bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Star-forming Clumps in Local Luminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Larson K. L. , Díaz-Santos T. , Armus L. , Privon G. C. , Linden S. T. , Evans A. S. , Howell J. , Charmandaris V. , U V. , Sanders D. B. , Stierwalt S. , Barcos-Muñoz L. , Rich J. , Medling A. , Cook D. , Oklopĉić A. , Murphy E. J. , Bonfini P.
Published: January 2020

We present HST narrowband near-infrared imaging of Paα and Paβ emission of 48 local luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) from the Great Observatories All-Sky LIRG Survey. These data allow us to measure the properties of 810 spatially resolved star-forming regions (59 nuclei and 751 extranuclear clumps) and directly compare their properties to those found in both local and high-redshift star-forming galaxies. We find that in LIRGs the star-forming clumps have radii ranging from ∼90 to 900 pc and star formation rates (SFRs) of ∼1 × 10−3 to 10 M
⊙ yr−1, with median values for extranuclear clumps of 170 pc and 0.03 M
⊙ yr−1. The detected star-forming clumps are young, with a median stellar age of 8.7 Myr, and have a median stellar mass of 5 × 105
M
⊙. The SFRs span the range of those found in normal local star-forming galaxies to those found in high-redshift star-forming galaxies at z = 1–3. The luminosity function of the LIRG clumps has a flatter slope than found in lower-luminosity, star-forming galaxies, indicating a relative excess of luminous star-forming clumps. In order to predict the possible range of star-forming histories and gas fractions, we compare the star-forming clumps to those measured in the MassiveFIRE high-resolution cosmological simulation. The star-forming clumps in MassiveFIRE cover the same range of SFRs and sizes found in the local LIRGs and have total gas fractions that extend from 10% to 90%. If local LIRGs are similar to these simulated galaxies, we expect that future observations with ALMA will find a large range of gas fractions, and corresponding star formation efficiencies, among the star-forming clumps in LIRGs.
PUSHing Core-collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry. IV. Explodability, Remnant Properties, and Nucleosynthesis Yields of Low-metallicity Stars*
Authors: Ebinger Kevin , Curtis Sanjana , Ghosh Somdutta , Fröhlich Carla , Hempel Matthias , Perego Albino , Liebendörfer Matthias , Thielemann Friedrich-Karl
Published: January 2020

In this fourth paper of the series, we use the parameterized, spherically symmetric explosion method PUSH to perform a systematic study of two sets of nonrotating stellar progenitor models. Our study includes pre-explosion models with metallicities Z = 0 and Z = Z
⊙ × 10−4 and covers a progenitor mass range from 11 to 75 M
⊙. We present and discuss the explosion properties of all models and predict remnant (neutron star or black hole) mass distributions within this approach. We also perform systematic nucleosynthesis studies and predict detailed isotopic yields as a function of the progenitor mass and metallicity. We present a comparison of our nucleosynthesis results with observationally derived 56Ni ejecta from normal core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and with iron-group abundances for metal-poor star HD 84937. Overall, our results for explosion energies, remnant mass distribution, 56Ni mass, and iron-group yields are consistent with observations of normal CCSNe. We find that stellar progenitors at low and zero metallicity are more prone to black hole formation than those at solar metallicity, which allows for the formation of black holes in the mass range observed by LIGO/VIRGO.
Rapid Postshock Cooling and Pressure-driven Shell-phase Evolution of the Galactic Halo SNR G70.0–21.5
Authors: Raymond J. C. , Caldwell N. , Fesen R. A. , Weil K. E. , Boumis P. , di Cicco D. , Mittelman D. , Walker S.
Published: January 2020

The large, faint supernova remnant (SNR) G70.0–21.5 is believed to be the result of a Type Ia supernova some 90,000 yr ago at a distance of ∼1 kpc based on the Gaia proper motion and parallax of an unusual white dwarf. We have obtained narrow passband optical images and high-resolution spectroscopy to determine shock speeds of 70 to 110 km s−1. The shock itself is unusual in that the sharp Hα filaments arise from a very thin postshock zone where preshock neutral atoms are rapidly excited and ionized. Combining the shock speed with the remnant’s estimated age, distance, and diameter, we investigate the SNR evolution in the post-Sedov phase. One-dimensional models that ignore such factors as magnetic fields, cosmic rays, and thermal conduction are marginally consistent with the observations.
Comparing Reported Complication Rates in Shoulder Arthroplasty Between 2 Large Databases
Authors: Salzler Matthew J. , Engler Ian D. , Li Andrew X. , Jorgensen Anna H. , Cassidy Charles , Tybor David J.
Published: January 2020

Large databases are commonly used to analyze surgical outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that there are differences in complication rates between databases across certain procedures, but the reasons for these differences are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to compare complications of shoulder arthroplasty across databases as well as to interpret the causes of any differences. The authors compared complication rates for shoulder arthroplasty as reported by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2006 to 2010. The authors then restricted NIS data solely to hospitals that also contributed to NSQIP to provide a more direct comparison of the patient populations. The authors identified 48,287 discharges reported in NIS and 1679 discharges reported in NSQIP for patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty. The complication rate for shoulder arthroplasty was significantly higher in the NIS population (12.6%; 95% confidence interval, 12.0%–13.2%) than in the NSQIP population (5.60%; 95% confidence interval, 4.59%–6.81%). When NIS data were restricted solely to hospitals that also participated in NSQIP, the rate of complications remained higher, at 13.4% (95% confidence interval, 11.2%–15.8%), and the rate increased relative to the nonrestricted data. The databases compared in this study had statistically significant differences in reported complication rates for shoulder arthroplasty. This difference persisted when NIS data were restricted to hospitals that also participated in NSQIP, suggesting that differences in database design contribute to important differences in data. Orthopedic surgeons and administrators must use caution when using complication rates derived from large database studies. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(2):113–118.]
Food Allergy: A Review
Authors: Seth Divya , Poowutikul Pavadee , Pansare Milind , Kamat Deepak
Published: January 2020

Food allergy is an important public health problem that affects children and adults, and it has been increasing in prevalence in the last 2 to 3 decades. The symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and in extreme cases food allergy can lead to anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening allergic reaction. Currently, there is no cure for food allergy. Management of food allergy includes allergen avoidance or emergency treatment. The eight most common food allergens are eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, crustacean shellfish, and fish, all of which are frequently consumed in the US. Thus, patients and their families must remain constantly vigilant, which can often be stressful. Moreover, nonallergic food reactions, such as food intolerance, are commonly mistaken as food allergies. This article highlights risk factors, natural history, diagnosis, and management of food allergy.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(1):e50–e58.]
Sickle Cell Disease: A Primer for Primary Care Providers
Authors: Kimrey Sabrina , Saving Kay L.
Published: January 2020

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder with significant global impact. This disorder causes the production of a dysfunctional hemoglobin, which leads to sickling of erythrocytes and ultimately hemolysis, endothelial dysfunction, vaso-occlusion, and sterile inflammation. These cellular level processes produce end-organ changes that ultimately result in specific risks and preventive care needs, unique emergency situations, and long-term complications for patients. Options for the treatment of sickle cell disease are increasing. Thus far, hydroxyurea is the most proven treatment and has been shown to reduce vaso-occlusive crises in children and adults and preserve organ function. Other therapies, both disease modifying and curative, are emerging and will hopefully have a substantial effect in the near future.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2020;49(1):e43–e49.]
Evaluation of Abnormal Bleeding in Children
Authors: Roberts Jonathan C.
Published: January 2020

Abnormal bleeding or bruising is a relatively common clinical concern, frequently causing parents to seek care from their children's primary care provider. Although ecchymosis from playful trauma, occasional epistaxis, and heavy menstrual bleeding around the time of menarche and beyond are common occurrences, it can be difficult for pediatricians and other primary care providers to determine if their patient has age-appropriate symptoms versus abnormal or excessive bleeding. This review discusses considerations for abnormal bleeding in pediatrics and discusses an initial approach for evaluation of hemostasis in a child with bleeding symptoms.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(1):e36–e42.]
Spatial variability of Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean
Authors: Follesa Maria C. , Marongiu Martina F. , Zupa Walter , Bellodi Andrea , Cau Alessandro , Cannas Rita , Colloca Francesco , Djurovic Mirko , Isajlovic Igor , Jadaud Angélique , Manfredi Chiara , Mulas Antonello , Peristeraki Panagiota , Porcu Cristina , Ramirez-Amaro Sergio , Salmerón Jiménez Francisca , Serena Fabrizio , Sion Letizia , Thasitis Ioannis , Cau Angelo , Carbonara Pierluigi
Published: January 2020

Thanks to the availability of the MEDITS survey data, a standardized picture of the occurrence and abundance of demersal Chondrichthyes in the northern Mediterranean has been obtained. During the spring-summer period between 2012 and 2015, 41 Chondrichthyes, including 18 sharks (5 orders and 11 families), 22 batoids (3 orders and 4 families) and 1 chimaera, were detected from several geographical sub-areas (GSAs) established by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Batoids had a preferential distribution on the continental shelf (10-200 m depth), while shark species were more frequent on the slope (200-800 m depth). Only three species, the Carcharhiniformes Galeus melastomus and Scyliorhinus canicula and the Torpediniformes Torpedo marmorata were caught in all GSAs studied. On the continental shelf, the Rajidae family was the most abundant, being represented in primis by Raja clavata and then by R. miraletus, R. polystigma and R. asterias. The slope was characterized by the prevalence of G. melastomus in all GSAs, followed by S. canicula, E. spinax and Squalus blainville. Areas under higher fishing pressure, such as the Adriatic Sea and the Spanish coast (with the exception of the Balearic Islands), show a low abundance of chondrichthyans, but other areas with a high level of fishing pressure, such as southwestern Sicily, show a high abundance, suggesting that other environmental drivers work together with fishing pressure to shape their distribution. Results of generalized additive models highlighted that depth is one of the most important environmental drivers influencing the distribution of both batoid and shark species, although temperature also showed a significant influence on their distribution. The approach explored in this work shows the possibility of producing maps modelling the distribution of demersal chondrichthyans in the Mediterranean that are useful for the management and conservation of these species at a regional scale. However, because of the vulnerability of these species to fishing exploitation, fishing pressure should be further incorporated in these models in addition to these environmental drivers.
SSVEP-P300 HYBRID PARADIGM OPTIMIZATION FOR ENHANCED INFORMATION TRANSFER RATE
Authors: Katyal Akshay , Singla Rajesh
Published: January 2020

Hybrid brain–computer interfacing (BCI), recently, has been the epicenter of research in the area of rehabilitation engineering. The concept is based on the principle that the paradigm used for the BCI elicits one BCI marker in combination with one or more BCI modalities or other physiological signals. These paradigms elicit human brain response to successfully determine user intentions. Steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) has been the favourite amongst researchers to combine with other BCI modalities such as P300, Motor Imagery (MI), etc. to develop assistive devices (ADs) based on hybrid BCI. This research paper is a record of a comparative study conducted between two hybrid BCI’s, namely hybrid BCI-1, hybrid BCI-2 and traditional SSVEP BCI. Both hybrid paradigms are similar in schematics but differ in the operational protocol. The study aimed to find the optimal protocol which greatly enhances the average information transfer rate (ITR) of a BCI-based AD. Hybrid BCI-1 showed lower classification accuracy (90.36%) and higher false activation rate (FAR) (3.16%) as compared to Hybrid BCI-2 (92.35% and 2.78%, respectively) as well as traditional SSVEP (93.38% and 2.73%, respectively). However, the average ITR of Hybrid BCI-1 (80.76 bits/min) was much higher than that of Hybrid BCI-2 (41.21 bits/min) and traditional SSVEP paradigm (36.34 bits/min). This led to the conclusion, that Hybrid BCI-1 is the most viable option for developing an AD.
Visual selection of Urochloa ruziziensis genotypes for green biomass yield
Authors: Teixeira Davi Henrique Lima , Gonçalves Flávia Maria Avelar , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Souza Sobrinho Fausto , Benites Flávio Rodrigo Gandolfi , Dias Kaio Olímpio das Graças
Published: January 2020

The breeding program of Urochloa ruziziensis evaluates many genotypes in initial phases. Evaluations through grades might make the selection less costly. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of visual selection for green biomass yield in relation to different selection strategies, such as mass selection by phenotypic mean, BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) and at random. For this purpose, 2,309 regular genotypes were evaluated in an augmented block design in two cuts. The evaluators gave grades for plant vigor, and later, the plots were measured for green biomass yield. The coincidences of the selected genotypes were estimated by different selection strategies. Then, 254 clones of the genotypes selected in different strategies were evaluated in a clonal test in a triple lattice design in four cuts. The statistical analyses were performed in SAS using the Mixed procedure. The regular genotype level and clone-mean basis heritabilities were 31.16 and 62.91%, respectively, for green mass yield. The expected selection gains were 21.09% (visual), 25.43% (phenotypic mean), and 27.5% (BLUP). Moreover, the realized heritabilities for these strategies were 15.58, 11.87, and 15.86%, respectively, which might be associated with genotype by environment interaction. Therefore, the visual selection could be a useful strategy in initial phases of a U. ruziziensis breeding program because the efficiency was moderate to high in relation to phenotypic mean and BLUP.
Physical and chemical characterization and bioactive compounds from blackberry under calcium chloride application
Authors: Modesto Joyce Helena , Mirellys Azevedo Souza Jackson , Ferraz Rafael Augusto , Souza Silva Marcelo , Leonel Magali , Leonel Sarita
Published: January 2020

Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakdown and rot, extends shelf-life, and increases vitamin C and calcium content. Blackberries have low post-harvest durability due to the intrinsic characteristics of their fruits, mainly the high respiratory rate and low firmness, which causes problems in the production chain of fresh fruits. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application of calcium chloride on the fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry (Rubus spp.). A randomized block design for a factorial scheme was used, i.e. calcium chloride concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5%) and number of applications (1, 2, and 3). Multiple applications occurred between 5-day intervals. The results showed that the calcium content in the fruits increased with a single application of 2.2%, but a decrease in mass loss was observed with a 4.5% application. The results also indicated great firmness and ascorbic acid content of fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry, in addition to the significant increase in fruit size and mass. However, in general, the content of soluble solids, sugars, antioxidant activity and total polyphenols decreased.
Fast immersion to test the stability of aggregates in water: consequences for interpreting results from tropical soil classes
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Fonseca da , Cipriano Patriciani Estela , Siueia Junior Matias , Mars Geslin , Dias Junior Moacir de Souza
Published: January 2020

Aggregates are the primary structural components of soil and have been used as an indicator of soil quality in conservation systems. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of slow pre-wetting on the results of the aggregate stability test for different classes of tropical soils. Data were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial design with three replications, in which the first factor comprised the two methods of pre-treatment on soil aggregates: without pre-wetting (WOPW), which considered the moisture of the aggregates in the field, and with pre-wetting (WPW), which considered the slow wetting of aggregates through capillarity on wet filter paper for 24h. The second factor consisted of four soil classes: Typic Dystrustept (Cambissolo Aplico distrófico in Embrapa), Typic Hapludult (Argissolo Amarelo distrófico), Rhodic Kandiudult (Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico), and Anionic Acrudox (Latossolo Vermelho distróferrico) and considered horizons A and B. The pre-wetting significantly increased the values of the weighted average diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate stability index. In soils with high organic carbon content, the practice of pre-moistening did not provide variation in aggregation.
Selection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sugarcane in four soils with the presence of dark septate endophytes
Authors: Fors Rosalba Ortega , Saggin Júnior Orivaldo José , Carneiro Marco Aurélio Carbone , Berbara Ricardo Luis Louro
Published: January 2020

The present study aimed to select efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for sugarcane growth and P nutrition in four soils that spontaneously contained dark septate endophytes (DSE). The effect of nine AMF isolates was evaluated individually in sugarcane presprouted seedlings (SP81-3250) grown under greenhouse conditions for a 120-day period. The isolates that stimulated plant growth in the soils with low P availability were Acaulospora colombiana (ACOL), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (CETU), Gigaspora margarita (GMAR), Rhizophagus clarus (RCLA) and Scutellospora calospora (SCAL). Compared to the Yellow Argisol, which had the highest P level, the Red-Yellow Argisol, with an intermediate P content, increased plant height. Compared to the other treatments, inoculation with ACOL, RCLA, and SCAL resulted in higher foliar P content in plants grown in soils with high to intermediate P levels. Root colonization by AMF and DSE was verified in the plants, with the coexistence of both fungal groups in the same plant and/or root fragment. However, AMF colonization was low compared to DSE colonization. The cooccurrence of DSE and AMF was higher in the plants inoculated with ACOL, RCLA, SCAL, and Dentiscutata heterogama. ACOL, CETU, GMAR, RCLA, and SCAL are AMF isolates that have the potential to establish a mycorrhizal inoculant for sugarcane that would be effective in several soils.
Comparison of projection of distance techniques for genetic diversity studies
Authors: Sant'Anna Isabela de Castro , Silva Gabi Nunes , Carneiro Vinicius Quintão , Pontes Daiana Salles , Nascimento Moyses , Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to compare different graphical dispersion analysis techniques in two- or three-dimensional planes. In this study, the data from different published works were used in order to determine the best methodology for analyzing the genetic diversity of different species. In this study, efficiency is measured by the amount of original distance absorbed by the projection of distances technique, which in the case of major components is equal to the amount of total variation originally available and retained by the principal components used for dispersion purposes. The projection of dissimilarity measurement technique, principal component analysis (PCA), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used. Considering the analysis by means of three orthogonal axes, the graphical dispersion efficiency was 82.22 for PCA, 87.22 for PCoA, and 85.25 for the projection of distances technique. For the 2D analysis, considering the two main axes, the mean dispersion efficiency was 69.90 for the PCA, 75.06 for the projection technique, and 78.16 for PCoA. Considering the studies carried out with experimental data of six different species, it is concluded that the principal coordinate analysis is superior.
Adaptability and stability of jabuticaba tree genotypes based on plant growth
Authors: Radaelli Juliana Cristina , Silva Marciéli da , Kosera Neto Carlos , Wagner Júnior Américo , Domingues Lucas da Silva
Published: January 2020

The aim of this work was to verify by means of adaptability and stability analyses which genotype of Plinia sp. (jabuticaba tree) is more adapted to orchard conditions, based on the measures of stem growth and primary shoots. During a three-year period, the initial growth of jabuticaba tree genotypes from the native fruit collection of the Experimental Station of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos was evaluated. These genotypes included seedlings from forest fragments of the southwestern region of Paraná State and some from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, in a 29 x 3 factorial design, with three replicates in each treatment. Phenotypic adaptability and genotypic stability were evaluated based on the data obtained by the following methods: Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and the AMMI. The analyses were carried out through the computer programs GENES and Stability. The methods that were tested to determine the adaptability and stability of the growth behaviour of the jabuticaba tree did not present consistent patterns in the results. However, the genotype generally referred to as 'Vitorino' was the most suitable for open-air cultivation.
Soybean macronutrient availability and yield as affected by tillage system
Authors: Moreira Silvino Guimarães , Kiehl Jorge de Castro , Prochnow Luís Ignácio , Pauletti Volnei , Martin-Neto Ladislau , Resende Alvaro Vilela de
Published: January 2020

The effect of tillage system (NT-no tillage; CT-conventional tillage; MT-minimum tillage; and NT/scarification, every three years) on soybean nutrient availability and yield was evaluated on Oxisol after 12 years of cultivation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m and were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, carbon (C), organic matter (OM), pH value, potential CEC, base saturation (BS%), and number of semiquinone organic radicals. The macronutrient concentration in the leaves and amount accumulated in the plants at the blooming stage were determined, as well as the yield of the two soybean crops. The soil pH value, BS% and K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were not influenced by the tillage system. The soil P and OM in the surface layer, however, were inversely proportional to the intensity of soil preparation. The P content in the soil surface layer under NT was twice as high as that of soil under CT. The P content in the soybean leaves under NT was also higher compared to that in the plants under CT and MT. The number of semiquinone radicals was low in the soil surface layer under NT, indicating a small degree of humification. However, soybean yield was not affected by the tillage system.
Forage sources in diets for dairy goats
Authors: Ramos João Paulo de Farias , Sousa Wandrick Hauss de , Oliveira Juliana Silva , Pimenta Filho Edgard Cavalcanti , Santos Edson Mauro , Leite Ricardo Miranda , Cavalcante Iara Tamires Rodrigues , Oresca Denizard
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of sorghum silage, Buffel grass hay and forage palm fodder in the diet of dairy goats by means of performance tests and economic viability of different roughage sources. Eight Anglo-Nubian goats, multiparous, weighing around 40.13 ± 2.76 kg of live weight were used. The experiment lasted 84 days, consisting of four periods of 21 days, distributed in two Latin squares (4x4). The treatments represented by diets with different volumetric sources: SSCF: (sorghum silage+ forage palm+ concentrate); BHCF: (Buffel grass hay + cactus forage+ concentrate); SS: (sorghum silage+ concentrate) and BH: (Buffel grass hay + concentrate). Nutritional intake, digestibility, feed behavior, milk production and chemical composition and economic analysis were evaluated. Animals fed the BHCF diet had higher nutrient intakes and consequently were more productive in fat, protein, lactose, fat free solids and total solids. The BHCF diet led to a higher gross income in Brazilian currency. The safety margin of the SSCF diet presented the highest percentage, with 43.06%, and the BHCF diet, the lowest percentage, of 14.89. The association of forage palm with sorghum silage and Buffel grass hay can be used as a bulky source in lactating goat diets.
Effect of dietary fat level and source on performance and immune system response of turkeys
Authors: Omidi Shahryar , Mohit Ardeshir , Hossein-Zadeh Navid Ghavi
Published: January 2020

An experiment was conducted to determine effects of different levels and sources of fats in diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics and immune response of turkeys during four periods (0-21, 22 to 42, 43 to 63 and 64 to 70 days of age). A completely randomized design with five treatments, six replicates and eight B.U.T.6 turkey chickens per replicate was used. Treatments included: Control diet, diet containing 2.5% of soybean oil, diet containing 2.5% fat supplement, diet containing 5% soybean oil, diet containing 5% fat supplement. The results showed that using 5% of soybean oil increased average daily gain of turkeys (89.04 g) throughout the experimental period (0-70 days) compared with the control group (81.11 g; p < 0.05). Treatments containing 2.5 and 5% soybean oil improved feed conversion ratio compared to control group (p < 0.05). Soybean oil at the levels of 2.5 and 5% was led to higher spleen and bursa percentages compared to other treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). The level and source of dietary fat had not significant effect on antibody titer against Newcastle virus vaccine on 42 and 70 days of age (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementing diet with 5% soybean oil improved the performance of turkeys.
Evaluation of yeast culture and direct-fed microbial on gut histology and serum components of broilers challenged with suboptimal diets under heat stress
Authors: Seifi Saeed , Sayrafi Reza , Khoshbakht Rahem , Gilani Ali , Goudarzi Bahman
Published: January 2020

The use of antibiotics in feed for growth promotion has been restricted in many countries, thus it is of interest to investigate potential alternatives for enhancing growth performance in birds. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the concurrent use of prebiotic and probiotic on gut histology and some blood chemicals of broiler chickens during heat stress. A total of 144 day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments. The first treatment was a diluted diet including rice bran without probiotic or prebiotic. The other treatments were fed the diluted diets with a prebiotic (treatment 2) and concurrent use of that prebiotic along with a probiotic (treatment 3). Results showed that villus height was not influenced by feed additives. However, crypt depth significantly increased by feed additives in particular with combination of prebiotic and probiotic. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased in treatments fed prebiotic alone or prebiotic and probiotic together. This finding is indicating the fact that non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in high inclusion rate of rice bran caused to villus height erosion. It could be concluded that prebiotic and probiotic caused an increasing of enterocyte proliferation in the crypt of Liberkhun.
Potential and restrictions of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz as native forage in the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: França Andrezza Araújo de , Silva Divan Soares da , Fechine Josean Tavares , Sousa Francinilda Alves de , Andrade Alberício Pereira de , Lichston Juliana Espada
Published: January 2020

Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira) is a endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. With the aim of evaluating characteristics indicative of its nutritional quality, 10 plants were selected and identified, sampled at five different ages, were used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), mineral matter (MM), DM degradability (Deg DM), NDF degradability (Deg NDF) and in situ and in vitro leaf-tissue degradability. Phytochemical prospection was performed, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance applied to detect the presence of secondary compounds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and correlation analysis was carried out on the variables for leaf maturity in days. The levels of CP, NDF and Deg NDF showed a negative correlation with the increases in leaf age. Leaf-tissue degradation was restricted due to a physical barrier developed in the leaf fragments, which can be attributed to plant defence mechanisms. The in situ degradability of the cell wall components decreased with the increase in leaf age. The high levels of tannins and lignin, and the strong presence of flavonoids, should be considered for their anti-nutritional and pharmacological potential.
Mitos e potencialidades da interdisciplinaridade: reflexões sobre um tema emergente
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Tonieto Carina
Published: January 2020

A interdisciplinaridade pode ser considerada um complexo e potente campo de conhecimento em construção. Apesar de ser um tema debatido e problematizado há mais de cinco décadas, sua atualidade requer uma permanente vigilância epistemológica para explorar de todas as formas seu potencial crítico e criativo. Esse ensaio tem por escopo analisar os mitos e as potencialidades da interdisciplinaridade no plano conceitual/teórico e nas práticas de pesquisa e ensino. A reflexão tem como fio condutor a pergunta: quais são os principais mitos presentes nos discursos a respeito da interdisciplinaridade e que potencialidades podem ser produzidas a partir da sua compreensão? Para tanto, por meio de uma análise teórica, inicia-se reconstruindo a ‘polissemia’ da ideia de interdisciplinaridade e os mitos presentes nos discursos recorrentes que funcionam como obstáculos epistemológicos, que são: é necessário acabar com as disciplinas, tudo pode ser estudado de forma interdisciplinar, a reunião de especialistas caracteriza a interdisciplinaridade, pesquisa qualificada é somente a interdisciplinar e existe uma verdadeira interdisciplinaridade. Posteriormente, aponta-se o potencial crítico-criativo da interdisciplinaridade, que consiste na sua abertura vigilante a novos modos de pensar e fazer interdisciplinaridade, provocando rupturas, continuidades e inovações metodológicas e epistemológicas.
Curtas metragens e narrativas docentes: problematizando diferença racial e branquitude
Authors: Zubaran Maria Angélica , Cruz Joice Mari Ferreira da
Published: January 2020

O objetivo central do presente estudo é mapear e problematizar discursos e representações recorrentes acerca da diferença racial e da branquitude em entrevistas narrativas com professores da educação básica, a partir das provocações de dois curtas metragens: Cores e botas (Vicente, 2010) e Pode me chamar de Nadí (Cardoso, 2009), disponíveis no canal Youtube. Destaca-se a importância do uso de filmes no trato das questões raciais, a partir dos enfoques de Duarte (2000, 2002), Fabrís (2005, 2008), Fischer e Marcello (2011) e Militão (2013). As análises são realizadas na perspectiva teórica dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, a partir dos conceitos de representação e identidade, em autores como Hall (2011, 2016) e Silva (2000, 2010) e do conceito de branquitude, em autores como Piza (2000), Sovik (2009), Cardoso (2014) e Schucman (2014). Entre os resultados da análise, destaca-se que as representações mais recorrentes produzidas e disseminadas nas narrativas fílmicas e problematizadas nas entrevistas narrativas de docentes, foram representações racializadas marcadas pelos discursos da democracia racial e da mestiçagem e mediadas pelas noções de branquitude. Salienta-se ainda, que as narrativas fílmicas contribuem para tencionar e contestar representações racializadas e privilégios da branquitude no âmbito da educação básica e para problematizar padrões estéticos eurocêntricos, vinculados particularmente ao cabelo, como símbolo de identidade étnico-racial.
Effect of agro-industrial residues mixtures on the production of endoglucanase by Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda de , Melo Marcelo Rodrigues de , Buzato João Batista
Published: January 2020

The low-cost production of cellulolytic complexes that present high action at mild conditions is one of the major bottlenecks for the economic viability of the production of cellulosic ethanol. The influence of agro-industrial residues was assessed to enhance endoglucanase production by Aspergillus niger 426 grown in solid state fermentation. The highest percentage of lignin degradation was found on soybean hulls (56%) followed by sugarcane bagasse (36%) and rice straw (8.5%). The cellulose degradation, around 90%, was observed on soybean hulls and sugarcane bagasse, but only 50% on rice straw, and maximum production of endoglucanase (112.34 ± 0.984 U mL-1) was observed for soybean hulls. The best Experimental Mixture Design condition was under cultivation of 2.5 g of sugarcane bagasse, 2.3 g of rice straw and 5.2 g of soybean hulls, leading to a maximum activity of 138.92 ± 0.02 U mL-1. The statistical methodology enabled an increase of over 20% in the production of endoglucanase using agro-industrial waste. These data demonstrate that A. niger 426 is a potential source of cellulases which can be obtained by solid state fermentation using agro-industrial waste.
Effect of active packaging with oregano oil on beef burgers with low sodium content
Authors: Carvalho Camila Barbosa , Madrona Grasiele Scaramal , Mitcha Jane Graton , Valero Maribel Velandia , Guerrero Ana , Scapim Mônica Regina da Silva , Yamashita Fábio , Prado Ivanor Nunes do
Published: January 2020

This study was performed to evaluate of active biodegradable packaging applied to low-sodium beef burgers stored at -18oC for 120 days. It was tested four treatments: Beef burgers with 25% (B25) and 50% (B50) of sodium reduction and biodegradable packaging and burgers packed in a biodegradable packaging with 1% oregano essential oil and 25 (BO25) and 50% (BO50) of reduction of sodium. The composition of packaging did not influence the moisture, crude protein, total fat, ash, cooking loss and water activity. The active packaging of oregano oil showed higher color protection in burgers during the storage period. The texture showed a small variation (5-10%) between packagings at day 1, stabilizing in the other periods until the storage end. The burger samples with 25% reduction in sodium and packaging with 1% oregano essential oil (B25) had better taste and aroma, getting a acceptability index above 80% for both periods (30 and 120 days). The use of 1% of oregano essential oil incorporated into packaging reduced lipid oxidation of burgers analyzed in 14% when compared packaging without adding oregano. Microbiological analyzes were maintained stable during the entire storage. Thus, active packaging with oregano essential oil can maintain the quality of beef burger without interfering with their physical and chemical characteristics and improve their sensory attributes during 120 days of storage.
Prioriority actions maps of municipal public services with geospace application
Authors: Scaramelli Bruno Fernandes , Couto Edivando Vitor , Bueno Paulo Agenor Alves , Souza Débora Cristina de , Vieira Luciane Maria , Ferreira José Hilário Del Conte
Published: January 2020

Public services management is a fundamental role to public institutions, providing society with proper resources for a better quality of life. Local characteristics should be considered during public policies planning; however, generalizations are adopted to elaborate studies, overlooking these characteristics. Our objective was to apply a geostatistical analysis into the public services of Campo Mourão, Paraná State. The number of residents per census tracts lacking in water supply, sewage collection, waste collection, street lighting, electricity, and paving was found based on 2010 Census data. The spatial distribution of these data with the software ArcGIS 9.3 enabled the examination of these characteristics via the Cluster and Outlier method, through the Anselin Local Moran's I spatial analysis module, that identified hotspots and coldspots. As a result, it was found that Campo Mourão is satisfactorily supplied with electricity distribution services and waste collection with only 0.5% of absence in the census tracts. The sewage collection by the general network was the most absent service with 37% absence rate. Parque Industrial I and Jardim Isabel neighborhoods stood out as the most devoid of public services. The Cluster and Outlier Analysis is a subsidy tool for policy-making, which can increase efficiency when providing these services.
Effect of lime on the mechanical response of a soil for use in unpaved forest roads
Authors: Rocha Gissele Souza , Silva Claudio Henrique de Carvalho , Pitanga Heraldo Nunes , Mendonça Ecidinéia Pinto Soares de , Lima Dario Cardoso de , Côrte Gustavo Diniz da
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this study was to propose the application of soil-lime mixtures asa primary coating layerof unpavedforestroads based on the premise that this layer can be considered mechanically similar to a flexible pavementsub base layer, aiming to fill a gap in the current technical literature and engineering practice in this field of knowledge. In the study, a laboratory test program was carried out in a residual gneiss soil encompassing: (i) geotechnical characterization tests; (ii) compaction tests at the standard Proctor energy on soil specimens and on soil-lime mixturespecimens prepared with lime contents of 2, 4 and 6% related to the dry soil mass; (iii) unconfined compressive strength tests on soil specimens compacted at the standard Proctor optimum parameters; and (iv) unconfined compressive strength tests on specimens of soil-lime mixtures compacted at the standard Proctor optimum compaction parameters with lime contents of 2, 4 and 6%, and cured at 22.8°C in the curing periods of 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. The results showed that the addition of lime resulted in: (i) reduction in soil maximum dry unit weight (gdmax) and increase in soil optimum water content (wopt);and(ii) significant gains in soil unconfined compressive strength that evidenced the expressive occurrence of pozzolanic reactions in the mixtures.Based on the hypothesis of a similar requirement for soil-cement and soil-lime mixtures, the tested soil-lime mixtures met the minimum mechanical strength (1.2MPa) required for application as a primary coating layer of unpaved forest roads.
Flow-velocity model for hydrokinetic energy availability assessment in the Amazon
Authors: Cruz Josias da Silva , Blanco Claudio José Cavalcante , Brasil Junior Antônio César Pinho
Published: January 2020

The Brazilian hydrological information network does not provide data series of daily velocities. The river velocities are important for the study of hydrokinetic potential. Therefore, the work proposes a model called flow-velocity that estimates the average daily velocity and the distribution of the velocity profile of the cross section of rivers. The model was applied to the Amazon basin, using the highest and lowest flow rates of the historical series. The highest and lowest average velocities found in the Amazon River were 2.27 m s-1 and 0.735 m s-1, respectively. The main contributors to the Amazon River presented average daily velocities close to 2.0 ms-1 for the flood period, but in the dry season these velocities did not exceed 0.5 m s-1. Thus, it was verified that the Amazon River has hydrokinetic potential throughout the year and its tributaries during the flood period.
An Ancient, MHC-Linked, Nonclassical Class I Lineage in Cartilaginous Fish
Authors: Almeida Tereza , Esteves Pedro J. , Flajnik Martin F. , Ohta Yuko , Veríssimo Ana
Published: January 2020

Cartilaginous fishes, or chondrichthyans, are the oldest jawed vertebrates that have an adaptive immune system based on the MHC and Ig superfamily–based AgR. In this basal group of jawed vertebrates, we identified a third nonclassical MHC class I lineage (UDA), which is present in all species analyzed within the two major cartilaginous subclasses, Holocephali (chimaeras) and Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates, and rays). The deduced amino acid sequences of UDA have eight out of nine typically invariant residues that bind to the N and C termini of bound peptide found in most vertebrae classical class I (UAA); additionally, the other predicted 28 peptide-binding residues are perfectly conserved in all elasmobranch UDA sequences. UDA is distinct from UAA in its differential tissue distribution and its lower expression levels and is mono- or oligomorphic unlike the highly polymorphic UAA. UDA has a low copy number in elasmobranchs but is multicopy in the holocephalan spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei). Using a nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) family, we found that UDA is MHC linked but separable by recombination from the tightly linked cluster of UAA, TAP, and LMP genes, the so-called class I region found in most nonmammalian vertebrates. UDA has predicted structural features that are similar to certain nonclassical class I genes in other vertebrates, and, unlike polymorpic classical class I, we anticipate that it may bind to a conserved set of specialized peptides.
Six minute walking test: an old tool with new applications
Authors: Zieliński Jan
Published: January 2020

In 1976 McGavin and colleagues invented a sim- ple, easy to apply and reproducible test assessing exercise capacity in patients with chronic bronchitis. McGavin, at that time registrar at the City Hospital in Edinburgh, probably did not expect such a promising future for his timed walk test. The test not only stood well the advent of sophisticated cardiopulmonary exercise testing but also has been used by other medical specialties serving many pur- poses up to the 21st century.
Asthma in pregnancy
Authors: Kılınç Günseli
Published: January 2020

In their paper entitled ‘Asthma in pregnancy- from immunology to clinical management’ Lilia Tamási et al.  (pag. 259-263) discuss the effect of asthma on pregnancy and vice versa. As it is generally accepted, asthma improves during pregnancy in about one- third, remains the same in another one-third, and worsens in one-third of pregnant women.
Semilinear elliptic equations with Hardy potential and gradient nonlinearity
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos , Nguyen Phuoc-Tai
Published: January 2020

Let

\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^N

(

N \geq 3

) be a

C^2

bounded domain, and let

\delta

be the distance to

\partial \Omega

. In this paper, we study positive solutions of the equation

(\star)\ -L_\mu u+ g(|\nabla u|) = 0

in

\Omega

, where

L_\mu=\Delta + {\mu}/{\delta^2}

,

\mu \in (0,{1}/{4}]

and

g

is a continuous, nondecreasing function on

{\mathbb R}_+

. We prove that if

g

satisfies a singular integral condition, then there exists a unique solution of

(\star)

with a prescribed boundary datum

\nu

. When

g(t)=t^q

with

q \in (1,2)

, we show that equation

(\star)

admits a critical exponent

q_\mu

(depending only on

N

and

\mu

). In the subcritical case, namely

1 < q < q_\mu

, we establish some a priori estimates and provide a description of solutions with an isolated singularity on

\partial \Omega

. In the supercritical case, i.e.,

q_\mu\leq q < 2

, we demonstrate a removability result in terms of Bessel capacities.
Effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS) on Phosphofructokinase Activity in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Keitt
Authors: A.A. Elhefny A.A. Elhefny
Published: January 2020

A controlled atmosphere (CA) is an agricultural storage method. It is an atmosphere in which oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen concentration as well as temperature and humidity are regulated. Glycolysis is the basis of both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration, and it occurs in nearly all organisms. It is regulated by three enzymes catalyzing nonequilibrium reactions: Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase.In this work we studied the effect of controlled atmosphere storage (CAS) of mango at 13°C on the activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and on fruit quality. This study was carried out on mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Keitt. The storage of fruits under the CA retarded ripening and did not affect the quality attributes of Keitt mango. There was a significant decreasing in the activity of PFK as compared with control under (CAS) used in this work. These results indicate a potential for the application of CA for postharvest ripening control of mango. The optimal CA for long-term storage of "Keitt" mango at 13°C is (3% O2 +6% CO2+ 91% N2); under these conditions the storage life of mango can be extended up to 10 weeks.