bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior Based on the Performance of Special Steel Moment Frames by Modified Energy Method and Force Design Method
Authors: Bagherzadeh Ramin , Riahi Nouri Abolfazl , Massoudi Mohammad Sajjad , Ghazi Mohammad , Haddad Shargh Farzan
Published: July 2022

Although conventional methods in seismic design consider such parameters as force, displacement, and ductility, the behavior of a significant number of structures that have been designed and experienced earthquakes shows that the existing criteria are insufficient and more comprehensive ones should be used. In this regard, the energy‐based design method may be considered one of the suitable solutions. This method is based on creating a balance between the input and output energy of structures. It is possible to have a more appropriate estimate of the energy input as well as dissipated energy by the structure and use it in the design of the structure. In the modified energy method that has been used in this study, control of items such as the creation of a soft story, establishment of the Strong‐Column Weak‐Beam concept, the uniform distribution of loads in the members, the nonconcentration of force and local damage, and simultaneous drift control of the structure with the optimal distribution of plastic hinges have been considered. Also, modifications have been made to the energy balance equation. In this paper, 8‐, 16‐, and 24‐story frames with lateral force resisting system of special steel moment frame have been modified by energy method and compared by the design force method of AISC code. Performance level criteria of the ASCE41‐17 code have been applied in the design, and the P − Δ effects have also been considered in the nonlinear analysis. The results show that, for the frame which is designed by the energy method, the plastic hinges are created in the upper stories and beams; however, in the frame designed by the LRFD method, several plastic hinges are formed in the columns of the upper stories, and a local mechanism is created. Also, in 8‐ and 16‐story structures, the weight of the structure which is designed by the energy method is less than that obtained by the LRFD method. The results also showed that, in contrast to the energy method, the relationships presented in the codes regarding the Strong‐Column Weak‐Beam rule cannot prevent local and undesirable mechanisms in severe earthquakes.
Distributed Control Design for Uncertain Multiagent Systems with Heterogenous High Powers
Authors: Huang Hanqiao , Mei Hantong , Zhang Di , Guo Yunhe , Zhou Ge
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a distributed asymptotic tracking control strategy is investigated by establishing filters and barrier function-based consensus control scheme to address the control of heterogenous power-chained multiagent systems (MASs) under a directed graph subject to the unknown input deadzone nonlinearities and unknown control coefficients. First, to generate estimation information from the leader, a two-order filter is exploited for every agent which solves the difficultly of the time-varying control coefficients in multiagent systems with a directed topology. Then, based on the two-order filters, prescribed performance method and barrier functions are utilized to establish the distributed tracking protocol to handle the power-chained deadzone input nonlinearities, such that the MAS can reach the global consensus while guaranteeing the prescribed tracking error performance. Using the Lyapunov stability theorem, the proof of the convergence is accomplished rigorously. Ultimately, the efficacy and advantage of the devised method are validated by two simulation examples.
Newton Linearization of the Curvature Operator in Structured Grid Generation with Sample Solutions
Authors: Piperni Pat , Talukder Maahi M.
Published: July 2022

Elliptic grid generation equations based on the Laplacian operator have the well-known property of clustering the mesh near convex boundaries and declustering it near concave boundaries. In prior work, a new differential operator was derived and presented to address this issue. This new operator retains the strong smoothing properties of the Laplacian without the latter’s adverse curvature effects. However, the new operator exhibits slower convergence properties than the Laplacian, which can lead to increased turnaround times and in some cases preclude the achievement of convergence to machine accuracy. In the work presented here, a Newton linearization of the new operator is presented, with the objective of achieving more robust convergence properties. Sample solutions are presented by evaluating a number of solvers and preconditioners and assessing the convergence properties of the solution process. The efficiency of each solution method is demonstrated with applications to two-dimensional airfoil meshes.
Ketone Body Improves Neurological Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission in Rats
Authors: Tan Yunke , Zhang Jie , Ge Qiulin , Fang Xiangshao , Song Fengqing , Yu Tao , Jiang Longyuan , Wei Yongli , Wang Peng
Published: July 2022

Ketone bodies including β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) have been proved the therapeutic potential in diverse neurological disorders. However, the role of β-HB in the regulation of neurological injury after cardiac arrest (CA) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of β-HB on brain mitochondrial dysfunction and neurological function after CA. A rat model of CA was established by asphyxia. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, control group, and β-HB group. Animals received 200 mg/kg β-HB or same volume vehicle at 10 minutes after return of spontaneous circulation by intraperitoneal injection. Neurological function was evaluated by neurologic deficit score and Y-maze. Neuronal cell loss and apoptosis were detected through hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Oxidative stress levels were determined by immunohistochemical staining of 4-hydoxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2

′

-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, mitochondrial ultrastructure of brain cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the protein expression levels of Bak, caspase 3, gasdermin D, caspase 1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and phospho-Drp1 (ser616) were measured. We found that neurological function and survival rate were significantly higher in the β-HB group compared with the control group. β-HB also reduced neurons death and neurological oxidative stress after CA. Moreover, β-HB reduced neurological injury from apoptosis and pyroptosis after CA. In addition, β-HB maintained the structural integrity of brain mitochondria, prevented mitochondrial fission, and increased brain energy metabolism after CA. In conclusion, β-HB beneficially affected the neurological function of rats after global cerebral ischemia, associated with decreased mitochondrial fission, and improved mitochondrial function. Our results suggest that β-HB might benefit patients suffering from neurological dysfunction after CA.
Effect of Perioperative Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Long-Term Outcomes in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Results from the CLASS-01 Trial
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhan , Weng Binshu , Qiu Yaopeng , Feng Hao , Zhang Renyi , Zhang Jiachen , Hu Yanfeng , Yu Jiang , Li Guoxin , Liu Hao
Published: July 2022

Background. Little is known about the relation between perioperative inflammatory changes and long-term survival in cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the association of perioperative serum interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels with the 5-year overall survival in locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods. The 135 eligible patients in one center of Nanfang Hospital were retrieved from CLASS-01 trial (NCT01609309), an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical noninferiority trial conducted at 14 centers in China. Serum IL6 and TNFα levels were tested before surgery, and on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD3, and POD5, respectively, referring to IL6_0, IL6_1, IL6_3, and IL6_5 and TNFα_0, TNFα_1, TNFα_3, and TNFα_5. Kaplan-Meier methods and COX models were used for survival analysis. Results. High levels of IL6_0 (≥3.67 pg/mL) and TNFα_0 (≥14.8 pg/mL) presented worse disease-free survival (DFS) (

P
=
0.0057

for IL6_0 and

P
=
0.0014

for TNFα_0) and overall survival (OS) (

P
=
0.0021

for IL6_0 and

P
=
0.0019

for TNFα_0). Both high IL6_0 and high IL6_5 levels indicated worse prognosis than other combinations (

P
=
0.0045

for DFS and

P
=
0.0022

for OS). In multivariate analysis, both high IL6_0 and high IL6_5 levels were significantly associated with poor DFS (

HR
=
4.29

, 95% CI: 1.42-12.95,

P
=
0.01

) and OS (

HR
=
4.11

, 95% CI: 1.35-12.49,

P
=
0.013

) after adjustment of tumor stage and TNFα_0. Also, high IL6_5 level was identified as the independent-related factor for postoperative infectious complications (

OR
=
2.69

, 95% CI: 1.03-7.01,

P
=
0.043

). Conclusions. Perioperative high serum IL6 and TNFα levels are negatively associated with 5-year survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, indicating the potential survival benefits from perioperative anti-inflammatory treatment.
A Discovery Strategy for Active Compounds of Chinese Medicine Based on the Prediction Model of Compound-Disease Relationship
Authors: Huo Mengqi , Peng Sha , Li Jing , Zhang Yanling , Qiao Yanjiang
Published: July 2022

An accurate characterization of diseases and compounds is the key to predicting the compound-disease relationship (CDR). However, due to the difficulty of a comprehensive description of CDR, the accuracy of traditional drug development models for large-scale CDR prediction is usually unsatisfactory. In order to solve this problem, we propose a new method that integrates the molecular descriptors of compounds and the symptom descriptors of diseases to build a CDR two-dimensional matrix to predict candidate active compounds. The Matlab software draws grayscale images of CDRs, which are used as a benchmark dataset for training convolutional neural network (CNN) models. The trained model is used to predict candidate antitumor active compounds. Among the AlexNet and GoogLeNet models, we selected the GoogLeNet model for the prediction of active compounds in Chinese medicine, and its Acc, Sen, Pre, F-measure, MCC, and AUC are 0.960, 0.956, 0.965, 0.960, 0.920, and 0.964, respectively. In the prediction results of compounds, 1624 candidate CDRs were found in 124 Chinese medicines. Among them, we obtained 31 features of candidate antitumor active compounds. This method provides new insights for the discovery of candidate active compounds in Chinese medicine.
Progress and Prospects of Research on Public Services in Sports in China: Analysis in the Context of Bibliometric Ecological Civilization and Social Networks
Authors: Zhong Xiang , Jiang Chao , Li Li , Zhou Haikui
Published: July 2022

In order to better understand the current situation of Chinese public sports, this paper studies Chinese public sports. According to SATI3.2 statistics, 71 newsletters have published a total of 903 articles, of which 40 newsletters have one article, 19.7% of the newsletters have 2–9 books, and 17 magazines have more than 10 issues. The results show that by measuring data, we can better understand the current state of China’s public services. This paper uses the method of bibliometric analysis to sort out and summarize the policies, characteristics, hotspots, and trends of China’s public service field under the social network environment. The survey shows that the education sector has paid less for public entertainment in recent years. The research direction is system, equity, government procurement, interest, capital allocation, strategy, and supply chain. This paper highlights that the shortcomings of public sports research in our country: “public sports services” and “public sports services” are not integrated; there are many macrostudies on public service sports but few microstudies; there is no track and field research for special public groups. This paper puts forward research guidance for China’s public sports services and, at the same time, strengthens the research on public services of different products of rural sports development, strengthens the research on the intelligence of sports public services, and strengthens the research on the role of public sports. Governments at all levels support and strengthen research on public sports service standards, strengthen research on public sports performance measurement measures, and strengthen public sports balance research.
Therapeutic Potential of a Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist for Calcium Channel Blocker-Associated Edema with Vasospastic Angina
Authors: Toda Kojiro , Fujino Masashi , Murai Kota , Noguchi Teruo
Published: July 2022

Calcium channel blocker- (CCB-) associated peripheral edema does not resolve without CCB discontinuation or dose reduction. However, renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors have been reported to be effective for CCB-associated edema. We report a case of vasospastic angina with refractory CCB-associated edema. A 78-year-old man had refractory edema induced by a CCB. It was successfully treated with tolvaptan, an active vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. The aim of this case report is to understand the mechanism and treatment of CCB-associated peripheral edema and how tolvaptan affects peripheral edema.
Children and Adolescent Dental Age Estimation by the Willems and Al Qahtani Methods in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Prakoeswa Beshlina Fitri Widayanti Roosyanto , Kurniawan Arofi , Chusida An’nisaa , Marini Maria Istiqomah , Rizky Beta Novia , Margaretha Mieke Sylvia , Utomo Haryono , I’zaaz Darmawan Anugerah , Aisyah Andini Kamilia Nur , Alias Aspalillah , Wahjuni Otty Ratna , Marya Anand
Published: July 2022

Objectives. Dental age estimation has been employed in a range of legal operations as well as catastrophe victim identification. Dental age estimation is regarded as an appropriate method for estimating a person’s age because there is a high association between age and teeth. This study aims to assess the suitability of the Al Qahtani and Willems dental age estimation approaches for the Indonesian children and adolescent population. Methods. A total of 150 panoramic radiographs of patients (75 boys and 75 girls, 6‐17 years old) were obtained from the Department of Radiology, Airlangga University, Indonesia. One researcher analyzed estimated dental age (EDA) twice in a one‐week time‐lapse using the Willems and Al Qahtani methods. The statistical analysis of the present study was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results. The mean of this study’s chronological age (CA) was 11.60 ± 3.41. Using the Willems method, the mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls was ‐0.41 ± 0.90. The mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls is 0.33 ± 0.61 using the Al Qahtani method. Conclusions. According to the findings of this investigation, the dental age estimation method proposed by Al Qahtani and Willems can be applied to the population in Surabaya. However, a comprehensive study is required when using this method because the data revealed significant statistical disparities between the two methods.
Data Cooperative Distribution Mechanism of Internet of Vehicles Using D2D Technology
Authors: Chen Xuejuan , Chu Gaofeng
Published: July 2022

In recent years, with the advancement of the automotive industry and the innovation of electronic technology, issues related to the field of Internet of Vehicles (IoV for short) have received increasing attention. Existing communication technologies can no longer meet the demands of high mobility, low latency, high reliability, and massive streaming data distribution faced by IoV in the future. As one of the key technologies of 5G, D2D communication technology can effectively alleviate the above challenges faced by IoV. This technology not only allows terminals to perform point-to-point direct communication within a certain range but also allows data forwarding between receiving terminals, thereby improving the data distribution efficiency of the IoV, which injects new impetus into the development of the IoV business in the future. However, existing cooperative distribution algorithms between terminals do not fully consider the differences in D2D links, making it difficult to achieve efficient use of spectrum resources. To address this problem, this paper proposes a cooperative data distribution algorithm based on multihop relay in the IoV environment where D2D is used to realize flexible terminal communication between vehicles, including both multicast and unicast modes. The algorithm adaptively selects the optimal relay, route, and number of transmission hops based on the D2D link quality to find the optimal cooperative distribution scheme to achieve the goal of optimizing the energy efficiency of the requesting vehicle. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing one-hop unicast and one-hop multicast forwarding algorithms, the multihop relay data cooperative distribution algorithm proposed in this paper exhibits strong global optimization ability and can significantly improve D2D forwarding resource utilization and data transmission rate and improve the throughput of data distribution services, thereby effectively improving the energy efficiency of the requesting vehicle.
A Hypoxia-Related lncRNA Signature Correlates with Survival and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhong Xinyang , He Xuefeng , Wang Yaxian , Hu Zijuan , Yu Deshui , Huang Huixia , Zhao Senlin , Wei Ping , Li Dawei
Published: July 2022

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal in cancer progression and correlate with the survival outcome of patients. However, the role of hypoxia-related lncRNAs (HRLs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains largely unknown. Herein, we developed a hypoxia-related lncRNA signature to predict patients’ survival and immune infiltration. The RNA-sequencing data of 500 CRC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and HRLs were selected using Pearson’s analysis. Next, the Cox regression analysis was applied to construct a risk signature consisting of 9 HRLs. This signature could predict the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients with high accuracy in training, validation, and entire cohort. This signature was an independent risk factor and exerted predictive ability in different subgroups. Functional analysis revealed different molecular features between high- and low-risk groups. A series of drugs including cisplatin showed different sensitivities between the two groups. The expression pattern of immune checkpoints was also distinct between the two clusters in this model. Furthermore, the high-risk group had higher immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE score and a more repressive immune microenvironment than the low-risk group. Moreover, MYOSLID, one of the lncRNAs in this signature, could significantly regulate the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of CRC.
PIM2 Expression Induced by Proinflammatory Macrophages Suppresses Immunotherapy Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jun-Cheng , Chen Dong-Ping , Lu Shi-Xun , Chen Jin-Bin , Wei Yuan , Liu Xue-Chao , Tang Yu-Hao , Zhang Rongxin , Chen Jian-Cong , Kan Anna , Xu Li , Zhang Yao-Jun , Hou Jiajie , Kuang Dong-Ming , Chen Min-Shan , Zhou Zhong-Guo
Published: July 2022

Cancer immunotherapy restores or enhances the effector function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, but the efficacy of immunotherapy has been hindered by therapeutic resistance. Here, we identify the proto-oncogene serine/threonine protein kinase PIM2 as a novel negative feedback regulator of IFNγ-elicited tumor inflammation, thus endowing cancer cells with aggressive features. Mechanistically, IL1β derived from IFNγ-polarized tumor macrophages triggered PIM2 expression in cancer cells via the p38 MAPK/Erk and NF-κB signaling pathways. PIM2+ cancer cells generated by proinflammatory macrophages acquired the capability to survive, metastasize, and resist T-cell cytotoxicity and immunotherapy. A therapeutic strategy combining immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with IL1β blockade or PIM2 kinase inhibition in vivo effectively and successfully elicited tumor regression. These results provide insight into the regulatory and functional features of PIM2+ tumors and suggest that strategies to influence the functional activities of inflammatory cells or PIM2 kinase may improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Significance:

Cross-talk between T cells and macrophages regulates cancer cell PIM2 expression to promote cancer aggressiveness, revealing translational approaches to improve response to ICB in hepatocellular carcinoma.
DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Subgroups of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Distinct Immune Cell Composition, DNA Methylation Age, and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Guidry Kayla , Vasudevaraja Varshini , Labbe Kristen , Mohamed Hussein , Serrano Jonathan , Guidry Brett W. , DeLorenzo Michael , Zhang Hua , Deng Jiehui , Sahu Soumyadip , Almonte Christina , Moreira Andre L. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Papagiannakopoulos Thales , Pass Harvey , Snuderl Matija , Wong Kwok-Kin
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, which is highlighted by the unpredictable recurrence in low-stage tumors and highly variable responses observed in patients treated with immunotherapies, which cannot be explained by mutational profiles. DNA methylation–based classification and understanding of microenviromental heterogeneity may allow stratification into clinically relevant molecular subtypes of LUADs.

Experimental Design:

We characterize the genome-wide DNA methylation landscape of 88 resected LUAD tumors. Exome sequencing focusing on a panel of cancer-related genes was used to genotype these adenocarcinoma samples. Bioinformatic and statistical tools, the immune cell composition, DNA methylation age (DNAm age), and DNA methylation clustering were used to identify clinically relevant subgroups.

Results:

Deconvolution of DNA methylation data identified immunologically hot and cold subsets of LUADs. In addition, concurrent factors were analyzed that could affect the immune microenvironment, such as smoking history, ethnicity, or presence of KRAS or TP53 mutations. When the DNAm age was calculated, a lower DNAm age was correlated with the presence of a set of oncogenic drivers, poor overall survival, and specific immune cell populations. Unsupervised DNA methylation clustering identified six molecular subgroups of LUAD tumors with distinct clinical and microenvironmental characteristics.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that DNA methylation signatures can stratify LUAD into clinically relevant subtypes, and thus such classification of LUAD at the time of resection may lead to better methods in predicting tumor recurrence and therapy responses.
Transcriptomic Correlates of Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and Response to Nivolumab Monotherapy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Denize Thomas , Hou Yue , Pignon Jean-Christophe , Walton Emily , West Destiny J. , Freeman Gordon J. , Braun David A. , Wu Catherine J. , Gupta Saurabh , Motzer Robert J. , Atkins Michael B. , McDermott David , Choueiri Toni K. , Shukla Sachet A. , Signoretti Sabina
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) is associated with response to anti-PD-1-based therapies in some tumor types, but its significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is uncertain. We leveraged tumor heterogeneity to identify molecular correlates of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC and assessed their role in predicting response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy.

Experimental Design:

RNA sequencing was performed on paired TC PD-L1 positive and negative areas isolated from eight ccRCC tumors and transcriptomic features associated with PD-L1 status were identified. A cohort of 232 patients with metastatic ccRCC from the randomized CheckMate-025 (CM-025) trial was used to confirm the findings and correlate transcriptomic profiles with clinical outcomes.

Results:

In both the paired samples and the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was associated with combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation–related pathways, upregulation of T-cell activation signatures, and increased tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes. A molecular RCC subtype characterized by combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation–related pathways (previously defined by unsupervised clustering of transcriptomic data) was enriched in TC PD-L1 positive tumors and displayed longer progression-free survival (HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.83) and higher objective response rate (30% vs. 0%, P = 0.04) on nivolumab compared with everolimus.

Conclusions:

Both TC-extrinsic (immune-related) and TC-intrinsic (cell proliferation–related) mechanisms are likely intertwined in the regulation of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC. The quantitation of these transcriptional programs may better predict benefit from anti-PD-1-based therapy compared with TC PD-L1 expression alone in ccRCC.
Interaction Competencies with Children – Development and Theory of Change of a Preventative Intervention for Teachers in the Context of Socially Accepted Violence
Authors: Kirika Anette , Hecker Tobias
Published: July 2022

Violence against children is a global problem and has massive negative consequences for individuals and society. In many countries violence in education is socially accepted and widespread. Violence against children has multiple individual and societal causes and maintaining factors. Even in schools, children are frequently exposed to violence, which speaks to the need for school-based preventative approaches. The target group for preventative interventions should primarily be the individuals perpetrating the violence – in this context: teachers. The causal factors should be addressed comprehensively while accounting for the scarcity of resources in these contexts. This overview describes and discusses the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children – for Teachers and its mechanisms of change. The intervention is a 5.5-day training workshop for teachers in societies where violent discipline is accepted. The aim of the intervention is a behaviour change in teachers. A central component is the dynamic of the intervention, which enables a readiness in teachers to change their behaviour, improving teachers’ competence, and increasing their motivation to act. Further, the intervention operates on different levels in that it addresses normative aspects at the school system level as well as individual factors. How different methods and topics operate and interact at the individual and school levels should be addressed through future evaluations of the process of behaviour change.
A Case of Perimesencephalic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis due to Stenosis of the Junction of the Vein of Galen and Rectus Sinus
Authors: Sakashita Kyoya , Miyata Kei , Saito Ryohei , Sato Ryota , Kim Sangnyon , Mikuni Nobuhiro
Published: July 2022

Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) is a group of diseases characterized by bleeding around the brainstem. In recent years, it has been suggested that PMSAH is associated with the venous system. We report a case of PMSAH caused by stenosis of the junction of the vein of Galen (VG) and the rectus sinus (RS). A 39-year-old man presented with restlessness at work. He was administered diazepam, and a few minutes later, his consciousness became clear. Imaging showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) around the right midbrain, occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and the right transverse sinus, stenosis of the junction of the VG and RS, T2 hyperintensity in the right middle temporal gyrus, and obstruction of the right vein of Labbe. The location of the SAH coincided with stenosis of the junction of the VG and RS. PMSAH was diagnosed due to the increase in intracranial venous pressure caused by the patient’s sinus obstruction in addition to the stenosis of the junction of the VG and RS. It is necessary to pay attention to venous return when PMSAH is observed.
Reverse Remodeling Following Valve Replacement in Coexisting Aortic Stenosis and Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Nitsche Christian , Koschutnik Matthias , Donà Carolina , Radun Richard , Mascherbauer Katharina , Kammerlander Andreas , Heitzinger Gregor , Dannenberg Varius , Spinka Georg , Halavina Kseniya , Winter Max-Paul , Calabretta Raffaella , Hacker Marcus , Agis Hermine , Rosenhek Raphael , Bartko Philipp , Hengstenberg Christian , Treibel Thomas , Mascherbauer Julia , Goliasch Georg
Published: July 2022

Background:

Dual pathology of severe aortic stenosis (AS) and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) is increasingly recognized. Evolution of symptoms, biomarkers, and myocardial mechanics in AS-ATTR following valve replacement is unknown. We aimed to characterize reverse remodeling in AS-ATTR and compared with lone AS.

Methods:

Consecutive patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) underwent ATTR screening by blinded 99mTc-DPD bone scintigraphy (Perugini Grade-0 negative, 1–3 increasingly positive) before intervention. ATTR was diagnosed by DPD and absence of monoclonal protein. Reverse remodeling was assessed by comprehensive evaluation before TAVR and at 1 year.

Results:

One hundred twenty patients (81.8±6.3 years, 51.7% male, 95 lone AS, 25 AS-ATTR) with complete follow-up were studied. At 12 months (interquartile range, 7–17) after TAVR, both groups experienced significant symptomatic improvement by New York Heart Association functional class (both
P
<0.001). Yet, AS-ATTR remained more symptomatic (New York Heart Association ≥III: 36.0% versus 13.8;
P
=0.01) with higher residual NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) levels (
P
<0.001). Remodeling by echocardiography showed left ventricular mass regression only for lone AS (
P
=0.002) but not AS-ATTR (
P
=0.5). Global longitudinal strains improved similarly in both groups. Conversely, improvement of regional longitudinal strain showed a base-to-apex gradient in AS-ATTR, whereas all but apical segments improved in lone AS. This led to the development of an apical sparing pattern in AS-ATTR only after TAVR.

Conclusions:

Patterns of reverse remodeling differ from lone AS to AS-ATTR, with both groups experiencing symptomatic improvement by TAVR. After AS treatment, AS-ATTR transfers into a lone ATTR cardiomyopathy phenotype.
Qualitative Study of Long‐Term Cardiac Arrest Survivors’ Challenges and Recommendations for Improving Survivorship
Authors: Presciutti Alex , Siry‐Bove Bonnie , Newman Mary M. , Elmer Jonathan , Grigsby Jim , Masters Kevin S. , Shaffer Jonathan A. , Vranceanu Ana‐Maria , Perman Sarah M.
Published: July 2022

Background

Cardiac arrest survivorship refers to the lived experience of long‐term survivors of cardiac arrest and the many postdischarge challenges they experience. We aimed to gather a nuanced understanding of these challenges and of survivors' perceptions of ways to improve the recovery process.

Methods and Results

We conducted 15 semistructured, one‐on‐one interviews with cardiac arrest survivor members of the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation; the interviews were conducted by telephone and recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used thematic analysis, informed by the Framework Method, to identify underlying themes regarding cardiac arrest survivorship challenges and recommendations to improve cardiac arrest survivorship. Regarding challenges, the overarching theme was a feeling of unpreparedness to confront postarrest challenges because of lack of resources, education, and appropriate expectations for recovery. Regarding recommendations, we uncovered 3 overarching themes including systemic recommendations (eg, providing appropriate resources and expectations, educating providers about survivorship, following up with survivors, including caregivers in treatment planning), social recommendations (eg, attending peer support groups, spending time with loved ones, providing support resources for family members), and individual coping recommendations (eg, acceptance, resilience, regaining control, seeking treatment, focusing on meaning and purpose).

Conclusions

We described common challenges that survivors of cardiac arrest face, such as lacking resources, education, and appropriate expectations for recovery. Additionally, we identified promising pathways that may improve cardiac arrest survivorship at systemic, social, and individual coping levels. Future studies could use our findings as targets for interventions to support and improve survivorship.
Notes on Perlodinella Klapálek, 1912 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) with a new species and a new synonym
Authors: HUO QING-BO , DU YU-ZHOU , ZWICK PETER , MURÁNYI DÁVID
Published: July 2022

After reexamining the syntype series of Perlodinella kozlovi Klapálek, 1912, a new species of Perlodinella, P. tibetensis Huo & Du sp. nov. is proposed, and a lectotype is designated for P. kozlovi. Another monotypic genus of Perlodidae, Rauserodes Zwick (1999), is considered as a synonym of Perlodinella in this paper.
The Oregon District Shooting: Reviewing the Pre-Hospital Protocols and the Role of the Resident During a Multiple Casualty Event
Authors: Walk Casey T. , Ross Ashleigh , Kranker Lindsey , Whitmill Mellissa , Ballester Michael , Parikh Priti P. , Semon Gregory , Ekeh Akpofure P.
Published: July 2022

Background: Review of multiple casualty events (MCEs) protocols in an academic trauma center and more importantly role of residents in management of MCEs has not been discussed. Also, no real-world examples have been described. This study reviews utilization of multiple casualty protocols by the area hospitals and EMS along with role of residents in one such real-world MCE

Methods: A mass shooting event in the Oregon District in Dayton, Ohio from 2019 was reviewed. MCE protocols from a Level I trauma center were reviewed as well as patient outcomes and role of residents.

Results: A total of 10 casualties were observed and 38 patients presented to hospitals throughout the city. There were 25 patients presented to the Level I trauma center, 1 to the Level II trauma center, and 12 to the Level III trauma centers in the community. Surgical and Emergency residents performed initial triage upon arrival to the ED, managed resuscitation, and performed various procedures under supervision of attending staff. A total of 5 patients required emergent surgery and 4 patients required tourniquets. All patients that were presented to the hospitals survived.

Conclusion: MCEs are going to continue, and healthcare systems should have protocols in place. Residents are a valuable resource to hospital systems that provide trauma services. Creation of a protocol with the assistance of EMS will allow first responders to utilize resources available. We recommend testing of this protocol, as an MCE in your area may not be a matter of if, but when.
Special Education Teachers of Color Retention Decisions: Findings From a National Study
Authors: Scott LaRon A. , Bell Nicholas , Dayton Meagan , Bowman Rachel W. , Evans Imani , Grillo Monica , Spence Christine , Layden Selena J.
Published: July 2022

Special education teachers of color are underrepresented in research about attrition and retention, despite evidence of their role in the academic, social, and emotional success of students of color. We used critical quantitative methods and structural equation modeling to investigate the attrition and retention variability between special education teachers (SETs) of color and White SETs. We sampled 778 SETs and found SETs of color reported higher rates of intent to remain in the profession than White SETs. SETs of color in urban schools also rated supports higher than White SETs, based on school geographical location, suggesting higher retention of SETs of color in urban schools. We offer implications for ensuring SETs of color are reflected in research, and policy and practice recommendations to move the discussion of race and teacher shortage forward in the field.
The Protective Effect of Culture on Depression During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Romanian National Study
Authors: Bartucz Monica B. , Matu Silviu A. , David Daniel O.
Published: July 2022

Previous studies indicated that collectivism represents a protective factor against depressive disorders, even among vulnerable populations. The protective effect of collectivism in relation to depressive disorders is often attributed to the social support networks available to individuals in collectivistic societies. The current study aims to investigate the protective effect of collectivism in the relationship between psychological vulnerabilities and depression. Moreover, we examined whether the protective effect of collectivism in relation to depression can be explained through the mechanism of social support. We measured individualism-collectivism for 42 Romanian counties ( n = 2,882) before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for irrational cognitions, depression, and social support were collected online during the lockdown in Romania ( n = 5,310). All instruments showed acceptable measurement and scalar invariance across regions. In a multi-level regression model, county-level collectivism was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms b = −.032, 95% CI [−0.045; −0.019], while irrational cognitions were positively associated with depression b = .474, 95% CI [0.438; 0.510]. The interaction between irrational beliefs and collectivism had a significant and negative effect on depression, b = −.004, 95% CI [−0.008; −0.000]. The indirect effect of collectivism on depression via social support was tested in a two-level SEM model. Explicit and implicit social support were not significant mediators. Collectivism was negatively associated with the perceived availability of explicit social support, b = −.043, 95% CI [−0.074; −0.012]. The results support a general protective effect of collectivism on mental health but cast doubt that the mechanism for this effect is related to social support.
Exploring the Nature, Facilitators, and Challenges of Program Coherence in a Case of Teacher Education Program Redesign Using Core Practices
Authors: Levine Thomas H. , Mitoma Glenn Tatsuya , Anagnostopoulos Dorothea M. , Roselle Rene
Published: July 2022

Scholars have called for promoting coherence in teacher education programs. Such coherence is often depicted as a state to be achieved. This article reconceptualizes coherence as a dynamic process affected by the simultaneous organizational realities of unity, conflict, and fragmentation; it also aims to clarify factors that can facilitate or challenge the work of enhancing teacher education program coherence. Drawing on a case study of program-wide redesign, we show that promoting coherence requires more than just maximizing unity (instructors’ agreement on means and ends). It also requires addressing conflict and recognizing fragmentation in ways that support what we term “pathway flexibility.” By highlighting the interplay of unity, conflict, and fragmentation, we offer a set of conceptual tools to understand and support the development of program coherence in teacher education.
Does eradication of superficial vein incompetence after superficial vein thrombosis reduce the risk of recurrence and of deep vein thrombosis? A pilot study evaluating clinical practice in Örebro county, Sweden
Authors: Åström Håkan , Blomgren Lena
Published: July 2022

Background

Elective eradication of superficial vein incompetence (SVI) is advocated after superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and to prevent recurrent SVT. However, this practice currently lacks evidence and not all SVT patients are referred.

Method

Pilot study based on retrospective review of medical records for patients in Örebro county, Sweden; diagnosed with SVT during 2019. Patients in primary care without venous intervention were compared with patients from a vascular service treated with eradication for SVI, regarding prevalence of VTE and recurrent SVT during one-year follow-up.

Results

Out of 236 records reviewed, 97(41%) were included, 44 in the vascular care, and 53 in primary care. Erroneous diagnosis and coding were common causes for exclusion. The groups differed in ultrasound verified SVT 25(47.2%) and 35(79.5%) ( p = .001), LMWH treatment 13(24.5%) and 24(54.5%) ( p = .002), and history of prior SVT 19(35.8%) and 31(70.5%) ( p = .001). There was no difference in the incidence of VTE during follow-up, 1(1.9%) and 1(2.3%) ( p = 1.000), or recurrent SVT, 7(13.2%) and 6(13.6%), respectively ( p = .951).

Conclusions

This pilot study cannot confirm if elective eradication of SVI after SVT reduces the risk of VTE and recurrent SVT, however, the incidence of VTE was low in both groups. Limitations of the study are the small sample size and the lack of duplex ultrasound in all cases in both groups at diagnosis and at follow-up. Further prospective studies on homogenous populations are needed.
The influence of school-based musical training on acculturation processes in children: Findings from a longitudinal study
Authors: Francisca Lupu Stefana , Roden Ingo , Krone Mara , Chantah Jasmin , Frankenberg Emily , Bongard Stephan , Kreutz Gunter
Published: July 2022

Previous work suggests that musical training can enhance acculturation processes. This study examined this assumption among third-graders with migrant backgrounds within a longitudinal framework. A total of 54 children (31 females; 23 males; mean age: 8.85 years) were assigned to one of three groups in a quasi-randomized procedure: (a) music training (singing or instrumental), (b) game-based mathematical training (board and card games), and (c) controls (do-nothing). We assumed that the music children showed increases in host culture orientation, perceived school integration, and in their individual self-concept in comparison to their peers with alternative or without additional training. Music children received weekly 45 min sessions over a period of 10 months. Data were collected at baseline, after one school year, and at a follow-up about six months after intervention. Results showed no advantages for music children across dependent measures. Increases of perceived school integration and self-concept were significant across groups. In sum, our results failed to replicate the main findings from previous studies. They suggest that weekly musical training over a period of 10 months might not be sufficient to improve the acculturation process or to enhance the self-concept of primary school children with a migration background.
Patrol Regimes for Traffic Officers in Transportation Asset Monitoring
Authors: Strain Tom , Wilson R. Eddie , Littleworth Roger
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using highway traffic officers (TOs) for transportation asset management (TAM) alongside their primary role of incident response. Asset data, typically captured via highway surveys on an annual basis, are unsuitable for those assets whose condition might rapidly change, such as vegetation, streetlights, guardrails, or drainage systems. Therefore, we considered as a proof-of-concept, whether data collected from dashboard cameras installed in TO vehicles might provide analysts with near real-time asset data across an entire highway network. We considered a case study of a dedicated TO fleet deployed on the strategic road network (SRN) in England, UK, and developed a simulation based on publicly available data sets. Within the simulation, TOs patrolled under two distinct regimes and responded to dynamically generated incidents. The first regime aimed to minimize the the fleet’s incident response time, and the second aimed to maximize the fleet’s coverage, with the aim of capturing asset data across the entire highway network. Overall, our simulations showed that the TOs deployed for TAM reduced the SRN junction-to-junction section intervisit time by around 1 h 45 min, whereas their incident response time only increased by about 4 min. Moreover, 17% of SRN sections were not visited at all when the TOs prioritized fast incident response, which was reduced to 2% when the TOs prioritized the capture of asset data.
Southern theories and decolonial childhood studies
Authors: Abebe Tatek , Dar Anandini , Lyså Ida M
Published: July 2022

This special issue contributes insights into ongoing debates on the politics and ethics of knowledge production in “global” childhood studies by decentering dominant, northern-centric models of childhood and using southern epistemologies. We contest the ways in which most of the world’s children have their experiences and contexts interpreted through the theoretical canons, vernaculars and institutions of northern academia. Drawing on studies that deploy indigenous, decolonial and postcolonial perspectives on the study of childhood and children in different temporal moments and spatial contexts of Africa, Latin America and South Asia, authors of papers aim to push the boundaries for ways of knowing children and doing childhood studies through cross-disciplinary, generative south-north and south-south encounters. The special issue critically engages with questions of epistemic plurality and bottom-up theorization of research with globally southern children, to both rectify the onto-epistemological imbalance in childhood studies and reinscribe indigenous knowledge systems that have received limited attention in this field thus far.
Makerspace, higher education and technical institutions
Authors: Almajali Mohammad , Al Afif Rafat , Maaith Omer
Published: July 2022

Graduates of engineering programs have to be enabled to create hardware products by having easy access to methods for designing, manufacturing, distributing and learning. Such capabilities can be hosted in makerspaces. The makerspace approach remains immature in many developing economies, such as Jordan. Academia in Jordan is considered mostly research-oriented, while the industry is concerned purely with commercial returns. However, higher education institutions in Jordan have realized that linking industry and academia is crucial for maximizing the value of research, as seen through the lens of commercial development. This study aims to establish a roadmap and framework model for developing engineering programs in Jordanian universities by establishing a makerspace to introduce hands-on teaching. Several steps must be conducted sequentially to achieve the objectives of the study, which will ultimately enhance higher education institutions in the field of engineering. The study focuses on establishing a makerspace to receive the necessary equipment to improve teaching methods and the modernization of some engineering courses. Therefore, it will help improve the quality of higher education and enhance its relevance to the labor market and society. Additionally, this trend will gain potential in the future with higher employability.