bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of menstrual cup among female medical students in private medical college
Authors: Brindhaavanan Pavithra Gangadharan , Ranganadhan Prateeksha , Boominathan Charumathi , Parasuraman Gomathy
Published: December 2022

Background: Menstrual cups have been available for decades, but their use in India is limited because of the popularity of sanitary pads. Menstrual cups are a safe and feasible alternative to the more widely used sanitary napkins. Objective of this study was to assess menstrual cup awareness among the female medical college students.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 389 undergraduate female medical students, among which 355 students responded after consent. Data was collected through Google forms using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. Collected data was transferred to Microsoft excel and was analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Chi-square test was used to determine the association.Results: Among the 355 female medical students, 215 (60%) of them belonged to upper middle class. 335 (94%) of them were unmarried. (282) 80% of the students had knowledge regarding menstrual cups, in which majority were aware of the material used to manufacture the cups. The cup was preferred by 100 (28%) and 54 (15%) of them used menstrual cups for its comfort, easiness to wear and less odor. Few of them had pain, dryness and rashes after the use of menstrual cup. Problem of leakage was encountered in 15-26%. There was significant association between income and usage of menstrual cup (p<0.05).Conclusions: Menstrual cup is a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to tampons and sanitary napkins. Menstrual cup also appears to be a comfortable, safe and efficient option for menstrual hygiene. Due to the popularity and promotion of napkins, there is lack of awareness on menstrual cups. So, awareness programs must be conducted to enlighten the benefits on usage of menstrual cups, so as to promote menstrual health and hygiene.
Factors associated with spontaneous abortion and to implement a home based post abortion care protocol from a prevention perspective in a rural part of Odisha, South-Eastern India: a hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Singh Smita , Swain Dharitri
Published: December 2022

Background: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is one of the most common unfavourable reproductive outcomes among women around the world, making maternal health promotion a major challenge. The aim of the current study was to identify the potential predictors associated with SA and recognized the need for providing home-based post-abortion care counselling to lower post abortion complications.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the rural women ages of 18 and 45 years who had experienced at least one spontaneous miscarriage of less than 20 weeks of pregnancy. Participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire that included demographic, socioeconomic, and reproductive health information. Home based post abortion care protocol was introduced among the target populations for prevention of post abortion complications and maternal satisfaction was assessed after one week of implementation.Results: Of the 485 patients screened for eligibility, 24.12% had a history of at least one SA. The multivariate analysis revealed that occurrence of SA in our study is significantly associated with gravidity, multiparity, previous pregnancy complications, with a history of unfavourable fetal outcome and maternal comorbidities. Home based post abortion care protocol resulted higher maternal satisfaction and lower post abortion infection rate.Conclusions: The findings of our study reveals multiple modifiable factors may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. One of the community participatory interventions in terms of providing home based post abortion care module resulted a significant impact on improving maternal satisfaction and lower post abortion infection rate among rural women.
Effect of maternal anaemia on foetal Doppler indices during third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Atram Saurabh , Chaudhary Vinod
Published: December 2022

Background: Anaemia is amongst the most common medical disorders encountered during pregnancy all over the world. India has a high rate of anaemia in pregnant women. Anaemia has a recognizable effect on both maternal and foetal health during pregnancy and on perinatal outcome, contributing remarkably to maternal morbidity and mortality. Routine foetal monitoring is an essential investigation for such females with special emphasis on obstetrics Doppler ultrasonography. Various changes due to foetal hypoxia due to maternal anaemia can be remarkably appreciated on Doppler helping in timely management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal anaemia on foetal Doppler indices.Methods: 400 pregnant women were assessed in a cross-section observational study done in the department of Radiodiagnosis in MYH, Indore, India. These women were divided into three groups of mild, moderate and severe anaemia based on the level of haemoglobin.Results: Umbilical artery resistive and pulsatility indices were found to be increased with the increasing severity of anaemia while middle cerebral artery indices and CPR showed a decreasing trend with the increasing severity of anaemia.Conclusions: We found that severe maternal anaemia is associated with marked adaption in foetal haemodynamics. Obstetrics Doppler can be used as an accurate measure of surveillance for foetal monitoring and will help in appropriate management.
Rupture uterus in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Dhar Gautami , Sarma Hem Kanta Dev
Published: December 2022

Background: Rupture uterus is an obstetric life-threatening complication with poor maternal and fetal outcome. The most common risk factor is previous uterine surgeries. Incidence is 0.3/1000 to 7/1000 deliveries in developing countries like India. According to WHO, incidence is 5.35 per 10000 live births. It accounts for 5-10% of maternal deaths. Uterine rupture is associated with significant uterine bleeding, fetal distress and demise, expulsion or protrusion of fetus, placenta or both into the abdominal cavity and need for laparotomy and prompt delivery of the baby, uterine rent repair, or hysterectomy. The objective of this study was to find out the incidence of uterine rupture in Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta and to evaluate its causes.Methods: This hospital based descriptive study of rupture uterus was conducted over a period of 1 year from January 2021 to December 2021, in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College, Barpeta, Assam. All cases of rupture uterus, who were referred from periphery and admitted in our hospital or who developed this complication during hospital stay, were included in the study.  Results: Uterine rupture is one of the most catastrophic complications in obstetrics. The incidence of uterine rupture in our centre was 0.43%. Previous caesarean section accounted for 38.46% of uterine rupture, that too in the lower segment (94.73%). Subtotal/total hysterectomy was done in 30.76% cases and 69.23% cases were repaired. Perinatal mortality was 92.30%, 7.69% of cases were live birth, as these cases were rightly diagnosed, and prompt and timely management was done.Conclusions: Rupture uterus most commonly occurred in scarred uterus. Identification of high-risk pregnancy, judicious caesarean section, proper labour monitoring with the use of partograph, early diagnosis and prompt management are essential in reducing its occurrences.
Incidence and determinants of low birth weight in a tertiary hospital at South Andaman: a prospective study
Authors: Stephen Lena Charlette , Barik Shreya , Malakar Abhishek
Published: December 2022

Background: Birth weight is an important predictor of an individual’s survival and well-being and the complications of children born with low birth weight (LBW) continue till adulthood. The incidence and risk factors of LBW are not known in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and research answers can help institute appropriate preventive measures. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of LBW due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth (PTB) and its association with selected factors.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences amongst pregnant women admitted between January-June 2021. Women<18 years, with gestational age<28 weeks, and belonging to tribal groups were excluded. After delivery, birth-weight was recorded to the nearest 10 g in first hour.Results: The incidence of LBW was 24% with 57% due to IUGR. It was significantly higher in recent immigrants, gravidity beyond three, smokeless tobacco uses during pregnancy, high risk pregnancies including multiple miscarriages and preterm deliveries. Five or more antenatal check-ups and > 6 Kg weight gain during pregnancy were protective. Conclusions: Ensuring adequate antenatal check- ups and weight gain during pregnancy, control of tobacco exposure and quality care for women with recurrent abortions and high risk pregnancy is imperative, particularly targeting recent migrants. Strengthening ongoing family planning programmes to increase spacing, identifying pregnancies at risk of preterm deliveries and improved care of premature newborns should be a priority.
Cervical polyp: histomorphological spectrum of ninety-two cases a five-year study
Authors: Kundu Parveen Rana , Hooda Sunaina , . Parul , Singh Kulwant , Agarwal Ruchi , Kaur Swaran
Published: December 2022

Background: Cervix is vulnerable to many pathological changes ranging from inflammation to malignancy. Cervical polyp is one of the commonest cervical lesion seen in about 2-5% of women. They are more frequent in parous women and are mostly asymptomatic. Symptomatic polyps are frequent in the premenopausal women with most common clinical presentation of AUB(abnormal uterine bleed). Usually they are benign but there are chances of malignant transformation. This study was done to analyse the clinico-pathological spectrum of cervical polyp at a tertiary care institute Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in department of Pathology, BPS GMC for Women Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat over a period of 5 years. All patients who had been diagnosed with cervical polyp clinically and underwent subsequent histopathological sampling were included. Results: A total of 92 cases were included in the study. AUB was the most common clinical presentation of these patients with cervical polyp. Most common age group was 30 to 55 years. Out of 92 cases 47 were of endocervical type polyp, followed by 20 cases of leiomyomatous polypConclusions: To conclude in this study we found that the most common type of cervical polyp is endocervical type. Keeping in view the malignant transformation histopathological sampling of polyp is essential.
Urticarial rash of pregnancy turning into a rare and scary dermatosis of pregnancy: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ahuja Mayuri , Srivastava Ruchi , Agarwal Shelly , Agarwal Niharika
Published: December 2022

Dermatosis of pregnancy encompasses a group of skin conditions that occurs due to interaction of multiple factors in the body during pregnancy or during post-partum period. We presented a case of 25-year-old G4P1L1A2 with initial symptom of urticarial rash which later progressed to a rare and a scary dermatosis of pregnancy which became a challenge both to the obstetrician and the dermatologist.
Prenatal diagnosis of binders phenotype: a cross road to decision making
Authors: Manasa Kopperla , Sraddha Allam Sree , Susmitha B.
Published: December 2022

Binder’s syndrome is an uncommon congenital condition which develops in the first trimester of pregnancy and has characteristic effects on the facial features. Those effects are: arhinoid face, intermaxillary hypoplasia (associated with malocclusion), abnormal position of the nasal bones, nasal mucosa atrophy, anterior nasal spine agenesis and (in most cases) a lack of frontal sinuses. Other deformities, as well as mental retardation, are also possible. Due to the rarity of the disease, there are no treatment trials for these patients. Treatments reported in the medical literature are part of single case reports or small case series of patients. Here is a case report of a 23-year-old who presented to OPD at 26 weeks with features of binders’ phenotype. This woman delivered an infant of 2.7 kg without other abnormalities and no respiratory distress postnatally. Sonographic evaluation during pregnancy depicts proper differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. Multidisciplinary approach is mandatory in order to establish meticulous treatment. Further studies must be conducted, achieving this ultimate scope. Even so, the parents should be counselled that Binder syndrome is a tentative diagnosis prenatally, and that not all genetic syndromes can be prenatally excluded.
A case report on pregnancy with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary hypertension managed uneventfully at a tertiary health care in India
Authors: Kumari Gitanjali , Kakade Aniket , Panchanadikar Tushar
Published: December 2022

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most frequent kind of cyanotic congenital heart disease beyond the age of one year, accounting for around 10% of all congenital heart disease cases. Natural (non-corrective) survival into the fourth decade is quite unusual (3 %). There are various physiological and heamodynamic changes that occur in pregnancy, which makes causes complications in pregnancy and delivery in already compromised women, including women with uncorrected ToF. ToF is still a major source of maternal morbidity (62%) and even fatality (10%) in ToF patients, and it has a considerable impact on foetal outcome. Discussed below a case of pregnancy in a 26-year-old woman with uncorrected ToF, was diagnosed to have pulmonary hypertension, was admitted for safe confinement. She was taken up for elective LSCS with due risk and was later shifted to ICU for further management.
Overview of thyroid gland characteristics in pregnancy using ultrasonography as an assessment tool
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Shukla Prachi , Taya Silky
Published: December 2022

Thyroid gland is one of the most common gland affected during pregnancy as it responds to the increased physiological demands of iodine and energy during pregnancy. Any thyroid dysfunction can result in abortion, preterm labor or affects fetal neurodevelopment. Various anthropometric factors or genetic factors apart from iodine intake are known to affect the size of thyroid gland. Changes in thyroid gland morphology can be easily measured using ultrasonography as clinically the enlargement can be labelled as goiter. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the changes in thyroid gland during pregnancy and assess the different factors affecting its size across the various studies as the literature data concerning the thyroid gland enlargement during pregnancy is controversial. Various articles on thyroid volume changes during pregnancy from literature were reviewed along with a cross-sectional observation done in a government hospital setup in India, on 240 patients who were divided into 4 groups of 60 patients each which included non-pregnant females in group 1 and pregnant females in all three trimesters respectively in the rest 3 groups. Thyroid gland morphology and its characteristics such as volume, nodularity, echogenicity and vascularity were measured using high frequency ultrasonography in each group and then compared. Thyroid volume in the third trimester group (7.24±1.16 ml) was found to be significantly greater (p<0.001) than in the non-pregnant group (5.44±0.82 ml). BMI was found to be the highest in third trimester group as expected. Even in iodine sufficient areas we found thyroid gland volume to increase during pregnancy from non-pregnant group along with thyroid gland nodularity. Vascularity assessed based on CDFS pattern shows pattern I to be most common. Variation in thyroid gland characteristics between pregnant and non-pregnant controls was found.
Effect of e-cigarettes on oral health and the development of periodontitis
Authors: Bamani Mervat Said , Alkurdi Khalid Abdulkader , Muqri Belal Taher , Tayeb Omniah Sameer , Al-Dehneen Hassan Ali , BinAfif Khawlah Salem , Alhazzani Hisham Abdullah , Alanezi Malak Abdullah , Bakhshwain Maha Ali , Almutairi Aminah Sultan , Alwadai Joharah Mughaddi
Published: December 2022

Tobacco cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for oral diseases, especially periodontal diseases. Over the past few years, electronic cigarettes (or "E-cigarettes") have gained popularity. There is some evidence that e-cigarettes may play a role in helping people quit smoking, and they are occasionally seen as a less dangerous alternative to tobacco use. However, there are worries about their effects on health, notably in terms of oral health and the emergence of periodontal disease. Limited information is available regarding the effect on oral disease. E-cigarettes come in a variety of nicotine strengths and flavoring combinations, all of which have been associated with detrimental oral health issues. A growing body of research supports the idea that vaping or using electronic cigarettes may increase the chance of developing oral health problems such as tooth decay, gum disease, periodontal disease, cracked or broken teeth, and pain in the tongue or inside of the cheek. Even if e-cigarettes were less harmful, they still could lead to the development of periodontal diseases through the decreased antioxidant capacity of saliva, the inflammatory effect, cell injury, and impaired reparability. High levels of nicotine content and menthol-favoring additives increase risk of periodontal damage in e-cigarette users. However, conflicting study results are also published for smokers who transitioned to e-cigarettes. Even though benefits or value of e-cigarettes as a substitute for tobacco cigarettes are still unknown, their impact on periodontal and general health status is still prominent.
Comparison between clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging in accurately diagnosing meniscal tears
Authors: Mamillapalli Siva K. , Chowdam Jagan B.
Published: December 2022

Background: The primary goal of this study was to examine the correlation between clinical results, MRI scans, and Arthroscopic findings in the case of meniscal injury. We compared various parameters between clinical findings and MRI findings in case of suspected meniscus injury cases keeping Arthroscopy findings as the gold standard.

Methods: Patients coming to our OPD with complaints of knee pain were examined by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon. The sample size of our study was 60 cases. All suspected meniscal tear cases underwent clinical examination, MRI scanning and Arthroscopic examination to assess the relationship between clinical findings and MRI findings, keeping Arthroscopy findings as a gold standard.

Results: For the diagnosis of medial and lateral meniscus tears, a clinical evaluation carried out by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon exhibited greater sensitivity, specificity, precision, and negative and positive predictive values than MRI.

Conclusions: A clinical evaluation by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon yielded superior outcomes than an MRI for diagnosing meniscal injuries. MRI is indicated in case of complex knee injuries.
Evaluation of functional outcome by modified mayo wrist score in intra- articular distal end radius fracture managed by plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Verma Ashish , Meena Laxmi Narayan , Kumar B. L.
Published: December 2022

Background: Fractures of distal end of radius continue to pose a therapeutic challenge. Intra articular and extra articular malalignment can lead to various complications like post traumatic osteoarthrosis, decreased grip strength and endurance, as well as limited motion and carpal instability.

Methods: A prospective study of forty patients with intra-articular distal end radial fractures treated under the department of orthopaedics, PIMS, Udaipur, were included in this study. All patients managed by plate osteosynthesis were followed up to 9 months.

Results: When outcome according to modified Mayo wrist scoring system was assessed, only one patient (2.50%) scored with poor grade. 11 (27.50%) were graded as excellent, 19 (22.50%) as grade good, 9 (22.50%) as grade fair. 32 (80%) patients had union within 2-3 months and 06 (15%) patients had union in 3-4 months. There were 2 (5%) case of delayed union.

Conclusions: Assessment of functional outcome by modified mayo wrist score in intra-articular distal end radius fracture managed by plate osteosynthesis gives an excellent scoring system to assess outcome of communited intrarticular distal radius fractures with reference to function of the hand and wrist of the individual. Also, it will help to predict the likely functional outcome in relation to fracture pattern of distal radius.

 
Prospective study of functional outcome of distal femur fracture managed by distal femur nailing
Authors: Tayade Sameer R. , Kukal Shashikant B. , Nalhe Shreenivas M.
Published: December 2022

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the functional outcome of distal third femur fracture managed by retrograde intramedullary nailing.

Methods: 25 patients with closed distal third femur fracture were enrolled in the study satisfying the inclusion criteria and underwent surgical management with distal femur nailing. Follow up of all the patients was done at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The functional outcome of all the operated patients was evaluated by using Lysholm knee scoring system.

Results: In present study 25 cases underwent surgical management with distal femur nailing. After the clinical sign and radiological sign of union, cases were trained with active and passive joint mobilization exercises and functional outcome was evaluated by Lysholm knee scoring system (component-limp, support, pain, instability, locking, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting). The scores were further graded as excellent (>90), good (84-90), fair (65-83) and poor (<65). Out of 25 patient, functional outcome was excellent in 13 (52%), good in 4(13%), fair in 6 (24%) and poor in 2 (8%).

Conclusions: The retrograde intramedullary nailing can be considered as a successful, safe reliable, effective and useful technique which should find a place in the armamentarium of every orthopaedic surgeon who deals with distal third femoral fractures.
Osteosarcoma of jaw, common entity at an uncommon site: a rare case report
Authors: Bansal Atithi A. , Bhalekar Surekha H. , Bhalekar Surekha H. , Shetty Divya
Published: December 2022

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Jaw is an uncommon site. The etiopathogenesis is still unknown. We present a case of 47-year-old female who underwent left partial maxillectomy as the lesion increased in size over one month after removal of a tooth. Prior to the surgery, computed tomography (CT) scan was suggestive of left maxillary sinus carcinoma and biopsy report was suggestive of spindle cell lesion. Partial maxillectomy specimen received in which size of the tumor was 5.5×5.5×4 cm with a pearly-white, solid, homogenous cut surface with gritty sensation on cutting. On histopathology it turned out to be osteosarcoma of the jaw. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) was done to confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. The patient was given chemotherapy after the confirmation and at present the patient is doing well.
Effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis on concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in Indian populations
Authors: Maurya Rajendra Prakash , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Tiwari Shivam , Kumar Bhupendra , Yadav Abhay Kumar , Ashish Ashish , Singh Nitish Kumar , Kaur Manpreet , Mishra Shivani , Vishwakarma Shani , Mishra Surendra Pratap , Khanam Nargis , Dubey Pooja , Yadav Janhavi , Singh Royana
Published: December 2022

Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare life threatening invasive fungal infection that has recently shown a very high mortality rate in India during COVID-19 pandemic. We have designed the present study to find out associations between COVID-19 induced rhino-orbital mucormycosis and concentrations of inflammatory markers, i.e. D-dimer, Ferritin, IL-6, CRP and PCT, in blood serum of Indian population.

There were four groups in the study, viz. control group with healthy subjects, treatment group-1 with patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection, treatment group-2 with patients suffering from both SARS-COV-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and treatment group-3 with patients suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis after SARS-COV-2 infection recovery. Inflammatory markers were quantified with standard protocols, and recorded data were subjected to statistical analyses.

We found that patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection were more susceptible to rhino-orbital mucormycosis, as they had higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in their blood than the other subjects. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and renal disorders were the associated comorbidities with the patients. We also found higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in males than the females, indicating towards their higher susceptibility in developing rhino-orbital mucormycosis than females.

Present study therefore suggests that the frequent occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in India during second wave of COVID-19 was possibly due to indiscriminate use of corticosteroids by COVID-19 patients. Subjects with previous history of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and renal diseases are the most susceptible population groups for developing infection. Moreover, males are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis than the females.
Visual improvement after corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus
Authors: Sultana Zakia , Ul Kadir Syeed Mehbub , Hassan Syed A , Sayeed Ashraf , Jahan Ishrat , Rifat Ahmad Masud , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Islam Shahidul , Talukder Abdul Khaleque , Maurya Rajendra Prakash
Published: December 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking on visual acuity, astigmatism and topographic readings (K1, K2, Kapex).

: A nonrandomized noncontrolled clinical study was conducted in two tertiary eye centres in Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. All attending patients diagnosed with Keratoconus were included in this study according to selection criteria. Patients with a corneal thickness of fewer than 400 microns, previous viral infection, cornea scarring, corneal opacification, severe ocular surface disease, history of immune disorders, pregnancy, and breastfeeding were excluded from the study. All selected patients underwent collagen cross-linking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A, followed up five days, one and six months following the procedure. Visual acuity, topographic readings (K1, K2, Kapex) and cylindrical values were assessed on every visit. The mean value of visual acuity was compared statistically with the baseline value.

: A total of 30 eyes of 30 patients were studied in this study. The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. The Mean age (± SD) of the study subjects was 22.7±7.10. Before CXL, the Mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) ±SD was 0.86±.35. In post-CXL follow-up time, the mean UCVA±SD was 0.46±.23 after six months of CXL. Before CXL, the Mean BCVA±SD was 0.35±.22. In post CXL era, the Mean ± SD BCVA was 0.14±.13 after six months of CXL. The Mean K1±SD was 45.66±3.43 before CXL, and the result changed after CXL. The Mean K1±SD was 43.29±3.29 after six months of CXL. The Mean K2±SD was 50.22±5.93 before CXL, and the result differed after six months of CXL. The Mean Kapex ±SD was 54.50±7.38 before CXL, and that was 51.32±6.93 after six months of CXL.

Keratoconus is a bilateral non-inflammatory disorder progressively leading to vision-threatening ocular morbidity. Collagen cross-linking improves visual and topographic findings– K1, K2, and Kapex and reduces astigmatism. Early diagnosis of Keratoconus and prompt treatment will help achieve better vision.
Pattern of ocular morbidities during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary eye care centre in central India
Authors: Singh Manisha , Saxena Tejaswiny , Kubrey Sooraj , Dubey Aditi , Som Vivek , Kumar Kavita
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to observe the pattern of ocular morbidities in patients attending the ophthalmology department during the COVID-19 pandemic.

: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary eye care centre in Central India from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020, among a total of 982 patients with ocular manifestations who attended the outpatient department or emergency department. A detailed history was taken and a complete anterior and posterior segment examination was done. The standard investigation and treatment protocol of the institution was followed in all cases.

: A total of 982 patients were enrolled in our study with a mean age of 36.42±18.05 years. Male preponderance was noted with an M: F ratio of 2.43. A wide spectrum of ocular manifestations during COVID-19 was observed. The anterior segment was involved in 85.1% and the posterior segment was involved in 14.9% and most common ocular manifestations affecting the anterior segment were noted as computer vision syndrome observed in 18.1% cases, followed by cataracts in 11.4% cases.

: Various programs should be implemented to help in reducing the load of visual disability and blindness in the community which is increased after the COVID outbreak. With changing trends in geographical and socio-economical patterns of diseases, similar kinds of a pandemic may occur in the future. There should be formation of flexible government strategies for changing dynamics that can be timely implemented in the future for better management of curable/avoidable diseases.
Effect on determinants of dry eye after phacoemulsification
Authors: Kumar Ankur , Gahanoliya Kavita , Maanju Siddharth , Kumar Kishor
Published: December 2022

Quantitative analysis of determinants of dry eye among patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery.

This was a single-centered hospital-based, prospective observational study.

Sixty eyes of sixty patients suffering from senile cataract undergoing phacoemulsification surgery were evaluated after randomly selecting them and were followed up postoperatively on day 1 and week 4 to evaluate the dry eye parameters selected for the study.

A total of 60 eyes of 60 patients were chosen with a mean age of 63.96 ± 6.95 (mean ± SD) years. The mean baseline Schirmer’s test I, tear break-up time, lissamine test, and OSDI values were 25.45 ± 4.68 mm, 14.15±2.79 s, 1.26 ± 0.44 s, and 7.28 ± 3.13 respectively, whereas post-operatively day 1 the values were 14.75 ± 4.32 mm, 8.91 ± 2.93 s, 3.11 ± 0.78, and 22.85 ± 6.80 respectively. On 4 week follow-up, the value were 22.60 ± 4.54 mm, 13.30 ± 2.79 s, 1.43 ± 0.67, and 12.13 ± 5.45 respectively.

Dry eye after cataract surgery is mainly because of tear film stability.The study points to the fact that patients experience increase in dry eye symptoms postoperatively. We also observed a very predictable trend of dry eye in our study, wherein the incidence increases immediately in the early postoperative period, followed by a gradual decrease in dry eye parameters approaching their preoperative baseline value.
A study on demographic profile and predisposing factors of corneal ulcer in South India
Authors: Shams Zainu , Anand Adithya , Pradeep G N
Published: December 2022

To study the epidemiological characteristics and predisposing factors of infective corneal ulcer.

: 222 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. A standardised proforma was used to record demographic data like, age, sex, occupation, rural/urban background and relevant history like associated ocular and systemic disorders, history of corneal injury, previous treatment and duration of symptoms. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22 software for chi square test.

: 222 cases of infectious corneal ulcer was enrolled to the study out of which 138 (62.16%) were males and 84 (37.83%) were females. Out of the total, 132 (59.45%) were hailing from rural and 90 (40.54%) were hailing from urban background. Mean age of presentation was 52.009 years with standard deviation 12.26. 45.44% were farmers. 21.62% patients were diabetic. Ocular trauma was the most common predisposing factor, which was present in 24.32% (n=54). There was statistically significant association between trauma with vegetative matter and fungal corneal ulcer (p=0.004).

These findings are in consensus with the epidemiological characterstics and predisposing factors in our geographic zone. Large number of fungal keratitis is associated with agriculture based economy, inadvertent use of steroid drops which implies lack of awareness.
SD-OCT guided analysis of retinal nerve fibre layer in ammetropes in central India
Authors: Raichandani Divya , Gupta Rituka , Dubey Aditi , Singh Manisha , Kumar Kavita , Som Vivek
Published: December 2022

The retinal nerve fibre layer is a most crucial indicator of optic nerve damage in glaucoma as it advances visual field loss. Thickness of the RNFL can be measured using high resolution OCT. We conducted this study to evaluate the alterations in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by SD- OCT in ametropes and to find various factors affecting RNFL thickness.

: Study of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in ametropes in tertiary care hospital of central India.

Hospital based prospective observational study included 300 eyes of 150 participants. Visiting ophthalmology outpatient department Gandhi medical college and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

: Patients were divided into five groups of 60 eyes each on the basis of refractive status of eyes into emetropia, low hypermetropia, moderate hypermetropia, low mypopia and moderate mypopia. Subjects were subjected to OCT scan and RNFL thickness was measured. All groups were evaluated and observations were noted and results were analysed.

To find the association between degree of ametropia and RNFL thickness one way ANOVA test was used. Correlation between axial length and RNFL was assesed by pearson correlation coefficient. p value <0.05 was considered as significant.

: RNFL thickness in different groups followed ISNT rule with inferior quadrant showing the greatest thickness followed by the superior, nasal and temporal quadrants. The average RNFL thickness in emmetropics, Low hyperopic, Moderate hyperopic, Low myopic, Moderate myopic was 111.90μm, 110.58 μm, 114.59 μm, 103.33 μm, 93.33 μm respectively, wheras average axial length was 23.85mm, 22.36mm, 21.33mm, 24.72mm, 25.63mm.

: With the help of OCT, we can differentiate the changes in RNFL thickness in various refractive errors. So, the refractive status of the eye should be kept in mind before making any ocular diagnosis in which the RNFL is a diagnostic criteria.
Multiple migratory caterpillar hairs in the eye – A case report
Authors: Asokan Kaaviya , Cherian Juhy , Vijay Venipriya , Prasanth Hannah Ranjee , Srinivasan Renuka
Published: December 2022

A 40-year-old male presented with a history of caterpillar fall in his right eye with subsequent foreign body feeling, discomfort, and redness to a tertiary care facility in southern India. His best corrected visual acuity in both eyes was 6/6. The IOP in both eyes were within normal range. Multiple caterpillar hairs were seen during a thorough examination of the right eye, in the palpebral conjunctiva, the superficial and deep corneal stroma, and the anterior chamber. There was no anterior chamber reaction. The fundus examination were within normal limits. Under topical anaesthesia, caterpillar hairs in the conjunctiva were removed with the help of forceps. The patient was started on topical steroids and antibiotics. The patient was carefully monitored. The patient's symptoms had improved. During the next visit, caterpillar hairs in the superficial cornea was removed. Despite having hairs in the anterior chamber, this patient had no anterior or posterior chamber reactivity. Two hairs on the iris were visible during the next follow-up, but there were none in the cornea or conjunctiva. The patient is still being followed up on regular basis (9 months). Caterpillar hairs have the capacity to move intraocularly through the cornea and are known to elicit an inflammatory response in the eye. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the potential for intraocular inflammation following the quiescent stage.
Rare case of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome with secondary glaucoma
Authors: Suresh Ruthra , Gnanadurai Samuel Cornelius
Published: December 2022

A rare case of 40 years old female, came with complaints of pain and blurring of vision in the left eye for the past week. The patient had a diminution of vision since birth in her left eye. On examination left eye vision was found to be 6/60 not improving with pinhole, also defective color vision 20/25. The right-eye vision was found to be normal. The left eye showed significant corneal edema, and moderate anterior chamber depth, with iris features of Corectopia, Pseudopolycoria, and iris atrophy. Pressures were found to be 30mm hg in the left eye, gonioscopy revealed high peripheral anterior synechiae extending anteriorly above Schwalbe’s line. Left eye fundoscopy was done and it showed increased CDR of 0.8 to 0.9 following which visual field analysis was done, it showed inferior field defect. The patient was started on e/d timolol and hypertonic saline for a week. The patient was reviewed after a week showing reduced pressures of 22mmg in the left eye with reduced corneal edema and pain. Diagnosis of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome-essential iris atrophy type with secondary glaucoma was made and now the patient is being followed up regularly. An iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is a group of disorders with three clinical variants as Chandler syndrome, Essential iris atrophy, and Cogan Reese syndrome. Pathology is the presence of abnormal endothelial cells, which behave as epithelial cells, able to proliferate and migrate. The iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is frequently associated with secondary glaucoma.
Interesting case of groenblad-strandberg syndrome
Authors: Charan Madisetty Sairam , Gnanadurai Samuel Cornelius , Vageesha T. M
Published: December 2022

A 40-year old female came with complaints of headache for 5 days. Her general examination and vitals were within normal limits. On complete ophthalmic examination we found there are irregular streaks radiating from disc in the fundus of both the eyes suggesting of angioid streaks. We did a dermatological evaluation in view of increased stretchability of skin and papules over neck & thigh and diagnosed as pseudoxanthoma elasticum. So we diagnosed as angioid streaks with pseudoxanthoma elasticum also known as Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome.
Ligneous conjunctivitis: A challenging case to manage
Authors: Akhter Rifat , Nuruddin Murtuza
Published: December 2022

Ligneous Conjunctivitis is an autosomal recessive, chronic form of conjunctivitis characterized by formation of pseudo-membrane particularly over tarsal conjunctiva attributed to plasminogen deficiency. Various forms of medical and surgical treatment modalities have been reported. We are reporting a case of ligneous conjunctivitis in a nine month old baby managed successfully with both topical and intravenous fresh frozen plasma, topical heparin and cyclosporine.
The Potential of Domestic Political Unity in the Reputational Dimension of the Image of Power: The Psychological Aspect
Authors: Rozanova Nina
Published: December 2022

The article describes psychological features of reputational image of Russian power in general and regional executive power. We consider the possibility of using the power reputation potential as a value basis for increasing internal political unity of power and society, which helps to overcome the alienation between them, in the context of the state national security policy strategy implementation. The article presents the results residents of the Russian Federation perceptions research with the psychological dimension of power reputational image perception considering such parameters as attractiveness, power and activity, as well as analyzing the unconscious and rational elements. It is shown that Russian and regional executive power looks rather attractive (а positive reputation image), however, has its own characteristics. The Russian power in general is perceived as strong and active (the position in the international arena), passivity is noted in situations related to interaction with people (domestic policy issues). The regional executive branch is perceived as weaker, more dependent and passive. It is noted that the study of the Russian power reputation represents interest in the light of the constitutional consolidation of a unified system of public authority, which involves the coordinated action of different levels of government as a whole for the benefit of citizens.
The Revival of Tajik Jewellery or The Birth of a Myth?
Authors: Ivannikova Irina
Published: December 2022

The paper focuses on the attempt made in the last decades of the Soviet government to revive the traditional jewelry art in Tajikistan. The state of traditional jewelry art in the republic during the years of Soviet power and, in particular, at the end of the third quarter of the 20th century, is assessed. The creative path of the artists who have become folk craftsmen is described as well as the philosophical concept of the ‘Three weddings’ created by them. It is, on the one hand, an experience of comprehending their artistic creativity, explaining the symbolism of a work of jewelry art, and, on the other hand, the application of this experience to various stages of a person’s life path. The connection between different groups of Tajik jewelry and age gradations that existed in the traditional Tajik society is explained. An interpretation of some symbols that are figurative, color, and numerological, which are used in the works of traditional jewelry art, is given. An essay written in the mid-1990s is incorporated in the paper, being the first exposition of the concept of the ‘Three Weddings’. It gives a description of different groups of traditional Tajik women’s jewelry — amulets, bracelets, necklaces, etc., described in parallel in their traditional and modern forms. It compares how traditional and modern jewelry created within the same jewelry tradition can be perceived.
Hikifuda, or What Japanese Advertising Looked Like at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries (Collection from the Russian State Art Library)
Authors: Nikiforova Nadezhda
Published: December 2022

Hikifuda are woodcut or lithograph prints that retailers and wholesalers, mercantile agencies, and other organizations in Japan of the Meiji era (1868–1912) used as advertising materials. The Meiji era was the period of great Japanese transformation from a medieval country into a modern power which was treated by European countries as equal. As a result, the new type of advertisement helped in spreading western ideas and lifestyles among the residents. Besides, the low price and mass production of the leaflets is another reason for their high popularity along with in whole Japan. The hikifuda handbills gave start to a new stage in the Japanese advertising industry and developed means of communication, connected Japanese traditional art with European modern trade tendencies. They have a great variety of subjects, which contain deep symbols and signs related to Japanese history and culture: traditional Japanese Ukiyo-e engravings: Women in kimono, children, the Seven Gods of Fortune Ebisu, Daikokuten, Benzaiten and others, dragons and mount Fuji and other various symbols. Besides traditional Japanese symbols, telephones, telegraph poles, mailboxes, European clothing stores, and even tobacco shops were depicted as signs of the influence of the Western lifestyle on the Japanese economy, politics, culture, and everyday life. The research is based on materials from the collection of the RSAL Iconography Department that hosts various samples of hikifuda advertising leaflets. Presumably, they were produced in the early 20th century by the Osaka printing workshop. Japanese advertising leaflets in the Russian State Art Library (RSAL) collection represent an interesting, but still poorly researched layer of urban art in Japan at the turn of the 19th—20th century.
Balbir Madhopuri. Ātaṅk aur jātivādī ḍaṅk / Terror and Casteism Sting (Сhapters from Chāṅgiā rukh / Against the Night)
Authors: Bochkovskaya Anna V.
Published: December 2022

The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist, and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s (Pic. 1, 2, 3). Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 36 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 44 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for his contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. His new fiction novel Miṭṭī bol paī (Earth Has Spoken, 2020) focuses on the struggle of downtrodden Punjabis for their human rights and the ad-dharam movement in the North of India in the 1920–1940s. This novel brought him a prestigious international award for excellence in Punjabi fiction, the Dhahan Prize, in 2021. Narrating his autobiography, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts, and emotions from childhood and youth days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation, and injustice. The first of the two translated chapters, Dillī ke lie ravāngī (Departure for Delhi [Madhopuri, 2010], describes the atmosphere of the 1980s — the times of an undeclared terrorist war in Punjab when Sikh secessionists struggled for establishing an independent Khalistan state in India. Looting, raping, killing, setting off bombs in buses and trains, and taking civilian hostages became a sad reality that forced many Punjabis to leave their homes forever. In the final chapter of the book, Kirāyedārī kī lānat (Being a Tenant), Balbir Madhopuri reflects on the issues of social oppression and caste inequality that remain in the contemporary society and tells readers about the most difficult initial period of his life in India’s cosmopolitan capital.