bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and impact of p16INK4A+ senescent cells in elderly tissues: a focus on senescent immune cell and epithelial dysfunction
Authors: Park Soon Sang , Lee Young-Kyoung , Kim Young Hwa , Park So Hyun , Kang Hee Young , Kim Jin Cheol , Kim Dong Jun , Lim Su Bin , Yoon Gyesoon , Kim Jang-Hee , Choi Yong Won , Park Tae Jun
Published: December 2024

Cellular senescence, recognized as a key hallmark of aging, leads to the accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues over time. While the detrimental effects of these cells on age-related pathological conditions are well-documented, there is still limited information about how senescent cells are distributed in normal tissues of both young and aged organs. Our research indicates that fully senescent p16INK4A+ cells are rarely identified in the parenchyma of organic tissues and in the stromal cells crucial for structural maintenance, such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Instead, p16INK4A+ cells are more commonly found in immune cells, whether they reside in the organ or are infiltrating. Notably, p16INK4A+ senescent T cells have been observed to induce apoptosis and inflammation in colonic epithelial cells through Granzyme A-PARs signaling, compromising the integrity of the epithelial lining. This study showed that the senescence of immune cells could affect the phenotypical change of the parenchymal cells in the elderly and suggests that targeting immunosenescence might be a strategy to control functional decline in this population.
EPRS1-mediated fibroblast activation and mitochondrial dysfunction promote kidney fibrosis
Authors: Son Seung Seob , Jeong Hee Seul , Lee Seong-Woo , Lee Eun Soo , Lee Jeong Geon , Lee Ji-Hye , Yi Jawoon , Park Mi Ju , Choi Min Sun , Lee Donghyeong , Choi Sin Young , Ha Jiheon , Kang Jeong Suk , Cho Nam-Jun , Park Samel , Gil Hyo-Wook , Chung Choon Hee , Park Joon Seok , Kim Myung Hee , Park Jihwan , Lee Eun Young
Published: December 2024

Kidney fibrosis causes irreversible structural damage in chronic kidney disease and is characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Although glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (EPRS1) is a crucial enzyme involved in proline-rich protein synthesis, its role in kidney fibrosis remains unclear. The present study revealed that EPRS1 expression levels were increased in the fibrotic kidneys of patients and mice, especially in fibroblasts and proximal tubular epithelial cells, on the basis of single-cell analysis and immunostaining of fibrotic kidneys. Moreover, C57BL/6 EPRS1tm1b heterozygous knockout (Eprs1+/−) and pharmacological EPRS1 inhibition with the first-in-class EPRS1 inhibitor DWN12088 protected against kidney fibrosis and dysfunction by preventing fibroblast activation and proximal tubular injury. Interestingly, in vitro assays demonstrated that EPRS1-mediated nontranslational pathways in addition to translational pathways under transforming growth factor β-treated conditions by phosphorylating SMAD family member 3 in fibroblasts and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 in injured proximal tubules. EPRS1 knockdown and catalytic inhibition suppressed these pathways, preventing fibroblast activation, proliferation, and subsequent collagen production. Additionally, we revealed that EPRS1 caused mitochondrial damage in proximal tubules but that this damage was attenuated by EPRS1 inhibition. Our findings suggest that the EPRS1-mediated ECM accumulation induces kidney fibrosis via fibroblast activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting EPRS1 could be a potential therapeutic target for alleviating fibrotic injury in chronic kidney disease.
Preliminary insights: exploring irrigation practices during endodontic treatment among general dental practitioners in Malaysia
Authors: Chiew Kai Qi , Lim Xin Ni , Bhatia Shekhar , Chhabra Naveen
Published: December 2024

Objective(s) This questionnaire study aimed to analyse the irrigation knowledge and current trends in irrigation practice during endodontic treatment among general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Malaysia.

Materials and methods A three-part, self-administered questionnaire with multiple-choice questions was distributed to dentists in Malaysia. The survey comprised three sections: demographic data; irrigant selection and protocol; and other irrigation practices. Knowledge questions were marked based on a recommended answer by endodontists and the scores were analysed among various groups having different years of experience using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results Out of 172 responses, the mean knowledge score of all respondents was 12.92 (standard deviation = 2.774) out of a possible total score of 18. For the scores of groups of practitioners with different years of experience, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed p = 0.069. Sodium hypochlorite appeared as the most used irrigant. Most respondents routinely practised smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Antibacterial capability and tissue dissolution were the main factors in irrigant selection. In total, 65.6% of the GDPs claimed to change their irrigation protocol to suit different pulpal and periapical diagnoses. There was considerable variation regarding the type of irrigants used, irrigation protocol, concentration, volume, time spent for irrigation, irrigation needle usage and additional adjunct methods used.

Conclusion(s) Respondents of the survey were following the recommended irrigation practices in terms of irrigant selection but there is scope for improvement in other aspects of irrigation practice. Further investigation with a larger sample size is needed for more robust conclusions.
Genetically-stable engineered optogenetic gene switches modulate spatial cell morphogenesis in two- and three-dimensional tissue cultures
Authors: Beyer Hannes M. , Kumar Sant , Nieke Marius , Diehl Carroll M. C. , Tang Kun , Shumka Sara , Koh Cha San , Fleck Christian , Davies Jamie A. , Khammash Mustafa , Zurbriggen Matias D.
Published: December 2024

Recent advances in tissue engineering have been remarkable, yet the precise control of cellular behavior in 2D and 3D cultures remains challenging. One approach to address this limitation is to genomically engineer optogenetic control of cellular processes into tissues using gene switches that can operate with only a few genomic copies. Here, we implement blue and red light-responsive gene switches to engineer genomically stable two- and three-dimensional mammalian tissue models. Notably, we achieve precise control of cell death and morphogen-directed patterning in 2D and 3D tissues by optogenetically regulating cell necroptosis and synthetic WNT3A signaling at high spatiotemporal resolution. This is accomplished using custom-built patterned LED systems, including digital mirrors and photomasks, as well as laser techniques. These advancements demonstrate the capability of precise spatiotemporal modulation in tissue engineering and open up new avenues for developing programmable 3D tissue and organ models, with significant implications for biomedical research and therapeutic applications.
Regulation and function of a polarly localized lignin barrier in the exodermis
Authors: Manzano Concepcion , Morimoto Kevin W. , Shaar-Moshe Lidor , Mason G. Alex , Cantó-Pastor Alex , Gouran Mona , De Bellis Damien , Ursache Robertas , Kajala Kaisa , Sinha Neelima , Bailey-Serres Julia , Geldner Niko , del Pozo J. Carlos , Brady Siobhan M.
Published: December 2024

Multicellular organisms control environmental interactions through specialized barriers in specific cell types. A conserved barrier in plant roots is the endodermal Casparian strip (CS), a ring-like structure made of polymerized lignin that seals the endodermal apoplastic space. Most angiosperms have another root cell type, the exodermis, that is reported to form a barrier. Our understanding of exodermal developmental and molecular regulation and function is limited as this cell type is absent from Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the exodermis does not form a CS. Instead, it forms a polar lignin cap (PLC) with equivalent barrier function to the endodermal CS but distinct genetic control. Repression of the exodermal PLC in inner cortical layers is conferred by the SlSCZ and SlEXO1 transcription factors, and these two factors genetically interact to control its polar deposition. Several target genes that act downstream of SlSCZ and SlEXO1 in the exodermis are identified. Although the exodermis and endodermis produce barriers that restrict mineral ion uptake, the exodermal PLC is unable to fully compensate for the lack of a CS. The presence of distinct lignin structures acting as apoplastic barriers has exciting implications for a root’s response to abiotic and biotic stimuli.
A quantum leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron and network
Authors: Brand Dean , Petruccione Francesco
Published: December 2024

Quantum machine learning is in a period of rapid development and discovery, however it still lacks the resources and diversity of computational models of its classical complement. With the growing difficulties of classical models requiring extreme hardware and power solutions, and quantum models being limited by noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, there is an emerging opportunity to solve both problems together. Here we introduce a new software model for quantum neuromorphic computing — a quantum leaky integrate-and-fire (QLIF) neuron, implemented as a compact high-fidelity quantum circuit, requiring only 2 rotation gates and no CNOT gates. We use these neurons as building blocks in the construction of a quantum spiking neural network (QSNN), and a quantum spiking convolutional neural network (QSCNN), as the first of their kind. We apply these models to the MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, and KMNIST datasets for a full comparison with other classical and quantum models. We find that the proposed models perform competitively, with comparative accuracy, with efficient scaling and fast computation in classical simulation as well as on quantum devices.
Spatial cell graph analysis reveals skin tissue organization characteristic for cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Sarkar Suryadipto , Möller Anna , Hartebrodt Anne , Erdmann Michael , Ostalecki Christian , Baur Andreas , Blumenthal David B.
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are non-Hodgkin lymphomas caused by malignant T cells which migrate to the skin and lead to rash-like lesions which can be difficult to distinguish from inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO). To characterize CTCL in comparison to these differential diagnoses, we carried out multi-antigen imaging on 69 skin tissue samples (21 CTCL, 23 AD, 25 PSO). The resulting protein abundance maps were then analyzed via scoring functions to quantify the heterogeneity of the individual cells’ neighborhoods within spatial graphs inferred from the cells’ positions in the tissue samples. Our analyses reveal characteristic patterns of skin tissue organization in CTCL as compared to AD and PSO, including a combination of increased local entropy and egophily in T-cell neighborhoods. These results could not only pave the way for high-precision diagnosis of CTCL, but may also facilitate further insights into cellular disease mechanisms.
Enhanced lion swarm optimization and elliptic curve cryptography scheme for secure cluster head selection and malware detection in IoT-WSN
Authors: D Udaya Suriya Rajkumar , R Sathiyaraj , A Bharathi , D Mohan , Pellakuri Vidyullatha
Published: December 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks present a significant issue for data routing because of the potential use of obtaining data from far locations with greater energy efficiency. Networks have become essential to modern concepts of the Internet of Things. The primary foundation for supporting diverse service-centric applications has continued to be the sensor node activity of both sensing phenomena in their local environs and relaying their results to centralized Base Stations. Malware detection and inadequate Cluster Heads node selection are issues with the current technology, resulting in a drastic decrease in the total Internet of Things-based performance of sensor networks. The paper proposes an Enhanced Lion Swarm Optimization (ELSO) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) scheme for secure cluster head selection and malware detection in IoT-based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The paper includes network models, choice of Cluster Head (CH) and attack detection procedures. The proposed method chooses the Cluster Head with the best fitness function values, increasing data transmission speeds and energy efficiencies. Minimum Hop Detection has been implemented to provide the best routing paths against attack nodes. Security level for quick data transmissions via the Internet of Things using Wireless Sensor Networks strengthen sinkhole attacks and black hole nodes, which are successfully removed using this method. The proposed method integrates the use of Lion Swarm Optimization and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) enhances network security by ensuring secure data transmission and preventing unauthorized access, which is particularly important in IoT-WSN environments. The proposed method achieves less End delay, increased throughput of 93%, lower energy utilization of 4%, increased network lifetime of up to 96%, Packet Delivery Ratio of up to 98% and 97% of malicious node detection efficiently compared to existing methods.
Progress towards sustainable agriculture hampered by siloed scientific discourses
Authors: Fischer Klara , Vico Giulia , Röcklinsberg Helena , Liljenström Hans , Bommarco Riccardo
Published: December 2024

There is no consensus in society on how to achieve sustainability. Scientists’ limited experience in reflecting on their guiding assumptions, combined with a tendency to inflate their own research findings, hinders interdisciplinary dialogue and limits the usefulness of science. Through bibliometrics and discourse analysis, we analysed highly cited articles on agroecology and sustainable intensification. In broad terms, agroecology prioritizes diversity while sidelining productivity and adheres to relational epistemology, while sustainable intensification emphasizes boosting crop production while reducing environmental impact within a reductionist epistemology. Both discourses claim to have the solution to agricultural sustainability but are largely inexplicit about their guiding assumptions and their own limitations, and rarely engage with research in the other discourse. Interdisciplinary dialogue based on transparent and self-critical reflection on the assumptions and limitations of research could increase the relevance of science in societal dialogues about alternative pathways towards sustainable agriculture.
Efficient data-driven joint-level calibration of cable-driven surgical robots
Authors: Peng Haonan , Lewis Andrew , Su Yun-Hsuan , Lin Shan , Chiang Dun-Tin , Jiang Wenfan , Lai Helen , Hannaford Blake
Published: December 2024

Accurate joint position estimation is crucial for the control of cable-driven laparoscopic surgical robots like the RAVEN-II. However, any slack and stretch in the cable can lead to errors in kinematic estimation, complicating precise control. This work proposes an efficient data-driven calibration method, requiring no additional sensors post-training. The calibration takes 8–21 min and maintains high accuracy during a 6-hour heavily loaded operating. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) model reduces errors by 76%, achieving accuracy of 0.104∘, 0.120∘, and 0.118 mm for joints 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Compared to end-to-end models, the DNN achieves better accuracy and faster convergence by correcting original inaccurate joint positions. Additionally, a linear regression model offers 160 times faster inference speed than the DNN, suitable for RAVEN’s 1000 Hz control loop, with slight compromises in accuracy. This approach should significantly enhance the accuracy of similar cable-driven robots.
Flagellar rotation facilitates the transfer of a bacterial conjugative plasmid
Authors: Bhattacharya Saurabh , Bejerano-Sagie Michal , Ravins Miriam , Zeroni Liat , Kaur Prabhjot , Gopu Venkadesaperumal , Rosenshine Ilan , Ben-Yehuda Sigal
Published: December 2024

Conjugation-mediated DNA delivery is the primary mode for antibiotic resistance spread in bacteria; yet, molecular mechanisms regulating the conjugation process remain largely unexplored. While conjugative plasmids typically require bacterial attachment to solid surfaces for facilitation of donor-to-recipient proximity, the pLS20 conjugative plasmid, prevalent among Gram-positive Bacillus spp., uniquely requires fluid environments to enhance its transfer. Here, we show that pLS20, carried by Bacillus subtilis, induces multicellular clustering, which can accommodate various species, hence offering a stable platform for DNA delivery in a liquid milieu. We further discovered that induction of pLS20 promoters, governing crucial conjugative genes, is dependent on the presence of donor cell flagella, the major bacterial motility organelle. Moreover, the pLS20 regulatory circuit is controlled by a mechanosensing signal transduction pathway responsive to flagella rotation, thus activating conjugation gene expression exclusively during the host motile phase. This flagella-conjugation coupling strategy may allow the dissemination of the plasmid to remote destinations, allowing infiltration into new niches.
Cu-curcumin nanozyme for detection of Cr(vi) through an off–on strategy based on peroxidase mimicking activity
Authors: Chai Ziwei , Zhou Aifang , Huang Jingjing , Qu Lingbo , Ge Jia , Zhang Lin , Li Zhaohui
Published: December 2024

A convenient and highly sensitive colorimetric sensing platform for Cr(vi) assay based on a Cu-curcumin nanozyme.
Correction: Establishment and characterization of noro-VLP measurement by digital ELISA
Authors: Hasegawa Takema , Adachi Yuriko , Saikusa Kazumi , Kato Megumi
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Establishment and characterization of noro-VLP measurement by digital ELISA’ by Takema Hasegawa et al., Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 7089–7094, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AY01012D.
An innovative BiOI@AgBiS2@NaYF4:Yb, Tm ternary heterostructure for efficient solar energy harvesting towards tetracycline hydrochloride degradation
Authors: Zhang Jinyuan , Ma Qincan , Ma Junhao , Fu Shuang , Ren Ziyang , Lin Xianzhong , Zhang Yueli
Published: December 2024

This work developed a BiOI@AgBiS2@NaYF4:Yb,Tm UV-vis-NIR-activated heterostructure photocatalyst showing marked improvement in solar energy harvesting.
Pseudohelicene chemosensor displaying ternary signaling stimulated by hydrostatic pressure and solvent
Authors: Kinoshita Tomokazu , Watanabe Kota , Tsurumaki Eiji , Toyota Shinji , Fukuhara Gaku
Published: December 2024

A flexible and dynamic pseudohelicene [2]HA2 functions as a ternary signaling chemosensor, driven by hydrostatic pressure and solvation stimulations; + in toluene, 0 in chloroform, and − in dichloromethane, respectively.
Exploring the structural evolution of Cu–thiolate nanoclusters and their property correlations
Authors: Kamiyama Maho , Shingyouchi Yamato , Sarma Rupa , Ghosh Mandira , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Biswas Sourav , Negishi Yuichi
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the structural evolution of Cu nanoclusters, focusing on how ligand variations impact their architecture and electronic properties, and uncovering correlations between structural changes and resulting properties.
DFT investigation of the impact of inner-sphere water molecules on RE nitrate binding to internal pore and external surface of MCM-22
Authors: Ash Tamalika , Han Yong , Evans James W. , Windus Theresa L.
Published: December 2024

The impact of explicit water molecules on the binding of two rare earth nitrate aqua complexes, [X(NO3)3(H2O)n] (X = Nd, Yb), has been explored on both the internal pores and external surfaces of MCM-22.
Correlation of the catalytic performance with Ruδ+ species on Ru/Nb2O5 in furfural aqueous reductive conversion
Authors: Deng Yulong , Zhang Binyu , Wu Huiru , He Zhuo , Du Xiaorui , Ou Jiayi , Ren Tianyu , Wang Haiyong , Liao Yuhe , Liu Qiying , Wang Chenguang , Cui Yanbin
Published: December 2024

Ru/Nb2O5 is effective for furfural aqueous reductive conversion.
Donor-free 9-aluminafluorenes: molecular structures and reactivity
Authors: Lückert Paula L. , Gilmer Jannik , Virovets Alexander , Lerner Hans-Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: December 2024

A series of donor-free 9-aluminafluorenes (R-AlFlus) that have either dimeric (R = Me or Br) or monomeric (R = Mes*) structures were synthesized. Mes*-AlFlu is the first example of a monomeric and three-coordinate AlFlu.
High thermoelectric conversion through an optimal contribution of electronic carriers in polymeric mixed ionic–electronic conducting films
Authors: Cho Cheolhyun , Kim Byeonggwan , Park Sienoh , Kim Eunkyoung
Published: December 2024

An optimal contribution of electronic and ionic carriers in mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC) films was explored to achieve high voltage and power density for waste and solar heat harvesting at a low temperature gradient.
Probiotic interventions with highly acid-tolerant Levilactobacillus brevis strains improve lipid metabolism and gut microbial balance in obese mice
Authors: Zhou Liping , Gong Luchan , Liu Zhihao , Xiang Jinfeng , Ren Cong , Xu Yan
Published: December 2024

The supplementary of Levilactobacillus brevis strains exerts anti-obesity effects by regulating gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism and gene expression pattern of hepatic cells.
The eating rate of bread predicted from its sensory texture and physical properties
Authors: Heuven Lise A. J. , Dekker Matthijs , Renzetti Stefano , Bolhuis Dieuwerke P.
Published: December 2024

Pathways linking texture and physical properties of bread to eating rate.
Electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation for the synthesis of 4-oxo-oxazolines
Authors: Yuan Yong , Liu Xincong , Zhang Feng , Bai Chunyan , Tao Yuyan , Bao Xiazhen , Ji Dongsheng , Huo Congde
Published: December 2024

A metal- and oxidizing reagent-free electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation of enamides with O-nucleophiles has been developed, leading to a series of 4-oxo-oxazolines under environmentally friendly conditions.
Use of supramolecular chemistry based on β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan beads to prepare green biocatalytic materials
Authors: Bastida Agatha , Garrido Leoncio , Fernández-Mayoralas Alfonso
Published: December 2024

β-Cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan was prepared and used as support to reversibly immobilized adamantane-modified enzymes via supramolecular host–guest interactions. The enzymes could be desorbed after washing with a β-cyclodextrin solution.
Hepatocyte targeting via the asialoglycoprotein receptor
Authors: Ramírez-Cortés Fabricio , Ménová Petra
Published: December 2024

The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) plays a crucial role in delivering therapeutics to hepatocytes. From nucleic acids to LYTACs and drugs, we explore the current state-of-the-art strategies for hepatocyte targeting via ASGPR.
Advances in the development of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors
Authors: Fujita Minami , Demizu Yosuke
Published: December 2024

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a critical role in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis.
Large-scale preparation of Sb3+-activated hybrid metal halides with efficient tunable emission from visible to near-infrared regions for advanced photonic applications
Authors: Xu Ou , Peng Hui , Wei Qilin , Kong Linghang , Wang Xiao , Zhang Heng , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: December 2024

We synthesized Sb3+-doped hybrid Cd(ii) halides at room temperature. (C12H28N)2CdCl4:Sb3+ exhibits excitation wavelength-dependent emission characteristics, while (C12H28N)2CdBr4:Sb3+ exhibits near-infrared emission under 450 nm excitation.
Selective labeling of tyrosine residues in proteins: insights from PTAD labeling and tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Zacharias Adway O. , Cornelius Sharel , Chowdhury Saiful M.
Published: December 2024

Evaluation of the tyrosine labeling reagent PTAD for protein covalent labeling studies using tandem mass spectrometry.
Effective data visualization strategies in untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Mildau Kevin , Ehlers Henry , Meisenburg Mara , Del Pup Elena , Koetsier Robert A. , Torres Ortega Laura Rosina , de Jonge Niek F. , Singh Kumar Saurabh , Ferreira Dora , Othibeng Kgalaletso , Tugizimana Fidele , Huber Florian , van der Hooft Justin J. J.
Published: December 2024

Untargeted metabolomics faces researchers with complex processing, analysis, and interpretation tasks. Here, we review computational tools from the perspective of information visualization and underpin its critical role and importance to the field.
Granular memristors with tunable stochasticity
Authors: Ghosh Uddipan , Bhaumik Ankur , Vasudeva Navyashree , Pandey Anshu
Published: December 2024

This study explores dynamics of silver-based memristors under steadybias, revealing current fluctuations with power-law distribution. This is analyzed using Marcus-Tang theory. This has implications for encryption and computing.
Charge noise in low Schottky barrier multilayer tellurium field-effect transistors
Authors: Moulick Shubhadip , Maity Dipanjan , Samanta Gaurab , Mandal Kalyan , Pal Atindra Nath
Published: December 2024

Multilayer tellurium FETs exhibit high-mobility p-type transport with a low Schottky barrier and low electrical noise governed by Hooge's mobility fluctuation model, positioning tellurium as a key material for low-noise, high performance devices.
An HPQ-based near-infrared dye for the detection of ClO− and accurate imaging of cells and mouse tumor sites in situ
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yao Xue , Peng Min , Ma Yu , Peng Yu , Wang Ya-Wen
Published: December 2024

A dicyanoisophorone unit was introduced into the HPQ skeleton, and a new near-infrared fluorescent probe (SWJT-32) with strong diffusion resistance and good photostability and selectivity was obtained for the specific detection of ClO−.
Two robust polyoxovanadate clusters having a square-prism V10Ox core for efficient catalysis of benzene hydroxylation to phenol
Authors: Wang Ji-Lei , Xu Ling-Xi , Wang Qin , Yan Pin-Fang , Chen Xin-Lian , Jin Ting , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: December 2024

Herein, we synthesized a highly reduced vanadium cluster, and its skeleton presents a distinctive square-prism topology. Also, V10-BTA shows outstanding catalytic performance in benzene hydroxylation reaction (yield: 32.2%, phenol selectivity: 99%).
Two-step tandem synthesis of sugar-containing pyrimidine derivatives catalyzed by Lipozyme® TL IM in continuous-flow microreactors
Authors: Xie Han-Jia , Shao Wen-Xuan , Du Li-Hua , Zhang Ao-Ying , Lin Hang , Huang Zong-Hao , Fu Guo-Neng , Shen Jia-Hong , Yan Bing-Lin , Xue Miao-Miao , Wang Lin , Luo Xi-Ping
Published: December 2024

In continuous-flow microreactors, a two-step tandem scheme was developed to synthesize a series of sugar-containing pyrimidine derivatives with excellent regioselectivity, which can effectively avoid the separation and purification of intermediates.
Gas-phase aldol condensation of formaldehyde to produce hydroxyacetaldehyde and its implication to new particle formation: a theoretical study
Authors: Tang Nianchi , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Jiao , Pan Yue , Xu Hongyang , Wang Chunyu
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric CH2O aldol condensation catalyzed by H2SO4 is greatly enhanced at 200–298 K and the particle formation rates (J) in the H2SO4–C2H4O2 system exceed those in the H2SO4–H2O system under low ambient H2SO4 concentrations.
Light harvesting FIT DNA hybridization probes for brightness-enhanced RNA detection
Authors: Homer Amal , Knoll Andrea , Gruber Uschi , Seitz Oliver
Published: December 2024

Light harvesting FIT probes contain a fluorescent base surrogate acting as a smart quencher of bright auxiliary dyes. After hybridization, simultaneous excitation of both dye groups increases the brightness of hybridization-induced fluorescence.
A cooperative control strategy for balancing SoC and power sharing in multiple energy storage unit within DC microgrids
Authors: Li Jianlin , You Honghao
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a distributed cooperative control scheme for multiple energy storage unit (ESU) in DC microgrids to achieve the control objectives of SoC balancing, power sharing, and bus voltage recovery. In the primary control part, the proposed scheme constructs a control function between the SoC values of each ESU and the droop coefficients to dynamically adjust the droop coefficients. Through a communication network, information is exchanged with neighbouring ESUs to achieve SoC convergence. In the secondary control part, by exchanging power information with neighbouring ESUs, precise power distribution is achieved. Additionally, the proposed scheme maintains bus voltage stability. Finally, a DC microgrid simulation model and experimental platform were developed, demonstrating the feasibility and plug‐and‐play capability of the proposed control strategy through both simulation and experimental case tests.
Torque ripple reduction using adaptive gain model predictive control for induction motor drives
Authors: Banihashemy Seyed Morteza , Bromi Yousef Alinejad
Published: December 2024

This article introduces a new method for induction motor speed control based on predictive control. The presented method is a modified type of model predictive control (MPC) to improve the performance and reduce the torque ripple of the induction motor. Its basis is to consider magnitude changes in the voltage vector to be applied to the motor in each sector. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, an experimental setup has been established on a prototype induction motor (IM) drive built on a Texas Instrument TMS320F28335 floating point Digital Signal Processor (DSP) board. The results of the proposed MPC demonstrates even more than 30% better performance on the IM compared to the conventional MPC in most cases.
Morphologies of galaxies within voids
Authors: Argudo-Fernández M. , Gómez Hernández C. , Verley S. , Zurita A. , Duarte Puertas S. , Blázquez Calero G. , Domínguez-Gómez J. , Espada D. , Florido E. , Pérez I. , Sánchez-Menguiano L.
Published: December 2024

Context. Among the largest structures in which matter is distributed in the Universe, we find cosmic voids, which are large, under-dense regions almost devoid of galaxies. The study of these structures and the galaxies that inhabit them, the void galaxies, provides key information for understanding galaxy evolution.

Aims. In this work we investigate the effects of the environment on the evolution of void galaxies. In particular, we study their morphology and explore its dependence on the location within the void where the galaxies reside, as well as on the properties of the void, such as its size and the galaxy number density.

Methods. The sample of void galaxies that we use in this study is based on the catalogue of cosmic voids and void galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS-DR7). As we are interested in studying the morphology of void galaxies, we select galaxies in the redshift range of 0.005 ≤ z ≤ 0.080, and use the public galaxy morphologies of the SDSS sample together with deep learning algorithms to divide the sample into early- and late-type void galaxies. We analyse the fractions of galaxies of each morphological type as a function of the void-centric distance, the size of the voids, and the density of galaxies in each void.

Results. There is a higher abundance of late-type galaxies with respect to early-type galaxies within voids, which remains nearly constant from the inner to the outer part of the voids. We do not find any dependence of the fraction of early- and late-type galaxies on void size or on the number-density of galaxies in the voids.

Conclusions. Galaxies in voids follow the morphology–density relation, in the sense that the majority of the galaxies in voids (the most under-dense large-scale environments) are late-type galaxies. However, we find no difference between voids with lower or higher volume number-density of galaxies: the fractions of early- and late-type galaxies do not depend on the density of the voids. The physical processes responsible for the evolution from late towards earlier types (such as external environmental quenching) are not sufficiently effective in voids or are so slow (internal secular quenching) that their contributions do not appear in the morphology–density relation.
Effects of the grain temperature distribution on the organic chemistry of protostellar envelopes
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Freimanis Juris
Published: December 2024

Context. Dust grains in circumstellar envelopes are likely to have a spread-out temperature distribution.

Aims. We investigate how trends in the temperature distribution between small and large grains affect the hot-corino chemistry of complex organic molecules (COMs) and warm carbon-chain chemistry (WCCC).

Methods. A multi-grain multi-layer astrochemical code with an advanced treatment of the surface chemistry was used with three grain-temperature trends: a grain temperature proportional to the grain radius to the power -1/6 (Model M-1/6), to 0 (M0), and to 1/6 (M1/6). The cases of hot-corino chemistry and WCCC were investigated for a total of six models. The essence of these changes is that the main ice reservoir (small grains) has a higher (M-1/6) or lower (M1/6) temperature than the surrounding gas.

Results. The chemistry of COMs agrees better with observations in models M-1/6 and M1/6 than in Model M0. Model M-1/6 agrees best for WCCC because earlier mass-evaporation of methane ice from small grains induces the WCCC phenomenon at lower temperatures.

Conclusions. Models considering several grain populations with different temperatures reproduce the circumstellar chemistry more precisely.
Spectroscopic confirmation of the galaxy clusters CARLA J0950+2743 at z = 2.363 and CARLA-Ser J0950+2743 at z = 2.243
Authors: Grishin Kirill A. , Mei Simona , Chilingarian Igor V. , Lepore Marika , Tozzi Paolo , Gonzalez Anthony , Hatch Nina , Stanford Spencer A. , Wylezalek Dominika
Published: December 2024

Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound structures in the Universe and therefore are a powerful tool for studying mass assembly at different epochs. At z > 2, they provide the unique opportunity to place solid constraints not only on the growth of the dark matter halo, but also on the mechanisms of galaxy quenching and morphological transformation when the Universe was younger than 3.3 Gyr. However, the currently available sample of confirmed z > 2 clusters remains very limited. We present the spectroscopic confirmation of the galaxy cluster CARLA J0950+2743 at z = 2.363 ± 0.005 and a new serendipitously discovered cluster, CARLA-Ser J0950+2743 at z = 2.243 ± 0.008, in the same region. We confirm eight star-forming galaxies in the first and five in the second cluster by detecting [OII], [OIII], and Hα emission lines. The analysis of an archival X-ray Chandra dataset that covers the cluster position revealed a counterpart with a total luminosity of L0.5−5keV = 2.9 ± 0.6 × 1045 erg s−1. Because the depth of the X-ray observations is limited, we cannot distinguish the 1D profile of the source from a point spread function model, but our statistical analysis of the 2D profile favors an extended component that might be associated with a thermal contribution from the intracluster medium. If the extended X-ray emission is due to the hot intracluster medium, the total combined dark matter mass for the two clusters would be M200 ≈ 3.0−0.23(stat)+0.20
−0.85(sys)+1.13 × 1014 M⊙, assuming a ∼30% contribution from the active galactic nucleus. Our two clusters are therefore interesting targets for studies of the structure growth in the cosmological context. However, future investigation will require deeper high-resolution X-ray and spectroscopic observations to rule out the hypotheses that the emission is entirely due to the active galactic nucleus or that it originates from other contaminating radio galaxies and structures.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Nardiello D. , Akana Murphy J. M. , Spinelli R. , Baratella M. , Desidera S. , Nascimbeni V. , Malavolta L. , Biazzo K. , Maggio A. , Locci D. , Benatti S. , Batalha N. M. , D’Orazi V. , Borsato L. , Piotto G. , Oelkers R. J. , Mallonn M. , Sozzetti A. , Bedin L. R. , Mantovan G. , Zingales T. , Affer L. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Cabona L. , Collins K. A. , Damasso M. , Filomeno S. , Ghedina A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lanza A. F. , Mancini L. , Rainer M. , Scandariato G. , Schwarz R. P. , Sefako R. , Srdoc G.
Published: December 2024

Context. Small-sized (<4 R⊕) exoplanets in tight orbits around young stars (10–1000 Myr) give us the opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that led to their formation, the evolution of their physical and orbital properties, and, in particular, their atmospheres. Thanks to the all-sky survey carried out by the TESS spacecraft, many of these exoplanets have been discovered, and have subsequently been characterized with dedicated follow-up observations.

Aims. In the context of a collaboration among the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) team, the TESS-Keck Survey (TKS) team, and the California Planet Search (CPS) team, we measured – with a high level of precision – the mass and the radius of TOI-1430 b, a young (~700 Myr) exoplanet with an escaping He atmosphere orbiting the K-dwarf star HD 235088 (TOI-1430).

Methods. By adopting appropriate stellar parameters, which were measured in this work, we were able to simultaneously model the signals due to strong stellar activity and the transiting planet TOI-1430 b in both photometric and spectroscopic series. This allowed us to measure both the radius and mass (and consequently the density) of the planet with high precision, and to reconstruct the evolution of its atmosphere.

Results. TOI-1430 is an active K-dwarf star born 700 ± 150 Myr ago, with a rotation period of Prot ~ 12 days. This star hosts a mini-Neptune, whose orbital period is Pb = 7.434133 ± 0.000004 days. Thanks to long-term photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of this target performed with TESS, HARPS-N, HIRES, and APF, we estimate a radius of RP,b = 1.98 ± 0.07 R⊕, a mass of MP,b = 4.2 ± 0.8 M⊕, and thus a planetary density of ρb = 0.5 ± 0.1 ρ⊕. TOI-1430 b is therefore a low-density mini-Neptune with an extended atmosphere, and is at the edge of the radius gap. Because this planet is known to have an evaporating atmosphere of He, we reconstructed its atmospheric history. Our analysis supports the scenario in which, shortly after its birth, TOI-1430 b was super-puffy, with a radius 5 × −13 × and a mass 1.5 × −2 × the values of today; in ~200 Myr from now, TOI-1430 b should lose its envelope, showing its Earth-size core. We also looked for signals from a second planet in the spectroscopic and photometric series, without detecting any.
Inferring redshift and galaxy properties via a multi-task neural net with probabilistic outputs
Authors: Ginolfi Michele , Mannucci Filippo , Belfiore Francesco , Marconi Alessandro , Boardman Nicholas , Pozzetti Lucia , Bolzonella Micol , Di Teodoro Enrico , Cresci Giovanni , Wild Vivienne , Rodrigues Myriam , Maiolino Roberto , Cirasuolo Michele , Oliva Ernesto
Published: December 2024

The era of large-scale astronomical surveys demands innovative approaches for rapid and accurate analysis of extensive spectral data, and a promising direction in which to address this challenge is offered by machine learning. Here, we introduce a new pipeline, M-TOPnet (Multi-Task network Outputting Probabilities), which employs a convolutional neural network with residual learning to simultaneously derive redshift and other key physical properties of galaxies from their spectra. Our tool efficiently encodes spectral information into a latent space, employing distinct downstream branches for each physical quantity, thereby benefiting from multi-task learning. Notably, our method handles the redshift output as a probability distribution, allowing for a more refined and robust estimation of this critical parameter. We demonstrate preliminary results using simulated data from the MOONS instrument, which will soon be operating at the ESO/VLT. We highlight the effectiveness of our tool in accurately predicting the redshift, stellar mass, and star formation rate of galaxies at z ≳ 1 − 3, even for faint sources (mH ∼ 24) for which traditional methods often struggle. Through analysis of the output probability distributions, we demonstrate that our pipeline enables robust quality screening of the results, achieving accuracy rates of up to 99% in redshift determination (defined as predictions within |Δz|< 0.01 relative to the true redshift) with 8 h exposure spectra, while automatically identifying potentially problematic cases. Our pipeline thus emerges as a powerful solution for the upcoming challenges in observational astronomy, combining precision, interpretability, and efficiency, all aspects that are crucial for analysing the massive datasets expected from next-generation instruments.
Reduced theory of symmetric and antisymmetric exchange interactions in nanowires
Authors: Di Fratta Giovanni , Rybakov Filipp N. , Slastikov Valeriy
Published: December 2024

We investigate the behavior of minimizers of perturbed Dirichlet energies supported on a wire generated by a regular simple curve γ and defined in the space of 𝕊2-valued functions. The perturbation K is represented by a matrix-valued function defined on 𝕊2 with values in ℝ3×3. Under natural regularity conditions on K, we show that the family of perturbed Dirichlet energies converges, in the sense of Γ-convergence, to a simplified energy functional on γ. The reduced energy unveils how part of the antisymmetric exchange interactions contribute to an anisotropic term whose specific shape depends on the curvature of γ. We also discuss the significant implications of our results for studies of ferromagnetic nanowires when Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) is present.
The FLUKA code: Overview and new developments
Authors:   The FLUKA Collaboration, Ballarini Francesca , Batkov Konstantin , Battistoni Giuseppe , Bisogni Maria Giuseppina , Böhlen Till T. , Campanella Mauro , Carante Mario P. , Chen Daiyuan , De Gregorio Angelica , Degtiarenko Pavel V. , De la Torre Luque Pedro , dos Santos Augusto Ricardo , Engel Ralph , Fassò Alberto , Fedynitch Anatoli , Ferrari Alfredo , Ferrari Anna , Franciosini Gaia , Kraan Aafke Christine , Lascaud Julie , Li Wenxin , Liu Juntao , Liu Zhiyi , Magro Giuseppe , Mairani Andrea , Mattei Ilaria , Mazziotta Mario N. , Morone Maria C. , Müller Stefan E. , Muraro Silvia , Ortega Pablo G. , Parodi Katia , Patera Vincenzo , Pinsky Lawrence S. , Ramos Ricardo L. , Ranft Johannes , Rosso Valeria , Sala Paola R. , Santana Leitner Mario , Sportelli Giancarlo , Tessonnier Thomas , Ytre-Hauge Kristian S. , Zana Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

The FLUKA Monte Carlo Radiation Transport and Interaction code package is widely used to simulate the interaction of particles with matter in a variety of fields, including high energy physics, space radiation, medical applications, radiation protection and shielding assessments, accelerator studies, astrophysical studies and well logging. This paper gives a brief overview of the FLUKA program and describes recent developments, in particular, improvements in the modelling of particle interactions and transport are described in detail. In addition, an overview of selected applications is given.
Unpacking brand co-creation: a single-case study and empirical consolidation of brand co-creation performances following qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Brand Lars , Anderski Matthias , Ströbel Tim
Published: December 2024

An increasing body of research adopts a performative perspective of brands, assuming that multiple actors co-create brands in interrelated brand co-creation performances (BCCP). While gaining traction in branding research, empirical work identifying BCCP is scarce (n = 3). BCCP have yet been discussed in single research contexts, evolving largely independent and leading to disparate findings. Initially, this research aims to expand existing empirical work. Using the unusually revelatory ‘over-over-the-top’ context of the sport brand FC St. Pauli, we apply semi-structured interviews, internal brand-related documents, media content analysis, and social media analysis to identify BCCP in a novel research context. Building on this single-case study and existing research on BCCP, we empirically consolidate these primary studies (n = 4) following qualitative meta-synthesis to unpack brand co-creation in various contexts. The empirical consolidation results in eight interrelated BCCP (i.e. communicating, implementing, contesting, developing, negotiating, facilitating, social listening, and assimilating), which are divided into direct brand co-creation performances (dBCCP) and enabling brand co-creation performances (eBCCP). This research contributes to branding literature by unpacking how (i.e. through which BCCP) multiple actors co-create brands. Additionally, it provides brand managers with an enhanced understanding of their brand and the influence of multiple internal and external actors.
Humanistic and diplomatic implications of international scholarship schemes in Taiwan: an analysis
Authors: Lin Warangkana
Published: December 2024

Debates on the nuanced humanistic and diplomatic motives of international scholarship schemes are gaining traction. Diplomatically, these scholarships serve as instruments of “soft power,” enabling host states to influence foreign public opinion. Humanistically, they reflect the host country’s commitment to “aid through higher education” to address global disparities. This study examines the role of higher education in this context, focusing on the impact of the International Cooperation and Development Fund (ICDF) scholarship on alumni’s career trajectories, institution transfers, network formation, social engagement, and Taiwan’s global visibility. Utilising an opinion-leader model, this retrospective research collected data from interviews with Latin American alumni in emerging leadership roles within governments or educational institutions and with faculty and executives from a prestigious university. The findings underscore the adoption of Taiwan-inspired practices by alumni in leadership positions as evidence of diplomatic influence. Graduates’ employability is linked to diplomatic ties, with their applied knowledge addressing social issues in their home countries. The study concludes that scholarships extend beyond mere soft power, serving as vehicles for knowledge diplomacy and fostering humanistic outcomes. This perspective transcends a simplistic binary view, offering a comprehensive understanding of international scholarship programmes and highlighting the intricate interplay between humanistic and diplomatic contributions.
Theory of tunnel breakdown in an excitonic dielectric
Authors: Batyev É. G. , Borisyuk V. A.
Published: December 2024

Expressions are derived for the penetration coefficient and the rate at which electrons are promoted to the upper band under the influence of a constant electric field. Electron interaction is considered only insofar as it causes a self-consistent gap in the spectrum of the excitonic dielectric. In this case the problem reduces to a single-particle one, and may be solved by quasiclassical methods.
Hypersound amplification in nonequilibrium superconductors
Authors: Bulyzhenkov I. É.
Published: December 2024

The propagation of transverse sound in a nonequilibrium superconductor with inverted excitation distribution is considered. The possibility of energy transfer to the lattice vibrations from the nonequilibrium electron system is shown, leading to the amplification of the sound wave.
The effect of Coulomb electron interaction on Peierls instability near the period doubling
Authors: Volkov B. A. , Gurevich A. VI.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the effect of Coulomb electron–electron interaction on the nonuniform state of a Peierls dielectric near period doubling. The phase diagram is constructed. It is shown that the Coulomb interaction stabilizes the uniform solution.