bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translucency of New Lithium Disilicate Ceramics After Ageing and Immersion in Coffee Solution
Authors: Koç Elif , Demirel Münir , Diken Türksayar Almira Ada
Published: December 2024

Aim To evaluate translucency parameters of different lithium disilicate glass-ceramic materials after thermocycling and coffee staining.
Material and method Three different rectangular-shaped specimens were prepared using three distinct 1.2 mm thick lithium disilicate glass ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, LD_C; Cerec Tessera, LD_A; Initial LiSi Block, LD_F) by using a precision cutting device. All specimens were standardised by polishing with abrasive silicone paper. Thereafter, the specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (5000 cycle, 5-55 C, 30 sn dwell time) and then immersed in coffee solution for 30 days. The colour coordinates of each sample before and after ageing were recorded, and the relative translucency parameter (RTP) was calculated using the CIEDE 2000 formula. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test.
Results There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of RTP both before and after staining (p
Financial Inclusion and Energy Poverty Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ghaffar Sadia , Ali Gardezi Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This study aims to look at the connection between financial inclusion and energy poverty in Pakistan. The data in the time series covers the years 1990–2022. We used two econometric techniques to look at the relationship between the variables: unit root testing and the ARDL model. The findings demonstrate that financial inclusion reduces Pakistan's energy poverty. The study's answers agree on a few policy recommendations that might be used in upcoming policymaking. The results show that financial institution expansion, depth, accessibility, and overall effectiveness significantly impact economic growth in both the full sample and subsamples. We also find that trade openness, labour, capital, and energy consumption substantially impact economic growth in these sections. Moreover, older, or lower-income nations benefit more from financial inclusion in terms of economic production.
RUS FİZYOLOJİK PSİKOLOJİNİN KURUCUSU İVAN MİHAYLOVİÇ SEÇENOV’UN HAYATI VE BİLİMSEL FAALİYETLERİ (1829-1905)
Authors: Bozkurt Uğur , İnanç Bozkurt Tubanur
Published: December 2024

XIX. yüzyıl Rus bilim insanı İvan Mihayloviç Seçenov, Rus fizyolojisinin babası ve fizyolojik psikolojinin kurucusudur. Çalışmanın amacı, Seçenov’un kim olduğunu, bilimsel çalışmalarının neler olduğunu ve psikoloji bilimine yaptığı katkıları tespit etmektir. Ayrıca Seçenov’un yaptığı çalışmaların başta Rusya olmak üzere küresel çapta psikoloji tarihindeki yeri ve önemini irdelemektir. Çalışma süresince elde edilen kaynakların tamamı Rus kaynakları olmakla beraber Seçenov’un çağdaşı ya da öğrencilerinin günümüze aktardıkları bilgilerden de istifade edildi. Asker bir babanın en küçük oğlu olarak dünyaya gelen Seçenov’un neden tıp bilimine yöneldiği ve daha da özele inerek araştırması zor olmasına rağmen fizyoloji alanını neden seçtiği anlatılmaya çalışıldı. Bunun yanı sıra dönem itibariyle müstakil bir bilim dalı olarak ele alınmayan psikoloji bilimine yönelik getirdiği yaklaşımlar ve ortaya attığı materyalist görüşler oldukça önemlidir. Ancak dönem itibariyle Rusya’da materyalist bakış açısının benimsenmemesi, psikolojiye ruhani bakış açısıyla bakılması, kendisinin zor bir süreçten geçmesine ve bazı kesimler tarafından kabul görmemesine neden oldu. Tüm zorluklara rağmen görüşlerini ifade etmekten kaçınmayan ve kadınların eğitim hayatına destek vererek birçok öğrenci yetiştiren Seçenov, günümüze önemli bilimsel miras bırakmayı başardı. Yaptığı araştırmalar neticesinde yüz altı farklı çalışma ortaya çıkaran Seçenov, başta Rus fizyolog İvan Petroviç Pavlov olmak üzere birçok bilim adamına yol gösterici olmaktadır.
Gastrointestinal Efficacy of Omeprazole in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Afnan Muhammad , Akbar Palwasha , Muttahir Muhammad , Shah Hamza Ali , Saeed Adil , Rustum Alsa
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) poses a significant global health burden, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Proton pump inhibitors, particularly omeprazole, are commonly prescribed for GERD management. However, comprehensive investigations into the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole, considering symptom duration, frequency, severity, and quality of life improvements, are warranted.
Methodology: This randomized controlled trial aimed to systematically investigate the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole in individuals diagnosed with GERD. Following CONSORT guidelines, the study enrolled 180 adult participants to evaluate how omeprazole influenced the duration, frequency, and severity of symptoms, along with its impact on health-related quality of life. Adults aged 25 to 65 with GERD were randomly assigned to either the omeprazole intervention or control group. The intervention group received a standardized daily dose of 20 mg oral omeprazole over a four-week period. Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, BMI, smoking status, comorbidities, and dietary habits, were thoroughly examined. Continuous monitoring of daily vital signs and adverse events was implemented to ensure safety and tolerability.
Results: The study revealed a significantly shorter mean duration of GERD symptoms in the omeprazole group (5.2 ± 1.3 days) compared to the control group (7.8 ± 1.5 days), emphasizing the rapid relief provided by omeprazole (p < 0.001). Efficacy analysis demonstrated a remarkable reduction in symptom frequency (92% vs. 65%, p < 0.001) and severity (p < 0.001) in the omeprazole group. Health-related quality of life significantly improved in the omeprazole group, as reflected in the GERD-QOL scores (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This trial provides robust evidence supporting the gastrointestinal efficacy of omeprazole in managing GERD symptoms. The rapid relief, significant reductions in symptom frequency and severity, and improvement in health-related quality of life underscore the clinical relevance of omeprazole. The study contributes valuable insights to GERD management and informs future research directions.
Exploring Risk Factors and Assessing the Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Sucrose versus Oral Ferrous Fumarate for Pregnancy-Related Anemia
Authors: Allah Rakha Rabbia , Tahir Haleema , Ahmad Aftab , Yasin Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background: Anemia associated to pregnancy, which is defined by low hemoglobin levels or inadequate red blood cells, is a serious worldwide health issue that affects the prognosis of both mothers and fetuses. Due to food habits, healthcare access issues, and socioeconomic differences, anemia during pregnancy is very common in Pakistan.
Objective: The aim of the study was to identify risk variables linked to anemia in expectant mothers and assess the effectiveness of intravenous iron sucrose against oral ferrous fumarate in the management of iron deficient anemia during pregnancy.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to October 2023 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaqat Memorial Hospital, Kohat, Pakistan. 120 pregnant women made up the final cohort, which was split evenly between Group B (intravenous) and Group A (oral). Group B had intravenous iron sucrose therapy, whereas Group A got oral ferrous fumarate. Serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels were assessed during the course of the 4-week follow-up assessments. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, which showed continuous variables as mean and standard deviation and categorical data as frequency and percentage. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered noteworthy.
Results: Group A's mean hemoglobin rose from 86.49 g/dL to 102.97 g/dL (T-Value: 4.45, P-Value: 0.017), and serum ferritin increased from 8.19 ng/ml to 56.62 ng/ml (T-Value: 11.05, P-Value: 0.029). Similarly, Group B showed significant improvements, with hemoglobin increasing from 82.87 g/dL to 118.41 g/dL (T-Value: 5.26, P-Value: 0.001) and serum ferritin surging from 9.84 ng/ml to 109.85 ng/ml (T-Value: 7.37, P-Value: 0.001). Significant risk factors identified included poor nutrition (51.67%, n=62), multi-parity (59.17%, n=71), lack of antenatal care (67.50%, n=81), and lower socio-economic status (57.50%, n=69).
Conclusion: Intravenous iron sucrose is more effective than oral ferrous fumarate in increasing maternal iron stores, with a notable advantage in terms of fewer side effects.
Assessing the Efficacy of Plant-Based Diets in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Ahmad Afiyat , Anwar Saeed , Altaf Usama , Batool Syeda Maimoona , Abubakar Muhammad , Khan Tariq
Published: December 2024

Background: The purpose of this research was to evaluate how well plant-based diets may improve cardiovascular health and manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: A 12-month randomized controlled experiment with 156 T2DM subjects was carried out at KTH Peshawar. A control group (n=78) and a plant-based diet group (n=78) were randomly allocated to the participants. Changes in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were among the primary outcomes. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Chi-square and t-tests were used in the statistical analysis.
Results: In comparison to the control group, the plant-based diet group demonstrated significant reductions in LDL cholesterol “(-19.2 mg/dL vs. -5.4 mg/dL; p<0.01), fasting blood glucose (-22.7 mg/dL vs. -10.3 mg/dL; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (-11.5 mmHg vs. -5.3 mmHg; p<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (-7.8 mmHg vs. -2.7 mmHg; p<0.01), LDL cholesterol (-19.2 mg/dL vs. -5.4 mg/dL; p<0.01), and CRP (-1.4 mg/L vs. -0.4 mg/L; p<0.01)” were all significantly lower in the plant-based diet group. The plant-based group had a substantial rise in HDL cholesterol (+6.5 mg/dL vs. +2.3 mg/dL; p<0.01). In the categories of vitality, general health, and physical functioning, the plant-based group's quality of life ratings increased considerably (p<0.05).
Conclusion: For those with type 2 diabetes, plant-based diets considerably enhance glycemic management, cardiovascular health indicators, inflammatory markers, and quality of life. These results provide credence to the use of plant-based dietary approaches in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Investigating the Role of Genetic Predisposition in Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Eman Nishwa Tul , Rafiq Sandal , Hayat Aqsa , Imtiaz Natasha , Hussain Sabir , Ahmad Mansoor
Published: December 2024

Background: A chronic autoimmune disease called rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is impacted by both environmental and genetic factors. This work explores the impact of genetic predisposition in the development of RA, focusing on the HLA-DRB1 common epitope, PTPN22, and STAT4 gene variations.
Objectives: In a cohort from Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), the research sought to evaluate the relationship between important genetic markers and RA susceptibility as well as investigate the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental variables, such as smoking.
Methods: 132 RA patients participated in a cross-sectional research that ended in August 2024. To determine the existence of HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, and STAT4 gene variations, genetic analysis was done. The strength of relationships was determined by calculating odds ratios, or ORs. Analysis was also done on the relationship between smoking and the common epitope of HLA-DRB1. At p < 0.05, statistical significance was established.
Results: The common epitope between HLA-DRB1 and RA was substantially correlated (OR = 3.45, p < 0.001). While STAT4 did not exhibit a significant correlation with RA (OR = 1.29, p = 0.365), PTPN22 was likewise associated with RA (OR = 2.15, p = 0.009). Compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.18, p = 0.021), smokers with the HLA-DRB1 allele had a significantly higher risk of RA (OR = 5.87, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The main genetic indicators for RA susceptibility are HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22, and smoking greatly increases the risk in those who are genetically susceptible to the condition. These results emphasize the value of lifestyle changes and customized risk assessment in the prevention of RA.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Reducing Recurrent Stroke in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Ullah Ayat , Omair Muhammad , Daterdiwala Nida Fatima , Saleem Sana , Hayat Aqsa , Khan Tariq
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Still among the primary causes of illness and death worldwide is stroke. Comparatively to single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has been suggested as a successful approach to lower the risk of recurrent strokes in high-risk patients. This study sought to assess whether DAPT would be effective in avoiding recurrent strokes among high-risk patients at Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) in Peshawar.
Methodology: Using 92 high-risk stroke patients, 92 were assigned to DAPT (n=46) or SAPT (n=46). Over a follow-up period concluding in August 2024, data on demographic, clinical, stroke recurrence rates, and safety outcomes was gathered. Outcomes were assessed using statistical analyses comprising Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling.
Results: With a stroke recurrence rate of 13% instead of 30% in the SAPT group (p=0.026), the DAPT group displayed with p=0.017 the Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a stroke-free survival rate of 87% in the DAPT group against 70% in the SAPT group. The Cox model showed that DAPT reduced the incidence of recurrent stroke by 60% (HR=0.40). The incidence of major bleeding events was low, with 4.3% in the DAPT group and 2.1% in the SAPT group (p=0.53), indicating an acceptable safety profile.
Conclusion: This study supports the use of DAPT as a more successful tactic than SAPT for low-risk individuals' recurrent stroke prevention. The results highlight the significance of using DAPT in clinical practice and provide important data for the management of stroke in different populations.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of ENT Symptoms in Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Rehman Shafiq , Haq Ihtisham
Published: December 2024

Background: Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms are less well-documented but are vital for diagnosis and treatment of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), which affects organs outside the lungs.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the various ENT symptoms of TB in patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital's outpatient department (OPD).
Methodology: In this cross-sectional research, which took place at Hazara University, KPK, between August 2020 and January 2021, 124 patients with ENT-related EPTB were included. Complete ENT histories, physical exams, and a range of diagnostic tests, such as biopsies, endoscopies, and chest X-rays, were performed on the participants. SPSS version 25 was utilized to analyze the data, and the chi-square test was used to look into any relationships between risk variables like smoking. Determining statistical significance required a p-value of less than 0.05.
Results: Among the 124 patients with EPTB, the most prevalent ENT symptom was neck swelling, affecting 31 patients (25.00%). This was followed by laryngitis in 28 patients (22.58%) and pharyngitis in 25 patients (20.16%). Chronic sinusitis was observed in 22 patients (17.74%), while voice changes and otitis media were noted in 19 patients (15.32%) and 18 patients (14.52%), respectively. Hemoptysis was present in 15 patients (12.10%). The prevalence of these symptoms was notably higher in patients with symptoms lasting 6-12 months. Additionally, smoking was significantly associated with increased rates of laryngitis (p = 0.033) and hemoptysis (p = 0.039).
Conclusion: The research demonstrates that common ENT symptoms in EPTB include neck edema, laryngitis, and pharyngitis, with symptom duration and smoking status having a major impact on their incidence.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cryptosporidiosis in Cattle in Lashkargah City, Helmand Province of Afghanistan
Authors: Samadi Asadullah , Isaar Asmatullah , Rahmani Mohammad Haroon
Published: December 2024

Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals and is caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. This was a descriptive study to determine the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and its associated risk factors in cattle in Lashkargah City, Helmand province of Afghanistan. One hundred and fifty-seven cattle were selected randomly from the 37 areas of 8 districts of Lashkargah. To confirm the presence of Cryptosporidium spp., a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique was applied to visualize the oocysts of the protozoa in fecal samples. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect additional information regarding demographic, hygienic conditions, and water sources of the animal and human population in the area. From the 157 studied cattle, the oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 3 samples (1.9%). At the same time, 56.1% of the studied villages were near the running water, and in 4.5% of cases, animal waste materials or residues ended up in the water sources. In brief, considering the husbandry practices, farm hygienic conditions, and water sources in the study area, there is a very likely higher prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Helmand province. High-scale province-wide researches are required to determine the incidence and prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in animal and human populations.
Mature Students’ Perceptions of Accessing Higher Education in England: A Case Study on a London-based Alternative Higher Education Provider
Authors: Perera J.K.J.P. , Kulappu Thanthirige H.S.
Published: December 2024

Ensuring equal access for all to affordable and quality higher education is a key target of the United Nation’s sustainable development agenda (target 4.3). However, with numerous factors influencing inclusivity and equity in higher education, achieving this goal has been increasingly challenging in the United Kingdom (UK). While the UK government has urged all relevant stakeholders to engage with its “widening participation strategy”; higher education providers have a prodigious responsibility in ensuring equal access for all (Connel-Smith & Hubble, 2018). \newline For mature students (aged 21+), accessing higher education involves navigating several barriers. These include fear of re-adapting to a learning environment, age-related stigma, juggling family and work responsibilities, lack of awareness regarding application and funding processes, and limited support and guidance (Brown, 2021; Farini & Scollan, 2019; Hubble & Bolton, 2021; Johnson, 2023; Moore et al., 2013; Office for Students, 2021a). While these barriers challenge mature students to access higher education, various support mechanisms enable them to successfully overcome them. \newline This research endeavored to identify what factors enable mature students to access higher education overcoming barriers to learning. Using a single case study research design, qualitative data was collected through three focus group discussions with mature students from an alternative higher education provider in London. Thematic analysis revealed three key findings: (1) motivations behind accessing higher education, such as advancing employability, utilizing spare time productively, evolving with life, pursing personal growth, fulfilling family aspirations, or acting on professional recommendations; (2) barriers like lack of confidence, high costs, competing priorities, language, digital literacy and accessibility challenges; and (3) support mechanisms including confidence-building programs, preparatory programs, financial aid and supportive institutional cultures. The research concludes that, despite challenges, mature students equipped with determination and robust support systems can successfully navigate barriers to access higher education.
First report of hard shell female mating in the crenate swimming crab, Thalamita crenata Ruppell, 1830 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae)
Authors: Abit Lirong Yu , Moh Julia Hwei Zhong , Grinang Jongkar , Morni Wan Zabidi Wan , Asif Abdulla-Al , Latif Kamil
Published: December 2024

The mating behaviour of crustaceans, particularly brachyuran crabs, is commonly associated with the female molting cycle, with soft shell mating prevalent among sexually reproducing species, while hard shell mating is a rarely observed adaptation within the subfamily Thalamitinae. This study marks the initial documentation of hard shell female mating in Thalamita crenata, a portunid crab. The study aims to elucidate the reproductive dynamics of T. crenata by capturing and observing mating behaviours in captivity. Mature T. crenata individuals of both sexes were captured and housed in controlled conditions. Observations were conducted to document hard shell mating behaviours, employing digital video and photography for detailed analysis. After 50 days, a notable instance of hard shell mating was observed, characterized by forceful gripping and flipping manoeuvres by the male, culminating in copulation lasting approximately 8 minutes. This discovery enriches our understanding of T. crenata‘s reproductive ecology, providing insights into unique mating strategies within the subfamily Thalamitinae. This discovery encourages further exploration of captive breeding possibilities and contributes to a holistic comprehension of crustacean mating strategies.
Effectiveness of two synthetic hormones (LHRHA and Ovaprim) on induced breeding of the Bornean spotted barb, Puntius sealei (Herre, 1933)
Authors: Abit Lirong Yu , Nasir Ahmad Syafiq Ahmad , Grinang Jongkar ak , Latif Kamil
Published: December 2024

Puntius sealei or the Bornean Spotted Barb is a cyprinid of incidental economic importance throughout its distribution range within freshwater habitats of the island of Borneo. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two synthetic hormones (LHRHA and Ovaprim (SGnRHA + Domperidone) (Manufacturer: Syndel) in inducing ovulation and spermiation in adult fish of this species. The present study was conducted at the wet lab, Faculty of Resources Science and Technology UNIMAS Campus. The study comprised a single experimental trial. A total of 12 pairs of adult fish (12 males and 12 females) were used in this study. The fish were randomly paired at a ratio of 1 male to 1 female fish. 6 pairs of fish were randomly selected and injected intramuscularly with LHRHA while the remaining 6 pairs were injected intramuscularly with Ovaprim. The number of spawnings occurring and early embryonic development was observed and compared. The results showed that Ovaprim successfully induced spawning with viable fertilized eggs in Puntius sealei whereas LHRHA did not induce any spawning.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ФУНКЦИЯХ ЗАИМСТВОВАНИЙ В РЕЧИ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ СТАРШЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Рузметов Сурожбек
Published: December 2024

The article examines the main functions of borrowed words in the speech of older people. The research material includes videos from the website www.youtube.com, which demonstrate the speech of older people. It has been established that the use of borrowed words in the speech of older people can be due to several reasons.
TRASEKA LOYIHASI VA UNING DASTLABKI FAOLIYATI
Authors: Radjabov Ozodbek
Published: December 2024

Central Asian republics that have gained independence increasingly need transport corridors to the west, south and east. The “Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACEKA)” project connecting South, Southeast Asia, South and Central Europe was developed by the European Union in 1991. This article discusses the history of the implementation of the project.
TALABA SHAXSI POZITSIYASI RIVOJLANISHI VA NAMOYON BO‘LISHI XUSUSIYATLARI
Authors: Muratova Fotima
Published: December 2024

Today, in a sociеty whеrе modеrn viеws arе promotеd, thеrе is a high nееd for pеoplе who havе a subjеctivе lifе position, who arе activе, rеsponsiblе, crеativе, compеtеnt, ablе to control thе еvеnts of thеir livеs, activеly changе thеmsеlvеs and thе rеality around thеm. pеrson who rеcеivеs is rеquirеd. Today, in thе viеws of modеrn sciеncе, a pеrson is considеrеd as a subjеct of socio-cultural lifе, a carriеr of thе individual principlе. In sciеntific litеraturе, thе following arе analyzеd by “pеrson”:

a pеrson – as a subjеct of rеlationships and conscious activity;

2) a pеrson is undеrstood as a stablе systеm of socially significant charactеristics as a mеmbеr of a particular sociеty or tеam.
ХОРАЗМ ЖАДИДЛАРИНИНГ АДАБИЙ МЕРОСИ
Authors: Samandarova Sayyora , Bekmuhammad Umid
Published: December 2024

In this article, representatives of modern Khorezm literature and their creative activities are highlighted. Also, based on the principles of modern literature, some of the creators of Khorezm will be evaluated.
EKOLOGIK MADANIYAT VA DINIY QADRIYATLARNING IJTIMOIY-MADANIY TRANSFORMATSIYASI
Authors: Qilichev Feruzbek
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the transformation of ecological culture and religious values, changing their attitude towards the environment and mother nature in a positive way, eliminating global environmental problems and their negative consequences, including the lack of water resources, global climate changes.
SUSTАINАBILITY TRАNSFОRMАTIОN: ISSUES FОR ENSURING SОCIETАL WELL-BEING THRОUGH HUMАN CАPITАL DEVELОPMENT
Authors: Sаidkulоv Nuriddin
Published: December 2024

this аrticle tаlks аbоut the rоle оf humаn cаpitаl in ensuring the develоpment, stаbility аnd well-being оf sоciety аnd wаys tо develоp humаn cаpitаl. Аs everyоne knоws, the issue оf stаbility hаs аlwаys been а tоpicаl issue in the histоry оf mаnkind. Ensuring the stаbility оf the sоciety wаs certаinly dоne by relying оn sоme criteriа. Tоdаy, ensuring the stаbility оf sоciety depends оn the develоpment оf humаn cаpitаl. Therefоre, this аrticle is bаsed оn the fаct thаt humаn cаpitаl is а fаctоr оf ensuring the stаbility оf sоciety.
Transhumanizam─Prometejeva vatra ili Pandorina posuda?
Authors: Francuz Tea
Published: December 2024

U ovom se radu prikazuje etimološko-filozofska analiza i kritika transhumanizma. Iznosi se porijeklo pojma te osnovni - kulturni i filozofski - korijeni kao i odrednice transhumanističke misli, koji su doveli do razvoja suvremenog transhumanizma. Ljudska želja za stjecanjem novih sposobnosti kao i postizanje besmrtnosti stara je koliko i čovjek. Autor distingvira smjer u kojem se neminovno razvija današnja tehnologija i znanost u liječenju raznih medicinskih stanja u budućnosti od transhumanističkih nastojanja koja streme poboljšavanju čovjeka i radikalnoj promjeni njegove prirode poništavajući time samu bit čovjeka. Autor raspravlja kako društveni poredak vođen znanošću i tehnologijom kao i perfekcionizmom kao imperativima, u konačnici djeluje dehumanizirajuće i destruirajuće po čovjeka i društvo u cjelini te kako redukcionističko, materijalističko, pozitivističko poimanje čovjeka kakvo je prisutno u transhumanizmu, može voditi u tehnokratsko, totalitarno i distopijsko društvo. Stoga evoluciju znanosti i tehnologije mora pratiti evolucija ljudskoga duha što podrazumijeva visoku razinu etičnosti i promišljanja o mogućim opasnim posljedicama visoko razvijene znanosti i tehnologije.
Fe基催化剂催化CO还原NO的研究进展
Authors: 郭 君慧
Published: December 2024

氮氧化物（NOx）作为重要的大气污染物，对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。选择性催化还原（SCR）是目前控制NOx排放的主要技术途径之一，其中一氧化碳（CO）作为还原剂在低温条件下具有优良的还原性能。Fe基催化剂因其高活性、良好的选择性和环境友好性，成为CO还原NO的研究热点。本文综述了近年来Fe基催化剂在CO还原NO反应中的研究进展，包括催化剂的合成方法、结构表征、催化性能、作用机制及其影响因素，并探讨了当前存在的挑战与未来的发展方向。
Web-Based Library Information System at Maraqitta'limat Suela Vocational School
Authors: Pramartha Yayan Eva , Muhamad Masjun Efendi
Published: December 2024

This report contains the library information system with the study of SMK Maraqitta'limat Suela. The service procedure of the system is made in the form of a web-based library information system so that it changes the system of borrowing and returning books that were previously manual into computerized. Data collection methods used include field studies and literature studies. Field studies include observational studies or direct observations and direct interview methods with parties related to the problem under study in order to obtain reliable data and information. While the literature study is useful for obtaining a theoretical basis in the form of expert opinions regarding the object of research such as applicable laws and regulations relating to the matters being researched. With this information system, it is easier for library staff and teachers to carry out a series of processes for borrowing and returning books in the library from input to reporting processes. The conclusion of this report is that the library system becomes easier and faster because it uses a more dynamic web-based application. This system is still not in accordance with the needs and has not been implemented in the Maraqitta'limat Suela Vocational School.
Web-Based Online Learning Using the CodeIgniter Framework at SMAN 1 Pringgarata
Authors: Muhamad Masjun Efendi  , Zakaria Ahmad
Published: December 2024

Education is very important. SMAN 1 Pringgarata is an educational institution that will produce competent human resources. The development of technology is so rapid, SMAN 1 Pringgarata can take advantage of technological developments by applying online learning methods. The online learning system is the application of learning methods with information technology that can help the teaching and learning process to be more optimal by cooperating with traditional systems with online learning systems. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a website-based learning system in order to provide more varied learning methods for students. The method used in making the online learning system is the waterfall method, this method is a research model that is systematic, sequential in building software. The programming used in building the online learning system is the codeigniter framework and MySQL as the database. Learning with the online system method makes it easier for teachers to be able to distribute subject matter to students and students get learning materials anytime and anywhere with internet media
Implementasi Bak Sampah Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler Untuk Mendukung Efisiensi Kerja Pada Salah Satu UMKM Di Desa Lendang Nangka
Authors: Sulthoni Adriyan , Purnama Alfhat Diya
Published: December 2024

Efficient waste management is a challenge for many SMEs, including iced tea businesses, in maintaining cleanliness and operational comfort. This research aims to design and implement a microcontroller-based automatic trash bin system as an innovative solution for waste management. The researchers focus on utilizing Arduino microcontroller technology with ultrasonic sensors to detect objects automatically. This study addresses the fundamental question of how an automated system can enhance waste management efficiency through prototype design and testing. The system successfully opens and closes the trash bin lid automatically with a fast response time, minimizing direct user interaction with the bin. Findings indicate that this system improves cleanliness, reduces the risk of germ transmission, and has potential for further development, such as adding waste capacity sensors and mobile application integration. Thus, this system offers an efficient and cost-effective solution for waste management at the SME scale.
A comparative study of DNA barcoding markers for Bamboo
Authors: Awaliah Seli Rizqi , Polosoro Aqwin
Published: December 2024

The Bambusoideae subfamily, a significant group within the Poaceae family, contains diverse genera with complex taxonomic relationships. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity within the bamboo, focusing on the utility of DNA barcoding markers, i.e., ITS2, matK, and rbcL, in bamboo species identification. By analyzing sequence data from these markers, phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood method to infer evolutionary relationships among species. The results showed that ITS provides the highest resolution for species-level identification, distinguishing closely related species more effectively than matK and rbcL. While matK demonstrated robust genus-level classification, rbcL was limited by its high conservation, making it more suitable for broader taxonomic groupings. These findings contribute to a better understanding of bamboo taxonomy and highlight the importance of marker selection based on the taxonomic resolution required. The study also emphasizes the complementary use of these markers to provide a comprehensive view of bamboo phylogenetics.
 
Keywords: Bamboo taxonomy, DNA barcoding, ITS2, matK, rbcL
Reimagining Saraswati Nagpal’s Sita : A Critical Study
Authors:   University of Lucknow, Kumar Alok
Published: December 2024

In a contemporary context, feminist dignity and nature have evolved into a positive discourse, often laden with the complexities of negative and nihilistic connotations. Gender roles, shaped by culturally influenced stereotypes, construct the structural framework for women and men. Gender-role education, in turn, shapes a child’s self-concept. The efforts of graphic novels in challenging the ancient stereotypes of traditional female roles are evident in various retellings of classical epics such as The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. Saraswati Nagpal’s Sita: Daughter of the Earth shifts the narrative perspective from Rama's Ramayana to Sita's Ramayana. Narrated by the destined princess Sita, the story presents a powerful depiction of women navigating a patriarchal culture. Sita’s portrayal as an ideal woman blurs the boundaries between religion and mythology, offering a nuanced exploration of her struggles. Introducing Sita’s plight to young readers does not dilute the broader struggles of women; instead, it underscores women’s roles and serves as a moral instruction. This paper adopts a feminist lens to examine women’s struggles for survival and identity, as reflected in Sita: Daughter of the Earth. It also highlights the importance of fostering children’s understanding of gender stereotypes, paving the way for a more equitable and inclusive perspective.
Analysis of Spatial Transformation in The Context of Urban Memory: The Case of Sivas City
Authors: Kelkit Dilara Merve , Çelen Öztürk Ayşen
Published: December 2024

Individuals feel the "need to belong somewhere" from a psychological and sociological perspective. The city, which hosts our perceptual and actional experiences, makes us feel that we belong somewhere. In people’s mind, the discontinuity and rupture of the city they live in destroy the "sense of being belong to a place". In order for people to continue their lives in a healthy way, the city memory, and the social and individual memory elements must be sustainable. This study, which aims to ensure the sustainability of urban memory, includes the creation of a 'Digital Urban Memory Hub Model Proposal' for the collection and transfer to the future of individual and collective memory elements that have formed in cities over time, through materials such as experience, memories, verbal and visual media analyses. In this study, a methodology proposal consisting of three stages was presented: collection of urban memory elements, analysis of today's city and creation of a digital archive for transfer to the future. Thanks to the developed methodology, urban memory spaces were transferred to the future in a digital environment. By establishing a connection between the past and the present with the digital city memory archive method, it is possible to protect the city's identity and memory spaces and support the cultural heritage of the city.
The Effect Of Colors In Tiles Used In Seljuk Architecture On Spatial Perception: The Example Of Sivas Gök Medrese
Authors: Öztürk Belis
Published: December 2024

The unique architectural style of the Anatolian Seljuk period emerged from the combination of pre-Islamic and Islamic artistic understandings. During this time, numerous structures such as madrasas, mosques, and libraries were built. The use of decorative elements and tiles was particularly notable in the 13th century. This study focuses on the tiles and their colors used in the Sivas Gök Madrasa, examining their impact on the space. Initially, a literature review was conducted, analyzing sources on Anatolian Seljuk history and tile art. Gök Madrasa was selected as a case study, and the use of tiles in its interior and exterior was identified. The research includes photographs, decorations, materials, and the meanings of colors in the madrasa. The findings highlight the importance of tiles, one of the key decorative elements of the Anatolian Seljuks, in educational structures, aiming to raise awareness of the effect of colors on spatial perception.
Evaluation of parents' attitudes and behaviors towards products and practices containing fluoride
Authors: Durmaz Çetin , Ayna Buket , Polat Yelda
Published: December 2024

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate parents’ attitudes and behaviors about fluoride-containing products and practices.
Methods: The study was conducted between April 2023 and February 2024. Parents of children who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry voluntarily participated in the study and a total of 350 parents participated. A face-to-face questionnaire consisting of 2 sections and a total of 26 questions was administered to the parents.
Results: Among the parents who participated in our study, 56.86% stated that they had never heard of fluoride before. Those who had heard of fluoride stated that they had heard about it from school screenings and dentists. 16.86% of the parents stated that fluoride is harmful, but 68% of them did not have any information about it. 78.8% of the parents stated that they did not know the effect of brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste on the prevention of dental caries and 76.57% stated that they did not look at the fluoride content when choosing toothpaste. 84% of the parents stated that they did not know the fluoride applications made by the physician and 74.57% stated that they would not have their children do it. The vast majority of those who would not have their children fluoridated (73.95%) stated that they would not do so because they did not have information about fluoride. We found that 92% of the parents did not know systemic fluoride applications, 90% did not know whether the drinking water they used contained fluoride, and 93.43% did not know whether fluoride in drinking water helps prevent dental caries formation.
Conclusion: Considering the high caries risk and oral hygiene deficiencies in our country, the need to use fluoride in dental treatments is increasing. Therefore, the public’s lack of knowledge and concerns about fluoride should be addressed and the use of preventive treatments such as fluoride should be increased.
Aesthetic rehabilitation of a case of polydistema with direct composite restoration: case report, 2-year follow-up
Authors: Yavuz Bahar , Avcılar İbrahim Halil , Bakır Elif Pınar
Published: December 2024

Diastema are small gaps between the teeth. Polydiastema can be caused by harmful habits, genetic or systemic disorders. Direct composite resin restorations are a minimally invasive and aesthetic treatment option that can be safely used in cases of diastema. This case report describes the treatment of an anterior polydiastema case with direct composite resin restorations. A 20-year-old woman who presented to our clinic with aesthetic complaints had no systemic disease in her medical history. After all treatment options were explained to the patient, it was decided to restore the teeth aesthetically with direct resin composite restorations. After the restoration was completed, finishing and polishing procedures were performed. After 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, the physical properties, marginal integrity and aesthetic properties of the restorations were checked. In the control examination, it was determined that the restorations met the patient’s aesthetic expectations, and the marginal integrity was preserved.
Frequency and Associated Factors of Cor-Pulmonale among Asthma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pervez Naveed , khan Gohar Ali , Khan Samiullah , Khan Radhia , Khan Jalil
Published: December 2024

Background: Cor pulmonale, a severe complication of poorly controlled asthma, may involve both adults and children, significantly worsens patient outcomes but remains under-recognized. Its impact on quality of life a survival underscores the need for data on the frequency and risk factors; this study addresses a critical gap aiming to guide early detection and better management strategies.
Objective: The current study was conducted to explore the Frequency of Cor-Pulmonale among asthma patients at a tertiary care hospital
Material and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology, Khalifa Gul Nawaz Teaching Hospital (KGN), MTI Bannu, a tertiary care Hospital from August 2022 to January 2023.  Patients presented with asthma for the last year aged 16-60 years were included in the study while those having existing cardiac diseases were excluded from the study. Cor-Pulmonale data was collected by operational definitions and annotated by the researcher on specifically created Proforma. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 20. After the stratification chi-square test was applied, p =0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 134 patients enrolled in the study, 26.1% (29) were found to have cor pulmonale. The mean age of the participants was 37.22±13.29 years. The majority of the participants were male (71.6%) 55.9% were under 40 years of age and 59 (44.0%) patients were above 40 years of age. A family history of asthma was present in 20.1% of cases. Stratification analysis revealed no significant association between cor pulmonale and age, gender, family history, or asthma duration (p >0.05).
Conclusion: These findings highlight the notable frequency of cor pulmonale among asthma patients, especially in male and younger populations, irrespective of demographic and clinical characteristics
Keywords: Cor-Pulmonale, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, cardiopulmonary complications
Acute toxicity, anthelmintic and antispasmodic potential of bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill)
Authors: Mustafa Amjad , Ali Niaz , Shah Wadood Ali , Nabi Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad , Shakirullah
Published: December 2024

Background: : Medicinal plants have been gaining significant attention in recent years due to their rich repository of biologically active compounds, which serve as a foundation for new drug discoveries. Furthermore, the plant’s antiviral properties underscore its importance as a valuable resource in medicinal research.
Objective: This study aims to screen and determine mode of action of relaxant activity of extract of bark of Ailanthus altissima, which is traditionally used in treatment of gut spasms. The study also focuses on anthelmintic activity against round worms and tape worms.
Material and Methods: Ailanthus altissima (A. altissima) hydro-methanolic extract was tested against tape worms at three distinct concentrations: 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, and 400 mg/ml i.e.,Raillietina spiralis)and round wormsi.e,Ascaridia galli using albendazole and piperazine citrate as standard anthelmintic. A.altissimawas tested in isolated rabbits’ jejunal preparations for possible antispasmodic activity in concentrations 0.01, 0.03,0.1,0.3,1.0,3.0,5.0 and 10 mg/ml. To explain its possible mode of actions, the test samples were tried in similar concentrations against 80mM KCl-induced contractions. Concentrations Response Curves (CRC)weremadewith and without test samples using verapamil as standard calcium channel blocker. Acute toxicity testing was also carried out to establish an acceptable dosage range. Preliminary phytochemical screenings were also performed.
Results: Raillietina spiralis was found more sensitive to A.altissimain concentration 40 mg/ml as compared to Ascaridia galli which has a relative index of 1.3 for paralysis. LD50 for A. altissimawas 1500 mg/kg. With EC50 values of 1.65 0.12 mg/mL & 0.82 0.13 mg/mL (n=3), A. altissima suppressed both spontaneous as well as high K+-induced contractions. A.altissimashifted the CCRCs to right like that of verapamil.
Conclusion: The study shows that Ailanthus altissimapossesses anthelmintic and antispasmodic effects through inhibition of calcium channel blockade that confirm its traditional uses as anthelmintic and antispasmodic.
INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY OF HYPOCALCEMIA IN INFANTS ADMITTED WITH SEIZURES AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Arif Muzna , Majid Hafsa , Nuzhat Humayun Khadija
Published: December 2024

Background: Hypocalcemia is a significant metabolic disturbance in infants and a recognized cause of seizures. The condition often arises from vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, or critical illnesses, disrupting calcium homeostasis. Understanding the clinical and biochemical contributors to hypocalcemia-related seizures is essential for timely diagnosis and management to prevent long-term neurological complications.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters, and associated factors in infants presenting with hypocalcemia-related seizures, focusing on vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and seizure characteristics.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital over one year. Data were retrospectively collected for infants aged 1 month to 1 year diagnosed with hypocalcemia (serum calcium <8 mg/dL) and presenting with seizures. Exclusion criteria included seizures due to other metabolic disturbances, such as hyponatremia and hypoglycemia. Clinical data, including seizure type and duration, maternal vitamin D status, and feeding practices, were analyzed. Biochemical parameters such as serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and PTH levels were evaluated. Associations were determined using chi-square tests, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 54 infants, 57.4% were male, and 94.4% were term. Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 38.9% of cases, significantly associated with hypocalcemia (p=0.0001). Hypoparathyroidism was present in 7.4% of infants (p=0.004). Most seizures (85.2%) lasted under five minutes, with prolonged seizures showing a significant association with hypocalcemia (p=0.046). Serum calcium levels ranged from 5–7 mg/dL in 66.7% of infants, and 37% exhibited low magnesium levels. Maternal vitamin D status was unknown in 53.7% of cases, with 24.1% being deficient.
Conclusion: Hypocalcemia-related seizures in infants are primarily associated with vitamin D deficiency and abnormal PTH levels. Early diagnosis and intervention targeting these factors are crucial to improving outcomes and preventing recurrent seizures.