bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Could Populism Be Good for Constitutional Democracy?
Authors: Bugaric Bojan
Published: July 2019

Populism is Janus-faced. There is not a single form of populism but rather a variety of different forms, each with profoundly different political consequences. Despite the current hegemony of authoritarian populism, a much different sort of populism is also possible: democratic and antiestablishment populism, which combines elements of liberal and democratic convictions. When we examine the relationship between populism and constitutional democracy, populism should not be considered in isolation from its host ideology. Examples of democratic, liberal, socially inclusive forms of populism quite clearly show that authoritarianism and anti-pluralism are not necessarily the key elements of populism. However, the paucity of democratic populism also suggests that we have to look at factors other than ideology to understand why nativist and authoritarian populism currently dominates the political scene. Without understanding the political economy of the populist revolt, it is difficult to understand the true roots of populism and, consequently, to devise an appropriate democratic alternative to authoritarian populism. The ascendancy of right-wing nationalist populism today is a symptom of the failure of progressive politics.
Cryo-Electron Microscopy: Moving Beyond X-Ray Crystal Structures for Drug Receptors and Drug Development
Authors: García-Nafría Javier , Tate Christopher G.
Published: July 2019

Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structure determination of membrane proteins and holds great potential for structure-based drug discovery. Here we discuss the potential of cryo-EM in the rational design of therapeutics for membrane proteins compared to X-ray crystallography. We also detail recent progress in the field of drug receptors, focusing on cryo-EM of two protein families with established therapeutic value, the γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) and G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). GABAARs are pentameric ion channels, and cryo-EM structures of physiological heteromeric receptors in a lipid environment have uncovered the molecular basis of receptor modulation by drugs such as diazepam. The structures of ten GPCR–G protein complexes from three different classes of GPCRs have now been determined by cryo-EM. These structures give detailed insights into molecular interactions with drugs, GPCR–G protein selectivity, how accessory membrane proteins alter receptor–ligand pharmacology, and the mechanism by which HIV uses GPCRs to enter host cells.
Artificial Intelligence in Drug Treatment
Authors: Romm Eden L. , Tsigelny Igor F.
Published: July 2019

The most common applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in drug treatment have to do with matching patients to their optimal drug or combination of drugs, predicting drug-target or drug-drug interactions, and optimizing treatment protocols. This review outlines some of the recently developed AI methods aiding the drug treatment and administration process. Selection of the best drug(s) for a patient typically requires the integration of patient data, such as genetics or proteomics, with drug data, like compound chemical descriptors, to score the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. The prediction of drug interactions often relies on similarity metrics, assuming that drugs with similar structures or targets will have comparable behavior or may interfere with each other. Optimizing the dosage schedule for administration of drugs is performed using mathematical models to interpret pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. The recently developed and powerful models for each of these tasks are addressed, explained, and analyzed here.
Cardiac remodeling after six weeks of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in endurance-trained men
Authors: Mahjoub Haïfa , Le Blanc Olivier , Paquette Myriam , Imhoff Sarah , Labrecque Lawrence , Drapeau Audrey , Poirier Paul , Bédard Élisabeth , Pibarot Philippe , Brassard Patrice
Published: July 2019

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac cavities’ size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained men underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 6 wk of HIIT. Participants were divided into 2 groups [85% maximal aerobic power (HIIT85), n = 8 and 115% maximal aerobic power (HIIT115), n = 9] to compare the impact of different HIIT intensities. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiac chambers’ size and function were similar between groups at baseline. HIIT reduced heart rate (55 ± 8 vs. 51 ± 7 beats/min; P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (121 ± 11 vs. 118 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), mean arterial pressure (90 ± 8 vs. 89 ± 6 mmHg; P = 0.03), and pulse pressure (52 ± 6 vs. 49 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.01) irrespective of training intensity. Left atrium volumes increased after HIIT (maximal: 50 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 14 mL; P = 0.02; minimal: 15 ± 5 vs. 20 ± 8 mL; P = 0.01) in both groups. Right ventricle global longitudinal strain lowered after training in the HIIT85 group only (20 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 3%, P = 0.04). In endurance-trained men, 6 wk of HIIT reduced systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and increased left atrium volumes irrespective of training intensity, whereas submaximal HIIT deteriorated right ventricle systolic function.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel findings of this study are that 6 wk of high-intensity interval training increases left atrial volumes irrespective of training intensity (85 or 115% maximal aerobic power), whereas the submaximal training decreases right ventricular systolic function in endurance-trained men. These results may help identify the exercise threshold for potential toxicity of intense exercise training for at-risk individuals and ideal exercise training regimens conferring optimal cardiovascular protection and adapted endurance training for athletes.
CORP: Practical tools for improving experimental design and reporting of laboratory studies of cardiovascular physiology and metabolism
Authors: Weeks Kate L. , Henstridge Darren C. , Salim Agus , Shaw Jonathan E. , Marwick Thomas H. , McMullen Julie R.
Published: July 2019

The exercise consisted of: 1) a short survey to acquire baseline data on current practices regarding the conduct of animal studies, 2) a series of presentations for promoting awareness and providing advice and practical tools for improving experimental design, and 3) a follow-up survey 12 mo later to assess whether practices had changed. The surveys were compulsory for responsible investigators ( n = 16; paired data presented). Other investigators named on animal ethics applications were encouraged to participate (2017, total of 36 investigators; 2018, 37 investigators). The major findings to come from the exercise included 1) a willingness of investigators to make changes when provided with knowledge/tools and solutions that were relatively simple to implement (e.g., proportion of responsible investigators showing improved practices using a structured method for randomization was 0.44, 95% CI (0.19; 0.70), P = 0.003, and deidentifying drugs/interventions was 0.40, 95% CI (0.12; 0.68), P = 0.010); 2) resistance to change if this involved more personnel and time (e.g., as required for allocation concealment); and 3) evidence that changes to long-term practices (“habits”) require time and follow-up. Improved practices could be verified based on changes in reporting within publications or documented evidence provided during laboratory visits. In summary, this exercise resulted in changed attitudes, practices, and reporting, but continued follow-up, monitoring, and incentives are required. Efforts to improve experimental rigor will reduce bias and will lead to findings with the greatest translational potential.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The goal of this exercise was to encourage preclinical researchers to improve the quality of their cardiac and metabolic animal studies by 1) increasing awareness of concerns, which can arise from suboptimal experimental designs; 2) providing knowledge, tools, and templates to overcome bias; and 3) conducting two short surveys over 12 mo to monitor change. Improved practices were identified for the uptake of structured methods for randomization, and de-identifying interventions/drugs.

Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/experimental-design-survey-training-practical-tools/ .
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase is a more effective calcium remover than sodium-calcium exchanger in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Sen , Chopra Anant , Keung Wendy , Chan Camie W. Y. , Costa Kevin D. , Kong Chi-Wing , Hajjar Roger J. , Chen Christopher S. , Li Ronald A.
Published: July 2019

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (CMs) display immature Ca2+–handing properties with smaller transient amplitudes and slower kinetics due to such differences in crucial Ca2+-handling proteins as the poor sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump but robust Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activities in human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived VCMs compared with adult. Despite their fundamental importance in excitation-contraction coupling, the relative contribution of SERCA and NCX to Ca2+-handling of hPSC-VCMs remains unexplored. We systematically altered the activities of SERCA and NCX in human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hESC-VCMs) and their engineered microtissues, followed by examining the resultant phenotypic consequences. SERCA overexpression in hESC-VCMs shortened the decay of Ca2+ transient at low frequencies (0.5 Hz) without affecting the amplitude, SR Ca2+ content and Ca2+ baseline. Interestingly, short hairpin RNA-based NCX suppression did not prolong the transient decay, indicating a compensatory response for Ca2+ removal. Although hESC-VCMs and their derived microtissues exhibited negative frequency-transient/force responses, SERCA overexpression rendered them less negative at high frequencies (>2 Hz) by accelerating Ca2+ sequestration. We conclude that for hESC-VCMs and their microtissues, SERCA, rather than NCX, is the main Ca2+ remover during diastole; poor SERCA expression is the leading cause for immature negative-frequency/force responses, which can be partially reverted by forced expression. Combinatorial approach to mature calcium handling in hESC-VCMs may help shed further mechanistic insights.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, we studied the role of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in Ca2+ handling. Our data support the notion that SERCA is more effective in cytosolic calcium removal than the NCX.
Intraspecific Energetic Trade-Offs and Costs of Encephalization Vary from Interspecific Relationships in Three Species of Mormyrid Electric Fishes
Authors: Sukhum Kimberley V. , Freiler Megan K. , Carlson Bruce A.
Published: July 2019

The evolution of increased encephalization comes with an energetic cost. Across species, this cost may be paid for by an increase in metabolic rate or by energetic trade-offs between the brain and other energy-expensive tissues. However, it remains unclear whether these solutions to deal with the energetic requirements of an enlarged brain are related to direct physiological constraints or other evolved co-adaptations. We studied the highly encephalized mormyrid fishes, which have extensive species diversity in relative brain size. We previously found a correlation between resting metabolic rate and relative brain size across species; however, it is unknown how this interspecific relationship evolved. To address this issue, we measured intraspecific variation in relative brain size, the sizes of other organs, metabolic rate, and hypoxia tolerance to determine if intraspecific relationships between brain size and organismal energetics are similar to interspecific relationships. We found that 3 species of mormyrids with varying degrees of encephalization had no intraspecific relationships between relative brain size and relative metabolic rate or relative sizes of other organs, and only 1 species had a relationship between relative brain size and hypoxia tolerance. These species-specific differences suggest that the interspecific relationship between metabolic rate and relative brain size is not the result of direct physiological constraints or strong stabilizing selection, but is instead due to other species level co-adaptations. We conclude that variation within species must be considered when determining the energetic costs and trade-offs underlying the evolution of extreme encephalization.
The Longitudinal Relationship of Perceived Stress Predicting Subsequent Decline in Executive Functioning in Old Age Is Attenuated in Individuals with Greater Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Ihle Andreas , Rimmele Ulrike , Oris Michel , Maurer Jürgen , Kliegel Matthias
Published: July 2019

Background: Cognitively stimulating activities contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve that is proposed to be instrumental for maintaining cognitive functioning in aging. Adopting a novel, more general conceptual perspective including models of vulnerability, we argue that cognitive reserve may modify the longitudinal association between perceived stress and the rate of subsequent decline in executive functioning. Objective: The present study set out to investigate the longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years as measured through performance changes in the Trail Making Test (TMT) and whether this longitudinal relationship differed by key markers of cognitive reserve (education, occupation, and leisure activities), taking into account age, sex, and chronic diseases as covariates. Methods: We used latent change score modeling based on longitudinal data from 897 older adults tested on TMT parts A and B in two waves 6 years apart. Mean age in the first wave was 74.33 years. Participants reported information on perceived stress, education, occupation, leisure activities, and chronic diseases. Results: The longitudinal relationship between greater perceived stress in the first wave of data collection and steeper subsequent decline in executive functioning over 6 years was significantly reduced in individuals who had pursued a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. Conclusion: The longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and subsequent decline in executive functioning may be attenuated in individuals who have accumulated greater cognitive reserve through an engaged lifestyle. Implications for current cognitive reserve and gerontological research are discussed.
Genetic and Oral Tests for the Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance in Mixed-Ancestry Brazilians with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Araujo Edilene Maria , dos Santos Luama , Coutinho Radamés , Assis Viviane , Brandão Najara , Almeida Daniela , Conceição Gildásio , Figueredo Camila , Fonseca Hellen , Lima Maria de Lourdes , Lemaire Denise , Rios Domingos
Published: July 2019

Background/Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of physiological and anthropometric abnormalities. MetS has been linked to lactose intolerance (LI). The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity to detect LI using 2 different tests: (1) a genetic test and (2) an oral lactose tolerance test (OLTT). Methods: Two hundred and fifty-four MetS patients, ≥20 years of age, of both genders, were recruited for this comparative study. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genetic investigation: rs182549and rs4988235(both considered “gold standard”); rs56064699; rs148142676; rs562211644; rs59533246; rs3754689; rs2278544,and rs10552864(as potential novel SNPs). Sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values, were calculated for each genotype using WINPEPI version 11.65. Differences between positive and negative OLTT groups were considered statistically significant when p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among the selected SNPs, only rs182549(p < 0.001) and rs4988235(p < 0.001) gave similar results compared to an OLTT. The sensitivity of both SNPs to detect LI was 87 and 86%, and specificity was 83 and 82.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Genetic tests using rs182549and rs4988235SNPs showed high agreement with OLTT. These genetic tests may be a good option to replace OLTT in MetS patients.
"Uma tempestade que se esconde além das montanhas”
Authors: Rosas Cecilia
Published: July 2019

Boris Pasternak e Marina Tsvetáieva mantiveram intensa correspondência de 1922 até meados dos anos 1930. Ao longo desse período, como analisa Catherine Ciepiela, a possibilidade de um encontro vai alternadamente sendo adiada, e  os autores muitas vezes fazem das cartas laboratórios poéticos, no qual parecem buscar constituir uma linguagem amorosa original, como a recorrência de certas imagens. Este artigo procura analisar a recorrência da metáfora da montanha nas cartas de Tsvetáieva entre 1922 e 1926.
Dostoiévski e Graciliano Ramos: literaturas do subsolo
Authors: Lucas Paulo Roberto Mendonça
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo, estabeleço uma comparação entre Fiódor Dostoiévski e Graciliano Ramos. O objetivo principal do texto é demonstrar de que modo a literatura desses escritores se aproxima, a despeito das distâncias geográfica e temporal que os separam. Para tanto, partindo do momento histórico em que ambos produziram, analiso, sobretudo, as obras Memórias do subsolo e Angústia.
First record of the Small Bamboo Bat Tylonycteris fulvida (Peters, 1872) (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Nepal
Authors: Sharma Basant , Subedi Anoj , Subedi Bandana , Panthee Shristee , Acharya Pushpa Raj
Published: July 2019

A bamboo bat of the genus Tylonycteris was captured near Gupteshore Cave of Kushma in Parbat, Nepal.  Traditionally, two species of Tylonycteris (of T. pachypus complex and T. robustula complex) are known from the Indian subcontinent.  Due to inconsistency in taxonomic classification, several changes were recently made within the genus Tylonycteris—T. pachypus was corrected to T. fulvida and T. robustula to T. malayana.  The occurrence of Tylonycteris from Nepal’s diversified zoogeography, however, was never mentioned.  This note provides a new record of Tylonycteris from Nepal.  Based on morphological characteristics and species distribution range, this note confirms the captured species as T. fulvida.
First record of the Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) from Bhutan
Authors: Rinchen Kado , Kinley Kinley , Dorji Chhimi , Wangmo Dorji
Published: July 2019

During a patrolling duty in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park (JSWNP) in Bhutan, a lone male Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelan was observed and photographed. This is the first photographic evidence and confirmation on presence of the species in Bhutan. These new record confirm an extension of the species’ distribution in the North East Indian Sub Continent. As this is new record to Bhutan, there could be other undetected incidence of migrant species occurrence in the country. More observation must be carried out during bird migration seasons to discover such instances.
First report of the Australian gall midge Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné, 1999 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Vasanthakumar Duraikannu , Sharma Radhesyam Murlidhar
Published: July 2019

Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné, 1999 is reported as a new record from Andaman Islands, India.  A brief diagnosis and images of its diagnostic characters are given to facilitate easy identification.
Species richness and abundance of monogonont rotifers in relation to environmental factors in the UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand
Authors: Plangklang Nattaporn , Boonyanusith Chaichat , Athibai Sujeephon
Published: July 2019

The UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve plays an important role in nature conservation and environmental protection.  Previous focus on terrestrial habitats and neglect of aquatic ecosystems has resulted in an incomplete picture of biodiversity of the area.  Based on the first investigation of planktonic diversity, rotifers were collected seasonally at five localities from September 2013 to May 2014 using a Schindler-Patalas plankton trap and a plankton net.  Fifteen families, 25 genera and 71 species of rotifers were identified.  The most diverse families were Lecanidae, Brachionidae, Lepadellidae, and Trichocercidae, accounting for 80% of the total species count.  The maximum species richness was reported at the reservoir, with 57 species (80% of the total), while the minimum species richness (34) was observed at the ponds.  The rainy season had the highest density, followed by winter and summer, with 149.15 N/l from an intermittent stream, and 95.43 and 50.68 N/l from a pond, respectively.  Most of the sampling sites at the three seasonal occasions were dominated by a planktonic species Polyarthra vulgaris.  The results indicate that the seasonal variation of the rotifer assemblage is related to the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters.
Notes on the hairstreak butterflies Euaspa Moore, 1884 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with new distribution records to the Indian eastern Himalaya
Authors: Das Gaurab Nandi , Gayen Subrata , Saito Motoki , Chandra Kailash
Published: July 2019

The genus Euaspa Moore, 1884 (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Theclini) of Zephyrus Hairstreak butterflies is represented by 14 species worldwide.  Among these, four species were recorded from the Indian mainland.  In this paper, E. motokii Koiwaya, 2002, previously known only from the Kachin State of Myanmar, is reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh in India.  Also, E. mikamii Koiwaya, 2002 is recorded for the second time from India since the collection of the holotype in 1991 from the eastern Himalaya.
Clinical and Electrophysiological Correlates of Incessant Ivabradine-Sensitive Atrial Tachycardia
Authors: Banavalikar Bharatraj , Shenthar Jayaprakash , Padmanabhan Deepak , Valappil Sanjai Pattu , Singha Sinam Inaoton , Kottayan Anju , Ghadei Milan , Ali Muzaffar
Published: July 2019

Background:

Incessant focal atrial tachycardia (FAT), if untreated, can lead to ventricular dysfunction and heart failure (tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy). Drug therapy of FAT is often difficult and ineffective. The efficacy of ivabradine has not been systematically evaluated in the treatment of FAT.

Methods:

The study group consisted of patients with incessant FAT (lasting >24 hours) and structurally normal hearts. Patients with ventricular dysfunction as a consequence of FAT were not excluded. All antiarrhythmic drugs were discontinued at least 5 half-lives before the initiation of ivabradine. Oral ivabradine (adults, 10 mg twice 12 hours apart; pediatric patients: 0.28 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) was initiated in the intensive care unit under continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. A positive response was defined as the termination of tachycardia with the restoration of sinus rhythm or suppression of the tachycardia to <100 beats per minute without termination within 12 hours of initiating ivabradine.

Results:

Twenty-eight patients (mean age, 34.6±21.5 years; women, 60.7%) were included in the study. The most common symptom was palpitation (85.7%) followed by shortness of breath (25%). The mean atrial rate during tachycardia was 170±21 beats per minute, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 54.7±14.3%. Overall, 18 (64.3%) patients responded within 6 hours of the first dose of ivabradine. Thirteen of 18 ivabradine responders subsequently underwent successful catheter ablation. FAT originating in the atrial appendages was a predictor of ivabradine response compared with those arising from other atrial sites (
P
=0.046).

Conclusions:

Ivabradine-sensitive atrial tachycardia constitutes 64% of incessant FAT in patients without structural heart disease. Incessant FAT originating in the atrial appendages is more likely to respond to ivabradine than that arising from other atrial sites. Our findings implicate the funny current in the pathogenesis of FAT.
Better Prognosis After Complete Revascularization Using Contemporary Coronary Stents in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hwang Doyeon , Kang Jeehoon , Yang Han-Mo , Yang Seokhun , Park Jiesuck , Han Jung-Kyu , Kang Hyun-Jae , Koo Bon-Kwon , Kim Hyo-Soo
Published: July 2019

Background:

The prognostic value of angiographic complete revascularization in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been thoroughly investigated, especially for contemporary coronary stents. We compared the clinical outcomes of complete and incomplete revascularization with second-generation drug-eluting stent, according to the presence of CKD.

Methods:

From the Grand Drug-Eluting Stent Registry (N=17 286) in Korea, we selected 8471 patients, who were treated with second-generation drug-eluting stent and had glomerular filtration rate and quantitative coronary angiography data (3014 [35.6%] patients with CKD and 5457 (64.4%) patients with preserved renal function). Angiographic complete revascularization was defined as a residual SYNTAX score (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) of 0. The primary outcome was the patient-oriented composite outcome at 3 years, including all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, and any revascularization.

Results:

The patient-oriented composite outcome rate after complete revascularization was significantly lower than that after incomplete revascularization in patients with CKD (14.6% versus 21.8%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.96;
P
=0.020) and in patients with preserved renal function (8.0% versus 12.0%; adjusted hazard ratio 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.94;
P
=0.011). The cutoff values of residual SYNTAX scores for predicting better patient-oriented composite outcomes were different according to the presence of CKD, that is, <3 and <8 in patients with CKD and with preserved renal function, respectively.

Conclusions:

Angiographic complete revascularization led to better clinical outcomes in patients with CKD and with preserved renal function. However, the residual SYNTAX score to achieve a better outcome was lower in patients with CKD than with preserved renal function, favoring more aggressive revascularization in patients with CKD.
Cardiac Myosin‐Binding Protein C to Diagnose Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Pre‐Hospital Setting
Authors: Kaier Thomas E. , Stengaard Carsten , Marjot Jack , Sørensen Jacob Thorsted , Alaour Bashir , Stavropoulou‐Tatla Stavroula , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Williams Luke , Thygesen Kristian , Weber Ekkehard , Marber Michael , Bøtker Hans Erik
Published: July 2019

Background

Early triage is essential to improve outcomes in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
). This study investigated whether cMyC (cardiac myosin‐binding protein), a novel biomarker of myocardial necrosis, can aid early diagnosis of
AMI
and risk stratification.

Methods and Results

cMyC
and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T were retrospectively quantified in blood samples obtained by ambulance‐based paramedics in a prospective, diagnostic cohort study. Patients with ongoing or prolonged periods of chest discomfort, acute dyspnoea in the absence of known pulmonary disease, or clinical suspicion of
AMI
were recruited. Discrimination power was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve; diagnostic performance was assessed at predefined thresholds. Diagnostic nomograms were derived and validated using bootstrap resampling in logistic regression models. Seven hundred seventy‐six patients with median age 68 [58;78] were recruited.
AMI
was the final adjudicated diagnosis in 22%. Median symptom to sampling time was 70 minutes.
cMyC
concentration in patients with
AMI
was significantly higher than with other diagnoses: 98 [43;855] versus 17 [9;42] ng/L. Discrimination power for
AMI
was better with
cMyC
than with high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (area under the curve, 0.839 versus 0.813;
P
=0.005). At a previously published rule‐out threshold (10 ng/L),
cMyC
reaches 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value in patients after 2 hours of symptoms. In logistic regression analysis,
cMyC
is superior to high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T and was used to derive diagnostic and prognostic nomograms to evaluate risk of AMI and death.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing blood draws very early after symptom onset,
cMyC
demonstrates improved diagnostic discrimination of
AMI
and could significantly improve the early triage of patients with suspected AMI.
Noncontrast Computed Tomography Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score May Modify Intra-Arterial Treatment Effect in DAWN
Authors: Bhuva Parita , Yoo Albert J. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Jovin Tudor G. , Haussen Diogo C. , Bonafe Alain , Budzik Ronald J. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Hanel Ricardo A. , Hassan Ameer E. , Ribo Marc , Cognard Christophe , Sila Cathy A. , Morgan Patricia M. , Zhang Yanchang , Shields Ryan , Smith Wade , Saver Jeffrey L. , Liebeskind David S. , Nogueira Raul G. ,   for the DAWN Trial Investigators
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

It is unknown whether noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) can identify patients who will benefit from intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in the extended time window. We sought to characterize baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) in DAWN (DWI or CTP Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake-Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) and to assess whether ASPECTS modified IAT effect.

Methods—

Core lab adjudicated ASPECTS scores were analyzed. The trial cohort was divided into 2 groups by qualifying imaging (computed tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging). ASPECTS-by-treatment interaction was tested for the trial coprimary end points (90-day utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and mRS, 0–2), mRS 0 to 3, and ordinal mRS. ASPECTS was evaluated separately as an ordinal and a dichotomized (0–6 versus 7–10) variable.

Results—

Of 205 DAWN subjects, 123 (60%) had NCCT ASPECTS, and 82 (40%) had diffusion weighted imaging ASPECTS. There was a significant ordinal NCCT ASPECTS-by-treatment interaction for 90-day utility-weighted mRS (interaction
P
=0.04) and mRS 0 to 2 (interaction
P
=0.02). For both end points, IAT effect was more pronounced at higher NCCT ASPECTS. The dichotomized NCCT ASPECTS-by-treatment interaction was significant only for mRS 0 to 2 (interaction
P
=0.04), where greater treatment benefit was seen in the ASPECTS 7 to 10 group (odds ratio, 7.50 [2.71–20.77] versus odds ratio, 0.48 [0.04–5.40]). A bidirectional treatment effect was observed in the NCCT ASPECTS 0 to 6 group, with treatment associated with not only more mRS 0 to 3 outcomes (50% versus 25%) but also more mRS 5 to 6 outcomes (40% versus 25%). There was no significant modification of IAT effect by diffusion weighted imaging ASPECTS.

Conclusions—

Baseline NCCT ASPECTS appears to modify IAT effect in DAWN. Higher NCCT ASPECTS was associated with greater benefit from IAT. No treatment interaction was observed for diffusion weighted imaging ASPECTS.
Effect of Heart Rate Variability on the Association Between the Apnea-Hypopnea Index and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Costa Aldo F. , Castillo Pablo R.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is associated with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), but pathogenesis of this association is elusive. We aimed to assess the effect of nighttime heart rate variability (HRV)—as a proxy of sympathetic upregulation—on the aforementioned association.

Methods—

Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years undergoing brain magnetic resonance imaging, polysomnography, and 24-hour Holter monitoring (N=176) were included. The presence of moderate-to-severe white matter hyperintensities, deep cerebral microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and >10 enlarged basal ganglia perivascular spaces were added for estimating the cSVD score. Interaction models were fitted to assess the effect modification of nighttime HRV in the association between the AHI and the cSVD score, and mediation analysis was utilized to assess the proportion of total effect by nighttime HRV on this association.

Results—

Generalized linear models showed a significant association between the AHI and the cSVD score (
P
=0.025), as well as a significant inverse association between nighttime HRV and the cSVD score (
P
=0.002), but no association between daytime HRV and the cSVD score (
P
=0.097). Interaction models showed a significant interaction of nighttime HRV on the association between AHI and the cSVD score (
P
=0.001), and mediation analysis found that the percent of total effect between AHI and cSVD score mediated by HRV was 30.8%. Predictive marginal means of the cSVD score were highly significant when the 10th percentile of nighttime HRV was compared across categories of 10th and 90th percentiles of the AHI (cSVD score margins, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.37–0.86] versus 1.67 [95% CI, 1.26–2.09]). Contour plots showed the effect of nighttime (but not daytime) HRV on the association between AHI and the cSVD score.

Conclusions—

This study shows an important effect of nighttime HRV on the association between the AHI and the cSVD score and provides further support for the role of sympathetic overactivity on this association.
John Chrysostom’s Reception of Basil of Caesarea’s Trinitarian Theology
Authors: Lai Pak-Wah
Published: July 2019

The last two decades have seen extensive research on the Trinitarian theologies of several post-Nicene Fathers. Not much, however, has been done for John Chrysostom. Thomas Karman and Pak-Wah Lai have demonstrated separately that Chrysostom shares several theological beliefs with the Eusebian-Meletians, including the doctrine of divine incomprehensibility, and their anti-Sabellian concerns. Stylianos Papadopoulos has claimed further that Chrysostom is a successor of both Athanasius and the Cap­padocians’ teachings. Among the Cappadocians, it was Basil of Caesarea who first allied himself with the Meletians in the 370s. This makes him a prime candidate for examining Chrysostom’s reception of Cappadocian theology. We observe, first of all, that both ­bishops operate within the Meletian tradition, employing a wide range of Eusebian motifs to denote the Trinitarian relations, including the use of hypostatic language as a safeguard against Sabellianism. Both also assume God’s nature as incomprehensible. Basil, however, also developed several theological ideas which feature prominently in Chrysostom’s homilies. Specifically, a doctrine of divine simplicity that distinguishes between the knowledge and conceptions of God’s ousia, a careful distinction between God’s ousia and hypostasis whereby the latter is taken as representing ousia in its particular properties or idiomata, the illuminating role of the Spirit, and, finally, the defence of the Son and Spirit’s full divinity by underscoring the fact that they are equal in knowledge, authority, honour, and power as the Father. Taken together, these similarities suggest strongly that Basil’s teachings loom large in Chrysostom’s Trinitarian theology.
Some Notes on the Schemes of Temporal Logics in Late Neoplatonism and in the Works of Origen and Gregory of Nyssa
Authors: Kamenskikh Aleksey
Published: July 2019

The article analyzes some key moments in the history of temporal logics in late antiquity (conception of integral time, relationship between temporal and eternal, extended and instant in the systems of Iamblichus, Proclus, Damascius and Simplicius), and genesis of Christian forms of temporal logics, which transform the everlasting homogenous time of κόσμος into history of universal salvation, alterate unextended νῦν, moment of psycho-physical time of late Neoplatonists, with καιρός, eschatologically charged instant of decision and act that can interrupt the continuity of time and to achieve instantaneously the end, τέλος of history.
Does the Flesh Possess Hypostatic Idioms, and If So, Why is it Then Not a Separate Hypostasis?
Authors: Krausmuller Dirk
Published: July 2019

This article focuses on a conceptual problem that arose from the application to Christology of the Cappadocian definition of hypostasis as substance with idioms. It discusses the solutions that were proposed by John of Caesarea, Leontius of Byzantium, John Philoponus, Leontius of Byzantium, Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus.
Medieval Georgian Projection of Religious Historiography of Late Antiquity
Authors: Doborjginidze Nino
Published: July 2019

The article analyses the historical concepts of the medieval Georgian history by Leonti Mroveli, as the projection of religious historiography in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Introductions to two redactions of The Georgian Chronicles have been considered. It has been shown that both versions have the same aim: to reconstruct the ethnic origin of the Georgians (our kin) from the onset of the world history and to legitimate our kin as an immediate partaker in the initial (Biblical) history. For this purpose, Leonti Mroveli uses diamerisms, a scheme of universal history (Διαμερισμὸς τῆς γῆς) employed in religious historiography from the 1st century AD. Fragments of diamerisms found in medieval Georgian historical narratives reveal that Georgian historiographers were familiar with them via Greek, Syriac, Ethiopian and Armenian versions and successfully used them to highlight the unity between the universal and their national (local) histories – the life of our kin.
The Acts of Lalibäla: a Collection of Fables or an Underestimated Historical Source?
Authors: Frantsouzoff Serge A.
Published: July 2019

The deeds and exploits of St. Lalibäla who was the most famous king of the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty are still awaiting to be published in full. To the modern researchers this important medieval text is available only in excerpts published by J. Perruchon in the 19th century. The author argues that Lalibäla’s Deeds is far from being an Ethiopian folklore. They comprise valuable authentic data, e.g. the persecution of Lalibäla at the royal court, his escape into the desert, his marriage, his subsequent becoming a king, the organization of his army, taxation policies and history of construction of the famous monolithic churches in the centre of Lasta. The author also argues that the title wäldä nägaśi, which is mentioned in his Deeds as well as its parallel wld/ngšy-n found in Middle Sabaean inscriptions is a sufficient evidence in favour of the military and political continuity between the Aksumite and Zagwe epochs. The Lalibäla’s Deeds comprise many minute details about the everyday life, which suggests that the Christians of Ethiopia had a centuries long oral tradition of preserving and transmitting historical information.
The St. Sisynnios Ethiopian Legend Revisited
Authors: Gusarova Ekaterina V.
Published: July 2019

The St. Sisynnios legend is an integral part of both Christian and popular Ethiopian historical traditions. It is known to exist in the Ge’ez language and constitutes a part of the compilation corpus based upon the so called magic or protective scrolls. There are two versions of the vita of St. Sisynnios. The shorter one is found in the Synaxarion, whereas the longer one is included in a corpus of hagiographical compilations “The Lives of the Martyrs”. The text of the legend comprises various stories based on real facts from the Saint’s life. However only some of them have been preserved intact; others have been re-told. Until recently have been discovered only three redactions of the vita. A new redaction recently discovered by the author of this article is of a paramount importance since it changes our view on how this legend did exist indeed in the Ethiopian cultural tradition.
Mussolini Predicted a Fascist Century: How Wrong Was He?
Authors: Griffin Roger
Published: July 2019

In the entry on ‘Fascism’ published in 1932 in the Enciclopedia Italiana, Benito Mussolini made a prediction. There were, he claimed, good reasons to think that the twentieth century would be a century of ‘authority’, the ‘right’: a fascist century (un secolo fascista). However, after 1945 the many attempts by fascists to perpetuate the dreams of the 1930s have come to naught. Whatever impact they have had at a local level, and however profound the delusion that fascists form a world-wide community of like-minded ultranationalists and racists revolutionaries on the brink of ‘breaking through’, as a factor in the shaping of the modern world, their fascism is clearly a spent force. But history is a kaleidoscope of perspectives that dynamically shift as major new developments force us to rewrite the narrative we impose on it. What if we take Mussolini’s secolo to mean not the twentieth century, but the ‘hundred years since the foundation of Fascism’? Then the story we are telling ourselves changes radically.
Long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in the collection of the Natal Museum: A review of C.H. Currans types, new synonyms, and new combinations
Authors: GRICHANOV IGOR YA. , MOSTOVSKI MIKE B.
Published: July 2019

C.H. Curran’s Dolichopodidae types in the collection of the Natal Museum are reviewed. Campsicnemoides Curran, 1927, is placed here in synonymy to Acropsilus Mik, 1878 (syn. nov.; male holotype of Campsicnemoides vorax Curran, 1927, has been examined in the collection of NMSA, redescribed and illustrated, and a new combination is here proposed, Acropsilus vorax (Curran, 1927), comb. nov.). The following recombinations are also proposed (comb. nov.): Trigonocera munroi (Curran, 1926c) [Diaphorus], Micromorphus aristalis (Curran, 1926a) [Sympycnus], Peloropeodes niger (Curran, 1926a) [Sympycnus]. The following synonyms are proposed in this paper (syn. nov.): Sympycnus discrepans Parent, 1934, S. rusticus Parent, 1935, and S. allotarsis Meuffels & Grootaert, 2007, are placed in synonymy to Sympycnus basilaris (Curran, 1924); Diaphorus inversus Curran, 1924, is placed in synonymy to Diaphorus dasycnemus Loew, 1858; Medetera longitarsis Curran, 1924, and M. afra Curran, 1927, are placed in synonymy with Medetera simplicis Curran, 1924.
Contribution to the knowledge of Acotylean Polyclads (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida) from Tunisian Coasts
Authors: GAMMOUDI MEHREZ , TEKAYA SAÏDA , NOREÑA CAROLINA
Published: July 2019

Although the order Polycladida has been known from the Mediterranean basin since the XVIII century, many species have been described insufficiently and in some cases have been erroneously identified. A revision of the taxon Polycladida has been undertaken with the aim to contribute to the knowledge of Mediterranean polyclads. This first contribution deals with four species found on Tunisian coasts: Echinoplana celerrima Haswell, 1907; Leptoplana tremellaris (O. F. Müller, 1774) Oersted, 1843; Theama mediterranea Curini-Galletti, Campus & Delogu, 2008 and Imogine mediterranea (Galleni, 1976) Jennings & Newman 1996. Characters and diagnoses of the genus and species have been revised. Known and new internal and external morphological features have been added. Additionally, information about reproduction, distribution and habitat is provided.
Two new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Prostigmata: Podapolipidae) parasitizing Syntomus lateralis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran
Authors: HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , MORTAZAVI ABDOLAZIM , KHAUSTOV ALEXANDR
Published: July 2019

Two new species of the genus Eutarsopolipus Berlese (Acari: Heterostigmata: Podapolipidae), Eutarsopolipus gombrooni Hajiqanbar and Mortazavi sp. nov. and E. oconnori Hajiqanbar and Mortazavi sp. nov., are described from different localities in Iran. Both belong to the myzus species group and were found beneath the elytra of Syntomus lateralis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The carabid genus Syntomus is a new host record for mites of the genus Eutarsopolipus.
New Notophthiracarus species (Acarina, Oribatida, Phthiracaridae) and overview of the distribution of the genus in South Africa
Authors: NIEDBAŁA WOJCIECH , HUGO-COETZEE ELIZABETH A. , ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: July 2019

Notophthiracarus (Oribatida, Phthiracaridae) is a large genus of ptyctimous oribatid mites with species in Australasian, Ethiopian, Neotropical, Oriental and Subantarctic regions, mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. Herein, we describe two new species from the Western Cape of South Africa: Notophthiracarus sidorchukae Niedbała sp. nov. and Notophthiracarus spathulatus Niedbała sp. nov. Each is represented by adult specimens collected from soil in a coastal forest in the Kaaimansgat estuary, the only documented locality. These two bring the known South African fauna of Notophthiracarus to 31 species, all of which are either indigenous or endemic. A review of distributional data shows that within South Africa most species have been recorded from southern, eastern and northeastern parts, and are most prevalent near the coast, where woody vegetation dominates.
The intertidal genus Indopacifica (Acari, Oribatida, Selenoribatidae): new species, juvenile morphology and distribution
Authors: RESCH BETTINA , BAUMANN JULIA , PFINGSTL TOBIAS
Published: July 2019

Two new intertidal oribatid mite species from the Indo-pacific region are described. Indopacifica iohanna sp. n. was found on the coasts of the Philippines and can be distinguished from its congeners by the lack of a ventral tooth on the claws. The larva and nymphs of this species show the same type of plication and setation typical for juveniles of other selenoribatid mites. Indopacifica mauritiana sp. n. was discovered on the coast of Mauritius and can be separated from its congeners by possessing only vestigial lamellar setae. A morphometric comparison of these two species and Indopacifica pantai from Thailand and Malaysia showed a clear separation between the three species. The known distribution of the genus Indopacifica stretches now from Mauritius in the West to the Philippines in the East and further occurrences within this area should be expected.
A new species and two newly recorded species of the subgenus Pergalumna (Pergalumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) from China
Authors: ZHENG QIANFEN , LIANG WENQIN , REN GUORU , YANG MAOFA
Published: July 2019

A new species, Pergalumna (Pergalumna) sidorchukae sp. nov., and two newly recorded species, Pergalumna (Pergalumna) jongkyui and Pergalumna (Pergalumna) amorpha, of oribatid mites of the subgenus Pergalumna (Pergalumna) from China, are described and illustrated in this study. The new species is similar to Pergalumna (Pergalumna) yurtaevi, but it differs from the latter by the surface of notogaster, the shape and size of notogastral porose areas, and the absence of postanal porose area.
New species and new records of the subgenus Galumnella (Galumnella) (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnellidae) from China
Authors: LIANG WENQIN , YANG MAOFA , REN GUORU , ZHENG QIANFEN
Published: July 2019

Two new species of oribatid mites of the subgenus Galumnella (Galumnella) (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnellidae) are described from soil and litter of forest zones of China. Galumnella (G.) nonporosa sp. nov. differs from Galumnella (G.) nipponica by the falciform bothridial setae and obvious reticulate pattern in the anogenital region. Galumnella (G.) sidorchukae sp. nov. differs from Galumnella (G.) cellularis by the laciniate bothridial setae and by the absence of postanal porose area. Morphological additions to the description of Galumnella (G.) parageographica are presented based on Chinese specimens, which is recorded in China for the first time.