bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osmolality-controlled fixation and simple preparation of human red blood cells for scanning electron microscopy v1
Authors: N Colvin Heather
Published: September 2022

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides a way to visualize red blood cell (RBC) morphology. Previous methods for human RBC fixation can induce osmotic-related changes to healthy RBCs, which can interfere with interpretation of biological morphological changes. In addition, traditional methods for fixation and dehydration of RBCs and associated SEM preparations involve multiple chemicals and time-intensive steps. Here, we provide a simplified protocol for human RBC fixation with careful control of osmolality. This protocol omits the use of sodium cacodylate, osmium tetroxide, and ethanol gradient dehydration steps, yet results in comparable outcomes.
Setting a sequencing run with a nanopore MinION and the Rapid Sequencing gDNA kit (SQK-RAD004) v2
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: September 2022

This protocol is to help in setting up a MinION sequencing run using the rapid sequencing kit from Nanopore (SQK-RAD004). It contains all steps and material needed for a successful run. This kit is recommended for rapid preparation time and limited laboratory equipment. The output is lower than that generated by the ligation sequencing kit. preparation time approximately 15 minutes and require a minimum of 400 ng per reaction.
Degranulation and cytokine production (functional assay) v1
Authors: R Kennedy Philippa
Published: September 2022

Two primary functions of NK cells - their cytotoxcity and ability to produce cytokines, are measured in a flow-based assay that assesses these responses at the single cell level when NK cells are challenged with tumor cells. Cytotoxicity is not directly measured, instead it is inferred from cytotoxic granlue release. For this reason, this assay should be accompanied by a direct measure of cytotoxicity, such as aTime -lapse killing assay. Cytotoxic granlue release is measured by the accumulation of the cytotoxic granule membrane protein, CD107a (LAMP1), at the surface of the NK cell, when fusion of recycling endosomes with the lysosome is blocked by monensin. Cytokines accumulate in NK cells when Golgi transport is blocked by brefeldin A. At the end of an effector:target co-culture, these proteins and other lineage surface markers are detected by flow cytometry.
PotatoMASH library construction v1
Authors: de la O Leyva Perez Maria
Published: September 2022

We have developed PotatoMASH (Potato Multi-Allele Scanning Haplotags), a novel low cost, genome-scanning marker platform. We designed a panel of 339 multi-allelic regions placed at 1 Mb intervals throughout the euchromatic portion of the genome. These regions were assayed using a multiplex amplicon sequencing approach, which allows to genotype hundreds of plants at a cost of €5/sample. This protocol describes the library construction part of the method. PotatoMASH libraries are made to be sequenced in Illumina sequencing platforms.
Investigating Semantic Change of Arabic Loanwords in Turkish
Authors: Al-Athwary Anwar A. H.
Published: September 2022

This study aims at tracking the various semantic changes of Arabic loanwords in Turkish (ALTs). The loanword data of the study were collected from a number of dictionaries including Sapan’s (2005) dictionary and Webster's Turkish-English Thesaurus Dictionary. Six types of semantic change are found at work in ALTs, the most frequent of which is radical semantic shift which represents more than 64% of the total loanword data followed by the processes of narrowing (20%) and widening (8%). The other three types have marginal roles to play in the semantic change process. Radical shifts involve some interesting cases which are peculiar to Turkish and are pertaining to the phenomenon of semantic replacement. The linguistic and extralinguistic factors like lexical need, the diachronic factor, the speaker’s miscomprehension and ignorance upon loanword incorporation are among the factors that lead to and affect the direction of semantic change of ALTs.
The Effect of Coda Voicing Contrast on Vowel Duration in American English and Najdi Arabic: A Comparison Study
Authors: Alhabshan Manar , Alsager Haroon N.
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a comparative study investigating the influence of consonant voicing status on the duration of preceding vowels in Najdi Arabic and American English. In this study, the phonetic correlates of the voicing feature in Najdi Arabic and American English were examined with regard to vowel duration were examined. In addition, acoustic measurements (duration, fundamental frequency, and second formant frequency levels) were taken. The vowel /a:/ is produced in monosyllabic /CVC/ forms by Najdi Saudi and American speakers. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of the voicing feature of the consonant on the preceding vowel in Najdi Arabic and American English by measuring the vowel duration. This study adopts some statistical analyses that might offer a novel perspective on speech recognition analysis.
On C-E Translation Strategies of Classic Quotations in the Informative Text
Authors: Ren Junhua , Qi Lai
Published: September 2022

The study on the translation strategies of the classic quotations in the informative text from Chinese to English can help to create the discourse system that promotes the communication between China and other countries. Analyzing the features of the classic quotations in the informative text, this paper finds that these classic quotations are diversified and the translators of the quotations are not only faithful to the original text but also regardful of the receptor’s understanding. Therefore, the translators perfectly balance the relationship between foreignization and domestication, the two opposite translation strategies.
The Introductory Sentence in Literature Research Articles Published in High-Impact vs. Predatory Journals
Authors: Alanazi Mohammad S. , Alqarni Muteb A.
Published: September 2022

The current study discusses the stylistic properties of the introductory sentence with which scholars begin their introduction in the literature field. The study draws upon a dataset of 624 introductory sentences, half of which are collected from high-impact Web of Science indexed journals and the other half are drawn from presumably predatory journals. The study shows that the introductory sentence written by authors of high-impact journals is a work-based sentence with a high number of references whereas that composed by authors of presumably predatory journals is a reference-less author-based sentence. Although Swales (1990, 2004) argues that less experienced writers may begin their introductions with Move 2/3-type sentences, the study shows that there is no difference between the two sets of scholars in terms of the usage of Move 2/3. However, authors of high-impact journals tend to describe their study, state their purpose, indicate research gaps and raise questions in their Move-2/3 sentences whereas authors of presumably predatory journals prefer definitional clarifications the most. The study also reveals that the introductory sentence produced by authors of presumably predatory journals is shorter in word count, full of repetitions and grammatical/punctuation errors and sometimes presented as a full paragraph.
Congratulation Strategies by Jordanians on a Royal Birthday Facebook Status
Authors: Al-Shboul Yasser , Al-Daher Zeyad , Al-Dala’ien Othman Aref , Abu-Snoubar Tamador Khalaf
Published: September 2022

The current paper investigates the congratulation speech act among Jordanian Facebook users in terms of patterns and linguistic forms with reference to the congratulation strategies adopted in response to a birthday Facebook status posted on the occasion of the 60th birthday of His Majesty King Abdullah II Ibn Al-Hussein. The types of positive politeness strategies attested in these congratulatory forms are also tackled in this study. The comments posted by Jordanian Facebook users on this occasion formed the data necessary for the purpose of this study. The data analysis revealed that the dominant congratulation strategy among Jordanian Facebookers is Illocutionary force indicating device, and the use of proverbs and sayings is the least used strategy. As for the strategies of politeness in the congratulatory forms among Jordanian Facebook users, the data analysis revealed that the dominant strategies are giving gifts to the listener and in-group identity marker (usage of address forms); exaggerate and seek agreement (safe topic) strategies are the least used ones. These results were discussed in light of the theory of speech act (Austin, 1962) and the theory of politeness (Brown & Levinson, 1987). The religious beliefs, cultural values, and social norms of the Facebook users appeared to be influential with respect to these politeness and congratulation strategies. The study also touches upon several aspects related to the pragmatic competence of Jordanian Facebook users.
Analysis of Multimodal Metaphor in TV Advertisement
Authors: Wang Hongce
Published: September 2022

Advertisements are becoming increasingly popular and are being presented in multifaceted ways due to their unique features and artistic techniques of expression. Advertisements are primarily presented through visual, sound, and verbal modality. These modalities have their own functions, and they interact with each other. Based on the working mechanism of conceptual metaphor, the metaphorical meaning of an advertisement is constructed in cooperation with each modality while demonstrating the social cognition behind advertising discourse.
The Effects of Shadow-Reading on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension
Authors: Kayed Murad Al , Samardali Muntaha , Essa Lama Bani , Johnson Rebekah
Published: September 2022

The current study investigates the effects of shadow-reading on the development of the reading comprehension of undergraduate students who studied English at Ajloun University College/ Al-Balqa Applied University. The researchers randomly selected 100 EFL learners from the Department of English Language at Ajloun University College who enrolled in the reading course in the first semester2021/2022. The students were first and second-year students aged 18-22. The sample of the study was divided equally into experimental and control groups. The control group was exposed only to regular classroom reading instruction, while the experimental group received shadow-reading instruction. The researchers conducted a posttest to find out if there were significant differences between both groups. The results indicated that shadow-reading affected reading comprehension positively. It is found that shadow-reading is more effective than other traditional methods in teaching reading comprehension. The current study presents several recommendations for language learners, researchers, teachers, and syllabus designers.
Génese de uma apropriação: o projeto «aprender a aprender» e a escola Waldorf Jardim do Monte, Portugal (1993-2005)
Authors: Ziegler Sandra , Pintassilgo Joaquim
Published: September 2022

Desenvolvemos reflexões acerca da génese do processo de Apropriação da Pedagogia Waldorf na Escola Jardim do Monte, Alhandra (Portugal), por meio do projeto de formação contínua Aprender a Aprender (PAA), iniciado nos 1990. A investigação recorreu ao conceito de Apropriação de Certeau (1998, 2005), Chartier (1992,2002), Leontiev (2004), Ricoeur (1991), Carvalho e Pintassilgo (2011) e, para o estudo das instituições educativas, a Magalhães (2004). Procurou-se uma perspetiva historiográfica educativa, através da análise e interpretação de fontes documentais, iconográficas e  estemunhos orais. A génese desta escola, do Jardim de Infância ao 2.º ciclo de ensino básico, remonta a um grupo de professoras de escolas públicas, do 1.º ciclo ao ensino secundário, que se conheceram num Encontro de Educação, Fórum de Projetos, em 1991. As reinterpretações de modelos pedagógicos, como o steineriano, tendem a avançar em reelaborações, inspirando inovações e experiências que suscitam a necessidade de um estudo e compreensão aprofundados.
Eladio Ferreiro Otero: un mestre entre as escolas americanas de fundación e a escola pública
Authors: Méixome Quinteiro Carlos
Published: September 2022

Eladio Ferreiro Otero, o mestre de Borreiros (Gondomar), exerceu nesta parroquia miñorá ata a súa xubilación en 1946. Mais a súa figura está unida a unha das “escolas americanas” de máis longa proxección na historia da educación de Galicia, da que foi director dende a andaina inicial, maio de 1909, ata o seu cesamento en setembro de 1923. Estamos a falar das escolas que puxo en marcha a “Unión Hispano-Americana Pro Valle Miñor (UHAVM)”, institución fundada en 1905. Ferreiro foi o encargado de facer realidade a iniciativa impulsada dende as beiras do río da Prata pola emigración miñorá. O seu labor educativo quedou unido á personalidade do pedagogo ourensán que exerceu unha ampla influenciapolítica e social no Val Miñor.
Problemas de disciplina en la Universidad de Santiago. Un episodio de 1866
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Ángel
Published: September 2022

El documento presenta un relato contextualizado del procedimiento disciplinario incoado contra Santiago Usoz, profesor de griego de la Universidad de Santiago, como consecuencia de una disputa con algunos de sus alumnos.
Modelos de Formación del Profesorado de Primera y Segunda Enseñanza. Doscientos años de Experimentación en España.
Authors: Maneiro Alonso Cristian
Published: September 2022

Este texto achega de maneira precisa unha visión dos modelos de formación do profesorado de primaria e segunda insinanza, na xénes e evolución do sistema educativo español contemporáneo.
Effectiveness of Swallow Therapy on Swallowing Ability among Patients with Cerebrovascular Accident
Authors: Parimala P. , Kalpana V. , Maheshwari R.
Published: September 2022

Cerebrovascular accident occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disturbed in some way. As a result the brain cells are deprived of oxygen. It is also known as stroke. It is being observed as a rapidly growing problem and an important cause of illness and death in Saudi arabia. The major problem of cerebrovascular accident is paralysis of swallowing muscles leading to swallowing difficulty which is known as dysphagia. It involves the mouth, throat and esophagus. The goal of this study was to see how swallow treatment affected patients with cerebrovascular accidents at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Chennai. The study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre- and post-test design. A total of 30 samples were chosen with care. The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Skills (MASA) was used to examine swallowing ability on regular basis. The results reveal that there is a significant difference in swallowing capacity before and after therapy when using descriptive and interferential statistical approaches. The average score of swallowing ability before swallow therapy was 155.0±16.34, while the average score after swallow therapy was 170.87±11.12. At p<0.001 level, the estimated paired ‘t’ test value of t = 7.171 was judged to be statistically highly significant. This obviously implies that administering swallow therapy to individuals with cerebrovascular accident was shown to be useful in enhancing post-test swallowing skills. The swallowing therapy was found to be one of the most successful traditional therapies for improving the swallowing skills of people with swallowing difficulties, according to the findings.
Effectiveness of Cold Pack Application on Reduction of Pain Perception during Active Phase of Labour among Parturient Mothers
Authors: Sahaya M.A. , KalaBarathi S.
Published: September 2022

Pregnancy is the period of gestation from the fertilization of an egg, through development of a fetus, and ending at birth of the baby. A woman’s desire for, and cold pack of, pain relief during labour are influenced by many factors, including her expectations, the complexity of her labour and the severity of her pain. Objectives: To assess the pre-test and post-test level of pain perception during active phase of labour among parturient mothers both in experimental and control group, effectiveness of cold pack on reduction of pain perception during active phase of labour among parturient mothers in the experimental group, association between the level of pain perception during active phase of labour among parturient mothers with their selected demographic variables. Methods: An experimental research design was adopted for the study with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Semi structured interview method was used to collect the demographical and obstetrical data, Wong Baker Scale tool was used to measure the level of pain. Result: The study shows that there is a significant difference between the posttest levels of pain perception during active phase of labour among parturient mothers in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: There was a significant association in the post test level of pain perception among parturient mother in the experimental group than in the control group at p<0.01 and p<0.001 level. Thus the cold pack application is an effective non-pharmacological method which can be used to manage the level of pain perception during labour.
Staged lensectomy and vitrectomy in the management of stage 5C retinopathy of prematurity with corneal opacification: long-term follow up
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Fei Ping , Peng Jie ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Xu Yu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Luo Jia ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Zhang Qi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Li Jia-Kai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Lyu Jiao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China, Zhao Pei-Quan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: September 2022

AIM: To verify the feasibility and safety of staged lensectomy and vitrectomy in stage 5C retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with corneal opacification.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series. Twenty-two eyes of 18 stage 5C ROP patients with corneal opacification were included. Regular combined lensectomy and vitrectomy were not prescribed due to the invisible fundus. Staged lensectomy and posterior vitrectomy were performed. The anatomical and visual outcomes were reviewed at the final follow-up visit.
RESULTS: The mean gestational age of ROP patients was 29.3±1.6wk (range: 27-32wk), comprising 8 males and 10 females. The average birth weight was 1363.0±300.0 g. All the eyes had corneal opacity and flat or disappeared anterior chambers pre-operatively. Two eyes had complicated cataract and 7 eyes had retrolental fibroplasia. Six eyes had posterior pupillary synechiae or membranes. Seven (31.8%) eyes had vascularly active retinas. The average interval between two procedures was 6.8±4.6mo (2.5-18.5mo). After surgeries, all the patients had normal anterior chambers. Fourteen eyes had clear corneas. The intraocular pressure of 3 eyes with glaucoma was controlled by medication. Two eyes had ocular phthisis. The retina was reattached in 3 eyes and partially attached in 11 eyes. Visual acuity ranged from no light perception to hand motion.
CONCLUSION: Staged lensectomy and vitrectomy are procedures that can halt progression to further complications and preserve some useful eyesight in stage 5C ROP patients with corneal opacification. The earlier the lensectomy is performed, the better the prognosis is.
Morphological changes in the iridocorneal angle and their relationship with intraocular pressure after infantile cataract surgery
Authors:   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Wang Dan-Dan , Zhang Bing ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Lu Zi-Yi ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Guan Wei-Chen ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China, Zhao Yun-E ,   Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China; National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: September 2022

AIM: To evaluate morphological changes in the iridocorneal angle after pediatric cataract surgery.
METHODS: Children who underwent primary infantile cataract surgery were included and 64 eyes from 41 children, including 18 with unilateral cataracts (18 eyes) and 23 with bilateral cataracts (46 eyes) were examined. All patients underwent two gonioscopic examinations to evaluate the iridocorneal angle, before the primary lens removal and before the secondary intraocular lens implantation. The anatomical changes in the iridocorneal angle and the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and iridocorneal angle changes were also analyzed.
RESULTS: The iridocorneal angle was wide in 64 eyes before and after surgery. The trabecular meshwork pigmentation, number of iris processes in every quadrant of the iridocorneal angle, and the width of the ciliary body band in the superior and inferior quadrants at the second gonioscopic examination were significantly increased compared to those at the first examination (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05, and P<0.05, respectively). IOP gradually increased at 1mo after operation, and returned to the preoperative level at 3mo. However, IOP still increased significantly at 6 and 12mo.
CONCLUSION: The main changes after pediatric cataract surgery include an increase in trabecular meshwork pigmentation and number of iris processes, IOP gradually increase and has positive correlation with trabecular meshwork pigmentation and anterior insertion of iris process.
Efficacy of haptic sutured in-the-bag intraocular lens for intraocular lens-capsule complex stability: a comparison of three insertion methods
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea, Cho Yang Kyung , Ambati Balamurali K ,   Pacific Clear Vision Institute, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299, USA; University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1299, USA
Published: September 2022

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and stability of haptic sutured in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with zonular instability.
METHODS: A total 60 eyes of 60 patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Postoperative stability in three groups [haptic sutured IOL in the bag, IOL in the bag insertion with haptics oriented toward areas of zonulysis, IOL with capsular tension ring (CTR) in the bag insertion] were compared according to the IOL insertion methods. To evaluate the IOL stability, the changes of anterior chamber depth (ACD), refraction, contraction of anterior continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC) area, and tilt of IOL were compared.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in change of ACD (-0.04±0.01 mm in group of haptic sutured IOL, -0.07±0.01 mm in group of CTR insertion) and refraction (0.05±0.05 D in group of haptic sutured IOL, 0.37±015 D in group of CTR insertion) between the group of haptic sutured IOL in the bag and CTR insertion group. But in comparison of CCC contraction and IOL tilt, CTR insertion group showed less contraction (1.00%±0.52%) and less IOL tilt (2.66°±0.11°) than the group of haptic sutured IOL in the bag (6.32%±1.36%, 3.47°±0.11°, respectively). The CTR insertion group showed the least CCC contraction and the least tilt.
CONCLUSION: In eyes with zonular instability, the method of haptic sutured IOL in-the-bag shows comparable stability in ACD and refraction in comparison with IOL with CTR in the bag insertion. The method of IOL only in-the-bag insertion shows the largest contraction of CCC and the largest tilt of IOL.
Interferon-gamma release assays in tuberculous uveitis: a comprehensive review
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Tungsattayathitthan Usanee , Tesavibul Nattaporn ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Dharakul Tararaj ,   Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand, Choopong Pitipol ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Published: September 2022

Tuberculous uveitis (TBU) comprises a broad clinical spectrum of ocular manifestations, making its diagnosis challenging. Ophthalmologists usually require evidence from investigations to confirm or support a clinical diagnosis of TBU. Since direct isolation of the causative organism from ocular specimens has limitations owing to the small volume of the ocular specimens, resultant test positivities are low in yield. Immunodiagnostic tests, including the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), can help support a clinical diagnosis of TBU. Unlike the tuberculin skin test, IGRAs are in vitro tests that require a single visit and are not affected by prior Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Currently, available IGRAs consist of different techniques and interpretation methods. Moreover, newer generations have been developed to improve the sensitivity and ability to detect active tuberculosis. This narrative review collates salient practice points as a reference for general ophthalmologists, such as evidence for the utilization of IGRAs in patients with suspected TBU, and summarizes basic knowledge and details of clinical applications of these tests in a clinical setting.
Ocular stem cells: a narrative review of current clinical trials
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Army Shared Fund Hospital, Athens11521, Greece, Sotiropulos Konstadinos , Almaliotis Diamantis ,   Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece, Ploumidou Katherine ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital “Aglaia Kyriakou”, Athens 11527, Greece, Karampatakis Vasileios ,   Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
Published: September 2022

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells showcasing a remarkable capacity of self-replenishing and differentiating into mature cells. Their ability to proliferate connotes that a designated stem cell source is capable of generating an unrestricted number of mature cells. The ever-increasing comprehension of position, activity, and function of ocular stem cells has led to rapid progress and incessant improvement of possible procedures and therapies. A narrative review was conducted to summarize the current evidence on clinical trials and respective literature, regarding current evolution in the field of ocular regenerative medicine. We tried to ascertain the safety of experimental and clinical procedures, their effectiveness, and the ethical repercussion of their use.
Experiências Adversas na Infância como preditoras de Transtornos de Humor e outras comorbidades em jovens adultos
Authors: Ximenes Jocellia Medeiros , Costa Maria Suely Alves , Maia Rodrigo da Silva
Published: September 2022

Introdução: A literatura revela que a exposição às experiências adversas na infância pode causar danos significativos em seu desenvolvimento, como também está associada à psicopatologia na vida adulta.Materiais e Métodos: Este estudo é do tipo revisão de literatura. As buscas foram realizadas na base de dados do Scientific Electronic Library Online e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Além disso, foram realizadas buscas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. A pesquisa compreendeu as publicações de janeiro de 2015 a março de 2020.Resultados e discussão: A presente revisão incluiu 13 artigos. Os instrumentos de medida mais utilizados para aferir as experiências adversas na infância foram o Questionário de Trauma na Infância (CTQ) e a Escala Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). No tocante ao desenho do estudo, 100% optou por um desenho de estudo quantitativo.Conclusão: Todos os estudos desta revisão evidenciaram uma relação significativa entre experiências adversas na infância e sintomas depressivos, ansiosos e de estresse. Constatação que fundamenta a importância de se deter sobre essa temática nos serviços assistenciais e de saúde à população. E, como apontado pelos estudos, a priorização em políticas públicas que favoreçam intervenções de prevenção.
Prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes: Revisão sistemática
Authors: Chiba Erika Kiyoko , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Saliba Tânia Adas , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Garbin Artênio José Ísper
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente as evidências existentes sobre a prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em jovens de 12 a 15 anos de idade.Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica nas bases de dados Portal Regional da BVS, PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase e Scopus utilizando descritores e termos utilizados nas publicações. Artigos duplicados foram removidos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão, a qualidade dos artigos foi verificada e a extração de dados realizada.Resultados: Dos 2255 estudos encontrados, 1730 foram removidos por duplicidade, 487 artigos foram eliminados segundo os critérios de exclusão e 11 estudos foram eleitos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão.Conclusão: A prevalência da necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foi considerada alta em diferentes regiões do mundo, principalmente na população brasileira, japonesa e africana. Recomenda-se fortemente a intensificação da educação em saúde bucal em adolescentes, com o propósito de conscientizá-los sobre a importância da prevenção das oclusopatias e a busca por assistência periódica para evitar a necessidade de tratamentos dispendiosos no futuro. Destaca-se também, que é essencial a avaliação criteriosa da qualidade dos estudos epidemiológicos para compreender a real necessidade de tratamento da população-alvo e a implantação de políticas públicas em saúde eficazes.
Agentes Etiológicos Envolvidos em Surtos Alimentares: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: França Andresa Sena , Vergara Clarice Maria Araújo Chagas , Soares Rafela De Lima Gomes , Assis Renata Carmo de
Published: September 2022

Introdução. As Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA) são originadas pela ingestão de alimentos ou água contaminados, causadas por bactérias, vírus e parasitas. Objetivo. Identificar os principais agentes etiológicos envolvidos em surtos por doenças transmitidas por alimentos disponibilizados nos estudos científicos. Metodologia. Consistiu numa revisão integrativa baseado em seis etapas, nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo, com as palavras chaves “food outbreak, microbiological contamination of food and food borne illness”. Resultados. Elegeu-se 1.097 artigos, excluindo 1.052 devido duplicidade, artigos de revisão ou fora do objetivo do estudo, selecionando 45 para uma leitura minuciosa dos títulos e resumos, onde 19 não atenderam aos critérios. Totalizando 26 artigos selecionados para compor a revisão integrativa. Conclusão. Norovírus, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Vibrio parahaemolyticus foram os principais agentes encontrados na compilação dos estudos. Visto que ocorre pela precariedade no cuidado dos alimentos, principalmente nas fases do plantio, fabricação, manuseio e consumo.
Picos epidemiológicos da COVID-19 no Ceará, Brasil: estudo comparativo
Authors: Moreira Maria Rosilene Candido , Justino Cícero Vitor Da Silva , Costa Milena Silva , Lima Júnior José Ferreira , Cândido José Auricélio Bernardo , Cândido Estelita Lima
Published: September 2022

Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 proporcionou mudanças no comportamento da população, na economia, na política, nas investigações científicas e gerou uma maior demanda por sobre os serviços de vigilância epidemiológica. Objetivo: Descrever os dados epidemiológicos da COVID-19 no Ceará, após um ano de pandemia e comparar os picos epidemiológicos registrados. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Plataforma IntegraSUS e Portal da Transparência de Registros Civis do Brasil, período de janeiro de 2020 a abril de 2021. Resultados: Foram registrados 583.739 casos e 15.181 óbitos, com prevalência em mulheres (55,35% e 56,06%, respectivamente). Os casos prevaleceram na faixa etária de 30 a 34 anos (11,4%) enquanto os óbitos mantiveram-se nos maiores de 80 anos (32,3%). Quando comparados os picos epidemiológicos, verificou-se importante aumento no número de casos (62,6%) e redução no quantitativo de óbitos (23,4%). Conclusões: A COVID-19 no Ceará apresenta painéis ambíguos, onde o aumento de novos casos pode refletir a não adesão populacional às medidas comportamentais, e o declínio no número de óbitos parece decorrer da ampliação de leitos, insumos e vacinação.
Polynomial Representation of Binary Trees of Entropy Binary Codes
Authors: Morozov Denys
Published: September 2022

An important component of streaming large amounts of information are algorithms for compressing information flow. Which in turn are divided into lossless compression algorithms (entropic) - Shannon, Huffman, arithmetic coding, conditional compression - LZW, and otherinformation cone injections and lossy compression algorithms - such as mp3, jpeg and others.

It is important to follow a formal strategy when building a lossy compression algorithm. It can be formulated as follows. After describing the set of objects that are atomic elements of exchange in the information flow, it is necessary to build an abstract scheme of this description, which will determine the boundary for abstract sections of this scheme, which begins the allowable losses.

Approaches to the detection of an abstract scheme that generates compression algorithms with allowable losses can be obtained from the context of the subject area. For example, an audio stream compression algorithm can divide a signal into simple harmonics and leave among them those that are within a certain range of perception. Thus, the output signal is a certain abstraction of the input, which contains important information in accordance with the context of auditory perception of the audio stream and is represented by less information. A similar approach is used in the mp3 format, which is a compressed representation.

Unlike lossy compression algorithms, entropic compression algorithms do not require contextanalysis, but can be built according to the frequency picture. Among the known algorithms for constructing such codes are the Shannon-Fano algorithm, the Huffman algorithm and arithmetic coding.

Finding the information entropy for a given Shannon code is a trivial task. The inverse problem, namely finding the appropriate Shannon codes that have a predetermined entropy and with probabilities that are negative integer powers of two, is quite complex. It can be solved by direct search, but a significant disadvantage of this approach is its computational complexity. This article offers an alternative technique for finding such codes.
Risk Modelling Approaches for Student-like Models with Fractal Activity Time
Authors: Solomanchuk Georgiy , Shchestyuk Nataliya
Published: September 2022

The paper focuses on value at risk (V@R) measuring for Student-like models of markets with fractal activity time (FAT). The fractal activity time models were introduced by Heyde to try to encompass the empirically found characteristics of real data and elaborated on for Variance Gamma, normal inverse Gaussian and skewed Student distributions. But problem of evaluating an value at risk for this model was not researched. It is worth to mention that if we use normal or symmetric Student`s models than V@R can be computed using standard statistical packages. For calculating V@R for Student-like models we need Monte Carlo method and the iterative scheme for simulating N scenarios of stock prices. We model stock prices as a diffusion processes with the fractal activity time and for modeling increments of fractal activity time we use another diffusion process, which has a given marginal inverse gamma distribution.

The aim of the paper is to perform and compare V@R Monte Carlo approach and Markowitz approach for Student-like models in terms of portfolio risk. For this purpose we propose procedure of calculating V@R for two types of investor portfolios. The first one is uniform portfolio, where d assets are equally distributed. The second is optimal Markowitz portfolio, for which variance of return is the smallest out of all other portfolios with the same mean return.

The programmed model which was built using R-statistics can be used as to the simulations for any asset and for construct optimal portfolios for any given amount of assets and then can be used for understanding how this optimal portfolio behaves compared to other portfolios for Student-like models of markets with fractal activity time.

Also we present numerical results for evaluating V@R for both types of investor portfolio. We show that optimal Markovitz portfolio demonstrates in the most of cases the smallest possible Value at Risk comparing with other portfolios. Thus, for making investor decisions under uncertainty we recommend to apply portfolio optimization and value at risk approach jointly.
Developing a Growth Learning Data Mindset
Authors: Vigentini Lorenzo , Swibel Brad , Hasler Garth
Published: September 2022

While Learning Analytics (LA) have gained momentum in higher education, there are still few examples of application in the school sector. Even fewer cases are reported of systematic, organizational adoption to drive the support of student learning trajectories that includes teachers, pastoral leaders, and academic managers. This paper presents one such case — at the intersection of praxis, governance, and evaluation — from a practitioner perspective. The paper describes the added value of data-driven approaches to create a culture of improvement in students and teachers in a comprehensive coeducational independent day school in Sydney. Evaluating the work done over the past five years to develop LA dashboards, the authors reflect on the process, the inspirations coming from theory, and the impact of the dashboards in the secondary school context. The data presented is not experimental in nature but supplies tangible evidence for the systematic evaluation scaffolded using the SHEILA policy framework. The main contribution of the paper is a practical demonstration of how managers in a secondary school drew from existing literature and observed data to 1) reflect on the adoption of LA in schools and 2) connect the dots between theory and practice to support teachers grappling with the trajectories of student learning and development, thus encouraging students to self-regulate their learning
Designing Affirmative Action Policies under Uncertainty
Authors: Hertweck Corinna , Castillo Carlos , Mathioudakis Michael
Published: September 2022

We study university admissions under a centralized system that uses grades and standardized test scores to match applicants to university programs. In the context of this system, we explore affirmative action policies that seek to narrow the gap between the admission rates of different socio-demographic groups while still accepting students with high scores. Since there is uncertainty about the score distribution of the students who will apply to each program, it is unclear what policy would have the desired effect on the admission rates of different groups. We address this challenge by using a predictive model trained on historical data to help optimize the parameters of such policies. We find that a learned predictive model does significantly better than relying on the ideal parameters for the last year. At the same time, we also find that a large pool of historical data yields similar results as our predictive approach for our data. Due to the more complex nature of the predictive approach, we conclude that a simpler approach should be preferred if enough data is available (e.g., long-standing, traditional university programs), but not for newer programs and other cases in which our predictive strategy can prove helpful.
The Procedure for Performing the IT Search - Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects
Authors: Barbu Denisa
Published: September 2022

The term "search" originates from the French language, from the word "perquisition", which generally means a "forage". The legislator clearly provided the forms of the search, i.e. home search, computer search, the search made on a person or vehicle, but it should also be mentioned that, from the point of view of the terminology of this term, the specialized literature noted a difference between the search that has a judicial character, thus being subject to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, as an evidentiary procedure, and the extra judicial activities that are incidental to special rules (for example, during a trip by plane, when people arrive and board and they are searched to avoid the transport of prohibited products or weapons and explosives that may endanger the lives of citizens) (Lorincz, 2015, p. 211).
Brief Presentation of the Types of Evidence, Means of Proof and the Evidence Procedures
Authors: Pană Silviu Nicolae
Published: September 2022

In order to be able to fully understand what the evidence, means of proof and evidentiary procedures represent, we appreciate that it is necessary to first of all consider the representation of these elements in the criminal trial.

In the activity of finding out a factual situation, it must be researched, because it is not self-evident. So, with regard to the criminal process, the mechanism is paramount, because the judicial bodies are forced, according to the legal provisions, to carry out any necessary steps to establish, discover and prove, beyond any reasonable doubt, the guilt of a person suspected of committing a crime. Thus, in the doctrine, it is appreciated that this activity must be carried out by the judicial bodies only through collecting evidence.

Evidence is considered to be formed of the essential elements that lead to finding out the truth, that determine the existence or non-existence of a criminal act and the identification of person who committed it, the intended purpose being that of solving the case fairly.

These are aleso facts that are assimilated to factual circumstances, that are not part of the criminal process per se, but acquire a procedural character due to the fact that they refer to the object of the trial, and are also researched through the steps taken to administer evidence in the criminal process.
The Connection between the Institution of Special Methods of Supervision and Research and the Fundamental Principles of Law
Authors: Popoiag Andra
Published: September 2022

The use of special methods of surveillance and research is not a social novelty, considering the fact that both technology and crime have a long existence. It should also be noted that the dynamics of the regulation of these institutions is themed on two premises, the first of which is represented, as was normal, by the ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Council of Europe, 1950), and the second is that of constant technological evolution. In relation to this last aspect, the doctrine rightly considered that "the technical means of surveillance will always be one step ahead of the legislation" (Grădinaru, 2014, p. 7).
Landsat 8 Oli Satellite Imagery Mapping and Analysis of Bedrock Fracture Networks in the Departments of Yamoussoukro and Toumodi (Central Cote d’Ivoire)
Authors: Guillaume Atte Atte , Brice Konan-Waidhet Arthur , Parfait Sombe Abé , Jacques Kokobou Kouassi Hervé , Jean Biemi
Published: September 2022

This study focuses on the departments of Yamoussoukro and Toumodi located in central Côte d'Ivoire where the problem of drinking water supply is a growing reality. Its objective is to map and analyze the fracturing likely to develop underground aquifers from Landsat 8 OLI data. The set of techniques (color composition, directional and gradient filters) used resulted in the enhancement of linear structures present on satellite images, allowing a better mapping of geological features. The linear map obtained, after the different treatments, is very dense and includes 2063 lineaments. The validation of these different linear structures was made on the basis of the drillings already carried out, from the data of the geophysics. The analysis of the fracture networks has highlighted two dominant directions which are N0°-10° (N-S) and N90°-100° (E-W) highlighting the heterogeneity of the geological formations. These results constitute an essential contribution to the exploitation of groundwater resources in the departments of Yamoussoukro and Toumodi.
Bien-être des étudiants dans les contextes de conflit violent prolongé
Authors: Marchais Gauthier , Gupta Sweta , Brandt Cyril Owen
Published: September 2022

Dans les contextes de conflit violent prolongé, les milieux scolaires jouent un rôle clé dans le bien-être psychologique, social et émotionnel des enfants. Les recherches menées en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) par le projet éducatif REALISE permettent de mieux comprendre comment les conflits violents pénètrent dans les écoles, les relations entre le personnel scolaire, les élèves, les parents et la communauté locale, et le rôle de l’entourage social des enfants. Elles permettent d’identifier les considérations clés pour les projets d’éducation opérant dans ces contextes et la manière dont ils peuvent soutenir au mieux le bien-être des enfants, y compris ceux qui sont extrêmement isolés ou qui subissent une marginalisation basée sur le sexe ou sur leur appartenance à une minorité.