bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Heavy Metals Adsorption Using Recycled Bentonite Clay Waste in a Fixed Bed Depth Column
Authors: Abbas Mukhtar DH. , Kebria Daryoush Yousefi
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The study objective is to remove heavy metals from an aqueous solution using recycled bentonite clay waste (RBCW) as a low-cost and green adsorbent in a continuous system. The produced RBCW results from thermal remediating of the hazardous industrial bentonite clay waste that is a by-product of used engine oil recycling plants.
Materials and Methods: The doses of the RBCW adsorbent were (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) g mixed with (30, 40, and 50) g of the crystalline sand to produce bed depth columns of (22, 30, and 38 cm), respectively. The influent concentrations of all adsorbates were (20, 50, and 100) ppm, and the flow rates of the continuous system were (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) mL/min.
Results: The BET, XRF, and SEM tests and the experimental data approved that RBCW is active material for heavy metals adsorption. The adsorption capacity and breakthrough time of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Ni for dominant parameters (flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, adsorbent mass of 1.0 g, and influent concentration of heavy metals of 20 ppm) were 70.36, 36.05, 27.55, 21.67, and 18.63 mg/g, and 35, 19.73, 11.38, 6.25, and 8.13 hr, respectively.
Conclusion: The RBCW adsorbent has more than one advantage in industrial and environmental issues. The (R2) values for Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, and BDST models were higher than 0.9. Moreover, the breakthrough curves of experimental data were more fitted with the Yoon-Nelson model due to the high value of R2 and low values of Chi-square, absolute average deviation, and standard deviation.
Applications of Phytomedicines in Chondrocytes and Osteocytes Regeneration Therapy: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies
Authors: Sheibani Mohammad , Shayan Maryam , Jafari-Sabet Majid , Sharifi Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Phytomedicines, also known as plant-derived drugs, possess preventive and therapeutic effects. Herbal medicines exert a wide range of biological and medicinal properties along with beneficial advantages, including fewer side-effects and lower costs compared to their chemical counterparts. Herbal derivates form basis of many available chemical medicines such as Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Quinine, Colchicine, Digoxin, Codeine, and Morphine. Asian and African populations consume herbal medicine for therapeutic purposes by 60-80%. In the United States, 25% of pharmaceutical medications have at least one herbal-derived ingredient in their structure. Regenerative Medicine (RM) employs stem cells and tissue engineering technology to restore injured cells and repair tissue damage. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, which can be differentiated into numerous cells. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as multipotent stem cells are the most frequently used stem cells in RM, which can be differentiated into several cell types such as adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Bone disorders and cartilage injuries are not responsive to currently available therapies; thus, researchers have focused on herbal-based stem cell therapies. The present study aimed to review the mechanism underlying the therapeutic application of phytomedicines in the RM and their efficacy in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis.
Manufactured Yttrium Barium Copper Nano Oxide for Medicinal Applications
Authors: Daha Rania , Bouloudenine Manel , Djenadi Katia , Tahraoui Tarek , Bellucci Stefano , Rabehi Abdelaziz
Published: September 2023

In light of the considerable interest surrounding the antibacterial properties of nanometal oxides and high-temperature superconductors, this study focuses on the synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) using the Sol-Gel method. The research delves into the experimental aspects of nanoparticle (NP) synthesis and aims to elucidate the antibacterial potential of YBCO NPs, a high-temperature superconductor, against four distinct bacteria. These bacteria were subjected to varying concentrations of YBCO NPs (0.01 mg/ml, 0.025 mg/ml, 0.05 mg/ml, and 0.1 mg/ml). Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles encompassed techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Remarkably, the Gram-positive strains, including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), exhibited pronounced susceptibility to the YBCO NPs, while Gram-negative strains displayed minimal response. Intriguingly, even at elevated concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/ml, these bacterial strains showcased resilient resistance. This research sheds light on the potential of YBCO NPs as an antibacterial agent against specific pathogens.
Sistem vodenja kakovosti v višjih strokovnih šolah
Authors: Škafar Branko
Published: September 2023

V prispevku je predstavljen izviren model sistema vodenja kakovosti v višjih strokovnih šolah. Model se imenuje Zahteve sistema vodenja kakovosti v višjih strokovnih šolah. Sam model je nastal v okviru projekta IMPLETUM, Aktivnosti 9 Kakovost. Zahteve temeljijo na sodobnih standardih in modelih vodenja kakovosti. Model se je preizkusil v praksi. Modificiran model bi bil ustrezen tudi v visokem šolstvu.
Integrativna medicina – sprejemanje drugačnosti v dobro človeštva
Authors: Čebašek Travnik Zdenka
Published: September 2023

Integrativna medicina tudi v Sloveniji počasi dobiva svojo vlogo v celostni obravnavi pacientov. Ovire na tej poti predstavlja pomanjkljivo znanje o metodah komplementarne in alternativne medicine (KAM) ter nasprotujoča stališča šolske medicine ter zdravniških organizacij. Članek spodbuja vse zainteresirane (zdravnike, druge zdravstvene delavce, zdravilce in paciente), da se o prednostih, ki jih odpira integrativna medicina, dodatno izobrazijo in metode KAM uvedejo v celostno obravnavo pacientov.
Hrvaška, madžarska, slovenska glasba nas bogati, povezuje, se oglaša in združuje povsod; je brezmejna in univerzalna
Authors: Križnar Franc
Published: September 2023

Hrvaški, madžarski in slovenski glasbeniki skozi čas in prostor zaokrožajo glasbeno podobo ljudske in umetne, umetniške glasbe treh dežel, držav. Obravnavamo jih s skupnim imenovalcem Panonije oz. pomurske in prekmurske ravnice, Blatnega jezera, skratka gre za glasbo, ki je na določenih prostorih in brez obzira na nacionalne in državne meje, kolikor toliko enotna; pa najsi gre za muziko, ki je vokalna, inštrumentalna ali/in vokalno inštrumentalna. Glasbena umetnost, ki jo obravnavamo, je značilna in popularna tako za lokalno kot tudi za globalno pojavo, pri tem pa je marsikatera od njenih pojavnosti zdaj že univerzalna: evropska in svetovna. Ravno zaradi univerzalnosti (glasbenega in plesnega) jezika, popularnosti in različnih ravni njene pojavnosti in recepcije, je še kako značilna in celo popularna. Tako se posamično dotikamo hrvaške, madžarske in slovenske glasbene zapuščine in sedanje glasbeno plesne pojavnosti. Njihova brezmejnost, vsebinsko in oblikovno bogastvo, povezovanje tudi zunaj glasbene umetnosti (nacionalno in državno), univerzalno oglašanje in združevanje pa so že sociološke funkcije, ki se marsikdaj pripisujejo umetnostnim, pedagoškim in znanstvenim pogledom na muziko v celoti.
Model krožnega gospodarstva in trajnostne rešitve recikliranja gradbenih odpadkov
Authors: Časar Nejc , Šket Robert , Gradišnik Eva
Published: September 2023

V gradbeništvu nastanejo velike količine odpadkov, ki jih pogosto prehitro zavržemo med odpadke. Ponovna uporaba, uporava sekundarnih materialov in ter njihovo recikliranje, dokler je to mogoče sta ključna, da zagotovimo dovolj naravnih virov po katerih so vse večje potrebe. Obstaja kar nekaj možnih rešitev oz. načinov za ponovno uporabo gradbenih odpadkov, kot npr. asfalta, elektrofiltrskega pepela, cestnih pometkov, jalovine itd., katere predstavljamo v prispevku. Podjetje Nigrad že uporablja različne načine s katerimi predeluje različne vrste gradbenih odpadkov. Te načine smo preučili in raziskali mogoče izboljšave. Za predelavo cestnih pometkov in mulja pa smo poiskali najboljše možnosti predelave, saj predelave teh odpadkov podjetje še ne izvaja. Opravili smo tudi analizo ocen odpadkov s katerih podjetje predeluje odpadke. Na koncu smo svoje ugotovitve in pripravljene vsebine integrirali v Model krožnega gospodarstva in trajnostnih rešitev za recikliranje gradbenih odpadkov, ki bo še izboljšal krožno gospodarstvo v podjejtu in njegovo trajnostni naravnanost ter družbeno odgovornost.
Slovenski znanstveniki 19. in 20. stoletja na znamkah
Authors: Nemec Jože
Published: September 2023

Znamke so v preteklosti bile nujni sestavni del poštnih pošiljk. Danes znamke v veliki meri nadomeščajo nalepke, pisma pa elektronska sporočila. Kljub temu pa so znamke še vedno v uporabi in poštne uprave izdajajo znamke, ki predstavljajo značilnosti države. Na znamkah so velikokrat tudi znane osebnosti z znanstvenega sveta. Te znamke so posvečene njihovemu delu ali pa obletnicam rojstva ali smrti. V predstavitvi so prikazane znamke posvečene slovenskim znanstvenikom, ki so bili rojeni v 19. in 20. stoletju.
Coalovi indeksi v Sloveniji
Authors: Malačič Janez
Published: September 2023

Coalovi indeksi so bili definirani in uporabljeni za analizo dejavnikov rodnosti in njihovih sprememb v času demografskega prehoda v Evropi. Kljub starosti pa še zmeraj lahko pokažejo, kako pomembni sta zakonska rodnost in rodnost izven zakonske zveze ter primerjavo dejanske rodnosti z maksimalno rodnostjo Huteritov. Coalovi indeksi za Slovenijo kažejo, da se je med letoma 1991 in 2021 povečal pomen tako poročnosti kot rojevanj izven zakonske zveze. Vse to pa ni vodilo do povečanja naše splošne rodnosti, saj je prišlo do izrazitih strukturnih sprememb v smeri od poročanja k ne-poročanju.
Spoštovanje otroštva
Authors: Čačinovič Vogrinčič Gabi
Published: September 2023

Knjiga Tima Loremana (2009) Spoštovanje otroštva, je bila zame pomembna, saj odlično ubesedi kako zelo smo odrasli zasedli in zakrili svet otrok, kot smo mi odrasli znali, razumeli in potrebovali. Loreman pravi, da otroštvo spoštujemo, če varujemo posebnosti tega življenjskega obdobja, ki je, kot pravi avtor, v nevarnosti, da ga docela določimo in zapolnimo odrasli. Otrok danes skoraj več nima časa, ki bi bil »prazen« na način, da bi lahko sam z njim razpolagal. Spošotvati otroka pomeni spoštovati njegove posebnosti, spoštovati kompleksnost otroških svetov, ki jih premalo poznamo: spoštovati otrokov čas, še posebej sedanjost, spoštovati otrokovo uživanje otroštva, spoštovati otrokove odnose z drugimi, spoštovati otrokov prispevek družini in družbi, spoštovati otrokovo individualnost in različnost, spoštovati in sprejeti otrokove spretnosti in sposobnosti. Mislim, da je v sodobni šoli nepoznavanje in nespoštovanje otroštva skupaj z nepripravljenostjo, da se lotimo dela skupaj z otroki in mladimi ljudmi, velika ovira za nujne spremembe, ki jih potrebujemo za razumevanje šole in učenja skozi odnos med otroki in odraslimi. Učenec potrebuje učitelja, ki za ustvarjanje učenja zna biti njegov spoštljiv in odgovorni zaveznik v delovnem odnosu. Predstavila bom akcijsko raziskovalni projekt pomoči učencem z učnimi težavami, ki smo ga postavili na konceptu spoštovanja otroštva tako, da je v središču glas učenca in dobili presenetljive, nove in drugačne odgovore o pomoči, ki jo učenec potrebuje za uspešno delo.
Neinvazivna prenatalna genetska diagnostika – prednosti, pasti in priložnosti sodobne tehnologije
Authors: Erjavec Škerget Alenka
Published: September 2023

Prenatalna ali predrojstvena genetska diagnostika (PGD) je pred kratkim predvsem na račun sodobne tehnologije doprinesla številne prednosti in olajšave pri odkrivanju določenih genetskih napak. Tako je dandanes na prostem trgu že vsakemu potrošniku dostopna novejša, popolnoma validirana genetska tehnologija, ki omogoča analizo genoma nerojenega otroka iz materine krvi (neinvazivna prenatalna genetska diagnostika - NPGD). Tehnologija je osnovana na sekveniranju t.i. cell-free DNA (zunajcelične DNA) fetusa, ki v času nosečnosti kroži v materinem krvnem obtoku. NPGD je bila razvita z namenom čim zgodnejšega odkrivanja najpogostejših številčnih kromosomskih sprememb (trisomija kromosomov 13, 18, in 21 ter spolnih kromosomov X in Y) pri fetusu. V primeru potrjene kromosomske anomalije je nosečnici zagotovljen dovolj zgodnji in zanjo čim manj medicinsko obremenjujoč ter etično sprejemljiv biomedicinski poseg. Implementacija naprednih genetskih diagnostičnih metod pa poleg izboljšanja v smislu genetske preventive lahko vodi tudi k nekaterim nepredvidenim spremembam v demografski strukturi, ki so lahko potencialno škodljive in kot take vzbujajo etične pomisleke. V prispevku želim predstaviti poleg koristnih, preventivnih lastnosti novejše tehnologije, tudi možni vpliv PGD na t.i. „reproduktivno svobodo“ ter posledično opozoriti na možni vpliv na demografske razmere.
Simptomi in znaki duševnih motenj pri osebah iz tujih kulturoloških področij
Authors: Novak Šarotar Brigita
Published: September 2023

Tako kot druge bolezni in zdravstvene motnje so tudi duševne motnje razporejene po posameznih skupinah glede na simptome in znake, ki so značilni zanje. V Evropi uporabljamo klasifikacijo duševnih motenj po Mednarodni klasifikaciji bolezni in sorodnih zdravstvenih problemov za statistične namene - Deseta revizija (MKB-10). Enotna klasifikacija duševnih motenj je še posebej pomembna v procesu diagnostike in zdravljenja. Sistematično so v tej klasifikaciji opisani klinični znaki in simptomi, ki morajo biti razpoznani v klinični sliki bolnika, da lahko pri njem postavimo določeno diagnozo. Pri obravnavi bolnikov z različnimi duševnimi motnjami ter tudi v kriznih stanjih pa se večkrat srečamo z bolniki, ki izhajajo iz drugih kulturoloških okolij ali so druge verske pripadnosti. Klinične izkušnje kažejo, da se pri njih pojavljajo specifike v psihopatoloških značilnostih, ki zahtevajo tako prepoznavanje kot razumevanje s strani terapevta ter prilagoditve v sami obravnavi. V slovenskem prostoru se že več desetletij srečujemo z bolniki, ki izhajajo iz republik bivše Jugoslavije, v pomurski in nekaterih drugih regijah po državi pa tudi z Romi in njihovo kulturo. Vprašanje obravnave tujcev je še posebej aktualno v zadnjem obdobju zaradi številnih migrantov in beguncev, ki so prisotni v našem prostoru.
Zgodba o človekovem kromosomu X
Authors: Erjavec Škerget Alenka
Published: September 2023

V prispevku bodo predstavljena dejstva o zgradbi kromosoma X ter vplivi do sedaj poznane strukture na njegovo funkcioniranje. Predstavljeni bodo izsledki glede do sedaj znanih tehnologij za odkrivanje in določanje načina funkcioniranja kromosoma X preko procesa inaktivacije ter natančneje predstavljena metodologija, ki jo uporabljamo za odkrivanje omenjenega procesa za diagnostične namene.
ELEKTRO vs. AVTOMOBILI Z NOTRANJIM IZGOREVANJEM – KAJ POKAŽE PRIHODNOST V EU?
Authors: Margan Florian
Published: September 2023

Na evropskih trgih se prodaja vedno več osebnih avtomobilov, prav tako se tudi proizvaja več avtomobilov in uvoz avtomobilov do Evrope raste. Ta rast prodaje avtomobilov nepretrgoma raste že zadnja tri leta. V letu 2016 se je medletna prodaja avtomobilov v EU povečala za 5,8 %. Kakšno pa je stanje s prodajo elektroavtomobilov? Elektroavtomobile v Evropi skoraj nihče ne kupuje in avtomobilski koncerni dajejo le zlomek svojih investicij do razvoja. Zakaj se potem avtomobilski koncerni tako hvalijo z elektroavtomobili? V letu 2016 je bil delež prodanih elektroavtomobilov v ZDA le neceli 0,2-% in v Evropi 2-%. Realnost? Je za to odgovorno dizelsko gorivo? Ali EU?
Exploring Female-headed Households’ Sanitation Needs, Tasikmalaya
Authors: Mercer Elaine
Published: September 2023

Female-headed households often get left behind in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programming and policy. This SLH Learning Paper presents findings and recommendations for action, from the participatory video research project, ‘Sanitation, health and livelihood issues for female-headed households in Tasikmalaya’. The project supported eight women in Awiluar village, Tasikmalaya, (a peri-urban community in west-Java, Indonesia), to explore the challenges they face and ideas for solution using a participatory video process. The process included activities to develop personal confidence, teamwork, collective and visual storytelling, reflective enquiry, communication skills and audio-visual technical skills. The women collectively created a video to communicate their sanitation, health and livelihood priorities, which was screened with local government officials and community members promoting vital dialogue and encouraging action. The aim of the project was to ensure that the specific needs and long-term interests of female-headed households are better met going forward. Further details on the approach can be found in the accompanying SLH Learning Paper, 'Using participatory video for empowerment in sanitation programming'; this describes key activities involved and their value to programming. It aims to spark sanitation and hygiene researchers’ interest in the potential for using participatory video.
Features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders
Authors: Ivleva Alena N.
Published: September 2023

Importance. The features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks are solved: the features of the relationship between speech and motor disorders of preschool children asre characterized; a review of psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem is conducted; methodological recommendations are developed for planning physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged children with speech disorders.
Research methods. Analysis of theoretical and methodological literature on the research topic, analysis of the experience of practitioners working with preschool children with speech disorders, comparative analysis, as well as the method of generalizations.
Result and Discussion. Speech disorders of preschool children are closely related to motor disorders, since the speech and motor spheres are inextricably linked; it is necessary to plan physical education classes for mentally challenged children with speech disorders in a preschool educational institution in such a way that during these classes the simultaneous development of the speech and motor spheres takes place. It is necessary to include elements of rhythmics, dance movements, aerobics, etc. in physical education classes.; in the process of planning a system of physical education classes, it is also advisable to integrate innovative techniques into classes, namely: 3D fitness, classes on step platforms (subject to technical capability), etc.
Conclusion. Competent planning of physical education classes in preschool institutions for mentally challenged with speech disorders will make it possible not only to provide children with the necessary physical activity, but also to correct speech disorders to some extent.
Last fight of Alyosha Popovich
Authors: Kozlov Michael N. , Boitsova Elena E.
Published: September 2023

Importance. Despite the fact that in our time the interest of Russian scientists in the history of Ancient Rus has significantly increased, some of its pages remain almost unexplored. For example, Alyosha Popovich, repeatedly mentioned in Ancient Rus’ chroniques and bylinas, remains for many modern researchers only a folklore character. Meanwhile, a detailed analysis of the key moments of the biography of the historical prototype of the bylina’s bogatyr will allow modern scientists to more deeply explore the historical processes that took place in the Ancient Rus’ society of the pre-Mongol era.
Materials and methods. In the course of the research, special methods of cognition (historical-analytical and problem-chronological) were used. The materials that form the basis of the research have been studied and analyzed taking into account the chronology of events, the need to obtain historical information from the scientific sources being studied. When comparing different theoretical views on the analyzed problems, the method of comparative and retrospective analysis was used. Chroniques and chronographs of the 15th–17th centuries, as well as Ancient Rus’ bylinas, the main character of which was Alyosha Popovich, became the basis of the source base of the research.
Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of Ancient Rus’ chroniques and chronographs, as well as the text of the folk bylina “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent”, the authors refuted the hypothesis that recently dominated in Russian science that Alyosha Popovich is a collective image of the ancient defenders of native land. The historical reconstruction of the biography of the most probable historical prototype of the bylina’s bogatyr is also presented.
Conclusion. The main historical prototype of bylina’s bogatyr Alyosha Popovich was the Rostov warrior Alexander Popovich. He served in the druzhinas of the Old Russian knyazs Vsevolod Yuryevich and Konstantin Vsevolodovich and under their command participated in military campaigns and internecine wars.
Tambov zemstvo craft and education orphanage for juvenile delinquents: on the history of foundation and work
Authors: Reent Yurij A.
Published: September 2023

Importance. The development of any scientific problem should be based on an analysis of the previous history of its development. The study of the experience and patterns of execution of punishments for juvenile offenders is no exception. The purpose of the study in a broad sense is to identify and analyze the historical experience of the formation and development of penitentiary institutions for the maintenance of convicted adolescents at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In a narrow sense, the main task is to determine the role and place of the Tambov shelter in the matter of re-education and preventive influence on already convicted and potential criminals who have not reached the age of majority.
Materials and methods Research. The object of research is determined here by the totality of social relations that took place during the implementation of the activities of the Tambov zemstvo vocational and educational orphanage for juvenile offenders. The basic sources are materials from the collections of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, publications and relevant legal acts. Traditional and new research methods are used to implement the tasks set. Let us name the historical-chronological method as the first ones, and elements of narrative and axiological approaches as the second ones.
Results and Discussion. The reasons outlined for the creation of a craft and educational orphanage, its structure; conditions of maintenance, study and pupils’ work. A comparative description of some of the similar institutions operating in other provinces is given. The main administrative and educational means used to achieve the set goals are determined. Estimates of the effectiveness of the work being done are given.
Conclusion. The materials of the study testify to the positive consequences of replacing imprisonment for juvenile delinquents by sending them to correctional orphanages and colonies. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the main provisions and conclusions made in the study can be used both in local history work and in the formation of modern criteria for the activities of juvenile justice.
The German propaganda system in the occupied Soviet territory: structure, forms, methods, content and effectiveness of activities (on the example of the General District Belarus)
Authors: Pushkarenko Elena A.
Published: September 2023

Importance. The interest in the research is due to the political events and processes taking place in the post-Soviet area. Russia is responding to military-technological and moral-ideological challenges. At the same time, the western information war launched against Russia axiologically, semantically has many analogies with the content of German propaganda in the occupied Soviet territory during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the research is to determine the order of organization, forms, methods and content, principles and effectiveness of the activities of propaganda bodies.
Materials and methods. The materials of the General District Belarus, the chronological framework of the research – 1941–1944 are considered. Historical documents of the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus (NARB) were used. The latter are normative acts of the German civil administration of the General District Belarus, as well as materials of Nazi propaganda.
The results of the research are of practical importance: they can be used in the educational and educational process in institutions of higher professional education.
Conclusion. The propaganda activity of the German authorities on the Belarusian territory had a number of distinctive features. The ideological impact on the local population had the character of a well-organized work, which was built by analogy with the propaganda system of Nazi Germany. The propaganda was carried out taking into account the psychological and cultural-historical characteristics of the local population. In general, propaganda was assigned the role of a preventive tool in ensuring a calm rear and in fulfilling the economic and political tasks of the German Reich in the occupied territories.
Identification of social significant interests for draft regulatory legal act development in the digitalization era: impact on legal relations’ dynamics
Authors: Volkov Ilya A.
Published: September 2023

The development of technologies used in the law-making process related to significant social interests’ identification is possible with the gradual, consistent development of scientific ideas about them, as well as the technologies’ practical application issues’ legal regulation level corresponding to the achieving law-making decisions’ effectiveness goal. Interest is considered as a legal regulation’s transformation determinant in public life various spheres. The research analyzes some technological solutions to consolidate the interests considered in the work, their legal security issues, as well as improving the procedure for citizens’ participation in the discussion of draft regulatory legal acts on the Internet. It is concluded that the artificial intelligence development has the prospect of transforming the existing approaches to the sources’ analysis from which the legislature can extract information about relevant interests in order to further their legal mediation. Along with this, it is stated that the participation of a person (a carrier of knowledge, values) as a processes’ administrator for identifying interests, it is not only rational due to the need for constant and of digital technologies’ in-depth improvement, but also in order to level the interests’ distortion risks, law abuse.
Лазерна метрологія анізотропної структури полімерних шарів матеріалів для пакувальної продукції
Authors: Горський Михайло Петрович , Фельде Христина Вікторівна , Зенкова Клавдія Юріївна , Морфлюк-Щур Вікторія Валеріївна , Дуболазов Олександр Володимирович , Слоцька Лілія Станіславівна , Яцько Оксана Мирославівна , Галочкін Олександр Вікторович , Ковальчук Мирослав Любомирович , Шостачук Олександр Павлович
Published: September 2023

В роботі запропоновано використання лазерно-поляриметричного методу, який є більш інформативний в сенсі відображення оптично неоднорідних структур за рахунок використання просторово-когерентної фільтрації. Метод фільтрації полягає в тому, що просторово-частотна структура Фур’є-образів лазерних поляризаційних зображень полікристалічної складової полімерної кулі різна для його великомасштабної (з переважним лінійним двопроменеломленням) і дрібномасштабної (глибкоподібні з переважним круговим двопроменеломленням). Шляхом використання просторово-частотної фільтрації вдалося виділити або низькочастотні, або високочастотні компоненти, які шляхом зворотнього Фур’є перетворення можна перетворити на відповідні «відфільтровані» зображення різномасштабних анізотропних структур різної природи. Також наведено результати розробки нового методу Фур’є-Стокс-поляриметрії просторово-частотних спектрів лазерних поляризаційних зображень різних модельних об’єктів, що ґрунтується на використанні статистичного аналізу поляризаційних карт з визначенням статистичних моментів 1–4 порядків. Отримані результати дозволили виявити наступні діагностично чутливі параметри зміни двопроменезаломлення (анізотропії): відмінності статистичних моментів 3-го та 4-го порядків, які характеризують розподіл великомасштабної складової карти азимутів поляризації для обох типів мереж становлять від 2 до 3,5 разів, а статистичні моменти 2-го–4-го порядків поляризаційних розподілів мереж дрібномасштабної складової оптично анізотропних циліндрів становлять від 1,5 до 4 разів.
DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM AND DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF BICARBONATE IONS
Authors: Kontsevoi Serhii
Published: September 2023

Using carbonic acid to explain pH changes in aqueous solutions is invalid due to its undetectability under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Instead, two reversible reactions involving the decomposition of HCO3- ions into OH- and CO2 or H+ and  CO32- should be employed. The second reaction (H-mechanism) is well known as the basis for the second dissociation constant of “carbonic acid”. For the first reaction (OH-mechanism), the formula has been derived from the first imaginary constant of the same acid. That is, the researchers experimentally determined the proposed constant based on the results of pH value, CO2 and HCO3- concentrations, but calculated the imaginary constant from these values. The pH increase observed following filtration on the cationic resin in Na+ form is attributed to the weakened HCO3- decomposition via the H-mechanism, resulting in decreased H+ and CO32- concentrations. A significant decrease in Ca2+ concentration (from 5.0 to 0.05 mmol/dm3) is the main reason for the observed phenomenon, as it leads to a decrease in the driving force of calcium carbonate formation. The mechanism of bicarbonate ions decomposition based on two reactions has been confirmed experimentally. An increase in the pH of the mixture of CaCl2 and NaHCO3 solutions (both with the same pH and concentration) indicates the H-mechanism, while a decrease in the pH indicates the OH-mechanism decomposition of bicarbonate ions. The pH value at which the pH does not change indicates a change in the decomposition mechanism. The change in the HCO3- dissociation mechanism depends on hardness and alkalinity, and the pH of this change decreases from softened water (pH 8.30) to seawater (pH 7.5).
MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR CERAMIC MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS. SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Kyrii Svitlana
Published: September 2023

This article briefly overviews the main types of raw materials used to synthesise ceramic membranes. Traditional materials such as aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zeolites, and cost-effective materials like various clays and industrial waste are highlighted. Modern methods for producing high-performance ceramic membranes are discussed, including slip casting, tape casting, pressing, extrusion, solid state method etc. The general scheme for preparing a selective layer on a ceramic membrane using various methods for synthesising it is also examined. Furthermore, the cost of commercial ceramic membranes and influencing factors are analysed. Based on contemporary literature, ceramic membranes exhibit distinct advantages over polymer membranes with their potential for application under high temperature, high pressure, and aggressive environments. Additionally, their energy efficiency, compactness, and versatility make them a viable alternative for water purification, replacing more expensive methods like coagulation and adsorption. Ceramic membranes have become a competitive alternative to polymer membranes, showcasing unique material properties and excellent characteristics. Using cost-effective materials for ceramic membrane fabrication allows for utilisation in economically sensitive sectors. Such membranes demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and high permeability, while inexpensive materials can reduce costs. Current scientific research and developments focus on utilising various clays and waste materials to produce ceramic membranes, aiming to create new generations of ceramic membranes for environmentally friendly applications.
Insights into solid dosage forms with nonlinear optical imaging
Authors: Tomberg Teemu , Arbiol Enguita Alba Maria , Strachan Clare
Published: September 2023

Microscopic chemical and solid-state structures and their changes in solid drugs and dosage forms can profoundly affect pharmaceutical performance and patient safety. Despite this, their detailed spatially-resolved analysis can be difficult or impossible with established analytical technologies.  Multimodal non-linear optical imaging represents opportunities for sensitive and specific chemical and solid-state pharmaceutical imaging. Non-linear optical imaging encompasses several nonlinear optical phenomena, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and sum frequency/second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG). Imaging in 3D with (sub)micron resolution is rapid, non-destructive, possible in situ in aqueous media, and generally does not require prior sample preparation. This mini-review explores several applications of non-linear optical imaging for solid drug and dosage form analysis.
Future Opportunities in the Field of Drug Delivery Research
Authors: Kohn Joachim , Michniak-Kohn Bozena
Published: September 2023

Much of the priorities in drug delivery research are focused on targeted drug delivery for cancer therapies and a wide range of controlled drug release systems for commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this “thousand words article” we highlight some of the emerging health threats and future opportunities for drug delivery research. 
Important emerging health threats include viral pandemics beyond COVID, antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the need for new antifungal therapies, and emerging diseases caused by increasing pollution and climate change. Fundamentally new drugs may be needed. For example, one little known research effort focuses on the development of new antibiotics based on metal-organic frameworks. Finally, new delivery approaches will be needed.  This is illustrated by the development of a topical peptide delivery system as a wound dressing for burn patients, combining biotechnology (a new peptide) with polymer science (a new topical delivery system) to address a medical need (burn injury) for which there is currently no effective treatment. Another important trend is the shift in our collective understanding of impact, moving away from “counting papers” to considering the societal benefit of the research including its potential for commercialization. To remain relevant in the coming decade, we need to anticipate and embrace future challenges. This is particularly important for younger scientists.
Overcoming the barrier of skin to drug permeation for localized dermatological therapies
Authors: Michniak-Kohn Bozena , Kohn Joachim
Published: September 2023

Background. The skin’s uppermost layer, the stratum corneum is a very effective barrier against the penetration of compounds including pharmaceuticals and cosmetic actives. To deliver higher amounts of drugs into the skin layers or to deliver drugs deeper into the skin (e.g., into the dermis), several enhancement techniques have been established. These techniques include chemical penetration enhancers as well as physical techniques such as iontophoresis and microneedles. In addition, one of the newer approaches includes the use of nano-based carriers such as metallic nanoparticles and polymeric self-assembling nanospheres.
Methods. This mini-review explores this new approach of using nano-based drug carriers for skin penetration enhancement. In particular we will explore the use of gold nanoparticles as well as biocompatible tyrosine-derived polymeric nanoparticles known as Tyrospheres.
Results. The most investigated carriers in the class of metallic carriers are gold nanoparticles that can be used for both medical as well as diagnostic uses. Many investigators have reported that gold nanoparticles are able to enhance the skin transport and delivery of macromolecular and hydrophilic drugs. Meanwhile, for challenging highly lipophilic and/or unstable compounds such as adapalene and Vitamin D3 packaging them into polymeric nanocarriers such as Tyrospheres enables drug delivery to hair follicles, significantly increased aqueous solubility and resulted in elevated amounts of drug in targeted skin layers.
Conclusions. The relatively new approach of using nanotechnological approaches as a way of enhancement of drug delivery to skin shows significant promise over some other established techniques such as the addition of chemical penetration enhancers to formulations used for topical/transdermal uses.
Switched Auto-regressive Neural Control (S-ANC) for Energy Management of Hybrid Microgrid
Authors: Cavus Muhammed , Ugurluoglu Yusuf Furkan , Ayan Huseyin , Allahham Adib , Adhikari Kabita , Giaouris Damian
Published: September 2023

Switched model predictive control (S-MPC) and recurrent neural network with long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) are powerful control methods that have been extensively studied for energy management in microgrids (MGs). These methods are complementary in terms of constraint satisfaction, computational demand, adaptability, and comprehensibility, but typically one method is chosen over the other. The S-MPC method selects optimal models and control strategies dynamically based on the system’s operating mode and performance objectives. On the other hand, integration of auto-regressive (AR) with these powerful control methods improves prediction accuracy and system conditions’ adaptability. This paper compares the two approaches to control and proposes a novel algorithm called Switched Auto-regressive Neural Control (S-ANC) that combines their respective strengths. Using a control formulation equivalent to S-MPC and the same controller model for learning, the results indicate that pure RNN-LSTM cannot provide constraint satisfaction. The novel S-ANC algorithm can satisfy constraints and deliver comparable performance to MPC while enabling continuous learning. Results indicate that S-MPC optimization increases power flows within the MG, resulting in efficient utilization of energy resources. By merging the AR and LSTM, the model’s computational time decreased by nearly 47.2%. Also, this study evaluated our predictive model’s accuracy: (i) R-squared error is 0.951, indicating strong predictive ability, and (ii) mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) values of 0.571 indicate accurate predictions with minimal deviations from actual values.
Improved Separation in Horizontal Protein SDS-PAGE with Double-Deck Flat Electrodes and Field-Inversion Gel Electrophoresis Module
Authors: Lim Dong Woo , Han Kyung Ho , Yoon Tae-Sung , Sajjad Saba , Shin Heung-Seon , Kang Sunghyun
Published: September 2023

The horizontal flatbed electrophoresis system has been used for the electrophoresis of protein samples and is often preferred for a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In currently available equipment, cathode and anode electrodes were placed on top of a gel at each end. An electric field entered from the top of a gel, and its strength was relatively weaker in the bottom part of the gel. Such configuration caused migrating protein bands to lie down forward in the migrating direction. New electrodes, i.e., the clamp-shaped and the double-deck electrodes, were developed to simultaneously apply an electric field from the top and bottom of a gel. Electrophoretic separation with these electrodes made protein bands more focused and improved protein band resolutions. When the FIGE technique was tested together with new electrodes, protein bands were aligned nearly vertically and showed the best electrophoretic resolutions.
Mechanical Characterization of the Human Abdominal Wall Using Uniaxial Tensile Testing
Authors: Kriener Kyleigh , Lala Raushan , Homes Ryan Anthony Peter , Finley Hayley , Sinclair Kate , Williams Mason Kelley , Midwinter Mark John
Published: September 2023

It is generally accepted that the human abdominal wall is comprised of skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and their aponeuroses, and the parietal peritoneum. Understanding these layers and their mechanical properties provides valuable information to those designing procedural skills trainers, supporting surgical procedures (hernia repair), and engineering-based work (in silico simulation). However, there is little literature available on the mechanical properties of the abdominal wall in layers or as a composite. This work characterizes the tensile properties of the human abdominal wall by layer and as a partial composite. Tissues were collected from fresh-never-frozen and fresh-frozen cadavers and tested in uniaxial tension at a rate of 5 mm/min until failure. Stress-strain curves were created for each sample, and the values for elastic moduli, ultimate tensile strength, and strain at failure were obtained. The experimental outcomes from this study demonstrated variation of tensile properties within and between tissues. The data also suggest that the tensile properties of composite abdominal walls are not additive. Ultimately, this body of work contributes to a deeper comprehension of these mechanical properties and will serve to enhance patient care, refine surgical interventions, and assist with more sophisticated engineering solutions.
Inflammasome-Dependent Dysfunction and Death of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Repetitive Intraocular Pressure Spikes
Authors: Spurlock Markus , An Weijun , Reshetnikova Galina , Wen Rong , Wang Hua , Braha Michelle , Solis Gabriela , Kurtenbach Stefan , Galindez Orlando , De Rivero Vaccari Juan Pablo , Chou Tsung-Han , Porciatti Vittorio , Shestopalov Valery I.
Published: September 2023

Dysfunction and selective loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a known cause of vision loss in glaucoma and other neuropathies where ocular hypertension (OHT) is the major risk factor. We investigated the impact of transient non-ischemic OHT spikes (spOHT) on RGC function and viability in vivo to identify cellular pathways linking low-grade repetitive mechanical stress to RGC pathology. We found that repetitive spOHT had an unexpectedly high impact on intraocular homeostasis and RGC viability, while exposure to steady OHT (stOHT) of similar intensity and duration failed to induce pathology. The repetitive spOHT induced a rapid activation of the inflammasome, marked by the upregulation of NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2, caspases -1, -3/7, -8, gasdermin D (GsdmD) and the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other cytokines into the vitreous. Similar effects were also detected after 5 weeks of exposure to chronic OHT in an induced glaucoma model. The onset of these immune responses in both spOHT and glaucoma models preceded a 50% deficit in pattern electroretinograms (PERG) amplitude, and significant loss of RGCs at 7 days post-injury. Inactivation of inflammasome complexes in NLRP1-/- , Casp1-/- and GsdmD-/- knockout animals, significantly suppressed the spOHT induced inflammatory response and protected RGCs. Our results demonstrate that mechanical stress produced by acute repetitive spOHT or chronic OHT is mechanistically linked to inflammasome activation, which leads to RGC dysfunction and death.
Antimicrobial Activity of Bone Scaffolds Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles on Bacterial and Fungal Biofilm
Authors: Dantas Leticia Ramos , Kraft Letícia , Gonçalves Geiziane Aparecida , Ribeiro Victoria Stadler Tasca , Witt Maria Alice , Carneiro Everdan , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in dental and orthopedic materials. However, the impregnation of bone graft with silver nanoparticles has been poorly investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibiofilm activity of a bovine bone impregnated with silver nanoparticles. Methods: Bone scaffolds from cancellous bovine femur were used for the tests and impregnated with silver nanoparticles (50nm) by physical adsorption. Silver nitrate minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration were performed Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli. Disc diffusion tests for silver nanoparticles susceptibility and quantification of biofilm production on plate and bone with sessile cell count were also performed. Results: All pathogens were susceptible to silver with low minimal inhibitory concentration (0.25 – 4 mg/L). The scaffold impregnated with silver nanoparticles presented a significant reduction in the biofilm cells for all microorganisms with a reduction of more than 3 logs in colony forming units count. Conclusion: Bone scaffolds impregnated with silver nanoparticles can significantly reduce biofilm, and it can be a strategical material to be used as an implant for different approaches.
Probing the Essential Characteristics of Campus Culture in Chinese Vocational Colleges
Authors: Liu Fengcun , Li Shumei
Published: September 2023

A comprehensive understanding of the connotation and basic characteristics of campus culture in vocational colleges is a prerequisite for ensuring their sustainable development. Campus culture in vocational colleges is a concentrated reflection of their educational philosophy, ideal beliefs, and value pursuits. It possesses basic characteristics such as practicality, vocational orientation, ethics, contemporaneity, integration, and regionality.
The Influence of Fe Content on the Oxidation Evolution on Alloy X-750 in Simulated BWR Environment
Authors: Tuzi Silvia , Stiller Krystyna , Thuvander Mattias
Published: September 2023

This paper presents an investigation of the oxidation of Alloy X-750 containing 5% Fe in a simulated boiling water reactor (BWR) environment. To mimic the conditions in which the bare metal is exposed to the reactor water the samples were not pre-oxidized. The specimens were exposed for durations ranging from 2 to 840 hours, and the development of the oxide microstructure was mainly studied using electron microscopy. The results showed that the oxide scale consisted of blocky crystals of trevorite on top of a porous inner layer rich in Ni and Cr. After the longest exposure time, the trevorite crystals completely covered the specimen surface. The study further revealed that the speed at which the oxide grew and the metal dissolved both decreased with time. Additionally, the metal thinning process was found to be sub-parabolic. Given the significant variation in iron content in the X-750 specification, the influence of this element on the material's corrosion performance in BWR was examined by comparing the results from this investigation with those from previous work on material containing 8 wt% Fe. The study demonstrated that the oxide growth, metal dissolution and metal thinning were slower in the material with higher Fe content, indicating the importance of this element in limiting the degradation of Alloy X-750 in BWR environments.