bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wet or Dry?
Authors: D'Angelo Matthew , Kyle Hodgen R.
Published: November 2016

Fluid therapy has dramatically changed since its early inception nearly 200 years ago. Administration of intravenous fluid (IVF) has evolved from a "drip" technique to the algorithmic approach of the anesthetic fluid plan, and is now moving toward Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy. As the science and culture of fluid management evolves, anesthetists must remain focused on "why" anesthetic fluid matters. The purpose of IVF administration is to support tissue perfusion and maintain euvolemia. As the evidence underlying perioperative practice matures and the science of anesthesia races to meet the evolving demands of surgery, anesthetists must align knowledge generation with the individualized needs of the patient. The future of perioperative IVF therapy will be patient centric. In the near future, anesthetists will know the patient's blood volume before, during, and after the surgery. They will no longer depend on inaccurate surrogates to estimate, but have the knowledge to titrate fluids to maintain a zero balance. Practice will move away from algorithms and toward individualized fluid administration based on reproducible end points. Decisions about fluid selection, timing, and volume will be driven by patient- and case-specific requirements as specific as when a patient is typed and crossed for blood transfusion. The greatest challenge for the anesthetist in perioperative fluid therapy is to move beyond the dogmatic practices of the past and toward fluid therapy guided by patient centric evidence.
The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Anesthesia Pharmacology
Authors: Morgan Brett , Aroke Edwin N. , Dungan Jennifer
Published: November 2016

The field of pharmacogenomics seeks to identify the impact of genetic variants on drug dosing, response, metabolism, and safety outcomes. The narrow therapeutic indices for anesthesia drugs, variability of patient responses to anesthesia, and the risks associated with surgery make anesthetics and the perioperative period prime targets for pharmacogenetic research. Anesthesia providers strive to optimize anesthesia delivery and patient outcomes and to specifically reduce anesthesia-related risks and negative outcomes. Despite pharmacogenomics emerging from the field of anesthesia, the most significant advances to date in the understanding and application of genetics to pharmacology have occurred outside of anesthesiology. This chapter provides an overview of genetic concepts fundamental to understanding the pharmacogenetics of anesthesia practice and presents the current state of the science with respect to the genetic influence on the response to volatile and intravenous anesthetic agents and opioid receptor agonists commonly used in anesthesia practice. In addition, the chapter delineates U.S. Food and Drug Administration labeling tenets for pharmacogenetics, discusses clinical implications of pharmacogenomics for family members, and highlights the potential for future paradigm shifts in pharmacogenomics of anesthesia practice.
Lung-Protective Ventilation
Authors: Marley Rex A. , Simon Kaycee
Published: November 2016

Historically, mechanical ventilation of the lungs utilizing relatively large tidal volumes was common practice in the operating room and intensive care unit (ICU). The rationale behind this treatment strategy was to yield better patient outcomes, that is, fewer pulmonary complications, and a reduction in morbidity and mortality. As evidence-based practice has evolved, potential harmful effects of traditional, nonphysiological mechanical ventilation (ventilation with larger tidal volumes and the tolerance of high airway pressures) even in shortterm treatment have been shown to correlate with systemic inflammation and the development of ventilator-associated lung injury. Lung-protective ventilation principles using more physiological tidal volumes, avoiding high inspiratory plateau pressures, along with appropriate levels of positive end-expiratory pressure have been shown to decrease pulmonary complications and improve outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring ongoing ventilatory support in the ICU. In addition, current research is beginning to validate the benefit of providing more physiologic ventilator support in the operating room, particularly for high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, in minimizing acute lung injury. A review of lung-protective ventilation measures including benefits and potential side effects is presented. Additional treatment modalities and therapeutic considerations are offered for inclusion in optimal patient management.
Measures of Organizational Effectiveness: Public Sector Performance
Authors: Rahmawati A. , Haerani Siti , Taba Muh. Idrus , Hamid Nurjannah
Published: November 2016

This study aims to investigate and analyze the influence of leadership, competence, OCB behavior of an employee's performance against organizational effectiveness at 209 employees working at the regional work units (SKPD) Provincial Government of South Sulawesi. The hypothesis was tested using Structural Equation Model (Analysis of Moment Structures, AMOS version 18). The results of the study provide evidence that the leadership and competencies that can improve OCB employee for the better. Good leadership and high competence and OCB employee can increase employee performance management to a higher direction. Leadership and competence cannot increase the effectiveness of the organization towards high, while the OCB employee and management performance that can increase the organizational effectiveness.
This study aims to investigate and analyze the influence of leadership, competence, OCB behavior of an employee's performance against organizational effectiveness at 209 employees working at the regional work units (SKPD) Provincial Government of South Sulawesi. The hypothesis was tested using Structural Equation Model (Analysis of Moment Structures, AMOS version 18). The results of the study provide evidence that the leadership and competencies that can improve OCB employee for the better. Good leadership and high competence and OCB employee can increase employee performance management to a higher direction. Leadership and competence cannot increase the effectiveness of the organization towards high, while the OCB employee and management performance that can increase the organizational effectiveness.
ABCD Analysis of On-line Campus Placement Model
Authors: Aithal Sreeramana , Shenoy Varun
Published: November 2016

The Present digital and technological era has facilitated the college campus recruitment process towards a manifestation of a vibrant shift in new systems of workforce engagements. The processes like gathering and compilation of information, filing of records, and all data related administrative work are done electronically, and therefore, paperwork is considerably diminished in the new model. Significantly, very less physical campus space is utilized for interview processes, and overall, consumes minimal time as compared with more traditional recruiting methods. Therefore, a brief study is undertaken in this research to discover the practical viability, usefulness, resourcefulness and universal applicability of on-line campus placement model to Recruiters, Students, Parents, Society, and Institutions. A new model of framework analysis named ABCD analysis developed by Aithal P. S. et. al. (2015) is adopted here for arriving at appropriate theory, hypothesis or postulate constructs regarding the ubiquitous appeal of the on-line campus placements. The determinant issues are identified and affecting factors under the constructs advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages are determined under common key attributes. 158 Critical Constituent Elements (CCE) for are identified based on this analysis framework.
A Comparative Study on Corporate Governance Standards and Practices with Special Reference to Indian Banking Industry
Authors: Hameed Syed Abdul
Published: November 2016

The vital constituent of an economy are Banks. The significance of banking sector is highlighted by the fact that it is an internationally regulated industry and the banks are under the purview of financial regulators of the country. It is of pivotal significance that the banks have robust corporate governance. A new clause 49 was introduced by SEBI in the listing agreement before a decade mentioning the principles of corporate governance to be followed by the listed companies. In the following years SEBI revised clause 49 several times after incorporating the recommendation of various committees. After taking into account the various trends and factors related to corporate Governance the topic entitled. "A comparative study of corporate standards and practices with special reference to Indian Banking Industry" has been drafted to assess the structure and processes of corporate governance followed by select banks in India and their effectiveness in the content of substance and quality of reporting of corporate governance activities in the annual reports. The study also looks in to the state of compliance of key governance benchmarks in the select banks and offers suggestions to accomplish better governance standards. 
The Contribution of Rice Agriculture to Methylmercury in Surface Waters: A Review of Data from the Sacramento Valley, California
Authors: Tanner K. Christy , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Fleck Jacob A. , Tate Kenneth W. , McCord Stephen A. , Linquist Bruce A.
Published: November 2016

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative pollutant produced in and exported from flooded soils, including those used for rice (Oriza sativa L.) production. Using unfiltered aqueous MeHg data from MeHg monitoring programs in the Sacramento River watershed from 1996 to 2007, we assessed the MeHg contribution from rice systems to the Sacramento River. Using a mixed‐effects regression analysis, we compared MeHg concentrations in agricultural drainage water from rice‐dominated regions (AgDrain) to MeHg concentrations in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers, both upstream and downstream of AgDrain inputs. We also calculated MeHg loads from AgDrains and the Sacramento and Feather Rivers. Seasonally, MeHg concentrations were higher during November through May than during June through October, but the differences varied by location. Relative to upstream, November through May AgDrain least‐squares mean MeHg concentration (0.18 ng L−1, range 0.15–0.23 ng L−1) was 2.3‐fold higher, while June through October AgDrain mean concentration (0.097 ng L−1, range 0.6–1.6 ng L−1) was not significantly different from upstream. June through October AgDrain MeHg loads contributed 10.7 to 14.8% of the total Sacramento River MeHg load. Missing flow data prevented calculation of the percent contribution of AgDrains in November through May. At sites where calculation was possible, November through May loads made up 70 to 90% of the total annual load. Elevated flow and MeHg concentration in November through May both contribute to the majority of the AgDrain MeHg load occurring during this period. Methylmercury reduction efforts should target elevated November through May MeHg concentrations in AgDrains. However, our findings suggest that the contribution and environmental impact of rice is an order of magnitude lower than previous studies in the California Yolo Bypass.

Core Ideas

We studied the impact of rice production on MeHg at the watershed scale.

MeHg concentration was elevated in agricultural drainage water during November through May.

Watershed‐scale MeHg loads were lower than expected based on field studies.
A New Model Using Dynamic Contact Angle to Predict Hysteretic Soil Water Retention Curve
Authors: Rafraf Samia , Guellouz Lamia , Guiras Houda , Bouhlila Rachida
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

We predicted the initial drying, main wetting, main drying, water retention, and scanning curves.

The model uses a process‐dependent contact angle determination.

An experimental water retention curve was determined on clayey soils in slurry form.

We present a water retention model able to predict the hysteretic response of soils during wetting–drying cycles. This model is an extension of the original Arya–Paris (AP) model. We improved the model—first by linking the empirical parameter in the AP model, a soil water retention model, to physical properties of the soil, like tortuosity, porosity, and the air‐entry point, and second by including the influence of hydraulic hysteresis through calculating the liquid–solid advancing and receding contact angles and taking into account the influence of volume change directly by considering the evolution of the soil water retention curves with void ratio variation. We assumed that the cyclic drying–wetting paths would depend on both void ratio and contact angle determination. Finally, our model performances were validated by comparison with experimental results on three soils in slurry form—two clays and a silty sand—and data from the literature for Hostun sand.
Expanding Teacher Comfort Zones: Developing Professionalism
Authors: Benzehaf Bouchaib
Published: November 2016

The age we live in is characterized by a constant flow of information and an ever changing set of skills. Such change produces new challenges for teachers and places new obligations on them. Research also shows that teaching quality is paramount for student success. Teachers are thus required to update their knowledge and refine their teaching skills. The present paper argues for the relevance of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) to teacher education. More specifically, it makes the point that teachers in the new millennium are called upon more than ever before to extend their ZPDs in order to help their students learn effectively in an age pregnant with new challenges. Starting with a brief overview of the concept of ZPD, the paper moves to argue for its application to teacher education. It also unveils the different stages of developing the ZPTD (zone of proximal teacher development), and the characteristics of proximal teacher development that are bound to impact positively on student learning. It ends with practical suggestions that can improve the ZPTD, like participating in conferences, joining teacher associations, and being involved in action research.
Development and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets of losartan potassium
Authors: Viswanath V. , Chandrasekhar U. , Rao B. Narasimha , Prakash K. Gnana
Published: November 2016

The objective of the present study was to develop a sustained release matrix tablets of Losartan potassium, an anti hypertensive drug. The sustained release tablets were prepared by wet granulation and formulated using different drug and polymer ratios. Hydrophilic natural polymers like xanthan Gum (XG), guar gum and cellulose were used. Compatibility of the drug with various excipients was studied. The compressed tablets were evaluated and showed compliance with Pharmacopoeial limits. Formulation was optimized (F2) on the basis of acceptable tablet properties and in vitro drug release. The resulting formulation produced matrix tablets with optimum hardness, consistent weight uniformity and friability. All tablets but one exhibited gradual and near completion sustained release for losartan potassium and 90.88% released at the end of 12h. The results of dissolution studies indicated that formulation F2 (drug to polymer 1:2) is the most successful of the study and exhibited drug release pattern very close to theoretical release profile. A decrease in release kinetics of the drug was observed on increasing polymer ratio. Applying exponential equation, all the formulation tablets (except F2) showed diffusion-dominated drug release. The mechanism of drug release from F2 was diffusion coupled with erosion.
Issues Related to Occupational Safety during Work with Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Malyshevska Olga , Myshchenko Iryna , Suslyk Zoriana
Published: November 2016

Labor conditions of  junior medical staff at oncological institutions and risks arising in the course of their work are considered in the present article.Topicality.   Monitoring of hygienic conditions of labor which was conducted at cancer oncological institutions of  Ukraine has shown that 80-85% of junior medical staff’ work conditions do not correspond to requirements of occupational health and safety standards and refer to harmful and dangerous category of work.That’s why research focused on health protection of junior medical staff during work with carcinogens as well as introduction of newest health and safety procedures into learning process are very actual and advanced.Research statement. Most anticancer drugs that are used for oncology patients’ treatment have expressed non-selective, toxic effects on the body as well as mutagenic, carcinogenic influence. However, not only treated patient’s organism is affected by such exposure but junior medical staff that prepares, administrates and does utilization of drugs as well. That’s why this category of medical staff needs maximal protection. Also their work conditions require maximal control and correspondence to occupational safety rules.  Aim of the article. Introduction of questions related with occupational safety during work with anticancer drugs to the learning process of discipline “Occupational safety in the kind of business”. The main goal of this introduction is informing and teaching of further medical workers of procedures’ complex that form safety work conditions at the work with anticancer drugs.Substantiation of necessity of introduction questions related to occupational safety during work with anticancer drugs in training program of junior medical staff with the aim of safety conditions arrangement.
Pengaruh Pemindahan Perpustakaan Umum Kabupaten Rembang ke Lokasi Pariwisata Pantai Kartini Terhadap Minat Kunjung Pemustaka
Authors: Kamaliyah Athiyah , Rumani Sri
Published: November 2016

The aim ofthis research are (1) to know the influence of Rembang Public Library transfer to Kartini Beach tourism area toward animo of visits to the libratyt (2) to know user perception about Rembang Public Library transfer to Kartini Beach tourism area (3) to know animo of visits to Rembang Public Library. This was a quantitative research that used correlation method between location (independent variable) and animo of visits (dependent variable). Data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentation. Data analysis used product moment correlation and processed using SPSS version 17 for Windows. The result of the study showed there was significant correlation between location and animo of visits. Score of correlation was 0.632 at significance level 5% r table is 0.202. The Rembang public library transfer to Kartini Beach tourism area belonged to good category whereby grand mean of location variable was 2.86. Animo of visits also belonged to high category whereby grand mean was 3.01.
Penerapan Senyum Pustakawan Sebagai Keterampilan Sosial di Perpustakaan
Authors: Islamy Ali Nurhasan
Published: November 2016

A smile is not the movement of the lips without meaning. A smile is a facial expression that shows interest in things that make us love seeing it So a smile shows an expression, may it be happiness, satisfaction, joy or love towards something. Library services need a good interaction between users and librarians, one of these interactions through non verbal communication is smiling. This research was conducted as librarians found it difficult to smile for some reasons. Smile is done only at certaintimes. A smiling librarian will make other librarians and library users respond with a smile too, so there will be a positive interaction, with a conducive atmosphere. But there are various kinds of smile; cynical smile, the seductive smile, stoic smile and sincere smile. A sincere smile is hard to do, therefore it requires a method or trainingfor someone to get accustomed to a smile. First, look in the mirror. Two, smile in the family. Three, smile training using a Chopstick. Four, use "Grin-O-Meter". The library should prioritize a smile training programme. In the end, a smile can be familiarized in the service of every library in Indonesia. Keyword: smile, social skills, library service
Menumbuhkan Perpustakaan Komunitas : Study Kasus Pada Taman Baca di TK Melati Ceria School Surabaya dan Taman Baca di TK Aisyiah 06 Surabaya
Authors: Puspitasari Dewi
Published: November 2016

Community library is one of the alternative libraries that arise among community members. It is initiated by a particular groups of people who have concerns over the low reading habits among community members. These people hoped that by forming a community library will increase reading interest among community members.A research on this community library is done to study such initiative. This research was done by observing two kindergarten, those were TK Melati Ceria and TK Aisiyah 06. Both of these school have a reading corner that was established and nurtured by the Library of the Airlangga University.Using a qualitative descriptive method, this research aimed to understand the development of these reading corners and to examine if these reading corners grew into community libraries or not. The result of this research showed that since 2011, both TK Melati Ceria and TK Aisiyah 06 run well. The books donated by Airlangga University Library, are well used, although some are worn out due to frequent use. Both the corners has turned into community libraries, and yet, they operate just like any other school libraries.
Sindrom ‘Frigophobia’
Authors: Aswin Indah Megawati
Published: November 2016

Seorang ibu 1 rumah tangga berusia 45 tahun melaporkan bahwa selama delapantahun belakangan merasa mudah sekali merasa dingin. Terutama ketika ia pergi ke tempat-tempat ber-AC atau berangin. Ia juga merasa bahwa angin atau AC menusuk kulit dan seluruh tubuhnya. Selama tujuh tahun sebelumnya, ia merasa sakit kepala, mati rasa, mabuk, dan mengalami insomnia. Akibatnya ia menghindari menggunakan bis karena takut terkena hembusan angin. Tidak hanya itu, ia berhenti bekerja dan tinggal di rumah dan menghindari tempat ber-AC ketikaberbelanja. Atribut yang digunakan pada saat berbelanja adalah wig serta pakaianberlapis-lapis. Hal itu dilakukan agar melindunginya dari angin. Ketika malam,ia menggunakan selimut bahkan waktu udara sedang hangat.
Ritual Penyembuhan dalam Shamanic Psychotherapy (Telaah Terapi Budaya di Nusantara)
Authors: Khair Nuzulul
Published: November 2016

Berbicara 1 masalah pengobatan, baik itu pengobatan fisik maupun psikis, seringkali dibedakan antara pengobatan tradisional dan pengobatan modern. Modern dalam konteks ini berarti biomedis, sedangkan kata tradisional mengesan-kan bahwa pengobatan yang dipraktikkan sejak zaman dahulu (sebelum pengobatanbiomedis di nusantara) yang dipertahan kan sampai saat ini dalam bentuk yangrelatif utuh. Maka, tidak mengherankan kalau pengobatan tradisional sering diaso-siasikan dengan tempat dan manusia yang masih dianggap tradisional, yaitu identikdengan kampung, dengan budaya lokal etnis tertentu dan orang-orang sederhanayang kurang berpendidikan.
Komunikasi sebagai Motor Melihat Realitas Bersama (Kajian Shared Reality Theory)
Authors: Rahmawati Intan
Published: November 2016

Sebagaimakhluk sosial, setiap individu memiliki keinginan untuk menjalinhubungan dengan individu lain. Individu dianggap dewasa secara sosial apabilatelah mampu berhubungan orang lain yang berarti mampu menjadi anggotamasyarakat dan berperan di dalamnya. Sears, Freedman, dan Peplau (1999)menerangkan bahwa hubungan antar manusia memiliki beragam bentuk. Beberapabentuk terjadi karena dipilih dengan bebas, ditentukan oleh individu denganbeberapa alasan khusus, bahkan beberapa bentuk hubungan lainnya terjadi secarakebetulan. Misalnya saja kasih sayang antara orangtua dengan anaknya, keinginanuntuk menjalin hubungan cinta kasih antara dua orang yang lain jenis, persaingansehat antara pemain bola yang sedang bertanding adalah sekelumit contoh ragambentuk hubungan antar manusia.
Sistem Perburuan Landak Moncong Panjang (Zaglossus bruijnii) pada Masyarakat Kampung Waibem dan Kampung Saukorem Tambrauw, Papua Barat
Authors: Awak Tresia Frida , Fatem Sepus , Yohanita Aksamina
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sistem perburuan landak moncong panjang (Zaglossus bruijnii) oleh masyarakat kampung Waibem dan Saukorem, Kabupaten Tambrauw. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Waibem dan Saukorem selama 1 bulan, yaitu sejak bulan Juli-Agustus 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik observasi lapangan dan wawancara semi struktural yang mengacu pada daftar kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umumnya masyarakat Kampung Waibem dan Saukorem melakukan perburuan dengan 3 (tiga) tujuan, yaitu untuk dikonsumsi, dijual, dan sebagai hiburan. Masyarakat Kampung Waibem dan Saukorem berburu landak moncong panjang dengan menggunakan jerat, parang, bantuan anjing, dan berburu secara visual (bantuan mata). Waktu berburu landak moncong panjang adalah sehabis hujan, bulan sabit, dan pada malam hari. Pengembangan ekowisata berbasis satwa landak moncong panjang menjadi salah satu strategi untuk menambah pendapatan masyarakat pada kedua kampung serta secara perlahan-lahan mengurangi tingkat perburuan masyarakat.Kata kunci: sistem perburuan, Zaglossus bruijnii, landak moncong panjang, Saukorem Village, Waibem Village Hunting system of long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijnii) by Waibem and Saukorem local communities, Tambrauw Regency, West PapuaAbstractThe objective of this research was to investigate hunting system of western long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijnii) by Waibem and Saukorem Local Communities, Tambrauw Regency in Papua Province of Indonesia during July to August 2014. The observation technique and semi-structural interview were carried out by asking local people through questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive method. The result shows that local people in Waibem and Saukorem villagers generally do hunting for consumption, commercial/sale and hobby. The hunting method used by these communities were lasso, chopping knife, dog, and visual hunting. Hunting time of western long-beaked echidnais normally done after rain, crescent moon, and during night. Eco-tourism development is expected to increase the income of local people as well as reducing hunting pressure of this species.
Tingkat Pendapatan Curahan Tenaga Kerja pada Hutan Rakyat di Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Achmad Budiman , Purwanto Ris Hadi , Sabarnurdin Sambas
Published: November 2016

Tenaga kerja pada usaha hutan rakyat belum diperhitungkan sebagai faktor produksi yang penting sehingga menyebabkan pendapatan dari hutan rakyat kurang optimal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pendapatan dan alokasi tenaga kerja pada pengelolaan hutan rakyat serta hubungannya dengan karakter petani. Data dikumpulkan selama bulan Mei sampai Juli 2010 di Desa Ciomas, Desa Kalijaya, dan Desa Kertaharja melalui wawancara pada 60 petani yang dipilih secara sengaja. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisa menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan rata-rata luas pemilikan hutan, usaha hutan rakyat menyumbangkan pendapatan pada petani di Desa Ciomas, Kalijaya, dan Kertaharja Kabupaten Ciamis berturut-turut sebesar Rp 6.641.783,-/th; Rp 8.029.358,-/th, dan Rp 6.302.431,-/th. Mayoritas tenaga kerja di Desa Kalijaya dan Desa Ciomas Kabupaten Ciamis dialokasikan untuk mengelola hutan rakyat yaitu sebesar 104,77 HKP/ha/th dan 216,93 HKP/ha/th, sedangkan alokasi tenaga kerja di Desa Kertaharja sebesar 210,05 HKP/ha/th. Potensi penyerapan tenaga kerja pada sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Ciamis tergolong tinggi, yakni lebih dari 75%. Dalam hubungannya dengan alokasi tenaga kerja, secara umum usia petani mempunyai korelasi positif sedangkan luas lahan mempunyai korelasi negatif.Kata kunci: potensi serapan, alokasi tenaga kerja, pendapatan, hari kerja pria (HKP), luas lahan. Incomes and labor allocation in community forests in Ciamis RegencyAbstractLabor for private forest business has not been considered as an important production factor, which it makes the incomes from the private forests is unfavourable. The research was carried out to find out the incomes and labor allocation on private forests management as well as their correlation to farmer characteristics. Data were collected during May to July 2010 at Ciomas, Kalijaya and Kertaharja villages by interviewing sixty purposively selected farmers. Data were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative description. The results revealed that on the basis of land width ownership, the business earned an income to the farmers in Ciomas, Kalijaya and Kertaharja villages of Ciamis district were 6,641,783 IDR/year; 8,029,358 IDR/year, and 6,302,431 IDR/year, respectively. The labors in Kalijaya and Ciomas villages of Ciamis district were mostly allocated to manage private forests i.e. 104.77 MDW/ha/year and 216.93 MDW/ha/year respectively as labors allocation in Kertaharja village were 210.05 MDW/ha/year. The potency of labor absorption level on agriculture sectors in Ciamis district defined as high, which was more than 75 percent. In relation to labor allocation, generally, ages of farmers had positive correlation while the land width had negative ones.
Modeling The Fate of Sumatran Elephants in Bukit Tigapuluh Indonesia: Research Needs & Implications for Population Management
Authors: Moßbrucker Alexander Markus , Imron Muhammad Ali , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Pratje Peter-Hinrich , Sumardi Sumardi
Published: November 2016

The critically endangered Sumatran elephant persists in mainly small and isolated populations that may require intensive management to be viable in the long term. Population Viability Analysis (PVA) provides the opportunity to evaluate conservation strategies and objectives prior to implementation, which can be very valuable for site managers by supporting their decision making process. This study applies PVA to a local population of Sumatran elephants roaming the Bukit Tigapuluh landscape, Sumatra, with the main goal to explore the impact of pre-selected conservation measures and population scenarios on both population growth rate and extinction probability. Sensitivity testing revealed considerable parameter uncertainties that should be addressed by targeted research projects in order to improve the predictive power of the baseline population model. Given that further habitat destruction can be prevented, containing illegal killings appears to be of highest priority among the tested conservation measures and represents a mandatory pre-condition for activities addressing inbreeding depression such as elephant translocation or the establishment of a conservation corridor.Keywords: Elephas maximus sumatranus; population viability analysis (PVA); Asian elephant; elephant conservation; Vortex Pemodelan Kelestarian dari Gajah Sumatera di Bukit Tigapuluh Indonesia: Kebutuhan Penelitian dan Implikasi untuk Manajemen PopulasiAbstractGajah Sumatera yang berstatus kritis sebagian besar bertahan dalam populasi kecil dan terisolasi membutuhkan pengelolaan intensif agar dapat tetap lestari dalam jangka panjang. Analisis Viabilitas Populasi (Population Viability Analysis, PVA) berpeluang untuk digunakan sebagai sarana evaluasi atas tujuan dan strategi konservasi yang disusun sebelum implementasi, yang akan sangat bermanfaat bagi pengelola kawasan guna mendukung pengambilan keputusan. Studi ini menggunakan PVA pada populasi lokal gajah Sumatera yang menjelajahi lanskap Bukit Tigapuluh, Sumatera, dengan tujuan utama mengeksplorasi dampak atas skenario upaya konservasi dan populasi terpilih terhadap laju pertumbuhan populasi dan probabilitas kepunahan. Uji sensitivitas menunjukkan adanya ketidakpastian atas sejumlah parameter pokok yang seharusnya diteliti untuk meningkatkan kekuatan prediksi atas baseline model populasi. Mengingat kerusakan habitat yang lebih parah dapat dicegah, untuk itu upaya penangkalan pembunuhan ilegal merupakan prioritas tertinggi di antara upaya-upaya konservasi yang sudah diuji dan menjadi prasyarat wajib untuk menjawab masalah kemungkinan dampak perkawinan sedarah (inbreeding depression) seperti translokasi gajah atau membangun koridor konservasi.
Zona Ekowisata Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir di Kecamatan Katingan Kuala, Kabupaten Katingan, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Melalui Pendekatan Ekologi Bentang Lahan
Authors: Birawa Cakra , Sukarna Raden Mas
Published: November 2016

Wilayah laut dan pesisir beserta sumberdaya alamnya memiliki pengaruh strategis terhadap pengembangan ekonomi Indonesia karena dapat diandalkan sebagai salah satu pilar ekonomi nasional. Pemanfatan dan pengelolaan kawasan pesisir yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat maupun pemerintah daerah belum mencerminkan aspek-aspek kelestarian dan keberkelanjutan. Untuk mendukung hal tersebut, perlu dikembangkan zona ekowisata yang mampu meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari zona ekowisata kawasan konservasi pesisir di Kecamatan Katingan Kuala Kabupaten Katingan, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah melalui pendekatan ekologi bentang lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari seluruh luas wilayah Kecamatan Katingan Kuala (1.440 km2) dapat dikategorikan dalam empat sub zona, yaitu zona ekowisata ± 15,83 %, zona penyangga ± 31,30 %, zona inti untuk konservasi dan rehabilitasi ± 29,55 %, dan zona produksi dan ekonomi ± 23,31 %. Disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengembangan ekowisata di wilayah pesisir ini harus serasi dan selaras dengan upaya konservasi, perlindungan, dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup secara menyeluruh.Kata kunci:  zonasi ekowisata, ekologi bentang lahan, konservasi pesisir, pembangunan keberlanjutan, Katingan Kuala. Ecoutourism Zone of Coastal Conservation Area through Landscape Ecology Approach in Katingan Kuala Sub-regency, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province AbstractMarine and coastal areas as well as their natural resources have strategic effects towards the economic development of Indonesia because they are reliable to be one of the pillars of the national economy. Utilization and management of coastal areas either conducted by the community or local government have not reflect the conservation and sustainable aspects. To support these conditions, it is necessary to develop ecotourism zone, which is able to improve the local economies. This research aimed to study ecotourism zone of the coastal conservation area in Katingan Kuala Sub-district, Central Kalimantan Province through landscape ecology approach. The results showed that the total area of Katingan Kuala Sub-district, which is1,440 km2, could be categorized into four sub-zones, i.e. ecotourism zone is ±15.83 %, buffer zone is ± 31.30 %, core zone for conservation and rehabilitation is ± 29.55 %, and production and economic zone is ± 23.31 %. It was concluded that ecotourism development in these coastal areas should be in harmony with the conservation, protection, and preservation of the environment as a whole.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN KODIM DALAM PENANGANAN TANGGAP DARURAT BENCANA ALAM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN WILAYAH (STUDI DI KODIM 0613/CIAMIS JAWA BARAT)
Authors: Hediarto Ito
Published: November 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Optimalisasi Peran Komando Distrik Militer 0613/Ciamis Dalam Penanganan Tanggap Darurat Bencana Alam Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah.Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, yang dilakukan terhadap 10 orang, yaitu Komandan, Staf dan anggota Kodim 0613/Ciamis, selain itu juga melalui observasi serta studi pustaka untuk diperoleh data lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan jawaban bahwa Kodim 0613/Ciamis dapat berperan maksimal dalam menangani tanggap darurat bencana alam di Kabupaten Ciamis Jawa Barat. Kegiatan dilakukan melalui  pengkajian secara cepat dan penentuan status terhadap lokasi kerusakan dan sumber daya, penyelamatan atau evakuasi dan perlindungan kelompok rentan, pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, serta pemulihan kondisi darurat.Kegiatan pengkajian cepat dilakukan bila ada informasi bencana di wilayah Ciamis, dengan segera informasi tersebut diolah, penyelamatan atau evakuasi dilakukan oleh Kodim 0613/Ciamis setelah terjadi bencana dan bekerjasama dengan BPBD Kabupaten Ciamis, pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar dilakukan oleh Kodim 0613/Ciamis dalam rangka melaksanakan program tanggap darurat bencana, pemulihan kondisi darurat dilakukan kerjasama antara aparat TNI, Polri, dan masyarakat serta pemerintah daerah. Keberhasilan Kodim 0613/Ciamis dalam menangani tanggap darurat memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap situasi kondisi sosial di Kabupaten Ciamis, dan berimplikasi terhadap ketahanan wilayah Kabupaten Ciamis yang meliputi ketahanan idiologi, ketahanan politik, ketahanan ekonomi, ketahanan sosial budaya dan ketahanan pertahanan keamanan.Untuk lebih mengoptimalkan  peran dari Kodim 0613/Ciamis dalam menangani tanggap darurat, maka perlu diciptakan mekanisme yaitu Dandim diberikan peran yang lebih besar dalam mengambil tindakan saat tanggap darurat. Bupati dapat menunjuk Komandan Kodim sebagai komandan posko tanggap darurat Incident  Commander (IC), sehingga Dandim dapat mengambil tindakan cepat dalam menolong dan mengevakuasi korban serta mengembalikan kondisi lingkungan yang rusak akibat bencana. Kodim 0613/Ciamis dapat dijadikan sebagai model dalam penanganan bencana bagi wilayah lainnya.
PERAN PEMUDA RELAWAN DEMOKRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT PADA PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2014 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN POLITIK WILAYAH (STUDI PADA RELAWAN DEMOKRASI BANYUMAS, JAWA TENGAH)
Authors: Fuad Zamzam Muhammad
Published: November 2016

This research was going to described the role of Banyumas Democracy Volunteer ( Relawan Demokrasi Banyumas) in increasing political public partitipation in Banyumas’s legislative election 2014 and its implication to Banyumas’s political resilience. This research used qualitative research design as a research method. Data were collected by in depth review, observation and documentation. This research used purpossive sampling technique with stakeholder sampling variant to pick informants. The research showed that Banyumas Democracy Volunteer had a positive role in developing political resilience in Banyumas. Their role was gave political education and election education to voters in Banyumas. In the other words, Banyumas Democracy Volunteer had a vital role in developing ideal political resilience in Banyumas.Keywords: Banyumas Democracy Volunteer, Democracy, Election, Political Resilience of Region.
AKSESIBILITAS PEMILU 2014 DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN POLITIK (Studi Tentang Persepsi Mahasiswa Penyandang Disabilitas Di Pusat Layanan Difabel UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta)
Authors: Merly Mario
Published: November 2016

Aksesibilitas masih menjadi permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan Pemilu 2014. Ketimpangan terhadap aksesibilitas Pemilu bagi para penyandang disabilitas tentunya akan menimbulkan sebuah persepsi tersendiri mereka terhadap pelaksanaan Pemilu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Pengambilan subyek penelitian dilakukan secara purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria yang diinginkan peneliti. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas masih menilai buruk implementasi perundang-undangan yang telah banyak mengatur aksesibilitas. Pijakan regulasi tidak mampu dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh penyelenggara Pemilu untuk mendesain Pemilu yang aksesibel bagi penyandang disabilitas. Hal yang patut diperhatikan adalah sikap politik mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas telah cukup baik. Ketika kebijakan aksesibilitas tetap diabaikan dan tidak menjadi perhatian pemerintah, maka pada akhirnya peran politik mahasiswa penyandang disabilitas bisa menjadi rentan karena berwujud sikap kehilangan kepercayaan (public trust) terhadap pemerintah. Implikasi terhadap hal ini sangat rentan mempengaruhi ketahanan politik, karena tanpa kepercayaan publik maka kunci penting dalam membangun masyarakat yang demokratis tidak akan terwujud.
An Empirical Study on the Announcement of Corporate Quarterly Results in India
Authors: Saravanakumar S. , Mahadevan A.
Published: November 2016

Announcement of quarterly results is the course of communicating the performance of a company to its
owners. Investors’ long-term buying decisions are largely based on the earnings stream of the firm. In
order to show the progress of the company, the earnings position is revealed as per the listing
agreement at a regular interval. Normally a higher earnings than the previous quarter earnings should
be welcomed by the market. This should be associated with greater return after the result is announced.
All higher return after the announcement cannot say to be due to the earnings results. To find out the
impact of results on returns, the impact of other factors in returns is to be segregated. The impact of
other factors in return is taken from the index which is nothing but the market return. The
announcement of earnings is unique and specific to a company, to study its impact on the market place,
the impact of other factors is removed, that is why the period is limited to 32 days and the return is
calculated for 31 days. This study examines abnormal returns of earnings announcement during the
pre-announcement and post announcement period. This study is based on samples of 50 Nifty
companies listed on National Stock Exchange, exhibited that investors do not gain value from earnings
announcement. Indeed shareholders earned little value over a period of 15 days prior to the earnings
announcement through to 15 days after the announcement. The lower return may be partially
compensated because of the current earnings yield. This study also indicates that announcement of
result does not convey any useful information to the investing community, which needs to be further
investigated.
Spam E-mail Advertisements for Cosmetics / Beauty Products and Consumer Behavior
Authors: Fogel Joshua , Raghupathi Viju
Published: November 2016

Consumers receive spam e-mail solicitations for cosmetics and beauty products. We analyze responses
from 200 college students with regard to opening and reading this spam e-mail and also clicking
through and purchasing the product advertised in this spam e-mail. With regard to opening and reading
spam email about cosmetics/beauty products, women and also increasing scores for learning more
information online about cosmetics/beauty products were both significantly associated with increased
odds for opening and reading this spam e-mail. With regard to purchasing the cosmetics/beauty product
advertised in the spam e-mail, increasing scores for trust in the Internet to provide accurate
information about cosmetics/beauty products was significantly associated with increased odds for
purchasing. Marketers who use ethical approaches and are interested in sending e-mail information to
prospective college student customers about cosmetics/beauty products should keep in mind the
importance of conveying trust.
Managing Global Competition in Affiliative Societies A Case of India
Authors: Dayal Ishwar , Ghosh Somonnoy
Published: November 2016

Business organizations that are based on strong relationship among employees across all organizational levels are known to demonstrate consistent performance in the areas of innovation and customer service. In affiliative societies, family relationships and child rearing practices lead to a strong need for belongingness, acceptance and dependence among people. This paper discusses how these attributes, deep rooted in the culture of affiliative societies, can manifest as strength rather than a weakness in organizations. The paper discusses the characteristics of such ‘family-like’ or affiliative organizations with live examples. It also identifies differences between these and those that are commonly referred to as employee-centered organizations.
Corporate Branding in Botswana: A Content Analysis of Visual Brand Elements
Authors: Mburu Paul , Matenge Tendy , Amanze Donatus , Makgosa Rina
Published: November 2016

The topic of corporate branding has stimulated immense academic attention. However, as the thrust of research on corporate branding concentrates on the West, little remains known about how firms in developing nations in Sub Sahara Africa deal with the challenge to communicate a sustainable image through branding. Therefore, the current study investigates specific corporate brand visual elements utilised by firms in Botswana as tools for communication, identification and differentiation. A sample of about 350 brands from different industries was collected from the local print media and content analysed. Overall findings demonstrate that a majority of firms in Botswana utilize a combination of full names, colour, logos and taglines in their corporate brands. Most frequently used being the full names that represent the background of the firm, blue or black colours that correspond to national colours, symbolic logos and taglines that emphasize the personality traits of competence and sincerity as well as the industry in which the firm operates. The significant use of a combination of visual elements signifies the importance that local firms attach to corporate branding. However, there is a need to improve on the use of taglines and consistency in the use of visual elements to exploit the advantages of corporate identity.
Organizational Ethics Programs and the Need for Stakeholder Discourse
Authors: Zakhem Abe Joseph
Published: November 2016

More than ever, businesses are called upon to manage organizational ethics programs. There are, as of yet, no internationally accepted guidelines for doing so. Some find in the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines a framework that fits this need (Palmer & Zakhem, 2001; Izraeli & Schwartz, 1998; Jackson, 1997). As they stand, the Guidelines offer little insight as to what constitutes “ethical conduct.” This in itself is not a problem. Indeed, the question of what business ethics demand is for the most part an “open” question and one that should be regularly revisited to better understand and properly act on changing stakeholder demands (Freeman, 2008). What does constitute a problem, however, is that the Guidelines offer no suggestions as to how an organization ought to work through, in a morally acceptable way, inevitable stakeholder conflict over what is good and right. Following Jürgen Habermas’s insights on discourse ethics, this paper states that the lack of a substantive and discursive procedural ethic threatens ethics program effectiveness. This article expands upon these claims and offers some thoughts about the mutually beneficial role that discourse ethics can and ought to play in effective ethics program management.
A Preliminary Study of the Emerging and Developing Stock Market of China
Authors: Long Hai
Published: November 2016

The Chinese share market as an emerging and fast-growing listing venue has experienced a significant development since 2000.Prior studies on this market overwhelmingly concentrate on IPO-pricing-related and post-IPO performance-based propositions with lagging data. Adopting the updated data within the last couple of years, this paper comprehensively explores and accounts for some striking features of the Chinese stock market, and unfolds some new causes contributing to these characteristics.

Some new findings are revealed. 1) Two new factors may lead to the extreme under pricing in China’s market, which are the unseasoned investor sand their high demands of IPO shares. 2) The foreign-currency trading platform is not effective and efficient to attract the overseas investors. 3) The imbalanced industry structure of the listed firms is very significant, the Chinese share market is dominated by the manufacturing firms.4) The Growth Enterprise Market of China is essential to address the long-standing financing difficulties for the Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, which are unqualified to raise capital from the Primary Stock Market.