bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Home Tele-Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review of The Literature
Authors: Quispe Andrea Elizabeth Villarroel , Álvarez Alex Fernando Lara , Fray Verónica del Pilar Gavilanes , Chacón Lisbeth Reales
Published: October 2024

The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the published studies on the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of home telerehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in particular to determine whether its benefits are not inferior to those of classic outpatient or inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation. A systematic review of the electronic databases Medline, Cochrane Library, PEDro, BMJ Best Practice, BMC Pulmonary Medicine, LILACS, academic search and ScienceDirect was performed to identify randomized controlled clinical trials, a parallel non-inferiority trial and a pilot study. Reference lists of selected studies were also reviewed for additional eligible articles focusing on telerehabilitation via videoconferencing (n = 2), one study focusing on an online respiratory therapist-delivered exercise program (n = 1), and one study focusing on a mobile phone-based COPD exercise program (n = 1). The telerehabilitation programs showed that exercise capacity and quality of life were not inferior to those of a hospital-based outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. The level of scientific evidence is moderate. More high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Outpatient Cases at Baeza Basic Hospital, Ecuador
Authors: Páliz Karina Inés Paredes , Velasteguí Vladimir Medardo Pazmiño , Salazar Anabell del Rocio Urbina , Torres Alberto Renato Inca
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the current major public health issues, as these compounds constitute a primary tool for controlling and treating bacterial infections.  Objective: To determine the bacterial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in outpatient individuals attending the Microbiology Laboratory of Baeza Basic Hospital (BBH) during the period January-December 2023.  Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli during the period January-December 2023. Results: We analyzed 169 positive urine culture results from outpatient individuals of both sexes, varying ages, with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (80.1%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (3.8%) and Proteus mirabilis (3.3%). Regarding antimicrobial resistance profiles expressed as a percentage for E. coli, they were as follows: ampicillin (70.8%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (48.8%), trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (44.0%), and ciprofloxacin (34.3%). 12.4% of E. coli were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The sensitivity of E. coli to nitrofurantoin was 92.1%, ampicillin-sulbactam 90.4%, and fosfomycin 87.1%. Conclusions: The recommended empirical first-line treatment is nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and as second-line options, cephalexin and cefuroxime for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Based on this information, it is proposed to develop a Clinical Guide for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the study areaarea.
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authors: Aldergham Muath , Alfouri Areeg , Madat Rasha Al
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence in medicine refers to the use of machine learning models to help process medical data and provide medical professionals with important insights, improving health outcomes and patient experience. Thanks to recent advances in computer science and informatics, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an integral part of modern healthcare. Therefore, artificial intelligence algorithms and other AI-powered applications are now used to support medical professionals in clinical settings and in ongoing research.
There are several applications of Artificial intelligence in medicine, including applications to help detect and diagnose diseases; applications to treat diseases with the help of an AI-powered virtual assistant; AI applications in medical imaging; applications to increase the efficiency of clinical trials; and applications to accelerate drug development. The benefits of Artificial intelligence in medicine can be summarized in providing informed patient care, reducing errors, reducing care costs, and increasing doctor-patient engagement.
Self-Care Practices Regarding Eating Habits, Knowledge of Diet and Exercise for Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Muhaisen Ali Sakran , Yasir Amean A
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes is an incurable condition. Adopting lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and regular physical activity, plays a crucial role in effectively managing type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and preventing its potential long-term consequences. The aim of this article is to assess sociodemographic characteristics and self-care practices with eating habits patterns among T2DM.. Materials and Methods: The study chose a cross-sectional design, and the non-probability (purposive) method was used to identify participants. The total sample consisted of 150 participants who suffer from type 2 diabetes and who have patient records and files within the Diabetes Center at Marjan Medical City from June 20th, 2023, to November 10th, 2023. Results: The study findings indicated that the study showed good knowledge at Mean± SD= 2.35±0.0.46.  , according to their levels of education the significance at (p<0.024 ).. Results: The study results indicate that the patients’ adherence increased as the education levels increased and vice versa. while the study showed partial adherence to diet and exercises at Mean± SD= 1.55±0.17 as well the study also found a highly significant association between the self-care practice for patients regarding the diet and exercise and some sociodemographic variables such as education levels, at a statistically significant level (p < 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results, the study concluded There was partial adherence to diet and exercise among patients with type II diabetes. However, factors such as the educational status of participants were found to influence the chance to self-care practice recommendations.
Hypofractionated Gamma Knife Radiosurgery in Big Tumors
Authors: Kadhem Mohammed Hassan , Ahmed Rasha S. , Hamandi Yasir.M H.
Published: October 2024

Objective: This research aimed to determine the most effective dosages and achieve improved outcomes without surgical intervention, discomfort, or blood loss. Its objective was also to regulate the formation of both benign and malignant tumours and reduce tumour size. Patients and Methods: A study involving 50 patients at Dr. Saad Al-Witry Hospital for Neurosciences and Al-Altaj Hospital examined brain tumours using MRI models, CBCT, and a gamma knife device. Patients with large tumours were included, while those receiving single fractions of treatment and pregnant women were excluded. Patients were prepared using Leksell frames, thermoplastic masks, and personalised stereotactic masks. Gamma Knife radiosurgery sessions were administered based on tumour size, location, and patient tolerance. Results: This study analysed the use of hypofractionation gamma knife treatment for six brain tumours: Meningioma, Glioma, Schwannoma, Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM), Pituitary Adenoma, and Metastasis. The mean dose distribution was higher in metastasis, followed by AVM, meningioma, glioma, schwannoma, and pituitary adenoma. The maximum dose was found in metastasis, followed by meningioma, glioma, pituitary adenoma, AVM, and schwannoma. The coverage of the target reached excellent value for metastasis, followed by AVM and pituitary adenoma. The beam on time for the treatment was highest in meningioma. Following six months of treatment, the study found a significant difference in tumour volume before and after six months. The highest reduction was observed in meningioma cases, followed by glioma and vestibular schwannoma. A study involving ten patients showed a significant reduction in tumours after a year of gamma knife treatment, with meningioma cases showing the highest reduction. Conclusion: The study found that metastasis was the most common cancer, followed by meningioma, glioma, schwannoma, AVM, and schwannoma. After six months, meningioma showed the highest reduction, and meningioma showed a better response to hypofractionation, followed by AVM.
Mini screw Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) Application and Impact Evaluation Review
Authors: Nasrawi Hayder AL , Mohammed-Salih Harraa S.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: A maxillary transverse deficit is one of the most frequent craniofacial issues. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) has historically been recommended for the treatment of children and early adolescents. However, due to the ossification of facial sutures, this procedure is inappropriate for late teens or adults. The surgical method known as surgically aided rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) was first recommended for this group of individuals; however, the presence of morbidity is related to the surgical process. Micro-implant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has been used to enable maxillary expansion in skeletally mature patients. Through a discussion of its history, indications, treatment effects, stability, and limits in the existing body of research, the purpose of this article is to explore the function that MARPE plays in clinical orthodontics.
Performance Assessment of Health Visitor and Family Medicine Units in Babylon's Main Health Care Centers
Authors: Anied Ayad abbas , Alkhafaji Naiel Abbass Kadhiem , Malaa Saba Fadhil Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: The Ministry of Health (MoH) has developed a standardized package of basic health services for all primary healthcare (PHC) facilities to enhance service quality. This study evaluates service availability and facility needs in the family health units in Babylon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three family healthcare sectors (the first Al-Hillah sector, Al-Musayyib sector, and Al-Hashemiyyah sector), which includes 6 out of 23 primary healthcare centers in the Babylon Governorate. The data collection started on March 3, 2022, and ended on August 27, 2022, and was randomly chosen from all sectors. Results: According to this study, the family health unit had a poor mean score of 48.03±17.97. Similarly, the health visitor indicators had an inadequate level of assessment, with a mean score of 46.87±14.09. In conclusion, this revealed a study that the primary health care centers evaluated had poor scores in all the final evaluation indicators for the family health unit and the health visitor unit.
Concordance Between Actual and Estimated Blood Loss: A Bleeding Calculation Simulation Exercise
Authors: López M Cruz , Ku A. Mengual , M.I. Lobatón Paredes , González A. González
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Historically, visual estimation of blood loss during and after delivery has been the primary method for determining obstetric blood loss. This method is quick, easy, and cost-free, and it allows for the prompt identification of suspected postpartum hemorrhage. However, the majority of clinical studies concur that this method is imprecise and may underestimate the extent of bleeding produced during vaginal delivery. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the concordance between the estimated blood loss observed visually by physicians and residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the actual bleeding observed in a simulation exercise, with the aim of calculating the bleeding. terial and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted through the use of a simulation model at the General Hospital of Zone 20 of the IMSS in Puebla. A visual estimation was conducted between physicians and residents using surgical material (compresses and gauze) with a certain amount of blood. The evaluation of the estimate was carried out in three stations with different bleeding levels. The estimation of total bleeding was counted in milliliters using the visual method. A comparison of means was conducted using the ANOVA statistical test to evaluate the bleeding calculation. The relative error was calculated in order to determine the extent of agreement between the estimated and actual blood values for each station. Results: A total of 94 physicians, including residents in training in the specialty of Gynecology and Obstetrics, enrolled in the study.  The discrepancy between the actual and estimated blood loss in a simulation exercise among affiliated obstetrician-gynecologists was 65.3%, while in the group of resident physicians it was 145.6%. It was determined that there was an 84% overestimation of bleeding. The relative error percentage for "Scenario A" was 141%, "Scenario C" yielded a result of 85%, and "Scenario B" produced a result of 74%. Conclusion: The agreement between the actual and estimated blood loss performed by obstetrician-gynecologists assigned to a bleeding calculation simulation exercise is slightly superior to that obtained by resident physicians. The lowest percentages of relative error were obtained by fourth- and third-year residents.
Aggressive Thoracic Spine Hemangioma Treated by Total En Bloc Spondylectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Akbar Kukuh Ali , Hidayat Aries Rakhmat
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Vertebral hemangioma (VH) is the most widely faced tumor in the vertebral column. It is generally asymptomatic and slowly growing. Moreover, the appearance of extraosseous extensions in vertebral hemangiomas is locally aggressive, causing neurological deficits, and should be distinguished from other vertebral hemangiomas based on its prognosis and treatment. Here we present a rare case of vertebral hemangioma caused by thoracic cord compression and healed by total en block spondylectomy.Objectives: We present a case of VH with extraskeletal expansion that caused the progressive neurologic deficit and was medicated by resection of the entire tumor.Methods: A 33-year-old female came to the Soetomo General Hospital outpatient clinic with the main complaints of back pain and being unable to move her legs since September 2021. In July 2021, the patient felt tingling in her lower extremities. The patient was still able to walk, but she felt the weakness develop. She still can urinate, but she has a defecation problem. There is no history of a palpable mass in some places. The patient is a housewife and she has no previous history of any disease.Results: The patient felt tingling in her lower limbs. She didn’t lose her to walk, but she felt the weakness develop. On the physical examination, there was a neurological deficit at the lower extremity. According to radiographic and histopathologic examination, the patient was diagnosed with VH at the T5 level. We then performed total en-block spondylectomy and posterior stabilization. As a result, the motoric part improved but sensory deficits still occurred. Neurological improvement happened during the follow-up in three months. An inevitable challenge awaits in terms of the medication of VH with extraskeletal expansion that causes neurologic deficits.  Pre-operative diagnosis including radiologic and pathologic findings is essential for the strategy and decision for combative hemangioma. An unjustified diagnosis may lead to an inappropriate surgical strategy or the emergence of various complications.Conclusions: Vertebral hemangiomas with extraosseous extension causing spinal cord compression should be considered an aggressive benign tumor, and total excision that includes a tumor margin is indicated.
Comparison of the Activity of IL-6 and IL22 as More Inflammatory Cytokines Related to the Pathogenesis of celiac Disease Between Active and Gluten-Free Diet Patient
Authors: Aljamrawy Dhiaa aldin.B. , AL-Yasiri Israa K. , Beg Karrar A. Ali
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the activity of anti-inflammatory IL-6 (aIL-6) and pro-regenerative IL-22 in celiac disease patients based on their dietary habits. By comparing cytokine levels between patients on active gluten-containing diets and those on gluten-free diets, we sought to elucidate the potential role of diet in modulating inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes in celiac disease. The study made use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the serum levels of interleukins IL6 and IL22. This was performed on three different groups: Group 1, which consisted of 40 recently identified active celiac patients; Group 2, which included 20 patients following a gluten-free diet; and Group 3, which contained 40 apparently healthy individuals .the individuals included in the study had been previously confirmed as celiac patients through serology, specifically by detecting both anti-IgA and IgG antibodies against tTG and gliadin using indirect immunofluorescence. The findings revealed a notable difference in IL6 levels between the patient and control groups, with a P-value of 0.041. However, when the patient groups were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) method, there were no significant differences between Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2) with a P-value of 0.101, and between Group 1 and Group 3 (G3) with a P-value of 0.720. Yet, a more pronounced difference was observed between Group2 and Group3,with a P-value less than 0.015.Regarding IL22 levels, there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups, with a P-value of 0.002. Further comparisons using the LSD method revealed no significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2, with a P-value less than 0.154. However, a highly significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 3, with a P-value less than 0.01. Also, significant differences were observed between Group 2 and Group 3, with a P-value less than 0.012.  In conclusion, there is important role of the  inflammatory cytokines il-6 and il-22 in the inflammation of celiac disease and potential role for these cytokines in the pathogenesis and management of the disease. Adherence to a gluten-free diet appears to have a beneficial effect on modulating the inflammatory response and improving clinical outcomes in celiac disease.
A Histo-Physiological Study of The Effect of Resveratrol on Osteoporosis-Induced in Rats
Authors: Ali Mohammad Abdulazeez , Abdulazeez Zahraa Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Using an animal model of D-galactose-induced osteoporosis (OP), the researchers examined the effects of resveratrol supplementation on body weight, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and bone calcin (OC) levels and classified mice randomized into the following groups: Subgroup C (n=10): within 60 days participants will receive 1 ml of distilled water. In the D-galactose group (n=10), osteoporosis will be induced by intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg/day of D-galactose for 60 consecutive days. Group R of 10 subjects will receive a dose of 25 mg/kg of oral resveratrol for 60 days.The DR group of the group of 10 subjects will receive D-galactose 200 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally in for osteoporosis and oral resveratrol at 25 mg/kg/day for 60 days. There was a distinct difference in body weight before and after OP infusion in each group in the study. The D-galactose group (D) showed significantly higher levels of ALP and OC compared with the control group. In contrast, the resveratrol group (R) showed significantly lower levels compared with the control group and the D group. Finally, the group treated with the combination of D-galactose and resveratrol (DR) showed significantly higher levels compared to the control group and the group treated with resveratrol alone (R). the. and more microfractures On the other hand, the resveratrol group (R) had thicker bone trabeculae, reduced intertrabecular space, and fewer microfractures. In addition, a protective effect against D-galactose-induced changes was observed in the resveratrol group, and these effects were dose-dependent The findings suggested resveratrol treatment in an animal model of osteoarthritis induced by D-galactose improved their weight, bone turnover markers (ALP and OC), and histological parameters were dependent on resveratrol levels.
Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts of Artemisia , Citrullus and Capparis
Authors: Kassab Mohammed Ali , Habil Mohammed Karim , Chelab Rahman Laibi , Farhood Abeer Hadi
Published: October 2024

The current study shows the effectiveness of three plant extracts of Artemisia, Citrullus fruits and Capparis roots against the microbes of some common and important pathogens, which have become resistant to many antibiotics due to genetic mutations that occur in them, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia .The sensitivity of the studied isolates varied according to the type of extract and the type of solvent used, Alcoholic or Aqueous, as well as on the type of bacteria. While the effect of the effectiveness of the extracts of the fruits of the Citrullus plant and the roots of the capers plant showed a variation from one bacteria to another and from one extract to another.
Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Strength of Implant Supported Crown Fabricated from CAD/CAM and 3D Printed Resin Matrix Ceramic
Authors: Sabih Diana Qasim , Jasim Haider Hasan , Sabih Diana Qasim
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare fracture strength of screw-retained implant-supported crown of resin matrix ceramic when fabricated using CAD/CAM and 3D printing Material and method: vericom Mazic® Duro (CAD/CAM Nano Hybrid Ceramic) was used as particle-filled composite CAD/CAM material, saremco Print Crowntec (3D printable resins-based) as 3D printed composite material, and the control group was composed of IPS e.max. ZirCAD ivoclar vivadent (zirconia) was used to fabricate mandibular first molar screw-retained, implant-supported crowns. After the fabrication, the crowns were cemented with the Rely X U200 self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE, Germany) on stock abutments tightened to analogs embedded in acrylic resin. Finally, all crowns were subjected to a fracture resistance test. fracture strength was evaluated by using one–way ANOVA with Chi-square used for the association between the modes of fracture. Result: The results showed that there were significant differences between all the groups used, the control group (Group zirconia) was significantly higher, as the mean was equal to 6391 N. Followed by Group vericom (cad/cam) with a mean of 2558 N, then Group seramco (3D printing) with a mean of 817.92 N. Dunnett T3 test showed statistically significant differences in fracture resistance between the three groups. There was no significant difference between the modes of fracture and the methods. Conclusion: Screw-retained implant-supported crowns manufactured by CAD/CAM technique had better fracture resistance value than those of the 3D printed technique. Clinical Relevance: resin matrix ceramic is a possible substitute for zirconia in an implant-supported crown
Correlation Of NAG, NGAL, and Oxidative Parameters For Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Al-Kufaishi Ali M. A. , W.Hussein Alya’a , Al-Musawi Noor J.T.
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical syndrome that is present in diabetic mellitus patients and characterized by albuminuria {>200 or >300 mg\day}, a gradual glomerular filtration rate decline along with hypertension. Objective: Study the correlation between N_acetyl-ß-D-glucamindase and human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and oxidative parameters in diabetic nephropathy patients compared with a control group and several variables by Explaining the results scientifically. Method: The blood sample was collected from forty-five diabetic nephropathy patients and forty-five controls from Merjin Medical Hospital and Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital in Iraq to assess N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels by used Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent Assay technicality (ELISA) and also to determine the oxidative parameters (total oxidant system, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde and glutathione) by used spectrophotometer. Result: positive correlation for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase with total oxidant status and malondialdehyde where the correlation coefficient (r=0.893**, 0.809**) at respectively and negative correlation with total antioxidant capacity and glutathione where the (r=-0.851**, -0.465**) at respectively, and exact correlation for human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin with total oxidant status, malondialdhyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione. Conclusion: The assessment of NAG, NAGL, and oxidant parameters can provide crucial information for the early diagnosis, management, and therapy of these patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Cults in the Hindu religion
Authors: Salman Hussam Al-Din Muhammad , Saab Wamedh Faris
Published: October 2024

Through our journey through the world of Hindu worship, we discovered that this religion is characterized by great flexibility, as it adapts to temporal and spatial changes, and accommodates the opinions and orientations of various philosophers and thinkers. Hinduism is not a static religion, but rather a living religion that is constantly evolving.
Detect The Most Important Changes That Occur in The Stomach Tissue of Patients Infected With H. Pylori
Authors: Yas Heba Hassan , Toama Faeza Nasir , Al-Obaidi Aswad H. Habib
Published: October 2024

The current study aimed to detect the most important changes that occur in the stomach tissue of patients infected with H. pylori. Samples were collected from the Endoscope Unit for the period from 12/14/2022 to 1/30/2024 at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Al-Watan Al-Ahli Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate, from both sexes for the age group (14-57) years. Stool samples were taken from the same patients those undergoing laparoscopy for the purpose of investigating the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Tissue biopsy samples were taken by the gastroenterologist using laparoscopic forceps, and (88) samples were obtained from these patients, with two tissue biopsies from each patient. The histological results of people infected with Helicobacter pylori bacteria showed many histological changes, including infiltration of inflammatory cells, which was accompanied by multiple tissue necrosis, and damage to some gastric glands as a result of degeneration of glandular epithelial cells with thickening of the basal membrane, in addition to necrosis and damage to most of the gastric glands. Narrowing of the lumen of some glands, sometimes their complete atrophy, metaplasia of the epithelial cells of the gastric glands and the epithelial tissue lining the antral area, and cell shedding occur. It is concluded from the current study that H. pylori has led to many tissue lesions in the stomach of patients, the most important of which is stomach ulceration.
Determinants and predictors of Occupational Burnout syndrome among Residents Physicians
Authors: Mohammed Mayada Kamil , Ibraheem Nisreen Mohammed , Ahmed Athraa Essa , Mohammed Teeba B. , Asker Mustafa M. , Mohammed Mustafa R.
Published: October 2024

Background: The burnout syndrome has 3 dimensions; first is emotional exhaustion, second one is depersonalization, and third  is  low personal accomplishment. Work related burnout is increased nowadays and it becomes a serious problem affecting people who working in human services, particularly healthcare workers. This study aimed to: Determine the frequency of burnout syndrome and related factors among Salahaddin resident physicians. Subject and Method: A cross-sectional study , done from 11th of November 2021 to 15th of March 2022. A convenient sample of 100 resident and permanent doctors, working in Salahdin Public hospitals. Inclusion criteria were current residents doctor who had at least one year in a residency program. Data collected using interview questionnaire form based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory.  Results: The 100 resident doctor information analyzed and found that 56(56%) , 44(44%)  were male and  female respectively. High frequency of the resident aged 26-30 years 68(68%), 75(75%) of them living in Salahdin, junior residents represent 52(52%) and 48(48%) were permanent resident. The high scores of occupational exhaustion was reported among 41(41%). The high scores of depersonalization / loss of empathy was reported among 42(42%). The low scores of personal accomplishment assessment scores was reported among 64(64%). Females 21(47.7%) had more occupational exhaustion than male doctors 20(35.7%). high score of depersonalization / loss of empathy reported among 22(39.3%) of the male and 20(45.5%) of the females. Conclusion: burnout frequency was high among Iraqi residents with high scores of occupational exhaustion, and depersonalization/ loss of empathy, and high percentage of low scores of personal accomplishment assessment.
Developments in Japanese policy towards the African continent for the period (1946 - 2003)
Authors: Sultan Amer Rahim , Hammadi Dhari Sarhan
Published: October 2024

The topic of Japanese policy towards the African continent is one of the topics that has not been adequately highlighted, so this study came to explain the developments of Japanese policy during the period of the study, showing through it Japan’s policy interests in Africa and the tools for implementing them, as Japanese interests range between what is economic and what is The basis is the Japanese approach to obtain natural resources and wealth and open markets after the rapid growth achieved by Japanese industries, and what is political, which aims to restructure the Security Council in order to obtain a permanent seat and for Japan to take a greater role befitting its economic and political status in global issues. And what is security, which aims to combat piracy, achieve maritime security, and maintain peace to preserve its strategic interests on the continent.
Diagnostic Study Of Bladder Cancer Using Urine Methylation Biomarkers Of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Rahma Hassanain Ali , Abdulla Hanna N. , Salim Dr. Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 4th most frequently occurring malignancy and the 9th most common cause of death worldwide in men. The invasive and metastatic form of the cancer is the main cause of death or unfavorable prognosis for BC patients. The presence of a bladder tumor is often discovered after episodes of painless macroscopic hematuria. At initial diagnosis, the disease is non-muscle-invasive in approximately 75% of patients. In recent years, detecting aberrantly methylated DNA in urine has emerged as a promising and noninvasive approach to aid BC diagnosis. Objective: To detect bladder tumors in Iraqi patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sixty cases were suspected of having bladder tumors according to the opinion of the physician and some signs and symptoms, the best sign was hematuria in urine (per diagnosis). An additional 30 healthy controls with similar age and sex were recruited as control groups, with an average age of 37_85 years.  from Baghdad Medical City / Ghazi al–Hariri Teaching Hospital and AlKindi Specialized Hospital during the period from September / 2023 to April / 2024. Using molecular polymerase chain reaction (high-resolution melting-PCR). Results: Out of 60 bladder inflammations, the result of hypermethylation genes ZNF154, EOMES, and POU4F2, Sensitivity were (71.7, 85, and 75) %, and Specificity (60, 33.3, and 50) % respectively with high significant differences (p < 0.01). In addition. Conclusions: Detecting DNA hypermethylation is considered a good diagnosis method for bladder tumors.
Dosing in Three Levels of Apricot Seed Oil and Its Affects on Some Fresh and Frozen Sheep Meat Traits
Authors: Al-Bayati Nashaat Kareem Jawad , Ibraheem Maysloon Wail , Barekar Sheetal Sachin , Dari Sukhvinder Singh , Dhabliya Dharmesh , Patil Mukesh
Published: October 2024

Its impact on some characteristics of frozen meat from Iraqi sheep. The experiment was carried out at the Animal Production Field of the College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, from August 22, 2023, to December 2, 2023. Fifteen lambs were used, divided into three groups (five lambs per group) with similar average weights (24.40 kg). The treatments were randomly assigned, and a collective feeding system was employed using a single formula of concentrated feed at 3% of the live animal's weight. The results indicated a significant difference (P≤0.05) in the moisture content favoring the first treatment over the second and third treatments. Conversely, the third treatment showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in fat percentage, ash content, and protein content compared to the first treatment. The administration of apricot oil at 0.0020% of the live animal's weight led to a reduction in lipid peroxidation and post-thaw loss after two months of freezing. The results also showed significant differences in the free fatty acid profiles (Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic, Linolenic, Linoleic, and Myristic) in the frozen meat samples, with the third group of animals showing significant superiority (P≤0.05) over the other groups after two months of freezing.
Effect of Cryotherapy on Pain Intensity for Patients Undergoing Arterial Sheath Removal After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Jameel Ali , Abed Rajaa Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Introduction:  Coronary artery disease is the main cause of mortality globally, making up approximately 33% of all deaths Patients with coronary artery disease experience pain and discomfort post-percutaneous coronary intervention after the femoral catheter is removed, which might raise the patient's duration of hospitalisation and the hospital's costs. Aims: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of cryotherapy on the degree of pain that patients who have had their arterial sheath removed after percutaneous coronary intervention felt. Methods: A test-and-retest design in a randomised controlled trial was conducted from January 7, 2024, to February 19, 2024, at Babylon Centre/Imam Al-Sadiq Hospital.  A probability (simple random) sampling method was used in a two-group design, with 50 patients in each group as a control and cryotherapy group, and evaluating pain levels utilizing the visual analogue scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis frequency, percentage, mean, paired sample t-test, standard deviation, and ANOVA. Results: This stated the mean pain level was similar before cryotherapy. However, after cryotherapy, the level of pain in the cryotherapy group was significantly less than that of the control group (2.38± 5.1 vs. 23.34± 11.5), respectively. P = 0.000 (<0.05) demonstrating a statistically significant variation. Conclusions: According to the study, cryotherapy applied to the femoral sheath region assisted the percutaneous coronary intervention patients feel less pain when their femoral catheter was removed. In these situations, a local cold gel bag may be advised as a nursing intervention for pain management.
Effect of Humic Acids Extracted From Different Organic Sources and Inoculation of Bacillus Subtilis or Aspergillus Niger in Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Al-Malaky Israa A.Y. , Al-Jaberi Meiad M. , Abdulkareem Mohammed A.
Published: October 2024

Humic acids have received a large attention of researching and development as amendments for poor fertility conditions and deteriorating physical properties,  since the process of extracting  is an easy common process to implement, as well as dilution of these acids with water enables  to be used at economically acceptable levels over large areas. It is necessary to notice that the properties of these acids depending on the organic source and the concentration added to the soil.A laboratory experiment was conducted at the department of soil Sciences and water resources, collage of Agriculture ,University of Basrah ,Iraq to demonstrate the effect of humic acids extracted from different sources and inoculation with Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus niger  on alkaline phosphatase activity in  calcareous soil calcareous, southern Iraq. Humic acids extracted from  wheat straw, alfalfa leaves, goat manure, and poultry manure which composted previously . Humic acid levels were 0, 25 and 50 L ha-1 .The soil also inoculated with  Bacillus subtilis or Aspergillus niger, then samples were incubated at  28±2°C. After 7 or 30 days of incubation the activity of  alkaline phosphatase  was estimated . Enzyme phosphatase activity was increased in soils treated with humic acid  as compared to control with highest activity at Poultry manure (391.54 µg p-nitrophenol gm-1 soil.1h-1).The results also indicated that increasing the level of humic acid  significantly increased enzyme activity. For soil treated with  Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger , phosphatase activity increased-as compared to control with a higher activity at Bacilluas subtilis (373.1 µg p-nitrophenol gm-1 soil.1h-1).
Factors Associated With Appropriateness of Vaccination Age Coverage For Measles Vaccine In Kufa District, Najaf Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Khadim Huda M. jawad , Mahmood AbdulKareem A.
Published: October 2024

Measles is one of the diseases that can be effectively managed with vaccination. Herd immunity is a concept that describes the situation where a large proportion of a population is vaccinated, resulting in high coverage rates. Measles infections persist at high levels in specific areas despite the general vaccination rates.  Administering the vaccination at the recommended age is crucial for attaining protection and reducing the transmission of vaccine-preventable illnesses   . Cross –sectional study was conducted from 1st of OCT .2023 until 25th of JAN. 2024 among mothers with their child aged 12-23 month. The purpose of this study was to assess age-appropriate measles vaccination coverage and associated factors. Collected data using pre-tested questionnaires also data on measles vaccination were taken from vaccination card.This study analyzed 388 mothers, revealing that the majority of father age were between 20-34y, with 41.2% having primary education. Mother age found to be 258(66.5%) between 20-34y .225(57.9%) of father occupation were free job and 334(86.1%) were house wife by occupation, the sex of child 201(51.8%) were found to be female .68.61% were vaccinated with measles vaccine on time, (29.38%) were delayed and (1.80%) were found to be unvaccinated. The education level, number of children in the family and child order are significantly associated with measles vaccination status of child. As we revealed that the proportion of individuals receiving the vaccine within the designated timeframe is below 70%. We should focus on enhancing on time of routine children immunization. This can be achieved by reinforcing existing techniques, developing new approaches, and emphasizing the media's role in promoting the significance of timely vaccine administration.
Ibn Hazam,s Methodology and Resources in the Compendiums of the Prophet,s Biography
Authors: Eabd Nudaa Eadnan , Thalj Wadad Kurdi
Published: October 2024

Ibn Hazm of Córdoba (d. 1064 CE) was a seminal figure in Islamic scholarship, particularly renowned for his contributions to the study of the Prophet Muhammad's biography (Sira). His approach to compiling and analyzing biographical accounts of the Prophet was characterized by a rigorous methodology and an extensive use of diverse resources. Ibn Hazm's methodology in the study of the Prophet's life involved a critical examination of sources, emphasizing the importance of authenticity and consistency. He meticulously scrutinized the chains of narration (isnad) and the content (matn) of various reports to assess their reliability. In his compendiums, Ibn Hazm drew upon a variety of resources, including earlier works by prominent scholars, oral traditions, and written texts. He employed a comparative approach, cross-referencing multiple accounts to reconcile discrepancies and establish a coherent narrative. His work also reflected his broader intellectual stance on the integration of historical and legal perspectives, providing a comprehensive view of the Prophet's life and its implications for Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Ibn Hazm's contributions remain influential in the study of Islamic historiography, offering valuable insights into early Islamic scholarship and the methodologies used to preserve and interpret the life of the Prophet Muhammad.
Why ‘No' Leaders Are Outperforming ‘Yes' Leaders In The Workplace
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This practitioner-oriented brief examines the emerging "No" leadership approach and argues that leaders who judiciously use constraints through intentional no's are outperforming their more yes-focused counterparts, as reviewed empirical research shows saying No more thoughtfully fosters greater employee creativity, problem-solving, accountability, autonomy and engagement, translating to better business outcomes like increased productivity and financial performance, illustrated through examples from leading organizations in technology, manufacturing and healthcare that have cultivated innovation, quality and learning through policies providing autonomy balanced with oversight, demonstrating that judicious Nos activate higher-order thinking when used to set boundaries rather than stifle initiative, concluding that drawing on over 20 years of experience, today's knowledge workers require leadership approaches supporting empowerment and responsibility over top-down control, and reframing occasional Nos can foster critical thinking, ownership and adaptability essential for organizations competing in rapidly changing environments.
Data science and artificial intelligence: Finance, policy and governance
Authors: Cabanillas Oliva Erlin Guillermo , Irigoin Cabrera Ulises Octavio , Lázaro Guillermo Juan Carlos , Agurto Cherre Cesar Augusto , Esquivel Ynjante Oscar Raúl , Alvez Valles Carlos Mariano
Published: October 2024

The use of identical AI models across multiple asset managers has the potential to lead to herding behavior and create one-way markets. This could present certain dangers to the overall liquidity and stability of the system, particularly during periods of economic stress. The emergence of significant market volatility may be intensified by simultaneous large-scale buying or selling activities, thereby introducing new vulnerabilities into the system. There is a possibility that incorporating AI/ML and big data into investment strategies has the potential to reverse the prevailing trend of passive investing. If these innovative technologies demonstrate a consistent ability to generate alpha, indicating a cause-effect relationship between the use of AI and outperformance, it presents an opportunity for the active investment community to reinvigorate its approach and provide additional alpha opportunities to its clients.
Hans Freudenthal's realistic mathematical theory: Didactics and research paradigms
Authors:   Editorial Mar Caribe, Lázaro Guillermo Juan Carlos , Guitton Lozano Erick , Pérez Marín Juan Luis , Barreda Fachin Milton Juan Carlos , Peña Pasmiño Rogger Wagner , Yon Delgado Julia Cecilia
Published: October 2024

Freudenthal was an enthusiastic advocate of reform in traditional mathematics education. His extensive work as a founder and active participant in groups such as the International Group on Psychology and Mathematics Education (PME) and the International Commission for the Study and Improvement of the Teaching of Mathematics (CIEAEM) contributed to his popularity. In these forums he expressed his opposition to the pedagogical and didactic approaches that prevailed in the mid-twentieth century, such as operational goal theory, structured assessment tests, standardized educational research, and the direct application of Piaget's structuralism and constructivism in the classroom.
Hans Freudenthal: Perspectives in mathematics education and phenomenological analysis
Authors: Angulo Romero Adolfo , Rengifo Silva Francisco Eduardo , Santacruz Espinoza Atanacia , Ttito Quispe Jesús , López Castillo Alan Christian , Berrocal Huarcaya Fausto David Berrocal Huarcaya
Published: October 2024

For Freudenthal, the practice of mathematics in the curriculum is not a set of predetermined theories, goals and means. On the contrary, it is always associated with positively understood phenomenological processes in mathematics, as the curriculum is often used in conjunction with the transformation or development of practice. For Freudenthal (1968), educational theory was a practical endeavour from which new theoretical ideas could emerge as a kind of scientific by-product. In his view, curriculum development should not take place from the academic ivory tower, but in schools, in collaboration with teachers and students. He expressed similar ideas and, by calling for a practical curriculum, eloquently questioned curriculum theory in research and development and innovation.
Diskriminasi Tindak Tutur Direktif di Lingkungan Kampus Universitas Malikussaleh
Authors: Oktaviona Isna , Radhiah  , Maulidawati
Published: October 2024

The results of this research aim to describe the types of directive speech acts in the Malikussaleh University campus environment. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique in this research uses the observation method. The data in this research is verbal data in the form of discriminatory sentences, directive speech acts, the researcher chose the campus environment of Malikussaleh Reuleut University, Muara Batu District, North Aceh Regency. The data source in this research is students on the Malikussaleh University campus. The results of the analysis found that there was discrimination in directive speech acts that occurred in the Malikussaleh University campus environment
The role of gut microbacta on mental health: The gut-brain axis - A Review
Authors: Yeboawaa Jostel
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and mental health has gained significant attention. Several research articles have explored and confirmed the state of one’s gut has a significant impact on mental health. It is paramount to acknowledge that, aside from the brain and central nervous system (CNS), gut microbiota impacts several vital body organs and systems, including the liver, heart, kidneys, lungs, skin, endocrine system, metabolic system, digestive system, immune system, and skeletal system. The state of your gut health is directly proportional to your overall health and well-being. This review aims to explore the emerging evidence linking gut microbiota to mental health, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, and cognitive function. We aim to elucidate how gut microbiota influences the brain through the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the potential for microbiota-targeted interventions in mental health treatments/management.