bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAR-based change detection using hypothesis testing and Markov random field modelling
Authors: Cao W. , Martinis S.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The objective of this study is to automatically detect changed areas caused by natural disasters from bi-temporal co-registered and calibrated TerraSAR-X data. The technique in this paper consists of two steps: Firstly, an automatic coarse detection step is applied based on a statistical hypothesis test for initializing the classification. The original analytical formula as proposed in the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) edge detector is reviewed and rewritten in a compact form of the incomplete beta function, which is a builtin routine in commercial scientific software such as MATLAB and IDL. Secondly, a post-classification step is introduced to optimize the noisy classification result in the previous step. Generally, an optimization problem can be formulated as a Markov random field (MRF) on which the quality of a classification is measured by an energy function. The optimal classification based on the MRF is related to the lowest energy value. Previous studies provide methods for the optimization problem using MRFs, such as the iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm. Recently, a novel algorithm was presented based on graph-cut theory. This method transforms a MRF to an equivalent graph and solves the optimization problem by a max-flow/min-cut algorithm on the graph. In this study this graph-cut algorithm is applied iteratively to improve the coarse classification. At each iteration the parameters of the energy function for the current classification are set by the logarithmic probability density function (PDF). The relevant parameters are estimated by the method of logarithmic cumulants (MoLC). Experiments are performed using two flood events in Germany and Australia in 2011 and a forest fire on La Palma in 2009 using pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X data. The results show convincing coarse classifications and considerable improvement by the graph-cut post-classification step.
The CEOS Recovery Observatory Pilot
Authors: Hosford S. , Proy C. , Giros A. , Eddy A. , Petiteville I. , Ishida C. , Gaetani F. , Frye S. , Zoffoli S. , Danzeglocke J.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Over the course of the last decade, large populations living in vulnerable areas have led to record damages and substantial loss of life in mega-disasters ranging from the deadly Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and Haiti earthquake of 2010; the catastrophic flood damages of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Tohoku tsunami of 2011, and the astonishing extent of the environmental impact of the Deepwater Horizon explosion in 2009. These major catastrophes have widespread and long-lasting impacts with subsequent recovery and reconstruction costing billions of euros and lasting years. While satellite imagery is used on an ad hoc basis after many disasters to support damage assessment, there is currently no standard practice or system to coordinate acquisition of data and facilitate access for early recovery planning and recovery tracking and monitoring. CEOS led the creation of a Recovery Observatory Oversight Team, which brings together major recovery stakeholders such as the UNDP and the World Bank/Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, value-adding providers and leading space agencies. The principal aims of the Observatory are to: 1. Demonstrate the utility of a wide range of earth observation data to facilitate the recovery and reconstruction phase following a major catastrophic event; 2. Provide a concrete case to focus efforts in identifying and resolving technical and organizational obstacles to facilitating the visibility and access to a relevant set of EO data; and 3. Develop dialogue and establish institutional relationships with the Recovery phase user community to best target data and information requirements; The paper presented here will describe the work conducted in preparing for the triggering of a Recovery Observatory including support to rapid assessments and Post Disaster Needs Assessments by the EO community.
Tsunami Affected Farmland Extraction Using Morphological Profiles (MPs) Method by Satellite Images Including SAR and Visible Near-Infrared Band Data
Authors: Yamada Y.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The agricultural fields along the coast were submerged under the sea water after the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Japan Tsunami. The conventional method of detecting Tsunami reached area by SAR satellite data is to compare the data obtained between previous to and after the Tsunami. However such kind of SAR data should be prepared prior to the natural disaster, but in many disaster cases, people have often encountered difficulties in finding such kind of data observed in advance in some regions. Therefore it is desirable to find a way to detect the flood suffering farmlands caused by a Tsunami, using only data observed after the disaster event. The morphological profiles (MPs) method are tested using ALOS/PALSAR and AVNIR-2 data. This MPs method is proposed as the tool for extracting information about the size, shape and the orientation of structures in single-band remote sensing images and has been improved to establish the extended morphological profiles(EMP) dealing with full-spectral information in the multi-/hyper-spectral data (Benediktsson, J.A. et al.,2003,2005). The author’s work is intended to apply this MPs method to combined single polarization SAR data and visual and near-infrared bands data. The results approximately coincide with the farmland regions actually reached by the Tsunami. This MPs method requires only data once obtained soon after a disaster, light computer resources and very short turnaround time. It should be suitable for the detection of Tsunami reached areas or tidal wave reached areas, caused by a Typhoon for example, using satellite data only once obtained after a disaster.
AN EQUITABLE APPROACH FOR COMPENSATING MUNICIPALITIES OF THE RIO GRANDE WATERSHED FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATED BY THE FURNAS HYDROPOWER PLANT, BRAZIL
Authors: Ribeiro C. A. A. S. , Mounts D. J. , Menezes S. Jr. C. , Rocha R. R. C. , Chaves M. A. , Castro N. L. M. , Barros K. O. , Martins B. F. , Gleriani J. M. , Soares V. P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. In Brazil, ninety percent of total electric power comes from renewable sources, where hydropower represents 2/3 of the national energy matrix. In 2012, the new Federal Forest Code eliminated environmental protection along drainage divides and reduced the mandatory width of riparian zones, allowing for land cover change in these environmentally sensitive areas. The conversion of forestlands to agriculture will subject hydroelectric reservoirs to a growing load of sediments, shortening their useful life. In this study of the Furnas hydropower plant and its contributing basin, in the upper reaches of the Rio Grande, a re-evaluation of factors that determine the distribution of finances accrued from hydroelectric generation is recommended. Under the current policy, royalties are paid by the Furnas facility to states and municipalities in direct relation to the area of land flooded by its reservoir, whereas contributing rainfall precipitating in municipalities upstream of the lake is not considered. Currently, the 31 municipalities with lands flooded by the reservoir receive an average of R$ 213,107 (US$ 67,226) annually, while the remaining 172 municipalities in the basin receive no water royalties. In the proposed approach to redistribute these funds, each of the 203 municipalities will receive compensation determined by their contributing catchment area, averaging R$32,543 (US$ 10,266) per year. By considering distribution of rainfall in order to equitably allocate hydroelectric royalties, a system for the payment of environmental services is conceived. Such a system intends to incent stakeholders to protect or replant native forests along drainage divides and riparian zones, in recognition of the value this vegetation has in the reduction of long term costs for hydroelectric facilities.
Early validation of PROBA-V GEOV1 LAI, FAPAR and FCOVER products for the continuity of the Copernicus Global Land Service
Authors: Sánchez J. , Camacho F. , Lacaze R. , Smets B.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. This study investigates the scientific quality of the GEOV1 Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) and Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FCover) products based on PROBA-V observations. The procedure follows, as much as possible, the guidelines, protocols and metrics defined by the Land Product Validation (LPV) group of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellite (CEOS) for the validation of satellite-derived land products. This study is focused on the consistency of SPOT/VGT and PROBA-V GEOV1 products developed in the framework of the Copernicus Global Land Services, providing an early validation of PROBA-V GEOV1 products using data from November 2013 to May 2014, during the overlap period (November 2013-May 2014). The first natural year of PROBA-V GEOV1 products (2014) was considered for the rest of the quality assessment including comparisons with MODIS C5. Several criteria of performance were evaluated including product completeness, spatial consistency, temporal consistency, intra-annual precision and accuracy. Firstly, and inter-comparison with both spatial and temporal consistency were evaluated with reference satellite products (SPOT/VGT GEOV1 and MODIS C5) are presented over a network of sites (BELMANIP2.1). Secondly, the accuracy of PROBA-V GEOV1 products was evaluated against a number of concomitant agricultural sites is presented. The ground data was collected and up-scaled using high resolution imagery in the context of the FP7 ImagineS project in support of the evolution of Copernicus Land Service. Our results demonstrate that GEOV1 PROBA-V products were found spatially and temporally consistent with similar products (SPOT/VGT, MODISC5), and good agreement with limited ground truth data with an accuracy (RMSE) of 0.52 for LAI, 0.11 for FAPAR and 0.14 for FCover, showing a slight bias for FCover for higher values.
GENERATING A LONG-TERM SERIES OF SST AND CHLOROPHYLL-A FOR THE COAST OF IRELAND
Authors: Casal G. , Furey T. , Dabrowski T. , Nolan G.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The use of remote sensing has increased greatly in recent years due to technological advances and its advantages in comparison with traditional methods. In the case of Ireland however the use of these techniques is not well established and only 17% of remote sensing studies are related to marine and coastal environments. As a first step, and taking into account that fisheries and aquaculture plays an important economic and social role in Ireland, a database of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) relating to the ICES fisheries management areas is being generated. Up to now three different products have been produced. These products correspond to the annual SST Climatology and annual SST Anomalies from 1982 to 2014, as well as the annual Chl-a Climatology taking into account the different life span of CZCS (1982–1986), SeaWIFS (1997–2010), MERIS (2002–2012) and MODIS-Aqua (2002–2014). Initially, the Chl-a Climatology was produced for each sensor individually while the creation of a continuous Chl-a series will be investigated in the future. Analysing the SST trends highlighted an increasing trend in SST values in Irish waters, a trend which was more pronounced in the northern areas (+0.54 °C in the last 10 years). Although there are differences between sensors, Chl-a concentration seems to present higher values in the Celtic Sea since 2009. Analysing the ICES Divisions individually highlighted that coastal areas presented the highest Chl-a concentrations, involving a clear differentiation in the optical properties of coastal and oceanic waters.
SATELLITE-BASED RADAR MEASUREMENTS FOR VALIDATION OF HIGHRESOLUTION SEA STATE FORECAST MODELS IN THE GERMAN BIGHT
Authors: Pleskachevsky A. , Gebhardt C. , Rosenthal W. , Lehner S. , Hoffmann P. , Kieser J. , Bruns T. , Lindenthal A. , Jansen F. , Behrens A.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Remote sensing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X and Tandem-X (TS-X and TD-X) satellites have been used for validation and verification of newly developed coastal forecast models in the German Bight of the North Sea. The empirical XWAVE algorithm for estimation of significant wave height has been adopted for coastal application and implemented for NRT services. All available TS-X images in the German Bight collocated with buoy measurements (6 buoys) since 2013 were processed and analysed (total of 46 scenes/passages with 184 StripMap images). Sea state estimated from series of TS-X images cover strips with length of ~200km and width of 30km over the German Bight from East-Frisian Islands to the Danish coast. The comparisons with results of wave prediction model show a number of local variations due to variety in bathymetry and wind fronts
Review: visual analytics of climate networks
Authors: Nocke T. , Buschmann S. , Donges J. F. , Marwan N. , Schulz H.-J. , Tominski C.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Network analysis has become an important approach in studying complex spatiotemporal behaviour within geophysical observation and simulation data. This new field produces increasing amounts of large geo-referenced networks to be analysed. Particular focus lies currently on the network analysis of the complex statistical interrelationship structure within climatological fields. The standard procedure for such network analyses is the extraction of network measures in combination with static standard visualisation methods. Existing interactive visualisation methods and tools for geo-referenced network exploration are often either not known to the analyst or their potential is not fully exploited. To fill this gap, we illustrate how interactive visual analytics methods in combination with geovisualisation can be tailored for visual climate network investigation. Therefore, the paper provides a problem analysis, relating the multiple visualisation challenges with a survey undertaken with network analysts from the research fields of climate and complex systems science. Then, as an overview for the interested practitioner, we review the state-of-the-art in climate network visualisation and provide an overview of existing tools. As a further contribution, we introduce the visual network analytics tools CGV and GTX, providing tailored solutions for climate network analysis, including alternative geographic projections, edge bundling, and 3-D network support. Using these tools, the paper illustrates the application potentials of visual analytics for climate networks based on several use cases including examples from global, regional, and multi-layered climate networks.
The Tombros and McWhirter Knowledge Commons at Penn State
Authors: Fennewald Joseph
Published: April 2015

This article describes the Tombros and McWhirter Knowledge Commons at the Penn State University Park campus and its use by library patrons. The Knowledge Commons required a major renovation of the first floor of the Pattee Library. In addition to providing attractive and inviting new spaces for students to study and collaborate, it includes library, tutoring, information technology, and multimedia support services. Many of these services existed prior to the Knowledge Commons but were not used to the extent they are now. As this article shows, increasing the accessibility of services and offering them in an attractive new setting will increase their use.
Developing Competency-Based Assessment for Library Professionals
Authors: Harhai Marilyn , Krueger Janice
Published: April 2015

The assessment process for student learning is often influenced and guided by well-defined standards and competencies dictated by various accrediting bodies that oversee graduate professional programs culminating in the master’s degree. When applied in an accredited library and information science (LIS) program, traditional assessment techniques, such as portfolios, grades, and authentic assessments consistently affirmed student high performance, leaving little room to demonstrate student learning and program improvement. Consequently, the program redefined its assessment plan through the development of a pre-/post-test survey instrument that aligned with learning outcomes, the curriculum, and professional competencies. Pre-test responses were analyzed through SPSS to ascertain initial findings and effectiveness of the instrument to gauge student learning and workplace performance. Implications for student advisement, curriculum adjustments, program improvement, and strengthening the assessment plan for accreditation emerged. Areas for further development, particularly in the work environment, and research were also identified.
The Library that Cried Wolf: Outcomes of a Banned Book Hoax on Facebook
Authors: Kasperek Sheila , Messersmith Bethany
Published: April 2015

In fall 2012, the Mansfield University library created a Facebook hoax banning a book from the library. Attention was quickly drawn to the book and the library. Ending a few short days later, the hoax left many unanswered questions. Through interviews with individuals on different sides of the hoax, a review of Facebook statistics and comments, and other relevant data, this paper explores the impact on the people involved, the learning outcomes achieved, and the impact on the reputation and credibility of the library and university. The information collected reveals a complex picture of feeling, perceptions, and intentions. While successful at gaining attention, the hoax strategy as employed produced a negative response warranting concern. The paper concludes with suggestions for those contemplating a hoax strategy.
Response to “Capture All the URLs: First Steps in Web Archiving"
Authors: Goldman Rebecca
Published: April 2015

None
Penn State Diversity Residency Program Celebrates First Graduates
Authors: Dewey Barbara I. , Smith Rachel A. , Berray Mohamed
Published: April 2015

Two librarians reflect on their experiences as participants in Penn State's Diversity Residency Program. An introduction is provided by Barbara Dewey, Dean of University Libraries & Scholarly Communications.
New records of corticolous myxomycetes from Turkey
Authors: Oran R. Batur , Ergül C. Cem
Published: April 2015

Eight myxomycete species from the Marmara region are newly recorded for Turkey: Amaurochaete tubulina, Comatricha longipila, Diderma cinereum, D. umbilicatum, Didymium lenticulare, Physarum serpula, Stemonitis inconspicua, and Symphytocarpus confluens.
Distribution of Alternaria species among sections. 1. Section Porri
Authors: Gannibal Philipp B.
Published: April 2015

The evaluation of all available descriptions of Alternaria species allowed the assignment of another 71 species to A. sect. Porri, in addition to the 46 species previously included on the basis of phylogenetic analysis. We assess that this section encompasses 117
species, which are listed. An emended and somewhat expanded description of A. sect. Porri is presented.
Hyphoderma hallenbergii, a new corticioid species from India
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Singh Avneet P. , Dhingra G.S.
Published: April 2015

Hyphoderma hallenbergii sp. nov. from Himachal Pradesh, India is described.
Two new species of Zasmidium from Nepal
Authors: Kharwar Ravindra Nath , Singh Archana , Singh Raghvendra , Kumar Shambhu
Published: April 2015

Zasmidium cassines on living leaves of Cassine glauca (Celastraceae) and Z. fabaceicola on living leaves of Vigna unguiculata (Fabaceae) are described and illustrated from a forest in the terai region of Nepal. The two new foliar fungi are compared
with closely related taxa.
A new species of Terriera (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) on Photinia villosa
Authors: Li Qing , Wu Yuan , Lu Dan-Dan , Xu Ya-Fei , Lin Ying-Ren
Published: April 2015

A new Terriera species, T. aequabilis on fallen leaves of Photinia villosa from the Mount Sanqingshan National Park, Jiangxi Province, China, is described, illustrated, and discussed. This taxon is distinguished from T. cladophila by smaller ascomata that
are not associated with conidiomata, black thin zone lines, a well-developed excipulum, and unbranched paraphyses. The type specimen is deposited in the Reference Collection of Forest Fungi of Anhui Agricultural University, China (AAUF).
Verticicladus hainanensis, a new aquatic hyphomycete
Authors: Guo Ming-Tian , Qiao Min , Li Jian-Ying , Wang Wei , Yu Ze-Fen
Published: April 2015

Verticicladus hainanensis, isolated from decaying leaves in Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Hainan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by fusoid, 5–8-septate, slightly grey to dark fuliginous conidia.
Datronia ustulatiligna sp. nov. (Agaricomycetes) from India
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Gurpreet , Dhingra G.S.
Published: April 2015

A new poroid species, Datronia ustulatiligna, is described on partly burned gymnospermous wood from the state of Himachal Pradesh in India.
New records of one Amygdalaria and three Porpidia taxa (Lecideaceae) from China
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Zhao Xin , Hu Ling
Published: April 2015

Four lichen taxa of Lecideaceae, Amygdalaria consentiens var. consentiens, Porpidia carlottiana, P. lowiana, and P. tuberculosa, are reported for the first time from China.
Antherospora sukhomlyniae, a new species of smut fungi on Hyacinthella in Crimea (Ukraine)
Authors: Savchenko Kyrylo G.
Published: April 2015

Antherospora sukhomlyniae, a new species of smut fungus parasitic on Hyacinthella sp. in Crimea (Ukraine), is described and illustrated.
Tuber xanthomonosporum, a new Paradoxa-like species from China
Authors: Qing Yuan , Li Shu-hong , Liu Cheng-yi , Li Lin , Yang Mei , Zhang Xiao-lei , Li Xiao-lin , Zheng Lin-yong , Wang Yun
Published: April 2015

A new species, Tuber xanthomonosporum, is described based on specimens collected under Pinus yunnanensis in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, China. Tuber xanthomonosporum invariably has only one spore per ascus. It can be distinguished from the three other Chinese Paradoxa-like
species — T. gigantosporum, T. sinomonosporum, and T. glabrum — by its whitish to yellow-brownish gleba, two-layered peridium, and spiky cystidia. Molecular analysis also supports T. xanthomonosporum as a unique species.
Distance1D – a protein profile analytical program designed for fungal taxonomy
Authors: Materić Dušan , Kukavica Biljana , Vukojević Jelena
Published: April 2015

Taxonomic analysis of macromycete fruiting bodies is a challenging task that utilizes morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Many biochemical and molecular methods have been developed to test or confirm identifications or phylogenetic positions independently of morphological
data. SDS electrophoresis has been shown to be a good biochemical method for protein separation. Although protein profiles can be analyzed by commercially available software, there is no software designed specifically for fungal taxonomic research. We have developed an open source portable
program that uses protein profiles of fungal fruiting bodies to calculate relative differences between species for use in generating to generate more accurate phylogenetic trees.
Cladonia corymbescens consists of two species
Authors: Ahti Teuvo , Pino-Bodas Raquel , Stenroos Soili
Published: April 2015

The lichen Cladonia corymbescens (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota) has been reported to have two main ranges, one in Melanesia and Australasia and another in the Himalayas and surrounding areas. When specimens from New Caledonia, Bhutan, and Thailand were subjected to
molecular sequencing (ITS rDNA and RPB2), two distinct clades were detected. The clades were also supported by morphological and geographical differences supporting recognition of two distinct species. Cladonia corymbescens s. str. is present in the Philippines, Melanesia, and Australasia,
while the South East Asian mainland material is referred to C. pseudofissa, a new combination at species level.
Investigating the perceptions of social sciences teachers' practices in Qatari preschools
Authors: Al-Thani Tamader Jassim
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates the perceptions of social sciences teachers’ practices in Qatari preschools and their relationship to child development in the four domains of development: social-emotional, physical, intellectual, and spiritual. In addition, it provides information about the extent to which the perceptions of public preschool social sciences teachers’ practices compare to those of their counterparts from international schools in Qatar.
The perception of teachers using the language experience (LEA) to impact student's writing
Authors: Battle Lavert Gwen
Published: April 2015

Historically, writing has taken a backseat to reading. In the 21st Century, the writing process and six traits are seen by many teachers and students as slow and tedious in comparison to the latest technology that is available. The Language Experience Approach has been documented (L.Lamoreaux and D. Lee, 1943; Huey, 1908; Smith, 1967, Nessel & Jones, 1981; Tompkins, 2003; Vacca, Gove, Burkey, Lenhart, & McKeon, 2002) and discussed for years to enhance students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities. Educators have also advocated the value of LEA for English language learners (ELL), including elementary, secondary, and adult ELLs (Dixon & Nessel, 1983; Dorr, 2006; Nelson & Linek, 1999; Wurr, 2002).

The teachers from Al Jazeera Academy in Qatar will be trained in the LEA to improve writing. They will learn to use their student’s vocabulary, language patterns, and background of experiences to create reading text through the writing process and the Six Traits of writing. The teachers will mediate the students so that the process of writing will become especially meaningful and enjoyable. The teacher’s perception will be assessed in a pre and post survey. It is the expectation that the teacher’s understanding of the writing process and six traits will crystalize. Student’s engagement in and motivation towards writing will increase. The LEA will impact student’s writing.
Activation of embryo during rape (Brassica napus L.) seed germination. I. Structure of embryo and organization of root apical meristem
Authors: Kuraś Miezcysław
Published: April 2015

The Structure of the mature rape embryo was examined on longitudirna microtome sections, and1, its developmental interpretation is given, based on the author's own studies and literature data. The boundaries between the epicotyl, hypocotyl and radicle are recognized and identified with the limits between the proembryo segments. The radicle Structure and root apical meristem organization are described. In the dermatogen and periblem cell patterns four segments are distinguished, separated successively from the initial cells. Their position is recognized as almost the same on both sides of the root axis and in different embryos. The easily discernible limits between the dermatogen sectors are to be utilized as reference points in studies on the root apical meristem activation and growth during rape seed germination.
Phosphatase activity of Poa pratensis seeds. III. Effect of fluoride, citrate, urea and other substances on the activity of acid phosphatase Ia2 and Ia3
Authors: Lorenc-Kubis Irena , Morawiecka Bronisław
Published: April 2015

Effects of fluoride, citrate, urea and other substances on the activity of acid phosphatase a2 and a3 toward p-nitrophenylphosphate and phenylphosphate were investigated. Both enzymes were inhibited by fluoride, p-chloromercuribenzoate and oxalate. Fluoride inhibited acid phosphatase a2 noncorapetitively with p-mitrophenylphosphate, whereas acid phosphatase a3 showed inhibition of mixed type. Hydrolysis of phenylphosphate by both acid phosphatases was activated by citrate. Cytosine and uridine inhibited the activity of phosphatase a2 toward p-nitrophenylphosphate and phenylphosphate, but no effect was observed in case of acid phosphatase a3. After 30 min. incubation with 4 M urea both enzymes lost about 30% of activity.
Effect of vernalizing temperature on the level of plant hormones in embryos of germinating grains of winter and spring wheat
Authors: Michniewicz M. , Rożej B. , Chromiński A. , Chromiński Z.
Published: April 2015

In embryos of grains of winter and spring wheat germinating at temperature of 1.8—2.0°C the levels of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and abscisic acid-like inhibitor were determined. The analyses were performed after 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 days of chilling. The levels of these hormones were also determined in embryos of grains germinated at 22°C being in the same growth stage as embryos taken from chilled grains. It was stated, that during the germination at vernalizing temperature the level of auxins, GAs and cytokinins increased in embryos of both varietes. The level of these hormones in winter wheat was however higher. The amount of growth inhibitor increased at the beginning of germination in embryos of both wheats and afterwards decreased. It was concluded that the above mentioned changes in the level of auxins, cytokinins and ABA had no direct relation to the process of vernalization. However, the changes in the levels of gibberellins found in embryos of winter wheat during the thermoinduction may be directly connected with the vernalization process.
Fine structure ot the protonema in the moss Ceratodon purpureus and its response to a cytokinin
Authors: Idzikowska Krystyna , Szweykowska Alicja
Published: April 2015

Fine structure of the protonema is described, with a special attention to its differentiation depending on the position of cells in the protanemal filament, as well as in response to a cytokinin treatment. Complexes of micro-filaments with osmiophilic globules represented structures of particular interest. They appeared temporarily, almost exclusively in apical cells. The cytokinin treatment resulted in the apical cells in an increased number of cytokinetic figures and in structural changes indicating increased metabolic activity. In the intercalary cells, changes in response to the cytokinin were much smaller and mostly concerned an augmented development of the thylakoid system in chloroplasts. After a prolonged (5 days) treatment, degeneration symptoms developed in all cells, particularly in nuclei and chloroplasts, whereas the structure of mitochondria was relatively stable. The results are compared with the observations concerning the cytokinin-induced gametophore buds and with the data of biochemical and physiological investigations of the protonema.
The hormonal control of sex differentiation in dioecious plants of hemp (Cannabis sativd). The influence of plant growth regulators on sex expression in male and female plants
Authors: Galoch Elżbieta
Published: April 2015

The influence of GA3, IAA, ethrel, ABA and kinetin on sex expression in male and female plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa cultivar LKC SD) was investigated. The growth regulators were applied separately and in combinations on stem apices of plant determined sexually and having the first flower primordia. Gibberellic acid promoted masculinization, whereas IAA, ethylene and kinetin had a feminization effect on sex of hemp. Abscisic acid did not exert any direct effect on sex determination, it however acted antagnisticaly in relation to the effect exerted by GA3 and IAA. The results of combined application of IAA and ethrel with other growth regulators suggest, that the mechanism of action of auxin and ethylene in the control of sex expression in hemp is different. Auxins in this process cannot be regarded only as causing agents of ethylene production increase.
The ultrastructure of anther wall and pollen of Hordeum vulgare at the microspore stage
Authors: Młodzianowski Fortunat , Idzikowska Krystyna
Published: April 2015

The ultrastructure of anther wall and pollen of Hordeum vulgare was de-scribed at the microspore stage. In future studies this stage will constitute an initial material in experiments for the inducement of androgenesis.
Auxin and plant morphogenesis - a model of regulation
Authors: Zajączkowski Stefan , Wodzicki Tomasz J.
Published: April 2015

In the presented model cells of the plant body form a spatial medium in which three-dimensional morphogenic waves of auxin are propagated. Points in the same phase of oscillation form isophasic surfaces and the vectors of wave propagation form a three-dimensional vector field. The vectors in the case of local inhomogeneities of the medium deviate from organ polarity, providing positional information recognized by cells. Models of functioning of such a supracellular oscillatory system in regulation of tissue differentiation, tropic responses and plant form are discussed.
Effect of salt-stresses on the hormonal regulation of growth, photosynthesis and distribution of 14C-assimilates in bean plants
Authors: Starck Z. , Karwowska R.
Published: April 2015

The experiments were carried out to study the effect of salt-stresses and ABA on the growth, photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in bean plants. It was planed to reduce the content of GA3 and cytokinins and increase ABA content in salinized plants. The results show that salt-stress (NaCl and concentrated nutrient solution), reduce all the investigated processes in a different degree. NaCl-stress retarded most seriously growth of apical part and blades in contrast to 7-times concentrated nutrient solution decreasing mainly the rate of root and blade growth. Photosynthesis and 14C-translocation of 14C-assimilates were retarded more seriously by NaCl than by 7-times concentrated nutrient. solution. In the case of seriously stressed plants GA3 and cytokinins (more effectively) reversed the ,negative effect of stress conditions both on the photosynthesis and on the 14C-tramslocation. On the basis of the obtained results, it seemes that changes in the rate of investigated processes in salinized plants are due to hormonal disturbances which cause directly or indirectly retardation of photosynthesis and trans-location of assimilates.
A morphogenetic study of sporangia-partitioning complex
Authors: Goswami H. K.
Published: April 2015

The bilobed sporangia in the species of Anthoceros, Isoetes and Ophioglossum are described. The morphogenetic importance of the process of "fission" in evolutionary development of sporangia in pteridophytes is discussed.
Cytochemical localization of peroxidase activity in early developmental stages of the moss Ceratodon purpureus. Light-microscopic observations
Authors: Politycka B. , Młodzianowski F. , Woźny A.
Published: April 2015

Peroxidase activity was localized in the cell walls and minute cytoplasm granules of swollen and germinating spores and in the several-celled protonema of the moss Ceratodon purpureus kept in darkness. Kinetin in a concentration of 100 μM inhibited the protonema development and also depressed the activity of this enzyme.
The possible relation between cytokinins and secondary xylem formation in Pinus silvestris. I. Seasonal correlations
Authors: Kubowicz Dorota B.
Published: April 2015

The Seasonal dynamics of changes in the endogenous cytokinin level was investigated in the tissue of the stem cambial region, The results of the soybean test and Amaranthus test show that marked variations occur. in the course of the year in cytokinin activity in five fractions obtained from tissue of the cambial region. These variations characterized by a spring maximum and late-summer maximum may be correlated in time with changes in cambial activity and the course of annual ring differentiation in the pine stem during the vegetation season.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia With Eosinophilia
Authors: Guo Ruifeng , Gavino Alde Carlo P.
Published: April 2015

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE), also named epithelioid hemangioma (EH), is an inflamed vascular tumefaction of uncertain pathogenesis, characterized by proliferation of histiocytoid endothelial cells with prominent lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration. Although considered a benign condition, it may recur in up to one-third of cases in the absence of complete surgical excision. The pathogenesis of ALHE/EH is still controversial. However, reaction to trauma and arteriovenous shunting are considered relevant. Histologically, ALHE/EH may be differentiated from other vascular neoplasms by its several unique characteristics including prominent proliferation of plump endothelial cells, and accompanying eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation, often with formation of lymphoid follicles. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and various other treatment strategies have been used with varying results.
Conjunctival Myxoma: A Synopsis of a Rare Ocular Tumor
Authors: Xiong Meng-Jun , Dim Daniel C.
Published: April 2015

Conjunctival myxoma is an exceptionally rare, slow-growing, benign neoplasm of primitive mesenchyme origin. Forty-one cases of conjunctival myxoma from a literature review, including the authors' case, are listed. The usual clinical history is a painless mass appearing during months to years. Grossly, the tumor is a well-circumscribed, cystlike, gelatinous, yellow-to-pink, translucent-to-solid mass. Microscopically, the hypocellular tumor contains stellate- and spindle-shaped cells in a mucoid stroma with abundant hyaluronic acid mucopolysaccharides. Vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin highlight the spindle and stellate cells. S100 protein and desmin are negative for the tumor cells. Treatment is complete surgical excision, with no recurrence reported in the follow-up period. Notably, conjunctival myxoma may be associated with Carney complex, an autosomal-dominant disorder associated with skin pigmentation, endocrine abnormalities, and myxoma of the heart and eye. Physicians should appreciate this unique ocular tumor because of its potential association with Carney complex.
Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Efficacy, Laboratory Measurement, and Approaches to Emergent Reversal
Authors: Gehrie Eric , Tormey Christopher
Published: April 2015

Warfarin, the most commonly used of the vitamin K antagonists, has been a mainstay of oral anticoagulation for decades. However, its usage is limited by morbidity and mortality secondary to bleeding as well as a cumbersome therapeutic monitoring process. In the past several years, a number of competing novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been developed, each of which aspires to match or exceed warfarin's effectiveness while mitigating bleeding risk and eliminating therapeutic monitoring requirements. At present, 1 oral direct thrombin inhibitor and 2 direct factor Xa inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Here, we compare the clinical efficacy and safety profiles of these new drugs. In addition, we discuss various laboratory assays that may be useful to measure these drugs in certain clinical circumstances. Finally, we discuss emerging strategies to reverse these agents in an emergency. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework for practicing pathologists to advise clinicians on NOAC laboratory measurement and management of NOAC-associated bleeding.
La lectura di Max Weber dell' hinduismo e del budismo nella sociologia delle religiones (Gesammelte aufsätze zur religionssoziologie). Un esercizio di ammirazione
Authors: Piro Pietro
Published: April 2015

The text analyzes the reflections of Max Weber in Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Religionssoziologie dedicated to Hinduism and Buddhism. The initial intention was to find the "limits" of Weber. However, after careful reading, Weber’s work demonstrates the ability to "hold over time and at the time" and continues to exert a considerable charisma. The size of the survey Weber is represented by its extraordinary ability to ask radical questions and groped me give you some answers. Answers still valid today and worthy of the greatest interest.
La verdad en Kierkegaard y en Unamuno
Authors: Aguiar Baixauli Delia
Published: April 2015

Este artículo ofrece una contrastación entre el concepto de verdad en Kierkegaard y el concepto de verdad Unamuno. En ambos la verdad es entendida como subjetividad, como autenticidad, practicada en el ejercicio de decirse a uno mismo a través de la palabra.
Investigación y transmisión de la filosofía sāmkhya
Authors: Arnau Navarro Juan
Published: April 2015

El artículo repasa las diferentes fases en la investigación y transmisión de la cosmología sāmkhya. Desde sus primeras apariciones en la literatura antigua de India, que se remontan al periodo postvédico, hasta sus sistematización en el periodo clásico por parte de Īśvarakrsna en la  Sāmkhyakārikā (finales del siglo IV), prestando una especial atención al comentario sánscrito medieval de Vācaspati Miśra titulado Tattvakaumudī (siglo X). Asimismo, se analizan las diferentes interpretaciones de esta tradición de pensamiento realizadas en India y Europa en el periodo 1896–1970 por Jhā, Dasgupta, Frauwallner y Larson.
Self-Esteem and Collective Self-Esteem Among Adolescents: An Interventional Approach
Authors: Sharma Shraddha , Agarwala Surila
Published: April 2015

Present research was conducted with the purpose to study the effectiveness of behavioural intervention program in enhancing the self-esteem and collective self-esteem among adolescents. The research was conducted on 74 subjects in the age range of 17-23 years. Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965) and Collective self-esteem scale developed by Luhtanen and Crocker (1992) were used to measure self-esteem and collective self-esteem respectively. A self-structured behavioural intervention program was administered for three months to enhance low level of self-esteem and low level of collective self-esteem among subjects. In the interventional program, teachers and parents were requested to cooperate. Pre- and post-test design was used. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied to test the significance of difference between pre-intervention scores and post-intervention scores of self-esteem and collective self-esteem. The results showed that the mean self-esteem score in pre-measure was 11.31, which increased to 17.42 in post measure andZvalue was -7.51 that was significant at .01 level. It suggests that there is significant difference between pre-intervention self-esteem score and post-intervention self-esteem score. Further, the results showed that the mean collective self-esteem score was 34.73 in pre-intervention measure which increased to 53.47 in post-intervention measure. The obtainedZvalue for collective self-esteem was -7.57 that was also significant at .01 level. It suggests that there is significant difference between pre-intervention collective self-esteem scores and post-intervention collective self-esteem scores. Thus, the results proved the effectiveness of interventional program in enhancing self-esteem and collective self-esteem.
Personality Characteristics and Informal Leadership Among Young People With Mild and Moderate Degree of Intellectual Disability
Authors: Antonova Radostina , Stoeva Tzveta , Dimova Kalina , Kumovski Rusko
Published: April 2015

Настоящата статия представя резултати от проведени количествени и качествени изследвания сред млади хора с лека до умерена степен на интелектуално затруднение на възраст 18 – 40 години, посещаващи Дневен център за трудови умения. Целта на изследването е да се идентифицират неформалните лидери, да се опишат личностните им характеристики, и особеностите на лидерството сред тази група. Използваните методи са: социометрично изследване, цветови тест на Люшер и Личностен въпросник на Айзенк. Събраните данни и анализираните резултатите сочат, че степента на интелектуално затруднение не влияе върху избора на неформален лидер. Определящи характеристики са мотивацията за самоусъвършенстване и налагане на собствения авторитет сред другите (определени по цветови тест на Люшер), както и ниските показатели по скала „Невротизъм“ от Личностния въпросник на Айзенк.
PANACÉE : évaluation du fonctionnement d’un bioréacteur à membranes immergées traitant des effluents hospitaliers d’oncologie
Authors: Quesada Isariebel , Gonzalez Yusmel , Schetrite Sylvie , Budzinski Hélène , Le Menach Karyn , Lorain Olivier , Manier Nicolas , Ait Aissa Selim , Pandard Pascal , Abdelaziz Djamil , Canonge Jean-Marie , Albasi Claire
Published: April 2015

Dans le cadre du projet ANR « Panacée » nous suivons le fonctionnement d’un Bioréacteur à membrane (BaM) sur le site de l’hôpital Purpan (service d’hématologie, CHU Toulouse). Les objectifs de ce projet se placent sur 3 niveaux: i) l’identification et la quantification de molécules, utilisées dans les traitements des cancers, dans les effluents des services correspondants, ii) la mesure d’effets biologiques (éco/géno/cytotoxiques et perturbateurs endocriniens) de ces effluents, iii) le développement d’un procédé de traitement constitué d’une combinaison de traitements biologiques et physicochimiques. Sont présentés les protocoles d’échantillonnage, les analyses des paramètres physicochimiques et la quantification des molécules pharmaceutiques effectuées sur 125 molécules, permettant de « décrire » la variabilité de l’effluent hospitalier. Du point de vue du traitement, le BaM a été opéré à 40 jours d’âge de boues et l’étude a consisté à évaluer l’effet du temps de séjour hydraulique (TSH), les autres paramètres étant égaux par ailleurs. Deux campagnes de traitement ont été menées pour des TSH = 24 et 48 h. Les différences observées ne sont pas forcément attribuables à la différence de TSH. D’un point de vue hydraulique les performances de filtration obtenues sont satisfaisantes dans les conditions opératoires adoptées (pas de rétrolavage, filtration séquencée). Les performances de traitement en regard des paramètres de qualité d’eau restent conformes aux normes de rejet d’une eau usée traitée. Les analyses chimiques quantitatives montrent des abattements des molécules par le traitement BaM très variables, pouvant aller d’un abattement total, à de la « production » de molécules, plaidant en faveur de phénomènes de déconjugaisons. Sur ces mêmes échantillons, des batteries de tests d’écotoxicité ont été appliquées. Ces tests mettent en évidence un abattement de l’écotoxicité globale. Une conclusion partielle sur la pertinence du traitement est proposée.
Évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques liés aux effluents hospitaliers et recommandations de gestion
Authors: Perrodin Yves , Orias Frédéric , Boillot Clotilde , Brackers de Hugo Aurélien , Jean Julien , Panouillères Muriel , Emmanuel Evens
Published: April 2015

L’évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques des effluents hospitaliers est nécessaire pour leur gestion, étant donnée leur richesse en polluants potentiellement toxiques pour les organismes aquatiques, tels que les désinfectants, les détergents, ou les résidus médicamenteux. Pour ce faire, une batterie de tests d’écotoxicité complémentaires a tout d’abord été déployée sur différents sites des Hospices Civils de Lyon. Le suivi de l’écotoxicité des effluents au cours d’une journée moyenne d’activité a montré la forte évolution de ces derniers en fonction des activités du site. La mesure de l’écotoxicité de la fraction particulaire des effluents a démontré la contribution majeure de cette dernière à l’écotoxicité globale de l’effluent. Parallèlement à ces travaux expérimentaux, une étude théorique, portant sur l’ensemble des médicaments consommés dans les hôpitaux de Lyon, a mis en évidence 14 médicaments prioritaires à étudier en raison de leur caractère particulièrement bioaccumulables, et pouvant de ce fait conduire à un impact important sur les organismes et les chaines trophiques. Une évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques de ces médicaments a ensuite été engagée, couplant l’estimation de leur concentration dans le milieu récepteur, et la caractérisation de leur écotoxicité. Cette évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques a montré l’importance des médicaments bioaccumulables dans le risque global présenté par les effluents hospitaliers. Sur la base de l’ensemble de ces résultats, des réflexions ont été engagées en vue de la réduction des risques, via le traitement à la source et/ou le prétraitement de ces effluents avant rejet au réseau urbain.