bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Birth of a Relativistic Jet Following the Disruption of a Star by a Cosmological Black Hole
Authors: Pasham Dheeraj , Lucchini Matteo , Laskar Tanmoy , Gompertz Benjamin , Srivas Shubham , Nicholl Matt , Smartt Stephen , Miller-Jones James , Alexander Kate , Fender Rob , Smith Graham , Fulton Michael , Dewangan Gulab , Gendreau Keith , Rhodes Lauren , Horesh Assaf , Velzen Sjoert van , Sfaradi Itai , Guolo Muryel , Segura N. Castro , Aamer Aysha , Anderson Joseph , Arcavi Iair , Brennan Seán , Chambers Kenneth , Charalampopoulos Panos , Chen Ting-Wan , Clocchiatti Alejandro , de Boer Thomas , Dennefeld Michel , Ferrara Elizabeth , Galbany Lluís , Gao Hua , Gillanders James , Goodwin Adelle , Gromadzki Mariusz , Huber M , Jonker Peter , Joshi Manasvita , Kara Erin , Killestein Thomas , Kosec Peter , Kocevski Daniel , Leloudas Giorgos , Lin Chien-Cheng , Margutti Raffaella , Mattila Seppo , Moore Thomas , M\”uller-Bravo Tom\’as , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Oates Samantha , Onori Francesca , Pan Yen-Chen , Torres Miguel Perez , Rani Priyanka , Remillard Ronald , Ridley E , Schulze Steve , Sheng Xinyue , Shingles Luke , Smith Ken , Steiner James , Wainscoat Richard , Wevers Thomas , Yang Sheng
Published: June 2022

The tidal forces of a black hole can rip apart a star that passes too close to it, resulting in a stellar Tidal Disruption Event (TDE, (1)). In some such encounters, the black hole can launch a powerful relativistic jet (2-6). If this jet fortuitously aligns with our line of sight, the overall brightness is Doppler boosted by several orders of magnitude. Consequently, such on-axis relativistic TDEs have the potential to unveil cosmological (redshift z>1) quiescent black holes and are ideal test beds to understand the radiative mechanisms operating in super-Eddington jets. Here, we present multi-wavelength (X-ray, UV, optical, and radio) observations of the optically discovered transient AT 2022cmc at z=1.193 (7). Its unusual X-ray properties, including a peak observed luminosity of >1048 erg s-1, systematic variability on timescales as short as 1000 seconds, and overall duration lasting more than 30 days in the rest-frame are traits associated with relativistic TDEs. This makes AT 2022cmc only the fourth member of this rare class and the first one identified in the optical and with well-sampled optical data. The X-ray to radio spectral energy distributions spanning 5-50 days after discovery can be explained as synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet (radio), synchrotron self-Compton (X-rays), and thermal emission similar to that seen in low-redshift TDEs (UV/optical). Our modeling implies a beamed, highly relativistic jet akin to blazars (e.g., (8,9)) but requires extreme matter-domination, i.e, high ratio of electron-to-magnetic field energy densities in the jet, and challenges our theoretical understanding of jets. This work provides one of the best multi-wavelength datasets of a newborn relativistic jet to date and will be invaluable for testing more sophisticated jet models, and for identifying more such events in transient surveys.
The phylogeny of host choice in a global agricultural pest undergoing sympatric speciation.
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney
Published: June 2022

The threat of invasive species is increasing with the expansion of global trade and habitat disruption. A recent example is the spread of fall armyworm (FAW), a noctuid moth native to the Americas, into most of the Eastern Hemisphere with projections of significant economic losses. The species is subdivided into two populations that differ in their plant host specificity. However, inconsistencies in the genetic and phenotypic definitions of these “host strains” has led to controversy about their existence, which could significantly impact current monitoring and mitigation protocols. Here is described a phylogenetic definition of the host strains that confirm their relevance and provide improved quantification of their genetic differentiation and selection pressures. The results support the traditional view of these populations being at an intermediate stage of sympatric speciation driven by differential host use while also describing a new approach to investigate the evolution of this important global pest.
A Multi-Scale Cross Attention Network to fuse multi-features for smoke detection
Authors: Ye Mengqi , Luo Yanmin
Published: June 2022

Motion feature is the basic feature of smoke in the sequence. The spatial feature and color feature of smoke can be helpful to extract the motion feature of smoke. In this paper, we study how to express the three features of smoke and how to integrate these features effectively. We propose a Multi-Scale Cross Attention Net(MSCANet) to extract the three features of smoke and establish the relationship between the three features. It is composed of Multi-Scale Convolution Module(MSCM) and Cross Attention Module(CAM). MSCM uses convolution kernels of different size to extract feature mapping in different receptive fields,which can capture the global and local features of each smoke image. We establish three MSCM to extract three features independently, and the convolution parameters of different MSCM are not shared, which can realize the independence of different feature extraction. CAM uses the attention mechanism to strengthen the expression ability of smoke features, and uses attention map multiply by two external features to realize the fusion and mutual guidance of the three features. We embed CAM into MSCM to realize the independence and correlation of three feature extraction. We conducted comparative experiments and ablation experiments in our own large dataset, and the accuracy can reach 84.94%. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively fuse the three features of smoke, so as to effectively detect smoke.
Effectiveness and security of low-dose aspirin supplementation for patients before 12 weeks’ gestation: A systematic review
Authors: Gao Liang , Li Qiongge
Published: June 2022

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to evaluate low-dose aspirin in the first trimester (≤12 weeks) whether or not can improve adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pregnancy rate, live birth rate, pregnancy complications, and adverse reactions in pregnant women using a model‐based meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search of public databases was conducted. Entry criteria were randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of aspirin administered at <12 weeks’ gestation compared to placebo or no-treatment. ResultsThe entry criteria were fulfilled by 22 randomized controlled trials on a combined total of 6173 participants. The main findings of this study were that for women with recurrent miscarriage, antiphospholipid antibodies, and IVF/ICSI treatment, the first trimester (<12 weeks) use of low dose aspirin for the pregnancy rate, fertility, pregnancy complications and aspirin adverse reactions had no significant effect. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the administration of low-dose aspirin at <12weeks’ gestation in high risk women does not change the pregnancy rate, the birth rate, the risk of pregnancy complications and aspirin adverse reactions.
A bacterial E2 enzyme regulates an antiviral cGAS through a peptide exchange-ligation-cleavage mechanism
Authors: Zhu Bin , Yan Yan , Huang Fengtao , Yu Bingbing , Cheng Rui , Wu Hui , Lu Xueling , Wang Xionglue , Xiao Jun , Wang Longfei
Published: June 2022

The cyclic oligonucleotide based anti phage signaling systems (CBASSs) are a family of defense systems in prokaryotes. Composed of a cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and CBASS-associated proteins, CBASSs utilize cyclic oligonucleotides to activate antiviral immunity. One major group of CBASS-associated proteins are homologs of eukaryotic E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. However, the function of E2 in CBASSs remains elusive. Here, we report that a bacterial E2 forms a covalent bond with cGAS, between the active site of E2 and a glycine near the C-terminus of cGAS. Unlike the eukaryotic ubiquitination system where E1 catalyzes covalent bond formation between E2 and ubiquitin, this covalent bond is directly formed between the “glycinated” cysteine at the E2 active site and the cGAS glycine residue, thereby releasing the C-terminal peptide of the cGAS. We further found that this link stabilizes cGAS, while it inhibits its synthetase activity. In the presence of danger signals such as ADP and PPi, the covalent E2-cGAS complex undergoes auto-proteolysis to release cGAS, which then produces 3',2'-cGAMP to activate antiviral defense. Our findings reveal a novel form of E2-mediated covalent modification, a negative regulatory role of E2 in CBASS, and an unexpected interplay between cGAS signaling and the ubiquitin system in bacteria.
Attenuation of cognition impairments in epilepsy-induced rats treated with Sarawata Churna
Authors: Bakthavatchalam¹ Pugazhandhi , Thangarajan² Rajesh , Thomas³ R Huban , Surendran Sudarshan
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to see how Saraswata Churna (SC) affected the cognition of 4-month-old adult male Wistar rats who had epilepsy. One of the most common epilepsy symptoms is memory impairment. The elevated plus maze (EVPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to assess the effect of SC on rat learning and memory. Pilocarpine (270 mg/kg BW, i.p.) was used to induce epilepsy. Saraswata Churna's effect on pilocarpine-induced epilepsy was evaluated. Saraswata Churna (300 mg/kg b.w. orally) improved the rats' cognitive performance, as shown by reduced latency in the EVPM, decreased escape latency during training, and more time spent in the target zone during recovery in the MWM. Saraswata Churna (300 mg/kg b.w. oral) has memory-enhancing action comparable to phenytoin (30 mg/kg b.w. i.p.). Saraswata Churna demonstrated memory-improving efficacy in rats, most likely because to its phytoconstituents, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticonvulsive properties.
The contribution of the preoperative methylene blue staining method to the surgical performance of parathyroid adenomas with difficult localization
Authors: Aksoy Erkan , Ocak Özlem Karaca , Ergenç Hasan , Ergenç Zeynep , Gökosmanoğlu Feyzi
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPreoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas and staining of parathyroid adenomas guided by different methods improve surgical outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of US-guided methylene blue staining to the surgical performance of parathyroid adenomas.Material and MethodThe study was conducted in the endocrinology and general surgery clinic on 152 parathyroid adenoma patients who underwent methylene blue staining with preoperative US guidance. This application is a new method and is very different from other applications since methylene blue is administered parenterally. In the procedure, a very low-dose methylene blue is administered to the inside or wall of the parathyroid adenoma with a fine needle. The data of the patients were obtained retrospectively from patient files and electronic records.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 152 patients who had suspicious parathyroid adenomas with difficult localization and a history of previous surgical failure were stained with methylene blue in the preoperative period. This practice was associated with minimally invasive surgery and very short operative time. The methylene blue staining method was also found to be effective in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of parathyroid adenomas with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity.ConclusionAs a result of the present study, it was concluded that methylene blue staining provides a guide for the excision of parathyroid adenomas, potentially improving surgical outcomes in the resection of unsuccessful attempts and ectopic parathyroid adenomas difficult to identify.
Impact of Indium concentration In0.52 Al0.48 As/Inx Ga1-x As/InP HEMT device on DC and AC performances
Authors: boursali amin , -bouazza ahlam guen
Published: June 2022

The main goal of this paper is to Investigate the Impact of Indium concentration In the alloy InxGa1-xAs of the channel layer .the stimulation device based on In0.52Al0.48As/InxGa1-xAs/In0.52Al0.48As In (HEMT )by using Silvaco Tacad two and three-dimensional device simulation.For each Indium concentration (In)In the alloy InxGa1-xAs some DCand ACperformances has been simulated In order to show the Influence of the Indium content .which 20 nm of gate length and thickness of 10nm of channel layer the device exhibit a maximum drain current 1.43 A for In0.1Ga0.9As,a maximum transconductance (Gm) of 1450 mS/mm ,a subthreshold voltage slope (SS)of 75 mV/decade,a gate leakage current of 10 − 5,cut-off frequency (Ft) of 400GHZ and maximum oscillation frequency (Fmax) of 860 GHz
Disentangling the Dynamics of VOCs and VOIs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru using Bayesian Phylogenetics
Authors: Arevalo Santiago Justo , Silva Cinthy Jimenez , Calampa Carmen Sofia Uribe , Bouckaert Remco , Pinho Joao Renato
Published: June 2022

At over 0.6% of the population, Peru has the highest SARS-CoV-2 mortality rate in the world. Much effort to sequence genomes was done in this country since mid-2020. However, an adequate analysis of the dynamics of the variants of concern and interest (VOCIs) is missing. We performed Bayesian phylodynamic analyses using different sampling approaches to determine the origin of the VOCIs in Peru, as well as their population dynamics. The COVID-19 pandemic in Peru was characterized by three waves. We showed that Lambda emerged in Peru during the first wave (April-July, 2020) but it did not reach high frequencies until the second wave. Alpha and Gamma were imported to Peru between the first and second waves (October-December, 2020). The gamma variant reached Peru from Brazil, whereas Alpha arrived at Peru from the United Kingdom. Effective population size (Ne) and effective reproductive number (Rt) suggest that Lambda, followed by Gamma, dominated the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru whereas Alpha was not very prevalent. During this wave, Lambda dominated all the Peruvian regions except the Northeast, where Gamma dominated. Migration patterns of Lambda and Gamma between the Northeast and other regions indicate that the different VOCI prevalence in the Northeast was not due to the isolation of this region. Also, during the second wave, Mu and Delta arrived in Peru (February-May, 2021) from the USA and the United Kingdom, respectively. Mu never reached high Rt nor Ne; on the other hand, at the final of the second wave, Delta showed Rt values higher than other VOCIs, beginning to increase its Ne and replacing Lambda and Gamma. Finally, Omicron reached Peru just before the beginning of the third wave (October-December, 2021) from the USA. Omicron had a high Rt since its arrival to Peru, originating new lineages and rapidly increasing its Ne which caused the third wave. In summary, we were able to determine important patterns of virus dynamics in Peru using Bayesian Phylogenetics. Besides, we demonstrated that Bayesian phylodynamics with a portion of the available genomes were sufficient to reconstruct the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru.
Simulation of skin tissue temperature distribution during laser thermal pain treatment
Authors: Liu Honghua , She Chang , Huang Zhiliang , Wei Lei , Li Qian , Peng Han , Liu Mailan
Published: June 2022

Lasers are widely used in clinical pain research because they cause temperature changes in biological tissue, which activate nociceptors to create pain sensations. The key to thermal pain treatment lies in the temperature distribution of biological tissue caused by the laser. In order to improve the thermal pain response induced by laser, it is necessary to study the temperature distribution of biological tissue during treatment. In this paper, based on biological tissue in a special medium, combining the two modules of biological heat transfer and radiation heat transfer, a finite element model of laser thermal pain treatment is established. The model considers four factors such as laser power, and obtains the temperature distribution characteristics of biological tissue under laser irradiation through calculation under standard conditions, and then obtains the influence of different factors on temperature distribution through single factor analysis. At the end of the article, the results obtained by single factor analysis are analyzed by orthogonal test to obtain the degree of influence of different factors on temperature distribution. In clinical treatment, doctors can reasonably choose laser irradiation parameters based on the above results.
Predictive value of layer-specific speckle tracking technique combined with triglyceride-glucose index in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome complicated with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Zhang Lu , Zhang Yan , Deng Aiyun
Published: June 2022

Background
To analyze the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and left ventricular systolic function and myocardial layer-specific strain in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to explore the value of layer-specific speckle tracking technique combined with TyG index in the risk assessment of patients with ACS combined with DM.
Methods
Ninety-eight patients with chest pain who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled from the Department of Cardiology in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University between October 2020 and December 2021. The TyG index was calculated based on blood test results. The two-dimensional layer-specific speckle tracking technique was used to measure the left ventricular global longitudinal strain in the endocardial layer (GLSendo), mid-myocardial layer (GLSmid) and epicardial layer (GLSepi). The multiple linear regression analysis was performed with GLSendo, GLSmid, and GLSepi as dependent variables and the TyG index as an independent variable. Then the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting ACS with DM was plotted based on TyG index and GLSendo.
Results
Compared with the ACS alone and control groups, the TyG index was significantly increased in ACS combined with DM group (P < 0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction and the strain of each layer of the myocardium were significantly reduced in the ACS combined DM group, in which the global longitudinal strain value from the endocardium to the epicardium decreased gradually. Among them, GLSendo had significant differences between the ACS combined DM group and the ACS alone group (P < 0.05). The TyG index was negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction and positively correlated with GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi, and ΔLS (GLSendo-GLSdpi) (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a linear correlation between TyG index and GLSendo, based on which the ROC curve for predicting ACS with DM was plotted, with the area under the curve of 0.896 (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The TyG index is a simple predictor that can well predict left ventricular function and myocardial strain. The combination of TyG index and layer-specific speckle tracking technology is available to identifying the high-risk population of DM in ACS patients.
Decreased Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Chinese Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ma Libing , Han Xuan , Ma Yuan , Yang Yuan , Xu Yunshao , Liu Di , Yang Weizhong , Feng Luzhao
Published: June 2022

Background
Healthcare workers were the priority group for influenza vaccination, however, the vaccination rate among them in China had always been low. This study was conducted to investigate the influenza vaccination status among Chinese healthcare workers (HCWs) during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons and analyze the factors driving vaccination.
Methods
We provided Electronic questionnaires to the healthcare workers from January 27, 2022 to February 21, 2022 using the WeChat platform "Breath Circles". Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with vaccination among healthcare workers.
Results
Among the 1697 healthcare workers surveyed, the vaccination coverage during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons was 43.67% (741/1697) and 35.36% (600/1697), respectively. Additionally, during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons, only 22.69% (385/1697) and 22.10% (358/1697) surveyed healthcare workers reported that their workplaces implemented the free vaccination policy for all employees, respectively.
Conclusions
Free influenza vaccination policy and workplace mandatory vaccination are effective in improving the influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers. The Chinese healthcare workers’ influenza vaccination coverage remained low and showed a downward trend after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further effective measures should be taken to improve influenza vaccination coverage.
Grinding worm wear evaluation and its influence of on gear surface topography in continuous generating gear grinding
Authors: Tao Yijie , Li Guolong , Cao Bing , Jiang Lin
Published: June 2022

Due to complex geometry and movement involved in continuous generating gear grinding, the grinding worm wear characterization is different from that in regular grinding processes. Grinding worm wear evaluation with accumulated removed material volume were investigated through wear status evolution experiments. By changing grinding parameters in orthogonal experiments, grinding worm surfaces with various wear status and their resulting gear surface roughness were obtained. The results show that the fractal dimension could be used to roughly quantify grinding worm wear status. A nearly linear relationship was found between the fractal dimension and the removed material volume. Grinding speed, normal stock, feed rate and shifting value were proven to have great influence on grinding worm wear. A significant negative correlation was found between the fractal dimension and surface roughness. However, due to shifting movement, both coarse grinding parameters and finished grinding parameters can affect gear surface. Smaller fractal dimensions were found to result in smoother gear surfaces and vice versa. Based on the result, grinding parameters in continuous generating grinding were recommended. Grinding speed should be as high as possible considering the machine tool capability. Normal stock of 0.02-0.09mm, feed rate of 50-100mm/min, shifting value of 7mm should be adopted in finished grinding.
Phytochemical analysis and beneficial effects of Artemisia absinthium L. essential oil in rat pseudopregnancy model
Authors: Demirel Murside Ayse , Süntar İpek , Çeribaşı Ali Osman , Akça Kevser Taban , Zengin Gökhan
Published: June 2022

Pseudopregnancy is a luteal phase syndrome in which steroids, prolactin inhibitor agents or ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy are used in the treatment. New medical strategies should be developed because of the serious side effects of current treatment regimens. Several plants and natural compounds are investigated for their modulatory effect on hormonal balance in the treatment of pseudopregnancy. Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood) is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family, used as an emmenagogue and to induce abortus traditionally. This plant has a regulatory effect on the dopaminergic system. In this study, the therapeutic potential of the A. absinthium essential oil was examined in an experimentally-induced pseudopregnancy model in rats. The pseudopregnancy model was induced by injection of a pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin to female rats. Essential oil of A. absinthium was orally administered to the rats at 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses once daily for 10 days. Bromocriptine (3 mg/kg/per os) was administered to the reference group animals. Gas Chromatography analysis was conducted on the essential oil to reveal its phytochemical profile. A. absinthium essential oil at 25 mg/kg dose displayed beneficial effects in the pseudopregnancy model in rats. Cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (17.8), sabinyl acetate (11.6%), terpinen-4-ol (6.2%), caryophyllene oxide (5.5%) and (E)-nuciferol (5.5%) were found as the major components in the oil. A. absinthium essential oil rich in cis-chrysanthenyl acetate, sabinyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene oxide, and (E)-nuciferol should be displayed therapeutic activity against pseudopregnancy.
Leveraging 13 million responses to the Facebook COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey to examine vaccine hesitancy, vaccination, and mask wearing, January 2021-February 2022
Authors: Nguyen Quynh C. , Yardi Isha , Gutierrez Francia Ximena Marin , Mane Heran , Yue Xiaohe
Published: June 2022

Background: The urgency of the COVID-19 global pandemic called upon the joint efforts from the scientific and private sectors to work together to track vaccine acceptance, prevention behaviors, and symptoms. Methods: Our study utilized individual responses to the Facebook’s COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey from January 2021 to February 2022 (n=13,426,245) to examine contextual and individual-level predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, vaccination, and mask wearing. Adjusted logistic regression models were developed to examine individual and zip code predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccination status. Given the COVID vaccine was rolled out in phases in the U.S. we conducted analyses stratified by time, January 2021-May 2021 (Time 1) and June 2021-February 2022 (Time 2). Results: On January 2021 only 9% of Facebook respondents reported receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, and 45% were vaccine hesitant. By February 2022, 80% of respondents were vaccinated and only 18% were vaccine hesitant. Individuals who were older, held higher educational degrees, worked in white collar jobs, wore a mask most of the time or some of the time, and identified as white and Asian had higher COVID-19 vaccination rates and lower vaccine hesitancy across Time 1 and Time 2. COVID vaccinations were lower among essential workers and blue-collar occupations (OR=0.31-0.40) including those in food preparation and serving, construction, installation and repair, transportation, and production in Time 1. In Time 2, these disparities attenuated but were still present (OR-0.36-0.64). For these same occupation groups, vaccine hesitancy was higher (OR=1.88-2.30 in Time 1) and (OR=2.05-2.80 in Time 2). By Time 2, all adults were eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine, but blacks (OR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.70-0.72) and multiracial (OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.47-0.48) individuals had lower vaccination and higher vaccine hesitancy compared to whites. Conclusions: Associations found in earlier phases of the pandemic were generally found to also be present later in the pandemic, indicating stability in inequities. Additionally, inequities in these important outcomes suggests more work is needed to bridge gaps to ensure that the burden of COVID-19 risk does not disproportionately fall upon subgroups of the population.
Influence of process parameters and robot postures on surface quality in robotic machining
Authors: Xu Peng , Gao Yinghao , Yao Xiling , Ng Ye Han , Liu Kui , Bi Guijun
Published: June 2022

The use of industrial robots for machining large parts has attracted more and more attention. Previous studies have shown that ball-end milling is greatly affected by the process parameters. Besides, robotic machining is also affected by various posture-dependent robot performances. However, these two critical aspects are usually treated separately in many works for studying robotic machining. In this paper, a redundant robotic system consisting of a six-axis industrial robot, a two-axis positioner and a linear track was developed for machining. The combined effects of milling process parameters and robot postures on the machining results were experimentally investigated. Grey relational analysis-based multi-objective optimization was conducted for lower cutting force and better surface quality. A group of process parameters and robot posture was obtained as the optimal combination that generally yields the best milling performance. The results allow to preliminarily determine the main factors that affect the quality of robotic machining.
Surgical management of Lutembacher’s syndrome in congestive cardiac failure
Authors: Yadav Rajeshwar , Pathak Swati , Gupta Shubham K
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Lutembacher’s syndrome is rare clinical entity.In 1916, French physician Rene Lutembacher described his first case of 61 years old woman with a combination of congenital ASD with acquired MS. But he attributed this mitral lesion to congenital mitral stenosis. The definition of this syndrome named after him has undergone many changes since then. The current consensus defines Lutembacher Syndrome (LS) as any combination of ASD (congenital or iatrogenic) and MS (congenital or acquired). The clinical presentation of LS is a result of interplay between size of ASD, severity of MS, pulmonary vascular resistance and RV compliance. Financial constraints also add to the delayed diagnosis and adequate treatment in our part of the world.Here we have discussed a case of LS with severe TR and moderate PAH in congestive cardiac failure which was successfully treated by surgery.Case report: A 42 years old thin built, poorly nourished housewife presented with chest discomfort and fatigue for last 4 years. She was diagnosed with atrial septal defect four years back but could not receive appropriate treatment due to financial constrains. Since last 15 days she had breathlessness even at rest and paroxysmal episodes that interrupted her sleep. Icterus and pedal edema was also present. As we evaluated the patient, her clinical examination could not be completely explained by ASD alone. Soon, our suspicion of LS was confirmed by TTE and the diagnosis of Lutembacher Syndrome with Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation with Moderate PAH was made. As the patient presented to us with atrial fibrillation & heart failure, she was admitted for optimization. The patient was then successfully managed by MVR [#25 SJM, metallic] with pericardial patch closure of ASD with Devaga’s Tricuspid Valve annuloplasty and discharged on postop day 11.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and surgical treatment bears a good prognosis and prolongs survival. If patient is diagnosed at late stage, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure sets in and the outcome becomes poor. Higher cost of the surgical intervention and low socio-economic distribution of the disease in developing country like India should not challenge the patient’s right to receive the standard treatment.
Bryophyte species richness and functional traits in the managed temperate forests are also driven by bedrock and tree species composition
Authors: Kutnar Lado , Kermavnar Janez , Sabovljević Marko S.
Published: June 2022

Questions
Bryophytes represent an important component of forest biodiversity and vegetation, responding to a variety of environmental factors. These include geological conditions with upper soil horizons and tree species composition, which is the result of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The bryophyte species and functional diversity and composition were studied in different temperate forests.
Location
Representative managed forests from lowlands to high mountain areas in Slovenia, Europe.
Methods
Bryophytes growing on a variety of substrates, including terricolous, lignicolous, corticolous and saxicolous species, were identified in 57 ICP-Forests monitoring plots in a wide range of managed forests. Considering data on tree layer composition (broadleaves vs. coniferous), bedrock and soil type (carbonate vs. silicate), all study plots were classified into five groups representing different forest types, including stands dominated by: i) broadleaves on calcareous bedrocks, ii) broadleaves on intermediate bedrocks/soils, iii) broadleaves on siliceous bedrocks, iv) conifers on calcareous bedrocks, and v) conifers on siliceous bedrocks. The species composition and diversity of bryophytes and their functional traits were studied.
Results
Among broadleaves, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was the dominant tree species in the studied forests, while Norway spruce (Picea abies) was the most common tree species among conifers. The most frequent bryophyte species were Hypnum cupressiforme (present in 91.2% of all plots), Brachytheciastrum velutinum (63.2%) and Polytrichum formosum (61.4%). The mean species richness per plot was 19.4 (minimum: 5, maximum: 36). In the studied plots, tree species composition and bedrock were important drivers in bryophyte species richness and composition. Considerable changes in bryophyte species composition were observed along the tree species composition and edaphic gradient. The bryophyte species richness was significantly higher on calcareous bedrock with very different microhabitats than on siliceous bedrock. The functional diversity and composition of bryophytes were significantly influenced by bedrock and soil, but less by tree species composition.
Conclusions
This study shows that bedrock and tree species composition have a significant effect on bryophyte species, functional traits, and diversity patterns. Tree species composition was also related to past forest management, which could lead to a higher proportion of spruce or other commercial conifers in the small portion of plots. However, the studied forests are mainly managed according to close-to-nature and sustainable principles.
Preschool teachers' knowledge on traumatic dental injuries first-aid in Shanghai, China
Authors: Qiu Liyan , Jiao Xianting , Ren Fang , Shen Lixiao , Wang Junli , Li Feng
Published: June 2022

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are considered a public health problem as it occurs frequently and negatively impacts quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of preschool staff in Shanghai with regard to TDIs first-aid and the management of broken teeth.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff at selected preschools. A stratified random sampling method was first used to identify suitable subjects. Data were obtained using a self-completed questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,069 subjects completed the questionnaire. According to the survey, 25% of teachers correctly answered that the tooth should be replanted in the original alveolar. 48% of teachers knew that avulsed teeth should be stored in a liquid environment, 66% knew that broken teeth should be stored in saline, and 11.8% knew that broken teeth could be stored in fresh milk. 35.4% of teachers with college degree or above chose to store the avulsed teeth in a liquid environment, and 5.9% of teachers with a high school degree or below made the same choice (χ2=2.890, p=0.009). Conclusions: The level of first-aid knowledge among preschool teachers in Shanghai regarding TDIs was low.
De Novo Assembly of Transcriptome Sequencing and EST-SSR development in Aesculus chinensis Bunge
Authors: Li Yuling , Mao Xin , Sun Tianxu , Liu Cuilan , Zhang Yuanshuai , Dong Yuanfu , Mao Xiuhong
Published: June 2022

Aesculus chinensis Bunge (A. chinensis Bunge), a deciduous tree in the genus Aesculus of the family Hippocastanaceae. and has ornamental, economic and medicinal values. Lack of comprehensive genetic information hinders the development and further utilization of this species and EST-SSR markers of A. chinensis Bunge have not been previously reported. For this reason we obtained A. chinensis Bunge transcriptomes using Illumina HiSeq TM2000 and de novo assembly, developed the EST-SSR markers. In this study, 74,805,734 clean reads were generated using Illumina HiSeq TM2000 and obtained 33,365 unigenes with a mean length of 1348bp after assembly. A total of 25450 (76.27%) unigenes showed similarities in at least one database including Nr (71.39%), Swiss Prot (57.03%), GO (53.31%), KO (27.13%) and KOG (19.27%). Based on the transcriptome data collected for A. chinensis Bunge, 16,103 SSR loci were detected with the distribution density of one SSR per 2.79 kb. The most dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats were AG/CT and AAG/CTT. Then 58 primer pairs were randomly selected for polymorphism validation and 31 primer pairs were polymorphic among eight Aesculus species. A total of 167 alleles were identified, varying from 2 to 9 with a mean of 5.387 alleles per locus.
Knockdown of FOXA1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly via activation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway
Authors: Li Lijun , Wang Yibo , Wang Zhongxiang , Ma Jianfei , Dai Chengxin , Gao Xiang , Hang Kai , pan zhijun
Published: June 2022

Background: The available therapeutic options for large bone defects remain extremely limited, requiring new strategies to accelerate bone healing. Genetically modified bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with enhanced osteogenic capacity are recognised as one of the most promising treatments for bone defects.Method: We performed differential expression analysis of miRNAs between human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to identify osteogenic differentiation-related microRNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we identified shared osteogenic differentiation-related miRNAs and constructed an miRNA transcription network. The Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) knockdown strategy with a lentiviral vector was used to explore the role of FOXA1 in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to determine the effect of the knockdown of FOXA1 on hBMSC proliferation; real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to investigate target genes and proteins; and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red staining (ARS) were used to assess ALP activity and mineral deposition, respectively. Finally, a mouse model of femoral defects was established in vivo, and histological evaluation and radiographic analysis were performed to verify the therapeutic effects of FOXA1 knockdown on bone healing.Result: We identified 22 shared and differentially expressed miRNAs between hDPSC and hBMSC, 19 of which were downregulated in osteogenically induced samples. The miRNA-transcription factor interaction network showed that FOXA1 is the most significant and novel osteogenic differentiation biomarker among more than 300 transcription factors that is directly targeted by 12 miRNAs. FOXA1 knockdown significantly promoted hBMSC osteo-specific genes and increased mineral deposits in vitro. In addition, p-ERK1/2 levels were upregulated by FOXA1 silencing. Moreover, the increased osteogenic differentiation of FOXA1 knockdown hBMSCs was partially rescued by the addition of ERK1/2 signalling inhibitors. In a mouse model of femoral defects, a sheet of FOXA1-silencing BMSCs improved bone healing, as detected by micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation.Conclusion: These findings collectively demonstrate that FOXA1 silencing promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, and silencing FOXA1 in vivo effectively promotes bone healing, suggesting that FOXA1 may be a novel target for bone healing.
Improvement of the loss of corneal endothelial cells by relocating the tip of the Baerveldt® implant tube from the anterior chamber to the vitreous cavity
Authors: Honda Yuuki , Miyakoshi Akio , Tojo Naoki , Hayashi Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Purpose: It has been reported that corneal endothelial cells (CEC) decrease faster when the tip of the Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) tube is inserted into the anterior chamber than into the vitreous cavity. We investigated whether surgically relocating the tip of the BGI tube from the anterior chamber to the vitreous cavity could reduce CEC loss.Patients and Methods: The subjects were 11 consecutive patients (11 eyes) that could be followed >12 months after relocation surgery. We compared the intraocular pressure (IOP), reduction slope of CEC density and annual reduction rate of CEC density before and after relocation surgery. Results: The relocation surgery did not significantly change IOP (p=0.974). The mean preoperative and postoperative IOP were 13.1 ± 4.5 and 13.6 ± 4.3 mmHg. The reduction ratio of the CEC density was 15.4 ± 6.7 cells/mm2/year before relocation surgery and significantly slower at 8.3 ± 6.5 cells/mm2/year after relocation surgery (p=0.024). Two patients resulted in bullous keratopathy after relocation surgery.Conclusions: Relocating the tip of BGI tube from the anterior chamber to the vitreous cavity could reduce CEC loss.
Performance Analysis of DD-DPMZM based RoF link for Emerging Wireless Networks
Authors: Tamrakar Balram , Singh Krishna , Kumar Parvin
Published: June 2022

This paper demonstrates the analytical approach of Linearized Radio over Fiber (RoF) link based on Dual-Drive Dual Parallel Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-DPMZM) by properly adjusting the phase shifters and biasing of the Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM). Two input RF tones at 7 and 8 GHz applied in the used RoF link. The proposed RoF link consists of Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM), Parallel combination of Mach Zehnder Modulators, optical fiber and photodetector (PD). Third Order Intermodulation Distortions (IMD3) factor act as a major issue, which is responsible as performance degradation factor. Major sources of IMD3 spurious components have been investigated and suppressed in theoretical analysis before photodetection. The proposed method is designed with the help of OptSim simulation software, to confirm and validate the analytical analysis and simulation results. Analytical analysis & simulation results show that, 40 dB suppression found in IMD3 spurious components, and 30 dB Hz2/3 enhancement found in Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR), for the proposed linearized RoF link as compared to conventional MZM RoF link.
Dual NF2-YAP/TAZ immunohistochemistry is a reliable marker for the detection of NF2 alterations in diffuse pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Li Yan , Yang Soo-Ryum , Chen Ying-Bei , Adusumilli Prasad , Bialik Ann , Bodd Francis , Ladanyi Marc , Lopardo Jessica , Offin Michael , Rusch Valerie , Travis William , Zauderer Marjorie , Chang Jason , Sauter Jennifer
Published: June 2022

NF2 loss occurs in about 30 - 50% of diffuse pleural mesothelioma (DPM) with accumulation of YAP and TAZ in tumor nuclei. NF2 and YAP/TAZ represent potential therapeutic targets. We investigate the performance of NF2-YAP/TAZ dual immunohistochemistry (IHC) in identifying DPM that harbors NF2 alterations and in distinguishing DPM from benign mesothelial proliferations. NF2-YAP/TAZ IHC was subsequently performed on a Discovery cohort of DPM with (n=10) or without (n=10) NF2 alterations by next generation sequencing (NGS) and 9 benign cases. Cutoff values for loss of NF2 expression and YAP/TAZ overexpression by IHC were determined in Discovery cohort. Performance characteristics of NF2-YAP/TAZ IHC were investigated in a Validation cohort (20 DPMs and 10 benign cases). In the Discovery cohort, all DPMs with NF2 alterations by NGS showed NF2 IHC scores of <2 while all NF2-wildtype DPMs showed scores of >2. NF2-altered DPMs had significantly higher YAP/TAZ H-scores (p<0.001) than NF2-wildtype DPM and benign pleura (median H-scores: 237.5 (range 185-275), 130.0 (40-225), and 10.0 (0-75), respectively). NF2-YAP/TAZ IHC demonstrated 95.2%, 100%, 100% and 95%, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values respectively, for detecting NF2 alterations in DPM (n=40) with NGS as gold standard and 87.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for distinguishing DPM (n=40) from benign mesothelial proliferations (n=19). NF2-YAP/TAZ IHC has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting NF2 alterations in DPM and high specificity for malignancy, highlighting potential utility for guiding NF2-targeted therapies and distinguishing DPM from benign mimics.
EQUIP Emergency: Can interventions to reduce racism, discrimination and stigma in EDs improve outcomes?
Authors: Varcoe Colleen , Browne Annette J. , Perrin Nancy , Wilson Erin , Bungay Vicky , Byres David , Wathen Nadine , Stones Cheyanne , Liao Catherine , Price Elder Roberta
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDespite a publicly funded system, health care in Canada has been shown to be deeply inequitable, particularly toward Indigenous people. Based on research identifying key dimensions of equity-oriented health care as being cultural safety, harm reduction and trauma- and violence-informed care, an intervention to promote equity at the organizational level was tested in primary health care, refined and adapted, and tested in Emergency Departments (EDs).MethodsIn partnership with clinical, community and Indigenous leaders in three diverse EDs in one Canadian province, we supported direct care staff to tailor and implement the intervention. Intervention activities varied in type and intensity at each site. Survey data were collected pre- and post-intervention from every consecutive patient over age 18 presenting to the EDs (n= 4771) with 3315 completing post-visit questions in 4 waves at two sites and 3 waves (due to pandemic constraints) at the third. Administrative data were collected for 12 months pre- and 12 months post-intervention.ResultsThroughout the study period, the participating EDs were dealing with a worsening epidemic of overdoses and deaths related to a toxic drug supply, and the COVID 19 pandemic curtailed both intervention activities and data collection. Despite these constraints, staff at two of the EDs mounted equity-oriented intervention strategies; the other site was experiencing continued, significant staff shortages and leadership changeover. Longitudinal analysis using multiple regression showed non-significant but encouraging trends in patient perceptions of quality of care and patient experiences of discrimination in the ED. Subgroup analysis showed that specific groups of patients experienced care in significantly different ways at each site. An interrupted time series of administrative data showed no significant change in staff sick time, but showed a significant decrease in the percentage of patients who left without care being completed at the site with the most robust intervention activities. ConclusionsThe trends in patient perceptions and the significant decrease in the percentage of patients who left without care being completed suggest potential for impact. Realization of this potential will depend on readiness, commitment and resources at the organizational and systems levels.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov #NCT03369678 (registration date 12/12/2017.).
Fluctuation relations for irreversible emergence of information
Authors: Arias-Gonzalez J. Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Information theory and Thermodynamics have developed closer in the last years, with a growing application palette in which the formal equivalence between the Shannon and Gibbs entropies is exploited. The main barrier to connect both disciplines is the fact that information does not imply a dynamics, whereas thermodynamic systems unfold with time, often away from equilibrium. Here, we analyze chain-like systems comprising linear sequences of physical objects carrying symbolic meaning. We show that, after defining a reading direction, both reversible and irreversible informations emerge naturally from the principle of microscopic reversibility in the evolution of the chains driven by a protocol. We find fluctuation equalities that relate entropy, the relevant concept in communication, and energy, the thermodynamically significant quantity, examined along sequences whose content evolves under writing and revision protocols. Our results are applicable to nanoscale chains, where information transfer is subject to thermal noise, and extendable to virtually any communication system.