bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Indicators in Strategic Environmental Assessments of Urban-Planning Instruments: A Case Study
Authors: Reicher Oscar , Delgado Verónica , Arumi José-Luis
Published: November 2021

The monitoring of the impact of cities on sustainable development initiatives has led several nations to adopt the use of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) instrument to enhance environmental management efforts. The use of indicators within this process is essential since they enable authorities to monitor and mitigate any adverse effects that may arise as a consequence of urbanization. Over a decade after the implementation of this instrument in Chile, a review of the indicators used in the SEA framework to monitor the impacts of urban planning has yet to be executed. Since there is no standardization of indicators under Chilean regulations, this study applied international classifications including the Pressure-State-Response indicator framework devised by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in addition to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard 37120. Under these criteria, the environmental-monitoring indicators utilized in the most populous regions in Chile were classified. Results show a limited use of indicators that can be categorized as related to urban-focused environmental monitoring. This paper concludes by posing certain questions that should be considered for future improvements to monitoring impacts generated by urbanization.
Towards Electric Price and Load Forecasting Using CNN-Based Ensembler in Smart Grid
Authors: Aslam Shahzad , Ayub Nasir , Farooq Umer , Alvi Muhammad Junaid , Albogamy Fahad R. , Rukh Gul , Haider Syed Irtaza , Azar Ahmad Taher , Bukhsh Rasool
Published: November 2021

Medium-term electricity consumption and load forecasting in smart grids is an attractive topic of study, especially using innovative data analysis approaches for future energy consumption trends. Loss of electricity during generation and use is also a problem to be addressed. Both consumers and utilities can benefit from a predictive study of electricity demand and pricing. In this study, we used a new machine learning approach called AdaBoost to identify key features from an ISO-NE dataset that includes daily consumption data over eight years. Moreover, the DT classifier and RF are widely used to extract the best features from the dataset. Moreover, we predicted the electricity load and price using machine learning techniques including support vector machine (SVM) and deep learning techniques such as a convolutional neural network (CNN). Coronavirus herd immunity optimization (CHIO), a novel optimization approach, was used to modify the hyperparameters to increase efficiency, and it used classifiers to improve the performance of our classifier. By adding additional layers to the CNN and fine-tuning its parameters, the probability of overfitting the classifier was reduced. For method validation, we compared our proposed models with several benchmarks. MAE, MAPE, MSE, RMSE, the f1 score, recall, precision, and accuracy were the measures used for performance evaluation. Moreover, seven different forms of statistical analysis were given to show why our proposed approaches are preferable. The proposed CNN-CHIO and SVM techniques had the lowest MAPE error rates of 6% and 8%, respectively, and the highest accuracy rates of 95% and 92%, respectively.
Blockchain Innovation: Current and Future Viewpoints for the Travel Industry
Authors: Untung Rahardja  , Qurotul Aini  , Sabda Maulana
Published: November 2021

Disintermediation of the travel industry in the modern area has the most powerful and successful innovation, obviously with the assistance of Blockchain innovation. The market structure has changed since the appearance of online travel planners. Determined to improve the system for the travel industry that as of now depends on this blockchain innovation, for which the reason for this paper was made, a subjective strategy with semi-organized meetings appears to be appropriate to decide the ideal use to draw out the fundamental capability of this blockchain innovation for the business. the travel industry as per specialists. From the consequences of meetings led just as from the aftereffects of considering the impact of blockchain on business, it tends to be inferred that blockchain innovation is a fitting new advance as far as restricting and forbidding new go betweens in the entrance of the travel industry, subsequently it will prompt the vanishing of go-betweens from the travel industry market and an increment in the framework straightforward that everybody knows.
Praxis e interculturalidad en la arqueología indígena sudamericana
Authors: Acuto Félix A.
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un programa o praxis para la arqueología indígena sudamericana; es decir, la arqueología por y para los pueblos originarios. Teniendo en cuenta la historia sociopolítica y cultural de la región, las políticas de identidad desarrolladas por los estados-naciones sudamericanos, las demandas contemporáneas de las organizaciones y movimientos indígenas y el contexto actual de presión sobre y conflictos en los territorios indígenas, se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar una arqueología comprometida con los proyectos, reclamos y luchas de los pueblos originarios de la región. Este programa plantea que la arqueología indígena sudamericana debe: 1) conocer y respetar el marco de derecho indígena vigente, considerando a los pueblos originarios como sujetos de derecho y sujetos políticos; 2) conceder que lo que denominamos patrimonio arqueológico pertenece a estos pueblos y sus comunidades; 3) llevar adelante una arqueología que se ponga a disposición de los proyectos, reclamos y luchas indígenas, especialmente cuando grupos hegemónicos, que siguen negándolos, buscan apropiarse de sus territorios y recursos; 4) reconocer que los pueblos originarios hablan por sí mismos y abrir los espacios académicos a las voces indígenas, respetando los saberes y promoviendo la producción de conocimientos interculturales.
Bioarqueología en el norte y centro del Área Ecotonal Húmeda Seca Pampeana (provincia de Buenos Aires)
Authors: Pereyra M. Belén
Published: November 2021

En la tesina se presentaron y discutieron los resultados del análisis bioarqueológico de los restos humanos recuperados en seis sitios de la provincia de Buenos Aires, ubicados en el centro y norte del Área Ecotonal Húmeda Seca Pampeana (AEHSP; sensu Oliva, 2006). Se expusieron en forma sistemática los resultados obtenidos del análisis de un conjunto de variables tafonómicas, demográficas (sexo y edad), y paleopatológicas. El trabajo se enmarcó dentro del Proyecto de investigación HUM 363 “Investigaciones arqueológicas en el Área Ecotonal Húmeda Seca Pampeana” y HUM 489 “Área Ecotonal Húmeda Seca Pampeana: investigaciones arqueológicas comparativas entre diferentes sectores”, acreditados por la Universidad Nacional de Rosario y dirigidos por el Lic. Fernando Oliva. El análisis del registro presentado fue posible gracias a una beca de investigación otorgada por la Universidad Nacional de Rosario.
Investigation the application of niosome as a nanocarrier for sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract by spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Somayeh Samaei Seyedeh , Khanmohammadi Khorrami Mohammadreza , Bagheri Garmarudi Amir
Published: November 2021

Objetive: Investigation the application of niosome as a nanocarrier for sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract by spectroscopy and chemometrics. Material and Method: In this study,niosome nanoparticles containing cholesterol and without cholesterol were prepared by thin film hydration method. Ethanol extract of sage was extracted by microwave and loaded inside the niosome nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was determined by field imaging scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The zeta potential of the niosomes was determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS). to investigate the type of interactions between surfactants and cholesterol used in the niosome structure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used. Drug release was investigated for 5 consecutive days in phosphate buffer salin (PBS) 0/01 M with pH=7.4 at T=370C. Results:The zeta potential of the niosomes with cholesterol and without cholesterol was -24/1&-15/6 mv . The loading capacity of the drug in the concentration range (1-3% w / w of niosum) for both types of niosome was between 61% and 93%. Conclusion: This results show that the release rate of niosme with cholesterol is significantly more regular and lower than of niosome without cholesterol. In general, it can be concluded that niosome can be a suitable nano-carrier for delivery of hydrophilic extract of the sage.
Melanoma primario de mucosa nasal: Presentación de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lugo-Machado Juan Antonio , Gutiérrez-Pérez Martha Lucía , Quintero-Bauman Alejandra , Arragán-Márquez Fernanda , Sepúlveda-Martínez Mario , Jiménez-Rodríguez Martha , Yocupicio-Hernández Dalia Iveth
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Los melanomas de mucosa nasosinusales, representa una de las patologías de menor proporción en las tumoraciones de nariz y senos paranasales y como consecuencia diagnósticos tardíos. Reporte de caso: paciente masculino de la sexta década de la vida, que inicio con cuadro de obstrucción nasal y epistaxis leve, fue enviado para su valoración nuestro hospital de tercer nivel, donde se sometió a biopsia, presentando el resultado histopatológico de melanoma de mucosa nasal. Conclusión: las lesiones se presentaron principalmente como epistaxis y obstrucción nasal, involucraron a la cavidad nasal y senos paranasales y el lado izquierdo fue el más común involucrado. Los estadios de la enfermedad avanzada y metástasis a distancia se presentaron con gran frecuencia y en general con una pobre supervivencia a 5 años.
Serie de Redacción Científica: Diseño y publicación de reportes de casos y series de casos
Authors: Quispe Antonio M. , Cortez-Soto Andrea G. , Banda-Salas Cecilia I. , Sedano Claudia A.
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Los reportes de casos y series de casos son una fuente importante de conocimientos, sin embargo, solo aportan evidencias científicas de baja calidad. Este tipo de estudios son muy comunes en el campo médico, porque permiten formular nuevas hipótesis y reportar de manera estructurada patologías nuevas y raras, así como complicaciones o eventos adversos de medicamentos. Es por ello que el objetivo primario de un reporte de casos o serie de casos es aportar al conocimiento científico. Para publicar estos estudios se recomienda seguir las recomendaciones de la declaración CARE con el fin de garantizar un reporte estructurado con el mínimo de información pertinente y relevante para hacer una interpretación clara y precisa de los hallazgos de este. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una guía de redacción científica de reportes de casos y series de casos y maximizar su publicidad en revistas indizadas revisadas por pares.
Desafíos de la pandemia COVID-19: Investigación en salud y su divulgación
Authors: Carhuapoma-Yance Mario
Published: November 2021

Editorial (Sin resumen)
Desabastecimiento de antidiabéticos y antihipertensivos en el contexto de la etapa inicial de la pandemia por la COVID-19 en Perú
Authors: Herrera-Añazco Pery , Valenzuela-Rodríguez Germán , Torres-Pesantes Luciana , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J.
Published: November 2021

Introducción: Un adecuado abastecimiento de medicamentos en los establecimientos de salud aumentará la posibilidad de un adecuado control de la hipertensión y la diabetes. Objetivo: Determinar el desabastecimiento de antidiabéticos y antihipertensivos a nivel nacional en el contexto de la etapa inicial de la pandemia por la COVID-19 en Perú. Material y métodos: Análisis del “Sistema integrado de suministro de medicamentos e insumos médicos quirúrgicos” (SISMED) entre el 13 de junio y 15 de julio del 2020, de acuerdo a la lista del “Petitorio nacional único de medicamentos de medicamentos esenciales” (PNUME) del Ministerio de Salud. Resultados: Entre el 16 % y 24% de las regiones están totalmente desabastecidos en al menos un antidiabético y entre 4 y 96 % en al menos un antihipertensivo. El antidiabético más desabastecido fue la Metformina de 500 mg y los antihipertensivos más desabastecidos fueron Labetalol 5 mg/ml iny, Atenolol 50 mg tab y Carvedilol 6,5 mg tab. El desabastecimiento fue porcentualmente mayor en hospitales y los institutos especializados en comparación con centros y puestos de salud según región geográfica. Conclusiones: Existe un desabastecimiento de antihipertensivos y antidiabéticos en los establecimientos de salud, el cual es heterogéneo en las diferentes regiones del Perú.
¿Inercia clínica, burnout, corrupción?: Reflexiones a propósito de la pandemia
Authors: León-Jiménez Franco Ernesto , Ñique-Carbajal César
Published: November 2021

Carta al editor ( Sin Resumen )
Dificultad asignada y observada de las preguntas de una prueba de rendimiento académico
Authors: Hurtado Luis
Published: November 2021

Los encargados de construir pruebas de rendimiento académico proponen un conjunto de preguntas en tres niveles de dificultad: baja, media y alta. Cuando no se cuenta con un banco de preguntas calibradas, los constructores apelan a su experiencia para estimar la dificultad de las preguntas que proponen. De este modo, previo a la aplicación, tenemos un nivel de dificultad asignado a cada pregunta de la prueba. Posteriormente, con la data recogida del patrón de respuestas de los examinados, podemos obtener el índice de dificultad de cada pregunta. Así, luego de la aplicación, tenemos un nivel observado para cada pregunta. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el grado de coincidencia entre la dificultad asignada y la observada en cada una de las preguntas en una prueba de rendimiento académico.
La influencia del neoconstitucionalismo en la construcción del precedente judicial en el derecho colombiano
Authors: Páez Quiñones Jorge Andrés
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo describe y reflexiona sobre el origen y concepto del neoconstitucionalismo en Colombia, para esto se hará una revisión doctrinal y jurisprudencial, buscando delimitar el alcance y consecuencias de esta teoría en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico. También se hace énfasis en la construcción del precedente judicial a la luz de la constitucionalización del derecho, generando un puente crítico que permita al lector entender cómo, por medio de este trasplante jurídico, la Corte Constitucional tomó elementos conceptuales para la interpretación de la Constitución de 1991.
Blending Participatory Action Synthesis and Meta-Ethnography: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Complex Community Health Transformation
Authors: Reed Kristin , Carr Tara , Rabbani Rumana , Chandler Caroline , Scaccia Jonathan , Cook Brittany , Howard Paul , Ramaswamy Rohit
Published: November 2021

Community health improvement processes are diverse and complex, and evaluation methods to gain generalizable knowledge across community settings are limited by available data, and the need for deep contextual knowledge. This article describes an innovative participatory approach to evaluation of a transformation initiative involving up to eighteen communities nationwide. The approach blends two qualitative research synthesis methods: participatory action synthesis and meta-ethnography and applies them to the pragmatic evaluation of a program in real-life settings. In this article, we present the justification for and details about the evaluation process. The approach presented here will be useful to both researchers and practitioners interested in evaluating community-based health and well-being initiatives and other complex interventions conducted in complex settings.
Cause analysis of width-dependence of on-current variability in thin gate-all-around silicon nanowire MOSFET
Authors: Liu Zihao , Mizutani Tomoko , Saraya Takuya , Kobayashi Masaharu , Hiramoto Toshiro
Published: November 2021

In this study, the width dependence of on-current variability in extremely narrow gate-all-around silicon nanowire MOSFET down to 2 nm width is analyzed by variability decomposition into components as well as analyzing the Pelgrom plot. It is found that the current variability rapidly increases below 4 nm mainly due to quantum-effect-induced threshold voltage variability and silicon-thickness-fluctuation-induced mobility fluctuation. The current variability becomes even worse in 2 nm, which is fundamentally caused by line width roughness.
A novel 1T2R self-reference physically unclonable function suitable for advanced logic nodes for high security level applications
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Lee Dai-Ying , Lee Ming-Hsiu , Tseng Po-Hao , Chen Wei-Chen , Hsieh Kuang-Yeu , Wang Keh-Chung , Lu Chih-Yuan
Published: November 2021

A self-reference resistive random-access memory (ReRAM)-based one-transistor, two-ReRAM (1T2R) physically unclonable function (PUF) is proposed to provide a hardware security feature for electrical products in the IoT/5G era. There are four advantages from the proposed structure: (1) a small cell size; (2) intrinsic randomness; (3) no programming circuit; and (4) no data retention concerns. The conduction mechanism, temperature dependency, and read fluctuation of the pristine ReRAM device are studied. An information–address separation scheme is proposed which not only reduces the impact of the read noise and the temperature effect, but also improves system integrity against hardware attacks. The proposed 1T2R PUF unit also has great potential for use as a random seed for linear-feedback shift registers in pseudo random number generators with high unpredictability, good randomness, and a high data rate.
Experimental demonstration of high-gain CMOS inverter operation at low V

dd
down to 0.5 V consisting of WSe2 n/p FETs
Authors: Kawanago Takamasa , Matsuzaki Takahiro , Kajikawa Ryosuke , Muneta Iriya , Hoshii Takuya , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tsutsui Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hitoshi
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we report on the device concepts for high-gain operation of a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter at a low power supply voltage (V

dd
), which was realized by developing a doping technique and gate stack technology. A spin-coating with a fluoropolymer and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) results in the doping of both electrons and holes to WSe2. A hybrid self-assembled monolayer/aluminum oxide (AlO
x
) gate dielectric is viable for achieving high gate capacitance and superior interfacial properties. By developing the doping technique and gate stack technology, we experimentally realized a high gain of 9 at V

dd
of 0.5 V in the WSe2 CMOS inverter. This study paves the way for the research and development of transition metal dichalcogenides-based devices and circuits.
Recent progress on AC poling of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric single crystals: a review
Authors: Sun Yiqin , Karaki Tomoaki , Yamashita Yohachi
Published: November 2021

Compared to conventional DC poling (DCP) treatment, in 2014 a novel technology, AC poling (ACP) treatment, was found to be a low-cost, time-saving and smart-process method to significantly enhance the properties of relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) ferroelectric single crystal (SC) transducers. In total, over 35 papers have been reported since 2018 in which researchers achieved a piezoelectric coefficient of (d
33) > 4000 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factors of (k
33) > 96% for the ACP SCs. In this review, we introduce the history of ACP study on relaxor-PT SCs, and our research group’s ACP study during the past three years. In particular, we focus on ACP conditions and their mechanisms of binary (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) and ternary (1-x-y)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-yPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) SCs near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Furthermore, we provide insight for further studies on optimal ACP conditions and the reduction of spurious-mode vibrations (SMVs). This work offers promising prospects and practical value for high-end ultrasonic imaging probe transducers.
The Impact of External Risks on Project Implementation in the Transport Sector
Authors: Borodulina S. A. , Kostin G. A. , Trofimova L. S.
Published: November 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the elements of assessing projects for the development of the transport sector of the Russian economy in terms of external risk assessment.

Tasks. The authors formulate the problem of the relevance of assessing external risks that have a significant impact on the development of the transport industry in the context of a pandemic and describe a risk assessment model through the example of transport infrastructure projects.

Methods. The methods of accounting and assessment of risk factors are analyzed. The proposed model is developed based on the use of the fuzzy sets method.

Results. The nature and scale of the pandemic’s impact on the major performance indicators of transport industry enterprises and the development of the transport business in 2020-2021 are determined. The impact of restrictive measures on the efficiency of transport companies has been identified and their development has been assessed as part of the implementation of industry-specific development projects. The risks of non-implementation of transport projects are discovered and described through the example of the infrastructure component. The authors focus on the assessment of environmental risks during the implementation of transport projects under unstable conditions. A model for assessing the risks of possible non-implementation of projects based on a variety of risk types and parameters is presented.

Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in the justification and selection of transport projects, helping to reduce the share of non-implemented projects under complex dynamic external conditions.
Shaped and multiple beams using planar phased arrays
Authors: Sankaravel Prasad , Meenakshi M. , Rao P. Hanumantha
Published: November 2021

Shaped and multiple beams using planar phased arrays. This paper presents a new synthesis and computation method to generate user-specified multiple beams and shaped beams in any arbitrary 3D space. The computation method can generate independently controllable simultaneous multiple beams with arbitrary peak powers. This method is extended to generate arbitrarily shaped beams, using a combination of optimally placed multiple beams at appropriate locations with specific power ratios.
Reasoned catalogue of biogenic products in Europe. An anticipatory vision between technical potentials and availability
Authors: Carcassi Olga Beatrice , Paoletti Ingrid , Malighetti Laura Elisabetta
Published: November 2021

Bio-based materials gained momentum in recent years due to their origin from raw materials capable of self-regeneration, locally available and theoretically biodegradable, as well as for their natural ability to store carbon dioxide (CO2) within the biomass. In a circular economy and within the perspective of the diffusion of information, this reasoned catalogue compares their technical and environmental properties together with their availability within the European territory. The aim is to support stakeholders towards a conscious choice of products and, during the process innovation phase, to help them choose the raw materials for the composition of new building materials/components to be included in a “circular” market.
Enabling strategies for mixed-used PEDs: energy efficiency between smart cities and Industry 4.0
Authors: Boeri Andrea , Boulanger Saveria Olga Murielle , Turci Giulia , Pagliula Serena
Published: November 2021

The Green Deal places at the centre of its policies the need to act in order to achieve climate neutrality goals by 2050. In this context, the role of cities and, in particular, of already existing buildings is relevant. Although they are responsible for 40% of energy consumption, only 1% are involved in major restructuring processes. In the context of smart city strategies and to improve their performances, Europe proposes various approaches such as Positive Energy Districts and Industry 4.0. This paper analyses case studies and innovative European projects with the aim of identifying the most relevant strategic actions. Eventually, it presents a real case in the city of Bologna as a basepoint for the reflection proposed.
Comparison of Central Corneal Thickness Measurements Using Specular Microscope, Optical Biometer and Corneal Topographer
Authors: Waseem Madiha , Hussain Mehvash , Quraishy Muhammad Muneer , Sultan Zaheer
Published: November 2021

Purpose:  To compare the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) measurements by three different devices in normal eyes.

Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Dow University of Health Sciences and Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from October 2020 to January 2021.

Methods:  80 eyes of healthy subjects aged between 20 to 50 years were included in the study. Patients with corneal pathologies, systemic disease, history of ocular surgery or trauma, high intraocular pressure and high refractive error were excluded. Subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination. Central Corneal Thickness was measured by specular microscope (Shin-Nippon SPM-700; Rexxam Co. Ltd, Takamatsu, Japan), optical biometer (AL-Scan; Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) and corneal topographer (TMS-5; Tomey corporation, Nagoya, Japan). All data entry and analysis was done on SPSS version 23. For correlation among devices, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Scatter plot was drawn for graphical presentation.

Results:  80 eyes of 80 healthy subjects (50 males, 30 females) were recruited in the study by convenient sampling. The mean age was 37.76 ± 8.35 years. Mean Central Corneal Thickness values were 515.57 ± 31.54 µm, 510.21 ± 30.11 µm, 522.03 ± 29.78 µm with specular microscope, optical biometer and corneal topographer respectively. Measurements by these devices strongly correlate with each other using Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.927 to 0.966, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:  The results of Central Corneal Thickness measurements obtained from these three devices positively correlate with each other so any of these devices can be used for its measurement.

Key Words:  Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Specular microscope, Optical biometer, Corneal topographer.
Comparison of Mean Axial Length Measured by Acoustic Biometry versus Optical Biometry
Authors: Shakir Munira , Memon Ronak Afza , Azam Mariyam , Wasim Sahira , Ali Waqas
Published: November 2021

Purpose:  To compare the mean axial length measured by acoustic biometry with optical biometry.

Design:  Descriptive observational study.

Place and Duration of Study:  Department of Ophthalmology Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi from November 2018 to April 2019.

Methods:   were 246 patients with visually significant cataract who were recruited in this study by consecutive sampling. Axial lengths were measured by non-contact optical method using Carl Zeiss IOL master. After instillation of local anesthetic, axial lengths were re-measured by contact method with A-Scan probe. All readings were taken by a single observer to avoid data collection bias. Mean and standard deviation was computed for quantitative variable i.e. age, axial length by Applanation ultra sound and axial length by optical biometry. Frequency and percentage was calculated for qualitative variables i.e. gender. Differences of axial length between the Applanation and optical biometry were compared by using pair T-test. Effect modifiers like age and gender were addressed through stratification, post stratification independent test for two groups and ANOVA for more than two groups was applied.

Results:  The average age of the patients was 58.09 ± 7.27 years. Mean axial length by optical biometry was 23.744 ± 0.74mm as compared to 22.29 ± 0.76 mm by acoustic method and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0005).

Conclusion:  Results of axial length with Optical and acoustic biometry are significantly different with p value less than 0.05. However, optical biometers fail in cases of dense media opacities where acoustic biometry in needed.

Key Words:  Cataract, Axial length, Applanation ultrasound, Optical Biometry.
Loss of Vision after Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: A Case Report
Authors: Mahar P S , Rehman Asma , Memon Abdul Sami
Published: November 2021

Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) is a common laser procedure carried out in patients with narrow or occluded irido-corneal angles at risk of developing angle closure glaucoma. Nd-YAG and Argon laser are used sequentially in our local population to create an iridotomy. Posterior segment complications are rare after this procedure and generally can occur due to direct laser induced damage. We report a 44-year old patient, who had LPI performed on his both eyes. Post laser patient complained of reduced vision in his left eye and was evaluated in our glaucoma clinic. On examination, his vision was 20/25 unaided in his right eye and 20/60 in his left eye with no further improvement. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed presence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in his left eye responsible for his reduced vision.

Key Words: Laser Peripheral Iridotomy, Cystoid Macular Edema, Argon Laser.
Demographic Characteristics and Causes of Low Vision in Children: A Hospital–Based Study from Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan , Awad Eslah Saeed , Mohamed Zoelfigar Dafalla
Published: November 2021

Purpose:  To determine the demographic characteristics and causes of low vision in children who attended Alfaisal eye center, Khartoum Sudan.

Place and Duration of Study:  Alfaisal eye Center, Khartoum, Sudan, from February 2018 to October 2020.

Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study.

Methods:  Clinical record of 105 patients who visited the low vision clinic were retrieved. Demographic features, history, ocular examination, cause of low vision, refractive state of the eye (by self-luminance streak retinoscope, and auto refractometer), and type of low vision devices used by the patients were noted. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 20.

Results:  Mean age was 11.70 ± 2.19. Seventy three percent patients had Visual Acuity(VA) less than 6/60. Majority (59%) were male patients. Commonest refractive error associated with low vision was myopia (65.71%). Retinitis Pigmentosa, congenital glaucoma, and albinism were other major causes of pediatric low vision (19.5%). Progressive Myopia was seen in 15%. About 9.5% of children presented with cataracts, nystagmus in 9.5%, and congenital refractive error in 9.5%.The cause of low vision among children was not statistically different between males and females P=0.890. More than half of the children 78.1% used glasses and about 21.9% were corrected by telescope.

Conclusion:  Retinitis pigmentosa, albinism, and congenital glaucoma were the most common causes of pediatric low vision. Common low vision devices prescribed to these children were glasses and telescopes.

Key Words:  Retinitis Pigmentosa, Congenital glaucoma, Albinism, Myopia, Cataract.
Generalized Link-Cost Function and Network Design for Dedicated Truck-Platoon Lanes to Improve Energy, Pavement Sustainability, and Traffic Efficiency
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, She Ruifeng , Ouyang Yanfeng ,   University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Published: November 2021

Recent development of autonomous and connected trucks (ACT) has provided the freight industry with the option of using truck platooning to improve fuel efficiency, traffic throughput, and safety. However, closely spaced and longitudinally aligned trucks impose frequent and concentrated loading on pavements, which often accelerates pavement deterioration and increases the life cycle costs for the highway agency. Also, effectiveness of truck platooning can be maximized only in dedicated lanes; and its benefits and costs need to be properly balanced between stakeholders. This paper proposes a network-design model to optimize (i) placement of dedicated truck-platoon lanes and toll price in a highway network, (ii) pooling and routing of ACT traffic from multiple origins and destinations to utilize these lanes, and (iii) configuration of truck platoons within these lanes (e.g., lateral displacements and vehicle separations). The problem is formulated as an integrated bi-level optimization model. The upper level makes decisions on converting existing highway lanes into dedicated platoon lanes, as well as setting user fees. The lower-level decisions are made by independent shippers regarding the choice of routes and use of platoon lanes vs. regular lanes; and they collectively determine truck traffic in all lanes. Link-cost functions for platoon lanes are obtained by simultaneously optimizing, through dynamic programming, pavement-rehabilitation activities and platoon configuration in the pavement's life cycle. A numerical case study is used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed model framework over the Illinois freeway system. It is shown that the freight traffic is effectively channelized on a few corridors of platoon lanes and, by setting proper user fees to cover pavement-rehabilitation costs, systemwide improvements for both freight shippers and highway agencies can be achieved.
STATIC AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF A PLANAR REGULAR BEAM TRUSS WITH A DOUBLE LATTICE
Authors: Кирсанов М. Н.
Published: November 2021

Предлагается схема статически определимой регулярной балочной фермы решетчатого вида. Обнаружен и исследован случай кинематического вырождения конструкции от числа панелей. Для сосредоточенной и распределенной по нижнему поясу нагрузок методом индукции с привлечением системы символьной математики выводится зависимость прогиба фермы от числа ее панелей. Прогиб вычисляется по формуле Максвелла-Мора. Полученная зависимость имеет вид полинома по числу панелей с переменными, зависящими от четности числа панелей. Получена также формула зависимости величины горизонтального сдвига подвижной опоры.

A scheme of a statically determinate regular girder truss of a lattice type is proposed. The case of kinematic degeneration of the structure from the number of panels is discovered and investigated. For concentrated and distributed loads over the lower belt, the dependence of the deflection of the truss on the number of its panels is derived by induction with the involvement of a system of symbolic mathematics. The deflection is calculated using the Maxwell - Mohr formula. The resulting dependence has the form of a polynomial in the number of panels with variables depending on the parity of the number of panels. A formula for the dependence of the magnitude of the horizontal shift of the movable support is also obtained.
ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ИННОВАЦИЙ С УЧЕТОМ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТОВ
Authors: Бекмурзаева Р.Х.
Published: November 2021

В статье подчеркивается важность учета и оценки экологических аспектов товаров, услуг и решений (технологического, организационного и маркетингового характера) во время планирования инноваций на предприятии. Приведены основные показатели, которые могут быть использованы для оценки экологичности инноваций. Осуществлен обзор программных средств, которые могут быть использованы для автоматизации процесса оценки экологических аспектов инновационных проектов и бизнеса в целом, а именно обозначены функциональные возможности, особенности использования, указаны возможности использования для планирования. Проведенное исследование показало наличие широкого спектра доступных, с точки зрения условий использования и функциональности, программных средств по оценке экологических аспектов инноваций, которые могут быть использованы для планирования и разработки инвестиционных предложений отечественными бизнес-структурами.
ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ НА БАЗЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПЛАТФОРМ
Authors: Куразова Д.А. , Куразова М.А.
Published: November 2021

Целью данной статьи является обоснование того, что трансформации в системе управления в контексте цифровых инноваций в экономике возможны, прежде всего, на основе технологических платформ. Сегодня существует не только большое количество различных платформ, например, технологических, цифровых, но и разные трактовки понятий «платформа». Концептуальные аспекты при определении процессов цифровой трансформации систем управления реальной экономикой следует рассматривать на основе системного и институционального подходов. Именно с точки зрения системного подхода можно объяснить большое разнообразие интерпретаций платформ как цифровых, технологических или информационных. А разнообразие понимания сути цифровых платформ приводит к более детальному изучению с институциональной точки зрения. Установлено, что в основе различных трансформационных процессов лежит переход от индустриально-рыночной к информационно-сетевой системе управления, что определяет исторический смысл современного этапа социального развития. Принимая во внимание принципиально разные законы функционирования этих систем, делается вывод о том, что переход от одной системы к другой является спорным и ведет к увеличению неопределенности и нестабильности. В этих условиях появляются новые требования к управлению трансформационными процессами.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ НА КАДРОВУЮ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩУЮ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors: Башарова О.Г. , Юсупов И.
Published: November 2021

В статье раскрываются вопросы угроз экономической безопасности компании во взаимосвязи с социально-экономическим развитием региона. Рассмотрено влияние таких процессов, как утечка кадров, миграция населения на кадровую безопасность компании, возможности использования государственных программ для предотвращения таких явлений.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ УПРАВЛЯЮЩИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В СФЕРЕ ЖИЛИЩНО-КОММУНАЛЬНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПРОЕКТНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА
Authors: Гайрбекова Р.С. , Джамалханова А.Х.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассмотрена концепция функционирования управляющей компании, ориентированной на реализацию проектов, повышающих удовлетворенность и уровень жизни населения. Исследована особенность функционирования управляющей организации с применением методов проектного менеджмента, проведена оценка эффектов от распространения методологии проектного управления в системе жилищно-коммунального хозяйства.
ПРИОРИТЕТНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ В РОССИИ
Authors: Байсаева М.У. , Арсамакова М.В. , Вадуев М.И.
Published: November 2021

В статье рассмотрены приоритетные направления государственной поддержки инвестиций в России – агропромышленность, авиакосмическая отрасль, тяжелая промышленность; социальные инфраструктуры – образование и наука, экология, здравоохранение и культура. Выделены модели государственной поддержки: прямое – обеспечение благоприятного институционального базиса, непосредственное государственное финансирование; опосредованное – содействие привлечению внешнего финансирования с установлением определенных ориентиров. Анализируется опыт развитых стран.
Tko su dobri učitelji?
Authors: Vanek Katarina , Matas Andrej , Karabin Petra
Published: November 2021

Biti učitelj u suvremenom društvu postaje sve izazovnije. Društvena očekivanja od učitelja konstantno rastu. Učitelji zato teže unaprjeđivanju vlastitih osobina i kompetencija. Pri tome je važno znati koje osobine ličnosti i kompetencije društvo očekuje od dobrog učitelja. Vođeni time, cilj ovog rada je cjelovito prikazati dobrog učitelja, uzimajući u obzir njegove poželjne osobine ličnosti, profesionalne kompetencije i percepciju dionika odgojno-obrazovnog procesa. Rezultati pregleda relevantne literature i dosadašnjih istraživanja ukazuju da je dobar učitelj spoj osobina ličnosti poput humanosti, mudrosti, razboritosti, upornosti i dr. te kompetencija poput ostvarivanja pozitivnih odnosa s učenicima, uspješnog upravljanja razredom, prepoznavanja važnosti motivacije i dr. Konačno, dobar je učitelj sinergija poželjnih osobina ličnosti i težnje permanentnog profesionalnog rasta. Stoga ovo istraživanje može doprinijeti praksi pri kreiranju stručnih usavršavanja i izobrazbi učitelja.
Evolution of Mercury’s Earliest Atmosphere
Authors: Jäggi Noah , Gamborino Diana , Bower Dan J. , Sossi Paolo A. , Wolf Aaron S. , Oza Apurva V. , Vorburger Audrey , Galli André , Wurz Peter
Published: November 2021

MESSENGER observations suggest a magma ocean formed on proto-Mercury, during which evaporation of metals and outgassing of C- and H-bearing volatiles produced an early atmosphere. Atmospheric escape subsequently occurred by plasma heating, photoevaporation, Jeans escape, and photoionization. To quantify atmospheric loss, we combine constraints on the lifetime of surficial melt, melt composition, and atmospheric composition. Consideration of two initial Mercury sizes and four magma ocean compositions determines the atmospheric speciation at a given surface temperature. A coupled interior–atmosphere model determines the cooling rate and therefore the lifetime of surficial melt. Combining the melt lifetime and escape flux calculations provides estimates for the total mass loss from early Mercury. Loss rates by Jeans escape are negligible. Plasma heating and photoionization are limited by homopause diffusion rates of ∼106 kg s−1. Loss by photoevaporation depends on the timing of Mercury formation and assumed heating efficiency and ranges from ∼106.6 to ∼109.6 kg s−1. The material for photoevaporation is sourced from below the homopause and is therefore energy limited rather than diffusion limited. The timescale for efficient interior–atmosphere chemical exchange is less than 10,000 yr. Therefore, escape processes only account for an equivalent loss of less than 2.3 km of crust (0.3% of Mercury’s mass). Accordingly, ≤0.02% of the total mass of H2O and Na is lost. Therefore, cumulative loss cannot significantly modify Mercury’s bulk mantle composition during the magma ocean stage. Mercury’s high core:mantle ratio and volatile-rich surface may instead reflect chemical variations in its building blocks resulting from its solar-proximal accretion environment.
Factors Related to School Readiness in Children: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study of Elementary School Children in Manado
Authors: Wangke Lydia , Joey Gregory , Masloman Nurhayati , Lestari Hesti
Published: November 2021

Objectives
School readiness is an overall condition of someone which makes him/her ready to give response or answer in a certain way to various situations. This study aims to determine the factors related to school readiness.
Methods
This is an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design, conducted at 4 elementary schools in Malalayang district, Manado, Indonesia between August – November 2018 (n=150). The significant value used is p <0.01. Data wasanalyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.
Results
Of 150 subjects there were 109 children who were ready for school and 41 children who were not ready for school. Of the five factors studied, it was found that stunted affected school readiness (OR 21.6; 95% CI: 6.68-70.32, p<0.000), maternal education status affected school readiness (OR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.75-9.63, p<0.001), socio-economic status affects school readiness (OR 5.1; 95% CI: 2.35-11.11, p<0.000), and preschool affect school readiness (OR 6.8; 95% CI: 3.1-14.9, p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, there were three factors that had an association with school readiness, namely height, preschool participation and socioeconomic status (OR 34.4; 95% CI: 7.19-166.6, p<0.001, OR 6.5; 95% CI: 2.28-18.55 p<0.0001, OR 4.8l; 95% CI: 1.59-14.92 respectively).
Conclusion
There were associations between height, maternal education status, socio-economic status and participation in preschool with school readiness. There was no association observed between the employment status of mothers and school readiness. Height of the children was strongly associated with school readiness.
Design and implementation of a low-cost IoT-based agroclimatic monitoring system for greenhouses
Authors: Collado Edwin ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, El Dorado, Panama City 0819-07289, Panama, Valdés Euribiel , García Antony , Sáez Yessica ,   Centro de Estudios Multidisciplinarios en Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología-AIP (CEMCIT-AIP)
Published: November 2021

Climate change is one of the main factors causing environmental variations that affect the crops in agriculture worldwide. These variations are expected to not only continue, but also to increase, putting future agricultural production and food security at risk. In this work, an agroclimatic monitoring system for greenhouses composed of three main parts: monitoring stations, a wireless communication network, and a data processing and visualization platform is proposed. The aim of this work is to provide a technological solution based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that helps the agricultural sector to avoid crop losses due to climate change. The proposed system consists of several monitoring stations inside and outside the greenhouse, with multiple sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity, soil humidity, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, radiation, pH, and electroconductivity. The information generated by the sensors is pre-processed and temporarily stored in the LinkIt Smart 7688 Duo microcontroller. Then, this information is sent via wireless through the inbuilt Wi-Fi module of the stations to the Thinger.io platform, where the data is processed, analyzed, and presented in real time in graphical form. Authorized users have access to this platform and can visualize the collected data from any electronic device with Internet access, following protocols to guarantee the security of the system. Using open hardware and open-source tools, and based on the IoT concept, a low-cost greenhouse monitoring system with six internal monitoring stations, one external monitoring station, and one portable monitoring station, that costs US, 180.00 was implemented. The results show that the total energy consumption of the system is approximately 20W, with a very good performance in terms of sampling time. This system was implemented in a 5000 square meter greenhouse with melon crops, where tests to evaluate the network performance within each zone in the greenhouse allowed us to consider WiFi technology to improve network coverage. Also, maximum, minimum, and average measurement values were evaluated to determine the critical levels recorded by the different sensors of agroclimatic variables during the period of study. The proposed system demonstrated to provide the agricultural sector with a low-cost, efficient, and easy-to-use tool to monitor agroclimatic variables in greenhouses that can help to prevent undesired climatic variations in advance, thus guaranteeing adequate conditions and reducing losses in production.