bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical discharge machining of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites: a challenging approach
Authors: Gupta P K , Debnath K
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a hybrid machining method called electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) has been applied for making micron size holes in glass/epoxy composites. Initially, pilot experiments were conducted to check the feasibility of ECDM method for making a micro hole in glass/epoxy composites which is nonconductive in nature. Then the parametric investigations were conducted to analyse the influence of different parameters on the process performance. The influence of (i) applied voltage and (ii) pulse-on-time on (a) material removal rate (MRR) and (b) thickness of the heat-affected zone (THAZ) has been studied. It was identified that the ECDM method is a viable solution for making micron size holes in glass/epoxy composites.
Finite element analysis of taper ionic polymer metal composites energy harvester
Authors: Patel S N , Mukherjee S
Published: August 2019

This paper report our recent effort on tapered in thickness IPMC in connection with the application in energy harvesting. The ability of ionic polymer metal composites to generate electrical output under mechanical deformation exploited for the development of energy harvester. In this research, new geometry (other than the conventional one) of IPMC for energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations is proposed. Uniform as well as taper in thickness IPMC cantilever beams are modelled in COMSOL for capturing the voltage and power generated by the energy harvesters. Finite element results shows that voltage across the load for taper beam is slightly greater than the uniform beam by considering same boundary, geometry and material properties.
Macro & micro-feature fabrication on external cylindrical surface using perimetric electrical discharge texturing
Authors: Shekhawat MS , Mali HS , Rathore APS
Published: August 2019

Machining of thin walled lesser stiff rotationally symmetric components is quite challenging. Electric discharge texturing is one among many of the material removing texture fabrication techniques. Extensive research has been performed for wire electric discharge machining by various researchers but so far very little effort has been made for electric discharge texturing on cylindrical surface. No one has attempted for texturing on thin walled cylindrical components. In the present study, preliminary trial experiment was conducted to evaluate suitability of newly developed Electric Discharge Machining technique i.e. Perimetric Electric Discharge Texturing (PEDT). A Perimetric Work Support & Drive System (PWSDS) was developed for Die sinker EDM to perform texturing on thin walled difficult to machine circular components used in aviation, automobile and heat transfer applications. Experimental setup was prepared for ENC-35 (Die sinker EDM). Trial experiment were performed at low current on Aluminium alloy (EN AW-6082-AlSi1MgMn) tube using copper electrode. Process was investigated for the effect of current and current density on MRR, surface roughness and geometrical accuracies (circularity, concentricity). The dielectric Dearomatized hydrocarbon fluid EDM100 was applied through nozzle to flush out the material removed by melting and evaporation. It was found that very small current quickly removes a very thin layer of the surface material without much damage to the base metal and improves the surface finish. The circularity is found to be dependent upon the run out accuracy of the spinning drive wheel. PEDT proves out to be most promising method of metal removing texturing technique specially for lesser stiff typical components.
Experimental studies on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement for composite nano-structure coated copper heating surface
Authors: Kumar V , Gajghate S S , Nath U , Pal A , Bhaumik S , Das S
Published: August 2019

The present paper is based on experimental studies on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer enhancement of different surfaces using water as a base fluid at atmospheric pressure. The test surfaces for the experiments include untreated, treated, and treated with Aluminum-silver oxide composite thin film surfaces having nano-layer thickness of 180 nm and 260 nm. The thin films are prepared on copper substrate by electron beam evaporation technique. The characterization of the heated surfaces is done by using optical surface profilometer for surface roughness and sessile drop method for contact angle measurement. The experiment is conducted in a closed boiling chamber and the heat flux is varied from 141.524 - 1244.101 kW/m2 in time steps. The enhancement of heat transfer coefficient is found as 22.8%, 17.27% and 11.81% from the 260 nm, 180 nm composite nanostructured coated and treated surfaces respectively compared to plain surface. Enhancement in nanostructured coated surfaces is found higher due to the capillary effect, increased wettability and high active nucleate site density and the increased rate of bubble frequency.
Simulation based design of Production and Multi echelon supply chain network for job shop manufacturing environment: A Case Study
Authors: Sharma Janpriy , Jayant Arvind , Tyagi Mohit
Published: August 2019

Purpose- This study aims to design simulation-based production and multi echelon supply chain network of gear job shop manufacturing. Design/Methodology/approach – Network design and development by ARENA Rockwell automation studio 15.1 version. Findings- Study provide solution to low productivity and improper resources utilization within plant. Research/managerial implications – This study lightened the resources effective utilization and improved productivity without changing any routing, planning and operation timings for the existing network. Helps to curb inefficiencies in multi echelon supply chain network of job shop scenario. Utility of Paper – This paper explores the real job manufacturing environment, their implications and shortcomings. Results of this study shows improvement of key parameters which strengthen supply chain efficiency.
Design, Analysis and Manufacturing of Front Sprocket of a Bicycle using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Singh Joginder , Tyagi M R , Singh Gurpreet , Sharma Ravi Dutt
Published: August 2019

Sprocket is an essential part of a bicycle which converts rotating motion of the sprocket to linear movement of the bicycle. During operation, teeth of the sprocket mesh with the chain. Ride of a bicycle is a labour intensive process. Use of light materials parts in a bicycle instead of conventional materials can reduce a significant amount of weight, and rider need to apply lower force to drive it. In geared cycles, different sized sprockets are employed which incorporated a substantial amount of weight to it. Composite materials are very strong and lightweight materials. The strength to weight ratio of the composite materials is very high, and they are able to replace traditional metals and alloys in several applications. Along with strength, durability and lightweight, the use of composite material also improves the aesthetic look of the component. Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a high strength composite material that is used abundantly in various industries. In this work, virtual and experimental analysis of CFRP bicycle sprocket was carried out. The attributes showed by the CFRP sprocket were compared with the traditional sprocket. The problems faced by the CFRP sprocket fitted bicycle in real life conditions is also documented.
An investigation on film cooling with a coalition of forward and backward injection
Authors: Mishra M P , Chandel S , Sahani A K , Mittal Rajat
Published: August 2019

Full coverage film cooling, also known as effusion cooling, is used to protect combustor liner from high temperature gases in the gas turbine. Numerical analyses are carried out to investigate and compare cooling performance of two arrangements, namely mix and opposite injections composed of forward as well as backward injection holes. Mix injection arrangement consists of rows of cooling holes injecting in alternate backward and forward directions, while in opposite injection configuration holes inject just in the opposite directions. Computational study is carried out at various velocity ratios (VR) from 0.5 to 5.0. Forward and backward injecting cooling holes, in both the configurations, are inclined at 300 with respect to mainstream. Adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is estimated along stream wise as well as lateral directions. Except front few rows of cooling passages (holes), configuration with opposite injection shows superior cooling than mix injection at high velocity ratios. Developed effusion or diffusion film layer is seen for both mix and opposite injection configurations, at high velocity ratios, but it occurs bit early for opposite injection. In opposite injection, fluctuations in cooling effectiveness along stream wise direction are higher as compared to mix injection at all velocity ratios.
Effect of post weld thermal aging (PWTA) sensitization on micro-hardness and corrosion behavior of AISI 304 weld joints
Authors: Kumar M , Babbar A , Sharma A , Shahi A S
Published: August 2019

In present study, investigationhas been carried outto determine the effect of different post welding thermal aging techniques on Micro-hardness and corrosion behavior of the SS-304 weld joints. The corrosion behavior is investigated in terms of the degree of sensitization.The linear weld joints are fabricated using gas tungsten arc welding using double V groove edges with an overall heat input of 5.496KJ/mm. The post weld thermal aging is carried out by heating to the 650°Ctemperature for 30 and 120 minutes of soaking duration and then normalizing it.The DLEPRtechniqueis exploited to evaluate sensitization. The results revealed that Micro-hardness studies conclude that Micro-hardness values decrease due to sensitization conditions. The corrosion studies showed that thermally aged welds for shorter duration result into lesser DOS values than the thermally aged welds for longer duration which results into higher DOS value.
The numerical analysis on the buoyancy-driven conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow under the influence of magnetic field in the cubic cavity using OpenFOAM
Authors: Singh Ranjit J. , Gohil Trushar B.
Published: August 2019

The influence of Lorentz force on the heat propagation in the conjugate cavity with various Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha) is explored in this study. The conjugate thermal and electromagnetic coupling is considered for the fluid-wall interface in the present analysis and includes the wall thickness within the computational domain. The computation of electric potential field and conduction heat transfer is enabled in the wall domain. The numerical code for conjugate buoyancy-driven convective flow with magnetohydrodynamics principle is developed on the open source platform OpenFOAM. The developed solver is capable to simulate steady and unsteady flows on complex geometry. The influence of thermal Rayleigh number (Ra) on the fluid flow is also investigated in this study for different Ra range. The outer vertically opposite side walls are kept isothermal and remaining outer walls are maintained as thermally insulated. The inner vertically opposite walls are kept thermally conductive and other walls of the fluid domain are maintained as insulated. The magnetic field is actuated normal to the temperature gradient in the range of Ha = 0 - 100, with corresponding Rayleigh number of Ra = 104 – 106. The enforced magnetic field on the enclosure generates the Lorentz force, which is the consequence of the interaction between electric current and magnetic field. The generated Lorentz force is responsible for the retardation in the heat and fluid flow and hence the Nusselt number.
Determination of Lemaitre damage parameters for DP590 steel using Teacher-Learner based optimization
Authors: Verma Ashwani , Saxena Ravindra K.
Published: August 2019

Dual phase (DP) steel is widely used in high strength applications. The components or parts some-times damage under the applied load during the production stage or the service stage. The damage behaviour of material under such loading conditions need to be analysed. The finite element analysis of the component and/or material incorporating the damage model is a useful step. The determination of parameters of the damage model envisages the application of such models into the numerical analysis. The present work proposes a model to determine the parameters of the Lemaitre damage model using the “Teacher-Learner based optimization” (TLBO) algorithm and the finite element method. The model simulates the tensile test and predicts the flow curve till fracture to determine the optimum set of parameters for the Lemaitre damage model. The proposed model incorporating uncoupled TLBO algorithm and finite element method is a general model and can be effectively employed to determine the values of the unknown parameters for the model.
Effect of material hardness, counter-face hardness and load on the tribological properties of virgin and glass filled PTFE using Taguchi Approach
Authors: Khan M Jebran , Gandotra Himanshu , Saleem S Shahid , Wani M F
Published: August 2019

The present paper aims at evaluating the tribological performance of virgin and glass fiber filled PTFE against different steel counterfaces to co-relate the effect of material and counterface hardness on friction and wear performance. The influence of load on friction and wear of virgin and glass fiber filled PTFE is also studied. The experiments were designed according to Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array and conducted on a pin on disc reciprocating tribometer. Analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of various parameters on coefficient of friction and wear rate. The results revealed that the counterface hardness is the dominant factor affecting the COF and the material hardness is the dominant factor influencing the wear rate. Regression analysis was carried out to predict the outcomes of the experiments. The predicted and measured values show a good degree of proximity. Further, confirmation tests were also conducted with the random parameter combinations for validation of the regression equations. Furthermore, contour plot analysis has also been carried out to ascertain the ranges of COF and wear rate for different settings of control factors.
Numerical studies on the near wall y+ effect on heat and flow characteristics of the cross flow tube bank
Authors: Mangrulkar C K , Abraham J D , Dhoble A S
Published: August 2019

The use of passive mode of heat transfer enhancement are most commonly used for the performance improvement with conservation of conventional fuels. In recent times, to visualize the insight of fluid flow analysis, the numerical simulations are mostly preferred. The number of grid points present in the in the fluid domain near the wall governs the accuracy and precision of the numerical study. Hence in the present study, three different near wall grid systems are consider to evaluate its effect on Nusselt number friction factor for the staggered tube bank arrangements. It is reported that y+ as 10, insensitive to boundary layer effects at higher flow rate, while y+ as 1.0, and 0.10 are in close approximation.
Proton conducting reversible SOFC integrated in a solar thermal power generation system
Authors: Ghosh Angshuman , Roy Dibyendu , Ghosh Sudip
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel solar thermal power generation system that employs a proton conducting reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC-H) and a hybrid photovoltaic thermal module. The photovoltaic thermal module supplies electrical power to the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) while operating in electrolysis mode. The stored fuel (Hydrogen), generated by electrolysis mode is utilised to generate power in fuel cell mode. Electrochemical modelling and analysis of RSOFC-H is presented in this paper. The working condition of the system is: as a solid oxide steam electrolyser (SOSE) mode during the day time and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode during night time. Performance analysis of RSOFC-H has been conducted under varying operating and design parameters, such as current density and cell temperature. In SOSE mode of operation, efficiency has been observed to be almost constant with the variation of current density and it is obtained to be 78.31%. During SOFC mode of operation, maximum efficiency obtained is to be 64.62% at cell temperature of 873K and current density of 500A/m2.
Tribological Properties of Some Fatty Acids
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Wani M.F , Mannekote Jagadeesh K. , Kailas Satish V.
Published: August 2019

The tribological properties of commonly available fatty acids like Palmatic acid, Oleic acid, Myristic acid, Lauric acid and Steric acid were tested. The fatty acids significantly influence the friction and wear characteristics of vegetable oils. Four ball wear test apparatus was used to carry out tribological tests by varying the normal load. Oleic acid shows the lower coefficient of friction at 100N load because due to the formation of physisorbed layer at low loads. Among the tested fatty acids the descending trend of coefficient of friction shown is as follows: Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid and Stearic acid. Optical microscopy was used to study the wear scar. It was found that the coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter of fatty acids are influenced by chain length, degree of saturation and polarity of fatty acids.
Performance evaluation of shock tube with helium and carbon dioxide using numerical simulation
Authors: Ananthu JP , Asok Kumar N
Published: August 2019

This work deals with the performance of the shock tube with helium and carbon dioxide as working fluids at different diaphragm pressure ratios using numerical simulation. A two-dimensional planar geometry of the shock tube is considered for the study. An inviscid time accurate model is developed to find the effects of diaphragm pressure ratios on the shock Mach number, temperature behind the incident and reflected shocks.. This numerical model is validated analytically as well as experimentally with air as working gas. Simulations were conducted for same and different driver/driven gas combinations with helium and carbon dioxide test gases using this model. Simulations were carried out using CFD solver FLUENT. Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) technique was applied to accurately capture and resolve shock and contact discontinuities. At lower pressure ratios the different gas model is able to produce 20.4% and at higher diaphragm pressure ratios up to 33% increase in shock Mach number when compared to the similar driver-driven gas model.
System Availability Assessment and Optimization of Repairable Cooling Module of HVAC System using PSO Algorithm
Authors: Chaudhary Rajneesh , Tewari P.C. , Modgil Vikas
Published: August 2019

Availability is the main scopes of system execution under the explicit states of working. Any mechanical system contains subsystems orchestrated in arrangement, parallel or half and half setup of the subsystems. Along these lines, the concern for achieving higher availability in manufacturing activities has a significant role. In the proposed research work deals with numerical and simulation modeling of condenser manufacturing system along with its subsystems. These numerical equations are solved by using the Markov Model (MM) with normalizing conditions. Also, the study has attempted to present an effective tool for improving the quality of condenser manifold assembly by executing a meta-heuristic algorithm i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The performances of each subsystem are analyzed by its Failure Rate (FR) and Repair Rate (RR), the optimal FR and RR is achieved by the proposed PSO algorithm and its efficiency is compared with the existing algorithm.
“Optimization of Transesterification Reaction Parameters For Fish Oil Biodiesel Production: A Response Surface Methodology Approach”
Authors: Amruth E , Sudev L J
Published: August 2019

The Fish oil was used to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction with methanol as a solvent in presence of a mixture of sodium hydroxide & di-sodium orthophosphate as catalyst concentrations (mixed base catalyst). The optimization of transesterification reaction parameters were done using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) tool. Three process variables were assessed viz., Methanol to Oil Ratio (MOR), Reaction Time (RT) & Reaction Temperature (RTE). To get maximum yield of fish oil biodiesel (FOB), 20 experiments were designed and conducted. A yield of 94.6% FOB was obtained during the transesterification process carried out at the optimized reaction parameters viz., 7.5:1 MOR, 45 minutes RT & 70°C RTE. Statistical analysis of the predicted model by RSM revealed a good agreement between the observed and predicted values. Present research is successful in effectively using RSM tool for optimization of transesterification reaction parameters.
Thermal prediction and experimental validation of Friction Stir Welded Aerospace Grade Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Vasanthakumar P. , Sekar K. , Jayantherababu J.
Published: August 2019

An integrated three-dimensional Friction Stir Welding (FSW) model with moving coordinate system is developed for aerospace grade aluminium alloy. Most of the previous researcher’s work was based on the friction or stick and slip phenomenon with material modeling. In this present study, 3D heat transfer model is developed and integrated with both friction and stick-slip phenomenon using comsol multiphysics. The experiment was conducted on aerospace grade aluminium alloy 7075 with weld specimen size of 200mm X 100mm X 3mm. The temperature was recorded during welding with the help of high-temperature computerized data acquisition system (CDAQ 9212) in order to understand the thermal history of alloy at the pre-specified location. The recorded temperature values are validated with computed values. The measured temperature values at all thermocouple location in advancing side with error between 0.63 to 5.8 %, when compared with computed temperature.
Vibrations signature analysis of whirling shaft of varying diameters operated at varying speeds
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Sehgal Rakesh , Singh Sanpreet
Published: August 2019

Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon in which oscillation occurs about equilibrium points. It is a displacement or movement in one direction and then back to again in the opposite direction. For example, the musical Instruments that may be plucked. With the passage or Era of time vibration has become major issue for the machinery and industries. Everyone knows that the vibration has some merits and demerits. But in modern technology age we can never eliminate whole vibrations in a machine. Some specific amount of vibration depending upon the quantity always remains there. This paper tries to focus on the analysis of the effects produced on the whirling shaft of different diameters while running at the different speeds. The objective of the study is to find the effect of different diameters rotating at different speeds on the amplitude and natural frequency of the shaft. Also forced vibration analysis of the shaft is done. Some parameters are also studied that are responsible for the failure of the system before breakdown, and the effect of the resonance frequency of the shaft. Using the vibscanner instrument a spectrograph is produced to the study the effects on amplitude and natural frequency of the whirling shaft. vibration factors on it. This spectrograph is transferred to computer with the help of OMNITREND to better analyze the data.
Comparative Analysis of Non-linear Periodic Response of Cross-ply and Angle-ply Laminated Composite Plates
Authors: Saood Ahmad , Khan Arshad H , Khan Ahmad A
Published: August 2019

Non-linear periodic response periodic response analysis of laminated structures is necessary for their optimal and safe dynamic design. The present work is intended to explore the influence of lamination scheme and fibre-orientation on the nonlinear forced vibration response of laminated plates. The analysis has been carried out using finite element. In present work, a comparative analysis of forced vibration response between cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates have been explored. The effects of fiber orientation on non-linear forced vibration response characteristics have been analyzed. This finite element analysis has been done using shooting method along with continuation scheme in the time domain. The method employed is capable to get the complete stable and unstable branches past bifurcations. The dynamic behavior is explored using the temporal history of the response and phase plane plots. The method presented in the paper is computationally efficient and does not require apriori assumption on the participating modes, unlike harmonic balance and incremental harmonic balance methods.
Evolution, principles and recent trends in reconfigurable manufacturing system
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Goyal Kapil , Batra N.K.
Published: August 2019

In today’s era, the companies need to respond rapidly to the new product introduction, mix and demand changes to stay competitive. It has been very well accepted that traditional manufacturing systems are not suitable to offer an edge in such a competitive market. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) appear to be a most promising mechanism for enabling the manufacturing sector to be more competitive and sustain itself in the tough global scenario. This manuscript attempts to survey the characteristics of RMS and evolution of research to improve the practical applicability of RMS. Further the recent trends of reconfigurable manufacturing system in the present context have also been discussed along with the future research directions.
A Comparative Investigation on D.I. Diesel by Using Different Blends of Diesel-Biodiesel-Additives: Performance and Emission Based Trade-off Analysis
Authors: Kumar panda Jibitesh , Sastry G.R.K. , Naresh Rai Ram
Published: August 2019

Looking at the energy situations and global warming concerns, research on non-conventional and alternative fuel resources has ignited targeted to reduce emission and persistent dependence on conventional fuels for sectors like transportation, power generation and agriculture. The primary objective of this research is to design an alternative fuel having additive 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate of high cetane number and additive triacetin of low cetane number blended with palm kernel to analyse exhaust emission characteristics and engine performance. For the purpose, biodiesel made from palm kernel was added to pure diesel along with 20% (by volume) of two different additives (2-Ethylhexyl nitrate, triacetin). As compared with pure diesel, some of our fuel blends show better performance and have low emission which is much needed in the present scenario.
Genetic polymorphisms of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes associated with milk components in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle under an intensive management in Central Java
Authors: Anggraeni Anneke
Published: August 2019

Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 (OLR1) gene serves to encode the binding vascular surface receptors and to degrade the oxidized low-density lipoprotein. In dairy cattle a nucleotide mutation at 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene results in C allele of which related to higher milk fat content than A allele. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has a K232A mutation of which K allele also associated with higher milk fat content against A allele. This study was aimed to study the association of variant genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes on milk fat and other milk components in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. The target of this research was to obtain genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 gene affecting highly to milk fat content and other milk components in domestic HF cattle. Animals observed were Holstein Friesian (HF) lactating cows for 53 heads kept intensively at one government dairy station at BBPTU Baturraden, Central Java. Base mutations at 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene and at K232A mutation of the DGAT1 gene were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) techniques. Allele frequency of the base mutation of each gene was analyzed by PopGen 32 program. Milk components of fat, protein, solid non-fat (SNF) and lactose were generated from daily milk test for morning, afternoon and average of both. Study of the association of variant genotypes of the OLR1 and DGAT1 genes on individual milk component was analyzed by GLM considering the fixed effects of lactation period (1-3, 4-6), calving season (1-4 mo., and 5-8 mo.) and calving year (2011, 2012). Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to test significant differences of the averages among subclasses. The OLR1 gene resulted in A allele and C allele of whose the frequencies were respectively 0.457 and 0.543, while the DGAT1 gene resulted in A allele and K allele with the frequencies respectively 0.426 and 0.575. Variant genotypes of the OLR1 gene gave a significant different on milk fat production (P<0.05). Genetic polymorphism of the OLR1 gene had a significant effect on milk fat content in the noon, the highest was for CC genotype, followed by AC, and the lowest was AA, with the fat contents of CC and AC genotypes higher to AA one by 4.87% and 1.38% respectively. However variant genotypes of the OLR1 gene had no significant effect on other milk components (P>0.05). Similarly, variant genotypes of the DGAT1 gene consisting of genotype AK and genotype KK did not significantly affect on all of milk components. It was concluded that there was a fairly good control of the OLR1 gene to fat content in HF cows. The base mutation at the 3′UTR location of the OLR1 gene can be considered as an initial information in developing a genetic assisted selection (GAS) technique for milk fat content in domestic HF cows.
Effect of FSH dosage on the number and quality of Pesisir cattle embryos
Authors: Syaiful F L , Afriani T , Purwati E
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the effect of FSH supplementation on the resulting number and quality of super-ovulated Pesisir cattle embryos. This study aims investigates the effect of FSH supplementation on the resulting number and quality of super-ovulated Pesisir cattle embryos. After progesterone therapy fifteen Pesisir cattle were each given five injections of FSH followed by AI with Simmental semen. Embryos were flushed out on the sixth to eighth day after AI and counted and graded under a microscope. Cows given 16 ml and 12 ml of FSH produced the highest percentage of A quality embryos (22% and 20% respectively) while no high-quality embryos were collected from those given 14 ml FSH. 12 ml FSH treatment resulted in the highest number of B quality embryos (20%) while a14 ml dose produced less than 7%. One-third of the embryos resulting from 14 ml FSH were C grade but 12 and 16 ml dosages resulted in no embryos of this grade. The highest numbers of degraded embryos were found from cows given 12 ml (60%), while the lowest from cows given 14 ml (33.33%). The percentage of the recovered ovum that remained unfertilized from cows treated with 16 ml, 14 ml, and 12 ml were 33.3%, 66.7%, and 0% respectively. While 14ml dosages of FSH resulted in the highest number of embryos, the higher embryo from a 16 ml FSH suggests that this dosage will produce superior results.
Comparison of in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics between the tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) with elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum)
Authors: Jamarun Novirman , Pazla Roni , Zain Mardiati , Arief
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) on in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics. This research was carried out using a randomized block design with 3 treatments (the level of tithonia and elephant grass) and 5 replications. The following treatments were performed: T1 = 100% tithonia; T2 = 100% elephant grass; T3 = 50% tithonia + 50 % elephant grass. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between the treatment means were tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The parameters measured were as follows: dry matter digestibility (DMD) (%), organic matter digestibility (OMD) (%), pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) (mM) and NH3. The results revealed that DMD, OMD and VFA were significantly (P<0.01) increased by the 100 % tithonia (T1), pH were lowest (P<0.01) in T1. However, T1 and T3 non-significantly affected (P>0.05) NH3 Concentration. 100% tithonia resulted in the best in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics.
The effect of cocoa pod fermentation with mol of rumen content on fiber fraction component and in vitro digestibility
Authors: Nurhaita  , Definiati Neli , Ali Akbar Syahro , Santoso Urip
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the fiber fraction component and in-vitro digestibility of cocoa pod husk fermented by local microorganisms (MOL), namely the rumen contents. The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments of 4 replications each. The dose of MOL to ferment pod cocoa was as follows A: 0 ml/kg of substrate, B: 3 ml/kg of substrate C: 6 ml/kg substrate, D: 9 ml/kg of substrate, and E: 12 ml/kg of substrate. The parameters measured were the fiber fraction component of fermented cocoa pod and in vitro digestibilities of dry matters and NDF. The results showed that the dose of MOL significantly (P<0.05) affected The NDF, ADF and hemicellulose contents, but it had no effect on cellulose and lignin contents (P>0.05). In vitro dry matters and NDF digestibilities were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. In conclusion, fermentation by MOL at a dosage of 12 ml/kg substrate reduced fiber fraction component and increased in–vitro digestibilities of dry matter and NDF.
Effect of addition garlic flour as feed additive in digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of native chicken crossbred
Authors: Sjofjan O , Irfan H D , Halim M H , Hanitawati  , Teguh H
Published: August 2019

The research purpose was to determine the garlic flour effect as the feed additive on digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of broiler. The research method was used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. The materials used for this research were 300 unsex day old chicks with native chicken crossbreed strain with average body weight 40.11±9.13 g/head. The treatments used for research were dietary with T0 (basal feed), T1 (basal feed + 0.25% garlic flour), T2 (basal feed + 0.30% garlic flour), T3 (basal feed + 0.35% garlic flour), T4 (basal feed + 0.40% garlic flour). The parameters observed were digesta viscosity, intestinal characteristic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp.), and (villus length, crypt depth, and villus surface). The data analysis was the analysis of variance (Anova) and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that using the garlic flour effect as feed additive has significant difference (P<0.05) on viscosity digesta, intestinal characteristic (crypt depth and villus surface) (Salmonella sp.) and significantly different (P<0.01) (Lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli). The addition of 0.45% garlic flour gave the best effect on digesta viscosity, microflora, and intestinal characteristic of native chicken.
Influence of addition of chicken manure and tithonia on quality of liquid fertilliser made from organic waste
Authors: Zulkarnaini  , Syafrizal
Published: August 2019

Indonesian’s waste production continues to grow as the population increases. Organic waste such as leaves and food waste generally decomposes and can be composted simply with the use of barrels and buckets. Effective Microorganism 4 bioactivator can accelerate this process. This research was conducted to discover if addition of Tithonia diversifolia and chicken manure could increase the nutrients from liquid fertilizer and solid compost. Complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was used as follows: A = 100% organic waste (control), B = 60% waste + 28% tithonia + 12% manure, C = 60% waste + 32% tithonia + 8% manure and D = 60% waste + 36% tithonia + 4% manure. The results showed that the addition of manure and tithonia increased N, P and K in liquid fertilizer. The highest increase in N and P occurred with treatment D, and K with treatment C.
The effect of whippy cream adding on the quality of frozen soyghurt as symbiotic ice cream
Authors: Aritonang Salam N , Roza Elly , Rossi Evy
Published: August 2019

The presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in food is very important, as most of these LAB have beneficial effects in human body, so most LAB are generally potential as probiotics. This study aims to determine the quality of frozen soyghurt/synbiotic ice cream with the addition of whipping cream. Synbiotics is an ingredient and foods that contain both probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplement in the gastro intestinal tract. Prebiotics is a non-digestible food ingredient such as oligosaccharides substrates that match the enzymatic glycosidies hydrolase capacity of health promotion bacteria, that elicits the selective stimulation of growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of microbial genus/species in the gut microbiota that convers health benefits to the host. Soyghurt is one of the ingredients that includes synbiotics. This study began by making a synbiotic drink/soyghurt by inoculating Streptococcus thermophillus and probiotics isolated from okara is Lactobacillus plantarum SRCM 1 004 34 strain into a mixture of cow’s milk and soy milk containing prebiotic, and then freezing it so that it is expected to produce a healthy Synbiotic Ice cream. This research was conducted experimentally using Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment is the addition of whipping cream with Soyghurt with the ratio: A = Whipping cream:Soyghurt (10:90), B = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (20:80) C = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (30:70) and D = Whippy cream:Soyghurt (40:60). The variable was observed the quality of frozen soyghurt that consisted of protein and fat content, pH, Lactic Acid Bacteria count, overrun, melting point and sensoryc evaluation. The result of the research indicated that the adding of whipping cream in frozen soyghurt making was significantly increased fat content, pH, overrun, melting point, texture and decreased protein content, Lactic Acid Bacteria count and flavour of frozen soyghurt. The conclusion is the addition of whipping cream up to 40% (D) has produce frozen soyghurt with good quality yet.
The sustainability index of dairy cattle area in Padang Panjang City
Authors: Hellyward James , Suyitman  , Rachmat Arif
Published: August 2019

This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of dairy cattle based livestock areas in Padang Panjang City West Sumatera from the five dimensions of sustainability (ecology, economics, socio-cultural, technological-infrastructure, and legal-institutional) and identifies key influential factors in the future development of the system. This research uses Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method of analysis which results are expressed in the form of sustainability index. The result of the index of sustainability using approach Rapid Appraisal of Dairy Cattle Breeding System yielded the value of 55.09. Based on these values, the sustainability index of dairy cattle breeding system in Padang Panjang City is categorized as “quite sustainable”. An increase in the value of the sustainability index can be done by improving the 15 sensitive attributes of 45 attributes of the system’s sustainability assessment. Analysis of dependency between factors using prospective analysis resulted in 7 (seven) key factors influencing the development of dairy farming system. The key factors are: (1) milk price, (2) feeding capacity, (3) feed industry, (4) utilization of livestock waste, (5) job socialization, (6) development of cooperative, and (7) microfinance (bank/credit). In order to improve the sustainability status for the future (long term), the scenario that needs to be done is a progressive-optimistic scenario by making a thorough improvement on all the sensitive attributes in enhancing the status of the region.
The Best Preload of Bolted Joint Plate for Anti-resonance
Authors: Wu Songjian , Liu Wenguang , Wang Xiaoting
Published: August 2019

Based on the problem of modal frequencies variation of bolted joint plate caused by the variation of bolt preloads, the purpose of this article is to propose a method of finding the best preload of bolted joint plate. Firstly, a modal analysis experimental system of bolted joint plates was set up. Subsequently, the modal frequency test of some bolted joint plates are completed. A method for designing the best preload of bolted joint plate was proposed in the end. Results indicate that the bolt preload has certain influence on modal frequency of bolted joint plate. The process of applying a preload to the bolt is regarded as the tightening of a bolt from loosen state to tighten state. As two loosen bolts are simultaneously tightened into tighten bolts, the modal frequencies is increased with a big magnitude. However, as one of loosen bolt is tightened to tighten bolt, but the other is unchanged, the modal frequencies is increased with a small magnitude. The sensitivity of first four modal frequencies of the jointed plate are different to the bolt preload. Therefore, working environment and working force of jointed plate must be considered in the dynamic design. Based on the experimental result, a best bolt preload design method of bolted joint plate in the dynamic design can be proposed.
Design and Developed of High Performance Rotary Head Module for Core Drill Rig
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Jung Dong Won
Published: August 2019

Fossil fuel, especially oil, represents the engine of nowadays life. Oil companies work hard in order to extract it from subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs. The operations at which oil is being extracted from these reservoirs are referred to as drilling operations. Drilling operations are per-formed with the means of drilling rigs. However, due to the high demand for oil, drilling for oil becomes more challenging and oil companies are always looking for the most effective extraction methods and are they moving toward the precious control of the drilling operation for different type of requirement and conditions. This paper aimed for the manufacturing of High-performance Rotary Head module of Core Drill equipment which is used for geological purposes. The fallow target criteria will be going to achieve which includes the rotation speed, rotation torque, gripping force, and speed change at different stages. In our study we find out that the rotational speed of head is greater than 1200 rpm and maximum torque generated is greater than 160 kgf.m also the drill rod breaking power is equal or higher than 6 ton. After the complete study it is certain that the rotary head module will be used for future use.
Effect of working environment on C/C composite finger seal performance
Authors: Wang L N , Sun L C , Meng D H , Sun W , Qi L
Published: August 2019

With the development of the technology, the working conditions, which include high temperature, assembly and working state, have important influence on the dynamic performance of finger seal. Therefore, it is necessary to consider above factors together when the finger seal performance is carried out. But so far, the finger seal performance under considering several factors together have not been investigated. Based on this, the material parameters, which are needed in the dynamic performance analysis process of C/C composite finger seal, are obtained by the tribology test of C/C composite. Then the equivalent dynamic model of finger seal based on distributed masses is established under considering the rotor incline, temperature, assembly and impact together. And the dynamic performance of finger seal is analyzed by the model. The results are shown that the above working states have complex influence on the finger seal performance. Meanwhile, the leakage performance of finger seal is compared with those of labyrinth seal in the bearing chamber working environment, and the advantage of finger seal is represented. The dynamic performance analysis of finger seal under considering complex working states is carried out, and the theory research system of finger seal is further improved.
Natural frequencies of a Timoshenko beam subjected to axial forces by the differential transform method
Authors: Bensabri Omar , Yu Jingjun
Published: August 2019

Rotating beams are extensively used in different mechanical and aeronautical installations. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented in order to solve the eigenvalues problem through the Timoshenko beam theory. The equations of motion are deduced by using the Hamiltonian approach. These equations are then solved by the differential transform method (DTM). The obtained numerical results using DTM are compared with the exact solution. Natural frequencies are determined, and the effects of the rotational speed and axial force on the natural frequencies are investigated. Results show high accuracy and efficiency of the differential transform method.
Bond characteristics of Al/Mg clad materials produced by vacuum roll bonding
Authors: Shu J F , Yamaguchi T K
Published: August 2019

The A1050/AZ31 clad materials were produced by vacuum roll bonding. The effects of rolling temperature and reduction rate on the interface of A1050/AZ31 clad materials were investigated, and the fracture behaviors of A1050/AZ31 interface were studied. A very thin intermetallic compound layer was formed at the A1050/AZ31 interface at rolling temperature of 350°C and reduction rate of 25%. Therefore the A1050/AZ31 interface mainly was ductile fracture, and the average tensile strength of A1050/AZ31 interface reached the maximum (43MPa). When the rolling temperature was 450°C and the reduction rate was 25%, the fracture occurred on the brittle intermetallic compound Al3Mg2 layer (thickness 7.68μm) and Al12Mg17 layer (thickness 1.95μm), mainly on Al3Mg2 layer, and the average tensile strength of A1050/AZ31 interface reached the minimum (0.61MPa).
Synthesis of N-doped TiO2 Nanoparticle by Solvothermal Method for Dye Treatment
Authors: Samangsri S , Chiarakorn S , Areerob T
Published: August 2019

Nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (NT) was synthesized by solvothermal method. Titanium (IV) butoxide (TBOT) was used as a titanium source and diethyleneamine (DEA) was used as a nitrogen source. The DEA concentration was fixed at 5% mol. The effect of the synthesized temperatures was studied (150 °C to 200 °C). The characterization results showed that the XRD patterns of NT synthesized by solvothermal method exhibited only anatase structure of TiO2 at 25.56° (101), 37.76° (004), 48.04° (200), 48.18° (105), 54.06° (211), 55.24° (204), 62.76° (116), 69.04° (220), 70.32° (215) and 75.30° (303). The crystallite sizes of NT (13-14 nm) were smaller than that of TiO2 (22.39 nm) while the surface area of NT (31-47 m2g−1) was larger than that of TiO2 (6.42 m2g−1). This indicated that doping N on TiO2 had a significant effect on crystallite size and surface area of TiO2. The photocatalytic activities of NT were evaluated by decolorization of 10−5 M methylene blue (MB) under LED visible light irradiation. The result showed that the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 was significantly improved by N dopant with the efficiency of 90%. However, the synthesized temperatures had no significant effect on the physical properties and the photocatalytic reactivity of NT.