bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological Park as a specially protected natural area of local significance: theory and practice
Authors: Demichev Alexey A.
Published: December 2024

The research analyzes the regional legislation of the Russian Federation, which provides for the existence of ecological parks as a category of specially protected areas of local significance. It has been established that out of 89 subjects of the Russian Federation, only 5 of them (the Republic of Ingushetia, Perm Krai, Lipetsk Oblast, Ulyanovsk Oblast, and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast) provide for such a category of specially protected natural areas of local significance as ecological parks. The legislation of these five regions contains definitions of ecological parks. They indicate the target settings for the creation of ecological parks. They are the broadest in the Republic of Ingushetia, Perm Krai, and the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. The laws of the three named subjects also establish the grounds for recognizing a territory as an ecological park: ecological and aesthetic value. It has been revealed that in reality, ecological parks as specially protected areas of local significance are very rare in Russia. Currently, only two such ecological parks have been created and are successfully functioning (the ecological park of the village of Peshnigort and the ecological park “Yuzhny Les”). Both of them are located in Perm Krai. Another local ecological park, the Black Lake Ecopark, located in the Ulyanovsk Region, has an uncertain legal status. It is concluded that there is no demand for ecological parks as specially protected areas of local significance. The reasons for this are that, firstly, in the regional legislation on ecological parks, this category is practically no different in its legal status from other specially protected natural areas and does not have any specific features compared to them. Consequently, the legislator and law enforcement officer at the regional and municipal levels do not see any particular need to create ecological parks. Secondly, other types of locally protected areas (culture and recreation parks, protected natural landscapes, protected natural sites, etc.) are successfully implemented alternatives to ecological parks in practice.
Public law regulation of biomedical technologies: the Norwegian experience
Authors: Romanovsky Georgy B. , Romanovskaya Ekaterina A. , Dasaeva Anastasia I.
Published: December 2024

A comparative study of the legal regulation of biomedical technologies is conducted. The purpose of the study is to conduct a legal examination of the Norwegian experience, which is an example of a conservative ap-proach based on the most careful permission for innovation in such a sensitive area. The main provisions of the Law of December 5, 2003, No. 100 “On the Medical Use of Biotechnology, etc. (Biotechnology Law)” are ana-lyzed in detail. This law is based on the observance of universal principles in biomedicine – respect for human dignity, observance of human rights and personal inviolability, non-discrimination on the basis of heredity, pro-motion of the principles of bioethics. The main restrictions imposed on medical workers when implementing as-sisted reproductive technologies are shown. For example, Norway is a country where surrogacy is prohibited, and the birth of children using assisted reproduction is possible only after a thorough examination of the couple for the possibility of raising a child in appropriate conditions. Special requirements are presented for obtaining consent for the use of various biological objects (tissues, human cells, aborted material) for research purposes. It is highlighted that special legislation is in force that determines the legal regime of biobanks. It is concluded that the presence of strict rules correlates with the level of high trust in the public health system.
Comparative analysis of the Strategy for Countering Extremism until 2025 and the draft Strategy for Countering Extremism for the period 2025–2036 in the Russian Federation
Authors: Omelina Olga S.
Published: December 2024

A comparative analysis of two strategic documents’ provisions in the countering extremism field in the Russian Federation is presented: the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2020 “On ap-proval of the Strategy for countering extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025” and the draft of the new "Strategy for countering extremism in the Russian Federation for the period 2025–2036”. The purpose of the study is to determine the trends in state policy in the countering extremism field by analyzing the Strategy provi-sions for Countering Extremism until 2025 and the draft Strategy for Countering Extremism until 2036. The spread of extremist ideas acts as a serious threat to the Russian society’s development. To determine the state’s activities’ directions, it is necessary to analyze the basic documents of strategic purpose. As research methods, the following are defined: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, system method) and private scientific methods: statistical and comparative legal.
BRICS as an instrument of international cooperation in global crisis situations
Authors: Ponomarenko Svetlana V.
Published: December 2024

BRICS plays a key role as a platform for strengthening international cooperation in the context of global crises, where issues of legal regulation of interstate relations are gaining new relevance. As an association of large developing economies, BRICS focuses on equal dialogue, sustainable development and countering unilateral sanctions and economic restrictions and legal interaction. The strategic approach of the organization is based on the promotion of multipolarity, the protection of cultural sovereignty and the rejection of any form of discrimination or external dictate, which allows the BRICS to act as a counterweight to Western-centric models of global governance. It is the creation of new alliances and attempts to expand the importance of existing inter-state mechanisms that bring to the surface issues of improving the formats of international cooperation, and BRICS is one of the key options for multilateral cooperation aimed at forming its own model of interaction. The conclusions are proposed that the increasing influence of the system of geopolitical factors stimulate the need to develop new legal methods, approaches and tools within the framework of the security strategy when developing new BRICS priorities. The results of this study contribute to the development of theoretical and practical foundations in the perspective of legal regulation of international relations.
A secundarização do conteúdo na análise psicanalítica do impulso criativo
Authors: Saraiva Diogo Manuel Vieira , Ribeiro Dinis Cayolla , Loureiro Domingos Fernando da Silva
Published: December 2024

Este artigo procura explorar a noção de secundarização do conteúdo, apontando as limitações da abordagem psicanalítica da estética explorada por Sigmund Freud, no momento de analisar e compreender o impulso criativo do artista. Neste enquadramento, reconhece-se na abordagem Kleiniana, a capacidade para explorar este território, relacionando os aspetos formais que a definem, com o elemento da memória enquanto ferramenta prática e teórica. Desta forma estabelece-se uma ponte entre os dois territórios, possibilitando uma exploração focada na compreensão dos motivos por detrás do impulso criativo e independente das especificidades do conteúdo resultante.
Projeto
Authors: Meireles Cildo
Published: December 2024

Mebs/Caraxia (1970-1971) é um disco de vinil de 33 rpm, com edição de 500 cópias e produção do autor. A ideia deste disco, gravado a partir do uso de um oscilador de frequência, foi construir esculturas sonoras, ou seja, projetar uma imagem espacial por meio da percepção auditiva. Assim, de um lado do vinil, a banda MEBS seria o gráfico sonoro da fita de Moebius, enquanto o outro lado, CARAXIA, se refere a tornar sonora uma espiral. Em 1981, Rodolfo Caesar e Tim (Luiz Augusto) Rescala executaram um trecho de Caraxia na Sala Sidney Miller, Funarte, Rio de Janeiro.
Mundo Novo
Authors: Queiroz João Paulo
Published: December 2024

Apresenta-se uma leitura crítica sobre “Mundo Novo” a exposição de pintura de Ilídio Salteiro no Salão da SNBA, em Lisboa, Portugal, no começo de 2024. Relaciona-se a proposta com algumas regularidades poéticas (o pântano, a casa, a ponte, a ilha, o muro) e plásticas (a pintura a óleo, as camadas de tinta, a organização em dípticos ou em séries). Visitam-se alguns dos lugares da topografia excursiva da sua iconografia, selecionando alguns exemplos, como a Ponte, a Torre, o Muro, a Casa, o Paraíso, o Livro, e procurando enfatizar alguns tópicos de exploração plástica. Conclui-se revelando uma atitude proposicional ética e plástica que articula toda a sua expressão visual, ligando solidamente as mais dispersas referências.
Providing black soldier fly maggot flour (Hermetia illucens) as a substitute for concentrated feed for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) content of broiler chickens
Authors: Sisda Indah Millenia Kartika  , Sri Hidanah  , Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum  , Ratna Damayanti  , Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari  , Sunaryo Hadi Warsito
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of concentrate substitution with maggot black soldier fly flour in the ration on the percentage of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in broilers. This study used 20 broilers strain Cobb 500 aged five weeks. The P0 group was given a basal diet consisting of 30% concentrate, 60% corn, and 10% rice bran. Groups of P1, P2, P3, and P4 were given basal diet with concentrate substitution of 2, 4, 6, 8% with maggot flour, respectively. Data collection was carried out at the end of the study. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the substitution of concentrate with maggot flour from black soldier flies had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the percentage of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)
The influence of using fermentated rumen content at quail feed to the protein of yolk and albumen of quail eggs
Authors: Gesa Cantya Primatara  , Mohammad Anam Al Arif  , Tita Damayanti Lestari  , Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari  , Sri Hidanah  , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: December 2024

Ruminal content is one of slaughterhouse waste that has not been utilized optimally, in fact there are cases where ruminal content are thrown away haphazardly, causing environmental pollution. The nutritional value of ruminal content is relatively high which is caused by the imperfect nutrition absorption do not have much difference with the original nutritional value coming from the cattle feed itself. nutritional value in ruminal content is 8.86% of protein, 2.6% of fat, 28.78% of fiber, 0.55% of phosphor, 18.54% of ash and 10.92% of water content. The aims of this research was to find out whether the usage of fermentation cattle ruminal content in quail’s feed ransom can influence the protein content inside the yolk and albumen of an egg. This research used fermentation cattle ruminal content and divided into four treatments. The first treatment (T0) was only giving formula feed. The second treatment (T1) was Formulation feed (5% fermentated rumen content). The second treatment (T2) was Formulation feed (10% fermentated rumen content). The third treatment (T3) was Formulation feed (15% fermentated rumen content). The experiment design was Completely Randomized Design.
EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON PERCEPTIONS OF HPV VACCINATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE FEMALE STUDENTS
Authors: Hameed Shahul , K Chethana , Khan Asif
Published: December 2024

Introduction: India leads the world in terms of the prevalence of cervical cancer. If the HPV vaccine is administered before to first sexual contact, the potential degree of protection is approximately 70%. Aims: To investigate the impact of an educational intervention on perception among undergraduate female students. Methodology: Quasi-experimental design without control groups -One group pretest and post-test study was conducted in a tertiary health care center, among undergraduate female students of Medical, Nursing and Physiotherapy colleges. The study comprised 427 students. Perception of cervical cancer and practice of HPV Vaccination was assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire before giving educational intervention. After a gap of 4 weeks of educational intervention, a post-test was done. Results: data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire before and after intervention and it was found that 93% of the study population who had not had the HPV vaccination (406) were willing to do so in the future, and 90.4% of the entire study population (427) were willing to advise others to obtain the cervical cancer vaccine. Following an educational intervention, 2.8% of pupils received vaccinations in 4 weeks. Conclusion: In this study, medical and paramedical college students who received an educational intervention showed increased knowledge and a shift in behavior, including a willingness to get immunized. Thus, these initiatives can be promoted among female undergraduate students at all colleges, which will enhance their use of the HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIV-TB CO-INFECTION IN PEOPLE WITH HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY
Authors: Sitorus Rico januar , Murinata Jaka , Antara Nyoman Yudi , Sangalang Reymart V. , Panjaitan Merry Natalia
Published: December 2024

Introduction : Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the co-infections with high morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The prevalence of Tuberculosis in HIV patients in Indonesia ranges from 19.7% to 61.5%. Aims: This study aimed to identify predictors of incident HIV-TB co-infection in PLWHA. Methods: This observational study used a case-control design. Cases were defined as patients with HIV/AIDS co-infected with TB, while controls were those with HIV/AIDS without TB co-infection. The study population included 180 PLWHA, comprising 60 cases and 120 controls. Exclusion criteria for the case group were patients who had not completed their medical records and those who were previously infected with TB before HIV infection. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that variables significantly related to TB-HIV were clinical stage, CD4 levels, anemia status, and opportunistic infections. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CD4 levels were the dominant predictor, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 5.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.84-11.84, p = 0.0001. Meanwhile, clinical stage, anemia status, and opportunistic infections were confounding variables. Conclusion: CD4 levels were found to be a dominant predictor of increased TB-HIV risk. Further efforts should be made to encourage home assistant care initiation and improve medication compliance based on these results.
ENHANCING KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS FOR MEASLES AND RUBELLA ELIMINATION TO PREVENT CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME IN KULON PROGO AND GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCIES
Authors: Herini Elisabeth Siti , Triono Agung , Iskandar Kristy , Indrawanti Ratni , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Nuady Albaaza , Prasetyo Ashadi , Paramastuti Avianti , Nugrahanto Andika Priamas , Mooiindie Khansadhia Hasmaradana , Damroni Rais Aliffandy , Timoti Joshua
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Measles-Rubella (MR) Vaccination coverage is important in eliminating Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). In 2023, Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul Regencies recorded 98.59% and 97.63%, respectively. We conducted campaign activities, introduced the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine, and implemented educational efforts crucial for controlling measles, rubella and CRS. A collaborative educational program was organized to improve the quality of promotive and preventive education provided to health workers and elementary teachers. Aims: To enhance the knowledge of health workers and elementary teachers regarding measles, rubella, CRS and elimination strategies in Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul Regency. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental, non-randomized design with no control group. The participants were selected from all primary health care centers and selected elementary schools in Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul Regency. Before and after a multi-modal educational program, knowledge of participants was measured using questionnaire and analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: We included 72 health workers and 8 elementary teachers in Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul Regency. The results indicated an increase in knowledge among health workers regarding these topics. However, elementary teachers did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in knowledge level, likely due to the small number of participants and a general lack of knowledge about these subjects among teachers. Conclusion: Multi-modal intervention enhanced the knowledge of health workers and elementary teachers about measles, rubella, CRS, elimination strategies of these diseases in two regencies of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Therefore, it is essential that public health authorities should prioritize continuous and accessible education programs for them
OVERVIEW OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS UNDERGOING SURGERY IN PADANG, WEST SUMATRA, 2018-2022
Authors: Irfandy Dolly , Handayani Tuti , Budiman Bestari Jaka , Megananda Cahaya
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains a health problem that affects the quality of life of patients and often requires surgery. Approximately >60% of CRS patients undergo surgery. Aims: This study aims to identify an overview of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing surgery in Padang, West Sumatra, 2018-2022. Methods: This type of study is a descriptive observational study conducted by observing the medical records of CRS patients at the ENT-HNS Outpatient Department of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang for the period January 2018 – December 2022 with a total sample of 138 patients. Samples were collected using a total sampling technique and then analyzed univariately. Results: The results of this study showed that CRS patients were found mostly (21.7% each) in the 41-50 years and 51-60 years age groups, more than half (52.2%) were male, and most (86.2%) lived in West Sumatra area. Most (89.9%) patients presented with nasal congestion and more than half (55.1%) had CRSwNP. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common microbe type (29.8%) found in patients. Most total Lund-Mackay scores (24.6%) were found in the 5-8 score range. Most (83.3%) patients visited postoperatively for ≤ 3 months with an average of 3.6 visits per patient. Conclusion: This study provides an overview of CRS patients who underwent surgery, which is crucial for determining the most appropriate management strategies to prevent the worsening of patient symptoms. Furthermore, this study may provide an overview of the duration of post-sinus surgery control.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF COVID-19 SURVIVORS IN THE CITY OF BOGOR
Authors: Insani Laras Arsyi , Hidajah Atik Choirul
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The number of COVID-19 survivors in Bogor City until 2021 is 98.52%. COVID-19 survivors often experience a reduction in quality of life and impacts such as symptoms for a long period of time, fatigue, headaches, shortness of breath, impaired physical function, and others that affect quality of life. Aim: Analyze the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors in Bogor City. Method: A cross-sectional design with a population of all Bogor City residents who have declared cured depending on data from the Bogor City Health Office in 2021 with a sample is the majority of COVID-19 survivors in the Bogor City residents who have been certified cured of COVID-19 as demonstrated by the positive screening findings for COVID-19 and have the inclusion criteria. Age, gender, educational status, marital status, employment status, income, vaccination status, alcohol drinking habit, smoking habit, comorbidity, obesity, COVID-19 symptoms experienced, duration of COVID-19 recovery, and hospitalization were independent variables, and data collection was done with an online questionnaire application within 2 (two) months using the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) to measure quality of life. Result: The quality of life of COVID-19 in Bogor City is classified as good. The variables of educational status, income, comorbidities, obesity, COVID-19 symptoms experienced, and duration of COVID-19 recovery show that these variables have a greater risk of experiencing poor quality of life. Conclusion: Educational status, income, comorbidities, obesity, COVID-19 symptoms experienced, and the duration of COVID-19 recovery have a significant relationship with quality of life.
ANALYSIS OF DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT SHORTCOURSE IMPLEMENTATION AS AN EFFORT TO CONTROL TUBERCULOSIS IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Liena Sofiana  , Muthiah Tis’a Salma , Putri Nawwara
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Globally, tuberculosis (TBC) continues to be a factor causing morbidity and death. During the COVID-19 epidemic, case detection has decreased globally; Indonesia is one of the countries that sees this. For many years, the Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) approach has been used as a TB control program. Based on case studies, the success rate for tuberculosis treatment in Yogyakarta is 86.4%, which does not meet the national target. Aims: To evaluate the Yogyakarta DOTS strategy in reducing TB. Methods: This research uses a qualitative case study design methodology. Six people participated in this research as respondents; two of them were drug swallowing supervisors, and four of them were TBC program participants. Theme analysis was applied to data analysis. Results: Yogyakarta successfully implemented DOTS which consists of five strategies. There are no gubernatorial regulations derived from presidential regulations regarding TB control; however, there was a decision by the governor to accelerate the eradication of TB, which later became a political commitment. Cases were identified through sputum examination using a rapid molecular test. Healthcare institutions have adequate access to medicines, which are monitored by the drug swallowing supervisors. Tuberculosis information system (SITB) is used in monitoring, recording and reporting systems. Conclusion: Implementing the five of Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse strategies in controlling TBC in Yogyakarta has been done quite well. However, implementation is still hampered by a lack of human resources, computer infrastructure, and connections, all of which impact timely reporting.
Influence of Humeral Component Cement and Bone Grafting on Greater Tuberosity Healing and Functional Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Kaiser Andrew H.A. , Buchanan Timothy R. , Bindi Victoria E. , Holt Kara E. , Reddy Akshay R. , Tishad Abtahi , Hones Keegan M. , Wright Jonathan O. , Wright Thomas W. , Schoch Bradley S. , King Joseph J. , Hao Kevin A.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is increasingly used in the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) with reliable clinical improvement. However, the preferred techniques for humeral stem fixation are varied and may be influenced by patient and injury characteristics, including bone quality and fracture pattern. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of humeral component cementing and bone grafting on tuberosity healing rates and functional outcomes after RSA for PHFs.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were queried for clinical studies on RSA performed for PHFs that reported on the use of cemented humeral stems and autograft bone. The primary outcome was the rate of greater tuberosity healing between the various techniques. Secondarily, the authors compared clinical outcomes including postoperative external rotation, forward elevation, abduction, Constant score, and the incidence of complications and revision surgery. Outcomes were compared based on the use of an uncemented press-fit stem, a fully cemented stem without bone graft, or a partially cemented stem with humeral head autograft (i.e., black and tan technique).

Results:

Forty-eight studies reporting on 1,797 RSAs were included (mean patient age, 75 years; follow-up, 34 months; 81% female). Tuberosity healing was highest in the uncemented cohort, then the black and tan cohort, and lowest in the cemented cohort (80% vs. 70% vs. 61%, p = 0.006). No significant differences in postoperative range of motion, Constant score, complication rates, or revision rates were found.

Conclusion:

Uncemented fixation with a press-fit stem was associated with superior greater tuberosity healing rates; however, functional outcomes and complications did not differ among techniques.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Adaptive Hydraulics (AdH) Version 4.7.1 Sediment Transport user's manual : a 2D modeling system developed by the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory
Authors:   Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.), Buesing Aaron
Published: December 2024

Guidelines are presented for using the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Adaptive Hydraulics (AdH) modeling software to model 2D shallow water problems with sediment transport (i.e., AdH linked to the Sediment Transport Library [SEDLIB]). This manual describes the inputs necessary to use the SEDLIB sediment transport library from within AdH, to perform coupled hydrodynamic, sediment, and morphological computations. The SEDLIB sediment transport library is intended to be of general use and, as such, examples are given for basic sediment transport of cohesive, noncohesive, and mixed suspended sediment loads and bedload.
Effects of Flow and Geomechanics Coupling in Faulted Reservoirs for CO2 Storage
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Nardean Stefano , Monaco Silvia , Garipov Timur , Mantica Stefano , Cominelli Alberto
Published: December 2024

Accurately reproducing the coupling of fluid flow in porous media and rock mechanics is crucial for the modeling of CO2 geological storage to properly evaluate and prevent the risk of inducing fault instability during injection operations. As an alternative to using monolithic flow/mechanical suites, the process can be modeled by linking individual codes, that is i, a reservoir simulator for flow and a geomechanical package to account for fluid-induced stress change, which tackle the two problems sequentially. We developed a flexible numerical framework from which different coupling logics can be selected (i.e., one-way coupling, two-way iterative coupling, and two-way explicit coupling), which are characterized by different levels of accuracy and computational costs. A multirate, two-way coupling algorithm, which allows the flow and mechanical simulators to exchange information periodically rather than at every timestep, is also available to reduce the computational cost of two-way coupled simulations. In this work, we use this coupling infrastructure to perform numerical experiments aimed at defining whether sequential iterative coupling is strictly needed or not, and which less expensive logic can be used to attain a similar solution accuracy. First, a synthetic test case is used to illustrate the onset of fault instability during CO2 injection operations for different sets of coupling parameters (type and frequency), rock properties, and fault permeability. It is thus possible to evaluate, for a reasonable range of coupling strength, which depends on fluids and rock properties, the optimal level of coupling. Results are strongly influenced by the coupling strength, and two-way iterative coupling should be selected for tightly coupled systems to accurately reproduce the fault behavior. For a loosely coupled system, instead, the one-way approach should be the preferred choice due to its lower computational cost. Later, we consider CO2 injection into a realistic formation, and we analyze the impact of the coupling frequency on the computational performance. We show that, for complex cases, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the reduction in the number of coupling iterations and the reduction in computational time for increasing coupling period.
The identification of XPR1 as a voltage- and phosphate-activated phosphate-permeable ion channel
Authors: Wang Zhao , Wu Hongjiang , Sun Liang , Wensel Theodore , Horrigan Frank , Huo Tong
Published: December 2024

Maintaining a balance of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is vital for cellular functionality due to Pi's essential role in numerous biological processes. Proper phosphate levels are managed through Pi import and export, facilitated by specific Pi transport proteins. Although the mechanisms of Pi import have been extensively studied, the processes governing Pi export remain less understood. Xenotropic and Polytropic retrovirus Receptor 1 (XPR1) has been identified as the only known Pi export protein in mammals, playing a key role in facilitating Pi efflux from cells. Malfunctions in XPR1 are associated with human diseases, such as primary familial brain calcification and certain cancers, highlighting its critical role in maintaining Pi homeostasis. In this study, we introduce the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of human XPR1 (hXPR1), unveiling a structural arrangement distinct from that of any known ion transporter, with a topology not identified in previous computational predictions. Our structural results suggest that hXPR1 may operate as an ion channel, a hypothesis supported by patch clamp recordings revealing hXPR1's voltage- and Pi-dependent activity and large unitary conductance. Using proteoliposomal uptake assays, we demonstrate that purified and reconstituted hXPR1 catalyzes transport of Pi. Further analysis, including the structure of hXPR1 in presence of Pi, and functional effects of mutating a putative Pi binding site, leads us to propose a plausible ion permeation pathway. Together, our results provide novel perspectives on the Pi transport mechanism of XPR1 and its homologues.
Neuroprotective Role of Tocopherol Derivatives in Alzheimer’s Disease: Behavioral and Biochemical Analysis
Authors: Iqbal Zafar , Yousaf Faha , Chatha Humayun Iftikhar , Shahzad Sana , Anwar Fareeha , Shabbir Muhammad Danial , Waseem Syeda Hira , Manan Maria
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a terminal disease that results from progressive loss of neurons in the brain leading to cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and neuroinflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the neurotrophic profile of a newly synthesized naphthalene tocopherol competitive to Vitamin E acetate in an AD mouse model. The learning and memory were examined by the following behavioral paradigms: Fear Conditioning Test, Barnes Maze Test, Elevated Plus Maze Test and Morris Water Maze Test. Immunohistochemical observations were made to assess markers of oxidative stress using MDA, SOD, and GSH and neuroinflammation using IL-6 and TNF-α. The effectiveness was evidenced through the reduction of oxidation stress, reducing cytokines that cause inflammation, and overall enhancement on cognitive functioning among the groups administered with the tocopherol derivative at the dosages of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg. These findings indicate that tocopherol derivatives could indeed have a more robust neuroprotective activity than the standard Vitamin E with an application in the treatment of AD. Carrying out similar experiments in human would be another approach to confirm these findings as well as determine the molecular basis of their effects.
Predictive Modeling of Biodegradation Pathways Using Transformer Architectures
Authors: Brydon Liam , Zhang Kunyang , Dobbie Gillian , Taškova Katerina , Wicker Jörg Simon
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the integration of machine learning techniques into chemical reaction product prediction has opened new avenues for understanding and predicting the behaviour of chemical substances. The necessity for such predictive methods stems from the growing regulatory and social awareness of the environmental consequences associated with the persistence and accumulation of chemical residues. Traditional biodegradation prediction methods rely on expert knowledge to perform predictions. However, creating this expert knowledge is becoming increasingly prohibitive due to the complexity and diversity of newer datasets, leaving existing methods unable to perform predictions on these datasets. We formulate the product prediction problem as a sequence-to-sequence generation task and take inspiration from natural language processing and other reaction prediction tasks. In doing so, we reduce the need for the expensive manual creation of expert-based rules.

Scientific Contribution We contribute the first study of the transformer's ability to predict biodegradation reactions. Our proposed method can more accurately and efficiently predict biodegradation reactions on more compounds than existing methods. We also contribute a framework for evaluating transformer product prediction methods that can better illustrate the method's performance and is more suitable for comparison to other methods.
BMIgap: a new tool to quantify transdiagnostic brain signatures of current and future weight
Authors: Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Khuntia Adyasha Tejaswi , Popovic David , Sarisik Elif , Buciuman Madalina O. , Pedersen Mads L. , Westlye Lars T. , Andreassen Ole , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Kambeitz Joseph , Salokangas Raimo , Hietala Jarmo , Bertolino Alessandro , Borgwardt Stefan , Brambilla Paolo , Upthegrove Rachel , Wood Stephen , Lencer Rebekka , Meisenzahl Eva , Falkai Peter , Schwarz Emanuel , Wiegand Ariane
Published: December 2024

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of weight gain could reduce excess mortality and improve long-term trajectories of psychiatric disorders. We used support-vector machines and whole-brain voxel-wise grey matter volume to generate and validate a BMI predictor in healthy individuals (N = 1504) and applied it to individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ,N = 146), clinical high-risk states for psychosis (CHR,N = 213) and recent-onset depression (ROD,N = 200). We computed BMIgap (BMIpredicted-BMImeasured), interrogated its brain-level overlaps with SCZ and explored whether BMIgap predicted weight gain at 1- and 2-year follow-up. SCZ (BMIgap = 1.05kg/m2) and CHR individuals (BMIgap = 0.51 kg/m2) showed increased and ROD individuals (BMIgap=-0.82 kg/m2) decreased BMIgap. Shared brain patterns of BMI and SCZ were linked to illness duration, disease onset, and hospitalization frequency. Higher BMIgap predicted future weight gain, particularly in younger ROD individuals, and at 2-year follow-up. Therefore, we propose BMIgap as a potential brain-derived measure to stratify at-risk individuals and deliver tailored interventions for better metabolic risk control.
Analysing the future trends of foehn-enabling synoptic patterns over two valleys in the Eastern Alps in CMIP5 EURO-CORDEX models
Authors: Maier Philipp , Klisho Tatiana , Formayer Herbert , Lehner Fabian
Published: December 2024

Foehn has an impact on various climatological variables like temperature and humidity in the highly populated valleys of the Eastern Alps. With increasing global warming, the question arises as to how well climate projections are able to produce conditions for foehn and how their occurrence changes with climate change. This study uses four XGBoost models to classify foehn in EURO-CORDEX climate models of the CMIP5 generation for localised and widespread foehn events in Rhine and Inn valley located in the Eastern Alps, whereas ERA5 reanalysis data in combination with training data derived from semi-automated weather stations are used in the training process. Weights for individual models are derived by analysing the performance of EURO-CORDEX models in their ability to produce foehn-enabling conditions and considering their independence from each other in the historical period. Bias analysis shows a systematic negative bias in annual foehn occurrence for the GCMs ICHEC-EC-EARTH and MOHC-HadGEM2-ES, whereas others show no systematic bias. The training data confirm other studies by showing that the two selected valleys behave differently in their foehn occurrence and in the portion of widespread events. A weighted trend analysis for future behaviour of foehn shows a statistically significant increase in widespread events in Rhine valley and a decrease in total events in Inn valley under increasing warming conditions. Further, a shift in foehn seasonality in both valleys can be observed with a higher frequency in the spring months and a lower frequency from July to October, also depending on the climate change signal.
Modeling the Productivity of Opportunity Crops across Africa under Climate Change in Support of the Vision for Adapted Crops and Soils
Authors: Guarin Jose , Yang Meijian , MacCarthy Dilys , Karl Kevin , Jägermeyr Jonas , Ruane Alex , Castellano Andres , Freduah Bright , Wesley Gershom , Narh Stephen , Leal Elena Mendez , Rosenzweig Cynthia
Published: December 2024

Addressing future agricultural challenges requires breeding cultivars with improved tolerance to evolving climatic conditions. Many African traditional and indigenous "opportunity crops" have demonstrated increased resilience to climate hazards, yet have received minimal developmental investment. Here, the SIMPLE process-based crop model is used to assess the impact of future climate change on the productivity of 5 staple crops and 19 African opportunity crops under low and high emissions scenario projections. Roots/tubers show the highest resiliency while vegetables are the most vulnerable. Cassava, teff, grass pea, sesame seed, and finger millet are projected to have the largest productivity increases, while mung bean, lablab, amaranth, Bambara groundnut, and maize productivity are projected to decrease significantly. Crops grown in the Sahel appear most susceptible to climate change, while crops in East and Central Africa demonstrate greater resilience. These findings guide regional investments in opportunity crop development and support their inclusion in adaptation measures.
The Goldilocks Days: optimising the older adults' time-use to prevent obesity, low fitness, risk and fear of falling.
Authors: Vindiš Jan , Pelclová Jana , Jašková Paulína , Hron Karel
Published: December 2024

This study introduces the concept of the "Goldilocks Day" – the optimal 24-hour time-use of intensity- or posture-specific composition specifically tailored for young (65–70 years) and old (> 70 years) older adults. We aimed (1) to optimal 24-hour time-use of compositions for each health outcome, and (2) identify the 'Goldilock Day' for all outcomes together. This approach, involving backwards pivot coordinates (bpcs), we provide a clearer interpretation of physical behavior data, offering practical insights for healthy aging. Data were collected from 309 older adults (65 + years) in Czechia, using accelerometers worn. Both intensity-specific (sedentary behavior - SB, light physical activity - LPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity - MVPA, and sleep) and posture-specific behaviors (lying, sitting, standing, moving, and walking) were assessed. Health outcomes included BMI, fall risk, fear of falling, physical fitness, usual gait speed, and lower extremity strength. Compositional regression models, based on the bpcs, were used to assess the relationships between time-use and these outcomes. In younger older adults, the time-use composition for optimal BMI included 7.5 hours of sleep, 12.0 hours of SB, 3.2 hours of LPA, and 1.4 hours of MVPA. Old older adults displayed slightly lower MVPA (1.0 hour) and increased SB (12.8 hours). Generally, higher MVPA and lower SB were associated with better physical fitness and reduced fear of falling. The optimal "Goldilocks Day" for both age groups highlighted the benefits of higher physical activity and reduced sedentary time, with significant implications for personalized health recommendations and improved health outcomes in Czech older adults.
Methodology for fatigue life maximization of a ship by minimizing fatigue induce stress values at hot spots
Authors: Kapnopoulou Vaso K. , Samuelides Manolis S.
Published: December 2024

The fatigue life of a ship is as high as the fatigue life of its most vulnerable connection. In the present study it is sought to extend the fatigue life of a ship by extending the fatigue life of its hot spot locations. The ship structural details studied are approached at a macroscopic level and a novel two-step approach methodology is proposed that aims in minimizing the fatigue-induce stress values developed at hot spot locations. Therefore, fatigue life is maximized. This is attained by developing and solving structural optimization problems. The methodology is implemented into three separate ship structural details at a Bulk Carrier; the lower hopper knuckle connection, the lower side frame bracket toe and the side framing bracket to upper sloping connection. The steps of the methodology proposed include: (a) the identification of fatigue-induce stress component, (b) picking out critical structural member(s) of the connections, (c) implement modifications by setting up and solving a size optimization problem for the details studied (1st step), and (d) implement geometry modifications by setting up and solving a topology optimization problem for the details studied (2nd step). Fatigue analyses are conducted in both steps in order to appraise the changes implemented. The implementation of the proposed methodology manages to increase the fatigue life of the connections up to 17.24 years.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Real-time Teleresistance Exercise Programs for Physical Function in Elderly Patients After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dajpratham Piyapat , Komas Jidapa , Yamthed Rungsima , Chanthon Prasertphon , Kovintaset Kriangkrai , Claikhem Thaniyaporn , Unnanuntana Aasis , Vanitcharoenkul Ekasame , Srinonpras Varalak , Sura-amonrattana Unchana
Published: December 2024

Background
Hip fractures substantially impair quality of life and functional outcomes in elderly individuals. With incidence rates rising globally and in Thailand, effective rehabilitation strategies are crucial. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of teleresistance exercise programs compared with traditional exercise booklets in elderly patients following hip fracture surgery.
Methods
A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Elderly patients aged 60 to 90 years who had undergone hip fracture surgery were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received a 12-week teleresistance exercise program, whereas the control group followed an exercise booklet. The primary outcome was the short physical performance battery (SPPB). The secondary outcomes were the two-minute walk test (2MWT) score, knee extension strength, and anxiety level.
Results
Thirty-three participants with a mean age of 76.8 years (SD 8.6) were enrolled. At 12 weeks, the intervention group presented significant improvements in SPPB scores compared with those of the control group (P = 0.040). There were no significant differences in 2MWT, knee extension strength or anxiety scores between the groups. The improvements in SPPB and 2MWT scores for the intervention group surpassed the minimal clinically important difference.
Conclusions
Compared with traditional exercise booklets, teleresistance exercise programs significantly enhance physical function in elderly patients following hip fracture surgery. This method offers a feasible and effective alternative to standard rehabilitation approaches. Future research should explore long-term effects and refine exercise protocols for telerehabilitation.
Trial registration:
Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220123001/ 2022-01-21)
Transcriptome-Based Analysis Reveals Relationship between Duck Eggshell Color and Eggshell Strength
Authors: Wang Longxin , Liu Hehe , Yu Simeng , Lu Meixi , Zhang Yunsheng , Wang Shuaiqin , Hou Shuisheng
Published: December 2024

Background
The strength of duck eggshells is essential for their storage, transportation, and processing, with various studies indicating a correlation between eggshell color and strength.
Results
Our research has demonstrated that green-shelled duck eggs exhibit higher eggshell strength compared to white-shelled eggs in the M2 Line Pekin Duck population. To this end, we established mRNA transcriptome profiles of 10 eggshell gland tissues and 10 liver tissues and constructed gene expression networks in the two tissues. RNA-Seq analysis suggests that genes associated with ion transport, transmembrane transport, and liver cell proliferation and differentiation in the eggshell gland could play important roles in eggshell formation. The liver of green shell duck has stronger cell proliferation ability to maintain its homeostasis, and the eggshell gland has stronger ability to secrete eggshell matrix protein, which may be the reason why the eggshell is stronger than that of white shell duck. Through Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three related modules were found in eggshell gland and liver, respectively, and three key genes were screened in each tissue (eggshell gland: FKBP10, PPARG, MAP3K5, liver: PHLDA1, FLT3, CACNB4). They have important regulatory effects on eggshell color and eggshell strength respectively.
Conclusions
Through transcriptome sequencing of liver and eggshell gland of Pekin duck, multiple key genes regulating eggshell color and strength were screened, and finally a related gene network was constructed. These genes may participate in the regulation of eggshell formation through ion transport, transmembrane transport, and cell proliferation, which helps to fully understand the differences in eggshell formation between green-shelled duck and white-shelled duck.
IL13RA2-integrated genetically engineered mouse model allows for CAR T cells targeting pediatric high-grade gliomas
Authors: Seblani Maggie , Zannikou Markella , Duffy Joseph , Levine Rebecca , Thakur Aditi , Vallcorba Montserrat Puigdelloses- , Horbinski Crag , Miska Jason , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Becher Oren , Balyasnikova Irina
Published: December 2024

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) and pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (pDMG) are devastating diseases without durable and curative options. Although targeted immunotherapy has shown promise, the field lacks immunocompetent animal models to study these processes in detail. To achieve this, we developed a fully immunocompetent, genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) for pDMG and pHGG that incorporates the glioma-associated antigen, interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13RA2). Utilizing the RCAS-Tva delivery system in Nestin-Tva mice, we induced gliomagenesis by overexpressing PDGFB and deleting p53 (p53fl/fl) or both p53 and PTEN (p53fl/fl PTENfl/fl), with or without IL13RA2 in neonatal mice. De novo tumors developed in models with and without IL13RA2, showing no statistical difference in onset (n = 33, 38 days, p = 0.62). The p53fl/fl PTENfl/fl tumors displayed more aggressive characteristics (n = 12, 31 days). Tumors exhibited features typical of high-grade glioma, including infiltration, pseudopalisading necrosis, and microvascular proliferation. They also showed a high Ki-67 index, variable IL13RA2 expression, a high frequency of CD11b + macrophages, and a low proportion of CD3 + T cells. The model proved effective for evaluating IL13RA2-targeted immunotherapies, with a significant response to CAR T-cell treatment that extended survival (46 days vs. 28 days control; p < 0.0001) and achieved 25% long-term survival in mice. This model facilitates the preclinical assessment of IL13RA2-directed therapies and holds potential for clinical application.