bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Versus Open Inguinal Ligation of Varicocele: A Study of 60 Cases
Authors: Mansoor Muhammad , Ali Arif , Kumar Naresh , Dilawar Suhail , Ahmed Khan Saeed , Hussain Shahid
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the results of trans-peritoneal laparoscopic varicocelectomy with open inguinal technique in terms of operation time, post-operative pain and analgesic requirement, post-operative complications and hospital stay. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Place & Duration of study: Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, from January 2017 to December 2020. Methodology: This prospective study composed of 60 patients diagnosed as primary varicocele clinically or as asymptomatic on Doppler U/S. They were divided into two groups on the basis of type of operation by alternate methods. In Group A (n=32), laparoscopic varicocelectomy was performed while in Group B (n=28), open inguinal method was used. Their clinical presentations, operation times, postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, hospital stay and postoperative complications were noted and analyzed. Results: Out of 60 patients included, the age range was from 18-30 years.41.6% patients were asymptomatic and were referred to us because they were declared unfit for recruitment. Left sided varicocele was diagnosed in 81.6% patients, while 16.6% were bilateral. Grade II was most common seen in 60% of patients. Operation time for unilateral laparoscopic varicocelectomy was 17.25±2.1minutes, while open unilateral time was 42.5±3.4 minutes. Post-operative pain and hospital stay were significantly better in laparoscopic group (p value<.001). Postoperative wound related complications and secondary hydrocele was more in open group. In laparoscopic group, subcutaneous emphysema was noted in early postoperative period in 3 patients (9.3%) and portside hernia in one patient (3.1%). Recurrence rate was more in open cases (14.2%), versus 6.2% in laparoscopic group. Conclusion: Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a simple and safe technique causing minimal morbidity with early recovery and better surgical outcome. Keywords: Varicocele, Laparoscopic Ligation, Open ligation
Role of Multistrain Probiotic as Supportive Therapy in Reducing the Frequency and Severity of Respiratory Infections in Children
Authors: Farrukh Riffat , Masood Shaheen , Naseer Amber , Rizvi Qamar , sultana Sarwat , Nasir Farhina
Published: November 2021

Background: Respiratory tract infection is a disease that can result in high mortality and morbidity. Factors related with severe respiratory infections in children comprise the age of young children, male sex, malnutrition, incomplete vaccination status and breastfeeding only children. This analysis targets the Role of multi-strain probiotics as supportive therapy in reducing the frequency and severity of respiratory infections among children. Place and Duration: In the Pediatric Medicine department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi for six months duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study in 74 children aged 2 months to 5 years with respiratory infections receiving standard therapy and multi strains probiotics versus standard therapy and placebo. The assessment regarding treatment was done in both groups. Results following 7 days of adjuvant treatment alienated into group I (n = 37) (standard therapy and multi strains probiotics) and II Group (n = 37) (placebo and standard therapy). The factors evaluated in this analysis included subject characteristics, duration of stay, duration of fever, dyspnea, withdrawal, C-reactive protein, rales, breast history and probiotics use. The analysis of data was accomplished using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The males were 51.4% and females were 49.6%), breastfeeding (83.8% in Group-I vs 67.6% in Group-II), children who were not malnourished (81.1% in Group-I vs 86.5% in Group-II), and children who completed vaccination history (91.9% in Group-I versus 78.4% in Group-II). As shown in Table 1 in groups I and II, correspondingly, the mean concentration of CRP in subjects diagnosed with respiratory infections was not statistically significant in 1st group (30.10 (20.01-44.60 mg / l), relative to Group II (28.23 (19.20-46.12 mg / l), respectively (P = 0.39).Multivariate analysis with Ancova showed that probiotics can significantly decrease the time of Rale by 5.84 hours (p = 0.021, CI 95% -10.90 - (- 0.87). Conclusions: In this study, it was found that multi strains probiotic therapy significantly reduced the duration of Rale among children with infections of the upper respiratory tract. Keywords: Respiratory tract infections, children, multi strain probiotics, efficiency.
Impact of maternal nationality on caesarean section rate variation in a high-income country
Authors: Shittu Saheed , Alansari Lolwa , Nattouf Fahed , Olukade Tawa , Abdallah Naji
Published: November 2021

Background: Caesarean section (CS) rates have been reported to differ between immigrants and native-born women in high-income countries.

Objective: We assessed the CS rate and its relationship with the CS rate in country of nationality and other explanatory factors among women of different nationalities including Qatari women who underwent deliveries at our hospital to generate evidence that will quantify and help explain the observed CS rates in our hospital.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the second-largest public maternity hospital in Qatar, Al-Wakra Hospital (AWH), data for all births delivered in 2019 were retrieved from the hospital's electronic medical records. The CS rates and the crude and adjusted risks of Caesarean delivery for mothers from each nationality were determined, and the common indications for CS were analyzed based on nationality. The association between nationality and Caesarean delivery was examined using binomial logistic regression analysis, with Qatari women as the reference group. The correlation between CS rate in country of nationality and observed CS rates in Qatar was also examined using Pearson's correlation.

Results: The study population consisted of 4816 births by women of 68 nationalities, of which 4513 births were by women from 25 countries. The highest proportion of deliveries (n-1247, 25.9%) was by Indian women. The frequency of CS was the highest and lowest among Egyptian (49.6%) and Yemeni women (17.9%), respectively. Elective CS was predominantly performed in women of Arab nationalities; the most common indication was a history of previous multiple CSs. Emergency CS was primarily performed in women of Asian and Sub-Saharan African nationalities; the most common indications were failure to progress and fetal distress. For most nationalities, the CS rate in Qatar was associated with those of the countries of nationality.

Conclusions: The observed CS rates varied widely among women of different nationalities. The variation was influenced by maternal factors and medical indications as well as the CS rates in the country of nationality. We posit that cultural preferences, acculturation, and patient expectations influenced observed findings. More efforts are required to reduce primary CS rates and to help women make the most informed decisions regarding modes of delivery.

Key Message: CS rates varied widely among women of different nationalities. The variation was influenced by medical indications, maternal preferences, and CS rate in countries of nationality. The solution to reducing CS rates should be a culturally informed response.
The Effects of Property Rights Violations on Economic Independence of Widows in Rarieda Sub-County
Authors:   Kisii University, Kenya, Kogada John Okandi , Nyandoro George Obara ,   Kisii University, Kenya, Mogusu Jeanne ,   Kisii University, Kenya
Published: November 2021

The right of women to possess, enjoy and dispose of their property is a universal human right recognized by international human rights treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, among many other regional and national instruments. Even with the enactment of laws protecting women's property rights, widows' deprivation has continued unabated. Most widows live in conditions out of the need to conform to social norms demands and meet the most basic of their needs and that of their children. The study determined a) factors influencing property rights violations b) effects of property rights on the economic independence of widows. This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive research design, and semi-structured and unstructured questionnaires were used to collect data. This design helped collect accurate data on property rights violations faced by the study population and how they influenced their economic independence. The study population consisted of widows in Rarieda Sub County. Systematic random sampling technique was used to obtain the 230 respondents to whom questionnaires were administered to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. The study found that major causes of these violations included customs and traditions, poverty, lack of knowledge of laws governing property ownership, and lack of proper enforcement of these laws by the government. 76.5% (176) of the widows were found to have not gained any property post losing their husbands. These widows indicated to have relied on aid from the government, NGOs, and willing family members to make ends meet. The study findings showed clearly that most widows suffer property rights violations in Rarieda sub-county, Siaya County. This, in turn, affects their economic independence. Cultural norms and traditions were found to be among the major factors which influence property rights violations among widows. Traditions do not allow women to inherit their father's or father-in-law's property; hence they are always left at the mercy of the husband's family. The study recommends that the community be encouraged to rethink their customary laws and align this to the provisions of various statutes/laws that grant women the right to inherit property. Keywords: Economic Independence, Property Rights, Widow, Inheritance
Hypernatremia in Newborn Due to Uncontrolled Maternal Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Lee Kyungmi , Kim Eun Sun , Cho Kee Hyun
Published: December 2021

Neonatal hypernatremia often occurs in poorly breastfeeding infants, and rehydration without complications is the primary treatment. However, the etiologies and management for neonates who present with hypernatremia immediately after birth are not well reported. In this case report, we describe a neonate with hypernatremia and hyperosmolality, born to a mother with oligohydramnios of unknown etiology. Meticulous fluid therapies considering the time to physiologic diuresis were successfully performed, and the underlying cause was determined to be an uncontrolled maternal central diabetes insipidus.
O impacto da pandemia em cirurgias ginecológicas no Brasil de 2019 a 2021
Authors: Matias Camila de Melo Cesarino , Araújo Carolina Gonçalves , Porto Fernanda Helena Sales de Paula , Albuquerque Luiza Gaigher
Published: November 2021

O impacto da pandemia em cirurgias ginecológicas no Brasil de 2019 a 2021. Em dezembro de 2019, surgiu um novo vírus, na China: o Coronavírus 2019 (Sars-COV-2. Este vírus, que se disseminou pelo mundo tem causado um aumento significativo de internações hospitalares com morbidade e mortalidade variáveis. Desta forma, medidas restritivas têm sido adotadas para evitar a disseminação da doença e evitar a sobrecarga dos sistemas de saúde, dentre elas o cancelamento de cirurgias eletivas de todas as especialidades, incluindo a ginecologia e obstetrícia. Este trabalho objetiva mapear o impacto da pandemia na reduçõo de procedimentos ginecológicos nas 5 regiões do Brasil no período de outubro de 2019 a outubro de 2021,assim facilitando o fornecimento de dados nesta área, Série temporal discursiva, sobre o número de procedimentos ginecológicos realizados entre outubro de 2019 a outubro deP 2021, no Brasil. Em agosto de 2020 o total de procedimentos ginecológicos era de 23.164, caindo para 11.860 e chegando a 9.449 em 2021, evidenciando uma redução de 40,6% no total de procedimentos realizados no mesmo período. Os efeitos da Pandemia foram sentidos a partir do mês de março de 2020, meses em que havia superlotação de hospitais e medidas de restrição. Isto se mostrou mais evidente nas regiões Sudeste, Sul, e Centro Oeste, com índices de queda de procedimentos em torno de 40%, isto provavelmente se deve ao fato de estas regiões possuírem maior número de atendimentos e maior ocupação de leitos pela pandemia. A importância dos dados encontrados neste artigo deve-se ao fato de que quando consideramos as consequências da diminuição de volume de procedimentos cirúrgicos na área de ginecologia, principalmente para aquelas pacientes que dependem de tratamento cirúrgico precoce para que suas doenças não tenham pior prognóstico, influenciando dramaticamente seu tratatamento e consequentemente sua qualidade de vida. Apesar da apreensão sobre a disseminação pelo SARS COV-2 ter seu respaldo justificado pela sua importância no contexto atual deve-se manter essas pacientes sem tratamento adequado, seria a opção que lhes traria maior benefício à saúde. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pandemia, Cirurgias, Ginecologia, Indicadores, Epidemiologia
Undiagnosed Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Adult People Living in Southern Ethiopia: Discovery From Gunchire Woreda of Gurage Zone
Authors: Haligamo Demamu , Ayalew Abinet , Genemo Hilina , Yiriga Nega
Published: December 2021

Background: Hypertension is defined as two or more readings of systolic blood pressure measurement of 130 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure measurement of 80 mm Hg or higher. Symptoms of hypertension (HTN) are often not detectable at early stages and because of this many people with the disease are mostly left undiagnosed. Undiagnosed HTN is the one that increases the risk of complications such as renal failure, heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke and premature death. There is no report concerning undiagnosed hypertension in the area. This study is aimed to assess prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors among adult peoples.Method: Community based Cross-sectional study design was conducted. English version questionnaire was used to collect data from 574 households. The data was collected and analyzed by SPSS version.23. The association between dependent and independent variables was tested by using multivariate regression at P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI.Result: Out of 590 participants, 108 (18.8%) respondents were cigarette smokers and 143 (24.9%) were khat chewers. About 106 (18.5%) of respondents have sedentary lifestyle. A total of 260 (45.3%) of respondents were identified as having undiagnosed hypertension. Respondents having sedentary life style had about 2.24 time’s higher risk of undiagnosed HTN than those who didn’t have sedentary life style. BMI, sedentary life style, cigarettes smoking, health seeking behavior, dietary habit and monthly income were significant predictors of undiagnosed HTN.Conclusion: Based on the identified high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, the finding suggests awareness creation for community members about undiagnosed hypertension, its symptoms and ways of managing it.
A imaginária da Igreja Matriz de Santo Antônio dos Anjos de Laguna
Authors: Nedel Paulo Augusto
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem o intuito de analisar a Igreja Matriz de Santo Antônio dos Anjos de Laguna, dando ênfase à apresentação de seus bens integrados e sua imaginária, para, a partir disso, destacar sua composição estatuária atual, classificando as imagens conforme seu material, sua tipologia, sua época e o ciclo iconográfico em que se inserem.
Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty are Associated With Lower Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Patient Satisfaction Scores Compared With Primary Arthroplasty
Authors: Mercier Michael R. , Galivanche Anoop R. , Pathak Neil , Mets Elbert J. , Molho David A. , Elaydi Ali H. , Grauer Jonathan N. , Rubin Lee E.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

As rates of primary total joint arthroplasty continue to rise, so do rates of revision. Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are more frequently done at larger centers, are associated with higher morbidity, and may have different patient satisfaction outcomes. This study compares the survey results of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) between patients who underwent primary versus revision THA or TKA.

Methods:

All adult patients who underwent inpatient, elective, primary, and revision THA or TKA at a single institution were selected for retrospective analysis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, functional status, surgical variables, 30-day outcomes, and HCAHPS scores were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine correlations between the aforementioned variables and top-box HCAHPS survey scores for primary versus revision THA and TKA.

Results:

Of 2,707 patients who met the inclusion criteria and had returned the HCAHPS survey, primary THA was documented in 1,075 patients (39.71%), revision THA in 75 (2.77%), primary TKA in 1,497 (55.30%), and revision TKA in 60 (2.22%). Revision THA patients were more functionally dependent, and TKA patients had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score than their primary comparators. Revisions had longer hospital length of stay for both procedures. For THA, revision THA patients demonstrated lower total top-box rates compared withprimary THA patients (71.64% versus 75.67% top-box, P < 0.001) and lower scores on the care from doctors subsection (76.26% versus 85.34%, P < 0.001) of the HCAHPS survey. Similarly, for TKA, revision TKA patients demonstrated lower total top-box rates (76.13% versus 79.22%, P < 0.013) and lower scores on the care from doctors subsection (66.28% versus 83.65%, P < 0.001) of the HCAHPS survey.

Discussion:

For both THA and TKA, revision procedures were associated with lower total HCAHPS scores and rated care from doctors. This suggests that HCAHPS scores may be biased by factors outside the surgeon's control, such as the complexity associated with revision procedures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Gender equality and family policies in the Scandinavian countries context (Sweden model)
Authors:   Azerbaijan University of Languages, Aghayeva Kifayat
Published: November 2021

Over the last decades, the Scandinavian countries have been engaged to modernize the conditions in families, by achieving gender equality. The path to gender equality at work, in the labor market and in families, however, continues to be strewn with obstacles that need to be overcome. The analysis of current trends in the region still yields a mixed picture of complicated question of gender equality in both families and the labor market.
Resettlements of Armenians in Erivan 1828-1917
Authors:   Institute of the History of Science, Aliyev Zaur
Published: November 2021

In the scientific article locating Armenian population to northern Azerbaijan from Iran, Southern Azerbaijan and Ottoman Empire by tsar Russia are dealt with greatly. Deliberately transferred Armenian population was located mainly in the regions as Iravan, Nakhchivan and Garabakh. As a result the situation in these areas was changed in favor of the Armenians artificially. In this article we tried that, could show the changes of population placed in Iravan province and the changes of the population placed in geographically Iravan province and by years dynamic changes of population. In the article during the XIX century the matter of placing other ethnos to our territories by Russia are mentioned. So, beginning from the first years of XIX century with the occupation of Southern Caucasus by Russia by steps up to the end of the century as the result of the departing policy in the territories of Azerbaijan, especially in the Erevan province historically formed ethnic scenery was changed by force.
Fath (conquest) and spreading the Islam in the Azerbaijan by the Chalifat
Authors:   Institute of History named after Abbasgulu Agha Bakikhanov, ANAS, Sharifov Shahlar
Published: November 2021

Azerbaijan is considered to be the largest Muslim republic in the Caucasus. The Azerbaijani people historically remained loyal to their national-moral and religious values, respectfully adhered to their traditions. The spread of Islam in the Caucasus, mostly from Azerbaijan, is a major part of the history of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan played a special role in the development of Islamic values and Islamic civilization in the Caucasus. The Arabian marches in the territory of Azerbaijan were conducted at different stages in terms of the nature and achievement of success. In the first phase of the period 639-642, military service to the region of the Caliphate was to prevent the reunification of the Sassanidunian troops and to become part of the region for the subsequent marches. The process of spreading Islam in Azerbaijan was not long. At the beginning of the VIII century, Islam became a dominant religion of Azerbaijan. In particular, the language policy pursued by the Umayyad caliph Abdulmalik for the caliphate of the caliphate has accelerated the process of spreading the religion of Islam in the regions.
Differential Game Model for Disaster Relief Cooperation between Host Government and Private Sector
Authors: YANG MAN
Published: November 2021

The decision of the private sector to fulfil corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an issue of common concern for the host country government and the private sector in collaborative disaster relief. From the perspective of social responsibility, this paper describes the different cooperation strategies of non-cooperation, cost subsidy, and collaborative cooperation, and constructs a differential game model of disaster relief cooperation between the government and the private sector. The rate of reputational decay has a significant effect on system benefits. The optimal CSR cost subsidy rate is related to marginal revenue and has nothing to do with other factors. Compared with the non-cooperative case, in the situation of the cost of subsidies, as the host country government and marginal revenue is greater than the private sector of the marginal revenue through government subsidies for the private sector in CSR and the government's optimal level of CSR efforts remained unchanged, the optimal level of CSR efforts to improve the private sector, the government, and the private sector's earnings are improving; Compared with the cost subsidy, the optimal CSR effort level of the government and the private sector increases in the case of collaborative cooperation, and so does the system benefit.
DETERMINANT MODEL OF CORPORATE DISCLOSURE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Sanjaya Surya , Ammy Baihaqi , Parlindungan Ronni
Published: November 2021

This research aims to find out the Effect of Company Size, Board of Commissioners Size, and Profitability on Corporate Social Responsibility Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2014-2018. This research approach uses an associative research approach. The method of data collection is done by means of data documentation sourced from the annual report of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on the collection of samples conducted using the check list according to criteria, obtained the number of research samples as many as 6 companies from 15 populations. Research samples during the period 2014-2018 and data analysis techniques in this study are descriptive statistics, classical assumption tests that include normality tests, multicollinearity tests, and heteroskedity tests, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing which includes t test, f test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the Size of the Company had a positive but insignificant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, the Size of the Board of Commissioners had a positive but insignificant effect on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility, and Profitability had a positive but insignificant effect on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on Automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018.
A Case of High Dose Metoprolol Poisoning; Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ocak Metin , Çetinkaya Halil , Kesim Hüseyin
Published: November 2021

β-Blockers are prescribed by physicians for many medical reasons (hypertension, long-term prophylaxis of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stable heart failure treatment, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.). Although cases of β-blocker poisoning have a low rate of 0.9% among all poisoning cases, they have a high mortality rate. In β-blocker poisoning with high lipid solubility; seizures, respiratory depression, coma, resistant bradycardia-hypotension and shock may occur. Metoprolol, a type of β-blocker, is a selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonist with sympathomimetic effect. It is also reported that metoprolol is the 2nd most commonly prescribed β-blocker after bisoprolol all over the world. This article aims to present a case who took high-dose metoprolol for suicidal purposes and to examine metoprolol poisoning and its treatment in the light of current literature.
Fishing, Fishing Boats and Traditional Lore Based on Maritime Memorates Collected in the 19th and 20th Centuries in Ireland and Scotland
Authors: Mac Mathúna Séamus
Published: November 2021

This paper will analyse and assess material contained in a corpus of maritime memorates, or stories of the sea, collected in Ireland and Scotland, in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is based on the Ulster University research project ‘Stories of the Sea: A Typological Study of Maritime Memorates in Modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic Folklore Traditions’, funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, and aims to add to previous published studies on this subject, including Fomin and Mac Mathúna 2010, 2015, 2016.

The focus of this paper is on matters relating to fishing, fishermen and their boats, in Ireland, especially on the Gaelic-speaking western seaboard, and to a lesser extent in Scotland, during the period under consideration. Most of the narrators and some of the collectors themselves were fishermen, and the close bond and shared beliefs and taboos between informant and collector serves to emphasise the personal nature of the accounts. The information gained from these stories is supplemented here by works of other writers and scholars on Irish vernacular boats and on the practice of fishing and the legends, taboos and other matters associated with it.
Dialectometry and Genetic Demography of Cystic Fibrosis. When Results Converge: The Case of Western Brittany
Authors: Pellen Nadine , Solliec Tanguy
Published: November 2021

This article was born out of two separate approaches carried out independently of one another. The first dealt with genetic demography and the second with variational linguistics, aiming to study the population and language of Brittany from a certain perspective. In their recent study of the genetic history of France, Saint Pierre et al. show that Brittany “is substantially closer to the population from north-west Europe than to the north of France, in spite of both being equally geographically close” (2020: 863). They propose that the Bretons’ earliest ancestors could be the descendants of early Neolithic pastoralist nomads from the Steppes (SP) who would have arrived in Brittany (i.e. the ‘NW cluster’) via north-western Europe. The second hypothesis would support the idea of a more recent migration from northern Europe with high SP proportion, i.e., Celtic and/or Anglo-Saxon. Our initial hypothesis is that the convergences in linguistics and genetics may be explained by a unique historical event, namely, the Brittonic settlement of the Armorican peninsula from the 4th through at least the 7th centuries and perhaps as late as the 8th century.

The application of linguistic distance measurements in the study of vernacular Breton varieties by means of a dialectometric analysis made it possible to observe clear correspondences between levels of linguistic similarity and the distribution of the genetic pools linked to cystic fibrosis. The convergence of our collective findings is most clearly manifested in the radical opposition of the north-western and the south-eastern zones of Breton-speaking Brittany in terms of the linguistic and genetic data. In our view, the scientific approach inherent to genetic and dialectometric research and the concordance of these data appear to not only reinforce many of the hypotheses advanced previously but to open new avenues for future research.
A Model for Nano-Scale Spherical Surface Coverage and Protein Corona Formation By Amyloidogenic Peptides
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York Geneseo College,Geneseo, NY, USA, Yokoyama Kazushige , Ichiki Akane ,   Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
Published: November 2021

The conformation of three amyloidogenic peptides; amyloid beta 1–40 (Aβ1−40), alpha synuclein (α-syn), and beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) are closely associated with the process of causing neurodegenerative diseases. Use of a peptide adsorbed gold nano-particle system allowed us to investigate the interactive segment of each peptide responsible for peptide-peptide networking, which is crucial to initiate the formation of an oligomer and leads to fibrillogenesis. The adsorption orientationof theamyloidogenic peptides onthe nano-goldcolloid spherical surface wasexplainedbysimulatinghowmuchareaofthemetalsurfacewascoveredbythepeptides,i.e.,coverageratio,Θ. The empirically extracted Θ was explained by the summation of the 1st layer and the 2nd layer with a spikingout orientation of the prolate. Of note, the involvement of the 2nd layer was peptide type dependent. The nanosize dependence of Θ was linearly correlated with available spacing between adjacent peptides, Sd, which were approximated as prolates, For Aβ1−40 and α-syn, the 2nd layer was more included as Sd increased. In contrast, β2m was found to gyrate over the gold surface as Sd increased, creating a partially positive (δ+) region and repelling the extra β2m from the surface. Thus, as Sd decreased, it prohibited the gyration of β2m resulting in less δ+ region, and more β2m monomers were adsorbed with δ+ segment as the 2nd layer than the case where β2m gyrates more under relatively larger Sd. Based on the trend found in an experimentally extracted Θ as a function of Sd, optimized charge distribution of Aβ1−40 and α-syn were concluded to be negative partial charge (δ−) region that was covered by the positive partial charge (δ+) region. However, β2m may have a relatively large and/or distributed δ+ region with a small portion of δ− at the one end of a prolate. The characterization made in this work confirmed current understandings on the formation of the protein corona over nano-particles.
Comparative Study of Single Biological Neuron with an Artificial Neuro
Authors:   G.S.Sanyal School of Telecommunications, IIT Kharagpur, India, Panda Sashmita
Published: November 2021

A number of artificial neural models have been presented in the literature in an effort to suggest a more accurate representation of a single biological neuron. There are numerous publications on synthetic neurons that attemptedtoreplicateasinglebiologicalneuron,however,suchmodelswereunabletogeneratethespikingpatterns of a real biological neuron. Therefore, there is still scope to design and research improved spiking neural models that more accurately reflect the functions of a biological neuron. This motivation drives extensive modification of an artificial neuron model to produce the spike patterns of a real biological neuron. The modified single artificial neuronmodel thathasbeen proposedexhibitsthefunctions ofabiological neuron.It’sstill crucialtomodel spiking bio-neuronbehavior.Modelingaspikingbio-neuronisstillanimportantexerciseinviewofpossibleapplicationsof the underlying features in the areas of neuromorphic engineering, cognitive radio, and spiking neural networks.
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Biological Source and Its Effect on In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activity
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India, Chithra V , Krithika A ,   Department of Biotechnology, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, Kirubanandan S ,   International Conference on Modern Advancement in Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Cancer, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Published: November 2021

Cancer is usually defined as a state, where in the cells, it tends to divide and grow uncontrollably and has the ability to destroy normal healthy cells. Thanks to the advancements in nanotechnology as it has paved its way and has found numerous applications in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticles, which are usually (1–100 nm), are widely used in the treatment of cancer. One of the major problems encountered in treating cancer patients is that they exhibit multiple drug resistance, and hence, it becomes tedious to treat them. Therefore, in these scenarios, nanoparticles are employed as they can serve as drug-targeting molecules. In particular, AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) are employed in cancer treatment due to their ability to reverse multidrug resistance. AuNPs havethepotentialtoexhibitminimumcytotoxicityandalsohavetheabilitytoserveasanantioxidant.Variousspices (i.e.,clove,cinnamon,turmeric,andcardamom)aresaidtohavehighantioxidantcontent,andtheyarealsobeneficial in cancer treatment. Moreover, it is proven that AuNPs, which have been synthesized from biological sources, have higher efficacy in cancer cells and less toxicity toward normal cells. Thus, the main aim of this approach was to synthesizegoldnanoparticlesfromspices,whichwillexhibithigherefficacyindestroyingcancercellsandinducing apoptosis while offering less toxicity toward normal cells. This study is an attempt to understand the study of the biosynthesized AuNPs which will help in destroying cancer cells.
Management Model Improving Environmental Protection
Authors: Zając Paweł , Poznański Jarosław
Published: November 2021

The work concerns a detailed analysis of the possibilities of increasing environmental protection by increasing the efficiency of selective collection of municipal waste in the city of Wroclaw and the economic conditions of this activity. The study includes a short introduction and an overview of waste morphology indicators. Then, a research model for the study of the morphology of municipal waste is discussed, based on the example of Wroclaw (Poland). Finally, 3 variant cost models of measures supporting the segregation of municipal waste were described and discussed. The article ends with a numerical example for Wroclaw along with a verification of the applicable rates for municipal waste collection fees, whether sorted or not.
Analysis of the Physicochemical Quality of Water Within the Hydropower Plant on the Ślęza River in Wrocław, Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Paweł
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article was the analysis of the physicochemical quality of water within the hydropower plant on the Ślęza River in Wrocław (south-west Poland) in the context of the European Union's classification of water quality, as well as an assessment of the potential impact of hydropower plants on this quality. The study uses the results of monthly tests from three measurement points within the hydropower plant on the Ślęza River in the city of Wrocław (points upstream and downstream the hydropower plant and the reference point), from the period June 2018 to May 2020. The analyses covered 10 physicochemical parameters, i.e.: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water temperature, turbidity, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and BOD5. The conducted analysis showed that the hydropower plant has no clear influence on the physicochemical quality of the water in the Ślęza River, other interactions present in the catchment area are more important. From the effects visible in the results, a decrease in the amplitudes of water temperature downstream the hydropower plant compared to the other points was noted, as well as a lower median of its value (statistically significant changes). An additional noticeable effect was the increase in water oxygenation below the damming, but it was not statistically significant. It has been shown that the physicochemical condition of water at the tested points does not meet the assumed standards for 8 out of 9 parameters (except for water temperature). The largest exceedances of the limit values concerned NO2-N (up to 923% of the norm), and the most consistent, almost constantly occurring – EC (23 out of 24 months). The reason for the high NO2-N content was most probably surface runoff from the fields and the re-suspension of sediments rich in nutrients, while in the case of EC, its high values result from the specificity of the catchment area.
Energy, Exergy-Based and Emergy-Based Analysis of Integrated Solar PTC with a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Authors: HAJİZADEH AGHDAM Meysam , KHOSHGOFTAR MANESH Mohammad Hasan , KHANİ Nastaran , YAZDİ Mohsen
Published: November 2021

Solar energy is one of the most promising strategies to reduce energy consumption and emissions pollutions. In this paper, integrating a combined cycle power plant with a Solar Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) is evaluated and investigated. In this regard, Qom Combined Cycle Power Plant is considered a real case study in Qom city. Energy, Exergy, Exergoeconomic, Exergoenvironment, Emergoeconomic, and Emergoenvironemntal Analysis as (6E) Analysis have been performed to understand the base plant's integration better. Environmental impacts have been calculated by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Sima Pro Software. Also, computer code has been developed for 6E analysis of base and integrated power plants. Validation of thermodynamic simulation has been examined with Thermoflex Software and plant data. Energy analysis results show the power output of the steam plant and overall energy efficiency is increased to 7.14% and 4.44 % rather than the base case without adding additional fossil fuel. It shows the power generation and energy efficiency are increased significantly by adding PTC. Also, the overall exergy destruction and the total exergy cost rates are raised to 7 % and 11.27 %. In addition, overall environmental impacts, overall emergoeconomic, and overall emergoenvironmental values are increased to 1.67%, 6.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. However, the overall environmental impacts per net power are decreased.
Restorative justice practice in forensic mental health settings: bridging the gap
Authors: Drennan Gerard , Swanepoel Fin
Published: November 2021

Restorative justice practice in forensic mental health settings: bridging the gap

The ‘clinic’ has developed sophisticated systems for responding to the challenge of serious mental health conditions. Mental health services combine hierarchical decision-making processes, with clear medical authority, with interventions that are required to be evidence-based to the highest standard. This is a system in which ethical, defensible practice is imperative to protect the public and to protect practitioners from legal liability in the event of adverse outcomes. Restorative justice interventions are powerful ‘medicine’. At their best, they change lives. However, the evidence base for formal restorative justice interventions when ‘administered’ to people with severe mental health difficulties is almost non-existent. It is into this relative vacuum of empirical support that initial steps are being taken to formalise access to restorative justice for mental health populations. This article will consider the challenges for applications of restorative justice in mental health settings and how the gap between the principle of equality of access and actual practice could be conceptualised and bridged. Recommendations include a rigorous commitment to meeting the needs of victims; a focus on the mental health patient’s capacity to consent rather than the capacity to benefit; practice-based evidence development and the inclusion of restorative justice awareness in all mental health practitioner training.
Fichte, Johann G. (2017). Lecciones de filosofía aplicada: Doctrina del Estado
Authors: Gonzàlez Parra Jordi
Published: November 2021

Fichte, Johann G. (2017)Lecciones de filosofía aplicada: Doctrina del EstadoSalamanca: Ediciones Sígueme, 288 p.ISBN 978-84-301-1962-2
The complexity of social work at hospitals during the pandemic in Germany
Authors: Bocheńska-Brandt Anna
Published: November 2021

Social work is also an indispensable pillar in the healthcare of patients in hospitals (Homfeldt, 2012, p. 489). Hospital social services support patients in processing stressful diagnoses and coping with the consequences of diseases (Gödecker-Geenen, 2005, p. 19). Due to the current development of problem situations and the current structure of health and social care, social work is gaining more and more importance (Schaub, 2008, p. 17; Hofmann, 2004, p. 413). Demographic changes result in an increase in the number of elderly people and a steady increase in their life expectancy. The lack of family or financial resources creates gaps in the supply of hospital social services (Meyer, 2019, p. 9). However, the change in the spectrum of health risks and diseases from predominantly acute to chronic ones, justifies the importance of social work in these facilities (Schaub, 2008, p. 17; Lützenkirchen, 2005, pp. 10–14).
The Covid-19 pandemic presents a particular challenge that has spread around the world since late 2019. It affects all areas of life and life situations (Schmitt, 2020, p. 177). Protective measures to contain the virus, such as mass gathering prohibitions, contact restrictions, minimum distance regulations, hygiene measures and masks, determine daily and social life. Preventing visits from relatives, pastors and social workers puts a new light on the holistic view of health and the disease and its social determinants (Kröll et al., 2020, pp. 7–38). Infection protection legislation also restricts community services from interacting with patients and hospital staff. Work processes and communication must change, and existing systems must be redesigned (Truell, 2020).
Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON): An Observing System for Life in the Sea
Authors:   MBARI, Chavez Francisco , Miller Robert , Muller-Karger Frank , Iken Katrin , Canonico Gabrielle , Egan Katharine , Price James , Turner Woody
Published: November 2021

Life in the sea provides immense benefits to humans, from the food we eat to the air we breathe to the climate we live in. And because of human activities, the once seemingly vast and inexhaustible seas are changing—increasingly threatened by global-scale impacts, such as warming and acidification, as well as those that are more localized, like overfishing and pollution. Meanwhile, many of the species that live in the sea remain unknown. Even for the known species, our understanding of their roles in the ecosystem is still limited. Now more than ever, increased observation of life in the sea is required to find and describe unknown species, observe shifts in species abundance and distribution, identify adaptability and resilience to climate change, and understand vital roles that species play in our marine systems. New and emerging technologies promise to enable observation over the required temporal and spatial scales. And emerging data systems will allow development of critical ecological understanding, while informing responsible use of marine natural resources. This will lead to continued, sustainable ecosystem services and the benefits we derive from them, benefits that are only possible through conserving biodiversity and managing human actions wisely.
Observing Life in the Sea Using Environmental DNA
Authors:   MBARI, Chavez Francisco , Min Markus , Pitz Kathleen , Truelove Nathan , Baker Jacoby , LaScala-Grunewald Diana , Blum Marguerite , Walz Kristine , Nye Charles , Djurhuus Anni , Miller Robert , Goodwin Kelly , Muller-Karger Frank , Ruhl Henry , Scholin Christopher
Published: November 2021

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for studying the ecology and variability of life in the sea is reviewed here in the context of US interagency Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) projects. Much of the information in this paper comes from samples collected within US National Marine Sanctuaries. The field of eDNA is relatively new but growing rapidly, and it has the potential to disrupt current paradigms developed on the basis of existing measurement methods. After a general review of the field, we provide specific examples of the type of information that eDNA provides regarding the changing distribution of life in the sea over space (horizontally and vertically) and time. We conclude that eDNA analyses yield results that are similar to those collected using traditional observation methods, are complementary to them, and because of the breadth of information provided, have the potential to improve conservation and management practices. Moreover, through technology development and standardization of methods, eDNA offers a means to scale biological observations globally to a level similar to those currently made for ocean physics and biogeochemistry. This scaling can ultimately result in a far better understanding of global marine biodiversity and contribute to better management and sustainable use of the world ocean. Improved information management systems that track methods and associated metadata, together with international coordination, will be needed to realize a global eDNA observation network.
Prevalence and Factors that Influence Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use among Thai Elderly in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Vatcharavongvan Pasitpon , Prasert Vanida , Ploylearmsang Chanuttha , Puttawanchai Viwat
Published: December 2021

Background 
Older age increases the likelihood of chronic diseases and polypharmacy with the likelihood of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in secondary and tertiary care levels, but in the primary care settings of Thailand there still is a need for more evidence. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of PIM in primary care settings, and to identify factors that influence the use of PIM. 
Methods 
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted in 2017. Eight primary care units from four regions of Thailand were randomly selected. People aged ≥ 60 years in the eight units were studied as participants. The List of Risk Drugs for Thai Elderly (LRDTE) was used as the reference. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to identify factors that influence. 
Results 
A total of 4,848 patients aged ≥60 years with 20,671 prescriptions were studied. The mean age was 70.7±8.3 years for males, and 61.2% for females. A little more than 5% (5.1%) had ≥ 3 chronic diseases and 15.0% received polypharmacy ( ≥5 medications). The prevalence of prescriptions with PIMs was 65.9%. The most frequent PIMs were antidepressants: amitriptyline (28.1%), antihistamines: dimenhydrinate (22.4%) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) (11.2%); and Benzodiazepines: lorazepam (6.5%). Three factors that significantly influenced prescribing of PIMs were polypharmacy (adjusted OR 3.51; 95% CI 2.81-4.32), having ≥3 chronic diseases (adjusted OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.04-2.01), and age ≥75 years (adjusted OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.01-1.38). 
Conclusion 
More than two-thirds of elderly Thai patients in the primary care settings were prescribed PIMs. Multidisciplinary prescription review and PIM screening in patients aged ≥75 years who have ≥3 chronic diseases or polypharmacy should be implemented in primary care and supportive computerized PIMs alert system is needed.