bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Execution of criminal penalties and measures of criminal lawpunishment bypenitentiary inspectorates without transport companies in modern conditions
Authors:   Marina E. Radchenko Pskov branch of the Academy of the federal penitentiary service of Russia, Radchenko Marina E. , Matveev Dmitry N. ,   Dmitry N. Matveev Pskov State University
Published: February 2023

Russia's criminal and penal enforcement policy is based on the principles of democracyandhumanism. This confirms the widespread use of punishments and measures of a criminal naturewithout isolationfrom society. Since the institution of execution of punishments and measures of a criminal-legal nature, preventive measures without isolation from society is in the process of active development and improvement, employeesof institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties are faced with a tendency when, for example, thepracticeof executing a suspended sentence does not coincide with some issues of legal regulation. Inaddition, therearemany controversial issues and problems in the execution of this measure of a criminal nature. Inthis regard, scientific interest in problematic issues of execution of punishments and measures of a criminal-legal nature, preventivemeasures without isolation from society is increasing. This article also suggests ways to fill gaps inthepracticalimplementation of the execution of punishments and measures of a criminal nature, preventive measureswithoutisolation from society.
Human rights activities (theoretical and legal aspect)
Authors:   Azadi T. Raghimov Dagestan State University, Raghimov Azadi T.
Published: February 2023

There are many studies in the legal literature devoted to human rights activities. Thepublicationoffered to the reader's attention, in contrast to them, considers this activity fromthe point of viewof ensuringtherealization of the human right to the protection of the law. It manifests both the human rights activitiesofapersonexercising human rights rights, and the human rights activities of the State implementinghumanrightsobligations.
Theoretical and legal aspects of the right to anonymity on the Internet
Authors:   Roman V. Fedorov Institute of Management Technologies of the MIREA – Russian Technological University, Fedorov Roman V.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Internet as a global digital informationenvironment,which is used by almost all mankind. The problem of the need for identification/anonymityinthenetworkisdebatable. The author of the article is looking for answers to related questions: howis anonymityusedonline?Howanonymous is an Internet user and how can he achieve anonymity? What are the pros and cons of anonymityonthe web? How effective is the legal regulation of anonymity specifically by regulatory legal acts?Shouldtheinternational community establish a general directive on how anonymity issues should be regulatedinMemberStates? The problem of boxing on the Internet is also touched upon. The methodological basis of theworkwasthemethods of complex analysis of legal phenomena of procedures and processes, general scientificandprivatescientific methods of cognition.
On the role of the state in environmental safety and sustainable development of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Elena V. Vorontsova Southwest State University, Vorontsova Elena V. , Vorontsov Andrey L. ,   Andrey L. Vorontsov  Southwest State University
Published: February 2023

The article examines the issues of ensuring the environmental safety of the RussianFederation,and also analyzes the role of the state in these processes. For Russia, the problemof ensuringenvironmental safetyis extremely relevant due to the need to expand the scope of industrial production in the context of theglobal environmental crisis. This problem is aggravated even more in connection with the course of our countrytowardssustainable development, which a priori implies a reduction in the anthropogenic load on the environment. Under these conditions, the role of the state in ensuring environmental safety increases significantly, sinceit isthestatethat determines the main directions of environmental activities, establishes legal regulators andorganizationalmechanisms for its implementation, and allocates material and financial resources for the implementationofspecific activities. The mechanism for ensuring environmental safety, which is being formed inRussia, isconsideredby the authors not within the framework of the traditional, i.e. organizational-legal approach, but withintheframework of an integrated approach, involving its consideration in the unity of three components: cultural, economic-technological and legal. Moreover, the cultural component, according to the authors, is fundamental inthismechanism, since it reflects the environmental consciousness of citizens, the level of development of whichdetermines the success of the state environmental policy.
Digital rights as objects of civil rights
Authors:   Radik Yu. Zakirov  Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Zakirov Radik Yu. , Kulmyakov Nikita S. ,   Nikita S. Kulmyakov  Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: February 2023

Technologies are rapidly developing in the world and have penetrated intoall spheresofhumanlife, acting as assistants in some areas, and surpassing humans in others. It is obvious that, thanks tonewtechnological changes, it is precisely the social relations that are developing about digital rights that aredevelopingmostdynamically. An important feature of such legal relations is their diversified nature. As a result, newlegal normsare being formed that regulate the use of digital data in conjunction with digital technologies. The author in this study considers digital rights as objects of civil rights. In the course of thestudy, theconcept of digital rights was defined, as well as research by scientists, including their debatable nature, intermsofcreating an exhaustive concept of digital rights. The characteristic features of digital objects andtheir meaningwere identified. The author also analyzed the form and form in which objects of digital rights arepresented.
Legal status and the features of state corporations in modern Russia
Authors:   Murad Sh. Mazanaev1 ,  Dagestan State University, Mazanaev Murad Sh. , Bekishiev N. A. ,   N. A. Bekishiev Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of theRussianFederation
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the theory, problems, advantages anddisadvantagesofstatecorporations. Achieving this goal has defined the need to complete the following tasks: clarificationofthestatecorporation definition, its objectives and legal basis; identification of the distinctive features fromothermechanisms of government regulation of the economy; analysis of Russian experience in state corporationfunctioning;identifying of the state corporation advantages and disadvantages in the market economy. The authorscriticisethestate’s poor control, management quality and the red tape in the state corporations, so they believereplacingthemwith public limited companies where 100% of participation share belongs to the state to be reasonable.
Comorbidity Differences by Trajectory Groups as a Reference for Identifying Patients at Risk for Late Mortality in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Longitudinal National Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Hyery , Kim Hae Reong , Kang Sung Han , Koh Kyung-Nam , Im Ho Joon , Park Yu Rang
Published: February 2023

Background

Childhood cancer has a high long-term morbidity and mortality rate. Five years after the initial cancer diagnosis, approximately two-thirds of childhood cancer survivors experience at least one late complication, with one-quarter experiencing severe, life-threatening complications. Chronic health conditions can impact survivors’ life planning and daily activities, reducing their health-related quality of life. Comprehensive and longitudinal data are required for investigations of national claims data.

Objective

This study aimed to address clinical and health policy interventions and improved survival rates. A comprehensive categorization of the long-term morbidities associated with childhood cancer survivorship is required. We analyzed the trajectory groups associated with long-term mortality among childhood cancer survivors.

Methods

We collected data from a nationwide claims database of the entire Korean population. Between 2003 and 2007, patients diagnosed with and treated for cancer before the age of 20 years were included. With 8119 patients who survived >10 years, 3 trajectory groups were classified according to yearly changes in the number of diagnoses (the lowest in group 1 and the highest in group 3).

Results

The patterns of most comorbidities and survival rates differed significantly between the trajectory groups. Group 3 had a higher rate of mental and behavioral disorders, neoplasms, and blood organ diseases than the other two groups. Furthermore, there was a difference in the number of diagnoses by trajectory groups over the entire decade, and the disparity increased as the survival period increased. If a patient received more than four diagnoses, especially after the fourth year, the patient was likely to be assigned to group 3, which had the worst prognosis. Group 1 had the highest overall survival rate, and group 3 had the lowest (P<.001). Group 3 had the highest hazard ratio of 4.37 (95% CI 2.57-7.42; P<.001) in a multivariate analysis of late mortality.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the pattern of comorbidities differed significantly among trajectory groups for late death, which could help physicians identify childhood cancer survivors at risk for late mortality. Patients with neoplasms, blood organ diseases, or mental and behavioral disorders should be identified as having an increased risk of late mortality. Furthermore, vigilance and prompt action are essential to mitigate the potential consequences of a child cancer survivor receiving four or more diagnoses within a year.
The Effect of Periodic Email Prompts on Participant Engagement With a Behavior Change mHealth App: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Agachi Elena , Bijmolt Tammo H A , van Ittersum Koert , Mierau Jochen O
Published: February 2023

Background

Following the need for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, mobile health (mHealth) apps are increasingly used for promoting lifestyle behavior changes. Although mHealth apps have the potential to reach all population segments, providing accessible and personalized services, their effectiveness is often limited by low participant engagement and high attrition rates.

Objective

This study concerns a large-scale, open-access mHealth app, based in the Netherlands, focused on improving the lifestyle behaviors of its participants. The study examines whether periodic email prompts increased participant engagement with the mHealth app and how this effect evolved over time. Points gained from the activities in the app were used as an objective measure of participant engagement with the program. The activities considered were physical workouts tracked through the mHealth app and interactions with the web-based coach.

Methods

The data analyzed covered 22,797 unique participants over a period of 78 weeks. A hidden Markov model (HMM) was used for disentangling the overtime effects of periodic email prompts on participant engagement with the mHealth app. The HMM accounted for transitions between latent activity states, which generated the observed measure of points received in a week.

Results

The HMM indicated that, on average, 70% (15,958/22,797) of the participants were in the inactivity state, gaining 0 points in total per week; 18% (4103/22,797) of the participants were in the average activity state, gaining 27 points per week; and 12% (2736/22,797) of the participants were in the high activity state, gaining 182 points per week. Receiving and opening a generic email was associated with a 3 percentage point increase in the likelihood of becoming active in that week, compared with the weeks when no email was received. Examining detailed email categories revealed that the participants were more likely to increase their activity level following emails that were in line with the program’s goal, such as emails regarding health campaigns, while being resistant to emails that deviated from the program’s goal, such as emails regarding special deals.

Conclusions

Participant engagement with a behavior change mHealth app can be positively influenced by email prompts, albeit to a limited extent. Given the relatively low costs associated with emails and the high population reach that mHealth apps can achieve, such instruments can be a cost-effective means of increasing participant engagement in the stride toward improving program effectiveness.
Studies on HIV/AIDS Among Students: Bibliometric Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Na , Zhang Runxi , Ye Zeyan , Lan Guanghua , Zhu Qiuying , Chen Huanhuan , Zhang Xiangjun , Tan Shengkui , Ruan Yuhua , Lin Mei
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

In recent years, HIV infection in students has been an ongoing concern worldwide. A large number of articles have been published; however, statistical analysis of the data presented in these publications is lacking.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to detect and analyze emerging trends and collaborative networks in research on HIV/AIDS among students.

METHODS

Research publications on HIV/AIDS among students from 1985 to 2022 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. A topic search was used for this study, and articles in English were included. CiteSpace was used to generate visual networks of countries/regions, institutions, references, and keywords. Citation analysis was used to discover milestones in the field and trace the roots of the knowledge base. Keyword analysis was used to detect research hotspots and predict future trends.

RESULTS

A total of 2726 publications met the inclusion criteria. Over the past 38 years, the number of publications annually has been on the rise overall. The United States had the highest number of publications (n=1303) and the highest centrality (0.91). The University of California system was the core institution. The main target population of studies on HIV/AIDS among students were medical and university students. These studies focused on students’ knowledge, attitudes, risk behaviors, and education about HIV/AIDS. The recent bursting keywords (gay, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy) revealed research trends and public interest on this topic.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified countries/regions and institutions contributing to the research area of HIV/AIDS among students and revealed research hotspots and emerging trends. The field of research on HIV/AIDS among students was growing rapidly. The United States was at the center, and the University of California system was the core institution. However, academic collaboration should be strengthened. Future research may focus on exploring gay students, sexual health, adherence, barriers, mental health, HIV testing, stigma, and antiretroviral therapy.
Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines Among Chinese Older Adults: Prevalence, Correlates, and Associations With Physical and Mental Health Outcomes (Preprint)
Authors: Liang Wei , Wang Yanping , Huang Qian , Shang Borui , Su Ning , Zhou Lin , Rhodes Ryan E , Baker Julien Steven , Duan Yanping
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

It is known that 24-hour movement behaviors, including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep, are crucial components affecting older adults’ health. Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for older adults were launched in 2020, emphasizing the combined role of these 3 movement behaviors in promoting older adults’ health. However, research on the prevalence and correlates of guideline adherence and its associations with health-related outcomes is limited, especially among Chinese older adults.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines among Chinese older adults. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the associations of guideline adherence with older adults’ physical and mental health outcomes.

METHODS

Using a stratified cluster random sampling approach, a total of 4562 older adults (mean age 67.68 years, SD 5.03 years; female proportion: 2544/4562, 55.8%) were recruited from the latest provincial health surveillance of Hubei China from July 25 to November 19, 2020. Measures included demographics, movement behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep), BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), percentage body fat (PBF), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, physical fitness, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to examine the associations between variables using SPSS 28.0 (IBM Corp).

RESULTS

Only 1.8% (83/4562) of participants met all 3 movement guidelines, while 32.1% (1466/4562), 3.4% (155/4562), and 66.4% (3031/4562) met the individual behavioral guidelines for PA, SB, and sleep, respectively. Participants who were older, were female, and lived in municipalities with lower economic levels were less likely to meet all 3 movement guidelines. Adhering to individual or combined movement guidelines was associated with greater physical fitness and lower values of BMI, waist circumference, WHR, PBF, depressive symptoms, and loneliness, with the exception of the relationship of SB+sleep guidelines with loneliness. Furthermore, only meeting SB guidelines or meeting both PA and SB guidelines was associated with lower systolic blood pressure.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to investigate adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines among Chinese older adults with regard to prevalence, correlates, and associations with physical and mental health outcomes. The findings emphasize the urgent need for promoting healthy movement behaviors among Chinese older adults. Future interventions to improve older adults’ physical and mental health should involve enhancing their overall movement behaviors and should consider demographic differences.
Association Between Daily Internet Use and Incidence of Chronic Diseases Among Older Adults: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Peiyi , Zhang Chenyang , Gao Shuanliang , Zhang Yanbo , Liang Xiaolong , Wang Chengdi , Zhu Tao , Li Weimin
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Chronic disease incidence among the elderly is increasing, which is correlated with the acceleration of population aging. Evolving internet technologies may help prevent and provide interventions for chronic diseases in an accelerating aging process. However, the impact of daily internet use on the incidence of chronic diseases is not well understood.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate whether daily internet use by middle-aged and older adults may inhibit or promote the occurrence of chronic diseases.

METHODS

We included participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a longitudinal survey of Chinese residents aged ≥45 years. We assessed 8-year data from wave 1 (June 2011-March 2012) to wave 4 (July-September 2018) in CHARLS. Data from wave 4 were used for a cross-sectional study, and data from all 4 waves were used for a longitudinal study. Self-reported data were used to track variables, including internet use, use frequency, and the incidence of different chronic diseases. Cox proportional hazards modeling was applied in the longitudinal study to examine the relationship between daily internet use and chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults, while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors. In addition, longitudinal data were used to analyze internet usage trends, and cross-sectional data were used to analyze the factors influencing internet use.

RESULTS

Among the 20,113 participants included in the longitudinal analyses, internet use increased significantly, from 2% to 12.3%, between 2011 and 2018. The adjusted model found statistically significant relationships between daily internet use and a lower incidence of the following chronic diseases: hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.65-0.95, P=.01), chronic lung disease (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97, P=.03), stroke (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94, P=.02), digestive disease (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.91, P=.005), memory-related disorders (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91, P=.02), arthritis or rheumatism (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48-0.76, P<.001), asthma (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.84, P=.007), depression (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.89, P<.001), and vision impairment (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.93, P=.004). Moreover, our study also showed that with increasing frequency of internet use, the risk of some chronic diseases decreases.

CONCLUSIONS

This study found that middle-aged and older adults who use the internet have a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases versus those who do not use the internet. The increasing prevalence of daily internet use among middle-aged and older adults may stimulate contemplation of the potential role of internet platforms in future research on chronic disease prevention.
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Systolic Blood Pressure in CKD
Authors: Beynon-Cobb Beverley , Louca Panayiotis , Hoorn Ewout J. , Menni Cristina , Padmanabhan Sandosh
Published: February 2023

Background

Individuals with CKD are at a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Acidosis is positively correlated with CKD progression and elevated systolic BP. Sodium bicarbonate is an efficacious treatment of acidosis, although this may also increase systolic BP. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarize the evidence evaluating systolic BP and antihypertensive medication change (which may indicate systolic BP change) in response to sodium bicarbonate therapy in individuals with CKD.

Methods

Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and World Health Organization (WHO) trials registry databases were searched for randomized control trials where sodium bicarbonate was compared with placebo/usual care in CKD stage G1–5 non–dialysis-dependent populations. Random effects meta-analyses were used to evaluate changes in systolic BP and BP-modifying drugs after sodium bicarbonate intervention.

Results

Fourteen randomized control trials (2110 individuals, median follow-up 27 [interquartile range 97] weeks, mean age 60 [SD 10] years, mean systolic BP 136 [SD 17] mm Hg, mean eGFR 38 [SD 10] ml/min, mean serum bicarbonate 22 [SD 4] mmol/L) were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis suggested that sodium bicarbonate did not influence systolic BP in individuals with CKD stage G1–5. Results were consistent when stratifying by dose of sodium bicarbonate or duration of intervention. Similarly, there was no significant increase in the use of antihypertensive medication or diuretics in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate, whereas there was a greater decrease in antihypertensive medication use in individuals taking sodium bicarbonate compared with controls.

Conclusions

Our results suggest, with moderate certainty, that sodium bicarbonate supplementation does not adversely affect systolic BP in CKD or negatively influence antihypertensive medication requirements.
Disposition and Imputation of Inalienable Legal Interest
Authors:   Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute has, Kim Hyekyung
Published: February 2023

The Supreme Court is always consistent in that the protective legal interest of the crime of intrusion on housing is “de facto peace” However, when there are several people living in the same space, only the establishment of the crime has been analyzed, and the number of crimes has not been discussed. If there are a few of people who belong to the exclusive legal interest, it is impossible to share or transfer the legal interest as well as to succeed due to the possibility of transfer of the legal interest. Therefore, if there are several people living in the shared house, the protection legal interests must be recognized as overlapping as the number of residents. At this time, it should be understood that the infringement of protective legal interests due to a single act of invasion of housing exists as much as the number of residents. In this case, if conceptual concurrence is recognized, there is a concern of excessive evaluation of illegality, so here, would like to admit inclusive crime.
If the actor recognizes that some of the inaliennable legal interests agree and some explicitly reject them, the actor violates the legal interests of the deniers because there is an intention to invade the rejected people. Therefore, the crime is not established because the constituent requirements are understood and the applicability of the constituent requirements is carved, but the crime of some of the inclusive crime does not affect the establishment of the inclusive crime for the rejected. In other words, the crime of housebreaking is established.
However, if an actor who does not know the internal circumstances between people sharing the space enters with some consent, actor does not recognize the disagreement of others, so the intention cannot be established for the legal interest, and as a result, there is no intention of housing invasion for those who disagree. In addition, due to the nature of the intrusion act, the presence of the actor's intention depends on the ‘recognition’ of consent by the resident unless it is abnormal access, and that is the situation at the site facing the actor.
Through such arguments, here, if there are several people with the legal interest of de facto peace in the shared space, the establishment of the crime of house intrusion was resolved as inclusive crime. Although there are some deficiencies in the logical outcome process, this is also a task to be solved in the future in the process of argumentation.
PENERAPAN MANAJEMEN KUALITAS TERPADU PADA INDUSTRI MAKANAN SKALA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH (STUDI KASUS UMKM NASI GORENG)
Authors: Sumasto Fredy , Safril Safril , Imansuri Febriza , Wirandi Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Persaingan global membawa tantangan dan peluang bagi UMKM yang bergerak pada sektor kuliner di Indonesia, khususnya UMKM nasi goreng. Namun, permasalahan yang cukup sering terjadi pada UMKM sektor kuliner adalah keterlambatan waktu penyajian dan kualitas dari makanan yang disajikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan TQM pada UMKM kuliner nasi goreng sebagai upaya peningkatan pelayanan dan penanganan dari keluhan pelanggan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara pada pelaku UMKM nasi goreng di kota Depok. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan fishbone diagram dan failure mode & effect yang menjadi masukan untuk effort impact. Berdasarkan diagram hubungan antara solusi dan root cause, solusi dan tindakan untuk perbaikan yang perlu dilakukan oleh pelaku UMKM memiliki hubungan yang kuat. Hasil dari penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dengan menerapkan TQM dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan, meningkatkan produktivitas, dan keuntungan dalam UMKM.
Why Do Indian Surrogate Mothers Still Remain in Poverty?
Authors: Kuan-Ju Chen
Published: February 2023

After the release of new Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill in 2020, surrogate
mothers in India showed greater concerns over the rights to their
bodies. Despite receiving economic compensation from the intending
parents, surrogates have failed to convert their income into greater
well-beingness. In understanding what Sen (1999) claimed as
Capability Poverty, the research investigated the concept through
a dynamic interaction analysis of Bourdieu (1984)’s Capital
formation throughout the contracted pregnancy, contributing to the
surrogacy literature a novel ground in depicting a more dynamic capital
formation. The inconvertibility of economic capital for social,
cultural, and emotional capital proved a continued suffering for
surrogates, including both physical exploitations due to oppressive
medical settings and psychological burdens from stigmatisation
(re)produced from the traditional values and geographies of class. In
debating over whether surrogates possess actual ability to exercise
their agency over structure, it is essential that this research reminds
once again their choices over work are not made in isolation from
socioeconomic and cultural factors.
Tuning Mobile Phase Properties to Improve Empty Full Particle Separation in Adeno-associated Virus by Anion Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Chen Dennis , Warren James , Huang Chao
Published: February 2023

In the past decade, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has gained
increased attention as a prominent gene therapy technology to treat
monogenetic disease. One of the challenges in rAAV production is the
enrichment of full-rAAV particles containing the gene of interested
(GOI) payload. Herein, we demonstrated that by adjusting the mobile
phase properties of anion-exchange chromatography (AEX), Empty and Full
separation of rAAV was improved in monolith based preparative AEX
chromatography. When compared to the baseline method using NaCl, the
presence of tetraethylammonium acetate (TEA-Ac) in the AEX mobile phase
resulted in enhanced resolution (from 0.75 to 1.23) between Empty and
Full peaks by salt linear gradient elution, as well as increased the
percentage of full-rAAV particles from 20% to 36% and GOI genome
recovery (from 59% to 62%). Furthermore, a dual wash + step elution
AEX method was developed to harness TEA-Ac contribution on Empty and
Full separation in the first wash (wash1) step while removing TEA-Ac in
the second wash (wash2) step to ensure product safety. The resulting
optimized AEX purification method could be easily adapted in scaled-up
manufacturing and could also be applied to purification processes
involving other AAV serotypes facing similar Empty and Full rAAV
separation challenges.
Irrigation quantification through backscatter data assimilation with a buddy check approach
Authors: Busschaert Louise , Bechtold Michel , Modanesi Sara , Massari Christian , Brocca Luca , Lannoy Gabrielle J.M. De
Published: February 2023

Irrigation is an important component of the terrestrial water cycle, but
it is often poorly accounted for in models. Recent studies have
attempted to integrate satellite data and land surface models via data
assimilation (DA) to (1) detect and quantify irrigation, and (2) better
model the related land surface variables such as soil moisture,
vegetation, and evapotranspiration. In this study, different synthetic
DA experiments are tested to advance satellite DA for the estimation of
irrigation. We assimilate synthetic Sentinel-1 backscatter observations
into the Noah-MP model coupled with an irrigation scheme. When updating
soil moisture, we found that the DA sets better initial conditions to
trigger irrigation in the model. However, large DA updates to wetter
conditions can inhibit irrigation simulation. Building on this
limitation, we propose an improved DA algorithm using a buddy check
approach. The method still updates the land surface, but now the
irrigation trigger is not based on the evolution of soil moisture, but
on an adaptive innovation outlier detection. The new method was tested
with different levels of model and observation error. For mild model and
observation errors, the DA outperforms the model-only 14-day irrigation
estimates by about 30% in terms of root-mean-squared differences, when
frequent (daily or every other day) observations are available. The
improvements can surpass 50% for high forcing errors. However, with
longer observation intervals (7 days), the system strongly
underestimates the irrigation amounts. The method is flexible and can be
expanded to other DA systems and to a real world case.
Assessing Silt Generation and Origins in Granitoid-Hosted Soils: Implications for Loess Formation
Authors: Bonar Alicia Liddell , Soreghan Gerilyn , Madden Megan Erica Elwood
Published: February 2023

The origin and production of silt are key factors in the formation of
loess deposits. Although many processes can potentially lead to silt
generation, few are known to produce silt in the volumes and
particle-size modes required to form geologically significant loess
deposits. Here we investigate the hypothesis that pedogenic weathering
in tropical and Mediterranean climates can generate abundant in situ
silt, and therefore contribute significantly to loess formation
throughout geologic time. We utilize granulometric and geochemical data
from soils formed in Puerto Rico (hot-humid) and Southern California
(hot-arid) to discern whether the mud fraction (<62.5 μm) is
generated from bedrock (autochthonous) or sourced from eolian
contributions (allochthonous). Our study demonstrates that the Puerto
Rico soil contains abundant (up to 72%) silt- and clay-sized grains
compared to the Anza Borrego soil (<6%). However, the silt
fraction of the Puerto Rico soil is at least partially derived from
eolian inputs, and the silt fraction of the Anza Borrego soil is
geochemically indistinguishable from allochthonous dust sources.
Furthermore, while intense chemical weathering in a tropical climate can
produce abundant fines, the majority are significantly finer (average
mode ~15 µm) than the modes of most “typical” loess
deposits (modes more than 20 – 30 µm). In contrast, weathering in
Mediterranean climates produces volumetrically sparse silt. Hence,
pedogenic weathering in hot climates appears to be ineffectual for
producing the volume and size distributions of silt-sized material
needed to generate significant loess deposits.
No consistent simulated trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the past 6,000 years
Authors: Jiang Zhiyi , Brierley Christopher Meltcalfe , Bader Jürgen , Braconnot Pascale , Erb Michael P. , Hopcroft Peter O. , Jiang Dabang , Jungclaus Johann H , Khon Vyacheslav C. , Lohmann Gerrit , Marti Olivier , Osman Matthew , Otto-Bliesner Bette L , Schneider Birgit , Shi Xiaoxu , Thornalley David , Tian Zhiping , Zhang Qiong
Published: February 2023

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key feature
of the North Atlantic with global ocean impacts. The AMOC’s response to
past changes in forcings during the Holocene provides important context
for the coming centuries. Here, we investigate AMOC trends using an
emerging set of transient simulations using multiple global climate
models for the past 6,000 years. We find no consistent changes in the
overall AMOC strength across the simulations, which conforms with
reconstructions assimilating proxy records. Similarly, the decadal
variability of the AMOC does not change during the mid- and
late-Holocene. There are interesting AMOC changes seen in the early
Holocene, but their nature depends a lot on which inputs are used to
drive the experiment.
Asymmetric dependence in hydrological extremes
Authors: Deidda Cristina , Engelke Sebastian , Michele Carlo De
Published: February 2023

Extremal dependence describes the strength of correlation between the
largest observations of two variables. It is usually measured with
symmetric dependence coefficients that do not depend on the order of the
variables. In many cases, there is a natural asymmetry between extreme
observations that can not be captured by such coefficients. An example
for such asymmetry are large discharges at an upstream and a downstream
stations on a river network: an extreme discharge at the upstream
station will directly influence the discharge at the downstream station,
but not vice versa. Simple measures for asymmetric dependence in extreme
events have not yet been investigated. We propose the asymmetric tail
Kendall’s $\tau$ as a measure for extremal dependence
that is sensitive to asymmetric behaviour in the largest observations.
It essentially computes the classical Kendall’s $\tau$
but conditioned on the extreme observations of one of the two variables.
We show theoretical properties of this new coefficient and derive a
formula to compute it for existing copula models. We further study its
effectiveness and connections to causality in simulation experiments. We
apply our methodology to a case study on river networks in the United
Kingdom to illustrate the importance of measuring asymmetric extremal
dependence in hydrology. Our results show that there is important
structural information in the asymmetry that would have been missed by a
symmetric measure. Our methodology is an easy but effective tool that
can be applied in exploratory analysis for understanding the connections
among variables and to detect possible asymmetric dependencies.
Accelerating large-eddy simulations of clouds with Tensor Processing Units
Authors: Chammas Sheide , Wang Qing , Schneider Tapio , Ihme Matthias , Chen Yi-fan , Anderson John
Published: February 2023

Clouds, especially low clouds, are crucial for regulating Earth’s energy
balance and mediating the response of the climate system to changes in
greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite their importance for climate,
they remain relatively poorly understood and are inaccurately
represented in climate models. A principal reason is that the high
computational expense of simulating them with large-eddy simulations
(LES) has inhibited broad and systematic numerical experimentation and
the generation of large datasets for training parametrization schemes
for climate models. Here we demonstrate LES of low clouds on Tensor
Processing Units (TPUs), application-specific integrated circuits that
were originally developed for machine learning applications. We show
that TPUs in conjunction with tailored software implementations can be
used to simulate computationally challenging stratocumulus clouds in
conditions observed during the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine
Stratocumulus (DYCOMS) field study. The TPU-based LES code successfully
reproduces clouds during DYCOMS and opens up the large computational
resources available on TPUs to cloud simulations. The code enables
unprecedented weak and strong scaling of LES, making it possible, for
example, to simulate stratocumulus with $10\times$
speedup over real-time evolution in domains with a $34.7
\mathrm{km} \times 53.8
\mathrm{km}$ horizontal cross section. The results
open up new avenues for computational experiments and for substantially
enlarging the sample of LES available to train parameterizations of low
clouds.
Characterization of Anthropogenic Light Pollution via Stratospheric Remote Sensing
Authors: Walczak Ken , Tarr Cynthia , Gyuk Geza , Wisbrock Lauren , Amezcua Jose , Cheng Cynthia , Cris Joshua , Jimenez Claudia , Mehta Megan , Mujahid Aisha , Pritchard Liberty , Suquino Kly , Turkic Laris
Published: February 2023

1. Abstract The alteration of the natural nighttime environment due to
artificial light at night (ALAN) can disrupt ecological systems and
affect human health. Inefficiencies in lighting use have downstream
consequences for climate, economies and health. High resolution,
regional-scale data of the nighttime environment is not readily
available yet is necessary to address this issue. Mapping light
emissions from a stratospheric balloon platform provides data of
sufficient quality to further our understanding of the impacts and
possible solutions to this health and environmental stressor. For this
work, we designed and flew instrumentation on latex high altitude
balloons for remote sensing of nighttime lights. We collected tens of
thousands of images across an urban to rural footprint centered on the
city of Indianapolis, Indiana (Fig. 1). Our results indicate land zoned
for commercial use contributes 20.5% of all light emissions while only
comprising 7% of land area. These results also corroborate an earlier
study that road lighting contributes only an estimated 14% of total
emissions, where our study shows a contribution of 24.3%, including
other light sources on the roads. Comparing on-orbit observations from
the VIIRS instrument to those collected with our method (Fig. 2), we can
estimate the quantity of light unaccounted for due to the short (blue)
wavelength insensitivity of the VIIRS sensor. This method can identify
sources of light pollution on a regional scale. Our results indicate
policy addressing commercial lighting may be the most efficient
mitigation strategy in developed areas.
The impact of hereditary thrombophilias in recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Karagur Ege , Alay Mustafa , Demiray Aydin , Karagenc Nedim , Tokgün Onur , Durak Taner , Akca Hakan
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more
consecutive pregnancy loss which occurs before the 20th weeks of pregnancies
for the last menstrual period. Hereditary cause of thrombophilic gene
mutations and polymorphism may play an essential role in RPLs. Material and
Method: 291 women with a history of two or more consecutive abortions as a
study group and 61 women without the history of miscarriages as a control
group were included in a study. In this study we analysed the effects of
Factor II Prothrombin mutation ,FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFT
A1298C, PAI-1, ?-fibrinogen, Factor XIIIA (V34L) and Glycoprotein IIIa
(L33P) polymorphisms on RPL by using pyrosequencing. Chi-square and multiple
regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: FII
prothrombin mutation, FV Leiden mutation, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI1
and Beta fibrinogen were found statistically significant in the chi-square
test. Heterozygous FV G1691A (OR:8.092, CI: 1.280-51.165), homozygous MTHFR
A1298C (OR:17.621, CI: 3.644 - 85.203), Heterozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 2.921
CI: 0.811-10.515), Homozygous MTHFR C677T (OR: 3.619 CI: 1.647-7.954),
heterozygous MTHFR A1298C (OR: 5.989, CI: 2.574-13.934), homozygous PAI1
(OR: 8.756, CI: 2.805 -27.334), heterozygous PAI1 ( OR: 7.114, CI: 3.145-
16.096) homozygous FibrinogenG455A (4.085, CI: 1.438-11.610) were found
statistically significant in logistic regression analysis for RPL(p<0.05).
Discussion: This study indicated that there is a significant association
between thrombophilias and RPL. Therefore, it is important to detect
thrombophilic mutations in RPL.
Bioaccumulation of metals and genotoxic effects in females of Colomesus asellus collected in an Amazon River estuary, Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Finoto Viana Lucilene , Damasceno de Souza Debora Cristina , Batista da Silva Edmilda , Kummrow Fábio , Lima Cardoso Claudia Andrea , de Lima Nathalya Alice , Crispim Bruno do Amaral , Barufatti Alexeia , Florentino Alexandro Cezar
Published: February 2023

Colomesus asellus (Amazonian Puffer) is endemic to the Amazon Basin. It uses channels and streams to reproduce, spawn and feed. In areas close to urban centers, these fish may be exposed to anthropogenic residues containing mixtures of metals that can be bioaccumulated, resulting in genetic alterations. Therefore, we aimed to determine the extent of nuclear alterations in erythrocytes of female C. asellus resulting from the bioaccumulation of metals in tissues and organs. Metal concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Tissue metal concentrations decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cr. In fish tissues/organs, the concentration of metals followed, in decreasing order, liver > skin > gonads > musculature > bones. The most frequent nuclear alterations were nuclear invagination, nuclear budding and lobulated nucleus. Metal concentrations and resultant nuclear alterations observed can damage C. asellus, thus compromising the conservation of this species at the mouth of the Amazon River.
Study the Ground State Perturbed Eigenfunction with Modified Order Parameters of Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Kurmi Rajendra Prasad , Gupta Suresh Prasad , Lamichhane Chitra Prasad , Dhobi Saddam Husain , Oli Dipak , Rijal Om Shree , Sharma Ramkripal , Shah Arun Kumar , Sah Ram Lal
Published: February 2023

Studying the eigen value function of a perturbed hydrogen atom in its ground state with various orders is the goal of this investigation (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th). The new equation is created using the theoretic way to investigate the nature of eigen function. At various perturbed order parameters, it is discovered that the nature rapidly decreases with distance from the Bohr’s radius. Additionally, the nature with perturbed order parameters was discovered to be linear at various separations beyond Bohr’s radius. This demonstrates that while a large amount of energy is needed to perturbed a system close to the Bohr’s radius, very little energy is needed to perturbed a system farther away from the Bohr’s radius.
O ensino de Sociologia no Brasil
Authors: Fiorelli Silva Ileizi Luciana , Pinheiro Cigales Marcelo
Published: February 2023

Entrevista com a professora doutora Ileizi Luciana Fiorelli Silva sobre o ensino de Sociologia.
A organização do novo Enem em 2009
Authors: Fernandes Reynaldo , Weller Wivian , Horta Neto João Luiz
Published: February 2023

Entrevista com o professor doutor em Economia, Reynaldo Fernandes, sobre as mudanças no Enem a partir de 2009.
Quatro décadas de políticas de educação básica e sua relação com a pobreza e a desigualdade social
Authors: Cristina Yannoulas Silvia , Garcia Adir Garcia
Published: February 2023

Pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre a relação entre as políticas de educação básica e a situação de pobreza e desigualdades sociais, apresentando dados dos períodos de 1980-2000 e 2001-2018, que são cotejados com as políticas para a educação básica, dando ênfase aos Planos Nacionais de Educação de 2001-2011 e 2014-2024. Explicita-se a articulação intersetorial entre políticas educacionais e de assistência social induzida pelo Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). Conclui-se que, na transição democrática, predominaram orientações gerais acompanhadas de soluções pontuais e ações esparsas para as consideradas minorias. Com a implementação do PBF, e dos programas/ações dele decorrentes, os estudantes empobrecidos tornaram-se visíveis para gestores e educadores, e estes assumem que a instituição escolar e a política de educação básica também são parte do problema. Os documentos normativos e os programas/ações estudados não tratam a pobreza e as desigualdades sociais como fenômenos inerentes à estrutura da ordem social do capital, portanto, insuperáveis nessa ordem; mas colocam a educação como saída para erradicar a pobreza.
Tecnologias e educações: um caminho em aberto
Authors: De Luca Pretto Nelson , Silveira Bonilla Maria Helena
Published: February 2023

A tecnologia educacional surge como estratégia da pedagogia tecnicista, com ênfase nos meios e não nos processos, pouco contribuindo para repensar princípios, metodologias e finalidades da educação. A década de 1980 marca a inserção de computadores nos processos educacionais e a internet tem início como projeto acadêmico. O Comitê Gestor da Internet (CGI) foi criado em 1995 e ela passa a ser implementada como política de Estado, envolvendo instituições federais de ensino superior. A rede abre-se para a sociedade e a cultura digital se alastra, com implicações na educação. Mídia-educação, educomunicação e educação a distância (EaD) derivam dos efeitos da comunicação de massa sobre a população e, desde a década de 1960, foram usadas na educação popular. Com a chegada da internet, as mídias digitais interativas se desenvolvem e os sujeitos passam a se relacionar, produzir e consumir em rede. A pandemia da Covid-19 evidenciou a precariedade das políticas públicas de inserção das tecnologias digitais na educação, pois o ensino remoto emergencial demandou intenso uso de conexão à internet de qualidade, que não é acessível para a maioria da população.
中國戲曲研究在日本
Authors: 田仲 一成
Published: February 2023

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

日本學術界研究中國戲曲，已經有一百年的歷史，其間有很多學派的消長。今天我要作簡單的介紹。(撮要取自內文首段)