bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Il Senatore Camillo Golgi
Authors: H. C. M.
Published: August 2008

Camillo Golgi was born of humble parentage at Corteno (Valcamonica) on July 9, 1843, and died at Pavia on January 21, 1926. At 22 years of age he completed his medical studies in the University of Pavia, and subsequently acted as Assistant in various cliniques of the Faculty of Medicine there. He was most assiduous in his attendance at the Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, at that time under the direction of Bizzozero, the discoverer of the blood-plates. He had, for financial reasons, to leave Pavia for a time and take charge of a hospital for chronic patients, but he allowed no difficulties to discourage him, and, even in apparently uncongenial surroundings, carried on his researches. In 1873 he discovered the famous Black Reaction, which, in the practice of histology, has since borne the name of the “reaction of Golgi.”
The Ætiology, Psycho-Pathology, and Treatment of Mental Exhaustion and Paranoid States
Authors: Thompson Robert
Published: August 2008

The teaching that the brain is the organ of the mind is not often referred to by psychiatrists, no doubt because of the relatively barren results which followed attempts to link up psycho-pathological theories with neurological facts. It is, however, I think, essential that we should keep this fundamental doctrine in the forefront of our minds, and that we should remember that some day an anatomical or a pathological verification may be required for our psychological or psycho-pathological theories.
Observations on the Prison Psychoses
Authors: Young H. T. P.
Published: August 2008

From time to time in convict prisons examples are seen of certain morbid mental states which are described as distinct disease forms under the name of “prison psychoses.” These states may be defined as special types of mental reactions developing upon conflicts which arise as the result of imprisonment, and possibly from the shock attending the criminal act, trial and conviction. They have been the subject of much inquiry, but, on account of the variation in the material which was available and in the conditions under which the studies were pursued, some confusion of thought appears to exist as to what may or may not be regarded as belonging to this class of disorder, and whether, in fact, the classification is not redundant. The sole justification for the use of the term “true prison psychosis” lies in the ability to establish the disorder as a separate entity, lest the name should be applied to conditions which are adequately described under other titles, as has been the case with shell-shock and “barbed-wire” disease.
Prognosis in Schizophrenia
Authors: Strecker Edward A. , Willey Gordon F.
Published: August 2008

Prognosis in psychiatry, and particularly in schizophrenia, is in a somewhat chaotic condition. The dearth of literature concerning prognostic landmarks is convincing evidence as to the truth of this assertion. For many years an unadulterated pessimistic outlook was almost a psychiatric boast. While such an attitude is no longer general, there still tends to be a more or less rigid dependence of prognosis upon diagnosis. Sometimes, and perhaps often, this dependence is so slavish that in a given case a favourable result is interpreted as a sure signal for diagnostic revision.
Recent Investigations on Visual Imagery, with Special Reference to Hallucinations
Authors: Pear T. H.
Published: August 2008

It is difficult to give this lecture as a whole, for it is in two halves, the first dealing with normal experimental psychology, the second with psycho-pathology. I have seen few writings which bridge the gap between these two aspects of imagery. It is because this gulf may be spanned in the future that I chose visual imagery as a subject related to the interests of this Association.
The Provisional Treatment Order of the Royal Commission
Authors: Robertson George M.
Published: August 2008

The Lunacy Acts of England and of Scotland are in urgent need of amendment. The parent Act for Scotland dates back to 1857, since when great changes affecting its serviceableness have taken place in the social life of the country as well as in the scientific world. It, however, definitely recognizes the paramount position of the medical profession in the treatment of mental diseases, for under its provisions no layman or magistrate is called upon to interview the patient before he is placed in a mental hospital, and no layman or visiting committee is held to be responsible for his removal when recovered. Medical men discharge these and all similar duties, and to this feature must be ascribed the success of the Scottish system. It has gained the confidence of the people' and in place of misgivings and suspicion, there is pride in our mental hospitals and in their management. No case of improper detention has ever been recorded in the law courts. The Act of 1857 has served its day and generation well, and its principles of medical responsibility and of reliance on the honour of the Medical profession are established in Scotland.
Investigation of the Permeability of the Brain Membranes in Cases of Mental Disorder
Authors: Strecker Herbert A.
Published: August 2008

The structures which separate the blood from the cerebro-spinal fluid are of considerable importance in the physiology and patho logy of the brain, since they form a barrier which allows only certain substances to diffuse from the blood into the cerebro-spinal fluid. It has been found that the acute phases of certain mental and nervous diseases are associated with an alteration of the permeability of the brain membranes which form this barrier. Only recently, however, has there been any quantitative investigation of the relative dis tribution of substances in the blood and cerebro-spinal fluid; by means of this quantitative ratio the degree of deviation from the normal in various conditions of disease can be readily determined.
Surgical Emergencies in Psychiatry
Authors: James G. W. B.
Published: August 2008

I must crave your indulgence for this ambitious title to a very short communication. My aim is to stimulate a discussion and to probe the experiences of others.
Cardiac Infarction
Authors: Davidson T. Wishart
Published: August 2008

Cardiac infarction follows disease or occlusion of the coronary arteries. In 90% of cases it is due to atheroma with final occlusion by thrombosis; embolism accounts for the remainder. The records of the last one hundred post-mortem examinations on patients over forty-five years of age at the City Mental Hospital, Leicester, indicate that marked coronary sclerosis or atheroma with more or less occlusion occurred in 23 cases—II males and 12 females. In 5 the occlusion was almost complete, with fibroid degeneration of the myocardium, whilst in 2 cases, those to be described, occlusion was complete and followed by infarction.
Some Points in the Histology of the Globus Pallidus
Authors: White E. Barton
Published: August 2008

There are many references in neurological literature to pathological changes in the globus pallidus in diseases accompanied by muscular tremor and rigidity, such as paralysis agitans and post encephalitic Parkinsonianism.
Volvulus
Authors: Logan Fred C. , Sang Janet A. A.
Published: August 2008

Volvulus is not a very common condition. In large general hospitals the incidence is about one case or two cases a year. It has occurred here at Prestwich eleven times from 1923 to 1927, and comparing the huge population served by a general hospital with the number resident in a mental hospital the frequency of the condition is out of all proportion. This fact is the reason for the present paper, giving some account of the condition and stating the factors that were present in the cases. Whether certain types of mental cases are liable to develop this pathological state is a matter which will be discussed, and about which the experience of others will be welcome.
The Correlation of Clinical and Pathological Findings in Two Cases of Parkinsonianism
Authors: Pool A. , Watson G. A.
Published: August 2008

We are all familar with the clinical picture of a case of epidemic encephalitis of the Parkinsonian type: the fixed flexion attitude, festinating gait, mask-like face and general slowing of all voluntary movement. What is the explanatory pathology of each and all of these physical signs ?
Part III. The Respiratory Regulation in Psychotic Subjects
Authors: Golla F. , Mann S. A. , Golla F. , Marsh R. G. B.
Published: August 2008

The preceding studies on the acid-base equilibrium in psychotics have made it evident that the failure to adjust must be attributed in the first instance to an inadequacy of the respiratory compensatory mechanism, and can be in no sense attributable to either a deficiency in the buffering power of the blood itself or to an increased organic acid production (acidosis). We have endeavoured to determine the excitability of the respiratory centre to the stimulus created by CO2. For this purpose a number of psychotic patients were tested as to the excitability of the respiratory centre to air containing 2% CO2and the reaction compared with that obtaining in a number of normal subjects.
On the Methods in Vogue at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital
Authors: Skottowe Ian
Published: August 2008

The scope of this contribution is to give an account of the administrative and clinical methods at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital, to give a picture of the clinical material, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the system.
Neurotic Superstructures in Psychoses
Authors: Suttie Ian D.
Published: August 2008

Experience of neurotic patients seeking treatment convinces me that paranoia is by no means so rare a disease as asylum statistics would lead one to suppose. For the purposes of the latter, of course, only fully developed and alienated cases are taken into account. Of the four cases to be discussed here, only one has said or done anything that could be recorded in a certificate, and the delusional picture was only unfolded at the patient's goodwill. None of these cases therefore would figure in statistics, yet all four are drawn in a short space of time from a limited section of the community. Paranoid trends, episodes or systems are, I believe, quite common in intelligent, cultured and well-developed minds, and account for a substantial amount of insufficiency and unhappiness. Apart, therefore, from the question of the treatment of the delusional asylum patient, the projected mental clinics will find themselves faced with a formidable problem in regard to the treatment of paranoid conditions. It is from the incipient and partial cases of paranoia that we can gain an insight into the factors which arrest or promote the disease. Only in the most exceptional cases does the fully developed paranoiac admit us within the circle of his fortifications.
A Description of the Steps Taken in a Mental Hospital to Prevent the Spread of Dysentery and Allied Infectious Diseases
Authors: McGrath M. J.
Published: August 2008

Wakefield Mental Hospital was opened in the year 1818. Within a few days there appear in the case-books notes describing patients suffering from diarrhœa with blood and mucus. During the years 1818 to 1910 these or similar notes appear with such monotonous regularity that it would lead an outsider to believe that dysentery and its allied diseases were natural or at least unpreventable in asylums.
Some Remarks on the Certification of the Mental Defective
Authors: Middlemiss J. E.
Published: August 2008

Some few years ago, when the Annual Meeting of this Association was held at York, I had the temerity to inflict upon it a paper dealing with the subject of mental defect. Whether one derives a certain subconscious sense of security in speaking on one's native heath I hardly dare speculate. Whether, on the other hand, the circumstance of propinquity, as it were, to one's roof-tree stirs and stimulates that spark of local patriotism which lies latent in the humblest I leave to the conjecture of those of my hearers who may be psycho-analytically minded and sufficiently interested.
Jerome Cardan: A Study in Personality
Authors: Auden G. A.
Published: August 2008

” Jeronimus Cardanus, that famous Physician of Milan, a great enquirer of Truth, but too greedy a Receiver of it. He left many excellent discourses, Medical, Natural and Astrological; the most suspicious are those two he wrote by admonition in a dream, that is De Subtilitate and Varietate Rerum. Assuredly this learned man hath taken many things upon trust, and although he examined some hath let slip many others. He is of singular use unto a prudent Reader.”—Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, Bk. i, Chap. viii, 13.
Old and New Methods of Treatment in General Paralysis: A Comparison of Results
Authors: Shand G. E.
Published: August 2008

During the five years prior to the war I carried out a series of investigations on the treatment of general paralysis. The proportion of general paralytics resident at this hospital was then very high—some 40 out of our usual 350 males. The only treatment given by us up to that time had been mercury and potassium iodide.
Smerdyakov: A Review of an Amoral Epileptic
Authors: Atkin I.
Published: August 2008

In the domain of literature there is no author who has probed so deeply into the human soul as Dostoevsky. Possessed of great powers of introspection, and having experienced a most varied career, he was well fitted for the task of analysing the human mind and its motives. His intimate contact with criminals of all kinds during his exile in Siberia, together with the fact that he himself suffered from epilepsy, made him especially qualified to describe subnormal, criminal and epileptic types. Such a type is portrayed in his masterpiece, The Brothers Karamazov, in the character of Smerdyakov; and as an example of amorality, this character is well worth study.
On the Excitation Processes of the Conscious and Subconscious Mind
Authors: Burridge W.
Published: August 2008

Studies of the mind of man and of the heart of the frog, though normally deeply divided, can be bridged when two postulates are granted. The first postulate is that the quality of excitability, on which nerve-cell activity is based, can be studied in any other excitable tissue; the second is that mental activity, as we know it, depends on the presence of excitable nerve-cells in the brain. The postulates being granted, it becomes legitimate to apply the results of experiments on excitability performed with the frog's heart in explanation of the mode of working of the brain and mind.
A Re-Adjustive Process in Neurotic Reaction-Types
Authors: Harrowes W. McC.
Published: August 2008

The points raised here have been brought up by the occurrence, side by side, of a number of cases showing the same peculiar factors in ætiology and course. The existence of such cases has been for long well recognized, but the clear-cut nature of the whole process has in those here mentioned been so marked that they have been selected to illustrate the operation of a mechanism shown in a lesser degree in very many of our hospital cases, and too often lost sight of.
“Nerves” and City Civilization
Authors: Gibbs Philip
Published: August 2008

Some of you may be wondering why a man who writes novels should be asked to make a speech on behalf of the Tavistock Square Clinic, and I must admit that I have been cudgelling my brains to find a satisfactory answer. The reason, however, is now clear to me. This Clinic, as you know, deals with functional nervous disorders. That also seems to be the province of the modern novelist, judging from the character of our library fiction. Some of these Constant Nymphs, these Lily Christines, the heroes and heroines of our Flaming Youth and Young Anarchy, are in urgent need of treatment by Dr. Crichton Miller and his colleagues. Readers of Mr. Michael Arlen and Mr. Aldous Huxley must imagine that passion of the most disordered kind is running riot in society and the suburbs, and that morals have been abandoned from Mayfair to Mitcham.
An Account of the Report of the Joint Mental Deficiency Committee of the Board of Education and Board of Control, 1929
Authors: Tredgold A. F.
Published: August 2008

At the outset it is necessary to point out that although this Report is the result of deliberations extending over a period of four years, it does not profess to deal in an exhaustive manner with every aspect of mental deficiency. The main purpose of the Committee was to consider the problem from the administrative point of view and, whilst many other matters have been dealt with, the subject of mental deficiency is so large that these have necessarily only received somewhat brief mention. At the same time the Report extends over a considerable field, and there is little doubt that it will be regarded as an important contribution to the subject and one deserving of the careful attention of all who are in any way concerned with this class of persons. It is obviously impossible for me to discuss, or even refer to, all the matters which have been dealt with in the four parts of this Report; I shall accordingly confine my remarks to the more salient features.
A Modern Approach to the Problem of the Admission of Mental Patients to In-Patient Treatment
Authors: Lord J. R.
Published: August 2008

Although my object is to initiate a discussion on this subject free from the trammels of the past, I must, I fear, for a brief time deal with it historically.
On the Excitation Processes of Love, Fanaticism, etc
Authors: Burridge W.
Published: August 2008

In the present communication I propose to consider the nature of the excitation processes mediating the thoughts of people, met with in all walks of life, who are distinguished from others by their enthusiasm for certain things, or ideas. For example, the person in love is distinguished from others by his, or her, enthusiasm for a particular individual of the opposite sex. The process of developing that enthusiasm, or of falling in love, I take to be a perfectly natural process to which everyone is susceptible, but, love being blind, it becomes of interest to consider how that blindness is brought about.
The Para-Catarrhal Syndrome
Authors: Graves T. C.
Published: August 2008

It is exactly forty years ago since Dr. Guye, of Amsterdam, drew the attention of the Section of Otology, at the annual meeting of the British Medical Association held in Leeds in 1889, to the presence of certain mental disabilities, designated aprosexia, which may appear, both after as well as before puberty, in the subjects of chronic nasal disease. I submit that mental symptoms additional to those described by Guye are due to diseased conditions of the nose which produce a persistent catarrh.
On Memory
Authors: Burridge W.
Published: August 2008

In previous communications I have shown that the excitation processes mediating mind are essentially due to an interaction between Ca salts and colloids; also that behind a response or thought of a particular size there can lie an infinite series of excitation processes differing in the proportions of the two interacting factors. This composition next determines the type, or quality, of thought.
Pineal Cysts: With Report of Two Cases
Authors: Handley Richard
Published: August 2008

This paper attempts to show how cysts of the pineal body may attain clinical importance, and it consists of what I believe to be descriptive facts rather than conclusions drawn from them or theoretical arguments about such findings.
Psycho-Pathology and the Herd-Instinct
Authors: Nicole J. Ernest
Published: August 2008

Without psychology there can be no psycho-pathology; and any advance that psycho-pathology may have made from time to time has in no small measure depended on corresponding progress previously achieved in the realm of psychology. The reason why psycho-pathology made little headway until comparatively recently may be found in the unfruitfulness—from a medical point of view—of classical psychology.
Thomas Outterson Wood, M.D.Durh., M.R.C.P.Lond., F.R.C.P.E., F.R.C.S.E.
Authors: White Ernest W.
Published: August 2008

As his oldest surviving friend, and one of 52 years standing, it devolves upon me to write the obituary for the Journal of Mental Science of Dr. T. Outterson Wood, President of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association, 1905–6, who died on July 19 last at his residence, Lodore, Chelston, Torquay, in his 88th year.
The Significance of Cholesterol in Cellular Oxidation and Its Bearing On Mental Disorder
Authors: Shaw B. H. , Sharpe J. S.
Published: August 2008

Sterols, such as cholesterol, phytosterol, etc., are present in all animal and vegetable tissues, and play a most importantrôlein physiological and pathological processes. For example, it is well known that cholesterol has a powerful influence in aiding complement fixation in sero-diagnosis—it checks the action of lipolytic enzymes and inhibits the hæmolytic action of saponins and cobra venom on erythrocytes. It is an important factor in giving cells their power of holding large quantities of water without losing their peculiar semi-fluid characters and without dissolving. Citron (1) states that 1 c.c. of an emulsion of central nervous system neutralizes three times the fatal dose for mice of botulism toxin and that lecithin and cholesterol act similarly.
Observations On Some Of The Disturbances Referable to the Principal Sensory Fields in Cases of Oro-Naso-Pharyngeal Sepsis with Mental Disorder
Authors: Graves T. C.
Published: August 2008

In a very large number of cases of non-syphilitic mental disorder examination of the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts has shown the presence of diseased conditions of septic origin affecting the teeth and their sockets, the gums, the tonsils and the mucosæ of the mouth, pharynx, nasal passages, nasal sinuses and ears, including the diverticula contained in the mastoid.
Investigations Into the Prolonged Treatment of General Paralysis with Tryparsamide
Authors: Tennent Thomas
Published: August 2008

The cases of general paralysis here submitted, fifty in number, have all been treated by tryparsamide either alone or combined with a non-specific form of treatment. Some of them have been undergoing treatment since 1923, and consequently the method adopted has varied as the result of observation and experimentation. All of them have been under observation for at least two years.
Anti-Malarial Work At the Central Mental Hospital, Tanjong Rambutan, Malaya
Authors: Samuels W. F.
Published: August 2008

The subject of anti-malarial work in the tropics is one of paramount importance, but I am somewhat diffident in bringing such a subject before the Royal Medico-Psychological Association. However, if not of value, the paper may be of interest.

In dealing with anti-malarial work one can more or less confine one's attention to the anopheline mosquito. It is, however, advisable to deal with other varieties as well, since, though they do not carry malaria, they carry other diseases, for instance Culex fatigans carries filaria, and Stegomyia carries yellow fever. Fortunately, there is very little filaria in Malaya, and no yellow fever; but it has been found that Stegomyia fasciata carries dengue. Also with the opening up of fast new air routes, one has no guarantee that yellow fever will not be introduced into the country, and, seeing the large number of stegomyia there is in Malaya, the result would be disastrous.
The Development of the Cortex and the Functions of its Layers
Authors: Kappers C. U. Ariëns
Published: August 2008

The functions of the different layers of the neocortex are a matter of great importance to the neurologist.

The character of the neocortex and the significance of its different layers are, however, most easily understood when compared with the older forms of cortex, the primary olfactory cortex, which I have called palœocortex, and the secondary olfactory cortex or archicortex.
Experimental Treatments of Schizophrenia
Authors: Rudolf G. de M.
Published: August 2008

In a recent publication entitledSchizophrenia(1928), issued by the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, there are articles by thirty-one authors. The symposium contains 460 pages, of which only 18 are devoted to treatment. Does the ratio of 18 to 460 represent the relative interest existing in the treatment as compared with other aspects of the disease?
Sulfosin Therapy in Schizophrenia
Authors: Minski Louis
Published: August 2008

Sulfosin was first introduced by Schroeder (1) in the treatment of general paralysis and other syphilitic infections of the nervous system, and later its use was extended to the treatment of schizophrenia. He stated that the results were encouraging, and that this method of treatment was worthy of an extended trial. Loberg (2) treated 100 schizophrenic patients with sulfosin, and of these 49 had remissions in varying degrees. In a later report (3) he stated he had treated 135 patients, of whom 62 improved but only 12 had permanent remissions. Marcuse and Kallmann (4) treated 46 patients, 16 of whom were improved; Salinger (5) treated 16 patients, of whom 2 had remissions and 14 were unchanged.
The Pre-Psychotic Schizoid: A Character Study
Authors: Coleman Stanley M.
Published: August 2008

This paper is an attempt to study the family and personal history of a schizoid individual, J. M—, who developed schizophrenia (dementia paranoides) at the age of 22.
Somatic Changes in the Psychoses
Authors: Northcote Muriel L. M.
Published: August 2008

The literature on the subject of biochemical research in the psychoses is a vast one, and most of the problems met with in the study of mental diseases are still to be solved. It is evident, however, that these problems must be tackled from the physiogenic as well as from the psychogenic point of view; and it was with the object of examining the patient as thoroughly as possible from the physical standpoint that these investigations were carried out.
A Parallel Study of the Psycho-Galvanic Reflex and the Hyperglyceæmic index in Psychotics
Authors: Lockwood Madeline R.
Published: August 2008

McCowan and Quastel (5) have shown, in recent work carried out in this hospital, that a close relationship exists between variations in the affective state of psychotic subjects and abnormalities in the glucose tolerance curves. So marked is the parallelism between these two that it has been found possible to make use of an index, known as the hyperglycæmic index (H.I.), which furnishes a valuable guide to the degree of emotional tension experienced by the subject. The method of determining the index is fully described in their paper; but it may be briefly stated that it is zero when the glucose tolerance curve is normal, and varies up to 100, depending upon the degree of sustained hyperglycæmia present. The affectivity of the patient was determined clinically, and, in order to test the validity of their thesis that the emotional tension and H.I. varied pari passu, it was considered that objective evidence of the patient's affectivity would be of value.
The Alienist Department of India
Authors: Shaw W. S. Jagoe
Published: August 2008

In view of the present situation in India, it seems advisable to place on record a short general review of the position of psychiatry there, and of the difficulties that have delayed improvement during the twenty years of my own experience. Having joined the Department in 1906, and having served in it since then, as Medical Superintendent, in succession, of the Punjab Asylum, Lahore, the Burma Asylum, Rangoon, and the Central Hospital for Mental Diseases, Yeravda, Poona (the last since 1912), I feel qualified to criticize it now. From 1912 until my retirement in 1926 I was the Senior Officer of the Department. By the term “Alienist Department of India” I refer to the system of asylums and mental hospitals “established” or “licensed” by the Provincial Governments for the treatment of mental disorders under the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912, and to the small group of specialists who have managed them, both before and since the coming of that Act into force. Only those institutions “established” by Government need be considered, because, as far as I am aware, no private “licensed” hospitals exist. This fact alone indicates the degree of interest that the more educated Indians take in the treatment of mental disease. The Parsis, however, have, in my experience, done a good deal to ameliorate the condition of the insane in Bombay, but this race is a small one, numbering only some 101,000.
2. The Diagnosis of Focal Sepsis of the Nose, Throat and Ear
Authors: Watson-Williams Patrick
Published: August 2008

The mouth and throat being normally and inevitably septic regions, it is useless to regard the mere presence of septic organisms and saprophytes as indicative of disease, though the finding of certain abnormal pathogenic organisms in smears and cultures, such as the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, cannot be disregarded.
The Place of Psychiatry in Medical Education
Authors: Noble Ralph A.
Published: August 2008

In discussing this subject, “The Place of Psychiatry in Medical Education,” one needs to consider various aspects of a wide field. First there is the education of the student in the medical school in both the pre-clinical and clinical years. Next we have to deal with post-graduate education, including the value of the mental hospitals, the psychiatric clinics, and the general hospitals, etc., in this regard. Then we have to consider the education that leads to research in our field—such research, for instance, as the relation ship of the endocrine glands to the nervous system, the field of bio-chemistry, the matter of heredity and of eugenics. There is also the subject of “menta hlygiene” —a that is rather loosely applied, but should include the educational aspect of psychiatry. Lastly, there is the preventive aspect of the subject.
General Paralysis: Results of Eight Years of Malarial Therapy
Authors: Reid B.
Published: August 2008

In the course of this article it is intended to study carefully the after-history of patients treated by malarial inoculation for general paralysis since the introduction of this method of treatment into this country at Whittingham County Mental Hospital in July, 1922.
Nembutal in Mental Hospital Practice
Authors: MacMillan Duncan
Published: August 2008

Nembutal (sodium ethyl [1-methyl-butyl] barbiturate) has recently come into use in general hospitals in this country as a preliminary to and partial substitute for general anæsthesia.
A Note on the Relationship Between the Blood Cholesterol and Hyperglycæmic Index in Manic-Depressive Psychosis
Authors: Lockwood Madeline R.
Published: August 2008

A Sustained hyperglycæmia and quantitative changes in the blood cholesterol are common findings in the manic-depressive psychosis, and, since both may be dependent upon a faulty endocrine balance, parallel observations of the hyperglycæmic index and blood cholesterol have been made in 24 cases in order to determine whether any relationship exists between the two values.
Studies in Experimental Psychiatry: III.—p-Score and Inhibition for High-p Præcox Cases
Authors: Stephenson Wm.
Published: August 2008

In the previous contribution to this series of studies∗ we reported the scores obtained by women patients in a mental hospital when submitted to certain p-tests. Facts emerged of the kind that, relative to the scores obtained by normal non-psychotic women, maniacs obtained low p-scores, melancholic and depressive and dementing psychotics high p-scores, and that certain præcox patients obtained extremely high-p scores indeed.
A Study of the Sexual Life in Psychoses Associated with Childbirth
Authors: Anderson E. W.
Published: August 2008

It is now universally recognized that there is nothing specific in the form of psychoses associated with childbearing. There is, however, still a tendency to attribute to the puerperium itself or to pregnancy or lactation a significance quite out of proportion to that of other precipitating factors; thus such terms as “puerperal depression”, or “puerperal schizophrenia” are still in use, as if the precipitating factor were something special as opposed to the innumerable other causes assigned to the appearance of an attack of mental disorder. Nor is this surprising when one reflects on the enormous significance of the sexual life. One is quite willing ona priorigrounds to grant to the puerperium this all-important rôle.
Jung's Theory of Psychological Types: A Critical Estimate
Authors: Davie T. M.
Published: August 2008

It is many years now since Jung first drew attention to what he believed to be of far-reaching significance in the psychological understanding of human personality: the presence of two great psychological divisions of mankind, the outwardly directed or “extraverts”, whose interests and activities turn mainly towards the outer world and whose lives correspond directly with objective conditions, and the inwardly directed or “introverts”, who are influenced more by subjective factors, and whose attitude to the outer world is an abstracting and depreciatory one.
The Thyroid Gland in Mental Deficiency: A Histological Study
Authors: Newman J. L.
Published: August 2008

The thyroid gland has a profound influence on the mind, both in its emotional and its intellectual aspects. The emotional features of hyperthyroidism are too well recognized to need stressing. So, too, is the association between gross diminution of thyroid function and the mental incapacity of cretinism. It was suspected, therefore, that even in those types of mental deficiency in which diminution of thyroid function was not recognizable clinically, it might be possible to detect some evidence of abnormality in the thyroid gland by histological study. Further justification for presupposing the possibility of thyroid derangement may be found in the fact that in many conditions an association between the thyroid and thymus has been established, and that in mental deficiency the thymus undergoes premature atrophy.
Community Control of Mental Deficiency in the United States
Authors: Doll Edgar A.
Published: August 2008

I have the honour to present to this Association the compliments and good wishes on the American Association on Mental Deficiency, formerly the American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded. Permit me also to express the admiration of students in the field of mental deficiency in the United States for the long record of excellent work on this problem in England. We have appropriated much of your information; and your conclusions have strongly influenced our professional points of view. I wish also to express my personal appreciation for the privilege and honour of addressing this Association, and to acknowledge the courtesy of your President, Dr. Turner, for his kind invitation to attend this meeting. My presence here is the fulfilment of a long-standing desire to be more immediately familiar with your work on mental deficiency and allied problems. It is a distinct personal and professional satisfaction to meet your leaders in this field, and to observe your achievements at first hand.
Juvenile Types of General Paralysis
Authors: Stewart R. M.
Published: August 2008

In contrast with the vast literature devoted to the adult type, reports on the form of general paralysis which occurs in childhood or adolescence have been few and far between, and in this country the papers of Mott (I) and Watson (2) form the chief source of our knowledge of its clinical and pathological features.
The Ketogenic Diet in Epilepsy
Authors: Allan S. M.
Published: August 2008

In recent years new avenues of approach to the treatment of epilepsy have been opened up, investigation and experiment have been stimulated, and, especially in young patients, definite hopes of cure have been held out. Experiments in metabolism have shown that a condition of acidosis is antagonistic to epileptic seizures. The ketogenic diet is one designed to produce acidosis artificially, this being achieved by reducing the carbohydrates and greatly increasing the fats.
The Revision of the Classification of Mental Disorders
Authors: Fleming G. W. T. H.
Published: August 2008

In the Journal for April, 1932, there was published the “Final Revision of the Classification of Mental Disorders drawn up after two and a half years' consideration and discussion by the Clinical Psychiatry Sub-Committee.
Occupation Therapy and “Active” Therapy
Authors: A. W.
Published: August 2008

During the past year interest in occupation therapy has been greatly stimulated by the visits, organized by the Study-Tours Sub-Committee, to Gütersloh, where the system associated with the name of Dr. Simon and often spoken of as “active therapy” originated, and to Santpoort, where this system has been most thoroughly applied outside Germany. Following these comes the Board of Control's Memorandum,∗ reviewing the present position, and making definite recommendations for the initiation and development of occupation therapy on similar lines.
On the Pathological Anatomy of the Brain in Insanity
Authors: Addison Adam
Published: August 2008

The great progress which medicine in general has made during recent years, must in considerable part be ascribed to the anatomical direction it has assumed. The study of pathological anatomy has entirely changed the character of medical science, which, instead of a chaotic medly of unfounded theories and ingenious hypotheses, the fruits of speculation, is now a philosophic system resting on a firm foundation of facts with mutual and definite relations. To such an extent has the pathological investigation of disease been carried, that, in the ordinary maladies which attack the body, the instances are now exceptional where we cannot demonstrate certain gross, palpable changes of structure having an invariable causal connection with functional disturbance. By bringing diagnostics to our aid, we can also in many cases predict with confidence and precision the nature and extent of the lesion which will be found after death. But the triumph does not cease here. In conjunction with chemistry and the microscope, pathological anatomy has passed from the gross alterations of organs, and succeeded in elucidating the processes and changes which take place in their ultimate elements; and Virchow, bringing to the subject all the zeal and instinct of genius, has given us an insight into the arcana of cell-life, and laid down the comprehensive generalisation as the basis of a new pathology, that the cell is the ultimate agent by which, both in health and disease, structural and functional alterations are effected. All the practical departments of the healing art have participated more or less in this progress. Medicine proper, or that branch which restricts itself to the study of internal diseases, has separated itself more and more from dynamics, and found a natural explanation of its symptomatology in anterior changes of structure; while surgery and mid-wifery, with their outbranching specialities, are daily becoming more anatomical in character.
Group of seven Idiots, brothers and sisters, from a Photograph
Authors: Browne F. W. A.
Published: August 2008

In passing through an asylum I saw five odd and apparently aged men, seated together around a table and apart from the other patients. They smiled; spoke a few words; gabbled or jargonised. My companion said, “They like to dine together.” On complimenting him for his attention to their wishes, he answered, “Oh, they are all brothers.” On going to the department for females, I observed two quiet, elderly women, indulged in the same way. “These,” said my guide, “are sisters, and sisters of the five brothers. They were the children of poor but industrious and self-supporting parents, who were somewhat eccentric, and believed to be cousins, or related. They are all, in different degrees, imbecile, ineducable, irresponsible, and incapable of guiding or maintaining themselves. They had, besides, a brother who disappeared, and was supposed to have been drowned in a quarry; another imbecile sister still alive; and two brothers and one sister, who were healthy.”
Melancholia: A Historical Review
Authors: Lewis Aubrey J.
Published: August 2008

Melancholia is one of the great words of psychiatry. Suffering many mutations, at one time the tenacious guardian of outworn schemes or errant theories; presently misused, cavilled at, dispossessed, it has endured into our own times, a part of medical terminology no less than of common speech. It would seem profitable to consider the history of this word, and of the states of fear and distress with which it has from the beginning been associated.
Some Observations on Lipoid Metabolism in Mental Disorders
Authors: Sharpe J. S.
Published: August 2008

The investigations herein set forth have been chiefly confined to the mobile tissue of the body, the blood. It is manifest that in abnormal biochemical changes affecting the organism in whole or part, this medium will be the locus, where such changes might reasonably present themselves and be detected by the means at our command. The substances therefore with which I shall be dealing are all normally present in the blood to a greater or less degree, but show marked variations under the stress of a mental breakdown. In particular I shall concentrate on lecithin, one of the phospholipins, cholesterol, belonging to the sterol group, and choline, which is classed with the animal bases.
Melancholia: a Clinical Survey of Depressive States
Authors: Lewis Aubrey J.
Published: August 2008

The following examination of the clinical features of depressive states is based on the detailed study of 61 cases examined and treated by the writer at the Maudsley Hospital, London.
Mental Deficiency Practice at Caterham Mental Hospital.∗
Authors: Lindsay Thomas
Published: August 2008

Caterham Mental Hospital accommodates upwards of 2,000 patients, the great majority of whom are defectives. The medical staff numbers 7, and all other staff about 500. The patients are of all ages, and are described as “unimprovable adults” and “children of school age”. The type of patient has altered very little in the past five years, but a hostel has been added which accommodates 34 high-grade boys. These are selected from the other institutions of the London County Council, and, as a certain number prove unsuitable and do not wish to return to the institutions they came from, a number of higher grade patients have accumulated in the main institution. There are also, on the female side, laundry workers of high grade who have been sent for that specific work.
Observations on the use of Pyrifer
Authors: Howie J. Erskine
Published: August 2008

The use of inoculation malaria as a method of pyretotherapy still involves a relatively high figure of mortality and has other drawbacks. For example, there are the difficulties in propagating the culture, the loss of time entailed by the periods of incubation and removal of the fever, the uncertainty whether the inoculation will be successful, and the impossibility of a simultaneous administration of arsenical preparations; further, the fact that the treatment cannot be repeated satisfactorily, together with the occurrence of splenic and hepatic complications. A method of inducing pyrexia that promises freedom from these, at times, irksome conditions is therefore worthy of trial.
Cerebral Tuberculoma of Unusual Distribution
Authors: McCartan William , Meyer Alfred
Published: August 2008

The following case appears to be sufficiently uncommon to warrant a detailed description.
Further Studies in the Respiration of Psychotic Patients
Authors: Wittkower Erich
Published: August 2008

Within the past few years a series of papers emanating from this laboratory has dealt with the respiration of normal subjects and psychotic patients from psychological and physiological points of view. Linking up the chain of these investigations, we have tried in this study to get some information about the respiratory type and the ventilation in different groups of mental patients, especially of schizophrenics.
Anxiety: Its Nature and Treatment
Authors: Harris Henry
Published: August 2008

If anxiety be regarded as it is in this paper, as an energic problem, then the treatment of psychoneurotic, and to some extent of psychotic reactions, can be summarized under the following four headings:
Studies in Experimental Psychiatry. V: “W” and “F” Factors in Relation to Traits of Personality
Authors: Studman L. Grace
Published: August 2008

Miss Simmins and Dr. Stephenson in their recent articles in this Journal have given some account of the “g” and “p” factors of the Spearman school, studied in relation to psychiatry. The part of the present writer in the research was to find some means of assessing factors in the field of conation and volition. The research consisted of two parts, a first tentative experiment carried out at Horton Mental Hospital in 1930–31 and a final experiment in 1932 at the Maudsley Hospital, Bethlem Royal Hospital and at Horton, by the courtesy of Dr. E. Mapother, Dr. Porter Phillips and Dr. Nicol, to verify the results of the first experiment and to secure more finely-graded results. The cases were carefully selected by the psychiatrists concerned, and the writer is greatly indebted to them for their generous assistance, particularly in the matter of supplying detailed estimates of personality traits.
Perseveration and Personality
Authors: Rogers Kenneth H.
Published: August 2008

Commencing with Lankes's well-known study, “Perseveration”, in 1914, a number of commendable experimental investigations (cf. Jones, Bernstein, Pinard, etc.) have contributed to the demonstration of the existence of a general functional “factor”, common to all cognitive activity at least, to which the name “perseveration” has been applied. The main reason for thus designating the factor seems to have been that it manifests itself under conditions where the influence of one mental operation persists and interferes with efficiency in a totally different task. In several studies an attempt has been made to relate this factor as a function making for individual differences to differences in personality features as judged by the observation of behaviour.
On the Action of Certain Drugs in Schizophrenia
Authors: Beccle H. C.
Published: August 2008

The incidence of schizophrenia among admissions to mental hospitals has been variously estimated at from 12% to 16%. These statistics ignore the pre-psychotic states and all those schizoids who have, in these modern times, been assisted to exteriorize or readjust themselves without the invocation of the Lunacy Laws.
Some Methods and Problems of Psychotherapy
Authors: Neustatter W. L.
Published: August 2008

The objects of this paper are twofold: they are, on the one hand, to give a straightforward description of psycho-therapeutic procedure for those who are unfamiliar with its more technical aspects, and, on the other, to discuss specific problems which have arisen in the course of clinical work, and which might be of interest to other therapists.
An Approach to the Problem of Fear in Children
Authors: Weber Hilda
Published: August 2008

A one-sided approach to any question, which is always suspect, becomes a very real danger when it concerns medicine. It is the purpose of this paper to draw attention to certain half-truths which have arisen in this way in connection with fear. Fear, like pain, is a danger-signal, called into existence to draw to the individual's notice the presence of some threat to his welfare. It has, therefore, ultimately a protective purpose with a direct relation to self-preservation.