bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation and Sustenance of Natural Resources; Creating Awareness through Social Media amongst Rural Population in Greater Noida
Authors: Girdhar Divya , Srivastava Sonali
Published: February 2023

Earth is the only planet that supports life with abundant natural resources. However, industrial explosion in the past few decades have led to depletion of many natural resources. The dependency of life is majorly supported by fresh water, which is the most important natural resource. In today's world of fast depleting resources, there is a need to discover methods and awareness programmes to support conservation and sustenance of natural resources. This study emphasizes on awareness amongst rural population that accounts to 136.64 crores as per the census survey of 2019; rural population is 68.84% which is not a negligible number. Owing to the size of the rural population, it is imperative to create awareness about the environmental aspects and remedies so they can learn and further it as a legacy to coming generations. Social media plays a very vital role in everyday life and can be used as an important tool to spread awareness with great efficiency. This research aims to find out the level of awareness regarding “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” among rural people through social media. In this study, researcher will explore the dependency of social media, attain knowledge, and resolve issues. This study will emphasize on the water cleanliness issue highlighting prominent campaign of “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” through social medium tools (WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, MoJo, MaxTakatak, and YouTube) to get comprehensive results. In this study, four villages will be covered, and one hundred rural people will be the target audience. Finally, researcher concludes that social medium tools can create effective role in awareness of environmental issues that can encourage rural people to understand critical environment situations and strategically handle with care for the safe environment. As a result, better awareness programmes can be developed for the rural population through social media.
Microstructural Characteristics of ECR Plasma Etched and Heat Treated Commercial Copper Foil
Authors: Karmakar Samit , Kundu Soumik Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Sujit Kumar , Taki Gouranga Sundar
Published: February 2023

The structural quality of the catalytic transition metal substrate plays a critical role in pristine graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition. In this work, the microstructural parameters of commercial copper foils are investigated in lieu of conventional laboratory grade crystalline copper foils. Initially, the commercial copper foils are simultaneously plasma etched and heat treated for a period of 30, 45 min, and 1 h respectively at two elevated temperature levels of 823 and 923 K under the exposure of hydrogen plasma. The experiments are carried out in a 2.45 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE‐CVD) reactor, at an operating pressure of 5 × 10−2 mbar. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results are plotted and analyzed by Williamson–Hall (W–H) method to determine microstructural parameters, e.g., micro‐strain, stress, average domain size, and energy density associated to the processed copper foils.
Crystallinity Study of Cu Thin Film Deposited by Indigenously Developed DC Magnetron Sputtering Setup
Authors: Kundu Soumik Kumar , Karmakar Samit , Taki Gouranga Sundar
Published: February 2023

The copper thin films have a huge application in the field of material science research and they also act as a catalytic substrate which helps to deposit various carbon‐based polymers that can be used for sensors. There are several thin film development techniques available in the industries out of which magnetron sputtering technique shows some remarkable properties essential for depositing metal thin film efficiently. The main objective of this work is to develop copper thin films utilizing an indigenously designed and developed DC magnetron sputtering system. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the developed thin films display prominent peaks of copper (111) plane along with cuprous oxide (110), (111), and (220), respectively. This work also aims to study in detail the crystallinity of the deposited copper thin films by analyzing the XRD results for optimization.
Arduino Based Multisensor Smart Monitoring Device for Electrical Appliances
Authors: Rani Sonia , Sahni Mohit , Chauhan Lalit , Mehra Ram Mohan , Chauhan Sunil , Gupta Pankaj , Gupta Piyush Kumar
Published: February 2023

The project is an internet of things (IOT) based system that is devised to save power consumption. According to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) a report of Indian residential consumption, considering two lights and two fans, ON for 12 hours per day in the household approximately usage of electricity is 72 unit (kWh) per month. It is believed that from this project at least 20% of electricity can be saved per day which can be supplied to other households. The project is designed and interfaced with some components such as infrared (IR) sensors, motors, etc. with an Arduino microcontroller that controls the room lights and fans as well as counts the number of persons inside the room very accurately. The system can automatically switch ON room lights and fans when at least one person enters the room. If the person leaves the room, the lights and fans automatically get switched OFF. Thus, it can be used to prevent unwanted electric power wastage in schools/colleges/offices/ malls/houses and is a promising project for the conservation of energy which is quite helpful for the environment.
Building Automation Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Agumadu Chidozie , Lata Suma , Jaiswal Shiva Pujan
Published: February 2023

The use of wireless senor networks in building automation is gaining popularity so as to improve the safety, security, and energy efficiency of the buildings. The automation solution will differ as per the type of building. In this paper, authors have proposed three wireless sensor network (WSN) based automation solutions for buildings of different sizes. First strategy has been proposed for a small building using a single network. Second one is for a large building complex using multiple networks and third strategy is for building automation solution for local individual control. For building automation both monitoring and control of the parameters of interest are required. Authors have implemented first strategy in a small room of 501.9 m length and 410.9 m breadth. The humidity temperature and pressure (HTP) and TL sensor nodes of Eigen Technologies Ltd. have been used in this research work. HTP sensor node has been used for monitoring of humidity, temperature, and pressure. However, for the monitoring of luminosity TL sensor node has been chosen. Four sensor nodes of each type have been placed at appropriate locations in the selected room. Finally, a general control strategy for the temperature control has been proposed for the control of the building automation of a small building.
Characterization of Lignin Peroxidase from Cryptococcus neoformans for Bioremediation of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Srivastava Nupoor , Sharma Vivek
Published: February 2023

Eight fungal strains (F1–F8) isolate from the sediment core and degraded wood of the Pulp and Paper Mill effluent and Phanerochaete chrysosporium are tested for different cellulolytic (CMcase, FPase, Xylanases) and lignolytic (lignin peroxidase) enzyme activity in pulp. F‐3 (Cryptococcus neoformans) strain shows higher enzyme activity compare to other fungi isolated from effluent. Weight loss, cellulose loss, and organic carbon contents are found maximum in F‐3 (C. neoformans) strain. Reducing sugar, protein content, and color removing potential are also higher in C. neoformans. The culture extract of F‐3 strain grows in presence of pulp fractionated into five protein fractions has indicated two fractions of molecular weight, 38,000 and 40,000 Da, having lignin peroxidase activity. Lignin peroxidase has optimum activity at pH 2–3 and temperature 20–30 °C, maximum activity at 6–48 mM veratryl alcohol concentration and 256 mM H2O2, however, sodium azide inhibits the enzyme activity. Different metals (CoCl2, HgSO4, CaCl2, SnCl2, FeSO4, CuSO4, and ZnSO4) also affect the lignin peroxidase activity. Characterization study is performed for significant analysis.
Nano‐Biofortification of Zinc in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Crops
Authors: Singh Amardeep , Shukla Gyanika , Gaurav Shailendra Singh , Rani Poonam
Published: February 2023

The present study is carried out to establish the biofortification of zinc in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants through the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The mycogenic ZnONPs are synthesized by using Aspergillus flavus biomass and characterized to ascertain the size, shape, and concentration of synthesized nanoparticles. The ZnONPs are applied by foliar spray to the field‐grown potato and tomato crops and the biofortification level is recorded by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). A nanotoxicity assessment is done by comparing the amount of cell death and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in control and ZnONPs treated plants. The AAS analysis reveals significant accumulation of the zinc in leaves of potato plants but insignificant accumulation is observed in the tubers. However, a significant accumulation of zinc is observed in the leaves and fruits of the tomato plants (p ≤ 0.05). The nanotoxicity evaluation studies show comparable and statistically insignificant toxicity in control plants as compared to plants treated with ZnONPs. The study concludes that biofortification through the means of ZnONPs is a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly approach that can be used as an alternative to the hazardous chemical zinc fertilizers.
Structural and Optical Properties of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Nano‐Powder
Authors: Yadav Satish Kumar , Vishwakarma Ankit Kumar , Yadava Lallan
Published: February 2023

The field of nanomaterials has been extensively identified as one of the most promising and rapidly emerging research areas. In this paper, the structural and optical properties of cadmium sulfide (CdS) powder samples are studied. Undoped CdS powder samples are prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectra. The structural properties are analyzed using X‐ray diffractometry. The estimated crystallite size of the sample is 28.2 nm calculated from the FWHM of the most intense peak (1 0 1). The optical properties are studied by the ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum. It is evident from UV‐visible absorption spectra that the optical band‐gap of the CdS sample is 2.27 eV which is estimated using the Tauc formula.
Power Quality Enhancement Using Passive Power Filters
Authors: Varshney Gunjan , Mittal Udit , Pawar Abhilasha
Published: February 2023

Harmonics in Power system are dangerous in electrical distribution power systems. Harmonics in the line current promotes instability, losses and also the voltage distortion. Due to properties of power electronics converters, power lines have become highly polluted. The problems of bad power quality are due to higher switching frequencies and the non‐linearity properties of power electronic devices. So, to compensate these problems priority is being given to the development of Power Filters. Both types of filters, i.e., passive and active are often used for harmonics producing load to avoid distortions. Shunt type filters influences the harmonic reduction at medium or high voltage level, whereas active filters have been declared for low or medium voltage ratings. Along distinct applications consisting the reactive power and harmonics compensation, passive filters are found to be suitable. Passive filters have been adopted for harmonic compensation in distribution systems due to low cost, integrity, reliability, and controls less operation. Therefore, to mitigate these harmonics, different topologies of passive filters are designed and their different combined performances in MATLAB/Simulink are evaluated. The filter can compensate harmonic currents, reactive power, and power factor. The simulation results presented in this research show that the proposed approach can provide good dynamic and steady‐state performance.
Fabricating Plant Extract Mediated Silver Doped Bismuth Oxybromide (BiOBr‐G‐Ag) Photocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Garg Seema , Chawla Harshita , Banerjee Shalini
Published: February 2023

Herein the fabrication of bismuth oxybromide‐silver doped photocatalyst using green route replacing toxic chemicals at 80 °C, further characterizing and studying of potential applications of fabricated nanoparticles is reported. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degradation studies of methyl orange are studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy are performed to characterize the different nanoparticles that are synthesized. The properties of as‐fabricated catalysts are assessed using above characterization techniques reflect clover leaf like structure with higher surface area. The many‐fold increase in degradation activity of methyl orange is attributed to increase in OH groups due to phytochemicals present in plant extract of neem.
Modified Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Based Polymer Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)
Authors: Sangwan Bharti , Kumar Sushant , Singh Abhimanyu , Pandey S. P. , Singh Pramod K. , Singh Ram Chandra , Tomar Richa
Published: February 2023

Due to increasing energy demand day by day, it must be necessary to have an alternate source of energy beside natural resources. Sun is the ultimate source of solar energy. So, from this solar energy, various types of solar cells are fabricated easily which are available in markets but these are somewhat costly. So, there is requirement of a low‐cost alternative to costly crystalline solar cells, which is fulfilled by dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Due to many potential properties like good ionic conductivity, thin film forming ability and many more, polymer electrolyte plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of DSSC which cannot be obtained by using volatile liquid electrolytes which are used earlier. The reliance of DSSCs on liquid electrolytes imposes a limit and restriction on the manufacture of DSSC modules. Liquid electrolyte faces many problems like corrosion, leakage, and evaporation. When the photoanode comes into touch with the volatilized redox‐electrolytes solution, the charge distribution at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface changes, resulting in photo corrosion on the photoelectrode. Furthermore, electron recombination at semiconductor–liquid electrolytes interfaces is discovered to cause performance losses. The concept of ionic conductivity observed in polymer materials when complexed with salt is a significant step forward in the development of DSSC devices.

In this review, the fabrication of DSSC using polymer electrolyte, specifically PVA based solid polymer electrolyte is discussed. Here solid polymer electrolytes are of special interest due to thin film forming ability and overall good performance. Due to inherent properties like cost‐effectiveness, better tensile strength, and high hydrophilicity, PVA is chosen as a novel applicant for host polymer. The recent advancement of DSSC using modified PVA polymer electrolyte by incorporation of nanosized fillers, plasticizers, polymer blend, by the formation of conducting polymer electrolyte are discussed in detail. The improvement in ionic conductivity and enhanced efficiency of DSSC by using above mentioned factors are also discussed.
Effect of Carrier Gas on Spray Pyrolysis Deposited SnO2 Thin Films
Authors: Katariya Nitu , Singh Bhavana , Saxena Amit , Ganesan Vedachalaiyer
Published: February 2023

Nanostructured SnO2 thin films are synthesized by the chemical Spray pyrolysis method in presence of air and nitrogen as carrier gas. The study has emphasized on the impact of carrier gas on the underlying, electrical, and optical properties of the deposited thin films. XRD studies uncover that there is no variation in the crystalline structure of the film. The SnO2 thin films prepared using nitrogen as carrier gas is found more conductive as compared to the film prepared using air as a carrier gas. The change in conductivity is due to the increased oxygen deficiency in the nitrogen atmosphere. The HBM and EMA models are used to calculate particle radius by optical absorption data, showing the particle diameter is low for nitrogen as compared to air as carrier gas. The activation energy is also found to decrease in presence of nitrogen as carrier gas. This may be due to shallow donor and deep acceptor levels of semiconductors. The decrease in particle size increases the number of surface atoms, responsible for a decrease in activation energy of films.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Diclofenac (DCF) Derivatives
Authors: Tomar Divya Rana , Mehrotra Kushal , Bhattacharya Bhaskar , Saxena Amit , Jayakumar Venkatesan
Published: February 2023

Over the years, scientific community has shown immense interest in the synthesis of novel, bioactive molecules with few adverse effects. Instead of painstaking multistep synthesis with hazardous synthetic reagents, also for clinical studies, it is better to enhance the activity and tuning by structural modification of the commercial drugs based on their structural and biological properties. It is demonstrated that diclofenac (DCF) be an effective analgesic and anti‐pyretic in the treatment of cancer‐related pain, but it has limitations and adverse effects as gastrointestinal irritation, small intestine damage, nausea, platelet dysfunction, and vertigo. Wherefore the main objective of the current research is to investigate new, novel, green methods of preparation of DCF derivatives, and structural characterization with the help of FT‐IR, UV‐Visible spectroscopy, MS spectrometry techniques.
Traffic‐Related Air Pollution and Associated Human Health Risk
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Suman , Pandey Shri Prakash
Published: February 2023

Air pollution is a big danger to medium and low‐income countries like India. It is one of the most serious pollution issues and the main source of adverse health consequences in humans. It is discovered that it is responsible for nearly 4.2 million premature deaths each year due to particulate matter (PM) pollution, which causes cardiovascular, infectious, and carcinogenic diseases. According to various epidemiological analyses, NO2, i.e., nitrogen dioxide and RSPM, i.e., respirable suspended particulate matter have a comparatively higher association with respiratory problems and a modest correlation with cough and asthma, indicating that NO2 and RSPM are of significant concern. The key cause of air pollution is an exponential increase of licensed cars, which causes traffic congestion, the proliferation of older vehicles, inadequate inspection and repair, the absence of public transit and carpooling, poor fuel quality, insufficient traffic enforcement, poor road conditions, a lack of public knowledge, and the inefficiency of pollution control boards. In 2020, based on the recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission, the Government of India has set aside about $1.7 billion to fight air pollution over the next 5 years for the 42 Indian cities that have million‐plus populations—provided they reduce their air pollution levels by 15% every year.
One‐Dimensionl Inversion of Magnetotelluric Field Data by SIS and Occam's Inversion Technique: A Case Study from the Indian Himalaya
Authors: Tyagi Deepak. Kumar , Sharma A. K. , Sehrawat Rajeev , Mittal Rashmi , Pandey S. P.
Published: February 2023

Electromagnetic method is one of the most effective geophysical methods in earth crust and mantle structure studies. Magnetotelluric (MT) data are used to obtain resistivity image of earth's surface on the depth scale of few hundred of meters to several tens of km. One‐dimensional (1D) MT inversion is carried out to estimate electrical resistivity variation of earth's surface with depth. In the present research paper one‐dimensional inversion of MT sounding curves is carried out on nine sites in foothill of Himalaya near Roorkee to Hardwar region. A non‐iterative and minimum norm estimator based algorithm Straight forward Inversion Scheme (SIS) is used to obtain continuous smoothest resistivity depth model. Another iterative and minimum norm estimator based algorithm Occam's inversion scheme is also used to obtain smoothest one‐dimensional inversion model. The data is inverted for both TE‐ and TM‐mode of polarization. The inverted data shows one‐dimensional behavior of subsurface resistivity up to depth about 0–15 km with resistivity variation ≈10–100 ohm‐m in both modes of polarization and after that the subsurface structure is two‐dimensional in both modes. 1D inversion of data provides a good starting model to reduce the computational cost of two‐dimensional inversion.
Electrochemical Behavior of Emeraldine Salt Polymer Coated LixFePO4 Cathode Materials with Excess Lithium Doping
Authors: Sehrawat Rajeev , Mittal Rashmi , Tyagi D. K. , Sharma A. K. , Pandey S. P.
Published: February 2023

The LixFePO4 cathode material with x = 1.00, 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, and 1.20 has been synthesized by chemical precipitation method. The particles of LixFePO4 material are further in‐situ coated with emeraldine salt (ES) polymer. These ES coated LixFePO4 (LixFePO4‐ES) particles have been characterized by XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, and DTA/TG analyses. The XRD analysis of LixFePO4 indicates the formation of pure single phase of LiFePO4 (for x = 1.00, 1.05, and 1.10). Excess of lithium have no influence on the crystal structure of LixFePO4 upto x = 1.10 and no other phase containing Li+ is formed. The material LixFePO4 (for x = 1.15) shows low intensity peaks corresponding to Li3PO4 phase at 2θ = 22.31° and 23.19°. The peaks are found significant for the composite material for x = 1.20. The micrograph of composite powder LixFePO4‐ES shows good coverage of LixFePO4 particle by PANI. The materials LixFePO4 and LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.00–1.20) are tested for discharge capacity and electrochemical impedance measurements for cathode materials. The electrochemical impedance spectra of LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.00 to 1.20) show low charge transfer resistance (Rct), as compared to LixFePO4 indicating polyaniline incorporation have offered good conductivity. The highest discharge capacity of 131 mAh g–1 is obtained at the current rate of 2C for LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.10) cathode. The impurity phase that appears in the XRD pattern reduces the discharge capacity of LixFePO4‐ES (x = 1.15 and 1.20).
Microstructural Features of Spray‐Deposited Cold Rolled Al Alloy
Authors: Mittal Rashmi , Sehrawat Rajeev , Reddy Bandi Venkata Ramana , Tyagi Deepak , Sharma Anil
Published: February 2023

In the present work, the microstructural studies of spray deposited Al‐6Si alloys with different lead content are conducted for 0% and 40% of rolling deformation. SEM and Optical micrographs are taken for different percentage of lead content. Fine equiaxed grain morphology is observed with a uniform distribution of Pb and Si phase in an Al‐matrix and it is found from the microstructures that the size of Pb particles increased with the increase in Pb content. Grains are stretched out in the rolling direction after cold rolling. Pore size is found to decrease after 40% rolling reduction, however, it is increased with the increase in Pb content.
Analysis of Cancer Model Using Delayed Modeling
Authors: Mishra Alpna , Alam Khursheed
Published: February 2023

Cancer is turning into the leading cause of death across the planet but with all of the details on how to expand complementary treatment strategies, it is continued to be a mystery. Mathematical models provide realistic representations and sizes of complex biological systems, as well as the clarification of organisms by their effects can provide insight into the shape predictions of the plant under different conditions. Also tumorigenesis can be understandable by the use of biomaterials and biomaterials have also ability to identify and capture tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. As to recapitulate key features of the tumor microenvironment in vitro, including architectural, mechanical, and biological functions, natural and synthetic biomaterials can be applied as models. In this work, a mathematical model is developed by using the delay differential equation methodology in which the discussion has been made on stability analysis with time delay.
Fiber Reinforced Biopolymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Singh Pavan Kumar , Pandey Prakash
Published: February 2023

Even though the use of petroleum products is quite prevalent but their non‐biodegradability is a great cause of concern. In recent decades, stupendous research in the field of bio‐degradable material has been carried out from which biodegradable polymers or biopolymers are come out as a popular substitute for petroleum‐based plastics. However, these biopolymers possess average mechanical properties, so they need to be reinforced with some stuff that is bio‐degradable such that their addition maintains their bio‐degradability and enhances the mechanical properties. Even though the reinforcement of natural fiber improves the physical and mechanical properties however various modifications in the fiber it needs to be done to improve the fiber–matrix bonding so as to increase its competence against non‐biodegradable products such as petrochemical‐based polymer composite. Also, it has been reported that various type of fiber has been reinforced simultaneously in a single matrix to produce a superior hybrid bio‐degradable composite. The various studies have been focused on the characterization and processing of bio‐based materials, as well as their synergistic application and future potential as biopolymer composites in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Wave Propagation Properties of a One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Double Negative Metamaterial
Authors: Pandey Alok Kumar , Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Kumar Narendra , Suthar Bhuvneshwer , Pandey J. P.
Published: February 2023

In this simulation work, the wave vector and reflectance properties of a 1DPC made of dielectric/metamaterial multilayer structure employing TMM, for TE and TM modes are studied. For TE mode, it is observed that the obtained wide bandgap increases with increase in the angle of incidence, whereas the narrow bandgap also shows a minor increase with increase in the incident angle. It is noted that bandgap increases with increase in the incident angle in TE mode, while bears opposite behavior in TM mode and decreases with increase in the incident angle. If the DPS thickness is increased, the number of bands increases in both TE and TM modes, while the wide bandgaps for TE and TM decreases in width. In both cases of the increased DPS width, it is found that the narrow bandgap obtained in TM mode is showing enhancement with an increase in incident angle, and exhibits ultra‐tunable behavior. Some other researchers have reported earlier that a complementary split‐ring resonator based metamaterial  with effective medium ratio has influence on the extraction of effective permittivity, permeability, and refractive index, where DNG regions exist in the ranges 6.34–7.39  and 8.20–9.98  GHz. Comparing with the proposed DNG, the study finds that the aforesaid values correspond to frequency regime taken in our case, 1–10 GHz, particularly the middle of the range 1–10 GHz, where broadband is obtained, which is satisfactory. The insights included in the article can be employed in designing microwave broadband reflectors, tunable mirrors, and can be proved to be useful in photovoltaic cells. Such PC can also be employed in designing super lenses as well as optical cloaking, and the miniaturization of antennas.
Cloud Computing Security: Machine and Deep Learning Models Analysis
Authors: Mishra Janmaya Kumar , Janarthanan Midhunchakkaravarthy
Published: February 2023

Cloud computing (CC) is on‐demand deliverable services over computer network for data processing and storage. CC has emerged with multiple datacenters available all over the world and providing services with a pay‐as‐you‐go criteria. Even though the cloud system has numerous advantages still it faces one of the major challenges like vulnerability to security attacks. There are multiple types of attacks categorized to break the security like Man‐in‐the‐middle, Malware injection, and Denial‐of‐service (DOS), etc. In case of deep learning (DL), the network called as convolutional neural network (CNN) is a class of deep neural networks (DNN). It is generally used to explore visual imagery. CNN are computationally comprehensive for a commercial computer. In this paper, the focus is to highlight various security attacks in the cloud with machine and deep learning methods for the detection of attacks. Also review different Machine Learning (ML) methods to overcome the cloud security challenges.
Transmittance Properties of Metamaterial and Dielectric Based One‐Dimensional Ternary Periodic Structure
Authors: Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Kumar Narendra , Singh Pawan , Thapa Khem B.
Published: February 2023

In this simulation work, the optical transmission through a 1DTPS considering Si, metamaterial, and SiO2 with different thicknesses for Gigahertz device applications is studied. This discusses tunable band characteristics of the ternary periodic structure with variations in metamaterial thicknesses and incident angle, for TE as well as TM mode, and shows an omni‐directional application. It is noted that the transmission decreases in TE mode with increases in the metamaterial thickness, whereas increases in TM mode. Also, the transmittance in TE mode decreases on increasing the angle of incidence, whereas that increases for TM mode. Hence, it can be mentioned that the structure is a good transmitter of TM waves. The two PBGs increase with increase in the incident angle, for the TE mode; while in TM mode, the first PBG behaves in reverse manner and becomes narrow. For both cases of s and p waves, the PBGs exhibit blue shift with increase in the incident angle. It is to mention that a widen PBG region in the range 6–10 GHz in the first band is common in TE and TM modes at all incident angles, and hence the TPS shows the features of omni‐directional reflector. Such kinds of PCs enable better ideas in designing tunable microwave devices as well as ODR based devices like solar cells.
Preparation and Characterization of ZnO – ZnFe2O4 Nanocomposites
Authors: Kiran Surasi , Saibaba Konagolla , Ramesh Thotakura , Ashok Kollu , Polu Anji Reddy
Published: February 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) powders are synthesized using a sol‐gel combustion method. The synthesized powders' crystal structure and microstructure are studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTIR), and a field effective scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD studies confirm the presence of nanocrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO and spinel phases for ZnFe2O4. The average crystallite size of the powders measured from XRD patterns is 16 nm for ZnO and 10 nm for ZnFe2O4, respectively. The composite samples of (x) ZnO + (1‐x) ZnFe2O4 (where 0 ≤ x≤ 1) are prepared by high energy ball milling and sintered at 900°C in a microwave furnace. The prepared composite samples are characterized using X‐ray diffraction, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The grain size of all composite samples ranges from 74 to 132 nm. The room temperature complex permittivity (ɛ' & ε″″) of composite samples is measured in the frequency range of 1 MHz–1.8 GHz.
Exploring the Supply Chain Challenges in the Area of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Shyam Hari Shankar , Shuaib Ibrahim , Pandey Shri Prakash
Published: February 2023

Electric vehicles are the ride of the future and efficiency in energy storage of lithium‐ion batteries turns out to be a fresh challenge when it comes to the supply chain. Unlike liquid fuel, lithium‐ion batteries are more critical when it comes to distribution into the market due to their availability in the market. Lithium storage around the world is quite limited and a solution toward its extraction, storage, and transportation is still a challenge. Several molecular science studies on lithium‐ion batteries have shown that the efficiency of lithium‐ion batteries during storage and transformation is impacted due to their cell design and structuring under physicochemical characteristics. Another problem that arises with the growth in demand for lithium‐ion batteries is its waste management and recycling procedure and how to harness the most out of the process. This paper tends to give an overview of how the supply chain for EV Lithium‐Ion batteries can be improved based on a few diagnostic and various experiment‐based studies. In this study, exploratory research based on qualitative data is conducted to better understand the various causes that impact the supply chain management of lithium‐ion batteries used in electric vehicles. This paper looks forward to better understanding the causes that act as a supply chain failure in terms of the availability, storage, and transportation of lithium‐ion batteries.
Green Synthesis of Copper‐oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Its Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Tsegaye Meron Moges , Chouhan Garima , Kumar Manish , Pandey S.P. , Fentie Molla , Yadav Priya
Published: February 2023

An eco‐friendly green route for synthesis copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) by Prunella vulgaris flower aqueous extract is reported. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles are characterized in terms crystalline nature, morphology, structural, and antibacterial activity with UV‐vis, SEM, DLS, FTIR analysis tools. The synthesized CuONPs are well crystalline in nature with particle shape spherical and average particle size in the range 41–76 nm. The antimicrobial activity of CuONPs, determined by disk diffusion method against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, demonstrates a significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus followed by K. pneumoniae. In view of the promising activity, CuONPs can be used as an antibacterial agent. The possible mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CuONPs should be further investigated.
Bias Current Modulation of DC and RF Properties of AlmGa1‐m∼GaN Heterojunction IMPATT at Sub‐Millimeter Wave Frequency
Authors: Banerjee Suranjana
Published: February 2023

Large signal RF properties of double drift region (DDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) device based on AlmGa1‐m∼GaN heterojunction (HT) are investigated and their variation with bias currents has been presented here. These RF properties and their modulation will significantly validate the acceptability of the particular HT in the sub‐millimeter wave frequency domain. Avalanche noise plays the prime ground for making the IMPATT diode basically noisy and tunneling decays the performance of the device, as we move towards the higher frequency range like the sub‐millimeter frequency. These setbacks can be done with if the homojunction (HM) is replaced by heterojunction. This authenticates the choice of heterojunction over homojunction. Here, the author takes 500 GHz as the frequency of concern in the sub‐millimeter wave range. Here, two complementary heterojunctions of AlmGa1‐m∼GaN is taken with m = 0.4 or the mole fraction of Al in the alloy being 40% and their RF results are compared with two homojunctions of GaN and AlGaN for double drift region (DDR) IMPATT diode. Outcomes indicate that HT diodes surpass the high‐frequency performance of HM diodes if compared on the basis of dc to RF conversion efficiency and output power due to the influence of large amplitude ac signal. It is also observed that with increasing bias voltage dependent current, which is varied from 20 × 108to 40 × 108Am−2, the efficiency of conversion together with the power output increases. These results will be very important for further research in this domain.
Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties of Y2GdFe5O12 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Ramesh Thotakura , Reddy M. Chandra Shekhar , Sravanthi Basireddy , polu Anjireddy , Rao P. Nageswar
Published: February 2023

In this study, the structural and magnetodielectric properties of gadolinium (Gd3+) substituted yttrium iron garnet (Y2GdFe5O12) are investigated. The hydrothermal synthesis method is used to prepare the powders. The prepared powders are sintered at three different temperatures. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) are used to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the sintered samples. The dielectric properties are measured over a frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz. A vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to determine the magnetic parameters of the samples and it is observed that the magnetic properties of the samples depend on the sintering temperature. The thermal change in magnetization parameter and the transition temperature of the samples are measured using the pulse magnetometer by applying 5kOe magnetic field. The collected results are analyzed and discussed using various theories.
Assessment Performance of Flexible Pavements for Surface Deflection Measure by Benkelman Beam Method
Authors: Jain Rohit , Alheety Mustafa A. , Rahul  , Sharma Jyoti , Saxena Anil Kumar
Published: February 2023

The condition of roads assumes significant part since it straightforwardly influence traveler just as cargo traffic. The decayed street having undesired diversion or deficient harshness makes inconvenience rider and may even bring about road mishaps. This insufficiency in road attributes can be classifications as both useful and underlying. The evaluation of street conditions is needed to distinguish the explanations behind disintegration before any restoration work is completed. The fundamental boundaries including in the appraisal of street conditions are avoidance and unpleasantness estimation which decided utilizing different test, for example, FWD, Benkelman shaft test, profilometer, and slide obstruction test. This appraisal additionally helps in focusing on the upkeep works as indicated by the necessity. A few procedures are utilized to evaluate the road conditions and contrast and standard standards. In this concentrate on a stretch of road is break down for similar where techniques utilized are visual strategy, Benkelman beam test, and slide opposition test. Utilizing last two methods, surface diversion and skid resistance is surveyed, and restorative measure are recommended for the road stretch.
Optoelectronic Study of Polymer Electrolyte Incorporated Perovskite Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Johari Rahul , Sonker Rakesh K. , Victor Okai , Khan Zishan H. , Aggarwal Daksh , Gupta Sandhya , Kumar Sushant
Published: February 2023

Perovskite solar cells have appeared as a leading next‐generation photovoltaic technology. However, notwithstanding rolling efficiencies, many questions remain unreciprocated regarding the mechanisms and performance of the operation. Solution‐processed organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have fascinated attention as light‐harvesting materials for perovskite solar cells and photonic applications. The present study focuses on the optical and electronic study of CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3CH2NH3PbI3 perovskite fabricated by a one‐step solution‐based self‐assemblage method. It is seen that in this study, methyl group represents a better performance than ethyl‐based perovskite‐sensitized solar cells (PSSCs). All the studies centralize on electro‐optical properties of efficient CH3CH2NH3PbI3 and CH3CH2NH3PbI3 PSSC based on polymer electrolytes. It has also characterized lab synthesized perovskite samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectrophotometer, and photovoltaic performance of lab fabricated PSSC is measured by Keithley 2400 resource meter. These findings establish systematic strategy rules to attain silicon‐like efficiencies in simple perovskite solar cells.
Transfer of miR‐4755‐5p through extracellular vesicles and particles induces decitabine resistance in recipient cells by targeting CDKN2B
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Yi , Liu Rui , Feng Jingjing , Tang Juan , Gou Junjie , Guan Feng , Li Xiang
Published: February 2023

Decitabine (5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine, DAC), a DNA‐hypomethylating agent, has been one of the frontline therapies for clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, but DAC‐resistance often occurs and leads to treatment failure. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of DAC resistance is important for improving its therapeutic efficacy. The extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) have been reported to be involved in mediating drug resistance by transporting diverse bioactive components. In this study, we established the DAC‐resistant cell line (KG1a‐DAC) from its parental human leukemia‐derived cell line KG1a and observed that EVPs released from KG1a‐DAC can promote DAC‐resistant in KG1a cells. Moreover, treatment with KG1a‐DAC EVPs reduced the expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (CDKN2B) in KG1a cells. miRNA‐Seq analysis revealed that miR‐4755‐5p is overexpressed in EVPs from KG1a‐DAC. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that miR‐4755‐5p rendered KG1a cells resistant to the DAC by targeting CDKN2B gene. Taken together, miR‐4755‐5p in EVPs released from the DAC‐resistant cells plays an essential role in inducing DAC‐resistance, and is a potential therapeutic target for suppression of DAC resistance.
On the vanishing elastic limit of compressible liquid crystal material flow
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Shang Zhaoyang , Sun Mei
Published: February 2023

The initial‐boundary value problem (IBVP) for one‐dimensional hydrodynamics equations of compressible nematic liquid crystal material is investigated in this research. With large initial data and vacuum,
‐independent global strong solution is established. Furthermore, for the elastic limit parameter
, the vanishing elastic limit is justified by convergence rates in
. The obtain results are based on full use of effective viscous flux, the structure of the equations, and the material derivative.
Seismic passive earth pressure resistance for caisson in layered soil using modified pseudo‐dynamic approach
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Chatterjee Kaustav
Published: February 2023

The determination of seismic passive earth pressure resistance is of utmost importance during the analysis of geotechnical structures. In the present study, seismic passive earth pressure coefficient for caisson embedded in n‐layered soil is computed using modified pseudo‐dynamic method. Limit equilibrium method of analysis considering poly‐planar failure wedge has been adopted in the study and parametric variation of geometry of failure wedge has also been studied. The current study proposes formulation for variation of horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration profile with depth through various layers and studies the effect of number of layers, relative depths of various layers and relative soil friction angle in those layers, soil‐wall friction angle, horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients and normalized width of caisson. The study has been extended for submerged soil and the effect of excess pore pressure has been investigated. The results of the present study have been compared with previous theoretical studies and found to be in good agreement. It is observed that the extent of failure wedge formed in front of caisson increases with increasing soil friction angle, soil‐wall friction angle, horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient and width of caisson.
The role of the bladder diary in phenotyping men with LUTS
Authors: Khosla Lakshay , Lee Philip , Farooq Muhammad , Rychik Kevin , Daniel Roby , Vizgan Gabriel , Prishtina Learta , Bushman Wade , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Blaivas Jerry G.
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) grouped by 24‐h urine output determined from a bladder voiding diary.

Methods

An online database was queried to identify men who completed a 24‐hour bladder diary (24HBD), and the Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (LUTSS) questionnaire from 2015 to 2019 using a mobile app. Data from the bladder diary and questionnaire were contemporaneously matched within a 2‐week period. Additional data, including maximum uroflow (Qmax) and postvoid residual urine (PVR), were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR). The cohort was divided into three groups: normal, oliguria, and polyuria based on their 24‐hour voided volume (24HVV). The LUTSS, 24HVV, maximum voided volume (MVV), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and PVR were compared between those with oliguria and polyuria.

Results

A total of 327 men (mean age 62, SD: 19) completed the LUTSS questionnaire and contemporaneous 24HBD. Of these, 61% had a normal 24HVV, 13% had oliguria, and 26% had polyuria. A total of 147 patients from the study cohort had contemporaneous Qmax and PVR abstracted from the EMR. There was no difference in symptom severity, bother, or PVR among the three patient groups. However, several objective metrics were significantly correlated with urine output. Men with oliguria, as compared to men with polyuria were older (65 vs. 55 years) and had lower MVV (260 vs. 470 mL), fewer voids/24 h (8 vs. 13), and lower Qmax (8.5 vs. 18.3 mL/s).

Conclusions

These observations suggest that men with oliguria or polyuria and LUTS constitute easily distinguished phenotypes that might require different diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. Those with oliguria were older, and had lower MVVs and much lower uroflows, suggesting that they are more likely to have underlying disorders such as bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor underactivity or may be patients with overactive bladder who reduced fluid intake to improve symptoms.
Checklist to assess food safety when handling home enteral nutrition
Authors: da Costa Rayane Luizi , Medeiros Caroline Opolski , da Cunha Diogo Thimoteo , Stangarlin‐Fiori Lize
Published: February 2023

Background

Identifying food safety risks when handling enteral formulations at home is important to restore and maintain the health of patients. Therefore, this study developed and validated a food safety assessment checklist for handling home enteral nutrition (HEN).

Methods

This methodological study developed a checklist based on a literature review and interviews with food safety professionals. The content validation, which was conducted by food safety and enteral feeding experts, assessed the relevance, clarity, and simplicity of the checklist using the content validity index of items (CVI‐I), categories (CVI‐C), and the entire instrument (CVI‐EI). Each item was rated as either essential, necessary, or recommended according to the risk in relation to foodborne diseases.

Results

The Food Safety for Handling Home Enteral Nutrition checklist (FSHEN checklist) that was developed includes 40 items and the following eight categories: physical structure; cleaning of facilities, equipment, furniture, and utensils; pests and waste; water supply; food handlers; ingredients and packaging; handling of enteral formulations; and the bottling and storage of enteral formulations. The CVI‐EI was above the recommendation (≥0.93) for the three assessed criteria, as was the CVI‐C in terms of clarity (≥0.95), relevance (≥0.98), and simplicity (≥0.84). A total of 52.5% of the items were rated as essential, 32.5% as necessary, and 15% as recommended.

Conclusion

The FSHEN checklist is relevant, clear, and easy to use. It can help health professionals and individuals working in the field to assess and prioritize items to improve food safety in the management of HEN.