bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-scale submarine landslide drives long-lasting regime shift in slope sediment deposition
Authors: Stagna Marina Dottore , Maselli Vittorio , van Vliet Arjan
Published: January 2023

Submarine landslides and associated mass-transport deposits (MTDs) modify the physiography of continental margins and influence the evolution of submarine sediment routing systems. Previous studies highlighted the control of landslides and MTDs on subsequent sedimentary processes and deposits at spatial scales ranging from tens of centimeters to few kilometers, leaving a knowledge gap on how and for how long large-scale submarine landslides (i.e., headscarps wider than 50–100 km) may affect the stratigraphic evolution of continental margins. To fill this gap, we used three-dimensional seismic reflection data tied to an exploration well to investigate the impact of one of the largest submarine landslides discovered on Earth, the Mafia mega-slide (Mms) offshore Tanzania, on slope sediment deposition. Seismic data interpretation indicates that turbidite lobes/lobe complexes and coalescent mixed turbidite-contourite systems formed the pre-Mms stratigraphy between 38 and ca. 21 Ma (age of the Mms), whereas coarser-grained sheet turbidites and debrites accumulated after the Mms for ∼15 m.y., primarily on the topographic lows generated by the emplacement of the landslide. We interpret this drastic and long-lasting regime shift in sediment deposition to be driven by the increase in seafloor gradient and the capture and focus of feeding systems within the broad failed area. We propose that the extensive evacuation zones associated with such giant landslides can generate major “conveyor belts”, trapping land-derived material or sediments transported by along-slope processes such as bottom currents. During the progressive healing of the landslide escarpments, which may last for several million years, sand-prone facies are deposited primarily in the upper slope, filling up the accommodation space generated by the landslide, while deeper-water environments likely remain sediment starved or experience accumulation of finer-grained deposits. Our study provides new insights into the long-term response of slope depositional systems to large-scale submarine landslides, with implications for the transfer of coarse-grained sediments that can be applied to continental margins worldwide.
Supplemental Material: Compositions and ages of Early Cretaceous volcanic and plutonic rocks in central Tibet: Insights into the magmatic and uplift response to slab breakoff
Authors: Wu Hao , al. et
Published: January 2023

Table S1: Zircon LA-ICP-MS isotopic data for representative samples from the Duolong igneous association. Table S2: Major- (wt%) and trace-element (ppm) compositions of representative samples from the Duolong igneous association. Table S3: Zircon Hf isotopic data for representative samples from the Duolong igneous association. Table S4: Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of rhyolites from the Duolong igneous association. Table S5: Summary of zircon U-Pb age data for Early Cretaceous magmatic rocks from the Duolong igneous association. 
Protocol for an exploratory, randomised, single-blind clinical trial of aerobic exercise to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wooliscroft Lindsey , McCoy Sharon , Hildebrand Andrea , Rooney William , Oken Barry S , Spain Rebecca Irene , Kuehl Kerry S , Bourdette Dennis , Cameron Michelle
Published: January 2023

Introduction

There is an urgent need for remyelinating therapies that restore function in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Aerobic exercise is a promising remyelinating strategy because it promotes remyelination in animal models both independently and synergistically with medications. Here, in this study, we present an innovative, randomised, single-blind, clinical trial designed to explore: the relationship between demyelination and mobility (part 1), and if 24 weeks of aerobic exercise promotes remyelination in pwMS (part 2).

Methods and analysis

Sedentary participants (n=60; aged 18–64 years) with stable MS will undergo a baseline visit with the following outcomes to assess associations between demyelination and mobility (part 1): spinal cord demyelination (somatosensory-evoked potentials, SSEPs), mobility (6-Minute Timed Walk, Timed 25-Foot Walk, Timed Up and Go, 9-Hole Peg Test) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). After baseline testing, participants with significantly prolonged SSEP latency will advance to the clinical exercise trial (part 2) and will be randomised 1:1 to active or control conditions for 24 weeks. The active condition will be aerobic stationary cycling three times per week with graded virtual supervision. The control condition will be monthly virtual MS symptom education groups (six sessions). SSEP latency (remyelination endpoint), mobility outcomes and PROs will be measured at 12 and 24 weeks in all clinical trial participants. A subset of 11 active and 11 control participants will undergo a brain MRI with quantitative T1myelin water fraction at baseline and 24 weeks (exploratory remyelination endpoint).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board (#21045). Dissemination of findings will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and media releases. The proposed study will inform the feasibility, study design and sample size for a fully powered clinical trial of aerobic exercise to promote remyelination in pwMS.

Trial registration number

NCT04539002.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours surrounding preconception and pregnancy health: an Australian cross-sectional survey
Authors: Musgrave Loretta , Homer Caroline , Gordon Adrienne
Published: January 2023

Objective

To understand Australian women’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviours surrounding preconception and pregnancy health and their preferences for information about these periods.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Making healthy changes can optimise preconception and pregnancy outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines inform preconception and pregnancy care in Australia. Women often have access to multiple sources of information on reproductive and pregnancy health.

Participants

Women of reproductive age were asked to complete a web-based survey. The survey development was informed by preconception guidelines, consensus statements and the national pregnancy care guidelines. The survey was distributed through social media, local and national networks from 2017 to 2018.

Results

Completed surveys were received from 553 women.The majority (80.4%) had high educational attainment. Checking immunisation status and ensuring good mental health were rated as equally important actions both preconception (65%) and during pregnancy (78%). Limiting sedentary activities was not rated as an important action to take either preconception (36%), or during pregnancy (38%). Although women have good knowledge about the impact of weight on their own health outcomes (eg, gestational diabetes), there was less knowledge about adverse outcomes for babies like stillbirth and preterm birth. Women access many sources for reproductive health information, however, the most trusted source was from healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

Most women of reproductive age in Australia have knowledge of the key health recommendations for preconception and pregnancy. However, there are gaps related to lifestyle behaviours particularly connected to weight gain and outcomes for babies. There is a strong preference to receive trusted information from healthcare providers through multiple resources.
The chiral Lagrangian with three flavors and large-$$N_c$$ sum rules
Authors: Heo Yonggoo , Kobdaj C. , Lutz Matthias F. M.
Published: January 2023

We reconsider the chiral Lagrangian with three-flavor baryon fields. A systematic analysis of all low-energy constants (LEC) that contribute to the axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents in the baryon octet and decuplet fields at next-to-leading order in the inverse number of colors ($$1/N_c$$

1
/

N
c

) of QCD is performed. We study the correlation function consisting of axial-vector and scalar currents as well. While there are 4 LEC relevant at leading chiral order, the number of relevant LEC at subleading order is 23. For those a leading order large-$$N_c$$

N
c

analysis predicts 3 and 18 sum rules respectively. At the next accuracy level the number of sum rules is reduced to 2 and 8. Our results are illustrated by a tree-level analysis of available axial-vector coupling constants and strong decay widths of the baryon decuplet states.
IoT-Enabled Healthcare Data Analysis in Virtual Hospital Systems Using Industry 4.0 Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Phani Praveen S. , Hasan Ali Mohammed , Musa Jaber Mustafa , Buddhi Dharam , Prakash Chander , Rani Deevi Radha , Thirugnanam Tamizharasi
Published: January 2023

Background: The world is transitioning to Industry 4.0, representing the transition to digital, fully machine-driven environments and cyberphysical systems. Industry 4.0 comprises various technologies and innovations that enable development in multiple perspectives, which are implemented in many different sectors. Problem: The major challenges are the high cost, high rate of failure, security and privacy issues, and there is a need for highly skilled labor for applying healthcare data analysis. Aim: To resolve these issues, we employ the proposed system of Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing for IoT-enabled healthcare data analysis in virtual hospital systems with machine learning (ML) techniques. Methods: The proposed system contains five alternative solutions under smart manufacturing. First, the healthcare data analysis is applied for Weber’s syndrome. That is, this will be used to analyze Weber’s syndrome during its consistent treatment. Second, the IoT-enabled healthcare data handling system works based on edge-assisted edge computing that is used to apply IoT to the healthcare data handling system. The healthcare data analysis in virtual hospital systems uses machine learning for driving data synthesis. Finally, the Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing is applied to the IoT-enabled healthcare data analysis to realize efficient data digitization, especially in smart hospitals with smart sensors for virtual IoT-enabled devices surveillance of Weber’s syndrome. Result: The data digitization based on Industry 4.0 smart manufacturing analysis is considered for data processing, storage and transmission. The proposed system is 62% more efficient than the other analyzed methods. The identification of Weber’s syndrome is 69.8% more efficient than the existing midbrain stroke syndrome identification. The processing and storage of data results are 45.78% more efficient than the current encryption method. Finally, the priority-aware healthcare data analysis based on ML provides 63.4% efficient, faster and more accurate diagnoses in the personalized treatment.
Mean asymptotic behavior for stochastic Kuramoto–Sivashinshy equation in Bochner spaces
Authors: Fan Shuyuan , Chen Xiaopeng
Published: January 2023

This paper is concerned with the mean asymptotic behavior of the Kuramoto–Sivashinshy equation with stochastic perturbation. We define the mean random dynamical systems for the stochastic Kuramoto–Sivashinshy equation in Bochner spaces. Then we obtain the so-called weak pullback mean random attractor for the stochastic Kuramoto–Sivashinshy equation with odd initial conditions.
Weak mean random attractors for nonautonomous stochastic parabolic equation with variable exponents
Authors: Zhang Jiangwei , Liu Zhiming , Huang Jianhua
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions for nonautonomous stochastic parabolic equation with nonstandard growth condition driven by nonlinear multiplicative noise for the first time. First, by making use of variational method, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and then the mean random dynamical systems generated by stochastic parabolic equations with variable exponents are obtained. Finally, due to the influence of variable indexes (dependent on space variable), we show the existence of weak mean random attractors under suitable assumptions on the variable exponents and the diffusion term.
The β-Delaunay tessellation IV: Mixing properties and central limit theorems
Authors: Gusakova Anna , Kabluchko Zakhar , Thäle Christoph
Published: January 2023

Various mixing properties of [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and Gaussian-Delaunay tessellations in [Formula: see text] are studied. It is shown that these tessellation models are absolutely regular, or [Formula: see text]-mixing. In the [Formula: see text]- and the Gaussian case exponential bounds for the absolute regularity coefficients are found. In the [Formula: see text]-case these coefficients show a polynomial decay only. In the background are new and strong concentration bounds on the radius of stabilization of the underlying construction. Using a general device for absolutely regular stationary random tessellations, central limit theorems for a number of geometric parameters of [Formula: see text]- and Gaussian-Delaunay tessellations are established. This includes the number of [Formula: see text]-dimensional faces and the [Formula: see text]-volume of the [Formula: see text]-skeleton for [Formula: see text].
On Sultana–Dyer spacetime: Curvatures and geometric structures
Authors: Eyasmin Sabina , Datta Biswa Ranjan , Sarkar Mousumi
Published: January 2023

Sultana–Dyer black hole, obtained by a time-dependent conformal transformation of Schwarzschild black hole, is an exact solution of general relativity in spherical symmetry. This paper provides the investigation of geometrical properties of the Sultana–Dyer spacetime by means of covariant derivative(s) of the geometric quantity “curvature”. It is shown that such a spacetime is [Formula: see text]-quasi-Einstein, Einstein spacetime of level [Formula: see text] and fulfills the generalized Roter type condition. The spacetime admits pseudosymmetric Weyl curvature as well as pseudosymmetric conharmonic curvature. Also, Weyl compatibility and Riemann compatibility of the Ricci tensor are shown. Finally, a comparison is drawn between Schwarzschild and Sultana–Dyer spacetimes with respect to their curvature restricted geometric properties.
Some aspects of inflationary scenario in the modified f(𝕋,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Salako Ines G. , Baffou Etienne , Boko Rachidi
Published: January 2023

Inflationary cosmology was the subject of an investigation in the [Formula: see text] gravity context, for which [Formula: see text] stands for the torsion scalar while [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor using three different class of inflation potentials well known in the literature. In order to find the range of geometry-matter coupling parameter to describe cosmological inflation scenario, we determined the slow-roll parameters and predict the scalar spectral index [Formula: see text], the tensor to scalar ratio [Formula: see text] and tensor spectral index [Formula: see text] in function in inflation potential parameters. The results show that the range of geometry-matter coupling parameter found is in agreement with the PLANCK 2018 data and WMAP data.
Monepiscopacy: A Rational Choice Account
Authors: Whitener Wilson , Salter Alexander William
Published: January 2023

Over the course of three centuries, the institutional organisation of the Christian church evolved from small, loosely organised groups meeting in house churches to a form of hierarchical organisation known as monepiscopacy. Monepiscopacy denotes a form of ecclesial polity in which a single bishop possesses authority over the church and oversees the administrative responsibilities of that church as head of its ministry. This paper develops a theory that explains why the early Christian church ([Formula: see text]33CE–325CE) would choose monepiscopacy as a form of church polity. Specifically, we argue that monepiscopacy was an efficient governance framework for solving collective action problems, establishing legitimacy, screening high-effort converts, and constraining socially costly behaviours. Drawing upon the tools of rational choice theory and previous work in institutional economics, we argue that hierarchy helped the early church monitor and punish free-riding, coordinate around orthodox doctrine, and screen potential converts.
A Short‐Time Non‐Gaussian Probability Approximation Based Method for Response Transitions of a Lévy‐Driven Nonsmooth System
Authors: Li Zigang , Yan Wang , Kang Jiaqi , Li Ming
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an efficient short‐time probability approximation with Lévy excitation to capture the transient probability distribution and its evolving path. Using principal component analysis (PCA), the method constructs a probability core to exclude outliers beyond it. The statistics of samples that fall inside the core are treated, with a prescribed fiducial probability, as an easy‐to‐estimate Gaussian type. The idea is verified numerically by compared with Monte‐Carlo results. Then, it is integrated into the path integral (PI) method, combined with evolving probabilistic vector (EPV) techniques, to efficiently obtain probability distributions in each time step of PI. This scheme is semianalytical, only dependent on a relatively small amount of response samples to form the probability core; thus, it can have very computational advantages over full Monte‐Carlo simulation to capture transient responses and probability distributions. The application to investigating response transitions of a nonsmooth system driven by Lévy shock and jump has revealed the performance of the proposed method. Also, the exit times of stochastic response are characterized quantitatively from the perspective of global dynamic transition. These investigations will be helpful to achieve the efficient probability estimation for nonlinear system with non‐Gaussian inputs and quantify the reliability of the mechanical system.
Emergency Endovascular Interventions on Descending Thoracic Aorta: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Buczkowski Piotr , Puslecki Mateusz , Ligowski Marcin , Dabrowski Marek , Stefaniak Sebastian , Fryska Zuzanna , Kulesza Jerzy , Juszkat Robert , Jemielity Marek , Perek Bartlomiej
Published: January 2023

Background. Implementation of emergency endovascular aortic repair provides an attractive opportunity in the treatment of complicated acute aortic syndromes involving descending aorta. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for the treatment of acute surgical emergencies involving the descending thoracic aorta. Methods. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients undergoing TEVAR in a single center since 2007 was undertaken. Patients with the aortic disease treated on emergency inclusion criteria were complicated spontaneous acute aortic syndrome (csAAS), traumatic aortic acute injuries (TAIs), and other indications requiring emergent intervention. Technical and clinical success with patient mortality, survival, and reoperation rate was evaluated according to Society for Vascular Surgery reporting standards for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Results The emergency interventions were necessary in 74 cases (51.0%), including patients with the complicated spontaneous acute aortic syndrome (csAAS) (64.8%; n = 48) and traumatic aortic acute injuries (TAIs) (31.1%). In addition, in one case aortic iatrogenic dissection (AID) and in 2 other fistulas after the previous stent graft, implantations were diagnosed. All procedures were done through surgically exposed femoral arteries while 2 hybrid procedures required additional approaches. The primary technical success rate was 95.9%, in 3 cases endoleak was reported. The primary clinical success occurred in 94.5%. All patients survived the endovascular interventions, whereas during in-hospital stay one of them died due to multiorgan failure (early mortality 1.3%). During the follow-up period, lasting 6 through 164 months (median 67), 11 patients died. Annual, five- and ten-year probability of survival was 86.4 ± 0.04%, 80.0 ± 0.05%, and 76.6 ± 0.06%, respectively. However, the rate of 5-year survivors was significantly higher after TAI (95.2%) than scAAS (63.4%) (

p
=
0.008

). Early after the procedure, one individual developed transient paraparesis (1.3%). No other serious stent-graft-related adverse events were noted within the postdischarge follow-up period. Conclusions. Descending aortic pathologies requiring emergent interventions can be treated by endovascular techniques with optimal results and low morbidity and mortality in an experienced and dedicated team.
Identification of Key Biomarkers and Candidate Molecules in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Yu Liyan , Liang Xuemei , Wang Jianwei , Ding Guangxiang , Tang Jinhai , Xue Juan , He Xin , Ge Jingxuan , Jin Xianzhang , Yang Zhiyi , Li Xianwei , Yao Hehuan , Yin Hongtao , Liu Wu , Yin Shengchen , Sun Bing , Sheng Junxiu
Published: January 2023

Background. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor of the lung cancer, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified novel biomarkers associated with the pathogenesis of NSCLC aiming to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for NSCLC by bioinformatics analysis. Methods. From the Gene Expression Omnibus database, GSE118370 and GSE10072 microarray datasets were obtained. Identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples was done. By using bioinformatics tools, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, modules were analyzed, and enrichment analyses were performed. The expression and prognostic values of 14 hub genes were validated by the GEPIA database, and the correlation between hub genes and survival in lung adenocarcinoma was assessed by UALCAN, cBioPortal, String and Cytoscape, and Timer tools. Results. We found three genes (PIK3R1, SPP1, and PECAM1) that have a clear correlation with OS in the lung adenocarcinoma patient. It has been found that lung adenocarcinoma exhibits high expression of SPP1 and that this has been associated with poor prognosis, while low expression of PECAM1 and PIK3R1 is associated with poor prognosis

P
<
0.05

. We also found that the expression of SPP1 was associated with miR-146a-5p, while the high expression of miR-146a-5p was related to good prognosis

P
<
0.05

. On the contrary, the lower miR-21-5p on upstream of PIK3R1 is associated with a higher surviving rate in cancer patients

P
<
0.05

. Finally, we found that the immune checkpoint genes CD274(PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2(PD-1) were also related to SPP1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusions. The results indicated that SPP1 is a cancer promoter (oncogene), while PECAM1 and PIK3R1 are cancer suppressor genes. These genes take part in the regulation of biological activities in lung adenocarcinoma, which provides a basis for improving detection and immunotherapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma.
Pre-Surgery Inflammatory and Angiogenesis Biomarkers as Predictors of 12-Month Cancer-Related Distress: Results from the ColoCare Study
Authors: Lindley Clara L. , Gigic Biljana , Peoples Anita R. , Han Claire J. , Lin Tengda , Himbert Caroline , Warby Christy A. , Boehm Juergen , Hardikar Sheetal , Ashworth Anjelica , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Alexis , Schrotz-King Petra , Figueiredo Jane C. , Li Christopher I. , Shibata David , Siegel Erin M. , Toriola Adetunji T. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Syrjala Karen L. , Ose Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients with colorectal cancer commonly suffer from complex psychological distress. Elevated distress may be linked to systemic biomarkers. We investigated associations of biomarkers of inflammation and angiogenesis with cancer-related distress (CTXD) score.

Methods:

N = 315 patients (stage I–IV) from 2 centers of the ColoCare Study were included: Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Heidelberg. Biomarkers (e.g., IL6, VEGF-A, VEGF-D) were measured in serum collected pre-surgery and 12 months thereafter. The CTXD overall score and 4 subscales were collected 12 months after surgery and dichotomized to investigate biomarkers as predictors of distress 12 months after surgery; adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, tumor stage, center, and baseline levels of biomarkers.

Results:

Doubling of IL6 predicted future increased risk of overall distress [odds ratio (OR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.41; P = 0.03]. VEGF-A–predicted future increased risk of high family strain (VEGF-A: OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.44; P = 0.04) and VEGF-D was associated with medical and financial demands (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01–1.74; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to show that systemic biomarkers are significantly associated with future CTXD score. Distress was not measured at baseline; we cannot rule out ongoing associations of inflammation and distress throughout treatment versus a direct effect of inflammation on distress. Nonetheless, these data add to evidence that biobehavioral processes interact and that systemic biomarkers are associated with cancer-related distress one year after surgery.

Impact:

Exercise and diet interventions that lower systemic cytokine levels may impact longer-term CTXD score and improve quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer.
Tumor Dynamic Model-Based Decision Support for Phase Ib/II Combination Studies: A Retrospective Assessment Based on Resampling of the Phase III Study IMpower150
Authors: Bruno René , Marchand Mathilde , Yoshida Kenta , Chan Phyllis , Li Haocheng , Zou Wei , Mercier Francois , Chanu Pascal , Wu Benjamin , Lee Anthony , Li Chunze , Jin Jin Y. , Maitland Michael L. , Reck Martin , Socinski Mark A.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Model-based tumor growth inhibition (TGI) metrics are increasingly incorporated into go/no-go decisions in early clinical studies. To apply this methodology to new investigational combinations requires independent evaluation of TGI metrics in recently completed Phase III trials of effective immunotherapy.

Patients and Methods:

Data were extracted from IMpower150, a positive, randomized, Phase III study of first-line therapy in 1,202 patients with non–small cell lung cancer. We resampled baseline characteristics and longitudinal sum of longest diameters of tumor lesions of patients from both arms, atezolizumab+ bevacizumab+chemotherapy (ABCP) versus BCP, to mimic Phase Ib/II studies of 15 to 40 patients/arm with 6 to 24 weeks follow-up. TGI metrics were estimated using a bi-exponential TGI model. Effect sizes were calculated as TGI metrics ratio of medians (MedR), objective response rate (ORR) difference (d), and progression-free survival (PFS), hazard ratio (HR) between arms. Correct and incorrect go decisions were evaluated as the probability to achieve desired effect sizes in ABCP versus BCP and BCP versus BCP, respectively, across 500 replicated subsamples for each design.

Results:

For 40 patients/24 weeks follow-up, correct go decisions based on probability tumor growth rate (KG) MedR <0.90, dORR >0.10, and PFS HR <0.70 were 83%, 69%, and 58% with incorrect go decision rates of 4%, 12%, and 11%, respectively. For other designs, the ranking did not change with TGI metrics consistently overperforming RECIST endpoints. The predicted overall survival (OS) HR was around 0.80 in most of the scenarios investigated.

Conclusions:

Model-based estimate of KG MedR is an exploratory endpoint that informs early clinical decisions for combination studies.
IL6 Mediates Suppression of T- and NK-cell Function in EMT-associated TKI-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC
Authors: Patel Sonia A. , Nilsson Monique B. , Yang Yan , Le Xiuning , Tran Hai T. , Elamin Yasir Y. , Yu Xiaoxing , Zhang Fahao , Poteete Alissa , Ren Xiaoyang , Shen Li , Wang Jing , Moghaddam Seyed Javad , Cascone Tina , Curran Michael , Gibbons Don L. , Heymach John V.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations are initially responsive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, therapeutic resistance eventually emerges, often via secondary EGFR mutations or EGFR-independent mechanisms such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Treatment options after EGFR-TKI resistance are limited as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors typically display minimal benefit. Given that IL6 is associated with worse outcomes in patients with NSCLC, we investigate whether IL6 in part contributes to this immunosuppressed phenotype.

Experimental Design:

We utilized a syngeneic genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of EGFR-mutant NSCLC to investigate the effects of IL6 on the tumor microenvironment and the combined efficacy of IL6 inhibition and anti-PD-1 therapy. Corresponding in vitro studies used EGFR-mutant human cell lines and clinical specimens.

Results:

We identified that EGFR-mutant tumors which have oncogene-independent acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs were more mesenchymal and had markedly enhanced IL6 secretion. In EGFR-mutant GEMMs, IL6 depletion enhanced activation of infiltrating natural killer (NK)- and T-cell subpopulations and decreased immunosuppressive regulatory T and Th17 cell populations. Inhibition of IL6 increased NK- and T cell–mediated killing of human osimertinib-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC tumor cells in cell culture. IL6 blockade sensitized EGFR-mutant GEMM tumors to PD-1 inhibitors through an increase in tumor-infiltrating IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that IL6 is upregulated in EGFR-mutant NSCLC tumors with acquired EGFR-TKI resistance and suppressed T- and NK-cell function. IL6 blockade enhanced antitumor immunity and efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy warranting future clinical combinatorial investigations.
Endoscopic Laryngopharyngeal Surgery Combined with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection as a Treatment Option for Superficial Hypopharyngeal Cancer with Suspected Synchronous Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Sugimoto Shinya , Fuke Tomohito , Kobayashi Daisuke , Kaneko Mamika , Temma Taishi , Nomura Tatsuma , Tsuda Nobuyuki , Kawabata Mayu , Matsushima Ryutaro , Hisada Hirohisa , Hayashi Satoshi , Murabayashi Toji , Oyamada Jun , Kamei Akira , Fuwa Nobukazu , Yabana Tadashi , Yamada Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Hayato
Published: January 2023

We report 4 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer preoperatively suspected with synchronous lymph node metastases. Pathologic lymph node metastasis was confirmed in three of the four cases. All 4 cases underwent endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery (ELPS) combined with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and subsequent lymph node dissection as an optional treatment rather than the standard treatment. Peroral resection for primary site was selected because of the expected decline in quality of life (QoL) after radical surgery. Among 4 patients, one developed local recurrence; however, the other three remained recurrence-free and survived without any additional treatment. Furthermore, the patient who developed local recurrence had a recurrence-free survival for more than 5 years, with additional chemoradiation therapy. No disorders in speech, swallowing, or breathing was observed during the follow-up period. ELPS combined with ESD is generally indicated for laryngopharyngeal cancer without synchronous lymph node metastasis. However, this can be a treatment option for patients may wish to preserve a greater QoL after treatment. In the future, when more data on the results and long-term prognosis of this treatment are accumulated, it may be possible to discuss its validity further.
A Case of Foldable Artificial Iris Implantation for Treatment of Postcataract Surgery Aniridia
Authors: Watanabe Norihiro , Kobayakawa Shinichiro
Published: January 2023

We report an approach for managing acquired aniridia induced by intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) during cataract surgery. An 81-year-old man with right blurred vision and photophobia symptoms was treated for extensive iris defects due to cataract surgery aniridia. The retained iris for the patient was observed at the 5–10 o’clock position, with the intraocular lens (IOL) inside the capsular bag. Although the aniridia symptoms were successfully addressed by the implantation of a foldable artificial iris (Iris Prosthesis: Ophtec [formerly Reper], Groningen, the Netherlands), the procedure subsequently caused endothelial damage. In summary, while the utilization of the foldable artificial iris can improve aniridia symptoms, further advances in the insertion technique are required.
The Utility of Preoperative Serum CA125 Combined with HE4 to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Prueksaritanond Nisa , Angsathapon Sansanee , Insin Putsarat
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic performance of the serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), a combination of CA125 and HE4, and a risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in the preoperative prediction of high-risk lymph node metastasis (LMN) in patients with early stage endometrial cancer (EC). Designs: This is a cross-sectional study. Participants/Materials, Setting, and Methods: A cross-sectional study of data for patients with early stage endometrioid EC treated surgically at Rajavithi Hospital between April 2020 and April 2021 was commenced. The preoperative serum levels of CA125 and HE4 were measured and analyzed. The ROC curves were generated to determine the optimal cutoff values of CA125, HE4, and ROMA with optimum sensitivity and specificity for predicting LMN. Results: Eighty-six patients with surgically staged EC were identified. Lymph node involvement was detected in 9 patients (10.5%). The median serum CA125, HE4, and ROMA levels were significantly higher in EC patients having LMN than in those who did not (p < 0.05). Based on the ROC curve, both serum markers showed good discrimination for the prediction of LMN, with an optimal cutoff value of 35 U/mL for CA125 (AUC 0.789, 95% CI; 0.647–0.932), 200 pMol/L for HE4 (AUC 0.825, 95% CI; 0.700–0.950), and 60% for ROMA (AUC 0.856, 95% CI; 0.720–0.982). Additionally, HE4 showed the highest sensitivity, whereas the combination of CA125 and HE4 had the highest specificity. Limitations: The lack of ultra-staging might have been an important issue in underestimating the rate of nodal metastasis in low-risk patients and made the number of patients who developed LMN low (10.5%) in this study. Conclusions: The preoperative combined CA125 and HE4 levels are associated with an increased risk of having LMN in patients with early stage EC. This biomarker panel can guide identifying EC patients who might most benefit from lymphadenectomy.
Un programme exemplaire de collaboration scientifique international : le projet USP-COFECUB PICE&LEF
Authors: Dubreuil Vincent , Nedelec Vincent , De Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida
Published: January 2023

Cet article fait le bilan du projet CAPES-COFECUB sur les Politiques publiques et Impacts des Changements climatiques à l'Echelle régionale & Locale sur les Espaces Fragiles, co-dirigé par Neli de Mello-Théry de 2011 à 2014. Il rappelle que ce projet s’intègre dans une coopération plus vaste entre Neli et Rennes 2, qui a commencé dès 2000 et s’est prolongé jusqu’en 2021. Les missions, séminaires, les nombreuses publications et co-orientations communes montrent la richesse et l’exemplarité de cette coopération internationale qui doit beaucoup à sa personnalité.
Movimentos Sociais, Ambiente e Governança Urbana Democrática
Authors: Silva Alessandro Soares da
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo mobiliza temas que permearam a vida e a obra da Geógrafa Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry (1955-2021). Movimentos sociais, ambiente e governança urbana democrática compõem sua leitura da gestão ambiental e dos territórios e da territorialidade, no instante que esses elementos são produtos de relações de poder. Nesse ensaio escrito para homenageá-la, procuramos inspirar-nos nos elementos que fundamentaram sua forma de pensar e produzir a realidade. O texto está composto de três partes na qual refletimos sobre o lugar dos movimentos sociais e do ambiente na produção de modelos de governança do território que sejam capazes de valorizar a participação e aprofundar a experiência democrática.
Quando a Borboleta Voa em Direção ao Infinito
Authors: Mello Camilla de , Mello Bruno Santiago , Mello Rafael Augusto
Published: January 2023

Os textos que seguem são firmados pelos três filhos de Neli e são mensages por eles feitas em três ocasiões. O primeiro é o texto que Camila Mello compartilhou em 21 de maio de 2021 durante o evento de homenagem à Neli realizado virtualmente no Instituto de Estudos Avançados “Entre Geografias e Ambientes: reflexões sobre a vida e a obra de Neli Aparecida”. O segundo texto é a homenagem feita por Camila, Bruno e Rafael durante a Cerimônia das Cinzas que ocorreu dia 23 de abril de 2021, ocasião na qual Neli foi ao encontro das águas límpidas de um rio normando. Por fim, o terceiro texto, em tom poético, é uma óde a sua mãe, mulher guerreira da qual se despedem ao mesmo tempo que recordam seu amor e sabedoria.
Investigating Reasons for Disagreement in Natural Language Inference
Authors: Jiang Nan-Jiang , Marneffe Marie-Catherine de
Published: January 2023

We investigate how disagreement in natural language inference (NLI) annotation arises. We developed a taxonomy of disagreement sources with 10 categories spanning 3 high- level classes. We found that some disagreements are due to uncertainty in the sentence meaning, others to annotator biases and task artifacts, leading to different interpretations of the label distribution. We explore two modeling approaches for detecting items with potential disagreement: a 4-way classification with a “Complicated” label in addition to the three standard NLI labels, and a multilabel classification approach. We found that the multilabel classification is more expressive and gives better recall of the possible interpretations in the data.
Gentrification in the Command Economy: A Story of Pyongyang Metropolitan Area in North Korea
Authors: Ki Junghoon , Lee Shihyo , Ki Yoonhee
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: Gentrification generally refers to changes in residents or operators in neighborhoods by investment in capital, a phenomenon in which wealthy or young professionals replace existing residents or operators in socioeconomic terms. Although conducted mainly in capitalist cities, some studies dealt with socialist systems or state-led gentrification. We intended to demonstrate the gentrification in North Korean by examining the cases of the socialist system and state-led gentrification and looking at urban development and urban space restructuring in Pyongyang Metropolitan Area in North Korea.Methods: To build up methodological framework of the study, we reviewed previous literature that deals with gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist systems, and state-led planning. About the gentrification phenomenon in North Korea, we examined secondary data of North Korea refugee interviews with North Korea government documents and research papers about Pyongyang's building and real estate development. Then, we compared gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist systems (or state-led planning), and North Korea.Results: Gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist system and North Korea differs in their enabling conditions, gentrifying agents, gentrifiers, and processes. National and local governments, usually with the North Korea communist party, play a leading role as gentrifying agents through their public policy. In the gentrification processes, there is an increasing gap between rich and poor and spatial separation between them, especially when displaced households being pushed out of town in North Korea.Conclusion: Urban development and apartment construction in Pyongyang shows the possibility of developing into existing gentrification, and if the private sector that leads gentrification occurs and at the same time, spatial replacement by privileged or upper classes appears, it will be clear that it is a kind of gentrification under the command economy.
A Plan and Strategy on Garden Creation for National Garden Designation: Focused on Worasan Garden in Jinju, South Korea
Authors: Park Jin Sil , Huh Keun Young , Kim Inhea , Jung Hyunjong , Heo Hyuncheol , Im Sukjo , Choi Kyoung Ok
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: This study was conducted to establish a plan and promotion strategies for designating Worasan Garden in Jinju as a national garden.Methods: First, we examined the legal designation requirements and related regulations of national gardens through literature reviews, field investigations, and interviews regarding Suncheonman National Garden and Taehwagang National Garden, which were designated. We also conducted case studies on the organizational structure for national garden designation in terms of administration; spatial composition, major plant materials, and facilities in terms of garden planning; operating hours, management/operation organizations, and other garden characteristics in terms of operation.Results: The concept and designation requirements of national gardens are set by law. Worasan Garden is located in the gentle mountain area of Worasan, where forests damaged by forest fires in the past were restored by the voluntary effort of citizens, and is connected to four villages with the rural landscape. By converging the climate and vegetation of the southern region with the mountain topography, rural culture, and historical resources, Worasan Garden can be planned as a national garden with differentiation and identity. To effectively promote national garden designation, it is first necessary to hold garden expansion campaigns such as citizen publicity and garden education to obtain citizens' positive awareness, support, and participation. The garden hinterland must be designated as a green district to prevent sprawl. Cooperation with local residents, experts, and related organizations, as well as training in human resources, are also needed. Events such as a garden expo are required to improve the image. There must also be garden publicity and marketing as well as regional tourism. It is also necessary to establish garden-related ordinances and integrated plans.Conclusion: The Jinju government must first register Worasan Garden as a local garden. It is necessary to establish a creation plan and implementation strategies to meet the requirements for national garden designation from the point where preparations are made for a local garden. The garden must be planned and designed so that it has an identity as a national garden and is differentiated from others by combining the symbol of forest restoration in Worasan Mountain, the characteristics of the forest landscape in the southern region, and the image of urban countryside villages that represent the historical and cultural resources of Jinju. The implementation strategies require a bottom-up resident participation plan by obtaining positive awareness, support, and participation of citizens for national gardens, establishing laws and systems, and performing administrative or financial tasks.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Indoor PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations in Households using IoT Technology after Indoor Garden Installation
Authors: Yang Ho Hyeong , Kwak Min-Jung , Kim Kwang-Jin , Kim Ho-Hyun
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: Plants are a natural and environmentally friendly way to improve indoor air quality. To evaluate indoor air quality, it is important to continuously measure and identify the influencing factors. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting PM2.5 concentration in indoor spaces with indoor garden installations.Methods: Factors influencing the concentration of indoor, airborne PM2.5 were monitored based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Ten households in South Korea were surveyed and categorized into Groups A (households without an indoor garden) and B (households with an indoor garden). An IoT-based device was used to monitor the indoor PM2.5 concentration and several environmental factors, including the outdoor PM2.5 (µg⋅m-3) and carbon dioxide (mL⋅m-3) concentrations, temperature (°C), and relative humidity (%). Further, the seasonal (spring, summer, fall, and winter) and temporal (dawn, morning, afternoon, and evening) variations in indoor PM2.5 concentration were monitored.Results: The indoor PM2.5 concentration decreased from 17.7 µg⋅m-3 to 16.7 µg⋅m-3, and from 15.5 µg⋅m-3 to 12.5 µg⋅m-3 in Groups A and B, respectively. A regression analysis showed that the indoor PM2.5 concentration was not significantly affected by the installation of the indoor garden (living rooms: p = .1577; kitchen: p = .4974); however, was influenced by the outdoor air conditions, as well as seasonal and temporal factors. Additionally, a subgrouping model demonstrated a statistical relationship between indoor garden installation and the environmental factors.Conclusion: These findings can assist in establishing guidelines for indoor air quality management.
Effects of Bed Soils and Plant Growth Regulators on Root Growth of Hibiscus syriacus L.
Authors: Shin Jung Won , Yoon Hyun Won , Hong Yong Sik , Ahn Chang Ho , Kim Yeoung Ryul , Kim Jung Min , Yun Sae Mi , Nam Jae Ik
Published: January 2023

Background and objective: As the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the entire world and people found themselves spending more time at home, many households began gardening, and purchased various ornamental plants. Many cultivars of Hibiscus syriacus are grown for their showy flowers, or used as landscape shrubs. H. syriacus is generally known for its high rate of asexual reproduction. However, it is known that the effectiveness of propagation by cuttings can have big differences depending on internal and external factors. This study was conducted to determine the effects of optimal rooting bed soil composition and auxin on the rooting of H. syriacus cuttings.Methods: Cuttings used in this study were from 17 cultivars. As types of bed soil for propagation by cutting, gardening bed soil, sand, mixed soil 1, and mixed soil 2 were used, and the plant growth regulators of IBA and NAA were applied at 500, 1000, and 1500 mg⋅L-1 concentrations.Results: The rooting rate and number of roots were highest with the combination of perlite and vermiculite. On the other hand, the gardening bed soil showed an extremely low rooting percentage. The root growth was improved in most cultivars when treated by plant growth regulator. The highest rooting rate was verified at IBA 500 mg⋅L-1 treatment while the number of roots and root length showed good result in IBA 1500 mg⋅L-1 treatment.Conclusion: In many cultivars, it was observed that the rooting rate and number of roots differed depending on the bed soil. The most suitable bed soil for the cuttings was a mixture of peat moss and vermiculite, and it was possible to increase the efficiency through treatment with a growth regulator, and the efficiency of IBA was better than that of NAA. However, it is necessary to identify which detailed growth regulator treatment is suitable for the root development of each cultivar, because plant growth regulator was less effective and even problematic in some cultivars.