bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TOXICITY AND EFFICACY OF CRUDE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAF AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI
Authors: Biu A. A. , Buratai L. B. , Ahmed A. A. , Hambali I. U. , Ngulde S. I. , Zakariah M. , Lawal J. R.
Published: December 2016

The aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaf was evaluated for its phytochemistry, acute toxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal efficacy in this study. A total of 15 albino rats grouped into 5(A-E) of 3 rats each were intraperitoneally treated with graded doses of 100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg body weight of the aqueous extract and observed for 24 hours for clinical signs and death. The calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 600mg/kg body weight, with clinical signs of sluggishness, awkward pasture, loss of appetite, starry hair coat and terminal death within 24 hours. Severity of clinical signs varied with increasing doses. The in vitro antitrypanosomal efficacy of the aqueous extract showed 100% inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei at concentrations of 40mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 2.5mg/ml respectively. In conclusion the aqueous extract of C. papaya leaf has bioactive components that are moderately toxic and has trypanosomal inhibitory activity.
OCCURENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN RAW AND FERMENTED MILK IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS
Authors: Tamba Z. , Bello M. , Raji M. A.
Published: December 2016

Salmonellosis is an important food-borne disease affecting both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and antibiogram of Salmonella species from raw and fermented milk. The results showed that out of the 350 milk samples examined 14 (4.0%) were positive for salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella is higher in raw milk (4.6%) than in fermented milk (3.4%) with no statistical difference (P>0.05) between them. The prevalence of both raw (75.0%) and fermented milk (83.33%) is significantly higher (P<0.05) in SabonGari LGA than in Giwa LGA with 25.0% and 16.67% respectively. No salmonella was isolated from the all the 50 raw and 78 fermented milk examined from Zaria LGA. The antibiotic susceptibility test showed that ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were 100% susceptible, while chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid showed 93% susceptible each. Others are streptomycin and tetracycline (64.3%), amoxicillin (21.4%), ampicillin and erythromycin (14.3%) and lincomycin (0%). This connotes that all the Salmonella isolates were 100% resistance to lincomycin, 85.7% to erythromycin, 85.7% to ampicillin and 78.6% to amoxicillin. The antibiotic resistance pattern of 14 Salmonella isolates from raw and fermented milk showed 9 different resistance patterns of the11 antimicrobial agents used. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test showed that only 1(7.1%) of the isolate was sensitive to Amoxicillin with < 0.12 while the remaining 9 (98.9%) were resistant to the two antibiotics used (AML and E) with >256.
Effective Lecturing
Authors: Habib Md Ahsan
Published: December 2016

Abstract not availableJournal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 1-2
Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization
Authors: Chowdhury Liza , Jahan Ishrat
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with great discomfort, high incidence of urinary tract infection, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay.Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization.Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out from April 2012 to March 2013, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CMH Dhaka and IBN Sina Hospital Dhaka among 65 patients who had undergone cesarean section without catheterization. There were some limitations of this study. We had excluded previous cesarean from our study, so the results of this study cannot be generalized.Results: Firs void discomfort was not significantly associated without the use of indwelling catheter. Hospital stay was shorter (94% was discharged on 3rd post operative day). None of the patients had bladder injury. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes (44%) and ambulation time 11-14 hours (60%). Average estimated blood loss was 500 ml (41%) and time of 1st voiding was 5-8 hrs (58%). Need for catheterization was significantly low (3%).Conclusion: Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 3-6
Role of Male Partners in 100 Infertile Couples
Authors: Ara Mah Jabeen , Hussain Sk Md Bahar , Rashid Mamun Ur
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Approximately 15% of couples are infertile. Male infertility plays an important role in about half of these couples. This study has been done to determine whether sperm morphology and motility do really affect sperm count or spermatogenesis and at the same time causes a problem with fertility.Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate a males inability to cause pregnancy in a fertile female.Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of 100 diagnosed infertile and subfertile couples in the age group of 23-58 yrs old male. They were selected from 01 March 2013 to 28 Feb 2014 undergoing treatment for infertility in Dhaka CMH. On the basis of sperm count the cases were grouped as follows: Normozoospermia, oligozoospermia & Azoospermia. Semen analysis was done in all the cases and the results were described with arithmetic mean and standard deviation.Results: Normozoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are 65.98± 5.05, 24.44±1.57 and 45.5±2.94 respectively; Oligozoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are 7.74±1.23, 41.1±3.78, 14.54±2.77 respectively; Azoospermia: Mean and SD of sperm count, sperm abnormality, sperm motility are absent.Conclusion: Here data statistically showed person with normozoospermia having good sperm morphology and motility than oligozoospermia and azoospermic subjects thereby causing male infertility which is responsible for hindrance in achieving pregnancy clinically.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 50-53
Pattern of Morbidities in Under Five Children and Health Seeking Behaviour of their Parents
Authors: Anne Rownok Azad , Akhter Neelima , Shapla Nahid Reaz , Jesmin Eva , Begum Nazma
Published: December 2016

Introduction: All children, no matter where they born, deserve a healthy start in life. But harsh reality is that, in year 2012, 6.6 million children died in Bangladesh before their fifth birthday. The children constitute a large proportion of the total population of Bangladesh. They are 15 million, the vulnerable or special risk group; deserve exceptional health care as the child mortality and morbidity risks are much higher than their later life. Child morbidity is determined by several complex and inter-related factors in Bangladesh, specially in rural area.Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of morbidity of under five children, health seeking behaviour of their parents and the socio-demographic factors affecting those under five children's morbidity.Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out at Madhupur Thana under a rural area of Tangail District during January 2012 to June 2012 to find out the pattern of morbidities of under five children and health seeking behaviour of their parents. Total 170 mothers were selected purposively to carry out this study.Results: Among the cases of morbidities, 611(100%) sufferings of under five children were recorded from 170 respondents. The highest frequency (133, 21.76%) of sufferings of under five children were from cold, almost the similar number (132, 21.6%) of sufferings were from fever and 116(16.69%) sufferings were from diarrhoea. In this study, health care seeking behaviour for their children were found towards blessings from religious person (Jarphuk/Tabiz-11.77%), spiritual healer (Kobiraj-8.82%), herbal(7.06%), village doctor(20%) drug seller (17.06%), homeopath (12.94%), paramedic (4.71%), MBBS doctors (9.41%) and 8.23% did not take any treatment. Monthly income level of 51.8% respondents were from Taka 5000/- to Taka 10,000/-. On the other hand, only 07 respondents had highest level income of Taka 20,000/- to Taka 30,000/-. The mean income of the mother of under five children was Tk 10,064/- (SD= ± 5709.06). This study revealed that 14 respondents out of 170 did not take any treatment for their under five children. Out of these 14 respondents, 02(14.28%) even did not know the existence of treatment for the morbidity of their under five children. Again, 05(35.71%) respondents had the belief that their children would get cured without any medicine, 04 (28.57%) respondents had no health care centre nearby and 03(21.42%) respondents were unable to bear the treatment cost.Conclusion: Education and awareness of the parents about child health care are important components to reconsider for developing new strategy for improving existing situation of health seeking behaviour of parents for their under-5 children.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 59-63
Van Wyk- Grumbach Syndrome  An Unusual Presentation of Severe Hypothyroidism
Authors: Naznin Lubna , Saha Suchitra , Saha Debashish , Sultana Sarmin , Chowdhury Md Jahangir
Published: December 2016

Van Wyk- Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) is characterized by juvenile hypothyroidism, delayed bone age, and precocious puberty with a complete reversal to the pre-pubertal state following thyroid hormone replacement therapy. In this study, a 7 years and 1 month old girl presented with precocity having premature menarche, short stature, constipation, delayed bone age and enlarged bilateral multicystic ovaries. She presented with acute abdomen due to torsion of left ovary and had to undergo left sided oophorectomy and right ovarian cystectomy. High serum TSH, low FT4 with high FSH but low LH within pre-pubertal range suggestive of severe hypothyroidism with FSH dominant precocious pseudopuberty confirmed the diagnosis of VWGS.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 85-88
Pre-emptive Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children  Role of Paracetamol
Authors: Yasmin Rubina , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Sarker Paresh Chandra , Ahmed Neaz , Kundu Ranadhir Kumar , Iqbal KM
Published: December 2016

This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Dept. of Anaesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, BSMMU, Dhaka, during the period of May 2003 to July 2003. The study was done to emphasize the importance of giving analgesics preemptively instead of waiting for the child to complain of pain and to produce smooth recovery after surgery by decreasing immediate postoperative pain in children by a simple, safe acceptable drug. The children scheduled for tonsillectomy under general anaesthesia were recruited in this study. The analgesic efficiency of rectal paracetamol in two doses, 25 mg/kg bodywt.(Gr-P25) and 50 mg/kg. bodywt. (Gr-P50) were compared with Diclofenac Sodium suppository 1mg/ kg body weight (Gr-D) given half an hour before induction of anaesthesia. Pain scoring was done by TPPPS (Toddler Pre-schooler postoperative pain scale). Heart rate and blood pressure were stable in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Time of first demand of analgesic was delayed in Gr-P50 and Gr-D. Total paracetamol consumption in 24 hours was less in Gr-P50(181±14.25) and Gr-D (212±25) than Gr-P25(318± 26.39). Total duration of analgesia in Gr- P50 (657±9.94) mins. and in Gr- D(502±10.63) mins. and in Gr-P25(288±23.17) mins. Pre-emptive high dose rectal paracetamol appears to be more effective than diclofenac sodium suppository for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.9-16
Update of Neuroanaesthesia in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Hasina , Chaudhury Iqbal Hossain , Hoque AKM Azizul , Khatun UH Shahera
Published: December 2016

In the last 20 years , new drugs and new methods of cerebral monitoring have been introduced, that have affected our choice & conduct of anaesthesia. Which affects significantly the outcome of neurosurgery. To consider the outcome from neurosurgical anaesthesia, both drugs & monitors have to be considered. This is a retrospective study of 2000 patients those who attended in BSMMU from 1985 to 2002 for craniotomy under general anaesthesia. Perioperative mortality (overall ) of that period was 5.5%. Perioperative mortality significantly reduced from 1985 to 2002. In first 6 years (1985 - 1990) mortality was 14%; in 2nd 6 years ( 1991 -1996 ) mortality was 6%; in 3rd 6 years (1997 -2002) mortality was only 2.48%. At the same time number of patients undergoing surgery greatly increased: In first 6 years ( 1985- 1990 ) it was 225 ; in 2nd 6 years ( 1991 - 1996 ) : 557 , in 3rd 6 years ( 1997 - 2002 ): 1169. All the above data shows markedly reduced mortality and increased number of surgery indicates tremendous improvement in the field of neuroanaesthesia both in drugs and monitors as well as skillness of neurosurgeons. To assess changes in outcome , outcome measures need to be defined for neuroanaesthesia. Because the effects of surgery markedly affect neurological or neurophysiological outcome, it can be difficult to distinguish the effects of surgery & anaesthesia and the effects of new agents. Journal of BSA, Vol. 18, No. 1 & 2, 2005 p.17-21
Haemodynamic Changes before Aortic Cannulation in CABG Surgery Under Propofol-Fentanyl Anaesthesia: Comparison with Oxygen- nitrous- Halothane Technique
Authors: Reza Sayeed Mahmud Ali , Chowdhury Iqbal Hossain , Islam Azharul , Latif Kazi Askar , Habib Md Ahsanul
Published: December 2016

Patients undergoing CABG surgery have abnormal cardiovascular physiology and are commonly associated with multivessels disease, have compromised ventricular function and are often associated with other co morbid conditions. Aim of the study was to compare the peroperative hemodynamic effect in CABG surgery before aortic cannulation of two anesthetic techniques, e.g. TIVA (propofol-fentanyl) vs conventional (N20-halothane). 40 patients scheduled for CABG surgery were allocated in double blind, randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups. In group A patients were maintained anaesthesia with TIVA (Propofol-fentanyl) technique and in group B patients conventional (N20-halothane) technique. Hemodynamic parameters were taken at different stages in peroperative period upto the time of aortic cannulation. Hemodynamic supports were manipulated in a systematic approach. Hemodynamic status was evaluated and compared on the basis of support requirements between the groups. No significant changes of all the hemodynamic parameters were observed at induction, intubation, skin incision, sternotomy and then in maintenance phase (mean of 15 minutes interval) upto aortic cannulation in both groups.   Journal of BSA, Vol. 19, No. 1 & 2, 2006 p.3-8
Biochemical and Haemodynamic Effects of Crystalloid Solutions Administered During Perioperative Period
Authors: Banik Debasish , Huda Qumrul , Hye Abdul , Iqbal KM
Published: December 2016

Forty five (45) ASA grade I & II patients aged between 21 to 55 years, scheduled for electiv abdominal surgery (incision not exceeding 15 cm with minimal blood loss, under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups (A, and C). Patients of Group A, B and C received infusion of 5% dextrose aqua, normal saline and 5% dextrose in normal saline respectively throughout perioperative course (upto 24 hours after operation). Each group received post operative period. Parameters recorded were mean arterial pressure (MAP), Pulse, Serum elecirolyte (Na+, K+), amount of fluid in fused and urine output during operation and postoperatively Blood samples for serum electrolyte estimation were taken just before induction, immediately before reversal and twenty four hours after surgery. A standard anaesthetic technique was followed for all groups.Percentage increase from pre-operative values were calculated for mean arterial pressure, pulse rate and serum electrolytes. The ratio between urine output and fluid infused during per- and post-operative period were calculated. There were statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between group A and C in perand post-operative change in pulse rate and statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in postoperative output/input ratio between group A and B and highly significant (p<0.01) between A and C. Electrolyte containing fluids of higher osmolality caused increased diuresis in per-operative period and increased pulse rate in post-operative period. So, although there are few difference between three fluids, these didnot produce any effects( beneficial or detrimental) on the body system under normal conditions. Journal of BSA, Vol. 19, No. 1 & 2, 2006 p.33-37
Intervention and Therapies Associated Mortality in Intensive Care Unit of BSMMU, Dhaka
Authors: Faruque Labib Imran , Huda Qumrul , Banik Debasish , Rahman AKM Shafiqur
Published: December 2016

In the general ICU of BSMMU, Dhaka. 157 critically ill patients were studied for association between mortality and interventions/therapies. Among the patients 123 received mechanical ventilation (major interventions) and 100 of them expired which is very highly significant (P< 0.001). Among the patients who got minor interventions (urinary catheterization, nasogastric tube insertion, central venous line, tracheostomy)-none was significant. The patients who received therapies (fresh frozen plasma, whole blood, ionotropes/vassopressor drugs, platelet rich plasma)-no parameter was significant except the patients who got ionotropes /vassopressor therapy ( P<0.05). From our study it is apparent that mortality is more associated with major interventions like mechanical ventilation and mortality associated with minor interventions are non-significant. Mortality associated with ionotropes /vassopressor therapy was significant.   Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2007 p.9-12
Anesthesia Considerations in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Munir Md Mahbubul Hasan
Published: December 2016

Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2007 p.30-33
Hypersensitivity Reaction after Infusion of Hartman Solution: Immediate Detection and Management
Authors: Begum Hasina , Hossain Yameen , Khatun UH Shahera
Published: December 2016

Although uncommon, hypersensitivity( allergy) and idiosyncratic reactions are potentially disastrous without early recognition and effective management. A 16 years old male patient suffering from stricture urethra (post traumatic) scheduled for urethro plasty under SAB(Subarachnoid block). But during preloading with intravenous fluid patient suddenly developed dyspnea, wheezing and rash which was managed immediately with steroid , antihistamine and bronchodilator and diagnosed as febrile reaction and surgery posponded. After 6 months he was again scheduled for surgery and at that time no adverse reaction was revealed after IV infusion for 15 minutes but suddenly developed severe respiratory distress and cardiac arrest and diagnosed as anaphylactic reaction which was managed with inj. adrenaline, cardiac massage, intubation & ventilation with 100% O2. And patient became completely stable within minute. Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2007 p.34-35
Effect of Site of Injection on Spread of Spinal Anaesthesia with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine
Authors: Karim MA , Banik Debasish , Hye Abdul , Huda Qumrul , Laskar MMH , Banik Debabrata , Akhtaruzzaman AKM
Published: December 2016

Ninety unpremeditated patients (20-40 years) undergoing caesarean section were allocated randomly to receive 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 2ml at the site of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 intervertebral space. Spinal injection was performed to all patients with a 25-gauge Quincke spinal needle. The onset time of analgesia at T10 and T6 was significantly faster and the level of analgesia at 5 and 10 min was significantly higher after injection at L2-3. But the maximum height (T4) of analgesia at 15 and 20 min after injection and the number of episodes of hypotension were not significantly different among the three groups. Key words: Spinal anaesthesia, hyperbaric bupivacaine, site of injection, spread of anaesthesia.   Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.51-55
Comparison Between Effect of Head Positions on the Placement of Catheter in the Internal Jugular Vein
Authors: Choudhury Begum Marjan Mohol , Ali Ashia , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Rahman AKM Shafiqur
Published: December 2016

The position of the head of the patient play an important role in the ease and success of Right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV) cannulation using external landmark-guided technique. Sixty patients undergoing open heart surgery for both acquired and congenital heart diseases were studied in three groups-neutral head position, head rotated to 20 degree and head rotated to 30 degree to the left for RIJV cannulation. The overall success rate irrespective of number of attempts and head positions in this study was 93.3%. Complications were a bit higher than in other studies. Available literature did not compare between different degree of position of head rotation. This study compared between these groups in terms of number of attempts required for RIJV cannulation, but no significant difference was found between or within the groups (P>0.05). From this study it can be proposed that, some degree of rotation (upto 20 degree) may be allowed to make landmark prominent but extreme degree of rotation which result in more number of attempts and complications is not desired.   Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.56-60
Shivering Control in Subarachnoid Block by Nalbuphine - A Comparative Study with Pethidine
Authors: Chowdhury Md Shahnewaz , Ahmed Sajjad , Haque M Masudul , Hossain Md Mozaffer
Published: December 2016

Complication during anaesthesia is inevitable but judicious start, vigilant monitoring, application of pharmacology can prevent or lessen it. Shivering is one of the complications of Subarachnoid block (SAB). To prevent shivering during SAB many techniques had so long been applied. Among them during shivering giving low dose intravenous Pethidine is so far popular in our country. As the drug is not available all the times due to legal restriction & our socioeconomic circumstances, so we studied with another opioid, Nalbuphine and has got an acceptable result which is equipotent and some where better than that of Pethidine. This randomized prospective study conducted in 60 ASA I, II patients, was designed to explore the efficacy and potency of Nalbuphine in comparison to Pethidine for shivering under subaracnoid block. Patient received Nalbuphine 5mg LV or Pethidine25mg after appearance of shivering. Disappearance and recurrence of shivering, as well as haemodynamics were observed at scheduled intervals. Onset of disappearance of shivering was found at 1 minute in Nalbuphine group (N) (p<0.05) and at 3 minutes in Pethidine group (P) (p <0.05). The complete disappearance of shivering took 5 minutes in N group and 20 minutes in P group. Thus Nalbuphine and Pethidine were equally efficacious, but Nalbuphine was more potent with respect to control of shivering and its recurrence. It was concluded that I.V Nalbuphine is qualitatively superior to Pethidine for control shivering. Key words: Shivering in SAB, Nalbuphine, Pethedine   Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.66-69
Awake CABG on Beating Heart Under High Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia First Time in BSMMU
Authors: Ali Ashia , Habib Ahsanul , Choudhury Begum Marjan Mohol , Hasan Sharif , Rahman Mostafizur
Published: December 2016

Minimally invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) using Thoracic Epidural' Anesthesia (TEA) is nowadays considered to be a safe surgical strategy. The objective of TEA is to achieve somatosensory and motor block at TI to T8 level so that CABG can be done in - awake patient. In June 2006 when a 40 year old patient came to us in University Cardiac Centre (UCC) at BSMMU with double-vessel disease for CABG surgery, we considered it an opportunity to try this operation under only high thoracic epidural anesthesia without incubation. After taking the patient's consent, we proceeded to perform the awake CABG on beating heart (ACAS) - an operation attempted for the first time in BSMMU. The patient received TEA via an epidural catheter placed at the level of T1 -T2. Total arterial myocardial revascularization on was performed after sternotomy. The patient well tolerated all phases of the operation. Additional analgesics and sedatives required only during the sternotomy and sternal retraction. The patient's Blood Pressure (BP), SPO2, ABG, ETCO2, ECG, and all other parameters were within normal range throughout the whole procedure. The effect of movement of the chest wall and heart during spontaneous respiration did not affect the conduction of the surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful, and we were able to release the patient from the ICU on the second POD. Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.70-72
Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: First Time in Bangladesh - A Case Report
Authors: Sardar K , Chowdhury AKMNN , Morshed AKM , Salam MA , Hasan MM , Zafar SMA , Haque MA , Rahman M
Published: December 2016

Journal of BSA, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2007 p.73-78
Complications of regional anaesthesia with special reference to spinal, Epidural and coudal anaesthesia
Authors: Laskar MMH , Banik Debabrata , Hye MA , Akhtaruzzaman AKM , Huda R
Published: December 2016

Journal of BSA, 2008; 21(2): 80-85
Thoracic epidural anaesthesia for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Choudhury Begum Marjan Mohol , Alauddin Mohammad
Published: December 2016

Myasthenia gravis is a disease of great significance to the anaesthesiologist, because it affects the neuromuscular junctions. Many patients with this condition are treated by surgical thymectomy. Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis requires special attention as far as the type of anesthesia and use of muscle relaxants. We use high thoracic epidural anaesthesia for trans-sternal thymectomy to avoid the use of muscle relaxants and volatile anesthetic agents which prevented the laryngeal injury and potential post-operative respiratory failure. Key words: Myasthenia gravis, Thymectomy. Journal of BSA, 2008; 21(2): 86-87
Frequencies of Different Morphological Types and Clinical Presentation of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Undergoing Surgical Repair in Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Ratna Rani , Shamim Khondker Manzare , Saha PK , Yusuf Md. Abdullah
Published: December 2016

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the important congenital anomaly. Objective: The present study is designed to determine how the different morphological types of ASD are distributed among Bangladeshi Bengali patients undergoing surgical repair and to see the clinical features of the above patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on the 50 ASD patients undergoing surgical repair at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) or the National Heart Foundation and Research Institute (NHF & RI) in Dhaka, during the period of July 2010 to June 2011 to explore different morphological types and clinical presentation. The morphological types of ASD were revealed by echocardiography and confirmed preoperatively. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited in this study of which ostium secundum type was found in 96% cases and sinus venosus type in 4% cases. Evaluation of patients showed that 14% of the patients were asymptomatic and they were detected incidentally. The most common symptoms were palpitation, dyspnea, recurrent RTI, fatigue, failure to thrive and chest pain. The commonest signs at diagnosis included loud S1, wide and fixed splitting S2, systolic murmur, tachycardia, shifting of the apex beat and left parasternal lift. Surgical closure has been the mainstream of treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion ostium secundum is the most common type of ASD.
To study the effect of grinding parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate of cylindrical grinding of heat treated en 47 steel
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Sukhjinder , Goyal Khushdeep
Published: December 2016

This research paper attempts to optimize the effect of input parameters to minimize surface roughness and maximize the material removal rate in cylindrically grinding of EN 47 steel material. Taguchi L18 (2)¹, (3)5 orthogonal array or mixed level of parameters have been applied to experimental design with the help of mini tab software. The result reveals that grain size and work speed are the most significant factors to influence material removal rate and surface roughness. The optimum set of input parameters for maximizing the material removal rate and optimum surface roughness have also been found
Acceleration Analysis of 3-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulators by Means of Screw Theory
Authors: Zarkandi Soheil
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the second order kinematics of three degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar parallel manipulators. The simple and compact expressions are derived for both the inverse and forward acceleration analyses using screw theory. Moreover, as an example, a 3-DOF planar parallel manipulator is introduced and its kinematics is analyzed using the proposed method.
Mathematical Modeling for Measures of Supply Chain Flexibility
Authors: Farok G. M. G.
Published: December 2016

Supply chain flexibility is a competitive measure of supply chain aspects. It is a linkage medium between supply chain players and business performance. It absorbs the change in market conditions, demand volume and mix, product differentiations, commodity prices, availability of technology, labor costs, and exchange rates, utilization of equipment, production and logistics environment, cultural issues or any disruption in supply chain elements. This conception can be used as flexible guide that develop very well for multistage supply chains and it is established a model to meet the balancing situation of supply chain flexibilities by adjusting weight and individual probabilities. These results would lead to support and accommodate the managerial decisions as well as global supply chain management strategy.
Philosophy of Life of Acharya Brajendranath Seal: Exposition and Beyond
Authors: Sarkar I
Published: December 2016

Abstract not availablePhilosophy and Progress, Vol#55-56; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2014
Classical Liberalism and its Limits
Authors: Azam Golam
Published: December 2016

It is widely considered that minorities rights and dignity are protected in liberal societies particularly in western liberal countries up to a level humanly possible. However, in this article I show that its not as much heroic a theory as we conceive specifically when the liberal society is committed to accommodate plurality of ideas and lifestyles. After briefly explaining principal tenets of classical liberalism I claim that some fundamental weakness of the theory makes it untenable in liberal plural society let alone non-western society of diversityPhilosophy and Progress, Vol#55-56; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2014
Ageism and Age Discrimination in Old Age: An Overview
Authors: Islam Md Rabiul
Published: December 2016

Bangladesh is the eighth largest countries in the world with a population of more than 160 million. Today, the number of older persons is about 12 million which represents 7.5 percent of the total population. As increasing the number of older persons gradually their deprivation is also increasing. Age discrimination is a global social issue which affects the health and human rights of millions of older persons around the world, and an issue which deserves the attention of the national and international community. In our country, ageism is observed severely due to low economic capacity, poverty, loss of work and authority, physical inability, changes of social norms and values, breaking the joint family unit, negligence attitudes towards the elderly, individualism and other psycho-social, economic and cultural reasons. Age discrimination affects older men and women across all socio-economic groups, cultures, races and ethnicities.Philosophy and Progress, Vol#55-56; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2014
Low Patriarchy and Feminine Emotional Intelligence in R. K. Narayans Grandmothers Tale
Authors: Hossain Sanjeeda
Published: December 2016

Within patriarchy men enjoy almost absolute authority that relegates women to a seemingly powerless entity. India is a case in point. However, historically mothers have often been instrumental in parental control in Indian households. According to Hagans Powercontrol theory of gender difference in risk preference, sons are subjects to weaker maternal parental control because they are mostly occupied with the outer world. Hence, unlike daughters in a patriarchal household, they are more risk prone and delinquent. On the other hand, daughters are generally risk averse for their mothers direct instrumental control. They deploy a powerful emotional intelligence through strong interpersonal network. This paper argues that R. K. Narayan in Grandmothers Tale takes such aspects of feminine strength into consideration and relays that through the story of Bala, as told to him by her grandmother; thereby revealing a kind of position of power for women in society which can be characterized as low patriarchy. By depicting different levels of parental control placed upon children in her story, Grandmother raises the narrator of the story in a female-headed household which induces him into understanding the differences between him and children brought up under patriarchy. This paper will explore how the narrator, along with his Grandmother, advocates a new domestic sphere where male and female children can be equally dutiful and well-behaved through the intervention of higher feminine intelligence and low patriarchy.Philosophy and Progress, Vol#55-56; No#1-2; Jan-Dec 2014
Lipid Lowering Treatment: Current Issues
Authors: Ekram ARM Saifuddin
Published: December 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v15i1.8371 TAJ 2002; 15(1): 1-4
An Appraisal of Knowledge of Village Practitioners on ARI
Authors: Ali Md Mohsin , Rahman Mahmudur
Published: December 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v15i1.8372TAJ 2002; 15(1): 5-8
Risk Factors for Enterocolitis after the Definitive Treatment of Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Choudhury Kamal M , Hoque Shafiqul
Published: December 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v15i1.8374 TAJ 2002; 15(1): 13-16
Niemann Pick Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Bari Md Iqbal , Haque M Imdadul , Siddiqui Abu Bakar , Hossain M Asgar , Alam T
Published: December 2016

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v15i1.8379 TAJ 2002; 15(1): 32-34
Efficacy of Topical Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide and Oral Tetracycline Combination in Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Hossain MM , Al-Amin MA
Published: December 2016

This study was done in the outpatient department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005. In this study the efficacy of topical tretinoin, benzoyl peroxide and oral tetracycline was studied in 50 patients. Forty five patients completed the course of treatment and 5 patients were defaulter. Complete remission was seen in 32 (71.11%), marked improvement in 08 (17.78%) and good response in 05 (11.11%) patients. Application of topical tretinoin cream (0.05%) in the evening, benzoyl peroxide cream (5%) in the morning and oral tetracycline (500 mg bd) before meal was found very effective, safe and cheap in the treatment of comedonal, pustular and pustulo-nodular acne vulgaris.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v19i1.3161 TAJ 2006; 19(1): 10-12
Study on 100 cases of coronary artery disease underwent percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: BanglaJOL Administrator , Faruque Md , Rahman Fazlur , Reza AQM , Rahman Mizanur , Rahman Sufia , Zaher Abduz , Hoque Md Harisul
Published: December 2016

This prospective study was done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2004 to January2005 to see the effectiveness and safety profile of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with coronary artery disease. 100 patients with male 90 percent and female 10 percent undergo percutaneous coronary intervention in our unit during this period. Indication of percutaneous coronary interventions were chronic stable angina with stress test positive in 20 percent cases, unstable angina with prior myocardial infarction in 30 percent cases, unstable angina without prior myocardial infarction in 20percent cases, acute inferior myocardial infarction with post myocardial infarction angina in 20 percent cases and acute anterior myocardial infarction with post myocardial infarction angina in 10 percent cases. Angiographic diagnosis of the patients were single vessel disease in 70 percent cases , double vessel disease in 24 percent cases and triple vessel disease in 11 percent cases. Total number of disease coronary arteries was 146 and 125 lesions were treated. Out of 125, 120 lesions were treated with percuteneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting and 5 lesions with plain percuteneous transluminal coronary angioplasty .Total occlusion was treated in 7 cases. Mean diameter of stent used was 3.02 ± 0.42 mm. Patients were discharged by three to four days of the procedure with improved clinical conditions. Residual stenosis after deploying of stent was less than l 0 percent. Our angiographic success rate was 98 percent, procedural success 96 percent and clinical success 95 percent. Failed percuteneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 2 cases all of them were chronic total occlusion. One patient died on third day of the procedure due to ventricular asystole, he was a patient of triple vessel disease. Following procedure, course of the patients were uneventful. In the field of maagement of coronary artery disease percutaneous coronary intervention is the internationally recognized standard treatment worldwide for more than last 2 decades. From our result it is found that in most of the indicated cases of PCI can be done efficiently with very minimum rate of failure & complication. Key word: Percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary artery disease.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3434 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 13-16
Measurement of Human Blood pressure  a guideline for General Practitioners
Authors: Rahman Md Arifur , Haque KMHS Sirajul , Siddique Md Abu , Ahmed Quazi Arif , Hoque Md Harisul , Ahmed Md Khurshed , Habib SM Ahsan , Parvez Md Shahimur , Sultan Md Ashraf Uddin
Published: December 2016

Blood pressure is a vital parameter. Stephen Hales first measured BP and Scipione Riva-Rocci developed the prototype of the present day sphygmomanometer. Both directly and indirectly BP can be measured. The indirect method Includes sphygmomanometric method, ultrasound doppler method, oscillometric method, self measurement and ambulatory BP monitoring. For proper measurement of BP by auscultatory method, one should have adequate knowledge of equipment and cuff size, proper technique and Korotkoff sounds. In different situations like arrhythmias, shock, hyperkinetic circulatory states and aortic regurgitation, BP should be measured carefully. In recent years home BP monitoring and ambulatory BP monitoring are becoming popular. Care must be taken to avoid both underestimation and overestimation of BP recording.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3438 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 28-31
Pregnancy and its outcome in women with and without surgical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Hahan Samsad , Das Tripty , Rahman Shahnaz , Hossain Md Zahid , Ferdous Fateha , Habib Samira Humaira , Saha Soma , Mahmood Manzoor , Hoque Md Harisul
Published: December 2016

Two pregnant ladies came with Tetralogy of Fellot (TOF) for antenatal care. One of them had been operated and the other one was not operated. One who had been operated delivered a healthy baby. The other one was medically managed with oxygen, propranolol and maintainance of hydration. She delivered a normal baby with normal delivery. In repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF), the risk of pregnancy is dependant on the degree of residual haemodynamic impairment. Where a good repair has been achieved, pregnancy is usually well tolerated in the absence of pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. In patients with uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot, attention to volume status should be continued during the early postpartum period. A reliable contraceptive plan should be made, permanent sterilization is a good alternative.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3442 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 42-43
Successful treatment of Subclavian artery thrombosis with gangrene of fingers- a case report
Authors: Hoque Md Rezwanul , Husain Sabrina , Alauddin Md , Rahman Zerzina
Published: December 2016

Mr. X, a smoker, normotensive, nondiabetic male patient of 24 years of age, presented with acute severe pain of the left upper extremity for 2 days. He had discoloration of the thumb and index finger for which he consulted a quack doctor who made an incision over the blackened area to drain subcutaneous collection and gave antibiotic and analgesics. There was no bleeding from the site of incision and regular dressing could not improve his condition. After waiting for 15 days without any improvement, he reported to a private clinic in Dhaka. Thorough physical examination and investigation revealed subclavian artery thrombosis due to cervical rib. The thoracic outlet syndrome was relieved by sclaneous muscle division and excision of the cervical rib, subclavian artery thrombectomy was possible through transbrachial route even after more than 2 weeks.   doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3443 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 44-46
Erratum: Roche, J. et al. Global Decrease of Histone H3K27 Acetylation in ZEB1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers, 2013, 5, 334–356
Authors: Roche Joëlle , Nasarre Patrick , Gemmill Robert , Baldys Aleksander , Pontis Julien , Korch Christopher , Guilhot Joëlle , Ait-Si-Ali Slimane , Drabkin Harry
Published: December 2016

The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [...]
Energy Conversion: A Comparison of Fix- and Self-Referenced Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Sheng Wanan , Lewis Tony
Published: December 2016

The paper presents an investigation of fix-referenced and self-referenced wave energy converters and a comparison of their corresponding wave energy conversion capacities from real seas. For conducting the comparisons, two popular wave energy converters, point absorber and oscillating water column, and their power conversion capacities in the fixed-referenced and self-referenced forms have been numerically studied and compared. In the numerical models, the device’s power extractions from seas are maximized using the correspondingly optimized power take-offs in different sea states, thus their power conversion capacities can be calculated and compared. From the comparisons and analyses, it is shown that the energy conversion capacities of the self-referenced devices can be significantly increased if the motions of the device itself can be utilized for wave energy conversion; and the self-referenced devices can be possibly designed to be compliant in long waves, which could be a very beneficial factor for device survivability in the extreme wave conditions (normally long waves). In this regards, the self-referenced WECs (wave energy converters) may be better options in terms of wave energy conversion from the targeted waves in seas (frequently the most occurred), and in terms of the device survivability, especially in the extreme waves when compared to the fix-referenced counterparts.
An Analysis Based on SD Model for Energy-Related CO2 Mitigation in the Chinese Household Sector
Authors: Chen Xingpeng , Wang Guokui , Guo Xiaojia , Fu Jinxiu
Published: December 2016

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has become a global consensus in response to global warming and climate change, especially to China, the largest CO2 emitter in the world. Most studies have focused on CO2 emissions from the production sector, however, the household sector plays an important role in the total energy-related CO2 emissions. This study formulates an integrated model based on logarithmic mean Divisia index methodology and a system dynamics model to dynamically simulate household energy consumption and CO2 emissions under different conditions. Results show the following: (1) the integrated model performs well in calculating the contribution of influencing factors on household CO2 emissions and analyzing the options for CO2 emission mitigation; (2) the increase in income is the dominant driving force of household CO2 emissions, and as a result of the improved standard of living in China a sustained increase in household CO2 emissions can be expected; (3) with decreasing energy intensity, CO2 emissions will decrease to 404.26 Mt-CO2 in 2020, which is 9.84% lower than the emissions in 2014; (4) the reduction potential by developing non-fossil energy sources is limited, and raising the rate of urbanization cannot reduce the household CO2 emission under the comprehensive influence of other factors.
Global Ecological Signpost, Local Reality: The Moraballi Creek Studies in Guyana and What Happened Afterwards
Authors: Bulkan Janette , Palmer John
Published: December 2016

There is a common assumption that when sustainable forest management (SFM) is not practised the reasons are usually a lack of knowledge or lack of training in applying those techniques. We trace the intermittent development of techniques for SFM in the tropical rainforest of Guyana (South America), beginning with the classical observational ecology at Moraballi Creek in 1929. We reference the deliberate lack of application of SFM in spite of access to science-based information and repeated training. In this country, a precarious political democracy is destabilised by the gigantic profits from illegal logging and log trading which support corruption in the sector and generally across regulatory systems. The highest rate of graduate emigration in the world contributes to the difficulty of creating the core of moral leadership required to rise above the local tradition of under-the-table negotiation in place of the rule of law.
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Nokoué Lake in Benin
Authors: Zandagba Josué , Moussa Mahmoud , Obada Ezéchiel , Afouda Abel
Published: December 2016

Nokoué Lake is a complex ecosystem, the understanding of which requires control of physical processes that have occurred. For this, the Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) hydrodynamic model was calibrated and validated on the water depth data. The results of these simulations show a good match between the simulated and observed data for bottom roughness and turbulent exchange coefficients, of 0.02 m−1/3·s and 20 m2/s respectively. Once the ability of the model to simulate the hydrodynamics of the lake is testified, the model is used to simulate water surface elevation, exchanged flows and velocities. The simulation shows that the tidal amplitude is maximum at the inlet of the channel and decreases gradually from the inlet towards the lagoon’s main body. The propagation of the tidal wave is characterized by the dephasing and the flattening of the amplitude tide, which increases as we move away from the channel. This dephasing is characterized by a high and low tides delay of about 1 or 4 h and also depends on the tide amplitude and location. The velocities inside the lake are very low and do not exceed 0.03 m/s. The highest are obtained at the entrance of the channel. In a flood period, in contrast with the low-water period, incoming flows are higher than outflows, reinforced by the amplitude of the tide. An average renewal time of the lake has been estimated and corresponds during a flood period to 30 days for an average amplitude tide and 26.3 days on a high amplitude tide. In a low water period it is 40.2 days for an average amplitude tide and 30 days for a high amplitude tide. From the results obtained, several measures must be taken into account for the rational management of the lake water resources. These include a dam construction at the lake upstream, to control the river flows, and the dredging of the channel to facilitate exchanges with the sea.