bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective Manipulation of G-Protein γ7Subunit in Mice Provides New Insights into Striatal Control of Motor Behavior
Authors: Brunori Gloria , Pelletier Oliver B. , Stauffer Anna M. , Robishaw Janet D.
Published: September 2021

Stimulatory coupling of dopamine D1(D1R) and adenosine A2Areceptors (A2AR) to adenylyl cyclase within the striatum is mediated through a specific Gαolfβ2γ7heterotrimer to ultimately modulate motor behaviors. To dissect the individual roles of the Gαolfβ2γ7heterotrimer in different populations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs), we produced and characterized conditional mouse models, in which theGng7gene was deleted in either the D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs. We show that conditional loss of γ7disrupts the cell type-specific assembly of the Gαolfβ2γ7heterotrimer, thereby identifying its circumscribed roles acting downstream of either the D1Rs or A2ARs in coordinating motor behaviors, includingin vivoresponses to psychostimulants. We reveal that Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in D1R-MSNs does not impact spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor behaviors in male and female mice, while its loss in A2AR/D2R-MSNs results in a hyperlocomotor phenotype and enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine. Additionally, Gαolfβ2γ7/cAMP signal in either D1R- or A2AR/D2R-expressing MSNs is not required for the activation of PKA signaling by amphetamine. Finally, we show that Gαolfβ2γ7signaling acting downstream of D1Rs is selectively implicated in the acute locomotor-enhancing effects of morphine. Collectively, these results support the general notion that receptors use specific Gαβγ proteins to direct the fidelity of downstream signaling pathways and to elicit a diverse repertoire of cellular functions. Specifically, these findings highlight the critical role for the γ7protein in determining the cellular level, and hence, the function of the Gαolfβ2γ7heterotrimer in several disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal signaling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDysfunction or imbalance of cAMP signaling in the striatum has been linked to several neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. By genetically targeting the γ7subunit in distinct striatal neuronal subpopulations in mice, we demonstrate that the formation and function of the Gαolfβ2γ7heterotrimer, which represents the rate-limiting step for cAMP production in the striatum, is selectively disrupted. Furthermore, we reveal cell type-specific roles for Gαolfβ2γ7-mediated cAMP production in the control of spontaneous locomotion as well as behavioral and molecular responses to psychostimulants. Our findings identify the γ7protein as a novel therapeutic target for disease states associated with dysfunctional striatal cAMP signaling.
BARRIERS AFFECTING EFFECTIVE MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROJECTS WITHIN WATERBERG DISTRICT
Authors: Dipela Mmaphuti Percy , Mohapi Boitumelo Joyce
Published: September 2021

Community projects aimed at alleviating poverty under the supervision of social workers employed by the Department of Social Development (DSD) in the Waterberg district of the Limpopo Province seem to be collapsing. This prompted the researchers to undertake a qualitative study using a contextual, descriptive and explorative research design aimed at obtaining an in-depth understanding of the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) mechanisms applied in supporting community projects for alleviating poverty. This article reports on findings based on interviews conducted with 21 participants. The study identified a lack of knowledge and training, as well as poor management and supervisor support as contributors towards weak M&E.
TRAUMATISED OLDER PERSONS’ EXPERIENCES OF EYE MOVEMENT INTEGRATION AS TRAUMA INTERVENTION
Authors: Visagie Andrea , Keet Annaline
Published: September 2021

The world’s population is ageing and older people may be exposed to traumatic experiences during their lifetime. Symptoms are often regarded as part of the ageing process and not treated as trauma. Little is known about eye movement integration (EMI) as intervention for symptoms of trauma in older people. This article reports on older people’s experience of EMI as an intervention for their symptoms of trauma. The qualitative study employed an exploratory-descriptive research design with a purposive sampling method. Participants considered EMI as positive and beneficial. Suggestions are made to improve EMI when working with older people.
alto precio de no advertir al consumidor de las excepciones al derecho de desistimiento
Authors: Castells Somoza Carlos
Published: September 2021

El empresario debe informar al consumidor, cuando rija alguna excepción a su derecho de desistimiento, de que tal derecho no le asiste; sin embargo, nuestra ley no prevé la sanción civil de incumplir tal deber. En este trabajo analizaremos tres posibles soluciones a esta laguna legal: la responsabilidad del Estado por incumplimiento del Derecho Comunitario; la concesión analógica de un derecho de desistimiento; y la ineficacia del contrato.
The impact performance of bamboo oriented strand board and computed tomography technique for detecting internal damage
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Jiang Zehui , Zhang Xiubiao , Sun Zhengjun , Yang Xiaomeng , Liu Huanrong
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact performance of bamboo oriented strand board under different impact energy. Bamboo oriented strand board with two types of strand orientation distribution, both with mainly parallel aligned strand orientation (LVSL) and three-layer assembly with orthogonally oriented strands (BOSB), were prepared. The impact properties of the boards, both untreated and treated with submersion, were investigated at seven energy levels. Additionally, the damage morphology was characterized using an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner. The results indicated that BOSB provided a larger maximum load carrying capacity, and represented superior impact properties compared to LVSL. The shapes of force/energy–time history of BOSB and LVSL were different from projectile energy levels, and they were related to the specimen destruction forms via CT scanning. Moreover, CT scanning revealed that LVSL and BOSB exhibited similar damage behaviors, which mainly included delamination and ﬁbers breakage. The dent depth of BOSB on the impact site was less than LVSL’s for touch types, and there was more internal fracture inside the layers of LVSL at relatively higher energy levels of 300 J and 450 J. Furthermore, BOSB still exhibited better impact performance than LVSL under the condition of submersion.
Cryptospordiosis: An infectious emerging protozoan zoonosis of public health significance
Authors: Pal Mahendra , Roba Bulcha Mati , Girma Lema Adugna , Roba Bulcha Sena
Published: September 2021

Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.
Emergency Department Pediatric Visits in Alberta for Cannabis After Legalization
Authors: Yeung Matthew E.M. , Weaver Colin G. , Hartmann Riley , Haines-Saah Rebecca , Lang Eddy
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Canada legalized nonmedical cannabis possession and sale in October 2018. In the United States, state legalization has been tied to an increase in cannabis-related emergency department (ED) visits; however, little research exists on provincial changes in pediatric visits after nationwide legislation. We compared pre- and postlegalization trends in pediatric cannabis-related ED visits and presentation patterns in urban Alberta EDs.

METHODS

Retrospective National Ambulatory Care Reporting System data were queried for urban Alberta cannabis-related ED visits among patients aged <18 years from October 1, 2013, to February 29, 2020. Population subgroups included children (aged 0–11 years), younger adolescents (12 to 14 years), and older adolescents (15 to 17 years). We calculated interrupted time series, incident rate ratios (IRRs), and relative risk (RR) ratios to identify trend change. IRRs identified changes against growth-adjusted Alberta population, while RRs measured presentation pattern changes against prelegalization ED visits.

RESULTS

Pediatric visit volume did not change postlegalization when accounting for preexisting volume trends. Unintentional ingestions increased in children (IRR: 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42 to 2.20 and RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.47, respectively) and older adolescents (IRR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.71 and RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.81, respectively). Presentation patterns remained similar, although older adolescent co-ingestant use decreased (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.88), whereas hyperemesis cases increased (RR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.37).

CONCLUSIONS

Cannabis legalization has increased child and older adolescent unintentional cannabis ingestions, increasing child cannabis-related ED visits. Changes highlight need for public health interventions targeting pediatric exposures.
Kinship Loanwords in the Turkic Languages
Authors: Taşbaş Erhan
Published: September 2021

Turkic kinship terminologies represent a mixture of words of native and foreign origin, and the proportion of loanwords reﬂects the degree of linguistic and cultural interference between the Turkic and other Eurasian languages. As the intensity of socio-cultural relations between languages and communities increases, the proportion of loanwords in kinship vocabulary also increases. This paper provides an overview of historical, linguistic, and cultural aspects of kinship loanwords in the Turkic languages.

The paper covers the following eight kinds of kin types in the Turkic languages: (1) parents, (2) siblings, (3) cousins, (4) children, (5) grandparents, (6) uncles/aunts, (7) nephews/nieces, (8) grandchildren. Due to the fact that in the conventional Turkic system of kinship, which is especially well-represented in pre-modern Turkic languages, two or three of these kins may be merged in one single term on the basis of generation and lineage branch, kinship loanwords examined are ordered by this criterion.
Validating the presence of Spanish Flag, Gonioplectrus hispanus (Cuvier, 1828) (Perciformes, Serranidae), from the south-western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Del Moral-Flores Luis Fernando , López-Segovia Eduardo , Escartín-Alpizar Viridiana R. , Jiménez-Badillo María de Lourdes
Published: September 2021

We report the presence of Gonioplectrus hispanus (Cuvier, 1828) in Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Four specimens (198–224 mm standard length) were caught at two locations south of Veracruz. These records increases the number of species in the family Serranidae for Mexico to 113. We include morphometry and meristic data of our specimens.
Лингвокультурная интепретация одесских мифологем в киноповести Эфраима Севелы Одесса-мама
Authors:   Одесский национальный университет имени И. И. Мечникова, Украина, Войцева Елена Андреевна
Published: September 2021

This article dwells upon linguacultural specificity of Odessa mythologems. They function as sample and initial basis for creating a mythological portrayal of Odessa, also of personages, statements, situations in the film story Odessa-mama by Efraim Sevela (1971–1988), that was based on I. Babel’s Odessa stories. In the text under analysis fixed Odessa mythologems form a storyline, that has conceptual and precedential meaning.
Digital Development of Regions: Current Status and Prospects
Authors:   State University of Management, Larina Olga , Moryzhenkova Natalia ,   State University of Management
Published: September 2021

The goal of the research is to define the prospects of further digital growth in Russia and to assess the current state of national digitalization. Global digitalization is an ongoing tactical project for the introduction of new technologies in all areas of activity, as well as a strategic direction that will influence Russia’s future position in the world. Currently, the level of development of digital processes in our country is at the middle or low level (judging by some parameters). The article presents a cross-country comparison of various indicators and indices of digitalization. Methods used for the research were comparative analysis, analysis of legal documents, system analysis of sources. Apart from cross-country comparison, the article compares digitalization processes, financial inclusion and growth of financial literacy among the population. As a result of the study, a conclusion about the interconnection of these processes is made. Thus, the digitalization contributes to the growth of the financial inclusion level, and, on the other hand, financial literacy contributes to financial inclusion, while the indicated inclusion stimulates the growth of the GDP. In addition to that, active use of digital services, being the foundation of national digitalization growth, is observed among the population with economic interest and availability of free savings. The authors believe that further digital growth requires higher economic interest of the population in these processes. The research results can be reasonably applied when planning state programs for the development of digitalization. The overall digital development of the state is shaped by the development of these processes in the regions. This requires consistent work at the level of the said regions that are very dissimilar, both economically and digitally. Assessment of “digital maturity” of regions is a long-run objective necessary for effective monitoring of national development goals.
Climate Impact on Risks in the Agricultural Sector Exemplified by Arid Region
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Namrueva Ludmila
Published: September 2021

Despite modernization, digitalization, and informatization of human activity, economic systems continue to depend on natural factors. First of all, this applies to the agricultural sector, which depends on the dynamics of temperature, amount of precipitation, which affect the cultivation of crops, state of pastures, which is important for the development of animal husbandry. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation in the Republic of Kalmykia in 2020 caused by natural and climatic disasters. For this purpose, the author used such methods as the analysis of documents, materials of the national and federal media, observation, interviewing during a scientific expedition to the regions of the republic. This approach allowed us to hear the opinions of rural residents whose livelihoods were affected by the unprecedented climatic drought and get a reliable picture of the consequences of the natural anomaly. The Republic of Kalmykia is the driest in the southern part of European Russia. Rural areas of the republic are regularly affected by drought, one successful year alternates with two or three unfavorable ones. The analyzed year of 2020 was the driest, which brought huge losses to the agricultural sector of the republic. About 54 agricultural organizations and 1,416 peasant farms were affected, the productivity of pastures in the republic fell by two or three times due to the drought, and even more in the most affected areas. Agricultural producers suffer huge losses, which will further affect the development of the region’s agro-industrial complex. The article analyzes how internal (agricultural enterprises, farms, authorities, the Ministry of Agriculture) and external resources (federal authorities) interacted in overcoming the emergencies. The lack of scientific analysis of the relationship between natural, climatic and economic factors hinders not only the adoption of the necessary measures to support the region, but also the prevention of negative consequences of various natural anomalies, and the timely and adequate response to them.
Assessment of the Modern Practice of Strategizing Social and Economic Development of Large Cities
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Risin Igor , Chicherina Anastasiya ,   Voronezh State University
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study is to assess the modern Russian practice of strategizing social and economic development of large cities. Methods used for the research were content analysis of urban strategies developed in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”, followed by a logical and comparative analysis of methodological approaches to address key objectives of strategizing tested in practice. These tasks include: assessment of the achieved goals and the social and economic development potential of a large city, identification of its competitive advantages, justification of strategic goals and targets, definition of the appropriate amount of financial resources, selection of the strategy implementation mechanism. Object database of our study includes the cities of Voronezh, Kazan, Kaliningrad, Magnitogorsk, Novosibirsk, Penza, Rostov-on-Don, Tver, Tolyatti and Ulan-Ude. The analysis made it possible to identify several significant weaknesses inherent in the mass practice of strategic municipal planning. The first one is the inadequacy of the used methodological approaches to the complicated character of key tasks of municipal strategy development. The second one concerns the absence of clear, unambiguously interpreted requirements that define the required quality level for the results obtained in the solution of key tasks. The third one is a non-systematic planning process, manifested in weak coordination between the main components of the strategy (mission and strategic goals, strategic goals and objectives, strategic goals and management tools and financial resources that ensure their achievement). The fourth one is the limited number of participants when developing strategies, which significantly reduces the abilities to include the interests of different stakeholder groups. The main reasons for the presence of these weaknesses were determined. In order to improve the quality of strategic municipal planning it is necessary to focus the activities of public authorities on their elimination.
About the Conditions, Issues and Problems of Children Palliative Care Using the Example of the Children's Hospice Activity in Saint Petersburg
Authors: Simakhodsky Anatoly S. , Tkachenko Alexander E. , Kushnareva Irina V. , Sevostya’nova Lyudmila D.
Published: September 2021

The topicality of reforming the children palliative care (CPC) system due to the increase of the number of patients with cancer, congenital disorders, neurological damages, injuries consequences, genetically determined pathologies is discussed. The patterns of CPC service development, the importance to track those in need, to determine the required volume, forms, and methods of palliative care, and to develop human capacity were analyzed. The results of “Children's Hospice" (Saint Petersburg) activities in 2014-2019 years are presented alongside with the data on CPC development in Russia. This example shows the advantages of clear routing, establishment of indications for patients’ hospitalization, and availability of high-technology medical care and medications. All innovations have led to the significant change in medical conditions structure (over 80% of patients are children with neurological pathology), to the decrease in the number of hospitalizations, to the increase in the number of children who can get required respiratory support at home. The issues of high employees’ turnover and low staffing level in CPC institutions are discussed.
Regulatory aspects and evidences of melatonin use for sleep disorders and insomnia: an integrative review
Authors: Bueno Ana Paula Rosinski , Savi Flávia Medeiros , Alves Izabel Almeida , Bandeira Vanessa Adelina Casali
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty of falling asleep or maintaining sleep, which affects different age groups. Currently, melatonin is used as a therapeutic treatment in cases of insomnia in children, adults, and elderly people. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of melatonin in sleep disorders, its dosage, potential adverse effects, as well as labeling laws and regulations in Brazil. Methods: This integrative review was carried out using the Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), and Science Direct databases. Twenty-five articles and three documents available on the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabology (SBEM) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) websites published between 2015 and 2020 were selected to be evaluated in full. Results: It was found that in most of the selected articles the use of melatonin reduces sleep latency. The effective melatonin doses varied according to each age group, from 0.5 to 3 mg in children, 3 to 5 mg in adolescents, 1 to 5 mg in adults, and 1 to 6 mg in elderly people. Side effects are mild when taking usual doses. In Brazil, no registered drug and current regulation on the use and marketing of melatonin has been identified. Conclusion: The use of melatonin is an alternative therapy that can be used for sleeping disorders. According to the evidences found, it did not demonstrate toxicity or severe side effects, nor dependence even when administered at high doses, suggesting that it is a safe medication to treat patients of different ages suffering from sleeping disorders.
Effects of rehabilitation programs on heart rate variability after stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Belli Thais Regina , Souza Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de , Bazan Silméia Garcia Zanati , Bazan Rodrigo , Luvizutto Gustavo José
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: It has been shown that the autonomic nervous system can be modulated by physical exercise after stroke, but there is a lack of evidence showing rehabilitation can be effective in increasing heart rate variability (HRV). Objective: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation programs in modulating HRV after stroke. Methods: The search strategy was based in the PICOT (patients: stroke; interventions: rehabilitation; comparisons: any control group; outcomes: HRV; time: acute, subacute and chronic phases of stroke). We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, and SCIELO databases without language restrictions, and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomized controlled trials (quasi-RCTs), and non-randomized controlled trials (non-RCTs). Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias and we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to rate the certainty of the evidence for each included study. Results: Four studies (two RCTs with low certainty of the evidence and two non-RCTs with very low certainty of the evidence) were included. Three of them showed significant cardiac autonomic modulation during and after stroke rehabilitation: LF/HF ratio (low frequency/high frequency) is higher during early mobilization; better cardiac autonomic balance was observed after body-mind interaction in stroke patients; and resting SDNN (standard deviation of normal R-R intervals) was significantly lower among stroke patients indicating less adaptive cardiac autonomic control during different activities. Conclusions: There are no definitive conclusions about the main cardiac autonomic repercussions observed in post-stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation, although all interventions are safe for patients after stroke.
Epidemiological features of meningiomas: a single Brazilian center’s experience with 993 cases
Authors: Colli Benedicto Oscar , Machado Hélio Rubens , Carlotti Jr Carlos Gilberto , Assirati Jr João Alberto , Oliveira Ricardo Santos De , Gondim Guilherme Gozzoli Podolsky , Santos Antonio Carlos Dos , Neder Luciano
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Meningiomas are the most frequent primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Their geographical and ethnic characteristics need to be known, in order to enable rational treatment. Objective: To investigate clinical and epidemiological aspects in a series of patients with meningiomas. Methods: Retrospective analysis on the demographic profile, location and histopathology of 993 patients with meningiomas (768 operated and 225 not operated). Results: Meningiomas represented 43.8% of the primary CNS tumors; 6.8% were multiple tumors (14.7% with neurofibromatosis 2) and 0.6% were radiation-induced tumors. The mean ages were 53.0 and 63.9 years for operated and non-operated patients and the female/male ratios were 3.2:1 and 6.3:1. Diagnosis was made later among females. The peak incidences were in the 6th and 7th decades respectively for operated and non-operated patients. The incidence was low at early ages and higher among patients aged 70+ years. The meningiomas were intracranial in 96.5% and most were WHO grade I (88.9%) and transitional. In the spinal canal (3.5%), they occurred mainly in the dorsal region (all grade I; mostly transitional). The racial distribution was 1.0% in Asian-Brazilians, 87% in Caucasians and 12% in African-Brazilians. 83.4% and 51.6% of the patients were estimated to be recurrence-free at 10 and 20 years, and the mortality rate was 3%. Conclusions: Most of the demographic data were similar to what has been observed in other western centers. Differences were higher incidence of meningiomas, female and older predominance in non-operated patients, predominance in Caucasian, and higher association with neurofibromatosis 2.
Botulinum toxin type A wear-off phenomenon in chronic migraine patients: how long does the maximum efficiency last?
Authors: PAK Aygul Tantik , ÜSTÜN İsmet , SENGUL Yildizhan
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Botulinum toxin Type A (BoNTA) is a successful treatment for chronic migraine prophylaxis. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the monthly change of effectiveness of BoNTA treatment. Methods: A total of 80 patients (70 females and 10 males) with chronic migraine were included. In our study protocol, we applied to 155 U across 31 fixed-sites and if the patient had pain, 40 U dose injections were applied across 8 specific head/neck muscle areas. Headache days and analgesic intake were noted before the BoNTA injection and during the interviews at the first, second, and third months after the BoNTA injection. Results: The mean age was 37.59 ± 7.60 and 87.5% of the patients were female. The mean number of headache days/month before BoNTA was 18.95±2.69, decreasing to 10.55±3.15 days/month in the first month (p<0.001), 9.31±2.43 days/month in the second month (p<0.001), and increased to 11.97±3.27 days/month in the third month (p<0.001). The mean analgesic intake before BoNTA was 11.48±4.68 tablets/month, while it decreased to 6.53±2.72 tablets/month in the first month (p<0.001) and 5.40±2.46 tablets/month in the second month (p<0.001). In the third month, it was 5.85±2.59 tablets/month (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in pain medication use from the second to the third month (p<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, there was a significant reduction in analgesic intake and headache days in the first and second months after BoNTA injection, and an increase was observed in the third month.
Análise Crítica Sobre Medicamentos Prescritos para o Uso Problemático de Crack
Authors: Carvalho Lucas de Farias , Rodrigues Larissa Alencar , Pandossio José Eduardo , Gallassi Andrea Donatti
Published: September 2021

Resumo Estudo de abordagem descritiva, exploratória e retrospectiva que analisou prontuários de pacientes em tratamento pelo uso problemático de crack. Foram levantadas as prescrições, as interações medicamentosas e o perfil sociodemográfico destes pacientes. Foram feitas revisões de literaturas narrativas para verificar quais medicamentos apresentam maiores potenciais terapêuticos e para caracterizar o perfil dos usuários; dados dos prontuários e da literatura foram triangulados. Os resultados sugerem que os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento do uso problemático de crack são limitados, os medicamentos utilizados na prática não possuem evidências de eficácia, há interações relevantes nas prescrições e o perfil sociodemográfico desses usuários é semelhante com a literatura. Estudos adicionais são desejáveis para buscar um tratamento medicamentoso eficaz para o uso problemático de crack.
Crescimento Pós-Traumático após Divórcio: Contribuição dos Valores para Além das Variáveis Demográficas
Authors: Couto Ricardo Neves , Fonseca Patrícia Nunes da , Guerra Valeschka Martins , Gouveia Valdiney Veloso
Published: September 2021

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar em que medida os valores humanos explicam o crescimento pós-traumático no contexto do divórcio, controlando o efeito das variáveis idade, sexo e tempo de divorciado. Responderam ao Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático, Questionário de Valores Básicos e questões demográficas 200 pessoas que vivenciaram o divórcio (M idade = 38,4, DP = 11,51). Entre as variáveis demográficas, unicamente o sexo foi importante para explicar o crescimento, mais evidente entre mulheres. Ademais, os valores humanos se mostraram um construto importante. Subfunções sociais (interativa e normativa) e a de existência foram as mais importantes; entre os valores pessoais, unicamente os da subfunção realização lograram fazê-lo. Concluindo, estes achados foram discutidos à luz da literatura, sinalizando a importância dos valores humanos.
Conteúdo dos Estereótipos e Preconceito Racial: Efeitos da Cordialidade e da Competência
Authors: Lima Marcus E. O. , Leite Michelle de Farias
Published: September 2021

Resumo Utilizando o Modelo do Conteúdo dos Estereótipos (MCE), analisou-se, em dois estudos, as relações das dimensões de cordialidade e competência com as expressões de preconceito racial. No Estudo 1, participaram 169 universitários (M idade=21,7 anos, 47% pardos). Verificou-se a existência de preconceito implícito, a maior atribuição de competência aos brancos que aos negros e a relação positiva entre racismo moderno e atribuição de competência aos brancos. No Estudo 2, participaram 143 universitários (M idade=25,4 anos, 64,9% pardos). Verificou-se que negros descritos como malsucedidos-amáveis receberam maior estereotipia de competência do que brancos malsucedidos-frios. Concluiu-se que: 1) a dimensão da cordialidade não se aplicou aos negros e 2) existe uma relação entre o MCE e a expressão do preconceito racial.
Reconfigurations of the social sphere in Brejo da Paraíba in the 21st century: imprints of plantations in Latin America
Authors: Ramiro Patrícia Alves
Published: September 2021

Abstract The research project “Reconfigurations of the social sphere in Brejo of Paraíba in the 21st century” looks into the new social arrangements in that region of northeastern Brazil, which stem from the abrupt changes in the context that was prevalent in the early 1990s, which were triggered by the closure of sugarcane processing plants, following the bankruptcy declared by Santa Maria processing plant. Included in a broader debate regarding the imprints left by centuries on social structures organized around export-led plantations in Latin America, this is a collective research project that aims to inquire into different conversion strategies in comparison with the previous position occupied by social actors in the golden period of sugarcane production.
Um “Marx pós-colonial”? Revoluções e colonialismos ao Sul global
Authors: Rubbo Deni Alfaro
Published: September 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é apontar a riqueza da pesquisa teórica e empírica de Marx nas margens, de Kevin Anderson, pois consideramos que esse trabalho apresenta um novo ciclo de discussão ao conseguir discorrer a ideia de que a teoria dialética de Marx não está reduzida à questão de classes e a etapas “universais” de desenvolvimento capitalista, como frequentemente se aponta. Em primeiro lugar, destacaremos a mobilização das fontes, a metodologia de análise e a tradição intelectual e política em que a obra e o autor estão inseridos. Em um segundo momento, apresentaremos os capítulos do livro e, por fim, um breve comentário sobre alguns desafios que o livro suscita para novas agendas de pesquisa capazes, inclusive, de aproximar efetivamente tradição marxista e perspectiva pós/decolonial.
Notas sobre a tortura em um debate do Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) em São Paulo
Authors: Dias Camila Nunes , Gomes Mayara de Souza
Published: September 2021

Resumo Ao longo da sua história, o grupo criminal autodenominado Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) constituiu alguns mecanismos regulatórios voltados à administração de conflitos, o exercício de controle social e a aplicação de punições, tanto nas prisões quanto nas periferias em que alcançou hegemonia. Os dispositivos conhecidos como debates expressam a configuração assumida pelos expedientes voltados à resolução de conflitos e têm se destacado pela variedade de demandas que lhes são reportadas. Os casos considerados mais complexos têm sido identificados como aqueles que envolvem assuntos de “vida e morte”. Neste texto, partindo da análise de um processo crime que apurou práticas de tortura na cidade de São Paulo e que se referia à ocorrência de um debate do tipo “vida e morte”, discutimos como estes debates têm recorrido ao uso da tortura para operacionalizar as decisões tomadas pelos membros do PCC com a finalidade de obter confissão e, ao mesmo tempo, punir indivíduos acusados de violar a “disciplina do crime”. Além disso, ressaltamos como valores sociais e morais, amplamente disseminados, fundamentam a ética regulatória das práticas do mundo do crime e são mobilizados para orientar as ações deliberadas por estes agentes, legitimando, inclusive, o uso da violência como forma de resolução de conflitos e de punição.
Da emancipação ao autoritarismo: a teoria do pós-materialismo e o “cultural backlash”
Authors: Borba Julian , Silva Gregório Unbehaun Leal da
Published: September 2021

Resumo Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism é o mais recente livro de Pippa Norris e Ronald Inglehart. A obra busca analisar transformações recentes nas democracias mais consolidadas, ancorado no modelo teórico originalmente formulado no pós-materialismo. Sintetiza-se aqui essa contribuição, indicando o modo como os autores operacionalizam os conceitos de populismo, autoritarismo e reação cultural. Conclui-se que o modelo Norris/Inglehart foi demasiado otimista e deixou de antecipar fatores como declínio da confiança nas instituições democráticas e da negatividade nas avaliações dos políticos que se consolidaram nos últimos anos. Constatou-se, também, que a obra analisada fornece um original enquadramento teórico para o entendimento da emergência do populismo autoritário nos países estudados.
Precarización del trabajo y estrategias de trabajadoras en plataformas digitales: trabajo desde el hogar, organización sindical y disputa por derechos en el contexto de la pandemia del Covid-19
Authors: Scasserra Sofía , Partenio Flora
Published: September 2021

Resumen El presente artículo indaga en las condiciones de mujeres que se fueron insertando en trabajos más precarios, producto de la falta de respuestas en materia de políticas de corresponsabilidad de los cuidados. Estas trabajadoras buscaron respuestas en el trabajo remoto y en las plataformas de trabajo. La sobrecarga de trabajo doméstico y de cuidados no remunerados limita las posibilidades de inserción en empleos con jornadas laborales extradomésticas. De esta manera, la inserción de mujeres en plataformas de trabajo menos visibles – por no estar “en la calle” – es notoria porque habilita la combinación de tiempos y tareas – remuneradas y no remuneradas – en el hogar, pero, al mismo tiempo, las encasilla en sectores que les fueran socialmente asignados. Esta realidad requiere de nuevas estrategias políticas y sindicales a fin de darles visibilidad y representatividad en las organizaciones. Se materializa el riesgo de generar sindicatos sin la participación de las mujeres y sin una agenda de género. El artículo retoma las implicancias de un debate histórico que aún sigue vigente, y que se ha evidenciado en el contexto de la pandemia global, en torno a la llamada crisis de los cuidados. La pandemia del Covid-19 aceleró e hizo más vigente que nunca estos debates. Basado en un enfoque cualitativo, el presente estudio recurre a entrevistas semiestructuradas y al análisis documental para analizar las condiciones laborales de trabajadoras en plataformas digitales para el caso argentino. Asimismo, basado en una serie de talleres con trabajadoras sindicalizadas, plantea diversas estrategias para una agenda sindical y feminista, a fin de que no se diluyan la participación y derechos de las mujeres y personas LGBT+ a través de plataformas de trabajo que las aíslen en diversos empleos bajo la modalidad virtual y remota.
Hunger for profit: how food delivery platforms manage couriers in China
Authors: Chan Jenny
Published: September 2021

Abstract How do food delivery platform firms, such as Meituan (operated by Tencent) and Ele.me (owned by Alibaba), manage couriers through service contracting rather than formal employment? How do couriers experience control and autonomy at work? Using observation and interviews, the author finds that a combination of data-driven surveillance systems and customer feedback mechanisms are incentivizing workers’ efforts. Corporate utilization of both manual and emotional labor is critical to realizing profits. Individual freedom is framed in a way that crowdsourced couriers are not required to work a minimum amount of time. Flexibility enabled by the algorithmic management, however, cuts both ways. When there is less demand, the platform corporations automatically reduce their dependence on labor. With variable food orders and piece rates, workers’ minimum earnings are not guaranteed. In the absence of Chinese legal protections over the fast-growing food delivery sector, informal workers are desperately struggling for livelihood.◊
Persistent organic pollutants distribution in plasma lipoprotein fractions
Authors: Khwaja S. , Hussain S. I. , Zahid M. , Aziz Z. , Akram A. , Jabeen U. , Rasheed A. , Rasheed S. , Baqa K. , Basit A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract This study determines the associations among serum lipid profiles, risk of cardiovascular disease, and persistent organic pollutants. Using Gas chromatography technique, the intensity of toxic pollutant residues in serum samples of Hypertensive patients were measured. Based on statistical analysis, the effects of different covariates namely pesticides, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile duration was checked using the logistic regression model. Statistical computation was performed on SPSS 22.0. The P-values of F-Statistic for each lipid profile class are greater than 0.01 (1%), therefore we cannot reject the null hypothesis for all cases. The estimated coefficients, their standard errors, Wald Statistic, and odds ratio of the binary logistic regression model for different lipid profile parameters indicate if pesticides increase then the logit value of different lipid profile parameters changes from -0.46 to -0.246 except LDL which increases by 0.135. The study reports a significantly increased threat of cardiovascular disease with increased concentrations of toxic pollutants.
Evaluation of three alum-precipitated Aeromonas hydrophila vaccines administered to Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala and Ctenopharyngodon idella: immunokinetics, immersion challenge and histopathology
Authors: Sughra F. , Rahman M. Hafeez-ur , Abbas F. , Altaf I.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a cause of infectious disease outbreaks in carp species cultured in South Asian countries including Pakistan. This bacterium has gained resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and robust preventive measures are necessary to control its spread. No prior use of fish vaccines has been reported in Pakistan. The present study aims to develop and evaluate inactivated vaccines against local strain of A. hydrophila in Pakistan with alum-precipitate as adjuvant. The immunogenic potential of vaccine was evaluated in two Indian major carps (Rohu: Labeo rohita, Mori: Cirrhinus mrigala) and a Chinese carp (Grass carp: Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were vaccinated intraperitoneally followed by a challenge through immersion. Fish with an average age of 4-5 months were randomly distributed in three vaccinated groups with three vaccine concentrations of 108, 109 and 1010 colony forming unit (CFU)/ml and a control group. Fixed dose of 0.1ml was applied to each fish on 1st day and a booster dose at 15 days post-vaccination (DPV). Blood samples were collected on 14, 28, 35, 48 and 60 DPV to determine antibody titers in blood serum using compliment fixation test (CFT). Fish were challenged at 60 DPV with infectious A. hydrophila with 108 CFU/ml through immersion. Significantly higher levels of antibody titers were observed from 28 DPV in all vaccinated groups as compared to those in the control group. In challenge experiment the average RPS (relative percent survivability) was 71% for groups vaccinated with 109 and 1010 CFU/ml and 86% for 108 CFU/ml. Vaccine with 108 CFU/ml induced highest immune response followed by 109 and 1010 CFU/ml. The immune response of L. rohita and C. idella was better than that of C. mrigala. In general, normal histopathology was observed in different organs of vaccinated fish whereas minor deteriorative changes were found in fish vaccinated with higher concentrations of the vaccine.
The first record of Bergamina lineolata (Chydoridae; Aloninae) from Colombia
Authors: Fuentes-Reinés J. M. , Eslava-Eljaiek P. , Elmoor-Loureiro L. M. A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract The Neotropical freshwater cladoceran Bergamina lineolata (Sars, 1901) was found in a small temporal pond in the Magdalena department. Hitherto, it has been reported in Brazil and El Salvador. It was originally described as Alonella lineolata by Sars, 1901 from Brazil and then placed to the genus Bergamina by Elmoor-Loureiro et al. (2013). This is the first record of this species in Colombia. B. lineolata can be identified by a unique combination of characters including: 1) a remarkably large and oblong postabdomen, with three denticles on distal corner; 2) basal spine of the claw very short, length less than the half claw diameter at base; 3) IDL with two setae shorter than ODL seta, armed with fine setules unilaterally in terminal half; 4) endite 1 of trunk limb I with a long smooth seta between endites 1 and 2.
Honey as a bioindicator of environmental organochlorine insecticides contamination
Authors: Attaullah M. , Nawaz M. A. , Ilahi I. , Ali H. , Jan T. , Khwaja S. , Hazrat A. , Ullah I. , Ullah Z. , Ullah S. , Ahmad B. , Ullah R.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Honey is a suitable matrix for the evaluation of environmental contaminants including organochlorine insecticides. The present study was conducted to evaluate residues of fifteen organochlorine insecticides in honey samples of unifloral and multifloral origins from Dir, Pakistan. Honey samples (5 g each) were extracted with GC grade organic solvents and then subjected to Rotary Evaporator till dryness. The extracts were then mixed with n-Hexane (5 ml) and purified through Column Chromatography. Purified extracts (1μl each) were processed through Gas Chromatograph coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) for identification and quantification of the insecticides. Of the 15 insecticides tested, 46.7% were detected while 53.3% were not detected in the honey samples. Heptachlor was the most prevalent insecticide with a mean level of 0.0018 mg/kg detected in 80% of the samples followed by β-HCH with a mean level of 0.0016 mg/kg detected in 71.4% of the honey samples. Honey samples from Acacia modesta Wall. were 100% positive for Heptachlor with a mean level of 0.0048 mg/kg followed by β-HCH with a mean level of 0.003 mg/kg and frequency of 83.3%. Minimum levels of the tested insecticides were detected in the unifloral honey from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Methoxychlor, Endosulfan, Endrin and metabolites of DDT were not detected in the studied honey samples. Some of the tested insecticides are banned in Pakistan but are still detected in honey samples indicating their use in the study area. The detected levels of all insecticides were below the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) and safe for consumers. However, the levels detected can cause mortality in insect fauna. The use of banned insecticides is one of the main factors responsible for the declining populations of important insect pollinators including honeybees.
Assessing reduction of cluster size to estimate wood volume in an Amazonian forest
Authors: RODRIGUES Nivea Maria Mafra , DAVID Hassan Camil , FERREIRA Gabriel William Dias , ARAÚJO Emanuel José Gomes , MORAIS Vinícius Augusto
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT While the Brazilian National Forest Inventory (NFI) is in progress, there is a growing demand to understand the effect of cluster size on the accuracy and precision of forest-attribute estimation. We aimed to find the minimum cluster size (in area) to estimate merchantable volume (MV) with the same accuracy and precision as the estimates derived from the original cluster of 8,000 m2. We used data from an inventory carried out in a forest unit (Bom Futuro National Forest) in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, where 22 clusters were distributed as a two-stage sampling design. Three products were evaluated: (i) MV of trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm (P1); (ii) MV of trees with DBH ≥ 50 cm (P2); and (iii) MV of commercial species with DBH ≥ 50 cm and stem quality ‘level 1’ or ‘level 2’ (P3). We assessed ten scenarios in which the cluster size was reduced from 8,000 m2 to 800 m2. The accuracy of P1, P2 and P3 was highly significantly lower for reductions < 2,400 m². The precision was more sensitive to variations in cluster size, especially for P2 and P3. Minimum cluster sizes were ≥ 2,400 m² to estimate P1, ≥ 4,800 m² to estimate P2, and ≥ 7,200 m² to estimate P3. We concluded that it is possible to reduce the cluster size without losing the accuracy and precision given by the original NFI cluster. A cluster of 2,400 m² provides estimates as accurate as the original cluster, regardless of the evaluated product.