bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Brussells Questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Pető Nóra , Seres Terèzia , Szakács Zoltán , Fáy Veronika , Karaszova Jelena , Kontra Andrea , Lalátka Olivia , Domján Gyula
Published: June 2017

Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has been recently shown to be associated with an increased risk of traffic accidents. Expensive and not widely available polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for diagnosing OSAS. The questionnaire developed by the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Working Group in 2013 in Brussells (termed the Brussels Questionnaire) was created as a screening strategy for those who apply for a driver’s license. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Brussels Questionnaire for detecting OSAS. Material and Methods. 285 patients who reported to the Sleep Disorders Centre of the Neurology Department of the Hungarian Defence Forces Military Hospital for the portable monitoring (PM) completed the Brussels Questionnaire. A score of 10 or higher out of 24 indicated a high risk of OSAS. The results of the questionnaire were then compared with the results of the PM as well as of the polysomnography (PSG) when available. Results. After the comparison of the results obtained with PM and the Brussels Questionnaire, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were calculated and amounted 0.64 and 0.49, respectively. After the comparison of the results obtained with PSG and the Brussels Questionnaire, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were calculated and amounted 0.83 and 0.55, respectively. The score of 10 points was found to be the optimal cut-off value. Conclusions. The Bruxelles Questionnaire is a simple screening tool for OSAS in candidates for driver’s license, with a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity of 0.49. Its specificity and sensitivity are similar to those of other frequently used questionnaires.
Application of QFD & VE & lean approach
for control tests in a product design
Authors: Karimi Gavareshki M.H. , Abbasi M. , Rostamkhani R.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: of this paper consists of identifying and prioritising control tests of a product
design with integrating QFD and VE techniques according to use of the lean approach to
increase the productivity of product design.
Design/methodology/approach: of this research is the application of four quality houses
at QFD (four matrices) and VE matrix and assessment table of lean approach in the form of
a combinational process.
Findings: of this research were the implementation of mentioned methodology for
numerical application. Bullet-head drill (27.8 inch HSD) that was applied in oil and gas
industries with 5.69 scores is more than moderate in related to lean of control tests, and it
is 7.13 from 9 for average survey results of applied mentioned methodology, and also it is
0.825 for research reliability.
Research limitations/implications: of this paper suggest that the wide use of the other
non-statistical techniques of quality engineering can be achieved with simple programming
in excel and lean approach. Even more advanced topics in fuzzy circumstance can be
applied with this methodology.
Originality/value: of this research is extracted from three matrices of QFD, one matrix of
VE and assessment table of lean approach for prioritising the control tests in product design
of bullet-head drill 27.8 inch HSD.
Modelos de Negócios na Área da Moda: Um Estudo Sobre Setores Tradicionais e Inovadores
Authors:   Universidade Feevale, Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Oliveira Christine Bahia de , Steinhaus Camilla , Cherutti Milena
Published: June 2017

O atual mercado extremamente competitivo leva às empresas a procurarem melhores desempenhos, como também, formas de diferenciação e outras organizações. Levando em consideração que modelo de negócios consiste na organização de detalhes estratégicos e operacionais do empreendimento, a fim de destacar-se no mercado e separar os diferentes setores nos quais a indústria abrange, e que a moda é uma das maiores indústrias existentes no mercado, procurou-se estabelecer a definição de diferentes modelos de negócios nesta área, dividindo-os em dois grandes grupos: os tradicionais e os inovadores. Tal pesquisa visa apontar alguns setores de negócios no âmbito da moda, de forma simplificada e resumida, servindo como base para futuros trabalhos. O presente estudo resultou da falta de exploração da área, com o objetivo de reconhecer e explorar o funcionamento de alguns modelos de negócios.
On the Total Number of Bends for Planar Octilinear Drawings
Authors: Bekos Michael , Kaufmann Michael , Krug Robert
Published: June 2017

An octilinear drawing of a planar graph is one in which each
edge is drawn as a sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal at
$45^\circ$ and $-45^\circ$ line-segments. For such drawings to be
readable, special care is needed in order to keep the number of bends
small. Since the problem of finding planar octilinear drawings with
minimum number of bends is NP-hard, in this paper we focus on upper
and lower bounds. From a recent result of Keszegh et al. on the
slope number of planar graphs, we can derive an upper bound of
$4n-10$ bends for planar graphs with $n$ vertices and maximum
degree $8$. We considerably improve this general bound and
corresponding previous ones for triconnected planar graphs of maximum
degree $4$, $5$ and $6$. We also derive non-trivial lower bounds for
these three classes of graphs by a technique inspired by the network
flow formulation of Tamassia for computing bend optimal orthogonal
drawings.
Ambiguïté, comportements et marchés financiers
Authors: Jeleva Meglena , Tallon Jean-Marc
Published: June 2017

Nous proposons une revue de la littérature récente centrée sur les effets de l’ambiguïté (ou incertitude non probabilisée) sur les comportements des acteurs sur les marchés financiers et sur le fonctionnement de ces derniers. Nous exposons les mécanismes théoriques de choix de portefeuille et de formation de prix d’actifs essentiellement, qui diffèrent de ceux reposant sur des modélisations usuelles en termes d’espérance d’utilité. Nous proposons aussi une revue des résultats empiriques et expérimentaux qui viennent illustrer voire étayer les prédictions théoriques décrites.
Quand le Good Lives Model rencontre les travailleurs psychosociaux : une invitation à un changement de posture professionnelle
Authors: Corneille Serge , Devillers Bérengère
Published: June 2017

Rédigé par deux professionnels qui travaillent avec cetteapproche (et ont contribué à la faire connaîtredans la Francophonie), cet article présente les lignesdirectrices et la spécificité du Good Lives Model, enparticulier lorsqu’utilisé par des intervenantspsychosociaux.
Agression sexuelle et thérapie traditionnelle : essai d’expertise et de prise en charge ethnopsychanalytique d’une adolescente africaine migrante victime d’abus sexuels
Authors: Aboudé Louis Serge
Published: June 2017

Dans cet article, nous interrogerons en trois étapes certains faits ambigus rencontrés par des professionnels au cours d’une pratique en clinique transculturelle. Le premier pas questionne l’interculturalité des concepts et les réactions du migrant, qui mettraient à mal le professionnel et l’obligeraient à se décentrer, à penser sa position clinique et, enfin, à travailler le contre-transfert culturel négatif qui en résulterait. La deuxième étape concernera l’indication proprement dite du soin dans ce contexte et nous ferons le choix de mobiliser pour ce faire l’ethnopsychanalyse. Enfin, il s’agira de réfléchir aux perspectives cliniques et psychopathologiques qui émergent du matériel clinique récolté à la suite d’une telle rencontre.

Nous poserons ainsi les jalons d’une conceptualisation en psychopathologie de famille démigrante ou remigrante en souffrance, ou encore de patient démigrant ou remigrant, en s’appuyant sur le cas d’une adolescente victime d’abus sexuels. Nous verrons que c’est à l’occasion d’un retour de la famille au Cameroun et de l’intrusion d’une pratique traditionnaliste par la grand-mère (test traditionnel de virginité) qu’un premier événement traumatique vécu en France fera retour après-coup. Cette situation mettrait en lumière de manière particulièrement crue la difficile question du choc toujours possible entre deux cultures thérapeutiques.
Les comportements sexuels problématiques chez les enfants : pistes de réflexion pour une pratique en émergence
Authors: St-Amand Annick , Villeneuve Marie-Pierre , Vaillancourt Annie
Published: June 2017

Les comportements sexuels problématiques des enfants sont complexes et ont des répercussions sur plusieurs plans. Depuis les trente dernières années, des chercheurs ont tâché d’identifier les principaux facteurs de risque qui leur sont associés. Or, il n’y a pas de définition précise de ces comportements et les critères utilisés pour juger de leur caractère problématique sont variables. De nombreux professionnels affirment manquer de connaissance et de formation pour intervenir adéquatement. S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une méta-analyse et de recherches phares dans le domaine, cet article propose des pistes de réflexion afin d’alimenter cette pratique en émergence.
Analyse de l’articulation du système de prévention des violences sexuelles sur mineurs dans le canton de Vaud - Suisse
Authors: Depallens Raphaël
Published: June 2017

Ce travail vise à décrire la manière dont s’articule le programme de prévention des violences sexuelles du système scolaire vaudois à l’intention des enfants de 4 à 12 ans. L’intérêt de ce document repose sur la mise en relation d’aspects théoriques et de données empiriques permettant d’évaluer la réalité des pratiques en termes de détection précoce et d’intervention dans un contexte scolaire. Les données ont été récoltées par interviews semi-dirigées auprès d’un groupe de professionnelles de l’école (enseignantes, psychologue, infirmière scolaire...) de l’Unité de prévention et de promotion de la santé en milieu scolaire, ainsi qu’auprès de structures externes à l’État (association, experts, etc.). Il ressort de ce travail que le système de prévention actuellement en place est peu structuré et manque de moyens.
Détresse et anxiété chez les étudiants du collégial et recours aux services d’aide socioaffectifs
Authors: Gosselin Marc-André , Ducharme Robert
Published: June 2017

Cette étude a été réalisée auprès de 12 208 cégépiens du régulier, inscrits à la session d’automne 2014 et provenant de huit cégeps situés dans différentes régions du Québec. Elle mesure l’ampleur des besoins socioaffectifs des répondants et l’utilisation des services d’aide qui leur sont offerts. Les résultats indiquent que les trois quarts des répondants ont recours à de tels services d’aide pour des problèmes autres que scolaires. Les principaux motifs de ce recours sont la satisfaction, la curiosité et la souffrance. Les résultats montrent aussi que 17,4 % des répondants ont ressenti beaucoup ou énormément de détresse et que 35,1 % ont éprouvé souvent ou tout le temps de l’anxiété. Les principaux facteurs explicatifs de la détresse et de l’anxiété sont les conflits familiaux, la pression liée au rendement scolaire, l’intimidation et les pensées suicidaires. Ainsi, 29,3 % disent qu’ils ont vécu beaucoup ou énormément de détresse à l’égard des conflits familiaux; 33,3 % ont éprouvé beaucoup ou énormément de pression liée à la performance scolaire; 11,9 % ont ressenti beaucoup ou énormément de détresse liée à l’intimidation et 18,3 % des répondants affirment avoir eu des pensées suicidaires et parmi eux, 7,3 % disent en avoir eues souvent ou tout le temps. Enfin, certains préjugés à l’égard de la santé mentale apparaissent comme un frein significatif à l’utilisation des ressources d’aide.
Reciprocal analyses in zebrafish and medaka reveal that harnessing the immune response promotes cardiac regeneration
Authors: Lai Shih-Lei , Marín-Juez Rubén , Moura Pedro Luís , Kuenne Carsten , Lai Jason Kuan Han , Tsedeke Ayele Taddese , Guenther Stefan , Looso Mario , Stainier Didier YR
Published: June 2017

Zebrafish display a distinct ability to regenerate their heart following injury. However, this ability is not shared by another teleost, the medaka. In order to identify cellular and molecular bases for this difference, we performed comparative transcriptomic analyses following cardiac cryoinjury. This comparison points to major differences in immune cell dynamics between these models. Upon closer examination, we observed delayed and reduced macrophage recruitment in medaka, along with delayed neutrophil clearance. To investigate the role of immune responses in cardiac regeneration, we delayed macrophage recruitment in zebrafish and observed compromised neovascularization, neutrophil clearance, cardiomyocyte proliferation and scar resolution. In contrast, stimulating Toll-like receptor signaling in medaka enhanced immune cell dynamics and promoted neovascularization, neutrophil clearance, cardiomyocyte proliferation and scar resolution. Altogether, these data provide further insight into the complex role of the immune response during regeneration, and serve as a platform to identify and test additional regulators of cardiac repair.
Translation repression via modulation of the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein in the inflammatory response
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Xiaoli , Liu Qiuying , Zhang Shaojie , Hu Wenqian
Published: June 2017

Gene expression is precisely regulated during the inflammatory response to control infection and limit the detrimental effects of inflammation. Here, we profiled global mRNA translation dynamics in the mouse primary macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and identified hundreds of differentially translated mRNAs. These mRNAs’ 3’UTRs have enriched binding motifs for several RNA-binding proteins, which implies extensive translational regulatory networks. We characterized one such protein, Zfp36, as a translation repressor. Using primary macrophages from a Zfp36-V5 epitope tagged knock-in mouse generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, we found that the endogenous Zfp36 directly interacts with the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein. Importantly, this interaction is required for the translational repression of Zfp36’s target mRNAs in resolving inflammation. Altogether, these results uncovered critical roles of translational regulations in controlling appropriate gene expression during the inflammatory response and revealed a new biologically relevant molecular mechanism of translational repression via modulating the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein.
Mobilizing STING Pathway via a Cationic Liposome to Enhance Doxorubicin‐Induced Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Liu Xiaochen , Zhao Zhiwen , Xu Xiaoxuan , Yi Wenzhe , Yan Dan , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping
Published: October 2024

The efficacy of anthracycline, such as doxorubicin (DOX), is facilitated by cancer cell‐intrinsic type I interferon (IFN‐I) signaling through the induction of immune responses. However, weak and chronic IFN‐I responses from rounds of chemotherapy lead to resistance against DNA damage and acquired resistance to the therapy. An exogenous supply of IFN‐I can improve the chemotherapeutic responses. Herein, a library of cationic liposomes is developed for the optimization of 1, 2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DOTAP) proportions to enhance the lysosome escape and tumor distribution of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist 2′,3′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) and DOX. The cationic liposomes with 8% DOTAP release cGAMP into the cytoplasm and increase the concentration of DOX in the tumor by 1.5 times compared with the free drug. Upon accumulation at the tumor site, the optimized liposomes induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and stimulate the STING signaling, thereby improving the production of endogenous IFN‐I and promoting dendritic cell maturation to mobilize T cell immunity. The tumor growth inhibition rate is 86%, and the median survival time is 1.6‐fold prolonged. This study offers a strategy to enhance the DOX‐induced immune response by activating the STING pathway to supply IFN‐I.
A Flexible Adaptive Lasso Cox Frailty Model Based on the Full Likelihood
Authors: Hohberg Maike , Groll Andreas
Published: October 2024

In this work, a method to regularize Cox frailty models is proposed that accommodates time‐varying covariates and time‐varying coefficients and is based on the full likelihood instead of the partial likelihood. A particular advantage of this framework is that the baseline hazard can be explicitly modeled in a smooth, semiparametric way, for example, via P‐splines. Regularization for variable selection is performed via a lasso penalty and via group lasso for categorical variables while a second penalty regularizes wiggliness of smooth estimates of time‐varying coefficients and the baseline hazard. Additionally, adaptive weights are included to stabilize the estimation. The method is implemented in the R function coxlasso, which is now integrated into the package PenCoxFrail, and will be compared to other packages for regularized Cox regression.
A phase I clinical trial of sonodynamic therapy combined with radiotherapy for brainstem gliomas
Authors: Huangfu Linkuan , Zha Boya , Li Peihong , Wang Long , Liu Xiaohao , Cui Haiyang , Li Yuxin , Wu Jingjing , Shi Shuling , Yang Yuchuan , Sun Xiaocong , Gao Shibo , Li Huizhen , Yang Daoke , Zheng Yingjuan
Published: October 2024

Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) are a class of clinically refractory malignant tumors for which there is no uniform and effective treatment protocol. Ultrasound and radiation can activate hematoporphyrin and produce sonodynamic and radiodynamic effects to kill cancer cells. Therefore, we conducted the first phase I clinical trial of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) combined with radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of BSGs to verify its safety and efficacy. We conducted a study of SDT combined with RT in 11 patients with BSGs who received SDT and RT after hematoporphyrin administration. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed during this period to assess the tumor, and adverse events were recorded. All adverse events recorded were grade 1–2; no grade 3 or more serious adverse events were observed. Treatment was well tolerated, and no dose‐limiting toxicities were observed. There were no treatment‐related deaths during the course of treatment. 8 of 11 patients (72.7%) maintained stable disease, 2 (18.2%) achieved partial response, and the tumors were still shrinking as of the last follow‐up date. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) for patients was 9.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2–12.2) months, and the median overall survival (OS) was 11.7 (95% CI 9.6–13.8) months. Therefore, SDT combined with RT has a favorable safety and feasibility and shows a preliminary high therapeutic potential.
Incidence of Pediatric to Adult Transition Among Tracheotomy Patients
Authors: Lee Rebecca , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann Fuu , Wang Cynthia S. , Brooks Rebecca , Johnson Romaine F.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To estimate the incidence and identify predictors of pediatric tracheostomy patients who transition into adulthood with a tracheostomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric tracheostomy patients treated at a single tertiary care pediatric hospital between 2009 and 2022. Patient demographics, comorbidities, tracheostomy outcomes, including decannulation and mortality rates, and the status of those alive with a tracheostomy at adulthood were compared.

Results

Of the 663 children who underwent a tracheostomy, 103 (15.5%) would have surpassed 18 years by September 1, 2023. Detailed breakdown: 26 (25%) were alive with a tracheostomy, 35 (34%) had been decannulated, 25 (24%) had passed away, and 17 (16.5%) were lost to follow‐up. Patients who retained their tracheostomies into adulthood were more likely to be older at tracheostomy placement (mean age 14.3 vs. 1.7 years, p < 0.001), Hispanic (43.7% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.003), not ventilated at initial discharge (41% vs. 24%, p < 0.001), and have severe neurocognitive disabilities (72% vs. 53%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified older age at tracheostomy placement (OR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.24–1.48]) and severe neurocognitive disability (OR = 6.20, 95% CI [2.13–18.09]) as significant predictors of maintaining a tracheostomy into adulthood.

Conclusions

Older age at tracheostomy placement and severe neurocognitive disabilities significantly predict the transition of pediatric tracheostomy patients to adult care with their tracheostomies. These findings highlight the need for specialized transition programs tailored to the needs of this unique population.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 135:1186–1191, 2025
Concurrent Image Differentiation and Integration Processings Enabled By Polarization‐Multiplexed Metasurface
Authors: Bi Xinyi , Wu Xuanguang , Fan Xinhao , Zhao Chenyang , Wen Dandan , Liu Sheng , Gan Xuetao , Zhao Jianlin , Li Peng
Published: October 2024

Optical computing and image processing performed by sensor front‐end metasurfaces is receiving increasing interest because of advantages such as significant reduction of latency time, energy consumption, and system complexity. Despite the rapid progress, concurrent processing, the most important feature of electronic computing, has not yet been well implemented in optical computing. Here, a metasurface‐based optical image processor that can perform optical differentiation and integration tasks simultaneously is proposed. This optical front‐end processor integrates two coherent transfer functions corresponding to differential and integral convolution kernels into a built‐in metasurface by polarization encoding, allowing concurrent processing of multiple all‐optical computational tasks. The simultaneous differentiation and integration operations on images for edge enhancement and denoising are demonstrated at multiple visible wavelengths. This concurrent processing architecture paves a promising pathway toward multifunctional and higher‐speed image processing for machine vision and biomedical imaging and shows the potential to expedite and potentially supplant certain digital neural network algorithms.
The Effect of Spray Distance on the Hot Corrosion Behavior of HVOF‐Sprayed NiCrAlY Coatings in a Simulated Gas Turbine Environment
Authors: Jafarzadeh Kourosh , hassan Somayyeh Sharif , Valefi Zia , Hosseini Seyed Hojatollah , Abbasi Hadiseh Mazhari , Ramezani Saeid Taghi
Published: October 2024

To utilize the unique properties of coatings produced using the high‐velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) method, this study examined the effect of spray distance on the hot corrosion behavior of NiCrAlY coatings deposited on a steel substrate. The coating samples were obtained at spray distances of 20, 25, and 30 cm. The flow rates of oxygen and propane were maintained constant at 300 and 60 lit/min, respectively. Additionally, the powder feeding rate was 32 g/min. The samples were then subjected to the hot corrosion test in a salt mixture of Na2SO4−60% V2O5 at 900°C in an ambient atmosphere. The surface and the cross section of the samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical composition of different sections was determined by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phases were also characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The best corrosion resistance was found in the sample coating formed at a spraying distance of 20 cm, as the results showed that increasing the spraying distance led to a reduction in the thermal and kinetic energy of the flame, resulting in increased porosity in the coating. This behavior can be attributed to the low oxide content of the coating, the higher aluminum content, and the richer NiAl phase, which serves as a reservoir for aluminum.
Influence of castor oil‐derived bio‐resin on mechanical and visco‐elastic properties of dynamic covalent imine bond based epoxy and its composite
Authors: Sankar Lal Sathyaraj , Kannan Sekar
Published: October 2024

The widespread use of thermoset composites has raised significant environmental and economic concerns due to their non‐recyclable nature. This study addresses these issues by developing vitrimers and their composites featuring dynamic imine bonds synthesized from vanillin, 3,3′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodicyclohexylmethane, and epoxy. To enhance toughness and bio‐content in the vitrimer and its composites, a green reactive monomer, epoxy methyl ricinoleate (EMR), was synthesized via the transesterification of epoxidized castor oil (ECO) and incorporated as the reactive diluent. The effect of EMR on bio‐resin mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, and relaxation times (τ) of the vitrimer was examined. The inclusion of EMR reduced the relaxation time, indicating improved dynamic bond exchange efficiency. EMR incorporation decreased the relaxation time, suggesting enhanced efficiency in the interchange of dynamic bonds. In addition, the incorporation of 20% EMR increased the impact strength of the epoxy vitrimer by 37.8%. The study also details the manufacturing and characterization of greener composites made with these vitrimers and flax fabric, which were evaluated for various mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties. Morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope revealed good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix. Furthermore, the flax fiber vitrimer‐based composite demonstrated effective chemical recyclability. The results indicate that these composites possess mechanical and thermal‐mechanical properties well‐suited for lightweight engineering applications.

Highlights

Recyclable vitrimers were developed from vanillin and epoxy.

Toughness and bio‐content were enhanced by adding EMR.

Relaxation time was reduced by EMR, improving bond exchange efficiency.

Epoxy vitrimer impact strength was increased by 37.8% with 20% EMR.

Green composites with vitrimers and flax fabric were manufactured.
An Adaptive Three‐Arm Comparative Clinical Endpoint Bioequivalence Study Design With Unblinded Sample Size Re‐Estimation and Optimized Allocation Ratio
Authors: Hinds David , Sun Wanjie
Published: October 2024

A three‐arm comparative clinical endpoint bioequivalence (BE) study is often used to establish bioequivalence (BE) between a locally acting generic drug (T) and reference drug (R), where superiority needs to be established for T and R over Placebo (P) and equivalence needs to be established for T vs. R. Sometimes, when study design parameters are uncertain, a fixed design study may be under‐ or over‐powered and result in study failure or unnecessary cost. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage adaptive clinical endpoint BE study with unblinded sample size re‐estimation, standard or maximum combination method, optimized allocation ratio, optional re‐estimation of the effect size based on likelihood estimation, and optional re‐estimation of the R and P treatment means at interim analysis, which have not been done previously. Our proposed method guarantees control of Type 1 error rate analytically. It helps to reduce the average sample size when the original fixed design is overpowered and increases the sample size and power when the original study and group sequential design are under‐powered. Our proposed adaptive design can help generic drug sponsors cut cost and improve success rate, making clinical study endpoint BE studies more affordable and more generic drugs accessible to the public.
Nucleus‐Spike 3D Hierarchical Superstructures via a Lecithin‐Mediated Biomineralization Approach
Authors: Rui Jiaxin , Wu Tingting , Zhang Zhiwei , Lu Wei , Shi Xuzhi , Liu Ying , Han Xiaolin , Dang Meng , Su Xiaodan , Teng Zhaogang
Published: October 2024

3D hierarchical superstructures (3DHSs) are key products of nature's evolution and have raised wide interest. However, the preparation of 3DHSs composed of building blocks with different structures is rarely reported, and regulating their structural parameters is challenging. Herein, a simple lecithin‐mediated biomineralization approach is reported for the first time to prepare gold 3DHSs composed of 0D nucleus and 1D protruding dendritic spikes. It is demonstrated that a hydrophobic complex by coordination of disulfiram (DSF) with a share of chloroauric acid is the key to forming the 3DHSs. Under the lecithin mediation, chloroauric acid is first reduced to form the 0D nucleus, followed by the spike growth through the reduction of the hydrophobic complex. The prepared 3DHSs possess well‐defined morphology with a spike length of ≈95 nm. Notably, the hierarchical spike density is systematically manipulated from 38.9% to 74.3% by controlling DSF concentrations. Moreover, the spike diameter is regulated from 9.2 to 12.9 nm by selecting different lecithin concentrations to tune the biomineralization process. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations reveal that the spikes form “hot spots”. The dense spike structure endows the 3DHSs with sound performance in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications.
Influence of diagonal reinforcement in grouted vertical joints between precast concrete wall panels, part I: Experimental investigation
Authors: Biswal Aparup , Prasad A. Meher , Sengupta Amlan Kumar
Published: October 2024

Multi‐storeyed buildings are constructed using precast concrete large panels. Although the resistance to lateral loads during an earthquake can be provided by the walls, the vertical joints between the panels remain the weak links. Conventionally, a grouted vertical joint between precast panels is achieved using minimum number of overlapping transverse horizontal U‐bars or looped wire ropes from the adjacent panels, with a holder bar at the overlap, and subsequent grouting of the gap. It was observed that under in‐plane lateral loads, the shear behavior of such joints, especially those with looped wire ropes, is brittle. This paper presents a study to improve the behavior of conventional joints by introducing diagonal reinforcement (DR). Toward this, 13 specimens were tested under monotonic loading and 2 specimens were tested under quasi‐static cyclic loading. The parameters investigated were the types of transverse joint reinforcement, types and strengths of diagonal reinforcement. The compressive strengths of panel concrete and joint grout were kept similar to industry practice. The specimens with DR showed substantial increase of the shear strength and load retention beyond the peak. The presence of conventional transverse joint reinforcement in addition to DR, increases the retention capacity of the joint. Thus, the behavior of a joint with DR was found to be stronger and more ductile.
Enhancing precision in 3D printing for highly functional printing with high-speed vision
Authors: Wang Taohan , Yamakawa Yuji
Published: October 2024

3D printing has revolutionized product design and manufacturing across various industries by enabling the creation of complex geometries with minimal waste. Despite its advancements, 3D printing still faces significant challenges, including spatial constraints and process control limitations. This paper introduces novel approaches to improve the functionality and precision of material extrusion 3D printers for the fused deposition modeling method, particularly for additional printing tasks such as printing on existing objects or continuing a print on a relocated object without prior knowledge of its position or even the environment is changed. We introduce a compensation system integrating a high-speed vision system for robot arms to address these challenges. Our system employs a three-step pose estimation process—fast point feature histograms (FPFH)-based, corner-based, and sub-pixel edge-based methods—to ensure high accuracy in restoring the position of printed pieces for additional printing tasks on a given object. Experimental results demonstrate substantial improvements in printing precision, with the system achieving sub-millimeter and sub-pixel accuracy. These advancements not only eliminate work area constraints but also enhance the adaptability and reliability of 3D printing processes.
Proprioception and its relationship with range of motion in hypermobile and normal mobile children
Authors: Ituen Oluwakemi A. , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Ferguson Gillian , Duysens Jacques
Published: October 2024

To investigate differences in proprioception using four proprioceptive tests in children with and without hypermobility. Additionally, it was tested if the results on one proprioceptive test predict the results on the other tests. Of the children (8-11years), 100 were classified as normal mobile (Beighton score 0–4) and 50 as hypermobile (Beighton score 5–9). To test proprioception, in the upper extremity the unilateral and bilateral joint position reproduction tasks were used and for the lower extremity the loaded and unloaded wedges task. No differences were found in any of the proprioception tests between the two groups. Estimating the height of the wedges was easier in the loaded position (mean penalty in standing and sitting position, 4.78 and 6.19, respectively). Recalling the elbow position in the same arm resulted in smaller errors compared to tasks reproducing the position with the contralateral arm. Of the four angles used (110°, 90°, 70°, 50°), the position recall in the 90° angle had the smallest position error (1.8°). Correlations between the proprioception tests were weak (Loaded and Unloaded (r 0. 28); Uni and Bilateral (r 0.39), Upper and Lower extremity not significant). No indication of poorer proprioception was found in children with hypermobile joints compared to their normal mobile peers. Loading gives extra information that leads to fewer errors in the wedges task performed while standing, but this effect is independent of joint mobility. Proprioception test outcomes are dependent on the test used; upper extremity results do not predict lower extremity outcomes or vice versa.
Apneic uptake of atmospheric O2 by deeply hypothermic nestlings of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): circulation and lungs
Authors: Hill Richard W. , Manteuffel Jacob J. , White Bradley A.
Published: October 2024

Nestling white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) are born in the earliest days of spring in cold climates. If the nestlings are by accident exposed to ambient temperatures near freezing (0–7 °C) at early ages (2–10 days old), they may experience body temperatures (T
bs) equally low. During such hypothermia, although their heart keeps beating, they become apneic (cease inhaling and exhaling). However, they have an exceptional ability (e.g., compared to Mus musculus) to tolerate these conditions for at least several hours, after which they revive if rewarmed by parents. This paper addresses the physiology of the apneic period. We show that apneic, hypothermic nestlings undergo physiologically important exchanges of gases with the atmosphere. These gas exchanges do not occur across the skin. Instead they occur via the trachea and lungs even though the animals are apneic. Most significantly, when hypothermic neonates are in apnea in ordinary air, they take up O2 steadily from the atmosphere throughout the apneic period, and the evidence available indicates that this O2 uptake is essential for the nestlings’ survival. At T
bs of 2–7 °C, the nestlings’ rate of O2 consumption varies quasi-exponentially with T
b and averages 0.04 mL O2 g− 1 h− 1, closely similar to the rate expressed by adult mammalian hibernators in hibernation at similar T
bs. Morphometric analysis indicates that, at all focal ages, O2 transport along the full length of the trachea can take place by diffusion at rates adequate to meet the measured rates of metabolic O2 consumption.
Daily Challenges and Resources of Adults with Chronic Dysphagia: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Ninfa Aurora , Morandi Giulia , Schindler Antonio , Delle Fave Antonella
Published: October 2024

Identifying and addressing daily challenges and resources associated with chronic oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a pivotal, though still neglected component of person-centred care, yet overlooked in research studies. To investigate these dimensions, 25 Italian adults with chronic OD due to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases participated in semi-structured interviews, designed following a modified framework analysis approach. Two researchers independently transcribed and coded interviews, elaborated a working analytical framework, indexed and charted the data, solving discrepancies through negotiated agreement and discussion with a third researcher. Proportion agreement on extracted quotations was calculated. Overall, 457 quotations were extracted from the interviews (88% agreement). Daily challenges pertained to physical, practical, and social domains; most participants reported OD-related problems; almost half mentioned care needs and obstacles in using healthcare services. Concerning resources in OD management, most participants referred to problem-focused and meaning-focused coping strategies, personal capabilities, and support from family and healthcare services. Finally, almost half of the participants reported OD-related changes in life view and meaning. Findings suggest that adjusting to OD implies challenges and resource mobilization in different life domains. Future studies should longitudinally elucidate the dynamics of positive adjustment, to promote patient-centred OD care based on individually perceived needs and challenges, and to inform healthcare policies.
Predicting criminal offence in adolescents who exhibit antisocial behaviour: a machine learning study using data from a large randomised controlled trial of multisystemic therapy
Authors: Suh Jae Won , Saunders Rob , Simes Elizabeth , Delamain Henry , Butler Stephen , Cottrell David , Kraam Abdullah , Scott Stephen , Goodyer Ian M , Wason James , Pilling Stephen , Fonagy Peter
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Accurate prediction of short-term offending in young people exhibiting antisocial behaviour could support targeted interventions. Here we develop a set of machine learning (ML) models that predict offending status with good accuracy; furthermore, we show interpretable ML analyses can complement models to inform clinical decision-making.

Methods

This study included 679 individuals aged 11–17 years who displayed moderate-to-severe antisocial behaviour, from a controlled trial of Multisystemic-therapy in England. The outcome was any criminal offence in the 18 months after study baseline. Four types of ML algorithms were trained: logistic regression, elastic net regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Prediction models were developed (1) using predictors readily available to clinicians (e.g. sociodemographics, previous convictions), and (2) with additional information (e.g. parenting). Model agnostic feature importance values were calculated and the most important predictors identified. Nested cross-validation with 100 iterations of random data splits and 10-fold cross-validation within each iteration was employed, and the average predictive performance was reported.

Results

Among the ML models using readily available predictors, the GBM is the strongest model (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.85–0.86); the other models have average AUCs of 0.82. This performance was better than using only the total number of previous offences as the predictor (0.67, 0.66–0.68), and the model simply assuming past offending status as the prediction (0.81, 0.80–0.81). Additional predictors slightly increased the performance of logistic regression and random forest models but decreased the performance of elastic net regression and gradient boosting machine-based models.

Conclusion

The potential utility of ML approaches for accurately predicting criminal offences in high-risk youth is demonstrated. Interpretable ML-based predictive models could be utilised in youth services or research to help develop and deliver effective interventions.
Quantification of blood and CSF volume to predict outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Booker James , Zolnourian Ardalan , Street James , Arora Mukul , Pandit Anand S , Toma Ahmed , Wu Chieh-Hsi , Galea Ian , Bulters Diederik
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to describe the relationship between blood and CSF volumes in different compartments on baseline CT after aSAH, assess if they independently predict long-term outcome, and explore their interaction with age. CT scans from patients participating in a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of patients with aSAH were segmented for blood and CSF volumes. The primary outcomes were the mRS, and the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcome Tool (SAHOT) at day 28 and 180. Univariate regressions were conducted to identify significant predictors of poor outcomes, followed by principal component analysis to explore correlations between imaging variables and WFNS. A multivariate predictive model was then developed and optimized using stepwise regression. CT scans from 97 patients with a median delay from symptom onset of 271 min (131–547) were analyzed. Univariate analysis showed only WFNS, and total blood volume (TBV) were significant predictors of both short and long-term outcome with WFNS more predictive of mRS and TBV more predictive of SAHOT. Principal component analysis showed strong dependencies between the imaging predictors. Multivariate ordinal regression showed models with WFNS alone were most predictive of day 180 mRS and models with TBV alone were most predictive of SAHOT. TBV was the most significant measured imaging predictor of poor long-term outcome after aSAH. All these imaging predictors are correlated, however, and may have multiple complex interactions necessitating larger datasets to detect if they provide any additional predictive value for long-term outcome.
The Case for Referential Quantifier Phrases
Authors: Capuano Antonio
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I argue that the referential/attributive distinction that Donnellan introduced for definite descriptions applies to other quantifiers phrases as well. Furthermore, I argue that the referential use of some quantifier phrases is as standard and conventional as the referential use of definite descriptions. This supports the idea that the referential use of some quantifier phrases is a semantic rather than a pragmatic phenomenon.
The Impact of Long COVID on Employment and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study of Patient Perspectives
Authors: MacEwan Sarah R. , Rahurkar Saurabh , Tarver Willi L. , Eiterman Leanna Perez , Melnyk Halia , Olvera Ramona G. , Eramo Jennifer L. , Teuschler Lauren , Gaughan Alice A. , Rush Laura J. , Stanwick Stacy , Burpee Susan Bowman , McConnell Erin , Schamess Andrew , McAlearney Ann Scheck
Published: October 2024

Background

Exploring the experiences of Long COVID patients who face challenges with employment may inform improvements in how healthcare systems can provide holistic care for this patient population.

Objective

Understand perspectives about the impact of Long COVID on employment and well-being among patients seeking healthcare for Long COVID.

Design

Qualitative study involving one-on-one interviews.

Participants

Eligible participants were 18 years of age or older, spoke English, self-reported as doing well in daily life before having COVID-19, and reported that COVID-19 was still having a significant impact on their life three or more months following an acute infection.

Approach

Participants were recruited from a post-COVID recovery clinic at an academic medical center. Interviews were conducted from August to September 2022.

Key Results

Among all participants (N = 21), most described that they were not able to work at a capacity equivalent to their norm pre-COVID-19. For those who continued working after their COVID-19 infection, the effort and energy required for work left little capacity to participate in other life activities and made it difficult to attend recommended healthcare appointments. Participants reported financial impacts of changes in employment including loss of income and changes in insurance, which were compounded by high healthcare costs. Changes in employment resulted in emotional repercussions including feelings of loss of self-identity and fear of judgement at work. Participants discussed issues surrounding access to strategies to address challenges posed by the impact of Long COVID on employment, including strategies learned from healthcare providers to cope with Long COVID symptoms at work and efforts to seek disability benefits or workplace accommodations.

Conclusions

Patients with Long COVID may face significant challenges due to changes in their ability to work. Healthcare providers can support these patients by connecting them to financial assistance resources, facilitating appropriate mental health treatment, and expediting workplace accommodation requests.
Patient-reported outcomes in cancer survivorship: insights from two decades of population-based PROFILES registry research
Authors: Mols Floortje , Schoormans Dounya , Oerlemans Simone , Horevoorts Nicole , Ezendam Nicole , Raijmakers Natasja , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke
Published: October 2024

Purpose

When the field of cancer survivorship research was in its infancy, the PROFILES registry was set up in 2004 to monitor patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in survivors and a normative population. This scoping review aims to summarize lessons learned from developing a population-based PRO registry, focusing on study methodologies, data collection shifts, data utilization, multidisciplinary collaboration, societal impact, and data sharing.

Methods

A systematic computerized literature search through PubMed was performed to collect all publications using data from the PROFILES registry between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2023.

Results

The PROFILES registry’s research today encompassed 249 papers from 35 studies. Key insights include the importance of multi-hospital collaboration, which enhances participant inclusion and result generalizability. Optimizing response rates and patient inclusion is achieved through proactive data collection methods such as inclusion by health care professionals, and using both web-based and paper questionnaires. Longitudinal studies, despite their intensive data collection efforts, provide critical insights into the consequences of cancer and its treatment on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from diagnosis through survivorship. Combining PRO data with comprehensive clinical registry data ensures reliable datasets, crucial for drawing meaningful conclusions. The shift towards multidisciplinary collaboration, open-access publishing, and data sharing all contribute to accessible and impactful research.

Conclusions

This review highlights key insights from the PROFILES registry, emphasizing multi-hospital collaboration, proactive data collection, and the integration of PROs with clinical data.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

These lessons can guide future research on cancer survivorship, improving methodologies to enhance survivorship care and quality of life through multidisciplinary collaboration and data sharing.