bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Quantitative Resistance to Puccinia striiformis and Puccina triticinia in the Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivar ‘Jamestown’
Authors: Carpenter Neal R. , Griffey Carl A. , Malla Subas , Barnett Marla , Marshall David , Fountain Myron O. , Murphy J. Paul , Milus Eugene , Johnson Jerry , Buck James , Chao Shiaoman , Brown‐Guedira Gina L. , Wright Emily
Published: September 2017

Disease resistance is critical in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks and stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks. are destructive pathogens of wheat. Phenotypic data were collected at diverse locations for resistance to leaf rust (North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) and stripe rust (Arkansas, North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Virginia) in a Pioneer ‘25R47’ /‘Jamestown’ (P47/JT) population composed of 186 F5:9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The P47/JT RILs were genotyped with a public 90K iSelect single‐nucleotide polymorphism array. Analysis of the P47/JT population identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 5B and two QTL for stripe rust resistance on chromosomes 3B and 6A. These QTL were associated with both infection type and disease severity. Phenotypic variation (%) explained by the putative leaf rust resistance QTL of Jamestown on 5B was as high as 22.1%. Variation explained by the putative stripe rust resistance QTL of Jamestown on 3B and 6A was as high as 11.1 and 14.3%, respectively. Introgression and pyramiding of these QTL with other genes conferring resistance to leaf and stripe rusts via marker‐assisted selection will facilitate development of soft red winter wheat cultivars having more durable resistance.
Yield Drag Associated with the Soybean Aphid Resistance Gene Rag2 from PI 200538
Authors: Ward Russell A. , Kim Ki‐Seung , Diers Brian W.
Published: September 2017

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an exotic pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that was first identified in North America during 2000. The pest can be controlled by the resistance genes Rag1 and Rag2, which have been introgressed into Midwestern‐adapted soybean lines. In previous studies, the Rag2 resistance allele was shown to be associated with a seed yield reduction. The objective of our study was to confirm the reduction associated with Rag2 and determine its cause. This was done by testing a population of lines with all combinations of resistance and susceptibility alleles at Rag1 and Rag2 to further discern the effect of the Rag2 gene on agronomic traits, and by evaluating the introgressed genetic region surrounding Rag2 in populations of near‐isogenic lines to localize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) causing yield drag associated with the Rag2 gene. The populations were tested in multiple environments across 3 yr with little or no aphid infestation. Yield tests of the population segregating for Rag1 and Rag2 showed that Rag2 was associated with a yield reduction across environments, but Rag1 was not. Results from the tests of the Rag2 genetic region populations indicate that one or more QTL(s) causing yield drag are located within a 6.5‐Mbp region ∼1.6 Mbp from Rag2. This information can be used to break the linkage between the yield‐reducing QTL(s) and Rag2, ultimately providing higher‐yielding, aphid‐resistant cultivars.
Implementation and Application of a Root Growth Module in HYDRUS
Authors: Hartmann Anne , Šimůnek Jiří , Aidoo Moses Kwame , Seidel Sabine J. , Lazarovitch Naftali
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas

A HYDRUS module was implemented to model root growth as a function of environmental stresses.

Simulations were compared with experimental data for temperature stress effects on root growth.

Temperature‐dependent root growth parameters were fitted to experimental data using DREAM.

A sensitivity analysis of model parameters revealed key parameters of the modeling approach.

A root growth module was adapted and implemented into the HYDRUS software packages to model root growth as a function of different environmental stresses. The model assumes that various environmental factors, as well as soil hydraulic properties, can influence root development under suboptimal conditions. The implementation of growth and stress functions in the HYDRUS software opens the opportunity to derive parameters of these functions from laboratory or field experimental data using inverse modeling. One of the most important environmental factors influencing root growth is soil temperature. The effects of temperature in the root growth module was the first part of the newly developed HYDRUS add‐on to be validated by comparing modeling results with measured rooting depths in an aeroponic experimental system with bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was conducted at root zone temperatures of 7, 17, and 27°C. Inverse optimization was used to estimate a single set of parameters that was found to well reproduce measured time series of rooting depths for all temperature treatments. A sensitivity analysis showed that parameters such as the maximum rooting depth and cardinal temperatures had only a small impact on the model output and can thus be specified using values from the literature without significantly increasing prediction uncertainties. On the other hand, parameters that define the growth rate or the shape of the temperature stress function had a high influence. The root growth module that considers temperature stress only slightly increased the complexity of the standard HYDRUS models.
Challenges associated with infrastructure delivery
Authors: Jimmy Khumalo Mlungisi , Choga Ireen , Munapo Elias
Published: September 2017

The main purpose of this paper is to document some challenges faced by Independent Development Trust (IDT) in infrastructure delivery of the provincial government of KwaZulu-Natal. Infrastructure delivery has a significant effect on the local budgets or budgets of projects in the province. The main focus of the study was the root causes of delays, budgetary overruns and the resultant effect on service delivery back-logs and socio-economic impact caused by such delays. The study setting comprised of professional stakeholders in the built environment and these include specialists and professionals in the engineering, construction management, civil and general building fields. The objectives of this study were achieved by means of a self-administered questionnaire that was distributed to a group of participants, composed of project managers, quantity surveyors, engineers, architects and project managers working with IDT. The nature of the research was quantitative and data analysis used descriptive and a bit of inferential statistics to arrive at some generalizations and conclusions. The study was able to affirm that there are major inefficiencies in the current infrastructure delivery model of the South African government. Major causes identified include factors such as delays in payments, poor planning, subsiding levels of professional ethics and standards exercised by professionals in the built environment, and so forth. The study also made some recommendations from the research findings. Clearly the infrastructure delivery model requires a new trajectory in tackling the under-development and triple challenges of poverty, unemployment and slow economic growth.
KENAKALAN REMAJA DAN KEDISIPLINAN: Perspektif Psikologi dan Islam
Authors: Rahmawati Nikmah
Published: September 2017

Kedisiplinan dan kenakalan remaja itu memang ada keterkaitan yang erat. Banyak yang membuktikan hal itu melalui berbagai penelitian yang telah disebutkan dalam pembahasan di atas. Dalam hal ini, kedisiplinan itu berkorelasi terbalik dengan kenakalan remaja. Artinya, jika seorang remaja itu disiplin dan menerapkan kedisiplinan tersebut di dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya, maka remaja tersebut akan berkurang tingkat kenakalannya yang bersifat destruktif, bahkan akan tereliminasi sama sekali. Karena itulah, faktor terpenting dalam menghentikan kenakalan remaja adalah bagaimana menerapkan kedisiplinan pada diri remaja di dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya. 
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PENDIDIKAN MORAL ANAK USIA DINI DALAM KITAB TARBIYAT AL-AULAD FI AL-ISLAM
Authors: Filasofa Lilif Muallifatul Khorida
Published: September 2017

Pendidikan moral harus dilakukan sejak dini. Sehingga saat dewasa, seorang anak akan menjadi pribadi yang berakhlaqul karimah. Banyak masalah yang muncul di wilayah anak. Yaitu tidak memanfaatkan waktu senggang untuk membentuk psikis ataupun psikis, dan pe­ngaruh menonton film sadis-porno baik dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak. Salah satu pemikir pendidikan Islam yang pernah membahas tersebut adalah Abdullah Nasih Ulwan. Ia selain membahas masalah tersebut juga membuat solusi untuk menangani bahkan mencegah. Tulisan ini menganalis kitab Tarbiyat al-Aulad fi al-Islam dalam kacamata semiotik. Adapun teori yang dipakai adalah tingkatan dua tahap; denotasi dan konotasi oleh Roland Barthes. Dua teks permasalahan yang dianalisis adalah kurangnya pemanfaatan waktu dan penanggulanganya, dan dampak negatif menonton film sadis dan porno.Hasil analisis teks kurangnya pemanfaatan waktu dan penanggulanganya dalam tingkat denotasi adalah waktu senggang anak harus dimanfaat orangtua untuk membentuk moral anak. Dalam tingat konotasi, pendidikan moral anak tidak hanya dibangun dalam ranah psikis atau jasmani. Maka dalam ranah operasionalnya yang harus dilakukan adalah melatih anak berlari-lari, melompat-lompat, menulis, dan sholat. Dimana semua aktifitas tersebut dapat me­me­ngaruhi kondisi psikis maupun jasmani anak. Selanjutnya, dalam ana­lisis teks pengaruh menonton film sadis-porno dan penanggul­angan­nya dalam tingkat denotasi adalah Ulwan hendak menegaskan bahwa pengaruh dari tontonan sangat mempengaruhi karakter dan moral anak. Pengaruh ini karena indra pengelihatan disuguhi gambar-gambar yang dapat merangsang pikiranya. Sehingga mendorong anak mencontoh apa yang ditonton oleh anak. Dalam tingkat konotasi, film yang baik akan mempengaruhi karakter penonton.
PEMBERDAYAAN WANITA BERBASIS POTENSI UNGGULAN LOKAL
Authors: Lutfiyah Lutfiyah
Published: September 2017

Perempuan memiliki potensi untuk melakukan berbagai kegiat­an produktif yang menghasilkan dan dapat membantu ekonomi keluarga. Lebih luas lagi ekonomi nasional, apalagi potensi ter­sebut menyebar di berbagai bidang. Suatu kenyataan bahwa dewasa ini keikut-sertaan wanita dalam mencapai tujuan pem­bangun­an sangat diharapkan. Berbagai peran dan tugas di­tawar­­­­kan bagi wanita, dalam hal ini tentunya kita harus selalu selektif jangan sampai terkecoh sehingga lupa pada kodratnya. Melalui program Desa Vokasi ini diharapkan terbentuk kawasan desa yang menjadi sentra beragam vokasi, dan terbentuknya kelompok-kelompok usaha yang berasal dari sumber daya wanita yang memanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya dan kearifan lokal. Dengan demikian, warga masyarakat dapat belajar dan ber­­­latih menguasai keterampilan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bekerja atau menciptakan lapangan kerja sesuai dengan sumber­­­daya yang ada di wilayahnya, sehingga taraf hidup masyarakat semakin meningkat.
WANITA: MENJADI ISTRI DAN PANGGILAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Lutfiyah Lutfiyah
Published: September 2017

Dalam hubungan perkawinan suami dan istri adalah satu kesatuan dalam keluarga. Ada istilah ayah kepala keluarga, ibu kepala rumah tangga. Ini merupakan simbul baku dari sebuah pepatah yang sampai sekarang sulit untuk dirubah karena sudah ter­struktur meskipun sebenarnya keadaan dalam keluarga bisa mengalami perpindahan posisi. Kesadaran dan penguasaan terhadap isu gender dan kesamaan gender ini tidak menyentuh masyarakat pedesaan. Takrif gender tidak mereka pahami apa­lagi diketahui. Bekerja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga bukan masalah yang perlu dirisaukan, sehingga jika ada pekerja­an yang mereka bisa lakukan dan berhasil guna maka akan mereka laksanakan dengan senang hati. Jika ada pekerjaan di sekitar tempat tinggal yang bisa mereka lakukan, maka akan mereka lakukan. Misalnya usaha industri di dekan rumah seperti yang dilakukan oleh ibu rumah tangga di Desa Jambearum. Mereka tidak meninggalkan rumah terlalu jauh, bisa mengawasi ank-anak dan bahagia ketika menerima hasil keringatnya.
BABY SMOKER: PERILAKU KONSUMSI ROKOK PADA ANAK DAN STRATEGI DAKWAHNYA
Authors: Hasanah Hasyim
Published: September 2017

Anak merokok merupakan fenomena yang dianggap wajar oleh sebagian besar orang tua. Anak merokok dari tahun ketahun terus mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak faktor, diantaranya faktor yang ber­sifat internal maupun eksternal, baik karena watak ke­biasa­an, maupun pengaruh dari lingkungan khususnya media massa. Pada beberapa kasus anak merokok memiliki dampak negative dalam perkembangan kehidupannya diantaranya efek berupa sakit fisik maupun psikologis, dan perilaku malasuai. Kondisi ini perlu diminimalisir agar perilaku merokok anak dapat di­mini­ma­li­sir. Salah satu upaya yang diduga dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi peningkatan perilaku merokok adalah dengan upaya dakwah Islam dengan mengoptimalkan bentuk kegiatan dakwah yaitu irsyad, tabligh, tadbir, dan tathwir.
Aportaciones de la forestación a la sostenibilidad urbana en ciudades tropicales. Humedal Nuevo Amanecer, Ciudad Madero, México
Authors: Rosas Lusett Mireya Alicia , Bartorila Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2017

Introducción. Las ciudades tropicales poseen condiciones climáticas para el desarrollo de la biota. La conservación de espacios naturales con abundante masa vegetal, es vital para la preservación de la biodiversidad en la ciudad, así como la arborización, que aporta mejoras a la calidad de vida. El artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto “Forestación y Rescate de la Laguna Nuevo Amanecer. Ciudad Madero, México”, financiado por la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, 2015. El objetivo es validar el método de estudio a partir de indicadores en los proyectos de forestación urbana en la ciudad tropical a través de la medición de su impacto.                       Método. 1. Se utilizaron indicadores del Plan de Indicadores de Sostenibilidad Urbana (Rueda, 2010) para valorar la situación actual del humedal Laguna Nuevo Amanecer.2. Se elaboró propuesta de reforestación urbana a partir de parámetros de los indicadores de Diversidad de arbolado, Índice biótico del suelo y Densidad de árboles.3. Se evaluó el impacto de la propuesta a través del Índice de funcionalidad de parques para el humedal y el indicador de Confort térmico para las calles.Resultados. El incremento de la masa vegetal en la propuesta de reforestación urbana del espacio abierto, presenta impactos positivos en dos situaciones complementarias: los espacios naturales urbanos y las calles, considerando los indicadores:Escenario 1. Para los espacios naturales urbanos se consideró el Índice de Funcionalidad de parques en la propuesta de reforestación da un valor cercano a 10, donde supera el valor deseable para el caso de ciudades templadas de 7.5, demostrando la existencia de mayor riqueza ecológica en las ciudades tropicales como un valor a mantener.Escenario 2. Para las calles se consideró el indicador de Confort térmico en la propuesta de arborización se obtiene entre 7 y 9 horas de confort en el 74 % del polígono donde los valores deseables establecidos son en el 75%.              Conclusión. La conservación e incremento de las comunidades vegetales de los humedales y la arborización de calles mejoran de manera directa la calidad de vida en las ciudades tropicales y disminuye el impacto del cambio climático. La continuidad vegetal entre ambos escenarios refuerza el sistema de espacios abiertos, disminuyendo la isla de calor. En estos contextos los proyectos de forestación urbana pueden considerarse un instrumento de sostenibilidad básico que contribuye al incremento de la biodiversidad y del confort térmico.
Efectos de las actividades de labranza en el índice de área foliar en una plantación de Tectona grandis en la zona norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Valverde Juan Carlos , Guevara-Bonilla Mario , Arias Dagoberto , Briceño Elemer , Esquivel Edwin
Published: September 2017

Tectona grandis es una de las especies más utilizadas en los proyectos de reforestación en Costa Rica y ha sido plantada en sitios con problemas de capas adensadas en el perfil del suelo que retrasan el crecimiento de las plantaciones; por esta razón se hace necesario el desarrollo de actividades de labranza que mejoren las condiciones del suelo y favorezcan la productividad. En el presente estudio se evaluaron los efectos en el diámetro, altura total e índice de área foliar (IAF) de ocho tratamientos de labranza (testigo, testigo con dolomita, labrado con uno, tres y cinco cinceles tanto a 25 cm como a 40 cm de profundidad en combinación con dolomita) aplicados durante 2013 en una plantación de T. grandis. Tres años después de la labranza, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el diámetro y en altura de los árboles (en promedio 11,74 cm y 11,1 m respectivamente). En cambio, el IAF mostró la formación de dos agrupaciones de tratamientos, una conformada por el testigo y testigo con dolomita y otra por individuos con suelo labrado. La primera agrupación presentó IAF menores a 3,80 m2 m-2, con correlaciones de IAF-altura inferiores a 15% y modelos alométricos con errores estándar altos; esto se debió a la heterogeneidad de los individuos causada por el estrés generado por las condiciones de compactación en el suelo. En contraste, los individuos con suelo labrado presentaron IAF superiores a 4,5 m2 m-2, con correlaciones de IAF-altura superiores a 56% y modelos alométricos con errores estándar menores a 0,20; el aumento se atribuye al proceso de reactivación del crecimiento de los individuos producto del mejoramiento en las propiedades del suelo.
PENENTUAN KADAR FENOL DALAM AIR MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR FENOL
Authors: Tyas Aulia Ayuning , Aini Zuhrotul , Wari Wulan Sekilas
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum serta penggunaan sensor fenol dalam menentukan kadar fenol dalam air. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat sensor fenol menggunakan Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE) yang dilapisi dengan membran  kitosan  yang  telah diembankan ionofor CTAPh  (Cethyltrimethylammonium phenoxide). Kinerja sensor fenol diamati pada berbagai variasi konsentrasi ionofor, ketebalan membran dan pH larutan. Konsentrasi ionofor yang dipelajari adalah 0,5%; 1%;1,5%; 2%; dan 2,5%. Ketebalan membran diatur pada ketebalan 60µ m, 80µ m, 100µ m,110µ m. Larutan fenol dikondisikan pada pH 9, 10, 11, 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja sensor fenol optimum pada konsentrasi 1,5%, ketebalan membran 60µ m, dan pH larutan 11. Sensor fenol yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini memiliki bilangan Nernst sebesar 54,437mV/dekade, kisaran konsentrasi 10-8-10-5M (0,001-1ppm), kosentrasi terkecil yang digunakan 0,001 ppm dan waktu respon 60 detik. Sensor fenol dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fenol dalam sampel air dengan kadar dibawah batas deteksi metode standar.Kata kunci: elektroda selektif ion, ionofor, Screen Printed Carbon Electrode (SPCE), sensor fenol
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN LIDAH BUAYA
Authors: Sulistyani Nunung , Kurniati Eni , Yakup - , Cempaka Risa Ayu
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antibakteri infusa daun lidah buaya (Aloe barbadensis Miller) pada bakteri Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Streptococcus pneumonia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri infusa daun lidah buaya pada konsentrasi 20, 40, dan 60% sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Streptococcus pneumonia. Aktivitas antibakteri ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar sumuran. Infusa daun lidah buaya pada konsentrasi 60% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Pseudomonas aeroginosa yang ditunjukkan dengan terbentuknya zona bening sebesar 16,5 mm, bakteri Salmonella typhi sebesar 34 mm, dan Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 15 mm. Infusa daun lidah buaya pada konsentrasi 60% tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pneumonia yang ditunjukkan dengan tidak terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar sumuran. Oleh karena itu, infusa daun lidah buaya dapat digunakan sebagai agen antibakteri bakteri patogen Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Salmonella typhi, dan Staphylococcus aureus
As contribuições do movimento quilombola para a construção de uma proposta de educação específica
Authors: Moreira Agda Marina Ferreira , Brito José Eustáquio de
Published: August 2017

Os processos educativos e de formação político-identitários reproduzidos no interior de cada comunidade remanescente de quilombo, juntamente com as experiências advindas dos movimentos sociais quilombolas, são aspectos indispensáveis na discussão de implementação de uma modalidade escolar quilombola. Partindo de um estudo de caso, apresentaremos resultados das observações oriundas da comunidade quilombola de Carrapatos da Tabatinga e do movimento quilombola mineiro, bem como da pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado em Educação e da trajetória profissional na ONG Cedefes e na N’Golo. Para tanto, utilizamos por método a observação participantes, além de trechos de entrevistas centradas no problema, realizadas no campo de pesquisa. Dentreos resultados apresentados, buscaremos enfatizar as formas de se educar construídas nas trocas cotidianas e nas interações com as mobilizações políticas, sendo ambas importantes produtoras de pedagogias próprias, que se relacionam diretamente às reinvindicações e aos aspectos tradicionais presentes nas comunidades quilombolas, sendo parte de uma cosmovisão africana. Em constante diálogo, comunidades e movimento nos instigam a reconhecer formas alternativas de formação de sujeitos engajados, que se reconhecem enquanto quilombolas e que são responsáveis diretos pela preservação dos saberes-fazeres construídos nos espaços de suas respectivas comunidades.
TEORI DIALOGISME BAKHTIN DAN KONSEP-KONSEP METODOLOGISNYA
Authors: Manshur Fadlil Munawwar
Published: September 2017

This paper discusses the theory advanced by Bakhtin about dialogism and methodological concepts. This theory to formulate the concept of human existence on the other, which is based on the idea that humans judge him from the viewpoint of others. Humans understand the moments of consciousness and take it into account through the eyes of others. According to this theory, the essence of human life is a dialogue. The Method of heteroglossia talks about signs in the universe of individuals because of the word "heteros" means "other" or different, while "glossia" means the tongue or language. In this method mentioned that people are saying needs to be heard, and the author also has the same rights that words need to be heard. A word is born from dialogue to address the problems of life. On the other hand, Bakhtin sees carnival method has spawned a new literary genre, the polyphonic novel. The polyphonic novel is a novel that is characterized by a plurality of voice or consciousness, and the voices or the overall awareness dialogical. Polyphonic essentially a "new theory of authorial viewpoint". Polyphonic appear in fiction when the position of the author freely allowed to interact with the characters. The characters in the novel are freely polyphonic appear to argue with each other and even with the author.
Implementasi Konsep A3 Untuk Mengurangi Reject Proses Assembly
Authors: Soesilo Rahman
Published: September 2017

The A3 concept is one of the Toyota tools to propose problem-solving solutions. A3 provides status reports of ongoing activities. This research applies A3 concept to solve reject problem in plastic company assembling process. The reject rate in the assembly process is 15.6%. The implementation stage of A3 concept is identification of problem, targeting, root cause, goal setting, countermeasure, implementation plan, action and follow up. The A3 concept is in line with the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) process improvement cycle. The results show that using the concept of A3 can reduce the reject Assembly effectively and precisely.
The Charismatic Cultural Life of Cybernetics: Reading Norbert Wiener as Visible Scientist
Authors: Hamilton Sheryl N.
Published: August 2017

Background Despite cybernetics’ short, incandescent life as a scientific knowledge, it has had an enduring cultural legacy.

Analysis This article reads Norbert Wiener, the “father of cybernetics,” as a visible scientist, through an analysis of his media profile, in order to explore cybernetics as a popular culture phenomenon in the United States in the late 1940s and the 1950s.

Conclusion and implications Cybernetics emerges in the post-WWII era as a charismatic knowledge whose aura of wonder and future possibility shapes our interpretation of computing technology to this day.
Espejismo en el desierto: las fallas en la primera fase de la intervención estadounidense en Irak
Authors: Cabarcas Fabio Sánchez
Published: August 2017

La intervención estadounidense en Irak desde 2003 constituye uno de sus últimos desafíos en su política exterior. Bajo un marcado unilateralismo y sin el aval de la ONU, la Administración de G. W. Bush decidió invadir a un actor fundamental en el equilibrio de poder de Oriente Medio. Su lucha contra el terrorismo internacional ocasionó resultados adversos en Irak: crecimiento de la insurgencia y el fundamentalismo, fallas administrativas en la reconstrucción (ORHA y APC) y acciones militares en contra de la población civil en un enfrentamiento irregular. Estos factores evidencian una política errónea de Washington hacia ese país y la región.
The Concept of “Indirect Expropriation”, its appearance in the international system and its effects in the regulatory activity of governments
Authors: Barklem Courtenay , Ríos Enrique Alberto Prieto
Published: August 2017

The protection of an alien’s property in a host country against direct expropriation has long existed in the international arena. Examples of direct expropriation include nationalization, physical seizure of assets or legislated transfer of assets to the state. However such physical takings are no longer common practice. Nowadays, expropriation comes mainly in the form of “indirect expropriation”: acts and steps taken by governments which interfere with the right to the property or diminish the value of the property.This paper explores the most relevant antecedents of the concept of indirect expropriation, its appearance in the international system, the inclusion in BITs and Investment Chapters of FTAs, and the effect that the concept is having on the regulatory activity of governments
Symbols of Color Code in the Poetry of Federico Lorca (1898-1936)
Authors: Al Ghusaini Zaher Badr
Published: August 2017

The current study addresses color symbolism in the poetry of Federico Garcia Lorca, a 20th century poet. He lived in the period between 1898 and 1936 in which Spain, and particularly Granada, had a significant impact on his poetry. It lived in his verses and added a unique charisma to his poetry, emerging from its ongoing transformation from tangible visualization to artistic glances. The mention of color appeared in every poem, with some colors being more dominant than others. It added an artistic value with a pure psychological perspective, almost like a painting portraying Granada. This led critic and Spanish civilization researcher Luis Parrot to call him “a poet enchanted by colors” in his study of Lorca’s poetry, as he found him totally possessed by colors (Telisy, 1992). This addresses color symbolism that is prominent in Lorca’s poetry. Has this symbolism reflected Lorca’s character that it appeared in an unorthodox manner? Or was this symbolism traditional in its form and meaning? The study concluded that Lorca did not describe color by color, color by name, or name by color. Rather, his poetry took many forms and tastes, giving it a certain uniqueness and individuality to Lorca. Analysing Lorca’s poetry reveals its richness in color expressions. It also shows how Lorca’s awareness of color exemplified his suffering explicitly and implicitly, to maintain a certain level in his poetry on one hand, and to avoid being overt on the other
The Demographic and Environmental Factors Affecting the Social Responsibility among University Students
Authors: Momani Fawwaz Ayoub
Published: August 2017

This study aimed to identify the social responsibility (SR) and its relationship with some environmental variables in a sample of students from the University of Jordan where the study sample consisted of (420) male and female Departments of Social Work and the Economy at the University of Jordan. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a measure of social responsibility. The researcher used means, standard deviation, and t-test in order to answer the questions of this study. The results indicated that the level of social responsibility was moderate on the scale as a whole. The results showed statistically significant differences in the degree of social responsibility due to the variable of specialization, student’s educational secondary school background, the practice by students of voluntary work, the practice by parents of voluntary work, and place of family residence. The results showed that propposed there were no significant differences due to the variable of sex on the overall scale. The study some recommendations based on the results and discussion
A Book Review "خارج السرب: بحث في النسوية الإسلامية الرافضة وإغراءات الحرية"
Authors: Mohamad Al Haresi Jukhat Bent
Published: August 2017

This is a book Review of خارج السرب: بحث في النسوية الإسلامية الرافضة وإغراءات الحريةتأليف: فهمي جدعان
Omani Classical Poetry and Discourse Deviation
Authors: Al Hajri Hilal , Al Balushi Khalid
Published: August 2017

We argue in this paper that there are voices in Omani classical poetry that challenged the dominant cultural discourse and deviated from it. The paper is divided into two parts. Part one is mainly theoretical. We start by introducing Omani poetic discourse as one in which different voices compete. We then refer to literary theory to establish that poetry by definition challenges public discourse. Part two is practical. Taking what is established in Part 1 as our point of departure, we practically substantiate our claim by discussing excerpts from Omani classical poetry. We conclude by putting forward suggestions for further study.
Threats to the archaeological heritage in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Jahwari Nasser Said
Published: August 2017

This paper presents the threats to the archaeological heritage in the Sultanate of Oman which play a major role in the destruction of this heritage and its different values. It aims at drawing the attention of both the public and governmental bodies to these threats in order to reduce or minimize their impacts. To achieve this goal, the paper presents the most important of these threats and provides examples of cases that have been directly or indirectly subject to the impact of such factors in different regions of Oman. This was based on the data available from some archaeological sites that have been damaged or have been subject to surveys or rescue excavations. The paper shows that there are many human and natural factors that have impact on this heritage. Human factors are the largest and most serious of these threats in which urbanization and human development projects are in the forefront. This may lead to the loss of many values of the archaeological heritage, particularly the identity. Ultimately, the paper provides some recommendations that could contribute to enhancing the awareness of the importance of preserving the Sultanate›s archaeological heritage.
Wife Abuse in the Omani Society: An Interdisciplinary Psycho-social Study
Authors: Al Fazari Manal Khasib Hamdan
Published: August 2017

This interdisciplinary study aims at examining people’s attitudes towards wife abuse in Omani society and identifying a specific concept for wife abuse. For the purpose of this study, a specific questionnaire that addresses specific psychological and social aspects was designed based on other scales. The questionnaire was administered to (336) married men and women from all regions around Oman. For the purpose of this study, it was important to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire for use in the Omani context. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using face validity and factor analysis validity. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach ‘s alpha coefficient was used. Results of factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire consisted of four factors: psychological abuse, harm, insult and humiliation, and control and domination. Results of this research helped identify a specific concept of wife abuse in Omani culture and design a psycho-social measure to examining the attitudes towards wife abuse in Omani society
Obstacles Faced by Social Workers in Trying to Benefit from Other Sciences Related to Social Service during their Professional Practice in Schools
Authors: Sofy Osman Abdel Rahman , Elsherbiny Mohamed Mohamed , Al-Saqri Mohammed Nasser
Published: August 2017

Although social workers may have studied some important interdisciplinary sciences, they do not know how to use or apply them. This led the research team to conduct the study on some social workers in schools in El-Seeb, Muscat, to identify the difficulties they face while trying to benefit from interdisciplinary knowledge. The study is considered a descriptive; data was collected through an electronic questionnaire. The results showed that social workers encounter a number of difficulties related to the professional preparation of social workers, school administrations, available school facilities, and finally social workers themselves. The study also found that there is need to train social work students to conduct interdisciplinary research on social work and related sciences.
Jovellanos y Blanco. En torno al "Semanario patriótico" de 1809
Authors: Lloréns Vicente
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
De Almudena y su lenguaje
Authors: Lida Denah
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
(Examen de revistas) Anales del Instituto de Lingüística: tomo 4 (1950).
Authors: Lope Blanch Juan M.
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó: Anales del Instituto de Lingüística: tomo 4 (1950).
Revue de Littérature Comparée: tomo 24 (1950), tomo 25 (1951), tomo 26 (1952), tomo 27 (1953), tomo 28 (1954).
Authors: Speratti-Piñero Emma Susana , Alatorre Antonio
Published: August 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Revue de Littérature Comparée: tomo 24 (1950), tomo 25 (1951), tomo 26 (1952), tomo 27 (1953), tomo 28 (1954).
Terrazas y su "Nuevo mundo y conquista" en los albores de la mexicanidad
Authors: Amor y Vázquez José
Published: August 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Fotografi adalah Seni: Sanggahan terhadap Analisis Roger Scruton mengenai Keabsahan Nilai Seni dari Sebuah Foto
Authors: Susanto Andreas Arie
Published: August 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyanggah argumentasi Roger Scruton mengenai keabsahan nilai seni dari sebuah foto. Scruton berpendapat bahwa fotografi bukanlah karya seni. Fotografi hanyalah sebuah tindakan mekanis dalam menghasilkan suatu gambar, bukan representasi melainkan hanyalah peristiwa kausal, bukan gambaran imajinasi, tetapi hanya kopian. Fotografi mengandaikan adanya kemudahan dalam penciptaan seni. Pernyataan Scruton semakin dikuatkan dengan fenomena perkembangan teknologi yang sudah melupakan sisi estetis dan hanya berpasrah sepenuhnya pada tindakan mesin. Penekanan berlebihan terhadap keunggulan reduplikasi, proses instan, dan otomatisasi fotografi membuat fotografi kehilangan tempatnya di dunia seni. Akan tetapi, persoalan seni adalah persoalan rasa. Fotografi tetaplah sebuah seni dengan melihat adanya relasi intensional yang tercipta antara objek dan seorang fotografer dalam sebuah foto. Relasi intensional ini tercermin dalam proses, imajinasi, dan kreativitas fotografer di dalam menghasilkan sebuah foto. Lukisan dan fotografi adalah seni menurut rasanya masing-masing. Photography is an Art: A Disaproval towards Roger Scruton's Analysis on the Legitimacy of Art Value of a Photograph. This paper aims to disprove Roger Scruton's argument about the validity of the artistic value of a photograph. Scruton argues that photography is not a work of art. Photography is simply a mechanical action in producing a picture, not a representation but merely a causal event, not an imaginary image, but only a copy. Photography presupposes the ease of art creation. Scruton's statement is further reinforced by the phenomenon of technological development that has forgotten the aesthetic side and only entirely devoted to the action of the machine. The excessive emphasis on the benefits of reduplication, instant processing, and photographic automation makes photography lose its place in the art world. However, the issue of art is a matter of taste. Photography remains an art by seeing the intense relationships created between an object and a photographer in a photograph. This intense relationship is reflected in the process, imagination, and creativity of the photographer in producing a photograph. Painting and photography are arts according to their own taste.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Azevedo Ramiro Corrêa
Published: August 2017

A Contemporaneidade caracteriza-se, seguramente, pela dicotomia velocidade e abrangência. Principalmente, quando se trata do processo comunicativo, envolvendo uma quantidade numerosa de público. Este é o caso da nossa Revista CEUMA Perspectivas online, destinada au grand publique discente, docente e comunitário.As conquistas culturais, mormente as de cunho epistemológico, devem ser configuradas e expressas na dinâmica do mundo globalizado, no Leitmotiv da praticidade, disponibilidade, acesso veloz, funcional e competente. Deste modo, a Universidade CEUMA está investindo em ambos os tipos comunicativos, o impresso e o eletrônico, cujo alvo é a instantaneidade da informação e a funcionalidade da pesquisa científica.Sob difusão local, nacional e internacional, a Revista CEUMA Perspectivas alcançará um público leitor mais amplo, mais cosmopolita e mais diversificado. Com o periódico no formato eletrônico, os pesquisadores irão dispor de amplo espectro informativo. A pesquisa, portanto, encontrará, nesse veículo científico, um caminho dinâmico, em dias com o progresso da mídia digital.Nesse caminho, a Universidade CEUMA publica, ainda, a Revista de Investigação Biomédica no formato eletrônico, além de disponibilizar material bibliográfico da Pearson e da Editora Saraiva, bem como o acesso ao Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, entre outros.Desta forma, atuando na dinâmica comunicativa, científica e artística, a Universidade CEUMA participa do seu lema cultural e humanístico, que é o de bem servir o Maranhão, o Brasil e o mundo.
Finna - käyttäjät ja trendit 2016
Authors: Messo Jyrki , Peltonen Riitta
Published: August 2017

Finna toteutti vuoden 2016 lopulla ison käyttäjäkyselyn osana Finnan trendiraporttia. Finnassa on alusta lähtien ollut periaate käyttäjäkeskeisestä kehittämisestä ja loppukäyttäjien kuuntelusta. Nykyaikana sähköiset menetelmät mahdollistavat varsin laajankin käyttäjäpalautteen keruun.
Valor em Risco (Var-Value at Risk)
Authors: Silva Eduardo Sá e
Published: September 2017

O VAR (Value at Risk), valor em risco, é a perda máxima provável de uma carteira para um nível de confiança determinado, num horizonte temporal especificado. As metodologias podem ser várias paro estimar o VAR, mas dividem-se em dois grandes grupos: os não paramétricos (simulações Históricas e simulações Monte Carlo) e os paramétricos, baseadas na variância e covariância.Nesta sessão, só nos iremos debruçar sobre as metodologias não paramétricas:- Simulações Históricas que se baseiam no pressuposto de que a variação futura dos preços dos activos relevantes na carteira, se distribuirão da mesma forma que no passado.-Simulações Monte Carlo cuja única difirença para as simulações históricas reside na forma de se obterem os cenários simulados, que constituem uma amostra gerada de forma (pseudo) aleatória, tendo em conta uma determinada distribuição.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COLLABORATIVE LEARNING MODEL ON TRIGONOMETRY TOPIC OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT GRADUATE X USING OPEN-ENDED APPROACH
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of collaborative learning using open-ended approach and open-ended approach in terms of problem solving skillss students. This study is a quasi-experimental research with the entire population of ten graduate science students of SMA Negeri 2 Ngaglik, Sleman, Yogyakarta which consists of four classes. The research samples were randomly selected from the four existing classes, in order to obtain class X MIPA 3 to be given collaborative learning model using open-ended approach and class X MIPA 1 to be given open-ended approach. Data analysis technique consists of one sample t-test used to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative learning model using open-ended approach and open-ended approach. The results show that collaborative learning model using open-ended approach is effective in terms of student’s problem solving skillss of SMA Negeri 2 Ngaglik, Sleman, Yogyakarta. But, open-ended approach isn’t effective in terms of student’s problem solving skillss of SMA Negeri 2 Ngaglik, Sleman, Yogyakarta.
ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CURRICULUM 2013 OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN SUMENEP DISTRICT MADURA ISLAND
Authors: Indriani Dian Eka
Published: September 2017

New curriculum has been implemented by Indonesia government in an effort to improve quality of education in 2013. Curriculum 2013 is implemented only in grade I, IV, VII and Class X against 6,325 target schools. In 2014/2015 academic year Curriculum 2013 is applied to the class I, II, IV, IV, VII, VIII, IX and X in all schools in Indonesia. This study conducted in Sumenep district Madura Island as supported study to monitoring and evaluation of Curriculum in 2013 on assessment system in East Java province. The research method used is descriptive qualitative by using observation, interviews and questionnaires techniques. The results showed optimism and expectations from respondents consist of teachers, headmasters and students in curriculum 2013’s assessment system. The findings are expected to support decision-making by stakeholders and improve the implementation of Curriculum 2013.
Analysis on English Speaking Performance: Exploring Students’ Errors and The Causes
Authors: Dayat Dayat
Published: September 2017

This study was aimed to analyze students’ errors and the causes during speaking performance by twenty-nine fourth semester English students of in IKIP PGRI Pontianak who had low speaking performance. In collecting the data, video recordings were used to find errors and frequencies, while, focus group interview investigating factors of speaking errors. The data were analyzedby identifying the errors, grouping and tabulating into category codes. To analyze the interview, 1) listening to talking data, 2) shaping talking data, 3) communicating talking data with an interpretative intent, 4) reproducing or (re)constructing data, and building data credibility. The findings showed speaking errors with five categories: 28% of incorrect omissions, 26% of unnecessary words, 24% of misused forms, 19% of confused forms, and 3% of misplaced forms. Furthermore, other findings mostly included the causes of errors that influenced them in speaking were interlingual transfer, intralingual transfer, learning context, and communication strategies.
Towards a More Precise Conceptualization of Empathy: An Integrative Review of Literature on Definitions, Associated Functions, and Developmental Trajectories
Authors: Zurek Peter Paul , Scheithauer Herbert
Published: August 2017

Empathy entails basic cognitive processes such as the recognition of facial expressions and basic emotional processes such as emotional contagion, but also higher-order cognitive processes such as abstract reasoning about the other person’s emotional states and higher-order emotional processes such as empathic concern. Thus, empathy must be conceptualized as a multidimensional and multifaceted construct. It can be differentiated from related constructs such as theory of mind, emotional contagion, compassion, emotional mimicry, or perspective-taking by its associated processes and functions. To understand the nature of empathy, it is important to combine phylogenetic, ontogenetic, neuroscientific, dynamic-interactionist, and sociological perspectives on this phenomenon.
Efficient Skipping of Single Exon Duplications in DMD Patient-Derived Cell Lines Using an Antisense Oligonucleotide Approach
Authors: Wein Nicolas , Vulin Adeline , Findlay Andrew R. , Gumienny Felecia , Huang Nianyuan , Wilton Steve D. , Flanigan Kevin M.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Exon skipping strategies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have largely been directed toward altering splicing of exons flanking out-of-frame deletions, with the goal of restoring an open mRNA reading frame that leads to production of an internally deleted but partially functional dystrophin protein.

Objective:

We sought to apply exon skipping to duplication mutations, assuming that the inherently limited efficiency of antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping would more frequently skip a single copy of a duplicated exon, rather than both and result in significant amounts of wild-type DMD mRNA.

Methods:

We tested this hypothesis in fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with a variety of single or multiple exon duplications that have been modified to allow transdifferentiation into a myogenic lineage.

Results:

Using a variety of 2’O-methyl antisense oligonucleotides, significant skipping was induced for each duplication leading to a wild-type transcript as a major mRNA product.

Conclusions:

This study provides another proof of concept for the feasibility of therapeutic skipping in patients carrying exon duplications in order to express wild-type, full-length mRNA, although careful evaluation of the skipping efficiency should be performed as some exons are easier to skip than others. Such a personalized strategy is expected to be highly beneficial for this subset of DMD patients, compared to inducing expression of an internally-deleted dystrophin.
Road Safety Risk Evaluation Using GIS-Based Data Envelopment Analysis—Artificial Neural Networks Approach
Authors: Shah Syyed , Brijs Tom , Ahmad Naveed , Pirdavani Ali , Shen Yongjun , Basheer Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Identification of the most significant factors for evaluating road risk level is an important question in road safety research, predominantly for decision-making processes. However, model selection for this specific purpose is the most relevant focus in current research. In this paper, we proposed a new methodological approach for road safety risk evaluation, which is a two-stage framework consisting of data envelopment analysis (DEA) in combination with artificial neural networks (ANNs). In the first phase, the risk level of the road segments under study was calculated by applying DEA, and high-risk segments were identified. Then, the ANNs technique was adopted in the second phase, which appears to be a valuable analytical tool for risk prediction. The practical application of DEA-ANN approach within the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment will be an efficient approach for road safety risk analysis.