bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Pharmacological Effects of Bioactive Peptides on Human Nervous Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Shrivastava Aman , Jain Divya , Yadav Amrendra Pratap , Dwivedi Sumeet , Dubey Anubhav , Kumar Shivendra
Published: August 2024

A family of peptides known as bioactive peptides has unique physiological properties and
may be used to improve human health and prevent illness. Because bioactive peptides impact the
immunological, endocrine, neurological, and cardiovascular systems, they have drawn a lot of
interest from researchers. According to recent studies, bioactive peptides have a lot to offer in the
treatment of inflammation, neuronal regeneration, localized ischemia, and the blood-brain barrier. It
investigates various peptide moieties, including antioxidative properties, immune response modulation,
and increased blood-brain barrier permeability. It also looks at how well they work as therapeutic
candidates and finds promising peptide-based strategies for better outcomes. Furthermore, it
underscores the need for further studies to support their clinical utility and suggests that results from
such investigations will enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions. In
order to understand recent advances in BPs and to plan future research, academic researchers and
industrial partners will find this review article to be a helpful resource.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Jisheng Shenqi Pills in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Network Pharmacology Combined with Experimental Verification
Authors: Ma Xiaoshu , Zhou Guangju
Published: August 2024

Background:

While the annual incidence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been
soaring, the exact mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain partially understood.

Objective:

The present study delved into the underlying mechanisms of Jisheng Shenqi Pill (JSP)
in the treatment of DKD.

Methods:

The active constituents and prospective targets of JSP were identified from the Traditional
Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), while
DKD-associated disease targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. Subsequently, Gene
Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
pathway enrichment analyses were performed to assess the overlapping segment of drugs and disease
targets. Meanwhile, a component-target-pathway network was constructed to identify pivotal
components, targets, and pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were
also carried out to validate the binding efficacy of the pivotal components with the targets. Finally,
animal experiments were conducted to corroborate the efficacy of the aforementioned targets
and pathways.

Results:

According to bioinformatics analysis, the primary targets included JUN, TNF, and BAX,
while the pivotal pathways involved were AGE/RAGE and PI3K/AKT signaling cascades. In vivo
experiments demonstrated that JSP effectively mitigated renal impairment in DKD by reducing renal
inflammation and apoptosis. This effect was presumably achieved by modulating the AGERAGE
axis and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Our findings imply that JSP could ameliorate renal inflammation and apoptosis in
DKD mice by modulating the AGE/RAGE axis and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings
provide valuable insights into traditional Chinese medicine-based treatments for DKD.
A Comparative Analysis of Norepinephrine with Midodrine/Octreotide in Patients with Hepatorenal Syndrome-acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Maghsudlou Maryam , Nourozi Alireza , Mehravar Fatemeh , Amirkhanlou Saeid
Published: August 2024

Background

Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of end-stage liver disease characterized by functional renal impairment. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of norepinephrine compared to midodrine/octreotide in managing patients diagnosed with hepatorenal syndrome type 1.

Materials and Methods

In this double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial, 50 patients with hepatorenal syndrome type 1 were randomly assigned to the norepinephrine and midodrine/octreotide groups. The norepinephrine group received an initial dose of 1 mg/h (up to a maximum of 4 mg/h) along with daily intravenous injections of 20% albumin (20-40 grams per day) throughout the study period. The control group received midodrine (maximum dose of 15 mg three times a day), octreotide (maximum dose of 200 micrograms intravenously three times a day), and 20 to 40 mg of 20% albumin daily. The primary efficacy measure was the percentage of patients achieving a complete response, defined by the restoration of serum creatinine levels to within 0.3 mg/dl of the baseline by the end of treatment.

Results

There was no significant difference in the rate of complete response between the norepinephrine group (7/25, 28%) and the midodrine/octreotide group (3/25, 12%) (p=0.15). The mortality rate was 10 (40%) in the norepinephrine group and 12 (48%) in the midodrine/octreotide group. Although the mortality rate was higher in the midodrine/octreotide group (12/25, 48%) compared to the norepinephrine group (10/25, 40%), this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.77).

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that the norepinephrine treatment regimen can be as effective as or more effective than the midodrine/octreotide regimen in treating hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, these two treatment regimens can be used interchangeably.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

IRCT20230228057568N1
Nanomedicine: An Emerging Tool in Healing Chronic Wounds and its Opportunities
Authors: Kulkarni Yukta , Chanana Arsh , Gupta Pooja , Narayan Aditya , Shanker Oma , Patel Akhilesh , Havelikar Ujwal , Mahato Bhabesh , Singh Dharmendra , Parveen Sadia , Singh Ravindra Pal , Chawra Himmat Singh
Published: August 2024

:

Chronic wounds generally take a lot of time to recover, which becomes a cause of worry for the patient and also makes it difficult to manage them.
Chronic wound affects the minds of millions of people worldwide, which results in a high mortality rate. Nanomedicine has emerged as a
promising tool in addressing this issue of chronic wounds. Nanomedicine in chronic wound healing holds the potential to revolutionize wound care
by offering various personalized treatments and improving patient outcomes. Advanced wound dressings and nanofibresscaffolds promote tissue
regeneration, which also accelerates wound closure. Nanomedicine is also able to provoke the various cellular and molecular mechanisms that are
involved in the wound microenvironment, showing the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and angiogenetic effects. The gene therapy and various
inflammation modulations using this emerging tool of nanotechnology show promising results in managing the various chronic wounds.
Nanomedicine offers innovative approaches to address these challenges. Nanomedicine also plays a crucial role in tissue engineering, which can
also be used for chronic wound treatment. Nanotechnology has enabled the various development of advanced wound dressings and has improved
various properties. Nanomedicine also uses antimicrobial nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles, to combat the various infections in chronic
wounds. The main aim of the review is to provide a concise overview of nanomedicine as a recent tool in healing chronic wounds and also its
various opportunities for curing chronic wounds.
SKENARIO PENGEMBANGAN SEKTOR KEPARIWISATAAN BROMO-TENGGER-SEMERU
Authors: Adrianto Dimas Wisnu , Nisa Hikmatun , Maulana Fajar Hasri
Published: August 2024

Penetapan Taman Nasional Bromo-Tengger Semeru (TNBTS) sebagai Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN) menuntut perlunya perencanaan sektor kepariwisataan yang strategis dan terpadu. Artikel ini mempresentasikan hasil penelitian yang berfokus pada pemetaan skenario masa depan sebagai bagian dari proses perencanaan strategis TNBTS. Analisis yang memberi pondasi bagi pemetaan skenario mencakup analisis potensi dan permasalahan terhadap dimensi serta komponen kepariwisataan. Hasil penelitian memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang potensi dan masalah TNBTS serta skenario pengembangan yang paling menguntungkan. Analisis kebutuhan lahan untuk akomodasi, fasilitas, dan permukiman juga dilakukan sebagai refleksi terhadap skenario pengembangan dengan memperhatikan ketersediaan lahan dan zona pengembangan. Hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang kebutuhan dan ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan pariwisata TNBTS. Tiga skenario pengembangan dihasilkan meliputi skenario Pessimistic, Business as Usual (BAU), dan Optimistic. Dengan skenario pengembangan yang jelas, diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan potensi pariwisata TNBTS untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat, sekaligus menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan.
Creating a Culturally Safe Online Data Collection Instrument to Measure Vaccine Confidence Among Indigenous Youth: Indigenous Consensus Method
Authors: Maar Marion , Bourdon Caleigh , Berti Joahnna , Bisaillon Emma , Boesch Lisa , Boston Alicia , Chapdelaine Justin , Humphrey Alison , Kumar Sandeep , Maar-Jackson Benjamin , Martell Robert , Naokwegijig Bruce , Preet Kaur Davinder , Rice Sarah , Rickaby Barbara , Sutherland Mariette , Reade Maurianne
Published: August 2024

Background

 Participating in surveys can shape the perception of participants related to the study topic. Administering a vaccine hesitancy questionnaire can have negative impacts on participants’ vaccine confidence. This is particularly true for online and cross-cultural data collection because culturally safe health education to correct misinformation is typically not provided after the administration of an electronic survey.

Objective

 To create a culturally safe, online, COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey for Indigenous youth designed to collect authentic, culturally relevant data of their vaccine experiences, with a low risk of contributing to further vaccine confusion among participants.

Methods

 Using the Aboriginal Telehealth Knowledge Circle consensus method, a team of academics, health care providers, policy makers, and community partners reviewed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy surveys used in public health research, analyzed potential risks, and created a framework for electronic Indigenous vaccine confidence surveys as well as survey items.

Results

 The framework for safer online survey items is based on 2 principles, a first do-no-harm approach and applying a strengths-based lens. Relevant survey domains identified in the process include sociodemographic information, participants’ connection to their community, preferred sources for health information, vaccination uptake among family members and peers, as well as personal attitudes toward vaccines. A total of 44 survey items were developed, including 5 open-ended items to improve the authenticity of the data and the analysis of the experiences of Indigenous youth.

Conclusions

 Using an Indigenous consensus method, we have developed an online COVID-19 vaccine confidence survey with culturally relevant domains and reduced the risk of amplifying misinformation and negative impacts on vaccine confidence among Indigenous participants. Our approach can be adapted to other online survey development in collaboration with Indigenous communities.
Perception of Medication Safety–Related Behaviors Among Different Age Groups: Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lang Yan , Chen Kay-Yut , Zhou Yuan , Kosmari Ludmila , Daniel Kathryn , Gurses Ayse , Young Richard , Arbaje Alicia , Xiao Yan
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous research and safety advocacy groups have proposed various behaviors for older adults to actively engage in medication safety. However, little is known about how older adults perceive the importance and reasonableness of these behaviors in ambulatory settings.

Objective

This study aimed to assess older adults’ perceptions of the importance and reasonableness of 8 medication safety behaviors in ambulatory settings and compare their responses with those of younger adults.

Methods

We conducted a survey of 1222 adults in the United States using crowdsourcing to evaluate patient behaviors that may enhance medication safety in community settings. A total of 8 safety behaviors were identified based on the literature, such as bringing medications to office visits, confirming medications at home, managing medication refills, using patient portals, organizing medications, checking medications, getting help, and knowing medications. Respondents were asked about their perception of the importance and reasonableness of these behaviors on a 5-point Likert rating scale in the context of collaboration with primary care providers. We assessed the relative ranking of behaviors in terms of importance and reasonableness and examined the association between these dimensions across age groups using statistical tests.

Results

Of 1222 adult participants, 125 (10.2%) were aged 65 years or older. Most participants were White, college-educated, and had chronic conditions. Older adults rated all 8 behaviors significantly higher in both importance and reasonableness than did younger adults (P<.001 for combined behaviors). Confirming medications ranked highest in importance (mean score=3.78) for both age groups while knowing medications ranked highest in reasonableness (mean score=3.68). Using patient portals was ranked lowest in importance (mean score=3.53) and reasonableness (mean score=3.49). There was a significant correlation between the perceived importance and reasonableness of the identified behaviors, with coefficients ranging from 0.436 to 0.543 (all P<.001).

Conclusions

Older adults perceived the identified safety behaviors as more important and reasonable than younger adults. However, both age groups considered a behavior highly recommended by professionals as the least important and reasonable. Patient engagement strategies, common and specific to age groups, should be considered to improve medication safety in ambulatory settings.
A Serious Game for Enhancing Rescue Reasoning Skills in Tactical Combat Casualty Care: Development and Deployment Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhu Siyue , Li Zenan , Sun Ying , Kong Linghui , Yin Ming , Yong Qinge , Gao Yuan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Serious games (SGs) have emerged as engaging and instructional digital simulation tools that are increasingly being used for military medical training. SGs are often compared with traditional media in terms of learning outcomes, but it remains unclear which of the 2 options is more efficient and better accepted in the process of knowledge acquisition.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to create and test a scenario-based system suitable for enhancing rescue reasoning skills in tactical combat casualty care.

METHODS

To evaluate the effectiveness of the SGs, a randomized, observational, comparative trial was conducted. A total of 148 members from mobile medical logistics teams were recruited for training. Pre- and posttraining assessments were conducted using 2 different formats: a video-based online course (n=78) and a game simulation (n=70). We designed 3 evaluation instruments based on the first 2 levels of the Kirkpatrick model (reaction and learning) to measure trainees’ satisfaction, knowledge proficiency, and self-confidence.

RESULTS

There were 4 elements that made up the learning path for the SGs: microcourses (video-based online courses), self-test, game simulation, and record query. The knowledge test scores in both groups were significantly higher after the intervention (t154=–6.010 and t138=–7.867, respectively; P<.001). For 5 simulation cases, the average operation time was 13.6 (SD 3.3) minutes, and the average case score was 279.0 (SD 57.6) points (from a possible total of 500 points), with a score rate of only 44% (222/500 points) to 67% (336/500 points). The results indicated no significant difference in trainees’ satisfaction between the 2 training methods (P=.04). However, the game simulation method outperformed the video-based online course in terms of learning proficiency (t146=–2.324, P=.02) and self-perception (t146=–5.492, P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the high satisfaction reported by trainees for both training methods, the game simulation approach demonstrated superior efficiency and acceptance in terms of knowledge acquisition, self-perception, and overall performance. The developed SG holds significant potential as an essential assessment tool for evaluating frontline rescue skills and rescue reasoning in mobile medical logistics teams.
Debate and Dilemmas Regarding Generative AI in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Xian Xuechang , Chang Angela , Xiang Yu-Tao , Liu Matthew Tingchi
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental disorders have ranked among the top 10 prevalent causes of burden on a global scale. Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) has emerged as a promising and innovative technological advancement that has significant potential in the field of mental health care. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research dedicated to examining and understanding the application landscape of GAI within this domain.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to inform the current state of GAI knowledge and identify its key uses in the mental health domain by consolidating relevant literature.

METHODS

Records were searched within 8 reputable sources including Web of Science, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, medRxiv, bioRxiv, Google Scholar, CNKI and Wanfang databases between 2013 and 2023. Our focus was on original, empirical research with either English or Chinese publications that use GAI technologies to benefit mental health. For an exhaustive search, we also checked the studies cited by relevant literature. Two reviewers were responsible for the data selection process, and all the extracted data were synthesized and summarized for brief and in-depth analyses depending on the GAI approaches used (traditional retrieval and rule-based techniques vs advanced GAI techniques).

RESULTS

In this review of 144 articles, 44 (30.6%) met the inclusion criteria for detailed analysis. Six key uses of advanced GAI emerged: mental disorder detection, counseling support, therapeutic application, clinical training, clinical decision-making support, and goal-driven optimization. Advanced GAI systems have been mainly focused on therapeutic applications (n=19, 43%) and counseling support (n=13, 30%), with clinical training being the least common. Most studies (n=28, 64%) focused broadly on mental health, while specific conditions such as anxiety (n=1, 2%), bipolar disorder (n=2, 5%), eating disorders (n=1, 2%), posttraumatic stress disorder (n=2, 5%), and schizophrenia (n=1, 2%) received limited attention. Despite prevalent use, the efficacy of ChatGPT in the detection of mental disorders remains insufficient. In addition, 100 articles on traditional GAI approaches were found, indicating diverse areas where advanced GAI could enhance mental health care.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the use of GAI in mental health care, which serves as a valuable guide for future research, practical applications, and policy development in this domain. While GAI demonstrates promise in augmenting mental health care services, its inherent limitations emphasize its role as a supplementary tool rather than a replacement for trained mental health providers. A conscientious and ethical integration of GAI techniques is necessary, ensuring a balanced approach that maximizes benefits while mitigating potential challenges in mental health care practices.
Development of Automated Triggers in Ambulatory Settings in Brazil: Protocol for a Machine Learning–Based Design Thinking Study (Preprint)
Authors: Herrera Claire Nierva , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Herrera João Paulo , Cavalli Ricardo
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of technologies has had a significant impact on patient safety and the quality of care and has increased globally. In the literature, it has been reported that people die annually due to adverse events (AEs), and various methods exist for investigating and measuring AEs. However, some methods have a limited scope, data extraction, and the need for data standardization. In Brazil, there are few studies on the application of trigger tools, and this study is the first to create automated triggers in ambulatory care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML)–based automated trigger for outpatient health care settings in Brazil.

METHODS

A mixed methods research will be conducted within a design thinking framework and the principles will be applied in creating the automated triggers, following the stages of (1) empathize and define the problem, involving observations and inquiries to comprehend both the user and the challenge at hand; (2) ideation, where various solutions to the problem are generated; (3) prototyping, involving the construction of a minimal representation of the best solutions; (4) testing, where user feedback is obtained to refine the solution; and (5) implementation, where the refined solution is tested, changes are assessed, and scaling is considered. Furthermore, ML methods will be adopted to develop automated triggers, tailored to the local context in collaboration with an expert in the field.

RESULTS

This protocol describes a research study in its preliminary stages, prior to any data gathering and analysis. The study was approved by the members of the organizations within the institution in January 2024 and by the ethics board of the University of São Paulo and the institution where the study will take place. in May 2024. As of June 2024, stage 1 commenced with data gathering for qualitative research. A separate paper focused on explaining the method of ML will be considered after the outcomes of stages 1 and 2 in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

After the development of automated triggers in the outpatient setting, it will be possible to prevent and identify potential risks of AEs more promptly, providing valuable information. This technological innovation not only promotes advances in clinical practice but also contributes to the dissemination of techniques and knowledge related to patient safety. Additionally, health care professionals can adopt evidence-based preventive measures, reducing costs associated with AEs and hospital readmissions, enhancing productivity in outpatient care, and contributing to the safety, quality, and effectiveness of care provided. Additionally, in the future, if the outcome is successful, there is the potential to apply it in all units, as planned by the institutional organization.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/55466
Identifying Barriers to the Adoption of Digital Contact Tracing Apps in England: Semistructured Interview Study With Professionals Involved in the Pandemic Response (Preprint)
Authors: Palmer Anna , Sharma Shaishab , Nagpal Jayesh , Kimani Victor , Mai Florence , Ahmed Zara
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The NHS (National Health Service) COVID-19 app was a digital contact tracing app (DCTA) used in England in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of which was to limit the spread of COVID-19 by providing exposure alerts. At the time of the pandemic, questions were raised regarding the effectiveness and cost of the NHS COVID-19 app and whether DCTAs have a role in future pandemics.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore key barriers to DCTAs in England during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

This is a qualitative study using semistructured video interviews conducted with professionals in public health, digital health, clinicians, health care law, and health executives who had an active role in the COVID-19 pandemic. These interviews aimed to explore the perspective of different experts involved in the pandemic response and gauge their opinions on the key barriers to DCTAs in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial use of maximum variation sampling combined with a snowball sampling approach ensured diversity within the cohort of interviewees. Interview transcripts were then analyzed using Braun and Clarke's 6 steps for thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Key themes that acted as barriers to DCTAs were revealed by interviewees such as privacy concerns, poor communication, technological accessibility, digital literacy, and incorrect use of the NHS COVID-19 app. Interviewees believed that some of these issues stemmed from poor governmental communication and a lack of transparency regarding how the NHS COVID-19 app worked, resulting in decreased public trust. Moreover, interviewees highlighted that a lack of social support integration within the NHS COVID-19 app and delayed app notification period also contributed to the poor adoption rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Qualitative findings from interviews highlighted barriers to the NHS COVID-19 app, which can be applied to DCTAs more widely and highlight some important implications for the future use of DCTAS. There was no consensus among interviewees as to whether the NHS COVID-19 app was a success; however, all interviewees provided recommendations for improvements in creating and implementing DCTAs in the future.
Recent developments in photothermal therapy: A bibliometric and visual analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Qiu Jr Jiaxuan
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has recently garnered significant attention as a prominent noninvasive treatment modality for a broad spectrum of diseases. Despite the increasing volume of scholarly output over the last 20 years, a holistic synthesis delineating worldwide research trajectories remains elusive.

OBJECTIVE

We undertook a bibliometric analysis of the literature spanning 2004 to 2023 aiming to delineate the prevailing focal points and illuminate prospective research avenues.

METHODS

Research articles on PTT were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Using tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix, we performed a comprehensive analysis and visualization of annual publication trends, favored academic journals, global collaborative networks, co-cited references, and prevalent keywords.

RESULTS

Over the past 20 years, 11,184 academic papers on PTT have been published. Among the contributing countries, China had the highest number of publications, accounting for 70.1% of the total number of research papers, with the top 10 publishing institutions also being from China. Journals related to PTT primarily comprised interdisciplinary and comprehensive journals. Research related to PTT has primarily focused on its antitumor properties. Based on keyword search analysis, we concluded that “chemodynamic therapy,” “nanozyme,” “immunogenic cell death,” and “antimicrobial” reflected the current research hotspots.

CONCLUSIONS

Medical applications of PTT have garnered considerable attention, with notable contributions emerging from Chinese research institutions. Current focal areas in this domain include the synergistic combination of PTT with photodynamic therapy, the immunological mechanisms of PTT to enhance its therapeutic efficacy, the integrated use of PTT with nanoenzyme catalysis, and the role of PTT in antimicrobial applications. This bibliometric analysis serves as a pioneering effort that examines the medical applications of PTT, offering insights into the global research landscape, key areas of interest, and emerging trends, thereby providing a valuable reference for future studies in this field.
Baseline Smartphone App Survey Return in a new eCohort of Older Adults: The eFHS Offspring and Omni 1 Study (Preprint)
Authors: Rong Jian , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H. , Zhang Yuankai , Faro Jamie M. , Wang Xuzhi , Schramm Eric , Borrelli Belinda , Benjamin Emelia J. , Liu Chunyu , Murabito Joanne M.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Smartphone applications (apps) can be used to monitor chronic conditions and offer opportunities for self-assessment conveniently at home. However, few digital studies include older adults.

OBJECTIVE

To describe a new electronic cohort (eCohort) of older adults embedded in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) including baseline smartphone survey return rates and survey completion rates by smartphone type (iPhone and Android users). To report survey results for selected baseline surveys and participant experience with the study app.

METHODS

FHS Offspring and Omni (multi-ethnic cohort) participants who owned a smartphone were invited to download the study app that contained a range of survey types to report on different aspects of health including self-reported measures from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). iPhone users also completed four cognitive and physical function testing tasks. Baseline survey return and completion rates were calculated for 12 surveys and compared between iPhone and Android users. We calculated standardized scores for the PROMIS surveys. The Mobile App Rating Survey (MARS) was deployed 30 days after enrollment to obtain participant feedback on app functionality and aesthetics.

RESULTS

We enrolled 611 smartphone users (average age 73.6±6.3 years, 56.6% women, 14.4% Omni participants, 77% iPhone users) and 596 (97.5%) returned at least one baseline survey. iPhone users had higher app survey return rates than Android users for each survey (range 85.5 to 98.3% vs 73.8 to 95.2% respectively), but survey completion rates did not differ in the two smartphone groups. The return rate for the four iPhone tasks ranged from 80.9% for the Gait task to 88.9% for the Trail Making Test task. The eFHS participants had better standardized T-scores in six of seven PROMIS surveys compared to the general population mean (T-score =50) including higher cognitive function (55.6) and lower fatigue (45.5). Among 469 participants who returned the MARS survey, app functionality and aesthetics was rated high (total MARS score = 8.6 on a 1-10 scale).

CONCLUSIONS

We effectively engaged community-dwelling older adults to use a smartphone app designed to collect health information relevant to older adults. High app survey return rates and very high app survey completion rates were observed along with high participant rating of the study app.
Self-Reported Side Effects Associated With Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: Social Media Data Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Joshi Aditya , Kaune Diego Federico , Leff Phillip , Fraser Emily , Lee Sarah , Harrison Morgan , Hazin Moustafa
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

This study focuses on the prevalence and dangers of selective androgen receptor modulator use through a social media (Reddit) analysis. Physicians should be aware that patients are increasingly seeking medical advice through social media, and adverse events are likely underreported in the literature.
Testing the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Efficacy of an Innovative Digital Mental Health Care Delivery Model Designed to Increase Access to Care: Open Trial of the Digital Clinic (Preprint)
Authors: Macrynikola Natalia , Chen Kelly , Lane Erlend , Nguyen Nic , Pinto Jennifer , Yen Shirley , Torous John
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Mental health concerns have become increasingly prevalent; however, care remains inaccessible to many. While digital mental health interventions offer a promising solution, self-help and even coached apps have not fully addressed the challenge. There is now a growing interest in hybrid, or blended, care approaches that use apps as tools to augment, rather than to entirely guide, care. The Digital Clinic is one such model, designed to increase access to high-quality mental health services.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of the Digital Clinic model, this study aims to conduct a nonrandomized open trial with participants experiencing depression, anxiety, or both, at various levels of clinical severity.

METHODS

Clinicians were trained in conducting brief transdiagnostic evidence-based treatment augmented by a mental health app (mindLAMP); digital navigators were trained in supporting participants’ app engagement and digital literacy while also sharing app data with both patients and clinicians. Feasibility and acceptability of this 8-week program were assessed against a range of benchmarks. Potential efficacy was assessed by calculating pre-post change in symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9), anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), and comorbid depression and anxiety (Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-ADS), as well as rates of clinically meaningful improvement and remission. Secondary outcomes included change in functional impairment, self-efficacy in managing emotions, and flourishing.

RESULTS

Of the 258 enrolled participants, 215 (83.3%) completed the 8-week program. Most were White (n=151, 70.2%) and identified as cisgender women (n=136, 63.3%), with a mean age of 41 (SD 14) years. Feasibility and acceptability were good to excellent across a range of domains. The program demonstrated potential efficacy: the average PHQ-9 score was moderate to moderately severe at baseline (mean 13.39, SD 4.53) and decreased to subclinical (mean 7.79, SD 4.61) by the end of the intervention (t126=12.50, P<.001, Cohen d=1.11). Similarly, the average GAD-7 score decreased from moderate at baseline (mean 12.93, SD 3.67) to subclinical (mean 7.35, SD 4.19) by the end of the intervention (t113=13, P<.001, Cohen d=1.22). Participation in the program was also associated with high rates of clinically significant improvement and remission.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that the Digital Clinic model is feasible, acceptable, and potentially efficacious, warranting a future randomized controlled trial to establish the efficacy of this innovative model of care.
Analisis Genangan Banjir Terhadap Penutup Lahan di Wilayah Tangerang Menggunakan Data Citra Sentinel-1 dan Sentinel-2
Authors: Kenranto Rizky Aga , Hidayat Husnul , Bioresita Filsa
Published: August 2024

Banjir mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap kondisi masyarakat baik secara sosial, ekonomi, maupun lingkungan. Terkait pengaruh terhadap lingkungan, banjir memiliki dampak yang dapat mempengaruhi kondisi penutup lahan. Salah satu upaya mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan terkait banjir adalah dengan pemanfaatan data citra satelit penginderaan jauh, yakni menggunakan satelit Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Pemetaan banjir dapat menggunakan data citra satelit SAR karena data SAR bebas awan dan dapat beroperasi siang dan malam. Dalam proses pemetaan genangan banjir diperlukan informasi mengenai jenis penutup lahan yang terdampak banjir untuk analisa dampak banjir terhadap lingkungan. Oleh karena itu banjir sangat berkaitan dengan penutup lahan. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai pemetaan banjir wilayah Tangerang pada tanggal 23 Maret 2022 dan hubungannya dengan penutup lahan pada area tersebut. Pengolahan data citra SAR Sentinel-1 dengan  metode change detection dan threshold digunakan untuk pemetaan genangan banjir, sedangkan data citra Sentinel-2 level 2 dengan metode supervised classification, algoritma Classification and Regression Tress (CART) digunakan untuk klasifikasi penutup lahan. Berdasarkan pengolahan klasifikasi penutup lahan didapatkan hasil berupa peta penutup lahan dengan nilai Overall Accuracy sebesar 94,84% dan nilai Kappa sebesar 93,17%, yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam beberapa kelas penutup lahan yaitu badan air, lahan terbangun, vegetasi, lahan kosong dan sawah. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan pengolahan sebaran genangan banjir pada tanggal 23 Maret 2022 dengan nilai threshold 1,20 didapatkan hasil confusion matrix sebesar 94,34%, dan luas genangan banjir sebesar 14.987 ha. Berdasarkan pengolahan overlay diketahui bahwa kelas tutupan lahan yang terkena dampak banjir paling tinggi yaitu kelas lahan terbangun dan kelas vegetasi, dengan masing-masing luas sebesar 5.179,427 ha dan 5.164,562 ha.
Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Data Spasial Aset Jalan Tol (Studi Kasus Ruas Jalan Tol Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar)
Authors: Setyadi Wawan , Nurhadryani Yani , Hermadi Irman
Published: August 2024

Jalan tol merupakan infrastruktur yang memegang peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi, sehingga aset-aset yang terkait dengan jalan tol perlu dikelola dengan baik. Kini, pengelolaan aset jalan tol dinilai sulit karena masih dilakukan secara manual dengan data yang sangat banyak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Road Asset Management System (RAMS) yang dapat mempermudah pengelolaan aset secara digital. Data yang digunakan merupakan data spasial dan non-spasial aset jalan tol ruas Bakauheni-Terbanggi Besar. Sistem dikembangan menggunakan Y-Model Webgis Methodology (YWDM) dengan bahasa pemrograman HTML, PHP, JavaScript, dan CSS. RAMS yang dikembangkan berupa berupa sebuah WebGIS yang dapat menampilkan visualisasi aset jalan tol pada peta online OpenStreetMap, menambahkan aset baru menggunakan file GeoJSON, mencari dan melihat rincian aset, serta melihat rekap aset dalam bentuk grafik. Data aset seperti identifikasi jalan, ramp, akses, rambu jalan, lampu jalan, dan lainnya dengan total 51 tabel data spasial dan 31 tabel data non-spasial tersimpan dalam basis data PosgreSQL. Pengguna yang dapat mengakses sistem ini terbagi atas dua peran, yaitu admin yang dapat mengelola aset dan publik yang hanya dapat melihat aset. Pengujian fungsionalitas yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa sistem dapat berjalan dengan baik.
The Innovative Model of Blockchain Technology and Its Application in Promoting International Fair Trade: Design and Analysis of the IFTBOM Blockchain Framework Model
Authors: Zhu Chenxu
Published: August 2024

In this Research, researchers proposed a new framework model for applying blockchain technology, aiming to solve multiple challenges in international fair trade. Through a detailed analysis of the existing trade imbalance and market access restrictions, the paper expounds how blockchain technology can improve the transparency and fairness of trade through its core functions.Globalization and technological progress have promoted the rapid development of international trade, but also brought many challenges. The fair-trade movement tried to provide more fair-trading conditions for small-scale producers in developing countries, but the market acceptance was not high, and consumers' cognition was limited. The purpose of this study is to explore how blockchain technology can promote fair trade practices, especially through real-time monitoring and verification of the fairness of trade activities, and how to deal with uncertainties and data changes in fair trade. The design and implementation of IFTBOM model is expected to significantly improve the global fair-trade environment, especially for small-scale producers in developing countries, and help significantly improve their economic and social conditions. By implementing these policies and practices, we can expect to achieve a fairer and more transparent trade environment in the global context.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Pesticides and Plant Extracts in Controlling the Adults of Southern Cowpea Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Karbalaa, Iraq., Kashmar Ikbal Z. A. , Mohamad Ali Mushtaq T. ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Karbalaa, Iraq.
Published: August 2024

Kashmar, I.Z.A. and M.T. Mohammadali. 2024. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Some Pesticides and Plant Extracts in Controlling the Adults of Southern Cowpea Beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Under Laboratory Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 196-201. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001228 The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of Coragen, Oxymatrine, and the fruits extracts of black pepper, Piper nigrum and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulenses against adults of the southern cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, under laboratory conditions. The results obtained showed that the use of Coragen, achieved the highest mortality rates of 80.08, 83.24, and 95.00% at concentrations of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ml/L, respectively, 7 days after treatment, as compared to Oxymatrine, which caused a mortality rate of 70.00, 79.83, and 88.58%, respectively, at the same concentrations and after the same time period. Results also showed that the essential oil extract of black 200 مجلة وقاية النبات العربية، مجلد ،42 عدد 2 ) 2024( pepper fruits caused the highest mortality rate of adult insects at a concentration of 3 ml per liter, producing 75.00% mortality, compared to the treatment of eucalyptus extract, which produced 63.61% insect mortality, 7 days after treatment. Keywords: Oxymatrine, coragen, Callosobruchus maculatus, Pipper nigrum, Eucalyptus camaldulense, plant extracts.
Effect of Some Biological Agents on Fungi Isolated from Roots and Soil around it of Cupressus spp. Trees
Authors:   Biology Department, College of Sciences, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq, Al-Ameri Hadeel A.
Published: August 2024

Al-Ameri, H.A. 2024. Effect of Some Biological Agents on Fungi Isolated from Roots and Soil around it of Cupressus spp. Trees. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 224-228. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001233 Relative occurrence of fungi associated with six root and six soil samples from the rhizosphere of Cupressus/cypruss trees with root rot, leaf blight or wilt symptoms were investigated. Results of the root samples (average of six samples) showed that the relative occurrence of Fusarium culmorum was the highest (36.81%), followed by F. solani (29.7%), Alternaria. alternate (14.19%), F. oxysporum (10.67%), R. solani (5.51%), Pythium spp. (1.69%), Helminthosporium spp. (0.85%), Bipolaris spp. (0.24%) and Stemphilium herbarum (0.18%). However, the average occurrence in the six soil rhizosphere samples was the highest for F. solani (41.28%), followed by R. solani (19.76%), F. culmorum (16.5%), F. oxysporum (8.77%), Bipolaris spp. (6.17%), A. alternata (3.99%), Pythium spp. (2.70%), Stemphylium herbarum (0.60%), and Helminthosporium spp. (0.27%). Results also showed that Trichoderma harzianum had a high antagonistic efficiency against the three studied fungi isolated from cypress tree roots and the surrounding soil, namely F. culmorum, F. solani and Helminthosporium spp. Based on 1-5 scale, the inhibition level was 1.0 against each of the pathogenic fungi F. culmorum, F. solani, and 2.0 against Helminthosporium spp. The results also showed that the use of B. subitlis as bacterial bio-control agent led to a significant inhibition of the growth of the three isolated fungi, F. culmorum, F. solani and Helminthosporium spp. cultured on PDA medium. Keywords: Bio-control agents, F. culmorum, F. solani, Cypress trees.
Effect of Standard and Nano-Urea on the Inhibition of the Fungus Aspergillus flavus Growth and Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 Production in the Laboratory
Authors:   ) General Seed Company Between the Two Rivers, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Iraq, Hussein Alia Haikal , Hussein Halima Zaghir ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq. *
Published: August 2024

Hussein, A.H. and H.Z. Hussein. 2024. Effect of Standard and Nano-Urea on the Inhibition of the Fungus Aspergillus flavus Growth and Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 Production in the Laboratory. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 184-188. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001235 The results obtained from this study showed that the standard and nano-urea at concentrations 1, 2, and 3% inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus on PDA medium by 54.90, 72.55 and 100% for normal urea, and 60.78, 100 and 100% for nano-urea, respectively, compared with normal growth in the control treatment. The results obtained also showed that adding the most effective concentrations of normal and nano urea to corn kernels with A. flavus and stored for 30 days led to the inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and reduced aflatoxin production by 73.22 and 78.30%, respectively, as compared to the control treatment. In addition, results showed that adding regular urea at a concentration of 3% and nano-urea at a concentration of 2% to maize grains contaminated with AFB1 and stored for 30 days led to the reduction of aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus by 78.74 and 83.36%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Keywords: Maize, Reduction ratio, Inhibition ratio, Nanotechnology, HPLC.
Aceite de maíz en la transferencia de embriones de ovejas Pelibuey
Authors: Márquez Hernández Christofer Israel , Pro Martínez Arturo , Torres Hernández Glafiro , Rangel Santos Raymundo , Gallegos Sánchez Jaime
Published: August 2024

Se evalúo el efecto de la inclusión de aceite de maíz (AM) en la dieta de ovejas Pelibuey en un protocolo de transferencia de embriones. Veinticuatro ovejas donadoras fueron asignadas al azar a cada uno de dos grupos (G), G1: doce ovejas alimentadas con una dieta base (DB) con AM y, G2: doce ovejas alimentadas con DB sin AM. Los embriones fueron obtenidos 6.5 días después del estro y transferidos a ovejas receptoras formando cuatro tratamientos: T1: receptoras alimentadas con dieta base con AM (DB+AM) transferidas con embriones de una donadora del G1 (n=23), T2: receptoras alimentadas con DB sin AM (DB-AM) transferidas con embriones de una donadora del G1 (n=18), T3: receptoras alimentadas con DB+AM transferidas con embriones de una donadora del G2 (n=9) y T4: receptoras alimentadas con DB-AM transferidas con embriones de una donadora del G2 (n=11). La inclusión de AM en la dieta incrementó (P<0.05) la tasa ovulatoria (10.5 ± 2.07 vs 6.3±2.07 cuerpos lúteos), el número de embriones transferibles (5.5 ± 1.4 vs 2.8 ± 1.4), embriones calidad 1 (4.41 ± 1.1 vs 2.08 ± 1.1) y la cantidad de estructuras totales (5.9 ± 1.5 vs 3.1 ± 2.7) por oveja donadora, y no se encontraron diferencias (P>0.05) en el porcentaje de gestación (43.4, 55.5, 55.5 y 36.3 %) en las receptoras para ninguno de los tratamientos. La inclusión de AM en la dieta de ovejas Pelibuey incrementa la respuesta superovulatoria en un protocolo de transferencia de embriones.
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A CRITICAL STUDY OF CULTURAL LEGITIMACY IN ACEH
Authors: Siti Sahara  , Hasyim Syarifuddin , Din Mohd. , Jauhari Iman
Published: August 2024

Women who become victims of domestic violence suffer significantly. Several things that happen in the family can lead to domestic violence. The wife and kids may experience psychological hardship as a result of domestic violence. Although the government established Law Number 23 of 2004 for the Elimination of Domestic Violence, women have not yet received the full extent of its legal protection. In Aceh, customary settlements are thought to offer victims of domestic violence more justice-based legal protection. This study intends to analyze how domestic violence cases are resolved in terms of Aceh's cultural characteristics. The maja hadith "Luka tasipat, darah tasukat" is taken into account when a non-penal settlement is made in Aceh. This study employs normative legal research and legal resources, including relevant statutes, rules, books, and periodicals. The study's findings demonstrate that local cultural solutions to domestic violence in Aceh might give victims of the crime legal security and justice. This fits with the philosophy of dignified justice when it comes to handling domestic violence case.