bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nationwide deformation monitoring with SqueeSAR® using Sentinel-1 data
Authors: Bischoff Christine A. , Ferretti Alessandro , Novali Fabrizio , Uttini Andrea , Giannico Chiara , Meloni Francesco
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Subsidence can now be routinely mapped on a national
scale thanks to ESA's Sentinel-1 sensors and advanced scalable
SqueeSAR® processing. In order to be integrated into existing
monitoring programmes, the SqueeSAR® datasets can be
calibrated with GNSS measurements. The dense spatial coverage of
SqueeSAR® deformation maps captures local deformation
phenomena, and with appropriate calibration, can advance the understanding
of regional deformation trends. The regular and reliable SAR image
acquisitions by Sentinel-1, as well as significant improvements in the
scalability of SqueeSAR® processing allow regular updates of
deformation maps on a national scale. Filtering the large amount of data for
relevant information is achieved by using an algorithm to detect changes in
displacement trends.
Dynamic variation characteristics of layered monitored land subsidence near a fast railway line
Authors: Shi Kaiwen , Luo Yong
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The fast railway line B is a high-speed railway passenger
passageway in Beijing, with a total length of 40.75 km. In the plain area,
the railway passes through the land subsidence area of Beijing from south to
north, which poses a certain threat to the normal operation of a high-speed
railway. Using layered monitoring data for the period 2009–2014 from
station A, this paper analyses dynamic changes in the annual subsidence rate
and the rate and percentage of soil deformation at different depths, as well
as the compression deformation law of soil with different lithology and
depth with the change of the water level. The results show that (1) since
2012, the proportion of shallow-layer (≤82 m) compression and
settlement contribution has gradually decreased, while the proportion of
deep-layer (> 82 m) compression has significantly increased; (2) during the deformation process of layered soil, the amount of compression is
closely related to the change of groundwater level; and (3) the shallow, middle
and deep strata show obvious viscoelastic–plastic deformation
characteristics on the whole.
Influence of pore water pressure change on consolidation behavior of saturated poroelastic medium
Authors: Yeh Chao-Lung , Lo Wei-Cheng , Lin Cheng-Wei , Ding Chung-Feng
Published: April 2020

Abstract. There are many factors causing land subsidence, and groundwater
extraction is one of the most important causes of subsidence. A set of
coupled partial differential equations are derived in this study by using
the poro-elasticity theory and linear stress-strain constitutive relation to
describe the one-dimensional consolidation in a saturated porous medium
subjected to pore water pressure change due to groundwater table depression.
Simultaneously, the closed-form analytical solutions for excess pore water
pressure and total settlement are obtained. To illustrate the consolidation
behavior of the poroelastic medium, the saturated layer of clay sandwiched
between two sand layers is simulated, and the dimensionless pore water
pressure changes with depths and the dimensionless total settlement as
function of time in the clay layer are examined. The results show that the
greater the water level change in the upper and lower sand layers, the
greater the pore water pressure change and the total settlement of the clay
layer, and the more time it takes to reach the steady state. If the amount
of groundwater replenishment is increased, the soil layer will rebound.
Updating the subsidence map of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) by integration of SAR interferometry and GNSS time series: the 2011–2016 period
Authors: Bitelli Gabriele , Bonsignore Flavio , Del Conte Sara , Franci Francesca , Lambertini Alessandro , Novali Fabrizio , Severi Paolo , Vittuari Luca
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The analysis of the vertical movements of the soil in the
Po River plane of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) was updated through an
interferometric analysis referred to the 2011–2016 time-span. This activity
is a continuation of previous studies on the state of knowledge of vertical
soil movements in the same area, analyzed firstly by levelling and GNSS and
more recently by SAR interferometry for the periods 1992–2000, 2002–2006,
2006–2011, on behalf of the Emilia-Romagna Region. The survey area analysed
was approximately 13 300 km2, which corresponds to the territory
of the regional plain. The interferometric dataset was calibrated through
the use of velocity time series of several permanent GNSS stations. Among
the 36 stations analysed, 22 were included in the study area: 16 were used
for the calibration and 6 as check points). The velocities required for the
calibration of the SAR analysis were calculated in the period following the
important seismic events that struck the territory of the Emilia Romagna
Region in May 2012. The interferometric analysis was carried out by TRE
ALTAMIRA using the SqueeSAR™ technology. In particular, in
order to update the interferometric dataset to 2016, it was necessary to
perform a joint processing of the available RADARSAT-1 data and of the data
acquired by the RADARSAT-2 satellite using a specific operating mode of the
SqueeSAR™ algorithm known as stitching; this approach allowed
the joint processing of images acquired in the same geometry by these two
satellites. The study of the time series of the GNSS permanent stations used
to provide the velocity datum to the interferometric analysis, is described,
and the results of the SqueeSAR™ interferometric processing are
reported. Statistical analyses on the spatial distribution and the type of
scatterers have been performed during the screening and validation
procedures of the dataset, and for the identification and removal of the
outliers. Finally, the resulting map is described in order to analyse the
measured soil movements with respect to the results obtained in past
analyses, and the possible geological and human-induced causes, which could
have produced them.
Spatial variation of three-dimensional deformation: a case study in the north-eastern Beijing plain, China
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Zhu Lin , Gong Huili , Li Huijun , Zheng Liping , Cheng Rui , Sun Hanrui
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence is a serious geo-hazard in Beijing Plain,
which has threatened the safety of the operation of the metropolis. This
study focuses on the land subsidence in the Chaobai River alluvial fan,
where is the main groundwater supply region. The vertical and the East-West
deformation from June 2015 to December 2017 was derived based on the SAR
imaging geometry deduction. Then, the spatial variation characteristics of
the deformation were analysed and the relations with the impact factors were carried out. Results show that the nugget effect (i.e., random to total spatial variance ratio) values of the vertical and the East-West deformation at regional scale were 13 % and 49 %, respectively. This indicates that the distribution of the vertical deformation is dominated by regional influencing factors, while both regional and local-scale impact factors are
important for the distribution of the East–West deformation. In the southern
part of the study area, the extraction of groundwater is the dominant factor
affecting the spatial distribution of the vertical displacement, while the
dominant factor of East-West deformation is not obvious. This study can
enrich the understanding of land subsidence distribution and will help us
better understand the causes of land subsidence.
Modeling of land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Wedam , Kalkan Ekrem , Guzy Artur , Alacali Mine , Malinowska Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence is a threat that occurs worldwide as a result of the withdrawal of fluid and also underground mining. The subsidence is mainly due to excessive groundwater withdrawal from certain types of rocks, such as fine-grained sediments. Mitigating the effects of land subsidence generally requires careful observations of the temporal change in groundwater level and ideally modeling of groundwater flow and subsidence. In Turkey, land subsidence is a crucial issue in the Konya Closed Basin. When simulating the effect of long-term groundwater withdrawal on the spatial variation of subsidence rates, various coupled numerical groundwater-flow and subsidence models have been used. Also, GPS, InSAR and ENVISAT SAR images have been used for verification of the models' parameters. In the work reported here, a novel numerical solution based on consolidation theory was developed in MATLAB to predict the land subsidence of the Konya Closed Basin. In order to adjust the model to the local conditions, historical data from the study area for the years 2011–2014 were used. The presented solution allowed for subsidence model development which can support the prediction of the ground movement for the Konya Closed Basin in Turkey.
Atlantis, a tool for producing national predictive land subsidence maps of the Netherlands
Authors: Bootsma Huite , Kooi Henk , Erkens Gilles
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A tool is presented that allows efficient and largely
automated production of predictive land subsidence maps on a national scale
in the Netherlands. The tool, based on Python scripts, is named Atlantis and
calculates the subsidence induced by phreatic groundwater level management
in Holocene soft-soil areas through peat oxidation and consolidation.
Process formulation, input datasets and data handling procedures are
elucidated. Maps produced with Atlantis will soon be available online.
Towards regionally forecasting shallow subsidence in the Netherlands
Authors: Candela Thibault , Koster Kay , Stafleu Jan , Visser Wilfred , Fokker Peter
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Netherlands is subject to anthropogenically induced deep-source and shallow subsidence. Deep sources are related to the extraction of hydrocarbons or salt mining activities, whereas shallow subsidence comprise compaction, shrinkage and oxidation of clay and peat under progressive lowering groundwater levels. At TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands, deep-source and shallow subsidence are presently investigated separately. Forward and inverse modelling techniques are generally deployed to forecast subsidence caused by deep sources, whereas shallow subsidence is predicted using the high-resolution geological 3-D subsurface model GeoTOP. A new approach is proposed which encompasses forward and inverse modelling techniques and GeoTOP. Such combination will yield a powerful shallow subsidence forecasting model, which would be a critical step forward in analyzing shallow subsidence in the Netherlands on a regional scale. In the present contribution, we sketch the setup of this new approach that
combines subsidence measurements, GeoTOP subsurface data, and data assimilation of subsidence with the help of state-of-the-art forward and
inverse modelling techniques. The setup uses ensemble technology to catch
uncertainties of parameters, different model choices, and implicit correlations. With such a setup, forecasts can be faithfully accompanied
with a quality measure that enables to judge its relevance and confidence
range.
Parameterisation of the Koppejan settlement prediction model using cone penetration testing and gradient boosting
Authors: Duffy Kevin , Siderius Klaas , Long Mike
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This study examines how cone penetration test (CPT)
parameters, such as cone tip resistance and friction sleeve resistance, can
be used to assess the compressibility of fine-grained soils across the
Netherlands based on a database of 286 paired CPTs and oedometer tests from
across the country. This is done with the aim of refining and simplifying
the parameterisation of the Koppejan consolidation coefficients, a procedure
which can yield significant error and is prone to misinterpretation. It was
found that there is significant potential in using gradient boosting methods
to obtain a relationship between the CPT parameters and the Koppejan
parameters, with further investigation required into the noise within the
dataset and the acquisition of additional high-quality samples. The use of
such methods will offer a means of reducing the influence of human error or
misinterpretation on the prediction of settlement and provide further
confidence in the use of machine learning methods in engineering practice.
Blending measurements and numerical models: a novel methodological approach for land subsidence prediction with uncertainty quantification
Authors: Gazzola Laura , Ferronato Massimiliano , Frigo Matteo , Teatini Pietro , Zoccarato Claudia , Corradi Anna Antonia Irene , Dacome Maria Carolina , Della Rossa Ernesto , De Simoni Michela , Mantica Stefano
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The use of numerical models for land subsidence prediction above producing hydrocarbon reservoirs has become a common and well-established practice since the early '90s. Usually, uncertainties in the deep rock behavior, which can affect the forecast capability of the models, have been taken into account by running multiple simulations with different constitutive laws and mechanical properties. Then, the most uncertain parameters were calibrated to reproduce available subsidence measurements.
The objective of this work is to propose a novel methodological approach for land subsidence prediction and uncertainty quantification by integrating the available monitoring information in numerical models using ad hoc Data Assimilation techniques. The proposed approach allows to: (i) train the model with the available data and improve its accuracy as new information comes in, (ii) quantify the prediction uncertainty by providing confidence intervals and probability measures instead of deterministic outcomes, and (iii) identify the most appropriate rock constitutive model and geomechanical parameters.
The methodology is tested in synthetic models of production from hydrocarbon reservoirs. The numerical experiments show that the proposed approach is a promising way to improve the effectiveness and reliability of land subsidence models.
Creep consolidation in land subsidence modelling; integrating geotechnical and hydrological approaches in a new MODFLOW package (SUB-CR)
Authors: Kooi Henk , Erkens Gilles
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Creep and secondary consolidation are important phenomena
in settlement caused by surface loads, but not commonly considered in land
subsidence driven by groundwater extraction. To explore the role of creep in
such settings, a new MODFLOW-2005 land subsidence package was developed that
incorporates a creep formulation gleaned from geotechnical software. This
formulation, which is based on the isotache concept, is an extension of, and
incorporates the classical elastoplastic compression model of Terzaghi as a
limiting case. The package is introduced, and results are presented of an
application to a site in northern Jakarta. It is shown that the isotache
model requires considerably higher overconsolidation levels of clays than
the Terzaghi model, and that creep contributes to subsidence long after
drawdown in pumped aquifers has stabilized, a phenomenon that is
traditionally attributed to “hydrodynamic lag”.
A New Software to Model Earth Fissure Caused by Extensive Aquifer Exploitation and its Application to the Guangming Village Case, China
Authors: Li Yueting , Frigo Matteo , Zhang Yan , Zhu Lin , Ferronato Massimiliano , Janna Carlo , Gong Xulong , Yu Jun , Teatini Pietro , Ye Shujun
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Earth fissures accompanying anthropogenic land subsidence due to
excessive aquifer exploitation create significant geohazards in China.
Numerical models represent a unique scientific approach to predict the
generation and development of earth fissures. However, the common
geomechanical simulators fail to reproduce fissure development because they
cannot be effectively applied in discontinuous mechanics. An innovative
modelling approach developed recently is applied to develop a software to
simulate fissure development. The pressure changes are used as forcing
factors in a 3D geomechanical model, which combines Finite Elements and
Interface Elements to simulate the deformation of the continuous aquifer
system and the generation and sliding/opening of earth fissures. The approach
has been applied to simulate the earth fissures at Guangming Village in
Wuxi, China with land subsidence of more than 1 m caused by the
overexploitation of the second confined aquifer. The modelling results
highlight that the earth fissures at Guangming Village have been caused by
tension and shear stresses. Based on the developed modelling approach and
the application case study, a software platform is developed to provide a
fast preliminary evaluation of the risk of fissure occurrence associated to
land subsidence. The software allows for the simulation of a simplified 2D
conceptual geologic model of earth fissures, which can be used to
investigate how the main factors controlling the geomechanical response of
the aquifer system, such as pressure changes, geometry of aquifer system,
geomechanical properties, and depth of bedrock/fault etc.
Regional subsidence at the former Texcoco Lake: numerical modelling and settlements prediction
Authors: Ovando-Shelley Efrain , Ossa-Lopez Alexandra , Gonzalez Renata
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This paper describes the application of an EVP one-dimensional constitutive soil model to analyse regional subsidence. The model was modified assuming that the boundary conditions vary over time, as well as considering the stratification of the subsoil. It adequately simulates the consolidation process caused by the exploitation of the aquifers that underlie the Mexico basin, and is validated at a site in the former Texcoco Lake, some 14 km north of Mexico City, where geotechnical and piezometric information is available together with records of past subsidence. Settlement predictions were carried out for different periods of time, assuming that pore pressure depletion rates at the permeable borders of the compressible strata remain constant over time.
Predicting land deformation by integrating InSAR data and cone penetration testing through machine learning techniques
Authors: Sajadian Melika , Teixeira Ana , Tehrani Faraz S. , Lemmens Mathias
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Built environments developed on compressible soils are susceptible to land deformation. The spatio-temporal monitoring and analysis of these deformations are necessary for sustainable development of cities. Techniques such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) or predictions based on soil mechanics using in situ characterization, such as Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) can be used for assessing such land deformations. Despite the combined advantages of these two methods, the relationship between them has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to reconcile InSAR measurements and CPT measurements using machine learning techniques in an attempt to better predict land deformation.
About geomechanical safety for UGS activities in faulted reservoirs
Authors: Teatini Pietro , Zoccarato Claudia , Ferronato Massimiliano , Franceschini Andrea , Frigo Matteo , Janna Carlo , Isotton Giovanni
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A critical issue concerning geomechanical safety for UGS
(underground gas storage) in compartmentalized reservoirs is fault
reactivation. Indeed, the displacement (land subsidence, land upheaval) and
the stress fields caused by the seasonal injection and production of
CH4 into and from deep reservoirs is peculiar. The need of improving
our understanding of compartmentalized reservoir behavior and to define safe
bounds for the pressure fluctuation in order to prevent undesired land
movements and induced seismicity is becoming even more important. This also
in view of the expected energy transition when large amount of green energy
will potentially be stored and recovered through UGS of compressed air or
hydrogen. In this framework, an in-depth modelling investigation has been
carried out for the typical UGS geological setting and operations in The
Netherlands. The specific goals of the study are the following: (i) explaining the possible mechanisms responsible for seismic events
unexpectedly recorded during UGS phases; (ii) understanding which are the
critical factors (e.g. the geological configuration, the geomechanical
properties, and the reservoir operations) that increase the probability of
fault reactivation during the various UGS stages; and (iii) advancing
possible guidelines for safe UGS operations. This contribution summarizes
the main outcomes obtained by the modelling simulations: the combinations of
factors causing fault reactivation during primary production (PP) are also
more prone to generate fault failure during cushion gas injection (CG) and
UGS. In fact, fault activation during PP leads to a stress redistribution
and a new (deformed) “equilibrated” configuration that is newly loaded, in
the opposite direction, when the pressure variation changes the sign because
of CG and/or UGS. Finally, the various combinations have been ranked to
highlight the conditions where the fault system is most likely reactivated
during CG and UGS operations: the initial stress regime of the system, the
geomechanical properties of the fault, and dislocation of the reservoir
compartments are the major influencing drivers to fault instability.
How to connect societal concerns on subsidence to expert knowledge
Authors: Kroon Ingrid C. , Fokker Peter A. , Breunese Jaap N.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The proper management of subsidence hazards requires a
procedure to formulate thresholds and measurement & control loops. Such a
formulation should be adequate in terms of technical hazard and hazard
perception, unambiguous, in plain language and preferably complying with
national or international standards. The technical nature of subsidence
measurements, modeling and forecasts makes the important task of
transferring knowledge on this issue from society to the research community
and vice versa challenging. In this paper, we therefore propose a phased
procedure of setting subsidence thresholds and control loops, intended for
general use. The procedure is illustrated with three cases of mining
projects from the Netherlands: gas production from fields below the Wadden
Sea, salt production near Veendam, and gas production near Harlingen. We
provide guidance for future use of the procedure and conclude with a few
suggestions on the translation issue to the subsidence expert community.
Regulating Subsidence and its uncertainty in the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: de Waal Johannes A. , Schouten Mathijs W.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. At the start of gas production its effects on land
subsidence are not certain. There are uncertainties in mechanisms, models
and parameters. Examples are non-linear deformation of reservoir rock, fault
transmissibility, behaviour of overlaying salt and aquifer activity. Looking
back at historical cases in the Netherlands, a factor two or three
difference between initial prediction and final outcome is quite common. As
the Dutch regulator, SSM is tasked with assuring proper management by
operators of the risks associated with land subsidence from natural gas
production in The Netherlands. Large initial uncertainties can only be
tolerated if operators can demonstrate that timely actions can still be
taken when predefined subsidence limits are at risk of being exceeded now or
in the future. The applied regulatory approach is illustrated by the case
history of gas production induced subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea area. This
environmentally highly sensitive UNESCO World Heritage Site is a natural gas
province. Extensive legal, technical and organisational frameworks are in
place to prevent damage to its natural values. Initial uncertainties in the
predicted subsidence (rate) were later exacerbated by the detection of
strong non-linear effects in the observed subsidence behaviour, leading to
new concerns. It was realised that – depending on the underlying physical
cause(s) – there will be a different impact on future subsidence. To assure
proper management of the additional uncertainty by the operator, several
improvements in the regulatory approach have been implemented. Possible
underlying mechanisms had to be studied in depth and improved data analysis
techniques were requested to narrow down uncertainties as time progresses.
The approach involves intensified field monitoring, scenario's covering the
full range of uncertainties and a particle filter approach to handle
uncertainties in predictions and measurements. Spatial-temporal double
differences, production data and the full covariance matrix are used to
confront scenario predictions against measurements and to assess their
relative probability. The regulator is actively involved in assuring this
integrated control loop of predictions, monitoring, updating, mitigation
measures and the closing of knowledge gaps. The regulator involvement is
supported in the Mining law and by appropriate conditions in the production
plan assent. With the approach it can be confidently assured that subsidence
(rate) will remain within the allowed range.
The effect of land subsidence on real estate values
Authors: Willemsen Wouter , Kok Sien , Kuik Onno
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence in the Netherlands, mainly occurring in its western and
northern peat and clay soils, causes significant damage to houses and
infrastructure, estimated at EUR 17 billion until 2050, through differential settlement of shallow foundations, negative skin friction and
fungal decay of timber piles. Various studies and reports both in The
Netherlands and abroad have addressed the potential economic impacts of
subsidence on houses: yet, these studies lack spatially detailed data and
instead rely on generic assumptions on expected damage restoration costs. By using a hedonic pricing model, this study examines the impact of subsidence on housing prices in the Dutch cities of Rotterdam and Gouda. In contrast to earlier studies, subsidence and its impact on property values are examined at house level. We test for the effect of subsidence with data related to (i) general (uniform) subsidence (mm yr−1), (ii) differential subsidence of a building and (iii) subsidence of the surrounding area in relation to the house. Results show that uniform subsidence has the largest impact on property values with approximately −6 %, while “differential” and “surrounding” subsidence show respectively −2 % and no effect. These results could prove useful to policymakers, homeowners and housing corporations by generating a better understanding of the impact of subsidence on property values and subsequently to create awareness and spur investments in measures to mitigate damage. It should be noted that these results are specific to the research area are therefore not immediately scalable to other cities as local conditions differ.
The 6M approach to land subsidence
Authors: Erkens Gilles , Stouthamer Esther
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Though global awareness of land subsidence has increased
over recent years, subsidence remains an ongoing and largely unsolved
problem, which is exemplified by frequent discoveries of apparently new
subsiding areas. This means that for many of these areas there is a
continuous and growing need to provide guidance to decision makers on how to
tackle this global problem. This paper presents a comprehensive,
step-by-step approach to address land subsidence, illustrated by best
practise examples from around the world. The approach places emphasis on the
long-term sustainability of resources, whose development is related to the
subsidence problems. We identified 6 steps, collectively referred to as the
6M approach, that are crucial to tackle subsidence: Measuring,
understanding Mechanisms, Modelling, Money, Measures and Monitoring. This paper
offers guidance for implementing the 6M approach, and the lessons learned
from the real-life examples provide valuable information and inspiration for
decision makers and experts to address subsidence. The focus is on
subsidence in deltaic and coastal areas where subsidence contributes to
relative sea level rise. It is expected that the 6M approach will contribute
to lowering the threshold to act on subsidence. The 6M approach is also used
as a guiding principle for the thematic subdivision of TISOLS, providing
a meaningful linkage between subsidence science and the societal response to
subsidence problems.
Establishment and practice of land subsidence control and management system for deep foundation pit dewatering in Shanghai
Authors: Huang Xinlei , Yang Tianliang , Wu Jianzhong , Lin Jinxin , He Ye
Published: April 2020

Abstract. At present, large-scale engineering construction
activities, especially deep foundation pit dewatering, are important factors
of land subsidence in Shanghai, which induces uneven land subsidence. To
solve this problem, this paper puts forward a technical approach to
prevention and control the land subsidence. Based on the practice of joint
work by multiple administrative departments in Shanghai, this paper further
combines the technology and management measures effectively, and summarizes
the management system of land subsidence control for deep foundation pit
dewatering. Meanwhile, this paper provides the key workflow, starting from
the whole process control of construction project for feasibility
demonstration, design, construction and completion. The practice shows that
the whole process of deep foundation pit dewatering control and management
provides a powerful guarantee for land subsidence prevention and control.
Committee for managing the risk by Faults and Cracks due to subsidence in Aguascalientes State, México
Authors: Pacheco-Martínez Jesús , Hernández-Marín Martín , Zermeño-de-León Mario E. , González-Cervantes Norma , Ortiz-Lozano José A. , Vázquez-Gloria Omar , Roque-Cruz Armando
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal has been
developing in the Aguascalientes Valley since the 1980's.
Even though the affected area is close to 900 km2, and the sinking velocity
is up to 10 cm yr−1 in some zones, the main concern for valley inhabitants
and local government is the occurrence of subsidence-related cracks and
failures, which are developed in the surface terrain and damage buildings
and infrastructure. In order to face this problem, the state government of
Aguascalientes set up in 1994 an interinstitutional committee which is
integrated by four working groups: (1) technical studies, (2) equilibrium of the
aquifer, (3) normativity and cartography, and (4) attention to damaged
infrastructure. Each working group integrates several public and private
agencies whose activities are influenced by the in-progress subsidence
process. Federal, state and municipal water management agencies, as well as
government bureaus of urban planning and public works are included in the
committee. Also, the state university and some professional state
associations such as civil engineers and earth sciences engineers are
actively involved in the committee, along with the National Institute of
Statistics, Geography and Informatics, which is the federal agency addressed
to produce official cartography in Mexico. Some agencies participate not
only in one working group but in those that fall in their interest,
therefore, many agencies are contributing to several working groups
objectives. In this work, we present a summarize of the work developed for
the committee since its creation, and about its evolution and current
organization. It is presented an analysis and discussion of the changes that
the committee has experienced in their objectives and applied methods to
address the evolution of the fissuring problem, and how their results have
helped to prevent and to mitigate the land subsidence effects. Also, the
mechanisms implemented to inform to the general public about the subsidence
process and its effects; besides of the expected challenges that the
committee will enfaces in the near and far future. This work intends to
share the experiences of the committee hoping to be useful to other
government agencies and earth scientists dealing with the land subsidence
problem.
Groundwater Regulation and the Development of Alternative Source Waters to Prevent Subsidence, Houston Region, Texas, USA
Authors: Petersen Christina , Turco Michael J. , Vinson Alia , Turco Joseph A. , Petrov Alan , Evans Mark
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Since the development of the coastal areas near
present-day Houston, Texas, USA, subsidence has been a significant public
policy concern. Subsidence in this area is caused by the extraction of
groundwater from the Coastal Lowlands aquifer system, locally referred to as
the Gulf Coast Aquifer. Concerns associated with subsidence in the
Houston area include coastal inundation from storm surge, inland flooding,
and critical infrastructure damage. The Houston area receives about 126 cm
of precipitation each year, making flooding a critical issue in the region.
The Houston area is the 4th largest city in the United States with a
population of about 6.89 million (2017) and has a total water demand of
about 4 Mm3 per day (2017). In the 1950s the City of Houston began the
development of several reservoirs to provide water for the rapidly growing
city. In 1975, following decades of subsidence totaling over 3 m, the
Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (District) began regulating the use of
groundwater and shifting the primary water supply for the region from
groundwater to treated surface water to cease on-going and prevent future
subsidence. Leveraging the alternative resources developed by the City of
Houston in the 1950s, the District's regulatory framework focuses on spatial
prioritization and the systematic conversion to alternative source waters.
The District's regulatory plan includes three planning areas.
Currently, the regional water authorities and the City of Houston are
developing nearly five billion dollars (USD) in infrastructure to produce
and deliver an additional 1.2 Mm3 per day of treated surface water to
Houston and the surrounding communities. Resource development, public
engagement, and political foresight have resulted in a reasonable approach
to shift source waters and implement a plan to dramatically reduce and stop
subsidence in the region. Figure 2 presents subsidence rates (2017)
by regulatory area. Results show that the implementation of the regulatory
program has substantially slowed subsidence in Areas 1 and 2, where full
conversion has taken place. Planning the future water needs of the Houston
area resulted in a robust and effective collaboration between the regulated
community and the District. Analysis of historical source water use, aquifer
response, and subsidence in the Houston area shows that the reasonable
management of groundwater use in the Houston region is vital for the
long-term prevention of subsidence and increases the resilience of the
entire region.
Monitoring the seasonal changes of an englacial conduit network using repeated ground penetrating radar measurements
Authors: Church Gregory , Grab Melchior , Schmelzbach Cédric , Bauder Andreas , Maurer Hansruedi
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Between 2012 and 2019, repeated 25 MHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were carried out over an active englacial conduit network within the ablation area of the temperate Rhonegletscher, Switzerland. In 2018 and 2019 the repetition survey rate was increased to monitor seasonal variations. The resulting GPR data were processed using an impedance inversion workflow to compute GPR reflection coefficients and layer impedances, which are indicative of the conduit's infill material. The spatial and temporal evolution of the reflection coefficients also provided insights into the morphology of the Rhonegletscher's englacial conduit network. During the summer melt seasons, we observed an active, water-filled, sediment transporting englacial conduit network that yielded large negative GPR reflection coefficients (
A educação no brasil na onda das transformações dos séculos xix e xx: reflexões sobre a modernidade e a modernização
Authors: Rocha Juliano Guerra , Sousa Gabriela Marques de
Published: April 2020

Desde a Independência do Brasil, diferentes iniciativas tentaram instituir um Estado moderno, entretanto um cenário social e político marcado, sobretudo, pelos ideais da colonização, da mistura entre privado e público, do sistema escravocrata e do patriarcalismo fez com que ideias racionais não se difundissem pelas províncias do país. Em 1889, a República foi instalada em meio a crises e disputas, com um governo baseado nos modelos estadunidense e positivista. A partir de então, a ciência e educação foram propagandeadas como elementos para tirar o país do atraso. À luz disso, partindo de uma reflexão sobre as concepções de modernidade e modernização na Europa nos séculos XIX e XX, este trabalho analisa ambas as ideias nas transformações político-educacionais no Brasil, entre o período imperial e republicano. No decorrer do artigo, também é evidenciada a relação histórica entre educação e civilização, para compreensão dos modos como a escola brasileira foi concebida.
Percepção pública sobre a ciência em um evento sobre polularização da ciência em curitiba: paraná
Authors: Shigunov Patrícia , Fontoura Paula Renata , Nagib Wagner , Falavinha Bruna , Kataoka Thaisa  Yumi , Almeida Rodrigo Pedroso Madlener de
Published: April 2020

Como atrair o interesse da população para a Ciência? Quais as possibilidades para o acesso ao conhecimento científico? Estes questionamentos originaram esse trabalho, que investigou a forma com que a população percebe a Ciência e quais são os canais de busca de informações que encontram. Os participantes foram convidados a responder um questionário sobre institutos de pesquisas, importância da ciência, hábito e fontes de informações. Apesar da unanimidade dos entrevistados sobre a importância da ciência, apenas 58% têm o hábito de se informar sobre tema e 80% destes utilizam a internet como fonte. Em relação a melhor forma de fazer divulgação científica: televisão, internet, aulas nas escolas e locais públicos foram as opções mais citadas. A revista científica, frequentemente utilizada pelos cientistas para comunicarem suas descobertas, foi a alternativa menos citada. Contudo, esse trabalho estabelece as fontes de informações sobre ciência mais utilizadas pela população.
Effects of Liming on the Growth and Nutritional Status of Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst)
Authors: Mera Willian Yuki Watanabe de Lima , Viégas Ismael de Jesus Matos , Galvão Jessivaldo Rodrigues , Yakuwa Tiago Kesajiro Moraes , Silva Alasse Oliveira da , Silva Dioclea Almeida Seabra , Okumura Ricardo Shigueru , Azevedo Jorge Cardoso de
Published: April 2020

Crambe cultivation has expanded in Brazil. The species is a promising alternative for biodiesel production since its seed contain great amounts of oil. Nevertheless, only few studies have focused on the growth and nutritional requirements of crambe cultivated in acidic soils. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of liming on the growth and nutrient accumulation of crambe cultivated in a Yellow Latosol of medium texture. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of different soil base saturation levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) with five replications. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and the number of seeds were evaluated 90 days after planting. The plant material was separated into leaves, stem, seeds and roots, which were oven dried at 70 ºC until constant weight. Analysis of variance was performed, followed by data regression when significant at 5% probability level by the F test. Crambe responded positively to liming in the soil under study at a base saturation of 56.95% as a function of the biometric variables. The increase in the base saturation of the soil to up to 60% promoted a drastic reduction in plant growth and, therefore, in the final grain yield. The decreasing order of the leaf nutritional content at 56.95% base saturation was: N>Ca>K>Mg>S>P>Fe>B>Mn>Zn> Cu.
Another Possible Interpretation of the Seven Heads of the Beast and the Eighth King (Revelation 17:9–11)
Authors: Hoskins Paul M.
Published: April 2020

This article attempts to show that one possible solution to the difficulties posed by Rev 17:9–11 is to regard the beast as both the seventh king who will rule for a short time and an eighth king who manifests his rule through his seven heads. Revelation 17:10 presents a five, one, and one scheme that correlates to the past, present, and future of the beast. Only one king, the seventh king, lies in the future and his rule will be “for a short time.” This refers to the rule of the beast, who will come up from the Abyss, rule for “one hour” with the ten kings (17:12), and then go “to destruction” (17:11). The beast is more than just the seventh king; he is also an eighth king, because he is and has always been the power behind the seven kings, his seven heads (17:11). As the second member of the dragon’s unholy trinity, he is greater than merely the sum of his heads.
Corrigendum: Open Social Scholarship Annotated Bibliography
Authors: El Khatib Randa , Seatter Lindsey , El Hajj Tracey , Leibel Conrad , Arbuckle Alyssa , Siemens Ray , Winter Caroline ,  Research Groups The ETCL and INKE
Published: April 2020

Following the publication of our recent article in KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies (https://kula.uvic.ca/articles/10.5334/kula.58/), we wish to bring the following corrigendum to your attention.
Comparing mesophotic and shallow reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, Hawaii: fish size, feeding guild composition, species richness, and endemism
Authors: Boland Raymond C , Hyrenbach K David , DeMartini Edward E , Parrish Frank A , Rooney John J
Published: April 2020

Mesophotic (30–150 m) reef fish assemblages in the 'Au'au Channel, between the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Lanai, were compared visually with neighboring shallow (<30 m depth) reef fish assemblages for differences in structure. Between 2007 and 2011, approximately 7000 mesophotic
and 4000 shallow reef fishes were identified, sized (standard length), and assigned to seven foraging guilds. The shallow water zone had more species than the mesophotic zone (99 vs 80, respectively). Mesophotic planktivores and two herbivore species were significantly larger than their shallow
reef counterparts. Shallow reef fish assemblages had a higher Chao1 estimated species richness for herbivores and corallivores but not the other five foraging guilds. The differences between mesophotic and shallow fish assemblages indicate that both have unique communities of high conservation
importance.
Interdisciplinary Instruction: Between Art and Literature
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Dorot Ruth
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the developments and trends in higher education from a pedagogical perspective (specifically, multidisciplinary curricula) and research perspective (the interdisciplinary approach), and traces them from a last resort option to their recognition as a legitimate development with added value. The paper focuses on a case study that integrates two disciplines, art and literature, based on the poem by the Israeli poet Rachel entitled My Book of Poems and the painting The Scream by Norwegian artist Eduard Munch. The interdisciplinary approach opens up possibilities of enriching, expanding horizons, and breaking boundaries, and can grant graduates of the higher education system a cultural perspective suitable for the current generation of students, who typically use multiple interactive media and platforms, often simultaneously. This paper may shed light on teaching and learning of many diverse fields. The case study illustrates the joy of interdisciplinary learning and its academic benefits, despite the fact that for years, higher education institutions have tended to refer to researchers’ specializations in specific academic disciplines. This case study may serve as a model or source of inspiration for multidisciplinary learning involving motifs and topics that traditionally represent specific disciplines.
Fidelity First in Middle School Reading Programs
Authors: Gonzalez Emir , McCraney Michelle , Panesar-Aguilar Sunddip , Cale Chri
Published: April 2020

Middle school reading scores throughout the state of California have been predominantly less than average in recent years. A school located within this region has struggled to raise reading scores. An unknown problem existed that stemmed from the implementation of the school’s reading program. The purpose of this investigation was to (a) determine the level of fidelity to the reading program, (b) understand the teachers’ perceptions of the reading program, and (c) understand the structure of the reading program. The theory of andragogy guided this qualitative case study. Six teachers from a local school participated in the investigation. The teachers were purposely selected to take part in semi-structured interviews. Two sets of data were gathered for this investigation: (a) results from semi-structured interviews, and (b) publicly available reading data. The data were coded, and emerging themes were outlined. Six themes emerged to understand the overall process of the reading program. The results of the study pointed to the need for a more focused and sustained reading program. Another finding from the investigation was that teachers need year-around training in implementation fidelity. Another finding was that the reading program’s structure can benefit from the 5 constructs that make up implementation fidelity. The implications of this study may affect positive social change by providing teachers with sustained training and support to be effective reading development facilitators. Well-trained teachers have a profound effect on their students and providing teachers a platform to guide these students toward a literate world can make a positive social change in their communities.
Reality of Strategic Planning Practice from the Perspective of Education Faculty Members
Authors: Al Basel Mayada M. , Osman Rania W.
Published: April 2020

The present study aimed to identify the reality of strategic planning practice by the leaders of the Faculty of Education, Damietta University from the perspective of faculty members. Therefore, it adopted the descriptive approach based on a survey of (63) faculty members. It applied a five-domain questionnaire. Results revealed the weak practice of strategic planning from the perspective of the participants. "Future challenges" domain was ranked first and rated "high" with a weighted average of (3.62) and a percentage of (72.38%). "Preparation for strategic planning" domain was ranked second and rated "moderate" with a weighted average of (3.14) and a percentage of (62.74%). The 3rd, 4th, and 5th domains regarding "quadratic strategic analysis, implementation of the strategic plan, and evaluation and strategic oversight" were ranked low. Their weighted averages were rated (2.28-2.50) with a percentage of (49.91%-64.24%).