bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of silicon foliar spray to increase growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) under sprinkler and furrow irrigation system
Authors: Hadiawati L , Fitrotin U , Suriadi A , Nazam M
Published: October 2023

Silicon foliar application can help mitigate the negative effects of drought stress and is an important component of climate-smart agriculture. This study aimed to assess the effect of various concentrations of silicon foliar spray (SFS) on shallot growth and yield under two irrigation systems. On-farm experiment was arranged in the randomized block with split-plot design in dryland of East Lombok District of Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province during dry season of 2018. The main plot was furrow and sprinkler irrigation system, and the sub-plot was four concentrations of SFS (0, 15, 30, and 45 ml) with five replications. In general, plant height, leaf number, bulb number, and fresh biomass of shallot were increased following the increase of SFS concentration, with the optimal dosage being 15 ml/lt for the experiment site. Shallot fresh yield was significantly higher under sprinkler irrigation (3.72 kg/m2) compared to furrow irrigation (2.70 kg/m2). The significant interaction effects were found on plant height (20 and 40 days after planting) and weight loss (after sun-dried and after 90 days of storage to produce bulb seeds). All in all, the sun-dried shallot yield was significantly higher from 14.76% (30 ml) to 28.40% (15 ml) compared to the control.
Seed vigor of five genotypes moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) at liquefaction affected location
Authors: Adelina E , Madauna I , Nursalam  , Syamsiar  , Amertayasa I G N R , Saputra I K H , Riska
Published: October 2023

The Moringa plant is known as a magic tree because all parts of the Moringa plant can be used for various purposes such as food, health, and environmental improvement. Agricultural land affected by liquefaction poses serious problems, especially for crop cultivation farmers. Efforts are needed to restore land through adaptive plant selection, including the Moringa plant. This study aims to examine the vigor of the growing strength of five Moringa genotypes planted in liquefaction-affected land in Jono Oge Village, Sigi-Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This study was designed using a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with the genotype of Moringa cuttings as a single factor, namely Kulawi02, Kulawi10, Palolo24, Balaroa05, and Tondo19. The results showed that the accession of Moringa Tondo19 resulted in a growth rate of 1.92 – 2.20 days faster, 106% – 567% more shoots, and a bud length of 2.38 – 8.5 cm longer compared to the other four accessions so that Tondo19 accession is recommended as an adaptive plant in the recovery of liquefaction-affected lands.
Food security of lowland rice farmers to support sustainable food development in Parigi Moutong District, Indonesia
Authors: Rauf R A , Erny  , Damayanti L , Malik S R
Published: October 2023

Food security is focused on increasing food availability, strengthening food distribution, accelerating food diversification and monitoring food safety. Indicators of household food security are reflected by household income, the proportion of food expenditure to total expenditure and energy adequacy figures. This study aims to (1) analyze household food security and (2) analyze the relationship between income and food security. The research data consisted of primary and secondary data, with 65 rice farming households as respondents. Sampling technique with a simple random method. The average total expenditure for household food consumption is IDR.1,387,331,-/month with a proportion of expenditure of 54% per month. The average non-food expenditure is IDR.1,192,262.-/month, with a lack of food category (> 60%). There are 47 households, with 72.30% belonging to the household group whose energy absorption is still lacking and can be interpreted as food inadequate; 18 households, with a proportion of 27.69%, are included in the household group with sufficient energy absorption. There is a correlation or relationship between income and the level of food security indicated by the value of α (0.037 <0.05).
The preservation of rice food self-sufficiency in East Lombok Regency
Authors: Tajidan Tajidan , Dipokusumo Bambang , Susilowati Lolita Endang , Hadi Alfian Pujian
Published: October 2023

The study aims to find the formula for the standard area requirement for paddy fields to meet local food needs and recommend the area for food agriculture and the reserve area for sustainable food agriculture so as to ensure the preservation of self-sufficiency rice food. To achieve this objective, a projection of the quantity of food demanded is based on the food needs of the population per person and the predictions of the area of paddy fields capable of producing rice. The research was carried out using a technical approach to mathematics and socio-economics. Primary data and information were corrected using in-depth interviews, and secondary data was collected using the desktop study literacy method. The projection of paddy area, rice production, population, and demand for rice uses the linear trend method. The results of the study show that the standard formula for rice food requirements is equal to 10,000 multiplied by the rice food requirement per person divided by the productivity of rice farming multiplied by the rice cropping index in one year. The standard requirement for a paddy field area is 250m2 per capita, and residents of East Lombok district are able to maintain self-sufficiency in rice food if they strive for farming productivity of 5.155 tons/hectare and a rice planting index of 151% in one year.
Cost and income analysis of harvesting of aren sugar farmers in Kalobba Village, Tellulimpoe District, Sinjai Regency
Authors: Mujetahid A , Dassir Muhammad , Muin Andi Vika Faradiba , Gautama Iswara , Hatimah Husnul
Published: October 2023

Palm sugar is one of the products from aren (Arenga pinnata) which is classified as a non-timber forest product (NTFP). However, the palm sugar harvesters at the research site do not know for sure the costs that have been incurred each time they carry out harvesting activities and the income from the sale. The purpose of this study was to determine how much the cost and income are generated by palm sugar farmers. The material used in this study was a questionnaire while the tools used were a camera and writing utensils. Determination of respondents using the census method. Respondents of this study were sugar palm farmers in Kalobba Village. The data collected consists of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the process of processing palm sap into palm sugar is still managed simply and traditionally. The stages of processing palm sugar production include tapping. cooking, printing, and packaging. The costs incurred by palm sugar farmers are an average of IDR 229,000/month and the income generated is an average of IDR 1,448,000/month.
Technological performances and economic feasibility in rice irrigated farming
Authors: Malik Afrizal , Triastono Joko , Supriadi Khojin , Wulanjari Munir Eti , Cempaka Intan Gilang , Aristya Vina Eka
Published: October 2023

The actual rice yield by farmers is still lower than the potential yield in lowland irrigated farming. The study attempted to see the technological performance and economic feasibility of irrigated rice farming. The research was carried out in the Jember Regency in May 2021. The survey involved 51 farmers, selected purposively through simple random sampling. Primary data was collected, i.e. the respondent’s characters, farming traits, and inputs-outputs in the rice growing season May-August 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a holistic image of the phenomena in lowland rice practice. The results indicated rice farming by farmers has a productivity of 5,945 kg/ha and provides a profit of IDR 14,534,500/ha (B/C 2.47). The break-even point could be managed properly and profitably if the grain price was at least IDR 1,655/kg and the production break-even point was at least 2,400 kg/ha so as not to lose. The application of rice yield-enhancing technologies needs to be improved, such as the use of superior varieties, also appropriate fertilizer doses, and applications to achieve maximum benefits.
Competitive advantages of biopharmaceutical commodities in Bali province
Authors: Tamba I M , Sukanteri N P
Published: October 2023

In the midst of a shift in people’s lifestyles that leads to an increasingly intensive use of herbal medicines, it has a positive impact on the existence of biopharmaceutical commodities that are increasingly economically valuable. This study aims to analyze (1) the leading biopharmaceutical commodities and (2) the competitive advantages of the biopharmaceutical commodities of the Province of Bali. The research was conducted in eight districts in the province of Bali. The number of respondents was determined using a purposive method, with a total of 160 respondents. Primary data collection was carried out through direct interviews with farmers using a questionnaire, while secondary data was collected from BPS-Statistics Indonesia. The location quotient (LQ) analysis is used to identify the top biopharmaceutical commodities, and the policy analysis matrix (PAM) method is used to study competitive advantage. The results showed that the leading biopharmaceutical commodity for Bali Province was turmeric, while ginger, galingale, galangal, and curcuma were not among the leading biopharmaceutical commodities. The results of the analysis using the PAM approach with the Private Cost Ratio indicator show that turmeric, ginger, galangal, galingale, and curcuma have competitive advantages.
The strategy for developing Kresek bananas in Lumajang district, East Java
Authors: Kilmanun Juliana , Herniwati  , Burhansyah Rusli , Prahardini P E R
Published: October 2023

Kresek bananas are a superior commodity of Lumajang district besides Agung and Mas Kirana bananas. Kresek bananas to penetrate the selling price of IDR 500-700 thousand per bunch so that they become a promising agricultural product and can improve the welfare of farmers. The purpose of to research the internal and external factors that influence the development of the Kresek banana business and to analyze alternative strategies that need to be carried out to develop a banana business in the research area. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative analysis, namely describing and interpreting data from interviews with producers, then the data is analyzed using SWOT analysis to determine development strategies. Interviews were conducted with 40 respondents, namely related stakeholders, banana traders and banana farmers. Based on the results of the study, in the SWOT matrix the banana business is in quadrant I. The right strategy is an aggressive strategy and is a favorable situation for the banana business because it has opportunities: high consumer demand for crackle bananas, adequate transportation access, can be promoted through online media and national events. The strengths of the crackle banana business; available raw materials, attractive performance, delicious banana taste, strategic sales location and can be consumed by all levels of society.
Sensitivity of patchouli oil refining business (Case study: Patchouli Oil Agro, Tompira, North Morowali)
Authors: Sultan H , Iryansah M , Lamusa A , Mutmainah
Published: October 2023

Patchouli oil is an essential oil obtained by distilling all parts of the patchouli plant. This oil has good prospects in several industries, such as perfume, cosmetics, and insect repellent. Although this commodity has potential opportunities in foreign markets, several problems were found in oil refinings, such as unstable raw material prices and transportation costs. This research was conducted at the Agro Patchouli Oil Refining Business in Tompira, Petasia Timur District, North Morowali Regency. The determination of refining business was done purposively. There were two data used in this study, primary data and secondary data. The analysis used to determine the objectives to be achieved in this study is Sensitivity Analysis taking into account Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C). The result of calculating the positive NPV value was IDR 31,450,688; the IRR value was 25.80%; and the Net B/C value was 1.28. Sensitivity analysis shows that the Agro Patchouli Oil Refining Business is still profitable even though transportation costs have increased by 33% or the greatest change in patchouli raw material prices is 5%.
An efficiency of technological innovation of legowo row system on rice farming in Lingsar district of West Lombok regency West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Halil H , Wathoni N , Hidayati A , Khalil F I
Published: October 2023

This study aims to find the level of inputs significantly affect output, technical and allocative efficiency of technological innovation of Legowo Row System. The descriptive quantitative method with survey techniques was implemented. The cross-sectional data of 2021 to 2022 were gathered from 40 interviewees which determined by quota and proportional random sampling. The Stochastic Frontier Production Function Approach with the Cobb Douglas production function was used for analyzing the data. The arable land area, seeds and chemical fertilizers affected significantly output. Meanwhile, pesticide was not technically efficient, however, it was in the rational stage, while organic fertilizer and labor were inefficient and they were in the irrational stage. Allocative efficiency of input. the arable land, seeds, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides were not economically efficient because the value of the allocative efficiency was greater than one. It indicated that farmers have an opportunity to add more inputs to increase outputs for increasing return. The average arable land area of paddy farming was less than one hectare. The average physical product was 6.92 tons per hectare and Total Revenue was IDR 18,076,941 per hectare. Farmers are strongly suggested to use labeled seed and recommended chemical fertilizers for increasing output.
Comparing the suitability of the serologic tests in diagnose Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Authors: Purba H H S , Rachmawati F , Purwanto E S , Tiffarent R , Desem M I , Azmi Z , Putri R , Prihandini S S , Susanti  , Ariyanti T , Subekti DT , Noor SM
Published: October 2023

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens results in significant economic losses because it reduces egg production. Chickens infected with MG are stated to have a higher susceptibility to other disease agents. Therefore it is vital to monitor the presence of MG in layer farms. Monitoring through serological tests is the easiest option to apply. Rapid Agglutination Serum (RSA) is an option because of its fast and inexpensive application. In addition, ELISA has also been used to confirm the RSA test. This study compares the suitability of two serological tests, the RSA and ELISA. Serum samples of 155 taken from laying hens were tested by RSA and ELISA. RSA test results obtained 99 (63.9%) seropositive and 105 (67.7%) ELISA seropositive. As many as 68 (64.8%) were seropositive on the RSA and ELISA tests, while 19 (38%) were seronegative. The proportion of conformity by the Mc Nemar test between the RSA and ELISA tests did not show a significant difference of 0.545 (P>0.005). The kappa value between the two serological techniques was low (k=0.027). The statistical analysis results of these two serological tests show that these two tests can be used as initial monitoring for screening for MG.
Development of agribusiness-based tourism villages in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: S H Wildani Pingkan , Kalaba Y , Safitri D , alamsyah A , Kurnia I , Asngadi  , Sutomo M
Published: October 2023

In order to increase economic growth, welfare of farmers, eradicate poverty, overcome unemployment, preserve nature, environment and resources, and promote culture. So, the potential of an area needs to be developed. The aim of the research is to develop an agribusiness-based tourism village development plan. The determination of respondents was deliberately based on the highest position in the organization. The number of respondents was 72 respondents who came from technical regional government organizations, village heads, sub-district heads, village youth organizations and academics. The analytical method for determining a tourism village and planning the development of an agribusiness-based tourism village uses the borda method analysis tool and the process hierarchy analysis method. The results show the direction of priority development for each designation of agribusiness-based tourism villages based on accessibility, amenities, actions, accommodation and activities with the support of agribusiness potential, social aspects, and village institutions.
Recovery and development of the creative economy fried shallots MSMEs during the covid-19 pandemic in supporting economic growth
Authors: Nurdin M F , Sultan H , Arfah S Y C
Published: October 2023

The Indonesian economy, especially in Palu, is currently dominated by the Micro, Small, Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) sector and the creative economy. There was a decrease in the production of fried shallots in 2020 for almost all fried shallot MSMEs in Palu City. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the performance of MSMEs, especially Fried Shallot MSMEs in Palu, or unable to carry out their business. This research was conducted on five Fried Shallot MSMEs in Palu from March to August 2022. The location selection was made purposively. SWOT analysis was used to analyze the data with a creative economy approach (Penta Helix). The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on fried shallot MSMEs in Palu, which are a decrease in the number of workers, a reduction in production, and a decrease in sales. These three things influence each other. In addition, these three factors were affected by the difficulty in obtaining raw materials, the application of restrictive policies during the pandemic, and the declining purchasing power of consumers. Several alternative strategies can be applied to recover and develop fried shallot MSMEs based on the analysis results. In addition, implementing this strategy requires Penta Helix collaboration from MSMEs, Government, Academics, Financial Institutions, and the Community as consumers.
Land optimization by using banana plants as shading on nutmeg plants in the farmer plantation area
Authors: Rawung J B M , Indrasti R , Sondakh J O M , Salamba H N , Hutapea R T P , Polakitan A L , Layuk P , Elizabeth R
Published: October 2023

Smallholder plantations are agricultural areas in North Sulawesi (about 50-60%) with an area of about 413,000 ha, of which more than 97% of the managers are farmers and generally located in one area. This paper aims to optimize land use for nutmeg by using banana plants as shade in the nutmeg growth phase as an acceleration of farming development in the farmers plantation area of North Sulawesi. The research was carried out in Kauditan District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province from March to December 2021. The area of the research object is 1 ha of nutmeg plants with 3 local banana varieties (Goroho, Cepatu, Ambon) planted as shade plants. Growth observations were made on nutmeg and banana plants. The results showed that the use of banana plants as shade plants gave a good response to the growth of nutmeg as the main crop. Farmers in plantation areas get significant added value from banana plants when nutmeg plants are in their infancy. The findings from this study are still very limited, so more in-depth further research is needed.
Coffee vanilla development strategy for women farmer groups in the forest area of Senaru
Authors: Suparyana P. K. , Valentino N. , Yusuf M. , Efendy  , Indrawan I P. E.
Published: October 2023

Senaru is a village located in the Bayan District, West Nusa Tenggara Province with agricultural and plantation potential. Senaru Village has a variety of potentials that are very suitable for development, one of which is Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK), namely coffee and vanilla. This study aims to determine the strategy in developing the coffee vanilla business at KWT Amelyna Senaru. Selection of respondents with purposive sampling method, with a total of 21 respondents. This study used a descriptive research design at SWOT variables the internal and external environment in the developing business activity. The results showed that the highest strength factors can minimize the weaknesses in the development of Coffee Vanilla Product business for Women Farmer Groups in the Forest Area of Senaru namely as Tourist Destination Areas. While the highest opportunity factor at external environment is urban lifestyle in consuming coffee. Business development in Coffee Vanilla Product for Women Farmer Groups in the Forest Area of Senaru in the cell V position. The hold and maintain strategy are the best strategy to used. In this area it is very suitable to use product development and market penetration strategies.
Climate change mitigation through strengthening of waste bank role and 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle) application in urban area
Authors: Antriyandarti E , Barokah U , Rahayu W , Darsono  , Marwanti S , Ferichani M , WAni S , Suprihatin D N
Published: October 2023

Waste problems and climate change that are not properly anticipated can result in flooding, a dirty environment, and poor public health. A good life will emerge when there is harmony with the environment. Still, some people have not realized the importance of harmony with nature and the environment in urban communities. Big cities in Indonesia are the biggest waste contributors. Various efforts have been made, such as optimizing the role of waste banks and strengthening the application of the 3R model (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of waste banks and 3R implementation in climate change. This study uses a descriptive method with in-depth interviews with waste bank managers and some people in Surakarta. The result shows that waste banks and 3R applications can be an alternative to addressing waste problems and mitigating climate change. Waste banks and implementing 3R play an important role in reducing waste and carbon gas emissions. As a result, it can reduce temperature extremes. Good waste management will also improve environmental quality and reduce the risk of flooding due to the smooth water flow without being clogged with garbage.
Ochratoxin a (OTA) contamination detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Authors: Widiyanti P M , Maryam R
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate with high temperatures, rainfall, and humidity, which are conducive to the growth of fungi in various agricultural commodities, food and feed. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the result of secondary metabolites from the toxigenic fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA is carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, and it can cause health problems. OTA can be detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA method has more advantages than other methods, because it can detect samples quickly, easily, economically, specifically, and sensitively. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in samples by ELISA. The results of this study showed that OTA contamination in 50 samples were 92%, with an average value of 6.18 ppb. The levels of OTA contamination in samples were below the regulation.
Organs formation on Jabon trees (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) by in-vitro: treatment of various iba-kinetin combination
Authors: Muslimin  , Wahyuni D , Alam AS , Annadira
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study aimed to determine the concentration of the combination Indolebutiric acid (IBA) - Kinetin suitable for the formation of roots of the Jabon plant (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) in vitro. This research is a follow-up study of the initiation and propagation of in vitro shoots of Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb) Havil). The study was conducted at the Forestry Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Tadulako from February 2018 to August 2018. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with the addition of IBA and Kinetin to Murashige and Skoog basic medium in various concentrations as treatments. Five concentration levels of combinations of IBA + Kinetin were studied, namely: H1(0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm Kinetin), H2 (0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm Kinetin), H3 (1.0 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin), H4 (1.5 ppm IBA + 0.3 ppm Kinetin), H5 (2 ppm IBA + 0.1 ppm Kinetin). The experimental results showed that the combination of 1 ppm IBA + 0.5 ppm Kinetin concentration could promote the formation of Anthocephalus cadamba roots the best compared to other treatments. Treatment of 0.1 ppm IBA + 3 ppm kinetin and treatment of 0.5 ppm IBA + 1 ppm kinetin did not respond to root formation, but encouraged the formation of the best shoots of Anthocephalus cadamba.
Testing of rapid vigor method for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) by using radicle emergence
Authors: Nugraheni  , Pujiasmanto B , Samanhudi
Published: October 2023

Sorghum has a higher protein nutrient content (11%) than rice (6.8%) per 100 grams of ingredients. However the development and yield of sorghum is still low. One of the causes of low sorghum production yields is because seed deteriorate rapidly. The deterioration of sorghum seeds during storage signals a low seed vigor. So it is necessary to improve seed vigor tests efficiency in order to shorten test time. The objective of this research are determining observation time of Radicle emergence test and determining correlation between Radicle emergence test results with vigor test and seed viability. The results showed that radicula observations using Radicle emergence method can be carried out after the seeds are germinated for 96 hours at 25 + 2 0C temperature. The second result show there is positive correlation between Radicle emergence value to the vigor test and viability seed such as Vigor Index, Speed of Germination, Germination Seed, Maximum Growth Potential. It means the higher value of Vigor Index, Speed of Germination, Germination Seed, Maximum Growth Potential, the higher Radicle emergence value. The correlation between Radicle emergence and Mean Germination Time and Sprout Growth Rate changes shows a negative correlation.
The condition of chemical properties in the soil on the liquefied land in Jono Oge Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Monde A , Somba B E , Rahman A
Published: October 2023

Liquefaction is an event in which the soil loses shear strength due to increased pore water stress by the presence of cyclic loading. As a result of this incident, a number of paddy fields and housing estates in Jono Oge village experienced liquefaction. There is mud vomiting and the movement of a number of soils, causing eroded areas and some of them experiencing hoarding Research aims to identify the chemical properties of soils affected by liquefaction. The study was conducted using the survey method, soil sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. Soil samples were taken on three categories of affected land: eroded land, landfilled land, and surrounding land that was not liquefied. The results showed that the areas affected by liquefaction in the three categories of land had a soil pH relative to the same criteria, namely neutral (pH 6.52-6.77). Then C-organic levels in both eroded and hoarding fields are moderate status (2.50-2.70%) and in non-liquefied lands is low status (1.52%), while N-Total all three have low status (0.12-0.19%). Sodium content is generally medium status (0.41-0.60 me/100g), Calcium is generally high status (11.88-13.42 me/100g) and Magnesium is generally moderately. This research was conducted after more than 2 years of liquefaction and the most affected soil chemical properties in the respected area is the increasing of C-organic content.
Health status assessment of Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) nesting ground at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park
Authors: Mallombasang Sri Ningsih , Mallo Ikhsan Nur , Sudhartono Arief , Reinaldi  , Ramlah St
Published: October 2023

IUCN categorizes Maleo Bird (Macrocephalon maleo) as an endemic and endangered species meaning that the species is facing a high risk of extinction soon. One of the critical aspects determining the species^ existence is its habitat. The endangered species habitat not only plays a vital role in the species^ survival but also in its to reproduce. The research method used was the modified Environmental Health Index Determination developed. The research was at Kadidia Village, Lore Lindu National Park. The research aims to determine the habitat’s health status by identifying its Health Index. The research method used is a site survey by applying direct observation to habitat components, including conditions, species, and related socio-economic aspects. Variables measured are excellent, good, moderate and poor. The results showed that the health index of the habitat (nesting ground) is moderate/fair, with a Health Index of 0.55. Therefore, regular monitoring and conservation action should ensure that the habitat is adequately managed and conserved.
Agriculture land resources protection through strategic environmental assessment: Case study in Parigi Moutong, Central Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatu R , Sangadji M N , Lakani I , Mozin S , Hauris  , Putalan R
Published: October 2023

Linking development activities with the conservation of food land resources has become a very important issue in sustainable development. However, the facts show that the damage or loss of food land resources continues even at an increasing rate. This trend is further exacerbated by policies on land conversion and over-exploitation of natural resources, as well as the absence of information on the importance of the land. Consequently, there will be changes in the ecosystem and the optimal function of the land. Protection of food and land resources must start with policy-making and be followed by development program planning. The problem of this research is how the conversion of agricultural land into residential areas and shrimp pond areas in Parigi Moutong Regency, describes how the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as an instrument of protection of agricultural land resources in Parigi Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. Agricultural land resources are one of the important aspects of the food security program that should be considered in SEA. The development of urban centers or expansion of settlements and large-scale land clearing for plantations or mining often harm food land resources. Therefore, development plans and programs must be properly designed through prediction, evaluation, and mitigation of possible negative impacts. This research found that the involvement of stakeholders such as; local government, council members, academics, businesses, and NGOs as well as the community can generate some issues and strategies related to the loss or damage of agricultural land resources due to development activities and design alternative recommendations for improvement in Parigi Moutong District.
Three dimensions of ecological intelligence: cognitive, behaviour and technology
Authors: Wulan Sandra , Naping Hamka , Darhamsyah  , Rasul Azri
Published: October 2023

Humans naturally recognize and respond to environmental changes, known as ecological intelligence. The discussion on ecological intelligence started in the early 19th century and is still at the conceptualization stage. Several researchers have defined ecological intelligence based on its characteristics and assessment scale. Currently, the discussion of ecological intelligence is considered too general and broad, which can lead to a wide range of perceptions. This literature study review aims to classify ecological intelligence into several dimensions to make it easier to understand the concept of ecological intelligence today and its future development. The literature review above shows that ecological intelligence can be categorized into 3 (three) dimensions, namely cognitive, behavioural and technological, so ecological intelligence can be understood based on basic human mental abilities, actions and reactions and decision selection in determining appropriate technology.
Physicochemical test of leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives
Authors: Syamsuddin  , Kurniawan W , Syaikrullah M , Munadi L O M , Pagala M A , Zulkarnain D , Badaruddin R
Published: October 2023

Forage availability is a problem in developing sustainable livestock farming for ruminants in Indonesia. The availability of forage is influenced by several factors, one of which is the availability of land for fodder crop cultivation. The study aimed to test the physicochemistry of Leucaena leucocephala pellets using various types of adhesives originating from local raw materials in the form of tapioca flour, corn flour, sago flour, and commercial adhesives which were carried out for 1 month, namely August 2022 at the Animal Feed Analysis Unit Laboratory, Unit Laboratory Feed Manufacturing, and Transportation Engineering System Laboratory, Halu Oleo University. The results of the study showed that the use of various types of adhesives on the physical and chemical qualities of Leucaena leucocephala forage pellets had a significant effect on the value of pellet durability index, specific gravity, crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter. In contrast, the density value did not show a significant effect. The best results were found using a 3% sago flour adhesive with a Pellet durability index value of 86.71% and a specific gravity of 1.27 g/ml. The adhesive that can improve the chemical quality of Leucaena leucocephala pellets uses 3% corn flour adhesive, which produces a crude protein content of 24.92%. The highest dry material and organic ingredients values are obtained using 3% Tapioca flour adhesive with values of 95.73% and 88.04%.
The effect of sodium trimetaphosphate on the physical and functional characteristics of banggai yam starch
Authors: Chaniago R , Hasanuddin A , Kadir S , Muhardi  , Rahim A
Published: October 2023

Banggai yam starch as well as other types of starch is known to have physical and functional properties which cause the use of starch in the limited reliability industry. Therefore, it is necessary to improve physical properties by modifying the proud yam starch by phosphorylation. Research to determine the sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) concentration wich gives the best tendency in the modification of proud yam starch by phosphorylation based on its physical and functional characteristics. Research uses a completely randomized design one factor consisting of a concentration of STMP 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12% and native starch as a comparison. The variable of observations included emulsion separator volume, viscosity, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), swelling power, and solubility. The results showed that the emulsion separator volume, WHC, swelling power, and solubility starch modification is smaller than native banggai yam starch, while at viscosity starch modification is greater than native banggai yam starch. In the analysis OHC fluctuates as concentration increases. The STMP concentration that gives the best tendency is 4%. The value generated at this concentration is emulsion separator volume 90%, viscosity 577 Cp, WHC 0.94 g/g, OHC 2.84 g/g, swelling power 4.60 g/g, and solubility 0.17%.
Increased yield and quality of corn by inorganic fertilizers and utilization of corn as food to support food security
Authors: Fauziah L , Anggraeni L , Latifah E , Istiqomah N , Khamidah A
Published: October 2023

This research was carried out in two stages, three replications. The first stage was to determine the effectiveness of NPK 26-12-12 fertilizer on the yields and quality of corn. Corn with the best quality obtained from the best treatment of fertilization results at the first stage, was used as raw material in the second stage; namely noodles production. The second stage was to determine the quality of corn noodles. The factors that were used in the first stage were the combination dose of NPK 26-12-12 + urea + KCl which was compared to NPK 15-15-15 + urea + KCl (there are nine treatments). The factors that were used in the second stage was the percentage of corn flour (0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60%). The results of the first research found that the application of NPK fertilizer can increase the vegetative growth of corn plants, the highest yield was in the G treatment which produced a harvest of 6.94 t / ha; R/C ratio 1.56 and RAE 181. The results of the second research found that the addition of corn flour affected the quality of corn noodles. Panelists like noodles with the addition of 30% corn flour.
Aflatoxins contamination in duck feedstuffs collected from Indramayu District
Authors: Anastasia Y , Maryam R , Widiastuti R , Dalilah
Published: October 2023

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi. Feed exposure to aflatoxins may cause a decreased immune system and low productivity outcomes in poultry. This study conducted a limited survey to determine aflatoxin contaminations in feedstuff. 34 feed samples were analyzed to determine aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fluorescent detector. Aflatoxins were extracted from feed samples using acetonitrile : water (84:16,v/v), purified with a solid phase extraction (SPE) column, and detected through a fluorescent detector at wavelengths 365 nm (excitation) and 450 nm (emission). The results show a high concentration of AFB1 contamination in 34 samples. Aflatoxin B1 was found in all samples, ranging from 1.41-42.16 ng/g. Eleven samples were found to contain AFG1 ranging from 4.51-6.39 ng/g. One sample contained AFG2 with a concentration of 7.59 n/g. Also, 16 samples contain AFB2 with a concentration ranging from 1.62-2.3 ng/g. The results above show a high prevalence (100%) of AFB1 contamination. The contamination of aflatoxins especially AFB1 in the feedstuffs were harmful to the animals and should be a concern to prevent any adverse effect on public health.
Emerging Materials in Photo-bio catalytic systems for Futuristic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Meher Rajanandini , Jenit Angelin , Swaminathan M , Sharma Naresh Kumar
Published: October 2023

By the end of the year 2040, the water stress score reveals that 33 countries including the middle east and developed countries like Singapore and San Marino would be facing high levels of water stress. A critical issue that has to be addressed in the coming decades would be sustainable water management. Water’s abundance makes it an ideal universal solvent for cleaning and flushing. This incorporates numerous natural and anthropogenic activities that have imparted pollution which highly affects the quality of water. Though remediation process is available they are slow, hence sophisticated reactors are employed to speed up the treatment process more sustainably and effectively. Several different designs of bioreactors are being developed to treat diverse categories of wastewater and their effluents. The most recent ones are the coupling of photocatalysis and bioreactors. The combined advantages of nanoparticles to be highly oxidizing and non-selective while that of micro-organisms to be economical and sustainable couples these different techniques in one system. Although such system possesses challenges such as lack of process knowledge, design limitation, and characteristic differences, but do have several advantages when considering their applications in the treatment of wastewater and emerging pollutants. In this study, cotton processing wastewater has been treated by a coupled photo-catalytic bioreactor containing nanoparticles and algal biomass for 15 days, and >80% COD removal efficiency was noted by the microalgae Chlamydomonas sp whereas maximum removal of 88% and 84% COD was observed by using Titanium dioxide, and Palladium doped tungstate under solar light and visible light source respectively. An effort is made to delineate the efficiency, limitations, and future readiness of these systems for the abatement of priority pollutants (with emphasis on cotton processing wastewater). A timely investigation of such emerging technologies promotes progress, provides theoretical insights, and deciphers principles for future application of this technology for wastewater treatment.
Enhanced Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using Modified Chitosan
Authors: Devasena M , Pricilla D , Mohamed Mydeen K
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to investigate the enhanced removal of lead from aqueous solution using chitosan coated carbon (CNC) in comparison with the commercially purchased chitosan (CN) and activated carbon (AC) materials. Functional groups such as -OH and -NH2 present in chitosan along with the functional groups of oxygen and aromatic compounds found in activated carbon makes CNC as the best adsorbent for lead removal for all concentrations of lead investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration, pH and contact time. At pH 6 and a contact time of 60 min, CNC showed enhanced adsorption capacity of 1.80 mg/g when compared to CN’s adsorption capacity of 0.21 mg/g which is an order of magnitude higher. The equilibrium modelling was described better by Langmuir isotherm model and the Pseudo second order kinetic model was applicable to the kinetic data.
Comparison and estimation study of the best suitable empirical method for runoff in the Hoshangabad region
Authors: Archana J , Vats Abhishek , Nandhini J
Published: October 2023

Water is one of the necessities for supporting the life and improvement of society. Water is an extremely valuable endowment of nature to humankind. The significant wellspring of water is precipitation and for a large portion of the hydrological models, precipitation is utilized as one of the principal components to gauge the spillover interaction. The precipitation overflow model is a numerical model portraying the precipitation spillover relations of a waterway bowl or watershed. Precipitation information is questionable and overflow is one of the significant hydrologic factors utilized in water assets the executives and arranging. Rainstorms create overflow and its event and amount are subject to the attributes of the precipitation occasion. In any case, there are numerous watersheds or catchments that are unchecked; Thus, exact formulae were valuable for assessing overflow volume. This paper depicts the assessment of overflow utilizing observational conditions like Khuzla’s equation, English and Desouza recipe, Indian Irrigation Department, and Khosla’s recipe. For this reason, the Hoshangabad area is chosen and the yearly precipitation information from 1981 to 2017 has been gathered. Furthermore, the appropriateness of the model has been assessed by contrasting the overflow information and one another. After comparing the result of annual runoff calculated by using those formulas, we can observe that in all the years values of the Khosla formula and Khuzla formula are showing similar results, but in the English and Duez formula the value of runoff is too high. The runoff values calculated from the English and Duez formulas are nearly 7 times the actual value obtained from the other three formulas. So, it is not acceptable for the Hoshangabad region.
Groundwater Level Analysis of Sathyamangalam Region, Tamil Nadu, India Using GIS
Authors: Chelladurai V , BharaniPriya A , Mullaivasanthan M
Published: October 2023

The Morphometric and groundwater analysis (water level and flow direction) of Sathyamangalam, having total area of 2.24 lakhs hectares was carried out using geographical information system (GIS). The Watershed characteristics such as slope, size, shape and Morphological Analysis such as linear aspects namely Stream order, Bifurcation ratio, Stream length, Length ratio and Areal aspects in particular Drainage density are analysed using ArcGIS software. And also, groundwater level for four years (2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017) and groundwater flow directions using Piezometric well data were also analyzed. In Watershed characteristics, the size of the study area is 2.24 Lakh ha and designated as sub- catchment watershed. The shape is circular i.e. Fan shape. The total length of contour line is about 11055.86 km and the average slope was 24.68% for 50m interval contour. In Morphological analysis, totally 6487 streams were observed and the total length of stream was 3758.2 km. The study location has bifurcation ratio ranging from 1.56 to 3.62 and length ratio of stream was calculated as 1.678 km/km2. In Piezometric analysis, the major water level changes occur in Northwest of Sathyamangalam. Here, the depth of water from the earth surface decreases from 12.67 m in the year of 2008 to 3.95 m in the year of 2017.
Study on rice water composition and preparation of antidandruff shampoo against Malassezia species
Authors: Balakrishnaraja R , Ranjith G. , Aniskumar M. , Vijayanand P S , Thirumalai Vasan P
Published: October 2023

Now days, there are many problems for humans. On top of that, hair fall is a major problem noticed by teenagers. One of the main reasons for hair fall is dandruff and body heat. So, dandruff is caused by the fungus Malassezia species, and for that problem, we have a simple solution to tackle it. Rice water is a simple and effective solution for this hair fall problem. The fungal sample was isolated and identified and prepare a shampoo using rice water as a major source. Total carbohydrate and protein was determined. The prepared antifungal shampoo was tested using the well-diffusion method against the fungus Malassezia sps, which causes dandruff. The prepared rice water shampoo gives a positive result and has a high zone of inhibition against the Malassezia species. The antifungal activity was performed on the Malassezia species and shows the best result.
Essential Oils – Anti-Microbial and Pharmacological Properties of Essential Oils
Authors: Cherian Elsa , Mohan Lakshmi , Arackal Jobil J , Anju K A , Rajan Sruthi , Loganathan Veerapandi
Published: October 2023

The oils that are essential are highly concentrated herbal extracts from extremely significant botanicals. Popularly these oils are used in complementary and substitute medicine. The oil is usually extracted from flowers, leaves, roots, and added parts of plants. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components has been studied for a very long time. Essential oils are produced from a complex combination of unstable atoms that are delivered by the optional digestion of sweet-smelling and medicinal plants and can be produced by various techniques, including distillation or microwaves. The huge number of studies on the antimicrobial action of essential oils has permitted the logical acknowledgment of these mixtures on the control of a wide scope of microbial microorganisms. The advances made on the examination of the method of activity of essential oils against bacterial cell targets give us new points of view to battle constant and antimicrobial safe bacterial microorganisms.