bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penanganan Polri terhadap Tindak Pidana Perbankan Berdasarkan Restorative Justice
Authors: Widyana I Made
Published: December 2022

Pendahuluan: Salah satu kasus tindak pidana yang ditangani dengan pendekatan restorative justice dilakukan terhadap tersangka kasus pinjaman prapensiun. Sebelumnya pelaku yang merupakan karyawan bank syariah Indonesia menawarkan fasilitas kredit prapensiun kepada korban. Ternyata dari penawaran tersebut, korban tertarik dan menggunakan fasilitas kredit tersebut. Kemudian korban melengkapi persyaratan dan melakukan akad kredit. Tujuan: upaya penanganan tindak pidana secara formal perlu disubtitusikan dengan pendekatan yang lebih humanis dan transparan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Restorative Justice. Konsep Restorative Justice sendiri merupakan bagian dari Program Polri Presisi dalam hal peningkatan kinerja penegakan hukum melalui kegiatan Proses penegakan hukum yang memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat. Kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan aksi mengedepankan hukum progresif dalam penyelesaian perkara melalui restorative justice. Metode: Metode dalam penulisan ini dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif adalah berupa penelitian dengan metode atau pendekatan studi kasus. Penelitian ini fokus pada penanganan kasus perbankan yang diselesaikan menggunakan pendekatan restoratif justice secara intensif pada satu obyek tertentu yang mempelajarinya sebagai suatu kasus. Hasil: Prinsip utama penyelesaian tindak pidana melalui pendekatan restoratif merupakan suatu penyelesaian yang harus mampu menembus ruang hati dan pikiran para pihak yang terlibat dalam proses penyelesaian dalam rangka untuk memahami makna dan tujuan dilakukannya suatu pemulihan dan bentuk sanksi yang diterapkan adalah sanksi yang bersifat memulihkan atau mencegah. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbuatan membuat pencatatan palsu terhadap rekening seseorang untuk memperoleh keuntungan oleh pegawai bank dapat dipidanakan dengan pasal 49 UU Perbankan.
Analisis Pengaruh, Neraca Transaksi Berjalan, Jumlah Uang Beredar, Inflasi, Suku Bunga, dan Utang Luar Negeri Terhadap Nilai Tukar di Indonesia
Authors: Fernanda Nayottama Muhammad Rafi , Andrian Thomas
Published: December 2022

Pendahuluan: Nilai tukar sebagai indikator yang mencerminkan suatu kualitas ekonomi sebuah negara dimana kurs merupakan faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap arus permodalan internasional. Volatilitas nilai tukar yang semakin tinggi akan menyebabkan fluktuasi dari nilai tukar yang relatif tinggi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh neraca transaksi berjalan terhadap nilai tukar, untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah uang beredar terhadap nilai tukar, untuk mengetahui pengaruh inflasi terhadap nilai tukar, untuk mengetahui pengaruh suku bunga Bank Indonesia, untuk mengetahui pengaruh utang luar negeri terhadap nilai tukar. Metode: Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif adalah jenis pendekatan dalam sebuah penelitian dimana data yang digunakan berupa angka dan hasil penelitian didapat atau diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode statistik atau kuantitatif (pengukuran) lainnya. Hasil: dapat disimpulkan bahwa data variabel neraca transaksi berjalan stasioner pada tingkat level. Variabel jumlah uang beredar memiliki nilai absolut PP test -0.125947 < nilai kritis 5% yaitu -2.931404 dan nilai prob sebesar 0.9399 > 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan data variabel jumlah uang beredar tidak stasioner pada tingkat level. Variabel inflasi memiliki nilai absolut PP test -1.033267 < nilai kritis 5% yaitu -2.931404 dan nilai prob sebesar 0.3033 > 0,05 sehingga data variabel inflasi tidak stasioner pada tingkat level. Kesimpulan: Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan teori dan hipotesisnya. 2.) Persamaan dalam jangka panjang: Dinilai secara individu bahwa variabel independen neraca transaksi berjalan dalam jangka panjang memiliki pengaruh negatif (apresiasi) signifikan terhadap variabel dependen nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan teori dan hipotesisnya.
Aktivitas Perempuan di Ruang Publik Perspektif Sadd al-Żarī’ah
Authors: Mazani Hanafiyah
Published: December 2022

Salah satu hal yang ikut berubah mengalir sesuai perkembangan budaya hidup masyarakat adalah menyangkut perempuan. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tentang hukum aktivitas perempuan di ruang publik perspektif sadd al-żarī’ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan (library research). Data yang dikumpulkan melalui sumber primer dan sekunder dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analisis (content analysis). Enam permasalahan berkaitan perempuan yang menjadi pokok penelitian ini dan dikhususkan pada yang termaktub dalam kitab Ahkamul Fuqaha, yaitu perempuan keluar rumah dengan wajah terbuka dan kedua tangannya dan bahkan kedua kakinya, hukum wanita mendatangi kegiatan keagamaan, perempuan keluar rumah bersama wanita lain untuk shalat hari raya, perempuan sebagai kahtib shalat ‘id, hukum perempuan kerja di luar rumah pada malam hari, hukum perempuan berpidato ditengah laki-laki ajnabi, dan  hukum perempuan menjadi anggota DPR/DPRD, dengan memformulasikan sadd al- żarī’ah menghasilkan jawaban, jika aktivitasnya dalam kapasitas hajiy dan ḍrūriy maka agama melegalkannya dengan ketentuan menutupi aurat, berpakaian yang tidak membangkitkan syahwat, menggunakan wangi-wangian yang tidak mencolok, seizin orang yang harus mendapatkan izinnya, tidak mengabaikan hak-haknya di rumah. Syariat membolehkan beraktivitas di luar rumah, karena fitnah yang biasa terjadi yaitu dilihat oleh laki-laki dan belum tentu melihat dengan syahwat tidak membatalkan legalitas kebolehan perempuan keluar rumah ketika berhadapan dengan kepentingan hajiy atau ḍrūriy.
Pentahelix's Strategy in Reducing the Risk of a COVID-19 Pandemic Disaster at Semaki Village, Umbulharjo Yogyakarta
Authors: Haifani Shodiq , Paripurno Eko Teguh
Published: December 2022

Pentahelix concept is an innovation in the field of disaster management which includes the government, academia, media, private sector and community. The pentahelix parties is needed stop the transmission of COVID-19. The Umbulharjo Kemantren contributed 45.45% of the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients in the City of Yogyakarta. Semaki has the lowest number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 compared to other Kelurahans in the Umbulharjo. This study aims to describe the role of the parties in reducing the impact, strategies of the parties in reducing the COVID-19 pandemic disaster in Semaki. This research is a field research to explain the COVID-19 disaster and the patterns used to deal with it. The data obtained from observations, document studies, questionnaires and interviews. Observations were made to observe objects and research subjects directly in the field, the results of the observations were recorded and used as material for interviews. Document studies are carried out by examining documents from the sub-district, incident records, and documents. The questionnaire was conducted by involving 100 respondents from the Semaki. Interviews were conducted with both formal and informal nature. The government make regulations and mobilize every element within the government according to the field of work, academics play a role in education and training on the use of online meetings, media does coverage, private sector contributes in food assistance and isolation places, and the community carried out spraying activities, provided assistance to isoman residents, collected data and carried out area monitoring.
Family Affective Functions and Temper Tantrums in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kurniyawan Enggal Hadi , Fitri Lisca Nurmalika , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini , Wuryaningsih Emi Wuri , Susanto Tantut
Published: December 2022

Problems in the family can cause temper tantrum behavior in children. The effective function of the family aims to protect and provide psychosocial support for family members. This study aims to determine the relationship between family affective function and temper tantrum behavior in children. The research design is an analytic correlation with a cross-sectional study approach. Respondents in this study were 134 parents who had children aged 3-5 years. Sampling using a cluster sampling method. The questionnaires used in this study were the Family Affective Function Questionnaire and the Temper Tantrum Behavior Questionnaire. The parametric test in this study uses an independent sample t-test because the data is normally distributed. Temper tantrum behavior in children aged 3-5 years is screaming or screaming. Families with children aged 3-5 years can carry out family affective functions effectively. There is a relationship between family affective function and children's temper tantrum behavior with a p-value <0.001. Health education to parents with children aged 3-5 years about affective function must be carried out to prevent temper tantrums from occurring in childrens.
The effect of Tabata exercises on muscle power and running speed in under-20 200 metres runners
Authors: Ali Muntadher M. , Hussain Ali Ab. , Jasim Mokhalad M.
Published: December 2022

The primary aim of the present study was to formulate a set of Tabata-style exercises and to identify the effect of these exercises for performance stages on power characteristic of speed and achievement of 200m for runners under 20 years old. The present study had an experimental pre-test & post-test design to solve the research problem of the study. 200-meter race runners were identified as the research community in Najaf Governorate for the 2020-2021 sports season. A total of 6 runners were selected as the participants for the study. The present study was conducted on 200m runners in the Najaf International Stadium, in Najaf governorate within the timeframe of June 2021 to September 2021. Based on the findings of the present study, the researchers concluded that the application of exercises in Tabata style aided in developing the power characteristic of speed for the two legs of the participants of the experimental group.
Flowthrough Centrality: A Stable Node Centrality Measure
Authors: Mann Charles F. , McGee Monnie , Olinick Eli V. , Matula David W.
Published: December 2022

This paper introduces flowthrough centrality, a node centrality measure determined from the hierarchical maximum concurrent flow problem (HMCFP). Based upon the extent to which a node is acting as a hub within a network, this centrality measure is defined to be the fraction of the flow passing through the node to the total flow capacity of the node. Flowthrough centrality is compared to the commonly-used centralities of closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and flow betweenness centrality, as well as to stable betweenness centrality to measure the stability (i.e., accuracy) of the centralities when knowledge of the network topology is incomplete or in transition. Perturbations do not alter the flowthrough centrality values of nodes that are based upon flow as much as they do other types of centrality values that are based upon geodesics. The flowthrough centrality measure overcomes the problem of overstating or understating the roles that significant actors play in social networks. The flowthrough centrality is canonical in that it is determined from a natural, realized flow universally applicable to all networks.
Migración y frontera: una topografía circular de la violencia fronteriza. Una mirada sobre la obra de Cristian Pineda
Authors: Naveau Pascale
Published: December 2022

El texto propone un encuentro con la obra artística de Cristian Pineda y quiere llevar al lector por los senderos migratorios de las fronteras de México. Para ello, el artículo aborda la situación de violencia en las fronteras del país. Considerando esta violencia como ciclos generalizados y generalizables, el texto aborda un diálogo entre arte y migración, fronteras y violencia, memoria y justicia. El objetivo es comprender cómo el arte puede ser una alternativa a las cifras, las estadísticas y los discursos institucionales para hablar de las fronteras y los inmigrantes. Para ello, el artículo expone el proceso de creación de la obra Círculos de Vida, así como su exposición al público y las interacciones sociales que son provocadas durante la exhibición. El objetivo final es entender cómo el arte puede asumir un papel social y político en el contexto de la violencia fronteriza en el norte de México, particularmente en el desierto de Arizona.
Amada en 'La esfinge': la “Madame Bovary” de Miguel de Carrión
Authors: Aparicio Molina Yannelys
Published: December 2022

Miguel de Carrión es quizá el narrador más relevante de las primeras décadas de la república, una época del siglo XX en la que la Isla se debate entre la tradición importada de España y la novedad que implica la búsqueda de una identidad en el contexto del mundo moderno. Sus dos novelas más conocidas, Las honradas (1917) y Las impuras (1919), han sido relacionadas con cierta frecuencia con el signo moderno de Flaubert y del posterior naturalismo. Sin embargo, hasta ahora nadie ha reparado en que la novela plenamente flaubertiana de Carrión es La esfinge, escrita a finales de los años veinte y publicada en 1961, más de 30 años después de la muerte de su autor. En ella, el modelo femenino, Amada, guarda una serie de paralelismos indiscutibles con Madame Bovary, y supone una vuelta a una especie de “romanticismo desengañado”, como ya observó Vargas Llosa, que en Carrión supone una añoranza de los ideales de la época de la independencia, en vista de las enormes dificultades de la República para construir realmente una nación moderna.
La concepción de Henri Lefebvre de naturaleza-sociedad en el proyecto revolucionario de la autogestión
Authors: Napoletano Brian , Urquijo Pedro , Clark Brett , Foster John Bellamy
Published: December 2022

El intrincado enfoque materialista dialéctico de Henri Lefebvre sobre la problemática naturaleza-sociedad, junto con su defensa de una praxis orientada a la transformación total desde la base a través de la autogestión, ofrece un enfoque unificado, crítico y dialéctico de la ecología política. Desgraciadamente, su trabajo en estas áreas se ha interpretado con demasiada frecuencia como dividido y fragmentario, lo que ha escindido su análisis radical de la producción del espacio-tiempo de su praxis crítica relacionada con la autogestión. Para ofrecer un correctivo a esto, elaboramos brevemente su uso del enfoque materialista dialéctico de Marx esbozando cómo Lefebvre lleva este método a la problemática naturaleza-sociedad, y cómo su teorización de la autogestión apunta a una praxis radical dirigida a superar las contradicciones socio-ecológicas del capital. Su compromiso con la teoría de la fractura metabólica de Marx, así como su defensa de un proyecto radical de autogestión como parte de la crítica de la vida cotidiana, sirven para situar la cuestión subyacente de la enajenación en términos espaciales y ofrecen a la geografía una perspectiva transformadora que evita plantear sistemas cerrados e intentar agotar los diversos significados asignados a la naturaleza. Con ello, Lefebvre demuestra cómo la problemática naturaleza-sociedad desborda las cuestiones tanto de encuadre ontológico como de lenguaje y reclama una unidad de teoría y práctica radicales para superar las separaciones.
Praxis cultural y ecología política: mediaciones entre sociedad y naturaleza
Authors: Pedregal Alejandro
Published: December 2022

Presentación del dossier
LA ORTOGRAFÍA DE LA LENGUA ESPAÑOLA (2010) Y SU IMPACTO EN LA PRENSA DE CINCO PAÍSES HISPANOHABLANTES
Authors: Renau Irene , Nazar Rogelio , Díaz Lesly
Published: December 2022

A partir de la consideración de los medios de comunicación como espacios propicios para la estandarización de la norma lingüística, la presente investigación analiza el grado de aceptación de algunas normas que aparecieron en la Ortografía de la lengua española (RAE y ASALE 2010): a) la tilde de guión/guion y otras palabras similares, b) sólo/solo y los pronombres demostrativos y c) algunos casos de extranjerismos y latinismos adaptados (como whisky/wiski). Se analizaron dos diarios de cinco países hispanohablantes (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, España y México). Se utilizó GoogleApi para recopilar 179.238 contextos de aparición en total, divididos por años y diarios, durante los primeros diez años de vigencia de la obra (2010-2019). Los resultados indican que, al final del periodo estudiado, permanecen aún, en conjunto, numerosos casos de formas con la ortografía antigua en los tres grupos.
EL DESARROLLO DE LA FONOLOGÍA/FONÉTICA Y LOS AVANCES PEDAGÓGICOS Y LOGOPÉDICOS EN EL SIGLO XIX: LA ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DEL HABLA DIRIGIDA A SORDOMUDOS
Authors: Tordera Yllescas Juan Carlos
Published: December 2022

Históricamente, la Fonética-Fonología es una disciplina que no solo ha estado al servicio de la especulación teórica, sino que también ha estado ligada a la formación de maestros y a la intervención logopédica. En concreto, en este estudio, se trata de describir cómo los avances en el método oral destinado a la población sordomuda en el siglo XIX supusieron también avances en la teoría fonológica. Con este objetivo, en primer lugar, se realiza una breve descripción de las obras clásicas grecolatinas, que suponen el punto de arranque de la historia de la Fonética-Fonología. En segundo lugar, se ofrece un breve resumen de las principales aportaciones fonéticas/fonológicas de los distintos gramáticos del siglo XIX. Dentro este contexto histórico, se ofrecen también algunas de las aplicaciones que tuvo entonces este conocimiento en el campo de la didáctica de la lengua o la intervención logopédica. Finalmente, se presenta la propuesta Fonética-Fonológica de D. Pedro Cabello y Madurga, director del Colegio Nacional de Sordomudos y Ciegos de Madrid, quien desarrolló toda una teoría fonética/fonológica destinada a la enseñanza del habla en la población sordomuda.
Dinosaur extinctions related to the Jenkyns Event (early Toarcian, Jurassic)
Authors: Reolid Matias , Ruebsam Wolfgang , Benton Michael J.
Published: December 2022

The early Toarcian Jenkyns Event (~183 Ma) was characterized by a perturbation of the global carbon cycle, global warming, which at continental areas led to intensified chemical weathering, enhanced soils erosion, and intensified wildfires. Warming and acid rain affected diversity and composition of land plant assemblages, caused a loss of forests and thereby impacted on trophic webs. The Jenkyns Event, triggered by volcanic activity of the Karoo-Ferrar Large Igneous Province, changed terrestrial ecosystems, and also affected the dinosaurs. Fossil macroplant assemblages and palynological data reveal reductions in the diversity and richness of plant communities. A substantial loss of land plant biomass and a shift to forests dominated by Cheiropelidiaceae conifers occurred as a consequence of seasonally dry and warm conditions. Major changes occurred to hervivore dinosaurs, with extinction of diverse basal families of Sauropodomorpha (‘prosauropods’) as well as some basal sauropods. Ornithischian dinosaurs show patchy records; some heterodontosaurids disappeared and the scelidosaurids (Thyreophora) went extinct during the Jenkyns Event. The dominant carnivorous dinosaurs, the Coelophysoidea (Theropoda), died out during the Jenkyns Event. We interpret the Jenkyns Event as a terrestrial crisis for ecosystems, marked especially by floral changes and the extinction of some dinosaur clades, both hervivores and carnivores.
Adaptation dynamics between copy-number and point mutations
Authors: Tomanek Isabella , Guet Călin C
Published: December 2022

Together, copy-number and point mutations form the basis for most evolutionary novelty, through the process of gene duplication and divergence. While a plethora of genomic data reveals the long-term fate of diverging coding sequences and their cis-regulatory elements, little is known about the early dynamics around the duplication event itself. In microorganisms, selection for increased gene expression often drives the expansion of gene copy-number mutations, which serves as a crude adaptation, prior to divergence through refining point mutations. Using a simple synthetic genetic reporter system that can distinguish between copy-number and point mutations, we study their early and transient adaptive dynamics in real time in Escherichia coli. We find two qualitatively different routes of adaptation, depending on the level of functional improvement needed. In conditions of high gene expression demand, the two mutation types occur as a combination. However, under low gene expression demand, copy-number and point mutations are mutually exclusive; here, owing to their higher frequency, adaptation is dominated by copy-number mutations, in a process we term amplification hindrance. Ultimately, due to high reversal rates and pleiotropic cost, copy-number mutations may not only serve as a crude and transient adaptation, but also constrain sequence divergence over evolutionary time scales.
ntrathecal Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 0.5% with Varying Dose of Buprenorphine in Elective Adult Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Randomised Control Study
Authors: Irfan Mohammed , Mishal Mohammed , Hussain Akil , Chittora Surya Prakash , Garg Ganga Shankar
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Postoperative pain is a universal phenomenon and usually under treated and its intensity varies widely among patients. Spinal anaesthesia with opioid and local anaesthetics to prolong postoperative analgesia is common practice in recent years. Buprenorphine is an agonist - antagonist opioid. Intrathecal buprenorphine (30-150 µg) along with local anaesthetics is safe and known to increase the postoperative analgesia without affecting sensory or motor blockade and with lesser side effects. Aim: To compare the anaesthetic characteristics and its side effects in subarachnoid block with bupivacaine 0.5% heavy and varying dose of buprenorphine (90 µg and 120 µg). Materials and Methods: This randomised control study was conducted in the Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India, from March 2019 to November 2019. The study included 90 patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class I and II of either sex age between 18 to 60 years posted for elective lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.The patients were divided into three groups; group A which included a patient count of 30 received plain hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (2.5mL) with 0.5 mL saline. Group B which included 30 patients, receive plain hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (2.5 mL) along with buprenorphine 90 µg diluted in 0.5 mL saline. Group C with a patient count of 30 received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (2.5 mL) with buprenorphine 120 µg mixed with 0.5 mL saline. Analgesic characteristics, haemodynamic parameters, side effects, sedation scores by Ramsay sedation score and pain scores by Visual Analogue Score (VAS) (0-10) were measured postoperatively till 24 hours.Statistical analyses of data were done by one Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and chisquare test where p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be a statistically significant value. Results: The onset time of sensory blockade (group A: 5.14±1.34, group B: 4.54±1.10, group C: 4.50±1.18 in minutes), time of onset of motor blockade (group A: 10.10±1.00, group B: 9.43±1.30, group C: 9.21±1.49 in minutes) and maximum level of sensory block at T6 level (group A: n-01/30, group B: n-04/30, group C: n-04/30) were comparable between the three groups and were not statistically significant. Sensory recovery time was significantly (p<0.0001) delayed in group B and C (178.9±7.18 min and 189.23±7.4), while in group A it was 152.86±8.9 min. Duration of postoperative analgesia was significantly (p<0.0001) prolonged in group C (group A 165.53±8.5, group B 391.49±19.8, group C 493.23±18 in minutes). Side-effects like Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) and sedation were increased with dose of buprenorphine but easily treatable and not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: A higher dose of buprenorphine shows to provide an adequate and longer postoperative analgesia without any major side effects.
Primary Cardiac Burkitt’s Lymphoma- A Deadlock
Authors: Ayyala Vinay Praveen , Reddy Mamatha , Karpay Soujanya , Gadepalli Ramesh , Shah Milap
Published: December 2022

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a high-grade, extremely aggressive form of B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma with a very fast replication time (tumour doubling time of around 25 hours). The three forms of Burkitt’s lymphoma are documented which include endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency associated. It is enormously rare with less than 30 cases reported till date. Primary cardiac lymphoma is a rare cardiac neoplasm. The most common type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Diagnosis is usually late and with poor prognosis. Primary cardiac lymphoma is more common in immunodeficient patients. This is a case of primary cardiac Burkitt’s lymphoma which was diagnosed in a 58-year-old immunocompetent male. The patient’s two-dimensional echocardiography and plain Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed presence of massive pericardial effusion with mild to moderate bilateral pleural effusion. Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CT revealed a soft tissue mass at atrioventricular groove which indicated either pericardial lymphoma or inflammatory serositis. The patient was opted for surgery, but the mass was noted involving the free wall of right ventricle including the diaphragmatic surface which extended onto atrioventricular groove and base of right atrial appendage. Thus, a decision to not proceed further with surgical repair was made. The histopathological and cytogenetic findings confirmed the presence of Burkitt's lymphoma. Later, it was discovered that the patient died within one month of diagnosis.
Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma: An Eastern Indian Experience and Necessity of Routine Histopathological Examination after All Cholecystectomy
Authors: Paul Biswanath , Chattopadhyay Priyaranjan , Bhattacharyya Aditi , Bhattacharjee Debanjan
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The carcinoma of gallbladder is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract. The incidence of this carcinoma varies geographically. Incidental gallbladder carcinoma is diagnosed during histopathological examination after cholecystectomy due to other reasons. Histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens are very essential to rule out these incidental gallbladder carcinomas. Aim: To this study to estimate the frequency of incidental gallbladder carcinoma in patients undergoing routine cholecystectomy and also to evaluate the necessity of routine histopathological examination after all cholecystectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India between January 2014 to December 2019 (six years) covering 650 patients who underwent laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy. Patients' demographic data, pathologic results, macroscopic appearance of the specimen, cancer staging were recorded and frequency of incidental gallbladder carcinoma were calculated. Result: Total 650 cholecystectomy specimens due to benign gallbladder disease were received in pathology department. Histopathological examination revealed 18 cases of incidental gallbladder carcinoma which comprised 2.8% of all the cholecystectomies. Among them 13 were female and five were in male with male: female ratio of 1:2.6 and the age ranges from 35 to 68 years. Among 18 cases 10 cases showed invasion upto lamina propria (stage T1a), five) cases had invasion in muscular layer (stage T1b) and three cases showed perimuscular connective tissue invasion (stage T2a). Conclution: The present study observed that the incidence of incidental gallbladder carcinoma in cholecystectomy specimen was little higher range in East Indian population and so routine histopathological examination of all cholecystectomy specimens are recommended.
An Insight into the Biomechanics and Other Details of Vrikshāsanā, One of the Standing Yoga Āsanās
Authors: Kishore D. Mohan , Kurian Jintu
Published: December 2022

Aim: Adopting a perfect final pose of specific yoga āsanā and obtaining maximum benefits is possible by learning the major to minor details of the āsanā including the preparations, steps and parts of the body involved, benefits, contra-indications, final pose and much more. However, understanding the specific body parts involved and how muscles, bones and joints work together to create movements and shape is through the study of Biomechanics. Anatomically, human body adapts to a specific posture of Yoga āsanā with proper sync of Bones, muscles, and joints. Studies on biomechanics of selected yoga āsanās are found sparsely any in Scientific interfaces. Therefore, with this article, we intended to give an insight on one of the standing poses named as Vrikshāsanā, known as Tree pose. For which, related information was obtained from scientific and non-scientific sources and to postulate the details of practice of Vrikshāsanā, citing the biomechanics.

Methodology: Manuscripts related to Vrikshāsanā and its details including Biomechanics were identified from scientific interfaces like PubMed and Google Scholar. Books on Anatomy of Human body and Scriptures describing the steps of adopting the final pose and benefits were referred to extract details specific to the correct position of hip, muscles, and ankle joint for reaching at appropriate posture of Vrikshāsanā. The search was conducted between the month of February and September 2022.

Conclusion: This review emphasizes on the importance of practice of Vrikshāsanā on enhancing the wellness of body and brain. But the benefits are obtained only when the practitioner is well aware of the right posture, higher benefits and Biomechanics of the āsanā.
Preservative Role of Boiling Water of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia) on the Shelf Life of Mackerel Fish Based on Organoleptic Characteristics
Authors: Ahdawati Dika Devina , Rostini Iis , Subiyanto . , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: December 2022

This study aims to obtain the concentration of binahong leaf boiled water with the longest shelf life of mackerel based on organoleptic characteristics. The research method using experimental method with complete random design (CRD) consists of 4 treatments, namely the concentration of binahong leaf boiled water(0%, 55%, 60%, and 65%). Parameters observed in this study are organoleptic characteristics (appearance, meat, scent and texture) and pH in mackerel. Soaking fish using binahong leaf boiled water is done for 30 minutes. The use of boiled water from binahong leaves with a concentration of 60% was able to maintain mackerel during storage until the 11th day with a pH value of 7.3 and organoleptic assessment with the longest acceptance limit.
Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) on Performance of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Saplings: A Review
Authors: Pooja H. S. , Sadatulla Fatima
Published: December 2022

The Mulberry (Morus sp.), is the food for silkworm and is of great importance to sericulture industry. It can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, budding and grafting. Propagation by cuttings has distinct advantages over the other methods due to high survival rate and quick establishment. By considering the importance of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in mulberry establishment, a review article has been formulated consisting of effect of IBA application on mulberry shoot and root parameters. The review of literature found that, the amount of use of IBA is considered as important by most of the researchers considering its role in root formation, increasing the root number and helps in mobilization of carbohydrates for root growth. Being an important crop for sericulture, the IBA application has significant economic impacts. This can be seen from increase in survival rate, number of leaves, length of shoot and rooting percentage of mulberry saplings.
Characterization of Bt Cotton Growing Soils Producing Varying Cotton Yields in Dharwad and Haveri Districts of North Karnataka, India
Authors: Sowjanya T. V. , Bidari B. I. , Hebsur N. S. , Shashidara G. B. , Navi Vithal
Published: December 2022

Bt cotton is being cultivated on a wide range of soils in northern transitional zone of Dharwad and Haveri districts in north Karnataka. A field survey was conducted during kharif 2021-22 to study the physico-chemical properties and nutrients status of soil and Bt cotton productivity. A total of 153 locations were selected in Dharwad and Haveri districts. Surface soil samples were collected at fifty per cent flowering stage and kapas yield was recorded at first and second picking stages. In the study area, kapas yield ranged from 3.59 to 25.85 q ha-1 with a mean value of 15.95 q ha-1. Bulk density, soil porosity, maximum water holding capacity and moisture content at field capacity ranged from 1.12 to 1.70 Mg m-3, 35.85 to 57.74%, 34.08 to 76.27% and 13.63 to 45.76%, respectively. Soils were near neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction (6.60 to 8.80), non-saline (0.15 to 0.82 dS m-1), slightly to moderately high in free lime content (4.10 to 18.40%) and low to high in soil organic carbon (1.50 to 12.60 g kg-1) content. Available nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) and sulphur contents in soils of cotton fields ranged from 113.06 to 562.82, 10.50 to 89.56, 110.16 to 497.28 kg ha-1 and 5.06 to 25.67 mg kg-1, respectively. Similarly exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents in soils ranged from 10.10 to 35.24 and 2.98 to 17.01 cmol (p+) kg-1, respectively. DTPA extractable iron and zinc contents and hot water soluble boron content in soils ranged from 1.86 to 9.51, 0.20 to 1.10 and 0.10 to 0.75 mg kg-1, respectively. Nutrient indices showed that soils of the study area were low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus, potassium and sulphur contents. Iron, zinc and available boron contents were deficient in soils.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity for Toluene Removal of CDs/TiO2 - Zeolite Y
Authors: Anh Le K. , Oanh Nguyen T. K. , Hieu Tran L. M. , Phuong Nguyen T. T. , Duong Ngo T. H. , Dung Nguyen V. , Long Nguyen Quang
Published: December 2022

Hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanodots (CDs) were impregnated on TiO2. The product (CDs/TiO2) was mechanically mixed with zeolite Y for application in toluene photocatalytic oxidation reaction under UV radiation. Material properties of the samples were investigated by different methods. Toluene vapor was chosen as a typical volatile organic compound to investigate the performance of CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y photocatalyst when these technological parameters were changed: toluene concentration, gas flow rate, humidity and UV light intensity. In each reaction, only one parameter was changed and the remaining conditions were fixed. The toluene concentrations at the beginning and the end of each reaction were analyzed with the use of gas chromatography (GC). The results of different reaction conditions show the trends for toluene treatment of the CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y catalyst, thereby providing specific explanations for these trends. The experiments also show that toluene removal is highest when the toluene concentration in the inlet gas is 314 ppmv, the flow rate is 3 L/h, the humidity is 60%, and the catalyst (CDs/TiO2 – zeolite Y composite with 70% zeolite in weight) is illuminated by 4 UV lamps. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Human mast cells take up and hydrolyze anandamide under the control of 5‐lipoxygenase and do not express cannabinoid receptors
Authors: Maccarrone Mauro , Fiorucci Laura , Erba Fulvio , Bari Monica , Finazzi-Agrò Alessandro , Ascoli Franca
Published: July 2002

Human mast cells (HMC‐1) take up anandamide (arachidonoyl‐ethanolamide, AEA) with a saturable process (K
m=200±20 nM, V
max=25±3 pmol min−1 mg protein−1), enhanced two‐fold over control by nitric oxide‐donors. Internalized AEA was hydrolyzed by a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), whose activity became measurable only in the presence of 5‐lipoxygenase, but not cyclooxygenase, inhibitors. FAAH (K
m=5.0±0.5 μM, V
max=160±15 pmol min−1 mg protein−1) was competitively inhibited by palmitoylethanolamide. HMC‐1 cells did not display a functional cannabinoid receptor on their surface and neither AEA nor palmitoylethanolamide affected tryptase release from these cells.
A comparison of folding techniques in the chemical synthesis of the epidermal growth factor‐like domain in neu differentiation factor α/β
Authors: Zamborelli T.J. , Dodson W.S. , Harding B.J. , Zhang J. , Bennett B.D. , Lenz D.M. , Liu C.‐F. , Jones T. , Jarosinski M.A. , Young Y. , Haniu M.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: The 52‐residue α/β chimera of the epidermal growth factor‐like domain in neu differentiation factor (NDFeα/β) has been synthesized and folded to form a three disulfide bridge (Cys182–Cys196, Cys190–Cys210, Cys212–Cys221) containing peptide. We investigated two general strategies for the formation of the intramolecular disulfide bridges including, the single‐step approach, which used fully deprotected and reduced peptide, and a sequential approach that relied on orthogonal cysteine protection in which specific pairs are excluded from the first oxidation step. Because there are 15 possible disulfide bridge arrangements in a peptide with six cysteines, the one‐step approach may not always provide the desired disulfide pairing. Here, we compare the single‐step approach with a systematic evaluation of the sequential approach. We employed the acetamidomethyl group to protect each pair of cysteines involved in disulfide bridges, i.e. Cys182 to Cys196, Cys190 to Cys210 and Cys212 to Cys221. This reduced the number of possible disulfide patterns from 15 to three in the first folding step. We compared the efficiencies of folding for each protected pair using RP‐HPLC, mapped the disulfide connectivity of the predominant product and then formed the final disulfide from the partially folded intermediate via I2 oxidation. Only the peptide having the Cys182–Cys196 pair blocked with acetamidomethyl forms the desired disulfide isomer (Cys190–Cys210/Cys212–Cys221) as a single homogeneous product. By optimizing both approaches, as well as other steps in the synthesis, we can now rapidly provide large‐scale syntheses of NDFeα/β and other novel EGF‐like peptides.
Crystal structure of the low‐humidity form of aspartame sweetener
Authors: Meguro T. , Kashiwagi T. , Satow Y.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: The low‐humidity IB crystal form of aspartame (l‐α‐aspartyl‐l‐phenylalanine methyl ester) is prepared via humidity‐induced transition from the highly hydrated IA crystal form and is used widely as a sweetener. The crystal structure of the low‐humidity IB form is determined at 1.05 Å resolution (0.476 Å−1 in maximum sinθ/λ) from an extremely fine fibrous crystal using synchrotron radiation. There are three aspartame molecules and two water molecules in the asymmetric unit of the monoclinic space group P21. Each aspartame molecule adopts an almost identical extended conformation which is commonly observed in other crystal forms of aspartame. Three aspartame molecules are assembled into a triangular trimer, and trimer units are stacked along the b‐axis via hydrogen‐bonding and electrostatic interactions in the main chains and also via hydrophobic contacts in the phenyl side‐chains. Six trimer units are related by pseudo 61‐screw axis symmetry and form a hydrophilic channel at their center. The hydrophilic channel in the IB form contains only four water molecules in the unit cell, compared with 16 in the IA form. Although the IB form exhibits a trimer structure similar to that of the IA form, one aspartame molecule is rotated by ≈ 20° from the orientation in the IA form. This arrangement of the molecule implies that the humidity‐induced transition is accompanied by a flapping motion of its methyl ester group. These structural differences may imply the stepwise transition from the IA to the IB forms.
Role of Luteinizing Hormone in Control of Oviduct Function
Authors: Gawronska B , Stepien A , Ziecik AJ
Published: July 2002

Contents

The Fallopian tube plays a critical role in reproduction by being the site of fertilization and early embryonic development. Recently it was shown that the oviduct is a novel target for luteinizing hormone (LH). LH receptor mRNA is present in the porcine oviduct. LH/hCG receptors were detected in the epithelium of the tubal mucosa and smooth muscle cells of the pig myosalpinx. Western blotting revealed that the porcine oviduct contains mainly 75 kDa immunoreactive LH receptor protein. Treatment with LH in vitro caused relaxation of the oviduct, especially during the peri‐ovulatory stage of the oestrous cycle. There is also evidence that combined estradiol and progesterone priming is necessary for LH‐induced relaxation of the oviduct in ovariectomized pigs. The results of these investigation indicate that LH should be added to the list of factors affecting oviduct function and it is suggested that LH, in addition to causing the rupture of follicles and luteinization of granulosa and theca cells, also plays an important role in controlling oviductal contractions.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN CHRONIC POLYNEUROPATHY IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Scarpini E. , Candelise L. , De Riz M. , Siglienti I. , Baldereschi M. , Di Carlo A. , Scarlato G. ,   ILSA Study Group
Published: July 2002

The elderly are a population at high risk of polyneuropathy because there is a correlation between age and impairment of the peripheral nervous system and because the number of agents that can damage peripheral nerves, including chronic systemic disorders and neurotoxic drugs, increases with age. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging (ILSA), a multicenter project designed to study age‐associated diseases, collected data from 8 Italian municipalities. For this study, the definition of peripheral neuropathy by P.J. Dyck (1982) was used. However, only peripheral neuropathies with distal and symmetrical involvement of lower limbs were considered.

Diagnosis was articulated in two phases: Phase 1 or screening, administered to all participants. The criteria were: a) self reported diagnosis; b) presence of at least one neurological symptom; and c) presence of at least one positive test at short neurological evaluation. A validation of the screening instruments was performed. Phase 2 or clinical confirmation by a neurologist, based on: a) review of the clinical records; b) a neurological examination; c) a clinical history of the disease; and, d) when available, EMG, blood and spinal fluid examination, and a sural nerve biopsy. Three diagnostic categories were identified: possible, probable and definite DSNLL. The neuropathy was classified as definite only when confirmation by a positive EMG was available. A random sample of 5632 subjects aged 65–84 years was evaluated. A total number of 337 DSNLL were identified (possible, probable, defined). The prevalence is 6.5% (95% C.I. 5.8–7.2) in men and women; the rates by age, geographic area, and clinical severity are described, and the prevalence in the different groups of diabetic patients and non‐diabetic subjects is analyzed. The prevalence obtained in our study is slightly lower than that in a similar recent multicentric study (IGPSG, 1995), but the diagnostic criteria were different. Diabetes is the most common associated disorder with the 20.8% of association, followed by toxic/drug exposure (5% of association).
Photorefractive properties of Ce- and Ca-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6
Authors: Rakuljic George A. , Sayano Koichi , Agranat Aharon , Yariv Amnon , Neurgaonkar Ratnakar R.
Published: July 2002

We present the results of experimental study of the absorption coefficient, two-beam photorefractive coupling constant, and photorefractive response time of a doubly Ce- and Ca-doped Sr0.6Ba0.4Nb2O6. This crystal displays enhanced photorefractive response at near infrared wavelengths when compared to Ce-doped SBN:60. The temperature dependence of the coupling constant over the range from −30 to 40 °C has also been studied.
Blue shift of the absorption edge in AlGaInAs-GaInAs superlattices: Proposal for an original electro-optical modulator
Authors: Bleuse J. , Voisin P. , Allovon M. , Quillec M.
Published: July 2002

The modulation by an external electric field of the resonant tunneling coupling between adjacent wells in a thin layer superlattice results in a blue shift of the effective absorption edge. We present a study of the electroabsorption in Al0.24Ga0.24In0.52As-Ga0.47 In0.53 As superlattices, which evidence directly this remarkable effect, and we discuss its application to the design of new electro-optical modulators.
Influence of dislocations on diffusion-induced nonequilibrium point defects in III-V compounds
Authors: Marioton B. P. R. , Tan T. Y. , Gösele U.
Published: July 2002

Diffusion of elements migrating via a substitutional-interstitial mechanism in III-V compounds may induce nonequilibrium concentrations of native point defects. It has generally been assumed in the literature that, in the presence of dislocations, the point defects approach their thermal equilibrium concentrations. In contrast, it will be shown here that in III-V compounds the most favorable concentration a perturbed mobile species in one sublattice can reach corresponds to that of establishing a local equilibrium relation with another mobile species in the other sublattice if long-range transport of the defects to crystal surfaces is absent.
Detection of sulfur dimers in SF6 and SF6/O2 plasma-etching discharges
Authors: Greenberg K. E. , Hargis P. J.
Published: July 2002

Sulfur dimers were detected in sulfur-hexafluoride plasma-etching discharges using optical emission spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Dimer densities were estimated to be on the order of 1013/cm3 and appear to decrease rapidly with increasing oxygen content in the discharge.
Gold contacts on superconducting crystals of YBa2Cu3O7 with very low contact resistivity
Authors: Jing T. W. , Wang Z. Z. , Ong N. P.
Published: July 2002

By cleaving crystals of YBa2Cu3O7 in high vacuum and evaporating Au in situ, we have fabricated Au-YBa2Cu3O7 junctions with very low contact resistance. Below Tc, the specified contact resistivity drops by three decades to an estimated value 2×10−9 Ω cm2 at 87.3 K. We emphasize the importance of correcting for spreading resistance in such studies. We also discuss the ideal contact resistivity, and possible contributions to the measured resistance very near Tc.
Tunable long-wavelength detectors using graded barrier quantum wells grown by electron beam source molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Levine B. F. , Bethea C. G. , Shen V. O. , Malik R. J.
Published: July 2002

We discuss a new design for a voltage tunable graded barrier multiquantum well infrared detector. The tunability of this detector is significantly better than previous designs. It has large shifts in peak position, spectral width, and long-wavelength cutoff.