bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os impactos biopsicossociais sofridos pela população infantil durante a pandemia do COVID-19
Authors: Almeida Isadora Maria Gomes , Silva Júnior Auvani Antunes da
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: discutir sobre o impacto biopsicossocial causado nas crianças devido às medidas de distanciamento e o isolamento social, impostas com o intuito de diminuir a transmissão do novo coronavírus, já relatados na literatura. Metodologia:  realizou-se consultas nos bancos de dados da SCIELO, MEDLINE e PUBMED, utilizando os descritores  “children”, “social isolation”, “psychosocial” e “covid-19”, com publicações no período de 2019 a 2020. Ao final das buscas, 15 publicações foram selecionadas para compor o estudo. Resultados e Discussão: Observou-se que durante o período de isolamento e distanciamento sociais, as crianças e os adolescentes ficaram mais propensos a desenvolver estresse crônico e agudo, ansiedade, depressão, distúrbios do sono e do apetite, irritabilidade, medo, insegurança e prejuízo nas interações sociais. Os grupos infantis mais vulneráveis, como os jovens que apresentam TEA e TDAH, também sofreram com as mudanças provocadas pela pandemia, apresentando alterações comportamentais. Conclusão: A população infantil está sujeita a sofrer implicações biopsicossociais com as medidas de isolamento social, sendo importante a criação de medidas que visem auxiliar a saúde mental das crianças e dos adolescentes nesse período conturbado.
Microrganismos multifuncionais: utilização na agricultura
Authors: Rezende Cássia Cristina , Silva Mariana Aguiar , Frasca Laylla Luanna de Mello , Faria Denner Robert , Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de , Lanna Anna Cristina , Nascente Adriano Stephan
Published: March 2021

Microrganismos multifuncionais são microrganismos benéficos que apresentam mecanismos diretos e indiretos de promoção de crescimento vegetal e apresentam um papel importante como uma tecnologia alternativa rumo á escala para uma agricultura sustentável. O aumento da demanda pela produção agrícola com uma redução significativa do uso de fertilizantes e pesticidas sintéticos é um grande desafio na atualidade. O estudo desses microrganismos vem merecendo destaque nos últimos anos em razão da grande demanda por tecnologias sustentáveis, podendo reduzir os custos de produção, aumentando a produtividade e a rentabilidade do agronegócio. A aplicação de microrganismos multifuncionais através de mecanismos diretos e indiretos tem mostrado que é possível tornar as práticas de manejo das culturas ambientalmente mais sustentáveis. Os mecanismos dos microrganismos multifuncionais incluem a regulação do equilíbrio hormonal, solubilização de nutrientes na solução do solo e indução de resistência contra patógenos. O objetivo do trabalho foi trazer informações referentes aos microrganismos multifuncionais priorizando os aspectos gerais, as características dos microrganismos (rizobactérias e fungos) promotores do crescimento vegetal e seus principais mecanismos de ação. Em resumo, conclui-se que os microrganismos multifuncionais possuem diversas características favoráveis para serem utilizados como promotores de crescimento das plantas, na agricultura sustentável.
Neoplasia maligna de esôfago: uma análise epidemiológica dos casos notificados no Brasil entre 2015 e 2019
Authors: Facco Lucas , Almendro Lucas Pablo , Marques Cristiane Peres , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Oliveira Euzébio de , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Dendasck Carla Viana , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Fecury Amanda Alves
Published: March 2021

A Neoplasia de Esôfago é uma das mais comuns em todo o mundo, sendo classificada na oitava posição, além de representar a sexta fatalidade por câncer, tendo em vista da agressividade do processo patológico, da dificuldade diagnóstica, culminando em sua característica tardia e, por fim, em mal prognóstico devido à associação de tais fatores. Este trabalho analisa epidemiologicamente os casos notificados de neoplasia maligna de esôfago no Brasil entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. A pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa foi realizada no banco de dados DATASUS (Pessoas de etnia branca, gênero masculino, presença de Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico (DRGE), tabagismo e faixa etária acima de 50 anos são alguns fatores de risco para o surgimento de neoplasias esofágicas. O diagnóstico, por vezes, acontece tardiamente, sendo que testes de triagem possuem riscos aumentados, como perfurações esofágicas, sangramentos e outros, como eventos cardiopulmonares. O aumento da expectativa de vida da população brasileira também é um ponto a se considerar na ampla quantidade de casos. A maior incidência de neoplasia maligna no esôfago ocorreu na região Sudeste, porém, um interessante fator cultural, presente na região Sul (Brasil, deve ser considerado), sendo esse o alto consumo de erva mate na forma de chimarrão.
Avaliação do “Acesso de Primeiro Contato” para crianças por meio do PCATool- Brasil
Authors: Balk Rodrigo , Souza Michele Bulhosa de , Nery Maria Eduarda Perroni
Published: March 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do acesso de primeiro contato na consulta de puericultura em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) a partir da perspectiva de cuidadores de crianças, utilizando PCATool como instrumento. Estudo descritivo e transversal, de abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido em ESF de um município da Fronteira-Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Participaram 34 cuidadores, responsáveis de crianças com idade entre 0 e 5 anos, as quais realizam puericultura na ESF e frequentam a unidade regularmente. A maioria eram mães ou avós (97%), casadas (70,6%), com um filho (32,4%) e com casa própria (82,4%). Políticas estimulam os serviços para que promovam as consultas de puericultura atingindo todas as crianças de sua população. A fragilidade no acesso da população à consulta de puericultura pode ser percebida em outros estudos que trazem a dificuldade de locomoção e na marcação de dia e horário para consulta como principais motivos da baixa adesão. O acesso dos indivíduos referente ao atendimento, tempo para conseguir consulta e dificuldade para conseguir atendimento médico obtiveram, em sua grande maioria, respostas satisfatórias. O tempo de espera e aconselhamento pelo telefone obtiveram resultados menores do que os esperados, levantando a hipótese de serem motivos dos quais as famílias possam optar por não dar continuidade ao acompanhamento. Verificou-se necessidade de aprimoramento da equipe na acessibilidade dos usuários à consulta de puericultura, partindo de novos estudos referentes às principais barreiras relacionadas e ações a serem instituídas para ampliar o acesso da população no acompanhamento da criança.
Sentença judicial proferida por força de prevaricação, concussão e corrupção do juiz: nulidade ou inexistência do ato jurídico?
Authors: Medina José Miguel Garcia , Novak Mariana Sartori , Lima Diogo de Araujo
Published: March 2021

O presente estudo visa analisar a hipótese de cabimento do meio autônomo de impugnação conhecido como ação rescisória, quando configurada a hipótese do art. 966, I, do Código de Processo Civil, que trata da decisão proferida por força de prevaricação, concussão ou corrupção do juiz. O objetivo é investigar, sob uma ótica da escada ponteana dos planos do ato jurídico, se o defeito da decisão prolatada nessas circunstâncias fulmina a validade ou a própria existência do ato jurídico, alcançando-se, em desfecho, o entendimento pela segunda hipótese. Analisam-se os efeitos processuais decorrentes da referida constatação, mormente quanto ao instrumento cabível para impugnação. Utiliza-se, para tanto, o método dedutivo, onde se parte da possibilidade geral, contemplada no retromencionado dispositivo, para análise específica sob o prisma dos planos do ato jurídico. Tem objetivo metodológico em seu viés propositivo. O trabalho pautar-se-á em pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do texto legal, de jurisprudência e de artigos acadêmicos.
Tratamentos utilizados para o controle dos sinais e sintomas na rosácea
Authors: Malachoski Karla Glazielle Gonçalves dos Santos , Ribas João Luiz Coelho
Published: March 2021

A rosácea é uma patologia inflamatória crônica, que atua de forma progressiva, ou seja, o quadro clínico tende a se agravar com o passar do tempo e com ausência do devido controle terapêutico. Pode ser considerada uma síndrome. Sua etiopatogenia tem como base questões multifatoriais, sendo desencadeada por diversos mecanismos. A rosácea ainda não possui um tratamento curativo e as terapias disponíveis, como antibióticos, corticoides e alguns procedimentos alternativos, atuam no controle dos sinais e sintomas, melhorando as manifestações clínicas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, os tratamentos existentes para os sinais e sintomas da rosácea, bem como os possíveis prejuízos que alguns tratamentos podem causar ao organismo dos indivíduos por ela acometidos. Para fundamentar o presente artigo, foram selecionados 39 artigos, datados de 2004 a 2019 nas bases de dados Surgical and Cosmetic Dermatology, Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo e Google acadêmico. Observou-se que os tratamentos mais tradicionais, como o uso de antibióticos, corticoides e vasoconstritor, podem causar danos ao organismo de forma sistêmica, a exemplo de lesões hepáticas, eventos no trato gastrointestinal e agravamento no quadro de insuficiência vascular. Desta forma os tratamentos alternativos, entre os quais a aplicação toxina botulínica do tipo A possuem um futuro promissor, pois promovem uma resposta satisfatória e com índice de efeitos colaterais muito baixos em comparação aos tratamentos já utilizados.
Subvertendo as fronteiras de gênero: gênero não binários
Authors: Ruiz Melissa Salinas
Published: March 2021

A sociedade ocidental contemporânea é generificada, isto é, estruturada com base na crença de que existem dois gêneros – masculino e feminino – que são mutuamente excludentes. Essa percepção binária é amparada por dispositivos sociais que direcionam indivíduos à cisgeneridade desde o momento do nascimento, segregando os gêneros divergentes às margens. Não-binário é um termo guarda-chuva que abarca identidades de gênero que incorporam, em distintos graus, aspectos dos gêneros masculino e feminino. A despeito do rigor do cistema, pessoas não binárias subvertem, inclusive, a linguagem, evidenciando a possibilidade de existir fora do binarismo. Esta proposta se justifica na necessidade de ampliar o debate sobre identidades não binárias e tem por objetivo geral discutir as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas não binárias na sociedade cisnormativa. Para tanto, adota a pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica e discorre sobre o sistema binário de gênero, cisnormatividade e sua transgressão. Em seguida, disserta acerca de algumas expressões de gênero contidas no termo guarda-chuva não binário. Por fim, expõe as principais dificuldades encontradas por pessoas não binárias.
Rapid maxillary expansion as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children and adolescents: an evaluation by polysomnography and quality of life
Authors: Capalbo Letícia Cabrera , Dal-Fabbro Renan , Donine Ana Laura Modesto de Albuquerque , Saraiva Juliana Sobreira , Bigliazzi Renato , Weber Silke Anna Theresa , Bertoz André Pinheiro Magalhães
Published: March 2021

Sleep-related breathing disorders range from snoring to more serious disorders, such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). It affects the quality of life of children and are related to mouth breathing, one of the main causes of malocclusion. The aim of this research was to evaluate the polysomnography respiratory data and quality of life in patients diagnosticated with OSAS before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Children aged 7 to 11 were included, all of them presented respiratory complaints of snoring with or without associated respiratory pauses. Children with genetic and craniofacial syndromes, neuropaths, children with grade 4 tonsils or signs of OSAS severity with cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension or pulmonale were excluded. All children underwent occlusal examination and type 3-night polysomnography, in addition to filling out the OSA 18 quality of life questionnaires and the Sleep Disorders Scale in Children. The data were compared before (T0) and after (T1) RME procedure. For parametric values, paired t test was used, and for the non-parametric ones, the Wilcoxon test was applied. There was a significant variation in AHI from T0 = 6.89 to   T1 = 5.34, as well as a significant reduction in OSA 18 scores in 46.2% of cases. RME was effective for the treatment of OSAS considering polysomnography results and also improved quality of life in children.
Apresentação atípica envolvendo o trato gastrointestinal da doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19): relato de caso
Authors: Barboza Danielle Laís Lopes , Mouta Alba Angélica Nunes , Santos Ramodnil de Moura , Alves Maria Rafaela Lobato , Cavalcante Igor dos Santos , Oliveira Bianca de Amorim Cavalcanti de , Fernandes Lívia Nazaré Soares Silva , Alves Junior Luiz Sabino
Published: March 2021

A doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) é caracterizada por uma ampla gama de sintomas e de apresentações clínicas. Os sintomas mais frequentes são febre, cefaléia, tosse seca, anosmia, ageusia; também pode afetar o trato gastrointestinal, sendo os principais sintomas relacionados a esse sistema: diarréia, dor abdominal, náusea e vômito. Os sintomas gastrointestinais são causados pela exacerbação do sistema imune, e não por lesão direta do vírus no tecido. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, observacional, retrospectivo em forma de  relato  de  caso  que  busca apresentar uma manifestação atípica de COVID-19 em uma paciente jovem do gênero feminino, residente do município de Parnaíba-PI. As informações e condutas adotadas no presente relato de caso apresentado foram extraídas dos dados provenientes do prontuário da paciente e das demais documentações de exames complementares, tanto os laboratoriais como os exames de imagem. Tendo em consideração a grande quantidade de sintomas ainda desconhecidos e que são oriundos da COVID-19, o conhecimento das bases patológicas da doença são de grande importância para conseguir conduzir melhor o atendimento e garantir um tratamento mais rápido, principalmente diante de casos mais graves.
A importância do fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico na saúde da mulher
Authors: Nagamine Bruna Pereira , Dantas Rildo da Silva , Silva Karla Camila Correia da
Published: March 2021

A fisioterapia na saúde da mulher vem ganhando destaque na prevenção e no tratamento da diminuição da força do assoalho pélvico, que com o enfraquecimento da musculatura do assolho pélvico a mulher pode desenvolver disfunções sexuais, incontinências, prolapso genital e flacidez vaginal. O objetivo do presente artigo é demostrar a importância do fortalecimento da musculatura do assolho pélvico para prevenir disfunções causadas pelo enfraquecimento da musculatura do assoalho. O estudo é uma revisão de literatura de caráter descritivo e quantitativo, pesquisado em bases de dados como Cochrane Library, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e livros com descritores, “Disfunções sexuais”, “Assoalho Pélvico”, “Gravidez”. No decorrer da vida as mulheres passam por fases e períodos específicos que são determinados por mudanças físicas, hormonais e psicológicas, e o enfraquecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico é consequência dessas mudanças, podendo levar a mulher a desenvolver: disfunções sexuais, incontinências tanto urinaria quanto fecal, prolapso genital, insatisfação sexual e alterações nas respostas sexuais. Percebe-se que o  fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, atua tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento dessas disfunções e tem como objetivo melhorar a força muscular do assoalho prevenindo disfunções e alterações e através do fortalecimento dessa musculatura, se tem a melhora da força muscular, ganho de mobilidade pélvica e aumento da sensibilidade clitoriana e perineal e aumento do fluxo sanguíneo melhorando as fases da resposta sexual, da lubrificação, da excitação, do desejo e do orgasmo,  reduzindo as tensões musculares, favorecendo o relaxamento da musculatura, gerando consciência corporal e qualidade sexual.
Uma revisão sobre o acolhimento na atenção à saúde de adolescentes
Authors: Melo Laila Felix de , Santos Pedro Augusto Pereira dos , Amaral João Henrique Lara do , Rocha Najara Barbosa da
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre acolhimento e atenção à saúde de adolescentes. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, com uma busca sistematizada.  As bases de dados consultadas foram Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Pubmed e os critérios de inclusão: estudos sobre o tema; trabalhos completos e disponíveis; idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol; trabalhos publicados à partir de 2004; todos tipos de estudo, exceto revisão. O conteúdo dos trabalhos foi lido em profundidade e definidas as categorias de análise.  Resultados: A busca pelos descritores resultou em 713 estudos, que após a leitura do título, foram reduzidos a 49. Após leitura dos resumos foram selecionados 15 trabalhos para leitura completa. Destes, 9 se encaixaram aos critérios do estudo. Foi encontrada uma baixa procura dos adolescentes pelos serviços de saúde. Foram identificadas condições nos serviços de saúde que interferem na atenção à saúde dos adolescentes. Essas condições foram classificadas como dimensão macro, meso e micro. A dimensão macro se refere a condições do modelo de atenção. A dimensão meso abrange as condições estruturais da atenção ao adolescente e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde. Já a dimensão micro diz respeito às relações interpessoais entre adolescentes e profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o atendimento à saúde do adolescente exige iniciativas que respondam suas especificidades e, que o acolhimento é fundamental para aproximar o adolescente desse cuidado, pois humaniza, cria vínculo, respeito pela individualidade e autonomia.
Análise da superfície foliar e agrupamento de 10 espécies arbóreas: uma ferramenta na identificação de espécies Amazônicas
Authors: Reis Alisson Rodrigo Souza , Silva Kerciane Pedro da , Chagas Dihego Rosa das
Published: March 2021

Objetivou-se descrever e sistematizar a epiderme foliar de 10 espécies florestais amazônicas, com ferramentas auxiliar a taxonomia, contribuindo com o conhecimento técnico-científico. Para isso realizou-se técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal, para observação, além da largura, comprimento e frequência dos estômatos e submetidos a estatística, aplicando: o teste de Tukey, ANOVA, Análise de agrupamento e Análise de Componentes Principais. Observou-se que a epiderme adaxial e abaxial as células são heterodimencionais, com forma e tamanho variados, arredondadas e sinuosas, em todas as espécies os estômatos são anomocíticos e somente a Spondias mombin é anfiestomatica, as espécies Dipteryx odorata e Virola surinamensis podem ser facilmente identificadas devido sua ornamentação da célula guarda, as espécies Alexa grandiflora e Lecythis lurida apresentam estruturas semelhantes dificultando a identificação. Os tricomas apresentaram formas variadas, sendo estes o melhor parâmetro para identificação e distinção. As Fabaceae são as que possuem maior diversidade de estrutura dificultando o agrupamento, a frequência estomática pode ser utilizada com sucesso para agrupamento das espécies estudadas.
The effect of ketamine and saffan on the b-endorphin and ACTH response to hemorrhage in the minipig
Authors: Ruane-O’Hora T , Hall WJ , Markos F
Published: March 2021

The endocrine response is an important component of the
physiological response to blood loss. There is some variability in
reported levels of certain hormones during hemorrhage such as
the stress hormone adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH).
Therefore, the effect of two anesthetic agents, ketamine and
saffan, on ACTH and β-endorphin levels during hemorrhage was
assessed in 12 minipigs. The animals were divided into two
groups, group I saffan and group II ketamine (n=6). Pigs were
subjected to a continuous fixed volume hemorrhage under one of
the above anesthetics while spontaneously breathing. Blood
pressure and heart rate responses were recorded together with
β-endorphin and ACTH levels both before and at 10, 20, 30, 40
min after the onset of bleeding. ACTH levels were higher in the
ketamine-anesthetized pigs and rose significantly faster with
falling blood pressure than ACTH measured in pigs under saffan
anesthesia. In contrast, the hemorrhage induced β-endorphin
increase was not significantly different between the two
anesthetic groups. These results indicate that choice of
anesthetic agent is important when investigating the hormone
response to hemorrhage and may account for the variable
hormone levels in the published literature to date.
Extracellular hypotonicity induces disturbance of sodium currents in rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: Hu L , Ma J , Zhang P , Zheng J
Published: March 2021

Hypotonic solution alters ion channel activity, but little attention
has been paid to voltage-dependent sodium channels. The aim of
this study was to investigate the effects of hypotonic solution on
transient sodium currents (INaT) and persistent sodium currents
(INaP). We also explored whether the intracellular signal
transduction systems participated in the hypotonic modifications
of sodium currents. INaT and INaP were recorded by means of
whole-cell patch-clamp technique in isolated rat ventricular
myocytes. Our results revealed that hypotonic solution reduced
INaT and simultaneously augmented INaP with the occurrence of
interconversion between INaT and INaP. Hypotonic solution shifted
steady-state inactivation to a more negative potential, prolonged
the time of recovery from inactivation, and enhanced
intermediate inactivation (IIM). Ruthenium red (RR, inhibitor of
TRPV4), bisindolylmaleimide VI (BIM, inhibitor of PKC), Kn-93
(inhibitor of Ca/CaMKII) and BAPTA (Ca2+-chelator) inhibited the
effects of hypotonic solution on INaT and INaP. Therefore we
conclude that hypotonic solution inhibits INaT, enhances INaP and
IIM with the effects being reversible. TRPV4 and intracellular Ca2+,
PKC and Ca/CaMKII participate in the hypotonic modifications of
sodium currents.
Non-quantal acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Vyskočil F , Malomouzh AI , Nikolsky EE
Published: March 2021

There are two principal mechanisms of acetylcholine (ACh)
release from the resting motor nerve terminal: quantal and nonquantal (NQR); the former being only a small fraction of the total, at least at rest. In the present article we summarize basic research about the NQR that is undoubtedly an important trophic
factor during endplate development and in adult neuromuscular
contacts. NQR helps to eliminate the polyneural innervation of
developing muscle fibers, ensures higher excitability of the adult
subsynaptic membrane by surplus polarization and protects the
RMP from depolarization by regulating the NO cascade and
chloride transport. It shortens the endplate potentials by
promoting postsynaptic receptor desensitization when AChE is
inhibited during anti-AChE poisoning. In adult synapses, it can
also activate the electrogenic Na+/K+-pump, change the degree
of synchronization of quanta released by the nerve stimulation
and affects the contractility of skeletal muscles.
Impact of Prenatal Hypoxia on the Development and Behavior of the Rat Offspring
Authors: PIEŠOVÁ M , KOPRDOVÁ R , UJHÁZY E , KRŠKOVÁ L , OLEXOVÁ L , MOROVÁ M , SENKO T , MACH M
Published: March 2021

The healthy development of the fetus depends on the exact course of pregnancy and delivery. Therefore, prenatal hypoxia remains between the greatest threats to the developing fetus. Our study aimed to assess the impact of prenatal hypoxia on postnatal development and behavior of the rats, whose mothers were exposed to hypoxia (10.5 % O2) during a critical period of brain development on GD20 for 12 h. This prenatal insult resulted in a delay of sensorimotor development of hypoxic pups compared to the control group. Hypoxic pups also had lowered postnatal weight which in males persisted up to adulthood. In adulthood, hypoxic males showed anxiety-like behavior in the OF, higher sucrose preference, and lower levels of grimace scale (reflecting the degree of negative emotions) in the immobilization chamber compared to the control group. Moreover, hypoxic animals showed hyperactivity in EPM and LD tests, and hypoxic females had reduced sociability compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results indicate a possible relationship between prenatal hypoxia and changes in sociability, activity, and impaired emotion regulation in ADHD, ASD, or anxiety disorders. The fact that changes in observed parameters are manifested mostly in males confirms that male sex is more sensitive to prenatal insults.
The Effect of Electoral Inversions on Democratic Legitimacy: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Carey John , Helmke Gretchen , Nyhan Brendan , Sanders Mitchell , Stokes Susan , Yamaya Shun
Published: March 2021

When a party or candidate loses the popular vote but still wins the election, do voters view the winner as legitimate? This scenario, known as an electoral inversion, can give power to candidates or parties in democratic systems who lose the popular vote, including the winners of two of the last six presidential elections in the United States. We report results from two experiments testing the effect of inversions on democratic legitimacy in the U.S. context. Our results indicate that inversions significantly decrease the perceived legitimacy of winning candidates. Strikingly, this effect does not vary with the margin by which the winner loses the popular vote nor by whether they are a co-partisan. The effect is driven by Democrats, who punish inversions regardless of candidate partisanship; few effects are observed among Republicans. These results suggest that inversions may increase sensitivity to such outcomes among supporters of the losing party.
FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA INFECCIÓN DEL TRACTO URINARIO ASOCIADO A CATÉTER VESICAL
Authors: Proaño Larrea Carlos Aarón
Published: March 2021

Las infecciones asociadas al uso de catéter vesical constituyen una de las primeras causas de infección del tracto urinario; la prevención de las mismas, mediante la identificación de los factores de riesgo constituye uno de los elementos fundamentales de la vigilancia epidemiológica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los factores de riesgo de infección del tracto urinario en pacientes sometidos a cateterismo vesical. Para esto se realizó una investigación básica, descriptiva y explicativa. El universo estuvo constituido por 257 pacientes que utilizaron catéter vesical, por distintas causas. La muestra quedó conformada por un total de 177 personas. Los principales resultados incluyen promedio de edad de 53,48 años, predominio de pacientes femeninas (68,36%) y con comorbilidades asociadas (58,19%). La incidencia de infección del tracto urinario en pacientes con cateterismo vesical fue de 37,29%. Existió predominio de pacientes masculinos con infección de vías urinarias (65,52%), la cual se presentó mayoritariamente en los pacientes con comorbilidades (52,42%), diabéticos (80,0%), con lupus eritematoso sistémico (80,0%) y artritis reumatoide (66,67%). El 85,71% de los pacientes con infección usaron catéter vesical por más de 10 días y solo en el 12,24% de los que recibieron tratamiento antibiótico profiláctico desarrollaron la enfermedad. Se concluye que el sexo masculino, la presencia de comorbilidades, el uso de catéter vesical por más de 10 días y la no utilización de antibióticos de forma profiláctica fueron los factores de riesgo identificados para el desarrollo de infección de vías urinarias.
Predator Environment Does Not Predict Life History in the Morphologically Constrained Fish Alfaro cultratus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)
Authors: Golden Kaitlyn B. , Belk Mark C. , Johnson Jerald B.
Published: March 2021

Predation is known to have a significant effect on life history diversification in a variety of species. However, physical constraints of body shape and size can sometimes limit life history divergence. We test this idea in the Costa Rican livebearing fishAlfaro cultratus. Individuals in this species have a narrow body and keeled ventral surface, and females do not develop a distended abdomen when pregnant like other livebearing fishes. Here, we describe the life history ofA. cultratusfrom 20 different populations across both high-predation and low-predation environments. We found significantly lower reproductive allotment in females from high-predation environments than in females from low-predation environments, but no significant difference in female or male size at maturity, number of offspring produced by females, or size of offspring. We found thatA. cultratusexhibit isometric patterns of allocation for clutch dry mass in relation to female dry mass in high-predation and low-predation environments. Our results suggest that body shape constraints in this species limit the life history divergence we typically see between populations from high-predation and low-predation environments in other species.
A New Method for Optimizing Sepsis Therapy by Nivolumab and Meropenem Combination: Importance of Early Intervention and CTL Reinvigoration Rate as a Response Marker
Authors: Gillis Avi , Ben Yaacov Anat , Agur Zvia
Published: March 2021

Background:Recently, there has been a growing interest in applying immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), so far used to treat cancer, to patients with bacterial sepsis. We aimed to develop a method for predicting the personal benefit of potential treatments for sepsis, and to apply it to therapy by meropenem, an antibiotic drug, and nivolumab, a programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway inhibitor.

Methods:We defined an optimization problem as a concise framework of treatment aims and formulated a fitness function for grading sepsis treatments according to their success in accomplishing the pre-defined aims. We developed a mathematical model for the interactions between the pathogen, the cellular immune system and the drugs, whose simulations under diverse combined meropenem and nivolumab schedules, and calculation of the fitness function for each schedule served to plot the fitness landscapes for each set of treatments and personal patient parameters.

Results:Results show that treatment by meropenem and nivolumab has maximum benefit if the interval between the onset of the two drugs does not exceed a dose-dependent threshold, beyond which the benefit drops sharply. However, a second nivolumab application, within 7–10 days after the first, can extinguish a pathogen which the first nivolumab application failed to remove. The utility of increasing nivolumab total dose above 6 mg/kg is contingent on the patient's personal immune attributes, notably, the reinvigoration rate of exhausted CTLs and the overall suppression rates of functional CTLs. A baseline pathogen load, higher than 5,000 CFU/μL, precludes successful nivolumab and meropenem combination therapy, whereas when the initial load is lower than 3,000 CFU/μL, meropenem monotherapy suffices for removing the pathogen.

Discussion:Our study shows that early administration of nivolumab, 6 mg/kg, in combination with antibiotics, can alleviate bacterial sepsis in cases where antibiotics alone are insufficient and the initial pathogen load is not too high. The study pinpoints the role of precision medicine in sepsis, suggesting that personalized therapy by ICBs can improve pathogen elimination and dampen immunosuppression. Our results highlight the importance in using reliable markers for classifying patients according to their predicted response and provides a valuable tool in personalizing the drug regimens for patients with sepsis.
Interleukin-18 in Inflammatory Kidney Disease
Authors: Hirooka Yasuaki , Nozaki Yuji
Published: March 2021

Interleukin (IL)-18, a member of the IL-1 superfamily, is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is structurally similar to IL-1β. IL-18 promotes the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and strongly induces a Th1 response. IL-18 drives the same myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway as IL-1β. In physiological conditions, IL-18 is regulated by the endogenous inhibitor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), and the activity of IL-18 is balanced. It is reported that in several inflammatory diseases, the IL-18 activity is unbalanced, and IL-18 neutralization by IL-18BP is insufficient. IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-12 to induce the production of IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine, and IL-18 acts alone to induce the production of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13. In addition, IL-18 alone enhances natural killer (NK) cell activity and FAS ligand expression. The biological and pathological roles of IL-18 have been studied in many diseases. Here we review the knowledge regarding IL-18 signaling and the role of IL-18 in inflammatory kidney diseases. Findings on renal injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its association with IL-18 will also be presented.
Contributions of Age-Related and Audibility-Related Deficits to Aided Consonant Identification in Presbycusis: A Causal-Inference Analysis
Authors: Varnet Léo , Léger Agnès C. , Boucher Sophie , Bonnet Crystel , Petit Christine , Lorenzi Christian
Published: March 2021

The decline of speech intelligibility in presbycusis can be regarded as resulting from the combined contribution of two main groups of factors: (1) audibility-related factors and (2) age-related factors. In particular, there is now an abundant scientific literature on the crucial role of suprathreshold auditory abilities and cognitive functions, which have been found to decline with age even in the absence of audiometric hearing loss. However, researchers investigating the direct effect of aging in presbycusis have to deal with the methodological issue that age and peripheral hearing loss covary to a large extent. In the present study, we analyzed a dataset of consonant-identification scores measured in quiet and in noise for a large cohort (n = 459, age = 42–92) of hearing-impaired (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) listeners. HI listeners were provided with a frequency-dependent amplification adjusted to their audiometric profile. Their scores in the two conditions were predicted from their pure-tone average (PTA) and age, as well as from their Extended Speech Intelligibility Index (ESII), a measure of the impact of audibility loss on speech intelligibility. We relied on a causal-inference approach combined with Bayesian modeling to disentangle the direct causal effects of age and audibility on intelligibility from the indirect effect of age on hearing loss. The analysis revealed that the direct effect of PTA on HI intelligibility scores was 5 times higher than the effect of age. This overwhelming effect of PTA was not due to a residual audibility loss despite amplification, as confirmed by a ESII-based model. More plausibly, the marginal role of age could be a consequence of the relatively little cognitively-demanding task used in this study. Furthermore, the amount of variance in intelligibility scores was smaller for NH than HI listeners, even after accounting for age and audibility, reflecting the presence of additional suprathreshold deficits in the latter group. Although the non-sense-syllable materials and the particular amplification settings used in this study potentially restrict the generalization of the findings, we think that these promising results call for a wider use of causal-inference analysis in audiology, e.g., as a way to disentangle the influence of the various cognitive factors and suprathreshold deficits associated to presbycusis.
Exosomal MicroRNAs Contribute to Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Patients by Decreasing Frontal Cerebrovascular Reactivity
Authors: Ma Junyi , Cao Xiang , Chen Fangyu , Ye Qing , Qin Ruomeng , Cheng Yue , Zhu Xiaolei , Xu Yun
Published: March 2021

Mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment (CI) in hypertensive patients remain relatively unclear. The present study aimed to explore the relationship among serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and cognitive function in hypertensive patients. Seventy-three hypertensive patients with CI (HT-CI), 67 hypertensive patients with normal cognition (HT-NC), and 37 healthy controls underwent identification of exosomal miRNA, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and neuropsychological tests. CVR mapping was investigated based on resting-state functional MRI data. Compared with healthy subjects and HT-NC subjects, HT-CI subjects displayed decreased serum exosomal miRNA-330-3p. The group difference of CVR was mainly found in the left frontal lobe and demonstrated that HT-CI group had a lower CVR than both HT-NC group and control group. Furthermore, both the CVR in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and the miRNA-330-3p level were significantly correlated with executive function (r = −0.275, P = 0.021, and r = −0.246, P = 0.04, respectively) in HT-CI subjects, and the CVR was significantly correlated with the miRNA-330-3p level (r = 0.246, P = 0.040). Notably, path analysis showed that the CVR mediated the association between miRNA-330-3p and executive function. In conclusion, decreased miRNA-330-3p might contribute to CI in hypertensive patients by decreasing frontal CVR and could be a biomarker of early diagnosis.
TFEB Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression via Regulating ABCA2-Dependent Lysosomal Biogenesis
Authors: Zhu Xuejin , Zhuo Yangjia , Wu Shulin , Chen Yanfei , Ye Jianheng , Deng Yulin , Feng Yuanfa , Liu Ren , Cai Shanghua , Zou Zhihao , Wang Bin , Wu Chin-Lee , Zeng Guohua , Zhong Weide
Published: March 2021

Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the MiT family, is dysregulated in different cancers and exerts specific biological functions within the tumor microenvironment. Downregulation of TFEB induces macrophage polarization in the TME and promotes tumor progression. However, the biological role and clinical significance of TFEB in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the role of TFEB in PCa and its potential clinical value. We explored TFEB expression in PCa using public databases and verified its prognostic value using immunohistochemistry in PCa tissue samples. The results revealed that TFEB expression was up-regulated in PCa tissues and was associated with cancer metastasis. Next, overexpression of TFEB promoted PCa cell malignant behavior in in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed high expression of TFEB promoted lysosomal biogenesis and knockdown of TFEB expression decreased the number of lysosomes. Furthermore, the ATP-binding cassette transporter A2 (ABCA2) was identified as a target gene of TFEB, which was verified using the cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) assay and qRT-PCR. Silencing of ABCA2 reduced lysosomal biogenesis and decreased matrix metalloproteinases expression, which reduced PCa cell invasion and migration in the tumor microenvironment. Our study suggests that TFEB promotes PCa progression by regulating ABCA2 through lysosomal biogenesis and may serve as a prognostic factor or as a potential therapeutic target of PCa.
Learning to Be Employable Through Volunteering: A Qualitative Study on the Development of Employability Capital of Young People
Authors: Giancaspro Maria Luisa , Manuti Amelia
Published: March 2021

Over the last decades, consistent research showed that voluntary work could be considered as a tool for professional development and concrete employment: volunteering could be either experienced as a desire to improve career opportunities or to acquire new skills. The study aimed to investigate voluntary work as a context of informal and non-formal workplace learning and vocational guidance, useful to develop skills and abilities, namely the capital of personal and social resources, that could promote future employability. Participants were 38 young volunteers who experienced the Universal Civil Service, a national Italian program addressed to young people aged up to 28 years, giving them both the opportunity to engage in social activities useful for the community and have the first contact with a working context. In line with the objectives of the study, participants were invited to describe their volunteering experience in a diary, highlighting if and to what extent this context contributed to enhancing their employability capital, namely the asset of skills, knowledge, and networks acquired, that they could transfer to a future professional domain. The narrative data collected were examined through diatextual analysis, a specific address of discourse analysis designed to catch the relationship between enunciators, text, and context of the talk. This qualitative analysis allowed us to investigate the meanings young people attributed to these activities. In light of these results, the paper contributed to investigate volunteers’ perceptions about the conditions that could best foster this specific kind of workplace informal and non-formal learning and at proposing a qualitative perspective on the analysis of the employability capital they developed.
How Cooperative Engagement Programs Strengthen Sequencing Capabilities for Biosurveillance and Outbreak Response
Authors: Bartlow Andrew W. , Middlebrook Earl A. , Romero Alicia T. , Fair Jeanne M.
Published: March 2021

The threat of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases continues to be a challenge to public and global health security. Cooperative biological engagement programs act to build partnerships and collaborations between scientists and health professionals to strengthen capabilities in biosurveillance. Biosurveillance is the systematic process of detecting, reporting, and responding to especially dangerous pathogens and pathogens of pandemic potential before they become outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. One important tool in biosurveillance is next generation sequencing. Expensive sequencing machines, reagents, and supplies make it difficult for countries to adopt this technology. Cooperative engagement programs help by providing funding for technical assistance to strengthen sequencing capabilities. Through workshops and training, countries are able to learn sequencing and bioinformatics, and implement these tools in their biosurveillance programs. Cooperative programs have an important role in building and sustaining collaborations among institutions and countries. One of the most important pieces in fostering these collaborations is trust. Trust provides the confidence that a successful collaboration will benefit all parties involved. With sequencing, this enables the sharing of pathogen samples and sequences. Obtaining global sequencing data helps to identify unknown etiological agents, track pathogen evolution and infer transmission networks throughout the duration of a pandemic. Having sequencing technology in place for biosurveillance generates the capacity to provide real-time data to understand and respond to pandemics. We highlight the need for these programs to continue to strengthen sequencing in biosurveillance. By working together to strengthen sequencing capabilities, trust can be formed, benefitting global health in the face of biological threats.
De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Myllocerinus aurolineatus Voss in Tea Plants
Authors: Xie Xin , Jiang Junmei , Chen Meiqing , Huang Maoxi , Jin Linhong , Li Xiangyang
Published: March 2021

Myllocerinus aurolineatus Voss is a species of the insecta class in the arthropod. In this study, we first observed and identified M. aurolineatus Voss in tea plants in Guizhou, China, where it caused severe quantity and quality losses in tea plants. Knowledge on M. aurolineatus Voss genome is inadequate, especially for biological or functional research. We performed the first transcriptome sequencing by using the Illumina Hiseq™ technique on M. aurolineatus Voss. Over 55.9 million high-quality paired-end reads were generated and assembled into 69,439 unigenes using the Trinity short read software, resulting in a cluster of 1,207 bp of the N50 length. A total of 69,439 genes were predicted by BLAST to known proteins in the NCBI database and were distributed into Gene Ontology (20,190), eukaryotic complete genomes (12,488), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (3,170). We also identified 96,790 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 13,121 simple sequence repeats in these unigenes. Our transcriptome data provide a useful resource for future functional studies of M. aurolineatus Voss for dispersal control in tea plants.
Kalman Filter-Based Real-Time Implementable Optimization of the Fuel Efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Rauh Andreas
Published: March 2021

The electric power characteristic of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) depends on numerous influencing factors. These are the mass flow of supplied hydrogen, the temperature distribution in the interior of the fuel cell stack, the temperatures of the supplied reaction media at the anode and cathode, and—most importantly—the electric current. Describing all of these dependencies by means of analytic system models is almost impossible. Therefore, it is reasonable to identify these dependencies by means of stochastic filter techniques. One possible option is the use of Kalman filters to find locally valid approximations of the power characteristics. These can then be employed for numerous online purposes of dynamically operated fuel cells such as maximum power point tracking or the maximization of the fuel efficiency. In the latter case, it has to be ensured that the fuel cell operation is restricted to the regime of Ohmic polarization. This aspect is crucial to avoid fuel starvation phenomena which may not only lead to an inefficient system operation but also to accelerated degradation. In this paper, a Kalman filter-based, real-time implementable optimization of the fuel efficiency is proposed for SOFCs which accounts for the aforementioned feasibility constraints. Essentially, the proposed strategy consists of two phases. First, the parameters of an approximation of the electric power characteristic are estimated. The measurable arguments of this function are the hydrogen mass flow and the electric stack current. In a second stage, these inputs are optimized so that a desired stack power is attained in an optimal way. Simulation results are presented which show the robustness of the proposed technique against inaccuracies in the a-priori knowledge about the power characteristics. For a numerical validation, three different models of the electric power characteristic are considered: (i) a static neural network input/output model, (ii) a first-order dynamic system representation and (iii) the combination of a static neural network model with a low-order fractional differential equation model representing transient phases during changes between different electric operating points.
Wearable Nanogenerators: Working Principle and Self-Powered Biosensors Applications
Authors: Oliveira Helinando Pequeno de
Published: March 2021

Wearable self-powered sensors represent a theme of interest in the literature due to the progress in the Internet of Things and implantable devices. The integration of different materials to harvest energy from body movement or the environment to power up sensors or act as an active component of the detection of analytes is a frontier to be explored. This review describes the most relevant studies of the integration of nanogenerators in wearables based on the interaction of piezoelectric and triboelectric devices into more efficient and low-cost harvesting systems to power up batteries or to use the generated power to identify multiple analytes in self-powered sensors and biosensors.