bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 50 Most Cited Publications in Adipose-Derived “Stem Cell Therapies” with Application in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Bi Andrew S. , Hernandez Hunter C. , Oeding Jacob F. , Strauss Eric J. , Campbell Kirk A. , Jazrawi Laith M. , Kennedy John G.
Published: December 2022

Stem cell therapies have become widely popular in orthopaedic surgery, with a recent interest in adipose-derived therapeutics. Adipose-derived mesenchymal signaling cells (ADSCs) and micronized adipose tissue (MAT) are unique therapies derived from different processing methods. Characterizing the most influential studies in lipoaspirate research can help clarify controversies in definitions, identify core literature, and further collective knowledge for educational purposes. The Science Citation Index Expanded subsection of the Web of Science Core Collection was systematically searched to identify the top 50 most cited publications (based on citation/year) on orthopaedic ADSCs or MAT research. Publication and study characteristics were extracted and reported using descriptive statistics. Level of evidence was assessed for applicable studies, and Spearman correlations were calculated to assess the relationship between citation data and level of evidence. The top 50 articles were published between the years 2003 and 2020, with 78% published in the year 2010 or later. The mean number of citations was 103.1 ± 81.1. The mean citation rate was 12.4 ± 6.0 citations per year. Of the 21 studies for which level of evidence was assessed, the majority were level III (10, 47.6%). The single study design most common among the top 50 cited articles was in vitro basic science studies (17 studies, 34%). Twenty-nine articles (58%) were classified as basic science or translational. Application to treat knee osteoarthritis was the most common focus of studies (14 studies, 28%), followed by in vitro analysis of growth factor and cell signaling markers (11 studies, 22%). No correlation was found between rank, citation rate, or year of publication and level of evidence. This study provides a current landscape on the most cited articles in lipoaspirates in orthopaedic surgery. With the expansion of ADSCs and MAT in the past two decades, this study provides the first historical landmark of the literature and a launching point for future research. Studies should explicitly state their processing methodology and whether their study investigates ADSCs or MAT to avoid misinformation.
The Secret behind Extreme Hypoxia Tolerance: A “Slow-Growth” Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm
Authors: Olevano Carlo , Gagliardi Giuliano , Antonio Mollo , Eugenio Santaniello , Flora Loris , Lorenzo Emilio Di , Fiorani Brenno
Published: December 2022

A 61-year-old man presented to our institution complaining of back pain. Breathing was comfortable. An arterial blood gas showed extreme hypoxia causing chronic respiratory alkalosis. Further investigations revealed aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta and the Crawford Type II thoracoabdominal aneurysm, with compression of both the left main bronchus and the right pulmonary artery. The patient was managed with a two-stage hybrid surgical approach comprising total arch replacement using the frozen elephant trunk technique followed by endovascular repair.
Comparison of EMLA Cream versus Lidocaine Injection for Lumbar Puncture Pain Control in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Merry-Sperry Andrea D. , Alqudah Elham , Magner Alexa , Thompson Stephanie , Smith Pamela , Meyer Ashley , Badawi Mohamad
Published: December 2022

Background Subcutaneous lidocaine injection and topical EMLA cream are both used to control lumbar puncture (LP) pain; however, local analgesia usage is not standardized.

Methods We conducted a prospective, single-blinded, randomized-controlled crossover trial comparing the two modalities in reducing LP pain. Pediatric patients requiring serial LPs were randomly assigned to receive EMLA cream or lidocaine injection prior to LP. On the subsequent LP, analgesia was defaulted to the other agent. Pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale pre-procedure: 30 to 60 minutes post-LP, and 24 hours post-procedure.

Results Ten patients were included in the analysis (median age: 5.5 years). Pain ratings at 1 and 24 hours post-LP did not differ between the two strategies (p = 0.79). No adverse local reactions were reported for either agent.

Conclusion Accordingly, both lidocaine and EMLA cream provided effective LP pain control.
Not All Glittering Bone Lesions Are Gold: A Case of Sclerotic Bone Lesions with Elevated 68Ga PSMA and 99mTc HDP Uptake with No Signs of Malignancy
Authors: Bentestuen Morten , Elkjær Maria Carlsen , Zacho Helle D.
Published: December 2022

Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (68Ga PSMA PET/CT) outperforms CT and bone scintigraphy in terms of diagnostic accuracy for the primary staging of prostate cancer and has become widely used. However, 68Ga PSMA uptake is also encountered in nonprostatic tissue. We present a 63-year-old male with newly diagnosed high-risk prostate cancer who underwent bone scintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), which showed inhomogeneous elevated uptake in sclerotic bone lesions in the pelvis. Likewise, 68Ga PSMA PET/CT revealed inhomogeneous uptake in the same areas. Subsequent biopsy revealed hyperplastic bone marrow without signs of malignancy. The patient underwent radical prostatectomy, and the prostate-specific antigen level dropped to less than 0.1 ng/mL.
Prostatic Artery Embolization: Technical Pearls
Authors: Bhatia Ansh , Maini Aneesha , Bhatia Shivank
Published: December 2022

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that primarily affects men between the fourth and seventh decades of life, occurring due to enlargement of the prostate which subsequently causes compression of the prostatic urethra causing chronic obstruction of the urinary outflow tract. BPH can cause significant quality-of-life issues such as urinary hesitancy, intermittency, decreased urinary stream, a sensation of incomplete emptying, dysuria, urinary retention, hematuria, and nocturia. Several medical and surgical treatment modalities are available for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms and other BPH-related sequela; however, increasingly prostate artery embolization is being utilized in this patient population. Technical demands for this procedure in this population can be significant. This article describes the optimal techniques, tricks, and advanced imaging techniques that can be used to achieve desired technical outcomes.
The State of Evidence in Prostate Artery Embolization
Authors: Qamhawi Zahi , Little Mark W.
Published: December 2022

Prostate artery embolization (PAE) has emerged over the past two decades as a minimally invasive, nonsurgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). While the majority of evidence for PAE stems from retrospective cohort studies, several seminal randomized controlled trials have been performed comparing short-term outcomes of PAE to transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and against a sham procedure. Across clinical trials, PAE demonstrates consistent improvement in urological symptoms and quality of life in patients with BPH with low complication rates. When compared to TURP, the results are comparable, but there is a trend for better outcomes in certain clinical parameters with TURP. PAE is a suitable option for patients who are not surgical candidates, prefer nonsurgical treatment with an earlier return to routine activities, and wish to better preserve sexual function.
Using Virtual Reality to Teach Sinus Anatomy
Authors: Hosoya Kei , Komachi Taro , Sugimoto Maki , Yoshino Ayaho , Kuya Junko , Okubo Kimihiro
Published: December 2022

Anatomy education is a crucial part of the curriculum for medical students, and it is essential for surgeons to perform safe surgery. The anatomy of the sinus cavity is complicated and cannot be easily understood through cadaver dissection practice and reading of surgical anatomy textbooks. Therefore, the development of methods to effectively teach the anatomy of such complex structures is essential for performing safe medical procedures. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of virtual reality (VR) in an educational course on paranasal sinus anatomy could contribute to the understanding and learning efficiency of dissection of the complex sinus anatomy. We devised a system to observe the paranasal sinuses in the VR space by polygonizing the shape of the sinus cavity using computed tomography images of the sinuses. Medical students moved around the VR space and viewed the sinuses from different angles using the VR system; notably, this is impossible in a conventional anatomy laboratory. A questionnaire was administered to 27 medical students (15 men and 12 women; mean age, 24.9 years) to evaluate their understanding of the sinus anatomy and the number of times they had experienced VR and used VR systems. We found that more than 70% of the students had never used VR before, but they could easily use it even if they were unfamiliar with the operation of the VR system, and the learning process was enjoyable and efficient. Thus, the VR application could be a useful tool for educating medical students.
Influence of sidewall damage on thermal stability in quad-CoFeB/MgO interfaces by micromagnetic simulation
Authors: Naganuma Hiroshi , Honjo Hiroaki , Kaneta Chioko , Nishioka Koichi , Ikeda Shoji , Endoh Tetsuo
Published: December 2022

The influence of the sidewall damage on the thermal stability factor (Δ) of quad-interface magnetic tunnel junctions (quad-MTJs) was investigated through a string method-based micromagnetic simulation. The quad-MTJs consist of a reference layer/MgO-barrier/CoFeB/middle-MgO/CoFeB/MgO-cap, which has four CoFeB/MgO interfaces to enhance the interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for large Δ. Experimentally obtained magnetic parameters at room temperature [e.g., saturation magnetization (Ms), stiffness constant (As), interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constants (Ki), and exchange coupling (Jex)] in blanket multilayer films of the quad-MTJs were used in micromagnetic simulation. The influence of the sidewall damage on the quad-MTJs, which is difficult to be analyzed in the experimental way, was investigated. The quad-MTJs without damaged layers having relatively higher Ki show the split of the energy barrier into two, resulting in a decrease in Δ. When the decrease in magnetic anisotropy energy (Eani) is more than the increase in the static magnetic energy (Esta), the antiferromagnetically (AF) coupled state of two free layers is formed at the midpoint to minimize the total energy (Eall). This causes the split of the energy barrier. The sidewall damage plays a role in lowering Ki in each layer, consequently avoiding the formation of the AF state. Note that the value of Δ with the sidewall damage, which shows the unified energy barrier, is comparable to non-damaged Δ, which shows the split of the energy barrier; these quad-MTJs have the same volume of free layers.
Interface state density distribution near conduction band edge at Al2O3/Mg-ion-implanted GaN interface formed after activation annealing using AlN cap layer
Authors: Hatakeyama Yuki , Akazawa Masamichi
Published: December 2022

An interface state density (Dit) distribution near the conduction band edge (EC) at the Al2O3/Mg-ion-implanted GaN interface was measured after ion implantation, annealing with an AlN protective cap, and cap layer removal. Mg ions were implanted into n-GaN with a Si concentration of 6 × 1017 cm−3 at a maximum Mg concentration of 2 × 1017 cm−3, resulting in the maintenance of the n-type conduction in GaN even after the activation of Mg dopants. Activation annealing was carried out at 1250 °C for 1 min using an AlN cap layer. The complete removal of the AlN cap layer was accomplished by wet etching, which was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectrum showed donor–acceptor-pair emission after annealing, indicating the activation of Mg acceptors. By applying the capacitance–voltage method to a completed metal–oxide–semiconductor diode, we derived a continuous distribution of relatively low Dit below 5 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1, which increased monotonically toward EC in the range from EC − 0.15 to EC − 0.45 eV. Compared with the Dit distribution of the as-implanted sample, the density of the discrete level at EC − 0.25 eV generated by divacancies markedly decreased upon 1250 °C annealing.
Studies on anode mass composition and cathode flow field design for small-scale to large-scale direct methanol fuel cell stack systems
Authors: Kumaresan Thanarajan , Palaniswamy Karthikeyan , Fly Ashley , Sundaram Senthilarasu
Published: December 2022

In this research, the performance studies of a single cell Direct Methanol Fuel Cell with three different mass compositions (20%, 40%, and 60%) of platinum at anode infused in NiTiO3/C and multiple cathode flow fields, such as serpentine, parallel, and sinuous, with 25 cm2 active area. 40% platinum mass composition has been reported with a maximum power density of 24.42 mW/cm2, which is 26.8% and 10.4% higher than the performance observed in 20% and 60% platinum mass composition, respectively, on serpentine flow field. Among the various cathode flow fields, sinuous flow field provided the maximum power density of 28.69 mW/cm2, which is 17.48% and 53.83% higher in performance than that of serpentine and parallel flow fields, respectively. The best-performing catalyst mass composition and flow field, viz., 40% mass composition and sinuous flow field are scaled up to a 100 cm2 active area, and the results showed 16% lower performance compared to a 25 cm2 active area. A three-cell stack is fabricated with the best performing combination with the 100 cm2 active area that delivered a peak power output of 5.8 W, which resulted in 19.4% lower performance than 100 cm2. The stack was tested for stability for 48 h at constant voltage mode and was found that 0.002 W deviation for the entire period.
Ultrafast silicon threshold circuitry for chaotic laser time series
Authors: Wada Kazuyuki , Hara Shinsuke , Tanoi Satoru , Kasamatsu Akifumi , Otsuka Yuta , Sekine Kawori , Uchida Atsushi , Naruse Makoto
Published: December 2022

Photonic computing has been intensively studied to explore the ultrahigh bandwidth of lightwaves. However, electronic support is indispensable for the post-processing and control of photonic systems owing to the difficulties encountered in all-optical processing. Herein, we demonstrate an ultrafast silicon circuitry capable of conducting thresholding operations on incoming chaotically oscillating high-bandwidth signals. Such circuits are critical elements in ultrafast random-number generators and photonic reinforcement learning that exploit chaotically oscillating time series. The circuit design, including active inductors for bandwidth expansion, and proof-of-principle fabricated device operations are demonstrated using a 180 nm silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology node.
Theoretical investigations of electronic spectra of silver atom using all-electron scalar relativistic basis
Authors: Chaudhuri Rajat K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip
Published: December 2022

Exploration of the tractable size basis set that can provide reliable estimates of computed properties for systems containing heavy elements has been the subject of interest in quantum chemistry over many decades. In this connection, the recently developed segmented all-electron relativistically contracted (SARC) basis set proposed by Rolfes et al. [J. Comput. Chem. 41, 1842 (2020)] appears to be worth studying. In the present attempt, ground and excited state properties of the Ag atom is computed on this basis at the Fock-space multi-reference coupled cluster (FSMRCC) level of theory with four-component relativistic spinors. The computed quantities resulting from the SARC basis are subsequently compared with those obtained using an even-tempered basis to assess the efficacy of the SARC basis. Computations have also been performed with the extended SARC basis to improve the quality of the property of interest. The accuracy of the computed quantities such ionization energy, electron affinity, excitation energies, etc., obtained using the SARC basis at the FSMRCC level of theory demonstrates that the SARC basis (particularly the extended one), which is primarily designed for quantum chemical calculations at the two-component scalar relativistic level for systems containing heavy atoms, can be used for fully relativistic calculations. The magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constant A, oscillator strengths f and transition rates Afi calculated using the SARC basis also agree well with the experiment and with the available theoretical estimates.
Study and improvements of a radially coupled coaxial Fast Faraday cup design toward lower intensity beams
Authors: Mal K. , Kumar S. , Rodrigues G. , Singh R.
Published: December 2022

A radially coupled coaxial fast Faraday cup design was presented in Carneiro et al. [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 34(36), 1942013 (2019)] for high-intensity non-relativistic proton beams. In this work, we discuss a modification of that design in the context of a relatively lower intensity ion beam for longitudinal charge profile measurements. Particle-in-cell and time domain electromagnetic simulations of the new design with a focus on avoiding field dilution while generating enough signal for relatively lower intensity ion beams at the upcoming High Current Injector Program at the Inter-University Accelerator Center, New Delhi [A. Roy, Curr. Sci. 76(2), 149–153 (1999); Kanjilal et al., in 3rd Asian Particle Accelerator Conference (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 2004), p. 73], is discussed. Profile distortions from secondary electron emission are estimated, and strategies to suppress them are discussed.
Origin of the injection-dependent emission blueshift and linewidth broadening of III-nitride light-emitting diodes
Authors: Pant Nick , Li Xuefeng , DeJong Elizabeth , Feezell Daniel , Armitage Rob , Kioupakis Emmanouil
Published: December 2022

III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibit an injection-dependent emission blueshift and linewidth broadening that is severely detrimental to their color purity. By using first-principles multi-scale modeling that accurately captures the competition between polarization-charge screening, phase-space filling, and many-body plasma renormalization, we explain the current-dependent spectral characteristics of polar III-nitride LEDs fabricated with state-of-the-art quantum wells. Our analysis uncovers a fundamental connection between carrier dynamics and the injection-dependent spectral characteristics of light-emitting materials. For example, polar III-nitride LEDs offer poor control over their injection-dependent color purity due to their poor hole transport and slow carrier-recombination dynamics, which forces them to operate at or near degenerate carrier densities. Designs that accelerate carrier recombination and transport and reduce the carrier density required to operate LEDs at a given current density lessen their injection-dependent wavelength shift and linewidth broadening.
Fifth year medical students’ education, confidence and learning needs related to healthcare provision for sexual and gender minority patients: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Carroll Rona , Rose Sally B. , Garrett Susan M. , Gray Lesley
Published: December 2022

Introduction Education on health care for patients with diverse sexual orientation, sex characteristics and gender identities is lacking in Aotearoa’s medical schools. Aim This study surveyed fifth-year medical students at the University of Otago Wellington (UOW) about confidence in providing health care to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (LGBTQIA+) patients to identify learning needs. Methods This anonymous cross-sectional survey was designed with input from an advisory group (community members, education, research and subject matter experts). It was administered on paper during class, using Likert scales (level of agreement) and open-ended questions. All fifth-year medical students at the UOW campus were invited to participate in May 2021. Data were analysed in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation) and free-text comments were analysed using template analysis. Results In total, 74.7% (71/95) of students completed a survey. Participants lacked knowledge and confidence in their consultation skills with LGBTQIA+ patients and did not feel they had enough teaching in this area. Most (≥78.8%) were comfortable with common terms, but half or fewer could explain intersex, gender affirmation and Takatāpui. Free-text comments revealed learning needs relating to consultation skills, ways to approach this topic with sensitivity, and a desire to learn more about the cultural context. Discussion Medical students view LGBTQIA+ health care as an important topic and want opportunities to improve knowledge and confidence in this area. Students lack confidence in consulting with LGBTQIA+ patients, suggesting that more education focused on practical experience and interactions with real patients would be of benefit.
Bridging the gap between primary and secondary care: a utilisation evaluation of an otolaryngology GPwSI programme
Authors: Brundell William , Thwaites Nadina , Arrol Sharon , Arroll Bruce , Coomarasamy Christin , Morton Randall
Published: December 2022

Introduction Counties Manukau Health Otolaryngology programme for general practitioners with special interest (GPwSI) was developed to provide a group of GPs with tools to manage low complexity, secondary otolaryngology (ORL) problems in their local communities. After clinical triaging, the medical records were retrieved to assess patient outcomes from community (GPwSI) review. This programme provides an example of how the aims of the Health NZ reforms may work in practice, by bridging primary and secondary services. Aim To assess whether the GPwSI programme provides patients with suitable specialty care in the community, compared to a specialised, hospital outpatient otolaryngology clinic (OPC). Methods This is a retrospective study of patients with an assigned priority of three (non-urgent) referred to Middlemore Hospital for a first specialist assessment (FSA) during 2018–19. Results Of the 6231 patients referred, one-fifth (22%) were directed to the GPwSI service, and the remainder (78%) were arranged to be seen in the OPC. GPwSI patients were more likely to be seen for their FSA earlier than OPC patients (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.46–1.64, P < 0.05). Most patients (99%) referred for surgery by GPwSIs and about one-quarter (23%) of GPwSI patients (315/1345; 23%) were assigned to GPwSI follow up, of which almost all (95%) were managed within the GPwSI programme. Discussion Patients being seen through the GPwSI programme are suitably managed in the community, more efficiently than if they were to be seen in an outpatient specialist clinic.
Perspectives from the Royal Society of Medicine
One Health: The Missing Link
Conference and Soulsby Lecture 2021
Authors: Battersby Ian , Bower Martha , Dammery-Quigley Grace , Danson David , Harrison Stephen , Heymann David , Hunter Elena , Jaspal Rusi , Maudling Rebecca , Shotton Justine , White Samuel , Wilson Philippe B.
Published: December 2022

The term
One Health
encompasses the medicine of humans, animals, the environment and the interrelations between them. There has been substantial progress in recognising the importance of collective agreements and thinking in healthcare and preventative medicine, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with amplified acknowledgement of the role zoonoses increasingly play in our global health system. The 2021 Royal Society of Medicine’s
One Health: The Missing Link
conference brought together subject experts from across medical specialties to discuss cultures of coworking, key challenges and the future vision of One Health both nationally and on a global scale. This perspective article aims to summarise the discussions arising from the event, and highlights particular challenges in medical education, public and global health policy, antimicrobial resistance and stewardship and environmental medicine. This article will serve to consolidate the outcomes of this event and generate dialogue between clinical and non-clinical stakeholders within the One Health space.

One Health Impact Statement

This article summarises the discussions and contributions of the 2021 Royal Society of Medicine One Health symposium and linked events. Major discussion points are described including antimicrobial resistance, training of human and animal clinicians, the link to environmental medicine, and positioning one health efforts within the wider third sector. We outline current challenges in unifying a One Health approach as well as offering perspectives for collaboration and interdisciplinary work.
Supplementary comparison - calibration of gauge blocks by mechanical method
Authors: Angnostou Miliadis , Dahlan Ahmed , Alsenaidi Majed , Yandayan Tanfer , Akgoz Sibel Asli , Halim Razma M , AlQahtani Nasser , AlQahtani Faisal , Talha Yasser Bin , AlMathkor Faizah , Habibi Stilian
Published: December 2022

Main text

Comparison of short tungsten gauge blocks and steel long gauge blocks by comparison method.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 225Ac to include the 2021 result of the POLATOM (Poland)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Ziemek Tomasz , Marganiec-Gałązka Justyna , Lech Edyta , Saganowski Pawel , Czudek Marek , Listkowska Anna
Published: December 2022

Main text

Since 2019, 2 laboratories have submitted 2 samples of 225Ac to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Ac-225. Recently, the POLATOM (Poland) participated in the comparison and a key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been calculated. For the first time, the degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical presentation is also given.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with DMDM, September 2022
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Bebic Jelena
Published: December 2022

Main text

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Serbia maintained by the Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals (DMDM) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol-1 to 500 nmol mol-1.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
3D printing of hydrodynamic coupling for school education
Authors: Šušteršič V , Vukašinović V , Gordić D , Josijević M
Published: December 2022

The application of 3D printing technologies in the industry is growing as new possibilities for their application are discovered, which take advantage of their functionalities. Also, today more and more 3D technology is used for educational purposes. Incorporating of 3D printing in the form of production of three dimensional shapes into the teaching process improved the understanding of geometry.

Hydrodynamic couplings works on the hydrodynamic principle, which takes place based of the indirect principle of operation. The pump wheel transfers the introduced mechanical energy into the kinetic energy through the fluid flow. The fluid of higher energy flows centrically from the pump wheel to the turbine wheel, where re-conversion to mechanical energy takes place. In this paper, the description and principles of operation of hydrodynamic couplings are presented, as well as their basic characteristics and advantages. Also, the calculation of one hydrodynamic coupling and its 3D model that would be used in the education system are given.
Topology optimization of a MacPherson control arm
Authors: Vossou Clio , Nakos Andreas , Koulocheris Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

One of the most important systems in ground vehicles is the suspension system, which is responsible for the ride comfort, the road holding and handling. A crucial part of a passenger car passive suspension system is the control arm or wishbone arm or A-arm. Its main function is to provide a link between the body of the vehicle and the wheels. In this paper, the studied control arm is a part of a MacPherson strut suspension and its dimensions correspond to a front right suspension of a SUV vehicle. Two geometrical models of the control arm were developed in Solidworks® CAD-CAE Software, one with the measured dimensions and one with the outline dimensions of the control arm. A finite element model of the first one was built, using typical loading conditions, in order to determine the deformation and the stress contours. Then a topology optimization analysis was carried out to the second one in order to obtain a new design for the control arm. The FE results of the existing control arm and the optimized one were compared in terms of weight and structural integrity in different loading conditions leading to conclusions regarding the optimization procedure.
FE mesh density influence on blast loading analysis
Authors: Pešić Miloš , Jović Nikola , Milovanović Vladimir , Pantić Mladen , Živković Miroslav
Published: December 2022

To examine the influence of mesh density on the blast loads of anti-landmines (ALMs) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) under an armored vehicle, models with different FE mesh densities were numerically analysed. The multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MM-ALE) algorithm was used to simulate under armored vehicle explosions. Explicit dynamic analysis was performed in LS-DYNA. Blast loading simulation was performed using the ConWep (conventional weapon) loading model, which is implemented in LS-DYNA. The material characteristics of high-strength steel were used to model the protective plates on the armored vehicle. Protective plates were modeled in a V-shape and as a deformable solid with the Johnson-Cook plasticity model. In this paper, the FE model with different mesh densities was numerically tested to analyse the influence of mesh density on the obtained results. For the purposes of the modeling, different types of finite elements were used for the FE models. The floor of the vehicle was modeled with 3D hexahedral eight-noded finite elements, and the protective plates were modeled with four-noded plate finite elements. The maximal value of plastic strain and the maximal value of the displacement of the central node on the protective plate was chosen as the parameters to compare the obtained results.
Investigation of the permitted level of damage of vehicle safety glass
Authors: Petković S , Golubović-Bugarski V , Globočki-Lakić G , Đurić Ž
Published: December 2022

Glass plays an important role in a vehicle, and it is essential to preserve the safety and security of passengers. It is called safety glass because it does not create sharp edges in the case of breaking, which can injure drivers and passengers, but scatters into many small pieces that are not dangerous (tempered glass) or remain held in place by means of an interlayer (laminated glass). During the operation of the vehicle, the glass is often damaged due to the impact of stones or other objects. The level of damage (size and character) and its location on glass determine the extent to which the safety of the use of glass is impaired. This paper presents the basic characteristics of safety glass installed in vehicles, the requirements which must fulfilled, as well as criterion for assessing its technical correctness in the technical inspection procedure. The significance of this research lies in the fact that state institutions can improve the legal regulations in the field of technical inspections of vehicles, while transportation companies can achieve appropriate financial savings in vehicle maintenance.
Optimization of the air distribution system in motor vehicle cabin using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Feher D , Ružić D , Galamboš S , Nikolić N , Dorić J
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the application of CFD software for simulating the conditions that prevail inside the air distributor of the vehicle's ventilation system with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the distributor. The simulation results were validated based on the experimental data found in the literature. Based on the results of the simulation, the geometry of the distributor was optimized with the aim of reducing the pressure drop through the ventilation system. It was found that optimizing the distributor geometry to some extent can provide a more energy efficient ventilation system.
Coordinated control of ESC with active front steering and active suspension normal force control for better vehicle’s dynamic response
Authors: Jordanoska V , Changoski V , Danev D
Published: December 2022

Advances in vehicle technologies brought changes into architectures of integration of chassis control systems. Alongside other improvements, integration can provide better vehicle handling, stability and safety. Different chassis control systems can use different control methods. Considering while in motion vehicle has movements in longitudinal, lateral and vertical direction, different control systems target different motion. If there is no coordination among active control systems, interaction and performance conflict can arise. This paper presents coordination of three control systems: electronic stability control (ESC), active front steering control (AFSC) and active suspension normal force control (ASNF). ESC is actually direct yaw and anti-roll control using selective wheel braking. ASNF is considered only on front axle. All systems use fuzzy-logic as a control method. Vehicle is presented as 14-DOF nonlinear full vehicle model and for the control purposes 3-DOF reference model was introduced. Emphasis was given on vehicle parameters characterizing dynamic behavior in longitudinal and lateral direction. Benefits of coordinated action of the three systems can be seen from the results gained through simulation of cornering event and single lane change in Matlab/Simulink. Coordinated control adds to the action of ESC itself, resulting in improved stability and handling, and thus safety of the vehicle.
The determination of the disc brake thermal stresses for different vehicle speeds
Authors: Stojanovic N , Grujic I , Abdullah OI , Belhocine A , Glisovic J
Published: December 2022

From the aspect of traffic safety, the brake system is one of the most important systems. For all exploitation conditions, for which vehicles are projected, and for loads in prescribed boundaries, no matter to the vehicle speed, it is important, for the brake system to be reliable and to provide a very fast stop, or speed adjustment to road conditions. During the stop or during the speed adjustment it comes to the disc brakes temperature increment. So, because of this, the experimental investigations were conducted, in order to determine final values of the temperature for multiple braking processes until stop. In this paper, were conducted two experimental tests for the same vehicle, but for different speeds, which were 60 km/h and 80 km/h, while the other parameters (initial temperature, the mass of the simulated vehicle, number of repetitions) were the same for both tests. The conclusion is that by increment of the speed, rises the necessary time to stop the simulated vehicle, and by this, rises and the stopping distance. Also, rises and the temperature of the disc brake, with the increment of the vehicle speed.
Improving vehicle dynamics employing individual and coordinated sliding mode control in vehicle stability, active front wheel steering and active rear wheel steering systems in co-simulation environment
Authors: Changoski V , Gjurkov I , Jordanoska V
Published: December 2022

The goal for the future, safer and more sustainable transportation leads to implementation of many advanced systems in vehicles. In this paper, a vehicle model with stability control system that uses the braking system is regarded as a base active vehicle. Two alternative vehicle models are considered where this system is combined and integrated with active front wheel steering (AFS) and active rear wheel steering (ARS) system, separately. For the purpose of this research, 3D virtual vehicle models based on a B-segment vehicle were created in ADAMS/Car. As a research tool, a co-simulation approach between ADAMS/Car and MATLAB/Simulink was used. Several sliding mode controllers (SMC) have been proposed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink in order to analyse the potential improvements of the vehicle dynamics due to the integration and coordination of these systems. In the same MATLAB/Simulink environment, a reference 2DOF nonlinear bicycle model was used. The vehicle models were simulated in driving scenarios based on standardized ISO 7401 test procedures. The scenarios include situations where the passive vehicle loses its stability or fails to complete the manoeuvre while the vehicles with stability control or integrated control systems successfully complete it.
Joint time-frequency analysis on space-time-coding digital metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Xiao Qing , Zhang Lei , Zheng Yi Ning , Huang Zhuo Ran , Liang Jing Cheng , Cui Tie Jun
Published: December 2022

Space-time and time-varying metastructures have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years. On the other hand, digital programmable metasurfaces have also gained great attention owing to their powerful capabilities in controlling electromagnetic (EM) fields and waves in real time, which is very suitable for implementing spatiotemporal modulations in a digital manner. Accordingly, space-time-coding (STC) digital metasurfaces have recently been proposed to realize advanced manipulations of EM wavefronts and digital information, allowing simultaneous control of propagation directions in the space domain and harmonic distributions in the frequency domain. However, their instantaneous responses and the connection between the time- and frequency-domain characteristics have not yet been fully revealed. Here, we present a joint time-frequency analysis method to revisit STC digital metasurfaces, in which the time-domain instantaneous scattering patterns and frequency-domain equivalent excitations are investigated to analyze the spatial-spectral distributions of the modulated waves. This joint time-frequency analysis method helps to better explain the basic working principle of STC digital metasurfaces and is expected to facilitate more applications in wireless communications, radar, imaging, and beamforming.
Unsupervised and efficient learning in sparsely activated convolutional spiking neural networks enabled by voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity
Authors: Goupy Gaspard , Juneau-Fecteau Alexandre , Garg Nikhil , Balafrej Ismael , Alibart Fabien , Frechette Luc , Drouin Dominique , Beilliard Yann
Published: December 2022

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining attention due to their energy-efficient computing ability, making them relevant for implementation on low-power neuromorphic hardware. Their biological plausibility has permitted them to benefit from unsupervised learning with bio-inspired plasticity rules, such as spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). However, standard STDP has some limitations that make it challenging to implement on hardware. In this paper, we propose a convolutional SNN (CSNN) integrating single-spike integrate-and-fire (SSIF) neurons and trained for the first time with voltage-dependent synaptic plasticity (VDSP), a novel unsupervised and local plasticity rule developed for the implementation of STDP on memristive-based neuromorphic hardware. We evaluated the CSNN on the TIDIGITS dataset, where, helped by our sound preprocessing pipeline, we obtained a performance better than the state of the art, with a mean accuracy of 99.43%. Moreover, the use of SSIF neurons, coupled with time-to-first-spike (TTFS) encoding, results in a sparsely activated model, as we recorded a mean of 5036 spikes per input over the 172 580 neurons of the network. This makes the proposed CSNN promising for the development of models that are extremely efficient in energy. We also demonstrate the efficiency of VDSP on the MNIST dataset, where we obtained results comparable to the state of the art, with an accuracy of 98.56%. Our adaptation of VDSP for SSIF neurons introduces a depression factor that has been very effective at reducing the number of training samples needed, and hence, training time, by a factor of two and more, with similar performance.
Cohomology ring of tree braid groups and exterior face rings
Authors: González Jesús , Hoekstra-Mendoza Teresa
Published: December 2022

For a tree

T
T

and a positive integer

n
n

, let

B
n

T

B_nT

denote the

n
n

-strand braid group on

T
T

. We use discrete Morse theory techniques to show that the cohomology ring

H
∗

(

B
n

T
)

H^*(B_nT)

is encoded by an explicit abstract simplicial complex

K
n

T

K_nT

that measures

n
n

-local interactions among essential vertices of

T
T

. We show that, in many cases (for instance when

T
T

is a binary tree),

H
∗

(

B
n

T
)

H^*(B_nT)

is the exterior face ring determined by

K
n

T

K_nT

.
Generalizations of mock theta functions and radial limits
Authors: Cui Su-Ping , Gu Nancy , Su Chen-Yang
Published: December 2022

In the last letter to Hardy, Ramanujan [Collected Papers, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1927; Reprinted, Chelsea, New York, 1962] introduced seventeen functions defined by

q
q

-series convergent for

|

q

|

>
1

|q|>1

with a complex variable

q
q

, and called these functions “mock theta functions”. Subsequently, mock theta functions were widely studied in the literature. In the survey of B. Gordon and R. J. McIntosh [A survey of classical mock theta functions, Partitions,

q
q

-series, and modular forms, Dev. Math., vol. 23, Springer, New York, 2012, pp. 95–144], they showed that the odd (resp. even) order mock theta functions are related to the function

g
3

(
x
,
q
)

g_3(x,q)

(resp.

g
2

(
x
,
q
)

g_2(x,q)

). These two functions are usually called “universal mock theta functions”. D. R. Hickerson and E. T. Mortenson [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 109 (2014), pp. 382–422] expressed all the classical mock theta functions and the two universal mock theta functions in terms of Appell–Lerch sums. In this paper, based on some

q
q

-series identities, we find four functions, and express them in terms of Appell–Lerch sums. For example,
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="1 plus left-parenthesis x q Superscript negative 1 Baseline minus x Superscript negative 1 Baseline q right-parenthesis sigma-summation Underscript n equals 0 Overscript normal infinity Endscripts StartFraction left-parenthesis negative 1 semicolon q right-parenthesis Subscript 2 n Baseline q Superscript n Baseline Over left-parenthesis x q Superscript negative 1 Baseline comma x Superscript negative 1 Baseline q semicolon q squared right-parenthesis Subscript n plus 1 Baseline EndFraction equals 2 m left-parenthesis x comma q squared comma q right-parenthesis period">

1
+
(
x

q

−
1

−

x

−
1

q
)

∑

n
=
0

∞

(
−
1
;
q

)

2
n

q

n

(
x

q

−
1

,

x

−
1

q
;

q
2

)

n
+
1

=
2
m
(
x
,

q
2

,
q
)
.

\begin{equation*} 1+(xq^{-1}-x^{-1}q)\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\frac {(-1;q)_{2n}q^{n}}{(xq^{-1},x^{-1}q;q^2)_{n+1}}=2m(x,q^2,q). \end{equation*}

Then we establish some identities related to these functions and the universal mock theta function

g
2

(
x
,
q
)

g_2(x,q)

. These relations imply that all the classical mock theta functions can be expressed in terms of these four functions. Furthermore, by means of

q
q

-series identities and some properties of Appell–Lerch sums, we derive four radial limit results related to these functions.
Compactified Jacobians as Mumford models
Authors: Christ Karl , Payne Sam , Shen Tif
Published: December 2022

We show that relative compactified Jacobians of one-parameter smoothings of a nodal curve of genus

g
g

are Mumford models of the generic fiber. Each such model is given by an admissible polytopal decomposition of the skeleton of the Jacobian. We describe the decompositions corresponding to compactified Jacobians explicitly in terms of the auxiliary stability data and find, in particular, that in degree

g
g

there is a unique compactified Jacobian encoding slope stability, and it is induced by the tropical break divisor decomposition.
Decay of Fourier coefficients for Furstenberg measures
Authors: Dinh Tien-Cuong , Kaufmann Lucas , Wu Hao
Published: December 2022

Let

ν
\nu

be the Furstenberg measure associated with a non-elementary probability measure

μ
\mu

on

S

L
2

(

R

)

SL_2(\mathbb {R})

. We show that, when

μ
\mu

has a finite second moment, the Fourier coefficients of

ν
\nu

tend to zero at infinity. In other words,

ν
\nu

is a Rajchman measure. This improves a recent result of Jialun Li.
Introducing a Real-Time Method for Identifying the Predictors of Noncompliance with Event-Based Reporting of Tobacco Use in Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Kendall Ashley D , Robinson Charles S H , Diviak Kathleen R , Hedeker Donald , Mermelstein Robin J
Published: December 2022

Background

Little is known about the factors that bias event-based (i.e., self-initiated) reporting of health behaviors in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) due to the difficulty inherent to tracking failures to self-initiate reports.

Purpose

To introduce a real-time method for identifying the predictors of noncompliance with event-based reporting.

Methods

N = 410 adults who used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes completed a 1-week EMA protocol that combined random reporting of current contexts with event-based reporting of tobacco use. Each random assessment first asked if participants were currently using tobacco and, if so, the assessment converted into a “randomly captured” event report—indicating failure to self-initiate that report. Multilevel modeling tested predictors of failing to complete random reports and failing to self-initiate event reports.

Results

On the person level, male sex, higher average cigarette rate, and higher average cigarette urge each predicted missing random reports. The person-level predictors of failing to self-initiate event reports were older age, higher average cigarette and e-cigarette rates, higher average cigarette urge, and being alone more on average; the moment-level predictors were lower cigarette urge, lower positive affect, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Strikingly, the randomly captured events comprised more of the total EMA reports (28%) than did the self-initiated event reports (24%). These report types were similar across most variables, with some exceptions, such as momentary cannabis use predicting the random capture of tobacco events.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated a method of identifying predictors of noncompliance with event-based reporting of tobacco use and enhancing the real-time capture of events.