bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effect of isotopically labeled or structural analog internal standards on the performance of a LC-MS/MS method to determine ciclosporin A, everolimus, sirolimus and tacrolimus in whole blood
Authors: Valbuena Henar , Shipkova Maria , Kliesch Sophie-Maria , Müller Simon , Wieland Eberhard
Published: August 2015

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is routinely used for analysis of immunosuppressive drugs. This study investigated whether replacing analog internal standards (ANISs) with isotopically labeled internal standards (ILISs) has an impact on the performance of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of tacrolimus (TAC), sirolimus (SIR), ciclosporin A (CsA) and everolimus (EVE) in whole blood.

Following hemolysis, protein precipitation, and extraction with either ANISs (ascomycin, desmethoxy-rapamycin, CsD), or ILISs (TAC-

Within-day imprecision was <10%, between-day <8%, and trueness 91%–110% for all the analytes with both ISs. No carryover or matrix effects were observed. The median accuracy was −2.1% for CsA, 9.1% for EVE, 12.2% for SIR, and −1.2% for TAC with the ILISs; and −2% for CsA, 9.8% for EVE, 11.4% for SIR, and 0.2% for TAC with the ANISs. Results of patient and proficiency testing samples were not statistically different.

: Although ILISs are generally considered superior to ANISs, they may not be always essential. When optimizing a LC-MS/MS method other factors must be also considered.
Repression and Moral Reasoning: An Outline of a New Approach in Ethical Understanding
Authors: Nykänen Hannes
Published: August 2015

The aim of the paper is to show that moral reasoning is not really reasoning in the sense usually assumed in moral philosophy. Instead, moral reasoning is one aspect of repressing conscience. The formal dimensions of moral reasoning function as a repressive depersonalisation of our sense of being an I who stands in a relationship to a you. For instance, “moral principle” invokes a formal and hence impersonal understanding of a moral problem. The thinking person loses her sense of being a particular person related to another particular person and focuses instead on the moral principles with their inherent, systematic implications. However, and as I will show in connection to so-called moral dilemmas, the thinking person does not actually act in the rational manner that is presupposed by reasoning. Instead, moral reasoning will reveal itself as a discourse for repressing conscience. Part of the aim of the paper is to show that, contrary to what is generally assumed, repression is a morally related phenomenon that arises as a result of a person’s difficulties with acknowledging the character of a moral difficulty; an acknowledgement that is an essential aspect of moral understanding.
Aarhus Lectures – Third Lecture: The Prospects of Schelling’s Critique of Hegel
Authors: Gabriel Markus
Published: August 2015

This is the third Aarhus lecture by Markus Gabriel submitted by editor in chief Brock Steen.
On Sensitivity and Disability: Political Consumerism, Social-Political Entrepreneurship and Social Justice
Authors: Shamir Omri
Published: August 2015

Why do entrepreneurs choose to use consumer power as an alternative political channel in order to create social and political change? What are the conditions that lead them to adopt this strategy? The main purpose of this article is to offer a theoretical framework to discuss political consumerism strategy used by social entrepreneurs, those who seek to influence political norms in society, the conduct of the business market, and the shaping of public policy. The theoretical model, which this article intends to propose, is based on the new institutional approach (Neo-Institutionalism) and on the principles of the rational choice theory. The article suggests an explanatory variable in the form of political consumerism as an alternative means for political participation (alternative politics), which is influenced by structural, political, economic, and cultural conditions as well as by rational cost-benefit calculations made by entrepreneurs. For an empirical study of the proposed theoretical framework, the article analyzes two campaigns where the entrepreneurs employed political consumerism as a primary action strategy to promote issues related to social justice as institutional changes in Israel. The first of these was the campaign launched by the “
Evaluation of Patient Discomfort at the Palatal Donor Site Following Free Gingival Graft Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Eltas Abubekir , Dengizek Eltas Şeydanur , Uslu Mustafa Özay , Ersöz Mustafa
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on patients’ discomfort of four different protective methods for donor sites after free gingival graft (FGG) surgery. Materials and methods. This study compared the effects of four different covering methods on discomfort (pain, chewing, speaking, appearance) of patients at the donor site. This study included 4 groups: Group A, periodontal dressing (PD); group B, Essix retainer, group C, modified Essix retainer and group D, modified Hawley retainer. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure the experienced discomfort. Results. The mean VAS scores for pain were higher in group A compared to those in groups with retainers for both assessments, but there was only statistically significance at T1 (P>0.05). While bleeding was significantly more common in group A than in the other groups at T1 (after one week) and T2 (after two week) (P<0.05), the differences between groups B, C, and D were not significant (P>0.05). The present study showed that speaking and appearance VAS scores in the PD group were lower than those in groups with retainers (P<0.05). Conclusion. The complaints about the donor site after FGG surgery might decrease with the use of coverage techniques.
A Sinus Tract Following Prosthodontic Treatment with a Dental Implant: A Case Report
Authors: Alikhasi Marzieh , Soleimani  Shayesteh Yadollah , Beyabanaki Elaheh , Khojasteh Arash
Published: August 2015

This article describes the cause of a sinus tract developed four years after implant-supported prosthodontic treatment. The sinus tract and pain appeared to be associated with an accidentally embedded piece of condensation silicone impression material. The residual material was removed by a simple surgical incision. Clinicians should be aware of the odds of this event and take it into consideration whenever there is a similar postoperative problem.
Comparative Assessment of a Standard Oral Hygiene Regimen with and without Mouthwash and Related Clinical Findings over a 14-day Period
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Amid Reza , Zarnegarnia Parisa , Mollaverdi Fatemeh , Safi Yaser , Eslami Manouchehri Maryam
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a standard oral hygiene routine (daily tooth brushing and flossing) along with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash in comparison to the same protocol without mouthwash in chronic periodontitis patients during a 14-day period. Materials and methods. This comparative study was carried out or 50 non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis; 25 patients followed an oral hygiene regimen using a toothbrush and dental floss (control group) and the remaining 25 used the mentioned protocol along with CPC mouthwash (test group) for 14 days. The plaque index (PI), modified gingival index (MGI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were assessed. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate and compare the prevalence of indices between the two groups. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. The results showed greater improvement of MGI in the test group (P=0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in PI (P=0.47) and PPD (P=0.43) between the two groups. Conclusion. Adding mouthwash to a standard oral hygiene regimen may improve some clinical gingival parameters when compared with an oral hygiene routine without a mouthwash
Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Full-mouth Root Planing in the Treatment of Periodontitis Assessed by Real-time PCR: A Microbiological and Clinical Study
Authors: Chitsazi Mohammad Taghi , Shirmohammadi Adileh , Shirmohammadi Masoud , Kashefimehr Atabak , Ghasemi Vadood
Published: August 2015

Background and aims. The aim of this investigation was to compare clinical and microbiological effectiveness of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of periodontitis. Materials and methods. Twenty-four subjects (14 women and 10 men) diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing (SRP). One tooth in each quadrant (probing depth >4 mm) was selected for combined PDT and SRP (PDT group) with the contralateral tooth (SRP group), as a control site (SRP-treated site). Clinical assessment was carried out at baseline and 1 and 3 month later. Microbial assessment was carried out by real-time PCR. Periodontal probing depth (PPD) was considered as the primary outcome. Results. Baseline PPDs were 4.86±0.77 and 4.04±0.65 in the SRP and PDT groups, respectively (P>0.05), which decreased to 3.65±0.58 in the SRP and 3.86±0.56 in the PDT groups after one month and to 3.20±0.68 in the SRP and 3.34±0.56 in the PDT groups three months later. Although values decreased significantly in both groups after one (P=0.001 in the SRP and P=0.001 in the PDT groups) and three months (P=0.001 in the SRP and P=0.001 in the PDT groups) the inter-group differences were not significant after one (P=0.25) and three months (P=0.51). Clinical measurements showed significant decreases after one and three months at both sites, without inter-group differences, except for bleeding on probing after one (P=0.004) and three months (P=0.0001). Conclusion. Subgingival application of PDT combined with scaling and root planing could not improve clinical and microbiological results.
Papillary Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Mutha Rakesh , Mutha Pooja , Dani Nitin
Published: August 2015

The loss of the papilla can lead to cosmetic deformities, phonetic problems and lateral food impaction. Several reasons contribute to the loss of interdental papillae and the establishment of "black triangles" between teeth. In 1996, Han and Takei proposed a novel approach based on the use of a semi-lunar incision placed in the alveolar mucosa of the interdental area. The present case report, utilizing their approach, showed that within limits papillary reconstruction is achievable.
Test-Retest Reliability and Validity of the Malay Version Life Habits Assessment (LIFE-H 3.1) to Measure Social Participation in Adults With Physical Disabilities
Authors: Goh Hui-Ting , Ramachandram Kavithah , Ahmad-Fauzi Aishah , Subamanian Pathmawati
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose:

Social participation restriction is a common barrier encountered by older adults and individuals with physical disabilities. To best direct the limited resource to support social services for individuals with disability, there is a need to objectively measure social participation restriction. A number of tools to measure levels of social participation are available, but none of them has been translated into the Malay language. This cross-sectional study examined the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Life Habits Assessment (LIFE-H 3.1) that had been translated and culturally adapted to the Malay language.

Methods:

Seventy-five individuals with physical disabilities (age, mean [standard deviation] = 58 [10] years; 49 males) participated in this study. Participants were interviewed twice with the Malay version LIFE-H 3.1, approximately 1 week apart. The Barthel Index (BI) and the World Health Organization Assessment of Quality of Life-Brief version (WHOQoL-BREF) were administered in the first interview as well. Intraclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman Bias D were used to examine test-retest reliability. The Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to quantify the correlation between the Malay version LIFE-H 3.1 and the BI and the WHOQoL-BREF, respectively, to examine the concurrent validity of the Malay version LIFE-H 3.1. Furthermore, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated.

Results:

The Malay version LIFE-H 3.1 had excellent test-retest reliability as evidenced by good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (0.71-0.95) and minimal Bland-Altman biases (0.01-0.12). The correlations between the Malay version LIFE-H 3.1 and the BI were fair to good (r = 0.28-0.69). The correlations between the Malay version LIFE-H 3.1 and the WHOQoL-BREF were weak to fair, ranging from 0.02 to 0.57.

Conclusions:

The Malay version LIFE-H 3.1 demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability and satisfactory validity. This questionnaire is an appropriate tool to assess social participation in rehabilitation for native Malay language speakers.
Mixing Mechanism and Evaluation of the Dispersion Effect of a 3D Dynamic Mixer
Authors: Jiang Zhaohui , Guo Zengge , Jia Zhao , Wang Jing , Pu Congcong , Xiao Changfa , Jin Jian
Published: August 2015

For homogeneous mixing of a polymer melt and micro/nano-inorganic particles, the researchers in our group developed a three-dimensional dynamic mixer with comprehensive effects of dispersion and distribution. To evaluate the distributive mixing effect, the expressions of diversion number and mixing degree were deduced according to the structure parameters of the mixer. To further investigate the diversion state of the melt and its velocity field in the mixer, this process was simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) software. In a pilot study, the working curves of the mixer were plotted according to the actual running state. Among other things, the pressure drop before and after mixing is discussed. This is helpful for formulating an extensional flow field and relevant to the dispersive mixing effect. Through laboratory and industrialized scale experiments it was determined with either very high or very low additions of inorganic particles, that the mixer can provide uniform and ultrafine dispersions.
Investigation of Austenite Evolution in Low-Carbon Steel by Combining Thermo-Mechanical Simulation and EBSD Data
Authors: Weyand Stephan , Britz Dominik , Rupp Daniel , Mücklich Frank
Published: August 2015

The thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble 3800 was used in combination with the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique to analyze the austenite microstructure evolution during hot deformation in a low-carbon, microalloyed steel. The parent austenite grain structure was automatically reconstructed from EBSD datasets by applying the commercially available ARPGE software [Cayron, C., Artaud, B., and Briottet, L., “Reconstruction of Parent Grains from EBSD Data,” Mater. Charact., Vol. 57, Nos. 4–5, 2006, pp. 386–401]. The work aims at two aspects: the ability to quantify the austenite evolution depending on different process parameters, and the validation of the EBSD reconstruction software ARPGE to evaluate the accuracy of reconstruction and demonstrating the application in low-carbon steels. For these steels, the conventional metallographic methods like Bechet-Beaujard [Bechet, S. and Beaujard, L., “Nouveau réactif pour la mise en évidence micrographique du grain austénitique des aciers trempés ou trempés-revenus,” Rev. Met., 1955] are limited and not reproducible in determining the former austenite. The presented approach provides an attractive alternative. In this context, hot compression tests were performed on cylindrical samples using a Gleeble 3800 simulator to create defined austenite conditions. The samples were rapidly quenched after processing to preserve the austenite microstructure. The obtained bainitic/martensitic microstructure is an essential precondition for the reconstruction procedure. For the validation of the results, correlative measurements using classical metallographic techniques and ARPGE data were performed to check the reliability of the reconstruction. The results obtained in this study provide a direct correlation of the microstructure simulation by Gleeble and the austenite microstructure evolution during processing of low-carbon steels. Especially, austenite grain-growth phenomena and grain refinement could be successfully observed and quantified. Furthermore, the measurements show that even on large EBSD maps (1000 μm × 1000 μm), the shape of the austenite grains are calculated with good accuracy.
Mechanisms Leading to Rhythm Cessation in the Respiratory PreBötzinger Complex Due to Piecewise Cumulative Neuronal Deletions
Authors: Song Hanbing , Hayes John A. , Vann Nikolas C. , Drew LaMar M. , Del Negro Christopher A.
Published: August 2015

The mammalian breathing rhythm putatively originates from Dbx1-derived interneurons in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the ventral medulla. Cumulative deletion of ∼15% of Dbx1 preBötC neurons in anin vitrobreathing model stops rhythmic bursts of respiratory-related motor output. Here we assemblein silicomodels of preBötC networks using random graphs for structure, and ordinary differential equations for dynamics, to examine the mechanisms responsible for the loss of spontaneous respiratory rhythm and motor output measured experimentallyin vitro. Model networks subjected to cellular ablations similarly discontinue functionality. However, our analyses indicate that model preBötC networks remain topologically intact even after rhythm cessation, suggesting that dynamics coupled with structural properties of the underlying network are responsible for rhythm cessation. Simulations show that cumulative cellular ablations diminish the number of neurons that can be recruited to spike per unit time. When the recruitment rate drops below 1 neuron/ms the network stops spontaneous rhythmic activity. Neurons that play pre-eminent roles in rhythmogenesis include those that commence spiking during the quiescent phase between respiratory bursts and those with a high number of incoming synapses, which both play key roles in recruitment, i.e., recurrent excitation leading to network bursts. Selectively ablating neurons with many incoming synapses impairs recurrent excitation and stops spontaneous rhythmic activity and motor output with lower ablation tallies compared with random deletions. This study provides a theoretical framework for the operating mechanism of mammalian central pattern generator networks and their susceptibility to loss-of-function in the case of disease or neurodegeneration.
Morphological and Phagocytic Profile of Microglia in the Developing Rat Cerebellum
Authors: Perez-Pouchoulen Miguel , VanRyzin Jonathan W. , McCarthy Margaret M.
Published: August 2015

Microglia are being increasingly recognized as playing important roles in neurodevelopment. The cerebellum matures postnatally, undergoing major growth, but the role of microglia in the developing cerebellum is not well understood. Using the laboratory rat we quantified and morphologically categorized microglia throughout the vermis and across development using a design-based unbiased stereology method. We found that microglial morphology changed from amoeboid to ramified during the first 3 postnatal weeks in a region specific manner. These morphological changes were accompanied by the sudden appearance of phagocytic cups during the third postnatal week from P17 to P19, with an approximately fourfold increase compared with the first week, followed by a prompt decline at the end of the third week. The microglial phagocytic cups were significantly higher in the granular layer (∼69%) than in the molecular layer (ML; ∼31%) during a 3 d window, and present on ∼67% of microglia with thick processes and ∼33% of microglia with thin processes. Similar proportions of phagocytic cups associated to microglia with either thick or thin processes were found in the ML. We observed cell nuclei fragmentation and cleaved caspase-3 expression within some microglial phagocytic cups, presumably from dying granule neurons. At P17 males showed an approximately twofold increase in microglia with thin processes compared with females. Our findings indicate a continuous process of microglial maturation and a nonuniform distribution of microglia in the cerebellar cortex that implicates microglia as an important cellular component of the developing cerebellum.
Novel somatic mutations and distinct molecular signature in aldosterone-producing adenomas
Authors: Åkerström Tobias , Willenberg Holger Sven , Cupisti Kenko , Ip Julian , Backman Samuel , Moser Ana , Maharjan Rajani , Robinson Bruce , Iwen K Alexander , Dralle Henning , D Volpe Cristina , Bäckdahl Martin , Botling Johan , Stålberg Peter , Westin Gunnar , Walz Martin K , Lehnert Hendrik , Sidhu Stan , Zedenius Jan , Björklund Peyman , Hellman Per
Published: August 2015

Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are found in 1.5–3.0% of hypertensive patients in primary care and can be cured by surgery. Elucidation of genetic events may improve our understanding of these tumors and ultimately improve patient care. Approximately 40% of APAs harbor a missense mutation in the KCNJ5 gene. More recently, somatic mutations in CACNA1D, ATP1A1 and ATP2B3, also important for membrane potential/intracellular Ca2+ regulation, were observed in APAs. In this study, we analyzed 165 APAs for mutations in selected regions of these genes. We then correlated mutational findings with clinical and molecular phenotype using transcriptome analysis, immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative PCR. Somatic mutations in CACNA1D in 3.0% (one novel mutation), ATP1A1 in 6.1% (six novel mutations) and ATP2B3 in 3.0% (two novel mutations) were detected. All observed mutations were located in previously described hotspot regions. Patients with tumors harboring mutations in CACNA1D, ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 were operated at an older age, were more often male and had tumors that were smaller than those in patients with KCNJ5 mutated tumors. Microarray transcriptome analysis segregated KCNJ5 mutated tumors from ATP1A1/ATP2B3 mutated tumors and those without mutation. We observed significant transcription upregulation of CYP11B2, as well as the previously described glomerulosa-specific gene NPNT, in ATP1A1/ATP2B3 mutated tumors compared to KCNJ5 mutated tumors. In summary, we describe novel somatic mutations in proteins regulating the membrane potential/intracellular Ca2+ levels, and also a distinct mRNA and clinical signature, dependent on genetic alteration.
Influence of skills’ training methodic with the application of interdisciplinary connections on motor fitness of senior pupils in light athletic
Authors: Al-Ravashdeh Abdel Baset , Kozina Zh.L. , Bazilyuk T.A. , Ilnickaya A.S.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: determination of influence of technologies of motor and intellectual aspects’ impact on process of basic light athletic movements’ development. Material: in the research 2 groups of pupils participated: control (n = 22 -girls, n=34 - boys) and experimental (n = 21 - girls and n=34 - boys). Results: we have shown comparison of basic light athletic movements and movements in wildlife. We compared movements in sports with their physical analogues. Main characteristics of basic movements in light athletic have been defined. Methodic of rising of theoretical knowledge level about light athletic exercises has been presented. Conclusions: it is recommended to apply complex methodic of motor actions’ training. The methodic combines practical trainings with theoretical knowledge about main laws of movements in wildlife.
Interconnection of speed, power and speed-power abilities of professional hockey players on ice and out of ice
Authors: Zankovets V.E. , Popov V.P.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: determination of correlation’s degree between speed, power and speed-power abilities of professional hockey players on ice and out of ice. Material: 65 professional hockey players of age from 16 to 33 years old were tested. 75 highly qualified coaches were questioned. Results: The found out interconnections between 11 indicators of speed, power and speed power qualities supplement knowledge about transfer physical qualities. We detected high interconnection between speed and speed-power abilities, manifested by sportsmen in exercises on ice and on land. We registered moderate level of interconnection between static (absolute) power and speed abilities of hockey players. We proved hypothesis about possibility of start speed (power) transfer in different conditions of its manifestation. Conclusions: the received data permit to correct hockey players’ training program, considering new knowledge about transfer of one or the other physical qualities on sportsmen’s training.
Assessment of functional, coordination and power fitness of 7-8 form boys
Authors: Ivashchenko Olga , Yermakova Tetiana
Published: August 2015

Purpose: determination of informative indicators of 7-8 form boys’ motor and functional fitness. Material: in the research 24 pupils of 7 th form and 35 pupils of 8 th form participated. For assessment of functional and motor fitness test of Shtange, Genchi, Serkin and motor tests were conducted. Results: Analysis witnesses that be results of testing between boys of 7 th and 8 th dorm there are statistically confident differences by most of indicators (p-0.05:0.001). By functioning of respiratory and blood circulation systems 7-8 form boy pupils were assessed as healthy-not trained. Conclusions: structural coefficients of canonic discriminant function witness that the function is connected to the largest extent with variables. So, substantial difference between 7 th for pupils and 8 th form pupils was observed in condition of motor abilities: speed-power, coordination of movements and strength itself.
Connection of boxers’ combat styles with psycho-physiological characteristics
Authors: Korobeynikov G.V. , Aksutin V.V. , Smoliar I.I.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: By dominating physical characteristics boxers’ combat styles are divided into “strongmen”, “paced in hold” and “players”. However, connection of combat style with psycho-physiological characteristics of elite boxers has been remained not determined. Material: in the research 28 elite sportsmen (master of sports and international masters of sports) participated. Psycho-physiological characteristics were studied with the help of hardware and software psycho-diagnostic complex “Multi-psycho-meter 05”. Results: it was found that attacking combat style is accompanied by presence of high workability, reduced tiredness and anxiety, presence of psychological comfort. It was also found that defensive combat style is characterized by better quickness and processing of information. It happens at the account of worsening of qualitative characteristics: efficiency and effectiveness. We also detected presence of more rigid organization of psycho-physiological status of boxers, having attacking combat style (strongmen) in comparison with boxers of defensive style (players and paced in hold).
Factorial analysis of tennis players’ psychological and technical-tactic fitness at the stage of specialized basic training
Authors: Makuts T.B. , Vysochina N.L.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: to determine the structure of tennis players’ psychological and technical-tactic fitness with principle component method. Material: 24 tennis players of 14-15 years’ age participated in the researches. For determination of personal psychological features of junior tennis players we used the following methodic: by Dembo-Rubinstein (testing of self-assessment), by Burdon-Anfimov (attention), by G. Ayzenk (type of temper), by T. Elers (motivation, Spilberg - Khanin (level of anxiety). Results: we have determined the structure of tennis players’ psychological and technical tactic fitness at stage of specialized basic training. For psychological fitness we found five factors, for technical-tactic - three factors. High level of inter-factorial connections was observed only in structure of technical-tactic fitness. We did not detect significant connections between five factors of psychological fitness. Conclusions: the determined features of factorial structure of tennis players’ fitness can be used for planning of psychological training programs and learning-training process of junior players.
Characteristics of physical loads endured by military officers of mechanized troops during field maneuvres
Authors: Shlyamar I.L. , Yaworsky A.I. , Romanchuk S.V. , Petruk A.P. , Dzyama V.V. , Romaniv I.V. , Vorontsov A.S.
Published: August 2015

Purpose: observation over influence of physical loads on military officers in process of acquiring and mastering of military applied skills during field maneuvers. Material: in experiment 120 military officers of 20-25 years old age with equal physical fitness participated. Results: it was determined that in period of field maneuvers the greatest load was endured by military officers in attack exercises and on the march. The least physical loads were in period of organization and fulfillment of combat shooting. It was also established that main part of motor actions was fulfilled in aerobic mode. Military officers’ functioning in field maneuvers was accompanied by heart beats rate of 120-150 b.p.m. and 60-90 b.p.m. during long time. Conclusions: We offered to practice physical training of mechanized units’ military officers in modes, close to field ones.
Assessment of functional, coordination and power fitness of 7-8 form boys
Authors: Najafi Abdolrahman , Shakerian Saeid , Habibi Abdolhamid , Shabani Mehrzad , Fatemi Rouholah
Published: August 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare some anthropometric, body composition indexes and VO2max of Ahvaz elite soccer players of different playing positions. Material : Participants were 60 male soccer players (age 24.31±4.20 years) from 4 teams in the two highest divisions in Iran. The sample included 8 goalkeepers, 18 defenders, 20 midfielders and 14 strikers. Anthropometric variables of subjects (height, weight and BMI) and body composition (%BF) were measured. Skinfold thickness measurements were taken using Harpenden skinfold calipers at three sites (triceps, subscapular and abdominal) and the VO2max of the subjects was estimated by participation in a multi-stage 20m shuttle-run test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey testes were used for possible differences in test variables between different player positions. Results : Results revealed that the goalkeepers were significantly (p-0.05) the tallest, heaviest and had lower VO2max than another positions. Beside the midfielders had significantly (p-0.05) higher VO2max than the goalkeepers. Also, no difference in estimated body fat percentage and BMI was observed between players of all positions. Discussion: Thus, it can be concluded that anthropometric and physiological differences are exist among soccer players who play in different positions. These differences fit with their different workload in a game. Therefore, programs must be include specific sessions for each positional role.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RHYTHM IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM FOR ATHLETES AND TEACHING STAFF
Authors: Aftimichuk Olga
Published: August 2015

Background . Rhythm is important for the implementation of all processes as in nature and in living organisms. It organizes motor human activity making it more productive and rational. On teaching working and sports motions the process of the impellent work correct rhythm assimilation plays an important role because it determines the movement performance optimum that is shown in its automation process reduction. As a result, man’s physical strength and nervous energy are saved. Rhythm category acquires a special status for the physical training specialist. All his activity including the motor component depends on the rhythm. The aim of the research is to study the physiology of rhythm and justify the more efficient training process for future teachers and coaches. Methods . The following theoretical research methods were used: the abstract and axiomatic methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, idealization, comparison and generalization. Results. As a result of study of materials from the natural sciences, numerology, psychology, music, cybernetics, synergetic, physiology, was found that the change of different states, as in nature and in living organisms, is an undulating rhythmic character. Physiological basis of the same rhythm is dynamic change excitation and inhibition processes occurring in the central nervous system. In this paper features of rhythm were identified. To accelerate the assimilation of motor action rational rhythm it is necessary to develop a sense of rhythm which is successfully formed in during the musical-motor activities. Conclusions. For today the study of the rhythm phenomenon in professional preparation on physical education and sport, in our opinion, requires the further study. Adding exercises involving certain motor skills elements similar in rhythmic structure with professional and technical actions to the coaches and teachers education and the competitive technology formation should be indisputable.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG FEMALE BASEBALL PLAYERS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBE
Authors: Dalwinder Singh , Gaurav Dureja , Dolly Dr.
Published: August 2015

Purpose : The present study was conducted to determine the emotional intelligence among Indian female baseball players. Material : For the purpose of present study, two hundred (N=200) senior national female baseball players were selected through purposive sampling technique from different regions of India. They were selected from four different regions: A (North region baseball players=50), B (East region baseball players=50), C (West region baseball players=50) and D (South region baseball players=50). To collect the required data for the present study, the questionnaire developed by Hyde et al. (2001) on emotional intelligence was administered. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the entire regions. Where ‘F’ values were found significant, LSD (Least Significant Difference) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : Significant differences were observed among North, East, West and South regions female baseball players on the sub-parameters; empathy, self-development, value orientation and on the parameter Emotional Intelligence (Total). No significant differences were noticed on the sub-parameters; self-awareness, self-motivation, emotional stability, managing relations, integrity, commitment and altruistic behaviour. Conclusion: The outcome of results might be due to the fact that East region female baseball players are able to pay attention to the worries and concerns of others, can listen to someone without the urge to say something, can stay focused under pressure, are able to handle multiple demands and able to identify and separate their emotions.
Study of the Efficiency of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems on the Basis of Electric Double Layer Capacitor and Accumulator
Authors: Karabanov Sergey M. , Karabanov Andrey S. , Suvorov Dmitriy V. , Gololobov Gennadiy P. , Slivkin Evgeniy V.
Published: August 2015

Currently the improvement of stand-alone PV power systems characteristics, including increase of their service life is the actual direction of ground solar power development. The analysis of stand-alone PV power systems efficiency with the use of ultra capacitors is carried out by the means of mathematical modeling. The obtained data shows that the use of ultra capacitors as additional short-term energy storage devices in stand-alone PV power systems contributes to considerable increase of storage batteries lifetime and the total system operating time.
Assessment of disinfection of hospital surfaces using different monitoring methods
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Menis , Andrade Denise de , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Almeida Margarete Teresa Gottardo de , Guerra Odanir Garcia , Santos Junior Aires Garcia dos
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to assess the efficiency of cleaning/disinfection of surfaces of an Intensive Care Unit.METHOD: descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach conducted over the course of four weeks. Visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological indicators were used to indicate cleanliness/disinfection. Five surfaces (bed rails, bedside tables, infusion pumps, nurses' counter, and medical prescription table) were assessed before and after the use of rubbing alcohol at 70% (w/v), totaling 160 samples for each method. Non-parametric tests were used considering statistically significant differences at p<0.05.RESULTS: after the cleaning/disinfection process, 87.5, 79.4 and 87.5% of the surfaces were considered clean using the visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analyses, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the disapproval rates after the cleaning process considering the three assessment methods; the visual inspection was the least reliable.CONCLUSION: the cleaning/disinfection method was efficient in reducing microbial load and organic matter of surfaces, however, these findings require further study to clarify aspects related to the efficiency of friction, its frequency, and whether or not there is association with other inputs to achieve improved results of the cleaning/disinfection process.
Programmed home visits by nursing professionals to older adults: prevention or treatment?
Authors: Dios-Guerra Caridad , Carmona-Torres Juan Manuel , Ruíz-Gándara África , Muñoz-Alonso Adoración , Rodríguez-Borrego María-Aurora
Published: August 2015

OBJETIVOS: conocer la repercusión de la visita domiciliaria de los profesionales en enfermería a personas de 65 años o más, pluripatológicas, en morbimortalidad.MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo caso-control por auditoria de historias clínicas. Muestreo aleatorio. Variables principales morbilidad, mortalidad; descriptivas: visitas de la enfermera, filiación, datos clínicos y socio sanitarios. Análisis por medidas de tendencia central, dispersión, posición, tabulación, frecuencias relativas, absolutas; no paramétricas, contrastes χ2; Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney.RESULTADOS: se estudiaron a 1743 pacientes, de ellos 199 recibieron visita domiciliaria; la edad media de quien recibe visita es de 81,99 años; estos presentan mayor número de patologías de media 3,76; habitan en domicilio particular, si bien en conjunto presentan más institucionalización que los controles; el 50% no tiene identificado el Cuidador Principal; es mayor el número de visitas de las enfermeras a los pacientes que viven en residencias (p < 0,001). El 50% de casos no tiene plan de cuidados, con relación significativa (p < 0,001). No existen diferencias significativas en tiempo de vida entre los casos y los controles.CONCLUSIÓN: la visita domiciliaria del profesional en enfermería no repercute en la morbimortalidad; visita a los pacientes cuando ya ha aparecido el problema de salud, no hay datos de prevención.
A Path Analysis of Latino Parental, Teenager and Cultural Variables in Teenagers' Sexual Attitudes, Norms, Self-Efficacy, and Sexual Intentions
Authors: Gaioso Vanessa Pirani , Villarruel Antonia Maria , Wilson Lynda Anne , Azuero Andres , Childs Gwendolyn Denice , Davies Susan Lane
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to test a theoretical model based on the Parent-Based Expansion of the Theory of Planned Behavior examining relation between selected parental, teenager and cultural variables and Latino teenagers' intentions to engage in sexual behavior.METHOD: a cross-sectional correlational design based on a secondary data analysis of 130 Latino parent and teenager dyads.RESULTS: regression and path analysis procedures were used to test seven hypotheses and the results demonstrated partial support for the model. Parent familism and knowledge about sex were significantly associated with parents' attitudes toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Parent Latino acculturation was negatively associated with parents' self-efficacy toward sexual communication with their teenagers and positevely associated with parents' subjective norms toward sexual communication with their teenagers. Teenager knowledge about sex was significantly associated with higher levels of teenagers' attitudes and subjective norms about sexual communication with parents. Only the predictor of teenagers' attitudes toward having sex in the next 3 months was significantly associated with teenagers' intentions to have sex in the next 3 months.CONCLUSION: the results of this study provide important information to guide future research that can inform development of interventions to prevent risky teenager sexual behavior among Latinos.
Presence and extent of the primary health care attributes among children hospitalized for pneumonia
Authors: Pina Juliana Coelho , Moraes Suzana Alves de , Furtado Maria Cândida de Carvalho , Mello Débora Falleiros de
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the presence and extent of the primary health care attributes among children hospitalized for pneumonia.METHOD: observational and retrospective study with hospital-based case-control design, developed in three hospitals associated to the Brazilian Unified Health System, located in a city of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study included 690 children under five years old, with 345 cases and 345 controls.RESULTS: both groups scored high for access to health services. In contrast, high scores for attributes such as longitudinality and coordination of care were observed for the controls. Despite low scores, integrality and family counseling were also high for the controls.CONCLUSION: knowledge of the aspects involving the primary health care attributes and its provision for child care are very important because they have the potential to support professionals and managers of the Brazilian Unified Health System in the organization of health services.
Doctorate nursing degree in Spain
Authors: López-Montesinos Mª José , Maciá-Soler Loreto
Published: August 2015

Analytical and descriptive study of the process of change being experienced in the Spanish university system over the last decade (2005-2014).OBJECTIVE: To describe the structural changes occurring in Nursing Education in Spain, reaching access to doctoral studies from the European Convergence Process and the subsequent legislative development.METHODOLOGY: Bibliographical review of royal decrees and reference literature on the subject of study and descriptive analysis of the situation.RESULTS: Carries various changes suffered in the curricula of nursing education in the last decade, the legislation of the European Higher Education sets the guidelines for current studies of Masters and Doctorates.CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the Master and Doctorate stages after a basic degree, which is now possible with the new legislation. A formal beginning made of scientific nursing in order to generate their own lines of research led by Doctors of nursing who can integrate in research groups under the same condition as other researcher, yet now, from the nursing discipline itself.
Gaining a Doctorate in Nursing in Chile: a path not without its difficulties
Authors: Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra , Sanhueza-Alvarado Olivia
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE: to analyze in detail the current situation of doctorate training in Nursing in Chile.METHODOLOGY: through a historical and contextual analysis of the background to the development of postgraduate education in Nursing, especially at doctorate level.RESULTS: aspects that limit development were identified in national institutionalism of the sciences as well as in higher education and health institutions, especially the limited value placed on nursing as an area of knowledge in this country, the lack of clear institutional policies for postgraduate studies, as well as the postgraduate's re-inclusion into the academic and care area, with access to national research funds difficult.FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: access to grants and funds, together with recognition as an area of knowledge belonging on academic schedules, especially in health institutions, are the main challenges to consolidation. One aspect that would enable a more rapid advance is through national and international inter-institutional agreements, adding together potential, with access to funds for studies and academic and student internships, enabling joint research to go ahead.
A critical examination of developments in nursing doctoral education in the United States
Authors: Ketefian Shaké , Redman Richard W.
Published: August 2015

Graduate nursing education in the United States is undergoing major transformations, as a result of factors both within nursing and in the larger society.OBJECTIVE: In this paper the authors examine the trends and factors that are influencing the changes, especially in doctoral education, for both nurse scientist and advanced practice preparation.CONCLUSION: The paper provides a background that serves as context, it gives an overview of the PhD and the DNP degrees, focusing on the recent changes and identifying the most compelling issues and concerns, ending with a series of recommendations.
Laminados biodegradáveis de blendas de amido de mandioca e poli(vinil álcool): efeito da formulação sobre a cor e opacidade
Authors: Zanela Juliano , Reis Mônica Oliveira , Dias Adriana Passos , Mali Suzana , Grossmann Maria Victória Eiras , Yamashita Fabio
Published: August 2015

Resumo

Foram produzidos 12 laminados com diferentes proporções de amido de mandioca, poli(vinil álcool) (PVA) e glicerol por extrusão usando um planejamento de mistura. A opacidade dos materiais variou entre 31 e 56%, e a concentração de PVA e a interação entre as concentrações de amido e PVA foram os principais responsáveis pelo aumento da opacidade. A diferença de cor (ΔE*) variou entre 20-30, sendo a concentração de amido o principal responsável pelo aumento da diferença de cor, por promover uma coloração mais amarelada nos laminados.
Practical and conceptual issues of clinical trial registration for Brazilian researchers
Authors: Freitas Carolina Gomes , Pesavento Thomas Fernando Coelho , Pedrosa Maurício Reis , Riera Rachel , Torloni Maria Regina
Published: August 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Clinical trial registration is a prerequisite for publication in respected scientific journals. Recent Brazilian regulations also require registration of some clinical trials in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) but there is little information available about practical issues involved in the registration process. This article discusses the importance of clinical trial registration and the practical issues involved in this process. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study conducted by researchers within a postgraduate program at a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Information was obtained from clinical trial registry platforms, article reference lists and websites (last search: September 2014) on the following topics: definition of a clinical trial, history, purpose and importance of registry platforms, the information that should be registered and the registration process. RESULTS: Clinical trial registration aims to avoid publication bias and is required by Brazilian journals indexed in LILACS and SciELO and by journals affiliated to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recent Brazilian regulations require that all clinical trials (phases I to IV) involving new drugs to be marketed in this country must be registered in ReBEC. The pros and cons of using different clinical trial registration platforms are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial registration is important and various mechanisms to enforce its implementation now exist. Researchers should take into account national regulations and publication requirements when choosing the platform on which they will register their trial.