bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of antioxidants on lipid oxidation in herring (Clupea harengus) co-product silage during its production, heat-treatment and storage
Authors: Sajib Mursalin , Langeland Markus , Undeland Ingrid
Published: March 2022

Provided high product quality, ensilaging can be used to valorize fish filleting co-products into a silage suitable for food applications. However, a documented challenge for products from hemoglobin-rich fish raw materials is the high susceptibility to lipid oxidation, calling for stabilization by antioxidants. In a comparison among different rosemary-containing antioxidants and isoascorbic acid, we here found that the commercial mixture Duralox MANC-213 (MANC) provided the best protection against peroxide value and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) development during ensilaging of herring filleting co-products (0–7 days, 22 °C), and also during subsequent heat-treatment (30 min, 85 °C). Increasing MANC concentration from 0.25 and 0.75 to 1.25% lowered TBARS values from 43.53 and 25.12 to 18.04 µmole TBARS/Kg silage, respectively, after 7 days of ensilaging. During storage at 4 °C/22 °C in presence of MANC, 1.25% provided the highest protection with 87–90% and 66–73% lower TBARS, at 4 °C and 22 °C, respectively, at 6 months compared to the controls. At this time point, heat-treated silages had lower protein degree of hydrolysis and free amino acids values than the non-heat-treated one. Regardless of antioxidant addition, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) formation still increased during the storage, but, overall, TVB-N values in silages were below the acceptable limit of 30 mg TVB-N/100 g fish for human consumption. Together with lipid oxidation data, this suggest that herring silage produced in presence of antioxidants can be used both for high quality feed and food applications.
A non-field analytical method for gas dissolution under forced compression
Authors: Kulish Vladimir , Horák Vladimír
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an extension of the non-field analytical method—known as the method of Kulish—to model gas dissolution into a liquid due to forced compression. Solutions are obtained for the time evolution of pressure (and, hence, mass concentration) at the gas–liquid interface. These solutions are in the form of series with respect to fractional differ-integral operators. The asymptotic solutions for the two limiting cases of compression—slow and fast compression—have been established as well. Then several particular examples of the law of gas volume variation are considered. Among them, the law of a linear volume variation is the most interesting for practical purposes, in which case numerical values of the dimensionless pressure as a function of dimensionless time are provided.
An integrated multiple driver mesocosm experiment reveals the effect of global change on planktonic food web structure
Authors: Moreno Hugo Duarte , Köring Martin , Di Pane Julien , Tremblay Nelly , Wiltshire Karen H. , Boersma Maarten , Meunier Cédric L.
Published: March 2022

Global change puts coastal marine systems under pressure, affecting community structure and functioning. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with an integrated multiple driver design to assess the impact of future global change scenarios on plankton, a key component of marine food webs. The experimental treatments were based on the RCP 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios developed by the IPCC, which were Extended (ERCP) to integrate the future predicted changing nutrient inputs into coastal waters. We show that simultaneous influence of warming, acidification, and increased N:P ratios alter plankton dynamics, favours smaller phytoplankton species, benefits microzooplankton, and impairs mesozooplankton. We observed that future environmental conditions may lead to the rise of Emiliania huxleyi and demise of Noctiluca scintillans, key species for coastal planktonic food webs. In this study, we identified a tipping point between ERCP 6.0 and ERCP 8.5 scenarios, beyond which alterations of food web structure and dynamics are substantial.
Injection into and extraction from single fungal cells
Authors: Guillaume-Gentil Orane , Gäbelein Christoph G. , Schmieder Stefanie , Martinez Vincent , Zambelli Tomaso , Künzler Markus , Vorholt Julia A.
Published: March 2022

The direct delivery of molecules and the sampling of endogenous compounds into and from living cells provide powerful means to modulate and study cellular functions. Intracellular injection and extraction remain challenging for fungal cells that possess a cell wall. The most common methods for intracellular delivery into fungi rely on the initial degradation of the cell wall to generate protoplasts, a step that represents a major bottleneck in terms of time, efficiency, standardization, and cell viability. Here, we show that fluidic force microscopy enables the injection of solutions and cytoplasmic fluid extraction into and out of individual fungal cells, including unicellular model yeasts and multicellular filamentous fungi. The approach is strain- and cargo-independent and opens new opportunities for manipulating and analyzing fungi. We also perturb individual hyphal compartments within intact mycelial networks to study the cellular response at the single cell level.
Uterine lumen fluid is metabolically semi-autonomous
Authors: Simintiras Constantine A. , Drum Jessica N. , Liu Hongyu , Sofia Ortega M. , Spencer Thomas E.
Published: March 2022

Uterine lumen fluid (ULF) is central to successful pregnancy establishment and maintenance, and impacts offspring wellbeing into adulthood. The current dogma is that ULF composition is primarily governed by endometrial glandular epithelial cell secretions and influenced by progesterone. To investigate the hypothesis that ULF is metabolically semi-autonomous, ULF was obtained from cyclic heifers, and aliquots incubated for various durations prior to analysis by untargeted semi-quantitative metabolomic profiling. Metabolite flux was observed in these ULF isolates, supporting the idea that the biochemical makeup of ULF is semi-autonomously dynamic due to enzyme activities. Subsequent integrative analyses of these, and existing, data predict the specific reactions underpinning this phenomenon. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms leading to pregnancy establishment, with implications for improving fertility and pregnancy outcomes in domestic animals as well as women.
Swellable PVA/PVP hydrogel microneedle patches for the extraction of interstitial skin fluid toward minimally invasive monitoring of blood glucose level
Authors: Xu Na , Zhang Manyue , Xu Wenxin , Ling Guixia , Yu Jia , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2022

In this paper, polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) microneedle patches were prepared, which could extract ISF and detect glucose in ISF. This technique has great potential to become a minimally invasive technique.
Multi-electron excitation contributions towards primary and satellite states in the photoelectron spectrum
Authors: Moitra Torsha , Paul Alexander C. , Decleva Piero , Koch Henrik , Coriani Sonia
Published: March 2022

The computation of Dyson orbitals and corresponding ionization energies has been implemented within the equation of motion coupled cluster singles, doubles and perturbative triples (EOM-CC3) method.
Shannon and von Neumann entropies of multi-qubit Schrödinger's cat states
Authors: Jansen Nathan D. , Loucks Matthew , Gilbert Scott , Fleming-Dittenber Corbin , Egbert Julia , Hunt Katharine L. C.
Published: March 2022

Cat state entropies for n = 2, 5, 10, and 15 qubits, as functions of qubit accuracies a and b.
Lipid bilayers as potential ice nucleating agents
Authors: Miles Christopher M. , Hsu Pin-Chia , Dixon Ann M. , Khalid Syma , Sosso Gabriele C.
Published: March 2022

Lipid bilayers can act as ice nucleating agents but are unlikely to be solely responsible for ice nucleation during cryopreservation. Both chemical and structural factors affect a bilayer's ability to promote ice nucleation.
Chemical versatility of azide radical: journey from a transient species to synthetic accessibility in organic transformations
Authors: Shee Maniklal , Singh N. D. Pradeep
Published: March 2022

This review describes the characteristic features of simple and nascent N-centered azide radical, and its unique reactivity in fine chemical synthesis with detailed mechanistic discussions.
A two-stage column protocol for the separation of Cu from geological materials and high-precision Cu isotopic analysis on a MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Li Jie , Zhong Qiao-Hui , Zhang Le , Yu Hong-Xia , Wang Zhao-Yang , Bao Hou-Yin
Published: March 2022

A two-stage tandem column setup is utilized to purify Cu from geological materials for Cu isotopic measurement by MC-ICP-MS.
Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with N,O-acetals
Authors: Yi Zi-Juan , Sun Jian-Ting , Yang Tian-Yu , Yu Xian-Yong , Han Xiao-Li , Wei Bang-Guo
Published: March 2022

An efficient approach to access functionalized indole derivatives has been developed through Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed C3 aza-Friedel–Crafts alkylation of substituted indoles 5a–5m, N-methyl-pyrrole with linear N,O-acetals 4a–4l.
Enhanced oxygen evolution performance by the partial phase transformation of cobalt/nickel carbonate hydroxide nanosheet arrays in an Fe-containing alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Liu Jinghua , Li Hualan , Cai Jiayang , Liu Jingyan , Liu Yansheng , Sun Zijun , He Xiong , Qu Dezhi , Li Xin
Published: March 2022

Co1Ni6CH exhibits a good OER activity (η50 = 256 mV, 51 mV/dec) and stability in 1 M KOH with partial phase transformation. Fe impurity in electrolyte can provide more active sites, improve electronic conductivity, and promote stability.
Computational screening of transition-metal doped boron nanotubes as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Lu Jiajie , Hou Xiuli , Xiao Beibei , Xu Xuejian , Mi Jianli , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2022

Rhodium-doped BNTs demonstrated excellent OER activity, while cobalt-doped BNTs exhibited the best catalytic activity toward the HER among 12 different transition metal-doped BNTs.
Chloride ion-selective dye liquid nanoemulsion: improved sensor performance due to intermolecular interactions between dye and ionophore
Authors: Maki Kaho , Oishi Ryoutarou , Mizuta Tatsumi , Sueyoshi Kenji , Endo Tatsuro , Hisamoto Hideaki
Published: March 2022

Ionophore-based dye liquid nanoemulsion sensors exhibiting rapid response, high selectivity, and high sensitivity to chloride were developed. Intermolecular interactions within emulsion contributed to the background suppression.
Defect governed zinc-rich columnar AZO thin film and contact interface for enhanced performance of thermocouples
Authors: Luo Bingwei , Cao Lili , Zhang Jinyang , Luo Fei , Zhou Haitao , Ma Kexin , Beltrán-Pitarch Braulio , Fuente Mauricio Solis-De la , Falomir Francisco Vidan , García-Cañadas Jorge
Published: March 2022

ITO/AZO thin-film thermocouple had a special temperature-dependent voltage curve due to the effects of cage defects on the thermoelectric properties of the AZO thin film and interfacial electron diffusion.
Capture and translocation of a rod-like molecule by a nanopore: orientation, charge distribution and hydrodynamics
Authors: Qiao Le , Slater Gary W.
Published: March 2022

We investigate the rod orientation during translocation with electrohydrodynamics included using hybrid Langevin dynamics and lattice Boltzmann simulations.
Isolated molybdenum-based microporous POMs for selective adsorption of gases
Authors: Deng Lan , Lin Rong-Yan , Zhou Zhao-Hui
Published: March 2022

Syntheses of POMOFs are related to pH values in solutions. Gas adsorptions indicate that 1 is a potential CO2 adsorbent. 13C NMR and UV-vis spectra can supply further evidences of the isolated Mo8 and Mo2 species.
Comparing London dispersion pnictogen–π interactions in naphthyl-substituted dipnictanes
Authors: Gehlhaar Alexander , Schiavo Eduardo , Wölper Christoph , Schulte Yannick , Auer Alexander A. , Schulz Stephan
Published: March 2022

The importance of London dispersion in heavy main group element chemistry is demonstrated for naphthyl-substituted dipnictanes using a combination of X-ray diffraction and quantum chemistry.
Marine-based green chemistry
Authors: Rogers Robin D. , Kerton Francesca M.
Published: March 2022

Guest editors, Robin D. Rogers and Francesca M. Kerton introduce this themed issue on marine-based green chemistry.
A micro-flow rapid dual activation approach for urethane-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride synthesis
Authors: Okabe Ren , Sugisawa Naoto , Fuse Shinichiro
Published: March 2022

A variety of urethane-protected α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCAs) were synthesized in high yields via the rapid dual activation of both an α-NCA and alkyl chloroformate by combination of two amines in a micro-flow reactor.
Preparation of ordered nanohole array structures by anodization of prepatterned Cu, Zn, and Ni
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Masuda Takuya , Masuda Hideki
Published: March 2022

Ordered nanohole array structures prepared by anodization of prepatterned metals.
Multi-stimuli responsive molecularly imprinted nanoparticles with tailorable affinity for modulated specific recognition of human serum albumin
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Hao Yi , Tian Xuemeng , Liang Yulu , He Xiwen , Gao Ruixia , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui
Published: March 2022

Novel multi-stimuli responsive molecularly imprinted polymers for the specific recognition and enrichment of serum albumin from complex blood samples.
Ferroelasticity, thermochromism, semi-conductivity, and ferromagnetism in a new layered perovskite: (4-fluorophenethylaminium)2[CuCl4]
Authors: Gong Ya-Ping , Chen Xiao-Xian , Huang Guo-Zhang , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2022

A new A2BX4-type layered perovskite, (4-fluorophenethylaminium)2[CuCl4], exhibits multi-channel properties including above-room-temperature ferroelasticity, reversible thermochromism, indirect semi-conductivity, and low-temperature ferromagnetism.
Health status assessment of smart meters based on variable weight and index cloud matter‐element model
Authors: Xing Xiaomin , Tan Jiwen , Li Yitao , Zheng Zixuan
Published: March 2022

Smart meters are one of the crucial terminals in the construction of smart grids, and it is necessary to assess their health status to prevent failures. Based on a hierarchical evaluation index system, this study improved the entropy method and adopted a combined weighting method to integrate subjective and objective weights. The authors constructed an index cloud matter‐element model to develop the extensibility of the matter element and used the correlation between the level and index clouds to evaluate the health status of smart meters. Here, the level cloud model and the index cloud model reflected the fuzziness of the boundary of the health level and the uncertainty of the sampling data of indexes, respectively. Based on the theory of constant weight decision and variable weight, the weight was adjusted dynamically by combining the real‐time operation data of the entropy method, and the evaluation results were corrected in real time to elucidate the effect of extreme changes and unhealthy conditions on smart meters. Verification of the calculation example demonstrated accurate evaluation using the method in this study, and the maintenance schedule could be adjusted reasonably.
Spectrum sensing and resource allocation for 5G heterogeneous cloud radio access networks
Authors: Safi Hossein , Montazeri Ali Mohammad , Rostampoor Javane , Parsaeefard Saeedeh
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the problem of opportunistic spectrum sharing for the next generation of wireless systems empowered by the cloud radio access network (C‐RAN) is studied. More precisely, low‐priority users employ cooperative spectrum sensing to detect a vacant portion of the spectrum that is not currently used by high‐priority users. The authors' aim is to maximize the overall throughput of the low‐priority users while guaranteeing the quality of service of the high‐priority users. This objective is attained by optimally adjusting spectrum sensing time, with respect to target probabilities of detection and false alarm, as well as dynamically allocating C‐RAN resources, that is, powers, sub‐carriers, remote radio heads, and base‐band units. To solve this problem, which is non‐convex and NP‐hard, a low‐complex iterative solution is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the necessity of sensing time adjustment as well as effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Effect of barrier thickness of Polytetrafluoroethylene on the Direct Current breakdown characteristics of liquid nitrogen
Authors: Xiang Bin , Gao Lei , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan , Wang Jianhua , Tu Youping
Published: March 2022

When high‐temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes in high voltage DC HTS devices are quenched, amounts of thermal bubbles are generated in liquid nitrogen (LN2) that will reduce the insulation strength greatly. Especially when resistive‐type superconducting fault current limiters meet a short‐circuit fault, the insulation strength of the LN2 decreased significantly due to the thermal bubbles and electrothermal pressure. Solid insulating barriers can improve the insulation strength of the LN2. The objective of this study is to obtain the effect of barrier thickness on the DC dielectric breakdown characteristics of LN2. Insulating barrier Polytetrafluoroethylene with three different thicknesses were tested. Three types of electrodes such as rod‐plane, needle‐plane, and plane‐plane were applied. The results showed that the barriers can increase the negative and positive breakdown voltage both with and without thermal bubbles in a slightly non‐uniform field (SNF) and non‐uniform field (NF). For the SNF, the DC breakdown voltage is higher when the barrier is thinner. The effect of the barrier thickness in the NF is lower than that in the SNF field. For the NF, the positive breakdown voltage is higher when the barrier is thicker.
Distributed joint target detection, tracking and classification via Bernoulli filter
Authors: Li Gaiyou , Wei Ping , Battistelli Giorgio , Chisci Luigi , Gao Lin , Farina Alfonso
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to solve the problem of distributed joint detection, tracking and classification (D‐JDTC) of a target on a peer‐to‐peer sensor network. The target can be present or not, can belong to different classes, and depending on its class can behave according to different kinematic modes. Accordingly, it is modelled as a suitably extended Bernoulli random finite set (RFS) uniquely characterized by existence, classification, class‐conditioned mode and class & mode‐conditioned state probability distributions. Existing algorithms have been devised to perform target JDTC based on a single sensor and can only be easily extended to multiple sensors in a centralized configuration, wherein a fusion centre gathers measurements from all sensors. In this paper, by designing a suitable rule for fusing local posteriors that convey information on target existence, class, mode and state from different sensor nodes, a novel scalable and fault‐tolerant D‐JDTC Bernoulli filter is proposed, and its performance is evaluated by means of simulation experiments.
Enhancing SEM signature via bistatic radar configuration of small bisectors
Authors: Aldhubaib Faisal
Published: March 2022

The paper assesses the feasibility of finding bistatic directions of minimum bisectors subject to resonant frequency and polarisation diversities to improve the robustness of the resonance signature when extracted from the late time radar response. The general approach consists of three assessments, where the first assessment utilises the scattering frequency data (non‐coherent) to determine if there are bistatic directions of small bisectors per reference resonant frequency and polarisation basis. The second assessment evaluated the correlation between the two targets' incident and scattering directions and confirmed that some directions enhanced the discriminative potential. The third assessment utilised the cumulative sum and the extracted resonant distribution from the time data (coherent) of the bistatic directions to determine the degree of signature enhancement by using a minimum error criterion between the reference and extractable mode frequencies with onset shift. The assessments were qualitative and concluded that the third resonance with a left circular basis could outperform other resonants in discriminative potential. Henceforth, the bistatic configuration improves the strength of this most discriminative resonant mode to allow the maximum utilisation of the SEM signature in the identification operation of aircraft targets.
Robust stochastic optimal operation of an industrial building including plug in electric vehicle, solar‐powered compressed air energy storage and ice storage conditioner: A case study in the city of Kaveh, Iran
Authors: Doosti Reza , Sedighizadeh Mostafa , Sedighizadeh Davoud , Sheikhi Fini Alireza
Published: March 2022

An optimal day‐ahead operation of a microgrid (MG) based on an energy hub (EH) that is an industrial building, is presented in this paper. The proposed EH includes wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), triple generation that is combined cooling, heat and power, and salt water desalination. The purpose of solving problem is to lessen the operational and pollution costs limited to several technical restrictions. The EH takes into account plug in electric vehicle (PEV) and an ice storage conditioner (ISC) and together with a thermal energy storage system that is a supplementary energy storage system (ESS). Particularly, the performance and efficacy of the EH operational and pollution costs are studied by considering a solar‐‐powered compressed air energy storage (SPCAES) that is a novel rechargeable and developing ESS. The proposed model takes into account the uncertain behaviour of PV and WT generations together with the thermal, electrical, and cooling demands, which deal with a robust optimisation approach. The suggested robust mix integer linear problem model is figured out using the CPLEX solver in general algebraic modelling system software. The proposed framework is implemented on the industrial building located in the industrial city of Kaveh, Iran. The simulation results show that using ESSs including SPCAES, ISC, and PEVs reduce the total costs (operation and emission costs) by 2.42% in the day‐ahead energy management.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of the hot-star spectra
Authors: Blomme R. , Daflon S. , Gebran M. , Herrero A. , Lobel A. , Mahy L. , Martins F. , Morel T. , Berlanas S. R. , Blazère A. , Frémat Y. , Gosset E. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Santos W. , Semaan T. , Simón-Díaz S. , Volpi D. , Holgado G. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Nieva M. F. , Przybilla N. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Negueruela I. , Prusti T. , Vallenari A. , Alfaro E. J. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , Flaccomio E. , Francois P. , Korn A. J. , Lanzafame A. , Pancino E. , Smiljanic R. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Franciosini E. , Gonneau A. , Heiter U. , Hourihane A. , Jofré P. , Magrini L. , Morbidelli L. , Sacco G. G. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S.
Published: March 2022

Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that has collected, over a period of six years, spectra of ~105 stars. This survey provides not only the reduced spectra, but also the stellar parameters and abundances resulting from the analysis of the spectra.

Aims. The GES dataflow is organised in 19 working groups. Working group 13 (WG13) is responsible for the spectral analysis of the hottest stars (O, B, and A type, with a formal cutoff of Teff > 7000 K) that were observed as part of GES. We present the procedures and techniques that have been applied to the reduced spectra in order to determine the stellar parameters and abundances of these stars.

Methods. The procedure used was similar to that of other working groups in GES. A number of groups (called Nodes) each independently analyse the spectra via state-of-the-art techniques and codes. Specific for the analysis in WG13 was the large temperature range covered (Teff ≈ 7000–50 000 K), requiring the use of different analysis codes. Most Nodes could therefore only handle part of the data. Quality checks were applied to the results of these Nodes by comparing them to benchmark stars, and by comparing them to one another. For each star the Node values were then homogenised into a single result: the recommended parameters and abundances.

Results. Eight Nodes each analysed part of the data. In total 17 693 spectra of 6462 stars were analysed, most of them in 37 open star clusters. The homogenisation led to stellar parameters for 5584 stars. Abundances were determined for a more limited number of stars. The elements studied are He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, and Sc. Abundances for at least one of these elements were determined for 292 stars.

Conclusions. The hot-star data analysed here, as well as the GES data in general, will be of considerable use in future studies of stellar evolution and open clusters.
Hidden power of near-infrared data for the study of young clusters: Illustrative case of RCW 38
Authors: Ascenso Joana
Published: March 2022

Studies of star formation rely heavily on observations in the near-infrared, but they typically need information from other wavelengths for interpretation. We show that we can infer distances and estimate the membership of young stellar objects for young clusters independently using (ground-based) near-infrared,J,H, andKSbroadband data alone. We also show that we can estimate a lower limit for the fraction of sources with 2.2 μm excess emission with a sensitivity comparable to that of mid-infrared space data, but with better resolution and fewer biases. Finally, we show that the typical methods for inferring masses from these data may produce substantially unreliable results. This method is applied to the young, massive cluster RCW 38, for which we estimate a distance of 1.5 kpc and aKS-band excess fraction larger than 60%.
The bimodality in the mass–metallicity relation in SDSS-MaNGA galaxy pairs
Authors: Omori Kiyoaki Christopher , Takeuchi Tsutomu T.
Published: March 2022

Aims. Interacting galaxies show a metallicity dilution compared to isolated galaxies of similar masses in the mass–metallicity space at the global scale. We investigate the spatially resolved mass–metallicity relation (MZR) of galaxy pairs in the SDSS-MaNGA survey to confirm that the local relation between the stellar mass surface density, Σ*, and the metallicity is consistent with the MZR at the global scale.

Methods. We investigate the relationship between the stellar mass surface density and the metallicity abundance, 12 + log(O/H), for star-forming spaxels belonging to 298 galaxy pairs identified using visual and kinematic indicators in the SDSS-MaNGA survey. We also investigate if (a) the location of a spaxel relative to the galaxy centre and (b) the galaxy pair separation have any effect on the local MZR.

Results. We find that the correlation between mass and metallicity holds for interacting galaxies at the local level. However, we find two peaks in spaxel distribution, one peak with enriched metallicity and the other with diluted metallicity. We find that the spaxels belonging to the galaxy central regions (i.e., at lower R/Reff) are concentrated close to the two peaks. We also find that the metallicity-diluted spaxels belong to galaxy pairs with closer projected separations and that spaxels with enriched metallicity belong to galaxy pairs with greater projected separations.

Conclusions. We find two discrete peaks in the spatially resolved MZR for star-forming spaxels that belong to galaxy pairs. The peaks are likely related to the galaxy projected separation or the stage of the interaction process of a galaxy pair.
HubbleAsteroid Hunter
Authors: Kruk Sandor , García Martín Pablo , Popescu Marcel , Merín Bruno , Mahlke Max , Carry Benoît , Thomson Ross , Karadağ Samet , Durán Javier , Racero Elena , Giordano Fabrizio , Baines Deborah , de Marchi Guido , Laureijs René
Published: March 2022

Context.Large and publicly available astronomical archives open up new possibilities to search for and study Solar System objects. However, advanced techniques are required to deal with the large amounts of data. These unbiased surveys can be used to constrain the size distribution of minor bodies, which represents a piece of the puzzle for the formation models of the Solar System.

Aims.We aim to identify asteroids in archival images from the ESAHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) Science data archive using data mining.

Methods.We developed a citizen science project on the Zooniverse platform,HubbleAsteroid Hunter, and have asked members of the public to identify asteroid trails in archival HST images. We used the labels provided by the volunteers to train an automated deep learning model built with Google Cloud AutoML Vision to explore the entire HST archive to detect asteroids crossing the field-of-view.

Results.We report the detection of 1701 new asteroid trails identified in archival HST data via our citizen science project and the subsequent machine learning exploration of the ESA HST science data archive. We detect asteroids to a magnitude of 24.5, which are statistically fainter than the populations of asteroids identified from ground-based surveys. The majority of asteroids are distributed near the ecliptic plane, as expected, where we find an approximate density of 80 asteroids per square degree. We matched 670 trails (39% of the trails found) with 454 known Solar System objects in the Minor Planet Center database; however, no matches were found for 1031 (61%) trails. The unidentified asteroids are faint, on average 1.6 magnitudes fainter than the asteroids we succeeded in identifying. They probably correspond to previously unknown objects.

Conclusions.Citizen science and machine learning are very useful techniques for the systematic search for Solar System objects in existing astronomy science data archives. This work describes a method for finding new asteroids in astronomical archives that span decades; it could be effectively applied to other datasets, increasing the overall sample of well-characterised small bodies in the Solar System and refining their ephemerides.
Ergodic risk-sensitive control of Markov processes on countable state space revisited
Authors: Biswas Anup , Pradhan Somnath
Published: March 2022

We consider a large family of discrete and continuous time controlled Markov processes and study an ergodic risk-sensitive minimization problem. Under a blanket stability assumption, we provide a complete analysis to this problem. In particular, we establish uniqueness of the value function and verification result for optimal stationary Markov controls, in addition to the existence results. We also revisit this problem under a near-monotonicity condition but without any stability hypothesis. Our results also include policy improvement algorithms both in discrete and continuous time frameworks.
Die Darm-Lungen-Achse
Authors: Rüffer Andreas
Published: March 2022

Lunge und Darm sind phylogenetisch sowie über das Schleimhaut-Immunnetzwerk miteinander verbunden. Daher wird auch von der Darm-Lungen-Achse gesprochen. In dieser Verbindung spielt offensichtlich die Darmmikrobiota eine wichtige Rolle, insbesondere beim Asthma und bei Infekten der Atemwege. Bei deren Behandlung ist daher unterstützend die diagnostische und therapeutische Berücksichtigung der Darmmikrobiota hilfreich.
Penile Ultrasound: An Essential Tool in an Emergency Setting (Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Diseases)
Authors: Bertelli Elena , D'Amico Giuseppe , Bertolotto Michele , Miele Vittorio
Published: March 2022

Penile conditions requiring urgent care are uncommon and result from trauma and a variety of non-traumatic causes. Some cases could rapidly evolve into an emergency situation and require prompt treatment to prevent severe complications. Therefore, correct and rapid diagnosis is fundamental. Although clinical history and physical examination are essential, diagnostic imaging is usually required to confirm the clinical diagnosis. In this setting, the sonologist in the emergency department has to be familiar with the basic US penile anatomy and with the most common US findings in urgent penile care. US is the key imaging method because it is readily available, safe, cost-effective, and well-tolerated by the patient. US can differentiate intracavernosal from extracavernosal hematomas and detect rupture of the tunica albuginea, consistent with penile fracture, that requires early surgical exploration. Color Doppler evaluation and spectral analysis are necessary to depict vascular abnormalities.
Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonisten als Therapieoption beim
idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom?
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Tönges Lars
Published: March 2022

Beim Parkinson-Syndrom wurde sich lange Zeit auf die motorischen Symptome und die
Therapie mit dopaminergen Substanzen fokussiert. In den letzten Jahren gewannen
die nicht-motorischen Symptome immer mehr Bedeutung, da sie früh im
Krankheitsverlauf auftreten und die Lebensqualität erheblich
einschränken. Dadurch wurde aber auch die Notwendigkeit einer Behandlung
nicht nur des dopaminergen Defizits offensichtlich. Als weitere therapeutische
Option wurden die Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonisten entwickelt, da
Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonisten nicht-dopaminerg und selektiv in
den Basalganglien lokalisiert sind. Somit besteht die Möglichkeit
striato-thalamo-kortikalen Schleifen zusätzlich zu modulieren. Bereits
2013 wurde ein Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonist in Japan und in 2019
in den USA als Add-on zu L-DOPA zugelassen. Mit einer Zulassung in Europa wird
in naher Zukunft gerechnet. In dieser Übersicht möchten wir die
theoretischen Grundlagen dieses Therapieansatzes darstellen und die aktuellen
Daten zur Wirksamkeit und dem therapeutischen Einsatz referieren.
The performance and safety of motorized spiral enteroscopy, including in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Al-Toma Abdulbaqi , Beaumont Hanneke , Koornstra Jan Jacob , van Boeckel Petra , Hergelink Dorien Oude , van der Kraan Jolein , Inderson Akin , de Ridder Rogier , Jacobs Maarten
Published: March 2022

Background Data are scarce on the efficacy and safety of motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE). No data are available on the utility of this technique in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSE in patients with suspected small-bowel disease, including those with surgically altered GI anatomy.

Methods A multicenter prospective observational, uncontrolled study evaluated MSE in consecutive patients with suspected small-bowel pathology and an indication for diagnostic and/or therapeutic intervention.

Results A total of 170 patients (102 men; median age 64 years, range 18–89) were included. The overall diagnostic yield was 64.1 %. Endotherapy was performed in 53.5 % of procedures. The median total procedure times for the antegrade and retrograde approaches were 45 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 30–80) and 40 minutes (IQR 30–70), respectively. When total (pan)enteroscopy was intended, this was achieved at rate of 70.3 % (28.1 % by antegrade approach and 42.2 % by a bidirectional approach). Surgically altered GI anatomy was present in 34 /170 of all procedures (20.0 %) and in 11 /45 of the successful total enteroscopy procedures (24.4 %). Propofol sedation or general anesthesia were used in 92.9 % and 7.1 % of the procedures, respectively. Minor adverse events were observed in 15.9 % of patients, but there were no major adverse events.

Conclusion MSE seems to be an effective and safe endoscopic procedure. Total (pan)enteroscopy can be achieved, in one or two sessions, even in the presence of surgically altered GI anatomy. The total procedure time is relatively short. For both antegrade and retrograde MSE procedures, propofol sedation seems sufficient and safe.
Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion Using a Biportal Endoscopic Technique for Patients with Multilevel Severe Degenerative Lumbosacral Spondylosis: Technical Note and Case Presentations
Authors: Jung Seok Bong , Kim Nackhwan
Published: March 2022

Background Open decompression and posterior interbody fusion are standard surgical interventions for multilevel degenerative lumbosacral spondylosis (DLS). Despite their clinical efficacy, intraoperative and postoperative complications have led to the demand for a minimally invasive approach. A biportal endoscopic approach is an advanced minimally invasive surgical option.

Methods The data of two patients with multilevel DLS who had undergone biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) were retrospectively analyzed. Parameters such as surgical difficulty, duration of operation, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were reviewed. Pain and functionality were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively.

Results Both patients were women and aged 75 and 73 years; they complained of back pain, claudication, pain and weakness in the lower extremities, and gait disturbance. The symptoms lasted 5 and 8 years, respectively. The multilevel BESS approach was applied bilaterally. Dissection, laminofacetectomy, decompression, excision, cage insertion, and screw implantation were performed. The operation durations were 170 and 160 minutes with blood loss of 500 and 650 mL, respectively. Back pain, leg pain, and ODI scores significantly improved; no pseudoarthrosis or additional neurologic deficits were noted on follow-up.

Conclusions The presented BESS technique is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with multilevel DLS, which typically requires a complicated surgical approach. Randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to verify the superiority of this operation.
Copper-Mediated C–O/C–N Bond Formation: A Facile Synthesis of 3-Amidocoumarin, 3-Amidoazacoumarin, and N-Aroylindole ­Derivatives
Authors: Thasana Nopporn , Worayuthakarn Rattana , Suddee Nattanit , Nealmongkol Prattya , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: March 2022

Three different heterocyclic systems (3-amidocoumarins, 3-amidoazacoumarins, and N-benzoylindol-2-carboxamides) were synthesized based on the strikingly different selectivity of copper-mediated C–O/C–N bond formation from azlactones under various heating conditions. The stereochemistry of the double bond dictated the nature of the products. Microwave irradiation played an important role in the isomerization of the trisubstituted olefin leading to the formation of 3-amidocoumarins and 3-amidoazacoumarins. Three products showed promising-to-good cytotoxic activities against a panel of cancer cell lines, including HepG2 (hepatoblastoma) and MOLT-3 (T-lymphoblast acute lymphoblastic leukemia).
Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters through Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Bi-Jie , Sun Xin
Published: March 2022

Acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters occur frequently in natural products, bioactive molecules, and pharmaceutical compounds. Construction of a carbon stereogenic center attached to four different carbons with defined spatial arrangement is a daunting challenge in asymmetric catalysis. Significant efforts have been directed towards the stereoselective construction of such acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters. In particular, catalytic generation of acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters through functionalization of unsaturated hydrocarbons is an extremely attractive approach because unsaturated hydrocarbons are easily accessible both in industry and in organic synthesis. In this short review, we summarize the recent advances achieved in this research area, with the aim to inspire future development.

1 Introduction

2 Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters through Functionalization of Allenes

3 Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters through Functionalization of Dienes

4 Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters through Functionalization of Mono-alkenes

5 Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters through Functionalization of Alkynes

6 Summary and Outlook
Recent Developments in N2-Selective Functionalizations of 1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Zhu Li-Li , Wang Yahui , Zheng Yue , Tian Lifang , Ramadoss Velayudham , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2022

The widespread use of 1,2,3-triazole compounds in drugs has resulted in a great interest in the efficient synthesis of N2-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles via post triazole functionalization methods. At present, there are many methods for the synthesis of N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds, but the development of convenient methods for the N2-selective functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles remains challenging. In general, the greater stability of the N1 tautomer makes the N2 position a non-preferable reactive site, which has limited the application of 1,2,3-triazoles. In this review, we summarized advances in the direct N2-selective functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles since 2008.

1 Introduction

2 N2-Alkylation

3 N2-Allylation

4 N2-Propargylation

5 N2-Alkenylation

6 N2-Alkynylation

7 N2-Arylation

8 Conclusions and Outlook
Fluorinated Olefinic Lactams: The Case of Amino Acids – Preparation and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Koroniak-Szejn Katarzyna , Salamon-Krokosz Katarzyna , Gołdyn Mateusz , Siodła Tomasz , Bartoszak-Adamska Elżbieta , Koroniak Henryk
Published: March 2022

Herein, we report the synthesis of analogues of amino acids with a monofluorovinyl moiety. Interestingly, we have found that cyclization of the obtained products proceeds easily in all cases. The cyclization process has not previously been observed at this reaction stage, and such fluorinated lactams derived from phenylalanine, valine, alanine have not been described before.
Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Lower Extremity Lymphedema: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Huayllani Maria T. , Forte Antonio J. , Boczar Daniel , Avila Francisco R. , Escandón Joseph M. , Manrique Oscar J. , Chen Hung-Chi
Published: March 2022

Background Posttraumatic lymphedema develops more frequently than expected and reports on its management are scarce in the literature. We aimed to report the clinical outcomes of a case series of posttraumatic lymphedema patients treated with different vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNTs).

Patients and Methods Five patients with secondary posttraumatic lower limb lymphedema treated with VLNT were included in this report. The groin-VLNT (n = 1), supraclavicular-VLNT (n = 2), and gastroepiploic-VLNT (n = 2) were implemented. The average flap area was 69.8 cm2. Patients underwent postoperative complex decompressive therapy for an average of 10.0 months.

Results The average mean circumference reduction rate was 24.4% (range, 10.2–37.6%). Postsurgical reduction in the number of infection episodes per year was observed in all patients. The mean follow-up was 34.2 months.

Conclusions VLNT is a promising surgical treatment for posttraumatic lymphedema patients. In our report, VLNT has demonstrated to reduce the volume and number of infections per year in posttraumatic lymphedema.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of Changes in Platelet Reactivity after Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pedersen Oliver Buchhave , Pasalic Leonardo , Nissen Peter H. , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: March 2022

Increased platelet activity is an important predictor for recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Flow cytometry is an advanced method for evaluation of platelet activity. We aimed to summarize the current literature on dynamic changes in platelet activity analyzed by flow cytometry in patients with ACS. Employing the guidelines of Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we searched PubMed and Embase on October 26, 2021, and identified studies measuring platelet activity with flow cytometry in ACS patients in the acute phase (baseline) and at follow-up in a more stable phase. In the 12 included studies, fibrinogen receptor, α-granule secretion, platelet reactivity index, monocyte-platelet aggregates, neutrophil-platelet aggregates, and reticulated platelets were measured. The fibrinogen receptor and α-granule secretion were either unchanged or lower during follow-up measurements than in the acute phase. Platelet reactivity index showed inconsistent results. Values of monocyte-platelet aggregates and neutrophil-platelet aggregates were lower at follow-up than at baseline (p-values <0.05). Reticulated platelets were either unchanged (p-value >0.64) or lower at 1 to 2 months follow-up (p-value 0.04), and also lower at 5 months to 1-year follow-up (p-value >0.005) compared with baseline. Overall, flow cytometric analyses of platelet function in ACS patients showed that platelet activity was lower at follow-up than at baseline. However, in some patients, platelet activity remained unchanged from baseline to follow-up, possibly indicating a sustained high platelet activity that may increase the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.
The Severely to Profoundly Hearing-Impaired Population in the United States: Prevalence Estimates and Demographics
Authors: Blanchfield Bonnie B. , Feldman Jacob J. , Dunbar Jennifer L. , Gardner Eric N.
Published: March 2022

This study informs policy makers and third-party payers of the prevalence and characteristics of the severely to profoundly hearing-impaired population in the United States. Nationally representative data were used for estimations in consultation with an expert advisory panel. The prevalence of severe to profound hearing impairment among the US population ranges from 464,000 to 738,000, with 54 percent of this population over age 65 years. Persons with hearing impairment are more likely to be publicly insured, less likely to have private insurance, have lower family incomes, are less educated, and are more likely to be unemployed than the general population. Approximately half a million Americans are severely to profoundly hearing impaired and appear to be more vulnerable, both financially and educationally, as compared to the US population. As a result, access to medical and technological interventions that may assist their hearing loss may be limited.

Abbreviations: NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHIS = National Health Interview Survey
Free energy fluctuations of the two-spin spherical SK model at critical temperature
Authors: Landon Benjamin
Published: March 2022

We investigate the fluctuations of the free energy of the two-spin spherical Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model at critical temperature βc = 1. When β = 1, we find asymptotic Gaussian fluctuations with variance 16N2log(N), confirming in the spherical case a physics prediction for the SK model with Ising spins. We, furthermore, prove the existence of a critical window on the scale β=1+αlog(N)N−1/3. For any α∈R, we show that the fluctuations are at most order log(N)/N in the sense of tightness. If α → ∞ at any rate as N → ∞, then, properly normalized, the fluctuations converge to the Tracy–Widom1 distribution. If α → 0 at any rate as N → ∞ or α < 0 is fixed, the fluctuations are asymptotically Gaussian as in the α = 0 case. In determining the fluctuations, we apply a recent result of G. Lambert and E. Paquette [“Strong approximation of Gaussian beta-ensemble characteristic polynomials: The edge regime and the stochastic airy function,” arXiv:2009.05003 (2020)] on the behavior of the Gaussian-β-ensemble at the spectral edge.