bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable narrow band optical reflector based on indirectly coupled micro ring resonators
Authors: Emre Kaplan Ali , Bassi Paolo , Bellanca Gaetano
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a novel narrow band wavelength selective optical reflector implemented by indirectly coupling two micro ring resonators in silicon-on-insulator technology. The device is studied using an analytical model based on the transfer matrix method. With the proposed configuration, by electrically driving the integrated micro heaters, a single reflection wavelength with narrow bandwidth can be tuned. The experimental results show a good agreement with the model outcomes. The average measured reflectivity over a wavelength span of 37 nm is 0.55, with a peak of about 50 pm full-width-half-maximum, which corresponds to a quality factor of ∼30, 000. The proposed device can offer an alternative approach to realize compact reflective structures for single wavelength reflection operations in photonic integrated circuits.
Defect engineering in few-layer black phosphorus for tunable and photostable infrared emission
Authors: Khatibi Ali , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Shokri Babak , Curto Alberto G.
Published: March 2020

The control of defect states is becoming a powerful approach to tune two-dimensional materials. Black phosphorus (BP) is a layered material that offers opportunities in infrared optoelectronics. Its band gap depends strongly on the number of layers and covers wavelengths from 720 to 4000 nm from monolayer to bulk, but only in discrete steps and suffering from poor photostability. Here, we demonstrate tunable and stable infrared emission from defect states in few-layer BP. First, we demonstrate a continuous blue shift of the main photoluminescence peak under laser exposure in air due to the creation of crystal defects during photo-oxidation. The tunable emission spectrum continuously bridges the discrete near-infrared energies of few-layer BP for a decreasing number of layers. Second, using plasma-enhanced encapsulation, we report the creation and protection of defects with peak emission energy between bilayer and trilayer BP. The emission is photostable and has an efficiency comparable to that of pristine layers while retaining the strong polarization anisotropy characteristic of BP. Our results put forward defect engineering in few-layer BP as a flexible strategy for stable and widely tunable infrared sources and detectors in integrated spectrometers and hyperspectral sensors.
Transmittance freezing of a random frozen photons beam in a turbulent ocean
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Deng Shibao , Yang Hongbin
Published: March 2020

By proposing a statistical averaging control function of the light intensity longitudinal profile and deriving the second moment of random complex weighting factors of Bessel-Gaussian beams, we derive the transmittance of a random frozen photons beam and analyze the freezing evolution characteristics of a random frozen photons beam as the parameters of the beam and channel of a turbulent ocean. It is concluded that the freezing characteristics of transmittance can be effectively improved by choosing beam parameters, such as, a larger number of superposition sub beams, a larger beam waist and a smaller quantum number of orbital angular momentum of the vortex mode. However, channel parameters, such as “equivalent temperature structure constant”, dissipation rate of the mean-squared temperature, dissipation rate of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, and the ratio of temperature and salinity can only affect the transmittance of a random frozen photons beam without changing the transmittance freezing characteristics. In addition, the influences of the inner and outer scales of turbulence on the transmittance freezing characteristics can be ignored.
Direct comparison of anti-diffracting optical pin beams and abruptly autofocusing beams
Authors: Li Denghui , Bongiovanni Domenico , Goutsoulas Michael , Xia Shiqi , Zhang Ze , Hu Yi , Song Daohong , Morandotti Roberto , Efremidis Nikolaos K. , Chen Zhigang
Published: March 2020

We propose and demonstrate a generalized class of anti-diffracting optical pin-like beams (OPBs). Such beams exhibit autofocusing dynamics while morphing into a Bessel-like shape during long-distance propagation, where the size of their main lobe can be tuned by an exponent's parameter. In particular, their amplitude envelope can be engineered to preserve the pin-like peak intensity pattern. In both theory and experiment, the OPBs are directly compared with radially symmetric abruptly autofocusing beams (AABs) under the same conditions. Furthermore, enhanced transmission and robustness of the OPBs are observed while traversing a scattering colloidal suspension, as compared to both AABs and conventional Bessel beams.
Nanostructured platelet-rich plasma: state of art in dental treatments
Authors: Durán Gabriela , Luzo Angela M.C. , Fávaro Wagner J. , Durán Nelson
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Reviewing information available about platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applied to dental treatments, introducing the general concept of PRP, as well as analyzing actual data about, and challenges faced by, the dental field. Data & sources: The current study analyzed the most informative publications about PRP application available in this field and gathered the maximum information about it as possible. Conclusions: PRP use, either alone or in association with other biomaterials, can significantly favor different fields such as tissue engineering, since it is an innovative technique that attracts the interest of clinicians and basic scientists. However, it is necessary conducting better designed and controlled experiments to enable successful tissue healing based on PRP use. Clinical significance: The current review can be used by clinicians as source of information about the actual rules and protocols adopted in the herein addressed field, besides providing specific examples of such applications.KeywordsPlatelet-rich plasma; Dental treatment; Plateletgrowth factors; Nanotechnology; Bone regeneration; Surgery.
Comparison of two oral health-related quality-of-life measures in elderly patients: the influence of missing teeth, and socio demographic factors
Authors: Burci Lígia Moura , Zanin Sandra Maria Warumby , Miguel Obdúlio Gomes , Souza Astrid Wiens , Dias Josiane de Fátima Gaspari , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi
Published: March 2020

Objective: The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP- 14) and the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) have never been compared to a group of the same subjects in the Brazilian population. The aim of the study was to compare the OHIP-14 and GOHAI measures. Material and Methods: 129 independently living people over the age of 60 were included in the study. The GOHAI and OHIP-14 measures were used. Other variables were included: age, gender, education, number of missing teeth, annual household income and frequency of dentist visits. Results: The mean age of respondents was 65 years. The internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) showed a high internal consistency for both measures. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between the GOHAI and OHIP-14 scores was 0.73. Using the additive method of creating scores, none of the respondents had the GOHAI score of zero, indicating no impact from oral conditions, while 9.3% of them had an OHIP-14 score of zero. Dental status, age, gendler and frequency of dental visit were significantly associated with the results ofthe GOHAI and the OHIP-14 (Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test). Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP- 14. Both instruments demonstrated good discriminant properties and helped capture the respondents’ oral health problems.KEYWORDSBrazil; Older adult; GOHAI; Oral health-related quality of life.
Wear Behavior of Monolithic Zirconia against Natural Teeth in Comparison to Two Glass Ceramics with two Surface Finishing Protocols: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Abouelenien Dina Kamal , Nasr Hany Halim , Zaghloul Hanaa
Published: March 2020

Objective: To evaluate and compare the wear behavior of three different ceramic systems; monolithic zirconia, lithium di-silicate and nano-fluorapatite glass ceramic with two finishing procedures polishing and glazing, and their effect on the wear of natural tooth antagonists. Material and Methods: Forty two ceramic disc specimens (10mm x3mm) and forty two natural tooth antagonists were used. Samples were divided according to ceramic materials into 3 groups (n = 14). Group I: nano-fluorapatite glass ceramic (FLU) (IPS e.max Ceram), Group II: lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e.max CAD) and group III: monolithic zirconia (ZIR) (ZirkoZahn Prettau). Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 7), according to the surface finish: Polishing (P) and glazing (G). Specimens were subjected to a custom designed two-body wear simulator. Quantitative wear assessment was carried out using weight loss measurements. Scanning electron microscope was used for characterization of wear patterns. Kruscal Wallis and Dunn’s tests were used to compare between weight loss of the three ceramic materials. Whitney U test was used to compare the weight loss between the two surface finish protocols. Wilcoxon Signed rank test was used to compare the weight loss between ceramic specimens and antagonist teeth (p ? 0.05). Paired t-test was used to compare weight loss before and after wear test. Results: After wear, LD and FLU had the highest weight loss values compared to ZIR (p < 0.05). For teeth, there was no significant difference between the weight loss values with the three materials (p > 0.05). P and G specimens showed no significant difference in weight loss values. SEM images of the wear patterns verified the previous analysis. Conclusion: ZIR is more wear resistant than LD and FLU. However, the surface treatment had no impact on the wear behavior.KEYWORDSGlass-ceramics; Monolithic; Two-body wear simulation; Wear; Zirconia.
Effect of storage time and composite thickness on Degree of Conversion of Bulk-fill and universal composites using FTIR method
Authors: Farahat Farnaz , Davari Abdolrahim , Fadakarfard Marzieh
Published: March 2020

Objective: Degree of Conversion (DC) of Resin-Based composites (RBCs) is a concern and is affected by different factors. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different thicknesses and storage times on DC of bulk-fill and universal RBCs using the FTIR method. Material and methods: For each of dental composite (Tetric N- Ceram Bulk Fill and Tetric N Ceram), 28 samples were prepared (14 samples with 2 mm height and 14 samples with 4 mm height). One and seven days (1d and 7d) after storage in an incubator at 37 ?C, DC was measured and recorded using a FTIR device. Data were analyzed using t-test and Three-Way ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc Test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: DC of Bulk-fill composite is greater than universal composite. DC at 2 mm thickness is more than 4 mm. Unlike universal composite, 7d DC of Bulk-fill composite is greater than 1d. Of course, none of these differences are statistically significant (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Considering the limitation of this study, since no difference was found between DC of 1d and 7d, 1d DC is sufficient for clinical procedures, such as polishing, and the laboratory tests.KEYWORDSBulk-fill composites; Degree of Conversion; FTIR.
Effect of immediate dentin sealing, bonding technique, and restorative material on the bond strength of indirect restorations
Authors: Sag Bilal Utku , Ozel Bektas Ozden
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate dentin sealing, bonding technique, and restorative material on the dentin bond strength of an indirect composite (Solidex) and a resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM block (LAVA Ultimate). Material and Methods: A total of 120 periodontally extracted human molar teeth were abraded horizontally and divided into two groups according to dentin sealing procedures (delayed dentin sealing [DDS] and immediate dentin sealing [IDS]). Next, all teeth were attached to a simulated pulpal pressure mechanism. The specimens were removed from the mechanism after a week. Teeth were subdivided into three groups based on the bonding technique and the type of cement used (Acid-etching + Single Bond Universal + RelyX Ultimate, Single Bond Universal + RelyX Ultimate, RelyX Unicem).  Each subgroup was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the type of restorative material used (Solidex [n=10], Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM restorative material [n=10]).. Sixty cylindrical samples prepared using both the restorative materials were bonded to the tooth surface according to their group’s bonding procedures. All specimens were embedded in chemically cured acrylic resin for shear bond strength test. The shear bond strength (SBS) of the specimens was determined by a universal testing machine with a headspeed of 0.5 mm/min. Results: Three-way ANOVA, independent-sample t test and post hoc Tukey comparison tests (?=0.05) were performed on all data. There were significant differences between the groups. It was found that IDS process significantly increased bond strength in all groups. When dentin bond strengths of tested luting cements were compared, the highest bond strength values were recorded in groups in which the specimens were luted with RelyX Ultimate cement using etch-and-rinse technique. The lowest bond strength values were obtained from groups that used RelyX Unicem as the luting cement. Conclusions: IDS improves bond strength of indirect restorations. Moreover, bonding techniques may have critical effects on the dentin bond strength of indirect restorative materials. The cements’ specific affinity levels to both restorative materials and dentin could be considered as the reason of the situation.KEYWORDSIDS; Luting cement; Shear bond strength; Resin nanoceramic; CAD/CAM.
TORQUE DETERMINATION OF A FACE MAGNETIC COUPLING AT THE ENGINEERING DESIGN STAGE
Authors: Krasilnikov A. Ya. , Krasilnikov A. A.
Published: March 2020

In article the determination possibility of the transferring torsional moment of the face magnetic coupling with highly coercive permanent magnets is considered. The received mathematical expression allows at a stage of the engineering design to define the transferring torsional moment of the face magnetic coupling depending on the asynchronous electric motor maximum torque data given by the directory on electric motors, and to calculate a phase shift angle of semicouplings taking into account their inertia moments, driven and slave rotating masses of machine, the operating torques of the electric motor, magnetic coupling and the machine itself on the stages of documentation development work.
DIGITAL IMAGE QUALITY UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT CONDITIONS RESEARCH
Authors: Philippov D. V. , Rulev D. D. , Chursin I. N.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the study of digital image quality at different levels of daylight. The quality of the digital image was evaluated by the resolution and contrast of the image in three spectral zones: blue, green and red. The test object for photographing was a white sheet of 594X841mm format with line targets, color scales and an image of an optical step wedge located on it. Line targets were located over the entire area of the sheet, which made it possible to study the image quality over all its area. Digital photography was performed by a NIKON SLR camera and was accompanied by measurements of illumination in the plane of the test object with the measurement of the height of the sun by theodolite. The resolution of the digital camera was measured during the day interval from 3:00 to 22:00. For each hour of shooting resolution was determined by 9 line targets, 8 of which were located on the perimeter of the sheet and one in the center. Spectral profiles on color scales were also obtained for each ur, and the value of contrast on the image of the optical wedge was determined. As a result of the study, an effective daily interval was determined to perform digital shooting from unmanned aircraft for the Moscow region (55°45′07″ W).
10 Jahre: SOZIALE TECHNIK - Zeitschrift für sozial- und umweltverträgliche Technikgestaltung
Authors: Redaktion TATuP
Published: March 2020

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Investigasi Pengaruh Luasnya Pengungkapan Sukarela atas Keberadaan Komite Pengawas Manajemen Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Di Indonesia
Authors: Purbawati Dinalestari , Budiatmo Agung
Published: March 2020

This study investigated the impact the existence from the oversight committee on the extent from voluntary disclosure of manufacturing company in Indonesia. The oversight committee consist of risk management committee and nomination and remuneration committe. The existence from the oversight committee of manufacturing companies who have never been broad mandatory will have an influence on the differences in the voluntary disclosure between the company which one with a company that other. Data was collected used a documentation technique from the annual reports manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2015 until 2017. Sampling method used purposive sampling. The number of samples were 81 companies each year. Multiple linear regression analysis is tools used in this model. The final results showed that in parsial the existence from the risk management committee (RMC) had a positive significant effect of the extent from voluntary disclosure. In simultan test showed that oversight committee had a positive significant effect on the extent of voluntary disclosure. Suggestions for further research is to be able to add the use of data collection method as questionnaires and interviews in knowing more information about the existence of an oversight committee.
Management Entrenchment, Firm Characteristics and Earnings Management Of Conglomerate Companies In Nigeria
Authors: Fagbemi Temitope Olamide , Osemene Olubunmi Florence , Agbaje Oyinlade
Published: March 2020

Sometimes the rivalry between shareholders and management is an indication of the level of entrenchment within the corporate environment. Managers are believed to routinely manipulate earnings in order to mislead shareholders about their company's actual economic outlook or performance. As a result, the study investigated the impact of managerial entrenchment, firm characteristics and earnings management of conglomerate companies in Nigeria. Employing the ex-post facto research design, the data was gathered from secondary source of the 6 listed conglomerate companies for the 11-year period running (2008-2018). The study used discretionary accruals a proxy for earnings management and to calculate discretionary accruals, the study used modified Jones model. The result showed that management entrenchment and firm characteristics have Impact on multinational firms ' earnings management in Nigeria. Specifically, from the conglomerate’s entrenchment proxies, CEO’s tenure has a positive and significant impact on earnings management (coff. =1.062821, p-value =0.0367) and management entrenchment as measured by CEO’s shareholding has a negative and insignificant effect on earnings management (coff. =-6252391, p-value = 0.4090) while firm size, profitability and leverage indicated a significant and positive impact on earnings management (coff, = 0.124587, p-value = 0.0000; coff. = 0.006647, p-value = 0.0431 and coff. = 0.032065, p-value = 0.0000). The study therefore recommended among others that management should reduce the debt in their capital structure in order to improve their companies’ value and their capital structure should be majorly financed by equity rather than debt and reduce CEOs tenure to minimise earnings management practices.
Book review : mediate author in organized power structures case, analysis : mapiripán and disappeared from courthouse.
Authors: García Juan Manuel , Burbano Nova Oscar Adrian
Published: March 2020

The book, Mediate Author in Organized Power Structures Case, Analysis: Mapiripán and Disappeared From Courthouse, concerns about two complex cases of colombian armed conflict, where there is a possible relationship between those facts and mediate author in organized power structures. this book, is the result of investigation by the criminal law group of study ?conflict and criminality? of catholic university from Colombia. The investigation was developing with the basis of sentences uttered by the cassation criminal lounge of supreme court of justice, in the proceedings against brigadier general (r) Jaime Humberto Uscátegui Ramírez and then mayor ?now, lieutenant colonel retired? Hernán Orozco Castro of Mapiripán massacre case, and against colonel (r) Luis Alfonso Plazas Vega of disappeared from courthouse case.
O BRICS e as iniciativas em ciência, tecnologia e inovação pós-cúpula de Joanesburgo.
Authors: Ceolin Dallasta Del Grossi Viviane
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho expõe as mais recentes iniciativas do BRICS no âmbito da ciência, da tecnologia e da inovação (CTI), a partir dos últimos instrumentos adotados para colocar em prática as propostas, além de iniciar a tarefa de investigar como vem se dando a sua implementação, principiando com a apresentação dos esforços do Brasil e da China nesse sentido. A abordagem traz os resultados e as propostas da 10ª Cúpula Presidencial do BRICS, realizada em Joanesburgo, África do Sul. O presente estudo, orientado pelos aspectos da CTI, enfoca os desenvolvimentos recentes e as parcerias estabelecidas entre o Brasil e a China. Enfatiza-se, no trabalho, que a cooperação em CTI só fará sentido nesse agrupamento com características tão peculiares — países em desenvolvimento com graves problemas de desigualdade social — se reverter em benefício para a sociedade, em minimização da desigualdade social e em melhoria geral das condições de vida nos países-membros. No contexto atual, deve-se rever os modelos existentes e estabelecer os requisitos legais para novos modelos. Além disso, verificar se a estrutura legal está alinhada com a convicção de que a diversidade cultural pode ajudar a encontrar soluções inovadoras para a condução pacífica dos novos desafios mundiais.
El sentido de la dogmática jurídica : apuntes para una lectura desde el realismo jurídico clásico.
Authors: Rojas González Gregorio
Published: March 2020

El presente ensayo busca poner de presente los elementos adecuados para discutir el concepto de dogmática jurídica desde la perspectiva del realismo jurídico clásico. Primero se describe el panorama del realismo jurídico clásico respecto a la ciencia práctica de lo justo o ars iuris. Luego se señalan las deficiencias epistemológicas y lógicas que rodean la concepción inmanentista de la dogmática jurídica y, por último, se señalan los elementos de una ciencia jurídica crítica, de lo positivo a lo natural, que resignifique el lugar de la dogmática jurídica en el derecho.
The Accrual Accounting Principle and its Implications for Portuguese Tax Courts Decisions
Authors: Taborda Daniel , Sousa João
Published: March 2020

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper focusing on the interpretations issued by different Portuguese courts concerning the application of the accrual principle established in the Corporate Income Tax Code.

This paper uses a database of the Portuguese tax courts’ decisions and employs a case law-based research methodology to address the following question: under which circumstances the principle of justice may affect the strict application of the accrual principle? After collecting twenty-four legal decisions related to the application of the accrual principle outlined in tax law, this paper summarises eleven, grouping them according to the different issues under dispute. This analysis also includes the confrontation of the assumptions used by the tax authority and the claims of the taxpayers, identifying and discussing the legal arguments to override the strict application of the accrual principle.

The main conclusion is that Portuguese courts may summon the principle of justice in taxation when taxpayers violate the accrual principle, in order to prevent unfair corrections to taxable income performed in tax audits. This paper found that the tax authority typically demands a rigid use of the accrual principle while the taxpayers often argue for a more flexible application. This last perspective has been adopted by the tax courts in certain circumstances, in particular when taxable income transfer was not motivated by tax avoidance.
Minimum action solutions of nonhomogeneous Schrödinger equations
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we are concerned with the qualitative analysis of solutions to a general class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with lack of compactness. The problem is driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator with unbalanced growth, which was introduced by Azzollini [1]. The reaction is the sum of a nonautonomous power-type nonlinearity with subcritical growth and an indefinite potential. Our main result establishes the existence of at least one nontrivial solution in the case of low perturbations. The proof combines variational methods, analytic tools, and energy estimates.
The effects of five public information campaigns: The role of interpersonal communication
Authors: Solovei Adriana , van den Putte Bas
Published: March 2020

For five Dutch public information campaigns, this study assessed whether interpersonal communication mediated the effects of exposure (to TV, radio, or online banners) on five persuasive outcomes: awareness, knowledge, attitude, intention, and self-reported behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to test 23 models relating exposure to one of these outcome variables. Few direct effects of media exposure were found (for online banners, TV, and radio in, respectively, one, four, and seven of the 23 models). In contrast, results revealed that interpersonal communication had direct effects on the outcomes in 17 of the 23 models. Moreover, indirect effects of media exposure via interpersonal communication were found for online banner, TV, and radio exposure in, respectively, eight, nine, and ten models. These results indicate that interpersonal communication plays an important role in explaining media exposure persuasive effects and should be taken into account in the development and evaluation of public information campaigns.
Liability for the Fact of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Agents. Things, Agencies and Legal Actors
Authors: Monterossi Michael W.
Published: March 2020

European Union institutions are currently studying the regulatory intervention needed to face liability problems solicited by the use of autonomous artificial agents, whose unforeseeable actions may result in damage for their users or third parties. This paper intends to analyze some of the solutions proposed, by putting in relation – also from a historical perspective – the possibility of widening producers’ or users’ strict liability for actions by artificial agents even when they are not fully predictable and that of extending the status of legal actor to some of these artificial agents, so as to attribute the damaging fact directly to them.
Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Das Debasmita , Paul Rajarshi , Roy Sandipan , Bhattacharjee Ankita , Prasad Shilpi Kumari , Banerjee Oly , Mukherjee Sandip , Maji Bithin Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background

In the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in “fast food” is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose.

Methods

Thirty-two rats were taken, and of these, 24 were fed with HLD in three distinctive compositions of edible coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 (n = 8), orally through gavage at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for a period of 28 days, whereas the other eight were selected to comprise the control group.

Results

After completion of the experiment, followed by analysis of data it was revealed that hyperlipidemia with increased liver and cardiac marker enzymes, are associated with hepatocellular injury and cardiac damage. The data also supported increased proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As oxidative stress parameter increased in both liver and heart, there is also an increased in TNF-α due to an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to a high production of NO. Moreover, HLD treatment explicitly weakens reasonability of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes conceivably through G0/G1 or S stage capture or perhaps by means of enlistment of sub-G0/G1 DNA fragmentation and a sign of apoptosis.

Conclusions

Based on the outcomes, it tends to be inferred that consequences of the present examination uncovered HLD in combination of 2:3 applies most encouraging systemic damage by reactive oxygen species generation and hyperlipidemia and necroapoptosis of the liver and heart. Hence, outcome of this study may help to formulate health care strategy and warns about the food habit in universal population regarding the use of hydrogenated and saturated fats (vanaspati ghee) in diet.
Vitamin C supplementation and C-reactive protein levels: Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Safabakhsh Maryam , Emami Mohammad Reza , Zeinali Khosroshahi Mohammad , Asbaghi Omid , Khodayari Shaghayegh , Khorshidi Masoud , Alizadeh Shahab , Viri Elmira Heidari
Published: March 2020

Background and purpose

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker which prognosticates cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the effect of vitamin C on reducing CRP or hs-CRP level. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to resolve these inconsistencies.

Materials and methods: Related articles published up to August 2018 were searched through PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ISI web of science, Embase, and Cochrane databases by relevant keywords. Clinical trials which examined the effect of either vitamin C supplementation or vitamin C-enriched foods on CRP and hs-CRP levels were included. A total of 11 studies with 14 data sets involving 818 subjects were included.

Results

Overall, the pooled analysis revealed that vitamin C could decrease CRP level relative to placebo group (Weighted mean difference [WMD]=−0.73 mg/L: 95% CI: −1.30 to −0.15, p=0.013) with a considerable heterogeneity (I2=98%, p<0.001). Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of vitamin C on CRP level alternation only was found in male (p=0.003), non-smoker (p=0.041), healthy (p=0.029) and younger participants (p=0.010). Vitamin C could improve CRP level only at doses of less than 500 mg/day (p=0.009). Regarding hs-CRP changes, the pooled analysis did not show any significant effect of vitamin C (WMD=−0.65 mg/L: 95% CI: −2.03 to 0.72, p=0.35). This finding was confirmed by all subgroup analyses expect for high quality articles in which hs-CRP level was elevated after vitamin C supplementation (p=0.026).

Conclusion

In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin C might have a significant effect only on CRP reduction. Further studies are needed to confirm this effect.
Isomorphism questions for metric ultraproducts of finite quasisimple groups
Authors: Schneider Jakob
Published: March 2020

New results on metric ultraproducts of finite simple groups are established.
We show that the isomorphism type of a simple metric ultraproduct of groups

X

n
i

⁢

(
q
)

{X_{n_{i}}(q)}

(

i
∈
I

{i\in I}

) for

X
∈

{
PGL
,
PSp
,

PGO

(
ε
)

,
PGU
}

{X\in\{\operatorname{PGL},\operatorname{PSp},\operatorname{PGO}^{(\varepsilon)%
},\operatorname{PGU}\}}

(

ε
=
±

{\varepsilon=\pm}

) along an ultrafilter

𝒰

{\mathcal{U}}

on the index set I for which

n
i

→
𝒰

∞

{n_{i}\to_{\mathcal{U}}\infty}

determines the type X and the field size q up to the possible isomorphism of a metric ultraproduct of groups

PSp

n
i

⁡

(
q
)

{\operatorname{PSp}_{n_{i}}(q)}

and a metric ultraproduct of groups

PGO

n
i

(
ε
)

⁡

(
q
)

{\operatorname{PGO}_{n_{i}}^{(\varepsilon)}(q)}

.
This extends results of [A. Thom and J. Wilson, Metric ultraproducts of finite simple groups, Comp. Rend. Math. 352 2014, 6, 463–466].
The effect of maternal position on fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler indices and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes: a pilot study
Authors: McLaren Rodney , Kalgi Bharati , Ndubizu Chima , Homel Peter , Haberman Shoshana , Minkoff Howard
Published: March 2020

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare position-related changes in fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler pulsatility indices (PI).

Methods

A prospective study of 41 women with conditions associated with placental-pathology (chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, and abnormal analytes) and 34 women without those conditions was carried out. Fetal MCA Doppler velocity flow waveforms were obtained in maternal supine and left lateral decubitus positions. MCA PI Δ was calculated by subtracting the PI in the supine position from the PI in the left lateral position. Secondary outcomes included a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes (fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and preeclampsia). χ2and Studentt-tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used.

Results

MCA PI Δ was significantly less for high-risk pregnant women ([P = 0.03]: high risk, left lateral PI, 1.90 ± 0.45 vs. supine PI, 1.88 ± 0.46 [Δ = 0.02]; low risk, left lateral PI, 1.90 ± 0.525 vs. supine PI, 1.68 ± 0.40 [Δ = 0.22]). MCA PI Δ was not significantly different between women who had a composite adverse outcome and women who did not have a composite adverse outcome (P = 0.843).

Conclusion

Our preliminary study highlights differences in position-related changes in fetal MCA PI between high-risk and low-risk pregnancies. These differences could reflect an attenuated ability of women with certain risk factors to respond to physiologic stress.
Privacy in Public: A Democratic Defense
Authors: Stahl Titus
Published: March 2020

Traditional arguments for privacy in public suggest that intentionally public activities, such as political speech, do not deserve privacy protection. In this article, I develop a new argument for the view that surveillance of intentionally public activities should be limited to protect the specific good that this context provides, namely democratic legitimacy. Combining insights from Helen Nissenbaum’s contextualism and Jürgen Habermas’s theory of the public sphere, I argue that strategic surveillance of the public sphere can undermine the capacity of citizens to freely deliberate in public and therefore conflicts with democratic self-determination.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-((pyridin-4-ylmethylene)amino)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one-κ2
N:O)-bis(nitrato-κ1
O)zinc(II)], C17H16N6O7Zn
Authors: Tao Defu , Pang Haixia , Hu Chuanqun , Tang Qiang
Published: March 2020

C17H16N6O7Zn, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 16.8032(17) Å, b = 13.2780(13) Å, c = 17.9636(18) Å, V = 4007.9(7) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0269, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0879, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis{bromido-triphenyltin(IV)}(μ2-[4,4′-bipyridine]1,1′-dioxide-κ2
O:O′), C46H38Br2N2O2Sn2
Authors: Lo Kong Mun , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: March 2020

C46H38Br2N2O2Sn2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.8452(1) Å, b = 12.2087(1) Å, c = 17.4284(1) Å, β = 102.224(1)°, V = 2047.35(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0160, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0427, T = 100(2) K.
The crystal structure of (2,3-dioxo-5,6:13,14-dibenzo-9,10-benzo-1,4,8,11-7, 11-diene-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′)-nickel(II), Ni(C22H14N4O2)
Authors: Shi Xiao-Ming , Xiao Li-Na , Peng Peng , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2020

C22H14N4NiO2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 4.2387(5) Å, b = 18.724(2) Å, c = 10.7345(13) Å, β = 97.751(4)°, V = 844.17(17) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0435, wRref(F2) = 0.1255, T = 150 K.
The crystal structure of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid, C13H15ClO2
Authors: Du Chao-Jun , Wang Zong-Dong , Wang Xiao-Ke , Zeng Yan
Published: March 2020

C13H15ClO2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.4696(7) Å, b = 9.5385(4) Å, c = 18.7042(11) Å, β = 112.619(2)°, V = 2383.0(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0414, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1090, T = 150(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamoyl]-3-(pyridin-2-yl-κN)pyrazole-κ2
N-bis(2-phenylpyridinato-k2
C,N)iridium(III) hexafluorophosphate complex, [C40H28F3IrN5O]PF6
Authors: Chong Yan Yi , Mark-Lee Wun Fui , Ahmad Ishak , Kassim Mohammad B.
Published: March 2020

[C40H28F3IrN5O]PF6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.2282(19) Å, b = 14.5095(11) Å, c = 12.6091(10) Å, β = 96.937(3)°, V = 3673.7(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0498, wRref(F2) = 0.1250, T = 107(2) K.
Measurements and prediction of road traffic noise along high-rise building façades in Athens
Authors: Sotiropoulou Alexandra , Karagiannis Ioannis , Vougioukas Emmanouil , Ballis Athanassios , Bouki Aspasia
Published: March 2020

Constant exposure to traffic noise pollution can have significant impact on human health and well being. Occupants of high-rise buildings along noisy traffic arteries are severely affected. In an attempt to contribute to noise protection design of prospective high-rise buildings, traffic noise measurements and prediction using the CRTN (calculation of road traffic noise) model, were made along the façade of a high-rise building in central Athens. The aim was to test the accuracy of this model in predicting the vertical distribution (mapping) of traffic noise along such building façades, under the local urban characteristics of the Mediterranean capital. The predicted and measured noise levels were found to be highly coherent with each other, and their vertical distribution pattern, by and large, confirmed findings from earlier studies. Nevertheless, the predicted values had a tendency of underestimation, with a mean difference −2.2 dB(A) with reference to measured values. It is considered that this underestimation is associated mainly with a newly proposed feature of urban morphology, namely (local) geo-morphology. By and large, it can be inferred that the CRTN model is a useful tool, suitable for the prediction of traffic noise along high-rise building façades during their planning and design stage. The results represent a further step towards more general application of this model, as well as a contribution to the use of this model considering a wider number of urban features.
The Feudal Origins of the Western Legal Tradition
Authors: Harwick Cameron , Root Hilton
Published: March 2020

This paper draws a distinction between ‘communitarian’ and ‘rationalist’ legal orders on the basis of the implied political strategy. We argue that the West’s solution to the paradox of governance – that a government strong enough to protect rights cannot itself be restrained from violating those rights – originates in certain aspects of the feudal contract, a confluence of aspects of communitarian Germanic law, which enshrined a contractual notion of political authority, and rationalistic Roman law, which supported large-scale political organization. We trace the tradition of strong but limited government to the conflict between factions with an interest in these legal traditions – nobles and the crown, respectively – and draw limited conclusions for legal development in non-Western contexts.
Die Geldordnungstheorie der Freiburger Schule
Authors: Köhler Ekkehard A.
Published: March 2020

Was ist das geld(-ordnungs)theoretische Anliegen der Freiburger Schule? Wie entstand es und worauf zielt die hier vorgestellte Geldordnungstheorie ab? Diese Fragen werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag dogmenhistorisch untersucht und ordnungsökonomisch eingeordnet. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Gründungsgeneration der Freiburger Schule um Walter Eucken unterschiedliche Geldordnungsvorschläge vorlegte, um eine Geldverfassung institutionell so auszugestalten, dass sie das Leistungskriterium der Geldwertstabilität langfristig erfüllen kann. Die Geldsystemtheorie Euckens und ihre Rückbindung an die Kapitaltheorie liefern den theoretischen Ausgangspunkt der Geldordnungstheorie. Die Zeitgebundenheit dieser Theorie und der konkreten Vorschläge widersprechen ihrer Rekonstruktion, um sie für die aktuelle Debatte um die Reform der EWU wieder einzuführen. Wer an dieser Frage interessiert ist, wird in diesem Beitrag keine Antworten finden.
Für ein Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen den Sozialstaat aufgeben?
Authors: Cremer Georg
Published: March 2020

Seine Befürworter verbinden mit dem Bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen sehr hohe Erwartungen: Es sichere Freiheit und Selbstbestimmung, überwinde Armut, stärke den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt und die Demokratie und löse die Probleme des Sozialstaats. Ein Teil der Befürworter verbindet das Grundeinkommen mit der Vorstellung eines Wirtschaftssystems, das weitgehend unabhängig von ökonomischen Anreizen funktioniert. Akzeptiert man die Notwendigkeit ökonomischer Anreize auch unter den Bedingungen eines Grundeinkommens, so stellen sich harte Finanzierungsfragen. Ein Grundeinkommen auf substantieller Höhe wäre nur finanzierbar, wenn wir den Sozialstaat heutiger Ausprägung aufgeben. Dies steht in Widerspruch zu den Zielen der meisten Befürworter. Es erscheint vorzugswürdig, auf einen gesellschaftlichen Großversuch mit ungewissem Ausgang zu verzichten und uns auf die Mahnung von Karl Popper zu besinnen, und uns weiter auf den mühsamen Weg des reformerischen Stückwerks zu machen.
Die aktuellen Grundrentenpläne der Großen Koalition: Es geht um den Systemwechsel
Authors: Ragnitz Joachim
Published: March 2020

Die Regierungskoalition hat sich jüngst auf einen Kompromiss zur Einführung einer Grundrente sowie zur Aufstockung der Grundsicherung im Alter verständigt. Während die Anhebung der Grundsicherung im Alter unter bestimmten Bedingungen tatsächlich zu einer Verbesserung der Einkommenssituation von (bedürftigen) Rentnern führt, gilt dies für die Grundrente nicht, denn wer bedürftig ist, erfährt hierdurch überhaupt keine Verbesserung seines Einkommens. Somit kommt die Grundrente im Ergebnis nur Personen zugute, die eben nicht als bedürftig gelten. Hinzu kommt, dass die beschlossenen Reformen diejenigen Personen, die aufgrund ihrer individuellen Erwerbsbiografie am ehesten von Altersarmut betroffen sind, wegen übersteigerter Anspruchsvoraussetzungen überhaupt nicht erreichen. Die Grundrentenpläne der Großen Koalition sollten daher, da sie wirkungslos und mit den Prinzipien der Rentenversicherung nicht vereinbar sind, besser nicht umgesetzt werden.
Eine „relativ primitive Sache“?
Authors: Löttel Holger
Published: March 2020

Welche Prinzipien und Leitmotive Ludwig Erhard und Konrad Adenauer verbanden und an welchen Stellen sich Divergenzen ergaben, wird in diesem Beitrag näher beleuchtet. Als Basis dient die „Rhöndorfer Ausgabe“ der Edition „Konrad Adenauer, Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft“, in der zahlreiche Quellen aus den Apparaten der Bundesregierung erstmals publiziert werden. Eine Besonderheit der Quellen – Briefe, Memoranden, Gesprächsprotokolle – besteht darin, dass sie keinen vorrangig ideengeschichtlichen Zugang zur Sozialen Marktwirtschaft bieten, sondern vielmehr die politische Praxis darlegen. Diese Perspektive wird anhand zahlreicher Beispiele wie der Kartell- und Mittelstandspolitik, der Rentenreform von 1956/57 sowie der Diskussion um Methoden und Ziele der Konjunkturpolitik verdeutlicht.
Individual or Enterprise Liability? The Roles of Sanctions and Liability Under Contractible and Non-contractible Safety Efforts
Authors: Grepperud Sverre
Published: March 2020

This paper analyzes the social effectiveness of fines (sanctions) and awards (liability) where accident risks are influenced by decisions made by both the enterprise and the employees of the enterprise (individuals). The regulator observes a proportion of accidents and the safety decision of the individual can be contractible or non-contractible for the enterprise. All sanction regimes yield the first best, given contractible individual care. The liability regimes, however, produce sub-optimal solutions. Given non-contractible individual care, the combined use of an individual sanction and an enterprise sanction (joint use) produces the first best. The exclusive use of an individual sanction produces the first best if the enterprise does not suffer any direct harm. The exclusive use of an enterprise sanction does not, however, produce the first best. If both decision-makers are solvent and have similar liability probabilities, then individual and enterprise liability do equally well under contractible individual care. Individual liability does, however, best for non-contractible individual care.
Two Advantages of the Negligence Rule Over Strict Liability when the Parties are Risk Averse
Authors: Lando Henrik
Published: March 2020

When parties are risk-averse and therefore take out insurance, the efficiency of a tort rule depends on how well the insurance contracts govern incentives, risk allocation and transaction costs under the rule. This article presents two overlooked or discarded advantages of the rule of negligence over strict liability, which appear when insurance contracts are incomplete due to ex-ante transaction or ex-post verification costs. One advantage arises because of a legal impediment under strict liability: insurers cannot exempt coverage for all acts of simple negligence. Instead, the insurer must, at a cost, precisely specify each act for which coverage is excluded. Such specification can be prohibitively costly when there are many acts and many contingencies. These transaction costs, or the inefficient risk allocation associated with a deductible, are avoided under the negligence rule, where under idealized conditions the injurer can simply take due care and need not take out insurance. The other advantage of the negligence rule is that it provides incentives for the victim to bring forward information about the injurer’s acts. The victim has little incentive to convey such information under strict liability, whereas the victim’s insurer may elicit it, e. g. by not covering the victim’s loss fully.
Cybernétique et schéma narratif : Jalons pour une nouvelle théorie sémiotique
Authors: Gaudreault Romain
Published: March 2020

La comparaison de la cybernétique de Wiener et du schéma narratif de Greimas permet de repérer leurs points forts respectifs : dans le schéma de la rétroaction de Wiener, les fonctions de commande et d’information des messages, d’une part, ainsi que les opérations relatives à la transmission des messages, d’autre part ; dans le schéma narratif de Greimas, la sanction finale anticipée par un sujet et qui motive celui-ci à donner suite à la proposition d’un autre sujet. La nouvelle théorie proposée fusionne ces points forts et ajoute des notions élaborées ailleurs : notamment celle de besoin, inspirée de la théorie de la motivation de Maslow. Nous aboutissons ainsi à un schéma de la satisfaction d’un besoin en six étapes, auquel sont associées plusieurs notions complémentaires : en particulier, celles de valeur d’un objet par rapport à la satisfaction de l’un des quatre besoins essentiels, de jugement de réalité ou de valeur exprimé par un sujet, d’opération qui modifie ou non l’avoir d’un sujet et de sujet individuel ou collectif. Finalement, dans le cadre de la nouvelle théorie, la notion de sujet s’élargit et inclut tout être vivant ou association d’êtres vivants – êtres humains, animaux ou plantes.