bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halogens in serpentinised-troctolites from the Atlantis Massif: implications for alteration and global volatile cycling
Authors: Kendrick Mark A. , Marks Michael A. W. , Godard Marguerite
Published: November 2022

The concentrations of halogens in serpentinised olivine-rich lithologies in the lower oceanic crust (e.g. troctolites and wehrlites) and altered-gabbros, recovered from IODP Hole U1309D on the Atlantis Massif of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, are contrasted. The aims were to evaluate if serpentinisation of lower crustal lithologies could significantly contribute to the volatile budget of oceanic lithosphere and test if serpentinites formed from seawater preserve seawater-like halogen signatures. The olivine-rich lithologies are variably serpentinised by lizardite with minor chrysotile. The maximum concentrations of halogens in the most strongly serpentinised samples are 70 µg/g F, 2,100 µg/g Cl, 9,800 ng/g Br and 8 ng/g I. In comparison, the maxima in interlayered gabbros are 200 µg/g F, 130 µg/g Cl, 400 ng/g Br and 9 ng/g I. The Br/Cl ratios of the altered gabbros are strongly influenced by the presence of amphibole, which preferentially incorporates the smaller halides. The serpentinised lithologies have low F/Cl ratios, due to their strong enrichment in seawater-derived Cl, and they have Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios intermediate of unaltered oceanic crust and seawater-derived fluids. Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios similar to seawater are best preserved in the most Cl-rich samples consistent with these ratios fingerprinting the fluid responsible for serpentinisation. Serpentinites formed from seawater in the lower ocean crust and lithosphere are likely to have low I/Cl ratios. Serpentinsed lithologies in the lower crust (and mantle lithosphere) could, therefore, significantly contribute to halogen subduction helping to explain the range of I/Cl ratios in arc lavas and a proposed decrease of mantle I/Cl over time.
Human papillomavirus is an important risk factor for esophageal carcinoma in a Chinese population
Authors: Yuan Wenjun , Li Shuying , Jia Jun , Wang Li , Huang Yuchao , Wang Minglian , Xie Fei , Li Jintao , Hao Yanzhe
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Different types of HPV have been associated with cancer in humans, but the role of HPV in esophageal cancer (EC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV infection and EC in the Chinese population and to provide the scientific basis for the future prevention, control, early diagnosis, and treatment strategies of EC in China.

Methods

PCR detected HPV infection in 1112 esophageal cancer tissue samples, and 89 HPV-positive samples were detected by genotyping. Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the integration of HPV16 E6. The level of HPV-specific antibody IgG in serum was detected by ELISA and PLA.

Results

The positive rates of HPV L1, HPV16, HPV18, hpv16 + 18 E6 and hpv16/18 E6 in 1,112 EC tissue samples were 77.6%, 41.4%, 27.2%, 14.2% and 55.4% respectively. Multiple HPV subtypes were detected in HPV-positive EC samples. PLA showed that E6 and E7 were expressed in EC109 and formed complexes with p53 and pRb, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of hpv16 + 18 E6 and E7 in HPV-positive EC samples were 56.4% and 37.0%, respectively. HPV-DNA integration rate in HPV-positive EC tissues (88.79%) was higher than that in adjacent tissues (54.17%). HPV antibody was found in the serum of EC patients by a serological test.

Conclusion

The study suggests that HPV, especially HPV16 and HPV18, the infection may be a risk factor for EC in the Chinese population and that the E6 protein may play a key role in HPV-associated malignancies. These results may be important for the prevention and treatment of HPV-positive EC in China.
Suppression of overshoots and undershoots in nonlinear structural and mechanical systems
Authors: Lenci Stefano , Udwadia Firdaus E.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we consider the problem of having a transit in a nonlinear SDOF system from a given rest position to another one, both associated to given and constant values of the external force, without spurious undershoots or overshoots of the solution after the final state is reached. It extends to the nonlinear regime the same problem considered in Udwadia (Acta Mech 231:3157–3182, 2020) in the linear realm. Two different approaches are considered. In the first, which is the more general, the free dynamics of the nonlinear system is not considered, and a very simple solution is obtained, showing how it is robust with respect to perturbations. In the second case, on the other hand, the free dynamics of the system is exploited during the transits, thereby allowing less control parameters to be determined. However, aiming at having a closed form solution, we limit this study to the Duffing equation, although the ideas are general and can be applied to other systems even when closed form solutions are not available.
Bioluminescence potential during polar night: impact of behavioral light sensitivity and water mass pathways
Authors: Shulman Igor , Cohen Jonathan H. , Moline Mark A. , Anderson Stephanie , Metzger E. Joseph , Penta Bradley
Published: November 2022

During polar nights of 2012 and 2017, bioluminescence (BL) potential surveys demonstrated high emissions at depths around and below 100 m at offshore stations to the north of a Svalbard fjord (Rijpfjorden). We demonstrated that the highest bioluminescent emissions for offshore stations are located at depths below depths of modelled/ambient light intensities corresponding to the reported irradiance thresholds for the behavioral light sensitivity of krill and copepods, and suggest that behavioral light sensitivity is one of the reasons for high values of BL potential observed below 100 m at offshore stations. In order to understand sources of bioluminescent taxa responsible for the observed high values of BL potential in offshore waters, we have investigated the origin and pathways of water masses circulating to the north, offshore of the fjord Rijpfjorden by using a hydrodynamic model. For both 2012 and 2017, the model water masses mostly originate from the west, where the Atlantic water is flowing northward, then along the shelf and shelf slope of northern Svalbard, and to the offshore of the fjord. This indicates that the advection of zooplankton by North Atlantic Water is one possible source of bioluminescent organisms offshore of northern Svalbard. In 2012, water masses also originated from the inflow through Hinlopen trench and strait, while, in 2017, the offshore water was advected and upwelled into the fjord on time scales less than 10 days, and after that there was a recirculation back from the fjord to offshore on time scales larger than 10 days. This recirculation from the fjord might be another source of bioluminescent organisms in the offshore waters.
Ausgleichszahlungen für Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Wasserschutzgebieten und das unionsrechtliche Beihilfeverbot
Authors: Reinhardt Michael
Published: November 2022

Die seit ihrer Einführung umstrittene Ausgleichsregelung für erhöhte Anforderungen
an eine ordnungsgemäße Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Wasserschutzgebieten droht durch ihren bewussten
und gewollten Eingriff in den Wettbewerb zwangsläufig mit dem unionsrechtlichen Verbot staatlicher
Beihilfen in Konflikt zu geraten. Der Beitrag untersucht die europarechtlichen Schranken der nach nationalem
Verfassungsrecht nicht gebotenen Kompensationsansprüche und vertritt eine differenzierende Sichtweise,
die sich an der Eigenart der einzelnen Schutzanordnungen und deren Auswirkungen auf den Handel zwischen
den Mitgliedstaaten orientiert.
Methylotrophic bacteria with cobalamin-dependent mutases in primary metabolism as potential strains for vitamin B12 production
Authors: Dudko Darya , Holtmann Dirk , Buchhaupt Markus
Published: November 2022

Several bacterial species are known for their ability to synthesize vitamin B12 but biotechnological vitamin B12 production today is restricted to Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Nevertheless, the rising popularity of veganism leads to a growing demand for vitamin B12 and thereby interest in alternative strains which can be used as efficient vitamin B12 sources. In this work, we demonstrate that methylotrophic microorganisms which utilize the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway containing B12-dependent enzymes are capable of active vitamin B12 production. Several bacteria with an essential function of the pathway were tested for vitamin B12 synthesis. Among the identified strains, Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 demonstrated the highest vitamin B12 levels reaching up to 17.9 ± 5.05 µg per g dry cell weight. These relatively high vitamin B12 concentrations achieved in simple cultivation experiments were performed in a mineral methanol medium, which makes Hyphomicrobium sp. DSM3646 a new promising cobalamin-producing strain.
Hierarchical message-passing graph neural networks
Authors: Zhong Zhiqiang , Li Cheng-Te , Pang Jun
Published: November 2022

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a prominent approach to machine learning with graphs and have been increasingly applied in a multitude of domains. Nevertheless, since most existing GNN models are based on flat message-passing mechanisms, two limitations need to be tackled: (i) they are costly in encoding long-range information spanning the graph structure; (ii) they are failing to encode features in the high-order neighbourhood in the graphs as they only perform information aggregation across the observed edges in the original graph. To deal with these two issues, we propose a novel Hierarchical Message-passing Graph Neural Networks framework. The key idea is generating a hierarchical structure that re-organises all nodes in a flat graph into multi-level super graphs, along with innovative intra- and inter-level propagation manners. The derived hierarchy creates shortcuts connecting far-away nodes so that informative long-range interactions can be efficiently accessed via message passing and incorporates meso- and macro-level semantics into the learned node representations. We present the first model to implement this framework, termed Hierarchical Community-aware Graph Neural Network (HC-GNN), with the assistance of a hierarchical community detection algorithm. The theoretical analysis illustrates HC-GNN’s remarkable capacity in capturing long-range information without introducing heavy additional computation complexity. Empirical experiments conducted on 9 datasets under transductive, inductive, and few-shot settings exhibit that HC-GNN can outperform state-of-the-art GNN models in network analysis tasks, including node classification, link prediction, and community detection. Moreover, the model analysis further demonstrates HC-GNN’s robustness facing graph sparsity and the flexibility in incorporating different GNN encoders.
Space and scale in higher education: the glonacal agency heuristic revisited
Authors: Marginson Simon
Published: November 2022

The 2002 ‘glonacal’ paper described higher education as a multi-scalar sector where individual and institutional agents have open possibilities and causation flows from any of the interacting local, national and global scales. None have permanent primacy: global activity is growing; the nation-state is crucial in policy, regulation and funding; and like the other scales, the local scale in higher education and knowledge is continually being remade and newly invented. The glonacal paper has been widely used in higher education studies, though single-scale nation-bound methods still have a strong hold. Drawing on insights from human geography and selected empirical studies, the present paper builds on the glonacal paper in a larger theorization of space and scale. It describes how material elements, imagination and social practices interact in making space, which is the sphere of social relations; it discusses multiplicity in higher education space and sameness/different tensions; and it takes further the investigation of one kind of constructed space in higher education, its heterogenous scales (national, local, regional, global etc.). The paper reviews the intersections between scales, especially between national and global, the ever-changing ordering of scales, and how agents in higher education mix and match scales. It also critiques ideas of fixed scalar primacy such as methodological nationalism and methodological globalism—influential in studies of higher education but radically limiting of what can be imagined and practised. Ideas matter. The single-scale visions and scale-driven universals must be cleared away to bring a fuller geography of higher education to life.
Critical Transitions in Piecewise Uniformly Continuous Concave Quadratic Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Longo Iacopo P. , Núñez Carmen , Obaya Rafael
Published: November 2022

A critical transition for a system modelled by a concave quadratic scalar ordinary differential equation occurs when a small variation of the coefficients changes dramatically the dynamics, from the existence of an attractor–repeller pair of hyperbolic solutions to the lack of bounded solutions. In this paper, a tool to analyze this phenomenon for asymptotically nonautonomous ODEs with bounded uniformly continuous or bounded piecewise uniformly continuous coefficients is described, and used to determine the occurrence of critical transitions for certain parametric equations. Some numerical experiments contribute to clarify the applicability of this tool.
Atomic-Oxygen Number Densities in Ar-O2 DBDs and Post-discharges with Small Initial O2 Fractions: Plug-Flow Model and Experiments
Authors: Klages Claus-Peter , Bröcker Lars , Betz Meret Leonie , Raev Vitaly
Published: November 2022

Number densities of oxygen atoms, nO, in Ar-O2 mixtures with small initial O2 fractions, $${x}_{{O}_{2}}$$

x

O
2

 < 1%, flowing through a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD), are calculated using a plug-flow reactor model, presuming that dissociation and excitation of oxygen species are solely driven by energy-transfer from long-lived excited Ar species, collectively denoted as Ar*. The rate by which Ar* species are generated is calculated from the volume density of power dissipated in the DBD. To obtain extended post-discharge (PD) regions with large nO, experiments were performed with $${x}_{{O}_{2}}$$

x

O
2

 = 100 ppm. For such low O2 fractions, the time-dependence of nO in the DBD and the early PD can be calculated by a closed equation. Calculations are compared with optical emission spectroscopic (OES) results, utilizing the proportionality of O-atom emission intensity at 777.4 nm to nO. O-atom densities in the PD are made accessible to OES using a tandem setup with a second DBD as sensing discharge. Model testing by experiment is based on the functional dependence of nO on DBD-residence time and PD-delay time, respectively. Wall losses of O atoms in asymmetrical DBD reactors are calculated by an alternative to Chantry’s equation. The agreement between O-atom densities attained at the DBD exit and experimental results is generally good while the speed of rise of nO in the discharge is overestimated, due to the assumption of a constant wall-loss frequency, kW. Compared with literature data, kW is orders of magnitude higher in the DBD and at least one order of magnitude lower in the PD.
Costs and Effects of School-Based Licensed Practical Nurses on Elementary Student Attendance and Chronic Absenteeism
Authors: Leach Stephen M. , Hollands Fiona M. , Stone Eva , Shand Robert , Head Laura , Wang Yixin , Yan Bo , Dossett Dena , Chang Florence , Ginsberg Yuan Chang , Pan Yilin
Published: November 2022

Despite increasing reliance on licensed practical nurses (LPNs) to provide health services in schools, we do not know whether this is a cost-effective prevention strategy against student absenteeism. Therefore, we evaluated the costs and effectiveness of an LPN-based school nursing program for improving attendance and chronic absenteeism at a large, urban school district in the southeastern USA. We first identified a matched set of 46 elementary schools (23 nurse, 23 no-nurse) by using an optimal multilevel matching algorithm based on student- and school-level characteristics. We then conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis on the matched set, using the ingredients method to estimate societal costs and multilevel regression to estimate effects. The results indicated that despite substantial incremental costs of $68,228 per school, the presence of a full-time LPN was associated with at best negligible improvements, and at worst slight disimprovements, in attendance and chronic absenteeism. We recommend a careful review of the theory of change for LPN-based school nursing programs to clarify the specific inputs and activities that are expected to lead to improved student outcomes. Education agencies should develop explicit assignment, training, monitoring, and auditing plans to ensure LPNs are equitably distributed and that their activities are aligned with the theory of change. Education agencies should also explore whether expanded Medicaid billing can reduce their share of the nursing cost burden.
Patent Licensing and Capacity in a Cournot Model
Authors: Colombo Stefano , Filippini Luigi , Sen Debapriya
Published: November 2022

We consider the problem of patent licensing in a Cournot duopoly in which the innovator (patentee) is one of the firms and it is capacity constrained. We show that when the patentee can produce a relatively small (relatively large) quantity, it prefers licensing by means of a fixed fee (unit royalty). When the patentee can set two-part tariffs in the form of combinations of fixed fees and unit royalties, it charges a positive fixed fee if and only if it is limited to producing a relatively small quantity. We also show that with combinations of fixed fees and royalties, the royalty rate is lower than is true for the standard case.
Prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats
Authors: Shaban Nadia Zaki , Awad Olfat M. , Fouad Ghada M. , Hafez Afaf M. , Abdul-Aziz Ahmed Alaa , El-Kot Sarah M.
Published: November 2022

Several chemicals and medications induce cellular damage in various organs of the body by activating reactive substances’ metabolism leading to various pathological conditions including liver disease. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic and curative effects of Carica papaya Linn. pulp water extract (PE) against CCl4-induced rat hepatotoxicity. Five groups of rats were created, control, PE, CCl4, (PE-CCl4): The rats were administered with PE pre and during CCl4 injection, and (PE-CCl4-PE): The rats were administered with PE pre, during, and after CCl4. The markers of oxidative stress (“OS”: oxidant and antioxidants), inflammation [nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β], and apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)] were evaluated. Additionally, liver functions, liver histology, and kidney functions were measured. Also, PE characterization was studied. The results showed that PE, in vitro, has a high antioxidant capacity because of the existence of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and minerals. Otherwise, the PE administration [groups (PE-CCl4) and (PE-CCl4-PE)] exhibited its prophylactic and therapeutic role versus the hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 where PE treatment improved liver functions, liver histopathology, and renal functions by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4. Our study elucidated that PE contains high amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and ascorbic acid. So, PE exerted significant prophylactic and curative effects against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. These were done by enhancing the markers of antioxidants and drug-metabolizing enzymes with reductions in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. PE administration for healthful rats for 12 weeks had no negative impacts. Consequently, PE is a promising agent for the prohibition and therapy of the toxicity caused by xenobiotics.
Researching interactions between humans and machines: methodological challenges
Authors: Greussing Esther , Gaiser Franziska , Klein Stefanie Helene , Straßmann Carolin , Ischen Carolin , Eimler Sabrina , Frehmann Katharina , Gieselmann Miriam , Knorr Charlotte , Lermann Henestrosa Angelica , Räder Andy , Utz Sonja
Published: November 2022

Communication scholars are increasingly concerned with interactions between humans and communicative agents. These agents, however, are considerably different from digital or social media: They are designed and perceived as life-like communication partners (i.e., as “communicative subjects”), which in turn poses distinct challenges for their empirical study. Hence, in this paper, we document, discuss, and evaluate potentials and pitfalls that typically arise for communication scholars when investigating simulated or non-simulated interactions between humans and chatbots, voice assistants, or social robots. In this paper, we focus on experiments (including pre-recorded stimuli, vignettes and the “Wizard of Oz”-technique) and field studies. Overall, this paper aims to provide guidance and support for communication scholars who want to empirically study human-machine communication. To this end, we not only compile potential challenges, but also recommend specific strategies and approaches. In addition, our reflections on current methodological challenges serve as a starting point for discussions in communication science on how meaning-making between humans and machines can be investigated in the best way possible, as illustrated in the concluding section.
Do older adults construct more emotionally gratifying social environments than younger adults? Evidence from a social network decision task
Authors: Rolison Jonathan J. , Lamarche Veronica M.
Published: November 2022

Do older adults construct more emotionally gratifying social environments than younger adults? According to socioemotional selectivity theory (SST), older adults actively construct their social environments to satisfy emotional goals, drawing closer to gratifying close others and pruning less rewarding persons. Yet, there is a scarcity of direct evidence showing that older adults indeed construct more gratifying social environments by pruning negative persons and by drawing closer to positive persons. We employed a novel social network decision task to study age-related differences in the emotional composition of social environments that people construct and associations with emotional experience. In three studies, participants spanning the adult age range constructed hypothetical social environments, choosing among players according to their performance on word search puzzles and valenced feedback provided by the players about the participants’ own performance. Positive valence players always provided positive feedback, whereas negative valence players always provided negative feedback. Our findings partially support SST but draw a theoretically important distinction between pruning existing social environments and constructing new social environments. When pruning an existing social environment, older adults maintained more positive as well as more negative valence players. Conversely, when required to include players to construct their social environment, older adults produced more positive social environments by excluding negative valence players. The social environment participants constructed was associated with their emotional experience, but our findings suggest that emotion drives gratifying social choices rather than vice versa. Implications for lifespan theory of motivation are discussed.
Data-driven, client-centric applied behavior analysis treatment-dose optimization improves functional outcomes
Authors: Ostrovsky Andrey , Willa Melissa , Cho Ted , Strandberg Maxwell , Howard Sage , Davitian Colin
Published: November 2022

Background

With increasing numbers of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and with affirmation of applied behavior analysis (ABA) as an evidence-based standard of care for ASD, there has been a proliferation of agencies offering ABA services over the last several decades. Disagreement exists among ABA providers and health plans that reimburse those providers on the optimal number of hours of ABA services that should be reimbursed. This study aims to understand whether children who receive more hours of ABA therapy achieve better outcomes and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19-induced shift to telehealth clinical supervision on outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using data from the Vineland 3 Comprehensive Interview Form to assess function throughout ABA treatment. Paired sample t tests, independent sample t tests, Cohen’s D, and Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between Vineland scores and input variables including hours of service and modality of supervision (in-person vs. telehealth).

Results

While statistically and clinically significant improvements in function were observed, children appear to have improved outcomes independent of the number of hours of service received. There were also no significant associations between modality of supervision and Vineland standard scores.

Conclusions

These findings challenge prior research that demonstrated a linear dose–response relationship. By tailoring treatment dosage to the individual client’s needs, providers may be able to better maximize functional progress of the client, to preserve family time, and to utilize health plan dollars more efficiently.
Interfacial energy barrier tuning of hierarchical Bi2O3/WO3 heterojunctions for advanced triethylamine sensor
Authors: Zhang Mingxin , Liu Kai , Zhang Xingmin , Wang Bingbing , Xu Xinru , Du Xinxin , Yang Chao , Zhang Kewei
Published: November 2022

Traditional triethylamine (TEA) sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials. Herein, an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed by utilizing interfacial energy barriers of hierarchical Bi2O3/WO3 composite. Benefiting from abundant slit-like pores, desirable defect features, and amplification effect of heterojunctions, the sensor based on Bi2O3/WO3 composite with 40% Bi2O3 (0.4-Bi2O3/WO3) demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time (1.7-fold/1.2-fold), higher response (2.1-fold), and lower power consumption (30 °C-decrement) as compared with the pristine WO3 sensor. Furthermore, the composite sensor exhibits long-term stability, reproducibility, and negligible response towards interfering molecules, indicating the promising potential of Bi2O3/WO3 heterojunctions in anti-interference detection of low-concentration TEA in real applications. This work not only offers a rational solution to design advanced gas sensors by tuning the interfacial energy barriers of heterojunctions, but also provides a fundamental understanding of hierarchical Bi2O3 structures in the gas-sensing field.
K-doped BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3−δ as a promising cathode material for protonic ceramic fuel cells
Authors: Qiu Peng , Liu Bo , Wu Lei , Qi Huiying , Tu Baofeng , Li Jian , Jia Lichao
Published: November 2022

Slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) involving proton transport remains the limiting factor for electrochemical performance of proton-conducting cathodes. To further reduce the operating temperature of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs), developing triple-conducting cathodes with excellent electrochemical performance is required. In this study, K-doped BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3−δ (BCFZ442) series were developed and used as the cathodes of the PCFCs, and their crystal structure, conductivity, hydration capability, and electrochemical performance were characterized in detail. Among them, Ba0.9K0.1Co0.4Fe0.4Zr0.2O3−δ (K10) cathode has the best electrochemical performance, which can be attributed to its high electron (e−)/oxygen ion (O2−)/H+ conductivity and proton uptake capacity. At 750 °C, the polarization resistance of the K10 cathode is only 0.009 Ω·cm2, the peak power density (PPD) of the single cell with the K10 cathode is close to 1 Wcm−2, and there is no significant degradation within 150 h. Excellent electrochemical performance and durability make K10 a promising cathode material for the PCFCs. This work can provide a guidance for further improving the proton transport capability of the triple-conducting oxides, which is of great significance for developing the PCFC cathodes with excellent electrochemical performance.
Tribological behavior of polydopamine/polytetrafluoroethylene coating on laser textured stainless steel with Hilbert curves
Authors: Soltani-Kordshuli Firuze , Harris Nathaniel , Zou Min
Published: November 2022

Shallow Hilbert curve patterns with easily programmable texture density were selected for laser texturing of stainless steel substrates. Two different texture path segment lengths (12 and 24 µm) and four different laser power percentages (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were investigated. The textured and smooth substrates were coated with thin polydopamine/polytetrafluoroethylene (PDA/PTFE) coatings for tribological property assessment. The effects of texture density (texture area coverage) and laser power on the durability and friction of the coated surfaces were studied. Laser texturing the substrates improved the coating durability up to 25 times, reduced the friction coefficient, and prevented coating global delamination. The textures fabricated with a laser power of 15% and a texture path segment length of 12 µm yielded the best coating durability. The textures provided the interlocking for the PTFE coating and thus prevented its global delamination. Furthermore, the PTFE inside the texture grooves replenished the solid lubricant worn away in the wear track and prolonged the coating wear life.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Methodology development and recent achievement
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhu Yu-jie , Wu Dong , Adams Nikolaus A. , Hu Xiangyu
Published: November 2022

Since its inception, the full Lagrangian meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has experienced a tremendous enhancement in methodology and impacted a range of multi-physics applications in science and engineering. This review presents a concise survey on latest developments and achievements of the SPH method, including: (1) Brief review of theory and fundamental with kernel corrections, (2) The Riemann-based SPH method with dissipation limiting and high-order data reconstruction by using MUSCL, WENO and MOOD schemes, (3) Particle neighbor searching with particle sorting and efficient dual-criteria time stepping schemes, (4) Total Lagrangian formulation with stablized, dynamics relaxation and hourglass control schemes, (5) Fluid-structure interaction scheme with interface treatments and multi-resolution discretizations, (6) Novel applications of particle relaxation in SPH methodology for mesh and particle generations. Last but not least, benchmark tests for validating computational accuracy, convergence, robustness and efficiency are also supplied accordingly.
Pindar and Greek Religion
Authors: Eisenfeld Hanne
Published: November 2022

Pindar's victory songs teem with divinity. By exploring them within the lived religious landscapes of the fifth century BCE, Hanne Eisenfeld demonstrates that they are in fact engaged in theological work. Focusing on a set of mythical figures whose identities blur the boundaries between mortality and immortality (Herakles, the Dioskouroi, Amphiaraos, and Asklepios), she newly interprets the value of immortality in the epinician corpus. Pindar's depiction of these figures responds to and shapes contemporary religious experience and revalues mortality as a prerequisite for the glory found in victory. The book combines close reading and philological analysis with religious historical approaches to Pindar's songs and his world. It highlights the inextricability of Greek literature and Greek religion, and models a novel approach to Greek lyric poetry at the intersection of these fields.
Self- and observer ratings of capacity limitations in patients with neurological conditions
Authors: Henning Anne , Linden Michael , Muschalla Beate
Published: November 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare the self- and observer ratings of capacity limitations in patients with neurological conditions. Research on this topic is relevant for assessing the patients’ ability to participate in work and social life and improving collaborative patient-clinician relationships.

Method:

The self- and observer ratings of capacity limitations in a sample of N = 245 patients with neurological conditions from a rehabilitation facility were compared and assessed using the short rating of activity limitations and participation restrictions in mental disorders according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Mini-ICF-APP) and the equivalent self-rating questionnaire (Mini-ICF-APP-S).

Results:

Paired-samples t-tests revealed significant differences between the self- and observer ratings for six out of 13 capacity dimensions. On average, the patients rated the capacity dimensions adherence to regulations, planning and structuring of tasks, professional competency and endurance as significantly less limited, in comparison to the observers (small to medium effect sizes). The self-ratings for limitation of contact with others and self-care were only marginally higher than the observer ratings.

Conclusions:

The findings show that psychological capacity limitations occur in patients with neurological conditions. In clinical practice, limitations in each capacity dimension and discrepancies in patient- and clinician-ratings should be thoroughly assessed. This is especially relevant in patients with neurological conditions who have a potential tendency to underestimate or deny their disability.
Tandem droplet locomotion in a uniform electric field
Authors: Sorgentone Chiara , Vlahovska Petia M.
Published: November 2022

An isolated charge-neutral droplet in a uniform electric field experiences no net force. However, a droplet pair can move in response to field-induced dipolar and hydrodynamic interactions. If the droplets are identical, the centre of mass of the pair remains fixed. Here, we show that if the droplets have different properties, the pair experiences a net motion due to non-reciprocal electrohydrodynamic interactions. We analyse the three-dimensional droplet trajectories using asymptotic theory, assuming spherical droplets and large separations, and numerical simulations based on a boundary integral method. The dynamics can be quite intricate depending on the initial orientation of the droplets line-of-centres relative to the applied field direction. Drops tend to migrate towards a configuration with line-of-centres either parallel or perpendicular to the applied field direction, while either coming into contact or indefinitely separating. We elucidate the conditions under which these different interaction scenarios take place. Intriguingly, we find that in some cases droplets can form a pair (tandem) that translates either parallel or perpendicular to the applied field direction.
Experimental Visions of Modern Morocco: Expertise, Popularization, and Everyday Technologies in the Work of ʿAbd al-Salam al-Diyuri
Authors: Williford Daniel
Published: November 2022

This article examines the work and trajectory of ʿAbd al-Salam al-Diyuri, a Moroccan engineer educated in Egypt who became a nationalist writer, editor, and publisher during the last decade of the French Protectorate (1912–56). One of only a few Moroccan engineers trained in Arabic during this period, al-Diyuri developed a vision of modernization rooted in the popularization of technical knowledge that distinguished him from colonial engineers as well as nationalist elites. French experts exercised an epistemic dominance over the practice of engineering under the protectorate as well as after Morocco's independence. In this context, al-Diyuri's arguments traced the contours of an alternative future for the country—one that tied decolonization to the cultivation of technical competencies among the public at large. This article follows the path of a nationalist engineer and intellectual whose work both embodied and attempted to move beyond a contradiction between the democratization of knowledge and the demands of development.
Sustainability Preferences Under Stress: Evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Döttling Robin , Kim Sehoon
Published: November 2022

We document fragile demand for socially responsible investments (SRIs) by retail mutual fund investors. Using COVID-19 as an economic shock, we show funds with higher sustainability ratings experienced sharper declines in retail flows during the pandemic, controlling for fund characteristics. The decline in retail SRI fund flows is sharper than that of institutional flows, more pronounced when economies are hit harder by COVID-19, and unlikely to be driven by fund performance, past flows and size, or shifting investor attention. Corroborated by out-of-sample survey evidence, our findings highlight the high sensitivity of SRI demand by retail investors with respect to income shocks.
UEFA Euro 2020: lessons from the first multi-city international mass gathering during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beebeejaun Kazim , Pebody Richard , Ciobanu Silviu , Pukkila Jukka , Smallwood Catherine , Perehinets Ihor
Published: November 2022

Mass gatherings (MG) present a number of challenges to public health authorities and governments across the world with sporting events, tournaments, music festivals, religious gatherings and all other MG having historically posed a risk to the spread and amplification of a range of infectious diseases. Transmission of gastrointestinal, respiratory, waterborne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases pose a particular risk: all have been linked to MG events [1–4]. Infection risk often depends on the nature of the mass gathering, and on the profile and behaviour of its participants. The interaction between environmental, psychological, biological and social factors plays a vital part. The risk of outbreaks particularly as a result of respiratory transmission remains high at MG, with the majority of outbreaks over the last two decades resulting from a variety of respiratory and vaccine preventable pathogens [5–7]. Concerns about the spread of infectious diseases at MG are often focussed on crowding, lack of sanitation and the mixing of population groups from different places. Sporting events, which have in recent decades become more complex and international in nature, pose a challenge to the control of communicable disease transmission [8]. Despite this, large scale outbreaks at sporting events have been rare in recent decades, particularly since the rise of more robust public health planning, prevention, risk assessment and improved health infrastructures in host countries [9].
MIDDLE PRECLASSIC POTTERY PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE IN THE NORTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS: AN ICP-MS ANALYSIS
Authors: Parker Evan , Bey George J. , Gu Jiyan , Ward Timothy , Gallareta Negrón Tomás
Published: November 2022

Evidence of complex and widespread occupations during the Middle Preclassic (1000–350 b.c.) have been identified throughout the Northern Maya Lowlands and are associated with both Mamom and pre-Mamom ceramics. Beyond typological information based on the visual examination of paste, slip, and surface treatment, archaeologists know little about the technology or economics of pottery production and exchange of this period. In this study, we analyze Middle Preclassic ceramics from four sites in northwest Yucatan, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to determine the chemical variation that exists between and within different ceramic production areas. The analysis indicates that production occurred locally by the late Middle Preclassic (700–350 b.c.), and that the earliest pottery produced in the Northern Maya Lowlands, at the sites of Komchen and Kiuic, was compositionally linked to later phases of production. This means that the first ceramic complexes of the Northern Lowlands were locally produced and not the result of migrants bringing pottery from elsewhere. The study reveals it is possible to identify the origin of Middle Preclassic ceramics by their chemical signature and that compositional variation existed at the site level over time.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDESQUE CAPITAL IN THE MAYA LOWLANDS DURING THE MIDDLE PRECLASSIC
Authors: Reese-Taylor Kathryn , Vázquez López Verónica A. , Dunning Nicholas P. , Anaya Hernández Armando , Montgomery Shane , Walker Debra S.
Published: November 2022

In this article, we argue that landesque capital was integral to the development of complexity in the Maya Lowlands. Such features involved permanent investments in the landscape that supported material and ideological practices, resulting in increased sustainability and well-being. We contend that these developments stemmed from accretional modifications to soils in the Preceramic/Early Preclassic, as well as intentional investments of labor in agricultural features, large public works, and select civic complexes during the Middle Preclassic. Capital improvements were particularly important during the Middle Preclassic, when sedentary occupations and civic life were established. The timing and location of the investments strongly correlate with other aspects of Middle Preclassic lifeways, such as the transition to sedentism, acquisition and control of resources, changes in lithic production, and the emergence of an elite class. We note that some of the largest investments in landscape management during the Middle Preclassic occurred in the Central Karstic Uplands, where substantial cities rose in the Late Preclassic. We conclude that during the Middle Preclassic an ontology of landesque capital developed, based on the synergistic fusing of daily and ritual practices with physical features, which provided a foundation for resilience, sustainability, and well-being in subsequent generations.
Structured variation, language experience, and crosslinguistic influence shape child heritage speakers’ Spanish direct objects
Authors: Shin Naomi , Cuza Alejandro , Sánchez Liliana
Published: November 2022

This study investigates child heritage speakers’ Spanish direct objects. A task designed to elicit direct objects was completed in Spanish and English by 40 child heritage speakers of Spanish in the U.S., and in Spanish by 24 monolingual children in Mexico. Both participant groups varied their direct object forms, following the same ranking: clitics>lexical NPs>omission>doubling. Animate referents promoted clitics; inanimate referents promoted lexical NPs. Among the heritage speakers, more Spanish experience and Spanish lexical proficiency predicted more clitic use (less omission and lexical NP use). We also argue that the child heritage speakers’ production of strong pronouns, more lexical NPs, and masculine clitic lo with inanimate feminine referents suggest English influence. The study underscores the importance of examining structured variation, which revealed both similarities and differences between heritage and monolingual speakers.
Exploration of adulteration in common raw spices using antenna-based sensor
Authors: Nitika  , Kaur Jaswinder , Khanna Rajesh
Published: November 2022

The ability of food products to store and dissipate electromagnetic energy is determined by the material's dielectric properties. In relation to this phenomenon, a non-destructive technique is presented for food evaluation based on the shift in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient magnitude value of the proposed slot-loaded microstrip line-fed antenna-based sensor caused by the change in dielectric properties of the food material. In this work, a miniaturized antenna sensor of 10 × 10 mm2 size comprised of a dielectric substrate FR-4 with permittivity (εr) = 4.4 having ground plane at the bottom and a radiating element at the top is designed to operate at 13.3 GHz. Three samples of spices, i.e. red chilli powder, black pepper powder, and turmeric powder, are considered for quality monitoring whose relationship in terms of reflection coefficient, resonant frequency, and dielectric permittivity at 13.17, 12.61, and 13.09 GHz respectively is analyzed. Further, second-order polynomial model is derived to predict dielectric permittivity of the material under test with high accuracy. The experimental procedure of this proposed sensor is based upon the interaction of the sample food materials with the electromagnetic field owing to shift in resonant frequency as a function of dielectric permittivity of the samples. The proposed antenna sensor has a Q-factor of 409, showing significantly high sensitivity of 280 MHz with 98% accuracy and standard deviation less than the difference between unadulterated and adulterated values, giving resolution high enough to distinguish adulteration with an acceptable statistical accuracy.
The Southern Farmers’ Alliance, Populists, and lynching
Authors: Chamberlain Adam , Yanus Alixandra B.
Published: November 2022

The lynching literature often considers how the Populist Party affected lynching, yet the Southern Farmers’ Alliance—a short-lived but influential voluntary association that mobilized large numbers of white farmers—is overlooked. We argue that this is a critical oversight, as the Alliance was the origin of populism in the South. Specifically, we hypothesize that where the Alliance had more local organizations, the greater the likelihood of lynching from 1888 to 1895, the peak period of populism. To test this, we focus on two states with different experiences with the Alliance: North Carolina, in which the state’s Alliance was a strong supporter of the Populist Party, and South Carolina, where the Democrats sought to court Alliancemen and deter the creation of, and voting for, the Populist Party. Our empirical findings reveal that lynchings were more common in counties where the Farmers’ Alliance had more organizations in South Carolina, but no similar connection exists in North Carolina. These findings suggest that the Southern Farmers’ Alliance is, at times, pivotal to understanding populism’s connection to lynching in the late-nineteenth century American South.
The Multi‐Decadal Response to Net Zero CO2 Emissions and Implications for Emissions Policy
Authors: Jenkins Stuart , Sanderson Ben , Peters Glen , Frölicher Thomas L. , Friedlingstein Pierre , Allen Myles
Published: November 2022

How confident are we that CO2 emissions must reach net zero or below to halt CO2‐induced warming? The IPCC's sixth assessment report concluded that “limiting human‐induced global warming to a specific level requires … reaching at least net zero CO2 emissions.” This is much stronger language than the special report on the global warming of 1.5°C, which concluded that reaching net zero CO2 emissions would be sufficient. Here we show that “approximately net zero” is better supported than “at least net zero.” We estimate the rate of adjustment to zero emissions (RAZE) parameter (−0.24 to +0.17%/yr), defined as the fractional change in CO2‐induced warming after CO2 emissions cease. The RAZE determines the CO2 emissions compatible with halting warming over multiple decades: in 1.5°C‐consistent scenarios, CO2 emissions consistent with halting anthropogenic warming are +2.2 GtCO2/yr (5–95th percentile range spans −7.3 to +6.2 GtCO2/yr), similar to the expected emissions from unmodelled Earth system feedbacks.