bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico da pandemia de COVID-19 e características do agente etiológico: Revisão
Authors: Nogueira Amanda Barreto , Silva Camila Vasconcelos de Sousa , Silva Larissa Melo da , Freitas Marcos Roberto Barros , Knackfuss Fabiana Batalha
Published: June 2021

Em 2019, na China, houve um surto de uma pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida. Diante disto, o governo chinês realizou uma investigação epidemiológica para identificação do agente causador, que veio a ser denominado SARS-CoV-2, um novo tipo de coronavírus, causador da enfermidade COVID-19. Os coronavírus fazem parte de uma grande família viral, que recebe esse nome devido às espículas que dão aspecto de coroa. Pertencem à ordem Nidovirales, família Coronaviridae e subfamília Orthocoronavirinae, sendo vírus RNA e assim com maiores predisposições a sofrerem mutações e possuem altos índices de transmissibilidade, com infecções podendo causar desde resfriados comuns até síndromes graves. Estudos evidenciaram uma semelhança de 96% do SARS-CoV-2 com o BAT-CoV, um coronavírus encontrado em morcegos. A COVID-19 se destacou na saúde pública, devido ao elevado número de casos em um curto período, eventualmente levando a uma pandemia. Na China, nos primeiros 30 dias foram confirmados 11821 casos, com 259 óbitos, e logo após foi constatado que o vírus havia se espalhado não somente na China, mas também em outros países. O tratamento é sintomático, e medidas preventivas preconizam o controle não medicamentoso, como isolamento, distanciamento social, higiene e uso de máscaras. Esta revisão tem como objetivo reunir informações relevantes sobre o agente etiológico e o perfil epidemiológico da enfermidade.
An unusual injury mechanism of atlantoaxial dislocation: illustrative case
Authors: Ibrahim Yakubu , Zhao Yiwei , Liu Wubo , Yuan Suomao , Tian Yonghao , Wang Lianlei , Liu Xinyu
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. Various underlying mechanisms of injury are described in the literature. Here, the authors report an unusual nontraumatic injury mechanism of AAD in a 12-year-old patient.

OBSERVATIONS

A 12-year-old boy presented with intolerable neck pain and numbness in both upper limbs. The patient’s symptoms had started 2 months after the initiation of online classes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic without a history of trauma. He used a computer for personal study and online classes for prolonged hours with no respite. On physical and radiological evaluation, he was diagnosed with AAD. Before surgery, skull traction was applied to reduce the dislocation and posterior C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw fixation was performed. An optimal clinical outcome was achieved with no postoperative complications. A preoperative visual analog scale score of 8.0 was reduced to 0 postoperatively.

LESSONS

A prolonged fixed neck posture is an unusual underlying cause of AAD. Posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw fixation results in an optimal clinical outcome.
Dogodi li se, da žena sama ne doji djeteta? Tko ga onda doji?
Authors: Pleše Iva
Published: June 2021

U ovom se radu na temelju etnografskih zapisa nastalih u suglasju s Osnovom za sabiranje i proučavanje građe o narodnom životu iz 1897. nastoje dati obrisi osobite prakse vezane uz dojenje djeteta u seoskoj sredini na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Riječ je o dojenju tuđeg djeteta, odnosno o prepuštanju dojenja ženi koja nije djetetova majka. Etnografskim zapisima iz Zbornika za narodni život i običaje južnih Slavena koji su, s ponekim retrospektivnim uvidima, uglavnom usmjereni na ondašnju suvremenost, pristupa se kao izvorima za etnologiju i povijest svakodnevice. Međusobno povezujući odlomke o dojenju iz različitih zborničkih zapisa, ali i one koji se na dojenje referiraju posredno, tekst među ostalim upućuje na važnost razlikovanja između kontinuiranog davanja djeteta na dojenje zbog bolesti majke ili njezinih problema s dojenjem i povremenog prepuštanja dojenja ženi koja nije djetetova majka poradi majčine privremene, kratkotrajne odsutnosti. Tekst se zanima i pitanjem (materijalne) naknade za dojenje ili njezinim izostankom te, s time povezano, odnosom između nastojanja na zaradi s jedne strane i solidarnosti s druge te eventualnom profesionalizacijom dojenja koja pitanjima iz Osnove nije obuhvaćena, a u samim zapisima je tek naznačena.
Penilaian Kinerja Fisik Sungai Desa Baru (Waki) Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah
Authors: Sakinah Sakinah . , Agoes Herliyani Farial
Published: June 2021

Kebutuhan akan sumber air semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga pemanfaatan sumber air khususnya yang berasal dari sungai, harus semakin efisien dan efektif, sejalan dengan kebutuhan sumber daya yang ada maka di perlukan suatu perawatan serta pemeliharaan sungai,identifikasi sungai merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam rangka pemeliharaan sungai. PadaDesaBaru (Waki) KecamatanBatuBenawa Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah belum ada Penilaian kinerja fisik sungai secara lengkap.Penyusunan penilaian dilakukan dengan metode observasi lapangan. Observasi lapangan berdasarkan (SE DIRJEND SDA KEMEN PUPR NO/05/SE/D/2016 dan PP NO/38/2011) yangdilakukan mulai dari bagian Hulu hinggabagian hilir sungai.Berdasarkan hasil survey mengenai identifikasi sungai di Desa Baru (Waki) Kecamatan Batu Benawa, yaitu : panjang sungai 2 Km , lebar sungai antara 50 m– 82,5 m, kedalaman sungai antara 0,20 – 2,2 m.Penilaian Kinerja Sungai terhadap sungai Desa Baru (Waki) memperlihatkan bahwa kategori tindakan untuk Sungai DesaBaru (Waki) pada hasil penilaian bernilai 74,264 % masuk pada kategori pemeliharaan Preventif dengan tindakan yang dapat dilakukan berupa pengamanan administratif, pengamanan fisik, pemeliharaan rutin, pemeliharaan berkala.

Abstract

 The need for water sources is increasing every year so that the use of water sources, especially those originating from rivers, must be more efficient and effective, in line with the existing resource needs, so that a river is needed to maintain and maintain rivers. . In Baru Village (Waki) Batu Benawa Subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Tengah District, there has not been a complete assessment of the physical performance of the river. Compilation of assessment is done by field observation method. Field observations are based on (SE DIRJEND SDA PUBLIC MINISTRY OF PUPR NO/ 05/SE/D/2016 and PP NO/ 38/2011) carried out from the upstream to the downstream part of the river. Based on the survey results on river identification in Baru Village (Waki) Batu Benawa District, namely : river length 2 km, river width between 50 m - 82.5 m, river depth between 0.20 - 2.2 m. River Performance Assessment of the Sungai Baru River (Waki) shows that the action category for Sungai Desa Baru (Waki) on the valuation results is 74.264% in the Preventive maintenance category with actions that can be taken in the form of administrative security, physical security, routine maintenance, periodic maintenance.
Analisis Kebutuhan Air Bersih Kecamatan Anjir Muara dan Kecamatan Anjir Pasar
Authors: Norastina Riska , Effendi Faryanto
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK

Air adalah salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia yang sangat berperan penting dalam kehidupan, air dapat diperoleh dari berbagai sumber, tergantung pada kondisi dan daerah setempat. Penyediaan air bersih untuk masyarakat saat ini menjadi salah satu permasalahan penting, dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Maka PDAM Unit IKK Anjir Muara Pasar perlu mengkaji kembali kebutuhan air bersih.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan proyeksi penduduk 10 tahun mendatang menggunakan 3 metode yaitu metode aritmatik, metode geometrik, dan metode least square. Kebutuhan air bersih yang dihitung yaitu kebutuhan domestik, kebutuhan non domestik, dan kehilangan air. Sehingga didapatlah kebutuhan air total 10 tahun mendatang.

Hasil perhitungan yaitu kebutuhan air domestik tahun 2028 adalah 37,053 L/dtk, kebutuhan air non domestik tahun 2028 adalah 2,27 L/dtk, kehilangan air tahun 2028 adalah 7,864 L/dtk. Total kebutuhan air tahun 2028 adalah 47,19 L/dtk, kapasitas produksi  tahun 2028 yaitu 47,19 L/dtk. Kapasitas produksi yang terpasang saat ini adalah 70 L/dtk, sehingga pada tahun 2028 kapasitas yang terpasang saat ini memenuhi untuk 10 tahun  ke depan.

Abstract

Water is one of the basic human needs that plays an important role in life, water can be obtained from various sources, depending on conditions and the local area. The provision of clean water for the community is now one of the important problems, in order to meet the growing need for clean water every year. So the IKK PDAM Unit Promote the Estuary Market needs to review the need for clean water. The research method used is by collecting primary data and secondary data, then calculating the population projection for the next 10 years using 3 methods, namely arithmetic methods, geometric methods, and least square method. The calculated clean water needs are domestic needs, non-domestic needs, and water loss. So that you get the total water needs for the next 10 years. The calculation result is that domestic water demand in 2028 is 37,053 L/sec, non-domestic water needs in 2028 are 2.27 L/sec, water loss in 2028 is 7.864 L/sec. The total water demand in 2028 is 47.19 L/sec, production  capacity in 2028 is 47.19 L/sec. The currently installed production capacity is 70 L/sec, so that in 2028 the installed capacity currently meets for the next 10 years.
Perbandingan Perhitungan Luas Tanah antara Metode Trilaterasi Segitiga dengan Metode Koordinat
Authors: Hawinuti Riska , Fauzi Muhammad , Gazalie Rifanie
Published: June 2021

Kesadaran pemilik lahan untuk melindungi status kepemilikannya terhadap ketidakcocokan keadaan bidang tanah lapangan dengan data yang ada di dokumen sertifikat mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan pengukuran ulang lahan. Penggunaan alat dengan akurasi rendah dan metode yang kurang tepat menyebabkan data luas lahan yang dihasilkan menjadi kurang akurat. Hal ini menyebabkan kebingungan pada pemilik lahan maupun pemilik lahan disekitarnya. Sehingga perlunya data pembanding antara dua alat ukur berbeda dengan metode berbeda untuk memperkaya data perhitungan luas tersebut.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung luas lahan Gedung Pejuang Veteran Banjarmasin dengan Metode Trilaterasi (pendekatan luasan segitiga dengan ketiga sisi diketahui)  menggunakan Pesawat Penyipat Datar (PPD) dan dengan Metode Koordinat menggunakan GPS. Hasil perhitungan tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan data resmi luas lahan yang diperoleh dari BPN.

Pengukuran dengan PPD diperoleh luasan sebesar 10.025,476 M2 dan dengan GPS sebesar 10.100,720 M2 dimana luas resmi lahan adalah 11.183 M2. Sehingga diperoleh persentase terhadap luas resmi berturut-turut sebesar 89,65 % dengan pengukuran menggunakan PPD dan sebesar 90,32 % dengan pengukuran menggunakan GPS. Berdasarkan hasil diatas, penggunaan kedua alat tersebut kurang disarankan untuk pengukuran luas lahan secara teliti serta perlunya memastikan batas tanah akurat di lapangan sebelum pengukuran.

Abstract

The awareness of land owners to protect their ownership status against the mismatch condition between land percil and the data in the documents resulted the increasing need for land re-measurement. Using tools with low accuracy and improper methods causes the result of land area data less accurated. This causes confusion among land owner and its nearby. The data comparisons are needed between two different measuring instruments with different methods to enrich the area calculation data its self.

This research aims to calculate the land area of ​​the Pejuang Veteran Banjarmasin Building with the Trilateration Method using an Automatic Level and the Coordinate Method using GPS. The results of these calculations will be compared with official land area data obtained from National Land Agency.

Measurement with Automatic Level obtained an area of 10.025,476 M2 and with GPS is 10.100,720 M2 where the official land area is 11.183 M2. The percentage amount between the official area versus Automatic Level and GPS consecutively are 89,65 % and 90,32 %. Based on that results, the use of these tools is less recommended to detailed land measurement and its important to ensure accurate percil boundaries in the field before measurement.
PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN PLASTIK LDPE SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI ASPAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL HRS-WC
Authors: Wiyogo Ardi , Syaiful Amal Andi , Alamsyah Alik Ansyori
Published: June 2021

Salah satu cara meningkatkan mutu campuran beraspal adalah dengan menambah bahan aditif ke dalam aspal. Bahan aditif yang dipilih adalah plastik jenis LDPE. Pemilihan plastik ini karena kemudahan mendapatkan dan sebagai salah satu solusi mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan karena plastik. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu upaya untuk pengelolaan plastik dan menjadi acuan dalam mengamati karakteristik aspal yang diganti sebagian dengan LDPE. Analisa dilakukan dengan cara mencari terlebih dahulu KAO dari campuran aspal pen 60/70 HRS-WC. Dari hasil KAO (kadar aspal optimum) yang didapatkan, dilakukan substitusi kadar aspal dengan plastik LDPE. Kadar LDPE yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% dan 8%. Hasil dari 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% kadar LDPE dibandingkan dengan kadar LDPE 0%. Dari hasil Analisa yang dilakukan, semakin banyaknya kadar plastik LDPE yang dipakai maka akan semakin mengurangi nilai stabilitas, MQ, dan VFA. Nilai VIM dan VMA semakin meningkat seiring semakin banyaknya kadar LDPE yang dipakai. Pada nilai stabilitas, stabilitas sisa dan MQ mengalami peningkatan pada kadar 2% tetapi mengalami penurunan kembali di kadar 4%, 6% dan 8%.
Analisis Dan Perancangan Pemberian Bantuan Sosial Dampak COVID-19 Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)
Authors: Rahmawati Ika Intan , Apriyanto Riyan
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis corona virus yang baru ditemukan. Indonesia mengonfirmasi kasus pertama infeksi virus corona penyebab Covid-19 pada awal Maret 2020. Sejak itu, berbagai upaya penanggulangan dilakukan pemerintah untuk meredam dampak dari pandemi Covid-19 di berbagai sektor. Salah satu upaya penanggunalangan penularan Covid-19 dengan melakukan pembatasan aktivitas masyarakat. Hal ini berpengaruh pada aktivitas bisnis yang kemudian berimbas pada perekonomian. Pelemahan ekonomi akibat Covid-19 berdampak terhadap peningkatan penduduk miskin di Indonesia. Salah satu langkah yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah dalam menghadapi Covid-19 adalah dengan pemberian bantuan social yang diutamakan kepada keluarga miskin. Faktor yang menjadi permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan suatu program ini adalah menyangkut identifikasi target dan ketepatan penerimanya yang kurang tepat sasaran. Oleh karena itu, kelurahan selaku instansi pemerintahan terdekat dengan masyarakat  dalam proses pendataan keluarga miskin perlu mengklasifikasikan kelompok miskin ke dalam tiga kategori, yaitu hampir miskin, miskin dan sangat miskin. Dalam menentukan kriteria miskin tersebut diperlukan adanya model pengambilan keputusan yang dikenal dengan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK). Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dipilih karena metode ini menentukan nilai bobot untuk setiap atribut. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perangkingan metode Simple Additive Weighting didapat 9 keluarga dengan kategori sangat miskin dengan nilai ranking tertinggi yaitu 0.91.

Kata Kunci: Bantuan, Covid-19, Simple Additive Weighting (SAW).
Методика определения германия в технологических продуктах свинцовых, цинковых, медных производств УК МК ТОО «Казцинк»
Authors: Раимбаева Л , Аубакирова Р
Published: June 2021

Германий является важным высокотехнологичным элементом во многих современных отраслях промышленности благодаря уникальным полупроводниковым свойствам его кристаллов. Впоследствии были обнаружены и другие интересные свойства германия и его соединений, что способствовало значительному расширению диапазона  его промышленного использования. В настоящее время разработано очень мало методик определения германия в различном сырье, которые могли бы найти практическое применение.

В данной статье предложена методика выполнения измерений (МВИ) концентрации германия в технологических продуктах свинцовых, цинковых, медных производств с применением современного технологического оборудования – атомно-эмиссионного спектрометра с индуктивно-связанной плазмой Spectro CirosCCD с программным обеспечением Smart Analyzer Vision в растворах, полученных после разложения проб смесью концентрированных азотной и фтористоводородной кислот, с последующим добавлением разбавленной серной кислоты при длине волны 209,43 нм. Диапазон определяемых содержаний аналита составляет 10-4- 10-3 % масс., точность методики анализа ± Δ0,0011-0,0012% масс., расширенная неопределенность результатов анализа U (CGe) 0,0011-0,013% масс.
EPTCast – Предложение по научному распространению в бразильском профессиональном и технологическом образовании
Authors: Ramos Rogério Luiz da Silva , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: June 2021

Эта работа состоит из отчета об опыте развития EPTCast, образовательного продукта, разработанного на протяжении всего профессионального магистерской курса по профессиональному и технологическому образованию в национальной сети (ProfEPT). Эта работа, основанная на недостаточном научном распространении, конкретно сосредоточена на области бразильского профессионального и технологического образования (EPT), направлена на продвижение инициатив в этом смысле, способствуя тем самым популяризации науки в этой области. С этой целью здесь изображается процесс строительства и распространения через podcast аудиоконтента, направленного на научное распространение бразильской EPT. В этом смысле изначально решается вопрос о разрыве, а значит, и о необходимости популяризации научной деятельности в этой области. Во втором моменте представлены проектно-смеканые проекты и технологии, используемые при строительстве объекта EPTCast. Популяризация научности бразильского профессионального и технологического образования является то, что предназначено через эту работу – которая не будет единственной. Таким образом, благодаря тому, что было разоблачено в предыдущих разделах, он призван способствовать популяризации науки, которая иногда еще не понимается как таковая.
Competencias de sostenibilidad ambiental para los alumnos del CUCEA.
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Peyro Beltran Maria Elena
Published: June 2021

The objective of this work is to guide the development of competencies in environmental sustainability in the students of the cucea in order that they acquire knowledge, skills and aptitudes to generate intervention proposals in differentiated contexts within the framework of contemporary environmental crises. To achieve this objective, it is proposed to make use of the five competences applied by Evans in a university context: systems competency; critical and analytical; inter-personal and communication; creative and strategic; and transdisciplinary.
El Otro No-Humano y el Coronavirus
Authors:   Departamento de Filosofía. Universidad de Guadalajara. (MÉXICO), de la Parra Rodríguez Fabián
Published: June 2021

The global Coronavirus pandemic originated out of a wet market in Wuhan, China. Thus, this virus is the product of the market conditions that lacked any sort of ethical considerations. Among the most ingrained dogmas in most human beings throughout history is the idea that mankind has non-human beings at their disposal to do with them whatever humanity’s will might dictate. The ethical relation is suspended during the interaction with animals and thus humans are allowed to torture, harm, imprison, and kill animals for scientific experiments, entertainment, or to satisfy hunger or a craving. Through the levinasian concept of transcendence, this article will propose Otherness as a category of Peter Singer’s utilitarian critique of factory farming. The current virus is proposed to be the result of a system that subsumes the non-human Other as matter to be manipulated and ignores any sort of ethical responsibility.
La falacia de la Verdad. Esbozos de un camino hermenéutico centrado en la vacuidad
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara. (MÉXICO), Sevilla Godínez Héctor
Published: June 2021

This article offers a strategy of human liberation centering itself on an open attitude before nothingness, its recognition, and valuation for personal life. The text presents an argument against the attitude of searching for the Truth, understanding it as the absolute certainty. It starts off from the idea that man must relativize all processes of interpretation, this is to say, all hermeneutic exercises; with this, it is warned, it will be possible to liberate oneself from the exclusively linguistic search and from the linear or univocal learning. From this will be derived the contemplation of the option of being concerned for oneself, and of finding audible traces in silence which invite towards the comprehension of a nihilistic logic that is liberating from enslaving structures
Vínculos entre el arte y el acto moral. Una revisión de las nociones de lo bueno y lo bello en Kant.
Authors:   Departamento de Filosofía / Universidad de Guadalajara. (MÉXICO), Mayorga Madrigal Alberto Cuauthémoc
Published: June 2021

Censorship of art implies the connection between Ethics and Aesthethics: different kind of valuations and orientations in artistic work, such as censorship as well as compliment, enlightens usual phenomena concerning autonomy, valuation, volition, abstraction and assimilation conditions of it. Therefore, our aim is to explore some fundamental Kantian features between morals and arts concerning the judgment, as well as its results (i.e. piece of art and moral act).
Juan Bosch, un perseguido político. Un atisbo a “El hombre que lloró”.
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ESPAÑA), Reyes Velázquez Amparo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this work is to highlight the transition between the fictional sphere and politics, under the method of Eagleton’s theory of reception. Juan Bosch, committed to the Dominican reality, as Núñez Polanco has pointed out, perhaps the social denunciation of his narrative was not enough and he had to take a step forward in the political arena to fight against the dictatorial enemy: Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. Hence the exile, hence the political persecution that did not end with the death of Trujillo, but rather continued with Joaquin Balaguer, the other face of the Trujillo dictatorship.
Prevalence of Hypertension in a selected Rural Area of Mymensingh
Authors: Hasan AHM , Alam Fakir Sameul , Hossain Md Tufael , Begum Maksuda , Dipu Sultana Sobnam , Tahera Sadiqa
Published: June 2021

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from January 2015 to March 2016 in villages of 12 Bhavokhali union, Sadar upazila, Mymensingh. The study was done on 408 subjects who were selected purposively. Data were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire by direct interviewing the respondents. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Prevalence of hypertension was 21.32%. Mean age was 39.22 years and standard deviation 14.81 years. Prevalence of hypertension was 46.30% among persons over 60 years of age, 37.11% among persons having family history of hypertension, 61.54% among persons having diabetes mellitus, 43.96% among persons having BMI more than or equal to 25, 29.41% among those having sedentary lifestyle, 22.14% among those having the habit of added salt intake, 33.75% among smokers and 25.95% among persons having the habit of smokeless tobacco intake. Though female had low prevalence of hypertension (18.77%), female working outside had higher prevalence 31.59%. Women of reproductive age group had lower prevalence of hypertension (15.56%) among whom oral contraceptive pill users had increased prevalence of hypertension 16.82%. Prevalence of hypertension found in this study was lower in comparison to global prevalence and results of other studies.

CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 14-20
MORBIDITY AND CAUSES OF MORTALITY AMONG PRETERM AND TERM NEWBORNS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sokolovskaya T. A. , Stupak V. S. , Menshikova L. I. , Postoev V. A.
Published: June 2021

Aim: To assess temporal trends in morbidity and mortality among preterm and term newborns in the Russian Federation. Methods: Morbidity and mortality of newborns with birthweight of 1 000 grams or more were calculated using data from all state statistical observation forms in 2016-2018 in the Russian Federation. Data were analyzed in total and separately for term and preterm babies. Ninety-five confidence intervals (CI) for neonatal morbidity and mortality were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed. Comparisons between groups were performed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: A significant decrease in both morbidity and mortality of newborns was observed for the most of causes. However, we found an increase in the incidence of respiratory disorders (45,5 %; 95 % CI: 45,2 % - 45,8 % in 2016 vs. 52,2 %; 95 % CI: 51,9 % - 52,6 % in 2018; p < 0,001); respiratory distress (24,5 %; 95 % CI: 24,3 % - 24,8 % vs. 29,3 %; 95% CI: 29,1 % - 29,6 %; p < 0,001); hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (10,1 %; 95 % CI: 10,0 % - 10,3 % vs. 11,1 %; 95 % CI: 10,9 % - 11,3 %; p < 0,001) and congenital anomalies (29,6 %; 95 % CI: 29,4 % - 29,9 % vs. 32,9 %; 95 % CI: 32,6 % - 33,2 %; p < 0,001) over the study period. Mortality from infectious diseases specific to the perinatal period increased from 0,073 %; 95 % CI: 0,061 % - 0,087 % in 2016 to 0,082 %; 95 % CI: 0,068 % - 0,098 % in 2018 including bacterial sepsis (from 0,029 %; 95 % CI: 0,022 % - 0,037 % to 0,039 %; 95 % CI: 0,030 % - 0,051 %). Mortality from intraventricular hemorrhage increased from 0,008 %; 95 % CI: 0,0046 % - 0,0131 % to 0,01 %; 95 % CI: 0,006 % - 0,016 % in term neonates. Mortality due to neonatal aspiration pneumonia increased among preterm infants (from 0,02 %; 95 % CI: 0,02 % - 0,07 % to 0,03 %; 95 % CI: 0,007 % - 0,096 %) as well as other diseases (with 0,19 %; 95 % CI: 0,11 % - 0,29 % to 0,21 %; 95 % CI: 0,13 % - 0,33 %). Conclusion: Despite significant favorable trends in morbidity and mortality of both term and preterm newborns in the Russian Federation we found an increase in incidence of preventable diseases and causes of death warranting improvements in medical care in this age-group.
Habitat-based density models of pack-ice seal distribution in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Oosthuizen WC , Reisinger RR , Bester MN , Steinhage D , Auel H , Flores H , Knust R , Ryan S , Bornemann H
Published: June 2021

Climate variability and changes in sea ice dynamics have caused several ice-obligate or krill-dependent populations of marine predators to decline, eliciting concern about their demographic persistence and the indirect ecological consequences that predator depletions may have on marine ecosystems. Pack-ice seals are dominant ice-obligate predators in the Antarctic marine ecosystem, but there is considerable uncertainty about their abundance and population trends. We modelled the density and distribution of pack-ice seals as a function of environmental covariates in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Our density surface modelling approach used data from aerial surveys of pack-ice seals collected in the 2013/14 austral summer. Crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophaga, the most numerous pack-ice seal we observed, occurred at the highest densities in areas with extensive sea ice near the continental shelf break, but were almost absent in areas of similar sea ice concentration in the southern extent of the Weddell Sea. The highest densities of Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddelli, which were less abundant than crabeater seals within the pack-ice habitat, were predicted to occur over the continental shelf, near the shelf break. The distribution of both seal species broadly corresponded with the distribution and relative abundance of their main prey (Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarctica) obtained from concurrent ecosystem surveys. Ross seals Ommatophoca rossii and leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx were not detected at all and are apparently rare within the southern Weddell Sea. These results can contribute to biodiversity assessments in the context of marine protected area planning in this region of the Southern Ocean.
Carbon markets for increasing international ambition
Authors: Convery Frank , Borghesi Simone , Verde Stefano , Trecroci Carmine , Wimberger Emily
Published: June 2021

The panel will focus on the role of carbon markets amidst increasing international climate ambition and cooperation, touching upon integration, interdependence, arbitrage and carbon leakage aspects. This session is organised under the framework of our EU funded project LIFE DICET – Deepening international cooperation on emissions trading.
Opening (Policy): Risk & finance roundtable
Authors: Monasterolo Irene , Noss Joseph , Parisi Laura , Ranger Nicola , Battiston Stefano
Published: June 2021

This session will introduce the theme of the day. It will engage with leading experts in climate finance from academia, central banks and financial regulators in a stock-taking exercise to critically discuss international examples of progress in climate financial risk assessment and the challenges associated which are currently faced by investors and supervisors.
Emerging Roles of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Cancer: From Protein Aggregation to Immune-Associated Signaling
Authors: Lu Jiahua , Qian Junjie , Xu Zhentian , Yin Shengyong , Zhou Lin , Zheng Shusen , Zhang Wu
Published: June 2021

Liquid–liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) of proteins and nucleic acids has emerged as a new paradigm in the study of cellular activities. It drives the formation of liquid-like condensates containing biomolecules in the absence of membrane structures in living cells. In addition, typical membrane-less condensates such as nuclear speckles, stress granules and cell signaling clusters play important roles in various cellular activities, including regulation of transcription, cellular stress response and signal transduction. Previous studies highlighted the biophysical and biochemical principles underlying the formation of these liquid condensates. The studies also showed how these principles determine the molecular properties, LLPS behavior, and composition of liquid condensates. While the basic rules driving LLPS are continuously being uncovered, their function in cellular activities is still unclear, especially within a pathological context. Therefore, the present review summarizes the recent progress made on the existing roles of LLPS in cancer, including cancer-related signaling pathways, transcription regulation and maintenance of genome stability. Additionally, the review briefly introduces the basic rules of LLPS, and cellular signaling that potentially plays a role in cancer, including pathways relevant to immune responses and autophagy.
Comprehensive Analysis of Peripheral Exosomal circRNAs in Large Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke
Authors: Xiao Qi , Yin Ruihua , Wang Yuan , Yang Shaonan , Ma Aijun , Pan Xudong , Zhu Xiaoyan
Published: June 2021

Exosomes are crucial vehicles in intercellular communication. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), novel endogenous noncoding RNAs, play diverse roles in ischemic stroke. Recently, the abundance and stability of circRNAs in exosomes have been identified. However, a comprehensive analysis of exosomal circRNAs in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke has not yet been reported. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to comprehensively identify differentially expressed (DE) exosomal circRNAs in five paired LAA and normal controls. Further, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the RNA-Seq results in a cohort of stroke patients (32 versus 32). RNA-Seq identified a total of 462 circRNAs in peripheral exosomes; there were 25 DE circRNAs among them. Additionally, circRNA competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and translatable analysis revealed the potential functions of the exosomal circRNAs in LAA progression. Two ceRNA pathways involving 5 circRNAs, 2 miRNAs, and 3 mRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. In the validation cohort, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified two circRNAs as possible novel biomarkers, and a logistic model combining two and four circRNAs increased the area under the curve compared with the individual circRNAs. Here, we show for the first time the comprehensive expression of exosomal circRNAs, which displayed the potential diagnostic and biological function in LAA stroke.
Morphological and Optical Tuning of Lead-Free Cs2SnX6 (X = I, Br) Perovskite Nanocrystals by Ligand Engineering
Authors: Veronese Alessandro , Ciarrocchi Carlo , Marelli Marcello , Quadrelli Paolo , Patrini Maddalena , Malavasi Lorenzo
Published: June 2021

In order to overcome the toxicity of lead halide perovskites, in recent years the research has focused on replacing lead with more environmentally friendly metals like tin, germanium, bismuth or antimony. However, lead-free perovskites still present instability issues and low performances that do not make them competitive when compared to their lead-based counterparts. Here we report the synthesis of lead-free Cs2SnX6 (X = Br, I) nanostructures of different shapes by using various surface ligands. These compounds are a promising alternative to lead halide perovskites in which the replacement of divalent lead (Pb(II)) with tetravalent tin (Sn(IV)) causes a modification of the standard perovskite structure. We investigate the effects of different amines on the morphology and size of Cs2SnX6 (X = Br, I) nanocrystals, presenting a facile hot-infection method to directly synthesize three-dimensional (3D) nanoparticles as well as two-dimensional (2D) nanoplatelets. The amines not only modify the shape of the crystals, but also affect their optical properties: increasing the length of the amine carbon chain we observe a widening in the bandgap of the compounds and a blue-shift of their emission peak. Alongside the tuning of the chemical composition and the reduction of the crystal size, our study offers a new insight in controlling the physical properties of perovskite nanocrystals by means of the capping ligands, paving the way for future research on lead-free materials.
Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland
Authors: Mykles Donald L.
Published: June 2021

A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.
Gene Editing of the Decoy Receptor LeEIX1 Increases Host Receptivity to Trichoderma Bio-Control
Authors: Leibman-Markus Meirav , Gupta Rupali , Pizarro Lorena , Gershony Ofir , Rav-David Dalia , Elad Yigal , Bar Maya
Published: June 2021

Fungal and bacterial pathogens generate devastating diseases and cause significant tomato crop losses worldwide. Due to chemical pesticides harming the environment and human health, alternative disease control strategies, including microorganismal bio-control agents (BCAs), are increasingly sought-after in agriculture. Bio-control microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp. have been shown to activate induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host. However, examples of highly active bio-control microorganisms in agricultural settings are still lacking, due primarily to inconsistency in bio-control efficacy, often leading to widespread disease prior to the required ISR induction in the host. As part of its plant colonization strategy, Trichoderma spp. can secrete various compounds and molecules, which can effect host priming/ISR. One of these molecules synthesized and secreted from several species of Trichoderma is the family 11 xylanase enzyme known as ethylene inducing xylanase, EIX. EIX acts as an ISR elicitor in specific plant species and varieties. The response to EIX in tobacco and tomato cultivars is controlled by a single dominant locus, termed LeEIX, which contains two receptors, LeEIX1 and LeEIX2, both belonging to a class of leucine-rich repeat cell-surface glycoproteins. Both receptors are able to bind EIX, however, while LeEIX2 mediates plant defense responses, LeEIX1 acts as a decoy receptor and attenuates EIX induced immune signaling of the LeEIX2 receptor. By mutating LeEIX1 using CRISPR/Cas9, here, we report an enhancement of receptivity to T. harzianum mediated ISR and disease bio-control in tomato.
Distinct Extracellular RNA Profiles in Different Plasma Components
Authors: Jia Jing , Yang Shangdong , Huang Jinyong , Zheng Hong , He Ying , Wang Liang
Published: June 2021

Circulating extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) have great potential to serve as biomarkers for a wide range of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic applications. So far, knowledge of the difference among different sources of exRNAs is limited. To address this issue, we performed a sequential physical and biochemical precipitation to collect four fractions (platelets and cell debris, the thrombin-induced precipitates, extracellular vesicles, and supernatant) from each of 10 plasma samples. From total RNAs of the 40 fractions, we prepared ligation-free libraries to profile full spectrum of all RNA species, without size selection and rRNA reduction. Due to complicated RNA composition in these libraries, we utilized a successive stepwise alignment strategy to map the RNA sequences to different RNA categories, including miRNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, lincRNAs, snoRNAs, snRNAs, other ncRNAs, protein coding RNAs, and circRNAs. Our data showed that each plasma fraction had its own unique distribution of RNA species. Hierarchical cluster analyses using transcript abundance demonstrated similarities in the same plasma fraction and significant differences between different fractions. In addition, we observed various unique transcripts, and novel predicted miRNAs among these plasma fractions. These results demonstrate that the distribution of RNA species and functional RNA transcripts is plasma fraction-dependent. Appropriate plasma preparation and thorough inspection of different plasma fractions are necessary for an exRNA-based biomarker study.
circARL15 Plays a Critical Role in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Modulating miR-431-5p/DISC1
Authors: Wang Hanbang , Zhu Yakun , Cao Le , Guo Ziming , Sun Kai , Qiu Wangbao , Fan Haitao
Published: June 2021

Background

Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a serious public health problem associated with genetic and environmental factors. However, the pathogenic factors involved and the pathological mechanism of this disease still remain enigmatic.

Methods

The associated microarray was downloaded and further analyzed using statistical software R. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) co-expression network was constructed to measure the meaningful correlated expression of differentially expressed genes. We further measured the expression of circARL15/miR-431-5p/DISC1 in IDD tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected in NP cells transfected with a circARL15 overexpression plasmid and miR-431-5p mimics. The expression of DISC1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.

Results

Within the ceRNA network, circARL15 is the most differentially expressed circular RNA. circARL15 was down-regulated in IDD and was negatively correlated with miR-431-5p and positively associated with DISC1. miR-431-5p was found to bind directly to circARL15 and DISC1. circARL15 inhibited nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis but promoted nucleus pulposus cell proliferation by targeting the miR-431-5p/DISC1 signaling pathway.

Conclusion

circARL15/miR-431-5p/DISC1 is involved in the pathogenesis of IDD, which might be helpful in determining the diagnostic biomarkers and providing potential therapeutic targets for patients with IDD.
High L-Carnitine Levels Impede Viral Control in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Gu Shuqin , Fu Xin , Ye Guofu , Chen Chengcong , Li Xiaoyi , Zhong Shihong , Tang Libo , Chen Haitao , Jiang Deke , Hou Jinlin , Li Yongyin
Published: June 2021

Persistent antigen exposure during chronic hepatitis B infection leads to exhausted immune responses, thus impeding viral control. In recent years, immunometabolism opens new therapeutic possibilities for the modulation of immune responses. Herein, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of L-carnitine (L-Cn) on immune cells in chronic HBV infection. In this study, 141 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection, 38 patients who achieved HBsAg loss following antiviral treatment, and 47 patients who suffered from HBV-related HCC from real-life clinical practice were recruited. The plasma L-Cn levels were measured by ELISA. RNA sequencing was conducted to define the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after L-Cn stimulation. In vitro assays were performed to assess the effect of L-Cn on immune cells; the frequencies and function of immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that compared with patients with HBsAg loss, patients with HBsAg positivity and patients who suffered from HBV-related HCC had higher levels of L-Cn, and the plasma levels of L-Cn in the HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis patients who had elevated ALT were significantly higher than that of HBeAg-negative chronic infection and HBsAg loss groups. Moreover, a positive correlation between plasma levels of L-Cn and HBsAg levels was found. Additionally, RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that L-Cn altered the transcriptional profiles related to immune response. In vitro assays revealed that L-Cn suppressed the proliferation of and IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. It also down-regulated the proliferation and IgG production of B cells. Notably, L-Cn enhanced IL-10 secretion from regulatory T cells and up-regulated the expression of inhibitory receptors on T cells. Moreover, a variant in CPT2 (rs1799821) was confirmed to be associated with L-Cn levels as well as complete response in CHB patients following Peg-IFNα antiviral therapy. Taken together, the immunosuppressive properties of L-Cn may hinder the control of HBV in chronic HBV infection, implicating that L-Cn manipulation might influence the prognosis of patients with HBV infection.
Detection and Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Using Non-conventional Variable Lymphocyte Receptor Antibodies of the Evolutionarily Distant Sea Lamprey
Authors: Leung Leslie Y. T. , Khan Srijit , Budylowski Patrick , Li Zhijie , Goroshko Sofiya , Liu Yanling , Dong Shilan , Carlyle James R. , Rini James M. , Ostrowski Mario , Ehrhardt Götz R. A.
Published: June 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerged betacoronavirus and the causative agent for the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibodies recognizing the viral spike protein are instrumental in natural and vaccine-induced immune responses to the pathogen and in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Unlike conventional immunoglobulins, the variable lymphocyte receptor antibodies of jawless vertebrates are structurally distinct, indicating that they may recognize different epitopes. Here we report the isolation of monoclonal variable lymphocyte receptor antibodies from immunized sea lamprey larvae that recognize the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 but not of other coronaviruses. We further demonstrate that these monoclonal variable lymphocyte receptor antibodies can efficiently neutralize the virus and form the basis of a rapid, single step SARS-CoV-2 detection system. This study provides evidence for monoclonal variable lymphocyte receptor antibodies as unique biomedical research and potential clinical diagnostic reagents targeting SARS-CoV-2.
Early p38 Activation Regulated by MKP-1 Is Determinant for High Levels of IL-10 Expression Through TLR2 Activation
Authors: Francisco Sara , Arranz Alicia , Merino Javier , Punzón Carmen , Perona Rosario , Fresno Manuel
Published: June 2021

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the recognition of pathogen-derived components as a first line of defense against infections. It has been suggested that depending on the nature of the pathogens, TLRs activation induce a distinct cytokine profile that may contribute to the polarization of the acquired immune response. Here, we investigated the early MAPK signaling activation via TLR4 and TLR2 receptors and its impact in differential cytokine profile by macrophages. We found that TLR2 ligands activated MAPKs p38 and ERK earlier compared to the TLR4 ligand LPS in macrophages. Higher IL-10/IL-12 and IL-10/TNF-α ratios were also observed at later time points in response to TLR2 ligands compared to LPS. The results also indicate an earlier activation of the phosphatase MKP-1 and that MKP-1 KO macrophages show a prolongation in p38 phosphorylation in response to TLR2 stimulation. Furthermore, p38 is critical for IL-10 expression in response to TLR2 ligands, which triggers the macrophage change to a M2 and regulatory phenotype in contrast to the M1 phenotype induced by TLR4 activation. Therefore, the early TLR2-mediated p38 induction contributes for the high IL-10 production, likely as a virulence strategy to suppress host Th1 response against certain types of pathogens.