bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIENCIAS CORPORALES EN LAS RELACIONES DE CUIDADO EN UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA
Authors: Cordeiro Franciele Roberta , Vestena Zillmer Juliana Graciela , Borges Luiz Marina , Kmentt da Silva Nataniele , Da Cruz Campelo Helena
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: analizar las experiencias corporales en las relaciones de cuidado en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: revisión integradora realizada las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCOPUS, LILACS y CINAHL, en las que se recuperaron 13 artículos. Los resultados fueron analizados de forma descriptiva y organizados en categorías temáticas, conforme a la similitud de los contenidos, a partir de conceptos de la Antropología del Cuerpo.  Resultados: Se construyeron dos categorías: "El cuerpo en las relaciones de cuidado" y "Las experiencias corporales mediadas por la tecnología". En ellas se discutió cómo las experiencias corporales en la UCI están mediadas por las tecnologías, especialmente aquellas denominadas "duras", representadas por dispositivos, máquinas y medicamentos. Interfieren en la interacción del cuerpo de la persona con usted, con los demás y con el entorno. Las experiencias corporales en la UCI transforman el cuerpo activo y reflexivo en un cuerpo desnudo, reducido, limitado y expuesto a medida que el nivel de conciencia se reduce. De esa forma, los significados de la corporeidad en las relaciones de cuidado en UCI se constituyen a partir de la comprensión del cuerpo como una superficie de inscripción de las prácticas y técnicas de los profesionales de salud en el transcurso del tiempo de hospitalización. Conclusiones: el cuerpo de la persona hospitalizada en UCI es significado a través de la pasividad y de la aceptabilidad. La sensibilidad carece de espacio, pero se evidenciaron movimientos de reflexión y hacia las acciones posibles para humanizar el cuidado en la UCI.
Heidi Hikâye Kitabında Yer Alan Coğrafi Kavramların Belirlenmesi
Authors: TURAN Büşra Nur , ASAL ÖZKAN Rabia , DİKMENLİ Yurdal
Published: June 2022

Coğrafya; zaman, mekân, insan gibi unsurları inceleyen ve bu unsurlar arasındaki ilişkilere ilişkin açıklamalar ya da tanımlamalar yapan, aralarındaki ilişkileri neden sonuç bağlamında değerlendiren ve çözümler sunan bir bilim dalıdır. Diğer bütün disiplinlerde olduğu gibi coğrafyanın temelini de kavramlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bireylerin yaşadıkları çevreyi yakından uzağa doğru tanımaları, farklı yaşam şekillerini ve kültürlerini anlamaları coğrafya konularını ve coğrafyaya ilişkin kavramları öğrenmeleri ile mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın amacı Heidi hikâye kitabında geçen coğrafi kavramlar ile bu kavramların kategorilerini belirlemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri kaynağı olarak Johanna Spyri tarafından yazılan Sevgi Sonkan tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Heidi hikâye kitabı kullanılmıştır. Veri kaynağı belirlenirken hikâye kitabının ilkokul öğrencilerinin gelişim düzeylerine uygun olması ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından belirlenen 100 Temel Eser içinde olması göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda Heidi hikâye kitabında Heidi hikâye kitabında 41 coğrafi kavramın yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu kavramların 29’u fiziki coğrafya, 8’i beşerî ve ekonomik coğrafya alanında ve 4’ü de genel coğrafya alanında yer almaktadır. Heidi hikâye kitabında tespit edilen coğrafi kavramların genel olarak fiziki coğrafya kategorisinde yer alması hikâyenin geçtiği mekânın dağlar ve yaylalar olması ve bu mekânların betimlenmesi ile açıklanabilir. Çalışma sonucunda coğrafya konularının öğretiminde kavram öğretim sürecini destekleyecek nitelikte kitapları seçilerek öğrencilerin kavramları öğrenmeleri desteklenmesi önerilebilir.
Research on the Effect of International Experience and Market Distance on the Market Entry Order of Enterprises
Authors: Li Yaxin , Lai Jianhua
Published: June 2022

With the continuous advancement of China's "going out" strategy and remarkable achievements in foreign direct investment, China has become one of the world's most active and influential sources of foreign direct investment. Chinese enterprises have accumulated rich and valuable experience in the past decades. In this process, there are a lot of continuous FDI behaviors, and the previous investment behaviors will have an important impact on the subsequent investment decisions. How do continuous investments prioritize market entry? Existing studies do not pay attention to the correlation between successive expansion behaviors, and there are some gaps in the research on the order of international market entry of enterprises. From a dynamic perspective, this paper adopts the data from the List of Overseas Investment Enterprises (Institutions) issued by the Ministry of Commerce of China from 1983 to 2015, and based on the ordered Probit model, takes the continuous investment behavior of Chinese enterprises as the research object, and conducts the following research: The empirical study on the impact of market distance, which is composed of geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance, on the entry order of Chinese enterprises in international market. The empirical results show that: Geographical distance, cultural distance and institutional distance have a significant effect on the order of market entry. Chinese firms have the priority to enter the markets with small geographical distance and cultural distance, but the markets with large institutional distance.
Research on the Influence of FTZ Policy on Regional Economy
Authors: Wang Sifei
Published: June 2022

China's free trade zone has achieved relatively mature development, showing a trend of extending from the east to the West. Current studies generally believe that the early establishment of the free trade zone will have a positive impact on the near area, so what about the establishment of the third inland free trade zone? In order to study its economic impact, this paper uses DID method to select the annual panel data of Chinese provinces, cities and autonomous regions from 2006 to 2018, from economic growth, foreign trade and freight volume, etc. This paper evaluates the economic effects of three free trade zones in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, namely, Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei. According to the functional orientation of the three FTZ, the mechanism of the three FTZ is analyzed qualitatively. In terms of quantitative research, this paper uses the double difference method to analyze the differences in economy, trade and freight volume after the establishment of the free trade zone by analyzing the coefficients of policy variables and their significance. A robustness test was carried out on the impact of the post-policy implementation on the regional economy and foreign trade, and it was concluded that the three provinces had a positive impact on the regional economy and trade. Finally, relevant development suggestions are put forward.
Federal Reserve's Monetary Policy and Its Impact on China's Economic Development
Authors: Liu Rui , Yin Yingzhu
Published: June 2022

The global financial crisis in 2008 caused great trauma to the economy and financial markets all over the world. Following the onset of the financial crisis, the monetary authorities of various nations implemented a range of monetary policies to deal with the crisis's negative impact on the real economy. The United States, as the world's largest country, the implementation of the Fed's monetary policy has a significant impact not only on its own macro-economy, but also on the world macro-economy. Following the onset of the financial crisis in 2008, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of monetary policy operations, including lowering the federal fund interest rate and the money market re-discount interest rate, to address the financial crisis' impact on the domestic economy of the United States. Unconventional monetary policy mainly includes reducing the federal funds rate to the zero range boundary. Based on previous studies, this paper finds that the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve mainly affect other countries' economies through four channels: asset price, exchange rate, interest rate and credit. At the same time, in view of the negative spillover effects brought by the Federal Reserve, China should adopt proactive financial policies to resist risks.
Research on the Application of Computer Big Data Technology in the Visual Communication Design of Urban Construction
Authors: Yu Ying , Yu Dantong
Published: June 2022

This article uses computer big data modelling technology to control urban construction. Use geometric model construction, texture feature extraction and real model construction to realize 3D modelling of virtual city environment scenes. At the same time, we use three-dimensional sound modelling to analyse and summarize the information data of the architectural graphic design, complete the construction of the building information model, and conduct a series of mining and management of the building information data. This describes its basic situation and attributes to optimize the data structure. The experimental results show that the digital plane pigment types of urban construction under visual communication are about 30 kinds higher than the pigment types of traditional graphic design on average. This verifies the effectiveness of the digital graphic design of architectural modelling under visual communication.
Research on the Application of Computer Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Production of Film Digital Media Animation
Authors: Liu Jingyu
Published: June 2022

Once the frame-by-frame shooting as the main body of animation, it has gradually become invalid under the background of modern computer digital technology. Animation and film have no boundaries, but the fact is the opposite. Animation, a special communication medium, is in the current pan-media era. Its independence has become increasingly prominent. This article mainly combs the animation and film production technology, visual shock, visual and psychological perspectives, analyzes the reasons for the failure of frame-by-frame shooting, and discusses animation from the impact of the different shock experience and the exaggeration of deformation on the viewer's visual psychology. An important boundary with the movie.
An Artificial Intelligence Conversational Chatbot Developed for Non-Native English Speakers
Authors: Li Pengcheng
Published: June 2022

As common knowledge would dictate, the best way to learn a language is to talk with native speakers of said language. However, it may not be the easiest for non-fluent, non-native speakers of languages such as English to find native English speakers to converse with. This paper proposes a conversational chatbot that would help non-native speakers to converse with artificial intelligence with equal, if not greater, fluency compared with a native English speaker.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Material Testing
Authors: Shi Tianyi , Huang Wei , Zhang Man , Wu Jingyue
Published: June 2022

Under the development of artificial intelligence technology, the technical level of machine learning and machine vision has been significantly improved. For testing, machine vision can input the characteristics of the inspected object into the computer, while machine learning ability enables the computer to better analyze the characteristics of the inspected object and make the testing conclusion. Compared with traditional testing methods, this process has the characteristics of high accuracy and high speed, and its excellent performance can be used in all aspects of material testing.
Preface: 5th International Conference on Computer Engineering, Information Science & Application Technology (ICCIA 2022)
Authors: Ma Zhenliang , Kam Fanny
Published: June 2022

The organizing Committee of ICCIA 2022 was proud to present the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Engineering, Information Science & Application Technology (ICCIA 2022: http://www.ciaconf.org/), held on April 16-17, 2022 in Hong Kong, China.

The aim of ICCIA 2022 is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians, as well as industrial professionals, to present their research results and development activities in computer engineering, information science, application technology. It provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. We hope that the conference results will lead to significant contributions to the knowledge in these up-to-date scientific fields. This two day conference is being organized in technical association with Asian Union of Information Technology, Research Center of Engineering and Science, and will include invited keynote talks and oral paper presentations from both academia and industry to ignite our young minds, to initiate them in the field of meaningful research and thereby enrich their existing knowledge.

ICCIA 2022 has received 192 manuscripts. And less than 100 articles were accepted by our reviewers and the press. By submitting a paper to this 5th ICCIA, the authors agree to the review process and understand that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts will be reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who will give detailed comments and-if the submission gets accepted-the authors submit a revised version that takes into account this feedback. All papers are reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declare their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers do not know each other's identities, nor do the authors receive information about who has reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of the 5th ICCIA invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

With our warmest regards,

Zhenliang Ma, Fanny Kam

Conference Organizing Committees
A Multi-path Nonoverlapping Routing Algorithm for Deterministic Networking
Authors: Shao Jiwang , Wei Gengyu , Dong Shenghua
Published: June 2022

Deterministic Networking (DetNet) is a new network architecture proposed by IETF DetNet working group for industrial Internet of Things and other application scenarios. Its communication service with high reliability and low delay needs multi-path nonoverlapping routing algorithm. Because it is different from existing routing algorithms on the Internet, it is an important subject to study routing algorithms that meet requirements of DetNet. Based on routing characteristics of DetNet, we studied a multi-routing algorithm - Bhandari algorithm. Aiming at the problem that the algorithm cannot calculate nonoverlapping routes in some cases, we improve the algorithm, then we also make the improved algorithm more efficient by introducing Tarjan algorithm. The improved algorithm is verified and tested in the simulation environment and results show the effectiveness of the improved algorithm.
A Network Traffic Analysis System based on Big Data
Authors: Yi Changhua , Ke Lixin
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of network technology, network applications are becoming more and more popular. In order to ensure the availability of network and the stable operation of key business, the methodology of network traffic analysis appeared accordingly. Compared with the normal non-big data traffic analysis, using big data for traffic analysis and monitoring can solve the problems of single data source, difficulty in chart expansion horizontally and chart customization, etc. Based on big data technology to build a unified platform on traffic analysis and monitoring, it is able to integrate with the network analysis of data and other dimensions of the associated monitoring information to achieve efficient service on fault warning and navigating location.
Research on Application of Computer Big Data Technology in Real-time Monitoring System of Bridge Structure Safety
Authors: Wang Lianfa , Zhang Yufeng , Cheng Yu , Xu Yichao , Peng Jiayi
Published: June 2022

The bridge structure safety real-time monitoring system based on big data evaluates the bridge safety status and real-time warning under the comprehensive consideration of various factors that affect the service performance of the bridge. The system platform uses a distributed file system with high fault tolerance and a parallel data processing engine with high computational efficiency. It has high reliability, availability and storage efficiency, and is easy to expand. Furthermore, the multi-factor analysis method is used to fully explore the implicit correlation between the real-time data of the various sensors of the bridge, and the bridge service performance evaluation model is accurately established by analysing the data correlation, and real-time warning of the bridge safety status is given. In addition, the system platform uses a variety of model verification methods to evaluate the effectiveness of the model to ensure the reliability of the big data analysis method.
Study on Timing Characteristic of Saxon Bowl and Prediction of Sinking Time
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Huang Junwei , Xie Zhuoxuan , Zhao Haojie , Xu Chenkun , Chi Jing , Zhang Yaofang
Published: June 2022

There have been many water clocks in history and the Saxons used bowl with a hole in its base is one of them. When the bowl is put into water, it will sink slowly. This paper mainly studies series factors that affect the time bowl sinks, water filling rate and how the bowl measures time by establishing a theoretical model, calculating an approximate expression of water filling rate and using ordinary differential equation group for numerical simulation. The effects of aperture of the orifice, weight of the bowl, external height of the bowl on the sinking time were investigated. The innovation of this paper is to find the depth of water inside the bowl can be used as a timekeeping criterion.
Research on software system development and practical application based on SpringBoot + Vue
Authors: He Yaqi , Zhang Haobo , Liu Hongle , Shi Xiaoyan , Xue Qi , Hu Lina
Published: June 2022

This system completes the design and development of student internship and training system through several steps: development environment construction, database design, system design and development. The system adopts SpringBoot + Vue which is a front and rear end separation architecture, and the database system adopts MySQL 5 7. The security framework adopts Shiro framework for system development. For the system development, this paper expounds the process of system development and how to realize the system function through the code, gives the implementation code of some port functions, and expounds the front-end page design, program design architecture and the real and modern code of data security verification in the process of system development. The front and rear end separation mode not only shortens the system development time, but also enables the front and rear end personnel to give full play to their own advantages and develop beautiful high-performance systems.
Research on Mathematical Model of Well-off Society Construction and Sustainable Development
Authors: Sun Huiting , Wang Ying
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 in 2020 alerts us that how to properly respond to emergencies, how to better maintain economic vitality, and how to achieve sustainable social and economic development are an important guarantee for a country's enduring prosperity. This paper first reviews the development of the past 20 years, evaluates the overall construction of index stratification and correlation analysis. Through fuzzy clustering and main component analysis, we classify and evaluate the construction of provinces by MATLAB. Then, based on the long-term sustainable development of countries and provinces, this paper establishes a multi-objective planning model to seek the optimal economic development strategy, at the same time, we creatively consider the impact of emergencies such as COVID-19 to revise the model. This paper introduces mathematical models into social-economic research, which are rigorous and scientific, and have strong reference value for the social development and construction of China.
Level-specific Perioperative and Clinical Outcome Comparison: Cervical Disk Replacement Versus Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion at C5-C6 in Patients With Myeloradiculopathy
Authors: Jacob Kevin C. , Patel Madhav R. , Parsons Alexander W. , Prabhu Michael C. , Ribot Max A. , Pawlowski Hanna , Vanjani Nisheka N. , Singh Kern
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

This study compares perioperative and postoperative clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disk replacement (CDR) at C5-C6 in patients with myeloradiculopathy.

Methods:

Primary, elective, single-level CDR or ACDF procedures at C5-C6 for patients with myeloradiculopathy were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) included visual analog scale (VAS) neck, VAS arm, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), and Short-Form 12-Item Physical Composite Score (SF-12 PCS) collected at preoperative/6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year time points. Surgical cohorts were assessed for differences in demographics/perioperative characteristics using the chi square test and unpaired Student t-test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was determined by comparing ΔPROMs with established thresholds. Outcome measures were compared at postoperative time points with the Student t-test, and improvement from preoperative baseline was assessed with a paired sample t-test.

Results:

One hundred thirty-seven patients were included, 43 CDR and 94 ACDF. CDR patients demonstrated significantly reduced surgical times (46.3 versus 55.1 minutes), estimated blood loss (24.4 versus 43.6 mL), revision surgery rates (0.0% versus 5.3%), postoperative length of stay (8.9 versus 23.0 hours), and postoperative narcotic consumption (P < 0.017, all). Complication rates and mean PROMs did not differ between cohorts. The CDR cohort markedly improved from baseline for all PROMs postoperatively except SF-12 PCS/PROMIS-PF at 6 weeks. The ACDF cohort markedly improved at each time point except VAS arm at 1 year, NDI at 6 weeks/1 year, and SF-12 PCS/PROMIS-PF at 6 weeks. A majority of both cohorts achieved overall MCID for VAS neck/NDI/PROMIS-PF. MCID achievement rates did not differ except NDI at 12 weeks/1 year and SF-12 PCS at 6 months, both favoring CDR.

Discussion:

Both procedural cohorts demonstrated similar long-term clinical outcomes for arm/neck pain and physical function; however, patients undergoing CDR at C5-C6 demonstrated an improved ability to maintain 1-year postoperative progress for neck disability with improved 1-year NDI MCID achievement. The CDR cohort, in addition, demonstrated an improved perioperative profile and reduced rate of revision surgery.
It’s time: Leveraging the GDPR to shift the balance towards research-friendly EU data spaces
Authors: Comandé Giovanni , Schneider Giulia
Published: June 2022

A differentiation of research-based data protection regimes is proposed in light of the distinction between merely for profit and public interest-oriented research. This would support a differentiated level of data subjects’ control prerogatives and data controllers’ mobilization ease. The article demonstrates how the existence of differential data protection regimes in EU data protection law has a corresponding differentiated impact enabling data sharing practices of personal data and in particular of special categories of data. Differentiated data protection regimes impact differently on contractual freedom to share and aggregate personal data, which is the primary pillar of the creation of “common data spaces” under the latest European strategy for data and under the Data Governance Act.
Impact of the European Union’s Seed Legislation and Intellectual Property Rights on Crop Diversity
Authors: Mévius Joséphine de
Published: June 2022

Crop diversity results from farmers’ selection and exchange of seeds. The crop diversity erosion observed over the last century can be attributed to the transition from traditional to industrial farming practices. Farmers’ seed varieties have been replaced by a few privately owned, high-yielding varieties. The resulting uniformity is jeopardizing food security, further exacerbated by climate change. Both the international framework and the EU legislation perpetuate the root cause of crop diversity erosion. The EU only authorizes on the internal market varieties that are distinct, uniform, stable, and of ‘satisfactory value for cultivation and use’. Non-complying seeds, meaning traditional heterogeneous varieties, are banned. Furthermore, the few authorized varieties are open to privatization through either a Community Plant Variety Right or patents on biotechnological inventions. The exchange, access, and use of these seeds are strictly restricted. Although the EU provides derogations in certain cases, the legal space created is too narrow to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA).

seed, plant reproductive material, intellectual property, commons, agriculture, food security, EU.
Data Protection Compliance Organizations (DPCO) Under the NDPR, and Monitoring Bodies Under the GDPR: Two Sides of the Same Compliance Coin?
Authors: Babalola Olumide
Published: June 2022

The European Union (EU) Data Protection Directive (DPD) was repealed for its failure to achieve the anticipated level of regulatory compliance thereby paving the way for General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which came with a number of novelties including the introduction of monitoring bodies (MBs) as another layer of compliance enforcement with provisions of the GDPR through sector-specific codes of conduct (CoC). While the DPD also had a provision on CoC, it was bereft of its enforcement mechanism, success indicators and workability, hence the introduction of MBs as an additional player in the GDPR-enforcement ecosystem to ensure compliance with the CoC on the one hand and sanction violations on the other. Conversely, on the other side of the Mediterranean Sea, Nigeria issued its own version of the GDPR as ‘Nigeria Data Protection Regulation’ (NDPR) and introduced its own peculiar MB styled ‘Data Protection Compliance Organization’ (DPCO) to, interestingly, on behalf of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) ensure and monitor compliance with the NDPR and at the same time forge a fiduciary relationship with the controllers as their paid auditors. This article places the European concept of MBs and Nigerian novelty of DPCOs side by side while examining the relationship between the two similar yet asymmetric concepts. The article analyses the varying issues surrounding the nature, appointment or creation, powers, and functionalities of MBs and DPCOs under the European and Nigerian regulations.

Nigeria, Nigeria Data Protection Regulation, NDPR, National Information Technology Development Agency, NITDA, Data Protection Compliance Organization, DPCO
The Low Use by Firms of ASEAN Trade Preferences: Will RCEP Follow the Same Destiny? An Agenda for Rescue to Reform Rules of Origin in the Asian and Pacific Region
Authors: Inama Stefano , Crivelli Pramila , Manh Ha Phan
Published: June 2022

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) rules of origin (RoO) evolved from the original inception in early ’90 to the later formulation in the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) in 2009. Even after the completion of ATIGA, RoO reform has remained high in the agenda of ASEAN Economic Community resulting in more than thirty years of efforts to improve RoO. In spite of repeated research findings of low utilization rates of ASEAN trade preferences by firms, the ASEAN negotiating machinery has been unable to address the main cause of such low utilization, i.e., the shortcomings of ASEAN RoO and their cumbersome administration by ASEAN Member States

The region has recently embarked in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) that has been branded as a solution to the panoply of proliferating sets of RoO existing in Asia and the Pacific. Yet recent research and findings from firms indicated that RCEP has inherited many of the shortcomings of ASEAN rules of origin. An ASEAN Secretariat study of 2021 shows an average utilization rate of ATIGA trade preferences of 50%. This does not bode well for RCEP, unless action is undertaken.

This article argues that it is time that Governments of Asia and the Pacific region act on an overdue reform of rules of origin to create a stable and predictable trade facilitating environment.

rules of origin, regional trade agreements, trade preferences, utilization rates, ASEAN regional integration
Mobilizing for Recognition: Indie Unions, Migrant Workers, and Strategic Equality Act Litigation
Authors: Dias-Abey Manoj
Published: June 2022

Drawing on a broad repertoire of action, including strategic litigation, several new activist unions have appeared that seek to represent the multiracial working class of contemporary Britain. Although the court cases that have drawn the most attention are those that challenge the misclassification of employees or ‘workers’ as ‘self-employed’, another dimension of these unions’ strategic litigation has been the utilization of the Equality Act 2010 (Equality Act) to allege racial discrimination. The contention advanced in this article is that it might be possible to read unions’ increasing use of the Equality Act as instances of them pursuing a politics of recognition. For those of us interested in analysing and assessing the strategies of unions in respect of their multiracial membership, the critical question is why and how race discrimination claims may act to boost indie unions’ efforts to organize diverse workplaces. Drawing on Nancy Fraser’s work that asserts a politics of recognition can contribute to a politics of redistribution, this article proposes that recognition claims may be advancing the broader goals of labour organizing by building a worker subjectivity poised for action, and a collective identity undergirded by respect, mutual understanding, and solidarity.

Discrimination, Migrant Workers, Legal Mobilization, Recognition, Organizing
Failing to Succeed? The Cambridge School and the Economic Case for the Minimum Wage
Authors: Deakin Simon
Published: June 2022

The case of the British minimum wage illustrates the interplay of ideas and interests in the making of labour legislation. In the 1980s, the pragmatic and data-driven approach of the Cambridge School, associated with the Department of Applied Economics (DAE), advanced a case for the minimum wage which combined fairness and efficiency justifications. Through collaboration with trade unions and think tanks, the argument was mobilized into an activistled campaign which changed political perceptions of the minimum wage. During the 1990s the campaign looked to have failed, as a more conventional economics informed the passage of the National Minimum Wage Act 1998. In the long run, however, the case made by the Cambridge School has endured, to inform today’s global movement for a living wage.

Cambridge School, Department of Applied Economics, National Minimum Wage Act, National Living Wage, Low Pay Commission
Latin America Isn’t ‘Going South’: A Qualitative Sampling Analysis
Authors: Mereminskaya Elina
Published: June 2022

This article analyses a qualitative sample of recent judicial decisions from Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, the Dominican Republic, Mexico and Peru. Almost all decisions in the sample show ordinary courts’ deference towards arbitration. As long as the courts operate within the framework established by the UNCITRAL Model Law or the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, arbitral awards enjoy a high level of autonomy and protection against unjustified attacks. This allows for conclusion that Latin America isn’t ‘Going South’ on its path into global arbitration realm.

At the same time, in almost all jurisdictions included in the sample, Constitutional courts and Tribunals and constitutional actions for protection of fundamental rights play an extremely – indeed excessively – relevant role. Admittedly, these constitutional actions have been mainly unsuccessful and have not led to amendments of arbitral awards. Nonetheless, its sole availability generates legal uncertainty and undermines the reliability of arbitration as a mechanism of dispute resolution. It seems to be the last hurdle that Latin American countries will have to overcome before they are considered safe and appealing seats for international arbitration.

Arbitration, Latin America, setting aside, recognition and enforcement, amparo, constitutionalization of arbitration
Online Personal Data Protection and Data Flows Under the RCEP: A Nostalgic New Start?
Authors: Wang Xin
Published: June 2022

This article analyses the institutional designs of online personal data protection, location of computing facilities and cross-border data flows (hereinafter referred to as ‘data-related issues’) in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the free trade agreements (FTAs) concluded between/among the RCEP Parties (hereinafter referred to as ‘inner-FTAs’). Varied institutional designs of the RCEP’s inner-FTAs suggest that uneven liberalization of data flows and regulatory fragmentation are prominent among the parties, but the inner-FTAs are still rooted in the conventional rationale of embedded liberalization. Comparatively, the RCEP’s institutional design concerning data-related issues diverts from the conventional rationale by formally harmonizing its heterogeneous inner-FTAs: the RCEP partially assimilates its inner-FTAs while making some innovations referring to some old elements of the multilateral trading system. In substance, the RCEP allows the Parties to have more autonomy to cultivate consensus and re-adjust the regional legal order as it reasserts the dominance of domestic regulation. The RCEP may head for two directions: it may either complement the multilateral trading system or grow into a novel regional legal order. The destination largely depends on whether the Parties can reach consensus. During the transitional period, soft law and non-state actors will play important roles in bridging the regulatory divide under the shadow of domestic regulation.

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), free trade agreements, institution, institutional design, online personal data protection, cross-border data flows, data localization, soft law, non-state actor, new legal order
Cultural Capture of Competition Policy: Exploring the Risk in the US and the EU
Authors: Broulík Jan
Published: June 2022

This article explores whether there is a risk that competition policy on both sides of the Atlantic could be distorted by cultural capture. This type of capture differs from traditional regulatory capture operating through self-interest of public officials. It instead arises when policy-relevant views of the officials are subject to disproportionate social influence exerted by representatives of the private sector. The question here is hence whether social interactions enabling this influence take place between competition officials and practitioners. The article answers in the affirmative, finding that many competition officials seem to self-identify with a community dominated by competition practitioners, hold the practitioners in high regard, and have interpersonal relationships with the practitioners. These risk factors are especially pronounced in the United States. There is thus a possibility that competition policy could be designed and enforced in a way that furthers interests of big business to the detriment of consumers and small businesses. The article also discusses preventive measures to limit cultural capture of competition policy such as promotion of diversity and reduction of revolving door, cautioning nevertheless that difficult trade-offs may need to be made in their implementation.

agency independence, anti-interventionism, competition community, competition policy, cultural capture, Antitrust Division, DG Competition, Bureau of Competition, regulatory capture, revolving door, social influence
The European Commission’s Handling of Non-priority Antitrust Complaints: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Van Rompuy Ben
Published: June 2022

The Union legislature and courts leave the European Commission a wide discretion in dealing with antitrust complaints submitted to it. The principal external constraint is that if the Commission chooses not to pursue a formal complaint, it must reject it by means of a reasoned decision, which may be subject to judicial review. But the Commission’s administrative discretion is primarily structured and confined by self-imposed rules and principles. Most of these were introduced or formalized when Regulation 1/2003 was adopted and were intended to incentivize complainants to inform the Commission about potential infringements of the EU antitrust rules.

This article maps the precise boundaries of the Commission’s discretion to shelve non-priority antitrust complaints and subsequently examines how the Commission operates within that discretionary space. The empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset of all the rejection decisions the Commission adopted between 2009 and 2021, many of which were uncovered and obtained through access to documents requests. It reveals certain discrepancies between the stated rules and principles governing its treatment of complaints and their implementation in practice, which have the clear potential to undermine the incentives the current complaint handling system sought to create for the filing of formal complaints.

antitrust, European Commission, complaints, complainant, prioritization, rejection, enforcement, discretion, priority setting
Impulse Noise Removal Using Soft-computing
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab Khushi
Published: June 2022

Image restoration has become a powerful domain now a days. In numerous real life applications Image restoration is important field because where image quality matters it existed like astronomical imaging, defense application, medical imaging and security systems. In real life applications normally image quality disturbed due to image acquisition problems like satellite system images cannot get statically as source and object both moving so noise occurring. Image restoration process involves to deal with that corrupted image. Degradation model used to train filtering techniques for both detection and removal of noise phase. This degeneration is usually the result of excess scar or noise. Standard impulse noise injection techniques are used for standard images. Early noise removal techniques perform better for simple kind of noise but have some deficiencies somewhere in sense of detection or removal process, so our focus is on soft computing techniques non classic algorithmic approach and using (ANN) artificial neural networks. These Fuzzy rules-based techniques performs better than traditional filtering techniques in sense of edge preservation.
The Effect of College Students’ affective learning behavior and depression due to their academic adjustment during COVID-19: Meditating effect of depression
Authors:   Liberal Arts Innovation Center, Kim Jin Young
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of college students depression and affective learning behavior to their academic adjustment during COVID-19. The subjects were 1421 students in A university. Instruments used in this study were: 1) Affective Learning Behavior Scale 2) Depression Scale and 3) Academic adjustment Scale.
Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show that college students affective learning behavior and depression were related to their academic adjustment during COVID-19. Regression analysis indicate that college student’s affective learning behavior and depression is the predictor of variance in student’s academic adjustment. Also students’ depression has a mediation effect between college students’ affective learning behavior and academic adjustment.
Strategic Usage and Lexicalization in Vocative Postposition ‘a/ya’: Focused on Kinship Terms of Address Combined Form
Authors:   Liberal Arts Innovation Center, Lee Yumi
Published: June 2022

Address terms are not only a mean of revealing social relationships, but also a strategic sign indicating the speaker’s mind or attitude. Original function of ‘a/ya’ as a vocative postposition is to make the previous words into a term of address. However, it was confirmed that speakers use kinship terms of address combined with ‘a/ya’ for solidarity form as a result of considering the discourse text that is actually spoken.
Kinship terms of address combined with ‘a/ya’ that lost function of vocative is recognized as a unit. It was originally a spoken sentence structure, but it changed into a noun after univerbation, categorical change, and semantic change. This paper described lexicalization that changed structure: including ‘a/ya’ into noun.
A Study on the Inaugural Address of the President of Korea: Focusing on feature values in Textmining
Authors:   Liberal Arts Innovation Center, Joe Yong Lim
Published: June 2022

Unlike artificial languages, natural languages are difficult for computers to process directly. Therefore, it is necessary to process it as structured data. In the end, by giving weight to the sample text, the frequency of appearance in the document was weighted.
The inaugural address data was entered through information filtering of text mining, and it was possible to obtain the result of the characteristic value according to the relation to the main word.
This study analyzed the vocabulary of the inaugural speeches of past presidents of the Republic of Korea. After refining words through morpheme analysis, we found vocabulary frequency and characteristic values, and the data was visualized in wordcloud. This study did not perform a fragmentary analysis of the existing lexical analysis. This study presented feature values and word clouds. Therefore, it was possible to extract objective keywords representing the characteristics of the keywords.
Distribution of educational services in primary schools grades 7-9 in Kalar
Authors: Muhamad Ali Namdar , Hamid Muhamad Shad
Published: June 2022

Investigating the distribution of place for teaching services is one of the crucial issues that has been given a due attention by the researchers. It seeks to find out the way valleys are distributed on a city level and the extent to which the population get benefit from the service. Since it is a pivotal issue, the current research intended to study the distribution and the ability level of the teaching services in Basic schools including grades )٧-٩( in Kalar city. This is due to the fact that, this stage has a great influence on the students’ life and their personality development and embraces an important stage of their age which is )١٢-١٤(. The duration of study in this stage is three years and later the students step into High school stage. This study relied on the data and information about places from the General Directorate of Education of Garmian in )٢٠١٩-٢٠٢٠(. To reach the aims of the study, descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis were used along with the help of GPS tool to identify the location of schools. In addition, Geographic Information System was used as a new technique in the field of research based on services and data analysis through the use of the related hypotheses of the research and forming subjective maps. Furthuremore, to know the extent to which this stage is reliable the current research depended on some local scales and it was found that except for population scale it was quite suitable for othe numerical and humanistic scales. In terms of distribution of the valleys on the city level the distribution is imbalanced. Thus, it calls for revision by the authority in charge so that the population of the valleys of the city get benefit from this stage of study.
Model-based meta-analysis in drug and device development and the added value of data sharing
Authors: Muka Taulant
Published: June 2022

Meta-analysis, the highest level of evidence, is a statistical analysis that includes a mathematical combination of the results from different studies. Meta-analysis can be a subset of systematic review or the pooling of results from individual patient data (IPD). The number of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses has grown exponentially in recent years: a search in PubMed showed that around 1,600 systematic review and meta-analysis publications were indexed in 2000 compared to over 35,000 in 2020. And this upward trend is projected to continue. With the new regulatory landscape making the development and maintenance of clinical evaluation reports (CERs) a priority for drug and device manufacturers, methodologically sound meta-analysis will be key to guiding strategic drug and device development decisions.
Review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant Calendula officinalis Linn
Authors: Dhingra Garima , Dhakad Prashant , Tanwar Sonia
Published: June 2022

Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called as Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti–hyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastro-intestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.
Ureteral Injury during Lumbar Laminectomy: A rare occurrence
Authors:   Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Farouk Khalid
Published: June 2022

During spinal surgery injury to ureters is a rare complication with only few cases has been reported in literature. We come across a case of un-recognized iatrogenic during lumbar laminectomy. The injury went unrecognized initially and was discovered fifteen days later when the patient presented in surgery ER with atypical symptoms of severe right iliac fossa and flank pain. The symptoms were not attributable to any disease pertaining to the respective specialty. In this case report we have highlighted a rare complication which encountered during lumber spine laminectomy, with literature review to give comprehensive information’s to the surgeons and patients regarding this complication and its management approaches. Keywords: Ureter, Injury, Lumber laminectomy, Clinical presentation, Diagnosis, Management