bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heat and Pressure Processing Treatments on Digestibility of Peanut, Hazelnut, Pistachio and Cashew Allergens
Authors: Arribas Claudia , Sanchiz Africa , Pedrosa Mercedes M. , Pérez-García Selene , Linacero Rosario , Cuadrado Carmen
Published: October 2024

Food processing can modify protein biochemical properties altering its immunoreactivity and allergenicity. Resistance to enzymatic digestion is one of the main characteristics of food allergens, specially to pepsin and trypsin. In this work, the aim is to compare the digestomes of raw and heat and /or pressured treated peanuts, hazelnut, pistachio and cashew resulting from the INFOGEST harmonized digestion protocol, as well as the different behaviour regarding IgE-binding capacity, by means of in vitro analysis. Protein patterns, resolved by SDS-PAGE, were assayed with sera from allergic patients and confirmed by competitive ELISA in hazelnut and peanut. The results of our study reveal that different processing methods affect differently gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of peanut, hazelnut, pistachio and cashew allergens. Simulated GI digestion led to extensive de-struction of the protein structure, reducing but not abolishing the IgE reactivity of peanut, ha-zelnut, pistachio and cashew allergenic proteins. Boiling for 60 minutes did not affect the protein profile of these nuts, although enzymatic activity was stimulated, decreasing the IgE binding capacity. When heat and pressure was applied to these nuts, simulated digestion promoted an almost complete inhibition of the allergenic potential.
Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Specific Structures of the Sheep Brain by Kynurenic Acid
Authors: Roszkowicz-Ostrowska Katarzyna , Młotkowska Patrycja , Marciniak Elżbieta , Szlis Michał , Barszcz Marcin , Misztal Tomasz
Published: October 2024

Fluctuations in kynurenic acid (KYNA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain reflect its neurological status. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of transiently elevated KYNA concentration in the cerebroventricular circulation on the expression of BDNF and its high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) in specific structures of the sheep brain. Intracerebroventricularly cannulated anestrous sheep were subjected to a series of four 30-min infusions of KYNA: 4×5 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA20, n=6) and 4×25 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA100, n=6) or a control infusion (n=6), at 30-min intervals. Sections of the hippocampal CA3 field, amygdala (AMG), prefrontal cortex (PCx), and the hypothalamic medial-basal (MBH) and preoptic (POA) areas were dissected from the brain immediately after the experiment. The highest concentration of BDNF protein was found in the CA3 field (P<0.01), which was 8-fold higher than in the AMG and 12-fold higher than that in the PCx (MBH and POA were not analyzed). The most pronounced BDNF mRNA expression was observed in the MBH followed by the PCx, POA, AMG and CA3, while the highest abundance of TrkB mRNA was recorded in the AMG followed by the MBH, PCx, CA3 and POA. KYNA increased (P<0.05-P<0.01) BDNF protein levels and the expression of its gene in the brain structures examined, with the effect varying by dose and brain region. KYNA, particularly at the KYNA100 dose, also increased (P<0.01) TrkB gene expression, except for the AMG, where the lower KYNA20 dose was more effective (P<0.01). These findings suggest a positive relationships between KYNA levels in the cerebroventricular circulation and BDNF-TrkB expression in specific brain regions in a sheep model. This indicates that a transient increase in CSF KYNA concentration can potentially restore BDNF production, whose deficiency underlies numerous neurological disorders.
Perceptions of Primary Care Providers on Their Role in Tobacco Treatment Delivery Based on Their Smoking Status: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Stafylidis Stavros , Papadakis Sophia , Papamichail Dimitris , Lionis Christos , Smyrnakis Emmanouil
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Despite the well-documented benefits of smoking cessation interventions, the implementation and success of these programs in primary care settings often encounter significant barriers. A primary care provider’s personal smoking status has been identified as a potential barrier to tobacco treatment delivery. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the experiences and perspectives of primary care providers regarding their role in, delivering smoking cessation interventions to patients based on their personal smoking status.
Materials and methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 primary care providers from 6 public primary care units in Central Macedonia Region, Greece. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data.
Results: Healthcare providers who are current smokers may face unique challenges in effectively counseling patients on smoking cessation. On the contrast, non-smoking and especially previous smoking healthcare providers were noted to exhibit greater confidence and efficacy in delivering cessation support, often serving as role models for patients aiming to quit smoking. Participation in structured cessation training programs often catalyzed personal reflection among healthcare professionals regarding their own smoking behaviour.
Conclusions: Personal smoking status of primary care providers impacts the delivery of tobacco treatment, affecting their credibility and effectiveness in providing cessation support. Understanding the complex factors that influence the delivery of smoking cessation interventions in primary care is crucial, as these settings represent a vital point of contact for reaching individuals who smoke and providing them with the necessary support to quit.
The Global Climate Crisis is Associated with Environmental Risks and Heat Stress impacts on Occupational Safety, Health, and Hygiene
Authors: Adamopoulos Ioannis , Syrou Niki , Mpourazanis George , Constantinidis Theodore , Dounias George
Published: October 2024

The relationship between the global climate crisis associated with environmental risks and occupational hygiene has not been extensively studied. This study develops a framework for identifying how climate change and the climate crisis could impact the workplace environment, workers, and occupational morbidity, mortality, and injury. A framework based on a review of scientific literature published from 2012-2024 that addresses climate risks, their interaction with occupational hazards, and their effects on the workforce. Eight categories of climate-related hazards are identified: increased high temperatures, dust and air pollution, sun and cosmic ultraviolet exposure, pandemics, and infectious diseases, diseases transmitted by insects and changes in ecosystems, industrial occupational diseases, changes and crises in the built environment, and extreme weather events. It is important to consider the possibility of interactions between known hazards and new conditions and the productivity of workers, especially those who are most at risk of heat-related illnesses.
Impact of a Near-Surface Plasma Region on the Bow Shock Wave and Aerodynamic Characteristics of a High-Speed Model in Xenon
Authors: Azarova Olga A. , Lapushkina Tatiana A. , Kravchenko Oleg V.
Published: October 2024

The main objective of the present study is to demonstrate the possibility of actively influencing the position of the bow shock wave and the main parameters of supersonic flow over a blunt body by organizing a gas discharge near the front surface, in the region between the body and the bow shock wave. The research is carried out using both experimental and numerical methods. The working gas was xenon. It is shown that the steady bow shock wave stand-off distance along with the current and power of the discharge, is associated with the change in the adiabatic index of the plasma created by the discharge, which, in turn, is determined by the plasma parameters, such as the degrees of nonequilibrium and the degree of ionization. It is shown that the adiabatic index with the power supplied to the impact zone in the range of 30-120 kW can both increase and de-crease in the range of 1.25-1.288. The study of the discharge created plasma zone was conducted and the correspondence between the discharge current and power, and the average parameters in the plasma zone created by the discharge is presented. A good agreement between the numerical and experimental data was shown. The results may be useful in developing control systems for high-speed civil aircrafts.
Quantum Stream Cipher Based on Holevo-Yuen Theory-Part II
Authors: Hirota Osamu , Sohma Masaki
Published: October 2024

This paper presents in detail the foundation of security theory for ``Quantum stream cipher based on Holevo-Yuen theory".
This type of cipher is a technology that provides information-theoretic security (ITS) to optical data transmission by randomizing ultrafast optical communication signals with quantum noise. In general, a quantitative security of ITS is discussed in terms of unicity distance in Shannon theory. However, the quantum version requires modeling beyond the Shannon model of random cipher to utilize the characteristics of the physical layer.
Therefore, as first step, one has to develop a generalized unicity distance theory and apply it to evaluation of security. Although a complete theoretical formulation has not yet been established, this paper attempts to give a primitive structure of a generalization of Shannon random cipher and shows that the realization of this is generalized quantum stream cipher. In addition, we introduce several implementation methods of the generalized quantum stream ciphers and their security performances.
Optimal Control of Nonlinear, Nonautonomous, Energy Harvesting Systems Applied to Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Yassin Houssein , Demonte Gonzalez Tania , Nelson Kevin , Parker Gordon , Weaver Wayne W.
Published: October 2024

Pursuing sustainable energy solutions has prompted researchers to focus on optimizing energy extraction from renewable sources. Control laws that optimize energy extraction require accurate modeling, often resulting in time-varying, nonlinear differential equations. An energy-maximizing optimal control law is derived for time-varying, nonlinear, second-order, energy harvesting systems. We demonstrate that sustaining periodic motion under this control law when subjected to periodic disturbances necessitates identifying appropriate initial conditions, inducing the system to follow a limit cycle. The general optimal solution is applied to two point absorber wave energy converter models: a linear model where the analytical derivation of initial conditions suffices and a nonlinear model demanding a numerical approach. A stable limit cycle is obtained for the latter when the initial conditions lie within an ellipse centered at the origin of the phase plane. This work advances energy-maximizing optimal control solutions for nonautonomous nonlinear systems with application to point absorbers. The results also shed light on the significance of initial conditions in achieving physically realizable periodic motion for periodic energy harvesting systems.
Alu-Mediated Duplication and Deletion of Exon 11 Are a Frequent Mechanism of PALB2 Inactivation Predisposing to Hereditary Breast-Ovarian Cancer Syndrome
Authors: Sidoti Diletta , Margotta Valeria , Calosci Diletta , Fiorentini Erika , Bacci Costanza , Gensini Francesca , Papi Laura , Montini Marco
Published: October 2024

Large genomic rearrangements of PALB2 gene, particularly deletions and duplications, have been linked to hereditary breast-ovarian cancer. Our research specifically focuses on delineating the intronic breakpoints associated with rearrangements of PALB2 exon 11, which is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying these genomic changes in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian syndrome. By next-generation sequencing, we identified one duplication and three deletions of PALB2 exon 11, confirmed by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification analysis. To assess the impact on transcription and potential splicing issues, Reverse-Transcription PCR was performed on patients' RNA. For detailed characterization of intronic breakpoints, primer walking approach and long-range PCR were implemented, followed by Sanger sequencing. Our analysis revealed a tandem duplication of 5134 base pairs (bp) mediated by AluY repeats located in introns 10 and 11, respectively. Moreover, identical deletions were identified in three unrelated patients, encompassing an approximate 8050 bp region mediated by AluSx elements. Both genomic alterations resulted in a truncated PALB2 protein due to introduction of a premature stop codon. This study underscores the remarkable instability of intronic regions flanking exon 11 of PALB2 and identifies a previously unreported hotspot involving Alu repeats with very high sequence homology in introns 10 and 11 of the gene. Our findings suggest avenues for further research, such as investigating the prevalence of similar genomic rearrangements in larger cohorts and exploring functional studies to understand how these alterations contribute to hereditary breast cancer pathogenesis.
Health Benefits of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Forskolin with a Special Emphasis on Glaucoma and Other Retinal Diseases
Authors: Rusciano Dario
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the therapeutic potential of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and forskolin in managing retinal diseases, with a focus on glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy. EGCG, a potent polyphenol from green tea, exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, making it a promising candidate for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in ocular tissues. Forskolin, a diterpene from Coleus forskohlii, increases cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which helps lower intraocular pressure (IOP) and provides neuroprotection. Both compounds target critical pathways involved in retinal disease progression, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, offering complementary therapeutic benefits. The review consolidates preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting the potential of EGCG and forskolin as adjunctive or alternative treatments for retinal diseases. Future research should explore the synergistic effects of these compounds, particularly in combination therapies aimed at addressing multiple pathogenic mechanisms in retinal health.
Luis Roacho Aguilera
Authors: Reyes Vasquez Eduardo Ismael
Published: October 2024

Artista visual juarense, egresado de la Licenciatura en Artes Visuales de la Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez y docente de la asignatura de Pintura en la misma institución. Su obra va encaminada en la búsqueda de una postura artística juarense que refleje elementos cotidianos. Su principal interés de expresión radica en el sur poniente de la ciudad y sus piezas proyectan espacios, objetos y sujetos del entorno fronterizo que simbolizan una realidad social comunitaria.
Vivencias de profesores y estudiantes en la educación virtual
Authors: Gutiérrez Sandoval Pavel Roel
Published: October 2024

Esta reseña del libro Educación virtual. Los imaginarios de los estudiantes publicado por la Editorial UPNECH en 2019 reconoce la importancia de los imaginarios de estudiantes, quienes no solo aducen a lo que se hace en la práctica real y concreta en las clases virtuales, sino a los deseos, anhelos y aspiraciones. La investigación entrecruza los imaginarios y la educación virtual en estudiantes de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional del Estado de Chihuahua (UPNECH).
Problemas en la región fronteriza, cooperación y políticas públicas: Presentación
Authors: Sarabia Ríos Cecilia
Published: October 2024

El término frontera proviene del latín fronts-frontis que se refiere al frente, por lo que se relaciona con el límite. De manera general se relaciona con conceptos como territorio, soberanía, estado-nación, ciudadanía y nacionalidad, entre otros. Desde la antigüedad las fronteras han tenido una connotación militar, puesto que se fortificaba al estar manifiesta la defensa de otra área o campos.
A Computer Modeling-Based Target Zone for Transposition Osteotomy of the Acetabulum in Patients with Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Kitamura Kenji , Fujii Masanori , Motomura Goro , Hamai Satoshi , Kawahara Shinya , Sato Taishi , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Hara Daisuke , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: October 2024

Background:

This study aimed to determine the acetabular position to optimize hip biomechanics after transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA), a specific form of periacetabular osteotomy, in patients with hip dysplasia.

Methods:

We created patient-specific finite-element models of 46 patients with hip dysplasia to simulate 12 virtual TOA scenarios: lateral rotation to achieve a lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) of 30°, 35°, and 40° combined with anterior rotation of 0°, 5°, 10°, and 15°. Joint contact pressure (CP) on the acetabular cartilage during a single-leg stance and simulated hip range of motion without osseous impingement were calculated. The optimal acetabular position was defined as satisfying both normal joint CP and the required range of motion for activities of daily living. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify preoperative morphological predictors of osseous impingement after virtual TOA with adequate acetabular correction.

Results:

The prevalence of hips in the optimal position was highest (65.2%) at an LCEA of 30°, regardless of the amount of anterior rotation. While the acetabular position minimizing peak CP varied among patients, approximately 80% exhibited normalized peak CP at an LCEA of 30° and 35° with 15° of anterior rotation, which were the 2 most favorable configurations among the 12 simulated scenarios. In this context, the preoperative head-neck offset ratio (HNOR) at the 1:30 clock position (p = 0.018) was an independent predictor of postoperative osseous impingement within the required range of motion. Specifically, an HNOR of <0.14 at the 1:30 clock position predicted limitation of required range of motion after virtual TOA (sensitivity, 57%; specificity, 81%; and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.70).

Conclusions:

Acetabular reorientation to an LCEA of between 30° and 35° with an additional 15° of anterior rotation may serve as a biomechanics-based target zone for surgeons performing TOA in most patients with hip dysplasia. However, patients with a reduced HNOR at the 1:30 clock position may experience limited range of motion in activities of daily living postoperatively.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides a biomechanics-based target for refining acetabular reorientation strategies during TOA while considering morphological factors that may limit the required range of motion.
RETRACTED: Droplet Breakup and Evaporation in Liquid-Fueled Detonations
Authors: Young Calvin , Duke-Walker Vasco , McFarland Jacob
Published: October 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of Spatial Performance in X-ray Imaging Detectors: CTF, MTF, LSF, and ESF Analysis
Authors: SOLOMON GIRMA BINIYAM , Diyor KHAZRATOV , Kuvondik KODIROV , Brombal LUCA
Published: October 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors as it was submitted and made public without the full consent of all the authors. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
War in Ukraine vs. Motherhood: Mental health self-perceptions of relocated pregnant women and new mothers
Authors: Krupelnytska Liudmyla , Vavilova Alona , Yatsenko Nazar , Chrzan-Dętkoś Magdalena , Morozova-Larina Olha , Uka Ana , Rodríguez-Muñoz Maria F.
Published: October 2024

Background: The Russian military’s carnal crimes render certain Ukrainian areas uninhabitable. As a result, a significant portion of the population is experiencing stress-related issues caused by hostilities and forced displacement. This research aimed to examine the self-assessed mental health of pregnant women and new mothers (PNM) who faced relocation.
Methods: This report presents findings from a study conducted as part of the Perinatal Mental Health for Refugee Women (PMH-RW) Project. This study used data from 191 PNM who are either internally displaced persons (IDP) or refugees (REF).
Results: A higher number of REF than IDP were from the capital, but fewer from rural communities, and new mothers were more likely to hail from major cities than pregnant women. The discrepancy in migration options likely causes the frequent relocation of some groups to inadequately equipped areas, thereby increasing their vulnerability. For example, REF experienced far less pregnancy complications than IDP. The Gini coefficient of 0.153 suggests minor income inequality among the respondents. However, there is a stark contrast between this relatively low inequality and the substantial reports on worsened financial conditions post-invasion. This finding underscores the significant impact of war-related financial instability on the perceived distress of postnatal mothers (PNM), with financial burdens emerging as a primary predictor of their distress.
Conclusion: The financial burden and socio-economic background of pregnant and new mothers during wartime migration can define their mental health resilience. The inconsistent availability of essential resources caused by wartime economic woes significantly influences the perceived well-being of PNM.
Trial registration: Clinical trial registration was completed at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT05654987 (Date: December 16, 2022).
Dermatitis during adjuvant irradiation for breast cancer (DAI-BREAC): A randomized trial investigating whether grade ≥2 dermatitis during radiotherapy for breast cancer can be reduced by a mobile application that reminds patients to perform skin care
Authors: Rades Dirk , Narvaez-Wolf Carlos A. , Dziggel Liesa , Staackmann Christian , Radtke Maike , Timke Carmen , Kristiansen Charlotte , Duma Marciana N , Yu Nathan Y. , Janssen Stefan
Published: October 2024

Background
Radiotherapy of breast cancer can be associated with dermatitis. Grade ≥ 2 radiation dermatitis can be painful and impair the patients’ quality of life. To reduce the risk of this complication, patients have to perform skin care several times each day. This may require a considerable level of compliance. This randomized DAI-BREAC trial investigates whether a mobile application reminding the patients four times per day to perform skin care (reminder app) will contribute to reduction of grade ≥ 2 radiation dermatitis.
Methods
This multinational, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial compares standard skin care supported by a reminder app (Arm A) versus standard skin care alone (Arm B) regarding grade ≥ 2 radiation dermatitis in patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. The effect of the app will be considered clinically relevant, if the rate of grade ≥ 2 radiation dermatitis is reduced from 25.4% (rate identified in a preceding study) to 15%. A total of 134 patients per arm including drop-outs are required. Secondary aims include pain (visual analogue scale), patient satisfaction with the app (questionnaire), impact of the app on the use of health technology (questionnaire), and benefit from support (coaching) by staff members regarding the use of the app (questionnaire).
Discussion
If reminder app contributes to a decrease of grade ≥ 2 radiation dermatitis in patients irradiated for breast cancer, it will likely become a useful instrument for these patients.
Trial registration:
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06483477; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT06483477). Registered on 1st of July, 2024. First patient is planned to be included in September 2024.
The effect of GM-CSF and predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric septic shock patients
Authors: Yu Zhen-Hao , Tian Gui-Xiang , Wang Yao-Dong , Liu Ting-Yan , Shi Peng , Ying Jia-Yun , Chen Wei-Ming , Zhou Yu-Feng , Lu Guo-Ping , Zhang Cai-Yan
Published: October 2024

Background
Septic shock in pediatric patients frequently leads to high mortality rates, primarily attribute to sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has emerged as a potential therapy to mitigate this immunosuppression. However, the effect of GM-CSF in pediatric septic shock remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GM-CSF administration and identify the potential treatment outcome predictors in pediatric patients with septic shock.
Methods
The retrospective cohort study was structured to include pediatric patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2024, who were diagnosed with septic shock during hospitalization. Data were collected on the demographic characteristics of patients, treatments of GM-CSF and other combined therapies, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to evaluate the effect of GM-CSF on 28-day mortality and identify its potential treatment outcome predictors.
Results
A total of 200 patients were included in the study: 66 in GM-CSF treatment group and 134 in no GM-CSF treatment group. The 28-day mortality of GM-CSF group showed higher risk compared with no GM-CSF group (59.1% vs. 35.1%, P=0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the effect of GM-CSF showed decreased the risk of 28-day mortality (OR=0.472, 95% CI 0.153-1.457, P=0.192) after adjusting the confounding factors. Potential outcome predictors of GM-CSF treatment included hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), lactic acid (LAC) levels, hospital-acquired septic shock (HASS), red blood cell (RBC) count, and platelet (PLT) count.
Conclusions
GM-CSF treatment showed clinical benefit in pediatric septic shock patients, especially with higher LAC, lower RBC, lower PLT. The potential treatment outcome predictors can be monitored during the treatment of pediatric septic shock.
Trend of Paediatric Medical admissions and outcome of care at a Tertiary Health Facility in Lafia Nasarawa State North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Bello Surajudeen Oyeleke , Ogunkunle Taofik Oluwaseun , Ibrahim Tajudeen Lanre , Mayaki Suleiman , Ozhe Sunday Ikukpla'si , Aliyu Hadizatu , Odiachi Halim Emmanuel , Ayinor John , Noah Victor Onuh , Simon Christiana Lane , Agbo Favour Ene , Ugwu Ann Okwuchukwu , Ikekwe Moses Kelechi , Onigbanjo Adijat Ajoke , Offo Grace , Embugushiki Victor , Kabir Khadija Mohammad , Anderson Immaculata Chinwe , Yakubu Abdullahi , Audu Esther Solomon , Sanni Usman Abiola , Adeyemi Dayo , Dalhat Mahmmod M
Published: October 2024

Background
The burden of preventable childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries is on the increase. This is worrisome in Nigeria adjudged as one of the countries with the worst under-five mortality report globally and impeding the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 3 target. We described the trend of Paediatric admissions and outcome over a six-year period at a tertiary facility.
Methods
We reviewed data of all patients aged 29days to < 18years admitted into the Children Medical Ward of the Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2023. Secondary data abstraction was undertaken for the required information. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results were presented as frequencies and percentages and reported as tables and graphs.
Results
We documented 9,228 admissions, with more males giving a male to female ratio of 1.3: 1. We successfully managed and discharged 8,300 (89.9%) and recorded 674 (7.3%) deaths, 187 (2.0%) absconded, 99 (1.1%) were discharged against medical advice while 31 (0.3%) were referred for care. An increasing trend in the admissions with declining mortalities were noticed. On the contrary, rising pattern of patients abscondment were observed over the years. The commonest causes of admissions were malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea diseases.
Conclusions
There is a progressive increase in the paediatric medical admission pattern in this study. The childhood mortality rate is high but with a progressive decline in the rate over the years. Discharge against medical advice remained high while the rate of child abscondment is worrisome. Malaria is the commonest reason for admission at our facility, others are Pneumonia, Diarrhea diseases, Sickle cell crisis, and Meningitis. Use of malaria chemoprevention, early diagnosis with a good turnaround time and training will help in improving quality of care and coping with the increasing trend of admissions.
Effects of trimetazidine on cardiac function in patients undergoing pulmonary stereotactic body radiotherapy evaluated by speckle-tracking echocardiography: A randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Li Tingcui , Zhuang Hongqing , Wang Yuxia , Zhu Dan , Cui Ming
Published: October 2024

Radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) has become an important factor affecting the long-term prognosis of cancer patients, and there are still no effective prevention or treatment measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevention and treatment effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on early subclinical cardiac damage. We conducted a prospective, single-centre, randomized controlled study in the Department of Radiation Oncology of Peking University Third Hospital from May 2021 to April 2022. Patients who planned to receive pulmonary stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) were randomly divided into a TMZ group and a control group. The TMZ group was treated with TMZ 2 weeks before SBRT (20 mg/time, 3 times a day, for 12 weeks). The control group received SBRT 2 weeks after admission. The primary outcomes were myocardial strain indices. Safety was analysed in all treated patients. We enrolled 73 patients, of whom 36 were assigned to the TMZ group and 37 to the control group. One patient in each of the two groups was lost to follow-up. The main outcome index, global longitudinal strain (GLS), was better in the TMZ group than the control group (-11.8 ± 3.7% vs. -10.1 ± 3.4%, P=0.042). There was no significant difference between the two groups in any secondary outcome indicators, including cardiac injury markers, cardiac structure, left ventricular ejection fraction and diastolic function indices. No drug-related adverse reactions occurred. In patients who plan to undergo pulmonary SBRT, TMZ can improve the myocardial strain parameter GLS after pulmonary SBRT, suggesting that TMZ has preventive and therapeutic effects on RIHD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04939857 (25/06/2021).
The Effect of TPOAb on Embryologic and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Infertile PCOS Patients with Euthyroidism Undergoing IVF/ICSI Cycle: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Hui-Jun , Liu Jiaojing , Zhou Li-Yang , Geng Li-Hong , Fang-Di Dong , Fu LiJuan , Guang-Yan Gu , Na Yu , Shi-Yu Liu , Ding Yubin
Published: October 2024

Background PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder affecting fertility. PCOS patients combined with TAI have a higher risk of reproductive complications. The interplay between TAI and PCOS in the context of ART outcomes represents an unsolved problem. Therefore, the relationship between TPOAb and embryologic or pregnancy outcomes of IVF/ICSI in a cohort of infertile female patients diagnosed PCOS with euthyroidism should be evaluated.
Methods A retrospective cohort study is conducted. After selected with standard diagnostic code, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and 1:4 PSM, 62 PCOS patients with TPOAb positive matched with 216 TPOAb negative PCOS patients from October 2014 to September 2022 are included in the study. The primary outcomes are live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes include other pregnancy-related outcomes and laboratory parameters related to embryologic quality.
Results In the TPOAb-positive group, fertilization rate, 2PN fertilization rate, and 2PN cleavage rate are significantly higher than those in the TPOAb-negative group (P < 0.05). However, TPOAb levels are not significantly associated with those embryo parameters in two groups after adjusting for propensity scores (P > 0.05). Then, we show that there are no correlation between TPOAb and pregnancy outcomes in TPOAb-positive and TPOAb-negative PCOS populations (P > 0.05).
Conclusions TPOAb is not a risk factor for embryonic or pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients with euthyroidism undergoing IVF/ICSI. TPOAb-positive indicator should not be paid too much attention, and does not need to be overtreated for PCOS patients with euthyroidism undergoing IVF/ICSI.
Male sex accelerates cognitive decline in GBA1 Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Caminiti Silvia , Avenali Micol , Galli Alice , Malito Rachele , Cuconato Giada , Galandra Caterina , Calabrese Rosaria , pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Blandini Fabio , Perani Daniela , Tassorelli Cristina , Valente Enza Maria
Published: October 2024

We evaluated 128 GBA and 432 nonGBA Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. Baseline clinical features and dopaminergic activity were assessed, together with 7-year clinical follow-up. Survival analyses assessed the independent and interactive effects of male sex and GBA1 mutations on cognitive impairment. At baseline, GBA-PD males showed greater motor impairment, sleep disorders and memory deficits, GBA-PD females showed greater dopaminergic denervation. In longitudinal assessment, GBA-PD males showed greater MoCA rate of change per year and greater risk of cognitive impairment than GBA-PD females and nonGBA-PD, also when excluding subjects with LRRK2 mutations. In GBA-PD males, both late age at onset and “severe/mild” GBA variants were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Male sex and GBA1 carrier status have an additive value in increasing the risk of cognitive decline in PD. The effect of sex on GBA1-related pathology warrants further examination to address future trials design and patients’ selection.
Basilar artery and posterior circulation collaterals score on digital subtraction angiography predicts prognosis for acute basilar artery occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Shen Guangxun , Zhao Jingmin , Piao Zhe , Mao Ying , Zhang Li , Lee Kwee-yum , Chi Lumei , Nan Guangxian
Published: October 2024

Background and purpose
The prognosis of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is poor, carrying a high risk of disability and mortality if left untreated. Several radiological scores may predict the clinical outcome of acute BAO treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). This study aims to assess the prognostic value of a novel radiological score, the Basilar Artery and Posterior Circulation Collaterals (BAPCOR) score.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive acute BAO patients treated with EVT. The BAPCOR score, a 15-point digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-based grading system, was used to assess thrombus burden and posterior circulation collateral status. Successful recanalization was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score 2b-3, and a good outcome was defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≤ 2 at 3 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the area under the curve (AUC) and the optimum cutoff value. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify predictors of clinical outcome.
Results
Among the enrolled patients, 85.1% (40/47) achieved successful recanalization (mTICI, 2b-3) and 34.0% (16/47) had a good outcome (mRS score 0–2). The ROC analysis indicated that the AUC of the BAPCOR score was 0.868 (95%CI: 0.753–0.983). A cut-off value of predicting poor outcome was set at 8.5, with sensitivity of 0.688 and specificity of 0.935. Correlation analysis showed a moderate negative correlation between BAPCOR and mRS.
Conclusion
The BAPCOR scoring system is associated with outcomes in acute BAO patients treated with EVT with superiority in reflecting thrombus burden and collateral status.
Hall impact on hybrid Sisko-nanofluid flow past a stretchable cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov Heat flux
Authors: El-Hamid Mohamed A , Dahab Emad M Abo-El , El-Aziz Mohamed Abd , Salem Ahmed M
Published: October 2024

This study rigorously investigates the flow dynamics of hybrid nanofluids comprising Cu + Al2O3 nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol around a cylindrical shape. The analysis incorporates advanced concepts such as non-Newtonian power law behavior, viscous dissipation, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model, porous medium effects, the Hall effect, and Magnetic field influence. Utilizing similarity transformations, the non-linear PDEs are transformed into non-linear ODEs which are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg with shooting technique coding in Python. The effects of various thermo-physical and geometrical parameters on the non-dimensional velocity f '(η), transverse velocity h(η), and temperature θ(η) profiles are meticulously analyzed through graphical representations and numerical data. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in fluid velocity f '(η) components and increasing in transverse velocity profile h(η) with increasing magnetic field strength M. Additionally, variations in the thermal relaxation parameter 𝛤 result in substantial changes in the Nusselt number 𝑁𝑢𝑥, indicating enhanced heat transfer rates. Additionally, the study finds that changes in the thermal relaxation parameter 𝛤 impact the Biot number Bi, diminishing its effect. The detailed impacts of other parameters are discussed extensively in the study. These findings provide valuable insights for industrial applications, particularly in developing advanced cooling fluids for automotive and rocket engines. Enhanced heat dissipation and efficient thermal management are crucial for improving engine performance, reliability, and lifespan in these high-demand applications.
The impact of routine angiographic follow-up on 3-year clinical outcomes in older patients following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents
Authors: Hu Su-Tao , Shao Xian , Rha Seung-Woon , Zhang Jing-Kun , Wu Xue , Liu Xing , Hyun Su Jin , Cha Jin Ah , Choi Se Yeon , Park Soohyung , Choi Cheol Ung , Oh Dong Joo , Choi Byoung Geol , Chen Kang-Yin
Published: October 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the impact of routine angiographic follow-up (RAF) on 3-year clinical outcomes in older patients (≥ 65 years) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) as compared with those of patients with clinical follow-up (CF).
Methods
This study enrolled a total of 3,147 patients aged 65 years and older, who had undergone PCI with DES. Among these patients, 1,313 (%) underwent RAF at 6–9 months post - PCI, while the remaining 1,834 patients were clinically followed. To address baseline clinical and angiographic differences between the two groups, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which include cardiac death (CD), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Additionally, we assessed the secondary endpoints that included CD, non-fatal MI, TLR, target vessel revascularization (TVR), non-target vessel revascularization (non - TVR), and stent thrombosis (ST).
Results
Following PSM, the 3-year cumulative incidence for TLR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.415; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.120–5.500; p < 0.001), TVR (HR, 2.801; 95% CI, 1.890–4.151; p < 0.001), non-TVR (HR, 2.180; 95% CI, 1.413–3.364; p < 0.001) and MACE (HR, 2.383; 95% CI, 1.659–3.423, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the RAF group. However, there were no significant differences observed in the incidence of CD, non-fatal MI, or ST between the two groups.
Conclusions
In older patients who underwent PCI with DES, RAF was associated with higher incidences of revascularization and MACE, despite of similar incidence of CD, non-fatal MI, or ST between the RAF and CF groups. These findings suggest that the implementation of the RAF strategy may not be necessary for older patients following PCI with DESs.
Brain and Systemic Oxygenation Coupling in Sleep-Disordered Breathing Tied to Cognition in Elderly
Authors: Kawai MAKOTO , Hosseini S.M. Hadi , Buck Casey , Karna Rosy , Parker-Fong Kai , Taweesedt Pahnwat
Published: October 2024

Background: Intermittent hypoxia, one of the consequences of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), could contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, the association between SDB and cognition varies widely.
Methods: Fifty-two community-dwelling healthy older adults (28 women) without dementia were recruited. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric evaluations, simultaneous in-home polysomnography (PSG), and NIRS recordings. We quantified the average coherence between oxy-Hb and SpO2 signals during SDB events to see if it can predict cognitive outcomes in healthy older adults, where higher coherence represents less protection against systemic hypoxia.
Results: The mean (SD) coherence of oxy-Hb and SpO2 was 0.16 (0.07). Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between mean coherence and increased age and education-adjusted Stroop Color Word Test scores (t=-.304, p=.004). Whereas, oxy-Hb reduction alone did not show a significant association with cognition, and there were no significant correlations between conventional SDB parameters and cognition.
Conclusion: A higher coherence rate of cortical oxy-Hb and systemic SpO2 during SDB possibly reflects a loss of compensatory mechanism against systemic hypoxia and may help stratify older adults with a higher risk for cognitive decline. This is the first report on the association between NIRS parameters in SDB and cognition in older adults.
Hydatid Disease Contributes to Spinal Cord Compression: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cheng Jinchao , Ma Bing , Li Min , Zhao Kai , Li Haifeng , Bai Ruijun
Published: October 2024

Background
Hydatid disease is an infectious disease caused by echinococcus that causes liver and lung damage in humans. Bone involvement is rare and accounts for only 0.5%-4% of hydatid diseases; the spine is more prone to be infected with a proportion of 50% in musculoskeletal tissue. Missed hydatid cysts may lead to serious consequence, it is necessary to diagnosis and treatment of hydatid cysts at early stage.
Case presentation:
We present a case of a 47yearold Han Chinese male diagnosed with spinal hydatidosis. The patient lived in pasturing areas accompanied by symptoms of low back pain radiating to the legs, progressive weakness, and hypoesthesia in the lower limbs accompanied by difficulty walking. Computed tomography (CT) images showed a spinal hydatid cyst in the lumbar vertebra2 (L2) that caused bone destruction in the vertebral body and lamina. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images showed hyperintense cystic components on L2 with the appearance of a lobulated, multiocular, septate cystic mass and compression of the spinal cord at the segments of L2. The patient underwent subtotal vertebral resection to completely remove the damaged vertebral and paravertebral cysts, and histopathological examination revealed the characteristic features of hydatid cysts. The patient received a postoperative antiparasitic drug treatment and finally achieved a successful treatment.
Conclusions
Spinal hydatidosis is a rare infectious disease. It should be considered as an important differential diagnosis for patients accompanying by spinal bone destruction with animal contact history. Surgical removal combined with antiviral drugs is an effective way to treat spinal hydatidosis. In addition, long term follow-up is mandatory for avoiding its recurrence.
Correlates of sleep variability in a mobile EEG-based volunteer study
Authors: Ujma Péter Przemyslaw , Bódizs Róbert
Published: October 2024

Variable sleep patterns are a risk factor for disease, but the reasons some people express greater within-individual variability of sleep characteristics remains poorly understood. In our study, we leverage BSETS, a novel mobile EEG-based dataset in which 1901 nights in total were recorded from 267 extensively phenotyped participants to identify factors related to demographics, mental health, personality, chronotype and sleep characteristics which predict variability in sleep, including detailed sleep macrostructure metrics. Young age, late chronotype, and napping emerged as robust correlates of increased sleep variability. Correlations with other characteristics (such as student status, personality, mental health and co-sleeping) generally disappeared after controlling for age. We critically examine the utility of controlling the correlates of sleep variability for the means of sleep variables. Our research shows that age and sleep habits affecting the amount of sleep pressure at night are the most important factors underlying sleep variability, with a smaller role of other psychosocial variables. The avoidance of daytime naps emerges as the most promising modifiable behavior associated with increased sleep regularity.
Beyond the Bite: Exploring Mental Health of Dental Faculty – A Multi-institutional Study
Authors: Ali Kamran , Zahra Daniel , Bashir Ulfat , Daud Alaa , Raja Hina , Witton Robert , Raja Mahwish
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Mental health issues are being reported increasingly amongst healthcare staff and students globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of common mental health issues amongst dental faculty members at multiple institutions in a developing country
Methods: Following approval from the institutional ethics review board, dental faculty members at 14 dental institutions were invited to participate in an online survey based on globally validated scales for mental health problems including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Two open-ended questions were included in the survey to identify perceived factors contributing to poor mental health and recommendations for improving institutional support.
Results: A total of 200 faculty members provided their responses to the survey questionnaire but complete responses were provided by 183 participants which included 120 (65.57%) females, and 63 (34.43%) males. The overall response rate was 43%. Most participants were in the 31-40 years age-group (n=81, 44.26%) followed by 25-30 year (n=51, 22.87%) and 41-50 years (n=40, 21.86%). The mean score on PHQ-9 was 6.51 (SD ± 5.4) while the mean DASS-21 score was 13.04 (SD ± 10.95). PHQ-9 Depression, and DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were all significantly positively correlated for the whole sample, and within each subgroup of each demographic factor. Job-related workload, lack of institutional support, financial limitations, and poor work life balance were identified as the main factors contributing adversely to the mental health of the participants.
Discussion: This study provides useful insights into the scale of mental health status amongst dental faculty members from 14 institutions. Underlying factors affecting the mental health of faculty members adversely were identified and recommendations are provided to address these challenges.