bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the impact of annual cancer genetic testing guideline updates on a past patient population
Authors: Johnson Jordan , Hogan Elizabeth , Merrill Michelle , Noss Ryan
Published: November 2023

Germline genetic testing for cancer predisposition genes has become an essential component of cancer treatment and risk reduction. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) releases annual genetic testing guidelines that identify characteristics of patients that could be affected by a hereditary cancer syndrome. These guidelines have broadened over time and the implications for past patients of cancer genetics clinics are not well understood. This study is a retrospective chart review aimed at determining the percentage and characteristics of past patients that meet updated NCCN guidelines (Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreas [BOP] v1.2022 and Colorectal [CRC] v1.2021), patients that attended a follow‐up appointment, and patients who went on to receive genetic testing. Clinical data and characteristics were compared between the study population as a whole and the cohort of patients that met updated NCCN guidelines BOP v1.2022 and CRC v1.2021. The study population consisted of 280 patients with 76 (27.1%) patients meeting updated NCCN guidelines BOP v1.2022 and CRC v1.2021. The year of initial cancer genetic counseling appointment was statistically significant (p = 0.023) with patients more likely to meet NCCN guidelines BOP v1.2022 and CRC v1.2021 with earlier initial cancer genetic counseling appointments. In the cohort that met updated NCCN guidelines BOP v1.2022 and CRC v1.2021, the most common reason was a change in the NCCN guidelines (BOP or CRC) (54/76, 71.1%) with triple‐negative breast cancer diagnosed at any age being the most impactful guideline change (19/54, 35.2%). Twenty‐one patients attended a follow‐up appointment (7.5%) and of those that received genetic testing (17/21, 81%) most received negative results (13/17, 61.9%), with one pathogenic, low penetrance result (1/17, 5.9%, CHEK2 p.I157T). Provider‐initiated follow‐up was attributed to most follow‐up appointments (16/21, 76.2%) implying patients do not tend to follow‐up on their own. Education to non‐genetics providers as well as targeted implementation of follow‐up protocols possibly managed by genetic counseling assistants and utilizing electronic medical record (EMR) patient messaging could lead to improved patient follow‐up.
自動体外式除細動器における不整脈検出能の実験的検討(Experimental investigation of arrhythmia detection by automated external defibrillators)
Authors: 穂ノ佳 古澤 , 雄之 木口 , 優美 米野 , 博太 木田 , 充 上野山 , 聡 藤見
Published: November 2023

【目的】自動体外式除細動器（AED）は，傷病者の心拍を自動解析し，致死性不整脈に対して電気ショックを施す装置である。しかし，AEDの不整脈鑑別能は各機器のアルゴリズムに依存しており不明な点も多い。そこで，AEDの上室性頻拍，心室頻拍，心室細動の波形鑑別能を調査し，AEDが治療の可否を判断する不整脈について検討した。【方法】Philips社製AED（Heart Start FRx）と日本光電社製AED（TEC–3150）を使用し，接触抵抗（70Ω）を組み込んだ実験用模擬回路を作成した。Fluke社製シミュレータ（ProSim 8）を用いて，上室性頻拍（心拍数120～200bpm），単形性心室頻拍（心拍数120～200bpm），多形性心室頻拍（5波形），心室細動（2波形）の模擬心電図波形をAEDに入力した。入力波形は一般的な心電図波形を模擬するため，すべて振幅0.5mVとした。各波形に対してAEDが治療を必要とした場合は陽性，不要と判断した場合は陰性として波形鑑別能を検証した。【結果】両機種とも上室性頻拍時はすべて陰性，心室細動時はすべて陽性と判定した。一方，単形性心室頻拍や多形性心室頻拍では不整脈鑑別能に機種間のばらつきを認めた。単形性心室頻拍時では，Heart Start FRxは，心拍数を問わずすべて陰性と判定されたのに対し，TEC–3150は180bpm未満の波形では陰性，それ以上では陽性と判定された。多形性心室頻拍時では，Heart Start FRxはすべて陰性，TEC–3150はすべて陽性と判定された。【結語】AEDは，機種によって不整脈鑑別能は大きく異なる可能性がある。医療従事者は，こうしたAEDの性能と限界を認識したうえで使用する必要がある。
Reconstructing the subcephalic musculature in Pucapampella and Ichthyostega
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexander N. , Kryukova Nadezhda V.
Published: November 2023

We present new reconstructions of subcephalic musculature for the stem chondrichthyan Pucapampella, the tetrapodomorph fish Eusthenopteron, and the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega. These reconstructions are based on macroscopic dissections of the head muscles of an archaic shark Heptranchias and an archaic actinopterygian Polypterus, that are combined with functional considerations and a reappraisal of not widely known theoretical concepts from the past. The subcephalic, as well as the supracephalic, musculature is formed by four anterior myomeres. They are continuous with subsequent myomeres of the trunk, but are innervated by ventral nerve roots of the medulla oblongata and thus belong to the head. The fourth subcephalic myomere ends with its posterior myoseptum on the occiput in osteichthyans, but on the first vertebra in chondrichthyans. The original function of subcephalic and supracephalic muscles in basal gnathostomes supposedly was to hold together anterior and posterior parts of the neurocranium during interaction with prey, such as the backward‐ripping prey dissection, hypothesized for Pucapampella. In sarcopterygian osteichthyans, subcephalic musculature is involved in active depression of the anterior part of the neurocranium; specialization of this mechanism resulted in a complete separation of m. subcephalicus from trunk myomeres in Latimeria. Fusion of anterior and posterior parts of the neurocranium has resulted in reduction of the subcephalic musculature in the majority of cartilaginous and bony fishes. However, hexanchid sharks retain three posterior subcephalic myomeres for backward‐ripping prey dissection. Polypterus and Chauliodus have retained the subcephalic musculature, but its function has shifted to a depression of the whole neurocranium.
Molecular characterization of a novel clade echovirus 3 isolated from patients with hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in southwest China
Authors: Chen Junwei , Chu Zhaoyang , Zhang Ming , Liu Yuhan , Feng Changzeng , Li Li , Yang Zhaoqing , Ma Shaohui
Published: November 2023

Echovirus 3 (E3) belongs to the species Enterovirus B. Currently, three nearly whole‐genome sequences of E3 are available in GenBank in China. In this study, we determined the whole genomic sequences of six E3 strains isolated from the stools of patients with hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease in Southwest China in 2022. Their nucleotide and amino acid sequences shared 82.1%–86.4% and 96.6%–97.2% identity with the prototype Morrisey strain, respectively, and showed 87.1% and 97.2% mutual identity. The six E3 strains are not clustered with other Chinese strains and formed a novel subgenotype (C6) with the recent American and British strains. Recombination analyses revealed that intertype recombination had occurred in the 2 C and 3D regions of the six E3 strains with coxsackieviruses B5 and B4, respectively. This study augments the nearly whole‐genome sequences of E3 in the GenBank database and extends the molecular characterization of this virus in China.
Characterization of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth honey: volatile profile, odor‐active compounds and odor properties
Authors: Li Hongxia , Liu Zhaolong , Shuai Mengying , Song Mei , Qiao Dong , Peng Wenjun , Chen Lanzhen
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Aroma is one of the most important quality criterion of different honeys and even defines their merchant value. The composition of volatile compounds, especially the characteristic odor‐active compounds, contributes significantly to the aroma of honey. Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss) Benth honey (ERBH) is a special honey in China with unique flavor characteristics. However, no work in the literature has investigated the volatile compounds and characteristic odor‐active compounds of ERBHs. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct systematic investigation into the volatile profile, odor‐active compounds and odor properties of ERBHs.

RESULTS

The characteristic fingerprint of ERBHs was successfully constructed with 12 characteristic peaks and a similarity range of 0.785–0.975. In total, 297 volatile compounds were identified and relatively quantified by headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, of which 61 and 31 were identified as odor‐active compounds by relative odor activity values and GC‐olfactometry analysis, respectively, especially the common 22 odor‐active compounds (E)‐β‐damascenone, phenethyl acetate, linalool, cis‐linalool oxide (furanoid), octanal, hotrienol, trans‐linalool oxide (furanoid), 4‐oxoisophorone and eugenol, etc., contributed significantly to the aroma of ERBHs. The primary odor properties of ERBHs were floral, followed by fruity, herbaceous and woody aromas. The partial least‐squares regression results showed that the odor‐active compounds had good correlations with the odor properties.

CONCLUSION

Identifying the aroma differences of different honeys is of great importance. The present study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the quality and authenticity of ERBHs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Salivary Gland Secretory Carcinoma; Review of 13 Years World‐Wide Experience and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yosefof Eyal , Boldes Tomer , Dan Daniel , Robenshtok Eyal , Strenov Yulia , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Secretory Carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor, initially described in 2010. This rare tumor is associated with the translocation t(12;15) (p13;q25), resulting in the fusion gene ETV6‐NTRK3. Since this tumor is quite rare, most publications describe only small cohorts of patients. We aimed to investigate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic features of this newly defined malignant entity.

Data Sources

Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases.

Review Methods

All published articles between 2010 and 2023 were reviewed. Search terms included the terms “Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma” and “Secretory Carcinoma”. All articles published in English reporting on Secretory Carcinoma of salivary glands were retrieved.

Results

One‐hundred and 12 retrospective articles reporting a total of 674 patients were included, with 52% males and a mean age of 44.9 ± 18.9. The event rate for patients with advanced‐stage disease (Stage 3/4) at presentation was 24.1% (95% CI 17.6%–31.9%, I2 = 9.2%), 14.6% for regional metastases (95% CI 10.5%–20%, I2 = 12%), and the event rate of distant metastasis was 8.4% (95% CI 5.5%–12.7%, I2 = 4.2%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was administered for 30.3% of patients (95% CI 24.1%–37.2%, I2 = 21.5%). The recurrence rate was 19% (95% CI 15.1%–23.8%, I2 = 5%). Survival outcomes showed a 17.2% death of disease rate for Secretory Carcinoma patients (95% CI 13.5%–21.8%, I2 = 7.3%).

Conclusions

Secretory Carcinoma is a rare and relatively newly defined entity arising in the parotid gland most commonly. Characterized as a low‐grade tumor, the majority of patients are diagnosed at an early stage, without regional or distant disease, and the prognosis is relatively good.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1716–1724, 2024
Analysis‐aware defeaturing of complex geometries with Neumann features
Authors: Antolín Pablo , Chanon Ondine
Published: November 2023

Local modifications of a computational domain are often performed in order to simplify the meshing process and to reduce computational costs and memory requirements. However, removing geometrical features of a domain often introduces a non‐negligible error in the solution of a differential problem in which it is defined. In this work, we extend the results from Buffa et al. (Math Models Methods Appl Sci. 2022; 32(02):359–402.) by studying the case of domains containing an arbitrary number of distinct Neumann features, and by performing an analysis on Poisson's, linear elasticity, and Stokes' equations. We introduce a simple, computationally cheap, reliable, and efficient a posteriori estimator of the geometrical defeaturing error. Moreover, we also introduce a geometric refinement strategy that accounts for the defeaturing error: starting from a fully defeatured geometry, the algorithm determines at each iteration step which features need to be added to the geometrical model to reduce the defeaturing error. These important features are then added to the (partially) defeatured geometrical model at the next iteration, until the solution attains a prescribed accuracy. A wide range of two‐ and three‐dimensional numerical experiments are finally reported to illustrate this work.
A framework for GPR‐based water leakage detection by integrating hydromechanical modelling into electromagnetic modelling
Authors: Zhu Huamei , Xiao Feng , Zhou Yimin , Lai Wallace Wai Lok , Zhang Qianbing
Published: November 2023

Timely and accurate detection of water pipe leakage is critical to preventing the loss of freshwater and predicting potential hazards induced by the change in underground water conditions, thereby developing mitigation strategies to improve the resilience of pipeline infrastructure. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely applied to investigating ground conditions and detecting pipe leakage. However, due to uncertainties of complex underground environments and time‐lapse change, a proper interpretation of GPR data has been a challenging task. This paper aims to leverage hydromechanical (HM) modelling to predict electromagnetic (EM) responses of water leakage detection in diverse leakage cases. A high‐fidelity 3D digital model of an actual pipeline network, hosting pipes with various sizes and materials, was reconstructed to represent the complex geometry and various mediums. The interoperability between the digital model and the numerical models utilized in HM and EM simulations was improved to better capture the irregular pipelines. Based on Kriging interpolation and the volumetric complex refractive index model, a linking technique was employed to replicate material heterogeneity caused by water intrusion. Thus, a framework was developed to accommodate the interoperability among digital modelling, HM modelling and finite‐difference time‐domain forward modelling. Moreover, sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate the influences of different time stages, leak positions and pipe types on GPR responses. In GPR B‐scans, the presence of hyperbolic motion and horizontal reflections serve as indicators to estimate the location and scale of water leakage. Specifically, a downward‐shifting hyperbola indicates that the pipeline is submerged by leaked water, whereas the emergence of horizontal reflection is linked to the wetting front of saturated areas. The developed framework can be expanded for complicated applications, such as unknown locations and unforeseen failure modes of pipelines. It will increase the efficiency and accuracy of traditional interpretations of GPR‐based water leakage detection and thus enable automated interpretations by data‐driven methods.
Study on the heating mechanism and macro/micro properties of composite materials under microwave curing
Authors: Guan Chenglong , Zhan Lihua , Sun Fuwei , Yao Shunming , Zhong Shuncong , Wang Bing
Published: November 2023

Compared to composite components prepared by traditional thermal process, microwave‐cured laminates exhibit superior mechanical properties under the same heating cycle, indicating a unique heating mode that differs from air circulation. To progressively replace the thermal curing process with microwave technology in the aerospace composites manufacturing field, it is crucial to elucidate the heating mechanism of microwave‐cured composite materials. In this study, the microwave absorbing performance of both carbon fibers and epoxy resins was systematically compared and revealed. Drawing upon principles of organic chemical reaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the results demonstrated the swift response of carbon fibers to microwaves, which facilitated heightened functional group transformation and more complete curing reactions at the fiber‐matrix interface. Notably, as indicated by the results of the three‐point bending tests and fiber push‐in tests, microwave‐cured laminates displayed enhanced interlaminar and interfacial bonding properties in comparison to thermally cured counterparts, resulting in a 10.74% increase in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and a 20.23% rise in interfacial shear strength (IFSS).

Highlights

Carbon fibers exhibits a more pronounced ability to absorb microwaves than resins.

Microwave‐cured laminate achieves a higher degree of curing reaction.

Microwave curing enhances the ILSS and IFSS of composite materials.
A new method for studying the wear properties of novel wear‐resistant ethylene propylene diene monomers/polyamide elastomer material from the perspective of cross‐linked network structure
Authors: Hao Yupeng , Kadlcak Jakub , Yanesnunez Eduardo , Xu Jiayong , Liu Guangyong
Published: November 2023

The cross‐linked network and dynamic viscoelastic properties of ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDMs)/polyamide elastomer (PAE) were systematically investigated by using equilibrium swelling test and rheological experiment. The filler network formed by single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the matrix of EPDM/PAE was studied and discussed in detail by virtue of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DIN abrasion test was conducted to derive the cross‐linked network dependence of the frictional wear performance of EPDM. The results indicated that the chemical cross‐linked network was contributed by EPDM and EPDM‐PAE macromolecular chains. In addition, the physical cross‐linked network consisted of the macromolecular entanglement of EPDM‐PAE and the interactions between EPDM/PAE and SWCNTs. Introducing PAE into EPDM matrix resulted in the change of the cross‐linked network, which was considered as the key factor to improve the abrasion resistance of EPDM. Furthermore, the physical cross‐linked network generated by PAE improved the strength of the EPDM matrix prominently. It is an innovative work in exploring the effect of microscopic structure on the macroscopic wear performance of EPDM vulcanizates.

Highlights

Preparation of EPDM/PAE elastomer using new wear‐resistant material.

Analysis on the effect of solubility parameters using Hansen solubility parameter (HSP).

Flory–Huggins interaction parameter on three‐dimensional crosslink networks.

Microscopic discussion on crosslink‐filling network structure.

A new perspective on the discussion of wear resistance mechanism.
Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and priapism: A VigiBase analysis
Authors: Abbasi Behzad , Shaw Nathan M. , Lui Jason L. , Hakam Nizar , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To explore the differences of priapism events among a diverse cohort taking erectogenic medicines (i.e., phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors [PDE5i] and intracavernousal drugs).

Methods

We queried the World Health Organization global database of individual case safety reports (VigiBase) for records of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) with sildenafil, tadalafil, avanafil, vardenafil, papaverine, and alprostadil. Disproportionality analyses (case/non‐case approach) were performed to assess the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of priapism reporting in PDE5i consumers compared to intracavernousal drug recipients.

Results

From a total of 133 819 ADR events for erectogenic medications, 632 were priapism (PDE5is: n = 550, 0.41%; intracavernousal drugs: n = 82, 9.92%). Priapism disproportionality signals from intracavernousal drugs were 25 times stronger than PDE5is (ROR = 34.7; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 27.12–43.94 vs. ROR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.24–1.54). For all PDE5i agents, the 12–17 years age group had the highest ROR (9.49, 95% CI: 3.76–19.93) followed by 2–11 years (4.31, 95% CI: 1.57–9.4). Disproportionality signals for consumers under 18 for both all PDE5is as a whole (ROR = 4.57, 95% CI: 2.48–7.73) and sildenafil (ROR = 4.89, 95% CI: 2.51–8.62) were stronger than individuals 18 or older (ROR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.93–1.21 and ROR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.91–1.26, respectively).

Conclusions

PDE5i use shows disproportionate priapism signals which are higher in young patients.
Tailoring Fano Lineshape in Photonic Local Density of States by Losses Engineering
Authors: Granchi Nicoletta , Gurioli Massimo
Published: November 2023

Non‐Hermitian theory in photonics revolutionized the understanding of optical resonators, thanks to the concept of quasi‐normal modes (QNM) and to a deep revision of the Purcell factor expression. Counterintuitive effects followed, such as complex modal volumes and non‐Lorentzian local density of states (LDOS) of QNMs. One of the fascinating aspects of non‐Hermitian theory is the analogy with quantum mechanics for autoionizing electronic levels where the absorption cross'section is characterized by Fano lineshapes, caused by interference between the probability of absorption in the continuum and in the bound states. In photonics Fano lineshapes can arise from QNM normalization through the complex modal volume. The link between Fano lineshapes in photonic LDOS of QNMs and in the case of autoionizing states needs to be clarified. Here, by developing an analytical model based on the role of losses in the QNM normalization, they clarify the meaning of the phase of QNM normalized fields (qFano parameter),linking QNMs normalization to the concept of interference among the resonant and the leaky modes. This inspired the design of photonic crystal (PhC) cavity that exhibits LDOS with Fano character inside the itself, providing a proof of principle on how to mold the radiative lifetime by Purcell effect.
Group consensus of multi‐agent systems with reference states via pinning control
Authors: Wu Xiaoshuai , Sun Fenglan , Han Yunpeng , Tang Kui , Zhu Wei , Kurths Jürgen
Published: November 2023

This article investigates the group consensus via pinning control for continuous‐time first‐order and second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) with reference states. For the group consensus of first‐order MASs, the dependence between the agent's state and the control input is considered. For second‐order MASs, group consensus control without the velocity information of agents is considered. Instead, the virtual velocity estimation controller is designed. Meanwhile, for the designed control protocols, not only under fixed topology, but also under switching topology are considered. It is demonstrated that group consensus could be obtained under the proposed control protocols by using graph theory and stability theory. Finally, a series of numerical examples are provided to verify the control performance of the propounded control protocols.
Can national registry data be used to assess effects of epidural analgesia during labor?
Authors: Papazova D. A. , Schyns‐van den Berg A. M. J. V. , Beenakkers I. C. M. , van den Bosch O. F. C.
Published: November 2023

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Damhuis et al. Click here to view the article.
Unwarranted association between epidural analgesia and emergency delivery: critical review of methodological shortcomings
Authors: Rongen A. P. M. , Willems S. , Bruhn J. , Rex S. , Devroe S. , Özkan S. , van de Velde M.
Published: November 2023

Linked articles: This Correspondence comments on Damhuis et al. and Tabernée Heijtmeijer et al.
Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data — towards solving the GW inverse problem
Authors: Madge Eric , Morgante Enrico , Puchades-Ibáñez Cristina , Ramberg Nicklas , Ratzinger Wolfram , Schenk Sebastian , Schwaller Pedro
Published: November 2023

Abstract

In recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported first hints for a stochastic gravitational wave background at nano-Hertz frequencies. Here we elaborate on the possibility that this signal comes from new physics that leads to the generation of a primordial stochastic gravitational wave background. We propose a set of simple but concrete models that can serve as benchmarks for gravitational waves sourced by cosmological phase transitions, domain wall networks, cosmic strings, axion dynamics, or large scalar fluctuations. These models are then confronted with pulsar timing data and with cosmological constraints. With only a limited number of free parameters per model, we are able to identify viable regions of parameter space and also make predictions for future astrophysical and laboratory tests that can help with model identification and discrimination.
Linear and quasilinear evolution equations in the context of weighted $$L_p$$-spaces
Authors: Wilke Mathias
Published: November 2023

In 2004, the article Maximal regularity for evolution equations in weighted$$L_p$$

L
p

-spaces by Prüss and Simonett (Arch Math 82:415–431, 2004) has been published in Archiv der Mathematik. We provide a survey of the main results of that article and outline some applications to semilinear and quasilinear parabolic evolution equations which illustrate their power.
Fibroblast growth factor-21 alleviates proteasome injury via activation of autophagy flux in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shen Yufei , Zhu Zhuoying , Wang Yanping , Qian Shuxia , Xu Congying , Zhang Baorong
Published: November 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common and complex Neurodegeneration, with an inherited metabolic disorder. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine hormone that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor superfamily, plays an extensive role in metabolic regulation. However, our understandings of the specific function and mechanisms of FGF21 on PD are still quite limited. Here, we aimed to elucidate the actions and the underlying mechanisms of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration using cellular models of parkinsonism. To investigate the effects of FGF21 on dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro, proteasome impairment models of PD were utilized. Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (5 μmol/L) for 12 h, then with 50 ng/ml FGF-21 with or without 5 mmol/L of 3-methyladenine.The cells were dissected to assess alterations in autophagy using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and electron microscopy assays. Our data indicate that FGF21 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and shows beneficial effects against proteasome impairment induced PD syndrome, indicating it might be a potent candidate for developing novel drugs to deal with PD.
The interaction of diet, alcohol, genetic predisposition, and the risk of breast cancer: a cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhu Pingxiu , Zhang Yanyu , Chen Qianni , Qiu Wenji , Chen Minhui , Xue Lihua , Lin Moufeng , Yang Haomin
Published: November 2023

Background

Dietary factors have consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, there is limited evidence regarding their associations in women with different genetic susceptibility to breast cancer, and their interaction with alcohol consumption is also not well understood.

Methods

We analyzed data from 261,853 female participants in the UK Biobank. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between dietary factors and breast cancer risk. Additionally, we assessed the interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer.

Results

A moderately higher risk of breast cancer was associated with the consumption of processed meat (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03, 1.18, p-trend = 0.016). Higher intake of raw vegetables and fresh fruits, and adherence to a healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated with breast cancer risk [HR (95% CI):0.93 (0.88–0.99), 0.87 (0.81, 0.93) and 0.93 (0.86–1.00), p for trend: 0.025, < 0.001, and 0.041, respectively]. Furthermore, a borderline significant interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the intake of processed meat with regard to breast cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.065). No multiplicative interaction was observed between dietary factors and PRS.

Conclusion

Processed meat was positively associated with breast cancer risk, and vegetables, fruits, and healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with breast cancer risk. We found no strong interaction of dietary factors with alcohol consumption and genetic predisposition for risk of breast cancer.
Yield of non-invasive imaging in MRI-negative focal epilepsy
Authors: Czarnetzki Christian , Spinelli Laurent , Huppertz Hans-Jürgen , Schaller Karl , Momjian Shahan , Lobrinus Johannes , Vargas Maria-Isabel , Garibotto Valentina , Vulliemoz Serge , Seeck Margitta
Published: November 2023

Objective

The absence of MRI-lesion reduces considerably the probability of having an excellent outcome (International League Against Epilepsies [ILAE] class I–II) after epilepsy surgery. Surgical success in magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI)-negative cases relies therefore mainly on non-invasive techniques such as positron-emission tomography (PET), subtraction ictal/inter-ictal single-photon-emission-computed-tomography co-registered to MRI (SISCOM), electric source imaging (ESI) and morphometric MRI analysis (MAP). We were interested in identifying the optimal imaging technique or combination to achieve post-operative class I-II in patients with MRI-negative focal epilepsy.

Methods

We identified 168 epileptic patients without MRI lesion. Thirty-three (19.6%) were diagnosed with unifocal epilepsy, underwent surgical resection and follow-up ⩾ 2 years. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each technique individually and in combination (after co-registration).

Results

23/33 (70%) were free of disabling seizures (75.0% with temporal and 61.5% extratemporal lobe epilepsy). None of the individual modalities presented an OR > 1.5, except ESI if only patients with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were considered (OR 3.2). On a dual combination, SISCOM with ESI presented the highest outcome (OR = 6). MAP contributed to detecting indistinguishable focal cortical dysplasia in particular in extratemporal epilepsies with a sensitivity of 75%. Concordance of PET, ESI on interictal epileptic discharges, and SISCOM was associated with the highest chance for post-operative seizure control (OR = 11).

Conclusion

If MRI is negative, the chances to benefit from epilepsy surgery are almost as high as in lesional epilepsy, provided that multiple established non-invasive imaging tools are rigorously applied and co-registered together.
Stochastic Default Risk Estimation Evidence from the South African Financial Market
Authors: Alfeus Mesias , Fitzhenry Kirsty , Lederer Alessia
Published: November 2023

This paper provides empirical studies of the estimation of defaultable bonds in the South African financial markets. The key objective is to estimate the unobservable factors affecting bond yields for South African major banks. The maximum likelihood approach is adopted for the estimation methodology. Multi-dimensional Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR)-type factor models are considered and compared. Extended Kalman filtering techniques are employed in order to tackle the situation that the factors cannot be observed directly. We find empirical evidence that default risk varies with the business cycle, increased sharply in the South African financial market during COVID-19 and the $$\alpha$$
α
-CIR model performs better than the classical CIR model.
The perceptions of lecturers about blended learning at a particular higher institution in South Africa
Authors: Sanders Debbie A , Mukhari Shirley S
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyse the support that lecturers need to be able to implement a blended learning approach successfully. Blended learning is now seen as an approach that can create engaging learning environments, to enhance students’ self-directed learning and improve the whole learning experience. The study investigated the perceptions of thirteen lecturers, at a particular higher education institution, regarding the advantages and challenges of blended learning in South Africa. A qualitative research design was chosen for this study because it enabled the authors to explore the theme in detail. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted to collect the necessary data from the lecturers, who were chosen through the use of homogenous purposeful sampling. The data collected were coded, using the induction method. This helped to reveal relevant codes, which were categorised. A literature review was conducted, in which recent research on this topic was analysed and used to correlate the findings of the field research of this study. This study reports on the actual views and experiences of the participants. The research findings and relevance for teaching in higher education institutions are discussed. The conclusion is that, for such an approach to be successful, lecturers would require support from management, more training, improved professional development, as well as reliable technology and internet connections. In addition, lecturers would require additional time to implement such an approach.
The efficacy of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) tests for detecting microbial contamination in rooftop-harvested rainwater
Authors: Moses Arthur , Ramírez-Andreotta Mónica D. , McLain Jean E.T. , Obergh Victoria , Rutin Emma , Sandhaus Shana , Kilungo Aminata P.
Published: November 2023

As climate change strains the world’s freshwater resources, access to safe and clean water becomes limited. The use of alternative water sources, such as rooftop-harvested rainwater, has become one mechanism to address freshwater scarcity in the American Southwest, particularly when it comes to home gardening. The University of Arizona’s Project Harvest, in partnership with the Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc., is a multi-year, co-created citizen science project aimed at increasing current understanding of harvested rainwater quality. Citizens in four Arizona, USA, communities (Hayden/Winkelman, Globe/Miami, Dewey-Humboldt, and Tucson) submitted harvested rainwater samples over 3 years. The harvested rainwater samples were then analyzed using IDEXX Colilert® for total coliforms and E. coli and using Hach PathoScreen™ test for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). This study design allows for the validation of a low-cost, at-home alternative methodology for testing rainwater for bacteria that may indicate fecal contamination. In total, 226 samples were tested using both methodologies, revealing a positive correlation (r=0.245; p<0.002) between total coliform MPN and SRB MPN, but no discernable correlation between E. coli MPN and SRB MPN. This work indicates a potential value of SRB testing for harvested rainwater if cost, laboratory access, and fecal contamination are of concern.
Strength-enhanced Sn–In low-temperature alloy with surface-modified ZrO2 nanoparticle addition
Authors: Nitta Shunya , Tatsumi Hiroaki , Nishikawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

Low-temperature packaging is essential for the widespread use of flexible electronic devices, and Sn–In eutectic alloys have attracted considerable attention because of their low melting temperatures. However, these alloys have a lower strength compared with other types of solder alloys. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding nanoparticles on the mechanical strength of Sn–In eutectic alloys while keeping their melting temperature unchanged. ZrO2 nanoparticles coated with NiO (NiO/ZrO2 nanoparticles) were utilized to strengthen Sn–In eutectic alloys with a high dispersity. Sn–In composite alloys reinforced with NiO/ZrO2 nanoparticles were fabricated, and tensile strength evaluation and microstructure observations were conducted. The experimental results showed that the addition of nanoparticles to the Sn–In eutectic alloys did not change their melting behavior. The tensile strength of the Sn–In composite alloys reinforced with NiO/ZrO2 nanoparticles increased by up to 35.6%, which was attributed to grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. Even after thermal aging at 60 ºC, the Sn–In composite alloys reinforced with NiO/ZrO2 nanoparticles showed a 1.11 times higher ultimate tensile strength than that of the non-aged, non-reinforced eutectic alloy, despite grain coarsening. This was attributed to the contribution of dispersion strengthening. These results indicate that the addition of NiO/ZrO2 nanoparticles is an effective method to improve the strength of low-melting-temperature alloys.
The role of teacher support in students’ engagement with representational construction
Authors: Ingulfsen Line , Furberg Anniken , Knain Erik
Published: November 2023

In this article, we study the role of teacher support in a collaborative learning setting that involves students’ constructions of visual representations in the environmental education context. Despite the consensus in the field of science education research that engagement with visual representations—such as diagrams, animations, and graphs—can support students’ conceptual understanding, studies reveal that learning from engagement with visual representations can be challenging for students. Adopting a sociocultural approach, this study contributes to extant research by analytically scrutinizing the role of teacher support in learning activities that revolve around students’ construction of visual representations. The empirical basis is a science project in which lower secondary school students drew and refined depictions of the effects of anthropogenic climate change. The analytical focus is on student–teacher interactions during group-based drawing activities in which students created representations of the carbon cycle and interacted with authorized representations. The analyses revealed how students found it challenging to compare, contrast, and integrate authorized representations and, additionally, to constructively use authorized representations in the process of designing their own representations. To support students in their efforts to construct scientific meaning, the teacher oriented the students’ attention towards the salient features of representations, supported students in making sense of ‘semiotic signs’, and enabled them to link scientific concepts with detailed depictions. In addition to the different forms of support provided by the teacher, the analyses of the student–teacher interactions also reveal the teacher’s use of specific ‘talk moves’ of elaboration and eliciting. The key implications include that teachers should select representations that are sufficiently different in terms of how concepts and phenomena are depicted, and that teachers should be prepared to support students in how to compare and contrast multiple representations. Further, strategies for supporting students’ exploration of their own ideas and suggestions are essential in the dynamics between students’ self-made representations and authorized representations.
How Satisfaction with Running Business and Private Life Are Related to Small-Business Owners’ Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Connolly Filip Fors , Sevä Ingemar Johansson , Gärling Tommy
Published: November 2023

This study examined how satisfaction with aspects of running the business as well as satisfaction with aspects of the private life are related to small-business owners' subjective well-being (SWB). Measures were obtained of both life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well-being (EWB) to investigate possible differences. Questionnaire data from a survey of small-business owners (n=614) showed that in the business domain LS is associated with satisfaction with revenues, EWB with satisfaction with customer and employee contacts, and both LS and EWB with satisfaction with working time. In the private life domain, LS is associated with satisfaction with family and economy and EWB with satisfaction with leisure. Overall, LS has a stronger association than EWB with satisfaction with aspects of private life, while the associations with satisfaction with business aspects are equally strong.
A Robotic Assistant for Disabled Chess Players in Competitive Games
Authors: Pozzi Luca , Guerini Silvia , Arrigoni Stefano , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Gandolla Marta
Published: November 2023

Access to regular sports competitions is often precluded for disabled people. Chess, which has been recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999, is a rare exception. Nevertheless, to compete in official tournaments, people suffering from a high level of motor impairment must rely on the assistance of a person to move their pieces on the chessboard, under their indications. This can result in a reduction of the feeling of independence and self-esteem. In this work, a service robot is employed as an assistant for competitive chess players, moving pieces on a standard chessboard for competitions, and adhering to the rules of the international chess federation (e.g. not relying on a custom sensorized chess-set). The robot is controlled through an intuitive graphical user interface. The user interface can be navigated with easy-to-use devices, such as a mouse, a touchpad, or a commodity joystick for motion-impaired people (Ottobock calibratable Mini joystick). An effective framework for the opponent’s move identification from RGB-D images is proposed and used to keep track of the live game situation. The application is implemented in ROS on a PAL Robotics TIAGo robot, a service robot with a 7 degrees-of-freedom arm, an extensible torso, and a re-orientable RGB-D camera. The robustness of the application is tested by reproducing six famous chess games several times on a standard wooden competition chessboard, making TIAGo play on behalf of the player with white or black pieces, alternatively. The application is properly working without the need of operator intervention in the $$91.6\%$$

91.6
%

of the performed moves. The proposed approach successfully opens the door to independent competitive chess playing for motor disabled people in official tournaments.
Metabarcoding of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and Norovirus GII from Wastewater Samples in England Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Treagus Samantha , Lowther James , Longdon Ben , Gaze William , Baker-Austin Craig , Ryder David , Batista Frederico M.
Published: November 2023

Norovirus is one of the largest causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen that has become the most dominant cause of acute viral hepatitis in recent years. The presence of norovirus and HEV has been reported within wastewater in many countries previously. Here we used amplicon deep sequencing (metabarcoding) to identify norovirus and HEV strains in wastewater samples from England collected in 2019 and 2020. For HEV, we sequenced a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene targeting genotype three strains. For norovirus, we sequenced the 5′ portion of the major capsid protein gene (VP1) of genogroup II strains. Sequencing of the wastewater samples revealed eight different genotypes of norovirus GII (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.9, GII.13 and GII.17). Genotypes GII.3 and GII.4 were the most commonly found. The HEV metabarcoding assay was able to identify HEV genotype 3 strains in some samples with a very low viral concentration determined by RT-qPCR. Analysis showed that most HEV strains found in influent wastewater were typed as G3c and G3e and were likely to have originated from humans or swine. However, the small size of the HEV nested PCR amplicon could cause issues with typing, and so this method is more appropriate for samples with high CTs where methods targeting longer genomic regions are unlikely to be successful. This is the first report of HEV RNA in wastewater in England. This study demonstrates the utility of wastewater sequencing and the need for wider surveillance of norovirus and HEV within host species and environments.
Study on rock brittleness characteristics of deep volcanic reservoir under different confining pressures
Authors: Qiu Guozhou , Chang Xin , Li Jing , Guo Yintong , Wang Lei , Ma Hongling , Guo Wuhao , Bi Zhenhui
Published: November 2023

The mechanical properties of deep volcanic reservoir rocks are complex and the brittleness characteristics are not clear. In order to study the brittleness characteristics of deep volcanic rocks, triaxial compression tests and XRD tests under different confining pressures were carried out to study the brittleness characteristics of deep volcanic rocks. Three methods were used to evaluate the brittleness of volcanic rocks from different sides: the brittleness evaluation method based on stress–strain curve characteristics (BI1), the brittleness evaluation method based on energy dissipation (BI2) and the brittleness evaluation method based on mineral composition (BI3). The three methods showed that the brittleness index of volcanic rocks decreases with the increase in confining pressure, and the higher the depth of volcanic rocks, the lower the brittleness. On the basis of previous studies, an improved brittleness evaluation method based on internal friction Angle was proposed, and the obtained evaluation results were almost consistent with the results obtained by the brittleness evaluation method based on stress–strain curve characteristics (BI1) and the brittleness evaluation method based on energy dissipation (BI2), indicating the feasibility of the improved brittleness evaluation method. The brittleness characteristics of deep volcanic rocks are clearly defined to provide reference for the exploration and development of deep volcanic rocks reservoir.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI
Authors: Elmahjub Ezieddin
Published: November 2023

This paper explores artificial intelligence (AI) ethics from an Islamic perspective at a critical time for AI ethical norm-setting. It advocates for a pluralist approach to ethical AI benchmarking. As rapid advancements in AI technologies pose challenges surrounding autonomy, privacy, fairness, and transparency, the prevailing ethical discourse has been predominantly Western or Eurocentric. To address this imbalance, this paper delves into the Islamic ethical traditions to develop a framework that contributes to the global debate on optimal norm setting for designing and using AI technologies.

The paper outlines Islamic parameters for ethical values and moral actions in the context of AI's ethical uncertainties. It emphasizes the significance of both textual and non-textual Islamic sources in addressing these uncertainties while placing a strong emphasis on the notion of "good" or "maṣlaḥa" as a normative guide for AI's ethical evaluation. Defining maṣlaḥa as an ethical state of affairs in harmony with divine will, the paper highlights the coexistence of two interpretations of maṣlaḥa: welfarist/utility-based and duty-based. Islamic jurisprudence allows for arguments supporting ethical choices that prioritize building the technical infrastructure for AI to maximize utility. Conversely, it also supports choices that reject consequential utility calculations as the sole measure of value in determining ethical responses to AI advancements.
Time to Reconsider Analgesia in Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Valence Timothee de , Suppan Laurent
Published: November 2023

The provision of analgesia in mass casualty incidents has traditionally been viewed as low-priority and reserved for later stages of care. Poor pain management is commonplace in trauma victims, and inadequate acute pain management can hinder evacuation efforts and may lead to the development of chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder. New, safe, and simple methods for administering quality analgesia have proven to be safe and effective in the prehospital setting and, as such, could easily be implemented into mass casualty incident protocols and allow for analgesia at earlier stages in such incidents, thereby improving patient care.
Assessing Antitrust Damages in Follow-On Actions Against Cartels
Authors: Wurmnest Wolfgang
Published: November 2023

Assessing damages in follow-on actions against cartels that have infringed EU or domestic antitrust law is still in its infancy in Europe. This Article highlights the reasons why this issue has only recently started reaching the courts and analyses the pitfalls and problems courts face when calculating or estimating the amount of loss caused by a cartel to individual plaintiffs. As this endeavour raises complex economic questions, the Article outlines the basic economic approaches to measure antitrust harm and derives general principles from EU law on how courts should deal with economic evidence in follow-on actions to ensure an effective enforcement of competition law.