bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Stand tall, turn your three guitars up real loud, and do what you do”: The Redneck Liberation Theology of the Drive-By Truckers
Authors: Buma Michael
Published: April 2013

The relatively new genre of alternative country music often offers a similar theological perspective to that of its predecessor, traditional country. Both generally respond to the redneck condition–the plight of the rural working classes in the American South–by focussing on the immanent and material rather than the transcendent and spiritual. This paper will address alternative country’s concern for the here-and-now as it occurs in the lyrics of one prominent band, the Drive-By Truckers. I will suggest that the Truckers subscribe to what David Fillingim has called “redneck liberation theology,” a belief that the end to human suffering is due in the present world rather than in the promise of a distant heaven. The Drive-By Truckers ultimately find God and the organized church lacking in their ability to bring about human redemption, and, consequently, look to music as a surrogate “religion” that provides necessary, if provisional, spiritual answers.
Book Reviews
Authors: McLain Karline , Trathen Paul K. , Ulmer Rivka , DeGilio-Bellemare Mario , McGivern Ronald
Published: April 2013

Oropeza, B.J. ed. The Gospel According to Superheroes: Religion and Popular Culture, reviewed by Karline McLain

Pahl, jon. Shopping Malls and Other Sacred Spaces: Putting God in Place., reviewed by Paul K. Trathen

Hecker, Joel. Mystical Bodies, Mystical Meals: Eating and Embodiment in Medieval Kabbalah, reviewed by Rivka Ulmer

Beal, Timothey, Religion and its Monsters, reviewed by Mario DeGiglio-Bellemare

Kapell, Matthew, and William Doty, eds. Jacking in to The Matrix Franchise: Cultural Reception and Interpretation, reviewed by Ronald McGivern
“Then Sings My Soul”: Gospel Music as Popular Culture in the Spiritual lives of Kenyan Pentecostal/Charismatic Christians
Authors: Parsitau Damaris Seleina
Published: April 2013

The paper examines and analyses the significance of gospel music as popular culture in the spiritual lives of Kenyan Pentecostal/Charismatic Christians. It argues that the phenomenal rise of gospel in Kenya was at its climax in the 1990s, a period that also coincidentally took place with the liberalization of airwaves and the immense growth of these churches. The nineties were also a period of difficult social, political and economic hardships in Kenya and the rise of gospel music is related to these happenings. Gospel music as popular culture has become an important segment of youth culture in Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches in urban areas and is also a significant expression of youth identity in twenty-first century Kenya. The paper points out that these churches are the main locus of gospel music and have facilitated the successful emergence of social groups such as women, youth and children into public space as cultural workers who had otherwise been rendered invisible. It maintains that Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity has become a place where such social groups are contesting religious and creative space in Kenya’s public culture. The paper further argues that although there are many attractions to this form of African Christianity, its main attraction is cultural. This cultural appeal of Pentecostal/Charismatic Christianity is found in the appropriation of popular culture, which is expressed in music, dance, films, dress code and language. The paper therefore seeks to understand and link religion with popular culture and examines how new religious movements fit into the context of popular culture in Kenya. It maintains that gospel music in Kenya is a blend of local music with influences from many countries and musical styles from other parts of the world. The paper also observes that gospel music represents a valuable entry point into discourses of contemporary African cultural productions (Chitando 2002). The study hopes to contribute to the discourses on religion and public space and religious constructed identities. It argues that the media has ushered in gospel music and these churches into public space and has led to a kind of Pentecostalite culture that has pervaded public culture in Kenya
Spiritual Quest and and Popular Culture: Reflexive Spirituality in the Text of Northern Exposure
Authors: Mihelich John , Gatzke Jennifer
Published: April 2013

Through an analysis of the text of Northern Exposure, this paper discusses its spiritual narrative and argues that it resonates with broader emerging patterns of spiritual questing in the United States. Drawing from key characters and spiritual themes from several episodes, we delineate four alternative modes of “reflexive spirituality” and various ways individuals and spiritual communities reconcile spiritual meaning with the challenges of modernity.” The analysis both reveals the role of popular culture in portraying and encoding religious meaning and patterns of religiosity and enhances the broader understanding of reflexive spirituality.
Big Fish: Understanding Historical Narrative
Authors: Wilson Barrie
Published: April 2013

Big Fish raises the hermeneutic question how narrative truth relates to factual truth—how “what is said happened” relates to “what really happened.” Will wants to know facts about his father’s life. His father, Edward, is dying but he never accedes to his son’s request for a factual autobiography, preferring to tell stories about the significant moments in his life and the people he encountered. Narrative truth is what Edward values, for it opens up the dimension of significance— “what an event means to the narrator.” The meaning of events narrated is dramatized in this film. Big Fish is a story about redemption and transformation. Everyone whom Edward encounters is redeemed or changed in a positive manner. Even his son, Will, is changed. Over time, he comes to see the value of story and vows to portray his father’s life the way he wanted it told.

Big Fish poses hermeneutic problems on two levels. On the individual level, the conflict between narrative and factual truth arises when individuals seek to authenticate stories told by aged relatives or when therapists attempt to interpret accounts told them by patients. On a cultural level, the narrative versus factual truth issue is experienced by scholars puzzling over the historicity of ancient religious narratives. The importance of this issue is illustrated in relation to narratives about Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Not only do these texts stand at a distance from the events they purport to describe, we, too, as interpreters, are situated at a distance from their time of writing. The question arises, can we now move from narrative truth to factual truth (historicity)? If so, how?

It is argued that with respect to ancient cultural historical narratives, we cannot now “get behind” the narratives to corroborate the historicity of actions and sayings. In contrast, Big Fish portrays Will ascertaining details about his father’s story by hearing the account of his birth firsthand, finding records and in speaking to people still alive in Specter, a town transformed by his father’s actions. In a sense the film “cheats,” that is, it portrays what is often not possible— historical corroboration—with respect to personal, therapeutic or scholarly hermeneutic situations.

It is therefore contended that the film should have ended just with Will’s hearing the stories. That would have placed him squarely in the hermeneutic quandary.
Book Reviews
Authors: Mazur Eric Michael , Madonald Paul , Lindvall Terry
Published: April 2013

Jacobs, A.J. The Year of Living Biblically: One Man’s Humble Quest to Follow the Bible as Literally as Possible, reviewed by Eric Michael Mazur

Vanhoozer, Kevin J., Charles A. Anderson and Michael J. Sleasman, eds. Everyday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends, reviewed by Paul Macdonald

Clark, David G. C.S. Lewis: A Guide to His Theology, reviewed by Terry Lindvall

Schakel, Peter J. Is Your Lord Large Enough? How C.S. Lewis Expands Our View of God, reviewed by Terry Lindvall

Baker, William J. Playing With God: Religion and Modern Sport, reviewed by Eric Michael Mazur
The New Apocalyptic: Modern American Apocalyptic Fiction and its Ancient and Modern Cousins
Authors: Bergen Wesley J.
Published: April 2013

This paper compares and contrasts modern American Christian apocalyptic fiction with two related genres, early Christian and modern secular apocalyptic literature. Starting with a description of early Christian apocalyptic literature, it compares these to the content, form, and function of the Left Behind series. While the Left Behind series may not typify modern Christian apocalyptic fiction, its popularity places it firmly in the realm of pop culture.
By the Gods—or Not: Religious Plurality in Xena: Warrior Princess
Authors: Fillingim David
Published: April 2013

The problem of religious plurality has been explored not only in philosophical and theological works, but also in popular culture. As Xena: Warrior Princess journeys through the ancient world, she interacts with seminal figures, stories, and ideas from various religious and mythological traditions. The television series constructs the stories in a way that makes provocative suggestions about the truth and usefulness of religion in general, about the truth-claims of specific religious traditions, and about the ontological relationships among the metaphysical claims of various religions. The various answers to the problem of religious plurality suggested in Xena: Warrior Princess are compared to standard philosophical and theological approaches.
Everyday a Miracle: History According to Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN)
Authors: Meng Victoria
Published: April 2013

Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN) ranks among the largest television station conglomerates and the most longstanding televangelist programmers in America today. Since its founding in 1973, TBN has published promotional documents to “write its own history.” These documents connect TBN’s religious legitimacy to its success as a business and claim that the former causes the latter and that the latter is proof of the former. This study uses textual analysis to show that TBN represents itself as a divinely directed organization to earn its targeted viewers’ trust and to help it to remain competitive as a modern media enterprise.
Muslim Marriage Goes Online: The Use of Internet Matchmaking by American Muslims
Authors: Lo Mbaye , Aziz Taimoor
Published: April 2013

This paper analytically explores the recent rise of Internet use among American Muslims who are looking for marriage. Because American Muslims are a heterogeneous community consisting of individuals who, while confessing to a single article of faith, come from a plethora of ethnic and cultural backgrounds, finding a suitable mate within one’s religious, cultural and emotional sphere has become a complex and, at times, problematic journey. As a result, American Muslims are increasing their use of the Internet to overcome existing spatial and cultural barriers. This paper introduces the background of the Islamic marriage tradition, examines American Muslims' marriage practices and then analysis how current online match-making sites are accommodating as well as challenging the American Muslim communities’ traditional practices in matters of finding love and marriage partners.
Religion and Popular Culture in Canada: Introducing the Theme
Authors: Klassen Chris
Published: April 2013

Teaching courses on religion and popular culture in a Canadian academic institution has provided me with significant challenges. According to Raymond Williams (1983), “popular” can have at least four meanings in common parlance. (1) It can mean that which is well-liked by a lot of people ( e.g., the top ten bestselling books); (2) it can mean that which is inferior to elite or high culture (e.g., pop music versus opera); (3) it can mean that which deliberately tries to win the favour of “the people” (e.g., political campaigns); or (4) it can mean that which is made by the people (e.g., youtube). Some of these definitions lead to an assumption that popular culture is not particularly “deep” or meaningful. For some people then, the question is, as David Chidester asks in his book Authentic Fakes, “[h]ow does the serious work of religion, which engages the transcendent, the sacred, and the ultimate meaning of human life in the face of death, relate to the comparatively frivolous play of popular culture?” The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture has consistently shown the multiple ways this serious work of religion relates to popular culture.
A Comparative Analysis of Three Locations of Ritual Activity at Saint Joseph’s Oratory in Montreal
Authors: Nixon Laurence
Published: April 2013

L’Oratoire St. Joseph est le centre de pélerinage le plus populaire au Canada. A l’Oratoire il y a trois lieux principaux d’activités rituelles (la chapelle votive, la crypte et la basilique). Ces trois sites expriment trois types de religion (folklorique, populaire et élitiste). Un examen systématique de l’espace et des processus rituels nous montre qu’il y a une tension, sinon un conflit, entre l’expression folklorique et l’expression élitiste. A mon avis, cette tension est quelque peu diffusé par le cérémonial populaire de la crypte.

St. Joseph’s Oratory in Montreal is the most popular centre of pilgrimage in Canada. At the Oratory there are three distinct locations of ritual activity, the votive chapel, the crypt church and the basilica, that are expressive of three different types of religion which can be interpreted along a continuum from folk to popular to elite Catholicism, respectively. A systematic examination of the ritual space and processes of these sites, as well as citations from the publications of the Oratory, make it clear that there is a tension between the elite and folk ritual expressions—a tension which I suggest is mediated, at least in part, by the locus of popular ritual activity, the crypt church.
My[Sacred]Space: Discovering Sacred Space in Cyberspace
Authors: Walker Seth
Published: April 2013

The notion of “sacred space” has received attention from various scholars in the field of religious studies, as well as other academic disciplines. However, twentieth century contributions are specifically relevant to the study at hand. Moreover, it seems only natural to begin an analysis of “sacred space” by describing what is meant by the word “sacred” in its territorial connection with “space.” Therefore, specific understandings of “the sacred” will be explored, such as those developed by French sociologist Émile Durkheim and French historian of religion Mircea Eliade. Following this, the modern construct “cyberspace” will be explored, as the reader is led into the main topic under investigation: the existence of sacred space incyberspace, with a special emphasis on the cyber-social network MySpace. This part of the investigation will explore the various correlations that exist between these understandings of “sacred space” and those found in MySpace, arguing that the latter qualifies as being analogous to the former by the way in which it functions for its users.
The Lost Aisle: Selling Atlantis in the “Spiritual Supermarket”
Authors: Spencer Wayne
Published: April 2013

In recent years, a number of commentators have discussed the emergence of a spiritual supermarket within western societies, wherein, among a general deregulation of the spiritual marketplace, old and established spiritual products have to increasingly compete with newer ones. In this article, our aim is to discuss one manifestation of this phenomena; namely fringe or alternative archaeology. In particular, we intend to discuss the modern version of the Atlantis myth promoted by the British author, Graham Hancock, exploring in particular how it may be understood within the context of the contemporary spiritual supermarket.
Sporting Heroic Bodies In a Christian Nation-at-War
Authors: Schippert Claudia
Published: April 2013

Studying how popular iconography intersects with discourses of sexuality, I describe contemporary cultural icons of heroic bodies with regard to their significance for religious and national ideology. In this paper I investigate multiple layers of complexity in the representation, practices, and discursive implication of a Christian exercise chain, the “Lord’s Gym,” and the particular bodies targeted and produced there. Indicating implications, I suggest that studying contemporary representations of heroic bodies, placed within the reemergence of historical movements of “muscular Christianity” and vis-à-vis critical discourse about masculinity and nationalism, contributes to understanding religion in post 9/11-American culture.
"What a Difference a Gay Makes": Queering the Magic Negro
Authors: Baldwin Gayle R.
Published: April 2013

The "Magic Negro" is a term coined in the 1950s describing Hollywood's portrayal of black men as characters who, although disabled, have supernatural powers that allow them to save lost or broken white men. Here, I compare this "gospel" with that of the Fab 5 (Queer Eye for the Straight Guy), who transform disheveled, uncultured straight men into "chick magnets." This comparison concludes that racial and sexual minorities are acceptable in American popular television and film as long as the salvation and redemption motif of the American myth prevails and white heteronormativity remains unchallenged and privileged.
The Production of Christian Fiction
Authors: Cordero Jonathan
Published: April 2013

Christian novels are not simply the result of an author’s idiosyncratic intentions but are the product of the collective activity of gatekeepers who work within the constraints of the publishing industry and who must attend to the sensitivities of Christian fiction’s vigilant audience. In resolving the tension between ministerial intentions and industry imperatives, the gatekeepers of Christian publishing maintain the general conventions that shape the popular Christian evangelical aesthetic.
Book Reviews
Authors: Wagner Rachel , Matties Gordon , Rycenga Jennifer , Baker Kelly J. , Mason Fred , Helmbold Anita
Published: April 2013

Coates, Paul. Cinema, Religion, and the Romantic Legacy, reviewed by Rachel Wagner

Reinhartz, Adele. Scripture on the Silver Screen, reviewed by Gordon Matties

Sylvan, Robin. Traces of the Spirit: Religious Dimensions of Popular Music, reviewed by Jennifer Rycenga

Plate, S. Brent, ed. Religion, Art, and Visual Culture: A Cross Cultural Reader, reviewed by Kelly J. Baker

Henderson, Robert W. Ball, Bat, and Bishop: The Origin of Ball Games, reviewed by Fred Mason

Neal, Connie, and Samuel F. (Skip) Parvin. The Gospel According to Harry Potter: Leader’s Guide for Group Study, reviewed by Anita Helmbold
Is God in Charge? Mary Doria Russell’s The Sparrow, Deconstruction, and Theodicy
Authors: Warren Martin
Published: April 2013

Mary Doria Russell’s The Sparrow leads the reader to wrestle with how evil, pain, and suffering are explained in theodicy and thus grapples with “the risks and beauties of religious faith.” The sparrow of the novel’s title refers to the insignificant sparrow of Matthew 10:29–31 that is observed and known by God in its fall to earth. In this speculative fiction novel, the Jesuits hear beautiful music transmitted from another planet and send a mission to meet God’s other children. The meeting ends disastrously. Russell encourages us, through the device of the mission, to reflect on our understanding of how God’s will works in the universe.
Between external prescription and local practice	The uses of official knowledge by adult education professionals in Portugal
Authors: Caria Telmo , Cristóvão Artur , Loureiro Armando
Published: April 2013

This article presents the results of research where the main objective was to achieve a better understanding of the uses made by professionals in the adult education sphere of the official knowledge that provides the framework and guidelines for their work. The study was undertaken using Bernsteins theoretical model of the structure of official pedagogical discourse, and employed an essentially ethnographic fieldwork methodology to analyse the work of a team of adult education specialists working in a local development association in the north of Portugal. The results of the study show that the team was able to make both reproductive and recontextualising use of official knowledge, thereby demonstrating that, even in workplaces where external prescription is extremely influential, it is possible to put official knowledge to alternative i.e. more effective, locally-adapted use.
Learning and knowing: Narratives, memory and biographical knowledge in interview interaction
Authors: Evans Rob
Published: April 2013

The qualitative research interview engages with experience of social reality in sites of social interaction. Research interview respondents provide insight in biographical interviews into the significance of critical change processes for their individual and collective learning. Auto/biographical narratives of learning, are emergent, evolving accounts produced in a learning space hedged in by the demands of the "reflexive project of the self" which throw the individual more than ever before in processes of lifelong or life-wide learning onto their biographical resources. These resources can be understood as representing individual learning processes which are capable of furthering the creation of new cultural and social structures of experience, new forms of biographical knowledge which emerge out of the precarious balancing-act between routines and learning transitions. Research interviews embedded in interaction and participant reflexivity, addressing the learning transitions told in talk, access the construction of knowledge as adults move on to new biographical spaces and position themselves anew.
Isolation of Panels of Llama Single-Domain Antibody Fragments Binding All Nine Neuraminidase Subtypes of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Harmsen Michiel , Blokker Juliette , Pritz-Verschuren Sylvia , Bartelink Willem , Van der Burg Herman , Koch Guus
Published: April 2013

Avian influenza A virus comprises sixteen hemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase (NA) subtypes (N1–N9). To isolate llama single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs) against all N subtypes, four llamas were immunized with mixtures of influenza viruses. Selections using influenza virus yielded predominantly VHHs binding to the highly immunogenic HA and nucleoprotein. However, selection using enzymatically active recombinant NA (rNA) protein enabled us to isolate NA binding VHHs. Some isolated VHHs cross-reacted to other N subtypes. These were subsequently used for the capture of N subtypes that could not be produced as recombinant protein (rN6) or were enzymatically inactive (rN1, rN5) in phage display selection, yielding novel VHHs. In total we isolated 188 NA binding VHHs, 64 of which were expressed in yeast. Most VHHs specifically recognize a single N subtype, but some VHHs cross-react with other N-subtypes. At least one VHH bound to all N subtypes, except N4, identifying a conserved antigenic site. Thus, this work (1) describes methods for isolating NA binding VHHs, (2) illustrates the suitability of llama immunization with multiple antigens for retrieving many binders against different antigens and (3) describes 64 novel NA binding VHHs, including a broadly reactive VHH, which can be used in various assays for influenza virus subtyping, detection or serology.
Multiscale Interactions betweenWater and Carbon Fluxes and Environmental Variables in A Central U.S. Grassland
Authors: Brunsell Nathaniel , Wilson Cassandra
Published: April 2013

The temporal interactions between water and carbon cycling and the controlling environmental variables are investigated using wavelets and information theory. We used 3.5 years of eddy covariance station observations from an abandoned agricultural field in the central U.S. Time-series of the entropy of water and carbon fluxes exhibit pronounced annual cycles, primarily explained by the modulation of the diurnal flux amplitude by other variables, such as the net radiation. Entropies of soil moisture and precipitation show almost no annual cycle, but the data were collected during above average precipitation years, which limits the role of moisture stress on the resultant fluxes. We also investigated the information contribution to resultant fluxes from selected environmental variables as a function of time-scale using relative entropy. The relative entropy of latent heat flux and ecosystem respiration show that the radiation terms contribute the most information to these fluxes at scales up to the diurnal scale. Vapor pressure deficit and air temperature contribute to the most information for the gross primary productivity and net ecosystem exchange at the daily time-scale. The relative entropy between the fluxes and soil moisture illustrates that soil moisture contributes information at approximately weekly time-scales, while the relative entropy with precipitation contributes information predominantly at the monthly time-scale. The use of information theory metrics is a relatively new technique for assessing biosphere-atmosphere interactions, and this study illustrates the utility of the approach for assessing the dominant time-scales of these interactions.
Plasma miRNAs as Biomarkers to Identify Patients with Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Watahiki Akira , Macfarlane Robyn , Gleave Martin , Crea Francesco , Wang Yuzhuo , Helgason Cheryl , Chi Kim
Published: April 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of numerous biological processes, and increasing evidence suggests that circulating miRNAs may be useful biomarkers of clinical disease. In this study, we sought to identify plasma miRNAs that differentiate patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) from those with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Pooled plasma samples from patients with localized PCa or mCRPC (25 per group) were assayed using the Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel, and the differential expression of selected candidates was validated using qRT-PCR. We identified 63 miRNAs upregulated in mCRPC versus localized PCa, while only four were downregulated. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed two highly correlated groups: one consisting of miR-141, miR375 and miR-200c and the other including miR151-3p, miR423-3p, miR-126, miR152 and miR-21. A third group, containing miR-16 and miR-205, showed less correlation. One miRNA from each group (miR-141, miR151-3p and miR-16) was used for logistic regression analysis and proved to increase the sensitivity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test alone. While no miRNA alone differentiated localized PCa and mCRPC, combinations had greater sensitivity and specificity. The expression of these 10 candidates was assayed for association with clinical parameters of disease progression through the cBio portal. Our results demonstrate that plasma levels of selected miRNAs are potential biomarkers to differentiate localized PCa and mCRPC.
Regional Deforestation Trends within Local Realities: Land-Cover Change in Southeastern Peru 1996–2011
Authors: Chávez Michaelsen Andrea , Huamani Briceño Leticia , Fernandez Menis Ronny , Bejar Chura Nemin , Valera Tito Frank , Perz Stephen , Brown I. , Domínguez Del Aguila Sandro , Pinedo Mora Raúl , Alarcón Aguirre Gabriel
Published: April 2013

Estimating deforested areas and deforestation rates have become key steps for quantifying environmental services of tropical rain forests, particularly as linked to programs such as Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). In Southeastern Peru, reliable estimates of land-cover change (LCC) are important for monitoring changes in the landscape due to agricultural expansion, pasture creation and other socio-economic influences triggered by the Inter-Oceanic Highway (IOH). Our study reports a land-use/land-cover change (LULCC) analysis during a 15-year period from 1996 to 2011 in the Province of Tahuamanu, Madre de Dios. We draw on multiple years of observations of LULCC to relate changes in land cover to the use of natural resources (pasture, timber, crops and forest products) and tenure types based on their distances from the highway and the Tahuamanu River. We are able to distinguish titled areas for agriculture close to the IOH from other land tenure types such as timber concessions. The findings show that LULCC varies among different types of land tenure and by distance from the highway. Agricultural areas close to transportation infrastructure within 1 km to 5 km buffers have gradually increased in non-forest areas, whereas timber concession areas away from 1 km buffer of secondary roads have maintained forest cover. Riverine settlements show a similar distance effect in forest clearance along rivers as along roads.
A Therapeutic Potential for Marine Skeletal Proteins in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Green David , Padula Matthew , Santos Jerran , Chou Joshua , Milthorpe Bruce , Ben-Nissan Besim
Published: April 2013

A vital ingredient for engineering bone tissue, in the culture dish, is the use of recombinant matrix and growth proteins to help accelerate the growth of cultivated tissues into clinically acceptable quantities. The skeletal organic matrices of calcifying marine invertebrates are an untouched potential source of such growth inducing proteins. They have the advantage of being ready-made and retain the native state of the original protein. Striking evidence shows that skeleton building bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) exist within various marine invertebrates such as, corals. Best practice mariculture and the latest innovations in long-term marine invertebrate cell cultivation can be implemented to ensure that these proteins are produced sustainably and supplied continuously. This also guarantees that coral reef habitats are not damaged during the collection of specimens. Potential proteins for bone repair, either extracted from the skeleton or derived from cultivated tissues, can be identified, evaluated and retrieved using chromatography, cell assays and proteomic methods. Due to the current evidence for bone matrix protein analogues in marine invertebrates, together with the methods established for their production and retrieval there is a genuine prospect that they can be used to regenerate living bone for potential clinical use.
Experimental Studies on Model Reference Adaptive Control with Integral Action Employing a Rotary Encoder and Tachometer Sensors
Authors: Wu Guo-Qiang , Wu Shu-Nan , Bai Yu-Guang , Liu Lei
Published: April 2013

In this paper, an adaptive law with an integral action is designed and implemented on a DC motor by employing a rotary encoder and tachometer sensors. The stability is proved by using the Lyapunov function. The tracking errors asymptotically converge to zero according to the Barbalat lemma. The tracking performance is specified by a reference model, the convergence rate of Lyapunov function is specified by the matrix Q and the control action and the state weighting are restricted by the matrix . The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control. The maximum errors of the position and velocity with the integral action are reduced from 0.4 V and 1.5 V to 0.2 V and 0.4 V, respectively. The adaptive control with the integral action gives satisfactory performance, even when it suffers from input disturbance.
L’immunité de l’État responsable de crimes internationaux devant les juridictions italiennes
Authors: Ciampi Annalisa
Published: April 2013

Par son arrêt du 11 mars 2004 dans l’affaire Ferrini, la Corte di cassazione a déclaré qu’un tribunal italien pouvait connaître de la demande introduite contre la République fédérale d’Allemagne par un ressortissant italien qui, pendant la seconde guerre mondiale, avait été déporté en Allemagne où il avait été contraint au travail forcé. Le principe de l’arrêt Ferrini a été confirmé dans une série d’ordonnances du 29 mai 2008 et dans un arrêt du 21 octobre 2008 rendus par la Corte di cassazione, qui ont écarté l’immunité dont se prévalait l’État allemand à propos des crimes de guerre et contre l’humanité commis par les forces militaires du troisième Reich, en tout ou en partie, sur le territoire italien. La présente étude offre une présentation générale de cette jurisprudence aux fins d’en appréhender les implications ainsi que le fondement juridique.
Vers l’émergence d’un droit individuel à la protection diplomatique ?
Authors: Garibian Sevane
Published: April 2013

S’interroger sur l’utilité contemporaine du concept de protection diplomatique revient à questionner aussi bien l’évolution de son objet que les conséquences d’une telle évolution dans l’exercice du mécanisme mettant en oeuvre le concept. Dans tous les cas, on observe une prise en considération de plus en plus importante des droits subjectifs de la personne privée, ce qui pose surtout la question de savoir s’il n’émergerait pas aujourd’hui un nouveau droit individuel d’origine internationale : le droit à la protection diplomatique. Or l’analyse du projet d’articles adopté par la CDI en 2006, combinée à celle de la jurisprudence internationale et communautaire récente, si elle atteste de la désuétude de la théorie classique de la protection diplomatique, ne permet pas pour autant de conclure à un changement de la nature du mécanisme en question. L’individu reste tributaire de la discrétionnarité du droit étatique d’agir : il ne saurait faire valoir un droit à l’action à proprement parler, même si le pouvoir d’appréciation de l’État de nationalité relativement à l’opportunité de l’action en protection diplomatique est plus cadré.
Aspects historiques et juridiques de la crise géorgienne d’août 2008 : des conflits interethniques à la guerre ouverte avec la Russie
Authors: Robert-Cuendet Sabrina
Published: April 2013

Immediately after the start of fighting between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, Georgia brought actions in several courts to denounce, more or less directly, the destabilization manoeuvres conducted against it by Russia since independence in 1991. This outbreak of hostilities was merely the violent escalation of a much older, silent war preventing Georgia from enjoying full sovereignty. However, the fragility of the Georgian state is also the result of internal struggles by Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two separatist regions that have been claiming their own independence for several years. Both of these aspects must be considered in order to understand the various issues at stake in the current crisis in Georgia.
« Si le fait l’accuse, le résultat l’excuse » : l’arrêt de la CIJ sur les exceptions préliminaires dans l’affaire Croatie/Serbie
Authors: Vaurs-Chaumette Anne-Laure
Published: April 2013

On 18 November 2008, the ICJ ruled that it did have jurisdiction to hear the dispute between Croatia and Serbia, which was accused of violating the 1948 Genocide Convention during the Balkans War. The Court dismissed all of the preliminary objections raised by Serbia. It confirmed first its jurisdiction ratione personae : although Serbia only became a party to the Statute of the Court after the application had been filed, it did have the capacity to act on the day the decision was entered. The Court then acknowledged it had jurisdiction ratione materiae : Serbia has been a party to the Genocide Convention since 27 April 1992 as successor state to the former Yugoslavia. On the objections ratione temporis and the objections relating to the judgment of individuals presumed guilty of international law crimes, to the identification of missing persons and to the return of cultural property, the Court reserved them for examination along with the merits
Retour sur les méthodes de délimitation juridictionnelle d’espaces maritimes mises en oeuvre dans quelques affaires récentes
Authors: Cazala Julien
Published: April 2013

Les procédures contentieuses de délimitation maritime sont toujours l’occasion pour les parties à l’instance et pour les membres de la formation juridictionnelle de débattre de la méthode devant être mise en oeuvre pour aboutir à un résultat équitable. Les trois affaires présentées ne font pas exception à cette règle. Les décisions qui avaient été rendues par la CIJ au cours des années 1990 pouvaient laisser penser que le débat était tranché et que la méthode de l’équidistance/ circonstances pertinentes avait acquis le statut de méthode dominante. Or, la Cour l’écarte dans sa décision Nicaragua/ Honduras de 2007. Certains membres de la Cour s’en sont émus, y voyant la manifestation d’un revirement de jurisprudence. La mise en perspective de cette affaire avec deux autres tranchées en 2006 et 2007 par des tribunaux arbitraux (Barbade/ Trinité et Tobago ; Guyana/ Suriname) montre que le choix de la méthode de délimitation reste largement un espace de liberté pour le juge ou l’arbitre et que la prise en compte des considérations économiques reste marginale dans le processus de délimitation.
La charte africaine de la démocratie, des élections et de la gouvernance
Authors: Tchikaya Blaise
Published: April 2013

The African Union heads of State and government adopted an African Charter of Democracy, Elections and Governance in Addis Abeba (Ethiopia) on 30 January 2007. The political framework in Africa is henceforth supported by an international convention specific to the continent. A movement that manifested itself in Africa back in the early 1990s has led to a shift in the constitutional autonomy of states and an upsurge of international law in their constitutional provisions. Until then, treaties had merely included "democracy guarantee clauses". The adoption of the Charter, already ratified by Mauritania and Ethiopia, opens up a new perspective. The African Union’s Peace and Security Council, the essential body of this new mechanism for democracy, shall have to labour to ensure that it is effective.
« Mille ans de tradition Viking »
Authors: Eude Michel
Published: April 2013

Compte rendu de l'exposition présentée sous ce titre à Paris (Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Pavillon de Marsan) du 26 mars au 20 mai 1954. Après avoir retracé l'évolution de l'art norvégien au cours des deux périodes considérées : époque viking et Moyen ;ige (750- 1300), art paysan de 1700 à 1850 environ, l'article conclut à la continuité de cet art, ainsi qu'en témoignent les thèmes essentiels du dragon et de l'entrelacs.
La vie industrielle à Villedieu-les-Poêles au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Vivier Emile
Published: April 2013

Cette étude, relativement succincte (16 p.), est consacrée aux différentes formes d'artisanat qui firent la réputation de cette petite localité sous l'ancien régime. L'auteur a puisé sa documentation dans une source d'information, jusqu'ici peu utilisée : les archives notariales.

La majeure partie de ce travail concerne l'artisanat du cuivre. Pour chacune des branches de cette industrie : fabrication de poêles, chaudrons, ustensiles de cuisine ; fonderie de boucles, boulons, chandeliers, ferrures d'armoire, clochettes, etc., il s'est appliqué à décrire la méthode de travail (matière première, outillage), le commerce des objets fabriqués, et la condition des artisans (maîtres, compagnons» apprentis). Dans une seconde partie, il a fourni des renseignements nouveaux (puisés à la même source) sur d'autres formes d'artisanat pratiquées secondairement dans cette localité : celles des graveurs et orfèvres, des tanneurs et mégis- siers, des tamisiers et sassiers, des dentellières.

Il a tenu à recueillir et à expliquer les termes techniques, alors en usage, mais qui tendent aujourd'hui à disparaître avec l'utilisation de la cuivrerie.
Les élections de 1824 en Seine-Inférieure
Authors: Putz Henri
Published: April 2013

Après un exposé succinct de la répartition des tendances politiques en Seine - Inférieure au moment des élections de 1824, M. Putz, analyse minutieusement les moyens employés par le préfet du département pour assurer la victoire des royalistes. Ces moyens vont, de rétablissement de listes électorales d'où sont, le plus possible, éliminés les libéraux, à l'organisation très stricte d'un mode de scrutin presque public qui soumet les électeurs au contrôle de royalistes de confiance. La propagande officielle et les pressions individuelles ont libre cours. Le succès couronne une préparation aussi bien conduite et les royalistes remportèrent de loin sur les libéraux. Ce fut d'ailleurs la dernière fois que la volonté royale lut suivie par le corps électoral.
Les influences anglaises dans le développement des grandes charges de l'empire d'Henri II Plantegenêt
Authors: Boussard Jacques
Published: April 2013

En Angleterre, la charge de Justicier, créée par Guillaume le Conquérant parce qu'il était nécessaire qu'il fût remplacé pendant ses séjours en Normandie, vit son rôle réduit par Henri II, au début de son règne ; le roi, désireux de gouverner par lui-même, développa, aux dépens de ceux de Justicier, les pouvoirs de chancelier et même ceux de la reine ; même dans son rôle judiciaire, il le tient en étroite tutelle. Mais en 1173- 1174, au moment de la révolte des barons qui, dans tout l'Empire, met son autorité en péril, le roi est obligé de faire administrer l'Angleterre par le Justicier Richard de Lucé, assisté d'un conseil. Après la pacification, la preuve est faite que le roi ne peut gouverner personnellement toutes ses terres et qu'il doit être remplacé pendant ses absences par un officier muni d'une délégation permanente de pouvoirs. C'est une véritable vice-royauté qui est confiée après 1170 à Renouf de Glanville.

Or, la même évolution se dessine au même moment dans les terres continentales, sans doute en raison du succès de l'expérience tentée en Angleterre. Le Sénéchal de Poitou, le Sénéchal d'Anjou, le Justicier de Normandie, le Sénéchal de Bretagne deviennent, eux aussi, de véritables gouverneurs de provinces, et le roi rétablit même en Normandie la charge de sénéchal qui est jointe, entre les mains de Guillaume Fils-Raoul, à celle de Justicier. A partir de ce moment, l'Empire Plantegenêt est divisé en grands gouvernements provinciaux et devient un véritable Etat.
Les journées de germinal an III dans la zone de ravitaillement de Paris
Authors: Cobb Richard Charles
Published: April 2013

L'auteur cherche, au cours de cette étude, à déterminer dans quelle mesure les émeutes de germinal, an III, furent des manifestations contre-révolutionnaires, fruits d'un complot organisé. La simultanéité de ces mouvements à Rouen, Amiens, Saint-Germain, le Havre et Paris pourrait, en effet, paraître comme la preuve d'une action concertée et bien organisée. Mais après avoir exposé la genèse et le déroulement de ces émeutes, l'auteur conclut que si des « éléments royalistes ou jacobins, selon le cas, ont pu profiter de l'occasion pour donner à l'indignation populaire une certaine expression politique... cela ne doit pas faire oublier que, les uns et les autres, ils avaient faim... ». A cela s'ajoutent d'autres considérations d'ordre psychologique qui contribuèrent à donner à ces journées de germinal leur caractère particulier.
A propos de la maison normande : du Pays de Caux au Bocage Normand
Authors: Musset René
Published: April 2013

Ce n'est pas une description des divers types de maisons, mais une vue d'ensemble et un programme de recherches. Le départ est une élude plus ample du type du Pays de Caux du Sud-Ouest (trois types de « masures », dans l'ordre chronologique : petites groupées en hameaux, petites isolées, grandes isolées ; relations avec la forme et la dimension des champs, le milieu agricole, la répartition de la population, le milieu urbain ; origine, non pas Scandinave, mais au moins gallo-romaine). Ce type rayonne en se dégradant, dans le Caux septentrional, le Pays de Bray, au Sud de la Seine dans le Roumois et même la Plaine du Neubourg. Une transition mène à la maison dispersée des bocages, Pays d'Ouche, Pays d'Auge, Merlerault, Bocage normand. Partout se retrouve la dispersion, plus ou moins accusée, des bâtiments dans une « masure » ou « cour » (ou « plant ») close en herbe. La maison des plaines bas-normandes à cour fermée se complète par une pâture close de murs et s'apparente par là, malgré des différences frappantes, à la famille des maisons normandes. De nouvelles recherches sont nécessaires pour étayer, ou réfuter, ce point de vue.
Hommage à Malherbe
Authors: Lebègue Raymond , Fromilhague René , Mongredien Georges
Published: April 2013

Malherbe a commencé par être un poète du XVIe siècle ; son oeuvre de jeunesse révèle un humanisme où les Italiens viennent relayer les modèles grecs et latins, et un penchant assez prononcé à imiter Ronsard et surtout Desportes ; mais le Malherbe baroque annonce déjà le grand poète qu'il sera plus tard. - A partir de 1605,

herbe est poète de la Cour : il mène une vie matérielle assez étroite, il doit encenser les puissances el se plier aux conventions de l'amour galant ; il n'en affirme pas moins son génie. - Pour l'essentiel de sa doctrine et de son oeuvre, Malherbe apparaît ainsi comme un poète classique ,sa recherche acharnée de la perfec- tion formelle, son désir de faire « moins et meilleur », de soumettre au contrôle de la raison les trouvailles de l'imagination, son aptitude à tirer de l'événement accidentel l'idée générale qu'il suggère : autant de traits qui définissent son classicisme.
Restaurations gallo-romaines à l'Université de Caen
Authors: Van Effenterre Henri
Published: April 2013

Description des restaurations dont ont été l'objet, à l'Université de Caen, le Marbre de Thorigny (238 de notre ère), qui avait été très gravement détérioré en 1944, et la statue de la Déesse-Mère découverte pendant la dernière guerre dans un puits de Saint- Aubin (Calvados).
Notes d'anthroponymie normande. Les noms de personne à Evreux du XIIème au XIVème siècles
Authors: Le Pesant Michel
Published: April 2013

L'étude des noms de baptême portés par la population d'une ville normande pendant trois siècles et une comparaison avec l'état de choses existant dans le même domaine tant en Basse-Normandie qu'à Paris et à Metz permettent à l'auteur d'avoir quelques vues d'ensemble : il a existé en France un vaste mouvement qui a conduit à l'élimination progressive des noms d'origine germanique et à leur remplacement par des noms d'origine chrétienne ; de plus en plus la vogue a joué en faveur de certains noms qui ont bénéficié d'une situation privilégiée et ce dernier phénomène semble s'être produit plus rapidement en Normandie que dans l'est du pays. L'auteur met aussi en valeur la tendance qui a poussé à utiliser pour les femmes les noms mascu- lins féminisés. Un lexique des noms relevés enrichi d'indications statistiques pourra servir aux recherches similaires.
L'évolution politique de la Seine-Inférieure sous la IIIe République
Authors: Mansire Paul
Published: April 2013

L'auteur passe en revue toutes les consultations électorales qui ont eu lieu en Seine-Inférieure de 1871 à 1956, ce qui permet de tracer le tableau de l'évolution des clientèles politiques de ce déparlement pour cette période.
Orientation de l'architecture civile à Caen au temps de la Renaissance
Authors: Gloton Jean-Jacques
Published: April 2013

La Renaissance prolonge ici avec un vocabulaire nouveau, jusqu'aux environs de 1535, la dernière tradition gothique : moment de transition et d'assimilation où triomphe un art d'orfèvre, tout préoc cupé de dessin et de décor. Ce n'est qu'après 1535, autour de l'hôtel d'Escoville que s'instaure un art nouveau qui bouleverse le sens du parti et celui du décor, le sens de la composition et celui des masses, et dégage l'originalité stylistique du classicisme caennais clairement distinct de son répondant royal.
Les forêts du Cotentin en 1665
Authors: Rostand André
Published: April 2013

L'auteur présente et commente trois plans de forêts de la région de Valognes dressés par N. Lallemant, vers 1665, lors de l'enquête prescrite par l'intendant Guy Chamillart.