bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL (2-OXO-3-(ARYLIMINO) INDOLIN-1-YL)-N-ARYL PROPANAMIDES AS ANTI-HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY AGENTS
Authors: Debnath Biplab , Wang Ping , Yang Liu-meng , Zheng Yong-tang , Ganguly Swastika
Published: December 2018

Objective: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first identified in the Western world in 1981. Since then, AIDS has been increasingly wide spreading, its rapid worldwide dissemination brought about by modern mass tourism. Isatin (1 H-indole-2, 3-Dione), an endogenous compound identified in many organisms, shows a wide range of biological activities. In view of the above details, we wish to report the synthesis and evaluation of novel isatin analogs, as promising anti-human immunodeficiency (HIV) agents.Methods: A series of novel isatin analogs (3a-3p) were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance:1H, 13C, ESI-MS spectral data, and CHNS.Results: The compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of HIV type-1 in MT-4 cell cultures. Of these sixteen compounds, only 5 compounds showed potent anti-HIV activity.Conclusion: Evaluation of compound properties in silico showed that they possess significant drug-like characteristics.
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF WITHANIA COAGULANS FRUIT ON THE FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVELS OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: V Hemalatha , Vigasini Nora
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of supplementation of Withania coagulans fruit on the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels of type 2 diabetic subjects.Methods: In the natural system of medicine, many plants have been claimed to be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. W. coagulans (Paneer poo) is one such source in which the fruit of the plant possesses hypoglycemic properties. The study was designed to determine the effect of a 60-day supplementation of W. coagulans fruit drink on the FPG levels of Type 2 diabetic subjects. W. coagulans fruit (6 numbers - approximately 2.5 g) was soaked overnight in 100 ml of water. This was administered to the experimental group. The control group received a placebo.Results: There was a significant decrease in the FPG levels of the experimental group on the 61st day. There was a statistically significant increase in the FPG level of the control group on the 61st day, showing that the placebo did not have any hypoglycemic effect.Conclusion: A significant reduction in FPG levels in the experimental group at the end of the study period proves that W. coagulans is a good hypoglycemic agent.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS AGAINST HEPG2 AND HLE HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS
Authors: H Kakrani Purvi , N Kakrani Harish , Raval Manan
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present study was designed to examine the cytotoxic effects of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Corchorus depressus and hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the same extract in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE).Methods: Anti-proliferative effects were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Human HCC (HepG2) and invasive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HLE) were treated with different concentrations of methanolic extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) of aerial parts of C. depressus as well as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions (200 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The cell viability and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined.Results: The maximum cytotoxic effect was noticed with a maximum dose of methanolic extract (500 μg/mL) and alkaloidal fraction (200 μg) in this study with an IC50 value of about 200 μg.Conclusion: The set of studies showed that methanolic extract of aerial parts of C. depressus and alkaloidal, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions fractions was capable of inhibiting cell growth and cell proliferation by inducing cytotoxicity of HepG2 and HLE cells.
STRUCTURE-BASED DRUG DESIGNING STUDIES TOWARDS EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SELECTED PHYTOCOMPOUNDS AGAINST HISTONE DEACETYLASE 10 PROTEIN
Authors: M Sabeena , Jamil Kaiser , Avn Swamy
Published: December 2018

Objective: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are proteins which play a crucial role in cell growth, maintenance, and regulation. Abnormal HDAC proteins produced by genetic mutations are common in human cancers. HDAC10 is a class II HDAC member, and its expression in many cancers has been documented. The aim of this study was to determine the best docking of phytocompounds selected from a list of such compounds in the database of chemicals for HDAC10.Methods: The crystal structure of HDAC10 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank and prepared for docking studies by post-translational modification (PTM) analysis. Then, we have screened 450 phytocompounds for molecular docking studies and determined their binding affinities against HDAC10 by using PatchDock server.Results: The PTM analysis showed that myristoylation sites were more abundant in HDAC10 which might be important functional sites for the gene regulation. The results revealed the receptor/inhibitor interactions within an active domain consisting of 30 important amino acid residues. Affinity-based studies have indicated the docking energy levels by calculating hydrogen bonding, steric, and hydrophobic interactions. Among the inhibitors, we could shortlist four compounds which showed excellent binding affinity. Hence, we evaluated drug binding affinities of these four compounds and determined their atomic contact energy values. Analysis of the docking results showed holacurtine>periplogenin>3,3’-diindolylmethane>epigallocat echin as the order of binding affinities, with holacurtine having the best docking score.Conclusion: It is proposed from these studies that the docking and scoring methods could be useful for selecting and shortlisting the promising antitumor molecules. These molecules could be further tested using in vitro and in vivo methods to confirm their role in HDAC10-associated cancers. Furthermore, myristoylation sites in HDAC10 could form an important binding site for selecting hit inhibitor compounds. The PTM studies together with the binding mode analysis facilitate the protein-protein interaction studies of HDAC10, and thioredoxin-interacting protein is considered as one of the transcriptional regulators of HDAC10.
A STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS AND ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Sood Anuroop , Joseph Jismi , Mathew Sneha , K Subramanyam , Ks Rajesh , Raj Kc Bharath
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prescribing pattern, most common indication, and adverse effects associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and to identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months from October 2016 to March 2017 in both inpatients and outpatients of the cardiology department. Patients received either ACEIs or ARBs were enrolled in the study. The relevant details of the patients were collected from the patient case note and treatment chart and data analyzed.Results: Of 100 patients, 23.0% were female and 77.0% were male. Among them, majority of patients were in the age group of 41–60 years. Diabetes mellitus (39%), smoking (20%), and alcohol (14%) were the common risk factors. The most common indications of ACEIs were found to be ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) (17%) followed by hypertension (HTN)/IHD (12%), and IHD/heart failure (12%). Main indications of ARBs were found in HTN/ IHD (16%). Utilization of ACEIs (70%) was found to be higher when compared with ARBs (30%). Ramipril (69%) and telmisartan (18%) were the most commonly used ACEIs and ARBs, respectively. While analyzing the adverse effects of ACEIs and ARBs, about 5.71% of patients were identified with ramipril induced dry cough.Conclusions: The complications of cardiovascular diseases can be reduced by knowing the incidence of risk factors and alternative therapy can be initiated by assessing the incidence of adverse drug reactions related to ACEIs and ARBs
MORINGA OLEIFERA - A NEVER DIE TREE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Swati Swati , Kaur Virk Amanpreet , Kumari Chandresh , Ali Aaliya , Garg Prakrati , Thakur Pratibha , Attri Chandrika , Kulshrestha Saurabh
Published: December 2018

Moringa oleifera (MO) is mostly inhabiting in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is notable for its therapeutic and nutritious qualities on the grounds that each piece of this plant can be exploited for restorative and sustenance purposes. The restorative and healthful qualities are because of the nearness of certain essential and optional metabolites contained by the plant. The phytochemicals screening uncovered the occurrence of auxiliary metabolites. These bioactive mixes can be utilized as a part of curing numerous ailments. MO is a versatile plant whose seeds comprise an excellent consumable oil (up to 40% by weight) and water-solvent protein that acts viable coagulants for water and wastewater treatment. The fruitful utilization of shelled MO Lam. seeds as a biosorbent presents a more affordable ecologically inviting technique for the expulsion of different irresistible metals from contaminated watery media. Aside from turbidity expulsion, MO, additionally, has antibacterial properties. The aim of this review is to present a complete analysis of the traditional uses and pharmacological properties of MO. Furthermore, this review is to update wide numbers of phytochemical constituents which have been isolated from the plant, and these constituents possess several medicinal properties.
EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING, COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING, LOW BIRTHWEIGHT, AND WASTING IN CHILDREN UNDER-FIVE: A PATH ANALYSIS EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Ayuningrum Ika Yuli , Murti Bhisma , Salimo Harsono , Retno Dewi Yulia Lanti
Published: December 2018

Objective: Studies using life course perspective, longitudinal data, and path analysis on the relationships between exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), complementary feeding (CF), low birthweight (LBW), and wasting are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between EBF, CF, LBW, and wasting, while controlling for some confounding factors.Methods: This was a case–control study conducted in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia. A total sample of 160 children 2–5 years of age were selected by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 28 wasted and 132 normal weight children. The dependent variable was wasting. The independent variables were EBF, CF, LBW, maternal middle upper-arm circumference at pregnancy, and family income at pregnancy. Sources of data were maternal and child health record and pre-tested questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis using Stata 13.Results: A path model was created based on life course perspective and longitudinal sample data. Wasting was directly and significantly affected by CF (b=−3.65; 95% CI=−5.72 – −1.59; p<0.001). The direct association between wasting and EBF was not significant (b=0.37; 95% CI=−0.76–1.49; p=0.521), while the indirect association between wasting and EBF through CF was significant (b=2.17; 95% CI=1.42–2.93; p<0.001). Wasting was directly and significantly associated with LBW (b=1.49; 95% 0.39–2.58; p=0.008). Family income at pregnancy indirectly and significantly affected the risk of wasting both through LBW and middle upper-arm circumference at pregnancy.Conclusion: EBF and CF jointly predict the risk of wasting. Only if EBF is followed by CF, it can reduce the risk of wasting in children under five. LBW is a significant predictor of wasting.
A PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS
Authors: Kanase Vanita , Mane Deepali J
Published: December 2018

Alstonia scholaris, commonly known as devil’s tree, is an important medicinal plant in the various folk and traditional systems of medicine in Asia, Australia, and Africa. The plant is used in Ayurvedic, Unani, and Siddha types of alternative medicinal systems. The decoction, mostly prepared from the bark, is used to treat a variety of diseases, of which the most important is malaria. In Ayurveda, it is used as a bitter and as an astringent herb for treating skin disorders, malarial fever, urticaria, chronic dysentery, diarrhea, and in snake bite. A. scholaris is also observed to possess antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticancer, analgesic, hepatoprotective, wound healing, antidiarrheal, and antiplasmodial activities. The current review summarizes the numerous ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological report on A. scholaris.
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL PLANTS OF RAJASTHAN HAVING ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Mathur Charuta , Rs Gupta
Published: December 2018

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in nearly all countries, and continuously increasing in numbers and significance, as changing lifestyles lead to reduced physical activity. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness, renal failure, and lower limb amputation. Diabetes is also now one of the leading causes of death, largely because of a markedly increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Due to the existing synthetic drugs have many limitations, the medicine from plants is drawing ever-increasing attention worldwide, due to their low toxicity and few side effects. The present review is providing data of some important medicinal plants species possessing antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activity. It would provide a handbook for the research related to diabetes. Further, efforts should be made to implement these plants based drugs in clinical trials.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS URINARIA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Deshpande Mangirish N , Balekar Neelam
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus urinaria (EEPU). Methods: In vivo anti-ulcer activity of EEPU was evaluated in the present study at 500 mg/kg body weight by pyloric ligation, ethanol-induced ulcer, aspirin-induced ulcer, and cold restraint-induced ulcer model. The anti-ulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing the gastric volume, pH, free and total acidity, ulcer number and its inhibition, and ulcer severity.Result: EEPU at 500 mg/kg body weight dose showed significant antiulcer activity by decreasing ulcer index, gastric volume, pH, and free and total acidity. Gastroprotective effect of EEPU was substantiated by histopathological studies of the stomach in ulcer and treated groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that EEPU has potential antiulcer activity.
EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: Bhargavan Divya , Kumari Suchetha , B Deepa
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nootropic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves using elevated plus maze and radial arm maze.Methods: Adult Wistar rats were allotted to three groups; Group 1 served as control, Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of AA extract, respectively, orally for 2 weeks after which the extent of improvement of memory was assessed.Results: AA showed nootropic activity in both elevated plus maze and radial arm maze. 200 mg/kg of AA extract showed better improvement in learning and memory compared to 400 mg/kg.Conclusions: These results indicate that AA leaves extract clearly exhibited the improvement in learning and memory.
A DEEP INSIGHT ON DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: THE SILENT COMPLICATION OF DIABETES, WITH INPUTS ON ITS CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, PATHWAYS, AND TREATMENTS
Authors: Saraswat Nikita , Chandra Phool , Sachan Neetu
Published: December 2018

Background: The incidence of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a prominent complication for people suffering from diabetes. DNP is a common complication in patients suffering from diabetes, and it is affecting approximately more than 50% of the population where the nerves are affected by high glucose levels.Objective: The aim of the review paper is to inspect the complications, causes, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatments, pathways, and management of DNP as all these factors play important role in the management of DNP. This paper also aims to identify the potential cures and the side effects if any associated with the commonly used treatments in conditions of DNP.Methods: The data collected for reviewing was by studying the published researchers from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Science Direct, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane, Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO), and Google open access publications from the year 1995–2017.Results: We have concluded on an interpretation that the drugs for treating DNP are managing the pain and controlling glucose levels but are reportedly causing major side effects. Hence, attention must be given to the potential risk factors for neuropathy and development of formulations with minimal side effects and a potential cure. We have focused on the recent researches, emerging problems, and techniques for identifying the patients suffering from DNP.Conclusion: The incidence of DNP is a prominent complication for people suffering from diabetes. Although the treatment available currently focusses on the pain management in DNP, attention must be given to the potential risk factors for neuropathy and development of formulations with minimal side effects and a potential cure.
ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF CALLIANDRA HAEMATOCEPHALA AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: K Punnagai , Josephine I Glory
Published: December 2018

Objective: The global burden and the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India signify the importance of its control with effective measures. Particularly, intestinal alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and play a key role in preventing diabetic complications. Herbal plants also possess greater antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antihyperglycemic activities with minimal side effects. Hence, this study is done to elucidate the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity and antidiabetic potential of Calliandra haematocephala.Methods: The leaves of C. haematocephala extracted by ethanol as a solvent were used to elucidate the blocking of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes for antidiabetic effect, and the absorbance was measured using spectrophotometry. The percentage of inhibition and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the plant and control were calculated.Results: The maximum percentage inhibition of C. haematocephala against alpha-amylase was 61% (IC50 value of 82.18 μg/ml) and alpha-glucosidase was 71% (31.07 μg/ml). The maximum percentage inhibition of acarbose against alpha-amylase was 92% (IC50 value of 42.65 μg/ml) and alpha-glucosidase was 89% (62.28 μg/ml).Conclusion: Hence, the above study proved the antidiabetic activity of C. haematocephala and its significant role in the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus.
COMPARISON OF CARTILAGE TYPE IIIA AND IIIB TYMPANOPLASTY IN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: Reddy Prashant R , Vuppala Rakesh , Bhat Supriya
Published: December 2018

Objective: This prospective comparative study determined the efficacy of type III tympanoplasty using homologous septal spur cartilage in patients with chronic otitis medis (COM).Methods: We selected patients by random sampling. Complete otolaryngologica examination including otological examination, tuning fork tests, pure tone audiometry (PTA), and relevant investigations was done. Post-tympanoplasty residual air-bone gap (ABG) was graded. Type III tympanoplasty was done for all and followed up until month 6.Results: Of 50 patients, 70.0% were men. Mean age was 27.72±10.81 years, 24 and 26 patients underwent type IIIA and IIIB tympanoplasty, respectively. Pre-operative mean PTA and ABG was 50.08 dB and 38.27 dB, respectively. Pre-operative ABG of 31–60 dB was seen in 41 patients while nine had an ABG of 0–30 dB. Overall, pre- and post-operative PTA was 50.24 dB and 28.54 dB, respectively. Overall, pre- and post-operative ABG was 38.32 dB and 16.40 dB (III A 36.92 dB and 14.79 dB; III B 39.62 dB and 17.88 dB). Mean overall hearing gain postoperatively in PTA was 21.70 dB (type III A 22.33 dB, III B −21.115 dB). Overall, ABG closure was 23.53 dB (type III A 22.333 dB, III B −21.115 dB). None had failure (>30 dB). Good ABG of 10–20 dB was seen in 72% and 78% of patients at month 3 and 6, respectively.Conclusion: Significant post-operative hearing improvement was seen in both types of tympanoplasty using homologous cartilage graft for ossicular reconstruction. Type III A is better than type IIIB as the stapes superstructure is vital for hearing.
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS
Authors: Shobha Rao Amita , Kl Shobha , S Shetty Manjunath , R Pai K Sreedhara
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present study focuses on in vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of Acacia auriculiformis tested on Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli, and fungus.Methods: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of A. auriculiformis were prepared. Agar well diffusion was the method for antimicrobial susceptibility. Freshly grown standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) , Escherchia coli (E.coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans (C. ailbicans), and MDR E. coli, and MDR Klebsiella pnuemoniae were used. Ampicillin disc (10 μg) was used as control.Results: The zone of inhibition was measured to determine the antimicrobial activity. Ethanolic extract of A. auriculiformis exhibited antibacterial activity against all the strains including MDR strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Antifungal activity was exhibited by both aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of A. auriculiformis.Conclusion: Ethanol extract could be used against MDR K. pneumoniae and MDR E. coli. Similarly, aqueous and ethanol extract can be the drug of choice for C. albicans infection. Further study is necessary to evaluate the accurate compound responsible for antibacterial and antifungal activity for pharmaceutical applications.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE
Authors: Kl Shobha , Shobha Rao Amita , Ksr Pai , Bhat Sujatha
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaves of Anacardium occidentale (A. occidentale) against microorganisms including multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Methods: Agar well diffusion method was employed to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of leaves A. occidentale. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves were used against microorganisms, which included American type culture collection strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, MDR Escherichia coli, and MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results: The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale showed significant antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extract had mild antifungal activity. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of leaves of A. occidentale could be a good source for the antibacterials to combat MDR bacterial infections. Further studies are necessary for these potent plant extracts to evaluate the in vivo efficacy and toxicity.
EFFECT OF SAGO CATERPILLAR (RHYNCOPHORUS BILINETAUS VAR PAPUANUS) OIL EXTRACT AGAINST LYMPHOCYTE, LEUKOCYTE, AND CD4 LEVELS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PATIENTS IN PAPUA, INDONESIA
Authors: Tingginehe Rosmin Mariat , Makaba Sarce
Published: December 2018

Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome has become a pandemic worrying the world community. The HIV virus destroys the human immune system causing the person can lose their immune system so that they are easily infected and die from complications of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of sago caterpillars oil extract can increase levels of lymphocytes, leukocyte, and CD4 on HIV patients in Papua.Methods: The research method utilized a true experiment with a randomized control group design. Data collection techniques included several double-blind stages. The first, selection of sago caterpillar and was done extraction process to get oil then packed into capsules. The second step, intervention in 14 subjects randomly which divided into 3 groups, the group receiving flour extract (n=5), oil extract (n=5), and the control group with placebo (n=4). During the intervention, all subjects were placed in a shelter and got the same food and the same activity.Results: Based on paired sample test statistical tests, it was found that there were significant differences before and after intervention in the group given oil preparations (p=0.023 <0.05) and control (p=0.043<0.05). Measurement of leukocyte levels showed that the group of oil and flour preparations had significant differences before and after intervention (p=0.040 <0.05, p=0.010), whereas in the control group, there were no significant differences between before and after administration (p=0.182>0.05). All intervention groups experienced an increase in CD4 cell count in the blood. The results of paired sample test statistical tests CD4 levels before and after the intervention showed a significant relationship in the three treatment groups (p=0.001; 0.025; 0.015 <0.05).Conclusion: The administration of sago caterpillar oil extract gives a significant effect against the rising of lymphocyte, leukocyte, and CD4 level in HIV sufferers blood.
EFFECTS OF ANESTHESIA ON INNATE IMMUNE COMPONENTS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: Aubaid Adnan Hamad , Yassen Khalid Lahmood
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate the possible role of anesthetics and surgery on innate by measuring the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to determine MCP-I and CD16.Methods: Serum level of TNFα and IFNγ cytokines was measured using ELISA technique. Flow cytometry was used to determine MCP-I and CD16. White blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined.Results: There was a highly significant rise in CRP blood level postoperatively when compared with pre-operative blood level (p<0.001). In addition, the results revealed a significant rise in neutrophil count after operation in comparison with its baseline level before operation (p<0.001), while the level of lymphocytes showed significant decline following operation (p<0.001). The level of monocyte and eosinophil also got significantly reduced after operation (p<0.001), whereas the level of basophil showed no significant alteration after operation (p=0.687). CD16 NK cell count revealed a significant rise during the time of anesthesia. However, it showed a significant decrease postoperatively, but the reduction did not reach baseline count. It has been noticed also that the level of MCP-1 got raised significantly in association with anesthesia induction; however, it returned back to its baseline level following surgery.Conclusions: Analysis of data to correlate the innate immune components TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-I, and CD16 with types of anesthetic drugs (general, local, and regional anesthesia) showed no significant association between these components and type of anesthesia (p>0.05).
PROSTATE VAPORIZATION BY DIODE LASER FOR PATIENTS WITH BENIGN PROSTATIC ENLARGEMENT
Authors: Mahdi Ali Falah , Obaid Ahmed Ali
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the efficacy of diode laser prostatectomy in patients infected with benign prostatic enlargement.Methods: A total of 62 men were included in our prospective clinical study from August 2017 to January 2018. The size of their prostates (ml) was ranged from 38 to 65, digital rectal examination for all patients was revealed the features of benign prostatic enlargement, prostate-specific antigen was ranged from 0.3 to 14 ng/ml, underwent laser prostatectomy (Diode laser).Results: The study included 62 men with 67.82±7.57 years. After the operation, the median maximum flow rate (Qmax) was increased 11–22 ml/s and the increment was highly significant (p<0.001), and median international prostate symptom score was highly significantly reduced from 19 to 10 (p<0.001). In addition, median residual volume was highly significantly reduced from 169.5 to 77 ml (p<0.001). Mean duration of operation was 67.82±7.57 min. The duration of catheterization with a mean of 1.16±0.45 days. Most patients required only 1 day of hospital stay postoperatively. No one developed post-operative bleeding, erectile dysfunction was reported in a single patient (1.6%), urinary incontinence in one patient (1.6%), and urinary tract infection was the most frequent post-operative complication being reported in 11.3%.Conclusion: Diode laser for the treatment of prostate is easily applicable, cheap and provides good ablation with low morbidity.
SOFT-SKILL BASED SYLLABUS IN LEGAL ENGLISH COURSES
Authors: Hradilová Alena
Published: December 2018

The article discusses reasons why a team of teachers at Language Centre of Masaryk University decided to abandon the traditional topic based syllabus in order to focus on soft skills and life skills. It offers an application of needs analyses carried out among faculty graduates to our course syllabi and its result in major changes to structuring the courses in terms of moving from topics as our starting point to life skills, and from atomized language exercises to task chaining. This approach leads to useful soft skills development where topics serve the purpose of soft-skill practice fillers and vocabulary building is a natural by-product of the activities. The paper offers examples of chained lesson plans based on experiential learning. Student feedback and a small-scale action research illustrates how they perceive and appreciate the changes and how the changed approach towards syllabus design influences their motivation to learn.
ONLINE COURSE DESIGN AND MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR TEACHING READING OF RESEARCH ARTICLES TO EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT A GREEK TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Seiradakis Emmanuela Vardis , Spantidakis Ioannis
Published: December 2018

Recent research findings suggest that reading research articles (RAs) enhances undergraduate engineering students’ technical knowledge and fosters their lifelong learning skills. Nevertheless, the RA genre inherently displays challenging features for novice readers, especially EFL readers. Previous works on developing materials for teaching the reading of RAs to undergraduate students are limited and mostly report on the effectiveness of interventions rather than on course design and materials development. This paper presents the design and development of online materials for a Moodle-based, English for Specific Academic Purposes course that aimed to help Greek undergraduate Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) students to learn how to read RAs within their field. The materials design was based on the theories of genre analysis, metacognition and cognitive apprenticeship. Initially, a small RA corpus consisting of thirty RAs from high-ranking ECE journals and conferences from IEEE, ACM, Elsevier and Springer was created in cooperation with the ECE faculty. Subsequently, a move analysis was performed based on a simplified coding scheme of rhetorical moves in the target genre adjusted to the needs of novice Greek EFL readers. The results from our corpus analysis were used as the foundation of the genre-based materials that aimed at fostering learners’ declarative, procedural and conditional genre knowledge and included various examples of move structures and patterns, terminology, grammar as well as weekly genre analysis reflective tasks. We then created materials that intended to provide further support so that students could convert their newly acquired genre knowledge into procedural knowledge and explicitly taught top-down RA expeditious reading strategies and conditional knowledge by including metacognitive strategy training that intended to raise their awareness of when and why they should use the taught strategies. In an attempt to further tailor the materials to the needs of our students we included audiovisual enhancements in both L1 and L2 for presentation and feedback purposes, metacognitive prompts, online dictionaries and concordancers.
Abordaje del paciente con traumatismo craneoencefálico: un enfoque para el médico de primer contacto
Authors: Cruz López Ana Marcela , Ugalde Valladolid Ania , Aparicio Ambriz Claudia Angélica , Contreras Landeros Lucero Yanin , Carnalla Cortes Martha , Choreño Parra José Alberto , Guadarrama Ortiz Parménides
Published: December 2018

El traumatismo craneoencefálico es un problema de salud pública debido a la alta mortalidad y discapacidad que ocasiona, en especial en grupos de edad económicamente activos. Su abordaje requiere de una rápida valoración e inicio oportuno del tratamiento adecuado para controlar lesiones primarias y sus complicaciones. El médico familiar tiene un papel importante en la evaluación y manejo de un individuo con trauma de cráneo, ya que constituye el primer contacto del paciente con el sistema de salud. El traumatismo craneoencefálico puede ser una urgencia potencialmente mortal, no obstante, el médico familiar puede ser el primer contacto en los casos de trauma de cráneo menos severos, por lo que es necesario mantener un conocimiento actualizado de los aspectos más relevantes en el tratamiento de este padecimiento. En este trabajo, se realiza una revisión del diagnóstico y manejo del traumatismo craneoencefálico en el primer nivel de atención, con el propósito de fortalecer la formación de médicos de primer contacto respecto de este tipo de eventos.
Specialty Choice Stability: Are There Implications for Early Entry Into Residency?
Authors: Cantone Rebecca E. , Deiorio Nicole M. , Polston Alex , Schneider Benjamin
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The medical education community is piloting early entry to residency as a potential outcome to competency-based education and as a way to more quickly train future physicians in specialties of need. However, there is limited knowledge of which specialties may be best suited to this streamlined training. Student career desires may change over the course of their undergraduate training. We aimed to understand which specialties have stable student interest from matriculation to residency match in an effort to highlight which fields may be reasonable to consider for such accelerated programs.
Methods: Medical students at one school of medicine who matriculated in the years 2009-2013 were surveyed upon entry regarding the medical specialty they were most interested in pursuing. Six hundred fifty-four students were eligible for inclusion and 535 of the records met all requirements. On completion of medical school, final specialty choice for students obtaining a residency position was recorded. The data were analyzed to assess specialties with the highest versus the lowest rates of retention.
Results: Of 535 included students, the top specialties with retention of interest (no change in specialty choice for that student) from matriculation to match were physical medicine and rehabilitation, (100%, n=3 retention/3 initial), psychiatry (57.1%, 4/7), internal medicine (48.5%, 47/97), and family medicine (47.7%, 41/86). The specialties with the lowest retention were pathology (0%, 0/2), preventive medicine (0%, 0/4), dermatology (12%, 1/8), neurology (16.7%, 3/18) and radiation oncology (16.7%, 1/6).
Discussion: Some specialties that attract student interest before matriculation may be more likely to maintain interest compared to others. This suggests a need for further research to determine if residency entry can begin earlier than traditionally thought, with certain fields better suited for accelerated training.
Enumeration of Hamiltonian cycles on a thick grid cylinder - part I: Non-contractible Hamiltonian cycles
Authors: Bodroza-Pantic Olga , Kwong Harris , Doroslovacki Rade , Pantic Milan
Published: December 2018

In a recent paper, we have studied the enumeration of Hamiltonian cycles (abbreviated HCs) on the grid cylinder graph Pm+1 x Cn, where m grows while n is fixed. In this sequel, we study a much harder problem of enumerating HCs on the same graph only this time letting n grow while m is fixed. We propose a characterization for non-contractible HCs which enables us to prove that their numbers hnc, m (n) satisfy a recurrence relation for every fixed m. From the computational data, we conjecture that the coefficient for the dominant positive characteristic root in the explicit formula for hnc,m (n) is 1.
IDEALIZING THE DESIGN MODEL OF THE ROPE PART OF THE MIDWATER TRAWL
Authors: Chemakina Tamara Lvovna
Published: December 2018

The article presents a perspective approach to the analysis of a stress state of net gear. A set of assumptions and simplifications of determining the forces acting on the end part of the trawl have been proposed. In terms of strength analysis of the trawl gear elements, the rope section deserves a thorough study, since the rope section elements are subject to the most uneven tension. In addition, the rope section of the trawl is the most material-intensive. The mass of the rope trawl is about 2/3 of the total mass of the trawl. Therefore, it is important to determine the minimum rope diameter without losing its strength. It is evident from the analysis of the trawl construction scheme that the trawl is presented in the form of a limited number of one-dimensional finite elements linked in the nodes of a rope net. Rope length from the attachment point up to the bare end inclusive is also considered a single straight element. Each element is affected by the force of hydrodynamic resistance, the force of weight and some longitudinal force. When analyzing the design model, hydrodynamic lifting devices are substituted by concentrated forces applied to the nodes of the headline; loads on the low rope are also substituted by concentrated forces. Knowing their orientation relative to the stream flow, it is possible to calculate the reactions in the nodes of the elements using the node coordinates. Formulas determining the forces that act on the finite element of the trawl rope part have been proposed, which can be used to compile a program for calculating the strength of the rope part of mid-water trawls.
INFLUENCE OF SURFAGON INJECTIONS ON BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF OVARIES IN HYBRID FEMALES OF RUSSIAN STURGEON × LENA STURGEON (ACIPENSER GUELDENSTAEDTII BRANDT, 1833 × ACIPENSER BAERII BRANDT, 1869) IN RECIRCULATED AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: Sorokina Marina Nikolaevna , Geraskin Petr Petrovich , Grigoriev Vadim , Dubovskaya Anisia Victorovna , Levina Olga Aleksandrovna , Metallov Gennadiy Fedorovich , Ponomareva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: December 2018

The article focuses on the special trend in technology of fish reproduction - use of a recirculated aquaculture system that allows creating optimum hydrological and hydrochemical parameters for a certain fish species regardless of the environmental conditions. Nevertheless, in the course of developing the new modifying factors of the environment (simulated conditions) the common orientation of a metabolism or separate biochemical reactions, in particular, generative exchange can be broken. It has been stated that dynamics of biochemical indexes of blood and urine characterizes intensity and orientation of generative exchange and allows to estimate possibility of structural transformations of fish ovaries. The analysis of the influence of a synthetic analog of hormone luliberin - surfagon on hybrid females of Russian × Lena sturgeon ( Acipenser guldenstadtii Brandt, 1833 × Аcipenser baerii Brandt , 1869) characterized by low fatness has revealed the stimulation of metabolic processes. During the research a low level of protein (16.0-28.0 g/l) under the influence of surfagon has increased by 35.0-38.0%. At the same time, throughout all experiment a high level of beta lipoproteins was observed in fishes of both pilot and control groups. Under the preparation impact the level of beta lipoproteins increased by 58.0% and 61.0% after injecting 0.2 mkg/kg and 2.0 mkg/kg of surfagon, respectively. The similar tendency was observed in the course of study of the hormones predecessor - cholesterol. Under the influence of surfagon in various doses there has been registered its increase from 1.3 g/l to 2.2-2.3 g/l. Thus, the surfagon injected groups of fish demonstrated a particular type of the biochemical status and reacted to hormonal stimulation under the low level of financial and energy resources. At the same time, histologic research hasn’t revealed cardinal changes in gonad morphology.
ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES OF PIKE GROWN IN FARMS OF DIFFERENT FISH-BREEDING ZONES
Authors: Payuta Aleksandra Aleksandrovna , Bogdanova Alena Andreevna , Flerova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Miroshnichenko Daria Andreevna
Published: December 2018

The article gives the results of the study of the fatness and chemical composition of skeletal muscles of underyearling Esox lucius L., grown in different fish-farms of the Yaroslavl and Volgograd regions. The fish was measured, weighed; Foultin’s fatness coefficient was calculated. The amount of water, dry matter, fat, protein, minerals and nitrogen-free extractives were determined in the muscle tissue of the test specimens. In autumn yearlings of both fish farms approach 100 g weight, average body length being 19-21 cm. At the age 2+ pike juveniles of the Volgograd fish farm (sole trader - “Head of the Peasant farm Lozina Ya.V.”) overtake those grown in “Stimul” fish farm, Ltd. in Yaroslavl region in size and mass. However, Fultin’s condition factor in individuals of the Yaroslavl region was significantly higher than in the young from Ya. V. Lozina’s fish farm. There were no statistically significant differences between the water content, protein content, fat content, and nitrogen-free extractives in the skeletal muscles of pike underyearlings from different enterprises. Though, there was registered a significant increase in the amount of mineral substances in the muscle tissue of pike underyearlings from “Stimul”, Ltd ( p < 0,05). On average, muscular tissue of pike underyearlings from “Stimul”, Ltd was larger than that of Ya.V. Lozina’s fish farm in terms of nutrient content and energy value. The study results showed that fatness and chemical composition of the muscle tissue of pike yearlings is more influenced by the sufficient food supply than hydrochemical conditions of the pond.
DEVELOPMENT OF FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF FISH CABBAGE ROLLS FROM OBJECTS OF COMMODITY AQUACULTURE
Authors: Mizhueva Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Yakubova Olesya Sergeevna
Published: December 2018

The article presents the results of marketing research of consumer preferences of fish culinary products in the Astrakhan market. It has been found that the overwhelming majority of respondents (90%) are potential consumers of these products. The perceptivity of using carp and silver carp meat as culinary products has been grounded. The technologies of fish culinary products processed from commercial aquaculture objects have not been fully developed and need to be improved taking into account the specific properties of raw materials. The improvement will help to increase the nutritional value of fish culinary products, to expand the assortment and to use raw materials rationally. Theoretical significance of the current research lies in the scientific justification of the formulation and technology of fish cabbage rolls produced from commercial aquaculture species, and the practical value includes the development of technological documentation for new products. Three formulations of fish cabbage rolls have been developed: with carp and dill; with carp and carrots; with silver carp and carrots. The complex organoleptic value of cabbage rolls prepared according to the proposed receipts was estimated in 20 points, which proves the high quality of fish culinary products. The indicators of biological value of protein components of fish cabbage rolls were: amino acid score, utilization rate, coefficient of rationality of the amino acid composition. It has been stated that cabbage rolls with carp and dill, with carp and carrots have a limited content of amino acid valine by 92% and 93%, and cabbage rolls from silver carp - by leucine and valine amino acids 68% and 74%, respectively. The coefficient of rationality of amino acid composition demonstrates the balance of essential amino acids in fish cabbage rolls in relation to the physiologically necessary norm. It has been found out that the ratio of fatty acids in cabbage rolls with carp and silver carp equals to the ideal fat. It has been established that fish cabbage rolls produced from commercial aquaculture objects are competitive among similar products and meet market requirements.
EVALUATION OF SIZE-WEIGHT COMPOSITION OF MACKEREL IN THE SOUTH-EAST ATLANTICS
Authors: Don Kouame Raphael  , Fomenko Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to evaluation of the dimensional composition of mackerel in the South-East part of the Atlantic ocean. The study was carried out in Abidjan on the Ivory coast, specifically, at the Abidjan Autonomous port. The study objective was to establish the relationship between the total length and the weight of mackerel, as well as between the length of the mackerel body without the caudal fin and its weight. Weight of mackerel caught during commercial fishing in autonomous port of Abidjan was within 447.64-794.05 g, mean value being 591.08 g. Maximum length of mackerel made 41.5 cm, minimum is 35.2 cm (general length), mean value was 38.85 cm. Maximal fish length without caudal fin was 37.9 cm, minimal length - 31.7 cm, mean value made 35.13 cm. There has been stated linear dependence between general fish length and its weight. The research results will be used to further investigating the issue of industrial mackerel catches in the southeast Atlantic region.