bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arctic sea ice melt leads to atmospheric new particle formation
Authors: Dall´Osto M. , Beddows D. C. S. , Tunved P. , Krejci R. , Ström J. , Hansson H.-C. , Yoon Y. J. , Park Ki-Tae , Becagli S. , Udisti R. , Onasch T. , O´Dowd C. D. , Simó R. , Harrison Roy M.
Published: June 2017

Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and growth significantly influences climate by supplying new seeds for cloud condensation and brightness. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of whether and how marine biota emissions affect aerosol-cloud-climate interactions in the Arctic. Here, the aerosol population was categorised via cluster analysis of aerosol size distributions taken at Mt Zeppelin (Svalbard) during a 11 year record. The daily temporal occurrence of NPF events likely caused by nucleation in the polar marine boundary layer was quantified annually as 18%, with a peak of 51% during summer months. Air mass trajectory analysis and atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur tracers link these frequent nucleation events to biogenic precursors released by open water and melting sea ice regions. The occurrence of such events across a full decade was anti-correlated with sea ice extent. New particles originating from open water and open pack ice increased the cloud condensation nuclei concentration background by at least ca. 20%, supporting a marine biosphere-climate link through sea ice melt and low altitude clouds that may have contributed to accelerate Arctic warming. Our results prompt a better representation of biogenic aerosol sources in Arctic climate models.
Social odours covary with bacterial community in the anal secretions of wild meerkats
Authors: Leclaire Sarah , Jacob Staffan , Greene Lydia K. , Dubay George R. , Drea Christine M.
Published: June 2017

The fermentation hypothesis for animal signalling posits that bacteria dwelling in an animal’s scent glands metabolize the glands’ primary products into odorous compounds used by the host to communicate with conspecifics. There is, however, little evidence of the predicted covariation between an animal’s olfactory cues and its glandular bacterial communities. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we first identified the volatile compounds present in ‘pure’ versus ‘mixed’ anal-gland secretions (‘paste’) of adult meerkats (Suricata suricatta) living in the wild. Low-molecular-weight chemicals that likely derive from bacterial metabolism were more prominent in mixed than pure secretions. Focusing thereafter on mixed secretions, we showed that chemical composition varied by sex and was more similar between members of the same group than between members of different groups. Subsequently, using next-generation sequencing, we identified the bacterial assemblages present in meerkat paste and documented relationships between these assemblages and the host’s sex, social status and group membership. Lastly, we found significant covariation between the volatile compounds and bacterial assemblages in meerkat paste, particularly in males. Together, these results are consistent with a role for bacteria in the production of sex- and group-specific scents, and with the evolution of mutualism between meerkats and their glandular microbiota.
Genome-wide association study of outcrossing in cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice
Authors: Guo Liang , Qiu Fulin , Gandhi Harish , Kadaru Suresh , De Asis Erik Jon , Zhuang Jieyun , Xie Fangming
Published: June 2017

Stigma exsertion and panicle enclosure of male sterile lines are two key determinants of outcrossing in hybrid rice seed production. Based on 43,394 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, 217 cytoplasmic male sterile lines were assigned into two subpopulations and a mixed-group where the linkage disequilibrium decay distances varied from 975 to 2,690 kb. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed for stigma exsertion rate (SE), panicle enclosure rate (PE) and seed-setting rate (SSR). A total of 154 significant association signals (P < 0.001) were identified. They were situated in 27 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including 11 for SE, 6 for PE, and 10 for SSR. It was shown that six of the ten QTLs for SSR were tightly linked to QTLs for SE or/and PE with the expected allelic direction. These QTL clusters could be targeted to improve the outcrossing of female parents in hybrid rice breeding. Our study also indicates that GWAS-base QTL mapping can complement and enhance previous QTL information for understanding the genetic relationship between outcrossing and its related traits.
Conductive Cellulose Composites with Low Percolation Threshold for 3D Printed Electronics
Authors: Park Jae Sung , Kim Taeil , Kim Woo Soo
Published: June 2017

We are reporting a 3D printable composite paste having strong thixotropic rheology. The composite has been designed and investigated with highly conductive silver nanowires. The optimized electrical percolation threshold from both simulation and experiment is shown from 0.7 vol. % of silver nanowires which is significantly lower than other composites using conductive nano-materials. Reliable conductivity of 1.19 × 102 S/cm has been achieved from the demonstrated 3D printable composite with 1.9 vol. % loading of silver nanowires. Utilizing the high conductivity of the printable composites, 3D printing of designed battery electrode pastes is demonstrated. Rheology study shows superior printability of the electrode pastes aided by the cellulose’s strong thixotropic rheology. The designed anode, electrolyte, and cathode pastes are sequentially printed to form a three-layered lithium battery for the demonstration of a charging profile. This study opens opportunities of 3D printable conductive materials to create printed electronics with the next generation additive manufacturing process.
Selective inhibition of small-diameter axons using infrared light
Authors: Lothet Emilie H. , Shaw Kendrick M. , Lu Hui , Zhuo Junqi , Wang Yves T. , Gu Shi , Stolz Donna B. , Jansen E. Duco , Horn Charles C. , Chiel Hillel J. , Jenkins Michael W.
Published: June 2017

Novel clinical treatments to target peripheral nerves are being developed which primarily use electrical current. Recently, infrared (IR) light was shown to inhibit peripheral nerves with high spatial and temporal specificity. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that IR can selectively and reversibly inhibit small-diameter axons at lower radiant exposures than large-diameter axons. We provide a mathematical rationale, and then demonstrate it experimentally in individual axons of identified neurons in the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, and in axons within the vagus nerve of a mammal, the musk shrew Suncus murinus. The ability to selectively, rapidly, and reversibly control small-diameter sensory fibers may have many applications, both for the analysis of physiology, and for treating diseases of the peripheral nervous system, such as chronic nausea, vomiting, pain, and hypertension. Moreover, the mathematical analysis of how IR affects the nerve could apply to other techniques for controlling peripheral nerve signaling.
Molecular Phylogenies indicate a Paleo-Tibetan Origin of Himalayan Lazy Toads (Scutiger)
Authors: Hofmann Sylvia , Stöck Matthias , Zheng Yuchi , Ficetola Francesco G. , Li Jia-Tang , Scheidt Ulrich , Schmidt Joachim
Published: June 2017

The Himalaya presents an outstanding geologically active orogen and biodiversity hotspot. However, our understanding of the historical biogeography of its fauna is far from comprehensive. Many taxa are commonly assumed to have originated from China-Indochina and dispersed westward along the Himalayan chain. Alternatively, the “Tibetan-origin hypothesis” suggests primary diversification of lineages in Paleo-Tibet, and secondary diversification along the slopes of the later uplifted Greater Himalaya. We test these hypotheses in high-mountain megophryid anurans (Scutiger). Extensive sampling from High Asia, and analyses of mitochondrial (2839 bp) and nuclear DNA (2208 bp), using Bayesian and Maximum likelihood phylogenetics, suggest that the Himalayan species form a distinct clade, possibly older than those from the eastern Himalaya-Tibet orogen. While immigration from China-Indochina cannot be excluded, our data may indicate that Himalayan Scutiger originated to the north of the Himalaya by colonization from Paleo-Tibet and then date back to the Oligocene. High intraspecific diversity of Scutiger implies limited migration across mountains and drainages along the Himalaya. While our study strengthens support for a “Tibetan-origin hypothesis”, current sampling (10/22 species; 1 revalidated﻿: S. occidentalis) remains insufficient to draw final conclusions on Scutiger but urges comparative phylogeographers to test alternative, geologically supported hypotheses for a true future understanding of Himalayan biogeography.
Amyloid β peptides overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer mimics AMD-like pathology in mice
Authors: Prasad Tuhina , Zhu Ping , Verma Amrisha , Chakrabarty Paramita , Rosario Awilda M. , Golde Todd E. , Li Qiuhong
Published: June 2017

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular deposits known as drusen. A major constituent of drusen deposits are Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. To understand the etiology of Aβ proteostasis in AMD, we delivered recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides fused to BRI2 protein by intraocular injection in C57BL/6J mice. Endogenous protease cleavage of such constructs leads to production of secreted Aβ42 and Aβ40 respectively. We demonstrate that overexpression of secreted Aβ40 or Aβ42 resulted in dramatic induction of drusen-like deposits by 2 months’ post-injection. These drusen-like deposits were immunopositive for Aβ and complement proteins but did not stain for conventional amyloid dyes, such as Thioflavin S. Both injected cohorts showed gliosis and degenerative changes, though ERG responses were minimally affected. Intriguingly, simultaneous overexpression of BRI-Aβ40 or BRI-Aβ42 together resulted in dose-dependent and cumulative changes reminiscent of AMD type pathology - drusen-like deposits, severe reduction in ERG responses, photoreceptor cell loss and gliosis. Here, we have established a physiological model of Aβ containing deposits in wild-type mice that recapitulates major retinal pathophysiological features of AMD and will be instrumental in mechanistic understanding and development of therapeutic strategies against AMD.
Growth of high-quality Bi2Sr2 CaCu2O8+δ
whiskers and electrical properties of resulting exfoliated flakes
Authors: Jindal Apoorv , Jangade Digambar A. , Kumar Nikhil , Vaidya Jaykumar , Das Ipsita , Bapat Rudheer , Parmar Jayesh , Chalke Bhagyashree A. , Thamizhavel Arumugam , Deshmukh Mandar M.
Published: June 2017

In this work, we demonstrate a simple technique to grow high-quality whiskers of Bi2 Sr2 CaCu2 O8+δ
– a high T
c
superconductor. Structural analysis shows the single-crystalline nature of the grown whiskers. To probe electrical properties, we exfoliate these whiskers into thin flakes (~50 nm thick) using the scotch-tape technique and develop a process to realize good electrical contacts. We observe a superconducting critical temperature, T
c
, of 86 K. We map the evolution of the critical current as a function of temperature. With 2-D materials emerging as an exciting platform to study low-dimensional physics, our work paves the way for future studies on two-dimensional high-T
c
superconductivity.
Vegetation changes and land surface feedbacks drive shifts in local temperatures over Central Asia
Authors: Yuan Xiuliang , Wang Wenfeng , Cui Junjie , Meng Fanhao , Kurban Alishir , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: June 2017

Vegetation changes play a vital role in modifying local temperatures although, until now, the climate feedback effects of vegetation changes are still poorly known and large uncertainties exist, especially over Central Asia. In this study, using remote sensing and re-analysis of existing data, we evaluated the impact of vegetation changes on local temperatures. Our results indicate that vegetation changes have a significant unidirectional causality relationship with regard to local temperature changes. We found that vegetation greening over Central Asia as a whole induced a cooling effect on the local temperatures. We also found that evapotranspiration (ET) exhibits greater sensitivity to the increases of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as compared to albedo in arid/semi-arid/semi-humid regions, potentially leading to a cooling effect. However, in humid regions, albedo warming completely surpasses ET cooling, causing a pronounced warming. Our findings suggest that using appropriate strategies to protect vulnerable dryland ecosystems from degradation, should lead to future benefits related to greening ecosystems and mitigation for rising temperatures.
On the impact of Vertical Alignment of MoS2 for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Shokhen Victor , Miroshnikov Yana , Gershinsky Gregory , Gotlib Noam , Stern Chen , Naveh Doron , Zitoun David
Published: June 2017

Herein, we report energy storage devices, which are based on densely packed, vertically aligned MoS2 (VA-MoS2) or planar oriented MoS2 (PO-MoS2) and compare their electrochemical performances. The VA-MoS2 films have been processed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to reach unprecedented micron-scale thick films while maintaining the vertical alignment for the whole thickness. The VA-MoS2 and the PO-MoS2 films form a high-performance Li-ion electrode, reaching the theoretical limits of reversible capacity for this material (800 mAh/g; twice the specific capacity of graphite). The vertical alignment allows faster charge-discharge rates while maintaining a high specific capacity (C-rate measurements). Noteworthy, the reversible cycling of the Li-ion electrode also benefits from the vertical alignment. In this article, we present the full synthesis, structural and electrochemical characterization of VA-MoS2 along with the properties of PO-MoS2 to deconvolute the intrinsic properties of MoS2 from the influence of the layers’ orientation.
Leaky Bloch-like surface waves in the radiation-continuum for sensitivity enhanced biosensors via azimuthal interrogation
Authors: Koju Vijay , Robertson William M.
Published: June 2017

Dielectric multilayer structures with a grating profile on the top-most layer adds an additional degree of freedom to the phase matching conditions for Bloch surface wave excitation. The conditions for Bloch surface wave coupling can be achieved by rotating both polar and azimuthal angles. The generation of Bloch surface waves as a function of azimuthal angle has similar characteristics to conventional grating coupled Bloch surface waves. However, azimuthally generated Bloch surface waves have enhanced angular sensitivity compared to conventional polar angle coupled modes, which makes them appropriate for detecting tiny variations in surface refractive index due to the addition of nano-particles such as protein molecules.
Neural basis of self-initiative in relation to apathy in a student sample
Authors: Kos Claire , Klaasen Nicky G. , Marsman Jan-Bernard C. , Opmeer Esther M. , Knegtering Henderikus , Aleman André , van Tol Marie-José
Published: June 2017

Human behaviour can be externally driven, e.g. catching a falling glass, or self-initiated and goal-directed, e.g. drinking a cup of coffee when one deems it is time for a break. Apathy refers to a reduction of self-initiated goal-directed or motivated behaviour, frequently present in neurological and psychiatric disorders. The amount of undertaken goal-directed behaviour varies considerably in clinical as well as healthy populations. In the present study, we investigated behavioural and neural correlates of self-initiated action in a student sample (N = 39) with minimal to high levels of apathy. We replicated activation of fronto-parieto-striatal regions during self-initiation. The neural correlates of self-initiated action did not explain varying levels of apathy in our sample, neither when mass-univariate analysis was used, nor when multivariate patterns of brain activation were considered. Other hypotheses, e.g. regarding a putative role of deficits in reward anticipation, effort expenditure or executive difficulties, deserve investigation in future studies.
Size-tunable Lateral Confinement in Monolayer Semiconductors
Authors: Wei Guohua , Czaplewski David A. , Lenferink Erik J. , Stanev Teodor K. , Jung Il Woong , Stern Nathaniel P.
Published: June 2017

Three-dimensional confinement allows semiconductor quantum dots to exhibit size-tunable electronic and optical properties that enable a wide range of opto-electronic applications from displays, solar cells and bio-medical imaging to single-electron devices. Additional modalities such as spin and valley properties in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides provide further degrees of freedom requisite for information processing and spintronics. In nanostructures, however, spatial confinement can cause hybridization that inhibits the robustness of these emergent properties. Here, we show that laterally-confined excitons in monolayer MoS2 nanodots can be created through top-down nanopatterning with controlled size tunability. Unlike chemically-exfoliated monolayer nanoparticles, the lithographically patterned monolayer semiconductor nanodots down to a radius of 15 nm exhibit the same valley polarization as in a continuous monolayer sheet. The inherited bulk spin and valley properties, the size dependence of excitonic energies, and the ability to fabricate MoS2 nanostructures using semiconductor-compatible processing suggest that monolayer semiconductor nanodots have potential to be multimodal building blocks of integrated optoelectronics and spintronics systems.
A Sauropod Tooth from the Santonian of Hungary and the European Late Cretaceous ‘Sauropod Hiatus’
Authors: Ősi Attila , Csiki-Sava Zoltán , Prondvai Edina
Published: June 2017

The lack of sauropod body fossils from the 20 My-long mid-Cenomanian to the late Campanian interval of the Late Cretaceous in Europe is referred to as the ‘sauropod hiatus’, with only a few footprints reported from the Apulian microplate (i.e. the southern part of the European archipelago). Here we describe a single tooth from the Santonian continental beds of Iharkút, Hungary, that represents the first European body fossil evidence of a sauropod from this critical time interval. The mosaic of derived and plesiomorphic features documented by the tooth crown morphology points to a basal titanosauriform affinity suggesting the occurrence of a clade of sauropods in the Upper Cretaceous of Europe that is quite different from the previously known Campano-Maastrichtian titanosaurs. Along with the footprints coming from shallow marine sediments, this tooth further strengthens the view that the extreme rarity of sauropod remains from this period of Europe is the result of sampling bias related to the dominance of coastal over inland sediments, in the latter of which sauropod fossils usually occur. This is also in line with the hypothesis that sauropods preferred inland habitats to swampy environments.
Reduced preference for social rewards in a novel tablet based task in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Ruta Liliana , Famà Francesca Isabella , Bernava Giuseppe Massimo , Leonardi Elisa , Tartarisco Gennaro , Falzone Alessandra , Pioggia Giovanni , Chakrabarti Bhismadev
Published: June 2017

Atypical responsivity to social rewards has been observed in young children with or at risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). These observations contributed to the hypothesis of reduced social motivation in ASD. In the current study we develop a novel task to test social reward preference using a tablet computer (iPad), where two differently coloured buttons were associated with a social and a nonsocial rewarding image respectively. 63 young children, aged 14–68 months, with and without a diagnosis of ASD took part in the study. The experimental sessions were also recorded on video, using an in-built webcam on the tablet as well as an external camera. Children with ASD were found to show a reduced relative preference for social rewards, indexed by a lower proportion of touches for the button associated with the social reward image. Greater social preference as measured using the tablet-based task was associated with increased use of social communicative behaviour such as eye contact with the experimenter and social smile in response to the social reward image. These results are consistent with earlier findings from eye-tracking studies, and provide novel empirical insights into atypical social reward responsivity in ASD.
Resistance of Garlic Cultivars to Bradysia odoriphaga and Its Correlation with Garlic Thiosulfinates
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Luo Yin , Xue Ming , Zhou Fangyuan , Zhao Haipeng , Ji Guixia , Liu Fang
Published: June 2017

Garlic, a widely cultivated global vegetable crop, is threatened by the underground pest Bradysia odoriphaga in China. Previous reports indicated that garlic essential oil, of which the dominant components are sulfides or thiosulfinates, exhibits insecticidal activity against pests. However, it is unclear whether the resistance of garlic to B. odoriphaga is related to thiosulfinates. Here, we compared the resistance of 10 garlic cultivars at various growth stages to B. odoriphaga by field investigation and indoor life-table data collection. Furthermore, the relationship between thiosulfinates content and resistance, as well as the toxicity of garlic oil and allicin against B. odoriphaga larvae was determined. Field surveys demonstrated that the garlic cultivars Qixian and Cangshan possessed the highest resistance, while Siliuban and Yishui were the most sensitive. When reared on Qixian, B. odoriphaga larval survival and fecundity declined by 26.2% and 17.7% respectively, but the development time was prolonged by 2.8 d compared with Siliuban. A positive correlation was detected between thiosulfinates content and resistance. Furthermore, garlic oil and allicin exhibited strong insecticidal activity. We screened out 2 pest-resistant cultivars, for which thiosulfinate content was highest. Additionally, the insecticidal activity displayed by sulfides and allcin suggests their potential for exploitation as botanical insecticides.
Clostridium difficile flagella induce a pro-inflammatory response in intestinal epithelium of mice in cooperation with toxins
Authors: Batah Jameel , Kobeissy Hussein , Bui Pham Phuong Trang , Denève-Larrazet Cécile , Kuehne Sarah , Collignon Anne , Janoir-Jouveshomme Claire , Marvaud Jean-Christophe , Kansau Imad
Published: June 2017

Clostridium difficile is the most important enteropathogen involved in gut nosocomial post-antibiotic infections. The emergence of hypervirulent strains has contributed to increased mortality and morbidity of CDI. The C. difficile toxins contribute directly to CDI-associated lesions of the gut, but other bacterial factors are needed for the bacteria to adhere and colonize the intestinal epithelium. The C. difficile flagella, which confer motility and chemotaxis for successful intestinal colonization, could play an additional role in bacterial pathogenesis by contributing to the inflammatory response of the host and mucosal injury. Indeed, by activating the TLR5, flagella can elicit activation of the MAPK and NF-κB cascades of cell signaling, leading to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the current study, we demonstrate, by using an animal model of CDI, a synergic effect of flagella and toxins in eliciting an inflammatory mucosal response. In this model, the absence of flagella dramatically decreases the degree of mucosal inflammation in mice and the sole presence of toxins without flagella was not enough to elicit epithelial lesions. These results highlight the important role of C. difficile flagella in eliciting mucosal lesions as long as the toxins exert their action on the epithelium.
Distinct activation modes of the Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 2 in response to insulin-like peptide 3 and relaxin
Authors: Bruell Shoni , Sethi Ashish , Smith Nicholas , Scott Daniel J. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Wu Qing-Ping , Guo Zhan-Yun , Petrie Emma J. , Gooley Paul R. , Bathgate Ross A. D.
Published: June 2017

Relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) is a GPCR known for its role in reproductive function. It is structurally related to the human relaxin receptor RXFP1 and can be activated by human gene-2 (H2) relaxin as well as its cognate ligand insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3). Both receptors possess an N-terminal low-density lipoprotein type a (LDLa) module that is necessary for activation and is joined to a leucine-rich repeat domain by a linker. This linker has been shown to be important for H2 relaxin binding and activation of RXFP1 and herein we investigate the role of the equivalent region of RXFP2. We demonstrate that the linker’s highly-conserved N-terminal region is essential for activation of RXFP2 in response to both ligands. In contrast, the linker is necessary for H2 relaxin, but not INSL3, binding. Our results highlight the distinct mechanism by which INSL3 activates RXFP2 whereby ligand binding mediates reorientation of the LDLa module by the linker region to activate the RXFP2 transmembrane domains in conjunction with the INSL3 A-chain. In contrast, relaxin activation of RXFP2 involves a more RXFP1-like mechanism involving binding to the LDLa-linker, reorientation of the LDLa module and activation of the transmembrane domains by the LDLa alone.
Peptide specific monoclonal antibodies of Leptospiral LigA for acute diagnosis of leptospirosis
Authors: Kanagavel Murugesan , Shanmughapriya Santhanam , Aishwarya Kayanam Vijaya Lalitha , Ponmurugan Karuppiah , Murugan Kasi , Al-Dhabi Naif Abdullah , Natarajaseenivasan Kalimuthusamy
Published: June 2017

Leptospirosis is underdiagnosed due to low sensitivity, need of specialised equipment, and expensive reagents for serological and molecular diagnosis respectively. Considering the sensitivity, rapidity, inexpensive reagents and collection of clinical samples, the monoclonal antibody based antigen detection method from urine samples has been developed and evaluated. LigA (LK90) based B-cell specific epitopes were predicted and synthesised as peptides for the production of monoclonal antibody. LK90543: SNAQKNQGNA (amino acids: 543 to 552), and LK901110: DHHTQSSYTP (amino acids: 1110 to 1119) with VaxiJen score of 1.3719 and 1.2215, respectively were used. Thirty two and 28 urine samples from confirmed and seronegative healthy human subjects, respectively were included for the evaluation of MAb-based dot blot ELISA. The specificity of the evaluated MAbs, P1B1 and P4W2 were found to be in the range of ~93–96%. Moreover, the MAbs did not show cross-reactivity with other bacterial antigens as confirmed by IgG ELISA, further validating its specificity for leptospiral antigens. These findings suggest that the developed MAb based dot blot ELISA is a simple, rapid performed in less than 8 h, inexpensive with a ICER of $8.7/QALY, and affordable in developing countries and area where laboratory facilities are limited.
Cycles of vascular plexus formation within the nephrogenic zone of the developing mouse kidney
Authors: Munro David A. D. , Hohenstein Peter , Davies Jamie A.
Published: June 2017

The renal vasculature is required for blood filtration, blood pressure regulation, and pH maintenance, as well as other specialised kidney functions. Yet, despite its importance, many aspects of its development are poorly understood. To provide a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of kidney vascularisation, we collected images of embryonic mouse kidneys at various developmental time-points. Here we describe the first stages of kidney vascularisation and demonstrate that polygonal networks of vessels (endothelial plexuses) form in cycles at the periphery of the kidney. We show that kidney vascularisation initiates at E11, when vessels connected to the embryonic circulation form a ring around the ureteric bud. From E13.5, endothelial plexuses organise around populations of cap mesenchymal and ureteric bud cells in a cyclical, predictable manner. Specifically, as the ureteric bud bifurcates, endothelia form across the bifurcation site as the cap mesenchyme splits. The plexuses are vascular, carry erythrocytes, are enclosed within a basement membrane, and can always be traced back to the renal artery. Our results are a major step towards understanding how the global architecture of the renal vasculature is achieved.
Plasma REST: a novel candidate biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease is modified by psychological intervention in an at-risk population
Authors: Ashton N J , Hye A , Leckey C A , Jones A R , Gardner A , Elliott C , Wetherell J L , Lenze E J , Killick R , Marchant N L
Published: June 2017

The repressor element 1-silencing transcription (REST) factor is a key regulator of the aging brain’s stress response. It is reduced in conditions of stress and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which suggests that increasing REST may be neuroprotective. REST can be measured peripherally in blood plasma. Our study aimed to (1) examine plasma REST levels in relation to clinical and biological markers of neurodegeneration and (2) alter plasma REST levels through a stress-reduction intervention—mindfulness training. In study 1, REST levels were compared across the following four well-characterized groups: healthy elderly (n=65), mild cognitive impairment who remained stable (stable MCI, n=36), MCI who later converted to dementia (converter MCI, n=29) and AD (n=65) from the AddNeuroMed cohort. REST levels declined with increasing severity of risk and impairment (healthy elderly>stable MCI>converter MCI>AD, F=6.35, P<0.001). REST levels were also positively associated with magnetic resonance imaging-based hippocampal and entorhinal atrophy and other putative blood-based biomarkers of AD (Ps<0.05). In study 2, REST was measured in 81 older adults with psychiatric risk factors for AD before and after a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention or an education-based placebo intervention. Mindfulness-based training caused an increase in REST compared with the placebo intervention (F=8.57, P=0.006), and increased REST was associated with a reduction in psychiatric symptoms associated with stress and AD risk (Ps<0.02). Our data confirm plasma REST associations with clinical severity and neurodegeneration, and originally, that REST is modifiable by a psychological intervention with clinical benefit.
Gold nanoparticle/hexaammineruthenium/Nafion® modified glassy carbon electrodes for trace heavy metal detection in commercial hair dyes
Authors: Palisoc Shirley , Causing Alnira Mei , Natividad Michelle
Published: June 2017

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)/hexaammineruthenium(iii) ([Ru(NH3)6]3+)/Nafion® modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were fabricated and used as working electrodes in the determination of lead and cadmium in commercial hair dyes.
An investigation into support cooperativity for the deoxygenation of guaiacol over nanoparticle Ni and Rh2P
Authors: Griffin Michael B. , Baddour Frederick G. , Habas Susan E. , Nash Connor P. , Ruddy Daniel A. , Schaidle Joshua A.
Published: June 2017

For guaiacol deoxygenation under catalytic fast pyrolysis conditions, support acidity increases catalytic activity while support reducibility enhances selectivity to deoxygenated products.
Octyl gallate, a food additive with potential beneficial properties to treat Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Wolf Vanessa Gonçalves , Bonacorsi Cibele , Raddi Maria Stella Gonçalves , da Fonseca Luiz Marcos , Ximenes Valdecir Farias
Published: June 2017

Helicobacter pyloriinfection is marked by intense production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of neutrophils that are constantly attracted to the infected gastric mucosa.
Determination of the length and diameter of nanorods by a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and scanning mobility particle sizer
Authors: Thajudeen T. , Walter J. , Srikantharajah R. , Lübbert C. , Peukert W.
Published: June 2017

Combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and scanning mobility particle sizer to predict average length and diameter of nanorods in a sample.
Aggregation dynamics of nanoparticles at solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Tian Xuezeng , Zheng Haimei , Mirsaidov Utkur
Published: June 2017

The dynamics of molecules or nanoparticles (NPs) at solid–liquid interfaces plays an important role in many natural and industrial processes.
Highly efficient dual-modal phosphorescence/computed tomography bioprobes based on an iridium complex and AuNP polyiohexol composite nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Yao , Wu Youshen , Liu Jiajun , Liu Yiming , Wu Daocheng
Published: June 2017

Highly efficient BTP and AuNP polyiohexol composite nanoparticles (BAPI NPs) were developed as dual-modal phosphorescence/computed tomography (CT) bioprobes.
The para-fluoro-thiol reaction as a powerful tool for precision network synthesis
Authors: Cavalli Federica , Mutlu Hatice , Steinmueller Sven O. , Barner Leonie
Published: June 2017

We introduce the regioselective para-fluoro-thiol reaction (PFTR) as a novel strategy for precision network formation evidenced by XPS and ToF-SIMS.
CdS aerogels as efficient photocatalysts for degradation of organic dyes under visible light irradiation
Authors: Korala Lasantha , Germain Jason R. , Chen Erica , Pala Irina R. , Li Da , Brock Stephanie L.
Published: June 2017

CdS aerogel photocatalysts enable a high-interfacial surface area for analyte reactivity and visible light activation.
In situ polymerized hyperbranched polymer reinforced poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels
Authors: Dehbari Nazila , Tavakoli Javad , Singh Khatrao Simranjeet , Tang Youhong
Published: June 2017

A novel hyperbranched polymer reinforced poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel with high water swelling abilities was synthesized by one-step in situ polymerization.
Palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)–H aminoimidoylation of isocyano-containing arenes: synthesis of amino substituted N-heterocycles
Authors: Xiong Zhuang , Wang Jian , Wang Yanbo , Luo Shuang , Zhu Qiang
Published: June 2017

An efficient access to amino substituted phenanthridine and isoquinoline derivatives, through palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)–H aminoimidoylation, has been developed.
A two-in-one device for online monitoring of direct immersion single-drop microextraction: an optical probe as both microdrop holder and measuring cell
Authors: Zaruba Serhii , Vishnikin Andriy B. , Škrlíková Jana , Diuzheva Alina , Ozimaničová Ivana , Gavazov Kiril , Andruch Vasil
Published: June 2017

For the first time an optical probe is proposed as the microdrop holder and simultaneously the measuring cell in a direct immersion single-drop microextraction (DI-SDME) procedure.
Aspects of extraction and biological evaluation of naturally occurring sugar-mimicking sulfonium-ion and their synthetic analogues as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia: a review
Authors: Bagri Priyanka , Chester Karishma , Khan Washim , Ahmad Sayeed
Published: June 2017

A review of the selective inhibitory activities of sulfonium compounds ofSalaciaagainst intestinal α-glucosidases, structural features important for effective inhibition and the toggling approach for controlling starch digestion and glucose release.
Inertial microfluidics combined with selective cell lysis for high throughput separation of nucleated cells from whole blood
Authors: Ramachandraiah Harisha , Svahn Helene A. , Russom Aman
Published: June 2017

The ability to rapidly analyze blood cells provides a wealth of information about our health. Here, we report on an automated, high-throughput, method that completely removes red blood cells and sort cells into subpopulation for downstream analysis.
Low voltage driven surface micro-flow by Joule heating
Authors: Wang H. , Wang S. G. , Kan J. J. , Deng X. Y. , Wang W. C. , Wu M. H. , Lei Y.
Published: June 2017

We report a low voltage driven surface microfluidic system simply by Joule heating.
Improved sodium-ion storage properties by fabricating nanoporous CuSn alloy architecture
Authors: Zhang Ruie , Wang Zhifeng , Ma Wenqing , Yu Wei , Lu Shanshan , Liu Xizheng
Published: June 2017

A CuSn alloy with nanoporous structure has been developed for use as the anode in sodium-ion batteries.
Preparation of magnetic metal organic framework nanocomposites for efficient and selective adsorption of hemoglobin from bovine blood
Authors: Yao Xin , Ma Xiangdong , Gao Xiaomei , Jia Li
Published: June 2017

Fe3O4@[Cu3(btc)2] particles were prepared and used for efficient and selective removal of abundant BHb from bovine blood.
Metal triflate promoted synthesis of naphthalenes
Authors: Chan Chieh-Kai , Wang Heui-Sin , Tsai Yu-Lin , Chang Meng-Yang
Published: June 2017

A synthetic route to derive the skeleton of naphthalenes starting with isovanillin is described with modest total yieldsviathe key transformation of metal triflate-mediated intramolecular benzannulation ofo-formyl oro-benzoyl allylbenzenes in MeNO2at rt.
High-performance of self-powered UV photodetector with long-term stability based on ZnO nanorods and an iodine-free quasi solid-state electrolyte
Authors: Peng Xiaoli , Zeng Yiyu , Pan Xinhua , Wang Weihao , Zhou Yonghui , Wang Fengzhi , Lu Qiaoqi , Ye Zhizhen
Published: June 2017

Self-powered UV photodetector based on ZnO nanorods and an iodine-free quasi solid-state electrolyte exhibits high photoresponse and great stability.
BaCu2MIVQ4(MIV= Si, Ge, and Sn; Q = S, Se): synthesis, crystal structures, optical performances and theoretical calculations
Authors: Nian Leyan , Huang Junben , Wu Kui , Su Zhi , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: June 2017

Structural changes and optical performances for title compounds were studied and BaCu2SnS4was verified as one promising IR NLO candidate.
Nanoarmoring: strategies for preparation of multi-catalytic enzyme polymer conjugates and enhancement of high temperature biocatalysis
Authors: Zore Omkar V. , Pande Paritosh , Okifo Oghenenyerovwo , Basu Ashis K. , Kasi Rajeswari M. , Kumar Challa V.
Published: June 2017

We report a general approach for the synthesis of multi enzyme–polymer conjugates (MECs) consisting of five different enzymes of diverse isoelectric points and distinct catalytic properties conjugated within a single universal polymer scaffold.
Imaging of formaldehyde in plants with a ratiometric fluorescent probe
Authors: Li Zhen , Xu Yuqing , Zhu Hailiang , Qian Yong
Published: June 2017

We demonstrate that the ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of formaldehyde in live plant tissues is achieved with a newly developed ratiometric fluorescent probe,FAP, which effectively eliminated interference from other comparative analytes.
Crystallophore: a versatile lanthanide complex for protein crystallography combining nucleating effects, phasing properties, and luminescence
Authors: Engilberge Sylvain , Riobé François , Di Pietro Sebastiano , Lassalle Louise , Coquelle Nicolas , Arnaud Charles-Adrien , Pitrat Delphine , Mulatier Jean-Christophe , Madern Dominique , Breyton Cécile , Maury Olivier , Girard Eric
Published: June 2017

Introducing an unprecedented nucleating and phasing agent for protein crystallography that presents convenient luminescence properties.
Synthesis of ‘reactive’ and covalent polymeric multilayer coatings with durable superoleophobic and superoleophilic properties under water
Authors: Parbat Dibyangana , Manna Uttam
Published: June 2017

‘Amine-reactive’ multilayers of a nano-complex are introduced by exploiting the Michael addition reaction to adopt ‘internal’ super-oil-wettability under water with impeccable physical/chemical durability.
Graphene-based materials for capacitive deionization
Authors: Liu Peiying , Yan Tingting , Shi Liyi , Park Ho Seok , Chen Xuecheng , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Dengsong
Published: June 2017

We systematically summarized the current progress in graphene-based materials for capacitive deionization.
Microporous polymeric membranes inspired by adsorbent for gas separation
Authors: Dong Guangxi , Lee Young Moo
Published: June 2017

Microporous polymers are ideal candidates for membrane materials because their easily adjustable cavity size falls within the range perfectly suited for size-exclusion separation, and they can provide an all-in-one solution for a variety of gas separation applications. In addition, their large surface area allows sufficient gas adsorption and fast surface diffusion, and the combination leads to extremely efficient mass transfer across the membrane.
POSS-ProDOT crosslinking of PEDOT
Authors: Wei Bin , Liu Jinglin , Ouyang Liangqi , Martin David C.
Published: June 2017

Alkoxy-functionalized polythiophenes such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) have become promising materials for a variety of applications including bioelectronic devices due to their high conductivity, relatively soft mechanical response, good chemical stability and excellent biocompatibility.
Zwitterionic copolymers bearing phosphonate or phosphonic motifs as novel metal-anchorable anti-fouling coatings
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Hongwei , Liu Peiming , Liu Pingsheng , Li Li , Shen Jian
Published: June 2017

A novel strategy using zwitterionic-phosphonate/phosphonic copolymers as metal-anchorable antifouling coatings has been introduced.
A DFT study and experimental evidence of the sonication-induced cleavage of molybdenum sulfide Mo2S3 in liquids
Authors: Kozlova Mariia N. , Enyashin Andrey N. , Grayfer Ekaterina D. , Kuznetsov Vitalii A. , Plyusnin Pavel E. , Nebogatikova Nadezhda A. , Zaikovskii Vladimir I. , Fedorov Vladimir E.
Published: June 2017

Bulk Mo2S3 may be dispersed into colloidal nanosheets and assembled into thin films with potential for use in gas sensors.
Chemiluminescent and fluorescent dual-signal graphene quantum dots and their application in pesticide sensing arrays
Authors: Gao Lingfeng , Ju Li , Cui Hua
Published: June 2017

In this work, N-(aminobutyl)-N-(ethylisoluminol) (ABEI) functionalized graphene quantum dots (ABEI-GQDs) with excellent chemiluminescence (CL) and fluorescence (FL) properties were synthesized.
Cyclizations of Alkoxyallenes: Mechanisms, Intermediates, ­Products – A Personal Account on Solved and Unsolved Problems with Unique Allene Building Blocks
Authors: Reissig Hans-Ulrich , Zimmer Reinhold
Published: June 2017

The additions of lithiated alkoxyallenes to electrophiles, such as carbonyl compounds, thioketones, imines, and nitrones, provide the expected primary addition products. These alkoxyallene intermediates undergo ring-closure reactions under quite different conditions. Whereas allenyl hydroxylamine derivatives spontaneously cyclize to 1,2-oxazine derivatives, the related allenyl amines, thiols, and alcohols require, with distinct exceptions, promotion by acids, base, silver(I), or gold(I). The different mechanisms of these processes are discussed in this account. The serendipitous discovery of a novel three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic acids followed by a cyclization to pyridine derivatives is also reported and the mechanism involved is illustrated. This account also compiles exemplary examples of natural products and other compounds prepared by subsequent reactions of alkoxyallene-based cyclization products, but the fascinating ring-closing event of the allenyl intermediates is the main focus of this report.

1 Introduction

2 Cyclizations of Allenyl Hydroxylamines to 1,2-Oxazine Derivatives

3 Cyclizations of Allenyl Amines to Dihydropyrrole Derivatives

4 Cyclizations of Allenyl Imines to Pyrroles – Discovery of a New Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridines

5 Cyclizations of Allenyl Thiols to Vinylthiiranes and Dihydrothiophene Derivatives

6 Cyclizations of Allenyl Alcohols to Dihydrofuran Derivatives

7 Conclusions
Endoscopic Management of Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I with or without Syringomyelia
Authors: Ratre Shailendra , Yadav Nishtha , Parihar Vijay , Bajaj Jitin , Kher Yatin , Yadav Yad
Published: June 2017

Introduction Several different surgical techniques have been used in the treatment of patients with symptomatic Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 (ACM-1) with or without syrinx. Endoscope-assisted decompression of the posterior fossa has been found to be safe and effective. We report our initial experience of endoscopic management of ACM-I.

Material and Methods This was a prospective study of 15 symptomatic patients. Pre- and postoperative clinical status and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings were recorded. Suboccipital bone of ∼ 3 cm distance from the foramen of magnum and posterior arch of atlas was removed. Partial splitting of the dura mater with preservation of the inner portion and the arachnoid membrane was performed. Any change in axial and sagittal length of the syrinx, tonsillar ascension, shape of the tonsil tip, appearance of cerebrospinal fluid posterior to the tonsil, and formation of the cisterna magna were recorded. Patients with atlantoaxial instability, tethered cord, associated myelomeningocele, hydrocephalus, or elevated intracranial pressure were excluded.

Results Age of patients ranged from 26 to 48 years. There were nine female patients. There were six patients with ACM-I without and nine with ACM-I with syrinx. Average pre- and postoperative Karnofsky performance score was 78 and 93, respectively. Average operative time was 130 minutes (110–190 minutes), and blood loss was 30 mL (20–180 mL). Follow-up ranged from 9 to 21 months.

Conclusion Although the study is limited by the small number of patients with a short follow-up, endoscopic decompression in selected patients of ACM-I with or without syrinx with dural splitting was a safe and effective alternative to microsurgical treatment.
… weil es nicht egal ist, wie etwas
geschieht
Authors: Muesse André , Vehma Stefanie
Published: June 2017

Berührungsqualität in der Pflege Berührung ist immanenter Teil
pflegerischer Arbeit. Doch was bedeutet Berührung und welche Bedeutung hat sie?
Was beeinflusst Berührung und wie beeinflusst Berührung den Verlauf von
Interaktionen zwischen Pflegenden und Patienten? Wie unterscheiden sich
angemessene und unangemessene Berührung, und was sagt eigentlich die
Wissenschaft dazu? Ein kleiner Überblick über das Phänomen der Berührung im
pflegerischen Kontext unter Gesichtspunkten von Kinästhetik.
Familienintegration braucht gemeinsames Verstehen und
Kommunikation
Authors: Rohde Katrin S.
Published: June 2017

Kernaufgabe der Kinderkrankenpflege Pflegende spielen im System Familie
sowohl in der ambulanten als auch in der stationären Begleitung von kranken
Kindern und Jugendlichen eine bedeutende Rolle, die sie zumindest in Teilen
bewusst ausgestalten können. Dazu muss es auch gelingen, die bestehenden
Aufgaben und Rahmenbedingungen in das Handlungsgefüge zu integrieren. Beratung
ist dabei ein Bestandteil der Begleitung.
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und Elternschaft – Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten der Hilfe
Authors: Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael , Dyba Janina
Published: June 2017

Kinder aus suchtbelasteten Familien sind einer Vielzahl an belastenden Lebensbedingungen ausgesetzt. Einen besonderen Risikofaktor stellt das problematische Erziehungsverhalten dar, welche suchtkranke Eltern infolge ihrer Abhängigkeitserkrankung oftmals aufzeigen wie z. B. Vernachlässigung oder andere dysfunktionale Erziehungspraktiken. In der Konsequenz können sich bei den Kindern internalisierende oder externalisierende Verhaltensauffälligkeiten oder eigene substanzbezogene Probleme entwickeln. Trotz der dringenden Relevanz gibt es im deutschsprachigen Raum kaum entsprechende Konzepte zur Förderung der Erziehungskompetenz, die sich direkt an suchtkranke Eltern richten. Im US-amerikanischen Raum hingegen existieren verschiedene verhaltens- und bindungsorientierte Elterntrainings für suchtkranke Eltern, die sich als wirksam erwiesen haben.
„Find it“ – Paradigmenwechsel in der
Diagnostik
Authors: Hartmann Christian
Published: June 2017

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem ersten Aspekt des von Jane Stark im
vorangegangen Artikel erwähnten Zitats „Find it, fix it and leave it alone“. Es
geht also um Stills diagnostisches Vorgehen und seine Bedeutung für die
Medizingeschichte.