bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of optimal planting scheme based on the North China region
Authors: Liang Kun , Lei Jiaying , Wu Feiyang , Hu Zhenning , Zhou Yusong , Li Dandan , Gong Shiqin
Published: November 2024

This paper constructs a linear programming model for optimizing crop planting strategies in rural mountainous areas of North China by simulating data and predicting the planting scheme for each sample plot in the next six years. It sets decision variables as plot, year, season, and crop planting area, considering crop rotation and three-year legume planting restrictions. Applying an improved genetic algorithm for solving, which improves efficiency through multi-matrix chromosome coding and optimized crossover mutation operation, and deals with infeasible solutions through a rule-based repair mechanism to propose different optimal planting strategies. They are considering the fluctuating uncertainty of crop sales, yield, and planting cost based on the expected fluctuation range and reducing computational resources through orthogonal experimental design. A bi-objective robust optimization model was used to balance average profit maximization and profit minimization under different scenarios. This was solved by the improved NSGA-II algorithm. The final optimal planting scheme suggests increasing the planting proportion of vegetable crops and controlling the planting scale of crops with large cost fluctuations while guaranteeing grain crops like wheat and corn.
Memory-based fault detection for uncertain system with random sensor saturation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wu Zhihui
Published: November 2024

This article tackles the memory-based fault detection (FD) issue for uncertain systems with sensor saturation. In order to improve the FD efficiency, a novel memory fault detection filter (MFDF) is established based on the historical state information of the filter. Sufficient criteria are given to ensure that the residual error system (RES) can achieve the expected performance. In addition, the MFDF parameters are obtained by solving matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation is provided to verify the effectiveness of the developed memory-based FD algorithm.
Construction of indoor WiFi fingerprint map based on ray tracing and Gaussian process regression
Authors: Xu Jun , Fu Lin , Ma Jing
Published: November 2024

In traditional indoor robot positioning, SLAM sensors such as vision and lidar are commonly relied upon. However, achieving precise indoor Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) positioning and navigation for mobile robots, without the necessity of SLAM sensors, requires the construction of a high-precision wireless fingerprint map. To tackle this challenge, we suggest a technique for building indoor WiFi fingerprint maps using ray tracing and Gaussian process regression (GPR). This method involves simulating the propagation status of indoor WiFi signals using a ray tracing algorithm, resulting in a simulated WiFi fingerprint map. Additionally, we employ a mobile robot to collect real values of sparse WiFi fingerprints. These simulated and real-world data are then integrated through GPR to produce a comprehensive WiFi fingerprint map. To validate our approach, we evaluate it using three positioning algorithms in an indoor environment. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a positioning accuracy of 69.30cm for indoor mobile robots, underscoring its effectiveness in constructing indoor WiFi fingerprint maps and paving the way for robot navigation in indoor environments. This research represents a significant advancement in the provision of high-precision WiFi fingerprint maps.
A method for analyzing and predicting the influencing factors of carbon emission intensity based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm and data mining
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhang Shuang , Ma Rui , Sha Jiangbo , Kang Wenni , Lin Mingxia
Published: November 2024

The current analysis and prediction methods of influencing factors of carbon emission intensity are generally set for a certain region. The deployment of monitoring points in the predicted coverage area is relatively single, which leads to an increase in the relative error of the final prediction. For this reason, a fuzzy synthesis-based fuzzy synthesis method is proposed for designing and analyzing factors affecting carbon emission intensity and prediction methods using evaluation algorithms and data mining. A brief analysis of factors affecting carbon emission intensity decomposes driving factors and adopts a multi-level approach to make node deployment more flexible and achieve hierarchical monitoring point deployment. Based on this, a data mining carbon emission prediction model is designed, and an adaptive correction method is used to achieve prediction processing. The test results show that for the 6 randomly selected test areas, compared with the linear and nonlinear ARDL carbon emission prediction methods, interval variables, and low-carbon emission optimization methods, the fuzzy design of this design performs better. The relative error finally obtained by the carbon emission prediction model of the comprehensive evaluation algorithm and data mining prediction method is relatively small, showing that this design’s prediction results are more flexible and changeable. The prediction coverage and processing efficiency are also significantly improved, and the pertinence is strong and has practical application value and predictive significance.
Filtering algorithm for systems with transmission random failures and packet loss prediction compensation
Authors: Caballero-Águila Raquel , Linares-Pérez Josefa
Published: November 2024

The problem of least-squares linear filtering is explored for a specific type of networked systems, where the measurements are affected by random parameters and experience random delays and packet dropouts. To prevent network congestion, only one packet is transmitted per sampling interval. However, due to these phenomena, either a single packet, two packets, or no data at all may be received at each sampling time. In the latter case, the estimator compensates by utilizing a predicted value. An innovation-based method is used to derive a recursive filter that does not require the signal dynamics, but only some statistical properties (first-order and second-order moments) of the stochastic processes in the observation model.
A reinforcement learning-based algorithm for discrete dynamic stochastic recognition of speech dialog emotions
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wu Jiangbo
Published: November 2024

At present, the most common speech dialogue emotion discrete dynamic random recognition calculation natural language processing is mostly independent processing of object data, and the recognition efficiency is low, resulting in the infinite increase of the final FRP value. According to the current recognition requirements, speech data resource collection and speech recognition are carried out first, and a multi-level method is adopted to improve the recognition efficiency and realize multi-level processing and sentiment analysis of natural speech. Based on this, a discrete dynamic random recognition calculation model of reinforcement learning speech dialogue emotion was constructed, and the multi-cycle automatic synchronous correction method was used to realize the random recognition processing. The test results show that for the six randomly selected test periods, compared with the improved emotion model random recognition method and the artificial intelligence emotion random recognition method, the final FRP value of the reinforcement learning emotion random recognition method designed this time is well controlled 15%, which indicates that with the assistance of reinforcement learning technology, the designed calculation method is more flexible and changeable. Furthermore, its inherent random recognition mechanism is more comprehensive, efficient, and targeted, thereby rendering it highly valuable and significant for applications under complex background conditions.
Optimization of Electron Beams for Ion Bombardment Secondary Emission Electron Gun
Authors: Wang Zebin , Liu Junbiao , Chen Aiguo , Wang Dazheng , Wang Pengfei , Han Li
Published: November 2024

Electron beam fluorescence technology is an advanced non-contact measurement in rarefied flow fields, the fluorescence signal intensity is positively correlated with the electron beam current. The ion bombardment secondary emission electron gun is suitable for the technology. To enhance the beam current, COMSOL simulations and analyses were con-ducted to examine plasma density distribution in the discharge chamber under the effects of various conditions and the electric field distribution between the cathode and the spacer gap. The anode shape and discharge pressure conditions were optimized to increase plasma density. Additionally, an improved spacer structure was designed with the dual purpose of enhancing the electric field distribution between the cathode-spacer gap and improving vacuum dif-ferential effects. This design modification aims to increase the pass rate of secondary elec-trons. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the performance of the optimized electron gun was effectively enhanced. When the electrode voltage remains con-stant and the discharge gas pressure is adjusted to around 8 Pa, the maximum beam current was increased from 0.9mA to 1.6 mA.
The Cosmic Question
Authors: Insole Christopher J
Published: November 2024

The chapter explores Thomas Nagel’s cosmic question, ‘Is there a way to live in harmony with the universe, and not just in it?’. When the cosmic question presents itself, there can be a range of responses, in terms of where meaning and harmony might be identified: from nowhere, to within the natural world, or in human nature, or in something that transcends nature (human and non-human). Criteria are set out for choosing the figures and movements that are explored later in the book. Not the least important criterion is a desire to unearth and bring to light some largely forgotten parts of various traditions, such as William James’ radical empiricism, and absolute idealism. The intention is to put these into play with living and current movements, such as new atheism, humanism, modern paganism and non-metaphysical (but non-naturalistic) moral realism.
Did crop domestication change the fitness landscape of root response to soil mechanical impedance? An in silico analysis
Authors: Rangarajan Harini , Lynch Jonathan P
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Root axes with greater penetration ability are often considered to be beneficial in hard soils. We hypothesized that maize root phenotypes with greater plasticity (meaning reduced elongation in response to mechanical impedance, i.e. a ‘stop signal’) have fitness advantages over phenotypes with reduced plasticity (i.e. unimpeded root elongation) in native (virgin, uncultivated) soils, by reallocating root foraging to softer, presumably wetter, soil domains, and that the value of the stop signal reduced with soil cultivation and crop domestication.

Methods

We used OpenSimRoot to simulate native and cultivated soils and evaluated maize root phenotypes with varying axial and lateral root penetration ability in water, nitrogen (N) and impedance regimes associated with Neolithic agriculture.

Key Results

The stop signal was advantageous in native soils but was less beneficial in cultivated, irrigated soils. Reduced root foraging in hard, dry topsoil enabled root growth in deeper domains where water is available, resulting in an improved balance of resource expenditure and acquisition. The value of the stop signal declined during crop domestication with the advent of irrigation, which increased water availability in the topsoil. Soil cultivation reduced N availability, while irrigation increased N leaching, resulting in a shift in the fitness landscape, with greater lateral root length (i.e. reduced plasticity) being advantageous by colocalizing root foraging with N availability. The importance of the stop signal is evident in modern high-input systems in which drought is a limiting factor.

Conclusions

Our results support the hypotheses that the reduction of lateral root growth by mechanical impedance is adaptive in native soil, but became less adaptive with soil cultivation and irrigation associated with Neolithic agriculture.
The usefulness of Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan analysis in screening for functional foods
Authors: Yasuda Kayo
Published: November 2024

Caenorhabditis elegans is a type of nematode that has significantly contributed to aging research as a multicellular animal model because of its high reproductive rate, ease of cultivation, low cost, short generation cycle, body transparency, and eukaryotic nature. Since the discovery of long-lived mutant strains of C. elegans, signaling pathways involved in lifespan have been elucidated. Some of these pathways are shared with mammals, indicating that aging research in C. elegans may be applied to other animals, including humans. Studies on the mechanisms of aging have advanced with the availability of mutants for these pathways. In recent years, C. elegans has also contributed to the discovery of antioxidants and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-aging effects of foods and traditional medicines with lifespan as an indicator. This review summarizes the characteristics of C. elegans for lifespan analysis associated with functional foods.
LIMO-GCN: a linear model-integrated graph convolutional network for predicting Alzheimer disease genes
Authors: Lin Cui-Xiang , Li Hong-Dong , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disease with its genetic etiology not fully understood. Gene network-based methods have been proven promising in predicting AD genes. However, existing approaches are limited in their ability to model the nonlinear relationship between networks and disease genes, because (i) any data can be theoretically decomposed into the sum of a linear part and a nonlinear part, (ii) the linear part can be best modeled by a linear model since a nonlinear model is biased and can be easily overfit, and (iii) existing methods do not separate the linear part from the nonlinear part when building the disease gene prediction model. To address the limitation, we propose linear model-integrated graph convolutional network (LIMO-GCN), a generic disease gene prediction method that models the data linearity and nonlinearity by integrating a linear model with GCN. The reason to use GCN is that it is by design naturally suitable to dealing with network data, and the reason to integrate a linear model is that the linearity in the data can be best modeled by a linear model. The weighted sum of the prediction of the two components is used as the final prediction of LIMO-GCN. Then, we apply LIMO-GCN to the prediction of AD genes. LIMO-GCN outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches including GCN, network-wide association studies, and random walk. Furthermore, we show that the top-ranked genes are significantly associated with AD based on molecular evidence from heterogeneous genomic data. Our results indicate that LIMO-GCN provides a novel method for prioritizing AD genes.
Cortico-thalamic tremor circuits and their associations with deep brain stimulation effects in essential tremor
Authors: He Shenghong , West Timothy O , Plazas Fernando R , Wehmeyer Laura , Pogosyan Alek , Deli Alceste , Wiest Christoph , Herz Damian M , Simpson Thomas , Andrade Pablo , Baig Fahd , Hart Michael G , Morgante Francesca , FitzGerald James J , Barbe Michael T , Visser-Vandewalle Veerle , Green Alexander L , Pereira Erlick A , Cagnan Hayriye , Tan Huiling
Published: November 2024

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders in adults. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventralis intermediate nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus and/or the posterior subthalamic area (PSA) has been shown to provide significant tremor suppression in patients with ET, but with significant inter-patient variability and habituation to the stimulation. Several non-invasive neuromodulation techniques targeting other parts of the central nervous system, including cerebellar, motor cortex, or peripheral nerves, have also been developed for treating ET, but the clinical outcomes remain inconsistent. Existing studies suggest that pathology in ET may emerge from multiple cortical and subcortical areas, but its exact mechanisms remain unclear.

By simultaneously capturing neural activities from motor cortices and thalami, and hand tremor signals recorded via accelerometers in fifteen human subjects who have undergone lead implantations for DBS, we systematically characterized the efferent and afferent cortico-thalamic tremor networks. Through the comparisons of these network characteristics and tremor amplitude between DBS OFF and ON conditions, we further investigated the associations between different tremor network characteristics and the magnitude of DBS effect.

Our findings implicate the thalamus, specifically the contralateral hemisphere, as the primary generator of tremor in ET, with a significant contribution of the ipsilateral hemisphere as well. Although there is no direct correlation between the cortico-tremor connectivity and tremor power or reduced tremor by DBS, the strength of connectivity from the motor cortex to the thalamus and vice versa at tremor frequency predicts baseline tremor power and effect of DBS. Interestingly, there is no correlation between these two connectivity pathways themselves, suggesting that, independent of the subcortical pathway, the motor cortex appears to play a relatively distinct role, possibly mediated through an afferent/feedback loop in the propagation of tremor. DBS has a greater clinical effect in those with stronger cortico-thalamo-tremor connectivity involving the contralateral thalamus, which is also associated with bigger and more stable tremor measured with an accelerometer. Interestingly, stronger cross-hemisphere coupling between left and right thalami is associated with more unstable tremor.

Together this study provides important insights into a better understanding of the cortico-thalamic tremor generating network and its implication for the development of patient-specific therapeutic approaches for ET.
Eighty-six billion and counting: do we know the number of neurons in the human brain?
Authors: Goriely Alain
Published: November 2024

Through statistical analysis and comparison of different studies, Alain Goriely challenges the widely accepted figure of 86 billion neurons in the human brain, and argues that the actual number is uncertain, with estimates ranging between 61 and 99 billion.
How is health equity considered in policy evaluations employing quasi-experimental methods? A scoping review and content analysis
Authors: Sell Kerstin , Rabbani Setareh , Burns Jacob
Published: November 2024

Public health researchers employ quasi-experimental methods (QEM) to evaluate the effects of policies. Whilst some policies are designed to improve (health) equity, others may intentionally or unintentionally have detrimental effects on disadvantaged populations. We thus sought to investigate how health equity is addressed in policy evaluations which employ QEM. We conducted a content analysis on studies sourced from a scoping review. We drew a random sample of 350 records identified in systematic database searches in Medline, EMBASE, and EconLit (December 2022). Studies that employed QEM labels and examined public policies implemented in the WHO European region were included. We extracted data on study design, policies, and populations; assessed whether outcomes were examined in population sub-groups (as defined by PROGRESS-Plus criteria); and analysed discussion sections for equity-related conclusions. We included 59 studies, of which 39 (66.1%) studies considered health equity—albeit to variable depth. Twenty-five studies were focused exclusively on examining policy outcomes in a disadvantaged population (42.4%), of which 19 studies evaluated policies that targeted disadvantaged groups (e.g. minimum wage, social housing policies). Outcomes were stratified for one or more sub-populations in 22 studies (37.3%), most commonly for gender (n = 15, 25.4%) and a measure of socio-economic status (n = 13, 22%), particularly income and employment. Equity-related results and implications were discussed in 24 studies. While policy evaluations employing QEM have considerable value for informing decision-making in public health and other sectors that influence health, their potential to investigate equity impacts is currently not harnessed.
Chromosome-scale Reference Genome and RAD-based Genetic Map of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Reveal Putative Structural Variation and QTL Associated With Invader Traits
Authors: Reatini Bryan , Pelosi Jessie A , Cang F Alice , Jiang Qiuyu , McKibben Michael T W , Barker Michael S , Rieseberg Loren H , Dlugosch Katrina M
Published: November 2024

Invasive species offer outstanding opportunities to identify the genomic sources of variation that contribute to rapid adaptation, as well as the genetic mechanisms facilitating invasions. The Eurasian plant yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) is highly invasive in North and South American grasslands and known to have evolved increased growth and reproduction during invasion. Here, we develop new genomic resources for C. solstitialis and map the genetic basis of invasiveness traits. We present a chromosome-scale (1N = 8) reference genome using PacBio CLR and Dovetail Omni-C technologies, and functional gene annotation using RNAseq. We find repeat structure typical of the family Asteraceae, with over 25% of gene content derived from ancestral whole-genome duplications (paleologs). Using an F2 mapping population derived from a cross between native and invading parents, with a restriction site-associated DNA (RAD)-based genetic map, we validate the assembly and identify 13 quantitative trait loci underpinning size traits that have evolved during invasion. We find evidence that large effects of quantitative trait loci may be associated with structural variants between native and invading genotypes, including a variant with an overdominant and pleiotropic effect on key invader traits. We also find evidence of significant paleolog enrichment under two quantitative trait loci. Our results add to growing evidence of the importance of structural variants in evolution, and to understanding of the rapid evolution of invaders.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of composite piezoelectric plates using meshfree RPIM with a new layerwise approach
Authors: Nourmohammadi Hossein , Behjat Bashir
Published: November 2024

In this article, nonlinear analysis of piezoelectric plates using Ferreira layerwise theory based on radial point interpolation method (RPIM) meshfree method is presented. This paper develops Ferreira layerwise method for geometrically nonlinear analysis of composite plates considering piezoelectric effects. Based on this layerwise method, the first-order shear deformation theory is used for layers. Nonlinear Von Karman-type strains are considered to predict the geometrically nonlinear behavior of the piezoelectric plates. By a combination of Ferreira layerwise method and meshfree RPIM and using electrical enthalpy, the matrix form of nonlinear equations is obtained. The Newton–Raphson iteration method is used to obtain the solution of governing nonlinear equations. Using this form of formulation and combining it with the meshfree method increase the linear displacements and stresses accuracy. Consequently, the accuracy of the nonlinear results will increase. Linear and nonlinear solutions are compared with some numerical and exact solutions in the literature. The presented results show that there is a good agreement between them and the exact solution. The results presented in this paper show that Ferreira layerwise model has a good ability to predict the nonlinear behavior of thick or thin piezoelectric composite plates.
Does Liquidity Management Induce Fragility in Treasury Prices? Evidence from Bond Mutual Funds
Authors: Huang Shiyang , Jiang Wenxi , Liu Xiaoxi , Liu Xin
Published: November 2024

Mutual funds investing in illiquid corporate bonds actively manage Treasury positions to buffer redemption shocks. This liquidity management practice can transmit non-fundamental fund flow shocks onto Treasuries, generating excess return volatility. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that Treasury excess return volatility is positively associated with bond fund ownership, and this pattern is more pronounced among funds conducting intensive liquidity management. Causal evidence is provided by exploiting the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s 2017 Liquidity Risk Management Rule. Evidence also suggests that the COVID-19 Treasury market turmoil was attributed to intensified liquidity management, an unintended consequence of the 2017 Liquidity Risk Management Rule.
Control of Pestalotiopsis leaf spot of palms by fungicides, plant hormones and biological agents
Authors: Latif Muhammad Zunair , Kong Lingguang , Jiang Yanke , Asghar Naila , Habib Amer , ChongChong Lu , Ding Xinhua
Published: November 2024

This study investigates fungal leaf spots of palm, an ever-present threat to the nursery and floriculture industry. Fungicides, plant hormones and biological agents were used to consider their implications for Pestalotiopsis leaf spot disease management in palms. A survey of different locations in Pakistan's Kasur and Faisalabad districts was conducted, collecting data on disease incidence of debilitating leaf spot disease in Roystonea regia (royal palm) and Ravenea rivularis (ravenea palm). Pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy seedlings using Pestalotiopsis sp. The results indicate that the fungicide Flumax with 86.11% growth inhibition of pathogenic fungus, and biological agent Trichoderma asperellum with 76% growth inhibition have a significant impact in suppressing pathogen growth. Compared with the fungicide or SA application alone, the combined application of SA with 50% less fungicide (Flumax) in an integrated program significantly reduced disease severity to 5.9% and 6.2%, in royal and ravenea palms respectively. Our findings highlighted that integrated disease management (IDM) could be crucial in addressing Pestalotiopsis leaf spot disease. Adapting to IDM can improve the aesthetic value and profitability of palms by allowing a reduction in fungicide use while maintaining effective control of the disease.
Underlying catches and threats of indiscriminate abolition of donor anonymity
Authors: Sgargi Serena , Kuan Michela , Ferraretti Anna Pia , Magli Maria Cristina , Gianaroli Luca
Published: November 2024

Gamete donation is currently routinely used worldwide, and the number of treatments performed is constantly increasing. Although initially the most common policies aimed at ensuring donor anonymity, in recent years, its abolition has been strongly supported by a systematic and powerful lobbying action coordinated by a subgroup of donor-conceived persons opposing it. This led to legislative changes in several countries. However, throughout this process, some of the potential implications of the abolition of donor anonymity, not only for the stakeholders directly involved in the treatment but also for the community, appear to have been underestimated.
Human T cells engineered with an HLA-A2-restricted murine T-cell receptor targeting glypican 3 effectively control human hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
Authors: Vercher Enric , Covo-Vergara Ángela , Conde Enrique , Hernández-Rueda Mercedes , Elizalde Edurne , Mancheño Uxua , Glez-Vaz Javier , Tamayo-Uria Ibon , García-García Maritza R. , Ferrer-Roig Marta , Marañón-Lopez Javier , Repáraz David , Ruiz Marta , López-Díaz de Cerio Ascensión , Inogés Susana , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Lasarte Juan J. , Sangro Bruno , Sarobe Pablo , Hervas-Stubbs Sandra
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims:

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a promising target for T-cell therapy in HCC. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting GPC3 have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy, their effectiveness is limited by challenges such as low persistence and shedding of surface GPC3. Natural T-cell receptors (TCRs) may serve as an alternative, though identifying GPC3-specific TCRs within the endogenous repertoire is difficult.

Approach and Results:

We immunized human leucocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2) transgenic mice with an adenovirus expressing human GPC3, identifying a panel of TCRs that recognize the GPC3(522-530) epitope. We cloned 3 murine GPC3-TCRs (TCR-A, TCR-B, and TCR-C) and engineered primary human T cells (TCR-T). TCR-T cells effectively recognized GPC3+HLA-A2+ human HCC cells, with recognition diminished by GPC3 silencing and HLA-A2 blockade. TCR-B-T and TCR-C-T cells showed the highest reactivity, with TCR-B-T cells exhibiting superior effector functions, proliferative capacity, and therapeutic efficacy in xenograft HCC models. Notable, TCR-B-T cells outperformed second-generation 41BB GPC3-specific CAR-T cells, attributed to lower exhaustion, enhanced proliferation, greater effector function, and improved resilience. Furthermore, mixed dosing of CAR-T and TCR-B-T cells was significantly more effective than staggered dosing of the same cell type, suggesting potential synergistic effects.

Conclusions:

Transgenic TCRs join forces with CARs, expanding the arsenal of GPC3-targeting receptors for HCC T-cell therapy.
Intravenous Drug Use in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Raynak Andrea , Wood Brianne , Mushquash Christopher , McLaughlin Brittney
Published: November 2024

People who inject drugs are likely to end up admitted to a hospital due to complications associated with substance use. While in hospital, many of these patients will continue the self-administration of nonprescribed drugs. When implemented without a harm reduction approach, self-administration can lead to an increase in the acquisition of infectious diseases, injection-related infections, and fatal and nonfatal overdoses. Often, administrators and providers use punitive approaches to manage this behavior among patients and providers. This abstinence-based approach has, and continues to, disproportionally impact structurally vulnerable communities. To mobilize the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action, Canadian hospitals must respond transparently and urgently to Indigenous peoples, patients, and communities. For example, First Nations, Inuit, and Metis people and communities living in Canada are significantly affected by the opioid epidemic, which can be traced back to the legacy of and continued colonialism and systemic discrimination in health care. Colonial policies and systems manifest as Indigenous populations experiencing a high prevalence of socioeconomic disadvantage and poor access to quality health and social services, on- and off-reserve. Clinicians must understand and receive cultural safety training to adequately care for Indigenous patient populations, as well as other structurally vulnerable populations. Additionally, Canadian hospitals should acknowledge and measure intravenous drug use in their organizations and take a harm reduction approach to mitigate associated adverse outcomes. Finally, hospitals should work with academic institutions to train, recruit, and retain Indigenous clinicians from diverse sociocultural backgrounds.
The Essential Components of Adult Critical Care Neuroscience Nursing Orientation: A Delphi Study
Authors: Vyas Marianne Beare , Bautista Cynthia , Daniels Lorin , Guanci Mary McKenna , Rhudy Lori
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Critical care neuroscience nursing is a specialized field requiring a complex knowledge base and unique clinical orientation. A comprehensive orientation for nurses new to this specialty can improve retention, performance, and satisfaction. Critical care neuroscience orientations are often hospital based and regionally specific, and lack a systematic approach. The aim of this research was to obtain expert consensus on the essential components of a 12- to 18-week critical care neuroscience nursing orientation. METHODS: A Delphi methodology was used to collect expert consensus on the components of a critical care neuroscience nursing orientation. Electronic surveys were distributed to 161 neuroscience critical care orientation experts in 2 Delphi rounds. Participant demographic data and a Likert rating scale (1–5) of literature-based components of a critical care neuroscience orientation were collected. Participants identified additional critical care neuroscience orientation components that were not included in the listed components in round 1 or round 2 of the survey. RESULTS: Round 1 of the survey had 38 responses (23.6%), and round 2 had 23 responses (14.2%). The round 1 survey included 47 elements, and 36 of 47 met the a priori threshold of ≥75% consensus of being important or very important. Two additional elements resulted from write-in recommendations. In round 2, 38 elements were included in the survey, and 37 of 38 elements met consensus. Expert consensus on the essential components of a critical care neuroscience orientation included 37 elements divided among 5 major components. CONCLUSION: Expert consensus was achieved on the essential components of a 12- to 18-week adult critical care neuroscience nursing orientation. Five components and 37 elements were agreed upon by expert consensus.
Assessing Adherence to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screening in Young Stroke Survivors
Authors: Palmisano Caitlin , O'Neal Madelyn , Bautista Mary Ann , O'Neil Carol A. , Fitzpatrick Suzanna
Published: November 2024

Background: Over 795 000 US people per year experience a stroke, and 10% are younger than 50 years. After a stroke, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 10% to 30% of those patients and may compromise a survivor's secondary prevention compliance. At an inner-city clinic in Maryland where up to 300 young adult stroke survivors are followed, zero patients were screened for PTSD. A quality improvement project was implemented to screen for PTSD in a young adult stroke survivor clinic and to provide them with psychotherapy referrals and follow-up. Methods: Over 15 weeks in the fall of 2023, all patients presenting to the young adult stroke survivor clinic were screened for PTSD using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 validated screening tool. Providers and medical staff were all educated on the tool before implementation. Results: During the 15-week implementation period, 72 patients presented to the clinic. Posttraumatic stress disorder screening was completed for 88.9% (64/72). Of those, 32.8% (21/64) completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5 via the electronic health record, and 67.2% (43/64) completed it by in-person screening. Of the 64 patients screened, 12 patients screened positive for PTSD (18.8%, 12/64). Among those screening positive, 75% (9/12) were given a referral for psychotherapy. Conclusions: Literature reports that PTSD compromises stroke survivors' ability to optimize their health after a stroke. Screening identifies those experiencing symptoms of PTSD, providing an opportunity for referral and treatment. Results show that routine care of young stroke survivors can effectively include screening for PTSD.
Models to study myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Chao Clifford , Martinez Isabella G. , Wagenblast Elvin
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are hematological malignancies characterized by complex genetic alterations, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Despite advances in treatment, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. This review outlines recent progress in humanized models of MDS and AML and highlight their role in advancing our understanding of these diseases.

Recent findings

Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) were among the first humanized models for studying MDS and AML, allowing researchers to analyze patient-specific cancer properties in vivo. However, they face challenges related to sample availability and consistent engraftment in mice. New methods, including specialized mouse strains and human tissue scaffolds, have been developed to address these issues. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the advantage of indefinite expansion and genetic modification, making them valuable for in vitro research, though protocols to enhance their engraftment in vivo are still being refined. Genetically engineered human primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) provide reliable in vivo models with good engraftment in mice, and recent advancements in culture systems and gene-editing techniques are helping to overcome challenges related to ex vivo expansion and genetic modification.

PDXs, iPSCs, and genetically engineered HSPCs are crucial models for the study of MDS and AML. This review discusses strengths, limitations, and recent advancements of these humanized models, which provide insights into human-specific disease biology and therapeutic development.
The Applications and challenges of artificial intelligence in nursing
Authors: Su Chunyan , Liu Yue , Zhou Xiaoshu , Tang Rongsong , Yang Min , Wang Jingpin , Zhang Siwei , Chen Zhiqian , Ma Xueqian , Wang Jing , Yu Miao , Zhang Heli , Hu Xianjing , Li Baohua
Published: November 2024

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding rapidly in many fields. Over the past 40 years, AI has developed and diversified in many different areas of healthcare. Within nursing specifically, AI currently performs functions of information synthesis, clinical decision support, disease management, patient engagement, and augmenting human performance.This article aims to review the applications and effects of AI in nursing, examine the influence of AI on patient experience, patient safety, and nursing workflow, analyze the challenges faced, and provide suggestions for the further development of AI in nursing.
When Disasters Cross State Borders: Pennsylvania’s Public Health Response to the Norfolk Southern Train Derailment in East Palestine, Ohio
Authors: Fifolt Matthew , Pickett Andrew
Published: November 2024

This case study explores the actions taken by the Pennsylvania Department of Health to address public health concerns related to the Norfolk Southern train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio. Due to the location of the train derailment on the Ohio-Pennsylvania border, the case demonstrates the inherent challenges of addressing disasters that occur across state lines. Furthermore, the train derailment was regarded as an environmental disaster rather than a public health emergency, further complicating response efforts.
A Patient With Rectal Cancer With Cranial Metastasis Resulting in Epidural Hematoma
Authors: Li DaChuan , Ji Xiangyu , Du Xiaolong , Zhang Yonghao , Wang Zengwu
Published: November 2024

The incidence of colorectal cancer ranks third among all types of cancer. Effective treatment for colorectal cancer patients has not only improved their survival rate but it has also increased the possibility of tumor metastasis. It has been reported that the incidence of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer is low, but the improvement in patient survival and the lack of routine brain imaging may lower the actual incidence of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer. This article discusses a case of a patient with colorectal cancer brain metastasis, who was found to have a subdural hematoma as the main symptom.
Association between a computerized, Self-administered cognitive assessment and phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Aghaei Mina , Vahabi Zahra , Modarres Mohammad Hadi , Ebrahiminia Fatemeh , Khaligh-Razavi Seyed-Mahdi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 80% of cases globally. With an aging population, AD poses a growing concern due to its increasing mortality rate and associated healthcare costs. Early diagnosis or prediction of AD is crucial for managing and potentially slowing its progression, particularly with the advent of disease-modifying therapies.

Methods

This study involved a total of 60 participants: 15 with mild AD, 23 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 22 healthy controls, comprising both males and females aged 50–85 years. Data collection included blood samples, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA). Serum phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Linear regression models were applied to predict serum biomarker levels based on the ICA index, demographic data, and APOE ε4 status.

Aims and Objectives

The primary aim was to examine the association between ICA scores and blood-based p-tau181 levels in individual with MCI, mild AD, and elderly healthy controls. Additionally, the study compared the correlation of ICA and MoCA with APOE ε4 status.

Findings

The study found that the ICA can significantly differentiate between diagnostic groups and that elevated serum p-tau181 levels are associated with cognitive decline, as measured by the ICA. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between APOE ε4 status and cognitive decline, but not between APOE ε4 status and serum p-tau181 levels. Using a model that incorporates the ICA, demographic data, and APOE ε4 status, we were able to modestly predict serum p-tau181 levels, indicating the potential of combining cognitive assessment with biological markers for AD prediction.

Discussion

The findings suggest that ICA is a valuable tool in detecting cognitive decline associated with AD and correlates with increased p-tau181 levels. The significant correlation between APOE ε4 status and cognitive decline highlights its potential role in risk assessment, independent of p-tau181 levels. The study supports the use of a computerized, self-administered cognitive assessment in conjunction with blood-based biomarkers for early AD detection. Limitations include the small sample size and cross-sectional design, which restricts causal inference and longitudinal analysis. Future research should focus on larger, longitudinal studies to further validate these associations and their implications for early diagnosis and monitoring of AD progression.
Comparative transcriptomic profile reveals candidate genes manipulated by type III effectors ofPantoea agglomeranspv.betaeleading to gall formation in beet
Authors: Gupta Priya , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Zemach Hanita , Barash Isaac , Teper Doron , Sessa Guido
Published: November 2024

Pantoea agglomeranspv.betae(Pab) induces tumor-like galls in beet and gypsophila, a process mediated by the secretion of effector proteins viaPab’s type III secretion system (T3SS). The molecular mechanisms underlyingPab-induced gall formation remain largely unexplored. This study delves into the cellular architecture and transcriptional profile ofPab-mediated galls, comparing host responses to wild-typePaband a T3SS-inactive mutant,hrcC−. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy and cross-sectional visualization of infected beet leaf tissues revealed thatPab-induced gall-like structures are linked to cell hyperplasia and tissue ruptures, contingent on T3SS activity. Comparative transcriptome analysis of wild-typePabandhrcC−Pab-infected beet leaves at 12 and 48 hours unveiled significant transcriptional reprogramming, with nearly 2,000 differentially expressed genes at 48 hours post inoculation. Enrichment analyses identified the upregulation of pathways related to signal transduction, defense, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell wall modulation in wild-typePab-infected leaves compared to controls. Particularly notable was the significant upregulation of numerous genes associated with cell wall loosening by wild-typePab, suggesting an initial rearrangement of cell wall architecture facilitates gall formation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that wild-typePabsuppresses the expression of the betalain biosynthetic geneDOPA 4,5-DIOXYGENASE, leading to reduced betalain accumulation in infected tissues compared to the mutant strain. These findings offer fresh insights into the transcriptional and physiological manipulation of host tissue during the early stages ofPab-induced gall formation.
Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy for People Living with HIV in Mozambique: Eligibility, Completion, Coverage and TB Disease Rates, April 2021–March 2024
Authors: Respeito Durval , Varajidas Yagna , Mizela José , Nguimfack Alexandre , Tomo de Deus Maria Inês , Zindoga Pereira , Cowan James , Bila Erica , Jose Benedita , Sendela Gisela , Couto Aleny , Filipe Eudoxia , Templin Lindsay , Chilundo Sonia , Pathmanathan Ishani
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in people living with HIV (PLHIV). TB preventive treatment (TPT) reduces the incidence and mortality of TB in PLHIV. As of March 2021, in Mozambique, only 40% (182,512/460,080) of those eligible had received a full course of TPT. The aim of this study is to describe the variation in TPT provision and the TB incidence in PLHIV in Mozambique from April 2021 to March 2023.

Methodology

We analyzed provincial reports with monthly and semi-annual aggregated data of TPT and TB Monitoring, Evaluation, and Report (MER) indicators of 591 Health Facilities supported by The U.S. Presidential Emergency Plan for Aids Relief (PEPFAR) at the national level. The analyses included the four following indicators: TPT eligibility, TPT completion, TPT coverage, and TB disease incidence rate. TPT data were analyzed using a MS Excel 365 database. Data were collected periodically and analyzed using tables and graphs with variation lines.

Results

TPT eligibility decreased by 75%, from 687,711 in April 2021 to 170,011 in March 2024. TPT coverage increased from 42% (489,905/1,177,616) in April 2021 to 89% (1,405,139/1,575,150) in March 2024. TPT completion rate also increased by 8%, from 81% (120,692/148,507) to 89% (104,690/117,764). TPT coverage increased by 47%, from 41% (489.905/1.177.616) in April 2021 to 89% (1.405.139/1.575.150) in March 2024. TB disease incidence rate among PLHIV decreased by 0,15%, from 0.65% (7,801/1,208,559) to 0.5% (7,974/1,592,102).

Conclusion

In 3 years, Mozambique drastically increased the number of PLHIV who had received TPT, with almost 90% TPT coverage achieved among PLHIV through a system-wide multidisciplinary approach.
Endothelial RIPK3 minimizes organotypic inflammation and vascular permeability in ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Johnson Charmain F. , Schafer Christopher M. , Burge Kathryn Y. , Coon Brian G. , Chaaban Hala , Griffin Courtney T.
Published: November 2024

Recent studies have revealed a link between endothelial receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and vascular integrity. During mouse embryonic development, hypoxia can trigger elevated endothelial RIPK3 that contributes to lethal vascular rupture. However, it is unknown whether RIPK3 regulate endothelial barrier function in adult vasculature under hypoxic injury conditions such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we performed inducible genetic deletion of endothelialRipk3(RipkiECKO) in mice, which led to elevated vascular permeability in the small intestine and multiple distal organs after intestinal I/R injury. Mechanistically, this vascular permeability correlated with increased endothelial secretion of IL-6 and organ-specific expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules. Circulating monocyte depletion with clodronate liposomes reduced permeability in organs with elevated adhesion molecules, highlighting the contribution of monocyte adhesion and extravasation toRipkiECKObarrier dysfunction. These results elucidate mechanisms by which RIPK3 regulates endothelial inflammation to minimize vascular permeability in I/R injury.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT