bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity is associated with slower epigenetic ageing—Findings from the Rhineland study
Authors: Fox Fabienne A. U. , Liu Dan , Breteler Monique M. B. , Aziz Nasir Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Epigenetic ageing, i.e., age‐associated changes in DNA methylation patterns, is a sensitive marker of biological ageing, a major determinant of morbidity and functional decline. We examined the association of physical activity with epigenetic ageing and the role of immune function and cardiovascular risk factors in mediating this relation. Moreover, we aimed to identify novel molecular processes underlying the association between physical activity and epigenetic ageing. We analysed cross‐sectional data from 3567 eligible participants (mean age: 55.5 years, range: 30–94 years, 54.8% women) of the Rhineland Study, a community‐based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Physical activity components (metabolic equivalent (MET)‐Hours, step counts, sedentary, light‐intensity and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity activities) were recorded with accelerometers. DNA methylation was measured with the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Epigenetic age acceleration (Hannum's age, Horvath's age, PhenoAge and GrimAge) was calculated based on published algorithms. The relation between physical activity and epigenetic ageing was examined with multivariable regression, while structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis. Moreover, we conducted an epigenome‐wide association study of physical activity across 850,000 CpG sites. After adjustment for age, sex, season, education, smoking, cell proportions and batch effects, physical activity (step counts, MET‐Hours and %time spend in moderate‐to‐vigorous activities) was non‐linearly associated with slower epigenetic ageing, in part through its beneficial effects on immune function and cardiovascular health. Additionally, we identified 12 and 7 CpGs associated with MET‐Hours and %time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous activities, respectively (p < 1 × 10−5). Our findings suggest that regular physical activity slows epigenetic ageing by counteracting immunosenescence and lowering cardiovascular risk.
Changes in hospitalisation rates in older people before and after moving to a retirement village
Authors: Bloomfield Katherine , Wu Zhenqiang , Boyd Michal , Broad Joanna B. , Hikaka Joanna , Peri Kathy , Bramley Dale , Tatton Annie , Calvert Cheryl , Higgins Ann‐Marie , Connolly Martin J.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

An increasing proportion of older people live in Retirement Villages (‘villages’). This population cites support for health‐care issues as one reason for relocation to villages. Here, we examine whether relocation to villages is associated with a decline in hospitalisations.

Methods

Retrospective, before‐and‐after observational study. Setting: Retirement villages, Auckland, New Zealand. Participants: 466 cognitively intact village residents (336 [72%] female); mean (SD) age at moving to village was 73.9 (7.7) years. Segmented linear regression analysis of an interrupted time‐series design was used. Main outcome measures: all hospitalisations for 18 months pre‐ and postrelocation to village. Secondary outcome: acute hospitalisations during the same time periods.

Results

The average hospitalisation rate (per 100 person‐years) was 44.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.3–55.6) 18–10 months before village relocation, 58.9 (95% CI = 48.3–72.0) 9–1 months before moving, 47.9 (95% CI = 38.8–59.1) 1–9 months after moving and 62.4 (95% CI = 51.2–76.0) 10–18 months after moving. Monthly average hospitalisation rate (per 100 person‐years) increased before relocation to village by an average of 1.2 (95% CI = 0.01–1.57, p = .04) per month from 18 to 1 month before moving, and there was a change in the level of the monthly average hospitalisation rate immediately after relocation (mean difference [MD] = −18.4 per 100 person‐years, 95% CI = −32.8 to −4.1, p = .02). The trend change after village relocation did not differ significantly from that before moving.

Conclusions

Although we cannot reliably claim causality, relocation to a retirement village is, for older people, associated with a significant but non‐sustained reduction in hospitalisation.
Older adults' preferences for Internet‐based services: Type and content
Authors: Klein Britt , Shandley Kerrie , McLaren Suzanne , Clinnick Lisa
Published: April 2023

Objective(s)

The aim of this paper was to report on qualitative survey responses provided by older Australian adults regarding their preferences for Internet‐based services and content.

Methods

Two qualitative questions (‘What type of Internet‐based mental health and well‐being (1) services, and (2) content would be of most interest to you?’) from a broader survey investigating the mental and physical health of older Australians were thematically analysed for commonly occurring themes. Eighty‐nine participants aged 65 years or older (mean age = 71 years, SD = 5.30) responded to at least one qualitative question. Participants were primarily female (60%, n = 53), born in Australia (65%, n = 58), in a relationship (58%, n = 52), living in the community (79%, n = 70) and relatively well educated, with the majority having completed a university degree (38%, n = 34).

Results

Themes indicated that participants were most interested in Facebook‐style services (n = 17), chat groups (n = 16) and email‐based services (n = 4) designed specifically for older adults (n = 14). However, some concerns were raised regarding the trustworthiness of Internet‐based services, with the largest proportion of participants (n = 22) noting that they were unlikely to use Internet‐ or social media‐based services. The primary content‐related themes were mental fitness (n = 34), grief and loss (n = 20), health information (n = 13), socialisation (n = 11) and physical fitness (n = 10).

Conclusions

Participants indicated interest in tailor‐made Facebook‐style services for older adults that allow them to communicate with their peers and create new social networks and incorporate content relating to strategies for working on mental and physical fitness, information on coping with grief and loss, as well as health information. These findings can be used by organisations to develop Internet‐based services and content for older Australian adults.
Estimating mountainous plant species richness and diversity for monitoring global change in a protected grassland park
Authors: Mashiane Katlego K. , Ramoelo Abel , Adelabu Samuel , Daemane Ernest
Published: April 2023

Assessments of species diversity and richness are essential to understand present ecological and biodiversity conditions for effective conservation management strategies. Biodiversity indicators determine rangeland health and response to grazing, fire regimes and climate change. This research examined species richness, diversity and composition in a protected mountainous grassland. Two data sets, both collected from a 30 × 30 m plot, with similar species composition and cover were combined. One data set was collected using a 100‐step point survey and the other from a series of 16 plots. A single‐factor analysis of variance was used to test if the mean species richness and diversity of the sites differed across the study area. Species accumulation curves were used to determine the relationship between species richness and the number of sampling units per site. The results from fitting a species–area equation showed that the estimated maximum species richness was slightly greater than the observed species pool in all sites, meaning that the sampling units were not adequate (albeit by small margins) to capture all vascular plant species in the sites. Diversity metrics could, thus, be used to monitor species change within grassland plant communities.
Age of onset defines two distinct profiles of atopic dermatitis in adults
Authors: Facheris Paola , Da Rosa Joel Correa , Pagan Angel D. , Angelov Michael , Del Duca Ester , Rabinowitz Grace , Gómez‐Arias Pedro Jesús , Rothenberg‐Lausell Camille , Estrada Yeriel D. , Bose Swaroop , Chowdhury Mashkura , Shemer Avner , Pavel Ana B. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma
Published: April 2023

Background

The incidence of adult‐onset atopic dermatitis (AOAD) is increasing. However, the unique characteristics of AOAD compared to pediatric‐onset AD persisting into adulthood (POAD) are underexplored, hampering the development of targeted‐therapeutics for this growing population. We thus assessed the profile of AOAD in skin and blood compared to that of POAD.

Methods

We collected skin biopsies and blood from adults with AOAD, POAD, and healthy controls (n = 15 in each group). Skin samples were analyzed by RNA sequencing, qRT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry, and Olink Proseek multiplex assay was used to identify the serum proteomic profile.

Results

Compared to healthy controls, both AOAD and POAD showed cutaneous immune and barrier dysregulations with a shared Th2/Th22 hyperactivation. Overall, POAD showed greater inflammation in lesional skin, with more prominent expression of Th2/Th17/Th22 markers (CCL17/22, S100A8/9, IL‐36A, PI3/Elafin, DEFB4) in POAD compared to AOAD (p‐value < .05). In contrast, higher Th1‐(IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐15, CCL5) upregulation and Th1‐skewing were seen in AOAD. The epidermal barrier was also more compromised in POAD, with greater epidermal hyperplasia and lower expression of markers related to terminal differentiation, lipids, and cell adhesion. In parallel with increased rates of cardiovascular comorbidities, AOAD demonstrated many more significantly dysregulated proteins in serum (n = 148) compared to POAD (n = 86), including pro‐inflammatory and cardiovascular‐risk markers. Th1‐related products showed significant correlations between their skin and blood expressions only in AOAD subjects.

Conclusion

Age‐of‐onset delineates two distinct endophenotypes in adult AD potentially suggesting the need for broader (beyond Th2) therapeutic targeting in AOAD.
The impact of levosimendan on survival and weaning from ECMO after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Gaisendrees Christopher , Schlachtenberger Georg , Gerfer Stephen , Krasivskyi Ihor , Djordjevic Ilija , Sabashnikov Anton , Kosmopoulos Marinos , Jaeger Deborah , Luehr Maximilian , Kuhn Elmar , Deppe Antje‐Christin , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is increasingly used due to its beneficial outcomes and results compared to conventional CPR. After cardiac arrest, the overall ejection fraction is severely impaired; thus, weaning from ECMO is often prolonged or impossible. We hypothesized that early application of levosimendan in these patients facilitates ECMO weaning and survival.

Methods

From 2016 until 2020, patients who underwent eCPR after cardiac arrest at our institution were analyzed retrospectively and divided into two groups: patients who received levosimendan during ICU stay (n = 24) and those who did not receive levosimendan (n = 84) and analyzed for outcome parameters. Furthermore, we used propensity‐score matching and multinomial regression analysis to show the effect of levosimendan on outcome parameters.

Results

Overall, in‐hospital mortality was significantly lower in the group which received levosimendan (28% vs. 88%, p ≤ 0.01), and ECMO weaning was more feasible in patients who received levosimendan (88% vs. 20%, p ≤ 0.01). CPR duration until ECMO cannulation was significantly shorter in the levosimendan group (44 + 26 vs. 65 + 28, p = 0.002); interestingly, the rate of mechanical chest compressions before ECMO cannulation was lower in the levosimendan group (50% vs. 69%, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

In patients after cardiac arrest treated with eCPR, levosimendan seems to contribute to higher success rates of ECMO weaning, potentially due to a short to mid‐term increase in inotropy. Also, the survival after levosimendan application was higher than patients who did not receive levosimendan.
Validation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation mortality prediction and severity of illness scores in an international COVID‐19 cohort
Authors: Shah Neel , Xue Bing , Xu Ziqi , Yang Hanqing , Marwali Eva , Dalton Heidi , Payne Philip P. R. , Lu Chenyang , Said Ahmed S. ,   ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group
Published: April 2023

Background

Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is a lifesaving support modality for severe respiratory failure, but its resource‐intensive nature led to significant controversy surrounding its use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We report the performance of several ECMO mortality prediction and severity of illness scores at discriminating survival in a large COVID‐19 V‐V ECMO cohort.

Methods

We validated ECMOnet, PRESET (PREdiction of Survival on ECMO Therapy‐Score), Roch, SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation), 4C (Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium), and CURB‐65 (Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure, age >65 years) scores on the ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium) database. We report discrimination via Area Under the Receiver Operative Curve (AUROC) and Area under the Precision Recall Curve (AURPC) and calibration via Brier score.

Results

We included 1147 patients and scores were calculated on patients with sufficient variables. ECMO mortality scores had AUROC (0.58–0.62), AUPRC (0.62–0.74), and Brier score (0.286–0.303). Roch score had the highest accuracy (AUROC 0.62), precision (AUPRC 0.74) yet worst calibration (Brier score of 0.3) despite being calculated on the fewest patients (144). Severity of illness scores had AUROC (0.52–0.57), AURPC (0.59–0.64), and Brier Score (0.265–0.471). APACHE II had the highest accuracy (AUROC 0.58), precision (AUPRC 0.64), and best calibration (Brier score 0.26).

Conclusion

Within a large international multicenter COVID‐19 cohort, the evaluated ECMO mortality prediction and severity of illness scores demonstrated inconsistent discrimination and calibration highlighting the need for better clinically applicable decision support tools.
Impact of vision on generic health‐related quality of life – A systematic review
Authors: Purola Petri , Koskinen Seppo , Uusitalo Hannu
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was to provide an overview on the relation between vision and generic health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in general populations worldwide. We conducted a systematic review to identify articles that have evaluated the relation of binocularly measured distance visual acuity (VA) and HRQoL in adults at population level around the world. Used search terms were related to visual acuity, vision loss, visual impairment and HRQoL. We identified 780 articles, of which 12 satisfied the eligibility criteria. The studies were conducted in the USA, Europe, Asia and Australia. Generic HRQoL was measured using EQ‐5D, 15D, SF‐36, SF‐12 and/or WHOQoL. Nine studies reported a trend between decreasing VA and deteriorating HRQoL of at least some degree. Vision loss was mostly associated with dimensions related to physical health and capability, including self‐care, mobility and usual activities. Mental dimensions – vitality and social functioning in particular – were also affected, although the results were inconsistent. Six studies compared the impact of different medical conditions on HRQoL, all of which reported that the impact of visual impairment was equal or stronger compared with other major medical conditions. In conclusion, generic HRQoL instruments are sensitive to detect the relation between vision and HRQoL, as they cover dimensions influenced by vision. Declining vision is associated with reduced functioning, which leads to dependence and isolation – both major factors in an individual's well‐being. This phenomenon showed surprising similarity around the world and therefore emphasises the global burden of vision loss at both individual and societal level and encourages its prevention and treatment.
Beyond perception: Spatial analysis of detached ADU potential on residential lots in Windsor, Ontario
Authors: Cipkar Sarah , Maoh Hanna , Dimatulac Terence , Fathers Frazier , Arcis Shereen , Smit Anneke
Published: April 2023

This paper analyzes the spatial potential of detached additional dwelling units (ADUs) in Windsor, Ontario. A new GIS model, which integrates various geoprocessing commands in ArcGIS 10.8.1, is developed to calculate whether the minimum allowable size of a detached ADU can fit within the total buildable area of a residential property, based on the setbacks, the lot coverage requirements, and other factors (such as parking and flood plain areas). The model uses publicly sourced data that were obtained from the City of Windsor's Open Data Portal. More specifically, individual residential parcels and associated building footprints along with street centerlines are used as inputs to the model. The outputs are then categorized into three types (suitable, potentially suitable, and not suitable) to demonstrate where detached ADUs can be built in compliance with the local zoning bylaws, on both an individual lot basis and at an aggregate level. The conducted analysis reveals the potential of existing residential neighbourhoods in a mid‐size city, and has many implications for homeowners, policymakers, and researchers with respect to increasing housing supply within current Canadian municipalities.
Debate: Don't mind the gap – why do we not care about the gender gap in common mental health difficulties?
Authors: Patalay Praveetha , Demkowicz Ola
Published: April 2023

There is a substantial gender gap in common mental health difficulties such as depression and anxiety, and evidence on drivers of this gap is sparse. Yet, the current tendency in the field is to treat it as inevitable, and its drivers are rarely examined as a worthwhile question to pursue. We discuss possible reasons for this oversight, while highlighting the need to reform research priorities and systems to ensure this issue receives the investment and interest necessary to inform better prevention and support. We emphasise the need to meaningfully engage with women on the gender mental health gap to better inform investigations into salient drivers and, in turn, efforts toward change. We challenge the research community to question such pervasive disinterest in this large inequality disproportionately affecting over half the population, to prevent and narrow this for future generations.
Ultra‐processed food consumption and dental caries in adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study
Authors: da Silva Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge , de Camargo Maria Beatriz Junqueira , dos Vaz Juliana Santos , Correa Marcos Britto , Matijasevich Alicia , da Silva dos Santos Iná , Cascaes Andreia Morales
Published: April 2023

Objective

To investigate the relationship between ultra‐processed food (UPF) consumption and dental caries in adolescents.

Methods

Data from 996 adolescents aged 12–13 years who participated in an oral health sub‐study of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in southern Brazil were analysed. The main exposure was daily UPF consumption at age 10–11 years, measured by a food frequency questionnaire containing 24 UPF items defined based on the NOVA system. UPF consumption was calculated in frequency, grams and calories, in general and for six types of food (biscuits, savoury snacks and sugar‐sweetened cereals; ultra‐processed meats and fats; sweets; fast food and instant noodles; soft drinks and artificially flavoured drinks; and sweetened milk and powdered chocolate). The outcome was dental caries, measured according to the decayed, missing and filled indexes (DMFS and dmfs) at age 12–13 years. Poisson regression models were used to analyse the association between UPF consumption and dental caries, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic variables, dental visits and oral hygiene.

Results

Overall, the daily UPF consumption in frequency, grams and calories was associated with caries. The findings were consistent for UPF consumption for all six food groups. The higher the UPF consumption, the higher the probability of having caries in adolescence. The associations between ultra‐processed meats and fats, and fast food and instant noodles intake with dental caries alert to the cariogenic potential of such UPF foods.

Conclusion

Ultra‐processed food consumption was associated with greater caries burdens in young adolescents. The findings reinforce the need for interventions and public policies to reduce UPF consumption in adolescence.
Prognostic models to predict complete resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Marzano Luigi , Kazory Amir , Husain‐Syed Faeq , Ronco Claudio
Published: April 2023

Complete resolution of hypertension (CRH) after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is far from a certainty. Although several prognostic models have been proposed to predict outcome after adrenalectomy, studies have not clarified which of the available models can be used reliably in clinical practice. To identify, describe and appraise all prognostic models developed to predict CRH, and meta‐analyse their predictive performances. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for development and validation studies of prognostic models. After selection, we extracted descriptive statistics and aggregated area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) using meta‐analysis. From 25 eligible studies, we identified 12 prognostic models used for predicting CRH after total adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism. We report the results for 3 models that had available data from at least 3 external validation studies: the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) score (AUC: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74‒0.86; 95% predictive interval [PI]: 0.04‒1.00), Utsumi nomogram (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72‒0.85; 95% PI: 0.03‒1.00) and the aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) model (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.74‒0.80; 95% PI: 0.59‒0.86 for all studies and AUC: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75‒0.85; 95% PI: 0.57‒0.93 for the studies with the same adrenal vein sampling‐guided adrenalectomy rate compared to the models meta‐analysed). The PASO score, Utsumi nomogram and ARS model showed comparable discrimination performance to predict CRH in primary aldosteronism. Unlike the ARS model, the number of external validation studies for the PASO score and the Utsumi nomogram was relatively low to draw definite conclusions.
Paeonol alleviates neuropathic pain by modulating microglial M1 and M2 polarization via the RhoA/p38MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xin , Shi Huimei , Zhang Di , Jing Bei , Chen Zhenni , Zheng Yachun , Chang Shiquan , Gao Li , Zhao Guoping
Published: April 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of paeonol in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Methods

Relevant mechanisms were explored through microglial pseudotime analysis and the use of specific inhibitors in cell experiments. In animal experiments, 32 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group, the ibuprofen group, and the paeonol group. We performed behavioral testing, ELISA, PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results

The pseudotime analysis of microglia found that RhoA, Rock1, and p38MAPK were highly expressed in activated microglia, and the expression patterns of these genes were consistent with the expression trends of the M1 markers CD32 and CD86. Paeonol decreased the levels of M1 markers (IL1β, iNOS, CD32, IL6) and increased the levels of M2 markers (IL10, CD206, ARG‐1) in LPS‐induced microglia. The expression of iNOS, IL1β, RhoA, and Rock1 was significantly increased in LPS‐treated microglia, while paeonol decreased the expression of these proteins. Thermal hyperalgesia occurred after CCI surgery, and paeonol provided relief. In addition, paeonol decreased the levels of IL1β and IL8 and increased the levels of IL4 and TGF‐β in the serum of CCI rats. Paeonol decreased expression levels of M1 markers and increased expression levels of M2 markers in the spinal cord. Paeonol decreased IBA‐1, IL1β, RhoA, RhoA‐GTP, COX2, Rock1, and p‐p38MAPK levels in the spinal dorsal horn.

Conclusion

Paeonol relieves neuropathic pain by modulating microglial M1 and M2 phenotypes through the RhoA/p38 MAPK pathway.
Cardiac adverse events associated with quetiapine: Disproportionality analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Shu Yamin , Ding Yiling , Liu Lulu , Zhang Qilin
Published: April 2023

Objective

Quetiapine, an atypical second‐generation antipsychotic drug, is approved for treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. Due to the limitations of clinical trials, the association between quetiapine and rare cardiac adverse events (AEs) is still unclear. This study is to evaluate quetiapine‐associated cardiac AEs through data mining of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

Reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to quantify the signals of quetiapine‐related cardiac AEs from the first quarter (Q1) of 2018–2022 Q1. Serious and nonserious cases were compared, and signals were prioritized using a rating scale.

Results

A total of 1004 cases of quetiapine‐associated cardiac AEs were identified, with 31 signals being detected, among which 13 AEs were identified as new and unexpected signals. Besides, nine and 22 cardiac AEs were identified as moderate and weak clinical priority. The median TTO for moderate and weak clinical priority signals were 0 and 4 days, respectively. All of the cardiac AEs had early failure type characteristics, suggesting that most of the patients developed cardiac AEs in a few days after quetiapine treatment, and that the risk of cardiac AEs occurrence would be gradually decreased over time.

Conclusion

Our study provided valuable evidence for health‐care professionals to mitigate the risk of quetiapine‐associated cardiac AEs based on an extensive analysis of a real‐world, large‐sample FAERS database, and prioritize cardiac AE signals.
Sofa dermatitis: Value of patch test with 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole
Authors: Herman Anne , Marot Liliane , Baeck Marie
Published: April 2023

Background

In 2008, numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by leather chairs (sofa dermatitis) were reported, with dimethylfumarate being the culprit allergen. However, octylisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone and cobalt have also been associated with cases of sofa dermatitis. An antifungal agent, 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), has also previously been described as a contact allergen in leather.

Materials and Methods

Seven patients were referred to the Department of Dermatology of the Cliniques universitaires Saint‐Luc, Brussels, Belgium with suspicion of allergic contact dermatitis caused by leather sofas. They were patch tested with the European Baseline Series, additional series (according to the patients' history and clinical aspect of the eruption), dimethylfumarate (4/7 patients) and with TCMTB.

Results

All seven patients presented a positive reaction to TCMTB and only one presented a concomitant positive reaction to dimethylfumarate. All patients showed clinical improvement after avoiding contact with their leather sofa.

Conclusion

2‐(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) is probably an underestimated allergen present in leather chairs (responsible for the so‐called ‘sofa dermatitis’), and more generally in leather objects. It is, therefore, important to test with TCMTB 0.1% petrolatum in case of contact dermatitis related with leather products.
Community‐based physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with complex cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Morgan Prue , Cleary Stacey , Dutia Iain , Bow Keegan , Shields Nora
Published: April 2023

Aim

To identify implementation strategies and safety outcomes (adverse events) of community‐based physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with complex cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

Five electronic databases were systematically searched to April 2022. Data were extracted on the implementation and safety of physical activity interventions for adolescents and adults with CP, classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V, delivered in a community setting.

Results

Seventeen studies with 262 participants (160 participants classified in GMFCS levels IV or V) were included. Community settings included schools (n = 4), participants' homes (n = 3), gymnasia (n = 2), swimming pools (n = 2), and other settings (n = 4). Most studies specified medical or safety exclusion criteria. Implementation strategies included pre‐exercise screening, use of adapted equipment, familiarization sessions, supervision, physical assistance, and physiological monitoring. Attendance was high and attrition low. Nine studies reported non‐serious, expected, and related events. Four studies reported minor soreness and four studies reported minor fatigue post‐exercise. Serious adverse events related to exercise were infrequent (reported for 4 of 160 participants [<2%]: three participants withdrew from an exercise programme and one participant ceased exercise for a short period). Most frequently reported was pain, requiring temporary exercise cessation or programme change, or study withdrawal (three participants).

Interpretation

For most adolescents and adults with CP classified in GMFCS levels IV and V, physical activity interventions can be safely performed in a community setting, without post‐exercise pain or fatigue, or serious adverse events.

What this paper adds

Supervised community‐based physical activity interventions can be safely performed by people with complex cerebral palsy.

Post‐exercise pain or fatigue was not common among those classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV or V.

Serious adverse events are infrequent when exercising in community settings, with safety strategies.
Bridging the gap between supply chain management practice and curriculum: A location analytics exercise
Authors: Ritchie William J. , Kerski Joseph , Novoa Luis J. , Tokman Mert
Published: April 2023

This teaching brief explores how and why location analytics should be taught in business schools using three objectives. First, an explanation is provided for the importance of including location analytics in the standard business school curriculum—especially in the field of supply chain management. Second, a lack of GIS‐based location analytics methods in business school curricula is demonstrated. Third, a three‐part location analytics exercise is introduced to contribute to the supply chain management curriculum. The proposed exercise utilizes the output of a GIS‐based location analytics software (namely, Esri's ArcGIS Online) as the input for a location set covering problem that can be solved using an integer programming solver. The exercise can also be used as a stand‐alone example of GIS in a supply chain management course. This teaching brief aims to (1) develop a new method to use in teaching location analytics in supply chain management and analytics courses and (2) bridge an important gap between supply chain management practice and curriculum.
Long‐term coastal macrobenthic Community Trajectory Analysis reveals habitat‐dependent stability patterns
Authors: Toumi Chirine , De Cáceres Miquel , Grall Jacques , Boyé Aurélien , Thiébaut Éric , Maguer Marion , Le Garrec Vincent , Broudin Caroline , Houbin Céline , Gauthier Olivier
Published: April 2023

Long‐term monitoring programs are fundamental to detect changes in ecosystem health and understand ecological processes. In the current context of increasing anthropogenic threats on marine ecosystems, understanding the dynamics and response of communities becomes essential. We used data collected over 14 years in the REBENT benthic coastal invertebrates monitoring program, at a regional scale in the North‐East Atlantic, covering a total of 26 sites and 979 taxa. Four distinct habitats were studied: two biogenic habitats associated with foundation species in the intertidal and subtidal zones and two bare sedimentary habitats in the same respective tidal zones. We used community trajectory analysis (CTA), a statistical approach that allows for quantitative measures and comparisons of temporal trajectories of ecosystems. We compared observed community trajectories to trajectories simulated under a non‐directional null model in order to better understand the dynamics of the communities, their potential drivers, and the role of the studied habitats in these dynamics. Despite strong differences in the community compositions between sites and habitats, the communities followed non‐directional dynamics during the 14 years monitored, which suggested stability at the regional scale. However, the shape, size, and direction of the trajectories of benthic communities were more similar within than among habitats, also suggesting the influence of the nature of the habitat on community dynamics. Results showed a higher variability in community composition the first years of the monitoring in the intertidal bare habitat and confirmed the role of biogenic habitats in maintaining temporal stability. They also highlighted the need to apprehend the role of transient and rare species and the scale of observation in temporal beta diversity analyses. Finally, our study confirmed the usefulness of CTA to link observed trajectory patterns to fundamental ecological processes.
Human appropriation of net primary production as driver of change in landscape‐scale vertebrate richness
Authors: Reiter Karina , Plutzar Christoph , Moser Dietmar , Semenchuk Philipp , Erb Karl‐Heinz , Essl Franz , Gattringer Andreas , Haberl Helmut , Krausmann Fridolin , Lenzner Bernd , Wessely Johannes , Matej Sarah , Pouteau Robin , Dullinger Stefan
Published: April 2023

Aim

Land use is the most pervasive driver of biodiversity loss. Predicting its impact on species richness (SR) is often based on indicators of habitat loss. However, the degradation of habitats, especially through land‐use intensification, also affects species. Here, we evaluate whether an integrative metric of land‐use intensity, the human appropriation of net primary production, is correlated with the decline of SR in used landscapes across the globe.

Location

Global.

Time period

Present.

Major taxa studied

Birds, mammals and amphibians.

Methods

Based on species range maps (spatial resolution: 20 km × 20 km) and an area‐of‐habitat approach, we calibrated a “species–energy model” by correlating the SR of three groups of vertebrates with net primary production and biogeographical covariables in “wilderness” areas (i.e., those where available energy is assumed to be still at pristine levels). We used this model to project the difference between pristine SR and the SR corresponding to the energy remaining in used landscapes (i.e., SR loss expected owing to human energy extraction outside wilderness areas). We validated the projected species loss by comparison with the realized and impending loss reconstructed from habitat conversion and documented by national Red Lists.

Results

Species–energy models largely explained landscape‐scale variation of mapped SR in wilderness areas (adjusted R2‐values: 0.79–0.93). Model‐based projections of SR loss were lower, on average, than reconstructed and documented ones, but the spatial patterns were correlated significantly, with stronger correlation in mammals (Pearson's r = 0.68) than in amphibians (r = 0.60) and birds (r = 0.57).

Main conclusions

Our results suggest that the human appropriation of net primary production is a useful indicator of heterotrophic species loss in used landscapes, hence we recommend its inclusion in models based on species–area relationships to improve predictions of land‐use‐driven biodiversity loss.
Post‐glacial range formation of temperate forest understorey herbs – Insights from a spatio‐temporally explicit modelling approach
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Wessely Johannes , Gattringer Andreas , Moser Dietmar , Záveská Eliška , Dullinger Stefan , Schönswetter Peter , Hülber Karl
Published: April 2023

Aim

Our knowledge of Pleistocene refugia and post‐glacial recolonization routes of forest understorey plants is still very limited. The geographical ranges of these species are often rather narrow and show highly idiosyncratic, often fragmented patterns indicating either narrow and species‐specific ecological tolerances or strong dispersal limitations. However, the relative roles of these factors are inherently difficult to disentangle.

Location

Central and south‐eastern Europe.

Time period

17,100 BP – present.

Major taxa studied

Five understorey herbs of European beech forests: Aposeris foetida, Cardamine trifolia, Euphorbia carniolica, Hacquetia epipactis and Helleborus niger.

Methods

We used spatio‐temporally explicit modelling to reconstruct the post‐glacial range dynamics of the five forest understorey herbs. We varied niche requirements, demographic rates and dispersal abilities across plausible ranges and simulated the spread of species from potential Pleistocene refugia identified by phylogeographical analyses. Then we identified the parameter settings allowing for the most accurate reconstruction of their current geographical ranges.

Results

We found a largely homogenous pattern of optimal parameter settings among species. Broad ecological niches had to be combined with very low but non‐zero rates of long‐distance dispersal via chance events and low rates of seed dispersal over moderate distances by standard dispersal vectors. However, long‐distance dispersal events, although rare, led to high variation among replicated simulation runs.

Main conclusions

Small and fragmented ranges of many forest understorey species are best explained by a combination of broad ecological niches and rare medium‐ and long‐distance dispersal events. Stochasticity is thus an important determinant of current species ranges, explaining the idiosyncratic distribution patterns of the study species despite strong similarities in refugia, ecological tolerances and dispersal abilities.
Headache and systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative review
Authors: de Oliveira Igor , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto
Published: April 2023

Objective

To review the epidemiology, the differential diagnosis, and the clinical and laboratory factors associated with the care management of headaches in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Background

SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease and in 12%–95% of patients, the nervous system is involved. Headache is a frequently reported, although nonspecific, symptom that may potentially represent serious underlying diagnoses. Primary headaches may also occur in these patients, thereby causing a negative and significant impact on their quality of life.

Methods

This is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted on the PubMed platform using the following terms: (1) headache and (2) lupus. All articles considered relevant were included. No limitations were imposed for the publication date.

Results

Headache is a frequent symptom in patients with SLE. Although its prevalence is similar to the general population, headaches nonetheless tend to have a greater negative impact on these patients. Patients with SLE are more likely to experience headache due to vascular diseases such as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, stroke, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and vasculitis. Aseptic meningitis, neuroinfections, intracranial neoplasms, and intracranial hypertension or hypotension may also be a cause of headache in these patients. Although used in disease activity scores, the concept of lupus headache is controversial.

Conclusions

Headache is a frequent symptom in patients with SLE. An appropriate approach enables the potentially serious conditions, which are the causes of secondary headaches, to be recognized and treated, together with an appropriate diagnosis and treatment of primary headaches.
Multicenter retrospective study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with previously untreated initial small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Doi Yoshiko , Nagata Yasushi , Matsumoto Yasuo , Numata Kazushi , Sasaki Ryu , Yamada Takashi , Igaki Hiroshi , Imagumbai Toshiyuki , Katoh Norio , Yoshitake Tadamasa , Shimizuguchi Takuya , Fujioka Den , Inoue Minoru , Koide Yutaro , Kimura Tomoki , Ito Yoshinori
Published: April 2023

Aim

We aimed to verify the therapeutic efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for previously untreated initial small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a multicenter, retrospective study.

Methods

Patients who underwent SBRT for HCC at the Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology (JCOG) member hospitals in Japan between July 2013 and December 2017 and met the following eligibility criteria were included: (1) initial HCC; (2) ≤3 nodules, ≤5 cm in diameter; (3) Child–Pugh score of A or B; and (4) unsuitability for or refusal of standard treatment. We analyzed the overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and cumulative incidence of local recurrence rate, and adverse events directly related to SBRT.

Results

Seventy‐three patients with 79 lesions from 14 hospitals were analyzed. The median age was 77 years (range: 50–89 years), and the median tumor size was 23 mm (range: 6–50 mm). The median radiation dose was 40 Gy (range: 35–60 Gy) in five fractions (range: 4–8). The median follow‐up period was 45 months (range: 0–103 months). The 3‐year overall survival, recurrence‐free survival, and cumulative incidence of local recurrence rates were 69.9% (95% CI: 58.7%–81%), 57.9% (95% CI: 45.2%–70.5%), and 20.0% (95% CI: 11.2%–30.5%), respectively. Four cases (5.5%) of adverse events of grade 3 or higher were reported: three cases of grade 3 and one case of grade 4 (duodenal ulcer). No grade 5 toxicities were observed.

Conclusion

SBRT is a promising treatment modality, particularly for small HCCs, as they are not suitable for standard treatment.
EPISTEMIC WOUNDED ATTACHMENTS: RECOVERING DEFINITIONAL SUBJECTIVITY THROUGH COLONIAL LIBRARIES
Authors: KAUR HARLEEN , KEHAL PRABHDEEP SINGH
Published: April 2023

Postcolonial theorizing on empires and subjects focuses on governance and infrastructure as relevant geographies of relation. However, when governance‐driven knowledge production migrates from colony to metropole, what postcolonial subjectivity formations are recovered from colonial archives, particularly if these archives are structured by epistemic difference? We theorize a wounded attachment to a colonial library, or the construction of subjectivity through colonial archival recovery, as a means of transforming a colonial library of governance into an academic discipline. Through the case study of Sikh studies, a discipline originating out of colonial governance of Sikhs, we argue that epistemic difference is transformed into epistemic distancing as a tool by which scholars pursue legibility to the Euro‐American academy. We contextualize the ongoing investment in measures of academic legibility (for example, objectivity, distance, and validity) as how area and region are tied to the production of universal knowledge; these measures result in the elision of embodied knowledge as a valid framework for intellectual pursuit.
Emerging roles of lysophosphatidylserine as an immune modulator
Authors: Yaginuma Shun , Omi Jumpei , Uwamizu Akiharu , Aoki Junken
Published: April 2023

In addition to direct activation by pathogens and antigens, immune cell functions are further modulated by factors in their environment. Recent studies have revealed that lysophospholipids (LPL) derived from membrane glycerophospholipids are such environmental factors. They are produced by the action of various phospholipases and modulate immune responses positively or negatively via G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐type receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), and lysophosphatidylinositol. Here, we summarize what is known about the synthetic pathways, receptors, and immunomodulatory functions of these LPLs. Particular focus is given to LysoPS, which have recently been identified, and recent findings on their immunomodulatory actions are presented.
Effects of mesotherapy introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection on the treatment of moderate to severe acne
Authors: Chen Yun , Han Weiqiang , Li Shanshan , Nie Yuntao , Chen Peng , Sun Juan , Chen Yuhua , Li Lisha
Published: April 2023

Background

Compound glycyrrhizin has achieved outstanding results in the treatment of various skin diseases. However, the use of mesotherapy to inject compound glycyrrhizin into the skin to treat acne is still understudied.

Aims

This paper aims to explore the effects of mesotherapy introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection on the acne.

Materials & Methods

A total of 108 patients were included in this study and divided into the control group (n = 54) and the observation group (n = 54). The control group was treated with topical clindamycin gel, while the study group was treated with topical clindamycin gel + mesotherapy and compound glycyrrhizin injection. Skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL), cuticle water content, acne severity, adverse reactions, and inflammatory reactions were documented before and after treatment in the two groups.

Results

The usage of mesotherapy to inject compound glycyrrhizin into the skin of acne patients more effectively treat acne than traditional clindamycin gel. The mesotherapy compound glycyrrhizin can more effectively protect the skin barrier of patients and reduce the loss of skin moisture. Compared with the traditional clindamycin gel, the combination of mesotherapy and compound glycyrrhizin more effectively inhibit the inflammatory reaction in acne patients and reduce skin damage in acne patients.

Discussion/Conclusion

Mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection has better effects on the treatment of moderate to severe acne than clindamycin gel.
Effects of videoconferencing intervention on stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled studies
Authors: Tarihoran Dame Elysabeth Tuty Arna Uly , Daryanti Saragih Ita , Saragih Ice Septriani , Tzeng Huey‐Ming
Published: April 2023

Background

Videoconferencing has been proposed as an innovative telerehabilitation approach for stroke survivors, demand for which is growing.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of a videoconferencing intervention for stroke survivors.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the databases Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid (and its companion UpToDate), and Web of Science published from January 1, 2002, to May 27, 2021. The methodologic quality of the included studies was evaluated using version 2 of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. A meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model calculated the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) for using a videoconferencing intervention with stroke survivors and for the ability of survivors to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and to maintain balance. The Stata software application (version 16.0: StataCorp LP) was used for the statistical analysis.

Results

Nine studies with 603 participants were included in the analysis. Videoconferencing interventions were observed to be effective in improving the ability of stroke survivors to carry out their ADLs (SMD: 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13 to 1.01) and to recover their balance (SMD: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.66).

Conclusions

Stroke survivors were able effectively to improve their ADL and balancing abilities. Further studies could consider the frequency, duration, and standard protocol for videoconferencing interventions.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study could change the approach to patient support in future clinical practice and might constitute an alternative for improving care for stroke survivors in their homes or in long‐term care facilities.