bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Puente de Las Donadas de Montoro: de los inicios de su construcción a la Real Cédula de la Reina Juana de (Castilla.
Authors: Ortiz García José
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo estudia la construcción del llamado Puente de las Donadas, en la localidad cordobesa de Montoro, durante los últimos años del siglo XV. Se analizan las cartas de la Corona que autorizaron a construir el puente, los gastos efectuados por las diferentes poblaciones e instituciones que colaboraron en la obra y los caminos para los que sirvió. Se estudian igualmente los contratos firmados con los carreteros y albañiles encargados de la construcción, así como las condiciones materiales en que se desarrolló la obra.
La edad de la inocencia, visiones islámica y cristiana hispano-medieval sobre la infancia.
Authors: Nora Arroñada Silvia
Published: February 2024

En este trabajo nos dedicamos a estudiar, a través de la lectura de distintas fuentes escritas, la visión que sobre la niñez tenían los grupos cristianos y musulmanes de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media. Consideraremos aspectos de la vida infantil como el nacimiento, las figuras que influyen en los primeros momentos de sus vidas, la crianza, la educación, la salud y la muerte, y veremos los puntos en común y de enriquecimiento mutuo entre las dos culturas. Rescataremos también las diferencias que se plantean en determinados temas de acuerdo al punto de vista religioso y cultural de cada grupo en particular.
Evolución del paisaje y aprovechamientos económicos en la falda de la sierra cordobesa (Siglos XIII-XV).
Authors: Carpio Dueñas Juan Bautista
Published: February 2024

La falda de la sierra cordobesa forma un espacio unitario íntimamente conectado geográfica, emocional y económicamente con la ciudad. En este espacio se sitúan elementos históricos tan importantes como el heredamiento de la Albaida o, sobre todo, la dehesa de Córdoba la Vieja, que recibe este nombre por encontrarse en su interior las ruinas de la antigua ciudad omeya de Madinat al-Zahra. Tradicionalmente se ha presentado este espacio como una amplia dehesa dedicada a la ganadería extensiva. Sin embargo, un estudio más detallado de las fuentes documentales disponibles nos muestra un paisaje diversificado en el que, junto con los pastos para el ganado, abundan olivares, viñas y huertas que fueron fundamentales para el abastecimiento de los mercados de la ciudad de Córdoba durante la Baja Edad Media.
Elaboración de pan según indicaciones documentales hispanas de fines de la Edad Media
Authors: Hidalgo López Rafael , Córdoba de la Llave Ricardo , Fernández Martínez Antonio , Fernández Martínez David , González Muriel Bárbara , Guzmán García Carlos
Published: February 2024

El trabajo estudia el proceso de elaboración del pan en la zona meridional de la Península Ibérica a fines de la Edad Media. Se analizan distintas fuentes bibliográficas e iconográficas de las que se obtienen datos sobre la tipología de granos, harinas, proceso de producción y panes realizados en torno al año 1500. Una vez recogida esta información, se ha procedido a la elaboración experimental de distintas tipologías de pan documentado. El proceso de reproducción se llevó a cabo mediante la colaboración entre el Grupo de Investigación HUM128 Meridies, los maestros del obrador Panadería Artesanal Hermanos Fernández de Córdoba y Carlos Guzmán, ingeniero agrónomo de la ETSIAM. Fue llevado a cabo en la Panadería Hermanos Fernández bajo criterios interpretativos basados en la información obtenida. Una vez concluido el proceso de elaboración de los distintos panes, se realizó la puesta en valor del proyecto mediante la ayuda de la Unidad de Cultura Científica de la UCO y una presentación a distintos medios de comunicación en el Molino de Martos.
Análisis arqueométricos de cerámicas de época tardoantigua y medieval procedentes del Castillo de Castro Bilibio (Haro) y vía de comunicación del Iregua (Viguera) (La Rioja). Producción y comercio durante los siglos X/XI y XIII
Authors: Iñañez Javier G. , Tejado Sebastián José María , Guerrero Rivero Saúl Alberto
Published: February 2024

Este artículo analiza cerámicas arqueológicas de las épocas Tardoantigua y Medieval halladas en La Rioja, España, específicamente en el Castillo de Castro Bilibio y en la Vía de Comunicación del Iregua. Los análisis químicos y mineralógicos sugieren que algunas de estaspiezas tienen un origen externo, aunque no está clara su procedencia exacta, sea regional o más distante. A pesar de esto, el comercio de ciertos tipos de cerámica, como las ollas, se mantuvo en la región durante estas épocas. Es probable que estas ollas, diseñadas para resistir el fuego directo, fueran complementadas en el uso cotidiano con recipientes abiertos de madera, dada la escasez en el registro arqueológico de estos últimos.
Dynamic tensile behavior of laser-directed energy deposition and additive friction stir-deposited AerMet 100
Authors: McClelland Zackery , Peterson Haley , Dunsford Kyle
Published: February 2024

Quasi-static and high-rate tensile experiments were used to examine the strain rate sensitivity of laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED)- and additive friction stir deposition (AFSD)-formed AerMet 100 ultrahigh-strength steel-additive manufactured builds. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) revealed similar as-deposited grain sizes between the two AM processes at approximately 24 μm and 17 μm for the L-DED and AFSD samples, respectively. The strain hardening rate, θ, revealed little change in the overall hardening observed in the L-DED and AFSD materials, with a consistent hardening in the quasi-static samples and three identifiable regions in that of the high-rate tested materials. The LDED deposited materials displayed average ultimate tensile strength values of 1835 and 2902 MPa for the 0.001 s−1 and 2500 s−1 strain rates, respectively and the AFSD deposited materials displayed ultimate tensile strength values of 1928 and 3080 MPa for the 0.001 s−1 and 2500 s−1 strain rates, respectively. Overall, the strength for both processes displayed a positive strain rate sensitivity, with increases in strength of ~1000 MPa for both processes. Fractography revealed significant solidification voids in the laser DED material and poor layer adhesion in the AFSD material.
Surgical Handover Core Outcome Measures (SH-CORE): A protocol for the development of a core outcome set for trials in surgical handover
Authors: Ryan Jessica M , Devane Declan , Simiceva Anastasija , Eppich Walter , Kavanagh Dara O , Cullen Christine , Hogan Aisling M , McNamara Deborah A
Published: February 2024

Background
Surgical handover is associated with a significant risk of care failures. Existing research displays methodological deficiencies and little consensus on the outcomes that should be used to evaluate interventions in this area This paper reports a protocol to develop a core outcome set (COS) to support standardisation, comparability, and evidence synthesis in future studies of surgical handover between doctors.
Methods
This study adheres to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative guidance for COS development, including the COS-Standards for Development (COS-STAD) and Reporting (COS-STAR) recommendations. It has been registered prospectively on the COMET database and will be led by an international steering group that includes surgical healthcare professionals, researchers, and patient and public partners. An initial list of reported outcomes was generated through a systematic review of interventions to improve surgical handover (PROSPERO: CRD42022363198). Findings of a qualitative evidence synthesis of patient and public perspectives on handover will augment this list, followed by a real-time Delphi survey involving all stakeholder groups. Each Delphi participant will then be invited to take part in at least one online consensus meeting to finalise the COS.
Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) Research Ethics Committee (202309015). Results will be presented at surgical scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals. A plain English summary will be disseminated through national websites and social media. The authors aim to integrate the COS into the handover curriculum of the Irish national surgical training body and ensure it is shared internationally with other postgraduate surgical training programmes. Collaborators will be encouraged to share the findings with relevant national health service functions and national bodies.
Discussion
This study will develop the first published COS for interventions to improve surgical handover, the first use of a real-time Delphi survey in a surgical context, and will support the generation of better-quality evidence to inform best practice.
Trial registration
Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative registration number 2675. Available at http://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2675.
Longitudinal Assessment of Circulating Tumor DNA: A Proposed Statistical Framework
Authors: Pretz Christopher R. , Liao Jiemin , Weipert Caroline , Bucheit Leslie , Drusbosky Leylah , Das Amar
Published: February 2024

As circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels can reflect disease progression, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the temporal evolution of ctDNA is key to informing clinical decision making. However, temporal changes can exhibit complex non-linear patterns and differ substantially across patients. Additionally, patient characteristics and outcomes may impact temporal change. Thus, traditional statistical approaches may be inadequate in characterizing ctDNA evolution over time. In this proof-of-concept study, we propose utilizing a new approach using a hierarchical random effects cubic spline model, which is sufficiently flexible to capture complex temporal ctDNA patterns while supporting the integration of patient characteristics. To demonstrate the benefits of the approach, a retrospective cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients who received anti-EGFR therapies was analyzed. Model results are presented graphically in the form of patient-level response patterns, where each combination of patient characteristics produces a unique pattern. Patients with various ages, levels of health status, as well as mortality status were contrasted, where results provide examples of how the model can further our conceptualization of ctDNA dynamics and demonstrates how results can be used in targeted, patient-centered, clinical decision-making.
Sperm miR-142-3p reprogramming mediates paternal stress-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in offspring rats
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Cong , Guo Yu , Liu Yi , Liu Kexin , Hu Wen
Published: February 2024

Although epidemiological data suggest a strong association between paternal adverse environmental exposure and susceptibility to multiple diseases in offspring, the sperm-to-liver pathway involved in offspring disease is complicated and worthy of further exploration. Caffeine contained in many beverages is regarded as a chronic stressor, and exerts reproductive and developmental toxicity. Effects of paternal pre-pregnant caffeine exposure (PPCE) on the long-term health of offspring and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study innovatively reported the occurrence and transgenerational inheritance of PPCE-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in offspring, and aimed to elucidate its sperm reprogramming mechanism and the potential intervention targets. Male rats were administrated with caffeine (15 ~ 60 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 8 weeks before mating. Symptoms of NASH were found in two successive generations of male rats (F1 and F2) whose fathers or grandfathers (F0) were exposed to caffeine. RNA-seq was employed to screen out a novel miRNA mediating equilibrant of liver fatty metabolism: miR-142-3p. Role of sperm miR-142-3p in PPCE-induced offspring NAFLD was validated by in vitro fertilization of the sperm of PPCE or miR-142-3pKO sperm with normal oocytes. Overexpression of miR-142-3p in offspring liver reversed NASH manifestation in PPCE male offspring. We further proved that caffeine-induced paternal chronic stress (high glucocorticoid level) but not caffeine itself is the main cause of methylation changes in sperm and offspring NAFLD, via experiments in vitro and glucocorticoid receptor blockade. Moreover, the linkage between serum high glucocorticoids and sperm miR-142-3p low programming was also verified in clinical samples. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time that PPCE induced NASH in offspring with transgenerational inheritance, confirmed the reprogramming mechanism of sperm miR-142-3p, and identified miR-142-3p as a potential intervention target for paternal-derived NASH.
Chemodiversity and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils of tropical black sage
Authors: de Medeiros Elisabeth Alves Duarte Pereira , Nascimento Rayssa Vicente , Duarte-Junior Eduardo Barros , Pereira Camila da Silva Barbosa , Moreira Ygor Nunes , Torre Rafael , Velez Afonso Santine Magalhães Mesquita , Decote-Ricardo Debora , de Lima Marco Edilson Freire , Santos André Marques dos , Damasceno-Junior Pedro Corrêa , de Souza Marco Andre Alves
Published: February 2024

Tropical black sage (Varronia curassavica Jacq.) is a species native to ecosystems subject to strong anthropic action, and thus is at risk of genetic erosion. However, little is known about this important genetic resource, with possible uses in the aromas, fragrances and pharmaceutical sectors. The objective of this work was to prospect and study native specimens of tropical black sage regarding the concentration, chemical profile and trypanocidal activity of the essential oils (EOs). For this purpose, we collected in situ 47 specimens. The EOs were obtained by distillation from leaves, quantified, and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The resulting data were submitted to descriptive statistical and multivariate analyses. The concentration of EOs ranged from 0.3 to 4.2% based on dry leaves. The EOs had average contents of 33.4 and 44.9% of oxygenated and non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes, respectively. The concentration of the substance α-humulene varied from 0.3 to 11.1%, with frequency of 100%. Cluster analysis indicated the formation of 10 groups with 50% similarity among the EOs samples. The sample with the best trypanocidal activity was ESB45, with IC50% of 74.6 µg/mL and 100% inhibition of the viability of the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi at the concentration of 300 µg/mL. Tropical black sage is a source of oxygenated sesquiterpenes, an important chemical class for synthesis and development of medicines. For this reason, efforts are necessary to preserve the genetic information about the species.
Research on road performance and crack extension law of cement-phosphogypsum-red clay under dry and wet cycle
Authors: Jian Hao , Chen Kaisheng , Liu Zeyu
Published: February 2024

Aiming at the special engineering properties of red clay and the waste phenomenon of phosphogypsum solid waste resources, cement was used as the curing agent and SCA-2 as the water stabiliser to investigate the unconfined compressive strength characteristics, CBR characteristics, water stability and fissure extension law of cement-phosphogypsum-red clay under the action of dry and wet cycles, and the water stability mechanism was also explored in terms of the microstructure and mineral composition. The results show that the cement-phosphogypsum-red clay unconfined compressive strength decreases with the increase of the number of wet and dry cycles, with a large decay in the first three wet and dry cycles, and a gentle decay thereafter. The water stability of cement-phosphogypsum-red clay without SCA-2 water stabiliser was poor, and the specimens were basically destroyed after immersed in water for 3 min; the water stability of cement-phosphogypsum-red clay mixes was significantly improved with the addition of 5% dosage of SCA-2 water stabiliser. The cement-phosphogypsum-red clay CBR values increased and then gradually levelled off as the age of the curing period progressed, with the CBR value at 14 days being approximately 95% of that at 28 days.Cement-phosphogypsum-red clay under dry and wet cycling has good resistance to fracture development. The strength of cement-phosphogypsum-red clay (cement 5%, phosphogypsum 47.5%, red clay 47.5%, SCA-2 water stabiliser 5%) under dry and wet cycles meets the specification requirements, with good water stability performance and non-development of fissures, and it can be used as a filler for the bed of highway and first-class highway road base.
Development and Simulation Analysis of an Efficient Cooling System for Injection- Molded Plastic Components
Authors: Dhoble Pankaj Ganeshrao , Deshmukh Ravindra Raosaheb , Manuel Austin , Mahajan Sushant
Published: February 2024

The Injection Moulding (IM) process holds a pivotal role in plastic manufacturing, and the cooling phase, taking up nearly half of the entire cycle time, is of particular significance. The effectiveness of cooling channels plays a crucial role, exerting a substantial impact on both the quantity of production and the standard of the component. In Given the increasing prevalence of additive manufacturing (3D Printing), a viable solution to address this issue involves creating moulds with conformal cooling. This method enables accurate regulation of temperature distribution uniformity throughout the plastic solidification process in molding operations. This study is cantered around the design and simulation of various conformal cooling channel types, including hybrid, zig-zag, spiral and porous configurations. These are compared with traditional straight cooling methods for a plastic part. The comparative analysis encompasses parameters such as mould ejection temperature, shrinkage, Warpage, temperature profiles to determine which configuration is better suited for achieving uniform cooling with minimal cycle time. The investigation utilizes SolidWorks Simulation Moldflow Analysis software to scrutinize the performance outputs of the cooling channels.
The ghost of oysters past: museomics reveals isolation, low diversity and adaptive signatures of an extinct oyster population
Authors: Ewers Christine , Brandis Dirk , Silva Nicolas Antonio da , Hayer Sarah , Immel Alex , Moesges Zoe , Susat Julian , Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Krause-Kyora Ben
Published: February 2024

Understanding the factors that predispose species and populations to decline and extinction is a major challenge of biodiversity research. In the present study, we investigated the historical population genomics of an extinct oyster population from the Wadden Sea collected between 1868 and 1888, and compared it to French and British populations sampled at the same time. The Wadden Sea is a unique habitat on the northern edge of the European oyster distribution. Our museomic results indicate that the now-extinct population was genetically isolated and had a lower nuclear genomic diversity than the examined French and British populations. Furthermore, genome scans revealed signatures of local adaptation, and population-specific divergence in several loci linked to fitness-relevant traits. The Wadden Sea oysters may have been predisposed for extinction because they were not naturally replenished from other populations, and the small population size did not allow them to adapt to anthropogenically-driven environmental change. In addition, anthropogenic translocations could not successfully replenish or replace this population because these foreign oysters may have been unable to reproduce in the unique Wadden Sea habitat. In summary, the Wadden Sea oysters exhibited all intrinsic drivers expected in a population predisposed for extinction.
Fibroblast Dynamics and NR2F2 Pathway in the Development of Mouse Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis
Authors: Wan Derrick , Abbas Darren , Griffin Michelle , Guo Jason , Berry Charlotte , Valencia Caleb , Guardino Nicholas , Lavin Christopher , Fahey Evan , Kameni Leo , Momeni Arash , Januszyk Michael , Longaker Michael
Published: February 2024

Radiation induced skin fibrosis (RIF) is a debilitating sequela of radiation therapy. Fat grafting represents a primary therapeutic option, but its mechanism remains unknown. We aimed to delineate the cellular contributions to RIF and their part in the evolution of this disease. Furthermore, as fat grafting represents a therapeutic option employed clinically, we explored how this strategy may impact prevalence of various cellular subpopulations and pathways involved. C57BL/6J and ActinCre/ROSA26VT2/GK3 mice underwent radiation wounding and mice were euthanized at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8 following radiation. Fibrosis had a temporal response from week 0 to 8 with progressive increases in dermal thickness and collagen density along with changes to extracellular matrix organization and loss of vascularity. Tissue-resident cells expanded clonally in response to radiation injury. With single cell RNA sequencing, five transcriptionally distinct fibroblast subpopulations were identified, creating the first murine atlas for RIF. Dynamic alterations in subpopulation prevalence were appreciated in fat grafted mice, and downregulation of the NR2F2 pathway was associated with improvement of RIF.
Spatial shift of small pelagic fish in North-West Africa related to long-term intense warming and local decrease in marine productivity
Authors: SARRE Abdoulaye , DEMARCQ Hervé , KEENLYSIDE Noel , KRAKSTAD Jens-Otto , AYOUBI Salaheddine EL , JEYID Ahmed Mohamed , FAYE Saliou , MBAYE Adama , SIDIBEH Momodou , BREHMER Patrice
Published: February 2024

Along the coast of North-West Africa, fish supply is important at both socio-economic and cultural levels while threatened by climatic changes. To assess the impact of climate change on the distribution of small pelagic fish, a comprehensive trend analysis was conducted using data from 2,363 trawl samplings and 170,000 km of acoustics sea surveys spanning the period 1995–2015. The approach included estimating eight northern small pelagic species' presence and acoustics spatial distribution of the sardinella. The analysis incorporated key environmental variables, including sea temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, and a wind-based Ekman upwelling index. The Southern Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) was divided into five distinct ecological areas, extending from Morocco to Senegal, providing a spatialized perspective on the dynamic changes unfolding within these characteristic areas. Then, yearly averages of the monthly data per area were calculated. Strong warming is reported in all five areas. Over 34 years, from 1988 to 2021, several discernible trends emerged, with the southern CCLME experiencing increases in both wind speed and upwelling intensity, particularly in areas where the coastal upwelling was already the strongest. Despite upwelling-induced cooling mechanisms, sea surface temperature increased in most areas, indicating the complex interplay of climatic-related stressors in shaping the marine ecosystem. Concomitant northward shifts in the distribution of sardinella and other species were attributed to long-term warming trends in sea surface temperature (SST). As a result, the abundance of Sardinella aurita, the most abundant species along the coast, has increased in the subtropics (north part) and fallen in the intertropical region (south part). Independent environmental and ecological observational time series confirm a northward shift of around 180 km in one decade for S. aurita, while S. maderensis did not move significantly. Spatial shifts in biomass from 30 to 145 kilometers were observed for six other exploited small pelagic species, similar to those recorded for surface isotherms. An intensification in upwelling intensity within the northern and central regions of the system is documented without change in marine primary productivity. In contrast, a stable upwelling intensity is reported in the southern region (Senegal), which is associated with a decline in primary productivity. These environmental differences were associated with several small pelagic species beyond national boundaries whose recent overexploitation adds a new threat to their sustainable future in the whole region. Such changes must motivate common regional policy considerations for food security and sovereignty in all West African countries sharing the same stocks.
Evaluation of Maternal Patient Experience Through Natural Language Processing Techniques: The Case of Twitter Data in The United States During COVID-19
Authors: Banik Debapriya , Madathil Sreenath Chalil , Lopes Amit Joe , Fong Sergio A. Luna , Mukka Santosh K.
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The healthcare sector constantly investigates ways to improve patient outcomes and provide more patient-centered care. Delivering quality medical care involves ensuring that patients have a positive experience. Most healthcare organizations use patient survey feedback, such as HCAHPS, to measure patients' experiences. The power of social media can be harnessed using artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to provide researchers with valuable insights into understanding patient experience and care. Our primary research objective is to develop a social media analytics model to evaluate the maternal patient experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method
We used the "COVID-19 Tweets" Dataset, which has over 28 million tweets, to evaluate patient experience using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and extract tweets from the US with words relevant to maternal patients. The maternal patient cohort was selected because the United States has the highest percentage of maternal mortality and morbidity rate among the developed countries in the world.
Results
We created word clouds, word clustering, frequency analysis, and network analysis of words that relate to “pains” and “gains” regarding the maternal patient experience, which are expressed through social media.
Conclusion
This model will help process improvement experts without domain expertise understand various domain challenges efficiently. Such insights can help decision-makers improve the patient care system. We also conducted a preliminary study to discover if a particular group faces racial health inequity.
Antiplasticizing effect of triethyl citrate on an isosorbide-based polycarbonate
Authors: HAN Ruiqi , kida Takumitsu , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: February 2024

The effects of triethyl citrate (TEC) on the viscoelastic properties of a copolycarbonate comprising isosorbide and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (ISB-PC) were studied in both the molten and solid states. TEC acted as an antiplasticizer for ISB-PC and increased its modulus in the glassy state, as demonstrated in a blend comprising 10 wt% TEC. Because antiplasticization reduces the free volume fraction, the water content of the copolycarbonate films, which is known to affect various properties, decreased following the addition of TEC. Furthermore, TEC greatly decreased the zero-shear viscosity. The experimental values were much lower than those predicted by the Berry–Fox formula. This suggested that the monomeric frictional coefficient was reduced. In other words, a small amount of TEC greatly enhances the flowability of ISB-PC.
Implementing WHO Thinking Healthy Program in A Population of Iranian Pregnant Women with Depression and its Impact on Infant Outcomes
Authors: Botyar Maliheh , Banaem Lida Moghaddam , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Esmaeilinasab Maryam , Ahmadi Fazlollah
Published: February 2024

Background
Maternal depression during pregnancy and after delivery can affect the mother's relationship with the baby as well as the physical growth and development of the child. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Thinking Healthy Program (THP) of the World Health Organization (WHO) which is an evidence-based intervention for the treatment of depression in in pregnant women, on infant outcomes up to 6 months after birth.
Method
This interventional study was conducted on 80 depressed pregnant women, completing all relevant questionnaires from August 2021 to March 2022, in Tehran, Iran, who were randomly divided into 2 groups of 40 participants in intervention (THP provided by healthcare liaisons) and control group (receiving routine care), and followed up to 6 months after delivery. Beck, Edinburgh, Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were completed for all participants, and anthropometric indices of the newborn, child development, breast feeding, and gastrointestinal infections were assessed in the infants.
Result
In the 80 infants studied, weight at birth (3249.5 vs. 3042.5gr, P-value: 0.03), weight difference (birth- 4 months; 4354 vs. 4084 g, p-value: 0.02), height difference (4–6 months; 3 vs. 1 cm, P-value: 0.001), head circumference difference (4–6 months; 2 vs. 1 cm, P-value: 0.001), and ASQ score at 6 months of age (290 vs. 265, P-value: 0.001) were higher in the infants of the intervention group. Diarrhea (10% vs. 52.5%, P-value: 0.001) and respiratory infections (7.5% vs. 40%, P-value: 0.001) were less frequent, and 6 months exclusive breastfeeding rates (85% vs. 27.5%, P-value: 0.001) were higher in the intervention group; thus showing the effectiveness of THP.
Conclusion
This program led to the promotion of infant outcomes in the field of growth and development, and showed that this program can be implemented in Iran's health system and is effective for improving the health of children.
The perspectives of clinical level medical students on animal-assisted therapy -A study in Ghana
Authors: Ameade Evans Paul Kwame , Amoah Linda Ama Owusuaa , Ofori Benjamin Yeboah
Published: February 2024

Background The role of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in complementary and alternative medicine is well acknowledged. AAT is widely patronized, in developed countries such as USA, Canada, and many European countries, but less so in developing countries in Africa including Ghana. For persons in developing African countries and elsewhere to benefit from AAT, healthcare professionals must be acquainted with it to recommend it to their patients when necessary. This study therefore assessed the perspectives of clinical-level medical students on AAT.Method A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a cross-sectional study from 206 randomly selected clinical-level medical students of the University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS (Version 26) and the results were presented in Tables and charts. The association between demographic variables and the knowledge and attitude of the students were determined using ANOVA, while bivariate Pearson’s correlation was used to measure the relationships between continuous variables. Associations are considered significant when p-value < 0.05.Results The knowledge about AAT among the medical students was very poor (0.971 ± 2.407 over 10; 9.7%); almost all of them (≈ 99.0%) had very little or no exposure to AAT in school or at home. The attitude of the students was however averagely positive (3.845 ± 0.748 over 7; 54.9%), with a perceived health benefit of ATT score of 4.768 ± 1.002 (68.1%). The motivation of the students to acquire more knowledge and skills about AAT mostly through lectures and practical sessions (70.9%) was good (4.809 ± 1.221; 68.7%). Female students were significantly more knowledgeable about AAT than their male counterparts (1.5 versus 0.6; p-value = 0.006). Although no other sociodemographic characteristics had any significant association with knowledge, attitude, and perception of benefit variables, a positive significant relationship existed between them.Conclusion We conclude that the knowledge about AAT among medical students is woefully inadequate and this is worrying given the beneficial complementary role of AAT in achieving SDG 3. Medical schools and healthcare regulators could incorporate alternative medicine in the training and continuous professional development of medical practitioners to improve their knowledge and practice of AAT.
The Relationship between Perioperative Serum Albumin and Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Dong , Yan Gaoliang , Qiao Yong , Sun Renhua
Published: February 2024

Objective
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a common complication in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Studies have shown that perioperative serum albumin levels may play a role in the occurrence of CI-AKI. This study aimed to investigate the effect of perioperative serum albumin (delta Albumin or &Alb) on the occurrence and long-term prognosis of CI-AKI after PCI.
Methods
A total of 959 patients who underwent PCI between January 2017 and January 2019 were selected for the study. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of &Alb in predicting CI-AKI after PCI. Patients were divided into two groups based on the optimal cut-off value: the high &Alb group (&Alb ≥ 4.55 g/L) and the control group (&Alb < 4.55 g/L). The incidence of CI-AKI and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) was compared between the groups. Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictors of long-term prognosis after PCI.
Results
Of the 959 patients, 147(15.3%) developed CI-AKI after PCI. The CI-AKI group had a higher level of delta Albumin than the non-CI-AKI group ([6.14 (3.90–9.10) versus 3.48 (4.31–6.57), P < 0.01)]. The incidence of CI-AKI in the high & Alb group was significantly higher compared to the low group (23.6% versus 8.3%, P<0.01). After a 1-year follow-up, the incidence of MACE was significantly higher in the high delta Albumin group than in the low group (18.6% versus 14.5%, P = 0.030). Cox regression analysis confirmed that CI-AKI was an independent predictor of MACE at the 1-year follow-up (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04–1.96, P = 0.028). In addition, patients with low preoperative serum albumin had a significantly higher incidence of MACE than those with high preoperative serum albumin (23.2% versus 19.5%, P = 0.013).
Conclusion
In summary, baseline high delta Albumin levels are an independent risk factor for CI-AKI in patients after PCI. Furthermore, the occurrence of CI-AKI in the perioperative period is also an independent predictor of long-term prognosis after PCI. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring delta Albumin levels and taking steps to prevent CI-AKI in patients undergoing PCI.
Overexpression of multiple cytochrome P450s contributed to resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in different geographical populations of Aphis gossypii
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Ren-Fu , Liu Hai-Yang , Ding Rui-Feng , Lv Ming-Yuan , Liang Ge-Mei , Yao Ju
Published: February 2024

Aphis gossypii is a destructive pest of cotton, and its serious insecticide resistance is an important threat to the safe production of cotton in Xinjiang. To investigate the differences in resistance mechanisms of cotton aphid to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in different geographical regions, the sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains of cotton aphids from Yarkant and Jinghe were established indoors (Yarkant sulfoxaflor-resistant strain: RR = 43.12-fold, Yarkant acetamiprid-resistant strain: RR = 39.77-fold, Jinghe sulfoxaflor-resistant strain: RR = 40.77-fold, Jinghe acetamiprid-resistant strain: RR = 34.16-fold). The synergist and activity of detoxification enzyme assays showed that the resistance to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid in cotton aphids from Yarkant and Jinghe was associated with the increase of P450s activity. Transcriptome analysis showed that 11 P450 genes were differentially expressed in sulfoxaflor- and acetamiprid-resistant strains in Yarkant and Jinghe (|log2 Fold change| ≥ 1 and P-value < 0.05), and their expression varied not only among different resistant strains but also among different cotton aphid populations. The function of overexpression genes CYP380C45, CYP380C46, CYP6CY13, CYP6DC1 and CYP6CY24 involved in resistance were further validated by using RNAi. Knockdown of CYP380C45 of cotton aphids in all resistant strains could increase the sensitivity to sulfoxaflor or acetamiprid. Silencing of CYP6DC1 and CYP380C46 expression increased the sensitivity of cotton aphids to sulfoxaflor or acetamiprid in Yarkant and Jinghe resistant strains respectively. And the knockdown of CYP6CY13 increased the sensitivity of Yarkant sulfoxaflor resistant strain to sulfoxaflor, the knockdown of CYP6CY24 increased the sensitivity of Jinghe sulfoxaflor resistant strains to sulfoxaflor. These results indicate that the resistance of cotton aphids to sulfoxaflor and acetamiprid is mediated by several P450 genes, and the changes of P450 genes expression in resistant strains various in different geographical cotton aphid populations and different selected type of insecticides.
MEO: Martial Eagle Optimizer Algorithm
Authors: Salehnia Taybeh , Ahmadi Mahmood , Abualigah Laith
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the method of flight and movement of Martial Eagle (Polemaetus Bellicosus) for hunting prey is used to design and Meta-Heuristic (MH) algorithm called Martial Eagle Optimizer (MEO). Martial Eagle is a large hunting bird of the falcon category, which lives in southern Africa. Its prey is very diverse and varies according to its habitat, including birds, reptiles and mammals. The Martial Eagle is even capable of hunting young pythons, baboons and other monkeys, and small deer. The optimization process by the proposed MEO is performed in three stages, two stages are related to the ExploRation Phase (ERP) and one stage is related to the ExploItation Phase (EIP). These steps are selecting the Search Space (SS) by soaring high, flying and moving along the horizon, and bending vertically in the ERP. Logarithmic spiral movement, vertical bending attack, vertical landing, and grabbing the prey are mechanism to achieve EIP the proficiency of MEO is tested using test functions as well as several engineering issues. The comparative results demonstrate that the MEO performs better than the existing algorithms, both in terms of achieving the final solution and reducing the number of Objective Function recalls.
A systematic review protocol of injuries and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines, including track cycling, mountain biking, road cycling, time trial, cyclocross, gravel cycling, BMX freestyle, BMX racing, e-sport, para-cycling and artistic cycling.
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Heron Neil
Published: February 2024

Introduction
The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to “promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines” within its 2030 Agenda. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse and synthesize the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis as well as tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included.
Discussion
This will be the first systematic review of injuries and illness across all the cycling disciplines and will aim to present the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling.
Ethics and dissemination
This paper outlines a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Since it does not involve human participants, ethical approval is not necessary. The intention is to disseminate the findings through a peer-reviewed journal and present them at a conference as well as meetings with key stakeholders, including cyclists themselves.
Trial registration This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703)
Investigating GmDWF1 in Soybean for Its Involvement in Brassinosteroid Synthesis and Plant Height Control
Authors: Xiang Xumin , Yang Hongli , Yuan Xi , Dong Xue , Mai Sihua , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Limiao , Cao Dong , Chen Haifeng , Guo Wei , Li Li
Published: February 2024

Soybeans have not adopted the Green Revolution, such as reduced height for increased planting density, which have proven beneficial for cereal crops. Our research identified the soybean genes GmDWF1aand GmDWF1b, homologous to Arabidopsis AtDWF1, and found they are widely expressed, especially in leaves, and linked to the cellular transport system, predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular vesicles. These genes are essential for the synthesis of brassinosteroids (BR). Single mutants of GmDWF1a and GmDWF1b, as well as double mutants of both genes generated through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, exhibit a dwarf phenotype. The single-gene mutant exhibits moderate dwarfism, while the double mutant shows more pronounced dwarfism. Despite the reduced stature, all types of mutants preserve their node count. Notably, field tests have shown that the single GmDWF1a mutant produced significantly more pods than wild-type plants. Exogenous brassinolide (BL) has the potential to counteract the dwarf phenotype caused by low levels of endogenous BRs. Comparing transcriptome analyses of the GmDWF1a mutant and wild-type plants revealed a significant impact on the expression of many genes that influence soybean growth. Identifying the GmDWF1a and GmDWF1bgenes could aid in the development of compact, densely planted soybean varieties, potentially boosting productivity.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug‒drug interactions in hospitalized older adults treated with direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Decaix Théodore , Kemache Kenza , Gay Pierre , Ketz Flora , Laprévote Olivier , Pautas Éric
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Polypharmacy is a frequent situation in older adults that increases the risk of DDIs, both PK and PD. DOACs are frequently prescribed in older adults, mainly because of the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). DOACs are subject to cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)-and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated PK DDIs and PD DDIs when co-administered with drugs that interfere with platelet function. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of DDIs involving DOACs in older adults and the associated risk factors at admission and discharge.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an acute geriatric unit between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022, including patients over 75 years of age treated with DOACs at admission and/or discharge, for whom a comprehensive collection of co-medications was performed.
Results: From 909 hospitalizations collected, the prevalence of PK DDIs involving DOACs at admission was approximately 17-21%, and the prevalence of PD DDIs was approximately 20-21%. Factors associated with DDIs were bleeding history [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.68], number of drugs > 6 (ORa 2.54, 95% CI 1.88-3.46) and reduced dose of DOACs (ORa 0.39, 95% CI 0.28–0.54) at admission and age > 87 years (ORa 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99), number of drugs > 6 (ORa 2.01, 95% CI 1.48–2.72) and reduced dose of DOACs (ORa 0.41, 95% CI 0.30–0.57) at discharge.
Conclusion: This study provides an indication of the prevalence of DDIs as well as the profile of DDIs and patients treated with DOACs.
Structure and immunomostimulating activity of Polysaccharides derived from the Roots and Leaves of Dandelion
Authors: Qiao Qinggang , Song Xianzhang , Zhang Cheng , Jiang Chengxi , Jiang Runshen
Published: February 2024

Two polysaccharides were obtained from dandelion roots (DPR) and dandelion leaves (DPL) via water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Both DPR and DPL were an acid heteropolysaccharide, with a molecular weight of 5.89 ×104 and 28.2 × 104 Da, respectively. Monosaccharide composition results showed that both DPR and DPL contained Man, Glc, Rha, GalA, Glc, Gal, and Ara with a molar ratios of 2.98:1.00:3.67:6.41:2.98:16.70:2.48 and 1.23:1.00:1.06:5.74:2.88:8.59:1.84, respectively. Methylation and NMR analysis showed DPR and DPL, with triple-helix conformations, were mainly composed of (1→4)-ɑ-Galp and (1→4)-ɑ-GalAp, terminated with t-ɑ-Araf, t-ɑ-Rhap, t-ɑ-Glcp and t-ɑ-Manp. DPL showed an immunoprotective effect in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced black-bone silky chickens by improving chicken growth performance, increasing the spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius indices, and promoting blood lymphocyte proliferation, the secretion of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and INF-γ) and serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the oxidative stress damage in immunosuppressed chickens was significantly reformed after DPL treatment. These findings provide useful information on the potential for application of dandelion polysaccharides as natural nutrients to enhance chicken immune and antioxidant functions.
An Investigation on the Traditional Timber Structures Reaching Heights up to 113m: Based on Fieldwork and Structural Mechanics Analysis of 'Tianche' in Sichuan
Authors: Zhu Zhenyu , Li Haiqing , Yu Jingwei
Published: February 2024

This study examines Tianche, an ancient towering timber structure used in well salt production in Sichuan, China. Originating in the Han Dynasty and maturing in the late Qing Dynasty, the Tianches can reach up to 113.32 m and represents a unique craftsmanship and structural system that is rare worldwide, yet remains largely unexplored in scholarly research. This paper systematically delineates the craftsmanship and structural principles of Tianche using a combination method of anthropological fieldwork and structural mechanics analysis. It focuses on unraveling how small-sized logs were utilized to construct these towering structures under pre-industrial conditions. The paper unveils, for the first time, the key features of the Tianche's structural system, including its self-locking mechanisms, frictional force transmission, and hollow columns. These innovations not only reinforce the structural strength and stability but also demonstrate the feasibility of building over hundred-meter-high structures using small-sized logs. This research addresses a significant gap in the study of timber structures featuring hollow, bundle-like columns with frictional force transmission, presenting new possibilities beyond mainstream structural systems. Furthermore, it discussed the distinct environmental context and cultural significance of Tianche, providing invaluable insights for future heritage conservation research and projects.