bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Court of Human Rights and the right to clean water and sanitation
Authors: Braig Katharina Franziska
Published: January 2018

The human right to clean water and sanitation is currently under discussion in the European Union. During this discussion, it should not be forgotten that another European organisation, namely the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), is becoming increasingly active regarding pan-European minimum standards relating to the right to clean water and sanitation. Although it is widely recognised that clean drinking water and sanitation are essential to the realisation of all human rights, no such obligation can be found in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This article reviews the creative development of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR concerning the right to clean water and sanitation using two interpretation techniques, namely the ‘living instrument’ doctrine and the ‘practical and effective’ doctrine. Today, the ECtHR recognises, for example, that a breach of a State's obligation to respect the right to water can amount to a violation of Article 3 of the Convention on inhuman or degrading treatment. By failing to oblige companies to curb water pollution, the Court has also held that a State can be liable for a breach of Article 8 of the Convention, namely the right to respect for private and family life.
Climate change and accommodation of water availability in transboundary rivers: lessons learned from the Guadiana basin
Authors: Jafroudi Maryam
Published: January 2018

Historically, states have found it useful to regulate their relationship over their shared water resources via treaties. While treaties provide some element of predictability and certainty with regard to the future supplies of water to the riparian states, they also need to incorporate mechanisms that allow flexibility to respond to changes in the quantity of water available for allocation amongst the parties. This requirement is especially relevant when global climate change is causing freshwater resources to shrink. The legal regime of the Guadiana, as an example of a modern legal regime of a transboundary river, includes some provisions that permit the riparian states to accommodate the variability of the Guadiana's streamflow in response to climate change within the water allocation arrangements. The lessons learned from these provisions, which include periodical update of the historical mean precipitation values, updating the flow regime of the rivers and cancelling minimum flow requirements under special circumstances, may contribute to climate-proofing international transboundary agreements within the catchments where climate-change induced water scarcity poses a major threat.
Filtration of oil from oily wastewater via hydrophobic modified quartz sand filter medium
Authors: Bigui Wei , Jianlin Liu , Gang Wang , Qing Chang
Published: January 2018

To improve the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of a quartz sand filter medium, two coupling agents, DN101 and KH570, were employed. The filter medium surface wettability and oil removal efficiency before and after modification were investigated, and the characteristics are summarized. The test results show that, after modification by the grafting of an organic long-chain coupling agent to the filter medium surface, the lipophilic to hydrophilic ratio increased from 1.31 (UQS) to 12.09 (MQD-Ti) and 5.11 (MQD-Si), and the oil removal efficiencies of MQD-Ti and MQD-Si improved by 21.7% and 6.9%, respectively. The stronger hydrophobicity resulted in higher quality factor values of 0.668 m−1 and 0.548 m−1 for MQD-Ti and MQD-Si, respectively, compared to 0.533 m−1 for UQS. This means that improving the filter medium surface hydrophobicity and oil removal efficiency via filter medium surface modification is effective.
A New Method to Prescribe Wedges Custom Made For Individuals With Transfemoral Amputation Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Soares Denise Paschoal , Peduzzi de Castro Marcelo , Mendes Emília , Machado Leandro
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Wedges custom made have been used to improve the gait pattern of individuals with transfemoral (TF) Amputation. However, the prescription and test of these wedges is mostly based on a highly subjective gait evaluation. The purpose of this study was to develop a rational and quantitative method to prescribe wedges custom made for the sound limb of individuals with TF using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Method:

First, the effect of different wedges was assessed in able-bodied subjects (CG). Second, using the influence of the wedges in CG, and the gait pattern of each TF individually, wedges were prescribed in order to modify their gait according to the specific effect of each wedge. The variables analyzed were the ground reaction force components and center of pressure displacement. The Mahalanobis distance for each variable and the 95% confidence interval (CI) based on CG data was calculated. Results showed, by the Mahalanobis distance of the variables, that TF subjects improved their gait pattern, TF subjects improved their gait; the variables that were out of the boundaries of 95% CI of CG, moved inside these boundaries with the use of wedges.

Result:

The application of wedges to the sound limb of TF amputees can improve their gait patterns, thus the application of PCA can help clinicians to decide the best device for each patient, and consequently improve TF patient quality of life.
Het Sociaal Pact van 20 april 1944: kanttekeningen bij een politieke tekst
Authors: Luyten Dirk
Published: January 2018

In het archief van het Verbond van Belgische Ondernemingen (VBO), wordt de originele tekst bewaard van het Sociaal Pact van april 1944, officieel het Projet d’accord de solida-rité sociale.1 Het Sociaal Pact wordt vaak beschouwd als het basismanifest van de Belgische welvaartsstaat. De wet op de so-ciale zekerheid is ingevoerd in 1944 door de socialist Achiel Van Acker, toen minister van Arbeid, wat later Eerste Minister. Hij is op basis daarvan de geschiedenis ingegaan als ‘de vader van de sociale zekerheid’. Die wet is nagenoeg een exacte kopie van hetgeen in het Sociaal Pact enkele maanden eerder was uitgetekend. Ook het naoorlogs sociaal overlegsysteem is institutioneel gedeel-telijk, en wat de filosofie betreft in sterke mate door het Sociaal Pact geïnspireerd. Lonen en arbeidsvoorwaarden worden vastgelegd door de grote werkgevers- en werknemersorganisaties, die het monopolie krijgen voor de vertegenwoordiging van hun respectieve groepen. ...
Gokken met geschiedenis. De historische quiz als vorm van publieksgeschiedenis
Authors: Van Hasselt Laura
Published: January 2018

Kan een geschiedenisquiz meer bieden dan alleen oppervlakkig vermaak? Historica en conservator Laura van Hasselt analyseert de historische quiz als ‘serieuze’ vorm van publieksgeschiedenis. Met voorbeelden uit de museale, online- en televisiepraktijk.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE VERY RARE FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA (STONE MAN SYNDROME)
Authors: Sri K. Bhavya
Published: January 2018

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare disorder with only about 800 million people affected worldwide. It occurs as a result of the mutation in Activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) gene leading to extraskeletal structure formation which further gradually progresses to skeletal deformities and premature death. This disorder is also known as stone man syndrome as it causes joints to become frozen resulting in mobility impairment. It is generally identified in early childhood and affects almost every organ. Though there is no approved treatment for this rare disorder, researchers are in progress. Supportive therapy and care can help the patients to some extent by providing temporary relief. In this review, we will briefly outline the information regarding FOP which is difficult to diagnose and whose misdiagnosis is dangerous.
ANTI-OXIDANT NUTRITION: AN ADJUVANT WITH A BALANCE DIET
Authors: Bell Joseph
Published: January 2018

NA (Letter)
The Correlation of Event Tourism towards Travel Motivation and Its Impact on Destination Image of Bali
Authors: Arcana Komang Trisna Pratiwi
Published: January 2018

The implementation of Event Tourism is one form of promotion of a destination that combines a variety of products and displayed in the form of festivals, special events, Meeting, Incentive, Convention, and Exhibition Tourism (MICE Tourism) with the aim of providing a personal experience at a destination. Bali that had degraded its destinations image after terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005 has made various efforts to restore the image by organizing tourism events. Tourism Image Destinations is an essential component in selecting decision by tourists about travel destinations. This research was focusing on the study of the relationship of organizing event tourism in Bali toward tourist motivation. The study was done to 50 respondents during the silent day in Bali in 2016. By using association correlation test or Chi-Square (X2), which was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23 showed that there was a positive correlation of the implementation of tourism event toward travel motivation and its impact in establishing the destination image of Bali Island itself. Pearson Chi-Square line showed the price of p-value was 0.000 < 0.05 or Ho was rejected. So that through this study, Bali local government must continue to improve creativity in encouraging the growth of Event Tourism for the realization of destination image which safe, peaceful, and superior because of its cultural attractions, natural or man-made art. The local government is also expected to pay particular attention to the potential of this special interest market.
Efficient farming options for German apple growers under risk – a stochastic dominance approach
Authors: Röhrig Maren B.K. , Hardeweg Bernd , Lentz Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

For a sustainable economic performance of apple production, the determination of efficient farming options considering production risk is crucial. Relying on a permanent crop, apple producers are less flexible to react upon disturbances. Based on data of 134 apple producers operating in the two main production areas in Germany, we compare and determine efficient production options. Furthermore, appropriate risk management instruments (RMIs) are identified using stochastic dominance criteria. In addition, we use Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function to evaluate farming options for defined ranges of relative risk aversion. The results indicate that Red Prince is the most efficient variety in the north and subsidized hail insurance with frost irrigation is superior to frost irrigation as single RMI. In the south Braeburn should be chosen by rational decision makers, but the tested insurance solutions are not as efficient as the common practice of producing apple under hail nets.
Review on hyperbaric oxygen treatment in femoral head necrosis
Authors:   Emeritus Professor of Surgery /Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology / Physiology and TeamHealth Anesthesia Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, Camporesi Enrico , Vezzani Giuliano ,   Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy, Zanon Vincenzo ,   Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy, Manelli Daniele ,   Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy, Enten Garrett ,   TeamHealth Anesthesia Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, Quartesan Silvia ,   Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy, Bosco Gerardo ,   Biomedical Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
Published: January 2018

Background: Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a common invalidating disease with an unclear etiology and pathophysiology that affects middle-aged people. FHN may lead to joint collapse and require invasive treatments. Because of its clinical and socioeconomic significance, an early diagnosis, staging and appropriate treatment are required. Unfortunately, to date a unique algorithm for the treatment of FHN has not been defined. Objective: In this report we summarize the Tenth European Consensus Conference on hyperbaric medicine (April 2016, France), during which experts from Europe revised the list of accepted indications for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment, including FHN. Methods: In this report all aspects of osteonecrosis discussed during the meeting have been considered: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, standard management, HBO2 therapy and evidence-based review of its efficacy. All observations are based on a thorough review of the best available research and evidence-based medicine. Conclusions: The Consensus Conference in Lille established FHN as an indication for HBO2 therapy and suggested a protocols guideline to adopt for this pathology.
Health care worker decompression sickness: incidence, risk and mitigation
Authors:   National Baromedical Services, Columbia, South Carolina, USA, Clarke Dick
Published: January 2018

Inadvertent exposure to radiation, chemical agents and biological factors are well recognized hazards associated with the health care delivery system. Less well appreciated yet no less harmful is risk of decompression sickness in those who accompany patients as inside attendants (IAs) during provision of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Unlike the above hazards where avoidance is practiced, IA exposure to decompression sickness risk is unavoidable. While overall incidence is low, when calculated as number of cases over number of exposures or potential for a case during any given exposure, employee cumulative risk, defined here as number of cases over number of IAs, or risk that an IA may suffer a case, is not. Commonly, this unique occupational environmental injury responds favorably to therapeutic recompression and a period of recuperation. There are, however, permanent and career-ending consequences, and at least two nurses have succumbed to their decompression insults. The intent of this paper is to heighten awareness of hyperbaric attendant decompression sickness. It will serve as a review of reported cases and reconcile incidence against largely ignored individual worker risk. Mitigation strategies are summarized and an approach to more precisely identify risk factors that might prompt development of consensus screening standards is proposed.
Hyperbaric oxygen suppresses growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and enhances effect of tigecycline in vitro
Authors:   Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, No.401 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Qingdao, Shandong, the People’s Republic of China, Zhang Lina , Sun Qing , Wu Di , Yang Ying , Yu Tao , Gao Guangkai
Published: January 2018

Objectives: (1) To examine whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) will inhibit growth of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-K. pneumoniae) and extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (XDR-K. pneumoniae); (2) To determine whether the effect of tigecycline on XDR-K. pneumoniae will be enhanced by HBO2. Methods: The effects of 1.5 hours of treatment with normoxia (21% O2, 1 atmosphere absolute/ATA) or HBO2 (100% O2, 2 ATA) on bacterial counts of eight isolates of MDR-K. pneumoniae and eight isolates of XDRK. pneumoniae were studied. The effects of five hours of treatment with normoxia (21% O2, 1 ATA), tigecycline (21% O2, 1 ATA), HBO2 (100% O2, 3 ATA) or HBO2 + tigecycline (100% O2, 3 ATA) on proliferation of 10 isolates of XDR-K. pneumoniae were investigated. Results: HBO2 at 100% O2, 2 ATA, 1.5 hours suppressed growth of MDR-K. pneumoniae but had no effect on XDR-K. pneumoniae. HBO2 at 100% O2, 3 ATA, five hours enhanced the effects of tigecycline on XDR-K. pneumoniae. Conclusion: HBO2 in combination with or without tigecycline can be used to eliminate K. pneumoniae in vitro, and such treatment may be beneficial for patients with infections caused by K. pneumoniae.
The Dewey monitor: Pulse oximetry can independently detect hypoxia in a rebreather diver
Authors:   Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, N.C. U.S, Lance Rachel M. ,   Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division (NSWC PCD), Code E15 Underwater Systems Development and Acquisition, Panama City, Fla. U.S., Natoli Michael J. ,   Duke University Medical Center, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Durham, N.C. U.S., Dunworth Sophia A.S. ,   Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, N.C. U.S., Freiberger John J. ,   Duke University Medical Center, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Durham, N.C. U.S.,   Duke University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Durham, N.C. U.S., Moon Richard E. ,   Duke University Medical Center, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Durham, N.C. U.S.,   Duke University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Durham, N.C. U.S.,   Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, N.C. U.S.
Published: January 2018

Rebreather diving has one of the highest fatality rates per man hour of any diving activity in the world. The leading cause of death is hypoxia, typically from equipment or procedural failures. Hypoxia causes very few symptoms prior to causing loss of consciousness. Additionally, since the electronics responsible for controlling oxygen levels in rebreathers often control their alarm systems, frequently divers do not receive any external warnings. This study investigated the use of a forehead pulse oximeter as an independent warning device in the event of rebreather failure. Ten test subjects (seven male, three female, median age 29, range 26-35) exercised at a targeted rate of 2 L/minute oxygen consumption while on a non-functional rebreather breathing loop (mean consumption achieved 2.09 ± 0.36 L/minute). Each subject was tested both at the surface and at pressurized depth of 77 fsw (starting pO2=0.7 atm). The data show that a pulse oximeter could be used to provide an Mk 16 rebreather diver with a minimum mean of 49 seconds (± 17 seconds SD) of warning time after a noticeable change in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2 ≤ 95%) but before any risk of loss of consciousness (calculated SpO2 ≤ 80%), so that the diver may take mitigating actions. No statistical difference in warning time was found between the tests at surface and at 77 fsw (P=0.46).
Changes in Gut Microbiota–Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial
Authors: Heianza Yoriko , Sun Dianjianyi , Smith Steven R. , Bray George A. , Sacks Frank M. , Qi Lu
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

Adiposity and the gut microbiota are both related to the risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to comprehensively examine how changes induced by a weight-loss diet intervention in gut microbiota–related metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors (choline and l-carnitine), were associated with improvements in adiposity and regional fat deposition.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This study included 510 overweight and obese individuals who were randomly assigned one of four diets varying in macronutrient intake. We examined associations of 6-month changes in blood metabolites (TMAO, choline, and l-carnitine) with improvements in body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), body fat composition, fat distribution, and resting energy expenditure (REE).

RESULTS

Individuals with a greater reduction of choline (P < 0.0001) and l-carnitine (P < 0.01) rather than TMAO showed significant losses of BW and WC at 6 months. The reduction of choline was significantly predictive of decreases in body fat composition, fat distribution, and REE. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the baseline diabetes risk status, such as the presence of hyperglycemia (31% of the total participants) and fasting glucose levels, did not modify the associations. Early changes in choline and l-carnitine were significantly predictive of weight loss over 2 years (P < 0.05 for all). Individuals with increases in choline or l-carnitine were 2.35-times (95% CI 1.38, 4.00) or 1.77-times (1.06, 2.95) more likely to fail to lose weight (–5% or more loss) at 2 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Overweight and obese individuals who showed decreases in circulating choline or l-carnitine levels achieved greater improvements of adiposity and energy metabolism by eating a low-calorie weight-loss diet, suggesting that such metabolites are predictive of individuals’ response to the treatment. Further investigations are necessary to confirm our findings, particularly in a population with prediabetes that is more representative of the U.S. population with obesity.
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or 4
Authors: Lalau Jean-Daniel , Kajbaf Farshad , Bennis Youssef , Hurtel-Lemaire Anne-Sophie , Belpaire Frans , De Broe Marc E.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

This study was conducted to define a safe, effective dose regimen for metformin in moderate and severe chronic kidney disease (CKD; stages 3A/3B and 4, respectively), after the lifting of restrictions on metformin use in patients with diabetes with moderate-to-severe CKD in the absence of prospective safety and efficacy studies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Three complementary studies were performed: 1) a dose-finding study in CKD stages 1–5, in which blood metformin concentrations were evaluated during a 1-week period after each dose increase; 2) a 4-month metformin treatment study for validating the optimal metformin dose as a function of the CKD stage (3A, 3B, and 4), with blood metformin, lactate, and HbA1c concentrations monitored monthly; and 3) an assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters after the administration of a single dose of metformin in steady-state CKD stages 3A, 3B, and 4.

RESULTS

First, in the dose-finding study, the appropriate daily dosing schedules were 1,500 mg (0.5 g in the morning [qam] +1 g in the evening [qpm]) in CKD stage 3A, 1,000 mg (0.5 g qam + 0.5 g qpm) in CKD stage 3B, and 500 mg (qam) in CKD stage 4. Second, after 4 months on these regimens, patients displayed stable metformin concentrations that never exceeded the generally accepted safe upper limit of 5.0 mg/L. Hyperlactatemia (>5 mmol/L) was absent (except in a patient with myocardial infarction), and HbA1c levels did not change. Third, there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among the CKD stage groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Provided that the dose is adjusted for renal function, metformin treatment appears to be safe and still pharmacologically efficacious in moderate-to-severe CKD.
Globalização e harmonização: a derrubada dos muros entre os sistemas de Direito
Authors: Campos Adriana Pereira
Published: January 2018

Este artigo constitui a apresentação do dossiê “Constitucionalismo e soberania: justiça e juízes na cultura política liberal”. O constitucionalismo, desde o Oitocentos, passou a guiar comportamentos políticos na sociedade ocidental. Neste número da revista Dimensões pretendeu-se debater os diferentes conceitos de soberania, nacional ou popular, implícitos no liberalismo. Pretende-se abordar igualmente a construção da cidadania tanto da perspectiva das transformações promovidas pelo Estado, quanto aquelas proporcionadas pelos movimentos sociais. Objetivou-se, assim, contemplar os dilemas da participação política, bem como o papel do Judiciário e seus agentes na consolidação do constitucionalismo como cultura política ocidental.
O grupo político por trás da produção teatral: uma análise de discurso de As Bacantes de Eurípides
Authors: Sousa Dolores Puga Alves de
Published: January 2018

Este artigo propõe uma análise de discurso da tragédia As Bacantes (Bakxai) de Eurípides (406/5 a.C.) aliada aos conceitos de Eni Orlandi (2001) e em diálogo com as ideias historiográficas de Carlo Ginzburg (1989) sobre os sinais reveladores de sentido para suscitar a presença de um grupo político no financiamento da produção desta obra levada a público em Atenas de finais do século V. Concilia estudos de Paul Foucart (1904), Richard Seaford (2006), Leandro Barbosa (2012), Courtney Friesen (2015) e Eric Csapo (2008) para avaliar a peça e o deus Dioniso presente na mesma, além de estudos do contexto histórico tais quais de Luis Fernando D’ajello (2014) e da obra Helênicas de Xenofonte.
Redes familiares: estratégias matrimoniais e clientelares de uma elite em ascensão (Guarapiranga – século XVIII)
Authors: Alves Débora Cristina
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como intuito analisar as diferentes estratégias empregadas pelas famílias e pelos indivíduos no século XVIII que possuíam o intuito evidente de incorporar através de matrimônios e redes clientelares prestígio, fortuna e nobreza a si e a seus descendentes. Para tanto, analisamos os inventários post-mortem, processos matrimoniais e documentos do Conselho Ultramarino do período de 1715 a 1820 da região de Guarapiranga (MG). Assim como em outras freguesias do Ultramar, os moradores da localidade se preocuparam em estabelecer promissores relações sociais, políticas e econômicas entre si e entre indivíduos que pudessem agregar nobreza e riqueza. Desta forma, pretendemos compreender como essas famílias articulavam essas estratégias através dos matrimônios e alianças para a obtenção de seu propósito.
Loan-to-Value Ratio and Housing Price Cycle: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia
Authors: Lim Charvin , Nugraheni Siwi
Published: January 2018

The subprime mortgage crisis in 2007-2009 which led to a global recession has highlighted the importance of regulating credit for housing market. The urgency arises not only to manage non-performing ratio, but further to manage price in the housing market which is a potent source of financial imbalance. Loan-to-value (LTV) regulation is imposed in order to dampen the housing price cycle, preventing the occurrence of bubble issue. This study tries to capture the influence of LTV implementation on housing price and assesses its effectiveness in the national scope. Error correction model is used to portray the short and long-term dynamics of housing cycle with regard to policy, macroeconomic, and financial variables. We concluded that LTV is an effective policy to dampen the price cycle in the long run, but not in the short run. In the short run, housing price is closely determined by the macroeconomic factors. Furthermore, we found that the implementation of LTV has made housing price to become more persistent, suggesting a change in the market expectation structure and the behavior of housing price cycle.
MOTIVASI PENGEMBANGAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS NABI
Authors: Darlis Ahmad
Published: January 2018

This paper parse comprehensive information about the motivation of the development of science in the perspective of Hadith. Demanding and develop knowledge, 'ulum al-din or 'ulum al-dunya is a mandatory command (faridhah) in the hadith of the prophet. The mastery of both types of science will realize the happiness of the world and the hereafter simultaneously. Therefore, the hadith explains high motivation in this activity. For people who demand and develop science equated God with those who strive. Even their recompense is eternal paradise. In Islam, the development of science simply is not worth anything when it is not able to provide repair of the world and the hereafter. Therefore, the integration of science and charity faith is a necessity that must be integrated. Thus, Allah will raise the degree of the learned and faithful to some degree.
Healthy food procurement and nutrition standards in public facilities: evidence synthesis and consensus policy recommendations
Authors: Raine Kim D. , Atkey Kayla , Olstad Dana Lee , Ferdinands Alexa R. , Beaulieu Dominique , Buhler Susan , Campbell Norm , Cook Brian , L’Abbé Mary , Lederer Ashley , Mowat David , Maharaj Joshna , Nykiforuk Candace , Shelley Jacob , Street Jacqueline
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Unhealthy foods are widely available in public settings across Canada,
contributing to diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity. This is a concern given
that public facilities often provide a significant amount of food for consumption by vulnerable
groups, including children and seniors. Healthy food procurement policies,
which support procuring, distributing, selling, and/or serving healthier foods, have
recently emerged as a promising strategy to counter this public health issue by increasing
access to healthier foods. Although numerous Canadian health and scientific organizations
have recommended such policies, they have not yet been broadly implemented
in Canada.

Methods

To inform further policy action on healthy food procurement in a Canadian
context, we: (1) conducted an evidence synthesis to assess the impact of healthy food
procurement policies on health outcomes and sales, intake, and availability of healthier
food, and (2) hosted a consensus conference in September 2014. The consensus conference
invited experts with public health/nutrition policy research expertise, as well as
health services and food services practitioner experience, to review evidence, share
experiences, and develop a consensus statement/recommendations on healthy food
procurement in Canada.

Results

Findings from the evidence synthesis and consensus recommendations for
healthy food procurement in Canada are described. Specifically, we outline recommendations
for governments, publicly funded institutions, decision-makers and professionals,
citizens, and researchers.

Conclusion

Implementation of healthy food procurement policies can increase
Canadians’ access to healthier foods as part of a broader vision for food policy in
Canada.
Sbírka příkladů z mechaniky tekutin I.
Authors: Klimko Marek , Žitek Pavel , Sedlák Kamil
Published: January 2018

Sbírka příkladů je určena studentům vysokých škol s technickým zaměřením a má sloužit jako podpůrný materiál pro cvičení z předmětu Mechanika tekutin I. Na úvod byl zařazen velmi stručný teoretický přehled základních pojmů a výchozích matematických vztahů, po kterých následují řešené příklady podle jednotlivých kapitol.
Rhythmic and melodic patterns to accompany popular songs using chord symbols and their piano arrangements
Authors: Kuhn Tomáš
Published: January 2018

Publikace mapuje různé druhy klavírní stylizace populárních písní patřící do hudby jazzového okruhu. Je první českou publikací, která systematicky popisuje a předkládá rytmicko-melodické modely určené k doprovodu populárních písní hraných současně s melodií i bez melodie. Text je rozdělen do dvou částí. První blok obsahuje analytickou část, která je zaměřena na hudební teorii z pohledu sledované látky, tj. klavírní fakturu, harmonii, rytmus ad. vážící se ke zkoumanému tématu. Náplň druhé části tvoří typologie rytmicko-melodických modelů a variací vhodných k doprovodům populárních písní.
Development of Science Motivation Scale
Authors: Dogru Mustafa , Gencosman Tuna , Guzeller Cem Oktay , Korumaz Kevser
Published: January 2018

Motivation is the most important factor which affects the academic success of the students. Students who have higher motivation engage more to the class activities. One of the reasons for having negative perspective and low academic success of student in science is that students have low motivation for science lessons. The purpose of the study is developing a scale to show motivation of middle school students towards science lessons. Data used in research gained from two independent study groups. The first study group (N=498) is used to determine the structure of factor of the study. The second study group (N=275) is used to test consistence of model and data. Total number of students in the study group is 773. The expression of the motivation of middle school students is shown with 52 items consisting of 2 sub-dimensions which are internal motivation and external motivation. 12 of these items are negative substances for the motivational elements of the science lessons. According to data obtained from the scales, explanatory and confirmatory factor analyzes were carried out during the process of testing the structural validity of the scale. As a result of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, model which consists of 21 items and 1 factor is appropriate for both theoretically and statistically. Reliability of the scale is examined by Cronbach Alpha coefficient calculated based on the internal consistency of the items and testing again. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency reliability coefficient of the scale is 0.79. Considering the results of reliability, it can be said that the scale has sufficient level of reliability. It can be thought that the scale can show the motivation of the students.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Kuttainen Victoria , Van Luyn Ariella
Published: January 2018

This issue asks, in a world where women are increasingly excluded from citizen participation, is there a new role for resistance through art and literature? For women of the tropics in particular, in what ways can writing, art, and academic work be bold in helping make needed changes? For women more broadly, what does it mean to be bold right now, as oppression intersects race, sex, class, and religion in an increasingly globalising world that is repealing rights and advances?
A Review on Novel Drug Delivery System: Microsponges
Authors: Singh Soumya , Sahu Dherendra
Published: January 2018

Recent research on idealizing drug delivery system which is progressing at a prodigious rate and aims at development of
drug delivery system (DDS), with maximum therapeutic advantages of drug delivery, thus resulting in safe and effective
management of disease. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy
and cost effectiveness of the therapy. New classes of pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals are fueling the rapid evolution
of drug delivery technology. Microsponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitate the
controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to reduce systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous
reactions to active drugs. Microsponge consists of microporous beads loaded with active agent. When applied to the skin,
the microsponge releases its active ingredient on a time mode and also in response to other stimuli (rubbing, temperature,
pH etc.) that are used mostly for topical and recently for oral administration Microsponges are porous, polymeric
microspheres that are mostly used for prolonged topical administration. Microsponges are designed to deliver a
pharmaceutically active ingredient efficiently at minimum dose and also to enhance stability, reduce side effects, and
modify drug release profiles. Microsponges are prepared by several methods utilizing emulsion system or by suspension
polymerization in a liquid–liquid system. The most common emulsion system used is oil-in-water (o/w), with the
microsponges being produced by the emulsion solvent diffusion (ESD) method. Microsponge delivery system (MDS)
can provide increased efficacy for topically active agents with enhanced safety, extended product stability, enhanced
formulation flexibility, reduced side effects and improved aesthetic properties in an efficient and novel manner. In
addition these are non-irritating, non-mutagenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic. The present review introduces
microsponge technology in great detail.
Identifikasi Bijih Besi dengan Metode Geolistrik di Tanah Laut
Authors: Yuliarman Deddy , Wahyono Sri Cahyo , Husain Sadang
Published: January 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian identifikasi bijih besi di Desa Sumber Mulia, Kabupaten Tanah Laut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kedalaman dan sebaran serta kuantitas bijih besi di bawah permukaan tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode geolistrik hambatan jenis konfigurasi dipole-dipole dan karakterisasi X-Ray Flourescence (XRF). Akuisisi data  dilakukan secara mapping menggunakan 3 lintasan yang berjarak 50 m tiap lintasan dengan panjang lintasan 100 m. Hasil pengolahan 3 titik dengan menggunakan software Res2dinv diperoleh nilai resistivitas yang terbaca 50-5992 Ohm.m, dan kedalaman yang diperoleh hingga 8 m. Nilai resistivitas bijih besi yang terbaca pada penampang berkisar antara 1500-4482 Ohm.m. Pada lintasan 1 terdapat beberapa bongkahan bijih besi dengan kedalaman >3 m, di lintasan 2 terdapat 1 bongkahan dengan kedalaman >5 m, sedangkan pada lintasan 3 tidak terdapat bijih besi. Hasil inversi disusun berurutan untuk menentukan arah sebaran, dan didapatkan bijih besi di lokasi penelitian menyebar ke arah Barat Daya. Sampel bijih besi diambil di setiap lintasan, untuk dilakukan karakterisasi XRF. Secara umum dapat ditemukan penyusun utama bijih besi adalah unsur logam, dimana unsur Fe merupakan penyusun utamanya dengan kuantitas rata-rata 98,58%.
Pengaruh NaClO2 terhadap Membran Nanofiber Polisulfon dengan Metode Electrospinning
Authors: Fauji Najmudin , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Triyana Kuwat
Published: January 2018

Polisulfon merupakan polimer termoplastik yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan membran karena ketangguhan dan stabilitasnya pada suhu tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini, dibuat membran polisulfon kosentrasi 20% dengan metode electrospinning. Selanjutnya pada larutan polisulfon konsentrasi 20% dilakukan penambahan NaClO2 0,015 gram, 0,020 gram, dan 0,030 gram. Material-material pada membran tersebut diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan FTIR, sedangkan morfologi permukaan membran diamati dengan SEM. Hasil spektrum FTIR menunjukkan tidak adanya ikatan pada penambahan NaClO2. Ini berarti, tidak terjadi perubahan sifat pada membran sebelum dan setelah ditambahkan NaClO2. Diameter fiber membran polisulfon konsentrasi 20% dengan penambahan NaClO2 0,015 gram mengalami perubahan menjadi lebih kecil dari diameter fiber membran polisulfon konsentrasi 20%. Diameter membran polisulfon 20% memiliki diameter rata-rata nanofiber (801±185) nm, sedangkan diameter membran polisulfon 20% dengan penambahan NaClO2 0,015 gram memiliki diameter rata-rata nanofiber (252±57) nm. Ini berarti penambahan NaClO2 pada larutan polisulfon 20% berpengaruh pada perubahan diameter. Pada membran polisulfon 20% dengan penambahan NaClO2 0,020 gram dan 0,030 gram tidak terbentuk membran (hanya terbentuk spray).
Fabrikasi dan Analisis Kualitas Papan Komposit Semen Berbobot Ringan Berbasis Ijuk
Authors: Wardani Wulan Kusuma , Malino Mariana B. , Asri Asifa
Published: January 2018

Penelitian untuk fabrikasi dan analisis kualitas papan komposit semen berbobot ringan berbasis ijuk telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk fabrikasi papan komposit semen berbobot ringan dan analisis komposisi ijuk dan semen yang optimum ditinjau dari bobot, densitas, daya serap air (DSA) dan sifat mekanis. Komposisi papan komposit yang difabrikasi terdiri atas semen sebagai filler, ijuk sebagai matriks, aditif CaCl2 sebagai katalis dan air. Papan komposit dibuat dalam 6 variasi dengan perbandingan fraksi massa antara ijuk dan semen, yaitu 1:1, 1,5:1, 2:1, 2,5:1, 3:1, 3,5:1. Aditif CaCl2 yang digunakan sebanyak 15% dari massa total semen. Hasil dan metode pengujian papan komposit mengacu pada standarisasi ASTM C 1185. Nilai optimum diperoleh pada papan komposit semen komposisi 1,5:1 dengan densitas  sebesar 1,89 g/cm3, DSA sebesar 7,34%, modulus of rupture (MOR) sebesar 10,03 MPa dan modulus of elasticity (MOE) sebesar 3,2 GPa. Semakin tinggi densitas semakin rendah DSA papan komposit semen. Bobot papan komposit semen berbasis ijuk yang optimum lebih ringan 20% dari papan komposit semen komersil. Nilai densitas, DSA, dan MOR semuanya memenuhi standarisasi ASTM C 1186.
Photothermal Circular Dichroism Induced by Plasmon Resonances in Chiral Metamaterial Absorbers and Bolometers
Authors: Kong Xiang-Tian , Khorashad Larousse Khosravi , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander O.
Published: January 2018

Chiral photochemistry remains a challenge because of the very small asymmetry in the chiro-optical absorption of molecular species. However, we think that the rapidly developing fields of plasmonic chirality and plasmon-induced circular dichroism demonstrate very strong chiro-optical effects and have the potential to facilitate the development of chiral photochemistry and other related applications such as chiral separation and sensing. In this study, we propose a new type of chiral spectroscopy – photothermal circular dichroism. It is already known that the planar plasmonic superabsorbers can be designed to exhibit giant circular dichroism signals in the reflection. Therefore, upon illumination with chiral light, such planar metastructures should be able to generate a strong asymmetry in their local temperatures. Indeed, we demonstrate this chiral photothermal effect using a chiral plasmonic absorber. Calculated temperature maps show very strong photothermal circular dichroism. One of the structures computed in this paper could serve as a chiral bolometer sensitive to circularly polarized light. Overall, this chiro-optical effect in plasmonic metamaterials is much greater than the equivalent effect in any chiral molecular system or plasmonic bio-assembly. Potential applications of this effect are in polarization-sensitive surface photochemistry and chiral bolometers.
Betawi Traditional Culinary; Reflection The History Of Jakarta (Formerly Known As Batavia)
Authors: UNTARI Dhian Tyas , AVENZORA Ricky , DARUSMAN Dudung , PRIHATNO Joko , ARIEF Harnios
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Betawi is a native of Jakarta where once known as Batavia. The concept of modern society in Jakarta, shifting the traditional value of Betawi. So it is important to study about Betawi culinary; as a Betawi cultural product.  Research have the Two phases. The first phase to analyzing the potentials and the functions of Betawi Traditional Cuisines; have using secondary data and the second is to analyzing as well as testing the culinary socio-cultural representation in the community of the Special Capital District of Jakarta using the primary data. Geographically, the respondents will be taken from the five administrative areas of the Special Capital District of Jakarta (330 respondents in total). The assessment aspects in the representation test include; knowledge, uniqueness, originality, social value, distribution, sensitivity and seasonality
THE STUDENTS’ WRITING PROFICIENCY IN DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH WITH PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH
Authors: Asmayanti St , Hajaruddin Ardi
Published: January 2018

The objective of the research was intended to find out the students improvement of writing the descriptive paragraph in term of organization and content; to explain whether or not using personal photograph can increase the students’ writing in the descriptive paragraph. This research used Classroom Action Research that consisted of two cycles. The research population was the second-grade students of SMA Negeri 1Cendanain academic 2014/2015. The sample of this research consisted of 23 students. The instrument used for measuring the students' ability scoring the student was a written test. The findings of the research were (1) the students’ sentence organization  achievement was increased 3,6% from pretest to cycle 1 and was increased 8,8% from cycle 1 to cycle 2. (2) the students’ sentence content achievement was increased 4,3% from pretest to cycle 1 and was increased 8,9% from cycle 1 to cycle 2. From the finding of the research, it indicated that using personal photograph can increase the students’ writing proficiency.
Facilitating Transfer of Training in NZ and Samoan Student Teachers
Authors: McDonald Lex , Tufue-Dolgoy Rasela
Published: January 2018

Initial teacher education is a complex multifaceted process with one of the pivotal components being transfer of the training.  In the past, minimal attention has been given to how teacher educators interact with student teachers to facilitate implementation of ideas in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to explore teacher educators’ knowledge of transfer of training as an approach to assisting student teachers achieve outcomes in the classroom. It was an exploratory qualitative study and 16 teacher educators (10 New Zealanders and 5 Samoan) were interviewed. The findings from the two sets of educators were similar but a few differences were noted. The teacher educators understood transfer as an important concept and practice involving a set of key players. They could not specifically link their practice to transfer theories, strategies or a strategic framework for implementation. Knowledge of transfer effectiveness and the means of evaluating its occurrence were largely unknown as was the literature on transfer barriers. Nevertheless, most could relate their approach to a transfer process and report successes but it was concluded that they were largely uninformed by the transfer of training literature. Implications for practice and the need for future research were outlined.
Wittgenstein y la hipótesis del espectro visual invertido
Authors: Almagro Holgado Manuel
Published: January 2018

Un caso de inversión peligrosa del espectro visual es aquél en el que dos personas tienen impresiones visuales distintas cuando ven el mismo objeto y sin embargo coinciden al afirmar que el objeto es, por ejemplo, rojo. De acuerdo con Ned Block, si los casos de inversión del espectro visual son concebibles, entonces puede construirse un argumento a favor de la existencia de los qualia: si dos sujetos tienen distintas impresiones visuales, entonces deben estar diciendo cosas distintas cuando profieren "esto es rojo" al describir su modo de ver el mismo objeto. Según Block, Wittgenstein se comprometió con la posibilidad de un tipo de inversión del espectro visual que permite defender la existencia de los qualia y, sin embargo, Wittgenstein parece oponerse a la idea de los qualia, luego hay una incoherencia en su pensamiento. Nuestra tesis en este trabajo es que el argumento de Block no es un problema para la posición de Wittgenstein con respecto al significado de los términos relativos a la percepción y que tal incoherencia en su pensamiento es solo aparente.  TITLE: Wittgenstein and the Inverted Spectrum HypothesisABSTRACTA case of dangerous inverted spectrum is that one in which two subjects have different impressions when they see the same object and both claim, for example, that the object is red. According to Ned Block, if cases of dangerous inverted spectrum are conceivable, then we can offer an argument in favour of existence of qualia: two subjects with inverted spectrum don’t mean the same when they utter that the object is red. According to Block, Wittgenstein accepted the possibility of a kind of case of inverted spectrum that allows to defend the existence of qualia, and nevertheless Wittgenstein seems to be opposed to the idea of qualia. There is thus, it seems, an incoherence in the Wittgensteinian thought. Our thesis in this paper is that Wittgensteinian’ discussion about the inverted spectrum hypothesis is a particular discussion about the grammar of perceptual terms that pretends to show the irrelevance of our sensations in determining the meaning of perceptual terms. From this interpretation, the discussion of a case of inverted spectrum does not mean the commitment with the possibility of that case, and then such incoherence on Wittgenstein’ thought is only apparent.