bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenges of reconstructing cultural heritage
Authors: Heuberger Rachel , Leone Laura E. , Evers Renate
Published: September 2015

The digitization of the Freimann Collection, unique works belonging to the Wissenschaft des Judentums (Academic Study of Judaism), was a collaborative, international initiative to virtually reconstruct a cultural Jewish heritage collection that suffered losses during World War II. These works comprised the first engagement with pre-modern Jewish religious texts using modern research methods of academia. Building off a pre-war published catalog, the project brought together remnants of the original library collection in Germany and collections that were gathered in one of the main exile locations of German-speaking Jews in the United States. The freely accessible texts ensure the enhancement of scholarship by providing long-term discovery to an unlimited audience. Digitization and virtual reconstruction are not only crucial from a digital preservation standpoint, but also allow researchers to envision the works in the context of their intellectual and historical significance. The project also generated models for international collaboration and large-scale digitization workflows.
Indigenous cultural heritage preservation
Authors: Roy Loriene
Published: September 2015

This literature review shows the realm of Indigenous cultural heritage preservation within libraries is an area still ripe for meaningful exploration and achievement. Yet this field is also still sensitive and potentially harmful for the cultural communities who have entrusted these institutions with their living treasures. Opportunities abound to make a difference, but they may need to evolve from changes in generational attitudes and approaches.
Preserving digital heritage
Authors: Solodovnik Iryna , Budroni Paolo
Published: September 2015

Regardless of current or future technologies, accessing digitally preserved information resources will always pose challenges. There is a plethora of models, standards and best practices addressing the different facets for the preservation of digital objects. The management of digital objects requires well-defined policies and data management plans that include all processes within their specific lifecycle. To achieve high levels of data sharing and long-term re-use of data, APARSEN recommends developing an Interoperable Framework for Persistent Identifiers, paving the way for a ‘Ring of Trusted Persistent Identifiers for Linked Open Data’. To enable semantic interoperability of such a Ring, this article proposes to map LODE-BD metadata with the Framework’s ontology. The Ring can be further enriched with LOD2 Technology Stack to tackle the problem of trustworthiness of linked data lifecycle while addressing the issue of Big Data. To be trusted, digital libraries need to be audited and certified in compliance with the European Framework for Audit and Certification.
The digital library in the re-inscription of African cultural heritage
Authors: Peters Dale , Brenzinger Matthias , Meyer Renate , Noble Amanda , Zimmer Niklas
Published: September 2015

African digital libraries have evolved beyond the ‘preservation or access’ debate of the 1990s, and the concomitant compulsion to (un-)systematically convert cultural heritage collections from analogue to digital formats. The challenge now lies in the agility to respond to user needs, to match the selection for digitisation with a more strategic approach towards research relevance and potential research outputs. This paper will examine the symbiotic relationship between preservation, cultural heritage and scholarship in a case study on the description and documentation of extinct African languages. It proposes that the new point of focus lies in digital scholarship, enabling both technical innovation and more intellectual engagement in revisiting the digital library to review, correct and augment transitory records through a new scholarly interpretation of African cultural heritage.
The Political Economy Landscape
Authors: Cantillon Sara
Published: September 2015

This article presents a discussion of the current landscape of political economy. It teases out the contested understandings of political economy, explores the contributions from different political and economic traditions focusing in particular on the contribution of feminist economics. In its recount of conversations with Nancy Folbre, the preeminent feminist economist in the area of care, it examines how gender interacts with concepts of reciprocity, implicit contracts of care, and how the social norms are constructed in ways that reinforce women’s responsibility for care. The gradual surfacing of a feminist political economy perspective on care is identified and the complex way in which institutions, power relations, and exploitation are embedded in care relations is explored.
The First Nations Health Authority
Authors: Gallagher Joe , Mendez Joseph Kiet , Kehoe Trevor
Published: September 2015

More than 10 years of negotiation and a series of political agreements led to the formation of a new First Nations health governance structure in British Columbia and the beginning of new relationships in health between First Nations, federal, and provincial governments. The First Nations Health Authority is the service delivery arm of this structure and the first-of-its-kind for Canada. Equitable and innovative health service and governance partnerships can bring decision-making closer to home and into the hands of First Nations communities and allows using the best of western medicine combined with holistic and traditional practices. Decolonizing old relationships and building new partnerships are leading to greater alignment of culturally safe and effective health services through coordination, integration, and shared decision-making in British Columbia.
Feeding Mode of Australian Infants in the First 12 Months of Life
Authors: Magarey Anthea , Kavian Foorough , Scott Jane A. , Markow Kylie , Daniels Lynne
Published: September 2015

Background:

In 2011, Australia published a set of 6 population-level indicators assessing breastfeeding, formula use, and the introduction of soft/semisolid/solid foods.

Objectives:

This study aimed to report the feeding practices of Australian infants against these indicators and determine the predictors of early breastfeeding cessation and introduction of solids.

Methods:

Mother–infant dyads (N = 1470) were recruited postnatally in 2 Australian capital cities and regional areas of 1 state between February 2008 and March 2009. Demographic and feeding intention data were collected by self-completed questionnaire at infant birth, with feeding practices (current feeding mode, age of breastfeeding cessation, age of formula and/or solids introduction) reported when the infant was between 4 and 7 months of age, and around 13 months of age. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of breastfeeding cessation and solids introduction.

Results:

Although initiation of breastfeeding was almost universal (93.3%), less than half of the infants were breastfed to 6 months (41.7%) and 33.3% were receiving solids by 4 months. Women who were socially disadvantaged, younger, less educated, unpartnered, primiparous, and/or overweight were most likely to have ceased breastfeeding before 6 months of age, and younger and/or less educated women were most likely to have introduced solid food by 4 months of age. Not producing adequate milk was the most common reason provided for cessation of breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

The feeding behaviors of Australian infants in the first 12 months fall well short of recommendations. Women need anticipatory guidance as to the indicators of breastfeeding success and the tendency of women to doubt the adequacy of their breast milk supply warrants further investigation.
Aeroservoelastic modeling and analysis of a six-DOF hypersonic flight vehicle
Authors: Zong Qun , You Ming , Zeng Fanlin , Dou Liqian
Published: September 2015

By using light-weighted material in hypersonic flight vehicle, the vehicle body can be easily deformed. The mutual couplings in aerodynamics, flexible structure and control system will result in aeroservoelasticity problem. Based on the six-DOF geometry of a hypersonic flight vehicle, this paper uses assumed modes method, Shock-Expansion theory and Piston theory to develop the structural elastic model and the aerodynamic model, with actuator incorporated, the open-loop aeroservoelastic model of a six-DOF HFV is established. In open-loop analysis, the response of the elastic coordinates to the tail rudder deflection and the frequency characteristic of the transfer function of the tail rudder deflection to the first elastic coordinate are studied. A high gain feedback controller is designed for the aeroservoelastic model, and closed-loop analysis is conducted based on this model. The simulations show the influence of the elastic motion on the aerodynamic forces and moments.
Analysis and application of a new type of sweep optimization on cantilevered stators for an industrial multistage axial-flow compressor
Authors: Hanan Lu , Li Qiushi
Published: September 2015

Sweep is often applied to transonic rotors to reduce the shock loss and to stator vanes to reduce the end-wall separation loss. In this paper, a new type of sweep is created for cantilevered stators in a 5-stage axial-flow compressor through a combined use of sensitivity analysis and an integrated optimization design method. The shape of sweep is focused on the stator hub region according to sensitivity analysis, and the new swept stator design is beneficial for reducing the stator loss at hub end and improving the compressor aerodynamic performance. Firstly, the optimization design of a single first stator row is conducted in the multistage environment, and the aerodynamic benefits gain is mainly due to two aspects. On the one hand, the effect of sweep near the hub reduces the stator inlet Mach number and further reduces the size of supersonic regions and the peak Mach number on the suction surface, thus decreasing the aerodynamic losses. On the other hand, the sweep also reduces the loading in the front part of the blade near the hub and weakens the leakage flow, thus reducing the flow blockage and decreasing the secondary losses in the hub region. After the optimization, the stator loss is reduced by 7.4%, leading to an increment of 0.21% of adiabatic efficiency of the multistage compressor. Secondly, the same optimization strategy is then applied to the remaining stator rows to maximize the aerodynamic benefits gain. The optimized compressor achieves an approximately 1% improvement of adiabatic efficiency over than the baseline one and also performs better over the whole operating range. Simultaneously, the operating range of the multistage compressor is widened. The results indicate that cantilevered stators with the type of sweep in this work have a significant potential to improve the performance of multistage axial-flow compressor.
Changing a ‘culture’ of corruption: Evidence from an economic experiment in Italy
Authors: Zhang Nan
Published: September 2015

Empirical evidence demonstrates that bribery, extortion and graft are often the outgrowths of a deeper ‘culture of corruption’ which has proved disconcertingly resilient in the face of public sector reforms. This article investigates whether changing collective beliefs about how ‘most people in society’ will behave can reform prevailing cultural practices. Employing an economic experiment involving northern and southern Italian university students, this study shows that (costly) honest behavior can be sustained by conditional beliefs about the honesty of others. I also hypothesize that, given southern Italians’ reputation for corruption, informing participants that they are interacting with southerners should increase the level of bribery in the experiment. However, surprisingly, I find the opposite effect: when exposed to information about the identity of their fellow participants, southern Italians are not only less corrupt, but they are also more likely to believe that their counterparts are less corrupt. I discuss several explanations which may account for these unexpected findings. Overall, the paper provides theoretical foundations and experimental support for how new cultural practices might emerge.
Team Pay-For-Performance
Authors: Conroy Samantha A. , Gupta Nina
Published: September 2015

Teams are an important part of most organizations. As such, it is necessary that organizational leaders make a number of decisions regarding how to pay teams. In this article, prominent themes in the teams literature and the pay-for-performance literature are integrated to develop a framework of team pay-for-performance effectiveness. Using this framework as a guide, the literature on team pay-for-performance is reviewed. Important dimensions of the team pay-for-performance construct are identified, and mediating paths between these dimensions and team outcomes are clarified. This integration leads to identification and discussion of valuable areas for future work.
Off-Label Use of Agents for Management of Serious or Life-threatening Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor–Induced Angioedema
Authors: Culley Colleen M. , DiBridge Julie N. , Wilson Gregory L.
Published: September 2015

Objective: To evaluate the place in therapy of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), C1 esterase concentrate (C1-INH), ecallantide, and icatibant in the management of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor–induced angioedema (ACEI-IA). Data Sources: A literature search was performed using PubMed (1946 through August 2015) and Embase (<1966 through August 2015). References from identified articles were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Consensus papers, practice guidelines, case reports/series, clinical trials, and meeting abstracts published in English and involving humans were included. Data Synthesis: No medications are currently Food and Drug Administration–approved for managing ACEI-IA. Emerging evidence suggests that FFP and medications approved for management of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema, another bradykinin-mediated event, may be effective for use in ACEI-IA. Positive efficacy results were reported with FFP and C1-INH while mixed results have been seen with ecallantide. Off-label icatibant has the most evidence supporting its use in ACEI-IA with rapid symptom resolution (10 minutes to 6 hours) and avoidance of intubation and tracheotomy in several cases. These agents were well-tolerated in ACEI-IA. Conclusion: ACEI-IA is typically a self-limiting event. First-line therapies include ACEI discontinuation, observation, and supportive medications (eg, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and epinephrine). Symptom progression can be life-threatening and may require interventions such as tracheotomy and intubation. Off-label use of FFP and medications approved for hereditary angioedema have resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms and avoidance of intubation. Among these agents, icatibant has the most supporting evidence and has been incorporated into practice guidelines and algorithms as a second-line agent for serious life-threatening ACE-IA.
Which Ticker Format Works Best? Effects of Updating and Scrolling News Content on Viewer Memory and Program Engagement
Authors: Brechman Jean M. , Bellman Steven , Robinson Jennifer A. , Treleaven-Hassard Shiree , Varan Duane
Published: September 2015

This study considers two news ticker formats—the update ticker and the scrolling ticker—to determine the impact of ticker format on memory for news items in the tickers as well as for news program content presented in the background. Post-viewing responses between two treatment groups were compared, revealing better recognition of both types of news content when tickers updated rather than scrolled. Also, viewers report no differences in perceived clutter or program liking, suggesting there is no downside to using an update format.
Evolution of News Frames During the 2011 Egyptian Revolution
Authors: Guzman Andrea L.
Published: September 2015

This study traces the evolution of U.S. news media frames of participants in the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, part of the Arab Spring. Critical discourse analysis reveals that CNN.com and FoxNews.com employ frames previously applied to Muslims and the Middle East—U.S. friend/enemy and rational/irrational—to explain the anti-government protesters, president Hosni Mubarak and Mubarak’s government, and the Muslim Brotherhood to U.S. audiences. Media frames of certain groups fluctuate during the revolution and between CNN and Fox News, but, overall, these frames predominantly reflect U.S. political ideology that favors people seeking democracy over authoritarian rule and remains wary of Islam.
Clergy Perceptions of Sexual Assault Victimization
Authors: Yuvarajan Elil , Stanford Matthew S.
Published: September 2015

Although congregants often turn to clergy for help in dealing with personal difficulties, including marital problems, substance abuse issues, and mental illness, survivors of sexual assault do not commonly turn to clergy for support or guidance. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, online survey, and semi-structured interviews to determine how clergy perceive sexual assault victimization. The results of this study showed that more blame was assigned to the victim as the relationship with the perpetrator became closer, with the exception of marital rape. This study also found that hostile sexism was a predictor of negative attitudes toward rape victims.
The dynamics of party relabeling
Authors: Kim Mi-son , Solt Frederick
Published: September 2015

Contrary to longstanding arguments that equate parties with durable, information-rich brand names, the relabeling of parties is not rare, and in many countries it is not even very unusual. This paper provides the first effort to document this neglected phenomenon. It finds that across European democracies roughly a third of all parties have relabeled themselves at least once since 1945, and a similar proportion of elections include at least one party running under a new name. It then presents analyses of why parties change names more frequently in some circumstances, finding support for three explanations derived from the existing literature: parties with longer-standing brands are less likely to shed them, but relabeling is more likely for parties that suffer electoral setbacks and for parties in weaker party systems. Finally, it presents evidence that the end of Soviet communism made left parties more likely to rename themselves.
Is all campaigning equally positive? The impact of district level campaigning on voter turnout at the 2010 British general election
Authors: Fisher Justin , Fieldhouse Edward , Johnston Ron , Pattie Charles , Cutts David
Published: September 2015

Comparative literature suggests that campaigning efforts impact positively, both in terms of mobilization and turnout. Effects are not uniform. They may be affected by the electoral system, the electoral circumstances and the effectiveness of party management. Studies of district level (constituency) campaigning in Britain have identified two important trends. First, that effective targeting is a core component of a successful district campaign strategy and that parties have become better at targeting resources. However, a question has arisen as to whether increasingly ruthless partisan targeting by parties could have detrimental effects on overall levels of turnout. Second, they have shown how campaign techniques are continuously being modernized but that more traditional labour-intensive campaigning tends to produce stronger electoral payoffs. This article considers three questions in respect of the impact of district level campaigns on turnout: whether the combined campaign efforts of the three principal parties in Britain are associated with higher levels of turnout; whether the different campaigning styles of parties affect levels of turnout equally; and whether the campaigning efforts of different parties have differential effects on turnout and whether intense partisan targeting impacts upon turnout overall. We show that while campaigning boosts turnout, the impact varies by campaign technique and by party.
All about that base
Authors: Panagopoulos Costas
Published: September 2015

The current study presents evidence that partisan campaign strategies in US presidential elections have shifted in recent years to reflect a growing emphasis on base mobilization compared to persuading independent, undecided or swing voters. Pursuing reliable supporters appears to be increasingly desirable for political campaigns, especially since 2000, relative to the risky and uncertain prospects of targeting less reliable supporters. I speculate this shift is attributable, at least in part, to changes in the context in which contemporary campaigns operate, coinciding with the 2000 presidential election; advances in microtargeting, particularly through new e-campaigning and e-mobilization technologies, and behavioral science related to voter mobilization represent two of the most potent developments. By contrast, persuasion is a far more difficult and risky approach. I conclude that growing emphasis on base mobilization in elections has likely contributed to intensifying partisan polarization in America.
Mobilization, participation, and political change
Authors: Hansen John Mark
Published: September 2015

Mobilization is itself a form of political participation, chosen with attention to the effects that an intervention in politics by significant numbers of others might be expected to produce, the costs that will need to be borne in order to produce it, and the effectiveness and cost of other kinds of investments in political influence. This essay focuses on the political participation of political mobilizers, the actors behind the actors in mass politics. Considering matters from the perspective of the elites who might solicit citizen involvement, I review some of the major ways that politics in the United States has changed over the last two decades, their implications for the cost-effectiveness of mobilization as a strategy in politics, and the evidence – such as exists – for their effects on mass participation in American elections and government. The regularization of two-party competitive politics, the polarization of political elites and the electorate, and the shifting regulation of campaigns and elections, I argue, have affected the opportunities, incentives, and resources for mobilization as the strategy of choice for campaigns, parties, and advocates in America.
The Ayodhya dispute: The absent mosque, state of emergency and the jural deity
Authors: Mehta Deepak
Published: September 2015

The Ayodhya dispute is located neither solely within the institutions of the nation state, nor within networks of religious associations, but at the crossroads of secular and religious culture in India. At its heart lies the place of the Hindu god Rama, constituted in law as a jural person. How do we understand the emergence of this jural deity in the dispute? Focusing on appellate judgments that addressed the demolition of the Babri Mosque on 6 December 1992, the article argues that the legal evaluation of specific claims rested on a contest over asymmetric temporalities. Prior to the demolition, judicial accounts referred to the site as a ‘disputed area’ or the ‘Ayodhya dispute’. After the demolition, this literature named the disputed area as the Babri Masjid. It was as if the Hindu deity, Rama, would fill in the space of the absent mosque. The author shows how the presence of the deity rested on an understanding of the sublime that was simultaneously political and religious.
The calculus of the record: Criminal history in the making of US Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Authors: Lynch Mona , Bertenthal Alyse
Published: September 2015

The Federal Sentencing Guidelines, developed by the United States Sentencing Commission in the 1980s, appear to exemplify the turn from individualization toward aggregated, rationalized risk management that ostensibly became hegemonic in the late 20th century. In this article, we challenge that presumption by building on Harcourt’s (2007) argument that penal actuarialism emerged as part of the individualization project rather than as a repudiation of it. We trace how ‘criminal history’ came to be the primary mode for capturing defendant characteristics in the Guidelines formula, and delineate how time became the unit of quantification to transform criminal history into ordinal measures of current culpability. We draw three lessons from this case study: about the durability of old practices and logics; about how the individual penal subject lives on in sentencing regimes like the federal Guidelines system; and about the metrics of time and history as ways of knowing the juridical subject.
Abnormal Patella Height Based on Insall-Salvati Ratio and its Correlation with Patellar Cartilage Lesions: An Extremity-Dedicated Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis of 1703 Chinese Cases
Authors: Lu W. , Yang J. , Chen S. , Zhu Y. , Zhu C.
Published: September 2015

Background and aims:

Diagnostic performance of patellar position for patellar cartilage lesions remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the abnormal patella height and its correlation with chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint in China.

Material and methods:

A total of 1703 consecutive patients who performed knee joint examination using an extremity-dedicated low-field magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. Patellar cartilage lesions were diagnosed based on the result of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data. Patella height was defined as the ratio of patellar tendon length to patellar length according to Insall-Salvati index. Patella alta and infera were defined as tendon length/patellar length >1.2 and <0.8, respectively.

Results:

The total prevalence of patellar cartilage lesions was 38.0%. The prevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males (46.4% vs 28.8%, p < 0.001). Age notably increased the incidence of patellar cartilage lesions ( p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that tendon length/patellar length ratio was significantly correlated with patellar cartilage lesions (odds ratio = 6.380, p < 0.001). Furthermore, patients with cartilage lesions showed significantly higher rates of patella alta and infera ( p < 0.001). In addition, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that abnormal patella height had statistical significance in diagnosing cartilage lesions ( p < 0.001). However, the area under the curve (0.596; 95% confidence interval: 0.568–0.624) and sensitivity (47.0%) were relatively low, while the specificity was 72.2%.

Conclusions:

Patients with patellar cartilage lesions have an increased tendon length/patellar length ratio. The abnormal patella height is significantly correlated with chondral lesions and can be used as a potential diagnostic marker.
Reclaiming the “D” in HRD
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , McGuire David , Lee Monica
Published: September 2015

Despite being viewed as a major construct at the heart of human resource development (HRD), considerable complexity, confusion, and ambiguity exists regarding the conceptualization of development. The notion of development has attracted interest from a wide array of fields including HRD, adult education, psychology, management studies, and organization theory. As a result, there is little consistency in how development is understood, conceptualized, or tested. This article examines the current body of knowledge and understanding on development to develop a typology to focus future research and investigations. A typology of development is proposed, and four development types are identified. The article then articulates the underlying theories, primary antecedents, and outcomes associated with each of the four development types. Finally, recommendations and avenues for future research arising from the typology are specified.
Virtual machine-based simulation platform for mobile ad-hoc network-based cyber infrastructure
Authors: Yoginath Srikanth B , Perumalla Kalyan S , Henz Brian J
Published: September 2015

In modeling and simulating complex systems, such as mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), in defense communications, it is a major challenge to reconcile multiple important considerations: the rapidity of unavoidable changes to the software (network layers and applications), the difficulty of modeling the critical, implementation-dependent behavioral effects, the need to sustain larger scale scenarios, and the desire for faster simulations. Here we present our approach in successfully reconciling them using a virtual time-synchronized virtual machine (VM)-based parallel execution framework that accurately lifts both the devices, as well as the network communications, to a virtual time plane while retaining full fidelity. At the core of our framework is a scheduling engine that operates at the level of a hypervisor scheduler, offering a unique ability to execute multi-core guest nodes over multi-core host nodes in an accurate, virtual time-synchronized manner. In contrast to other related approaches that suffer from either speed or accuracy issues, our framework provides MANET node-wise scalability, high fidelity of software behaviors, and time-ordering accuracy. The design and development of this framework is presented, and an actual implementation based on the widely used Xen hypervisor system is described. Benchmarks with synthetic and actual applications are used to identify the benefits of our approach. The time inaccuracy of traditional emulation methods is demonstrated, in comparison with the accurate execution of our framework verified by theoretically correct results expected from analytical models of the same scenarios. In the largest high-fidelity tests, we are able to perform virtual time-synchronized simulation of 64-node VM-based full-stack, actual software behaviors of MANETs containing a mix of static and mobile (unmanned airborne vehicle) nodes, hosted on a 32-core host, with full fidelity of unmodified ad-hoc routing protocols, unmodified application executables, and user-controllable physical layer effects, including inter-device wireless signal strength, reachability, and connectivity.
Changes in Social Networks and HIV Risk Behaviors Among Homeless Adults Transitioning Into Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors: Henwood Benjamin F. , Rhoades Harmony , Hsu Hsun-Ta , Couture Julie , Rice Eric , Wenzel Suzanne L.
Published: September 2015

Permanent supportive housing (PSH) has been recognized by the U.S. federal government as the “clear solution” to chronic homelessness. Whether and how access to PSH affects HIV risk is unclear. This mixed methods pilot study uses a convergent parallel design in order to better understand social relationships and HIV risk during the transition from homelessness to PSH. Findings suggest that (a) Sexual activity and HIV risk behaviors increase with housing, (b) Social network size and composition appear to change as individuals transition into PSH, and (c) There is tension between moving forward and leaving behind the past once a person has housing. This study demonstrates that PSH constitutes a specific risk environment that has not been previously investigated.
A theoretical model of rain–wind–induced in-plane galloping on overhead transmission tower-lines system
Authors: Zhou Chao , Liu Yibing
Published: September 2015

Rain–wind–induced galloping phenomenon often occurs on overhead transmission tower-lines system, just as icing galloping and vortex-excited vibration; this kind of instability oscillation can cause power-line breakage or tower failure. However, the existing theoretical models of rain–wind–induced galloping are mainly based on the hypothesis of the overhead power-lines with fixed ends, which is inconsistent with the actual operation situation. Therefore, this article thus presents a preliminary theoretical study and proposes a new theoretical model taking into account the effect of tower excitations on the in-plane galloping of the overhead power-line and on the motion of the upper rain-line. The theoretical model is solved by Galerkin method and verified by the comparison with the test data obtained in the available literature involved with the overhead power-lines with fixed towers or moving towers. It turns out that the tower excitations may intensify the in-plane galloping amplitude of the overhead power-line within a certain range of frequency ratio and enable better comprehension of rain–wind–induced galloping mechanism.
Minimization of thermal insulation thickness taking into account condensation on external walls
Authors: Yamankaradeniz Nurettin
Published: September 2015

Condensation occurs in the inner layers of construction materials at whatever point the partial pressure of water vapor diffuses and reaches its saturation pressure. Condensation, also called sweating, damages materials, reduces thermal resistance, and by increasing the total heat transfer coefficient, results in unwanted events such as increased heat loss. This study applied minimization of thermal insulation thickness with consideration given to condensation in the external walls. The calculations of heat and mass transfers in the structure elements are expressed in a graphical form. While there was an increase in the required thermal insulation thickness subsequent to an increase in the internal environment’s temperature, relative humidity, and the external environment’s relative humidity, the required thickness decreased with an increase in the external environment’s temperature. The amount of water vapor transferred varied with internal or external conditions and the thickness of the insulation. A change in the vapor diffusion resistance of the insulation material can increase the risk of condensation on the internal or external surfaces of the insulation.
Sensationalism in media discourse: A genre-based analysis of Chinese legal news reports
Authors: Ge Yunfeng
Published: September 2015

As a type of public discourse closely related to litigation practices, Chinese legal news reports incorporate the important progress in China’s judicial reform. Meanwhile, due to the competitive pressure and driven by profit, Chinese legal news reports are characteristic of an evident trend of marketization. This article examines how and to what extent sensationalism invades Chinese legal news reports. The research methodology combines the theoretical paradigms of critical discourse analysis and genre analysis, with particular attention paid to the notions of genre and interdiscursivity. The data include 70 legal news reports in Legal Daily. Analytical results show that Chinese legal news reports, although being a highly institutional genre, include a number of sensational strategies which promote the restructuring of legal news reports in China.
Lumacaftor and ivacaftor in the management of patients with cystic fibrosis: current evidence and future prospects
Authors: Kuk Kelly , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L.
Published: September 2015

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that causes multiorgan morbidity and premature death, most commonly from pulmonary dysfunction. Mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, of which almost 2000 have been described, result in a dysfunctional CFTR protein. This protein is an adenosine triphosphate binding anion channel, present primarily at the surface of epithelial cells. Loss of function mutations in this anion channel result in decreased or absent chloride/bicarbonate transport. The subsequent abnormal salt and water transport at epithelial cell surfaces leads to thickened secretions, and infection or inflammation in affected organs. In the last 20 years, therapeutics have been developed to treat the signs and symptoms of CF. However, in 2012, the small molecule drug, ivacaftor, became the first approved therapy that addresses the basic defect in CF. Ivacaftor is a potentiator of CFTR channels defective in their chloride/bicarbonate gating/conductance, but present at the epithelial cell surface. It is only approved for 10 mutations carried by approximately 7% of the population of patients with CF. F508del is the most common CFTR mutation, present in homozygosity in approximately 50% of patients with CF. The F508del mutation results in multiple CFTR channel defects that require both correction (stabilization of misfolded CFTR and trafficking to the epithelial cell membrane) and potentiation. This article reviews the in vitro and clinical trial data for the potential use of the potentiator, ivacaftor, and the corrector, lumacaftor, in patients with CF.
The power of negative thinking in and for teacher education
Authors: Clarke Matthew , Phelan Anne
Published: September 2015

In an anxious world increasingly perceived in terms of risk management, strategies for mapping, articulating and organizing knowledge provide a bulwark against uncertainty. For teacher education, one consequence has been a drive for fullness in relation to knowledge about what teachers should know and be able to do, usually conceived in instrumental terms. Indeed, teacher education, like education more broadly, has been captured by a ‘discursive duopoly’ of instrumentalism, involving the pervasive view that the main purpose of education is to serve the needs of the economy, and consensualism, involving the valorization of agreement regarding this purpose. One way to understand this dynamic in teacher education is in terms of positivity and negativity, whereby the positive refers to social structures, institutions and policies – best practice or teaching standards – that have become reified, while the negative is that which unsettles and disrupts the comfortable stance of the given order of things. Negativity, as a political practice that engages with the positive to reveal the historical and contingent nature of all knowledge, thus offers new conceptual resources, such as antagonism, dissensus, fantasy and impotentiality, for imagining alternative scenarios for teacher education beyond the confines of current policies.
Shemamruthaa, a Herbal Formulation Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells and Inhibits Tumor Progression in Rats
Authors: Purushothaman Ayyakkannu , Nandhakumar Elumalai , Shanthi Palanivelu , Sachidanandam Thiruvaiyaru Panchanatham
Published: September 2015

Phytochemicals present in plants are more effective than their individual constituents in preventing cancer through synergetic effects. From this perspective, Shemamruthaa, a herbal formulation was evaluated with a view to potentiate more intense anticancer property. This study investigates the anticancer activity of Shemamruthaa in breast cancer (MDA-MB 231) cell lines and its cancer therapeutic potential in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced breast cancer rats. Results of MTT, trypan blue, and apoptotic marker assays suggested that Shemamruthaa can induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Oral administration of Shemamruthaa effectively suppressed the tumor progression as evidenced by decrease in tumor volume and modulation of oxidant-antioxidant status and resulted in extended life span. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of Shemamruthaa revealed the presence of pyrogallol, 5-hydrxoymethylfurfural, trilinolein, and flavonoids. Finally, we show that Shemamruthaa contains potential anticancer agents acting either singly or in combination against breast cancer cell proliferation.
Orange Is Still Pink
Authors: Schnittker Jason , Bacak Valerio
Published: September 2015

Although research has established a very strong relationship between the presence of a psychiatric disorder and victimization in prisons, some gaps remain in our understanding. This study considers the importance of gender differences in this relationship. Estimates based on the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities show that psychiatric disorders have a stronger relationship with victimization among male inmates than among female inmates. Yet the size of the gender difference varies greatly depending on the specific disorder. Depressive disorders have a much stronger relationship with victimization among men than among women, but other disorders, such as psychosis, show no gender difference. Symptom-specific analyses further confirm the nature of the difference. Victimization appears to be based in part on how well symptoms do or do not overlap with traditional gender roles. Male-atypical symptoms (e.g., sadness) have a stronger relationship with victimization among men, whereas female-atypical symptoms (e.g., anger) have a stronger relationship with victimization among women. Gender-neutral symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions) have an equivalent relationship between genders. Further analyses suggest that these gender differences are not explained (with some exceptions) by verbal or physical provocation. These findings are interpreted in light of the literature on the nature of social control in men’s and women’s prisons as well as the literature on stigma.
Yoga for Self-Care and Burnout Prevention Among Nurses
Authors: Alexander Gina K. , Rollins Kari , Walker Danielle , Wong Lily , Pennings Jacquelyn
Published: September 2015

The promotion of self-care and the prevention of burnout among nurses is a public health priority. Evidence supports the efficacy of yoga to improve physical and mental health outcomes, but few studies have examined the influence of yoga on nurse-specific outcomes. The purpose of this pilot-level randomized controlled trial was to examine the efficacy of yoga to improve self-care and reduce burnout among nurses. Compared with controls ( n = 20), yoga participants ( n = 20) reported significantly higher self-care as well as less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization upon completion of an 8-week yoga intervention. Although the control group demonstrated no change throughout the course of the study, the yoga group showed a significant improvement in scores from pre- to post-intervention for self-care ( p < .001), mindfulness ( p = .028), emotional exhaustion ( p = .008), and depersonalization ( p = .007) outcomes. Implications for practice are discussed.
Injury Rates in Age-Only Versus Age-and-Weight Playing Standard Conditions in American Youth Football
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Marshall Stephen W. , Simon Janet E. , Hayden Ross , Snook Erin M. , Dodge Thomas , Gallo Joseph A. , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Mensch James , Murphy Joseph M. , Nittoli Vincent C. , Dompier Thomas P. , Ragan Brian , Yeargin Susan W. , Parsons John T.
Published: September 2015

Background:

American youth football leagues are typically structured using either age-only (AO) or age-and-weight (AW) playing standard conditions. These playing standard conditions group players by age in the former condition and by a combination of age and weight in the latter condition. However, no study has systematically compared injury risk between these 2 playing standards.

Purpose:

To compare injury rates between youth tackle football players in the AO and AW playing standard conditions.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Athletic trainers evaluated and recorded injuries at each practice and game during the 2012 and 2013 football seasons. Players (age, 5-14 years) were drawn from 13 recreational leagues across 6 states. The sample included 4092 athlete-seasons (AW, 2065; AO, 2027) from 210 teams (AW, 106; O, 104). Injury rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were used to compare the playing standard conditions. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to estimate RRs adjusted for residual effects of age and clustering by team and league. There were 4 endpoints of interest: (1) any injury, (2) non–time loss (NTL) injuries only, (3) time loss (TL) injuries only, and (4) concussions only.

Results:

Over 2 seasons, the cohort accumulated 1475 injuries and 142,536 athlete-exposures (AEs). The most common injuries were contusions (34.4%), ligament sprains (16.3%), concussions (9.6%), and muscle strains (7.8%). The overall injury rate for both playing standard conditions combined was 10.3 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 9.8-10.9). The TL injury, NTL injury, and concussion rates in both playing standard conditions combined were 3.1, 7.2, and 1.0 per 1000 AEs, respectively. In multivariate Poisson regression models controlling for age, team, and league, no differences were found between playing standard conditions in the overall injury rate (RRoverall, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.4-2.6). Rates for the other 3 endpoints were also similar (RRNTL, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.4-3.0]; RRTL, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.4-1.9]; RRconcussion, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.3-1.4]).

Conclusion:

For the injury endpoints examined in this study, the injury rates were similar in the AO and AW playing standards. Future research should examine other policies, rules, and behavioral factors that may affect injury risk within youth football.
Qualitative and quantitative mineralogical composition of the Rupelian Boom Clay in Belgium
Authors: Zeelmaekers E. , Honty M. , Derkowski A. , Środoń J. , De Craen M. , Vandenberghe N. , Adriaens R. , Ufer K. , Wouters L.
Published: September 2015

The Boom Clay Formation of early Oligocene age, which occurs underground in northern Belgium, has been studied intensively for decades as a potential host rock for the disposal of nuclear waste. The goal of the present study is to determine a reference composition for the Boom Clay using both literature methods and methods developed during this work. The study was carried out on 20 samples, representative of the lithological variability of the formation. The bulk-rock composition was obtained by X-ray diffraction using a combined full-pattern summation and singlepeak quantification method. Siliciclastics vary from 27 to 72 wt.%, clay minerals with 25–71 wt.% micas, 0–4 wt.% carbonates, 2–4 wt.% accessory minerals (mainly pyrite and anatase) and 0.5–3.5 wt.% organic matter. This bulk-rock composition was validated independently by majorelement chemical analysis. The detailed composition of the clay-sized fraction was determined by modelling of the oriented X-ray diffraction patterns, using a larger sigma star (σ*) value for discrete smectite than for the other clay minerals. The <2 μm clay mineralogy of the Boom Clay is qualitatively homogeneous; it contains 14–25 wt.% illite, 19–39 wt.% smectite, 19–42 wt.% randomly interstratified illite-smectite with about 65% illite layers, 5–12 wt.% kaolinite, 4–17 wt.% randomly interstratified kaolinite-smectite and 2–7 wt.% chloritic minerals (chlorite, “defective” chlorite and interstratified chlorite-smectite). All modelled clay mineral proportions were verified independently using major-element chemistry and cation exchange capacity measurements. Bulkrock and clay mineral analysis results were combined to obtain the overall detailed quantitative composition of the Boom Clay Formation.