bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Computing and Sensing Technologies for Animal Welfare
Authors: Jukan Admela , Masip-Bruin Xavi , Amla Nina
Published: April 2017

Animals play a profoundly important and intricate role in our lives today. Dogs have been human companions for thousands of years, but now they work to assist the disabled, and in combat and search and rescue situations. Farm animals are a critical part of sustainable agriculture today, and there is increasing consumer interest in humanely raised livestock, and how it impacts our health and environmental footprint. Wild animals are threatened with extinction by human induced factors, and shrinking and compromised habitats. There are many reasons, including societal and economic ones, to explore how new computing technologies can be used to ensure the welfare of animals in these settings. The goal of this review is to systematically survey the existing literature in smart computing and sensing technologies for domestic, farm, and wild animal welfare. We use a broad notion of
animal welfare
to refer to an assessment of whether animals are healthy, free of pain and suffering, and positively stimulated in their environment.
Smart computing and sensing
is also used in broad terms, to refer to systems that are not isolated but interconnected with communication networks, and capable of remote data collection, processing, exchange, and analysis. The findings of this review are expected to motivate future research in computer science and engineering, as well as contribute to data, information, and communication management for animal welfare.
Hashing Techniques
Authors: Chi Lianhua , Zhu Xingquan
Published: April 2017

With the rapid development of information storage and networking technologies, quintillion bytes of data are generated every day from social networks, business transactions, sensors, and many other domains. The increasing data volumes impose significant challenges to traditional data analysis tools in storing, processing, and analyzing these extremely large-scale data. For decades, hashing has been one of the most effective tools commonly used to compress data for fast access and analysis, as well as information integrity verification. Hashing techniques have also evolved from simple randomization approaches to advanced adaptive methods considering locality, structure, label information, and data security, for effective hashing. This survey reviews and categorizes existing hashing techniques as a taxonomy, in order to provide a comprehensive view of mainstream hashing techniques for different types of data and applications. The taxonomy also studies the uniqueness of each method and therefore can serve as technique references in understanding the niche of different hashing mechanisms for future development.
Cyp8b1ablation prevents Western diet-induced weight gain and hepatic steatosis because of impaired fat absorption
Authors: Bertaggia Enrico , Jensen Kristian K. , Castro-Perez Jose , Xu Yimeng , Di Paolo Gilbert , Chan Robin B. , Wang Liangsu , Haeusler Rebecca A.
Published: April 2017

Bile acids (BAs) are cholesterol derivatives that regulate lipid metabolism, through their dual abilities to promote lipid absorption and activate BA receptors. However, different BA species have varying abilities to perform these functions. Eliminating 12α-hydroxy BAs in mice via Cyp8b1 knockout causes low body weight and improved glucose tolerance. The goal of this study was to determine mechanisms of low body weight in Cyp8b1−/−mice. We challenged Cyp8b1−/−mice with a Western-type diet and assessed body weight and composition. We measured energy expenditure, fecal calories, and lipid absorption and performed lipidomic studies on feces and intestine. We investigated the requirement for dietary fat in the phenotype using a fat-free diet. Cyp8b1−/−mice were resistant to Western diet-induced body weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. These changes were associated with increased fecal calories, due to malabsorption of hydrolyzed dietary triglycerides. This was reversed by treating the mice with taurocholic acid, the major 12α-hydroxylated BA species. The improvements in body weight and steatosis were normalized by feeding mice a fat-free diet. The effects of BA composition on intestinal lipid handling are important for whole body energy homeostasis. Thus modulating BA composition is a potential tool for obesity or diabetes therapy.
A pseudo-three-dimensional model for quantification of oxygen diffusion from preglomerular arteries to renal tissue and renal venous blood
Authors: Lee Chang-Joon , Ngo Jennifer P. , Kar Saptarshi , Gardiner Bruce S. , Evans Roger G. , Smith David W.
Published: April 2017

To assess the physiological significance of arterial-to-venous (AV) oxygen shunting, we generated a new pseudo-three-dimensional computational model of oxygen diffusion from intrarenal arteries to cortical tissue and veins. The model combines the 11 branching levels (known as “Strahler” orders) of the preglomerular renal vasculature in the rat, with an analysis of an extensive data set obtained using light microscopy to estimate oxygen mass transfer coefficients for each Strahler order. Furthermore, the AV shunting model is now set within a global oxygen transport model that includes transport from arteries, glomeruli, peritubular capillaries, and veins to tissue. While a number of lines of evidence suggest AV shunting is significant, most importantly, our AV oxygen shunting model predicts AV shunting is small under normal physiological conditions (~0.9% of total renal oxygen delivery; range 0.4–1.4%), but increases during renal ischemia, glomerular hyperfiltration (~2.1% of total renal oxygen delivery; range 0.84–3.36%), and some cardiovascular disease states (~3.0% of total renal oxygen delivery; range 1.2–4.8%). Under normal physiological conditions, blood Po2 is predicted to fall by ~16 mmHg from the root of the renal artery to glomerular entry, with AV oxygen shunting contributing ~40% and oxygen diffusion from arteries to tissue contributing ~60% of this decline. Arterial Po2 is predicted to fall most rapidly from Strahler order 4, under normal physiological conditions. We conclude that AV oxygen shunting normally has only a small impact on renal oxygenation, but may exacerbate renal hypoxia during renal ischemia, hyperfiltration, and some cardiovascular disease states.
Characterizing the effects of feature salience and top-down attention in the early visual system
Authors: Poltoratski Sonia , Ling Sam , McCormack Devin , Tong Frank
Published: April 2017

The visual system employs a sophisticated balance of attentional mechanisms: salient stimuli are prioritized for visual processing, yet observers can also ignore such stimuli when their goals require directing attention elsewhere. A powerful determinant of visual salience is local feature contrast: if a local region differs from its immediate surround along one or more feature dimensions, it will appear more salient. We used high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) at 7T to characterize the modulatory effects of bottom-up salience and top-down voluntary attention within multiple sites along the early visual pathway, including visual areas V1–V4 and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Observers viewed arrays of spatially distributed gratings, where one of the gratings immediately to the left or right of fixation differed from all other items in orientation or motion direction, making it salient. To investigate the effects of directed attention, observers were cued to attend to the grating to the left or right of fixation, which was either salient or nonsalient. Results revealed reliable additive effects of top-down attention and stimulus-driven salience throughout visual areas V1–hV4. In comparison, the LGN exhibited significant attentional enhancement but was not reliably modulated by orientation- or motion-defined salience. Our findings indicate that top-down effects of spatial attention can influence visual processing at the earliest possible site along the visual pathway, including the LGN, whereas the processing of orientation- and motion-driven salience primarily involves feature-selective interactions that take place in early cortical visual areas.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY While spatial attention allows for specific, goal-driven enhancement of stimuli, salient items outside of the current focus of attention must also be prioritized. We used 7T fMRI to compare salience and spatial attentional enhancement along the early visual hierarchy. We report additive effects of attention and bottom-up salience in early visual areas, suggesting that salience enhancement is not contingent on the observer’s attentional state.
Dynamic population codes of multiplexed stimulus features in primate area MT
Authors: Goddard Erin , Solomon Samuel G. , Carlson Thomas A.
Published: April 2017

The middle-temporal area (MT) of primate visual cortex is critical in the analysis of visual motion. Single-unit studies suggest that the response dynamics of neurons within area MT depend on stimulus features, but how these dynamics emerge at the population level, and how feature representations interact, is not clear. Here, we used multivariate classification analysis to study how stimulus features are represented in the spiking activity of populations of neurons in area MT of marmoset monkey. Using representational similarity analysis we distinguished the emerging representations of moving grating and dot field stimuli. We show that representations of stimulus orientation, spatial frequency, and speed are evident near the onset of the population response, while the representation of stimulus direction is slower to emerge and sustained throughout the stimulus-evoked response. We further found a spatiotemporal asymmetry in the emergence of direction representations. Representations for high spatial frequencies and low temporal frequencies are initially orientation dependent, while those for high temporal frequencies and low spatial frequencies are more sensitive to motion direction. Our analyses reveal a complex interplay of feature representations in area MT population response that may explain the stimulus-dependent dynamics of motion vision.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Simultaneous multielectrode recordings can measure population-level codes that previously were only inferred from single-electrode recordings. However, many multielectrode recordings are analyzed using univariate single-electrode analysis approaches, which fail to fully utilize the population-level information. Here, we overcome these limitations by applying multivariate pattern classification analysis and representational similarity analysis to large-scale recordings from middle-temporal area (MT) in marmoset monkeys. Our analyses reveal a dynamic interplay of feature representations in area MT population response.
A Passenger‐Oriented Model for Train Rescheduling on an Urban Rail Transit Line considering Train Capacity Constraint
Authors: Xu Wenkai , Zhao Peng , Ning Liqiao
Published: April 2017

The major objective of this work is to present a train rescheduling model with train capacity constraint from a passenger‐oriented standpoint for a subway line. The model expects to minimize the average generalized delay time (AGDT) of passengers. The generalized delay time is taken into consideration with two aspects: the delay time of alighting passengers and the penalty time of stranded passengers. Based on the abundant automatic fare collection (AFC) system records, the passenger arrival rate and the passenger alighting ratio are introduced to depict the short‐term characteristics of passenger flow at each station, which can greatly reduce the computation complexity. In addition, an efficient genetic algorithm with adaptive mutation rate and elite strategy is used to solve the large‐scale problem. Finally, Beijing Subway Line 13 is taken as a case study to validate the method. The results show that the proposed model does help neutralize the effect of train delay, with a 9.47% drop in the AGDT in comparison with the train‐oriented model.
Nasogastric Tube Feeding-Induced Esophageal Bezoar: Case Description
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , Sebaaly Mikhael G. , Hallal Ali H.
Published: April 2017

Background. Bezoars are well established entities causing gastrointestinal obstructions. Depending on the prominent constituent of these bezoars, the latter are divided into four subtypes: pharmacobezoars, lactobezoars, trichobezoars, and phytobezoars. Less frequently reported types of bezoars are reported including those formed secondary to nasogastric tube feeding with casein-based formulas. Case Presentation. A 69-year-old male presented following cardiac arrest postmyocardial infarction. Patient sustained anoxic brain injury after resuscitation, rendering him ventilator dependant along with nasogastric tube feeding, initially. Dislodging of the nasogastric tube at one time rendered it difficult to reinsert it, with investigation showing the presence of calcified material within the distal oesophagus, mainly composed of casein-based products secondary to enteral feeding. Conclusion. Bezoars are well known to cause gastrointestinal obstructions due to their indigestible characteristics within the alimentary tract. More rare causes of bezoars include those formed from casein-based feeding formulas administered to patients with sustained enteral feeding. Esophageal obstruction, secondary to casein-based bezoars, occurs due to multiple risk factors, especially in those necessitating intensive care. Approach in such scenarios requires a multiteam approach.
A New Image Denoising Method Based on Adaptive Multiscale Morphological Edge Detection
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Zesong , Liu Jinhai
Published: April 2017

Wavelet transform is an effective method for removal of noise from image. But traditional wavelet transform cannot improve the smooth effect and reserve image’s precise details simultaneously; even false Gibbs phenomenon can be produced. This paper proposes a new image denoising method based on adaptive multiscale morphological edge detection beyond the above limitation. Firstly, the noisy image is decomposed by using one wavelet base. Then, the image edge is detected by using the adaptive multiscale morphological edge detection based on the wavelet decomposition. On this basis, wavelet coefficients belonging to the edge position are dealt with with the improved wavelet domain wiener filtering, and the others are dealt with with the improved Bayesian threshold and the improved threshold function. Finally, wavelet coefficients are inversely processed to obtain the denoised image. Experimental results show that this method can effectively remove the image noise without blurring edges and highlight the characteristics of image edge at the same time. The validation results of the denoised images with higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) demonstrate their robust capability for real applications in the future.
Cardioprotective Effects of HuoxueAnshen Recipe against Myocardial Injuries Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Rats
Authors: Yuan Rong , Guo Li-li , Chen Heng-wen , Li Jun-ping , Chen Zhong , Wei Ben-jun , Wang Jie
Published: April 2017

Background. Traditional Chinese Medicine is extensively used in China and HuoxueAnshen Recipe (HAR) was formulated according to its method in treating CHD accompanied with insomnia in clinic. However, there are few studies related to the effect of HAR on myocardial injury and sleep disorders. Purpose. To investigate the effects of HAR on sleep deprivation‐ (SD‐) induced myocardial I/R injury. Methods. Male Wistar rats receiving a daily gavage of HAR or vehicle were exposed to SD intervention while control rats had normal sleep. Then all rats were exposed to myocardial I/R. Hormone, vascular endothelial, and inflammatory related factors were detected before and after I/R, while cardiac injury, cardiac function, myocardial infarct size, and apoptosis were detected after I/R. Results. Levels of neuropeptide Y, vascular endothelial and inflammatory related factors were significantly increased while melatonin was decreased in vehicle‐treated SD rats but not in HAR‐treated SD rats after SD. In addition, cardiac injury, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarct size, and myocardial apoptosis were deteriorated in vehicle‐treated SD rats but were ameliorated in HAR‐treated SD rats after I/R. Conclusion. HAR not only improved SD‐induced hormone disorders, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, but also alleviated I/R injury, which supports protective usage in CHD and psychocardiology.
A Single Zidovudine (AZT) Administration Delays Hepatic Cell Proliferation by Altering Oxidative State in the Regenerating Rat Liver
Authors: Butanda-Ochoa Armando , Hernández-Espinosa Diego Rolando , Olguín-Martínez Marisela , Sánchez-Sevilla Lourdes , Rodríguez Mario R. , Chávez-Rentería Benito , Aranda-Fraustro Alberto , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando
Published: April 2017

The 3′‐azido‐3′‐deoxythymidine or Zidovudine (AZT) was the first antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of HIV patients, which has good effectiveness but also hepatotoxic side effects that include cell cycle arrest and oxidative/nitrative mitochondrial damage. Whether such an oxidative damage may affect the proliferative‐regenerative capacity of liver remains to be clearly specified at doses commonly used in the clinical practice. In this study, we described the oxidative‐proliferative effect of AZT administered at a common clinical dose in rat liver submitted to 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). The results indicate that AZT significantly decreased DNA synthesis and the number of mitosis in liver subjected to PH in a synchronized way with the promotion of organelle‐selective lipid peroxidation events (especially those observed in plasma membrane and cytosolic fractions) and with liver enzyme release to the bloodstream. Then at the dose used in clinical practice AZT decreased liver regeneration but stimulates oxidative events involved during the proliferation process in a way that each membrane system inside the cell preserves its integrity in order to maintain the cell proliferative process. Here, the induction of large amounts of free ammonia in the systemic circulation could become a factor capable of mediating the deleterious effects of AZT on PH‐induced rat liver regeneration.
Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula: An Unwelcome Thrill
Authors: Edwards Matthew K. , Christenson Erica N. , Corliss Brian M. , Polifka Adam J. , Allen Brandon R.
Published: April 2017

Cervical vertebral AV fistulae are uncommon vascular lesions involving abnormal communication between the extradural vertebral artery and surrounding venous structures. We examine the case of a female evaluated in the emergency department with a vertebral AV fistula presenting classically as pulsatile tinnitus and later successfully treated with standard endovascular techniques. A discussion on the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of vertebral AV fistulae follows.
RhodotorulaEndogenous Endophthalmitis: A Novel Harbinger of the Injection Drug Epidemic in the United States
Authors: Luong Preston M. , Kalpakian Basilio , Jaeger Lawrence J. , Lahey Timothy , Chapman Christopher B. , Zegans Michael E.
Published: April 2017

Endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare but feared infectious ocular complication of injection drug use (IDU). The recent opioid epidemic in the United States threatens to increase the incidence of this disease. We report the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis in the United States caused by the emerging fungal pathogenRhodotorulain an injection drug user which led to no light perception vision (NLP). Worldwide experience withRhodotorulaendogenous endophthalmitis is limited, but existing cases suggest infection by this particular fungal genus has a grim prognosis.
Utility of the Paris System in Reporting Urine Cytology
Authors: Malviya Kiran , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Naik Leena , Kothari Kanchan , Agnihotri Mona
Published: April 2017

Objective: To find out the utility of The Paris System (TPS) in reporting urine cytology and to compare it with the reporting system currently used in our laboratory. Study Design: This retrospective study was undertaken over a period of 1 year during which slides of all the urine specimens sent for cytological examination were retrieved from our laboratory filling system. They were blindly reviewed and reclassified according to TPS. Surgical follow-up was obtained from the uropathology services of our department. Results: A total of 176 cases were meticulously reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 52 years, and 71% of cases presented with hematuria. Histopathological follow-up was available in 34 cases. Reporting by TPS detected 13.0% high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and 5.1% atypical urothelial cells versus 7.3 and 11.9% by the current reporting system, respectively. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for detecting HGUC of TPS were higher than those of our reporting system. Conclusion: TPS has increased the rate of detection of HGUC and reduced the rate of reporting “atypical” urothelial cells. TPS has also standardized the diagnostic criteria, thereby bringing uniformity and reproducibility into the system of reporting for urine cytology.
Processo Coletivo de reformulação curricular do BCC-IME-USP
Authors: Batista Daniel Macêdo , Olguin Giuliano Salcas , Souza Jackson José de , Pina José Coelho De , Campos Pedro Paulo Vezzá , Gnann William Alexandre Miura
Published: April 2017

A última reformulação na grade do Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação (BCC) do IME-USP deu-se em 1998. Há cinco anos um grupo de alunos, ex-alunos e professores do BCC iniciou um estudo com o objetivo de propor atualizações para a grade curricular do curso. Entre as principais mudanças propostas por este grupo estão a criação de trilhas e o aumento de número de disciplinas optativas eletivas, permitindo, inclusive, que os alunos cursem mais disciplinas de outras áreas e mesmo de outras universidades. Neste texto apresentamos o processo de mudança da grade, a nova grade curricular, bem como as diferenças entre as grades curriculares antiga, anterior e nova. A grade curricular entrou em vigor no ano de 2016. É importante observar que o processo contou fortemente com a participação de alunos e ex-alunos. Um efeito colateral positivo dessa participação é o aumento do envolvimento dos alunos do curso, que pode ser observado pela criação de diversos grupos de atividades extracurriculares por ações espontâneas.
Animação e rock'n'roll usados para facilitar ensino de astronomia e química
Authors: Hetem Jane Cristina Gregorio
Published: April 2017

Por sua característica multidisciplinar, a astronomia tem sido amplamente utilizada na aplicação da pesquisa científica no ensino de ciências naturais. As chamadas por projetos de ensino e divulgação científica, visando a produção de materiais didáticos, configuram-se em excelentes oportunidade de aliar o fascínio da população pelos astros e a informação que estes podem trazer sobre conceitos básicos das ciências fundamentais. No presente trabalho descrevemos a experiência em criar materiais didáticos em linguagem atrativa aos jovens (livros de história em quadrinhos; filmes de animação) com o objetivo de ampliar a cultura cientifica entre o público em geral. Para os estudantes da graduação, nossos projetos fazem parte das açoes afirmativas que buscam diminuir a evasão e estimular a conclusão no tempo ideal. Esse artigo é dedicado à descrição da metodologia adotada e apresentação de alguns exemplos dos resultados alcançados, nesse tipo de atuação “antes” e “depois” do ingresso do estudante na graduação.
Avaliação por portfólio na Pedagogia: desenvolvendo o processo reflexivo nos futuros professores
Authors: Popp Bárbara
Published: April 2017

O uso de portfólio tem sido frequentemente incentivado como um instrumento para estimular o pensamento reflexivo, embora poucos estudos tenham examinado o uso de portfólios como forma de avaliação em cursos superiores de formação de professores. Este trabalho discute a experiência de usar o portfólio como forma de avaliação em dois grupos de estudantes em um curso de Pedagogia, em uma instituição de Ensino Superior em São Paulo, durante o primeiro semestre de 2015, na disciplina Alfabetização e Letramento. O uso de portfólio como forma de avaliação de alunos de curso de Pedagogia foi motivado pela necessidade de desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação reflexiva, que permitam ao estudante uma autoavaliação reflexiva sobre suas habilidades práticas, mais importante ainda no caso de professores alfabetizadores. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível e desejável o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de avaliação reflexiva para estudantes universitários, que precisam desenvolver um processo reflexivo de sua prática profissional e permita aos alunos se tornarem conscientes do seu processo de aprendizagem e uma forma concreta de valorizar seu próprio trabalho.
Association Between Use of Long-Acting Nitrates and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lim Shir Lynn , Benson Lina , Dahlström Ulf , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lund Lars H.
Published: April 2017

Background—

Nitrates may be beneficial in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) by enhancing cGMP signaling and improving hemodynamics, but real-world data on potential efficacy are lacking.

Methods and Results—

We linked the Swedish Heart Failure Registry to national registries with
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
comorbidity diagnoses and demographic and socioeconomic data. In HFpEF, defined as left ventricular ejection fraction ≥40%, we derived propensity scores for nitrate use using 52 baseline variables. The association between nitrate use and all-cause mortality and the composite of all-cause mortality or first heart failure hospitalization was assessed in a cohort matched 2:1 untreated to treated based on age and propensity score. In the overall HFpEF cohort (n=19 047; mean [SD] age, 76 [12] years; 46% women), nitrates were used in 17%, and the crude 1-year survival for treated versus untreated patients was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78%–80%) versus 84% (95% CI, 83%–84%) respectively; hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.40–1.56;
P
<0.001) during a median 755-day follow-up. Matching yielded 2235 treated versus 4470 untreated patients, with 1-year survival of 80% (95% CI, 78%–82%) versus 79% (95% CI, 78%–81%) and hazard ratio of 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98–1.15;
P
=0.12). Nitrates were associated with worse composite outcome in the matched HFpEF cohort, with 1-year event-free survival of 62% (95% CI, 60%–64%) versus 65% (95% CI, 63%–66%) and hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04–1.18;
P
=0.003). These patterns were reproduced in several consistency analyses.

Conclusions—

In HFpEF, the use of nitrates was not associated with improvements in all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization.
Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection
Authors: Juneau Daniel , Golfam Mohammad , Hazra Samir , Zuckier Lionel S. , Garas Shady , Redpath Calum , Bernick Jordan , Leung Eugene , Chih Sharon , Wells George , Beanlands Rob S.B. , Chow Benjamin J.W.
Published: April 2017

Background—

The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is increasing, and their associated infections result in significant morbidity and mortality. The introduction of better cardiac imaging techniques could be useful for diagnosing this condition and guiding therapy. Our objective was to systematically assess the diagnostic accuracy of Fluor-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography

, labeled leukocyte scintigraphy (LS), and Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy for the diagnosis of CIED infection.

Methods and Results—

A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis on the use of all 3 modalities in CIED infection were conducted. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic curves of each imaging modalities were determined. The literature search identified 2493 articles. A total of 13 articles (11 studies for
18
F-FDG PET-CT and 2 for LS), met the inclusion criteria. No studies for
67
Ga citrate scintigraphy met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of
18
F-FDG PET-CT for the diagnosis of CIED infection was 87% (95% CI, 82%–91%) and pooled specificity was 94% (95% CI, 88%–98%). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated good overall accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.935. There were insufficient data to do a meta-analysis for LS, but both studies reported sensitivity above 90% and specificity of 100%.

Conclusions—

Both
18
F-FDG PET-CT and LS yield high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, and thus seem to be useful for the diagnosis of CIED infection, based on robust data for
18
F-FDG PET-CT but limited data for LS. When available,
18
F-FDG PET-CT may be preferred.
Ischemic Cerebroprotection Conferred by Myeloid Lineage-Restricted or Global CD39 Transgene Expression
Authors: Baek Amy E. , Sutton Nadia R. , Petrovic-Djergovic Danica , Liao Hui , Ray Jessica J. , Park Joan , Kanthi Yogendra , Pinsky David J.
Published: April 2017

Background:

Cerebral tissue damage after an ischemic event can be exacerbated by inflammation and thrombosis. Elevated extracellular ATP and ADP levels are associated with cellular injury, inflammation, and thrombosis. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), an enzyme expressed on the plasmalemma of leukocytes and endothelial cells, suppresses platelet activation and leukocyte infiltration by phosphohydrolyzing ATP/ADP. To investigate the effects of increased CD39 in an in vivo cerebral ischemia model, we developed a transgenic mouse expressing human CD39 (hCD39).

Methods:

A floxed-stop sequence was inserted between the promoter and the hCD39 transcriptional start site, generating a mouse in which the expression of hCD39 can be controlled tissue-specifically using Cre recombinase mice. We generated mice that express hCD39 globally or in myeloid-lineage cells only. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct volumes were quantified by MRI after 48 hours.

Results:

Both global and transgenic hCD39- and myeloid lineage CD39-overexpressing mice (transgenic, n=9; myeloid lineage, n=6) demonstrated significantly smaller cerebral infarct volumes compared with wild-type mice. Leukocytes from ischemic and contralateral hemispheres were analyzed by flow cytometry. Although contralateral hemispheres had equal numbers of macrophages and neutrophils, ischemic hemispheres from transgenic mice had less infiltration (n=4). Transgenic mice showed less neurological deficit compared with wild-type mice (n=6).

Conclusions:

This is the first report of transgenic overexpression of CD39 in mice imparting a protective phenotype after stroke, with reduced leukocyte infiltration, smaller infarct volumes, and decreased neurological deficit. CD39 overexpression, either globally or in myeloid lineage cells, quenches postischemic leukosequestration and reduces stroke-induced neurological injury.
Circulating microRNAs: Potential Markers of Cardiotoxicity in Children and Young Adults Treated With Anthracycline Chemotherapy
Authors: Leger Kasey J. , Leonard David , Nielson Danelle , de Lemos James A. , Mammen Pradeep P.A. , Winick Naomi J.
Published: April 2017

Background

Biomarkers for early detection of anthracycline (AC)‐induced cardiotoxicity may allow cardioprotective intervention before irreversible damage. Circulating micro
RNA
s (mi
RNAs
) are promising biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, however, have not been studied in the setting of AC‐induced cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to identify AC‐induced alterations in plasma mi
RNA
expression in children and correlate expression with markers of cardiac injury.

Methods and Results

Candidate plasma profiling of 24 mi
RNA
s was performed in 33 children before and after a cycle of AC (n=24) or noncardiotoxic chemotherapy (n=9). Relative mi
RNA
changes between the pre‐ and postcycle time points (6, 12, and 24 hours) were determined within each treatment group and compared across groups. Plasma mi
RNA
expression patterns were further explored with respect to AC dose and high‐sensitivity troponin T. Greater chemotherapy‐induced dysregulation was observed in this panel of candidate, cardiac‐related plasma mi
RNA
s in patients receiving anthracyclines compared with those receiving noncardiotoxic chemotherapy (24‐hour
MANOVA
;
P
=0.024). Specifically, plasma miRs‐29b and ‐499 were upregulated 6 to 24 hours post‐AC, and their postchemotherapy expression significantly correlated with AC dose. Patients with acute cardiomyocyte injury (high‐sensitivity troponin T increase ≥5 ng/L from baseline) demonstrated higher expression of miR‐29b and miR‐499 post‐AC compared with those without.

Conclusions

In this pilot study, cardiac‐related plasma mi
RNA
s are dysregulated following ACs. Plasma miR‐29b and ‐499 are acutely elevated post‐AC, with dose response relationships observed with anthracycline dose and markers of cardiac injury. Further evaluation of mi
RNA
s may provide mechanistic insight into AC‐induced cardiotoxicity and yield biomarkers to facilitate earlier intervention to mitigate cardiotoxicity.
Islamophobia: The Bigger Picture
Authors: Opratko Benjamin
Published: April 2017

This article maps the emergent field of Islamophobia Studies through a discussion of recently published monographs, representing the broad spectrum of theoretical and analytical approaches to the phenomenon. Strengths and deficiencies in recent works of Nathan Lean, Deepa Kumar, Chris Allen, David Tyrer and Anne Norton are discussed. I argue that in different ways, a more thorough engagement with critical and Marxist theories of racism could contribute to a more accurate understanding of the phenomenon. This, however, is predicated on recognising and theorising Islamophobia as racism – albeit one ‘without races’ – and a discussion about its differences from and similarities to other kinds of racism.
Human Rights at the International Criminal Court: Testing the Limits of Judicial Discretion
Authors: Aksenova Marina
Published: April 2017

The future of the International Criminal Court (icc) is uncertain. The system established by the Rome Statute of the icc ensures that priority is given to domestic prosecutions, while at the same time, it imbues international values into national systems. The approach of the Court to the rights of the accused and victims’ rights poses challenges. In the Al Senussi complementarity decision, the icc refused to act as a human rights court and rendered the case inadmissible, notwithstanding the death penalty threatening the accused if tried in Libya. Does the same reasoning hold true in other circumstances? The article explores the relationship between human rights law and international criminal law with specific reference to the principle of complementarity and argues that judicial discretion is central in the assessment of the degree of human rights protection at the icc.
Disentangling ‘Effective Control’ Test for the Purpose of Attribution of the Conduct of un Peacekeepers to the States and the United Nations
Authors: Perova Natalia
Published: April 2017

Despite the efforts of the United Nations (un), the world continues to hear news about un peacekeepers committing crimes in the state where they are deployed. One of the reasons is that the responsibility of the troop-contributing states for the conduct of their peacekeepers is not sufficiently recognised. In order to address the issue, this article advocates for ‘effective control’ to be interpreted as a material ability of a national contingent commander (for troop-contributing states) or un Force Commander (for the un) to prevent particular conduct (criminal act). Although representing a minority of academic views, this approach derives from superior responsibility, the International Court of Justice’s jurisprudence, is supported by the International Law Commission and in line with the un’s position and practice. Following this interpretation, the article concludes that in many instances unlawful conduct of peacekeepers will be attributed to the troop-contributing states and not only to the un.
Four new species of Callibaetis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), nymphal description of Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) fasciatus (Pictet) and keys for South American species of Callibaetis
Authors: CRUZ PAULO VILELA , SALLES FREDERICO FALCÃO , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: April 2017

The first phylogenetic study of Callibaetis Eaton indicated an unrevealed diversity in this genus, including four new species named as Callibaetis sp. A, B, C and D, and the undescribed nymph of Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) fasciatus (Pictet). Given that neither the nymph of C. (Ab.) fasciatus nor the four new species received a proper description, the objective of this study is to describe them. The nymph of C. (Ab.) fasciatus differs from the others species in the subgenus by the presence of one row of setae on basal part of inner-dorsal row of maxilla and metanotum without spines; Callibaetis sp. A is described as Callibaetis (Abaetetuba) cochlea sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by having trapezoid segment III of labial palp in nymphs; Callibaetis sp. B is described as Callibaetis (Aiso) calophenigyn sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by the absence of stout setae on dorsal surface of glossa in nymphs, and from the others species in the genus by the forewing with red C and Sc areas in female imago; Callibaetis sp. D is described as Callibaetis (Callibaetis) molinerii sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus, from South America, by the maxilla with tuft of stout setae on outer margin proximad of palp insertion and paraglossa without row of stout setae on ventral surface; Callibaetis sp. C is described as Callibaetis (Cunhaporanga) imperator sp. nov. and differs from the others species in the subgenus by the presence of a complete row of setae on outer margin of maxilla. Additionally, new keys for species of Callibaetis from South America are proposed.
D’Annunzio, Bernini, and the Baroque prelude of Il Piacere
Authors: Cottini Luca
Published: April 2017

This essay investigates the early rediscovery of Bernini and the Roman Baroque in D’Annunzio’s Il piacere. Starting from the analysis of the few explicit textual references and the many implicit allusions to the Baroque artist in the novel, the present study documents Bernini’s impact on Sperelli’s persona, poetic method, and artistic projects. At the same time, based on the protagonist’s radical re-evaluation of Bernini—after two centuries of critical dismissal—this article also sheds light on the deep and substantial relationship connecting the Roman Baroque and D’Annunzio’s aesthetics. The rediscovered culture of the 17th century indeed constitutes not only a key element in Il piacere, but also an important poetic prelude for D’Annunzio’s hoped-for renaissance of the arts, and for the scholarly re-appreciation of the genius of Bernini (from Riegl to Wittkower). In light of the later success of dannunzianesimo, the novel’s Baroque vein can also be read as the first historical spark of the fervent Italian debate known as the questione barocca.
Fundamental Motor Skill Proficiency of 6- to 9-Year-Old Singaporean Children
Authors: Mukherjee Swarup , Ting Jamie Lye Ching , Fong Leong Hin
Published: April 2017

Fundamental movement proficiency (FMS) is most successfully acquired during early school years. This cross-sectional study assessed FMS proficiency in Singaporean children at the start of and following 2.5 years of primary school physical education (PE). Participants were 244 children from Primary 1 and 3 levels. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) were assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development–Second Edition (TGMD-2) that includes locomotor (LOCO) and object control (OC) subtests. Most children were rated “average” and “below average” for LOCO skills but “poor” and “below average” for OC skills without significant gender differences on either subtest or overall FMS proficiency and without FMS mastery. These young Singaporean children failed to exhibit age-appropriate FMS proficiency despite early PE exposure, and they demonstrated lags in FMS compared with the TGMD-2 U.S. normative sample. We discuss implications for sports competence perception, difficulty in coping with later movement learning expectations and reduced later motivation to participate in PE and play. We also discuss implications for preschool and lower primary school PE curricula with a particular focus on both OC skills and LOCO skills requiring muscular fitness like hopping and jumping.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Codes in Morbidity and Mortality Data Sources for Heat-Related Illness Surveillance
Authors: Harduar Morano Laurel , Watkins Sharon
Published: April 2017

Objectives:

The primary objective of this study was to identify patients with heat-related illness (HRI) using codes for heat-related injury diagnosis and external cause of injury in 3 administrative data sets: emergency department (ED) visit records, hospital discharge records, and death certificates.

Methods:

We obtained data on ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths for Florida residents for May 1 through October 31, 2005-2012. To identify patients with HRI, we used codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM) to search data on ED visits and hospitalizations and codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision ( ICD-10) to search data on deaths. We stratified the results by data source and whether the HRI was work related.

Results:

We identified 23 981 ED visits, 4816 hospitalizations, and 140 deaths in patients with non–work-related HRI and 2979 ED visits, 415 hospitalizations, and 23 deaths in patients with work-related HRI. The most common diagnosis codes among patients were for severe HRI (heat exhaustion or heatstroke). The proportion of patients with a severe HRI diagnosis increased with data source severity. If ICD-9-CM code E900.1 and ICD-10 code W92 (excessive heat of man-made origin) were used as exclusion criteria for HRI, 5.0% of patients with non–work-related deaths, 3.0% of patients with work-related ED visits, and 1.7% of patients with work-related hospitalizations would have been removed.

Conclusions:

Using multiple data sources and all diagnosis fields may improve the sensitivity of HRI surveillance. Future studies should evaluate the impact of converting ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM codes on HRI surveillance of ED visits and hospitalizations.
Inculturation for mission: The transformation of the French Notre-Dame des Victoires into Our Lady of La Vang in Vietnam 1998
Authors: Thao Nguyen SJ
Published: April 2017

The article discusses the indigenization of the French Notre-Dame des Victoires into Our Lady of La Vang in Vietnam in 1998. It argues that the La Vang project was a missionary strategy employed by the church to engage in mission through dialogue with Vietnamese culture and religions in a postcolonial period. The article also demonstrates that because Vietnamese Catholics and Buddhists share their common practices and experience spiritual transformation through devotion to Mary and Guan-yin (the Buddhist female Bodhisattva), interreligious dialogue between Vietnamese Buddhists and Catholics will become more fruitful, given the discovery of significant commonalities between the two traditions. In addition, the transformation of the French Notre-Dame des Victoires into the image of a Vietnamese woman helps the Church rediscover Vietnamese cultural roots through which a contextual theology for the Vietnamese needs to be constructed and developed.
The familial language debate: Understanding a complex issue through the lenses of theology and anthropology
Authors: Norris Johnathan
Published: April 2017

This article will explore the controversy surrounding translating the familial terms Son of God and Father in Muslim contexts. Specifically, this analysis will use the lenses of biblical and systematic theology as well as cultural and linguistic anthropology to understand the debate holistically, instead of viewing the debate through a single discipline. Each discipline will be explored separately and sympathetically. The insights gained from these disciplines will be brought into a concluding synthesis, which I hope sheds more light on the familial terms debate.
A rapid tool for emission outlet concentration simulation of scrubber and make-up air unit at different inlet concentrations
Authors: Kuo Chi-Wen , Chuang Tzu-Sou , Chang Luh-Maan
Published: April 2017

Currently in the cleanroom-related industries, both the air quality of indoors intake and outdoors emission should be controlled at a certain level. Wet scrubbers and air washers are the main facilities to clean up air for the process required. However, previous studies have found that these devices typically have lower removal efficiency for low inlet concentration contaminations; little information is available to explain the efficiency deterioration and only on the empirical basis. A theoretical model is proposed, which applies Fick’s second law to derive a rapid efficiency simulating formula. This model is different from the empirical equations of former studies, and is able to describe the relationship between the inlet concentration and removal efficiency of the air washing facilities. Moreover, the calculation time of the nonlinear recurrence equation is effectively lessened by the Euler equation and proven to be practical and concise for the rapid efficiency determination. Confirmation of the simulation formula was conducted by using the experimental data from the previous studies of the wet scrubber and in situ historical record of a make-up air unit. In this article, we describe how an outlet concentration and removal efficiency can be predicted using a generic simulating formula, leading to better design with less effort. The proposed model and equation minimize the design complexity and help to optimize the sizing and operational control of the air washing facilities. This not only decreases the construction and operating costs, but also lead to better energy usage.

Practical application: Engineers can use the output of this paper to optimize air washer facility designs instead of intuitively extending the rinsing duration or enlarging the scale of the equipment. The model can be applied to both residential and industrial air washers to predict the efficiency and evaluate the performance. It also allows the quantitative analysis and risk assessment of an abrupt air washer breakdown in the clean manufacturing industries.