bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons learnt in the first year of an Australian pediatric cardio oncology clinic
Authors: Toro Claudia , Felmingham Ben , Jhadav Mangesh , Celermajer David S. , La Gerche Andre , O’Sullivan John , Kumar Sanjeev , Mateos Marion K. , Fulbright Joy , Govender Dinisha , Collier Lane , Cheung Michael , Eisenstat David D. , Lange Peter W. , Ayer Julian , Elliott David A. , Conyers Rachel
Published: December 2023

Background

Modern oncological therapies together with chemotherapy and radiotherapy have broadened the agents that can cause cardiac sequelae, which can manifest for pediatric oncology patients while on active treatment. Recommendations for high-risk patients who should be monitored in a pediatric cardio-oncology clinic have previously been developed by expert Delphi consensus by our group. In 2022 we opened our first multidisciplinary pediatric cardio-oncology clinic adhering to these recommendations in surveillance and management.

Objectives

Our pediatric cardio-oncology clinic aimed to:

(i) Document cardiovascular toxicities observed within a pediatric cardio-oncology clinic and.

(ii) Evaluate the applicability of the Australian and New Zealand Pediatric Cardio-Oncology recommendations.

Methods

Monthly multidisciplinary cardio-oncology clinics were conducted in an Australian tertiary pediatric hospital. Structured standardised approaches to assessment were built into the electronic medical record (EMR). All patients underwent baseline echocardiogram and electrocardiogram assessment together with vital signs in conjunction with standard history and examination.

Results

Nineteen (54%) individuals had a documented cardiovascular toxicity or pre-existing risk factor prior to referral. The two most common cardiovascular toxicities documented during clinic review included Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) and hypertension. Of note 3 (8.1%) patients had CTCAE grade III LVD. An additional 10 (27%) patients reviewed in clinic had CTCAE grade I hypertension. None of these patients had hypertension noted within their referral. Cascade testing for cardiac history was warranted in 2 (5.4%) of patients.

Conclusions

Pediatric cardio-oncology clinics are likely beneficial to documenting previously unrecognised cardiotoxicity and relevant cardiac family histories, whilst providing an opportunity to address lifestyle risk factors.
Hyposidra talaca NPV (HytaNPV): a potential baculovirus for efficient control of the black inch worm, Hyposidra talaca Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a major pest of tea Camellia sinensis (Ericales: Theaceae (L.) O. Kuntze)
Authors: Deka Bhabesh , Babu Azariah , Sarkar Suman , Kuriakose Boney , Thomas George
Published: December 2023

Background

The black inch worm (BIW),Hyposidra talacaWalker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is a pest that defoliates tea leaves in India, posing a significant threat to the tea industry. Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) is capable of infecting larvae of this species, which has raised the possibility of its use as a biocontrol agent.

Results

Rearing larvae in a semi-synthetic artificial diet produced healthy adults, which is sufficient for mass culture ofH. talacato support one of the IPM components using baculovirus. In artificial diets, the NPV was evaluated for its insecticidal activity againstH. talaca. The bioassay findings of inoculatedH. talacanucleopolyhedrovirus virus (HytaNPV) at various concentrations showed that it was effective in killing the BIW. Purifiedpolyhedral inclusion bodies(PIBs) were estimated to a concentration of 1 × 1010PIBs per ml by mixing with water, and various concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 7.5, 10 ml/l were evaluated against BIW. Both laboratory and field studies revealed that HytaNPV is an eco-friendly and ecologically safe agent for controlling BIW. Besides no residue was estimated in made tea after the seventh day of exposure, and it is nontoxic to non-target species.

Conclusion

It was found that NPV is environmentally beneficial for the control of pests on tea plants and in production of pesticide-free tea. Tea ecosystems can reduce their reliance on conventional insecticides by using HytaNPV as an alternative bio-insecticide.
Rendezvous intervention using combined surgical carotid endarterectomy followed by endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute tandem occlusions: a proof-of-concept experience at a tertiary care center
Authors: Diel Norma J. , Gerner Stefan T. , Alhaj Omar Omar , Kalder Johannes , Manz Enikö , Keschenau Paula R. , Struffert Tobias , Brueckner Thomas , Huttner Hagen B. , Doeppner Thorsten R.
Published: December 2023

Background

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is highly effective in acute stroke patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO), however, presence of concomitant cervical occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may limit the endovascular access. This study describes feasibility and efficacy of a surgical carotid access (cutdown) to perform interdisciplinary recanalization therapy including carotid endarterectomy (CEA) followed by EVT for recanalization of intracranial LVO in stroke patients with tandem occlusions.

Methods

We identified stroke patients with tandem occlusions who underwent a combined surgical-endovascular approach over a 5-year period. Surgical cutdown was provided by a cardiovascular surgery team at the angio-suite followed by EVT performed by the neuroradiological team. Demographics, stroke characteristics, treatments including antithrombotic management, procedure times, and clinical follow-up were assessed.

Results

Four patients with acute stroke because of tandem occlusions received CEA followed by EVT (two patients after frustrating femoral catheterization, two as first-line approach). Successful recanalization (TICI ≥ 2b) via endovascular thrombectomy was achieved in all patients at a median of 28 min after successful surgical CEA. Intraprocedural complication was observed in one case (25%; i.e. ICA dissection).

Conclusions

This small study provides evidence that a combined interdisciplinary approach of CEA followed by EVT in the angio-suite in acute stroke patients with tandem occlusions is a feasible procedure in patients otherwise not accessible to endovascular recanalizing therapy and, therefore, high likelihood of developing large hemispheric infarction. Prospective data are warranted to identify patients who benefit from this combined approach as first-line therapy.
Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review
Authors: Ouedraogo Rogomenoma Alice , Kande Ali , Nadembega Wendyam Marie Christelle , Ouermi Djeneba , Zohoncon Théodora Mahoukèdè , Djigma Florencia Wendkuuni , Ouedraogo Charlemagne Marie Ragnag-Newende , Lompo Olga Mélanie , Simpore Jacques
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review’s aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women.

Methods

Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed.

Results

Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85–29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively.

Conclusion

Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa.
Sarcopenia in Egypt: epidemiology of sarcopenia risk among older adults presenting with fragility fractures—an initiative by the Egyptian Academy of Bone Health
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , El Gaafary Maha , Gadallah Naglaa , Elwakil Walaa , Hassan Waleed , Fathi Nihal , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Tabra Samar abd Alhamed , Shalaby Radwa H. , Mahran Safaa
Published: December 2023

Purpose

(1) This was a multi-center, cross-sectional, observational study. Both old men and postmenopausal women over 50 years old who were admitted with an osteoporotic fracture (whether hip fracture or major osteoporosis) were consecutively recruited for this work and managed under the Fracture Liaison Service. All the patients were assessed for their sarcopenia risk (SARC-F), fracture risk (FRAX), and fall risk (FRAS) as well as functional disability (HAQ). The aim was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia risk among older adult Egyptians presenting with fragility fractures. (2) To identify the relation between sarcopenia risk with the risk of falling as well as sustaining a fragility fracture.

Results

Two hundred and thirty-six patients (69 males, 167 females) were included in this work. The mean age was 70.1 (SD = 9.2) years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 69.7%. The sarcopenia risk score was positively correlated with the FRAX score (p = 0.01). The prevalence of high sarcopenia risk was 78% of the patients presenting with a high 10-year probability of major osteoporosis fracture as well as a 10-year probability of hip fracture. The sarcopenia risk score was positively correlated with the increased fall risk (p = 0.01) as scored by the FRAS scale. There was a significant relation (p < 0.05) between the functional disability score and the SARC-F score. This was persistent when assessed in relation to fall risk.

Conclusion

This study highlighted the high sarcopenia risk in the patients presenting with fragility fractures. Identification of patients at increased risk of sarcopenia should be a component of the standard practice.
Seismic adaptive multiple subtraction using a structure-oriented matched filter
Authors: Sui Yuhan , Ma Yue , Liu Lu , Zhang Dongliang , Li Yubing
Published: December 2023

Multiple removal is a crucial step in seismic data processing prior to velocity model building and imaging. After the prediction, adaptive multiple subtraction is used to suppress multiples (considered noise) in seismic data, thereby highlighting primaries (considered signal). In practice, conventional adaptive subtraction methods fit the predicted and recorded multiples in the least-squares sense using a sliding window, formulating a localized adaptive matched filter. Subsequently, the filter is applied to the prediction to remove multiples from the recorded data. However, such a strategy runs the risk of over-attenuating the useful primaries under the minimization energy constraint. To avoid damage to valuable signals, we develop a novel approach that replaces the conventional matched filter with a structure-oriented version. From the predicted multiples, we extract the structural information to be used in the derivation of the adaptive matched filter. Our structure-oriented matched filter emphasizes the structures of predicted multiples, which helps to better preserve primaries during the subtraction. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our structure-oriented adaptive subtraction approach, highlighting its superior performance in multiple removal and primary preservation compared with conventional methods on 2D regularly sampled data.
Machine Learning-Enabled NIR Spectroscopy. Part 3: Hyperparameter by Design (HyD) Based ANN-MLP Optimization, Model Generalizability, and Model Transferability
Authors: Ali Hussain , Muthudoss Prakash , Chauhan Chirag , Kaliappan Ilango , Kumar Dinesh , Paudel Amrit , Ramasamy Gobi
Published: December 2023

Data variations, library changes, and poorly tuned hyperparameters can cause failures in data-driven modelling. In such scenarios, model drift, a gradual shift in model performance, can lead to inaccurate predictions. Monitoring and mitigating drift are vital to maintain model effectiveness. USFDA and ICH regulate pharmaceutical variation with scientific risk-based approaches. In this study, the hyperparameter optimization for the Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) was investigated using open-source data. The design of experiments (DoE) approach in combination with target drift prediction and statistical process control (SPC) was employed to achieve this objective. First, pre-screening and optimization DoEs were conducted on lab-scale data, serving as internal validation data, to identify the design space and control space. The regression performance metrics were carefully monitored to ensure the right set of hyperparameters was selected, optimizing the modelling time and storage requirements. Before extending the analysis to external validation data, a drift analysis on the target variable was performed. This aimed to determine if the external data fell within the studied range or required retraining of the model. Although a drift was observed, the external data remained well within the range of the internal validation data. Subsequently, trend analysis and process monitoring for the mean absolute error of the active content were conducted. The combined use of DoE, drift analysis, and SPC enabled trend analysis, ensuring that both current and external validation data met acceptance criteria. Out-of-specification and process control limits were determined, providing valuable insights into the model’s performance and overall reliability. This comprehensive approach allowed for robust hyperparameter optimization and effective management of model lifecycle, crucial in achieving accurate and dependable predictions in various real-world applications.

Graphical Abstract
A Novel Case of Concomitant PHEX and ALPL Mutation In a Family With Rickets
Authors: Polanco Santos Carmen , Cordero Garate Juana , Zeinab Khan Leila
Published: December 2023

Currently, no published cases report concomitant X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and adult hypophosphatasia (HPP). Both diseases share clinical phenotypes that are almost indistinguishable. The correct diagnosis may be missed without a standardized laboratory and genetic testing approach. Pathogenic variants in the phosphate regulating endopeptidases homolog X-linked gene (PHEX) and the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL) are genes that cause XLH and HPP, respectively. We describe a concomitant yet undescribed genetic pathogenic variant in a family. A 61-year-old woman was referred by orthopedic surgery for the presence of bilateral leg bowing and short stature during the assessment of knee surgery. The patient had a biochemical workup relevant for low serum phosphorus and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Genetic analysis revealed pathogenic variants in PHEX and ALPL. Her 42-year-old daughter shared identical symptoms and genetic variants with her mother. Both patients started conventional treatment for XLH with phosphorus and vitamin D, and the daughter later switched to burosumab-twza. Adult XLH and HPP may have similarities in clinical presentation but differ in some essential laboratory findings. Normal ALP levels helped direct our diagnosis toward XLH. However, the diagnosis was challenging due to the presence of concurrent variants in the genes involved. These variants illustrate the significant heterogeneity of the clinical expression.
COveRs to impRove EsthetiC ouTcome after Surgery for Chronic subdural hemAtoma by buRr hole trepanation—Results of a Swiss Single-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stienen Martin N. , Akeret Kevin , Vasella Flavio , Velz Julia , Jehli Elisabeth , Voglis Stefanos , Bichsel Oliver , Smoll Nicolas R. , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Germans Menno R.
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Burr hole trepanation to evacuate chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) results in bony skull defects that can lead to skin depressions. We intend to study the effect of burr hole covers to prevent skin depressions and improve the esthetic result.

METHODS:

In a randomized trial, we enrolled adult patients with symptomatic cSDH. Patients received burr hole trepanation with (intervention) vs without burr hole covers (control) in a 1:1 ratio. Patients requiring evacuation of bilateral cSDHs served as their internal control. Primary outcome was satisfaction with the esthetic result of the scar, measured from 0 (dissatisfied) to 10 (very satisfied) on the Esthetic Numeric Analog (ANA) scale at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included ANA scale, rates of skin depression, complications, as well as neurological, disability, and health-related quality of life outcomes until 12 months.

RESULTS:

We included 78 patients (55 with unilateral and 23 with bilateral cSDH; median age 78 years, 83% male) between 03/2019 and 05/2021, 50 trepanations for the intervention and 51 for the control group. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the ANA scale scores were 9.0 (intervention) and 8.5 (control arm) at 90 days (P = .498). At 12 months, the ANA scale scores were 9.0 and 8.0 for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P = .183). Skin depressions over the frontal burr hole were noted by 35% (intervention) and 63% (control) of patients at 90 days (P = .009) and by 35% and 79% (P < .001) at 12 months, respectively. There were no differences in complications, neurological, disability, and health-related quality of life outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

Satisfaction with the esthetic result of the scar was inherently high. This study does not show evidence for improvement on the ANA scale by applying a burr hole cover. The application of burr hole covers resulted in less skin depressions and did not negatively affect complication rates or outcomes.
Through the looking glass: attempting to predict future opportunities and challenges in experimental biology
Authors: Gilmour Kathleen M. , Daley Monica A. , Egginton Stuart , Kelber Almut , McHenry Matthew J. , Patek Sheila N. , Sane Sanjay P. , Schulte Patricia M. , Terblanche John S. , Wright Patricia A. , Franklin Craig E.
Published: December 2023

To celebrate its centenary year, Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB) commissioned a collection of articles examining the past, present and future of experimental biology. This Commentary closes the collection by considering the important research opportunities and challenges that await us in the future. We expect that researchers will harness the power of technological advances, such as ‘-omics’ and gene editing, to probe resistance and resilience to environmental change as well as other organismal responses. The capacity to handle large data sets will allow high-resolution data to be collected for individual animals and to understand population, species and community responses. The availability of large data sets will also place greater emphasis on approaches such as modeling and simulations. Finally, the increasing sophistication of biologgers will allow more comprehensive data to be collected for individual animals in the wild. Collectively, these approaches will provide an unprecedented understanding of ‘how animals work’ as well as keys to safeguarding animals at a time when anthropogenic activities are degrading the natural environment.
The patent landscape in the field of stem cell therapy: closing the gap between research and clinic
Authors: Hernández-Melchor Dinorah , López-Bayghen Esther , Padilla-Viveros América
Published: December 2023

Stem cell technology is a powerful tool ready to respond to the needs of modern medicine that is experiencing rapid technological development. Given its potential in therapeutic applications, intellectual property rights (IPR) as a protection resource of knowledge are a relevant topic. Patent eligibility of stem cells has been controversial as restrictions to access the fundamental technologies open a gap between research and clinic. Therefore, we depicted the current patent landscape in the field to discuss if this approach moves forward in closing this breach by examining patent activity over the last decade from a transdisciplinary perspective. Stem cell therapeutic applications is an area of continuous growth where patent filing through the PCT is the preferred strategy. Patenting activity is concentrated in the USA, European Union, and Australia; this accumulation in a few key players leads to governance, regulation, and inequality concerns. To boost wealthiness and welfare in society - stem cell therapies' ultimate goal - while at post-pandemic recovery, critical elements in the field of IPR rise to overcome current limitations: to promote bridge builders able to connect the research and business worlds, regulatory updates, novel financing models, new vehicles (startups, spinouts, and spin-offs), and alternative figures of intellectual property.
The open field assay is influenced by room temperature and by drugs that affect core body temperature
Authors: Jimenez Jessica A. , McCoy Eric S. , Lee David F. , Zylka Mark J.
Published: December 2023

Background The open field assay is used to study anxiety-related traits and anxiolytic drugs in rodents. This assay entails measuring locomotor activity and time spent in the center of a chamber that is maintained at ambient room temperature. However, the ambient temperature in most laboratories varies daily and seasonally and can differ between buildings. We sought to evaluate how varying ambient temperature and core body temperature (CBT) affected open field locomotor activity and center time of male wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and Transient Receptor Potential Subfamily M Member 8 (Trpm8) knock-out (Trpm8-/- ) mice. TRPM8 is an ion channel that detects cool temperatures and is activated by icilin. Methods Mice were placed in the open field at 4°C and 23°C for 30 minutes. Distance traveled and time spent in the center were measured. Mice were injected with icilin, M8-B, diazepam, or saline, and changes in activity level were recorded. Results The cooling agent icilin increased CBT and profoundly reduced distance traveled and center time of WT mice relative to controls. Likewise, cooling the ambient temperature to 4°C reduced distance traveled and center time of WT mice relative to Trpm8-/- mice. Conversely, the TRPM8 antagonist (M8-B) reduced CBT and increased distance traveled and center time of WT mice when tested at 4°C. The TRPM8 antagonist (M8-B) had no effect on CBT or open field behavior of Trpm8-/- mice. The anxiolytic diazepam reduced CBT in WT and Trpm8-/- mice. When tested at 4°C, diazepam increased distance traveled and center time in WT mice but did not alter open field behavior of Trpm8-/- mice. Conclusions Environmental temperature and drugs that affect CBT can influence locomotor behavior and center time in the open field assay, highlighting temperature (ambient and core) as sources of environmental and physiologic variability in this commonly used behavioral assay.
A data-driven global observatory addressing worldwide challenges through text mining and complex data visualisation
Authors: Costa Joao , Massri M. Besher , Grobelnik Marko , Casals del Busto Ignacio , Weston Dale
Published: December 2023

Observing the world on a global scale can help us understand better the context of problems that engage us all. In this paper, we propose a data-driven global observatory methodology that puts together the different perspectives of media, science, statistics and sensing over heterogeneous data sources and text mining algorithms. We also discuss the implementation of this global observatory in the context of epidemic intelligence, monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and in the context of climate change, with a specific focus on water resource management. Moreover, we discuss the value of this global solution in local contexts and priorities, based on the exchange with stakeholders in municipalities, utilities and governmental institutions.
Associação entre a adesão terapêutica e o controle glicêmico de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Rosendo Mendonça Isabela , Bitencourt Rosendo Alexandre , Becker da Silva Bruna , Pinto Moehlecke Iser Betine
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A adesão ao tratamento no diabetes mellitus é fundamental para o controle metabólico, prevenção de complicações, melhoria e manutenção da qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e o controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 e investigar fatores associados a essas condições. Método: Estudo transversal com pacientes ≥ 18 anos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, atendidos em um serviço privado de endocrinologia, em uso de antidiabéticos orais há pelo menos 6 meses e com dosagem de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) de no máximo 12 meses. Foram utilizados a MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) e um questionário com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Resultados apresentados em razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, ajustados por regressão logística pelo método enter. O nível de significância estatística adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 134 pacientes, com média de 56,7 ± 12,9 anos, sendo 58,2% mulheres. A adesão terapêutica foi demonstrada por 78,4% dos pacientes, havendo associação positiva com a escolaridade e negativa em relação à idade e ao tempo de diagnóstico. O controle glicêmico foi verificado por 68,7%, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação a sexo, idade, raça, escolaridade e tempo de diagnóstico. Entre os pacientes considerados aderentes, 77,1% apresentaram controle adequado da glicemia, enquanto entre pacientes considerados não aderentes, 37,9% foram considerados controlados (p<0,001). Conclusão: A adesão ao tratamento farmacológico esteve associada ao controle glicêmico em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, acompanhados em consultório privado de endocrinologia.
Consumo de Castanha-do-Brasil reduz o N-óxido de trimetilamina (TMAO) e a inflamação em um paciente com síndrome cardiorrenal: uma comunicação breve
Authors: Wolino Karen Salve Coutinho , Da Cruz Beatriz Oliveira , Cardozo Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França , Mesquita Claudio Tinoco , Mafra Denise , Stockler-Pinto Milena Barcza
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A disbiose intestinal é uma característica comum na síndrome cardiorrenal e está associada ao aumento de toxinas urêmicas, como o N-óxido de trimetilamina (TMAO), que estão envolvidas com a inflamação e mortalidade cardiovascular. A castanha-do-Brasil (semente típica brasileira) possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes, mas não há evidências dos seus efeitos na modulação da microbiota intestinal e redução de toxinas urêmicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do consumo de castanha-do-Brasil nos níveis de TMAO e marcadores de inflamação em um paciente com síndrome cardiorrenal. Métodos: Um paciente com doença arterial coronariana (66 anos e IMC, 26 kg/m2), estágio 3 da DRC (TFGe 36 mL/min), recebeu uma castanha-do-Brasil por dia durante três meses. Resultados: Os níveis plasmáticos de TMAO e a expressão de mRNA de NF-κB foram reduzidos e a atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx) aumentou após esta intervenção. Conclusão: A prescrição de castanha-do-Brasil pode ser uma estratégia promissora para mitigar as complicações relacionadas à síndrome cardiorrenal. Este caso apoia o conceito de “alimento como remédio” visando o fenótipo urêmico na síndrome cardiorrenal.
Content and Structure of Teacher’s Linguistic and Communicative Competence in the Context of the New Ukrainian School Concept
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Aleksieieva Oksana , Shvyrka Viktoriia ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problem of teacher’s linguistic and communicative competence, which is up to date in the context of the conceptual educational reforms of the New Ukrainian School. The study reveals the essence of the definition of «linguistic and communicative competence» from the standpoint of acmeological, personality-oriented, activity-based, systemic, and communicative approaches. It has been found that linguistic and communicative competence for teachers is a key professional competence and consists of linguistic, pragmatic, subject-technological, socio-cultural competences and is determined by the peculiarities of professional activity. Based on the analysis of the views of linguists and didactics, psychologists and teachers, the teacher’s linguistic and communicative competence in the context of the New Ukrainian School has been defined as a complex integrative system which function is to balance the language, speech and communicative competencies of a professional. It ensures his/her ability to establish and maintain effective partnerships with all participants in the educational process on a humanistic basis for the implementation of educational tasks of comprehensive harmonious development of the student and for his/her own self-realization and professional self-determination. The article also discloses the essence and components of the outlined construct and identifies the interconnected and interrelated components, which are: cognitive, value-motivational, personal, operational and technological, activity-based and reflexive.
Health Care Methodology of Students of General Secondary Education Institution in the Context of Modern Scientific Views
Authors:   Academy of Continuing Education named after M. V. Ostrogradskyi, Dudko Sergiy
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and methodological principles of health care of students, which is a component of health care activities of general secondary education institutions in accordance with modern scientific views. The relevance of health care activity of general secondary education institutions and the theoretical and methodological foundations of its implementation in accordance with the provisions of modern pedagogical science have been revealed. It has been studied that the meaning of «health care» concept includes such definitions as «health» and its types; formation, strengthening and preservation of students’ health; «health care activity», «health culture», «value attitude to health»; «healthy lifestyle», «culture of healthy lifestyle»; «health care technology», etc. It has been noted that the methodological basis of the formation of students’ health care competence is based on axiological, acmeological, activity, competence, cultural, personality-oriented, systemic education approaches. It has been established that the methodological basis for the formation of schoolchildren’s motivation to adhere to a healthy lifestyle is a humanistic education model, activity and systemic approaches to learning. The views of scientists on health care technologies have been presented as a complex, built on a single methodological basis system of organizational and psychological and pedagogical techniques, methods, technologies.
Ethical Leadership in the Context of Organizing Pedagogical Communication of a Teacher
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Karamanov Oleksii , Nesterak Kateryna ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: December 2023

The article examines various aspects of ethical leadership, an important element of pedagogical activity that improves the interaction between teachers and students, forms positive interpersonal relationships, and has a significant impact on the effectiveness of student learning and development. It has been established that insufficient awareness of ethical principles by teachers can lead to various problems in the educational process, as well as negatively affect the promotion of students’ academic achievement. The styles, evaluation criteria and aspects of ethical leadership that penetrate all spheres of life and serve as an important factor in self-improvement, justice and responsibility of the individual have been defined. The principles of development of ethical leadership qualities of teachers have been substantiated, the various methods and conditions of their formation, that are related to the processes of self-organization and self-development, have been experimentally tested. The importance of developing leadership qualities in the pedagogical communication of secondary school teachers has been emphasized.
Model of Forming Soft Skills of Primary School Students in the Lessons of Integrated Course «I Explore the World»
Authors:   Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University named after Oleksandr Dovzhenko, Pidsosonna Olena
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of soft skills formation in primary school students. Cross-cutting skills of primary school students are considered as a multifaceted ability aimed at the student’s socialization. It includes psychological, cognitive, intellectual and communicative interaction for the purpose of managing one’s own educational and professional activities; awareness and appreciation of the interdependence of people and systems in the global world. An author’s model of forming the researched quality of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» has been developed and theoretically substantiated. The model consists of three interconnected blocks: methodological-objective, content-activity, and assessment-result. For the blocks of this model theoretical justification has been provided, their content has been disclosed. The purpose, approaches, principles, content, organizational forms, technologies, methods, and resources that ensure the functioning of the presented model have been identified. Components, criteria, and levels of forming soft skills of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» have been identified. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that the model of forming soft skills of primary school students in the lessons of integrated course «I Explore the World» is holistic, as all its elements are interconnected.
Stereo Vision Controlled Variable Rate Sprayer for Specialty Crops: Part III. Effect of Travel Speeds on Spray deposition and Ground Loss
Authors: Román Carla , Jeon Hongyoung , Zhu Heping , Ozkan Erdal , Campos Javier
Published: December 2023

Highlights

Stereo vision controlled variable rate sprayer reduced the spray volume by 44% to 99.6% for the tree canopy volumes from 2.2 to 0.03 m3.

The variable rate sprayer increased the ratio of a spray deposit on trees to a spray volume by 16.1% compared to a constant rate sprayer.

The application of the variable rate sprayer had 57.6% less ground loss compared to a constant rate application.

The travel speeds of the sprayer had no significant impacts in spray deposition, coverage, or ground losses of the applications.

Abstract. A prototype of a novel stereo vision controlled real-time variable rate sprayer was evaluated in an apple orchard in order to mitigate the risks derived from the use of crop protection products applied at a conventional constant rate in specialty crops. The effects of its travel speed (from 3.2 to 8.0 km h-1) on spray volume reduction, canopy deposition and coverage, and ground loss were assessed. Test results demonstrated that the travel speed did not influence spray deposition, coverage, or ground losses. The variable rate sprayer reduced the spray volume by more than 44% for the canopy volumes detected in the orchard (<2.2 m3) in comparison to the constant rate spray application. Overall spray volume reductions were 79.1%, 73.8%, 71.0%, and 69.8% when the sprayer traveled at 3.2, 4.8, 6.4, and 8.0 km h-1, respectively, compared to the constant rate applications at a travel speed of 8.0 km h-1. In addition, the variable rate application of the sprayer increased the crop interception, a ratio of a spray deposition to a spray volume, by 16.1% compared to the constant rate spray application when traveling at 8 km h-1. Moreover, the sprayer reduced total ground loss by 57.6% compared to the constant rate application, which would minimize adverse impacts of pesticide applications to non-target organisms and unnecessary pesticide losses to the environment. The results of this study suggest that the prototype sprayer has significant potential as a cost-effective solution for sustainable specialty crop spray applications. Keywords: Crop protection, Depth image, Machine vision, Orchards, Precision agriculture, Pulse width modulation.
Blue-light-enhanced avalanche photodiode with a multi-finger grating structure for fluorescence detection
Authors: Cao Zhixiang , Yang Jian , Wang Yang , Mao Ruiqian , Yi Rongqing , Jin XiangLiang
Published: December 2023

The responsiveness of the photodetectors is critical to the accuracy of the fluorescent fiber optical temperature sensor. However, the current gain and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of traditional photodiodes (PDs) is low, which makes it difficult to meet the high-precision detection requirements of the system. In response to the above problems, this paper achieves a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multi-finger grating (MFG) avalanche photodiode (APD). The device combines the polysilicon gate and the space charge region formed by P+/N-Well to detect photon signals. The conversion capability of the photodetector can be significantly enhanced by the MFG structure. The principle of the device is simulated and verified by technology-computer-aided design (TCAD). The standard grating APD (SG-APD), 2-finger grating APD (2FG-APD), 3-finger grating APD (3FG-APD), and 4-finger grating APD (4FG-APD) are fabricated based on 0.18 µm CMOS process. The optoelectronic detection characteristics of these devices are analyzed by establishing an optoelectronic test platform. At 480 nm, the responsivity of 2FG-APD, 3FG-APD, and 4FG-APD increases by 79.3%, 96.9%, and 70.2%, respectively, compared to SG-APD (4.021 A/W). The test results indicate that 3FG-APD exhibits a strong photon response in the blue light range. The device has broad application prospects in the field of fluorescence detection.
Single-test Ritchey-Common interferometry
Authors: Liu Yiming , Xu Chuheng , Hu Yao , Lu Huiqin , Li Jinpeng , Wu Tiancheng , Zhang Shaohui , Chang Xu , Hao Qun
Published: December 2023

The Ritchey-Common test is widely adopted to measure large optical flats. The traditional Ritchey-Common test eliminates the defocus error with multiple tests by changing the position of the mirrors, which suffers from cumbersome steps, poor repeatability, coupled system error, extra mirror deformation, and potential overturning. The above problems increase the test time, decrease the reliability and accuracy, increase the test cost, and threaten manufacturing safety. We propose a single-test Ritchey-Common interferometry to avoid the obligatory position change in the traditional method. A sub-aperture of test flat is directly measured by a small-aperture interferometer before the test, which is easy to implement, to replace the extra system wavefront measurement in different positions. The defocus is calculated in sub-aperture at exactly the same position as the full-field measurement without the position change, then the surface form under test can be obtained with accurate optical path modeling. Measurement experiments for 100 mm and 2050 mm aperture flats were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Compared with a direct test in a standard Zygo interferometer, the peak to valley (PV) and root mean square (RMS) errors were 0.0889 λ and 0.0126 λ (λ=632.8 nm), respectively, which reaches the upper limit of accuracy of the interferometer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal of the Ritchey-Common test that can eliminate the defocus error and realize high accuracy measurement in a single test. Our work paves the way for reliable and practical optical metrology for large optical flats.
Non-contact monitoring of glucose concentration and pH by integration of wearable and implantable hydrogel sensors with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Naseska Mimoza , Globočnik Aleš , Davies Samuel , Yetisen Ali K. , Humar Matjaž
Published: December 2023

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique with large penetration depth into the tissue, but limited chemical specificity. By incorporating functional co-monomers, hydrogels can be designed to respond to specific molecules and undergo reversible volume changes. In this study, we present implantable and wearable biocompatible hydrogel sensors combined with OCT to monitor their thickness change as a tool for continuous and real-time monitoring of glucose concentration and pH. The results demonstrate the potential of combining hydrogel biosensors with OCT for non-contact continuous in-vivo monitoring of physiological parameters.
Towards space-deployable laser stabilization systems based on vibration-insensitive cubic cavities with crystalline coatings
Authors: Cole Garrett D. , Koller Silvio , Greve Christian , Barwood Geoffrey P. , Deutsch Christoph , Gaynor Paul , Ghulinyan Mher , Gill Patrick , Hendricks Richard , Hill Ian , Kundermann Stefan , Le Goff Roland , Lecomte Steve , Meier Christophe , Pepponi Giancarlo , Schilt Stéphane , Stenzel Christian , Sütterlin Robert , Voss Kai , Zhukov Anton
Published: December 2023

We present the development of a transportable laser frequency stabilization system with application to both optical clocks and a next-generation gravity mission (NGGM) in space. This effort leverages a 5-cm long cubic cavity with crystalline coatings operating at room temperature and with a center wavelength of 1064 nm. The cavity is integrated in a custom vacuum chamber with dedicated low-noise locking electronics. Our vacuum-mounted cavity and control system are well suited for space applications, exhibiting state-of-the-art noise performance while being resilient to radiation exposure, vibration, shock, and temperature variations. Furthermore, we demonstrate a robust means of automatically (re)locking the laser to the cavity when resonance is lost. We show that the mounted cavity is capable of reaching technology readiness level (TRL) 6, paving the way for high-performance ultrastable laser systems and eventually optical atomic clocks amenable to future satellite platforms.
Dissolution of spiral wave’s core using cardiac optogenetics
Authors: Hussaini Sayedeh , Lädke Sarah L. , Schröder-Schetelig Johannes , Venkatesan Vishalini , Quiñonez Uribe Raúl A. , Richter Claudia , Majumder Rupamanjari , Luther Stefan
Published: December 2023

Rotating spiral waves in the heart are associated with life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. These arrhythmias are treated by a process called defibrillation, which forces electrical resynchronization of the heart tissue by delivering a single global high-voltage shock directly to the heart. This method leads to immediate termination of spiral waves. However, this may not be the only mechanism underlying successful defibrillation, as certain scenarios have also been reported, where the arrhythmia terminated slowly, over a finite period of time. Here, we investigate the slow termination dynamics of an arrhythmia in optogenetically modified murine cardiac tissue both in silico and ex vivo during global illumination at low light intensities. Optical imaging of an intact mouse heart during a ventricular arrhythmia shows slow termination of the arrhythmia, which is due to action potential prolongation observed during the last rotation of the wave. Our numerical studies show that when the core of a spiral is illuminated, it begins to expand, pushing the spiral arm towards the inexcitable boundary of the domain, leading to termination of the spiral wave. We believe that these fundamental findings lead to a better understanding of arrhythmia dynamics during slow termination, which in turn has implications for the improvement and development of new cardiac defibrillation techniques.
multi-GPA-Tree: Statistical approach for pleiotropy informed and functional annotation tree guided prioritization of GWAS results
Authors: Khatiwada Aastha , Yilmaz Ayse Selen , Wolf Bethany J. , Pietrzak Maciej , Chung Dongjun
Published: December 2023

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified over two hundred thousand genotype-trait associations. Yet some challenges remain. First, complex traits are often associated with many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), most with small or moderate effect sizes, making them difficult to detect. Second, many complex traits share a common genetic basis due to ‘pleiotropy’ and and though few methods consider it, leveraging pleiotropy can improve statistical power to detect genotype-trait associations with weaker effect sizes. Third, currently available statistical methods are limited in explaining the functional mechanisms through which genetic variants are associated with specific or multiple traits. We propose multi-GPA-Tree to address these challenges. The multi-GPA-Tree approach can identify risk SNPs associated with single as well as multiple traits while also identifying the combinations of functional annotations that can explain the mechanisms through which risk-associated SNPs are linked with the traits. First, we implemented simulation studies to evaluate the proposed multi-GPA-Tree method and compared its performance with existing statistical approaches. The results indicate that multi-GPA-Tree outperforms existing statistical approaches in detecting risk-associated SNPs for multiple traits. Second, we applied multi-GPA-Tree to a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to a Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcertive colitis (UC) GWAS, and functional annotation data including GenoSkyline and GenoSkylinePlus. Our results demonstrate that multi-GPA-Tree can be a powerful tool that improves association mapping while facilitating understanding of the underlying genetic architecture of complex traits and potential mechanisms linking risk-associated SNPs with complex traits.
Implementing a chest X-ray artificial intelligence tool to enhance tuberculosis screening in India: Lessons learned
Authors: Vijayan Shibu , Jondhale Vaishnavi , Pande Tripti , Khan Amera , Brouwer Miranda , Hegde Asha , Gandhi Ravdeep , Roddawar Venkatesh , Jichkar Shilpa , Kadu Aniruddha , Bharaswadkar Sandeep , Sharma Mayank , Vasquez Nathaly Aguilera , Richardson Lucky , Robert Dennis , Pawar Saniya
Published: December 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) based chest X-ray (CXR) screening for tuberculosis (TB) is becoming increasingly popular. Still, deploying such AI tools can be challenging due to multiple real-life barriers like software installation, workflow integration, network connectivity constraints, limited human resources available to interpret findings, etc. To understand these challenges, PATH implemented a TB REACH active case-finding program in a resource-limited setting of Nagpur in India, where an AI software device (qXR) intended for TB screening using CXR images was used. Eight private CXR laboratories that fulfilled prerequisites for AI software installation were engaged for this program. Key lessons about operational feasibility and accessibility, along with the strategies adopted to overcome these challenges, were learned during this program. This program also helped to screen 10,481 presumptive TB individuals using informal providers based on clinical history. Among them, 2,303 individuals were flagged as presumptive for TB by a radiologist or by AI based on their CXR interpretation. Approximately 15.8% increase in overall TB yield could be attributed to the presence of AI alone because these additional cases were not deemed presumptive for TB by radiologists, but AI was able to identify them. Successful implementation of AI tools like qXR in resource-limited settings in India will require solving real-life implementation challenges for seamless deployment and workflow integration.