bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Готовность Казахстанских преподавателей к обуению студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями
Authors: Хамитова Дана Сункарбековна
Published: March 2021

"Статья посвящена актуальным проблемам получения высшего образования студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями. Раскрываются ответы на приоритетные вопросы Казахстанской системы образования. В частности, таким вопросам как, готовность преподавателей к обучению студентов с инвалидностью и студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями в высших учебных завеениях Республике Казахстан; особенности обучения студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями, а также их дальнейшее трудоустройство. Обосновывается необходимость создания оптимальных условий по отношению к студентам с инвалидностью и профессорско-преподавательскому составу со стороны руководства университете для успешности образовательного процесса по дистанционной системе. Проведен анализ существующей системы обучения студентов с инвалидностью и с особыми образовательными потребностями. Также представлены результаты проведенного исследования по выявлению степени удовлетворенности профессорско-преподавательского состава качеством высшего образования студентов с особыми образовательными потребностями. По результатам проведенного исследования отмечаются отношение казахстанских преподавателей к существующей проблеме и положительные стороны системы дистанционного обучения. Автор отмечает ряд существующих проблем, как низкая методическая готовность преподавателей к дистанционному обучению студентов с инвалидностью в системе высшего образования. "
Speech culture learning contentin the process of forming intercultural competence
Authors: Sakhariyeva Aigul Zhumageldinovna  , Kapenova Zhanarsyn Zhumatovna
Published: March 2021

"The article actualizes the problems of speech culture as a necessary component of intercultural competence. In the terms of interlanguage and intercultural contact, the speech culture is characterized by universal and ethnospecific characteristics. This is due to the fact that culture, which is a social phenomenon, is equally understood throughout the world and may have features in different linguistic cultures. The paper highlights the main functions of culture – epistemological, communicative, value, normative, etc., which indicates its complexity and diversity. Each nation and ethnic group reveal these functions in different ways. Culture, as a voluminous and meaningful concept, is a system of values, norms and rules of behavior. In this system, a special place is occupied by the culture of speech, which, in turn, has such characteristics as correctness, communicative expediency, clarity, accuracy, accessibility, logic, purity, expressiveness, aesthetics, relevance. All these qualities of speech culture also have a national imprint and include such elements as the values of morality, ethics, relationships, belonging to a faith, religion, social group, etc. This understanding allows you to develop a learning path in consideration of the cultural meaning or meaning that is embedded in the language, rules, norms, and beliefs. Based on a number of terms identified during the analysis of the content of General language disciplines of the University system, this article suggests ways to develop speech culture in the context of the formation of intercultural competence. "
Классификация наиболее актуальных ошибочных действий в учебном музыкально-педагогическом процессе
Authors: Пиговаева Нелли Юзиковна
Published: March 2021

"Статья расскрывает роль педагога в процессе совместной учебной работы со студентами. Рассматривается классификация наиболее актуальных ошибочных действий в учебном музыкально-педагогическом процессе, условия рационализации корректирующих действий студента под руководством педагога, формирование рефлексивных способностей, исполнительского мастерства студентов. В статье уделяется большое внимание коррекции важнейших индивидуальных психологических свойств личности студентов-музыкантов. Также рассматриваются психолого-педагогические подходы рационализации профессионально-педагогического процесса. Опираясь на данные подходы, в статье делается акцент на то, чтобы преподаватель, владеющий своим предметом, современной методикой преподавания, обучая и корректируя обучающегося, должен обращать внимание на сохранение здоровья и эмоциональную устойчивость, равновесие обучающегося, учитывая его психологическое состояние, психологические механизмы мышления личности. В статье дается представление, какими методами и приемами педагог может развивать и корректировать природные способности обучающегося, как избегать те или иные ошибочные действия, используя и, учитывая определенные методические рекомендации. Отмечается основная задача музыкальной педагогикии и психологии на современном эта­пе, как обозначить ту трудноуловимую «золотую середину» в совме­стной учебной и творческой работе, когда авторитет, знания и опыт старшего не только помогают молодому музыканту избегать «грубых и стойких» ошибок, но и ведут его по пути познания, не отнимая радости первооткрытия, не лишая творческого настроя в занятиях. "
Карьерные стратегии студенческой молодежи в современном казахстанском обществе (на примере НАО «Торайгыров университет»)
Authors: Пшембаева Эльмира Сабировна
Published: March 2021

"Статья посвящена изучению карьерных стратегий студентов, так как обучения в вузе является важным периодом для развития карьерных стремлений и мотивации к построению карьеры. В статье представлен проведенный теоретический анализ литературы, где рассмотрены зарубежные и отечественные подходы к изучению таких понятий, как «карьера» и «карьерные стратегии». В статье представлены результаты исследования, в котором приняли участие обучающиеся 3,4 курсов специальностей «Педагогика и психология», «Психология» и «Социальная работа» НАО «Торайгыров университет». За основу взята методика американского профессора Э. Шейна «Якоря карьеры». Приведен анализ статистических данных по результатам проведения анкетирования. Инструменты, использованные в данной методике, были нацелены на выявление и диагностику карьерных стратегий будущих специалистов современного казахстанского общества. Выделены доминирующие карьерные стратегии студентов и сделан вывод о том, что в вузе требуется проведение целенаправленной работы по созданию адекватных условий для развития карьерных стратегий личности обучающихся. Возможны дальнейшие исследования в этой области с целью наблюдения за динамикой карьерных стратегий студентов других специальностей и проведения их сравнительного анализа. "
Шетел тілін оқытуда операциялық жаттығулардың алатын орны
Authors: Ниязова А.Е.  , Қуандық Әсел Ерланқызы
Published: March 2021

"Операциялық жаттығулар ағылшын тіліндегі 4 дағдыны, яғни сөйлеу, жазу, оқу, тыңдап түсіну және фонетикалық, лексикалық, грамматикалық сияқты 3 шеберлікті қамти отырып, шет тілін оқытуда оқушылар мен студенттер тарапынан сұранысқа ие. Бұл жаттығулар жүйесі дағдыларды қалыптастырып қана қоймай,оқушылар мен студенттердің білімін арттыратын таптырмас құрал болып табылады.Сатылап жүзеге асырылатын операциялық жаттығулар жүйесі білім алушыға шет тілін оқу барысында кездесетін қиындықтарды жеңуге көмектеседі және дағдыларды дамытуға бағыт-бағдар береді. Зерттеудің мақсаты ағылшын сабағында операциялық жаттығудың тиімділігін көрсету және жаттығулар жүйесін тереңірек зерттей отырып, ерекшеліктерін анықтау болып табылады. Зерттеу методологиясы ағылшын тілін оқытуда қолданылатын эмперикалық әдіске негізделеді. Операциялық жаттығулар мұғалімдер, студенттер мен оқушылар арасында қолданылатын болады. Шет тілін үйретуде қолданылатын жаттығулар жүйесі ағылшын тілін оқытуда сөйлеу қызметінің қолданылу ерекшеліктеріне және дағдылардың маңыздылағына орай құрастырылған. Операциялық жаттығулар жүйесі шет тілін оқыту процессінде методикалық құрал ретінде ғана емес, сонымен бірге педагогикалық әдіс есебінде қолданылатын болады. "
Компетентностный подход и практико-ориентированная подготовка педагогов за рубежом и в Казахстане
Authors: Сагитова Жанна Манарбековна
Published: March 2021

"В 21 веке в сфере образования произошли значительные изменения, связанные с подготовкой специалистов нового уровня. Мировое пространство стало предъявлять спрос на конкурентоспособных, критически мыслящих специалистов в педагогической деятельности. Развитые и развивающиеся страны разработали свою технологию и методику подготовки будущих педагогов, которые основаны на взаимодействии теории и практики. Это взаимодействие помогает обучающимся применять теоретические знания в практической деятельности, непосредственно на самих занятиях. Данная статья рассматривает педагогический опыт подготовки учителей за рубежом и в Казахстане. Анализ государственных программ и статей по подготовке педагогических работников позволил выявить, что практико-ориентированное обучение в большинстве стран осуществляется на основе компетентностного подхода; раскрывается его сущность и содержание в становлении эффективного и результативного педагога. На основании полученных данных автором были выявлены необходимые условия при подготовке квалифицированных и востребованных специалистов: отбор кандидатов, применение компетентностного подхода, использование практико-ориентированных технологий обучения, организация партнерства вузов и баз практик. Правильно организованное практико-ориентированное обучение со стороны университета, профессорско-преподавательского состава, баз практик и самих обучающихся приведет к положительным результатам и конкурентоспособности специалистов на мировом рынке труда. "
Европейский опыт подготовки психологов на примере университета палацкого в оломоуце (Чешская Республика)
Authors: Щербакова Елена Павловна  , Бурдина Елена Ивановна
Published: March 2021

"В данной статье рассмотрена организация системы подготовки психологов в Европе и Университете Палацкого, которая отражает своеобразие системы обучения. Описан норматив стандарта EuroPsy и комплекс компетенций для специальности «Психолог», используемый в Европе. Также описан опыт приема и подготовки психологов в университете Палацкого. Европейские страны, стремясь к формированию единого образовательного пространства, способствовали разработке стандарта международного уровня, который определяет, критерии профессионального качества для всех психологов им стал диплом EuroPsy. Данные критерии выражены в профессиональных компетенциях, которыми должен обладать будущий психолог, прежде чем приступить к независимой профессиональной практике. Также особое внимание уделяется освоению практических навыков, и супервизорской практике. Супервизорская практика проходит один год под руководством опытного профессионального психолога – супервизора. По окончании данной практики супервизор дает дифференцированную оценку компетентности будущего психолога. Прежде чем поступить на факультет психологии кандидат должен пройти экзамен, который состоит их двух туров. В первом туре он проходит тестирование, через которое определяется его уровень готовности к обучению и знание психологии. Второй тур состоит из устного собеседования кандидата с членами комиссии, которые определяют его знания и навыки необходимые для изучения психологии. "
Internationalisation: problems of adaptation of foreign students and possible ways of their solution
Authors: Mukatayeva Kundyz Boranbayevna
Published: March 2021

"The issue of international students in higher education is considered highly important in many countries. The current article considers the influences on the intercultural adaptations of international students at a host university during study abroad. It presents detailed results of a small-scale research project undertaken as a part of the course aimed at assisting students to manage educational research both more efficiently and effectively. This work was purposed to find out international students problems of ‘settling in’ in the foreign university and identify some aspects that influence this process. The research finds out a deeper understanding of the specific problems international students face when they arrive, and what kind of support international students can obtain from the foreign university and evaluate the effectiveness of the support provided by the host university. The article will examine both contextual and political aspects and will make some suggestions and recommendations into the context of the host university. "
Жалпы физика курсын оқыту үдерісінде виртуалды зертханалық жұмыстарды қолданудың маңыздылығы
Authors: Туркменбаев Асет Бекболатович  , Абдыкеримова Эльмира Алтынбековна
Published: March 2021

"Соңғы жылдары ақпараттық технологиялардың дамуымен оқу үдерісіне заманауи технологияларды енгізу қажеттілігі туындады. Көптеген жоғары оқу орындарында физика бойынша бұрыннан ескірген зертханалық жабдықтар білім беру үдерісін жаңғырту жолында қиындықтар туғызады. Дәріс экспериментін көрсету кезінде, сондай-ақ зертханалық сабақтарды өткізу кезінде ескі, бірнеше рет жөнделген құралдар қолданылады. Білім беру жүйесінде ерекше назар аударылатын негізгі мәселелер жаңа технологияларды енгізу, сондай-ақ кешенді жаңғырту болып табылады. Білім беру үдерісіне ақпараттық технологияларды енгізу қолданыстағы оқыту технологияларын тиімді толықтыруға немесе оқытудың дәстүрлі түрлерімен салыстырғанда қосымша артықшылықтарға ие болуға тиіс. Физиканы оқытуда виртуалды зертханалық жұмыстарды қолдану білім сапасын арттыра отырып, зертханалық жұмыстарды қызықты етуге мүмкіндік береді. Мақалада жоғары оқу орындарында физика бойынша виртуалды зертханалық жұмыстарды енгізу ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Педагогикалық ЖОО-да жалпы физика курсын оқытуда студенттерге білім беру үдерісін жетілдіру үшін виртуалды зертханалық кешендерді қолдану мәселелері айтылады. Зертханалық сабақтарды өткізудің психологиялық-педагогикалық аспектілері талданып, виртуалды зертханалық кешендерді пайдаланудың маңызды артықшылықтары мен кемшіліктері қарастырылған. Нақты экспериментті виртуалды түрде толықтырудың маңыздылығы атап өтілді. "
A strategy of quick hierarchization of road bridge maintenance activities
Authors: Andriulo Giovanni
Published: March 2021

The control and maintenance of infrastructures is a crucial aspect for the sustainability and development of the economic and social activities of a country. The managing authorities, in order to preserve the efficiency and safety of the traffic flows, have to deal with a rather old infrastructure asset that is often in a non-optimal conservation state with an increasing degradation process induced by the increment of the traffic loads and by the environmental actions. The situation is exacerbated by the limited economic resources and reduced workforces at disposal with the consequence that an order of priority in the maintenance plain is anavoidable. This work provides a logical tool to define the hierarchy of the maintenance plain of the infrastructural heritage based on one hand on the structure state of conservation and on the other hand on the context in which the construction is integrated
Mode choice of food transport considering heterogeneity among shippers using the latent class analysis
Authors: Ansu V.
Published: March 2021

This study is an attempt to identify the heterogeneity in mode choice behaviour of shippers by latent class analysis, using the characteristics of the shippers. Shipping firms were classified into three latent classes: small firms with low truck ownership, large firms with high truck ownership, and long-established firms with no trucks. The study revealed that the mode choice behaviour of the latent classes of shippers is different. Further, it is discovered that the mode share of rail can be increased by decreasing the transportation cost and handling charges, or by increasing the speed and frequency of shipment.
The city, that collective work of art. Tools for graphic expression and participatory creation in urban spaces
Authors: Sève Bruno , Muxi Martínez Zaida , Sega Roberto , Redondo Domínguez Ernesto
Published: March 2021

Una transformación urbana sostenible, democrática, resiliente e inclusiva significa trabajar con la comunidad local, dándole la oportunidad de colaborar en la creación de la ciudad. Esta investigación estudia la relación que existe entre creatividad gráfica y participación ciudadana para su aplicación en arquitectura y universidades, tanto en los  procesos arquitectónicos para construir la ciudad como en los procesos de estrategias y medios para operar. En las Escuelas, se permite entrever nuevas maneras de aprendizaje alternativo. Como método de análisis, nos centramos en ejemplos,  incluyendo disciplinas gráficas y de implementación tecnológica, pero también prácticas de arte urbano que surgieron de las luchas ciudadanas. Los resultados enseñan que se  puede enseñar el proyecto urbano incorporando el diseño colaborativo, con herramientas como el arte callejero, el dibujo, los mapas colectivos o el urbanismo táctico, como medio de enriquecimiento de los procesos creativos y artísticos para la construcción de la ciudad.
Superposiciones gráficas en el dibujo de Pablo Palazuelo
Authors: Sotelo-Calvillo Gonzalo , Raventós-Viñas María Teresa
Published: March 2021

Aunque no terminó sus estudios de arquitectura, la influencia ejercida por estos es evidente en la obra de Pablo Palazuelo, quien trató de elaborar un método de trabajo que le sirviera para desvelar los procesos formativos de la realidad y traducirlos a un lenguaje gráfico. Este ensayo propone verificar si las diversas operaciones inherentes al dibujo arquitectónico también se encuentran presentes en la metodología articulada por Palazuelo. Esta premisa se fundamenta tanto en la formación universitaria de Palazuelo, como en sus escritos. Para confrontar esta hipótesis, este estudio propone un recorrido que comienza con las enseñanzas recibidas por Palazuelo. Posteriormente, el artículo pretende desvelar las diferentes operaciones y recursos gráficos que Palazuelo empleaba, a través de comparativas entre parejas de sus obras. Finalmente, los distintos bocetos inéditos de Palazuelo, que custodia su Fundación, se analizan hasta reconstruir las huellas del método aplicado en la elaboración de sus diversas propuestas.
Newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation
for the assessment of analgosedation adequacy
in infants treated by mechanical ventilation –
a multicenter pilot study
Authors: Walas Wojciech , Malinowska Ewelina , Halaba Zenon , Szczapa Tomasz , Latka-Grot Julita , Rutkowska Magdalena , Kubiaczyk Agata , Wrońska Monika , Piotrowski Andrzej , Skrzypek Michał , Jean-Noel Mickael , Maroszyńska Iwona
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Adequate analgosedation is important in infants treated in pediatric/neonatal intensive care units (P/NICUs), because both too deep and insufficient analgosedation is disadvantageous. To assess the severity of pain, several behavioral and behavioral-physiological scales are used, but their usefulness
is limited. It is therefore justified to search for additional methods to assess the
adequacy of analgosedation in these patients. The aim of the present study
is to evaluate the usefulness of Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation
(NIPE) in the assessment of analgosedation quality in infants requiring mechanical ventilation, who are treated in P/NICUs.

Material and methods

We performed simultaneously 180 COMFORT-B assessments and heart rate variability measurements using a NIPE monitor in 30 mechanically ventilated infants receiving analgosedation. A generalized linear mixed
model with the logit link function was used in order to perform logistic regression
analysis to assess the relationship between NIPEi/NIPEm and deep sedation.

Results

The multivariable logistic regression model showed that NIPEi and
NIPEm values were higher when analgosedation was deep as compared to
when it was moderate or insufficient (OR (95% CI): NIPEm – 1.065 (1.007–
1.126), p = 0.03; NIPEi – 1.068 (1.016–1.123), p = 0.01).

Conclusions

The NIPE indexes are significantly higher in patients whose assessment on the behavioral scale indicates deep analgosedation as compared to those
in whom it indicates moderate or insufficient analgosedation. Allowing continuous monitoring, the NIPE device may be a valuable assisting tool in the assessment of analgosedation quality in mechanically ventilated newborns and infants.
Outcome of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (ptbd) in patients with ascites
Authors: Trần Thái Ngọc Huy ,   Phạm Minh Hải,Lê Quan Anh Tuấn, Dương Thị Ngọc Sang, Trần Văn Toản, Nguyễn Hàng Đăng Khoa,Vũ Quang Hưng, Nguyễn Hoàng Bắc
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Malignant obstructive jaundice with ascites ussually occurs in patients with advanced cancer stage. In these patients sometime the best treatment option is percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). PTBD is a safety and effective procedure.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate outcome of PTBD in patients with ascites. Case series report
Results: From 2013 to 2019, there were 21 malignant obstructive jaundice with ascites perfomed PTBD. All of 21 patients were performed paracentesis prior to PTBD. The successful rate was 95.2% (20 cases). One case failed because of thick biliary wall ,we could not insert pigtail stent. Complications rate was 23.8%. Complications were cholangitis (4 cases), biliopleural fistula (1 case). Biliopleural fistula resolved by pleural cavity drainage. Other complication cases were successfully treated conservatively. There was no mortality case.
Conclusions: PTBD in patiens with ascites can be performed safety and effectively if paracentesis was done prior to PTBD.
Keywords: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, PTBD, ascites.

Tóm tắt

Đặt vấn đề: Tắc mật do nguyên nhân ác tính kèm theo báng bụng thường xảy ra ở những người bệnh ung thư giai đoạn tiến xa. Ở những người bệnh này, đôi khi dẫn lưu đường mật xuyên gan qua da là lựa chọn điều trị duy nhất. Dẫn lưu đường mật xuyên gan qua da là thủ thuật an toàn và hiệu quả. Tuy nhiên, khi có báng bụng thì nguy cơ biến chứng tăng lên.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kết quả dẫn lưu đường mật xuyên gan qua da ở người bệnh có báng bụng, nghiên cứu loạt ca.
Kết quả: Trong thời gian từ 2013 - 2019, có 21 người bệnh tắc mật do nguyên nhân ác tính và có báng bụng được thực hiện dẫn lưu đường mật xuyên gan qua da (PTBD). Cả 21 trường hợp đều được dẫn lưu dịch ổ bụng trước khi thực hiện PTBD. Tỷ lệ thành công là 95,2% (20 trường hợp). Trường hợp thất bại là do đường mật viêm dày nên thành đường mật cứng chắc, không luồng ống vào lòng đường mật được. Biến chứng xảy ra ở 23,8% các trường hợp. Các biến chứng bao gồm viêm đường mật (04 trường hợp), rò mật vào khoang màng phổi (01 trường hợp), trường hợp rò mật vào khoang màng phổi được dẫn lưu màng phổi. Các trường hợp biến chứng khác được điều trị bảo tồn. Không có trường hợp nào tử vong.
Kết luận: Dẫn lưu đường mật xuyên gan qua da trên người bệnh có báng bụng có thể thực hiện một cách khả thi và an toàn nếu dẫn lưu dịch ổ bụng trước thủ thuật.
GESTÃO PÚBLICA: a visão dos técnicos administrativos em educação das universidades públicas e institutos federais
Authors: ASSIS Wanderlice da Silva , SILVA Caio Cabral da , MATIAS Érika Pena Bedin , LEAL Roberta de Oliveira
Published: March 2021

Como iniciativa para o crescimento da produção científica nacional, a Coletânea Gestão Pública: a visão dos Técnicos Administrativos em Educação das Universidades Públicas e Institutos Federais (GPTAE) surgiu com a visão de “ser uma equipe pluriprofissional e multiterritorial de referência nacional para o incentivo à produção e divulgação científico-tecnológica dos servidores públicos da carreira técnico-administrativa em educação no Brasil.” Em 2020, mais um volume é produzido e publicado para reforçar o engajamento dos Técnicos Administrativos em Educação (TAEs) com produções científicas focadas na gestão pública. Os trabalhos demonstram a competência e habilidade da categoria como produtora do conhecimento e colaboradora eficaz na melhoria do serviço público brasileiro. A nova publicação corrobora a continuidade da visibilidade e do reconhecimento de projetos criados e desenvolvidos por servidores administrativos no âmbito de nossas instituições. Ao pousar os olhos sob os responsáveis pela viabilização dos sete volumes, conforme os dados disponibilizado no sítio virtual da coletânea, percebemos a rica diversidade desses tecedores de conhecimentos, que mesmo com regionalidade, grau de estudo e gêneros diversos, conseguem a cada ano alinhavar as produções de outros TAEs em prol do desenvolvimento da educação, da gestão pública e do conhecimento científico.
Turbulence-permitting air pollution simulation for the Stuttgart metropolitan area
Authors: Schwitalla Thomas , Bauer Hans-Stefan , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Bönisch Thomas , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Air pollution is one of the major challenges in urban areas. It can have a major impact on human health and society and is currently a subject of
several litigations in European courts. Information on the level of air pollution is based on near-surface measurements, which are often irregularly distributed along the main traffic roads and provide almost no information about the residential areas and office districts in the cities. To further enhance the process understanding and give scientific support to decision makers, we developed a prototype for an air quality forecasting
system (AQFS) within the EU demonstration project “Open Forecast”. For AQFS, the Weather Research and Forecasting model together with its coupled chemistry component (WRF-Chem) is applied for the Stuttgart
metropolitan area in Germany. Three model domains from 1.25 km down to a turbulence-permitting resolution of 50 m were used, and a
single-layer urban canopy model was active in all domains. As a demonstration case study, 21 January 2019 was selected, which was a heavily polluted day with observed PM10 concentrations exceeding 50 µg m−3. Our results show that the model is able to reasonably simulate the diurnal cycle of surface fluxes and 2 m temperatures as well as evolution of the stable and shallow boundary layer typically occurring in wintertime in Stuttgart. The simulated fields of particulates with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) allow a clear statement about the most heavily polluted areas apart from the irregularly distributed measurement sites. Together with information about the vertical distribution of PM10 and NO2 from the model, AQFS will serve as a valuable tool for air quality forecasting and has the potential of being applied to other cities around the world.
The improved comparative reactivity method (ICRM): measurements of OH reactivity under high-NOx conditions in ambient air
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Qi Jipeng , Zhou Jun , Yuan Bin , Peng Yuwen , Wang Sihang , Yang Suxia , Williams Jonathan , Sinha Vinayak , Shao Min
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The comparative reactivity method (CRM) was developed more than a decade to measure OH reactivity (i.e., OH loss frequency) in both laboratory
and field studies. However, accurate OH reactivity quantification remains challenging under real ambient conditions, especially for OH reactivity
measurements in high-NOx (e.g., > 10 ppbv) environments, as ambient NO enhances the regeneration of OH radicals in the CRM
reactor. To solve this problem, we design a new and improved CRM reactor (ICRM) and add NO into the system continuously so that the HO2
radical concentration is suppressed. We confirmed the appropriate level of NO by determining the maximum decrease in the pyrrole level caused by
regenerated OH radicals from NO + HO2. RO2 radicals induced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ICRM reactor were also found to react with NO, which
led to the regeneration of OH radicals and thus the underestimation of OH reactivity. This effect was quantified by the calibration of representative
VOC species at different NO levels, and the correction coefficients obtained were used to correct the measured OH reactivity. All these efforts
resulted in reducing the uncertainty of the NO-artifact correction by at least an order of magnitude compared to the original CRM
system. Additionally, these technological improvements also considerably reduced the systematic errors from pyrrole photolysis in the
original system. A new operation mode was proposed for the ICRM, which is able to avoid the interference resulting from OH radicals produced by
photolysis of residual humidity and save time for ambient measurement. The ICRM system was employed in a field campaign to measure OH reactivity and
performed well with ambient NO levels ranging from 0 to 50 ppbv, which are typically observed in the urban and suburban atmosphere.
First evaluation of an absolute quantum gravimeter (AQG#B01) for future field experiments
Authors: Cooke Anne-Karin , Champollion Cédric , Le Moigne Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Quantum gravimeters are a promising new development allowing for continuous absolute gravity monitoring while remaining user-friendly and transportable. In this study, we present experiments carried out to assess the capacity of the AQG#B01 in view of future deployment as a field gravimeter for hydrogeophysical applications. The AQG#B01 is the field version follow-up of the AQG#A01 portable absolute quantum gravimeter developed by the French quantum sensor company Muquans. We assess the instrument's performance in terms of stability (absence of instrumental drift) and sensitivity in relation to other gravimeters. No significant instrumental drift was observed over several weeks of measurement. We discuss the observations concerning the accuracy of the AQG#B01 in comparison with a state-of-the-art absolute gravimeter (Micro-g-LaCoste, FG5#228). We report the repeatability to be better than 50 nm s−2. This study furthermore investigates whether changes in instrument tilt and external temperature and a combination of both, which are likely to occur during field campaigns, influence the measurement of gravitational attraction. We repeatedly tested external temperatures between 20 and 30 ∘C and did not find any significant effect. As an example of a geophysical signal, a 100 nm s−2 gravity change is detected with the AQG#B01 after a rainfall event at the Larzac geodetic observatory (southern France). The data agreed with the gravity changes measured with a superconducting relative gravimeter (GWR, iGrav#002) and the expected gravity change simulated as an infinite Bouguer slab approximation. We report 2 weeks of stable operation under semi-terrain conditions in a garage without temperature-control. We close with operational recommendations for potential users and discuss specific possible future field applications. While not claiming completeness, we nevertheless present the first characterization of a quantum gravimeter carried out by future users. Selected criteria for the assessment of its suitability in field applications have been investigated and are complemented with a discussion of further necessary experiments.
INTEREST VERSUS NON-INTEREST FINANCIAL SYSTEM: INTEREST-FREE BANKING
Authors: ÖZEROĞLU Ali İhsan
Published: March 2021

The theory of interest has always been a very difficult area in economic literature. However in this study; “ Interest is an intermediary between debt and return or wealth and return. If interest is redefined in this meaning, we have to upload it new functions and a new way of usage principles. The monetary authorities use the interest rate as its instrument of control to stabilize the economy.
The magic word “interest” is a measuring unit and important parameter for economic indicators and parameters.
If the interest rates low in an economy, it is taken as a positive indicator for the economy, if it is high, it shows the problematic structure of the economy in that specific country. Accordingly, investors rush for investment or retain from investment. But in the case it is high, there is no economic stability, no trust in the economy, people are not in welfare and the governments spend most of their time to offset interest and inflation rates which led by fundamental interest rates.
In this regard, interest is not an economic factor playing role in the only economy but also it plays a crucial role in the social life of all societies.
It is a basic determinant in lending, investing and all funding operations with different names; nominal interest, compound interest, accruals, ROI, ROE, IRR, etc… However, without time in all computations, it does not mean a lot.
So, in this study, this great duo will be taken on hand in deep, and their roles in interest- free banking/financing will be explained. Also, I will try to show the uses and limitations of interest-free applications in guiding financial decisions in practice.
In this paper, I am sincerely interested in introducing a new system of interest-free banking not as a supplement to the prevalent system of banking but to substitute the same. But I am not taking the subject on hand from any theological point of view. In the study, there are two types of interest; positive interest and negative interest. Here I am neutralizing the negative interest ( credit interest = interest paid) with positive interest( deposit interest = interest yielded). The study is fully based on this reality.
Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shahid Sadia , Khattak Abdul Latif , Bukhari Karamat Hussain Shah , Uddin Raffi , Khan Raees Iqbal
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To assess Carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Study design and setting: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine, CMH Quettafrom June 2018 to May 2019.Methodology: Total 176 known type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were included in study. Age ranged from 30-70years. Patients using statin drugs, chronic kidney disease and decompensated liver cirrhosis were excluded. Carotid arteryultrasonography was carried out by radiologist. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) was achieved with a 7 MHzB-mode ultrasound system. The intima-media thickness (IMT) was demarcated as the distance between the leading edgeof the luminal echo to the leading edge of the adventitia of the media. This distance was measured during the diastolicphase. This was measured 3 cm before the carotid bifurcation. Also, carotid bifurcation and internal carotid artery 2 cmdistally from the carotid bifurcation was scanned.Results: Mean age was 47.86 ± 6.46 years. Most of the patients 125 (71.02%) were consisted of 30 to 50 years of age.Among them the 176 patients, 92 (52.27%) were male and 84 (47.73%) were females. Male to female ratio comprised of1.1:1. Results further revealed that 43(24.43%) patients showed asymptomatic Carotid artery intima-media thickness. Restthere was no asymptomatic Carotid artery intima-media thickness in 133 (75.57%) patients
REAKSI PASAR MODAL TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN PAKET KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI XVI (Studi Empiris Pada Saham Perusahaan Yang Masuk Dalam Indeks LQ 45)
Authors: Rante Tirsa , Falah Syaikhul , Pangayow Bill J.C
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze whether there are significant differences in abnormal returns before and after the announcement of economic policy XVI and trading volume activity before and after the announcement of XVI economic policy on November 16, 2018. This study uses event study, where observations of the average abnormal return are carried out. and the average trading volume activityduring the 11 day observation period. In this study data was obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used in this study include daily closing stock prices (closing price), daily stock trading volume, and the number of shares outstanding. The sample used amounted to 45 LQ45 index companies. The results of this study indicate (1) there is no significant difference in abnormal returns before and after the announcement of economic policy XVI (2) on the trading volume activity indicator there are significant differences before and after the announcement of XVI economic policy.
PENGARUH PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TARIF PROGRESIF DAN PENDAPATAN WAJIB PAJAK TERHADAP DAYA BELI KONSUMEN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR RODA EMPAT (Studi Empiris Di Kantor SAMSAT Kota Jayapura)
Authors: Waroi Marice , Simanjuntak Aaron M. A. , Andrianti Hastutie Noor
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the Effect of Progressive Vehicle Taxes and Taxpayer Income on Consumer Purchasing Power. The research population is taxpayers who make motor vehicle tax payments in the Jayapura City Samsat Office. The number of samples is 70 people. Determination of the study sample using the nonprobability sampling method, data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The data analysis technique is multiple linear analysis. The results of the research conducted show that Progressive Vehicle Taxes have no significant positive effect on Consumer Purchasing Power, Taxpayer Income does not have a significant negative effect on Consumer Purchasing Power. The most dominant variable affects taxpayers regarding the tax on progressive tariff motor vehicles because they have a standard coefficient of beta 0 235.
La invención y disputa por el patrimonio en Barcelona: Del Mercado de Born al Born Centro Cultural
Authors: Hernández Cordero Adrián
Published: March 2021

El edificio del Mercado del Born en Barcelona desde los años setenta del siglo XX ha experimentado un fenómeno de patrimonialización, a partir que las autoridades gubernamentales decidieron clausurarlo. A partir de ese momento se volvió un espacio en disputa entre vecinos, académicos y el régimen gubernamental local y provincial. Los diversos actores involucrados recurrieron a diversas nociones de patrimonio para conservar el recinto y destinarlo a otras actividades. Así, que en este trabajo se describen las diferentes etapas que experimentó el antiguo mercado en su salvaguarda y se analiza el conflicto que surgió entre las posturas, mostrando las múltiples lecturas e interpretaciones que pueden surgir en torno a un lugar. Las técnicas de investigación consistieron en la realización de más de 20 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a vecinos, comerciantes y arquitectos del vecindario. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo una revisión hemerográfica y trabajo de gabinete. Igualmente, se recurrió a la observación sistematizada de la zona de estudio.
Review: Escritoras escocesas en la nueva literatura nacional by Carla Rodríguez González and Kirsten Matthews
Authors: Agustí Gómez Helena
Published: March 2021

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Bank reform demands monetary reform
Authors: Baker Steve
Published: March 2021

The complex and technical subject of bank reform has scarcely been more popular. Events in Cyprus have demonstrated banks are a way of investing money for a return, with all the risk that entails. Van and minibus entrepreneur Dave Fishwick has created a documentary —Bank of Dave— which shows banking can be a simple entrepreneurial function providing a safe return to savers at the entrepreneur’s risk. It’s award-winning and a soar-away popular success.

Of course, thanks to regulators, it’s not actually a bank: it’s a savings and loans firm. Whereas these route savings to borrowers, a bank creates credit. That is, banks lend money into existence. It is that distinction, together with other features of the financial system, which has led the world into crisis. It is both one of the least well-understood economic phenomena of our time and the most central to our present difficulties.

Yet, astonishingly, Dave Fishwick has struck on a model of ban-king close to a theoretical ideal: he carries his own commercial risks and, even if he could take deposits, he wouldn’t provide cre-dit in excess of savings.

It is towards this model the world should move.
La tragedia de los bienes comunales y la escuela austriaca: Hardin, Hoppe, Huerta de Soto, y Mises
Authors: Bagus Philipp
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar la importancia del con-cepto de «tragedia de los bienes comunales» para la Escuela Austriaca, señalando su aplicabilidad al ámbito de la banca y de la democracia y subrayando los paralelismos existentes en-tre los dos ámbitos.

Para llevar a cabo este trabajo analizaré el término acuñado por Hardin, resaltando que si bien ha pasado a la historia como el creador del concepto «tragedia de los bienes comunales», es éste en realidad un concepto acuñado por Mises. También ana-lizaré lo que al respecto sostiene Huerta de Soto en su análisis de la banca con reserva fraccionaria y Hoppe en su análisis de la democracia.

Además señalaré que hay una «tragedia de los bienes comu-nales» ideal y que hay supuestos que se acercan a este tipo ideal. Por lo tanto, mantengo que se puede usar el concepto como ins-trumento teórico para analizar las fuerzas e intereses inheren-tes a sistemas cercanos al tipo ideal.
Economics: Vocation or Profession?
Authors: Salerno Joseph T.
Published: March 2021

Should economics be pursued as a profession or a vocation? Below I argue that this choice of subjective orientation is enormously important, and tends to dictate whether an economist will serve the cause of truth and freedom, or waste his or her talents on convenience, ephemera, and statism.

The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives one definition of «vocation» as «The work or function to which a person is called; a mode of life or employment regarded as requiring dedication». The eminent semanticist S.I. Hayakawa also emphasizes «dedication» as the distinctive feature of a vocation which differentiates it from a profession.

In praxeological terms, a vocation involves what Ludwig von Mises «introversive» labor while a profession involves «extroversive» labor. The essence of introversive labor is work undertaken solely for its own sake and not as a means to a more remote end. Extroversive labor, in contrast, is performed because the individual «prefers the proceeds he can earn by working to the disutility of labor and the pleasure of leisure».

One of the «two most conspicuous examples» of introversive labor, according to Mises, is «the search for truth and knowledge pursued for its own sake and not as a means of improving one’s own efficiency and skill in the performance of other kinds of labor aiming at other ends». The second is «genuine sport, practiced without any design for reward and social success».

It is not that the effort expended by the «truth seeker» or «mountain climber» does not involve the disutility of labor, rather «it is precisely overcoming the disutility of labor that satisfies him». Thus genuine truth seeking in any scientific discipline qualifies economically as «consumption» and its pursuit as a vocation.
Law, Economics and the Institutional Approach to Development and Transition: towards an Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Colombatto Enrico
Published: March 2021

The principles underlying evolutionary psychology suggest an approach to Law and Economics that tends to reject top-down policy making and encourages a bottom-up stance, whereby rules lead to behavioral routines that are consistent with individuals’ shared psychological patterns. The view proposed here is fruitful from a methodological perspective, in that it allows a new classification of societies, new insight on their prospects for economic growth, an innovative appreciation of the chances for successful transition in areas that have undergone substantial political transformation.

Key words: Institutions, behavioral patterns, law and economics.

Clasificación JEL: K00, B52.

Resumen: Los principios que subyacen a la psicología evolutiva, sugieren una aproximación al Derecho y a la Economía que tiende a rechazar una gestión política de arriba a abajo, y estimula una estrategia de abajo hacia arriba, por medio de la cual las reglas conducen a rutinas de comportamiento que son consistentes con los patrones psicológicos compartidos de los individuos. El enfoque propuesto en este trabajo es fructífero desde una perspectiva metodológica, en el sentido de que permite una nueva cla-sificación de las sociedades, una nueva visión de sus perspectivas de creci-miento económico, una apreciación innovadora de las oportunidades de transición exitosas en áreas que han experimentado una transformación política sustancial.

Palabras clave: Instituciones, patrones de comportamiento, Derecho y Eco-nomía.
On Hayekian Triangles
Authors: Barnett II William , Block Walter
Published: March 2021

The triangle is an integral part of the history of economic thought. It has been used by writers such as Jevons (1871), Taussig (1896), Wicksell (1934, 1969) to illustrate and to help us understand capital theory. Since Hayek (1931) this geometrical figure has been used as a basic pedagogical device to explain the Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT). The purpose of the present paper is to argue that the triangle is highly problematic, if not fatally flawed, and that if ABCT is to be made intelligible this tool of analysis must be either completely jettisoned, or heavily supplemented with a list (see below) of its shortcomings. Moreover in some ways the triangle has been responsible for the relative lack of development of ABCT for over a half century.

Key words: Austrian economics, business cycle theory, praxeology, economic geometry, triangles.

Clasificación JEL: E3, E32.

Resumen: El triángulo es una parte integral de la historia del pensamiento económico. Ha sido utilizado por escritores como Jevons (1871), Taussig (1896), Wicksell (1934, 1969) para ilustrar y ayudarnos a comprender la teoría del capital. Desde Hayek (1931) esta figura geométrica se ha utilizado como un instrumento pedagógico básico para explicar la teoría austriaca del ciclo económico. El propósito de este trabajo es sostener que el triángulo es altamente problemático, sino fatalmente defectuoso, por lo que si deseamos que la teoría austriaca del ciclo económico sea comprendida debemos desecharlo comple-tamente, o complementarlo fuertemente con una lista de sus limitaciones. Además, en algunos casos el triángulo ha sido responsable de la relativa falta de desarrollo de la teoría austriaca del ciclo durante un periodo de medio siglo.

Palabras clave: Economía austriaca, teoría del ciclo económico, praxeología, geometría económica, triángulos.
El rechazo de Carl Menger a la economía matemática. Una aproximación
Authors: González María Blanco
Published: March 2021

This article tries, on the one hand, to analyse why Carl Menger, the Austrian School of Economics founder, rejected the use of mathematics as a tool for economic theory and the scope of his opposition. On the other hand, the article considers the advances in mathematical science in order to question at what point Menger’s methodology is still sounding, or on the contrary, if these new developments allow a wider use of mathematical economics maintaining, at the same time, the Austrian methodological assumptions.

Nowadays, the Multicriteria Decision Theory has emerged as a powerful tool to assist in the process of searching for decisions, which best satisfy a multitude of conflicting objectives.These advancements may question the persistent opposition to mathematical economics not so much from Carl Menger but from his successors.

Key words: Economic methodology, Austrian School of Economics, Carl Menger, mathematical economics, Multicriteria Decision Theory.

JEL Classification: B1, B2, B4, C6, C8.

Resumen: El objetivo de este documento de trabajo es, por un lado, analizar los motivos que llevaron al fundador de la Escuela Austriaca, Carl Menger, a rechazar el empleo de las matemáticas como herramienta de la teoría económica y el alcance de esta oposición. Por otra parte, se trata de considerar si actualmente esta postura metodológica sigue siendo válida o, por el contrario, los avances en la matemática permiten un empleo más amplio en la teoría económica manteniendo los postulados mengerianos.

Hoy en día, la matemática también ha evolucionado y han aparecido disciplinas como la Teoría de la Decisión Multicriterio que intenta solucionar los problemas que afloran en la toma de decisiones cuando existen objetivos múltiples y, a menudo, conflictivos entre sí. Estos avances ponen sobre la mesa el recalcitrante rechazo hacia las matemáticas, no tanto de Menger, como de sus seguidores.

Palabras clave: Metodología de la economía, Escuela Austriaca de Economía, Carl Menger, economía matemática, Teoría de la Decisión Multicriterio.