bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Studies of a Siddha Medicine Ganthaga Mezhugu by Oral Administration in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Christian G. J. , Shanmugapriya P. , Elansekaran S. , Subathra T. , Meenakumari R.
Published: September 2023

Psoriasis, a chronic auto-immune skin disease, is troubling 1-3 % of the world population with a 0.44-2.8% prevalence rate in India affecting more males than females. It is considered a dermatologist’s menace as it is challenging to treat the condition. Siddha, one of the traditional systems of medicine practised more in South India, includes a wide range of medicines that are used to treat or manage various ailments, including psoriasis. One such medicine is Ganthaga Mezhugu (GM) used in treating skin diseases like psoriasis. This present study deals with the evaluation of the safety of GM as per the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines 423 and 407 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In the Acute Toxicity study, SD female rats were grouped into five, in which Groups I and II received elemental Sulphur in two different doses, Groups III and IV received Sulphur ‘purified’ with two different Siddha processes and Group V received GM (2000mg/kg b.wt.). In the subacute toxicity study, SD rats of both sexes were grouped into six in which Group 1 served as vehicle control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 as low, mid, and high dose groups and the last two (Groups 5 and 6) as satellite control and satellite high-dose groups. In the acute study, no mortality, toxic signs or any gross pathological changes were noted. Hence, the LD50 value of GM was found to be greater than 2000mg/kg b.wt. In the sub-acute toxicity study, no mortality or morbidity occurred. There was a gradual increase in body weight with normal food and water intake indicating normalcy in its metabolism. There were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters, serum electrolytes and gross pathology. Also, no pathological changes were found in the histopathology of organs in treated animals when compared with control group animals. Based on the results, regarding the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of chemicals, GM can be classified as Category−5, which implies its safety for human consumption. Moreover, the results of the sub-acute study also confirm the safety of GM up to the dose of 400mg/kg b.wt.
The Efficacy of Narasimha Rasayana in Reducing Testosterone Deficiency in Adult Males
Authors: Aparna Mohan  , K. Sreejith  , Kundagol Mahesh C. , Chacko James , Devipriya Soman
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Testosterone deficiency is defined as the clinical condition characterized by deficient production of testicular testosterone resulting in various symptoms pertaining to somatic, psychologic and sexual domains. This condition was identified as a Vāta-Pitta Pradhana Avastha where the vitiated Vāta and Pitta Dōṣās take Sthana Samsraya in the Viguna Śukravāhasrōtas resulting in Śukra Kshaya along with its functional impairment causing symptoms involving both Sarīra and Manas. Methodology: This was a pre and post-test single group clinical study conducted in 20 male patients in the age group 30 to 60 years having AMS (Aging Males Symptom) score between 27 and 49 and serum total testosterone (TT) level below 450 ng/dL. The treatment protocol adopted was Pācana Dīpana with Aṣṭacūrṇa; Abhyantara Snēhana with Kalyāṇaka Ghṛta; Sarvānga Abhyanga (Tila Taila) and Bāṣpa Swēda; Kōṣṭ aśuddhi with Gandharvahasta Ēranda Taila and Rasāyana Prayōga with Nārasimha Rasāyana for 30 days. After completion of the study, the results were statistically analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Result and Discussion: The mean total AMS Score reduced from 36 to 22.9, with a considerable reduction in somatic (14.2 to 9.45), psychological (12 to 7.4) and sexual subscales (9.65 to 6.05). The mean serum total testosterone value improved from 321.985 ng/dL to 399.839 ng/dL. Here, the treatment protocol was targeted at improving the Śukra Sārata by removing the Śukravāha Sṛotōvigunyam. The drugs in Nārasimha Rasāyana having action at levels of Agni, Sṛōtas and Dhātu, along with the specific affinity of the formulation towards the Śukravāha Srōtas ameliorated this condition by improving the physical, psychological, immunological and sexual domains in the individual. Conclusion: This treatment protocol helped in a correction the somatic, psychological and sexual symptoms in the individual with TD along with improving testosterone values with a statistical significance of p-value <0.05.
In Silico Pharmacokinetic and Molecular Docking Studies of Natural Plants against Essential Protein KRAS for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kappan Marsha Mariya , George Joby
Published: September 2023

A kind of pancreatic cancer called Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is anticipated to be one of the main causes of mortality during past years. Evidence from several researches supported the concept that the oncogenic KRAS (Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene) mutation is the major cause of pancreatic cancer. KRAS acts as an on-off switch that promotes cell growth. But when the KRAS gene is mutated, it will be in one position, allowing the cell growth uncontrollably. This uncontrollable multiplication of cells causes cancer growth. Therefore, KRAS was selected as the target protein in the study. Fifty plant-derived compounds are selected for the study. To determine whether the examined drugs could bind to the KRAS complex’s binding pocket, molecular docking was performed. Computational analyses were used to assess the possible ability of tested substances to pass the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). To predict the bioactivity of ligands a machine learning model was created. Five machine learning models were created and have chosen the best one among them for analyzing the bioactivity of each ligand. From the fifty plant-derived compounds the compounds with the least binding energies are selected. Then bioactivity of these six compounds is analyzed using Random Forest Regression model. Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) properties of compounds are analyzed. The results showed that borneol has powerful effects and acts as a promising agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This suggests that borneol found in plants like mint, ginger, rosemary, etc., is a successful compound for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Alpinia zerumbet: A Review of the Chemistry, Quantity, and Pharmacological Properties of Selected Kavalactones
Authors: Chan Eric Wei Chiang , Kezuka Mio , Chan Hung Tuck , Wong Siu Kuin
Published: September 2023

Alpinia zerumbet or shell ginger is a ginger plant with diverse chemical constituents and medicinal and non-medicinal uses. Dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain (DDK) and Dehydrokawain (DK) are two kavalactones (also known as kava pyrones or styrylpyrones) from A. zerumbet. Both DDK and DK have a carbonyl group at C2, a methoxy group at C4, and a double bond at C5 and C6. DK has a double bond at C7 and C8 that is absent in DDK. Quantity of DDK in A. zerumbet can be ranked as rhizome > leaf > flower > stem > seed. The pericarp and seed placenta of the fruit has higher quantity of DDK than the leaf. In most plant parts, the contents of DDK are higher than those of DK. Hispidin (HP) is synthesized from DK by hydrolysis. These three kavalactones from A. zerumbet have the most promising pharmacological properties that include insecticidal, fungicidal, antioxidant, inhibition of enzymes, inhibition of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), promotion of hair growth, anti-cancer, inhibition of melanogenesis, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, HIV-1 integrase inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, osteogenic, anti-platelet aggregation, cytoprotective, anti-ulcerative, and singlet oxygen quenching activities. Some fields for further research are suggested. Sources of information in this review were from Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, J-Stage, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubChem.
Traditional Medicine — A Gold Mine in the Treatment of Asthma
Authors: Saini Jatin , Mazumder Avijit , Arbaz Khan
Published: September 2023

Asthma is one of the chronic respiratory disorder whose incidence and intensity is rising day by day. Globally, this devastating disease affects almost 300 million people. Since ancient times, various plants had already been identified as traditionally and utilized by medical practices for managing asthma in many countries. This goal of the article is to investigate and consolidate information on the ethnomedical applications, phytochemistry, and preparation techniques of frequently used medicinal herbs to treat asthma. With soaring efficiency, the search for new, high-value molecules continue, and there are still many medications with side effects that need to be identified. Phenolics, sterols, and terpenoids, which are a key class of phytoconstituents against asthma are only a few examples of the active compounds against asthma that may be found in medicinal plants. It is advised that further research is required to identify adverse effects, effectiveness, and safety, as well as other factors of anti-asthmatic herbs and standardize herbal treatments.
A Case Study of Suttigai (Thermal Cauterization) in the Management of Mugavatham (Bell’s Palsy)
Authors: R. Keerthika  , D. Periyasami  , M. V. Mahadevan  , V. Mahalakshmi  , P. Samundeswari  , N. J. Muthukumar
Published: September 2023

Bell’s palsy (Mugavatham) is a unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis of acute onset. Suttigai (Thermal cauterization) provides prompt relief. This study aims to establish the efficacy of Suttigai therapy in the management of Mugavatham. A 35-year-old male patient diagnosed with right-sided facial paralysis was treated with Suttigai therapy. The “House and Breckmann” assessment scale was used to evaluate the case. After the Suttigai therapy, the scale rating improved from grade IV to grade I. The asymmetry of the face and the motor functions significantly improved as a result. The efficacy of Suttigai treatment for the management of Mugavatham is successful with immediate relief. Hence more and more efforts are needed to optimize the treatment and utilization of Suttigai therapy in the management of Mugavatham.
Assessment of Chemical Constituents of Allium sativum Essential Oil Extracted by using Hydrodistillation Technique and their Pharmacological Potential
Authors: Sharma Kusum , Sharma Veena
Published: September 2023

The current study was based on identification of chemical components and pharmacological potential of Allium sativum essential oil. The pharmacological properties mainly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential of Allium sativum Essential Oil (ASEO) were also studied. Allium sativum is a traditional medicinal plant of the Alliaceae family. The extracted essential oil from fresh bulbs of Allium sativum through hydro distillation process was further analyzed by GC-MS. To determine the potential of Allium sativum essential oil for reducing inflammation and preventing diabetes, evaluation of antioxidant assays, protein denaturation and glucose absorption by yeast cells were studied. The results explained the presence of several organosulfur compounds that were identified by using different combinations of non-polar solvents mainly represented as Diallyldisulfide, Methyl Allyl Disulfide, Methyl Allyl Trisulfide, Diallyltrisulfide and Diallyltetrasulfide. The antioxidant potential of ASEO expressed as IC50 values of DPPH, ABTS, β-carotene assay, Nitric Oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl scavenging and metal chelating were 5.93 mg/ml, 2.1 mg/ml, 7.94 mg/ml, 5.49 μg/ml, 11.55 μg/ml, 7.66 μg/ml and 10.60 μg/ ml respectively. Further, total phenolic level, total flavonoid level, FRAP assay and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated and they were as follows: 4.99 ± 0.41 mg GAE/g, 98.46 ± 0.16 mg QE/g, 4.99 ± 0.26 mg/g and 15.80 ± 0.14 mg/g. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory assay was assessed by considering the protein denaturation method which exhibits IC50 value 3.53μg/ml. In addition to this, anti-diabetic potential was assessed by considering glucose absorption by yeast cells at various glucose concentrations (5mM, 10mM, 25mM) which indicated that the ASEO enhanced glucose uptake via the yeast cell membrane. Upregulation of glucose was reported with sequential elevations in the ASEO concentration. Based on the above results, it was revealed that Allium sativum essential oil exhibits reasonable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity that could be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent in inflammatory diseases. However, future research is required to isolate prominent functional components to determine the observed potential in preclinical studies.
Profiling of Immunomodulatory Flavonois From Leafy Vegetables Available in West Bengal - An Overview of Their Mechanism of Action
Authors: Adhikari Tushar , Saha Prerona
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases such as cancer and viral diseases including COVID-19 poses a serious problem in terms of prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Various kinds of active immunomodulatory ingredients are one of the main components of the continuous breakthroughs of pharmaceuticals until recent research. Flavonoids are significant phytochemicals that are thought to be principally responsible for plants’ immunomodulation function. These phytochemicals can also serve as a model for the creation of safe and effective immunomodulators as potential treatments for the prevention and treatment of various immune-related disorders. Leafy vegetables give stronger support for human health due to their overlapping nutritional and therapeutic advantages. The goal of the present review was to profile the immunomodulatory flavonoids from the leafy vegetables of West Bengal to support the prevalent immune-related disorders worldwide. The majority of the leafy vegetables with significant immunomodulatory action are outlined, along with their potential mechanisms and quantity of the response flavonoids. The present work will pick the interest of researchers and promote additional studies on these leafy vegetables-based immunomodulation agents as prospective therapies for the treatment the various immune-suppressed disorders in future days.
Study of Effect of Panchgavya Ghrit - A Snehik Nasya in Vatika Shiroroga (Shirashool) - An Interventional Study
Authors: Ravekar Dhanashree , Nawkar Madhumati , Joshi Dnyanesh , Mhaiskar Bhushan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: In Ayurveda, diseases related to Urdhvajatrugata and their Chikitsa have a special reference in classical texts. Among all Shirorogas, Shirashool (headache) is having prime importance as it affects the individual’s lifestyle and daily activities. Transmucosal routes of drug delivery (i.e., the mucosal linings of the oral, nasal, rectal, vaginal, and ocular cavities) offer distinct advantages over per-oral administration for systemic effect. Nasal drug delivery has been used since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. In Charak Chikitsa Sthan 26, it has been exclusively mentioned that Snehan, Swedan and Nasya as the best treatment for Vaatik Shirashool. Aim and Objective: To study the efficacy of Panchagavya Ghrit in Vataj Shirorog. To study the mode of action of Panchagavya Ghrit Pratimarsha Nasya in the same. Materials and Methods: 40 patients of Vaatik Shirashool were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and symptoms based on classical symptoms in Ayurved Samhitas and evaluated based on subjective parameters. Sneha in the form of Panchagavya Ghrita was given to patients as Pratimarsha Nasya for 30 days. Follow-up was taken on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th of the study. Observation and Results: Observations were categorised and analysed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results in all symptoms, i.e., pain (site, type, duration, frequency) (p=<0.05) and associated symptoms (p=<0.05) were found significant. Conclusion: Hence, Panchagavya Ghrita as Pratimarsha Nasya was found effective in Vaatik Shirashool. Neck stiffness and pulsating sensation were found most occurring symptoms along with vertigo. Hence, we can correlate Vaatik Shirashool with cervical spondylitis. Hence, Panchagavya Ghrita may be found effective in cervical spondylitis also.
Development and Evaluation of Natural Anti-dandruff Shampoo
Authors: Alam Faruk , Das Soma , Kalita Pallab , Pathak Bhaskar Jyoti , Judder Moidul Islam , Dasgupta Debaprotim , Sarkar Dhrubajyoti
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to develop a pure herbal anti-dandruff shampoo and assess its efficacy and safety. The herbal shampoo was prepared by mixing various amounts of the following extracts into a 10% aqueous solution: Neem (Azadirachta indica), Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates), Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi), Sheekakai (Sapindus indica), Amla (Indian gooseberries), Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba), and Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri). The pH was changed, and methylparaben was added as a preservative in very minute amounts. To ascertain the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared shampoos, several tests including visual inspection, pH, wetting time, percentage of solid contents, foam volume and stability, surface tension, detergency, dirt dispersion, etc. were carried out. By giving 20 student volunteers a blind test, the conditioning performance of the herbal shampoo formulation was also assessed. The herbal shampoo was presented simply and appealingly. It demonstrated high detergency, good cleaning, and low surface tension. After 5 minutes, the shampoo’s formulation provided good foam stability. It was discovered that the scores for the conditioning performance of the hair after using a herbal shampoo ranged from 1.75 to 3.4. The results revealed that the specifically formulated shampoo had outstanding conditioning performance, comparable to a shampoo that is easily found in markets. Malassezia furfur was used as a test subject for the efficiency of the multi-herbal anti-dandruff formulations. Formulation F4 demonstrated strong antifungal activity, as measured by the zone of inhibition and lowest inhibitory concentration. However, additional research and development are required to improve its quality and safety.
Traditional Indian Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review of Active Constituents and their Pharmacological Effects
Authors: Sarkar Dhrubajyoti , Das Soma , Kalita Pallab , Jyoti Pathak Bhaskar , Judder Moidul Islam , Datta Kunal , Alam Faruk
Published: September 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The use of natural products for the treatment of psoriasis has gained interest due to their potential to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation. Traditional Indian medicinal plants offer a promising source of natural products for the treatment of psoriasis. This article provides a comprehensive review of Indian medicinal plants that have been traditionally used for the treatment of psoriasis, along with their active constituents and reported pharmacological activities. In addition, we discuss the molecular pharmacology of psoriasis and the limitations of current allopathic treatment methods. Finally, we highlight the potential therapeutic effects of individual active constituents found in Indian medicinal plants, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This review provides a basis for further research on the use of traditional Indian medicinal plants for the treatment of psoriasis.
Quercetin Mitigates Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Desai Ankita , Shah Hital , Patel Anjali , Gandhi Tejal R.
Published: September 2023

A severe diabetic complication, diabetic nephropathy, progresses to terminal kidney disease. A chronic hyperglycemia-related excess of reactive oxygen species results in the advancement of diabetes complications. Through streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats, the present study investigated Quercetin’s renoprotective effect by upregulating nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to cope with oxidative stress. During eight weeks study, daily food-water and weekly body weight were evaluated while biochemical, antioxidant parameters and genetic expression (Nrf2, Hemeoxygenease-1, Nuclear factor kappa B, Interlukin-6, and Caspase-3) were assessed at the end. The outcomes were interpreted using ANOVA, and the significance was determined using Dunnett’s test. Quercetin treatment for eight weeks significantly controlled hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and downregulated inflammatory activators NFκB, IL-6, and Caspase-3. The significant upregulation of Nrf2 gene expression reduced oxidative damage by promoting Antioxidant response elements and initiating downstream cascade (HO-1 and antioxidant enzymes). The results are supported by histopathology. Experimental evidence suggests that Quercetin can fight metabolic disorders and their related microvascular diseases by activating Nrf2.
Combining Tradition and Technology: Ayurvedic Preconception Care Paves the Way for In Vitro Fertilisation Success — A Case Report
Authors: Manjula C. M. , Atheena S. , Krishnarajabhatt Hemavathi Shivapura , Unnikrishnan Parvathy , Muraleedharan Anjaly
Published: September 2023

Infertility is a critical issue that affects a staggering 186 million people worldwide, with a prevalence ranging from 9-18 % of the general population. For many couples, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) represents their last hope for starting a family. However, in the event of treatment failure, it becomes a significant source of physical and emotional distress, exacerbating the already challenging experience of infertility. This case study highlights a 32-year old woman diagnosed with primary infertility who had been unable to conceive, even after undergoing conventional fertility treatments, including multiple Assisted Reproductive Technology procedures. She presented with symptoms of hot flushes, nausea, and irritability, which persisted following repeated cycles of ovulation induction. Upon further assessment using Ayurvedic principles, she was diagnosed with Anapathya Vandhya. Following a course of Ayurvedic preconception care, the patient experienced significant relief from her symptoms and successfully conceived through in vitro fertilization in a subsequent cycle. With its focus on holistic, personalized care, Ayurvedic preconception care can be a valuable complementary option for individuals to optimize their reproductive potential and achieve their dream of starting a family, including those who are pursuing Assisted Reproductive Technology. This case of primary infertility reports the success of In Vitro Fertilization after Ayurvedic preconception care, demonstrating the potential benefits of integrating traditional medicine with modern fertility treatments.
Effect of Dill Seed Tea on Lactation Among Postnatal Mothers Admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Patel Vruti , Prakasam Anita , Patel Charmi H. , Patel Charmi M. , Bhatt Sourabh P.
Published: September 2023

Breastfeeding is the most beneficial initial nourishment for newborns in terms of health outcomes. Galactagogues are substances that aid in increasing milk production. Galactagogues include herbs such as dill seeds, fenugreek, as well as medications like metoclopramide and domperidone. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of dill seeds tea in promoting lactation among postnatal mothers admitted to a tertiary care hospital. A quasi-experimental research design with a quantitative approach was employed, and data was collected using a convenient sampling technique from 60 postnatal mothers, with 30 participants assigned to the quasi-experimental group and 30 to the control group. The quasi-experimental group received dill seeds tea in the morning for five days, consisting of 1 teaspoon of dill seeds, 200 ml of water, 1 teaspoon of jaggery, and half a teaspoon of cow ghee. The sample selection followed specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research tools utilized in the study included a questionnaire to gather demographic and obstetrical data, as well as a Likert scale to assess breastfeeding adequacy in postnatal mothers. The study results revealed that during the pre-test, the majority of the control group (86.7%) experienced inadequate lactation, while 13.3% had satisfactory lactation. In the experimental group, the majority (93.3%) had inadequate lactation, with only 6.7% experiencing satisfactory lactation. During the post-test, the control group had a majority of 76.7% with inadequate lactation. In contrast, the experimental group had 80% with adequate lactation and 20% with satisfactory lactation. The study’s findings indicate that the majority of postnatal mothers in both the experimental and control groups initially experienced insufficient breast milk production, but after receiving dill seeds tea, lactation improved among the postnatal mothers. Therefore, it can be concluded that dill seeds tea was effective in enhancing lactation in postnatal mothers.
Role of Lifestyle Changes and Natural Herbs in the Management of Hepatic Health
Authors: Archna Singh  , Avijit Mazumder  , Saumya Das  , Anmol Kanda
Published: September 2023

Liver ailments are significant contributors to human illness and death globally. The prevalence of liver disorders is increasing owing to the widespread prevalence of hepatitis and alcohol addiction. These conditions can be triggered by infection, trauma, exposure to pharmaceuticals or hazardous substances, autoimmune disorders, or genetic abnormalities resulting in the accumulation of harmful substances. Despite advances in understanding the causes underlying hepatic dysfunction, no standard pharmaceutical therapy is available. The only currently advised option is to make lifestyle changes such as diet, intermittent fasting, and increased physical exercise. However, a lack of compliance continues to impede this strategy. As a result, there is an apparent need to characterize novel therapeutic alternatives. Current advances in the communication between the gut and hepatic tissue open new avenues for better explaining the molecular mechanisms behind the pathology of hepatic illness. Natural bioactive compound research has emerged as an appealing strategy for overcoming lifestyle change resistance. The current study aims to review some of the identified compounds and other herbal approaches with favourable characteristics to hepatic health. This review study discusses their protective properties, mode of action in ameliorating the major pathological events involved in liver disorders, and therapeutic applications.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Extract in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Mazumder AvijitAvijit , Pentela Bhavani , Sanjana  , Gupta Vikas
Published: September 2023

Excision and incision wound models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity on Wistar albino rats by applying the topical application of a prepared ointment. The wound healing potential was assessed by measuring the rate of the epithelization period, wound contraction, wound breaking strength, and histopathological parameters reference with povidone iodine ointment as standard. Higher rate of wound contraction (****P<0.0001), decrease in the period of epithelization (**P<0.01) higher wound breaking strength (****P<0.0001), and favorable histopathological changes were observed with the ointment containing 5% and 10% hydro-ethanolic extract of leaves. The data of this study indicated that hydro-ethanolic Vernonia amygdalina extract of leaves exhibited potent wound healing effects thus the study can be extended in future for the study of phytoconstituents which are giving the wound healing effect.
A critical review of multiple alternative pathways for the production of a high-value bioproduct from sugarcane mill byproducts: the case of adipic acid
Authors: Cronjé Yakim , Farzad Somayeh , Mandegari Mohsen , Görgens Johann F.
Published: September 2023

Biobased fuels, chemicals, and materials can replace fossil fuel products and mitigate climate change. Sugarcane mills have the potential to produce a wider range of biobased chemicals in a similar approach to bioethanol production, including adipic acid. Multiple alternative pathways for converting simple sugars into adipic acid have been described, with the potential for integration into a sugar mill. The economics and expected greenhouse gas emissions reductions compared to fossil-based adipic acid were investigated in the present study to identify preferred pathways for implementation in sugarcane biorefineries. Nine biobased pathways for adipic acid production were screened for technical performances, resulting in the selection of four preferred options for rigorous comparison, i.e., direct microbial conversion of sugars, and production via cis,cis-muconic acid, glucaric acid, and glycerol as intermediate, obtained from sugars. The minimum selling prices of adipic acid for an attractive return on investment were determined for these pathways, using either A-molasses or a combination of A-molasses and pretreated sugarcane lignocelluloses in biorefineries designed to be energy-self-sufficient. Adipic acid production from A-molasses via cis,cis-muconic acid was the best overall performing scenario with the lowest minimum selling price of USD 2,538/Mt and lowered greenhouse gas emissions (2,325 g CO2 eq/kg wet) compared to fossil-based adipic acid production. The scenarios with combined A-molasses and lignocellulosic feedstock had increased minimum selling prices by 29 to 101% compared to adipic acid production from A molasses via cis,cis-muconic acid.
Simulação realística no ensino médico: como construir um caso de intoxicação por cocaína
Authors: Marinho Sarah D’Antonio , Santos Lyandra Souto , Silva Gabriel Rodrigues , Pfuetzenreiter Júnior Elio Gilberto , Bach Hi Edgar Matias
Published: September 2023

A simulação realística desempenha um papel importante na transição dos estudantes para o contexto real, permitindo uma conduta segura e sistematizada, garantindo maior segurança ao paciente. A cocaína é uma das drogas mais utilizadas no mundo, sendo seu uso associado a efeitos decorrentes da toxicidade aguda, principalmente os cardiovasculares. O objetivo primário deste trabalho foi elaborar um caso simulado de intoxicação por cocaína, além de abordar os estágios necessários para construção de um cenário em simulação médica. O cenário foi desenvolvido no Centro de Simulação Realística UNILUS com utilização do simulador de alta fidelidade CAE Apollo Prehospital. Para o desenvolvimento foram utilizadas as ferramentas SMART, PEARLS e conceitos de SimZones. O caso descrito conta com todas as informações pertinentes a sua programação e execução como: sinais vitais, falas do paciente, pontos de discussão e checklist para avaliação da simulação. Concluímos que esta metodologia proporciona uma importante etapa na formação do profissional, garantindo uma assistência segura aos futuros pacientes.
Urban road cyclability: indicators for the municipality of Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
Authors: Lobo Carlos , Pinto Guilherme Francisco do Nascimento
Published: September 2023

How people move around in large Brazilian cities reflects a process of production and appropriation of urban space. The transport system is characterised by the increasing rate of individual motorisation and the precariousness of public transport services. The general objective of this paper is to evaluate the level of road cycling in the city of Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais/Brazil, based on the proposition and analysis of indicators to assess the degree of adequacy of urban roads for bicycle use as a transport mode. The results indicate that many of the roads in Belo Horizonte have good cycling levels. Given its topography and climate, these findings go against commonly held views that consider the municipality inappropriate for cycling as a mode of transport. In reality, Belo Horizonte has a very underused high cycling potential, especially if there were investments to expand the exclusive/preferred road infrastructure.
Simulação de abertura zenital para captação de luz natural: estudo de caso em região de clima quente e úmido
Authors: Monteiro Marcela Marçal Maciel , Cabús Ricardo Carvalho
Published: September 2023

O desempenho da luz natural nos ambientes internos sofre influência de diversos elementos, como entorno edificado, verticalização, geometria das edificações, e ainda deve-se levar em consideração aspectos de cada localidade, como clima, relevo, localização, refletância das superfícies internas, entre outros. Com enfoque no clima quente-úmido, o estudo foi realizado na cidade de Belém, localizada no estado do Pará. A pesquisa objetivou estudar o comportamento da luz natural, através de estudo com simulação computacional para captação de luz pela cobertura, a fim de investigar vantagens e desvantagens entre as mesmas, para o clima quente e úmido. Para simulação computacional foi utilizado o software TropLux. A pesquisa busca estudar o comportamento da luz, com a utilização de elementos transparentes nas aberturas zenitais e laterais, para investigar o desempenho desses diferentes dispositivos de fechamento na arquitetura.
Silence as Leadership Communication: Public Perception, Interpretation, and Negotiated Meaning
Authors: Utulu Anthony U. , Bello David
Published: September 2023

Every communication encounter primarily starts because initiators aim to inform and influence others. Silence is a form of nonverbal communication that can be deployed by those communicating. Since nonverbal communication complements the verbal form of communication, it is expected that it is effectively used to enhance the sender-receiver’s communication gains. This paper investigated leaders’ communication style and if leaders’ silence affected public perception, interpretation, and the meaning assigned to a communicated message, using the former Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari, and the Nigerian public as cases. It adopted a qualitative approach—an in-depth interview method, using an interview guide as the instrument for data collection. The data analyzed showed that adopting silence as a form of communication, especially during a crisis, would harm the human communication experience. Buhari’s silence toward Fulani herders’ attacks affected how the masses perceived, interpreted, and assigned meaning to his action. It allowed conspiracy theories to thrive as public opinion showed that his silence encouraged the herders’ nefarious actions.
Práticas institucionais de reconhecimento fotográfico e pessoal no sistema de justiça criminal do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Garau Marilha Gabriela
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca das práticas institucionais de reconhecimento fotográfico e pessoal em crimes tipificados como roubo no âmbito do sistema de Justiça Criminal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro[1]. A partir da descrição de casos concretos conduzidos na capital e região metropolitana, são apresentados os resultados preliminares da pesquisa de viés empírico “Reconhecimento(s) fotográfico e pessoal como práticas inquisitoriais do Processo Penal Brasileiro”. A metodologia inspirada pela Antropologia Jurídica busca problematizar discursos e práticas de atores no que tange à condução do processo de construção de verdade judiciária. Conclui-se que há prevalência de práticas inquisitoriais alavancadas por um processo de exclusão discursiva de determinados sujeitos morais, o que em termos objetivos exclui o pressuposto da presunção de inocência. A questão parece ser intrínseca à dinâmica processual, posto que a noção de que determinadas versões não são acreditáveis está diretamente relacionada à atribuição de presunção de veracidade das versões construídas em sede policial.
IMAGEM, IMAGINÁRIO E EDUCAÇÃO EM ARTE
Authors: Esmeris Sabrina
Published: September 2023

O artigo aborda, primeiramente, as relações entre imagens e imaginários coletivos para, em seguida, discorrer sobre processos de leituras individuais, mesmo que estas estejam relacionadas ao imaginário ou cultura de um grupo. Após, a discussão é trazida para o âmbito da educação para pensar os benefícios de se trabalhar com a imagem ou com o audiovisual na escola em consonância com o campo da cultura visual para refletir sobre o papel da disciplina de arte. Por fim, conclui-se que se as imagens são permeadas por imaginários, deve-se considerar sua força e seu potencial de impacto. Por esse motivo, o assunto é pauta necessária para o campo da educação em arte para que se possa estabelecer um posicionamento crítico diante das imagens.
OLHAR PARA A PARTITURA DE SI MESMO
Authors: Fragomeni Penna Michael , Ribeiro Bellochio Cláudia
Published: September 2023

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve o objetivo de compreender como a experiência com música torna-se aprendizado biográfico na formação do sujeito ao longo da vida. Por meio da metodologia de narrativas (auto)biográficas, cinco pessoas adultas participaram de entrevistas narrativas que potencializaram o olhar para a ‘partitura de si mesmo’. Em suas narrativas, refletiram sobre a vida tecida com música e os aprendizados biográficos resultantes dessas experiências. Como fundamento teórico da pesquisa, Alheit; Dausien (2006) e Delory-Momberger (2016) contribuem para a reflexão acerca das experiências de vida na construção do modo de presença no mundo e de formação do sujeito ao longo da vida. Bowman (2020) também foi referência na possibilidade de compreender uma vida tecida com música para poder formar no indivíduo discernimentos éticos por meio da prática musical. Das entrevistas, emergiram unidades de análises temáticas que tecem a conclusão do potencial da música para a formação humana, contribuindo para a ampliação das possibilidades da educação musical para a formação do sujeito ao longo da vida.
Innovation of Arduino Uno-Based Physics Practicum Tool with MAX4466 Sound Sensor
Authors: Najahy Muhammad Khairul Annam Najahy , Supurwoko  , Rahmasari Lita
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to make an Arduino Uno-based doppler effect practicum tool with a Max4466 sensor, to find out the results of testing an Arduino Uno-based doppler effect practicum tool with a Max446 sound sensor. The research methodology used is linear regression of the instrument calibration experiment. The data of this research is data from the experimental results of practicum tools made with the calibration tool. This study states that the Max4466 Sound Sensor reads the frequency of sound then the data is processed and sent by Arduino Uno via commands on the Arduino IDE and the Data Streamer menu to Microsoft Excel. After that, the tool calibration process is carried out by comparing the frequency value between what is read on the sensor and the calibrator (digital multi-meter). This practicum tool innovation could directs teachers and students. The benefit of this research is to provide learning media that supports the teaching and learning process and improves students' skills. This research suggestion is for future researchers to look for other calibrators that can record data automatically to facilitate instrument calibration and conduct further research on the effect of air (environment) on a sound.
Antibacterial efficacy of Mangifera indica L. leaves extract against Streptococcus mutants
Authors: Pramusita Adya , Yunus Renna Maulana , Mukharromah Lailatul , Andriana Agustin
Published: September 2023

Background: Various preventive actions are being developed to prevent dental caries. On the other hand, some of these methods can only be applied by the dentist. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative caries prevention method. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This research is experimental laboratory research and used a random sampling technique. Mango (M. indica L.) leaves extract was diluted using the double dilution method, which were 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.15%, 0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025%. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of mango (M. indica L.) leaves extract against S. mutans was determined using the agar plate thinning method. Results: The results showed no bacterial growth in the media with 100%, 50%, and 25% mango leaves extract. In addition, it was found that in media with 12.5% mango leaves extract still showed colony growth. Conclusion: Mango (M. indica L.) leaves extract in ethanol solvent has an antibacterial effect against S. mutans with the MBC value of 25%.
Education on children’s dental health through illustrated books based on local wisdom in Probolinggo District
Authors: Sinaredi Betadion Rizki , Bramantoro Taufan , Firmansyah Fikri Febrian , Cahyaningtyas Carissa Putri , Firdausi Nurul Layly
Published: September 2023

Background: Dental problems are health problems that have to be taken into account, especially in Indonesia, where it is known that the correct brushing time for Indonesian people is only 2.8%. Meanwhile, in the working area of the Dringu Health Center in Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia the prevalence of dental caries in Taman Sari Village reached 46%. Purpose: This study aims to determine the knowledge of Pos Layanan Terpadu/Posyandu (Integrated Service Post)cadres from the socialization of children’s dental health illustration books activities with local languages in the working area of the Dringu Health Center, Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: This activity is a socialization for children’s dental health illustration books using the Madurese language, involving cadres and staff of the Dringu Health Center, Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The increased knowledge of the participants is assessed through the results of the pre-test and post-test that have been done. Results: The results showed that there was an increase in participants knowledge by 21%. Conclusion: The socialization of dental health illustration books in local languages in the working area of the Dringu Health Center, Probolinggo Regency, East Java, Indonesia can increase participants knowledge about dental health.
Essential of Graptophyllum pictum for the medical and dental purposes
Authors: Dhywinanda Devin Elysia , Dien Sinta Nuriyah , Chairuly Hadfi Dhaky , Sakti Gilang Ratri , Tandra Renata Jasmine Ramadhanty Felisha , Kartikasari Nadia , Mundiratri Karina , Sitalaksmi Ratri Maya , Aljunaid Mohammed Ahmed Qasim Saleh
Published: September 2023

Background: The use of plants for medicinal purposes continues to expand rapidly across the world. Up to 80% of the world's population is estimated to rely heavily on herbal medicines for their primary health care. Graptophyllum pictum leaves (GPL) have long been used as herbal medicine for several diseases or health conditions. However, until now, there have been only limited studies regarding laboratory experiments and the pharmacological effects of GPL. Purpose: To summarize the phytopharmacology aspect of GPL used for medical and dental purposes. Review(s): Based on the 36 articles included, GPL is widely used in medicine and dentistry, such as for treatment of hemorrhoids, periodontitis, and candidiasis, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. However, the current research study designs are still in vitro and in vivo experiments. Continuing experiments and clinical tests are needed to explore the essential use of the GPL. Conclusion: GPL can be used for medical and dental purposes due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.
Optimization of proteinase K incubation protocol duration during DNA extraction from oral squamous cell carcinoma FFPE samples
Authors: Meizarini Asti , Puteri Astari , Yasan Yanna Debby Restifanny , Hussaini Haizal Mohd
Published: September 2023

Background: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimen archives are a valuable source of sample material for molecular biological analysis. However, the DNA isolated from FFPE samples is usually low in concentration and fragmented. Thus, it is necessary to optimize the FFPE DNA extraction protocol to obtain the best results. Proteinase K incubation is undoubtedly crucial in DNA extraction procedures, but this step is often not well explained in the manufacturer’s manual. Purpose: This study aimed to find the optimal duration for proteinase K incubation protocols to achieve the highest DNA yields. Methods: Fifteen paraffin blocks of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) specimens were obtained, and the cancerous areas were microdissected into smaller cuts for DNA extraction. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n=5) and subjected to three different proteinase K incubation protocols: one-hour incubation at 56ºC as per the manufacturer’s instructions (Group I), 24-hour incubation at 56ºC (Group II), and 48 hours at room temperature with an additional four hours at 56ºC (Group III). The extracted DNA was then quantified using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer. The recorded data were analyzed using ANOVA-LSD. Results: The highest DNA concentration was found in Group III (107.74 ± 41.92), which was significantly higher compared to Group II (59.46 ± 30.32) and Group I (6.46 ± 1.97) (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, modifying the duration of proteinase K incubation protocols can lead to different DNA yield results. In this study, the most optimized protocol for proteinase K incubation, resulting in the highest DNA yields, was 48 hours at room temperature with an additional four hours at 56ºC.
Pangasius djambal gelatin increases osteoprotegerin, decreases RANK and RANKL after tooth extraction in vivo
Authors: Mardiyantoro Fredy , Prasetyaningrum Nenny , Hidayat Lukman H. , Khasanah Uswatun , Roring Virginia C. , Muizun Ahida , Kardikadewi Varellia A. W.
Published: September 2023

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays a role in preventing osteoclast formation and osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting the receptor activator nuclear factor-β and its ligand (RANK–RANKL) interaction that causes bone resorption. Pangasius djambal gelatin contains essential amino acids that may stimulate bone remodeling. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the expressions of OPG, RANKL, and RANK following tooth extraction to ascertain whether OPG is associated with the RANKL and RANK ratios following gelatin induction. Methods: This study was a true experimental study with a simple, randomized post-test only control group design. Twenty-four albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into two groups (n = 4). The treatment group was treated with P. djambal gelatin following tooth extraction, while the control group was left untreated. Animal models undergoing tooth extraction were anesthetized intraperitoneally with ketamine (1,000 mg/10 ml up to 0.2 ml). The tooth was then extracted slowly so as not to break it. P. djambal gelatin was dripped (0.1 ml) into the socket after the extraction procedure. The association of OPG with RANKL and RANK immunohistochemistry expressions was evaluated after three, five, and seven days. Results: There was a significant increase in OPG expression on day 7 (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease in the expression of RANKL and RANK (P < 0.05) in the treatment group. Conclusion: The application of P. djambal gelatin could increase OPG expression, decrease RANKL and RANK expression in the socket following tooth extraction, and might be associated with the inhibition of bone resorption.