bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-rater reliability and validity of risk of bias instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures: a study protocol
Authors: Jeyaraman Maya M. , Al-Yousif Nameer , Robson Reid C. , Copstein Leslie , Balijepalli Chakrapani , Hofer Kimberly , Fazeli Mir S. , Ansari Mohammed T. , Tricco Andrea C. , Rabbani Rasheda , Abou-Setta Ahmed M.
Published: February 2020

Background

A new tool, “risk of bias (ROB) instrument for non-randomized studies of exposures (ROB-NRSE),” was recently developed. It is important to establish consistency in its application and interpretation across review teams. In addition, it is important to understand if specialized training and guidance will improve the reliability in the results of the assessments. Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study is to establish the inter-rater reliability (IRR), inter-consensus reliability (ICR), and concurrent validity of the new ROB-NRSE tool. Furthermore, as this is a relatively new tool, it is important to understand the barriers to using this tool (e.g., time to conduct assessments and reach consensus—evaluator burden).

Methods

Reviewers from four participating centers will apprise the ROB of a sample of NRSE publications using ROB-NRSE tool in two stages. For IRR and ICR, two pairs of reviewers will assess the ROB for each NRSE publication. In the first stage, reviewers will assess the ROB without any formal guidance. In the second stage, reviewers will be provided customized training and guidance. At each stage, each pair of reviewers will resolve conflicts and arrive at a consensus. To calculate the IRR and ICR, we will use Gwet’s AC1 statistic.

For concurrent validity, reviewers will appraise a sample of NRSE publications using both the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and ROB-NRSE tool. We will analyze the concordance between the two tools for similar domains and for the overall judgments using Kendall’s tau coefficient.

To measure evaluator burden, we will assess the time taken to apply ROB-NRSE tool (without and with guidance), and the NOS. To assess the impact of customized training and guidance on the evaluator burden, we will use the generalized linear models. We will use Microsoft Excel and SAS 9.4, to manage and analyze study data, respectively.

Discussion

The quality of evidence from systematic reviews that include NRSE depends partly on the study-level ROB assessments. The findings of this study will contribute to an improved understanding of ROB-NRSE and how best to use it.
A stochastic SIR epidemic model with Lévy jump and media coverage
Authors: Liu Yingfen , Zhang Yan , Wang Qingyun
Published: February 2020

A stochastic susceptible–infectious–recovered epidemic model with temporary immunity and media coverage is proposed. The effects of Lévy jumps on the dynamics of the model are considered. A unique global positive solution for the epidemic model is obtained. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee that the epidemic disease is extinct and persistent in the mean. The threshold behavior is discussed. Numerical simulations are given to verify our theoretical results.
EANM guideline on the validation of analytical methods for radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Gillings Nic , Todde Sergio , Behe Martin , Decristoforo Clemens , Elsinga Philip , Ferrari Valentina , Hjelstuen Olaug , Peitl Petra Kolenc , Koziorowski Jacek , Laverman Peter , Mindt Thomas L. , Ocak Meltem , Patt Marianne
Published: February 2020

Background

To fulfil good manufacturing requirements, analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals for human and vetinary use must be validated. The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) has published guidance documents on the requirements for such validation activities and these have been adopted by the European Medicines Agency, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies. These guidance documents do not, however, fully address all the specific tests required for the analysis of radiopharmaceuticals. This guideline attempts to rectify this shortcoming, by recommending approaches to validate such methods.

Results

Recommedations for the validation of analytical methods which are specific for radiopharmaceutials are presented in this guideline, along with two practical examples.

Conclusions

In order to comply with good manufacturing practice, analytical methods for radiopharmaceuticals for human use should be validated.
Establishing the content validity of PROMIS Pediatric pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and sleep-related impairment measures in children with chronic kidney disease and Crohn’s disease
Authors: Forrest Christopher B. , Forrest Kathryn D. , Clegg Jennifer L. , de la Motte Anna , Amaral Sandra , Grossman Andrew B. , Furth Susan L.
Published: February 2020

Background

PROMIS Pediatric patient-reported outcome measures were developed with children from the general population, and their content validity has not been established in children with chronic disease. This study was done to evaluate the content validity of the PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference and Fatigue measures in children 8–17 years-old with Crohn’s disease and the PROMIS Pediatric Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep-related Impairment measures for children 8–17 years-old with chronic kidney disease.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals affected by Crohn’s disease and chronic kidney disease. The interviews were done to elicit children’s lived experiences of the PROMIS outcomes of interest. We used deductive content analysis to contrast the participants’ reports of their symptoms and impacts on daily life with existing conceptual frameworks for the PROMIS measures, each of which was developed with input from children in the general population.

Results

On average, we elicited an average of 7 pain interference and 7 fatigue concepts from Crohn’s disease participants (n = 37), while chronic kidney disease participants (n = 26) provided 9 concepts for fatigue, 4 for sleep disturbance, and 7 for sleep-related impairment. Concept saturation was achieved after 16–19 interviews across the four PROMIS measures. Children with these two chronic health conditions reported the same breadth and types of lived experiences as children from the development samples drawn from the general population.

Conclusion

The study supports the content validity of several PROMIS Pediatric measures for children with Crohn’s disease and chronic kidney disease. These findings provide evidence that PROMIS Pediatric measures, developed as universally relevant patient-reported outcomes, may be more broadly applicable to children with chronic disease.
Multi-kingdom characterization of the core equine fecal microbiota based on multiple equine (sub)species
Authors: Edwards J. E. , Shetty S. A. , van den Berg P. , Burden F. , van Doorn D. A. , Pellikaan W. F. , Dijkstra J. , Smidt H.
Published: February 2020

Background

Equine gut microbiology studies to date have primarily focused on horses and ponies, which represent only one of the eight extant equine species. This is despite asses and mules comprising almost half of the world’s domesticated equines, and donkeys being superior to horses/ponies in their ability to degrade dietary fiber. Limited attention has also been given to commensal anaerobic fungi and archaea even though anaerobic fungi are potent fiber degrading organisms, the activity of which is enhanced by methanogenic archaea. Therefore, the objective of this study was to broaden the current knowledge of bacterial, anaerobic fungal and archaeal diversity of the equine fecal microbiota to multiple species of equines. Core taxa shared by all the equine fecal samples (n = 70) were determined and an overview given of the microbiota across different equine types (horse, donkey, horse × donkey and zebra).

Results

Equine type was associated with differences in both fecal microbial concentrations and community composition. Donkey was generally most distinct from the other equine types, with horse and zebra not differing. Despite this, a common bacterial core of eight OTUs (out of 2070) and 16 genus level groupings (out of 231) was found in all the fecal samples. This bacterial core represented a much larger proportion of the equine fecal microbiota than previously reported, primarily due to the detection of predominant core taxa belonging to the phylaKiritimatiellaeota(formerlyVerrucomicrobiasubdivision 5) andSpirochaetes. The majority of the core bacterial taxa lack cultured representation. Archaea and anaerobic fungi were present in all animals, however, no core taxon was detected for either despite several taxa being prevalent and predominant.

Conclusions

Whilst differences were observed between equine types, a core fecal microbiota existed across all the equines. This core was composed primarily of a few predominant bacterial taxa, the majority of which are novel and lack cultured representation. The lack of microbial cultures representing the predominant taxa needs to be addressed, as their availability is essential to gain fundamental knowledge of the microbial functions that underpin the equine hindgut ecosystem.
Measuring outcomes in self-harm trials: what is important and what is achievable?
Authors: House Allan
Published: February 2020

There are a number of candidates as useful outcomes in self-harm research – repetition of self-harm; symptom states; quality of life, social participation. Repetition of self-harm has been the predominant choice of researchers, not least because of its status as a risk for eventual suicide. Use of alternatives would respond to the preferences of study participants, but there are substantial methodological constraints. Nonetheless more attention could be given to the use of outcomes other than repetition. Another option is to broaden the approach to evaluation design, incorporating advances in the use of observational data either alone or linked to data from trials.
Postal recruitment for genetic studies of preterm birth: A feasibility study
Authors: Keag Oonagh E. , Murphy Lee , Bradley Aoibheann , Deakin Naomi , Whyte Sonia , Norman Jane E. , Stock Sarah J.
Published: February 2020

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) represents the leading cause of neonatal death. Large-scale genetic studies are necessary to determine genetic influences on PTB risk, but prospective cohort studies are expensive and time-consuming. We investigated the feasibility of retrospective recruitment of post-partum women for efficient collection of genetic samples, with self-collected saliva for DNA extraction from themselves and their babies, alongside self-recollection of pregnancy and birth details to phenotype PTB.

Methods: 708 women who had participated in the OPPTIMUM trial (a randomised trial of progesterone pessaries to prevent PTB [ISRCTN14568373]) and consented to further contact were invited to provide self-collected saliva from themselves and their babies. DNA was extracted from Oragene OG-500 (adults) and OG-575 (babies) saliva kits and the yield measured by Qubit. Samples were analysed using a panel of Taqman single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays. A questionnaire designed to meet the minimum data set required for phenotyping PTB was included. Questionnaire responses were transcribed and analysed for concordance with prospective trial data.

Results: Recruitment rate was 162/708 (23%) for self-collected saliva samples and 157/708 (22%) for questionnaire responses. 161 samples from the mother provided DNA with median yield 59.0µg (0.4-148.9µg). 156 samples were successfully genotyped (96.9%). 136 baby samples had a median yield 11.5µg (0.1-102.7µg); two samples failed DNA extraction. 131 baby samples (96.3%) were successfully genotyped. Concordance between self-recalled birth details and prospective birth details ranged from 55 – 99%, median 86%. The highest rates of concordance were found for mode of birth (154/156 [99%]), smoking status (151/157 [96%]) and ethnicity (149/156 [96%]).

Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates that self-collected DNA samples from mothers and babies were sufficient for genetic analysis but yields were variable. Self-recollection of pregnancy and birth details was inadequate for accurately phenotyping PTB, highlighting the need for alternative strategies for investigating genetic links with PTB.
Limit Equilibrium Payoffs in Stochastic Games
Authors: Renault Jérôme , Ziliotto Bruno
Published: February 2020

We study the limit of equilibrium payoffs, as the discount factor goes to one, in non-zero-sum stochastic games. We first show that the set of stationary equilibrium payoffs always converges. We then provide two-player examples in which the whole set of equilibrium payoffs diverges. The construction is robust to perturbations of the payoffs and to the introduction of normal-form correlation.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM ADIWIYATA DI SD NEGERI BHAYANGKARA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nurdiati Dwi , Pambudi Dholina Inang
Published: February 2020

SD Negeri Bhayangkara Yogyakarta is one of the Adiwiyata schools in DIY Province that implements the Adiwiyata program. The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of Adiwiyata program as well as to know the supporting factors and factors inhibiting the implementation of Adiwiyata program in Bhayangkara State Elementary School Yogyakarta.The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. Subjects used are principals, Adiwiyata school teams, students, and teachers. Meanwhile, the object of this research is the implementation of Adiwiyata program in Bhayangkara State Elementary School. Data collection was obtained through interview, observation, and documentation.The results of Adiwiyata program implementation in Bhayangkara State Elementary School based on four components are as follows. 1) Environmentally sound policies are contained in school vision, mission and objectives, curriculum structure content integrated with PPLH efforts, and RKAS schools allocated 20% for PPLH activities. The inhibiting factor of this policy is that there are some students who have no concern for the environment. 2) The environment-based curriculum uses the 2013 curriculum containing environmental materials. The inhibition of environmental curriculum is the existence of some teachers who are less understanding and less creative in developing learning.Participatory activities involving all members of the school and community elements to participate in PPLH activities. But there are still some parents who have not fully understood the activities of the school. 4) Eco-friendly facilities and infrastructure owned quite a lot and quite complete and used for learning. But there are still some facilities and infrastructure that have not been used optimally.
PENGEMBANGAN PENILAIAN PORTOFOLIO UNTUK MENDUKUNG KEAKTIFAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Efanda Shafirra Bulanrizkia , Fatmawati Laila
Published: February 2020

Learning will be memorable if students practice directly about the material being studied, but also the activity of students greatly affect their ability to absorb the material. With active students practice directly about the material being studied can help teachers in delivering the material being studied, especially on materials that are full of memorization as in the social studies in elementary school. For that new innovation is needed in the learning activities that are able to support students' activities in the learning process. This study aims to determine the steps of development of portfolio assessment and to determine the appropriateness of applying portfolio assessment to support student activeness in IPS learning. This research is a type of research development (R & D). The procedure is to conduct preliminary study to know the potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product test, product trial revision. Portfolio assessment instruments are validated by expert testers, ie evaluation experts, materials experts and learning specialists. This research was conducted at SD Muhammadiyah Kalangan in May 2017. The data collection instrument was done with expert validation, observation sheet, and student response sheet. In this research, data analysis is done with qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that in terms of quality portfolio assessment included in the category of very good, which is suitable to be used as application of learning. The results obtained from the validation of the expert evaluation obtained a value of 68.75 with good category, the results of the material experts obtained a value of 77.78 with good category, and the results of the expert learning obtained a value of 100 with very good category. The result of the test based on the students' appraisal was obtained by 90.27 with very good category, from the observer scores obtained the value of 81.25 with very good category..
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA SAKURA (SUSUN HURUF, SUKU KATA, DAN KATA) BERBASIS MULTISENSORI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA BAGI ANAK DISLEKSIA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Nursara Siska , Rofiah Nurul Hidayati
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of multisensory-based SAKURA media. The research method used was a single subject type experimental method with the A-B-A research design. The instrument used was a matter of dyslexic children's reading ability test. The subject in this study was a dyslexic child in Sempu Public Elementary School. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics, analysis of conditions, and analysis of conditions. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that SAKURA media is effective in increasing the reading ability of GAS subjects. This can be proven by an increase in the percentage of subject achievement at the time of the intervention. In this study, subjects (GAS) got mean levels increasing from 75.2 under baseline 1 (A1) to 88.9 under intervention (B), and 99.3 under baseline 2 (A2). A low percentage of overlap supports this. The percentage overlap between baseline one condition and intervention conditions is 0%, and intervention conditions with baseline 2 are 0%.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU SAKU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA DALAM MATA PELAJARAN PAI MATERI TATA CARA SALAT KELAS II SD
Authors: Aziza Avivatul Novi , Suyatno Suyatno
Published: February 2020

This study aims to: 1) determine the feasibility developing pocket book teaching materials on PAI subjects in class II elementary school prayer materials. 2) knowing the feasibility of PAI pocket book teaching materials for the procedure for prayer in class II of elementary school. 3) knowing the results of product trials in students' understanding through PAI pocket book teaching materials on the procedures for the elementary school class II prayer. This research is a study Research and Development (R & D). The steps are carried out, namely: (1) analysis of potential and problems, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) design revisions, (6) product testing, and (7) product revisions, (8) usage trials. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The results of the study show that 1) the steps to develop a pocket book teaching material product include: 2) the feasibility of pocket books is done through the assessment of learning experts, material experts, linguists, and media experts. The assessment of the feasibility results from the learning expert gets a score of 75 (Good), the assessment of the material gets a score of 90 (Very good), the assessment of the linguist gets a score of 82.5 (Very Good), and the media expert gets a score of 100 (Very Good) It can be concluded that this pocket book is suitable for use. Based on product trials, it can be concluded that the pocket book material for prayer can improve student understanding as evidenced by the results of Pre Test the small group61 (Good) increasing to a value of 83 (Very Good) can be seen from the results of the Post Test. The trial of a large group of products was concluded that the book pocket material for prayer can improve students' understanding by proving that the Pre Test results scored 63.6 (Good) increased to 95 (Very Good) seen from the results of the Post Test.
PENGEMBANGAN E-MODUL BERBASIS LITERASI SAINS MATERI ORGAN GERAK HEWAN DAN MANUSIA KELAS V SD
Authors: Atmaji Rizan Dwi , Maryani Ika
Published: February 2020

This type of research is development research with the ADDIE model. This research begins with analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects in this study were media expert validators, material experts, learning experts, students, and teachers. The results of the development in the form of science-based e-modules are in the form of evaluations from expert validators and trials of students and teachers. The assessment of media experts received a score of 92.85 with the category "Very Worthy. Material experts received a rating of 92.85 in the "Very Worthy" category. The results of the assessment of learning experts get a value of 73.21 with the category "Eligible". the assessment of small-scale trials conducted by students gets a score of 95 with the category "Very Worthy" and the assessment of the teacher gets a score of 95 with the category "Very Worthy". The large-scale trials conducted by students got a score of 96.6 with the category "Very Worthy" and the assessment of the teacher received a score of 97.08 with the category "Very Worthy". Based on the results of the research obtained, science-based e-modules are very feasible to be used in the learning process at school.
Primum non nocere—how securement and fixation of indwelling urinary catheters can reduce the risk of harm
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: February 2020

Each year, around one million indwelling urinary catheters are inserted in NHS hospitals ( Nazarko, 2010 ). These invasive devices may be clinically necessary, but they have the potential to cause harm. This article examines the importance of reducing risks of harm by ensuring that the need for catheterisation is reviewed, that drainage bags are secured (supported) and fixation devices are used safely when clinically indicated.
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Authoritative dan Konformitas Teman Sebaya Terhadap Problematic Online Game Use (POGU) pada Pelajar SMP â€œXâ€ Semarang
Authors: Linayaningsih Fitria , Virgonita MulyaI.W
Published: February 2020

Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pola asuh Authoritative dan konformitas Teman Sebaya dengan Problematic Online Game Use (POGU). Â Definisi Problematic Online Game Use (POGU) yaitu perilaku bermain game online yang menyebabkan gangguan pada aspek psikologis, sosial, dan pekerjaan atau sekolah. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP â€œXâ€ Semarang. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Skala Problematic Online Game Use (POGU), Skala Pola Asuh Authoritative dan Skala Konformitas Teman Sebaya. Metode analisa data menggunakan analisis regresi dua prediktor. Analisa data menunjukkan hasil 0,207 ( p â‰¥ 0,05 ) = tidak signifikan, yang berarti tidak ada korelasi antara pola asuh authoritative dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap Problematic Online Game Use. Pola asuh dan konformitas teman sebaya hanya mendorongÂ  awal munculnya perilaku ini, tetapi muncul perilaku yang bermasalah karena individu menemukan kepuasanÂ  dan tantangan dalam online game.Kata kunci : konformitas teman sebaya, pola asuh authoritative, Problematic Online Game Use (POGU)
PERAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KEHARMONISAN PERKAWINAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENDIDIKAN SPIRITUAL ANAK
Authors: Herawati Netty , . Setyaningsih , Herlambang S.Mulyanto
Published: February 2020

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran dukungan keluarga dan keharmonisan perkawinan orang tua dalam pendidikan spiritual anak. Metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan tiga skala yaitu skala dukungan keluarga, skala keharmonisan perkawinan orang tua dan skala pendidikan spiritual anak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan quota sampling dengan 30 orang sampel. Teknik analisis data mengunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh dukungan keluarga dan keharmonisam perkawinan orang tua terhadap pendidikan spiritual anak, dengan F hitung sebesar 9,696 dan signifikansi 0,001 (< 0,05). Artinya semakin besar dukungan keluarga dan semakin harmonis perkawinan orang tua maka semakin baik pendidikan spiritual anak. Besarnya kontribusi atau sumbangan efektif menunjukkan nilai R square sebesar 0,418, yang artinya sumbangan efektif dukungan keluarga dan keharmonisan perkawinan orang tua terhadap pendidikan spiritual anak sebesar 41,8%. Sedangkan sisanya 58,2 % dijelaskan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diukur dalam penelitian ini.Â Â Kata kunci : pendidikan spiritual, keharmonisan perkawinan, dukungan keluarga
Serial Kasus Gangguan Psikologis Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Multidrug Resistant (MDR TB) Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi
Authors: , Reviono , Nugroho I.G.B. Indro , Priyatama Aditya Nanda , Ratnawati Martha
Published: February 2020

AbstrakEfek samping obat berupa gangguan psikologis sebenarnya jarang ditemukan pada tatalaksana penyakit infeksi, misalnya kasus tuberkulosis (TB). Saat ini banyak ditemukan kasus TB resisten ganda ganda (multidrug resistant tuberculosis/ MDR TB). Kasus MDR TB ini memerlukan pengobatan jangka panjang dan ternyata banyak menimbulkan efek samping psikologis mulai dari yang ringan sampai yang berat. Â Pada serial kasus ini efek samping yang ditemukan berupa gangguan halusinasi, ansietas, depresi, perubahan perilaku dan ide bunuh diri. Â Efek samping psikologis mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan MDR TB.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan gambaran klinis gangguan psikologis yang berhubungan dengan kasus MDR TB.Pengumpulan kasus secara retrospektif pasienÂ  pengobatan MDR TB dengan efek samping gangguan psikologis dari bulan Januari 2013 sampai Juni 2017 di RS dr. Moewardi. Data didapat dari rekam medis dan wawancara dalam bentuk kuesioner.Sembilan pasien dalam serial kasus ini terdiri dari 7 laki-laki dan 2 perempuan dengan keluhan terbanyak perubahan perilaku, bicara kacau, marah-marah, gangguan tidur. Keluhan lain depresi, ansietas, halusinasi dan keinginan bunuh diri. Efek samping gangguan psikologis timbul setelah pasien mendapatkan pengobatan sikloserin 2 minggu â€“ 7 bulan.Sebagian besar kasus gangguan psikologis akibat efek samping pengobatan MDR TB tidak memiliki riwayat gangguan psikologis sebelumnya. Dukungan sosial sangat diperlukan dalam mengatasi masalah psikis pasien MDR TB baik dari keluarga maupun teman dekat Gangguan psikologis pada pengobatan MDR TB mungkin dapat tertangani dengan manajemen multimodalitas yang baik.Kata kunci: Pengobatan MDR TB, efek samping psikologis, sikloserin.
El marxisme-leninisme a l’aula (I): dels orígens fins a la mort de Stalin.
Authors: Baró i Queralt Xavier
Published: February 2020

From the beginnings of their careers, Marx and Engels devoted considerable effort to disseminating the content of their written works. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Lenin’s new Bolshevik implemented reforms incorporating what were considered the more legitimate aspects of Marxist theory and of Engels’s thought. This provoked an often aggressive process of debate which sought to definitively establish the ideological orthodoxy which Stalin coined in his Marxism-Leninism. Finally, this article also examines the various ideological and historiographic controversies that took place up until the death of Stalin in 1953.
Detection efficiency for underwater coaxial photon-counting lidar
Authors: Hua Kangjian , Liu Bo , Fang Liang , Wang Huachuang , Chen Zhen , Yu Yang
Published: February 2020

Backscatter has significant influence on detection efficiency for underwater lidar, especially for coaxial photon-counting lidar using a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode. In this paper, based on our underwater coaxial photon-counting lidar structure and volume scatter function, a detection model with consideration of backscatter and refraction indices is proposed. Using this detection model, analysis of the detection efficiency is conducted. It reveals that in an underwater environment, higher pulse energy or a closer target range is not necessarily helpful for a higher target detection probability, which is vastly different from our traditional concepts. For example, the detection probability for a 5 m target would be 0.76 using a 200 pJ pulse and 0.55 using a 1000 pJ pulse for our coaxial photon-counting lidar. Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to verify our model and analysis, and some practical methods for improving the target detection probability in an underwater environment are proposed.
Video microscopy-based accurate optical force measurement by exploring a frequency-changing sinusoidal stimulus
Authors: Xu Tan , Wu Shangquan , Jiang Zhaoxiang , Wu Xiaoping , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: February 2020

Optical tweezers are constantly evolving micromanipulation tools that can provide piconewton force measurement accuracy and greatly promote the development of bioscience at the single-molecule scale. Consequently, there is an urgent need to characterize the force field generated by optical tweezers in an accurate, cost-effective, and rapid manner. Thus, in this study, we conducted a deep survey of optically trapped particle dynamics and found that merely quantifying the response amplitude and phase delay of particle displacement under a sine input stimulus can yield sufficiently accurate force measurements. In addition, Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem suggests that the entire recovery of the accessible particle sinusoidal response is possible, provided that the sampling theorem is satisfied, thereby eliminating the requirement for high-bandwidth (typically greater than 10 kHz) detectors. Based on this principle, we designed optical trapping experiments by loading a sinusoidal signal into the optical tweezers system and recording the trapped particle responses with 45 frames per second (fps) charge-coupled device (CCD) and 163 fps complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) cameras for video microscopy imaging. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of low-bandwidth detectors is suitable for highly accurate force quantification, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of constructing optical tweezers. The trap stiffness increases significantly as the frequency increases, and the experimental results demonstrate that the trapped particles shifting along the optical axis boost the transversal optical force.
Optical Sensors and Sensing 2019: introduction to the joint feature issue
Authors: Fleisher Adam J. , Chan Ka-Lok , Ferreira Mario F. S. , Moses Wesley J. , Pellegrino Paul , Shi Sheng-Cai , Walker Kaley A.
Published: February 2020

This joint feature issue of Optics Express and Applied Optics highlights contributions from authors who presented their latest research at the OSA Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress, held in San Jose, California, USA, from 25–27 June 2019. The joint feature issue comprises six contributed papers, which expand upon their respective conference proceedings. The published papers introduced here cover a range of timely research topics in optics and photonics for active open-path sensing, radiometry, and adaptive optics and fiber devices.
Multicore-fiber-based quantum-classical access network architecture with quantum signal wavelength-time division multiplexing
Authors: Cai Chun , Sun Yongmei , Niu Jianing , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yongrui , Ji Yuefeng
Published: February 2020

We propose a quantum-classical access network architecture based on
multicore fiber to scale up the number of quantum key distribution
(QKD) users. Quantum signals are integrated with classical signals in
both feeder and drop fibers to save deployment cost since access
networks are cost-sensitive. To increase the secure key rate (SKR) of
QKD, we show that wavelength-time division multiplexing is suitable
for quantum signals, which are required to support a large number of
quantum users. Also, we propose a core and wavelength assignment
scheme to alleviate spontaneous Raman scattering and intercore cross
talk noise, which are the main impairment sources to QKD in this
quantum-classical network. Finally, we experimentally show the
performance of QKD in the proposed quantum-classical access network in
terms of noise and channel loss. The experiment results are consistent
with our analysis. The characteristics of the SKRs prove the
superiority of wavelength-time division multiplexing. The properties
of spontaneous Raman scattering in the feeder and drop fibers are
shown in the experiments through the quantum bit error rates in
different experimental conditions, which verifies the effectiveness of
the proposed core and wavelength assignment scheme.
Tunable infrared hot-electron photodetection by exciting gap-mode plasmons with wafer-scale gold nanohole arrays
Authors: Ding Hao , Wu Shaolong , Zhang Cheng , Li Liujing , Sun Qingxin , Zhou Luwei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: February 2020

Due to the strongly concentrated electromagnetic field and the ability to detect the below-bandgap photon energies, surface-plasmon-based photodetections have attracted considerable attention. However, the manipulation of plasmonic resonance is complicated with a high cost in fabrication; moreover, the performance of hot-electron photodetectors is generally unsatisfactorily low. Here, we demonstrated that a tunable absorption can be realized by using the nanohole patterned metal-spacer-metal (MSM) structure, which can be wafer-scale fabricated by the nanosphere lithography technology. The angle- and polarization-insensitive absorption is realized under the excitation of the gap-mode plasmons, which can be facilely manipulated in the near-infrared band by varying the thicknesses and material of the spacer as well as the diameter and period of the nanohole arrays. An asymmetrically bended electrical system is proposed to efficiently convert the highly absorbed photon energies into the photocurrent. Results show that the responsivity of the prepared MSM structure can be up to ∼2.82 mA/W at the wavelength of 1150 nm.
Full-color light-field microscopy via single-pixel imaging
Authors: Yao Manhong , Cai Zixin , Qiu Xue , Li Shiping , Peng Junzheng , Zhong Jingang
Published: February 2020

Light-field microscopy is a scanless volumetric imaging technique. Conventional color light microscope employs a micro-lens array at the image plane and samples the spatial, angular, and color information by a pixelated two-dimensional (2D) sensor (such as CCD). However, the space bandwidth product of the pixelated 2D sensor is a fixed value determined by its parameters, leading to the trade-offs between the spatial, angular, and color resolutions. In addition, the inherent chromatic aberration of the micro-lens array also reduces the viewing quality. Here we propose full-color light-field microscopy via single-pixel imaging that can distribute the sampling tasks of the spatial, angular, and color information to both illumination and detection sides, rather than condense on the detection side. Therefore, the space bandwidth product of the light-field microscope is increased and the spatial resolution of the reconstructed light-field can be improved. In addition, the proposed method can reconstruct full-color light-field without using a micro-lens array, thereby the chromatic aberration induced by the micro-lens array is avoided. Because distributing the three sampling tasks to both the illumination and detection sides has different possible sampling schemes, we present two sampling schemes and compare their advantages and disadvantages via several experiments. Our work provides insight for developing a high-resolution full-color light-field microscope. It may find potential applications in the biomedical and material sciences.
Anatomopathological changes in canine distemper seropositive dogs and virus detection in sinoatrial nodes
Authors: Bastos José Eugenio Diniz , Silva Neide Maria , Briceño Marisol Patrícia Pallete , Wilson Tais Meziara , Medeiros-Ronchi Alessandra Aparecida
Published: February 2020

Canine distemper is a viral disease that affects several systems on dogs, among them, the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to identify canine distemper virus (CDV) in the sinoatrial node (SAN) of dogs serologically positive for distemper by Polymerase Chain Reaction preceded by reverse transcription (RT-PCR), and to analyze gross and microscopic changes of distemper in the heart and other tissues. SAN and tissue fragments were collected from 17 serologically positive dead animals, necropsied from October 2015 to December 2016. In the heart, right heart dilatation was observed in 13 dogs (76.47%) and left concentric hypertrophy in two dogs (11.76%). Microscopically, lymphocytic myocarditis was observed in four (23.53%) dogs and 41.18% presented viral inclusion corpuscles of CDV in the bladder epithelium. Only one (5.88%) dog presented a 319 bp target fragment for distemper virus using primers CDV 1 and CDV 2 at the sinoatrial node. In conclusion, CDV can be located in the sinoatrial node of naturally infected dogs, as demonstrated in this study by the RT-PCR technique, reinforcing the hypothesis that CDV is capable of causing inflammatory lesions in the sinoatrial node of this species. Macroscopic and microscopic cardiac changes are frequently observed in dogs with distemper, mainly cardiac dilatation and myocarditis. Viral inclusions of CDV in bladder epithelial cells are an important microscopic finding for the diagnosis of distemper.
Estimation of sulfentrazone sorption in isolated application and mixed with glyphosate
Authors: Langaro Ana Claudia , Ambrosio Barros João Pedro , Mendes Pereira Gustavo Antônio , Silva Antonio Alberto da
Published: February 2020

The use of herbicides belonging to a single mechanism of action for several consecutive years in the same area may lead to the selection of weed biotypes resistant to herbicides. Weeds resistant to glyphosate have been problem worldwide. As an alternative control, farmers have used glyphosate mixed with sulfentrazone. When two herbicides are mixed, the parameters that govern the behaviour of herbicides in the soil can be altered. In this study, the sorption of sulfentrazone was estimated when applied in isolation with glyphosate formulations. For this, increasing doses of sulfentrazone were applied using Red-Yellow Latosol substrate and washed sand. Each dose of sulfentrazone was applied in a mixture with 1080 g a. e. ha-1 Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ultra® and Zapp Qi®. To evaluate the presence of sulfentrazone in the soil solution, Sorghum bicolor was used as an indicator species. Symptoms of intoxication were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing. At 21 days after sowing, the plants were collected and dried in an oven at 70 ± 10 °C to determine the dry matter. Based on the intoxication of the indicator plants, it was verified that, regardless of the formulation, the presence of glyphosate in the mixture increased the sorption of sulfentrazone in the Red-Yellow Latosol. However, based on dry matter accumulation, sulfentrazone sorption increased because of the mixture with Roundup Ultra®, but decreased due to the presence of Roundup Ready® and Zapp Qi®. Therefore, the application of sulfentrazone in mixture with glyphosate alters the sorptive forces of sulfentrazone in a Red-Yellow Latosol.
La restauración de la Compañía de Jesús bajo el régimen de Franco en 1938
Authors: García Ocón Jorge
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo pretende analizar la restauración de la Compañía de Jesús en 1938 por parte del Gobierno de Burgos. Se atiende tanto al proceso que se siguió como al ambiente que lo rodeó y la postura de los diferentes protagonistas que intervinieron en el mismo. Se trata de un proceso acontecido en medio de la guerra civil española y en plena construcción del llamado nuevo Estado, lo que explica las dificultades con las que tuvo que enfrentarse el decreto que el conde Rodezno presentó ante el Consejo de Ministros.
Los hermanos de niños con discapacidad intelectual: dificultades y fortalezas
Authors: García Zamorano Elisa , Núñez Partido Juan Pedro
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar si existen diferencias en el ajuste psicológico de los hermanos de niños con síndrome de Down, autismo y grupo control y analizar si variables como el nivel socioeconómico, sexo, grado de problemas de conducta del hermano con discapacidad, orden en la jerarquía fraterna y la percepción de la calidad de su relación, influye en las fortalezas y dificultades de los hermanos sin discapacidad. Para ello se utilizaron los cuestionarios Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) y la escala de problemas de conducta del Inventario para la Planiﬁcación de Servicios y Programación individual (ICAP).
«Coge el punto, pero no el pedo». Investigación Acción Participación sobre el consumo intensivo de alcohol en un colegio mayor
Authors: Meneses-Falcón Carmen
Published: February 2020

Este estudio pretende explorar el consumo de alcohol entre los estudiantes universitarios residentes en colegios mayores en España, partiendo de la experiencia de action research en uno de ellos. En concreto se realiza una dinámica de investigación participativa con dos finalidades: por una parte, generar una actividad preventiva sobre consumo de alcohol desde y para los jóvenes; y por otra se pretende valorar las dificultades y ventajas de esta estrategia de investigación con jóvenes en colegios mayores. Los resultados muestran que la estrategia de disminución de riesgo en el consumo de alcohol teniendo como protagonistas a los jóvenes es la manera más adecuada de plantear intervenciones preventivas sobre el consumo de alcohol. Se ofrecen algunas sugerencias sobre la aplicación de Action Research en el contexto de colegios mayores.
KREDİ PORTFÖYLERİNDE SEKTÖREL YOĞUNLAŞMA VE RİSK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YALÇIN Devrim , TUNAY K.batu
Published: February 2020

Risk yönetiminin temel ilkesi portföy çeşitlendirmesidir. Ticari bankalar kredi riskini yönetebilmek için portföy teorisi çerçevesinde açtıkları kredileri etkin şekilde çeşitlendirmek zorundadır. Dolayısıyla bir bankanın kredilerinin belirli bir sektöre yoğunlaşması ciddi kredi kayıplarına maruz kalmasına neden olabilecek ana sebeplerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sektörlere göre çeşitlendirmenin, Türkiye’de ticari bankaların kullandırdığı kredilerin riskine etkisini analiz etmektir. Kredi portföyünün bir yoğunlaşma ölçütü olarak Herfindahl-Hirschman Endeksi (HHI) kullanılmış ve 2002-2018 dönemini kapsayan yıllık verilerle dinamik panel veri yöntemine dayanan analiz yapılmıştır. Çalışmada sorunlu kredilerin diğer bazı belirleyicileri de analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, örneklemde yer alan 23 ticari banka için kredi portföylerinin etkin bir şekilde çeşitlendirilmesi kredi riskini düşürmektedir. Ayrıca kredi riskinin güçlü ve pozitif dinamik etkiler sergilediği de saptanmıştır.
NAKLİYAT FİRMALARININ MUHASEBE VE FİNANSMAN SORUNLARI: IĞDIR İLİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ARSLANTÜRK ÇÖLLÜ Duygu , AKGÜN Leyla
Published: February 2020

Bu çalışma, nakliyat sektöründeki firmaların muhasebe ve finansman sorunlarını tespit ederek söz konusu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek üzere, Iğdır ilinde faaliyet gösteren 50 adet nakliyat firmasıyla yüz yüze anketler gerçekleştirilmiş ve bulgular analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, alacak yönetiminde çeşitli sıkıntılar yaşandığını, özkaynak yetersizliğinin önemli bir sorun olduğunu, muhasebe yöneticisinin yetkilerinin kısıtlandığını ve düşük maliyet gerekçesiyle yeterlilikleri uygun olmayan muhasebe personellerinin görevlendirildiğini ortaya koymuştur.
SOSYAL SERMAYE OLGUSU OLARAK ELE ALINAN UFM’LERİN İKTİSADİ KALKINMAYA VE REFAHA OLAN ETKİSİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Mustafa , ŞANLI GÜLBAHAR F. Bahar
Published: February 2020

Dünyanın hemen her bölgesinde iktisadi ve finansal konular üzerinde çalışmalar yapan araştırmacılar Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, İngiltere ve Kanada gibi Anglosakson kökenli ülkelerin finans merkezli kalkınma başarılarını kapsamlı çalışmalarla incelemektedirler. Adı geçen finans merkezi ülkelerin kalkınma hususunda gösterdikleri başarıyı farklı bilim disiplinleri farklı bakış açıları ile ele almaktadırlar, örneğin finans kökenli araştırmacılar bu başarıda düşük fonlama maliyetlerinin etkili olduğunu düşünürken; İktisat temelli yaklaşım sergileyen yazarlar Shumpeteryan yenilikçi ekonomilere atıf yapmaktadırlar. Sosyologlar ise bir başka açıdan yaklaşarak iktisaden lider ülkelerdeki kalkınmanın toplumların zaman içinde evrimleşmesi ve gelişmesi sonucunda mümkün olabildiğini öne sürmektedirler. Nihayetinde bu görüşlerin hepsinin 20 YY’ da bir sepette disipline edilerek “sosyal sermaye olgusu” olarak öne çıktığı görülmektedir. 20 YY’da beliren söz konusu sosyal sermaye olgusu ışığında bu çalışma hem sosyolojik hem iktisadi hem de finansal dinamikleri etkileme gücüne sahip UFM’leri (Uluslararası finans merkezlerini) bir sosyal sermaye olgusu olarak ele almakta ve UFM’lerin ülkelerin kalkınma ve refahına olan potansiyel etkilerini incelemektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KATILIM BANKACILIĞI SEKTÖRÜNDE SERMAYE YETERLİLİĞİ ORANI İLE KÂRLILIK, AKTİF KALİTESİ VE LİKİDİTE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: ALBAYRAK Ahmet , EREN Mehmet
Published: February 2020

Bankalar, Türkiye ekonomisi için en belirleyici finansal aracılardır. Güçlü bankacılık sektörleri olan ülkelerde, bankacılık sektörü ekonominin tüm faaliyetleri ve istikrarı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmaktadır. Katılım bankaları da 1983 yılından itibaren yüksek büyüme potansiyeli ve beklentileri ile Türk bankacılık sektöründeki yerlerini almışlardır. İstikrarlı büyümenin yolu katılım bankaları için de yeterli sermayeden geçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki katılım bankacılığının -2010 yılı Ocak ayından 2017 Aralık ayına kadar aylık zaman serisi verileri kullanılarak- sermaye yeterliliğine etki eden belirleyicilerini araştırmaktır. Sermaye yeterliliği ve belirleyicileri, ikincil finansal veriler kullanılarak çoklu doğrusal regresyon modeli ile test edilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak bankaların Sermaye Yeterliliği Oranı (SYR), bağımsız değişken olarak ise kârlılık (AK, ÖK, NKM), aktif kalitesi (TGA) ve likidite (LYO) olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma bulguları, sermaye yeterliliği ile finansal performans ve likidite arasındaki ilişkiyi göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye’deki katılım bankalarının sermaye yeterliliğini etkileyen belirleyicileri hakkında bilgi vermektedir.
Uso de biorregulador e seus reflexos na produção e na qualidade de sementes de trigo
Authors: Oliveira Sandro de , Lemes Elisa , Neves Edinilson , Ritter Ronan , De Mendonça Andre , Meneghello Geri
Published: February 2020

A região sul do Rio Grande do Sul não possui tradição na produção de trigo, e em função do aumento na área de produção da soja, tem-se aumentado o cultivo de trigo nestes locais. Neste contexto, procura-se cada vez mais aprimorar as técnicas de produção nessas áreas, buscando alternativas para que se atinja o máximo de produção com o mínimo de impacto possível. Diante disso, objetivou-se explorar os efeitos da aplicação do biorregulador Stimulate®, via tratamento de sementes e aplicações foliares, na produtividade e na qualidade das sementes de trigo produzidas em solos de várzea. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial, sendo o fator A constituído pelas cultivares de trigo e o fator B pelas doses de biorregulador via tratamento de sementes ou foliar. Os experimentos foram avaliados quanto aos componentes do rendimento e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas. A utilização de Stimulate® exerce efeito diferenciado nas cultivares de trigo, influenciado pela genética. O biorregulador Stimulate® aplicado via foliar nos estádios V3 e R1, nas doses próximas de 450 mL ha-1, ou via tratamento de sementes até 1000 mL 100 kg sementes-1, podem promover acréscimos no rendimento de sementes, no peso de mil sementes e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes produzidas, dependendo da cultivar de trigo.