bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ DIGITAL-МАРКЕТИНГТІҢ ДАМУ ЕРЕКЕШЕЛІКТЕРІ
Authors: НАКИПОВА Г. , СЫЗДЫКОВ Р.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье исследуется современное состояние Digital-маркетинга в Казахстане. Digital-маркетинг – это продвижение товаров и услуг через информационные и электронные каналы, такие как телевидение, интернет, социальные сети и т.д. Основная цель применения digital-маркетинга связана с расширением числа возможных каналов коммуникации с клиентами. Авторами проведен анализ методов и инструментов Digital-маркетинга, на основе которого были выявлены проблемы развития Digital-маркетинга в Казахстане. В процессе исследования использовались экономико-статистические методы, а также сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ статистических данных.

Бұл мақалада Қазақстандағы digital-маркетингтің қазіргі жағдайының ерекшеліктері көрсетілген. Digital-маркетинг - бұл тауарлар мен қызметтерді ақпараттық және электронды каналдар, мысалы теледидар, интернет, әлеуметтік желілер және т.б. арқылы жылжыту. Digital маркетингтің басты мақсаты - тұтынушылармен байланыс арналарын кеңейту. Мақала авторлары digital-маркетингтің әдістері мен құралдарын талдады, сол анализ негізінде Қазақстанда digital-маркетингтің дамуының негізгі проблемалары анықталды. Зерттеу барысында экономикалық және статистикалық әдістер, сондай-ақ статистикалық мәліметтерді салыстырмалы талдау анализы қолданылды.

This article highlights the features of the current state of Digital Marketing in Kazakhstan. Digital marketing is the promotion of goods and services through information and electronic channels such as television, the Internet, social networks, etc. The main purpose of digital marketing is to expand the number of possible communication channels with customers. The authors analyzed the methods and tools of Digital marketing, and the main problems of the development of Digital marketing in Kazakhstan were identified on its basis. In the course of the research, we used economic and statistical methods, as well as a comparative analysis of statistical data.
Literature Review : Determinant Factors Of Elderly Participation To Posbindu In Indonesia
Authors: Fitriani Sinta , Agustini Fenty , Yogaswara Dadan
Published: November 2021

The low participation of the elderly in Posbindu can cause serious problems both for the elderly themselves and for their families. Health conditions that are not monitored and risk factors for PTM that are not detected directly can increase morbidity and even lead to death.  While poor health conditions in the elderly, often sick can be a burden for family members. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the participation of the elderly to Posbindu in Indonesia. Method used in this research is a descriptive literature review study. Where in this method, researchers use search techniques, analyze and combine facts from various credible related sources. The sources in question are various research results that have been published previously. The analysis is carried out by searching various scientific articles or related journals published on Google Scholar with a publication range of the last five years starting from 2016 – 2020. Based on the results of the study, there were 2 out of 9 journals that stated that the age factor, gender and  work factor, 3 of 9 journals stated that the attitude factor and motivation factor, 5 out of 9 journals stated that the knowledge factor, 1 out of 9 journals stated that the distance factor and policy, 5 out of 9 journals mentioning that family support factors, 2 out of 9 journals that mention that the motivational factor and 3 out of 9 journals that stated that the role of health workers was related to the participation of the elderly in posbindu. Conclusion of this study is that there are many factors that influence the participation of the elderly to Posbindu where of the 12 behavioral factors related to participation, knowledge and family support are the most dominant factors affecting the participation of the elderly to Posbindu in Indonesia.Keywords : Predisposing factors, Enabling factors, Reinforcing factor, Participation, Posbindu
Factors Related To Blood Pressure In Adults In The Intensive Care Unit Bhayangkara Hospital Raden Said Sukanto Year 2019
Authors: Wisnu Wibowo Agung , Ifadah Erlin , Jamiatun Jamiatun
Published: November 2021

Abstract Blood pressure is a measure of the force that directs blood to flow through the body's circulation. Blood pressure is needed by the body to carry oxygen and other nutrients to the body's tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with blood pressure in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This study uses a quantitative method with an analytic survey approach. The population in this study were all patients in the ICU ward at Bhayangkara Tk.I R. Said Sukanto Hospital, as many as 133 patients. The sample required in this study is 100 respondents. The statistical test used was chi square. There is a relationship between age (p = 0.032), gender (p = 0.016), medication (p = 0.009), and exercise (p = 0.000) with blood pressure in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Bhayangkara Hospital Tk.I R . Said Sukanto. There was no relationship between races (p = 0.052). The results showed an association between age, gender, medication and exercise with blood pressure Keywords: Age, Gender, Race, Medication, Exercise, Blood Pressure
Difference In The Lower Blood Pressure Of Primary Hypertension Patients Participating In Prolanis And Non Prolanis In The Cipayung District Health Center
Authors: Latifah Fuat Alviani , Susanti Fajar , Ifadah Erlin
Published: November 2021

Changes in human development at this time greatly affect lifestyles it is a cause of an increase in non- communicable diseases (PTM) one of which is hypertension. Hypertension control has been pursued by the government by implementing a chronic disease prevention program (PROLANIS) through collaboration with BPJS. This study aims to determine the difference in blood pressure reduction in primary hypertension patients who follow prolanis and non prolanis in the Cipayung District Health Center. Pre-experimental research design with static group comparison research. The study population was primary hypertension patients who followed prolanis and non prolanis in the Cipayung District Health Center. Samples were taken by purposive sampling and found 40 people. The collected data is tested statistically by T-test. The results of the study of primary hypertension patients who follow Prolanis have better blood pressure. Statistical test results showed there were differences in blood pressure reduction in primary hypertension patients who followed prolanis and non prolanis (p = 0,000, p <0.05). Nurses provide education to primary hypertension patients who have not yet joined the program to participate in the PROLANIS program.Keyword: Hypertension, Blood Pressure, PROLANIS
Degradation Profiling of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide by RP- HPLC method with QbD Approach
Authors: Jatte Kalleshvar P. , Chakole R. D. , Charde M. S.
Published: November 2021

RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in tablet dosage form with the help of Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. In this method concentration of each drug was obtained by using the absorptivity values calculated for drug wavelength 226.0 nm and solving the equation. The RP-HPLC method was performed C18-(100mm x 4.6 mm,)2.5 μm particle size in gradient mode, and the sample was analysed using methanol 45.0 ml and 55.0 ml (pH 3.3 0.05% OPA with TEA) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and detection at nm. By the retention time for Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide found 3.39 and 4.59 min respectively. Validation related the method is specific, rapid, accurate, precise, reliable, and reproducible. Calibration plots by both HPLC were linear over the 5-25 and 12.5-62.5 μg/ml for Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide respectively, and recoveries from tablet dosage form were between 99.02 and 100.00 %. The method can be used for routine of the quality control in pharmaceuticals. The degradation profiling of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide were also carried out.
Hydatid bone disease of the humerus: A case report from East Africa
Authors:   CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital, Kisubi, Entebbe, Uganda, Loro Antonio , Loro Francesca ,   CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital, Kisubi, Entebbe, Uganda, Brown Niall ,   CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital, Kisubi, Entebbe, Uganda
Published: November 2021

Skeletal hydatidosis is extremely rare and involvement of the long bones of the appendicular skeleton is exceptional. We report on a case of a 68-year-old Ugandan woman who presented with a long standing history of a non-healing fracture of the mid-diaphysis of the right humerus. She had undergone multiple surgeries in peripheral health centres during the previous years. A shoulder disarticulation was carried out in our facility in agreement with the patient, who refused any other attempt of bone reconstruction. A diagnosis of hydatid bone disease was confirmed intra-operatively. There is no recurrence of the disease for a two-year follow-up period. To our knowledge this is the first case report of skeletal hydatosis in Uganda. It emphasises the diagnostic difficulties and delays, and how this led to inadequate management for the patient in this case.
Perceived risks and ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic by community and healthcare providers in Nepal
Authors:   Public Policy Pathshala (pvt.) Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal., Bhandari Nilam , Maharjan Dikshya ,   Department of Public Health, Asian College for Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal., Silwal Muna ,   College of Nursing Sciences, Gandaki Medical College, Tribhuwan University, Pokhara, Nepal., Paneru Damaru ,   School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal., Nepal Anant ,   Executive Board, Nepal Karuna Sewa Samaj, Palpa, Nepal.
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted real suffering in many parts of the world and is expected to impact different sectors. Lockdown is considered to be an effective measure in slowing the spread of coronavirus. The study expects to understand community and healthcare providers’ perspectives on COVID-19 and pandemic responses during and after the lockdown in Nepal. Methods and material: Data were collected through telephone interviews with six representatives of community-based organizations and nine healthcare providers, and the collation of information about COVID-19 from social media, news outlets and government announcements. Data were thematically coded and analyzed according to the themes. Results: Although rapid dissemination of educational information through various social media was found, people reported an information overload on COVID-19 while questioning the authenticity of their sources. Several misbeliefs on the COVID-19 virus are rooted in the Nepalese community. Lockdown for a longer period was deemed an unsustainable preventive measure that directly impacted the income source of daily-wage workers. The fear of contracting coronavirus among healthcare providers at their workplaces was further triggered by the poor working conditions and non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). In fighting the pandemic, screening and management of other health issues were ignored. Conclusion: The prevention measures against COVID-19 are important for the local context, however, the communities need access of basic commodities and access to reliable information to enable them to follow these measures. Availability of appropriate PPE for the healthcare providers is required to reduce the fear of contracting the virus from the patients and workplace. Essential health-care services must also be continued to help reduce excess mortality and morbidity. Keywords: COVID-19; perception; healthcare providers; Nepal.
Woman with dyspnea and history of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA., Kahl Nicolas , Singh Sukhdeep ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA., Oswald Jessica ,   Center for Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA.
Published: November 2021

32-year-old woman with history of pleurisy and systemic lupus erythematosus presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain, acutely worse over one day after a six hour flight three days prior. She became dyspneic walking from her hotel bed to the bathroom. She endorsed 3 weeks of right lower leg cramping. She denied history of blood clots. She appeared tachypneic and speaking in short phrases upon arrival. A bedside ultrasound was performed, see Figures. Vitals: T: 98.3 F, HR: 130, BP: 142/88, RR: 24, oxygen saturation 97% on room air.
Clinical case of preiser disease, bilateral femoral head and humeral head osteonecrosis associated with chronic corticosteroid therapy
Authors:   Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiology Service, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Cental, Lisbon, Portugal., R Cunha , X Verraest ,   Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiology Service, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Cental, Lisbon, Portugal., P Martins ,   Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiology Service, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Cental, Lisbon, Portugal., R Madureira ,   Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiology Service, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Cental, Lisbon, Portugal., A Pereira ,   Electrophysiology and Pacing Unit, Cardiology Service, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Lisboa Cental, Lisbon, Portugal.
Published: November 2021

Osteonecrosis is a pathologic process that is associated with numerous conditions and therapeutic interventions. Most commonly the hip is involved but almost any bone can develop osteonecrosis. It can occur in the femoral head, but also affect the femoral condyles, humeral heads, proximal tibia, vertebrae, and small bones of the hand and foot. The most frequent etiological factors are trauma, alcoholism, and chronic corticosteroid therapy; the latter causing the most devastating form of osteonecrosis. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis is a known toxicity in pediatric and young adult patients treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Osteonecrosis of the shoulders and weight-bearing joints of the lower extremities has emerged as a major adverse effect of modern ALL therapy. Pain in the absence of activity (ie, rest pain) occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients, and nocturnal pain occurs in one-third. MRI continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, especially in early-stage disease. Respectively to Preiser disease, this condition is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by Avascular Necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis, of the scaphoid bone and the clinical manifestations include insidious and progressive pain lasting from months to years, edema, loss of strength and reduced range of motion in the wrist. The treatment of non-traumatic osteonecrosis remains one of the most controversial subjects in the orthopedic literature. The purpose of this case report is to bring to attention osteonecrosis as a potential side effect of corticosteroid use in the pediatric population, as a delayed or missed diagnosis can lead to several joints destruction.
A rare case of transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Grave’s disease after COVID-19 disease
Authors:   SI “Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. VP Komissarenko National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine “, 04114 Kyiv, street Vyshgorodskaya, 69, Ukraine., O Kravchenko V , O Rakov ,   SI “Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. VP Komissarenko National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine “, 04114 Kyiv, street Vyshgorodskaya, 69, Ukraine.
Published: November 2021

Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease are autoimmune diseases with the opposite state of thyroid function: hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Typically, thyrotoxicosis can progress to thyroiditis and eventually hypothyroidism. The transformation of autoimmune thyroiditis into Graves’ disease is a very rare event. SARS-CoV-2 viral infection shares autoimmune mechanisms with common diseases of the thyroid gland and may be the cause of their diseases. We have described a case of Graves’ disease after suffering Covid-19 in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism.
Acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: A case report
Authors:   Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Mabrouk Asma Ben , Chelli Jihene ,   Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Arfa Sondess Arfa ,   Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Mrabet Houcem Elomma ,   Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Machraoui Rafik ,   Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Ammari Fatma Larbi ,   Neurology Department, University Hospital Taher Sfar 5100 Mahdia Tunisia., Berriche Olfa ,   Faculty of Medicine -University of Monastir, Monastir
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (ALETM) poses a problem of etiological diagnosis. The etiologies are diverse; infectious, degenerative, inflammatory and auto-immune. Case report: We are presenting the case of a 19 years old patient, with no prior medical history. He presented with acute flaccid paraplegia, urinary retention and fecal incontinence. The magnetic resonance imaging concluded to ALETM and the etiological investigation allowed us to confirm the diagnosis of myelitis inaugurating systemic lupus erythematosus. The treatment was based on the association of corticoids, cyclophosphamides and four plasma exchanges. No real improvement in the neurological deficiency was noted. Conclusion: The lupus origin of ALETM, although rare, should be considered in young patients since it could, as in our case, the diagnostic circumstance of systemic lupus erythematosus. Keywords: myelitis; lupus erythematosus; systemic; paraplegia.
Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma with extensive destruction of face
Authors:   4415 Heritage Avenue Apt #8B, Okemos, MI 48864, USA., Gogineni Venumadhavi
Published: November 2021

A 58-year-old male with a past medical history of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma presented to the emergency department with complaints of right facial mass, loss of vision, and frequent falls due to visual disturbances. The mass was also associated with pain and purulent drainage. On examination, the patient had a large necrotizing and ulcerative mass occupying the entire right hemiface with complete destruction of facial anatomy including the right eye and nose as shown (Figure 1). On further inquiry, the patient stated that he noticed a “Little Bubble” on his face 3 years ago, which has been progressively worsening since then. He was estranged from his family and had been living alone. The patient did not seek medical care earlier for reasons he did not want to share with the medical team despite our multiple attempts at patient-centered interviewing. He recently established contact with his daughter who ultimately convinced him to seek medical attention. The patient was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma over his face and scalp several years ago, which was successfully treated with surgery at that time. However, he did not follow up and had not seen a physician in several years.
Examination of Acceleration and Speed Performances According to Different Foot Sole Sizes in Sedentary Women
Authors: Taşkin Cengiz , Taşkin Ali Kemal
Published: November 2021

In this study, it was aimed to examine the acceleration and speed performances of sedentary women according to their different foot sole length. 60 women that recide in Gaziantep and live sedentary life has participated voluntarily. The subjects were divided into 4 groups in terms of foot sole length and metatarsus width. The average age of the subjects that are participated in the study is determined as 15.8±0.76 for the 1st group, 16.1±1.13 for the 2nd group, 15.9±1.12 for the 3rd group and 15.7±1.33 for the 4th group. Foot sole, metatarsus measurements, acceleration and speed performance values of the subjects were taken in accordance with the measurement technique. All data that is obtained in the study were compared with each other and analyzed in terms of groups while using the SPSS 20.0 software package. When we evaluate the results of the analysis; it can be seen that there are significant differences that is detected between the 1st, 3rd and 4th groups in terms of acceleration performance in terms of foot sole length and metatarsus width; however, no significant difference was found between the 2nd group and the other groups. Although small differences were detected between the groups when it comes to sprint performance, these differences were not statistically significant. As a result, it was observed that there were differences between the groups in terms of acceleration performance, but there was no significant difference in terms of speed performance.
ASSESSING THE RATE OF ANTIRETRO VIRAL THERAPY ADHERENCE AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN THE ATWIMA NWABIAGYA MUNICIPAL - ASHANTI REGION
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Boateng Ernest , Kumah Dr. Emmanuel ,   Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education Winneba
Published: November 2021

At the end of 2018, HIV remains a significant worldwide medical problem and has claimed over 32 million lives. Around 37.9 million individuals were living with the condition at the end of 2018. The pervasiveness of HIV among African adults (15–49 years) was 3–multiple times higher in 2018. When properly followed, ART has been shown to slow the progression of HIV and enable HIV-positive people to live longer, more productive lives. A treatment regimen of at least three antiretroviral (ARV) medications is typically used. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is insufficient. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the ART adherence among PLHIV in the Atwima Nwabiagya Municipality to suggest efficient and effective strategies to maximize adherence. A cross-sectional study was employed using quantitative methods to assess the associations between ART adherence and socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors. The site for this study was the ART Clinic at Nkawie Government Hospital, with a study population of all AIDS patients at the ART Clinic. The 450 PLHIV sample included females (n = 323, or 71.8%), while the males were 127 (28.2). Of the 450 participants, 215 (47.8%) reported adherence of 95%. The mean adherence index was 91.3%. Again, the study showed that those who took a single (137; 30.4%) ART dose was more comfortable than those who took multiple doses (313; 69.6%). Discomfort with the ART regimen, financial restrictions, forgetting to take medicine, lack of family support, social stigma, and antiretroviral therapy side effects were all major barriers to adherence in this study. Adherence, as stated by the participants, appeared to be below. Non-adherence is linked to both medical and behavioural factors, such as pausing ART or feeling ART discomfort. Atwima Nwabiagya Municipality, adherence to antiretroviral therapy is low. Before starting antiretroviral treatment, all patients can receive intensive adherence counselling.
Effect of Serum SAAG Ratio on the Outcome of Diagnosed Patients with (SBP) Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Comparison to their CTP & Meld Classification
Authors: Chang Adil Hassan , Kadir Bushra , Bughio Ubedullah , Jamali Laraib , Ali Samejo Mashooque , Jahangir Dars Jahanzeb
Published: November 2021

Objective: To investigate the serum albumin levels among hospitalized patients of chronic Liver disease (CLD) having SBP in Asian Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital Hyderabad, detecting early can potentially reduce its outcome of In-Hospital Mortality. Methodology: The descriptive case series study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 at Gastroenterology ward of Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. All cases of CLD having spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and either of gender were enrolled in the study. Cirrhosis stages were assessed by CTP (Child-Turcot-Pugh) score and MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score. Serum levels of albumin were taken under the supervision of well-trained staff nurse(s) by following all guideline protocols and taking care of every risk factor and error for minimizing the bias results. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Mean age of the patients was 47.56±13.069 years. sampled serum albumin levels were found less than 2.0mg/dl have much higher in-hospital mortality rate compared to those having serum albumin levels more than 3.0mg/dl. There were also significant differences in outcome (in-hospital mortality) seen among the gender groups: Male vs. female; in-hospital death 42/165 vs. 19/58 (p-0.283). Hospital mortality was significantly high in CTP-C patients compared to CTP-B patients (59/185 vs. 02/38, (p-0.001). Early detection of high-risk patients is critical for better prognosis. Conclusion: It was observed that, there is a high prevalence of cirrhosis and its complications and a significant relationship of in-hospital mortality among patients of SBP and their SAAG (serum Albumin ratios), which clearly signifies that those patients who have serum Albumin ratio lesser than 2.0mg/dl have higher in-hospital mortality as compared to those have serum Albumin ratio lesser than 2.1-3.1mg/dl and more than 3.0mg/dl. Keywords: Cirrhosis, Albumin, Mortality
Esophageal Carcinoma and Predisposing Factors Among Patients Presented at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad
Authors: Sawai Sajan , Arshad Imran , Hussain Khalid , Ahmed Ayaz , Kumar Prem , Sadiq Muneer
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of predisposing factors in patients having esophageal carcinoma and presented at gastroenterology department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at department of Gastroenterology of Isra university hospital Hyderabad. The study duration was 6 months from July 2017 to December 2017. All patients with esophageal carcinoma assessed by endoscopy and biopsy, age 18 to 60 years either gender was included. During endoscopy specimens were taken with the help of biopsy forceps. Multiple specimens were taken from multiple sites of growth, and referred to the Aga Khan Diagnostic Laboratory for biopsy. In conformed esophageal carcinoma cases after biopsy, history of predisposing factors was taken from patients and their attendants. All the data were entered in the proforma. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: In this study total 157 cases were studied and their mean age was 51.64+15.61 years. The mean duration of disease was 4.89+2.61 months. Males were found in majority 59.9%. According to the type of esophagus carcinoma 90.4% were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and adenocarcinoma was found 9.6%. Smoking was found most common in 45.2% cases, low intake fruit and vegetables history was in 14.0% cases, history of alcohol consumption was in 8.9% patients while Barrett’s esophagus was found only in 4.5% cases. Old age was found to be significantly more common in both types of carcinomas (p-0.017). There was significant difference was found in the association of predisposing factors with type of carcinoma as smoking, alcohol, low intake fruit and vegetables and smoking + alcohol (p-<0.05). Barrett’s esophagus and smoking + low intake fruit and vegetable were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (p-0.001). Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma was observed to be highly prevalent in patients of esophageal carcinoma. Smoking, alcohol, low intake fruit and vegetables and smoking + alcohol were found significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Barrett’s esophagus and smoking + low intake fruit and vegetables were found significantly associated with adenocarcinoma. Keywords: Esophageal carcinoma, predisposing factors
Association Between Pre-Term Labour and Inter Pregnancy Interval
Authors: Fatima Mona , Naz Urooj , Hira Aruna Kumari , Habib Aneela , Kazi Prof Sarah , Majeed Haris
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To determine the frequency of preterm labour in association with interpregnancy interval among pregnant women visiting tertiary care Hospital. Subject and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed at Unit-I, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Civil Hospital Karachi; from June to November 2020. A total of 190 women with singleton pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound were included. After taking detailed medical history regarding previous fetal death and C-section was recorded either patient goes into preterm labour or not and confirmed by history for short and prolong interpregnancy interval (IPI). Data was collected by pre-designed study proforma. Results: The average age of study subjects was 26.27±4.07 years. The frequency of preterm labour among the pregnant women was 51.05%. The rate of preterm was significantly higher in those women who had with short inter interpregnancy interval (p=0.0005). Conclusion: Our findings clearly show that a short interval in inter-pregnancy is a cause of premature birth. Preterm birth can also be indicated by the antenatal care visits, inter-pregnancy complications, and having a birth defect. Premature birth minimization can enhance overall newborn's health and can lead to considerable minimization of neonatal death in the future. Keywords: Preterm labor, prolong pregnancy interval, neonatal health
Comparative Analysis of Pembrolizumab and Chemotherpay with Radiology Among Patients of Untreated Pd-L1 Positive Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Mubarak Zobia , Sukhera Shazia , Shujat Jauhar
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of chemotherapy with radiology and use of pembrolizumab among the patients had metastatic triple negative breast cancer and did not receive any treatment yet. Study Design: Comparative/Observational study. Place and Duration: Breast Clinic Ganga Ram Hospital Mazang Road, Lahore. April 2021-Sep 2021 Methods: Total 70 patients of aged 25-75 years were presented in this study. Patients had metastatic triple negative breast cancer and did not receive any treatment yet were included. Demographically detailed of enrolled cases age, body mass index, co-morbidities and literacy were calculated after taking informed written consent. Patients were equally divided into two groups, I and II. Group I had 35 patients and received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 2-weeks for six months while in group II 35 patients received chemotherapy (75mg Adriamycin) every 21-days for six months. Regular follow up among patients were conducted. Post-treatment outcomes among both groups were assessed and compared in terms of efficacy, control of disease, mortality and recurrence rate. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 58.01±4.34 years with mean BMI 28.21±6.22 kg/m2 and in group II mean age was 57.88±6.88 years with mean BMI 27.94±9.42 kg/m2. Frequency of literacy in group I was 18 (51.4%) and in group II 20 (57.1%) patients were literate. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity found in 13 (37.1%) in group I and 14 (40%) in group II followed by arthritis and diabetes mellitus. Post-treatment effectiveness in group I was 15 (42.9%) higher as compared to group II 10 (28.6%), partial recovery found in 11 (31.4%) and 8 (22.9%) among both groups, stability in disease was found higher among patients of group II 12 (34.3%) as compared to group I 7 (20%). Mortality in group I was 3 (8.6%) and in group II 5 (14.3%). Recurrence rate in pembrolizumab group was 2 (5.7%) lower as compared to chemotherapy group 4 (11.4%). Conclusion: In this research we concluded that the use of pembrolizumab injection for the treatment of breast cancer was effective and useful in terms of low mortality rate with recurrence rate and higher number of recovery, but rate of stability among disease was higher in chemotherapy group. Both treatments were effective for reduction in the prevalence of disease. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Chemotherapy, Pembrolizumab, Mortality, Recurrence
Investigating the effect of habitat modification on chronic stress in deer mice: a preliminary study
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Luis Angela D.
Published: November 2021

Anthropogenic habitat modification can lead to chronic stress in wildlife. This can result in immunosuppression and higher disease prevalence. Chronically stressed individuals typically have elevated baseline GCs and decreased body condition. GCs are called FGMs when excreted in feces and can be used to noninvasively evaluate stress in free-ranging wildlife. In the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)–SNV system, SNV prevalence is higher in deer mice at peridomestic settings, which are human-modified habitats. This is problematic because SNV causes a fatal disease in humans, and thus the higher SNV prevalence may lead to higher risk of infection for humans. In our study, we hypothesized that SNV prevalence would be higher in deer mice at human-modified habitats due to chronic stress. To test our hypothesis, we compared two stress measures (i.e., baseline FGMs and body condition scores) in deer mice from one peridomestic and one sylvan grid over 2 months. Captured deer mice were tagged, weighed, sexed and sampled for feces and blood and were evaluated for reproductive status and body condition before release. Blood samples were analysed for SNV antibodies, and fecal samples were evaluated for FGMs. We found higher deer mouse numbers at the sylvan grid. There were no differences in baseline FGM levels between peridomestic and sylvan populations. However, peridomestic deer mice had overall lower body condition. Given the low SNV prevalence across both grids, we were unable to examine potential correlations between SNV prevalence and chronic stress. Regardless, we conclude that deer mice at human-modified habitats may not be chronically stressed, which may suggest that higher SNV prevalence at peridomestic settings may not be the result of chronic stress. Although we did find that peridomestic deer mice had lower body condition, this may not have been related to chronic stress because there were no differences in baseline FGMs. Longer studies with more site replication are needed to validate and expand on our findings. Our preliminary study adds to the existing body of knowledge that examines relationships between stress physiology and disease prevalence in human-modified environments.
FDI - A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Sachdev Bhavneet Kaur
Published: November 2021

Foreign Direct Investment provides maximum benefits to developing countries, it helps to boost the economy development , generate employment opportunities , also help to provide professional skills , better customer services and also increases government revenue , FDI results in maximum benefit for the targeted country then the foreign invest , even during this pandemic situation , India is the only country that has achieved maximum benefit from FDI , China , Japan and Saudi Arabia also have achieved benefits from FDI in 2020. FDI investment in 2020 was mostly from Singapore and United States , there are many countries which invest in India , it is the largest beneficiary in South Asia , and third ranks in the international market , Maximum countries want to invest in India , India is growing very fast with FDI . However there are a few advantages also of FDI in India , it is disadvantage for the small industries to cope with high MNCs and also there are times when it might result in exchange crisis and many other . FDI in India will be amplified in the upcoming years. Keywords: FDI, developing countries, employment, India, beneficiary, investment, international market
A NEED FOR INDIA TO INVEST MORE IN THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR TO PROVIDE BETTER HEALTH SERVICES TO ITS PEOPLE AFTER LOOKING AT THE COVID-19 CASUALTY
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: November 2021

With 75% of the health are expenditure comes from the people of India , the rest is by the government , the government spends only 1.6% of the GDP on health care sector , there is major problems in our health care sector starting from shortage of beds , to lack of doctors and nurses , the difference in the quality of treatment in the urban and rural areas as well as in private and public hospitals . The doctors even limit themselves to the private hospital because of maximum facilities , the cost of treatment is so high that half of the people die out of loan , The government during this catastrophic has provided and increased its budget for the treatment and for public health care facilities but that is not enough during at one time . around 1.8 million people have died in the pandemic situation , in India only 2 % of the people have been vaccinated . India has entered the second wave of corona virus , when it comes to rural India , there is hardly any facility available , especially for the pregnant women and its child during this COVID-19 pandemic . There is lack of medical facilities in India both rural and urban , infrastructural and human resources to cure the people . India is being dependent on other countries for import of oxygen cylinders , India is the global hotspot of COVID at present . Keywords: health care, expenditure, covid-19, budget, GDP, vaccinated, catastrophic
Impact of Factors Immigration from Southern and Capital of Iraq to Erbil City on Local Economic Geographic
Authors: Hussain Ali Dashti
Published: November 2021

People generally seek a better life, so most of them migrate to countries and places that help them improve their standard of living or escape from political turmoil and wars. Still, migration may constitute a set of effects on migrants and the countries to which they go. Migration affects some individuals by making it difficult for them to adapt to the nature of life in the new region, especially with the emergence of cultural and social differences, and also many immigrants do not find anything but difficult jobs that take long working hours and low wages complex migration affects countries with high population density, which leads to an increase in the unemployment rate poverty and the emergence of many political and economic consequence.
This study seeks many factors and reasons that lead to immigration from the southern and capital of Iraq to Erbil city.  The researchers built his information by ddistributing200 questioner and obtained 186 Usable with ignoring 14 nonusable. The result observed that there is no significant correlation between the independent variable (internal migration) and the dependent variable (economic geography), depending on the value of the statistical significance (0.05), whose value was more significant than the level of significance (0.05), and this indicates that internal migration has nothing to do with the changes taking place in economic geography.
Dispositivos externos en unidad de cuidado crítico pediátrico
Authors: Torres Muñoz Ángela , Vallejo Díaz José Fernando , Otálvaro Pechené Angie
Published: November 2021

La radiografía simple es un método diagnóstico útil en el seguimiento de pacientes en servicios de hospitalización, cirugía y unidad de cuidados intensivos. Este artículo ofrece una visión general de los dispositivos pediátricos más usados. También se describen de manera breve las indicaciones, hallazgos radiológicos y complicaciones asociadas a la inserción de los dispositivos. Esta información permite reconocer y confirmar la adecuada posición e identificar oportunamente los dispositivos mal ubicados, que pueden causar complicaciones graves.
The Role of The Community in Handling The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Rohim Abdul
Published: November 2021

Coronavirus disease is also known as Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) and was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of December 2019. This virus spreads rapidly and has reached almost every country, including Indonesia, in just a few months. As a result, numerous countries have implemented regulations imposing lockdowns to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus. To control the spread of this virus, Indonesia implemented a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy. The method employed in this study is to analyze data from various reading sources. By comparing journals or articles, references are obtained from online publications with diverse studies. This study utilized five journals as references, all of which demonstrated that community participation in preventing the spread of Covid-19 was in a good category. According to the journals reviewed, information regarding the handling of Covid-19 necessitated the participation of all parties to prevent its spread. From the five journals obtained, all of these journals indicate that the role of the community is required in preventing the spread of the Covid-19 virus.
The Effect of Covid 19 on Tbc Patient Visits
Authors: Suarli Fachrul
Published: November 2021

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease that is of concern to the world, especially Indonesia which is in the third-highest rank after India and China. Some studies have reported that patients living with tuberculosis and who are undergoing anti-tuberculosis drug therapy have a significant impact on their quality of life. TB patients who are undergoing treatment, both obedient and non-compliant can experience a decrease in various physical, social, psychological, and environmental functions which will have an impact on decreasing quality of life. However, since 2019, there has been a Covid-19 pandemic which is highly contagious and can cause severe illness, causing people to be afraid to come to health facilities. Because people are afraid to come to health facilities, it is feared that there will be an explosion of TB disease because of the risk of dropping out of drugs which causes an increase in the death rate due to TB. In addition, without treatment for TB patients, it can cause the spread of TB disease to become more widespread. So if a TB patient suffers from Covid-19, it can make his illness worse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO estimates that there will be a 25% reduction in TB case detection.
Characteristic People With Hypertension in Yogyakarta Special Region During The First Year of Covid-19 Pandemics
Authors: Rokhmayanti Rokhmayanti , Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Aji Budi , Pramatama Mars Wijayanti Siwi , Khair Ummul
Published: November 2021

Since 2017, hypertension was the top first disease in the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). It cannot be ignored because hypertension is an entrance for other degenerative diseases. Along with the COVID-19 pandemic at the beginning of 2020 raising our curiosity whether there has been a change in the incidence of hypertension in DIY during this year, then what are its characteristics. This study explores the characteristics of people with hypertension by age group and gender in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Yogyakarta Special Region. A descriptive study was employed in this study, with the main source was the secondary data from the Yogyakarta Special Region health office, the year 2020. Analysis was conducted by univariate tabulation. Data from the Yogyakarta provincial health office shows that in 2020 there will be an increase of more than eight thousand cases of hypertension. In general, this increase was lower than the increase in the previous two years. In 2020, the highest incidence of hypertension was found in women in the age range of 60-69. Meanwhile, in the (15–19) age group, the majority of cases happened in men. This study shows that during 2020, which was the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of hypertension increased but not as high as the previous two years. The majority of hypertension occurred in the 60-69 age group, with the majority in men.
NALYSIS OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF MODERN VARIETIES FLAX-DOLGUNETS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REGION OF RUSSIA
Authors: Трабурова Е.А. , Рожмина Т.А.
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты оценки 16 сортов льна-долгунца отечественной и зарубежной селекции по урожайности волокна и основным параметрам адаптивности в условиях Центрального региона России. Погодные условия в годы проведения испытаний были различными, наиболее благоприятные условия сложились в 2018 году, гидротермический коэффициент за период вегетации составил 1,3, урожайность в среднем по опыту составила 2,02 т/га. Стрессовые условия, связанные с переувлажнением в критический период роста и развития растений льна-долгунца (ГТК в июне и июле 1,7 и 1,8 соответственно), имели место в 2017 году, урожайность в среднем по опыту – 1,03 т/га. Наиболее высокую урожайность льноволокна (1,78-1,97 т/га) в среднем за три года (2017 - 2019 гг.) показали сорта Цезарь, Синель, Добрыня (Россия), Marylin (Голландия), Белита (Республика Беларусь), Andrea и Altea (Франция). При стрессовых условиях (индекса условий среды -0,51) высокой адаптивностью обладали Цезарь (157,7%), Синель (152,9) и Добрыня (137,4).

The article presents the results of evaluating 16 varieties of fiber flax of domestic and foreign selection in terms of fiber yield and the main parameters of adaptability in the conditions of the Central region of Russia. The weather conditions in the years of testing were different, the most favorable conditions developed in 2018, the hydrothermal coefficient for the growing season was 1.3, the average yield in the experiment was 2.02 c/ha. Stress conditions associated with waterlogging during the critical period of growth and development of fiber flax plants (GTC in June and July 1.7 and 1.8, respectively) took place in 2017, the average yield in experience was 1.03 c/ha. The highest yield of flax fiber (1.78-1.97 t/ha) on average over three years (2017 - 2019) was shown by the varieties Caesar, Sinel, Dobrynya (Russia), Marylin (Holland), Belita (Republic of Belarus), Andrea and Altea (France). Under stressful conditions (index of environmental conditions -0.51), Caesar (157.7%), Chenille (152.9) and Dobrynya (137.4) have high adaptability.
Perspectivas desde la complejidad y ciencias sociales
Authors: Morales Prado Wendy Lucía
Published: November 2021

La teoría de la complejidad es el punto de partida para la resolución de las problemáticas presentes en cada una de las ciencias, al buscar soluciones transdisciplinarias, reflexivas y de frontera.
PENYELESAIAN MASALAH MODEL ANIMISTIS
Authors: Antono Yustinus Slamet
Published: November 2021

Pemberian hadiah merupakan fenomena yang mudah dijumpai di berbagai kebudayaan yang ada di muka bumi. Melalui cara itu relasi antar sesama manusia dipererat dan dipelihara. Praktek pemberian hadiah dalam berbagai bentuknya dan juga istilah-istilahnya kepada para pejabat ataupun yang memiliki kewenangan juga telah lama ada. Istilah yang sering digunakan untuk praktek tersebut adalah suap. Suap merupakan model penyelesaian masalah-masalah profan yaitu masalah-masalah yang terkait dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Terkait dengan fenomena suap-menyuap, apakah religiositas tradisional berkontribusi dalam menyediakan model penyelesaian masalah seperti itu? Dalam artikel ini akan dibahas cara pandang masyarakat terhadap dunianya serta sikap-sikap yang diperlukan  baik pada saat dalam keadaan biasa-biasa saja maupun ketika berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah kehidupan serta cara penyelesiannya. Melalui pendapat para ahli Jawa, masyarakat Jawa akan dijadikan  sebagai bahan analisa untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas