bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de cirugía general de cuello electiva: integración ciencia-tecnología-sociedad en una antología didáctica
Authors: Iglesias Díaz Gladys , Ferro González Belkis , Hernández Rodríguez Ileana María
Published: January 2024

El proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la cirugía endocrina de las glándulas tiroides y paratiroides, se desarrolla en el marco de la formación de especialistas con alto nivel de desempeño, solidez en los principios ético-morales de la sociedad y elevada calificación científico-técnica. El estudio exploratorio en el Hospital Provincial Docente Clínico Quirúrgico “León Cuervo Rubio” de Pinar del Río, manifestó insuficiencias en la intención didáctica de integrar conocimientos teórico-prácticos a la solución de problemas del autoaprendizaje que enfrentan los médicos residentes en la actividad clínico–quirúrgica, que limitan el desarrollo de criterios para diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades quirúrgicas de las glándulas en estudio,  por tanto, el objetivo de la investigación ha sido desarrollar una concepción didáctica que a partir del empleo de métodos de los niveles teórico y empírico y estadístico-matemáticos, develara el carácter flexible, integrador y personalizado del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje para lo cual se determinó, la necesidad de ser guiado mediante la integración teórico práctica que trasciende a la interrelación cognitiva, al interés y las motivaciones por el autoaprendizaje en la actividad clínico–quirúrgica, principio rector en la modelación de la concepción, que mediante un sistema de ideas científicas diseña este proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje con base en la relación tríadica, formación del especialista-evolución histórica del conocimiento de la cirugía endocrina- desarrollo científico tecnológico articulados por las esencialidades del conocimiento teórico práctico,  lo estructura a través de las relaciones entre los componentes didácticos y lo proyecta para el autoaprendizaje, con enfoque desarrollador por etapas, todo lo cual es implementado en la práctica educativa a través de una estrategia cuyas acciones potencian las capacidades para el autoaprendizaje; devenidos estos elementos en los principales resultados de la investigación, fueron sometidos a validación teórica y práctica que develó reconocimiento a la importancia y  posibilidad de aplicabilidad y aceptación.
Estrategia educativa dirigida a adultos mayores hipertensos. La Palma. 2022
Authors: Valdés González María Del C. , Varga Esquivel Daimary , Ledesma Valdés Greter , Landeiro González Leydi Laura , Rodríguez Rodríguez Dunia
Published: January 2024

Introducción: la hipertensión arterial (HTA) constituye uno de los problemas médicos – sanitarios más importantes de la medicina contemporánea en los países desarrollados y el control de la misma es la piedra angular sobre la que hay que actuar para disminuir en forma significativa la morbi-letalidad por cardiopatía coronaria, enfermedades cerebro vasculares y renales en edades geriátricas.
Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre aspectos relacionados con la prevención de la hipertensión arterial en el adulto mayor.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio de Intervención en adultos mayores hipertensos pertenecientes al CMF  36 del municipio La Palma, en el período de septiembre del 2020 a septiembre de 2022. El universo estuvo constituido por la totalidad de adultos mayores hipertensos del consultorio y la muestra quedó conformada por 164 hipertensos según criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se utilizó el análisis porcentual como método estadístico.
Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 70-79 años, del sexo masculino. El grado de escolaridad más frecuente resultó ser la secundaria básica con un 46,3 %. Antes de la intervención los niveles de conocimientos con relación a los factores de riesgo, los signos y síntomas de la hipertensión y con relación al tratamiento, a la dieta y al ejercicio físico respectivamente fueron inadecuados, no siendo así después de aplicada la estrategia educativa en la que los pacientes del estudio revelaron tener conocimientos adecuados con relación al inicio.
Conclusiones: el desarrollo de la estrategia educativa implementada, permitió incrementar los conocimientos sobre la hipertensión arterial y así mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Evaluación del Manejo del Programa de Prevención de suicidio Pinar d Rio 2015-2020
Authors: Santiesteban Loaces Orelys , Serrano Gómez Aisa , Duarte Gonzalez Marielis
Published: January 2024

Introducción: el suicidio es un problema de salud por el impacto que ocasiona  social, psicológico y económicamente a las familias y al país.
Objetivo: evaluar el manejo del programa de Prevención de Suicidio en Pinar del Río. 2015-2020, en el Nivel Primario de Salud.
Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo,  desde  2015 al 2020, encuestando  cincuenta trabajadores de atención médica del policlínico Hermanos Cruz para explorar conocimientos sobre dicho Programa, en un  universo de 1840 occisos y una  muestra de 400, pertenecientes a dicho policlínico, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión - exclusión.
Resultados: predominio del sexo masculino, entre 30-59 años, de afinidad ancestral predominantemente europoide. La Hipertensión Arterial, enfermedades psiquiátricas menores y pacientes que se auto-medican ansiolíticos son los principales factores de riesgo y el método suicida más utilizado es el ahorcamiento fundamentalmente en el sexo masculino. Se demuestra desconocimiento  del Programa por parte de trabajadores del área de salud y el inadecuado funcionamiento e interrelación del Centro  de Salud Mental.
Conclusiones: el sexo masculino predominó en edades entre 30-59 años, de afinidad ancestral Europoide mediante la utilización del dogal como método elegido. La Hipertensión Arterial, las enfermedades psiquiátricas menores y pacientes que se auto-medican ansiolíticos son los principales factores de riesgo hacia esta conducta. El desconocimiento del Programa por parte de médicos y enfermeras del área de salud y el inadecuado funcionamiento e interrelación del Centro Comunitario de Salud Mental y el Nivel Primario de Salud se hace evidente.
Factores de riesgo asociados a los accidentes en edad pediátrica Policlínico Universitario Luis Augusto Turcios Lima
Authors: Ávila Beltrán Dianelys , Fuentes Reinoso Angelica , Blanco Carreño Joel , Díaz Calzada Marvelia
Published: January 2024

Introducción: los accidentes en los niños son considerados un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Su alta prevalencia hace necesario estudiar el problema tomando en consideración las características sociales, económicas y culturales, así como las dinámicas familiares, con la finalidad de implementar estrategias adecuadas de promoción y prevención de accidentes.
Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de accidentes en niños y los factores de riesgo asociados.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, diferentes artículos y libros que abordan los accidentes pediátricos.
Conclusiones: se identificó que los tipos de accidentes y lesiones varían según el grupo de edad, prevaleciendo como tipos de lesiones: heridas, quemaduras, fracturas, y el resto, superficiales, se constata una relación entre la escolaridad de los padres y los accidentes, el hogar como entorno más propicio. Se reafirma la necesidad de reforzar las medidas preventivas en el hogar para evitar los accidentes en los niños.
Factores de riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica en pacientes adultos mayores con hipertensión arterial
Authors: Calvo Cruz Yasbiel , Cruz Padilla Carlos , Hernández Alfaro María de la C
Published: January 2024

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se ha transformado en un problema médico y de salud pública que ha adquirido proporciones epidémicas. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo de enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) presentes en adultos mayores con Hipertensión Arterial pertenecientes al CMF# 9 del Policlínico "Pedro Borras" La Palma en el período comprendido de enero de 2020 a octubre de 2022.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo conformado por 258 pacientes adultos mayores con Hipertensión Arterial y la muestra por 227 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y se les aplicó un cuestionario que recogió las variables: edad, color de la piel, APF de ERC, alteraciones del perfil renal, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más frecuentes y  una vez recogida los datos, se aplicaron medidas estadísticas porcentuales y se presentaron en tablas.
Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo de 76 a 80 años, el sexo masculino y la raza blanca. La totalidad de los pacientes presentaban como mínimo dos factores de riesgo, los cuales coinciden con los factores de agravamiento de la ERC. La glomerulonefritis aguda y las litiasis renales resultaron ser los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. La nefropatía diabética y la obesidad las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles más destacadas. Las alteraciones del perfil renal más frecuentes fueron el filtrado glomerular seguido de la creatinina, urea y el ácido úrico.
Conclusiones: la  determinación de los factores de riego de ERC presentes en los pacientes estudiados permite establecer estrategias futuras de prevención.
HeberFERON® en el cáncer de piel no melanoma en zona H de la cara
Authors: González Arencibia Janet , Ramos Trujillo Midalys , Gómez Quezada Rocío
Published: January 2024

Introducción: el HeberFERON, ha mostrado excelentes resultados en la solución del cáncer de piel localizado en la región facial, específicamente el carcinoma basocelular (CBC), constituyendo una alternativa menos traumática para su tratamiento.
Objetivo: describir los resultados de la aplicación del HeberFERON en pacientes con CBC que acudieron a consulta de dermatología del Policlínico Luis Augusto Turcios Lima de Pinar del Río, de enero de 2020 a diciembre del 2021.
Metodología: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos clínicos con diagnóstico de CBC. Se incluyeron 30 casos con diagnóstico clínico, por dermatoscopia y estudio histopatológico por biopsia, localizados en la región anatómica llamada zona H de la cara. Se les aplicó el tratamiento con HeberFERON en diferentes ciclos de 3 semanas según respuesta. Reevaluándose mediante dermatoscopia, en un período comprendido entre las 8 y 16 semanas de concluido el tratamiento.
Resultados: junto al sexo femenino, el fototipo de piel II, la localización en el dorso de la nariz, el subtipo clínico e histológico ulcerado, fueron los más frecuentes. Todos los casos mostraron respuesta completa.
Conclusiones: se muestra la efectividad del tratamiento con HeberFERON en una serie de 30 casos diagnosticados de CBC. Entre las principales reacciones adversas que mostraron estos, se encuentran: fiebre, escalofríos y eritema en el sitio de infiltración. Este estudio muestra que el HeberFERON es una opción terapéutica para evitar mutilaciones en la zona H de la cara, lo cual hace recomendable su utilización en casos con el diagnóstico de cáncer de piel de tipo no melanoma.
Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas Bajas No Complicadas En Niños Menores De Cinco Años. Santa Lucía
Authors: Rivero Sánchez Claudia María , Pérez Borbón Danay , Fernández Blanco Daymi , Sánchez Lazo Lilian Lianna
Published: January 2024

Introducción: la infección respiratoria aguda baja no complicada tiene alta incidencia de morbimortalidad en niños menores de cinco años a nivel mundial y en Cuba.
Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de las infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas no complicadas en niños menores de cinco años pertenecientes al Policlínico “Enrique Camalleri Mena”, Santa Lucía, periodo 2019-2021.
Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. El universo estuvo integrado por 40 niños menores de cinco años de ambos sexos con factores de riesgo de infección respiratoria, y la muestra 30 niños con diagnóstico de infección respiratoria aguda baja no complicada durante el tiempo de la investigación, seleccionados de forma intencional y que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de la revisión de historias clínicas y encuesta, analizando variables tales como: edad, sexo, nivel escolar de la madre, factor de riesgo biológico, tipo de infección respiratoria, factores de riesgo asociado a infección respiratoria, antecedentes patológicos personales y tipo de parto, reflejándose en tablas de frecuencia variable para su mejor interpretación, utilizando el porciento absoluto y relativo.
Resultados: predominó la edad menor de seis meses, sexo masculino, nivel de escolaridad de preuniversitario, no lactancia materna hasta los seis meses, con bronquitis aguda, contaminación del aire en la vivienda, enfermedades parasitarias y el parto normal.
Conclusiones: la lactancia materna inadecuada, contaminación del aire en la vivienda, enfermedades parasitarias, hacinamiento y hábito de fumar constituyeron factores de riesgo de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas en niños menores de cinco años.
Low birth weight and associated maternal risk factors. Pedro Borras Polyclinic
Authors: Lescalle Ortíz Yoleiny de la Caridad , Cabrera Mejico Damaris , Mena Cabrera Yamaris Mercedes , Quintana Gonzalez Yudisleidy , Sánchez Pedroso Milexis
Published: January 2024

Introduction: low birth weight is considered to be any newborn who at the time of delivery weighs less than 2500g, whatever the cause and regardless of the duration of gestation.
Objective: to describe the maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight at the Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic in the city of Pinar del Rio from January 2020 to May 2022.
Methods: a descriptive, prospective longitudinal research was carried out on 24 mothers whose product of conception was a low-birth-weight neonate at the Pedro Borras Polyclinic, out of a universe of 529 live births in the period from January 2020 to May 2022, to whom a survey was applied to identify the main risk factors that intervened in its incidence.
Results: the maternal risk factors associated with LBW were: maternal age, pregnancy without a stable partner, medium school level, smoking as a toxic habit, short inter-gestational period, preterm delivery, chronic pathologies prior to gestation such as Diabetes mellitus, AHT and pregnancy-associated conditions, with emphasis on genitourinary infections and nutritional anemia.
Conclusions: despite being a small sample, it was possible to establish a significant association between the risk factors found and the occurrence of LBW.
Clinical-epidemiological characterization of cataract in people over 60 years of age
Authors: Rodríguez Cabrera Yaritza , Peña Aroche Haime , Contreras Tamargo Yolanda , Díaz Martínez Maikel
Published: January 2024

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out consisting of the epidemiological clinical characterization of senile cataract in patients over 60 years of age seen in the ophthalmology office in the municipality of Viñales Pinar del Río, in the period from 2015 to 2016. A total of 546 patients between the ages of 60 years and older with a diagnosis of senile cataract and visual acuity less than 0,3 in the Sellen chart were studied by means of a non-probabilistic sampling of type subjects. A structured interview was applied to the entire sample. We arrived at the following results: significant predominance of the female sex and the age group 60 to 69 years, the most frequent accompanying systemic disease in these patients is diabetes mellitus, among the most frequent risk factors identified by the patients is smoking, within the same group predominate patients with grade I of validism, according to the way they live we observed great predominance in patients who live accompanied and according to the visual acuity predominance of the group greater than 0,3.
Clinical-epidemiological characterization and comprehensive care of the effects of noise pollution on health. Sandino Dairy Company
Authors: Arbolaez Miranda Yuneisy , Cueto Carmona Abel , Díaz Blanco Sol Maria , Garcia Gerona Yaima , Arbolaez Miranda Yaneisy
Published: January 2024

Exposure to high intensity industrial noise can cause alterations in the different organs of the human body and lead to the appearance of different diseases. Noise is a factor that has been present in the life of human beings since their existence, it is generated in most activities and it is also true that it has increased in work environments. This study aims to characterize clinically and epidemiologically the health alterations and to outline intervention actions in the comprehensive care of the effects of noise pollution in workers of the Combinado Lácteo of the Sandino municipality in the period from September 2019 to September 2021. A prospective, descriptive and observational longitudinal study was carried out as a noise emitting source, to the workers of the mentioned factory. The universe consisted of a total of 120 workers directly or indirectly exposed to industrial noise. The sample consisted of 46 cases with a diagnosis of hypoacusis and other health alterations related to noise exposure. Hearing loss (17 % for both sexes), arterial hypertension (39 % for males and 23 % for females) and anxiety (13 % for males and 15 % for females) were the most frequent health disorders in the exposed population.
Clinical-etiologic behavior of female infertility in the population of San Juan
Authors: Castro Montesino Daelys , Díaz Melvis , Herrera Malagón Maidelys , Amaro Díaz Yariel , Mesa Fernández Lilibet
Published: January 2024

Introduction: the study of the infertile couple is complex and costly and requires the attention of the practitioner. Objective: to describe the clinical-etiological characteristics of female infertility in the municipality of San Juan y Martínez in the period 2020-2022. Method: a prospective longitudinal observational study was carried out on the female population classified as infertile, evaluating causal and risk factors. Documentary analysis and descriptive statistics were used to process the statistical data obtained. The ethical norms of health research were complied with. Results: the mean age was 29,6±7,5 years, 68,2 % presented secondary infertility, with statistical significance p<0,05. Fifty-seven percent had infertility time of less than 2 years. 51,3 % were over 30 years of age, university graduate (78,6 %). 53,2 % had pelvic inflammatory disease (OR=2,81, RR=2,11, p=0,009), and history of STI (OR= 2,69, RR=1,99, p=0,006). 37,7 % showed a history of abortions, and 33,8 % reported having psychological symptoms. 18,2 % and 18,3 % presented obesity (RR=2,03, p=0,0036), and a history of endocrine-metabolic disorder (RR=2,29, p=0,0005), showing association between variables and statistical significance. We obtained 50 % (n=77) of clinical pregnancies and 42,2 % (n=65) of live births, with an efficacy of the program above 40 %. Conclusions: the analysis of female infertility was based on the following results.
Pregnant women's knowledge of the implications of overweight and obesity during pregnancy
Authors: Santos Geliz Virginia , Grandia Pérez Liosbel , Caraballo Prieto Yenia , Pérez Cruz Leidy Mary , Delgado Vergara Niurka
Published: January 2024

Introduction: overweight and obesity are currently of great importance, with numerous implications for maternal-fetal health during pregnancy.
Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about the implications of overweight and obesity in pregnancy.
Methods: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, carried out in a sample of 189 pregnant women, belonging to the Modesto Gómez Rubio Teaching Polyclinic, San Juan y Martínez, between 2020 and 2022. The documentary review of clinical histories and the application of a questionnaire allowed obtaining information that gave an output to the variables studied, respecting medical ethics.
Results: pregnant women aged ≥ 40 years (25,9 %) predominated, 56,1 % of them had white skin color, 48.1 % had pre-university school level, and 39,7 % were overweight at the time of enrollment. Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (5,3 and 4,2 % respectively) were the main personal pathological antecedents. The orientations of the health personnel (88,4 %) were the main source of information on the implications of overweight and obesity during pregnancy, 72 % of the pregnant women having sufficient knowledge about them.
Conclusions: the demographic profile of the pregnant women was described, showing a predominance of those who were overweight at the time of the interview, and the main personal pathological antecedents were also identified. Among the sources of information on the implications of overweight and obesity for pregnancy, orientation by health personnel was the main one, with a predominance of pregnant women with a sufficient level of knowledge.
Ultrasound and histological correlation of thyroid nodules using the TI-RADS classification
Authors: De Paula Paredes Analiz , Ortega Martínez Darían , Musa Rodríguez Miriam , Arteaga Hernández Jose
Published: January 2024

A descriptive, longitudinal, prospective study was carried out in the population who attended multidisciplinary Thyroid consultation and who presented diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease in the Municipality of Pinar del Río. In the period from December 2019 to June 2022, where the histological and ultrasound correlation of thyroid nodules was evaluated using the TI-RADS classification and variables such as age, skin color, sex, ultrasound characteristics of the nodules were defined. The universe was constituted by patients who attended the multidisciplinary thyroid consultation and the sample was intentional, represented by a total of 109 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The results obtained were presented in tables and graphs from which statistical tests of percentage (descriptive statistics) were performed. The results showed that: the predominant age was 51-60 years, white skin color and female sex. Benign nodules predominated in the patients according to their size. The most prevalent characteristic suggestive of malignancy was hypoechogenicity of the nodules. In the distribution of patients according to TIRADS and Bethesda, grade 2 predominated in both, prevailing nodules with low suspicion of malignancy. It was concluded that from the correlation findings, it was determined that the TIRADS/BETHESDA ratio for diagnosing nodules suspicious of benignity coincided in its totality, and only in half for nodules suspicious of malignancy.
Effectiveness of low power laser in the therapy of patients with Chronic Fibroedematous Gingivitis
Authors: González García Xiomara , Porras Mitjans Osmary , Carmona Concepción Juan Antonio , González Simón Claudia María
Published: January 2024

Introduction: low power laser therapy has proven to be effective, minimally invasive and free of side effects. A large number of patients with periodontal diseases come to the stomatological services. It is necessary to use treatment techniques
with encouraging results, superior to conventional therapeutics.
Objective: to evaluate the response of the low power laser in the treatment of patients with gingivitis.
in the treatment of patients with chronic fibroedematous gingivitis.
Methods: a quasi-experimental study of therapeutic intervention was carried out at the Ormani Arenado Llonch Stomatological Clinic, Pinar del Río, from January to July 2022. The universe (70) and the sample (40) was a non-probabilistic sample at the authors' discretion, according to inclusion criteria. The variables used were: age group, biological sex, evolution and effectiveness of the treatment. The local punctual irradiation technique was applied, evaluating its evolution at 7, 15 and 21 days, using the categories cured, improved and the same. A data base was made and processed, using descriptive statistics, reflected in absolute and relative percentage frequencies.
Results: the age group between 39 and 48 years old prevailed with 42,5 %, being significant the predominance of the male sex with 60 %. Forty-five percent of the patients were cured in a period of one to seven days, reaching 77,5 % between one and fifteen days. An effectiveness rate of 97,5 % was achieved.
Conclusions: it was possible to prove the effectiveness of low power laser in the therapy of patients with Chronic Fibroedematous Gingivitis. No adverse effects were recorded, so its use is recommended.
Exercises for the development of spelling skills in students of technical careers
Authors: Ramos Torres Danay , Izquierdo Machín Jessica
Published: January 2024

Education centers in Cuba are immersed in a broad process of improvement, aimed at responding to the needs that society demands nowadays and from which future health technicians are not exempt. That is why, in spite of the fact that spelling skills should be strengthened since primary education, there are still difficulties on the part of students regarding the mastery of spelling rules and other essential elements of the mother tongue that should be taken into account to express themselves adequately in written and oral form; therefore, the objective of this work is the elaboration of a system of exercises to develop spelling skills in technical language in students of the technical careers of the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. "Ernesto Che Guevara", in the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. "Ernesto Che Guevara" and "Ernesto Che Guevara". "Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna" that will allow us to work on their improvement. Empirical methods such as observation and documentary analysis will be used, which allowed us to reveal the lack of knowledge of the Spanish accentuation rules and the orthographic rules of the main graphemes of the Spanish language used in the technical language to be used, which negatively affects communication in written form and in terms of the result of the final evaluation in each of the subjects they receive in their respective curricula of study and therefore do not contribute to the comprehensive training of future professionals who study in this campus.
Oral health status of pregnant women in a health area
Authors: González García Xiomara , Porras Mitjans Osmary , Díaz Acosta Aicza Madelaine , Cabrera Abreu Eliesther , Hernández Arteaga Marielys
Published: January 2024

Introduction: pregnancy is a natural process, a stage of great physiological modifications in the organism, which can lead to the appearance of disorders in the oral health status, which makes it necessary to take care of the pregnant woman's oral health.
Objective: to characterize the oral health status of pregnant women belonging to the health area of the "Raúl Sánchez Rodríguez" University Polyclinic, who attended the "Ormani Arenado Llonch" Teaching Stomatology Clinic, during the period from January to July 2022.
Material and methods: a transversal descriptive observational study was carried out. The universe consisted of 100 pregnant women and the sample consisted of 53, who gave their consent to participate in the research, and the variables studied were: age groups, risk factors (deficient oral hygiene, cariogenic diet and toxic habits) and oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease and masticatory dysfunction). The information was obtained by questioning and oral examination. For the statistical analysis the data were processed in an Excel spreadsheet, using the distributions of absolute and relative frequencies.
Results: the age group 18 to 22 years predominated with 20,75 %, dental caries was the most frequent disease together with deficient oral hygiene with 69,81 % and 66,21 % respectively.
Conclusions: the presence of oral diseases and risk factors led to the deterioration of the oral health status of pregnant women.
Human papillomavirus educational intervention strategy for women of childbearing age
Authors: Rivera Miranda Yiliana , Sánchez Oropesa Yanet , Miranda Cordero Ludmila , Pérez Rilova Darianna , Martínez Alonso Ivian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: human papillomavirus has become a major health problem, its morbidity and mortality rates are increasing despite the large diagnostic and therapeutic programs achieved in recent years.
Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on human papillomavirus knowledge.
Methods: an intervention study was carried out to modify knowledge about the human papillomavirus in women of childbearing age at CMF #25, in the health area of Pons in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre during the period from May 2020 to May 2022, the universe was made up of 151 women, and the sample selected by criteria was 109.
Results: the predominant age range was 20 to 29 years, and the risk factors present in the sample were the presence of sexual relations beginning before 18 years of age, multiple sexual partners, and unprotected sexual relations. Significant differences were found between the evaluation before and after the level of knowledge about the risk of frequent change of partners and sexually transmitted diseases and their relationship with the human papilloma virus, as well as smoking, the use of hormonal contraceptives and the importance of the cytological test as a means of early diagnosis.
Conclusions: it is demonstrated that the application of the educational intervention strategy was of great importance in terms of increasing the knowledge of risk factors for human papillomavirus in patients of CMF 25 of the Pons health area in the municipality of Minas de Matahambre.
Educational intervention strategy on arterial hypertension. Clinic No.5
Authors: Ortega Laureiro Carlos Alberto , Valle Campos Maria Cristina , Pérez Pérez Caridad , Álvarez Ramos Yaimelin , Zambrana Alfonso Armando
Published: January 2024

Introduction: arterial hypertension is one of the most important factors affecting mortality due to cardiovascular disease.
Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on knowledge about hypertension.
Methods: an intervention study was carried out to modify knowledge about arterial hypertension in CMF #5, Viñales municipality. The universe consisted of 210 hypertensive patients, and the sample selected by criteria was 140. Data collection was done through a survey and absolute frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the information.
Results: the predominant age group was over 50 years of age. The risk factors present in the sample were sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of salt and fat in meals, smoking and alcoholism. Significant differences were found between the evaluation before and after the level of knowledge of risk factors, possible complications, lifestyle modifications and drug treatment.
Conclusions: it is demonstrated that the application of the educational intervention strategy was of great importance in terms of increasing knowledge about arterial hypertension in doctor's office number 5 in the municipality of Viñales.
Ética e investigación con seres humanos. Criterios y exigencias de la OMS/OPS
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Yoan Michel
Published: January 2024

Introducción: desde el surgimiento de las prácticas médicas y la investigación científica para profundizar en el conocimiento del cuerpo humano, las reacciones a sustancias, las posibles curas a enfermedades, el hombre se vio obligado a regular su actuar en esta área, mayormente impulsado por el freno que en este sentido le imponía la Iglesia, ya que, en definitiva, el hombre es imagen y semejanza de Dios.
Objetivo: determinar los principales requerimientos que tienen la OMS y el MINSAP, en el área de la investigación con seres humanos.
Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de 32 artículos sobre el tema, en revistas en el periodo del 2021.
Resultado: se trazaron una serie de preceptos o leyes que, desde la ética de la dignidad humana, se plantearon la necesidad de tratar con respeto a aquellos que recibían los servicios médicos. Tal es el caso del juramento hipocrático, el cual se considera el código de ética más antiguo en la rama de la salud, y que aún hoy en día sigue siendo utilizado, con algunas modificaciones. Con los sucesos de los campos de concentración en la Alemania NAZI, y las investigaciones que llevaron a cabo los médicos con los prisioneros, el mundo se dio cuenta que era necesario plasmar en leyes internacionales, los procedimientos por los cuales se debían regir en el futuro los investigadores. Surge así, el Código de Núremberg, salido de los juicios a los criminales de guerra. Más adelante la Asociación Médica Mundial reunida en Helsinki, elabora otro código, el Código de Helsinki, con los mismos fines, pero más elaborado, finalmente muchos países se vieron en la necesidad de elaborar leyes que a lo interno de sus naciones regularan las investigaciones.
Evaluación de la morbilidad cervical según programa de detección precoz de cáncer cérvico-uterino. Mantua
Authors: Miranda Benítez Amantaku , Gómez Abreu Elianys , Pujada Muñoz Luis A , Varela Travieso Amelis , Ramos Roque Yoelis
Published: January 2024

Cervical neoplasia is one of the most common diseases in women today, as it is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. Each year around 466 000 new cases of cervical cancer occur worldwide, resulting in the death of 231 000 women per year. A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out on the Program of early detection of cervical-uterine cancer in the municipality of Mantua.2020-2021, with the objective of characterizing malignant and premalignant pathologies in women over 18 years of age in the municipality of Mantua. 2021. The universe was made up of the female population aged between 18 and 60 years and over, included in the program, with a total of 6630. A sample of 251 women from the territory, between 18 and 60 years of age and over, with positive cytological tests, was used as a sample. In order to meet the proposed objectives, the documentary analysis procedure was used, reviewing the cytology cards. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics, using the percentage as a summary measure. This documentary review made it possible to obtain data for the execution of the research. This study made it possible to identify the most affected age groups, the risk factors, as well as the form of presentation of neck pathologies in Mantua municipality, Pinar del Río province.
Evaluation of the congenital malformation screening program by alpha-fetoprotein quantification. Sandino
Authors: Ramírez Sosa Pedro Antonio , Prieto Hernández Yarelis , Ajete Rodríguez Rosa María , Ledesma Vega Yenia , Martínez Fernández Yusimi , González Borges Yeisleidy
Published: January 2024

Introduction: in recent years, the Program for Diagnosis and Prevention of Genetic Diseases has contributed to reduce the infant mortality rate and to improve the quality of life of the population. Objectives: to evaluate the prenatal diagnosis program for congenital malformations, through the quantification of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum. Methods: a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on the total number of pregnant women from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018, in the two Health Areas of the Sandino municipality using data from the municipal and provincial Genetics consultation. Results: the coverage of the AFPSM program was 98,13 % and of them 6,46 % resulted high, patients without explainable cause were the predominant ones with 33,93 % followed by threatened abortion and low maternal weight with 22,92 and 21,57 % respectively, 5,84 % were due to some type of fetal malformation. The most frequent fetal malformations were neural tube closure defects and anterior wall defects with 34,61 and 26,92 % respectively. Conclusions: the prenatal diagnosis program for congenital malformations through the determination of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum has been improved over time, as shown by the increase in screening, the number and type of malformations diagnosed, as well as the decrease in infant mortality due to this type of malformation.
Poor prognostic factors in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital
Authors: Cuador Cue Ana Laura , Oliva Rodríguez Heidys de la C. , Ramírez Muñoz Igrayne , Sobrino Trujillo Yuniel , Fábregas Valdés Abel
Published: January 2024

The brain is the organ most prone to bleed on its own surface. One of the most frequent forms occurs in the subarachnoid space, a condition known as Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH).  An investigation was carried out with the aim of characterizing the factors that determine the appearance of secondary lesions in patients over 18 years of age with non-traumatic SAH admitted to the stroke ward and ICU of the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Hospital during the period 2020 - 2022.  The information was obtained directly by interview and exhaustive review of the clinical history by means of a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study; the data were processed following descriptive statistics, basically of percentage ratio.  The universe consisted of 125 patients with this diagnosis who attended the emergency department at that stage and the sample consisted of 63 patients admitted to the stroke or ICU department who met the inclusion criteria. In addition to sociodemographic variables, etiological factors, time elapsed from symptom onset to medical care, tomographic characteristics by Fisher classification, most frequent complications in the sample, decision of medical or surgical treatment, mortality and hospital stay were analyzed. There was a predominance of men, white skin color and ethereal group aged 70 to 79 years. Most of the patients were from rural areas. The most frequent etiological factors were HT and aneurysmal causes. The vast majority with tomographic study according to Fisher classification were type II and IV.  Among the most frequent non-neurological complications, pneumonia was associated with high mortality and prolonged hospital stay. An average stay of 12 days. Mortality below average and associated with non-interventional treatment.
Cardiovascular risk factors in older adults. Medical office 6
Authors: Díaz Pena Yuliany , Gómez Guerra Diana Belkis , Ramírez Fernández Máximo , González Izquierdo Luis M , Guevara Sabatier Osvaldo
Published: January 2024

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are a group of conditions of the heart and blood vessels. There are risk factors that have a greater contribution in the development of these diseases.
Objective: to identify cardiovascular risk factors in older adults belonging to the family doctor's office No. 6 from January 2020 to April 2022.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, from a universe of 192 older adults, 152 were selected by non-probabilistic purposive sampling. Theoretical and empirical methods, such as surveys, were used for data collection. For statistical analysis, the distribution of absolute frequencies and percentages were used, in addition to the Odds ratio, to verify the association between risk factors and cardiovascular diseases.
Results: the predominant age group in the sample studied was between 60 and 69 years of age and female sex; alcohol consumption, smoking, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension were the cardiovascular risk factors significantly associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases; more than half of the sample presented a diagnostic conclusion of high risk for the development of a cardiovascular event.
Conclusions: cardiovascular risk factors in older adults constitute a problem to be faced by Primary Health Care in order to reduce the development of cardiovascular diseases in this age group.
Risk factors related to low birth weight in Pinar del Río municipality 2019
Authors: Gil Figueroa Bertha Vivian , Martin Piedra Idalberto , Morejón Tapia Estela , Padrón Iglesias Pablo Jesús , Morales Francisco Yuritza
Published: January 2024

Introduction: low birth weight is a complex health problem. It is determined by several factors and is the most important predictive index of infant mortality.
Objective: to describe the risk factors related to low birth weight in the municipality of Pinar del Río. 2019
Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 94 live newborns with low birth weight in the period studied and the sample was 93 that met the inclusion criteria established in the research. The variables used were: maternal age, gestational age at birth, risk factors (personal pathological history, conditions associated with pregnancy), nutritional assessment and weight gain during gestation. The sources used were the medical records of the mothers and newborns. Data were summarized in absolute and relative frequencies.
Results: maternal age between 20 and 25 years predominated with 36,55 %, mainly in the interval of 33 to 36 weeks of gestation, vaginal discharge syndrome and anemia prevailed with 7,52 and 6,45 % respectively; a predominance of vaginal infection was found (19,35 %). The 52,68 % were normal weight and 34,40 % with adequate weight gain.
Conclusions: low birth weight was significantly associated with mothers between 20 and 25 years old, with gestation time less than 37 weeks, with predominance of infection; both modification and knowledge of the risk factors associated with low birth weight will have a favorable impact on its reduction.
Educational intervention for the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. Municipality of Viñales
Authors: González Osniel , Pérez Irialis , Muñoz Yenisleidy
Published: January 2024

Adolescence is usually the age of contradictions and misunderstandings, all this together with misinformation and lack of sexual education, makes it possible for adolescents to believe that they are able to conceive. A quasi-experimental study (educational intervention) was carried out with the objective of raising the level of knowledge in adolescents with the implementation of an educational program on pregnancy in CMF 32, Viñales municipality, during the period from January 2021 to March 2022. The sample consisted of 44 female adolescents. A survey was applied before and after the intervention that collected the variables: age, level of knowledge about the appropriate age to have the first child, contraceptive methods and the consequences of pregnancy. The data were processed through a frequency analysis (%) and the nonparametric test of the sign test was applied to evaluate the modifications in the knowledge of the adolescents before and after the intervention. It was possible to increase knowledge about pregnancy in the adolescents under study. It was obtained that 100 % of the adolescents have knowledge on topics such as: pregnancy in adolescence, optimal age of pregnancy, contraceptive methods and complications with a lower level of risk to the fetus. A total of 93,2 % know about contraceptive methods, thus reducing the number of adolescent pregnancies, as well as the formation of the first group of health promoters.
Epidermal necrolysis in a renal transplanted patient
Authors: Fuentes Milián Yangel , Hernández Valdés Víctor Manuel , Crusa Lorenzo Maydelis
Published: January 2024

Introduction: epidermal necrolysis is a mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction induced mainly by drugs and infections. It includes two conditions that differ in the percentage of affected skin: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
Case presentation: 52-year-old female patient, white skin, with personal pathological history of mesangial glomerulonephritis (IgA) and secondary chronic renal failure, nephrotransplanted since 34 years ago, with functional graft under immunosuppressive treatment. She was referred from her health area to the Nephrology Service of the General Teaching Hospital "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" for presenting evolving herpes zoster, with bacterial superinfection in the right hemithorax, accompanied by intense pain, fever up to 39 °C, general malaise and disseminated dermatosis. 
Conclusions: the patient presented a picture of epidermal necrolysis related to the immunosuppressive state after renal transplantation as a complication of herpes zoster.  The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and through timely treatment, a satisfactory discharge was possible.
Level of knowledge about smoking among adolescents in clinic 13. Consejo Popular Minas
Authors: González González Yerais , Prieto Alfonso Adriana , Martínez González Antonio , Acosta Valdés Mayle , Acosta Camejo Annareyi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: consumerist lifestyles and lifestyles have been established in modern life. The habit of smoking in adolescence from an early age favors the increase of various health problems.
Objective: to determine the level of knowledge about smoking among adolescents in Clinic #13, Minas Popular Council, "José Elías Borges" Polyclinic, during the period from June 2020 to May 2022.
Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe consisted of 94 adolescents and the sample consisted of 89, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by criteria, theoretical and empirical methods were used for data collection such as interview and questionnaire, the statistical analysis was performed using frequency distribution and percentage.
Results: adolescents between 16 and 18 years of age, male and with an approved high school level, predominated as an associated disease, predominantly gastritis. The reasons for starting the habit were mainly conditioned by the influence of friends; in general, adolescents have an inadequate level of knowledge since they are unaware of the consequences of smoking on their health.
Conclusions: adolescence is the time when smokers mainly start smoking, therefore, preventive work is necessary from early stages of life.
Cell Counts in Neubauer's Chamber. A teaching tool for management and developmental learning
Authors: Barrera Romero Orlando , Hernández Morejon Denia , Izquierdo Paredes Aray , Rodríguez Alvarez Mayda
Published: January 2024

The use of teaching aids has a significant influence on the improvement of the Teaching-Learning Process. The problem encountered refers to the subject: Introduction to the Laboratory, which belongs to the Discipline: Integral Laboratory Diagnosis, which is taught in the 1st year of the Clinical Bioanalysis and Clinical Analysis and Transfusion Medicine career of the Short Cycle Superior Technician, in the Subject: Laboratory Glassware and in particular Neubauer Chamber, in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río. The implementation of a teaching aid that shows the necessary aspects for the assembly, reading and analysis of cell counts in the different sections of the Clinical Laboratory that require it to facilitate the delivery of reliable laboratory results, will offer a solution to the following Scientific Problem: How to contribute to the developmental learning in the subject of Laboratory Introduction in the Clinical Bioanalysis Careers in the Faculty of Medical Sciences Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna? This work aims to design graphic and theoretical elements to facilitate the understanding, assimilation and mastery of the content related to: Neubauer Chamber. For the conception of this didactic means, the facilities of ICT were used, essentially the Excel program, reaching the conclusion that this theoretical-practical contribution constitutes a valuable tool to introduce this new content, to accompany the student in the realization of the practical activities of Education at Work and to favor the interdisciplinarity with the subject of Informatics I.