bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the interfacial bonding properties of NiAl-based composites
Authors: Sun Biao , Cao Tong , Qiu Bo , Zhang Geng , Ding Feng
Published: August 2024

NiAl-based composites with Ag2Mo2O7 addition were prepared by spark plasma sintering technology. The microstructure and interfacial bonding characteristics of NiAl-based composites were explored, and the wear mechanism was revealed at room temperature. The interfacial bonding properties were analyzed at the molecular level based on molecular dynamics. The results suggest that after sintering, Ag2Mo2O7 transforms into Ag and MoO3 phases, forming NiAl/Ag and NiAl/MoO3 interfaces. Plastic deformation and fatigue wear account for the majority of the wear mechanism in NiAl-based composites at room temperature. The binding energy of the NiAl/Ag interface is about 16% higher than that of the NiAl/MoO3 interface. Among them, the binding energy of the NiAl/Ag interface is 1.759 kcal/mol·Å2, and the binding energy of the NiAl/MoO3 interface is 1.475 kcal/mol·Å2. The fatigue spalling and microcrack of NiAl matrix composites at room temperature are attributed to the poor interfacial bonding properties between NiAl and MoO3.
Effect of ZnO on tribological properties of MoS2 dry film lubrication coatings
Authors: Duan Tao , Wang Qin , Cheng Peng , Mi Dewei
Published: August 2024

As a key component of the high-speed railway brake system, high-speed railway brake disc bolts are often lubricated with MoS2 lubrication coating, and the friction performance of the coating is a key factor in ensuring the operation of the equipment. The friction performance of the coating is a key factor to ensure the operation of the equipment. In this paper, the effect of ZnO on the friction performance of MoS2 dry film lubrication coating and the performance of MoS2 dry film lubrication coating were studied. SEM and EDS were used to characterize the coating morphology and abrasion marks, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the coating morphology and abrasion marks, and a friction and wear tester was used to study the effect of ZnO addition, particle size, and working temperature on the friction performance of the coating. It was found that the mechanism of ZnO is to harden and support the film-forming structure of the coating to ensure the integrity of the lubricant film and enhance the anti-wear performance of the coating. The optimal amount of ZnO is 5%, the optimal particle size is 30 nm, and the optimal operating temperature is 100°C. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the preparation and performance of MoS2 dry film. The results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the preparation and performance of MoS2 dry film lubrication coatings.
Mechanical properties of workpieces based on 3D printing
Authors: Zhao Mingxia
Published: August 2024

In view of the quality defects of 3D printed workpieces and insufficient mechanical properties of parts, the optimization of mechanical performance parameters of workpieces based on 3D printing was studied. Taking the FDM molding technology and 3D printing technology of PLA material as the research object, better mechanical properties of the device can be obtained by optimizing the printing temperature, filling rate, and other parameters of the workpiece spline. Experimental results show that for printing temperature, an increase in temperature will increase the ultimate strength of the material, but will also decrease the elastic modulus, so 195°C was finally selected as the processing temperature. For the filling rate and the number of contour turns, the larger the value is, the better the mechanical properties of the processed workpiece will be. The ultimate strength and elastic modulus will increase, but the elongation at break will decrease. Other parameters such as layer thickness, filling angle, etc. have less impact on mechanical properties.
Analysis of hydrodynamic performance of underwater accompanying robot based on CFD
Authors: Chen Yang , Liu Fanghua , Shao Jiawei , Miao You , Cao Yongxin
Published: August 2024

We design a novel underwater accompanying robot capable of collaborating with divers for joint operations to improve the efficiency and safety coefficient of underwater operations for divers by studying the impact of speed and drift angles on its hydrodynamic performance under various underwater conditions. Utilizing the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, applying the Realizable k − ε turbulence model, and incorporating standard wall functions for near-wall regions, Fluent software is employed to simulate fluid dynamics and solve hydrodynamic parameters for various underwater conditions and postures. Research findings indicate that conditions of horizontal straight navigation and vertical ascent/descent, pressure drag, and viscous drag on the robot exhibit a positive correlation with velocity. Experiencing variations in drift angle, the robot’s longitudinal movement is not significantly altered during horizontal maneuvering and remains consistent under the same velocity. Conversely, later resistance distinctly increases with larger drift angles. This study can offer valuable reference and insights for subsequent research on underwater accompanying robots.
Study on seismic performance of cold-formed steel frame structures based on software ABAQUS
Authors: Pan Futing , Gao Junlin , Wang Ying , Wang Tao
Published: August 2024

Cold-formed steel has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, good economy, and high construction efficiency, which is conducive to the industrialization and green development of buildings. The frame structure has many advantages, such as a flexible spatial layout, easy handling of facades, and simple construction. This study analyzes the seismic performance of cold-formed steel frame structures from three influencing factors: the floor numbers, the cross-sectional dimensions of cold-formed steel, and the strength of steel. The results indicate that the main factors affecting the seismic performance of cold-formed steel frame structures are the cross-sectional dimension and strength of the steel. The smaller the cross-sectional size of the steel is, the smaller the bending stiffness of the frame is, and the poorer the recoverability of the structure is. Under the same cross-sectional size, when the thickness of the steel is reduced by half, the horizontal bearing capacity of the structure approaches 48%. The higher the strength of the steel is, the faster its bearing capacity decreases and the worse its hysteresis performance is.
Plasticity constitutive theory considering material length parameters
Authors: Gong Zihan , Han Gaoxiao , Li Lidan , Chen Hao , Zhang Wengui
Published: August 2024

The traditional continuous medium theory introduces the homogenization assumption that the material remains constant from the macroscopic to the microscopic view, which has been successfully applied to the analysis of the macroscopic mechanical properties. When the dimensions are reduced to the microscopic view, the internal defects of the material start to appear, leading to the inhomogeneity of the material properties, which is, in practice, manifested as a ruler effect. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the material length parameter into the structural theory to model the mechanical response of new materials. Based on the theory of size effect, many scholars have carried out a large number of studies. The most widely used theories are strain gradient theory and differential nonlocal model, mainly the first strain gradient theory, the second strain gradient theory, and the simplified strain gradient theory. Some scholars define it from the kinetic point of view, but most of these consider the intrinsic relationship of elastic materials. To further investigate the plasticity intrinsic theory, some scholars have proposed the gradient plasticity theory, the nonlocal plasticity theory, and so on. In this paper, based on the previous research results, we briefly summarize the development and outlook of the plasticity eigenstructure theory under the consideration of the length parameter of the material. Then, we derive the plasticity eigenstructure relation equation, the full-volume theoretical model, and the yield criterion corresponding to the Mises material under the consideration of the endowment size of the material from the perspective of the gradient theory of plasticity, and finally, put forward a new plasticity eigenstructure theory-higher-order nonlocal gradient theory. A new plasticity constitutive theory, the higher-order nonlocal gradient theory, is finally proposed, and the defining equations and their constitutive relations are derived in detail. The proposed theory is intended to provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the microdefects in materials.
Buckling characteristics of the multi-crack egg-shaped shell under axial pressure
Authors: Lv Hao , Zhu Yongmei , Zhang Suzhou
Published: August 2024

This study focused on the buckling characteristics of egg-shaped shells with single cracks and double cracks under axial pressure. First, the geometric parameters of the egg-shaped shell were designed, and a numerical model of the egg-shaped shell was established. Then, the initial crack was introduced into the equatorial weld of the egg-shaped shell, and the effect of the crack on the buckling characteristics under different wall thicknesses was explored, as well as the influence of crack angle and crack spacing on buckling characteristics under double cracks. The results indicate that there are three buckling modes of cracked egg-shaped shells, and the transition of these three modes is influenced by the length of the crack. When the egg-shaped shell contains double cracks, the impact on the ultimate load is greater when the two cracks are parallel. When the distance between the centers of two cracks exceeds a certain distance, it can be treated as a single-crack situation. The research results have practical reference value for the design of egg-shaped shells subjected to axial loads.
Microstructure and properties of Cu-Fe alloy prepared by spray forming
Authors: Huang Su , Lin Baosen , Zhang Zerui , Li Jianping
Published: August 2024

To prevent or reduce the issue of macroscopic segregation in metastable immiscible Cu-Fe alloys during solidification, the alloys were produced using spray forming technology and subsequently cold rolled. The Cu10Fe alloy microstructure characteristics were investigated, and its mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with those of cast alloys. The results show that the alloy produced by spray formed has a well-dispersed Fe phase and the grain size is smaller, which effectively suppresses macroscopic segregation. The mechanical properties of spray-formed Cu-Fe alloys are higher than those of cast alloys, and the tensile strength and elongation of the alloys after cold rolling are 584 MPa and 2.2% respectively. The study provides valuable insights into the optimization of spray deposition techniques for producing high quality Cu-Fe alloys.
Acceleration of the synthesis of single B-YB2SI2O7 feedstocks through modifying the grain size of SIO2
Authors: Wang Zelong , Guo Donghui , Jia Xinlei , Wang Shun , Zheng Tao , Jin Runze , Zhou Zhiliang , Zhou Ning , Xu Baosheng
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to create single-phase β-Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks. Firstly, the single-phase β Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks were synthesized by using a micro-nano compound method. By adjusting the grain size of SiO2, the synthesis of β-Yb2Si2O7 was accelerated, and its mechanism was further investigated. Based on this, the appearance and phase structure of β-Yb2Si2O7 were studied, and the physical properties of β-Yb2Si2O7 were characterized. The results reveal that in the solid-phase synthesis of β-Yb2Si2O7, nano SiO2 exhibits greater advantages compared to micron SiO2 due to its nano-adsorption capacity and heightened reactivity when reacting with Yb2O3. This enhanced reactivity accelerates the production of β-Yb2Si2O7. When the molar ratio of Yb2O3 and SiO2 is 1:2.3, the single phase β-Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks were effectively manufactured by sintering at 1, 500°C for one hour. The β-Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks have a particle size distribution with d
10, d
50, and d
90 values of 20.56 μm, 33.85 μm, and 52.65 μm, respectively. The β-Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks have apparent and tap densities of 1.66 g/cm3 and 2.05 g/cm3, respectively. In summary, single-phase β-Yb2Si2O7 feedstocks can be the preferred materials for EBCs.
Experimental study on frost resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete
Authors: Li Jiuyang , Zhu Yuepeng , Luo Jingwei , Fan Xinmei , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Li , Li Fan , Zhang Zicheng
Published: August 2024

To study the application of steel fiber reinforced concrete in cold areas, a rapid freeze-thaw test was carried out for C30 grade steel fiber reinforced concrete with a steel fiber content of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, and 1.6%, respectively. The results show that in the case of increasing freezing and thawing times, the failure pattern of the specimen is aggravated obviously. However, with the addition of steel fiber, the mass loss rate of the specimen is gradually reduced, and the initial tangent modulus and flexural properties are improved. The freezing resistance of the specimens has been improved continuously. Steel fiber can effectively resist the durability damage of concrete after the freeze-thaw cycle.
Stability of viscoelastic fluid conveying pipe
Authors: Shen Yu , Wang Bo
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the dynamic stability of a pulsating fluid transport viscoelastic pipe under transverse vibration in the supported case is investigated, and a new variable-length beam element taking into account the beam rotation effect is proposed, which incorporates Kelvin-type viscoelastic intrinsic relations to describe the material properties of the beam-type pipe. Stability conditions are given for the subharmonic and combined resonance cases. Numerical models were used to analyze the stability of viscoelastic fluid pipes under the influence of different factors.
Enhanced photoluminescence efficiency and stability of CsAgCl2 by a NaCl-assisted synthesis
Authors: Zhang Jili , Li Sen , Yang Peng , Zhai Yusheng , Zhang Ruiliang , Zhang Lin , Sun Long , Su Zhan , Gao Yan , Zhang Zhifeng
Published: August 2024

Here, a NaCl (x = Na/Ag = 0.5) assisted strategy was used to synthesize pure phase CsAgCl2 micro-crystals (MCs) with enhanced photoluminescence (PL) efficiency and stability. Adding a certain amount of NaCl during the preparation could result in high purity of final CsAgCl2 products and higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), better heat, UV light irradiation, and moisture stability. The CsAgCl2 MCs synthesized in this study displayed a wide PL spectrum spanning from 350 to 750 nm, featuring a peak emission at 544 nm and achieving a remarkable peak PL quantum yield (PLQY) of 73%. The extensive PL spectrum and a substantial Stokes shift of 260 nm provide evidence for the emission mechanism attributed to self-trapped excitons (STEs) within the CsAgCl2 MCs. The dual STE emission originated from two emitting triplet excited states and was observed in the low-temperature PL spectra. A thermal-assisted energy transfer happened with the temperature increase (10~300K), contributing to the efficient STE emission of CsAgCl2 MCs. In conclusion, the pristine CsAgCl2 MCs were employed as a sole phosphor material for encapsulating a 270 nm UV chip for white light-emitting diode (WLED) applications. Despite exhibiting a half-lifetime of 35 minutes under a continuous driving current of 10 mA, the WLED demonstrated notable stability in CCT, CRI, and CIE color coordinates. The resulting device emitted warm white light, characterized by Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) color coordinates of (0.48, 0.45), a low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2734 K, and a high color rendering index (CRI) of 81.9. These results demonstrated the unique advantages of CsAgCl2 MCs in high-performance single-phosphor WLEDs.
Biaxial tension test of soft materials
Authors: Li Minxing , Yang Ming , Wang Huiming , Bao Ronghao
Published: August 2024

A specific loading machine is designed and fabricated to test the constitutive properties of soft materials by biaxial tension in this study. The finite element model under ABAQUS is launched to simulate the biaxial tension of a squared specimen, and it is verified by a theoretical model. Using the finite elements model, the effects of clamping conditions of the squared samples, including the clamping width, clamping depth, and clamping numbers, are systematically studied, which helps improve future machine design. The comparison of numerical results with experimental results is conducted by equibiaxial test and pure shear test. Finally, a novel testing procedure is suggested with the combination of numerical simulation and practical experiments to enhance the testing result.
Application evaluation of TORSION DRILLING string
Authors: Zhang Zengbao , Lv Jianbo , Zhu Xiaoming , Liu Yuxin
Published: August 2024

The drill string torsion system, represented by Slider and Rocket, has been widely used around the world. It provides a solution with a high performance-price ratio to solve the problem of supporting pressure in sliding drilling. In recent years, the torsional system of drill string has been applied to a certain extent in China and has achieved good results in reducing resistance and increasing speed. Based on the analysis of the system composition, system functions, technical advantages, and application of the TORSION DRILLING string TORSION system, this paper summarizes the results of the field application of the system, some problems that need to be solved urgently and the improvement measures to be taken are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the application statistics of more than ten wells show that the torsional system of drill string can reduce the friction by more than 70% and increase the directional penetration rate by 20-300% when the supporting pressure is serious; (2) the angle torsion control is superior to torque torsion control in practicability, tool face placement and control, but the angle control depends on the availability of rotary table or top drive motor encoder, which brings great inconvenience to the popularization and application; (3) the current drill string torsion system suffers from a lack of automation, relying heavily on the expertise of field personnel, which limits its effectiveness. In response to these shortcomings, there is an urgent need to develop automatic torsion control software to enhance the system’s intelligence and efficiency. It is concluded that the TORSION DRILLING string TORSION system can significantly reduce directional friction, decrease the number and time of swinging tool face, increase the length and time of single directional DRILLING, and greatly increase the directional rop, to meet the requirements of torsion directional process.
Experimental study on the friction characteristics of the interface between piles and coral reef rock
Authors: Zhang Shoulong , Sang Dengfeng , Feng Guanghua , Su Shiding
Published: August 2024

The study aims to conduct coral reef rock-pile wall interfacial shear tests using a modified pile-soil interfacial ring shear instrument to gain insight into the friction characteristics between the two. The tests examined the interfacial friction behavior between the pile and the coral reef rock by simulating the engineering environment. Changing the different pressure conditions systematically recorded the change pattern of the friction characteristics. The test results show that there are significant differences in the friction characteristics between piles and coral reef rock under different environmental conditions, which provides a valuable reference for the design and construction of pile foundations in actual engineering.
A novel process on recyclable particle materials used for aggregate columns
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Wang Yajun , Zhang Zuguo , Zheng Huifeng
Published: August 2024

The study focused on the creative development of aggregate column materials and technologies. The seawater (SW) and alkaline agents (AA) were invited to create the recyclable particle materials (RPMs) that were used for the construction of the aggregate columns in the marine environment. The building solid waste (BSW) was utilized to produce the fine powder the chemical activity of which was restored with the help of AA and marine processes. The created products in the study were the RPMs that were also cured in the marine environment. The mechanical and chemical properties were investigated with comprehensive approaches including UCT (uniaxial compression tests), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and XRD (X-ray Diffraction). The investigation on the mechanical and chemical properties of the RPMs was carried out at three ages inclusive of 8-day, 49-day, and 583-day. The results from UCTs reported that the UCS (uniaxial compression strength) of RPMs reached 7.29 MPa at 583-day age even in the marine environment. EDS analysis detected the predominant element of RPMs and it was guaranteed that Al, Ca, and Si developed continuously with the age accumulation. Based on XRD and SEM exploration, the principal hydration products and compounds of RPMs used in the aggregate columns included C-S-H, C-A-H, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H, and CaCO3. Particularly, the salt complexes generated in RPMs filled compactly the microscopic pores of RPMs, which resulted in its densified framework.
Research on engineering selection methods for electromagnetic lines and insulation materials of UHV converter transformers under extreme margin conditions
Authors: Yu Xinru , Wu Chao , Cheng Huanchao , Wang Chaohua , Zhao Yongfeng , Deng Junyu
Published: August 2024

As the transmission capacity of the ± 800 kV ultra-high voltage project is increased to 10 GW and the ± 1100 kV project capacity is increased to 12 GW, the requirements for the flow level of various equipment have been improved. Due to the limited overall design size, the design margin of the converter transformer is approaching its limit. Due to the weight of a single converter transformer reaching hundreds of tons and the huge amount of material used, the physical property testing for a single electromagnetic wire and a single insulating cardboard in the existing IEC standards can no longer meet the requirements for engineering use. This study focuses on the main materials of converter transformers and researches material selection methods for the operating conditions of ultra-high voltage equipment. The selection scheme for electromagnetic wires, insulating cardboard, and insulating screws of ultra-high voltage converter transformers has been determined. The results of this study can be used to select converter transformer materials in ultra-high voltage engineering and improve the reliability of power equipment operation.
Influence of high strain rate and catalyst concentration on dynamic impact behavior of vitrimers
Authors: Xiang Rui , An Le
Published: August 2024

Vitrimers are dynamically cross-linked networks with dynamic covalent bonds, possessing attractive mechanical robustness, self-healing, re-processability, recyclability, and shape memory properties. Therefore, vitrimers hold promise for applications including aerospace and transportation, in which cases the structures will inevitably be subjected to dynamic loading. The objective of this study was to characterize the dynamic impact behavior of vitrimers utilizing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experiments. Five kinds of vitrimers containing different concentrations of catalyst Zn(acac)2 of 0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 10 mol% and two strain rates 2000 s-1 and 4000 s-1 are considered. These vitrimers exhibit strain rate dependence, whose yield stress and strain softening effect is enhanced when the strain rate is increased from 2000 s-1 to 4000 s-1. Catalyst concentration significantly affects the dynamic performance, and the vitrimer with 10 mol% catalyst shows the most pronounced strain softening, the highest yield stress, and the best impact energy absorption properties. The results provide fundamental data and strategies for improving the impact resistance of epoxy for engineering applications.
Study on the structure of the cowl based on optimal water dynamic characteristics
Authors: Wang Tian , Li Mingxuan , Tang Jia , Liu Yuhan , Li Wenbo
Published: August 2024

Fluid mechanics makes us realize the complexity and variability of the fluid force, so the shape of the fluid contact surface will have a great impact on the energy capture power of the generator set. In this paper, a symmetrical airfoil deflector is designed to improve the energy capture power and the conversion efficiency of the current energy unit under the condition of low flow velocity, and the selection of parameters such as inner diameter, chord length, and angle of attack and their growth effects are analyzed by finite element analysis. The three-dimensional finite element model of the underwater fairway is established by using the ANSYS finite element method. Through finite element calculation and analysis, the velocity vector diagram is obtained. The results show that the speed increase efficiency of the aerofoil baffle is 80% higher than that of the traditional one, and the energy capture power is greatly increased.
Generalized mixed element method of plane problems in cartesian coordinate and its applications
Authors: Tian Yunze , Qing Guanghui
Published: August 2024

In finite element methods, constructing elements in Cartesian coordinates facilitates the introduction of interpolation functions with mechanical properties. This article will start from the generalized mixed variational principle and establish an 8-node mixed finite element method based on the expression of rational finite elements in the Cartesian coordinate system, in which the stress interpolation function satisfies the equilibrium equation of two-dimensional problems. This element provides convenience for the introduction of stress boundary conditions and can solve both displacement and stress variables simultaneously. The numerical analysis of several classic examples shows that the stress interpolation function satisfying the equilibrium equation can improve the accuracy of numerical results for displacement and stress fields. Especially for the sparse mesh model, the accuracy of the shear stress results is significantly better than that of the conventional displacement element.
Numerical simulation of single abrasive grain grinding of silicon carbide surface
Authors: Guo Zhiquan , Ma Luchao
Published: August 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are extensively employed in aerospace and mechanical manufacturing owing to their outstanding material properties. However, their inherent high hardness and brittleness pose challenges in product processing. Utilizing the classical Johnson-Holmquist (JH-2) constitutive model in finite element simulation technology can facilitate the analysis of the impact of various grinding parameters on material surface damage. This approach yields valuable insights for selecting optimal processing parameters. The simulation of SiC surface grinding with single diamond abrasive grains demonstrates that grinding force increases with grain penetration depth. The resulting stress elevation promotes the accumulation of surface cracks, exacerbating material surface damage and abrasive wear. Furthermore, the damage to SiC surfaces is affected by grinding speed. A higher speed can lower grinding force, reduce abrasive wear, and enhance SiC surface smoothness. Nonetheless, increasing grinding speed also elevates residual stress in the workpiece due to higher kinetic energy. Hence, controlling the grinding wheel speed within a specific range and minimizing wheel surface penetration depth can effectively enhance SiC surface processing quality and prolong tool lifespan.
Analysis of ventilation conditions in the rumoh aceh exhibition museum
Authors: Muslimsyah  , Nizarli  , Safwan  , Edytia M H A , Huda K , Muftiadi
Published: August 2024

The traditional Acehnese house museum, which serves as the research focus in analyzing the ventilation conditions for air exchange. The air conditioning system in this house only uses natural ventilation which is channeled through the ventilation in the house. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the performance of the passive cooling system against the provisions in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). This study uses an experimental method. Data collection techniques in the form of measurement data using a Digital Anemometer and also the ACPH (Air Changes Per Hour) calculation system, and minimum opening area. The results of this study refer to SNI by modifying the data obtained from the measurement results and comparing them with the level of thermal comfort according to the index used. The results that can be concluded from this study are the wind speed with the highest value on the east side of 0.45 m/s and the lowest value of 0.28 m/s on the south side and with an average wind speed of 0.36 m/s per side, which is in accordance with the SNI-03-6572-2001 index with a minimum wind speed of 0.25 m/s. The average value of ACPH at Rumah Aceh is 4.06 times per hour, meaning that the value meets the standard requirement for air change, which is worth 1-5 times. While the percentage value of the minimum opening area to the floor is 11.5% where this figure already meets the minimum opening which is equal to 10% of the floor area and a maximum of 20% of the floor area.
Indoor Air Quality inside Smoking Rooms with Air Conditioning. Case study : smoking rooms in public areas
Authors: Wicaksana Yoas , Winarto Yosafat , Yuliani Sri
Published: August 2024

Indoor air quality is influenced by chemicals substances from within the room and external factors. Smoking room with air conditioning in a coffee shop is an attractive choice for smokers even though room users rarely understand the actual room air quality conditions. The research aims to evaluate the potential decrease in indoor air quality for smoking room equipped with air conditioning in coffee shops. The study was conducted at 2 coffee shops in Surakarta, Indonesia by measuring air quality parameters, including PM2.5, PM10, and the CO2 concentration produced by cigarette smoke, the particulate meter was placed in the smoking room, and the open space around the coffee shop, measurements were carried out for 3 days in a row at the same time each day. The data collected is analyzed using multiple linear regression methods. The results of the research showed that the indoor air quality of smokers with air conditioning has higher particulate concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and CO2 above air quality standards set by Indonesian ministry of health. The results of the research are recommendations for improving air quality, considering alternative design solutions, such as using smoke suckers and improved ventilation designs in coffee shops that provide smoking rooms with air conditioning.
Evaluating the Spatial Planning Intervention for Better Cities Post-Pandemic
Authors: Hashim Noor Ismah , Rani Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Mohd , Kamarudin Khairul Hisyam , Wahab Yusrin Faiz Abd
Published: August 2024

Cities play a significant role in ensuring sustainable economic growth, directly impacting the quality of livelihood among their inhabitants. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a substantial impact on the changes in the city function that have changed the way people interact in cities. Spatial planning interventions have the potential to be pursued post-pandemic because some spaces have become abandoned, underutilised, or have changed their purpose due to the pandemic. In line with this, the present study aims to discuss the issues that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to cities and evaluate how spatial planning interventions would build back better cities post-pandemic. The data was collected using the qualitative research approach via semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Five representatives from five countries within the Asia Pacific (Australia, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore) were gathered to select the interviewees. Four interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams due to travel restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, while one was conducted face-to-face (Malaysia). Subsequently, a hybrid Focus Group Discussion (FGD) involving eight participants was conducted to verify and validate the information gathered. Data collected was later analysed using the thematic analysis technique. Key findings revealed that the spatial planning intervention includes the adaptive reuse of space, zoning modification, smart city, 15-minute city and natural resources preservation and conservation. The interventions can also be part of the response, mitigation, and preparedness strategy for future pandemic attacks. In addition, it contributes to adaptive and disaster-resilient cities that can support sustainable development.
The Role of Lighting on the Atmosphere of the Reading-Room USK Library Journal
Authors: Umayrah Elda , Nursaniah Cut , Irwansyah Mirza , Qadri Laila , Huda Khairul
Published: August 2024

Lighting is an important element in architectural design, especially for spaces that accommodate reading activities. The role of lighting is to create a comfortable atmosphere in learning, reading and writing activities. This paper discusses lighting in the journal room of the Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK) library, especially in the reading area and book storage shelves, to determine the effect of the role of lighting in creating an atmosphere that can provide visual comfort for library room users. The method used is observation and assessment through the study of literature related to this study. The results and conclusions drawn are explained descriptively in accordance with the observations made by the researcher. The role of lighting in the room under study has not been maximized, due to the uneven distribution of lighting, and there is no lighting that gives a visual impression that creates an aesthetic effect. Further research is needed to calculate light requirements and re-design the room to address visual discomfort and meet required lighting standards.
Experimental Study of the Room Temperature and Relative Humidity in Javanese House in Baluwarti, Surakarta Sunanate Palace
Authors: Marlina Avi , Ariawan Dody , Adriyanto Feri , Harsito Catur
Published: August 2024

Controlling temperature and relative humidity in storage and exhibition areas is crucial for the long-term preservation of cultural heritage buildings. In this research, temperature and relative humidity measurements were conducted in the cultural heritage buildings, namely Javanese houses in Baluwarti, which is located in Surakarta Sunanate Palace. The study aimed to predict undesirable indoor environmental conditions such as excessively high or low relative humidity. Measurements were taken by recording room temperature and humidity three times a day for Pendopo Room in the Javanese House. The accuracy results were categorized as high, medium, and low based on the measurement data. The measured sensor data of temperature and humidity in the rooms were then compared with the climate data for a period of seven days. Both types of data were collected, and these data could make analized using surfer v.25 of the distribution of room temperature and humidity in the Baluwarti Javanese houses. The highest temperature in the Pendopo room is 32.3 °C in the western area of the Pendopo room during the day. In comparison, the highest humidity is 77.9% in the southern region in the morning. The lowest temperature was found at 27.0 °C in the south in the morning. In comparison, the lowest relative humidity is 59.8% in the middle area of the Pendopo room during the day. The results of this study can be used to understand the distribution of room temperature and humidity and to predict room temperature and humidity, thereby giving longer protection to the parts of these historical buildings like the wooden materials and furniture that have become Javanese cultural heritage.
Revitalization Model for Ancient Buildings and Environment in The Cultural Heritage Village Kauman Surakarta
Authors: Musyawaroh M , Pramesti L
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces the Culture-Power Triangle Revitalization Model, which is based on three pillars: santri culture, batik culture, and spatial patterns of ancient villages. The first pillar summarizes the potential for social harmony in the santri culture. The second pillar represents the economic-cultural potential packaged in batik culture, previously the village’s main economic activity. The spatial pattern of the ancient village, which symbolizes the environment of the capital city of the Islamic Mataram Kingdom, is the third pillar embodied in this model. This model is suitable for revitalizing Kauman as a religious and batik tourism area. From the discussion, the Cultural-Power Triangle Revitalization Model combines cultural, economic, and environmental aspects based on community empowerment, provides a holistic solution for revitalization, and encourages sustainable development while preserving cultural heritage. This revitalization process underscores the involvement of local communities and highlights the need for balanced and sustainable development in all aspects. This model provides valuable insights and can be applied to revitalize other cultural heritage villages in Indonesia. To strengthen this research, further research is needed using the “Power-Cultural Triangle” revitalization model in other similar cultural heritage villages, such as the Kauman Cultural Heritage Village, Yogyakarta.
Two different traditional house character in Koh Yao Noi Island, Thailand
Authors: Kirana Sriwinarsih Maria , Prayoonhong Rutairat , Halim Erwin Ardianto
Published: August 2024

People call this island “a Palm-Speckled Oasis” in the Phang Nga Bay. It is Koh Yao Noi, an island in Phang Nga Province that has many areas. There are a total of 7 villages, whether it’s a community zone are agricultural areas, conserved forests, or mangrove forests around the island that have areas for fish farming with the abundance of resources. The objective of this research was to study two different traditional settlements character and the vernacular house of Koh Yao Noi based on two different community daily work, rubber farmer and fisherman. Because there is a different working field, the settlement is divided into two areas as well. While traditional houses are built in a specific place, study in geography and material will give understanding on how the community interprets the environment of their living place. This settlement study on Koh Yao Noi Island will be focused on research question: what is the character of traditional house in Koh Yao Noi? This is qualitative research where data is collected from site visit, interview, observation and site documentation. The study will focus on traditional settlement character within two different contexts, the house structure, and material house. From the two different environmental characters in the community, that have different livelihoods, building a house that has been passed down for generations has become unique based on the context in accordance with local wisdom they have. Even though in different environmental, there are character similarity of traditional houses in Koh Yai Noi are light, simple, and adapted to the environment
Environmental Aspects and Historical Development of Colonial Architectural Heritage in Aceh
Authors: Dewi Cut , Izziah  , Maharani Lisa
Published: August 2024

Colonial architecture is an architectural style derived from a mixture of European architecture that adapts to the local environment and climate, in this case the tropical climate of Indonesia. Therefore, colonial architecture is one of a good example of some traces of climate and environmental effects on built environment. Thus, this study wants to examine the environmental adaptations of colonial buildings in Aceh by taking examples from Banda Aceh. The city is amongst important cities during the Dutch colonial occupation. This research uses qualitative methods with observation, interview, and archival studies and documentation. This research aims to tie together the literature review of the historical narratives, climate adaptation, and cultural adoption of colonial architecture especially in Aceh and how it relates to wider Indonesia context. It uses some fieldwork data and analysis undertaken in Aceh. This study shows that raised-floor building and uses of timber are amongst obvious traces of environmental adaptations to Aceh. Through its historical developments, colonial architecture has adapted to tropical aspects. This highlights the importance of climate and environment in shaping colonial buildings and the ways in which colonial buildings adapts to local conditions to create functional and aesthetical spaces. Thus, further study can be undertaken to see how then cultural and environmental aspects influence the development of colonial architecture in contemporary uses and its conservation dilemma.
Basics of the advanced calculating method the fire resistance of the section of an eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element
Authors: Butenko S V , Iakymenko M V , Koliesnikov S M
Published: August 2024

The paper considers the issue of some special features in fire resistance calculations of an eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete element and propose new approach for calculating the fire resistance, based on the advanced formula of the stress-strain diagram for concrete depending on temperature. It has been shown that due to the change of the temperature field during a fire a change in the strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcing steel occurs as well, which, accordingly, leads to a change in eccentricity over time, that is, the eccentricity value is variable and depends both on the internal characteristics of the element (class of concrete, reinforcement) and from external factors (type of fire, time, loading). Formulas for calculating the eccentricity of an eccentrically compressed rod reinforced concrete element for a specific fixed moment of time are presented. There are also given the coordinates of the cross-section core and the center of central compression. It is possible to obtain the dynamics of changes in the eccentricity of a compressed rod reinforced concrete element during the time of the fire by doing such calculations for certain moments of time.
Experimental and numerical analysis of T-stub steel component under static loading
Authors: Solodovnyk Y Y , Riumin V V , Plotnikova N V , Semenova L V
Published: August 2024

Beam-to-column connections are of great importance in steel frames. For the tension zone of a steel joints, the estimated ultimate bearing capacity is of greatest interest. In recent years, there has been an increased interest among steel structure specialists in large deformation characteristics of T-stub to evaluate the bearing capacity of bolted joints. In Ukrainian normative documents, in comparison with European ones, there is no information about the ultimate bearing capacity of beam-to-column connections. For numerical and experimental studies, equivalent reference T-stub were used, and all characteristics of the steel used were taken into account in the mechanical model of the part. At the second stage of this research, 48 numerical models of the T-stub were calculated. The effect of variation in model characteristics such as bolt diameter, distance from web plate to bolt centerline on the bearing capacity of the models was investigated. Numerical experiments were carried out using ANSYS Workbench. The proposed models take into account the nonlinear behavior of the model material and the nonlinear interactions between its different parts. The proposed finite element model was further calibrated using the test results obtained with the laboratory program. Some important aspects of the numerical study of the problem, namely strain hardening and contact phenomena, are included in this paper. In addition, verification of the codified damage mechanism has been carried out.
Using of wastes from the enrichment of quartz-feldspar raw materials in the production of porcelain stoneware
Authors: Savvova Oksana , Pokroieva Yana , Luhovoi Ihor , Smyrnova Yuliya , Pylypenko Oleksii
Published: August 2024

The need to create resource-saving technologies of building materials using closed-loop production (CLP) has been analyzed. The features of the use of waste in the production of ceramic tiles, their influence on the properties of materials and possible limitations have been determined. The composition of the ceramic mass with the use of waste from the enrichment of quartz-feldspar raw materials of «Maydan-Vilsky Quarry» LLC has been developed. The results of the study of the chemical composition of KRM-12 established that the composition of its residue is characterized by a high content of silicon and potassium oxides, which allows us to conclude about a significant content of pegmatite. The chemical composition of the residue QRM-12 is characterized by an increased content of aluminum and potassium oxides, which indicates the presence of dispersed kaolin and pegmatite crystals. A feature of QRM-12 is increased plasticity – 9 units. The influence of the proposed composition on the characteristics of finished products is determined. Interpretation of the «mullite–silica–leucite» phase diagram showed that crystallization and grain growth are closely related to the amount and viscosity of the liquid phase present at the firing temperature. The technological and economic feasibility of using pegmatite enrichment waste in the production of competitive building materials is shown.
Capabilities for planning and managing normalization processes in urban airspace areas
Authors: Tatarchenko Halyna , Diomin Mykola , Tatarchenko Zakhar , Kravchenko Inna , Biloshytska Nataliia
Published: August 2024

The article discusses the possibilities of planning and managing processes of normalization of urban airspace using the example of pollution with nitrogen oxides and PM2.5 particles. An assessment of the level of air pollution in a large city using the example of Kyiv revealed a significant amount of nitrogen oxides along the main roads, and even the presence of green spaces does not save the situation. Due to differences in access to fresh air, different areas of the city develop their own microclimates with elevated temperatures and pollutant content. Such “hot areas” must be identified and declared hazardous to human habitation. It is noted that the largest amount of air is required to dilute the exhaust gases of diesel cars, where there is a large emission of soot, and carburetor cars, where there is a large emission of carbon monoxide. For almost all types of transport, the presence of nitrogen oxides is observed in emissions, which require a significantly larger amount of atmospheric air for dilution, with a difference of two times and an order of magnitude compared to carbon oxides and soot. Green spaces must occupy large areas to have a significant impact on the environment. Improving ecosystem services for air purification and climate regulation requires not only planning urban green spaces as a comprehensive solution, but also special air purification devices.