresión con la edad del animal; siendo mayor la expresión de la subunidad NR3A en extracto de cerebro de rata postnatal. No se encontró diferencia marcada en la expresión de la subunidad NR3B en las edades mencionadas. Conclusiones. Esta es la primera investigación que emplea proteína nativa para el reconocimiento de la subunidad NR3 del receptor NMDA, lo cual muestra la especificidad de los anticuerpos generados y contribuye con el entendimiento de las funciones de este receptor y su relación con la regulación de la memoria espacial
Seroprevalencia del virus de la leucosis viral bovina en animales con trastornos reproductivos de Montería
Authors: Betancur César , Rodas G Juan
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de Leucosis Viral Bovina (LVB) en animales con trastornos reproductivos. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 137 muestras de sangre de hembras con antecedentes de infertilidad, pertenecientes a 28 fincas distribuidas en el municipio de Montería; adicionalmente, se obtuvieron muestras al azar de 26 toros pertenecientes a las mismas fincas que fueron analizadas para anticuerpos contra LVB. La técnica serológica empleada fue la prueba de ELISA. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo tabulando la información con datos de seropositividad y seronegatividad obtenidos de cada animal; los resultados se interpretaron de acuerdo a las variables: raza, edad, sexo, zona, tipo de explotación y evento o problema reproductivo detectado. Para determinar la asociación entre seropositividad y cada una de las variables se utilizó la prueba de χ 2 . Resultados. Las pruebas arrojaron una seroprevalencia del 21% para LVB. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de prevalencia asociadas a las variables raza, edad o estado reproductivo de los animales (p≥0.05), pero si entre la presencia de anticuerpos contra LVB y las variables zona, tipo de explotación y sexo. Conclusiones. Se demuestra la circulación del virus de la LVB en Montería, (Colombia). Se confirma la importancia de implementar un programa de control y prevención de la diseminación de la infección, con el fin de evitar las pérdidas económicas asociadas, y dentro de lo posible, la eliminación de los especímenes seropositivos para lograr la erradicación de la infección en esta zona del país
Neoplasias testiculares en caninos: un caso de tumor de células de Sertoli
Authors: Eslava Pedro , Torres Giovanny
Published: March 2018

Las neoplasias del testículo no son muy frecuentes en los animales domésticos Los caninos son los que las manifiestan con mayor frecuencia; estando entre los 0.7 y 4.6% de todos los tumores que sufren. Algunos factores se han asociado como predisponentes: entre ellos la edad madura y la presencia del criptorquidia uni o principalmente bilateral. Las neoplasias del testículo más frecuente son el tumor de células de Sertoli, el tumor de células de Leydig y los seminomas, que en general presentan la conducta benigna. El tratamiento recomendado previa evaluación clínica, es la orquiectomía (uni o bilateral), incluidos en los casos de criptorquidismo el testículo alojado en el escroto. En el presente manuscrito se realiza una revisión del tema en su primera parte; en la segunda, se describe el caso de un tumor de células del Sertoli en un canino Cocker que presentó al examen clínico un testículo retenido y síndrome feminizante. En este se caso se efectuó el diagnóstico histopatológico después de la extracción quirúrgica de la masa abdominal y también se realizó la extirpación del testículo alojado en el escroto.
Digital Gaming for Nutritional Education: A Survey on Preferences, Motives, and Needs of Children and Adolescents (Preprint)
Authors: Holzmann Sophie Laura , Dischl Felicitas , Schäfer Hanna , Groh Georg , Hauner Hans , Holzapfel Christina
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Use of novel information and communication technologies are frequently discussed as promising tools to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE

This survey aims to describe the preferences, motives, and needs of children and adolescents regarding nutrition and digital games.

METHODS

We conducted a survey in 6 secondary schools in the southern region of Germany using a 43-item questionnaire. Questions referred to preferences, motives, and needs of children and adolescents regarding nutrition and digital games. In addition, knowledge regarding nutrition was assessed with 4 questions. We collected self-reported sociodemographic and anthropometric data. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

RESULTS

In total, 293 children and adolescents participated in the study, with ages 12-18 years (137 girls, 46.8%), weight 30.0-120.0 (mean 60.2 [SD 13.2]) kg, and height 1.4-2.0 (mean 1.7 [SD 0.1]) m. A total of 5.5% (16/290) correctly answered the 4 questions regarding nutrition knowledge. Study participants acquired digital nutritional information primarily from the internet (166/291, 57.0%) and television (97/291, 33.3%), while school education (161/291, 55.3%) and parents or other adults (209/291, 71.8%) were the most relevant nondigital information sources. Most participants (242/283, 85.5%) reported that they regularly play digital games. More than half (144/236, 61.0%) stated that they play digital games on a daily basis on their smartphones or tablets, and almost 70% (151/282, 66.5%) reported playing digital games for ≤30 minutes without any interruption. One-half of respondents (144/280, 51.4%) also stated that they were interested in receiving information about nutrition while playing digital games.

CONCLUSIONS

This survey suggests that nutrition knowledge in children and adolescents might be deficient. Most children and adolescents play digital games and express interest in acquiring nutritional information during digital gameplay. A digital game with a focus on sound nutrition could be a potential educational tool for imparting nutrition knowledge and promoting healthier nutrition behaviors in children and adolescents.
What Role for Republicanism? A Reply to Andrew Fraser
Authors: Williams George
Published: March 2018

Andrew Fraser has made a valuable contribution to the debate over the role of republicanism in Australia. He has raised an important, and generally ignored, question: would Keating's model for an Australian republic achieve a republican republic? A corollary of this is a further question: is it in any event desirable that an Australian republic be based upon the strong republicanism favoured by Fraser? On the former question, I would agree with Fraser that Keating's model would not imbue the Australian nation with Fraser's version of republicanism and that, if Fraser's version of republicanism were to be accepted, Australia would remain an unrepublican republic. However, as to the latter question, we would disagree. Fundamentally, I do not see Fraser's version of strong republicanism as being viable.

Fraser has significantly broadened the discussion of republicanism and has widened perceptions of what the ideology, for want of a better word, might encompass. However, while much of his criticism of my article, “A Republicanism Tradition for Australia?”, is explicable on the basis that he and I obviously share very different starting-points and approaches, I feel that he has misconstrued my argument in some respects.
Claims against the Commonwealth and States and Their Instrumentalities in Federal Jurisdiction: Section 64 of the Judiciary Act
Authors: Kneebone Susan
Published: March 2018

Two recent decisions of the High Court, Mutual Pools and Staff Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (Mutual Pools) and Georgiadis v Australian and Overseas Telecommunication Corporation (Georgiadis) have re-opened the debate about the source of the Commonwealth's liability to be sued in civil proceedings. The debate can be expressed in this form: does that liability arise from the Constitution so as to confer a constitutionally guaranteed right to sue the Commonwealth (the “constitutional argument”) or does it arise from rights conferred by s 64 of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth) — possibly in combination with “rights to proceed” allowed by the Constitution? In practical terms this is a difference between entrenching the Commonwealth's liability in the Constitution or acknowledging that those “rights to proceed” can be removed by Commonwealth legislation preventing action against it.
Introduction and Overview
Authors: Creyke Robin
Published: March 2018

This special edition of the Federal Law Review, in the 50th Anniversary year of the Australian National University, contains a study of recent developments in administrative law. The conference at which these papers were presented was part of the first Public Law Weekend hosted by the Centre for International and Public Law in the Law Faculty, and held on 30-31 August 1996. Speakers included eminent administrative law academics from the Australian National University, the University of Sydney and the University of Western Australia, together with legal practitioners and prominent figures from State and Commonwealth public administration. The conference had been preceded by a half-day seminar to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Report of the Commonwealth Administrative Review Committee (the “Kerr Committee”), one of the foundation documents setting out the blueprint for Commonwealth administrative law.

Speakers at the Public Law Weekend were asked to identify significant developments over the range of government activities which are subject to administrative law. The four sessions, therefore, covered decisions by the newer investigative and inquisitorial bodies; by courts exercising judicial review; by the now firmly entrenched, but disparate, family of tribunals; and, finally, by those bodies creating the jurisprudence relating to access to government information.
Co-Operative Federalism in Australia and the European Union: Cross-Pollinating the Green Ideal
Authors: Longo Michael
Published: March 2018

Whilst the European Union (EU) does not compare easily with any other political/legal entity, including the Australian federation, both are concerned with the designation of powers and responsibilities to appropriate political institutions at various levels. In both the EU and Australia, environmental law can potentially be generated at two levels at least: national and supra-national, or State and Commonwealth, respectively. Whilst the legislative competence of the EU and the Commonwealth, with respect to certain defined environmental matters, has been confirmed beyond doubt,4 debate is still focused on the desirability or otherwise of an expansion of environmental competence for the central authority.
Do Hard Laws Make Bad Cases? — The High Court's Decision in Kable V Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW)
Authors: Handsley Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

In 1994 the New South Wales Parliament passed an extraordinary piece of legislation, the demise of which one is hard-pressed to mourn. Be that as it may, the means by which that demise was achieved are hardly to be celebrated, as the High Court decision which accomplished the task represents a further entrenchment of the unfortunate doctrine of “incompatibility” introduced the previous year in Grollo v Palmer and Others. In short, the decision in Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) extends the doctrine of incompatibility to State courts so that State parliaments, although they remain entitled to usurp the functions of those courts, cannot assign to those courts any powers whose exercise is incompatible with the judicial power of the Commonwealth vested in those courts by Commonwealth legislation. In this respect, the decision represents the worst of both worlds by placing severe limitations on State courts without any corresponding limitations on State parliaments (except to the extent they may wish to confer powers on the courts in question). The result is that the States have judiciaries which are half-independent, and that half is the less important half.
Patent Claims for Analogous Use and the Threshold Requirement of Inventiveness
Authors: Brennan David J , Christie Andrew F
Published: March 2018

Invented by Thomas Edison, the electric light bulb was the subject-matter of United States Patent Number 223,898 granted on 27 January 1880. The electric light bulb has come to be recognised universally as the symbol of invention. Patent claims providing for a compact fluorescent light bulb have, over one hundred years later in the N. V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken and Another v Mirabella International Pty Ltd litigation, been held by a court at first instance and two appeal courts to be not claims for a “patentable invention” under s 18 of the Patents Act 1990 (Cth).

Anglo-Australian patent law has been vigilant to deny patentability where, on the face of the specification, a claim is “nothing but a claim for the use of a known material in the manufacture of known articles for a purpose of which its known properties make that material suitable” — referred to herein as an “analogous use” claim.
Citizenship and the Constitutional Convention Debates: A Mere Legal Inference
Authors: Rubenstein Kim
Published: March 2018

“Again, I ask are we to have a Commonwealth citizenship? If we are, why is it not to be implanted in the Constitution? Why is it to be merely a legal inference?”

These exasperated words were uttered by John Quick on Wednesday, 2nd March, 1898, in the concluding stages of the Australasian Federal Convention Debates that led to the formation of the Australian Constitution. Quick wanted a definition of citizenship in the Constitution. The Commonwealth, he argued, should have power to deal with Commonwealth citizenship, and membership of the Commonwealth; he advocated a “common citizenship for the whole of the Australian Commonwealth”. His proposals were rejected.
Analysis of related party transactions in India: A group and non-group company perspective
Authors: Mahtani Umesh S.
Published: March 2018

Related party transactions (RPTs) which occur between related companies which are commonly reported in published financial reports. Regulations have been enforced by authorities globally, to control and prevent misuse of these types of transactions through extensive disclosure requirements. Research on RPTs in a country is important as it gives an indication of the usage of these transactions by companies during their operations. These transactions need to be tracked as they could be for legitimate reasons or for influencing the performance reports, thereby misleading potential global investors. This paper examines 1) the impact of increased regulatory requirements introduced in India for disclosure of RPTs by listed companies and 2) the usage pattern of RPTs by companies which are part of a Group, as compared to those of standalone companies. Analysis of RPTs reported by 78 non-financial companies (part of the Bombay Stock Exchange Index 100) shows an increasing trend for RPTs reported for the period 2013-15, as compared to 2009-12. This trend is an indication that the regulatory requirements in India through the new Companies Act 2013, is proving to be effective in achieving its objectives. Such regulations passed to improve transparency in financial reporting in India will also act as a deterrent to companies, who may be intending to misuse these transactions in the future. Statistical tests show that Group Companies have a higher value of average annual RPTs, for transactions related to balance sheet and profit and loss accounts, as compared to Non-Group companies. This confirms that Group companies use RPTs extensively in their business operations, for achieving various objectives. Unlike other studies on RPTs in India, this study focuses on the use of these transactions by Group and Non- Group companies separately, over a seven-year period. The study goes into further detail on the different types of RPTs and shows the trend for each type after the revised regulations have been enforced