bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hverdagslivets balance - forældre på vippen mellem arbejdsliv og familieliv
Authors: Lyngborg Stine , Madsen Kirstine Guldager , Skoust Gitte Løth
Published: April 2019

Artiklen giver et bud på, hvordan (u)balance mellem arbejdsliv og familieliv kan betragtes, be- skrives og tackles i hverdagen. På baggrund af en række kvalitative interviews med småbørns- forældre viser forfatterne, hvordan graden af balance synes at afhænge af familiernes grad af overensstemmelse mellem idealer og realiteter. Samt af, hvilke strategier de anvender til at imødegå de praktiske og emotionelle problemer i forholdet mellem arbejdsliv og familieliv. Artiklen præsenterer nye modeller og redskaber til at forstå kompleksiteten i småbørnsforældres hverdag på vippen mellem arbejdsliv og familieliv.
Le concept d’autonomie dans l’arrêt Carter c. Canada : Au-delà du libre-choix
Authors: Millaire Karine
Published: April 2019

Quelle est la portée du droit à l’autonomie de la personne depuis l’arrêt Carter c. Canada ? L’arrêt a conclu que les dispositions du Code criminel qui prohibaient de façon absolue toute aide à mourir sont inconstitutionnelles en ce qu’elles portaient atteinte de façon injustifiée à l’article 7 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. La présente contribution analyse le concept d’autonomie qui sous-tend les motifs de la Cour.

Dans un premier temps, les trois modèles théoriques d’« autonomie » reconnus en contexte biomédical et leurs fondements philosophiques seront décrits, à savoir l’autonomie idéale objective, l’autonomie idéale subjective et l’autonomie « non idéale » subjective (autrement qualifiée de « libre-choix »).

Dans un deuxième temps, nous démontrerons que le concept d’autonomie développé dans Carter possède une véritable portée normative substantive correspondant aux principes philosophiques identifiés. La définition du droit à la vie excluant un « droit à la mort » correspond à une norme universelle compatible avec un modèle d’autonomie idéale objective. Lorsque l’autonomie est saisie sous le prisme de l’atteinte au droit à la liberté, c’est alors le modèle de l’autonomie idéale subjective qui est retenu par les juges, lequel vise à permettre à un individu de se gouverner selon l’ensemble de ses valeurs et de ses convictions quant à la conduite générale de sa vie.

En définitive, nous concluons que le concept d’autonomie tel que consacré par l’arrêt Carter revêt une dimension normative dont le respect en pratique pourra — voire devra — justifier des exigences juridiques comme éthiques allant au-delà du simple « libre-choix ».
Expanding the Parameters of Participatory Public Law: A Democratic Right to Public Participation and the State’s Duty of Public Consultation
Authors: Liston Mary
Published: April 2019

This article examines the potential for an improved and expanded democratic relationship between the state and its legal subjects in public law. In Part I, I synthesize several of the compatible features of liberal, civic republican, and deliberative democratic theories in order to advance a new framework for public law in Canada that grounds a right to public participation, and the state’s public consultation duties. The framework illustrates how liberalism, civic republicanism and deliberative democracy possess mutually beneficial effects for public law. This type of democratically-informed common law juridical relationship has not yet been achieved—the topic of Part II—but, in Part III, I employ two typical Canadian public law cases to highlight the nature of current limitations as a springboard to suggest that expanded participation rights are both immanent and possible in Canada. In Part IV, I argue that along with the framework from Part I, jurisprudential pieces are already in place to expand the parameters of participatory public law. Drawing on insights from other jurisdictions, current limitations and anxieties about this expansion can be mitigated or overcome. I then briefly consider two criticisms concerning the effect that more robust public participation requirements may have on courts and governments. Drawing on the theoretical framework presented in Part I, I conclude that an individual right to public participation combined with a general duty of public consultation is an essential legal requirement in modern rights-respecting democracies, such as Canada’s, which aspire to be deliberative, fair, and participatory.
Digitalización, monitorización y evaluación del impacto de la Economía Social. Análisis en el Tercer Sector de Acción Social español: el caso de Juntos por el Empleo
Authors: Valcárcel Dueñas Mercedes , Solórzano García Marta
Published: April 2019

Durante los últimos años se han elaborado numerosos estudios sobre la necesidad de que las entidades del Tercer Sector de Acción Social (TSAS) desarrollen habilidades para comunicar y demostrar sus resultados y la eficiencia en el desempeño de su actividad. En este proceso, la monitorización y la evaluación se convierten en actividades claves para hacer partícipes a los distintos grupos de interés del impacto por ellas generado. Junto a esto, la sociedad ha vivido una evolución digital que ha generado cambios profundos en todos los ámbitos, grupos e individuos.Partiendo de un análisis realizado desde la teoría institucional y la teoría de la dependencia de recursos para poner en valor la importancia que adquiere este proceso dentro del contexto de los requerimientos de los financiadores y de los grupos de interés en general, planteamos la necesidad de identificar las nuevas herramientas digitales y formas de trabajo con las mismas que pueden apoyar la realización de la evaluación en las entidades del TSAS y que ésta sea de utilidad para el cumplimiento de la misión y los objetivos de las organizaciones. Analizamos el caso de Juntos por el Empleo, iniciativa promovida por la Fundacion Accenture junto a varias organizaciones sociales, empresas y administraciones públicas, cómo práctica de interés en la implementación de nuevas herramientas digitales que han facilitado el trabajo compartido de gestión y evaluación de sus proyectos sociales. El enfoque de impacto colectivo se descubre como una nueva forma, colaborativa y estructurada, necesaria para abordar los problemas a los que se enfrenta el TSAS.
Developmental NMDA receptor dysregulation in the infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis mouse model
Authors: Koster Kevin P , Francesconi Walter , Berton Fulvia , Alahmadi Sami , Srinivas Roshan , Yoshii Akira
Published: April 2019

Protein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation alter protein function. This post-translational modification is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) causes infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1), a pediatric neurodegenerative disease. However, the role of protein depalmitoylation in synaptic maturation is unknown. Therefore, we studied synapse development in Ppt1-/- mouse visual cortex. We demonstrate that the developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit switch from GluN2B to GluN2A is stagnated in Ppt1-/- mice. Correspondingly, Ppt1-/- neurons exhibit immature evoked NMDAR currents and dendritic spine morphology in vivo. Further, dissociated Ppt1-/- cultured neurons show extrasynaptic, diffuse calcium influxes and enhanced vulnerability to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, reflecting the predominance of GluN2B-containing receptors. Remarkably, Ppt1-/- neurons demonstrate hyperpalmitoylation of GluN2B as well as Fyn kinase, which regulates surface retention of GluN2B. Thus, PPT1 plays a critical role in postsynapse maturation by facilitating the GluN2 subunit switch and proteostasis of palmitoylated proteins.
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis regulates fear to unpredictable threat signals
Authors: Goode Travis D , Ressler Reed L , Acca Gillian M , Miles Olivia W , Maren Stephen
Published: April 2019

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been implicated in conditioned fear and anxiety, but the specific factors that engage the BNST in defensive behaviors are unclear. Here we examined whether the BNST mediates freezing to conditioned stimuli (CSs) that poorly predict the onset of aversive unconditioned stimuli (USs) in rats. Reversible inactivation of the BNST selectively reduced freezing to CSs that poorly signaled US onset (e.g., a backward CS that followed the US), but did not eliminate freezing to forward CSs even when they predicted USs of variable intensity. Additionally, backward (but not forward) CSs selectively increased Fos in the ventral BNST and in BNST-projecting neurons in the infralimbic region of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but not in the hippocampus or amygdala. These data reveal that BNST circuits regulate fear to unpredictable threats, which may be critical to the etiology and expression of anxiety.
The Most Cited Mesh Terms and Authors who Published Papers in Pubmed Central on the Topic of Medicine and Health Using Bibliometric Analyses
Authors: Chien Tsair-Wei , Wu Hing-Man , Wang Hsien-Yi , Chou Willy
Published: April 2019

Aims: We visualized the current state of research on publication outputs and citations in the field of medicine and health to uncover topic burst and citations among medical subject headings (MeSH) clusters.

Study Design: A bibliometric analysis.

Place and duration of Study: Using Pubmed indexed articles to inspect the characteristics of topics on medicine and health since 1969.

Methodology: Selecting 156 abstracts, author names, countries, and MeSH terms on January 10, 2019, from Pubmed Central (PMC) based on the terms of medicine and health in the title since 1969, we applied the x-index and impact factor to evaluate author individual research achievements and compute MeSH bibliometric performances. The bootstrapping method was used to estimate the median and its 95% confidence intervals and make differences in metrics among MeSH clusters. The dominant nations were selected using the x-index to display on a dashboard. We programmed Microsoft Excel VBA routines to extract data. Google Maps and Pajek software were used for displaying graphical representations.

Results: We found that (1)the dominant countries/areas are the Unlited States, Taiwan, and Australia; (2) the author Grajales, Francisco Jose 3rd form Canada has the most cited metrics such as author IF=39.46 and x-index=6.28; (3)the MeSH terms of organization & administration, standards, and prevention & control gain the top three degree centralities among MeSH clusters; (4) No any differences in metrics were found among MeSH clusters; (5) the article(PMID= 24518354) with three MeSH term of delivery of health care, social media, and software and published in 2014 was cited most at least 62 times.

Conclusion: Social network analysis provides wide and deep insight into the relationships among MeSH terms. The MeSH weighted scheme and x-index were recommended to academics for computing MeSH citations in the future.
Malaria in Pregnancy in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Onochie E. J. , Egwunyenga A. O.
Published: April 2019

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria in pregnant women in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria during the period of March to August, 2014. A total of two hundred and seven pregnant women were examined, 60% were infected with malaria parasite. With respect to age, pregnant women within the age of 18-25 years had the higher prevalence rate of 67.8%. Prevalence rate of 63.5% were observed within pregnant women in their first trimester. Pregnant women who are farmers tend to have the highest prevalence rate of 71.4% while those who lived in rural areas showed prevalence rate of 69.1%. Primigravidae showed the higher prevalence rate of 68.9%. Of the two locations sampled Abraka had the highest overall prevalence in terms of malaria infection with 64% while Eku showed a prevalence rate of 56%. Based on the findings, there is clear evidence of high level of malaria in pregnant women in the study area, hence the need to reduce the morbidity of malaria in pregnancy in Delta State. Efforts should be made to scale-up intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) for malaria with Sulfadoxine Pyrimethamine (SP), and ensure increased access to IPTp with SP in all areas in Delta State. Free bed nets should also be provided to pregnant women on their first antenatal visit.
An Insight about the Referral System in Health Care Network: Flaws with Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Bilal M. , Umar A. , Raza S. M.
Published: April 2019

Healthcare network is composed of primary, secondary and tertiary care centers. Purpose of each unit in this sophisticated zone is to allow steady and smooth delivery of healthcare to optimum level without wasting essential resources or time. If, primary care centers are not able to fulfill the needs of any health issues then, patients are referred to more advanced setup where their health issues can be timely addressed in a proficient way. Referral system forms an important component of healthcare network and it should be formulated in such a way that it can bring fruitful results with the proper use of time, energy, man force as well as technical resources without compromising patient’s health. In this paper, we discussed the core of healthcare network in the city, working with primary as well as referral health care centers, flaws affecting the referral system and recommendations to improve them.
Estimation of Serum Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Alveolar Bone Height in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kamble Avadhut , Motwani Mukta , Shah Naman
Published: April 2019

Aim: Numerous studies have been previously carried out to find out any correlation between lipid profile and periodontitis but existence of an association does not establish whether periodontitis causes an elevation in serum lipid level or elevation in serum lipid profile predispose to periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to find any significant correlation between HDL, LDL, VLDL and cholesterol with periodontitis.

Material and Methods: 100 patients with chronic periodontitis (group I) and 50 healthy patients (group II) were selected. The levels of serum lipid, including HDL, LDL, VLDL, and TOTAL CHOLESTEROL along with fasting blood glucose were assessed. The relationship between severity of periodontitis based on clinical and radiographic finding with serum lipid correlated. Results: There was no significant difference found between mean values of total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL among study and control group. Only HDL showed a highly significant difference (p< 0.00) between healthy and patient with chronic periodontitis.

Conclusion: Estimation of serum lipid profile, especially HDL levels in subjects with periodontitis can be considered as a screening method for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis to avoid further progression of cardiovascular changes in early age of the life.
Effect of Land Configuration and Crop Residue – Mulch on Millet Performance in Minna, Savanna of Nigeria
Authors: Eze P. C. , Odofin A. J. , Attahiru A. , Onyekwere I. N. , Lawal B. A.
Published: April 2019

A 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted in cropping season at the old Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Technology, Minna, to determine the effect of land configuration and crop residue – mulch on the growth and yield of millet in Minna, Southern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria. It was a randomized complete block design with two types of land configuration (ridge and flat surface) and three mulch application rates (0, 10 and 15 t/ha), replicated three times. Composite soil samples were collected from the experimental site at 0 – 15 and 15 – 30 cm depths prior to the commencement of this study, for the determination of initial soil physicochemical properties. Crop growth parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant and leaf area index at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after planting. Yield indices determined were panicle length and stover yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance, while means separation was done using Duncan’s multiple range test. Findings in this study showed that planting on ridge resulted in taller (P ≤ 0.05) millet plants and a higher number of leaves per plant, a higher number of tillers per plant and higher leaf area index than planting on the flat. Plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of tillers per plant, leaf area index, panicle length and stover yield increased with increasing mulch application rates.
Pore Morphology Tailoring in Polymer‐Derived Ceramics Generated through Photopolymerization‐Assisted Solidification Templating
Authors: Mikl Gregor , Obmann Richard , Schörpf Sebastian , Liska Robert , Konegger Thomas
Published: April 2019

A new processing approach combining solidification templating of initially liquid preceramic polymers with a low‐temperature, photoinduced cross‐linking step based on a thiol‐ene click reaction was recently introduced, allowing for the generation of porous polysilazane‐derived ceramics with directionally aligned pore channels. In this work, the focus is set on investigating the roles of the type of structure‐directing solvent, the addition of nucleating agents, and the initial precursor content on the resulting porosity, pore morphology, and properties of ceramics generated through this technique. The variation of the structure‐directing solvent facilitates the generation of various pore channel morphologies, ranging from dendritic to lamellar and columnar structures. The generated materials are evaluated with regard to gas permeability and compressive strength. Depending on the processing parameters, porosity between 40% and 78% is achieved, with median pore opening sizes ranging from 7 to 70 μm. Consequently, a large range of gas permeability (3 · 10−13 m2 to 1 · 10−10 m2) and compressive strength values (0.7 to 51 MPa) are observed. The results show that photopolymerization‐assisted solidification templating of preceramic polymers is indeed a robust technique for a wide parameter range, allowing for the generation of well‐tailored pore structures for various prospective fields of application.
Optimized Bioactive Glass: the Quest for the Bony Graft
Authors: Granel Henri , Bossard Cédric , Nucke Lisa , Wauquier Fabien , Rochefort Gael Y. , Guicheux Jérôme , Jallot Edouard , Lao Jonathan , Wittrant Yohann
Published: April 2019

Technological advances have provided surgeons with a wide range of biomaterials. Yet improvements are still to be made, especially for large bone defect treatment. Biomaterial scaffolds represent a promising alternative to autologous bone grafts but in spite of the numerous studies carried out on this subject, no biomaterial scaffold is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glass (BAG) presents many qualifying characteristics but they are brittle and their combination with a plastic polymer appears essential to overcome this drawback. Recent advances have allowed the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid scaffolds combining the osteogenic properties of BAG and the plastic characteristics of polymers. Such biomaterials can now be obtained at room temperature allowing organic doping of the glass/polymer network for a homogeneous delivery of the doping agent. Despite these new avenues, further studies are required to highlight the biological properties of these materials and particularly their behavior once implanted in vivo. This review focuses on BAG with a particular interest in their combination with polymers to form organic–inorganic hybrids for the design of innovative graft strategies.
Highly Selective Current‐Induced Accumulation of Trace Ions at Micro‐/NanoPorous Interfaces
Authors: Bondarenko Mykola P. , Bruening Merlin L. , Yaroshchuk Andriy
Published: April 2019

During application of electrical current through composite micro‐/nanoporous membranes, trace‐ion accumulation in the microporous layer should vary greatly with the ion diffusion coefficient to allow selective accumulation of specific ions. This study examines the theoretical enrichment factors in the microporous region as a function of current density and trace‐ion diffusion coefficient. Trace‐ion accumulation relies on charged nanopores that exclude coions, which gives rise to depletion of the dominant salt and high local electric fields in the region next to the nanopores. Trace ions accumulate in this region because convection carries them toward the nanoporous interface, whereas electromigration in the opposite direction is strongest next to the interface. With monovalent coions having 2% difference in diffusion coefficients, calculated accumulation selectivity factors reach >1.2. Such selectivities may prove useful in separating very similar species such as isotopes or equally charged peptides.
Stimulation and Repair of Peripheral Nerves Using Bioadhesive Graft‐Antenna
Authors: Sliow Ashour , Ma Zhi , Gargiulo Gaetano , Mahns David , Mawad Damia , Breen Paul , Stoodley Marcus , Houang Jessica , Kuchel Rhiannon , Tettamanzi Giuseppe C. , Tilley Richard D. , Frost Samuel J. , Morley John , Longo Leonardo , Lauto Antonio
Published: April 2019

An original wireless stimulator for peripheral nerves based on a metal loop (diameter ≈1 mm) that is powered by a transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) and does not require circuitry components is reported. The loop can be integrated in a chitosan scaffold that functions as a graft when applied onto transected nerves (graft‐antenna). The graft‐antenna is bonded to rat sciatic nerves by a laser without sutures; it does not migrate after implantation and is able to trigger steady compound muscle action potentials for 12 weeks (CMAP ≈1.3 mV). Eight weeks postoperatively, axon regeneration is facilitated in transected nerves that are repaired with the graft‐antenna and stimulated by the TMS for 1 h per week. The graft‐antenna is an innovative and minimally‐invasive device that functions concurrently as a wireless stimulator and adhesive scaffold for nerve repair.
A Genomic, Evolutionary, and Mechanistic Study of MCR‐5 Action Suggests Functional Unification across the MCR Family of Colistin Resistance
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zong Zhiyong , Lei Sheng , Srinivas Swaminath , Sun Jian , Feng Yu , Huang Man , Feng Youjun
Published: April 2019

A growing number of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) proteins is threatening the renewed interest of colistin as a “last‐resort” defense against carbapenem‐resistant pathogens. Here, the comparative genomics of a large plasmid harboring mcr‐5 from Aeromonas hydrophila and the structural/functional perspectives of MCR‐5 action are reported. Whole genome sequencing has identified the loss of certain parts of the Tn3‐type transposon typically associated with mcr‐5, providing a clue toward its mobilization. Phylogeny of MCR‐5 suggests that it is distinct from the MCR‐1/2 sub‐lineage, but might share a common ancestor of MCR‐3/4. Domain‐swapping analysis of MCR‐5 elucidates that its two structural motifs (transmembrane domain and catalytic domain) are incompatible with its counterparts in MCR‐1/2. Like the rest of the MCR family, MCR‐5 exhibits a series of conservative features, including zinc‐dependent active sites, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding cavity, and the mechanism of enzymatic action. In vitro and in vivo evidence that MCR‐5 catalyzes the addition of phosphoethanolamine to the suggestive 4′‐phosphate of lipid A moieties is integrated, and results in the consequent polymyxin resistance. In addition, MCR‐5 alleviates the colistin‐induced formation of reactive oxygen species in E. coli. Taken together, the finding suggests that a growing body of MCR family resistance enzymes are functionally unified.
Magnetic Field–Suppressed Lithium Dendrite Growth for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shen Kang , Wang Zeng , Bi Xuanxuan , Ying Yao , Zhang Duo , Jin Chengbin , Hou Guangya , Cao Huazhen , Wu Liankui , Zheng Guoqu , Tang Yiping , Tao Xinyong , Lu Jun
Published: April 2019

Lithium metal is the most attractive anode material due to its extremely high specific capacity, minimum potential, and low density. However, uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrite results in severe safety and cycling stability concerns, which hinders the application in next generation secondary batteries. In this paper, a new and facile method imposing a magnetic field to lithium metal anodes is proposed. That is, the lithium ions suffering Lorentz force due to the electromagnetic fields are put into spiral motion causing magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect. This MHD effect can effectively promote mass transfer and uniform distribution of lithium ions to suppress the dendrite growth as well as obtain uniform and compact lithium deposition. The results show that the lithium metal electrodes within the magnetic field exhibit excellent cycling and rate performance in a symmetrical battery. Additionally, full batteries using limited lithium metal as anodes and commercial LiFePO4 as cathodes show improved performance within the magnetic field. In summary, a new and facile strategy of suppressing lithium dendrites using the MHD effect by imposing a magnetic field is proposed, which may be generalized to other advanced alkali metal batteries.
Enhancing Program Quality in a National Sample of After‐school Settings: The Role of Youth–Staff Interactions and Staff/Organizational Functioning
Authors: Kuperminc Gabriel P. , Seitz Scot , Joseph Hannah , Khatib Nadim , Wilson Christyl , Collins Krista , Guessous Omar
Published: April 2019

Using multilevel data from the national evaluation of Boys and Girls Clubs of America (BGCA), this study examined associations among programmatic structures, workplace and workforce characteristics, and relational practices of program staff as they relate to young people's ratings of their experience attending local clubs. The sample included 57,710 members and 5,231 staff members at 740 BGCA sites throughout the United States. Staff relational practices—including establishing caring relationships, setting high expectations, positive behavior management, encouraging youth input and agency, and cultural sensitivity—explained associations between staffing and organizational functioning and youths’ perceptions of the quality of their clubs. Findings suggest a central role of staff relational practices in establishing conditions that youth experience positively, and that staffing and organizational processes, including community engagement and teamwork and efficiency can be viewed as foundations for establishing a culture of positive adult‐youth interaction, which in turn can contribute to the promotion of positive youth development. Further, identification with the experiences of youth had a direct association with youths’ perceptions of club quality. These results underscore the importance of staff workforce development initiatives as key to improving youth experiences in after‐school programs.
Schwann cell transcript biomarkers for hereditary neuropathy skin biopsies
Authors: Svaren John , Moran John J. , Wu Xingyao , Zuccarino Riccardo , Bacon Chelsea , Bai Yunhong , Ramesh Raghu , Gutmann Laurie , Anderson Daniel M. , Pavelec Derek , Shy Michael E.
Published: April 2019

Objective

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is most commonly caused by duplication of a chromosomal segment surrounding Peripheral Myelin Protein 22, or PMP22 gene, which is classified as CMT1A. Several candidate therapies reduce Pmp22 mRNA levels in CMT1A rodent models, but development of biomarkers for clinical trials in CMT1A is a challenge given its slow progression and difficulty in obtaining nerve samples. Quantitative PCR measurements of PMP22 mRNA in dermal nerves were performed using skin biopsies in human clinical trials for CMT1A, but this approach did not show increased PMP22 mRNA in CMT1A patients compared to controls. One complicating factor is the variable amounts of Schwann cells (SCs) in skin. The objective of the study was to develop a novel method for precise evaluation of PMP22 levels in skin biopsies that can discriminate CMT1A patients from controls.

Methods

We have developed methods to normalize PMP22 transcript levels to SC‐specific genes that are not altered by CMT1A status. Several CMT1A‐associated genes were assembled into a custom Nanostring panel to enable precise transcript measurements that can be normalized to variable SC content.

Results

The digital expression data from Nanostring analysis showed reproducible elevation of PMP22 levels in CMT1A versus control skin biopsies, particularly after normalization to SC‐specific genes.

Interpretation

This platform should be useful in clinical trials for CMT1A as a biomarker of target engagement that can be used to optimize dosing, and the same normalization framework is applicable to other types of CMT. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:887–898.
Host–Guest Hydrogen Bonding Varies the Charge‐State Behavior of Magnetic Sponges
Authors: Zhang Jun , Kosaka Wataru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: April 2019

The electron‐donor(D) and ‐acceptor(A)‐assembled D2A‐layer framework [{Ru2(m‐FPhCO2)4}2TCNQ(OMe)2]⋅nDCE (1‐nDCE; m‐FPhCO2−=m‐fluorobenzoate; TCNQ(OMe)2=2,5‐dimethoxyl‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane; DCE=1,2‐dichloroethane) undergoes drastic charge‐ordered state variations via three distinct states that are a two‐electron‐transferred state (2e‐I), a charge‐disproportionated state (1.5e‐I), and a one‐electron‐transferred state (1e‐I), depending on the degree of solvation by nDCE. The pristine form 1‐4DCE has a paramagnetic 2e‐I state, which eventually produces the solvent‐free form 1 in 1.5e‐I via an intermediate state 1‐nDCE (n≤1) in 1e‐I. Resolvation of 1 stabilizes 1‐DCE, allowing it to switch between 1.5e‐I and 1e‐I, and to become ferrimagnetic with a Tc of 30 K (1.5e‐I) and 88 K (1e‐I). The stabilization of the 1e‐I state of 1‐DCE is due to the presence of host–guest hydrogen bonding that enables to suppress the electron‐donation ability of D even in an identical framework with 1.
Solar‐Driven Water–Gas Shift Reaction over CuOx/Al2O3 with 1.1 % of Light‐to‐Energy Storage
Authors: Zhao Likuan , Qi Yuhang , Song Lizhu , Ning Shangbo , Ouyang Shuxin , Xu Hua , Ye Jinhua
Published: April 2019

Hydrogen production from coal gasification provides a cleaning approach to convert coal resource into chemical energy, but the key procedures of coal gasification and thermal catalytic water–gas shift (WGS) reaction in this energy technology still suffer from high energy cost. We herein propose adopting a solar–driven WGS process instead of traditional thermal catalysis, with the aim of greatly decreasing the energy consumption. Under light irradiation, the CuOx/Al2O3 delivers excellent catalytic activity (122 μmol gcat−1 s−1 of H2 evolution and >95 % of CO conversion) which is even more efficient than noble‐metal‐based catalysts (Au/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3). Importantly, this solar‐driven WGS process costs no electric/thermal power but attains 1.1 % of light‐to‐energy storage. The attractive performance of the solar‐driven WGS reaction over CuOx/Al2O3 can be attributed to the combined photothermocatalysis and photocatalysis.
Sequential C−H Borylation and N‐Demethylation of 1,1′‐Biphenylamines: Alternative Route to Polycyclic BN‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Zhang Jianbo , Jung Hoimin , Kim Dongwook , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok
Published: April 2019

Described herein is an unprecedented access to BN‐polyaromatic compounds from 1,1′‐biphenylamines by sequential borane‐mediated C(sp2)−H borylation and intramolecular N‐demethylation. The conveniently in situ generated Piers’ borane from a borinic acid reacts with a series of N,N‐dimethyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐2‐amines in the presence of PhSiH3 to afford six‐membered amine‐borane adducts bearing a C(sp2)−B bond at the C2′‐position. These species undergo an intramolecular N‐demethylation with a B(C6F5)3 catalyst to provide BN‐isosteres of polyaromatics. According to computational studies, a stepwise ionic pathway is suggested. Photophysical characters of the resultant BN‐heteroarenes shown them to be distinctive from those of all‐carbon analogues.
Palladium nanoparticles‐decorated triethanolammonium chloride ionic liquid‐modified TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2/IL‐Pd): A highly active and recoverable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Kamangar Sheida Ahany , Mohammadi Pourya , Hemmati Saba
Published: April 2019

In this work, an easily obtained procedure was successfully implemented to prepare novel palladium nanoparticles decorated on triethanolammonium chloride ionic liquid‐functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles [TiO2/IL‐Pd]. Different methods were carried out for characterizations of the synthesized nanocatalyst (HR‐TEM, XPS, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDX, FT‐IR and ICP). TiO2/IL‐Pd indicated good catalytic activity for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of arylboronic acid with different aryl halides in aqueous media at ambient temperature. The recycled catalyst was investigated with ICP to amount of Pd leaching after 6 times that had diminished slightly, Thus, was confirmed that the nanocatalyst has a good sustainability for C–C Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The catalyst can be conveniently separated by filtration of the reaction mixture and reused for 6 times without significant loss of its activity. It supplies an environmentally benign alternative path to the existing protocols for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Baldwin Lawrence C. , Davis Matthew C. , Hughes Alicia M. , Lupton David V.
Published: April 2019

Domestically produced biofuels may help to reduce dependence on imported oil for powering transportation and infrastructure in the future. In this report, we reacted medium‐chain and long‐chain fatty anhydrides (capric, caprylic, lauric, and palmitic) with furfuraldehyde by the Perkin condensation to produce 2‐n‐alkenylfurans. In the second step, the 2‐n‐alkenylfurans were hydrogenated to form 2‐n‐alkyltetrahydrofurans. Basic fuel property testing (melting point, density, kinematic viscosity, derived cetane number, and calorific value) of the 2‐n‐alkyltetrahydrofurans indicates they are potentially useful as fuels for diesel engines. The mixture composed of 2‐octyl‐ and 2‐decyltetrahydrofuran had the best combination of fuel properties including a low melting point (−39 °C), high cetane number (63.1), high flash point (98.2 °C), and low viscosity (2.26 mm2 s−1, 40 °C), which compares favorably with specifications for diesel #2 and biodiesel.
Experimental assessment of the utilization of a novel interpenetrating polymer network in different processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Sharma Saruchi , Kumar Vaneet , Pathak Dinesh , Mittal Hemant , Alhassan Saeed M.
Published: April 2019

We synthesized a biodegradable, controlled release formulation via the impregnation of methyl methacrylic acid onto the natural polysaccharide, gum tragacanth, and a polyacrlyic‐based hydrogel with glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. The biodegradation behavior of the prepared interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was investigated with soil burial and composting methods, and the biodegradability stages were studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The controlled release data of the calcium nitrate was analyzed in accordance with Fick's power law, and the kinetics parameters of the release process were calculated. The values of the initial and lateral diffusion coefficients indicated a fast initial release rate of the fertilizers in comparison to the lateral release. The synthesized IPN was degraded 91.62% within 11 weeks under composting methods, whereas it degraded 78.83% under the soil burial method. The results show that the synthesized IPN was ecofriendly and could be used for the controlled release of agrochemicals. The impact of the degraded IPN on the fertility of the soil was also studied. We concluded from the results obtained that the biodegraded IPN did not have any adverse effects on the soil fertility. Hence, this biodegradable IPN could be of great significance from a green revolution point of view. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47739.
Amphibian conservation in Scotland: A review of threats and opportunities
Authors: Downie J. Roger , Larcombe Victoria , Stead James
Published: April 2019

The distributions and conservation status of the six native amphibian species in Scotland are reviewed. Issues of under‐recording and false recording are noted, and steps to remedy these problems are described.

Threats to amphibians in Scotland include diseases (a minor impact so far), road deaths, habitat loss, and climate change (to which populations may be resilient). Exploitation, competition, and pollution do not appear to be significant threats to amphibians in Scotland.

Legal protection is currently strongest for the great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and natterjack toads (Epidalea calamita), but the natterjack toads have only a small localized Scottish population. The ponds at Gartcosh hold the largest great crested newt population in Scotland. Translocation to a specially created reserve appears to have been successful but a new road across the site is an additional hazard, for which monitoring is in progress.

Amphibian habitat enhancement in Scotland includes pond‐creation programmes, which have successfully increased the diversity of plants and invertebrates as well as amphibians. The value of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) for amphibians and other wildlife is reviewed. The Eurasian beaver reintroduction programme may benefit amphibians in the longer term, but research is currently lacking. Road tunnels combined with fences are a vital mitigation for road‐traffic impacts on amphibians and have been monitored at one Scottish site. Amphibian ladders in road drains are another potentially helpful mitigation.

The amphibians of Scotland need more long‐term monitoring. A national strategy is imminent and should stimulate the required research and action.
The Superficial Face Dissection as an Example for Integrating Clinical Approaches, Authentic Learning, and Changing Perspectives in Anatomy Dissection
Authors: Cotofana Sebastian , Lachman Nirusha
Published: April 2019

Hands‐on dissection‐based learning of anatomy offers an unique and valued experience for medical students. Too often however, the inexperienced student's focus is to avoid damage to unfamiliar structures instead of understanding spatial relationships between structures. This results in unfortunate surrender of a critical learning experience. Additionally, approaches to dissection and anatomic exposure share little alignment to clinical approaches, making it less powerful in clinical applicability. The goal of this viewpoint commentary is based on the experience of the two authors and aims to demonstrate opportunity to introduce clinical approaches for dissection while incorporating relevant anatomical concepts in medical school curriculum that aligns with authentic healthcare practice. Using the dissections of the superficial face as a relevant and current topic of clinical interest, we point out that applying the currently performed dissection approach (medial‐to‐lateral) falls short of providing sufficient knowledge and understanding of the layered arrangement of facial structures. The lateral‐to‐medial approach, as performed in surgical face lifting procedures would offer a better understanding of the layers of the face and especially the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) accounting for the difficulties of facial dissections on embalmed cadavers. This commentary could offer a potential change in paradigm for students and course facilitators for how to maximize the knowledge transfer during facial dissections. It potentially opens a door to rethink dissection‐based learning of anatomy toward techniques and approaches that are aligned to surgical access pathways and thus considered more clinically relevant.
A comparison of contrast transthoracic echocardiography and contrast transcranial Doppler in cryptogenic stroke patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Luyun , Hu Wangwang , Ni Xianda , Zhang Zengrui , Feng Xiaowen , Fan Zijian , Chen Cuiping , Qiu Fengzhen , Shao Bei
Published: April 2019

Objective

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to cryptogenic stroke (CS) caused by the patent foramen ovale (PFO). This study aims to compare contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) and contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) to determine whether cTTE is more suitable and reliable than cTCD for clinical use.

Methods

From March 2017 to May 2018, patients who suffered from migraines, stroke, hypomnesis, or asymptomatic stroke found casually were included in our study. Patients with CS were semirandomly divided into two groups (cTTE and cTCD) according to the date of the outpatient visit. Patients with either of the examination above found positive were selected to finish transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Results

In our study, the sensitivities of group cTTE positive (group cTTE+) and group cTCD positive (group cTCD+) did not have any statistical difference (89% vs. 80%, p = 0.236). Focusing on group cTCD+, we discovered that the semiquantitative shunt grading was not correlated with whether a PFO was present or not (p = 0.194). However, once the PFO has been diagnosed, the shunt grading was shown to be related to the width of the gaps (p = 0.032, pdeviation = 0.03).

Conclusion

Both cTTE and the cTCD can be used for preliminary PFO findings. The semiquantitative shunt grading of cTCD and cTTE can suggest the size of the PFO and the next course of treatment. The cTTE may be more significant to a safe PFO (a PFO does not have right‐to‐left shunts, RLSs). Combining cTTE and TEE could help diagnose PFO and assess CS risk.
Resensitization of cisplatin resistance ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through pretreatment with low‐dose fraction radiation
Authors: Zhao Lili , Liu Shihai , Liang Donghai , Jiang Tao , Yan Xiaoyan , Zhao Shengnan , Liu Yuanwei , Zhao Wei , Yu Hongsheng
Published: April 2019

Objective

Cisplatin is the first‐line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. However, cisplatin resistance is severely affecting the treatment efficacy. FOXO3a has been reported to be involved in reversing chemotherapy resistance. However, whether low‐dose fraction radiation therapy (LDFRT) can reverse cisplatin resistance remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of LDFRT on cisplatin resistance and its relation with FOXO3a expression in vitro.

Methods

The toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells was evaluated by CCK8 assay and cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V‐FITC staining as well as Hoechst33342 staining. The expression of FOXO3a and other relative proteins was measured by western blot.

Results

Our study found that LDFRT enhanced cisplatin‐induced apoptosis of SKOV3/DDP cells and promoted the expression of FOXO3a and pro‐apoptotic protein PUMA. In addition, overexpression of FOXO3a promoted PUMA activity and toxicity of cisplatin on SKOV3/DDP cells.

Conclusion

LDFRT reverses cisplatin resistance of SKOV3/DDP cells possibly by upregulating the expression of FOXO3a and its downstream target PUMA, suggesting that LDFRT might be a potent chemosensitizer for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Delineating the pattern of treatment for elderly locally advanced NSCLC and predicting outcomes by a validated model: A SEER based analysis
Authors: Guo Meiying , Li Butuo , Yu Yishan , Wang Shijiang , Xu Yiyue , Sun Xindong , Wang Linlin , Yu Jinming
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Locally advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC) represented a highly heterogeneous group, with more than half of the patients aged ≥65 years at the time of diagnosis. However, the optimal treatment for elderly LA‐NSCLC patients was still not defined.

Methods

A total of 33530 elderly patients (≥65 years) diagnosed with LA‐NSCLC from 2004 to 2014 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Results

Locally advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer patients aged 65‐74 years were more frequently treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (40%), while patients aged ≥75 years received more best supportive care (BSC) (36%). For age group of 65‐74 years, patients who had surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant therapy had a median survival of 28 months, CRT 15 months, radiotherapy (RT) alone 6 months, chemotherapy alone 11 months, and BSC 3 months; while for patients aged ≥ 75 years, the median OS was 20, 13, 7, 9, and 2, respectively. Besides, independent clinicopathological factors were integrated into nomograms for OS and CSS prediction, C‐indexes achieved 0.692 and 0.698, respectively. Importantly, the discrimination of nomogram was superior to that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification (0.742 vs 0.572 for training set and 0.731 vs 0.565 for validation set).

Conclusion

For elderly patients with LA‐NSCLC, the curative‐intent treatment (surgery or CRT) conferred better survival compared to chemotherapy alone, RT alone and BSC. The proposed nomograms based on independent clinicopathological variables may be practical and helpful for precise evaluation of patient prognosis, and guiding the individualized treatment for elderly LA‐NSCLC.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Chiral 2‐Amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Rossetti Arianna , Bono Nina , Candiani Gabriele , Meneghetti Fiorella , Roda Gabriella , Sacchetti Alessandro
Published: April 2019

New N‐substituted‐2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[2,3‐c]pyridine derivatives were synthesized employing a convenient one‐pot three‐component method and their structures were characterized by 1H‐NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the synthesized compounds were in vitro screened for antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive (Sarcina lutea) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). In this work, we introduced a chiral residue on the tetrahydropyridine nitrogen, the hitherto the less investigated position on this pharmacophore in order to explore the effect. The antibacterial results showed that the synthesized compounds were active only against Gram‐positive bacteria and the (R)‐enantiomers displayed a greater antimicrobial potency than their (S)‐counterparts. The structure–activity relationship here investigated may provide some interesting clues for future development of tetrahydrothienopyridine derivatives with higher antimicrobial activity.
Pitfalls in Heterogeneous Thermal, Electro‐ and Photocatalysis
Authors: Kramm Ulrike I. , Marschall Roland , Rose Marcus
Published: April 2019

Catalysis is the key technology of our well‐established chemical industry. Also, it is considered one of the most interdisciplinary and fundamental sciences with enormous potential for future research and development. Hence, a high number of manuscripts dealing with all different aspects of catalysis topics are published each day. Unfortunately, certain pitfalls that became quite common by now are found in submitted manuscripts and sometimes (and too often) even pass the peer reviewing process. This is especially a problem at the forefront of catalysis research at which novel catalysts are developed and novel reaction systems are described from scratch. Hence, in this concept paper common pitfalls in carrying out and reporting catalytic experiments ranging from heterogeneous thermal catalysis to photo‐ and electrocatalysis are briefly summarized and solutions how to avoid these issues are presented.