bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Intrusive Inference Reduced Order Model for Fluids Using Deep Multistep Neural Network
Authors: Xie Xuping , Zhang Guannan , Webster Clayton G.
Published: June 2019

In this effort we propose a data-driven learning framework for reduced order modeling of fluid dynamics. Designing accurate and efficient reduced order models for nonlinear fluid dynamic problems is challenging for many practical engineering applications. Classical projection-based model reduction methods generate reduced systems by projecting full-order differential operators into low-dimensional subspaces. However, these techniques usually lead to severe instabilities in the presence of highly nonlinear dynamics, which dramatically deteriorates the accuracy of the reduced-order models. In contrast, our new framework exploits linear multistep networks, based on implicit Adams-Moulton schemes, to construct the reduced system. The advantage is that the method optimally approximates the full order model in the low-dimensional space with a given supervised learning task. Moreover, our approach is non-intrusive, such that it can be applied to other complex nonlinear dynamical systems with sophisticated legacy codes. We demonstrate the performance of our method through the numerical simulation of a two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder with Reynolds number Re = 100. The results reveal that the new data-driven model is significantly more accurate than standard projection-based approaches
Percutaneous insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter is a safe and effective technique irrespective of BMI
Authors: Xie Dayang , Zhou Jianhui , Cao Xueying , Zhang Qingtao , Sun Yanli , Tang Li , Huang Jing , Zheng Juanli , Lin Li , Li Zhenzhen , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei
Published: June 2019

Background

A large body mass index (BMI) has been considered as a relative contraindication for percutaneous catheter insertion, although this technique has many advantages. Up to now, there are few studies on peritoneal catheter placement and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with large BMI can also choose the percutaneous technique for peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion.

Methods

187 consecutive patients underwent peritoneal catheter insertions in the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, with 178 eligible cases being included in the analysis. Two groups were created based on the catheter insertion techniques, the percutaneous group (group P) and the surgical group (group S). Subgroups were created according to BMI>28 or≤28. The outcomes included catheter related complications and catheter survival.

Results

Total infectious complication rates were significantly lower in group P than in group S. The late peritonitis rates tended to be lower in group P than in group S, although the difference was not significant. There were no significant differences in all other measured complications between the two groups. Though the one-year infection-free catheter survival in group P was 7.5% higher than group S, the difference was not significant. The one-year dysfunction-free catheter survival, one-year dysfunction-and-infection-free catheter survival, and overall catheter survival were similar between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed a superior one-year infection-free catheter survival of percutaneous technique in patients with BMI>28, which was confirmed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Conclusions

Despite the challenges that may be encountered with patients who have a large BMI, the percutaneous technique is a safe and effective approach to placing a peritoneal dialysis catheter.
To the question about rational choice between original and generic drugs: arguments to use the first
Authors: Khodzhaev N. S. , Starostina A. V.
Published: June 2019

Issues of safety and efficacy of drugs attracts much attention worldwide. The growing use of generics and the lack of stringent requirements to research focused on their biological and therapeutic equivalence are causing concern of ophthalmologists. The literary review presents hypotensive properties and physical characteristics of the major original and generic hypotensive eye drops.
Advantages of dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry in primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostics
Authors: Zagidullina A. Sh. , Aznabaev B. M. , Lakman I. A. , Islamova R. R. , Sattarova R. R.
Published: June 2019

Purpose. To study tonometry parameters features, measured by different methods, taking into account individual morphometric eye parameters and biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral shell in patients with the initial and the advanced stages of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Material and methods. 51 patients (99 eyes) aged 48–82, with the initial (45 eyes) and advanced stages (54 eyes) of POAG were examined. The control group consisted of 31 patients (62 eyes) aged 47–83 without ophthalmic pathology. In addition to standard ophthalmologic examination, tonometry was performed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., the USA).

Results. The main tonometry parameters of ORA revealed significant differences between POAG patients and the control group. No significant difference in the central corneal thickness (CCT) was found between the POAG and the control group. Patients with I and II stages of glaucoma taken separately showed differences in CCT and tonometry parameters.

Conclusion. Dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry enables to take into account the changes in viscoelastic properties of the corneoscleral eye shell, and definitely has diagnostic advantages in examining patients with various stages of POAG.
Failure iridocapsular fixation of IOL in patients with lens subluxation (preliminary report)
Authors: Ioshin I. E. , Tolchinskaya A. I. , Dubrovskaya S. A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose. To present the preliminary results of iridocapsular fixation of RSP-3 extracapsular IOL in patients with lens subluxation observed within the first year after surgery.

Material and methods. 4 patients with cataracts and initial weakness of Zinn ligament fibers were followed up. YAG laser iridectomy was performed one day before facoemulsifcation surgery, which took account of Zinn ligament fiber weakness: it consisted in anterior continuous circular capsulorhexis with a diameter of about 5 mm, fixation of the capsular bag over the edge of capsulorhexis with four iris-capsular retractors (ICRs), phacoemulsification of the nucleus and aspiration of lens masses. The intracapsular ring and the RSP-3 IOL (the latter in the injector through the main incision) was implanted in such a way as to locate the rear support element in the capsular bag, and the front support element, in front of the pupil. After removing the ICRs, iridectomy was monitored.

Results. The early postoperative period was uncomplicated. After 10 days, one patient was found to develop a relative pupillary block with the anterior chamber becoming shallower and IOP increased to reach 28 mm Hg. The reason was that iridectomy initially located in the projection area of the rear support element. An additional iridectomy arrested the situation. Visual acuity varied from 0.3 to 1.0 due to the initial state of the optic nerve and retina. The position of the IOL remained stable throughout the year, the capsular bag was unfolded.

Conclusion. The possibility to use the capsular bag of the lens under the conditions that Zinn ligament fibers are weak should be considered as an advantage of the technology presented. An additional front support element serves to prevent dislocation of the IOL and the capsular bag as a whole. The obtained positive results of combined iridocapsular fixation of the IOL justify a more extensive clinical testing of the method in cases of weak Zinn ligament fibers.
Success predictors of selective laser trabeculoplasty in primary angle-closure glaucoma: a long-term follow-up
Authors: Kurysheva N. I. , Lepeshkina L. V. , Shatalova E. O.
Published: June 2019

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness and the factors predictive of long-term failure of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with the initial stage of primary angle-closure (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Materials and methods. 65 PACG patients (65 eyes) and 65 POAG patients (65 eyes) were observed for 6 years. SLT was considered to be successful if its hypotensive effect consisted in an IOP decrease ³ 20 % achieved without any additional hypotensive treatment by antiglaucoma drop instillations or any hypotensive intervention (repeated SLT, antiglaucoma surgery, cataract phacoemulsification). The effectiveness was assessed using the Kaplan — Meier survival analysis. To determine the factors predictive of SLT, one-factor Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used. Results. The hypotensive effect of SLT achieved was, for PACG and POAG, respectively, (1) 82 and 84 % one year after surgery; (2) 62 and 68 % two years thereafter, (3) 59 and 63 %, three years thereafter, (4) 34 and 42 %, four years thereafter, (5) 26 and 38 %, five years thereafter, (6) 4 and 8 % thereafter (log rank test, p = 0.234). The predictors of SLT failure were common for both forms of glaucoma in Cox regression analysis, namely: initial IOP > 24 mm Hg (OR = 1.184, p = 0.029 for PACG and OR = 1.156, p = 0.010 for POAG), corneal hysteresis < 9,5 mm Hg (OR = 1.441, р = 0.022 for PACG and OR = 1.486, р = 0.030 for POAG), corneal thickness < 540 μm (OR = 1.586, р=0.021 for PACG and OR =1.648, p =0.030 for POAG), reduced thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer < 90 μm (OR = 1.231, p = 0.014 for PACG and OR =1.194, p = 0.027 for POAG) and age > 68 years (OR = 1.162, p = 0.040 for PACG and OR = 1.167, p = 0.000 for POAG). The additional failure predictors for PACG were the span of exposure to SLT < 180 0 (OR = 1.686, p = 0.004) and lens thickness > 4.86 mm (OR = 4.841, p = 0.001). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, trabecular pigmentation degree and the type of antiglaucoma drugs taken before SLT were not found to be significant predictors of SLT effectiveness.

Conclusion. SLT is an effective method of treating initial POAG and PACG after laser iridotomy. The long-term effect of SLT in both forms of glaucoma is affected by the initial IOP, glaucoma stage, and the patient’s age. The most important role in PACG is played by the span of SLT exposure and the size of the lens..
Differential diagnosis of retinal capillary hemangiomas and vasoproliferative tumors
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Kiseleva T. N. , Novikova A. Yu. , Ryabina M. V. , Ilyukhin P. A. , Ramazanova K. A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose. To propose the major differential diagnostic criteria of retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH) and vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) aimed at increasing the efficiency of the diagnosis of these diseases.

Material and methods. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination off 19 (26 eyes) patients, aged 19 to 66 (ave. 31.89 ± 11.30 yrs), with vascular neoplasms of peripheral localization included, beside the standard techniques, fundus photoregistration, fluorescent angiography (FAG), optical coherence tomography of the retina and a combined ultrasound testing using B scanning, echographic densitometry, colour Doppler imaging (CDI), and pulse Doppler imaging.

Results. Based on the analysis of the clinical picture and the results of the tests performed, the following differential diagnostic criteria were proposed: the age at which RCH and VPT developed, their localization in the eye fundus, and the value of the maximal systolic blood flow velocity in the central vein of the retina.

Conclusion. Differential diagnostics of RCH and VPT requires combined approaches and should take into account, in addition to case history and the clinical picture, also the results of instrumental testing techniques: FAG, echography and CDI.
The state and dynamics of the wavefront of the eye in children with different refractions engaged in regular sport activities (badminton)
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Tarasova N. A. , Markossian G. A. , Khodzhabekyan N. V. , Harutyunyan S. G. , Georgiev S.
Published: June 2019

The paper isaimedat comparing the level of aberrations, structure of the wavefront, and its response to cycloplegia in children with different refractions before they started practicing badminton regularly and after a year’s duration of this practice.

Material and methods.40 children (80 eyes) with refractive errors from +6.63 to -6.75 D (average -1.28 ± 2.28 D) aged 7 to 11 years (average 9.24 ± 1.06 years) were examined before the practice, 6 months after practice start (38 children, 72 eyes) and after 1 year of badminton playing (27 children, 54 eyes). All patients underwent wavefront aberrometry before and after cycloplegia on an OPD-Scan III (Nidek) aberrometer. We analyzed Zernike coefficients up to the 12th order inclusive: vertical and horizontal slope (tilt 1, tilt 2), vertical and horizontal trefoil (trefoil 6, trefoil 9), vertical and horizontal coma (coma 7, coma 8), spherical aberration (SA), mean square deviation from the ideal wavefront (RMS).

Results.SA in myopia was found to be negative, in hyperopia positive; tilt 1, tilt 2, trefoil 9, coma 7 in myopia were significantly higher, and coma 8 significantly lower than in hyperopia. The slope of the wavefront (tilt 1, tilt 2) in cycloplegia falls significantly in hyperopic eyes and does not change in myopic ones. The latter fact points to insufficient tension of Zinn ligaments in the myopic eye. Regular badminton practice results in significant changes in wavefront aberrations, indicating a strengthening of the ligaments of the lens and the normalization of the ciliary muscle tone.

Conclusions.The structure of the wavefront in children with different refractions shows significant differences. Badminton helps strengthen the ligaments of the lens.
Retinopathy of prematurity: indicators of cellular immunity in patients with various stages of the disease
Authors: Balashova L. M. , Kuznetsova Y. D. , Korobova L. S. , Kantarzhi E. P. , Mukhin V. E. , Cherkashina E. A. , Bykovskaya S. N.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: to study the role of cellular immunity in the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Material and methods. 87 children were tested, including 60 with III — V stage ROP and posterior aggressive retinopathy that had gestational age from 25 to 32 weeks at birth, aged 1 month to 1 year (study group) and 27 healthy children of the same age (control group).

Results. No statistically significant differences of immunological parameters were revealed within the groups of children aged 1 to 3 months, 3.5 to 6 months, and 6.5 to 12 months. The gestational age at birth had no effect on the parameters studied. With increasing severity of ROP amid reduced indicators of T-regulatory cells, the number of B-cells (CD19 +) grew, T-natural killer cells (CD3 -/CD16 +CD56 +) reduced significantly (p < 0.05), and the number of CD4+ T-cells reduced showing the significance of (p < 0.01–0.05).

Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the emergence of autoimmune reactions and a decrease in the level of regulatory T-cells in a premature child, more pronounced in severe stages of ROP.
The prevention and treatment of myopia in schoolchildren from grade 1 to grade 10 by restoring the ocular accommodation function
Authors: Gubarev E. I.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: to evaluate long term effectiveness of a method of restoring the accommodation function of the eye and preventing the onset and progression of myopia and to propose ways to overcome medical requirements that are difficult to meet.

Material and methods. The method consisted in prolonged installations of 1 % tropicamide eye drops and permanent optical correction that corresponded to manifest refraction. 48 schoolchildren aged 7–18 with initial myopia or signs of high risk myopia onset were followed up. The subjects were divided into 2 groups of 24 people each. Group 1 consisted of children who followed medical prescriptions and group 2 consisted of those who did not. The two groups were further subdivided into two subgroups. Subgroup 1A included 12 children with the initial positive cycloplegic refraction up to +1.0 D; subgroup 1B included 12 children with the initial negative cycloplegic refraction from -0.5 D. Subgroup 2A (12 children) had negative cycloplegic refraction who regularly failed to receive treatment (optical correction, eyedrop instillations, medical checkups), and subgroup 2B (12 children) had negative cycloplegic refraction who received practically no treatment for myopia. Regular checkups took place 2–3 times a year for 10 years and included measuring visual acuity, manifest and cycloplegic refraction by skiascopy or subjectively, as well as measuring relative accommodation reserve (RAR) according to the author’s own technique. The treatment envisaged permanent optical correction in accordance with manifest refraction until the age of 18 years, combined with courses of tropicamide 1 % instillations for 1 to 3 months two to three times a year.

Results. In group 1A, myopia was prevented in all subjects. In group 1B, the progression stopped after several years of treatment. In subgroup 2A and especially subgroup 2B, myopia progressed, over the 10-year follow-up period reaching the figures of 2.5 and 3.5 D, respectively.

Conclusion. The long-term efficiency of the proposed method applied to schoolchildren from grade 1 to grade 10 was confirmed. Ways to overcome the difficulties of following medical requirements were proposed.
Features of the visual analyzer change in the primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ioileva E. E. , Krivosheeva M. S.
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the features of visual disturbances in patient with primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis (MS). On the basis of clinical observations, it was found that, in contrast to the relapsing-remitting type of MS, the visual disturbances are accompanied by a rapidly progressive decrease in visual and oculomotor functions. The process of development of descending partial atrophy of the optic nerve with primary progressive type of MS is symmetric, in contrast to the relapsing-remitting type of the course of MS and is determined by the increase in the severity of brain structures atrophy according to MRI.
Femtosecond sub-Bowmen keratomileusis at the peak of the action of Botulinum toxin A, introduced into extraocular muscles in a patient with nystagmus: A clinical case
Authors: Khodzhabekyan N. V. , Apaev A. V. , Khandzhyan A. T.
Published: June 2019

A clinical case of excimer laser correction performed by sub-Bowman femtosecond keratomileusis at the peak of botulinum toxin A effect in a patient with high congenital anisometropic myopia and horizontal nystagmus is presented. Keratorefractive surgery improved functional visual performance and the parameters of nystagmus.
Facilities of diagnosis and monitoring of optic neuropathy in primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 1
Authors: Kiseleva O. A. , Balatskaya N. V. , Bessmertny A. M. , Kotelin V. I.
Published: June 2019

The review is focused on modern methods of instrumental diagnostics of primary open-angle glaucoma. Diagnostic possibilities and informativeness of objective measurable parameters are discussed with regard to special criteria, called clinical endpoints.
Traditional, unfairly forgotten, rarely used and promising drug delivery methods in ophthalmology: a clinical interpretation (part 1)
Authors: Kuroyedov A. V. , Brzhesky V. V. , Krinitsyna E. A.
Published: June 2019

Ocular targeted drug delivery is one of the most challenging tasks for pharmaceutical researchers and practical ophthalmologists. The possibilities of drug delivery to the eye are naturally determined by the anatomical structure of the eye and its physiological properties, which restrict the period when therapeutically required drug concentration could be maintained. Combined drug delivery schemes may, potentially, improve the patient’s acceptance of treatment, reduce side effects, increase efficacy, and eventually preserve vision.
Estimation of the gamma-percentile life for the binomial test plan
Authors: Mikhailov V. S.
Published: June 2019

In today’s industry of highly dependable, unique, complex products, it is a commonplace situation when it is required to obtain an estimate of gamma-percentile storing life (GPSL) or gamma-percentile time to failure (GPTF) (hereinafter referred to as GPL, meaning GPSL or GPTF respectively) based on tests that did not produce any failures. Normally, a test plan is classified as binomial tests or tests with limited time and recovery. GPTF is understood as the operation time during which no failure occurs with the probability γ expressed as percentage. Similarly, GPSL is understood as the total schedule time of product storage during and after which the product is able to perform the required function with the probability γ expressed as percentage.

The Aim of this paper is to find such estimate of GPL that would be simple and more efficient as compared to the conventional one and not significantly inferior to the efficient estimate, if such exists, in terms of proximity to the GPL estimate in case a binomial test plan is used.

Methods of research. The research of efficient estimates is based on the integrative approach that uses the construction of the choice rule (criterion) of efficient estimate specified on the vertical sum of biases of estimates selected out of a certain set based on the function of the distribution law parameter.

Conclusions. The obtained estimate of GPL is simple and more efficient as compared to the conventional one and not significantly inferior to the efficient estimate, if such exists, in terms of proximity to the GPL estimate in case a binomial test plan is used. The obtained estimate of GPL has significant advantages, i.e. the estimate is efficient within a sufficiently wide range of estimates, it allows obtaining a value based on the results of tests that did not produce any failures. The obtained estimate of GPL is recommended for failure-free tests conducted using a binomial plan.
Method of dependability assessment of spacecraft in design and engineering studies
Authors: Gecha V. Ya. , Barbul R. N. , Sidniaev N. I. , Butenko Yu. I.
Published: June 2019

The paper examines the matters of operational dependability of space systems (SS), efficiency of complex systems, use of redundancy in spacecraft (SC) design. It presents methods of predicting the dependability of designed devices, design of devices with desired dependability and comparison of dependability of various SS. For that purpose, the authors set forth the fundamentals of the dependability theory for SS design, methods of collection and processing of data of equipment dependability based on the results of operation and special dependability tests. Methods, mathematical models are developed, the equipment architecture at the stage of design and manufacture is analyzed. The paper also cites the design ratios for various tested types of redundancy, lifetime extension of SC units based on the residual operating life estimation method. The existing methods of dependability analysis are classified and examined. The authors outline the problems of ambiguity of information of the input data in case of classical computing. The effect of nominal deviations of the external effects, irregularity of the failure rate, non-linear nature of the effect of external factors on the dependability are examined. The paper also takes a look at the way the external factors affect the dependability and the degree to which such factors are taken into consideration in the existing methods. It is noted that the qualitative, technical and organizational (design and software) requirements for dependability in the technical specifications for each stage of elements and SS development, shall be observed and confirmed at the respective stage of activities. The paper presents the methods of estimation of technical item operating life with the focus on those based on the physical premises of operating life depletion. Attention is drawn to the importance of the economic aspect in the research dedicated to SS lifetime extension.
Economic assessment of the accidental risk of natural emergencies for train traffic
Authors: Popov V. G. , Sukhov F. I. , Bolandova Yu. K.
Published: June 2019

Aim. The paper is dedicated to the evaluation of the risk of transportation accidents caused by natural emergencies affecting train traffic on a specific line. The ever-growing anthropogenic burden on the environment inevitably causes climate change that, in turn, gives rise to higher numbers of extreme weather events. The latter usually cause industrial accidents and disasters. The assessment of the factors of climate-related risk that quantitatively characterize their effect on the railway infrastructure is the starting point of calamity risk management and adaptation of human activities to the ever-changing climate.

Methods. The authors propose a method of risk assessment that takes into consideration the effect of various natural emergencies that affect rolling stock in motion. The method is based on elements of the probability theory and mathematical statistics. The developed method enables the assessment of the risk of a transportation accident caused by natural emergencies specific to not only a line, but a route on a railway network.

Results. For the Nevinnomysskaya – Tuapse line that includes 6 sections of the North Caucasus Railway, one of which was damaged due to abundant precipitations on October 24 and 25, 2018, the risk of transportation accident caused by the effects of three types of natural emergencies on the sociotechnical system of this line has been calculated:

– flood,

– hurricane with wind strength of over 22 mps,

– heavy rain.

The parameters of such emergencies are characterized by the following factors:

– frequency as compared to other types of emergencies,

– average annual number of natural emergencies,

– characteristic spatial scale of the natural emergency,

– characteristic duration of the natural emergency.

The conditional probabilities of the effects on the railway sociotechnical system of an event that has characteristic spatial scale and duration and has caused a transportation accident involving a train were estimated based on the assumption that a train flow in space follows the normal Erlang distribution of the k-th kind. The risk of transportation accident involving up and down trains travelling along the i-th line of the j-th railway caused by a hazardous effect of a natural emergency of the m-th type is identified subject to the jointness of events. Using the discounting method, an equation was obtained for estimating the mathematical expectation of economic damage by traffic safety disturbances, which allowed estimating the economic component of the risk.

Conclusions. As the result, a method is proposed for estimation of the risk of transportation accidents caused by natural emergencies, an example is provided of such risk estimation, including the economic component, for the Nevinnomysskaya – Tuapse line.
Study of the beta-factor model application for common cause failure modeling
Authors: Antonov A. V. , Chepurko V. A. , Cherniaev A. N.
Published: June 2019

Aim. Common cause failures (CCFs) are dependent failures of groups of certain elements that occur simultaneously or within a short period of time (i.e. almost simultaneously) due to a single common cause (e.g. a sudden change of climatic operating conditions, flooding of premises, etc.). A dependent failure is a multiple failure of several elements of a system, whose probability cannot be expressed as a simple product of the probabilities of unconditional failures of individual elements. ССА probabilities calculation uses a number of common models, i.e. the Greek letter model, alpha, beta factor and their variants. The beta-factor model is the most simple in terms of simulation of dependent failures and further dependability calculations. Other models, when used in simulation, involve combinatorial enumeration of dependent events in a group of n events that becomes labour-intensive if the number n is high. For the selected structure diagrams of dependability, the paper analyzes the calculation method of system failure probability with CCF taken into account for the beta-factor model.

The Aim of the paper is to thoroughly analyze the beta-factor method for three structure diagrams of dependability, research the effects of the model parameters on the final result, find the limitations of beta-factor model applicability.

Methods. The calculations were performed using numerical methods of solution of equations, analytical methods of function studies.

Conclusions. The paper features an in-depth study of the method of undependability calculation for three structure diagrams that accounts for CCF and uses the beta-factor model. In the first example, for the selected structure diagram out of n parallel elements with identical dependability, it is analytically shown that accounting for CCF does not necessarily cause increased undependability. In the second example of primary junction of n elements with identical dependability, it is shown that accounting for CCF subject to parameter values causes both increased and decreased undependability. A number of beta factor model parameter values was identified that cause unacceptable values of system failure probability. These sets of values correspond to relatively high model parameter values and are hardly practically attainable as part of engineering of real systems with highly dependable components. In the third example, the conventional bridge diagram with two groups of CCFs is considered. The complex ambivalent effect of beta factor model parameters on the probability of failure is shown. As in the second example, limitations of the applicability of the beta-factor model are identified.
Real-World Use of Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Online Survey and Analysis of Self-Reported Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Braune Katarina , O'Donnell Shane , Cleal Bryan , Lewis Dana , Tappe Adrian , Willaing Ingrid , Hauck Bastian , Raile Klemens
Published: June 2019

Background

Patient-driven initiatives have made uptake of Do-it-Yourself Artificial Pancreas Systems (DIYAPS) increasingly popular among people with diabetes of all ages. Observational studies have shown improvements in glycemic control and quality of life among adults with diabetes. However, there is a lack of research examining outcomes of children and adolescents with DIYAPS in everyday life and their social context.

Objective

This survey assesses the self-reported clinical outcomes of a pediatric population using DIYAPS in the real world.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to caregivers to assess the hemoglobin A1c levels and time in range (TIR) before and after DIYAPS initiation and problems during DIYAPS use.

Results

A total of 209 caregivers of children from 21 countries responded to the survey. Of the children, 47.4% were female, with a median age of 10 years, and 99.4% had type 1 diabetes, with a median duration of 4.3 years (SD 3.9). The median duration of DIYAPS use was 7.5 (SD 10.0) months. Clinical outcomes improved significantly, including the hemoglobin A1c levels (from 6.91% [SD 0.88%] to 6.27% [SD 0.67]; P<.001) and TIR (from 64.2% [SD 15.94] to 80.68% [SD 9.26]; P<.001).

Conclusions

Improved glycemic outcomes were found across all pediatric age groups, including adolescents and very young children. These findings are in line with clinical trial results from commercially developed closed-loop systems.
Web-Based Health Information Seeking Among Students at Kuwait University: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Ashkanani Hasan , Asery Rabab , Bokubar Fajer , AlAli Noor , Mubarak Shahad , Buabbas Ali , Almajran Abdullah
Published: June 2019

Background

Owing to the revolution in technology, the internet has become an important aspect of people’s lives. Modern technology is enabling people from diverse educational backgrounds to use the internet for several purposes, one of which is health information seeking. Recently, Web-based health information has become more popular among patients all over the world and among the general public.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the use of Web-based health resources among undergraduate students from different faculties at Kuwait University.

Methods

The study employed a cross-sectional design with students selected from 8 faculties of Kuwait University, 4 faculties of Literature and 4 faculties of Science. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and analysis was done using a chi-square test and binary logistic regression to determine the factors associated with seeking health information on the Web.

Results

The sample size obtained was 1132 with a response rate of 90.27% (1132/1254). Overall, the prevalence of students seeking Web-based health information was 92.66%. (1049/1132) The most significant factors associated with seeking health information on the Web were age, gender, faculty, year of study, primary source of internet, and level of experience with internet use. In total, 90.0% (325/361) of students who were aged older than 21 years used Web-based health information compared with 82.8% (275/332) of those who were aged 18 years. In addition, female students showed a higher prevalence (829/934, 88.8%) of Web-based health information seeking than males (210/270, 77.8%). Students who majored in faculties of Science were more likely to seek health information than those who majored in faculties of Literature. All the differences found in the study were statistically significant (P<.05).

Conclusions

The study concluded that many people use the internet for seeking health information. Sociodemographic factors have a significant association with Web-based health information seeking. Therefore, doctors must educate the public about the health information websites that can be trusted.
“How Do I Stop Checking Things?” Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Praptomojati Ardian
Published: June 2019

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is the fourth most common mental disorder and WHO classifies it as one of the ten most disabling medical conditions. OCD patients have difficulty in controlling the disturbing thoughts accompanied by ritualistic behavior performed by the patient as a way to reduce anxiety or fear that leads to distress and significant dysfunction in their everyday life. Studies using neuroimaging techniques indicated a number of abnormal functions in the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nuclei in OCD patients. Abnormalities in one or more neurotransmitters such as serotonin, glutamate, GABA, and dopamine were also found to be associated with the mechanism of the brain circuitry associated with OCD symptoms. Genetic factors were proven to also contribute considerably to OCD. This article is a literature study on OCD, especially from a neuropsychological perspective highlighting the recent development of various techniques and methods of study.
Do Re Mi: Psikologi, Musik, dan Budaya
Authors: Shaleha Rinanda Rizky Amalia
Published: June 2019

Music has been a part of everyday human life since ancient times. Music can influence how humans feel, think, and behave. Scientific evidence also shows that there is a neurobiological basis of music. The universality of music makes everyone able to sense the emotional content in music. However, music is a product of culture so it can not be separated from cultural bias. Music is considered as a determinant of social identity. Furthermore, music influences social preferences in society. Music with certain types is considered as a marker of the group so that there is a stereotype in assessing a group. The benefits of music can be obtained in various settings such as in education and health setting. Future studies, it is necessary to review music from different perspectives such as culture, psychology, and neurobiology to be more comprehensive in order to explain the influences of music in human life.
Harga Diri dan Adiksi Internet: Tinjauan Meta-Analisis
Authors: Rahardjo Wahyu
Published: June 2019

The aim of this meta-analysis study is to figure out the true correlation between self-esteem and internet addiction. This meta-analysis uses 159 studies from 40 scientific articles from the year of 2005-2018 and involved in 120.825 participants. Correction for the two artifacts studied in this meta-analysis first is sampling error, and the second one is measurement error. The results support the hypothesis and show some similar findings whereas the true correlations from the groups confirm previous researches that self-esteem has a negative correlation to internet addiction. The strongest correlation found in adolescence group followed by men and women, all participant, also students and college students groups. However, these findings show that the internet accommodates individuals with negative self-esteem to build online social relationships and fulfilling their communication and pleasure needs and makes them easier committed to deviant behavior such as internet addiction.
Mengembangkan Konsep dan Pengukuran Pengasuhan dalam Perspektif Kontekstual Budaya
Authors: Etikawati Agnes Indar , Siregar Juke Rossjati , Widjaja Hanna , Jatnika Ratna
Published: June 2019

Beliefs and goals in parenting are influenced by the expectations of society or local culture. Therefore, the measurement of parenting should be developed from a contextual perspective. The development of the measurement conducted inductively which started with the phase of indigenous concept exploration. The participants are parents living in a particular area, having a local ethnic identity, using local language and customs in their daily lives. The method of data collection is an interview or focus group discussion (FGD), with questions that refer to the parenting element according to Darling & Steinberg. Two alternative data analysis can be done; to obtain the construct at the level of parenting practice or construct at the level of parenting style. The construct then is developed into an instrument by following the scale development guidelines in which includes item writing, content validation, scale administration, and psychometric evaluation.
Memahami dan Mencegah Perilaku Plagiarisme dalam Menulis Karya Ilmiah
Authors: Shadiqi Muhammad Abdan
Published: June 2019

Plagiarism is a misconduct act and a scourge for science. Plagiarism perpetrators steal other author's work without citing the original references. Psychology is one of the most vulnerable sciences with plagiarism and must give more attention to this issue. Several types of plagiarism can be distinguished to the plagiarism motivation (intentional, unintentional, and inadvertent), how to do plagiarism (patchwriting, inappropriate paraphrasing, and summaries) and self-plagiarism (text recycling, redundant or duplicate publication, salami-slicing or data fragmentation). There are several reasons to do plagiarism, such as ease to get information via the internet, pressure on academic tasks, bad writing skill, hurry to write under pressure, lack of understanding how to rewrite the original reference, a misconception to understanding self-plagiarism, and habitual plagiarists. This article also presents steps to avoid plagiarism, such as avoiding "intellectual theft", doing good writing (citation and paraphrasing), and testing the similarity test (plagiarism detection service).
Volksraad (People Council): Radicale Concentratie Political Arena and National Fraction, 1918-1942
Authors: Rohmadi Nazirwan , Warto Warto
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the legislative institutions callled Volksraad established by the Dutch East Indies, which further used by the nationalist-moderate to achieve the national  independence of Indonesia. Historical method was used in this research. The historical method is distinguished into several stages, namely heuristic, critic, analysis, and historiography. Indonesia’s political figures established Radicale Concentratie to unite in order to achieve independence. Radicale Concentratie put a great pressure on the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie no longer operated because of some conflicts that occurred among its members and the arrests done by the Dutch East Indies government. Radicale Concentratie’s struggle was continued by National Fraction which was established on 27 January 1930. The proposition of National Fraction that was fulfilled was the change in the nomenclatur of Indlander to Indonesisch. National Fraction often turned down the budget plan proposed by the Governor-General in preparing for the Second World War. This is because the Dutch East Indies fleet was funded by Indonesian taxes and the taxes were planned to be increased in order to win the war.
Public Anthropology in the United States and Indonesia
Authors: Subkhan Imam
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the development of public anthropology in the United States and Indonesia. Drawing on literature reviews and archive studies, this article argues that public anthropology needs to be considered as a pragmatic strategy to elevate the position of anthropology in the public realm, and make it relevant to society. As a scholarly concept, public anthropology in Indonesia is not as popular as in the United States relative to applied anthropology. However, its individual and institutional practices have been flourishing in the last decade, including collaborative works and community engagement, publishing scholarship beyond conventional academic forms, active involvement in contemporary human problems, and efforts to influence public policies. To foster Indonesian public anthropology, an academic promotion system that gives more appreciation to public scholarship should be encouraged. Academic anthropologists may also take the initiative to include public anthropology in the anthropology curriculum. Moreover, the Indonesian Anthropological Association (AAI) can facilitate and promote public anthropology in broader public debates, and maintain its active role in defending humanity.
“We believe in democracy…”: Epistemic Modality in Justin Trudeau’s Political Speeches
Authors: Hardjanto Tofan Dwi , Mazia Nala
Published: June 2019

This article investigates epistemic modality in political discourse. It focuses on modality markers in terms of their word classes, semantic meanings and discourse functions in political speeches. The data were taken from three speeches delivered by the 23rd Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The results show that the markers found in the three speeches are of five different types, i.e., lexical verbs, modal adjectives, modal adverbs, modal auxiliary verbs and modal nouns, with meanings ranging from possibility, probability, to certainty. The markers also indicate the speaker’s commitment whose degree reflects the function in the social context. The speaker’s commitment is divided into three degrees of engagement, each of which serves as a means to be polite, to be diplomatic, and to be persuasive. The findings suggest that Trudeau tends to use reasonable judgment expressions to sound diplomatic and persuasive in his speeches.
Studi Literatur Perbedaan Ekspresi Messenger Ribonucleid Acid (mRNA) Reseptor Androgen Setelah Pemberian Testosteron antara Penis dan Kelenjar Prostat Tikus Wistar Jantan (Rattus Norvegicus) Pascakastrasi
Authors: Arini Luh Ari
Published: June 2019

Background: Aging process (andropause) in men will cause a decrease in testosterone hormones, in other that decrese of androgen receptor (testosteron and dhyhidrtestosterone) in target organ, can be seen from AR mRNA expression. Andropause finaly impact of male reproductive organ, so given testosterone hormone therapy is important to restore the condition. Giving testosterone hormone causes increase the expression of AR mRNA in the prostate gland and penis, but in these two organs there is a different increase.Objective: to know the difference of expression AR mRNA after administration of testosterone between prostate gland and penis.Method: This article used literature review from database of intisari sains medis.Results and Discussion: AR mRNA expression in the prostate gland is smaller than the penile tissue, due to the prostate gland in addition to the 5α reductase enzyme there are also many aromatase enzymes. In the normal prostate gland the amount of 5α reductase is small, so the addition of testosterone is converted to DHT but also in aromatization to estrogen. Therefore, fewer androgen receptors are found compared to the tissue of the penis, in addition expression of AR mRNA in the preputial penis is higher than the prostate gland.Conclusion: Penile tissue is more responsive to testosterone and improves the function and maintenance of tissue especially in old. Keywords: androgen receptor mRNA; testosterone; penis and prostate
Analisis Peran Penerapan Warga Peduli AIDS (WPA) pada Kader di Desa Karangtengah Cilongok, Banyumas
Authors: Sistiarani Colti , Kurniawan Arif , Hariyadi Bambang
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang: Pemberdayaan kader WPA diperlukan dalam upaya penerapan konsep WPA yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pencegahan perilaku berisiko di masyarakat.Tujuan: penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi dan peran penerapan program WPA yang dilakukan oleh kader WPA.Metode: Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kader WPA yang aktif di wilayah Desa Karangtengah Cilongok. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu berjumlah 46 kader.Hasil dan Pembahasan: Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat dan bivariate. Analisis bivariate menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil penelitian yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu kader WPA sebagian besar memiliki persepsi baik sebesar 56,5%, pengetahuan yang baik sebesar 54,3%, serta peran dalam kegiatan  WPA sebagian besar  kurang baik sebesar 47,8%. Kesimpulan : Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara persepsi dengan peran kader dalam pelaksanaan WPA, namun ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang WPA dengan peran kader dalam pelaksanaan WPA. Kata Kunci : Kader WPA;  Persepsi; Peran
Pengaruh Metode Promosi Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Kader tentang Deteksi Dini Kanker Leher Rahim
Authors: Mirzanie Hanifah , Prawitasari Shinta , Widad Shofwal
Published: June 2019

Latar Belakang: Kanker leher rahim adalah penyebab kematian wanita terbanyak kedua di Indonesia. Salah satu cara pencegahannya adalah dengan deteksi dini. Untuk mencapai cakupan deteksi dini yang baik perlu peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahaya, faktor risiko, pencegahan, dan deteksi dini.Tujuan Penelitian: Membandingkan efektivitas metode promosi kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap para kader kesehatan mengenai deteksi dini kanker leher rahim.Metode penelitian: Quasi eksperimental. Subyek adalah kader kesehatan Kecamatan Gedongtengen. Intervensi berupa penyuluhan dengan leaflet atau tanpa leaflet mengenai deteksi dini kanker leher rahim. Desain penelitian adalah pre-test dan post-test. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dengan 30 pertanyaan pengetahuan dan 19 pertanyaan sikap yang dinyatakan sahih dan andal melalui uji korelasi Perason. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon, Uji Mann Whitney, uji korelasi Pearson dan uji regresi linier berganda.Tempat penelitian: Kecamatan Gedongtengen, Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaHasil: Dari 128 responden, penyuluhan dengan atau tanpa leaflet meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kader kesehatan secara bermakna (p =0,000), tetapi besar peningkatan ini tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p=0,175 dan p=0,740). Variabel luar yang berpengaruh dengan korelasi negatif pada peningkatan pengetahuan adalah penghasilan (p=0,006). Variabel luar yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan sikap dengan korelasi negatif adalah pendidikan (p=0,009).Kesimpulan: Penyuluhan dengan atau tanpa pemberian leaflet tidak berbeda untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap kader kesehatan.Kata kunci: deteksi dini; kanker leher rahim; kader kesehatan; promosi kesehatan