bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF GOVERNANCE UNDER THE 2004 CONSTITUTION OF AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Noori Mojaddadi Noorullah , Sayed Muaaz
Published: April 2023

The first republic in Afghanistan was established by Sardar mohammad Daood Khan in 1973 and the second was established after 2001 under the Bonn Agreement. According to the Agreement the first will establish an interim government and after it a transitional government. Transitional administration had the task of drafting a constitution and to Facilitate presidential elections.The republic until 2021, ruled by two presidents, Hamid Karzai and Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, and collapsed with the re-establishment of the Islamic Emirate. This study discusses the nature of the form of government in accordance with the constitution and what problems it had.The significance of this study lies in the fact that the government in light of the "Constitution" in Afghanistan has identified shortcomings that have made governance controversial. Identifying these shortcomings can help create a system in the future that is capable of doing good governance.

The methodology is qualitative in nature and secondary sources have been used and examined. The secondary source includes Books, Laws, Magazines, Journals and Newspapers etc.

Finally achieved that the government in Afghanistan through 2004 constitution was centralized in which local government had the role of Implementer of plans which would be created by the central administrations.  The separation of powers and balance was overshadowed by a powerful executive branch.Relatively weak parliament and increased control of the executive branch on judiciary were some of the issues that plagued governance and caused constant controversy between the government and parliament.
IOT Based Smart Cart System
Authors: J Yuvaraj , R Gokulnithi , V S Varshan , M Buvana
Published: April 2023

Object detection is a widely studied area of computer vision that has seen significant improvements over the years. However, most of the existing methods rely on high-end GPUs or specialized hardware, making them impractical for real-time detection on mobile devices. In this paper, we present a novel approach to object detection using a mobile camera. Our method utilizes a light weight convolutional neural network architecture and employs transfer learning to achieve high accuracy while keeping computational complexity low. We evaluate our method on a dataset of common objects and achieve a mean average precision (mAP) of 0.85. We also demonstrate the practicality of our approach by implementing it on a mobile device and achieving real-time object detection.
الجهود النسوية المساندة للحروب الإسلامية الصليبية خلال القرنيين 6 – 7 هـ / 12-13م
Authors: المقدم ا.د.م/ محمد
Published: April 2023

اشتركت النساء في الجهود المساعدة للأعمال الحربية في مراحل الحروب الصليبية المختلفة، وأسهمن بجهود متنوعة ومتفاوتة قبل المعارك وأثناءها، ويهدف البحث إلى إبراز الجهود النسوية في سياق التحضير للحملات العسكرية، وأدوارها المساندة للأعمال القتالية في البلاد الشامية زمن الحروب الصليبية؛ سواءً في الجبهة الداخلية، أم في خطوط  الإمداد ودعم المواجهات بين القوى الإسلامية والصليبية، ويرصد الحوافز والمعوقات الدينية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية لمشاركة النساء، وأدوارهنَّ المتنوَّعة في المجالات المعاونة للأعمال العسكرية.
هــاشـم بن يحيى الشــــامي عصره وحياته (1087- 1158هـ/ 1676- 1745م)
Authors: المليكي ا.م.د/أحمد
Published: April 2023

هَدَفَ البحثُ إلى دراسة عصر العلامة هاشم بن يحيى الشامي وحياته، واسْتُخْدِمَ فيه المنهج التاريخي والوصفي والتحليلي والنقدي والمقارن ، لدراسة الحياة السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية في ذلك العصر، ومسيرة حياة الشامي: اسمه، ونَسَبه، ولقبه، ومولده، ونشأته، وحياته العلمية، وشيوخه، وتلاميذه، وأولاده، وصفاته، ومكانته العلمية، وثناء العلماء عليه، سواءً أكانوا من المعاصرين له أم المتأخرين عنه، ووفاته، وخلص البحث إلى جملة وافرة من النتائج المتعلقة بأبعاد عصر الشامي، وبحياته الحافلة بالتفاعل والانفعال والتأثير والتأثر بتلك الأبعاد، وبجهوده القيمة في طلب العلم ونشره تعليمًا وتصنيفًا .
Effect of qat on the oral health
Authors: Researcher\Adel Researcher\Adel , Al-Tayer Researcher\Barakat
Published: April 2023

This study is descriptive, and was conducted in the Faculty of Oral Medicine and Dentistry - University of Alsaeed, The purpose of this study was the presentation of various facial –oral and dental lesions in Yemeni patients who were using qat.

Materials methods : eight hundreds and eighty five patients Yemeni were examined.   All of who were chewing qat. All patients were adults 18 years of age or older , were then selected for the study, oral and hard tissues lesion were classified according to their clinical impression, location, size &their association with the use of qat chewing.

The result : Diagnosed oral lesions were distributed as follow: - periodontitis 31.8%, severe attrition 21.0%, cervical caries 12%, Cervical none carious lesion 7%, Proxamil caries 8%, hyperkeratosis 3.8%, unilateral missing teeth 9.7%, unilateral heavy calculus 9.4% and bilateral missing teeth 3.75%, masseter muscle hypertrophy4%,TMJ associated symptoms1% and   gingival pain 1% . Recommendations: carrying out analytical studies to determine the association between qat chewing and oral lesions .
دراسة أسلوبية في ديوان (هموم إيقاعية) للشاعر الدكتور سلطان الصريمي
Authors: الأسودي د/رضوان
Published: April 2023

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على الظواهر الأسلوبية في ديوان (هموم إيقاعية) للشاعر سلطان الصريمي باللهجة العامية، حيث اشتملت هذه الدراسة على أربعة مباحث أساسية، المبحث الأول : يتناول ظاهرة التكرار ، أما المبحث الثاني: فيتناول ظاهرة الانزياح الدلالي أو التصويري في الصورة الاستعارية، وأما المبحث الثالث: فيتناول الانزياح الدلالي في الصورة الكنائية، وأما المبحث الأخير: فقد حمل عنوان المفارقة .
أهمية موقع مدينة عدن الاستراتيجي ودوره في تطوير التنمية السياحية
Authors: الصلاحي د/ صالح
Published: April 2023

يعد قطاع السياحة في كثير من بلدان العالم من القطاعات الاقتصادية الرئيسية التي تعتمد عليها تلك الدول لرفد خزينتها بالموارد المالية من العملة المحلية والعملة الصعبة، كما تلعب السياحة دورًا مهمًا في دعم ميزان المدفوعات وتوفير فرص عمل لكثير من الافراد العاطلين عن العمل، وتأسيسًا على ذلك تأتي فكرة اختيار عنوان هذا البحث انطلاقًا من أهمية موقع مدينة عدن الاستراتيجي ودور ميناء عدن الدولي الذي يعد احد أهم المنافذ البحرية لليمن وثاني ميناء عالمي منذ القدم، فضلًا عن ذلك ما تتميز به المدينة من ثروة هائلة من الموروث الثقافي والحضاري منذ العصور القديمة وما تمتلكه من مقومات سياحية متميزة مثل المعالم التاريخية والبحار المحيطة بها والشواطئ الجميلة التي قد لا تتوفر في بقية محافظات الجمهورية الاخرى، وتكمن أهمية المردود الاقتصادي للسياحة في محافظة عدن من وجهة نظر الباحث في مدى اهتمام الدولة في هذا القطاع المهم من خلال الاستثمار الأمثل لجميع المقومات السياحية التي سبق ذكرها والتي من المتوقع ان تلعب دورًا بارزًا في تنمية وتطوير السياحة في المحافظة ينعكس ايجابًا في تعزيز الاقتصاد الوطني للدولة.
التكامل بين فروع مادة الاجتماعيات من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة وموجهيها في المرحلة الإعدادية بمدارس محافظة عدن
Authors: عبد الإله أنيسة , محسن أميمة
Published: April 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على التكامل بين فروع مادة الاجتماعيات من وجهة نظر معلمي المادة وموجهيها في المرحلة الإعدادية بمدارس محافظة عدن، ولتحقيق ذلك تمَّ اختيار عينة تألفت من (100معلم وموجه) من معلمي وموجهي مادة الاجتماعيات في المرحلة الإعدادية، ولجمع البيانات تمَّ إعداد استبانة مكونة من (20) فقرةً، وباستخدام الوسائل المناسبة لمعالجتها إحصائيًا، أظهرت النتائج اتفاق معلمي مادة الاجتماعيات وموجهيها، بمستوى متوسط على توافر التكامل بين فروع مادة الاجتماعيات في المرحلة الإعدادية، إلا أنهم أظهروا ضعفًا في استخدام الطريقة التكاملية في تنفيذ مواضيع الاجتماعيات في الصفوف الدراسية. وبناءً على ما توصلت إليه الدراسة من نتائج، أوصت الباحثتان بضرورة عقد دورات تدريبية لمعلمي الاجتماعيات؛ لتمكّنهم من تنفيذ مواضيع الاجتماعيات بأسلوب المنحى التكاملي. وتقترح الباحثتان إجراء دراسات مماثلة للدراسة الحالية على مواد أخرى كالعلوم واللغة العربية والدراسات الإسلامية؛ لمعرفة توافر التكامل بين فروعها.
اتجاهات طلبة المستوى الثالث بكلية التربية عدن نحو استعمال استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تدريس المواد الاجتماعية
Authors: عبد الإله أنيسة
Published: April 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على اتجاهات طلبة المستوى الثالث بكلية التربية عدن نحو استعمال استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تدريس المواد الاجتماعية، وتألف مجتمع الدراسة من طلبة الدراسات الاجتماعية في الأقسام (التاريخ، الجغرافية، علم الاجتماع، ومعلم مجال الاجتماعيات)، والبالغ عددهم (79) طالبًا وطالبًة، أما عينة الدراسة فبلغت (69) طالبًا وطالبًة من المجتمع الأصلي، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثة مقياس مكون من (35) عبارًة موزعًة على (7) مجالات، وقد تأكدت من صدقه وثباته إحصائيًا بالطرق المناسبة، وأظهرت النتائج اتجاهات إيجابية نحو استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تدريس المواد الاجتماعية في جميع مجالات الدراسة بدرجة متوسطة، حصل المجال الأول (تنمية المهارات الاجتماعية للطالب) على الترتيب الأول، يليه المجال الرابع (إدارة الصف الدراسي بطريق مناسبة)، ثم المجال الخامس (تفاعل الطلبة داخل الصف الدراسي) في الترتيب الثالث، وحصل المجال السابع (تنمية مهارات التفكير للطالب) على الترتيب الرابع، يليه المجال الثاني (تنمية المجال الوجداني للطالب) في الترتيب الخامس، ثم المجال السادس (رفع مستوى الأداء التعليمي للطالب) في الترتيب السادس، وحصل المجال الثالث (تحسين البيئة الصفية) على الترتيب السابع، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا بين متوسط درجات اتجاهات أفراد العينة نحو استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تدريس المواد الاجتماعية تعزى للتخصص، لصالح طلبة قسمي الجغرافية وعلم الاجتماع.
Seroprevalence of Human cytomegalovirus among adult Population in Taiz city, Yemen
Authors: Alfaqih Waddah , Salam Ali , Abdullah Ashwaq
Published: April 2023

Human cytomegalovirus is a widespread herpesvirus that infects the vast majority of individuals. HCMV can establish long life latency. HCMV reactivations were reported in immunocompromised patients and pregnant females. HCMV causes congenital infections. In this study, almost 206 adults were underwent anti-HCMV IgG & IgM antibodies tests in Taiz International laboratory in Taiz city, Yemen (from March 2019 to December 2020). A total of 206 adults underwent HCMV antibodies screening tests. Among them, 12 males and 194 females. All males were HCMV IgG seropositive, while 97.9% of females were HCMV IgG seropositive. Among all patients, only four were HCMV IgM seropositive. All four HCMV IgM seropositive patients were HCMV IgG seropositive. Low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene practices determine HCMV prevalence in developing countries. Minister of Public Health, Yemen have to approve HCMV serologic test as a routine screening test for pregnant females to prevent HCMV neurological disorders in fetus/newborn.
Prevalence of Candida albicans Infection in the Oral Cavity among Dental Clinic Patients in Taiz City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Kolaibe Abdu , A. Aladimi Adel , Saeed Ayman
Published: April 2023

Oral candidiasis is one of the most common oral disease of human caused by Candida albicans, and can cause superficial infection. Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the prevalence of Candida albicans infection in the oral cavity among dental clinic patients in Taiz city, Yemen. And determining the sensitivity of the isolated Candida albicans to some antifungal drugs and plant extracts. Methods: A total (200) specimens with oral candidiasis have been collected from dental patients by using the oral rinse technique, from October 2021 to January 2022. Diagnosed by dentist of clinics and hospitals, and identified by microbiological procedures. Results: Most of the isolates were Candida albicans representing in 101(50.5%) of total oral sample isolates. The non-Albicans species are the second most common representing in 51(25.5%). The remaining oral sample isolates are of non-yeast growth representing in 48(24%). Fluconazole and Itraconazole have been tested against 20 isolates of C. albicans. All the drugs, examined in vitro, show antifungal sensitivity that shows (80%). Plant extracts of Salvadora persica and Commiphora myrrha have been tested against 20 isolates of C.albicans. Four concentration of alcoholic extracts for investigated plants show antifungal activity in vitro better than aqueous extracts. Conclusions: Candida albicans were the most prevalent isolate from oral cavity of dental patients with oral candidiasis. Plant extracts of Salvadora persica and Commiphora myrrha show antifungal activity in vitro.
Fostering Quantitative Reasoning Through a Question of Fairness
Authors: Ozturk Ayse
Published: April 2023

An instructional activity positions students’ quantitative reasoning as the central mechanism of problem solving based on the notions of fairness and reasonableness.
Problems to Ponder
Authors: Sweet Zachary , Thibodeau Tiffany
Published: April 2023

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.
April Showers Bring May Flowers
Authors: Martinie Sherri L.
Published: April 2023

Given the numbers and data at our fingertips in this digital age, mathematical and digital literacy skills are imperative when it comes to understanding natural and social phenomena and making good decisions. As teachers we are responsible for helping students make sense of this information
About the single combat of Prince Mstislav and Rededya: a comparative historical analysis of the culture of single combats in Ancient Rus at the end of X - the first half of XI centuries
Authors: Chasovitina Olga Vladimirovna
Published: April 2023

The article examines the story of the "Tale of Bygone Years" about the single combat of Prince Mstislav and Rededya as an evidence of ancient Russian military culture of single combats. The evidence is correlated with other written and archaeological sources to establish its connection with the actual political history. For comparative study, the evidence is correlated with other Old Russian written sources about single combats and contemporary narrations about single combats in the monuments of Byzantine historiography. During the comprehensive study of the text of Mstislav's prayer, the evidence of the military veneration of the Mother of God in Byzantium and in Russia, including references to prayers to the Mother of God, is considered. The conducted research allows us to conclude about the influence of the Byzantine military tradition and religious culture on the military culture of Russia. The relationship is most clearly traced in the religious appearance of the single combat, while the chronicle narration in question is attributed to the earliest evidence of the military veneration of the Mother of God in Russia. There are similar ideas about single combats as events that deserve to be preserved in historiography. It is not easy to determine the relationship between the organization and conduct of single combats, due to the scarcity of chronicle data. The Byzantine influence, presumably, was expressed both in the rethinking of ideas about single combats, and in the veneration of the Mother of God as an assistant or intercessor in the event of war.
A hybrid GA-PSO strategy for computing task offloading towards MES scenarios
Authors: Li Wenzao , Sun Xiulan , Wan Bing , Liu Hantao , Fang Jie , Wen Zhan
Published: April 2023

As a new type of computing paradigm closer to service terminals, mobile edge computing (MEC), can meet the requirements of computing-intensive and delay-sensitive applications. In addition, it can also reduce the burden on mobile terminals by offloading computing. Due to cost issues, results in the deployment density of mobile edge servers (MES) is restricted in real scenario, whereas the suitable MES should be chosen for better performance. Therefore, this article proposes a task offloading strategy under the sparse MES density deployment scenario. Commonly, mobile terminals may reach MES through varied access points (AP) based on multi-hop transmitting mode. The transmission delay and processing delay caused by the selection of AP and MES will affect the performance of MEC. For the purpose of reducing the transmission delay due to system load balancing and superfluous multi-hop, we formulated the multi-objective optimization problem. The optimization goals are the workload balancing of edge servers and the completion delay of all task offloading. We express the formulated system as an undirected and unweighted graph, and we propose a hybrid genetic particle swarm algorithm based on two-dimensional genes (GA-PSO). Simulation results show that the hybrid GA-PSO algorithm does not outperform state-of-the-art GA and NSA algorithms in obtaining all task offloading delays. However, the workload by standard deviation approach is about 90% lower than that of the GA and NSA algorithms, which effectively optimizes the performance of load balancing and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Establishing Reference Interval for Fasting Blood Glucose in Healthy Adults of Ambalapuzha, Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajesh KM , Kulkarni Roopa P , Vilambil Sajith , Lonappan Lyson , . Jyothsna , Jose Jobinse
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Fasting blood glucose is one of the major tests in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Researchers have found the racial/ethnic differences in reference interval of common biochemical and haematological laboratory tests. Reference Intervals denotes normative values related to laboratory parameters/analytes used by diagnostic centres for clinical diagnosis. An appropriate reference value is essential for effective clinical decision making. Aim: To establish reference intervals for fasting blood glucose in healthy adult population of Ambalapuzha, North Grama Panchayath, Kerala, India. Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Govt. T.D. Medical College, Ambalapuzha, Alappuzha, Kerala, India, from February 2018 to August 2018. A total of 420 healthy individuals were included in the study. After random selection of subjects, fasting blood samples were collected and all the samples were analysed for fasting blood glucose levels. Data was analysed statistically by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. Mean, standard deviation, reference interval and comparison between both sexes and different age groups was done. Results: Out of 420 individuals 166 (39.5%) were males and 254 (60.5%) were females. The mean level of glucose was 80.97±10.113 mg% and the standard error of means was 0.493. The study population were categorised into 20-29 years, 30- 39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years age groups. When compared those age groups, the mean blood glucose level was highest (83.81 mg%) for the age group 50-59 years. Significant difference in mean was seen when 30-39 years and 40-49 years was compared with 50-59 years age category. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no difference in the reference range established between males and females. There was a significant difference in the mean fasting blood glucose among different age groups.
Integrating 21st-Century Industrial Expectation into the HND Graphic Design Curriculum: Linkage with Key Partners for Engagement
Authors: Sarpong-Nyantakyi Josephine
Published: April 2023

The nexus between academia and the world of work determines the work readiness of graduates. The purpose of this study is to explore the linkage between the Higher National Diploma (HND) graphic design programme (GDP) and the graphic arts industry. The study utilized qualitative evaluative case studies to gather data from a face-to-face interview and focus group discussions for an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Both the purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to gather 30 respondents from faculty members, graduates, and industry-based supervisors of the HND GDP in Accra, Tema, Winneba, Takoradi, and Kumasi. The result of the analysis indicates that the experiences gained by HND GDG are dependent on Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET), the availability of experienced industrial trainers and lecturers for mentorship, modern facilities, teaching, and learning materials such as a cohesive curriculum. The study supports proper collaboration among key stakeholders in the HND GDP for cross-fertilization of ideas, open-mindedness, and receptivity. Therefore, developing trends is the most effective way to improve pedagogic processes.
Three-step Four-point Optimized Hybrid Block Method for Direct Solution of General Third Order Differential Equations
Authors: Obarhua Friday O.
Published: April 2023

This research work considers derivation of three step four point optimized hybrid block method for solving general third order differential equations (odes) without reduction to systems of lower order odes. A combination of power series and exponential function is used as an approximate solution to the general third order ode problems. Continuous linear multistep method is developed by interpolating the basis function at both grid and off-grid points and collocating the differential function at only grid points. The unknown parameters in the system of linear equations arising from the collocation and interpolation functions were determined and the values substituted in the approximate solution to the problem. The required continuous method is obtained after necessary simplification. The derived method is tested and found to be consistent, symmetric and of low error constant. The results obtained showed a better performance than the existing methods in literature under review.
Biodegradation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Sudan Using Sudanese Plant Acacia seyal Del
Authors: Abdallah Amel Hassan , Elhussein Adil Ali , Ibrahim Dafaalla Ali
Published: April 2023

Phytoremediation is an environmental technology in which plants are used for decontamination of organic and inorganic pollutants from soils and water. Acacia seyal Delile was tested for it is ability to degrade crude oil contaminated soil in four concentrations 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) of crude oil. Plant parameters, degradation percentage, retention time and bacterial count were calculated. Results showed that at the end of the growth period of A. seyal Del no such adverse effect was observed on the shoot length and it is better than that of the control at the 2% concentration by the end of the growth period. This result highlights the ability of A. seyal Del to grow under stress of oil contamination. A. seyal root length has substantially increased at two and four month’s interval and no significant difference was observed at these two intervals. A. seyal Del shoot biomass was significantly (p<0.05) negatively affected by crude oil at four month intervals, Root weight of A. seyal Del have decreased steadily. Degradation percentage was found to be in the range between 49-54%. Penadecane is the first compound appear in most cases and the retention time was between 13.7-32.9 min. Number of compounds detected in the rhizosphere  those were 57, 70 and 167 compound after two, four and six month of growth respectively. Viable count of the dominant bacteria showed that there is no significant different between concentrations (P=0.699), also there is no significant difference between intervals (P=0.08) in bacterial number. This study reveals the visibility of using tropical plant Acacia seyal in crude oil degradation.
Mortality After Postcolonoscopy Colorectal Cancer in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Kahi Charles J. , Myers Laura J. , Monahan Patrick O. , Barker Barry C. , Stump Timothy E. , Imperiale Thomas F.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) refers to colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed after a colonoscopy in which no cancer was found and is reflective of colonoscopy quality at the individual and system levels. Colonoscopy is widely performed in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, but the prevalence of PCCRC and its associated mortality are unknown.

Objective

To examine PCCRC prevalence and its all-cause mortality (ACM) and CRC-specific mortality (CSM) within the VA health care system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used VA-Medicare administrative data to identify 29 877 veterans aged 50 to 85 years with newly diagnosed CRC between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Patients whose colonoscopy occurred less than 6 months before CRC diagnosis with no other colonoscopy within the previous 36 months were categorized as having detected CRC (DCRC). Those who had a colonoscopy that did not detect CRC between 6 and 36 months before CRC diagnosis were categorized as having postcolonoscopy CRC (PCCRC-3y). A third group included patients with CRC and no colonoscopy within the prior 36 months. The final analysis of the data was performed in September 2022.

Exposures

Prior receipt of colonoscopy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox proportional hazards regression (with censoring, last follow-up December 31, 2018) analyses were conducted to compare PCCRC-3y and DCRC for 5-year ACM and CSM after CRC diagnosis.

Results

Of 29 877 patients with CRC (median [IQR] age, 67 [60-75] years; 29 353 [98%] male; 5284 [18%] Black, 23 971 [80%] White, and 622 [2%] other), 1785 (6%) were classified as having PCCRC-3y and 21 811 (73%) as having DCRC. The 5-year ACM rates were 46% vs 42% for patients with PCCRC-3y vs patients with DCRC. The 5-year CSM rates were 26% vs 25% for patients with PCCRC-3y vs patients with DCRC. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, there was no significant difference in ACM and CSM between patients with PCCRC-3y (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11; P = .18) and patients with DCRC (aHR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95-1.13; P = .42). However, compared with patients with DCRC, patients with no prior colonoscopy had significantly higher ACM (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.70-1.82; P < .001) and CSM (aHR, 2.22; 95% CI, 2.12-2.32; P < .001). Compared with patients with DCRC, patients with PCCRC-3y had significantly lower odds of having undergone colonoscopy performed by a gastroenterologist (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.53; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that PCCRC-3y constituted 6% of CRCs in the VA system, which is similar to other settings. Compared with patients with CRC detected by colonoscopy, those with PCCRC-3y have comparable ACM and CSM.
Modeling Posttreatment Prognosis of Skin Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis in China
Authors: Yang Zhihui , Han Shasha , Wu Peng , Wang Mingyue , Li Ruoyu , Zhou Xiao-Hua , Li Hang
Published: April 2023

Importance

Understanding the posttreatment prognosis of skin lesions in patients with psoriasis is essential for improving patients’ treatment satisfaction.

Objectives

To model the prognosis of skin lesions for patients with psoriasis after 3 types of therapy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study included patients with psoriasis who visited a dermatologist and were enrolled in the platform of the Psoriasis Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center in China from August 2020 to December 2021.

Interventions

Biologic, traditional, and systemic therapy for psoriasis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Skin lesions were measured by the Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale subsumed into 4 stages of severity (IGA 0/1, IGA 2, IGA 3, and IGA 4), with higher scores indicating higher severity. The matching method was used to balance baseline covariates between patients receiving each of the 3 treatments. Transition probabilities from IGA scores at baseline to 0 to 1 month and 1 to 12 months were estimated.

Results

A total of 8767 patients were included in the final analysis (median age, 38.6 years [IQR, 28.7-52.8 years]; 5809 [66.3%] male). Across the 3 therapies, as the follow-up duration increased, the probability of improvement transition into a less severe IGA stage (from IGA 4 to IGA 0/1) increased from 0.19 (95% CI, 0.18-0.21) in 0 to 1 month to 0.36 (95% CI, 0.34-0.37) in 1 to 12 months. Biologic therapy was associated with greater improvement transitions for severe conditions, with transition probabilities from IGA 4 to IGA 0/1 increasing by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.02-0.09) vs traditional therapy and by 0.06 (95% CI, 0.03-0.09) vs systemic therapy in 0 to 1 month and by 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04-0.12) vs traditional therapy and 0.11 (95% CI, 0.07-0.14) vs systemic therapy in 1 to 12 months.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study modeling psoriasis prognosis provided a complete prognosis of skin lesions, and biologic therapy was associated with improved prognosis of moderate to severe psoriasis compared with traditional and systemic therapies. The study provides insight on using transition diagrams to assess psoriasis prognosis and to communicate with patients in clinical practice.
Long-term Mortality in Individuals Diagnosed With Cancer During Pregnancy or Postpartum
Authors: Cairncross Zoe F. , Shack Lorraine , Nelson Gregg , Friedenreich Christine M. , Ray Joel , Fell Deshayne B. , Lisonkova Sarka , Bhatti Parveen , Sikdar Khokan , McMorris Carly , Metcalfe Amy
Published: April 2023

Importance

Outcomes among patients with pregnancy-associated cancers (diagnosed during pregnancy or 1-year postpartum) other than breast cancer have received relatively little research attention. High-quality data from additional cancer sites are needed to inform the care of this unique group of patients.

Objective

To assess mortality and survival in premenopausal women with pregnancy-associated cancers, with a particular focus on cancers other than those of the breast.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based retrospective cohort study included premenopausal women (aged 18-50 years) living in 3 Canadian provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, and Ontario) diagnosed with cancer between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, with follow-up until December 31, 2017, or date of death. Data analysis occurred in 2021 and 2022.

Exposures

Participants were categorized as being diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy (from conception to delivery), during the postpartum period (up to 1 year after delivery), or during a time that was remote from pregnancy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes were overall survival at 1 and 5 years and time from diagnosis to death due to any cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate mortality adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age at cancer diagnosis, cancer stage, cancer site, and days from diagnosis to first treatment. Meta-analysis was used to pool results across all 3 provinces.

Results

During the study period there were 1014, 3074, and 20 219 participants diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy, postpartum, and periods remote from pregnancy, respectively. One-year survival was similar across the 3 groups, but 5-year survival was lower among those diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy or postpartum. Overall, there was a greater risk of death due to pregnancy-associated cancer among those diagnosed during pregnancy (aHR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.51-2.13) and postpartum (aHR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.33-1.67); however, these results varied across cancer sites. Increased hazard of mortality was observed for breast (aHR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.58-2.56), ovarian (aHR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.12-6.03), and stomach (aHR, 10.37; 95% CI, 3.56-30.24) cancers diagnosed during pregnancy, and brain (aHR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.28-5.90), breast (aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32-1.95), and melanoma (aHR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.02-3.30) cancers diagnosed postpartum.

Conclusions and Relevance

This population-based cohort study found that pregnancy-associated cancers had increased overall 5-year mortality, though not all cancer sites presented the same risk.
Association Between Social Determinants of Health and Examination-Based Vision Loss vs Self-reported Vision Measures
Authors: Alfaro Hudak Katelin M , Wittenborn John S. , Lamuda Phoebe A. , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Saaddine Jinan , Rein David B.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Recent evidence suggests that social determinants of health (SDOH) affect vision loss, but it is unclear whether estimated associations differ between clinically evaluated and self-reported vision loss.

Objective

To identify associations between SDOH and evaluated vision impairment and to assess whether these associations hold when examining self-reported vision loss.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional comparison included participants 12 years and older in the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), participants of all ages (infants and older) in the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS), and adults 18 years and older in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Exposures

Five domains of SDOH that are based on Healthy People 2030: economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Presenting vision impairment of 20/40 or worse in the better-seeing eye (NHANES) and self-reported blindness or serious difficulty seeing, even with glasses (ACS and BRFSS).

Results

Of 3 649 085 included participants, 1 873 893 were female (51.1%) and 2 504 206 were White (64.4%). SDOH across domains of economic stability, educational attainment, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social context were significant predictors of poor vision. For example, higher income (poverty to income ratio [NHANES]: OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; [ACS]: OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.93-0.94; categorical income [BRFSS:<$15 000 reference]: $15 000-$24 999; OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.91-0.91; $25 000-$34 999: OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.80-0.80; $35 000-$49 999: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.71-0.72; ≥$50 000: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.49-0.49), employment (BRFSS: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.66-0.66; ACS: OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.54-0.55), and owning a home (NHANES: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-1.00; BRFSS: OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.82-0.82; ACS: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.79-0.79) were associated with lower odds of vision loss. The study team identified no differences in the general direction of the associations when using either clinically evaluated or self-reported vision measures.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study team found evidence that associations between SDOH and vision impairment track together when using either clinically evaluated or self-reported vision loss. These findings support the use of self-reported vision data in a surveillance system to track trends in SDOH and vision health outcomes within subnational geographies.
Protein translocation in mitochondria: Sorting out the Toms, Tims, Pams, Sams and Mia
Authors: Herrmann Johannes M , Bykov Yury
Published: April 2023

Mitochondrial protein import

Mitochondria contain 902 (yeast) to 1.136 (mouse, humans) verified proteins. Except for a very small number of mitochondrially encoded core components of the respiratory chain, mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytosol. Different import pathways direct proteins to their respective mitochondrial subcompartment (outer membrane, intermembrane space (IMS), inner membrane and matrix). Specific targeting signals in their sequence direct proteins to their target destination and allow the proteins to embark on their respective import pathway. The main import pathways are shown here on the poster and are introduced in the following, using the mitochondrial import system of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as example. However, the mitochondrial import system of mammalian cells is highly similar and deviates only in minor aspects. Even the mitochondrial import machineries of less closely related eukaryotes, such as plants and trypanosomes, are very similar and adhere to the same general principles.
Parametric finite element analysis of laminated coupling
Authors: Lu Hongjiang , Tian Zhongxu , Wang Simeng
Published: April 2023

To systematically and efficiently study the relationship between the design parameters and the strength and performance of the laminated coupling, it is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the design and selection of the coupling. Based on ANSYS parametric design language, parametric modeling and analysis were carried out on four different types of membranes, namely circular, multilateral, joint and plum‐pattern membranes. The loads and constraints were parameterized and the automatic grid division and analytical parameter control were realized, so as to obtain the stress distribution rule of the membranes. Based on Python language and parameterized commands, the secondary development of the membrane parametric finite element analysis tool was provided. The influence law of the factors such as angular displacement, torque, thickness, and the number of holes on the membrane performance was studied respectively, so as to achieve efficient finite element analysis. Results show that stress concentration exists near the hole edge of the membranes under the action of torque and angular displacement. Both the increase of torque and angular displacement will maximize the equivalent stress of the membranes, and appropriately reducing the thickness of the single membrane can lower the equivalent stress of the membranes.
Control of Surface Morphology, Adhesion and Friction of Colloidal Gels with Lamellar Surface Interactions
Authors: Deptula Alexander , Rangel‐Galera Jessica , Espinosa‐Marzal Rosa M.
Published: April 2023

Despite recent advances in polyelectrolyte systems, designing responsive hydrogel interfaces to meet application requirements still proves challenging. Here, semicrystalline colloidal gels composed of poly(methacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid) are investigated in water with storage moduli in the MPa range. A combination of SEM, X‐ray scattering, and NMR reveals the evolution of the colloidal microstructure, crystallinity, and hydrogen bonding with varying monomer ratio. The gels with the finest colloidal microstructure exhibit the most dissipative rheological behavior and are selected for the study of their interfacial characteristics and underlying interactions. Microstructure stabilization and dynamics results from short‐range (attractive) hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces, and long‐range (repulsive) electrostatic interactions—the “SALR” pair potential. Further, the gel's surface exhibits a submicron colloidal topography that greatly determines (colloidal‐like) friction as a result of the viscoelastic deformation of the colloidal network, while electrostatic near‐surface interactions propagate in lamellar adhesion. The dynamic and reversible nature of the involved interactions introduces a stimulus responsive behavior that enables the electrotunability of adhesion and friction. This study advances the knowledge necessary to design complex hydrogel interfaces that enable spatial and dynamic control of surface properties, which is of relevance for applications in biomedical devices, soft tissue design, soft robotics, and other engineered tribosystems.
Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition Patterning Nitrogen‐Doped Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Shape Tailorable and Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Dong Haohao , Zhang Liangzhu , Liao Yongping , Huang Kai , Lian Cheng , Zhou Xinghai , Zhang Zhao , Kauppinen Esko I. , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: April 2023

Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as high‐power density energy storage units are designed to meet the booming development of flexible electronics, requiring simple and fast fabrication technology. Herein, a fast and direct solvent‐free patterning method is reported to fabricate shape‐tailorable and flexible MSCs by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD). The nitrogen‐doped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐SWCNTs) are directly deposited on a patterned filter by FCCVD with designable patterns and facilely dry‐transferred on versatile substrates. The obtained MSCs deliver an excellent areal capacitance of 3.6 mF cm−2 and volumetric capacitance of 98.6 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 along with excellent long‐term cycle stability over 125 000 circles. Furthermore, the MSCs show good performance uniformity, which can be readily integrated via connection in parallel or series to deliver a stable high voltage (4 V with five serially connected devices) and large capacitance (5.1 mF with five parallel devices) at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1, enabling powering the light emitting displays. Therefore, this method blazes the trail of directly preparing flexible, shape‐customizable, and high‐performance MSCs.
Stiff Substrate Induces Nucleus Pulposus Cell Ferroptosis via YAP and N‐Cadherin Mediated Mechanotransduction
Authors: Ke Wencan , Liao Zhiwei , Liang Huaizhen , Tong Bide , Song Yu , Li Gaocai , Ma Liang , Wang Kun , Feng Xiaobo , Li Shuai , Hua Wenbin , Wang Bingjin , Yang Cao
Published: April 2023

Increased tissue stiffness is associated with various pathological processes, such as fibrosis, inflammation, and aging. The matrix stiffness of the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues increases gradually during intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), while the mechanism through which NP cells sense and react to matrix stiffness remains unclear. In this study, the results indicate that ferroptosis is involved in stiff substrate‐induced NP cell death. The expression of acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4) increases in NP cells of the stiff group, which mediates lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in NP cells. In addition, stiff substrate activates the hippo signaling cascade and induces the nuclear translocation of yes‐associated protein (YAP). Interestingly, inhibition of YAP is efficient to reverse the increase of ACSL4 expression caused by matrix stiffness. Furthermore, stiff substrate suppresses the expression of N‐cadherin in NP cells. N‐cadherin overexpression can inhibit YAP nuclear translocation via the formation of the N‐cadherin/β‐catenin/YAP complex, and reverse matrix stiffness‐induced ferroptosis in NP cells. Finally, the effects of YAP inhibition and N‐cadherin overexpression on IDD progression are further illustrated in animal models. These findings reveal a new mechanism of mechanotransduction in NP cells, providing novel insights into the development of therapies for the treatment of IDD.
Halides‐Enhanced Buried Interfaces for Stable and Extremely Low‐Voltage‐Deficit Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Jidong , Wei Kun , Yang Li , Lin Lu , Xiao Yuanhui , Cai Xuanyi , Zhang Cuiping , Wu Deyin , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Jinbao
Published: April 2023

The perovskite buried interfaces have demonstrated pivotal roles in determining both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs); however, challenges remain in understanding and managing the interfaces due to their non‐exposed feature. Here, we proposed a versatile strategy of pre‐grafted halides to strengthen the SnO2–perovskite buried interface by precisely manipulating perovskite defects and carrier dynamics through alteration of halide electronegativity (χ), thereby resulting in both favorable perovskite crystallization and minimized interfacial carrier losses. Specifically, the implementation of fluoride with the highest χ induces the strongest binding affinity to uncoordinated SnO2 defects and perovskite cations, leading to retarded perovskite crystallization and high‐quality perovskite films with reduced residual stress. These improved properties enable champion efficiencies of 24.2% (the control: 20.5%) and 22.1% (the control: 18.7%) in rigid and flexible devices with extremely low voltage deficit down to 386 mV, all of which are among the highest reported values for PSCs with a similar device architecture. In addition, the resulting devices exhibit marked improvements in the device longevity under various stressors of humidity (>5000 h), light (1000 h), heat (180 h), and bending test (10 000 times). This method provides an effective way to improve the quality of buried interfaces toward high‐performance PSCs.
An Overstretch Strategy to Double the Designed Elastic Stretchability of Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Li Juyao , Wu Xiaolei , Su Yewang
Published: April 2023

Achieving or enhancing the elastic stretchability of inorganic stretchable electronics is critically significant. However, only two types of fundamental strategies—using the prestrained elastic substrate and designing the geometric layouts—are exploited thus far. This study proposes a third strategy, an overstretch strategy, applied beyond the designed elastic range of stretchable structures after transfer printing and bonding to a soft substrate. The theoretical, numerical, and experimental results collectively prove that the overstretch strategy can double the designed elastic stretchability of fabricated stretchable electronics and is valid for various geometrical interconnects with both thick and thin cross‐sections. The underlying mechanism is that the elastic range of the critical part of the stretchable structure is doubled, owing to the evolution of the elastoplastic constitutive relation during overstretching. The overstretch strategy can be easily executed and combined with the other two strategies to enhance elastic stretchability, which has profound implications for the design, fabrication, and applications of inorganic stretchable electronics.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of High‐Entropy Perovskite toward Highly Sensitive and Stable X‐ray Flat‐Panel Detectors
Authors: Wu Haodi , Chen Xu , Song Zihao , Zhang Ao , Du Xinyuan , He Xin , Wang Hanqi , Xu Ling , Zheng Zhiping , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: April 2023

Perovskites are attracting attention for optoelectronic devices. Despite their promise, the large‐scale synthesis of perovskite materials with exact stoichiometry, especially high‐entropy perovskites, has been a major challenge. Moreover, the difficulty in stoichiometry control also hinders the development of perovskite X‐ray flat‐panel detectors. Previous reports all employed simple MAPbI3 as the active layer, while the performance still falls short of optimized single‐crystal‐based single‐pixel detectors. Herein, a scalable and universal strategy of a mechanochemical method is adopted to synthesize stoichiometric high‐entropy perovskite powders with high quality and high quantity (>1 kg per batch). By utilizing these stoichiometric perovskites, the first FA0.9MA0.05Cs0.05Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3‐based X‐ray flat‐panel detector with low trap density and large mobility–lifetime product (7.5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1) is reported. The assembled panel detector exhibits close‐to‐single‐crystal performance (high sensitivity of 2.1 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and ultralow detection limit of 1.25 nGyair s−1), high spatial resolution of 0.46 lp/pixel, as well as excellent thermal robustness under industrial standards. The high performance in the high‐entropy perovskite‐based X‐ray FPDs has the potential to facilitate the development of new‐generation X‐ray‐detection systems.
Solar Biomass Reforming and Hydrogen Production with Earth‐Abundant Si‐Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Choi Yuri , Choi Sungho , Lee Inhui , Nguyen Trang Vu Thien , Bae Sanghyun , Kim Yong Hwan , Ryu Jaegeon , Park Soojin , Ryu Jungki
Published: April 2023

Efficient electrochemical hydrogen production and biomass refinery are crucial for the decarbonization of various sectors. However, their energy‐intensive nature and low efficiency have hindered their practical application. In this study, earth‐abundant and non‐toxic photocatalysts that can produce hydrogen and reform biomass efficiently, utilizing unlimited solar energy, are presented. The approach involves using low‐bandgap Si flakes (SiF) for efficient light‐harvesting, followed by modification with Ni‐coordinated N‐doped graphene quantum dots (Ni‐NGQDs) to enable efficient and stable light‐driven biomass reforming and hydrogen production. When using kraft lignin as a model biomass, SiF/Ni‐NQGDs facilitate record‐high hydrogen productivity at 14.2 mmol gcat−1 h−1 and vanillin yield of 147.1 mg glignin−1 under simulated sunlight without any buffering agent and sacrificial electron donors. SiF/Ni‐NQGDs can be readily recycled without any noticeable performance degradation owing to the prevention of deactivation of Si via oxidation. This strategy provides valuable insights into the efficient utilization of solar energy and practical applications of electro‐synthesis and biomass refinement.