bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affect Regulation Capabilities in Hypermobility Ehlers Danlos Syndrome: Exploring the Associations with Pain Perception and Psychophysical Health
Authors: Camerota Filippo , Mariani Rachele , Petronelli Giada , Rabissi Beatriz , Vizzini Marta Anna Stella , Di Trani Michela , Roselli Valentina , Pasquini Massimo , Renzi Alessia , Celletti Claudia
Published: February 2025

Background: Hypermobility Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is a clinical condition characterized by hypermobility and tissue fragility and is associated with chronic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between affect regulation, pain perception, and psychophysical dimensions as well as alexithymic characteristics in the pathological range. Methods: Twenty-five hEDS patients completed a socio-anamnestic questionnaire as well as the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the 36-Item Short Form Survey (psychophysical health), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (affect regulation). Results: Correlational analysis showed several negative significant associations between the SF-36, DERS, and TAS-20. The BPI showed few significant associations with both affect regulation measures. Moreover, a relationship between psychological dimensions and the time since diagnosis emerged. A total of 28% of participants reported TAS-20 scores in the clinical range and 36% reported scores in the borderline area. Discussion: Patients with hEDS seem to show high alexithymia levels; pain seems to interfere with the practical aspects of daily life and may reduce an individual’s awareness of their emotional capabilities. The perception of heightened pain has a stronger impact on emotional resources when it interferes with affective life than when it interferes with practical life. Finally, delayed diagnoses of hEDS entail psychological consequences such as alexithymia. Conclusions: The present findings highlight the importance of promoting affect regulation capabilities through the implementation of psychological intervention programs for patients suffering from this medical condition.
KEPPRA: Key Epilepsy Prognostic Parameters with Radiomics in Acute Subdural Hematoma Before Craniotomy
Authors: Guranda Alexandru , Richter Antonia , Wach Johannes , Güresir Erdem , Vychopen Martin
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is associated with a high risk of epilepsy, a complication linked to poor outcomes. Craniotomy is a known risk factor, with an epilepsy incidence of approximately 25%. This study evaluated radiomic features from preoperative CT scans to predict epilepsy risk in aSDH patients undergoing craniotomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 178 adult aSDH patients treated between 2016 and 2022 identified 64 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Radiomic features (e.g., Feret diameter, elongation, flatness, surface area, and volume) from preoperative CT scans within 24 h of surgery were analyzed alongside clinical factors, including cardiac comorbidities, pupillary response, SOFA score, age, and anticoagulation status. Results: Of the 64 patients, 18 (28%) developed generalized seizures. Univariate analysis showed significant associations with Feret diameter (p = 0.045), elongation (p = 0.005), cardiac comorbidities (p = 0.017), and SOFA score (p = 0.036). ROC analysis showed excellent discriminatory ability for elongation (AUC = 0.82). Multivariate analysis identified elongation as an independent predictor (p = 0.003); elongation ≥ 1.45 increased seizure risk 7.78-fold (OR = 7.778; 95% CI = 1.969–30.723). Conclusions: Radiomic features, particularly elongation, may help predict epilepsy risk in aSDH patients undergoing craniotomy. Prospective validation is needed.
Social Understanding and Friendships in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Dyslexia
Authors: Kouvava Sofia , Antonopoulou Katerina , Kokkinos Constantinos M. , Ralli Asimina M.
Published: February 2025

Social understanding relies upon children’s experience of the world and their communicative interaction with others. Opportunities to engage in cooperative social interaction, such as friendships, can foster the development of social understanding. Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia often have friendships of poorer quality. The present study examined relationships and differences in social understanding and friendship quality in children with ADHD or dyslexia, in comparison to neurotypically developing children (NTD). Participants were 192 primary-school students (Mage = 9.77, SD = 1.21) from Attica, Greece. Social understanding was measured with second-order and advanced theory of mind (ToM) tasks, and the Bryant’s Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents, while friendships were examined with the Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Children with ADHD scored significantly lower across all positive characteristics of friendship quality, empathy and advanced ToM than those with dyslexia, who in turn scored significantly lower than NTD children. Moreover, children with ADHD performed significantly worse in the second-order ToM tasks compared to children with NTD or dyslexia, while NTD children scored significantly lower in the friendship conflict betrayal subscale compared to both ADHD and dyslexia groups. Multiple regression analyses controlling for learning disability status, gender, and age showed that ToM and perceived empathy predict friendship quality characteristics in all groups of children. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of children’s friendship relationships and give insight to parents and professionals involved in children’s education, provision, and mental health care.
How People Manage Relationship Problems: An Exploratory Study in the Greek Cultural Context
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos , Samara Anthi , Lajunen Timo Juhani
Published: February 2025

Problems frequently arise in intimate relationships, and people need to find ways to manage them if they want their relationships to continue. The purpose of the current research was to identify the strategies that people use to manage relationship problems, employing a mixed-methods approach, specifically, in a sample of 224 Greek-speaking participants. Study 1 employed qualitative research methods and identified 93 actions that people perform to manage relationship problems. Study 2 employed quantitative research methods in a sample of 526 Greek-speaking participants and classified these actions into three main strategies. The most likely to be used main strategy was “Solve the problem”, where participants attempted to solve the problem by discussing and negotiating it with their partners, making compromises, improving physical intimacy, and avoiding acting in the heat of the moment. The second most likely to be used main strategy was “External input”, where participants aimed to obtain advice and support from others, including friends, relatives, and psychologists. The least likely to be used strategy was “Avoid the problem”, where participants attempted to manage their problems by ignoring or avoiding them. Participants indicated that they were likely to use a combination of strategies to manage their problems. Men and women were generally in agreement over which strategy to use, while age effects were found for several strategies.
Τhe Greek Version of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI) and MM-CGI Short Form (MM-CGI-SF): An Examination of Their Psychometric Properties in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia Before Death
Authors: Tsigkou Efthymia , Tsironi Konstantina Athina , Papantoniou Georgia , Sofologi Maria , Kougioumtzis Georgios , Katsouri Ioanna Giannoula , Moraitou Despina , Tsolaki Magda
Published: February 2025

Family caregivers of dementia patients experience grief, not only after the death of the patient, but also during the course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version (full and short) of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MM-CGI and MM-CGI Short Form) before death in a sample of Greek caregivers of persons with dementia. In particular, the study attempts to test the internal consistency reliability as well as the structural and convergent validity of the inventory. The inventory was administered to 515 family caregivers (offsprings and spouses) along with a socio-demographic information form, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) exploratively to a subset of dementia patients cared for by survey participants. The application of confirmatory factor analyses revealed a slightly different structure of the Greek version of the MM-CGI, but they fully verified the structure of the Greek version of the MM-CGI-SF. Both the internal consistency reliability and the convergent validity of the subscales of the Greek version of the MM-CGI-SF were good. The findings of the present study indicate that the short version of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory is a reliable and valid tool for the early assessment of aspects of grief among the Greek population of family caregivers of dementia patients, in order to potentiate the prevention of their depression and anxiety.
Public Health Advocacy in Times of Pandemic: An Analysis of the Medicare-For-All Debate on Twitter During COVID-19
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Meher Shreyas , Zhang Pengfei
Published: February 2025

COVID-19 has reinvigorated the policy debate for a universal healthcare system, attracting much attention on social media. In this paper, we study the online discourse of Medicare-For-All before and after COVID-19 by examining the Twitter feeds of two opposing health advocacy groups—Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP) and Partnership for America’s Healthcare Future (P4AHCF). Our empirical results show a sharp contrast between the two interest groups’ communication strategies. PNHP showed a consistent narrative before and after the onset of COVID-19 on 11 March 2020, marked by personalized stories, references to diverse demographic groups, and a growing number of Medicare-For-All tweets. In contrast, P4AHCF showed more scientific terminology and data-centric tweets and had an inconsistent narrative with a sudden surge in positive sentiments and a complete silence on Medicare-For-All right after 11 March. The difference in communication strategies is consequential. PNHP has higher engagement with Twitter users and is more adaptive to a pandemic narrative than P4AHCF. We discuss how distinctive social media strategies can be explained by the groups’ different audiences and resources. The findings add to our understanding of healthcare advocacy campaigns on social media and the implication of a pandemic for health policy reform.
Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral–Emotional Regulation Questionnaire in Peruvian Adults (BERQ-PA)
Authors: López-Odar Dennis , Aguirre-Morales Marivel , Cirilo-Acero Ingrid , Hervias-Guerra Edmundo , Vara-Horna Arístides , Deza-Villanueva Sabina
Published: February 2025

Behavioral and cognitive regulation of emotions is crucial for adaptation and mental health. Measuring it with valid and reliable instruments is essential, especially in Peru. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian version of the Behavioral Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire (BERQ-PA) in a sample of 403 adults from Lima, aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 32.3, SD = 10.1; 65.8% women). Participants completed the BERQ-PA, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the validity of the internal structure. The BERQ-PA scores were correlated with those of the ERQ and GHQ-28 to check concurrent and convergent validity. Reliability was established by internal consistency analysis, and factorial invariance according to sex was evaluated using a multigroup CFA. The CFA confirmed the original five-factor model; however, two items had factor loadings lower than 0.40. For this reason, an alternative five-factor, 18-item model was evaluated that showed optimal fit indices (S-Bχ2 = 299, df = 125, χ2/df = 2.39, CFI = 0.959, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.048 [90% CI: 0.039–0.057], SRMR = 0.069). The alpha and omega coefficients of the five subscales were greater than 0.70, confirming reliability. The correlations between the BERQ, ERQ, and GHQ-28 subscales evidenced convergent and concurrent validity. Factorial invariance according to sex was confirmed. The BERQ-PA is a valid and reliable measure of the behavioral regulation of emotions, standing out for its usefulness for research, psychological assessment, and the assessment of interventions in the Peruvian context.
Porous Polysulfone/Activated Carbon Capsules as Scaffolds for Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: Olkiewicz Magdalena , Montornes Josep M. , Garcia-Valls Ricard , Gulaczyk Iwona , Tylkowski Bartosz
Published: February 2025

Enzymes play a vital role in various industrial sectors and are essential components of many products. Hybrid enzyme-polymeric capsules were developed using polysulfone-activated carbon capsules as scaffolds. The polysulfone-activated carbon capsules with an average diameter of 2.55 mm were fabricated by applying a phase inversion precipitation method. An increase in the amount of immobilized enzymes was observed with growth of activated carbon amount in polysulfone matrix. Enzyme immobilization was confirmed by the Bradford method, while Viscozyme® L activity in carboxymethyl cellulose hydrolysis to glucose was measured by the Reducing Sugar DNS method. The recycling of the hybrid Viscozyme® L-polysulfone/activated carbon capsules, and their reuse for subsequent cellulose hydrolysis was investigated and demonstrated repeatability of results.
Boosting the Optical Activity of Titanium Oxide Through Conversion from Nanoplates to Nanotubes and Nanoparticle-Supported Nanolayers
Authors: Alshoaibi Adil
Published: February 2025

The nano-architecture of titanium oxide is a key element of a wide range of applications, mainly optical and catalytic activities. Therefore, the current study focuses on engineering and designing three interesting nanostructures of titanium oxides: nanoplates, nanotubes, and nanoparticle-supported nanolayers. The nanoplates of titanium oxides were prepared and confirmed by TEM images, X-ray diffraction, and EDX analysis. These nanoplates have an anatase phase, with the distance across the corners in the range of 15 nm. These nanoplates were modified and developed through a rolling process with sodium doping to generate the Na-doped TiO2 nanotubes. These nanotubes were observed by TEM images and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the doping process of titanium oxides with sodium was confirmed by EDX analysis. A novel nano-architecture of titanium oxide was designed by supporting titanium oxide nanoparticles over Zn/Al nanolayers. The optical properties and activity of titanium oxides with the different morphologies indicated that titanium oxides became a highly photo-active photocatalyst after conversion to nanotubes. This finding was observed through the reduction in the band gap energy to 2.7 eV. Additionally, after 37 min of exposure to UV light, the titanium oxide nanotubes totally broke down and transformed the green dye of NGB into carbon dioxide and water. Furthermore, the kinetic analysis verified that the green dyes’ degradation was expedited by the high activity of nanotubes. Ultimately, based on these findings, it was possible to design an efficient photocatalyst for water purification by converting nanoplates into nanotubes, doping titanium sites with sodium ions, and creating new active sites for titanium oxides through defect-induced super radical formation.
Exploring Causal Network Complexity in Industrial Linkages: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ding Yongmei , Huang Chao , Feng Xubo
Published: February 2025

Industrial linkages play a crucial role in sustaining industrial agglomerations, driving economic growth, and shaping the spatial architecture of economic systems. This study explores the complexity of causal networks within the industrial ecosystems of China and the United States, using high-frequency economic data to compare the interdependencies and causal structures across key sectors. By employing the partial cross mapping (PCM) technique, we capture the dynamic interactions and intricate linkages among industries, providing a detailed analysis of inter-industry causality. Utilizing data from 32 Chinese industries and 11 United States industries spanning 2015 to 2023, our findings reveal that the United States, as a global leader in technology and finance, exhibits a diversified and service-oriented industrial structure, where financial and technology sectors are pivotal to economic propagation. In contrast, China’s industrial network shows higher centrality in heavy industries and manufacturing sectors, underscoring its focus on industrial output and export-led growth. A comparative analysis of the network topology and resilience highlights that China’s industrial structure enhances network stability and interconnectivity, fostering robust inter-industry linkages, whereas the limited nodal points in the United States network constrain its resilience. These insights into causal network complexity offer a comprehensive perspective on the structural dynamics and resilience of the economic systems in both countries.
Bridging Mathematical Modelling and Education for Sustainable Development in Pre-Service Primary Teacher Education
Authors: Bulut Neslihan , Borromeo Ferri Rita
Published: February 2025

This study examined the impact of a teacher training programme combining Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and Mathematical Modelling (MM) on pre-service primary mathematics teachers’ (PSTs) understanding of sustainability and its integration into mathematics education. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered through pre- and post-test questionnaires and qualitative reflections. The results showed a significant improvement in PSTs’ knowledge of sustainability after the training. Key themes included the development of mathematical modelling competence and an increased understanding of sustainability topics and the importance of critical thinking. Participants also emphasized the importance of lifelong learning, openness to change, and acquiring the necessary didactic skills for creating ESD–modelling tasks. Additionally, the study found that PSTs’ personal behaviours shifted toward sustainability, with a focus on responsible consumption, water conservation, and climate action, aligning with various Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The seminar addressed all 17 SDGs, however, in the post-test questionnaire, participants most frequently provided examples related to SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). It recommended a stronger emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches, targeting underrepresented SDGs, and challenging existing beliefs that restrict sustainability integration in subjects like mathematics. Mathematical modelling activities were highlighted as a key tool for integrating sustainability concepts into mathematics lessons.
New Dawn in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advanced Insight into Polymer Hydrogel Research
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Jinyang , Ren Fazhan , Zhang Jiale , Song Wei , Ren Lili
Published: February 2025

As a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not only damages joints and other organs or systems throughout the body but also torments patients’ physical and mental health for a long time, seriously affecting their quality of life. According to incomplete statistics at present, the global prevalence of RA is approximately 0.5–1%, and the number of patients is increasing year by year. Currently, drug therapies are usually adopted for the treatment of RA, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids/steroids, and so on. However, traditional drug therapy has problems such as long half-lives, long treatment cycles requiring frequent drug administration, lack of specificity, and other possible adverse reactions (such as gastrointestinal side effects, skin stratum corneum barrier damage, and systemic toxicity), which greatly restrict the treatment of RA. In order to improve the limitations of traditional drug, physical, and surgical treatments for RA, a large number of related studies on the treatment of RA have been carried out. Among them, hydrogels have been widely used in the research on the treatment of RA due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and general adaptability. For example, hydrogels can be injected into the synovial cavity of joints as synovial fluid to reduce wear between joints, lubricate joints, and avoid synovial surface degradation. This article reviews the applications of hydrogels in the treatment of RA under different functions and the situation of hydrogels as carriers in the treatment of RA through different drug delivery routes and confirms the outstanding potential of hydrogels as drug carriers in the treatment of RA, which has great research significance.
Expanding the Clinical Spectrum Associated with the Recurrent Arg203Trp Variant in PACS1: An Italian Cohort Study
Authors: Pagano Stefano , Lopergolo Diego , De Falco Alessandro , Meossi Camilla , Satolli Sara , Pasquariello Rosa , Trovato Rosanna , Tessa Alessandra , Casalini Claudia , Pfanner Lucia , Astrea Guja , Battini Roberta , Santorelli Filippo M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Schuurs–Hoeijmakers syndrome (SHMS), also known as PACS1 neurodevelopmental disorder, is a rare condition characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial abnormalities, and congenital malformations. SHMS has already been associated with variants in the PACS1 gene in 63 patients. In this study, we describe 10 new Italian SHMS patients all harboring the common de novo p.(Arg203Trp) variant. Methods: The 10 patients we studied were evaluated by clinical geneticists and child neurologists and a detailed description of clinical features was recorded. Data were then coded using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms. The recurrent p.(Arg203Trp) variant in PACS1 was identified by clinical exome sequencing or whole exome sequencing in trio using standard methodologies. To facilitate mutation identification, we designed a new PCR-RFLP strategy adopting the endonuclease DpnII. Results: We define a detailed clinical phenotyping in patients with intellectual disability and facial characteristics (thick eyebrows, down-slanting palpebral fissures, ocular hypertelorism, low-set ears, a thin upper lip, and a wide mouth) that can help clinicians form a more efficient diagnosis of SHMS even through neuroimaging and neuropsychological evaluation. Conclusions: Our series of 10 newly affected Italian children highlights specific clinical features that may help clinicians recognize and better manage this syndrome, contributing to precision medicine approaches in medical genetics.
Comparative Study of Oxidative Stress Responses in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes and Transient Hyperglycemia
Authors: Pinzaru Anca Daniela , Lupu Ancuta , Chisnoiu Tatiana , Baciu Ginel , Baciu Alexandru Paul , Baciu Carmen , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Chirila Sergiu , Panculescu Florin Gabriel , Catrinoiu Doina , Cambrea Simona Claudia , Stoicescu Ramona Mihaela , Mihai Cristina Maria
Published: February 2025

Hyperglycemia significantly initiates oxidative stress in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This study investigates the differences in oxidative stress markers between pediatric patients with T1DM and those experiencing transient hyperglycemia. In this case–control study, 42 children diagnosed with T1DM, according to ISPAD (International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes), and their healthy counterparts, aged 1–6 years old, participated. Blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). There was no statistically significant association found between the A1c % and age, BMI, and insulin dose (p > 0.05). A negative correlation was found between Se, Zn, cholesterol, GSH, and GPx (p < 0.05), as well as a statistically meaningful positive correlation with the A1c % (p < 0.001). GSH exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation (p < 0.001) with diabetic group. In comparison to control participants, plasma MDA levels (1.3 ± 0.36 µmol/L) had already increased significantly. MDA did correlate in a diabetic group with triglyceride levels (p > 0.0001) or total cholesterol. In the healthy group, the cholesterol levels were normal and apparently did not influence MDA levels. The oxidative state remained unchanged in the healthy participants experiencing temporary hyperglycemia, even though T1DM altered the link between selenium, zinc, and lipids.
Semi-Supervised Relation Extraction Corpus Construction and Models Creation for Under-Resourced Languages: A Use Case for Slovene
Authors: Knez Timotej , Štravs Miha , Žitnik Slavko
Published: February 2025

The goal of relation extraction is to recognize head and tail entities in a document and determine a relation between them. While a lot of progress was made in solving automated relation extraction in widely used languages such as English, the use of these methods for under-resourced languages and domains is limited due to the lack of training data. In this work, we present a pipeline using distant supervision for constructing a relation extraction corpus in an arbitrary language. The corpus construction combines Wikipedia documents in the target language with relations in the WikiData knowledge graph. We demonstrate the process by constructing a new corpus for relation extraction in the Slovene language. Our corpus captures 20 unique relation types. The final corpus contains 811,032 relations annotated in 244,437 sentences. We use the corpus to train models using three architectures and evaluate them on the task of Slovene relation extraction. We achieve comparable performance to approaches on English data.
Optimizing Patent Prior Art Search: An Approach Using Patent Abstract and Key Terms
Authors: Ali Amna , Humayun Mohammad Ali , Silva Liyanage Chandratilak De , Abas Pg Emeroylariffion
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of technology has led to a sustained accumulation of patent documents globally, as newly filed applications add to an ever-expanding repository of prior art. The need for innovation and progress within the patent system underscores the significance of robust patent investigation, which includes prior art searches. The swift expansion of the patent arena poses challenges for experts employing conventional qualitative practices to handle the increasing quantitative needs. In this study, we propose a novel method to enhance patent prior art search through the integration of advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Our approach leverages the abstract and top terms of patent documents to generate a unique set of labelled databases. This database is then utilized to train Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) for patents, enabling domain-specific prior art searches. Testing our method on the Google Public Patent Database yielded an improved F1 score of 0.94 on the testing data. Not only does our method demonstrate superior accuracy compared to baseline approaches, but it also exhibits enhanced computational efficiency. The refined prior art search promises to provide valuable assistance to specialists in their decision-making processes, offering insightful analyses and relevant information that can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of their judgments.
Lobesia botrana Infestation in Petit Verdot and Sangiovese: A Comparative Study
Authors: Corsi Lorenzo , Sperandio Giorgio , Ruschioni Sara , Ramilli Fabio , Lattanzi Tania , Silvestroni Oriana , Riolo Paola
Published: February 2025

The European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana), a significant pest in viticulture, impacts grape quality and yield through larval feeding and secondary infections. This study examined the impact of L. botrana on two grape varieties, Petit Verdot and Sangiovese, while also investigating cultivar-specific traits. Field trials were conducted in central Italy to assess infestation levels, female population abundance, and cultivar-specific morphological traits. The results revealed significantly lower larval infestation levels, but higher female abundance in Petit Verdot compared to Sangiovese. Bunch density and bunch compactness were also significantly lower in Petit Verdot than in Sangiovese. Morphological traits, such as a greater canopy thickness and higher leaf layer number in Petit Verdot, did not correspond to increased infestation levels, challenging existing findings regarding the impact of sun exposure on female oviposition and larval settlement. The seasonal dynamics of L. botrana indicated three major adult flight peaks and a partial fourth peak, potentially influenced by local weather patterns. These findings highlight the critical role of cultivar-specific traits in shaping pest infestation dynamics and provide essential insights for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, particularly in cultivar selection and monitoring protocols for sustainable viticulture.
Impact of Admission Ward on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bartal Carmi , Hilu Ranin , Alsana Hadel , Peles Ido , Tsaban Gal , Merkin Miri , Rosenstein Gabriel , El-Nasasra Aref , Shmueli Hezzy , Abramowitz Yigal , Cafri Carlos , Zagher Doron , Koifman Edward
Published: February 2025

Background: Patients presenting with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often admitted to medical wards. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the admitting department on long-term outcomes. Methods: Patients admitted to a large tertiary center were categorized according to the admission ward, either the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) or internal medicine department (IMD). We compared major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization, along with the individual components of MACE, between the two groups during a long-term follow-up. Results: A total of 11,779 NSTEMI patients were included, with 4522 admitted to the ICCU and 7257 to the department of internal medicine. Patients admitted to the ICCU had lower systolic blood pressure, higher troponin levels and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared to those in the IMD group, indicating greater initial clinical severity. Although patients admitted to the ICCU experienced a significantly higher rate of in-hospital complications, there were no significant differences in the incidence of in-hospital deaths between the two groups. During 5-year follow-up, NSTEMI patients initially admitted to the ICCU had significantly lower rates of mortality and MACEs. The estimated hazard ratio for 5-year MACE and 5-year mortality rates for NSTEMI patients admitted to the IMD vs. those admitted to the ICCU were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.04–3.34) and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.10–4.38), respectively. Conclusions: NSTEMI patients admitted to the ICCU experienced lower long-term mortality and MACE rates. These findings support the management of NSTEMI patients in cardiac wards and warrant further research into the reasons for the improved outcome.
Tinnitus and Its Comorbidities: A Comprehensive Analysis of Their Relationships
Authors: Maihoub Stefani , Mavrogeni Panayiota , Molnár Viktória , Molnár András
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the demographic and clinical features of tinnitus individuals and analyse its correlation with associated comorbidities. Methods: The study population comprised 147 participants (66 men, 81 women; median age: 52 years) who experienced persistent tinnitus. Comprehensive assessments were carried out, including audiological examinations, scoring using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and thorough medical evaluations. Statistical analyses were applied to explore the correspondences between tinnitus, hearing loss, and various comorbidities, including cardiovascular conditions, metabolic disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Results: The analysis indicated a slight predominance of females, comprising 55.1% of the participants, with a median onset of tinnitus around the age of 50. Chronic tinnitus was noted, lasting approximately 46 months. Hearing loss was noted in 52.4% of patients, with bilateral tinnitus being the most prevalent type, affecting 44.2% of individuals. Dyslipidaemia was found to significantly predict bilateral tinnitus (p = 0.003*) and left-sided tinnitus (p = 0.023*). Additionally, atherosclerosis was associated with hearing impairment (p = 0.006*) and right-sided tinnitus (p = 0.044*). Dyslipidaemia was also significantly correlated with elevated intensity values (p = 0.04*). Furthermore, atherosclerosis was significantly associated with higher levels of hearing loss (p < 0.00001*). Conclusions: The study emphasises the complex nature of tinnitus and its links to cardiovascular, metabolic, and other comorbidities, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive, interdisciplinary management.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Use in Fat Embolism Syndrome: Current Perspectives and Clinical Insights (A 20-Year Review)
Authors: Al Bshabshe Ali , Mousa Wesam F. , Nor El-Dein Nashwa , Mousa Mohamed W.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but serious complication that may arise after long bone fractures, characterized by fat globules entering the bloodstream and causing multi-organ dysfunction, particularly respiratory failure. While initial treatment focuses on supportive care including oxygen therapy, fluid management, and hemodynamic stabilization, severe cases may require advanced life support, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of ECMO in managing severe cases of FES with refractory hypoxemia and hemodynamic instability by analyzing patient outcomes. Methods: This mini-review explores the role of ECMO in managing FES by analyzing published case reports from the first documented case in 2004 and reviewing the broader literature. By examining the physiological principles, clinical applications, and reported outcomes of ECMO in FES, we aim to provide insights into its potential benefits and limitations. Results: A total of 12 case reports were identified and evaluated for eligibility. All 12 cases met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. These cases involved patients who had FES-related refractory hypoxemia and required ECMO support. Conclusions: Our analysis of case reports presents supportive evidence that incorporating ECMO into the management of FES serves as a crucial bridge to recovery for patients who do not respond to conventional therapies.
New Diseases Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): An Overview
Authors: Crea Pasquale , Cocuzza Federica , Bonanno Salvatore , Ferrara Nicola , Teresi Lucio , La Maestra Diego , Bellocchi Paolo , Micari Antonino , Moncada Alice , Micari Antonio , Di Bella Gianluca , Dattilo Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

The widespread use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) has transformed the management of cardiac arrhythmias, improving survival and quality of life for millions. However, this progress has introduced a range of device-related complications, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review examines “new diseases” linked to CIEDs, categorizing them into physical (e.g., infections, venous obstruction, lead failure, and device recalls) and functional complications (e.g., arrhythmias, pacemaker syndrome, and left ventricular dysfunction). Prevention and management strategies are emphasized. Emerging technologies, such as leadless devices, quadripolar leads, and remote monitoring systems, hold promise in reducing risks and enhancing patient care. Future directions include integrating artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring, improving device durability, and exploring novel materials to minimize infections and mechanical failures. Understanding CIED-related complications is essential for healthcare providers to balance the benefits and risks of these life-saving technologies.
Foliar Fungal Endophyte Communities of Scottish Plantation Pines
Authors: Jones Amanda L. , Taylor Joanne E. , Ennos Richard A.
Published: February 2025

The diversity of foliar fungal endophyte communities was examined in three economically and ecologically important pine species in Scotland: Scots pine, Corsican pine and lodgepole pine. Two plantation sites comprising all three species were selected in climatically contrasting parts of Scotland and were sampled in late spring by collecting healthy needles from two age classes. Surface sterilisation was carried out before obtaining cultures of fungal isolates, and representatives of common sterile morphotypes were sequenced to determine taxonomic placement. Overall relative proportions of the dominant taxa across sites, tree species and needle age classes were as follows: Anthostomella spp. (52%), Lophodermium seditiosum (17%) and Desmazierella acicola (7%). Many other less frequent taxa were recovered. The results agreed with previous endophyte studies in that the combined effects of site and tree species produced unique endophytic fungal assemblages. Phylogenetic analyses revealed potential sub-species variation associated with site in Anthostomella pinea. Our findings point to the potential naturalisation of European fungal endophytic species (e.g., Anthostomella spp.) in Scottish pine plantations, particularly in association with Corsican pine.
Two-Dimensional Chromatographic Isolation of High Purity Erinacine A from Hericium erinaceus
Authors: Naumoska Katerina , Gregori Andrej , Albreht Alen
Published: February 2025

A simple and robust two-dimensional chromatographic fractionation protocol for the isolation of the neuroprotective compound erinacine A from Hericium erinaceus is proposed. This production platform yielded 19.4 mg of erinacine A from approximately 130 g of mushroom material, with a chromatographic purity of 97.4%. The procedure includes extraction, concentration, fractionation, purification, and characterisation of the bioactive compound. The crude H. erinaceus extract was fractionated in the first dimension by normal-phase flash chromatography, and the fraction containing erinacine A was further purified in the second dimension by semi-preparative reversed-phase chromatography. This strategy utilises the orthogonality of the two chromatographic modes to effectively eliminate difficult impurities, including structural isomers and analogues of erinacine A. Complementary analytical approaches such as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC–UV–MS/MS) were employed to unambiguously confirm erinacine A in the isolated fractions, while HPLC with a charged aerosol detector (CAD) was used to determine its purity. Given the limited commercial availability and the high price of erinacine A, the described method offers a straightforward and cost-effective alternative to obtain this valuable compound for further research and applications.
Technical Roadmaps of Electric Motor Technology for Next Generation Electric Vehicles
Authors: Usman Adil , Saxena Anchal
Published: February 2025

This paper provides a consolidated discussion and proposes significant measures in improving and advancing the performance of synchronous machines employed in electric traction applications designed for passenger electric vehicles (EVs). The paper quantifies the discussion on improving the power density (kW/kg) and efficiency (%η) of the machine with the commercially available solutions in terms of new design architectures, advanced emerging materials, and adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. New challenges and opportunities are identified for the optimized machine designs having the potential to meet the global standards while keeping the cost under control. This paper provides an overview of current trends, an introduction to innovative technologies, and changes in existing manufacturing practices to achieve high-performance electrical machines with improved fault tolerance capabilities and reliability. Thereby meeting the standards for the next generation of electric vehicles.
Design of a 2–4 Decoder Based on All-Spin Logic and Magnetic Tunnel Junction
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Yongfeng , Shan Dan
Published: February 2025

A 2–4 decoder based on all-spin logic (ASL) and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is proposed. The decoder employs five-input minority gates to realize three-input NOR gates, which reduces the circuit size compared to the three-input minority gates. Simultaneously, the inputs of the original and reverse variables are implemented by initializing the MTJ fixed layer magnetization in different directions, which avoids the use of inverters. In addition, the 2–4 decoder adopts a single-input single-fan-out (SISF) structure, which reduces the channel length. To illustrate the advantages of the five-input minority gate, inverter-free structure, and SISF structures in designing the proposed 2–4 decoder, a second 2–4 decoder is proposed that uses three-input minority gates, inverters, and a single-input multiple-fan-out structure. Compared with the second decoder, the first decoder has the layout area reduced to 37.9%, the total channel length reduced to 40.8%, and the number of clock cycles reduced to one-third. Importantly, the design methods used in this work, such as multi-input minority gates, SISF structure, and inverter-free structure, provide an interesting approach for designing large-scale ASL logic circuits.
Leucophosphite and Associated Minerals in the Fossil Bat Guano Deposit in Gaura cu Muscă Cave, Locvei Mountains, Romania
Authors: Dumitraş Delia-Georgeta , Marincea Ştefan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new account of the mineralogy of the bat guano deposit in Gaura cu Muscă Cave, Locvei Mountains, Romania. The cave, which, in its main proportion, is a wet, “live” cave, has a dry portion hosting guano. Biogenic leucophosphite is one of the main compounds of the fossil bat guano association in the cave, where it occurs together with hydroxylapatite, taranakite, ardealite, calcite, quartz and illite (the 2M1 polytype). The mineral species from the cave were characterized by optical methods, scanning electron microscopy, wet-chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared and inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry. The crystal-chemical formula of leucophosphite from Gaura cu Muscă is [K0.978Na0.003(NH4)0.014](Al0.085Fe1.903Mg0.001Mn0.006)(PO4)2(OH)0.973·2H2O. The cell parameters calculated for the same sample are a = 9.813(6) Å, b = 9.749(6) Å, c = 9.631(9) Å and β = 102.30(2)°. The infrared spectrum affords the presence of (PO4)3−, (HPO4)2−, (NH4)+ and (OH)− ions, together with H2O molecules. The band multiplicity on the IR absorption spectrum suggests that the phosphate groups in the structure have Cs punctual symmetry. The host deposit was formed under extremely “dry” conditions that favored a sharp decrease in the pH of solutions derived from the guano mass.
TLS in Sustainable Mining Engineering: 3D Convergence and Surface Changes in Chamber Excavation in CH Salt Mine “Wieliczka”
Authors: Gawronek Pelagia , Kwinta Andrzej , Sajdak Kamil , Koczwara Piotr
Published: February 2025

When volumes of mining excavations change, rock mass is displaced. Convergence in a salt mine may lead to substantial deformations. The displacement may, in turn, cause an inrush of water from the rock mass into the mine, which is a catastrophic event. Hence, salt excavation convergence is regularly monitored. Traditionally, convergence is measured at monitoring stations. The measurements were first performed with rigid instruments (such as a wire extensometer), then with manual laser rangefinders, and now attempts are made to employ terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). This article presents the evolution of TLS surveys in the mine. The method is demonstrated with multiple scans of a heritage chamber at the Wieliczka salt mine. The analyses indicate that TLS streamlines measurements and offers copious results. The main aim of this study was to identify the most effective and reliable determination of geometric changes in the excavation using TLS data from several years. The differences represented by the models adjusted to a common coordinate system with an error of 5 mm can be considered correct and reflecting the actual changes in the excavation. This gives significant opportunities for the use of TLS data in monitoring the behavior of mine workings in the future. However, considering the insufficient accuracy, the technology must not be the sole source of insight into mining excavation convergence.
Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine
Authors: Costantino Maria , Giudice Valentina , Moccia Giuseppina , Ragozzino Monica , Calabrese Salvatore , Caiazzo Francesco , Beatrice Massimo , Longanella Walter , Caruccio Simona , Iacuzzo Candida , Giugliano Carmen , Marongiu Mariagrazia Bathilde , Genovese Giovanni , Serio Bianca , Vozzella Emilia Anna , Filippelli Amelia , De Caro Francesco
Published: February 2025

Adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) with recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) are underexplored in fragile populations. This study aims to assess incidence, duration, and characteristics of AEFIs, focusing on the impact of sex, age, and prior Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection in a frail population, including solid organ transplant recipients. We conducted an observational study on patients receiving RZV, and AEFIs were classified as local or systemic and analyzed for incidence, duration, and patterns across groups. We showed that females had a higher incidence of AEFIs (p = 0.02), both local and systemic symptoms, such as swelling +/− redness at the site of injection and fatigue, after the first and second doses. Younger adults experienced more systemic reactions, while older adults reported more local events (e.g., redness and swelling, p = 0.01). Moreover, patients with previous HZ infection exhibited a higher incidence of AEFIs after the second dose (68% vs. 38%, p = 0.001). In conclusion, sex, age, and clinical history significantly influenced AEFI incidence and manifestations. Therefore, it is important to personalize vaccination strategies in frail populations, by tailored administration and monitoring plans, especially in females and individuals with prior HZ infection, to improve vaccine safety and patient outcomes.