bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Content Analysis of the News Media Framing of Trans Homicide Between Trans Men and Trans Women in the U.S. from 2016 to 2022
Authors: Avalos Susana
Published: December 2023

Recently, the media’s coverage of trans homicides has increased in the U.S. Studies show that the news media’s framing has been largely negative but has improved in recent times. Yet, research has mostly analyzed the news media’s framing of victims who were trans women, thus limiting our understanding of this issue across different trans groups. The present study employs a mixed method approach to comparatively analyze articles ( N = 124) published in online news media outlets of 15 trans men and 15 trans women murdered between 2016 and 2022. The findings indicate news media outlets used more positive and neutral frames than negative for both groups. However, when compared to trans women, trans men were delegitimized at higher rates. These findings highlight the ways that the police, news media, family, friends, and community members simultaneously contribute to the humanization and delegitimization of trans victims of homicide, demonstrating the importance of ensuring all information released about the victims correctly reflects who they were, or the cycle of delegitimization will continue. By studying how the news media frames trans homicide victims, we can look at how the media shapes cultural beliefs and ideologies about trans people, the role of language in reinforcing stereotypes, and the implications of these framings for trans people.
“In the End You Keep Silent”: Help-Seeking Behavior Upon Sexual Victimization in Older Adults
Authors: Nobels Anne , De Schrijver Lotte , Van Landuyt Mira , Vandeviver Christophe , Lemmens Gilbert M. D. , Beaulieu Marie , Keygnaert Ines
Published: December 2023

Sexual violence is considered a prominent mental health problem. Exposure to sexual victimization during lifetime has been linked to mental health problems in old age. Research in adult victims has shown that they experience many barriers for disclosure and seeking professional help upon sexual victimization. However, information on help-seeking behavior in older victims of sexual violence is non-existent. With this study we aim for a better understanding of help-seeking behavior upon sexual violence in older adults. We used a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential design. Data were collected through structured face-to-face interviews with a random sample of 227 sexual violence victims of 70 years and older living in Belgium. Quantitative data were triangulated with qualitative data from 15 in-depth interviews with older victims. We found that up to 60% of older sexual violence victims never disclosed their experiences and 94% never sought professional help. Help-seeking is a complex process comprising several phases, which are affected by strong feelings of shame and self-blame, ageist premises and taboos about sexuality. In the end, most victims choose to cope on their own. Occasional disclosure only happens decades after the sexual violence took place. Older victims do not spontaneously disclose to healthcare workers but expect professionals to initiate the conversation. In conclusion, few older victims disclose or seek professional help upon sexual victimization. Healthcare professionals working with older adults need capacity building through training, screening tools, and care procedures to initiate conversation on sexual violence, and to detect signs, prevent, mitigate and respond to sexual victimization in older adults.
The language of power: Interpersonal perceptions of sense of power, dominance, and prestige based on word usage
Authors: Körner Robert , Overbeck Jennifer R , Körner Erik , Schütz Astrid
Published: December 2023

We examined whether people can accurately judge the experienced power, dominance, and prestige of others based on short texts, and what linguistic cues are related to these hierarchy-related variables. Past research suggests that personality is reflected in language, but hierarchy—another important feature in human relationships—has not been fully considered. In two studies with a zero-acquaintance setting, judges ( N1/2 = 105/202) read self-descriptions of speakers ( N1/2 = 200/200) and completed peer ratings of speakers’ power, dominance, and prestige. Speakers completed the same scales as self-ratings. We found substantial associations between the hierarchy concepts and several word categories (e.g., sense of power was negatively related to tentative words in self- and peer reports). For power and prestige, judges and speakers used the same linguistic cues for their assessments. Further, judges converged strongly in their assessments and showed high self-other agreement for all variables. We conclude that social hierarchy concepts are enacted in language and can be perceived from minimal verbal information. The findings show the importance of distinguishing between various hierarchy concepts when analyzing language correlates and have implications for testing power theories with linguistic material and the understanding of perceptions regarding hierarchy differences and following downstream consequences.
Birth order and personality: Evidence from a representative sample of Chinese
Authors: Mu Wenlong , Li Yumei , Cui Shiyang , He Along , Liu Tianyuan
Published: December 2023

Birth order differences in personality have been studied for almost a hundred years. However, most studies have been conducted in Western cultural contexts, while few studies have addressed the associations between birth order and personality in East Asian cultural contexts. In this study, we examined how birth order influences the Big Five personality traits using a representative Chinese sample ( N = 14,148). Both between- and within-family designs were used to examine the associations between birth order and the Big Five personality traits. The results indicated that the impacts of birth order on the Big Five personality traits were not statistically significant and were negligible. We conclude that birth order has no lasting impact on the Big Five personality traits in the Chinese cultural context.
The liverwort who wanted to take root
Authors: Tsai Chenta
Published: December 2023

This article offers an introspective, intentionally imperfect, and contradictory exploration of various dimensions of multiple selves, belonging, and the migrant experience. It focuses on the author’s personal experiences, examining the contradictions and challenges inherent to constructing a diasporic identity. The author unravels the complexities of self-identification and external perceptions, emphasizing how labels, names, and physical appearance influence interactions and self-understanding in specific cultural and geographical contexts. The adequacy of conventional words and terminology is questioned, as is their capacity to fully capture the richness and diversity of migratory and diasporic experiences. An argument is made for a more flexible conceptualization capable of accommodating the wide range of different backgrounds, challenges, and realities of racialized people and migrants of East Asian origin. Overall, the article proposes a re-evaluation and re-orientation of the dominant narratives and discourses around identity and migration. Through a personal reflection, it seeks to celebrate the multiplicity and complexity of diasporic identities and experiences using contradiction as a starting point.
Taxonomical lives: The making of social divisions in the Swedish press during the golden age of social democracy, 1945–76
Authors: Smedberg Carl-Filip
Published: December 2023

This article investigates the media lives of a particular class taxonomy in the Swedish press from 1945 to 1976. Invented by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 1911, the ‘social group division’ system was abandoned in the early post-war period. Around the same time, however, it gained popularity in Swedish culture and political debate. While earlier research has noted that such bureaucratic class taxonomies – as in several other Western countries – conditioned how actors understood and created new knowledge about the population, this process of wider circulation remains understudied. Using insights from literature on ‘the social life of methods’ and the history of knowledge, which underline that knowledge is transformed by and transforms the contexts it circulates in, I show that print media was an arena for circulating and producing new meaning around class taxonomies. Although editorials shunned the social group division for incorrectly representing Swedish society and creating artificial class boundaries, journalists used the taxonomy to explain social structures. Furthermore, by interviewing ‘typical’ members of the different social groups, journalists made the system relatable and personal for their readers. In this context, the social groups were imagined as cultural communities, sharing cultural behaviours and preferences. Lastly, I analyse usages of the social group division in letters to the editor, which reveal that people felt they were being classified and wanted to offer their views of society, using the taxonomy in ways the experts had not intended. This study thereby contributes to the history of social taxonomies and class languages in the post-war period.
A hybrid modeling method of fatigue crack growth for gas turbine blades under combined high and low cycle fatigue loadings
Authors: Yang Shixi , Huang Qinni , Gu Xiwen , Lan Jibing , Sui Yongfeng
Published: December 2023

Fatigue crack is one of the major faults of the gas turbine blades. Previous modeling studies on fatigue crack growth of blades mainly focus on a single numerical or analytical approach considering different sizes of cracks under various fatigue loadings. However, the actual crack propagation process is time-varying. The iteration and update of the model are necessary to evaluate the fatigue life of blades precisely. This paper proposes a hybrid modeling method to study blade crack growth under combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loadings. The method emphasizes the combination and interaction between the finite element (FE) numerical simulation and the analytical calculation based on the fracture mechanics model. The current crack propagation length of the blade FE model is calculated from the crack growth rate obtained by the stress intensity factor (SIF) range according to Paris law. Then, a new SIF range is resolved from the FE model with the updated crack length. The proposed method is verified by the first-stage compressor blade from an in-service gas turbine. Results show that the crack growth is faster using the proposed hybrid modeling method than the traditional method. The update of the SIF range under CCF loadings cannot be ignored when predicting the fatigue life of the blade. Also, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. Suggestions are given on how to set the crack extension length at each stage during modeling, especially when the blade approaches failure.
A novel two-stream multi-head self-attention convolutional neural network for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ren Hang , Liu Shaogang , Wei Fengmei , Qiu Bo , Zhao Dan
Published: December 2023

Bearing is one of the most prone to failure components, and the most commonly used supporting parts in rotating machinery. There are important economic and safety significance for studying effective bearing fault diagnosis method. Deep learning has been widely applied to intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machines. In particular, convolutional neural network (CNN) improves diagnostic accuracy due to automatic feature extraction ability. However, CNN cannot fully use the temporal information of the input signals and extract global features. This article presents a new depth model called two-stream multi-head self-attention convolutional neural network (TSMSCNN) for bearing fault diagnosis to solve the above problems. First, we obtain temporal information through the difference of data points in the input signal. Next, the temporal information and original signal are used as input for two CNN branches. Then, the multi-head self-attention (MS) mechanism adaptively aggregates the features and assigns weights to the features extracted by CNN. Finally, the learned high-level representations are fed into the full connect (FC) layer for fault diagnosis. Experimental results prove that the proposed TSMSCNN has higher accuracy than state-of-the-art methods and has excellent noise immunity and transfer performance.
Effect of alkali treatment on mechanical properties and morphology of the Balanites aegyptiaca composite
Authors: Reddy Bandi Madhusudhan , Reddy Reddygari Meenakshi , Reddy Pathapalli Venkateshwar , Prashanth Nittala Noel Anurag , Bandhu Din
Published: December 2023

The reinforcement of natural fibers in polymer composites is becoming more popular as time goes on due to their biodegradability, availability, lightweight, nontoxic, and nonhazardous characteristics. The goal of this research is to use natural resources like fibers in polymer composites. The matrix was made with the composites of epoxy resin in which fibers derived from the tree of Balanites Balanites aegyptiaca were utilized as reinforcement. To enhance the surface properties of these fibers, they were treated with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). By varying weight (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) of the raw fibers treated with NaOH in epoxy resin several composite samples were produced using the hand lay-up technique. The effect of adding Balanites aegyptiaca fibers treated with NaOH to measure mechanical properties such as tensile, bending, and impact, as well as absorption of water and chemical resistance, and SEM morphology was studied. The composite with 15 wt.% Balanites aegyptiaca fibers exhibited the best mechanical properties, absorption of water, and chemical resistance to the composites, indicating that it has the strongest bonding and adhesion between fibers treated with NaOH and epoxy matrix. The surfaces of the tested composites displayed an interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fibers, which is vividly visible in SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces of tested composites. The composites that are reinforced with fiber and treated with NaOH are more resistant to water and chemicals than composites with untreated fibers.
Mechanical and metallurgical characterization of friction stir welded AA2024 to pure copper using specific variables and positioning
Authors: Baghel Surjeet Singh , Soni Pradeep Kumar
Published: December 2023

A simple cylindrical pin shaped tool made economically of H13 tool steel was used to butt weld dissimilar metal plates of AA2024 and pure copper with friction stir welding with three different welding arrangements of plate positionings and tool offsets. Plunge depth, tool tilt angle and tool traverse speed remained steady while tool rotation speed varied in every arrangement. Tensile strength testing, microhardness testing, SEM, EDS and fractography were performed to evaluate the impact of plate positioning, tool offset and tool rotational speed on weld quality. The NZ showed swirl and vortex microstructures, and ductile fracture was identified as the cause of rupture in the FSWed samples. The arrangement AA2024 was placed in the advancing side without tool offset at tool rotation speed of 900 rpm demonstrated UTS, YS and microhardness as 198.98 MPa, 153.86 MPa and 251 HV respectively whereas maximum elongation, joint efficiency found 8.39%, 85.54% respectively.
Latent profiles of nurses’ moral resilience and compassion fatigue
Authors: Chen Xuelei , Zhang Yanju , Zheng Ruishuang , Hong Wei , Zhang Jingping
Published: December 2023

Background

Compassion fatigue is often associated with moral distress in the nursing practice among registered nurses. Moral resilience is an important ability to maintain, restore, or promote their physical and mental health in response to ethical dilemmas in nursing. Moral resilience can be utilized as a potential solution to aid registered nurses in effectively managing compassion fatigue.

Aim

To identify latent profiles of moral resilience among registered nurses and to explore the relationships of these profiles with compassion fatigue.

Research design

From August 2022 to December 2022, 569 nurses were recruited in two general hospitals, in China. A Rushton Moral Resilience Scale and the Chinese version of Compassion Fatigue—Short Scale were given to the participants. A latent profile analysis was conducted to explore moral resilience latent profiles. Predictors of profiles membership was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression analysis, and the compassion fatigue scores of each latent profile were compared using a one-way analysis of variance.

Ethical considerations

We obtained ethical approval from the Institution Review Board of Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University (IRB No. E202293, approved 15/July/2022).

Results

A four-profile moral resilience model best fit the data. Different levels and shapes differentiated the four profiles: high moral resilience (28.7%), moderate moral resilience (52.3%), low responses and high efficacy (16.2%), and low moral resilience (2.8%). Nurses with bachelor’s degrees were more likely to belong to the high moral resilience ( OR = 0.118, p = .038) and moderate moral resilience ( OR = 0.248, p = .045); Nurses who were divorced or separated ( OR = 11.746, p = .025) and very dissatisfied with their work ( OR = 0.001, p = .049) were more probably belonging to low moral resilience. Nurses who had received ethical training in the hospital were more likely involved in high moral resilience ( OR = 5.129, p = .003) and low responses and high efficacy ( OR = 5.129, p = .003). In each profile of moral resilience, compassion fatigue was experienced differently by the participants ( F = 13.05, p < .001).

Conclusions

Developing and implementing interventions tailored to each nurse’s moral resilience profile would maximize interventions’ effectiveness and reduce nurses’ compassion fatigue.
Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Genetic Counselors and Genetic Testing Among Certified Professional Midwives in Vermont: A Modified Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Gabriel Jazmine L. , Burcher Paul , Cheyney Melissa
Published: December 2023

Increasingly, pregnant people in the United States are choosing to give at birth at home, and certified professional midwives (CPMs) often attend these births. Care by midwives, including home birth midwives, has the potential to decrease unnecessary medical interventions and their associated health care costs, as well as to improve maternal satisfaction with care. However, lack of integration into the health care system affects the ability of CPMs to access standard medications and testing for their clients, including prenatal screening. Genetics and genomics are now a routine part of prenatal screening, and genetic testing can contribute to identifying candidates for planned home birth. However, research on genetics and midwifery care has not, to date, included the subset of midwives who attend the majority of planned home births, CPMs. The purpose of this study was to examine CPMs’ access to, and perspectives on, one aspect of prenatal care, genetic counselors and genetic counseling services. Using semi-structured interviews and a modified grounded theory approach to narrative analysis, we identified three key themes: (1) systems-level issues with accessing information about genetic counseling and genetic testing; (2) practice-level patterns in information delivery and self-awareness about knowledge limitations; and (3) client-level concerns about the value of genetic testing relative to difficulties with access and stress caused by the information. The results of this study can be used to develop decision aids that include information about genetic testing and genetic counseling access for pregnant people intending home births in the United States.
Developing Critical Reflection in Asynchronous Discussions; the Role of the Instructor
Authors: Goumaa Rasha , Anderson Lisa
Published: December 2023

We report on a study of how instructors in an online management classroom aim to develop critical reflection through asynchronous discussions. There is an ongoing debate centered on improving asynchronous discussions in online management education but insights into how these discussions could be facilitated to promote critical reflection remains largely under-developed. We address this issue by considering the extent to which management instructors’ perception of their role and understanding of being critical impact their facilitation of asynchronous classroom discussions and the challenges associated with this facilitation. Results from 18 semi-structured interviews with instructors teaching in an online MBA program at a UK higher education institution show the potential of asynchronous discussions to promote critical reflection. However, we found that instructors often fail to capitalize on opportunities for critical reflection that arise from classroom diversity and dynamics. Despite the emancipatory intent that underlies program design, interview data reveals three specific areas of interest: the diversity of instructors’ interpretations of what constitutes being critical in asynchronous discussions, a range of individualized facilitation strategies and the impact of imposed design constraints. We offer suggestions as to how to improve the facilitation of critical reflection through asynchronous discussions as well as directions for future research.
In Search of Responsible Career Guidance: Career Capital and Personal Purpose in Restless Times
Authors: Wohlgezogen Franz , Cotronei-Baird Valeria S
Published: December 2023

Management educators have developed a wide variety of approaches to ensure students develop job-ready skills, resilience, and other forms of career capital to gain and retain employment in an ever-changing, competitive job market. Yet, concerns about the employability agenda’s consequences for students’ self-concept and wellbeing have gained urgency amid a crisis of confidence in capitalism. Humanistic approaches to management education map an alternative path, starting from students’ unique values, voices, and experiences, and leading to the pursuit of a personal purpose. In this essay, we explore the tensions and potential synergies of the career capital and personal purpose approaches to career preparation and support. Building on our experiences at the University of Melbourne’s Faculty of Business and Economics, we discuss how integrative learning experiences can combine these two approaches to (1) encourage students to recognize the mutual influence of career capital and personal purpose; and (2) provide rich opportunities for external stakeholder involvement to contribute to students’ career capital and personal purpose development efforts. We believe that our proposals for embracing both career capital and personal purpose considerations can help management educators recalibrate their efforts to help students develop personally meaningful and sustainable careers.
Ocular features in myopic eyes with longer horizontal ciliary sulcus diameters for intended implantable collamer lens surgery
Authors: Chen Xi , Wan Linxi , Ye Yiming , Yao Huan , Cui Zedu , Huang Yuke , Wang Xiao , Hou Xiangtao , Luo Qian , Qiu Jin , Li Yan , Zhuang Jing , Yu Keming
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

To assess the ocular anterior segment characteristics in myopic eyes intended for ICL surgery with horizontal ciliary sulcus-to-sulcus (STS) diameters being greater than vertical STS diameters.

Methods:

This retrospective, comparative case study included 1230 eyes of patients who underwent ICL implantation for the treatment of myopia or myopic astigmatism at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from September 2020 to November 2021. The myopic eyes were divided into two groups according to the relatively long diameter of the ciliary sulcus. General parameters and anterior chamber parameters were compared between the two groups.

Results:

1230 eyes of 694 patients were included. The proportion of myopic eyes with longer horizontal STS diameters was 4.63%. Horizontal STS distances exceeding vertical meridians in these eyes were mainly attributed to the shortening of vertical STS distances (horizontal STS: P = 0.112; vertical STS: P < 0.001). Eyes with longer horizontal meridians of the ciliary sulcus displayed larger steep keratometry value ( P = 0.001), larger corneal volume ( P = 0.002), larger corneal astigmatism ( P < 0.001), larger ocular residual astigmatism ( P = 0.017), worse visual acuity (logMAR UDVA: P = 0.021; logMAR CDVA: P = 0.001), and more iridociliary cysts ( P = 0.017) compared to eyes with vertically oval shapes.

Conclusion:

Myopic eyes with longer horizontal STS diameters are commonly accompanied by a change in corneal morphology and more iridociliary cysts. The anatomical features of the ciliary sulcus should be given sufficient consideration to ICL size and placement selection, contributing to more personalized and precise surgery.
Understanding the lived experiences of youth incarcerated in adult facilities through their letters: A content analysis
Authors: Cavanagh Caitlin , Orr Casey , Kitzmiller Mary K. , Martinez Rubén , Villarruel Francisco , Mistrett Marcy
Published: December 2023

Youth in the United States continue to be tried, sentenced, and incarcerated as adults, despite their age and developmental immaturity. To better understand the lived experience of sentencing youth as adults, a content analysis was completed to synthesize 267 letters written by incarcerated persons sentenced as youth from across the United States to inductively identify common themes that encapsulate youths’ experiences. Six themes emerged from these efforts: (1) youth who commit crimes are fundamentally less culpable than adults; (2) youth who are prosecuted in adult court are often ignorant of their legal rights, have inappropriate legal representation, and/or are pressured into plea deals; (3) serious juvenile crime is often a product of dysfunctional environments; (4) violent, overcrowded, and isolating prison conditions are antithetical to rehabilitation; (5) youth who are detained in adult jails and prisons are acutely vulnerable to violence and abuse while incarcerated; and (6) people who have been incarcerated for crimes they committed as juveniles are capable of transformation and aspire to contribute to society in a positive way. We situate these themes within both literature and policy to provide a more holistic understanding of the impacts of youthful incarceration, and how to mitigate its harms.
Punishing people through property: Strategic task force inspections at the nexus of criminal and civil legal systems
Authors: Golio AJ , Bartram Robin , Tufts LaToya
Published: December 2023

In this article, we investigate a largely unexplored policing mechanism: Strategic Task Force (STF) inspections in Chicago. This process exists at the intersection of civil and criminal legal systems: properties affiliated with criminal drug or gang activity are swept by building inspectors and police officers, with the explicit purpose of finding code violations and prompting civil legal action against the owner. Using two datasets of inspected buildings, we demonstrate that those who own properties targeted by the STF more often face financial and legal hurdles such as foreclosures, ownership transfers, and property restrictions. This finding coheres with qualitative court data, which demonstrates a pervasive punitive attitude in STF cases. We argue that STF inspections amount to a denial of criminal due process for residents in communities of color, punishing alleged offenders via a civil process with much more flexible procedural standards. Our analysis of punishing people through property highlights the need for expanding standards of criminal due process to civil contexts to guarantee defendants’ substantive rights.
Factory worker welfare and the commodification of labour in market socialist Vietnam: Debates on overtime work in the revised labour code
Authors: Luong Ngoc , Nguyen Minh TN
Published: December 2023

State socialist Vietnam formally embraced market reforms in the mid-1980s, and since then advancing marketization under the undisrupted rule of the Communist party. As marketization deepens, the party state’s legitimacy continues to rest on socialist practices of governance, structures of feeling and visions of a class-free society. This political-economic context gives rise to struggles between market and socialist logics over the social question in an economy that now powers global production with raw material and cheap labour, much of which is migrant labour. This article highlights these struggles through an analysis of the public debates around the regulation of overtime work during the revision of the 1994 Labour Code by Vietnam’s National Assembly in 2019, which foresees limiting it to ensure workers’ well-being. While parties to the debate position themselves as pro-business or pro-workers, they all evoke socialist narratives of nation-building, solidarity and care while emphasizing the market ethos of competitiveness and productivity. In arguing for removing the limit, the pro-business camp highlights the workers’ responsibility to contribute to the competitiveness of the country and their employers by working overtime to make up for their low productivity. In contrast, the pro-worker camp pleads for limiting overtime work on the grounds of workers’ poor health and difficult family lives, portraying their sufferings as deserving compassion. Despite these contrasting justifications, both arguments are characterized by the assumption of self-responsibility as the mainstay of well-being and failure to acknowledge the deeper societal problems posed by the commodification of labour.
Comparative analysis of syringes versus pump devices in benchtop aspiration thrombectomy models: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Senol Yigit Can , Li Jiahui , Orscelik Atakan , Kobeissi Hassan , Bilgin Cem , Oliver Alexander A , Ghozy Sherief , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F
Published: December 2023

Background

Although direct contact aspiration has emerged as one of the leading techniques for mechanical thrombectomy (MT), there is still ongoing debate about the aspiration/suction pump devices that can optimize recanalization rates. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing the aspiration efficacy of 60 ml syringe and pump devices in benchtop MT models.

Methods

Systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Outcomes of interest included flow rate and vacuum pressure delivered by a 60 ml syringe and several aspiration pumps. We used a random effects model to calculate the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a statistically significant difference was considered as a two-sided p-value of less than 0.05.

Results

We included six benchtop studies comparing 60 ml syringes and vacuum pumps. Our meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in vacuum pressure (MD:0.71inHg, 95% CI: [−0.81;2.23], p = 0.359) and flow rate (MD:0.27 mL/s, 95% CI: [−3,07; 3.61], p = 0.873) between 60 ml syringes and vacuum pumps groups.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated comparable performance in terms of vacuum pressure and flow rates between a 60 ml syringe and a heterogeneous combination of commercially available aspiration pumps.
RAPID aneurysm accurately measures aneurysm size on CT angiography compared to three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Snyder Sarah J , Gauden Andrew , Copeland Karen , Spiotta Alejandro M , Heit Jeremy J
Published: December 2023

Background

Cerebral aneurysms are often identified and characterized on non-invasive CT Angiography (CTA) images, but digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for aneurysm evaluation.

Objective

We compared cerebral aneurysm size measurements as measured from CTA processed by a semi-automated artificial intelligence software program (RAPID Aneurysm) and three-dimensional rotational DSA (3D-DSA).

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with a cerebral aneurysm who underwent CTA and DSA with 3D reformations. CTA images were processed by RAPID Aneurysm to determine aneurysm height, width, and neck width. The reference standard was aneurysm measurements on 3D-DSA as measured by two neurointerventionalists. Both readers were blinded to RAPID Aneurysm measurements. Correlation and bias between these measurements were determined.

Results

Results from 50 patients with 50 aneurysms were compared. 32 patients (64%) were female. Median age was 65 (IQR: 56.25–71.75). 37 patients (74%) presented with ruptured aneurysms. The aneurysms represented a range of aneurysm sizes (1.9–33.3 mm; IQR 3.6–7.2 mm). RAPID Aneurysm size measurements showed excellent correlation and low bias (correlation, mean difference) when compared to the reference standard for aneurysm height (0.98, −0.9 mm), width (0.98, 0.1 mm), and neck width (0.94, 1.1 mm). The inter-reader comparison between the two neurointerventionalists was similarly excellent for aneurysm height (0.97, −0.4 mm), width (0.98, −0.2 mm), and neck width (0.89, 0.8 mm).

Conclusion

RAPID Aneurysm measurement of cerebral aneurysm height, width, and neck width on CTA is strongly correlated to expert neurointerventionalist measurements on 3D-DSA.
Optimizing the doses of cancer drugs after usual dose finding
Authors: Strohbehn Garth W , Stadler Walter M , Boonstra Philip S , Ratain Mark J
Published: December 2023

Since the middle of the 20th century, oncology’s dose-finding paradigm has been oriented toward identifying a drug’s maximum tolerated dose, which is then carried forward into phase 2 and 3 trials and clinical practice. For most modern precision medicines, however, maximum tolerated dose is far greater than the minimum dose needed to achieve maximal benefit, leading to unnecessary side effects. Regulatory change may decrease maximum tolerated dose’s predominance by enforcing dose optimization of new drugs. Dozens of already approved cancer drugs require re-evaluation, however, introducing a new methodologic and ethical challenge in cancer clinical trials. In this article, we assess the history and current landscape of cancer drug dose finding. We provide a set of strategic priorities for postapproval dose optimization trials of the future. We discuss ethical considerations for postapproval dose optimization trial design and review three major design strategies for these unique trials that would both adhere to ethical standards and benefit patients and funders. We close with a discussion of financial and reporting considerations in the realm of dose optimization. Taken together, we provide a comprehensive, bird’s eye view of the postapproval dose optimization trial landscape and offer our thoughts on the next steps required of methodologies and regulatory and funding regimes.
A review of patient recruitment in randomised controlled trials of preoperative exercise
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Solomon Michael , Young Jane , Beckenkamp Paula R , Bartyn Jenna , Koh Cherry , Hancock Mark
Published: December 2023

Background

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard design to determine the effectiveness of an intervention, as the only method of decreasing section bias and minimising random error. However, participant recruitment to randomised controlled trials is a major challenge, with many trials failing to recruit the targeted sample size accordingly to the planned protocol. Thus, the aim of this review is to detail the recruitment challenges of preoperative exercise clinical trials.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, AMED and PsycINFO from inception to July 2021. Randomised controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of preoperative exercise on postoperative complication and/or length of hospital stay in adult cancer patients were included. Main outcomes included recruitment rate, retention rate, number of days needed to screen and recruit one patient and trial recruitment duration. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise outcomes of interest.

Results

A total of 27 trials were identified, including 3656 patients screened (N = 21) and 1414 randomised (median recruitment rate (interquartile range) = 53.6% (25.2%–67.6%), N = 21). The sample size of the included trials ranged from 19 to 270 (median = 48.0; interquartile range = 40.0–85.0) and the duration of trial recruitment ranged from 3 to 50 months (median = 19.0 months; interquartile range = 10.5–34.0). Overall, a median of 3.6 days was needed to screen one patient, whereas 13.7 days were needed to randomise one participant. Over the trials duration, the median dropout rate was 7.9%. Variations in recruitment outcomes were observed across trials of different cancer types but were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The recruitment of participants to preoperative exercise randomised controlled trials is challenging, but patient retention appears to be less of a problem. Future trials investigating the effectiveness of a preoperative exercise programme following cancer surgery should consider the time taken to recruit patients. Strategies associated with improved recruitment should be investigated in future studies.
The role of people with intellectual disability in intellectual disability research: A systematic review of Delphi studies
Authors: Piantedosi Diana K , O’Shea Amie
Published: December 2023

Background

The way intellectual disability research is designed warrants critical examination, as the knowledge produced through these approaches informs evidence-based practices. People with lived experience should be considered experts in relation to understanding their bodies, conditions, and treatment.

Method

This systematic review analyses the design of Delphi studies, to determine the extent to which people with intellectual disability are involved as experts. The design of Delphi studies (involving structured feedback from experts) provides an insight into the extent that ‘lived experience’ is valued as a source of expert knowledge.

Results

Fifty-five publications reporting on forty-nine separate Delphi studies met our inclusion criteria. Nine publications report the involvement of people with intellectual disability. However, family/informal caregivers are represented as experts in higher numbers and their voices carry greater weight.

Conclusion

The findings of this review include guidance for practitioners and researchers to facilitate greater participatory roles of people with intellectual disability.
Kilohertz high-frequency electrical stimulation ameliorate hyperalgesia by modulating transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-2B signaling pathways in chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve mice
Authors: Fang Kexin , Lu Peixin , Cheng Wen , Yu Bin
Published: December 2023

The number of patients with neuropathic pain is increasing in recent years, but drug treatments for neuropathic pain have a low success rate and often come with significant side effects. Consequently, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies has become an urgent necessity. Kilohertz High Frequency Electrical Stimulation (KHES) offers pain relief without inducing paresthesia. However, the specific therapeutic effects of KHES on neuropathic pain and its underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous, warranting further investigation. In our previous study, we utilized the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify datasets related to neuropathic pain mice. The majority of the identified pathways were found to be associated with inflammatory responses. From these pathways, we selected the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-2B (NMDAR2B) pathway for further exploration. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: a Sham group, a Sham/KHES group, a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) group, and a CCI/KHES stimulation group. KHES administered 30 min every day for 1 week. We evaluated the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). The expression of TRPV1 and NMDAR2B in the spinal cord were analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assay. KHES significantly alleviated the mechanical and thermal allodynia in neuropathic pain mice. KHES effectively suppressed the expression of TRPV1 and NMDAR2B, consequently inhibiting the activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) in the spinal cord. The administration of the TRPV1 pathway activator partially reversed the antinociceptive effects of KHES, while the TRPV1 pathway inhibitor achieved analgesic effects similar to KHES. KHES inhibited the activation of spinal dorsal horn glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, by inhibiting the activation of the TRPV1/NMDAR2B signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating neuropathic pain.
Newly discovered functions of miRNAs in neuropathic pain: Transitioning from recent discoveries to innovative underlying mechanisms
Authors: Golmakani Hasan , Azimian Amir , Golmakani Ebrahim
Published: December 2023

Neuropathic pain is a widespread clinical issue caused by somatosensory nervous system damage, affecting numerous individuals. It poses considerable economic and public health challenges, and managing it can be challenging due to unclear underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, emerging evidence suggests that neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation play a role in developing pain patterns. Emerging evidence suggests that neurogenic inflammation and neuroinflammation play significant roles in developing neuropathic pain within the nervous system. Increased/decreased miRNA expression patterns could affect the progression of neuropathic and inflammatory pain by controlling nerve regeneration, neuroinflammation, and the expression of abnormal ion channels. However, our limited knowledge of miRNA targets hinders a complete grasp of miRNA’s functions. Meanwhile, exploring exosomal miRNA, a recently uncovered role, has significantly advanced our comprehension of neuropathic pain’s pathophysiology in recent times. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest miRNA studies and explore the possible ways miRNAs might play a role in the development of neuropathic pain.
Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the therapeutic relationship assessment scale for nurses
Authors: Duran Songül , Polat Selda
Published: December 2023

Background:

It is essential for nurses who care for individuals diagnosed with mental illness to establish a therapeutic relationship. There is no measurement tool available in Türkiye to assess the therapeutic relationship between patient and nurse.

Aim:

The objective of this study is to perform a validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of a scale that enables the evaluation of the quality of the therapeutic relationship established between nurses and patients.

Methods:

140 nurses were included in this study. The data were analysed using the exploratory and confirmatory analyses.

Results:

The scale consists of 25 items and four sub-dimensions. In confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), all factor loads were >0.30. As a result of CFA, all fit indices were >0.85 and the root mean square approximation was <0.080. Cronbach alpha was 0.93 for the whole scale.

Conclusion:

The Turkish version of the TRAS-Nurse scale and its original version were compatible with each other and gave similar results. This scale can be used to determine the therapeutic relationship of nurses who care for psychiatric patients in Türkiye and can be a useful measurement tool when evaluating the factors that may be effective in improving the therapeutic relationship.
Moral distress in nurses in developing economies: an integrative literature review
Authors: Afoko Vivian , Hewison Alistair , Newham Roger , Neilson Susan
Published: December 2023

Background:

Moral distress has been extensively studied in developed economies; however, not much in terms of studies has been carried out in developing economies.

Objective:

To review the literature reporting the experience of moral distress in nurses in health care settings in developing economies.

Design:

An integrative literataure review was used.

Method:

Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online Cochrane and Psych INFO were searched to retrieve titles and abstracts of papers on the experience of moral distress in nurses in developing economies.

Results:

Sixteen articles reporting the experience of moral distress in nurses in developing economies published between 1984 and March 2019 were used for the review. Analysis of the findings revealed seven themes, nurses’ experience of moral distress, inadequate material and human resources, end-of-life challenges, cultural and religious beliefs as a source of moral distress, perceived inactions of medical and nursing staff, impact of moral distress on nurses in developing economies and coping strategies.

Conclusion:

There is paucity of empirical studies on moral distress in nurses in developing economies. More qualitative studies are needed in various cultural settings to enhance its understanding in nurses working in developing economies.
AI research ethics is in its infancy: the EU’s AI Act can make it a grown-up
Authors: Resseguier Anaïs , Ufert Fabienne
Published: December 2023

As the artificial intelligence (AI) ethics field is currently working towards its operationalisation, ethics review as carried out by research ethics committees (RECs) constitutes a powerful, but so far underdeveloped, framework to make AI ethics effective in practice at the research level. This article contributes to the elaboration of research ethics frameworks for research projects developing and/or using AI. It highlights that these frameworks are still in their infancy and in need of a structure and criteria to ensure AI research projects advance in a way that respects norms and principles. This article proposes to draw from the European Union’s AI Act currently in development to shape these frameworks. Although, in the current form of the draft (as of August 2023), the obligations of the AI Act do not apply to scientific research, it is most likely that they will still have a strong impact on AI research considering the need to anticipate market placement or to test new tools in real world conditions. This article investigates what the risk-based approach in the AI Act implies for research ethics and highlights some AI Act obligations of particular value to implement for ethics review processes.