bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of soil management practices on selected indicators of chemical soil quality
Authors: Pecio Alicja , Jarosz Zuzanna
Published: July 2016

The study was conducted in scope of Catch-C project “Compatibility of agricultural management practices and types of farming in the EU to enhance climate change mitigation and soil health” (7FP), realized in 2012–2014 by the consortium of partners from 10 European countries (http://www.catch-c.eu). This work reports the effects of soil management practices – under different soil and climatic conditions – on the selected soil chemical quality indicators, based on the analysis of data extracted from literature on long term experiments (LTEs) in Europe, as well as from LTEs held by the Catch-C consortium partners. The dataset related to soil chemical quality indicators consisted of 1044 records and referred to 59 long-term trials. The following indicators of chemical soil quality were analyzed: pH, N total content, N total stock, C:N ratio, N mineral content, P and K availability. They are the most frequently used indicators in the European literature on long-term experiments collected in the Catch-C project database. Soil organic carbon, however, the most important indicator was not presented here, due to it was covered by a separate study on indicators for climate change mitigation. The indicators were analyzed using their response ratio (RR) to a management practice. For a given treatment (management practice), this ratio was calculated as the quotient between the indicator value obtained in the treatment, and the indicator value in the reference treatment. The examples were: rotation (with cereals, with legume crops, with tuber or root crops, with grassland) vs. adequate monoculture, catch/cover crops vs. no catch/cover crops, no-tillage and no-inversion tillage vs. conventional tillage, mineral fertilization vs. no fertilization, organic fertilization (compost, farmyard manure, slurry) vs. mineral fertilization at the same available nitrogen input, crop residue incorporation vs. removal. All tested practices influenced soil chemical quality indicators. Both positive and negative effects were observed. When the RR values of seven soil chemical quality indicators were considered in an overall evaluation – based on their significance level, the number of indicators positively affected, and the size of the effects – the best practices among those tested were: farmyard manure application, no-inversion tillage, compost application, mineral fertilization, and no-tillage.
The impact of drought stress on the yields and food value of selected forage grasses
Authors: Staniak Mariola
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study was to compare yields and nutritional value of selected species and cultivars of forage grasses under the optimal moisture conditions and long-term drought stress. The regenerative capacity of plants after dehydration was also assessed. The pot experiment was conducted in years 2009–2010 in IUNG-PIB’s greenhouse in Puławy, Poland. Nine cultivars of four species: Dactylis glomerata (‘Amera’, ‘Minora’), Festuca pratensis (‘Skra’, ‘Fantazja’), Festulolium braunii (‘Felopa’, ‘Agula’, ‘Sulino’), and Lolium multiflorum (‘Gisel’, ‘Lotos’) were investigated in well-watered conditions (70% field water capacity – FWC) and under a long-term drought stress (40% FWC).

The study showed that stress caused by soil moisture deficiency significantly reduced yields of D. glomerata, F. pratensis, F. braunii, and L. multiflorum. The total yield of dry matter under stress conditions was about 31% lower, compared to the performance achieved on the optimally moisturized treatment. The smallest reduction in dry matter yield under the conditions of water deficit was recorded for D. glomerata, which makes it the most resistant to stress, followed by F. pratensis. The resistance of F. braunii and L. multiflorum to stress was similar and significantly lower. There was a various response of different grasses to the water stress. On the basis of the value of the DSI (drought susceptibility index), the tested cultivars were ranked depending on the sensitivity to drought, starting with the most resistant cultivar: ‘Minora’, ‘Skra’, ‘Fantazja’, ‘Amera’, ‘Sulino’, ‘Agula’, ‘Gisel’, ‘Lotos’, and ‘Felopa’. The digestibility of dry matter and nutrient value of the grasses depended on both the level of soil moisture and grass species. Under the water stress, the digestibility and protein value increased compared to the control objects. Lolium multiflorum and F. braunii had the best nutritional value, while D. glomerata – the weakest.
“Mostra-me a tua glória”. Linguagem sagrada e retórica política em Ex 33,18-23
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: July 2016

O texto da Bíblia Hebraica como instrumento de projeção retórica de conflitos político-teológicos presentes no seu horizonte de produção. Objetiva-se analisar retoricamente Ex 33,18-23, aplicando-se à pericope procedimentos hermenêuticos próprios da abordagem histórico-social e da análise retórica, com a intenção de identificar possíveis relações entre a narrativa e o horizonte histórico-social de sua produção. Como etapas metodológicas, traduziu-se o texto hebraico de Ex 33,18-23, comparando-o com versões no vernáculo, analisou-se retoricamente cada seção da perícope e buscou-se identificar os elementos de contato entre a narrativa e o mundo histórico-social que a produziu e que lhe serve de contexto semântico. Concluiu-se tratar-se de texto crítico e sarcástico às prerrogativas sacerdotais que marcaram a transformação político-social de Judá após o cativeiro babilônico. A estratégia retórica da narrativa consiste em, na forma de um pedido dirigido à divindade, isolar o postulado sacerdotal no v. 18, confrontando-o nos v. 19-23 por meio de três negações categóricas por parte de Yahweh.
Narrativas de curas e exorcismos de Jesus: Uma expressão da linguagem religiosa
Authors: Correia Júnior João Luiz
Published: July 2016

As narrativas de curas e exorcismos de Jesus ocupam lugar de destaque nos Evangelhos e, de modo especial, no Evangelho de Marcos. Esses relatos escritos têm por base tradições orais, comuns do ambiente do Mar Mediterrâneo, em que havia grande familiaridade com curandeiros, exorcistas e taumaturgos. Além disso, na Palestina do tempo de Jesus, primeira metade do século I, havia grande expectativa messiânica e apocalíptica; Deus estaria prestes a revelar sua face misericordiosa, enviando finalmente o Messias, capaz de restaurar a dignidade do povo de Israel. Nesse contexto, não tardou para que as ações e as palavras de Jesus fossem interpretadas como as de um taumaturgo que, gradativamente, vai sendo proclamado como o Messias esperado. Tendo presente todos esses elementos, o objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que as narrativas de curas e exorcismos de Jesus podem ser interpretadas como expressão da linguagem religiosa de tradição judaica, que serviu de base para os respectivos textos encontrados nos Evangelhos, fundamentos da cultura religiosa cristã. 

 
Stopy ľudského ohryzu na kostiach (Pilotná experimentálna analýza)
Authors: Stančíková Michaela , Sázelová Sandra
Published: July 2016

Stopy ľudského ohryzu sú v archeologickom a antropologickom kontexte zdrojom informácií o socio-kultúrnom pozadí skúmanej súčasnej i minulej spoločnosti, ich stravovacej kultúre a návykoch. Tento článok prezentuje výber z už publikovaných metodík používaných pri štúdiu tejto témy a testuje stopy ľudského ohryzu na experimentálnej vzorke zo Slovenskej republiky. Vzorka so 40 dobrovoľníkmi bola rozdelená do dvoch skupín– jedna skupina bola informovaná o cieľoch experimentálneho projektu a druhá skupina ostala neinformovaná. Prevažne boli zaznamenané jamky a škrabance spôsobené rezákmi, nasledovali škrabance ako pozostatky sekundárneho spracovania (pozorované v oboch súboroch) a zárezy po príborovom noži (pozorované len v jednom súbore). Podľa analýzy vzoriek navzájom pripúšťame možnosť, že štýl stravovania a stravovacích návykov ovplyvňuje výskyt a rozsah poškodení spôsobených ľudskými zubami.
Similarities and Connections between Postsocialism and Postcolonialism: Analysis of Postsocialist and Postcolonial Countries
Authors: Půtová Barbora
Published: July 2016

Předmětem studie je teoretická analýza postsocialistických a postkoloniálních států z hlediska jejich současného stavu a budoucího rozvoje. Studie se zaměří na analýzu a interpretaci sociokulturního vývoje bývalých socialistických společností po roce 1989 a bývalých koloniálních území. Cílem studie je postihnout podobnosti a odlišnosti mezi postkoloniálními a postsocialistickými státy. Pojem postsocialismus je užíván jako označení historického období, které vystřídalo vývojovou fázi socialismu. V interpretaci vztahu socialismu a postsocialismu po roce 1989 jsou sledovány přístupy a současně jsou zdůrazněny geografické, politické a ekonomické aspekty sociokulturní změny. Pojem postkolonialismus je ve studii užíván jako označení historického období po získání nezávislosti bývalých kolonií. Ve studii jsou analyzovány sociální, hospodářské a politické faktory a situace, které v bývalých koloniích a v metropolích vznikly v postkoloniální době. Studie zdůrazňuje charakteristiky postkoloniálního státu, k nimž patří absence národního cítění, lokální identita posilovaná na úkor centra, nefungující centrální ekonomika i centrální instituce nebo neodpovídající distribuce veřejných statků. Studie usiluje zodpovědět, jakým způsobem probíhal proces ustavení a zformování státní identity v postsocialistickém i postkoloniálním období. Cílem studie je pochopit a interpretovat procesy sociokulturní změny, k nimž došlo v průběhu transformace socialismu v postsocialismus a kolonialismu v postkolonialismus.
Papillary Lesions of the Breast: An Update
Authors: Wei Shi
Published: July 2016

Context.—Papillary lesions of the breast, characterized by the presence of arborescent fibrovascular cores that support epithelial proliferation, constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with overlapping clinical manifestation and histomorphologic features, but may have divergent biological behavior. These lesions are exclusively intraductal neoplasms, although an invasive carcinoma may rarely have a predominantly papillary architecture. Although recognition of a papillary architecture is typically not challenging, the histologic distinction of these entities is not always straightforward. Historically, different terminologies and variable criteria have been proposed for a given entity by various authorities. The difficulty in classifying these lesions has been further confounded by the scarcity of data and the heterogeneity across different studies with regard to the molecular genetic characteristics of this group of lesions.

Objective.—To provide an overview focusing on the current concepts in the diagnosis and classification of papillary lesions of the breast incorporating recent molecular genetic advances.

Data Sources.—Data were obtained from pertinent peer-reviewed English-language literature.

Conclusions.—The recent evolution of molecular techniques has enhanced our knowledge of the pathogenesis of papillary carcinomas of the breast. This, along with emerging outcome studies, has led to prognosis-based reclassification of some of these entities. Additional studies focusing on the molecular signatures are needed to identify potential decision tools to further stratify these lesions with respect to prognostic significance.
FAUNA DO SOLO AO LONGO DO PROCESSO DE SUCESSÃO ECOLÓGICA EM VOÇOROCA REVEGETADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHEIRAL – RJ
Authors: Rodrigues Khalil de Menezes , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Resende Alexander Silva de , Camilo Fernanda de Lima , Campelo Eduardo Francia Carneiro , Franco Avílio Antônio , Dechen Sonia Carmela Falci
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade, riqueza e composição da comunidade da fauna do solo epígea em uma voçoroca revegetada no ano de 2000 com diferentes espécies de leguminosas arbóreas. A voçoroca está localizada no Instituto Federal de Educação (IFRJ) campus Nilo Peçanha no município de Pinheiral – RJ. Foram avaliadas as seguintes áreas: plantio de Acacia mangium Willd. (PA), plantio de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (PM), plantio de leguminosas arbóreas no terço superior da encosta (PTS), plantio de leguminosas no interior da voçoroca (IVR2000). Os plantios de A. mangium e M. caesalpiniifolia foram realizados antes da revegetação. Para efeito comparativo também foi avaliada uma área de floresta secundária com 20 anos, próxima ao local de coleta. Na coleta da fauna do solo epígea foram utilizadas 10 armadilhas do tipo pitfall (MOLDENKE, 1994) por área. Foram realizadas três coletas, uma no início da revegetação, em maio de 2000, em junho de 2006 e abril de 2008. Houve um aumento no número de grupos e na diversidade da fauna do solo no plantio no terço superior, no interior da voçoroca, e no plantio de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia após 6 anos da intervenção. Nas coletas realizadas em 2000 e 2006, a APC mostrou que a maioria dos grupos estava associada ao ano de 2006, mostrando total antagonismo com o ano de 2000. O plantio de Acacia mangium foi a área com o menor número de grupos. Na coleta realizada em 2008, a pastagem foi a área com menor número médio de grupos coletados e na ACP do interior da voçoroca os grupos estavam associados ao ano de 2008 com total antagonismo com os anos de 2000 e 2006. Os grupos Formicidae e Collembola (Entomobryomorpha) foram os mais dominantes em todas as áreas amostradas no ano de 2000 e 2008 e no interior da voçoroca ano de 2006.
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES: COMPOSIÇÃO, COMPRIMENTO DE MICÉLIO EXTRARRADICULAR E GLOMALINA EM ÁREAS DE MATA ATLÂNTICA, RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Santos Vera Lúcia dos , Miguel Divino Levi , Silva Eliane Maria Ribeiro da
Published: July 2016

A Mata Atlântica é considerada um ambiente de ampla biodiversidade, no entanto, por estar constantemente sendo submetida a uma intensa pressão antrópica, encontra-se bastante fragmentada e desconectada, circundada por extensas matrizes formadas de pastos, capoeiras, monoculturas e áreas urbanas. A fragmentação, bem como determinados sistemas de uso e manejo do solo, pode ocasionar alterações na composição e atividade de microrganismos do solo, como os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs). Dessa forma, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição da população dos FMAs em diferentes áreas de Mata Atlântica, determinar a influência do tipo de cobertura vegetal na abundância de esporos de FMAs, no comprimento de micélio extrarradicular (CMET) e nos teores de proteína do solo relacionada à glomalina no solo (PSRG). Os sistemas avaliados foram: agricultura anual (AgAn); agricultura perene (AgP), pasto, floresta secundária estádio inicial (FSEI); floresta secundária estádio médio (FSEM); floresta secundária estádio avançado (FSEA). Coletaram-se amostras de terra na profundidade de 0–5 cm, em duas épocas distintas (verão e inverno). Um total de 27 morfotipos de esporos de FMAs foi coletado, sendo que a espécie Glomus macrocarpum Tulasne & Tulasne foi presente em todas as áreas estudadas, em ambas as épocas de coleta e na maioria das vezes com uma elevada frequência de ocorrência. A abundância de esporos de FMAs foi influenciada pelo tipo de cobertura vegetal. Uma baixa esporulação dos FMAs foi observada na área de AgAn em ambas as coletas. As áreas agrícolas modificaram a composição das espécies de FMAs em relação aos sistemas florestais. Os teores de PSRG - facilmente extraível (PSRG-FE) reduziram-se quando da passagem de FSEM para agricultura.
EFICIÊNCIA NUTRICIONAL DE MUDAS DE Stryphnodendron polyphyllum EM FUNÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO E FÓSFORO
Authors: Carnevali Natália Hilgert de Souza , Marchetti Marlene Estevão , Vieira Maria do Carmo , Carnevali Thiago de Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Devido à carência de estudos agronômicos com espécies nativas e da importância do adequado fornecimento de nutrientes às plantas, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de N e P sobre o teor e conteúdo de nutrientes, bem como na eficiência nutricional de mudas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum), em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em vasos de 8 dm3, mantidos em casa de vegetação. Foram estudadas quatro doses de N (0; 20,82; 41,64 e 62,46 mg kg-1 de N) e quatro doses de P (0; 41,72; 83,44 e 125,16 mg kg-1 de P2O5), em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Decorridos 210 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e teor de macro e micronutrientes na planta; por meio desses dados foram calculados os índices de eficiência de absorção e utilização de nutrientes. Houve interação significativa entre as doses de N e P para os teores de P, K, Ca, Cu, Mn e Zn na parte aérea e N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Fe na raiz. Na parte aérea das mudas, os nutrientes N e Fe foram influenciados somente pelo efeito isolado das doses de N, e o teor de Mg pelo efeito isolado das doses de P. O conteúdo de todos os nutrientes, na parte aérea e na raiz, foi influenciado significativamente pela interação entre as doses de N e P. As máximas doses proporcionaram maior conteúdo de macronutrientes na parte aérea, exceto N e K. O conteúdo de micronutrientes na parte aérea aumentou em função das doses de N e P e reduziu na raiz, exceto Fe. As mudas de barbatimão mostraram-se mais eficientes em absorver N e Zn e utilizar P e Mg. Comparados ao conteúdo, o N e o Ca foram os nutrientes mais acumulados nos tecidos da planta, contudo, os que apresentaram menor valor (P e Mg) foram os nutrientes mais eficientemente utilizados.
SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE LUMINOSIDADE NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: Bonamigo Thaliny , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Pereira Zefa Valdivina
Published: July 2016

Objetivou-se determinar o tipo de substrato e as melhores condições de luminosidade para o cultivo de mudas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum. A semeadura ocorreu em bandejas de isopor sob sombrite de 70% e três meses após a emergência, as plântulas foram selecionadas e em seguida transplantadas em vasos de 4L, em dois tipos de substratos: 50% de solo Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico + 50% de areia (TA) e 50% de solo de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico + 25% de areia + 25% de cama de frango semidecomposta (TACF). Após o transplante, as mudas foram levadas para três condições de sombreamento (30%, 50% e 70% de sombra) e a pleno sol (0%). Após a aclimatação, a qualidade fisiológica das mudas foi determinada mensalmente, através da análise de crescimento e do índice de qualidade de Dickson, durante 270 dias. O experimento foi realizado em DIC em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 x 4 (substratos x sombreamento x idade da muda), com três repetições de três mudas. Foi observado maior crescimento e qualidade das mudas em substrato terra + areia + cama de frango e nas condições de 30% de sombra e pleno sol. Conclui-se que para produção de mudas de Tocoyena formosa a melhor condição de luminosidade é 30% de sombra e em pleno solem substrato TACF.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO PINHÃO-MANSO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES REGIMES HÍDRICOS EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO
Authors: Padilha Neriane de Souza , Silva Cesar José da , Pereira Silvio Bueno , Silva João Alfredo Neto da , Heid Débora Menani , Bottega Simone Priscila , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e algumas variáveis fisiológicas de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) submetido a diferentes regimes hídricos em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, em Dourados-MS. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos regimes hídricos de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco regimes hídricos e cinco repetições. As avaliações de altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas foram realizadas em seis épocas, enquanto as variáveis condutância estomática e taxa fotossintética foram determinadas em duas épocas. No término do experimento avaliaram-se área foliar, massa seca de folhas, pecíolos, caules e raízes de todas as plantas de pinhão-manso. Os regimes hídricos de 60 e 80% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo proporcionam as melhores respostas para as variáveis fisiológicas e de crescimento na fase inicial do pinhão-manso. Teores de água disponível em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, abaixo de 60% e superiores a 80% da capacidade de retenção de água no solo, induzem sinais de estresse hídrico em plantas jovens de pinhão-manso.
ALTERAÇÕES FISIOLÓGICAS DURANTE A HIDRATAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Dalbergia nigra ((VELL.) FR. ALL. EX BENTH.)
Authors: Ataíde Glauciana da Mata , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima e , Gonçalves José Francisco de Carvalho , Guimarães Valéria Monteze , Flores Andressa Vasconcelos
Published: July 2016

Durante a germinação, uma série de eventos sequenciais ocorre nas sementes em resposta a fatores endógenos e/ou exógenos às mesmas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes da hidratação controlada em água e da temperatura (fatores exógenos) em sementes de Dalbergia nigra (jacarandá-da-bahia). Para tanto, dois lotes de sementes, um de alto e um de baixo vigor foram utilizados nos ensaios. As sementes pertencentes aos dois lotes, após desinfestadas com Captan 0,5%, foram então hidratadas em água, pelo método da atmosfera úmida (umidade relativa de 95-99%), até atingirem quatro níveis de hidratação: 10, 15, 20 ou 25% de teor de água nas sementes, nas temperaturas de 15 e 25ºC. Após os tratamentos foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: curva de embebição, percentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade (IVG) e condutividade elétrica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na resposta fisiológica das sementes entre as temperaturas. Por outro lado, para a hidratação verificou-se que até 15% do teor de água aumentou a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de ambos os lotes, que apresentaram maiores valores de germinação, IVG e menores quantidades de compostos lixiviados. A partir de 15% de teor de água verificou-se redução na qualidade das sementes classificadas como de alto vigor, enquanto aquelas de baixo vigor continuaram apresentando respostas positivas em 20 e 25% de teor de água. Diante disto, conclui-se que a técnica de hidratação controlada em água favorece a germinação de sementes de Dalbergia nigra, independentemente do vigor das mesmas. A hidratação no teor de água de 15% é a mais indicada para incrementar a qualidade das sementes. A hidratação nos valores abaixo ou acima resultaram em redução no estímulo.
LIGNIFICAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE Eucalyptus grandis (HILL EX MAIDEN) COM GA3 E BAP
Authors: Pereira Regina Paula Willemen , Monteiro Maria Beatriz de Oliveira , Abreu Heber dos Santos
Published: July 2016

Nesta pesquisa foram realizados experimentos com duas classes de hormônios vegetais (giberelina e citocinina); com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do ácido giberélico e 6-benzilaminopurina (GA3 e BAP) sobre a lignificação e o crescimento longitudinal em mudas de Eucalyptus grandis. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, na qual foram aplicados os reguladores de crescimento combinados ou isolados, nas seguintes concentrações: GA3 (49,13 μM e 98,26 μM); BAP (111 μM e 222 μM), com cinco repetições para cada tratamento. As comparações entre as médias da altura das plantas aos 6 meses mostraram que os alongamentos mais pronunciados do caule corresponderam aos tratamentos com a maior concentração de GA3. No tratamento em que foi combinada a menor concentração de GA3 com a menor concentração de BAP (49,13 μM de GA3 + 111 μM de BAP), ocorreu o menor teor de lignina 23,37%.
SYMMETRY CLASSIFICATION OF NEWTONIAN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID'S EQUATIONS FLOW IN TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS
Authors: Dastranj Elham
Published: July 2016

Lie-group method is applicable to both linear and nonlinear partial dierential equations, which leads to nd new solutions for partial dierential equations. Lie symmetry group method is applied to study Newtonian incompressible uid’s equations ow in turbulent boundary layers. (Flow and heat transfer of an incompressible viscous uid over a stretching sheet appear in several manufacturing processes of industry such as the extrusion of polymers, the cooling of metallic plates, the aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets, etc. In the glass industry, blowing, oating or spinning of bres are processes, which involve the ow due to a stretching surface.) The symmetry group and its optimal system are given, and group invariant solutions associated to the symmetries are obtained [9, 10]. Finally the structure of the Lie algebra such as Levi decomposition, radical subalgebra, solvability and simplicity of symmetries is given.
VALORAÇÃO MONETÁRIA DAS ÁRVORES DA SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA DE PIRACICABA/SP
Authors: Mendes Flávio Henrique , Polizel Jefferson Lordello , Silva Filho Demóstenes Ferreira da
Published: July 2016

This research aimed to study the tree composition and the tree monetary appraisal at the Holy House of Mercy of Piracicaba (SP), through biometrics informations and plant assessment of root, root crown, trunk and crown, in a relational database. We did the trees census above 0.05 m of DBH (diameter at breast height) and we found 300 individuals, distributed in 67 species, 59 genus and 30 botanical families, highlighting the species Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (10.7%), Caesalpinia pluviosa DC. (9.7%) and Ficus benjamina L. (6.0%), the genus Tabebuia (8.5%) and the families Bignoniaceae (15.3%), Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae (12.7%) and Chrysobalanaceae (10.7%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 3.56 and the tree appraisal, R$ 1,910,488.20, the individual average value was R$ 6,368.29 and the most valuable tree, Lophanthera lactescens Ducke, R$ 64,723.03.  The registration method in relational database proved to be efficient and organized for storage and processing data, as well as the free software Quantum GIS version 2.6, capable to prepare maps about the location of selected trees.
MODELAGEM DO COMPORTAMENTO DISPERSIVO DE MATERIAL IMPACTANTE EM UM LAGO POR MEIO DA EQUAÇÃO DE DIFUSÃO-ADVECÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Arinos Alves da Silva , Gomes Jessica Lemos , Souza Lays Carolline , Silva Jaqueline Maria da
Published: July 2016

The exponential and uncontrolled growth of the world population can affect the population’s quality of life and lead to various environment and health problems, such as deforestation to make way for new housing and an increase in the water supply demand and in the amount of pollutants released in the water bodies. Several mathematical models have been developed to try to understand and solve problems of dispersion of pollutants in aquatic environments. This article aims to study, analyze and model the dispersion behavior of contaminants and pollutants in a lake using the Diffusion-Advection differential equations model.
INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ANTICANCER DRUGS - A REVIEW
Authors: Ghasemi Ashraf Sadat , Deilam Mahsan , Ashrafi Fereydoun
Published: July 2016

In many literatures, both experimental and computational study on molecular structure and spectroscopic assignments of anticancer drugs has been reported. The molecular geometry was obtained from the X-ray structure determination exprimentally and optimized using computational chemistry methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. In this review, we have investigated calculations based on density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. From the optimized geometry of the molecules, Molecular structure (bond lengths, bond angles and torsion angles) and vibrational assignments have been obtained.
The different faces of pulmonary hydatid disease
Authors: Thula Stanley Amos , Ndlovu Meryline , Masekela Refiloe
Published: July 2016

 

Hydatid disease is responsible for causing cystic disease. In children, it classically involves the liver, lung and brain but can involve almost any organ or numerous organs simultaneously. e lung is the most common target organ in children, while in adults hepatic involvement is more common. We present three case reports of children who presented with hydatid disease with varying clinical manifestations of pulmonary hydatidosis and complications, and their related management.

 
An analysis of outcomes in children with cystic fibrosis in a tertiary African centre: A retrospective study.
Authors: Mphahlele Reratilwe Ephenia , Naidoo Visva , Thula Stanley Amos , Masekela Refiloe
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disorder in Caucasians that has become increasingly prevalent in populations of African descent. The clinical presentation in African children with CF is commonly related to nutritional and growth abnormalities.

Aims/Objectives: To describe clinical, laboratory and spirometric characteristics of children followed up at the CF Clinic at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of clinical, laboratory and spirometric data of patients registered from January 2013 to January 2016.

Results:  The data was reviewed for 15 patients mean age 132 months (range 26- 219 months), with 53% males. 60% of these children were Caucasians, 26,7% of these being of black African descent. Collectively, the mean age of diagnosis was 45 months (0- 156), although this was higher in the non-Caucasians at 104 months (range 48-156) versus 1,3 months (range 0-3) in Caucasians. The Caucasian group had better nutritional status when compared to non-Caucasians with BMI of 17,2kg/m2 vs 14,5 kg/m2, respectively. Age at diagnosis had a negative correlation with weight-for-age Z score (-0,61; p < 0.05) and BMI (-0,54; p<0.05). The mean FEV1 % predicted was 70.0 (16,1- 120,2). FEV1% predicted had a positive correlation with both weight z-score (0,83; p < 0.001) and BMI (0.59; p < 0.05). Chronic pseudomonas infection occurred only in 2 patients, both of whom were above the age of 16 years. On mutational analysis 5 of the non-Caucasian patients had no mutations identified on the 30 panel mutation used for testing. phelF508.del was the most commonly identified mutation in Caucasians; with 4 homozygotes and 4 heterozygotes.

Conclusion: Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed late in non-Caucasian children in South Africa impacting their growth and lung functions. There is a need for a genetic panel that includes mutations specific for children of African descent.
Methods of creating and observing atomically reconstructed vertical Si{100}, {110}, and {111} side-surfaces
Authors: Hattori Azusa N. , Takemoto Shohei , Hattori Ken , Daimon Hiroshi , Tanaka Hidekazu
Published: July 2016

We demonstrated the creation of atomically ordered side-surfaces and examined the perfection of the side-surface structures. Atomically reconstructed Si{100}, {110}, and {111} side-surfaces, which are perpendicular to planar surfaces, were first realized on three-dimensionally patterned Si substrates. The 2 × 1, 16 × 2, and 7 × 7 diffraction spots from the side-surfaces were confirmed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Epitaxial ultrathin metal and metal silicide films with an atomically matched lateral interface were grown on the side-surfaces. Methods of creating and observing well-defined surfaces enable the epitaxial growth of an arbitrary geometry, which becomes a key technique for nanoconstruction in three-dimensional space.
Impact of graphene–graphite films on electrical properties of Al2O3 metal–insulator–semiconductor structure
Authors: Choi Kyeong-Keun , Kee Jong , Park Chan-Gyung , Kim Deok-kee
Published: July 2016

The diffusion barrier property of directly grown graphene–graphite films between Al2O3 films and Si substrates was evaluated using metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) structures. The roughness, morphology, sheet resistance, Raman spectrum, chemical composition, and breakdown field strength of the films were investigated after rapid thermal annealing. About 2.5-nm-thick graphene–graphite films effectively blocked the formation of the interfacial layer between Al2O3 films and Si, which was confirmed by the decreased breakdown field strength of graphene–graphite film structures. After annealing at 975 °C for 90 s, the increase in the mean breakdown field strength of the structure with the ∼2.5-nm-thick graphene–graphite film was about 91% (from 8.7 to 16.6 MV/cm), while that without the graphene–graphite film was about 187% (from 11.2 to 32.1 MV/cm). Si atom diffusion into Al2O3 films was reduced by applying the carbon-based diffusion barrier.
Elastic and viscoelastic characterization of inhomogeneous polymers by bimodal atomic force microscopy
Authors: Nguyen Hung K. , Ito Makiko , Nakajima Ken
Published: July 2016

The elastic and viscoelastic responses of inhomogeneous polymers upon interacting with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe are simultaneously characterized by a bimodal AFM approach namely the amplitude- and frequency-modulation (AM–FM) method. In this approach, the AFM probe is operated in the AM mode at the first flexural frequency and in the FM mode at a higher flexural frequency. The AM mode provides information about the viscoelasticity of polymers in terms of the mechanical loss tangent, whereas the modulus of polymers is obtained as a function of the frequency shift of flexural frequencies in both modes. For a glassy polymer blend, the AM–FM method provides a consistent result in both the elastic modulus and loss tangent in comparison with those obtained by other methods. Moreover, a significant improvement of the contrast and lateral resolution in the AM–FM modulus image can be observed. However, the current approach shows a substantial increase in the modulus of rubbery polymers.
Helium release during shale deformation: Experimental validation
Authors: Bauer Stephen J. , Gardner W. Payton , Heath Jason E.
Published: July 2016

This work describes initial experimental results of helium tracer release monitoring during deformation of shale. Naturally occurring radiogenic 4He is present in high concentration in most shales. During rock deformation, accumulated helium could be released as fractures are created and new transport pathways are created. We present the results of an experimental study in which confined reservoir shale samples, cored parallel and perpendicular to bedding, which were initially saturated with helium to simulate reservoir conditions, are subjected to triaxial compressive deformation. During the deformation experiment, differential stress, axial, and radial strains are systematically tracked. Release of helium is dynamically measured using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector. Helium released during deformation is observable at the laboratory scale and the release is tightly coupled to the shale deformation. These first measurements of dynamic helium release from rocks undergoing deformation show that helium provides information on the evolution of microstructure as a function of changes in stress and strain.
Irrigation impacts on California's climate with the variable‐resolution CESM
Authors: Huang Xingying , Ullrich Paul A.
Published: July 2016

The variable‐resolution capability within the Community Earth System Model (VR‐CESM) is applied to understand the impact of irrigation on the regional climate of California. Irrigation is an important contributor to the regional climate of heavily irrigated regions, and within the U.S. there are few regions that are as heavily irrigated as California's Central Valley, responsible for 25% of domestic agricultural products. A flexible irrigation scheme with relatively realistic estimates of agricultural water use is employed. The impact of irrigation on mean climatology and heat extremes is investigated over the 26 year period 1980–2005 using a relatively fine grid resolution of
(∼28 km). Three simulations are performed, including an unirrigated control run and two irrigation‐enabled runs, with results compared to gridded observations and weather station data sets. During the summer months (when irrigation peaks), irrigation leads to cooling of the daily maximum near‐surface temperature field (Tmax) by approximately 1.1 K. Under irrigation, latent heat flux increased by ∼61% during the daytime as a result of increased surface evaporation; specific humidity increased by about 12%; heat stress was reduced by 22% and the average soil moisture exhibited a small (∼4.4%) but statistically significant increase. Compared with observations, irrigation improved the frequency distribution of Tmax, and both length and frequency of hot spells were better represented with irrigation enabled. Consequently, we argue that high‐resolution simulations of regional climate in CESM, particularly over heavily irrigated regions, should likely enable the irrigation parameterization to better represent local temperature statistics.
Suppression of liver Apo E secretion leads to HDL/cholesterol immaturity in rats administered ethinylestradiol
Authors: Yamaguchi Kosuke , Ishii Mariko , Maeda Naoyuki , Iwano Hidetomo , Yokota Hiroshi
Published: July 2016

Ethinylestradiol (EE), a main component of the combined oral contraceptive pill, is associated with an increased risk of arterial diseases. However, the toxicity mechanism of EE is poorly understood. In this study, we found that the exposure to EE reduced the serum apolipoprotein E (Apo E) level and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)/cholesterol concentration in adult female rats. Diethylstilbestrol showed the same effects and both reductions were suppressed by coadministration of tamoxifen (TAM). Liver perfusion experiments revealed that the secretion rate of Apo E from the liver was significantly reduced. It is concluded that EE damages the maturation of HDL/cholesterol by delaying Apo E secretion from the liver, and this may lead to an increased risk of arterial diseases, such as atheromas.
Tumor prevention facilitates delayed transplant of stem cell‐derived motoneurons
Authors: Magown Philippe , Brownstone Robert M. , Rafuse Victor F.
Published: July 2016

Objective

Nerve injuries resulting in prolonged periods of denervation result in poor recovery of motor function. We have previously shown that embryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons transplanted at the time of transection into a peripheral nerve can functionally reinnervate muscle. For clinical relevance, we now focused on delaying transplantation to assess reinnervation after prolonged denervation.

Methods

Embryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons were transplanted into the distal segments of transected tibial nerves in adult mice after prolonged denervation of 1–8 weeks. Twitch and tetanic forces were measured ex vivo 3 months posttransplantation. Tissue was harvested from the transplants for culture and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

In this delayed reinnervation model, teratocarcinomas developed in about one half of transplants. A residual multipotent cell population (~ 6% of cells) was found despite neural differentiation. Exposure to the alkylating drug mitomycin C eliminated this multipotent population in vitro while preserving motoneurons. Treating neural differentiated stem cells prior to delayed transplantation prevented tumor formation and resulted in twitch and tetanic forces similar to those in animals transplanted acutely after denervation.

Interpretation

Despite a neural differentiation protocol, embryonic stem cell‐derived motoneurons still carry a risk of tumorigenicity. Pretreating with an antimitotic agent leads to survival and functional muscle reinnervation if performed within 4 weeks of denervation in the mouse.
Does a Judicial Warning Improve Defendant‐Culprit Matching?
Authors: Thompson W. Burt , Dunkelberger Nicole , Vescio Salvatore , Elling Claire
Published: July 2016

During a trial, jurors may be asked to compare the defendant with video of the culprit. Yet matching unfamiliar people in this manner can be difficult and error‐prone. Judges may warn jurors about the dangers of identification from video images, but the effect of warnings is unknown. Here we report two studies that assessed the effect of warning instructions on defendant‐culprit matching. In Experiment 1, college students read either control, warning, or illustrated warning instructions before deciding if a defendant seen in one video matched the culprit in another video. Experiment 2 compared control and warning instructions in a sample of Amazon Mechanical Turk workers. Matching accuracy in both experiments was poor, and warnings did not consistently improve performance or make participants more cautious. These results do not support the supposition that warning instructions help jurors compare the defendant to images of the culprit.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indefinitely Intermediate: Processes of Ruralisation in Chisinau, Moldova
Authors: Parvu Sandra
Published: July 2016

For a capital city, Chisinau displays an unusual proliferation of vernacular architecture – conceived in relation to the natural rather than political landscape. Architect, writer and educator Sandra Parvu examines how the Moldovan government's limited resources to impose urban order have allowed urban rurality to flourish, leading to a harmonious balance between the metropolitan and the pastoral.
Cultivating the Field in the Global Hinterland: Community Building for Mass Housing in the Amazon Region
Authors: Hehl Rainer
Published: July 2016

The large‐scale residential settlements that have sprung up over the last decade to house migrants flocking to join Brazil's burgeoning rural industries are in urgent need of retrofitting with infrastructure and community facilities if they are to become sustainable. To this end, international urban design practice the BAÚ Collaborative has initiated the ‘Eden’ project – a participatory design process that involves state authorities, local NGOs, residents and social workers. Rainer Hehl, a cofounder of BAÚ, outlines the problem, the project, and its test‐site: the mining town of Parauapebas.
Palm Oil: A New Ethics of Visibility for the Production Landscape
Authors: Topalovic Milica
Published: July 2016

The explosion of the palm oil industry in recent decades has transformed vast swathes of the Malaysian and Indonesian countryside. Milica Topalovic, Assistant Professor of Architecture and Territorial Planning at ETH Zurich, asserts that the resulting agro‐industrial landscapes challenge the very concept of what is rural, and considers how such areas should be conceptualised.
Fieldoffice Architects In Situ: Reflecting on the Rural‐Urban Mix in Yilan, Taiwan
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Yuan , Hung Yu‐Hsiang
Published: July 2016

Yilan is generally considered a rural county with a city at its heart. Fieldoffice Architects, whose team live and work entirely in this area and are deeply immersed in its community, take a more holistic view. Their collaborative approach blurs the boundaries between rural and urban, with architecture and environmental design projects interconnecting to form part of a regional framework. Principal Sheng‐Yuan Huang and Project Architect Yu‐Hsiang Hung reflect on their practice.
New Territories: Deconstructing and Constructing Countryside – The Great Divide of Rural and Urban In Hong Kong
Authors: Lange Christiane
Published: July 2016

When mass immigration led to a sixfold population increase in the first two postwar decades, the Hong Kong government's response was to build nine new towns, designate 40 per cent of the land as country parks for urban dwellers' benefit, and allocate buildable plots as compensation to displaced villagers. Guest‐Editor Christiane Lange examines how these well meaning efforts broke the cultural and social ties between people and the land that are essential to sustaining a productive rural landscape: a cautionary tale for designers and planners involved in developing the countryside.
Don't Waste Your Time in the Countryside
Authors: Schumacher Patrik
Published: July 2016

With the countryside becoming ever more sparsely populated as fewer people are needed to keep rural enterprises running, is there any point in engaging architects there? Patrik Schumacher, partner at Zaha Hadid Architects, argues that their time and skills are put to better use in cities, where buildings impact a far greater number of individuals and their social and cultural functionality is more important. Engineers, meanwhile, are perfectly equipped to devise generic solutions for the rural realm.
De novo frameshift mutation in COUP‐TFII (NR2F2) in human congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: High Frances A. , Bhayani Pooja , Wilson Jay M. , Bult Carol J. , Donahoe Patricia K. , Longoni Mauro
Published: July 2016

COUP‐TFII (NR2F2) is mapped to the 15q26 deletion hotspot associated with the common and highly morbid congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Conditional homozygous deletions of COUP‐TFII in mice result in diaphragmatic defects analogous to the human Bochdalek‐type hernia phenotype. Despite evidence from animal models however, mutations in the coding sequence of COUP‐TFII have not been reported in patients, prompting the speculation that additional coding or non‐coding sequences in the 15q26 locus are necessary for diaphragmatic hernias to develop. In this report, we describe a case of a patient with a heterozygous de novo COUP‐TFII frameshift mutation, presenting with CDH and an atrial septal defect. The p.Pro33AlafsTer77 mutation specifically disrupts protein isoform 1 which contains the DNA binding domain. In addition, we review other COUP‐TFII sequence variations and deletions that have been described in cases of CDH. We conclude that COUP‐TFII mutations can cause diaphragmatic hernias, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of CDH patients, particularly those with comorbid congenital heart defects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Aqueous Growth of Hematite Nanoplate Arrays Directly on Transparent Conductive Substrates and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties
Authors: Wang Jian , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: July 2016

Two‐dimensional (2D) hematite nanoplate arrays were synthesized directly on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass by using a facile and novel hydrothermal method. High‐temperature annealing retained the morphology of the nanoplate arrays while simultaneously introducing porosity. The thickness and length of the nanoplates could be tailored by adjusting the precursor composition. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements showed that the photocurrent generated with bare hematite nanoplate photoelectrode under backside illumination was about four times of that under frontside illumination in the entire bias range used, which suggested that slow electron transport was a limiting factor for its PEC performance. Upon Sn doping and Co‐Pi co‐catalyst addition, the photocurrent increased significantly owing to the enhancement of electron conductivity and oxidation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted to understand the surface properties of the nanoplate arrays. Since this strategy is simple, cost‐effective, and highly reproducible, it provides exciting opportunities for the large‐scale growth of porous 2D metal oxide photoelectrodes for a variety of photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.