bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over-30-dB gain and 1-dB noise figure phase-sensitive amplification using a pump-combiner-integrated fiber I/O PPLN module
Authors: Kazama Takushi , Umeki Takeshi , Shimizu Shimpei , Kashiwazaki Takahiro , Enbutsu Koji , Kasahara Ryoichi , Miyamoto Yutaka , Watanabe Kei
Published: August 2021

Phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) via the optical parametric amplification (OPA) process are capable of near-noiseless amplification, which can improve the performance of optical communications systems. OPA based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides is a proven means to implement a PSA with low additional nonlinear effects, such as frequency chirp, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and parametric crosstalk due to unwanted nonlinear interactions among pump and other signal waves. However, fiber compatibility is a challenge because optical coupling loss between a fiber and PPLN waveguide limits essential performance such as the gain and noise figure (NF), which makes PSAs still far from being practical. In this work, we developed a PPLN-waveguide-based pump-combiner-integrated OPA module with fiber input and output ports. With our recent development and optimization of the OPA module, we demonstrated high-performance phase-sensitive amplification with a gain of over 30 dB and an NF of 1.0 dB. In addition, we observed a 3-dB gain bandwidth of over 65 nm and flat NF characteristics in that wavelength band. The high conversion efficiency and high damage resistance of the PPLN waveguide, obtained by employing direct bonding and dry etching techniques, provide a high parametric gain. The low-loss coupling for the signal and pump between the fiber and a spot-size-converter-integrated PPLN waveguide through the dichroic beam combiner improve not only the gain but also the NF of the amplifier. Using the PSA as a preamplifier, the low-noise characteristics were confirmed by the sensitivity improvement provided by the low NF value.
Coherent optical 2D photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Uhl Daniel , Bangert Ulrich , Bruder Lukas , Stienkemeier Frank
Published: August 2021

Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy (CMDS) and photoelectron spectroscopy have become invaluable tools to elucidate the quantum properties and ultrafast dynamics of matter. Here, we report the combination of both complementary methods in a single experiment. This becomes technically feasible with the implementation of efficient single-counting detection and multichannel software-based lock-in amplification. The approach offers high temporal, spectral, and kinetic energy resolution, enables differential CMDS experiments with unprecedented selectivity, and enhances the dynamic range of CMDS by two orders of magnitude. The demonstrated principle opens up a perspective for atomically resolved CMDS experiments using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Isolation and genetic characterization of a relapsing fever spirochete isolated from Ornithodoros puertoricensis collected in central Panama
Authors: Bermúdez Sergio E. , Armstrong Brittany A. , Domínguez Lillian , Krishnavajhala Aparna , Kneubehl Alexander R. , Gunter Sarah M. , Replogle Adam , Petersen Jeannine M. , Lopez Job E.
Published: August 2021

Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) spirochetes are likely an overlooked cause of disease in Latin America. In Panama, the pathogens were first reported to cause human disease in the early 1900s. Recent collections of Ornithodoros puertoricensis from human dwellings in Panama prompted our interest to determine whether spirochetes still circulate in the country. Ornithodoros puertoricensis ticks were collected at field sites around the City of Panama. In the laboratory, the ticks were determined to be infected with TBRF spirochetes by transmission to mice, and we report the laboratory isolation and genetic characterization of a species of TBRF spirochete from Panama. Since this was the first isolation of a species of TBRF spirochete from Central America, we propose to designate the bacteria as Borrelia puertoricensis sp. nov. This is consistent with TBRF spirochete species nomenclature from North America that are designated after their tick vector. These findings warrant further investigations to assess the threat B. puertoricensis sp. nov. may impose on human health.
The Chagas disease study landscape: A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level data platform
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , Dahal Prabin , Rashan Sumayyah , Ngu Roland , Boon Anca , Forsyth Colin , Strub-Wourgaft Nathalie , Chatelain Eric , Barreira Fabiana , Sosa-Estani Sergio , Guérin Philippe J.
Published: August 2021

Background

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~6–7 million people worldwide. Significant limitations still exist in our understanding of CD. Harnessing individual participant data (IPD) from studies could support more in-depth analyses to address the many outstanding research questions. This systematic review aims to describe the characteristics and treatment practices of clinical studies in CD and assess the breadth and availability of research data for the potential establishment of a data-sharing platform.

Methodology/Principal findings

This review includes prospective CD clinical studies published after 1997 with patients receiving a trypanocidal treatment. The following electronic databases and clinical trial registry platforms were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Clintrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP.

Of the 11,966 unique citations screened, 109 (0.9%) studies (31 observational and 78 interventional) representing 23,116 patients were included. Diagnosis for patient enrolment required 1 positive test result in 5 (4.6%) studies (2 used molecular method, 1 used molecular and serology, 2 used serology and parasitological methods), 2 in 60 (55.0%), 3 in 14 (12.8%) and 4 or more in 4 (3.7%) studies. A description of treatment regimen was available for 19,199 (83.1%) patients, of whom 14,605 (76.1%) received an active treatment and 4,594 (23.9%) were assigned to a placebo/no-treatment. Of the 14,605 patients who received an active treatment, benznidazole was administered in 12,467 (85.4%), nifurtimox in 825 (5.6%), itraconazole in 284 (1.9%), allopurinol in 251 (1.7%) and other drugs in 286 (1.9%). Assessment of efficacy varied largely and was based primarily on biological outcome; parasitological efficacy relied on serology in 67/85 (78.8%) studies, molecular methods in 52/85 (61.2%), parasitological in 34/85 (40.0%), microscopy in 3/85 (3.5%) and immunohistochemistry in 1/85 (1.2%). The median time at which parasitological assessment was carried out was 79 days [interquartile range (IQR): 30–180] for the first assessment, 180 days [IQR: 60–500] for second, and 270 days [IQR: 18–545] for the third assessment.

Conclusions/Significance

This review demonstrates the heterogeneity of clinical practice in CD treatment and in the conduct of clinical studies. The sheer volume of potential IPD identified demonstrates the potential for development of an IPD platform for CD and that such efforts would enable in-depth analyses to optimise the limited pharmacopoeia of CD and inform prospective data collection.
The relationship between resource abundance and insect herbivory on islands
Authors: Shin Bora , Lee Jae-Young , Kim Nang-Hee , Choi Sei-Woong
Published: August 2021

We examined the relationship between resource abundance and the feeding activity of phytophagous insects on three common island plants. The aim was to investigate the correlation between phytophagous insects’ abundance and availability of food and island geography. We collected 30,835 leaves from three tree species groups (Mallotus japonicus, Prunus species, and Quercus species) on 18 islands in southwest Korea. The number of plant resources for herbivores varied: the number of leaves per shoot was the highest in Mallotus, leaf weight and the water content per leaf was significantly lower in Quercus species. External feeding was higher for Prunus and Quercus species, whereas the internal feeding type was significantly higher for Quercus species. Geography (area and distance), elevation and food resource (elevation, number of plant species, and the forest cover rate) had a variable effect on phytophagous insects feeding activities: distance and the number of plant species were more explainable to the external feeding guild. In contrast, area and forest cover were more to the internal feeding guild.
The PilB-PilZ-FimX regulatory complex of the Type IV pilus from Xanthomonas citri
Authors: Llontop Edgar E. , Cenens William , Favaro Denize C. , Sgro Germán G. , Salinas Roberto K. , Guzzo Cristiane R. , Farah Chuck S.
Published: August 2021

Type IV pili (T4P) are thin and flexible filaments found on the surface of a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria that undergo cycles of extension and retraction and participate in a variety of important functions related to lifestyle, defense and pathogenesis. During pilus extensions, the PilB ATPase energizes the polymerization of pilin monomers from the inner membrane. In Xanthomonas citri, two cytosolic proteins, PilZ and the c-di-GMP receptor FimX, are involved in the regulation of T4P biogenesis through interactions with PilB. In vivo fluorescence microscopy studies show that PilB, PilZ and FimX all colocalize to the leading poles of X. citri cells during twitching motility and that this colocalization is dependent on the presence of all three proteins. We demonstrate that full-length PilB, PilZ and FimX can interact to form a stable complex as can PilB N-terminal, PilZ and FimX C-terminal fragments. We present the crystal structures of two binary complexes: i) that of the PilB N-terminal domain, encompassing sub-domains ND0 and ND1, bound to PilZ and ii) PilZ bound to the FimX EAL domain within a larger fragment containing both GGDEF and EAL domains. Evaluation of PilZ interactions with PilB and the FimX EAL domain in these and previously published structures, in conjunction with mutagenesis studies and functional assays, allow us to propose an internally consistent model for the PilB-PilZ-FimX complex and its interactions with the PilM-PilN complex in the context of the inner membrane platform of the X. citri Type IV pilus.
Lonely miles of wasteland: Radiating failure in Fallout 4
Authors: Inscoe J.
Published: August 2021

In this article, I analyse a radio voice in a post-apocalyptic video game, Fallout 4, set in the future ruins of Boston, Massachusetts. In the quest ‘Confidence Man’, players participate in the heteromasculinization of a failing radio disc jockey, Travis Miles, engaging him in the violence and relations of the post-nuclear war wasteland. Despite the ludic elements at play, Fallout 4 teleologically curtails player agency in Travis’ vocal puberty. I argue that Fallout 4’s ‘Confidence Man’ circulates gendered, nationalistic and capitalistic discourses, which assume an idealized confident radio voice as the natural, preferred intimate aesthetic and which reject the awkward, queer intimate aesthetic. Travis’ transformation into the confidence man Travis ‘Lonely’ Miles fulfils the sonic pleasure ethos of a capitalist formation, one that demands an appropriate aesthetic for a game-world centred on a neocolonial settler imperative.
Feeling at home: Sound, affect and domesticity on radio soap operas
Authors: Emmett Ilana R.
Published: August 2021

This article introduces the concept of ‘the everyday implausible’, asserting that, between 1930 and 1960, US radio serial aesthetics produced a tug-of-war between the familiar and the unfamiliar that was simultaneously radical and reactionary. This aesthetic created a space for the listener to place new versions of herself within the narrative, inviting the imagined woman-at-home to re-envisioning the possibilities of reality. However, re-envisioning reality produced its own set of limitations. The sonic features of the radio serial soundscape created imaginary spaces within the home, but these imaginary spaces were – as often as not – also homes, making the potential of escape wholly illusory. In giving attention to the specific aesthetic features of these programmes, this article interrogates the meaningful work produced by a sparse soundscape, alongside an emphasis on domesticity and emotional conversation.
Sounds like ‘home’: The synchrony and dissonance of podcasting as boundary object
Authors: Cory Erin , Boothby Hugo
Published: August 2021

Working at the intersection of migration studies and radio studies, we interrogate podcasting’s potential as a practice-based activist research method. This article documents podcasting’s role in an ethnographic project conducted together with Konstkupan (The Art Hive), a migrant-focused community arts space in Malmö, Sweden. We argue that the value of podcasting as a practice-based research method exists in its potential to function as a boundary object. Boundary objects are technologies and processes bridging social worlds and providing sites of communication and translation between groups. Challenging narratives that detect a decline in podcasting’s radical potential, we argue that as a boundary object, podcasting’s political significance continues in how it convenes small, diverse, but attentive ‘listening publics’. A boundary object does not demand consensus on the meanings or representations it produces, affording space for both the synchrony and dissonance of narratives produced by migrants.
Subclinical mastitis: Prevalence and risk factors in dairy cows in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Khasanah Himmatul , Setyawan Hidayat Bambang , Yulianto Roni , Widianingrum Desy Cahya
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a disease that frequently attacks lactating dairy cows and possibly decreases production, causing economic losses to farmers. This study aimed to define the prevalence of SCM and risk factor-associated related management practice by dairy farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The milk sample per quarter of individual lactating Friesian–Holstein cows (592 samples) was collected from 148 cows from 62 selected farms in the region with high dairy cattle populations in Malang, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, Probolinggo, Pasuruan, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. SCM determination was performed using the California mastitis test. A survey including field observation and interviews with farmers was conducted to find out the management practices of the selected farms. The analysis of risk factors was conducted by multinomial regression using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Chicago, USA). Results: In addition, 68.18% and 66.72% at the cow and quarter levels, respectively, of the lactating dairy cows examined had SCM. In multinomial regression, four variables were significantly given impact in association with the SCM prevalence in identifying related lactation stage (odds ratio [OR]: 1-2 months=5.67, 2-6 months=9.435), teat wiping after milking (OR=42.197), house cleanliness (OR: dirty=0.120, moderate=0.527), and location (regencies) of raising the cows (OR: Sidoarjo=0.076, Mojokerto=0.165, Jember=1.210, Probolinggo=3.449, Lumajang=1.638, Malang=1.210, and Pasuruan=0.681). Conclusion: The SCM prevalence in East Java is relatively high and a threat to the dairy industry's performance. This study found a significant association with SCM that needs to be considered in the practice of management to prevent and control SCM. However, the finding also suggested that hygienic management practices performed by farmers need to be improved to reduce SCM incidents.
Erelzi® – biosimilar of etanercept in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and psoriasis (Resolution of the Expert Panel)
Authors: Mazurov V. I. , Lila A. M. , Korotaeva T. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction of biosimilars of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARs) into clinical practice has significantly expanded the availability of bDMARD therapy for a wide range of patients with chronic immuno-inflammatory diseases.In 2020, the first biosimilar etanercept Erelzi®, was registered in the Russian Federation. On May 22, 2021, an interdisciplinary Expert panel meeting was held on the use of Erelzi® for the treatment of rheumatic diseases and psoriasis. The leading Russian rheumatologists and dermatologists participated in this meeting. In the resolution of the Expert panel, it was stated that according data from randomized clinical trials and real clinical practice and due to low immunogenic potential of Erelzi, it can be used in initial therapy and in switching from other bDMARDs therapy in patients, who develop adverse reactions or face loss of their therapy effectiveness.
Anti-B-cell therapy in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Novikova E. S. , Kotov A. S.
Published: August 2021

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of central nervous system autoimmune diseases characterized by similar clinical manifestations, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis being the most frequent among them. In most cases, the pathogenesis of NMOSDs is associated with autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG). However, AQP4-IgG is not detected in at least 10-20% of patients with NMOSDs. In this subgroup and in patients with isolated transverse myelitis or optic neuritis, IgG antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) were detected. Patients seronegative for both AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG have also been described.

Objective: to evaluate rituximab (RTX) effectiveness in preventing relapses and disability in patients with NMOSDs.

Patients and methods. The study included 27 patients with NMOSDs (9 men and 18 women) aged 20-51 years who received RTX in 2019-2021. The treatment protocol included intravenous infusions of 1000 mg of RTX on the 1st and 15th days, the second and subsequent courses (maintenance therapy) - intravenous infusions of 1000 mg of RTX once every six months. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by the average annualized relapse rate, the median changes of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes.

Results and discussion. The annualized relapse rate at baseline and 18 months after the start of treatment was: all patients (n=27) — 0.6±0.3 and 0.07±0.27(p<0.0001); AQP4-IgG+ patients (n=6) — 1.1±0.9 and 0.17±0.41 (p=0.028); MOG-IgG+ patients (n=14) — 0.4±0.3 and 0.07±0.28(p=0.001); AQP4-IgG-, MOG-IgG-patients (n=7) — 0.8±0.4 and 0.0±0.0 (p=0.018). The EDSSscore at baseline and 18months after the start of treatment was: all patients — 4.5 [3.25; 6.0] and 4.0 [3.0; 5.75] (p=0.679); AQP4-IgG+ — 3.5 [2.625; 4.75] and 3.5 [2.5; 4.5] (p=0.869); MOG-IgG+ - 5.5[3.75; 6.5] and 5.5[2.75; 6.25] (p=0.465); AQP4-IgG-, MOG-IgG- - 4.0[3.75; 5.25] and 3.5[3.0; 3.5] (p=0.043). We observed two clinical relapses during the study period: one in an AQP4-IgG+ male and another one in a MOG-IgG+ woman. There was a significant decrease in the annualized relapse rate in all groups. The disability indicator did not increase during the study period, and in AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG seronegative patients, it slightly but significantly decreased. Brain and spinal cord MRI monitoring during the treatment period revealed new active foci only in two patients with clinical relapses.

Conclusion. RTX treatment in NMOSDs is reasonably efficient and safe, but with the obligatory prior patient evaluation and monitoring of treatment results.
Workplace stress and cognitive functions (a population based study of adults aged 25—44 years)
Authors: Gafarov V. V. , Sukhanov A. V. , Gromova E. A. , Panov D. O. , Denisova D. V. , Gagulin I. V. , Gafarova A. V.
Published: August 2021

Objective: to investigate the effect of workplace stress on cognitive functions of younger men and women (25—44 years) in an open population of Novosibirsk.

Patients and methods. The study included a representative sample of Novosibirsk population aged 25—44 years (2013—2016 screening) within the budgetary theme №0541-2014-0004. We screened individuals aged 25—44years: 463 men, mean age 35.94±5.957years, and 546 women, mean age 36.17±5.997 years. Association of workplace stress with cognitive functions were assessed with standardized questions such as: «Has your specialty changed over the past 12 years?», «Do you like your job?» and «How do you rate your work responsibility over the past 12 months?». Cognitive evaluation during screening period included: A.R. Luria 10-words learning task (immediate and delayed recall), Burdon's test, exclusion of concepts «5th extra», animal naming test.

Results and discussion. We observed a decrease in semantic associations number among the respondents who did not change their occupation over the past year and among respondents who assess their work responsibility as «low». Verbal logical reasoning was lower in the respondents who assumed that they «did not like» or «did not like at all» their job and also assessed their work responsibility as «low». Auditory verbal shortterm memory, long-term memory, memorization productivity, and attention were worse in the participants who had either «insignificant» or «average» work responsibility.

Conclusion. Younger adults experiencing workplace stress have a decrease in cognitive functions.
Oral administration of cyanocobalamin for functional vitamin В12 deficiency: efficacy and safety
Authors: Shikh E. V. , Sizova Zh. M. , Astaeva M. O.
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of vitamin В12deficiency is about 3—16% in the general population, while in older people, it ranges from 10 to 20%. An increase in the proportion of people on reduced-calorie diets, the widespread use of drugs that can result in vitamin В12deficiency, an increase in life expectancy, on the one hand, a variety of clinical manifestations and the lack of precise algorithms for laboratory diagnostics, on the other hand, suggest that the number of patients with vitamin В12deficiency is significantly higher. Vitamin В12can be absorbed by passive diffusion, regardless of intrinsic factor and other underlying causes of the deficiency. The presence of an additional route of absorption brings in new expectations for the oral administration of cyanocobalamin in therapeutic doses. Comparative clinical trials of the use of cyanocobalamin have shown that the oral route of administration is as effective as the parenteral. Considering the need for long-term, and in some cases — life-long, use of the drug, there is a need to develop dosage regimens for oral administration comparable in effectiveness to parenteral administration. The use of functional vitamin В12deficiency biomarkers, such as vitamin В12levels, cholotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, made it possible to establish that a daily dose of 1000 mkg is the most effective, which at the initial stage is as efficient as intramuscular administration. In some circumstances, maintenance therapy (intramuscularly at a dose of 1 mg/month) was more effective; thus, a differentiated approach scheme to determining the maintenance oral dose was proposed, depending on the result obtained at the initial stage of therapy. Comparative studies covering the entire spectrum from the recommended dietary allowance to the dose commonly used for cobalamin injections have shown that an oral daily dose of 1000 mcg of cyanocobalamin normalizes serum vitamin В12levels and causes an 80—90% decrease in plasma methylmalonic acid concentration from the assumed maximum value. The oral route of administration provides a higher patient treatment adherence.
From theory to implementation: Examining EL certification requirements through the lens of local context
Authors: Johnson Adrienne , Thorne Wallington Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

With growing English learner (EL) populations enrolling in districts throughout the United States, educators must be trained to meet the needs of this culturally and linguistically diverse population. However, the approaches used to meet this growing teacher training need vary widely, with little available research on how different approaches impact student success. The current paper uses geospatial mapping to examine how states’ EL teacher certification requirements are related to the academic success of English learners in those states. The results of this study suggest that state EL teacher certification requirements are related to student outcomes and that geographic location moderates those results. The geospatial mapping technique utilized in this study improves the accessibility of available data to the general population and policy makers.
O PIBID e as disputas por sentidos de docência e formação de professores: A trajetória do programa entre 2007 e 2018
Authors: Campelo Talita da Silva , Cruz Giseli Barreto da
Published: August 2021

Este artigo trata de uma pesquisa que se propôs a analisar a trajetória do PIBID (Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência) entre 2007 e 2018 na perspectiva do ciclo de políticas (Bow et al., 1992). Conduz o estudo a seguinte questão: como interpretam a trajetória do PIBID aqueles que atuaram nele nos contextos de influência, produção de texto e prática? Para respondê-la trabalhou-se com análise documental, entrevistas e questionários através dos quais alcançou-se os depoimentos de 51 atores do PIBID. Os dados foram analisados com a contribuição de diversos autores dos quais destacam-se Zeichner na formação de professores e Ball nas políticas públicas educacionais. Os resultados indicam que, ao longo de sua trajetória, o PIBID encarnou as disputas em torno dos sentidos de docência e de formação entre progressistas (transformadores) e liberais (reformadores). Isso fez com que o programa passasse por duras mudanças que por fim desconfiguram sua essência. Observou-se que, no contexto da prática analisado - um PIBID Pedagogia de uma universidade federal localizada no Rio de Janeiro, pelas interpretações e traduções dos atores, as mudanças que o programa sofreu não afetaram o trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido porque o sentido de docência construído se sobrepôs à mensagem da política.
Additive Fertigung eines hybriden Planetenträgers
Authors: Papke Thomas , Bartels Dominic , Hofmann Harald , Mys Ruslana , Schmidt Michael , Merklein Marion
Published: August 2021

Die Gestaltungsfreiheit der additiven Fertigung wird in diesem Beitrag auf einen Planetenträger angewendet. Hierbei erfolgt die Fertigung des additiv gefertigten Volumens auf einem Grundkörper, der Bestandteil des Planetenträgers ist. Dadurch wird eine höhere Steifigkeit erreicht, die unter Torsionsbelastung – im Vergleich zu einer konventionell gefertigten Variante – doppelt so hoch ist. Bei dem Hybridansatz sind die Kosten bei höheren Stückzahlen gegenüber einer rein additiven Fertigung um 6 Prozent geringer.
Maschinelles Lernen bei hohem Variantenreichtum und kleinen Serien
Authors: Ruediger-Flore Patrick , Glatt Moritz , Aurich Jan C.
Published: August 2021

Mit der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung wachsen die Forderungen nach der Ausschöpfung des Potentials der dabei erhobenen Daten. Hierfür haben die Methoden des Maschinellen Lernens ihre Praxistauglichkeit bewiesen. Jedoch ergeben sich bei der Anwendung dieser Technologie in Produktionssystemen mit hohem Variantenreichtum und kleinen Serien, vielschichtige Herausforderungen. Das Feature Engineering als Teil der Datenaufbereitung birgt hierbei ein großes Potential zur deren Bewältigung. Anhand des Beispiels der Nutzfahrzeugproduktion werden in diesem Beitrag Handlungsempfehlungen hierzu aufgezeigt.
Integrale und automatisierte Planung von Routenzugsystemen
Authors: Rempel Wladimir , Stache Ulrich , Zoller Christoph S.
Published: August 2021

Die Planung von Routenzugsystemen ist eine komplexe Aufgabe, welche durch gängige Planungsverfahren nur in Teilen unterstützt wird sowie zu hohen manuellen Aufwänden und suboptimalen Lösungen führt. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Verfahren vor, welches die wesentlichen Planungsentscheidungen durch Anwendung eines Genetischen Algorithmus automatisch trifft. Erste Tests zeigen, dass das Verfahren in der Lage ist, ähnlich gute oder bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen als die Planung versierter Industrieplaner.
Retrofits von Regalbediengeräten
Authors: Xu Josef , Fottner Johannes
Published: August 2021

Regalbediengeräte sind wesentliche Leistungsträger in Intralogistikanlagen. Deren Instandhaltung zur anhaltenden Sicherung einer hohen Verfügbarkeit ist durch Faktoren, wie z. B. Support-Wegfall, aufgrund Bauteil-Abkündigungen limitiert. Um den Lebenszyklus von Regalbediengeräten zu verlängern, eignen sich Retrofits als wirtschaftlich und ökologisch effiziente Lösung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt ein methodisches Vorgehen, das Betreiber von Regalbediengeräten bei der Bewertung und Vorbereitung von zukünftigen Retrofits unterstützt.
Making the Case for a Preferences in Information Processing Model of Suicide
Authors: Cramer Robert J. , Gunn Laura H. , Kaniuka Andréa R. , Rasmussen Susan
Published: August 2021

Introduction: In recent years, practice friendly models of suicidal behavior have emerged in the form of “ideation-to-action” frameworks. These frameworks focus on processes influencing both the formation of suicidal ideation and the translation of that ideation to suicide attempt and death. In this paper, we proffer an emerging model of suicide, Preferences in Information Processing (PIP), to augment contemporary suicide theories. First, we provide a primer on dual-process models of information processing theory and research as the foundation for the PIP. Next, drawing on a number of initial cross-sectional studies, we outline a rationale and examples of how preferences in motivated affect (i.e., Need for Affect) and cognition (i.e., Need for Cognition) may be integrated into existing ideation-to-action frameworks. Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of our pooled community sample PIP data. Results: We present new findings suggesting Need for Affect avoidance and Need for Cognition may be clinically relevant for persons at escalated risk for suicide. Discussion: The PIP offers new testable propositions within ideation-to-action suicide frameworks. We end with recommendations for a research agenda to further investigate the potential validation and utility of a PIP approach to suicidology.
Sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation after zona pellucida selection
Authors: Ganeva Rumiana , Parvanov Dimitar , Velikova Denitsa , Vasileva Magdalena , Nikolova Kristina , Stamenov Georgi
Published: August 2021

Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and sperm morphological defects can negatively affect ART outcomes. Consequently, there is a need for additional semen processing technique that accounts for sperm DNA status and morphology prior to ICSI. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an additional zona pellucida adhesion-based sperm selection for obtaining sperm populations with a high percentage of normal morphology and DNA integrity as compared to native semen and routine swim-up preparation. Semen samples from 78 normozoospermic men were subjected to swim up and placed in petri dishes coated with 48 acid-solubilized zonae pellucidae. Sperm DNA fragmentation and morphology were assessed in the native semen, the swim-up samples, and the zona-adhered spermatozoa from each patient. The mean sperm DNA fragmentation of the zona-selected spermatozoa (3.5 ± 0.7%) was significantly lower than the swim-up samples (15.3 ± 5.2%) (P  < 0.001) and native semen (24.9 ± 7.1%) (P  < 0.001). All of the samples had lower levels of DNA damage after additional selection by zona pellucida adhesion. Significantly higher percentage of sperm with normal morphology was observed after zona-adhesion selection (11.4 ± 3.9%) when compared to the swim-up samples (8.9 ± 4.3%) (P  < 0.001) or the native semen (5.3 ± 3.2%) (P  < 0.001). In 94% of the samples, the percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology increased after the additional zona selection. This study demonstrates that sperm selection by additional zona-adhesion technique yields a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology as well as a significantly decreased level of DNA fragmentation when compared to the native semen and the swim-up-only prepared samples.

Lay summary

High level of DNA folding known as sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) inside each sperm and defects in the shape, size, and structure of the sperm can negatively affect assisted reproduction treatment (ART) outcomes. Consequently, there is a need for additional semen processing techniques that account for sperm quality prior to ART. Our team designed a simple technique using proteins from the coat around the egg (zona pellucida) to enhance sperm selection procedures based on natural sperm–egg interactions. Using this technique in combination with the most common techniques used in ART yields a significantly higher percentage of sperm with normal shape, size, and structure and a decreased level of DNA fragmentation. This sperm zona-selection technique would be beneficial if introduced in the ART practice to yield sperm with higher fertilization potential.
Dimensional stability of oriented strand boards with external layers made of non-strand chips: Changes in board length
Authors: Mirski Radosław , Dziurka Dorota , Derkowski Adam
Published: August 2021

The dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSB) was evaluated in terms of the changes in their length, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. Outer layers of these boards were manufactured from particles other than strand chips. The boards were exposed to an air relative humidity of 30%, 65%, or 85%. Dimensional alterations were determined separately for absorption (from 65% to 85% RH) and desorption (from 65% to 30% RH) changes. Changes in the mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated after they underwent two cycles of the conditioning process and were compared with the baseline values. The study implied that relative changes in the mechanical properties and length increased when there was a reduction in the size of chips that formed the outer layers. A linear relationship was established between the relative changes in the board length determined for the axis that was more susceptible to deformation and the modulus of elasticity. These changes were inversely proportional to the value of the modulus of elasticity.
Edible coatings for strawberry based on extracellular compounds of Humphreya coffeata
Authors: Agapito-Ocampo Alma Rosa , Amaro-Guadarrama Benjamín , Díaz-Godínez Gerardo , Acosta-Urdapilleta Ma de Lourdes , Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana , García-Hernández Edgar , Téllez-Téllez Maura
Published: August 2021

Edible coatings (EC) are a biodegradable alternative for food preservation. In this work EC based on extracellular compounds of Humphreya coffeata and pectin (PHC) were elaborated and characterized through testing on strawberries. Two PHC types were obtained (PHC1, which settled, and PHC2, which floated during the first separation). The conservation period of the strawberry and the phenol content and antioxidant activity in strawberries with the EC were determined. Four EC were prepared (EC1, EC2, EC3, and EC4), in which EC1 did not contain any PHC, EC2 contained PHC1, EC3 contained PHC2, and EC4 contained both PHCs. Three EC types (EC2, EC3, and EC4) delayed the decay of strawberries approximately 90% at 20 °C during the first 10 days of evaluation, and at 4 °C the effect was between 75 and 90% after 25 days of experimentation. However, EC3 and EC4, both of which contained PHC2, presented the best results. The content of total phenols (approximately 55 mg (gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL) and the free radical scavenging activity were 35% with ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 75% with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) in strawberries with EC. Thus, EC are an alternative for preserving strawberries without losing their antioxidant capacity.
Effects of soaking aqueous ammonia pretreatment on selected properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar (Populus trichocarpa) wood
Authors: Akus-Szylberg Florentyna , Antczak Andrzej , Zawadzki Janusz
Published: August 2021

Effects of soaking aqueous ammonia pretreatment were considered for fast-growing poplar wood in the context of bioethanol production. The milled Populus trichocarpa wood with a particle size of 0.43 to 1.02 mm was pretreated at two temperatures (50 °C and 90 °C) and two concentrations of ammonia solution (15% and 20% w/w) for 20 h. The lignin content decreased by 46% in the biomass treated with the most severe conditions. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sugar yield was analysed, and the results indicated that increased temperature and ammonia concentration during pretreatment resulted in higher glucose content. Additionally, changes in the degree of polymerization and available pore volume were investigated.
Higher bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the eastern part of Johore Causeway: Will the pattern remain the same beyond 2030?
Authors: Kong Yap Chee , Tony Peng Shih Hao , Wah Yap Chee , Siang Tan Wen , Saupi Ismail Mohamad
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to discuss Cu and Zn concentrations in Perna viridis soft tissues from the western and eastern parts of Johore Singapore Causeway. The polluted eastern portion of the Causeway had greater levels of Cu and Zn in different areas of the soft tissues of mussels than the western part. This indicated the eastern section of the semi-enclosed Causeway had higher Cu and Zn bioavailability than the western part. With some reports of high metal levels in the eastern part of the Causeway from 2015 to 2018, it is predicted that there will be a plausible constant source of anthropogenic metal contamination in the eastern part of the Causeway beyond 2030 if anthropogenic activities are not effectively controlled.
Application of Bioinformatics Algorithms for 3RO\PRUSKLF Cyberattacks Detection
Authors: Kalinin Maxim , Zegzhda Dmitry , Krundyshev Vasiliy , Lavrova Daria , Moskvin Dmitry , Pavlenko Evgeny
Published: August 2021

The functionality of any system can be represented as a set of commands that lead to a change in the state of the system. The intrusion detection problem for signature-based intrusion detection systems is equivalent to matching the sequences of operational commands executed by the protected system to known attack signatures. Various mutations in attack vectors (including replacing commands with equivalent ones, rearranging the commands and their blocks, adding garbage and empty commands into the sequence) reduce the effectiveness and accuracy of the intrusion detection. The article analyzes the existing solutions in the field of bioinformatics and considers their applicability for solving the problem of identifying polymorphic attacks by signature-based intrusion detection systems. A new approach to the detection of polymorphic attacks based on the suffix tree technology applied in the assembly and verification of the similarity of genomic sequences is discussed. The use of bioinformatics technology allows us to achieve high accuracy of intrusion detection at the level of modern intrusion detection systems (more than 0.90), while surpassing them in terms of cost-effectiveness of storage resources, speed and readiness to changes in attack vectors. To improve the accuracy indicators, a number of modifications of the developed algorithm have been carried out, as a result of which the accuracy of detecting attacks increased by up to 0.95 with the level of mutations in the sequence up to 10%. The developed approach can be used for intrusion detection both in conventional computer networks and in modern reconfigurable network infrastructures with limited resources (Internet of Things, networks of cyber-physical objects, wireless sensor networks).
A generificação dos corpos de atletas trans e políticas de biologização do sexo
Authors: Zoboli Fabio , Manske George Saliba , Galak Eduardo
Published: August 2021

Resumo: Objetivamos problematizar o esporte enquanto um dispositivo que interpela os corpos a partir de saberes biológicos e práticas biotecnológicas para a construção de gênero, sexo e sexualidade em atletas. Discutimos essas práticas em situações que envolveram tanto atletas mulheres como transexuais no cenário esportivo nacional e internacional, e os modos como se operaram testes para discernir a que categorias esses sujeitos deveriam pertencer no âmbito esportivo. Nessas situações, os recursos de categorização de sexo, em seus desdobramentos de gênero e sexualidade, foram sustentados sob a égide da biologia e das biotecnologias moleculares e gênicas. Consideramos que a biologia do corpo de atletas não deveria se colocar como recurso discursivo totalizante nas marcações identitárias desses sujeitos.
Tribuna 77 e a defesa de LGBTQI+ nos estádios
Authors: Anjos Luiza Aguiar dos
Published: August 2021

Resumo: O futebol é um esporte historicamente associado aos homens e à masculinidade cis-heteronormativa. O engajamento daqueles que não se adéquam a esse modelo faz-se, então, cercado de obstáculos. Recentemente, alguns coletivos de torcedores têm proposto alternativas às formas hegemônicas de vivência desse esporte, com vias a torná-lo menos excludente a diversos grupos, inclusive à população LGBTQI+. Neste texto de caráter descritivo, analiso os posicionamentos acerca de tal pauta por um desses grupos: a torcida gremista Tribuna 77. Utilizei como fontes uma entrevista com um de seus integrantes e as publicações realizadas em sua página no Facebook. Verifiquei que a torcida defende noções de diversidade e pluralidade partindo do pressuposto de que esses valores são inerentes a uma ‘cultura de Grêmio’, argumento especialmente endossado pelo pregresso acolhimento a uma torcida gay, a Coligay.
Terapia ocupacional e adolescentes autores de ato infracional: mapeamento de produções
Authors: Oliveira Renata Hoeflich Damaso de , Malfitano Ana Paula Serrata
Published: August 2021

Resumo Introdução Os terapeutas ocupacionais são profissionais que podem desenvolver ações direcionadas aos adolescentes autores de ato infracional, contudo, esta prática ainda é pouco debatida. Objetivo Identificar a produção da literatura científica, especificamente em artigos de periódicos indexados, acerca da terapia ocupacional e ações com adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Método Revisão de escopo da literatura, com busca em seis diferentes bases de dados, além de diretórios em quatro revistas brasileiras de terapia ocupacional, utilizando termos referentes à profissão e correlatos à temática. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultaram 13 artigos que especificavam relações entre a terapia ocupacional e práticas com adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Resultados Foram elencadas três temáticas para discussão: 1. As diferentes terapias ocupacionais no tempo e espaço; 2. Marcos de referência e modelos de intervenção; 3. Terapia ocupacional como clínica da saúde ou como ação social. A prática do terapeuta ocupacional neste contexto ainda é pouco difundida, sendo que se utiliza de diferentes marcos de referência e modelos de intervenção, majoritariamente sob princípios utilizados na atenção à saúde, apesar de também haver relatos da ação profissional voltada ao contexto macrossocial que envolve os adolescentes. Conclusão Compreende-se que uma maior difusão das reflexões e práticas profissionais junto a adolescentes no sistema de socioeducação contribuiria significativamente para um repensar contínuo acerca da especificidade do terapeuta ocupacional nesta área, fortalecendo também o seu reconhecimento como profissional constituinte e contribuinte para a área da justiça juvenil.
Anthelmintic effect of four extracts obtained from Caesalpinia coriaria foliage against the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Rojas-Morales Diana , Cubides-Cárdenas Jaime , Montenegro Andrea Constanza , Martínez Carlos Alberto , Ortíz-Cuadros Ronnal , Rios-de Álvarez Leyla
Published: August 2021

Abstract To investigate the in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of dividivi (Caesalpinia coriaria), a traditional medicinal plant used in Central America and the northern part of South America, extracts from the foliage of this plant were subjected to the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT), against Haemonchus contortus. Four different extracts were evaluated: acetone-water (AW), methanol-water (MW), acetone-water-dichloromethane (AWD) and methanol-water-dichloromethane (MWD). The concentrations used for the EHT and LEIT tests ranged from 500 to 4000 µg mL-1 and six repetitions per concentration. The effective concentrations (EC50) were calculated using Probit analysis. The EC50 for EHT were 2947.0, 3347.0, 3959.6 and 4538.7 µg mL-1 for MWD, MW, AW and AWD, respectively. The EC50 for LEIT were 2883.4, 5927.4, 9876.3 and 9955.4 µg mL-1 for AWD, AW, MWD and MW, respectively. The methanol extracts were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of eggs, while the acetone extracts showed efficacy in inhibiting larval exsheathment. This study explains the importance that C. coriaria has as a medicinal plant in Central and South American countries.
Global Banking and Firm Financing: A Double Adverse Selection Channel of International Transmission
Authors: Shen Leslie
Published: August 2021

This paper proposes a "double adverse selection channel" of international transmission. It shows, theoretically and empirically, that financial systems with both global and local banks exhibit double adverse selection in credit allocation across firms. Global (local) banks have a comparative advantage in extracting information on global (local) risk, and this double information asymmetry creates a segmented credit market where each bank lends to the worst firms in terms of the unobserved risk factor. Given a bank funding (e.g., monetary policy) shock, double adverse selection affects firm financing at the extensive and price margins, generating spillover and amplification effects across countries.
Carta a nossa época: Covid-19, políticas públicas e corpos em risco
Authors: De Alvarenga Filho José Rodrigues , Anselmé Clara , Sanglard Heitor , Lombardi Izabella
Published: August 2021

Nosso ensaio, escrito como uma carta direcionada a nossa época, tem por objetivo levantar algumas interrogações sobre o tema das políticas públicas em meio a pandemia de covid-19.  Problematizamos se o maior perigo de nosso tempo é a doença que tira a vida de milhares e nos confina em casa, produzindo inseguranças sobre o viver coletivo, ou nossos estilos de vida destruidores da natureza. Para o desenvolvimento de nossa narrativa, política e metodologicamente composta como uma carta-manifesto, nos apoiamos na obra de diferentes autores e experimentamos a escrita coletiva, mesmo à distância, como uma forma de habitar as dores e as instabilidades de nosso existir confinado. Apontamos, ao final, nossa aposta nas políticas públicas enquanto potencializadoras de estratégias e práticas coletivas de resistência em meio à intensificação da agenda neoliberal e os riscos advindos da pandemia enquanto acontecimento político-sanitário. Por fim, pensamos na resistência enquanto àquilo que, em meio às capturas do capital, escapa por entre os dedos dos controles feito o correr da água entre as pedras
La estructura literaria del libro de Jueces
Authors: Boskamp Karl , Caffarelli Mariano , Mammana Martín , Segovia Iván
Published: August 2021

En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis de la estructura del libro de Jueces como una unidad integral, adoptando un enfoque sincrónico. Con este objetivo, se comparan las distintas propuestas que abarcan la estructura del libro, ya sea en forma parcial o total. Luego, se procede a identificar los vínculos lingüísticos y temáticos existentes entre las diferentes partes de Jueces, a fin de elaborar una propuesta estructural unificada que refleje los tópicos teológicos más relevantes. Como resultado del análisis, se propone no sólo que efectivamente Jueces posee una estructura elaborada, sino que el centro de dicha estructura señala como un punto focal el relato de Abimélec, el cual se constituye como una historia paradigmática que funciona como el punto de inflexión de la estructura.