bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Embryonic Amoxicillin Exposure Has Limited Impact on Liver Development but Increases Susceptibility to NAFLD in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Gao Peng , Chang Cheng , Liang Jieling , Du Fen , Zhang Ruilin
Published: February 2024

Amoxicillin is commonly used in clinical settings to target bacterial infection and is frequently prescribed during pregnancy. Investigations into its developmental toxicity and effects on disease susceptibility are not comprehensive. Our present study examined the effects of embryonic amoxicillin exposure on liver development and function, especially the effects on susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using zebrafish as an animal model. We discovered that embryonic amoxicillin exposure did not compromise liver development, nor did it induce liver toxicity. However, co-treatment of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid diminished BESP expression, caused bile stasis and induced liver toxicity. Embryonic amoxicillin exposure resulted in elevated expression of lipid synthesis genes and exacerbated hepatic steatosis in a fructose-induced NAFLD model, indicating embryonic amoxicillin exposure increased susceptibility to NAFLD in zebrafish larvae. In summary, this research broadens our understanding of the risks of amoxicillin usage during pregnancy and provides evidence for the impact of embryonic amoxicillin exposure on disease susceptibility in offspring.
Sequential Co-Immobilization of Enzymes on Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient l-Xylulose Production
Authors: Patel Sanjay K. S. , Gupta Rahul K. , Karuppanan Karthikeyan K. , Kim In-Won , Lee Jung-Kul
Published: February 2024

Multi-enzymatic strategies have shown improvement in bioconversion during cofactor regeneration. In this study, purified l-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (LAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase (Nox) were immobilized via individual, mixed, and sequential co-immobilization approaches on magnetic nanoparticles, and were evaluated to enhance the conversion of l-arabinitol to l-xylulose. Initially, the immobilization of LAD or Nox on the nanoparticles resulted in a maximum immobilization yield and relative activity of 91.4% and 98.8%, respectively. The immobilized enzymes showed better pH and temperature profiles than the corresponding free enzymes. Furthermore, co-immobilization of these enzymes via mixed and sequential methods resulted in high loadings of 114 and 122 mg/g of support, respectively. Sequential co-immobilization of these enzymes proved more beneficial for higher conversion than mixed co-immobilization because of better retaining Nox residual activity. Sequentially co-immobilized enzymes showed a high relative conversion yield with broader pH, temperature, and storage stability profiles than the controls, along with high reusability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mixed or sequential co-immobilization of LAD and Nox on magnetic nanoparticles for l-xylulose production. This finding suggests that selecting a sequential co-immobilization strategy is more beneficial than using individual or mixed co-immobilized enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles for enhancing conversion applications.
Integrated Physiologic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Navicula sp. in Response to Ultraviolet Irradiation Stress
Authors: Gong Siyu , Pan Pan , Meng Xiangying , Zhang Yuxin , Xu Hanli , Hu Honggang , Cheng Xiyu , Yan Qiong
Published: February 2024

With the continuous development of space station construction, space ecosystem research has attracted increasing attention. However, the complicated responses of different candidate plants and algae to radiation stress remain unclear. The present study, using integrated physiologic and proteomic analyses, was carried out to reveal the molecular mechanism of Navicula sp. in response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation stress. Under 12~24 h of high-dose UV irradiation conditions, the contents of chlorophyll and soluble proteins in Navicula sp. cells were significantly higher than those in the control and 4~8 h of low-dose UV irradiation groups. The activity of catalase (CAT) increased with the extension of irradiation time, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased first and then increased. Furthermore, differential volcano plot analysis of the proteomic data of Navicula sp. samples found only one protein with a significant difference. Differential protein GO analysis unveiled that UV irradiation can activate the antioxidant system of Navicula sp. and further impact photosynthesis by affecting the photoreaction and chlorophyll synthesis of Navicula sp. The most significant differences in KEGG pathway analysis were also associated with photosynthesis. The above results indicate that Navicula sp. has good UV radiation resistance ability by regulating its photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic activity, and antioxidant system, making it a potential candidate for the future development of space ecosystems.
Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analyses of Major Latex Protein Gene Family in Populus simonii × P. nigra
Authors: Sun Xin , Li Yao , Sun Yao , Wu Qiong , Wang Lei
Published: February 2024

Major latex proteins, or MLPs, are crucial to plants’ capacity to grow, develop, and endure biotic and abiotic stresses. The MLP gene family has been found in numerous plants, but little is known about its role in Populus simonii × P. nigra. This study discovered and assessed 43 PtMLP genes that were unevenly dispersed throughout 12 chromosomes in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein localization. Based on their phylogeny and protein structural characteristics, three separate subclasses of PtMLP family were identified. Segmental and tandem duplication were found to be essential variables in the expansion of the PtMLP genes. The involvement of the PtMLP genes in growth and development, as well as in the responses to different hormones and stresses, was demonstrated by cis-regulatory element prediction. The PtMLP genes showed varying expression patterns in various tissues and under different conditions (cold, salt, and drought stress), as demonstrated in RNA-Seq databases, suggesting that PsnMLP may have different functions. Following the further investigation of the genes demonstrating notable variations in expression before and after the application of three stresses, PsnMLP5 was identified as a candidate gene. Subsequent studies revealed that PsnMLP5 could be induced by ABA treatment. This study paves the way for further investigations into the MLP genes’ functional mechanisms in response to abiotic stressors, as well as the ways in which they can be utilized in poplar breeding for improved stress tolerance.
Osteostatin Mitigates Gouty Arthritis through the Inhibition of Caspase-1 Activation and Upregulation of Nrf2 Expression
Authors: Catalán Laura , Carceller María Carmen , Terencio María Carmen , Alcaraz María José , Ferrándiz María Luisa , Montesinos María Carmen
Published: February 2024

Gouty arthritis results from monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in joints, initiating (pro)-interleukin (IL)-1β maturation, inflammatory mediator release, and neutrophil infiltration, leading to joint swelling and pain. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (107–111) C-terminal peptide (osteostatin) has shown anti-inflammatory properties in osteoblasts and collagen-induced arthritis in mice, but its impact in gouty arthritis models remains unexplored. We investigated the effect of osteostatin on pyroptosis, inflammation, and oxidation in macrophages, as well as its role in the formation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals and MSU-induced gouty arthritis in mice models. Osteostatin ameliorated pyroptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (LPS + ATP) in mice peritoneal macrophages by reducing the expression of caspase-1, lactate dehydrogenase release, and IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Additionally, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also decreased due to the reduced activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, osteostatin displayed antioxidant properties in LPS + ATP-stimulated macrophages, resulting in reduced production of mitochondrial and extracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced Nrf2 translocation to the nuclei. In both models of gouty arthritis, osteostatin administration resulted in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, decreased leukocyte migration, and reduced caspase-1 and NF-κB activation. These results highlight the potential of osteostatin as a therapeutic option for gouty arthritis.
Chronic Gut Inflammation and Dysbiosis in IBS: Unraveling Their Contribution to Atopic Dermatitis Progression
Authors: Jang Jae-Hwan , Jang Sun-Young , Ahn Sora , Oh Ju-Young , Yeom Mijung , Ko Seok-Jae , Park Jae-Woo , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Kim Kyuseok , Lee In-Seon , Hahm Dae-Hyun , Park Hi-Joon
Published: February 2024

Emerging evidence suggests a link between atopic dermatitis (AD) and gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in relation to gut microbial dysbiosis. This study explored the potential exacerbation of AD by gut inflammation and microbial imbalances using an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) mouse model. Chronic gut inflammation was induced in the model by intrarectal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), followed by a 4-week development period. We noted significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the colon and evident gut microbial dysbiosis in the IBS mice. Additionally, these mice exhibited impaired gut barrier function, increased permeability, and elevated systemic inflammation markers such as IL-6 and LPS. A subsequent MC903 challenge on the right cheek lasting for 7 days revealed more severe AD symptoms in IBS mice compared to controls. Further, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from IBS mice resulted in aggravated AD symptoms, a result similarly observed with FMT from an IBS patient. Notably, an increased abundance of Alistipes in the feces of IBS mice correlated with heightened systemic and localized inflammation in both the gut and skin. These findings collectively indicate that chronic gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in IBS are critical factors exacerbating AD, highlighting the integral relationship between gut and skin health.
Experimental Research on the Impact Resistance Mechanical Properties and Damage Mechanism of Rubberized Concrete under Freeze–Thaw Cycling
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Yue Tengsheng , Zhang Jun , Zhang Jinsong
Published: February 2024

To improve the long-term performance of concrete engineering in high-altitude areas, waste tire rubber was added to a concrete mix, and freeze–thaw and impact tests were conducted. The effects of waste tire rubber with different particle sizes (10, 20, 30 mesh) and freeze–thaw cycles (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125) on the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete materials were studied. The stress–strain curves, peak stress, and fracture morphology of the specimens were analyzed. The microstructure changes of the specimens were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the following: (1) Both macroscopic and microscopic analysis results showed that the internal damage of rubber concrete specimens was smaller after freeze–thawing, and the integrity was better after impact, maintaining a loose but not scattered state. The addition of waste tire rubber significantly improved the material’s impact resistance to a certain extent. (2) As the impact pressure increased, the strain rate of the specimens increased linearly, and the dynamic peak stress was linearly positively correlated with the strain rate. (3) After 125 freeze–thaw cycles, the peak stress of the specimens with 30-mesh added rubber decreased significantly less than that of ordinary concrete under 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 MPa impact pressure. The dynamic peak stress was higher than that of specimens with 10-mesh and 20-mesh added rubber, and the addition of 30-mesh rubber significantly improved the frost resistance and impact resistance of concrete materials. This study can provide new ideas for the engineering application of rubber concrete.
Numerical Simulation of Offshore Suction Bucket Foundation Pullout Characteristics under Undrained Conditions
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Chen Yong , Lai Zongyuan , Liu Hanqiu , Zhu Ronghua
Published: February 2024

The suction bucket jacket foundation is widely regarded as a crucial solution for constructing offshore wind farms in water depths ranging from 30 m to 50 m. When subjected to complex loads, the bucket primarily relies on vertical movement to withstand the corresponding loads. This paper investigates the undrained pullout characteristics of the bucket foundation through numerical simulation while keeping its weight constant. This study examined how the pullout capacity of the suction bucket jacket foundation is affected by the aspect ratio and soil conditions. It revealed the changing patterns of bucket–soil frictional resistance and suction during the undrained pullout process, along with their contributions to the pullout capacity of the foundation. The results indicate that the peak pullout load of the bucket increases with decreasing L/D, and the response is more pronounced in soft clay. The frictional resistance changes from upward to downward with increasing displacement, with the maximum frictional resistance occurring at the base of the foundation. The lower part of the footing has a faster response. The suction force increases with displacement, and the proportion of suction force to peak pullout tends to increase as L/D decreases. The soil failure displacement corresponding to the occurrence of the peak pullout load of the foundation lags behind the displacement at which the frictional resistance of the bucket wall stabilizes.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Control around a Circular Cylinder Using Porous Surface by Volume Penalized Method
Authors: Sadri Maryam , Kadivar Ebrahim , el Moctar Ould
Published: February 2024

In this work, we conducted a numerical study on the cavitation flow around a circular cylinder with Re=200 and σ=1, through the implementation of a porous coating. The primary objective addressed the effectiveness of utilizing a porous surface to control cavitation. We analyzed the cavitation dynamics around the cylinder and the hydrodynamic performance at different permeability levels of the porous surfaces (K=10−12−10−10). The flow was governed by the density-based homogeneous mixture model, and the volume penalization method was used to deal with the porous layer. A high-order compact numerical method was adopted for the simulation of the cavitating flow through solving the preconditioned multiphase equations. The hydrodynamic findings demonstrated that the fluctuations in the lift coefficient decreased when the porous layer was applied. However, it is not possible to precisely express an opinion about drag because the drag coefficient may vary, either increasing or decreasing, depending on the permeability within a constant thickness of the porous layer. The results revealed that the application of a porous layer led to the effective suppression of cavitation vortex shedding. In addition, a reduction of the shedding frequency was obtained, which was accompanied by thinner and elongated vortices in the wake region of the cylinder. With the proper porous layer, the inception of the cavitation on the cylinder was suppressed, and the amplitude of pressure pulsations due to the cavitation shedding mechanism was mitigated.
Molecular Characterization of the First Partitivirus from a Causal Agent of Salvia miltiorrhiza Dry Rot
Authors: Song Luyang , Zhong Rongrong , Guan Zhengzhe , Huang Lina , Wang Ganlin , Yang Zhimin , Shao Ke , Qin Yanhong , Wen Caiyi , Zhao Ying , Wang Fei
Published: February 2024

Root rot as a result of Salvia miltiorrhiza is a common root disease caused by Fusarium spp., which has become one of the main diseases affecting the production of S. miltiorrhiza. Currently, several hypovirulence-related mycoviruses have been identified in many phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp., which show potential as biological controls. In this study, we report a new mycovirus, Fusarium oxysporum partitivirus 1 (FoPV1), isolated from F. oxysporum strain FCR51, which is a causal agent of S. miltiorrhiza dry rot. The FoPV1 genome contains two double-stranded RNA segments (dsRNA1 and dsRNA2). The size of dsRNA1 is 1773 bp, and it encodes a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The dsRNA2 is 1570 bp in length, encoding a putative capsid protein (CP). Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of the RdRp and the CP proteins indicated that FoPV1 appears to be a new member of the family Partitiviridae that is related to members of the genus Gammapartitivirus. Pathogenicity assay showed that FoPV1 confers hypervirulence to its host, F. oxysporum. This is the first report of a partitivirus infecting F. oxysporum and the first hypovirulence-related mycovirus from the causal agent of S. miltiorrhiza dry rot.
Inequalities and Injustices of Urban Green Regeneration: Applying the Conflict Analysis Perspective
Authors: Haase Annegret
Published: February 2024

Green regeneration has become one of the most powerful strategies for improving the quality of life in cities, supporting climate change adaptation, and reducing the carbon footprints of cities. While it is the ambition of most green regeneration projects to create benefits for residents and users, reality shows that green regeneration also reinforces existing or even shapes new ‘green inequalities’. These can result from green gentrification and displacement, procedural injustices, and exclusion from participation or barriers to the access and use of newly created urban green spaces. Set against this background, the paper uses a conflict analysis perspective to look at the inequalities and injustices that evolve within the context of green regeneration. Applying social conflict theory, it seeks to understand (1) why and how green regeneration may lead to inequality and justice conflicts and (2) how conflict analysis helps to understand the nature and implications of green regeneration conflicts in more depth. As for its empirical foundation, the paper reanalyses empirical evidence that was examined in earlier projects on a residential area in the city of Leipzig, Germany.
The Development of Sustainable Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Based (PETG) Blends for Additive Manufacturing Processing—The Use of Multilayered Foil Waste as the Blend Component
Authors: Garwacki Mikołaj , Cudnik Igor , Dziadowiec Damian , Szymczak Piotr , Andrzejewski Jacek
Published: February 2024

The polymer foil industry is one of the leading producers of plastic waste. The development of new recycling methods for packaging products is one of the biggest demands in today’s engineering. The subject of this research was the melt processing of multilayered PET-based foil waste with PETG copolymer. The resulting blends were intended for additive manufacturing processing using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. In order to improve the properties of the developed materials, the blends compounding procedure was conducted with the addition of a reactive chain extender (CE) and elastomeric copolymer used as an impact modifier (IM). The samples were manufactured using the 3D printing technique and, for comparison, using the traditional injection molding method. The obtained samples were subjected to a detailed characterization procedure, including mechanical performance evaluation, thermal analysis, and rheological measurements. This research confirms that PET-based film waste can be successfully used for the production of filament, and for most samples, the FDM printing process can be conducted without any difficulties. Unfortunately, the unmodified blends are characterized by brittleness, which makes it necessary to use an elastomer additive (IM). The presence of a semicrystalline PET phase improves the thermal resistance of the prepared blends; however, an annealing procedure is required for this purpose.
Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon-Based Antimonene Thin Film via Electron Beam Evaporation
Authors: Zhong Tingting , Zeng Lina , Yang Junfeng , Shu Yichao , Sun Li , Li Zaijin , Chen Hao , Liu Guojun , Qiao Zhongliang , Qu Yi , Xu Dongxin , Li Lianhe , Li Lin
Published: February 2024

Antimonene has attracted much attention due to its excellent characteristics of high carrier mobility, thermoelectric properties and high stability. It has great application prospects in Q-switched lasers, laser protection and spintronics. At present, the epitaxy growth of antimonene mainly depends on molecular beam epitaxy. We have successfully prepared antimonene films on silicon, germanium/silicon substrates for the first time using electron beam evaporation coating and studied the effects of the deposition rate and substrate on the preparation of antimonene; film characterization was performed via confocal microprobe Raman spectroscopy, via X-ray diffraction and using a scanning electron microscope. Raman spectroscopy showed that different deposition rates can lead to the formation of different structures of antimonene, such as α phase and β phase. At the same time, it was found that the growth of antimonene is also affected by different substrates and ion beams.
Paraconsistent Labeling Semantics for Abstract Argumentation
Authors: Lin Yuanlei
Published: February 2024

Dung’s abstract argumentation framework is a popular formalism in formal argumentation. The present work develops paraconsistent labeling semantics for abstract argumentation such that the incomplete and inconsistent information can be expressed, and it introduces a Hilbert-style axiomatic system which is proven to be sound and complete. Additionally, we make a comparison between the logic developed in the present work and some relevant theories of abstract argumentation.
The Interaction between Anesthetic Isoflurane and Model-Biomembrane Monolayer Using Simultaneous Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) and Quartz Crystal Impedance (QCI) Methods
Authors: Yamamoto Yasushi , Ito Daiki , Akatsuka Honoka , Noguchi Hiroki , Matsushita Arisa , Kinekawa Hyuga , Nagano Hirotaka , Yoshino Akihiro , Taga Keijiro , Shervani Zameer , Yamamoto Masato
Published: February 2024

The interaction between anesthetic Isoflurane (Iso) and model-biomembrane on the water surface has been investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and quartz crystal impedance (QCI) methods. The model-biomembranes used were dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), DPPC-palmitic acid (PA) mixture (DPPC:PA = 8:2), DPPC-Alamethicin (Al) mixture (DPPC:Al = 39:1), and DPPC-β-Lactoglobulin (βLG) mixture (DPPC:βLG = 139:1) monolayers, respectively. The quartz crystal oscillator (QCO) was attached horizontally to each monolayer, and QCM and QCI measurements were performed simultaneously. It was found that Iso hydrate physisorbed on each monolayer/water interface from QCM and changed those interfacial viscosities from QCI. With an increase in Iso concentration, pure DPPC, DPPC-PA mixed, and DPPC-Al mixed monolayers showed a two-step process of Iso hydrate on both physisorption and viscosity, whereas it was a one-step for the DPPC-βLG mixed monolayer. The viscosity change in the DPPC-βLG mixed monolayer with the physisorption of Iso hydrate was much larger than that of other monolayers, in spite of the one-step process. From these results, the action mechanism of anesthetics and their relevance to the expression of anesthesia were discussed, based on the “release of interfacial hydrated water” hypothesis on the membrane/water interface.
Afforestation-Induced Shifts in Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure in the Saihanba Region
Authors: Huang Kai-Chuan , Zhao Wen , Li Jun-Ning , Mumin Reyila , Song Chang-Ge , Wang Hao , Sun Yi-Fei , Cui Bao-Kai
Published: February 2024

Afforestation plays a pivotal role in ecosystem restoration, exemplified by the Saihanba Mechanized Forest Farm, the world’s largest planted forest; however, the assembly mechanisms and interactions of soil microbial communities in such forests remain inadequately understood. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of different afforestation tree species, namely Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii, Picea asperata, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in comparison to grassland. Sixty soil samples were collected at a 20 cm depth, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify bacterial communities and assess their interactions with environmental factors. A total of 6528 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, with Solirubrobacter, Conexibacter, Bacillus, Massilia, Gaiella, Acidibacter, and Vicinamibacter being the dominant genera. Afforestation significantly impacted soil bacterial alpha diversity, with notable influence from key soil chemical properties, including available phosphorus (AP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of soil organic matter (SOM-C/N). The Mantel test highlighted pH, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and spatial variable (dbMEM) as primary environmental factors influencing dominant bacterial genera. The bacterial community structure demonstrated deterministic homogeneous selection, wherein SOM-C/N emerged as a significant factor influencing the dissimilarity of soil bacterial communities. Furthermore, plantation soils exhibited a more complex network structure than grassland soil, highlighting the crucial role of bacterial communities in vegetation changes and providing valuable insights into their response to environmental factors during the reforestation process.
Extensive Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Patterns of Factor H-Binding Protein Variants among Neisseria meningitidis in China
Authors: Tan Zhizhou , Xu Juan , Che Jie , Xu Li , Yan Dongshan , Zhang Maojun , Shao Zhujun
Published: February 2024

Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is a virulence factor expressed by Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), the primary causative agent of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in humans. fHbp is utilized as the main component in vaccines to provide protection against IMD caused by serogroup B N. meningitidis. In order to comprehensively investigate the genetic diversity and epidemiological patterns of fHbp variants within isolates of Chinese N. meningitidis, we utilized the NEIS0349 locus, which encompasses the complete coding sequences of fHbp. This enabled us to identify allelic variants of fHbp with enhanced resolution. A total of 109 fHbp variants were identified in 1013 Chinese N. meningitidis isolates. We reconstructed a phylogenetic tree and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of each variant. Considering both temporal and geographical distribution patterns, only four fHbp variants (v2.16, v2.18, v2.404, and v2.21) exhibited persistent nationwide prevalence during the previous decade (2011–2021). These variants were highly prevalent in both serogroup B strains from patients and healthy individuals, suggesting their potential as suitable vaccine candidates for nationwide implementation against IMD caused by serogroup B strains. Our study emphasizes the significance of conducting continuous surveillance of meningococcal strains to monitor the genetic diversity of fHbp for the purpose of vaccine development.
Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Cultivable Halophilic and Halotolerant Bacteria from the “Los Negritos” Geothermal Area
Authors: Guevara-Luna Joseph , Arroyo-Herrera Ivan , Tapia-García Erika Yanet , Estrada-de los Santos Paulina , Ortega-Nava Alma Juliet , Vásquez-Murrieta María Soledad
Published: February 2024

Soil salinization is negatively affecting soils globally, and the spread of this problem is of great concern due to the loss of functions and benefits offered by the soil resource. In the present study, we explored the diversity of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in the arable fraction of a sodic–saline soil without agricultural practices and two soils with agricultural practices (one sodic and one saline) near the geothermal area “Los Negritos” in Villamar, Michoacán state. This was achieved through their isolation and molecular identification, as well as the characterization of their potential for the production of metabolites and enzymes of biotechnological interest under saline conditions. Using culture-dependent techniques, 62 halotolerant and moderately halophilic strains belonging to the genera Bacillus, Brachybacterium, Gracilibacillus, Halobacillus, Halomonas, Kocuria, Marinococcus, Nesterenkonia, Oceanobacillus, Planococcus, Priestia, Salibactetium, Salimicrobium, Salinicoccus, Staphylococcus, Terribacillus, and Virgibacillus were isolated. The different strains synthesized hydrolytic enzymes under 15% (w/v) of salts, as well as metabolites with plant-growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, such as indole acetic acid (IAA), under saline conditions. Furthermore, the production of biopolymers was detected among the strains; members of Bacillus, Halomonas, Staphylococcus, and Salinicoccus showed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, and the strain Halomonas sp. LNSP3E3-1.2 produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) under 10% (w/v) of total salts.
Influence of Spider Silk Protein Structure on Mechanical and Biological Properties for Energetic Material Detection
Authors: Peng Xinying , Liu Zhiyong , Gao Junhong , Zhang Yuhao , Wang Hong , Li Cunzhi , Lv Xiaoqiang , Gao Yongchao , Deng Hui , Zhao Bin , Gao Ting , Li Huan
Published: February 2024

Spider silk protein, renowned for its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, chemical stability, and low immune and inflammatory response activation, consists of a core domain with a repeat sequence and non-repeating sequences at the N-terminal and C-terminal. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the silk structure and its mechanical properties, exploring the potential applications of spider silk materials in the detection of energetic materials.
Recent Trends in the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Coumarin, Coumarin–Chalcone, and Coumarin–Triazole Molecular Hybrids
Authors: Rohman Nur , Ardiansah Bayu , Wukirsari Tuti , Judeh Zaher
Published: February 2024

Molecular hybridization represents a new approach in drug discovery in which specific chromophores are strategically combined to create novel drugs with enhanced therapeutic effects. This innovative strategy leverages the strengths of individual chromophores to address complex biological challenges, synergize beneficial properties, optimize pharmacokinetics, and overcome limitations associated with single-agent therapies. Coumarins are documented to possess several bioactivities and have therefore been targeted for combination with other active moieties to create molecular hybrids. This review summarizes recent (2013–2023) trends in the synthesis of coumarins, as well as coumarin–chalcone and coumarin–triazole molecular hybrids. To cover the wide aspects of this area, we have included differently substituted coumarins, chalcones, 1,2,3– and 1,2,4–triazoles in this review and considered the point of fusion/attachment with coumarin to show the diversity of these hybrids. The reported syntheses mainly relied on well-established chemistry without the need for strict reaction conditions and usually produced high yields. Additionally, we discussed the bioactivities of the reported compounds, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-cholinesterase activities and commented on their IC50 where possible. Promising bioactivity results have been obtained so far. It is noted that mechanistic studies are infrequently found in the published work, which was also mentioned in this review to give the reader a better understanding. This review aims to provide valuable information to enable further developments in this field.
A Simple and Rapid Protocol for the Isolation of Murine Bone Marrow Suitable for the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Song Runqiu , Bafit Mariam , Tullett Kirsteen M. , Tan Peck Szee , Lahoud Mireille H. , O’Keeffe Meredith , Purcell Anthony W. , Braun Asolina
Published: February 2024

The generation of bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells is a widely used approach in immunological research to study antigen processing and presentation, as well as T-cell activation responses. However, the initial step of isolating the bone marrow can be time-consuming, especially when larger numbers of precursor cells are required. Here, we assessed whether an accelerated bone marrow isolation method using centrifugation is suitable for the differentiation of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand-driven dendritic cells. Compared to the conventional flushing method, the centrifugation-based isolation method resulted in a similar bone marrow cell yield on Day 0, increased cell numbers by Day 8, similar proportions of dendritic cell subsets, and consequently a higher number of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) from the culture. Although the primary purpose of this method of optimization was to improve experimental efficiency and increase the output of cDC1s, the protocol is also compatible with the differentiation of other dendritic cell subsets such as cDC2 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, with an improved output cell count and a consistent phenotype.
The FlexiBoard: Tangible and Tactile Graphics for People with Vision Impairments
Authors: Raynal Mathieu , Ducasse Julie , Macé Marc J.-M. , Oriola Bernard , Jouffrais Christophe
Published: February 2024

Over the last decade, several projects have demonstrated how interactive tactile graphics and tangible interfaces can improve and enrich access to information for people with vision impairments. While the former can be used to display a relatively large amount of information, they cannot be physically updated, which constrains the type of tasks that they can support. On the other hand, tangible interfaces are particularly suited for the (re)construction and manipulation of graphics, but the use of physical objects also restricts the type and amount of information that they can convey. We propose to bridge the gap between these two approaches by investigating the potential of tactile and tangible graphics for people with vision impairments. Working closely with special education teachers, we designed and developed the FlexiBoard, an affordable and portable system that enhances traditional tactile graphics with tangible interaction. In this paper, we report on the successive design steps that enabled us to identify and consider technical and design requirements. We thereafter explore two domains of application for the FlexiBoard: education and board games. Firstly, we report on one brainstorming session that we organized with four teachers in order to explore the application space of tangible and tactile graphics for educational activities. Secondly, we describe how the FlexiBoard enabled the successful adaptation of one visual board game into a multimodal accessible game that supports collaboration between sighted, low-vision and blind players.
Commercial-Scale Modification of NdFeB Magnets under Laser-Assisted Conditions
Authors: Radwan-Pragłowska Natalia , Radwan-Pragłowska Julia , Łysiak Karol , Galek Tomasz , Janus Łukasz , Bogdał Dariusz
Published: February 2024

Rare Earth elements (REE) such as NdFeB are commonly used to produce permanent magnets. Thanks to their superior properties, these materials are highly desirable for green energy applications such as wind power generators or electric cars. Currently, REEs are critical for the ongoing development of eco-friendly solutions in different industrial branches. The emerging issue of REE depletion has led to a need for new methods to enable the life cycle elongation, resistance to wear, and external factors improvement of NdFeB magnets. This can be achieved by advanced, nanostructured coating formation of magnet surfaces to increase their functionality and protect from humidity, pressure, temperature, and other factors. The aim of the following research was to develop a new, scalable strategy for the modification of NdFeB magnets using laser-assisted technique, also known as Laser cladding. For this purpose, four different micropowders were used to modify commercial NdFeB samples. The products were investigated for their morphology, structure, chemical composition, and crystallography. Moreover, magnetic flux density was evaluated. Our results showed that laser cladding constitutes a promising strategy for REE-based permanent magnets modification and regeneration and may help to improve durability and resistance of NdFeB components.
Interfacial Polarization Control Engineering and Ferroelectric PZT/Graphene Heterostructure Integrated Application
Authors: Bi Kaixi , Han Shuqi , Chen Jialiang , Bi Xiaoxue , Yang Xiangyu , Niu Liya , Mei Linyu
Published: February 2024

Integration and miniaturization are the inevitable trends in the development of electronic devices. PZT and graphene are typical ferroelectric and carbon-based materials, respectively, which have been widely used in various fields. Achieving high-quality PZT/graphene heterogeneous integration and systematically studying its electrical properties is of great significance. In this work, we reported the characterization of a PZT film based on the sol–gel method. Additionally, the thickness of the PZT film was pushed to the limit size (~100 nm) by optimizing the process. The test results, including the remnant and leakage current, show that the PZT film is a reliable and suitable platform for further graphene-integrated applications. The non-destructive regulation of the electrical properties of graphene has been studied based on a domain-polarized substrate and strain-polarized substrate. The domain structures in the PZT film exhibit different geometric structures with ~0.3 V surface potential. The I–V output curves of graphene integrated on the surface of the PZT film exhibited obvious rectification characteristics because of p/n-doping tuned by an interfacial polarized electric field. In contrast, a ~100 nm thick PZT film makes it easy to acquire a larger strain gradient for flexural potential. The tested results also show a rectification phenomenon, which is similar to domain polarization substrate regulation. Considering the difficulty of measuring the flexural potential, the work might provide a new approach to assessing the flexural polarized regulation effect. A thinner ferroelectric film/graphene heterojunction and the polarized regulation of graphene will provide a platform for promoting low-dimension film-integrated applications.
Tryptophanhydroxamic Acid-Stabilized Ultrasmall Gold Nanoclusters: Tuning the Selectivity for Metal Ion Sensing
Authors: Gombár Gyöngyi , Ungor Ditta , Szatmári István , Juhász Ádám , Csapó Edit
Published: February 2024

Sub-nanometer-sized gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were prepared via the spontaneous reduction of [AuCl4]−- ions with a hydroxamate derivative of L-tryptophan (Trp) natural amino acid (TrpHA). The prepared TrpHA-Au NCs possess intense blue emission (λem = 470 nm; λex = 380 nm) with a 2.13% absolute quantum yield and 1.47 ns average lifetime. The Trp-stabilized noble metal NCs are excellent metal ion sensors for Fe3+, but in this work, we highlighted that the incorporation of the hydroxamate functional group with an excellent metal ion binding capability can tune the selectivity and sensitivity of these NCs, which is a promising way to design novel strategies for the detection of other metal ions as well. Moreover, their simultaneous identification can also be realized. By decreasing the sensitivity of our nano-sensor for Fe3+ (limit of detection (LOD) ~11 µM), it was clearly demonstrated that the selectivity for Cu2+-ions can be significantly increased (LOD = 3.16 µM) in an acidic (pH = 3–4) condition. The surface-bounded TrpHA molecules can coordinate the Cu2+ confirmed by thermodynamic data, which strongly generates the linking of the NCs via the Cu2+ ions in acidic pH, and a parallel fluorescence quenching occurs. In the case of Fe3+, the degree of quenching strongly depends on the metal ion concentration, and it only occurs when the NCs are not able to bind more Fe3+ (~10 µM) on the surface, causing the NCs’ aggregation.
Creating a Framework for Treating Autoimmune Gastritis—The Case for Replacing Lost Acid
Authors: Taylor Lori , McCaddon Andrew , Wolffenbuttel Bruce H. R.
Published: February 2024

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, resulting in hypochlorhydria and eventual achlorhydria, as oxyntic glands in the corpus are destroyed and become atrophic. The permanent loss of gastric acid has many impacts—both theoretical and documented. The most concerning of these are hypergastrinemia and increased N-nitroso compounds, both of which increase the risk of gastric cancers. While known deficiencies of B12 and iron are often replaced in AIG, acid is not. Moreover, patients with AIG are often prescribed acid suppression for a stomach that is decidedly no longer acidic, worsening the sequelae of gastric atrophy. Betaine hydrochloride (BHCL) is a short-acting acidifying agent, available over the counter in capsule form. Mealtime acid supplementation has an historic basis and could ameliorate many AIG-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Theoretically, acidification could also reduce the potential for hypergastrinemia and the production of N-nitroso compounds, consequently reducing the risk of gastric cancers. Supplemental vitamin C may also help in preventing gastric N-nitroso formation, regardless of the gastric pH. This narrative review describes the functions of gastric acid in gastrointestinal and immune health, documents the effects of hypochlorhydria in AIG, and proposes potential options for safely re-establishing the acid milieu of the stomach for patients with AIG.
PK Modeling of L-4-Boronophenylalanine and Development of Bayesian Predictive Platform for L-4-Boronophenylalanine PKs for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Kim Woohyoung , Won Ji Yeong , Yi Jungyu , Choi Seung Chan , Lee Sang Min , Mun Kyungran , Lim Hyeong-Seok
Published: February 2024

L-4-[(10B)]Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is an amino acid analogue with a boron-10 moiety. It is most widely used as a boron carrier in boron neutron capture therapy. In this study, a Bayesian predictive platform of blood boron concentration based on a BPA pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed. This platform is user-friendly and can predict the individual boron PK and optimal time window for boron neutron capture therapy in a simple way. The present study aimed to establish a PK model of L-4-boronophenylalanine and develop a Bayesian predictive platform for blood boron PKs for user-friendly estimation of boron concentration during neutron irradiation of neutron capture therapy. Whole blood boron concentrations from seven previous reports were graphically extracted and analyzed using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) approach. Model robustness was assessed using nonparametric bootstrap and visual predictive check approaches. The visual predictive check indicated that the final PK model is able to adequately predict observed concentrations. The Shiny package was used to input real-time blood boron concentration data, and during the following irradiation session blood boron was estimated with an acceptably short calculation time for the determination of irradiation time. Finally, a user-friendly Bayesian estimation platform for BPA PKs was developed to optimize individualized therapy for patients undergoing BNCT.
The Role of Chitinase-3-like Protein-1 (YKL40) in the Therapy of Cancer and Other Chronic-Inflammation-Related Diseases
Authors: Chang Ming-Cheng , Chen Chun-Tang , Chiang Ping-Fang , Chiang Ying-Cheng
Published: February 2024

Chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1), also known as YKL40, is a glycoprotein that belongs to the chitinase protein family. It is involved in various biological functions, including cell proliferation and tissue remodeling, with inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities. Several studies have shown that CHI3L1(YKL40) is upregulated in various diseases, such as cancer, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, among others. Although the expression level of CHI3L1(YKL40) is associated with disease activity, severity, and prognosis, its potential as a therapeutic target is still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the biological functions, pathological roles, and potential clinical applications of specific inhibitors and targeted therapies related to CHI3L1(YKL40).
The Active Glucuronide Metabolite of the Brain Protectant IMM-H004 with Poor Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Demonstrates a High Partition in the Rat Brain via Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Jianwei , Luo Lijun , Zhang Ziqian , Liu Xiao , Chen Naihong , Li Yan , Sheng Li
Published: February 2024

Background: Glucuronidation is an essential metabolic pathway for a variety of drugs. IMM-H004 is a novel neuroprotective agent against ischemic stroke, and its glucuronide metabolite IMM-H004G exhibits similar pharmacological activity. Despite possessing a higher molecular weight and polarity, brain exposure of IMM-H004G is much higher than that of IMM-H004. This study aimed to investigate the brain metabolism and transport mechanisms of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G. Methods: First, the possibility of IMM-H004 glucuronidation in the brain was evaluated in several human brain cell lines and rat homogenate. Subsequently, the blood–brain barrier carrier-mediated transport mechanism of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G was studied using overexpression cell models. In addition, intracerebroventricular injection, in situ brain perfusion model, and microdialysis/microinjection techniques were performed to study the distribution profiles of IMM-H004 and IMM-H004G. Results: IMM-H004 could be metabolized to IMM-H004G in both rat brain and HEB cells mediated by UGT1A7. However, IMM-H004G could not be hydrolyzed back into IMM-H004. Furthermore, the entry and efflux of IMM-H004 in the brain were mediated by the pyrilamine-sensitive H+/OC antiporter and P-gp, respectively, while the transport of IMM-H004G from the blood to the brain was facilitated by OATP1A2 and OATP2B1. Ultimately, stronger concentration gradients and OATP-mediated uptake played a critical role in promoting greater brain exposure of IMM-H004G. Conclusions: The active glucuronide metabolite of the brain protectant IMM-H004 with poor blood–brain barrier permeability demonstrates a high partition in the rat brain via multiple mechanisms, and our findings deepen the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the blood–brain barrier metabolism and transport of active glucuronide conjugates.
Silicon Hybridization for the Preparation of Room-Temperature Curing and High-Temperature-Resistant Epoxy Resin
Authors: Rong Liping , Su Jiaqi , Li Zhiguo , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Dayong , Zhu Jinhua , Li Xin , Zhao Ying , Mi Changhong , Kong Xianzhi , Wang Gang
Published: February 2024

Specialized epoxy resin, capable of achieving room-temperature profound curing and sustaining prolonged exposure to high-temperature environments, stands as a pivotal material in modern high-end manufacturing sectors including aerospace, marine equipment fabrication, machinery production, and the electronics industry. Herein, a silicon-hybridized epoxy resin, amenable to room-temperature curing and designed for high-temperature applications, was synthesized using a sol–gel methodology with silicate esters and silane coupling agents serving as silicon sources. Resin characterization indicates a uniform distribution of silicon elements in the obtained silicon hybrid epoxy resin. In comparison to the non-hybridized epoxy resin, notable improvements are observed in room-temperature curing performance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength.