bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Community Pharmacists on Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mudenda Steward , Hankombo Mutinta , Saleem Zikria , Sadiq Mohammad Jaffar , Banda Michelo , Munkombwe Derick , Mwila Chiluba , Kasanga Maisa , Zulu Annie Chibwe , Hangoma Jimmy Mapenzi , Mufwambi Webrod , Muungo Lungwani Tyson , Kampamba Ronald Mutati , Bambala Andrew Munkuli , Abdulrahman Noor Mohammed , Akram Muhammad , Hikaambo Christabel Nang’andu , Muma John Bwalya
Published: November 2021

Background: Antimicrobial/Antibiotic Resistance (AMR) is among the major threats to global health. Due to limited information on the subject matter in Zambia, we assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of community pharmacists on AMR and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS). Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among 144 randomly selected community pharmacists through a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 at a 95% confidence level. The Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors of community pharmacists and their knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship. Results: A response rate of 91% (n = 144) was achieved. Interestingly, 93.8% had good knowledge while 67% had positive attitudes regarding AMR and AMS. Conversely, 75% of the community pharmacists demonstrated poor practices towards AMR and AMS. The majority of the CPs 69.4% agreed that antibiotic resistance is a public health problem. The majority of the CPs 57.6% agreed that the appropriate use of antibiotics improves patient care and outcome. Of concern, (32.6%) of CPs rarely collaborated with other healthcare workers in activities that promote infection control and AMS. Also, the majority of the CPs did not take part in antibiotic awareness campaigns nor educate the public on antibiotic use and over 80% of CPs regularly issued antibiotics without a prescription. Conclusions: Even though community pharmacists had good knowledge and positive attitudes, they demonstrated poor practices that require quick educational interventions. As most CPs issue antibiotics without a prescription, this should be highlighted as a major policy issue on AMR and should be addressed by the Government. There is a need to promote AMS sensitization programmes among community pharmacists.
Industrial Gelatin from Leather Chrome Shavings Wastes
Authors: Elsayed Nabil H , Taha Ghada M. , Mohamed Ola A.
Published: November 2021

A step towards minimizing the environmental pollution of leather tanning , leather chrome shavings wastes were treated with Li2CO3 to extract technical or industrial gelatin as an added value material. Isolation and characterization of gelatin obtained from chrome-tanned shavings were done. The alkali hydrolysis products obtained, showed good physical and chemical properties in terms of gel strength, swelling and thermal stability. The optimum hydrolysis conditions using Li2CO3 were found to be 5 hr. extraction at 80°C, swelling time of one day and pH 9.5. The yield was over one third of the original starting waste material.
Performance of Calcium Chloride and Silica Gel as Solid Desiccant Dehumidifiers for Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Nur Kamila Ramli  , Yusri Yusup  , Christabel Lam Pei Lin  , Baharin Azahari  , Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Desiccant materials are recently discovered as a viable alternative in dehumidification technology due to their naturally hygroscopic qualities and minimal energy requirement. This paper discusses the performance of four brand samples of selected desiccants used for dehumidification. In this study, dehumidification ability and indoor air quality (IAQ) tests were carried out. The dehumidification ability test was conducted in a controlled environmental chamber at a temperature of 25°C, relative humidity of 70%, and air velocity of 2 m/s for 45-minute session. Meanwhile, the IAQ test was carried out in a naturally ventilated test room, and six IAQ parameters (relative humidity, air velocity, air temperature, particulate matter (PM10), airborne bacteria and carbon dioxide (CO2) were studied. The IAQ test was performed for five different conditions: control, application of brand samples A, B, C and D in the test room. From this study, it was found, brand A (0.6823 g/kg) and brand B (0.6849 g/kg) had a relatively good dehumidification ability during the 45-minute dehumidification ability test compared to brand C (0.3108 g/kg) and brand D (0.3982 g/kg). The IAQ test revealed that brand A had the biggest variation in indoor-outdoor relative humidity of 13.12%, while brand D had the smallest difference of 11.83%. Brand B had the highest average PM10 concentration of 0.037 μg/m3. The airborne bacterial count for all conditions had no statistical significance, indicating the application of desiccants were not effective in reducing airborne bacteria. From this study, it can be concluded that calcium chloride (brand A and B) samples performed better than silica gel (brand C and D) samples in terms of dehumidification ability and IAQ profile.
Early Intervention in the Structure of Children’s Rehabilitation (on the Example of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Nefedeva Darya L. , Bodrova Rezeda A. , Ignashina Elena G. , Ziatdinov Ayrat I. , Senek Svetlana A.
Published: November 2021

The early intervention system is currently considered as an independent activity which has a clear conceptual model. The generalmechanisms of the early intervention system facilitate the child’s social adaptation and its integration into the educational environment. This creates the conditions for the child development and the formation of the child’s skills necessary in daily life situations. At the same time, it remains unclear how the routing of a child in need of rehabilitation is carried out, taking into account the need toreceive early intervention services for the target group of patients.
Aim. To determine the place of early intervention in the structure of the rehabilitation service of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Results and Discussion. The early intervention system contains functional, personality-oriented and environmental approaches,which are implemented using the domains of activity and participation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilitiesand Health. The use of this classification implies the need for joint work of the number of specialists who make up a multidisciplinaryteam, forms a unified methodology for constructing rehabilitation plans and early assistance programs, and offers a conceptual basisfor analyzing the effectiveness of their implementation. In addition, the application of the International Classification of Functioning,Disabilities and Health makes it possible to determine the role of early intervention when planning a child’s rehabilitation route. The articlepresents a model of routing a child in need of rehabilitation measures, implemented in the Republic of Tatarstan, which providesfor early identification of children with indications and their referral accordingly to these indications to early intervention, medical orsocial rehabilitation.
Conclusion. Identifying children of the target group in need of the early intervention and their timely referral to organizations that areproviders of relevant services is one of the stages in solving urgent problems of rehabilitation. Currently, the departments of early interventionsystem are opened on the basis of medical, social and educational organizations in the Republic of Tatarstan, and includedin the rehabilitation structure playing an important integrating role in the formation of interagency cooperation.
Strategi Marketing Dalam Mempertahankan Loyalitas Nasabah Pada Produk Simpanan Deposito di BMT UGT Cabang Pembantu Kraksaan
Authors: Nasrifah Maula , Aisya Kamilah Rihadatul
Published: November 2021

This study aims to describe and determine marketing strategies in maintaining customer loyalty on deposit products at BMT UGT Sidogiri Kraksaan Sub-Branch. Besides that, the aim of this study is to find out what achievements and obstacles exist in BMT UGT Kraksaan sub-branch in maintaining customer loyalty. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The results of this study are the marketing strategy used by BMT UGT Sidogiri Kraksaan sub-branch, which prioritizes employee friendliness and responsiveness, where in this study the responsive attitude shown by BMT UGT Sidogiri Kraksaan sub-branch is always accommodating complaints from customers for the good of BMT in the future.
A PROPOSED MODEL OF VALUE CO-CREATION THROUGH MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION IN DOMESTIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Permatasari Anggraeni , Dhewanto Wawan , Dellyana Dina
Published: November 2021

This study illustrates the collaborative value co-creation process that involves multi-stakeholders in developing domestic products and services design in Indonesia. Although the value co-creation process performed effectively, the new product is still experiencing obstacles in term of commercialization and sustainability. The purpose of this research is to construct a model to encourage the process of value co-creation in the commercialization phase of domestic products. The qualitative method with a single case study approach is conducted in this research. Data collected with in-depth interviews, observations and archival. The informants are representatives of stakeholders that interact and participate in the IKKON program. Data analyzed with DART model (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment and Transparency) to examine the process of value co-creation in the IKKON program. This approach constructs an analysis that involves stakeholder’s experience during the value co-creation process as a basis for innovation. The results showed with collaboration; stakeholders could learn from each other to understand the needs. The collaboration with multi-stakeholder will increase the values of the product by combining local and public needs. The finding proposed a collaborative model to optimizing domestic product in terms of commercialization. This research enlarges a practical perspective in managing value co-creation and decision making.
How Complete Are Surveys for Nearby Transiting Hot Jupiters?
Authors: Yee Samuel W. , Winn Joshua N. , Hartman Joel D.
Published: November 2021

Hot Jupiters are a rare and interesting outcome of planet formation. Although more than 500 hot Jupiters (HJs) are known, most of them were discovered by a heterogeneous collection of surveys with selection biases that are difficult to quantify. Currently, our best knowledge of HJ demographics around FGK stars comes from the sample of ≈40 objects detected by the Kepler mission, which have a well-quantified selection function. Using the Kepler results, we simulate the characteristics of the population of nearby transiting HJs. A comparison between the known sample of nearby HJs and simulated magnitude-limited samples leads to four conclusions. (1) The known sample of HJs appears to be ≈75% complete for stars brighter than Gaia G ≤ 10.5, falling to ≲50% for G ≤ 12. (2) There are probably a few undiscovered HJs with host stars brighter than G ≈ 10 located within 10° of the Galactic plane. (3) The period and radius distributions of HJs may differ for F-type hosts (which dominate the nearby sample) and G-type hosts (which dominate the Kepler sample). (4) To obtain a magnitude-limited sample of HJs that is larger than the Kepler sample by an order of magnitude, the limiting magnitude should be approximately G ≈ 12.5. This magnitude limit is within the range for which NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite can easily detect HJs, presenting the opportunity to greatly expand our knowledge of hot-Jupiter demographics.
Cosmic-Ray Transport in Simulations of Star-forming Galactic Disks
Authors: Armillotta Lucia , Ostriker Eve C. , Jiang 姜 Yan-Fei 燕飞
Published: November 2021

Cosmic-ray transport on galactic scales depends on the detailed properties of the magnetized, multiphase interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we postprocess a high-resolution TIGRESS magnetohydrodynamic simulation modeling a local galactic disk patch with a two-moment fluid algorithm for cosmic-ray transport. We consider a variety of prescriptions for the cosmic rays, from a simple, purely diffusive formalism with constant scattering coefficient, to a physically motivated model in which the scattering coefficient is set by the critical balance between streaming-driven Alfvén wave excitation and damping mediated by local gas properties. We separately focus on cosmic rays with kinetic energies of ∼1 GeV (high-energy) and ∼30 MeV (low energy), respectively important for ISM dynamics and chemistry. We find that simultaneously accounting for advection, streaming, and diffusion of cosmic rays is crucial for properly modeling their transport. Advection dominates in the high-velocity, low-density hot phase, while diffusion and streaming are more important in higher-density, cooler phases. Our physically motivated model shows that there is no single diffusivity for cosmic-ray transport: the scattering coefficient varies by four or more orders of magnitude, maximal at density n
H ∼ 0.01 cm−3. The ion-neutral damping of Alfvén waves results in strong diffusion and nearly uniform cosmic-ray pressure within most of the mass of the ISM. However, cosmic rays are trapped near the disk midplane by the higher scattering rate in the surrounding lower-density, higher-ionization gas. The transport of high-energy cosmic rays differs from that of low-energy cosmic rays, with less effective diffusion and greater energy losses for the latter.
Thermal Damping of Weak Magnetosonic Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Silsbee Kedron , Ivlev Alexei V. , Gong Munan
Published: November 2021

We present a generic mechanism for the thermal damping of compressive waves in the interstellar medium (ISM), occurring due to radiative cooling. We solve for the dispersion relation of magnetosonic waves in a two-fluid (ion-neutral) system in which density- and temperature-dependent heating and cooling mechanisms are present. We use this dispersion relation, in addition to an analytic approximation for the nonlinear turbulent cascade, to model dissipation of weak magnetosonic turbulence. We show that in some ISM conditions, the cutoff wavelength for magnetosonic turbulence becomes tens to hundreds of times larger when the thermal damping is added to the regular ion-neutral damping. We also run numerical simulations, which confirm that this effect has a dramatic impact on cascade of compressive wave modes.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Dense Circumstellar Medium: Magnetic-field Amplification and Maximum Energy
Authors: Inoue Tsuyoshi , Marcowith Alexandre , Giacinti Gwenael , Jan van Marle Allard , Nishino Shogo
Published: November 2021

Galactic cosmic rays are believed to be accelerated at supernova remnants. However, whether supernova remnants can be PeV is still very unclear. In this work we argue that PeV cosmic rays can be accelerated during the early phase of a supernova blast-wave expansion in dense red supergiant winds. We solve in spherical geometry a system combining a diffusive–convection equation that treats cosmic-ray dynamics coupled to magnetohydrodynamics to follow gas dynamics. A fast shock expanding in a dense ionized wind is able to trigger fast, non-resonant streaming instability over day timescales and energizes cosmic rays even under the effect of p–p losses. We find that such environments produce PeV blast waves, although the maximum energy depends on various parameters such as the injection rate and mass-loss rate of the winds. Multi-PeV energies can be reached if the progenitor mass-loss rates are of the order of 10−3
M
⊙ yr−1. It has been recently proposed that, prior to the explosion, hydrogen-rich massive stars can produce enhanced mass-loss rates. These enhanced rates would then favor the production of a PeV phase in early times after shock breakout.
Giant Planets, Tiny Stars: Producing Short-period Planets around White Dwarfs with the Eccentric Kozai–Lidov Mechanism
Authors: Stephan Alexander P. , Naoz Smadar , Gaudi B. Scott
Published: November 2021

The recent discoveries of WD J091405.30+191412.25 (WD J0914 hereafter), a white dwarf (WD) likely accreting material from an ice-giant planet, and WD 1856+534 b (WD 1856 b hereafter), a Jupiter-sized planet transiting a WD, are the first direct evidence of giant planets orbiting WDs. However, for both systems, the observations indicate that the planets’ current orbital distances would have put them inside the stellar envelope during the red-giant phase, implying that the planets must have migrated to their current orbits after their host stars became WDs. Furthermore, WD J0914 is a very hot WD with a short cooling time that indicates a fast migration mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the Eccentric Kozai–Lidov Mechanism, combined with stellar evolution and tidal effects, can naturally produce the observed orbital configurations, assuming that the WDs have distant stellar companions. Indeed, WD 1856 is part of a stellar triple system, being a distant companion to a stellar binary. We provide constraints for the orbital and physical characteristics for the potential stellar companion of WD J0914 and determine the initial orbital parameters of the WD 1856 system.
Diaphragmatic Function Assessed by Bed Side Ultrasonography in Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zaki Amal , El Ghawaby Helmy Hassan , Gad Mostafa Mahmoud Mohammed , Ismail Amira Mohamed , Nawar Amr Shafiq
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Sepsis and septic shock are major problems faced the healthcare systems all over the world every year. The ultrasound (US) is a simple, non-invasive, easily accessible technique, and showed great accuracy in diaphragm assessment.

AIM: We evaluated the diaphragmatic function assessed by US in patients with sepsis and septic shock and correlated these assessments with different parameters.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study carried out on 30 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) diagnosed with sepsis and/or septic shock. Both diaphragmatic excursion (DE) and thickness fraction (diaphragm thickening fraction [TDI] %) were assessed by US on admission and every 48 h along the patients’ ICU stay.

RESULTS: In the current study, there was a statistically significant reverse relationship between mortality and the different diaphragmatic function parameters (DE on admission, average DE, on admission TDI%, average TDI%). On the other hand, the DE (on admission and average) showed a statistically significant reverse relation with the need and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) while the TDI% showed a statistically significant reverse relation only with the duration of MV. Besides, there was a statistically significant direct relationship between successful weaning from MV and all the measured parameters.

CONCLUSION: We proposed that the diaphragmatic function parameters (DE on admission, average DE, on admission TDI% and average TDI%) assessed by US of septic ICU patients could be used as a predictor of the need, duration, and successful weaning from MV and also as a predictor of mortality.
Effectivity of Esomeprazole Compared with Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Pediatric with Gastritis
Authors: Kollins Fini , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Saragih Rina , Ilhamd Ilhamd
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The administration of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in pediatric patients has also increased dramatically during the last three decades. Clinical trials comparison of esomeprazole and lansoprazole for pediatric were limited. AIM: This study focused on comparing the effectivity of Esomeprazole with lansoprazole for healing gastritis symptoms in pediatric patients. METHODS: A randomized and single blind (assessors) controlled clinical trial was done at H. Adam Malik hospital at Medan. Patients that complied with study’s criteria and signed informed consent were collected information about the symptoms. Confirmation diagnosis of g astritis by gastroscopy, then randomized into lansoprazole treatment group (15 mg if < 30 kg and 30 mg if > 30 kg) or esomeprazole treatment group (0,4–0,8 mg per Kg body weight). Medication for both groups will be given orally for 14 day s, then evaluated for the initial symptoms. p -value of this study was calculated with the χ2 test. RESULTS: Fifty two patients confirmed gastritis were enrolled in this study; 27 patients received lansoprazole and 25 patients received esomeprazole. There was no difference of effectivity between the two groups for vomiting, hematemesis, and nausea. Lansoprazole treatment for 14 days has a significant difference for abdominal pain recovery from esomeprazole treatment. The lansoprazole groups have 92% free of abdominal pain compared to the esomeprazole group for only 66% free of abdominal pain. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between lansoprazole and esomeprazole therapy.
The Effectiveness of Lumbricus rubellus Extract Toward Interleukin-10 and Immunoglobulin E and Atopic Dermatitis Scoring Index (SCORAD)
Authors: Tabri Farida , Bayasari Pipim Septiana , Nurdin Rosani Sri Camelia , Anwar Anis Irawan , Adriani Anni , Ilyas Farida
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by severe pruritic symptoms and chronic AD related to clinical features in form of lichenification associated with a history of atopic disease both for himself and family.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) to increase interleukin (IL)-10 and decrease immunoglobulin E (IgE), and to describe the AD (SCORAD) scoring index of patients with AD.

METHODS: This research used quantitative with quasi experiment method. The data were analyzed using SPSS v19 program. To determine the basic characteristics of numerical variables, the mean standard deviation is functioned if the data distribution amount is even, if it is not, it used the median. Meanwhile, to observe the relationship between L. rubellus extract and IgE, Mann-Whitney test analysis (U-Test) was used.

RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the administration of L. rubellus extract showed a changes and differences before and after being involved with the extract. IgE levels between ERL and no ERL groups had differences (p < 0.05), however on day 15 both groups did not show any differences. Meanwhile, the SCORAD index indicated that the influence of lumbricus rebellus extract has an effect on low number of AD patients.

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the administration of L. rubellus extract in patients with AD is quite effective.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Serotonin Levels in Autistic Children: Do They Differ in Obesity?
Authors: Abdelraouf Ehab R. , Rashad Hend , Kilany Ayman , Zeidan Hala M. , Elhadidy Mohamed , Hashish Adel , Nashaat Neveen Hassan , Metwally Fateheya M.
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The risk of obesity among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is high which could be related to a disorder in their metabolism. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in metabolic control, language behavior, and intellectual development. Serotonin has a role in satiety and energy expenditure.

AIM: Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the serum levels of BDNF and serotonin in obese compared to non-obese ASD children. The influence of obesity on ASD severity, intellectual, and language development was also investigated.

METHODS: The study included 60 autistic children (Group I: 30 ASD children with obesity and Group II: 30 ASD children without obesity). The serum BDNF and serotonin levels were estimated by ELISA and by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS: All participants manifested delayed language development. Almost all of them had intellectual disability. The difference between groups regarding ASD severity, language, and intellectual development was non-significant. However, BDNF level in obese group was less than that in the other group while serotonin was higher in the obese group with significant statistical difference.

CONCLUSION: The difference between the groups regarding the levels of BDNF and serotonin, which are involved in the brain development, could be related to obesity. The influence of obesity on ASD severity, intellectual, and language development of ASD children was not distinctive in the participants. The influence of such markers on ASD severity and cognitive performance needs further investigations.
The Effect of Age and Workload on Work Posture toward Musculoskeletal Disorders Complain on Loading and Unloading Workers
Authors: Russeng Syamsiar S. , Saleh Lalu Muhammad , Wahyulianti Widya Nur , Palutturi Sukri
Published: November 2021

Background: Workers in informal sector such as loading and unloading workers have a risk of experiencing health disorder of occupational disease such as musculoskeletloadingal disorders (MSDs). Such complain usually occurs on spine (back and neck) and upper limb. Most of the loading and unloading workers work using manual material handling, such as loading, unloading, pushing, pulling, throwing, moving, or rotating loads using their hands or other body parts. Such work method has musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) risk, including low back pain. There are several factors causing the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) including individual factors (age and gender), work factors (workload and work posture), and work environment factors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of age and workload with work posture as an intervening variable against musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on loading and unloading workers at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia IV (Persero) of Makassar Branch. Methods: The current research applied analytical observation with a Cross-Sectional approach involving 140 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. This research was further carried out at Pelabuhan Indonesia IV (Persero) of Makassar Branch in April-May 2021. Data obtained were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: There were 65 respondents (46.4%) who suffered from musculoskeletal disorder complaints in the high category followed by 53 respondents (37.9%) who suffered from musculoskeletal complaints in the very high category. It was also obtained that workload significantly affected the work position variable (p = 0.000 <0.05), age significantly affected the work posture variable (p = 0.000 <0.05), workload significantly affected the musculoskeletal disorders variable (p = 0.000 <0.05), and work posture significantly affected the musculoskeletal disorder variable (p = 0.000 <0.05). Conclusion: A significant indirect effect between workload and musculoskeletal disorders complaints through work posture variables. Significant indirect effect was also found between age and musculoskeletal disorder complaints through work posture. In addition, the highest category of low back pain complaints is in moderate disability.
Detection of mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) in Central Mexico
Authors: López-Romero Teresa , Ramírez-Bravo O. Eric , Camargo-Rivera E. Evangelina , Jiménez-García Daniel , Bernal-Mendoza Héctor , Marques Roberta
Published: November 2021

We describe a case of mucormycosis in a Lesser Long-nosed Bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae) caused byApophysomyces elegansin Puebla, Central Mexico. The diagnosis was supported by laboratory analysis and necropsy. We present the first report of the fungus in a wild host; therefore, we indicate that further studies are necessary to understand its infection cycle since this pathogen may indicate a risk of zoonotic, and anthropozoonotic diseases.
Long-term Risk of Heart Failure and Other Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Guoli , Yafasova Adelina , Baslund Bo , Faurschou Mikkel , Schou Morten , Shams-Eldin Abdulrahman N. , Kristensen Søren Lund , Weeke Peter E. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Fosbøl Emil L. , Køber Lars , Butt Jawad H.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine the long-term rates of heart failure (HF) and other adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) compared with the general population.

Methods

Using Danish nationwide registries, patients with newly diagnosed GPA were identified and matched 1:4 by age, sex, and comorbidities with subjects from the general population. Outcomes were compared using Cox regression. Due to violation of the proportional hazard assumption, landmark analyses for the first year and from 1 year were performed.

Results

Of the 1923 patients with GPA, 1781 patients (median age 59 yrs, 47.9% men) were matched with 7124 subjects from the general population. The median follow-up was 6.4 years. The absolute 10-year risk of HF was 6.8% (95% CI 5.5–8.2%) for patients with GPA and 5.9% (5.3–6.6%) for the general population. During the first year after diagnosis, GPA was associated with a significantly higher rate of HF (hazard ratio [HR] 3.60, 95% CI, 2.28–5.67) and other adverse outcomes, including atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR 6.50, 95% CI 4.43–9.55) and ischemic stroke (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.92–5.48), compared with the general population. After the first year, GPA was not associated with higher rates of HF or other CV outcomes compared with the general population, except atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12-1.70).

Conclusion

During the first year after diagnosis, the rates of HF and other CV outcomes were higher in patients with GPA compared with the general population. However, after the first year, the rates of HF and other CV outcomes, except atrial fibrillation/flutter, were similar to those in the general population.
L’évolution de l’agenda de privatisation des retraites : le rôle joué par les pressions budgétaires et la doctrine de la Banque mondiale
Authors: Orenstein Mitchell
Published: November 2021

De 1981 à 2004, plus de trente pays ont remplacé, entièrement ou en partie, leurs régimes publics de retraite par répartition par des systèmes fondés sur des comptes d’épargne individuels privés. Mais, en 2005, la privatisation des retraites s’est brutalement arrêtée. Après la crise de 2008, certains des pays qui avaient privatisé leurs systèmes de retraite ont rétrogradé, voire ont supprimé les comptes individuels. La privatisation des retraites est-elle morte ? Et si oui, pourquoi ? Cet article tente de déterminer si des facteurs budgétaires ou idéologiques – en particulier les débats suscités au sein de la Banque mondiale par les échecs de la privatisation des retraites – ont suspendu la privatisation des retraites au niveau mondial. Il avance que les réseaux politiques transnationaux ont fait évoluer leur doctrine en se fondant sur l’expérience et ont mis l’accent sur des pensions minimums et des mesures incitatives plutôt que sur des épargnes retraites obligatoires, afin de sauver la privatisation des retraites.
Illettrisme financier et rationalité de l’épargnant sur le marché boursier
Authors: Arrondel Luc
Published: November 2021

Cet article revient sur les différents aspects du concept de « littératie financière » : politique, théorique, méthodologique et empirique. Les débats et les enjeux sur la culture économique sont apparus au début des années 2000. La recherche académique sur la finance des ménages s’est alors emparée du sujet en s’appuyant sur l’économie psychologique. Se pose alors la question de la mesure de la littératie financière : Big Three ou autres. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous utilisons des données récentes collectées en France (l’enquête FLIP : Financial LIteracy et Patrimoine). La partie comportementale s’intéresse à l’énigme de la participation sur le marché des actions, en étudiant le lien entre littératie financière et demande d’actifs risqués. La préconisation de plus en plus forte à développer des programmes d’éducation financière afin de pallier la faiblesse de la littératie pose alors la question de leur efficacité.
The American Frontier, Masculine Nationalism and Touristic Imaginaries: Sight-Marking Literature on Daniel Boone in the Long Nineteenth-Century
Authors: Datta Nilak
Published: November 2021

Cet article examine le rôle des marqueurs hors-champs dans la création d’anticipations touristiques sur la frontière trans-Alléghénienne à travers l’étude de cas de Daniel Boone au moment où son statut culturel passe d’explorateur à héros national. Des artefacts imprimés comme la littérature « boosterist », les romans, les peintures, les biographies ont produit cette transformation et ont favorisé un sentiment de nationalisme « masculin » inscrit dans la création d’imaginaires touristiques sur la frontière trans-Alléghénienne. Cet article est une analyse des artefacts culturels qui ont fait de Daniel Boone le repère le plus reconnu de l’histoire des pionniers, et participe donc à révéler les imaginaires touristiques, enracinés dans le nationalisme « masculin », en jeu dans l’histoire de la frontière américaine.
Global well-posedness and exponential decay for 3D nonhomogeneous magneto-micropolar fluid equations with vacuum
Authors: Zhong Xin
Published: November 2021

We consider an initial boundary value problem of three-dimensional (3D) nonhomogeneous magneto-micropolar fluid equations in a bounded simply connected smooth domain with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions for the velocity and micro-rotational velocity and Navier-slip boundary condition for the magnetic field. We prove the global existence and exponential decay of strong solutions provided that some smallness condition holds true. Note that although the system degenerates near vacuum, there is no need to require compatibility conditions for the initial data via time weighted techniques.
Numerical investigations of the nonlinear smoke model using the Gudermannian neural networks
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan, Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Alnahdi Abeer S. , Jeelani Mdi Begum , Abdelkawy M. A. ,   Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan, R.O.C,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
Published: November 2021

These investigations are to find the numerical solutions of the nonlinear smoke model to exploit a stochastic framework called gudermannian neural works (GNNs) along with the optimization procedures of global/local search terminologies based genetic algorithm (GA) and interior-point algorithm (IPA), i.e., GNNs-GA-IPA. The nonlinear smoke system depends upon four groups, temporary smokers, potential smokers, permanent smokers and smokers. In order to solve the model, the design of fitness function is presented based on the differential system and the initial conditions of the nonlinear smoke system. To check the correctness of the GNNs-GA-IPA, the obtained results are compared with the Runge-Kutta method. The plots of the weight vectors, absolute error and comparison of the results are provided for each group of the nonlinear smoke model. Furthermore, statistical performances are provided using the single and multiple trial to authenticate the stability and reliability of the GNNs-GA-IPA for solving the nonlinear smoke system.
Frequency of hereditary hemochromatosis gene mutations and their effects on iron overload among beta thalassemia patients of Chennai residents
Authors: Selvaraj Bhuvana ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Dr. Ganesan's Hitech Diagnostic centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Soundararajan Sangeetha , Narayanasamy Shettu , Subramanian Ganesan , Ramanathan Senthil Kumar ,   PG and Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Pathology, Dr. Ganesan's Hitech Diagnostic centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,   Department of Molecular Biology, Dr. Ganesan's Hitech Diagnostic centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: November 2021

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism associated with HFE gene mutations, characterized by increased iron absorption and accumulation leading to multi-organ damage caused by iron overload toxicity. Beta thalassemia is caused by a mutation in the human beta globin gene. Imbalanced production of globin chain results in beta thalassemia, where the unpaired alpha chains precipitates in red cell precursors leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and reduced RBC survival. Both HH and beta thalassemia condition results in rapid accumulation of iron lead to iron overload in tissues and organs. The study aims to analyze the frequency of HFE variants among beta thalassemia cases and their effect on iron overload. The frequency of three HFE variants C282Y, H63D, S65C was analyzed by PCR RFLP method among Beta Thalassemia Trait (BTT) (n = 203), Beta Thalassemia Major (BTM) (n = 19) and age and sex-matched control samples (n = 200). The present study furnished allele frequency of H63D variant in BTT, BTM and controls 8.13, 15.8 and 6% respectively. Ten out of 33 heterozygous H63D variants exhibited iron overload with higher ferritin levels indicating HFE variant might aggravate the absorption of iron. The C282Y variant was present in heterozygous state in 1 case among beta thalassemia carriers. The C282Y variant was absent among BTM and control cases. S65C HFE variant was absent in the present study. Iron overload was completely absent in the control cases among all three HFE genotypes. Hence it is inferred from the present investigation, analysis of HFE genes and iron status will remarkably help to reason out the probable reason behind the iron status and support in proper management of beta thalassemia cases.
Ethnic Variation and Its Association With Malaria Awareness: A Cross-sectional Study in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Guntur Robertus Dole , Kingsley Jonathan , Islam Fakir M. Amirul
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study investigated associations between ethnicity and malaria awareness in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), Indonesia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted upon 1503 adults recruited by multi-stage cluster random sampling. A malaria awareness questionnaire was used to collect data, according to which participants were classified as aware or unaware of malaria. Logistic regression was applied to quantify the strength of associations of factors with malaria awareness.Results: The participation rate in this study was high (99.5%). The participants were distributed relatively evenly among the Manggarai, Atoni, and Sumba ethnicities (33.0, 32.3, and 30.2%, respectively). Malaria awareness was significantly different amongst these groups; it was most common in the Manggarai ethnicity (65.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 59.9 to 70.3) and least common in the Sumba ethnicity (35.0%; 95% CI, 27.6 to 42.4). The most prominent factor influencing the malaria awareness in the Sumba and Manggarai ethnicities was education level, whilst it was socioeconomic status (SES) in the Atoni ethnicity. The likelihood of malaria awareness was significantly higher in adults with an education level of diploma or above (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 21.4; 95% CI, 3.59 to 127.7 for Manggarai; aOR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.81 to 26.6 for Sumba). Malaria awareness was significantly more common amongst high-SES adults in the Atoni group (aOR, 24.48; 95% CI, 8.79 to 68.21).Conclusions: Low education levels and low SES were prominent contributors to lower levels of malaria awareness in rural ENTP. Interventions should focus on improving malaria awareness to these groups to support the Indonesian government’s national commitment to achieve a malaria elimination zone by 2030.
21st Century Education for Special Needs Students
Authors: Dhir Harpreet Kaur
Published: November 2021

Education is a human right—including students who have conditions requiring special education services. The purpose of this chapter is to promote inclusive education for students with learning disabilities due to diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and more. A literature review includes a discussion pertaining to the elements of appropriate teaching methods compatible with developing 21st-century competencies for general education and special education students within the same classroom setting. Relative to employing strategies of differentiation and scaffolding while increasing cognition through experience-based lessons, this chapter provides examples from the author's classroom instructional plans. The content through action (CTA) method is presented as an ideal approach conducive to integrating 21st-century competencies through experiential lessons to teach the required content to students of various abilities. The chapter ends with recommendations on creating systemic change through building a support system at an organizational level.
Human Rights in the Classroom
Authors: Grise Julia Bennett
Published: November 2021

Inclusion, including students with disabilities in the general education classroom, has become the norm in the United States due to Public Law 94-142 (P.L. 94-142). The requirements of P.L. 94-142, now the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA), are explained in this chapter. Additionally, school districts are required to provide students with disabilities assistive technologies. Twenty-first century classrooms are now using Apple's iPad on a regular basis, with all students, in place of other assistive technologies. Apple's App Store offers numerous applications that can be used by students with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of special education laws in the United States, while offering educators, parents, and specialists an overview of applications that have been developed for a variety of disabilities. Each application is categorized and briefly explained. The cost and compatibility with Apple devices is also provided.
Guiding Online Graduate Special Education Candidates Through E-Performance Assessments and edTPA
Authors: Rush Charmion , Cooper-Duffy Karena J.
Published: November 2021

As online teacher preparation programs continue to grow, guiding the process for edTPA candidates can pose varying challenges. As such, teacher preparation programs must be equipped to provide guidance to online candidates as they complete the actionable items required for edTPA. Provided from the field supervisors' perspective, this chapter outlines the current process Western Carolina University has in place to provide effective clinical and teacher candidate experiences for students in their online program. The purpose of this chapter provides guided structure for graduate special education teachers pursing initial licensure through an online masters' program. This chapter will include 1) the challenges of guiding online students through the e-portfolio process, 2) an exploration of the provided structure for the teacher candidates to fulfill the requirements of edTPA, as well as 3) recommendations for teacher preparation programs and teacher candidate readiness in the practice and application of e-performance assessments and edTPA.
Role of Immigrant Parents' Attitudes and Practices in Emergent Bilingual Students' Language Use and Translanguaging Performance
Authors: Lee Chaehyun
Published: November 2021

Given the issue of heritage language (HL) development or attrition among children of immigrants in the U.S., this study examines Korean emergent bilingual students' HL use and translanguaging practices in an HL classroom. To extend our understanding of immigrant families' vital roles in their children's establishment of bilingualism, the study further explores the role of immigrant Korean families' language practices and attitudes towards their children's bilingualism. The chapter addresses the following research question: What was the relationship between the parents' attitudes toward bilingualism and their children's language use and translanguaging performance in an HL classroom? The findings show the emergent bilingual students' classroom language use, including their translanguaging performance and the immigrant parents' views and practices towards their children's development of bilingualism. The findings indicate that there is a close relationship between parents' attitudes and practices at home and the children's language use and development both in Korean and English.
Sustaining the Sociopolitical Spirit of Bilingual Education
Authors: Maldonado Saúl I. , Machado-Casas Margarita
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the authors contribute results and recommendations from a study featuring the assessment perspectives of school and district administrators of bilingual education programs from two regional areas in the United States. They also present research literature that informs how teaching and learning environments structure membership and belonging as social desirability factors for students from diverse national and English-language backgrounds.
Practical Implementation of Integrative Bilingual Teaching/Learning at a Technical University
Authors: Krylov Eduard
Published: November 2021

The value and importance of the integrative bilingual teaching/learning foreign language and engineering is building bridges between cognition and communication, finding ways for establishing a dynamic balance between them in the mind of an engineering student. This explains the choice of study exercises and activities, related to mental operations and psychological patterns. The chapter discusses the peculiarities of solving problems, other active exercises, and gives some practical recommendations. Here also is the eternal problem of CLIL-like integrative education: How much language? How much content? Concerning language material, it is determined by some basic volume, demand driven by professional duties and interests. All the suggested ideas were tested at a Russian technical university for years. The difficulties, findings, and results of the pilot projects for bachelors and masters are discussed.
Examining Bilingual Teacher Candidates' Use of Digital Media
Authors: Alanís Iliana , Machado-Casas Margarita
Published: November 2021

Digital media has transformed how we interact with each other, how we stay connected, and how we learn about the world around us. Digital media has also changed the teacher's role from knowledge provider to facilitator. Teachers however, continue to struggle with technology and curricula integration as a vehicle for engaging young learners with academics. This chapter underscores the need to provide bilingual teacher candidates with specific instructional uses for digital media to increase their capacity with technology integration, pedagogy, and content knowledge. This chapter explores the use of digital media within an after-school technology project. This research lends additional support for teacher preparation programs to integrate the use of technology if they are to serve teachers who work with a growing culturally and linguistically diverse school-age population.