bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating stochastic text data to solve privacy issues in social networking
Authors: Abhari Abdolreza , Li Jason , Buhagiar Nicholas
Published: May 2021

This work addresses one of the privacy concerns regarding testing social media applications, where testing applications such as recommender systems requires input data from real users. The aim of this paper is to show how probability distributions, in particular the Weibull model, can be used to generate large collections of artificial unstructured data to simulate real data for testing recommender systems. In this work we analyzed data from two social media websites: user tweets on Twitter and comments made in discussion forums on Reddit, both of which contain several thousand data instances.
A ‘Natural’ Approach to Design
Authors: Rogers Damian A. S. , Salustri Filippo A.
Published: May 2021

Current design processes are all generally similar in approach, but none yet address sustainability directly. When sustainable design is pursued, bio-inspired design or biomimicry are invariably used. These approaches attempt to reuse principles found in nature to conceptualize artifact designs. However, sustainable design approaches have yet to be integrated into typical design
processes as they occur in practice; these methods generally work by seeking solutions only on a
case-by-case basis. As a result, sustainable design methods like biomimicry tend to be used as ancillary or "after the fact" techniques. To fully integrate sustainability into design processes, the authors believe we must look more deeply at the processes that occur in nature and that have led to
the organisms often referred to in biomimicry and related methods.
The authors’ study of natural evolutionary processes has led them to believe that there is significant similarity in the way successive generations of artifacts and organisms change. We found that
we could describe processes in generic terms that applied equally well to natural evolution and the
way that artifacts change over time: that is to say, we found an analogy between generational
changes in artifacts and in organisms. The authors are now delving into more detail, and are finding that the analogy can extend to cover natural selection, mutation, and genetic structures. A detailed explanation of this analogy, working at several different levels, is given in this paper. Furthermore, natural and artificial lifecycle processes are shown to be nearly identical.
Since the analogy appears to hold well at many levels of detail, the authors propose to create a genetic structure (a genome) for artifacts. We contend that such a structure would be useful for designers. For example, we find that using the structure of the analogy as a guide can help reduce
complexity of design problems. Also, we show that the artificial “genes” lend themselves to description via pattern languages, which are also known to reduce problem complexity. We hypothesize that using pattern languages to represent an artificial genome for designed artifacts will result
in a useful, more holistic approach to sustainable design - one that is literally inspired by nature.
Spent ground coffee – awaking the sustainability prospects
Authors: Kueh Ahmad Beng Hong
Published: May 2021

This paper outlines the threat of spent coffee ground (SCG) towards environmental health and some promising remedial efforts carried out by the scientific community working against it. To maintain human and earth wellbeing, massive biowastes left behind by the rising popularity of coffee drinking and its processing must be properly addressed. The recent waste to wealth value engineering efforts carried out to repurpose these biowastes are first presented. Some promising applications of SCGs in various prospective civil engineering areas alongside their favorable findings are then summarized. Attributed to beneficial properties as reported in existing studies, silica fume is recommended as the potential constituent to mix with SCG for future construction materials exploration in overcoming both the biowaste and industrial waste issues.
Learning spaces in community-based dental education
Authors:   University College Cork, Lucey Siobhán , Burke Frank ,   University College Cork, Supple Briony ,   University College Cork, Foley Jennie ,   University of Edinburgh
Published: May 2021

In response to various institutional and national policy drivers (University College Cork, 2018; Department of Health, 2019), a community-based dental education (CBDE) initiative in a non-dental setting has been proposed as a new curriculum offering in Paediatric Dentistry in University College Cork. The student-led clinic for children aged 0-5 years will be located in a new primary healthcare centre, which serves as a community hub for health and wellbeing services. The innovative use of learning spaces to imbue a culture of community-engaged scholarship in higher education is widely encouraged (Campus Engage, 2014; Galvin, O’Mahony, Powell & Neville, 2017). This work seeks to explore the features of the proposed learning environment, which may impact upon teaching and learning practice.
UCC enters Cork Prison: Transformative pedagogy through arts education
Authors:   University College Cork, Cronin James G. R.
Published: May 2021

This paper makes explicit processes of collaboration in a learning community partnership between Cork Prison and University College Cork (UCC). Cork Prison is a closed, medium security prison for adult males. It is a committal prison for counties Cork, Kerry and Waterford. The learning partnership has two objectives: firstly, to foster critical thinking strategies influenced by UCC’s application of the Project Zero Classroom, Harvard Graduate School of Education; secondly, to support student voices by promoting conversations on creativity resulting in the production of artworks exhibited during summertime on Spike Island, Cork Harbour, communicating prison as community in society.
Promoting healthier communities through adult education: Learning Connections in action
Authors:   University College Cork, Healy Brenda , Walsh Jennifer ,   University College Cork, O’Neill Sinead ,   Cork Institute of Technology
Published: May 2021

This presentation will highlight an Adult Education initiative delivered in Cork City through collaboration between members of the Cork Learning Neighbourhoods Project. It will outline the outreach provision of the Certificate in the Mental Health in the Community and how this is delivered in non-traditional settings to achieve successful collaboration, support accessible participation in lifelong learning and build capacity in communities. The process of creating a learning space to achieve transformative learning will be outlined as well as how this programme serves to enable students to address mental health issues on a personal level, community level and beyond.
Collaborative learning, role play and case study: Pedagogical pathways to professionalism and ethics in school placement
Authors:   National University of Ireland, Galway, Heinz Manuela , Fleming Mary ,   National University of Ireland, Galway, Logue Pauline ,   Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, McNamara Joseph ,   Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
Published: May 2021

Teachers are moral agents. Acting professionally in loco parentis teachers have a legal and moral duty of care to students (DES, 2017). Moreover, they can be regarded as moral ‘role models’ (Bergen, 2006; Lumpkin, 2013). Professional codes of practice assist teachers in their moral agency (Alberta Teachers’ Association, 2004; CDET, 2017; DfE, 2011; Education Council, 2017; Teaching Council, 2012; 2016; World Class Teachers, 2017). In conjunction with official codes of conduct, TE ethics programmes contribute to the development of “a moral language” and raise awareness of moral agency in teaching (Shapira-Lishchinsky, 2010). In 2014 the National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG) and the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) jointly developed a cross-institutional training programme entitled ‘The Ethical Teacher Programme’, designed to facilitate student teachers to reflect upon professionalism and ethics during School Placement. The programme incorporated both a study of the Teaching Council Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers (Code) (2012) and explorations of selected ethical ‘case studies’ in teaching, using collaborative learning (CL) and role play strategies. The ‘ethical dilemma’ approach employed mirrored literature studies (Colenerud, 1997; Husu & Tiri, 2003; Klassen, 2002). Unique to the approach, however, was the method of application of selected classical and contemporary ethical philosophies to moral dilemmas in teaching. The programme was designed to include a one-hour introductory lecture on professionalism and ethics (from the perspectives of moral literacy and ethical theory) followed by a two-hour applied workshop. The workshop employed student-centred, active teaching and learning methods, specifically, collaborative learning, role play and case study analysis. Six ethical philosophical principles (or ‘lenses’) were integrated into programme delivery - teleology, deontology, virtue ethics, justice ethics, care ethics and relationality ethics. These lenses were applied to real-world teaching case studies. One cohort to which this training programme is offered annually is the student teachers on the Professional Master of Education (PME) programme in NUIG. The PME cohort (2015-2016) is the focus of the present study. The study sought a critical reflection on, and evaluation of, this training programme, from a student perspective. This study is phase one of a larger on-going study.
Learning beyond the classroom - Importance of residential fieldcourses in teaching plant biology
Authors:   University College Cork, Doyle Prestwich Barbara
Published: May 2021

The establishment of physic gardens (gardens particularly focused on plants with medicinal properties) dates back to the middle of the 16th century and generally had strong links with university medical schools (Bennett, 2014). Wyse Jackson in 1999 described botanic gardens as ‘institutions holding documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific research, conservation, display and education’. In 2014, Bennet described the role of botanic gardens in university education as akin to learning in Paradise. By 2050 it is predicted that almost two thirds of the world’s population will live in an urban environment. This may have a huge impact on our ability to both experience and understand the natural world. Plants have a massive impact on the earth’s environment. This paper focuses on learning beyond the classroom in botanic & physic gardens and in industry settings using the annual Applied Plant Biology fieldcourse in UCC as a case study. The Applied Plant Biology residential fieldcourse has been running for the past five years (started in 2014) and takes place around Easter each year. I am the coordinator. It is a 5 day residential course for 3rd year Plant Science students. The learning outcomes of the fieldtrip state that; students should be able to discuss recent developments in industrial plant science research (facilitated in part by visits to a multinational (Syngenta) and smaller family owned companies (Tozers)); be able to explain worldwide plant conservation approaches and plant biodiversity in the context of different plant ecosystems and anthropogenic environmental impacts through engagement with such centers of excellence as Kew Botanic Gardens in London, Kew’s Millenium Seedbank Wakehurst in Sussex and the Chelsea Physic Garden in central London.
Combining mathematics and coaching to encourage student success in repeat
Authors:   Cork Institute of Technology, Casey Deirdre , Murphy Louise ,   Cork Institute of Technology
Published: May 2021

As part of the ‘Maths Positive’ initiative in Cork Institute of Technology (CIT), Maths modules have been identified which are impacting negatively on student success and progression. It was discovered that a particular first year business Mathematics module in CIT was causing difficulties to some of the students involved. When several years of exam results were analysed for this module, it was discovered that some of the students repeatedly fail and get caught in a ‘Maths Loop’. In order to break this cycle, an intervention workshop was developed and piloted which sought to challenge the students to examine their own behaviour and mindset around Mathematics study. The workshop combined Academic Success Coaching with practical study techniques specific to the module. The feedback from participants was positive and we plan to expand this interdisciplinary approach in addressing other similar modules.
Pharmacists as educators – Engaging with the community through outreach workshops in schools in Cork city
Authors:   University College Cork, Devine Ken , Ryan Katie ,   University College Cork
Published: May 2021

Inspired by the UCC Campus engage initiative and in a quest to help final year pharmacy students develop higher-order thinking skills, students were tasked with designing and delivering outreach workshops on the “Role of the Pharmacist in Educating patients on microbes, antimicrobial usage, and infection prevention”. The assignment formed part of continuous assessment requirements for PF4015 Novel Drug Delivery module delivered to final year Pharmacy students on the B.Pharm course. These 1-hour interactive workshops were delivered to students across diverse age (primary and secondary) and socioeconomic backgrounds in schools during Science week in Nov 2016 & Nov 2017.
National Sculpture Factory
Authors:   National Sculpture Factory, Byrne Valerie
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the National Sculpture Factory, which speaks to our artistic policy and remit, is to support and nurture the production of art and the role of culture in society. We work to be the leading institution for identifying, nurturing and activating talent; for ambitious and fearless commissioning; promoting discourse on contemporary visual culture through public engagement activities; and engaging diverse audiences, driving more inclusion and accessibility. Primarily we are a factory of innovation in new technologies and artistic production in the expanded practice of sculpture.
Nature and determinants of migration: Insights from NSSO data in three states of India
Authors: Singh Ruchi , Salunkhe Uday , Vivek Patil Vaishali
Published: May 2021

The exodus of men is the most opted strategy adopted by rural households to diversify income and reduce risks associated with agriculture. Migration plays a very important role in reducing the liquidity and credit constraints of rural households in India. Data shows there are roughly 30 per cent internal migrants in the country. Despite the existence of studies on patterns and determinants of migration in various out-migrating states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Kerala etc., literature on the same in States with high in-migration are scarce. This article makes an attempt to comprehensively look into patterns and determinants of in-migration in three states. We have used the unit level data on migration (NSSO 64th Round) and tabulated it with suitable statistical techniques. To have a better understanding of determinants of in-migration in the states of Maharashtra, Delhi and West Bengal, a binary logistic regression model have been employed. We found that the majority of male migrants in these states is from within the state and but from different districts. Another interesting finding is that determining factors for migration vary across states. Social group, education, age, monthly expenditure are significant factors in determining migration decisions.
Análisis del perfil de los candidatos a presidente del ecuador en las elecciones 2021 en la ciudad de Machala
Authors: Jaramillo-Hurtado Mauricio , Sagbay-Arias Jean , Ávila-Rivas Vladimir
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza el perfil de los candidatos a presidente del Ecuador en las elecciones 2021 en la ciudad de Machala, los movimientos políticos han logrado nuevas tendencias en la manera o en el estilo de hacer marketing, el marketing político hace referencia a distintas metodologías investigativas, entre ellas la recolección de información, dialogo y observación, que posteriormente son utilizados en la práctica y elaboración de estrategias operativas para el proceso de campañas electorales a través del desarrollo del perfil de un candidato; exponiendo su capacidades, actitudes y profesionalismo como aspirante a la presidencia del Ecuador. Utilizando la técnica de muestreo se manejará en un enfoque cuantitativo, acompañado por datos secundarios e información adicional de las redes sociales, con un alcance descriptivo, que pretende detallar el perfil de los diferentes candidatos, mediante la encuesta que se realizó y la técnica del muestreo se obtuvo el resultado de 384 personas ha encuestar en la ciudad de Machala, considerando que el elector es a partir de la edad de 16 años en adelante.
TBE in Germany
Authors: Dobler Gerhard , Mackenstedt Ute
Published: May 2021

The beginning of research on TBE in Germany was influenced and inspired by the results and developments of TBE research in the former Czechoslovakia. There, TBE virus was detected in the Czechoslovak Republic in 1948. In Germany, the first evidence of the presence of TBE virus was found by Sinnecker and his group in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR).1 The first virus strains were isolated also by Sinnecker’s group in the early 1960s.2 In the former Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) TBE research started with research on TBE virus in the region of Franconia by Scheid and Ackermann.3,4 In the region of Lower Franconia a virus was isolated which was called “Zimmern Virus” after the location of the isolation5. Unfortunately, all these virus strains were lost but it can be assumed that they all belonged to the Western (European) subtype of TBE virus.
TBE in Moldova
Authors: Erber Wilhelm , Vuković-Janković Tamara
Published: May 2021

Although there are no reliable data on the number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases or the percentage of infected ticks, based on the geography and the presence of TBE virus (TBEV) in all neighboring countries, it must be assumed that TBEV is present somewhere in Moldova.
TBE in South Korea
Authors: Joon Young Song
Published: May 2021

Although no human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been documented in South Korea to date,5 surveillance studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in wild ticks.1-5 Four studies collected ticks by dragging or flagging in grassland and forest, while 1 study tested wild mammals (boars and rodents) by removing ticks from them. In the wild of South Korea, Haemaphysalis spp. were the predominant species found by tick dragging, while Ixodes nipponensis became predominant when harvested from small mammals.6
TBE in Denmark
Authors: Fomsgaard Anders
Published: May 2021

Since the 1950s tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been known to be endemic in Denmark but only on the island of Bornholm. Bornholm is situated east of mainland Denmark, south of Sweden (Figure 3) and has a different fauna and flora from the rest of Denmark. Bornholm has about 45,000 inhabitants, but about 500,000 tourists visit the island every year. Freundt carried out a serosurvey during 1958–19621 and found TBE antibodies in 1.4% of blood donors and 30% of woodworkers on Bornholm but no antibodies in subjects living in mainland Denmark. In 1963, Freundt found that 8 of 12 patients admitted to the hospital with acute meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology during 1951–1960 had antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV).2 In 2000, TBE was rediscovered on Bornholm, where a retrospective study covering the period 1994–2002 (7 years) identified 14 TBE cases; 2 cases were tourists and 12 were inhabitants of Bornholm, giving an incidence of 3.81 per 100,000 inhabitants.3 At least 5 patients (37.7%) got permanent sequelae. In addition, 32 forest workers on Bornholm were tested in 2000, and 20% had IgG antibodies but never symptoms. This is similar to the finding of Freundt in 1960. It was concluded that the data did not provide evidence of an increase in incidence of TBE. Ticks (Ixodes ricinus) from Bornholm were investigated for TBEV in 2000 and 2% were found to be infected.4 Since 2001 an average of 2.5 (range 1–8) TBE cases per year have been reported in Bornholm (Figure 1).
Home range and movements of Amazon river dolphins Inia geoffrensis in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins
Authors: Mosquera-Guerra F , Trujillo F , Oliveira-da-Costa M , Marmontel M , Van Damme PA , Franco N , Córdova L , Campbell E , Alfaro-Shigueto J , Mena JL , Mangel JC , Oviedo JSU , Carvajal-Castro JD , Mantilla-Meluk H , Armenteras-Pascual D
Published: May 2021

Studying the variables that describe the spatial ecology of threatened species allows us to identify and prioritize areas that are critical for species conservation. To estimate the home range and core area of the Endangered (EN) Amazon river dolphinInia geoffrensis, 23 individuals (6♀, 17♂) were tagged during the rising water period in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins between 2017 and 2018. The satellite tracking period ranged from 24 to 336 d (mean ± SE = 107 ± 15.7 d), and river dolphin movements ranged from 7.5 to 298 km (58 ± 13.4 km). Kernel density estimates were used to determine minimum home ranges at 95% (K95= 6.2 to 233.9 km2; mean = 59 ± 13.5 km2) and core areas at 50% (K50= 0.6 to 54.9 km2; mean = 9 ± 2.6 km2). Protected areas accounted for 45% of the K50estimated core area. We observed dolphin individuals crossing country borders between Colombia and Peru in the Amazon basin, and between Colombia and Venezuela in the Orinoco basin. Satellite tracking allowed us to determine the different uses of riverine habitat types: main rivers (channels and bays, 52% of recorded locations), confluences (32%), lagoons (9.6%), and tributaries (6.2%). Satellite monitoring allowed us to better understand the ecological preferences of the species and demonstrated the importance of maintaining aquatic landscape heterogeneity and spatial connectivity for effective river dolphin conservation.
Assessment of the influence of diagnostic support on reliability of radio electronic systems
Authors: Ryzhov Yevhen , Sakovych Lev , Glukhov Sergey , Nastishin Yuriy
Published: May 2021

Currently, there is a trend of digital information processing in electronic weapons systems and military equipment. Software-controlled means of communication are being implemented. This requires new approaches in diagnosing them during maintenance, which are significantly different from the process of finding defects in analog tools.
Particular attention is paid to the introduction of modern advances in technical diagnostics and metrology. The possibility of using special methods for assessing the technical condition of digital devices (energy-static, energy-dynamic, electromagnetic), both separately and in combination. This slightly increases the average recovery time, but significantly affects the achievement of the required value of a comprehensive indicator of product reliability - its readiness factor.
For the first time, the possibility of classifying electronic systems as "absolutely reliable" due to the peculiarities of metrological and diagnostic software is considered. The influence of controlled variables on the value of the product readiness factor is investigated. Depending on the operating conditions of the repair body, the permissible values for the qualification of specialists (average time of inspection and troubleshooting), as well as for the metrological reliability of measuring equipment are justified.
According to the results of research, an algorithm for providing the necessary values of reliability indicators of products, both during their design and during operation and recovery in military conditions. It is shown that the greatest influence on the value of the reliability of products has the training of specialists of the repair body, their ability to fully use the capabilities of modern measuring equipment.
The article considers the possibility of using methods for diagnosing digital electronic systems and provides an assessment of the quality of diagnostic software for the reliability of systems as a whole.
A discrete-continuous stochastic model functioning of analysis system, generalization and implementation of experience in the use of troops (armed forces)
Authors: Hrabchak Volodymyr , Salnyk Yuriy , Volochiy Bohdan
Published: May 2021

In article presented theoretic generalization practical efficiency issues training and deployment of troops (armed forces) by improving the analysis system, generalization and implementation of combat experience (ASGIE) and an actual scientific problem was solved in a new way, consisting in the improvement of the scientific and methodological apparatus of its functioning. Performed analysis mathematical models for descriptions and assessment functioning system of training and use of troops (armed forces). In the same time, the results of researches in exercises and other activities of operational, combat training and daily activities of troops (armed forces) showed the absence of effective mathematical models for the functioning of ASGIE of troops (armed forces). The constituents for each of the three performance indicators have been substantiated and determined, which reproduce the corresponding reactions of the ASGIE to obtain a generalized experience. The connection of these constituents with the requirements for the mathematical model of the reaction of the ASGIE is shown. A discrete-continuous stochastic model of the ASGIE reaction has been developed to study the effectiveness of a promising ASGIE for various options for its implementation. A system of Kolmogorov-Chapman differential equations of the first order has been formed, the solution of which gives the opportunity to get the value of performance indicators ASGIE. Calculations performed for ASGI which includes the governing bodies of three military units and three OC with decision-making on the generalization of experience for the majority principle "2 with 3" show: acceptable values of the performance indicator "Experience is generalized" are achieved when the values of the probability of identifying experience and the probability of successful generalization of experience by the management body are greater than 0.9; with the values of the probability of experience identification and the probability of successful generalization of experience by the governing bodies in the range from 0.4 to 0.7 with a probability of not less than 0.7, it will be necessary to continue to accumulate generalized experience in order to make a decision on its dissemination; accordingly, a value in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 is unacceptable for organizing the process of generalizing experience for the developed ASGI.
Food wastage and implications for food safety with special reference to marriage ceremonies
Authors: Akram Waseem , Javed Iqbal
Published: May 2021

This study estimates the quantity of food waste and its causes in the marriage ceremonies in district Sargodha, Pakistan. A questionnaire was prepared for the collection of data on food waste. Before final data collection, a pilot survey was conducted and some changes have been made as per suggestions of the stakeholders. Every marquee and marriage hall were visited several times for data collection and data about 255 events of marriage ceremonies was collected. Along with empirical data, the focus group discussions and interviews were organized with managers and the staff of the marriage halls and marquees. Their experience and views were also recorded for the theoretical understanding of the science of food waste and its causes. The study concludes that, on average, every individual waste 183 grams of food in a marriage ceremony in district Sargodha. From theoretical side, it is concluded that guest’s unawareness about food waste and the typical behaviour of the guests are the major reasons of food waste in marriage ceremonies. While on the empirical side, the major reason of food waste is the buffet serving that causes to increase the quantity of food waste very significantly.
The main unsettled prerequisite for the deterioration of the qualitative state of natural objects in Ukraine
Authors: Kovaliv O.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the study as a result of exploratory scientific work is to clarify and disclose the main unsettled preconditions in Ukraine, which allows the deterioration of the qualitative state of natural objects, especially in the agricultural sphere. The necessity of eliminating differences between these transactions, the declared norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, and the existing legislation and laws that will be adopted in the future has been substantiated. For this, appropriate cadastral numbers must be assigned to each such natural object, embodying their corresponding geospatial location on Earth (GEO) — within the state border of Ukraine, including the coastal strip of the continental shelf of the exclusive (maritime) economic zone. It has been established that a significant corruption violation and the suitability of state regulation of land relations and nature management on agricultural lands is the absence of a still functioning State cadastre of soils in agricultural landscapes of Ukraine (State Cadastre of the Agricultural Sphere of Ukraine). It was found that due to the absence of a constitutionally declared special Law of Ukraine «On the Right to Use Natural Objects of Property Rights of the Ukrainian People» for a quarter of a century, the rights of their owner (all citizens of Ukraine) are violated and the unauthorized use of the nation’s capital occurs. As a result, the rights, duties and responsibilities of users of natural objects are not standardized, as well as full-fledged requirements for their rational use and protection on a paid basis in accordance with established regulations. This is especially true of fertile soils and other natural resources of the agrosphere. It has been proved that the absence of the Law of Ukraine «On the Right to Use Natural Objects of the Property Rights of the Ukrainian People» together with the State Cadastre of Soils in Agricultural Landscapes of Ukraine is the main prerequisite for the deterioration of the qualitative state of natural objects, especially in the agricultural sphere, in Ukraine.
Evolution of methodology of land use formation of water protection zones and coastal strips
Authors: Tretiak V. , Kravchuk T. , Yusipenko O.
Published: May 2021

The authors of the article aim to study the evolutionary changes in methodological approaches to the formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips. As a result, four phases of land use development of water protection zones and coastal strips are considered. In particular those which took place in the following periods: 1950–1970, 1970–1990, 1990 to the present, and it is also noted that the fourth phase (period) is coming. The essence of it is to create a system of land use (formation and management) of water protection zones and coastal strips, based on environmental and socially-oriented management and institutional government support. The authors note that one of the most important principles is a comprehensive approach to the formation and management of protected land use of water protection zones and coastal strips. For this, one of the first attempts to generalize international and national experience in the development of an integrated approach is presented. And also a variety of factors that to the greatest extent accelerated the development of an integrated approach to the formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal zones with different levels of economic development.The authors found that the sustainable (balanced) development of land use in water protection zones and coastal zones requires solving a number of problems, which in turn are divided according to their scale. In particular, global (affects the interests of the population of the whole Earth), regional (determine the conditions of development of individual regions) and local (determine the conditions of development of specific cities, towns, territorial communities). The ratio of scales and priorities of different disciplines in the system of complex formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips is also presented, which allowed the main problems to be conditionally divided into: nature protection (or, also called — ecological); natural, social and economic. It is noted that the relationship between the level of management and the scale and priority of the problem is a methodological basis for building a vertical structure of integrated formation and management of land use of water protection zones and coastal strips
Growth and development of phytopathogenic micromycetes under the influence of a mixture of essential oils
Authors: Beznosko I. , Kosovska N. , Mineralova V. , Kozin V.V. , Mineralov O.
Published: May 2021

The creation a new biological preparations on based vegetable oils is a promising direction in improving the efficiency organic production a plant products in Ukraine. Their ecological expediency consists in safety for the person, environment, animals, entomophagous that gives the chance to receive ecologically safe production. It was studied the sensitivity a phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride to essential oils of basil and cinnamon. It is showed that the essential oils of basil and cinnamon are inhibit the growth, the development and sporulation phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride at an environmentally safe level. This indicates their high prospects in the creation the biological products for use in organic production, which will reduce the cost of plant raw materials and improve its quality.
Transformation of cenomorphs of grass-dwarf-shrub layer of forest phytocenoses of Zhytomyr Polissya after surface fires
Authors: Feshchenko V. , Оrlov О. , Landin V. , Solomko V.
Published: May 2021

Transformation of cenomorphs of grass-dwarf-shrub layer of forest phytocenoses of Zhytomyr Polissya after surface fires was analyzed in forest ecological types A2, A3, B2, B3, B4, C2. It was shown that the cenomorph spectrum of grass-dwarf-shrub layer after surface fires essentially transforms. In all investigated forest ecological types after forest fires number of cenomorphs increased.It was made a conclusion that the general regularity after surface fires in this layer was an essential decreasing of part of typical forest species — sylvants and sylvants-pratants in species composition of the layer, and increasing of relative part of pratants, entering of ruderants.
APLICACIÓN DE LA CHICHA COMO PRE FERMENTOS EN LA PANIFICACIÓN ARTESANAL
Authors:   Universidad UTE, Fierro Mosquera Daniel Gonzalo , Grijalva Aldaz Orlando Mauricio ,   Universidad UTE, Díaz Muñoz Gabriel Alejandro ,   Universidad UTE, Valdés Marcos Eduardo
Published: May 2021

La chicha es una bebida fermentada ancestral, no destilada, considerada sagrada, elaborada a base de cereales originarios de América. En Ecuador son manufacturados a base de distintos cereales nativos y también introducidos a partir de la colonia, más frutas de la zona, para después pasar por un proceso de fermentación en pondos. En la panificación los pre fermentos mejoran las características organolépticas del pan, surgen a partir de ingredientes básicos, a través de un proceso fermentativo aportan características organolépticas distintivas al pan. En esta investigación se desarrolló un pre fermento a partir de chicha, donde se obtuvo una propuesta de panificación con cualidades organolépticas propias dando así un realce y valor a la utilización de esta bebida como pre fermento en la elaboración artesanal del pan. La metodología que se aplicó es experimental a través de la comprobación de una hipótesis y de un experimento en la creación de un pre fermento a base de chicha, se encontraron variables físicas y químicas. La investigación concibió una propuesta para la utilización de la chicha en el campo de la panificación, la obtención y análisis químicos del pre fermento, su aplicación en panes artesanales y estudio de resultados en base a un focus group por parte de expertos gastronómicos universitarios.
Gene Cascade Shift and Pathway Enrichment in Rat Kidney Induced by Acarbose Through Comparative Analysis
Authors: Weng Chun-Yue , Zhu Mo-Han , Dai Ke-Lei , Mi Zhe-Yan , Wang Yuan-Shan , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: May 2021

Acarbose is an effective anti-diabetic drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a chronic degenerative metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. The beneficial effects of acarbose on blood sugar control in T2DM patients have been confirmed by many studies. However, the effect of acarbose on patient kidney has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we report in detail the gene expression cascade shift, pathway and module enrichment, and interrelation network in acarbose-treated Rattus norvegicus kidneys based on the in-depth analysis of the GSE59913 microarray dataset. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidneys of acarbose-treated rats were initially screened out by comparative analysis. The enriched pathways for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were further identified. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for DEGs was achieved through the STRING database mining. Pathway interrelation and hub genes for enriched pathways were further examined to uncover key biological effects of acarbose. Results revealed 44 significantly up-regulated genes and 86 significantly down-regulated genes (130 significant differential genes in total) in acarbose-treated rat kidneys. Lipid metabolism pathways were considerably improved by acarbose, and the physical conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were improved possibly through the increase of the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase (LCAT). These findings suggested that acarbose may serve as an ideal drug for CKD patients, since it not only protects the kidney, but also may relieve the complications caused by CKD.
miR-224-5p Carried by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Regulates Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells via HOXA5
Authors: Wang Yichao , Wang Pan , Zhao Lei , Chen Xiaoying , Lin Zhu , Zhang Ling , Li Zhaoyun
Published: May 2021

Objective: In this study, we focused on the potential mechanism of miRNAs carried by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (hUCMSCs-exo) in breast cancer (BC).

Methods: RT-qPCR was conducted for the expression of miR-224-5p and HOXA5 in tissues and cells. After co-culture of exosomes and MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells, the cell proliferation was observed by MTT and cell colony formation assay, while apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of HOXA5 and autophagy pathway-related proteins LC3-II, Beclin-1 and P62 was detected by western blotting. And immunofluorescence was applied for detection of LC3 spots. The binding of miR-224-5p to HOXA5 was verified by the luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, in vivo experiment was performed to investigate the effect of miR-224-5p on BC growth.

Results: MiR-224-5p was up-regulated and HOXA5 was down-regulated in BC tissues and cells. HOXA5 was confirmed to be the target gene of miR-224-5p. MiR-224-5p carried by hUCMSCs-exo was able to promote the proliferation and autophagy of BC cells, while inhibited apoptosis. Bases on xenograft models in nude mice, it was also revealed that miR-224-5p carried by hUCMSCs-exo could regulate autophagy and contribute to the occurrence and development of BC in vivo.

Conclusion: MiR-224-5p carried by hUCMSCs-exo can regulate autophagy via inhibition of HOXA5, thus affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells.
The Coronavirus Intervention in Ethiopia and the Challenges for Implementation
Authors: Nigussie Hagos
Published: May 2021

The coronavirus has been rapidly spreading across different parts of the globe. The pandemic will have a severe impact unless coordinated preventive measures are undertaken. This paper examines the COVID-19 intervention and the challenges for implementation in Mekelle, Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Telephone interviews, personal observation and document reviews were used as data collection techniques. Results showed that the majority of the population in Mekelle are aware of the pandemic. Most people practiced handwashing with soap and water. But there is limited physical distancing in religious institutions, market places, and coffee houses where many people convene. With this, staying at home remains a challenge among the majority. Still, there is a belief that the pandemic is a “punishment from God”, while others believe that it is an illness of the old and does not affect the young. Generally, applying the recommended COVID-19 prevention measures, including the physical distancing, seem unattainable as the majority continue to overlook government advice. As related studies such as the fight against the Ebola outbreak in West African countries showed, this emanates from the lack of trust in media messages. In Tigray, religious leaders and community elders have a significant influence on their respective community members. Messages from these individuals remain trusted and can easily reach the majority due to social networks. This highlights that besides enforcing strict and prolonged measures from the government, reliable two-way communication can help achieve the desired behavior changes towards complying with the COVID-19 prevention measures among the different segments of the population in Mekelle.
Association Between Anticoagulation Outcomes and Venous Thromboembolism History in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zhu Yong-Jian , Zhou Yu-Ping , Wei Yun-Peng , Xu Xi-Qi , Yan Xin-Xin , Liu Chao , Zhu Xi-Jie , Liu Zi-Yi , Sun Kai , Hua Lu , Jiang Xin , Jing Zhi-Cheng
Published: May 2021

Background: The association between anticoagulation outcomes and prior history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) has not been established. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation treatment in CTEPH patients with and without prior history of VTE.

Methods: A total of 333 CTEPH patients prescribed anticoagulants were retrospectively included from May 2013 to April 2019. The clinical characteristics were collected at their first admission. Incidental recurrent VTE and clinically relevant bleeding were recorded during follow-up. The Cox proportional regression models were used to identify potential factors associated with recurrent VTE and clinically relevant bleeding.

Results: Seventy patients (21%) without a prior history of VTE did not experience recurrent VTE during anticoagulation. Compared to CTEPH patients without a prior history of VTE, those with a prior history of VTE had an increased risk of recurrent VTE [2.27/100 person-year vs. 0/100 person-year; hazard ratio (HR), 8.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1142.00; P = 0.029] but a similar risk of clinically relevant bleeding (3.90/100 person-year vs. 4.59/100 person-year; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.38–1.78; P = 0.623). Multivariate Cox analyses suggested that a prior history of VTE and interruption of anticoagulation treatments were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE, while anemia and glucocorticoid use were significantly associated with a higher risk of clinically relevant bleeding.

Conclusions: This study is the first to reveal that a prior history of VTE significantly increases the risk of recurrent VTE in CTEPH patients during anticoagulation treatment. This finding should be further evaluated in prospective studies.
Examining Response to Negative Life Events Through Fitness Tracker Data
Authors: Faust Louis , Feldman Keith , Lin Suwen , Mattingly Stephen , D'Mello Sidney , Chawla Nitesh V.
Published: May 2021

Negative life events, such as the death of a loved one, are an unavoidable part of life. These events can be overwhelmingly stressful and may lead to the development of mental health disorders. To mitigate these adverse developments, prior literature has utilized measures of psychological responses to negative life events to better understand their effects on mental health. However, psychological changes represent only one aspect of an individual's potential response. We posit measuring additional dimensions of health, such as physical health, may also be beneficial, as physical health itself may be affected by negative life events and measuring its response could provide context to changes in mental health. Therefore, the primary aim of this work was to quantify how an individual's physical health changes in response to negative life events by testing for deviations in their physiological and behavioral state (PB-state). After capturing post-event, PB-state responses, our second aim sought to contextualize changes within known factors of psychological response to negative life events, namely coping strategies. To do so, we utilized a cohort of professionals across the United States monitored for 1 year and who experienced a negative life event while under observation. Garmin Vivosmart-3 devices provided a multidimensional representation of one's PB-state by collecting measures of resting heart rate, physical activity, and sleep. To test for deviations in PB-state following negative life events, One-Class Support Vector Machines were trained on a window of time prior to the event, which established a PB-state baseline. The model then evaluated participant's PB-state on the day of the life event and each day that followed, assigning each day a level of deviance relative to the participant's baseline. Resulting response curves were then examined in association with the use of various coping strategies using Bayesian gamma-hurdle regression models. The results from our objectives suggest that physical determinants of health also deviate in response to negative life events and that these deviations can be mitigated through different coping strategies. Taken together, these observations stress the need to examine physical determinants of health alongside psychological determinants when investigating the effects of negative life events.