bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Performance of Injection Wells in EX Structure
Authors: Antariksa Zona Nuansa , Irawan Sonny , Ratnaningsih Dyah Rini , Marhaendrajana Taufan , Setiati Rini , Fathaddin Muhammad Taufiq
Published: March 2023

One of the efforts that can be done to evaluate the performance of water injection in a field is by monitoring the injector wells. Observations can be made by looking at the flow rate and injection pressure at each injector well. The response given by each injection well will be able to represent the injection performance on a field scale. The EX structure is a structure that has been produced for more than 40 years. In addition, water injection has also been applied for approximately 16 years. There are four injection wells operating in this EX structure with an average injection flow rate of 3000-8000 bwipd per well. Evaluation of injection well performance is carried out by conducting a Hall Plot on each injection well from the start of the injection process to the last data obtained. Based on the evaluation results, it was found that there was plugging in the EA-IIS and EJ-IVS injection wells. Stimulation activity is needed in both wells to restore the well injection capability. Meanwhile, for the EA-IS and EB-IIL injection wells, there are no significant problems in those wells so they can still function properly as injection wells.
Perancangan Prototipe Monitoring Ketinggian Air Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Panel Surya Sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik
Authors: Sari Tyas Kartika , Novita Dianing , Abduh Syamsir , Widjaja Maulasukma
Published: March 2023

Tingginya polusi dan banjir di musim penghujan merupakan salah satu masalah yang dimiliki oleh kota-kota besar di Indonesia khususnya Ibu kota DKI Jakarta. Selain banjir efek dari polusi udara akibat penggunaan sumber energi fosil sebagai sumber energi listrik juga menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang harus mendapat perhatian karena penggunaan energi fosil secara terus menerus bisa menimbulkan efek gas rumah kaca yang berakibat pada pemanasan global. Oleh karena itu untuk dapat mengurangi polusi dan efek gas rumah kaca, salah satu caranya adalah dengan menggunakan sumber energi ramah lingkungan. Penggunaan panel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik alternatif merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi penggunaan energi fosil. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendesain sistem photovoltaic untuk monitoring ketinggian air dengan berbasis IoT sehingga nantinya ketinggian air sungai akan bisa dimonitoring secara real time dengan menggunakan prototipe monitoring ketinggian air berbasis IoT ini. Selanjutnya perancangan prototipe dan sistem IoT dapat dilakukan, didalam penelitian ini digunakan Arduino, web dan juga aplikasi android. Alarm akan menyala jika batas air dalam di batas yang telah ditentukan. Dalam prototipe ada tiga warna lampu LED sebagai indicator sebagai penanda level ketinggian air, warna hijau menandakan bahwa level ketinggian air dalam keadaan aman, warna kuning menandakan bahwa level ketinggian air dalam keadaan mendekati batas aman dan warna merah menandakan bahwa level ketinggian air berada di atas batas aman dan bahaya.
Kata Kunci :  Panel surya, banjir, polusi, monitoring, IoT.
Loan disbursement by financial services institutions: Determinants in Asia
Authors: Johan Suwinto , Rusliyana Sari Wahyuni
Published: March 2023

The economy of a country cannot be separated from the financing in the economic ecosystem of the nation. On the opposite, overly excessive funding will cause the economy of a country to become overheated. An overheated economy can harm the country's overall system. This research analyzes the variables that determine the distribution of financing by the financial services industry to private sectors. This research studies five variables as independent variables and private credit disbursement as the dependent variable. The independent variables are inflation interest rate, exchange rate, gross domestic product, and gross domestic product per capita. This research investigates the 31-year historical data collected from 11 countries in Asia. This study uses a balanced panel data model and E-views to process the data. The data is obtained from the World Bank website. This research concludes that inflation, gross domestic product, and exchange rate to United State Dollar have a significant influence on the distribution of private credit. Moreover, the gross domestic product per capita and interest rate does not influence the private credit distribution.
QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT INTERNSHIP LEARNING THROUGH CUSTOMER SATISFICATION INDEX (CSI) MEASUREMENT AND IMPORTANT-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Hermawan Fahmy , Puspitasari Popi , Damayanti Julia , Nelfia Lisa Oksri , Kurniyaningrum Endah , Kuswanda Giraldi Fardiaz
Published: March 2023

Link and match between the world of business—industry and the flexibility—adaptability to rapid changes in the future,  aresome of the reasons why higher education equipped with the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka or MBKM system isnecessary.  Internshipis one of the MBKM programs, which  provides opportunities for students to gain professional work experience in the business world or industry. Civil Engineering Study Program, Universitas Trisakti is organizing an Internship program on Construction Projects in the Odd semester of 2021/2022 academic year. This study is an attempt to share knowledge about stake holder perceptions (students, lecturers, staff, and cooperation partners) regarding the success and failure of the implementation of MBKM. The measurement was based on the priority and satisfaction levels, with the variables of educational infrastructure, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, treatment of students  and information systems. This is a quantitative descriptive study using a questionnaire distributed to 217 students, 26 permanent lecturers and 12 civil engineering administration staff as respondents. Cartesian diagram Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to map the value of Customer Satisfaction  Index (CSI) which shows the level of stakeholde rsatisfactions. The results show that the CSI values (satisfaction level) areas follows: students has reached 75.67% as itisforadministration staff75.15%, where as  lecturers show a quite higher level which is 81.75%. In order to develop a well-organized MBKM in the future, institutions need to establish and manage programs interms of : coordinating between lecturers and field supervisors, adjusting field course
Materials to student needs, socializing the amount of MBKM funds to students participating  ininternships, and organizing remedial mechanisms. Based on the data analysis,100% of cooperating partners support the continuation of MBKM program and propose that qualified apprentices would become employees  in  their companies.
Keywords: Construction Project, Internship Learning, Customer Satisfaction Index, Important-Performance Analysis.
PANDEMI COVID-19 SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PENGARUH SEKTOR PARIWISATA TERHADAP PENURUNAN PEREKONOMIAN DI PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Purba Samuel Fery , Wahyuningsi Mentari
Published: March 2023

The research objective is to examine and analyze the determinants of the tourism sector (Hotel room occupancy rate (TPKH), Total of domestic and foreign tourist visits (JWDM), and Total of Bali flights (PJB)) that influence Bali's economic growth and to determine the effect of the relationship between these determinants during the COVID-19 pandemic (a moderating factor) in the Province of Bali. A quantitative approach with secondary data from the Bali Province Central Statistics Agency website from January 2017 to December 2021. secondary data from three tourism indicators and COVID-19 as a moderating factor. This study use multiple linear regression to investigate the impact of a variety of related variables. The findings obtained during the analysis were that total of domestic and foreign tourists visits (JWBM) before the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive and significant relationship with Bali's economic growth. The TPKH variable before the COVID-19 pandemic and JWDM during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative relationship to per capita GRDP in Bali. The JPB variable before the COVID-19 pandemic as well as TPKH and JPB during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative and insignificant value for Bali's GRDP, which is a proxy for regional economic growth. This condition is due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has reduced people's mobility; moreover, they have to do PPKM and "stay at home" so that positive cases of the disease can decrease. The government should conduct promotional operations for Bali's top tourist sites and provide direction to MSMEs and the tourism industry.
Analisis Mineral Alterasi Untuk Mengetahui Sistem Panasbumi Daerah Pekasiran dan Sekitarnya, Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Robiul Ashari Wahyu , Hendrasto Fajar - , Sumotarto Untung , Sotha Dzaky , Meirawaty Mira , Wijaya Budi
Published: March 2023

Alterasi hidrotermal adalah perubahan mineralogi akibat interaksi antara batuan dengan fluida air panas, disebut fluida hidrotermal (hydrothermal fluids). Fluida-fluida ini membawa unsur-unsur logam (metal) dalam larutan, baik dari sumber batuan beku dekat ataupun dari peluruhan sejumlah batuan di sekitarnya. Lokasi penelitian di Daerah Pekasiran dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, menjadi lokasi panasbumi yang baik untuk diteliti mineral alterasi yang terbentuk di permukaan sehingga dapat mengetahui sistem panasbumi yang terbentuk. Zona Pegunungan Serayu Utara, bagian dari orogen sunda, yang dikontrol oleh subduksi lempeng India-Australia ke bawah lempeng Eurasia yang menghasilkan rantai volkanik Kuarter berarah baratlaut-tenggara dan batuan penyusunnya adalah batuan gunungapi berupa endapan lava dan piroklastik. Metode dalam penelitian ini dengan melakukan pemetaan geologi dan mengambil sampel batuan alterasi. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis laboratorium petrografi dan X-Ray Diffraction untuk mengetahui tekstur dan himpunan mineral yang terbentuk, sehingga dapat diinterpretasikan zona alterasi yang berkembang pada daerah Pekasiran dan sekitarnya. Zona alterasi yang terbentuk di permukaan yaitu zona alterasi argilik lanjut dengan temperatur diperkirakan antara 160 – 310 °C dengan pH rendah <4, zona alterasi argilik dengan temperatur diperkirakan 210-300 °C dengan pH sedang 4-5 dan propilitik dengan temperatur diperkirakan 210-300°C dengan pH mendekati netral sampai alkalin.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON NUMERICAL LITHOFACIES IDENTIFICATION FOR RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION IN THE PERIOD OF 1980 -2021
Authors: Ronoatmojo Imam Setiaji , Apriniyadi Muhamad , Nugraheni Rosmalia Dita , Riyandhani Cahyaningratri Prima , Rosyidan Cahaya Rosyidan , Sutadiwiria Yarra
Published: March 2023

The term "electrofacies" was introduced in 1980 by Serra and Abbott, it had been developed promptly since 2009. The development was triggered predominantly by wireline logging technology and artificial intelligence technology. The electrofacies categorization  was intended to facilitate the study of reservoir characterization. However, it is difficult to formulate deterministically, due to the uniqueness of the depositional environment and geological processes that involve many physical properties. At least, there are 369 articles which were obtained from Scopus sources in the period of 1980 - 2021. In this bibliometric analysis, we regrouped the articles into four groups, i.e. “pattern recognition” “facies analysis”, “objectives” and “quality”. This grouping was attained on the methods of co-occurences, co-authorship, citation analysis and bibliographic coupling using VOSviewer software. The distance and coupling between themes will determine the level of quality and quantity of discussion between them. The quality of the objective resides in the certainty value of the lithology controlled by transportation or diagenetic events. For example, sand and shale which are siliciclastic lithology will have a higher degree of certainty than carbonate rocks. Therefore, the wide gap occurred during the application of artificial intelligence, especially for complex facies and uncertain geological conditions. The application of artificial intelligence is not solely functional without involving geological analysis. The implication is some researchs are still needed from this point of view, so the electrofacies role cannot be independent without developing models of the diagenetic process.
ANALISIS PERPINDAHAN PANAS HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE SHELL AND TUBE PADA GAS TURBINE GENERATOR
Authors: Andalucia Sefilra
Published: March 2023

Proses perpindahan kalor pada dunia industri pada saat ini,  merupakan proses kunci kerja dalam suatu mesin, karena semua mesin bekerja dalam temperatur yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu alat penukar kalor (Heat  Exchanger), yang digunakan untuk menukar kalor antara fluida kerja yang memiliki perbedaan temperatur.  Oleh karena itulah penggunaan heat exchanger perlu diperhatikan performanya secara teratur karena penggunaan heat exchanger dengan performa buruk dapat berakibat pada kegagalan pada heat exchanger dan dapat merugikan salah satu caranya adalah dengan menjaga performa heat exchanger tetap bekerja dengan baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa performa heat exchanger jenis shell and tube sebagai pendingin oli pada gas turbine generator di PLTGU Gunung Megang. Dimana heat exchanger ini bekerja, dengan menngunakan air sebagai media pendinginnya. Dari data yang diperoleh, hasil analisa performa heat exchanger ini didapat laju perpindahan panas teoritis sebesar 780055,1 watt sedangkan sebesar pada aktual sebesar 1577482  watt. Sehingga didapat keefektifitasan heat excahnger tersebut selama heat exchanger tersebut bekerja adalah sebesar 202%, dimana dari hasil analisa tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa heat exchanger bekerja melebihi efisiensi 100% yang dapat menyebabkan kurangnya masa pakai alat tersebut.
MAPPING THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF RIVERS WATER QUALITY USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. A CASE STUDY OF GREATER JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Yanidar Ramadhani , Hartono Djoko Mulyo , Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto , Andres Yves
Published: March 2023

Urban activities and runoff deteriorated the river water. Aim: This study aims to determine the primary contamination and mapping river's water quality variation in Greater Jakarta. Methodology and Results: Multivariate analysis was employed by Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis (FA and CA) using the 12 parameters of the water quality dataset from 76 sampling stations in 19 rivers in the Greater Jakarta Region, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2015. The FA result showed that almost 66.6% of the total variance in water quality data was associated with four significant variators of which 36.12% identified the main parameters BOD, COD, TP, ammonia, nitrate, and detergent. The cluster analysis grouped the sampling locations into 3 (three) clusters to indicate the spatial classifications of river water. Cluster 1 indicates pollutants from the residential area, Cluster 2 from residential and commercial areas, while Cluster 3 is majorly pollutants from industrial areas. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The results showed the conductivity and TDS concentrations in cluster 3 are higher than the others since most of the sampling points are located near an industrial area or downstream close to the estuary. The mapping gave a better understanding of the river water quality characteristic spatially and could assist local governments in prioritizing river pollution management.
Effect of Core Shape and its Side Slopes on Seepage Quantity of Zoned Earth Dam
Authors: Aziz Yaseen
Published: March 2023

Seepage is the main problem of earth dams; most failures are occurred due to excessive amount ofseepage. In zoned earth dams clay core is provided to minimize seepage quantity and its dimensions andshape has great influence on seepage quantity. In this study seepage through earth dam with vertical andslanting core case were analyzed for different side slopes and top width. For vertical core cases differentside slopes ranges from 0H:1V to 2H:1V and different top width from (3-10) m were analyzed. Due to lowerpermeability coefficient of core material seepage discharge reduced as side slopes and top width increase.The seepage discharge for slanting core cases are more than vertical cases with similar area of core. Theresults obtained in this study are agreed with the results of the other investigators However, in slanting corecases the downstream part dry during steady state condition; this is helpful in improving downstreamstability.
Preparation of Curve Number Grid Map of Rawanduz River Basin in KRI Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Israa D. , Fattah Sheikh Suleimany Jehan M.
Published: March 2023

The study is being conducted with the goal of applying various models and techniques for catchment delineation and providing the opportunity to determine the Curve Numbers (CN) for the Rawanduz river basin (2956 Km2), which is located in the northeastern section of Iraq, Kurdistan region, by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS). Satellite data (Landsat 8 OLI) for 2020 was utilized to build land cover classes, with a classification accuracy of 90% and a Kappa index of 86.18%. The hydrologic soil map for the region is digitized from the Iraqi soil map. In specifically, Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) is technique that will be utilized to predict direct surface runoff. This technique incorporates a range of significant watershed features, such as Hydrological Soil Groups (HSG) and land use/land cover (LU/LC), to be utilized as input variables for numerous hydrologic processes. In terms of land use and hydrologic soil group combination, the lowest CN value was found to be 58 in forest areas, which corresponds to an increased ability of the soil to retain rainfall and will produce much less runoff, and the highest CN value was found to be 92 in medium-residential areas, which causes most of the rainfall to appear as runoff, with minimal losses.
Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Variation in Kurd, Assyrian, and Armenian populations in Iraq Kurdistan
Authors: Khalid Sabriya K. , Fattah Yousif M.
Published: March 2023

Background: North central Middle Eastern countries Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria all have persistent Kurdish regions. Over thousands of years, several ethnicities have immigrated, settled, or resided in the region, including Turks, Persians, Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Chechens, and Azeris.
Methods: Eleven Y-chromosome STRs were evaluated in a total of 90 unrelated males from the Kurds, Armenians, and Assyrians populations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (DYS19, DYS390, DYS393, DYS426, DYS437, DYS439, DYS447, DYS460, DYS461, DYS481, and DYS576). Using a DNA extraction kit, total DNA was isolated from leukocytes. PCR products were run on 8% polyacrylamide gel with a 50bp ladder DNA marker to size the bands, and silver staining was used to identify the DNA bands. Power Marker V3.25 software was used to determine variety of genetic parameters, including total allele number, allele frequency, gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC), and phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA-X software.
Results: The total number of alleles identified in the three populations was 380. The sizes of the alleles ranged from 87bp to 275bp.The most diverse loci were DYS447 and DYS576 (GD: 0.949), whereas DYS426 showed the least diversity (GD:0.896). The Phylogenetic tree divided the populations into two main clusters: The Kurdish and Armenian clades in one cluster and the Assyrian in another cluster. Few of dendrogram leaves from the three examined groups were admixed with each other. 
Conclusions: This study confirms the high-resolution Y-STR typing's ability to discriminate. We conclude that the genetic distance between Kurd and Armenians is less than the genetic distance between the Kurd and the Assyrians, meaning that the Armenians population are genetically closer to the Kurds population.
Moving Vehicle Method to Calculate Traffic Flow Characteristics for Erbil 60m Ring Road
Authors: Abdulla Kamal Y. , Zero Bafrin Ch.
Published: March 2023

Traffic flow characteristics are important factors in the planning and management of highway facilities. Such information is not available in systematic form of the city of Erbil, so this study aims to obtain required data on flow, speed and density accordingly to find the relationship between these three parameters. Travel time, travel speed and flow due to traffic interaction data are also needed to evaluate the existing levels of service which is necessary for transportation planning and economic analysis, to be done in this field. This study uses the directional distribution of several selected road sections in the city of Erbil to give a complete picture of traffic flow in terms of size, daily and hourly variabilities. It was for this purpose that 60m ring road in Erbil city was chosen. To evaluate the data, software such as (Microsoft Excel, SPSS) were used in-order to develop relationships among each pair of flow type variables (density, speed and flow).
Measuring strength of the relationships between speed-density, flow-density and speed-flow should be done. The relation between traffic flows data was found by the R² is applied for all models. The strength of relationships among speed-density, flow-density and speed-flow should be measured. The relation between traffic flows data was found by the R² is applied for all modes.
The maximum flow rate in Section 9 is over 9000 pc/hr but range of flow is equal to 7605 pc/hr and range of space mean speed is it among 20 and 55 km/hr at peak hour and highest range of density is among 40 and 160 pc/km.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Erbil City
Authors: Rashid Jwan , Abdulla Salih A.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) is a plan that helps women to consider all obtainable maternal health care services. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge on key danger signs and components of BP/CR among pregnant women within 3rd trimester who attending primary health care centers in Erbil city.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 300 pregnant women, during the period mid-March 2019 to the end of July 2019 in five primary health care centers in Erbil city. Data gathered through interview with study sample and using structured questionnaires and purposive sampling technique used to selected samples. Data were analyzed by using the social package of statistical science (SPSS version 23).Results: Pregnant women were between the ages of 15 and 46 years, about 8% of the women aged less than 20 years, and 12.3% aged ≥ 35 years. About (93.7%)of the women thinks that planning for the place of delivery is important while only 1.3% thinks that it is important to identify skilled attendant. Also high knowledge about birth preparedness was associated significantly (p = 0.041) with age and the distance to the health care facility (p = 0.003) but there are not significant association with other socio-demographic factors.Conclusion: Large proportion of pregnant women had good knowledge about some of key danger signs. Generally, majority of the respondents had increased awareness on most of components of BP/CR.
Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of entecavir or probiotics on Oxaliplatin-Induced Liver Injury in the rats
Authors: Askandar Asem A. , Alhassani Ansam N.
Published: March 2023

Oxaliplatin (OXA), a current cancer chemotherapeutic, has low efficacy and is linked to serious adverse effects, including liver damage. We anticipated that probiotics and entecavir would help reduce OXA-induced liver damage because the pathophysiology of drug-induced liver damage is thought to be related to the disordered gut microbiota. Twenty-four rats were used in this study and divided into 4 groups: control group (n=6), OXA group (n=6), entecavir (ENT) group (n=6), and probiotics (PRO) group (n=6). After 3 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1. Serum measurement of biochemical parameters showed a significant increase in ALP in the OXA group compared to the control group (p<0.0001). The treatment with ENT or PRO along with OXA alleviated these changes. Significant elevation of serum ALT (p=0.041) and non-significant (p=0.210) increase of AST was observed in OXA-treated rats as compared with control rats. The administration of ENT or PRO along OXA restored these changes, but they did not reach the levels of control rats. Significant elevations of serum IL-1 (p=0.024) and a non-significant (p=0.114) increase of IL-6 were observed in OXA-treated rats compared to control rats. The administration of ENT or PRO along OXA reduced inflammatory cytokines' levels but they did not return to the baseline. The treatment with ENT or PRO was beneficial in reducing the severity of OXA-induced liver injury, likely by reducing inflammatory responses and liver function tests.
Performance of the Gomaspan Dam's Stepped Spillway Against Cavitation using CFDcity
Authors: A Abo A.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine how well the stepped spillway at Gomaspan dam performs in terms of cavity index. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code called FLUENT is used. To begin, the code was validated by applying it to the experiments work of (Li et al. 2021), and the findings demonstrate great agreement between CFD and the aforementioned experimental data. Second, the algorithm is applied to the designed stepped spillway of the Gomaspan dam, and the cavity index is obtained at each step. The results show that the design is unsatisfactory, and the steps are particularly vulnerable to cavitation because the inception point located at step 19 and the velocity of water after inception point ranges between (22m/s-34.6m/s), it may also cause the cavitation after a long period of time.
SEE Transform Technique for Solving System of Linear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations of the Second Kind
Authors: Rustam Zainab R. , Sulaiman Nejmaddin A.
Published: March 2023

There are many integral transforms that are widely used to solve numerous real-life, science, and engineering problems. In this article, we present SEE transform for determining the solution of the system of linear Volterra integro-differential equations of the second kind. Some applications have been given and solved by using the SEE transform for illustrating the applicability of the SEE transform. Results of the applications assert that the SEE transform is very effective for obtaining the exact solution of this equation.
Response of Some Sugar Beet Varieties to Different Sowing Dates Under Two Seasonal Conditions in Khabat
Authors: Mohammed Bilal I. , Hamed Xaraman N.
Published: March 2023

The research was conducted in the field of Khabat Technical Institute / Erbil Polytechnic University during winter season of 2019-2020 and summer season of 2020. It shows the effect of planting date, varieties on growth and yield component of sugar beet under two different seasonal conditions. A factorial experimental design was applied in randomized complete block design with three replication; the first factor represents three planting dates (1st October, 16th October and 31th October, 2019) in winter and (1st March, 16th March and 31th March, 2020) in summer season, the second factor was three varieties of sugar beet (Germany, Turkish and Iranian), had been applied in both seasons. The combined effect of planting in 1st October and the Turkish variety produced the highest value of all study traits; No. of leaf.plant-1, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index (LAI), root length cm, root diameter cm, root weight kg.plant-1, root yield t.ha-1, sugar % and sugar yield t.ha-1in winter season, but the Germany variety surpassed in length of root (cm) in summer season. The interaction between planting date from 1st October with Turkish variety recorded the highest value of all study traits, in winter season achieved the lowest value in number of leaf.plant-1, root length cm, root diameter cm, root weight kg.plant-1, root yield t.ha-1, sugar% and sugar yield, were recorded from the interaction between planting in 31th March and Iranian variety in summer season. On the other hand, the interaction treatment 31th March with Turkish variety recorded the lowest value in leaf area and leaf area index.
Degradation Mechanisms and Residual Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars Exposed to Natural and Artificial Corrosion – Review & Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Ghafur H. , Jumaa Ghazi B. , Askandar Nasih H.
Published: March 2023

Reinforcement corrosion is the most problematic phenomenon and one of the main sources for the degradation of structures and infrastructures all across the world, that leads to their premature deterioration before design life has been attained. Therefore, the structural effects of rebar corrosion are crucial in determining the structural performance and residual strength of impaired structures. In the present work, the corrosion initiation mechanisms, corrosion products, corrosion types, corrosion consequences on structural performance and detrimental factors related to corrosion were presented in brief. Moreover, the propagation period and the main consequences on mechanical properties of steel and concrete are analyzed. Analyses of the available statistical data collected from literature were performed for 443 specimens. The findings are further interpreted from structural point of view, and deterioration equations for the mechanical properties of the corroded reinforcements are developed. The relations are well analyzed, leading to the definition of decay equation for yielding and ultimate stresses, and ultimate strain. It was found that the mass loss of 1% due to the rebar corrosion can cause the strength loss of 1.34%, 1.30%, and 3.54% respectively for yield strength, ultimate strength, and elongation. The suggested formulas can be applied in analytical and numerical structural applications.
Fluctuation des populations et évaluation des dégâts des mouches de fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) dans les parcs à karité de l’Ouest du Burkina Faso : cas du transect Koumbia-Dano
Authors: Zida Issaka , Sawadogo Alizèta , Djiguemdé Salamata , Bastide Brigitte
Published: March 2023

Description du sujet. La pulpe des fruits du karité est consommée par les communautés rurales, surtout en période de soudure. Cependant, les fruits du karité sont sujets aux attaques des mouches de fruits qui compromettent l’utilisation de la pulpe. Objectifs. Suivre la fluctuation des populations de mouches de fruits, établir la diversité spécifique des mouches de fruits et évaluer l’importance des dégâts occasionnés sur les fruits du karité. Méthode. Un système de piégeage constitué de pièges de type Tephri trap ayant fonctionné avec des attractifs sexuels a été installé dans les parcs à karité. Un échantillonnage des fruits de karité à maturité physiologique et/ou commerciale a été effectué toutes les deux semaines et incubé au laboratoire. Résultats. Six espèces de mouches de fruits ont été capturées avec une prédominance de Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (42,21 % des captures) et de Ceratitis silvestrii Bezzi (40,55 % des captures). Deux espèces de mouches de fruits, Ceratitis silvestrii et Ceratitis quinaria Bezzi et deux espèces de parasitoïdes, Psytallia concolor Szépligeti et Fopius caudatus Szépligeti, ont émergé des fruits incubés. Les indices de dégâts (50 à 57,77 % en fonction des sites) et les taux d’infestation (83,70 à 953,84 adultes·kg-1 de fruits) les plus élevés ont été enregistrés en pleine saison de production fruitière du karité au mois de juin. Conclusions. Les parasitoïdes identifiés pourront être utilisés dans l’élaboration de méthodes de gestion agro-écologique de ces ravageurs dans les parcs agroforestiers.
DETERMINAN AUDIT JUDGMENT PADA AUDITOR PEMERINTAH
Authors: Harsono Hernawan , Helmi Syarif M , Acon Leonardus
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of audit experience, audit expertise, and task complexity on audit judgment. The research was conducted at Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan (BPKP) Perwakilan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. The data yang used in this study is the primary data in the form of questionnaire data. Audit experience, expertise, task complexity, and judgment are measured on a Likert score scale of 1-5. This research uses quantitative analysis methods, including descriptive statistical analysis, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, T-tests, F tests, and coefficient of determination tests (R2). The results of this study show that audit experience and expertise do not affect audit judgment. Meanwhile, the complexity of the task affects the audit judgment.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN PROYEKSI ARUS KAS PDAM KOTA PONTIANAK TAHUN 2020-2023
Authors: Syahbandi Syahbandi , Indah Djunita Permata
Published: March 2023

Cash flow can be a very useful tool for companies in repairing and managing company assets, so it is necessary to calculate cash flow projections to ensure cash availability for the company. This study aims to calculate cash flow predictions at PDAM Pontianak City for 2020-2023 based on the 2017-2019 financial reports and compared with the actual profit (loss) reports for 2020-2021. The results of the study show that in predicting cash flows, there will be a very significant decrease if efforts to improve and manage assets are not carried out at this time. However, from 2020 to 2021, PDAM Tirta Khatulistiwa has succeeded in improving and managing assets so that they can increase company profits by keeping the value of operating expenses at a fairly stable number.
Formation of C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bonds Instead of Amide C–N Bonds from Carboxylic Acid and Amine Substrate Pools by Decarbonylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling
Authors: Wang Jiang , Ehehalt Lauren , Huang Zhidao , Beleh Omar , Guzei Ilia , Weix Daniel
Published: March 2023

Carbonheteroatom bonds, most often amide and ester bonds, are the standard method to link together two complex fragments be-cause carboxylic acids, amines, and alcohols are ubiquitous and the reactions are reliable. However, CN and CO linkages are often a metabolic liability because they are prone to hydrolysis. While C(sp2)–C(sp3) linkages are preferable in many cases, methods to make them require different starting materials or are less functional-group compatible. We show here a new, decarbonylative reaction that forms C(sp2)–C(sp3) bonds from the reaction of activated carboxylic acids (via 2-pyridyl esters) with activated alkyl groups derived from amines (via N-alkyl pyridinium salts) and alcohols (via alkyl halides). Key to this process is a remarkably fast, reversible oxidative addi-tion/decarbonylation sequence enabled by pyridone and bipyridine ligands that, under reaction conditions that purge CO(g), lead to a selective reaction. The conditions are mild enough to allow coupling of more complex fragments, such as those used in drug develop-ment, and this is demonstrated in the coupling of a typical Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) anchor with common linkers via CC linkages.
Characterization of sulfur/carbon copolymer cathodes for Li-S batteries: a combined experimental and ab initio Raman spectroscopy study
Authors: Kiani Rana , Steimecke Matthias , Alqaisi Marah , Bron Michael , Sebastiani Daniel , Partovi-Azar Pouya
Published: March 2023

Optimization of lithium-sulfur batteries highly depends on exploring and characterizing new cathode materials. Sulfur/carbon copolymers have recently attracted much attention as an alternative class of cathodes to replace crystalline sulfur. In particular, poly(sulfur-n-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (S/DIB) has been under considerable experimental and theoretical investigations, promising a good performance in mitigating the so-called shuttle effect. Here, combining ab initio Raman spectroscopy simulations with experimental measurements, we show that S/DIB copolymers containing short and long sulfur chains are distinguishable based on their Raman activity in 400-500 1/cm. This frequency range corresponds to S--S stretching vibrations and is only observed in the Raman spectra of those copolymers with longer sulfur chains. The results reported in this study have direct applications in identification and characterization of general sulfur/carbon copolymers with different sulfur contents.
Bidirectional photoswitchability in an iron(III) spin crossover complex: Symmetry-breaking and solvent effects
Authors: Diaz-Torres Raul , Chastanet Guillaume , Collet Eric , Trzop Elzbieta , Harding Phimphaka , Harding David J.
Published: March 2023

The impact of solvent on spin crossover (SCO) behaviour is reported in two solvates [Fe(qsal-I)2]NO3.2ROH (qsal-I = 4-iodo-2-[(8-quinolylimino)methyl]phenolate; R = Me 1 or Et 2) which undergo abrupt and gradual SCO, respectively. A symmetry-breaking phase transition due to spin-state ordering from a [HS] to [HS-LS] state occurs at 210 K in 1, while T1/2 = 250 K for the EtOH solvate. The MeOH solvate exhibits LIESST and reverse-LIESST from the [HS-LS] state, revealing a hidden [LS] state. Moreover, photocrystallographic studies on 1 at 10 K reveal re-entrant photoinduced phase transitions to a high symmetry [HS] phase when irradiated at 980 nm or a high symmetry [LS] phase after irradiation at 660 nm. This study represents the first example of bidirectional photoswitchability and subsequent symmetry-breaking from a [HS-LS] state in an iron (III) SCO material, opening the door to more complex photomagnetic devices.
Inactive Metallic Particles Inhibit the Demetalization of Single-Atom Iron During Oxygen Reduction for Durable Fuel Cell Operation
Authors: Wang Yu-Cheng , Gao Xiao-bing , Xu Wei Cheng , Huang Huan , Zhao Kuang-min , Ye Hong , Zhou Zhiyou , Zheng Nan-Feng , Sun Shigang
Published: March 2023

Single atom-metallic particle interaction enhances the catalytic stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, its related mechanism has not been fully understood. Herein, the interaction between a single atom site and metallic particles and its effect on promoting catalyst stability was quantitatively described, taking the example of a single atom of Fe. Metallic particles, as electron donors, decreased the Fe valence by increasing the electron density at the FeN4 position. Subsequently, this strengthened the Fe-N bond and inhibited the electrochemical Fe dissolution, boosting the catalyst stability. Different metals (like Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Fe, Co, and Ni), existence forms (like particle size, distance, and crystallinity), and content strengthen the Fe-N bond to different extents. A linear correlation between Fe valence, Fe-N bond strength, and electrochemical Fe dissolution amount in single atom-particle catalyst systems experimentally and theoretically supported this mechanism. Consequently, a stable particle-assisted Fe-based ORR catalyst that could operate stably up to 430 h in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was screened, ranking among the best non-precious ORR catalysts. This study helps to develop cheap yet stable catalysts for fuel cell applications.
Cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries based on Fe-Ti doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes, graphite anodes and the cathode additive Li3PO4
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Müller Marcus , Bergfeldt Thomas , Binder Joachim R. , Hofmann Andreas
Published: March 2023

This study addresses the improved cycling stability of Li-ion batteries based on Fe-Ti doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) high voltage cathode active material and graphite anodes. By using 1 wt.% Li3PO4 as cathode additive, over 90% capacity retention for 1000 charge-discharge cycles and remaining capacities of 109 mAh∙g-1 were reached in a cells with an areal capacity of 2.3 mAh∙cm-² (potential range: 3.5 V - 4.9 V). Cells without the additive, in contrast, suffered from accelerated capacity loss and increased polarization, resulting in capacity retention of only 78% over 1000 cycles. An electrolyte consisting of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and LiPF6 was used without additional additives. The significantly improved cycling stability of the full cells is mainly due to two factors, namely the low MnIII content of the Fe-Ti-doped LNMO active material and the use of the cathode additive Li3PO4. Crystalline Li3PO4 yields a drastic reduction of transition metal deposition on the graphite anode and prevents Li loss and the propagation of cell polarization. Li3PO4 was added to the cathode slurry which makes it a very simple and scalable process, firstly reported herein. The positive effects of crystalline Li3PO4 as electrode additive, however, should apply to other cell chemistries as well.
Photochemical bromination of 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid as key step of an improved alkyne-functionalized blue box synthesis
Authors: Bachir Ahmad , Ciocchetti Fabiana , F. Couto Daniel , Di Noja Simone , Pezzato Cristian , Ragazzon Giulio
Published: March 2023

Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) is a highly electron-deficient macrocycle, widely used as a molecular receptor for small electron-rich molecules. Inserting a reactive functional group onto the molecular structure of this cyclophane is paramount for its inclusion into complex architectures. To this aim, including an alkyne moiety would be ideal, because it can participate in click reactions. However, the synthesis of such alkyne-functionalized cyclophane suffers from several drawbacks: the use of toxic and expensive CCl4, the need for high-pressure reactors, and overall low yield. We have revised the existing synthesis of this cyclophane derivative bearing an alkyne moiety, to overcome all these limitations. In particular, photochemical radical bromination is adopted to obtain a sensitive intermediate. We demonstrated that the synthesized host molecule can be functionalized via click reactions and take part in radical-radical interactions. Our work makes a key functionalized paraquat macrocycle more accessible, facilitating the development of novel redox-responsive systems.
High amplitude high frequency oscillations during posttraumatic epileptogenesis
Authors: Rangarajan Jagannathan , Kumar Udaya
Published: March 2023

Background:

The aim of the present study was to investigate if high amplitude high frequency oscillations (haHFOs) could be a biomarker of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.

Methods:

After an initial craniotomy of rats and inducement of traumatic brain injury (TBI) through a fluid percussion, recording microelectrodes were implanted bilaterally in different brain areas. Wideband brain electrical activity was recorded intermittently from Day 1 of TBI and continued till week 21. HaHFO analysis was performed during the first 4 weeks to investigate whether the occurrence of this brain activity predicted development of epilepsy or not.

Results:

Of the 21 rats which received the TBI, 9 became epileptic (E+) and 12 did not (E−). HaHFOs were observed in the prefrontal and perilesional cortices, hippocampus, and striatum in both E+ and E− group. In comparison to the rats in E−, the E+ group showed a significant increase in the rate of haHFO from weeks 1 to 4 after TBI.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that an increase in the rate of haHFOs after TBI could be an electroencephalographic biomarker of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
Karabağ ve Doğu Zengezur Bölgelerinin Alternatif Turizm Potansiyeline İlişkin Bir Araştırma (A Research on Alternative Tourism Potential of Karabakh and East Zangezur Regions)
Authors: Huseyn-Zada Karim , Kocaman Serpil
Published: March 2023

Turizm pazarında gelişmekte olan destinasyonlarda alternatif turizm türlerinin ağırlık kazanması ve eski destinasyonlarda yeni ürün türlerinin oluşması, gelecekte alternatif turizme olan talebin artacağını göstermektedir. Alternatif turizmin geliştirilmesi, sadece turistik destinasyonların değil, turistik olmayan alanların da gelişmesine yardımcı olacak ve bu bölgelerin ülke gelirinden paylarını almasını sağlayacaktır. Çalışmada, Ermeni işgalinden kurtarılmış önemli doğal ve kültürel kaynaklara sahip olan Karabağ ve Doğu Zengezur bölgelerinin alternatif turizm potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, Karabağ ve Doğu Zengezur bölgelerinin özellikle mevcut alternatif turizm alanındaki sorunları ve potansiyeli hakkında fikir oluşturması, bu potansiyelin daha da geliştirilmesiyle birlikte bölgelerin kalkınmasında sağlayabileceği katkının vurgulanması açısından önemlidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Anket, 180 kişi ile yüzyüze gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler SPSS 26 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Karabağ ve Doğu Zengezur bölgelerinin yayla turizmi, kamp ve karavan turizmi, dark turizm ve agro turizm başta olmak üzere alternatif turizm potansiyeline sahip olduğusonucuna varılmıştır.
Pengaruh Variasi Penimbangan Terhadap Akurasi Penentuan Bilangan Asam Pada Alkyd Resin
Authors: Hidayat Firman Adji Nur , Sanjaya I Gusti Made
Published: March 2023

Alkyd resin adalah polyester yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan asam lemak dan komponen lainnya. Alkyd berasal dari poliol dan asam organik termasuk asam dikarboksilat atau asam karboksilat anhidrat dan minyak trigliserida. Kualitas suatu alkyd resin ditentukan berdasarkan parameternya antara lain: kadar zat padat, viskositas, bilangan asam, warna dan kejernihan. Bilangan asam yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan cat mudah menguning, oleh karena itu diperlukan ketelitian dalam melakukan analisa bilangan asam. Untuk mengetahui bilangan asam dilakukan dengan metode titrasi asidimetri. Produk A, B, dan C ditimbang masing-masing: 0.5g, 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g, 10g, 12g, 14g, ke dalam erlenmeyer 300 ml yang di dalamnya telah berisi 100 ml pelarut. Masukkan magnetic stirer lalu aduk hingga larut sempurna di atas pemanas listrik. Tambahkan 2 tetes indikator phenolphthalein 1% ke dalam erlenmeyer. Tuang larutan KOH 0.2 alkoholik ke dalam buret 50ml. Titrasi dilakukan hingga terjadi perubahan dari larutan tak berwarna menjadi merah muda. Catat volume yang didapatkan (ml). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan semakin kecil sampel yang ditimbang maka penyimpangan hasil analisa bilangan asam dari penimbangan sampel secara teori (10 gram) semakin besar. Berdasarkan % akurasi yang diizinkan adalah yaitu 3% maka variabel penimbangan yang dapat ditoleransi adalah 8–14 gram. Penimbangan sampel kurang dari 8-gram atau di atas 14 gr akan menghasilkan bilangan asam yang memiliki penyimpangan yang sangat besar.

 

Kata kunci : Alkyd resin, Bilangan asam, Larutan KOH, Titrasi