bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of video modeling in teaching earthquake and postearthquake evacuation safety skills for children with autism
Authors: Kurt Onur , Cevher Zehra , Kutlu Metehan
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of video modeling to teach safety skills during earthquakes and postearthquake evacuation to children with autism. Three male children with autism, aged 9–10 years, participated in the study. The results indicate that video modeling was effective at promoting the acquisition of “drop, cover, and hold on” and evacuation skills for all three students. Furthermore, the skills generalized to a new setting for all three participants and maintained up to 4 weeks after video modeling for the two participants for whom maintenance was evaluated. Social‐validity data were also collected from participants, their parents, and a teacher, and the findings were positive overall. Implications for instruction and future research are discussed based on the results of the study.
S‐Nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine impregnated latex: A new class of barrier contraception for the prevention of intercourse‐associated UTIs
Authors: Wilson Sarah N. , Maffe Patrick , Pant Jitendra , Grommersch Bryan M. , Handa Hitesh
Published: January 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common infections seen in humans, affecting over half of the female population. Though easily and quickly treatable, if gone untreated for too long, UTIs can lead to narrowing of the urethra as well as bladder and kidney infections. Due to the disease potential, it is crucial to mitigate the development of UTIs throughout healthcare. Unfortunately, sexual activity and the use of condoms have been identified as common risk factors for the development of sexually acquired UTIs. Therefore, this study outlines a potential alteration to existing condom technology to decrease the risk of developing sexually acquired UTIs using S‐nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Herein, varying concentrations of SNAP are integrated into commercialized condoms through a facile solvent swelling method. Physical characterization studies showed that 72%–100% of the ultimate tensile strength was maintained with lower SNAP concentrations, validating the modified condom's mechanical integrity. Additionally, the evaluation of room‐temperature storage stability via NO release analysis outlined a lack of special storage conditions needed compared to commercial products. Moreover, these samples exhibited >90% relative cell viability and >96% bacterial killing, proving biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. SNAP‐Latex maintains the desired condom durability while demonstrating excellent potential as an effective new contraceptive technology to mitigate the occurrence of sexually acquired UTIs.
Sintered fluorapatite scaffolds as an autograft‐like engineered bone graft
Authors: Nielson Clark , Agarwal Jayant , Beck James Peter , Shea Jill , Jeyapalina Sujee
Published: January 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HA)‐based materials are widely used as bone substitutes due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and bio‐absorption properties. However, HA scaffolds lack compressive strength when compared to autograft bone. It has been shown that the fluoridated form of HA, fluorapatite (FA), can be sintered to obtain this desired strength as well as slower degradation properties. Also, FA surfaces have been previously shown to promote stem cell differentiation toward an osteogenic lineage. Thus, it was hypothesized that FA, with and without stromal vascular fraction (SVF), would guide bone healing to an equal or better extent than the clinical gold standard. The regenerative potentials of these scaffolds were tested in 32 Lewis rats in a femoral condylar defect model with untreated (negative), isograft (positive), and commercial HA as controls. Animals were survived for 12 weeks post‐implantation. A semi‐quantitative micro‐CT analysis was developed to quantify the percent new bone formation within the defects. Our model showed significantly higher (p < .05) new bone depositions in all apatite groups compared to the autograft group. Overall, the FA group had the most significant new bone deposition, while the differences between HA, FA, and FA + SVF were insignificant (p > .05). Histological observations supported the micro‐CT findings and highlighted the presence of healthy bone tissues without interposing capsules or intense immune responses for FA groups. Most importantly, the regenerating bone tissue within the FA + SVF scaffolds resembled the architecture of the surrounding trabecular bone, showing intertrabecular spaces, while the FA group presented a denser cortical bone‐like architecture. Also, a lower density of cells was observed near FA granules compared to HA surfaces, suggesting a reduced immune response. This first in vivo rat study supported the tested hypothesis, illustrating the utility of FA as a bone scaffold material.
Novel insights on the probable mechanism associated with histamine oral model‐inducing neuropathological and behavioral toxicity in rats
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa A. , Hassanen Eman I. , Mansour Hayam A. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Azouz Rehab A. , Mahmoud Mahmoud A.
Published: January 2024

Histamine (HIS) is an important chemical mediator that causes vasodilation and contributes to anaphylactic reactions. Recently, HIS is an understudied neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its potential role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is a critical area of research. So, the study's goal is to investigate the consequences of repeated oral intake of HIS on the rat's brain and explore the mechanistic way of its neurotoxicity. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups (n = 10). The following treatments were administered orally to all rats every day for 14 days. Group (1) was given distilled water, whereas groups (2 & 3) were given HIS at dosage levels 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BWT), respectively. Brain tissue samples were collected at 7‐ and 14‐days from the beginning of the experiment. Our results revealed that continuous oral administration of HIS at both doses for 14 days significantly reduced the BWT and induced severe neurobehavioral changes, including depression, dullness, lethargy, tremors, abnormal walking, and loss of spatial learning and memory in rats. In all HIS receiving groups, HPLC data showed a considerable raise in the HIS contents of the brain. Additionally, the daily consumption of HIS causes oxidative stress that is dose‐ and time‐dependent which is characterized by elevation of malondialdehyde levels along with reduction of catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels. The neuropathological lesions were commonly observed in the cerebrum, striatum, and cerebellum and confirmed by the immunohistochemistry staining that demonstrating moderate to strong caspase‐3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions in all HIS receiving groups, mainly those receiving 500 mg/kg HIS. NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β gene levels were also upregulated at 7‐ and 14‐days in all HIS groups, particularly in those getting 500 mg/kg. We concluded that ROS‐induced apoptosis and inflammation was the essential mechanism involved in HIS‐mediated neurobehavioral toxicity and histopathology.
3D Fractal Dimension Analysis: Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Trabecular Complexity in Participants with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zheng Jin‐Yu , Chen Bing‐Hua , Wu Rui , An Dong‐Aolei , Shi Ruo‐Yang , Wu Chong‐Wen , Xie Jing‐Yu , Jiang Shan‐Shan , Jia Victor , Zhao Lei , Wu Lian‐Ming
Published: January 2024

Background

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is characterized by progressive myocardial fibro‐fatty infiltration accompanied by trabecular disarray. Traditionally, two‐dimensional (2D) instead of 3D fractal dimension (FD) analysis has been used to evaluate trabecular disarray. However, the prognostic value of trabecular disorder assessed by 3D FD measurement remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of right ventricular trabecular complexity in ACM patients using 3D FD analysis based on cardiac MR cine images.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

85 ACM patients (mean age: 45 ± 17 years, 52 male).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T/cine imaging, T2‐short tau inversion recovery (T2‐STIR), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Assessment

Using cine images, RV (right ventricular) volumetric and functional parameters were obtained. RV trabecular complexity was measured with 3D fractal analysis by box‐counting method to calculate 3D‐FD. Cox and logistic regression models were established to evaluate the prognostic value of 3D‐FD for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Statistical Tests

Cox regression and logistic regression to explore the prognostic value of 3D‐FD. C‐index, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC curve (AUC) to evaluate the incremental value of 3D‐FD. Intraclass correlation coefficient for interobserver variability. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.

Results

26 MACE were recorded during the 60 month follow‐up (interquartile range: 48–67 months). RV 3D‐FD significantly differed between ACM patients with MACE (2.67, interquartile range: 2.51 ~ 2.81) and without (2.52, interquartile range: 2.40 ~ 2.67) and was a significant independent risk factor for MACE (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.04). In addition, prognostic model fitness was significantly improved after adding 3D‐FD to RV global longitudinal strain, LV involvement, and 5‐year risk score separately.

Data Conclusion

The myocardial trabecular complexity assessed through 3D FD analysis was found associated with MACE and provided incremental prognostic value beyond conventional ACM risk factors.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Th2 and Th17‐associated immunopathology following SARS‐CoV‐2 breakthrough infection in Spike‐vaccinated ACE2‐humanized mice
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Magazine Nicholas , McGee Michael C. , Carossino Mariano , Veggiani Gianluca , Kousoulas Konstantin G. , August Avery , Huang Weishan
Published: January 2024

Vaccines have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in protecting against COVID‐19; however, concerns regarding vaccine‐associated enhanced respiratory diseases (VAERD) following breakthrough infections have emerged. Spike protein subunit vaccines for SARS‐CoV‐2 induce VAERD in hamsters, where aluminum adjuvants promote a Th2‐biased immune response, leading to increased type 2 pulmonary inflammation in animals with breakthrough infections. To gain a deeper understanding of the potential risks and the underlying mechanisms of VAERD, we immunized ACE2‐humanized mice with SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike protein adjuvanted with aluminum and CpG‐ODN. Subsequently, we exposed them to increasing doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 to establish a breakthrough infection. The vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibody responses, reduced viral titers, and enhanced host survival. However, following a breakthrough infection, vaccinated animals exhibited severe pulmonary immunopathology, characterized by a significant perivascular infiltration of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells, along with increased expression of Th2/Th17 cytokines. Intracellular flow cytometric analysis revealed a systemic Th17 inflammatory response, particularly pronounced in the lungs. Our data demonstrate that aluminum/CpG adjuvants induce strong antibody and Th1‐associated immunity against COVID‐19 but also prime a robust Th2/Th17 inflammatory response, which may contribute to the rapid onset of T cell‐mediated pulmonary immunopathology following a breakthrough infection. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to unravel the complexities of VAERD in COVID‐19 and to enhance vaccine formulations for broad protection and maximum safety.
Early childhood‐onset rumination syndrome is clinically distinct from adolescent‐onset rumination syndrome
Authors: Yang Dennis M. , Sabella Julia , Kroon Van Diest Ashley , Bali Neetu , Vaz Karla , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Rumination syndrome (RS) beginning in early childhood or infancy is understudied and challenging to treat. Our objective is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of early‐onset (EO) and adolescent‐onset (AO) patients with RS.

Methods

We conducted an ambidirectional cohort study of children diagnosed with RS at our institution. Patients were included in two groups: EO (RS symptom onset ≤5 years and diagnosis ≤12 years) and AO (onset >12 years). Patient characteristics, severity, and outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results

We included 49 EO and 52 AO RS patients. The median ages of symptom onset and diagnosis in EO were 3.5 and 6 years, respectively; AO, 14.5 and 15 years. EO RS had a slight male predominance while AO was predominantly female (p = 0.016). EO patients were more likely to have developmental delay (24% vs. 8%, p = 0.029) and less likely to have depression (0% vs. 23%, p < 0.001) or anxiety (14% vs. 40%, p = 0.004). At baseline, EO RS was less severe than AO RS: EO RS had greater regurgitation frequency (p < 0.001) but lower vomiting frequency (p = 0.001), resulting in less meal skipping (p < 0.001), reliance on tube feeding or parenteral nutrition (p < 0.001), and weight loss (p = 0.035). EO RS symptoms improved over time: at follow‐up, patients had lower regurgitation (p < 0.001) and vomiting frequency (p < 0.001) compared to baseline.

Conclusion

EO RS is clinically distinct from AO RS, with differences in sex distribution, comorbid conditions, and severity of initial presentation. The pathogenesis and natural history of EO RS may be distinct from that of AO RS.
Forest fires in southwest Western Siberia: the impact of climate and economic transitions over 9000 years
Authors: Ryabogina N. E. , Nesterova M. I. , Utaygulova R. R. , Trubitsyna E. D.
Published: January 2024

Here we compare the long‐term dynamics of fires in the southern taiga of Western Siberia with changes in the environment and ancient economies. Utilizing charcoal particles extracted from peat sediments, we assess charcoal accumulation rates to identify the neighborhood level of fires. Comparison of changes in vegetation, climate and land‐use history with fire dynamics reveals that wildfires were climate‐dependent but inconsequential during the first half of the Holocene (9.0–4.1k cal a bp) in the hunter‐gatherer period. Critical changes and a notable increase in fires were observed in the Late Holocene when pyrogenic events correlate poorly with changes in vegetation cover and climate. Nevertheless, after 4.1k cal a 
bp, a direct relationship between fire frequency and economic features emerged, primarily linked to the introduction of animal husbandry and metallurgy, along with an increase in the number of settlements. Subsequently, fire activity increased, remaining higher even during periods of cooling and increased humidity, and this appears to have been related more closely to the economic strategies and periods of depopulation. Thus, even in Siberia, where agriculture had not been practised until the last few centuries, the transition to a productive economy in the Bronze Age brought decisive changes in the dynamics of forest fires.
Anterior talofibular ligament's superior fascicle as a cause of ankle microinstability can be routinely identified by ultrasound
Authors: Esparó Jordi , Vega Jordi , Cordier Guillaume , Johnson Rowena , Dallaudière Benjamin , Gasol‐Santa Xavier , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Chronic pain can affect up to 40% of patients after ankle inversion sprains. The current hypothesis to explain this high percentage of chronic pain is a partial/total rupture of anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) superior fascicle, a structure that has recently been described as intra‐articular and as having a different function than ATFL's inferior fascicle. This has created the need for diagnosing ATFL superior and inferior fascicles independently. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate if the ATFL's superior fascicle can be visualized on ultrasound, and to describe its ultrasonographic appearance.

Methods

Twenty fresh‐frozen ankle specimens were used in this 4‐phases study. First, the specimens were scanned on US to identify what was believed to be ATFL's superior fascicle. Second, ATFL's superior fascicle was sutured under direct arthroscopic vision. Next, the specimens were scanned on US to obtain an image of the sutured structure. Finally, the specimens were dissected to confirm that the suture was indeed placed on ATFL's superior fascicle.

Results

On the 20 specimens studied, full correlation was obtained between US, arthroscopic suture and specimen dissection. ATFL's superior fascicle US appearance is provided.

Conclusion

ATFL's superior fascicle can be visualized on US, which will allow to undergo diagnosis of isolated injuries to that fascicle, a common finding in ankle microinstability. The results of this study will facilitate the diagnosis of partial or complete rupture of ATFL's superior fascicle, likely increasing the amount of ankle microinstability diagnosis, impacting clinical management of ankle sprain consequences.
Outcomes of Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy Performed in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saturno Michael , Shaari Ariana L. , Yun Jun , Wein Lauren E. , Shaari Diana , Kappauf Catharine , Laitman Benjamin M. , Chai Raymond L.
Published: January 2024

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate oncologic outcomes of all published cases of supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) performed in the United States. The secondary objective was to assess the functional outcomes associated with this procedure.

Review Methods

A systematic review of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase for all English‐language studies pertaining to SCPL performed in the United States was conducted until August 2021. Primary outcomes included disease‐specific survival (DSS), overall survival, and local recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes included larynx preservation rate, gastrostromy tube dependency, days to gastrostomy tube removal, decannulation rate, and days to decannulation.

Results

A total of six studies were included in the analysis. A total of 113 patients (58.5%) underwent SCPL surgery as a primary treatment method whereas 80 patients (41.5%) underwent SCPL as salvage surgery. The 5‐year DSS rates were 87.8% and 100% for primary and salvage procedures, respectively. Approximately 10.3% of patients undergoing a salvage SCPL procedure experienced a local recurrence whereas only 1.85% of primary SCPL procedures resulted in local recurrence. The rates of decannulation following primary and salvage SCPL were 92.7% and 88.1%, respectively. With regard to swallowing, primary and salvage SCPL procedures demonstrated comparably low postoperative gastrostomy tube dependency rates of 3.66% and 4.76%, respectively.

Conclusions

SCPL performed in the United States is an effective surgical technique that produces excellent outcomes in qualifying patients, thus validating its viability as an organ‐preserving surgical alternative. Laryngoscope, 134:3003–3011, 2024
The use of fractional radiofrequency in Asian patients to improve skin texture
Authors: Chan Mandy W. M. , Chan Agnes W. S. , Wong Christina S. M. , Shek Samantha Y. N. , Yeung Chi Keung , Kono Taro , Chan Henry H. L.
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives

Fractional radiofrequency devices have been demonstrated to improve skin texture, such as smoothness, rhytides, brightness, and atrophic acne scars, by increasing dermal thickness, dermal collagen content, and dermal fibrillin content. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy and adverse effects of this device on Asian patients of skin type III and IV with skin textural changes.

Materials and Methods

The study was designed as a prospective, open‐labeled single‐arm study, which was conducted with 20 Chinese patients aged 21–60 years and having irregularities in their skin texture, rhytides, and acne scars. The patients received six treatments at intervals of 4 weeks. Treatment was initiated with the maximum energy tolerated, which was then adjusted during the course of treatment if the patients felt excessive discomfort. A total of two passes were delivered in each session. Physician assessment results and standardized photographs were collected at the baseline, after all treatment visits, and at 1, 2, and 6 months after the final treatment visit.

Results

A total of 17 patients completed the study according to the established protocol. At the 6‐month follow‐up, 71% of patients were satisfied and 24% of patients were very satisfied with the received treatments, and the treatment physician reported varying degrees of improvement based on the global assessment scale in 60% of the subjects. While the anticipated side effects, such as erythema, edema, pinpoint bleeding, scab formation, and flare of acne, were noted in the patients, no serious adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion

The use of fractional radiofrequency improves skin texture and is safe for use in Asian patients of skin type III and IV. No long‐term serious adverse effects were noted.
Recommended implementation of quantitative susceptibility mapping for clinical research in the brain: A consensus of the ISMRM electro‐magnetic tissue properties study group
Authors:   QSM Consensus Organization Committee, Bilgic Berkin , Costagli Mauro , Chan Kwok‐Shing , Duyn Jeff , Langkammer Christian , Lee Jongho , Li Xu , Liu Chunlei , Marques José P. , Milovic Carlos , Robinson Simon Daniel , Schweser Ferdinand , Shmueli Karin , Spincemaille Pascal , Straub Sina , van Zijl Peter , Wang Yi ,   ISMRM Electro‐Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group
Published: January 2024

This article provides recommendations for implementing QSM for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Electro‐Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development continues to advance rapidly, the current QSM methods have been demonstrated to be repeatable and reproducible for generating quantitative tissue magnetic susceptibility maps in the brain. However, the many QSM approaches available have generated a need in the neuroimaging community for guidelines on implementation. This article outlines considerations and implementation recommendations for QSM data acquisition, processing, analysis, and publication. We recommend that data be acquired using a monopolar 3D multi‐echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence and that phase images be saved and exported in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and unwrapped using an exact unwrapping approach. Multi‐echo images should be combined before background field removal, and a brain mask created using a brain extraction tool with the incorporation of phase‐quality‐based masking. Background fields within the brain mask should be removed using a technique based on SHARP or PDF, and the optimization approach to dipole inversion should be employed with a sparsity‐based regularization. Susceptibility values should be measured relative to a specified reference, including the common reference region of the whole brain as a region of interest in the analysis. The minimum acquisition and processing details required when reporting QSM results are also provided. These recommendations should facilitate clinical QSM research and promote harmonized data acquisition, analysis, and reporting.
An adaptive sampling algorithm for reduced‐order models using Isomap
Authors: Halder Rakesh , Fidkowski Krzysztof J. , Maki Kevin J.
Published: January 2024

The use of reduced‐order models (ROMs) in physics‐based modeling and simulation is a popular tool for drastically lowering the computational cost associated with high‐fidelity simulations. ROMs use training data from a set of computed high‐fidelity simulations with different design parameters that control physical and geometric properties of the full‐order model. The quality of the training data dictates the performance of the ROM, making the choice of training design parameters important. A widely used method for generating training parameters for ROMs is Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), a statistical method that aims to maximize the distance and minimize the correlation amongst produced samples. However, LHS fails to account for the physics of the full‐order model and can lead to an over‐representation of some physical regimes in the training data while neglecting others. In this work, we present a computationally efficient adaptive sampling method for ROMs using Isomap, a versatile algorithm for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Using an initial number of samples, the adaptive sampling algorithm iteratively generates samples based on a low‐dimensional manifold of the training data. When applied to two external aerodynamics problems, the proposed adaptive sampling algorithm offers significantly improved performance in predicting physical fields and coefficients of lift and drag for a given computational budget for both non‐intrusive and projection‐based ROMs.
High‐velocity impact behavior of nonwoven mats and unidirectional prepreg hemp and flax fibers reinforced hybrid biocomposites
Authors: Baysal Ataberk , Turkmen Halit Suleyman , Yayla Paşa
Published: January 2024

High specific impact strength and stiffness are demanded in various applications, leading to the widespread utilization of fiber‐reinforced polymers. Synthetic fiber‐reinforced polymers have been used to meet these engineering requirements. However, the current popularity of biocomposites arises from their environmental friendliness, ease of availability, and affordability, making them a favored alternative to synthetic‐based fiber‐reinforced polymers. An assessment must be conducted to determine whether biocomposites can replace their synthetic fiber counterparts, necessitating a thorough investigation into their impact behavior. This study aims to unveil the impact performance of hybrid biocomposites made from unidirectional prepregs comprising flax/polypropylene fibers and nonwoven mats composed of hemp/polypropylene fibers. The impact performance of hybrid biocomposites has also been studied concerning the number of layers and stacking sequence. Eight different designs of biocomposite plates are manufactured through compression molding and subsequently subjected to high‐velocity impact tests. Additionally, numerical simulation using the FEM is utilized to model and analyze the impact behavior of one specimen. The test results indicate that each design possesses unique characteristics and impact behaviors differ.

Highlights

Adding prepreg significantly improved mechanical performance in the biocomposites.

Performance enhancement varies depending on the stacking sequence.

Adding multiple layers of UD prepregs enhances mat impact performance.

Numerical simulations validate the Tsai‐Wu criterion for impact testing.
Indications and practice of home invasive mechanical ventilation in children
Authors: Bayav Secahattin , Çobanoğlu Nazan
Published: January 2024

Background

Developments and technological advances in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units have led to a prolonged life expectancy of pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure. Therefore, the number of hemodynamically stable pediatric patients with chronic respiratory failure who need mechanical ventilator assistance throughout the day has significantly increased.

Aims

Numerous conditions, including parenchymal lung diseases, airway disorders, neuromotor disorders, or respiratory defects, can lead to chronic respiratory failure. For individuals who cannot tolerate non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is the only suitable choice. Due to increasing need, mechanical ventilator technology is continuously evolving.

Results

As a result of this process, home‐type mechanical ventilators have been produced for patients requiring long‐term IMV. Patients with chronic respiratory failure can be safely monitored at home with these ventilators.

Discussion

Home follow‐up of these patients has many benefits such as an increase in general quality of life and a positive contribution to their emotional and cognitive development.

Conclusion

In this compilation, indications for home‐based IMV, features of home invasive mechanical ventilators (HMVs), patient monitoring, and the detailed advantages of using IMV at home will be elucidated.
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation during less invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants: An open‐label randomized controlled study
Authors: Dani Carlo , Napolitano Marcello , Barone Ciro , Manna Angelo , Nigro Gabriella , Scarpelli Gianfranco , Bonanno Elvira , Gatto Sara , Cavigioli Francesco , Forcellini Carlo , Petoello Enrico , Beghini Renzo , Ciarcià Martina , Fusco Monica , Mosca Fabio , Lavizzari Anna , Gitto Eloisa , Barbuscia Letteria , Betta Pasqua , Mattia Carmine , Corvaglia Luigi , Vedovato Stefania , Vento Giovanni , Maffei Gianfranco , Falsaperla Raffaele , Lago Paola , Boni Luca , Lista Gianluca ,   NIPAL Trial Investigators
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Approximately half of very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) fail treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and need mechanical ventilation (MV).

Objectives

Our aim with this study was to evaluate if nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during less invasive surfactant treatment (LISA) can improve respiratory outcome compared with NCPAP.

Materials and Methods

We carried out an open‐label randomized controlled trial at tertiary neonatal intensive care units in which infants with RDS born at 25+0−31+6 weeks of gestation between December 1, 2020 and October 31, 2022 were supported with NCPAP before and after surfactant administration and received NIPPV or NCPAP during LISA. The primary endpoint was the need for a second dose of surfactant or MV in the first 72 h of life. Other endpoints were need and duration of invasive and noninvasive respiratory supports, changes in SpO2/FiO2 ratio after LISA, and adverse effect rate.

Results

We enrolled 101 infants in the NIPPV group and 99 in the NCPAP group. The unadjusted odds ratio for the composite primary outcome was 0.873 (95% confidence interval: 0.456–1.671; p = .681). We found that the SpO2/FiO2 ratio was transiently higher in the LISA plus NIPPV than in the LISA plus NCPAP group, while adverse effects of LISA had similar occurrence in the two arms.

Conclusions

The application of NIPPV or NCPAP during LISA in very preterm infants supported with NCPAP before and after surfactant administration had similar effects on the short‐term respiratory outcome and are both safe. Our study does not support the use of NIPPV during LISA.
Time to be blunt: Substance use in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vaziri Sanaz , McGarry Meghan E. , Huang Chiung‐Yu , Cuneo Addison A. , Willen Shaina M. , Iwanaga Kensho , Neemuchwala Fatima , Gibb Elizabeth R. , Chan Marilynn , Ly Ngoc P.
Published: January 2024

Background

As the population of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) continues to age, attention is shifting towards addressing the unique challenges teenagers and adults face, including substance use. Changing attitudes and legality regarding marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) may influence their use among pwCF, but data on the rate of use, reasons for use, and administration methods are lacking.

Objective

Investigate marijuana, CBD, e‐cigarette, and cigarette usage among pwCF and explore differences in demographics, disease severity, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) modulator use between recent users and nonusers.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study used a one‐time electronic survey to assess marijuana, CBD, e‐cigarette, and cigarette use in pwCF aged >13 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between recent users and nonusers. The association between recent substance use and CFTR modulator use was analyzed using logistic regressions.

Results

Among 226 participants, 29% used marijuana, 22% used CBD, 27% used e‐cigarettes, and 22% used cigarettes in the last 12 months. Users of all substances were more likely to be college‐educated or aged 29‐39 years than nonusers. E‐cigarette users were 2.9 times more likely to use CFTR modulators (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.98–11.00, p = .08) and marijuana users were 2.5 times more likely to use CFTR modulators compared to nonusers, adjusted for confounders. CBD, e‐cigarettes, and cigarettes users were more likely to have an abnormal mental health screen compared to nonusers. A high proportion of never‐users of marijuana and CBD expressed interest in using.

Conclusion

Substance use is more prevalent among pwCF than previously reported and needs to be addressed by healthcare providers.
ATP‐independent assembly machinery of bacterial outer membranes: BAM complex structure and function set the stage for next‐generation therapeutics
Authors: George Anjana , Patil Akanksha Gajanan , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan
Published: January 2024

Diderm bacteria employ β‐barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) as their first line of communication with their environment. These OMPs are assembled efficiently in the asymmetric outer membrane by the β‐Barrel Assembly Machinery (BAM). The multi‐subunit BAM complex comprises the transmembrane OMP BamA as its functional subunit, with associated lipoproteins (e.g., BamB/C/D/E/F, RmpM) varying across phyla and performing different regulatory roles. The ability of BAM complex to recognize and fold OM β‐barrels of diverse sizes, and reproducibly execute their membrane insertion, is independent of electrochemical energy. Recent atomic structures, which captured BAM–substrate complexes, show the assembly function of BamA can be tailored, with different substrate types exhibiting different folding mechanisms. Here, we highlight common and unique features of its interactome. We discuss how this conserved protein complex has evolved the ability to effectively achieve the directed assembly of diverse OMPs of wide‐ranging sizes (8–36 β‐stranded monomers). Additionally, we discuss how darobactin—the first natural membrane protein inhibitor of Gram‐negative bacteria identified in over five decades—selectively targets and specifically inhibits BamA. We conclude by deliberating how a detailed deduction of BAM complex—associated regulation of OMP biogenesis and OM remodeling will open avenues for the identification and development of effective next‐generation therapeutics against Gram‐negative pathogens.
A modified reliability acceptance sampling plan with warranty return rate consideration under Weibull‐distributed accelerated lifetime data
Authors: Wang To‐Cheng , Shu Ming‐Hung
Published: January 2024

Warranty is a standard and essential policy for today's products. The period and cost of warranty are majorly affected by the reliability of products. Therefore, validation and verification of product reliability are required to control warranty costs and sustain the brand reputation. In this paper, we propose a modified reliability acceptance sampling plan (MRASP) for product reliability validation. The operating characteristic function of the MRASP is derived by considering the accelerated time‐to‐failure data with Type‐II censoring, which follows a Weibull distribution. To minimize the number of failures required for the accelerated life test and consider the sampling risk constraints, we constructed an optimization model to determine the optimal plan design of the proposed MRASP. Following the optimal plan design, practitioners can set the number of failures required in the accelerated life test to estimate the lifetime capability of the submitted lot and decide the lot disposition using the acceptance benchmark. In addition, the lifetime capability estimation can be used to infer the warranty return rate and warranty cost of the lot, which is valuable for practitioners to formulate the warranty budget. Finally, we illustrate a real‐world case to demonstrate the practicality and applicability of the proposed method.
Radial basis function neural network optimization algorithm based on dynamic inertial weight particle swarm optimization for separating overlapping peaks in ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Shou Binxin , Yang Mingguang , Song Zihan , Li Junhui , Tang Keqi , Gao Wenqing , Feng Jiayong , Yu Jiancheng
Published: January 2024

Rationale

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), as a promising analytical tool, has been widely employed in the structural characterization of biomolecules. Nevertheless, the inherent limitation in the structural resolution of IMS frequently results in peak overlap during the analysis of isomers exhibiting comparable structures.

Methods

The radial basis function (RBF) neural network optimization algorithm based on dynamic inertial weight particle swarm optimization (DIWPSO) was proposed for separating overlapping peaks in IMS. The RBF network structure and parameters were optimized using the DIWPSO algorithm. By extensively training using a large dataset, an adaptive model was developed to effectively separate overlapping peaks in IMS data. This approach successfully overcomes issues related to local optima, ensuring efficient and precise separation of overlapping peaks.

Results

The method's performance was evaluated using experimental validation and analysis of overlapping peaks in the IMS spectra of two sets of isomers: 3′/6′‐sialyllactose; fructose‐6‐phosphate, glucose‐1‐phosphate, and glucose‐6‐phosphate. A comparative analysis was conducted using other algorithms, including the sparrow search algorithm, DIWPSO algorithm, and multi‐objective dynamic teaching‐learning‐based optimization algorithm. The comparison results show that the DIWPSO‐RBF algorithm achieved remarkably low maximum relative errors of only 0.42%, 0.092%, and 0.41% for ion height, mobility, and half peak width, respectively. These error rates are significantly lower than those obtained using the other three algorithms.

Conclusions

The experimental results convincingly demonstrate that this method can adaptively, rapidly, and accurately separate overlapping peaks of multiple components, improving the structural resolution of IMS.
Municipal risk communication challenges in the Nordic context: Organizing risk ownership
Authors: Sataøen Hogne L. , Skotnes Ruth Østgaard , Hansen Kåre , Eriksson Mats
Published: January 2024

At a time when disasters, pandemics, pollution, and other crises gain prominence, local governments bear a crucial responsibility for effective risk communication. Yet, there remains a gap in our understanding of how municipalities approach risk communication before a crisis occurs. This qualitative study, involving seven focus groups and 29 semistructured interviews across two Nordic countries, raises questions about ownership of municipal risk communication: What challenges do municipalities face in managing ownership in risk communication? How does the organization of communication influence municipal risk communication? The results underscore three key considerations: First, there is a critical need for municipalities to engage in definitional clarification of risk and crisis communication. Establishing a shared understanding is paramount for effective communication strategies. Second, reframing uncertainty in municipal risk communication ownership as an opportunity is suggested. Embracing the inherent uncertainties and dependencies can offer a valuable perspective. Lastly, recognizing the underappreciation of risk communication emphasizes the imperative for municipal decision makers to address resource allocation issues. This involves ensuring that communication professionals have the confidence and resources needed, vis‐à‐vis other functions involved in risk management.
Output consensus robustness and performance of first‐order agents
Authors: Peng Hui , Ding Yanling , Qi Tian , Chen Jie
Published: January 2024

In this article, we study consensus robustness and performance problems for continuous‐time multi‐agent systems. We consider first‐order unstable agents coordinated by an output feedback protocol over a network subject to an unknown, uncertain constant delay. Our objectives are twofold. First, we seek to determine the largest range of delay permissible so that the agents may achieve robustly consensus despite variation of the delay length, herein referred to as the delay consensus margin. Second, we attempt to determine consensus error performance quantified under an norm criterion, which measures the disruptive effect of random nodal noises on consensus. We consider both undirected and directed graphs. For undirected graphs, we obtain analytical results for the delay consensus margin and the consensus error performance, while for directed graphs, we develop computational results and analytical bounds. The results provide conceptual insights and exhibit how the agents' unstable pole, nonminimum phase zero, as well as the network topology and network delay may limit fundamentally the consensus robustness and performance of first‐order agents.
Effect of Histidine Behaviors on Structural Properties of Human Islet Amyloid Peptides
Authors: Shi Yaru , Sun Yue , Shi Hu
Published: January 2024

Histidine behaviors (including tautomeric behaviors and protonation behaviors) have been considered as an origin factor in protein folding and misfolding. However, such effects on human islet amyloid peptide (hIAPP) is still unclear, which are the key points in understanding hIAPP misfolding mechanisms. In current study, to investigate the structural properties of hIAPP peptide with histidine in (δ), (ϵ), and (p) states, three independent replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Our results show that β‐sheet structure contents are very low no matter histidine on which state, while high α‐helix contents are obtained in A8‐L16/H18 and G24‐L27/S28 regions. Cluster data suggested that three hIAPP systems are prone to flexible structural features. Further analysis confirmed that the histidine related H‐bonding networks were detected in hIAPP(δ) (N14‐H18) and hIAPP(p) (N14‐H18 and F15‐H18). Moreover, based on overall hIAPP(δ), hIAPP(ϵ), and hIAPP(p) equilibration trajectories, we discovered both sheet and helix structural features in basin of free energy landscape. Our current study contributes to the understanding on conformational changes of hIAPP due to histidine behaviors, which could lead to new insights into histidine behaviors mechanisms.
Preparation, Crystal Structure, Physico‐chemical and Nonlinear Optical Properties of a New D‐π‐A Centrosymmetric Stilbazolium Framework of 4‐[2‐(3hydroxy‐phenyl)‐vinyl]‐1‐methyl‐pyridinium iodide (HMPI)
Authors: Nandhini Krishnan , Kalainathan S. Sivaperuman
Published: January 2024

New organic Stilbazolium cation Salt of 4‐[2‐(3 hydroxy‐phenyl)‐vinyl]‐1‐methyl‐pyridinium iodide (HMPI), which was obtained through solvent evaporation solution growth. The crystal structure was proved via the SC‐XRD technique. Its outcome reveals that the HMPI crystallised in a centrosymmetric pattern (P121/n1) and monoclinic crystal system. The compositional analysis was performed via 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The FT‐IR spectrum was used to determine the vibrational mode of the different molecular groups present in the material. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The molecular orbital energies (HOMO‐LUMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) were estimated using the Gaussian program with the density functional theory (DFT) method. The linear optical study revealed the transmittance percentage, lower cut‐off wavelength, and energy band gap for HMPI crystal. In the photoluminescence study, a green colour broad emission peak is observed at 521 nm. TG and DTA measured the thermal behaviour of grown HMPI crystal. Chemical etching and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments were used to report the surface properties of grown HMPI crystal. The Z‐scan technique, a He−Ne continuous wave laser at 632.8 nm used to measure the third‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility of the HMPI crystal. The Z scan approach reveals a saturable absorption and self‐defocusing nature of the title crystal.
Comprehensive Study of Physicochemical Properties in Poly‐(Vinylidene Fluoride) Membranes Loaded with OPEFB's Lignin/ Lignosulfonate via Phase Inversion
Authors: Adi Nugroho Roshid , Widiyanto Galih , Karimah Qosrul , Venny Venny , Ridhwanul Mu'izzah Nala , Widyo Wartono Muhammad , Pramono Edi
Published: January 2024

The development of membrane technology is rapidly advancing, such as hydrophilic PVDF membranes, which provide anti‐fouling properties to the membrane. Therefore, this research innovates the development of hydrophilic PVDF membranes by incorporating lignin‐lignosulfonate fillers from OPEFBs in situ. This study successfully prepared hybrid PVDF membranes using the phase inversion method. ATR‐FTIR, XRD, and TGA/DSC analyses confirmed that the addition of 2 % filler promoted the formation of the β‐phase in PVDF, which was more dominant than with the addition of 4 % filler, especially in the PLs2 % membrane. SEM images of the membranes showed an asymmetric structure with finger‐like and sponge‐like pores. Interactive 3D surface imaging demonstrated increased pore potential peaks when lignosulfonate was added compared to lignin. The addition of 4 % filler had a hydrophilic‐hydrophobic repelling effect, increasing the porosity and water absorption of the PL4 % and PLs4 % membranes. Phase inversion membranes were relatively hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 61°, and adding filler reduced the membrane‘s contact angle by 8°. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that PVDF hybrid membranes with lignin and lignosulfonate fillers have significant potential for development in membrane technology applications that require hydrophilic membranes, such as wastewater treatment and seawater desalination.
Hierarchically Assembled Nanofiber Scaffold Guides Long Bone Regeneration by Promoting Osteogenic/Chondrogenic Differentiation of Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Pan Hao , Wei Yuxuan , Zeng Canjun , Yang Ganghua , Dong Chao , Wan Wenbing , Chen Shixuan
Published: January 2024

Critical‐sized segmental long bone defects represent a challenging clinical dilemma in the management of battlefield and trauma‐related injuries. The residual bone marrow cavity of damaged long bones contains many bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which provide a substantial source of cells for bone repair. Thus, a three‐dimensional (3D) vertically aligned nanofiber scaffold (VAS) is developed with long channels and large pore size. The pore of VAS toward the bone marrow cavity after transplantation, enables the scaffolds to recruit BMSCs from the bone marrow cavity to the defect area. In vivo, it is found that VAS can significantly shorten gap distance and promote new bone formation compared to the control and collagen groups after 4 and 8 weeks of implantation. The single‐cell sequencing results discovered that the 3D nanotopography of VAS can promote BMSCs differentiation to chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and up‐regulate related gene expression, resulting in enhancing the activities of bone regeneration, endochondral ossification, bone trabecula formation, bone mineralization, maturation, and remodeling. The Alcian blue and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) immunohistochemical staining verified significant cartilage formation and bone formation in the VAS group, corresponding to the single‐cell sequencing results. The study can inspire the design of next‐generation scaffolds for effective long‐bone regeneration is expected by the authors.