bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping and Unwanted Pursuit Behaviours Following Breakups in Young Adulthood
Authors: Foshay Jeffrey E. , O'Sullivan Lucia F.
Published: January 2019

Unwanted pursuit behaviours (UPBs) comprise repeated and unwanted efforts to establish intimate contact in the form of harassing, tracking, and monitoring. These are common among young adults following the breakup of a romantic relationship, typically by the rejected partner. The relational goal pursuit theory (RGPT) proposes that UPB users overestimate the importance of a relationship to higher-order goals. This study assessed how well a new coping-based approach and the RGPT model predicted UPB frequency and scope. Two hundred participants (50% female; aged 19–24) completed an anonymous online survey. Ruminating was linked to both greater frequency and scope of UPB use. Higher levels of emotion-focused coping and perceived self-efficacy to re-establish intimacy were linked to the use of a wider scope of unwanted pursuit behaviours. Insights gained from UPB users are necessary for understanding mechanisms associated with the turbulent and distressing aftermath of a romantic breakup.
A law-and-community approach to compensation for takings of property under the European Convention on Human Rights
Authors: Xu Ting
Published: January 2019

Studies of takings of property highlight the increasing penetration of state power into private life. Controversies regularly surround compensation provisions. Many academic analyses and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights have supported the proposition that market value offers the best approximation of just compensation. However, full market value compensation may not be guaranteed if the taking of property fulfils certain legitimate objectives of the ‘public interest’. To unpack the complexity surrounding compensation provisions under the European Convention on Human Rights, this paper adopts and develops a ‘law-and-community’ approach – an important dimension, not previously investigated in the study of takings of property – which sees ‘community’ as networks of social relations, and views law as not only grounded in community but also existing to regulate communal networks. This paper then identifies the limits of both Art 1, Protocol 1 of the ECHR and the current approaches to compensation in the light of this law-and-community approach. In so doing, the paper makes a distinctive contribution by offering a new socio-legal interpretation of controversies surrounding compensation for takings of property beyond the private/public divide and by proposing an alternative framework of engaging law and regulation in wider social life.
The BivalveGlycymeris pilosaas an Archive of14C in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Peharda Melita , Sironić Andreja , Markulin Krešimir , Jozić Slaven , Borković Damir , Andersson Carin
Published: January 2019

This study combines radiocarbon (14C) analysis and sclerochronology research, an approach that to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been applied using bivalves from the Mediterranean Sea. We analyzed shells from the North Adriatic Sea: live- and dead-collected specimens of the infaunal bivalveGlycymeris pilosaand two dead-collected specimens ofGlycymerissp. According to crossdating results, growth increment time series obtained from acetate peels of the dead-collectedG. pilosa(S3FP11) indicate the potential for creating longer chronologies from live and dead-collected specimens. The greatest longevity was seen in the dead-collectedGlycymerissp. specimen S3F3, estimated to be ~130 years (started growing AD 1678–1742 and died AD 1826–1860), indicating the potential to extendGlycymerisgrowth increment chronologies to past centuries. The highest ∆14C values obtained corresponded to the calendar year 1974. The14C record obtained fromG. pilosacorrelates well with the modeled surface ocean (mixed-layer) bomb pulse curve (Reimer et al. 2009). Based on the results obtained from the shell growth increment assigned to AD 1950, the reservoir age and reservoir correction (ΔR) are 264±23 years and –6±32 years, respectively.
Syrian Refugees in Turkey and the Politics of Postconflict Reconciliation
Authors: Fabbe Kristin , Sınmazdemir Tolga
Published: January 2019

Finding suitable settlements to civil wars, then proceeding to reconcile and reintegrate civilian communities to realize such settlements and avoid future conflict, poses many seemingly insurmountable challenges. The Syrian conflict is a case in point. Not only has a settlement proved elusive, but little is known about how the millions of civilian refugees who have fled the war feel about postconflict reconciliation and the future of their country. We use an original survey of 1,384 Syrian refugees conducted in Turkey in 2016 to draw attention to how refugees view the politics of postconflict reconciliation and reconstruction. We find that refugees desire peace in Syria more than anything else, yet they also desire harsh punishments for the perpetrators of violence, especially against civilians, from all sides of the conflict, which is likely to complicate any process of reconciliation.
The Effect of Refugee Integration on Migrant Labor in Jordan
Authors: Hartnett Allison Spencer
Published: January 2019

Before the Syrian civil war, Egyptians were the single largest migrant labor community in Jordan. Labor market pressures and changes to the Jordanian work permit system have resulted in the increasing vulnerability of Egyptian labor, who have been the primary labor force on Jordanian farms and construction sites since the late 1970s. Using new data from the 2015 Jordanian census, the 2010 and 2016 Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey, and field interviews conducted in Jordan from 2014 to 2018, I show that higher concentrations of Syrians at the subdistrict level are associated with higher rates of informal labor market participation for Egyptians. Furthermore, higher proportions of Syrians do not correlate with negative impacts on the formality or household wealth of Jordanian citizens, suggesting that Syrian labor does not directly compete with the Jordanian labor force. Given the importance of supporting host communities during refugee crises, this analysis sheds light on how mass forced migration affects other vulnerable segments of the migrant labor force in the Global South.
Who Endorses Amnesty? An Original Survey from Morocco's Casablanca Region Assessing Citizen Support for Regularizing Clandestine Migrants
Authors: Buehler Matt , Han Kyung Joon
Published: January 2019

To deal with the growing migrant crisis in North Africa, several states have considered granting amnesty to foreign displaced persons (both economic migrants and potential refugees) who have entered their territories clandestinely. Morocco has taken the lead in this policy approach, launching two successful amnesty campaigns in 2014 and 2017 that regularized the status of approximately 40,000 displaced persons in total. While policymakers in many North African states increasingly see this policy as a viable solution, it is less understood how ordinary citizens view such regularization policies. Hence, this article inquires: under what conditions do ordinary native citizens support regularizing clandestine migrants and refugees? Further, what factors correlate with either higher or lower levels of public support for (or opposition to) regularization campaigns? Drawing on an original representative public opinion poll from Morocco's Casablanca-Settat region completed in 2017, this article finds that more than 59 percent of native citizens of Morocco support these regularization campaigns. Particularly, Moroccans who were wealthier, female, and ethnic minorities (black Moroccans) endorsed regularization more strongly. By contrast, Moroccans opposed regularization when they had concerns about whether displaced persons hurt the economy, undermine cultural traditions, and reduce stability.
Walking in the Periphery: Activist Art and Urban Resistance to Neoliberalism in Istanbul
Authors: Türeli Ipek , Al Meltem
Published: January 2019

In 2013, the Gezi Park protests created a wave of optimism in Istanbul – until it was brutally suppressed by the government. Although the ephemeral movement ended without having achieved its immediate goals, it continues to have ripple effects on the public culture of Istanbul. The ruling party, for example, has emulated the forms and formats of performance that emerged during the protests in order to mobilize its own support base. In a post-Gezi Istanbul, however, the occupation of public spaces in protest of the government has become nearly impossible, rendering alternative artistic and activist practices all the more important.
Influence of management type and stage of lactation on the performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy camels (Camelus dromedaries)
Authors: Ayadi Moez , Hammadi Mohamed , Casals Ramon , Atigui Moufida , Khorchani Touhami , Samara Emad M. , Abdoun Khalid A. , Al-Haidary Ahmed A. , Caja Gerardo
Published: January 2019

The current research paper addresses the hypothesis that management system (grazing vs. stabling) and/or stage of lactation (early- to late-lactation) can influence the lactation performance and milk fatty acid (MFA) profile in dromedary camels. The results obtained revealed that milk and protein yields of stabled camels were higher, while milk fat content was lower compared to grazing camels. In addition, stabled camels produced milk richer in short- and medium-chains fatty acids but lower in long-chain fatty acids and fatty acids linked with possible health benefits such as oleic acid, vaccenic acid (VA) and rumenic acid (RA), when compared to grazing camels. Moreover, atherogenicity index was higher, while overall Δ9-desaturase and health-promoting indices were lower in stabled camels. In a similar way, results demonstrated an increase in milk fat and protein contents as lactation advanced. In fact, camels at mid-lactation produced milk richer in short- and medium-chain fatty acids as well as total saturated fatty acids but poorer in oleic acid, VA, RA, long-chain fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids, when compared to milk samples collected at early stage of lactation. Moreover, compared to early- and late-lactations, atherogenicity index was higher while overall-Δ9-desaturase and health promoting indexes were lower at mid-lactation. In conclusion, the intensive stabling system and mid-lactation stage can alter lactation performance and MFA profile in dairy dromedary camels.
Effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in Partridge-Shank broilers
Authors: Ren Q. C. , Xuan J. J. , Yan X. C. , Hu Z. Z. , Wang F.
Published: January 2019

The current experiment aimed at assessing the effects of dietary supplementation of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and development of small intestine in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old female broiler chicks were distributed randomly to four groups of 90 birds each, and each group received GAA dosages of 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg of feed dry matter. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers hadad libitumaccess to water and feed and the feed intake was recorded daily. All broilers were weighed before and after the experiment, and 30 broilers of each group were selected randomly to slaughter at the end. Increasing dietary supplementation of GAA increased final live weight and daily body weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, thigh muscle pH value and fibre diameter of broilers, but decreased daily feed intake, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness of thigh meat. In addition, increasing supplementation of GAA quadratically increased duodenal, jejunal and ileal villus height and width and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, but decreased crypt depth. The results indicated that GAA as a feed additive may support better development of small intestine, thereby resulting in improvement of growth performance and meat quality of broilers.
Employee-Manager Alliances and Shareholder Returns from Acquisitions
Authors: Masulis Ronald W. , Wang Cong , Xie Fei
Published: January 2019

We examine the potential for management-worker alliances when employees have substantial voting rights, and how such alliances affect the balance of power between managers and shareholders. We find that substantial employee voting rights exacerbate the manager-shareholder conflicts. Specifically, they entrench incumbent managers and allow them to pursue value-destroying acquisitions by undercutting the disciplinary influence of the corporate control market. Importantly, employee support for managers is conditional on favorable treatment of employees. Our findings are consistent with Pagano and Volpin’s theory of worker-management alliances and highlight the potential risks associated with large employee voting power.
Approaches to improving micronutrient status assessment at the population level
Authors: Lamers Yvonne
Published: January 2019

Optimising micronutrient status globally is a major health priority. Nutritional biomarkers are critical for the identification of nutrient inadequacies in light of the limitations of dietary assessment methods. Early diagnosis and prevention of nutrient inadequacies require sensitive, validated and harmonised methods to determine and monitor micronutrient status in individual healthcare and population-based surveys. Important criteria in the identification, validation and implementation of nutritional biomarkers include the testing of biomarker specificity and sensitivity, and their response to dietary as well as physiologic changes, e.g. age or pregnancy. Nutritional status can be categorised into deficient, suboptimal, adequate and excess status, where appropriate, and provided cut-offs are available. Cut-offs are quantitative measures to reflect health outcomes and are important in validating nutritional surveys, interventions and monitoring of populations. For many biomarkers, available cut-offs have limited interpretability and are most commonly derived in adult populations only. For the comparison of studies from across the globe, the harmonisation of analytical methods is essential and can be realised with the use of internationally available reference material and interlaboratory comparison studies. This narrative review describes current efforts on identifying and validating existing and new biomarkers, the derivation of biomarker cut-offs, and international efforts on harmonisation of laboratory methods for biomarker quantitation and their interpretation, in the example of B-vitamins. Establishing sensitive, reliable and cost-efficient biomarkers and related cut-offs for use in populations across the globe are critical to facilitating the early diagnosis of micronutrient inadequacies on the clinical and community-based level for timely intervention and disease prevention.
Parsing components of auditory predictive coding in schizophrenia using a roving standard mismatch negativity paradigm
Authors: McCleery Amanda , Mathalon Daniel H. , Wynn Jonathan K. , Roach Brian J. , Hellemann Gerhard S. , Marder Stephen R. , Green Michael F.
Published: January 2019

Background

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential (ERP) component reflecting auditory predictive coding. Repeated standard tones evoke increasing positivity (‘repetition positivity’; RP), reflecting strengthening of the standard's memory trace and the prediction it will recur. Likewise, deviant tones preceded by more standard repetitions evoke greater negativity (‘deviant negativity’; DN), reflecting stronger prediction error signaling. These memory trace effects are also evident in MMN difference wave. Here, we assess group differences and test-retest reliability of these indices in schizophrenia patients (SZ) and healthy controls (HC).

Methods

Electroencephalography was recorded twice, 2 weeks apart, from 43 SZ and 30 HC, during a roving standard paradigm. We examined ERPs to the third, eighth, and 33rd standards (RP), immediately subsequent deviants (DN), and the corresponding MMN. Memory trace effects were assessed by comparing amplitudes associated with the three standard repetition trains.

Results

Compared with controls, SZ showed reduced MMNs and DNs, but normal RPs. Both groups showed memory trace effects for RP, MMN, and DN, with a trend for attenuated DNs in SZ. Intraclass correlations obtained via this paradigm indicated good-to-moderate reliabilities for overall MMN, DN and RP, but moderate to poor reliabilities for components associated with short, intermediate, and long standard trains, and poor reliability of their memory trace effects.

Conclusion

MMN deficits in SZ reflected attenuated prediction error signaling (DN), with relatively intact predictive code formation (RP) and memory trace effects. This roving standard MMN paradigm requires additional development/validation to obtain suitable levels of reliability for use in clinical trials.
Diophantine approximation on the parabola with non-monotonic approximation functions
Authors: HUANG JING–JING
Published: January 2019

We show that the parabola is of strong Khintchine type for convergence, which is the first result of its kind for curves. Moreover, Jarník type theorems are established in both the simultaneous and the dual settings, without monotonicity on the approximation function. To achieve the above, we prove a new counting result for the number of rational points with fixed denominators lying close to the parabola, which uses Burgess’s bound on short character sums.
Priority areas for thein situconservation of crop wild relatives in South Africa
Authors: Holness Stephen , Hamer Michelle , Magos Brehm Joana , Raimondo Domitilla
Published: January 2019

Crop wild relatives (CWR) are wild plant taxa that have broader genetic diversity than crops hence they are an excellent source of genes and traits to improve crops. The potential value of CWR for agriculture and the need to protect these plants in their natural habitats (in situ) have been recognized globally. South Africa has the richest temperate flora globally, and the checklist of food and fodder CWR for the country considers 258 taxa to be high priority for conservation. A systematic conservation planning approach was used for spatial prioritization forin situconservation actions for CWR. Protected areas were categorized on the basis of their CWR richness. The Kruger National Park has the highest number of CWR (66 taxa), but most of these are widespread and common. Fifty-seven protected areas, most of which are in the Western and Eastern Cape fynbos, are irreplaceable for protecting a number of endemic and threatened CWR. For priority CWR not adequately represented in existing protected areas, a spatial plan was developed to identify the smallest area that aligns with existing targets for the National Protected Areas Expansion Strategy, that are not transformed in terms of habitat, and that are projected to be climate change resilient. Mechanisms for ensuring uptake of the recommendations for thein situconservation of CWR have been documented in a National Strategy and Action Plan and these include making information and data available and promoting the inclusion of CWR in current management and monitoring activities.
A crop wild relative inventory for Southern Africa: a first step in linking conservation and use of valuable wild populations for enhancing food security
Authors: Allen E. , Gaisberger H. , Magos Brehm J. , Maxted N. , Thormann I. , Lupupa T. , Dulloo M.E. , Kell S.P.
Published: January 2019

Successful conservation strategies require that taxa are prioritized because resources for planning and implementation are always limited. In this study, we created a partial checklist of crop wild relatives (CWR) that occur in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and identified the taxa of highest priority for regional conservation planning based on their importance for food and economic security. We found that the region contains over 1900 wild relatives of species cultivated for food, beverages, ornamental, forage/fodder, forestry, medicinal, environmental and other uses. Prioritization of these species was based on two criteria: (i) the value of the related crop for human food and economic security in the region and/or globally, and (ii) the potential or known value of the wild relatives of those crops for crop improvement. The region contains 745 CWR species related to 64 human food and beverage crops that are of high socioeconomic importance and 100 of these are of immediate priority for conservation action. The results of this study show that the SADC region contains a wealth of CWR diversity that is not only of value for food and economic security within the region but also globally. Furthermore, this study represents the first step in developing a CWR conservation and sustainable use strategy for the region, where its implementation would contribute to food security and well-being.
Development and Validity of the Personal Suicide Stigma Questionnaire (PSSQ)
Authors: Rimkeviciene Jurgita , O'Gorman John , Hawgood Jacinta , De Leo Diego
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Background: The detrimental consequences of stigma have been recognized in extensive research on mental illness stigma, but experiences of suicide-related stigmatization have not received sufficient research attention. The lack of a simple self-report assessment of personal suicide-related stigma led to the work reported here. Aim: To develop and assess the validity of the Personal Suicide Stigma Questionnaire (PSSQ). Method: The item pool for PSSQ was based on qualitative data and was tested in a community sample of 224 adults (mean age = 32.68 years, 83% female, 92.9% Caucasian) who reported lifetime suicidality. Factor analysis was used for item selection. The Self-Stigma of Mental Illness Scale – Short form (SSMIS-SF) and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised (SBQ-R) were used to assess validity of the scale. Results: Following analysis, 16 items, forming three highly interrelated factors (Rejection, Minimization, and Self-blame), were selected for the PSSQ. The PSSQ scores showed predicted relationships with mental illness stigma and suicidality, suggesting its validity. Limitations: The validity of the scale still requires further research in clinical populations. Conclusion: The newly developed PSSQ can be used to assess the levels of suicide-related stigma experiences of suicidal individuals.
Evolution of the Subauroral Polarization Stream Oscillations During the Severe Geomagnetic Storm on 20 November 2003
Authors: He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Wang Wenbin , Pu Zu‐Yin , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Yao Zhonghua , Wei Yong , Ren Zhi‐Peng , Yue Xinan , Liu Libo , Wan Weixing
Published: January 2019

We report multisatellite observations of the oscillations in the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) during a severe magnetic storm on 20 November 2003. The SAPS oscillations (SAPSOs) occurred during the main phase of the magnetic storm when the y component of the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BY) turned from positive to negative. The SAPSOs were first observed in the premidnight sector and propagated toward the dusk sector. The formation and evolution of SAPSO corresponded well with the plasma sheet ions injection and precipitation, indicating that the SAPSOs are possibly generated by the interaction between the hot plasma sheet and the cold plasmasphere under particular conditions (e.g., change of the polarity of IMF BY accompanied with a sudden enhancement of plasma sheet ion density). The hemispheric asymmetry of the SAPS channels is suggested to be related to the hemispheric differences in the ionospheric plasma condition and the ionospheric convection.
Identification of Auroral Zone Activity Driving Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances
Authors: Lyons L. R. , Nishimura Y. , Zhang S.‐R. , Coster A. J. , Bhatt A. , Kendall E. , Deng Y.
Published: January 2019

We have used all‐sky imaging to relate different types of auroral oval disturbances to large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs). We selected eight nights with good all‐sky imaging and Global Positioning System total electron content coverage, including five non–storm time periods with isolated initiations of geomagnetic activity and three storm main phase periods with continuous activity. Periods with LSTIDs generally started and stopped with initiation and cessation of activity. We found evidence that individual LSTIDs often show 1‐1 correspondence with identifiable auroral disturbances, disturbances either being related to a substorm onset or to auroral streamers without a substorm. Since substorm ground magnetic depressions are directly related to the electric fields and electron precipitation of auroral streamers, we hypothesize that streamers may be the primary drivers of individual nightside LSTIDs with or without a substorm. Additionally, we found evidence that (1) LSTIDs detection is more likely near the longitude range of the initiating disturbance than further away, (2) the orientation of LSTID phase fronts depends on location relative to disturbance longitude, and (3) disturbance ionospheric current and magnetic latitude may influence whether a given disturbance leads to a detectable LSTID. Numerous LSTIDs (10 to 12 over 7‐ to 8‐hr periods) were detected during southward interplanetary magnetic field periods of coronal mass ejection storm main phases, the vast majority reflecting streamers in the absence of substorms. Less LSTIDs were seen during the one examined high‐speed‐stream storm. We have also found evidence that omega band disturbances may drive interesting TIDs that are distinct from the LSTIDs driven by the substorm and streamer disturbances.
Comparison of Global Downscaled Versus Bottom‐Up Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions at the Urban Scale in Four U.S. Urban Areas
Authors: Gurney Kevin R. , Liang J. , O'Keeffe D. , Patarasuk R. , Hutchins M. , Huang J. , Rao P. , Song Y.
Published: January 2019

Spatiotemporally resolved urban fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions are critical to urban carbon cycle research and urban climate policy. Two general scientific approaches have been taken to estimate spatiotemporally explicit urban FFCO2 fluxes, referred to here as “downscaling” and “bottom‐up.” Bottom‐up approaches can specifically characterize the CO2‐emitting infrastructure in cities but are labor‐intensive to build and currently available in few U.S. cities. Downscaling approaches, often available globally, require proxy information to allocate or distribute emissions resulting in additional uncertainty. We present a comparison of a downscaled FFCO2 emission data product (Open‐source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC)) to a bottom‐up estimate (Hestia) in four U.S. urban areas in an effort to better isolate and understand differences between the approaches. We find whole‐city differences ranging from −1.5% (Los Angeles Basin) to +20.8% (Salt Lake City). At the 1 km × 1 km spatial scale, comparisons reveal a low‐emission limit in ODIAC driven by saturation of the nighttime light spatial proxy. At this resolution, the median difference between the two approaches ranged from 47 to 84% depending upon city with correlations ranging from 0.34 to 0.68. The largest discrepancies were found for large point sources and the on‐road sector, suggesting that downscaled FFCO2 data products could be improved by incorporating independent large point‐source estimates and estimating on‐road sources with a relevant spatial surrogate. Progressively coarsening the spatial resolution improves agreement but greater than approximately 25 km2, there were diminishing returns to agreement suggesting a practical resolution when using downscaled approaches.
GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment: Validation of AIRS Tropospheric Humidity Profiles With Characterized Radiosonde Soundings
Authors: Trent Tim , Schröder Marc , Remedios John
Published: January 2019

The tropospheric water vapor profile record from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) now spans over a decade, making it a valuable resource for climate studies. To be considered as a Climate Data Record, it is key that the ultimate performance of these observations are understood. The Global Energy and Water cycle Exchanges (GEWEX) water vapor assessment has been tasked with characterizing the current state of the art in water vapor products currently available for climate analysis. Within the scope of this exercise, water vapor profiles from AIRS have been assessed using collocated characterized in situ measurements of tropospheric water vapor between 2007 and 2012. We first show how previously published methods for correcting radiosondes can be applied to global records, which show high correlations to Global Climate Observing System Reference Upper‐Air Network (GRUAN) performance at pressures between the surface and 250 hPa. We go further and show the first comparison of uncertainties from both the newly created Characterized Radiosonde Measurement (CRM) and GRUAN data sets. Global estimates of AIRS water vapor profile (wet/dry) biases relative to GRUAN and CRM are within 6 ± 0.3% ppmv and 15 ± 0.1% ppmv below 300 hPa, respectively. The CRM record allows latitudinal analysis for the first time, which when examined shows sensitivity to changes in absolute concentration due to large‐scale circulation in the International Tropical Convergence Zone. This paper advances the use of state‐of‐the‐art in situ records for characterizing absolute performance, recognizing that long‐term stability needs further research.
Northwestward Migration of the Northern Edge of the East Asian Summer Monsoon During the Mid‐Pliocene Warm Period: Simulations and Reconstructions
Authors: Huang Xiaofang , Jiang Dabang , Dong Xinxin , Yang Shiling , Su Baohuang , Li Xiangyu , Tang Zihua , Wang Yongda
Published: January 2019

The mid‐Pliocene (~3.3–3.0 Ma) was the most recent warm interval during which atmospheric CO2concentrations were similar to the present level of ~400 ppmv. Therefore, it is often regarded as an analog for a near‐future climate scenario. To examine the behavior of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the mid‐Pliocene warm period, the northern edge of the EASM, a sensitive indicator of the advance and retreat of the summer monsoon rainbelt, was analyzed using the output of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1. The results show a ~150‐km‐northwestward migration of the northern edge of the EASM during the mid‐Pliocene compared to the preindustrial period, which is consistent with that derived from a comparison of geological records and modern observations. However, the geological records indicate a greater east‐west climatic contrast during the Pliocene than at present, which requires investigation in future modeling studies. The simulations also show a substantial increase in the large‐scale land‐sea thermal contrast between the East Asian mainland and the equatorial western Pacific during the interval of mid‐Pliocene warmth. This led to the intensification and westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high, causing a northwestward shift of the EASM and the resulting mitigation of drought in northern China. We suggest that global warming will shift the EASM northwestward mainly via changes in the position and intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high; this requires systematic studies in the future based on meteorological observations and simulations.
Effect of the Eyewall Cold Pool on the Inner Rainband of a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Cai Qichao , Tang Xiaodong
Published: January 2019

The low‐level cold pool just under a tropical cyclone eyewall and its effect on the formation of inner rainbands are studied, through idealized convection‐permitting simulations. Analysis of the potential temperature budget indicates that the formation of the eyewall cold pool (ECP) results from the evaporation of eyewall rainfall. The ECP is a barrier to boundary layer inflow, which results in clear convergence and vertical updraft at its outer edge. A budget analysis of the vertical motion tendency also indicates that the sum of the buoyancy and vertical pressure gradient terms makes a large contribution to the vertical updraft at the outer edge of the ECP. This then promotes the formation of convection cells and an inner rainband. Two sensitivity experiments further verify that the intensity of the ECP‐triggered inner rainbands is positively correlated with the magnitude of the radial gradient of potential temperature at the outer edge of the ECP.
Strong Influence of Irrigation on Water Budget and Land Surface Temperature in Indian Subcontinental River Basins
Authors: Shah Harsh L. , Zhou Tian , Huang Maoyi , Mishra Vimal
Published: January 2019

Irrigation modulates the terrestrial water budget in intensively irrigated regions. However, the influence of irrigation on water budget and land surface temperature (LST) has not been quantified in Indian subcontinental river basins. Here, using the in situ and satellite‐based observations and the Variable Infiltration Capacity model with irrigation scheme, we show that the presence of irrigation substantially alters water budget (especially evapotranspiration, ET) and LST in the subcontinental river basins. While irrigation results in increased ET in all the 18 subcontinental basins, mean annual ET of Indus and Ganges basins increases by 47% and 12%, respectively, due to irrigation. Total runoff has increased in the most basins due to irrigation. Irrigation has a remarkable influence on LST with cooling of 0.2–0.65 °C. Compared to other basins, irrigation water demand is high in Indus and Ganges basins during the postmonsoon season (October–January). Our results show that between 1951 and 2012, irrigation demand has decreased in 13 out of the 18 basins during the premonsoon season (February–May). However, irrigation water demand increased in 12 out of the 18 basins in the postmonsoon season. Changes in irrigation demands are largely driven by changes in soil moisture due to weakening/strengthening of the summer monsoon precipitation. Our findings have implications for water budget estimation over intensively irrigated basins where ET might be substantially underestimated in the previous studies that do not consider the role of irrigation.
Characteristics of Sea‐Effect Clouds and Precipitation Over the Sea of Japan Region as Observed by A‐Train Satellites
Authors: West Tyler K. , Steenburgh W. James , Mace Gerald G.
Published: January 2019

Prolific winter (December‐January‐February) snowfall occurs over northwest Japan due to frequent sea‐effect precipitation that develops during cold‐air outbreaks over the Sea of Japan (SOJ). Knowledge of sea‐effect clouds and precipitation across the SOJ region has historically been constrained, however, by limited offshore in situ observations and remote‐sensing limitations. This paper uses sensors from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s A‐Train Satellite Constellation to examine winter sea‐effect properties in the SOJ region. The analysis shows that cloud and precipitation occurrence generally increases across the SOJ from Asia to Japan, as potential sea‐effect periods with an along‐orbit mean sea surface to 850‐hPa temperature difference ≥13 °C comprise a majority of the total clouds and precipitation. Sea‐effect clouds and precipitation occur most frequently in an arc‐shaped area that extends from the western SOJ, where the Japan‐Sea Polar‐Airmass Convergence Zone (JPCZ) is common, to the coast of Honshu, and then northward to Hokkaido. Radar, lidar, and column water path statistics along A‐Train orbital tracks show that sea‐effect precipitation is deepest along the central Honshu coast and becomes shallower but more frequent with northward extent. Precipitation amount and frequency maximize along the coast and adjacent mountains but decline with inland extent, most abruptly downstream of higher mountain barriers. This work illustrates that air‐sea interactions, coastal geometry, and regional topography strongly modulate cloud and precipitation patterns during sea‐effect periods in the SOJ region.
Stress Testing for Climate Impacts with “Synthetic Storms”
Authors: Benestad Rasmus , Parding Kajsa , Mezghani Abdelkader , Dobler Andreas , Landgren Oskar , Erlandsen Helene , Lutz Julia , Haugen Jan
Published: January 2019

How well would your city weather a hurricane? Digitally “moving” past storms to new locations simulates the effects of extreme weather events on local infrastructure.
Activation of c-Met in cancer cells mediates growth-promoting signals against oxidative stress through Nrf2-HO-1
Authors: Chakraborty Samik , Balan Murugabaskar , Flynn Evelyn , Zurakowski David , Choueiri Toni K. , Pal Soumitro
Published: January 2019

Any imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the anti-oxidant capacity lead to cellular oxidative stress. Many chemotherapeutic agents mediate their cytotoxic functions through the generation of ROS. c-Met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is over-expressed in renal cancer and plays very crucial role(s) in its growth and survival. Here, we show that c-Met activation protected renal cancer cells from ROS, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by the anti-cancer agent sorafenib (used for renal cancer treatment); and it markedly attenuated sorafenib-induced DNA damage. Activated c-Met promoted the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and inhibited apoptotic cleaved caspase-3. We found that the cytoprotective function of c-Met against sorafenib-induced ROS generation and apoptosis was mediated primarily through the activation of anti-oxidant Nrf2-HO-1. c-Met promoted the nuclear localization of Nrf2 and hindered its binding with the inhibitory protein Keap1. Silencing of Nrf2 attenuated the protective action of c-Met against sorafenib-induced oxidative stress. To evaluate the physiological significance of our findings, in a tumor xenograft model, we observed that a combination treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of c-Met and it’s anti-oxidant downstream effecter HO-1 markedly reduced the growth of renal tumor in vivo; it increased the oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptotic markers in the tumor xenografts, along with reduced tumor vessel density. Our observations indicate that the c-Met-Nrf2-HO-1 pathway plays a vital role in relieving ROS-mediated oxidative stress of renal tumors. Targeting this pathway can significantly increase the oxidative stress to promote apoptotic death of cancer cells.
Dual RNA-seq reveals large-scale non-conserved genotype × genotype-specific genetic reprograming and molecular crosstalk in the mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Mateus Ivan D , Masclaux Frédéric G , Aletti Consolée , Rojas Edward C , Savary Romain , Dupuis Cindy , Sanders Ian R
Published: January 2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) impact plant growth and are a major driver of plant diversity and productivity. We quantified the contribution of intra-specific genetic variability in cassava (Manihot esculenta) and Rhizophagus irregularis to gene reprogramming in symbioses using dual RNA-sequencing. A large number of cassava genes exhibited altered transcriptional responses to the fungus but transcription of most of these plant genes (72%) responded in a different direction or magnitude depending on the plant genotype. Two AMF isolates displayed large differences in their transcription, but the direction and magnitude of the transcriptional responses for a large number of these genes was also strongly influenced by the genotype of the plant host. This indicates that unlike the highly conserved plant genes necessary for the symbiosis establishment, most of the plant and fungal gene transcriptional responses are not conserved and are greatly influenced by plant and fungal genetic differences, even at the within-species level. The transcriptional variability detected allowed us to identify an extensive gene network showing the interplay in plant–fungal reprogramming in the symbiosis. Key genes illustrated that the two organisms jointly program their cytoskeleton organization during growth of the fungus inside roots. Our study reveals that plant and fungal genetic variation has a strong role in shaping the genetic reprograming in response to symbiosis, indicating considerable genotype × genotype interactions in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Such variation needs to be considered in order to understand the molecular mechanisms between AMF and their plant hosts in natural communities.
Author Correction: Candida albicans gains azole resistance by altering sphingolipid composition
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Wang Haitao , Li Zeyao , Wong Ada Hang-Heng , Wang Yi-Zheng , Guo Yahui , Lin Xin , Zeng Guisheng , Wang Yue , Wang Jianbin
Published: January 2019

In the original version of this Article, Haoping Liu, who conceptualized, designed and supervised the project and acquired funding, was inadvertently omitted from the author list. Furthermore, the affiliation of Jiaxin Gao and Haoping Liu with ‘Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA’ was omitted. Finally, funding from NIH grant GM117111, and contributions from Dr. Li-lin Du of NIBS for providing pPB[ura4] and pDUAL-PBase and Allan Bradley of Sanger for hyPBase, were not acknowledged. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A global dataset of CO2 emissions and ancillary data related to emissions for 343 cities
Authors: Nangini Cathy , Peregon Anna , Ciais Philippe , Weddige Ulf , Vogel Felix , Wang Jun , Bréon François-Marie , Bachra Simeran , Wang Yilong , Gurney Kevin , Yamagata Yoshiki , Appleby Kyra , Telahoun Sara , Canadell Josep G. , Grübler Arnulf , Dhakal Shobhakar , Creutzig Felix
Published: January 2019

We present a global dataset of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for 343 cities. The dataset builds upon data from CDP (187 cities, few in developing countries), the Bonn Center for Local Climate Action and Reporting (73 cities, mainly in developing countries), and data collected by Peking University (83 cities in China). The CDP data being self-reported by cities, we applied quality control procedures, documented the type of emissions and reporting method used, and made a correction to separate CO2 emissions from those of other greenhouse gases. Further, a set of ancillary data that have a direct or potentially indirect impact on CO2 emissions were collected from other datasets (e.g. socio-economic and traffic indices) or calculated (climate indices, urban area expansion), then combined with the emission data. We applied several quality controls and validation comparisons with independent datasets. The dataset presented here is not intended to be comprehensive or a representative sample of cities in general, as the choice of cities is based on self-reporting not a designed sampling procedure.
First-time oral administration of resveratrol-loaded layer-by-layer nanoparticles to rats – a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Santos Ana Cláudia , Veiga Francisco J. , Sequeira Joana A. D. , Fortuna Ana , Falcão Amílcar , Pereira Irina , Pattekari Pravin , Fontes-Ribeiro Carlos , Ribeiro António J.
Published: January 2019

trans-Resveratrol (RSV) is a plant-derived polyphenol endowed with a broad spectrum of promising therapeutic activities.
A water stable layered Tb(iii) polycarboxylate with high proton conductivity over 10−2 S cm−1 in a wide temperature range
Authors: Feng Lu , Wang Hui-Sheng , Xu Hai-Long , Huang Wen-Tao , Zeng Tian-Yu , Cheng Qing-Rong , Pan Zhi-Quan , Zhou Hong
Published: January 2019

An unprecedented Tb(iii) polycarboxylate, {[Tb4(TTHA)2(H2O)4]·7H2O}n (1), has been synthesized.
Fluorimetric sensing of ATP in water by an imidazolium hydrazone based sensor
Authors: Farshbaf Sepideh , Anzenbacher Pavel
Published: January 2019

Bisantrene, a simple anthracene derivative carrying two imidazolium hydrazone moieties, has been used as a highly selective sensor of ATP in water.
Assembling [M(P4Mo6)2] (M = Na, Mn, Na/Cu) dimeric clusters via transition metal/sodium ions into 0D to 3D phosphomolybdates
Authors: Li Wei , Zhu Jian-Nan , Shen Nan-Nan , Xiong Wei-Wei , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: January 2019

Six novel molybdenum(v) phosphates with structures ranging from a zero-dimensional cluster to three-dimensional frameworks have been solvothermally synthesized.
Prediction of self-assembly of adenosine analogues in solution: a computational approach validated by isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Redivo Luca , Anastasiadi Rozalia-Maria , Pividori Marco , Berti Federico , Peressi Maria , Di Tommaso Devis , Resmini Marina
Published: January 2019

The recent discovery of the role of adenosine-analogues as neuroprotectants and cognitive enhancers has sparked interest in these molecules as new therapeutic drugs.
Insights into the influence of the pore size and surface area of activated carbons on the energy storage of electric double layer capacitors with a new potentially universally applicable capacitor model
Authors: Heimböckel Ruben , Hoffmann Frank , Fröba Michael
Published: January 2019

A new capacitor model that confirms the non-constant capacitive contribution of different pore sizes and provides the possibility of simulating the capacitance values of porous carbons.
Inhomogeneous membrane receptor diffusion explained by a fractional heteroscedastic time series model
Authors: Balcerek Michał , Loch-Olszewska Hanna , Torreno-Pina Juan A. , Garcia-Parajo Maria F. , Weron Aleksander , Manzo Carlo , Burnecki Krzysztof
Published: January 2019

A fractional heteroscedastic time series model explains inhomogeneous membrane receptor diffusion and interprets ergodicity when the diffusion parameter fluctuates in time.
Computational study of the carbonyl–ene reaction between formaldehyde and propylene encapsulated in coordinatively unsaturated metal–organic frameworks M3(btc)2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn)
Authors: Maihom Thana , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: January 2019

The formaldehyde encapsulation and the carbonyl–ene reaction over the metal–organic frameworks M3(btc)2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) is investigated by means of DFT calculations.
Half-metal state of a Ti2C monolayer by asymmetric surface decoration
Authors: Zheng Jiming , He Ruijiao , Wan Yun , Zhao Puju , Guo Ping , Jiang Zhenyi
Published: January 2019

Searching for two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials is one of the key steps in 2D spintronics.
Identification of the structure of the Bi promoted Pt non-oxidative coupling of methane catalyst: a nanoscale Pt3Bi intermetallic alloy
Authors: Zhu Chen Johnny , Wu Zhenwei , Zhang Xiaoben , Choi Slgi , Xiao Yang , Varma Arvind , Liu Wei , Zhang Guanghui , Miller Jeffrey T.
Published: January 2019

Identification of a Pt3Bi nanoscale, surface intermetallic alloy catalyst for non-oxidative coupling of methane (NOCM).
Guanylation/cyclisation of amino acid esters using an imidazolin-2-iminato titanium initiator
Authors: Das Suman , Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Panda Tarun K.
Published: January 2019

Catalytic hydroamination of amino acid esters with carbodiimides and isocyanates to furnish corresponding quinazolinone and urea derivatives using two TiIV complexes under mild conditions is reported.
Ultrahigh energy storage density lead-free multilayers by controlled electrical homogeneity
Authors: Wang Ge , Li Jinglei , Zhang Xun , Fan Zhongming , Yang Fan , Feteira Antonio , Zhou Di , Sinclair Derek C. , Ma Tao , Tan Xiaoli , Wang Dawei , Reaney Ian M.
Published: January 2019

Introducing controlled electrical homogeneity can be an effective way to obtain ultrahigh energy storage density in lead-free multilayers.
Highly-efficient and magnetically-separable ZnO/Co@N-CNTs catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its derived species under mild conditions
Authors: Ranaware Virendra , Verma Deepak , Insyani Rizki , Riaz Asim , Kim Seung Min , Kim Jaehoon
Published: January 2019

An efficient bimetallic ZnO/Co@N-CNT catalyst was designed for selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its derived components in water.