bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of VOCs removal using a novel double‐tube packed bed catalytic dielectric barrier discharge (DPDBD) reactor
Authors: Cao Senwu , Tang Yihong , Jiang Jingxian , Zhang Hongbo
Published: December 2023

We developed a novel double‐tube packed bed catalytic dielectric barrier discharge (DPDBD) reactor to degrade toluene. The DPDBD reactor contains four discharge cells with one power supply, namely, A–D. NiO/γ‐Al2O3 is packed in cell A to effectively destroy the branched chains in toluene. TiO2/γ‐Al2O3 is packed in cell B owing to its high catalytic oxidation activity to weaken the benzene rings and mineralize the generated partial aromatic compounds. Cell C is a pure DBD process without any catalyst packed to thoroughly mineralize all the generated aromatic compounds and convert CO into CO2 and NO into NO2. γ‐Al2O3 is packed in cell D to reduce the concentrations of byproducts, including O3 and NO generated by air through oxidation. The combinations of the four discharge cells are optimized by the treatment of −3000 mg m−3 of toluene at 11 kV. In comparison with a double‐tube dielectric barrier discharge (DDBD) reactor without catalyst packing and with a total discharge length of 6 cm, the selectivity of CO2 was significantly improved from 45% to 57% when the discharge lengths of A, B, C, and D are 2, 4, 4, and 2 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of O3 and NO in the outlet can also be effectively reduced from 2.80 and 210 mg m−3 to 1.30 and 60 mg m−3, respectively. We also investigated the effects of applied voltage and styrene initial concentration.
Determination of Ground State Structures of Snx− (x=21–35) Clusters
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Chaoyong , Guo Junji , Zhao Jun , Liu Le , Chen Jiaye , Liu Zhiqing , Wang Yarui
Published: December 2023

In this work, an unbiased global search with a homemade genetic algorithm was performed to investigate the structural evolution and electronic properties of Snx− (x=21–35) clusters with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. All the ground‐state structures for all these Snx− (x=21–35) clusters have been confirmed by the comparison of the experimental and simulated photoelectron spectra (PESs). It has been revealed that all Snx− (x=21–35) clusters are tricapped trigonal prism (TTP)‐based structures consisting of two (for sizes x=21–28) or three (for x=29–35) TTP units, with the remaining atoms adsorbed on the surface or inserted between TTP units. The gradually decreasing HOMO‐LUMO gaps indicate that these clusters are undergoing semiconductor‐to‐metal transformation. The average binding energies show that the structural stabilities of Snx− clusters are not as good as that of silicon and germanium clusters. It found that sizes x=23, 25, 29, 33 show high relative stability.
Computational Modelling and Mechanistic Insight into Light‐Driven CO Dissociation of Square‐Planar Rhodium(I) Complexes
Authors: Huang Tianbai , Kupfer Stephan , Geitner Robert , Gräfe Stefanie
Published: December 2023

The activation step of Vaska‐type Rh(I) complexes, such as the photocleavage of the Rh−CO bond, plays an important role in the subsequent C−H activation. To elucidate the details of the photochemistry of Vaska‐type Rh(I) complexes, such as trans‐Rh(PMe3)2(CO)(Cl), we here present a computationally derived picture as obtained at the density functional level of theory in combination with multireference wavefunction‐based methods. We have identified that the photocleavage of CO proceeds via the metal‐centered excited state (3MC,
), which is populated through intersystem crossing from the dipole‐allowed excited state S1(
‐
). Moreover, the present study unraveled the reasons for the low C−H activation efficiency when using Rh featuring the bidentate ligand 1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe), namely due to its unfavorable photochemical properties, i. e., the small driving force for light‐induced CO loss and the fast deactivation of 3MC state back to the singlet ground state. In this study, we provide theoretical insight into mechanistic details underlying the light‐induced CO dissociation process, for Rh complexes featuring PMe3 and dmpe ligands.
Structural, Electronic, and Mechanical Properties of Ag‐Cu‐Ga Intermetallic Compounds: First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Xu Jielai , Liu Manmen , Zhou Xiaolong
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the mechanical properties, electronic structures, and thermodynamic properties of Ag2Ga and CuGa2 under pressure are studied using the first‐principles method based on Density functional theory (DFT). With the increase in pressure, the equilibrium lattice constants (a/a0 and c/c0) and volume ratio (V/V0) of Ag2Ga and CuGa2 continuously decrease. The elastic constants show that Ag2Ga and CuGa2 are mechanically stable under pressures of 0–20 GPa, and the increase in pressure improves their deformation resistance. The results of Young's modulus (E) show that the hardness of CuGa2 is higher than that of Ag2Ga. The results of Cauchy pressure (C12 ‐ C44) and B/G ratio show that the plasticity of Ag2Ga and CuGa2 can be maintained with the increase in pressure. By analyzing the density of states (DOS), charge density difference (CDD), and population, the influence of pressure on electronic structure is studied. The calculated Debye temperature (θD) shows that the covalent bond of CuGa2 is stronger.
Adaptability enhancement of fractional‐order LLCL‐type grid‐connected inverter to weak grid based on grid voltage weighted feedforward scheme
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Zhuang Ruidong , Yang Ru , Hu Wei , Zou Tao
Published: December 2023

Grid‐connected inverter with a novel fractional‐order LLCL filter has the advantage of high grid current tracking accuracy and low total harmonic distortion without passive or active dampers, and the grid voltage full feedforward scheme is an effective method to improve the quality of grid current. However, due to the digital control delay, the suppression of the grid current harmonics is weakened, and the inverter output impedance has an additional negative phase shift, which deteriorates the stability of grid‐connected systems under weak grid. In this paper, a weighted grid voltage fractional‐order feedforward control scheme is proposed based on a quasi‐proportional resonant (QPR) controller, which introduces two weighting factors in the full feedforward path of the grid voltage and compensates the phase lag of the output impedance by designing appropriate weighting factors. Then, an improved scheme combining the QPR controller with a phase compensator is presented. As a result, the suppression ability of grid current harmonics and the adaptability to grid impedance variations are enhanced. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed grid voltage fractional‐order weighted feedforward scheme.
The voltage feedforward based pulse width modulation strategy under the fluctuated dc‐link voltage for a unidirectional five‐level ac motor drive system with open‐end winding connection
Authors: Cheng Hong , Zhao Zhihao , Wang Cong , Yuan Wei , Hao Junhao , Li Xin
Published: December 2023

In a unidirectional five‐level ac motor drive system with open‐end winding connection, because of the variation of operating frequency of ac motor, the instantaneous power fluctuation of rectifier stage and inverter stage will generate larger voltage ripple on each phase dc‐link capacitors, and further lead to a large amount of current harmonics in output currents of inverter. To cope with this problem, an improved space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy based on dc‐link voltage feedforward is proposed. In this paper, the effects of zero sequence current harmonics caused by dc‐link voltage ripple on ac motor are firstly analyzed, including the stator winding flux linkage equation, voltage equation, and electromagnetic torque. Then, the generating mechanism of dc‐link voltage ripple and the current harmonics are discussed in detail in terms of instantaneous power fluctuation of each single‐phase converter. Based on this, an improved SVPWM strategy by modifying the modulation signal is proposed to suppress the generation of current harmonics. Finally, a 2.2 kW prototype experimental results are given, which verify the feasibility and advancement of the proposed modulation strategy.
USP7 promotes non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell glycolysis and survival by stabilizing and activating c‐Abl
Authors: He Yuanming , Jiang Shuoyi , Zhong Yueya , Wang Xiaoge , Cui Yaoli , Liang Jingpei , Sun Yuening , Zhu Zhigang , Huang Zhenqian , Mao Xinliang
Published: December 2023

Background

Abelson tyrosine kinase (c‐Abl) is frequently mutated and highly expressed, and promotes non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival, metastasis and tumorigenesis. c‐Abl could also be modified through ubiquitination, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood.

Methods

Mass spectrometry assays were performed to search c‐Abl deubiquitination enzymes. The molecular mechanism was determined using Co‐IP assays, pull‐down assays, Western blotting upon gene knockdown or overexpression. Cell lines and animal models were used to investigate the role of c‐Abl and USP7 in NSCLC. EdU staining assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation and migration ability of NSCLC cells, respectively.

Results

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) is found to upregulate c‐Abl via the deubiquitinase screen. USP7 interacts with c‐Abl and decreases its K48‐linked polyubiquitination, thereby increasing the stability of c‐Abl. In addition to the wild‐type one, c‐Abl mutants can also be deubiquitinated and stabilized by USP7. Moreover, USP7 promotes c‐Abl accumulation in cytoplasm by increasing its binding to 14‐3‐3α/β and activates the oncogenic c‐Abl signalling pathway. Furthermore, the USP7/c‐Abl axis promotes NSCLC cell glycolysis by direct phosphorylating and stabilizing hexokinase‐2 (HK2). Knockdown of USP7 or c‐Abl suppresses NSCLC cell glycolysis and reduces lactate production. Further studies revealed that overexpression of USP7 facilitates NSCLC cell growth and metastasis as well as xenograft growth in nude mice, while these activities are suppressed with USP7 or c‐Abl being knocked down.

Conclusions

USP7 is a deubiquitinase of c‐Abl and upregulates its oncogenic activity. USP7 promotes NSCLC cell metabolism by activating c‐Abl and HK2. Targeting the USP7/c‐Abl/HK2 axis might be a potential strategy to the precision therapy of NSCLC.
Pathologically diagnosed early‐stage gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation after endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report
Authors: Iwata Hiroki , Maeda Hidehito , Tsuneyoshi Kengo , Matsumoto Takuma , Fujita Hiroshi , Komohara Yoshihiro , Ido Akio
Published: December 2023

A 77‐year‐old male patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at his family doctor, and an easily hemorrhagic depressed lesion was noted near the anterior wall of the gastric antrum. A biopsy revealed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma > poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the patient was referred to our department for further examination. A 15‐mm 0–IIc lesion is seen near the anterior wall of the gastric antrum and narrow band imaging magnifying endoscopy revealed obscured glandular duct structures and corkscrew pattern vascular structures. We diagnosed the patient with early‐stage gastric cancer [L, Ant, 15mm, cType0‐IIc, cT1(M‐SM1), cN0, cM0, cStage IA] after an esopahogastroduodenoscopy examination at our hospital, and endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Histopathological images with hematoxylin and eosin staining showed tumor cells with pale cytoplasm and the immunostaining for alpha‐fetoprotein, sal‐like protein 4, and Glypican3 was positive. The patient was pathologically diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation, pT1b1 (SM, 0.4 mm), type 0–IIc, 15 mm, UL (‐), Ly0, and V0. Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation is one of the representative histological types of alpah‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric cancer. Alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric cancer is infrequent, accounting for at least 3% of all gastric cancers, and is generally highly malignant. Most cases are already advanced upon diagnosis, and finding them in the early stage is rare. Therefore, pathological findings that may indicate the gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation should be noted even in early gastric cancer.
Comparing family‐based treatment with inpatient treatment in youth with anorexia nervosa eligible for hospitalization: A 12‐month feasibility study
Authors: Haas Verena , Wechsung Katja , Kaiser Vivien , Schmidt Janine , Raile Klemens , Busjahn Andreas , Le Grange Daniel , Correll Christoph U.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Family‐based treatment (FBT) for youth with anorexia nervosa (AN), has not been compared to inpatient, multimodal treatment (IMT).

Method

Prospective, non‐randomized pilot feasibility study of adolescents with AN receiving FBT (n = 31), and as a reference point for exploratory outcome comparisons IMT (n = 31), matched for baseline age and percent median BMI (%mBMI). Feasibility of FBT in youth fulfilling criteria for IMT was assessed via study recruitment and retention rates; acceptability via drop‐out and caregiver strain; safety via adverse events; preliminary treatment effectiveness between groups was assessed via a change in %mBMI, AN psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, EDE‐Q), and hospital days, over 12 months with intent‐to‐treat, mixed models repeated measures analyses covering post‐intervention usual care until 12 months.

Results

Taking into account that 8 FBT patients (25.8%) crossed over to IMT due to lack of weight gain or psychiatric concerns, FBT and IMT were similarly feasible, acceptable, and safe, apart from more physical antagonism toward others in FBT (p = .010). FBT lasted longer (median [interquartile range, IQR]; 33.6 [17.4, 49.9] vs. 17.3 [14.4, 24] weeks, p < .001), but required fewer hospital days than IMT (median, [IQR], FBT = 1 [0, 16] vs. IMT = 123 [101, 180], p < .001). Baseline comorbidity‐adjusted changes over 12 months did not differ between groups in %mBMI (FBT = 12.6 ± 11.9 vs. IMT = 13.7 ± 9.1; p = .702) and EDE‐Q global score (median, [IQR]; FBT = −1.2 [−2.3, 0.2] vs. IMT = −1.3 [−2.8, −0.4]; p = .733).

Discussion

Implementing FBT in this pilot study was feasible, acceptable, and safe for youth eligible for IMT according to German S3 guidelines. Non‐inferiority of FBT versus IMT requires confirmation in a sufficiently large multicenter RCT.

Public Significance

This pilot study with 62 adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa demonstrated that for 2/3rd of patients eligible for a long hospitalization in the German health care system, outpatient, Family‐based treatment (FBT) was a safe and feasible treatment alternative. Over 12 months, FBT lead to similar weight gain and reduction in eating disorder cognitions as inpatient treatment with fewer hospital days. This pilot study needs to be followed up by a larger, multicenter trial.
Partial and asymmetrical reproductive isolation between two sympatric tropical shrub species: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and C. souzae (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Munguía‐Rosas Miguel A. , Parra‐Tabla Víctor , Rodríguez‐Domínguez José M.
Published: December 2023

Reproductive isolation is conferred by several barriers that occur at different stages of reproduction. Comprehensive reviews on the topic have identified that barriers occurring prior to zygote formation are often stronger than those that occur afterward. However, the overrepresentation of temperate perennial herbs in the current literature precludes any generalization of this pattern to plants that present other life forms and patterns of distribution. Here, we assessed reproductive isolation barriers and their absolute contribution to reproductive isolation and asymmetry in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and C. souzae, two closely related tropical shrub species that co‐occur on the Yucatan peninsula. The reproductive barriers assessed were phenological mismatch, pollinator differentiation, pollen–pistil incompatibility (three pre‐zygotic barriers), fruit set failure, and seed unviability (post‐zygotic barriers). Reproductive isolation between the study species was found to be complete in the direction C. aconitifolius to C. souzae, but only partial in the opposite direction. One post‐zygotic barrier was the strongest example. Most barriers, particularly the pre‐zygotic examples, were asymmetrical and predicted the direction of heterospecific pollen flow and hybrid formation from C. souzae to C. aconitifolius. Both parental species, as well as the hybrids, were diploid and had a chromosome number 2n = 36. More studies with tropical woody perennials are required to fully determine whether this group of plants consistently shows stronger post‐zygotic barriers.
A pilot study of S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 in dilated cardiomyopathy: novel biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis?
Authors: Yu Ying , Shi Hui , Wang Yucheng , Yu Yong , Chen Ruizhen
Published: December 2023

Aims

Circulating biomarkers can provide important information for the diagnosis and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We explored novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of DCM to improve clinical decision‐making.

Methods and results

A total of 238 DCM patients and 65 control were consecutively enrolled at Zhongshan Hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. In the screening set, four DCM patients and four controls underwent measurements of serum proteomic analysis. Seventy‐six differentially expressed circulating proteins were screened by data‐independent acquisition proteomics, and three of these proteins (S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12) were validated by multiple‐reaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry. In the validation set, subsequently, a total of 234 DCM patients and 61 control subjects were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 were significantly increased in DCM patients (P < 0.001). These three proteins were significant positively correlated with other parameters, such as Lg (NT‐proBNP), IL‐1β, TGF‐β, CRP, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, and left ventricular end‐systolic diameter, whereas they were negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, respectively (P < 0.05). The receiver operator characteristic curve showed the combination of S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 [area under curve (AUC) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.93] was better than single S100A4 (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.81), S100A8/A9 (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.88), or S100A12 (AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.72–0.88) in the diagnosis of DCM (P < 0.01). After a median follow‐up period of 33.5 months, 110 patients (47.01%) experienced major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including 46 who had cardiac deaths and 64 who had heart failure rehospitalizations. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the DCM patients with ≥75th percentile level of S100A4 had a significantly higher incidence of MACEs than those with <75th percentile level of S100A4 (61.40% vs. 42.37%, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of MACE rate among DCM patients with different concentrations of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 (P > 0.05). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that S100A4 [≥75th percentile vs. <75th percentile: hazard ratio (HR) 1.65; 95% CI 1.11–2.45] remained significant independent predictors for MACEs (P < 0.05); however, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were not independent factors for predicting MACE (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions

S100A4, S100A8/A9, and S100A12 may be additional diagnostic tools for human DCM recognition, and the combination of these three indicators helped to improve the accuracy of a single index to diagnose DCM. Additionally, S100A4 was identified as a significant predictor of prognosis in patients with DCM.
Successive β‐Glycosylations of Tiacumicinone: Formal Total Synthesis of Tiacumicin B and Access to a d‐Mannoside Analog
Authors: Messé Estelle , Labrunie Antoine , Servajean Vincent , Rubéru Caroline , Jeanne‐Julien Louis , Gallard Jean‐François , Steinmetz Vincent , Roulland Emmanuel , Norsikian Stéphanie
Published: December 2023

A formal total synthesis of the natural macrolide antibiotic tiacumicin B is described featuring successive and selective glycosylations of tiacumicinone. The challenging β‐facial selectivity of these key glycosylation steps was achieved by using noviosyl or rhamnosyl donors equipped with a phenyl sulfoxide leaving group and a 3‐O‐picoloyl group ensuring an efficient remote stereodirecting effect. Compared with our former total synthesis, this strategy enables us to save steps and gain access to new analogs. This was demonstrated by the replacement of the rhamnosidic moiety by a d‐mannose derivative.
Total least squares bias in climate fingerprinting regressions with heterogeneous noise variances and correlated explanatory variables
Authors: McKitrick Ross
Published: December 2023

Regression‐based “fingerprinting” methods in climate science employ total least squares (TLS) or orthogonal regression to remedy attenuation bias arising from measurement error due to reliance on climate model‐generated explanatory variables. Proving the consistency of multivariate TLS requires assuming noise variances are equal across all variables in the model. This assumption has been challenged empirically in the climate context but little is known about TLS biases when the assumption is violated. Monte Carlo analysis is used herein to examine coefficient biases when the noise variances are not equal. The analysis allows the explanatory variables to be negatively correlated which is typical in climate applications. Ordinary least squares (OLS) exhibits the expected attenuation bias which vanishes as the noise variances on the explanatory variables disappear. In some cases, TLS corrects attenuation bias but more typically imparts large and generally positive biases. OLS performs well when the true value of whereas TLS performs quite poorly. This implies that TLS is not well suited for tests of the null. When TLS tends to exhibit opposite biases to OLS. Diagnostic information specific to each data sample should be consulted before using TLS to avoid spurious inferences and replacing OLS attenuation bias with other, potentially larger biases.
More trust or more risk? User acceptance of artificial intelligence virtual assistant
Authors: Xiong Yiwei , Shi Yan , Pu Quanlin , Liu Na
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) virtual assistants are rapidly growing, permeating people's daily lives and work. However, some trust and risk issues prevent the acceptance and use of AI virtual assistants by users. Thus, understanding the roles of trust and perceived risk in user acceptance of AI virtual assistants is crucial. This study develops a comprehensive research model based on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to explain user acceptance of AI virtual assistants. This model extends UTAUT by adding users' perception of trust and risk. The research model and hypotheses are validated through structural equation modeling with a sample of 926 AI virtual assistant users. Results show that gender is significantly related to behavioral intention to use, education is positively related to trust and behavioral intention to use, and usage experience is positively related to attitude toward using. UTAUT variables, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, are positively related to behavioral intention to use AI virtual assistant. Trust and perceived risk respectively have positive and negative effects on attitude toward using and behavioral intention to use AI virtual assistants. Trust and perceived risk play equally important roles in explaining user acceptance of AI virtual assistants. Theoretical and practical implications of the current AI virtual assistant acceptance model and directions for future research are discussed.
Modeling of local and systemic exposure to metals and metalloids after inhalation exposure: Recommended update to the USEPA metals framework
Authors: Boreiko Craig J.
Published: December 2023

The USEPA issued the “Framework for Metal Risk Assessment” in 2007, recognizing that human and environmental exposure to metals and metalloids (MMEs) poses challenges risk assessment. Inhalation of aerosols containing MMEs is a primary pathway for exposure in the occupational setting, for consumer exposure, and to general population exposure associated with point-source emissions or ambient sources. The impacts of inhalation can be at the point of deposition (local exposure) or may manifest after uptake into the body (systemic exposure). Both local and systemic exposure can vary with factors that determine the regional deposition of MME-containing aerosols. Aerosol characteristics such as particle size combine with species-specific characteristics of airway morphology and lung function to modulate the deposition and clearance of MME particulates. In contrast to oral exposure, often monitored by measuring MME levels in blood or urine, inhalation exposure can produce local pulmonary impacts in the absence of significant systemic distribution. Exposure assessment for nutritionally essential MMEs can be further complicated by homeostatic controls that regulate systemic MME levels. Predictions of local exposure can be facilitated by computer models that estimate regional patterns of aerosol deposition, permitting calculation of exposure intensity in different regions of the respiratory tract. The utility of deposition modeling has been demonstrated in assessments of nutritionally essential MMEs regulated by homeostatic controls and in the comparison of results from inhalation studies in experimental animals. This facilitates extrapolation from animal data to humans and comparisons of exposures possessing mechanistic linkages to pulmonary toxicity and carcinogenesis. Pulmonary deposition models have significantly advanced and have been applied by USEPA in evaluations of particulate matter. However, regional deposition modeling has yet to be incorporated into the general guidance offered by the agency for evaluating inhalation exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:952–964. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

The USEPA is urged to promote the application of models for regional deposition in assessing impacts of inhalation exposure to metal and metalloid particulate matter. The local and systemic impacts of inhaled metals and metalloids are determined by patterns of regional deposition in the respiratory tract.
An efficient convolutional histogram‐oriented gradients and deep convolutional learning approach for accurate classification of bone cancer
Authors: Vijayaraj J. , Abirami B. , Mohanty Sachi Nandan , Kavitha V. P.
Published: December 2023

In our human body bones are the most significant part, which helps people to move and perform several activities. But, the cancer is caused by producing abnormal cell, which is rapidly spread to the whole parts of the body. Bone cancer is one of the critical types due to its malignancy more than other cancers. The approach involves preprocessing and segmentation of input images to remove noise and resize images, followed by feature extraction using a Convolutional histogram of oriented gradients (ConvHisOrGrad). The ROI extraction helps to accurately identify abnormal parts around the cancerous area. The Extreme Deep Convolutional learning machine (Ex‐ConVLM) is used for normal and cancerous bone classification based on the texture properties of bone MRI images. The proposed technique was evaluated using a dataset of 220 bone MRIs for tumor classes classified as necrotic, non‐tumor, and viable‐tumor. Results showed that the proposed technique outperformed existing techniques with the highest accuracy of 97% for the necrotic tumor class, 98.2% for the non‐tumor class, and 98.6% for the viable tumor class. The fine‐tuned model shows promising performance in detecting malignancy in bone based on histological images. In summary, the proposed technique utilizes deep learning architectures and ROI extraction for the accurate identification of abnormal parts in bone MRI images, achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance in the detection and categorization of bone cancers.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution on lung injury in rats with traumatic hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Wang Zhenjie , Xu Shugen , Qiu Zhaolei , Zheng Chuanming , Cheng Feng , Li Lei , Xu Zhipeng , Song Qi , Zhang Fulong
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the impact of different pH values of resuscitation fluid on traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), focusing on their effects on glycocalyx and inflammation. A rat model of THS was induced by hemorrhage from a left femur fracture, while an oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)‐induced HULEC‐5a cell model was considered as an in vitro THS model. The lung tissue pathology and glycocalyx structure were assessed through hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscope examination. The levels of glycocalyx‐related factors and inflammation‐related factors were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of glycocalyx‐related proteins, cell junction‐related proteins, and proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot. The results showed that both sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BRS) and lactate Ringer's solution (LRS) were effective in restoring mean arterial pressure and heart rate in THS rats. However, LRS has a stronger impact on promoting inflammation and damaging the glycocalyx compared with BRS. In OGD/R‐induced HULEC‐5a cells, a pH of 7.4 and 6.5 increased inflammation and disrupted the glycocalyx, while a pH of 8.1 had no significant effect on inflammation or glycocalyx. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was activated by fluid resuscitation and different pH values. However, the activating effect of BRS and pH 8.1 on the PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway was milder compared with LRS and pH6.5. In conclusion, an alkaline recovery environment was more beneficial for the treatment of THS.
Curcumin‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles confer neuroprotection against ketamine‐induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Mobinhosseini Fatemeh , Salehirad Mahsa , Wallace Hayes A. , Motaghinejad Majid , Hekmati Malak , Safari Sepideh , Gholami Mina
Published: December 2023

Background

Nanotechnology and its application to manipulate herbal compounds to design new neuroprotective agents to manage neurotoxicity has recently increased. Cur‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were synthesized and used in an experimental model of ketamine–induced neurotoxicity.

Methods

Cur‐ZnO conjugated nanoparticles were chemically characterized, and the average crystalline size was determined. Forty‐nine adult mice were divided into seven groups of seven animals each. Normal saline was given to control mice (group 1). Ketamine (25 mg/kg) was given to a second group. A third group of mice was given ketamine (25 mg/kg) in combination with curcumin (40 mg/kg), while mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 received ketamine (25 mg/kg) plus Cur‐ZnO nanoparticles (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg). Group 7 received only ZnO (5 mg/kg). All doses were ip for 14 days. Hippocampal mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic characteristics were assessed.

Results

Cur‐ZnO nanoparticles and curcumin decreased lipid peroxidation, GSSG content, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and Bax levels while increasing GSH and antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GR, and SOD while increasing Bcl‐2 level and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in ketamine treatment groups.

Conclusion

The neuroprotective properties of Cur‐ZnO nanoparticles were efficient in preventing ketamine‐induced neurotoxicity in the mouse brain. The nanoparticle form of curcumin (Cur‐ZnO) required lower doses to produce neuroprotective effects against ketamine‐induced toxicity than conventional curcumin.
Training machine learning potentials for reactive systems: A Colab tutorial on basic models
Authors: Pan Xiaoliang , Snyder Ryan , Wang Jia‐Ning , Lander Chance , Wickizer Carly , Van Richard , Chesney Andrew , Xue Yuanfei , Mao Yuezhi , Mei Ye , Pu Jingzhi , Shao Yihan
Published: December 2023

In the last several years, there has been a surge in the development of machine learning potential (MLP) models for describing molecular systems. We are interested in a particular area of this field — the training of system‐specific MLPs for reactive systems — with the goal of using these MLPs to accelerate free energy simulations of chemical and enzyme reactions. To help new members in our labs become familiar with the basic techniques, we have put together a self‐guided Colab tutorial (https://cc-ats.github.io/mlp_tutorial/), which we expect to be also useful to other young researchers in the community. Our tutorial begins with the introduction of simple feedforward neural network (FNN) and kernel‐based (using Gaussian process regression, GPR) models by fitting the two‐dimensional Müller‐Brown potential. Subsequently, two simple descriptors are presented for extracting features of molecular systems: symmetry functions (including the ANI variant) and embedding neural networks (such as DeepPot‐SE). Lastly, these features will be fed into FNN and GPR models to reproduce the energies and forces for the molecular configurations in a Claisen rearrangement reaction.
Proteomic comparison between non‐purified cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid‐derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lewy body dementia
Authors: Hirschberg Yael , Valle‐Tamayo Natalia , Dols‐Icardo Oriol , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Buelens Bart , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Vermeiren Yannick , Boonen Kurt , Mertens Inge
Published: December 2023

Dementia is a leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence as global life expectancy increases. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). With this study, we took an in‐depth look at the proteome of the (non‐purified) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the CSF‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of AD, PD, PD‐MCI (Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment), PDD and DLB patients analysed by label‐free mass spectrometry. This has led to the discovery of differentially expressed proteins that may be helpful for differential diagnosis. We observed a greater number of differentially expressed proteins in CSF‐derived EV samples (N = 276) compared to non‐purified CSF (N = 169), with minimal overlap between both datasets. This finding suggests that CSF‐derived EV samples may be more suitable for the discovery phase of a biomarker study, due to the removal of more abundant proteins, resulting in a narrower dynamic range. As disease‐specific markers, we selected a total of 39 biomarker candidates identified in non‐purified CSF, and 37 biomarker candidates across the different diseases under investigation in the CSF‐derived EV data. After further exploration and validation of these proteins, they can be used to further differentiate between the included dementias and may offer new avenues for research into more disease‐specific pharmacological therapeutics.
Multiomic integration reveals neuronal‐extracellular vesicle coordination of gliotic responses in degeneration
Authors: Cioanca Adrian V. , Wooff Yvette , Aggio‐Bruce Riemke , Sekar Rakshanya , Dietrich Catherine , Natoli Riccardo
Published: December 2023

In the central nervous system (CNS), including in the retina, neuronal‐to‐glial communication is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis including signal transmission, transfer of trophic factors, and in the modulation of inflammation. Extracellular vesicle (EV)‐mediated transport of molecular messages to regulate these processes has been suggested as a mechanism by which bidirectional communication between neuronal and glial cells can occur. In this work we employed multiomics integration to investigate the role of EV communication pathways from neurons to glial cells within the CNS, using the mouse retina as a readily accessible representative CNS tissue. Further, using a well‐established model of degeneration, we aimed to uncover how dysregulation of homeostatic messaging between neurons and glia via EV can result in retinal and neurodegenerative diseases. EV proteomics, glia microRNA (miRNA) Open Array and small RNA sequencing, and retinal single cell sequencing were performed, with datasets integrated and analysed computationally. Results demonstrated that exogenous transfer of neuronal miRNA to glial cells was mediated by EV and occurred as a targeted response during degeneration to modulate gliotic inflammation. Taken together, our results support a model of neuronal‐to‐glial communication via EV, which could be harnessed for therapeutic targeting to slow the progression of retinal‐, and neuro‐degenerations of the CNS.
Tyrosine hydroxylase variants influence protein expression, cellular localization, stability, enzymatic activity and the physical interaction between tyrosine hydroxylase and GTP cyclohydrolase 1
Authors: Jung‐Klawitter Sabine , Richter Petra , Yuan Yuheng , Welzel Karin , Kube Marie , Bähr Stella , Leibner Alexander , Flory Egbert , Opladen Thomas
Published: December 2023

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate‐limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis catalyzing the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)—dependent hydroxylation of tyrosine to L‐DOPA. Here, we analyzed 25 TH variants associated with various degrees of dopa‐responsive dystonia and evaluate the effect of each variant on protein stability, activity and cellular localization. Furthermore, we investigated the physical interaction between TH and human wildtype (wt) GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH) and the effect of variants on this interaction. Our in vitro results classify variants according to their resistance to proteinase K digestion into three groups (stable, intermediate, unstable). Based on their cellular localization, two groups of variants can be identified, variant group one with cytoplasmic distribution and variant group two forming aggregates. These aggregates do not correlate with loss of enzymatic activity but nevertheless might be a good target for molecular chaperones. Unfortunately, no obvious correlation between the half‐life of a variant and its enzymatic activity or between solubility, stability and enzymatic activity of a given variant could be found. Excitingly, some variants disrupt the physical interaction between TH and human wildtype GTPCH, thereby interfering with enzymatic activity and offering new druggable targets for therapy. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of an in‐depth molecular analysis of each variant in order to be able to classify groups of disease variants and to find specific therapies for each subgroup. Stand‐alone in silico analyses predict less precise the effect of specific variants and should be combined with other in vitro analyses in cellular model systems.
Characteristics of high‐risk HPV infection in women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in Beijing, China
Authors: Ye Yanqing , Li Mingxia , Yang Wen , Xu Jia , Wang Xueqi , Ma Yaqi , Wu Di , Meng Yuanguang
Published: December 2023

We evaluated the characteristics of high‐risk human papillomavirus (Hr‐HPV) infection in different grades of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). 7469 participants were involved in this study, of which 601 were diagnosed with VaIN, including single vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (s‐VaIN, n = 369) and VaIN+CIN (n = 232), 3414 with single cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (s‐CIN), 3446 with cervicitis or vaginitis and 8 with vaginal cancer. We got those results. First, the most popular HPV genotypes in VaIN were HPV16, 52, 58, 51, and 56. Second, our study showed that higher parity and older age were risk factors for VaIN3 (p < 0.005). Third, the median Hr‐HPV load of VaIN+CIN (725) was higher than that of s‐CIN (258) (p = 0.027), and the median Hr‐HPV load increased with the grade of VaIN. In addition, the risk of VaIN3 was higher in women with single HPV16 infections (p = 0.01), but those with multiple HPV16 infections faced a higher risk of s‐VaIN (p = 0.003) or VaIN+CIN (p = 0.01). Our results suggested that women with higher gravidity and parity, higher Hr‐HPV load, multiple HPV16 infections, and perimenopause or menopause status faced a higher risk for VaIN, while those with higher parity, single HPV16 infections, and menopause status are more prone to VaIN3.
Resurgence of human metapneumovirus infection and influenza after three seasons of inactivity in the post‐COVID‐19 era in Hokkaido, Japan, 2022–2023
Authors: Fukuda Yuya , Togashi Atsuo , Hirakawa Satoshi , Yamamoto Masaki , Fukumura Shinobu , Nawa Tomohiro , Honjo Saho , Kunizaki Jun , Nishino Kouhei , Tanaka Toju , Kizawa Toshitaka , Yamamoto Dai , Takeuchi Ryoh , Sasaoka Yuta , Kikuchi Masayoshi , Ito Takuro , Nagai Kazushige , Asakura Hirofumi , Kudou Katsumasa , Yoshida Masaki , Nishida Takeshi , Tsugawa Takeshi
Published: December 2023

Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak in February 2020, incidences of various infectious diseases decreased notably in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. However, Japan began gradually easing COVID‐19 infection control measures in 2022. Here, we conducted a survey of children hospitalized with human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza A and B, and respiratory syncytial virus infections in 18 hospitals across Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, spanning from July 2019 to June 2023. From March 2020 to June 2022 (28 months), only 13 patients were hospitalized with hMPV, and two patients had influenza A. However, in October to November 2022, there was a re‐emergence of hMPV infections, with a maximum of 27 hospitalizations per week. From July 2022 to June 2023 (12 months), the number of hMPV‐related hospitalizations dramatically increased to 317 patients, with the majority aged 3–6 years (38.2%, [121/317]). Influenza A also showed an increase from December 2022, with a peak of 13 hospitalizations per week in March 2023, considerably fewer than the pre‐COVID‐19 outbreak in December 2019, when rates reached 45 hospitalizations per week. These findings suggest the possibility of observing more resurgences in infectious diseases in Japan after 2023 if infection control measures continue to be relaxed. Caution is needed in managing potential outbreaks.
Low‐frequency noise model development of MoS2 field effect transistor and its analysis with respect to different traps
Authors: Kumar Vydha Pradeep , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2023

In this paper, an analytical drain current model of double gate MoS2 FET Transistor for low‐frequency noise (LFN) power spectral density is developed, and compared its response with the device simulation of the proposed device structure. The developed low‐frequency noise power spectral density (PSD) model is analyzed with respect to different Trap densities, Oxide thicknesses, and high K‐dielectric materials using the TCAD Device simulation tool. Low‐frequency noise is one of the most important noises in any device since it degrades the device's performance. So, in this paper, we used a unique charge‐control model for analyzing the low‐frequency noise by considering the mobility degradation, trapping, and de‐trapping effects caused by trap densities and device lattice structure. Usually, all the previous studies on drain currents with low frequency are based on fluctuations caused by mobility and carrier variations. In our paper, we even considered the charge density fluctuation to analyze the drain current equation. Using a Charge Control Model, we can compute the parameters like gate capacitance (Cgs, Cgd), channel length modulation, and body effect. While other LFN models like the DC model, small signal model, and hybrid model will focus mainly on the static characteristics of the device such as its DC current–voltage (I‐V) relationship, terminal resistances, and input/output conductance of the devices. All the analytical model results were calibrated with the device simulation and it is observed that both are matches each other. Further, it is observed that with an increase in Trap density, the low‐frequency noise increases and low‐frequency noise is dominant at lower frequencies only (1–10 Hz), and after this frequency range the thermal noise will be the dominant noise factor.
Lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol decreased oil absorbency of French fries by changing the microstructure of French fries and physical properties of frying oil
Authors: Zhang Hai‐long , Wang Zhi‐xian , Wang Kun‐li , Du Jing , He Jun‐bo , Zhang Wei‐nong
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant γ‐oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of γ‐oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied.

RESULTS

Our results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of γ‐oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil.

CONCLUSIONS

Consequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of γ‐oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Properties of lime peel pectin as mainly influenced by ethanol and protein‐based purification methods
Authors: Baghdadi Fatemeh , Nayebzadeh Kooshan , Aminifar Mehrnaz , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Lime peel, obtained from juice factory waste, is considered as a source of pectin. Lime peel pectin samples, extracted by three extraction procedures of 90 °C heating for 120 min, 90 °C heating for 90 min and then 32 min of ultrasound, and 80 °C heating for 60 min and then 22 min of ultrasound, and purified by two methods using ethanol and sodium caseinate (SC), were prepared and characterized.

RESULTS

The results showed that the purification method significantly affected the lime pectin samples properties. Pectin samples purified with SC had a transparent and film‐like appearance, whereas the ethanol‐purified pectin samples showed an amorphous and opaque appearance. Pectin samples purified with ethanol showed higher extraction recovery (approximately 20%), whereas the lowest pectin yield was observed for the purification with SC (approximately 10%). Although SC purification did not enhance the pectin yield, it diminished the level of ‘non‐pectin’ components and resulted in purer pectin. The bands at 1045–1076 cm−1, relating to neutral sugars, had higher intensities in ethanol‐purified pectin samples, indicating their higher sugar contents. Also the samples purified with SC exhibited more thermal stability, probably as a result of the presence of protein in their structure.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, under the same or varying extraction conditions, the most important element distinguishing pectins in terms of appearance, physicochemical, thermal and Fourier transform infrared characteristics was the type of purification method. Purification with SC may result in pectins with more non‐esterified galacturonic acids from the homogalacturonan fraction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.