bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Osteology Lesson of Sebastiaen Egbertszn (1619)
Authors: IJpma F F A , van Gulik T M
Published: February 2017

In 1619 the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons commissioned a recognized Dutch painter to make a group portrait of the governors. This masterpiece is known as The Osteology Lesson of Sebastiaen Egbertszn. Egbertszn, praelector anatomiae (lecturer in anatomy), is depicted while demonstrating the human bones using the skeleton of an English pirate. The subject of this painting reminds us of the doctrine of osteology as part of the former surgical training. The lives and work of the represented governors of the guild and their teacher Sebastiaen Egbertszn, as well as details of the skeleton, are discussed after examination of the literature and original guild documents pertaining to the painting.

The Osteology Lesson of Sebastiaen Egbertszn (1619) is a group portrait of the governors of the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons. It represents one of a series of nine anatomy lessons commissioned in the 17th and 18th centuries. Sebastiaen Egbertszn, who was the praelector anatomiae (lecturer in anatomy) at that time, is depicted demonstrating human bone anatomy using the skeleton of an executed pirate. Egbertszn died during a plague epidemic only 2 years after the painting was delivered and the identity of the artist remains contentious to this day. It is exhibited in the Amsterdam Museum in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Read more about the stories behind this masterpiece in an essay  online.
An abscopal effect in a case of concomitant treatment of locally and peritoneally recurrent gastric cancer using adoptive T‐cell immunotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Sato Hiro , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Yoshimoto Yuya , Noda Shin‐ei , Murata Kazutoshi , Takakusagi Yosuke , Okazaki Atsushi , Sekihara Tetsuo , Nakano Takashi
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

The mechanism of abscopal effect is becoming clear by the progress of cancer immunology. A 54‐year‐old male with recurrent gastric cancer presented an abscopal effect after radiotherapy with concurrent adoptive T‐cell immunotherapy (immunoradiotherapy). Immunoradiotherapy has potential to induce abscopal effect by strengthening systemic antitumor immunity even in recurrent cancer.
NdCoO3‐Perowskit als Katalysator für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid bei erhöhten Konzentrationen
Authors: Freitag Wolfram , Kraushaar‐Czarnetzki Bettina
Published: February 2017

Der Perowskit NdCoO3 ist ein aktiver Katalysator für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid bei Reaktionstemperaturen unterhalb von 200 °C und CO‐Konzentrationen im Bereich von 5 bis mindestens 10 Vol.‐%. Ein geeignetes kontinuierliches Herstellungsverfahren ist die Tropfenpyrolyse. Dabei wird der Perowskit in großer Reinheit als rieselfähiges Pulver mit vergrößerter spezifischer Oberfläche erhalten. Durch eine Vorbehandlung des Perowskits mit Wasserstoff wird die Deaktivierung während der CO‐Oxidation vollständig unterbunden.
Reflection‐refraction effects on light distribution inside tubular photobioreactors
Authors: Marotta Gaspare , Pruvost Jeremy , Scargiali Francesca , Caputo Giuseppe , Brucato Alberto
Published: February 2017

One of the main parameters affecting autotrophic algae cultures is photon absorption distribution inside the photobioreactor. This clearly depends on the geometry of both the radiation source and the photobioreactor, as well as on algae suspension optical properties. In this work the local volumetric rate of photon absorption LVRPA in a cross‐section of a horizontal‐pipe photobioreactor was investigated by means of simplified Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, the fate of a number of photons perpendicularly hitting the photobioreactor circular section was simulated in relation to different values of algae concentration. The model takes into account refraction/reflection phenomena at the air/photobioreactor‐wall interface. Simulation results show that radiation distribution inside the photobioreactor is quite strongly affected by reflection/refraction at the air‐reactor interface. In particular, dark zones (not revealed when neglecting reflection/refraction phenomena) are observed in conjunction with unexpected radiation intensification in other zones. These phenomena are bound to affect photobioreactor performance and should therefore be considered if effective photobioreactor models are sought.
Tailored and Integrated Production of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) with Nanofibrils (CNF) through Maleic Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Chen Liheng , Zhu J.Y. , Yang Rendang
Published: February 2017

This study demonstrates the feasibility of tailored and integrated production of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with nanofibrils (CNF) from bleached pulp fibers through hydrolysis using a recyclable dicarboxylic acid. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using ranges of 15–75 wt % maleic acid concentrations, 60–120 °C temperatures, and 5–300 min reaction times. Maleic acid esterified cellulose resulted in carboxylated CNC and CNF. Furthermore, the acid‐hydrolysis solubilized xylan and depolymerized cellulose, which substantially reduced the energy input for the production of CNF through subsequent mechanical fibrillation. A combined hydrolysis factor (CHF), a measure of hydrolysis severity, was developed to map xylan dissolution and cellulose depolymerization over the entire reaction space. It was found that CHF can be used to predict the morphological and chemical properties of the resultant CNC and CNF, independent of the individual reaction process variables. This is important for process scale‐up design in order to tailor the properties of CNC and CNF for specific applications. With the low temperature hydrolysis and low energy input in mechanical fibrillation, along with the recyclability of maleic acid, the presented process has promise of achieving commercial success in the low‐cost and sustainable production of CNC and CNF.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Pharmacogenetics‐Guided Warfarin Dosing: 2017 Update
Authors: Johnson JA , Caudle KE , Gong L , Whirl‐Carrillo M , Stein CM , Scott SA , Lee MT , Gage BF , Kimmel SE , Perera MA , Anderson JL , Pirmohamed M , Klein TE , Limdi NA , Cavallari LH , Wadelius M
Published: February 2017

This document is an update to the 2011 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing. Evidence from the published literature is presented for CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2, and rs12777823 genotype‐guided warfarin dosing to achieve a target international normalized ratio of 2–3 when clinical genotype results are available. In addition, this updated guideline incorporates recommendations for adult and pediatric patients that are specific to continental ancestry.
The therapeutic T‐cell response induced by tumor delivery of TNF and melphalan is dependent on early triggering of natural killer and dendritic cells
Authors: Balza Enrica , Zanellato Silvia , Poggi Alessandro , Reverberi Daniele , Rubartelli Anna , Mortara Lorenzo
Published: February 2017

The fusion protein L19mTNF (mouse TNF and human antibody fragment L19 directed to fibronectin extra domain B) selectively targets the tumor vasculature, and in combination with melphalan induces a long‐lasting T‐cell therapeutic response and immune memory in murine models. Increasing evidence suggests that natural killer (NK) cells act to promote effective T‐cell‐based antitumor responses. We have analyzed the role of NK cells and dendritic cells (DCs) on two different murine tumor models: WEHI‐164 fibrosarcoma and C51 colon carcinoma, in which the combined treatment induces high and low rejection rates, respectively. In vivo NK‐cell depletion strongly reduced the rejection of WEHI‐164 fibrosarcoma and correlated with a decrease in mature DCs, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in the tumor‐draining LNs and mature DCs and CD4+ T cells in the tumor 40 h after initiation of the therapy. NK‐cell depletion also resulted in the impairment of the stimulatory capability of DCs derived from tumor‐draining LNs of WEHI‐164‐treated mice. Moreover, a significant reduction of M2‐type infiltrating macrophages was detected in both tumors undergoing therapy. These results suggest that the efficacy of L19mTNF/melphalan therapy is strongly related to the early activation of NK cells and DCs, which are necessary for an effective T‐cell response.
Effects of Aluminum Doping on Cobalt‐Free Lithium–Iron–Nickel–Manganese–Oxygen Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Hongxu , Liang Chenghao , Li Mian , Dai Changsong , Xiong Yueping
Published: February 2017

To decrease the cost of lithium‐ion cathode materials, cobalt‐free Li‐Fe‐Ni‐Mn‐O (FeAl000) was synthesized by a facile sol–gel method by using citric acid as the chelating agent. To enhance the electrochemical performance of FeAl000, low‐costing and environmentally friendly aluminum was added as a dopant. The Al‐doped Li‐Fe‐Al‐Ni‐Mn‐O (FeAl015) material exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The charge/discharge capacity and corresponding differential capacity curves suggested that Al‐doping activated the transformation of Mn4+ into Mn3+, and the activated Mn3+/Mn4+ redox/oxide couple contributed to an increase in the discharge capacity. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the transformation of Mn4+ into Mn3+/2+. The Nyquist and Bode curves obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that Al doping enhanced electron transfer and somewhat hampered formation of the solid–electrolyte‐interphase layer during cycling.
Adverse perinatal events, treatment gap, and positive family history linked to the high burden of active convulsive epilepsy in Uganda: A population‐based study
Authors: Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Ndyomugyenyi Donald , Pariyo George , Peterson Stefan Swartling , Waiswa Paul Michael , Galiwango Edward , Chengo Eddie , Odhiambo Rachael , Ssewanyana Derrick , Bottomley Christian , Ngugi Anthony K. , Newton Charles R. J. C. ,   the SEEDS Writing Group
Published: February 2017

Objective

To determine the prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) and describe the clinical characteristics and associated factors among a rural Ugandan population.

Methods

The entire population in Iganga/Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site (IM‐HDSS) was screened using two questions about seizures during a door‐to‐door census exercise. Those who screened positive were assessed by a clinician to confirm diagnosis of epilepsy. A case control study with the patients diagnosed with ACE as the cases and age/sex‐matched controls in a ratio of 1:1 was conducted.

Results

A total of 64,172 (92.8%) IM‐HDSS residents, with a median age of 15.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.0–29.0), were screened for epilepsy. There were 152 confirmed ACE cases, with a prevalence of 10.3/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5–11.1) adjusted for nonresponse and screening sensitivity. Prevalence declined with age, with the highest prevalence in the 0–5 years age group. In an analysis of n = 241 that included cases not identified in the survey, nearly 70% were unaware of their diagnosis. Seizures were mostly of focal onset in 193 (80%), with poor electroencephalogram (EEG) agreement with seizure semiology. Antiepileptic drug use was rare, noted in 21.2% (95% CI: 16.5–25.8), and 119 (49.3%) reported using traditional medicines. History of an abnormal antenatal period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.28; 95%CI 1.26–83.45; p = 0.029) and difficulties in feeding, crying, breathing in the perinatal period (aOR 10.07; 95%CI 1.24–81.97; p = 0.031) were associated with ACE in children. In adults a family history of epilepsy (aOR 4.38 95%CI 1.77–10.81; p = 0.001) was the only factor associated with ACE.

Significance

There is a considerable burden of epilepsy, low awareness, and a large treatment gap in this population of rural sub‐Saharan Africa. The identification of adverse perinatal events as a risk factor for developing epilepsy in children suggests that epilepsy burden may be decreased by improving obstetric and postnatal care.
Practical approaches to adverse outcome pathway development and weight-of-evidence evaluation as illustrated by ecotoxicological case studies
Authors: Fay Kellie A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , LaLone Carlie A. , Song You , Tollefsen Knut Erik , Ankley Gerald T.
Published: February 2017

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe toxicant effects as a sequential chain of causally linked events beginning with a molecular perturbation and culminating in an adverse outcome at an individual or population level. Strategies for developing AOPs are still evolving and depend largely on the intended use or motivation for development and data availability. The present review describes 4 ecotoxicological AOP case studies, developed for different purposes. In each situation, creation of the AOP began in a manner determined by the initial motivation for its creation and expanded either to include additional components of the pathway or to address the domains of applicability in terms of chemical initiators, susceptible species, life stages, and so forth. Some general strategies can be gleaned from these case studies, which a developer may find to be useful for supporting an existing AOP or creating a new one. Several web-based tools that can aid in AOP assembly and evaluation of weight of evidence for scientific robustness of AOP components are highlighted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1429–1449. © 2017 SETAC
Development of circular function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme (CGKS) on moving grids for unsteady flows through oscillating cascades
Authors: Zhou Di , Lu Zhiliang , Guo Tongqing , Yang Liming
Published: February 2017

In this paper, the circular function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme (CGKS), which was originally developed for simulation of flows on stationary grids, is extended to solve moving boundary problems on moving grids. Particularly, the unsteady flows through oscillating cascades are our major interests. The main idea of the CGKS is to discretize the macroscopic equations by the finite volume method while the fluxes at the cell interface are evaluated by locally reconstructing the solution of the continuous Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook equation. The present solver is based on the fact that the modified Boltzmann equation, which is expressed in a moving frame of reference, can recover the corresponding macroscopic equations with Chapman–Enskog expansion analysis. Different from the original Maxwellian function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme, in improving the computational efficiency, a simple circular function is used to describe the equilibrium state of distribution function. Considering that the concerned cascade oscillating problems belong to cases that the motion of surface boundary is known a priori, the dynamic mesh method is suitable and is adopted in the present work. In achieving the mesh deformation with high quality and efficiency, a hybrid dynamic mesh method named radial basic functions‐transfinite interpolation is presented and applied for cascade geometries. For validation, several numerical test cases involving a wide range are investigated. Numerical results show that the developed CGKS on moving grids is well applied for cascade oscillating flows. And for some cases where nonlinear effects are strong, the solution accuracy could be effectively improved by using the present method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFD Analysis of PEMFC Flow Channel Cross Sections
Authors: Paulino A. L. R. , Cunha E. F. , Robalinho E. , Linardi M. , Korkischko I. , Santiago E. I.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a study of single‐channel proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using computational modeling and simulation. For this analysis, the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to build a single‐phase isothermal and tridimensional fuel cell model. For the mathematical description of the catalyst layer, the flooded agglomerate model was implemented, and it proved to be more accurate than Butler‐Volmer model, which is the pre‐built model in the software. Such evidence was verified when comparing the polarization curves obtained using both models with an experimental curve. After definition of the model, the main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the flow channel cross‐section in the water distribution inside the cell, studying rectangular, trapezoidal and hybrid stepped geometries. The fuel cell with stepped channel was equivalent to the trapezoidal cell in all aspects analyzed, and both provided superior water management than the rectangular cell. However, the current generation in the rectangular design was slightly higher. It was noted that the simulation of a tridimensional model provided a better understanding of the regions where higher concentrations of water can occur, and that different flow channel designs can be used to enhance water management.
Pricing Distributed Generation: Challenges and Alternatives
Authors: Chapman Bruce R.
Published: February 2017

Most of us are aware that the electric power industry is being transformed in several significant ways. Natural gas is supplanting coal as the leading utility choice for generation. Transmission lines are creating new grid linkages, including links to utility‐scale renewable generation facilities. Finally, in certain parts of the country, mass‐market customers are investing heavily in distributed generation, chiefly photovoltaic solar power, usually via rooftop solar panels. Each development has its issues, but rooftop solar seems to generate controversy that spills into the popular press.
Genetic risk models: Influence of model size on risk estimates and precision
Authors: Shan Ying , Tromp Gerard , Kuivaniemi Helena , Smelser Diane T. , Verma Shefali S. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Elmore James R. , Carey David J. , Conley Yvette P. , Gorin Michael B. , Weeks Daniel E.
Published: February 2017

Disease risk estimation plays an important role in disease prevention. Many studies have found that the ability to predict risk improves as the number of risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the risk model increases. However, the width of the confidence interval of the risk estimate is often not considered in the evaluation of the risk model. Here, we explore how the risk and the confidence interval width change as more SNPs are added to the model in the order of decreasing effect size, using both simulated data and real data from studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms and age‐related macular degeneration. Our results show that confidence interval width is positively correlated with model size and the majority of the bigger models have wider confidence interval widths than smaller models. Once the model size is bigger than a certain level, the risk does not shift markedly, as 100% of the risk estimates of the one‐SNP‐bigger models lie inside the confidence interval of the one‐SNP‐smaller models. We also created a confidence interval‐augmented reclassification table. It shows that both more effective SNPs with larger odds ratios and less effective SNPs with smaller odds ratios contribute to the correct decision of whom to screen. The best screening strategy is selected and evaluated by the net benefit quantity and the reclassification rate. We suggest that individuals whose upper bound of their risk confidence interval is above the screening threshold, which corresponds to the population prevalence of the disease, should be screened.
Pathways from mothers' early social support to children's language development at age 3
Authors: Chang Young Eun
Published: February 2017

The relationships between early maternal social support, maternal psychological well‐being, the home learning environment, and children's language skills at age 3 in Korean families were examined. We hypothesized that maternal social support would predict children's language development through its effect on maternal psychological well‐being and the home learning environment. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the conceptual model, using data collected from 1,725 Korean families who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children. Mothers' early social support predicted children's language skills via 2 indirect paths. First, greater social support predicted more positively adjusted psychological well‐being; maternal psychological well‐being was significantly associated with the quality of the home learning environment, which in turn predicted the positive development of language skills in children. Second, greater social support predicted a better home learning environment; again, the home learning environment positively predicted children's linguistic development. The direct paths from social support to language development were not significant. Social support during the child's infancy was observed to be beneficial for stimulating the home learning environment later. A comparison between working mothers versus nonworking mothers yielded no significant differences in the relationships between the variables. The results shed light on the importance of sensitive measures of social support in order to better understand its beneficial effects on mothers and young children.

Highlights

The relationships between early maternal social support, maternal psychological well‐being, the home learning environment, and children's language skills at age 3 in Korean families were examined.

Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the conceptual model, using data collected from 1,725 Korean families who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children.

Greater social support predicted more positively adjusted psychological well‐being; maternal psychological well‐being was significantly associated with the quality of the home learning environment, which in turn predicted the positive development of language skills in children.
Bone regeneration in a rabbit critical femoral defect by means of magnetic hydroxyapatite macroporous scaffolds
Authors: Russo A. , Bianchi M. , Sartori M. , Boi M. , Giavaresi G. , Salter D. M. , Jelic M. , Maltarello M. C. , Ortolani A. , Sprio S. , Fini M. , Tampieri A. , Marcacci M.
Published: February 2017

Magnetic scaffolds have recently attracted significant attention in tissue engineering due to the prospect of improving bone tissue formation by conveying soluble factors such as growth factors, hormones, and polypeptides directly to the site of implantation, as well as to the possibility of improving implant fixation and stability. The objective of this study was to compare bone tissue formation in a preclinical rabbit model of critical femoral defect treated either with a hydroxyapatite (HA)/magnetite (90/10 wt %) or pure HA porous scaffolds at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the novel magnetic constructs was assessed with analysis of the amount of newly formed bone tissue and its nanomechanical properties. The osteoconductive properties of the pure HA were confirmed. The HA/magnetite scaffold was able to induce and support bone tissue formation at both experimental time points without adverse tissue reactions. Biomechanically, similar properties were obtained from nanoindentation analysis of bone formed following implantation of magnetic and control scaffolds. The results indicate that the osteoconductive properties of an HA scaffold are maintained following inclusion of a magnetic component. These provide a basis for future studies investigating the potential benefit in tissue engineering of applying magnetic stimuli to enhance bone formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 546–554, 2018.
Chiral Morphology of Calcium Carbonate Mineralized in Agarose Gel
Authors: Yu Pao‐Tao , Chan Jerry Chun Chung
Published: February 2017

Calcareous crystallites with chiral morphology are difficult to obtainin vitro. Using thed‐form of aspartic acid as crystal modifier, calcium carbonate with chiral morphology has been obtained in agarose gel. We show that the formation of the chiral morphology of crystallites does not necessarily involve complicated cellular processes.
Feasibility of accelerated simultaneous multislice diffusion‐weighted MRI of the prostate
Authors: Weiss Jakob , Martirosian Petros , Taron Jana , Othman Ahmed E. , Kuestner Thomas , Erb Michael , Bedke Jens , Bamberg Fabian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Notohamiprodjo Mike
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To assess the feasibility of simultaneous multislice (SMS) single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI) for accelerated diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of the prostate.

Materials and Methods

For phantom measurements a dedicated DWI phantom with different sucrose concentrations was used. In addition, 10 volunteers and 16 patients with suspected prostate cancer were examined for in vivo measurements. All examinations were performed with a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. A prototype simultaneous multislice EPI sequence (DW‐EPISMS; acquisition time 3:14 min) was acquired and compared to a single‐shot EPI sequence (DW‐EPISS; acquisition time 6:12 min) serving as a standard of reference. Different image quality parameters of EPISMS were assessed qualitatively (overall image quality, anatomic differentiability, lesion conspicuity, image noise, distortion; two independent readers; 5‐point Likert‐scale [5 = excellent]) and quantitatively (ADC‐values by calculating interclass correlation [ICC] and Bland–Altman limits of agreement [LoA] as measures for reproducibility) and compared to DW‐EPISS.

Results

DW‐EPISMS allowed for a substantially reduced acquisition time as compared to DW‐EPISS (˜50%). Bland–Altman plots revealed robust measurement repeatability for DW‐EPISMS in the phantom study. Overall image quality did not significantly differ between DW‐EPISMS and DW‐EPISS (b1500 images P = 0.5; ADC maps P = 0.7). Only in b1500 DW images was subjective image noise rated significantly higher in DW‐EPISS than in DW‐EPISMS (P = 0.006). Quantitative analysis of ADC‐values revealed not significant differences between DW‐EPISMS and DW‐EPISS (P = 0.7) and high measures for reproducibility ICC ≥0.96.

Conclusion

Simultaneous multislice DWI is feasible for accelerated prostate MRI allowing for a substantially reduced examination time with similar image quality and ADC‐values as compared to a standard of reference DWI sequence.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1507–1515.
Modeling and stator Inter‐Turn short circuit fault detection for saturable salient pole synchronous machine by a non‐linear magnetic equivalent circuit approach
Authors: Naderi P. , Ghandehari R.
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a novel and adequate model for healthy and faulty salient pole synchronous machines with and without interturn short circuit fault. The model is presented for a machine with arbitrary pole numbers, arbitrary damper bars, and stator slot numbers. The magnetic equivalent circuit with nonlinear elements is used for modeling, and numerical techniques based on Newton‐Raphson method have been approved for solving of nonlinear equations. Because the design of electric machines is based on the knee point of a B‐H curve, consideration of saturation effect is mandatory for adequate studying. Because of the saturation effect, there are some nonlinear algebraic magnetic equations, which should be solved simultaneously with differential equations. Trapezoidal technique is used for differential equations converting to algebraic type, and Newton‐Raphson method is used for a nonlinear set equation solving. Stator current signature analysis is used for stator interturn short circuit fault detection. Finally, obtained results by finite element method are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method. The proposed approach for magnetic equations based on nodal potential and reluctance mesh model equations is one of the paper novelties for the salient pole synchronous machine modeling in both healthy and faulty cases. This dynamic modeling method has less complexity compared to finite element method and pure nodal potential approaches. Solving the electric and magnetic equations by a single set of equations is the main advantage of the presented method, which has been addressed for a salient pole synchronous machine for the first time. Another advantage of the proposed study is the capability of modeling the healthy and faulty machine with interturn fault by a single model.
Institutional repositories versus ResearchGate: The depositing habits of Spanish researchers
Authors: Borrego Ángel
Published: February 2017

Despite the increase in the number of institutional repositories worldwide, most of them seem underpopulated. At the same time, scientists are apparently willing to share copies of their publications on academic social networking sites. This paper compares the availability of the scholarly output in the institutional repositories of 13 top Spanish universities and in ResearchGate (RG). Results show that just 11.1% of the articles published in 2014 by researchers at these universities were available in their institutional repository in the first quarter of 2016. However, most of the articles that were not available in institutional repositories (84.5%) were published in journals that allow the deposit of the article in some form. In contrast, 54.8% of the articles were available in full text on RG. When authors who had uploaded copies of their articles to RG but not to their institutional repository were asked about their reasons, most replies focused on two issues: ignorance about the existence or operation of the institutional repository and awareness of the advantages offered by RG.
Versatile Mechanical and Thermoresponsive Properties of Macroporous Copolymer Gels
Authors: Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Wang Qiao , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Wu Yuhang , Navale Sachin T. , Du Bing , Stadler Florian J.
Published: February 2017

Random copolymer gels ofN‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) andN‐ethylacrylamide (NEAM) are synthesized using different monomer compositions in 1:1 methanol–water mixtures. The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and rheological studies. It is observed that with the variation of the monomer compositions in the reaction mixture, the thermoresponsive, morphological, AFM, and rheological properties varied significantly. Porosity and roughness of the gels gradually increase with the gradual increase in NIPAM loading in the gels, lower critical solution temperature, mechanical strength (Young's modulus, storage modulus) significantly decreases with the increase in poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) loading in the gels. All results can be explained on the basis of the differences in thermoresponsive character of homo‐ and copolymer gels of NIPAM and NEAM in water, their composition in the reaction mixtures, and their different kind of interactions with solvents.

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Polyethylene‐Based Tadpole Copolymers
Authors: Alkayal Nazeeha , Zhang Zhen , Bilalis Panayiotis , Gnanou Yves , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: February 2017

Novel well‐defined polyethylene‐based tadpole copolymers {(c‐PE)‐b‐PS, PE: polyethylene, PS: polystyrene} with ring PE head and linear PS tail are synthesized by combining polyhomologation, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and Glaser coupling reaction. The OH groups of the 3‐miktoarm star copolymers (PE‐OH)2‐b‐PS, synthesized by polyhomologation and ATRP, are transformed to alkyne groups by esterification with propiolic acid, followed by Glaser cyclization and removal of the unreacted linear with Merrifield's resin–azide. The characterization results of intermediates and final products by high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry confirm the tadpole topology.

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Engineered Peptide Repairs Defective Adhesive–Dentin Interface
Authors: Ye Qiang , Spencer Paulette , Yuca Esra , Tamerler Candan
Published: February 2017

Failure of dental composite restorations is primarily due to recurrent decay at the tooth–composite interface. At this interface, the adhesive and its bond with dentin is the barrier between the restored tooth and the oral environment. In vivo degradation of the bond formed at the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interface follows a cascade of events leading to weakening of the composite restoration. Here, a peptide‐based approach is developed to mineralize deficient dentin matrices at the a/d interface. Peptides that have an inherent capacity to self‐assemble on dentin and to induce calcium–phosphate remineralization are anchored at the interface. Distribution of adhesive, collagen, and mineral is analyzed using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The analysis demonstrates remineralization of the deficient dentin matrices achieved throughout the interface with homogeneous distribution of mineral. The peptide‐based remineralization demonstrated here can be an enabling technology to design integrated biomaterial–tissue interfaces.

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The phenolic fraction of extra virgin olive oil modulates the activation and the inflammatory response of T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy donors
Authors: Aparicio‐Soto Marina , Sánchéz‐Hidalgo Marina , Cárdeno Ana , Lucena Jose Manuel , Gonzáléz‐Escribano Francisca , Castillo Maria Jesus , Alarcón‐de‐la‐Lastra Catalina
Published: February 2017

Scope

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by immune deregulation, which involves altered T‐cell response and imbalance of cytokine production. The phenolic fraction (PE) of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possesses anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and exerts preventive effects in murine models of immune‐inflammatory diseases, such as SLE. The present study was designed to determine the in vitro effects of the PE from EVOO on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from inactive patients with SLE and healthy donors.

Methods and results

T‐cell phenotype was investigated by flow cytometry, cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and protein expression was detected by Western blot. The PE of EVOO decreased the frequency of CD69+cells and the secretion of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and IL‐10. Moreover, PE increased the expression of I‐kappa‐B‐α and decreased extracellular signal regulated kinase phosphorylation on PBMC from patients with SLE and healthy donors.

Conclusion

PE modulates cytokine production and attenuates induced T‐cell activation, probably through NF‐κB signaling pathway, providing the first evidence that PE from EVOO has an anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory role in SLE patients and it might therefore be considered as a dietary complement in SLE management
Adaptive control of local errors for elliptic problems using weighted Sobolev norms
Authors: Garau Eduardo M. , Morin Pedro
Published: February 2017

We develop an a posteriori error estimator which focuses on the local H1 error on a region of interest. The estimator bounds a weighted Sobolev norm of the error and is efficient up to oscillation terms. The new idea is very simple and applies to a large class of problems. An adaptive method guided by this estimator is implemented and compared to other local estimators, showing an excellent performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1266–1282, 2017
Using Social Enterprises for Social Policy in South Korea: Do Funding and Management Affect Social and Economic Performance?
Authors: Kim Tae Hyung , Moon M. Jae
Published: February 2017

This study examines the way the South Korean government utilizes social enterprises as a policy alternative to promote employment and provide social services for the socially disadvantaged. As an example of “capable policy design” characterized as high levels of instrumentality and government capacity, this study focuses more specifically on the social and economic performance of Korean social enterprises. Using the Korea Social Enterprise Data, this study conducts an empirical analysis to identify how government subsidies and management quality affect the social and economic performance of social enterprises. The results show that government subsidies partially contribute to the enhancement of the enterprises' social performance and economic performance. There are mixed results regarding the effect of management quality on the social and economic performance of social enterprises. The results also suggest that general donations from citizens along with government subsidies help social enterprises pursue social performance particularly in employment of socially disadvantaged people, while corporate donations promote the provision of social services. This suggests that government subsidy is an important instrument in the birth and growth of social enterprises as well as the social and economic performance of social enterprises but should be complemented by corporate and general donations to sustain both social and economic performance in the long run. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Policy Design and Building Capacity in Local Experiments: Equalization of Public Service in China's Urban‐rural Integration Pilot
Authors: Qian Jiwei
Published: February 2017

Policy design is important, and high policy capacity is necessary for social policy‐making. Local experimentation is helpful in building capacity and therefore supporting policy design. Since 2007, China has initiated an ‘urban–rural integration’ reform to equalize the access to public services between urban and rural residents. This paper uses the Chongqing urban–rural integration pilot as a case to illustrate how and to what degree a local experiment can be useful in building policy capacity and improving policy design. Regarding the Chongqing pilot, policy capacity in administration and governance has been improved through mechanisms including coordinating government departments through a small leading group led by local leaders as well as incentivizing bureaucrats by linking quantified policy targets with officials' performance evaluations. Equalizing access to public services by facilitating the mobility of factors, including labour, credit, and land, is the key rationale in the policy design of the Chongqing pilot. Under this policy design, fiscal capacity has been enhanced significantly, and policy initiatives have been financed with an improved fiscal capacity. At the same time, however, unintended consequences in the Chongqing pilot have been observed, including misallocation of resources and underdevelopment of some dimensions of policy capacity. Institutional reforms might also have been undermined. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive proteome map of glandular trichomes of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) female cones: Identification of biosynthetic pathways of the major terpenoid‐related compounds and possible transport proteins
Authors: Champagne Antoine , Boutry Marc
Published: February 2017

Female flowers of hop (Humulus lupulus) are an essential source of terpenoid‐related compounds, which are mainly used as flavoring in the beer brewing process. The compounds involved are bitter acids, terpenophenolics, as well as mono‐ and sesquiterpenoids. In this work, we analyzed the proteome of purified glandular trichomes (lupulin glands) from female flowers, which produce and accumulate these compounds. An extensive 2D‐LC‐MS/MS analysis identified 1015 proteins. Of these, most correspond to housekeeping and primary metabolism‐related proteins, albeit predominantly including amino acid and lipid metabolism, which feeds the specialized (secondary) metabolism. Indeed, 75 proteins belong to the specialized metabolism. No less than 40 enzymes are involved in the synthesis of terpenoid‐derived compounds and 21 are predicted transporters, some of which might be involved in the transport of specialized metabolites. We discuss the possible routes involved in the intra‐ and intercellular translocation of terpenoids and their precursors. This comprehensive proteomic map of the glandular trichomes of hop female flowers represents a valuable resource to improve our knowledge on the function of glandular trichomes.
Third Bosphorus Bridge – A masterpiece of sculptural engineering
Authors: Klein Jean‐Francois
Published: February 2017

The recently completed new connection between Europe and Asia, the Third Bosphorus Bridge (Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge) has been immediately recognized as an iconic and new landmark of Istanbul region. The reason is not only the location which makes the crossing a dramatic scenery and a real experience, but of course the structure itself and also its history. Never such an audacious and extreme structure has been built like this, following a strict and severe red and straight line starting from the day of the decision to award the contract to the ICA joint Venture (Içtas/Astaldi) on the base of a project considered by the authorities as the one bringing the most satisfactory answer to their requirements, a project worked out during a competition period of finally eight weeks. And the requirements were very high, exactly at the level prerequisite for such an important structure considering its serviceability, but also its geopolitical context and its economic importance.
Anmerkungen zum Stabilitätsnachweis längsversteifter Platten unter biaxialem Druck
Authors: Hertle Robert , Mensinger Martin , Ndogmo Joseph , Köberlin Thomas
Published: February 2017

Mit Hilfe eines Ritzschen Näherungsansatzes wird das Problem des Gesamtfeldbeulens unter biaxialem Druck diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass bei einer Begrenzung der Durchbiegung der Längssteifen, wie sie in Abschnitt 9.2. der DIN EN 1993‐1‐5:2010 für Quersteifen gefordert wird, der Nachweis des Gesamtfeldbeulens nach Gl. 10.5 der Norm durch den Nachweis des maßgebenden Einzelfelds und den Stabilitätsnachweis der Längssteifen unter Berücksichtigung der zusätzlichen Abtriebskräfte aus Querdruck ersetzt werden kann. Umgekehrt kann, wie am Beispiel des Beulfelds einer Bodenplatte beim Taktschieben gezeigt wird, der Gesamtfeldbeulnachweis nach Gl. 10.5 der DIN EN 1993‐1‐5:2010 den Stabilitätsnachweis der Längssteifen nicht ersetzen. Am Beispiel des Gesamtfeldbeulens eines Stegblechs einer Brücke wird gezeigt, dass der Nachweis nach Gl. 10.5 in manchen Fällen auch zu unwirtschaftlichen Ergebnissen führen kann.
Elsterbrücke Osendorf – eine feuerverzinkte Verbundbrücke mit externer Bewehrung
Authors: Seidl Günther , Danders Andreas , Gunkel Frank , Rademacher Dennis , Pinger Thomas
Published: February 2017

Die Elsterbrücke Osendorf ist die erste Brücke in Deutschland, die in Verbundfertigteil‐Bauweise mit Walzträgern in Beton (VFT‐WIB) mit feuerverzinkter Stahltragstruktur ausgeführt wurde. Auf Grundlage von Forschungsprojekten konnte die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von dynamisch beanspruchten Stahlbauteilen beurteilt werden. Die gewählte Bauweise bietet sich in ihrer Konstruktionsart für eine Feuerverzinkung an. Ihre externe Bewehrung aus halbierten Walzträgern ist arm an Eigenspannungen und mit Längen bis 16 m leicht in der Verzinkung zu handhaben. Im Projekt Brücke Osendorf zeigte sich die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Feuerverzinkung im Hinblick auf Qualität, Kosten und Unterhalt.
Embodied versus Disembodied Information: How Online Artifacts Influence Offline Interpersonal Interactions
Authors: Tian Xiaoli
Published: February 2017

This article examines how the sheer volume of personal information recorded and searchable online (online artifacts) has transformed the situated activity system central to Goffman's dramaturgical theories. In‐depth interviews reveal that individuals believe disembodied information based on online artifacts is a more accurate representation of others than embodied information from spatially and temporally bounded face‐to‐face (FTF) processes because they represent how others have behaved over time and are attested by their online contacts. However, the n‐adic structure of online interaction leads to mismatched expectations about whether disembodied information is taken into account during FTF encounters, and consequently can result in embarrassment.
A Mindset for Career Curiosity: Emerging Leaders Working in the Digital Space
Authors: Bower Mallory , Konwerski Peter
Published: February 2017

This chapter addresses the rapid growth of American industry and a proposed framework—the mindset for career curiosity—that can be used to prepare students for quickly evolving 21st‐century digital work environments.
Demographics of polycystic kidney disease and captive population viability in pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis)
Authors: Flacke Gabriella L. , Tomkins Joseph L. , Black Robert , Steck Beatrice
Published: February 2017

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was previously diagnosed at necropsy in several pygmy hippopotami (Choeropsis liberiensis) from the Smithsonian National Zoo and Zoo Basel, suggesting a threat to the long‐term viability of the captive population. We determined the incidence and demographics of PKD in the captive population historically; we tested if the condition is linked to pedigree; we investigated mode of inheritance; we examined effects of PKD on longevity; we conducted survival analysis; and we examined long‐term population viability. Thirty‐seven percent of 149 necropsied adult pygmy hippos were affected by PKD, and it was more common in females, controlling for the overall female‐biased sex‐ratio. Prevalence increased significantly with age, but most hippos were beyond their reproductive prime before developing clinical signs; thus fecundity was likely unaffected. PKD was linked to pedigree and may exhibit X‐linked dominance, but further research is needed to definitively establish the mode of inheritance. PKD did not affect longevity, overall or within any age class. There was no significant correlation between inbreeding coefficient (F) and PKD, and the prevalence in wild‐caught and captive‐born animals was similar. Longevity for both captive‐born and inbred hippos (F > 0) was significantly shorter than longevity for their wild‐caught and non‐inbred counterparts. Demographic projections indicated the extant population will likely experience a slow increase over time, provided there are no space constraints. We conclude that although PKD is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pygmy hippos, the condition is not a primary concern for overall viability of the captive population.