bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delay Information in Virtual Queues: A Large-Scale Field Experiment on a Major Ride-Sharing Platform
Authors: Yu Qiuping , Zhang Yiming , Zhou Yong-Pin
Published: June 2022

The growing adoption of virtual queues in the service and retail industries has been greatly accelerated in recent times. In collaboration with a major ride-sharing platform, we study how the wait time information (WTI), both its initial magnitude and its subsequent progress over time, impacts customers’ abandonment behavior in virtual queues. The study was conducted through a randomized field experiment that included 1,425,745 rides: one-third of the rides received a neutral WTI, one-third received an optimistic WTI shorter than the neutral WTI (hence less frequent updates), and one-third received a pessimistic WTI (hence more frequent updates). The underlying wait time did not vary across the three groups. We find that both the magnitude of the initial WTI and the update frequency of the WTI have a significant impact on customer abandonment. Specifically, when adjusting the initial WTI by one minute, it did not impact customer abandonment. This is because the magnitude effect of the initial WTI is cancelled out by the opposite update-frequency effect. However, when adjusting the WTI by more than one minute, the magnitude effect dominates: when comparing the pessimistic WTI of four minutes with the neutral initial WTI of two minutes, five minutes with three minutes, and eight minutes with five minutes, customers’ likelihood to abandon increases by 6.2%, 14.1%, and 19.6%, respectively. Similar but opposite effects are found when comparing the optimistic WTI with the neutral WTI. We discuss how firms can use our findings and insights to design and operate better virtual queues.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
oikeiosis e justiça social
Authors: Fontoura Fernando
Published: June 2022

Nos dias hoje, temos uma herança muito forte das concepções de indivíduo que advêm do romantismo, onde o subjetivismo toma corpo e a condição individual se descola da questão social, inclusive a contrapondo como barreira para o desenvolvimento da condição humana individual. A partir do romantismo a afirmação do indivíduo (e de sua expressividade “autêntica”) se dá em função de uma fundamentação de si mesmo, da sua relação com seu estilo de vida, tornando-se, assim, uma questão estética individualizada. Abre-se mão do fundo estruturante do social, do cosmos. Com o passar do tempo, até a contemporaneidade, no máximo, essa estética de si se dá dentro de uma tribo, um núcleo normativo/axiológico/estético/sentimental restrito. Então, como pensar a implicação de uma justiça em um mundo onde o indivíduo se coloca acima ou além (ou aquém) de qualquer questão social mais ampla? Para tanto, incluiremos neste artigo o termo estoico oikeiōsis (οἰκείωσις), um conceito fundamental da ética dessa escola na qual, à qual, em sua derivação, leva ao conceito de justiça no estoicismo. No século I d.C, nos fragmentos de Hiérocles, a oikeiōsis tem sua concepção social mais desenvolvida. A oikeiōsis tem um caráter duplo, tanto de desenvolvimento de uma ética de si quanto o da justiça social no sentido de implicação do indivíduo em um cosmos e seu papel nele. Portanto, neste artigo, vamos tentar explorar como fazer uma relação desse conceito com a questão da justiça social nos dias de hoje.
TEORIA E POLÍTICA: DERRIDA VS. SARTRE
Authors: Milovic Miroslav
Published: June 2022

A história da filosofia afirmou a primazia do significado. O que acontece no mundo são as manifestações dos significantes que passam e as manifestações do significado dominante que ficam. Na época dos gregos, o significante foi o logos; na época dos cristãos, Deus; na época dos modernos, o espírito hegeliano. Nesse contexto, Hegel, como os cristãos, fala sobre o mundo no sentido da falta. O presente artigo investiga a questão da diferença a partir da fenomenologia e da desconstrução. Para isso, apresenta uma interlocução crítica entre os principais filósofos da modernidade. As questões abertas pela diferença ontológica fortalecem o projeto de Derrida e a discussão sobre a linguagem e a consciência. O significado, o idêntico, sempre tem que ser mediado pelo significante, pelo diferente. Assim, será possível confrontar a cultura identitária e colonizadora e promover entusiasmo neste tempo de desastre e resignação.
A Noção de Cuidado em Ser e Tempo
Authors: Cominetti Geder Paulo Friedrich
Published: June 2022

O artigo explora a fórmula do cuidado (sorge) em Ser e Tempo. Embora seu fundamento esteja vincado na temporalidade, a abordagem do artigo se dá sob a perspectiva de mostrá-lo como a estrutura do existencial ser-no-mundo. Não adentra, portanto, à temática de sua fundamentação. A pesquisa responde de maneira satisfatória ao problema do cuidado como estrutura fenomenológica, que dista do usual termo para tratar, tutelar ou proteger. Metodologicamente, pretende-se abordar o tema ao explicar a básica estrutura ser-no-mundo como fundamento na abertura dos entes intramundanos. Posta essa estrutura, o tema do cuidado será abordado em sintonia com ela. O tema da abertura de mundo como compreensão (projeto e interpretação) é seguido do tema das tonalidades afetivas e do discurso. Como são existenciais concomitantes, sua articulação se mostrará como unidade na fórmula do cuidado.
A IMATERIALIDADE DA MÚSICA: UMA GEOGRAFIA FEITA DE SONS E SOMBRAS
Authors: De Andrade Julia Santos Cossermelli , Panitz Lucas Manassi , Dozena Alessandro , Arosteguy Agustín
Published: June 2022

Apresentação do número 50 feita pelos editores convidados.
GEOGRAFIA DA MÚSICA: UM BALANÇO DE TRINTA ANOS DE PESQUISAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Panitz Lucas Manassi
Published: June 2022

A geografia da música se constituiu nas últimas décadas como um promissor campo de pesquisas nos países do norte global, e mais recentemente no Brasil, contribuindo para a compreensão das relações entre espaço e cultura. Neste texto vou abordar o tema por três eixos. O primeiro trata de um breve histórico do desenvolvimento desse campo na passagem dos séculos XIX e XX a partir de geógrafos e etnólogos. O segundo trata especificamente das geografias anglófona e francófona e seus principais autores. Por fim, o terceiro eixo traz uma revisão dos trinta anos de pesquisa sobre geografia da música no Brasil, expondo a diversidade de abordagens teóricas e interesses. Os dados levantados revelam mais setenta teses e dissertações defendidas, organização de coletâneas, dossiês em revistas científicas e eventos, evidenciando uma recente institucionalização desse campo na ciência geográfica brasileira. Neste sentido, argumento que a geografia tem contribuído para os estudos da música ao registrar e analisar a sociedade brasileira e sua música na perspectiva de sua espacialidade
MÚSICA, ETNOGRAFIA E COLONIALIDADE: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES
Authors: Fonseca Edilberto José De Macedo
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo visa trazer ao debate questões relacionadas à algumas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas que academicamente têm sido adotadas para tratar a interação entre prática musical, pesquisa etnográfica de campo e territorialidade, no contexto da Modernidade europeia (DUSSEL, 1983), fruto e base do projeto colonial. Em nome desse projeto, instaurou-se um novo regime civilizatório às regiões colonizadas, tendo na universidade um dos mecanismos legitimadores de invisibilizações e hierarquizações de saberes e fazeres musicais locais, fosse de povos originários ou grupos sociais subalternizados. A compartimentalização do conhecimento em disciplinas acadêmicas fez da universidade espaço de segregação e, ao mesmo tempo, conservação de uma Musicologia monoepistêmica. As práticas etnográficas têm aberto o ambiente acadêmico à novas experiências por meio de contatos com práxis musicais exógenas. Finalmente pretendemos debater de que modo a criação de novos dispositivos de reprodução sonora, a intensificação dos fluxos humanos, materiais e simbólicos trazidos pela globalização (SANTOS, 1994), aliados ao crescente ativismo de diversos agentes sociais, vêm impulsionando a meio acadêmico a rever heranças deixadas pela colonialidade.
URBANISMO MUSICAL EN AMÉRICA: HISTORIA DE UN ITINERARIO INTELECTUAL
Authors: Espinosa Christian Spencer
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo trata das disciplinas e conceitos que abordam a relação entre música e espaço durante as últimas décadas no continente americano. Chamo esse campo de "urbanismo musical" entendendo-o como uma subdisciplina não unitária resultante dos processos de pluri e interdisciplinaridade das áreas que estudam o som na cidade e seu impacto nas pessoas e grupos sociais. Meu objetivo é demonstrar a existência de uma área cinzenta e interdisciplinar que vem crescendo nas últimas décadas, apesar de ter mais de meio século de desenvolvimento nas margens disciplinares. O texto está organizado em tres partes. Na primeira faço um itinerário intelectual da relação entre os estudos musicais e urbanos, dando particular ênfase à geografia da música e à etnomusicologia urbana nos Estados Unidos e na América Latina. Na segunda, sintetizo os principais conceitos em torno dos quais esta área se desenvolveu, como espaço, cena, cluster e festivalização, incluindo as ideias secundárias em que se baseiam, como consumo, redes ou economias criativas. Por fim, nas conclusões, destaco a importância da música como forma de criação de valor no espaço devido à sua capacidade de gerar bens, formas de consumo e emoções de natureza diversa, destacando que tal valor foi ampliado com o desenvolvimento do espaço nas ciências sociais e no feminismo global e regional.
SOU BIXA SIM! E DAÍ? O ORGULHO LGBT À CARIOCA
Authors: Abranches Junior Nilton , De Almeida Neto Arthur Marques , De Freitas Laleska Costa
Published: June 2022

O Brasil se apresenta enquanto um país que não promove a existência de pessoas de LGBT+. O trato dispensado a discriminação por orientação sexual e por identidade de gênero tem sido irrisório em comparação a violência que pessoas fora da heteronormatividade tem sofrido em suas vidas cotidianas. Este processo de violência leva a injustiça espacial e a movimentos organizados de resistência. A Parada do Orgulho LGBT é a mais importante ação em busca de visibilidade. A cidade do Rio de Janeiro apresenta uma multiplicidade de Paradas. O objetivo deste trabalho é entender o que leva a essa articulação no espaço urbano da cidade. Estabeleceu-se o ano de 2017 como sendo o marco temporal do trabalho em função da ascensão do Bispo Marcelo Crivella ao comando da cidade. Percebeu-se diferentes articulações globais locais na promoção da visibilidade da causa LGBT+ na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Deuses e o Cosmos: Breve Análise Sobre a Noção de Divindade na Filosofia de Epicuro
Authors: Pereira André Oliveira , S. Santiago Fydel
Published: June 2022

A noção de divindade em Epicuro rompe com as crenças vulgar e astral presentes em sua época. A primeira por ter uma noção irreal sobre a divindade e a segunda por retirar a liberdade do homem. Epicuro não desconsidera a existência das divindades, mas afirma que a noção sobre elas não corresponde à verdade.
Garum, Fonte de Proteína dos Romanos
Authors: Duprat Paulo Pires
Published: June 2022

Neste artigo vamos apresentar os resultados preliminares da pesquisa de doutorado, cujo tema principal é o garum romano. A ideia é fazer uma abordagem sobre as últimas novidades acerca da trajetória histórica do garum no entorno do Mediterrâneo, com especial atenção para a Hispânia no período do Principado. Nosso objetivo é oferecer um estudo de cunho multidisciplinar capaz de dar nexo à imensa quantidade de dados gerados sobre o tema nas últimas décadas, buscando mudar a persistente noção de que o consumo de garum estaria reservado às elites, apresentando evidências literárias e arqueológicas que comprovam que o produto foi um fenômeno técnico e comercial multifacetado, uma fonte de proteína de baixo custo para o povo romano, empacotada e despachada a longa distância, sob o bojo de um processo histórico cujos desdobramentos ainda podem ser sentidos.
O Poder de Eros e a Deficiência de Phronesis: a imagem de si de Hêmon e Creonte Lida a Partir do Agon, no Terceiro Episódio da Tragédia Antígona (442/0 a.C.), de Sófocles
Authors: De Miranda Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho, fruto de dissertação de mestrado, apresenta e discute alguns elementos que compõem a imagem de si dos agentes Creonte e Hêmon na disputa argumentativa do terceiro episódio da tragédia Antígona (442/0 a.C.), de Sófocles (496 – 406/5 a.C.). A hipótese levantada é a da mutabilidade de imagem de si projetada pelos agentes ao longo do desenvolvimento da trama. Para tanto, são analisadas as rhêseis de ambos agentes. Pelo caráter judiciário da contenda, optou-se pela utilizar como elemento norteador o conceito de êthos a partir da Retórica, de Aristóteles, marcando uma aproximação entre tragédia e retórica a partir da linguagem. Conclui-se que os agentes passam por um processo de transformação de seus éthe: Creonte passa a apresentar uma imagem que se caracteriza pela deficiência de temperança em detrimento da imagem de orador e estadista experiente no uso da palavra; Hémon, inicialmente caracterizado pela moderação, sucumbe à potência de Eros.
SISTEMA DE PRECEDENTES NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL: FUNDAMENTAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL E PONTOS CRÍTICOS DE SUA RECEPÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Cardoso Antunes da Cunha Guilherme , Carvalho Carolina Teles
Published: June 2022

A partir do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, foi inserido no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro um procedimento de vinculação de decisões judiciais, que tem sido denominado, por parte da doutrina, como sistema de precedentes. Em linhas gerais, os juízes deverão observar precedentes e súmulas, na forma disciplinada pelo artigo 927 do diploma processual. Houve uma nítida influência do common law na construção da sistemática, o que demanda a compreensão de institutos próprios do direito anglo-americano. Igualmente relevante, especialmente no Brasil, a distinção entre precedente e súmula. Portanto, além do resgate de institutos jurídicos fundamentais do common law, busca-se identificar a justificação constitucional de padrões decisórios no Brasil, a partir dos princípios da igualdade e segurança jurídica. Na sequência, foram examinados dispositivos centrais do Código de Processo Civil referentes ao estudo proposto, sendo possível evidenciar que a postura não-interpretativista dos juristas poderá fulminar os próprios princípios fundantes do sistema de precedentes.
DO MODO DE SE PROCEDER A COLAÇÃO E A ANTINOMIA EXISTENTE ENTRE O CÓDIGO CIVIL E O CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Walsir Edson , De Castro Capute Vitória
Published: June 2022

O modo de se proceder a colação vem sendo objeto de sucessivas alterações pela legislação civil e processual civil. Atualmente, enquanto o Código Civil de 2002 prevê como regra a colação por estimação, pelo valor atribuído à época da liberalidade, o Código de Processo Civil de 2015 institui como regra a colação por substância e, subsidiariamente, por estimação pelo valor à época do falecimento. Nesse cenário, o presente artigo, que emprega a pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial como procedimentos metodológicos, busca identificar qual a solução para a antinomia jurídica existente entre o Código Civil e o Código de Processo Civil.
A aplicação da tese firmada em incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas aos juizados especiais estaduais
Authors: Pugliese William Soares , Lara Juliane Guiessmann de
Published: June 2022

A instituição infralegal dos Juizados Especiais na década de 1980 e sua posterior previsão constitucional permitiram a judicialização de causas antes não submetidas ao Poder Judiciário. Com o aumento exponencial do número de processos ocorrido nos últimos trinta anos, o legislador passou a buscar mecanismos de racionalização do trâmite processual. Dentre eles, o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas, instituto inédito inserido no sistema processual pelo CPC/2015. Nessas circunstâncias, a questão discutida neste trabalho diz respeito à possibilidade de extensão da tese jurídica firmada em IRDR aos Juizados Especiais Estaduais, órgão que recebe grande parte das demandas repetitivas em matérias sensíveis ao exercício da cidadania.
JURISPRUDÊNCIA, PRECEDENTE E SÚMULA NO CPC/2015: PROPOSTA DE INTERPRETAÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA DO ARTIGO 927
Authors: Asperti Maria Cecília De Araujo , Delboni Beatriz Krebs
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho busca interpretar alguns dispositivos do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 (CPC/2015), em especial o artigo 927, tendo em vista a diversidade de seus provimentos e a dificuldade de sua compreensão na prática. Para tanto, propõe-se a sua leitura em conjunto com outros institutos processuais do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A partir das hipóteses de cabimento de cada um deles, conclui-se que os provimentos do artigo 927 apresentam graus de vinculação distintos, divididos em vinculatividade “fraca”, “média” e “forte”. Por fim, observa-se que esse dispositivo é essencialmente simbólico, apenas reforçando o que outros artigos já previam, e que o CPC/2015 tem um viés muito mais gerencial do que de buscar mecanismos que versem sobre normatividade e fortalecimento da ideia de precedentes propriamente ditos.
DIREITO JURISPRUDENCIAL, GEOJURISPRUDÊNCIA E VETORES DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO: ALGUNS DIÁLOGOS ENTRE DIREITO E GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Reis Rhuan Filipe Montenegro dos , Dezan Sandro Lúcio
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo tem o escopo de discutir a noção de geojurisprudência. Busca-se tecer considerações propedêuticas de uma proeminente lacuna de pesquisa consubistanciada na necessidade de identificaçã odos contornos da conjugação entre espaço geográfico e suas remodelações à luz da globalização, para a definição de uma geojurisprudência em sentido estrito. Na primeira etapa, investigar-se-á os vetores da globalização enquanto componentes dos horizontes interpretativos dos julgadores e, em segundo momento, serão propostas as acepções e possíveis sentidos de geojurisprudência, por meio de uma revisão literária narrativa que considere os aportes do Direito, da ciência hermenêutica e dinâmicas geográficas, para concluir a central acepção do conceito de geojurisprudência.
A OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO CIVIL EXECUTIVO POR MEIO DO PRINCÍPIO DA BOA-FÉ
Authors: Medeiros Neto Elias Marques de , Lima Gustavo Rodrigues dos Santos
Published: June 2022

O Código de Processo Civil de 2015 relaciona vários princípios a serem observados em sua aplicação, entre eles o da boa-fé, tratado aqui em sua vertente objetiva, determinando uma atuação leal por todos aqueles que venham a se relacionar com uma demanda. O presente artigo, metodologicamente valendo-se de detida análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial (pátria e internacional) sobre o tema, procura demonstrar a influência desse princípio no âmbito da execução civil visando otimizá-la, concluindo que a objetivação de condutas na fase satisfativa diminui os expedientes que tenham intuito de protelar o andamento a execução, permitindo a tomada de decisões em menor tempo no que toca à fraude à execução ou aquisição de bens dos executados por terceiros.
FOC winding defect detection based on improved texture features and
low-rank representation model
Authors: Chen Xiaole , Yang Ruifeng , Guo Chenxia , Zhang Qianchuang
Published: June 2022

The
defect detection of
fiber-optic coils (FOCs) plays an important role in the quality
control of the FOC production. In order to overcome the problems of
poor performance and low reliability of existing methods, this paper
provides a solution for winding defect detection of FOCs based on
low-rank representation (LRR) technology. First, we design a feature
matrix, which represents the image. Then the LRR model is employed to
formulate the defect detection task as a problem of low rank and
sparse matrix decomposition. Meanwhile, Laplacian regularization is
introduced as a smoothness constraint to expand the distance between
defect regions and low-rank background. Experiments are performed on a
real dataset to verify the algorithm. The results show that the
proposed winding defect detection method of FOCs achieves the highest
detection accuracy and lowest false alarm rate compared to other
methods, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Relationship between the sensitivity and beam splitting ratio, conversion efficiency, and local oscillator power in balanced detection
Authors: Wu Cong , Zhang Xiaoxia , Zhou Jiangtao , Zou Lingbo , Yan Rui
Published: June 2022

Balanced detection, which is becoming increasingly essential for wireless communication and optical fiber communication, has been extensively studied in recent years. However, the relationships between the sensitivity and the other parameters have not yet been comprehensively ascertained. In this work, the relationship between the sensitivity and the local oscillator power

P

l
o

, consistency parameter

Δ
α

, and beam splitting ratio

ε

in balanced detection is explored through numerical and communication system simulations. If

ε

decreases, the sensitivity increases, and the corresponding

P

l
o

decreases. With the increase or decrease in

Δ
α

,

ε

corresponding to the minimum sensitivity shifts toward the right or left, respectively. This shift increases with the increase in the absolute value of

Δ
α

, and the minimum value of the sensitivity increases. When the absolute values of

Δ
α

are equal, their curves are almost symmetrical. As

ε

approaches 0.5, the tolerable maximum of

P

l
o

becomes higher. At any instant, the average value of the quantum efficiency of the two photodiodes is more critical than the maximum quantum efficiency and balance. This work facilitates thorough understanding of the sensitivity of balanced detection, which can be beneficial for future optical communication design.
Parallel optical hash function based on the interaction between linearly polarized light and multiple-scattering media
Authors: Chen Jiayu , He Wenqi
Published: June 2022

A method is proposed for constructing a cryptographic hash function based on the interaction between linearly polarized light and multiple-scattering media in a parallel fashion. It is well known that an unpredictable noise-like speckle pattern will appear when a light beam passes through a scattering medium. By leveraging this natural optical-encoding mechanism, we developed a paralleled algorithm to construct an optical hash function. It was shown by numerical simulation to have a high security level. Furthermore, in the proposed conceptual optical–digital setup, a strategy for multiplexing linearly polarized light was introduced to accelerate data processing.
Irradiance probability density function for turbulence induced fading in free space optics
Authors: Shishter Yousef M. , Young Rupert , Ali Falah H.
Published: June 2022

A model for the irradiance probability density function for turbulence
induced fading in free space optical communications is derived. The
derivations are based on expanding on the extended Rytov method by
associating a doubly stochastic process to model large scale
scintillation. In particular, the small scale induced irradiance
fluctuations are modeled by a single gamma distribution, while the
large scale induced fluctuations are modeled as a doubly stochastic
process of gamma and inverted gamma distributions, thus better
approximating the lognormal distribution. The resultant distribution’s
probability density and cumulative density functions are both given in
closed forms. Moreover, the resultant model parameters are given based
on strong scintillation theory. Through comparison with previously
published results and experimental data, including lognormal and
gamma–gamma distributions, it is concluded that the proposed model
agrees well with measurements for weak and strong scintillation
conditions in cases of both aperture averaging and a point like
receiver. Therefore, the proposed model can be used for the
performance analysis of optical wireless systems.
Observation of optical precursors in free space
Authors: Wu Kedi , Hong Binbin , Qiu Yanbing , Zhu Jiaqi , Wang Neng , Wang Guo Ping
Published: June 2022

When an electromagnetic pulse is incident into a dispersive medium, a kind of precursor can be excited. However, precursors in free space have not yet been investigated so far, because free space is nondispersive for propagating waves. Here, we theoretically reveal that, by launching evanescent waves into free space, optical precursors can be excited and observed as an optical beat in the time domain in the far field, with a one-to-one mapping relationship between the beating frequencies and the transverse wavenumbers of evanescent waves, which can be used to retrieve, in principle, a resolution far beyond the diffraction limit carried by the evanescent waves. The structural dispersion of free space to evanescent waves contributes to the precursors. Numerical simulations in the optical band and proof-of-principle experiments in the terahertz regime confirm the theoretical predictions.
Semantic ghost imaging based on recurrent-neural-network
Authors: He Yuchen , Duan Sihong , Yuan Yuan , Chen Hui , Li Jianxing , Xu Zhuo
Published: June 2022

Ghost imaging (GI) illuminates an object with a sequence of light patterns and obtains the corresponding total echo intensities with a bucket detector. The correlation between the patterns and the bucket signals results in the image. Due to such a mechanism different from the traditional imaging methods, GI has received extensive attention during the past two decades. However, this mechanism also makes GI suffer from slow imaging speed and poor imaging quality. In previous work, each sample, including an illumination pattern and its detected bucket signal, was treated independently with each other. The correlation is therefore a linear superposition of the sequential data. Inspired by human’s speech, where sequential words are linked with each other by a certain semantic logic and an incomplete sentence could still convey a correct meaning, we here propose a different perspective that there is potentially a non-linear connection between the sequential samples in GI. We therefore built a system based on a recurrent neural network (RNN), called GI-RNN, which enables recovering high-quality images at low sampling rates. The test with MNIST’s handwriting numbers shows that, under a sampling rate of 1.28%, GI-RNN have a 12.58 dB higher than the traditional basic correlation algorithm and a 6.61 dB higher than compressed sensing algorithm in image quality. After trained with natural images, GI-RNN exhibits a strong generalization ability. Not only does GI-RNN work well with the standard images such as “cameraman”, but also it can recover the natural scenes in reality at the 3% sampling rate while the SSIMs are greater than 0.7.
Focus-engineered sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation microscope
Authors: Manattayil Jyothsna Konkada , A. S. Lal Krishna , Biswas Rabindra , Kim Hyunmin , Raghunathan Varun
Published: June 2022

We experimentally demonstrate sub-diffraction imaging in infrared-sensitive third-order sum frequency generation (TSFG) microscope using focal-field engineering technique. The TSFG interaction studied here makes use of two mid infrared photons and a single 1040 nm pump photon to generate up-converted visible photons. Focal field engineering scheme is implemented using a Toraldo-style single annular phase mask imprinted on the 1040 nm beam using a spatial light modulator. The effect of focal field engineered excitation beam on the non-resonant-TSFG process is studied by imaging isolated silicon sub-micron disks and periodic grating structures. Maximum reduction in the measured TSFG central-lobe size by ∼43% with energy in the central lobe of 35% is observed in the presence of phase mask. Maximum contrast improvement of 30% is observed for periodic grating structures. Furthermore, to validate the infrared sensitivity of the focus engineered TSFG microscope, we demonstrate imaging of amorphous Germanium-based guided-mode resonance structures, and polystyrene latex beads probed near the O-H vibrational region. We also demonstrate the utility of the focus engineered TSFG microscope for high resolution imaging of two-dimensional layered material. Focus-engineered TSFG process is a promising imaging modality that combines infrared selectivity with improved resolution and contrast, making it suitable for nanostructure and surface layer imaging.
Sub-diffraction-limit light sheet enabled by a super-oscillatory lens with an enlarged field of view and depth of focus
Authors: He Pei , Li Wenli , An Chengxu , Sun Xu , Yuan Weizheng , Yu Yiting
Published: June 2022

Static light sheets are widely used in various super-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging applications. Here, a multifocal diffraction-free optimized design method is proposed for super-oscillatory lenses (SOLs) owning an enlarged field of view (FOV) to generate sub-diffraction-limit light sheets with reduced divergence. Various propagation lengths of sub-diffraction-limit thickness for light sheets can be obtained by adopting corresponding numbers of discrete foci and spacing between them. In particular, the propagation lengths of 150.4λ and 118.9λ are obtained by SOLs with an enlarged FOV of 150λ and 820λ, respectively, which show the longest depth of focus (DOF), as far as we know, and are the first to realize the combination of enlarged DOF and FOV for SOLs. We show a way of using binary-amplitude modulation to generate static light sheets with sub-diffraction-limit thickness and reduced divergence, which is simple, easy to integrate, and sidelobe-suppressed.
Multi-wavelength injection locked semiconductor comb laser
Authors: Chen Jia-Jian , Wei Wen-Qi , Qin Jia-Le , Yang Bo , Huang Jing-Zhi , Wang Zi-Hao , Wang Ting , Yu Chang-Yuan , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: June 2022

Quantum dot lasers on silicon have gained significant interest over the past decade due to their great potential as an on-chip silicon photonic light source. Here, we demonstrate multi-wavelength injection locking of InAs/GaAs quantum dot Fabry–Perot (FP) lasers both on GaAs and silicon substrates by optical self-injection via an external cavity. The number of locked laser modes can be adjusted from a single peak to multiple peaks by tuning wavelength dependent phase and mode spacing of back-injected light through a Lyot filter. The multi-wavelength injection locked laser modes exhibit average optical linewidth of

∼
20
  
kHz

, which are narrowed by approximately three orders of magnitude from their free-running condition. Furthermore, multi-wavelength self-injection locking via an external cavity exhibits flat-top optical spectral properties with approximately 30 stably locked channels under stable operation over time, where the frequency detuning is less than 700 MHz within 40 min. Particularly, FP lasers by direct epitaxial growth on silicon substrates are self-injection locked as a flat-top comb source with tunable free spectral range from approximately 25 to 700 GHz. The reported results emphasize the great potential of multi-wavelength injection locked lasers as tunable on-chip multi-wavelength light sources.
Cargo surface fluidity can reduce inter-motor mechanical interference, promote load-sharing and enhance processivity in teams of molecular motors
Authors: Sarpangala Niranjan , Gopinathan Ajay
Published: June 2022

In cells, multiple molecular motors work together as teams to carry cargoes such as vesicles and organelles over long distances to their destinations by stepping along a network of cytoskeletal filaments. How motors that typically mechanically interfere with each other, work together as teams is unclear. Here we explored the possibility that purely physical mechanisms, such as cargo surface fluidity, may potentially enhance teamwork, both at the single motor and cargo level. To explore these mechanisms, we developed a three dimensional simulation of cargo transport along microtubules by teams of kinesin-1 motors. We accounted for cargo membrane fluidity by explicitly simulating the Brownian dynamics of motors on the cargo surface and considered both the load and ATP dependence of single motor functioning. Our simulations show that surface fluidity could lead to the reduction of negative mechanical interference between kinesins and enhanced load sharing thereby increasing the average duration of single motors on the filament. This, along with a cooperative increase in on-rates as more motors bind leads to enhanced collective processivity. At the cargo level, surface fluidity makes more motors available for binding, which can act synergistically with the above effects to further increase transport distances though this effect is significant only at low ATP or high motor density. Additionally, the fluid surface allows for the clustering of motors at a well defined location on the surface relative to the microtubule and the fluid-coupled motors can exert more collective force per motor against loads. Our work on understanding how teamwork arises in cargo-coupled motors allows us to connect single motor properties to overall transport, sheds new light on cellular processes, reconciles existing observations, encourages new experimental validation efforts and can also suggest new ways of improving the transport of artificial cargo powered by motor teams.
Acetylsalicylic acid use is associated with reduced risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: Real-world data from a population-based study
Authors: Eroglu Talip E. , Blom Marieke T. , Souverein Patrick C. , Yasmina Alfi , de Boer Anthonius , Tan Hanno L. ,   for the ESCAPE-NET investigators
Published: June 2022

Aim

Activated blood platelet products facilitate myocardial intracellular Ca2+ overload, thereby provoking afterdepolarizations and increasing susceptibility of ischemic myocardium to ventricular fibrillation (VF). These effects are counteracted in vitro by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), but no prior study investigated whether ASA is associated with decreased out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) risk on a population level. Therefore, we studied whether ASA and other antiplatelet drugs (carbasalate calcium, clopidogrel) are associated with decreased risk of OHCA.

Methods

We conducted a population-based case-control study among individuals (772 OHCA-cases with documented VT/VF, 2444 non-OHCA-controls) who had used antiplatelet drugs in the year before index-date (OHCA-date), and studied the association between current antiplatelet drug use and OHCA-risk with multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

ASA use was associated with reduced OHCA-risk (adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 0.6 [0.5–0.8]), and more so in women (ORadj 0.3 [0.2–0.6]) than in men (ORadj 0.7 [0.5–0.95], Pinteraction 0.021). Carbasalate calcium was associated with decreased OHCA-risk in women (ORadj 0.5 [0.3–0.9]), but not in men (ORadj 1.3 [0.96–1.7], Pinteraction 0.005). Clopidogrel was not associated with reduction in OHCA-risk. Risk reduction associated with ASA in patients with OHCA was similar in the presence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (ORadj 0.6 [0.4–0.9]) and in the absence of AMI (ORadj 0.7 [0.4–1.2]).

Conclusion

ASA use was associated with reduced OHCA-risk in both sexes, and more so in women, while carbasalate calcium only protected women. Clopidogrel was not associated with reduced OHCA-risk.
Physiological aging around the World
Authors: Dalgaard Carl-Johan , Hansen Casper Worm , Strulik Holger
Published: June 2022

We extract data on physiological aging by computing a frailty index for 201 countries over the period 1990–2019. Using panel estimation techniques, we show that the macro frailty index replicates basic regularities previously observed in related studies of aging at the individual level. We then use the frailty index to highlight trends of global physiological aging and its relationship to economic growth. Holding population age structure fixed, the global frailty index has on average increased by about 2 percent over the last 30 years. The average person has therefore aged by what corresponds to about one life-year of physiological aging. This overall trend is relatively similar across different geographical regions. We also document a negative relationship between physiological aging of the workforce and economic growth. According to our preferred specification, a one percent increase in the frailty index of the workforce is associated with a 1.5 percent decline of GDP per capita. This means that average annual growth of labor productivity would have been 0.1 percentage points higher without physiological aging in the period 1990-2019.
Monitoring the emotional facial reactions of individuals with antisocial personality disorder during the retrieval of self-defining memories
Authors: Lavallee Audrey , Pham Thierry. H. , Gandolphe Marie-Charlotte , Saloppé Xavier , Ott Laurent , Nandrino Jean-Louis
Published: June 2022

While a deficit in the recognition of facial expression has been demonstrated in persons with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), few studies have investigated how individuals with ASPD produce their own emotional facial expressions. This study examines the production of facial emotional expressions of male inpatients with ASPD in a forensic hospital compared with a control group as they retrieve autobiographical memories. This design constitutes a specific ecological experimental approach fostering the evocation of personal feelings. Two indicators characterizing the activation of facial expression were used: activation of emotional action units and emotional dominance. The results showed that individuals with ASPD 1) activated angrier facial expressions than control participants for both indicators, 2) displayed a higher dominance of angry facial expressions during the retrieval of positive self-defining memories than control participants and 3) recalled significant memories that were less associated with neutral facial states than the control sample, regardless of the valence of their memories. These findings highlight the core role of anger in ASPD and the possible development of pathological anger, which would distinguish trajectories toward anxious or mood disorders and trajectories characterized by external disorders.
Methodological approaches for assessing certainty of the evidence in umbrella reviews: A scoping review
Authors: Sadoyu Saranrat , Tanni Kaniz Afroz , Punrum Nontaporn , Paengtrai Sobhon , Kategaew Warittakorn , Promchit Nattiwat , Lai Nai Ming , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Ngorsuraches Surachat , Bangpan Mukdarut , Veettil Sajesh , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The number of umbrella reviews (URs) that compiled systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SR-MAs) has increased dramatically over recent years. No formal guidance for assessing the certainty of evidence in URs of meta-analyses exists nowadays. URs of non-interventional studies help establish evidence linking exposure to certain health outcomes in a population. This study aims to identify and describe the methodological approaches for assessing the certainty of the evidence in published URs of non-interventions.

Methods

We searched from 3 databases including PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from May 2010 to September 2021. We included URs that included SR-MAs of studies with non-interventions. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data. We compared URs characteristics stratified by publication year, journal ranking, journal impact factor using Chi-square test.

Results

Ninety-nine URs have been included. Most were SR-MAs of observational studies evaluating association of non-modifiable risk factors with some outcomes. Only half (56.6%) of the included URs assessed the certainty of the evidence. The most frequently used criteria is credibility assessment (80.4%), followed by GRADE approach (14.3%). URs published in journals with higher journal impact factor assessed certainty of evidence than URs published in lower impact group (77.1 versus 37.2% respectively, p < 0.05). However, criteria for credibility assessment used in four of the seven URs that were published in top ranking journals were slightly varied.

Conclusions

Half of URs of MAs of non-interventional studies have assessed the certainty of the evidence, in which criteria for credibility assessment was the commonly used method. Guidance and standards are required to ensure the methodological rigor and consistency of certainty of evidence assessment for URs.
DOPE++: 6D pose estimation algorithm for weakly textured objects based on deep neural networks
Authors: Jin Mei , Li Jiaqing , Zhang Liguo
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on 6D pose estimation for weakly textured targets from RGB-D images. A 6D pose estimation algorithm (DOPE++) based on a deep neural network for weakly textured objects is proposed to solve the poor real-time pose estimation and low recognition efficiency in the robot grasping process of parts with weak texture. More specifically, we first introduce the depthwise separable convolution operation to lighten the original deep object pose estimation (DOPE) network structure to improve the network operation speed. Second, an attention mechanism is introduced to improve network accuracy. In response to the low recognition efficiency of the original DOPE network for parts with occlusion relationships and the false recognition problem in recognizing parts with scales that are too large or too small, a random mask local processing method and a multiscale fusion pose estimation module are proposed. The results show that our proposed DOPE++ network improves the real-time performance of 6D pose estimation and enhances the recognition of parts at different scales without loss of accuracy. To address the problem of a single background representation of the part pose estimation dataset, a virtual dataset is constructed for data expansion to form a hybrid dataset.
Leafcutter ants adjust foraging behaviours when exposed to noise disturbance
Authors: Byrne Briony , de Kort Selvino R. , Pedley Scott M.
Published: June 2022

We investigate the impact of anthropogenic noise on the foraging efficiency of leafcutter ants (Acromyrmex octospinosus) in a controlled laboratory experiment. Anthropogenic noise is a widespread, pervasive and increasing environmental pollutant and its negative impacts on animal fitness and behaviour have been well documented. Much of this evidence has come from studies concerning vertebrate species with very little evidence for terrestrial invertebrates, especially social living invertebrates. We compare movement speed, forage fragment size, and colony activity levels of ants exposed to intermittent elevated noise and in ambient noise conditions. We use intermittent and temporally unpredictable bursts of white noise produced from a vibration speaker to create the elevated noise profile. Ant movement speed increased under elevated noise conditions when travelling to collect forage material and when returning to the colony nest. The size of individually measured foraged material was significantly reduced under elevated noise conditions. Colony activity, the number of ants moving along the forage route, was not affected by elevated noise and was consistent throughout the foraging events. Increased foraging speed and smaller forage fragments suggests that the ants had to make more foraging trips over an extended period, which is likely to affect energy expenditure and increases exposure to predators. This is likely to have significant fitness impacts for the colony over time.
AMPLE: An R package for capacity building on fisheries harvest strategies
Authors: Scott Finlay , Yao Nan , Scott Robert Dryden
Published: June 2022

Fisheries harvest strategies are formal frameworks that represent a best-practice approach for sustainable fisheries management. A key component of a harvest strategy is a ’pre-agreed rule’, known as a harvest control rule (HCR), that sets fishing opportunities, e.g. catch limits, based on an estimate of fish stock status, e.g. estimated stock biomass. The harvest strategy development process is driven by stakeholders who are required to make a range of informed decisions, including on the selection of the preferred HCR. Capacity building may be required to facilitate the stakeholder engagement, particularly regarding the technical components of harvest strategies, including HCRs. The AMPLE package for R provides three interactive apps that support capacity building and stakeholder engagement on HCRs. These apps have been used during in-country national workshops around the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) to support the development of harvest strategies for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. These apps include several novel features: they take users from a gentle introduction to how HCRs work, to using methods for testing, comparing and selecting a preferred HCR from a suite of candidates. They include an introduction to the impact of uncertainty on the performance of an HCR, introduce performance indicators and discuss methods for selecting the preferred HCR based on management objectives. As such they provide a more detailed overview of HCRs than currently existing alternatives. These apps provide an effective platform for hands-on learning and have proven to be successful at supporting capacity building on HCRs in the WCPO. For example, using them for group activities and competitions stimulated productive discussions and increased understanding. As the model fishery in AMPLE is generic and not based on a real example, the apps will also be of interest to scientists, managers and stakeholders developing harvest strategies in other regions.
Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic
Authors: Rantanen Timo , Tolvanen Harri , Roose Meeli , Ylikoski Jussi , Vesakoski Outi
Published: June 2022

Despite remarkable progress in digital linguistics, extensive databases of geographical language distributions are missing. This hampers both studies on language spatiality and public outreach of language diversity. We present best practices for creating and sharing digital spatial language data by collecting and harmonizing Uralic language distributions as case study. Language distribution studies have utilized various methodologies, and the results are often available as printed maps or written descriptions. In order to analyze language spatiality, the information must be digitized into geospatial data, which contains location, time and other parameters. When compiled and harmonized, this data can be used to study changes in languages’ distribution, and combined with, for example, population and environmental data. We also utilized the knowledge of language experts to adjust previous and new information of language distributions into state-of-the-art maps. The extensive database, including the distribution datasets and detailed map visualizations of the Uralic languages are introduced alongside this article, and they are freely available.