bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of current incidents and risk calculations used in the Royal College of Australasian Pathologists Key Incident Management and Monitoring Systems - a system that could be used by all Australasian medical laboratories, and easily adapted to worldwide use
Authors: Pope Belinda , Badrick Tony , Whiley Michael , Gay Stephanie
Published: December 2021

The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs (RCPAQAP) Key Incident Monitoring and Management Systems (KIMMS) program has found that some existing Quality Indicators are too broad or not well defined. The risk matrix in use does not allow changes in incident Detection or Probability. In 2020, a review was performed: what issues should KIMMS include as Key Incidents and how could risk measurement be improved?
Twenty-seven networked and stand-alone laboratories enrolled in KIMMS during 2020 were surveyed on 45 current and new indicators of risk in the total testing process. They were asked which indicators they considered were significant in causing patient harm. Existing risk matrices in use by members of the KIMMS Advisory Committee laboratories were reviewed regarding their size or structure (3x3 or 5x5) and the descriptions of consequences and probability.
Thirteen participants indicated 21 indicators should be monitored, and the KIMMS Advisory committee added a further 13 (11 from the remaining 24 and 2 new). Of the five risk matrices reviewed, all consistently used a 5x5 matrix to estimate Consequences vs Probability of harm. The KIMMS advisory committee added a third parameter to the calculation of Risk, Detectability.
All 34 pre- and post- indicators should be monitored, covering all aspects of the total testing cycle other than analytical. The risk measurement can be improved by introducing a 5x5 risk matrix to evaluate harm (consequences x probability) and then evaluating risk by adding detectability; risk equals harm x detectability.
Religion and Development
Authors: Klaasen John
Published: December 2021

This article is a contribution to the discourse on religion and development. The contribution seeks to investigate the role of religious conceptualisations in development. Theological anthropology, and specifically the Christian doctrine of the imago Dei, is critically analysed from the historical-biblical approach, a feminist and postcolonial approach, and a contextual approach. Themes such as progression, responsibility, relationships, and the spiritual dimension of personhood are identified as contributing toward the role of religion in development. Drawing from theological concepts such as “vocation,” “rule,” “image,” and “likeness,” the specific connections between religion and development derives from the central theological anthropological doctrine of the imago Dei. The themes that are identified are not explored exhaustively but are nonetheless highlighted as markers that should be considered by both practitioners and academics in the broad-based development discourse and practices. The limitations of the modernisation and materialistic approaches of the post-war period are countered by the centrality of personhood.
Human Rights and Structural Inequality in the Shadow of COVID-19—A New Chapter in the Culture Wars?
Authors: Zagor Matthew
Published: December 2021

This article takes as its starting point the convergence of two rights-related grassroots movements given momentum by the pandemic’s manifestly discriminatory impact: the push to recognise and address racism as a public health crisis, and the global influence of the Black Lives Matter (‘BLM’) movement. It considers the relevance of this moment to international human rights law, the adequacy of the response from its key institutions, and the conservative backlash, framed within the rhetoric of rights, that is challenging the very idea of structural racism. In doing so, it argues that we are witnessing a new stage of the culture wars around the language, method and assumptions of human rights law with which the discipline must engage pragmatically and strategically.
A new species of Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the mountainous region of Atlantic Forest, southeastern Brazil, with a new phylogeny and diagnose for Ischnocnema parva series
Authors: SILVA-SOARES THIAGO , FERREIRA RODRIGO BARBOSA , ORNELLAS IAGO SILVA , ZOCCA CÁSSIO Z. , CARAMASCHI ULISSES , CRUZ CARLOS ALBERTO GONÇALVES
Published: December 2021

We describe a new species of Rain Frog from Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, which harbors high richness, endemism and threatened species of anurans. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. is a leaf litter breeder from the montane rainforest of Santa Teresa, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Remarkably, the new species is so far unique amongst Ischnocnema for having moderate hand webbing between fingers. Ischnocnema crassa sp. nov. is the third species belonging to I. parva series and we present a new phylogeny based on molecular data and propose a new diagnosis for the series. We provide field and laboratory observations regarding amplexus, antipredator mechanisms, microhabitat preferences and conservation remarks.  Although Santa Teresa is one of the most sampled areas in Brazil, new species are often discovered. Santa Teresa is a priority for amphibian conservation because it harbors 109 species of anurans (9% of Brazil’s species).
Description of a new deep-water species of Heteroclinus (Pisces: Teleostei: Clinidae), from southern Australia
Authors: HOESE DOUGLASS F. , POGONOSKI JOHN J.
Published: December 2021

Heteroclinus argyrospilos, n. sp. is described as a new species from specimens sampled by sled and dredge in 55–100 m off South Australia and Western Australia. The species has a strongly compressed body and spatulate orbital tentacle similar to some shallow water species, particularly those of the Heteroclinus heptaeolus complex, which is characterized by having three segmented dorsal-fin rays, with the last two rays widely separate from the first ray. It is distinct from other Australian clinids in having two segmented dorsal-fin rays, well separated from the last dorsal-fin spine and a reduced lateral line on the body. It is known from a greater depth than other members of the genus.
Keeping the master cool, every day, all day: Punkah-pulling in colonial India
Authors: Sengupta Ritam
Published: December 2021

This article studies how the distribution of the work of punkah-pulling in European households and barracks of colonial India involved European masters making gradually multiplying claims on their servants’ labouring time and how these claims fared in practice. The laborious task of punkah-pulling in such establishments was often resisted by native servants on counts of caste, custom or simply exhaustion. In the context of such conflicts, this article tries to understand how the colonial state and its legal and regulatory functions mediated the contested terrain of domestic and service work over the nineteenth century. Over the latter half of this century, punkah-pulling became a separate occupation, even as this occupation slid down the hierarchy of service work and became a more pronounced target of recurring racial violence. Against this background, the article also tries to grapple with the material limits encountered by the regimes of work involved in the cheap, day-and-night conduct of punkah-pulling that eventually led up to the acceptance of mechanised alternatives.
Compulsory and voluntary admissions in comparison: A 9-year long observational study
Authors: Draghetti Stefano , Alberti Siegfried , Borgiani Gianluca , Panariello Fabio , De Ronchi Diana , Atti Anna Rita
Published: December 2021

Background:

Few studies, so far, have been specifically designed to highlight the features related to Compulsory Admissions (CA) and Voluntary Admissions (VA) in Italian psychiatric emergency wards.

Aims:

The main purpose of this observational study was to compare the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of VA and CA and to explore possible predictors of re-admissions.

Methods:

During a 6-month Index Period (February, the 1st–July, the 31st 2008) all psychiatric admissions were documented and then followed-up through all available informatic systems for the next 9 years.

Results:

Out of 390 hospitalizations, 101 (25.9%) were compulsory (CA rate was 2.79 per 10,000 inhabitants per year, mean duration of hospitalizations of 7.33 ± 7.84 days). Diagnoses were recorded for the 325 patients who had been hospitalized during index period: schizophrenic psychoses ([ p = .042], in particular schizophrenia [ p = .027]), manic episode ( p = .044), and delusional disorders ( p = .009) were associated with CA; conversely, the diagnosis of unipolar major depression ( p = .005) and personality disorders ( p = .048) were significantly more frequent in VA. The 325 admitted patients were followed up for 1,801 person-years. No significant differences were found in terms of drop-outs, transferring, and discharge rates, and mortality rates due to both natural causes and suicides. Factors associated with at least one compulsory readmission were younger age and having had a previous CA ( p = .011); conversely having been engaged with psychiatric services for over 1 year prior to index hospitalization was protective for a subsequent CA ( p = .013).

Conclusions:

After a 40-year old political reform, the current study shows that, in a context of integrated outpatient and inpatient services, engagement with outpatient care may be protective for compulsory rehospitalization.
A Comparison of Marijuana Use Across Different Levels of Justice-Involved Populations
Authors: Martins Traccy A.W. , Ford Jason A.
Published: December 2021

A large portion of the U.S. population is justice-involved, an important at-risk population with poor physical/mental health outcomes and increased rates of substance use. Using the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the current study assesses marijuana use across level of community-based justice involvement (i.e., arrest, probation, and parole) among adults. Given increasing rates of marijuana use and a relative lack of research, the current study addresses an important gap in the literature. Findings from logistic regression analysis show that adults who had been arrested or were on probation were more likely to use marijuana compared to adults with no justice involvement, while adults on parole were less likely to use marijuana than those on probation. This study offers evidence of differences in marijuana use across level of justice involvement, which may be attributable to other substance use behaviors, and has important implications for criminal justice practice.
THE NEOREALISM AND NEOLIBERALISM BEHIND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DURING COVID‐19
Authors: Alhammadi Abdullah
Published: December 2021

The literature contains much discussion on the contemporary differences between neorealism and neoliberalism, especially in the context of international relations. However there have, as yet, been limited attempts to investigate how these international relations theories fare in explaining state responses to the COVID‐19 outbreak. This study reviews the conceptual frameworks underpinning neorealism and neoliberalism and applies them to key state behaviors during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Some examples of neorealism attached to the current pandemic include: criticism of the role of the World Health Organization, the closure of international borders, international competition to collect pharmaceutical products, bans on exports, richer states protecting their national interests, the international misuse of power during emergency orders, restrictions placed on the international media, and the deployment of military forces. By contrast, neoliberalism's focus on international cooperation is noted in U.S., Chinese, and other countries’ attempts to distribute knowledge and aid internationally, as well as in the efforts of key international organizations like the World Health Organization and the global Covax initiative. I offer an evidence‐based conceptual framework using neorealism and neoliberalism to show how both have informed international behavior during the COVID‐19 outbreak—although continued emphasis on the former shows few signs of abating as the pandemic approaches its third year.
Online, Hybrid, and Face-to-Face Learning Through the Eyes of Faculty, Students, Administrators, and Instructional Designers: Lessons Learned and Directions for the Post-Vaccine and Post-Pandemic/COVID-19 World
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Evans Erica , Reed Amber , Karch Lisa , Qualey Karen , Singh Lovely , Wiersma Hannah
Published: December 2021

This exploratory study builds upon the expertise of a panel of faculty, administrators, students, and instructional designers (IDs) who lived through the pandemic and dealt with the associated challenges firsthand. These participants provided insight on how to establish systems that would create successful online teaching and learning opportunities in the post-vaccine and post-pandemic world. Four major themes emerged: (a) integrating technology to facilitate and enhance education; (b) structural support and resources needed to build sound processes for effective online education; (c) establishing faculty presence to facilitate learning; and (d) joint ownership and responsibility of learning—everyone must play a part. These themes have been described in light of theoretical frameworks, such as the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model, Community of Inquiry (COI), and Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). Finally, evidence-based tips will allow academic institutions to successfully emerge out of the pandemic while still making plans to adjust and adapt in the post-vaccine world.
How counter-fate relational practices mitigate resource acquisition challenges during project nascence
Authors: Smith Celina , Autio Erkko
Published: December 2021

Research shows that embedded relations can facilitate the resource acquisition process in entrepreneurship. Yet, as relations are dynamic and subject to change, it remains unclear how entrepreneurs can acquire necessary resources when pre-existing ties may not yet or no longer be relevant, sufficient or accessible. Under these circumstances, acquiring necessary resources is a challenge and one that novice entrepreneurs in project-based enterprises face repeatedly as they seek to sustain their businesses. Evidence from 123 projects developed by six newly formed independent television production companies in the United Kingdom shows that new entrepreneurs can manoeuvre around constraints by engaging in one of four counter-fate relational practices: posturing (i.e. exaggerating interest from key ties), status sequencing (i.e. developing key relations in sequence based on status), geographic sequencing (i.e. attaining key ties in sequence based on location), and opportunistic manoeuvring (i.e. manipulating the opportunism of potential resource holders). We contribute to entrepreneurship research by showing how resources can be acquired despite a lack of key embedded ties, and highlight enabling conditions; and to project studies by illustrating how projects progress past nascence to launch and acquire new clients or repeat commissions.
Experiences of gifted students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Fatih , Islekeller-Bozca Aysegul
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 began to spread all over the world in the Spring of 2020. All schools, including the institutions serving students with special needs, were closed to decrease the spread of the virus. The schools had to shift to online education, which was a new experience for most students. In addition to the negative effects of the pandemic itself, the new learning format required extra effort from students. Gifted and talented students as a special group with special educational and socio-emotional needs may have experienced the pandemic differently. In the present study, we aimed to explore gifted and talented students’ subjective well-being, feelings of hope, and stress coping strategies with a quantitative method. In addition, we used a qualitative method and asked a few open-ended questions to dig deeper into these students’ experiences during the pandemic. We found a statistically significant correlation among subjective well-being, hope, and stress coping strategies. Effective stress coping strategies are used more frequently than negative ones. We revealed that although there are some positive sides to the process, the students described some difficulties with social interaction, access and use of technology, motivation, and physical health. Based on the findings, we suggested some important implications and recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers.
The Effects of Expertise, Status Power, and Language Use on Perception of Task Partner
Authors: Paik Jihyun Esther , van Swol Lyn M.
Published: December 2021

An experiment manipulated the relative expertise and status power of dyad task partners, examining how expertise and status power affect language use and if linguistic cues that emerged during the interaction influence a partner's assessment of the speaker's competence. One hundred twenty-eight dyads worked together on a problem-solving task without knowing who had received better quality information beforehand. One hundred twenty-four interactions were transcribed and quantified using both language software and human coders. Members with superior expertise spoke more words and used more tag questions than those with less expertise. The data did not yield support for more politeness in low-status members’ language nor more confidence in high-expertise members’ language. Members who spoke more were perceived as more competent by partners. Members who used more hedges were perceived as more competent and polite. Results identified language features that can be used strategically to exert influence on others and manage impressions.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of chronic kidney disease: an experimental in vivo study using rat chronic kidney disease models
Authors: Kim Sang Youn , Kim Hyeonjin , Lee Joongyub , Jung Sung Il , Moon Min Hoan , Joo Kwon Wook , Cho Jeong Yeon
Published: December 2021

Background

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow it to be an alternative emerging tool for the non-invasive evaluation of renal parenchymal disease.

Purpose

To validate the usefulness of quantitative multiparametric MRI protocols and suggest the suitable quantitative MR sequence protocol to evaluate parenchymal fibrosis using an animal model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by long-term adenine intake.

Material and Methods

In this prospective animal study, 16 male Wistar rats were analyzed and categorized into three groups. Rats in the CKD groups underwent 0.25% adenine administration for three or six weeks. Quantitative MRI protocols, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1ρ (T1 rho), and T2* mapping were performed using a 9.4-T animal MR scanner. A semi-quantitative histopathologic analysis for renal fibrosis was conducted. Quantitative MR values measured from anatomic regions of kidneys underwent intergroup comparative analyses.

Results

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T1 (T1 rho) values were significantly increased in all CKD groups. Values measured from the cortex and outer medulla showed significant intergroup differences. Total ADC values tended to increase according to periods, and T1ρ values increased in three weeks and decreased in six weeks.

Conclusion

Quantitative MRI protocols could be a non-invasive assessment modality in the diagnosis and evaluation of CKD. Particularly, T1ρ may be a suitable MR sequence to quantitatively assess renal parenchymal fibrosis.
Postoperative progression of intracranial grade II–III solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: predictive value of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging semantic features
Authors: Li Shenglin , Zhang Bin , Zhang Peng , Xue Caiqiang , Deng Juan , Liu Xianwang , Zhou Junlin
Published: December 2021

Background

Preoperative prediction of postoperative tumor progression of intracranial grade II–III hemangiopericytoma is the basis for clinical treatment decisions.

Purpose

To use preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) semantic features for predicting postoperative tumor progression in patients with intracranial grade II–III solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC).

Material and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative MRI data of 42 patients with intracranial grade II–III SFT/HPC, as confirmed by surgical resection and pathology in our hospital from October 2010 to October 2017, who were followed up for evaluation of recurrence, metastasis, or death. We applied strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally included 37 patients. The follow-up time was in the range of 8–120 months (mean = 57.1 months).

Results

Single-factor survival analysis revealed that tumor grade (log-rank, P = 0.024), broad-based tumor attachment to the dura mater (log-rank, P = 0.009), a blurred tumor-brain interface (log-rank, P = 0.008), skull invasion (log-rank, P = 0.002), and the absence of postoperative radiotherapy (log-rank, P = 0.006) predicted postoperative intracranial SFT/HPC progression. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that tumor grade ( P = 0.009; hazard ratio [HR] = 11.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.832–71.150), skull invasion ( P = 0.014; HR = 5.72; 95% CI = 1.421–22.984), and the absence of postoperative radiotherapy ( P = 0.001; HR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.008–0.315) were independent predictors of postoperative intracranial SFT/HPC progression.

Conclusion

Broad-based tumor attachment to the dura mater, skull invasion, and blurring of the tumor–brain interface can predict postoperative intracranial SFT/HPC progression.
Effect of decreased contrast injection flow rate on aortic enhancement in 80-KV peak CT with contrast dose reduction
Authors: Morisaka Hiroyuki , Matsuura Koichiro , Yamaguchi Haruomi , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Onishi Hiroshi
Published: December 2021

Background

Effect of decreased injection flow rate of contrast agent at the same iodine dose and delivery rate on aortic enhancement has not been clearly elucidated.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of decreased injection flow rate of contrast agent on aortic peak enhancement in a dynamic flow phantom and on aortic enhancement in clinical dynamic 80-kVp computed tomography (CT) with contrast dose reduction.

Material and Methods

In the dynamic flow phantom experiment, the effect of a decreased injection flow rate at the same total iodine dose and delivery rate on simulated aortic peak enhancement was evaluated. In the clinical retrospective study, we searched 312 patients with renal dysfunction who underwent an 80-kVp abdominal dynamic CT with 40% reduction of contrast agent from a standard 120-kVp protocol and measured the aortic enhancement at the level of the hepatic hilum. Independent predictors for aortic enhancement were determined by multiple linear regression analysis, and after adjustment of significant predictors, independent variables for acquiring optimal aortic enhancement, ≥300 HU, were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

In the phantom experiment, decreased flow rate showed a significant but small descent effect (6%–9%) on simulated aortic peak enhancement. In the multiple linear regression analysis, only age was an independent predictor of aortic enhancement; there was no independent predictor for optimal age-adjusted aortic enhancement of ≥300 HU.

Conclusions

Decreased injection flow rate had a small influence on aortic enhancement in vitro but had no significant effect on the aortic enhancement in clinical dynamic 80-kVp CT.
Nonconsensual Sexual Experience Histories of Incarcerated Men: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: McKie Raymond M. , Sternin Shulamit , Kilimnik Chelsea D. , Levere Drake D. , Humphreys Terry P. , Reesor Alyna , Reissing Elke D.
Published: December 2021

Nonconsensual sexual experiences (NSEs) may contribute to mental health concerns among incarcerated individuals, yet NSEs are understudied in this population. This study takes a novel approach in examining the prevalence of NSEs among incarcerated males by utilizing both quantitative and qualitative measures. The sample consisted of 189 men from three provincial maximum-security prisons in Ontario, Canada. Based on quantitative findings, 44.2% of the sample experienced NSEs before the age of 18, and 41.7% of the sample endorsed an experience that fit the legal definition of a NSEs as adults. Participants also responded to a qualitative open-ended question about their history of NSEs. Based on qualitative findings, a total of 23% of the men reported at least one incident of a NSE (e.g., child and adult). Based Findings highlight the high prevalence of NSEs among incarcerated men with quantitative responses demonstrating how the use of a behavioral questionnaire may, to some extent, correct for underreporting of NSEs. Qualitative responses illustrate the lived experience of incarcerated men and provide a deeper understanding of their NSEs. Responses also speak to the lack of resources and support available to these men. Findings underscore the need for proactive approaches in meeting mental health needs of incarcerated men in general and with regard to NSEs in particular. Results may inform the development of future correctional procedures (i.e., intake protocols that account for men with NSEs) and resources to support incarcerated men in navigating the psychological impact of non-consensual sexual experiences.
Gig work as migrant work: The platformization of migration infrastructure
Authors: van Doorn Niels , Vijay Darsana
Published: December 2021

With markets concentrating predominantly in and around large cities, gig platforms across the globe seem to depend as much on the cheap labor of migrants and minorities as on investment capital and permissive governments. Accordingly, we argue that there is an urgent need to center migrant experiences and the role of migrant labor in gig economy research, in order to generate a better understanding of how gig work offers certain opportunities and challenges to migrants with a variety of backgrounds and skill levels. To fill this research gap, this article examines why migrant workers in Berlin, Amsterdam, and New York take up platform labor and how they incorporate it into their everyday lives and migration trajectories. Additionally, it considers the extent to which gig platforms are emerging as actors in the political economy of migration, as a result of how they absorb migrant labor and mediate migrant mobilities. We move beyond the existing parameters of gig economy research by engaging with two strands of literature on migration and migrant labor that, we feel, are particularly useful for framing our analysis: the autonomy of migration approach and the migration infrastructures perspective. Combining these conceptual lenses enables us not only to critically situate migrant gig workers’ experiences but also to identify a broader development: the platformization of low-wage labor markets that are an integral component of migration infrastructures.
Transitions Into and Out of Voluntary Work Over the Life Course: What is the Effect of Major Life Events?
Authors: Niebuur Jacobien , Liefbroer Aart C. , Steverink Nardi , Smidt Nynke
Published: December 2021

The aim of the current study is to investigate which major life events are associated with transitions into and out of volunteering over the life course and, especially, why these associations exist. Social Production Function theory is used to derive hypotheses, which are tested using longitudinal data (adult subsample) from Lifelines. Associations between major life events and (a) volunteer take-up, nonvolunteer sample ( N = 59,773) and (b) volunteer cessation, volunteer sample ( N = 32,143) are studied by applying Linear Probability Modeling. Results show clear associations between specific major life events and starting and quitting volunteering. The influence on the latter is stronger than on the former. Most findings are in line with our theory-based expectations indicating that (a) voluntary work contributes especially to the fulfillment of the needs for status, stimulation, and behavioral confirmation and (2) life events causing losses (gains) in these needs are associated with a higher likelihood to take-up (quit) volunteering.
Concordance correlation coefficients estimated by modified variance components and generalized estimating equations for longitudinal overdispersed Poisson data
Authors: Tsai Miao-Yu , Sun Chia-Ni , Lin Chao-Chun
Published: December 2021

For longitudinal overdispersed Poisson data sets, estimators of the intra-, inter-, and total concordance correlation coefficient through variance components have been proposed. However, biased estimators of quadratic forms are used in concordance correlation coefficient estimation. In addition, the generalized estimating equations approach has been used in estimating agreement for longitudinal normal data and not for longitudinal overdispersed Poisson data. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified variance component approach to develop the unbiased estimators of the concordance correlation coefficient for longitudinal overdispersed Poisson data. Further, the indices of intra-, inter-, and total agreement through generalized estimating equations are also developed considering the correlation structure of longitudinal count repeated measurements. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the performance of the modified variance component and generalized estimating equation approaches for longitudinal Poisson and overdispersed Poisson data sets. An application of corticospinal diffusion tensor tractography study is used for illustration. In conclusion, the modified variance component approach performs outstandingly well with small mean square errors and nominal 95% coverage rates. The generalized estimating equation approach provides in model assumption flexibility of correlation structures for repeated measurements to produce satisfactory concordance correlation coefficient estimation results.
Decolonizing the Color-Line: A Topological Analysis of W.E.B. Du Bois's Infographics for the 1900 Paris Exposition
Authors: Olman Lynda C.
Published: December 2021

As infographics are implicated in racist policies like redlining, we need to decolonize the genre. But previous studies have found that infographics’ panopticism—their at-a-glance reduction of complex issues—makes them tend to support hegemonic power structures in spite of their designers’ intentions. A way out of this dilemma can be located in the first attempt to decolonize the infographic: W.E.B. Du Bois's series depicting Black life in the United States, created for the 1900 Paris Exposition. This topological analysis of Du Bois's decolonial project reveals both problematic and promising avenues for our own attempts to decolonize the infographic.
School Nurses Practices Promoting Self-Management and Healthcare Transition Skills for Adolescents with Chronic Conditions in Urban Public Schools: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Charlucien-Koech Roselaine , Brady Jacqueline , Fryer Anne , Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris Maria E.
Published: December 2021

Background: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic conditions should acquire self-management skills as part of their healthcare transition (HCT) from pediatric to adult-focused care. HCT/self-management skills have the potential to help mitigate health disparities among minority AYA with chronic conditions. This study investigated school nurses’ practices promoting HCT/self-management skills in urban public schools. Methods: Seventy-nine nurses from three urban school districts in Massachusetts completed a survey of 32 Likert-type questions on HCT/self-management skills, eight demographic questions, and five open-ended practice questions assessing how often they have asked students with chronic conditions about HCT/self-management skills, based on the UNC TRxANSITION IndexTM. Results: Among the 79 school nurses who participated (response rate 76%), 67% never or rarely assessed students’ knowledge of HCT/self-management, and 90% would use a tool that promotes/measures HCT/self-management skills. Conclusion: In our study sample, most school nurses acknowledged the importance of assessing HCT/self-management skills. The majority favored using a tool to promote these skills.
Is the volatility of international tourism revenues affected by tourism source market structure? An empirical analysis of Turkey
Authors: Ağazade Seymur , Tükenmez Egemen Güneş , Uzun Merve
Published: December 2021

This study examines the effect of tourism source market structure on the volatility of tourism revenues in Turkey, using the number of tourists according to nationality and the data on international tourism revenues. The tourism source market structure was measured using the normalized Herfindahl–Hirschman index and the relative entropy index, which is based on the number of tourists visiting Turkey from 107 source markets. The volatility of tourism revenues and the effect of tourism source market structure on this volatility were assessed using the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) method. The results show that both variables measuring tourism source market structure affect the volatility of tourism revenues. Accordingly, the concentration of the tourism source market increases the volatility of tourism revenues, whereas source market diversification decreases it.
μSmartScope – Towards a low-cost microscopic medical device for cervical cancer screening using additive manufacturing and optimization
Authors: Brandão Pedro , Silva Paulo T , Parente Marco , Rosado Luís
Published: December 2021

Developing a low-cost medical device requires numerous stages of prototyping, where using traditional manufacturing technologies can increase development costs. The current study presents the development of a critical component for a low-cost microscope whose goal is to confer an inexpensive solution for automated analysis of microscopic smears. A novel design methodology was developed to optimize the achieved solution. During the exploration of this methodology, it is asked: how can an additive-manufactured prototype be cost-effective for accurate examination of cervical cytology smears? To understand the effect on cost and tensile strength that infill density and perimeter wall count, tensile tests were conducted. These results combined with the developed methodology achieved the most cost-effective solution. To achieve this, topology optimization was used to improve the stiffness-per-weight ratio of different parts. Finally, design for additive manufacturing and topology optimization was proven as an effective design tool.
Studying insecurity from relative safety — Dealing with methodological blind spots
Authors: de Vries Lotje , Glawion Tim
Published: December 2021

Qualitative empirical enquiries into dynamics of security and insecurity often include a blind spot that bear theoretical ramifications because only those areas and respondents that allow for relatively safe fieldwork are studied. To transparently articulate the spheres of projection that creep into our knowledge production, we propose a distinction between inner and outer circles as highly fluid but separate geographical, socio-political and methodological spaces. Drawing on fieldwork in the Central African Republic and South Sudan, we discuss the risks posed by incomplete data and subsequently flawed inferences. We argue that the perceptions of fear projected onto the outer circle shape people’s behaviour more than measurable insecurity incidents and that increased interaction between actors in both circles reduces the perceived threats coming from the outer circles. We demonstrate how studying insecurity from inner circles risks securitizing outer circles while further centralizing the inner ones. We thus urge transparency in data collection and the related inferences that underpin our knowledge production.
The best broths are cooked in the oldest pans: An empirical test of the practice-based view in the wine industry
Authors: Barthélemy Jérôme
Published: December 2021

The practice-based view has recently been proposed as a counter to the resource-based view of the firm. Unlike the resource-based view, the practice-based view contends that performance differences among firms can accrue from readily available practices. Using a large sample of wines over a 20-year period, I find evidence of a significant relationship between the implementation of practices and performance. Findings also indicate that the strength of this relationship is contingent on the possession of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources (a firm-level moderator) and the prevalence of practices (an industry-level moderator). The impact of practices on performance is less pronounced when firms possess valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources. It also declines as they become more widespread in an industry.
Is a Left-to-Right >2.2°C Difference a Valid Measurement to Predict Diabetic Foot Ulceration in People with Diabetes and a History of Diabetic Foot Ulceration?
Authors: Featherston Jill , Wijlens Anke M. , van Netten Jaap J.
Published: December 2021

Monitoring foot skin temperatures at home have been shown to be effective at preventing the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, the construct validity of using >2.2°C difference between contralateral areas on the foot as a warning sign of imminent ulceration is explored. Thirty participants with diabetes at high risk of ulceration (loss of protective sensation and previous ulceration and/or amputation) monitored their foot temperatures at six sites, four times a day for six days using a handheld infrared thermometer. Walking activity, time of day, and environmental temperature were also monitored and correlated with foot temperatures. We found that contralateral mean skin temperature difference was 0.78°C at baseline. At single sites, left-to-right temperature differences exceeding the threshold were found in 9.6% of measurements ( n = 365), which reduced to 0.4% when individually corrected and confirmed the next day. No correlation was found between contralateral temperature differences and activity, time of day, and environmental temperature. We conclude that using a >2.2°C difference is invalid as a single measurement in people at high risk of ulceration, but the construct validity is appropriate if both individual corrections and next day confirmation are applied.
A Case Study on EEG Analysis: Embedding Entropy Estimations Indicate the Decreased Neuro-Cortical Complexity Levels Mediated by Methylphenidate Treatment in Children with ADHD
Authors: Çetin Fatih Hilmi , Barış Usta Miraç , Aydın Serap , Güven Ahmet Sami
Published: December 2021

Objective: Complexity analysis is a method employed to understand the activity of the brain. The effect of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on neuro-cortical complexity changes is still unknown. This study aimed to reveal how MPH treatment affects the brain complexity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using entropy-based quantitative EEG analysis. Three embedding entropy approaches were applied to short segments of both pre- and post- medication EEG series. EEG signals were recorded for 25 boys with combined type ADHD prior to the administration of MPH and at the end of the first month of the treatment. Results: In comparison to Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn), Permutation Entropy (PermEn) provided the most sensitive estimations in investigating the impact of MPH treatment. In detail, the considerable decrease in EEG complexity levels were observed at six cortical regions (F3, F4, P4, T3, T6, O2) with statistically significant level ( p < .05). As well, PermEn provided the most meaningful associations at central lobes as follows: 1) The largeness of EEG complexity levels was moderately related to the severity of ADHD symptom detected at pre-treatment stage. 2) The percentage change in the severity of opposition as the symptom cluster was moderately reduced by the change in entropy. Conclusion: A significant decrease in entropy levels in the frontal region was detected in boys with combined type ADHD undergoing MPH treatment at resting-state mode. The changes in entropy correlated with pre-treatment general symptom severity of ADHD and conduct disorder symptom cluster severity.
Determination of optimal post-warranty variable maintenance period for repairable second-hand product based on mean residual life
Authors: Lim Jae-Hak , Kim Dae Kyung , Park Dong Ho
Published: December 2021

Due to the increased transactions of second-hand products in the market, the optimization of maintenance strategy for the second-hand product has become very important issue to attract a great attention from many researchers of late. This paper proposes a new post-warranty strategy with a variable self-maintenance period for the second-hand product, assuming that the product is replaced by another one on the first failure following a fixed length of post-warranty self-maintenance period. During the non-renewing warranty period, the product is subject to preventive maintenance periodically at a prorated cost while only minimal repair is implemented at each failure by the dealer. The main goal of this study is to determine an optimal length of post-warranty self-maintenance period which minimizes the expected cost rate per unit time during the product’s life cycle from the user’s perspective. This approach considers not only the periodic preventive maintenance during the warranty period, but also the remaining life distribution of the product after the warranty expires, which is the significant difference of this work from many existing maintenance policies. For this purpose, we formulate the expected length of life cycle and evaluate the expected total cost incurred during the life cycle of the second-had product which is purchased at the age of [Formula: see text] The existence of the optimal self-maintenance period is proved analytically under mild conditions and the proposed maintenance model is compared with an existing model with regard to the expected cost rate. Finally, assuming that the life distribution of the product follows a Weibull distribution, the effect of relevant parameters on the optimal self-maintenance period is analyzed numerically.
The Risk Spillover Effects of the Real Estate Industry on the Financial Industry: A GARCH-Time-Varying-Copula-CoVaR Approach on China
Authors: Xu Yunsong , Qi Hanying , Li Jiaqi , Ding Ning
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the multiple transmission mechanisms of the real estate industry’s risk spillovers to the financial industry. A GARCH-time-varying-copula-CoVaR model is used to measure the spillover effects and dynamic evolution trends of risk in the Chinese real estate industry. The results show that (1) in recent years, the risk spillovers from the real estate industry to the whole financial industry in China has been relatively high, and the possibility of systemic risks has increased. (2) The channel of the risk spillovers of the real estate industry into the financial industry has shifted from being concentrated within a traditional single banking industry to the accumulation and superposition of risk across the banking, securities, trust industries. (3) Current regulations have not fundamentally mitigated the risk spillovers. As such, this paper proposes three suggestions on financial policies and regulations: firstly, the government should reasonably regulate cooperation between the real estate industry and the financial industry, curb excessive speculation and abnormal fluctuations in real estate prices. Secondly, the government should maintain the continuity of regulatory policies, formulate differentiated policies according to the essential attributes of given industries, and eliminate risk contagion among the real estate industry and financial industries. Thirdly, the government should improve the macro prudential management framework.
Visualizing Variation in Majority-Black Suburbs in the United States
Authors: Douds Kiara Wyndham , Lewis-McCoy R. L’Heureux , Johnson Kimberley
Published: December 2021

The aim of this visualization is to highlight sociodemographic variation among Black suburbs and spur further research on them. The authors provide a sociodemographic portrait of Black suburbs, defined as those that are more than 50 percent Black, to highlight their prevalence and variety. The 100 largest metropolitan statistical areas in 2018 contained 413 Black suburbs, representing 5 percent of all suburbs. The authors examine distributions of Black suburbs on two characteristics, median household income and housing age, to make two points. First, Black suburbs feature substantial sociodemographic variation in terms of both income and housing age. Second, this variation is not primarily a function of suburbs’ Black population share. Contrary to common assumptions, Black suburbs are not all older suburbs populated by the socioeconomically disadvantaged but include newer, middle-class, and affluent places as well.
Supporting Communication of Shared Decision-Making Principles in US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations
Authors: Eder Michelle , Ivlev Ilya , Lin Jennifer S.
Published: December 2021

Aims. This methods project was conducted to support the US Preventive Services Task Force’s (USPSTF) consideration of how information pertinent to shared decision making (SDM) can be best communicated in its recommendations. Methods. The project included a literature scan to identify SDM frameworks, audit of six USPSTF recommendations to judge the completeness of SDM communication, input from eight SDM experts on the most helpful SDM guidance to provide in USPSTF recommendations, and review of USPSTF recommendations and evidence reports to establish criteria for identifying topics that would most benefit from additional communication resources. Results. We identified eight SDM frameworks and selected one to guide the audit of USPSTF recommendations. All six recommendations include SDM elements related to the patient’s role in decision making, preventive service being considered, pros and cons of options, uncertainties about benefits and harms, and importance of patient preferences. Two SDM elements are not routinely communicated in the recommendations—identification of not screening or initiating preventive medication as an alternative and the importance of patient understanding of options. Experts offered suggestions for essential SDM elements to address, such as assessing decisional conflict to measure patient uncertainty in choosing an option and highlighting uncertainty in estimates of benefit and harm, credibility of the evidence base, precision of estimates, and applicability to the individual patient. We developed six criteria for selection of USPSTF recommendations to supplement with a communication resource. Conclusions. The findings of this project can assist the USPSTF and other clinical guideline developers in incorporating SDM information in recommendations and determining which topics would most benefit from additional communication resources to support clinicians in engaging patients in SDM.