bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherence to Therapeutic Regimen in Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Krishna D , KC Takma , Ghimire Rachana
Published: June 2021

Introduction Adherence to treatment regimen among diabetes patients is very crucial for good glycemic control. Poor adherence is a widely recognized problem causing great impact on poor health outcomes and healthcare costs. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the adherence to prescribed therapeutic regimen among diabetic patients.

MethodsA descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. Data was collected purposively among 422 respondents attending at medical OPD in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital through interview using structured questionnaire. Analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.

ResultsThe study findings revealed good follow up adherence (57.8%). Adherence to medicine, diet and exercise were (28.5%), (16.1%) and (8.8%) respectively. Dietary adherence was associated with sex (p=0.03), educational level (p<0.001), occupation (p=0.04), attending diabetic counseling (p<0.001) and knowledge level (p<0.001). Exercise adherence was associated with sex, educational level, attending diabetic counseling, history of hospitalization and knowledge level (p<0.05). Medication adherence was associated with attending diabetic counseling (p=0.03). Follow up adherence was associated with education, occupation, attending diabetic counseling, duration of diabetes mellitus, frequency of follow up visit, and knowledge level (p<0.05). Moreover, respondents with good adherence to exercise (75.7%), medicine (63.3%) and follow up adherence (66%) had controlled fasting blood sugar level (p=0.01, p=0.03 and p=0.01 respectively).

ConclusionAdherence on diet and exercise was very low than other components among diabetes patients. So, it is recommended to focus on education especially on diet and exercise adherence which would be of great benefit in glycemic control.
Incidence of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury, Its Risk Factors and In-Hospital Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty
Authors: Upadhaya Prashun , Thapa Pradeep , Gajurel Ratna M , Sigdel Mahesh R
Published: June 2021

Introduction Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a serious complication of angiographic procedures with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to find the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of CI-AKI in patients who have undergone coronary angiography/angioplasty in a referral hospital in Nepal.

MethodsIt was a descriptive observational study of consenting consecutive patients above 18 years undergoing coronary angiography/angioplasty at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre, Nepal from July 2015 to September 2017. CI AKI was defined as an elevation of serum creatinine of >25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl (44 μmol/L) from baseline within 48 hour of exposure to contrast. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. Statistical analysis was completed using Student’s t-test, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

ResultsOut of 240 patients, 156 (65%) were male, mean age was 60.36±11.29 years. Eighteen patients (7.5%) developed CI-AKI. Incidence of CI-AKI was 20% in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 5.4% in diabetics, 13.6% in patients >70 years, 12.79 % in patients with anaemia and 12.3% in patients with prior contrast exposure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found smoking and history of prior contrast exposure to be independent predictors for development of CI-AKI. Among patients with CI-AKI, one (5.88%) required dialysis and one (5.88%) died.

ConclusionIncidence of CI-AKI after coronary angiography/angioplasty was 7.5%. Patients with prior contrast exposure and smoking were at significantly increased risk of CI-AKI; higher trend of CI-AKI was seen in patients with CKD, diabetes, elderly and anaemia.
Research and Publication from Developing Countries
Authors: Sharma Mohan R
Published: June 2021

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.
Does Drilling Induce Hearing Loss after Modified Radical Mastoidectomy? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Neupane Yogesh , Kharel Bijaya , Dutta Heempali
Published: June 2021

Introduction Incidence of sensory neural hearing loss following mastoid surgery varies from 1.2 – 4.5%.There are various causes for postoperative sensorineural hearing loss during mastoid surgery. This study aims to identify whether there is any correlation between drilling and postoperative sensory neural hearing loss.

MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT from January 2018 to June 2019. A total number of 68 patients above five years of age who underwent modified radical mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media squamous were included. Revision surgery, preoperative sensorineural hearing loss, injury to the ossicular chain during surgery, patients with lack of follow up or doubtful reports in mentally challenged were excluded from the study. The average bone conduction threshold was calculated from 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

ResultsThere were 43 males and 25 females in the study with a median age of 23.5 years (16-55). The mean preoperative bone conduction threshold in the four frequencies of 500 Hz, 1kHz, 2kHz, 4kHz were -2.06dB, -2.06dB, 3.31dB, 4.63 dB respectively and the mean postoperative bone conduction thresholds were 1.03, 1.32, 5.29, 4.04 respectively. There was a decline of mean of 3.09 dB and 3.38dB only at the low-frequencies (500Hz and 1kHz) BC threshold respectively which were statistically significant, whereas at higher frequency there was no decline in average postoperative BC threshold.

ConclusionThere is no definite role of drill in inducing hearing loss and if present other causes of hearing loss should be sought in postoperative sensorineural hearing loss.
Normative Measurement of Orbital Structures in Computed Tomography
Authors: Rokka Damodar , Poudel Sharma , Kayastha Prakash , Suwal Sundar , Poudyal Sudil , Chhetry Saroj , Shrestha Shantalall , Karn Rakesh
Published: June 2021

Introduction Normal orbital dimensions are important for diagnosing orbital pathologies. Computed tomography (CT) of the orbit is an important modality offering high accuracy for precise measurements of orbit. The study was disbursed to ascertain criteria for the normative values of the various orbital dimensions using computed tomography in patients visiting Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu.

MethodsOrbital volume, ocular diameter, length of the interzygomatic line (IZL), the distance of the posterior extent of the globe from the interzygomatic line, globe position, diameters of extraocular muscles (medial, lateral, superior group, and inferior rectus) and lens density were measured in each eye of 172 patients undergoing CT examination of paranasal sinuses. The correlations with age and sex were also analyzed.

ResultsMean values (mean±SD) of orbital volume, ocular diameter, IZL, globe position and lens density were 24.54±2.57 cm3, 2.44±0.22 cm, 94.3±6.2 mm, 12.3±2.4 mm and 141.43±16.62 HU respectively. Mean diameters of extraocular muscles were 3.67± 0.52 mm, 3.36± 0.50 mm, 3.74±0.42 mm and 3.87±0.38 mm for medial rectus, lateral rectus, inferior rectus and the superior group respectively. There was no significant age and gender difference in most of the measurements. There was significant positive correlation of age with lens density, orbital volume and ocular diameter (p<0.05).

ConclusionNormative data of different orbital measurements were obtained. The present result may help radiologists and ophthalmologists to accurately assess various orbital parameters, particularly in Nepalese populations.
Post-Transplant Erythrocytosis in Live Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Maharjan Suresh , Chhetri Santosh , Khatri Bikash , Sapkota Nisha , Sigdel Mahesh R
Published: June 2021

Introduction Post-transplant erythrocytosis (PTE) is defined as persistently elevated hemoglobin>17 g/dl and/or PCV>51% in kidney transplant recipients. The incidence of PTE varies from 5% to 17%, with occasional life‑threatening thromboembolic complications. We aimed to study the prevalence, risk factors and complications of PTE.

MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single center study in 132 kidney transplant recipients who had undergone live donor kidney transplantation at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal, between October 2017 and March 2019. Prior approval was obtained from Institutional Review Committee of Institute of Medicine. Patients with hemoglobin>17 g/dl were defined as PTE group, and others as non‑PTE group. The pattern of hemoglobin, serum creatinine, pre-transplant hemoglobin, native kidney disease, immunosuppression medications, rejection episodes, and new onset diabetes after transplantation were analyzed and compared between two groups.

ResultsOut of the 132 kidney transplant recipients, PTE was diagnosed in 28 (21.2%) patients, out of which 27 patients (96.4%) were male and 1 (3.6%) were female with the mean time of onset at 7 months after transplantation. Patients with erythrocytosis had a relatively shorter duration of pre transplant dialysis (p=0.001). The mean pre transplant Hb and Hct in PTE group was 9.72g/dl and 30.35% whereas in non PTE group 10.02 g/dl and 31.31%. Thromboembolic and any other PTE related complications were not observed. Seventeen patients of PTE (60.7%) were treated with ACE Inhibitors and 11 (39.9%) patients did not require any treatment.

ConclusionPost-transplant erythrocytosis was seen in nearly one fifth kidney transplant recipients at mean time of seven months post-transplantation; was more common in male with good graft function, and short duration of pre transplant dialysis. Response to ACE inhibitors was good.
Outcome of Extracranial Carotid Pseudoaneurysm Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bhandari Nikesh , Shrestha Uttam K , Shrestha Kajan R , Gurung Dinesh
Published: June 2021

Introduction Extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysm (ECPA) is commonly associated with blunt or penetrating trauma and can result in thromboembolic event, cranial nerves palsies, rupture and hemorrhage. Due to the limited number of large studies, safety and efficacy of surgical and interventional management of ECPA is not well characterized. Open surgery with resection of pseudoaneurysm with end-to-end anastomosis or interposition graft is currently the preferred method of management. The aim of this study is to study the demographics, etiopathogenesis, presentation and outcome after surgical intervention of ECPA at our center.

MethodsAll patients who underwent surgery for carotid pseudoaneurysm form June 2012 to December 2019, at Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery were included in this retrospective chart review study after evaluation of the hospital record book and electronic medical record. Patients who had stroke or cranial nerve injury before surgery, were excluded from this study.

ResultsFifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Male to female ratio was 11:4. Mean age of presentation was 38.17±18.98 years. All patients presented with tender and pulsatile neck swelling. Common carotid artery involvement was more common. Three patients suffered from stroke postoperatively, and all of these patients died, however, one patient with stroke died due to reasons not related to pseudoaneurysm. Two patients suffered cranial nerve injury and ten patients had no other disabling complications.

ConclusionECPA is an uncommon but a serious disease and ischemic stroke after surgery is associated with high mortality.
Assessment Of Third Ventricular Parameters in Computed Tomography of Head: A Pilot Study in Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Khanal Umesh P , Sah Keshav , Chand Ram B
Published: June 2021

Introduction Measurement of ventricles of the brain is important for evaluating changes due to growth, ageing, intrinsic and extrinsic pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine the various parameters of the third ventricle and to assess their association with gender and age using computed tomography (CT) scans of head.

MethodsThis retrospective, quantitative, cross sectional study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from July to October 2019 (4 months) on images of 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) whose age group were 18-87 years, who underwent non-contrast and contrast enhanced CT scan of head.

ResultsThe total mean of width of third ventricle was found to be 0.33±0.09 cm, 0.35±0.10 cm in male and 0.31±0.06 cm in female. Third ventricle width (TVW) showed statistically significant correlation with male and also with Age. Mean of third ventricle sylvian fissure distance index was 0.41±0.67 cm, 0.42±0.65 cm in male and 0.39±0.06 cm in female respectively. Mean of third ventricle ratio was 0.03±0.09 cm, 0.03±0.09 cm in male and 0.02±0.09 in female respectively. The value were slightly higher in male.

ConclusionThe third ventricle width in CT in this study was 0.33±0.09 cm. CT was very useful to determine the upper limits of normal value and its variation with age.
Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in Submandibular Region in Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Bajracharya Rohita , Dutta Heempali
Published: June 2021

Normal anatomical location of thyroid gland is anterior to trachea and larynx. Ectopic thyroid is rare presentation. Ectopic thyroid tissue in submandibular region is even more rare. This article reports a case of five year old child who presented with swelling in left submandibular region which was later diagnosed to be an ectopic thyroid gland with no thyroid tissue in thyroid bed. Although rare, physician should consider possibility of ectopic thyroid in patient presenting with submandibular mass. Ultrasonography should always be performed to confirm presence of normal thyroid gland if surgical excision is planned.
Diurnal Variability of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Healthy Adult Employees of a Medical College of Kathmandu
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Gautam Kalyan , Chalise Sanat
Published: June 2021

Introduction Peak expiratory flow measurement is a simple measure of respiratory capacity to diagnose airflow obstruction and monitor treatment response in patients with pulmonary diseases. But there is wide diurnal variability in its values. The objectives of this study was to determine the diurnal variability of peak expiratory flow rate in healthy adults.

MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done in employees of Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot between March to August 2020. A total of 74 subjects of 30-45 years were included in the study. After adequate training, subjects were asked to record their own peak expiratory flow five times a day by Mini-Wright peak flow meter. Diurnal variability was expressed as amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean. Data analysis was done by student’s unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA.

ResultsThe mean peak expiratory flow rate (in L/min) were lowest in morning (male: 478.75±45.91; female: 362.86±20.51) followed by progressive rise throughout the day and highest at evening (male: 531.88 ±43.95; female: 415.71±20.97) with slight fall at bedtime (male: 486.88±46.38; female: 362.86±20.51). The difference in peak expiratory flow rate at different time periods was statistically significant in both males and females (p<0.001). The diurnal variability as calculated by amplitude percent mean and standard deviation percent mean were found to be significantly higher in females (p=0.001 and 0.004 respectively).

ConclusionThere is a variation of peak expiratory flow rate recorded during different time points of the day in healthy adults.
Anesthetic Management of Apert Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Koirala Megha , Shrestha Gentle S , Joshi Pankaj , Parajuli Bashu D
Published: June 2021

Apert syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease associated with abnormalities of skull, face and limbs. These patients present for different types of surgeries. To the anesthesiologists,they pose special challenge during airway management, manifesting as difficulty in bag-mask ventilation and increased incidence of airway obstruction. Here, we report a case of a child with Apert syndrome undergoing syndactyly release under general anesthesia, in whom severe bronchospasm and a failed bag-mask ventilation occurred during the emergence of anesthesia requiring re-insertion of laryngeal mask airway.
Single Stage Surgery for Open Lisfranc Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Lakhey Rajesh B , Bhandari Prawesh S , KC Govinda
Published: June 2021

Management of open Lisfranc injuries is challenging. The improper management of the injuries might lead to bad results like skin necrosis and arthritis of Lisfranc’s joints. A case of Myerson type A Gustilo Grade IIIB open Lisfranc injury was managed with single stage debridement and internal fixation. At three years follow-up, the result was excellent with American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score of 100 and the patient had rejoined his previous occupation requiring prolonged walking.
Case Report of Fetal Macrosomia with Birth Weight 6.25 kg: A Rare Encounter
Authors: Maskey Suvana , Gurung Geeta
Published: June 2021

Newborn weight exceeding 4000 g or 4500 g is considered as macrosomia, incidence of which varies from 6 to 10% of all deliveries. Maternal diabetes, obesity, age >35 years, male baby, history of previous macrosomia, multiparity are few risk factors. It is associated with several maternal and neonatal complications and presents an obstetric challenge as there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate route of delivery for macrosomic baby. We report a rare case of fetal macrosomia with birth weight of 6.25 kg delivered by cesarean section to 39 years old woman at 38 weeks 6 days period of gestation.
Impacto do vírus da língua azul na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos
Authors:   , Junqueira Anna Carolina
Published: June 2021

O vírus da língua azul (bluetongue virus, BTV), membro da família Reoviridae, gênero Orbivírus, é transmitido aos ruminantes domésticos e silvestres por Culicóides. Embora bovinos sejam assintomáticos, apresentam-se como importantes reservatórios na cadeia epidemiológica da doença. Em fêmeas gestantes virêmicas, o BTV pode atingir oócitos e embriões, o que pode justificar imposição de barreira sanitária por países importadores de animais e material genético. A presença do agente em células embrionárias associada à zona pelúcida ou aos fluidos que o envolvem pode resultar em perdas diretas do embrião durante a PIVE, e risco de infecção e abortamento à receptora. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da infecção experimental por BTV em embriões produzidos in vitro e desenvolver protocolo de ensaio para certificação de embriões livres deste agente. Para tanto, foram testados todos os insumos de origem animal envolvidos na produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE), além de infectar oócitos em maturação com diferentes diluições virais de BTV-4, com título 105 /100µL (10-1 à 10-8 ), analisar os efeitos no desenvolvimento do embrião por meio de microscopia óptica em todas as etapas do cultivo e avaliar por RT-qPCR os procedimentos de lavagens recomendados pela IETS.
The Influence of Diet, Exercise and Education Level During Pregnancy on Child Cavities and Tooth Eruption
Authors: May Linda E , Brown Alexis , Kordis Alex , Cotterill Christopher , Pardi Vanessa , May Linda E
Published: June 2021

Objectives: This study’s objective was to evaluate if exercise during pregnancy, a healthy diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and calcium, and the mother’s educational level influenced the dental health measures of caries risk and tooth eruption of their offspring.
Methods: Women with children 6 years and younger completed questionnaires regarding PA and diet (PUFA-rich, calcium-rich (Ca) dairy foods) during pregnancy and education level prior to their child’s dental examination. T-tests were used to compare exercisers and non-exercisers; correlation and regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships and predictors of child dental health, respectively.
Results: Eighty-two mother-child pairs were analysed. Exercisers had trends of increased PUFA (p=0.07) and Ca-rich dairy foods (p=0.12) to non-exercisers during pregnancy. Ca-rich dairy foods during pregnancy had positive associations with primary tooth count (p=0.004), mixed surface count (p=0.02), and tooth eruption (p=0.04). Controlling for maternal education and exercise, tooth eruption was predicted by PUFA summary and cheese consumption while dairy summary predicted primary tooth count; caries risk was predicted by maternal education; primary surface caries was associated with exercise duration.
Conclusion: During pregnancy, calcium-rich dairy and PUFA-rich foods influenced child tooth eruption and thus tooth count, while exercise duration was associated with primary surface caries. Maternal education was associated with lower caries risk. Our findings support educating women on calcium intake and appropriate exercise levels during pregnancy, plus oral health counseling for their child.
The Electrocardiogram in Nonsystemic Ventricular Pacing in a Patient with Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries and Dextrocardia
Authors: Hull Robert
Published: June 2021

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) has a high incidence of dextrocardia and complete heart block. We describe a 34 year-old male with CCTGA, dextrocardia, and third degree atrioventricular block status-post dual chamber pacemaker that presented with acute heart failure syndrome. Cardiac CT Angiography confirmed CCTGA with situs solitus and dextrocardia. EKG with standard frontal leads showed a normal P wave axis and right-sided precordial leads showed a right bundle branch block pattern. With situs solitus there is a normal P wave axis on standard frontal leads. With nonsystemic ventricular pacing in CCTGA with dextrocardia left- and right-sided precordial leads show a left bundle branch block pattern and right bundle branch block pattern respectively. This case highlights electrocardiographic patterns seen with dextrocardia and morphologic reversal of ventricles.
The Medico-economic Impacts of Marijuana Use on the Outcomes and In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation – Nationwide Database study
Authors: Shereef Hammam
Published: June 2021

Introduction Cannabinoid users are at high risk of developing atrial arrhythmias. We sought to investigate the outcomes and the economic impact of marijuana use on patients with atrial fibrillation utilizing the National Inpatient Sample. Materials and Methods Patients with atrial fibrillation were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2012 and 2014 using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), who subsequently were divided into two groups, those with and without marijuana smoking. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality in the two groups. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital morbidities, required procedures and complications. We also evaluated the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization. Logistic regression model was performed to address potential confounding factors. Results: The marijuana-users group had no significant increase of in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.51 - 3.01, p = 0.632). However, marijuana users were predominantly younger males and less likely to undergo cardiac surgery (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 - 0.78, p = 0.001). Moreover, marijuana users are more likely to have a lower cost of hospitalization when compared to non-users ($28,916 vs $32,303, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Cannabinoid use was not associated with an increase in mortality among patients admitted with atrial fibrillation. However, marijuana users were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and cardiac surgeries with associated lower hospitalization costs. Admittedly, given the growing popularity of these products, further large prospective studies are needed to investigate the safety and evaluate different integral associations of cannabis use with worse cardiac outcomes in atrial arrhythmias patients, particularly those with atrial fibrillation.
Contribution to the geometrid moth fauna of Volgograd Province, 1 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Tsvetkov E.V.
Published: June 2021

Twelwe species of geometrid moths are reported as new to the fauna of Volgograd Province of Russia.
Total Volatile Base, Glycogen, Cathepsin, and Water Holding Capacity of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on Deteoritation Phase
Authors: Suhandana Made , Nurhayati Tati
Published: June 2021

Fish was a highly perishable product. The deterioration of fish quality was followed by modification of biochemical components. These Biochemical components include a total volatile base, glycogen, cathepsin activity, and water holding capacity. The objective of this study was to determine the changes of biochemical components in fish deterioration quality. The highest TVB value showed on post rigor phase (38,40 mg N/100 g). The highest glycogen content showed on pre-rigor phase (765,1707 mg/ml). The decreasing of cathepsin activity showed on rigor mortis until post rigor phase, 0,0285 U/ml to 0,0095 U/ml. The ability fresh fish to retain water (76,39%) from total moisture content (76,89%).
Representation of Pashtun Culture in Pashto Films Posters: A Semiotic Analysis
Authors: Mukhtar Yusra , Iqbal Liaqat , Rehman Faiza
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research is to investigate the representation or misrepresentation of Pashtun culture through the study of different signs and to inspect that how these signs relate to Pashtun culture by employing semiotics as a tool. To achieve the goal, twelve distinct Pashto film posters that were published during 2011-2017 were selected and categorized under poster design, dressing, props and titles, as these aspects act as signs for depicting cultural insights. The research was guided by the Pierce triadic model for analyzing the type of signs and their interpretation. Various iconic, indexical and symbolic signs were discovered representing the Pashtu cultural traits through certain signs, e.g., traditional dressing, chivalry, male dominance and women segregation, etc. On the other hand, certain extraneous signs were explored, distorting the purity of Pashtun culture by utilizing various signs that were interpreted as referring to violence and vulgarity, which are not acceptable in real Pashtun culture.
Strategies and Persuasive Appeals in the Public Service Messages about Health Issues on Pakistani Television Channels
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Rahman Syed Inam Ur , Nudrat Amna
Published: June 2021

The study analyses strategies and persuasive appeals in the public service messages aired on Pakistani TV channels during 2016-2018, that measures the effects of PSMs on audience behaviour. The PSMs fails to deliver messages due to dissimilar socio-economic backdrop and scope of the audience understanding. The purposive sampling of six selected PSM is on the bases of health themed PSM’s. Objective is to investigate the characteristics of ads, role of the message, major health issues, sources of the message and appeals. The AIDA model, persuasion theory and social responsibility theory used to filter the textual analysis of the selected PSMs. It was found that the PSMs presented health issues while using celebrity endorsement and persuasive message appeals as persuasive techniques. The PSMs such as breast cancer persuaded women for self-care, calcium deficiency PSM to calcium intakes, heat stroke PSM to precautionary measures during emergency situations, the malnutrition PSM to women healthy diet during pregnancy. The study recommends that advertisers, producers and TV channels should adopt audience perception based important strategies for social welfare, while the state must promote them.
Freedom of Expression in Digital Age: An Analysis of Twitter in Context of Pak-China Relationship
Authors: Saleem Nadia , Rasool Farasat
Published: June 2021

This article is aimed to provide an analysis regarding the freedom of expression on Twitter in the digital age. Freedom of expression in the digital age is the capability of an individual through which they are able to express their beliefs, thoughts, ideas and emotions on various issues via different social media platforms that are free from governmental censorship. These freedoms play a significant role, as now, each individual can have his/her own perspectives and school of thoughts; and can live his/her life as per own choice. The present study is a discourse analysis of the Pak-China relations debate as top trend hashtags on Twitter in 2020. The data was collected through Mozdeh Big Data Software. The top twenty tweets with the highest likes in seven trending hashtags have been studied as per Searle's Speech Act Analysis. The study shows that how Twitter as a social media platform provides a forum of free debate for everyone.
Media as an Instrument of Hybrid Warfare: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Warrich Haseeb Ur Rehman , Haider Muhammad Waqas , Azad Tahir Mahmood
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyze the role of media as an instrument of Hybrid warfare to shape public opinion and to see its impact on different organs of state. 21st Century dawned alongside an emerging form of warfare called Hybrid Warfare, one which in its nature and character is remarkably diverse and whose scope extends beyond conventional elements of war, that is to say, domain, adversary, objective, and force. Modern wars, owing to asymmetric lines of conflict, are difficult to be categorized as conventional or counterinsurgency and are in stark contrast to traditional models of war and peace. Given the multifaceted dimensions of this new concept of waging war, it is significant to evaluate its contours and grasp an understanding of its nature and instruments. Does the paper evaluate how it can play a pivotal role to mitigate existing and future challenges being faced by Pakistan in the domain of Hybrid Warfare?
Social Responsibility of Media in Pakistan: Exploring the Audience Perception
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Shukkar Qasim , Shahzad Farrukh
Published: June 2021

Media has some fundamental regulations, laws and ethics along with social responsibility to ensure the privacy of the public. Pakistani media is usually considered to be lacking in abiding by such responsibilities. This article aims to investigate that to what extent Pakistani media is socially responsible. It further explores audience perception regarding the erosion of culture through inappropriate foreign media content on Pakistani media. Data has been collected with the help of a questionnaire from 324 respondents. Results show that public perception regarding the social responsibility of media is different for different outlets. Television is considered more socially responsible for female respondents. Respondents (at home) and (graduated) believe that television is much socially responsible than radio, newspaper and magazines. However, television is considered the most harmful media regarding inappropriate foreign content. Respondents above fifty years of age, government employees and highly educated believed that television compromises social responsibility higher than other media.
Cloward’s approach for Pancoast neurogenic tumors: illustrative cases
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hsuan , Hsu Po-Kuei , Wu Jau-Ching , Huang Wen-Cheng , Tu Tsung-Hsi
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Pancoast tumors are a wide range of tumors located in the apex of the lung. Traditional surgery for Pancoast neurogenic tumors frequently involves extensive approaches, whether anterior or posterior or a combination, in which osteotomies are sometimes required. In this study, the authors proposed a less invasive surgical strategy using the standard Cloward’s approach for complete resection of a schwannoma arising from the T1 nerve root.

OBSERVATIONS

Two patients, each harboring a large T1 tumor, one on each side, underwent Cloward’s approach with and without thoracoscopic surgery. Both patients had complete resection of the tumor. Considering the benign and encapsulated nature of neurogenic tumors, Cloward’s approach under neuromonitoring, which is a common procedure for anterior cervical discectomy for most neurosurgeons, is a safe and less invasive alternative for Pancoast neurogenic tumors. For patients whose tumor cannot be removed completely via Cloward’s approach, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a viable backup plan with minimal invasiveness.

LESSONS

Cloward’s approach is a viable option for Pancoast neurogenic tumors.
Posterior occipitocervical instrumented fusion for atlantoaxial instability in a 27-month-old child with Down syndrome: illustrative case
Authors: Ohba Tetsuro , Oda Kotaro , Tanaka Nobuki , Masanori Wako , Endo Tomoka , Haro Hirotaka
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Upper cervical spine instability is one of the most serious orthopedic problems in patients with Down syndrome. Despite the recent advancement of instrumentation techniques, occipitocervical fusion remains technically challenging in the very young pediatric population with small and fragile osseous elements.

OBSERVATIONS

A 27-month-old boy with Down syndrome was urgently transported to the authors’ hospital because of difficulty in standing and sitting, weakness in the upper limbs, and respiratory distress. Radiographs showed os odontoideum, irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation, and substantial spinal cord compression. Emergency posterior occipitoaxial fixation was performed using O-arm navigation. Improvement in the motor paralysis of the upper left limb was observed from the early postoperative period, but revision surgery was needed 14 days after surgery because of surgical site infection. The patient showed modest but substantial neurological improvement 1 year after the surgery.

LESSONS

There are several clinical implications of the present case. It warns that Down syndrome in the very young pediatric population may lead to rapid progression of spinal cord injury and life crisis. This 27-month-old patient represents the youngest case of atlantoaxial instability in a patient with Down syndrome. O-arm navigation is useful for inserting screws into very thin pedicles.
A Growing Outcry of Gender-based Violence and Gender Inequality in South Africa : An Afrocentric Perspective
Authors: Moreroa M.C. , Rapanyane M.B.
Published: June 2021

The two practices of gender inequality and gender-based violence (GBV) are not peculiar to South Africans, as they also affect the African continent and the Global world in different shapes and forms. Whatever happens, when these two unacceptable behaviours and/ practices take form, women often end up being discriminated, sidelined and violated. Against this backdrop, this paper analyses the state of gender inequality and GBV in South Africa and finds common features which exist between the two. The central narrative of this paper is that the two notions are, at a very faster pace, becoming subjects of considerable debate and concern. This paper argues that the two notions have depressing effects on South African women. Afrocentricity is adopted in this paper in order to relevantly and positionally reflect on the central objective.
When Asking the Tough Questions : A Gender-based Study on Financial Advisor s Level of Comfort When Gathering Sensitive Client Information
Authors: Alsemgeest Liezel , Steyn Henda
Published: June 2021

The research underpinning this article was to investigate how comfortable financial advisors of different genders are when asking their clients questions of a sensitive nature and to offer possible new insights into the effective, emotionally sensitive practices of female financial advisors. The study made use of a quantitative research method by sending an online link to a questionnaire to all members of the recognised professional membership body in South Africa, of which 365 responses were received. The female group, which constituted 31.3% of the total respondents, almost always felt more uncomfortable on all the discussion topics and also perceived their clients to be more uncomfortable. The female group were found to be more sensitive, specifically when communicating about the more sensitive topics and also more aware of their clients’ truthfulness.
Recommendations for parameters calculation of pressureless channels with arbitrary cross section for rainwater disposal
Authors: Kravchuk Andriy , Kravchuk Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

Based on the analysis of geometric and hydraulic characteristics of pressureless water channels cross sections, recommendations for parameters calculation of these systems with an arbitrary shape of their cross section were elaborated in this article. Elements of hydraulic modeling and analogy were used in the preparation of the presented material. The considered pressureless channels are widely used in rainwater disposal systems designing and can also be used in the designing of other special water disposal networks. Well-known theoretical and empirical hydraulic dependences, relevant reference data, in particular, discharge and velocity characteristics, local resistance coefficients were used in this article. Necessary information on selection of water disposal wells is given. The proposed method of calculation the parameters of water disposal channels can be used in different fluid flow modes: both pressureless and pressure, steady and unsteady. It is recommended for use in the water disposal networks designing, regardless of the pipelines material.
Z-axis limit switch 3D printer
Authors: Shalenko Vadym , Korniychuk Boris , Masluyk Andriі
Published: June 2021

Not much time has passed since the appearance of the first 3D printer. Today there are many different printers. They differ in various 3D printing technologies, namely: Stereolithography – SL, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling – FDM, Laminated Object Manufacturing – LOM, Polyjet and Ployjet Matrix.

In recent years, the spread of 3D printing technology has become and continues to be used more and more today. Of course, in the future we will see a large-scale spread of additive methods, but the practical application of 3D printing today is available to everyone. Melting deposition modeling technologies have become widespread and available.

The authors in this article consider possible options for upgrading the mounting of the end sensor of the Z Axis and automating the process of calibration of the zero gap of the extruder nozzle relative to the working surface of the printer. This calibration is important. This affects the accuracy and printing process of the future plastic model.

During the operation of the 3D printer, it is often necessary to service the extruder, which forces the process of calibrating the zero gap of the printer nozzle. Optimally correct selected nozzle clearance affects the accuracy, geometry of the model and printing as a whole. It also allows you to get rid of peeling off the model from the desktop surface and the destruction of the model during printing.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, Dan Nilai Pasar Terhadap Return Saham (Pada Perusahaan Industri Barang Konsumsi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek tahun 2016- 2019)
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Hardiani Silvia Eka , Hakim Mohammad Zulman ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Nilai Pasar Terhadap Return Saham Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Periode waktu penelitian yang digunakan adalah 4 tahun yaitu periode 2016-2019. Populasi penelitian ini meliputi perusahaan manufaktur sun sector industry barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2016-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan tekni purposive sampling. Berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan diperoleh 20 perusahaan. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian bahwa Profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh negative terhadap Return Saham. Likuiditas dan Leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap Return Saham. Nilai Pasar memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap Return Saham.
Implementasi Transformasi Branding Kota Cimahi Sebagai Kota Kreatif
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Romli Nada Arina
Published: June 2021

Penelitian yang berjudul Implementasi Transformasi Branding Kota Cimahi sebagai Creative city bertujuan mengetahui implementasi kampanye yang dilakukan Pemkot Cimahi kampanye perubahan merek Creative and Cyber (C4) menjadi Creative city dengan program pengembangan ekonomi lokal (PEL). Penelitian ini mengkaji proses pembangunan makna yang melibatkan interaksi sosial Pemkot Cimahi dan target audiens dalam perubahan merek Kota Cimahi sebagai Creative city. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan paradigma konstruktivis, dan jenis studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori interaksi simbolik dari George Herbert Mead. Subjek penelitiannya adalah PNS Pemkot Cimahi serta wirausahawan yang tergabung di komunitas kewirausahaan di Cimahi yang dipilih dengan teknik sampling purposif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan pasif, dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa dalam upaya menciptakan makna bersama Cimahi sebagai Creative city antara Pemkot Cimahi dan target audiens dibutuhkan sosialisasi Pemkot Cimahi kepada target audiensnya yaitu wirausahawan sebagai target utama dan masyarakat umum sebagai target kedua dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis pola komunikasi diantaranya pola komunikasi interpersonal antara Pemkot Cimahi dengan individu wirausaha di Cimahi serta masyarakat umum adalah dengan melaksanakan Forum Temu Usaha yaitu sebuah seminar dan workshop yang menghadirkan berbagai pakar wirausaha yang diundang oleh Pemkot Cimahi serta komunitas wirausaha Cimahi diantaranya Cimahi Creative Association (CCA) yang bergerak di bidang teknologi animasi, Ikatan Wanita Pengusaha Indonesia (IWAPI) regional Cimahi, Komunitas Kewirausahawan Muda Cimahi (KWACI). Pola komunikasi organisasi yang dilakukan pemerintah kepada komunitas wirausaha dengan menggunakan media sosial, selain itu pola komunikasi organisasi pun dilakukan dengan menggunakan media luar ruang seperti poster yang ditempel di tempat-tempat pertemuan komunitas wirausaha dan mading Pemkot Cimahi, menyelenggarakan pameran kewirausahaan, membuat gerakan “Cinta Produk Lokal Cimahi”, membuat website PEL, promosi menggunakan media sosial seperti Facebook serta, melaksanakan Forum Group Discussion Sementara pola komunikasi massa yang dilakukan oleh Pemkot Cimahi kepada masyarakat umum untuk mensosialisasikan perubahan merek Kota Cimahi yaitu dengan mengundang jurnalis untuk peliputan dan penayangan di TV nasional maupun lokal, memasang iklan di TVRI, dan menyelenggarakan Talkshow anggota PEL menayangkan TVRI, dan membuat buku profil komunitas wirausaha Cimahi
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan LQ45 yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2017-2019) Shafira Nadyne Pradiva, Suyatmin Waskito Adi
Authors:   Muhammadiyah Surakarta University, Pradiva Shafira Nadyne , Adi Suyatmin Waskito ,   Muhammadiyah Surakarta University
Published: June 2021

Audit delay merupakan permasalahan penting karena mempengaruhi ketepatan waktu penyampaian informasi akuntansi yang digunakan oleh pengguna internal dan eksternal untuk mengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay pada perusahaan LQ45 yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain adalah ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, kompleksitas operasi perusahaan dan opini auditor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel diperoleh dari 28 perusahaan LQ45 selama tiga tahun berturut-turut, sehingga mendapatkan 84 sampel. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi yang berupa laporan keuangan tahunan perushaan yang dipublikasikan oleh BEI. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata audit delay 62,85 hari dengan standar deviasi 24,162. Nilai adjusted R2sebesar 36,5% yang berarti bahwa ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, kompleksitas operasi perusahaan dan opini auditor mampu menjelaskan variabel audit delay sebesar 36,5% Ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan solvabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay. Di sisi lain, kompleksitas operasi perusahaan dan opini auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.
Faktor Keuangan Dan Financial Distress
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Putri Desti Eka , Abbas Dirvi Surya ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara simultan dan parsial pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Komisaris Independen terhadap Financial Distress sektor Consumer Goods Industry (CGI) yang terdaftar di BEI pada Periode 2016-2018. Metode sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode purposive sampling yaitu metode pengambilan sampel sesuai kriteria tersebut. Perusahaan yang mencapai kriteri daam penelitian ini sebanyak 11 perusahaan Consumer Goods Industry (CGI) di BEI pada periode 2016-2018. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi data panel untuk melihat pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen baik secara bersama-sama aupun secara individu yang didahului oleh uji asumsi klasik yaitu uji chow, uji hausman, dan uji lagrange multipier. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji F, uji R-Squared dan uji T. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Komisaris Independen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Financial Distress pada perusahaan Consumer Goods Industry (CGI) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), sedangkan Likuiditas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Financial Distress pada perusahaan Consumer Goods Industry (CGI) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).