bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ONTOLOGY OF DESIGNING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LABOR’S SUBJECT THEORY POSTULATES
Authors:   Samara State Aerospace University named after academician S.P. Korolev (National Research University), T. Sosnina
Published: May 2016

A variant of defining the semantic status of the ontology of designing is proposed with regard to metamorphosis of the means of labor – basic elements of any production process. The definitions of the terms “design”, “ontology” and “ontology of designing” are considered in the historic-logic perspective. The postulates of the labor theory are analyzed. Those postulates describe the natural (user-cost), social (cost), thing and process characteristics. The difference between a finished and final product is stated. The terms “result of designing” and “project”; “object of designing” and “thing” are compared. The necessity for implication of a new triad of definitions: nominal, primary and secondary objects of design is presented. The essence of the designing process is specified in the context of the “objectivationdisobjectivation” paradigm. The status of the subject of designing is considered as the goal-directing and the goalachievement functional unity. The lifecycle of designing is analyzed in the form of two technological chains – the basic one and the parallel one. The first one is associated with the processes of designing, the stages of the product’s lifecycle up to the recycling. The second one is associated with the possibility to utilize any byproducts in material and informational forms.
APPLICATION OF THE ONTOLOGICAL MODEL FOR SEMANTIC SEARCH OF THE INFORMATION OBJECTS
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Rogushina J.
Published: May 2016

The article describes the modeling of an intelligent system aimed to support interaction of information resources and information consumers that use internal and external knowledge bases. Existing approaches to estimation of intelligent level of information systems and expedience of their applicability towards information retrieval systems are analyzed. On basis of this analysis, a comparison criterion of intelligent level of different applications is proposed. The criteria is based on such parameters as type and number of processed atomic elements and relations among them and processing algorithm complexity. Ontological model of interaction between Web resources and users of the semantic search system is developed. Sources and methods of development and improvement of this model are proposed. The model applications for increasing the intelligence level of the semantic search system are proposed. Software realization of personalized and collaborative semantic search system on basis of this ontological model is described. The ways of the models application for integration of search instrument with applied systems are described (on example of competence matching task that is used for employment assistance, qualification comparison, educational mobility etc.).
EVERGETIC AND ONTOLOGIES OF MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Arpentieva M.
Published: May 2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of the three evergetical strategies in sciences searches and management of the community development. The study develops regulations based on postnonclassical scientific rationality evergetics from V.A. Vittikh, discusses evergetical strategies, it’s differences in managing theory and practice. The complexity of communities and the process of their development, the proliferation of diversity management issues these communities and their development suggest the need for developing approaches that integrate a variety of these practical problems and develop a single, theoretical model and meta-model. These models allow not only to optimize the control method, but to answer the question about what management is and what management is necessary for the development of communities as examples of complex, developed systems. Evergetics, proposed by V.A. The Vittikh, becomes one of such approaches It is an example of transdisciplinary and transdiscursive approach to comprehend the essence and technologies of management. It allows to select the strategy, harmoniously implementing the values and management objectives as a component of community development. Comparative analysis of management strategies allows to select evergetical, pseudoevergetical and unevergetical strategies, their characteristics and capabilities in managing the development of their communities. Selected strategies phenomenologically similar to various under-moves to the study of management, reflect certain aspects of it. Practical significance of the research connected with the development of a new perspective on the nature, components and processes that involves the possibility of optimizing the management and training management of social development. Theoretical significance of the research is connected with the development of the evergetics theory by V.A. Vittikh as an innovative metatheoretic, transdimensional approach to understanding the control of complex systems aimed at understanding the essence of society and its development.
Emplacement of Lamproites in and around Ramadugu, Nalgonda District- ground Magnetic evidence
Authors: G Ramadass , G Sri Ramulu , Laxmi Udaya
Published: May 2016

The total magnetic intensity data has been collected in and around Ramadugu Village in Eastern DharwarCraton to understand the magnetic evidence over the known Lamproites zones in conjunction with geology and geomorphology. Based on the magnetic, geological and geomorphological signatures observed from the known lamproites potential zones, new probable locations are identified in the study area. Nine magnetic lows and fourteen magnetic highs are traced, lows are representing the presence of Lamproites within the granite gneiss, and highs are observed over the presence of banded iron formations. The generated analytical (Horizontal, Vertical, Tilt, Analytical signal) maps from the total magnetic anomaly show the trends of the magnetic lineaments and trending in NW-SE, NE-SW &E-W direction. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the magnetic data clearly identified four tectonic disturbed (A.B,C,D) zones, various faults and other lineaments/dykes and the intersection of lineaments, geological, morpho structural, tectonic aspects of reported occurrence of lamproites near Ramadugu and Vattikodu areas were found to be localized at surrounding of the domal peripherals. Using this criterion eight potential lamproites zones were delineated(2,3,4,5,8,9,10,11 and 13) in the study region. The long normalized radial averaged power spectrum of the study area indicated that the depth to the granite gneiss basement is around 2 Km.The dyke configurations in the region was obtained via the inversion of magnetic profiles.
A FEMINIST STUDY OF THE VOICE OF DISSENT IN - WHERE SHALL WE GO THIS SUMMER?
Authors: Jha Richa
Published: May 2016

Women have long been silenced in history and literature.The female voice, for centuries, has largely gone unheard, unattended, or grossly misinterpreted across the world, so how could it be any different in literature, which in itself is the mirror of society? Feminism, a collection of movements and ideologies, that emerged in the 19th century sought to redefine this attitude. These movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic and social rights for women.
Incorporation of garlic extract as antifungal agent in psyllium based edible coating for mandarin
Authors: Rehman Hafeez Ur , Farooq Umar , Akram Kashif , Sidhu Asim Ijaz , Shafi Afshan , Sarfraz Farkhanda
Published: May 2016

In present Research work, the mathanolic extract of garlic was incorporated in locally developed Psyllium based edible coating for its application on mandarin. Different concentrations of the extract were used in the coating and quality of the fruit was monitored during storage at room temperature. The results indicated that there was least change (increase) in brix, weight loss, brix/acid ratio, pH and acidity of the fruit during storage studies.  The fungal contamination was effectively controlled due to incorporation of garlic extracts at a rate of 6-8%. On the basis of these results it was concluded that the garlic extracts can be used in psyllium based edible coating and it has antifungal significant antifungal potential but at relatively higher concentrations (>6%).
Safety assessment of street vended juices in Multan-Pakistan: A study on prevalence levels of trace elements
Authors: Akhtar Saeed , Ismail Tariq , Riaz Muhammad
Published: May 2016

Street vended juices are most commonly available, accessible and economical nutritional food sources of poor slums in developing economies like Pakistan. Study was undertaken to elucidate impact of industrialization, agro chemicals induction in agronomic practices and food processing hygiene measurements on food chain heavy metals intoxication. If overlooked, certain quality risks associated either with fresh produce or processed commodity might initiate food intoxication.In order to understand gravity of the issue, street vended freshly drawn juices extracted from the food crops (orange, sugarcane, carrot and mango) cultivated in Southern Punjab peri-urban areas and country sides were evaluated for microelements and heavy metals load in summer and winter 2012. The safety study of juices depicted higher concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) breaching international safety limits implemented in the country. However some microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn) were found below the prescribed maximum tolerant limits. The study concluded prevalence of higher concentration of some toxic heavy metals as a serious breach of threshold levels potentially compromising consumer’s safety.
Preparation and quality characterization of soy milk based non-dairy ice cream
Authors: Ahsan Samreen , Zahoor Tahir , Hussain Majid , Khalid Nazia , Khaliq Adnan , Umar Muhammad
Published: May 2016

Soy milk made from soybean has prospective to be used as a substitute of milk due to its health benefits. It is a rich source of iso-flavones, omega-3-fatty acid, dietary fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids, protein and oligosaccharides. The current study was designed to examine the effects of galacto-manan on ice cream by using commercially available (silk) and locally prepared soy milk. Galacto-mannan (guar gum) was used in different concentration (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6%) for the preparation of ice cream. Ice cream was analyzed for physico-chemical and sensory characteristics at 0, 30 and 60 days of storage interval. Overrun, meltdown, viscosity, total solids, pH and acidity were affected significantly by ice cream samples as well as storage. While non-significant effects of stabilizer and storage were found on fat, protein, and ash contents of ice cream. On organoleptic evaluation, the highest scores were awarded to the ice cream sample prepared with 0.5% of guar gum. Ice cream manufactured with locally prepared soy milk and guar gum revealed comparable quality with lower cost.
Yield responses of maize as influenced by supplemental foliar applied phosphorus under drought stress
Authors: Ahmad Zahoor , Waraich Ejaz Ahmad , Ahmad Tanveer , Ahmad Rashid , Awan Masood Iqbal
Published: May 2016

Drought is one of the most serious problems posing a grave threat to cereals production including maize. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar applied phosphorus @ 8 kg ha-1 at 8th leaf stage on yield and yield components of four maize hybrids i.e two drought tolerant (6525, 32B33) and two drought sensitive (Hycorn and 31P41) under normal and water stress conditions. RCBD with factorial arrangement were employed to lay out the experiment with a net plot size of 4.75 m x 5 m with three replication at research area of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. The foliar applied phosphorus @ 8 kg ha-1 at 8th leaf stage of maize significantly affect the yield and yield parameters in both drought tolerant and sensitive hybrids. The water stress decreased the 1000-grain weight (21.2%), grain yield (21.3%) and biological yield (22.4%) as compared to normal irrigation. The both drought tolerant hybrids of maize (6525 and 32B33) performed better than drought sensitive hybrids (Hycorn and 31P41) under normal and water stress conditions.
Cutaneous and Mixed Nerve Silent Period Recordings in Symptomatic Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia
Authors: Cogez Julien , Etard Olivier , Derache Nathalie , Defer Gilles
Published: May 2016

Objective:

The underlying neurophysiologic mechanism responsible for secondary paroxysmal kinesigenic
dyskinesia (PKD) is still unclear. Here, we study the pathogenesis of PKD in two patients with a
demyelinating lesion in the spinal cord.

Methods:

Electromyogram recordings from affected arms of
two patients with spinal cord lesions presenting PKD were compared with our laboratory standards.
The cutaneous silent period (CuSP), mixed nerve silent period (MnSP) and coincidence period (CiP), defined
as the common period between the CuSP and MnSP, were recorded.

Results:

A large decrease in the MnSP and disappearance
of the CiP were observed in our patients, which was secondary to simultaneous extinction of the third portion of the MnSP,
while the CuSP was normal. The MnSP and CiP were normal after recovery.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that the third portion
of the MnSP and the CuSP do not correspond to the same physiologic process.
These findings suggest that PKD patients have abnormal spinal interneuron integration.
Do Patients Look Up Their Therapists Online? An Exploratory Study Among Patients in Psychotherapy
Authors: Eichenberg Christiane , Sawyer Adam
Published: May 2016

Background

The use of the Internet as a source of health information is growing among people who experience mental health difficulties. The increase in Internet use has led to questions about online information-seeking behaviors, for example, how psychotherapists and patients use the Internet to ascertain information about each other. The notion of psychotherapists seeking information about their patients online (patient-targeted googling, PTG) has been identified and explored. However, the idea of patients searching for information online about their psychotherapists (therapist-targeted googling, TTG) and the associated motives and effects on the therapeutic relationship remain unclear.

Objective

This study investigated former and current German-speaking psychotherapy patients’ behavior and attitudes relating to TTG. In addition, patients’ methods of information gathering, motives, and success in searching for information were examined. Furthermore, patients’ experiences and perceptions of PTG were explored.

Methods

Overall, 238 former and current psychotherapy patients responded to a new questionnaire specifically designed to assess the frequency, motives, use, and outcomes of TTG as well as experiences and perceptions of PTG. The study sample was a nonrepresentative convenience sample recruited online via several German-speaking therapy platforms and self-help forums.

Results

Of the 238 former and current patients who responded, 106 (44.5%) had obtained information about their therapists; most of them (n=85, 80.2%) had used the Internet for this. Besides curiosity, motives behind information searches included the desire to get to know the therapist better by attempting to search for both professional and private information. TTG appeared to be associated with phases of therapy in which patients felt that progress was not being made. Patients being treated for personality disorders appear to engage more frequently in TTG (rphi = 0.21; P=.004). In general, however, information about therapists sought for online was often not found. Furthermore, most patients refrained from telling their therapist about their information searches.

Conclusions

Patients appear to engage in TTG to obtain both professional and private information about their psychotherapists. TTG can be viewed as a form of client-initiated disclosure. It is therefore important to include TTG as a subject in therapists' education and also to raise awareness within patient education. This investigation provides the first findings into TTG to begin debate on this subject.
Effects of regional limb perfusion volume on concentrations of amikacin sulfate in synovial and interstitial fluid samples from anesthetized horses
Authors: Godfrey Jennifer L. , Hardy Joanne , Cohen Noah D.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of volume of IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) on amikacin concentrations in synovial and interstitial fluid of horses.

ANIMALS 8 healthy adult horses.

PROCEDURES Each forelimb was randomly assigned to receive IVRLP with 4 mL of amikacin sulfate solution (250 mg/mL) plus 56 mL (total volume, 60 mL) or 6 mL (total volume, 10 mL) of lactated Ringer solution. Horses were anesthetized, and baseline synovial and interstitial fluid samples were collected. A tourniquet was placed, and the assigned treatment was administered via the lateral palmar digital vein. Venous blood pressure in the distal portion of the limb was recorded. Additional synovial fluid samples were collected 30 minutes (just before tourniquet removal) and 24 hours after IVRLP began; additional interstitial fluid samples were collected 6 and 24 hours after IVRLP began.

RESULTS 30 minutes after IVRLP began, mean amikacin concentration in synovial fluid was significantly greater for the large-volume (459 μg/mL) versus small-volume (70 μg/mL) treatment. Six hours after IVRLP, mean concentration in interstitial fluid was greater for the large-volume (723 μg/mL) versus small-volume (21 μg/mL) treatment. Peak venous blood pressure after large-volume IVRLP was significantly higher than after small-volume IVRLP, with no difference between treatments in time required for pressure to return to baseline.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Study findings suggested that large-volume IVRLP would deliver more amikacin to metacarpophalangeal joints of horses than would small-volume IVRLP, without a clinically relevant effect on local venous blood pressure, potentially increasing treatment efficacy.
Ultrasonographic appearance of the major duodenal papilla in dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease
Authors: Mortier Jeremy R. , Maddox Thomas W. , White Gillian M. , Blundell Richard J. , Monné Josep M. , Lillis Susannah M.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the ultrasonographic appearance of the major duodenal papilla (MDP) in dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease.

ANIMALS 40 adult client-owned dogs examined because of conditions that did not include hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease.

PROCEDURES Ultrasonographic examination of the MDP was performed. Each MDP was measured in 3 planes. Intraobserver reliability of measurements was determined, and associations between MDP dimensions and characteristics of the dogs were investigated. Histologic examination of longitudinal sections of the MDP was performed for 1 dog to compare the ultrasonographic and histologic appearance.

RESULTS The MDP appeared as a layered structure with a hyperechoic outer layer, hypoechoic middle layer, and hyperechoic inner layer that corresponded to the duodenal serosa, duodenal muscularis, and duodenal submucosa, respectively. Layers visible during ultrasonographic examinations were consistent with layers identified histologically. Intraobserver reliability was substantial for each plane of measurement. Mean ± SD length, width, and height of the MDP were 15.2 ± 3.5 mm, 6.3 ± 1.6 mm, and 4.3 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. An increase in body weight of dogs was significantly associated with increased values for all measurements.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ultrasonographic appearance and approximate dimensions of the MDP of dogs without evidence of hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or gastrointestinal tract disease were determined. Additional studies are needed to evaluate possible ultrasonographic lesions of the MDP in dogs with hepatobiliary, pancreatic, or intestinal diseases and to investigate clinical implications of these lesions with regard to diagnosis and prognosis.
Effect of disrupted mitochondria as a source of damage-associated molecular patterns on the production of tumor necrosis factor α by splenocytes from dogs
Authors: Friedenberg Steven G. , Strange Heather R. , Guillaumin Julien , VanGundy Zachary C. , Crouser Elliott D. , Papenfuss Tracey L.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) derived from disrupted mitochondria on canine splenocytes and other immune cells.

SAMPLES Liver, spleen, and bone marrow samples obtained from 8 cadavers of healthy research Beagles that had been euthanized for other purposes.

PROCEDURES Mitochondria were obtained from canine hepatocytes, and mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) were prepared. Mitochondrial DAMPs and the nuclear cytokine high-mobility group box protein 1 were applied to splenocytes, bone marrow–differentiated dendritic cells, and a canine myelomonocytic cell (DH82) line for 6 or 24 hours. Cell culture supernatants from splenocytes, dendritic cells, and DH82 cells were assayed for tumor necrosis factor α with an ELISA. Expression of tumor necrosis factor α mRNA in splenocytes was evaluated with a quantitative real-time PCR assay.

RESULTS In all cell populations evaluated, production of tumor necrosis factor α was consistently increased by mitochondrial DAMPs at 6 hours (as measured by an ELISA). In contrast, high-mobility group box protein 1 did not have any independent proinflammatory effects in this experimental system.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study revealed an in vitro inflammatory effect of mitochondrial DAMPs (containing approx 75% mitochondrial proteins) in canine cells and validated the use of an in vitro splenocyte model to assess DAMP-induced inflammation in dogs. This experimental system may aid in understanding the contribution of DAMPs to sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans. Further studies in dogs are needed to validate the biological importance of these findings and to evaluate the in vivo role of mitochondrial DAMPs in triggering and perpetuating systemic inflammatory states.
Pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after intraperitoneal administration to cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Benito Javier , Monteiro Beatriz P. , Beaudry Francis , Lavoie Anne-Marie , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Steagall Paulo V.
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine after IP administration to cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

ANIMALS 8 healthy cats.

PROCEDURES Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg, IV) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, SC) were administered. A 20-gauge catheter was inserted into a jugular vein for blood sample collection. A ventral midline incision was made, and a solution of 0.5% bupivacaine (2 mg/kg) diluted with an equal volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (final concentration, 0.25% bupivacaine) was injected into the peritoneal space over the right and left ovarian pedicles and caudal aspect of the uterus before ovariohysterectomy. Cats were monitored for signs of bupivacaine toxicosis. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were collected before (time 0) and 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after bupivacaine administration. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations were determined with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by data plotting followed by analysis with a noncompartmental model.

RESULTS No signs of bupivacaine toxicosis were observed. Maximum bupivacaine plasma concentration was 1,030 ± 497.5 ng/mL at a mean ± SD value of 30 ± 24 minutes after administration. Mean elimination half-life was 4.79 ± 2.7 hours. Mean clearance indexed by bioavailability and volume of distribution indexed by bioavailability were 0.35 ± 0.18 L•h/kg and 2.10 ± 0.84 L/kg, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine resulted in concentrations that did not cause observable toxicosis. Studies to investigate analgesic effects for this technique in cats are warranted.
Sulphation Rate in Chandrapur Industrial Cluster, Central India
Authors: Kamble R. K.
Published: May 2016

Sulphation rate in Chandrapur industrial cluster was carried out by using lead peroxide candle turbidimeteric method in December 2014-January 2015 (winter season). Sampling was carried out at four sampling locations; two sampling locations were in upwind direction whereas other two in downwind direction. Minimum sulphation rate in study area was 0.68 mg SO3/100 cm2/day at Tukum, whereas maximum at Ballarpur 1.41 mg SO3/100 cm2/day. Average sulphation rate in study area was 1.12±0.31 mg SO3/100 cm2/day. On comparison of sulphation rate at two road sides, it was observed that at Babupeath–which was adjacent to state highway–had sulphation rate 1.16 mg SO3/100 cm2/day whereas for Nakoda 1.23 mg SO3/100 cm2/day which was adjacent to local road. From the results it was evident that sulphation rate was more in upwind direction as compared with downwind direction may be due to presence of pulp and paper mill. Industrial activities in Chandrapur industrial cluster contributes significant sulphur emissions from pulp and paper mill, super thermal power station where coal is used, ore smelting, number of cement industries, emissions from diesel driven heavy and light motor vehicles along with domestic coal burning. As wind progresses from upwind to downwind direction sulphur concentration was reduced due to dilution, dispersion and transportation, which result into reduced sulphation rate in downwind direction.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, Mar-May 2016 Page :15-25
Impact of Nutrients on Distribution of Micrasterias Sp. In Hooghly Province, West Bengal, India
Authors: Halder Nilu
Published: May 2016

In the present paper morpho-taxonomic descriptions along with the illustrations of three infraspecific taxa of genus Micrasterias C. Ag. ex Ralfs, analysis of ecological parameters and correlation coefficients between nine limnological parameters as well as the relative abundances of the genus had been described. These three taxa are Micrasterias pinnatifida var. pinnatifida fa. pinnatifida (Kütz.) Ralfs, Micrasterias tropica Nordstedt var. crassa West & West and Micrasterias foliacea var. foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs belonging to the order Zygnematales under the class Chlorophyceae. All these taxa were distributed in ponds (inland water bodies) in Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. The results of analysis of physico-chemical parameters of the ponds water revealed that lower temperature and nutrient status in respect of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N): phosphate (PO43-): potassium (K); higher dissolved oxygen (DO) values and, slight alkaline water prompted their occurrences, growth and diversity. The above said infraspecific taxa are new taxonomic reports from West Bengal, India. The taxonomic study explored the present biodiversity of this genus while the ecological study showed a clear picture of ecological conditions and water quality of the studied water bodies.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016 Pages 36-47
Global Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emission in 2005: Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis and Implications for Policy
Authors: Krishnan T. S.
Published: May 2016

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis provides support for public policies that emphasize economic growth at the expense of environmental degradation. This hypothesis postulates an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation with plausible explanations. We contribute to the discussion on EKC hypothesis by focusing on anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (a greenhouse gas) during an extreme year. In the year 2005, concentration of anthropogenic CO2 became higher than the natural range observed over the last 650,000 years. Using econometric modeling of data from 122 countries for the year 2005, we study the key question: Does EKC hypothesis hold for anthropogenic CO2 emission after controlling for energy consumption and environmental governance? We do not find statistical support for EKC hypothesis. But, we find that improvements in environmental governance reduces CO2 emission. This suggests support for environmental policies that specifically promote CO2 emission reduction and does not emphasize economic growth at the expense of environmental degradation.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTVolume-5, Issue-2, March-May 2016, Page: 48-60
Increasing rice productivity by manipulation of calcium fertilizer in ustic Endoaquert
Authors: Zakaria Fauzan , Nurdin -
Published: May 2016

National rice production needs to be improved and maintained to meet the demands of fast growing population. One of the ways to meet this demand is through cultivating the rain fed land in many areas which its physical characteristics are challenging factor. This research aims at finding out the feedback of the rice production on the calcium fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sand, coco peat, and banana peat in ustic endoaquert. This research is implemented in rain fed field composed of vertisol soil in Sidomukti village of Mootilango Gorontalo, Indonesia. The subjects are randomly chosen and the treatments are separately implemented in two sub-group of vertisol soil. There are five treatments that were repeated three times, thus, there are 15 pieces of trials in each sub-vertisol groups. This research reveals that the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of river sand, beach sands, coco peat, and banana trunks fiber has significant effect on the number of grain, the weight of 1000 grains and the total weight of the grains. Meanwhile, the administration of K fertilizer following the administration of beach sand, coco peat and banana peat has significantly influenced the number of stalk, the length of stalk, and the total weight of the grains.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 15-26, April 2016
Reducing urea demand for rice crop through foliar application of urea in boro season
Authors: Manik Ibrahim Hossain , Abedin Md Anwarul , Rahman Md Rashedur , Chakrobarty Tusher , Jaman Sunain Bin , Noor Mahmud Al , Sultana Razia
Published: May 2016

This study was carried out with a view to evaluating the effect of foliar application of urea on BRRI dhan29. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with seven treatments (T1 : Full dose of prilled urea @ 140 Kg N ha-1) (control), T2 (50% prilled urea + 5 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray-1),T3 (70% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray-1), T4 (50% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 1.0% N solution @ 11 kg N spray-1), T5 (50% prilled urea + 5 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray-1 + 5 t ha-1 cow dung), T6 (70% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 0.5% N solution @ 5.5 kg N spray-1 + 5 t ha-1 cow dung) and T7 (50% prilled urea + 3 foliar spray @ 1.0% N solution @ 11 kg N spray-1 + 5 t ha-1 cow dung) and three replications. Soil and foliar application of nitrogen significantly influenced the growth and yield contributing characters like plant height, panicle length, and effective tillers hill-1 as well as the grain and straw yields of the crop. The treatment T5 produced the highest grain yield (6.68 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to yield from T7, T6. Treatment T2,T3 and T4 gave similar yield. The grain yields of these treatments were higher than those of T1 treatment (soil application of urea only). The T5 also produced the highest straw yield of the crop. The lowest grain yield of 4.72 t ha-1 and the lowest straw yield of 5.17 t ha-1 were recorded with T1 (control).Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 79-85, April 2016
Exploration of physico-chemical parameters and ionic constituents from groundwater used in irrigation of Tangail district, Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Elina , Mia Md Younus , Meghla Nowara Tamanna
Published: May 2016

The study was conducted for exploration of physico-chemical parameters and ionic constituents of groundwater used in irrigation of four upazilas namely Tangail Sadar, Kalihati, Delduar and Nagarpur upazila of Tangail district during the months of March, April and May of 2015. The physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC and TDS), ionic constituents (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3-, PO43- and SO42-) and trace metal (Fe and Mn) were analyzed to assess the quality of irrigation in relation to soil properties and crop growth. The pH of groundwater indicates slightly alkaline in nature. As regards to EC the groundwater was in good class and medium salinity hazards in quality for irrigation and the concentration of TDS indicates water as fresh water. The concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3-, PO43- and SO42- of groundwater were recorded within the permissible limit for irrigation and these ions might not create hazardous impact on soil ecosystem for growing crops. The trace amount of Fe and Mn was detected in irrigation water. In the study area, the groundwater was within the recommended limit and would not create problem for irrigation and that have not long term effects on irrigating agricultural crops which could be safely used for irrigation purposes.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 115-119, April 2016
Combined use of dietary probiotic and acidifier for the production of antibiotic free broiler
Authors: Masud Abdullah Al , Ali Md Shawkat , Ahammad Muslah Uddin
Published: May 2016

The effect of feeding probiotic (Bio-Top; Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis), acidifier (Sal-Stop), antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) or probiotic plus acidifier was investigated in commercial broiler. A total of four hundred Cobb 500 day-old straight run chicks were randomly distributed to 5 different dietary groups having 4 replications each. The number of birds in each replication was 20. The five dietary groups were as control (basal diet; BD), BD containing AGP at a level of 20g/100kg, BD containing probiotic at a level of 200g/100kg, BD containing acidifier at a level of 200g/100kg; and BD containing an equal amount of probiotic plus acidifier (200g/100kg). Broilers that received either probiotic, acidifier or a mixture of probiotic and acidifier (1:1) exhibited higher body weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and higher costeffectiveness compared with the broilers fed on control diet (P<0.05). However, feeding of diet containing both probiotic and acidifier resulted in the highest growth rate and net profit in all dietary regimens. Broilers fed on probiotic and acidifier in a mixture had FCR similar to other treatment groups. This study indicated that the diet containing probiotic-acidifier mixture seems to be more cost-effective in promoting growth performance of broilers, as an alternative to the AGP, as compared to the use of probiotic or acidifier alone in the dietRes. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 127-137, April 2016
Effect of replacement corn by brown rice on performance of chicken production in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Mai Thanh , Tran Van Thanh , Nguyen My Thi Thuy , Cao Van , Nguyen Tuan Ngoc Minh
Published: May 2016

Rice is a major staple food in Vietnam in which brown rice has been recognized as a potential feedstuff for poultry but data on nutritional value of this feed are lacking. In this study the using of brown rice as replacement of corn in chicken diet was evaluated. The body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded. In total, 192 day old chicks of country breed (Ri lai) were used in this study. Chickens were divided into four groups and reared at same conditions for 12 weeks. The first group as the control group fed on 100% corn, second group fed on 75% corn and 25% brown rice, third group fed on 50% corn and 50% brown rice and the last group fed on 25% corn and 75% brown rice. The average body weight of chickens among all the treatments was 1.7 kg per bird which was not significantly different (P=0.44). The total feed intake of chickens (4-5 kg) was recorded without significant difference (P=0.23), however the feed conversion ratio were significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments. This study considered as the first report that demonstrates the usefulness of brown rice as a potential alternative of corn for chicken diet in rural areas in Vietnam, especially on the prevailing conditions such as during high price spell of corn.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 139-144, April 2016
Present status of naturally occurring seaweed flora and their utilization in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarkar Md Shirajul Islam , Kamal Md , Hasan Muhammad Mehedi , Hossain Md Ismail
Published: May 2016

A survey was conducted to know the present status of naturally occurring seaweed flora and their utilization in Bangladesh by interviews of scientific officers of MFTS (Marine Fisheries and Technology Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Coxs Bazar), NGO officials associated with seaweed research project, local seaweed food products manufacturer, seaweed collectors and Mog or Rakhyine tribal community of Coxs Bazar and St. Martin Island. Lack of knowledge on availability, distribution, seasonal variation, utilization status is causing impediment on utilization (e.g. seaweeds as human food, hydrocolloids, animal feed, fertilizer, cosmetic products, etc.) of available seaweeds naturally occurring in Bangladesh. Seaweeds are available along the whole Bangladeshi coast, mostly in St. Martin Island, Coxs Bazar and Sundarbans Mangrove forest. Total 193seaweed species including 19 commercially important species, belonging to 94 genera are found. Approximately, 5,000 metric ton of seaweed biomass is available. Due to seasonal variation in water quality parameters, generally seaweeds are available from October to April, but highest abundance occurs from January to March. Seaweed salad and sauce has been utilizing by Mog people as food. About 400 seaweed collectors at St. Martin Island annually harvested 6-9 metric tons of wet seaweeds (Hypnea spp.) for smuggling to Myanmar. Different value added food, functional food and personal care products have prepared by Govt. institution, NGO and in private sector. Considering the economic importance and potentials of seaweeds, for effective and environmentally sustainable utilization, special concern is required by both government and private organizations.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 203-216, April 2016
Robust Hessian Locally Linear Embedding Techniques for High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Xing Xianglei , Du Sidan , Wang Kejun
Published: May 2016

Recently manifold learning has received extensive interest in the community of pattern recognition. Despite their appealing properties, most manifold learning algorithms are not robust in practical applications. In this paper, we address this problem in the context of the Hessian locally linear embedding (HLLE) algorithm and propose a more robust method, called RHLLE, which aims to be robust against both outliers and noise in the data. Specifically, we first propose a fast outlier detection method for high-dimensional datasets. Then, we employ a local smoothing method to reduce noise. Furthermore, we reformulate the original HLLE algorithm by using the truncation function from differentiable manifolds. In the reformulated framework, we explicitly introduce a weighted global functional to further reduce the undesirable effect of outliers and noise on the embedding result. Experiments on synthetic as well as real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Involvement of Secondary Metabolites in Response to Drought Stress of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Quan Nguyen , Anh La , Khang Do , Tuyen Phung , Toan Nguyen , Minh Truong , Minh Luong , Bach Do , Ha Pham , Elzaawely Abdelnaser , Khanh Tran , Trung Khuat , Xuan Tran
Published: May 2016

In this study, responses of rice under drought stress correlating with changes in chemical compositions were examined. Among 20 studied rice cultivars, Q8 was the most tolerant, whereas Q2 was the most susceptible to drought. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activities, and their accumulation in water deficit conditions were proportional to drought resistance levels of rice. In detail, total phenols and total flavonoids in Q8 (65.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 37.8 mg rutin equivalent (RE) were significantly higher than Q2 (33.9 mg GAE/g and 27.4 mg RE/g, respectively) in both control and drought stress groups. Similarly, the antioxidant activities including DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and lipid peroxidation inhibition in Q8 were also higher than in Q2, and markedly increased in drought stress. In general, contents of individual phenolic acids in Q8 were higher than Q2, and they were significantly increased in drought stress to much greater extents than in Q2. However, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was found uniquely in Q8 cultivars. In addition, only vanillic acid was found in water deficit stress in both drought resistant and susceptible rice, suggesting that this phenolic acid, together with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, may play a key role in drought-tolerance mechanisms of rice. The use of vanillic acid and p-hyroxybenzoic acid, and their derivatives, may be useful to protect rice production against water shortage stress.
Prior Binge Ethanol Exposure Potentiates the Microglial Response in a Model of Alcohol-Induced Neurodegeneration
Authors: Marshall Simon , Geil Chelsea , Nixon Kimberly
Published: May 2016

Excessive alcohol consumption results in neurodegeneration which some hypothesize is caused by neuroinflammation. One characteristic of neuroinflammation is microglial activation, but it is now well accepted that microglial activation may be pro- or anti-inflammatory. Recent work indicates that the Majchrowicz model of alcohol-induced neurodegeneration results in anti-inflammatory microglia, while intermittent exposure models with lower doses and blood alcohol levels produce microglia with a pro-inflammatory phenotype. To determine the effect of a repeated binge alcohol exposure, rats received two cycles of the four-day Majchrowicz model. One hemisphere was then used to assess microglia via immunohistochemistry and while the other was used for ELISAs of cytokines and growth factors. A single binge ethanol exposure resulted in low-level of microglial activation; however, a second binge potentiated the microglial response. Specifically, double binge rats had greater OX-42 immunoreactivity, increased ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1+) cells, and upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) compared with the single binge ethanol group. These data indicate that prior ethanol exposure potentiates a subsequent microglia response, which suggests that the initial exposure to alcohol primes microglia. In summary, repeated ethanol exposure, independent of other immune modulatory events, potentiates microglial activity.
Torque Ripple Reduction of a Novel Modular Arc-Linear Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Motor with Rotor Step Skewing
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Gu Zhongxin , Zhao Jing
Published: May 2016

A novel modular arc-linear flux-switching permanent-magnet motor (MAL-FSPM) used for scanning system instead of reduction gearboxes and kinematic mechanisms is proposed and researched in this paper by the finite element method (FEM). The MAL-FSPM combines characteristics of flux-switching permanent-magnet motor and linear motor and can realize the direct driving and limited angular movement. Structure and operation principle of the MAL-FSPM are analyzed. Cogging torque model of the MAL-FSPM is established. The characteristics of cogging torque and torque ripple are investigated for: (1) distance (dend) between left end of rotor and left end of stator is more than two rotor tooth pitch (τp); and (2) dend is less than two rotor tooth pitch. Cogging torque is an important component of torque ripple and the period ratio of the cogging torque to the back electromotive force (EMF) equals one for the MAL-FSPM before optimization. In order to reduce the torque ripple as much as possible and affect the back EMF as little as possible, influence of period ratio of cogging torque to back EMF on rotor step skewing is investigated. Rotor tooth width and stator slot open width are optimized to increase the period ratio of cogging torque to back EMF. After the optimization, torque ripple is decreased by 79.8% for dend > τp and torque ripple is decreased by 49.7% for dend < τp. Finally, 3D FEM model is established to verify the 2D results.
Metabolic Fingerprinting to Assess the Impact of Salinity on Carotenoid Content in Developing Tomato Fruits
Authors: Van Meulebroek Lieven , Hanssens Jochen , Steppe Kathy , Vanhaecke Lynn
Published: May 2016

As the presence of health-promoting substances has become a significant aspect of tomato fruit appreciation, this study investigated nutrient solution salinity as a tool to enhance carotenoid accumulation in cherry tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Juanita). Hereby, a key objective was to uncover the underlying mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism, moving away from typical black box research strategies. To this end, a greenhouse experiment with five salinity treatments (ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 decisiemens (dS) m−1) was carried out and a metabolomic fingerprinting approach was applied to obtain valuable insights on the complicated interactions between salinity treatments, environmental conditions, and the plant’s genetic background. Hereby, several hundreds of metabolites were attributed a role in the plant’s salinity response (at the fruit level), whereby the overall impact turned out to be highly depending on the developmental stage. In addition, 46 of these metabolites embraced a dual significance as they were ascribed a prominent role in carotenoid metabolism as well. Based on the specific mediating actions of the retained metabolites, it could be determined that altered salinity had only marginal potential to enhance carotenoid accumulation in the concerned tomato fruit cultivar. This study invigorates the usefulness of metabolomics in modern agriculture, for instance in modeling tomato fruit quality. Moreover, the metabolome changes that were caused by the different salinity levels may enclose valuable information towards other salinity-related plant processes as well.
Inhibition of Cariogenic Plaque Formation on Root Surface with Polydopamine-Induced-Polyethylene Glycol Coating
Authors: Mei May , Li Quan-Li , Chu Chun
Published: May 2016

Root caries prevention has been a challenge for clinicians due to its special anatomical location, which favors the accumulation of dental plaque. Researchers are looking for anti-biofouling material to inhibit bacterial growth on exposed root surfaces. This study aimed to develop polydopamine-induced-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to study its anti-biofouling effect against a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on the root dentine surface. Hydroxyapatite disks and human dentine blocks were divided into four groups for experiments. They received polydopamine-induced-PEG, PEG, polydopamine, or water application. Contact angle, quartz crystal microbalance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the wetting property, surface affinity, and an infrared spectrum; the results indicated that PEG was induced by polydopamine onto a hydroxyapatite disk. Salivary mucin absorption on hydroxyapatite disks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was confirmed using spectrophotometry. The growth of a multi-species cariogenic biofilm on dentine blocks with polydopamine-induced-PEG was assessed and monitored by colony-forming units, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that dentine with polydopamine-induced-PEG had fewer bacteria than other groups. In conclusion, a novel polydopamine-induced-PEG coating was developed. Its anti-biofouling effect inhibited salivary mucin absorption and cariogenic biofilm formation on dentine surface and thus may be used for the prevention of root dentine caries.