bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternativas planteadas en 1787 a los Artículos de la Confederación
Authors: Pérez Alonso Jorge
Published: September 2022

Durante el “periodo crítico” (1783-1782) las deficiencias de los Artículos de la Confederación y el fracaso del Congreso Continental para llevar a efecto sus resoluciones cuando contaban con la oposición de los estados, llevó a un movimiento tendente a reforzar las instituciones federales. El presente articulo desarrolla las alternativas a los Artículos que se presentaron en la Convención Constitucional de 1787
Fecha de envío / Submission date: 9/09/2021Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 14/11/2021
Los gentileshombres de la Casa Real durante el siglo XIX, ¿un “club social” de la Corona?
Authors: Martínez García Cristina Bienvenida
Published: September 2022

los gentileshombres de la casa real siempre habían constituido los servidores más emblemáticos de la Monarquía y el ejemplo de la cultura cortesana. Una educación humanista y la práctica de unos valores éticos y de subordinación caracterizaron a estos personajes. Durante el siglo XIX, tales peculiaridades desaparecieron de acuerdo con la transformación que había experimentado la estructura del Estado y de Casa Real. La riqueza y el poder político (normalmente obtenidos por medios ventajosos) fueron las únicas cualidades que se necesitaron para conseguir dicho cargo. Sin pretenderlo, el estudio de los gentileshombres nos enfrenta a la utopía liberal que defendía la igualdad de los ciudadanos ante la ley y al tema de la corrupción estatal.
Fecha de envío / Submission Date: 26/09/2021Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance Date: 10/11/2021
Defensa de una rebelión: la causa por el Manifiesto Revolucionario de 1930. De propósitos, responsabilidades y legitimidades políticas
Authors: Martínez Cánovas Gonzalo J. , Payá López Pedro
Published: September 2022

Tras el fracaso de la Sublevación de Jaca del 12 de diciembre de 1930 y la ejecución de los capitanes Fermín Galán y Ángel García Hernández, las autoridades gubernamentales consiguieron detener a seis de los dirigentes del Comité Revolucionario. Acusados de conspiración para la rebelión militar, se instruyó un sumarísimo cuya vista se celebraría entre los días 20 y 21 de marzo del año siguiente. Entre estas dos fechas, la iniciativa del Comité Revolucionario —con epicentro en la cárcel Modelo de Madrid— logró trasladar a la opinión pública la existencia de un conflicto de poderes que fue sintetizado durante la vista: la legitimidad de la actitud insurreccional frente a un régimen que había perdido la suya desde septiembre de 1923.
Enviado el (Submission Date): 08/11/2021Aceptado el (Acceptance Date): 13/12/2021
Das Konzept Der „Daseinsvorsorge“ Bei Ernst Forsthoff Als Legitimation Des Autoritären Staates
Authors: Techet Peter
Published: September 2022

Der deutsche Verwaltungsjurist Ernst Forsthoff entwickelte seit den 1930er Jahren ein neues Konzept des Verwaltungsrechts („Daseinsvorsorge“). Dabei ging es für ihn darum, einerseits die Aufgaben der Verwaltung – aufgrund der veränderten Verhältnisse in einer Industriegesellschaft – neu festzulegen, andererseits dem Staat eine neue Legitimationsgrundlage zu geben. Während Forsthoff sein neuesKonzept des Verwaltungsrechts als soziale Funktion ausarbeitete, blieb er im Verfassungsrecht ein Gegner des Sozialstaats, obwohl diese Position seinem Verwaltungsrecht widersprach. Im folgenden Beitrag analysiere ich die Entwicklungsstufen seines Konzepts (auch mit Hinblick auf den Nationalsozialismus und die Sozialstaatsdebatten) und zeige die Widersprüche zu seinem Verfassungsrecht auf.
Fecha de envío / Submission Date: 05/01/2022Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance Date: 1/02/2022
Contrarrevolucionarios sin fronteras: las múltiples facetas de la "Internacional Blanca"
Authors: Agudín Menéndez José Luis
Published: September 2022

Recensión de: Alexandre Dupont, La Internacional Blanca. Contrarrevolución más allá de las fronteras (España y Francia, 1868-1876), Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 2021, 486 páginas.
Enviado el (Submission Date): 19/01/2022Aceptado el (Acceptance Date): 23/02/2022
La primera parte de las "Vidas paralelas" plutarquianas en la Restauración canovista: Gumersindo de Azcárate, parlamentario
Authors: Agudín Menéndez José Luis
Published: September 2022

Recensión de: Francisco M. Balado Insunza, Gumersindo de Azcárate: Una biografía política, Ediciones Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, 2021, 429 págs. [con prólogo de Susana Sueiro Seoane].
Enviado el (Submission Date): 29/01/2022Aceptado el (Acceptance Date): 15/02/2022
Remediando el olvido historiográfico de la Primera República
Authors: Montés Mora Jaume
Published: September 2022

Recensión de / Review of: Alejandro Nieto, La Primera República española: la Asamblea Nacional: febrero-mayo 1873, Comares, Granada, 2021, 346 páginas.
Enviado el (Submission Date): 18/03/2022Aceptado el (Acceptance Date): 15/04/2022
Unificar, un nuevo argumento sobre la Ilustración económica española
Authors: Usoz Otal Javier
Published: September 2022

Recensión de / Review of: Jesús Astigarraga A Unifying Enlightenment. Institutions of Political Economy in Eighteenth-Century Spain (1700-1808), Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2021, 326 páginas.
Enviado el (Submission Date): 20/04/2022
Aceptado el (Acceptance Date): 28/04/2022
“In memoriam” Paolo Grossi y Maurizio Fioravanti
Authors: Fernández Sarasola Ignacio
Published: September 2022

Presentación de "Historia Constitucional" número 23 (2022)
HV Noise and Earthquake Automatic Analysis (HVNEA)
Authors: Vassallo Maurizio , Riccio Gaetano , Mercuri Alessia , Cultrera Giovanna , Di Giulio Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

We present HVNEA tool (HV Noise and Earthquake Automatic analysis), a software package to automatically compute the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HV) on continuous months-to-years recordings, including both earthquake and ambient noise vibration. It is designed for processing large data sets of seismic signals, for example, from long-term permanent or temporary stations belonging to monitoring networks, using free software and packages that are commonly adopted in the engineering–seismology community. HVNEA is in the form of Linux-Unix shell scripts and packaged in a Docker image to run the code in any environment. It is designed to automatically download data from the main international repositories or from a local archive. The main achievement consists of the average HV as a function of time and saved in ASCII format, along with attractive and readable graphic plots to easily inspect the results. The analysis highlights the variation of the HV over a long span of time. HVNEA software package can be of great interest for big data analysts and seismic network operators, with regard to the site characterization analysis and for studies based on temporal variability of HV ratios over time.
Tinción digital en imágenes microscópicas multiespectrales. Aplicación a la identificación del cáncer de mama
Authors: Ruiz Elena María , Vallez Noelia , Velasco Alberto , Salido Jesús , Bueno Gloria , González Lucía
Published: September 2022

El propósito de este trabajo es la clasificación de tejido mamario sin tinción que permita discriminar muestras tumorales de no tumorales. Para ello se utilizan técnicas de aprendizaje profundo e imágenes multiespectrales (MSI) adquiridas con diferentes longitudes de onda, desde 425 nm hasta 700 nm y paso espectral de 4 nm. El trabajo realizado contempla un análisis para determinar si las diferentes bandas espectrales proporcionan información adicional a la que se consigue con imágenes adquiridas con cámaras comunes. Como resultado del trabajo se obtiene el modelo de clasificación con MSI que proporciona la tasa de acierto más próxima a los modelos de clasificación que emplean imágenes con tinción. Además, se han implementado varios métodos de tinción digital aplicando técnicas de aprendizaje profundo. La tinción virtual se realizaría posteriormente a la clasificación para corroborar visualmente los resultados, permitiendo avanzar en el análisis espectral a nivel celular y tisular.
Desarrollo de una interfaz para el prototipado y validación de un robot móvil autónomo de uso hospitalario
Authors: Tirado-Bou Amparo , Marín-Prades Raúl , Baiguera-Tambutti Laura , Sanz Pedro J. , Martí José V.
Published: September 2022

El objetivo final del proyecto es la creación de un robot autónomo de soporte para el personal sanitario, en tareas relacionadas con la asistencia a pacientes infecciosos en aislamiento, como por ejemplo pacientes de COVID-19. La Metodología utilizada se basa en el Diseño de Prototipos, actualmente nos encontramos en la fase de diseño de la interfaz y desarrollo del prototipo experimental, que nos permite por una parte ir evaluando las características necesarias que ha de cumplir nuestra interfaz, así como evaluar a un bajo coste los componentes que formarán parte del producto final. En el presente artículo presentamos nuestro proceso de desarrollo.
Les énoncés définitoires en contexte : Perspective traductologique
Authors: Durieux Christine
Published: September 2022

La présente réflexion porte sur les énoncés définitoires, voire plus largement explicatifs, présents dans des textes publiés. L’auteur s’intéresse à la dimension structurale de l’énoncé définitoire – sa forme, son marquage, son empan, son bornage textuel – et elle adopte un point de vue pragmatique pour analyser les visées discursives de l’énoncé définitoire, afin de mettre en évi­dence les stratégies rédactionnelles mises en œuvre. En outre, l’énoncé définitoire est évalué à l’aune de son apport documentaire intratextuel et de son rôle dans la construction du sens du texte.

Pour illustrer son analyse, l’auteur présente des exemples extraits d’articles de presse très récents (2021), considérant que la presse est à la fois une caisse de résonnance et un puissant relais de l’évolution de la langue. De fait, l’apparition de nouvelles occurrences de termes et notions justifie l’inclusion d’énoncés définitoires.

Enfin en conclusion, l’auteur tire de cette réflexion quelques leçons utiles pour le traducteur, tant dans la phase sémasiologique (comprendre) que dans la phase onomasiologique (faire comprendre) de l’opération traduisante.
Par N on entend … et autres marqueurs définitoires dans les textes juridiques et leurs equivalents polonais
Authors: Śliwa Dorota
Published: September 2022

Dans les études sur la définition, si souvent abordée dans différentes disciplines de recherche, la problématique des prédicats définitionnels (verbaux) présents dans les énoncés définitoires est rarement mise à l’examen, quoiqu’ils soient importants pour bien comprendre le definiendum. Les linguistes, principalement francophones, entreprennent ces études pour le repérage automatique des structures linguistiques de ces énoncés en corpus des textes. Les juristes, bien que l’activité définitoire soit l’une des principales activités dans la rédaction des textes de loi, ne se posent pas des questions sur les prédicats définitoires.

Le présent article se veut être une approche pluridisciplinaire de cette problématique pour en signaler l’utilité. La première partie contient le rappel des informations essentielles sur le signe linguistique et le sens, des typologies des définitions lexicographiques basées sur les recherches philosophiques, des énoncés et des prédicats définitoires dans l’approche onomasiologique et sémasiologique. Dans la deuxième partie est abordée la terminologie des unités de langue dans les textes de loi et la spécificité des définitions légales, et ensuite les prédicats français et polonais qui sont des marqueurs des énoncés définitoires légaux extraits manuellement des versions bilingues du code de droit canonique. La mise en parallèle des constructions de ces prédicats fait voir d’une part les constructions syntaxiques caractéristiques pour chaque langue, d’autre part la spécificité de ces prédicats dans la langue du droit par rapport aux prédicats définitoires de la langue générale. L’analyse des exemples apporte des indications utiles pour la traduction en polonais des prédicats définitoires dans les définitions légales françaises.
ESHRE guideline: management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: L. Webber  , М. Davies  , Р. Anderso
Published: September 2022

Study question. What is the optimal management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) based on the best available evidence in the literature?Study design, size, duration. This guideline was produced by a multidisciplinary group of experts in the field using the methodology of the Manual for ESHRE Guideline Development, including a thorough systematic search of the literature, quality assessment of the included papers up to September 2014 and consensus within the guideline group on all recommendations.The GDG included a patient representative with POI. After finalization of the draft, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) members and professional organizations were asked to review the guideline.Main results и the role of chance. The guideline development group (GDG) formulated 99 recommendations answering 31 key questions on the diagnosis and treatment of women with POI. The guideline provides 17 recommendations on diagnosis и assessment of POI and 46 recommendations on the different sequelae of POI and their consequences for monitoring и treatment. Furthermore, 24 recommendations were formulated on hormone replacement therapy in women with POI, and two on alternative и complementary treatment. A chapter on puberty induction resulted in five recommendations.Limitations, reasons for caution. The main limitation of the guideline is that, due to the lack of data, many of the recommendations are based on expert opinion or indirect evidence from studies on post-menopausal women or women with Turner Syndrome.Wider implications of the findings. Despite the limitations, the guideline group is confident that this document will be able to guide health care professionals in providing the best practice for managing women with POI given current evidence. Furthermore, the guideline group has formulated research recommendations on the gaps in knowledge identified in the literature searches, in an attempt to stimulate research on the key issues in POI.
Differences in circulating non-transferrin-bound iron after oral administration of ferrous sulfate, sodium iron EDTA, or iron polymaltose in women with marginal iron stores
Authors: K. Schümann  , N. W. Solomons  , M. Orozco  , M. E. Romero-Abal  , G. Weiss
Published: September 2022

Background. The adverse interactions between iron supplements and malaria have driven the assessment of new therapeutic options for anemia prophylaxis in areas holoendemic for falciparum malaria.Objective. To determine the responses of circulating non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and plasma iron to three different oral iron compounds – ferrous sulfate, sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA), and iron polymaltose (IPM) – in women with marginal iron stores.Methods. Serum samples from 10 Guatemalan women with marginal iron stores were collected every 90 minutes over a period of 270 minutes, after the individually randomized administration of 100 mg of iron from each of the three studied iron compounds or water alone. Serum iron concentration was quantified by the ferrozine method, and circulating NTBI concentration was determined with a fluorometric competitive binding assay. Kinetic responses and maximal cumulative changes in serum concentrations of iron and NTBI were compared between the four treatments. Comparison was made with data from the same protocol in iron-adequate men.Conclusions. The administration of the two “slow-release” iron compounds, NaFeEDTA and IPM, resulted in a highly significant suppression of the appearance of NTBI in the circulation in the postsupplement period. These two bioavailable forms of iron supplement could represent a safe option for supplementation in malarial areas. The slope of the iron – NTBI relationship is steeper in men than in women.
C9orf16 (BBLN) gene, encoding a member of Hero proteins, is a novel marker in ischemic stroke risk
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University, Kobzeva Ksenia A. , Shilenok Irina V. ,   Kursk City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Belykh Andrey E. ,   Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences,   Kursk State Medical University, Gurtovoy Denis E. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Bobyleva Lyubov A. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Krapiva Anna B. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Stetskaya Tatiana A. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Bykanova Marina A. ,   Kursk State Medical University,, Mezhenskaya Anastasiya A. ,   Alekseevskaya Central District Hospital, Lysikova Ekaterina A. ,   Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Freidin Maxim B. ,   Queen Mary University of London,   Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bushueva Olga Y. ,   Kursk State Medical University
Published: September 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Chaperone proteins protect brain cells from the ischemic damage by restoring the structures of damaged proteins. Chaperone C9orf16 (also known as BBLN) belongs to the class of heat-resistant obscure (HERO) proteins, characterized by the ability to stabilize various proteins, suppress neurotoxicity and reduce proteotoxic stress. In this regard, it may play a potentially significant role in the risk of development and clinical manifestations of IS. The aim of the study: To investigate an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism rs2900262 in the gene encoding C9orf16 and predisposition to IS. Materials and methods: A total of 897 patients with IS and 1140 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Genotyping was done using a probe-based genotyping assay. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of the rs2900262 genotypes with the risk of IS and ischemic events. Dominant, recessive and additive models of associations of genotypes were analyzed. Adjustment for sex, age, and smoking was done throughout. Benjamini-Hogberg false-discovery rate was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: The rs2900262*T allele was found to be associated with the increased risk of IS exclusively in females (dominant model: OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.07-2.82, PFDR=0.042; additive model: OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.06-2.71, PFDR=0.042). Additional analysis showed that the rs2900262*T is associated with the increased risk of IS in smokers only (dominant model: OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.09-3.37, PFDR=0.042; additive model: OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.04-3.08, PFDR=0.042). Also, we demonstrated that C/T-T/T genotype carriers exhibit an earlier manifestation of IS (59.53±1.12 years) compared to the C/C genotype carriers (61.63±0.4 years); mean difference=-1.98; 95% CI=-3.61 – -0.36; PFDR=0.026. Conclusion: This study is the first in the world to demonstrate the possible contribution of the rs2900262 C9orf16 gene polymorphism to the risk of ischemic stroke.
May I Borrow a Stapler? Is This All Students Ask at the Service Desk in a University Library?
Authors: Lamøy Liv Inger , Kilvik Astrid
Published: September 2022

Objective – The objective of the study is to increase the knowledge about what questions students ask at the library desk and what the purpose is of their use of the desk. Our focus has been on the physical meetings with the students. The aim is to contribute to the discussion on the future development of the library service desk.  
Methods – We recorded questions asked at the desks to explore how students use the library service desks. The recording, where library staff sorted questions into predefined categories, took place over four weeks between the years 2017–2018.
Results – Our recording showed that 63% of the questions asked at the library service desks were about loan services, document delivery, and access to physical and electronic collections. Practical things such as opening hours, lost and found items, and the location of the group study rooms, accounted for 16% of questions. Questions about information technology (IT) made up 8% of questions. Finally, the results showed that 8% of the questions from the four weeks of counting were counselling and guidance questions, and 2% were about literature lists, reference management, and reference management tools. We found more questions about counselling and guidance in the spring weeks and more practical questions in the fall. We did not find any clear connection between the number of questions and the size of the branch libraries.
Conclusion – By conducting this study, we have learned more about why students use the library desk. Our study shows that students come to the library desk to ask about a lot more than just borrowing staples. The results from the study will inform the development of the library desk service going forward.
Does the READ Scale Work for Chat? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Warner Adrienne , Hurley David A.
Published: September 2022

Objective – This review aims to determine the suitability of the READ Scale for chat service assessment. We investigated how librarians rate chats and their interpretations of the results, and compared these findings to the original purpose of the Scale.
Methods – We performed a systematic search of databases in order to retrieve sources, applied inclusion and exclusion criteria, and read the remaining articles. We synthesized common themes that emerged into a discussion of the use of the READ Scale to assess chat service. Additionally, we compiled READ Scale designations across institutions to allow side-by-side comparisons of ratings of chat interactions.
Results – This review revealed that librarians used a variety of approaches in applying and understanding READ Scale ratings. Determination of staffing levels was often the primary goal. Further, librarians consistently rated chat interactions in the lower two-thirds of the scale, which has implications for service perception and recommendations.
Conclusion – The findings of this review indicated that librarians frequently use READ Scale data to make staffing recommendations, both in terms of numbers of staff providing chat service and level of experience to adequately meet service demand. Evidence suggested, however, that characteristics of the scale itself may lead to a distorted understanding of chat service, skewing designations to the lower end of the scale, and undervaluing the service.
Academic Librarians’ Educational Factors and Perceptions of Teaching Transformation: An Exploratory Examination
Authors: Nichols Hess Amanda
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective – As information literacy instruction is an increasingly important function of academic librarianship, it is relevant to consider librarians’ attitudes about their teaching. More specifically, it can be instructive to consider how academic librarians with different educational backgrounds have developed their thinking about themselves as educators. Understanding the influences in how these shifts have happened can help librarians to explore the different supports and structures that enable them to experience such perspective transformation.

Methods – The author electronically distributed a modified version of King’s (2009) Learning Activities Survey to academic librarians on three instruction-focused electronic mail lists. This instrument collected information on participants’ demographics, occurrence of perspective transformation around teaching, and perception of the factors that influenced said perspective transformation (if applicable). The author analyzed the data for those academic librarians who had experienced perspective transformation around their teaching identities to determine if statistically significant relationships existed between their education and the factors they reported as influencing this transformation.

Results – Results demonstrated several statistically significant relationships and differences in the factors that academic librarians with different educational backgrounds cited as influential in their teaching-focused perspective transformation.

Conclusion – This research offers a starting point for considering how to support different groups of librarians as they engage in information literacy instruction. The findings suggest that addressing academic librarians’ needs based on their educational levels (e.g., additional Master’s degrees, PhDs, or professional degrees) may help develop productive professional learning around instruction.
Biokinetic Study of Microbial Decontamination of Oilfield Produced Water
Authors: B Nwokoma Darlington , K Dagde Kenneth , G Akpa Jackson , Emmanuel Ehirim
Published: September 2022

This work was aimed at identifying microbials and determining the biokinetic parameters for bio-decontamination of oilfield produced water. An extant physical treatment unit for produced water was re-engineered and retrofit with a discontinuous aerobic bioreactor (Bio-Unit) system. The Bio-Unit was operated in a fill-and-draw sequence and the rates of total organic carbon (TOC) removal and biomass growth were monitored. The isolated microbial strains were identified as Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Chryseobacterium spp. The biokinetic parameters of the bio-detoxification process were determined by fitting experimental data into the Monod Equation. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate (k_m), maximum specific growth rate (μ(m,h )), substrate half saturation coefficient (K(STOC )), yield (Y), and endogenous decay rate (b_h), were found to be 0.20 day-1, 0.31 day-1, 2.7 mg TOC/l, 1.6 mg MLSS/mg TOC, and 0.23 day-1, respectively. These values are within the range published in literatures for oilfield produced water, thus will suffice for designing, modeling and control of biological treatment systems, since biokinetic parameters for real oilfield produced water treatment using discontinuous biological configuration is scanty.
Thermo-Hydraulic Optimization of Shell and Externally Finned Tubes Heat Exchanger by the Thermal Efficiency Method and Second Law of Thermodynamics
Authors: Nogueira Elcio
Published: September 2022

The application aims to determine the thermal and hydraulic performance of externally finned, counter-flow, Shell, and Tube Heat Exchangers (STHE). The application refers to the cooling of machine oil flowing in the annular region, including non-spherical cylindrical nanoparticles of Boehmite Alumina. The oil inlet temperature is equal to 80 °C. Sea water is a coolant with an inlet temperature of 20°C. The main parameter in the optimization process is the number of finned tubes used for oil cooling. Another optimization factor is the number of heat exchanger units connected by hairpin. The number of fins per tube is fixed, equal to 34. The oil flow is set and equal to 4.0 kg/s. The inlet water flow varies, with a maximum flow of 5.0 kg/s. The quantities determined for analysis are: the thermal effectiveness, the actual and maximum heat transfer rates, the pressure drops caused in the tubes and by the flow in the annular region and fin system, the thermal and viscous irreversibilities, and the fluid outlet temperatures, and the thermodynamic Bejan number. It was determined that increasing the number of finned tubes from two to six tubes leads to better thermal and hydrodynamic performance. That is, it produces a favorable cost-benefit, to the detriment of the high viscous dissipation caused by the oil in the annular region. As an object of analysis, the inclusion of nanoparticles showed a significant improvement in thermal performance and an increase in viscous dissipation, with a slight decline in the Bejan number.
«The rye of science…»
Authors:   Saratov State University, Elina Elena G.
Published: September 2022

The review of the encyclopedic dictionary M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and his contemporaries focuses on the relevance, the essential uniqueness and practical applicability of the publication. The dictionary, dedicated to the contemporaries of Saltykov-Shchedrin, is a philological event of great consequence. Any research of the writer’s oeuvre in the social, historical, political, and, by all means, literary contexts makes it possible to consider the author’s biography, his creative intentions and the particulars of their actualization in a consistent manner. This is particularly relevant for Saltykov, whose life and works are permeated with the pathos of acute actuality. Each encyclopedia entry in the dictionary serves both as a piece of information about a new character and the integration of the biographical and literary particulars shedding light on various stages of Saltykov’s creative work, on the ways and means facilitating the formation of his political stance, his literary views and his creative mind in general. Historical, literary, cultural, social, political contexts of Saltykov-Shchedrin’s biography and oeuvre are expanded by means of the names, one way of another mentioned in the satirical confessions of the writer or in his epistolary legacy. The projection on the writer-satirist helps to shape a new image of those who seemed to be just the backdrop, against which significant events took place. It is emphasized that the book is addressed to both a professional literary scientist, and to an average reader. The authors of the articles introduce new information concerning Saltykov’s biography, his literary ties, his view of the public life, culture and art of Russia and foreign countries into scientific circulation. A number of articles start featuring historic, literary and textual elaborations. Dictionary entries are based on under-published and archived materials. For the first time the corpus The chronicles of the life and oeuvre of M. E. Saltykov is given. A significant part of the dictionary work has been done by the scientists of Saratov National Research State University I. V. Kabanova and I. A. Knigin.
A Study on Antibiotic Usage and Resistance in Ras Al Khaimah
Authors: Vazhappilly Cijo , Fernandes Wilfa , Merheb Maxime , Matar Rachel , Hodeify Rawad , Mathew Shimy , Radhakrishnan Rajan , Al Zaabi Fatema , Marton John , Al Zouabi Hussain , Hossain Ashfaque
Published: September 2022

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a significant threat to the health of many worldwide. The emergence of AR has become the main source of morbidity and mortality from infections that would otherwise have been treatable. AR is mainly caused by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), bacterial resistance to antibiotics is escalating due to: a) practice of self-medication with antibiotics among the residents of the UAE; b) the easy procurement of antibiotics from local pharmacies without prescription; and c) expatriates’ importation of antibiotics from their home country. The present study focused on the usage of antibiotics among the population of Ras Al Khaimah. This study surveyed 306 residents of Ras Al Khaimah to understand their knowledge, awareness, attitude, practices, and perceptions on antibiotics usage. The major pharmacies in Ras Al Khaimah were also surveyed to identify whether the policies on dispensing antibiotics are followed. Of the 306 respondents, %49 have practiced self-medication using antibiotics at least once. The study also finds that pharmacies dispense antibiotics without prescription due to customer demand for antibiotics, lack of patients’ time, patients’ needs, lack of medical insurance, and money concerns. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the level of AR awareness and usage among the Ras Al Khaimah population and emphasizes the need to implement best practices at the grassroots level to overcome the crisis.
Cultivating Local, Homegrown Entrepreneurship in the UAE and Ras Al Khaimah
Authors: Lee Seungah
Published: September 2022

Citing the need to diversify the economy and engage youth to be more active participants in society, the promotion of entrepreneurship, especially among youth, has been a prominent feature of the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) national development vision, goals, and ambitions in recent years. In fact, entrepreneurship has not only been greatly valued in the UAE as a tonic for economic and demographic challenges but also as a way forward. Top-down promotion of entrepreneurship towards a national vision for development and innovation has laid the foundations for constructing an entrepreneurship ecosystem and sector. Organizations have played a key role as enactors of an emerging entrepreneurship ecosystem. In particular, entrepreneurship support organizations (ESOs) have been functioning as intermediaries and facilitators between the entrepreneur, entrepreneurship ecosystem, and the state.
This paper finds that ESOs reframe their purposes to culture and mindset shifting towards entrepreneurship, highlighting the number of participants and training programs delivered as measures of success over the number of start-ups launched in the face of barriers to homegrown entrepreneurship development. Additionally, these organizations do not limit their participant pool to local, national populations. Rather, they open their programs to all in the effort to fill the gap with globally sourced talent, resulting in a bifurcated entrepreneurship ecosystem that in some ways excludes young entrepreneurs, contributing to youth disillusionment of the hype around entrepreneurship promotion.
The policy paper offers the following recommendations: (1) Move beyond mindset shifting and culture building around entrepreneurship for local, national populations by providing more tangible opportunities for young, aspiring entrepreneurs to address relevant industry and/or societal challenges through their entrepreneurial endeavors; (2) Foster and create learning opportunities such as internships for young, national entrepreneurs with more mature global start-ups who are a part of government-sponsored incubator/accelerator programs to develop national entrepreneurial capacity; and (3) Provide greater access to entrepreneurial opportunities for non-national youth who consider the UAE their home and are engaging in entrepreneurial activities but find that they are excluded from local opportunities and resources.
The Effect of Occupational Stress and Concerns about the COVID-19 Pandemic on Secondary Traumatic Stress Syndrome among Iranian Frontline Nurses: A Mediating Model
Authors: Safari Shirazi Maryam , Sadeghzadeh Marziyeh , Abbasi Moslem , Yousefi Marziyeh , Hedayati Arvin
Published: September 2022

Objective: With the increasing effects of stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and occupational stress on the mental health of frontline nurses, it is imperative to further investigate how these stresses affect nurses’ mental health and secondary traumatic stress syndrome. This research aimed to investigate the relationship of nurses' occupational stress and concerns about COVID-19 with secondary traumatic stress syndrome, and also to investigate the mediating effect that concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic have on the relationship between nurses' occupational stress and secondary traumatic stress syndrome.
Method: A cross-sectional design was adopted. The population of the study was defined as all front-line nurses in Shiraz hospitals, from which 225 nurses of two corona care hospitals were selected using convenience sampling. The degree of secondary traumatic stress, concerns about the COVID-19, and nurses' occupational stress were assessed using Bride’s Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), an adopted version of Level of Concerns about the COVID-19 questionnaire, and the Nurses’ Occupational Stressor Scale (NOSS) among Hospital-based Healthcare Workers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships among variables.
Results: Results showed that nurses’ occupational stresses presented a direct effect on nurses’ level of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 0.85, P < 0.001), and concern about the COVID-19 pandemic was directly related to front-line nurse's secondary traumatic stress syndrome (β = 0.83, P < 0.001). In addition, nurses’ level of concern about the COVID-19 pandemic fully mediated the effects of nurses’ occupational stresses on their secondary traumatic stress (β = 0.70, P < 0.001). This indirect effect has explained 68% of the variance in nurses’ secondary traumatic stress.
Conclusion: These results emphasized the indirect effect of nurses’ occupational stresses on secondary traumatic stress syndrome via mediating the level of concern about COVID-19. Therefore, to reduce the secondary traumatic stress of nurses who have dealt directly with COVID-19 patients, it seems necessary to pay serious attention to the sources of their occupational stress, which probably existed even before this pandemic and increased their concerns in pandemic conditions.
Identifying Important Challenges of Coping with Female Breast Cancer among Iranian Spouses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jahani Sayad Noveiri Marzieh , Khodaveisi Masoud , Shamsaei Farshid , Vanaki Zohreh , Tapak Leili
Published: September 2022

Objective: Breast cancer is a multidimensional crisis for women and their spouses that affects every aspect of their life. Coping with this disease requires investigating and resolving the challenges faced by all those affected by it. The present study was conducted to clarify these challenges on the basis of lived experiences of the spouses of women with breast cancer.
Method: The present qualitative research performed an interpretive phenomenological analysis in Iran.Purposive sampling was employed to select twenty spouses of women with breast cancer. The data collected through unstructured face-to-face interviews were analyzed using van Manen’s method. To ensure the rigor of the study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were evaluated in the qualitative process.
Results: Lived experiences of the spouses of the women with breast cancer in coping with challenges included the four themes of emotional confusion, shouldering the burden of care, psychophysical suffering caused by the disease and life without cohesion.
Conclusion: Spouses of the women with breast cancer in the Iranian community faced several challenges and issues. The socioeconomic support provided by supporting organizations and medical personnel appear to help moderate these challenges and improve coping in this group.
Happiness and Internet Addiction among High School Girls in Iran: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Rastegarian Aida , Bazrafshan Amir , Keshavarz Pedram
Published: September 2022

Objective: Happiness is an essential component in measuring quality of life. Today, rapid internet use proliferation has led to adverse effects on this behavior of individuals and family structures.
Method: The statistical population consisted of 500 high school girls aged between 15 and 18 studying in 10th, 11th, and 12th grades at Shiraz, Iran, from February 2018 to March 2019. The data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The test and the questionnaire were translated into Persian. The validity and reliability were approved by earlier studies in Iran. Five hundred high school students participated in the study.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 16.7 ± 0.97 years, and their grade point average (GPA) was 18.41 ± 7.92. Among the 500 participants, 55% (275) of fathers and 65.8% (329) of mothers had parents with a diploma degree, and 162 (32.4%) were affected by Internet Addiction (IA). The univariate analysis showed that participants' education field, parents' educational status, each parent's vocational status, participants' GPA, and their duration of Internet usage correlated with the IA (P ≤ 0.2). Furthermore, multiple logistic analyses showed that mothers’ education (P < 0.055) and participants’ minutes of Internet usage (P < 0.001) correlated with IA.
Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between happiness score and internet addiction among high school female students in Shiraz, Iran.
Online Sexual Activity among Iranian Clients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Its Correlation with Severity of Symptoms
Authors: Mohammadsadeghi Homa , Rashedi Vahid , Shahesmaeili Atoosa , Mirhaj Mohammadabadi Motahareh Sadat , Hadi Fatemeh , Boroon Mahsa , Shalbafan Mohammadreza
Published: September 2022

Objective: Clients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Online sexual platforms convey abusive and harmful themes, especially for this group of sexually impulsive patients. We hypothesized a correlation between their online sexual activities and the severity of BPD symptoms.
Method: Fifty clients with BPD who were referred to Iran psychiatric hospital and Tehran Psychiatric Institute in 2020 participated in this research. The Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST) questionnaire was used to assess the severity of BPD symptoms, and the Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) was used to evaluate online sexual behaviors. A psychiatric interview considered substance abuse and other confounding factors.
Results: The mean ISST and BEST scores were 7.82 ± 5.74 and 41.7 ± 12.5, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between the severity of BPD symptoms and online sexual activities (P < 0.001, r = 0.480). There was also a significant relationship between online sexual activities and a history of substance abuse (P = 0.003, F = 25.06).
Conclusion: Online sexual activity can harm clients with BPD who are more vulnerable to high-risk sexual behaviors. More severe borderline personality traits were associated with more online sexual activity, which underlines the importance of providing education about and managing such activities in clients with BPD.
Fear of COVID-19 Higher among Food-Insecure Households: A Model-Based Study, Mediated by Perceived Stress among Iranian Populations
Authors: Ezzeddin Neda , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Kalantari Naser , Ahmadi Mohammad , Beheshti Zeinab
Published: September 2022

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis accompanied by multiple psychological consequences (including fear of COVID-19) and threatens the food security status of millions of people. This study aimed to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and food insecurity, mediated by perceived stress.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2871 Iranian participants (18-80 years), recruited through the Social Media during the COVID-19 epidemic. The demographic and socio-economic information questionnaire, Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), COVID-19 fear scale (FCV-19S), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (MSPSS) were used in data gathering. Descriptive and analytical analyses were done using SPSS 22.0 and Amos 22.0 was used for structural equation modeling (SES).
Results: Food insecurity has significant positive direct and indirect (mediated by perceived stress) correlations with fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). It was also shown that perceived social support could negatively relate to fear of COVID-19 through the pathways of food security status or perceived stress (P < 0.05). Among women, the presence of a child under 5 had a significant direct association with fear of COVID-19 (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Food insecurity was associated with more perceived fear of COVID-19 among the studied population. The crisis caused by COVID-19 highlights the need to increase social resilience through developing and implementing appropriate strategies to prevent and mitigate social costs (whether physical, psychological, or nutritional).
A Comparison of Relation between Resilience, Locus of Control, Quality of Relationship and Pain Intensity with Dialysis Adequacy in Patients with Peritoneal and Hemodialysis
Authors: Eslampour Shamim , Hajirezaei Shahram , Sagheb Mohammad Mahdi , Ezatzadegan Jahromi Shahrokh , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: September 2022

Objective: Mental health in people with chronic diseases undergoes many changes due to conflict with the pain caused by the disease, which can have a reciprocal effect on the course and quality of the patient's treatment. The goal of the present study is to compare the correlation between locus of control, relationship quality, pain intensity and resilience with dialysis adequacy and laboratory indicators in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients.
Method: This causal-comparative study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis (HD) and 30 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients through the convenience sampling method. The data was collected using Pierce Quality Relationship Inventory (QRI), Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (RLOC), and Von Korff’s Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), and experimental data collected through blood and urine sampling and analyzed with Fisher's test and multivariate analysis of variance.
Results: Conclusion of the Fisher test evinced that there was a significant difference between quality of relationships with parents and amount of Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P) and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) as well between quality of relationships with friends and amount of Creatinine (Cr), and between the intensity of pain with K and Albumin (Alb) in patients with PD and HD (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion of analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of quality of relationships with friends, K, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Cr, Alb and PTH in the PD group were significantly lower than the mean scores of HD patients (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Also, mean of dialysis adequacy in patients with PD was significantly higher (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Based on findings, in order to increase dialysis adequacy of patients, along with medical interventions, psychological variables and mental health improvement of patients should also be considered.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Frontline Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relationship with Occupational Burnout
Authors: Fateminia Amaneh , Hasanvand Shirin , Goudarzi Fateme , Mohammadi Rasool
Published: September 2022

Objective: This study aimed to determine the level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nurses and its relationship with occupational burnout.
Method: This online cross-sectional survey was conducted from late November to early January 2020 in six hospitals in Iran. 309 frontline nurses in COVID-19 wards were selected via stratified random sampling and asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-revised version (IES-R), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in an anonymous online survey. Data management and analysis were performed in SPSS 25.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression.
Results: The majority of the participants were women (81.6%) with a mean ± SD age of 31.56 ± 6.42 years. The mean ± SD of the total PTSD score was 39.2 ± 16.44 years, indicating severe PTSD among nurses. The mean ± SD of the total occupational burnout score was 82.77 ± 19.38, expressing moderate burnout. The findings also demonstrated a significant moderate correlation between PTSD and occupational burnout (r = 0.363, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship of occupational burnout with PTSD, work experience, number of night shifts per month, and employment status (P < 0.05). However, in multivariate analysis, only PTSD had a positive and significant relationship with occupational burnout (P < 0.001; R2 = 160; β = 0.339) and was a predicting factor for it.
Conclusion: We found that both PTSD and burnout are common among nurses. Given the role of PTSD especially as a predictor of burnout and the significant impact of these disorders on occupational and non-occupational activities, immediate and appropriate measures are necessary to monitor and reduce their effects on the nurses who are at the forefront of fighting the pandemic.