bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dry Bondable Porous Silk Fibroin Films for Embedding Micropatterned Electronics in Hierarchical Silk Nacre
Authors: Xue Jiajin , Cai Duote , Zhang Xiaojing , Qin Chunlian , Yu Xiu , Liu Haitao
Published: December 2024

Future structural materials is not only be lightweight, strong, and tough, but also capable of integrating functions like sensing, adaptation, self‐healing, deformation, and recovery as needed. Although bio‐inspired materials are well developed, directly integrating microelectronic patterns into nacre‐mimetic structures remains challenging, limiting the widespread application of electronic biomimetic materials. Here, an in situ freeze‐drying method is reported for the successful preparation of porous silk fibroin materials that can achieve dry bonding. The in situ freeze‐drying method preserves the structural integrity of the lyophilized membrane while reducing procedural steps, achieving control over pore gradient not feasible with traditional freeze‐drying techniques. By leveraging their smooth surfaces and capacity to support heat transfer patterns, layer‐by‐layer assembly at a macroscopic scale is achieved. The material's excellent mechanical properties, controllable graded structure, and adjustable degradation behavior enable the construction of electronically functionalized hierarchical structures. Additionally, the dry‐state, layer‐by‐layer bonding method for porous polymer films provides advantages in precision control, mechanical stability, functional versatility, hierarchical structuring, and scalability. It represents an innovative approach, offering multi‐functional and customizable bulk materials, especially suited for biomedical applications. This work offers an effective pathway for developing high‐performance and multifunctional biomimetic devices with controllable hierarchical structures.
Adhesion Strategy for Cross‐Linking AgNWs/MXene Janus Membrane: Stretchable and Self‐Healing Electromagnetic Shielding and Infrared Stealth Capabilities
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhang Boyuan , Ma Jiacheng , Cheng Yakun , Cui Peiyu , Kang Yifan , Wu Fan , Chen Chaochan , Huang Wenhuan
Published: December 2024

Developing lightweight polymer shielding membranes with additional physicochemical properties is of great significance for addressing the complex contemporary security demands. However, precise structural design at the molecular level remains a challenge. Herein, a unique Janus composite membrane is assembled from conductive AgNWs/MXene 1D/2D network and polyurethane elastomer (MPHEA), displaying combined superior electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of up to 80 dB and remarkable infrared stealth capability at a wide temperature range of room temperature to 50 °C. Moreover, the endowed chemical crosslinking in the membrane resulted in the exceptional mechanical strength, self‐healing, and superior adhesion. The maintained electromagnetic shielding (over 20 dB) even under a strain of 40% and the recovered shielding efficiency of 90% after mechanical damage and self‐healing are observed, which is attributed to the synergistic 3D polymer elastic and 1D/2D conductive network in the multi‐dimensional crosslinked MPHEA@AgNWs/MXene composite membrane. This work has represented an excellent micro‐nano structure design strategy on multifunctional electromagnetic wave manager in complex application scenario.
25.91%‐Efficiency and Durable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Multifunctional Molecule Mediated Precursor Engineering
Authors: Yao Yuqi , Wang Qi , Chen Xin , Yang Jiewei , Tang Weijian , Xu Xiaopeng , Wu Yihui , Peng Qiang
Published: December 2024

The stability of the precursor is essential for producing high‐quality perovskite films with minimal non‐radiative recombination. In this study, methionine sulfoxide (MTSO), which features multiple electron‐donation sites, is strategically chosen as a precursor stabilizer and crystal growth mediator for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). MTSO stabilizes the precursor by inhibiting the oxidation of iodide ions and passivates charged traps through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions. This leads to enhanced crystallinity, reduced non‐radiative recombination, and decreased internal residual stress in perovskite film. As a result, remarkable power conversion efficiencies of 25.91% (certified 25.76%) with a minimal voltage deficit of 0.36 V for a 0.09‐cm2 inverted PSC, and 21.96% for a 12.96‐cm2 (active area) perovskite minimodule, have been achieved, respectively. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices demonstrated excellent long‐term thermal aging and operational stability, retaining over 90% and 92% of their original efficiencies after 500 h of continuous thermal aging at 85 °C and 2500 h of continuous maximum power point tracking under 1 sun (white light LED array) illumination at 30 ± 5 °C. This study underscores the importance of the rational design of functional molecules for stabilizing the precursor and regulating the crystallization of perovskite films, advancing the practical development of PSCs.
Selective Photocatalytic C─H Oxidation Using All‐Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots Encapsulated in UiO‐Series MOFs
Authors: Liu Xiyu , Huang Sai , Khoo Rebecca Shu Hui , Huang Lu , Zhu Wenqing , Wang Linjun
Published: December 2024

All‐inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are successfully incorporated within the cages of zirconium‐based UiO‐series metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) using in situ ship‐in‐a‐bottle method at room temperature under ambient conditions. The resulting mBPP‐MOF, which includes the 4,4′‐(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐diyl)dibenzoic acid (H2BPP) linker, features a larger cavity size than UiO‐66 and UiO‐67‐bpy, allowing for uniform accommodation of PeQDs within its cages. This PeQDs@MOF hybrid heterostructure enhances the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges, enabling the synthesized CsPbBr3@mBPP‐MOF to demonstrate highly selective and stable performance in the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene under visible light irradiation at 395 nm. This advancement represents a potential breakthrough in organic photocatalysis due to the material's low cost, ease of processing, high efficiency, and tunable bandgap.
Optimierung von aufgeschweißten Lamellen unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung
Authors: Dürr André , Mensinger Martin , Roth Jakob , Rausch Niclas
Published: December 2024

Aufgeschweißte Lamellen sind im Brücken‐ und Maschinenbau ein häufig vorkommendes Detail, das zur lokalen Querschnittsverstärkung verwendet wird und somit zur Ausführung wirtschaftlicher Konstruktionen beiträgt. Allerdings weist dieses Kerbdetail ein ungünstiges Ermüdungsverhalten auf und ist daher in vielen Fällen maßgebend beim Ermüdungsnachweis. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts FOSTA P 1413 wurden numerische und experimentelle Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Lamellenformen und ‐ausführungen durchgeführt und auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse eine hinsichtlich Ermüdungsverhalten und Fertigungsaufwand optimierte Ausführung entwickelt. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen und die sich daraus abgeleiteten Empfehlungen hinsichtlich Bemessung und Fertigung vorgestellt.
Two major sudden stratospheric warmings during winter 2023/2024
Authors: Lee Simon H. , Butler Amy H. , Manney Gloria L.
Published: December 2024

Major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) occur in the Arctic around six times per decade. During winter 2023/2024, two major SSWs occurred – a relatively rare event, having occurred on average only once per decade. Here, we summarise the evolution of the two SSWs, their dynamics and impacts on stratospheric chemical processing and tropospheric weather patterns. While both SSWs were displacement events, they evolved remarkably differently. The 16 January SSW was short‐lived and did not exert a canonical influence on surface weather. In contrast, the 4 March SSW followed a more typical evolution, albeit with only weak coupling to the troposphere.
A general thermodynamical model for finitely-strained continuum with inelasticity and diffusion, its GENERIC derivation in Eulerian formulation, and some application
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Roubíček Tomáš
Published: December 2024

A thermodynamically consistent visco-elastodynamical model at finite strains is derived that also allows for inelasticity (like plasticity or creep), thermal coupling, and poroelasticity with diffusion. The theory is developed in the Eulerian framework and is shown to be consistent with the thermodynamic framework given by General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling (GENERIC). For the latter we use that the transport terms are given in terms of Lie derivatives. Application is illustrated by two examples, namely volumetric phase transitions with dehydration in rocks and martensitic phase transitions in shape-memory alloys. A strategy toward a rigorous mathematical analysis is only very briefly outlined.
Preclinical comparison of (radio)lanthanides using mass spectrometry and nuclear imaging techniques: biodistribution of lanthanide-based tumor-targeting agents and lanthanides in ionic form
Authors: Wallimann Rahel H. , Mehta Avni , Mapanao Ana Katrina , Köster Ulli , Kneuer Rainer , Schindler Patrick , van der Meulen Nicholas P. , Schibli Roger , Müller Cristina
Published: December 2024

Purpose

With the growing interest in exploring radiolanthanides for nuclear medicine applications, the question arises as to whether they are generally interchangeable without affecting a biomolecule’s pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to investigate similarities and differences of four (radio)lanthanides simultaneously applied as complexes of biomolecules or in ionic form.

Methods

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the simultaneous detection of four lanthanides (Ln = lutetium, terbium, gadolinium and europium) in biological samples. In vitro tumor cell uptake and in vivo biodistribution studies were performed with Ln-DOTATATE, Ln-DOTA-LM3, Ln-PSMA-617 and Ln-OxFol-1. AR42J cells, PC-3 PIP cells and KB cells expressing the somatostatin receptor, the prostate-specific membrane antigen and the folate receptor, respectively, were used in vitro as well as to obtain the respective tumor mouse models for in vivo studies. The distribution of lanthanides in ionic form was investigated in immunocompetent mice. Dual-isotope SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed with mice administered with the radiolabeled biomolecules or chloride salts of lutetium-177 and terbium-161.

Results

Similar in vitro cell uptake was observed for all four lanthanide complexes of each biomolecule into the respective tumor cell lines. AR42J tumor uptake of Ln-DOTATATE and Ln-DOTA-LM3 in mice showed similar values for all lanthanide complexes (3.8‒5.1% ID/g and 4.5‒5.0% ID/g; 1 h p.i., respectively). Accumulation of Ln-PSMA-617 in PC-3 PIP tumors (24–25% ID/g; 1 h p.i.) and of Ln-OxFol-1 in KB tumors (28–31% ID/g; 24 h p.i.) were also equal for the four lanthanide complexes of each biomolecule. After injection of lanthanide chloride salts (LnCl3; Ln = natLu, natTb, natGd, natEu), the liver uptake was different for each metal (~ 12% ID/g, ~ 22% ID/g, ~ 31% ID/g and ~ 37% ID/g; 24 h p.i., respectively) which could be ascribed to the radii of the respective lanthanide ions. In the bones, accumulation was considerably higher for lutetium than for other lanthanides (25 ± 5% ID/g vs. 14‒15% ID/g; 24 h p.i.). These data were confirmed visually by 177Lu/161Tb-based dual-isotope SPECT/CT images.

Conclusions

The presented study confirmed similar properties of Ln-complexes, suggesting that lutetium-177 can be replaced by other radiolanthanides, most probably without affecting the tissue distribution profile of the resultant radiopharmaceuticals. On the other hand, the different radii of the lanthanide ions affected their uptake and resorption mechanisms in liver and bones when injected in uncomplexed form.
Acalculous cholecystitis– an imaging and therapeutic update
Authors: Morgan Matthew A , DePietro Daniel M , Whorms Debra S , Pantel Austin R , Ganeshan Dhakshinamoorthy , Goldman Inessa A , Yang Julie , Khot Rachita
Published: December 2024

In this review, we highlight current understanding of the pathogenesis of acalculous cholecystitis, as well as its key imaging and clinical features. We also review what happens after a diagnosis and outline current interventional methods.
Subtropical specialists dominate a coral range expansion front
Authors: Chong Fiona , Soong Giun Yee , Hakim Agus Alim , Burke Camille , De Palmas Stéphane , Gösser Fabian , Hsiao Wanchien Victoria , Kise Hiroki , Nishijima Miyuki , Iguchi Akira , Sommer Brigitte , Joyce Domino , Beger Maria , Reimer James Davis
Published: December 2024

Potential range expansion of scleractinian corals in high-latitude reefs is critically dependent on the coral host-symbiont relationship that determines coral growth and survival. Although increases in coral cover have been observed at higher latitudes, the identities of habitat-building reef corals and their symbionts are underreported. Here, we examine how scleractinian host and symbiont Symbiodiniaceae diversity changes along a tropical–temperate environmental gradient. We use Pocillopora spp. and associated symbiont communities as a model to understand whether they are expanding their range poleward and the role of symbionts in this process. Along the Kuroshio Current, which carries warm equatorial waters northward along the Pacific coast of Japan, we collected coral tissues from 23 (sub)tropical-to-temperate reefs, from southern Iriomote in the Ryukyu Islands (24°N) to northernmost Kushimoto on mainland Japan (33°N). We examined host identities through direct sequencing of the mitochondrial open reading frame (mtORF) and symbiont identities with next-generation sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the ribosomal DNA. Our results show a dramatic reduction of Pocillopora haplotypes and a marked change in dominant symbiont types northward (poleward) from Cape Sata (30°N), Kagoshima. ‘Tropical’ Pocillopora haplotypes were absent from mainland Japan sites. We also demonstrate high host specificity between the subtropical Pocillopora haplotype and Cladocopium symbiont types. Our findings question how common ‘coral tropicalisation’ is, and the location of the coral range expansion front. The specificity of hosts and symbionts in high-latitude corals suggests that high-latitude reefs are unlikely to support the persistence of tropical zooxanthellate corals.
Fabrication of a ferrite microcrystal using optical vortex laser induced forward transfer
Authors: Kaneko Akihiro , Iwata Muneaki , Yuyama Ken-ichi , Omatsu Takashige
Published: December 2024

Optical vortex induced forward transfer (OV-LIFT) allows the crystallization of magnetic nanoparticles enabling the fabrication of a 2-dimensional array of monocrystalline structures with a high spatial resolution. We herein investigate the optimum experimental conditions, such as the viscosity range of the donor and the energy range of the optical vortex pulse required for the crystallization of magnetic nanoparticles through a cavitation processes, including the flight dynamics of donor.
Clinical and radiologic criteria to predict endoscopic third ventriculostomy success in non-communicating pediatric hydrocephalus
Authors: Tatoshvili Davit , Schaumann Andreas , Tietze Anna , Pennacchietti Valentina , Cohrs Gesa , Schulz Matthias , Thomale Ulrich-W.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV) became the relevant treatment option for non-communicating pediatric hydrocephalus. ETV success was predicted in relation to age, diagnosis, and previous shunt implantation. Radiological factors are usually taken for indication decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate radiological signs of non-communicating hydrocephalus for ETV success in a single-center retrospective analysis.

Patients and methods

ETV interventions were collected from a 10-year period (2010–2019) from our institution. Clinical patient characteristics such as prematurity, age, diagnosis, and previous shunt treatment and follow-up in terms of possible shunt implantation or revision surgeries were investigated. Radiological data was retrieved from the in-house PACS system to analyze preoperative signs for non­communicating hydrocephalus such as ventricular size, pressure gradients at the third ventricle, and any signs of obstruction from internal towards external cerebral spinal fluid communication. Fisher’s test was used to demonstrate the significance of each individual predictor. A multivariable model was built using the backward elimination method with multiple logistic regression.

Results

From 136 ETV interventions, 95 met the inclusion criteria (age < 18 years; > 6-month follow-up; MR image data availability, treatment goal for shunt independence). In chi-square statistical evaluation of single parameters age > 6 months (OR 32.5; 95% CI 4.8–364), ventricular width (FOHR < 0.56; OR 6.1; 95% CI 2.2–16.3) and non-post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus as underlying diagnosis (OR 13.1; 95% CI 1.9–163) showed significant increased odds ratio for shunt independence during follow-up. Logistic regression analysis for multiple parameters showed age > 6 months (OR 29.3; 95% CI 4.1–606) together with outward bulged lamina terminalis (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.2–19.6), smaller FOHR (continuous parameter; OR 2.83 × 10−5; 95% CI 4.7 × 10−9–0.045), and non-4th-ventricular-outlet obstruction (4thVOO; OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.09–1.02) as significant factors for ETV success.

Conclusion

ETV has become a relevant treatment for non-communicating hydrocephalus, with typical MR image characteristics. Analyzing radiological markers as predictors for success smaller ventricular width and outward displaced lamina terminalis was relevant in combination with age > 6 months. Since the analysis is based on single-center experience, a larger cohort of patients with a multi-center approach should further investigate the combined clinical and radiological criteria.
Patient-specific scaphoid prosthesis: surgical technique
Authors: Honigmann Philipp , Oonk Joris , Dobbe Johannes , Strackee Simon , Streekstra Geert , Haefeli Mathias
Published: December 2024

The scaphoid bone is essential for wrist stability, force transmission, and movement, being crucial for maintaining carpal kinematics. In cases where the scaphoid is non-reconstructable, a complete replacement can serve as a treatment option to preserve carpal alignment and motion. This approach has evolved since its first descriptions in 1945, benefiting significantly from advancements in patient-specific implant design, additive manufacturing/3D printing, and material use in recent years. We present a technique for scaphoid replacement using a patient-specific prosthesis and reconstruction of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments to achieve optimal stability and mobility.
Management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the elbow including return to sport remains variable among orthopaedic surgeons
Authors: Bowman Eric N. , Lane Gabriel , Goldfarb Charles F. , Smith Matthew V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Management of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the capitellum is challenging. Historically, variability exists between surgeons in the evaluation, treatment, and return to sport criteria. The purpose of this study was to define the current trends regarding evaluation, nonoperative and surgical management, and return to sport criteria for capitellar OCD lesions among surgeons.

Methods

A 21-question cross-sectional survey was administered to 24 Orthopaedic surgeons specializing in elbow OCDs. The survey included questions concerning imaging, specific non-operative treatments trialed, indications for surgery for stable and unstable lesions, preferred surgical techniques, osteochondral autograft utilization, and factors determining return to sport.

Results

Twenty-one surgeons responded (88%). The most common surgical indications for stable lesions were time (≥ 6 months, 68%) and mechanical symptoms (52%). Drilling (45%) and fragment fixation (35%) were most preferred. For unstable lesions, factors in order of importance for determining surgical procedure were lesion size, lateral wall integrity, location on capitellum, skeletal maturity, and sport. For small (< 1 cm2), centralized lesions, 81% preferred debridement with microfracture. For large (> 1 cm2), lateralized lesions, 52% preferred debridement and microfracture and 48% preferred osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT). OAT was considered for 80% of failed procedures, 47% with lateral wall involvement, and 27% > 1 cm2. Return to sport after debridement was typically 2–3 months (52%), fragment fixation was 4 months (52%), and OAT was 4–6 months, while microfracture had wide variability (3–6 months). The factors in order of importance were lack of pain, time, then imaging. Two-thirds of surgeons wait longer to release overhead athletes or gymnasts.

Conclusions

There is significant variability in the management of capitellar OCD in athletes. Small, centralized lesions are likely to be treated with debridement and microfracture with faster return to sport. Treatment of large, lateral lesions remains variable. Regarding OAT procedures, perceived morbidity, reimbursement, and limited evidence dissuade use. There is no consensus on return to sport, though lack of pain and time were most important; overhead athletes and gymnasts are restricted longer from returning to sport.

Level of Evidence

Level 5, diagnostic, cross-sectional survey.
Utility of routine X-ray surveillance following hip sonography for developmental dysplasia in children: a single-center study spanning a decade
Authors: Wolf Matthias , Haas Leon , Tsitlakidis Stefanos , Deisenhofer Julian , Horsch Axel , Hagmann Sébastien , Gather Katharina Susanne
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study evaluates the necessity of routine X-ray follow-ups in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), identified through Graf hip ultrasound, a standard component of screening in Germany. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of radiological deterioration in hips that were initially diagnosed and treated according to established guidelines within a university-based risk-enriched cohort and to identify associated risk factors.

Materials and methods

Patients diagnosed with developmental DDH from 2009 to 2018 with sonographically healthy hips (alpha > 64°) post conservative therapy and at least one follow-up X-ray by the age of two were analysed. Patients with significant comorbidities, syndromes, malformations, non-compliance with treatment, or missing X-ray data were excluded. Descriptive analysis of sonography, X-ray, and patient records were followed by univariate analysis and subsequent multiple logistic regression, identifying risk factors for severe and extreme dysplasia in X-rays.

Results

Of the 450 included hips, 254 were classified as Graf Type 2a or higher, leading to treatment. Subsequent X-rays revealed severe dysplasia in 53 hips and extreme dysplasia in seven hips. Univariate analysis identified sex, initial Graf-Type, therapy type and duration as significantly associated with pathological radiographs. A regression model identified the initial Graf type as the predominant predictor with hip types 3a and 4, cast therapy and overhead extension as independent predictors.

Conclusions

The data demonstrate pathological findings even after successful conservative treatment of DDH. Worsening of X-ray findings appear less frequent in mild dysplasia. These insights support routine radiographic follow-up assessments after successful conservative therapy. However, further dedicated studies are needed to determine whether patients with initially normal radiographs require radiographic follow-up.
The prognostic influence of hospital type, method of first histological confirmation and time to chemotherapy in patients with advanced primary ovarian cancer
Authors: Starke Olivia , Wimberger Pauline , Klotz Daniel Martin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death of all gynecological malignancies. Prognosis is determined by optimal surgical outcome (macroscopic complete resection) most commonly achieved in tertiary hospitals. We investigated whether tertiary versus non-tertiary hospital as the location of an initial diagnostic intervention for histological confirmation before cytoreductive surgery versus immediate primary debulking surgery impacts outcome in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.

Methods

We analyzed 115 patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery at a German tertiary center: 60 patients underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) and 55 patients had a diagnostic intervention for histological confirmation before debulking surgery (PHC).

Results

Although there was no prognostic difference between the two subgroups, the median time to chemotherapy was longer in the PHC group (46 days) compared to the PDS group (26 days; p < 0.0001), equally seen comparing non-tertiary versus tertiary PHC groups (p: 0.0001), its impact confirmed in a multivariate analysis (PFS: HR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.05, p: 0.007; OS: HR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02 –1.06, p: < 0.001) of the PHC group only. In total, 9/10 patients with port-site metastases after diagnostic laparoscopy were initially treated at non-tertiary hospitals, resulting in a lower PFS compared to patients without port-site metastases after laparoscopy (HR 0.21, 95%CI 0.06–0.733, p: 0.014).

Conclusions

In conclusion, patients with ovarian cancer undergoing treatment solely at a tertiary center have some clinical benefits and improved outcome, given the shorter time to chemotherapy and potential impact of port-site metastases. This supports centralization of oncological treatment.
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN): cross-sectional data on phenotypes, genotypes, and proteomic signature from a German cohort
Authors: Gangfuß Andrea , Goj Guido , Polz Silke , Della Marina Adela , Hentschel Andreas , Ahlbory Katja , Deba Timo , Kotzaeridou Urania , Schuler Elisabeth , Pechmann Astrid , Diebold Uta , Kurlemann Gerhard , Heinzkyll Lucas , Schmitt Dirk , Rostasy Kevin , Ruck Tobias , Böhm Johann , Roos Andreas , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike
Published: December 2024

Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the peripheral and central nervous system and is caused by bi-allelic variants in the GAN gene, leading to loss of functional gigaxonin protein. A treatment does not exist, but a first clinical trial using a gene therapy approach has recently been completed. Here, we conducted the first systematic study of GAN patients treated by German-speaking child neurologists. We collected clinical, genetic, and epidemiological data from a total of 15 patients representing one of the largest cohorts described thus far. Average age of patients was 11.7 years at inclusion. The most frequently reported symptoms (HPO coded) were gait disturbance and muscle weakness, abnormality of muscle size, and abnormal reflexes. In line with the frequency of homozygous variants, in five families, parents reported being at least distantly related. In 14 patients, diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic testing, revealing eight different GAN variants, four being reported as pathogenic in the literature. Proteomics of white blood cells derived from four patients was conducted to obtain unbiased insights into the underlying pathophysiology and revealed dysregulation of 111 proteins implicated in diverse biological processes. Of note, diverse of these proteins is known to be crucial for proper synaptic function and transmission and affection of intermediate filament organisation and proteolysis, which is in line with the known functions of gigaxonin.
Anterior segment OCT for imaging PAUL® glaucoma implant patch grafts: a useful method for follow-up and risk management
Authors: Schipper Pascal , Weber Constance , Lu Ke , Fan Siqi , Prokosch Verena , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl
Published: December 2024

Aim

To evaluate a useful, non-contact method for the follow-up of pericardium patch graft changes in patients undergoing PAUL® Glaucoma Implant (PGI) surgery using high-resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) to predict tube erosions.

Methods

Prospective analysis over six months of tube pericardium patch graft thickness of PGI surgical cases at the University Eye Hospital Bonn, Germany, from November 2021 to August 2022. In all eyes, Tutopatch® (RTI Surgical, United States) pericardium was used to cover the implant intra-operatively. Anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT, Heidelberg ANTERION® Swept-Source-OCT) examinations were performed following a standardized protocol to measure quantitative and qualitative aspects of the patch grafts before surgery, and at three and six months after surgery.

Results

Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients were included. Thickness of the patch material was 1188 µm (IQR 415 µm) directly after implantation and decreased over time to 1068 µm (IQR 478 µm) at 3 months and 846 µm (IQR 677 µm) at 6 months. No significant differences between groups were shown concerning gender (p = 0.128), ethnicity (p = 1.000), age (p = 0.741), glaucoma type (p = 0.173), other concurrent diseases (p = 0.302), former glaucoma surgeries (p = 1.000) and the quadrant of implantation (p = 0.555). Five eyes developed implant exposure. When comparing eyes with and without tube exposure, no significant differences were shown in average patch thickness above the tube directly after implantation (p = 0.476). However, significant differences in average thickness were observed at 3 months (p = 0.013) and 6 months (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Pericardial patch grafts tend to thin over time which can be assessed by AS-OCT, the latter proving to be a useful method to follow-up patients who undergo patch graft implantation during PGI surgery. This investigation could potentially help identify patients at risk of tube exposure which in turn could lead to modification of patient management. It could also possibly be used in future studies to find more suitable patch materials.
Curative treatment for oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer– results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Norén N. , Rouvelas I. , Lundell L. , Nilsson M. , Sunde B. , Szabo E. , Edholm D. , Hedberg J. , Smedh U. , Hermansson M. , Lindblad M. , Klevebro F.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer is a clinical entity with no standard treatment recommendation. Treatment with curative intent has recently emerged as an option for selected patients in contrast to the traditional palliative treatment strategy. This prospective study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of combined systemic and local treatment with curative intent for patients with oligometastatic gastroesophageal cancer.

Methods

In a multicenter study, consecutive patients with gastroesophageal cancer and metastases in the liver and/or extra-regional lymph nodes were screened for inclusion. Eligible patients were offered curatively intended perioperative chemotherapy followed by surgical resection or liver ablation. Primary endpoints were treatment safety and feasibility. Secondary outcomes included postoperative mortality, treatment response, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Subgroup analyses were stratified based on oligometastatic location.

Results

A total of 29 (82.9%) patients completed treatment with surgical resection (93.1%), liver ablation (3.4%), or definitive chemoradiotherapy (3.4%). Postoperative complications were found in 19 (73.1%) patients, whereas postoperative mortality was 0%. The most common complications included infection (34.6%) and respiratory complications (34.6%). Median overall survival was 20.9 months (interquartile range 11.2–42.6) from diagnosis and 17.0 months (interquartile range 6.4–35.9) from surgery in patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Median progression-free survival was 5.8 months (interquartile range 3.1–11.3).

Conclusion

This study found curative treatment to be a relatively safe option, with an overall survival of 20.8 months and no postoperative mortality.
Is tumour location a dominant risk factor of recurrence in early rectal cancer?
Authors: Rosén Roberto , Thorlacius Henrik , Rönnow Carl-Fredrik
Published: December 2024

Background

Impact of rectal tumour location on risk of lymph node metastases (LNM) and recurrence in early RC is poorly studied and elusive. Tumour location as a prognostic factor may contribute to optimise management of early RC in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate rectal tumour location as an independent predictor of oncologic outcome in early rectal cancer (RC).

Methods

Retrospective multicentre national cohort study on prospectively collected data on all patients with T1-T2 RC, undergoing surgical resection between 2009 and 2021. Tumour location was categorised as distal (0–5 cm), mid (5–10 cm), and proximal (10–16 cm), measured from the anal verge.

Results

Incidence of LNM in the 2424 included T1–T2 RC patients was 18.2%, 17.3% and 21.6% for distal, mid and proximal tumours, respectively. Recurrence was detected in 130 (7.6%) out of 1705 patients available for recurrence analyses (60-month median follow-up). Incidence of recurrence was twice as high in distal (11.4%) compared to proximal (5.6%) tumours and was 8.3% in mid located tumours. Distal (HR 2.051, CI 1.248–3.371, P < 0.05) and mid (HR 1.592, CI 1.061–2.388, P < 0.05) tumour location were significant risk factors of recurrence in uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Conclusions

This study shows that tumour location significantly affects incidence of recurrence in early RC, with an increasing risk for mid and especially distal location, found to be a predominant risk factor of recurrence. Our findings stress the need for an increased awareness on differences in oncologic outcome related to tumour location in early RC.
Comparison of intraoperative versus preoperative ERCP with laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholecystocholedocholithiasis: a 3-year study at Kepler University Hospital
Authors: Raab Sandra , Jagoditsch Alexander , Kurz Franz , Pimingstorfer Philipp , Schimetta Wolfgang , Schöfl Rainer , Schrenk Peter , Schwinghammer Christoph , Ziachehabi Alexander , Shamiyeh Andreas
Published: December 2024

Background

Preoperative ERCP followed by cholecystectomy is a common treatment for cholecystocholedocholithiasis. However, intraoperative ERCP has been used more frequently over the last two decades, with few studies assessing various aspects of both methods. We evaluated and compared the management and outcomes of intraoperative ERCP and preoperative ERCP.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of a prospective registry. A total of 169 patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis underwent either intraoperative ERCP or preoperative ERCP followed by cholecystectomy. Between January 2020 and June 2023 patients were further analysed for morbidity, surgical technique, ERCP and surgical indications, length of stay and success rate of ERCP.

Results

103 patients (60.9%) underwent intraoperative ERCP and 66 patients (39.1%) an ERCP later followed by cholecystectomy. Patients with intraoperative ERCP tended to have a lower rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (3.9% vs. 6.1%; P = 0.537), fewer ERCP complications (3.9% vs. 10.6%; P = 0.116), a reduced hospital stay (8 vs. 13.8 days; P < 0.001) and a lower cannulation failure rate of the common bile duct during ERCP (1.9% vs. 6.1%; P = 0.088).

Conclusions

Our study identified several advantages of intraoperative simultaneous ERCP over upfront ERCP, suggesting that intraoperative ERCP may be a viable and safe option for the comprehensive management of cholecystocholedocholithiasis.
Efficient simulation of hydrodynamic bearings using the SBFEM with eigenvalue problem derivatives
Authors: Pfeil Simon , Gravenkamp Hauke , Woschke Elmar
Published: December 2024

This work presents a semi-analytical solution of the Reynolds equation under Gümbel conditions for hydrodynamic bearings in rotordynamic simulations. The algorithm is based on the SBFEM (scaled boundary finite element method) in combination with eigenvalue problem derivatives. The pressure field is discretized by standard finite elements along the circumferential coordinate, while an exact analytical formulation is used in the axial direction. This transforms the partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations and leads to an eigenvalue problem. The computation of the continuously changing eigenvalues and eigenvectors is achieved by accurate Taylor approximations so that the repeated call of a numerically expensive eigensolver can be avoided. The algorithm is incorporated into a time integration scheme for the dynamic analysis of a simple system, consisting of a rotor with two degrees of freedom in a hydrodynamic bearing. Thereby, the method is verified, and its numerical efficiency is demonstrated. For a bearing with a slenderness ratio (length-to-diameter ratio) of 1, the computational time is reduced to $$8.8\%$$

8.8
%

compared to a standard FVM (finite volume method) solution.
Novel maximum transient frequency deviation estimation in island grids using performance and correction indices based on field tests
Authors: Grall Dominik , Brankovic Darko , Renner Herwig , Schürhuber Robert
Published: December 2024

Preparation for a potential blackout has gained increasing significance in recent years. As a result, the blackstart and islanding capabilities of power plants within the distribution and transmission grid become more important. Due to the high level of organisational and monetary effort required, such blackstart and grid restoration functionalities are infrequently trained in real-world scenarios and data is mostly derived from simulations. This paper analyzes some of the few existing field tests concerning load-frequency response. The study aims to compare different grid configurations, participating power plants, turbine types, and ramp-up processes. Key findings are explained using two novel indices: the Turbine Type Performance Index (TTPI), which serves as a comparative index for the turbine controller performance, system rotational energy, and load-frequency response. The second index, the Load Behavior Correction Index (LBCI), ensures the conversion of non-instantaneous power changes to instantaneous power steps and thus enables the estimation of the maximum transient frequency deviation with the direct connection of induction machines via a defined TTPI. The primary advantage of this paper’s findings is to provide a fast estimation of the maximum transient frequency deviation resulting from defined load steps based on the given rotational energy of the system.
Factors associated with awareness of chronic kidney disease, and impact of awareness on renal prognosis
Authors: Hattori Akiko , Imaizumi Takahiro , Toda Takuya , Sakurai Daisuke , Takai Nami , Miki Takahiro , Maekawa Michitaka , Kato Sawako , Hagiwara Yuta , Yoshida Yasuko , Maruyama Shoichi
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) awareness could help prevent disease progression through modifiable risk factors. However, few patients with CKD are aware of their disease. We aimed to investigate the factors associated with CKD awareness and impact of CKD awareness on renal prognosis.

Methods

We investigated the proportion of participants with CKD who answered ‘aware of CKD’ in the questionnaire among those undergoing health check-ups from 2013 to 2022. Participants included working-age employees and their dependents covered by health insurance associations for large and medium-sized companies. The outcome was defined as the change from ‘unaware’ to ‘aware’ of CKD; multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the association of urine tests or nutritional guidance with CKD awareness. A control group was randomly selected from the unaware group and matched for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary protein categories, and follow-up period. Changes in eGFR slopes before and after awareness were compared using linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Of the 13,489 participants, 2.8% were aware of CKD at baseline; of the 1,614 with CKD-related disease codes, only 19.6% were aware. The odds ratios of urine tests or nutritional guidance in relation to awareness occurrence were 1.98 (1.29–3.05) and 3.01 (1.38–6.53), respectively. The difference in the eGFR slope improvement from before to after CKD awareness was + 0.92 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year (0.18–1.67; P = 0.015) in the aware group.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that urine tests and nutritional guidance may promote CKD awareness, which may help slow its progression.
2021 trends in the treatment of patients with strabismus in Japan
Authors: Kunimi Keiko , Goseki Toshiaki , Nishina Sachiko , Negishi Takashi , Sato Miho
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To clarify the actual status of strabismus surgery and botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy in Japan in the year 2021.

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

We conducted a national survey of strabismus treatment in 2021 using a questionnaire consistent with a previous 2013 survey, incorporating additional questions about BTX therapy.

Results

Among the 378 responding institutions, strabismus surgery or BTX therapy, or both, was performed at 185 institutions (49%; total cases, 10,767). In 151 (40%), 32 (8%), and 2 (1%) institutions, surgery only, surgery and BTX therapy, and BTX therapy only were performed, respectively. The distribution of institutions where strabismus surgery was performed consisted of 4 prefectures, accounting for 48% of the total, whereas no strabismus surgery was performed at any institution in 3 prefectures. Although the highest percentage of patients (23%) was aged between 10 and 19 years, 48.2% of the patients were aged 20 years or older, and 17% of them were aged 60 years or older. Exotropia (XT) was the most common type of strabismus (55%) followed by esotropia (ET) (24%). In terms of complex surgeries, 80.2% (more than 100 cases) were performed at institutions with more than 100 cases. Of the 34 institutions where BTX therapy was performed, 52% were performed at a single institution, and 18% were performed at 2 institutions where no strabismus surgery was performed. Patients with scarring in the extraocular muscles, such as thyroid eye disease, were the most treated, followed by those with ET, who were mainly given injection treatment.

Conclusion

Institutions where strabismus surgery and BTX therapy could be performed were concentrated and limited.
Matrix-less spectral approximation for large structured matrices
Authors: Barbarino Giovanni , Claesson Melker , Ekström Sven-Erik , Garoni Carlo , Meadon David , Speleers Hendrik
Published: December 2024

Sequences of structured matrices of increasing size, such as generalized locally Toeplitz sequences, arise in many scientific applications and especially in the numerical discretization of linear differential problems. We assume that the eigenvalues of a matrix $$X_n$$

X
n

, belonging to a sequence of such kind, are given by a regular expansion. Under this working hypothesis, we propose a method for computing approximations of the eigenvalues of $$X_n$$

X
n

for large n and we provide a theoretical analysis of its convergence. The method is called matrix-less because it does not operate on the matrix $$X_n$$

X
n

but on a few similar matrices of smaller size combined with an interpolation-extrapolation strategy. The working hypothesis and the performance of the proposed eigenvalue approximation method are benchmarked on several numerical examples, with a special attention to matrices arising from the discretization of variable-coefficient differential problems.
Exploring behaviour of socio-economic metabolic flows to promote environmentally sustainable consumption patterns in Sri Lankan households
Authors: Konara Konara Mudiyanselage Gayani Kaushal , Tokai Akihiro
Published: December 2024

While households depend on various material and energy inflows from outside their boundaries, their behaviour has changed over the years with rapid economic development and urbanisation. Therefore, monitoring these resource inflows and outflows and understanding how they relate to household consumption patterns are crucial to uplifting environmentally sustainable policies and practices. With limited studies available, this study aims to contribute to the household metabolism literature by exploring energy, water, food flows, and related emissions of Sri Lankan households during the past decade. Metabolic flows were quantified by converting household expenditure survey data of 20,000 households into physical quantities. Inputs, outputs, and the metabolic processes were then demonstrated using resource flow diagrams and evaluated using environmental sustainability indicators. Results indicate declining intensities of energy and food consumption and inclining intensities of water consumption and emissions during the past decade. Traced consumption patterns across metabolic flows reveal extensively linear metabolic flows with comparatively pro-environmental patterns in resources extraction. Lack of proper disposal/recycle measures for food waste and wastewater has jeopardized the circularity of metabolic flows, causing irreversible environmental deterioration. Policy implications call for changes in energy mix to reduce dependency on energy imports, promoting energy-efficient appliances and the use of clean energy sources for cooking, reinforcing accountability for groundwater consumption, tackling the disparities in the availability of pipe-borne water, and streamlining of waste management system with efficient source separation and treatment practices.
Impact of author characteristics on outcomes of single- versus double-blind peer review: a systematic review of comparative studies in scientific abstracts and publications
Authors: Giannakakos Vasiliki P. , Karanfilian Troy S. , Dimopoulos Antonios D. , Barmettler Anne
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the role of double-blind (DB) peer review on bias against authors when compared to single-blind (SB) peer review in scientific publications. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search of databases including Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science, without language or date restrictions, was conducted to identify original research studies comparing peer-review outcomes between DB and SB methods based on any of the following author characteristics: gender, race, geographic location, personal prestige, institutional prestige. Studies were ranked Level I, II, or III for quality of evidence based on a modified version of the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. Of 29 studies included, five level I studies, the highest quality evidence, showed that in SB peer review, the following author characteristics were associated with more positive outcomes: male gender, White race, location of the US or North America, well-published or known in their field, or affiliation with prestigious institutions. The evidence of whether DB peer review resulted in better outcomes for authors lacking these characteristics was more discordant, possibly due to lack of effective blinding or due to unblinded editor decisions. However, if bias reduction is defined as elimination of advantages afforded to only certain types of authors, DB peer review should be considered.