bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El lavado de activos y su afectación a la administración pública del Estado ecuatoriano
Authors: Alvarado Moncada Zoila Felícita
Published: January 2022

El lavado de activos constituye un delito que afecta a los sistemas jurídicos de todo el mundo. Ello genera múltiples consecuencias negativas para el sistema financiero nacional, la seguridad del Estado y la colectividad, debido a que no solo contempla el hecho de que se inyecten capitales ilícitos a una economía determinada, sino que, dentro de un contexto nacional de débil detección y control judicial del blanqueo de capitales, se puede coadyuvar al aparecimiento de una estructura criminal paraestatal, enraizando dicho fenómeno y dificultando su tratamiento y eliminación. A raíz de estas consideraciones, el objetivo de este texto radica en describir de manera profunda la evolución, definiciones y características del delito de lavado de activos, considerando también el estudio de los delitos precedentes, de las operaciones inusuales e ilegales, sus diferencias; así como el procedimiento para su detección, control y prevención, en especial, en el Ecuador. Como complemento se realiza un análisis de derecho comparado sobre el lavado de activos con varios países latinoamericanos, para establecer semejanzas y diferencias entre cada uno de estos cuerpos legales y sus similares ecuatorianos
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MELALUI KEGIATAN MENGANYAM DI TK PELITA BANGSA PERENG, PRAMBANAN,KLATEN
Authors: Sitiendit Siti chotijah
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan motorik halus melaui kegiatan menganyam di TK Pelita Bangsa Pereng Prambanan Klaten Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013. Kemampuan motorik halis anak masih rendah berdasarkan pengamatan dalam kegiatan menganyam sebagian besar anak masih banyak dibantu. Melalui kegiatan menganyam dapat melatih ketrampilan anak dalam menggunakan otot-otot halus, sehingga kemampuan motorik halus anak dapat meningkat dengan baik.

Data tentang kemampuan motorik halus diperoleh dari anak dan data pelaksanaan kegiatan menganyam yang diperoleh dari guru. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yaitu dengan observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklusdan masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 4tahap yaitu dperencanaan, tindakan, observasi  dan refleksi. Siklus pertama dan kedua dilakukan dalam 2 kali pertemuan. Tenik analisis koomperatif untuk membandingkan kemampuan anak setiap siklusnya yaitu dengan prosentasi keberhasilan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan dari siklus ke siklus, ini dapat dilihat dari hasil observsi. Kemampuan motorik halus anak pada pra siklus  27 %  begitu pila melalui obsevasi wawancara hasil prosentase baru 2 % setelah dilakukan siklus 1 peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus mencapai 60 % dan wawancara mencapai 51% dan siklus II meningkat sebesar 75,5 % dan wawancara 77%.Ini menunjukkan bahwa kwmampuan motorik halus anak mengalami peningkatan  menlalui kegiatan menganyam.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN SILABUS DAN RPP MELALUI BIMBINGAN BERKELANJUTAN DI SD NEGERI 145 PALEMBANG
Authors: Aulia
Published: January 2022

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teori-teori dalam dunia pendidikan guna menemukan metode yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun Silabus dan RPP. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 8 orang guru dan dilaksanakan melalui tahap perencanaan, tindakan, observasi/evaluasi dan refleksi. Mula-mula peneliti menyampaikan panduan bagaimana cara menyusun Silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajran (RPP) kepada guru-guru, kemudian meningkatkan keterampilan guru-guru dalam menyusun Silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajran (RPP) berbasis Kurikulum 2013 melalui bimbingan berkelanjutan, pada pada siklus I rata-rata hasil aktivitas dan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun silabus dan RPP adalah 75,91 dan pada siklus II rata-rata hasil aktivitas dan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun silabus dan RPP mengalami peningkatan yakni sebesar 85,35. Hal ini berarti penelitian telah berhasil dimana apabila silabus dan RPP yang disusun oleh guru kelas dan guru mata pelajaran minimal mencapai nilai kualitatif B (Baik).

 

Kata kunci : Kurikulum 2013, Kompetensi, RPP
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MASTERY LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX.3 SMP NEGERI 32 PALEMBANG
Authors: Aulia
Published: January 2022

dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar peserta didik kelas IX.3 SMP Negeri 32 Palembang kurang memahami Pewarisan sifat. Bertitik tolak dari uraian di atas, maka dirumuskan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu yang menjadi rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: “Bagaimanakah peningkatan hasil belajar IPA setelah diterapkannya model pembelajaran Mastery Learning pada peserta didik kelas IX.3 SMP Negeri 32 Palembang?”. Tujuan yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Mastery Learning pada peserta didik kelas IX.3 SMP Negeri 32 Palembang. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik Kelas IX.3 SMP Negeri 32 Palembang yang berjumlah 32 peserta didik. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil di kelas IX.3 SMP 32 Palembang pada bulan Agustus s/d Oktober tahun 2019. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini telah dikatakan tuntas dengan dibuktikannya peningkatan hasil belajar IPA menggunakan model pembelajaran Mastery Learning.  Ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari Pra siklus, siklus I ke siklus II yaitu masing-masing 46.88%, 59,38% dan 90,63 % Pada siklus II ketuntasan belajar peserta didik secara klasikal telah tercapai dan mengalami peningkatan yang sangat baik.

 

Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar,IPA,  Mastery Learning
Estimation of mechanistic parameters in the gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes for use in automated mechanism construction
Authors: Newland Mike J. , Mouchel-Vallon Camille , Valorso Richard , Aumont Bernard , Vereecken Luc , Jenkin Michael E. , Rickard Andrew R.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Reaction with ozone is an important atmospheric removal process for alkenes. The ozonolysis reaction produces carbonyls, and carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates, CI), which can rapidly decompose to yield a range of closed shell and radical products, including OH radicals. Consequently, it is essential to accurately represent the complex chemistry of Criegee intermediates in atmospheric models in order to fully understand the impact of alkene ozonolysis on atmospheric composition. A mechanism construction protocol is presented which is suitable for use in automatic mechanism generation. The protocol defines the critical parameters for describing the chemistry following the initial reaction, namely: the primary carbonyl / CI yields from the primary ozonide fragmentation; the amount of stabilisation of the excited CI (CI*); the unimolecular decomposition pathways, rates and products of the CI; the bimolecular rates and products of atmospherically important reactions of the stabilised CI (SCI). This analysis implicitly predicts the yield of OH from the alkene-ozone reaction. A comprehensive database of experimental OH, SCI and carbonyl yields has been collated using reported values in the literature and used to assess the reliability of the protocol. The protocol provides estimates OH, SCI and carbonyl yields with a root mean square error of 0.13 and 0.12 and 0.14, respectively. Areas where new experimental and theoretical data would improve the protocol and its assessment are identified and discussed.
Local to regional methane emissions from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB) quantified using UAV-based atmospheric measurements
Authors: Andersen Truls , de Vries Marcel , Necki Jaroslaw , Swolkien Justyna , Menoud Malika , Röckmann Thomas , Roiger Anke , Fix Andreas , Peters Wouter , Chen Huilin
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Coal mining accounts for ~ 12 % of the total anthropogenic methane emissions worldwide. The Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland, where large quantities of CH4 are emitted to the atmosphere via ventilation shafts of underground hard coal (anthracite) mines, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. However, coalbed CH4 emissions into the atmosphere are poorly characterized. As part of the Carbon Dioxide and CH4 mission 1.0 (CoMet 1.0) that took place in May – June 2018, we flew a recently developed active AirCore system aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to obtain CH4 and CO2 mole fractions 150–300 m downwind of five individual ventilation shafts in the USCB. In addition, we also measured δ13C-CH4, δ2H-CH4, ambient temperature, pressure, relative humidity, surface wind speeds and directions. We have used 34 UAV flights and two different approaches (inverse Gaussian approach and mass balance approach) to quantify the emissions from individual shafts. The quantified emissions were compared to both annual and hourly inventory data, and were used to derive the estimates of CH4 emissions in the USCB. We found a high correlation (R2 = 0.7 – 0.9) between the quantified and hourly inventory data-based shaft-averaged CH4 emissions, which in principle would allow regional estimates of CH4 emissions to be derived by upscaling individual hourly inventory data of all shafts. Currently, such inventory data is available only for the five shafts we quantified though. As an alternative, we have developed three upscaling approaches, i.e., by scaling the E-PRTR annual inventory, the quantified shaft-averaged emission rate, and the shaft-averaged emission rate that are derived from the hourly emission inventory. These estimates are in the range of 325 – 447 kt CH4/year for the inverse Gaussian approach and 268 – 347 kt CH4/year for the mass balance approach, respectively. This study shows that the UAV-based active AirCore system can be a useful tool to quantify local to regional point source methane emissions.
Ozone-Gravity Wave Interaction in the Upper Stratosphere/Lower Mesosphere
Authors: Gabriel Axel
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The increase in amplitudes of upward propagating gravity waves (GWs) with height due to decreasing density is usually described by exponential growth; however, recent measurements detected a much stronger increase in gravity wave potential energy density (GWPED) during daylight than night-time (increase by a factor of about 4 to 8 between middle stratosphere and upper mesosphere), which is not well understood up to now. This paper suggests that ozone-gravity wave interaction in the upper stratosphere/lower mesosphere is largely responsible for this phenomenon. The coupling between ozone-photochemistry and temperature is particularly strong in the upper stratosphere where the time-mean ozone mixing ratio is decreasing with height; therefore, an initial uplift of an air parcel must lead to a local increase in ozone and in the heating rate compared to the environment, and, hence, to an amplification of the initial uplift. Standard solutions of upward propagating GWs with linear ozone-temperature coupling are formulated suggesting local amplitude amplifications during daylight of 5 to 15 % for low-frequency GWs (periods ≥4 hours), as a function of the intrinsic frequency which decreases if ozone-temperature coupling is included. Subsequently, for horizontal wavelengths larger than 500 km and vertical wavelengths smaller than 5 km, the cumulative amplification during the upward level-by-level propagation leads to much stronger amplitudes in the GW perturbations (factor of about 1.5 to 3) and in the GWPED (factor of about 3 to 9) at upper mesospheric altitudes. The results open a new viewpoint for improving general circulation models with resolved or parameterized GWs.
Impact of non-ideality on reconstructing spatial and temporal variations in aerosol acidity with multiphase buffer theory
Authors: Zheng Guangjie , Su Hang , Wang Siwen , Pozzer Andrea , Cheng Yafang
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Aerosol acidity is a key parameter in atmospheric aqueous
chemistry and strongly influences the interactions of air pollutants and the ecosystem. The recently proposed multiphase buffer theory provides a
framework to reconstruct long-term trends and spatial variations in aerosol
pH based on the effective acid dissociation constant of ammonia
(Ka,NH3∗). However, non-ideality in aerosol droplets is a major
challenge limiting its broad applications. Here, we introduced a
non-ideality correction factor (cni) and investigated its governing
factors. We found that besides relative humidity (RH) and temperature,
cni is mainly determined by the molar fraction of NO3- in
aqueous-phase anions, due to different NH4+ activity coefficients
between (NH4)2SO4- and NH4NO3-dominated aerosols. A
parameterization method is thus proposed to estimate cni at a given RH,
temperature and NO3- fraction, and it is validated against long-term
observations and global simulations. In the ammonia-buffered regime, with
cni correction, the buffer theory can reproduce well the
Ka,NH3∗ predicted by comprehensive thermodynamic models, with a root-mean-square deviation ∼ 0.1 and a correlation coefficient
∼ 1. Note that, while cni is needed to predict
Ka,NH3∗ levels, it is usually not the dominant contributor to
its variations, as ∼ 90 % of the temporal or spatial
variations in Ka,NH3∗ are due to variations in aerosol water and
temperature.
Wind speed and direction estimation from wave spectra using deep learning
Authors: Jiang Haoyu
Published: January 2022

Abstract. High-frequency parts of ocean wave spectra are strongly
coupled to the local wind. Measurements of ocean wave spectra can be used to
estimate sea surface winds. In this study, two deep neural networks (DNNs)
were used to estimate the wind speed and direction from the first five
Fourier coefficients from buoys. The DNNs were trained by wind and wave
measurements from more than 100 meteorological buoys during 2014–2018. It is
found that the wave measurements can best represent the wind information
about 40 min previously because the high-frequency portion of the wave
spectrum integrates preceding wind conditions. The overall root-mean-square
error (RMSE) of estimated wind speed is ∼1.1 m s−1, and the
RMSE of the wind direction is ∼ 14∘ when wind speed is
7–25 m s−1. This model can be used not only for the wind
estimation for compact wave buoys but also for the quality control of wind
and wave measurements from meteorological buoys.
Towards operational multi-GNSS tropospheric products at GFZ Potsdam
Authors: Wilgan Karina , Dick Galina , Zus Florian , Wickert Jens
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The assimilation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data has been proven to have a positive impact on weather forecasts. However, the impact is limited due to the fact that solely the zenith total delays (ZTDs) or integrated water vapor (IWV) derived from the GPS satellite constellation are utilized. Assimilation of more advanced products, such as slant total delays (STDs), from several satellite systems may lead to improved forecasts. This study shows a preparation step for the assimilation, i.e., the analysis of the multi-GNSS tropospheric advanced parameters: ZTDs, tropospheric gradients and STDs. Three solutions are taken into consideration: GPS-only, GPS–GLONASS (GR) and GPS–GLONASS–Galileo (GRE). The GNSS estimates are calculated using the operational EPOS.P8 software developed at GFZ. The ZTDs retrieved with this software are currently being operationally assimilated by weather services, while the STDs and tropospheric gradients are being tested for this purpose. The obtained parameters are compared with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis. The results show that all three GNSS solutions show similar level of agreement with the ERA5 model. For ZTDs, the agreement with ERA5 results in biases of approx. 2 mm and standard deviations (SDs) of 8.5 mm. The statistics are slightly better for the GRE solution compared to the other solutions. For tropospheric gradients, the biases are negligible, and SDs are equal to approx. 0.4 mm. The statistics are almost identical for all three GNSS solutions. For STDs, the agreement from all three solutions is very similar; however it is slightly better for GPS only. The average bias with respect to ERA5 equals approx. 4 mm, with SDs of approx. 26 mm. The biases are only slightly reduced for the Galileo-only estimates from the GRE solution. This study shows that all systems provide data of comparable quality. However, the advantage of combining several GNSS systems in the operational data assimilation is the geometry improvement by adding more observations, especially for low elevation and azimuth angles.
Aircraft-engine particulate matter emissions from conventional and sustainable aviation fuel combustion: comparison of measurement techniques for mass, number, and size
Authors: Corbin Joel C. , Schripp Tobias , Anderson Bruce E. , Smallwood Greg J. , LeClercq Patrick , Crosbie Ewan , Achterberg Steven , Whitefield Philip , Miake-Lye Richard , Yu Zhenhong , Freedman Andrew , Trueblood Max , Satterfield David , Liu Wenyan , Oßwald Patrick , Robinson Claire , Shook Michael A. , Moore Richard H. , Lobo Prem
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have different compositions compared to conventional petroleum jet fuels, particularly in terms of fuel sulphur and hydrocarbon content. These differences may change the amount and physicochemical properties of volatile and non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emitted by aircraft engines. In this study, we evaluate whether comparable nvPM measurement techniques respond similarly to nvPM produced by three blends of SAFs compared to three conventional fuels. Multiple SAF blends and conventional (Jet A-1) jet fuels were combusted in a V2527-A5 engine, while an additional conventional fuel (JP-8) was combusted in a CFM56-2C1 engine. We evaluated nvPM mass concentration measured by three real-time sampling techniques: photoacoustic spectroscopy, laser-induced incandescence, and the extinction-minus-scattering technique. Various commercial instruments were tested including three LII 300s, one PAX, one MSS+, and two CAPS PMSSA. Mass-based emission indices (EIm) reported by these techniques were similar, falling within 30 % of their geometric mean for EIm above 100 mg/kgfuel (approximately 10 μg PM m−3 at the instrument), this geometric mean was therefore used as a reference value. Additionally, two integrative measurement techniques were evaluated: filter photometry and particle size distribution (PSD) integration. The commercial instruments used were one TAP, one PSAP, and two SMPSs. These techniques are used in specific applications, such as on-board research aircraft to determine PM emissions at cruise. EIm reported by the alternative techniques fell within approximately 50 % of the mean aerosol-phase EIm. In addition, we measured PM-number-based emissions indices using PSDs and condensation particle counters. The commercial instruments used included TSI SMPSs, a Cambustion DMS500, and an AVL APC, and the data also fell within approximately 50 % of their geometric mean. The number-based emission indices were highly sensitive to the accuracy of the sampling-line penetration functions applied as corrections. In contrast, the EIm data were less sensitive to those corrections since a smaller volume fraction fell within the size range where corrections were substantial. A separate, dedicated experiment also showed that the operating laser fluence used in the LII 300 laser-induced incandescence instrument for aircraft engine nvPM measurement is adequate for a range of SAF blends investigated in this study. Overall, we conclude that all tested instruments are suitable for the measurement of nvPM emissions from the combustion of SAF blends in aircraft engines.
An analysis of the variability in δ13C in macroalgae from the Gulf of California: indicative of carbon concentration mechanisms and isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation
Authors: Velázquez-Ochoa Roberto , Ochoa-Izaguirre María Julia , Soto-Jiménez Martín Federico
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The isotopic composition of carbon in macroalgae (δ13C) is
highly variable, and its prediction is complex concerning terrestrial
plants. The determinants of δ13C macroalgal variations were
analyzed in a large stock of specimens that vary in taxa and morphology and were
collected in shallow marine habitats in the Gulf of California (GC) with
distinctive environmental conditions. A large δ13C variability
(−34.6 ‰ to −2.2 ‰) was observed.
Life-forms (taxonomy 57 %, morphology and structural organization 34 %)
explain the variability related to carbon use physiology. Environmental
conditions influenced the δ13C macroalgal values but did not
change the physiology, which is most likely inherently species-specific.
Values of δ13C were used as indicators of the presence or
absence of carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) and as integrative values
of the isotope discrimination during carbon assimilation in the life cycle
macroalgae. Based on δ13C signals, macroalgae were classified
in three strategies relative to the capacity of CCM: (1) HCO3-
uptake (δ13C > −10 ‰), (2) using a
mix of CO2 and HCO3- uptake (-10<δ13C > −30 ‰), and (3) CO2 diffusive
entry (δ13C < −30 ‰). Most species
showed a δ13C that indicates a CCM using a mix of CO2 and
HCO3- uptake. HCO3- uptake is also widespread among GC
macroalgae, with many Ochrophyta species. Few species belonging to
Rhodophyta relied on CO2 diffusive entry exclusively, while calcifying
macroalgae species using HCO3- included only Amphiroa and Jania. The isotopic
signature evidenced the activity of CCM, but it was inconclusive about the
preferential uptake of HCO3- and CO2 in photosynthesis and
the CCM type expressed in macroalgae. In the study of carbon use strategies,
diverse, species-specific, and complementary techniques to the isotopic tools
are required.
New SMOS SSS maps in the framework of the Earth Observation data For Science and Innovation in the Black Sea
Authors: Olmedo Estrella , González-Gambau Verónica , Turiel Antonio , González-Haro Cristina , García-Espriu Aina , Gregoire Marilaure , Álvera-Azcárate Aida , Buga Luminita , Rio Marie-Hélène
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In the framework of the European Space Agency (ESA) regional initiative called Earth Observation data For Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS), a new dedicated Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) product is generated for the Black Sea for the years 2011–2020. Three SMOS SSS fields are retrieved and distributed: a level 2 product consisting of binned SSS in daily maps at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution grid by considering ascending ((Olmedo et al., 2021b), https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13993) and descending ((Olmedo et al., 2021c), https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13995) satellite overpass directions separately; a level 3 product ((Olmedo et al., 2021d), https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13996) consisting of binned SSS in 9-day maps at 0.25° × 0.25° grid by combining as cending and descending satellite overpass directions; and a level 4 product ((Olmedo et al., 2021e), https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/13997) consisting of daily maps at 0.05 × 0.0505° that are computed by merging the level 3 SSS product with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) maps. The generation of SMOS SSS fields in the Black Sea requires the use of enhanced data processing algorithms for improving the Brightness Temperatures in the region since this basin is typically strongly affected by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) sources which hinders the retrieval of salinity. Here, we describe the algorithms introduced to improve the quality of the salinity retrieval in this basin. The validation of the EO4SIBS SMOS SSS products is performed by: i) comparing the EO4SIBS SMOS SSS products with near-to-surface salinity measurements provided by in situ measurements; ii) assessing the geophysical consistency of the products by comparing them with a model and other satellite salinity measurements; iii) computing maps of SSS errors by using Correlated Triple Collocation analysis. The accuracy of the EO4SIBS SMOS SSS products depend on the time period and on the product level. The accuracy in the period 2016–2020 is better than in 2011–2015 and it is as follows for the different products: i) Level 2 ascending: 1.85 / 1.50 psu (in 2011–2015 / 2016–2020); Level 2 descending: 2.95 1.95 psu; ii) Level 3: 0.7 / 0.5 psu; and iii) Level 4: 0.6 / 0.4 psu.
Assessing volumetric change distributions and scaling relations of retrogressive thaw slumps across the Arctic
Authors: Bernhard Philipp , Zwieback Simon , Bergner Nora , Hajnsek Irena
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Arctic ice-rich permafrost is becoming increasingly vulnerable to terrain-altering thermokarst, and among the most rapid and dramatic of these changes are retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs).
They initiate when ice-rich soils are exposed and thaw, leading to the formation of a steep headwall which retreats during the summer months.
The impacts and the distribution and scaling laws governing RTS changes within and between regions are unknown.
Using TanDEM-X-derived digital elevation models, we estimated RTS volume and area changes over a 5-year time period from winter 2011/12 to winter 2016/17 and used for the first time probability density functions to describe their distributions.
We found that over this time period all 1853 RTSs mobilized a combined volume of 17×106 m3 yr−1, corresponding to a volumetric change density of 77 m3 yr−1 km−2.
Our remote sensing data reveal inter-regional differences in mobilized volumes, scaling laws, and terrain controls. The distributions of RTS area and volumetric change rates follow an inverse gamma function with a distinct peak and an exponential decrease for the largest RTSs. We found that the distributions in the high Arctic are shifted towards larger values than at other study sites
We observed that the area-to-volume scaling was well described by a power law with an exponent of 1.15 across all study sites; however the individual sites had scaling exponents ranging from 1.05 to 1.37, indicating that regional characteristics need to be taken into account when estimating RTS volumetric changes from area changes.
Among the terrain controls on RTS distributions that we examined, which included slope, adjacency to waterbodies, and aspect, the latter showed the greatest but regionally variable association with RTS occurrence.
Accounting for the observed regional differences in volumetric change distributions, scaling relations, and terrain controls may enhance the modelling and monitoring of Arctic carbon, nutrient, and sediment cycles.
Intensity fluctuations in Hurricane Irma (2017) during a period of rapid intensification
Authors: Torgerson William Stanley , Schwendike Juliane , Ross Andrew , Short Chris
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Intensity fluctuations observed during a period of rapid intensification of Hurricane Irma (2017) between 04 September and 06 September were investigated in a detailed modelling study using an ensemble of Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) convection permitting forecasts. These intensity fluctuations consisted of alternating weakening and strengthening phases. During weakening phases the tropical cyclone temporarily paused its intensification. It was found that weakening phases were associated with a change in the potential vorticity structure, with a tendency for it to become more monopolar. Convection during strengthening phases was associated with isolated local regions of high relative vorticity and vertical velocity in the eyewall, while during weakening phases the storm became more azimuthally symmetric with weaker convection spread more evenly. The boundary layer was found to play an important role in the cause of the intensity fluctuations with an increase in the agradient wind within the boundary layer causing a spin--down just above the boundary layer during the weakening phases whereas during the strengthening phases the agradient wind reduces. This study offers new explanations for why these fluctuations occur and what causes them.
A DIAGNOSIS OF STATISTICAL SERVICE COURSES IN MEXICO
Authors: LÓPEZ CECILIA CRUZ , RAMÍREZ MARIO MIGUEL OJEDA
Published: January 2022

Statistical education is a very important area of research because it builds knowledge and promotes innovation in the courses of this discipline. Based on the advances in this area, changes in the content and approaches of the courses at all educational levels have been promoted in several countries. In this study, we examine programs of introductory statistics courses at the higher education level, seeking to characterize the state of statistical education for non-statisticians in Mexico. The extent to which the Statistical Learning Goals (MAEs) were addressed was explored. Included in the study were 410 statistics course programs from various Mexican institutions. A checklist was constructed to assess the extent to which MAEs were considered in the programs; that is, indicators of the degree of consideration of each of the goals were constructed. Exploratory and descriptive analyses were carried out to identify the extent the goals were met, followed by multiple correspondence analysis to identify associations with the program identification variables. The results showed that the MAEs were applied very little in Mexico, especially those that refer to the development of statistical thinking and culture; the exceptions were the goals of organizing data, building tables and graphs, as well as calculating descriptive statistics. For all this, it was concluded that there is much work to be done on this issue in Mexico.
Abstract: Spanish
La educación estadística es un área de investigación muy importante porque permite obtener conocimiento y promover la innovación en los cursos de esta disciplina. A partir de los avances en esta área, en varios países se han promovido cambios en los contenidos y enfoques de los cursos en todos los niveles educativos. En este estudio examinamos programas de cursos introductorios de estadística en el nivel superior, buscando caracterizar el estado que mantiene la educación estadística para no estadísticos en México. Se exploró la medida en la que se consideran las Metas de Aprendizaje de la Estadística (MAE) propuestas por Gal y Garfield (1997). Se recopilaron 410 programas de cursos de estadística de diversas instituciones mexicanas. Se construyó una lista de cotejo para evaluar qué tanto se consideran las MAE en el programa; es decir, se construyeron indicadores del grado de consideración de cada una de las metas. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios y descriptivos para identificar qué tanto se atiende cada una de las metas, seguidos de análisis de correspondencia múltiple para identificar asociaciones con las variables de identificación de los programas. Los resultados muestran que las MAE se han aplicado muy poco en México, sobre todo las que se refieren al desarrollo del pensamiento y la cultura estadística; la excepción es la meta que se refiere organizar los datos, construcción de tablas y gráficas, así como calcular estadísticas descriptivas. Por todo esto, se concluye que hay mucho trabajo por hacer en este tema en México.
EDITORIAL: STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH FROM A LATIN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SOUZA LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA , PORCIÚNCULA MAUREN , ZAPATA-CARDONA LUCÍA , SALCEDO AUDY , BOROVCNIK MANFRED , FRISCHEMEIER DANIEL
Published: January 2022

Welcome to a special issue of SERJ.
Phantom limbic: notes on process
Authors: Fortescue Chris
Published: January 2022

‘…Simon, you’re an artist, I’ve seen your paint spattered overalls and listened to your single-minded diatribes in dingy cafes. So can you tell me what the difference is between art and art-as-research? I get the feeling that art-as-research involves the production of knowledge, whatever that is. Whereas by-itself art is, you know, an indulgence of the self. Anyway, I figured that since you weren’t around to clarify this, I’d just Google “define:research”. The cloud-mind told me that Research was a full-rigged sailing ship built in 1861, renowned for the voyage it made from Quebec to Glasgow in 1866, during which its rudder was torn off by a Turner-esque storm-as-sublime in theAtlantic. The plucky captain and his loyal crew set about jury-rigging another rudder, only to have that one destroyed as well. Anyway, to cut a long story short, the crew kept on dismantling bits of the boat in order to fabricate a working rudder, but the implacable seas kept on tearing their constructions to pieces. In the end they made it to Glasgow, but the ship had to be towed into port and it looked more like a Venetian gondola than a cargo vessel since they’d had to produce eight different rudder versions on the way from whatever was available. So I guess art-as-research is something along those lines…’
Letter to my daughter: ethical dilemmas in the writing of a memoir
Authors: McDonald Willa
Published: January 2022

Writers of nonfiction are regularly called to make ethical decisions as part of the day-to-day requirements of their calling, as they balance the demands of publishers, editors, readers and the craft of storytelling itself, with responsibilities and sometimes loyalties to those written about. Writing memoir, in particular, raises a host of ethical questions regarding the ownership of the material and the ways in which it can be used. Our lives (and life stories) are made more interesting by our relationships, their ups and downs and the way we handle them. But what happens when we are telling the stories of those for whom it is difficult to give clear or informed consent? What happens when the line between the public and the private is blurred? When we are writing about family members? Our children? Do we have a greater ethical responsibility when telling their stories? Couser, Carey, Mills and others have deliberated on the responsibilities of the memoirist in celebrating the private self in the public realm. This paper reflects on these issues as part of the author’s own ethical dilemmas in writing about the adoption of her young daughter and her struggle to work out where her responsibilities lie in the creation of the text.
Evaluación de la comunicación funcional en personas mayores
Authors: Salazar Martínez Reinaldo Patricio , Abarca Aguilar Isabel , Astete Valdebenito Mónica , Carrasco Salazar Daniela , Torres Contreras Ignacia , Velasquez Castro Belén , Veloso Henríquez Camila
Published: January 2022

Existen diversos instrumentos que evalúan a la persona mayor, aunque ninguno que evalúe la comunicación desde la perspectiva funcional (Dulcey-Ruiz, 2013; Muñoz et al, 2013). Por lo mismo, se desarrolló un estudio durante el año 2020 cuyo objetivo fue conformar y validar, mediante fonoaudiólogos chilenos, un protocolo de evaluación de la comunicación para personas mayores, desde las funciones y estructuras comunicativas, actividades de la vida diaria ligadas a la comunicación y la participación comunicativo social (González et al, 2019). El instrumento fue construido en base a propuestas de protocolos y cuestionarios de comunicación desarrollados en investigaciones previas (Salazar, 2015; 2016; 2018) y a la teoría existente sobre comunicación y envejecimiento (Juncos et al, 2010; Lojo et al, 2014; López y Rubio, 2014). El estudio, de enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, de tipo no experimental transeccional, reclutó a 36 fonoaudiólogos chilenos con un muestreo probabilístico a los cuales, mediante proceso de validación de expertos realizaron el análisis del instrumento, en cuanto a contenido, categoría y semántica. Como resultados, se obtuvo que un 92% de los profesionales (33) consideraron el instrumento semánticamente correcto a la realidad chilena, aceptando el 91% de los ítems del instrumento desde la perspectiva del contenido y las categorías que se presentaron. Posteriormente, se aplicó el método estadístico Lawshe (Osa et al, 2017), el cual permite obtener el índice estadístico de validez de contenido, obteniendo un cociente 0.91, el que indica que el instrumento cuenta con un alto nivel de validez, considerando que el método Lawshe exige un cociente sobre 0,6 para validar un instrumento. Con todo lo anterior, se logró configurar un instrumento que permite determinar las fortalezas y debilidades comunicativas que presentan las personas mayores. Se contempla proseguir la investigación, realizando procesos de validez de constructo y estandarización del instrumento.
Oral language of school-aged children born pretermaturely: a population-based analysis from Madeira Island, Portugal
Authors: Marques Ana , Santos Maria Emilia
Published: January 2022

Premature birth and low birth weight are very important factors in neurodevelopment. Current research in this population focuses on children born prematurely, with no underlying complications in the post-natal period, who are likely to develop specific disorders with their language development and consequently with their learning capabilities too. This study aims to analyse the oral language skills of prematurely born children in comparison to their school-aged peers. The children were assessed in the respective schools, 27 preterm children (16 under 32 weeks and 11 with 32 or more weeks of gestation) and 49 term paired by gender, age, and school year. Tests including simple and complex structures for assessing semantics, morphosyntax, and phonology were used, as well as a test of verbal memory. Preterm born children, regardless of their prematurity grade, showed significantly lower results than their peers, and more than a half of them, 52%, presented low scores in all language tests simultaneously, showing an important language deficit. In contrast, in the term born children group only 14% showed low scores simultaneously in all tests. Verbal memory ability proved to be lower than that of their term peers, regardless of the gestational age and birth weight of preterm children. As a result of this analysis we consider that the evaluation of the linguistic development of these children, even in cases of moderate to late prematurity, should be monitored in order to identify earlier the existence of deficits and prevent psychosocial and learning problems.
Paleontological rescue, depositional environment, and stratigraphic correlation of a section of the Ponta Grossa Formation (Paraná Basin)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Bosetti Elvio Pinto , Myszynski Junior Lucinei Jose ,   Instituto Federal do Paraná, IFPR, Jaguariaíva, PR, Sedorko Daniel ,   Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, UFU, Monte Carmelo, MG, Oliveira Luana ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Pereira Iniwara Kurovski ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Richter Kevin William ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR, Goltz Gabrieli ,   Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Ponta Grossa, PR
Published: January 2022

The urban area of Ponta Grossa (PR) occurs on one of the most abundant fossiliferous fields in the country, which records an endemic fauna that occurred in the Devonian of the Paraná Basin. The growing urbanization of the city increasingly buries these outcrops, and new works must be accompanied by a specialized team to safeguard the paleontological heritage. This is the case of the Bosque Mistral project, which exposed many layers of the Ponta Grossa Formation, rich in fossils and trace fossils. This study reports the main fossiliferous occurrences in the section, correlates the section with classical outcrops from the literature, and interprets the main depositional environments as well stratigraphic cycles using an integrated analysis of sedimentology and ichnology. The ichnological distribution also evidences the retrogradation pattern, and, particularly, the occurrence of ichnofabrics dominated by Zoophycos at the top of the section is a signature of high-frequency cycles associated with the transgressive systems tract. Macrofossill biodiversity varies according to the facies, in the sandy and silty layers different organisms from the muddy layers occur. In the former, the epibiont fauna (mainly trilobites and brachiopods) is predominant while in the muddy layers the predominance is the endobiont and semi-endobiont fauna (bivalve mollusks and infaunal brachiopods). In other words, the distribution of taxa across the layers is not random.
Studies on engineering properties of multiplier onion
Authors: Devojee B
Published: January 2022

The knowledge of physical and mechanical properties of onion bulb is important for successful design of any planter. Multiplier onion is propagated through bulbs and bulbs are planted manually. Manual planting of onion bulb is highly labour intensive (80-100 man-days ha-1) due to the close plant geometry (plant to plant and row to row spacing is 10 × 15 cm) among the vegetable crops. Engineering properties of multiplier onion were determined in order to design and develop a tractor operated raised bed onion bulb planter. In multiplier onion each onion comprises of 4-5 bulbs. These bulbs were cleaned, separated into single bulbs and divided in to 9 categories manually based on their individual weight viz., <2g, 2-3 g, 3-4 g, 4-5 g, 5-6 g, 6-7 g, 7-8 g, 8-9 g, >9 g. The onion bulb had a moisture content of 80.62±0.87 %. It was observed that the properties varied for different sizes of onion grades and the grades had highly significant effect on most of the properties. The linear dimensions of onion bulbs viz., length, width, thickness for nine grades ranged from 21.21±2.60 to 32.31±3.30 mm, 13.54±1.77 to 30.95±2.91 mm and 10.91±1.40 to 22.63±2.15 mm. The geometric mean diameter, sphericity, shape index and projected area all ranged from 28.22±2.04 to 14.54±0.96 mm, 0.87±0.06 to 0.69±0.08, 1.78±0.32 to 1.22±0.14 and 5.50±0.51 to 1.55±0.30 cm2, respectively. The one hundred onion bulb weight, bulk density, true density were in the range of 1185±19.59 to 121.6±6.30 g, 793.20± 9.45 to 480.19±13.13 kg.m-3, 1086± 205.22 to 1013.6±348.85 kg.m-3, respectively. The angle of repose decreased with increase in size of onion bulbs. The interaction between sphericity, shape index and angle of repose indicated that as the size of the onion size increase angle of repose decreased.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease: expert consensus statement by KASID
Authors: Lee Yoo Jin , Kim Seong-Eun , Park Yong Eun , Chang Ji Young , Song Hyun Joo , Kim Duk Hwan , Yang Young Joo , Kim Byung Chang , Lee Jae Gon , Yang Hee Chan , Choi Miyoung , Myung Seung-Jae ,   The Clinical Practice Guideline Committee of the Korean Association for the Study of the Intestinal Diseases (KASID)
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus, is threatening global health worldwide with unprecedented contagiousness and severity. The best strategy to overcome COVID-19 is a vaccine. Various vaccines are currently being developed, and mass vaccination is in progress. Despite the very encouraging clinical trial results of these vaccines, there is insufficient information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients facing various issues. After reviewing current evidence and international guidelines, the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases developed an expert consensus statement on COVID-19 vaccination issues for Korean IBD patients. This expert consensus statement emphasizes that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination be strongly recommended for IBD patients, and it is safe for IBD patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Hydrocarbons on Gold Catalyst in the Presence of Ionic Liquid
Authors: Arshid M Ali Arshid M Ali , Aqeel Taimoor Aqeel Taimoor , Ayyaz Muhammad Ayyaz Muhammad , Muhammad A Daous and Usman Saeed Muhammad A Daous and Usman Saeed
Published: January 2022

This study is aimed to investigate the electro-catalytic activity of Au supported on both CeO2 and activated carbon (AC) to convert CO2 to mixture of C1-C4 hydrocarbons in the presence of ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate. The studied catalyst samples were prepared by using simultaneous wet impregnation method. The sample containing 0.6 % Au showed higher electro-catalytic activity than the sample contained 0.3 % Au. Both, the average Au particles size and the transformation of layered non-uniformed semi-oval structure to flaked tiny circular like-structure were mainly responsible for the higher catalytic activity of 0.6Au-CeO2-AC sample. In addition, the overall electro-catalytic activity depends upon the applied reaction voltage. Overall, the presence of IL, the surface morphology, and average Au particles size had played a key role in the electro-catalytic conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons.
(2E)-3-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one: Synthesis, Characterization (IR, NMR and UV-Vis) DFT Study and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Nevin S leymano lu Nevin S leymano lu , Re at Ustaba Re at Ustaba , Fatih Eyduran Fatih Eyduran , ahin Direkel ahin Direkel , Yasemin nver Yasemin nver , Nuran Kahriman Nuran Kahriman
Published: January 2022

In this study new chalcone derivative (2E)-3-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (I), which has important pharmacological applications, was designed and synthesized. IR, NMR and LC-MS/MS empirical methods were used in order to confirm the molecular structure of the synthesized compound I. Both two tautomeric forms of the molecule were optimized by using density functional theory (DFT) method. The structural parameters formed after optimization and structural parameters obtained from similar compounds by X-ray diffraction show a good correlation. The theoretical and experimental results of IR and NMR are generally compatible, but difference arises between some values. This difference shows the existence of O–Hand#183;and#183;and#183;O type intermolecular hydrogen bond. By using its UV-Vis data, the visible absorption maximums of the molecule were analyzed. Compound I was tested against kind of Leishmania major from the point of antileishmanial activity, against kind of Candida albicans from the point of antifungal activity and against fourteen kinds of bacteria from the point of antibacterial activity in this study. The test results showed, that compound I was effective on eight kinds of bacteria and the activity strength on six bacteria among the eight was MIC: 5000 μg/mL and on the rest two kinds MIC: 1250 μg/mL. Besides, it was also found out, that compound I has MIC: 5000 μg/mL antileishmanial activity. Since bacterial and parasitic infections form serious health problems globally, compound I may be a medication candidate in future; if its antibacterial and antiparasitic effect are taken into consideration.
The Metal Complexes of Natural Compounds, Usnic Acid and Naringenin Immobilized on Mesoporous Silica: Solid Phase Extraction and Oxidative Catalytic Properties
Authors: Serhan URU Serhan URU , Ahmet AKIR Ahmet AKIR , brahim Ethem ULU AY and Ali ASLAN brahim Ethem ULU AY and Ali ASLAN
Published: January 2022

The novel semi-natural Schiff bases were synthesized with the reaction of the natural compounds usnic acid and naringenin extracted and purified in natural sources and chemically modified silica gel. Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) complexes of the ligands were synthesized and the silica-supported ligands and their metal complexes were characterized by FT-IR, TG/DTA, SEM, EDX, ICP-OES and elemental analyses techniques. The solid-phase extraction behaviours of the novel silica-supported ligands were examined. It was found that the hybrid materials showed the very efficient adsorption properties to Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III) metal ions maximum at pH=8-9. The metal ions could be recovered again nearly 100 % from the silica-supported ligands in the recycling experiments. The catalytic efficiencies of the metal complexes in the oxidation reactions of cyclohexane, cylohexene, cyclooctane and styrene subtrates were examined under microwave irradiation in the present of H2O2. The complexes showed very good catalytic activities in the oxidation reactions of the various tested substrates.