bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images with multi-prediction and adaptive huffman encoding
Authors: Ren Hua , Bai Guang-rong , Chen Tong-tong , Yue Zhen , Ren Ru-yong
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of multimedia technology and the massive accumulation of user data, a huge amount of data is rapidly generated and shared over the network, while the problems of inappropriate data access and abuse persist. Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) is a privacy-preserving method that embeds protected data in an encrypted domain and accurately extracts the embedded data without affecting the original content. However, the amount of embedded data has been one of the major limitations in the performance and application of RDHEI. Currently, the main approaches to improve the capacity of RDHEI are either to increase the overall capacity or to reduce the length of the auxiliary information. In this paper, we propose a novel RDHEI scheme based on multi-prediction and adaptive Huffman encoding. To increase the overall capacity, we propose a multi-prediction, called MED+GAP predictor, to generate the label map data of non-reference pixels prior to image encryption. Then, an adaptive Huffman coding is designed to compress the generated labels in order to reduce the embedding length of the auxiliary information used for the extraction and recovery. Experiments show that the proposed method with MED+GAP predictor and adaptive Huffman coding improves 0.052 bpp, 0.023 bpp, and 0.047 bpp on average over the other state-of-the-art methods on the BOSSBase, BOWS-2, and UCID datasets, respectively, while maintaining security and reversibility.
Higher hydrogen fractions in dielectric polymers boost self-healing in electrical capacitors
Authors: Chaban Vitaly V. , Andreeva Nadezhda A.
Published: December 2023

Specific chemical compositions of dielectric polymers favor capacitor durabilities.
Construction and screening of spin-crossover-sponge materials based on iron(ii)-triazole coordination polymers
Authors: Zeng Feng-Lian , Jin Xue-Ting , Zhao Jie , Zhang Shu-Xin , Xue Cheng , Luo Yang-Hui
Published: December 2023

The integration of hygroscopic material has allowed iron(ii)-triazole coordination polymers with humidity-triggered spin-crossover transition and color variation.
Tuning kinetics of SnS/Ni3S4 binary sulfides for high rate and long cyclic lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Wu Yuefeng , Rana Zohaib , Gul Eman , Rahman Gul , Zafar Amina , Ali Tahir , Javaid Saqib , Hussain Shafqat , Maaz Khan , Karim Shafqat , Ahmad Mashkoor , Xiang Guolei , Nisar Amjad
Published: December 2023

Binary sulfides (SnS/Ni3S4) anode of tuned kinetics is reported. The developed electrode delivers enhanced rate performance and cyclic stability due to synergistic effect.
Minimal numerical ingredients describe chemical microswimmers’ 3-D motion
Authors: Bailey Maximilian R. , Barriuso Gutiérrez C. Miguel , Martín-Roca José , Niggel Vincent , Carrasco-Fadanelli Virginia , Buttinoni Ivo , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Isa Lucio , Valeriani Chantal
Published: December 2023

The underlying mechanisms of catalytic Janus microswimmers is highly complex, requiring details of associated phoretic fields and boundaries. We demonstrate that a coarse-grained dissipative particle-hydrodynamics model can describe the behaviour of several chemical microswimmers.
ICAM-1 targeted and ROS-responsive nanoparticles for the treatment of acute lung injury
Authors: Ran Yu , Yin Shanmei , Xie Pei , Liu Yaxue , Wang Ying , Yin Zongning
Published: December 2023

A schematic diagram of Dex/PSB-γ3 NPs targeting high ICAM-1-expressing cells and their depolymerization under ROS stimulation for the treatment of ALI.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging the fluctuation of HOBr during endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Guo Bingpeng , Li Mengyu , Hao Guiwen , Wei Liangchen , Sa Honghan , Chen Jianbin , Shu Wei , Shao Changxiang
Published: December 2023

An endoplasmic reticulum-targetable ratiometric probe for imaging the fluctuation of HOBr during ER stress was successfully developed.
Electrochromic electrically conductive Cu3(HHTP)2 films with adaptation to diverse and low-concentration water
Authors: Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Ran , Lu Ziqiu , Wu Xilu , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Li Kerui , Wang Hongzhi
Published: December 2023

Sea water, the most abundant water resource on the Earth, is rich in Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ and possesses excellent conductivity, making it a highly promising and renewable source of electrolyte.
A nanoflower-like GaSe/β-Ga2O3 based heterostructure for highly efficient self-powered broadband photodetectors
Authors: Varshney Urvashi , Sharma Anuj , Yadav Aditya , Goswami Preeti , Gupta Govind
Published: December 2023

The combination of GaSe nanoflowers with β-Ga2O3 results in a high-performance heterojunction photodetector with self-powered operation and outstanding responsivity from deep UV to visible wavelengths.
Circular Configuration of Torcular Herophili Presenting as Childhood Headache: 2D Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis with a Proposed Mechanism
Authors: Datta Debajyoti , Sekar Arunkumar , Patnaik Ashis
Published: December 2023

This case report presents a rare anatomical variant of the torcular Herophili, characterized by a circular configuration and the absence of the left transverse sinus. A 12-year-old child presented with intermittent holocranial headaches, and imaging revealed the circular torcular Herophili along with mild ventricular enlargement. The straight sinus drained into the left side of the circular torcular Herophili. Following lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, the child experienced symptom improvement. During a 6-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic, without further headaches or academic disruptions. Similar to a previously reported case, the circular torcular Herophili with unilateral absent transverse sinus may be associated with impaired CSF absorption due to altered blood flow through abnormal venous anatomy. We performed two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic analysis of simulated flow through a synthetic model and showed that this circular configuration is associated with venous stasis. The venous stasis in the sinus may impair CSF absorption through the arachnoid granulations causing hydrocephalus and explaining the headache. Close monitoring and follow-up are recommended for patients with this variant. Further investigation is needed to better understand the clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of such torcular Herophili variations.
Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy after Endovascular Treatment: Two Case Reports
Authors: Jankovic Dragan , Tanaka Riki , Sasaki Kento , Miyatani Kyosuke , Chemate Sachin , Nakipuria Mayank , Tamura Takamitsu , Komatsu Fuminari , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kato Yoko
Published: December 2023

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare neurological complication that occurs after the use of contrast medium in various angiographic procedures. Symptoms can be different, from headache to severe neurological deficit and coma. In the articles published to date, symptoms appeared immediately after application of contrast agent or within 24 hours. Here we present two cases of patients in whom CIE developed delayed after endovascular treatment.
Higher-order methods for the Stokes equations based on the coupling of discontinuous Galerkin method and spectral deferred correction method
Authors: Li Mengqi , Liu Demin
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the spatial discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approximation coupled with the temporal spectral deferred correction (SDC) evolution for the Stokes equations is adopted to construct the higher-order discretization method. First, the artificial compressibility strategy method is used to convert the Stokes equations into the Cauchy–Kovalevskaja type equations. Second, the corresponding equations can be rewritten as a first-order system by introducing the new variable equal to the gradient of the velocity. Then, the DG and the SDC methods are properly combined to construct the expected higher-order method. Theoretically, the stability analysis of the second-order fully discrete method is proved. The numerical experiments are given to verify the effectiveness of the presented methods.
Numerical simulations of flow past a backward-facing step under a strong transverse magnetic field
Authors: Fan Yu-Chang , Chen Long , Ni Ming-Jiu
Published: December 2023

The flow of liquid metal over a backward-facing step (BFS) exhibits unique flow characteristics due to the influence of strong magnetic field. In this study, direct numerical simulation of the BFS flow under a strong magnetic field is conducted based on a quasi-two-dimensional model (with a large interaction number, N≫1, and a large Hartmann number, Ha≫1). The Reynolds number (Re), Hartmann number (Ha), and expansion ratio (ER) are investigated within the ranges of [100−80 000], [100−40 000], and [1.67−5], respectively. Three typical flow regimes are defined based on the evolution of the free shear layer vortices and the separation state of the boundary layer. Furthermore, a comprehensive flow regime map is presented for different ER, revealing a positive correlation between the critical Reynolds number (Rec1) and Ha at the onset of instability. Specifically, Rec1 is proportional to Ha0.5, Ha0.54, and Ha0.56 for ER = 5, 2.5, and 1.67, respectively. Moreover, the maximum relative thickness of the free shear layer at Hac1 appears in the range of approximately 0.7–0.78Lr for ER = 5, while for ER = 2.5, it appears in the range of approximately 0.80–0.85Lr, indicating that the instability position of the free shear layer occurs earlier for large ER. Our numerical investigation also demonstrates that an increase in the transverse magnetic field compresses the free shear layer and delays the process of vortex pairing, thereby suppressing the oscillatory behavior of the shear layer.
Fractional disclination charge as a probe in acoustical topological crystalline insulators
Authors: Zheng Taotao , Zhou Yuxiang , Lv Wenbin , Lu Kunbiao , Xu Chudong , Lu Ming-Hui
Published: December 2023

The body–boundary correspondence refers to the relationship between the body and boundary states of topological insulators (TIs). In TIs, the presence of boundary states is connected to the bulk topological properties of the material. The topology can be identified by studying the energy of the topological modes within the bulk bandgap. However, not all topological materials exhibit boundary states within the insulating energy gap. In many cases, the presence of boundary states can be hidden or masked by the bulk energy bands, making it difficult to measure TIs. Recent experiments have shown that defects, which are commonly found in crystalline materials, can be used as probes to explore higher-order topologies that have been recently realized on various platforms. These defects can generate fractional charges and stable bound states in the dispersion region, allowing us to observe the clear body–disclination correspondence. We have performed simulations using a coupled acoustic cavity system with C3 and C5 symmetries to investigate the body–disclination correspondence in topological crystal insulators (TCIs) in the field of acoustics. Simulation and theoretical results have demonstrated that defects such as disclinations can be used to probe higher-order topologies that were previously unobservable in three-dimensional structures. This approach allows us to detect fractional mode charges and stable bound states, which are crucial for understanding the topological nature of TCIs. Our work demonstrates the potential of using disclination defects to study the intricate relationship between the body and boundary states in topological materials, particularly in the context of acoustics.
Co-occurring ripple oscillations facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations in humans
Authors: Verzhbinsky Ilya A. , Rubin Daniel B. , Kajfez Sophie , Bu Yiting , Kelemen Jessica N. , Kapitonava Anastasia , Williams Ziv M. , Hochberg Leigh R. , Cash Sydney S. , Halgren Eric
Published: December 2023

How the human cortex integrates (“binds”) information encoded by spatially distributed neurons remains largely unknown. One hypothesis suggests that synchronous bursts of high-frequency oscillations (“ripples”) contribute to binding by facilitating integration of neuronal firing across different cortical locations. While studies have demonstrated that ripples modulate local activity in the cortex, it is not known whether their co-occurrence coordinates neural firing across larger distances. We tested this hypothesis using local field-potentials and single-unit firing from four 96-channel microelectrode arrays in the supragranular cortex of 3 patients. Neurons in co-rippling locations showed increased short-latency co-firing, prediction of each other’s firing, and co-participation in neural assemblies. Effects were similar for putative pyramidal and interneurons, during non-rapid eye movement sleep and waking, in temporal and Rolandic cortices, and at distances up to 16 mm (the longest tested). Increased co-prediction during co-ripples was maintained when firing-rate changes were equated, indicating that it was not secondary to non-oscillatory activation. Co-rippling enhanced prediction was strongly modulated by ripple phase, supporting the most common posited mechanism for binding-by-synchrony. Co-ripple enhanced prediction is reciprocal, synergistic with local upstates, and further enhanced when multiple sites co-ripple, supporting re-entrant facilitation. Together, these results support the hypothesis that trans-cortical co-occurring ripples increase the integration of neuronal firing of neurons in different cortical locations and do so in part through phase-modulation rather than unstructured activation.
Factors influencing the martensitic transformation in Ni–Mn–Z (Z = Ga, Sn) Heusler alloys
Authors: Manea Nafea , Welter Edmund , Priolkar K R
Published: December 2023

The martensitic transition temperature of the Ni–Mn–Z (Z = Ga, In, Sn or Sb) generally scales with the average valence electron per atom (

e

/

a

) ratio. The

e

/

a

ratio can be increased either by increasing Ni content in lieu of Mn or Z (Ni-rich) or by substituting Mn for Z (Mn-rich). While the Mn-rich alloys display the expected scaling behaviour of the martensitic transition temperature, the Ni-rich alloys, with the exception of Z = Ga alloys, do not exhibit any dependency on the e/a ratio. By carefully studying and comparing the structure, local structure and the physical properties of the Ni-rich and Mn-rich Ni–Mn–Ga and Ni–Mn–Sn alloys, the cause of the difference in behaviour is identified. The off-stoichiometry brought about by increasing the Ni or Mn content, results in the formation of a new local structural environment in addition to the Heusler-like environment. If either of the two local structural environments is martensitic, then the resulting Ni-rich or Mn-rich alloy also exhibits martensitic transformation.
Defect engineering of 1T′ MX
2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se) transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ogunkunle Samuel Akinlolu , Bouzid Assil , Hinsch Jack Jon , Allen Oscar J , White Jessica Jein , Bernard Samuel , Wu Zhenzhen , Zhu Yong , Wang Yun
Published: December 2023

The alkaline electrolyzer (AEL) is a promising device for green hydrogen production. However, their energy conversion efficiency is currently limited by the low performance of the electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As such, the electrocatalyst design for the high-performance HER becomes essential for the advancement of AELs. In this work, we used both hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl (OH) adsorption Gibbs free energy changes as the descriptors to investigate the catalytic HER performance of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in an alkaline solution. Our results reveal that the pristine sulfides showed better alkaline HER performance than their selenide counterparts. However, the activities of all pristine 1T′ TMDs are too low to dissociate water. To improve the performance of these materials, defect engineering techniques were used to design TMD-based electrocatalysts for effective HER activity. Our density functional theory results demonstrate that introducing single S/Se vacancy defects can improve the reactivities of TMD materials. Yet, the desorption of OH becomes the rate-determining step. Doping defective MoS2 with late 3d transition metal (TM) atoms, especially Cu, Ni, and Co, can regulate the reactivity of active sites for optimal OH desorption. As a result, the TM-doped defective 1T′ MoS2 can significantly enhance the alkaline HER performance. These findings highlight the potential of defect engineering technologies for the design of TMD-based alkaline HER electrocatalysts.
Quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles coating with macrophage membranes for targeted delivery in acute liver injury
Authors: Shang Jinlu , Liang Tiantian , Wei Daiqing , Qin Feiyang , Yang Jing , Ye Yun , Zhou Meiling
Published: December 2023

Quercetin (QU), a natural flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds promise in treating acute liver injury (ALI). Nonetheless, its limited solubility hampers its efficacy, and its systemic distribution lacks targeting, leading to off-target effects. To address these challenges, we developed macrophage membrane-coated quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MVs-QU-NPs) for active ALI targeting. The resulting MVs-QU-NPs exhibited a spherical morphology with a clear core–shell structure. The average size and zeta potential were assessed as 141.70 ± 0.89 nm and –31.83 ± 0.76 mV, respectively. Further studies revealed sustained drug release characteristics from MVs-QU-NPs over a continuous period of 24 h. Moreover, these MVs-QU-NPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility when tested on normal liver cells. The results of biodistribution analysis in ALI mice displayed the remarkable ALI-targeting ability of MVs-DiD-NPs, with the highest fluorescence intensity observed in liver tissue. This biomimetic approach combining macrophage membranes with nanoparticle delivery, holds great potential for targeted ALI treatment.
Signature of topology via heat transfer analysis in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model
Authors: Upadhyay Vipul , Tahir Naseem M , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E , Marathe Rahul
Published: December 2023

In this work, we explore how thermodynamics can be a potential tool for identifying the topological phase transition. Specifically, we focus on a one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chain sandwiched between two fermionic baths. To investigate distinctive thermodynamic signatures associated with the topological phase, we employ heat flow analysis. Our results, derived using a global master equation, unveil a significant suppression of heat flow as we transition from the trivial to the topological phase. This decline in heat flow can be attributed to the reduction in transmission coefficients of non-zero energy modes within the topological phase. It may serve as an indicator of a phase transition. Furthermore, we investigate the heat flow asymmetry to search for phase transition indicators. Interestingly, no asymmetry is observed when employing fermionic baths. However, upon substituting fermionic baths with bosonic ones, we report a non-zero heat flow asymmetry. For SSH model with few fermionic sites, this asymmetry is more pronounced in the topological phase compared to the trivial phase. Therefore, the observed behavior of the heat diode provides an additional means of distinguishing between the topological and trivial phases. Finally, we delve into the contributions from both bulk and edge effects in heat flow and rectification to explore the impact of small system sizes on our findings.
Offset boosting in a memristive hyperchaotic system
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Chunbiao , Lei Tengfei , Fu Haiyan , Liu Zuohua
Published: December 2023

In this article, an autonomous memristive hyperchaotic system with multi-dimensional offset boosting is constructed and analyzed. Besides this, the oscillation can be rescaled by an independent controller in the memristor. Two independent constants are obtained for offset boosting with one or two variables, which provide two modes of offset boosting, including single control and synchronous reverse control. In addition, the offset of the variables is also modified by the system bifurcation parameters or combined with amplitude control. The multistability can also be identified according to the offset boosting. Finally, circuit implementation based on PCB is proposed to confirm the numerical simulations.
Broadband THz graphene absorber with graphene and sensing of trimethylglycine concentration
Authors: Pan Zhe , Zhu Jun
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a tunable broadband terahertz absorber based on metamaterial graphene. The absorber consists of a monolayer of graphene, a dielectric layer, and a metal reflection backing. By adjusting the applied bias voltage, the unique properties of graphene are utilized to control its Fermi level. Simulation results indicate that the absorber has an absorption rate exceeding 70% between 4.2–4.8 THz, with a maximum absorption rate reaching 99.99%, and a sensitivity of 740 GHz/RIU. Compared to similar studies, this structure has significant advantages in sensitivity. Due to the symmetry of the unit structure, the absorber is insensitive to the incident angle. We applied the absorber to trimethylglycine concentration. Experimental results show that the designed absorber can accurately identify the concentration of trimethylglycine solution, detecting concentrations as low as 0.5%.
Two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure for underwater acoustic cloaking using pentamode materials
Authors: Zaremanesh Mansour , Bahrami Ali
Published: December 2023

This research article presents an innovative and novel approach to achieve underwater acoustic cloaking using a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure with pentamode materials in the kHz frequency range. Underwater acoustic cloaking holds substantial importance in various applications, such as marine engineering, imaging, and military operations, making the development of an efficient underwater acoustic shell imperative. The proposed cloak consists of a pentamode titanium material honeycomb lattice embedded in an air background, submerged in water. To attain effective camouflage and regulate the phase and energy flow, impedance matching was applied to the overall geometry of the structure. By fine-tuning the structural parameters of the cloaking shell, derived from the effective mass velocity and density for recovering reflected waves, impedance matching with water was ensured. Through simulation calculations and optimization design, the average total scattering cross-section of the acoustic cloak is determined to be 0.1. The results demonstrate that the pentamode material-based cloaking approach is not only suitable and efficient in achieving the cloaking phenomenon but also enhances operator flexibility. The operating frequency bandwidth of the acoustic cloaking system is approximately 8 kHz for lattice constant a = 5 mm. These findings pave the way for further advancements in underwater acoustic cloaking technologies.
Fast mode decision algorithm for AVS3 intra prediction
Authors: Wang Shaokang , Wu Zhihong , Xiang Guoqing , Jia Huizhu , Xie Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

AVS3 is the latest generation of video coding standard developed independently by China. It obtains 50% bitrate savings under the same visual quality as compared with the previous generation coding standard AVS2, largely due to availability of numerous new coding tools. However, these newly introduced coding tools increase the computational complexity significantly and thus severely hinder the real applications of AVS3. In light of the above, this paper presents an innovative fast intra mode decision method that exploits texture information. In particular, for each Prediction Unit (PU), the Sobel operator is employed to obtain the gradient information, which helps to produce candidate intra prediction modes. In addition, to trade off coding efficiency against computational complexity, the PU content flatness is exploited to determine the number of candidate modes. The proposed method is implemented on HPM-4.0.1, and the experimental results demonstrate that it obtains 35.2% encoding time saving with moderate compression performance loss.
Decoupling: Image occlusion removal based on image segmentation and image inpainting
Authors: Jiang Anqi , Xu Haoran
Published: December 2023

In daily photography, there are often occlusions in the picture, which affect the overall image perception, so we hope to achieve object removal through image processing. At present, this research field is relatively new, has not yet formed a completed implementation system, and most of the implementation effect is rough, this study plans to achieve object removal by combining semantic segmentation and image inpainting. This paper also compares our model qualitatively or quantitatively with existing methods and conduct ablation experiments to fully illustrate our ideas. Extensive experiments show that the method obtains fairly good object removal performance.
Application of artificial intelligence in geography
Authors: Zhou Tianyi
Published: December 2023

With the gradual maturation of artificial intelligence technology and the widespread application of machine learning technology in recent years, the research direction of geographic science has shifted dramatically. It has become an important problem in geography to efficiently and accurately mine the inherent laws for these massive, diverse and multidimensional data. Simultaneously, through an in-depth study of geographic information systems, a more reasonable layout and planning in urban and rural construction, traffic management, industrial transfer, and other aspects of human geography can be made. This paper focuses on the application of various machine learning methods in various geographical environments, such as the atmosphere, geology, hydrology, and natural disasters in natural geography. Humanities like urban and rural planning, agricultural production, and tourism geography like GIS, RS, GIS, Beidou are key study object as well.
Experimental evaluations of model-based reinforcement learning combined with MPC
Authors: Zhang Qiming
Published: December 2023

Model-based reinforcement learning has reached outstanding effects in control and decision areas with high sample efficiency compared with model-free algorithms. However, how to combine learning and planning, aiming at improving effect and reducing the cost of planning at the same time seems to be challenging in the model-based area. In this paper, several state-of-the-art model-based algorithms combined with MPC: TD-MPC, PlaNet and Dreamer, are discussed and compared. Theoretical background and features of these methods are analyzed based on the continuous control environments. This work also covers how to design model-based method for different tasks and future directions for improving performance for model-based reinforcement learning research.
An Adaptive Dehazing Network based on Dark Channel Prior and Image Segmentation
Authors: Xu Yijun
Published: December 2023

Image dehazing has always been a popular research topic in the computer vision community, which aims to analyze and process foggy images to enhance detailed information and obtain better visual effects. Previous efforts mainly follow the idea of image enhancement or image restoration. Though the performance had improved, they rely on prior knowledge and often over-processed some specific areas, especially for the sky. In this paper, an adaptive parameters optimization dehazing algorithm based on the dark channel prior was proposed. Specifically, we adopted PSO_FCM to segment the image into the foreground area, the sky area, and the edge mutation area, and assign different patch values to different regions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Colorization of gray scale images based on convolutional block attention and Pix2Pix network
Authors: Sun Jiawei
Published: December 2023

Image colorization is a key research direction in the field of computer vision, which aims to predict the color information of grayscale images and convert them into color images. Traditional image colorization methods need to provide a large number of color points to mark each object in the image. As a result of the rapid development of convolutional neural networks, image colorization methods have also improved, with deep learning methods benefiting the most. However, due to the lack of feature quality, there are still many challenges in practical applications, such as boundary blurring. In this paper, we propose a gray image colorization method based on the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Pix2Pix network. Specifically, we add the CBAM module to the U-net generator network, which helps adaptively capture sensitive features, thereby enhancing the quality of features and image coloring. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by experiments.
Prediction of breast cancer based on RF, SVM and PCA
Authors: Lou Junhan
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is often called the pink killer. The most recent statistics from the 2018 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) survey show that the incidence rate of breast cancer is 24.2%, placing it first among women’s cancers globally, with 52.9% of cases occurring in developing nations. When cells in the breast start to grow abnormally, it can lead to the formation of tumours. These tumours can be detected through X-ray imaging or felt as lumps in the breast area, so early detection and treatment are the key to reducing the mortality rate of breast cancer. In this paper, machine learning techniques are employed to construct a breast cancer prediction model using the breast cancer dataset. Different algorithms were utilized in this paper, e.g., 3 machine learning algorithms - Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) - were utilized to build models for this task. The resulting models achieved impressive performance metrics, with accuracy rates of 94%, 97%, and 96% respectively. The author also finds that some features in the data are insignificant for prediction, and discarding them can lead to faster training time. However, more data is needed to achieve better performance in actual scenarios. These models can help doctors diagnose breast cancer more quickly and accurately.
B-spline method for second order RLC closed series circuit with small inductance value
Authors: Govindarao L. , Sekar E.
Published: December 2023

In this article, we investigates the application of RLC closed series electric circuits. We form the second order linear differential equations for an electric circuit depends upon the Kirchhoffs Voltage laws. A circuit containing an inductance L or capacitor C and resistor R with current and voltage variable given by boundary value problem. Then we use the cubic B-spline functions on graded mesh to solve second order linear boundary value problems. This method gives the second ordered convergent. Numerical results (charge q) for different cases of L are presented and compared with exact solutions in the table form.
For higher accuracy: 3D eye movement gaze depth estimation method based on Mix-TCN
Authors: Zhu Changxu
Published: December 2023

Currently, the biggest obstacle in applying eye tracking technology in Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) scenes is the particular difficulty in choosing distance and object distance in 3D scenes. In previous research, geometric calculation methods using vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) and research on binocular visual angle have been studied to some extent, but unfortunately, their effects have not reached a practical level. The paper proposes a new research idea to estimate the depth of binocular gaze using a method of time series eye movement data analysis based on depth learning, and proposes a Mix-Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) optical time series network. By combining VOR and deep learning theory, the paper has realized the current state-of-the-art technology for estimating the depth of gaze from the movement of the gaze.
Reproductive and production performances of pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) produced by thermal shock spawning method
Authors: Kusmiatun A , Sufiati A , Utami D A S
Published: December 2023

Pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) hatchery faces several problems including low larval survival and slow larval growth. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive and production performances of pearl oyster obtained from the breeding of silver and mixed populations through thermal shock spawning method. Two breeding types applied consisted of silver and mixed population breeding. Each breeding type was conducted in two experiments as the replication. The spawning method used in this study was thermal shock spawning method. Pearl oyster larvae hatched were stocked into a container with a stocking density of 3-4 individuals m-3. Live feed administered to larvae included Chaetoceros calcitrans, Isocrysis galbana, and Pavlova lutheri. The parameters observed included Fertilization Rate (FR), Hatching Rate (HR), Survival Rate (SR), and water quality. The silver population showed a higher reproductive performance with higher FR (35.56 ± 3.29%) and HR (81.63 ± 2.87%) than those of mixed population (35.03 ± 1.72%; 54.51 ± 0.32%). The silver population (45 ± 5%) resulted in a higher SR compared to mixed population (43 ± 2%). In conclusion, the silver population breeding provided higher reproductive and production performances, so one population breeding can be applied to achieve a high production in pearl oyster hatchery.
Diversity, distribution and abundance of hymenopteran from different landscapes of Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Yahaya I N S , Khalid N J , Ibrahim N A , Nizam N A , Naser N B M , Yusof N N M , Kamarudin S H , Zazi N M , Hatta S K M
Published: December 2023

A study on the diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera in Kuala Keniam National Park was conducted using Malaise traps. Three study sites were established namely the forest fringe, the mid forest and the inner forest. A total of 353 individuals were collected, belonging to 11 families and 46 morphospecies. The most abundant was found in the forest fringe with 177 individuals and the inner forest recorded the least with 71 individuals. Formicidae was the most abundant family with 176 individuals while Halictidae and Diapridae recorded the least with only two individuals. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) showed that the middle forest had the highest value with H’=1.67 while the evenness index (E’) was the highest at the mid forest with E’= 0.53 and the Margalef richness index (R’) recorded the same value for the forest fringe and the middle forest with R’= 1.93. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference in the distribution of hymenopteran families among all the traps, with P<0.05 due to the changes of flowering plants’ density, precipitation and humidity. The findings will contribute to the existing knowledge of Hymenoptera diversity in Malaysia and aid in the conservation efforts of Kuala Keniam National Park.
Larval instars determination for the twig borer weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes in Moluccas, Indonesia
Authors: Sitanggang P B U , Hidayat P , Kusumah Y M , Leatemia J A , Bitume E V , Johnson M T
Published: December 2023

In establishing an integrated pest control strategy, it is important first to discover the life history of a potential agent, including the number of larval instars. The snout-weevil of the tribe Ithyporini Genus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a holometabolous insect that attacks Falcataria moluccana, a native tree of the Moluccas (Maluku), Indonesia. Preliminary observations show that their larvae feed and develop as a twig borer, making direct observation of their development complicated. This study aimed to determine the number of larval instars by measuring the head capsule width (HCW) and the growth pattern of larvae. As many as 940 larvae of all sizes were collected from three islands in Maluku Province: Ambon, Seram, and Haruku. Kernel density estimation (KDE) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) were used for data analysis. The growth instars were verified using Brooks-Dyar’s rule. The results indicated four peaks in the frequency distribution from KDE, and cluster four showed the best-fit model from GMM. The growth ratio of HCW was 1.47, which also agrees with Brooks-Dyar’s rule that the growth ratio was consistent and followed a constant geometric. Thus, this research concluded that there were four instars for Ithyporini Gen. sp. larvae.
Characterization of medicinal Ganoderma of GKR7 isolate based on cultural, morphological, and molecular characters
Authors: Sari O Y , Sudirman L I , Wahyudi S T
Published: December 2023

Ganoderma has commonly known as traditional medicinal mushroom. The GKR7 fruiting body of Ganoderma has been tested for antimicrobial activity against EPEC-antibiotic resistant strains and has shown great inhibition. However, the pure culture and fruiting body of the GKR7 have not been characterized. This study aimed to characterize the GKR7 based on its cultural features, fruiting body morphology, and molecular analysis. Cultural features and fruiting body morphology were determined by describing macroscopic and microscopic characteristics while molecular analysis was performed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS5/ITS4) region sequencing. The culture showed white then yellow or brown colonies. Hyphal features showed septate, hyaline, dichotomous branches, and having clamp-connection. Oxidation test with gallic/tannic acid formed dark discoloured areas under the colony mat indicating as white rot fungi. The fruiting body which cultivated in Albasia (Albizia falcataria) wood sawdust had hard corky to woody basidioma, dark brown stipe, shell-like pileus, upper surface of pileus white then reddish brown and lower surface yellowish white with irregular circular pores, and hyaline-brown double-walled truncate basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the GKR7 clustered in the same species clade as Ganoderma sichuanense. Based on its characteristics, the GKR7 was identified as G. sichuanense which was first reported in Indonesia.
New distribution record of Hippoid crabs on Bali strait, Indonesia
Authors: Susilo V E , Wardiatno Y , Farajallah A , Wowor D
Published: December 2023

Hippoidea are known as sand crabs or mole crabs. The distribution of these crabs in Indonesia is found in the Sundaland and the eastern region bounded by the Wallacea line. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of Hippoidea’s species in Bali Strait. The crab collection was carried out in the Bali Strait during 2 weeks in May 2023. The collection of mole crab in Bomo and Blimbingsari beaches, Banyuwangi and Watu Ulo Beach Regency East Java. Sample collection was done in the morning between 6:00-10:00 am using hands pickup and fishing bait. All of the crab samples that were successfully collected were documented on the beach sand as a photo background, then preserved in 96%. Based on the morphological identification, there were 2 species of mole crab, namely Hippa adactyla (n=11) individuals, and Albunea symysta (4) individuals. The species found on the Blimbingsari beach was only H. adactyla (5). The species from Watu Ulo Beach were 2 species Hippa adactyla (n=8) individuals, and Albunea symysta (1) individuals. These results show a new distribution and record in the central part of Indonesia, especially at the boundary of the Wallacea line.
Species discrimination power of ITS DNA barcoding on Tristaniopsis species on Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Prihatini I , Widyatmoko A Y P B C , Nurtjahjaningsih I L G , Haryjanto L , Hadiyan Y
Published: December 2023

The rDNA ITS barcoding marker has been widely used for plant identification, along with other primers for the chloroplast sequence region. This study applied the ITS primer to discriminate Tristaniopsis spp. on Bangka Island. Twelve leaf samples were collected from five community forests in Bangka district. The pairwise distance between sequences calculated using Kimura’s two parameters in MEGA11 revealed that pelawan air is different from other pelawan specimens (1.58–2.1%), while pelawan orange and pelawan merah specimens showed low variation (0–0.78%). There is a barcoding gap in the application of the ITS markers (full-length ITS including 5.8s, ITS1, and ITS2) for Tristaniopsis, which is shown by the higher value of minimum interspecific divergence than the value of maximum interspecific divergence for all three regions. Phylogeny trees constructed from the nucleotide sequence of 12 pelawan and other related taxa clustered pelawan merah and pelawan orange together and separated them from pelawan air.
Wings geo-morphometrical differences based on geographic distance of Aedes aegypti from Southeast Aceh District Sumatra and Sleman District Java
Authors: Astuti R R U N W , Umri W N S , Illahi A N
Published: December 2023

Aedes aegypti is a mosquito species that is the main vector of dengue, zika, and chikungunya infection. Indonesia is a tropical country with great potential for transmission of Mosquito-Borne Disease. Geo-morphometric analysis is an approach method to evaluate the correlation between shape and the environmental variables that affect to mosquitoes, and to identify variations in mosquito populations by geographical conditions and various types of habitats. The purpose of this study was to determine the geomorphometric differences in the Ae. aegypti population from Southeast Aceh District and Sleman District Yogyakarta as well as examining the environmental conditions and factors that might be affecting wings geomorphometry variations. Eggs collection was carried out with ovitraps at both sampling locations. Eggs were hatched till the mature state, at the age of 3rd days, wings preparation is carried out. Digitization and analysis were performed using GM analysis program (Xyom.io). Significant differences (α; p<0.001) were shown in the size and shape of the wings and the distance of mahalanobis of the Ae. aegypti from Southeast Aceh and Sleman District. The results revealed that mosquitoes from the two districts are not closely related.
Citizen science contribution in herpetofauna data collection in Java
Authors: Fauzia A M , Kusrini M D , Prasetyo L B
Published: December 2023

Biodiversity distribution data is essential as it is the basis for policies, development plans, and laws. Citizen science, which involves public participation in scientific research, has become a popular method for researchers to gather scientific data with the help of volunteers, including biodiversity distribution data. “Amfibi Reptil Kita” (ARK) is one of the citizen science projects on the iNaturalist platform that collects herpetofauna data in Indonesia. Earlier investigations into the distribution of herpetofauna data in Java and Bali involved utilizing museum collections and reports based on observations and research. A comparative analysis was performed between previous research data and information sourced from ARK, aiming to evaluate the extent of citizen science’s contribution to data compilation. This study only compares the distribution data on the island of Java. The data is presented in a grid format measuring 5x5 km as the smallest unit in the study. Citizen science data is more evenly distributed than the previous research. Although previous research had more filled grids compared to citizen science, the span of previous research is 113 years compared to 5 years data of citizen science. Nevertheless, citizen science, with all its conveniences, has high potential in collecting biodiversity distribution data.
The feeding behavior and food preferences of siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor
Authors: Dewi D P , Iskandar E , Perwitasari-Farajallah D
Published: December 2023

Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) is a diurnal primate that belongs to the endangered category, according to the IUCN. Siamangs are classified as arboreal and frugivorous animals that selectively choose food. Siamang’s food preferences tend to be determined by the fruit availability in its habitat. One of the efforts to protect siamangs is ex-situ conservation. Feeding in ex-situ conservation should be adjusted to provide in their natural habitat. This study aims to identify siamang’s feeding behavior and food preferences in one of the ex-situ conservation facilities, namely Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. The objects of observation consisted of two adult males, one adult female, and one sub-adult female. The methods used were instantaneous sampling, focal animal sampling, and ad-libitum sampling—statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA and Two-Way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. The frequency and duration of siamang feeding behavior differed significantly between age classes, while no difference was based on sex. Food preferences among individuals are influenced by gender. Males prefer fruits such as apples and salak over vegetables, while females prefer soft-stemmed vegetables, namely water spinach and spinach.
Genetic relationship of kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) from South Kalimantan and Riau based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Hayati A N , Poerwanto R , Duminil J , Matra D D
Published: December 2023

Mangifera casturi Kosterm is one of the endemic fruits from South Kalimantan. It belongs to the genus Mangifera of the Anacardiaceae family. This study aimed to analyze the genetic relationship of Mangifera casturi from South Kalimantan and Riau using microsatellite markers. Fourteen Mangifera casturi accessions were amplified using fourteen microsatellite loci, and the data produced was utilized to evaluate the genetic relationship. DNA amplification using the multiplex PCR method with fluorescence-labeled dyes on the forward primer will be detected using capillary electrophoresis. Forty-two alleles were obtained from the fourteen loci, averaging three per locus. The observed heterozygosity value (Ho) is 0.24, which is lower than the expected heterozygosity value (He), with an average of 0.48. The fourteen-microsatellite fixation index (FIS) loci ranged between –0.876 and 1. The average Polymorphic information content (PIC) value is 0.39, with the highest found in MC58089 loci (0.65), indicating the SSR marker loci are informative for revealing genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method was constructed into four groups. Kasturi mango from Riau is closely related to Pelipisan and Cuban cultivars from South Kalimantan.