bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquidation of Oil and Petroleum Products Spills Based on Use of NA and CA-Differences of Zeolite
Authors: Erofeevskya L A , Aleksandrov A R
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the use of ecologically and economically practical proved methods of neutralizing the soil ecosystems in Yakutia after emergency oil spills. Experimental studies have been made to develop a new biosorbent based on a natural sorbent. The natural zeolite Na and CA-differences from the Khonguruu deposit (The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia) is used as a base for obtaining the biosorbent. The necessary typification of zeolite deposits revealed at the stage of exploration, in order to determine the field of practical application of raw materials in the preparation of the field for industrial development. The types of raw materials according to the cationic composition difference are identified: clinoptilolite-heulandite and heulandite. A brief description of the material composition and averaged physico-chemical characteristics of various types of zeolite raw material is given. We present the results of the experimental application of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on zeolite (clinoptilolite- heulandite series) from the Khonguruu deposit in oil-contaminated soils. It has been established that the obtained biomineral compositions provide a significant activation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) biodegradation in the soil. In general, the technology of using zeolite raw materials for cleaning up oil spills from different types of permafrost soils provides a significant ecological and economic effect, thus contributing to the reduction of the time for rehabilitation of disturbed lands and the improvement of the environment in the disturbed territory.
Sources of Fresh Water in the Southern Regions of the Chelyabinsk Region
Authors: Dozorov V A , Bekhterev A N , Plugina N A
Published: April 2020

The article presents spectrophotometric study of the content of biogenic and abiogenic chemical elements in surface and underground natural waters of the South Ural and other regions. The concentrations of the most important biogenic and abiogenic elements in these waters were determined. The excess concentrations of antimony and manganese in the samples were found. The problem of creation of regional selective filters for drinking water removing xenobiotics from it with a significant excess of MPC is formulated.
Research on Efficiency of Solvents of Paraffin Deposits
Authors: Ivanova I K , Semenov M E
Published: April 2020

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the phase transition of commercial paraffins in asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD). Paraffin deposits have been collected from the surface of oil field equipment in the Irelyakhskoye oil and gas field (Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Gas condensate (GC) that is currently used in this field to remove deposits, as well as its mixture with cyclohexane and p-xylene, have been studied as ARPD solvents. The degree of crystallinity (DC) of paraffins has been identified to depend on the degree of aliphaticity of the mixed solvents used, with an increase in the degree of aliphaticity of the solvent, the DC of paraffins increases. Paraffins in the triple solvents are found to possess low DC and high melting points. The results of the research led to the conclusion that it is necessary to use GC with addition of aromatic concentrate to remove paraffin deposits in the oil field.
Method for Assessing the Environmental Impact on the Duration of the Safe Operation of Offshore Stationary Platforms (MSP) for the Extraction of Oil, Gas and Other Resources on the Shelf
Authors: Starokon I V
Published: April 2020

The article explores the problems of assessing environmental impacts on the duration of the operation of offshore oil and gas facilities. The methods used in the domestic and foreign regulatory frameworks to assess the duration of operation of offshore oil and gas facilities are analyzed. It is noted that the issues of the influence of loads causing alternating stress have been given significant attention, however, the issues of the “influence”, which also create various alternating stress, have not been sufficiently taken into account. Currently, with respect to offshore oil and gas facilities, there is no methodology that would make it possible to objectively describe both the nature of these impacts and provide numerical and analytical dependences of the impact of these effects on the duration of operation of offshore oil and gas facilities. The task is to systematize the effects that affect the duration of the operation of offshore oil and gas facilities, and to develop a mathematical apparatus that allows you to determine the specific numerical values of the variable stresses caused by these effects.
Frost Weathering as a Process of Degradation of Surface of Rocks under the Action of Internal Stresses
Authors: Popov V I
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of studies of self-organization of ice inclusions in the surface layer of frozen moisture-bearing rocks. Frosty weathering of rocks is determined by the formation of inhomogeneous stresses in the surface layer. They are due to the random nature of the appearance of crystallization centers and further inhomogeneous growth of crystalline (ice) formations. They are narrow, rectangular inclusions of fixed sizes for which solutions of the theory of elasticity are known. An original model of heat and mass transfer in the surface layer of a moisture-containing rock under the influence of variable temperatures with a period of ∼ 12 hours is used. The correlated arrangement of crystalline formations is determined by the process of minimizing the total elastic energy of the ensemble of ice formations depending on the angle of their mutual orientation.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Various Intensifiers on the Process of Methane Replacement with Carbon Dioxide in Gas Hydrate
Authors: Osmolovskiy P I , Em I M , Gulkov A N
Published: April 2020

The experimental data of replacement of methane with carbon dioxide in gas hydrate using various intensifiers of the substitution process are represented in this article. When nitrogen was used as the gas of the intensifier of the substitution process, a growth of 15% in the volume of carbon dioxide substituted for methane was revealed in a 30/70% ratio for the same period of time and the same experimental conditions. When atmospheric air was used as a gas intensifier for the substitution process, as a cheaper alternative component, a 36% increase was detected in the volume of carbon dioxide that replaced methane at a ratio for the same period of time and the same experimental conditions. When applying thermal stimulation and substitution using preheated carbon dioxide, the growth was 44% and 52%, respectively.
A Method for Identifying and Resolving Conflicts in Urban Riverside Development
Authors: Perkova M V , Baklazhenko E V , Vaytens A G
Published: April 2020

Today, the urban riverside is prone to conflict; it is a location in the direst the need of preserving the environment and optimizing environmental management. This paper proposes a mechanism for resolving the conflicts that may arise when developing a riverside. The river and the riverside are crucial to high-quality natural and anthropogenic systems in any kind of settlement. The riverside is not only an important natural and recreational resource; it can also compensate for the anthropogenic environmental damage. However, it is also susceptible to intense anthropogenic impact associated with suboptimal use of coastal areas, deterioration of green spaces, and a considerable reduction in the areas suitable for recreation. To resolve the existing urban conflicts pertaining to the riverside, this paper proposes an ecological stabilization method that can create a holistic territorial complex to merge the necessary natural and anthropogenic components. The method is based on identifying urban conflicts and their parties, on finding a middle ground that will fit all of them while also preserving the ecological backbone. The method helps adapt riversides to the interests and values of all urban parties, protect the water reservoirs from intense anthropogenic impact, and improve the ecological conditions.
Building-Bridges and Building-Platforms as Impact Into Sustainable Development of City Architecture
Authors: Zabalueva T R , Zakharov A V
Published: April 2020

Building-bridges and building-platforms significantly contribute to the resolution of two most complex problems large cities suffer from: recurring traffic jams and dramatic lack of free territories for building development. Building bridges over various extended obstacles of the technogenic (motor and rail roads) and natural (rivers, cloughs, etc.) remains one of the most urgent tasks of forming urban traffic system. Bridge erection is fully financed by state structures but it does not provide any direct economic return. Due to restricted public funds bridge building can last for years. To resolve the problem as fast as possible, one suggests attracting external investments by means of constructing a new type of buildings called “building-bridges”. The bridge part of the building is included in the urban traffic system, useful building areas which can yield early income are assigned to the investor for use. Due to this the second problem - the lack of free territories for building development - is resolved. The development of building-bridge structural systems allows forming large spaces of platforms for building development, garden square improvement, sports grounds and parks enhancing the city ecology over the territories of access routes to railway stations and some industrial territories within the city.
Green Roofs in Russia: Classification and Typology
Authors: Kireeva T V
Published: April 2020

The proposed Green Roof Classification is a foundation, upon which Russia will develop its green architecture and natural urbanism. The classification uses four generic features that branch into multiple subfeatures; in an association with an expanded typology, it forms a dually structured whole. For the first time ever in Russian science, the classification presents a clear-cut definition of each class and type of green and accessed roofs. The classification flowchart is a visual toolkit designers, construction workers, and developers could use to create and promote green roofs. The Green Roof Classification should become part of the curricula for bachelors and masters in Landscape Architecture and Architectural Design.
Selection of Organizational and Technological Solutions for Construction
Authors: Sinenko S
Published: April 2020

The article describes methods and techniques of selecting the most efficient solutions for construction. Selection of the best organizational, technological and cost-effective selection for construction of buildings and related structures is one of the key issues of constructions operations studied by virtually all the leading universities in the Russian Federation. This issue becomes relevant when new construction processes are introduced and when minor quantitative changes, which in the majority of cases result in a change in the technology and organization of works, are made to a project. Currently, there is an issue of formalization of the problem on all stages, as well as of the more precise definition of direct and inverse connections between separate stages of selecting an organizational and technological solution (OTS) for construction of buildings and related structures. Having analyzed research papers and building information modeling tools for developing an OTS, we may assert that the selection of organizational and technological solutions is insufficiently elaborated in the sphere of automation and still requires a large amount of manual labor regarding, particularly, selection of a model flow chart of CP. Results of multiple studies in the sphere of virtual reality support implementation of the “direct design” concept. Architectural and construction visualization as one of the spheres of 3D graphics helps to evaluate whether a building or any architectural form fits the existing construction site to a high degree of accuracy.
Implementation of Technosphere and Fire Safety Program (TFSP) to Increase Production Efficiency and Minimize Losses
Authors: Makarenko A I , Tarakanova V V , Romanenko A I
Published: April 2020

Technosphere and Fire Safety Program (TFSP) is a production program whose main goal is to achieve maximum compliance with environmental laws, meet the requirements of safety standards and norms, maintain production equipment throughout its entire life cycle by engaging and motivating participation in this program throughout work force. The main three goals of the TFSP are: minimization of manufacturing defects, breakdowns and emergencies. According to this program, these goals can be achieved by taking measures aimed at improving the efficiency of equipment, creating an autonomous maintenance program, creating a planned maintenance system, organizing training courses for workers and developing an enterprise management system. The article considers the possibility of introducing technosphere and fire safety programs (TFSP) in industry. At the first stage, possible losses and factors contributing to these losses were determined. The general indicators of technosphere safety are affected by eight major production losses associated with equipment, which include equipment breakdowns, adjustment and commissioning, component replacement, production line start-up, idling, speed, manufacturing defects, and unplanned shutdowns. At the second stage of the introduction of the TFSP, a scheduled maintenance program was proposed with the aim of creating a smooth production process with minimizing technosphere risks.
Research of Formation and Decomposition Processes of Natural Gas Hydrates of Different Composition in Model Stratum Waters of a Bicarbonate-Sodium Type
Authors: Kalacheva L P , Portnyagin A S , Solovyeva S A
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the behaviour of formation and decomposition of natural gas hydrates of the Srednevilyuiskoe and Otradninskoe gas condensate fields depending on the concentration of sodium bicarbonate solution. Natural gases used in the hydrate formation process differ in their component composition and physicochemical properties. It was found that with increasing concentration of solutions, the gas pressure at which the hydrate formation process ends is increased. During hydrate formation, the initial dry natural gas of the Srednevilyuiskoe field turns into semi-wet gas, and that of the Otradninskoe field turns into wet gas. The decomposition of natural gas hydrates is described by sigmoid curves without an induction period. For the decomposition reaction of hydrates formed by natural gas of the Srednevilyuiskoe field, the reaction acceleration period is shorter than the deceleration period, while the opposite is observed for the Otradninskoe field. Therefore, in the first case, hydrates decompose faster than in the second. Thus, it was found that the hydrate formation process in model solutions of the sodium bicarbonate type and the decomposition reaction of the resulting hydrates depend on the composition of natural gas.
Designing In-Seam Gas Drainage Technology Based on Hydrodynamic Approach
Authors: Ponizov A V
Published: April 2020

The article presents science based technological solutions that are essential for the development of the country’s coal mining industry in terms of ensuring safety and efficiency of underground coal mining on the basis of improving in-seam gas drainage technologies using hydrodynamic impact on coal seams. Experimental work on the in-situ testing and approval of the new holistic technology was successfully done in the production panels 24-58, 24-58, 24-60 and 24-62 at the Kirova mine. That included underground hydrofracture of the working seam carried out from the development headings. High effectiveness of the proposed in-seam gas drainage technology was confirmed by effective methane extraction from the working coal seam, reduction of gas content in longwall faces and significant cut-down of equipment nonproductive time in areas covered by active in-seam gas drainage.
Physical and Chemical Regularities of Water’s Composition Formation in Natural and Technogenic Geological Structures of Closed Coal Mines (“Water-Rock” Model Verification)
Authors: Tarasenko I , Zinkov A , Zinkova E
Published: April 2020

The physical and chemical modelling helped to establish the regularities of the groundwater’s composition formation in the areas of coal mines that are being abandoned. We demonstrated that the unusual features of the composition of the subsurface waters in natural and technogenic structures of Russia and Ukraine resulted from “water–rock–gas” system’s chemical processes. “Aluminosilicates–water” system consecutively produces solutions corresponding to the HCO3–Ca → HCO3–Na(Mg) → HCO3–SO4–Na(Mg) → SO4–Na(Mg) series of changes in composition, “limestone-water” system produces solutions corresponding to the HCO3–Ca → Cl–Ca series, “dolomite-water” system consecutively produces aqueous solutions of the HCO3–Mg → Cl–Mg series, and “rock salt-water” system produces acidic Cl– Na type waters. We proved that water composition of technogenic complexes is determined by the features of geological structure of sedimentary basins, relations between reaction water masses and rocks (W/R), O2 and Co2 closeness-openness of W/R system.
The Mineralogical Findings in Coastal Outcrops of the Taimyr Peninsula
Authors: Tarasenko I , Zinkov A , Vasik O
Published: April 2020

The unique mineralogical findings in the coastal outcrops of the Taimyr Peninsula have been investigated. The internal structure, mineral and chemical composition of the mineral formations have been considered. The drusoid formations were established to be glendonites, and the spherical mineral aggregates were found to compose of carbonate material mainly, the last one containing numerous inclusions of pyrite, ilmenite, plagioclase, chlorite, amphibole, apatite and barite. Due to the usage of physical and chemical modeling it is shown that the investigated mineralogical findings proved to be the result of chemical processes in the system “water–permafrost rocks”.
The Research of Compression Pressure Effect in System External Coolers of LNG Technological Cycle
Authors: Lunkova L G , Melnikov G S , Razumov I K , Gulkov A N
Published: April 2020

As it is well known, that the demand for natural gas is growing, because it is the most environmentally friendly type of fuel. In addition to minimal environmental impact, natural gas has good operational and energy characteristics, which makes it an absolute leader in the global energy market. During liquefaction, natural gas becomes 600 times smaller in volume, which allows it to be transported by any ways over long distances. The issue of economic feasibility of transportation is decided on an individual basis. But liquefied natural gas (LNG) production is an energy-intensive process that requires significant operating costs. Therefore, the present work is devoted to the study of the effect of compression pressure on energy consumption in closed loops. The nitrogen and propane cycles are taken as an example.
Monitoring the Biological Safety Indoors
Authors: Kantur V A , Petrosyants V V , Lomakin A F
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a method and a device for monitoring biological contamination indoors. The method uses the human body as a primary transducer as it produces a psychosomatic response to a biological agent. It is based on measuring the psychosomatic response to the non-invasive effects of biologic threats posed by such agents. A light permeability sensor for human body is proposed as for psychosomatic response instrumentation. The paper presents the circuit diagram of the device and describes it. It further dwells upon the specifications of an experimental unit created to measure biological contamination. The paper discusses the results of measuring human body’s psychosomatic response to pathogenic molds present indoors. It proves the proposed biological monitoring method advantageous.
Autonomous Network of Seismic Stations of the Island of Matua
Authors: Dudchenko I P
Published: April 2020

Currently, the majority of seismic stations installed in the Far East automatically continuously transmit data to processing centers. But none of the network’s seismic stations is autonomous in the full sense of the word. All these seismic stations are located in places where there is a power supply system and cellular communication. Some seismic stations do not transmit data due to the absence of a cellular network, and are powered by regularly replaced batteries, so they require regular visits to save data and replace batteries.
The Economic Effects of Interregional Redistribution of Resources: the Case of Khabarovsk Territory
Authors: Isaev A
Published: April 2020

Interregional transfers are the tool for redistributing financial resources in national economy. Increase in transfers to the region affects the supply of freely provided public goods by residents. The study investigates the effects of changes in the volume of federal transfers on key variables of the regional economy using a two-regional computable general equilibrium model. A key feature of the used Groenewold-Hagger-Madden model is the behavior of regional governments, which optimize expenditures on public goods in such a way as to maximize the utility function of households within their jurisdiction. The latter are perfectly mobile between regions and consume private and public goods under budgetary constraints. The model is calibrated for a particular region, Khabarovsk Territory, and the rest of the nation. It is shown that a sharp increase in federal transfers to the regional budget leads to a significant inflow of labor resources to the region, but only to insignificant changes in the welfare, wages and per capita consumption of households. Regional government will change tax rates in such a way that a reduction in their spending will offset the increase in consumption of public goods through transfers. Several multipliers for key regional variables with respect to tax rate are calculated.
Agroindustrial Clustering as a Driver of the Activization of Breeding Work in Animal Husbandry
Authors: Aleshina E A , Anisimova E I , Serdobintsev D V
Published: April 2020

The current condition of breeding in animal farming in Russia and on the regional example the Saratov area was researched. The indicators of the development of pig breeding, meat and dairy cattle breeding are analyzed. Data on livestock scoring and the specific share of various breeds of pigs and cattle in households of all categories are presented. The main problems of the development of stock breeding were identified, among which: the destruction of a unified system of breeding work, the lack of specialized education in the regions, reduction of specialized research institutions, reduction in the number of breeding enterprises, etc. The organizational and economic structure of the livestock cluster, consisting of a production core (agricultural, processing and marketing enterprises) and serving satellites (supplying organizations of scientific, technical, educational, financial and credit and insurance sectors) is proposed. The need for the creation of regional reception centers for primary meat processing and the Center for Cluster Development was also identified. And the creation of a single Selection and Hybrid Center in the regions will allow to restore and systematize the breeding work in the agricultural enterprises participating in the cluster. The implementation of proposals for the organization of breeding in the regions on the basis of livestock clusters will solve a number of organizational and economic problems of increasing the competitiveness of the main animal breeds and the efficiency of livestock production.
Common Restrictions Checking for Heterogeneous Transportation Problem
Authors: Osechkina M , Osechkina T
Published: April 2020

Transportation costs optimization is very actual problem today because of logistic growth. In common case package type, origin and destination may impose restrictions on the delivery type and vehicle type for transporting. In some cases there may exist two packages, first of which can be delivered by first vehicle type and can’t be delivered by second vehicle type. Otherwise second package can be delivered by second vehicle type and can’t be delivered by first vehicle type. Or in some cases there are several vehicles types in fleet with different capacity and different size or different driver working time, so it is restriction for transport problem. We offer a heuristic algorithm for solving transport problems with heterogeneous vehicle fleet. The algorithm is based on the extension of Clark-Wright method, which is used to solve transport problem.
Target Orientation of Technological Modernization of the Arctic Industrial Companies
Authors: Zharov V , Tsukerman V , Zharov N
Published: April 2020

The territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is the most important source of raw materials for the country’s economy but for further efficient industrial exploitation of the Arctic resources for the enterprises operating there a significant increase of labor productivity is required due to the use of the latest equipment and production technology. This is hindered by the lack of a system of technological modernization targeting of enterprises. Modern economic theory of endogenous economic growth does not allow proceeding to the substantiation of the quantitative goals of the technological development of enterprises. Accordingly in practice many unrelated target indicators are used to assess the use of technological innovations. It is shown that an indicator reflecting the impact of scientific and technological progress on the economic efficiency of resources used by the enterprises - material, labor and physical capital in the form of fixed assets can be the “coefficient of production manufacturability level”. Its values are calculated at the macro, meso, and micro levels according to statistical reporting and achieved values at the best enterprises of the industry can be used as target values when introducing technological innovations at the enterprises. It is determined that the growth of the coefficient of production manufacturability level is directly related to the renewal of the active part of fixed assets and the growth of the efficiency of capital of enterprises leading to an increase of labor productivity. The direction of technological development of the enterprises which simultaneously increases material efficiency, efficiency of capital and labor productivity is shown.
Models and Software Tools for Assessing Efficiency of Industrial Company Production Activity in Connection with Digital Technology and Manufacturing Use
Authors: Lukina S , Korshunova E , Zimovets O , Dorozhkina O , Makarov V
Published: April 2020

The article considers models and software tools for assessing the efficiency of industrial company production activity in connection with digital technology and manufacturing use. The method allows assessing and comparing a whole set of permitted alternative options of innovative solutions on the introduction of digital technology and manufacturing at the stages of product life cycle and production development.

The method is based on a set of mathematical models used to form the tools for equipping manufacturing processes with digital technology and manufacturing components; forming a total of partial criteria to assess the efficiency of the company production activity as a result of digital technology and manufacturing introduction; searching for an optimal problem solution. In terms of the structure, the process of manufacturing re-equipment with digital technology and manufacturing use is presented in the form of the algorithm for the assessment of digital technology and manufacturing introduction efficiency within the already existing or being developed corporate information system consisting of nine stages.

The automation of the developed method is conducted with software tools MS Excel, MS Access, MS Project, C#. The method industrial approbation demonstrates its operation efficiency for solving various problems of the comparative assessment of innovative solutions at the design stages of a life cycle of items and manufacturings.
The Mechanism of Public-Private Partnerships as an Important Element of the Development of Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Nesmyslenov A P , Novikova S M , Serdobintsev D V
Published: April 2020

Stable development of agrarian production in arid climate conditions demands a large-scale integrated water management of land, that allows to provide high and stable yields of agricultural crops. Today, such a task is especially relevant in the arid regions of different countries of the world and Russia, where land reclamation is already actively developing in practice. To solve this socially significant task, the accurately organized interaction of the state and the private sector is required. An effective tool for the interaction of the state and private business in the production of agricultural products on irrigated lands is the Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) mechanism. PPP has already proved its effectiveness in solving many socio-economic problems in various countries of the world, and is actively developing in Russia. The modern mechanism PPP is able to compensate for the budget deficit and to solve especially important problems of irrigation amelioration development. PPP is an alternative to the privatization of vital, state-owned objects of strategic importance. The most effective form of public-private partnership to improve the efficiency of irrigated farming is determined based on the use of the BOO-Build, Own, Operate-construction-ownership-management model ensuring the private partner’s ownership of the facility during and after the agreement period.
Financing of Innovative Projects in the Forest Industry
Authors: Golovina E Yu , Dykusova A G
Published: April 2020

Over the past two decades, the Russian forest industry has faced many challenges. The combination of growing competition from imports, digitalization of the economy, competition from substitute materials, environmental problems and recent economic sanctions have led to a decrease in investment activity in the innovative development of the forest industry. The growing realization of the ecological properties of wood encourages governments and private enterprises to invest resources in research and development of innovative materials and products derived from this material[12]. Similarly, the desire for energy independence and concerns about climate change are driving the development of renewable energy. Woody biomass is a carbon-neutral energy source that can provide heat for district heating or be converted into biofuels by thermochemical or biochemical processes [20].

This article provides some examples of major innovations in the production and application of wood products. The author’s definition of “innovations in the timber industry” is presented. The most effective measures of state support of the industry are highlighted. The stimulating aspects of innovation development in the forest sector are defined. This study found that the implementation of programs of transformation and innovation stimulation of the Russian timber industry is possible only with the radical tools used by the state.
Evaluation of Recreational Potential of a Region for Drawing up Territorial Planning Schemes (Using the Example of Novosibirsk Oblast)
Authors: Ushakova E O , Dubrovsky A V , Moskvin V N , Vdovin S A
Published: April 2020

Under present-day conditions, the programs of regional and local socio-economic development include land use planning strategies for tourism development. Therefore, recreation zones along with land plots for recreational and tourist sites construction should be integrated into the territorial planning schemes. This is what makes the topic of this scientific research currently important and determines its practical relevance. The purpose of the study is to assess the recreational potential of municipal entities of Novosibirsk Oblast and to elaborate recommendations for drawing up the territorial planning schemes that could be used for recreation and tourism development in the region. The article discusses theoretical and practical issues of assessing the recreational potential of the area with a view to draw up territorial planning schemes. The issues of assessing the recreational potential to select certain strategic priorities for the socio-economic development at the regional and local level have not yet been properly investigated. When assessing the resource potential, there is the problem of choosing the estimation methods, criteria and indicators. The authors propose to use a comprehensive strategy to assessing the recreational potential of the area with a component-based and integral estimate of resources. When drawing up the territorial planning schemes, the quoted results of the recreational potential assessment of the municipal entities of Novosibirsk Oblast have made it possible to identify the most well-favored areas and provide recommendations on specific land use and composition of themed tourist maps. The strategy and results of the recreational potential assessment were used in the elaboration and rationalization of the tourism-dedicated section in the text of the Strategy of the Socio-Economic Development of Novosibirsk Oblast for the Period through to 2030. The findings are relevant for various government agencies, as well as for those interested in land use planning for recreation and tourism purposes.
Peculiarities of the Electricity Market in the Generation Sector
Authors: Efimov N K , Nogovitsyn R R
Published: April 2020

The reform of the power industry in Russia is not yet complete, but there are clear features for adjusting plans and directing efforts to create competitive markets.

This article discusses the sector of generation of electric energy, where healthy competition should develop according to all the rules of economics, but the existing technological features in the generation sector create conditions for the emergence of elements of monopoly and monopoly rent in the electricity market.
Hyper-Numerical Representation of the Pollution Propagation Process in the Territorial Technosphere
Authors: Baranov V A , Bezborodova O E , Bodin O N
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the specifics of the territorial technosphere, quantitative estimation of its conditions and the state of its subsystems (biosphere, society, technogenics) based on the parametric aggregate. The study subject is the process of the pollution propagation in the territorial technosphere. The study scope is a hyper-numerical representation of the pollution propagation. The study target is the substantiation of a hyper-numerical representation of the pollution propagation. The study results are the mathematical description and graphic illustration of the pollution propagation hyper-numerical representation. For the efficiency of the territorial technosphere condition estimation, it is proposed to “reduce” the most significant controlled parameters to a single complex indicator (integral indicator) in the form of a hyper-numeric representation on the example of the atmospheric pollution propagation process.
Improving the Risk Management System in Oil Production
Authors: Musina D R , Yangirov A V , Biryukova V V , Gareeva Z A , Nasyrova S I
Published: April 2020

The article describes an original approach to assessing the risks in investment projects of oil-and-gas companies and proposes an improved methodology for risk management in oil production, which accounts for the special nature of investment projects of oil producers. For each field development program, it is proposed to produce a risk evaluation map that would allow for the most unbiased assessment of risks to be faced by the company to let it focus the efforts on managing those risks typical for each project phase. The companies will be able to quantify the risks of the oil-and-gas field development project by the life cycle phases of an investment project.
Correction of the Water and Chemical Mode of Boilers Utilizers at Sharp Changes of a Boiler Water Quality, Including for Power Complexes on Recycling
Authors: Veselovskaya E , Bezuglov R , Papin V , Lysenko S
Published: April 2020

The results of a research of the water and chemical mode of boiler utilizers including determination of quality of saturated steam, nutritious and boiler water are given in article. Researches were conducted at the actual loadings and pressure and the average level of boiler water in a drum. The dependence of change of controlled indicators of quality of boiler water and saturated steam of a boiler utilizer on fluctuations of a purge size a copper and the set range of change level is established, and also dynamics of salinity of saturated steam depending on salinity of nutritious and boiler waters. We developed recommendations about control of additional indicators when carrying out chemical control at threat of various violations of the water and chemical mode. We gave an assessment of extent change a quality of boiler water when using on water treatment installations of membrane methods of desalting of initial waters. Also studied water and chemical modes can be used in units for recycling.
Application of the Technology of Hot Enamel in Design
Authors: Aslanova E S , Moiseeva E S
Published: April 2020

Enameling is a very ancient, well-known method of combining glass and metal, and at the same time it is a very young, rapidly developing and widely demanded type of art. This happened because with the development of science and, as a result, the improvement of enameling technology, the process became quite accessible and universal. The works made in the “durable” technology are becoming more wide-spread in the design of architecture, interior decoration and decorative applied art. The article gives the classification of enamels and the possibility of using various techniques in product design. The authors note role of enamels by Russian manufacturers in obtaining a spectrum of color combinations. The distinctive features of enameling techniques are revealed. Some types of defects while enameling, their causes and main ways of its elimination are discovered in the article.
Dependence of Hydraulic Fluid Added Mass in Hydromounts Throttle Channels on Controlling Magnetic Field
Authors: Gordeev B , Okhulkov S , Osmehin A , Titov D
Published: April 2020

The method of finding added mass of hydraulic magnetorheological fluid (MRF) in choking channels of magnetorheological transformer (MRT) of hydraulic vibration mount (hydromount) considering controlling magnetic field is presented in the article. Calculation of MRF added mass of Fluid MRF-132DG mark developed by LORD (USA) is given, filling the hydromount with MRT designed for damping impact loads. Hydromount with MRT has two controlled inductive slit choking channels in which MRF is excited by external magnetic field. MRF added mass unaffected by magnetic field was considered in this article.
Study of Crack Resistance of Polyethylene Composite Materials
Authors: Petukhova E S , Fedorov A L
Published: April 2020

The article presents the study of stress intensity factor of polyethylene composite materials containing different fillers. The coefficient of the crack resistance of the materials was considered as an indicator of the low-temperature properties of composites. It has been established that to improve the crack resistance of polyethylene, the use of plasticizers is effective, provided that the fiber is well wetted with a polymer melt.
Decomposition of Supersaturated Solid Solution in Fast-Quenched Al-Co-Zr and Al-Fe-Co-Zr Alloys
Authors: Mishenina I V , Barvinyuk N G
Published: April 2020

Aluminum-based alloys are the most popular structural materials. Strength and refractoriness can be improved by doping with transition metals; this effect can be amplified by fast quenching from liquid state, which will expand the solid-solution regions and disperse the intermediate phases in transition metal-aluminum alloys. The decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions (SSS) under special conditions releases the fine-dispersed hardening intermetallic phases, which boosts the strength of the alloy. The way fast-quenched Al-Co-Zr and Al-Fe-Co-Zr alloys change their microhardness after isothermic annealing at 470, 570, or 670 K indicates dispersion hardening. Durometer testing points to a considerable hardening of fast-quenched Al-Co-Zr and Al-Fe-Co-Zr alloys, which is caused by the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions. Staging the decomposition of Co, Zr, or Fe SSS in aluminum helps predict how the doping additives as well as the temperature and timing of subsequent thermal treatment affect the strength of aluminum alloys.
Experimental Study of Contact Heat Exchange between the Coke and Decaying Technological Material
Authors: Gordeeva I , Neshporenko E , Kartavtsev S
Published: April 2020

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the non-stationary process of contact heat transfer between hot coke and siderite ore. To conduct this study, an experimental installation of a cylindrical shape was built. As process of the material used siderite ore (FeMgCO3) sfericheskoi shape with a diameter of 20 mm. Based on the accepted diameters of siderite ore and coking coal was considered a uniform distribution of process material in the layer of coke, based on the determined quantitative ratio of 1:17. Heat exchange is carried out due to the temperature difference only between the hot spherical pieces of coke and cold spherical piece of ore. High-temperature experimental study of the contact heat transfer process allowed to determine such parameters as: the total heat transfer time, the cooling time of coke, the heating time of siderite ore in the coke layer of spherical shapes, the average mass temperature of coke cooling and heating of siderite ore.
Anticholinergic drugs and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pieper Nina T , Grossi Carlota M , Chan Wei-Yee , Loke Yoon K , Savva George M , Haroulis Clara , Steel Nicholas , Fox Chris , Maidment Ian D , Arthur Antony J , Myint Phyo K , Smith Toby O , Robinson Louise , Matthews Fiona E , Brayne Carol , Richardson Kathryn
Published: April 2020

Background

the long-term effect of the use of drugs with anticholinergic activity on cognitive function remains unclear.

Methods

we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive decline in the older population. We identified studies published between January 2002 and April 2018 with ≥12 weeks follow-up between strongly anticholinergic drug exposure and the study outcome measurement. We pooled adjusted odds ratios (OR) for studies reporting any, and at least short-term (90+ days) or long-term (365+ days) anticholinergic use for dementia and MCI outcomes, and standardised mean differences (SMD) in global cognition test scores for cognitive decline outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic and risk of bias using ROBINS-I.

Results

twenty-six studies (including 621,548 participants) met our inclusion criteria. ‘Any’ anticholinergic use was associated with incident dementia (OR 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.32, I2 = 86%). Short-term and long-term use were also associated with incident dementia (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17–1.29, I2 = 2%; and OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.85, I2 = 90%). ‘Any’ anticholinergic use was associated with cognitive decline (SMD 0.15; 95% CI 0.09–0.21, I2 = 3%) but showed no statistically significant difference for MCI (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.97–1.59, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

anticholinergic drug use is associated with increased dementia incidence and cognitive decline in observational studies. However, a causal link cannot yet be inferred, as studies were observational with considerable risk of bias. Stronger evidence from high-quality studies is needed to guide the management of long-term use.
Regulation of senescence-associated protease genes by sulphur availability according to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenological stage
Authors: Veliz Cintia G , Criado Maria Victoria , Galotta María Florencia , Roberts Irma N , Caputo Carla
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims

Proteases are responsible for protein degradation during leaf senescence, allowing nutrients to be redirected to sink tissues. In a previous work, we reported that sulphur deficiency produced a delay in the leaf senescence of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants, at both vegetative and reproductive stages. In this work, we analyse the effect of sulphur deficiency on the expression of several genes coding for proteases of different catalytic groups, which have been strongly associated with leaf senescence.

Methods

Four independent experiments were performed in order to impose low sulphur availability conditions: one of steady-state sulphur deficiency during the vegetative stage and three of sulphur starvation during vegetative and reproductive stages.

Key Results

Sulphur deficiency inhibited or reduced the senescence-associated induction of seven of the eight proteases analysed. Their induction, as well as senescence and phloem amino acid remobilization, could be achieved with senescence inducers such as methyl-jasmonate (a hormonal stimulus) and darkness, but with different rates of induction dependent on each gene. Sulphur deficiency also exerted an opposite effect on the expression of two cysteine-protease genes (HvSAG12 and HvLEGU) as well as on one serine-protease gene (HvSUBT) according to leaf age and plant phenological stages. All three genes were induced in green leaves but were repressed in senescent leaves of sulphur-deficient plants at the vegetative stage. At the reproductive stage, both cysteine-proteases were only repressed in senescent leaves, while the serine-protease was induced in green and senescent leaves by sulphur deficiency.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the relevance of adequate sulphur nutrition in order to ensure leaf senescence onset and induction of protease genes, which will consequently impact on grain protein composition and quality. In addition, our results provide evidence that leaf age, plant developmental stage and the nature of the stress modulate the sulphur responses.