bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Biochars against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum and their Impact on Growth Parameters of Cucumber in Pot Condition
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Meena N. L. , Panwar N. L.
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the efficacy of biochars prepared from different plant parts against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum causing root and stem rot of cucumber. Three types of raw materials were used to prepare the biochars (Eucalyptus wood, citrus wood, and greenhouse waste). The prepared biochar was collected and filled into pots at four concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% W/W). All biochars were effective in reducing the incidence of the disease up to 3% concentration with minimum mortality (4.17%) obtained with Eucalyptus wood (EW) + Citrus wood (CW) + Greenhouse waste (GHW). The biochars also positively influenced the plant growth parameters like seed germination, root length, and shoot length. Maximum shoot length 7.73 cm and root length 12.10 cm was observed with 3% Eucalyptus wood (EW) + Citrus wood (CW) + Greenhouse waste (GHW) biochar treated seeds.
Recent Development and Review on Botanicals from Plants to Stored Grains
Authors: Chugh Priya , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mishra Suraj , Khan Anam , Hazarika Sanjay , Haokip Songthat William , Nengparmoi Th.
Published: August 2023

There have been numerous reports of insect infestations being connected to grains that have been stored. Almost all species multiply at astonishingly fast rates and may even reproduce sexually. About 10-15% of the grain is destroyed, and the remaining portion is tainted with unpleasant smells and scents. Beetles (Callosobrunchus sp., Trogoderma granarium, and Tribolium confusum), weevils (Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius, etc.), moths (Corcyra cephalonica), rats, and weevils are the main pests of stored grains. Botanical extracts have antifeedant and arrestant properties, kill and repel pests, and have an impact on insect growth and development. The indiscriminate and ongoing use of pesticides has resulted in the accumulation of hazardous residues on food grains used for human consumption as well as the emergence of resistant breeds of pests.

Recently, attention has been focused on using plant products as a novel strategy for protecting grains in many parts of the world. The bioactivity of plant derivatives against several pests found in storage has already been reported in numerous scientific literature. Because of their generally safe antimicrobial properties, higher plants like neem have also been utilized as antibacterials against storage pests.

People have utilized a variety of herbs and spices (such as turmeric, garlic, and cloves, among others) to manage storage pests. Plant-based products might be able to address issues with synthetic pesticides like resistance, cost, availability, and health hazards. More study is required to determine the effectiveness of biocontrol and the practical applicability of botanical insecticides. It is important to do biosafety studies to determine how dangerous they are to people, animals, and crop plants.

As different insect life stages cause financial harm and degrade the quality of food grains and food products, infestation of stored grains is a highly important issue.

Due to unmanaged environmental conditions and subpar warehousing technologies, numerous stored grain insect pests infest food grains in farmer stores and public warehouses. However, very specific and more suitable current measures should be applied to control the expanding insect population.

Since the beginning of time, botanicals have been employed to protect stored goods from prevalent pests. By acting as chemosterilants or insect growth and development inhibitors, they operate as repellents, anti feedants, toxicants, and natural grain protectants.
Synthesis of Mono and Bis-Substituted Compounds 1-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) Carbonohydrazide and 1, 5-bis(2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde) Carbohydrazone: Study Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Fall Alioune , Fall Ndiouga , Seck Thierno Moussa , Thiam Ibrahima Elhadj , Diouf Ousmane , Gaye Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The unsymmetric monocarbonohydrazide Schiff base (H5L1) (1) and the symmetric dicarbonohydrazone (H4L2) (2) were prepared from a monocondensation reaction between carbonohydrazide and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, respectively, in 1/1 and 1/2 ratio. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The NMR and FTIR data analysis revealed that compounds (1) and (2) are in the amide form in the solid state as well as in DMSO solution. The molecular structure of each Schiff base compound has been elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound H5L1 (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic system in P21/c space group with cell parameters: a = 17.0790(2) Å, b = 11.07410(10) Å, c = 10.56110(10) Å, b = 106.5730(10) °, V = 1914.49(3) Å3 , Z = 4, R1 = 0.0432, wR2 = 0.1275 . The compound H4L2 (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic system  in C2221 space group with cell parameters; a = 4.5494 (1) Å, b = 12.2213 (2) Å, c = 27.4001 (6) Å, V = 1523.43 (5) Å3 , Z = 4, R1 = 0.039 , wR2 = 0.125 . Both compounds exhibit inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonds which consolidate the structures into three-dimensional networks.
Investigating the Long-Term Cognitive Impairments of Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Okoye Chiugo , Klein Dhadon H. , Mohamoud Iman , Olanisa Olawale O. , Parab Panah , Chaudhary Priti , Mukhtar Sonia , Moradi Ali , Kodali Athri , Khan Safeera
Published: August 2023

Stroke is a major cause of long-term morbidity, a cognitive impairment that affects instrumental activities of daily living and quality of life for survivors and caregivers. It is imperative that patients with the risk of Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are identified early and interventions instituted as soon as possible. This study aims to demystify cognitive domains affected after a stroke, discover features on imaging that suggest the likelihood for the development of PSCI, assess survivors’ quality of life, and examine the impact of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions on Post-stroke Cognitive impairment (PSCI). Using the PRISMA 2020 guideline, three databases were used: PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. 1,773 articles were identified; however, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and other filters, 13 articles were used for this study: 4 being observational studies, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and two narrative literature. The characteristics of each article that passed the quality check were analyzed in tabular form, and the discussion followed afterward. This study found that at three months following a stroke, survivors’ Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) improves. It also sheds more light on the various cognitive assessment tools available and the many nonpharmacologic interventions available to post-stroke victims and caregivers as more investigations are still being carried out to ascertain the usefulness of pharmacological intervention.
Influence of Solvents and Solvent Mixtures on the Content of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Extracts
Authors: Horozić Emir , Huseinović Edina , Mekić Lejla , Kolarević Lamija , Hadžigrahić Azra , Karić Enida , Ibišević Merima
Published: August 2023

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (known as shepherd's purse) is a plant whose parts are used as medicine in herbal medicine. It is applicable as a medicine in the treatment of all forms of internal bleeding, for the treatment of hemorrhoids, excessive menstruation, but also for the usual stopping of nosebleeds. Through this research, the influence of organic solvents and their aqueous mixtures on the efficiency of polyphenol extraction and antioxidant activity was compared. The inhibition of free radicals was tested by the DPPH method, while the FRAP method was used to test the reduction potential. Analyzes have shown that water is the most effective solvent in the isolation of polyphenols from the aerial parts of shepherd's purse. Mixtures of organic solvents with water also showed high efficiency in the extraction of bioactive components, while the weakest results were obtained for extracts prepared in pure organic solvents.
The Nexus between Corporate Financial Ratio and Price Earnings Performance: Evidence from President Election Period in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyono Suham , Fernando Hendri Arya , Primasatya Rieswandha Dio
Published: August 2023

This research aims to obtain an empirical overview of the influence of financial performance on stock prices in situations of political uncertainty in Indonesia. Our sample includes all non-financial public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2019, totalling 1,899 company-years. This study uses fixed-effects regression to test the hypothesis. The researchers found that financial performance positively and negatively affects stock prices. Specifically, we found a negative relationship between financial performance proxied by Return on Equity and Debt to Ratio. In contrast, liquidity, return on Assets, and Net Profit Margin have a negative effect on financial performance. Furthermore, our evidence becomes unique when in conditions of political uncertainty, where more financial performance has a negative impact on stock prices. This study provides practical and theoretical implications to fill gaps in previous literature regarding financial performance and its influence on stock prices.
Ethical Perceptions of Tax Avoidance and Spiritual Balance Dimensions
Authors: Purnamawati I Gusti Ayu , Hock Evan Lau Poh , Yuniarta Gede Adi
Published: August 2023

This research is about tax avoidance viewed from the perspective of gender and business scale in analyzing ethical perceptions. This study was conducted using primary data by collecting questionnaires distributed to small and medium-sized industrial entrepreneurs in the province of Bali. The samples used were 52 female entrepreneurs and 48 male entre­preneurs. A comparison of ethical perceptions of tax avoidance was tested using Wilcoxon. The research shows no significant difference between the ethical perceptions of small and medium entrepreneurs on tax avoidance and the moral perceptions of male and female entrepreneurs. The correct tax policy must convince taxpayers to fulfil their obligations, primarily through a spiritual dimension that can strengthen taxpayers' confidence not to commit moral hazard. This study adopts the concept of Rwa Bhineda because today's world will lead to the black-and-white era referred to as Rwa Bhineda.
Job Satisfaction of Volunteer Firefighters in Daejeon
Authors: Cha Jaehee , Kwak Dae-Hoon , Ko Wangyoul
Published: August 2023

Volunteer firefighters receive regular education or training to allow them to provide a suitable response in case of disasters such as social disasters. However, volunteer firefighters are limited to assisting the work of firefighters but are not involved in active duty. Therefore, this study examines the current status of volunteer firefighters and conducts and analyzes satisfaction surveys through questionnaires. Volunteer firefighters undergo regular education and training. Because they have long-term residence in the region as well as expertise, their services should be actively utilized in the field of disaster prevention and response. Moreover, because the satisfaction level of the convocation allowance is low, it is necessary to make the recruitment allowance realistic. The ratio of personnel working in firefighting and technology-related fields is low; thus, it is necessary to expand and allocate practical firefighting-related subjects during education and training. Through this, it is judged that the satisfaction of volunteer firefighters can be increased and the organization can be actively utilized in the case of a disaster to provide more help to the country and the people.
Safety Evaluation of Movable Weirs for Drainage of Underflow Water
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Bang GeonHyeok , Heo Gwanghee , Choi Beom Gyun , Lee Yujae
Published: August 2023

Korea topography accounts for 70% of the country's land area. A plan to secure water resources considering this characteristic is to utilize small-scale reservoirs using movable weirs. In this study, we aim to develop a movable weir that can discharge water from the bottom of the reservoir and evaluate the structural safety of the movable weir that can discharge water to the bottom layer; the safety of the movable weir is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the results of each other. The movable information used in this study was classified into two types (water body and bottom discharge sluice gate) according to usability and the installation location. First, the design of the hydrological body and lower discharge hydrological gate were simplified, and the simplification was evaluated by calculating stress, sagging, and twisting. Tensile, compression, and shear stresses were calculated by conducting FEM analysis by applying variables to the elements of the standing angle to the hydrological body and lower discharge hydrological gate where the simplification work was completed. In the case of the hydrological body, the variables of the standing angle were classified into and analyzed. In the case of the lower discharge hydrological gate, the variables of the rotating link axis were classified into 20 mm, 22 mm, 24 mm, and 26 mm in thickness and analyzed. Determining safety by classifying mobile beams capable of discharging low-rise water into moisture bodies and lower discharge sluices confirmed that the components of mobile beams under a given condition did not exceed allowable stress.
Study of the Combustion Characteristics and Flame Retardant Assessment of Windows in Buildings
Authors: Kang Kyeongsin , Chae Seungun , You Jisun
Published: August 2023

With the increasing size and density of domestic buildings, the spread of fire from one building to adjacent ones has become a significant concern, leading to greater fire damage. The openings in these buildings have been identified as the main cause of horizontal and vertical fire diffusion, as flames repeatedly enter adjacent compartments. In this study, we focused on buildings with a high fire risk by conducting a fire risk assessment of existing structures. Commercial facilities (such as accommodation facilities) and industrial facilities (including warehouses and factories) were classified as buildings with a relatively high risk. We specifically selected PVC and AL windows, which are commonly used in buildings, to evaluate the risk of fire spread based on flame retardant assessment. However, during a fire, the exposed cross-section and quality of windows differ, making it inappropriate to evaluate their fire risk using the currently regulated flame retardant assessment test. Therefore, there is a need to establish methods and standards for flame retardant assessment tests that are specifically designed for windows.
Optimizing Kinetics for Enhanced Potassium‐Ion Storage in Carbon‐Based Anodes
Authors: Yang Keke , Zhou Wang , Fu Qingfeng , Xiao Lili , Mo Ying , Ke Jinlong , Shen Wenzhuo , Wang Zhiyong , Tu Jian , Chen Shi , Gao Peng , Liu Jilei
Published: August 2023

The sluggish kinetics in traditional graphite anode greatly limits its fast‐charging capability, which is critically important for commercialization of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Hard carbon possesses randomly oriented pseudo‐graphitic crystallites, enabling homogeneous reaction current and superior rate performance. Herein, a series of hybrid anodes with different hard carbon/graphite ratios are prepared by uniformly mixing graphite and hard carbon with ball‐milling. Comprehensive experimental results in combination phase‐field simulations reveal that the hybrid anode possesses a homogeneous reaction current and an intriguing potential difference between K+‐adsorbed hard carbon and non‐potassiated graphite. The homogeneous reaction current in the hybrid anode promotes sufficient utilization of electrode material, leading to an increase in the reversible capacity. The present potential difference between K+‐adsorbed hard carbon and non‐potassiated graphite provides an additional electric field force that facilitates the diffusion of K+ from hard carbon into the nearest neighbor graphite. All these together, emphasize the synergistic effects between hard carbon and graphite in hybrid anodes toward satisfactory rate and cycling performance. The hybrid strategy proposed here is compatible with the commercial battery manufacturing, offering a practical pathway for the development of high‐performance PIBs.
Cascade Catalytic Nanoparticles Selectively Alkalize Cancerous Lysosomes to Suppress Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Pan Limin , Peng Haibao , Lee Bowon , Zhao Jiaxu , Shen Xiulian , Yan Ximei , Hua Yipeng , Kim Jeonghyun , Kim Dokyoon , Lin Mouhong , Zhang Shengjian , Li Xiaohui , Yi Xueying , Yao Feibai , Qin Zhiyong , Du Jiulin , Chi Yudan , Nam Jwa‐Min , Hyeon Taeghwan , Liu Jianan
Published: August 2023

Lysosomes are critical in modulating the progression and metastasis for various cancers. There is currently an unmet need for lysosomal alkalizers that can selectively and safely alter the pH and inhibit the function of cancer lysosomes. Here an effective, selective, and safe lysosomal alkalizer is reported that can inhibit autophagy and suppress tumors in mice. The lysosomal alkalizer consists of an iron oxide core that generates hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in the presence of excessive H+ and hydrogen peroxide inside cancer lysosomes and cerium oxide satellites that capture and convert •OH into hydroxide ions. Alkalized lysosomes, which display impaired enzyme activity and autophagy, lead to cancer cell apoptosis. It is shown that the alkalizer effectively inhibits both local and systemic tumor growth and metastasis in mice. This work demonstrates that the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles can be harnessed to build effective lysosomal alkalizers that are both selective and safe.
Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Using Superaerophobic Ni Nanoarrays with Accelerated H2 Bubble Release
Authors: Kim Jaerim , Jung Sang‐Mun , Lee Noho , Kim Kyu‐Su , Kim Yong‐Tae , Kim Jong Kyu
Published: August 2023

Despite the adverse effects of H2 bubbles adhering to catalyst's surface on the performance of water electrolysis, the mechanisms by which H2 bubbles are effectively released during the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remain elusive. In this study, a systematic investigation on the effect of nanoscale surface morphologies on H2 bubble release behaviors and HER performance by employing earth‐abundant Ni catalysts consisting of an array of Ni nanorods (NRs) with controlled surface porosities is performed. Both aerophobicity and hydrophilicity of the catalyst's surface vary according to the surface porosity of catalysts. The Ni catalyst with the highest porosity of ≈52% exhibits superaerophobic nature as well as the best HER performance among the Ni catalysts. It is found that the Ni catalyst's superaerophobicity combined with the effective open pore channels enables the accelerated release of H2 bubbles from the surface, leading to a significant improvement in geometric activities, particularly at high current densities, as well as intrinsic activities including both specific and mass activities. It is also demonstrated that the superaerophobicity enabled by highly porous Ni NRs can be combined with Pt and Cr having optimal binding abilities to further optimize electrocatalytic performance.
Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triads with Flexible Spacers: Deciphering Complex Photophysics for Targeted Materials Design
Authors: Feng Siyang , Wang Liangxuan , Milián‐Medina Begoña , Meixner Alfred J. , Kwon Min Sang , Park Soo Young , Wannemacher Reinhold , Gierschner Johannes
Published: August 2023

The complex photokinetics of donor–acceptor–donor triads with varying flexible spacer lengths (n = 4–10 carbon atoms) are investigated in liquid and solid solution, as well as in crystals, by steady‐state and transient fluorescence spectroscopy combined with computational studies. For the short spacer (n = 4) in a liquid solution, dynamic charge‐transfer (CT) state formation with subsequent, efficient exciplex emission is observed, effectively competing with quenching through electron transfer (eT) via a radical ion pair. In a solid solution, a fluorescent CT static complex is formed upon freezing for all spacer lengths. This allows the observations of a former seminal report on stimuli‐responsive high‐contrast fluorescence on/off switching in films of the triads to be reassigned (Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5487), now providing a holistic picture on varying spacer length. In fact, external stimuli of the film by modulating the geometry of the CT complex, which results in on/off fluorescence switching (for n > 4) or in a change of the emission color (n = 4). The work thus demonstrates how in‐depth analysis of complex photophysics can be put to practical use in materials science.
Highly Stable, Flexible ISFET pH Sensor Using Sorted Semiconducting SWNTs in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Asai Mitsuo , Honda Satoko , Isshiki Nobuyuki , Takesue Masahumi , Hiraishi Atsushi , Yamada Mayu , Takei Kuniharu
Published: August 2023

Flexible sensors enable the gathering of information from nonplanar surfaces, which facilitates huge data collection tasks. Monitoring of pH levels in industrial wastewater is one example. For this purpose, stable, reliable flexible pH sensors are required to monitor pH in pipes or containers. Carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (CNT‐FETs) are attractive transducers for flexible sensors because of their multiple functionalities, such as good electrical properties and mechanical flexibility. However, semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWNTs) must be separated from metallic SWNTs of high purity for channel materials to be used in CNT‐FETs. Herein, a simple method to sort s‐SWNTs in an aqueous system using only dispersion and centrifugation is developed. This sorting method is much less expensive than other techniques, such as density gradient ultracentrifugation, agarose‐gel chromatography, or selective sorting by conjugated polymers. These sorted s‐SWNTs result in high‐performance CNT‐FETs with electrical hysteresis reduced to almost zero and improved bias stability. This method demonstrates the importance of the solubility parameter between polymers and water for CNT‐FET hysteresis. The resulting carbon nanotubes also have high uniformity of characteristics, making them valuable as transducers for flexible sensors. Furthermore, real‐time pH monitoring using ion‐sensitive, field‐effect transistors (ISFETs) based on CNT‐FET is demonstrated.
Visible Light Induced EDA‐mediated Deaminative C‐2 Alkylation of Heterocyclic‐N‐Oxides using Katritzky salts
Authors: Singh Nihal , Sharma Shivani , Sharma Anuj
Published: August 2023

Herein, a direct C‐2 alkylation of Heterocyclic‐N‐oxides with alkyl amines as Katritzky salts via visible‐light induced deaminative approach was developed. Mechanistic studies revealed that Katritzky salts and base were involved to generate an EDA complex, which underwent intermolecular single electron transfer (SET) to give an alkyl radical intermediate. Finally, the alkyl radical intermediate further underwent‐addition with heterocyclic‐N‐oxide substrates to access the desired products with 63–94% yield. The method worked well with quinoline‐N‐oxides, pyridine‐N‐oxides, and benzopyrazine‐N‐oxides.
Enhanced Long‐Term Memory Properties of ZnO Nanoparticle‐Based Optical Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Oh Jae-Hyeok , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Young‐Hyeun , Kim Kyoung-Kook , Lee Sung-Nam
Published: August 2023

The enhancement of long‐term memory properties in optical synaptic devices based on ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is investigated. High‐temperature annealing improves crystal quality and carrier mobility, leading to efficient carrier generation and transport. The annealed ZnO NPs exhibit increased band edge luminescence and reduced deep‐level emission. Their larger surface grain size decreases oxygen adsorption, resulting in enhanced desorption by photoexcited carriers during UV exposure. The annealed devices show higher excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and slower decay rates after UV termination, indicating better long‐term memory. They also demonstrate accelerated learning processes with fewer pulse cycles required to reach 100% EPSC. Overall, this research highlights the significance of high‐temperature annealing for improving long‐term memory in ZnO NP‐based optical synaptic devices, offering insights for advanced memory devices.
An S=1 Iron(IV) Intermediate Revealed in a Non‐Heme Iron Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−S Bond Formation
Authors: Paris Jared C. , Hu Sha , Wen Aiwen , Weitz Andrew C. , Cheng Ronghai , Gee Leland B. , Tang Yijie , Kim Hyomin , Vegas Arturo , Chang Wei‐chen , Elliott Sean J. , Liu Pinghua , Guo Yisong
Published: August 2023

Ergothioneine (ESH) and ovothiol A (OSHA) are two natural thiol‐histidine derivatives. ESH has been implicated as a longevity vitamin and OSHA inhibits the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma. The key biosynthetic step of ESH and OSHA in the aerobic pathways is the O2‐dependent C−S bond formation catalyzed by non‐heme iron enzymes (e.g., OvoA in ovothiol biosynthesis), but due to the lack of identification of key reactive intermediate the mechanism of this novel reaction is unresolved. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a kinetically competent S=1 iron(IV) intermediate supported by a four‐histidine ligand environment (three from the protein residues and one from the substrate) in enabling C−S bond formation in OvoA from Methyloversatilis thermotoleran, which represents the first experimentally observed intermediate spin iron(IV) species in non‐heme iron enzymes. Results reported in this study thus set the stage to further dissect the mechanism of enzymatic oxidative C−S bond formation in the OSHA biosynthesis pathway. They also afford new opportunities to study the structure‐function relationship of high‐valent iron intermediates supported by a histidine rich ligand environment.
Polydopamine surface modified Ti3C2Tx/PLA biocomposites with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties
Authors: Khan Fazal Maula , Sun Mingchen , Liu Zhiwei , Li Guanlong , Bhagat Waheed Ali , Wang Kai , Zhao Yan
Published: August 2023

The industry desires to create robust, resilient, thermally stable, and environmentally friendly composites. In this study, we created a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composite via a straightforward method. The Ti3C2TX was surface‐coated with polydopamine (PDA) via a bioinspired approach and was then reinforced in the PLA using melt blending. The PDA layer adorned on the Ti3C2TX provided several functional groups for the MXene nanosheets and strengthened the PLA‐MXene interaction by hydrogen bonding. The well‐dispersed PDA@Ti3C2TX in the PLA improved mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. For PLA/PDA@Ti3C2TX‐1, the tensile strength and elongation at the break of the nano‐composite were 9.03% and 25.5% higher than pure PLA, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus were increased by 49.5% over pure PLA, reaching 148.8 and 6702 MPa, respectively. The nanocomposite toughness increased by up to 53.3%. The nanocomposites had 3.8% and 49.08% lower friction coefficient and specific wear rate, respectively, than pure PLA. The addition of Ti3C2TX and PDA@Ti3C2TX increased the thermal stability of PLA at lower temperatures and promoted carbonization. PLA/PDA@Ti3C2TX‐1 showed the maximum char yield of 10 wt.% at 800°C, proving the highest thermal barrier effect due to MXene exfoliation during PDA and increased PLA dispersion state.
Factors influencing the mobility control ability of diutan gum‐enhanced foam in porous media
Authors: Lai Nanjun , Wang Zhouxin , Wang Junqi , Guan Xiaoxu , Tang Lei , Xian Xiaokang
Published: August 2023

Diutan gum (DG) is an anionic polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 53159. The DG‐enhanced foam (DGEF) formed by the DG and foam has great application potential in enhanced oil recovery. In this research, the influence of injection parameters on DGEF was studied by conducting orthogonal experiment, with residual resistance coefficient (Rff) as the main evaluation index. The micro‐state of the foam was observed using an etching model and scanning electron microscope. The mechanism of different factors on the mobility control ability of the foam was discussed based on the apparent viscosity and surfactant depletion. The results show that the Rff of foam is correlated with the apparent viscosity, and the foam with high apparent viscosity had a good flow control ability. The calculation of the surfactant depletion shows that the bubble stability decreased significantly when the concentration of Sodium alpha‐olefin sulfonate (AOS) cannot meet the minimum stabilization concentration, thus weakening the mobility control ability. Based on the study of crude oils, the presence of oil phase will seriously weaken the mobility control ability of DGEF, but the effect of oil with higher content of resin and asphaltene will be relatively weak.
RootBot: High‐throughput root stress phenotyping robot
Authors: Ruppel Mia , Nelson Sven K. , Sidberry Grace , Mitchell Madison , Kick Daniel , Thomas Shawn K. , Guill Katherine E. , Oliver Melvin J. , Washburn Jacob D.
Published: August 2023

Premise

Higher temperatures across the globe are causing an increase in the frequency and severity of droughts. In agricultural crops, this results in reduced yields, financial losses, and increased food costs at the supermarket. Root growth maintenance in drying soils plays a major role in a plant's ability to survive and perform under drought, but phenotyping root growth is extremely difficult due to roots being under the soil.

Methods and Results

RootBot is an automated high‐throughput phenotyping robot that eliminates many of the difficulties and reduces the time required for performing drought‐stress studies on primary roots. RootBot simulates root growth conditions using transparent plates to create a gap that is filled with soil and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to simulate low soil moisture. RootBot has a gantry system with vertical slots to hold the transparent plates, which theoretically allows for evaluating more than 50 plates at a time. Software pipelines were also co‐opted, developed, tested, and extensively refined for running the RootBot imaging process, storing and organizing the images, and analyzing and extracting data.

Conclusions

The RootBot platform and the lessons learned from its design and testing represent a valuable resource for better understanding drought tolerance mechanisms in roots, as well as for identifying breeding and genetic engineering targets for crop plants.
Indefinite LQ optimal control for stochastic Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system under sensor data scheduling: Finite‐horizon case
Authors: Tan Cheng , Zhu Binlian , Qi Qingyuan , Chen Ziran
Published: August 2023

The present paper considers the finite‐horizon indefinite linear quadratic (LQ) control problem for stochastic Takagi–Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy systems with input delay. In this paper, we consider the presence of sensor data scheduling, which imposes a communication energy constraint and necessitates optimal state estimation for measurements. Then, by utilizing dynamic programming principles, the stochastic LQ problem under consideration can be solved, while the optimal control policy is developed in terms of the unique solutions to a set of coupled difference Riccati equations (CDREs). Specifically, for simple delay‐free case, the linear matrix inequalities based conditions are also proposed, whose feasibility is shown to be equivalent to the well‐posedness of the indefinite LQ control under consideration. As an application, our theoretic analysis is extended to study the intermittent observation model caused by random denial‐of‐service attack.
A green approach for the analysis of emtricitabine bictegravir and tenofovir in a pharmaceutical preparation using novel HPLC and spectrophotometric methods
Authors: Tiris Gizem , Genc Asena Ayse , Oven Elifnaz , Erk Nevin
Published: August 2023

Two spectrophotometric techniques and a novel HPLC method were consecutively applied for the simultaneous quantification of the active ingredients of emtricitabine (EMC), tenofovir (TNF), and bictegravir (BIC). The first spectrophotometric method is the dual amplitude difference method coupled with the ratio difference method. TNF was determined using the dual amplitude difference method, while BIC and EMC were determined using the ratio difference method. The second spectrophotometric method was the constant multiplication with absorbance extraction method, and was applied for the determination of active substances used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. BIC was determined by the constant multiplication method, whereas EMC and TNF were determined using the absorbance extraction method. For the HPLC method, the XBridge C18 column was used. The solvent system comprised acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (pH 6.8; 30:70 v/v). All active ingredients were detected at 260.0 nm, and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. The experiment was completed within 5.5 min. The experiments carried out enabled the simultaneous analysis of the three active substances and they were economical, fast, environmentally friendly, and simple. The methods have been successfully applied to prepare mixtures and tablets without matrix interference. The methods were evaluated in terms of green chemistry. The methods have been validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines.
MYC overexpression but not MYC/BCL2 double expression predicts survival in bulky mass diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Liu Donglin , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Mingzhi , Li Shenglei , Feng Xiaoyan , Dong Meng , Ma Shanshan , Qian Siyu , Wang Zeyuan , Zhang Yue , Wang Pengyuan , Mei Shuhao , Chen Qingjiang
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The prognostic factors for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have been fully explored, but prognostic information for bulky mass DLBCL patients is limited. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of MYC protein expression and other biological parameters in bulky mass DLBCL patients.

Methods

We defined a bulky mass as a maximum tumor diameter ≥7.5 cm and studied 227 patients with de novo bulky mass DLBCL.

Results

In all patients with bulky mass DLBCL, the 1‐year and 3‐year OS rates were 72.7% and 57.1%, respectively, and the 1‐year and 3‐year PFS rates were 52.0% and 42.5%, respectively. The MYC overexpression group (n = 140) showed significantly worse overall survival (OS; p = 0.019) and progression‐free survival (PFS; p = 0.001) than the non‐MYC overexpression group (n = 87). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the MYC overexpression group was associated with inferior OS and PFS in the subgroups with the International Prognostic Index score of 3–5 (OS: p = 0.011; PFS: p < 0.001), Ann Arbor stage 3–4 (OS: p = 0.014; PFS: p < 0.001) and GCB subtype (OS: p = 0.014; PFS: p = 0.010). Consolidation radiotherapy improved OS and PFS in patients with bulky mass DLBCL (OS: p = 0.008; PFS: p = 0.004) as well as in those with MYC overexpression (OS: p = 0.001; PFS: p = 0.001). The prognostic value of MYC overexpression was maintained in a multivariate model adjusted for the International Prognostic Index.

Conclusion

MYC overexpression is a poor predictor for bulky mass DLBCL patients. Consolidation radiotherapy for residual disease after induction therapy may improve outcomes for patients with bulky mass DLBCL.
Role of plasma angiogenesis factors in the efficacy of first‐line chemotherapy combined with biologics in RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from the GI‐SCREEN CRC‐Ukit study
Authors: Yuki Satoshi , Yamazaki Kentaro , Sunakawa Yu , Taniguchi Hiroya , Bando Hideaki , Shiozawa Manabu , Nishina Tomohiro , Yasui Hisateru , Kagawa Yoshinori , Takahashi Naoki , Denda Tadamichi , Esaki Taito , Kawakami Hisato , Satake Hironaga , Takashima Atsuo , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Kato Takeshi , Asano Chiharu , Abe Yukiko , Nomura Shogo , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: August 2023

Background

Several biomarkers have been established for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated whether plasma angiogenesis factors could predict the efficacy of biologics combined with chemotherapy in first‐line (1L) treatment in patients with RAS wild‐type mCRC and the dynamics of plasma angiogenesis factors at progression during 1L treatment.

Methods

In this multicenter prospective observational study, serial plasma samples were prospectively collected at pretreatment and progression stages; 17 plasma angiogenesis factors were analyzed using the multiplex assay with Luminex® technology. Interactions between the pretreatment measurements and treatment groups on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with RAS wild‐type were assessed using the propensity‐score weighted Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

From February 2018 to September 2020, 202 patients were enrolled in the 1L cohort; 133 patients had RAS wild‐type (chemotherapy plus bevacizumab [BEV group, n = 33] and plus anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies [aEGFR group, n = 100]). A trend of strong interaction on PFS was observed for interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) (p = 0.0752) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) (p = 0.0156). Regarding OS, IL‐8 (p = 0.0283), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor‐receptor‐1 (sVEGFR‐1) (p = 0.0777) and sVCAM‐1 (p = 0.0011) tended to differentiate the treatment effect. In 112 patients, plasma samples were evaluable for dynamic analysis (57 and 55 from the BEV and aEGFR groups, respectively). In the BEV group, six factors significantly increased during progression, whereas two decreased. In the aEGFR group, three factors significantly increased, and six decreased.

Conclusion

Pretreatment plasma IL‐8 and sVCAM‐1 levels could be predictive biomarkers to distinguish BEV and anti‐EGFR mAbs when combined with chemotherapy in the 1L treatment of RAS wild‐type mCRC. Several plasma angiogenesis factors showed significant change at progression in 1L chemotherapy plus biologics for RAS wild‐type mCRC, which are potential biomarkers for selecting an optimal angiogenesis inhibitor in second‐line treatment.
Learn how to distinguish between service animals, emotional support animals, and assistance animals
Authors: Gutierrez Iván Resendiz
Published: August 2023

In the past few years, an increasing number of college students have expressed interest in bringing their service animals, emotional support animals, or assistance animals to campus to help them manage a variety of physical and mental health issues. Although most institutions have policies and procedures regarding animals on campus, colleges and universities should be prepared to handle complex or unique requests. Recently, some of the more unexpected ESA requests from individuals with disabilities have involved some particularly exotic animals — including a beehive, a baby kangaroo, and a large peacock.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX retaliation claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2023

A student at the University of Pennsylvania was granted leaves of absence for medical reasons.
Charles Bonnet syndrome in an elderly blind man with recurrent pituitary macroadenoma and optic nerve atrophy: A case report
Authors: Aslan Suluma , Ngajilo Gloria , Nyundo Azan
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Charles Bonnet syndrome presents with complex visual hallucinations in a visually impaired or blind person. The case highlights complex neuropsychiatric manifestations due to pituitary macroadenoma in geriatrics requiring multi‐collaborative care.

An 81‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐year history of vivid visual hallucinations preceded by visual impairment and recurrence of a pituitary macroadenoma. Remission of hallucination occurred within 2 weeks of 1.5 mg of haloperidol per oral once daily; this is a rare case of Charles Bonnet syndrome after recurrent pituitary macroadenoma.
Cationic ordering transition in oxygen‐redox layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Li Xinyan , Gao Ang , Zhang Qinghua , Yu Hao , Ji Pengxiang , Xiao Dongdong , Wang Xuefeng , Su Dong , Rong Xiaohui , Yu Xiqian , Li Hong , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Gu Lin
Published: August 2023

Understanding the structural origin of the competition between oxygen 2p and transition‐metal 3d orbitals in oxygen‐redox (OR) layered oxides is eminently desirable for exploring reversible and high‐energy‐density Li/Na‐ion cathodes. Here, we reveal the correlation between cationic ordering transition and OR degradation in ribbon‐ordered P3‐Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 via in situ structural analysis. Comparing two different voltage windows, the OR capacity can be improved approximately twofold when suppressing the in‐plane cationic ordering transition. We find that the intralayer cationic migration is promoted by electrochemical reduction from Mn4+ to Jahn–Teller Mn3+ and the concomitant NaO6 stacking transformation from triangular prisms to octahedra, resulting in the loss of ribbon ordering and electrochemical decay. First‐principles calculations reveal that Mn4+/Mn3+ charge ordering and alignment of the degenerate eg orbital induce lattice‐level collective Jahn–Teller distortion, which favors intralayer Mn‐ion migration and thereby accelerates OR degradation. These findings unravel the relationship between in‐plane cationic ordering and OR reversibility and highlight the importance of superstructure protection for the rational design of reversible OR‐active layered oxide cathodes.
Improved Catalytic Performance toward Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols Originated from New Open‐Framework Copper Molybdovanadate with a Unique V/Mo Ratio
Authors: Feng Yuquan , Zhong Zhiguo , Chen Shuyang , Liu Kecheng , Meng Zhaohui
Published: August 2023

A new organic‐inorganic hybrid open‐framework molybdovanadate with mixed‐valences of vanadium (V4+/V5+=4/3) and molybdenum (Mo5+/Mo6+=8/2) cations has been synthesized. The complex possesses the unique V/Mo ratio (7/10), fascinating 8‐C topological network and 1D 4‐MR channels (7.793 Å×6.699 Å). Importantly, its catalytic activities for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde (oxidant: H2O2, 30 wt %) have been well evaluated. The results indicated that it exhibited improved catalytic activities (conv.: 96.8 %) compared with the catalyst (Cpyr)5PV2Mo5W5O40 [conv.: 88.51 %, Cpyr=(C16H32C5H4N)+)], high recyclability and structural stability. Moreover, the conversions and selectivities (conv.: 82.4–92.5 %; sele.: 91.5–95.7 %) of the substrates containing electron donating groups (−OH, −CH3, −OCH3 and −Cl) were significantly higher than those of the substrate containing electron withdrawing group (−NO2) (conv. 67.4 %; sele.: 80.8 %). This is due to the fact that the −NO2 with a large Hammett substituent constant is not conducive to the generation of transition state products. The studies revealed the complex could act as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst in selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols.
Genomic and tumour microenvironmental biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced Taiwanese melanoma
Authors: Chang John Wen‐Cheng , Huang Chien‐Jung , Huang Wen‐Kuan , Wang Yu‐Chao , Hsieh Jia‐Juan , Chang Yao‐Yu , Huang Yen‐Lin , Wu Chia‐Ling , Wang Yeh‐Han , Chen Shu‐Jen , Tan Kien Thiam , Chen Chiao‐Ping , Wu Chiao‐En
Published: August 2023

Objective

Genomic biomarkers predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcomes for Asian metastatic melanoma have been rarely reported. This study presents data on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and tumour microenvironment biomarkers in 33 cases.

Methods

Thirty‐three patients with advanced melanoma, who underwent ICI treatment at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, were recruited. The study evaluated clinical outcomes, including response rate, disease control rate, progression‐free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. Archived tissue samples from 33 cases were subjected to NGS by ACTOnco, and ACTTME was employed in 25 cases.

Results

The most prevalent driver mutations were BRAF mutations (24.2%), followed by NRAS (15.2%), KIT (12.1%), KRAS (9.1%) and NF1 (9.1%) mutations. Acral/mucosal melanomas exhibited distinct mutation patterns compared to non‐acral melanomas. Tumour mutational burden estimated using ACTOnco was not associated with ICI efficacy. Notably, genetic alterations in the p53 pathway (CDKNA2 loss, MDM2 gain/amplification and TP53 mutation) accounted for 36.4% and were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS (median PFS 2.7 months vs. 3.9 months, P = 0.0394). Moreover, 26 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in patients with clinical benefits compared to those without benefits. Four genes, GZMH, GZMK, AIM2 and CTLA4, were found to be associated with both PFS and OS.

Conclusion

Genetic alterations in the p53 pathway may be critical in Asian patients with melanoma undergoing ICI treatment. Further investigation is required to explore this mechanism and validate these findings.
Efficient signal transmission algorithms for remote sensing gamma radiation over developed mobil WiMax network
Authors: El_Tokhy Mohamed S.
Published: August 2023

This paper overcomes two key issues within radiation monitoring networks. Secure and accurate transmission of detected gamma radiation in remote areas is the first challenge. The second one is related to the robustness of transmitted signal under different fading scenarios. These issues are handled during signal transmission over worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax) networks. The signals are experimentally captured using a 137Cs point source, a NaI (TI) detector, and an analog‐to‐digital converter with 16 MS/s. For the first issue, several algorithms are implemented for secure and efficient transmission of gamma‐based signals. These algorithms include encoding of captured signal, decoding, interleaving, and frequency transformation of modulated signal. Encoding and decoding of target signals are conducted using the Reed Solomon technique and convolutional encoding with a Viterbi decoder. A superior algorithm for channel interleaver using the combinational interleaving method is introduced. Fast lifting transform (FLT) is applied for transforming modulated signal into frequency domain. The results declare that CC = 1/2 with BPSK‐1/2 coding rate introduces a better BER of 0.00068. A higher SNR of 1.5 dB is accomplished by the combinational interleaving algorithm. For the second issue, several models are suggested for overcoming channel degradations under gamma, exponential, Poisson, and geometric fading. Closed‐form expressions that describe outage probability, bit error rate (BER), and symbol error rate (SER) are suggested. Geometric and gamma fading achieve respectively a lower BER of 0.18 and 0.48. These channels demonstrate similar channel performances at 3.6 dB. The proposed models are validated through comparison with published work. Finally, the proposed algorithms enable higher data rate transmission of detected 137Cs signals under higher robustness using WiMax networks.