bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cartografando o currículo vivido numa unidade de educação infantil universitária
Authors: Soprani Maria José Rassele
Published: January 2018

Este artigo objetiva problematizar como o currículo na educação infantil tem sido experenciado no cotidiano de uma instituição de educação infantil federalizada a partir dos projetos pedagógicos ali desenvolvidos. Por isso, buscou-se cartografar algumas dessas vivências a fim de compreender os sentidos que têm sido atribuídos ao trabalho educativo com crianças de 2 e 3 anos, por meio dos deslizamentos entre os discursos legais e as práticas educativas nas escolas. Nessa perspectiva, este texto desdobra-se na exploração das relações de produção que se constituíram em experimentações curriculares ordenadas pelas intensidades dos devires-criança despertados no CEI Criarte/Ufes com um grupo de crianças de 2 a 3 anos de idade, no ano de 2014. Faz uso da cartografia enquanto uma prática singular de pesquisa e de acompanhamento de processos que não busca estabelecer regras ou caminhos lineares para que se atinja um fim no qual o pesquisador-cartógrafo terá que inventar os seus modos na medida em que estabelece relações e passa a fazer parte do seu próprio território de pesquisa. Recorreu-se, ainda, à pesquisa bibliográfica, apoiada em bases legais que apontaram que o currículo para a Educação infantil deve estar sustentado nas relações, nas interações, nas práticas educativas voltadas para experiências singulares da vida cotidiana, produção de subjetividades, produção de narrativas individuais e coletivas por meio de diferentes linguagens, devendo incluir os saberes cotidianos que são conhecimentos da experiência do corpo, da cultura, da vida (BARBOZA&RITCHER, 2009).
Indigenous Mechanisms of Transitional Justice as Complementary Instruments to State Justice Systems: Cases of mato oput in Uganda, bashingantahe Councils in Burundi and Navajos’ Custom of naat’aani
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Szpak Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

Transitional justice is resorted to within the framework of transition from armed conflict to peace and from authoritarian regimes to the democratic ones. To reach the aims of transitional justice and to better integrate the needs and perspectives of the indigenous peoples that very often are victims of serious human rights violations in the transitional context, as well as the colonisation context, indigenous instruments of justice may be utilised. As such they may be treated as complementary to other transitional justice mechanisms. The article aims to find a new perspective on the complementary role of the indigenous justice and the State justice systems within the framework of transitional justice as well as to take into account the indigenous peoples’ needs and customs. The overall aim of the paper is to answer the question whether it is desirable for such indigenous justice instruments to complement the State justice systems through a better integration of the needs and customs of indigenous peoples. In the concluding remarks, a model of complementarity model of transitional justice that includes indigenous instruments will be proposed.
The Migration Crisis from the East-Central European Perspective: Challenges for Regional Security
Authors:   University of Szczecin (Poland), Podgórzańska Renata
Published: January 2018

Nowadays, the common denominator of involvement of the EastCentral Europe in the international arena, and above all, the premise determining community of interest expressed in the European Union is the migration crisis. Despite the different circumstances of activity in the context of the migration crisis, states in the region express similar opinions on the consequences of immigration for security in the region. Above all, they emphasise the implications of immigration for the internal security of states. Given the complex nature of migration, this article focuses on the phenomenon of immigration in the EU, determining the causes of the escalation of the influx of immigrants and, above all, identifying the consequences for the security of states of East-Central Europe.
The EU-China Economic Relations: a Harmful Competition or a Strategic Cooperation?
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), Walkowski Maciej
Published: January 2018

The People’s Republic of China currently possesses the second biggest national economy in the world, smaller only to that of the United States. It is also a matter of time for China to become the greatest economic power, at least regarding share in aggregated global GDP and the sphere of international trade. Growing engagement of China in global economic development and its dependence on other participants of trade exchanges have made this country a more ‘responsible shareholder’ of the international economic system. China has a great development interest in upholding a stable world economic situation, and especially in proper economic relations with the United States and the European Union, on whose markets its healthy development largely depends. Whether China will soon become a “mature, responsible and attractive superpower” depends to a significant degree not only on its efforts but also on proper relations with major trade and investment partners around the world. It seems that mutually beneficial economic relations between the PRC and the European Union (founded on mutually beneficial and strategic cooperation and not on serious and opaque competition) constitute one of the key factors determining this scenario’s validity. Unfortunately, for the time being, many problems arise in this relationship. They come from both sides requiring a proper diagnosis, as well as a scientific analysis including both assessment and prognosis. The presented scientific article tries to meet these expectations.
The Government’s Policy in the Field of Hard Coal Mining Restructuration as an Element of Poland’s Energy Security
Authors:   University of Szczecin (Poland), Kamola-Cieślik Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Coal is the primary energy source affecting Poland’s energy security. It is because deposits of this raw material are available in Poland. Unlike natural gas or oil reserves, which are limited in the country. The high cost of extracting Polish coal in comparison with coal prices on the world market has made it necessary to adopt Polish mining to functioning in market economy conditions. The paper presents the evolution of Polish government policy towards the activity of coal mines in the years 1990–2015. This article aims to present government policy on restructuring coal mining after 2015 and showing its effects. The stages of consolidation of the power industry with the mining industry are shown. The above issues are presented in the context of the European Union’s energy and climate policy, paying particular attention to the share of renewable energy sources in the energy and fuel balance and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.
On Oceania at the Jagiellonian University
Authors:   Warsaw School of Economics (Poland) & Victoria University in Wellington (New Zealand), Siekiera Joanna
Published: January 2018

The Australia, New Zealand and Oceania Research Association (ANZORA) organized its 9th conference under the title Oceania – Centre of the Pacific Rim. For the first time in the ANZORA’s history, the whole organizing process was made with another partner, that is the Institute of Middle and Far East Studies at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. Therefore the place of the speeches was not anymore outside the University but within the main building – the Auditorium Maximum. Despite the fact that ANZORA is an independent association, most of its founders graduated the Jagiellonian University. In addition, Dr Dariusz Zdziech, author of the idea of gathering academics and enthusiasts of the Pacific in a formal association, works himself in the Institute of Middle and Far East Studies.
Experimental evaluation of geomembrane/geotextile interface as base isolating system
Authors: Kalpakcı V. , Bonab A. T. , Özkan M. Y. , Gülerce Z.
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the geomembrane/geotextile interface on the seismic response of small-to-moderate height structures. Three building models with first-mode natural frequencies changing between 2–4 Hz (representing two, three and four storey structures) were tested with and without the addition of geomembrane/geotextile interface using the shaking table test setup by employing harmonic and modified/scaled ground motions. Experimental results showed that the geomembrane/geotextile interface significantly reduced the floor accelerations, especially at moderate-to-high ground shaking levels. The interaction between the first-mode natural frequency of the model and the predominant frequency of the input motion is significant, and the interface is most effective when these two frequencies are close to each other. This effect is more clearly seen when the harmonic motions are employed during the tests compared to the modified/scaled ground motions. The results of the tests with modified/scaled ground motions were used to evaluate the efficiency of the composite liner system in reducing the spectral accelerations in the frequency domain. The results presented here document that the geomembrane/geotextile interface reduces the floor accelerations in a certain frequency range and underline the potential of this interface to be used as a base isolation material.
Secondary Prevention of Visual Impairment in Students with Medium Degree Myopia by Means of Physical Therapy in a Vocational School
Authors: Pashkevich S. A. , Kriventsova I. V.
Published: January 2018

The objective is to implement a visual impairment prevention program into a vocational school’s academic process for the risk group students and to determine its effectiveness based on the dynamics of comprehensive scoring assessment of the degree of visual pathology risk.Materials and methods. Observed were 91 students (35 boys and 56 girls). For the formative experiment purposes, a study group (SG) consisting of 10 persons (4 boys and 6 girls with a visual organ pathology who performed the designed preventive program) and a reference group (RG) consisting of 10 persons (5 boys and 5 girls with a visual organ pathology who studied under the usual program) were selected The program effectiveness was evaluated by changes in the students’ subjective evaluation of their visual comfort. The Relative Risk Index (RR) was used to perform a rough evatuation of the cause-effect relations between the acting factor and the effect appearance. The output characteristics were compared between the groups using χ2 tests (binary variables), t-tests (continuous variables), Mann-Whitney test for comparing the distribution of ordinal variables, and Wilcoxon test (related sampling).Results. The dynamics in the RG over the academic year showed an increase in the scoring assessment of the visual fatigue, which constituted 90.6 ± 10.3%. At the same time, the students in the SG demonstrated a reduced intensity and number of complaints about the visual analyzer fatigue. In the SG, the complex scoring assessment reliably decreased from 9.8 ± 0.8 to 7.2 ± 0.9 c.u. The implemented preventive program had a positive effect on the complaints: “the desire to bring the text closer to the eyes” (relative risk (RR) = 6.0, χ2 = 5.6, p <0.05), “the feeling of existence of certain periods of change in the visual acuity” (relative risk (RR) = 3.5; χ2 = 5.1; p <0.05), and the overall assessment of the questionnaire (relative risk (RR) = 7.0; χ2 = 7.5; p <0.01). The implementation of the proposed program, by the results of the interview of the students with a visual organ pathology, produced a reliable (p <0.05) increase in the level of the visual analyzer performance.Conclusions. The implementation of the proposed program for the vocational school students with a visual organ pathology had a positve effect on their subjective evaluation of their visual analyzer performance.
Eksperimen Pembuatan Beliung Persegi
Authors: Akbar Ali
Published: January 2018

Writing a research paper does not only use three steps, such as analysis, explanation and conclusion, but it may also use analogy. It assumes two phenomena, individual or inter-related, similar. Analogizing method uses historic, ethnographic, and experimental sources. Experimental analogy, in particular, is done by duplication. For example, it is conducted by making a stone tool, which implies that there is a collective knowledge about the characteristics of the raw material and their relations to human. Despite the fact that prehistoric archeological remnants, such as the rectangular adze, were found in different areas in Indonesia, there had not been many who knew about process of making them, and the people who used them. The experimental duplication was done repetitively, gradually, and systematically. Repetition of the production of rectangular adze is made in order to be able to draw a general conclusion. The raw materials that are used are chert, metalimestone, limestone, chalcedony, jasper, and obsidian. A rectangular adze is produced after some steps are taken: firstly, preparing the raw material and the tool, secondly, shaping, and thirdly, molding.
Male and Female Differences in Colour Naming, A Case Study of FIB UI English Students
Authors: Maully Gevintha Karunia
Published: January 2018

There are many other aspects that can be explained to prove male and female differences, one of those differences can be seen by how they name colour. Using Lakoff’s theory, which talks about female and male differences in colour naming, as the main theory, this research is conducted. Using ten FIB UI English students as the sample, five males and five females, this research aims to prove Lakoff’s theory whether it is suitable with the condition of FIB UI English students or not. Besides, by the end of this research, readers can find some other aspects which can affect one’s colour vocabulary besides gender differences. At the end of the research, I can say that Lakoff’s theory about female and male differences in colour naming is more or less similar with the condition of FIB UI English students.
Negotiating American Indian Inclusion: Sovereignty, Same-Sex Marriage, and Sexual Minorities in Indian Country
Authors: Lambert Valerie
Published: January 2018

American Indians are often overlooked in the story of the struggle for marriage equality in the United States. Using anthropological approaches, this article synthesizes and extends scholarly knowledge about Native participation in this struggle. With sovereign rights to control their own domestic relations, tribes have been actively revising their marriage laws, laws that reflect the range of reservation climates for sexual and gender-identity minorities. Debates in Indian Country over the rights of these minorities and over queering marriage bring to the fore issues that help define the distinctiveness of Native participation in the movement. These include issues of “tradition,” “culture,” and Christianity.
Epidemiological profile and pattern of injuries in road traffic accidents in Moradabad: A prospective study
Authors: Bhat MohdAmjad , Sandhu Sarvjit Singh , Singh Pardeep
Published: January 2018

Background: In many countries, motor vehicle accidents rank first among all fatal accidents. RTAs have got multi-factorial causation. It is a part of the price we pay for our technological progress. Regional differences exist in the pattern of injury sustained by different types of road users that can have significant implications in the development of prevention policies.
The objective of the Study: To understand the profile and pattern of injuries sustained and circumstances leading to RTAs in and around Moradabad, U.P.
Materials and Methods: After ethical clearance for the study, all RTA victims presenting to the Casualty of TMU Moradabad, U.P. were taken for this study. All relevant details of RTIs were recorded and data collected, entered on a predesigned proforma and then tabulated, analyzed and interpreted statistically.
Results: Out of 730 patients included in this study, most common victims were pedestrians (33.01%), most common site of injury was head (86.71%), most common external injury was lacerated wound (46.75%), and intoxication was seen in 24.11%, protective/safety measures used by 10.23%.
Conclusion: RTAs continue to be a speedily rising problem, causing heavy loss of manpower and resources. Road users should be properly trained by authorized centers; driving licenses should be issued after strict testing of driving skills. Trauma centers with integrated facility of surgical, orthopedic, neurosurgical, anesthetic experts with modern investigative procedures like USG, CT-Scan and facility of blood-bank is the best solution for RTA victims who are severely injured.
The use of cartoons as a teaching tool to enhance student learning in Medical Jurisprudence
Authors: Asawa Shrikant , Paliwal Swapnil , Sarangdhar Shirish
Published: January 2018

Background - Cartoons have been used effectively as a teaching tool in other settings and were considered as a potentially useful teaching aid. Medical Jurisprudence is one area which needs paramount attention in the present era of Consumer Protection Act and growing litigations against Medical Practitioners. This study examines the impact of cartoons in improving healthcare professional’s knowledge with regards to Medical Jurisprudence as desired by Medical Council of India, thereby addressing the equally important affection domain, in addition to cognitive and psychomotor domains.
A very high percentage of students agreed that medical cartoons help in clarity of concept (99%), memory processing (98%), retention and learning (99%), in reproduction (86%), in generation of interest (100%), in focus (98%), in interaction (95%) and as an effective teaching tool (100%).
Conclusion – Study suggested that students are interested in power point lectures with academic cartoons since they are effective teaching tool which helps in understanding the topic in abetter way and facilitates the clarity of the concept, generates interest, helps in retention and learning.
A Review on the Concepts of Traditional Architecture by Mulla Sadra’s Al-Hikmat Al-Mota'alie
Authors: Sheijani Zeinab Soleimani , Sheijani Seddighe Soleimani , Khakpour Mojgan
Published: January 2018

Paying little attention to the roots of today's architecture has departed the contemporary architecture from its conceptual origins. However, the single application of traditional architecture principles does not fulfill the demands of today's life. Although by peering into the traditional Iranian architecture, principles and specific ideas implicit in the Islamic wisdom of Iran are revealed. In addition to maintaining the values of traditional architecture, a new approach to architectural design can also be achieved by recognizing and integrating these principles with the necessities of today's life. The article aims to answer whether it is possible to create a link between the traditional Iranian architecture concepts and the principles of contemporary rational architecture, similar to what Mulla Sadra, the great Persian philosopher, created between the Iranian ancient wisdom and al-Hikmat al-Masha which was solely a rational philosophy. To achieve the mentioned aim, first Mulla Sadra's intellectual structure has been studied, after modeling al-Hikmat al-Mota'alie. Then the traditional architecture has been analyzed in order to recognize its being (al-Wojud) and essence (al-Mahiyat). The priority of being has been introduced in the next step, followed by levels of being. The next pace was to discuss the structure of Mulla Sadra's thinking method in architecture. The results of study indicate that the process of communication between ancient wisdom and al-Hikmat al-Mashaexplained by Sadra can be classified in two phases, cognizing and integrating. In the stage of integration Sadra used rational reasoning to prove the issues that have been obtained through intuition and the same trend can be applied in architecture. The intuitive aspects of traditional architecture can also be presented within the framework of today's rationalist architecture in two steps, including cognizing and integrating.
 
The Effect of pH and Aging Time on the Synthesis of TiO2 – Chitosan Nanocomposites as Photocatalyst by Sol-Gel Method at Room Temperature
Authors: Fajriati Imelda , Mudasir M , Wahyuni Endang Tri
Published: January 2018

The synthesis of TiO2–chitosan nanocomposite photocatalyst using Titanium(IV)-Isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursors and chitosan as host material has been conducted. The synthesis was carried out using sol-gel method at room temperature and aging to grow crystal seeds and generate nanoparticles. The success of forming nano-sized anatase phase TiO2 nanocrystal was strongly influenced by the sol pH system during hydrolysis and the aging time. The effect of sol pH system and aging time to the crystallinity level and particle size were examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Diffuse Reflectance UV-Spectroscopy (DR-UV). The results showed that TiO2 produced in acidic pHs (pH 2-4) tended to have higher crystallinity level than that produced in weakly alkaline (pH > 6), which prone to be amorphous. The longer aging time (> 14 days) also tended to produce the amorphous phase. Furthermore, chitosan as a host material had a notable influence in determining the crystallinity level and particle size of TiO2 in TiO2–chitosan nanocomposite.
Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activity in Ethanolic Extract from Promising Accessions of Curcuma aeruginosa RoxB.
Authors: Nurcholis Waras , Khumaida Nurul , Syukur Muhamad , Bintang Maria
Published: January 2018

This study evaluated the free radical scavenging activity in ethanolic extracts from 20 accessions of Curcuma aeruginosa. The radical scavenging activity of the extract accessions was investigated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 89.81 to 505.65 µg mL-1. Based on IC50 values, twenty accessions of C. aeruginosa can be divided into three groups: strong (two accessions); moderate (seventeen accessions); and low (one accession) of DPPH scavenger. Sukoharjo (SH) and Muara Bungo (MB) showed promising accessions for antioxidant potential, thus these accessions important to selection for future breeding program in pharmaceutical products.
Biochemical Properties of Mercuric Reductase from Local Isolate of Bacillus sp for Bioremediation Agent
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Nuzulla Yuliana Firdausi , Hadi Sofijan , Prasetyawati Endang Triwahyu
Published: January 2018

Mercuric reductase is the important enzyme which catalyzes a reduction of a toxic Hg2+ to non-toxic Hg0. The enzyme which has been potentially used as mercury bioremediation agent is produced by mercury resistant bacteria. These research aims are to determinate the resistance level of a local Bacillus sp to HgCl2 in media, to determine the mercuric reductase activity from the bacteria, and to determine the biochemical properties of the mercuric reductase. The Bacillus sp was grown in the Nutrient Broth media with various of  0; 20; 40; 60; 120; and 160 µM HgCl2 to know the response of the bacteria against mercury, The cell growth of Bacillus sp was measured by optical density (OD) method of at λ 600 nm. The mercuric reductase activity was assayed in the solution of MRA (Mercury Reductase Assay), then the oxidized NADPH was observed by the spectrophotometry method at λ340 nm. The result showed that the Bacillus sp has been resistant to media containing mercury at 120 µM, but the microbial growth was decreased by 50% in media containing mercury 80 µM. The Bacillus sp could produce highly the mercuric reductase enzyme at 16 hours of growth time with enzyme activity as 0.574 Unit/µg. The mercuric reductase from the bacteria has an  optimum activity at pH 6 and temperature 37 °C
Potencialidades de um arquivo escolar: o caso do Núcleo de Documentação e Memória do Colégio Pedro II
Authors: Cardoso Tatyana Marques de Macedo , Oliveira Claudia Maria Costa Alves de
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o potencial histórico arquivístico do Núcleo de Documentação e Memória do Colégio Pedro II (NUDOM) para as pesquisas acadêmicas a partir do seu vasto acervo. Essa instituição secular de ensino, criada em 1837, localizada no Centro do Rio de Janeiro, se constitui em um “lugar de memória”, personagem/objeto, patrimônio da História da Educação Brasileira. O acervo documental deste Núcleo tem valor inestimável para a instituição e alto grau de relevância para a pesquisa, pois dimensiona a importância do Colégio no desenvolvimento da Educação Brasileira.
DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA, CIDADANIA E DIALÉTICA: VALORES E PRINCÍPIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Oliveira Sobrinho Afonso Soares , Lopes Figueiredo Eduardo Henrique
Published: January 2018

O século XXI é marcado por uma globalização perversa, fruto de contradições sociais, econômicas, políticas e ambientais, que tem como carro-chefe o consumismo. Um mundo da barbárie fruto da perda do sentido ético da existência humana. Pari Passu a um mundo tecnológico fantástico, é preciso discutir a dialética com vistas ao reconhecimento do outro como singular e universal. Nesse diapasão, insere-se o espaço digital com vistas ao equilíbrio social e ambiental. Assim, discute-se a cidadania e a dialética a partir do valor-fonte dignidade da pessoa humana, inserido no meio ambiente cultural à luz dos princípios constitucionais na sociedade da informação. Utiliza-se um método dialético de pesquisa e uma vasta pesquisa bibliográfica com o objetivo de estudar o problema central: a necessidade de valores e princípios constitucionais que interagem dialeticamente em uma sociedade da informação para alcançar uma sociedade justa, solidária e cidadã. Concluímos que o revigoramento dos instrumentos democrático-deliberativos-participativos em rede sedimenta bens culturais por meio de valores e princípios constitucionais norteadores da vida em sociedade por uma sociedade mais justa, fraterna e livre.
The Contemporary Use of Historical Thought
Authors: Hampsher-Monk Iain
Published: January 2018

First published in Studies in Social and Political Thought 3, 2000.
Thinking from No-Man’s-Land. The Life and Work of Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Müller-Doohm Stefan , Bird-Pollan (Translator) Stefan
Published: January 2018

First Published in Studies in Social and Political Thought 11, 2005. Translation by Stefan Bird-Pollan.
The One and the Many: Revisioning Adorno’s Critique of Western Reason
Authors: Cook Deborah
Published: January 2018

First published in Studies in Social and Political Thought 18, 2010.
Social Justice and Financial Capitalism: Some Notions on Risks, Hierarchies, and Value
Authors: Eskelinen Teppo
Published: January 2018

The recurring financial crises and intensive financialisation force a reconsideration of theories of justice. This article analyses financial capitalism as an ideal-type. In ideal-typical financial capitalism, risks and positions of vulnerability take a pronounced role in the determination of social positions. Risks also come in a specific ontological form. Further, the analysis extends to the production of value in financial capitalism and its relation to a particular logic of determining social positions. The article discusses, how should theories of justice be updated to accommodate this particular ontology of risks. This requires also making a distinction between explicit and implicit priority orders in a society.
The Red Polybius: Otto Bauer’s theory of the democratic republic
Authors: Möller Kolja
Published: January 2018

This article reconstructs Austro-Marxist Otto Bauer’s theoretical reflections on the democratic republic. It demonstrates how Bauer proceeds from the irreducible conflict around the exercise of rule as his point of departure, but also pays due attention to the impact existing legal and political forms have on scopes of articulation for antagonistic conflict. He elaborates a cycle of three stages through which the democratic republic passes: proletarian democracy, the people’s republic, and an innovative conceptualization of the dictatorship of the proletariat as a backdrop for the stabilization and defence of democratic institutions. Bauer’s reflections refine central concepts of political Marxism* and relate them to democratic theory. Drawing loosely on Polybius’ cycle of constitutions, Bauer can be viewed as a ‘Red Polybius’. He soberly analyses the different stages of the republic and reveals how they are connected to one another. Ultimately, this article demonstrates that Bauer’s work provides ample resources for theorizing the mutual interrelations and interrelatedness of social conflict and political form.* ‘Political Marxism’ in this sense does not refer to the theoretical current within the Anglophone world, but rather to a Marxism that is political, i.e. that views the production of theory as a means to an end, namely the political transformation of society as a whole.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) to Petroleum
Authors: Ezike Christopher Onyemaechi , Echor Felix Okaliwe
Published: January 2018

One hundred and twenty (120) fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (mean weight: 0.96 ± 0.1g) were randomly exposed to 4 experimental treatments of petroleum, based on LC50 values (6.4mg/L of crude oil, 8.7mg/L of petrol, 8.0mg/L of kerosene and 7.8mg/L of diesel oil) and replicated thrice, to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in exposed fish for 96 h. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in total (PAHs) between crude oil (97.1 ng/uL) and diesel (97.2 ng/uL) exposed fish and also between petrol (53.2 ng/uL) and kerosene (49.6 ng/uL) exposed fish, but there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in PAH levels of the crude oil/diesel exposed -groups of fish compared to petrol/kerosene exposed -groups of fish (97.1/97.2 and 53.2/49.6 ng/uL). Naphthalene correlated positively to benzo a anthracene (r=0.672, (P < 0.05), benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.681, P < 0.05) and chrysene (r=0.615, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to fluorene. Benzo a anthracene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.578, P < 0.05), phenathrene (r=0.685, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to acenaphthene. Fluorene correlated positively to benzo a pyrene (r=0.695, P < 0.05) but did not correlate to chrysene. Chrysene correlated positively to dibenzo a,h, pyrene (r=0.658, P < 0.05) to phenathrene and benzo b fluoranthene (r=0.659, P< 0.05). Indeno 123 cd- pyrene and fluranthene however did not correlate to other PAHs except naphthanene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. The level of PAH in fish may translate to the toxicity effect since crude oil and diesel with lower LC50 (6.4 and 7.8 mg/L)   deposited greater PAH than kerosene and petrol with higher LC50 (8.7 and 8.0 mg/L) in fingerlings of C. gariepinus. High risk to cancer disorders may occur in exposed fish to petroleum with high incidence of fluorene , anthracene, pyrene and benz a anthracene which correlated positively to benzo a pyrene which provide some basis for predicting impact of oil spills on fingerling population.
Randomized Trial Comparing Suture Button with Single Syndesmotic Screw for Syndesmosis Injury
Authors: Andersen Mette Renate , Frihagen Frede , Hellund Johan Castberg , Madsen Jan Erik , Figved Wender
Published: January 2018

Background:

This study compared clinical and radiographic results between patients who underwent stabilization of an acutely injured syndesmosis with a suture button (SB) and those treated with 1 quadricortical syndesmotic screw (SS).

Methods:

Ninety-seven patients, 18 to 70 years old, with an ankle injury that included the syndesmosis were randomized to 2 groups: SB (48 patients) and SS (49). The main outcome measure was the score on the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. The secondary outcome measures were the Olerud-Molander Ankle (OMA) score, visual analog scale (VAS), and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) Index and VAS. Computed tomography (CT) scans of both ankles were obtained at 2 weeks and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Both groups were allowed partial weight-bearing at 2 weeks and full weight-bearing at 6 weeks. The mean time for SS removal was 85.9 days (range, 39 to 132 days) after surgery. The patients were followed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 and 2 years. Two years of follow-up were completed for 87 (90%) of the patients (46 in the SB group and 41 in the SS group).

Results:

The SS group had more injuries to the posterior malleolus than the SB group. At 2 years, the median AOFAS score was higher in the SB group than in the SS group (96 [interquartile range, or IQR, 90 to 100] versus 86 [IQR, 80 to 96]; p = 0.001), as was the median OMA score (100 [IQR, 95 to 100] versus 90 [IQR, 75 to 100]; p < 0.001). The SB group reported less pain during walking at 2 years than the SS group (median VAS score, 0 [IQR, 0 to 1] versus 1 [IQR, 0 to 2]; p = 0.008) and less pain during rest (median VAS score, 0 [IQR, 0 to 0] versus 0 [IQR, 0 to 1]; p = 0.04). There was no difference between treatments groups with regard to pain at night or during daily activities at 2 years. The SB group had a higher median EQ-5D Index score at 2 years (1.0 [IQR, 1 to 1] versus 0.88 [IQR, 0.8 to 1.0]; p = 0.005). Twenty of 40 patients in the SS group had a difference in the tibiofibular distance of ≥2 mm between the injured and uninjured ankles at 2 years, compared with 8 of 40 in the SB group (p = 0.009). Seven patients in the SS group had symptomatic recurrent syndesmotic diastasis during the treatment period compared with none in the SB group (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:

The patients treated with an SB had higher AOFAS scores, OMA scores, and EQ-5D Index scores as well as lower (better) VAS scores for pain during walking and pain during rest. Also, the SB group had less widening seen radiographically at 2 years than did the patients in the SS group. No differences in the scores for pain at night or during daily activities were identified.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Automated Three-Dimensional Measurement of Glenoid Version and Inclination in Arthritic Shoulders
Authors: Boileau Pascal , Cheval Damien , Gauci Marc-Olivier , Holzer Nicolas , Chaoui Jean , Walch Gilles
Published: January 2018

Background:

Preoperative computed tomography (CT) measurements of glenoid version and inclination are recommended for planning glenoid implantation in shoulder arthroplasty. However, current manual or semi-automated 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) methods are user-dependent and time-consuming. We assessed whether the use of a 3D automated method is accurate and reliable to measure glenoid version and inclination in osteoarthritic shoulders.

Methods:

CT scans of osteoarthritic shoulders of 60 patients scheduled for shoulder arthroplasty were obtained. Automated, surgeon-operated, image analysis software (Glenosys; Imascap) was developed to measure glenoid version and inclination. The anatomic scapular reference planes were defined as the mean of the peripheral points of the scapular body as well as the plane perpendicular to it, passing along the supraspinatus fossa line. Measurements were compared with those obtained using previously described manual or semi-automated methods, including the Friedman version angle on 2D CTs, Friedman method on 3D multiplanar reconstructions (corrected Friedman method), Ganapathi-Iannotti and Lewis-Armstrong methods on 3D volumetric reconstructions (for glenoid version), and Maurer method (for glenoid inclination).The mean differences (and standard deviation) and the concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were calculated. Two orthopaedic surgeons independently examined the images for the interobserver analysis, with one of them measuring them twice more for the intraobserver analysis; interobserver and intraobserver reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:

The mean difference in the Glenosys glenoid version measurement was 2.0° ± 4.5° (CCC = 0.93) compared with the Friedman method, 2.5° ± 3.2° (CCC = 0.95) compared with the corrected Friedman method, 1.5° ± 4.5° (CCC = 0.94) compared with the Ganapathi-Iannotti method, and 1.8° ± 3.8° (CCC = 0.95) compared with the Lewis-Armstrong method. There was a mean difference of 0.2° ± 4.7° (CCC = 0.78) between the inclination measurements made with the Glenosys and Maurer methods. The difference between the overall average 2D and 3D measurements was not significant (p = 0.45).

Conclusions:

Use of fully automated software for 3D measurement of glenoid version and inclination in arthritic shoulders is reliable and accurate, showing excellent correlation with previously described manual or semi-automated methods.

Clinical Relevance:

The use of automated surgeon-operated image analysis software to evaluate 3D glenoid anatomy eliminates interobserver and intraobserver discrepancies, improves the accuracy of preoperative planning for shoulder replacement, and offers a potential gain of time for the surgeon.
The Anteroposterior Pelvic Radiograph
Authors: Welton K. Linnea , Jesse Mary K. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Garabekyan Tigran , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: January 2018

➤ A proper technique is critically important for accurate interpretation of the anteroposterior radiograph, with a true anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis made with the patient in the supine or standing position with a tube-to-image distance of 120 cm and a photon beam centered midway between the pubic symphysis and the top of the iliac crests.

➤ Frequent characteristics of developmental dysplasia that may be seen on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph are a hypoplastic acetabular weight-bearing zone, steeply sloped acetabular roof, lateralized center of rotation, acetabular anteversion or retroversion in the presence of a hypovolemic acetabulum, and coxa valga.

➤ Increased depth, femoral head overcoverage, and/or abnormal acetabular version (typically retroversion) are the main etiologies of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

➤ Cam-type FAI deformities are represented by global deformities such as femoral head asphericity and diminished head-neck offset.

➤ Commonly utilized grading systems of osteoarthritis evaluate the hip for evidence of joint-space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and cyst formation, osteophyte development, and femoral head deformity.
Extent, capacity and possibilities of computational fluid dynamics as a design tool for pump intakes: a review
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yee Tien
Published: January 2018

Flow near pump intakes is three-dimensional in nature, and is affected by many factors such as the geometry of the intake bay, uniformity of approach flow, critical submergence, placements and operation combinations of pumps and so on. In the last three decades, advancement of numerical techniques coupled with the increase in computational resources made it possible to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on pump intakes. This article reviews different aspects involved in CFD modeling of pump station intakes, outlines the challenges faced by current CFD modelers, and provides an attempt to forecast future direction of CFD modeling of pump intakes.
Adsorption of methyl orange dye onto biochar adsorbent prepared from chicken manure
Authors: Yu Jiangang , Zhang Xingwen , Wang Dong , Li Ping
Published: January 2018

In this work, the biochar adsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was prepared from the pyrolysis (600 °C, 120 min) of chicken manure for the removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution, and its physicochemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The experimental parameters including agitation speed, initial solution pH, biochar dosage and contact time on the adsorption properties of MO from aqueous solution onto CMC were investigated in batch experiments. The kinetic adsorption of different initial concentration could be accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model and the overall rate process was apparently influenced by external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model showed a better fit with equilibrium data (R2 > 0.99), with the maximum adsorption capacity of 39.47 mg·g−1 at 25 °C. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of MO onto CMC was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results of this study indicated that CMC could be used as a promising biomass adsorbent material for aqueous solutions containing MO.
Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions in Later Life
Authors: Momtaz Yadollah A. , Haron Sharifah A. , Hamid Tengku A. , Ibrahim Rahimah , Tanjani Parisa T.
Published: January 2018

Background:

The findings from previous studies exploring the association between BMI and
cognitive function in the elderly are conflicting. The purpose of the present study is twofold; to verify
the association between BMI and cognitive functions and examine whether this association is impacted
by height, when adjusted for possible covariates.

Methods:

The data for this study, consisted of 2287 older adults aged 60 years and above, drawn from a
nationally representative population-based survey entitled “Determinants of Wellness among Older Malaysians:
A Health Promotion Perspective” conducted in 2009.

Results:

The mean age of the respondents was 68.7 (SD=6.6) years. The average score of cognitive
function, measured by MMSE was 24.5 (SD=5.6). About 40% of the respondents were classified as
overweight. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association between
BMI and cognitive function (Beta=.10, p<.001). The Factorial ANCOVA revealed significant interaction
effect between BMI and height on cognitive function (F= 10.8, p<.001), after adjusting for possible
covariates.

Conclusion:

The findings from the current study indicating the positive association between BMI and
cognitive function depends on height, therefore it is suggested that short people might be targeted for
dementia prevention.
ANTI PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF CALAMUS ROTANG AS A SPOTLIGHT ON EHRLICH’S ASCITES CARCINOMA TREATED PERITONEAL AS WELL AS SOLID TUMOR MODEL
Authors: Roy Subeer , Kumari Diksha , Chakraborty Mainak , Haldar Pallab Kanti
Published: January 2018

Objective: Methanol extract of Calamus rotang (MECR) root was appraised as a spotlight for the candidate of anticancer activity through the vehicle (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) on Swiss albino mice.Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity assay has been accessed by trypan blue and MTT assay. In vivo anticancer activity was done using EAC cells (2 × 106) where in each groups mice were 6. After treatment with MECR at the lower dose of 200 and higher dose of 400 mg/kg respectively for 9 d, half of the mice of each group were sacrificed and the rest were kept to check prolongation of life span. The anticancer potential of MECR was evaluated by tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters, biochemical estimations and Furthermore, tissue antioxidant parameters. Besides, solid tumor activity was also inspected.Results: In MECR treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg) tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count was significantly lessened as compared to that of the EAC control group. Life span, most reliable criteria for anticancer study, increased quite surprisingly by 50% and 100% in a dose dependant manner while compared to EAC control group. The hematological, biochemical and liver tissue antioxidant parameter are significantly (p<0.05) restored along with solid tumor case study (solid tumor volume) towards the normal level after treatment with MECR.Conclusion: From the above study it can be inferred that the MECR has impressive anticancer activity in dose dependent way.
THE N-HEXANE FRACTION OF MYRMECODIA PENDANS INHIBITS CELL SURVIVAL AND PROLIFERATION IN COLON CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Bashari Muhammad Hasan , Hidayat Saras , Ruswandi Yasmin Anissa Robles , Putri Tenny , Qomarilla Nurul , Dwiwina Resti Gradia , Kurnia Dikdik , Satari Mieke H. , Huda Fathul
Published: January 2018

Objective: Despite advanced treatment options available for colorectal cancer, many reported resistance and unresponsiveness to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, it is urgent to discover a novel drug for colon cancer. Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia pendans), an Indonesian native plant, has been studied extensively due to its anti-cancer profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumour activity of Sarang Semut in colon cancer cells.Methods: We evaluated cytotoxic activity of methanol extract as well as n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction towards colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells) utilizing 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The most potent fraction was evaluated further in inhibiting cell survival using MTT assay and cell proliferation using trypan blue exclusion assay as well as a clonogenic assay.Results: Our data showed that the n-hexane fraction of Sarang Semut induces more cell death than the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. Therefore, we analyzed the n-hexane fraction further and found that the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of the n-hexane fraction was 24 and 30 parts per million (ppm) for Caco-2 and HCT-116 cells, respectively. Moreover, it inhibited cell growth as well as cell colony formation, in particular, shown by the plating efficiency (P<0.05) and colony area per seed (P<0.01) of the control group were different to the treatment group.Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Sarang Semut demonstrates a high potential antitumor activity in colon cancer cell line.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PECTIN-CALCIUM CHLORIDE BEADS OF AZATHIOPRINE FOR COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Atara Samir A , Soniwala Moinuddin M
Published: January 2018

Objective: Calcium pectinate is an insoluble hydrophilic material used for sustained release delivery. The objective of the study was formulation and evaluation pectin-calcium chloride beads of azathioprine.Methods: Calibration curves of azathioprine were prepared in 0.1N HCl solution (pH-1.2) and phosphate buffer (pH-6.8 and pH-7.4). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine compatibility between azathioprine and excipients. Formulation and optimization of calcium-pectinate beads were performed. The coating of the optimized batch was performed with eudragit S100. Micrometric properties, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro azathioprine release, and stability study was performed. Dissolution kinetic study was assessed for various kinetics models of the optimized batch. The Wilcoxon test followed by the Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were performed between uncoated and coated beads in vitro dissolution profile of optimized batch in 0.1N HCl after 2 h.Results: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry had identical peaks with that of pure azathioprine in compatibility study. Scanning electron microscopy of an uncoated optimized batch of beads indicated the smooth and uniform surface of prepared beads. Eudragit S100 coating was decreased release of azathioprine release in 0.1N HCl after 2 h (p = 0.049, q = 3.533). Korsmeyer/Peppa's model was applied with release exponent higher than 1. In vitro percentage cumulative azathioprine release was identical before and after stability study.Conclusion: Calcium pectinate beads of azathioprine, a multi-particulate dosage form using pH-dependent approaches were prepared.