bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tartaric Acid and Citric Acid as a Complexing Agent on Defect Structure and Conductivity of Copper Samarium Co‐Doped Ceria Prepared by a Sol‐Gel Auto‐Combustion Method
Authors: Duangsa Kornrawit , Tangtrakarn Apishok , Mongkolkachit Charusporn , Aungkavattana Pavadee , Moolsarn Klitsada
Published: July 2021

Copper samarium co‐doped ceria (CSDC) (Cu0.01Sm0.19Ce0.80O2−δ) nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol‐gel auto‐combustion of metal nitrates without a complexing agent (DI) and with tartaric acid (TA) or citric acid (CA). The solid oxide formation of CSDC/DI corresponds to the endothermic stage, whereas that of CSDC/TA and CSDC/CA matches the exothermic stage caused by the decomposition of the metal cross‐linking and carbon combustion. The cross‐linking occurs more extensively in the CA case as more heat is released in CA than in the TA route. The as‐synthesized morphology of CSDC/DI reveals both layered structures and small agglomerated particles, whereas CSDC/TA and CSDC/CA show dense xerogel and porous xerogel, respectively. The cubic fluorite structure for calcined CSDCs was confirmed by XRD. From Raman analysis, calcined CSDC/CA has the lowest amount of copper segregation and the highest relative total oxygen vacancy concentration []total, whereas calcined CSDC/DI has the highest amount of copper segregation and the lowest []total. For all samples, copper segregation promotes densification, albeit to varying degrees. The relative densities of CSDC/DI, CSDC/TA, and CSDC/CA pellets are 82.8 ± 2.4%, 95.5 ± 1.8%, and 97.8 ± 0.9%, respectively. The sintered CSDC/DI has the lowest density because some copper segregates and liquid copper in interparticle spaces could evaporate earlier than samples containing a complexing agent, whereas sintered CSDC/CA has the highest density because Cu could slowly diffuse from the Cu‐Sm‐Ce solid solution to grain boundary regions and then precipitate as CuO. The specific grain boundary conductivity is predominantly influenced by CuO along grain boundaries, which reduces specific grain boundary conductivity and increases the enthalpy of association (ΔHa) at 250–350°C; however, it rarely impacts total grain boundary conductivity at temperatures higher than 400°C. CSDC/CA has slightly higher total conductivity than CSDC/TA despite having more CuO segregation because it has higher density and .
On Some Interpolative Contractions of Suzuki Type Mappings
Authors: Fulga Andreea , Yeşilkaya Seher Sultan
Published: July 2021

The goal of this study is to propose a new interpolative contraction mapping by using an interpolative approach in the setting of complete metric spaces. We present some fixed point theorems for interpolative contraction operators using

w

-admissible maps which satisfy Suzuki type mappings. In addition, some results are given. These results generalize several new results present in the literature. Moreover, examples are provided to show the suitability of our given results.
Biventricular Impella (Bi-Pella) in Refractory Cardiogenic Shock: The First Case from the Middle East
Authors: Almejren Abdulaziz , Alenezi Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Cardiogenic shock (CS) associated with biventricular failure (BiVF) carries significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality. We describe here the successful use of percutaneous biventricular Impella (Bi-Pella) for cardiogenic shock secondary to acute biventricular myocardial infarctions (AMI-CS), as guided by parameters such as mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi), central venous pressure (CVP), and cardiac power output (CPO). We aim to highlight the promising outcomes of timely implanted biventricular Impella in (AMI-CS).
Towards Healthy Levels of Carbon Dioxide in Schools of the National Oil Company of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Abu-Rahmah Ali , Ahmad Rasheed , Haboub Abdelmaoula , Abu-Rahmah Yasmin
Published: July 2021

In their annual indoor air quality assessment for ADNOC Schools, the Abu Dhabi Education Council has reported hazardous levels (∼3000 ppm) of carbon dioxide in fifteen classrooms. Exposure of 5,090 students attending the school for ∼eight hours (typical school day) to such high levels of carbon dioxide would induce adverse health conditions like headaches, drowsiness, and lack of concentration on the short term and serious diseases like asthma and sick building syndrome on the long term. The Health, Safety, and Environment committee of the school has identified clogged air intake vents and dirty AC filters as the main cause of the high carbon dioxide concentrations reported. The outdoor (ambient) carbon dioxide level is measured and has an eight-hour average value of 419 ppm. After cleaning thoroughly, the indoor levels of carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were monitored simultaneously in each classroom and have average values of ∼1117 ppm, ∼24°C, and ∼37%, respectively. In addition, the average indoor-to-outdoor ratio of carbon dioxide has been improved from

3000

/

419

≈
7.2

before cleaning the AC filters to an average ratio of (

1,117

/

419

≈
2.7

) after cleaning. Thus, ventilation rates in the classrooms monitored in this project are adequate and the corrective actions taken were effective.
On Weak Solvability of Boundary Value Problem with Variable Exponent Arising in Nanostructure
Authors: Maadan Hicham , Askour Nour Eddine , Messaho Jamal
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to study the limit behavior of weak solutions of an elliptic problem with variable exponent, in a containing structure, of an oscillating nanolayer of thickness and periodicity parameter depending on

ε

. The generalized Sobolev space is constructed, and the epiconvergence method is considered to find the limit problem with interface conditions.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses of the Thermal Regime of a Traditional Embankment in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Mei Qihang , Chen Ji , Zhang Shouhong , Hou Xin , Zhao Jingyi , Wang Jinchang , Dang Haiming , Liu Guojun , Wu Guilong
Published: July 2021

Traditional embankment is widely used in the permafrost regions along the Qinghai‐Tibet Railway (QTR) because of its simple construction and lower cost. However, this form of embankment has insufficient ability to resist external thermal disturbance. To clarify the thermal characteristics of traditional embankment under climate warming, the ground temperature change process of section K1068 + 750 of the QTR was analysed in this study. Based on the field monitoring data from 2006 to 2019 and the established heat transfer model, the past and future changes of permafrost thermal regime under the embankment were analysed. The results show that the degradation of permafrost under the embankment is faster than that under the undisturbed site due to the combined of embankment construction and climate warming. The sunny‐shady slope effect related to embankment orientation makes the distribution of permafrost temperature under embankment asymmetric. In the long term, permafrost degrades both under the undisturbed site and embankment. The continuous degradation of permafrost causes the settlement and deformation of embankment, especially the asymmetric degradation of permafrost on sunny side and shady side will cause longitudinal cracks on the embankment. Therefore, timely application of strengthening measures which can slow down the degradation of permafrost and adjust the uneven ground temperature on the sunny and shady sides under the embankment is of great significance to the safety of the traditional embankment.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Basic Law of Dense Linear Multihole Directional Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Yuqi
Published: July 2021

Using the dense linear multihole to control the directional hydraulic fracturing is a significant technical method to realize roof control in mining engineering. By combining the large-scale true triaxial directional hydraulic fracturing experiment with the discrete element numerical simulation experiment, the basic law of dense linear holes controlling directional hydraulic fracturing was studied. The results show the following: (1) Using the dense linear holes to control directional hydraulic fracturing can effectively form directional hydraulic fractures extending along the borehole line. (2) The hydraulic fracturing simulation program is very suitable for studying the basic law of directional hydraulic fracturing. (3) The reason why the hydraulic fracture can be controlled and oriented is that firstly, due to the mutual compression between the dense holes, the maximum effective tangential tensile stress appears on the connecting line of the drilling hole, where the hydraulic fracture is easy to be initiated. Secondly, due to the effect of pore water pressure, the disturbed stress zone appears at the tip of the hydraulic fracture, and the stress concentration zone overlaps with each other to form the stress guiding strip, which controls the propagation and formation of directional hydraulic fractures. (4) The angle between the drilling line and the direction of the maximum principal stress, the in situ stress, and the hole spacing has significant effects on the directional hydraulic fracturing effect. The smaller the angle, the difference of the in situ stress, and the hole spacing, the better the directional hydraulic fracturing effect. (5) The directional effect of synchronous hydraulic fracturing is better than that of sequential hydraulic fracturing. (6) According to the multihole linear codirectional hydraulic fracturing experiments, five typical directional hydraulic fracture propagation modes are summarized.
Improved DenseNet-Based MRI in Pulmonary Nodules Diagnosis and Benign and Malignant Differentiation
Authors: Yin Zhanneng
Published: July 2021

To explore the performance of the improved DenseNet network in diagnosing pulmonary nodules (PNs) and differentiating benign and malignant PNs, improved DenseNet network was applied to segment MRI images of 60 PN patients, which were defined as the test group, while those segmented by the traditional one were undertaken as the control group. The MRI results were compared with the pathological diagnostic results, and the segmentation effects were evaluated factoring in precision, recall, Dice similarity coefficient, and intersection-over-union (IoU). The results showed that the improved DenseNet network algorithm showed higher accuracy, recall rate, Dice coefficient, and IoU versus the traditional one, and the difference was notable (

P
<
0.05

). The improved DenseNet network algorithm had higher diagnostic accuracy in terms of the PN volume, lobes, burrs, edges, and adhesion to surrounding tissue, with notable differences noted (

P
<
0.05

). The accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant PNs in the test group was higher (92.38 ± 8.74% vs. 75.56 ± 7.56%) versus the control group, and the difference was notable (

P
<
0.05

). In short, the MRI image segmentation algorithm based on the improved DenseNet network shows high accuracy in diagnosing PNs and differentiating benign and malignant PNs, and it is worthy of further promotion in the clinic.
Application of VMD in Pipeline Leak Detection Based on Negative Pressure Wave
Authors: Liu Boxiang , Jiang Zhu , Nie Wei
Published: July 2021

Leakage problems are common in the water supply pipeline system, which will threaten the health of residents and cause economic losses. Negative pressure wave (NPW) technology calculates the time difference through the inflection point to locate the leak. However, due to the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the pressure signal, it is difficult to obtain an accurate inflection point of the NPW by the traditional method. Therefore, the advantages of applying variational mode decomposition (VMD) in NPW technology are explored. Firstly, the correlation coefficient and permutation entropy (PE) are used for effective intrinsic mode function (IMF) component selection and parameter optimization. Thus, an adaptive denoising method based on VMD (AD‐VMD) is presented. Then, to effectively separate the detail features of the NPW, a novel inflection point extraction method based on VMD (IPE‐VMD) is proposed. Simulation and experimental results show that AD‐VMD can effectively suppress noise interference and conserve the mutation characteristic of the leakage. IPE‐VMD can obtain a distinct maximum peak at the inflection point and has good robustness to noise interference. This method can calculate the time difference precisely and stably. In addition, the accuracy of the leak location is verified. The average relative positioning error is 5.13%.
Gray Relation Analysis for Optimal Selection of Bridge Reinforcement Scheme Based on Fuzzy-AHP Weights
Authors: Tan Yanbin , Zhang Zhe , Wang Huili , Zhou Shaobo
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the problem on optimal selection of old bridge reinforcement schemes, a decision-making method of gray relation analysis based on fuzzy-AHP weights is proposed. Firstly, the fuzzy-AHP is used to develop the decision index system of old bridge reinforcement schemes and determine the weight of decision indexes. The 0.1–0.9 scale method is introduced as the index judgment criterion, and the weight judgment matrix is established. Through the consistency test, the relative weight vector of each decision index in the index layer is calculated. Secondly, according to the gray relation model of the old bridge reinforcement schemes, the decision matrix is constructed, and the gray relation coefficient matrix is calculated to obtain the gray relation coefficient corresponding to the ideal optimal scheme. Finally, the optimal scheme is determined. Through an engineering example, the reinforcement scheme of a concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge deck system is calculated and analyzed, and the best reinforcement scheme is selected. The optimal selection result is consistent with the actual reinforcement scheme available for the bridge. The decision-making method of gray relation analysis based on fuzzy-AHP weights make the evaluation system more organized and systematic and the index weight more operable and quantitative, reduce the subjective evaluation impact, and make the evaluation result more objective and reliable. Considering the fuzzy and gray information of comparison and selection, the optimal scheme with high feasibility and applicability is selected by the gray relation method.
Scientific Programming Tools for Water Management
Authors: Alcalá Francisco J. , Martínez-Valderrama Jaime , Gomáriz-Castillo Francisco , Hernández Carlos G. , Cecilia José M.
Published: July 2021

This special issue delivers a platform in which researchers expose intersections between algorithm design, software platforms, and hardware architectures to deal with emerging challenges in the scientific field of management of water and water-dependent resources. Since the call for papers was announced in June 2019, this special issue has received 10 manuscripts. After a rigorous review process, 6 papers have been finally accepted for publication. Published papers deal with groundwater quality monitoring, coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture, desertification risk, water recovery from tailings, future scenarios of water resources, and vulnerability of coastal aquifers.
Predictors of Successful Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Bridging or Downstaging in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Villalobos Alexander , Wagstaff William , Guo Mian , Zhang James , Bercu Zachary , Whitmore Morgan J. , Cristescu Mircea M , Majdalany Bill S. , Wedd Joel , Akce Mehmet , Magliocca Joseph , Sellers Marty T. , Kokabi Nima
Published: July 2021

Purpose. This study aims to identify clinical and imaging prognosticators associated with the successful bridging or downstaging to liver transplantation (LT) in patients undergoing Yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90-RE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. Retrospectively, patients with Y90-RE naïve HCC who were candidates or potential candidates for LT and underwent Y90-RE were included. Patients were then divided into favorable (maintained or achieved Milan criteria (MC) eligibility) or unfavorable (lost eligibility or unchanged MC ineligibility) cohorts based on changes to their MC eligibility after Y90-RE. Penalized logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the significant baseline prognosticators. Results. Between 2013 and 2018, 135 patients underwent Y90-RE treatment. Among the 59 (42%) patients within MC, LT eligibility was maintained in 49 (83%) and lost in 10 (17%) patients. Within the 76 (56%) patients outside MC, eligibility was achieved in 32 (42%) and unchanged in 44 (58%). Among the 81 (60%) patients with a favorable response, 16 (20%) went on to receive LT. Analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that lower Albumin-Bilirubin score, lower Child–Pugh class, lower Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, HCC diagnosis using dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging on CT or MRI, normal/higher albumin levels, decreased severity of tumor burden, left lobe HCC disease, and absence of HBV-associated cirrhosis, baseline abdominal pain, or fatigue were all associated with a higher likelihood of bridging or downstaging to LT eligibility (

p

’s < 0.05). Conclusion. Certain baseline clinical and tumor characteristics are associated with the successful bridging or downstaging of potential LT candidates with HCC undergoing Y90-RE.
Temperature Field Online Reconstruction for In-Service Concrete Arch Dam Based on Limited Temperature Observation Data Using AdaBoost-ANN Algorithm
Authors: Chen Zhuoyan , Zheng Dongjian , Li Jiqiong , Wu Xin , Qiu Jianchun
Published: July 2021

Temperature is one of the factors affecting the safety operation of concrete arch dams. To accurately reconstruct the temperature field of the concrete arch dam online based on the temperature data of several typical dam sections, this paper proposes the AdaBoost-ANN algorithm. The algorithm uses artificial neural network (ANN) to establish a training set of the measured temperature data and the temperature field of the concrete arch dam obtained by the three-dimensional finite element model; these trained artificial neural networks are used as weak classifiers of the AdaBoost algorithm. Then, the AdaBoost-ANN algorithm is used to establish the mapping relationship between the measured temperature data and the temperature field, and the online reconstruction of the temperature field of the concrete arch dam is realized. The case study shows that the temperature field of the concrete arch dam can be accurately established by AdaBoost-ANN algorithm based on limited temperature observation data. The algorithm is more time-saving and labor-saving than the finite element method and is convenient for online reconstruction of the temperature field and assessment of the safety status of the concrete arch dam.
Neuroblastoma Formation Requires Unconventional CD4 T Cells and Arginase-1–Dependent Myeloid Cells
Authors: Van de Velde Lee-Ann , Allen E. Kaitlynn , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Wilson Taylor L. , Guy Clifford S. , Russier Marion , Zeitler Leonie , Bahrami Armita , Finkelstein David , Pelletier Stephane , Schultz-Cherry Stacey , Thomas Paul G. , Murray Peter J.
Published: July 2021

Immune cells regulate tumor growth by mirroring their function as tissue repair organizers in normal tissues. To understand the different facets of immune–tumor collaboration through genetics, spatial transcriptomics, and immunologic manipulation with noninvasive, longitudinal imaging, we generated a penetrant double oncogene–driven autochthonous model of neuroblastoma. Spatial transcriptomic analysis showed that CD4+ and myeloid populations colocalized within the tumor parenchyma, while CD8+ T cells and B cells were peripherally dispersed. Depletion of CD4+ T cells or CCR2+ macrophages, but not B cells, CD8+ T cells, or natural killer (NK) cells, prevented tumor formation. Tumor CD4+ T cells displayed unconventional phenotypes and were clonotypically diverse and antigen independent. Within the myeloid fraction, tumor growth required myeloid cells expressing arginase-1. Overall, these results demonstrate how arginine-metabolizing myeloid cells conspire with pathogenic CD4+ T cells to create permissive conditions for tumor formation, suggesting that these protumorigenic pathways could be disabled by targeting myeloid arginine metabolism.

Significance:

A new model of human neuroblastoma provides ways to track tumor formation and expansion in living animals, allowing identification of CD4+ T-cell and macrophage functions required for oncogenesis.
Metabolic Risk Factors Associated with Early-Onset Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Case–Control Study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California
Authors: Schumacher Andrew J. , Chen Qiaoling , Attaluri Vikram , McLemore Elisabeth C. , Chao Chun R.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (eoCRC) diagnosed among individuals under age 50 has been rising. However, risk factors for eoCRC are unclear. We investigated whether metabolic abnormalities are risk factors for eoCRC adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

Invasive colorectal adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed between ages 15 and 49 from 2008 to 2018 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) were identified. Those with a history of inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. Noncancer controls were selected 5:1 for each case matched by age, sex, and length of membership prior to index date. Data were collected from KSPC's electronic medical records. The exposures of interest included obesity, type II diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, assessed from ≥1 year prior to eoCRC diagnosis/index date. Conditional logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations between these metabolic risk factors and risk of eoCRC adenocarcinoma, adjusting for race/ethnicity, smoking, family history, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and health care utilization.

Results:

A total of 1,032 cases and 5,128 controls were included. Risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.74], but not diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia. In analysis stratified by tumor location, obesity was significantly associated with risk of colon adenocarcinoma OR = 1.56 (1.17–2.07), but its association with rectal adenocarcinoma was less clear OR = 1.19 (0.85–1.68). No significant interaction was detected between obesity and age (≥40 vs. <40), and obesity and sex.

Conclusions:

Obesity was associated with risk for eoCRC adenocarcinoma.

Impact:

This finding could help inform early-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma screening and prevention recommendations.

See related commentary by Hayes, p. 1775
Genomes for Kids: The Scope of Pathogenic Mutations in Pediatric Cancer Revealed by Comprehensive DNA and RNA Sequencing
Authors: Newman Scott , Nakitandwe Joy , Kesserwan Chimene A. , Azzato Elizabeth M. , Wheeler David A. , Rusch Michael , Shurtleff Sheila , Hedges Dale J. , Hamilton Kayla V. , Foy Scott G. , Edmonson Michael N. , Thrasher Andrew , Bahrami Armita , Orr Brent A. , Klco Jeffery M. , Gu Jiali , Harrison Lynn W. , Wang Lu , Clay Michael R. , Ouma Annastasia , Silkov Antonina , Liu Yanling , Zhang Zhaojie , Liu Yu , Brady Samuel W. , Zhou Xin , Chang Ti-Cheng , Pande Manjusha , Davis Eric , Becksfort Jared , Patel Aman , Wilkinson Mark R. , Rahbarinia Delaram , Kubal Manish , Maciaszek Jamie L. , Pastor Victor , Knight Jay , Gout Alexander M. , Wang Jian , Gu Zhaohui , Mullighan Charles G. , McGee Rose B. , Quinn Emily A. , Nuccio Regina , Mostafavi Roya , Gerhardt Elsie L. , Taylor Leslie M. , Valdez Jessica M. , Hines-Dowell Stacy J. , Pappo Alberto S. , Robinson Giles , Johnson Liza-Marie , Pui Ching-Hon , Ellison David W. , Downing James R. , Zhang Jinghui , Nichols Kim E.
Published: July 2021

Genomic studies of pediatric cancer have primarily focused on specific tumor types or high-risk disease. Here, we used a three-platform sequencing approach, including whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), to examine tumor and germline genomes from 309 prospectively identified children with newly diagnosed (85%) or relapsed/refractory (15%) cancers, unselected for tumor type. Eighty-six percent of patients harbored diagnostic (53%), prognostic (57%), therapeutically relevant (25%), and/or cancer-predisposing (18%) variants. Inclusion of WGS enabled detection of activating gene fusions and enhancer hijacks (36% and 8% of tumors, respectively), small intragenic deletions (15% of tumors), and mutational signatures revealing of pathogenic variant effects. Evaluation of paired tumor–normal data revealed relevance to tumor development for 55% of pathogenic germline variants. This study demonstrates the power of a three-platform approach that incorporates WGS to interrogate and interpret the full range of genomic variants across newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/refractory pediatric cancers.

Significance:

Pediatric cancers are driven by diverse genomic lesions, and sequencing has proven useful in evaluating high-risk and relapsed/refractory cases. We show that combined WGS, WES, and RNA-seq of tumor and paired normal tissues enables identification and characterization of genetic drivers across the full spectrum of pediatric cancers.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945
Actinomycin D Targets NPM1c-Primed Mitochondria to Restore PML-Driven Senescence in AML Therapy
Authors: Wu Hsin-Chieh , Rérolle Domitille , Berthier Caroline , Hleihel Rita , Sakamoto Takashi , Quentin Samuel , Benhenda Shirine , Morganti Claudia , Wu Chengchen , Conte Lidio , Rimsky Sylvie , Sebert Marie , Clappier Emmanuelle , Souquere Sylvie , Gachet Stéphanie , Soulier Jean , Durand Sylvère , Trowbridge Jennifer J. , Bénit Paule , Rustin Pierre , El Hajj Hiba , Raffoux Emmanuel , Ades Lionel , Itzykson Raphael , Dombret Hervé , Fenaux Pierre , Espeli Olivier , Kroemer Guido , Brunetti Lorenzo , Mak Tak W. , Lallemand-Breitenbach Valérie , Bazarbachi Ali , Falini Brunangelo , Ito Keisuke , Martelli Maria Paola , de Thé Hugues
Published: July 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis often involves a mutation in the NPM1 nucleolar chaperone, but the bases for its transforming properties and overall association with favorable therapeutic responses remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that an oncogenic mutant form of NPM1 (NPM1c) impairs mitochondrial function. NPM1c also hampers formation of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NB), which are regulators of mitochondrial fitness and key senescence effectors. Actinomycin D (ActD), an antibiotic with unambiguous clinical efficacy in relapsed/refractory NPM1c-AMLs, targets these primed mitochondria, releasing mitochondrial DNA, activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase signaling, and boosting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The latter restore PML NB formation to drive TP53 activation and senescence of NPM1c-AML cells. In several models, dual targeting of mitochondria by venetoclax and ActD synergized to clear AML and prolong survival through targeting of PML. Our studies reveal an unexpected role for mitochondria downstream of NPM1c and implicate a mitochondrial/ROS/PML/TP53 senescence pathway as an effector of ActD-based therapies.

Significance:

ActD induces complete remissions in NPM1-mutant AMLs. We found that NPM1c affects mitochondrial biogenesis and PML NBs. ActD targets mitochondria, yielding ROS which enforce PML NB biogenesis and restore senescence. Dual targeting of mitochondria with ActD and venetoclax sharply potentiates their anti-AML activities in vivo.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945
Macular Retinal Sensitivity and Microvasculature Changes before and after Vitrectomy in Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane with Classification
Authors: Xu Zhaokai , Mao Jianbo , Lao Jimeng , Deng Xinyi , Liu Chenyi , Xu Jiahao , Wu Sulan , Chen Yiqi , Shen Lijun
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To observe retinal sensitivity (RS) and microvasculature changes in preoperative and postoperative idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (iERM) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification by microperimetry (MP) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: In this retrospective study, 53 eyes of 53 patients affected with iERM were enrolled and 35 iERM eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy associated with internal limiting membrane peeling. All iERM eyes were evaluated and graded by OCT. According to the thickness of the fovea relative to the surrounding macula from OCT radial line scans, we classified iERM into 3 grades. MP was used to measure RS of macular within 20° centered on the fovea and fixation stability (FS). OCTA was used to measure the superficial and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers using 6 mm × 6 mm scans. Measurements were taken at the baseline visit and 3-month postoperation. Evaluated factors included: best corrected visual acuity, RS, FS, vessel density. Results: Eyes with iERM had worse RS than control eyes (p < 0.0001), especially in higher grade iERM eyes. And higher grade iERM eyes had a marked increase foveal vessel density (FVD) (p < 0.0001) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and DCP, and a significant decrease parafoveal vessel density (Para VD) in DCP. After surgery, there was no difference in RS and FS than preoperation (p > 0.05), whether in grade 1 or 2 iERM eyes. However, in OCTA analyses, grade 1 iERM eyes had less whole vessel density (WVD) and perifoveal vessel density (Peri VD) in SCP, than preoperation (p < 0.05). And grade 1 iERM eyes had higher Para VD and Peri VD in DCP (p < 0.05), than preoperative OCTA results. Grade 2 iERM eyes had less WVD, FVD, and Peri VD in SCP, than preoperation (p < 0.05). After surgery, in grade 2 iERM eyes, there was a positive correlation between whole retinal sensitivity and WVD (p < 0.05) in SCP. And there were positive correlations between Para RS and Para VD (p < 0.05), Peri RS and Peri VD (p < 0.05) in SCP. Conclusions: Classification helps to reveal different changes in iERM eyes. Higher grade iERM eyes had worse RS and microvasculature changes. MP and OCTA play an important role in assessing iERM and help surgical decisions for patients with iERM.
The Effect of Syringe-Filling Technique on the Risk for Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF Agents
Authors: Finkelstein Maya , Katz Gabriel , Zur Dinah , Rubowitz Alexander , Moisseiev Elad
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the risk for post-injection endophthalmitis between different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and syringe preparation techniques. Methods: A retrospective study of anti-VEGF injections performed in 3 large ophthalmology departments between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. Injections were categorized according to the drug and the syringe-filling technique – prefilling by a hospital pharmacy, prefilling by a good manufacturing practice (GMP) pharmacy, self-drawing from the vial by the injecting physician, and use of a prefilled syringe. Cases of endophthalmitis were identified, and their rates were analyzed. Results: A total of 197,402 injections were included, and 53 cases of endophthalmitis were identified (0.027% risk). The risk of endophthalmitis following injections with syringes that were prefilled by GMP pharmacies or the manufacturers was significantly lower than that following injections which were self-drawn by the physician (0.019% vs. 0.055%, p < 0.0001). For ranibizumab, risk of endophthalmitis decreased since it became available in a prefilled syringe (0.054% vs. 0.014%, p = 0.066), bordering on statistical significance. Conclusions: The syringe-filling technique is an important factor determining risk of post-injection endophthalmitis. Use of GMP-grade prefilling by professional pharmacies or the manufacturers significantly reduces this risk and should be the technique of choice for all drugs administered by intravitreal injection.
Raízes da América Latina: origens e fundamentos de uma identidade
Authors: Gavião Leandro
Published: July 2021

O artigo “Raízes da América Latina” analisa a trajetória de debates em torno das origens e dos fundamentos da identidade latino-americana. Para tanto, optou-se por um recorte cronológico centrado em três períodos. O primeiro contempla o debate sobre a origem autóctone ou francesa da identidade. O segundo ciclo perpassa o processo de consolidação do conceito no meio intelectual, na transição do século XIX para o século XX. Finalmente, o terceiro estágio – aqui analisado de maneira breve – compreende o processo de maturação da latino-americanidade como identidade supranacional, a partir do surgimento da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina (CEPAL), em 1948, que impactou a forma como os países da região passaram a enxergar seus homólogos. Desse modo, o artigo apresenta as principais interpretações existentes sobre esse conceito-identidade ainda tão utilizado e disputado na semântica política.
O manuscrito da Henriada: a trajetória do Poema de Voltaire traduzido na Vila Rica dos Inconfidentes (1788-2016)
Authors: Magalhães Pablo Antonio Iglesias
Published: July 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar o códice manuscrito com a tradução da Henriada, de Voltaire, feita pelo médico Thomaz de Aquino Bello e Freitas, na capitania de Minas Gerais, em 1788. A versão primitiva desta tradução, desaparecida por dois séculos, foi remetida para a Real Comissão Geral sobre o Exame e Censura de Livros em 1789, onde foi lhe facultada a impressão, seguida pela ordem de supressão do livro, em 1790. O códice original, recentemente identificado, apresenta um conjunto de ideias e expressões que permite revisitar a circulação de ideias da Ilustração entre os círculos intelectuais de Vila Rica às vésperas da Inconfidência Mineira.
Contesting Aristotle: Science, Theology and the Resurrection of the Body in Methodius of Olympus’ De Resurrectione and the Dialogue of Adamantius
Authors: LaValle Norman Dawn
Published: July 2021

The contest over the resurrection of the body used the scientific authority of Aristotle as ammunition on both sides. Past scholars have read Methodius of Olympus as displaying an anti-Aristotelian bias. In contrast, through close reading of the entire text with attention to characterization and development of argument, I prove that Methodius of Olympus’ dialogue the De Resurrectione utilizes Aristotelian biology as a morally neutral tool. To put this into higher relief, I compare Methodius’ dialogue with the anonymous Dialogue of Adamantius, a text directly dependent upon the Methodius’ De Resurrectione, but which rejects arguments based on scientific reasoning. Reading Methodius’ De Resurrectione with greater attention to the whole and putting it in the context of its nearest parallel text retells the traditional story of early Christian resistance to Aristotle. Methodius of Olympus’ characters, although they view scientific knowledge as subordinate to philosophy, see it as neutral in and of itself.
Development of pragmatic competence among L2 learners
Authors: Hilliker Shannon M. , Lenkaitis Chesla Ann , Loranc-Paszylk Barbara
Published: July 2021

Although compliments and compliment responses seem to play an important role in discourse of second language (L2) classrooms (Khaneshan & Bonyadi, 2016), the influence of virtual exchanges on enhancing the use of compliment responses remains unexplored. Twelve L2 learners of English from Poland met in groups for six weeks, via video conferencing, with Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) teacher candidates from a university in the USA. During online sessions, the L2 learners’ primary focus was on discussion in English regarding assigned TED Talks. Data analysis consisted of statistical analyses using SPSS on Likert-scale questions while open-ended responses were coded using NVivo 12 into researcher-created categories. In addition, transcripts were analyzed. It is evident from this study that L2 learners have opportunities to utilize virtual exchange to develop L2 pragmatic awareness related to compliment responses.
How to riddle by Chinese names
Authors: Hou Guojin , Ye Yuhua
Published: July 2021

This paper studies how Chinese riddles, esp. how to riddle by a name. Based on lexico-constructional pragmatics, a Chinese riddle is a construction, with the configuration of FACE (P), EYE and BOTTOM (Q). P and Q are to hold a tension between identity and heterogeneity, and the entire riddle is to meet the (six) felicity conditions of riddles. Old means of Chinese riddles are discussed, to seek new riddling manners like use of foreign loans, material props, and face-bottom reversions. It is hypothesised that a rhetor with humour-consciousness, in informal or weak communication, can in principle generate a riddle, for instance, by names of places, people, and things. By some pragmatic constraint or even coercion, the riddler can boost expressibility and processibility of a riddle. With a case study, liberal use of riddles in more ways, for more occasions, is suggested to elevate communicators’ humour competence and humour happiness.
A new species of nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius modestus (Gasterosteiformes, Gasterosteidae), from northern Honshu, Japan
Authors: MATSUMOTO TATSUYA , MATSUURA KEIICHI , HANZAWA NAOTO
Published: July 2021

A new species of nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius modestus, is described based on the holotype and 17 paratypes (38.7–51.7 mm standard length) collected from the inland area of Yamagata Prefecture, northern Honshu, Japan. The new species is distinguished from the other species of Pungitius by the following combination of characters: 30–32 small unconnected lateral plates; dorsal-fin rays VIII–X (usually IX)+9–11; anal-fin rays 7–10 (usually 8); pectoral-fin rays 10; a short spiny dorsal fin base (26.5%–29.8% SL); the first spiny dorsal fin spine behind the pectoral-fin base; a long pre-anal fin (59.9%–67.4% SL); the anal-fin spine below the 1st–3rd dorsal-fin rays; a short pelvic-fin spine (6.3%–9.1% SL); a short anal-fin spine (4.1%–6.0% SL); a long caudal peduncle (14.3%–19.7% SL); no body markings; membranes of the dorsal-fin spines dark brown with black pigments; the entire male body, and soft dorsal and anal fins, becoming black in the breeding season; the anteroventral process of the ectocoracoid present; and the dorsal extension of the ascending process of the pelvis level with the dorsal-most actinost.
Two new species of Scalithrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea
Authors: FRANZESE SEBASTIAN , IVANOV VERONICA A.
Published: July 2021

Two new species of Scalithrium Ball, Neifar & Euzet, 2003 were found in rajiform batoids of the Argentine Sea: Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov., parasite of the Rio skate Rioraja agassizii (Müller & Henle) from waters off Buenos Aires Province, and Scalithrium ivanovae sp. nov., parasite of the La Plata skate Atlantoraja platana (Günther) from waters off Río Negro Province. Scalithrium kirchneri sp. nov. and S. ivanovae sp. nov. differ from their congeners by having a particular combination of features including: total length, number of loculi on the distal bothridial surface, absence of bilobed bothridia and number of testes. Additionally, S. kirchneri sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. ivanovae sp. nov. by the presence of a vaginal sphincter and seminal receptacle, by the position of the entrance of the vas deferens into the cirrus sac, and by the microthrix pattern on the proximal bothridial surface. Based on this and previous studies, we conclude that some morphological traits may not be considered as key characters for the generic diagnosis of Scalithrium due to their variability within the genus. These characters include the musculature disposition in bothridial transverse septa and position of the entrance of the vas deferens into the cirrus sac, which certainly complement other diagnostic characters at a specific level. The discovery of these two species represents the first record of the genus Scalithrium in temperate waters of the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, this study is the first to undoubtedly identify batoids from the order Rajiformes as hosts for Scalithrium.
Effects of Suppressed Transient Eddies by the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Ren Qiaoling , Jiang Xingwen , Zhang Yang , Li Zhenning , Yang Song
Published: July 2021

It is known that the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can weaken the transient eddies (TEs) transported along the westerly jet stream. This study investigates the effects of the persistently suppressed TEs by the TP on the East Asian summer monsoon and the associated mechanisms using the NCAR Community Earth System Model. A nudging method is used to modify the suppression of the TEs without changing the steady dynamic and thermodynamic effects of the TP. The suppressed TEs by the TP weaken the East Asian westerly jet stream through the weakened poleward TE vorticity flux. On the one hand, the weakened jet stream leads to less (more) rainfall in northern (southern) East Asia by inducing anomalous moisture convergence, midtropospheric warm advection, and upper-level divergence, particularly in early summer when the eastward propagation of TE suppression by the TP is strong. On the other hand, the precipitation anomalies can shift the East Asian westerly jet stream southward and promote the moisture convergence in southern East Asia through latent heat release. Therefore, the persistent suppression of the TEs leads to a southward shift of the East Asian rain belt by a convective feedback, as it was previously found that the steady thermodynamic and dynamic forcings of the TP favored a northward shift of the rain belt. This study suggests that the anomalously weak TEs can lead to a rainfall change (more in the south, less in the north) over East Asia.
Changes in lengths of the four seasons over the drylands in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Guan Xiaodan , Guan Yuping , Zhu Kaiwei , Shi Rui , Kong Xiangning , Guo Shuyang
Published: July 2021

Due to global warming, the lengths of the four seasons, which are always taken as constant values, have experienced significant variations with rising temperature. Such changes play different roles on regional climate change, with the most significant effect on drylands. To guarantee local crop yields and preserve ecosystems, the identification of the changes of the four seasons in drylands is important. Our results show that, relative to humid lands, changing trends in lengths of spring, summer and autumn were particularly enhanced in drylands of the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes during 1951-2020. In this period, summer length has increased by 0.51 day per year, while spring and autumn lengths have contracted by 0.14 and 0.14 day per year, respectively. However, the enhanced changes in drylands did not appear in winter length. Such changes of spring, summer and autumn in drylands are dominated by internal variability over the entire study period, with a stronger external forcing effect on drylands than on humid lands. In drylands, the external forcing contributed to the changes in lengths of spring, summer and autumn by 30.1%, 42.2% and 29.4%, respectively. The external forcing has become an increasingly important component since 1990, with the ability to dominate all seasons in drylands after 2010. Nevertheless, only one out of the 16 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models used in this study can capture the enhanced changes in the lengths of spring, summer and autumn in drylands. Further investigation on the local effects of changes in seasons on agriculture and ecosystem would be needed, especially for the fragile regions.
Expansion of Pharmacy Services During COVID-19: Pharmacists and Pharmacy Extenders Filling the Gaps Through Telehealth Services
Authors: Liu Catherine , Patel Khusbu , Cernero Betsy , Baratt Yuliya , Dandan Nadine , Marshall Olga , Li Hanlin , Efird Leigh
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a significant disruption in healthcare. In our health-system located in New York City, the provision of care in the ambulatory care setting moved to a remote model virtually overnight. We describe interventions made during the pandemic to transform ambulatory care pharmacy through expansion of telehealth services. Summary: In March of 2020, the closure of primary care clinics and provider appointment cancellations due to inpatient redeployment created a void. Collaboration with other health care providers and development of standardized telehealth workflows served as a conduit for creating new roles and opportunities for pharmacy team members. Three main interventions where the pharmacy team filled gaps include; (1) Expansion of pharmacist telemedicine visits for high-risk patients to improve access to primary care visits, (2) Partnership with nursing to create a centralized refill call center workflow, (3) Integration of pharmacy extenders into the prior authorization process to prevent medication access issues. Existing collaborative practice agreements for chronic disease management were utilized. A virtual pharmacist model for patient care contributed to an increase in telehealth visits from 51 in 2019 to 2997 total visits in 2020. In addition, the health-system refill call center expanded its services through collaboration with our pharmacy team. Pharmacists and pharmacy interns partnered with nurse practitioners to improve the call center workflow and address the significant increase in refill requests during the outbreak. Furthermore, a prior authorization process was created across multiple ambulatory care clinics to expedite medication access and prevent delays in therapy. Conclusion: Our ambulatory care pharmacy team leveraged technology, innovative workflows, and collaborative teamwork to catalyze a shift in pharmacists’ and pharmacy extenders’ roles in healthcare delivery to expeditiously meet patients’ needs during a pandemic.
Peer-to-peer online voice as emergent collective action
Authors: Walker Michael
Published: July 2021

E-voice is now a common form of worker voice. Existing scholarship has focused on e-voice’s potential for grievance-airing and resistance; however, much work-oriented online discussion is not change oriented but more in the nature of information sharing and mutual aid. Even when not deliberately intended to be, mutual aid discussion can be an exercise of worker voice because it identifies and highlights pain points in the workplace, spreads awareness of these through online communities and constitutes an attempt to improve an objectionable state of affairs. As otherwise voiceless workers discover and act on these shared ideas en masse, they create an emergent form of collective action.
Using Self-Management and Visual Cues to Improve Responses to Nonverbal Social Cues in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cohen Shereen , Koegel Robert , Koegel Lynn Kern , Engstrom Erin , Young Kurtis , Quach Anthony
Published: July 2021

Many individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience challenges with social communication, including recognizing and responding to non-verbal cues. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of self-management combined with textual cues to teach adults with ASD to recognize and respond to nonverbal expressions of boredom and confusion during social conversation. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to assess the efficacy of this intervention for three participants. Results showed substantial gains across all participants in their recognition and responsiveness to the targeted nonverbal cues. Moreover, this skill maintained after the completion of intervention and generalized to novel conversation partners and settings with large effect sizes. The findings add to the literature base on interventions for adults with ASD, and further support the use of self-management and textual cues as effective intervention strategies for improving nonverbal communication.