bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Illness among Children in a Total Population
Authors: Westbom Lena , Kornfält Ragnhild
Published: July 2017

The prevalence of chronic illness of all 60800–15-year-old children in a defined geographical area in southern Sweden was studied. Information on the health status of the children was obtained from health and medical records, interviews with the district and school nurses and questionnaires to the parents. Chronic illness was defined as a disability interfering with normal life and/or demanding treatment for at least three months during the year 1981 and was revealed in 510 children corresponding to the period prevalence 84/1000 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 60–108/1000. Boys predominated. 131 children suffered from more than one disease. Chronic illness caused severe disability in 40 children, moderate in 113 and mild in 357 children. Atopic disorders were the leading cause of chronic illness (34/1000 with 95% CI 29–39/1000). Mental and nervous system disorders and congenital malformations were the most frequent causes of severe disability. Prevalence figures for the different diagnoses in relation to disability level, sex and age are presented.
Utilization of Inpatient and Emergency Care: Effects of Changes in Primary Care System
Authors: Westman Göran , Hanning Marianne , Mattsson Bengt
Published: July 2017

At the Vännäs Health Centre changes in practice style and work routines were introduced in 1978. The concomitant changes in hospital use in Vännäs and three reference areas were followed. The results were based on recorded visits to the emergency department of the hospital three months each year 1976–1980 and upon all individual admissions to hospital care in the county 1977–1979. We found a decrease in the number of visits to the emergency department and no changes in admissions to inpatient care for inhabitants of the Vännäs catchment area. The question remains unresolved, whether a mere change in the way of working in the health centre, caused a change in hospital use.
Mortality in Alcohol-Related Diseases in Sweden During 1971–80 in Relation to Occupation, Marital Status and Citizenship in 1970
Authors: Ågren Gunnar , Romelsjü Anders
Published: July 2017

A new Swedish population register, created by linking Census data to the Cause of Death Registry and covering over 99% of the population, has been used to study the relationship between occupational category, marital status and citizenship in 1970 and mortality in closely alcohol-related diseases during 1971–1980 for the ages 25–64 years. Age-standardized rate ratios (SRR) have been computed for mortality in alcoholism, alcohol intoxication and alcohol psychosis (“AAA”) and in liver cirrhosis. SRR-values for both diagnose categories and both sexes were higher than average among not gainfully employed (SRR = 3.71 among males and SRR = 1.96 among females in 1976–80 for “AAA”), among employees in the service sector, engine-drivers and unskilled workers and increased in liver cirrhosis among artists and authors. Among females there were smaller variations in mortality for occupational groups than among males. The SRR-values showed a tendency to be higher in 1976–80 than in 1971–75, probably due to health-related selection to some extent. The alcohol-related mortality was also increased among divorced, widows (SRR = 1.37 for “AAA” and 2.81 for liver cirrhosis in 1976–80) and widowers and among never married males. SRR was much higher among Finnish citizens in Sweden (SRR for “AAA” = 3.85 among males and 2.35 among females in 1976–80) than among males and females living in Finland (SRR for “AAA” = 1.13 among males and 0.36 among females) and also higher than among immigrants from other countries, summed (SRR for “AAA” = 0.62 among males and 0.64 among females). The social distribution of mortality in “AAA” and in liver cirrhosis was similar. The new register could be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies and for health planning, as the participation rate is exteremely high, and as information about occupation and other social factors were collected prior to mortality.
Further Course of Mental Health and Use of Alcohol and Tranquilizers After Cessation or Persistence of Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hammer Torild , Vaglum Per
Published: July 2017

The main question addressed in this study is how cessation or persistence of cannabis use is related to use of legal drugs and mental health problems.

In a longitudinal study a representative sample of young people in Norway, age 17–20 years (n = 1997), participated in a postal survey in 1985 and was followed up again in 1987 and 1989. The results showed a decrease in alcohol consumption among men both among those who ceased to use cannabis and those who continued their use, whereas among women who continued cannabis use the alcohol consumption increased. The use of tranquilizers was significantly reduced among those who ceased to use cannabis compared with those who continued cannabis use, while mental health problems were unchanged. The results indicate that use of tranquilizers for self medication is mainly related to a polydrug use in the cannabis using culture.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Danish Adults
Authors: Osler Merete , Lous Jørgen , Rasmussen Niels K.
Published: July 2017

A community cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programme was undertaken in 1989 in a Danish County (Vejle). A random sample of 5192 adults were asked to complete a mailed questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour in relation to CVD risk factors. The response rate was 56%. The questionnaire produced baseline data for programme planning and measuring the success of on-going interventions. Smoking, overweight, and unhealthy food habits were the most prevalent CVD risk factors.

A CVD risk score was calculated from the data on smoking, food habits, exercise, stress, overweight, self-reported presence of hypertension, diabetes, and gender. A high score was commoner in men, in the least educated, in groups who judged their own risk as high, and in groups with negative health beliefs. The level of knowledge about CVD risk factors was high in general. Low knowledge was commonest in the youngest age group, in the least educated, in unskilled workers, and in groups with negative health beliefs. As social position and personality factors seem to play an important role in actions people may take in prevention of CVD, they should be considered in the planning of the health promotion activities in Vejle.
War-Wounded Refugees
Authors: Sandstedt Ann-Charlotte , Carlsson Vivi Ann , Hürnquist Jan Olof , Thyberg Mikael
Published: July 2017

The Medical Center for Refugees in Linküping, Sweden, includes a medical ward for refugees and asylum applicants. It was started in January, 1986 and is financed by the Swedish Immigration Board. Sixty percent of the patients are war-wounded and 40% have diagnoses non-related to war. This article describes a group of 19 refugees who were the war-wounded patients at this ward in June, 1986. In most of them the main medical impairment was amputation. They were followed up in 1988 by interview and self-ratings. The aim was to illuminate their quality of life after 2–3 years in Sweden. Most of them were satisfied with their external living conditions. Their psychological well-being, however, was not so good and they were very occupied by thoughts of their native countries. Their physical handicaps seemed to be of secondary importance.
Do Not Forget the Battered Male!
Authors: Bergman Bo K. , Brismar Bo G.
Published: July 2017

This study is based on interviews with and psychiatric ratings of female family violence victims and male non-family violence victims. Despite differences in the type of violence and the relation to the assailant, the psychological consequences of the battering were very much the same in the two groups. The background and present social situation of the victims were very similar. The conclusion drawn with regard to the medical services, is that both groups of victims need the same attention and treatment when attending the emergency department. Apart from routine medical care, they might need treatment for alcohol problems, depression or other psychiatric conditions frequently occurring in victims of violence.
Influence of humidity on the durability of adhesively bonded aluminium composite structures
Authors: Halliday S T , Banks W M , Pethrick R A
Published: July 2017

The manufacture of an adhesively bonded structure which involves the joining of a carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite panel and an aluminium sheet is described. The thermal characteristics of CFRP composites and aluminium structures are very dissimilar. Hence careful design of the joint is required in order to achieve a bond which has the potential of durability when exposed to a high-humidity environment, such as is met in aircraft structures. The design of such a set of joint structures and their ageing in a high-humidity environment are described. The durability of the joints was assessed using high-frequency dielectric measurements as a non-destructive method and, in a parallel investigation, destructive shear strength and fracture toughness measurements were undertaken. Changes in the mechanical properties of the joints are correlated with the effects of moisture ingress into the joint structures. The joints obtained were surprisingly durable and this study implies that the design of aluminium-CFRP composite joints are a practical proposition.
The mechanical response and anti-extrusion characteristics of fibre-filled elastomers
Authors: Hitchcock G R , Akisanya A R , Thompson D S
Published: July 2017

The mechanical response and anti-extrusion characteristics of filled elastomers are examined in this paper. Both room-temperature and elevated-temperature uniaxial unconstrained compression and extrusion tests were carried out on hydrogenated nitriles (HNBRs) filled with carbon black and aramid fibres. The results suggest that fibre-filled HNBRs have a better resistance to extrusion over a range of extrusion gaps and temperatures. The level of extrusion resistance and the failure modes are related to the hardness and modulus of the material. It is shown that the current practice of using the hardness measured by conventional durometers to rank and/or select elastomers for specific applications may not be appropriate for elastomers with low concentration of fibres, as materials with nominally the same hardness have different resistances to extrusion and different compression moduli.
Forecasting Crew Anthropometry for Shuttle and Space Station
Authors: Roebuck John , Smith Kim , Raggio Louis
Published: July 2017

Habitation module and Crew Emergency Rescue Vehicle (CERV) designs for the International Space Station to be built by the United States are expected to accommodate a wide range of persons, according to body dimensions predicted for the year 2000. This prediction was aided by the opportunity, which arose in 1985, to check actual Space Shuttle male crew anthropometry, particularly stature, against predictions made circa 1973 and by recently acquired Japanese data. Revised hypotheses discussed herein have been accepted by an Anthropometry Working Group as the bases for developing anthropometry requirements that appear in the Man-Systems Integration Standard (NASA-STD-3000), published in 1987. Pleas are made for further research in civilian anthropometry and wider use of anthropometric forecasting.
Auditory Psychomotor Coordination
Authors: Perrott David R.
Published: July 2017

A series of choice-reaction time experiments are described in which subjects were required to locate and identify the information contained on a small visual target. Across trials, the lateral position of the target was randomly varied across a 240° region (± 120° relative to the subject's initial line of gaze). The vertical position of the target was either fixed at 0° elevation or varied by ± 46°. Whether the target was in the forward or lateral field, a significant reduction in the visual search period was evident when an acoustic signal indicated the location of the visual target. Auditory spatial information was particularly effective in improving performance when the position of the target was varied in elevation or the target was located in the rear field. The current results support the notion that the auditory system can be used to direct eye-head movements toward a remote visual target.
The Effects of Format in Computer-Based Procedure Displays
Authors: Desaulniers David R. , Gillan Douglas J. , Rudisill Marianne
Published: July 2017

Two experiments were conducted to investigate display variables likely to influence the effectiveness of computer-based procedure displays. In Experiment 1, procedures were presented in three formats, Text, Extended-Text, and Flowchart. Text and Extended-Text are structured prose formats which differ in the spatial density of presentation. The Flowchart format differs from the Text format in both syntax and spatial representation. Subjects were required to use the procedures to diagnose a hypothetical system anomaly. The results indicate that performance was most accurate with the Flowchart format. Although overall completion times did not differ significantly across formats, the Flowchart format required significantly less time for step implementation. In Experiment 2, procedure window size was varied (6-line, 12-line, and 24-line) in addition to procedure format. In the six line window condition, Experiment 2 replicated the findings of Experiment 1. Procedures in the Flowchart format were completed with greater accuracy than procedures in either of the text formats. As predicted, completion times for Flowchart procedures decreased with increasing window size; however, accuracy of performance decreased substantially. Implications for the design of computer-based procedure displays are discussed.
Cognitive/Intellectual Abilities as Predictors of Skilled Performance: Answering the Which, When, and How Questions
Authors: Ackerman Phillip L. , Sager Christopher E.
Published: July 2017

Recently, there has been a re-emergence of interest in the cognitive ability determinants of individual differences in skill acquisition and skilled performance. First we review some basic characteristics of individual differences in skill acquisition. We next consider the current evidence for the emergent “task-specific” factor, a matter that may have important implications for the utility of ability measures as predictors of individual differences in asymptotic skilled performance. We also review two major factors in determining the relations between abilities and individual differences in skill acquisition, advances in theory and the enlargement of the data base for discussion of the topic. We address these factors, in the context of a discussion of “which” abilities predict individual differences in skilled performance, “when” such predictors are maximally effective, and “how” abilities and information processing demands interact to determine ability-performance associations.
A Framework for Design Traceability
Authors: Barnett B. J. , Arbak C. J. , Olson J. L. , Walrath L. C.
Published: July 2017

Methods are needed for implementing findings of theoretical research early in the design phase and tracing them through to final designs. This paper describes one such approach in applying what is known about cognitive psychology, human factors, and development techniques to interface design. The basic technique used to provide a design framework was an adaptation of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) house of quality. This paper describes the QFD structure and how it was adapted to provide that critical link between theoretical research findings and resulting interface design concepts. The discussion focuses on three topics: basic concepts within the house of quality, the house of quality adapted for interface design, and application to the design process. A number of benefits are realized from use of this approach. First, it describes directly the relationship between human processing characteristics, design requirements, and design solutions. Second, it characterizes the nature of conflicts among alternative design solutions. Third, it indicates areas of potential applied research. Finally, it provides a single, hierarchical construct that carries through from the initial conceptual design to final product evaluation. The benefit of this approach to interface design is that a broad spectrum of theoretical and experimental research is summarized into a manageable design tool, which may provide insights to human factors practitioners, design engineers, and subject matter experts alike.
The Use of a Background Attitude Indicator to Recover from Unusual Attitudes
Authors: Liggett Kristen K. , Rebing John M. , Hartsock David C.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate various cues on a background display format that depicted attitude information. A combined head-down display format was evaluated where the central rectangular area focused on tactical information and the background border presented attitude information. The attitude information, in essence, framed the tactical display format. A comparison was conducted among variations of the original background attitude indicator (BAI) created by General Dynamics personnel. Three types of cues were investigated: color shading, color patterns, and pitch lines with numbers. These cues were tested individually and in combination with one another. Results showed that in terms of initial input time, the combination of color shading and color patterns performed the best.
An Empirical Evaluation of Tools to Aid in Enroute Flight Planning
Authors: Layton Charles F. , Smith Philip J. , McCoy C. Elaine , Bihari Thomas E.
Published: July 2017

After a number of background studies (including surveys, a simulator study, and interviews with commercial air traffic controllers, dispatchers, and pilots), several design concepts have been developed to guide in the design of tools to aid in enroute flight planning activities. Alternative versions of these tools have been implemented in the Flight Planning Testbed (FPT), a part-task simulation environment for studying interactions with flight planning tools. This testbed, which runs on a Macintosh IIfx, presents scenarios and records all interaction with the operators. Thirty commercial airline pilots participated in a between-subjects experiment involving three alternative system designs and four flight planning scenarios. The results provide some very interesting insights into planning strategies and the effects of cognitive tools on those strategies.
Memory Performance as a Function of Age, Reattribution Training and Type of Mnemonic Strategy Training
Authors: Turner Marilyn L.
Published: July 2017

This experiment investigated whether mnemonic strategy training, occurring over a two-month period, would result in improved memory performance when combined with reattribution training. It was also hypothesized that the old and young may differ in their ability to perform nonverbal and verbal mnemonics. Therefore, age-related differences in memory performance were investigated as a function of whether the mnemonic was verbal (Alphabet Search Method) or non-verbal (Method of Loci), and whether or not reattribution training was combined with mnemonic training. Subjects were 34 old (Mean age = 69.5) and 34 young (Mean age = 22.8) adults. Memory performance was measured on the California Verbal Learning Test, the Nelson-Denny Vocabulary Test, the Beck Depression Inventory and four memory span tasks, prior and following a two-month period of weekly mnemonic strategy training sessions. A third of the subjects were trained with the Method of Loci, a third with Alphabet Search, and the remaining third served as the waitlist control group. In addition, half the young and old subjects from each mnemonic group did, and half did not, participate in a reattribution training workshop. Results clearly showed that mnemonic strategy training was useful for the old and young. However, the combination of reattribution and mnemonic strategy training only enhanced old, not young, memory scores when the type of strategy required verbal skills (Alphabet Search). The implication was that mnemonic strategy training may be more effective for the old if combined with reattribution training, and, if the mnemonic requires verbal rather than non-verbal skills.
A Comparison of Three Attitude Display Symbology Structures during an Attitude Maintenance Task
Authors: Geiselman Eric E. , Osgood Robert K.
Published: July 2017

The present study evaluated a new aircraft attitude display concept. The new symbology format, or Theta display, was developed by integrating the features of the conventional attitude/direction indicator (ADI) and head-up attitude reference display (HUD) into a single format. Number of trials to reach a specific performance criterion and tracking performance were collected as dependent variables on an attitude maintenance task. The results show that performance and training time were better with both the Theta display and the ADI than with the HUD. The findings support the hypothesis that an attitude display formed of the integration of ADI and HUD symbology will demonstrate a performance benefit over a pure HUD format.
Decision Statistic Mapping and Number of Information Dimensions on Decision Making with Graphical Displays
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer A. , Biers David W.
Published: July 2017

This study sought to: (1) analytically separate the components of a graphical display which contributed to performance on integrated and separable tasks; and (2) determine the effect of the number of dimensions of information which had to be integrated. To that end, the study employed a 7 × 3 mixed design with seven displays manipulated between-subjects and the number of information dimensions (three, six, and nine) manipulated within-subjects. The seven displays examined included two bar graphs (non-object and object formats), two midline displays (non-object and object formats), a direct graphical display, and two numerical displays (numerical separable and numerical integrative). Based upon propositions generated from emergent feature theory, the ability to integrate information in these displays should be a function of the faithfulness, saliency, and directness of mapping the decision statistic onto the display. Results indicated that the displays which directly represented the integrated decision, the numerical integrative and the direct graphical displays, resulted in the best performance. Intermediate performance was obtained on those displays (i.e. the object bar graph, the non-object midline, and the object midline) which incorporated faithfulness, saliency, or both, respectively. The worst performance on the integrated task was exhibited for those displays (i.e. the numerical separable and the non-object bar) which did not represent directness, faithfulness, or saliency. For both the integrated and separable tasks, accuracy increased as the number of information dimensions increased. The unexpected direction of this effect was attributed to subjects” investing more resources in performing the task at the six or nine cue levels due to the perceived increase in difficulty of the task.
“If They Could See Me Now!”
Authors: Smalley Julie (Darlington)
Published: July 2017

FAR FROM BEING isolationist, and possibly in an attempt to conquer the shrinking tyranny of distance, many Australians set out to experience different cultures and places. Some might suggest this is a feature of the Australian character — a certain inquisitiveness and need to see it and do it for themselves.

HIMs are no exception to seeing and doing it for themselves. In response to the Journal's call for submissions some months ago, this feature of current and past overseas work experience by HIMs is testimony to Australian HIMs and their personal and professional adaptability.
Experience of Coding Ambulatory Visits to Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Gibson K , Ives J , Wilson M , Richardson D
Published: July 2017

Clinical data for all current outpatients at a large tertiary hospital has been collected for analysis. Patient diagnoses for selected “key” clinics have been coded to ICD-9-CM standards. Methods to reduce the volume of coding required for such data collection are discussed, and include short-lists of codes, default assignment of diagnoses codes according to the nature of visit, and producing a “discharge” summary for outpatients, similar to that routinely produced for inpatients.
Oxygen Ingress in Plastic Retortable Packages during Thermal Processing and Storage
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Britt Ian J. , Tung Marvin A.
Published: July 2017

The influence of thermal processing and storage conditions on oxygen ingress in CPET and EVOH-containing PP retortable trays was investigated. Oxygen ingress during retorting was negligible in CPET trays, but increased in PP/EVOH/PP trays at higher retort temperatures, longer process times, and higher oxygen partial pressures. Hydration of EVOH-containing trays did not influence oxygen permeability during thermal processing, but was correlated to oxygen ingress during storage. Oxygen ingress in PP/EVOH/PP trays was minimal during one year of storage at 21. 10C, 60% RH, but increased substantially after 100 d storage at 32.20C, 75% RH. Oxygen ingress in CPET trays was greater than that of EVOH-containing trays during storage under both conditions studied.
Maximising potential in the flock — promoting an evidence-based approach to reproduction
Authors: Silk Louise
Published: July 2017

There are many areas in which veterinary surgeons can offer advice in order to maximise the productivity of a sheep flock. This article focuses on a number of key areas relating specifically to reproduction where veterinary surgeons and farmers can use an evidence-based approach and incorporate modern technology in order to improve the efficiency and productivity of the flock. Discussion includes ewe:ram ratios, culling policies, genetic selection, nutrition, ram fitness, timing of breeding, parasite control and management of iceberg diseases.
Performance Characterization of Automatic Creep Testing Device for Agricultural Product
Authors: Roshanianfard Ali , Shahgholi Gholamhossein
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The creep test is an important mechanical test used to measure the mechanical properties of materials, especially agricultural viscoelastic products. Unsuitable creep testing methodology and subsequent inaccurate outputs can have severe negative consequences on the agricultural product preservation. The aim of this study was to develop a novel improved creep testing device for viscoelastic materials at room temperature, especially agricultural crops. The performance of methodology against four alternative loading methods (Cycloidal, Cubic, Cosine, and Quintic) was compared. The results showed no significant differences between the generated data and alternative approaches. Some experiments were accomplished to performance evaluation, on Agria potato using stress of 110 kgf at 20°C with five replications and also to compare test results with past developed devices by the stress of 24.4 and 58.8 kgf at 22°C with three replications. The results showed no significant differences between the developed device (ACTeD- 1) data and the standard devices. Loading with Cosine-Cubic method was more applicable because it could control the impulse effects at the first moments of loading and reached the performed force with minimum damage in the material structure. Keywords: Agria, Automatic, Creep, Design, Potato, Viscoelastic.?
A diptych of dilemma: Becoming an artist and a teacher
Authors: MacDonald Abbey
Published: July 2017

This article examines factors identified as influencing teachers’ capacity to maintain arts practice upon beginning teaching. In exploring the storied experiences of three artists and teachers, a discussion unfolds to examine the ways that artist and teaching practices interact, and the implications this interaction has upon the beginning teachers’ transition into professional practice. A hybridized methodology has been adopted, where methods integral to autoethnography, narrative inquiry and a/r/tography are drawn together to generate a series of intricately layered stories of becoming artists and teachers. From these storied insights, the factors that emerged as critical to becoming are the beginning teachers’ perceptions and management of time, and their capacity to appropriately prioritize art and teaching practices over each other. The implications of these factors indicate a need for beginning teachers to better understand and acclimatize to the demands of becoming a teacher before attempting to resume high levels of artistic output.
Reflexão crítica sobre as escolas bilíngues (português/inglês) de imersão e internacionais na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Möller Aline Nunes , Zurawski Maria Paula
Published: July 2017

A educação bilíngue é um assunto atual, que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço na educação brasileira. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as escolas bilíngues (português/inglês) de imersão e internacionais, na cidade de São Paulo, por meio de tópicos muito explorados e relacionados a essa temática, tais como: o crescimento do número de escolas bilíngues, a definição de uma escola bilíngue, a legislação atual do Brasil em relação à regulamentação dessa modalidade de escola e o que é ser bilíngue, além de ponderar sobre a formação adequada de profissionais e a supervisão sistemática e periódica dos estabelecimentos de ensino. O resultado dessa pesquisa teórica permanece em aberto, principalmente em razão da falta de um padrão das escolas bilíngues, por carência de embasamento teórico, e, também, por causa do sigilo exigido pelas escolas em relação à metodologia.
Editorial
Authors: Scarpa Regina , Prado Ricardo , Gomes Lisandra Ogg
Published: July 2017

“Como uma onda educativa”: foi dessa forma que o filósofo  Renato Janine Ribeiro imaginou que se daria a criação de uma cadeia virtuosa capaz de ofertar ensino público de qualidade a toda a população brasileira. Começaria a se esboçar a partir de um início relativamente modesto, 5% da rede ao ano, diante da imensidão de desafios educacionais que o país tem pela frente quando esse tema se tornasse, enfim, uma prioridade nacional.[...]
Concepções de professores de ensino superior de um curso de Ciências Biológicas sobre aulas práticas
Authors: Francisco Daniela de Oliveira , Pechliye Magda Medhat
Published: July 2017

As aulas laboratoriais de biologia são consideradas necessárias para a educação científica, na medida em que podem estimular a criatividade e capacidade de reflexão dos estudantes. Porém, a forma como estas têm sido abordadas pelos professores nem sempre garante a eficácia da aprendizagem, principalmente se inseridas no contexto de um ensino tradicional. Assim, o presente estudo visa analisar as concepções de professores de ensino superior de um curso de Ciências Biológicas sobre o uso que atribuem às aulas práticas laboratoriais de biologia, bem como sua importância para a formação de graduandos. Os resultados mostraram que os sujeitos da pesquisa usam métodos voltados para um ensino tradicional, desde a forma como conduzem suas aulas práticas por meio de roteiros não flexíveis, até suas concepções acerca da necessidade das aulas laboratoriais. Destaca-se, portanto, que a formação de professores necessita de melhorias, tanto no nível da educação básica, quanto da graduação.
Optimization of Cold Crucible Shape
Authors: Jiřinec Stanislav , Rot David
Published: July 2017

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">The beginning of the article briefly<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 9pt; -ms-layout-grid-mode: line; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;" lang="EN-GB"> describes principle and construction solution of the cold crucible. The next part is devoted to the numerical simulation of the cold crucible with different number of rectangle segments. The calculation considers as load electrically non-conductive material (Al2O3 in melted form) at normal temperature. Based on the obtained results (Joule losses), it is possible to determine the distribution of power losses in the individual parts of the cold crucible and efficiency of the system. Finally, the best construction solution is selected.
Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU): Principios para una universidad sostenible, cooperativa y democrática desde el diagnóstico participativo de su alumnado
Authors: Martínez-Usarralde María-Jesús , Lloret-Catalá Carmen , Mas-Gil Sara
Published: July 2017

El presente estudio analiza los discursos bajo los cuales se reconoce el sentido de “Responsabilidad Social Universitaria” concediendo la voz a uno de sus protagonistas, el alumnado, para emitir conclusiones sobre su visión y elevarlas a los y las responsables de la política universitaria. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación con metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa sistematizada durante dos cursos académicos con 206 alumnos/as del grado de Educación Social de la Universidad de Valencia (España). El objetivo del estudio ha sido realizar un diagnóstico participativo sobre el estado de la cuestión de la RSU y el Desarrollo Sostenible basado en el cuestionario de Vallaeys, De la Cruz y Sasia (2008). Entre los resultados cabe destacar que el alumnado percibe que la universidad sí les brinda una formación ética y ciudadana que les permite ser socialmente responsables, aunque piensan que las políticas basadas en valores deberían tratarse de forma más coordinada y transversal.
Structural Analysis of the Selected Products From the Suspension Furnace Produced in the Internal Recycling
Authors: Bydałek A. W. , Schlafka P. , Grządko K. , Wołczyński W. , Kwapisiński P. , Brombera S. , Wędrychowicza M.
Published: July 2017

There are presents the internal recycling in anode furnace, in addition to mainly blister copper and converter copper. During the process there arise the two types of semi-finished products intended for further pyro metallurgical processing: anode copper and anode slag. The stream of liquid blister copper enters into the anode furnace treatment, in which the losses are recovered, e.g. copper, resulting from oxidation and reduction of sulfides, oxides and the oxidation of metallic compounds of lead, zinc and iron. In the liquid phase there are still gaseous states, which gives the inverse relationship relating to the solid phase, wherein the gases found an outlet in waste gas or steam. The results of chemical analysis apparently differ from each other, because crystallite placement, the matrix structure and the presence of other phases and earth elements are not compared, which can be regained in the process of electrorefining. One should not interpret negatively smaller proportion of copper in the alloy, since during the later part of the production more elements can be obtained, for example from sludge, such as platinum group metals and lanthanides. According to the research the quality of blister copper, to a large extent, present in the alloy phase to many other elements, which can be recovered.
Modeling and Optimization of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Sand Mould System
Authors: Chate G. R. , Patel M. G. C. , Parappagoudar M. B. , Deshpande A. S.
Published: July 2017

Chemical bonded resin sand mould system has high dimensional accuracy, surface finish and sand mould properties compared to green sand mould system. The mould cavity prepared under chemical bonded sand mould system must produce sufficient permeability and hardness to withstand sand drop while pouring molten metal through ladle. The demand for improved values of permeability and mould hardness depends on systematic study and analysis of influencing variables namely grain fineness number, setting time, percent of resin and hardener. Try-error experiment methods and analysis were considered impractical in actual foundry practice due to the associated cost. Experimental matrices of central composite design allow conducting minimum experiments that provide complete insight of the process. Statistical significance of influencing variables and their interaction were determined to control the process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to validate the model statistically. Mathematical equation was derived separately for mould hardness and permeability, which are expressed as a non-linear function of input variables based on the collected experimental input-output data. The developed model prediction accuracy for practical usefulness was tested with 10 random experimental conditions. The decision variables for higher mould hardness and permeability were determined using desirability function approach. The prediction results were found to be consistent with experimental values.
Braking Distance of Hoist Conveyances Required for Safe Stopping Under the Conditions of Emergency Braking
Authors: Wolny Stanisław
Published: July 2017

This study investigates selected aspects of the dynamic behaviour of mine hoists during the emergency braking in an event of overtravel. Characteristics of the braking force that needs to be applied in the headgear and in the pit bottom to arrest the conveyance in the event of an overtravel are derived from laboratory and industrial test data and recalling the results reported in literature. The real hoist installation is replaced by a model whereby the equations of motion of rope elements are written as for elastic strings, taking into account the variable length of the hoisting rope section between the Koepe pulley and the conveyance being arrested in the head tower. Analytical formulas are provided whereby the displacement of the top conveyance with the payload for the constant elasticity coefficient of the hoisting rope section between the conveyance being arrested in the head tower and the Koepe pulley is expressed as the function of the braking force and of the operational parameters of the hoist gear. The hoist operation is investigated in the event of emergency braking, taking into account the two aspects of the cycle: - the time required for the conveyance to be stopped, - the distance travelled by the conveyance until it is stopped. The results of the dynamic analysis of the hoist installation in the conditions of emergency braking may be utilised in selection of the effective and adequate braking system guaranteeing the safety of the system operation.
Incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomographic images: Calcifications in head and neck region
Authors: Altındağ Ali , Avsever Hakan , Borahan Oguz , Akyol Mesut , Orhan Kaan
Published: July 2017

Background/Aim: The use of CBCT in dentistry has been increasing popularity nowadays. CBCT images provide valuable information from anatomic structures and pathologies. Images obtained with CBCT allow for more appropriate treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to assess the calcifications which were found incidentally on CBCT images and to reveal the frequency and characteristics. Material and Methods: A total of 691 CBCT images which obtained from the patients were assessed. Demographic data and calcifications which were found out of primarily interest area were noted. The incidental findings were categorized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 945 calcifications were discovered on 318(46.02%) of the 691 patients’ images. 373(53.98%) scans showed no calcificated findings. The age range of patients was from 5 to 84 years. The most common calcification was tonsillolith (86.03%), followed by stylohyoid calcifications (6.24%), antrolith and subdermal calcifications (2.33%). Conclusion: Calcified lesions in head and neck region were commonly seen in CBCT images. Although the most of the calcifications are asymptomatic and require no treatment but correct identification of these findings will reduce unnecessary further diagnostic assessments and will provide more appropriate treatment plans. It will also provide the ability comprehensively evaluation of underlying diseases and practitioners will have life-saving information by early diagnosis.
Elaiaşi – New Sweet Cherry Cultivar with High Productivity and Medium Ripening Time
Authors: Iurea Elena , Sîrbu Sorina , Corneanu Margareta
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper is to improve the autochthonous sweet cherry assortment with new cultivars of good adaptability and ecological plasticity, with superior biological potential, productive, with quality fruits and superior features, in comparison to existing cultivars. Due to the characteristic of having an earlier ripening age for the fruits compared to the other tree species (beginning in May), the cherry is the first ring in the annual chain of fruits production. On the fresh fruits market, the preferred ones are the cultivars type ‘bigarreau’, with shining red colour, resistant to cracking, transport and temporary storage with the weight of over 7 g. Analysing the main phenological stages for the two cultivars, it was noticed that the new sweet cherry cultivar ‘Elaiaşi’ is average both in flowering beginning time and fruits maturation season. In regards to average productions for five years (2012 - 2016), from the statistical point of view, it was noticed that ‘Elaiaşi’ (21.1 kg/tree) recorded production with insignificant positive differences in comparison to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (20.2 kg/tree). Under the aspect of fruits’ weight and equatorial diameter, ‘Elaiaşi’ (8.8 g and, respectively, 25.1 mm) recorded significant and respectively positive significant differences, in comparison to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (7.6 g and 23.9 mm). Concerning the fruit’s resistance to cracking, ‘Elaiaşi’ cultivar presented a superior resistance (2.7 %) to the witness cultivar ‘Van’ (42.0 %), recording distinct significant negative differences in comparison to this cultivar from the statistical point of view.
Testing out the disciplinary role of debt in Croatian banks
Authors: Bambulović Mario , Huljak Ivan , Kožul Antonija
Published: July 2017

According to the agency theory, debt brings discipline to management and therefore, one way of reducing agency costs is by increasing the level of indebtedness. Even though there are a number of specificities of banks as corporations, this agency theory postulate should still be valid. This research is motivated by the need to understand microeconomics of banking better, which could be especially rewarding in CEE countries where the issues of credit risk, bank capital and corporate governance are specific. Accordingly, by testing the disciplinary role of debt in Croatian banks, we contribute to the still scarce literature on bank governance in Croatia. We operationalise the research by first generating an efficiency measure, which we believe adequately represents management efforts and ability to maximize the value of owners’ investment. In the next step, we explore the relation between banks' efficiency and leverage. Our results do not indicate that debt generally creates a discipline mechanism for bank managers in Croatia.
Association between Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity and Key Immunological Components of IgE-mediated Inflammation
Authors: Sokolova Raditsa N. , Yankova Rumyana K. , Abadjieva Tsvetana I. , Popova Tatyana A. , Ivanovska Maria V. , Murdjeva Mariana A. , Orbetzova Maria M. , Dermendzhiev Svetlan M. , Pavlova Maria V.
Published: July 2017

Background:Changes in lifestyle and obesity in recent decades have brought about a dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and allergic diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies associate obesity with epidemics of allergic diseases. The link between obesity and DM2 with immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation is not yet conclusively established.

Aim:To examine the key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation in patients with DM2 and their relationship with glycemic control and anthropometric indicators.

Materials and methods:Fifty-five patients with DM2 and 32 healthy controls with normal weight and body mass index (BMI) of 18-24.9 kg/m2were included in the study. Th2-cytokine profile (serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5, pg/ml) and total serum IgE IU/ml were assessed in all participants in the study using ELISA. In patients with DM2, levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) in the blood were also measured.

Results:Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 are significantly higher in patients with DM2 compared to the control group. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-5 positively correlated with BMI as well as serum levels of IL-4 with waist circumference. Total serum IgE positively correlated with HbA1c.

Conclusion:Obesity and poor glycemic control in patients with DM2 affect key immunological components of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation and possibly alter the immune response to allergens and antigens.
Symptomatic Coronary-Pulmonary Fistula Revealed with Coronary CT Angiography
Authors: Papp Sára , Édes István Ferenc , Merkely Béla , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Károlyi Mihály
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Coronary artery fistulas are usually incidental findings and rarely cause any clinical symptoms.

Case presentation: In this case a coronary pulmonary fistula was revealed by coronary CT angiography and as it was considered responsible for the patients’ symptoms, its’ closure was performed during percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusion: The noninvasive coronary CT angiography is a valuable examination in the diagnosis of coronary anomalies.
Coping with employment issues through commuting: Evidence from Central Russia
Authors: Gunko Maria , Nefedova Tatyana
Published: July 2017

Commuting to work has become a widespread practice over the last several decades. Some relatively strong employment issues in rural Russian municipalities, as well as a significant wage gap between them and the major cities, fosters daily commuting as well as commuting with long periods of time spent at employment locations, known in Russia as otkhodnichestvo. Based on official statistical data and our own surveys conducted in Tula and Kostroma regions, we analysed the spatial differentiations between the share of commuters in the employed population of rural municipalities, as well as the variations in individual socio-economic characteristics between rural commuters and non-commuters, in general, and between the commuters themselves. Our analysis of the latter characteristics suggests that there is in fact more difference between the rural commuters and non-commuters in Russia than between daily commuters and those engaged in otkhodnichestvo, indicating similar motives and, perhaps, even personalities of commuters. Giving the identified differences, commuting on a larger scale does not seem to be a universal tool to cope with employment issues, as some population groups are more likely to engage in it than others.