bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression in Mouse Early Embryo Development: A View from the Tip of the Iceberg
Authors: Bianchi Enrica , Sette Claudio
Published: September 2011

Fertilization is a very complex biological process that requires the perfect cooperation between two highly specialized cells: the male and female gametes. The oocyte provides the physical space where this process takes place, most of the energetic need, and half of the genetic contribution. The spermatozoon mostly contributes the other half of the chromosomes and it is specialized to reach and to penetrate the oocyte. Notably, the mouse oocyte and early embryo are transcriptionally inactive. Hence, they fully depend on the maternal mRNAs and proteins stored during oocyte maturation to drive the onset of development. The new embryo develops autonomously around the four-cell stage, when maternal supplies are exhausted and the zygotic genome is activated in mice. This oocyte-to-embryo transition needs an efficient and tightly regulated translation of the maternally-inherited mRNAs, which likely contributes to embryonic genome activation. Full understanding of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in early embryos is crucial to understand the reprogramming of the embryonic genome, it might help driving reprogramming of stem cells in vitro and will likely improve in vitro culturing of mammalian embryos for assisted reproduction. Nevertheless, the knowledge of the mechanism(s) underlying this fundamental step in embryogenesis is still scarce, especially if compared to other model organisms. We will review here the current knowledge on the post-transcriptional control of gene expression in mouse early embryos and discuss some of the unanswered questions concerning this fascinating field of biology.
Betalain, Acid Ascorbic, Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Properties of Purple, Red, Yellow and White Cactus Pears
Authors: Sumaya-Martínez María Teresa , Cruz-Jaime Sandra , Madrigal-Santillán Eduardo , García-Paredes Juan Diego , Cariño-Cortés Raquel , Cruz-Cansino Nelly , Valadez-Vega Carmen , Martinez-Cardenas Leonardo , Alanís-García Ernesto
Published: September 2011

Commercialization of cactus pears based on their antioxidant properties can generate competitive advantages, and these can turn into business opportunities and the development of new products and a high-value ingredient for the food industry. This work evaluated the antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging, protection against oxidation of a β-carotene-linoleic acid emulsion, and iron (II) chelation), the content of total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, betacyanin, betaxanthin and the stability of betacyanin pigments in presence of Cu (II)-dependent hydroxyl radicals (OH•), in 18 cultivars of purple, red, yellow and white cactus pear from six Mexican states. Our results indicated that the antiradical activities from yellow and white cactus pear cultivars were not significantly different (p < 0.05) and were lower than the average antiradical activities in red and purple cultivars. The red cactus pear from the state of Zacatecas showed the highest antioxidant activity. The free radical scavenging activity for red cactus pears was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) to the concentration of total phenolic compounds (R2 = 0.90) and ascorbic acid (R2 = 0.86). All 18 cultivars of cactus pears studied showed significant chelating activity of ferrous ions. The red and purple cactus pears showed a great stability when exposed to OH•.
Prior Surface Integrity Assessment of Coated and Uncoated Carbide Inserts Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Oraby Samy , Alaskari Ayman , Almazrouee Abdulla
Published: September 2011

Coated carbide inserts are considered vital components in machining processes and advanced functional surface integrity of inserts and their coating are decisive factors for tool life. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) implementation has gained acceptance over a wide spectrum of research and science applications. When used in a proper systematic manner, the AFM features can be a valuable tool for assessment of tool surface integrity. The aim of this paper is to assess the integrity of coated and uncoated carbide inserts using AFM analytical parameters. Surface morphology of as-received coated and uncoated carbide inserts is examined, analyzed, and characterized through the determination of the appropriate scanning setting, the suitable data type imaging techniques and the most representative data analysis parameters using the MultiMode AFM microscope in contact mode. The results indicate that it is preferable to start with a wider scan size in order to get more accurate interpretation of surface topography. Results are found credible to support the idea that AFM can be used efficiently in detecting flaws and defects of coated and uncoated carbide inserts using specific features such as “Roughness” and “Section” parameters. A recommended strategy is provided for surface examination procedures of cutting inserts using various AFM controlling parameters.
Manganese-based Materials Inspired by Photosynthesis for Water-Splitting
Authors: Hou Harvey  J.M.
Published: September 2011

In nature, the water-splitting reaction via photosynthesis driven by sunlight in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria stores the vast solar energy and provides vital oxygen to life on earth. The recent advances in elucidating the structures and functions of natural photosynthesis has provided firm framework and solid foundation in applying the knowledge to transform the carbon-based energy to renewable solar energy into our energy systems. In this review, inspired by photosynthesis robust photo water-splitting systems using manganese-containing materials including Mn-terpy dimer/titanium oxide, Mn-oxo tetramer/Nafion, and Mn-terpy oligomer/tungsten oxide, in solar fuel production are summarized and evaluated. Potential problems and future endeavors are also discussed.
Flavonoids as Vasorelaxant Agents: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Quantitative Structure Activities Relationship (QSAR) Studies
Authors: Dong Xiaowu , Wang Yanming , Liu Tao , Wu Peng , Gao Jiadi , Xu Jianchao , Yang Bo , Hu Yongzhou
Published: September 2011

A series of 2-(2-diethylamino)-ethoxychalcone and 6-prenyl(or its isomers)-flavanones 10a,b and 11a–g were synthesized and evaluated for their vasorelaxant activities against rat aorta rings pretreated with 1 μM phenylephrine (PE). Several compounds showed potent vasorelaxant activities. Compound 10a (EC50 = 7.6 μM, Emax = 93.1%), the most potent one, would be a promising structural template for development of novel and more efficient vasodilators. Further, 2D-QSAR analysis of compounds 10a,b and 11c-e as well as thirty previously synthesized flavonoids 1-3 and 12-38 using Enhanced Replacement Method-Multiple Linear Regression (ERM-MLR) was further performed based on an optimal set of molecular descriptors (H5m, SIC2, DISPe, Mor03u and L3m), leading to a reliable model with good predictive ability (Rtrain2 = 0.839, Qloo2 = 0.733 and Rtest2 = 0.804). The results provide good insights into the structure- activity relationships of the target compounds.
Bromocresol Green/Mesoporous Silica Adsorbent for Ammonia Gas Sensing via an Optical Sensing Instrument
Authors: Chang Yu-Chang , Bai Hsunling , Li Shou-Nan , Kuo Chun-Nan
Published: September 2011

A meso-structured Al-MCM-41 material was impregnated with bromocresol green (BG) dye and then incorporated into a UV-Vis DRA spectroscopic instrument for the online detection of ammonia gas. The absorption response of the Al-MCM-41/BG ammonia sensing material was very sensitive at the optical absorption wavelength of 630 nm. A high linear correlation was achieved for ppmv and sub-ppmv levels of ammonia gas. The response time for the quantitative detection of ammonia gas concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2.0 ppmv was only a few minutes. The lower detection limit achieved was 0.185 ppmv. The color change process was fully reversible during tens of cycling tests. These features together make this mesoporous Al-MCM-41 material very promising for optical sensing applications.
Determination of Moisture Content in Oil Palm Fruits Using a Five-Port Reflectometer
Authors: Yee Lee Kim , Abbas Zulkifly , Jusoh Mohamad Ashry , Yeow You Kok , Meng Cheng Ee
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the development of a PC-based microwave five-port reflectometer for the determination of moisture content in oil palm fruits. The reflectometer was designed to measure both the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient of any passive microwave device. The stand-alone reflectometer consists of a PC, a microwave source, diode detectors and an analog to digital converter. All the measurement and data acquisition were done using Agilent VEE graphical programming software. The relectometer can be used with any reflection based microwave sensor. In this work, the application of the reflectometer as a useful instrument to determine the moisture content in oil palm fruits using monopole and coaxial sensors was demonstrated. Calibration equations between reflection coefficients and moisture content have been established for both sensors. The equation based on phase measurement of monopole sensor was found to be accurate within 5% in predicting moisture content in the fruits when compared to the conventional oven drying method.
Kalman-Filter-Based Orientation Determination Using Inertial/Magnetic Sensors: Observability Analysis and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Sabatini Angelo Maria
Published: September 2011

In this paper we present a quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for estimating the three-dimensional orientation of a rigid body. The EKF exploits the measurements from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that is integrated with a tri-axial magnetic sensor. Magnetic disturbances and gyro bias errors are modeled and compensated by including them in the filter state vector. We employ the observability rank criterion based on Lie derivatives to verify the conditions under which the nonlinear system that describes the process of motion tracking by the IMU is observable, namely it may provide sufficient information for performing the estimation task with bounded estimation errors. The observability conditions are that the magnetic field, perturbed by first-order Gauss-Markov magnetic variations, and the gravity vector are not collinear and that the IMU is subject to some angular motions. Computer simulations and experimental testing are presented to evaluate the algorithm performance, including when the observability conditions are critical.
A Comparison of Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interference Measurement of Laser Linewidth Using Mach-Zehnder and Michelson Interferometers
Authors: Canagasabey Albert , Michie Andrew , Canning John , Holdsworth John , Fleming Simon , Wang Hsiao-Chuan , Åslund Mattias L.
Published: September 2011

Linewidth measurements of a distributed feedback (DFB) fibre laser are made using delayed self heterodyne interferometry (DHSI) with both Mach-Zehnder and Michelson interferometer configurations. Voigt fitting is used to extract and compare the Lorentzian and Gaussian linewidths and associated sources of noise. The respective measurements are wL (MZI) = (1.6 ± 0.2) kHz and wL (MI) = (1.4 ± 0.1) kHz. The Michelson with Faraday rotator mirrors gives a slightly narrower linewidth with significantly reduced error. This is explained by the unscrambling of polarisation drift using the Faraday rotator mirrors, confirmed by comparing with non-rotating standard gold coated fibre end mirrors.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Combination with Rifampicin-Based Antitubercular Treatment in HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Zhang Chao , McIlleron Helen , Ren Yuan , van der Walt Jan-Stefan , Karlsson Mats O , Simonsson Ulrika SH , Denti Paolo
Published: September 2011

Background

The preferred antiretroviral regimen for young children previously exposed to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is lopinavir/ ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Rifampicin-based antitubercular treatment reduces lopinavir concentrations. Adding extra ritonavir to lopinavir/ ritonavir overcomes the effect of rifampicin, however this approach is not feasible in many settings.

Methods

We developed an integrated population model describing lopinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics to predict lopinavir/ritonavir (4:1) doses achieving target lopinavir exposures in children treated for tuberculosis. The model included data from 15 children given ‘super-boosted’ lopinavir (lopinavir/ritonavir = 1:1) and 20 children given twice the standard dose of lopinavir/ritonavir every 12 h during antitubercular treatment, and from children given standard lopinavir/ritonavir doses every 12 h (39 without tuberculosis and 11 sampled again after antitubercular treatment).

Results

A one-compartment model with first- order absorption and elimination best described the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir and a one-compartment model with transit absorption compartments described ritonavir pharmacokinetics. The dynamic influence of ritonavir concentration on lopinavir oral clearance was modelled as direct inhibition with an Emax model. Antitubercular treatment reduced the oral bioavailability of lopinavir by 77% in children receiving twice usual lopinavir/ritonavir doses and increased ritonavir clearance by 50%. Simulations predicted that respective 27, 21, 20 and 18 mg/kg 8-hourly doses of lopinavir (in lopinavir/ritonavir, 4:1) maintains lopinavir concentrations >1 mg/l in at least 95% of children weighing 3–5.9, 6–9.9, 10–13.9 and 14–19.9 kg.

Conclusions

The model describing the interactions between lopinavir, ritonavir and rifampicin in young children predicted feasible 8-hourly doses of lopinavir/ ritonavir resulting in therapeutic lopinavir concentrations during antitubercular treatment.
Une lecture de la révolution tunisienne
Authors: Dakhli Leyla
Published: September 2011

Résumé Issue d’une observation sur le vif des événements qui se sont déroulés en Tunisie du 17 décembre 2010 à la fin mai 2011, cette chronique sur la « révolution tunisienne » propose quelques pistes de réflexion et ouvre sur des questions qui se posent pour l’historien, en particulier face à la profusion de sources numériques et face à l’étude de réseaux de contestation et de mobilisation à travers les outils du web 2.0.
Le développement de l'équitation de loisir dans les territoires ruraux : entre influences sectorielles et périurbanisation
Authors: Vial Céline , Aubert Magali , Perrier-Cornet Philippe
Published: September 2011

Le développement des loisirs équestres en France est en grande partie porté par des particuliers, propriétaires de leur(s) équidé(s). Cet article étudie les facteurs susceptibles de rendre compte de la plus ou moins grande importance de ces équidés dans les espaces ruraux et périurbains. Les résultats mettent en évidence des influences réciproques entre la densité d’équidés et l’intensité du développement résidentiel de ces territoires. Des effets sectoriels sont également testés : l’influence du secteur agricole est complexe, relevant à la fois de concurrences et complémentarités pour l’occupation de l’espace. On constate en revanche un effet très net d’entraînement local de la dynamique professionnelle équestre sur la présence de ces équidés. Finalement, ce travail, en mettant l’accent sur l’imbrication entre le développement des loisirs équestres et les transformations actuelles des campagnes, présente les équidés de ces propriétaires amateurs comme de bons révélateurs et marqueurs des nouvelles dynamiques rurales.
Emotional Intelligence: It’s More Than IQ
Authors: Pisanos Diane E.
Published: September 2011

Emotional intelligence (EI) can determine the quality of our relationship with ourselves and others. Whether we are students, teachers, or managers or are in the clinical arena, EI influences our stress level, our ability to perform, and our effectiveness when working with others.
Long-term Results of Arthroscopic Labral Debridement: Predictors of Outcomes
Authors: Meftah Morteza , Rodriguez Jose A. , Panagopoulos Georgia , Alexiades Michael M.
Published: September 2011

Limited data exist regarding the long-term results of labral debridement and the effect of coexisting pathology on outcomes. Our hypothesis was that untreated coexisting hip pathologies such as femoroacetabular impingement and arthritis significantly affect the outcomes of arthroscopic labral debridement.

Between 1996 and 2003, fifty consecutive patients who underwent hip arthroscopy and labral debridement with a mean follow-up of 8.4 years were included in our study. Patients’ preoperative Harris Hip Scores and coexisting pathologies such as femoroacetabular impingement, dysplasia, or arthritis were recorded as variables. Postoperative Harris Hip Score and satisfaction at final follow-up were recorded as outcomes. Good or excellent results were achieved in 62% of cases (58% in patients with untreated femoroacetabular impingement and 19% in patients with arthritis). Failures included 2 cases that were converted to total hip replacement (4.5 and 5.2 years after index procedure) due to advancement of arthritis and 1 case of repeat arthroscopy for cam decompression. Patients with no coexisting pathology had significantly higher satisfaction and Harris Hip Scores. Almost all of the patients with low postoperative Harris Hip Scores had arthritic changes. Arthritis had a significant correlation with low postoperative Harris Hip Scores and satisfaction.

Coexisting pathology, especially arthritis and untreated femoroacetabular impingement, can result in inferior outcomes. Arthroscopic labral debridement of symptomatic tears in selected patients with no coexisting pathology can result in favorable long-term results. Arthritis is the strongest independent predictor of poor outcomes.
Use of a Rugby Helmet Brace for Postoperative Treatment of Muscular Torticollis
Authors: Yamada Naotake , Kim Wook-Cheol , Hosokawa Motoo , Yoshida Takashi , Mouri Hisashi , Oka Yoshinobu , Kotoura Yoshihiro , Nakase Masashi , Nishida Atsushi , Kusakabe Torao , Kubo Toshikazu
Published: September 2011

Prior to 1992, our postoperative management for congenital muscular torticollis consisted of either plaster cast immobilization or no immobilization, depending on the patient’s age and the degree of contracture. However, some patients required further surgery and developed complications. In 1992, we produced rugby helmet braces for postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of the previous postoperative management with the results achieved using rugby helmet braces.

Twenty-five children aged younger than 6 years underwent caudal partial resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Twelve children aged 6 years and older underwent cranial tenotomy. These 37 patients were divided into 2 groups: no immobilization or plaster immobilization (group A; n=19) and rugby helmet braces (group B; n=18). Canale’s method was used for evaluation of clinical results. In group A, the results were good in 12 patients, fair in 4, and poor in 3, whereas all 18 patients in group B had good results. Two patients in group A required further surgery, and complications were observed in 5 patients. In group B, alopecia areata was observed in 1 patient.

The rugby helmet brace is easy to put on and remove, providing good retention and allowing for physiotherapy. It provides a useful method of postoperative management for congenital muscular torticollis.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials: Comparison of Total Disk Replacement With Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Yu Lin , Song Yueming , Yang Xi , Lv Chaoliang
Published: September 2011

The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is a beneficial clinical effect of total disk replacement compared with anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for the treatment of single-level symptomatic cervical disk disease. A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases, including PubMed (1966–2011), Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL; issue 1, 2011), and Embase (1984–2011), was conducted to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria. Methodologic quality was assessed and relevant data were retrieved, and if appropriate, meta-analysis was performed. Eight randomized controlled trials were identified; six of the 8 reported 24-month follow-up results. At 24 months, total disk replacement was demonstrated to be more beneficial for patients compared with anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for the following outcomes: overall success rate (odds ratio [OR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37–2.33;
P
<.0001), overall reoperation rate (OR,.36; CI, .21–.61;
P
=0), reoperation rate for revision (OR, .12; CI, .02 to .64;
P
=.01), and visual analog scale neck pain scores (standard mean differences [SMD], −.48; CI, −.91 to −.05;
P
=.03). Other outcomes, including Neck Disability Index scores (SMD, −.02; CI, −.44 to .27;
P
=.67) and visual analog scale arm pain scores (SMD, −.21; CI, −.63 to .22;
P
=.34), demonstrated no differences between the 2 groups. For patients with single-level symptomatic cervical disk disease, total disk replacement was found to be more effective than anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion in the 2 outcomes of overall success rate and overall reoperation rate at 24 months. Long-term results also showed total disk replacement trended to be more effective than anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion in some aspects.
Preferred Use of Polyhexanide in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Röhner Eric , Seeger Jörn B. , Hoff Paula , Pfitzner Tilman , Preininger Bernd , Andreas Kristin , Buttgereit Frank , Perka Carsten , Matziolis Georg
Published: September 2011

In orthopedic and trauma surgery, the most frequently used antiseptic is polyhexanide. Its favored application is based on prepossessing tissue compatibility in contrast to various antiseptics and a high antimicrobiological effect. Recent studies showed toxic effects of this antiseptic on human chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to further analyze the toxic and apoptotic effects of polyhexanide on primary human chondrocytes. The hypothesis of this study was that polyhexanide induces apoptosis on human chondrocytes.

Primary human chondrocytes were isolated and cultured from human donors with osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent total arthroplasty and had no indication of infection. Polyhexanide at a standard concentration of 0.04% was added to the monolayer cultures. Early and late apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometric detection of annexin V, active caspases, and 7AAD, and by fluorescence microscopy using annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an increase of annexin V and active caspases expression of human chondrocytes after incubation with polyhexanide. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated a high number of annexin V positive and propidium iodide negative early apoptotic cells. The data show that polyhexanide promotes apoptosis on primary human chondrocytes in vitro, which may indicate the use of polyhexanide in septic joint surgery.
Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool in Assessing Deltoid Ligament Injury in Supination External Rotation Fractures of the Ankle
Authors: Henari Shwan , Banks Louisa N. , Radiovanovic Ingrid , Queally Joseph , Morris Seamus
Published: September 2011

The medial deltoid ligament is the primary stabilizing structure in the ankle joint following lateral malleolar fracture. However, medial deltoid ligament ruptures are difficult to diagnose using current imaging modalities. We hypothesized that ultrasonography can be used to accurately allow early clinical assessment of ankle fracture stability, thereby negating the need to perform plain film stress views of the acutely injured ankle. This prospective study included 12 patients (age range, 18–72) with supination external rotation fractures requiring operative fixation. Following induction of anesthesia, ultrasonography examination was performed, followed by an arthrogram under fluoroscopic screening. Radiographs, ultrasonography, and arthrographic findings were compared.

There was 100% correlation between ultrasonography and arthrogram findings. Ultrasonography accurately diagnosed medial deltoid rupture with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. Plain film radiographs of the ankle had a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 60%. The difference between these was significant (χ
2
=.0091). This study demonstrates diagnostic ultrasonography to be an accurate diagnostic modality in assessing medial deltoid ligament integrity in patients with supination external rotation fractures. It offers the same sensitivity and specificity as arthrography without the need for additional invasive procedures. Its relative ease of use and lack of ionizing radiation make it a potentially useful tool, particularly in a busy trauma service.
Influence of the Position of the Fibular Head After Implantation of a Total Knee Prosthesis on Femorotibial Rotation
Authors: Matziolis Georg , Pfitzner Tilman , Thiele Kathi , Matziolis Doerte , Perka Carsten
Published: September 2011

A gold standard for the correct rotation of the tibial component has not been established in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The target parameter of correct rotation is the facilitation of femorotibial rotation over the entire range of motion with no implant overhang. Although the origin of the lateral collateral ligament is a recognized landmark for determining the rotation of the femoral component (epicondylar axis), the attachment of the lateral collateral ligament has not been taken into consideration for adjusting tibial rotation until now. The objective of the current investigation was to examine whether the position of the fibular head, as the attachment of the lateral collateral ligament, influences femorotibial rotation. Seventy patients who underwent TKA were enrolled in this retrospective study. Computed tomography (CT) of the operated knee was performed 6 months postoperatively in all cases and the position of the lateral facet of the fibular head and the tibial tuberosity, and the geometric center of the tibia and the femoral epicondyles were determined. The angle between the lateral facet of the fibular head, the geometric center of the tibia, and the tibial tuberosity was 45.7°±6.9°. The angle between the surgical epicondylar axis and the line from tibial tuberosity to tibial center was 69°±8.3°. This close correlation (
R
=.73;
P
<.001) shows that the position of the fibular head determines femorotibial rotation. The fibular head may become a helpful landmark for establishing the rotation of the tibial component; it could be useful in interpretation of postoperative CT scans in knees suspected of tibial malrotation.
Validating a Tool that Explores Factors Influencing the Adoption of Principles of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Al Hadid Lourance A. , Hasheesh Mohammad Abu , Al Momani Mohammad
Published: September 2011

The adoption of principles of evidence-based practice in nursing education assists nursing graduates in improving their practice. Measuring factors that influence this adoption requires the use of a valid tool; however, few tools addressing these factors are available. This study measured the psychometric properties of a composite tool developed to assess factors influencing the adoption of the principles of evidence-based practice in nursing education. A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used. A convenience, purposive sample of 85 nurse educators participated in this study. The Evidence-Based Nursing Education Questionnaire items were derived following a four-step approach: extensive literature review, thematic analysis of literature, expert opinion in the questionnaire items, and psychometric testing of the questionnaire. The psychometric properties indicated a valid and reliable tool. The resulting five factors include knowledge in educational principles and faculty practice. The questionnaire proved to be reliable and valid.
Two Sides of the Coin: The Bully and the Bullied
Authors: Warren Barbara Jones
Published: September 2011

Bullying has become a worldwide phenomenon that produces serious individual and societal consequences when it is ignored. There are two sides of the coin that require consideration when psychiatric-mental health (PMH) nurses conduct assessments of situations that involve bullying behaviors. Both the bully and the bullied can incur serious, negative, and debilitating psychological effects. In some cases, physical injury and/or death occurs as a result of bullying. Deciphering the biopsychosocial mental health issues associated with bullying is challenging. PMH nurses have the clinical expertise to develop coping interventions and strategies that stop bullying, as well as enhance the mental health and wellness of both those who bully and who are bullied. This article presents PMH nursing biopsychosocial strategies for both sides of the bullying coin. Exemplars are provided to aid implementation of the strategies.
Understanding and Assessing Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: September 2011

Establishing causality between a medication exposure and the development of an adverse event (AE) is a difficult process. If a causal relationship can be confirmed, an AE is referred to as an
adverse drug reaction
(ADR). The reported signs or symptoms of an AE could be due to the drug, the underlying disorder, or other unrelated or concurrent factors. The conventional approach to defining ADRs is based on a clinical judgment that the link between drug exposure and AE is
definite
,
probable
,
possible
, or
doubtful
. The validity and reliability of this assessment varies according to the knowledge, background, and experience of the clinician making the assessment. A systematic and validated method for estimating the probability of an ADR has been described by Naranjo et al. This method solicits answers to 10 questions; the total score is then used to quantify the probability of an ADR.
The Role of Dicentric Chromosome Formation and Secondary Centromere Deletion in the Evolution of Myeloid Malignancy
Authors: MacKinnon Ruth N. , Campbell Lynda J.
Published: September 2011

Dicentric chromosomes have been identified as instigators of the genome instability associated with cancer, but this instability is often resolved by one of a number of different secondary events. These include centromere inactivation, inversion, and intercentromeric deletion. Deletion or excision of one of the centromeres may be a significant occurrence in myeloid malignancy and other malignancies but has not previously been widely recognized, and our reports are the first describing centromere deletion in cancer cells. We review what is known about dicentric chromosomes and the mechanisms by which they can undergo stabilization in both constitutional and cancer genomes. The failure to identify centromere deletion in cancer cells until recently can be partly explained by the standard approaches to routine diagnostic cancer genome analysis, which do not identify centromeres in the context of chromosome organization. This hitherto hidden group of primary dicentric, secondary monocentric chromosomes, together with other unrecognized dicentric chromosomes, points to a greater role for dicentric chromosomes in cancer initiation and progression than is generally acknowledged. We present a model that predicts and explains a significant role for dicentric chromosomes in the formation of unbalanced translocations in malignancy.
Preparation and Capacitive Behavior of Dandelion-Likeγ-MnO2Nanofibre/Activated Carbon Microbeads Composite for the Application of Supercapacitor
Authors: Bai Li , Wang Xianyou , Wang Xingyan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Long Wanmei , Wang Hong , Li Jiaojiao
Published: September 2011

Dandelion-likeγ-manganese dioxide (γ-MnO2) nanofibre/activated carbon microbeads (ACMBs) composite is prepared by an in situ coating technique. The structure and morphology of the composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show thatγ-MnO2nanofibre is uniformly encapsulated on the surface of ACMB, and the composite finally becomes a dandelion-like microbead. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic current charge/discharge, and cycle life measurements are used to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of the composite. Since the composite is able to undergo pseudofaradic charge transfer reactions and hereto contributes together with the double-layer effect to the total capacitance of the material, the specific capacitance of the composite is as high as 375.9 F g-1at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1, which is significantly higher than the pure ACMB. Besides, the capacitance retention of the supercapacitor using the composite as electrode-active material keeps still 93% after 1000 cycles.
Uniquely D-colourable Digraphs with Large Girth
Authors: Harutyunyan Ararat , Kayll P. Mark , Mohar Bojan , Rafferty Liam
Published: September 2011

Let C and D be digraphs. A mapping f : V(D) →V(C) is a C-colouring if for every arc uv of D, either f (u) f (v) is an arc of C or f (u) = f (v), and the preimage of every vertex of C induces an acyclic subdigraph in D. We say that D is C-colourable if it admits a C-colouring and that D is uniquely C-colourable if it is surjectively C-colourable and any two C-colourings of D differ by an automorphism of C. We prove that if a digraph D is not C-colourable, then there exist digraphs of arbitrarily large girth that are D-colourable but not C-colourable. Moreover, for every digraph D that is uniquely D-colourable, there exists a uniquely D-colourable digraph of arbitrarily large girth. In particular, this implies that for every rational number r ≥ 1, there are uniquely circularly r-colourable digraphs with arbitrarily large girth.
Effect of a Laboratory Result Pager on Provider Behavior in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Stavroudis TA. , Miller RE. , Lehmann HP. , Lehmann CU. , Samal L.
Published: September 2011

Background: A computerized laboratory result paging system (LRPS) that alerts providers about abnormal results (“push”) may improve upon active laboratory result review (“pull”). However, implementing such a system in the intensive care setting may be hindered by low signal-to-noise ratio, which may lead to alert fatigue.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an LRPS in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: Utilizing paper chart review, we tallied provider orders following an abnormal laboratory result before and after implementation of an LRPS. Orders were compared with a predefined set of appropriate orders for such an abnormal result. The likelihood of a provider response in the post-implementation period as compared to the pre-implementation period was analyzed using logistic regression. The provider responses were analyzed using logistic regression to control for potential confounders.

Results: The likelihood of a provider response to an abnormal laboratory result did not change significantly after implementation of an LRPS. (Odds Ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.63–1.30, p-value 0.58) However, when providers did respond to an alert, the type of response was different. The proportion of repeat laboratory tests increased. (26/378 vs. 7/278, p-value = 0.02)

Conclusion: Although the laboratory result pager altered healthcare provider behavior in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, it did not increase the overall likelihood of provider response.
Function and Survival after Revision of Hip Resurfacing
Authors: Jaiswal Anuj , Gilbert Robin E. , Kumar Karadi H. Sunil , Carrothers Andrew D. , Kuiper Jan-Herman , Richardson James B.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare functional outcome and survival of isolated acetabular, isolated femoral and both component revision after failure of primary Birmingham Hip Resurfacing. The Oswestry Outcome Centre prospectively collected data on 5000 hip resurfacing between 1997 and 2002. Of these, 182 hips were revised: 8% had revision of the acetabular component only, 42% had revision of the femoral component only to conventional stemmed prosthesis, and 50% had revision of both components to conventional total hip arthroplasty (THA). We used a postal questionnaire to assess function by Harris and Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip scores and determined survival using re-revision as an endpoint. In patients with isolated acetabular revision, the median Harris hip score (HHS) was 74 at a mean of 4.5 years follow up. Isolated femoral revision had a median HHS of 82 at a mean of 3.8 years. When both components were revised, the median HHS was 85 at a mean of 4 years. We observed no difference in HHS between the groups. There was an average survival of 92% at 10 years. Survival was significantly lower for isolated acetabular revision (75%) than isolated femoral (93%) or both component revision (96%).
Urinary Peptides and Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis, A Combined Approach: MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and MicroBCA Protein Assay
Authors: Vittori Matteo , D'addessi Alessandro , Sacco Emilio , Inzitari Rosanna , Fanali Chiara , Totaro Angelo , Bassi Pierfrancesco
Published: September 2011

Background

Urinary lithiasis is one of the most common benign urological diseases. There is growing evidence that a delicate equilibrium regulated by the function of proteins, soluble peptides, membrane proteins and intracellular mechanisms actually exists. We have studied the urinary protein composition of patients affected by calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in order to discover a biomarker or any predisposing factors.

Methods

The urinary protein composition of 17 patients (11 males, 6 females; mean age 45yrs ± 14SD), affected by calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, was assessed in comparison with 17 healthy subjects. A qualitative assay was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in a spectrum between 1 and 5kDa (medium size peptides), and a numerical (quantitative) assay using specific filters and MicroBCA Protein Assay

Results

No differences were detected in the mass spectrums between patients and control subjects: all peaks overlapped perfectly. The results of the numerical assay suggest that concentrations of protein species <5kDa in control samples were actually higher than those which were found in patients. The differences are statistically significant.

Conclusions

The study detected neither a biomarker nor any predisposing factors in “stone former” patients. The assessment of the results obtained, in terms of quantitative differences, indicate the need for further research.
Disrupting Sacred Time:
Authors: Schroeder Joy A.
Published: September 2011

The Franciscan tertiary Angela of Foligno (ca. 1248–1309) reports that a demon tempted her with pride and desolation, falsely claiming to be the apostle Bartholomew and that it was his feast day. Other women (Christina of Stommeln, Gertrude of Helfta, and Catherine of Genoa) likewise received ominous visitations connected with Bartholomew. Angela’s experience reflects the influence of legends that associated Bartholomew with trickster demons. Her confusion about the date of Bartholomew’s festival may derive from a liturgical calendar error or disputes about the proper day for observing Bartholomew’s feast. The desolation caused by the Bartholomew impersonator foreshadows the intense interior struggles that occur later in Angela’s spiritual journey. This episode illustrates the importance of liturgical time. Disruption of Angela’s observance of a saint’s day brings about emotional suffering, while proper liturgical observance and attendance at mass have the power to restore her from demonic affliction and inspire profound spiritual experiences.
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Surgical Techniques
Authors: Mattei Tobias A. , Goulart Carlos R. , Milano Jeronimo B. , Dutra Luis Paulo F. , Fasset Daniel R.
Published: September 2011

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a degenerative spinal disease which may lead to significant clinical morbidity. The onset of symptoms is usually insidious, with long periods of fixed disability and episodic worsening events. Regarding the pathophysiology of CSM, the repeated injuries to the spinal cord are caused by both static and dynamic mechanical factors. The combination of these factors affects the spinal cord basically through both direct trauma and ischemia. Regarding the diagnosis, both static and dynamics X-rays, as well as magnetic resonance imaging are important for preoperative evaluation as well as individualizing surgical planning. The choice of the most appropriate technique is affected by patient's clinical condition radiologic findings, as well as surgeon's experience. In opposition to the old belief that patients presenting mild myelopathy should be treated conservatively, there has progressively been amount of evidence indicating that the clinical course of this disease is progressive deterioration and that early surgical intervention improves long-term functional recovery and neurological prognosis.
Analysis of Ammonia Toxicity in Landfill Leachates
Authors: Osada Takuya , Nemoto Keisuke , Nakanishi Hiroki , Hatano Ayumi , Shoji Ryo , Naruoka Tomohiro , Yamada Masato
Published: September 2011

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) phase I manipulations and toxicity test with D. magna were conducted on leachates from an industrial waste landfill site in Japan. Physicochemical analysis detected heavy metals at concentrations insufficient to account for the observed acute toxicity. The graduated pH and aeration manipulations identified the prominent toxicity of ammonia. Based on joint toxicity with additive effects of unionized ammonia and ammonium ions, the unionized ammonia toxicity () was calculated as 3.3 ppm, and the toxicity of ammonium ions () was calculated as 222 ppm. Then, the contribution of ammonia toxicity in the landfill leachate toxicity was calculated as 58.7 vol% of the total toxicity in the landfill leachate. Other specific toxicants masked by ammonia's toxicity were detected. Contribution rate of the toxicants other than by ammonia was 41.3 vol% of the total toxicity of the landfill leachate.
Intrusion in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Baruch Susannah , King Louise P. , Shachar Carmel
Published: February 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of medical professionals and experts protecting modern medicine and public health by defending the profession’s unique expertise and ability to set the standard of care.
Evaluation of Noah‐MP performance with available soil information for vertically heterogenous soils
Authors: Yimam Yohannes Tadesse , Neely Haly L. , Morgan Cristine L. S. , Kishné Andrea , Gross Jonathan , Gochis David
Published: February 2025

The increasing availability of modern digital soil databases provides an opportunity to integrate these data into land surface models (LSMs), such as Noah‐MP, for a more realistic representation of soil in estimating mass and energy flux at the land‐atmosphere boundary. Noah‐MP uses a default soil parameter table and a texturally uniform vertical soil profile to a depth of 2 m. Previous research has revised this soil parameter table, and 95% of the values investigated were suggested to be replaced using updated pedotransfer functions and new datasets. In addition to updated parameters, most LSMs do not consider vertical heterogeneity in soil texture despite the widespread distribution of these soils globally. This research assessed both (1) revisions to the soil parameter table and (2) vertical soil heterogeneity, including the presence of bedrock, on simulated water and energy fluxes. At three locations across Texas, plant‐available water (PAW) estimates from Noah‐MP simulations were evaluated using in situ measurements. Due to the lack of water and energy flux data, soil water content values simulated by Noah‐MP were compared with the output from another well‐established model, Root Zone Water Quality Model 2 (RZWQM2). Results showed improving representation of soil improved Nash–Sutcliff efficiency coefficient, model bias, and root mean square difference of Noah‐MP simulated PAW when compared with measured PAW and RZWQM2 simulated PAW. A maximum difference in annual evapotranspiration of 150 mm between simulations was observed. These results demonstrate the need for better accounting of soil knowledge in LSMs for modeling mass and energy exchange at the land‐atmosphere boundaries.
An artificial copper‐Michaelase featuring a genetically encoded bipyridine ligand for asymmetric additions to nitroalkenes
Authors: Jiang Ru , Casilli Fabrizio , Thunnissen Andy-Mark W. H. , Roelfes Gerard
Published: February 2025

Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are an attractive approach to achieving “new to nature” biocatalytic transformations. In this work, a novel copper‐dependent artificial Michaelase (Cu_Michaelase) comprising a genetically encoded copper‐binding ligand, i.e. (2,2‐bipyridin‐5‐yl)alanine (BpyA), was developed. For the first time, such an ArM containing a non‐canonical metal‐binding amino acid was successfully optimized through directed evolution. The evolved Cu_Michaelase was applied in the copper‐catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of 2‐acetyl azaarenes to nitroalkenes, yielding various γ‐nitro butyric acid derivatives, which are precursors for a range of high‐value‐added pharmaceutically relevant compounds, with good yields and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% yield and 99% ee). Additionally, the evolved variant could be further used in a preparative‐scale synthesis, providing chiral products for diverse derivatizations. X‐ray crystal structure analysis confirmed the binding of Cu(II) ions to the BpyA residues and showed that, in principle, there is sufficient space for the 2‐acetyl azaarene substrates to coordinate. Kinetic studies showed that the increased catalytic efficiency of the evolved enzyme is due to improvements in apparent KM for both substrates and a notable threefold increase in apparent kcat for 2‐acetyl pyridine. This work illustrates the potential of artificial metalloenzymes exploiting non‐canonical metal‐binding ligands for new‐to‐nature biocatalysis.
Direct Upcycling of Degraded LiCoO2 Towards High‐performance Cathodes via a Multifunctional Organic Lithium Salt
Authors: Fang Difan , Wu Feng , Zhang Xixue , Zhang Xiaodong , Ye Yusheng , Chen Renjie , Li Li
Published: February 2025

Direct recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a promising technology for resource sustainability and environmental conservation. However, the lithium sources for cathode regeneration are typically mono‐functional, resulting in low performance enhancement of the recycled material. Herein, we report a one‐step direct upcycling method to recycling degraded lithium cobalt oxide (D‐LCO) with lithium lignosulfonate (Li‐L). Li‐L as a multifunctional organic lithium salt can spontaneously attach to the surface of the D‐LCO molecules, thus providing replenishment of Li and doping of elemental sodium and sulfur during the regeneration process. Benefiting from the more stable structure of regenerated LCO supported by Na and S elements, the diffusion efficiency of Li ions and electrons can be improved during charging/discharging. As a result, the cell with upcycling LCO cathode exhibits a high capacity of 220.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retention rate of 89.7% after 300 cycles at 10 C with a maximum cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V. More importantly, life‐cycle analysis shows that the upcycling method performs optimally in environmental protection and energy conservation, as well as economic benefits, providing a prospective pathway for the large‐scale application of recycling spent batteries.