bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Business Formalization to Strengthen the Commercial Negotiation of Independent Waste Recyclers
Authors: Pérez-Arboleda Pedro Antonio , Contreras-Julián Rosa Mabel , Mendoza-Banda Tania Yasely , Chanamé-Díaz Gino , Lujan Johnson Gladys Lola , Aparicio-Ballena Jorge Alberto
Published: November 2024

In Latin America, cities are experiencing serious environmental problems due to rapid growth that exceeds their capacity for governance. At this juncture, the independent informal recycler is the workforce dedicated to the collection of recyclable inorganic solid waste that contributes to the effectiveness of municipal management. Thus, the objective was to determine the influence of business formalization and commercial negotiation from the perspective of these people. It was a basic, non-experimental, quantitative, causal correlational study. Three hundred waste pickers were surveyed using two validated and reliable questionnaires. The data was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. It was determined that business formalization had a significant influence on commercial negotiation; however, there are aspects related to productivity and the application/compliance with legality that should be analyzed from a governmental management perspective, in order to provide better conditions to guarantee the sustainability of this activity within the communes. The role of municipal managers should be oriented on two main fronts: technical-legal and strategic management with a sustainable vision within the framework of the state modernization plan and the need to maintain the ecological balance that will sustain human survival in the future.
Critical Analysis of Universal Issues in Healthcare and Beyond
Authors: Aldaghman Adel Eidah Saeed , Doghman Ibraheem Edah Saeed Al , Doghman Ahmed Edah Saeed Al , Yami Hamad Manssor Mohammed Al , Ghobari Rahmah Mubarak Mabrook Al , Alsaad Khmais Omran Khmais , Yami Namah Saleh Abdulah Al , Alshareef Hamad Saud Hamad
Published: November 2024

The healthcare system should aim to offer all accessible, equitable, and optimal medical care to clients, in return is confronted with a plethora of common global threats that hinder the offer of healthcare by affecting the healthcare system's access, equity, and quality. This paper provides an exploration of prominent topics in global health systems, including demand disparities, the influence of pandemics, resource distribution, and policy/health system problems. This paper will review the literature, analyze the problems, and then outline recommendations for these issues. By examining these global concerns, the study seeks to facilitate improvements in existing healthcare practices, government policies, and technology development to improve the future, providing approaches to meet needs effectively.
Critical Analysis of Nursing Roles in An Evolving Healthcare Landscape
Authors: Alshammari Ayed Radhi Nazzal , Alshammari Khlood Hussain Hezab , Alshammari Fahad hamoud mohammad , Alshammari Abdulrahman dahimish , Alshammary Ffaisal Radhi Nazal , Alshammari Awad Hamoud Dhahawi , Alshammari Hazzaa Matar , Alshammari Manal Binyah , Alshammari Abeer Binyah Thayid , Alshammari Ohud Binyah Thayid
Published: November 2024

The status of nurses working in healthcare facilities has transformed in terms of the relevance of their work to emerging healthcare systems. Taken within the context of a transforming healthcare system, this paper aims to critically discuss the shifts in nursing roles. Challenges like technology, chronic diseases, policy changes, and patient-focused care greatly influence nursing practice today. This paper aims to discuss the effects of the changes on the nursing profession and the competencies that define practice. The paper compares the current literature on this topic and identifies areas that require further training and support for nurses due to emergent demands. Furthermore, the paper provides guidelines on how to improve nurses' roles in healthcare delivery systems to guarantee their proper contribution to the delivery of care and the improvement of patient's health.
Critical Analysis of The Interplay Between Nursing and Optical Sciences
Authors: Alotaibi Majed Mhaya , ALSHEHRI ADIL SAEED , Al Muammar Hussein Saleh , Hazazi Yousef Mohammed , Shajiri Mohammed Mohatlem , Mashyakhi Adel dhufuallah , Murayr Abdulleh Ahmed Hamd , Muhajeb Majed Naser Ali
Published: November 2024

The combination of nursing and optical science is a relatively new field that is not well-researched. With the shift in population age and the importance of the whole-person approach to health, the role of ophthalmic care for patients' general health is gradually becoming more noticeable. This paper aims to critically discuss the relations between nursing and optical sciences concerning the influence of optical health on the effects on nursing and patients and to define the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of nursing practice concerning the opportunities for optical sciences integration. This paper presents a literature review of the current knowledge in the field, along with the problems and challenges that can be analyzed, and develops an action plan for further research studies and practice advancements. Thus, this paper aims to advance the current understanding of interdisciplinary practice in healthcare and its relevance to enhanced patient care.
Post-Quantum Cryptography: Designing Secure Cryptographic Systems to Withstand the Threat of Quantum Computing Attacks
Authors: Uçar Eren Danyel
Published: November 2024

The emergence of quantum computing poses a serious threat to traditional communication systems, endangering the security of digital communications and critical infrastructure. Although existing cryptographic algorithms (such as RSA and ECC) rely on the inefficiency of computing large numbers or solving logarithm inequality problems, quantum algorithms (especially Shor's algorithm) can solve these problems efficiently. To mitigate this threat, the field of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) has emerged and focuses on developing cryptographic systems that are resilient to quantum attacks. The main techniques in PQC include lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptography. Lattice-based cryptography is the leading contender, providing high security and supporting good properties such as fully homomorphic encryption, but facing issues related to size and computational efficiency. Hash-based encryption enables strong digital signatures but has limitations. Code-based encryption based on error-correcting codes provides proof of security but requires small size. Multivariate polynomial cryptography has good performance but has drawbacks in some applications. While standardization efforts led by organizations such as NIST continue, PQC is at the forefront of protecting the digital future from the impact of quantum computing, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of information in the post-quantum era.
The Impact of Our Values System on Values Education
Authors: Ustabaşı Kayra Naz
Published: November 2024

In an education system where passing exams takes precedence, we are raising a generation that loses itself in test books and remains unaware of values unless they encounter them in a reading comprehension question. Therefore, it is seen as a significant necessity to take measures that enable the education system to achieve its aims of cultivating good and effective individuals. Through this study, we sought to answer the question: Can we help students understand the importance of values education, encourage them to conduct research, and involve them in preparing various activities related to our values? Accordingly, we designed a task system aimed at increasing students’ awareness, helping them learn and internalize values, share them with each other, and develop a sense of responsibility and duty. This system, incorporating elements such as chance, fun, activities, encouragement for research, and creative writing, requires students to prepare diverse activities on topics related to values education. Additionally, students will learn about artists and statesmen who have contributed to our values at both national and international levels, as well as research the importance placed on these values in various cities and countries and the efforts made to instill them in society. The study aims to gain in-depth knowledge about the tasks undertaken, activities performed, and their contribution to values education through qualitative research. A detailed analysis was conducted, and the situation was evaluated in detail using observation and interview forms prepared in line with the research problems. The study was carried out with 15 eighth-grade students from a school in Antalya with similar social and economic conditions. Students’ names were coded as A1, A2, A3, etc. Through this system, students prepared numerous activities and conducted research on values, and their presentations were shared on bulletin boards. The involvement of students in the process demonstrated the system’s applicability.
EXPLORING THE ECONOMIC AND MONETARY IMPLICATIONS OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES IN INDIA
Authors:   Zakir Husain Delhi College (Evening), University of Delhi, Bharti Urmila
Published: November 2024

Advanced technology inventions have changed the working style of industries across the globe. The implementation of digitisation policy by GOI has put the economy at the cusp of transmitting to the advanced phase of financial system. The notable increase in fintech companies played a crucial role in streamlining banking services and to provide the personalised banking services accordingly. These fintech companies leverage technologies like machine learning, data analytics, blockchain and artificial intelligence. These modern technologies disrupted the traditional banking methods and help banking industry to provide democratic and innovative solutions to their customers in wealth management, insurance etc. In this journey, a lot of new and advanced payment modes are developed. The strongest feather has been added to this payment system by central banks in the form of Central bank Digital Currencies. CBDCs no doubt has the strength and potential to revolutionise the Indian financial system and extend across the existing borders. It can provide seamless benefits in the global trade and have remarkable impression on real world. The only thing required is to balance it with the conducive governance that guarantees the facilities to all. CBDC is considered as a logical and effective step in the transformation of an economy. However, a country needs to scrutinize, adopt and analysed effectively before adventuring in the territory of unexplored digital currencies. In this context, this paper provides a detailed explanation of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and differentiate it from other digital cryptocurrencies, examining the benefits and potential challenges they present. The study discussed the broader implications of adopting CBDC for monetary policy and financial stability and how they can be strategically deployed to create a more inclusive and environmentally conscious financial system. As we move towards a digital and sustainable future, CBDCs could be the key to unlocking new pathways for economic growth that are both equitable and sustainable.
USING POWER MANAGEMENT AND DELAY MECHANISM IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BY REDUCING FOUR WAVE MIXING
Authors:   Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Kumar Anil Kumar , Rana Jasvir Singh ,   Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Singh Mahipal ,   Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Sharma Kamna ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Verma . Pratibha ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ahamad Mohd ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of four-wave mixing (FWM) on the performance of single-mode fibers (SMF). Using Optsim simulation software, a dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) was implemented with varying dispersion and pulse intervals to analyze FWM behavior. The results show improved performance when power management techniques and time-domain delays are applied. The system's performance was evaluated using Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) metrics. "The system's performance was evaluated using Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) metrics."
Análise dos desfechos da fisioterapia no tratamento da dor lombar em comparação ao uso de opioides: uma revisão sistemática de estudos de coorte retrospectivos
Authors: Oda Guedes Larissa , Podlasinski da Silva Yasmin , Pinto Farias Michele , Furlanetto Magda Patrícia
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A dor lombar (DL) é uma limitação funcional e a principal causa de incapacidade em diversos países do mundo. Por se tratar de um problema global que afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, diversas formas de tratamento vêm sendo estudadas, entre elas, a fisioterapia e os analgésicos opioides. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura dos últimos dez anos na busca de analisar os desfechos da eficácia da fisioterapia resultando na desprescrição de opioides e diminuição de custos de saúde em pacientes com DL. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de estudos de coorte retrospectivos que analisaram a eficácia do tratamento fisioterapêutico e consequente diminuição da prescrição de opioides, em artigos científicos publicados em revistas digitais entre os anos 2012 a 2022, nas bases de dados PubMed, BVS, SciELO e PEDro. Resultados: Para pessoas com DL, todos os estudos relataram que o manejo com fisioterapia precoce foi associado a uma diminuição do quadro álgico e na prescrição de opioides. Conclusão: Os estudos avaliados nesta revisão sugerem que a fisioterapia promove melhorias na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DL, principalmente quando realizada precocemente. Ademais, essa terapia permite diminuição no custo dos serviços de saúde por diminuir a prescrição de opióides utilizados na analgesia da DL.

Palavras-chave: Analgésicos opioides; custos de cuidados de saúde; dor lombar; serviços de fisioterapia.
Taxa de descontinuação de ventilação mecânica em pacientes com COVID-19: um estudo observacional multicêntrico
Authors: de Lima Oppelt Lorena , Santana Pinto Stephanie , Bandeira Gonçalves Tauana , Duquia da Silva Victoria , Benigno Biana Camilla , Bueno Orcy Rafael
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A forma grave da COVID-19 apresenta-se com quadro inflamatório grave e falência respiratória de difíceis resolução, compatíveis com a Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória Aguda – SARA. Tal condição exige uso de ventilação mecânica (VM) e, frequentemente, cursa com difícil desmame. Objetivo: Determinar a taxa de descontinuação da ventilação mecânica de pacientes com COVID-19 tratados em unidades de terapia intensiva de três hospitais do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foram examinados prontuários de 270 pacientes com COVID-19 para coletar informações sobre datas e parâmetros de VM, bem como dados de saúde prévia à internação. Calcularam-se tempo de permanência em UTI e em VM, mortalidade em UTI, uso de pressão expiratória positiva no final da expiração (PEEP) ≥ 10CmH2O, posicionamento em prona e realização de hemodiálise. Resultados: Foram encontrados dados de 258 pacientes, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (56,20%), média de idade de 62,31 ± 14,51 anos. As internações duraram em média 13,3 ± 10,12 dias e a VM foi mantida por, em média, 11,28 ± 8,91 dias. A taxa de mortalidade encontrada foi de 84,11% e 16,28% tiveram a descontinuação de VM bem-sucedida. Conclusão: Após a instituição de suporte ventilatório invasivo, pequena parte dos pacientes com COVID-19 sobrevive sem suporte pressórico e a taxa de mortalidade é alta.

Palavras-chave: Ventilação mecânica; extubação; unidades de terapia intensiva; COVID-19; serviço hospitalar de fisioterapia.
Correlação entre o pico de torque do dinamômetro isocinético (DI) com o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) em indivíduos com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular
Authors: Santiago Floriano Rafael , Passos de Souza Cristiane , Silva Reis Michel
Published: November 2024

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) podem ser desencadeadas por fatores de risco. Estes fatores de risco podem diminuir a força muscular, a capacidade funcional e precipitar o processo de fadiga. Avaliar a força desses músculos parece interessante para entender mais sobre este processo de fadiga muscular. Objetivo: Correlacionou-se as variáveis obtidas pelo dinamometro isocinetico (DI) com o consumo de oxigênio pico do TECP. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 21 indivíduos de ambos os sexos (08 homens e 13 mulheres), com idade média de 50,01±4,5 anos; IMC médio de 32,45±5,9; que realizaram o teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (TECP) incremental no cicloergômetro sintoma limitado ou até a perda da cadência. Realizaram a avaliação da musculatura de coxa bilateral na velocidade angular de 60°/s, 120°/s e 240°/s no modo isométrico e concêntrico/concêntrico através do DI no Biodex®. Resultados: Os valores de VO2pico (13,0±1,5 mL/kg/min) não tiveram correlação estatisticamente significativa com o pico de torque para extensão de joelho direito (r=0,37; p=0,09) e extensão de joelho esquerdo (r=0,21; p=0,37); entretanto houve uma correlação moderada e significativa entre o VO2 e o pico de torque para flexão do joelho direito (r=0,60; p=0,003) e também entre o VO2 e o pico de torque para flexão do joelho esquerdo (r=0,46; p=0,03). Conclusão: Houve correlação entre o VO2 e o pico de torque para flexão do joelho direito e flexão de joleho esquerdo.

Palavras-chave: Dinamômetro de força muscular; consumo de oxigênio; fatores de risco.
Improving Productivity and Sustainability of Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems Using Oxygen and Ozone Fine Bubble Technologies
Authors: Kai Xu  , Xinji Mo  , Xiaoyue Xu  , Hongxia Wu
Published: November 2024

High-density aquaculture and hydroponic systems are essential for sustainable food production, yet they often face persistent challenges in maintaining dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, controlling microbial activity, and optimizing nutrient cycling. This study investigates the integration of oxygen and ozone fine bubble systems as a solution to these issues, with a focus on their effects on system performance and productivity. Over a 12-week experimental period, DO levels, nutrient availability, and biological outcomes were monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results showed that the combined oxygen and ozone fine bubble system increased fish growth rates by 52.8% and survival rates by 11.6%, while enhancing plant yield by 37.4% compared to the control group. Strong positive correlations were observed between DO levels and both fish growth (r = 0.96r = 0.96r = 0.96) and plant yield (r = 0.91r = 0.91r = 0.91), highlighting the critical role of oxygenation. Time-series data revealed stable improvements in DO levels and nutrient availability in the fine bubble system, with significant reductions in ammonia accumulation. These findings underscore the importance of precise oxygenation and microbial control in high-density systems. This study provides robust evidence for the practical application of fine bubble technologies in improving both ecological sustainability and economic efficiency. By addressing key limitations in current aquaculture and hydroponic systems, the research offers a pathway for scaling these technologies to meet the demands of modern food production.
Therapeutic Potential of Melittin-Loaded Liposomes in Ameliorating DSS-Induced Colitis: An Experimental Evaluation in a Rat Model
Authors: Dawoud Areej , Gaafar Sara F.
Published: November 2024

With few treatment choices and serious side effects, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal tract. With an emphasis on their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory qualities, this work sought to assess the therapeutic potential of melittin-loaded liposomes in reducing DSS (Dextran Sodium Sulfate)-induced colitis in a rat model. Encapsulating melittin, a strong anti-inflammatory peptide extracted from bee venom, in liposomal nanocarriers improved its therapeutic efficacy while lowering toxicity. Solvent injection was used to create melittin-loaded liposomes, which produced liposomes with the ideal zeta potential, stability, and particle size. Oral gavage was the method of therapy employed to simulate DSS-induced colitis in male Wistar albino rats. The rats were split up into three groups: one for DSS-induced colitis, one for control, and one for melittin-loaded liposomes at different concentrations. Changes in body weight, the disease activity index, and a histological analysis of colonic tissues were used to measure the effectiveness of the treatment. Serum and colonic tissues were used to evaluate inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde, MDA, and glutathione, GSH). In order to gauge the degree of inflammation and neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also measured. Melittin-loaded liposomes were found to dramatically lessen the severity of colitis, as indicated by favorable histological alterations, improved body weight, and a decreased disease activity index. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased after treatment with melittin-loaded liposomes, while levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were raised. These results imply that melittin-loaded liposomes, which have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties while being less toxic, may represent a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD. To investigate how this method can be used in a therapeutic setting, more research is necessary.
Investigating the Effects of Lithium and AKT Inhibitors on Insulin Resistance in a Rat Model
Authors: Dawoud Areej , EL-Harbi Ahd Adel
Published: November 2024

Insulin resistance, a fundamental aspect of metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity, is defined by compromised insulin signaling and glucose absorption. This study sought to examine the impact of lithium, Protein Kinase B (PKB) or AKT inhibitors, and their combination on insulin resistance in a rat model generated by a high-fat diet (HFD). Fifty male albino rats were categorized into five groups: a control group, a high-fat diet (HFD) group, and three HFD treatment groups administered lithium, AKT inhibitors, or a combination thereof. Over a four-week period, we evaluated fasting insulin, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, liver function markers (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)), triglycerides (TG), inflammatory markers (Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α)), oxidative stress parameters (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT)), and gene expression associated with insulin signaling (insulin receptor (IR), Akt, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT 4)). The findings indicated that both lithium and AKT inhibitors markedly enhanced metabolic, hepatic function, and inflammatory indicators. The AKT inhibitor alone was most efficacious in diminishing lipid peroxidation and inflammation, but the combined therapy offered the most comprehensive antioxidant protection. The data indicate that lithium and AKT inhibitors, either individually or in conjunction, may have therapeutic functions in the treatment of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases.
Legal Basis for the Protection of the Environment from Waste Pollution in Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Lisina Natalia , Belkov Anton , Sedina Natalia , Ivanova Svetlana
Published: November 2024

Solid waste management is an important issue that concerns everyone. If waste is not collected properly and disposed of in an uncontrolled manner, it can lead to air, water and soil pollution, which threatens our health. It is established that over the course of a generation, the volume of municipal waste will increase by two thirds, and the cost of recycling will almost double. People in less developed countries, especially in poor urban areas of such countries, experience most serious negative impact from waste that is not collected and cleaned properly. Accompanied by the recycling cost growth, the global trend of increasing the volume of municipal waste requires the adoption of a set of measures aimed at introducing a closed-loop economic model in which waste generation and economic development are not linked. Governments, communities, and industrial enterprises are increasingly recognizing the potential of initiatives to create waste-free industries, increase waste management efficiency, and improve regeneration systems. The purpose of work was to assess degree of elaboration of legal measures for organization of solid waste management in different countries. The article examines the current state of the legal foundations of the waste management system in urban agglomerations of Russia and globally. Improving the collection, recycling and other forms of rational waste management remains an important, high-priority task. It is established that the improvement of legal regulation will create opportunities for the implementation of the "zero waste" approach, while improving the management of the waste sector in order to prevent significant environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and negative effects on human health.
Cultural Diversity and Its Impact on Workplace Collaboration and Innovation
Authors: Ahmed Raza Khan  , Saira Malik  , Hina Ali
Published: November 2024

This article explores how cultural diversity within teams impacts collaboration and innovation in multinational organizations. Using case studies from various industries, the study examines both the advantages and challenges presented by diverse work environments, focusing on communication barriers, problem-solving abilities, and enhanced creativity. Findings show that while cultural diversity can foster innovation and creativity, successful collaboration relies on effective communication strategies and an inclusive work culture.
The Influence of Media on Public Perception of Migration Issues: A Content Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Ismail  , Fatima Hassan  , Laila Mohamed
Published: November 2024

This article investigates how media coverage shapes public perception of migration issues, analyzing news reports, editorials, and social media content. By focusing on themes of security, economy, and humanitarian concerns, the study evaluates the role of media in influencing opinions and policy debates on migration. Findings indicate that media framing can significantly sway public attitudes, highlighting the need for balanced reporting.
El aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida y la ética de principios
Authors: Morúa Álvarez Gladys Angélica
Published: November 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo exponer cómo el aprendizaje permanente cumple con los cuatro principios bioéticos de Beauchamp y Childress (1983): beneficencia, no maleficencia, autonomía y justicia. En primera instancia, el aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida –como también se le conoce- favorece al individuo y a la sociedad a la que pertenece, no inflige perjuicio a sus miembros, busca que las personas logren la independencia distanciados de la ignorancia y considera que las oportunidades de aprendizaje deben ser para la población universal. De la misma manera, es apto para el total de las edades, culturas y circunstancias de aprendizaje debido a que tiene características que nos permiten acercarnos a múltiples realidades y está comprometido con valores sustanciales y el bien común. Empero, son las personas mayores las que podrían resultar especialmente favorecidas por este aprendizaje. La perspectiva ética también es examinada, puesto que es un elemento inherente a este aprendizaje. Se concluye que el aprendizaje permanente puede extenderse a todo el planeta y a todos los tiempos.
Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the population of Islamabad
Authors: Mudassar Khan
Published: November 2024

Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori shows the widevariation among developing and developed countries. The main reasonto higher prevalence in developing countries is their low basic hygiene,poor diet and improper sanitation. All these factors favor to the spreadof H. pylori infection in human population. The prevalence of H. pyloriin a specific area shows the level of hygienist of that area. The mainfocus of study was to estimate the seroprevalence of H. pylori infectionin population of Islamabad.Methods: The study was conducted among 435 clinically suspectedpatients. Samples were collected and serum was separated. H. pylori'One Step Test Device' based on immune-chromatographic techniquewas used for the detection of H. pylori antibodies.Results: In the tested 435 clinically suspected patients, the subjectswere categorized into 2 groups. Male group with 211 patients showed34 positive cases, while 56 females from second group are positive outof 224. The overall percentages revealed 12.87%, females and 7.80%males as H. pylori positive. Overall there are 20.67% positive and79.30% negative cases for H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Thepresent results showed the prevalence of H. pylori in reported area andconfirmed that the prevalence of disease is higher in developingcountries.
Animals and posthumanist discourse in children's literature
Authors: Sujinah  , Isnah Encik Savira , Kharis M.
Published: November 2024

Children’s literature is associated with various imaginary, impossible, and real creatures that blur the line between reality and fiction, creating a challenge that prompts us to question the rigid, hegemonic humanist worldview in line with the principles of post human thought. Both children’s literature and posthumanism possess a unique potential to present progressive agendas that blend fantastical possibilities with tangible real-world transformations. This article aims to analyze the role of animal characters in challenging anthropocentrism and traditional humanist viewpoints in children’s literature, and to answer research questions How do animal characters in children’s literature function as a critique of anthropocentrism, going beyond mere anthropomorphic portrayals to challenge societal perceptions and prompt considerations of the potential of other entities? To achieve this objective, the qualitative interpretive method is employed, utilizing the data source "Doctor Panda Cures Mr. Gecko's Tail | Super Panda Rescue Team | Baby Bus Cartoon". The findings reveal the following: First, animal characters serve as a counterpoint to anthropomorphism. This underscores the notion that animal characters are necessary for conveying messages effectively to children. Second, animal characters are portrayed on an equal footing with humans. The portrayal of animals in roles such as rescue teams, welders, drivers, and the like is based on their inherent traits. Finally, animals function as a critique of anthropocentrism. This critique extends beyond the concept of animals merely "thinking and acting" like humans; it pushes us to reconsider animals' roles and to explore the potential of non-human entities. This study bridges children’s literature and posthumanism, contending that children's fiction offers a nuanced contribution to the discourse on the essence of humanity, particularly in the context of human-animal relationships.
History of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Authors: Veeravarapu Hymavathi
Published: November 2024

The evolution of computers in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) represents a transformative journey that has revolutionized drug discovery and development processes. From early manual calculations to modern artificial intelligence applications, computational technologies have become integral to pharmaceutical innovation. The advent of personal computers in the 1980s democratized computational capabilities, leading to widespread adoption of computer-aided drug design techniques. The field further advanced with the implementation of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics simulations, providing unprecedented insights into molecular interactions at atomic and subatomic levels. The introduction of high-performance computing clusters revolutionized data processing capabilities, enabling complex simulations and analyses at scale. Most recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning have emerged as powerful tools for predictive modeling, target identification, and drug optimization. The future trajectory points toward quantum computing and enhanced integration of big data analytics, promising even greater capabilities in drug discovery and development
Computer-Aided Biopharmaceutical Characterization
Authors: Saha Gourab
Published: November 2024

Computer-aided biopharmaceutical characterization combines advanced computational methods with analytical techniques to understand and optimize biological drug development. Modern software platforms analyze complex molecular structures, predict protein-ligand interactions, and simulate drug behavior in biological systems. High-throughput screening methods integrated with machine learning algorithms accelerate the identification of potential drug candidates while reducing experimental costs. Advanced computational tools evaluate protein stability, aggregation tendencies, and immunogenicity risks, enabling better decision-making in drug development processes. Molecular dynamics simulations provide detailed insights into protein structure-function relationships and help optimize drug formulations. Automated data analysis systems process large-scale analytical data from various characterization techniques, including mass spectrometry, chromatography, and spectroscopy. The integration of computational tools with laboratory automation has revolutionized how biopharmaceuticals are developed, characterized, and manufactured, leading to more efficient and cost-effective drug development processes
Statistical Modeling in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Authors: Ansari Zeeshan
Published: November 2024

Statistical modeling stands as a cornerstone in pharmaceutical research and development, bridging theoretical frameworks with practical drug development applications. The comprehensive exploration of descriptive and mechanistic modeling approaches provides crucial insights into drug behavior and development processes. Through systematic examination of statistical parameters, estimation techniques, and confidence regions, researchers can make informed decisions in drug development pathways. The analysis of nonlinearity at optimal points, coupled with robust sensitivity analyses, enables precise model validation and optimization. Optimal design strategies enhance experimental efficiency while minimizing resource utilization. Population modeling approaches complete the framework by addressing drug behavior across diverse patient groups, ultimately contributing to more effective and targeted therapeutic solutions. The integration of these statistical methodologies provides a robust foundation for modern pharmaceutical development, enabling data-driven decision-making and enhanced drug development outcomes
Gastrointestinal Model Construction
Authors: Patel Anant Kumar
Published: November 2024

Gastrointestinal model construction represents a critical advancement in understanding digestive system physiology and drug absorption mechanisms. The development of both in vitro and in silico models has enabled detailed investigation of complex gastrointestinal processes. Physical models incorporate multiple compartments simulating different regions of the digestive tract, complete with pH gradients, enzymatic activities, and absorption surfaces. Advanced computational models integrate physiological parameters, fluid dynamics, and molecular interactions to predict drug behavior and nutrient absorption. Three-dimensional tissue engineering approaches create realistic intestinal epithelia, including functional tight junctions and metabolic enzymes. The incorporation of sensor technologies enables real-time monitoring of various parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and metabolite concentrations. Machine learning algorithms enhance model predictions by analyzing complex datasets from multiple experiments. These sophisticated models serve as valuable tools for drug development, toxicology studies, and nutritional research, reducing the need for animal testing while providing detailed mechanistic insights. Recent developments include the integration of organ-on-chip technology and microfluidic systems, further improving the physiological relevance of these models
Computational Modeling of Active Transporters
Authors: Mishra Mudita
Published: November 2024

Computational modeling of active transporters involves advanced algorithms and mathematical techniques to predict drug-transporter interactions and transport mechanisms across biological membranes. These models integrate structural biology, physicochemical properties, and kinetic parameters to simulate the behavior of key transport proteins including P-glycoprotein, BCRP, nucleoside transporters, and peptide transporters. P-glycoprotein models predict drug efflux patterns and substrate recognition, while BCRP simulations assess drug resistance mechanisms. Nucleoside transporter models calculate concentration-dependent transport kinetics and competitive inhibition effects. Human peptide transporter (hPEPT1) algorithms determine peptide-like drug absorption rates and substrate specificity patterns. ASBT models compute bile acid transport mechanisms and drug interactions in the intestinal environment. Blood-brain barrier transport models specifically address the unique challenges of drug penetration into the central nervous system, considering factors like molecular flexibility and hydrogen bonding capacity. These computational approaches have significantly improved drug development efficiency by enabling early prediction of transport behavior, reducing the need for extensive experimental testing
A Review of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and Therapeutic Potential of Selected Mushroom Species
Authors: Harshith Kumar H N  , Rakshitha H S  , Ramya S  , Sinchana H Gowda
Published: November 2024

Medicinal mushrooms contain diverse bioactive compounds that exhibit significant enzyme inhibitory properties, particularly against α-amylase and lipase enzymes. Five mushroom species - Hericium tessulatus, Lentinula edodes, Termitomyces microcarpus, Schizophyllum commune, and Tricholoma matsutake - were evaluated for their therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders. The analysis of their chemical constituents revealed high concentrations of polysaccharides (15-35%), phenolic compounds (2-8%), and terpenoids (1-4%). L. edodes showed the strongest α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 2.45 mg/mL, while H. tessulatus demonstrated potent lipase inhibition (IC50 = 1.87 mg/mL). The observed enzyme inhibitory activities correlate with specific bioactive compounds: β-glucans and triterpenes for α-amylase inhibition, and phenolic acids for lipase inhibition. These mushrooms also possess additional therapeutic properties, including immunomodulation, antioxidant effects, and antimicrobial activities. Extraction methods significantly influence the potency of bioactive compounds, with ethanol extraction yielding higher concentrations of active ingredients compared to aqueous extraction. This justifies the traditional use of these mushrooms in treating metabolic disorders and suggest their potential in developing new pharmaceutical formulations for diabetes and obesity management.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Formulation Development
Authors: Saha Gourab
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence has transformed pharmaceutical formulation development through advanced computational methods and predictive modeling. Machine learning algorithms analyze vast formulation databases to identify optimal excipient combinations and processing parameters. Deep learning networks predict drug-excipient compatibility, stability profiles, and dissolution characteristics with unprecedented accuracy. AI-powered systems accelerate preformulation studies by predicting physicochemical properties and potential formulation challenges. Neural networks optimize formulation compositions by analyzing multiple variables simultaneously, reducing experimental iterations. Molecular modeling integrated with AI enhances understanding of drug-excipient interactions at the molecular level. Quality by Design (QbD) principles are implemented through AI-driven process optimization and control strategies. Automated formulation design platforms incorporate historical data and scientific literature to generate novel formulation approaches. Knowledge management systems capture and utilize formulation expertise across organizations. Risk assessment models powered by AI identify potential formulation and process risks. These technological advances significantly reduce development time, optimize resource utilization, and improve formulation success rates while ensuring consistent product quality
Computer Simulations in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Saha Gourab
Published: November 2024

Computer simulations have revolutionized the understanding and prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) processes in drug development. Advanced computational models integrate physiological parameters, drug properties, and patient characteristics to predict drug behavior in the body. These simulations employ complex mathematical algorithms to analyze drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion patterns while considering population variability. Modern PK/PD modeling incorporates artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance prediction accuracy and optimize dosing regimens. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models utilize anatomical, physiological, and biochemical data to simulate drug disposition across different tissues and organs. Dynamic simulations assess drug-receptor interactions and subsequent physiological responses, providing insights into therapeutic effectiveness and potential adverse effects. Monte Carlo simulations generate probability distributions of PK/PD parameters, facilitating risk assessment and dosing strategy development. The combination of mechanistic modeling with empirical data analysis has enhanced understanding of drug behavior and improved the efficiency of pharmaceutical development processes
NOVERBAL KOMMUNIKATIV VOSITALAR TADQIQI
Authors: Yusupova Ziynat
Published: November 2024

This article analyzed scientific research devoted to the study of non-verbal communication means in modern linguistics, translation studies, their types and meaning in the process of communication; the author of the article expressed his reaction to the work of foreign and local scholars.
Characteristics of Professional Values Across Generations
Authors: Nilufar Dalimova  , Rukhsora Odilova
Published: November 2024

The exploration of professional values is of significant relevance in today's world. The presence of professional values and traditions plays a vital role in maintaining professional stability, enhancing a person's material prosperity, and cultivating a spiritual and moral environment at work. This article focuses on the examination of professional values across various generations and provides research findings on the matter.
Socio-Psychological Aspects of Childhood Creativity Development: A Study on Unique Traits
Authors: Nozima Valieva
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the socio-psychological facets associated with the growth of creative skills in primary school children. The driving forces behind the enhancement of these creative abilities primarily include the unique dynamics of family relationships and parental attitudes towards their children, the standing of siblings, the nature of parent-child interactions, and the influence of media. This study also investigates the gender-related differences in the development of creative abilities among primary school-aged children.
Interpretation of the Poetic Views of the Period in Mutribi Tazkiras (Essays)
Authors: I.I. Adizova
Published: November 2024

This article is devoted to the history of the tazkira genre, which reached its zenith in the 16th century in Eastern classical literature. Under the influence of Alisher Navoi's tazkira "Majolis un-nafais", dozens of works were created in the subsequent centuries. Their scope broadened, starting to assume an encyclopaedic character. Nowadays, a tazkira is not merely a niche genre that provides information about creators, but encapsulates the literary process of its time, the history of literary and aesthetic perspectives, issues of poetics, the foundations of Sufism, and the expression of the national mindset in literature. Numerous issues related to this genre await exploration. Among them, issues such as illuminating the literary process of the period, the history and development of poetics, and the reflection of the period's literary theory in the tazkiras are particularly pertinent. This article addresses one of these significant problems: the manifestation of the poetic views of the period in the tazkiras. Given the breadth of the scope, Sultan Muhammed Mutribi's work "Tazkirat ush-shuaro" was selected as a representative sample from the tazkiras.
Diagnostics Of The Current Psychological Status Of Children With Chronic Somatic Diseases
Authors: Dilfuza Ilkhamova  , Munisa Makhkamova  , Jahongir Ortikboev  , Laylo Makhkamova  , Mahsuma  Nasimjanova
Published: November 2024

This article discusses the findings of a study on the psychological state and personal characteristics of children with chronic somatic diseases. It is noted that neurasthenic syndrome is predominant among children with various forms of chronic pathology. Additionally, alterations in self-esteem and psychological well-being of children due to the impact of the disease were identified. The study emphasizes the significance of timely psychodiagnostics and correction of psychological disorders to determine the therapy's effectiveness and ensure successful social and psychological adaptation of afflicted children.
Image Of Jabroil Alayhissalam In Navoyi's Me’rojnomas
Authors: H.K.Allambergenov  , D.I.Shamsiyev
Published: November 2024

This article presents an investigative study into the depiction of Jibril in Navoi's "Khamsa," symbolising a bridge between the terrestrial and celestial. Jibril is portrayed as an intercessor for Muhammad's (s.a.v) people in their divine ascension. Through Navoi's artistic genius, complex religious and philosophical views on the night of Miraj are effectively communicated, fostering a mature worldview amongst the younger generation. Readers are urged to use classic literary and religious-philosophical dictionaries to ensure accurate comprehension of Navoi's original ideas and their transmission to future generations. The findings of this study highlight the depth of Navoi's creative legacy and emphasise the importance of further exploration within Turkish literary and Navoi studies. The analysis reiterates the importance of understanding and promoting Navoi's perspectives, firmly rooted in the latest scientific achievements.