bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Path to the Canadian Antidote Registry
Authors: Dubé Pierre-André
Published: April 2018

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Becoming United through Core Values
Authors: Saulnier Lauza
Published: April 2018

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The strengthening relationship between Eurasian snow cover and December haze days in central North China after the mid-1990s
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Wang Huijun
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The haze pollution in December has become increasingly serious over recent decades and imposes damage on society, ecosystems, and human health. In addition to anthropogenic emissions, climate change and variability were conducive to haze in China. In this study, the relationship between the snow cover over eastern Europe and western Siberia (SCES) and the number of haze days in December in central North China was analyzed. This relationship significantly strengthened after the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the effective connections between the SCES and the Eurasian atmospheric circulations. During 1998–2016, the SCES significantly influenced the soil moisture and land surface radiation, and then the combined underlying drivers of enhanced soil moisture and radiative cooling moved the the East Asia jet stream northward and induced anomalous, anti-cyclonic circulation over central North China. Modulated by such atmospheric circulations, the local lower boundary layer, the decreased surface wind, and the more humid air were conducive to the worsening dispersion conditions and frequent haze occurrences. In contrast, from 1979 to 1997, the linkage between the SCES and soil moisture was negligible. Furthermore, the correlated radiative cooling was distributed narrowly and far from the key area of snow cover. The associated atmospheric circulations with the SCES were not significantly linked with the ventilation conditions over central North China. Consequently, the relationship between the SCES and the number of hazy days in central North China was insignificant before the mid-1990s but has strengthened and has become significant since then.
Aircraft-based observations of isoprene epoxydiol-derived
secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) in the tropical upper
troposphere over the Amazon region
Authors: Schulz Christiane , Schneider Johannes , Amorim Holanda Bruna , Appel Oliver , Costa Anja , de Sá Suzane S. , Dreiling Volker , Fütterer Daniel , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Klimach Thomas , Krämer Martina , Martin Scot T. , Mertes Stephan , Pöhlker Mira L. , Sauer Daniel , Voigt Christiane , Weinzierl Bernadett , Ziereis Helmut , Zöger Martin , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Machado Luiz A. T. , Pöschl Ulrich , Wendisch Manfred , Borrmann Stephan
Published: April 2018

Abstract. During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA field project (September–October 2014; based in Manaus, Brazil) aircraft-based in-situ measurements of aerosol chemical composition were conducted in the tropical troposphere over the Amazon using the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), covering altitudes from the boundary layer height up to 14.4 km. The submicron non-refractory aerosol was characterized by flash-vaporization/electron impact-ionization aerosol particle mass spectrometry. The results show that significant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by isoprene oxidation products occurs in the upper troposphere, leading to increased organic aerosol mass concentrations above 10 km altitude. The median organic mass concentrations in the upper troposphere above 10 km range between 1.0 and 2.1 μg m−3 (referring to standard temperature and pressure; STP) with interquartile ranges of 0.6 to 3.0 μg m−3 (STP), representing 70 % of the total submicron non-refractory aerosol particle mass. The presence of isoprene epoxydiol-derived isoprene secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) was confirmed by marker peaks in the mass spectra. We estimate the contribution of IEPOX-SOA to the total organic aerosol in the upper troposphere to be about 20 %. After isoprene emission from vegetation, oxidation processes occur at low altitudes and/or during transport to higher altitudes, which may lead to the formation of IEPOX (one oxidation product of isoprene). Reactive uptake or condensation of IEPOX on pre-existing particles leads to IEPOX-SOA formation and subsequently increasing organic mass in the upper troposphere. This organic mass increase was accompanied by an increase of the nitrate mass concentrations, most likely due to NOx production by lightning. We further found that the ammonium contained in the aerosol particles is not sufficient to neutralize the particulate sulfate and nitrate. Analysis of the ion ratio of NO+ to NO2+ indicated that nitrate in the upper troposphere exists mainly in the form of organic nitrate. IEPOX-SOA and organic nitrates are coincident with each other, indicating that IEPOX-SOA forms in the upper troposphere either on acidic nitrate particles forming organic nitrates derived from IEPOX or on already neutralized organic nitrate aerosol particles.
Negligible isotopic fractionation of nitrogen within temperate Zostera spp. meadows
Authors: Russell Douglas G. , Wong Wei Wen , Cook Perran L. M.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Seagrass meadows form an ecologically important ecosystem in the coastal zone. Excessive nitrogen inputs to the coastal zone pose a key threat to seagrass through eutrophication and associated algal overgrowth. The 15N / 14N ratio of seagrass is commonly used to assess extent to which sewage derived nitrogen may be influencing seagrass beds. There have however, been no studies comparing the 15N / 14N ratios of seagrass beds, their associated sediments and of critical importance, the porewater NH4+ pool, which is most bioavailable. Here, we undertook a study of the 15N / 14N ratios of seagrass tissue, sediment porewater NH4+ pool and the sediment solid phase to elucidate the extent of any fractionating processes taking place during organic matter mineralisation and nitrogen assimilation. The study was undertaken within two coastal embayments known to receive nitrogen from a range of sources including marine, urban and sewage sources. The δ15N of porewater ammonium was strongly correlated with the δ15N of both the sediment solid phase and seagrass tissue (r2 of 0.89 and 0.85) respectively. The δ15N porewater NH4+ minus the δ15N seagrass tissue ranged between −1.4 and 7 ‰ with an average 1.6 ‰. We suggest the most likely explanation for this was fractionation during assimilation as a consequence of diffusion limitation, although the magnitude of this change was relatively small. Nitrogen fixation may have also contributed a small amount to the observed isotopic depletion of the plants relative to the sediment porewater NH4+ pool. A consideration of the nitrogen isotope values of the seagrass bed nitrogen pools compared to external sources suggest the dominant source of nitrogen to seagrass is recycling from within the bed, with a relatively small contribution from water column assimilation, particulate trapping and nitrogen fixation.
Faunal carbon flows in the abyssal plain food web of the Peru Basin have not recovered during 26 years from an experimental sediment disturbance
Authors: Stratmann Tanja , Lins Lidia , Purser Autun , Marcon Yann , Rodrigues Clara F. , Ravara Ascensão , Cunha Marina R. , Simon-Lledó Erik , Jones Daniel O. B. , Sweetman Andrew K. , Köser Kevin , van Oevelen Dick
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Future deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules in abyssal plains will impact the benthic ecosystem, but it is largely unclear whether this ecosystem will be able to recover from mining disturbance and if so, at what time scale and to which extent. In 1989, during the "DISturbance and reCOLonization" (DISCOL) experiment, a total of 22 % of the surface within a 10.8 km2 large circular area of the nodule-rich seafloor in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) was ploughed to bury nodules and mix the surface sediment. This area was revisited 0.1, 0.5, 3, 7, and 26 years after the disturbance to assess macrofauna, megafauna and fish density and diversity. We used this unique abyssal faunal time series to develop carbon-based food web models for disturbed (sediment inside the plough tracks) and undisturbed (sediment inside the experimental area, but outside the plough tracks) sites. We developed a linear inverse model (LIM) to resolve carbon flows between 7 different feeding types within macrofauna, megafauna and fish. The total faunal biomass was always higher at the undisturbed sites compared to the disturbed sites and 26 years post-disturbance the biomass at the disturbed sites was only 54 % of the biomass at undisturbed sites. Fish and sub-surface deposit feeders experienced a particularly large temporal variability in biomass and model-reconstructed respiration rates making it difficult to determine disturbance impacts. Deposit feeders were least affected by the disturbance, with respiration, external predation and excretion levels only reduced by 2.6 % in the sediments disturbed 26-years ago compared with undisturbed areas. In contrast, the respiration rate of filter and suspension feeders was still 79.5 % lower after 26 years when comparing the same sites. The "total system throughput" (T..), i.e. the total sum of carbon flows in the food web, was always higher at undisturbed sites compared to the corresponding disturbed sites and was lowest at disturbed sites directly after the disturbance (8.63 × 10−3 ± 1.58 × 10−5 mmol C m−2 d−1). Therefore, 26 years after the DISCOL disturbance, the throughput discrepancy between the undisturbed and the disturbed sediment was still 56 %. From these results we conclude that C cycling within the fauna compartments of an abyssal plain ecosystem remains reduced 26 years after physical disturbance, and that a longer period of time is required for the system to recover from such a simulated small scale deep-sea mining experimental disturbance.
Effective surveyed area and its role in statistical landslide susceptibility assessments
Authors: Bornaetxea Txomin , Rossi Mauro , Marchesini Ivan , Alvioli Massimiliano
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Geomorphological field mapping is a conventional method to prepare landslide inventories. The approach is typically hampered by the accessibility and visibility, during field campaigns for landslide mapping, of the different portions of the study area. Statistical significance of landlside susceptibility maps can be significantly reduced if the classification algorithm is trained in unsurveyed regions of the study area, for which landslide absence is tipically assumed, while ingnorance about landslide presence should actually be aknowledged. We compare different landslide susceptibility zonations obtained by training the classification model either in the entire study area or in the only portion of the area that was actually surveyed, which we name effective surveyed area. The latter was delineated by an automatic procedure specifically devised for the purpose, which uses information gathered during surveys, along with landslide locations. The method was tested in Gipuzkoa Province (Basque Country), North of the Iberian Peninsula, where digital thematic maps were available and a landslide survey was performed. We prepared the landslide susceptibility maps and the associated uncertainty within a logistic regression model, using both slope units and regular grid cells as reference mapping unit. Results indicate that the use of effective surveyed area for landslide susceptibility zonation is a valid approach to minimize the limitations stemming from unsurveyed regions at landslide mapping time. Use of slope units as mapping units, instead of grid cells, mitigates the uncertainties introduced by training the automatic classifier within the entire study area. Our method pertains to data preparation and, as such, the relevance of our conclusions is not limited to the logistic regression but are valid for virtually all the existing multivariate landslide susceptibility models.
Existing Without Consent: American History and the Judge in Cormac McCarthy'sBlood Meridian
Authors: Brown Lauren
Published: April 2018

This article offers a New Americanist reading that unites the theoretical implications of violence with its political effects to explain how some “ungrievable,” unassimilable populations not only survived historical violence like that which McCarthy chronicles in Blood Meridian, but persisted—even into the present—as living testimonials whose very existence contradicts the implicit narrative created by the judge and the exceptionalist U.S. social, political, and historical narrative he symbolically records and controls. The author argues that McCarthy's novel offers insight about how subaltern counternarratives are possible despite the judge's totalizing gaze and control. Furthermore, it illustrates how autonomous individuals like the kid can evade the violence of the nation-state's totalizing power by refusing to consent to their own subjection.
Unconditional Accounting Conservatism and Real Earnings Management
Authors: Li Han
Published: April 2018

This research examines the relationship between unconditional accounting conservatism and real earnings management in China’s corporations. Using the regression models, the real earnings management proxies are found by the abnormal cash flow of operations, the abnormal operation costs and the abnormal discretionary expenses and the aggregated measures. The research sheds light on the negative relationship between unconditional accounting conservatism and real earnings management after controlling internal control quality and audit risk. The results of these inferences remain the same after dealing with the robustness analysis and the endogeneity concerns.
Production-Oriented Approach and Its Implications for the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Skills in College English Instruction in Mainland China
Authors: Ren Junhong , Wang Na
Published: April 2018

Absence of critical thinking skills is perceived to be a growing problem among many university students. The production-oriented approach, an initiative to college English instruction reform in mainland China, may offer a better solution to this problem. To cultivate critical thinking skills under this approach, reforms have to be implemented in teaching objectives, teaching materials, teaching approaches and assessment.
“Mapping for Rights”: Indigenous Peoples, Litigation and Legal Empowerment
Authors: Gilbert Jeremie , Begbie-Clench Ben
Published: April 2018

“Mapping for Rights”: Indigenous Peoples, Litigation and Legal Empowerment

In the process of adjudication and litigation, indigenous peoples are usually facing a very complex and demanding process to prove their rights to their lands and ancestral territories. Courts and tribunals usually impose a very complex and onerous burden of proof on the indigenous plaintiffs to prove their rights over their ancestral territories. To prove their rights indigenous peoples often have to develop map of their territories to prove their economic, cultural, and spiritual connections to their territories. This article reflects on the role played by the mapping of indigenous territories in supporting indigenous peoples’ land claims. It analyses the importance of mapping within the process of litigation, but also its the impact beyond the courtroom.
Aboriginal Title and Alternative Cartographies
Authors: Anker Kirsten
Published: April 2018

Aboriginal Title and Alternative Cartographies

Indigenous claims have challenged a number of orthodoxies within state legal systems, one of them being the kinds of proof that can be admissible. In Canada, the focus has been on the admissibility and weight of oral traditions and histories. However, these novel forms are usually taken as alternative means of proving a set of facts that are not in themselves “cultural”, for example, the occupation by a group of people of an area of land that constitutes Aboriginal title. On this view, maps are a neutral technology for representing culturally different interests within those areas. Through Indigenous land use studies, claimants have been able to deploy the powerful symbolic capital of cartography to challenge dominant assumptions about “empty” land and the kinds of uses to which it can be put. There is a risk, though, that Indigenous understandings of land are captured or misrepresented by this technology, and that what appears neutral is in fact deeply implicated in the colonial project and occidental ideas of property. This paper will explore the possibilities for an alternative cartography suggested by digital technologies, by Indigenous artists, and by maps beyond the visual order.
Adjudication and Its Aftereffects in Three Inter-American Court Cases Brought against Paraguay: Indigenous Land Rights
Authors: Correia Joel E.
Published: April 2018

Adjudication and Its Aftereffects in Three Inter-American Court Cases Brought against Paraguay: Indigenous Land Rights

This paper examines three Inter-American Court (IACtHR) cases on behalf of the Enxet-Sur and Sanapana claims for communal territory in Paraguay. I argue that while the adjudication of the cases was successful, the aftereffects of adjudication have produced new legal geographies that threaten to undermine the advances made by adjudication. Structured in five parts, the paper begins with an overview of the opportunities and challenges to Indigenous rights in Paraguay followed by a detailed discussion of the adjudication of the Yakye Axa, Sawhoyamaxa, and Xákmok Kásek cases. Next, I draw from extensive ethnographic research investigating these cases in Paraguay to consider how implementation actually takes place and with what effects on the three claimant communities. The paper encourages a discussion between geographers and legal scholars, suggesting that adjudication only leads to greater social justice if it is coupled with effective and meaningful implementation.
“Don’t Drink the Water”: The Camp Lejeune Water Contamination Incident
Authors: Beckley-Jackson Laurel
Published: April 2018

From 1953 until 1987, an estimated one million Marines and their families at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, were exposed to drinking water contaminated with several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) known to cause cancer and other serious health conditions.1 From the time of detection in 1980 until a Congressional mandate in 2007, the Marine Corps made little to no effort to notify the affected veterans and their families of the potential for health problems, and failed to fully disclose the true extent of the contamination.
ALA Midwinter Meeting Highlights
Authors: Government Documents Round Table GODORT
Published: April 2018

Under old business there were two bylaws amendments passed by Steering that were presented to Membership. The first was to create the possibility for Interest Groups within GODORT. There was some concern about the make-up of Steering if all the task forces move to become interest groups. This motion carried. The second amendment was for the creation of a Virtual Meetings Coordinator position. This motion carried.
Notice to GODORT Membership: Vote to Amend the GODORT Bylaws
Authors: Government Documents Round Table GODORT
Published: April 2018

At the GODORT General Membership meeting at the 2017 ALA Conference, the membership will be asked to vote on the following proposed additions (and amendments) to the current GODORT Bylaws. These would provide for a “Bylaws and Organization Coordinator.” This new officer would supplant the current Bylaws and Organization standing Committee and perform the current functions of the Committee, as defined in the GODORT Bylaws [Article XI. Amendments] and in Chapter 13 of the GODORT Policies and Procedures Manual. The underlined text will be added to Article IV (Officers), Section 1 and Section 8 [The current Section 8, which defines the GODORT Special Officers, will be re-numbered Section 9] and to Article VII (Executive Committee). Article IX (Policies and Procedures) and Article XI (Amendments), Sections 2 and 3 will need to be harmonized, to reflect substitution in the Bylaws of “Bylaws and Organization Coordinator” for references to the Bylaws Committee and Chair of the Bylaws Committee:
2017 GODORT Reception and Awards Ceremony
Authors: Government Documents Round Table GODORT
Published: April 2018

James Bennett Childs AwardProQuest/GODORT/ALA “Documents to the People” AwardBernadine Abbott Hoduski Founders Award2017 Margaret T. Lane/Virginia F. Saunders Memorial Research AwardNewsBank/Readex/GODORT/ALA Catharine J. ReynoldsW. David Rozkuszka ScholarshipLarry Romans Mentorship Award
By the Numbers: Economic Data Revisions: What They Are and Where to Find Them
Authors: Stierholz Katrina
Published: April 2018

Economic data is being revised often. On the first Friday of every month,the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes its Employment Situation Summary. This report describes the state of employment in the United States and two highly anticipated (and media-watched) employment numbers: The Unemployment Rate and Total Nonfarm Payroll Employment. The Unemployment Rate is based on a survey of persons who report they are seeking work but are not employed. The Payroll Employment Data are based on firms’ reports of the number of people employed. Economists and others carefully watch the rise (or fall) of the total nonfarm payroll employment data. These data are a fundamental reflection of current economic conditions and a significant rise or fall will, in turn, influences economic decision-making by businesses and government.
Editor's Corner
Authors: Psyck Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

I’ve been avoiding writing this “Editor’s Corner” for a while because I’m in the midst of a major case of writer’s block. I haven’t written much of anything in a while, for work or fun, and sitting down to write this was daunting. There’s a bit of irony in admitting that I’m dealing with writer’s block when I rely on all of you to overcome your own version and submit papers to me, but I like to think that I’m keeping it real by being open about my own professional struggles. Writing is HARD.
Let’s Tell a Story!
Authors: Laster Shari
Published: April 2018

A picture is worth a thousand words.” Thanks to DttP editor Elizabeth Psyck’s recent, extensive research into cat pictures, I am taking the opportunity to write about a pair of photographs.
GODORT Steering Reflector Minutes
Authors: Psyck Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

The Bylaws Committee created an amendment to the bylaws to create a Bylaws Organization Coordinator—we are replacing the bylaws committee with the Bylaws Coordinator—an elected position with membership on Steering and Exec. It can be read here: http://wikis.ala.org/godort/images/f/f5/GODORT_Bylaws_Addendum_-Bylaws_and_Organization_Coordinator-_%283%29.pdf.
From the Chair: Theory, Practice, Experience
Authors: Laster Shari
Published: April 2018

Libraries exist because people make decisions and take actions based on a framework of practice that is informed by theory and experience. Research in the library world can build on any or all of these elements: understanding former and existing practices, identifying potential new models for our work, engaging with conceptual models from other disciplines and arenas, or articulating a vision for the future that matches the values we hold today.
The Legacy of Korematsu: A Story of Confinement and Vindication, As Told through Archival Documents
Authors: Maitland Michael
Published: April 2018

In February 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order No. 9066 authorizing the exclusion of certain citizens from the west coast of the United States. That order began a cascade of other measures that culminated in the displacement and internment of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans and people of Japanese ancestry. Fred Korematsu, a native-born citizen of the United States and resident of California challenged the legality of the order in a series of cases and appeals that eventually ascended to the US Supreme Court. In the culmination of those disputes, Korematsu v. United States (hereinafter “Korematsu I”), the Supreme Court upheld his conviction.
Campus Crime Reporting Under the Clery Act
Authors: Holder Rachel
Published: April 2018

The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act mandates that institutions of higher education report crimes statistics to the public and the Department of Education (DOE) in order to receive federal financial aid. This requirement led to a proliferation of data that was initially difficult to access or incorrectly reported. Recent efforts by the DOE and institutions of higher education to make this information available to the public led to access through government and university websites.
News: Updates
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Freedom to Read Foundation Report to Council: 2016 Midwinter Meeting, BostonALA Intellectual Freedom Committee Report to Council: 2016 Midwinter Meeting, BostonResolution for Restoring Civil Liberties and Opposing MAss SurveillanceUser Generated Content in Library Discovery Systems: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights
News: Censorship Dateline
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libaries, Schools, Student Press, Periodical, Foreign
News: From the Bench
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

US Supreme Court, Colleges and Universities, Surveillance, Professional Speech, Texting, Trademark
The Second Issue!
Authors: Jones Barbara
Published: April 2018

Thank you for your positive response to the first issue. We are particularly happy with your feedback on how to shape this publication as we move forward. Franklin Roberts’s thoughtful opinion piece urges discussion and collaboration on analyzing free speech issues, both theoretical and practical. If any of our readers want to grab a topic and turn it inside out with their colleagues, we would welcome it!
People Behaving Badly, or Can We Get an Adult in the Room?
Authors: LaRue James
Published: April 2018

Shut Up! (self-published 2016; ISBN 978-1-5333-8233-7) is a self-published book about a war between authors Megan Fox and Kevin DuJan and the Orland Park Public Library (OPPL)—except mostly, it isn’t. That modest story really doesn’t require 651 pages. On this topic, in the words attributed to Ambrose Bierce, “The covers of this book are too far apart.”What does fill the pages, then? There are many words of praise for people hailed as “great conservatives, writers, and pundits” such as Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, and Andrew Breitbart (to whom the book is dedicated). On the other hand, the authors believe that even the people they describe as good, honest, unfailingly truth-seeking conservative talk radio hosts are just too timid to withstand the oppressive, unscrupulous importunities of the liberal left. Welcome, again, to the culture wars.
News: From the Bench
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Net Neutrality, Privacy, Schools, Student Press, University, Church and State
We’ve Come a Long Way (Baby)! Or Have We?: Evolving Intellectual Freedom Issues in the United States and Florida
Authors: Cooper L. Bryan , Beman-Cavallaro A.D.
Published: April 2018

This paper analyzes a shifting landscape of intellectual freedom (IF) in and outside Florida for children, adolescents, teens, and adults. National ideals stand in tension with local and state developments as new threats are visible in historical, legal, and technological context. Examples include doctrinal shifts, legislative bills, electronic surveillance, and recent attempts to censor books, classroom texts, and reading lists.
Censorship Dateline
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libraries, Schools, Colleges and Univserities, U.S. Government, Prisons, Art, Foreign
How to Get Free HTTPS Certificates from Let's Encrypt
Authors: Robinson Mike
Published: April 2018

There has been a push by many organizations in recent years to move all websites from non-secure HTTP to the more secure HTTPS protocol. Let's Encrypt is a new certificate authority that provides both free HTTPS certificates and tools to easily install them.  Let's Encrypt can be easily installed on a variety of library servers.  Vendors and content providers in the library world should begin integrating support for Let's Encrypt into their products and services.
Privacy Policies and Practices with Cloud-Based Services in Public Libraries: An Exploratory Case of BiblioCommons
Authors: Kritikos Katie Chamberlain , Zimmer Michael
Published: April 2018

Public libraries are increasingly turning to cloud-based and Library 2.0 solutions to provide patrons more user-focused, interactive, and social platforms from which to explore and use library resources.  These platforms – such as BiblioCommons – often rely on the collection and aggregation of patron data, and have the potential to disrupt longstanding ethical norms within librarianship dedicated to protecting patron privacy.  This article reports on the results of a pilot research study investigating how libraries are implementing third-party cloud computing services, how these implementations might impact patron privacy, and how libraries are responding to these concerns.  The results of this research provide insights to guide the development of a set of best practices for future implementations of cloud-based Library 2.0 platforms in public library settings.
Review of Protecting Patron Privacy: A LITA Guide
Authors: Leon Rudy
Published: April 2018

Review of the book Protecting Patron Privacy: A LITA Guide
Beyond Compliance: Students and FERPA in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Parks Cecelia
Published: April 2018

Privacy is governed by an array of laws in the United States, and this paper examines one facet of privacy regulation: the privacy of students’ academic records. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) protects the privacy of these records, but how do students understand their rights under FERPA, especially with the development of big-data and learning-analytics technologies that demand unprecedented sharing of student data? This paper begins to answer that question by examining existing literature on privacy in general and with regards to FERPA specifically. It suggests that FERPA places most of the power in controlling student data in the hands of educational institutions but is ultimately unable to address many legal and ethical concerns around current uses of student data. FERPA’s ineffectiveness makes it imperative that students understand their rights and are able to protect their own privacy, yet many students are probably not fully aware of their rights and privileges under FERPA. However, further empirical research is needed to explore exactly how students understand their FERPA rights and the implications of student perceptions of academic privacy.
Thoughts of an Accidental Librarian
Authors: Doyle Robert
Published: April 2018

Remarks by Robert Doyle on receipt of the John Phillip Immroth Award"It takes time, energy, and thought to nominate someone for an award and I would like to thank Allen Lanham, Pattie Piotrowski, and David J. Seleb for submitting successfully my name. I am honored to receive the Immroth award and deeply appreciative of their efforts."
Addressing Intellectual Freedom and Privacy in Education
Authors: Zimmer Michael
Published: April 2018

In her feature article, “Indoctrination and Common Sense Interpretation of Texts: The Tucson Unified School District Book Banning,” Emily Knox, an assistant professor at the School of Information Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, attempts to make sense of the controversy surrounding legislation passed in Arizona to remove Mexican American Studies (MAS) courses from public school curriculum. Her analysis focuses on the unique actions taken by Tucson Unified School District officials, who walked into MAS classrooms and proceeded to confiscate numerous books related to the program. Through a discourse analysis of arguments made by those opposing MAS programs, Knox reveals an ironic role of “indoctrination” within the controversy: those who opposed MAS feared students were being indoctrinated to feel there was something wrong with the United States, yet their own act of banning certain books was itself an act of indoctrination by purposefully shaping the information students would be exposed to.
Censorship Dateline
Authors: Reichman Hank
Published: April 2018

Libraries, Schools, Student Media, Colleges and Universities, Prison, Foreign
Evidence for the “Slippery Slope” to Censorship: The Story from Florida and Collier County
Authors: Otto Eric C.
Published: April 2018

The House sponsor of Florida's 2017 HB 989 Instructional Materials law, which allows any county resident to challenge classroom and school library materials, has argued that those who anticipate his bill’s detrimental impact on science curricula “are trying to read down a slippery slope that doesn’t exist.” Tracing the genesis of HB 989 back to censorship efforts by ideologically-motivated groups in Collier County, Florida, this paper validates not only the concerns of science educators, but of all educators who value "the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction."
Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America by Josh Lauer
Authors: Glover Lisa
Published: April 2018

In September of 2017 Equifax, one of the three major consumer credit reporting agencies in the United States, announced its system security had been breached and confidential consumer information may have fallen into the hands of hackers. Although reports of system intrusions are released almost daily, this breach was of particular significance: sensitive data, including personal, identifying and financial data, was compromised for an estimated 143 million consumers in the United States. Just this week, Equifax further disclosed another 15 million client records were breached in the United Kingdom. Any consumer who has received credit of any kind is familiar with the big three credit reporting agencies—Equifax, TransUnion, and Experian—as these agencies house the financial identities American consumers. With such vast data stores, credit reporting agencies are prime and potentially profitable targets for hackers. All the information a hacker needs to steal a financial identify of a victim resides in the agencies’ files. Clearly, credit reporting agencies play a critical role in the financial marketplace. How these agencies became the powerful guardians and suppliers of consumer financial information is the topic of Josh Lauer’s book, Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America. This is the first book authored by Lauer, who is an associate professor of media studies at the University of New Hampshire with specialties in media history and theory, communication technology, consumer and financial culture, and surveillance. Lauer relates in great detail how we moved from a society of relationships and human interaction to one of faceless data designed to symbolize character and reputation. Lauer’s history takes us from a time when Americans desired access to goods and services more than they valued confidentiality, to the financial privacy concerns of these surveillance systems today.
From the Bench
Authors: Stone David R.
Published: April 2018

US Supreme Court, Schools, Church and State, Freedom of the Press, Public Speech, Texting, Foreign
Success Stories
Authors: Stone David R.
Published: April 2018

Books, Libraries, Schools, Prisons
Targets of the Censor
Authors: Stone David R.
Published: April 2018

Books, Movies, Theater
¿Qué modelo interdisciplinar requiere la neuroética?
Authors: Castelli Paula
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo se analizan dos modos paradigmáticos en que en la actualidad se comprende la relación entre las disciplinas que se encuentran implicadas en la tarea de la neuroética, en su carácter de neurociencia de la ética. Particularmente se critica la forma que toma la interdisciplinariedad en estos dos modelos. En el primer caso se señala que la tarea de reflexión filosófica no da lugar a que la evidencia neurocientífica pueda modificar de modo importante los presupuestos teóricos en que se funda tal reflexión. En el segundo caso, por el contrario, el papel dado al componente empírico, necesario a la neuroética, obtura la reflexión ético-filosófica.In this paper, I analyze two paradigmatic contemporary ways of understanding the relation between the disciplines involved in neuroethics. In particular, I criticize the form interdisciplinarity takes in these two models. It is pointed out that, according to one of these, the philosophical reflection does not allow neuroscientific evidence to influence in any significant way the theoretical presupositions of that reflection. According to the second model, on the contrary, the role of the empirical component, essential to neuroethics, rather blocks the ethical and philosophical reflection.
El fin ético no naturalista de la neuroeducación
Authors: Gracia Javier
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es aclarar cuál es el fin último de la neurociencia educativa. Para ello nos adentramos en el fecundo y a veces controvertido diálogo entre neurociencia y educación que especialmente en la última década ha cobrado mayor importancia. La hipótesis que presentamos es que la introducción de la perspectiva ética contribuye positivamente a esclarecer el fin propio de la neuroeducación. A la luz de una neuroética no naturalista la educación puede abrirse a un nuevo enfoque evolutivo que no reduzca el fin de la educación al simple valor adaptativo.This paper aims to clarify the main goal of neuroeducation. To do this, I focus on the fruitful but often controversial discussion between neuroscience and education, which has been especially relevant in the last decade. The hypothesis I present is that the introduction of the ethical perspective positively affects the clarification of neuroeducation´s proper end. In the light of the non-naturalistic approach to neuroethics that I hold, education could be opened up to a new evolutionary approach that does not reduce the end of education to mere adaptive value.
El papel de las emociones en la esfera pública: la propuesta de M. C. Nussbaum
Authors: Panea Márquez José Manuel
Published: April 2018

¿Cómo pueden las emociones favorecer una sociedad democrática más justa y estable? El propósito de este artículo es destacar la importancia de las emociones en el pensamiento de M. C. Nussbaum, y cómo pueden contribuir, en el contexto del liberalismo político, a reforzar y dar estabilidad a la democracia. Todo ello parece exigir, según Nussbaum, integrar el papel de las emociones en el proyecto educativo de la sociedad, para superar el modelo de justicia centrado en el beneficio mutuo, ampliándolo con otro, cuyo centro de gravedad serían las capacidades y el desarrollo humano. Y en tal sentido, es necesario preguntarse por el papel que han de jugar las humanidades, para dar viabilidad y continuidad a tal proyecto.How can emotions enable a fairer and more stable democratic society? The aim of this essay is to emphasize the importance of emotions in M.C. Nussbaum’s thought and how can they contribute to reinforce democracy and provide it with stability to in the context of political liberalism. All of this seems to require, according to Nussbaum, the integration of the role of emotions in society’s educational project, so as to go beyond the model of justice focused on the mutual benefit, widening it with another, whose centre of gravity would be the capacities and the human development. In this sense, it is necessary to ask ourselves about the role Humanities should play, so as to provide such a project with feasibility and continuity.
Intraspecific divergences and phylogeography of Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae) in Northwest China
Authors: Zhao Yanfen , Zhang Hongxiang , Pan Borong , Zhang Mingli
Published: April 2018

Climactic fluctuations during the Quaternary played a crucial role in genetic diversity and population genetic structure of many plant species in northwestern China. In order to understand the impact of climate change on herbaceous plants, we studied Panzerina lanata (Lamiaceae), a widely distributed species. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers (trnH-psbA and rpoB-trnC) were used to sequence 269 individuals from 27 populations and seven haplotypes were identified. Genetic structure and demographic characteristics were estimated using AMOVA, neutrality tests, and mismatch distribution analyses. The divergence times between the seven haplotypes were estimated using Beast. Our results revealed high levels of total genetic diversity (HT = 0.673±0.0869) and low levels of average within-population genetic diversity (HS = 0.033±0.0214). The analysis of molecular variance indicated major genetic differentiation among the three groups: northern, central, and eastern group. The species distribution modeling and demographic analysis indicated that P. lanata has not experience a recent range expansion. The divergence time within P. lanata occurred between the early Pleistocene and the late Pleistocene, which coincides with aridification and the expansion of the deserts in northwestern China that resulted in species diversification and habitat fragmentation. In addition, we speculate that the deserts and the Helan Mountains acted as effective geographic barriers that led to intraspecific diversity.
Impact on the copepod community structure in a coastal region after a mining dam disaster in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fernandes Luiz F L , Pereira Juliano B
Published: April 2018

Zooplankton plays an important role in marine ecosystems by controlling the phytoplankton population, regenerating nutrients and exporting biogenic matter. Their distribution is limited by the environmental characteristics of the pelagic realm, and potential changes in the environment may promote several levels of responses. Zooplankton was sampled in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in a coastal region near the Doce River after the worst mining dam disaster ever recorded in Brazilian waters. Samples were collected using a WP2 plankton net fitted with a 200-micron mesh and a mechanical flowmeter, and preserved in a 4% buffered formaldehyde. Results showed an increase in abundance right after the disaster with more than 222.959 ind.m-3 at the river mouth, a two-hundred-fold increase over the past year, with two copepod species, Parvocalanus scotti and Oithona nana, making up to 80% of this total abundance. A decrease in species richness and diversity was also observed in the sampling area along the year as well as a shift in species composition. A significant impact on the zooplankton community was observed due to the mining residues that reached the coastal area of the Doce River in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with negative consequences for the entire local food web.
Achieving mangrove conservation and sustainable use in Mexico through community-based Management Units for Wildlife Conservation within and beyond Protected Areas
Authors: Fajardo Paola , Valdez Hernández Ignacio
Published: April 2018

Mangroves are valuable socio-ecological ecosystems that provide vital goods and services to millions of people, including wood, a renewable natural capital, which is the primary source of energy and construction material for several coastal communities in developing countries. Unfortunately, mangrove loss and degradation occur at alarming rates. Regardless of the protection and close monitoring of mangrove ecosystems in Mexico during the last two decades, mangrove degradation and the loss of biodiversity is still ongoing. In some regions, unregulated and unsustainable mangrove wood harvesting are important causes of degradation. In this context, community-based mangrove forestry through Management Units for Wildlife Conservation could be a cost-effective alternative scheme to manage and conserve mangrove forests, their ecosystem services and biological diversity within and beyond protected areas while providing sustainable local livelihoods and helping reduce illegal logging. The objective of the Management Units is to promote alternative means of production with the rational and planned use of renewable resources based on Management Plans. If implemented with a multidisciplinary perspective that incorporates scientific assessments this conservation strategy may contribute to achieving national and international environmental and biodiversity agreements providing multiple social, ecological and economic benefits from local to global scales.
Small molecule induced oligomerization, clustering and clathrin-independent endocytosis of the dopamine transporter
Authors: Sorkina Tatiana , Ma Shiqi , Larsen Mads Breum , Watkins Simon C , Sorkin Alexander
Published: April 2018

Clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) mediates internalization of many transmembrane proteins but the mechanisms of cargo recruitment during CIE are poorly understood. We found that the cell-permeable furopyrimidine AIM-100 promotes dramatic oligomerization, clustering and CIE of human and mouse dopamine transporters (DAT), but not of their close homologues, norepinephrine and serotonin transporters. All effects of AIM-100 on DAT and the occupancy of substrate binding sites in the transporter were mutually exclusive, suggesting that AIM-100 may act by binding to DAT. Surprisingly, AIM-100-induced DAT endocytosis was independent of dynamin, cholesterol-rich microdomains and actin cytoskeleton, implying that a novel endocytic mechanism is involved. AIM-100 stimulated trafficking of internalized DAT was also unusual: DAT accumulated in early endosomes without significant recycling or degradation. We propose that AIM-100 augments DAT oligomerization through an allosteric mechanism associated with the DAT conformational state, and that oligomerization-triggered clustering leads to a coat-independent endocytosis and subsequent endosomal retention of DAT.
A population of adult satellite-like cells in Drosophila is maintained through a switch in RNA-isoforms
Authors: Boukhatmi Hadi , Bray Sarah
Published: April 2018

Adult stem cells are important for tissue maintenance and repair. One key question is how such cells are specified and then protected from differentiation for a prolonged period. Investigating the maintenance of Drosophila muscle progenitors (MPs) we demonstrate that it involves a switch in zfh1/ZEB1 RNA-isoforms. Differentiation into functional muscles is accompanied by expression of miR-8/miR-200, which targets the major zfh1-long RNA isoform and decreases Zfh1 protein. Through activity of the Notch pathway, a subset of MPs produce an alternate zfh1-short isoform, which lacks the miR-8 seed site. Zfh1 protein is thus maintained in these cells, enabling them to escape differentiation and persist as MPs in the adult. There, like mammalian satellite cells, they contribute to muscle homeostasis. Such preferential regulation of a specific RNA isoform, with differential sensitivity to miRs, is a powerful mechanism for maintaining a population of poised progenitors and may be of widespread significance.