bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strengthened Inputs from Secondary Motor Cortex to Striatum in a Mouse Model of Compulsive Behavior
Authors: Corbit Victoria L. , Manning Elizabeth E. , Gittis Aryn H. , Ahmari Susanne E.
Published: February 2019

Hyperactivity in striatum is associated with compulsive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related illnesses, but it is unclear whether this hyperactivity is due to intrinsic striatal dysfunction or abnormalities in corticostriatal inputs. Understanding the cellular and circuit properties underlying striatal hyperactivity could help inform the optimization of targeted stimulation treatments for compulsive behavior disorders. To investigate the cellular and synaptic abnormalities that may underlie corticostriatal dysfunction relevant to OCD, we used theSapap3knock-out (Sapap3-KO) mouse model of compulsive behaviors, which also exhibits hyperactivity in central striatum.Ex vivoelectrophysiology in double-transgenic mice was used to assess intrinsic excitability and functional synaptic input in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in central striatum ofSapap3-KOs and wild-type (WT) littermates. While we found no differences in intrinsic excitability of SPNs or FSIs betweenSapap3-KOs and WTs, excitatory drive to FSIs was significantly increased in KOs. Contrary to predictions, lateral orbitofrontal cortex-striatal synapses were not responsible for this increased drive; optogenetic stimulation revealed that lateral orbitofrontal cortex input to SPNs was reduced in KOs (∼3-fold) and unchanged in FSIs. However, secondary motor area (M2) postsynaptic responses in central striatum were significantly increased (∼6-fold) in strength and reliability in KOs relative to WTs. These results suggest that increased M2-striatal drive may contribute to bothin vivostriatal hyperactivity and compulsive behaviors, and support a potential role for presupplementary/supplementary motor cortical regions in the pathology and treatment of compulsive behavior disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThese findings highlight an unexpected contribution of M2 projections to striatal dysfunction in theSapap3-KO obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-relevant mouse model, with M2 inputs strengthened by at least sixfold onto both spiny projection neurons and fast-spiking interneurons in central striatum. Because M2 is thought to be homologous to presupplementary/supplementary motor areas (pre-SMA/SMA) in humans, regions important for movement preparation and behavioral sequencing, these data are consistent with a model in which increased drive from M2 leads to excessive selection of sequenced motor patterns. Together with observations of hyperactivity in pre-SMA/SMA in both OCD and Tourette syndrome, and evidence that pre-SMA is a potential target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in OCD, these results support further dissection of the role of M2 in compulsivity.
Binocular Eye Movements Are Adapted to the Natural Environment
Authors: Gibaldi Agostino , Banks Martin S.
Published: February 2019

Humans and many animals make frequent saccades requiring coordinated movements of the eyes. When landing on the new fixation point, the eyes must converge accurately or double images will be perceived. We asked whether the visual system uses statistical regularities in the natural environment to aid eye alignment at the end of saccades. We measured the distribution of naturally occurring disparities in different parts of the visual field. The central tendency of the distributions was crossed (nearer than fixation) in the lower field and uncrossed (farther) in the upper field in male and female participants. It was uncrossed in the left and right fields. We also measured horizontal vergence after completion of vertical, horizontal, and oblique saccades. When the eyes first landed near the eccentric target, vergence was quite consistent with the natural-disparity distribution. For example, when making an upward saccade, the eyes diverged to be aligned with the most probable uncrossed disparity in that part of the visual field. Likewise, when making a downward saccade, the eyes converged to enable alignment with crossed disparity in that part of the field. Our results show that rapid binocular eye movements are adapted to the statistics of the 3D environment, minimizing the need for large corrective vergence movements at the end of saccades. The results are relevant to the debate about whether eye movements are derived from separate saccadic and vergence neural commands that control both eyes or from separate monocular commands that control the eyes independently.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that the human visual system incorporates statistical regularities in the visual environment to enable efficient binocular eye movements. We define the oculomotor horopter: the surface of 3D positions to which the eyes initially move when stimulated by eccentric targets. The observed movements maximize the probability of accurate fixation as the eyes move from one position to another. This is the first study to show quantitatively that binocular eye movements conform to 3D scene statistics, thereby enabling efficient processing. The results provide greater insight into the neural mechanisms underlying the planning and execution of saccadic eye movements.
Cell Kinetics in the Adult Neurogenic Niche and Impact of Diet-Induced Accelerated Aging
Authors: Stankiewicz Alexander J. , Mortazavi Farzad , Kharchenko Peter V. , McGowan Erin M. , Kharchenko Vasili , Zhdanova Irina V.
Published: February 2019

Neurogenesis in the adult brain, a powerful mechanism for neuronal plasticity and brain repair, is altered by aging and pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders. The search for mechanisms and therapeutic solutions to alter neurogenesis requires understanding of cell kinetics within neurogenic niches using a high-throughput quantitative approach. The challenge is in the dynamic nature of the process and multiple cell types involved, each having several potential modes of division or cell fate. Here we show that cell kinetics can be revealed through a combination of the BrdU/EdU pulse-chase, based on the circadian pattern of DNA replication, and a differential equations model that describes time-dependent cell densities. The model is validated through the analysis of cell kinetics in the cerebellar neurogenic niche of normal young adult male zebrafish, with cells quantified in 2D (sections), and with neuronal fate and reactivation of stem cells confirmed in 3D whole-brain images (CLARITY). We then reveal complex alterations in cell kinetics associated with accelerated aging due to chronic high caloric intake. Low activity of neuronal stem cells in this condition persists 2 months after reverting to normal diet, and is accompanied by overproduction of transient amplifying cells, their accelerated cell death, and slow migration of postmitotic progeny. This combined experimental and mathematical approach should allow for relatively high-throughput analysis of early signs of pathological and age-related changes in neurogenesis, evaluation of specific therapeutic targets, and drug efficacy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding normal cell kinetics of adult neurogenesis and the type of cells affected by a pathological process is needed to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic measures directed at specific cell targets. Complex time-dependent mechanisms involved in the kinetics of multiple cell types require a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling approaches. This study demonstrates such a combined approach by comparing normal neurogenesis with that altered by diet-induced accelerated aging in adult zebrafish.
Becoming a Qualitative Researcher with a Postcolonial Sensibility in South Korea
Authors: Jung Sang Won , Kim Young Chun
Published: February 2019

It seems that qualitative research has spread worldwide as a new research method beyond the Western world. Despite the fact that qualitative research in South Korea developed not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, there has not been enough effort to find out how the South Korean researcher grows into a qualitative researcher compared with the Western researcher. In this article, we try to approach the experience of becoming a qualitative researcher in South Korea with an autoethnography method. As a result, the experience and process of becoming a qualitative researcher in South Korea can be considered in three themes: learning qualitative research skills though field work, learning writing skills, and cultivating a postcolonial sensibility. This article can provide not only a new perspective on qualitative research and the process of becoming a qualitative researcher in South Korea but also a postcolonial perspective by conceptualizing that.
Negotiating Power
Authors: Campbell Karen , Hart Corinne
Published: February 2019

Learning to do qualitative research that is grounded in a critical perspective can be a turbulent time for graduate students and supervisors. The influence of power is omnipresent and can create significant problems for graduate student experiences. This article uses the graduate thesis research experience of one student and supervisor dyad to highlight the relational factors that we found to support learning: vulnerability, trust, and patience. For our dyad, negotiating the power structures surrounding us was one strategy that helped foster the development of a critical qualitative researcher. The relational factors that characterized our student-supervisor relationship, similar to those in the critical qualitative research process, provided a basis for discussion and growth through a graduate thesis in a nursing program.
Group Peer Review
Authors: Teachman Gail , Lévesque Martine C. , Keboa Mark Tambe , Danish Basem Adel , Mastorakis Konstantinos , Noronha Crystal , dos Santos Raissa Passos , Singh Harprit K. , Macdonald Mary Ellen
Published: February 2019

Invitation to review a manuscript for publication marks an exciting milestone in graduate and postgraduate students’ training. Yet, peer reviewing is seldom explicitly taught. First-time reviewers approaching this task often lack mentorship, guidelines, and confidence. The ongoing debate about how to judge the quality of qualitative research can further complicate the task. In this article, we introduce an innovative model for conducting group peer reviews in the context of qualitative research training. After setting out the model's principles and process, we discuss its merits and reflect on our experiences as trainees and supervisor using the approach. In addition to providing opportunities for mentorship in appraisal methods, writing strategies, and approaches for framing constructive feedback, we suggest the model has the potential to advance trainees’ development as collegial peers and their overall learning as qualitative researchers. Finally, we discuss potential ways forward to extend the model in other contexts.
Exacerbation of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy: stimulation of a cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenoma by ACTH originating from the foeto-placental unit
Authors: St-Jean Matthieu , MacKenzie-Feder Jessica , Bourdeau Isabelle , Lacroix André
Published: February 2019

A 29-year-old G4A3 woman presented at 25 weeks of pregnancy with progressive signs of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), gestational diabetes requiring insulin and hypertension. A 3.4 × 3.3 cm right adrenal adenoma was identified during abdominal ultrasound imaging for nephrolithiasis. Investigation revealed elevated levels of plasma cortisol, 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC) and late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC). Serum ACTH levels were not fully suppressed (4 and 5 pmol/L (N: 2–11)). One month post-partum, CS regressed, 24-h UFC had normalised while ACTH levels were now less than 2 pmol/L; however, dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol levels. Tests performed in vivo 6 weeks post-partum to identify aberrant hormone receptors showed no cortisol stimulation by various tests (including 300 IU hLH i.v.) except after administration of 250 µg i.v. Cosyntropin 1–24. Right adrenalectomy demonstrated an adrenocortical adenoma and atrophy of adjacent cortex. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the adenoma revealed the presence of ACTH (MC2) receptor mRNA, while LHCG receptor mRNA was almost undetectable. This case reveals that CS exacerbation in the context of pregnancy can result from the placental-derived ACTH stimulation of MC2 receptors on the adrenocortical adenoma. Possible contribution of other placental-derived factors such as oestrogens, CRH or CRH-like peptides cannot be ruled out.

Learning points:

Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome during pregnancy is complicated by several physiological alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation occurring in normal pregnancy.

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) exacerbation during pregnancy can be associated with aberrant expression of LHCG receptor on primary adrenocortical tumour or hyperplasia in some cases, but not in this patient.

Placental-derived ACTH, which is not subject to glucocorticoid negative feedback, stimulated cortisol secretion from this adrenal adenoma causing transient CS exacerbation during pregnancy.

Following delivery and tumour removal, suppression of HPA axis can require several months to recover and requires glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
La domesticación de la Política Exterior de Venezuela (2013-2017)
Authors: Barreto Luis Maximiliano
Published: February 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la Política Exterior de Venezuela desde el inicio de la presidencia de Nicolás Maduro hasta la actualidad (2013-2017). Debido al acotado período temporal en consideración y su proximidad con el presente, el trabajo está guiado por una hipótesis preliminar que sostiene que la política exterior venezolana sufrió un proceso de “domesticación”, esto es, una excesiva absorción de la crisis interna en el comportamiento externo del Estado. Al repasar los principales hechos de las relaciones entre Venezuela y sus interlocutores, las acciones se observan continuamente permeadas por la conflictividad doméstica. Esquemáticamente, se pasará revista de los lineamientos previstos para la política exterior en el programa de gobierno y, luego, se abordarán las vinculaciones con los principales actores. A la par de evaluar la validez de la hipótesis preliminar, repasar la propuesta de política exterior permitirá valorar si el accionar externo venezolano se ha mantenido cerca o lejos de dicha propuesta.
Hermenéutica de la ciudad. Hacia una lectura humanista de Bogotá
Authors: Fuentes Nieto Diana María
Published: February 2019

El artículo tiene como objetivo divulgar las estrategias didácticas, las bases conceptuales y las conclusiones que surgieron de la implementación de la cátedra opcional denominada Domingo de Guzmán. La metodología está basada en la forma como la Universidad Santo Tomás puso en práctica la técnica de trabajo denominada hermenéutica que se aplica en los lugares donde las personas se desenvuelven. Se logra evidenciar cómo este nuevo ejercicio básico ayuda al disfrute del aprendizaje desde una base humanista. Partiendo de la cátedra en cuestión, también se pretendió reconocer la importancia que la comunicación desempeña en la cotidianidad del ser humano y, desde esta mirada, comprender que su naturaleza es comunicacional, tomando en cuenta el entorno en el que un individuo se desarrolla, en este caso, la ciudad donde este vive. La cátedra opcional denominada Domingo de Guzmán: Las dimensiones humanísticas de la comunicación buscaba descubrir, profundizar y contextualizar las dimensiones humanistas de la comunicación.
Ceftolozane/tazobactam susceptibility testing in extended-spectrum betalactamase- and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria of various clonal lineages
Authors: Pazzini Carlo , Ahmad-Nejad Parviz , Ghebremedhin Beniam
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, multidrug-resistant bacteria are considered as an increasing serious threat to public health worldwide. Global and local surveillance data are helpful in the application of the most efficient antimicrobial agent in bacterial infections. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the activity of the previously cleared agent ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) in African and European multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Susceptibility testing was performed on 147 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (107 Escherichia coli and 40 Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 103 carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria using Etest according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoints. Among the extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing isolates, 91 Escherichia coli isolates (85%) and 23 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (57.5%) were susceptible towards C/T whereas out of the 103 carbapenemase-producing isolates 102 (99.0%) were C/T-resistant. C/T should be included in susceptibility testing to fairly administer this antimicrobial agent in infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. It may be considered as a therapy option for infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria once susceptibility to this antimicrobial combination has been confirmed.
Investigation of dynamic response of a mannequin in a vehicle exposed to land mine blast
Authors: ERDİK Atıl
Published: February 2019

Explosive devices are frequently
used in asymmetric combats. They severely threatens not only the armored
vehicles, but also occupants. After detonation of high explosive, blast loads
are transferred through shock waves and they hit the vehicle hull in a few
milliseconds, which might potentially cause serious injuries on the members of
occupants. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) allow for evaluating the
survivability of occupants in armored vehicles subjected to landmine blast in
accordance with associated injury criteria standards. This study examines the
emerging role of numerical simulations in the context of survivability of
combat vehicles in modern warfare. The purpose of this investigation has been
to compare the performance of Hybrid-III 50th percentile ATD in
numerical simulation with that of full scale blast test. Force and acceleration
time variations were collected from Hybrid-III dummy in blast test. Those data were
then compared with numerical simulation model. Results show that the numerical
simulation results are in agreement with those obtained from experiments.
Compact Operators on the Sets of Fractional Difference Sequences
Authors: ÖZGER Faruk
Published: February 2019

The sets of fractional difference sequences have been studied in the literature recently. In this work, some identities or estimates for the operator norms and the measure of noncompactness of certain operators on difference sets of sequences of fractional orders are established. Some classes of compact operators on those spaces are characterized.
As repercussões da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida em gestantes: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Epaminondas Lorena Cristine Soares , Negrão Larissa Nascimento , Costa Shamyle Aramys dos Santos , De Macêdo Rafaela Cordeiro
Published: February 2019

INTRODUÇÃO: As disfunções do assoalho pélvico (AP) durante a gestação por danos estruturais e funcionais podem provocar o desencadeamento de incontinência urinária (IU). Um grande incômodo para quem sofre desse problema devido à presença de sintomas miccionais, podendo interferir negativamente no bem-estar durante o período gestacional. OBJETIVO: Analisar as repercussões da incontinência urinária na qualidade de vida durante o período gestacional. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo compreende uma revisão sistemática, feito o levantamento da literatura através da biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed e SCIELO, onde a seleção dos artigos foi delimitada ao período de 2010 a 2018.Foram identificados 48 artigos sobre o tema, em português e inglês, e após a análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram sete artigos. RESULTADOS: Os estudos apontam que há um aumento gradativo da disfunção do assoalho pélvico com a evolução da gestação, prejudicando as atividades de vida diária e o bem-estar. Os artigos revisados mostram que o útero gravídico passa por alterações hormonais ao longo dos trimestres gestacionais, sendo mais acentuados com a maior idade. CONCLUSÃO: A incontinência urinária envolve diversos aspectos negativos relacionados à qualidade de vida das mulheres. Faz-se necessário a devida atenção do profissional da saúde sobre a prevenção, orientação e diagnóstico durante a gestação, trazendo benefícios na assistência da saúde da mulher.
Parameters for gait rehabilitation in Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: cross sectional study
Authors: Corradini Sandra , Mota Renata de Sousa , Macêdo Maíra , Brasil Marina , Dubois-Mendes Selena Márcia , Sá Katia Nunes
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION: The gait in people with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM / TSP) is little known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the kinematic profile of gait in people with HAM/TSP. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 25 people with HAM/TSP and 25 healthy participants. Spatiotemporal and angular data from filming of gait were submitted to kinematic analysis using CVMob software. The gait of partipants with HAM/TSP was analized quantitatively through t Student test (alpha 5% and Power of 80%). The project was approved by Ethical Committee of the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health with CAAE 13568213.8.0000.5544. RESULTS: The HAM/TSP group showed significant changes in two different domains of biomechanical gait analysis when compared to healthy controls. The angular variables showed increased trunk inclination, flexion and extension (p<0.05); increased hip flexion and decreased hip extension (p<0.05); decreased knee flexion and extension (p<0.05); decreased ankle dorsi and plantar flexion (p<0.05). Range of Motion was also reduced in all those joints. The spatiotemporal variables showed decreased stride length and increased stride time and speed gait cycle (p<0.001). Those changes point out to reduction in joint amplitudes of hip, knee and ankle, changes in support base and double support time asymmetry between right and left sides, reduction of pre-swing time, hip lift in the mid-swing, and foot drop throughout the swing. CONCLUSION: People with HAM/TSP have gait characterized by reduction in joint amplitudes of hip, knee and ankle, asymmetry between right and left sides and reduction of pre-swing time, hip lift in the mid-swing, and foot drop throughout the swing.
On Civil Society and the Social Economy in Hungary
Authors: Szalai Júlia , Svensson Sara
Published: February 2019

While the development of civil society organisations in Hungary has been impressive in terms of number and diversity, its influence has remained limited on policy-making. Administrative attempts to draw civil society under tight regulation and control have produced a blurring of the boundaries between the civil and the public spheres that, in turn, has impaired the independent voice and criticism of civil society. Therefore, economic acts based on solidarity and originating from civil society do not automatically form or increase a ‘social economy’ but become as contested by and as intermingled with political developments as other acts of civil society. This development also has affected the profile of civil activities: against the earlier impressive weight of anti-poverty, anti-racist and human rights engagements, the ‘non-risky’ activities of sports and leisure services have come to domination. A turn toward declining participation is a warning sign of the decreasing contribution of civil society to everyday democracy.
Modality and Code Glosses to Transition from Academic Written to Oral Discourses
Authors: Nausa Ricardo
Published: February 2019

This article presents the results of a pilot study carried out in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) class for PhD programs at a private university in Bogotá. The study sought to identify the mechanisms to change the content of academic essays to present them in oral presentations (OPs) to a multidisciplinary audience, and how such mechanisms mark differences of performance in the OPs. To identify the mechanisms of transition from written to oral mode, a discourse analysis comparison of eight parallel pairs of texts was performed. Changes to the expression of modality and the inclusion of code glosses were the mechanisms used to make the transition. These mechanisms helped students express contents in engaging and easy-to-process ways. The analysis of mechanisms includes the linguistic resources to modify sentences, their pragmatic appropriateness, and their grammatical correctness. This paper ends outlining some implications and limitations, and perspectives for future research.
Çevrimiçi Davranışsal Reklamcılığa Yönelik Tüketici Tutumları ve Mahremiyet Endişeleri
Authors: GÖKDEMİR Şaduman Şeyda , AKINCI Semra
Published: February 2019

Çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılık, hedefli reklamcılığın özel bir türüdür. Çevrimiçi
davranışsal reklamcılık için, çoğunlukla ‘çerez (cookie)’ yüklemeleri sonucunda
gerçekleştirilen internet kullanım geçmişiyle ilgili veri toplamak gereklidir.
Kişisel verilerin kullanımı, kullanıcılarda mahremiyet endişesi yarattığından ABD
ve Avrupa’daki politika yapıcıları tarafından yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada,çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılığa yönelik tüketici tutumları ve
mahremiyet endişelerinin neler olduğu ve mahremiyet endişelerinin çevrimiçi davranışsal
reklamcılığa yönelik tutumu etkileyip etkilemediğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada
nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış veveriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yoluyla
toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.Araştırma
bulgularına göre; tüketiciler çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılığa yönelik hem olumlu
hem olumsuz tutumlara bir arada sahiptir. Tüketicilerin, ilgi alanına yönelik, hatırlatıcı
ve bilgilendirici olması nedeniyle çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılığa olumlu bir tutum
sergiledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra tüketicininaynı reklam içeriğine yoğun
bir şekilde maruz kalması sonucu oluşan irritasyon ve takip edilme hissi çevrimiçi davranışsal
reklamcılığa yönelik olumsuz tutumların başında gelmektedir. Kişisel verilere yönelik
mahremiyet endişesini ise hemen hemen her tüketicinin hissettiği görülmüştür. Mahremiyet
endişelerinin başında dolandırılmak, suça karıştırılmak, virüs gibi nedenler gelmektedir. Bu
nedenle mahremiyet endişesi,çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılığa yönelik tüketici tutumları
üzerinde de olumsuz bir etkiye yol açmaktadır. Toplanan kişisel verilerin sınırlandırılması ve
gizlilik politikalarının daha kısa ve net açıklamalardan oluşturulması mahremiyet endişesini
azaltarak çevrimiçi davranışsal reklamcılığa yönelik tutumu olumluya dönüştürmede
etkili görülmektedir.
Uluslararası İletişim Düzeninde İnternet Tabanlı Küresel İletişim Şirketlerinin Rekabet Ortamları, Büyüme Stratejileri ve Toplumsal Dışsallıkları: Microsoft, Apple, Google ve Facebook
Authors: KADIOĞLU Zeynep
Published: February 2019

Uluslararası iletişim düzeni ve etki alanları çok uzun yıllardır önemli bir mücadele alanıdır. Geçmişte geleneksel medyanın küresel şirketleri uluslararası iletişim düzeninin hakimiyken artık internet tabanlı dev iletişim şirketleri hem ekonomik açıdan hem de etki alanlarının yaygınlığı açısından güçlü konuma gelmişlerdir. İnternet kullanımının yaygınlaşması bireylerin değişik platformlarda ürettikleri enformasyonun veri havuzlarında toplanmasının yolunu açmıştır ve geliştirilen algoritmik modellemeler bu veri yığınından anlamlı bilgilerin sağılması imkanını yaratmıştır. Tüm bu gelişmeler devasa veriye sahip olmanın ve geliştirilmiş doğru algoritmik modellemeye sahip olmanın yeni bir güç unsuru olarak şekillenmesi sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu üretim kaynaklarına sahip olan şirketler hem ekonomik açıdan hem etkisel açıdan dünyanın başat şirketleridir ve sahip oldukları bilgi ve yarattıkları iş açısından doğal tekel benzerleridir. 2017 yılında dünyanın en değerli beş şirketi internet tabanlı iletişim şirketleri olmuştur. Sırasıyla Apple, Alphabet (Google), Microsoft, Amazon ve Facebook. Bu şirketler kullandıkları teknoloji ve yarattıkları işlerle kendileri pazar haline gelerek birçok şirketin rekabet ortamının da sahibi olmuşlardır. İnternet ve teknoloji tabanlı küresel işletmelerin birçoğu yarattığı uygulamalarla ve eklentilerle kendisinden önceki büyük şirketlerin tekelci konumlarını devirerek büyümüşlerdir. Dolayısıyla uluslararası iletişim düzeninde büyüklüklerini ve hakimiyetlerini sürdürebilmek için akılcı stratejiler uygulamak zorundadırlar. Bunun için yeni inovatif uygulamaları takip etmek ve bu tarz uygulamaları satın alarak büyümek başlıca stratejileri olmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra birbirleriyle rekabette veri tabanlarını ve içerik koleksiyonlarını genişletecek, yeni algoritma modelleriyle etkili tanımlamalar yapabilecek ve diğer web sitelerinden veriler ayıklayabilecek alanlarda genişlemeye gitmişlerdir. Google, Microsoft, Apple veya Facebook gibi şirketlerin bu kadar güçlü ve etkin olmalarının nedeni sadece iş yapma biçimleri değildir aynı zamanda ortaya çıkardıkları yeni donanım ve yazılım teknolojileri ile ürettikleri internet hizmetleridir. Bu makalede söz konusu dört işletmenin büyüme stratejileri incelenmiş, Bu makalede söz konusu dört işletmenin büyüme stratejileri incelenmiş, yaptıkları birleşmeler, ekonomik büyüklükleri ve genişleme alanları karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca geleneksel medyadan farklılıkları ve benzerlikleri ortaya konmuş, uluslararası iletişim düzeninde egemen konuma gelmelerinin getireceği toplumsal sonuçlar öngörülmeye çalışılmıştır.
Novel methodological approaches in the system of early diagnosis of mastopathy with the use of computer dermography
Authors: Merkulova G A , Pegova E V
Published: February 2019

Aim. Optimization of the early detection of mastopathy on screening examinations due to the inclusion of data received with the use of computer dermography into the algorithm of complex diagnosis.

Methods. Integral evaluation of the health state was performed with the use of computer dermography as part of the diagnostic complex DgKTD-01. Fertile females (n=107) were divided into three groups. The study group (n=36) included the female patients with differentiated mastopathy. The control group (n=51) united the females complaining of discomfort in breasts, engorgement and tenderness. Parameters of the baseline level in the study group and the control group were studied; a prognostic model of mastopathy was developed. Comparative analysis of identified characteristics was performed in the comparison group.

Results. Females from the study group are in the group of adaptation risk with formation of premorbid states and diseases. The prognostic model of mastopathy was consistent disorder of the tonic activity of basic functions F2' and F3', functions F5-1', F5-2', F5-3' with the extremum in segments Th4-6 in regimen 2 which allowed determining females with the risk of the development of this pathology in comparison group.

Conclusion. Method of computer dermography serves as a methodological approach to revealing pre-nosological states which alllows using it as an additional non-invasive diagnostic screening test to determine mastopathy risk groups; the obtained results give ground to continue the further studies and improvement of the diagnosis on a large clinical material and to development of computed system for interpretation of the obtained data.
The effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma
Authors: Allakhverdiyeva L I , Sultanova N G , Dzhafarova A O
Published: February 2019

Aim. To study the state of the cytokine response in children with atopic bronchial asthma during pharmacological correction with vitamin D.

Methods. 63 children aged 3-17 years with atopic bronchial asthma of varying severity were examined. As a control group, 10 practically healthy children of the same age who had no history of allergic manifestations and no hereditary complications, were examined. The patients were divided into two groups matched by age: group 1 included 33 patients with mild (n=20) and moderate (n=13) bronchial asthma who received only basic anti-inflammatory therapy according to the severity of asthma; group 2 included 30 children with mild (n=18) and moderate (n=12) bronchial asthma who received basic anti-inflammatory therapy with vitamin D containing Tridrop [3 drops (1500 IU) per day for 1 month]. Patients were assessed for interleukin-2, -13 and -17 in the blood serum using a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment.

Results. The results obtained made it possible to clarify the changes in the cytokine spectrum in patients with atopic bronchial asthma in the course of the disease and the effect of pharmacological correction with vitamin D on it. The mean level of interleukin-2 in group 1 remained practically unchanged, the value of this cytokine was 2.77±1.51 pg/ml (p >0.05). In group 2, the mean interleukin-2 level increased to 5.07±1.02 pg/ml (p <0.01). The mean level of interleukin-13 in group 1 patients increased but not significantly, but in group 2 a decrease of interleukin-13 to 11.3±3.8 pg/ml (p <0.05) was registered. Interleukin-17 decreased by 2.6 times in group 2 (4.8±1.6 pg/ml, p <0.01). In group 1 there was no significant change in the level of interleukin-17, in all children it remained elevated (p >0.05).

Conclusion. Pharmacological correction with vitamin D on the background of basic anti-inflammatory therapy promotes the positive dynamics of the level of cytokines during the treatment of atopic bronchial asthma, which is related to the ability of vitamin D to regulate the function of Th2 and, as a result, to reduce the synthesis of interleukin-13 and -17, which participate in the pathogenesis of allergies and play an important protective role in bronchial asthma.
Management and Usage of Nitrogen Systems on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carriers
Authors: Ivče Renato , Rudan Igor , Rudan Mateo
Published: February 2019

The importance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels and the technology that enables their operations is steadily growing. Hence, in addition to professional interest, the general public also displays a considerably large interest in this issue. Today LNG carriers belong to the category of the most technologically developed vessels and therefore managing these vessels requires not only the general knowledge but also the specific knowledge relating to their cargo handling systems. To ensure the safe and economical transport of LNG by sea and to minimize the risk of fire or explosion it is necessary to understand the properties of LNG and nitrogen, an inert gas used in all phases of the carriage and transfer of liquefied gas. The subject of this research is the overall process of nitrogen management in daily operations on board LNG carriers. The aim of the research is to explain, evaluate and define the various applications of nitrogen systems on LNG carriers.
Environmental Efficiency of Using Alternative Types of Fuel in Power Facility of Railway Transport
Authors: Nosyrev D.Ya. , Kurmanova L.S. , Petukhov S.A. , Muratov A.V. , Erzamaev M.P.
Published: February 2019

The issues of reducing emissions of harmful substances by power facilities of railway transport are considered. It is established self-consistent railroad engines are the main source of environmental problems associated with the emission of pollutants. The main directions for the environmental safety of self-consistent railroad engines under operating conditions are given. Based on the results of the research conducted and the calculations of the cumulative indicator of the exhaust emissions of self-consistent railroad engines, it was found that the use of natural gas as a fuel is the most promising for solving environmental problems.
Use as an Iron (III) Sulfate Coagulant in Water Treatment in the Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Boykova T.E. , Bogdanovich N.I. , Vorontsov K.B. , Mauricheva T.S. , Dolgoborodova S.N. , Korotky V.P.
Published: February 2019

The study of the effectiveness of the use of iron (III) sulfate (Ferix-3) in the treatment of natural water. Experimental studies of the effectiveness of this reagent in various conditions: the dosage of coagulant, alkalization of water, the dose and grade of flocculant, the temperature of the treated water. Optimal results were obtained with a dosage of coagulant of 30–70 mg/l, the parameters of water meet the requirements. The content of suspended substances in the supernatant layer does not exceed 30 mg/l with a duration time of clarification of 30 minutes or more. The practicality of coagulation treatment with the use of modern reagent based on ferix-3 ferric iron has been substantiated.
Mobilność niemobilnego księgozbioru – przypadek Pomorskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej
Authors: Kokot Kamila
Published: February 2019

Celem artykułu jest zapoznanie czytelnika z zagadnieniem bibliotek cyfrowych oraz przybliżenie struktury i działalności Pomorskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej [dalej: PBC]. W drugiej części artykułu ukazano rolę PBC w udostępnianiu cennych kolekcji bibliotecznych – w oparciu o dane statystyczne, ankietę przeprowadzoną wśród użytkowników PBC oraz zapytania kierowane poprzez formularz kontaktowy. Artykuł przedstawia także działania promujące cyfrowe dziedzictwo kulturowe podejmowane za pośrednictwem mediów społecznościowych i we współpracy z lokalnymi instytucjami kultury.
Efectos de los anuncios de política monetaria y la credibilidad sobre las expectativas de inflación: evidencia para Colombia
Authors: Galvis Ciro Juan Camilo , Anzoategui-Zapata Juan Camilo
Published: February 2019

Este documento analiza los efectos de los anuncios del banco central sobre las expectativas de inflación para la economía colombiana. En particular, son estudiados los impactos de los pronunciamientos sobre la tasa de interés y los choques macroeconómicos sobre las tasas de inflación compensadas, dado el escenario de credibilidad de la política monetaria. La evidencia empírica es abordada por medio de un análisis de regresión con un modelo EGARCH para el período 2008-2016. Los resultados muestran que las expectativas de inflación responden a los anuncios de política. Además, los pronunciamientos fueron más efectivos en anclar las expectativas durante el período 2012-2016 y la mayor credibilidad de la política permitió que las expectativas fueran más estables frente a los choques externos.
Pengembangan Produk Penyedap Rasa dan Tepung Jamur Tiram di Desa Dawuhan dan Kelurahan Dabasah Kabupaten Bondowoso
Authors: Ningsih Indah Yulia
Published: February 2019

Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang diminati masyarakat. Banyaknya petani jamur tiram menyebabkan sulitnya harga komoditas ini bertahan bila seringkali terjadi panen raya secara bersamaan. Di Kabupaten Bondowoso, tepatnya di Desa Pertambangan dan Kelurahan Dabasah telah dilakukan budidaya oleh kelompok petani. Namun, para petani jamur tiram tersebut tidak memiliki pengetahuan, dan keterampilan untuk menghasilkan produk olahan jamur tiram yang tahan lama dan memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pada kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan mengenai pembuatan dan pengemasan produk olahan jamur tiram dalam bentuk penyedap rasa dan tepung jamur tiram. Adanya diversifikasi produk berperan dalam meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas jamur tiram, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan para petani.

Kata Kunci: Jamur Tiram, Penyedap Rasa, Tepung Jamur, Pengembangan Produk
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Agribisnis Berbasis Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Lokal Limbah Batang Tembakau sebagai Pewarna Alami Batik di Desa Tamansari
Authors: Palupi Bekti , Rahmawati Istiqomah , Rizkiana Meta Fitri
Published: February 2019

Jember memiliki komoditas tembakau yang cukup melimpah, salah satu daerah penghasil tembakau adalah di kawasan Wuluhan. Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Jember dengan mitra yaitu Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau yang terletak di Desa Tamansari, bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra. Bagian tembakau yang laku dijual para petani adalah daun tembakau, sedangkan batang tembakau tidak dimanfaatkan dan menumpuk menjadi limbah. Upaya mengurangi limbah batang tembakau dan menambah nilai guna dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik. Penggunaan pewarna alami pada kain batik juga berkontribusi dalam mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan pewarna sintetis pada industri batik. Pewarna alami dari batang tembakau dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengrajin batik yang ada di wilayah Jember dan sekitarnya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pengolahan batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik diharapkan mampu meningkatkan ekonomi Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau di Desa Tamansari. Penyelesaian masalah dari mitra dilakukan dalam skema pengabdian masyarakat dengan tahapan pemberian sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan dan pengolahan limbah batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik, menginisiasi dan memberikan bantuan kepada masyarakat contoh satu set alat produksi pewarna alami dalam skala rumah tangga, pemberian sosialisasi terkait proses pengemasan dan pemasaran produk, serta menginisiasi proses pemasaran produk dengan mengundang distributor dan konsumen potensial. Hasil dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah diharapkan Kelompok Tani Karunia Tembakau Desa Tamansari mampu mengolah limbah batang tembakau menjadi pewarna alami batik secara mandiri dan kontinyu.

Kata kunci: Batang tembakau, Pewarna alami batik, Desa Tamansari
El ciberlenguaje juvenil universitario: Análisis de los textos de la página de Facebook Confesiones
Authors: Arias Chávez Dennis , Ramos Quispe Teresa , Núñez Lira Luis Alberto , Inga Arias Miguel Gerardo
Published: February 2019

La presentación del ciberlenguaje como una de las variantes de la lengua incluye una discusión sobre su carácter como forma intermedia entre la oralidad y la escritura y las fuerzas responsables de los cambios lingüísticos. Por una parte, la vertiente popular que ha dado origen a la evolución constante de la lengua; y por otra, la culta que se esfuerza por recuperar la forma etimológica (Betancourt, 2010). El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los fenómenos lingüísticos presentes en los textos que figuran en la página de Facebook denominada “Confesiones” de 6 universidades peruanas: tres arequipeñas y tres filiales de universidades limeñas en esta ciudad. El corpus de análisis consta de 70 textos, el diseño es descriptivo transversal de tipo documental y como instrumento se utilizó una ficha de registro de variaciones lingüísticas en la que se recogen y analizan los rasgos ortográficos, léxico-semánticos, léxico-sintácticos, además de la función que cumple el lenguaje utilizado en este medio. El estudio evidencia la existencia de una variedad heterogénea con un marcado carácter creativo de los textos. En lo que se refiere a los rasgos ortográficos, destacan la elisión de vocales, sustitución y multiplicación de grafemas consonánticos. Los rasgos léxico-semánticos de los textos analizados muestran un marcado uso de eufemismos, palabras coloquiales y anglicismos. Desde el punto de vista léxico-sintáctico, el análisis muestra que, pese al carácter más o menos informal del medio que se utiliza (Facebook), los mensajes que se transmiten son textos que desarrollan argumentaciones completas y complejas. Finalmente, las funciones que prevalecen en los textos son la emotiva y fática.
LOS DESPLIEGUES DE LA AUTONOMÍA DE LA VOLUNTAD EN EL DERECHO CONCURSAL ARGENTINO Y SUS LÍMITES.
Authors: E. Gerbaudo Germán
Published: February 2019

La presente colaboración estudia los despliegues de la autonomía de la voluntad en los procesos concursales a la luz de la normativa argentina. Analiza el desenvolvimiento de este principio y sus límites en cada uno de las especies de procesos concursales.
LA DELIMITACIÓN DEL RIESGO EN EL SEGURO DE RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL: EL TRIBUNAL SUPREMO FIJA DOCTRINA SOBRE LAS CLÁUSULAS DE DELIMITACIÓN TEMPORAL [STS, Sala de lo Civil, Pleno, de 26 de abril de 2018 (RJ 2018, 1693)].
Authors: Ortiz del Valle María del Carmen
Published: February 2019

De entre todas las cuestiones que plantea el seguro de responsabilidad civil ocupa un lugar destacado el de la exacta delimitación del riesgo por las consecuencias que la misma tiene en un seguro de esta índole. Teniendo como margen el respeto a los límites legales, la delimitación se produce por acuerdo de las partes y se configura como un elemento esencial del contrato.
Water Leakoff During Gel Placement in Fractures: Extension to Oil-Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Brattekås Bergit , Seright Randy , Ersland Geir
Published: February 2019

Crosslinked polymers extrude through fractures during placement of many conformance-improvement treatments, as well as during hydraulic fracturing. Dehydration of polymer gel during extrusion through fractures has often been observed and was extensively investigated during recent decades. Injection of highly viscous gel increases the pressure in a fracture, which promotes gel dehydration by fluid leakoff into the adjacent matrix. The present comprehension of gel behavior dictates that the rate of fluid leakoff will be controlled by the gel and fracture properties and, to a lesser extent, be affected by the properties of an adjacent porous medium. However, several experimental results, presented in this work, indicate that fluid leakoff deviates from expected behavior when oil is present in the fracture-adjacent matrix. We investigated fluid leakoff from chromium (Cr)(III)-acetate hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gels during extrusion through oil-saturated, fractured core plugs. The matrix properties were varied to evaluate the effect of pore size, permeability, and heterogeneity on gel dehydration and leakoff rate. A deviating leakoff behavior during gel propagation through fractured, oil-saturated core plugs was observed, associated with the formation of a capillary driven displacement front in the matrix. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor water leakoff in a fractured, oil-saturated, carbonate core plug and verified the position and existence of a stable displacement front. The use of MRI also identified the presence of wormholes in the gel, during and after gel placement, which supports gel behavior similar to the previously proposed Seright filter-cake model. An explanation is offered for when the matrix affects gel dehydration and is supported by imaging. Our results show that the properties of a reservoir rock might affect gel dehydration, which, in turn, strongly affects the depth of gel penetration into a fracture network and the gel strength during chase floods.
The role of institutional ownership in strengthening to the enterprise value on the banking issuers
Authors: Muda Iskandar , Erlina  , Panca Diharja Muhammad , Haji Omar Normah , Said Jamaliah
Published: February 2019

This study examines the role of institutional ownership in moderating the relation between fundamental factors of a company and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Enterprise Value (firm value). The type of this research is an explanation research method. The sampling method was a proportional random sampling method of the population of banking companies of the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method of data collection was documentation. The method of data analysis was Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this study showed that simultaneous net profit margin and corporate social responsibility had a significant effect on the firm value. Partial test shows that net profit margin variables had an effect on the firm value and corporate social responsibility variables, which consist of economy, and had no influence on firm value. The results also indicated that institutional ownership strengthened the relation of fundamental factors and corporate social responsibility with the Enterprise Value.