bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles Entailed by Complexity, Crucial Events, and Multifractal Dimensionality
Authors: West Bruce J. , Mudaliar Senthil
Published: February 2025

Complexity is one of those descriptive terms adopted in science that we think we understand until it comes time to form a coherent definition upon which everyone can agree. Suddenly, we are awash in conditions that qualify this or that situation, much like we were in the middle of the last century when it came time to determine the solutions to differential equations that were not linear. Consequently, this tutorial is not an essay on the mathematics of complexity nor is it a rigorous review of the recent growth spurt of complexity science, but is rather an exploration of how physiologic time series (PTS) in the life sciences that have eluded traditional mathematical modeling become less mysterious when certain historical assumptions are discarded and so-called ordinary statistical events in PTS are replaced with crucial events (CEs) using mutifractal dimensionality as the working measure of complexity. The empirical datasets considered include respiration, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and electroencephalograms (EEGs), and as different as these time series appear from one another when recorded, they are in fact shown to be in synchrony when properly processed using the technique of modified diffusion entropy analysis (MDEA). This processing reveals a new synchronization mechanism among the time series which simultaneously measures their complexity by means of the multifractal dimension of each time series and are shown to track one another across time. These results reveal a set of priciples that capture the manner in which information is exchanged among physiologic organ networks.
Study on the Vibration Characteristics of Wire Rope in Static Testing of Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Qin Zhiwen , Zhang Yuhuan , Li Jialin , Zhang Leian , Yang Panpan
Published: February 2025

Significant vibrations of the traction wire rope can impact the efficiency and accuracy of static testing in wind turbine blade assessments. This study focuses on the vibration characteristics of the wire rope under static loading conditions. A simulation model for single-point static tests of wind turbine blades was developed using Adams software and validated through wire rope tension and longitudinal acceleration measurements during static tests on a full-scale 71.5-m blade. The validated model was used to analyze the effects of wire rope span and pulley position on vibration amplitude and tension in single-point loading scenarios. The results show that increasing the wire rope span and the distance between the pulley and blade fixture significantly amplifies vibration. Adjusting the span of the wire rope and the pulley position causes the primary vibration frequency to approach the natural frequency, leading to a substantial increase in vibration near the resonance frequency. To avoid resonance and reduce vibration, it is recommended to use two misaligned ground tracks, ensuring the wire rope span does not exceed 30 m and the distance between the pulley and blade fixture does not exceed 7 m. Specific resonance combinations of wire rope span and pulley position should be avoided to improve the precision and reliability of the testing system.
Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting for an Industrial Plant Using Machine Learning-Based Algorithms
Authors: Timur Oğuzhan , Üstünel Halil Yaşar
Published: February 2025

As the global energy landscape evolves towards sustainability, the extensive usage of fossil fuels in electricity generation is progressively diminishing, while the contribution of renewable energy sources is steadily increasing. In this evolving scenario, the importance of load forecasting cannot be overstated in optimizing energy management and ensuring the efficient operation of industrial plants regardless of their scale. By accurately anticipating energy demand, industrial facilities can enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and facilitate the adoption of renewable energy technologies in the power grid. Recent studies have emphasized the pervasive utilization of machine learning-based algorithms in the field of electric load forecasting for industrial plants. Their capacity to analyze intricate patterns and enhance prediction accuracy renders them a favored option for enhancing energy management and operational efficiency. The present analysis revolves around the creation of short-term electric load forecasting models for a large industrial plant operating in Adana, Turkey. The integration of calendar, meteorological, and lagging electrical variables, along with machine learning-based algorithms, is employed to boost forecasting accuracy and optimize energy utilization. The ultimate objective of the present study is to conduct a thoroughgoing and detailed analysis of the statistical performance of the models and associated error metrics. The metrics employed include the R2 and MAPE values.
Optimized Configuration of Multi-Source Measurement Devices Based on Distributed Principles
Authors: Xu Yuhao , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhao Jing , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ge Jinming
Published: February 2025

The increasing uncertainties and model computational complexity of large-scale power system state estimation have led to the emergence of a class of multi-source metrology devices to provide vector data for the grid to improve the observability. Considering the difficult problem of optimizing the configuration of multi-source measurement devices due to the large number of nodes, a distributed optimal configuration framework for multi-source measurement data is proposed. First, based on the concepts of sensitivity and electrical distance, the sensitivity electrical distance is derived and the power system is partitioned using the improved community partitioning principle; considering the problem of partitioning information exchange, synchronized phase measurement units are configured at the boundary nodes. Secondly, within the aforementioned partition, the optimal configuration of feeder terminal units and smart meters is carried out by combining the requirements of zero-injection nodes and viewability. Finally, the proposed method is verified in the IEEE33 node example, and the results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the configuration cost of the equipment on both sides of the system while guaranteeing the system viewability, which is highly feasible and economical.
The Global Electricity Grid: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dora Bimal Kumar , Bhat Sunil , Mitra Arghya , Ernst Damien , Halinka Adrian , Zychma Daria , Sowa Pawel
Published: February 2025

Renewable energy includes a wide variety of technologies that may provide electric energy without releasing greenhouse gases. However, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, relying on a single source cannot ensure a steady energy supply, making it essential to combine multiple renewable energies with thermal generators to meet the required energy demand. Furthermore, the economic feasibility of renewable energy can vary significantly across different geographical regions. These challenges can be addressed successfully through the global electricity grid concept. It enables the efficient transmission of clean energy over long distances, and it allows nations to capitalize on their unique renewable energy strengths, facilitating the seamless exchange of clean energy to meet global demand while optimizing the use of renewable resources worldwide. This paper examines global and regional initiatives aimed at fostering a sustainable energy future, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental transmission networks. Although the challenges and opportunities of the global electricity grid are well understood, the quantification of its costs, benefits, and environmental impacts remains in its infancy, leaving a significant gap in the current literature.
Optimization and Construction of Forestland Ecological Security Pattern: A Case Study of the Huai River Source–Dabie Mountains in China
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Xu Shilin , Huang Xin , Yang Chaochen , Li Yongsheng
Published: February 2025

In this research, we chose six indicators—soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration, windbreak and sand fixation, biodiversity conservation, and forest recreation—to compute the forestland ecosystem service index for forestland within the study region, utilizing time series data. The outcomes reveal that the aggregate index of forestland ecosystem services exhibits a spatial distribution characterized by higher values in the northeastern part and lower values in the southwestern part, with an upward trend over time. Among these functions, windbreak and sand fixation, water conservation, carbon sequestration, and forest recreation all maintained relatively high growth rates. We selected 10 factors that are closely related to the natural environment and human activities and employed spatial principal component analysis to develop a comprehensive resistance surface. Based on the assessment results of forestland ecosystem functions, in conjunction with morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) as well as landscape connectivity analysis, we optimized the method for identifying ecological source sites and extracted 38 ecological source sites. Subsequently, leveraging circuit theory, we extracted 91 ecological corridors and pinpointed 25 ecological nodes, ultimately constructing a forestland ecosystem security pattern (ESP) in the study area and proposing restoration strategies.
Stability and Controllability Analysis of Stochastic Fractional Differential Equations Under Integral Boundary Conditions Driven by Rosenblatt Process with Impulses
Authors: Algolam Mohamed S. , Hussain Sadam , Younis Bakri A. I. , Osman Osman , Muflh Blgys , Aldwoah Khaled , Eljaneid Nidal
Published: February 2025

Differential equations are frequently used to mathematically describe many problems in real life, but they are always subject to intrinsic phenomena that are neglected and could influence how the model behaves. In some cases like ecosystems, electrical circuits, or even economic models, the model may suddenly change due to outside influences. Occasionally, such changes start off impulsively and continue to exist for specific amounts of time. Non-instantaneous impulses are used in the creation of the models for this kind of scenario. In this paper, a new class of non-instantaneous impulsive ψ-Caputo fractional stochastic differential equations under integral boundary conditions driven by the Rosenblatt process was examined. Semigroup theory, stochastic theory, the Banach fixed-point theorem, and fractional calculus were applied to investigating the existence of piecewise continuous mild solutions for the systems under consideration. The impulsive Gronwall’s inequality was employed to establish the unique stability conditions for the system under consideration. Furthermore, we examined the controllability results of the proposed system. Finally, some examples were provided to demonstrate the validity of the presented work.
Effect of Polydextrose on the Cooking and Gelatinization Properties and Microstructure of Chinese Early Indica Rice
Authors: Wang Mengya , Liu Chang , Luo Xiaohong , Wu Jianzhang , Li Xingjun
Published: February 2025

To reduce the hard texture of cooked early indica rice, two types of polydextrose (ST with 1% moisture content (MC) and XG with 4.7% MC) were added at 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%, respectively, to the cooking milled rice polished from the paddies of the 2.5-year-stored IP46 variety and the newly harvested Sharuan Nian (SRN) variety. Compared with early indica rice without polydextrose, the cooking time was significantly reduced and gruel solids loss was increased with the increase in polydextrose addition. Generalized linear model (GLM) analysis shows that both polydextrose equally reduced the hardness, adhesive force, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of the cooked early indica rice, and maintained the resilience. They also significantly reduced the rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) parameters like the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback viscosity of early indica rice, and significantly increased the peak time and pasting temperature. Both polydextrose significantly increased the gelatinization temperature of rice flour measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)and reduced the gelatinization enthalpy and aging. Compared with the sample without polydextrose, the addition of two types of polydextrose significantly increased the dough development time of rice flour measured by a Mixolab, but reduced the maximum gelatinization torque, starch breakdown and setback torque, and heating rate. XG had a higher capability in decreasing the rice cooking time and the aging of retrograded rice flour paste, and in increasing the score of the appearance structure and taste in cooked rice than ST; ST was better in decreasing the gelatinization enthalpy of rice flour paste and the setback torque of rice dough than XG, maybe due to the polymer molecular weight. Microstructure analysis showed that adding polydextrose promoted the entry of water molecules into the surface of the rice kernel and the dissolution of starch, and the honeycomb structure was gradually destroyed, resulting in larger pores. The cross-section of the cooked rice kernel formed cracks due to the entry of water, the cracks in the IP46 variety were larger and shallower than those in the SRN variety, and there were more filamentous aggregates in the IP46 variety. Polydextrose addition aggravated the swelling of starch granules, made the internal structure loose and produced an obvious depression in the central area of the cross-section, forming soft and evenly swollen rice kernels. These results suggest that polydextrose addition can significantly improve the hard texture of cooked early indica rice and shorten the cooking time.
Insight into the Characterization of Two Female Suppressor Gene Families: SOFF and SyGI in Plants
Authors: Zhu Yanrui , Ahmad Zeeshan , Lv Youjun , Zhang Yongshan , Chen Guodong
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The Suppressor of Female Function (SOFF) and Shy Girl (SyGI) gene families play vital roles in sex determination in dioecious plants. However, their evolutionary dynamics and functional characteristics remain largely unexplored. Methods: Through this study, a systematic bioinformatics analysis of SOFF and SyGI families was performed in plants to explore their evolutionary relationships, gene structures, motif synteny and functional predictions. Results: Phylogenetic analysis showed that the SOFF family expanded over time and was divided into two subfamilies and seven groups, while SyGI was a smaller family made of compact molecules with three groups. Synteny analysis revealed that 125 duplicated gene pairs were identified in Kiwifruit where WGD/segmental duplication played a major role in duplicating these events. Structural analysis predicted that SOFF genes have a DUF 247 domain with a transmembrane region, while SyGI sequences have an REC-like conserved domain, with a “barrel-shaped” structure consisting of five α-helices and five β-strands. Promoter region analysis highlighted their probable regulatory roles in plant development, hormone signaling and stress responses. Protein interaction analysis exhibited only four SOFF genes with a close interaction with other genes, while SyGI genes had extensive interactions, particularly with cytokinin signal transduction pathways. Conclusions: The current study offers a crucial understanding of the molecular evolution and functional characteristics of SOFF and SyGI gene families, providing a foundation for future functional validation and genetic studies on developmental regulation and sex determination in dioecious plants. Also, this research enhances our insight into plant reproductive biology and offers possible targets for breeding and genetic engineering approaches.
Exploring Burnout at the Morgue During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Phase Analysis of Forensic and Pathology Personnel
Authors: Oprinca-Muja Lilioara-Alexandra , Cristian Adrian-Nicolae , Topîrcean Elena , Cristian Alina , Popa Marius Florentin , Cardoș Roxana , Oprinca George-Călin , Atasie Diter , Mihalache Cosmin , Bucuță Mihaela Dana , Morar Silviu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Burnout is a critical concern among healthcare professionals, particularly during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated burnout levels among forensic medicine and pathology personnel at three distinct phases: the early pandemic period (Phase 1—September 2020), the peak of the pandemic (Phase 2—October 2021), and the post-pandemic period (Phase 3—October 2024). Methods: A total of 37 participants employed in forensic medicine and pathology departments completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess within-subject differences over time. Normality and sphericity were tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Mauchly’s test, with the Greenhouse-Geisser correction. Post hoc Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons identified significant differences, and partial eta squared (η2) was reported for effect sizes. Results: Results showed significant fluctuations in burnout levels across the three phases. Emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment peaked during Phase 2, with slight reductions observed in Phase 3. Gender differences were evident, with females reporting higher EE levels and males exhibiting higher depersonalization across all phases. Marital and parental status also influenced burnout levels, with unmarried individuals and those without children showing higher burnout scores. Medical doctors experienced the highest burnout levels among professional roles, while auxiliary staff showed significant challenges in the PA subscale. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was pivotal in exacerbating burnout levels due to increased workload, crisis decision-making, and emotional toll. Although the sample size is limited, these findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to mitigate burnout among forensic and pathology personnel, especially during healthcare emergencies. Gender-based differences in burnout suggest the necessity of specific workplace well-being strategies, while the protective role of family status demonstrates the importance of work-life balance policies. The persistence of psychological distress after a medical crisis calls for long-term monitoring and support programs. There is a need for improved workload distribution, peer support networks, and mental health training to build resilience among forensic and pathology personnel.
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Dual Antiviral Therapy in Immunosuppressed Patients with Protracted SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Travi Giovanna , Peracchi Francesco , Merli Marco , Ravano Emanuele , Frustaci Anna , Deodato Marina , Fanti Diana , Nava Alice , Colombo Valeriana , Bana Nicholas Brian , Rogati Carlotta , Raimondi Alessandro , Moioli Cristina , Pazzi Anna Maria , Vecchi Marta , Motta Davide , Rossotti Roberto , Oltolini Chiara , Crippa Fulvio , Minetti Enrico , Vismara Chiara , Cairoli Roberto , Puoti Massimo
Published: February 2025

Background: Immunosuppressed patients still exhibit a high mortality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, up to 21%. Persistent viral load replication and protracted viral symptoms result in a high risk of developing pneumonia, a potential risk of antiviral resistance, and a subsequent delay of onco-hematological treatments. Methods: Hematological patients and kidney transplant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, treated at GOM Niguarda Hospital (Milan) with combined antiviral therapy (remdesivir plus nirmatrelvir/ritonavir at standard doses) between November 2022 and March 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirty-four patients were analyzed. Twenty-four (71%) patients had pneumonia. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 positivity before antiviral treatment was 40 (10–34) days. The median treatment duration was 11 (10–10) days. All patients went through clinical resolution. Thirteen patients were exposed to a new immune-chemotherapy cycle early after antiviral treatment (median 13, IQR 6–12 days), while five resumed a standard immunosuppressive regimen immediately after viral clearance. No relapse or recurrence of symptoms was reported for up to 226 (106–318) days of follow-up. Antiviral therapy was well tolerated, and no adverse events were observed. The 30-day overall survival was 94%, while the 90-day survival was 88%. No patient died of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: The administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and remdesivir lead to the complete resolution of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with no side effects in this cohort. The combination of these two antivirals may be a safe option in immunosuppressed population at risk of severe complications and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to treat severe clinical presentation and to avoid viral recurrence after chemotherapy.
The Impact of City-Led Neighborhood Action on the Coproduction of Neighborhood Quality and Safety in Buffalo, NY
Authors: Robb Katharine , Uribe Pablo , Dickens Eleanor , Marcoux Ashley , Creighton Jessica , de Jong Jorrit
Published: February 2025

Creating and sustaining safe, healthy urban environments requires active collaboration between residents and local governments. Public safety and the upkeep of public spaces depend, in a large part, on residents’ reports of crime and service needs. However, in underserved areas, factors such as urban decay, inadequate public services, and concentrated disadvantage have weakened these cooperative dynamics. This breakdown can exacerbate the underreporting of crime and service needs and deepen neighborhood inequalities. In Buffalo, NY, the city-led initiative “Clean Sweeps” works to reduce neighborhood disparities through rapid beautification and community outreach in targeted city blocks. The program aims to improve quality of life by reducing crime and blight while fostering greater community engagement. In an analysis of data from 77,955 matched properties (published elsewhere), we found that residents were more likely to report drug-related crimes (via 911) and blight-related service needs (via 311) compared to untreated properties in the 6 months following the Clean Sweep. In this study, we analyze data from 21 interviews with city staff and four focus groups with residents to explore how interventions in the social and physical environment of neighborhoods, like the Clean Sweep innovation, can influence residents’ willingness to coproduce with local government. We identify improved responsiveness, trust, and self-efficacy as key mechanisms impacting residents’ reporting behavior. The findings show how relatively simple environmental interventions paired with outreach can help create safer, healthier neighborhoods.
Love vs. Risk: Women with Sickle Cell Disease Face Reproductive Decision-Making Dilemmas
Authors: Roberts Lisa R. , Fider Carlene O. , Sahin Safiye , Frederick Jayde , Nation Ilsa , Montgomery Susanne
Published: February 2025

Sickle cell disease/trait (SCD/T) is the most common genetic blood disorder in the U.S., characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises resulting in considerable morbidity and premature death. Advances in treatment have somewhat improved the quality of life and longevity. Therefore, people with SCD/T are now living into their reproductive years. However, pregnant individuals with SCD have a maternal mortality risk of up to 26 times higher than the national average. Individuals with sickle cell trait also have an increased risk of untoward maternal health outcomes. We sought to understand reproductive health concerns among women with SCD/T, through data collected from patients, caregivers, advocates, and healthcare professionals using key informant interviews and focus groups (N = 54). Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, coded inductively, and analyzed thematically. Three major themes emerged: (1) the Dilemma of Love vs. Risk, (2) SCD/T Knowledge, and (3) the Mental and Emotional Toll of SCD/T. Reproductive concerns and experiences among women with SCD/T influence their mental health and social engagement. Programs are urgently needed that address the unique SCD/T reproductive health risks and communication and support needs. These include readily accessible, age-appropriate SCD/T reproductive health information, counseling, and engaging communication tools for women and their potential partners. Support requires a multidisciplinary approach.
The Loss of HJV Aggravates Muscle Atrophy by Promoting the Activation of the TβRII/Smad3 Pathway
Authors: Wang Lu , Tao Wuchen , Jia Jiajie , Yuan Min , Li Wenjiong , Zhang Peng , Chen Xiaoping
Published: February 2025

Hemojuvelin (HJV) is a membrane-bound protein prominently expressed in the skeletal muscle, heart, and liver. Despite its established function in iron regulation, the specific role of HJV in muscle physiology and pathophysiology is not well understood. In this study, we explored the involvement of HJV in disuse-induced muscle atrophy and uncovered the potential mechanisms. Hindlimb unloading (HU) resulted in soleus muscle atrophy in wild type (WT) mice, accompanied by a significant decrease in HJV protein expression. The muscle-specific deletion of Hjv (MKO) exacerbated myofiber atrophy, which was associated with an increase in the expression of muscle ubiquitin ligases following HU. Furthermore, the expression of transforming growth factor-β type II receptor (TβRII) and the level of phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) were elevated after HU, and these effects were exacerbated in MKO mice. The knockdown of TβRII in the skeletal muscle of MKO mice mitigated myofiber atrophy and reversed the hyperactivation of the TβRII/Smad3 pathway induced by HU. Our findings demonstrate that the absence of HJV contributes to the activation of the TβRII/Smad3 signaling pathway and, consequently, the onset of myofiber atrophy in response to HU. Given its abundant expression in skeletal muscle, HJV emerges as a potential therapeutic target for muscle atrophy.
Theoretical Study on the Metabolic Mechanism of Heptachlor in Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Zhao Xuerui , Zhang Hao , Shen Xiaoli , Zheng Qingchuan , Wang Song
Published: February 2025

Heptachlor (HEP) is an insecticide metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the human liver, resulting in the formation of heptachlor epoxide (HEPX). HEPX can persist in the human body for a long duration. Therefore, it can be extremely harmful. A comprehensive understanding of HEP’s metabolic fate may provide a theoretical basis for mitigating associated hazards. However, the specific human CYP isoforms that metabolize HEP, and their metabolic mechanisms, remain unclear. In this study, eight human CYP isoforms were used as catalytic enzymes to investigate the metabolic mechanism of HEP using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations. These results indicate that HEP primarily binds to CYP enzymes through hydrophobic interactions, and that the binding positions of HEP are determined by the composition and shape of the hydrophobic pockets near the active site. Based on the reaction distance, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were the only three enzymes that could metabolize HEP. The epoxidation of HEP catalyzed by the doublet state of compound I was effectively concerted, and the rate-determining step was the electrophilic attack of the oxygen atom on HEP. The energy barriers of the rate-determining step vary significantly among different enzymes. A comparison of these energy barriers suggested that CYP3A5 is the most likely enzyme for HEP catalysis in humans.
The Frequency of a Magnetic Field Determines the Behavior of Tumor and Non-Tumor Nerve Cell Models
Authors: López de Mingo Isabel , Rivera González Marco-Xavier , Ramos Gómez Milagros , Maestú Unturbe Ceferino
Published: February 2025

The involvement of magnetic fields in basic cellular processes has been studied for years. Most studies focus their results on a single frequency and intensity. Intensity has long been the central parameter in hypotheses of interaction between cells and magnetic fields; however, frequency has always played a secondary role. The main objective of this study was to obtain a specific frequency that allows a reduction in the viability and proliferation of glioblastoma (CT2A) and neuroblastoma (N2A) cell models. These were compared with an astrocyte cell model (C8D1A) (nontumor) to determine whether there is a specific frequency of response for each of the cell lines used. The CT2A, C8D1A, and N2A cell lines were exposed to a magnetic field of 100 µT and a variable frequency range between 20 and 100 Hz for 24, 48 and 72 h. The results fit a biological window model in which the viability and proliferation of N2A and CT2A cells decrease statistically significantly in a 50 Hz center of value window. In addition, the non-tumor cell model showed different behavior from tumor cell models depending on the applied frequency. These results are promising in the use of magnetic fields for therapeutic purposes.
GDF15 Circulating Levels Are Associated with Metabolic-Associated Liver Injury and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Girona Josefa , Guardiola Montse , Barroso Emma , García-Altares María , Ibarretxe Daiana , Plana Núria , Ribalta Josep , Amigó Núria , Correig Xavier , Vázquez-Carrera Manuel , Masana Lluís , Rodríguez-Calvo Ricardo
Published: February 2025

There is growing evidence linking growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) to both metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and cardiovascular (CV) risk. Nevertheless, the potential relationship between circulating levels of GDF15 and key features of MASLD being predisposed to atherosclerotic CV disease is not fully unveiled. The aim of this study was to deepen into the role of circulating GDF15 levels on metabolic-associated liver injury and atherosclerotic CV disease. We determined the serum GDF15 levels in 156 participants of a metabolic patient-based cohort, and cross-sectionally explored its associations with liver injury and an advanced atherosclerotic lipoprotein profile assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Additionally, we prospectively evaluated the association between GDF15 levels at baseline and incident atherosclerotic CV disease after a 10-year follow-up. GDF15 was related to liver injury and inflammatory hallmarks, and it increased the likelihood for liver steatosis independently of confounding factors. Likewise, GDF15 was positively associated with an atherogenic profile, particularly with the number of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles and its cholesterol and triglyceride content, and with an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis (i.e., carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT)). The baseline serum GDF15 levels were higher in the patients with atherosclerotic CV disease (10.6%) after a 10-year follow-up than in the individuals without CV disease. Altogether, this study provides new insights into the role of GDF15 in both MASLD and CV disease.
A Localized Scalable DNA Logic Circuit System Based on the DNA Origami Surface
Authors: Tang Zhen , Li Shiyin , Chen Chunlin , Zhou Zhaohua , Yin Zhixiang
Published: February 2025

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) logic circuit systems provide a powerful arithmetic architecture for the development of molecular computations. DNA nanotechnology, particularly DNA origami, provides a nanoscale addressable surface for DNA logic circuit systems. Although molecular computations based on DNA origami surfaces have received significant attention in research, there are still obstacles to constructing localized scalable DNA logic circuit systems. Here, we developed elementary DNA logic circuits on a DNA origami surface by employing the strand displacement reaction (SDR) to realize the localized scalable DNA logic circuit systems. We showed that the constructed elementary logic circuits can be scaled up to the localized DNA logic circuit systems that perform arbitrary digital computing tasks, including square root functions, full adder and full subtractor. We used a 50% reduction in the number of localized DNA logic components, compared to localized logic systems based on the threshold strategy. We further demonstrated that the localized DNA logic circuit systems for three-satisfiability (3-SAT) problem solving and disease classification can be implemented using the constructed elementary DNA logic circuits. We expect our approach to provide a new design paradigm for the development of molecular computations and their applications in complex mathematical problem solving and disease diagnosis.
MicroRNA Profiling Identifies Age-Associated MicroRNAs and Potential Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Autism
Authors: Salloum-Asfar Salam , Ltaief Samia M. , Taha Rowaida Z. , Nour-Eldine Wared , Abdulla Sara A. , Al-Shammari Abeer R.
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which early diagnosis is critical for effective intervention and improved outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have emerged as promising biomarkers for neurological disorders, including ASD. In our previous discovery study, we identified dysregulated expression of several miRNAs in the plasma samples of children with ASD aged 5–12 years. In this study, we aimed to validate these findings in a younger cohort with ASD (aged 2–4 years) and assess their potential use as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD. A total of 108 young children aged 2–4 years were recruited, including 66 children with ASD and 42 age- and sex-matched controls. Using next-generation sequencing and advanced bioinformatics, we validated the differential expression of 17 miRNAs in ASD, which showed consistent dysregulation across both the current and previous cohorts. We also observed significant correlations between several miRNAs and participants’ age, suggesting that age is a key factor influencing dynamic miRNA changes, particularly in the ASD group. Pathway analysis linked these miRNAs to critical regulatory networks involved in neurodevelopment and immune responses. Finally, we found that a combination of four miRNAs (miR-4433b-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-335-5p, and miR-1180-3p) exhibited high diagnostic accuracy, with an area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.936 (95% CI = 0.892, 0.980; p < 0.001). These findings support the use of this four-miRNA panel as a robust biomarker for early ASD diagnosis and lay the groundwork for future research into miRNA-based diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for ASD.
International Survey on Phenylketonuria Newborn Screening
Authors: Trampuž Domen , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Zetterström Rolf H. , Scarpa Maurizio , Feillet François , Kožich Viktor , Tangeraas Trine , Drole Torkar Ana , Mlinarič Matej , Perko Daša , Remec Žiga Iztok , Lampret Barbka Repič , Battelino Tadej ,   ISNS Study Group on PKU, van Spronsen Francjan J. , Bonham James R. , Grošelj Urh
Published: February 2025

Newborn screening for Phenylketonuria enables early detection and timely treatment with a phenylalanine-restricted diet to prevent severe neurological impairment. Although effective and in use for 60 years, screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices still vary widely across countries and centers. To evaluate the Phenylketonuria newborn screening practices internationally, we designed a survey with questions focusing on the laboratory aspect of the screening system. We analyzed 24 completed surveys from 23 countries. Most participants used the same sampling age range of 48–72 h; they used tandem mass spectrometry and commercial non-derivatized kits to measure phenylalanine (Phe), and had non-negative cut-off values (COV) set mostly at 120 µmol/L of Phe. Participants mostly used genetic analysis of blood and detailed amino acid analysis from blood plasma as their confirmatory methods and set the COV for the initiation of dietary therapy at 360 µmol/L of Phe. There were striking differences in practice as well. While most participants reported a 48–72 h range for age at sampling, that range was overall quite diverse Screening COV varied as well. Additional screening parameters, e.g., the phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio were used by some participants to determine the screening result. Some participants included testing for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, or galactosemia in their diagnostic process. Results together showed that there is room to select a best practice from the many practices applied. Such a best practice of PKU-NBS parameters and post-screening parameters could then serve as a generally applicable guideline.
A Novel Comprehensive Framework for Detecting and Understanding Health-Related Misinformation
Authors: Padalko Halyna , Chomko Vasyl , Yakovlev Sergiy , Chumachenko Dmytro
Published: February 2025

The spread of health-related misinformation has become a significant global challenge, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study introduces a comprehensive framework for detecting and analyzing misinformation using advanced natural language processing techniques. The proposed classification model combines BERT embeddings with Bi-LSTM architecture and attention mechanisms, achieving high performance, including 99.47% accuracy and an F1-score of 0.9947. In addition to classification, topic modeling is employed to identify thematic clusters, providing valuable insights into misinformation narratives. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology in detecting misinformation while offering tools for understanding its underlying themes. The adaptable and scalable approach makes it applicable to various domains and datasets. This research improves public health communication and combating misinformation in digital environments.
Long-Term Survival of Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma with Endometriosis Surgical History
Authors: Chung Yun Soo , Baek Jin Kyung , Choi Euna , Kim Hae-Rim , Kim Heeyon , Lee Yong Jae , Yun Bo Hyon , Seo Seok Kyo
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The prognosis of endometriosis-related ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) versus non-endometriosis-associated OCCC remains unclear. We examined the impact of endometriosis on OCCC diagnosis and progression and assessed whether prior surgical intervention for endometriotic ovarian cysts affects prognosis. Methods: In this retrospective study (2006–2024), OCCC patients were classified as non-endometriosis-associated or endometriosis-related. A subgroup analysis compared endometriosis-related OCCC patients with and without a history of endometriotic ovarian cyst surgery. Results: The average CA-125 level was 104.20 (29.90, 347.70) in the non-endometriosis-associated OCCC group and 80.70 (32.40, 247.90) in the endometriosis-related OCCC group (p = 0.32). Early-stage diagnosis occurred in 62.77% and 75.21% of these groups, respectively (p = 0.046). The average age at diagnosis was 53.95 ± 9.71 years for the non-endometriosis-associated group and 45.68 ± 7.98 years for the endometriosis-related group (p < 0.001). Mortality or poor prognosis was observed in 24.11% and 17.80% of these groups, respectively (p = 0.226). In endometriosis-related OCCC, comparisons were made between patients with and without a history of endometriotic ovarian cyst surgery. The average age at diagnosis was 45.84 ± 8.24 years for those without a surgical history and 44.71 ± 6.35 years for those with a surgical history (p = 0.59). Early-stage diagnosis was observed in 77.23% and 62.50%, respectively (p = 0.339). Mortality or poor prognosis occurred in 14.85% of those without a surgical history and 35.29% of those with a surgical history (p = 0.008). The hazard ratio for women with a surgical history was 3.48 (1.29–8.69) (p = 0.008). The incidence rate was 3.17 per 1000 person-years (PYRs) for individuals without surgery and 13.36 per 1000 PYRs for those with a history of surgical intervention (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Endometriosis did not impact the prognosis of women with OCCC. However, women with endometriosis-related OCCC were diagnosed at earlier stages and at younger ages. A history of endometriotic ovarian cyst surgery did not influence OCCC detection but was linked to poorer survival outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Association with Maternal and Fetal Redox Status and Outcomes: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Bicanin Ilic Marija , Nikolic Turnic Tamara , Ilic Igor , Nikolov Aleksandar , Mujkovic Srdjan , Rakic Dejana , Jovic Nikola , Arsenijevic Neda , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Spasojevic Marija , Savic Jelena , Mihajlovic Katarina , Jeremic Nevena , Joksimovic Jovic Jovana , Pindovic Bozidar , Balovic Goran , Dimitrijevic Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Background: The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection during pregnancy on the fetus can be direct—transmitted through the placenta—and indirect—creating unfavorable conditions for the development of the fetus because of inflammation, micro-thrombosis, and hypercoagulation. Our study aimed to determine the types and frequency of pathohistological changes in placental tissue in SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnant women and to examine the possible role of oxidative stress in the prognosis of the delivery and its maternal and fetal complications. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 50 pregnant women divided into two groups, SARS-CoV-2 positive (COVID-19 group) and SARS-CoV-2 negative (control group), from who we collected demographic, clinical, obstetric, biochemical and pathologic data. Data about the newborn characteristics were also collected, which included anamnestic, clinical, and biochemical data. Results: The values of the superoxide anion radical and index of lipid peroxidation were significantly different in mothers concerning the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the levels of the nitric oxide, index of lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were significantly different in the newborns depending on the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Newborn characteristics were similar between groups except for concentrations of IgM antibody. The incidence of pathohistological changes of the FVM type in the COVID-19 group of pregnant women was 46%, while in the control group, the incidence was 18%. Conclusions: This study confirmed the significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection on maternal and fetal biochemical parameters and oxidative stress-mediated placental dysfunction. Future studies should be performed with more participants and follow-up neonatal development.
Prevalence of Nutritional Risk and Obesity in Mexican Cancer Outpatients
Authors: Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Vázquez-López Blanca Ernestina , Vega Lisset Magaña-de la , Rendón-Serrano Fernanda Monserrat , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , González-Ojeda Alejandro , González-Duarte José Alberto , Hernández-Corona Diana Mercedes , González-Heredia Tonatiuh , Villar Miriam Méndez-del , Meraz-Corona María Fernanda Isadora , Guzmán-Ornelas Milton Omar , Chávez-Tostado Verónica , Chávez-Tostado Mariana
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Malnutrition is a critical issue among cancer patients, leading to adverse clinical outcomes, including increased treatment toxicity, reduced physical function, and decreased survival. Nutritional screening is essential to identify patients at risk and provide timely interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various nutritional screening tools in identifying the risk of malnutrition and obesity in Mexican cancer outpatients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 396 adult cancer outpatients at a public hospital in Mexico. Nutritional risk was evaluated using NRS-2002, MUST, MST, NUTRISCORE, and PG-SGA, while malnutrition was assessed using GLIM criteria and PG-SGA. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected. Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients were calculated to determine the performance of the screening tools. Results: Nutritional risk was identified in 22.7–26.5% of patients, with the highest agreement observed between MUST and PG-SGA (k = 0.64). Malnutrition prevalence was higher using GLIM criteria (37.4%) compared to PG-SGA (25.8%, p < 0.001). Overweight and obesity affected 37.1% and 23.5% of patients, respectively. Low BMI and reduced HGS were strongly associated with nutritional risk and malnutrition (p < 0.001). Conclusions: MUST and PG-SGA are reliable tools for nutritional screening in cancer outpatients, while GLIM criteria detect a higher prevalence of malnutrition than PG-SGA. The high rates of overweight and obesity highlight the complex nutritional challenges in this population, emphasizing the need for tailored nutritional assessments and interventions.
Gender Differences in Coping Strategies and Life Satisfaction Following Cognitive-Behavioral and Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Crohn’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goren Ganit , Schwartz Doron , Friger Michael , Sergienko Ruslan , Monsonego Alon , Slonim-Nevo Vered , Greenberg Dan , Odes Shmuel , Sarid Orly
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition with significant physical and psychological impacts, often requiring comprehensive self-management. This study examines the effects of COBMINDEX (Cognitive–Behavioral and Mindfulness Intervention with Daily Exercise) on coping strategies and life satisfaction in CD patients, focusing on gender-specific responses. Study objectives were to assess the impact of COBMINDEX on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies and life satisfaction in CD patients, and to examine gender differences in these outcomes. Materials and Methods: A pre-planned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, conducted from 2018 to 2021, at two public tertiary hospitals in Israel. A total of 120 CD patients (45 men and 75 women) were randomly assigned to either theCOBMINDEX group or a wait-list control group. Participants were assessed at baseline and post-intervention for coping strategies, mindfulness, psychological symptoms, and life satisfaction using validated scales. Quantile regression explored the gender-specific predictors of life satisfaction. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05085925) and Israel Ministry of Health (MOH_2020- 02- 24_008721. asp). Results: Both genders showed significant improvements in mindfulness, emotion-focused coping, and active coping (p < 0.05). Women exhibited reduced dysfunctional coping and greater emotional support use. For men, emotion-focused coping and mindfulness positively predicted life satisfaction, while for women, reductions in psychological symptoms and dysfunctional coping were significant predictors (p < 0.01). Conclusions: COBMINDEX enhances coping strategies and life satisfaction in CD patients, with notable gender differences. These findings highlight the importance of gender-tailored psychological interventions to improve overall patient well-being.