bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A stitch in time: revolutionizing cancer care in Pakistan
Authors: Haseeb Ur Rehman  , Hamza Naeem  , Ariba Shamsher
Published: July 2024

Madam,
Pakistan is a developing country in South Asia with a young population. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, more than 178,000 new cancer patients are diagnosed in Pakistan each year, and the number of people that die from cancer is more than 117,000 per annum. [1]. Most cancer patients in Pakistan present when they are in the advanced stage of their disease. It makes it far more difficult to help the patients rendering efforts at complete cure futile.[1]. One of the leading causes of late identification of cancer is a lack of awareness of cancer as a possible diagnosis, even among physicians, followed by poverty and a lack of basic education and facilities. Pakistan, being a developing country, is facing cancer treatment as a major issue. There are less than 40 hospitals nationwide that claim to provide cancer treatment and facilities for cancer patients [1]. The lack of formal cancer referral channels in Pakistan's health system is a serious problem. This means that patients with suspected cancer may not receive timely diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a referral pathway like the one used by NICE (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence) for suspected cancer recognition and referral as shown in figure 1 [2].
The importance of cancer referral pathways lies in their ability to facilitate early diagnosis of cancer. Early diagnosis is critical for improving patient outcomes and increasing survival rates. A cohort study on the English urgent referral pathway identified a subgroup of 37% of patients with a low propensity to use urgent referral. Patients with these practices had 7% higher mortality rate compared to the patients having access to urgent cancer referrals. The absolute difference in cumulative mortality was about 5% to 6% in the risk of death four years after the diagnosis of cancer [3]. In the United Kingdom, a formal cancer referral pathway has been put in place to guarantee that patients with suspected cancer receive prompt diagnoses and treatments. Guidelines for referral of suspected cancer have been issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). [4] It describes proper primary care investigations and whom to refer for a specialist's opinion. It attempts to inform people about what to anticipate if they experience symptoms that could be cancer.[4]
Unfortunately, in Third World countries like Pakistan, there is no such formal pathway.
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Students’ Grammatical Mistakes on the Use of Language Features in Composing Narrative Text
Authors: Tahang Heriyanti , A Yuliana , Oratmangun Emiliana , Syahira Syahira , Shoheh Shoheh
Published: July 2024

A narrative text with several grammatical and linguistic aspects is one of the texts learned in senior high school. In fact, according to the researcher's prior observation, students faced numerous challenges when attempting to write it, especially grammatical mistakes in using language features. This study aims to detect grammatical errors in the utilization of language elements in narrative texts produced by students, as well as to determine the underlying reasons contributing to these errors. The recent research employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Eight of the eleventh-grade students studying Online Business and Marketing major in SMK Negeri 1 Kota Sorong have been selected as the participants in this research. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation which restricted social interactions, only those students than could be reached out to gather data. The data was derived from a writing exam and a semi-structured interview. Upon analyzing the student's writing, it was discovered that they made errors in utilizing the simple past tense and action verbs. Simultaneously, the interview data indicated that the causes contributing to grammatical errors in using language features in this study were limitations, lack of attention, and carelessness. This research finding implied that the teacher must identify the most effective technique to engage the student's attention and enable them to concentrate on acquiring language skills for future use in creating narrative texts.
Bursa Efek dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Duwi Lismawati  , Nurma Wahyu Lestari  , Mochammad Miftahul Hakim  , Mohammad Asrori
Published: July 2024

The term "buying and selling transactions with goods" has been heard by many people and has now developed very rapidly. Even carrying out buying and selling transactions abroad. In addition, buying and selling transactions in the form of money are increasing every year. People are more interested in investing in a company or institution that is equivalent to using the assets they own through capital market intermediaries. At the time of Rasulullah SAW, the name stock exchange had never been heard of. Seeing this does not mean it is haram. Therefore, there are still many scholars who disagree about this matter.
Kontribusi Usaha Ayam Broiler Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Masyarakat Desa
Authors: Haruni Ode  , Rumbiati  , Parmini  , Eva Yuniarti Utami  , Jeane Talakua
Published: July 2024

Ayam broiler atau ayam potong merupakan jenis ayam pedaging dari hasil persilangan ayam yang memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi terutama dalam memproduksi daging ayam. Usaha ayam broiler ini merupakan usaha kecil menengah, tetapi jenis usaha yang memberikan peluang sangat besar tidak hanya untuk masyarakat yang memiliki usaha saja, namun juga masyarakat yang bekerja dan terlibat dalam usaha ini.  Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dimana data yang diperoleh bergantung pada informasi yang diberikan oleh para informan. Oleh karena itu, informan yang dipilih dalam proses pengambilan data ada beberapa informan seperti pengusaha, pekerja dan pedagang. Subjek penelitiannya adalah masyarakat yang memiliki usaha ayam broiler serta masyarakat yang terlibat di dalam usaha ayam broiler tersebut seperti peternak, pekerja dan pedagang. broiler ini dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat Desa diperoleh keterangan dari masyarakat yang terlibat dalam usaha ini seperti pengusaha, peternak dan pedagang bahwa usaha ini mampu mencukupi dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian usaha ayam broiler ini berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat Desa. Dari hasil usaha ayam broiler ini mampu memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat bahkan dapat mengembangkan usahanya sehingga menjadi lebih besar. Para pengusaha tidak langsung memasarkan hasil ternaknya, namun dipasarkan oleh para pedagang, sehingga banyak masyarakat yang tidak memiliki pekerjaan berinisatif untuk berdagang terutama menjual ayam.
Determination of Financial Performance in Predicting Profit Growth of Consumer Goods Industry Companies
Authors: Wahasusmiah Rolia
Published: July 2024

The phenomenon of profit growth is not just a number, but a critical indicator in measuring the success of a company's performance. It is a tangible reflection of how effectively and efficiently the management parties have managed the resources owned by the company. Therefore, financial analysis is not just a tool, but a necessity to analyze and estimate profits and make decisions on the growth of profits to be achieved in the future. Factors that can influence earnings growth are Total Asset Turnover (TAT), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Working Capital to Asset (WCTA). The problem in this study is how the influence of TAT, NPM, ROA, DER, and WCTA on profit growth. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that Total Asset Turnover (TAT), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Working Capital to Asset (WCTA) do not affect profit growth.
Rekayasa Aplikasi Edutainment Untuk Mengembangkan Sensor Motorik Pada Anak–Anak Berbasis Desktop
Authors: Seprian Adam , Astuti Lastri Widya , Ramadhan Mustafa
Published: July 2024

Edutainment comes from education, which means education, and entertainment, which means entertainment. So, in terms of language, education is entertaining. In this case, fun learning is usually done with humor, games, role-playing, and demonstrations. Learning can also be done in other ways as long as it can provide fun learning for students. At this age, they are in the most rapid growth and development period, both physically and mentally. Therefore, the author created a desktop-based edutainment application to develop motoric sensors in children that can accelerate growth with the hope that children can directly use the game application and gain more knowledge and change learning patterns not to be bored. This edutainment application is a learning application for early childhood ages ranging from 3 to 6 years, and it contains material for learning letters, numbers, pictures, and counting. The research method and development of this edutainment application is the rational unified process (RUP) method, a software engineering method developed by collecting various best practices in software.
The Impact of Economic Openness on Environmental Sustainability in Nigeria
Authors: Aiyepeku Timothy Ariyo
Published: July 2024

This study seeks to explore the impact of economic openness on environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Using time series data spanning 1981-2021 sourced from World Development Indicators (WDI) and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method of regression analysis to analyze the relationship between environmental sustainability (methane as the measure of sustainability or environmental quality) and economic openness (GDP, FDI and Degree of openness), the result indicates that in the long run, the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables are positive but statistical insignificant, whereas, the result further reveals that all the variables except FDI have a short run negative impact on the environment but the impacts are statistically insignificant. It was therefore recommended among others that polices that makes investment attractive to investors as well as improve international trade should be encouraged. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that, it is the first single-country study to use CH4 (methane) as a measure of environmental quality for the case of Nigeria.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Sentiment Analysis in Social Media
Authors: Joseph Thomas
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study sought to analyze Natural Language Processing (NLP) for sentiment analysis in social media.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to Natural Language Processing (NLP) for sentiment analysis in social media. Preliminary empirical review revealed that advanced computational techniques significantly advanced the understanding of sentiments across diverse social media platforms. Methodologies such as machine learning algorithms and deep learning models like CNNs and RNNs demonstrated robust capabilities in categorizing sentiments accurately and capturing contextual nuances such as sarcasm and slang. The research highlighted the interdisciplinary nature of NLP applications, integrating linguistics with computer science and social sciences to develop effective frameworks for analyzing large-scale social media data. These findings contributed to enhancing decision-making in marketing, politics, and public opinion research, pointing towards future directions in hybrid NLP models for improved sentiment analysis across different languages and cultural contexts.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Constructionism, Cognitive Linguistics and Discourse Analysis Theory may be used to anchor future studies on Natural Language Processing (NLP). The recommendations aimed to advance theoretical foundations by exploring deep learning models and nuanced sentiment lexicons. Practical applications were enhanced through the development of scalable NLP tools for real-time data processing and integration into social media platforms. Policy implications focused on establishing ethical guidelines for data privacy and bias mitigation in sentiment analysis algorithms. Cross-disciplinary collaboration fostered innovation by integrating insights from computer science, linguistics, psychology, and social sciences. Education initiatives and international collaborations were prioritized to build capacity and standardize methodologies globally, ensuring advancements in both research and practical deployment of sentiment analysis technologies.
Machine Learning Models for Predictive Maintenance in Industrial Engineering
Authors: Magena Charlene
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to investigate machine learning models for predictive maintenance in industrial engineering. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to machine learning models for predictive maintenance in industrial engineering. The research highlighted the transformative potential of machine learning models in optimizing predictive maintenance for industrial engineering, demonstrating significant reductions in unplanned downtime and maintenance costs. It identified the strengths of various machine learning approaches, such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, in predicting equipment failures and optimizing maintenance schedules. Despite the benefits, challenges such as data quality, integration complexity, and the need for specialized skills were noted. Future advancements in machine learning, IoT data, and computational power were expected to further enhance predictive maintenance systems, making them more accurate, efficient, and widely adopted across industries.Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Systems Theory, Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory may be used to anchor future studies on machine learning models for predictive maintenance in industrial engineering. This study provided several recommendations that contributed to theory, practice, and policy. It emphasized the development of hybrid machine learning models, integration of domain-specific knowledge, and real-time data collection using IoT technologies. It suggested standardized data protocols and personnel training for better implementation and efficiency. Policy recommendations included regulatory frameworks, incentives for technology adoption, data sharing, and robust data privacy guidelines. These contributions aimed to enhance the accuracy and applicability of predictive maintenance models, improve industrial maintenance practices, and support technological innovation through supportive policies.
¿Libertad individual vs. bien común? Lecciones de la pandemia y nudges como estrategia de vacunación
Authors:   , Cárdenas Krenz Arturo Ronald
Published: July 2024

A través del presente trabajo y pudiendo tener ya una cierta perspectiva histórica, hemos querido pasar revista a la pandemia, para luego abordar el tema de las vacunas y analizar la cuestión de su obligatoriedad o no, en una situación en donde parecen enfrentarse la autonomía individual y el interés colectivo, la libertad y el bien común. Para una mejor comprensión de cómo no obstante las duras experiencias vividas con la pandemia, una vez aparecidas las vacunas muchas personas se negaron a vacunarse, hemos estudiado cómo tomamos decisiones, teniendo en cuenta los aportes de la psicología conductual, la economía conductual y la neurociencia, observando que existen factores que influyen en nosotros de los cuales no somos conscientes. Seguidamente, pasamos a evaluar diversas cuestiones jurídicas en concreto vinculadas con el presente trabajo, para luego evaluar la posibilidad de recurrir a nudges como una alternativa, por lo menos temporal e inmediata, para promover buenas conductas ciudadanas, mientras seguimos trabajando en la formación de una sociedad más humanista y responsable, capaces de pensar en el otro, buscando la realización de bienes públicos globales.
Sistema Tributário Nacional: reflexões acerca da (in)justiça tributária e social
Authors: Ibiapina Coelho de Carvalho Marcilene , De Carvalho Guimarães Jairo , Sousa Vilanova William , Vargas Juliano
Published: July 2024

Historicamente, a matéria tributária no Brasil foi manejada como instrumento de arrecadação, sendo esporadicamente utilizada como instrumento de política econômica, situação reforçada a partir de 1990, com o país compromissado com o ajuste neoliberal, por meio das alterações em tributos indiretos que não observam a proporcionalidade da capacidade contributiva e penalizam os mais pobres, sistema regressivo, mesmo em tempos de Constituição Cidadã que amplia a proteção social com vistas a minorar as desigualdades. Diante disso, questiona-se: A regressividade do Sistema Tributário Nacional constitui um paradoxo ao objetivo fundamental de reduzir as desigualdades sociais e regionais estabelecido na CF 1988? Este estudo objetiva analisar se as alterações tributárias indiretas promovem (in)justiça tributária e social. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, artigos e na legislação com abordagem qualitativa de dados secundários. Concluiu-se que alterações na legislação tributária findaram por reafirmar o caráter regressivo do sistema e com isso a injustiça tributária e social, constituindo um aspecto contraditório em relação ao texto constitucional, considerado cidadão diante da introdução de um padrão público universal de proteção social.
MANCINIK VE TÜRKİYE SELÇUKLULARINDA MANCINIK KULLANIMI
Authors: Akçay Filiz
Published: July 2024

Orta Çağ’ın ünü günümüze ulaşan güçlü surlarının yıkılmasında en etkili yöntem hiç kuşkusuz silâh gücüydü.
Geçmişi antik çağlara dayanan mancınıklar, büyük taşlarla surları tahrip etmek veya düşmana ok atmak, neft ile
düşman ordugâhlarını yakmak gibi çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılırdı. Orta Çağ’da düşmanlardan korunmak için
güçlü surların arkasına gizlenmek yapılan en yaygın savunma şekli idi. Yıkılması nerede ise imkânsız olan bu
güçlü surları etkisiz hale getirmek için kullanılan yegâne alet ise mancınık idi. Kuşatma sırasında kalelerin dışına
yerleştirilen mancınıklardan yağdırılan gülleler kalelere doğru yoğun şekilde atılmakta idi. Mancınıklardan atılan
silahlar o kadar yoğun olmaktaydı ki, bu faaliyet sırasında müstahkem yerin savunucuları, burçlara bile
yaklaşamamaktaydılar. Bu arada, nakkâblar surları delme, lağımcılar da yer altından tünel açma faaliyetiyle
meşgul olmaktaydılar. Sipahilerin bir kısmı da baltalar, nacaklar ve koçbaşlarıyla sur kapısını kırmaya, diğer kısmı
da merdivenler ve ucunda demirden çengeller bulunan urganlarla kale burçlarına çıkmaya çalışmaktaydılar. Hangi
faaliyet sonuç vermişse, oradan surların içine girilmekteydi. Surların içine girilmesi, genellikle müstahkem yer
savunucularının savaşma azimlerini ve cesaretlerini kırmakta ve onların teslim olmalarını kolaylaştırmaktaydı.
Bundan sonra yüz yüze yapılan çarpışmalarla son direniş noktaları da bertaraf edilip, müstahkem yere tamamen
hâkim olunmaktaydı. Türkiye Selçukluları Devleti, Moğol istilasına uğrayıp aniden çöküşe geçene kadar Orta
Çağ’ın güçlü devletlerinden biri idi. Bu nedenle dönemin politikası gereği toprak elde etme yarışında üstünlük
sağlamak için izlediği fetih siyasetinde devrin güçlü silahlarını etkili şekilde kullanmıştır. Türkiye Selçukluları,
silâh güçlerini etkin kullandıkları kuşatmalarda genellikle çepeçevre sardıkları müstahkem yeri önce yağmur gibi
yağdırdıkları oklar ve mancınıklardan atılan güllelerle baskı altına almaktaydılar. Anadolu’ya geldikten sonra
mancınık kullanımını zamanla geliştiren Türkiye Selçuklularının mancınık gibi aletleri kullanarak başlattıkları kuşatmaların çoğundan başarı elde ederek ayrılmasından, Selçuklularının devrin önemli silahı olan mancınık vb.
silahları kullanma konusunda ne kadar mahir olduklarını anlamak mümkündür.
An Open Approach to Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Prajwal Gowda H G  , Pradeep Nayak  , Prajna  , Pragathi  , Prashanth Kumar B C
Published: July 2024

The evolution of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology is rapidly transforming the automotive industry, driving innovations in safety, efficiency, and user experience. This research paper explores the impact of open approaches on the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles. By leveraging open-source software and hardware platforms, such as OpenPilot and Apollo, the study highlights how collaborative, transparent methodologies foster innovation and accelerate technological advancements. The paper examines the technical, regulatory, and ethical challenges associated with open-source AV development, including data management, sensor integration, and compliance with safety standards. Through a comprehensive analysis of successful open-source projects and emerging trends, the research identifies the benefits of open approaches in promoting cross-disciplinary collaboration and addressing complex challenges. The findings underscore the potential of open-source solutions to drive the future of autonomous vehicle technology, offering insights into their role in shaping industry standards and regulatory frameworks
El Niño Esquimal que Resbala de su Iglú
Authors: Cabral-Rosetti Luis G. , Castillo Rosas Adriana
Published: July 2024

En la enseñanza de la Mecánica, es siempre recomendable poder discutir en clase Problemas Integradores y Holísticos. En ese sentido proponemos analizar el clásico problema del Niño Esquimal que resbala por su Iglú desde diferentes puntos de vista, y que sirva como Experiencia de Aprendizaje Mediado (EAM) usando para ello la Estrategia de Modelización Progresiva (EMP). Dicho problema, aparece en la mayoría de los textos de Física General Universitarios y es abordado únicamente con argumentos de Conservación de Energía. En este trabajo lo planteamos y resolvemos usando la “Dinámica Traslacional con y sin Fricción”, “Conservación de Energía”, “Teorema Trabajo-Energía con y sin Fricción”, “Dinámica Rotacional con y sin Fricción” y usando la “Dinámica Lagrangiana con y sin Fricción”, con la intención de mostrar como con un mismo problema se puede resolver de muy diferentes maneras, ayudando al estudiante a integrar sus conocimientos de Mecánica de una forma general.
A Limited Evaluation of the Applicability of NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 H2S Limits to Supercritical CO2 Pipelines
Authors: Craig Bruce , Kang Jidong , Yan Li , Bibby Darren , Divi Suresh
Published: July 2024

In an earlier paper one of the authors raised the question of whether the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partial pressure threshold of 0.05 psia (0.3 kPa) for cracking of steels from sulfide stress cracking is pertinent to dense phase carbon dioxide (CO2) systems in which there is no free gas phase. This paper presents a limited test of the pertinence of this threshold value in Supercritical CO2. Autoclave tests of four-point bend beam specimens of API 5L Grade X80 line pipe steel at 0.05 psia (0.3 kPa) and 0.20 psia (1.38 kPa) H2S were performed and the samples were examined after testing for cracking. In addition, the test conditions were modeled with the OLI Studio software to determine the H2S fugacities and H2S concentrations in the brine phase. No cracking was found after 30 d of exposure.
Estudio de la modificación química y física de almidón obtenido de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia xanthorrhiza) y camote (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Moposita-Tenelema Juan David , Villacrés-Poveda Clara Elena , Morales-Padilla María Monserrath
Published: July 2024

El almidón es una fuente abundante y accesible de materias primas biológicas, ampliamente utilizada en las industrias alimentaria, médica y textil. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la modificación química y física de almidón obtenido de la zanahoria blanca (A. xanthorrhiza) y camote (I. batatas). Para ello, se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con múltiples factores, empleando zanahoria blanca y camote morado. Para el contrasté de normalidad de los factores se utilizó la técnica Kruskal Wallis, mediante los programas estadísticos InfoStat y R Studio. Los resultados demostraron que, el almidón de zanahoria blanca por medio de modificación química presentó mayor contenido de amilosa (37,49); almidón total (56,06) e índice de blancura (89,08); mientras que, el almidón obtenido por modificación física mostró mayor humedad (12,14), índice de absorción de agua (5,79); solubilidad (0,63) y poder hinchamiento (5,83). Por otro lado, en el camote, el almidón modificado físicamente obtuvo mayor concentración de amilosa (40,96); humedad (9,87), índice de absorción de agua (3,56); poder de hinchamiento (3,64), en comparación al método químico, que se determinó un mayor índice de blancura (89,29).
FREQUENCY AND PATIENT RELATED RISKS FOR SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
Authors: Meo Shahida , Arshad , . Saadia Siddique , . Qudsia Nawaz , Meo Raabia Arshad
Published: July 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) and its unknown risk factors in obstetrical and gynaecological procedures.Study Design: Descriptive studyPlace and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from Oct 2009 to April 2010.Patients and Methods: Patients who had undergone their surgical procedures in obstetrics & Gynaecology from October 2009 to April 2010.Results: A total number of 1199 procedures were performed. Only 23 (1. 92%) got SSI. Out of these 19 (82.6%) were lower segment cesarean section and 4(17.4%) cases hysterectomies. In these infected cases, 19(82.6%) were less than 40 years of age & 4 (17.4%) cases were more than 40 years of age. Six (26.1%) patients belonged to high & 17 (73.9%) to low socioeconomic class. Nineteen (82.6%) patients weighted more than 75 kg and 4(17.4%) were less than 75 kg. Only 2(8.7%) were diabetic & 21 (91.3%) were non diabetic.Conclusion: Surgical site infection remains the commonest complication of surgery and is a burden on health care resources. It can be prevented by identifying those at higher risk and modifying skills for their care. Increasing age, obesity, Diabetes and low socioeconomic class could be the risk factors for SSI.
Kıyı Dolgu Alanlarının Sağladığı Ekosistem Hizmetlerinin İstanbul Örneği Üzerinde İncelenmesi
Authors: Gürel Jale , Başer Kalyoncuoğlu Bahar , Aysu Mehmet Emre
Published: July 2024

İnsanların yoğun yaşadıkları kentlerde doğal kaynaklar hızlı ve kontrolsüzce tüketilmektedir. Bu sebepten hem doğal kaynaklar hem de doğal kaynaklardan sağlanan faydalar tehdit altındadır. Bu bağlamda, kentsel kıyı alanlarında oluşturulan dolgu alanları, bulundukları bölgenin hem kara hem de suyun sahip olduğu doğal-kültürel özelliklerini, dolgunun oluşum biçimi, büyüklüğü, işlevi vb. özellikleri nispetinde etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmada; kentsel kıyı alanlarında oluşturulan kıyı dolgu alanlarının mekânsal değişimleri ile sahip olduğu ekosistem hizmetleri (EH) ile sağladığı faydalar incelenmektedir. Bunun için, İstanbul özelinde seçilen farklı tipolojilere sahip üç örneklem alan seçilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, çalışmada; literatür taraması, saha gözlemi, haritalama ve yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular ve değerlendirmeler yer almaktadır.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕСТОЛОГИИ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ
Authors: Байжанов
Published: July 2024

В условиях быстрого развития технологий и постоянных изменений в образовательных стандартах, искусственный интеллект (ИИ) представляет собой мощный инструмент, способный значительно изменить методы оценки знаний и компетенций обучающихся, оказать изменение на психологическое восприятие новой процедуры тестирования со стороны обучающихся иучителей. Эта статья анализирует влияние ИИ на образовательную тестологию, освещая новые подходы к адаптивному тестированию, персонализации обучения и автоматизации административных задач, раскрывает отдельные аспектыпсихологическое влияния на обучающихся и преподавателей, начиная от мотивации и заканчивая восприятием справедливости и уровнем стресса. Рассматриваются как потенциальные возможности, так и вызовы, связанные с внедрением ИИ в оценочные процессы.
PENGARUH DZIKIR TERHADAP KECEMASAN DAN KOPING RELIGIUS PASIEN HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Kisfandari Asri Putri ,   Mahasiswa Magister Keperawatan, IIK STRADA INDONESIA, Wardani Ratna ,   Institut Kesehatan Strada Indonesia, Kediri, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Chronic Kidney Failure is a progressive and irreversible kidney function disorder where the body is unable to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, resulting in uremia. In general, cases of chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis are increasing every year, especially in developing countries. The anxiety and decreased coping experienced by patients suffering from chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis is due to a lack of support and enthusiasm from the family, funding for treatment and costs to meet living needs.A literature search was carried out based on articles published between 2018-2023 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been determined using 1 data base, namely Google Schoolar. This literature search uses the PRISMA guideline in carrying out the screening process. From the search results, 200 articles were obtained. After carrying out the screening process, there were 8 articles that met the criteria and will be analyzed.Based on a study of 8 pieces of literature, it was found that the hemodialysis process affects clients' religious anxiety and coping.From the results of a literature review of 8 journals, it was found that dhikr was able to reduce anxiety levels because the client felt calmer Keywords: Dhikr, anxiety, religious coping
Characterization of a new Teflon chamber and on-line analysis of isomeric multifunctional photooxidation products
Authors: Löher Finja , Borrás Esther , Muñoz Amalia , Nölscher Anke Christine
Published: July 2024

Abstract. The photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the troposphere has important implications for air quality, weather, and climate. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms can be achieved by studying these reactions under controlled conditions and analysing the emerging photooxidation products. This requires dedicated laboratory infrastructure as well as sensitive and selective analytical techniques. Here, we constructed a new 300 L indoor Teflon atmospheric simulation chamber as part of the Bayreuth ATmospheric simulation CHambers (BATCH) infrastructure. The chamber was irradiated by a bandpass-filtered solar simulator that enabled experiments with realistic photon fluxes and OH radical concentrations. It was coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) and a solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) system for the on-line analysis of the precursor VOC and its oxidation products in the gas phase. As part of the SPME-GC-MS method, multifunctional oxygenated compounds (carbonyls, alcohols, carboxylic acids) were derivatized with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) and N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). We designed a permeation source for the on-line addition of internal standards to improve method reproducibility. The joint setup was tested and validated by studying the OH-radical-induced photooxidation of toluene, one of the most abundant aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. For chamber characterization, we first derived the photolysis rates for several typical toluene products in the irradiated BATCH Teflon chamber (1.77 × 10−8–3.02 × 10−4 s−1). Additionally, wall loss rates were determined empirically (4.54 × 10−6–8.53 × 10−5 s−1) and then parameterized according to fundamental molecular properties. For the cresols, we compiled a weighted calibration factor for the PTR-ToF-MS, taking into account isomer-specific sensitivities as well as the relative distribution as determined by the SPME-GC-MS. The weighted calibration improved the instrumental agreement to 14 %, whereas the PTR-ToF-MS overestimated the sum of the isomers by 31 % compared to the SPME-GC-MS concentrations when using the averaged calibration factor. Thus, the combined data set offered insight into both temporal trends and the isomeric composition. Finally, we conducted six toluene photooxidation experiments to evaluate the ring-retaining first-generation products. Based on the loss-corrected concentrations, we derived formation yields for o-cresol (8.0 ± 1.8 %), m-cresol (0.4 ± 0.1 %), p-cresol (2.4 ± 0.6 %), benzyl alcohol (0.5 ± 0.1 %), and benzaldehyde (4.6 ± 1.7 %) under NOx-free conditions at T = 298 ± 1 K. These yields are consistent with previous studies and therefore serve as proof of concept for our applied methods.
Annual time-series 1 km maps of crop area and types in the conterminous US (CropAT-US): cropping diversity changes during 1850–2021
Authors: Ye Shuchao , Cao Peiyu , Lu Chaoqun
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Agricultural activities have been recognized as an important driver of land cover and land use change (LCLUC) and have significantly impacted the ecosystem feedback to climate by altering land surface properties. A reliable historical cropland distribution dataset is crucial for understanding and quantifying the legacy effects of agriculture-related LCLUC. While several LCLUC datasets have the potential to depict cropland patterns in the conterminous US, there remains a dearth of a relatively high-resolution datasets with crop type details over a long period. To address this gap, we reconstructed historical cropland density and crop type maps from 1850 to 2021 at a resolution of 1 km × 1 km by integrating county-level crop-specific inventory datasets, census data, and gridded LCLUC products. Different from other databases, we tracked the planting area dynamics of all crops in the US, excluding idle and fallow farm land and cropland pasture. The results showed that the crop acreages for nine major crops derived from our map products are highly consistent with the county-level inventory data, with a residual less than 0.2×103 ha (0.2 kha) in most counties (>75 %) during the entire study period. Temporally, the US total crop acreage has increased by 118×106 ha (118 Mha) from 1850 to 2021, primarily driven by corn (30 Mha) and soybean (35 Mha). Spatially, the hot spots of cropland distribution shifted from the Eastern US to the Midwest and the Great Plains, and the dominant crop types (corn and soybean) expanded northwestward. Moreover, we found that the US cropping diversity experienced a significant increase from the 1850s to the 1960s, followed by a dramatic decline in the recent 6 decades under intensified agriculture. Generally, this newly developed dataset could facilitate spatial data development, with respect to delineating crop-specific management practices, and enable the quantification of cropland change impacts on the environment. Annual cropland density and crop type maps are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22822838.v2 (Ye et al., 2023).
Probabilistic reconstruction of sea-level changes and their causes since 1900
Authors: Dangendorf Sönke , Sun Qiang , Wahl Thomas , Thompson Philip , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Hamlington Ben
Published: July 2024

Abstract. Coastal communities around the world are increasingly exposed to extreme events that have been exacerbated by rising sea levels. Sustainable adaptation strategies to cope with the associated threats require a comprehensive understanding of past and possible future changes. Yet, many coastlines lack accurate long-term sea-level observations. Here, we introduce a novel probabilistic near-global reconstruction of relative sea-level changes and their causes over the period from 1900 to 2021. The reconstruction is based on tide gauge records and incorporates prior knowledge about physical processes from ancillary observations and geophysical model outputs, allowing us, for the first time, to resolve individual processes and their uncertainties. We demonstrate good agreement between the reconstruction and satellite altimetry and tide gauges (if local vertical land motion is considered). Validation against steric height estimates based on independent temperature and salinity observations over their overlapping periods shows moderate to good agreement in terms of variability, though with larger reconstructed trends in three out of six regions. The linear long-term trend in the resulting global-mean sea-level (GMSL) record is 1.5 ± 0.19 mm yr−1 since 1900, a value consistent with central estimates from the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Multidecadal trends in GMSL have varied; for instance, there were enhanced rates in the 1930s and near-zero rates in the 1960s, although a persistent acceleration (0.08 ± 0.04 mm yr−2) has occurred since then. As a result, most recent rates have exceeded 4 mm yr−1 since 2019. The largest regional rates (>10 mm yr−1) over the same period have been detected in coastal areas near western boundary currents and the larger tropical Indo-Pacific region. Barystatic mass changes due to ice-melt and terrestrial-water-storage variations have dominated the sea-level acceleration at global scales, but sterodynamic processes are the most crucial factor locally, particularly at low latitudes and away from major melt sources. These results demonstrate that the new reconstruction provides valuable insights into historical sea-level change and its contributing causes, complementing observational records in areas where they are sparse or absent. The Kalman smoother sea-level reconstruction dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621070 (Dangendorf, 2024).
Prevalence and Burden of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction Among UK Medical Students
Authors: Brown Lydia C. , Aziz Imran
Published: July 2024

Background: Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) affect 40% of the general population and are associated with substantial health impairment. Medical students reportedly have among the highest rates of DGBI, although data is mainly from Asia and Africa. We addressed this issue within a UK-based university.
Methods: An online survey was completed by 378 of 1621 medical students. Demographics, medical history, and gastrointestinal symptoms were collected, the latter using a modified Rome IV questionnaire to determine the presence of DGBI symptoms over the last 3 months. Additional validated questionnaires screened for somatization, psychological distress, eating disorders, quality of life, and burnout.
Results: DGBI were present in 76% (n=289/378), of which two-of-three had multiple affected sites. The most frequent DGBI were gastroduodenal (57%), followed by bowel (49%), esophageal (29%), and anorectal (26%) disorders. Approximately 50% of students with DGBI experienced painful gastrointestinal symptoms at least one day/week. Students with DGBI, compared to those without, had significantly higher anxiety and depression scores, increased somatic symptom reporting, reduced mental and physical quality of life, poorer eating habits, and more frequent medication use (p-values, all<0.05). They were also at significantly higher risk of burnout, through study exhaustion and disengagement. The greatest health impairment was seen in those with multiple, painful, DGBI. Only 23% and 5% of students with DGBI had consulted a primary care provider and gastroenterologist, respectively.
Conclusion: Medical students commonly experience DGBI and associated health burden, yet infrequently seek help. Greater awareness may lead to increased support, improved health, and better study engagement.
The Status of Elected Women Representatives in Rural Assam, India: Their Performance in Local Self Government
Authors: Das Pinak Pratim , Deb Yagneswar , Chakraborty Debtosh , Nandi Golab Chandra , Sinha Sanjeeb Kumar
Published: July 2024

One of the important agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations is gender equality. Despite possessing constitutional privileges like 50 percent seat reservation for women in panchayat elections in Assam, India, their actual performance is still up for debate in many discussions. So, using the TOPSIS approach composite index on the performance of elected women representatives has developed. Then, using the ordinary least square method, their performance was assessed against key variables based on primary data collected from the Hailakandi Development Block of Hailakandi District of Southern Assam, India for identification of factors influencing their performances for policy changes.
Local Social Capital: Revisiting the Measurement and Establishing Manageable Indicators
Authors: Seo Inseok , Lee Youhyun , Song Minsun
Published: July 2024

The social links between community entities are frequently regarded as a valuable asset for local economic development. Opinions diverge regarding the particulars of social capital and its constitution within social relations, despite its fundamental nature coming from these connections. Diverse public and private activities, according to Putnam (1995b), could constitute local social capital. While social capital can be conceptualized as private relations, assessing and debating it from the standpoint of local governments presents a formidable challenge. The distinction between the public and private spheres regarding the character of human activities was advanced by Arendt (1958). This study aims to frame the possible indicators for measuring local social capital by adopting Arendt’s classical theory. By applying it to the social capital of the social communities, the research fills a gap in the discussion between public and private spheres. The integrated framework theoretically provides a backbone for the distinguished perspectives of social capital in different levels of human activities. As well as categorizing manageable and non-manageable indicators, it also provides practical policy implications for the criteria local governments place an emphasis on for managing the level of social capital in a region. It is anticipated that the framework will advance the expansion of the theoretical literature on social capital by identifying measures at two distinct levels: individual and collective characteristics.
The Increasing Importance of Intergovernmental Transfer Revenue in Local Finance in Poland and the Flypaper Effect
Authors: Poniatowicz Marzanna , Wildowicz-Szumarska Anna
Published: July 2024

The article explores the growing trend of fiscal recentralization in Polish local finance, evident in the increase of intergovernmental transfers, leading to expanded budgetary expenditures, known as the "Flypaper Effect" (FPE). It aims to identify the causes and extent of the FPE in Polish municipalities and cities with county rights from 2010 to 2020, using descriptive and panel data analyses. Empirical research confirms the presence of the FPE in Polish local governments, more pronounced in rural municipalities than in urban counterparts and cities with county rights. The rise in public budgetary expenditures results from limited fiscal autonomy and the ongoing process of recentralization in public finance, further amplifying the FPE. The strength of the FPE varies depending on the specific types and characteristics of intergovernmental transfers. Additionally, the article highlights significant flaws in Poland's local funding legislation and its consequences, proposing potential paths for local finance reforms. In conclusion, it underscores the increasing trend of fiscal recentralization in Polish local finance driven by the FPE and emphasizes the pressing need for reforms to address these challenges.
7. PHÂN TÍCH GÁNH NẶNG KINH TẾ CỦA BỆNH HÔ HẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN LÊ VĂN THỊNH GIAI ĐOẠN 2018-2023
Authors: Vũ Hoàng Thy Nhạc , Phong Quách Minh , Hùng Nguyễn Thanh , Nhung Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Thiện Trần Thanh
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm phân tích gánh nặng kinh tế trong điều trị bệnh hô hấp tại Bệnh viện Lê Văn Thịnh (BVLVT) giai đoạn 2018-2023.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, thực hiện thông qua việc hồi cứu dữ liệu về chi phí trực tiếp y tế trong điều trị bệnh hô hấp tại BVLVT trong giai đoạn 2018-2023. Dữ liệu được thu thập thông qua phương pháp chọn mẫu toàn bộ, chọn dữ liệu liên quan đến người bệnh có bảo hiểm y tế, có mã bệnh chính từ J00 đến J99 theo phân loại ICD-10 để tổng hợp và phân tích.
Kết quả: Trong giai đoạn 2018-2023, tổng chi phí điều trị bệnh hô hấp cho người bệnh trong mẫu nghiên cứu tại BVLVT là 211,919 tỷ đồng, với chi phí điều trị nội trú chiếm 50,5%. Trong hai nhóm bệnh có tổng chi phí cao nhất của toàn viện, 93,1% chi phí điều trị cúm và viêm phổi liên quan đến điều trị nội trú; và 93,6% chi phí điều trị nhiễm trùng hô hấp trên cấp tính liên quan đến điều trị ngoại trú. Trong điều trị ngoại trú, tổng chi phí điều trị bệnh nhiễm trùng hô hấp cấp tính có xu hướng gia tăng theo thời gian, từ 8,175 tỷ đồng (năm 2018) đến 14,164 tỷ đồng (năm 2023). Trong điều trị nội trú, tổng chi phí điều trị cúm và viêm phổi có giá trị cao nhất, và có xu hướng tăng trong giai đoạn nghiên cứu, từ 7,512 tỷ đồng (năm 2018) đến 18,624 tỷ đồng (năm 2023). Giữa các thành phần chi phí trực tiếp y tế, chi phí thuốc luôn cao nhất trong từng năm, có xu hướng tăng theo thời gian, với tỷ lệ chi phí thuốc trong mỗi năm giao động từ 58,9% đến 60,7%
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu đã cho thấy chi phí điều trị mỗi năm của nhóm bệnh hô hấp gia tăng theo thời gian, đặc biệt là chi phí điều trị bệnh nhiễm trùng hô hấp cấp tính và bệnh hô hấp dưới mạn tính (trong điều trị ngoại trú); và bệnh cúm và viêm phổi (trong điều trị nội trú). Những kết quả này nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết của việc quản lý chi phí y tế và đưa ra các chính sách hiệu quả nhằm giảm bớt gánh nặng kinh tế của bệnh hô hấp tại BVLVT.