bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Additive Combination for Dairy Calves After Weaning Has a Modulating Effect on the Profile of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Rumen and Fecal Microbiota
Authors: Dos Santos Tainara Leticia , Favaretto Jorge Augusto Rosina , Brunetto Andrei Lucas Rebelatto , Zatti Emerson , Marchiori Maiara Sulzbach , Pereira Wanderson Adriano Biscola , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Da Silva Aleksandro S.
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to verify whether adding a combination of additives (blend) to the diet of dairy calves after weaning can improve animal performance and health and influence the profile of ruminal short-chain fatty acids and intestinal microbiota. Methods: We used 35 Holstein calves, males, with an average age of 70 days and an average body weight of 68 kg. The treatments used were negative control (T-0: without additive), positive control (T-Control: flavomycin + monensin), T-500 (500 g blend/ton), T-1000 (1000 g blend/ton), and T-1500 (1500 g blend/ton). The additives were classified as zootechnical (probiotics, prebiotics, and essential oils of cinnamon and oregano) and nutritional additive (minerals). Results: Weight gain and daily weight gain were higher for calves in the T-Control, T-500, and T-1000 groups. The concentration of heavy-chain immunoglobulins was higher in the blood of calves in the T-Control and T-500 groups when compared to the other groups. In the T-1500 groups, higher levels of reactive oxygen species were observed, while, in the T-0 and T-1500 groups, higher levels of TBARS and glutathione S-transferase activity were detected. The 15 abundant microorganisms in the calves’ feces, regardless of treatment, were Treponema suis, Treponema saccharophilum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Pseudoflavonifractor sp., Roseburia faecis, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae_f, Clostridium sp., Roseburia intestinalis, Aeromonadales_o, Prevotella copri, Treponema succinifaciens, Eubacterium sp., Treponema porcium, and Succinivibrio sp. The T-1000 group showed greater alpha diversity for the intestinal microbiota than T-Control, T-0, and T-500. The additive combination (T-1000) increased the bacterial activity in the ruminal fluid, and the animals of T-1000 had a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids compared to T-0 and T-1500; this difference is because, in these calves, the production of acetic, butyric, and propionic acid increased. Conclusions: The combination of additives had positive effects on animal health, ruminal volatile fatty acid production, and intestinal microbiota, resulting in animals with more significant weight gain and feed efficiency.
Analysis of the Polyculture Model of the Bivalves Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri in Suspension Cages in Shallow Seas
Authors: Zhao Chunnuan , Ren Liqun , Xu Shuai , Wu Yuping , Han Haiying , Li Bo , Zheng Yanxin , Chen Yang , Wang Xiwen , Fan Nini , Li Junjie , Xie Chaoyi , Cai Shuai , Yu Tao
Published: October 2024

This study examined the survival rates of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri with varying heights throughout winter and summer aquaculture periods under varying ratios of mixed-culture conditions in marine environments. The aim was to assess the viability and economic advantages of mixed-culture practices among different bivalve species. Results indicate that the winter (from December to February of the following year) mortality rate for A. broughtonii in mixed culture ranges from 12.04% to 16.85%, markedly lower than in single-species cultures. Mixed-culture A. broughtonii measuring 2.5–4.0 cm exhibit a significantly reduced summer (from July to September) mortality rate compared to those in single-species cultures (p < 0.05). No significant mortality difference was observed between the monoculture and polyculture of C. farreri. Growth rates of C. farreri and A. broughtonii showed no significant differences between monoculture and polyculture conditions. The optimal size for combining two different species of bivalves is 2.5 cm, with a 1:1 ratio being the most effective. An equal number of seedlings were cultivated across various seawater aquaculture systems for a period of one year. The survival rates of monoculture seedlings of Anadara broughtonii and Chlamys farreri were 60.34% and 86.55%, respectively. In contrast, polyculture seedlings exhibited higher survival rates after one year of mariculture, with Anadara broughtonii at 73.36% and Chlamys farreri at 89.74%. The polyculture of A. broughtonii and C. farreri in suspension cages demonstrates a favorable input–output ratio of 1:2.02. This approach effectively reduces winter and summer mortality rates of A. broughtonii, representing an efficient new method for marine bivalve aquaculture.
Tissue-Specific Toxicity in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caused by Combined Exposure to Triphenyltin and Norfloxacin
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Li Luoxin , Zhang Siqi , Yin Minghao , Li Tengzhou , Zeng Bianhao , Liu Ling , Li Ping , Li Zhihua
Published: October 2024

Triphenyltin (TPT) is a commonly encountered organotin compound known for its endocrine-disrupting properties; it frequently interacts with antibiotics in aquatic environments. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (17.43 ± 4.34 g, 11.84 ± 0.88 cm) were chosen as the experimental organisms. According to the environmental concentration in the heavily polluted area, the control group and the experimental groups were exposed for 21 days to the following treatments: 1 μg/L TPT, 1 mg/L NOR, and a combination of 1 μg/L TPT plus 1 mg/L NOR. The investigation examined the individual and combined toxicities of TPT and norfloxacin (NOR) on the gill, liver, and gut tissues of common carp in highly polluted areas. The findings revealed tissue-specific variations in 1L-1β enzyme activity; specifically, 1L-1β enzyme activity exhibited a significant reduction in liver tissue under both NOR exposure and combined exposure, indicating that high concentrations of NOR had the most pronounced impact on the immune system of liver tissue. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of IL-1β, Lysozyme-C, NKA, and CPT1 in the liver, intestinal, and gill tissues showed differences after exposure. In addition, TPT exerted the most significant effect on intestinal tissue, followed by the liver and gill tissues. Interestingly, when TPT and NOR were exposed together, the toxic effects on all tissues were reduced, suggesting the existence of antagonistic effects.
Relationship with Nut Consumption for Breakfast and Postprandial Glucose, Insulin, Triglyceride Responses: A Preliminary Study from Türkiye
Authors: Ozger Ipek Agaca , Kose Gizem , Bas Murat , Oruc Sena , Hajhamidiasl Ladan , Yilmaz Salim
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of adding nuts to a regular breakfast on blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels, and to evaluate participants’ opinions by sex as a preliminary study for future studies. Data and biochemical parameters were collected through face-to-face interviews with Acibadem Hospital employees (n = 12) between April and September 2023. Participants consumed 30 g of nut-supplemented breakfasts for 4 weeks while maintaining their regular lifestyle. Blood tests and visual analog scale (VAS) parameters were assessed on intervention days. VAS scores indicated differences in meal taste, post-breakfast well-being, satiety, and meal adequacy, and for “feeling better after breakfast”, and “providing better satiety”, were significantly higher for the nut-supplemented breakfasts (p < 0.05), especially walnut-supplemented. Under the control of age, sex, and BMI variables in the participants, women responded better to peanut butter consumption than men in terms of blood insulin and triglyceride regulation (p < 0.05). However, triglyceride regulation in men was better managed by walnut consumption than in women. Understanding how nut-supplemented breakfasts impact blood glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels, as well as consumer perceptions, is crucial for promoting healthier dietary choices.
Innovative Pathogen Reduction in Exported Sea Bass Through Atmospheric Cold Plasma Technology
Authors: Tosun Şehnaz Yasemin , Kartal Sehban , Akan Tamer , Mol Sühendan , Coşansu Serap , Üçok Didem , Ulusoy Şafak , Doğruyol Hande , Bostan Kamil
Published: October 2024

The safety of sea bass is critical for the global food trade. This study evaluated the effectiveness of atmospheric cold plasma in reducing food safety risks posed by Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes, which can contaminate sea bass post harvest. Cold plasma was applied to inoculated sea bass for 2 to 18 min, achieving a maximum reduction of 1.43 log CFU/g for S. Enteritidis and 0.80 log CFU/g for L. monocytogenes at 18 min. Longer treatments resulted in greater reductions; however, odor and taste quality declined to a below average quality in samples treated for 12 min or longer. Plasma treatment did not significantly alter the color, texture, or water activity (aw) of the fish. Higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs) were observed with increased exposure times. Cold plasma was also tested in vitro on S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes on agar surfaces. A 4 min treatment eliminated the initial loads of S. Enteritidis (2.71 log CFU) and L. monocytogenes (2.98 log CFU). The findings highlight the potential of cold plasma in enhancing the safety of naturally contaminated fish. Cold plasma represents a promising technology for improving food safety in the global fish trade and continues to be a significant area of research in food science.
Properties of Guar Gum/Pullulan/Loquat Leaf Extract Green Composite Packaging in Enhancing the Preservation of Chinese Water Chestnut Fresh-Cut Fruit
Authors: Tan Kok Bing , Zheng Meixia , Lin Junyan , Zhu Yujing , Zhan Guowu , Chen Jianfu
Published: October 2024

Loquat leaf extract (LLE) was added to guar gum and pullulan as an environmentally friendly packaging film (GPE) to preserve Chinese water chestnuts (CWCs). The effect of the amount of LLE on the guar gum/pullulan composite film was investigated. The optimal amount of LLE was 4% (GPE4), with lower water vapor permeability (WVP) and greater mechanical strength, antioxidant, and comparable antibacterial performance than many pullulan-based films. Upon packing the CWCs for 4 days, the weight loss rate of GPE4 was only 1.80 ± 0.05%. For GPE4, the POD activity, the soluble solid content, and the vitamin C (Vc) content of the CWCs were 21.61%, 36.16%, and 26.22% higher than those of the control sample, respectively. More importantly, GPE4 was effective in preserving the quality of CWCs after 4 days of storage, better or at least comparable to non-biodegradable plastic wrapping (PE). Therefore, it can be concluded that GPE films hold significant promise as a sustainable alternative packaging material for preserving fruit-based foods like CWCs, potentially replacing PE in the future.
Properties of Rennet Gels from Retentate Produced by Cold Microfiltration of Heat-Treated and Microfiltered Skim Milk
Authors: Kowalik Jarosław , Tarapata Justyna , Lobacz Adriana , Zulewska Justyna
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the production of rennet gels from β-casein-depleted retentates obtained through cold microfiltration (MF) of skim milk (SM) that was treated beforehand to ensure microbial safety. The treatments included thermization (65 °C, 20 s), pasteurization (72 °C, 15 s), and microfiltration (50 °C; 1.4 μm pore size). The reduction in β-casein content was 0.98, 0.51 and 0.90%, respectively. All treatments resulted in the partial aggregation of serum proteins, which were slightly concentrated in the retentates obtained post cold MF process. This aggregation, along with concentration effect, likely inhibited β-casein dissociation from casein micelles and permeation, particularly in pasteurized milk. Renneting and coagulation properties of the retentates were comparable to those of the respective SM samples, with no significant differences in syneresis, water-holding capacity, or protein hydration. Notably, the retentate from thermized SM, which showed the best performance with the highest β-casein reduction (0.98%), demonstrated shorter coagulation time compared to retentate from pasteurized milk or the corresponding unfiltered SM. Textural analysis revealed greater firmness, cohesiveness, and viscosity of retentate-based rennet gels compared to gels made from unfiltered SM, attributed to protein concentration during cold MF. Overall, this study successfully produced rennet gels from cold MF retentates without compromising their physicochemical properties.
CP Violation: Differing Binding Energy Levels of Quarks and Antiquarks, and Their Transitions in Λ-Baryons and B-Mesons
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M. , Kazanas Demosthenes
Published: October 2024

We consider spontaneous quark transitions between the Λ0 baryon and its resonant states, and (anti)quark transitions between the neutral kaon K0 and the two heavy ηq-mesons (q = c, b). The measured differences in mass deficits are used to calculate the binding energy levels of valence c and b (anti)quarks in these transitions. The method takes into account the isospin energy release in K0 transitions and the work conducted by the strong force in suppressing internal Coulomb repulsions that develop in the charged Λc+-baryon. We find that the flips s→c and s¯→c¯ both release energy back to the strong field and that the overall range of quark energy levels above their u-ground is 100-MeV wider than that of antiquark energy levels above their d¯-ground. The wider quark range stems from the flip s→b, which costs 283 MeV more (or 3× more) than the corresponding antiquark flip s¯→b¯. At the same time, transitions from the respective ground states to the s and s¯ states (or the c and c¯ states) point to a clear origin of the elusive charge-parity (CP) violation. The determined binding energy levels of (anti)quarks allow us to analyze in depth the (anti)quark transitions in Λ-baryons and B-mesons.
Deep Learning-Based Anomaly Detection in Occupational Accident Data Using Fractional Dimensions
Authors: Akgüller Ömer , Batrancea Larissa M. , Balcı Mehmet Ali , Tuna Gökhan , Nichita Anca
Published: October 2024

This study examines the effectiveness of Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE) and Variational Autoencoder (VAE) models in detecting anomalies within occupational accident data from the Mining of Coal and Lignite (NACE05), Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment (NACE30), and Manufacture of Basic Metals (NACE24) sectors. By applying fractional dimension methods—Box Counting, Hall–Wood, Genton, and Wavelet—we aim to uncover hidden risks and complex patterns that traditional time series analyses often overlook. The results demonstrate that the VAE model consistently detects a broader range of anomalies, particularly in sectors with complex operational processes like NACE05 and NACE30. In contrast, the CAE model tends to focus on more specific, moderate anomalies. Among the fractional dimension methods, Genton and Hall–Wood reveal the most significant differences in anomaly detection performance between the models, while Box Counting and Wavelet yield more consistent outcomes across sectors. These findings suggest that integrating VAE models with appropriate fractional dimension methods can significantly enhance proactive risk management in high-risk industries by identifying a wider spectrum of safety-related anomalies. This approach offers practical insights for improving safety monitoring systems and contributes to the advancement of data-driven occupational safety practices. By enabling earlier detection of potential hazards, the study supports the development of more effective safety policies, and could lead to substantial improvements in workplace safety outcomes.
An Experimental Study of the Emission Characteristics and Soot Emission of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in an Industrial Burner
Authors: Kondor István Péter , Kun Krisztián
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the environmental emission effects and combustion properties of burning different types of FAME biodiesel fuels in an industrial oil burner. These burner heads are used in many areas of industry for heating various boilers and tube furnaces. The fuels used, the area of use, the emission norm values, and the climatic conditions are key factors in this investigation. In this research, two plant-based oils are examined, the properties of which have been compared to standard commercial heating oil. The raw material of the two tested bio-based components was rapeseed. The main gas emission parameters CO, THC, CO2, O2, HC, water content, and consumption data were measured. The measurements were performed in an AVL engine brake platform infrastructure, where gas emissions were measured with an AVL AMA i60 FTIR emission gas analyzer, fuel consumption was meticulously gauged using a fuel flow meter, fuel temperature was monitored using an AVL 745 fuel temperature conditioning system, and air consumption was measured with an AVL Flowsonix intake air flow meter. The measurement results showed that both tested biofuels can be burned stably in industrial oil burners, have favorable properties in terms of ignition and flame extinction tendencies, and there is no significant difference in emission parameters compared to standard fuel oil.
Pedestrian Interaction with a Novel Urban Light Rail Vehicle: Implications for Multi-Modal Crash Compatibility Standards
Authors: Bethell Callum J. D. , Sharma Shubham , Winnett James , Hughes Darren J.
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the risk to Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) from a novel light rail vehicle using the pedestrian impact scenario outlined in CEN/TR 17420. At a 20 km/h impact speed, a maximum head impact criterion (HIC15) value of 15.9 was obtained for a 50th-percentile anthropometric test device (ATD), with this value increasing to 120.2 at 30 km/h impact speed. Both results are within the CEN/TR 17420 prescribed limit of 1000. In both cases, the vehicle does not fully comply with CEN/TR 17420 recommendations due to insufficient lateral displacement of the ATD post-impact. A vehicle front-end design—which would be exempt from the CEN/TR 17420 impact testing—was designed and tested to the same framework. Despite being formally exempt from testing, the design also did not fully comply with CEN/TR 17420 lateral displacement requirements. Critical evaluation of the CEN/TR 17420 framework is presented, leading to recommendations about how updated frameworks should take a pragmatic approach in how they define VRUs, and the measurement criteria used for assessing VRU risk in collisions. Discussions are presented considering whether alternative frameworks, such as the Bus Safety Standard, should be applicable to assess the safety of the novel light rail vehicle.
Developing a Mobility as a Service Status Index: A Quantitative Approach Using Mobility Market and Macroeconomic Metrics
Authors: Fian Tabea , Hauger Georg
Published: October 2024

Despite the growing adoption of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in urban transportation systems, standard monitoring methods for evaluating its impact and effectiveness still need to be developed. This study proposes a quantitative state of MaaS analysis based on mobility market indicators and macroeconomic metrics to generate a MaaS Status Index (MSI). The intention is to introduce a standardised quantitative methodology for systematically assessing and comparing the state of MaaS in urban mobility systems. The MSI aims to quantitatively capture the economic, social, technological, and infrastructural conditions relevant to MaaS implementation. The methodology includes four steps: identifying relevant mobility markets, defining mobility market metrics, integrating macroeconomic metrics, and deriving the MSI formula. We apply the MSI methodology to the Austrian mobility market as a case study, demonstrating its practicality in assessing MaaS readiness and highlighting specific challenges and opportunities within the Austrian mobility system. The analysis covers the present (2017–2022) and the projected future (2023–2028). The findings indicate that the proposed MSI is an effective tool for evaluating the readiness of MaaS implementation.
Harmonizing Innovations: An In-Depth Comparative Review on the Formulation, Applications, and Future Perspectives of Aerogels and Hydrogels in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Alaghawani Nour Alhuda , Alkhatib Hala , Elmancy Layla , Daou Anis
Published: October 2024

Gels, specifically hydrogels and aerogels, have emerged as versatile materials with profound implications in pharmaceutical sciences. This comprehensive review looks into detail at hydrogels and aerogels, providing a general introduction to gels as a foundation. The paper is then divided into distinct sections for hydrogels and aerogels, each delving into their unique formulations, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In the realm of hydrogels, we scrutinize the intricacies of formulation, highlighting the versatile advantages they offer. Conversely, potential limitations are explored, paving the way for a detailed discussion on their applications, with a specific focus on their role in antimicrobial applications. Shifting focus to aerogels, a thorough overview is presented, followed by a detailed explanation of the complex formulation process involving sol–gel chemistry; aging; solvent exchange; and drying techniques, including freeze drying, supercritical drying, and ambient-pressure drying (APD). The intricacies of drug loading and release from aerogels are addressed, providing insights into their pharmaceutical potential. The advantages and disadvantages of aerogels are examined, accompanied by an exploration of their applications, with a specific emphasis on antimicrobial uses. The review culminates in a comparative analysis, juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogels and aerogels. Furthermore, the current research and development trends in the applications of these gels in pharmaceutical sciences are discussed, providing a holistic view of their potential and impact. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts, seeking a deeper understanding of the distinctive attributes and applications of hydrogels and aerogels in the ever-evolving research concerning pharmaceutical sciences.
The Effect of Acetic Acid as a Solvent on the Structure and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)—Based Dried Gels
Authors: Zhuikov Vsevolod , Zhuikova Yulia
Published: October 2024

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoate that is widely used in biomedical applications. In this study, we investigated the use of acetic acid (aa) as an alternative environmentally friendly solvent for the preparation of gels from PHB (PHB aa) and compared their characteristics with PHB products dissolved in chloroform (PHB chl) using such methods as DSC, FTIR, SEM, rheometry, biodegradation, and cytocompatibility assay. A slight decrease in the degree of the crystallinity of the PHB from 61% to 50.8% was found when the acetic acid was used. This resulted in a greater mass loss for the PHB aa (11%) during enzymatic degradation over 180 days. Gels prepared from PHB in the different solvents showed differences in the microstructure and porosity of the samples, which affected their viscoelastic properties. The storage modulus (G′) for the PHB aa gels was higher by 35% compared to that for the PHB chl, and Young’s modulus in compression was 101.5 and 41.3 kPa for the PHB aa and PHB chl, respectively. The porosity of the PHB aa was 97.7%, which was 5.2% higher than that for the PHB chl. The presence of low molecular weight polymers in the PHB aa had an effect on mesenchymal stem cells’ viability, expressed as a threefold increase in the number of attached cells after 7 days of incubation compared to the PHB chl. Thus, the proposed method of PHB-based materials’ preparation is a promising, more environmentally friendly analog of the extensively used method of preparation from chloroform.
Development of Personalised Immediate-Release Gel-Based Formulations Using Semi-Solid Extrusion
Authors: Aina Morenikeji , Baillon Fabien , Sescousse Romain , Sanchez-Ballester Noelia M. , Begu Sylvie , Soulairol Ian , Sauceau Martial
Published: October 2024

Precision in dosing is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and preventing overdosing, especially in preterm infants. Traditional manual adjustments to adapt the dose often lead to inaccuracies, contamination risks, and reduced precision. To overcome these challenges, semi-solid extrusion 3D printing was used to create personalised gel-based caffeine dosage forms. The hydrogels, made from agar and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, demonstrated excellent rheological properties, ensuring uniform extrusion and accurate shape retention during and after printing. This gel formulation allowed for precise adjustments of caffeine volume and content tailored to a neonate weighing 1.36 kg, achieving a recovery of 103.46%, well within acceptable limits. Additionally, three production batches confirmed the process’s reproducibility with minimal variability. Forced degradation studies showed that both pure caffeine and caffeine in the gel matrix exhibited similar stability profiles, confirming the drug’s chemical integrity. The printed gel dosage forms also displayed immediate-release characteristics, with over 80% of caffeine released within 45 min, highlighting their suitability for rapid therapeutic action. These findings emphasise the potential of SSE 3DP and gel-based formulations to produce personalised drug delivery systems with high precision, reproducibility, and reliability.
Population Characteristics of the Spectrum and Frequencies of CFTR Gene Mutations in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia)
Authors: Ayupova Guzel , Litvinov Sergey , Akhmetova Vita , Minniakhmetov Ildar , Mokrysheva Natalia , Khusainova Rita
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders worldwide. The incidence of CF depends on the prevalence of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) mutations in the population, which is determined by genetic diversity and ethnicity. Methods: The search for the causes of mutations in the transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) was carried out using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina platform in patients with cystic fibrosis from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia), taking into account the ethnic structure of the sample. Results: A total of 35 distinct causal variants were found in 139 cases from 129 families. Five (F508del, E92K, 3849+10kbC>T, CFTRdele2.3, L138ins) explain 78.7% of identified CF causal alleles. Variants N13103K and 394delTT were found in four families each. Variants 2143delT, S1196X, W1282X, Y84X, G194R, and 1525-1G>A, as well as the two previously described complex alleles—c. [S466X; R1070Q] and str.[G509D;E217G]—were found in two or three families each. Twenty additional variants occurred only once. Variant c.3883_3888dup has not been described previously. Thus, regional and ethnic features were identified in the spectrum of frequencies of pathogenic variants of the CFTR gene in the three major sub-groups of patients—Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs. Conclusions: Taking into account these results, highlighting the genetic specificity of the region, a more efficient search for CFTR mutations in patients can be performed. In particular it is possible to choose certain test kits for quick and effective genetic screening before use of NGS sequencing.
Evaluating the Hematological Parameter Alterations Induced by Mavyret in Chronic Hepatitis Patients
Authors: Constantinescu Alina Maria , Suciu Ramona Nicoleta , Andrei Antal Ioan , John Harrie Toms , Ferician Anca , Negrut Nicoleta , Manole Felicia
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant threat to people with persistent infections. In recent years, the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been transformed significantly with the use of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs). Hematological changes are seen in patients suffering from CHC due to both the disease and its therapy. This study aims to address the gaps in knowledge by thoroughly evaluating the hematological parameter alterations in CHC patients treated with Mavyret. Methods: This study reported that it took place over six months in 2024 on 101 patients observed at the gastroenterology department of Pitesti County Hospital in Romania, who had confirmed diagnoses of CHC and who were receiving the DAA Mavyret. Results: The values of leukocytes significantly decreased after treatment (8.69 ± 2.96 vs. 7.93 ± 1.78, p = 0.009). Similarly, neutrophils showed a statistically significant decrease after using Mavyret (5.45 ± 2.06 vs. 4.91 ± 1.29, p = 0.018). In the case of lymphocytes, the values slightly increased from 2.14 ± 0.69 before treatment to 2.20 ± 1.19 after it, but without a statistically significant difference (p = 0.320). The values of monocytes and eosinophils significantly decreased after antiviral therapy (0.81 ± 1.02 vs. 0.59 ± 0.15, p = 0.020; 0.21 ± 0.15 vs. 0.14 ± 0.09, p < 0.001). For basophils, the mean values remained almost unchanged after DAA therapy (0.09 ± 0.08 vs. 0.09 ± 0.15, p = 0.433). Conclusions: Mavyret has proven to be a safe medication for administering to patients with CHC, but its minor adverse effects on red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets require constant monitoring, mainly when used for an extended period and in patients who are vulnerable in this regard.
Seed Germination Responses to Temperature and Osmotic Stress Conditions in Brachiaria Forage Grasses
Authors: Müller Francuois L. , Leroko Jabulile E. , Cupido Clement F. , Samuels Igshaan , Ngcobo Nothando , Masemola Elizabeth L. , Manganyi-Valoyi Fortune , Tjelele Tlou Julius
Published: October 2024

Brachiaria forages are known to be drought-tolerant as mature plants, but no information about drought tolerance at the seed germination stage is currently available. This study aimed to determine the impacts of different temperature and moisture conditions on the seed germination characteristics of five Brachiaria genotypes. Brachiaria seeds were germinated under constant temperatures of 5 °C–45 °C at increments of 5 °C. Within each temperature treatment, five osmotic treatments (0 MPa, −0.1 MPa, −0.3 MPa, −0.5 MPa, and −0.7 MPa) were applied, and germination was recorded daily for 20 days. The results showed that seed germination in all Brachiaria species was significantly negatively impacted (p < 0.05) by osmotic stress as well as by high and low temperatures. For all species, germination only occurred between 15 and 40 °C. Under optimum moisture conditions (0 MPa), the optimum germination temperatures for B. humidicola were 15 to 35 °C, for B. brizantha and B. nigropedata, they were 15 to 20 °C, for B. decumbens, they were 15 to 25 °C, and for the hybrid Brachiaria species, the optimum germination temperature was only 20 °C. In all species, seed germination decreased as moisture conditions became more limiting. Only B. humidicola germinated optimally at a high temperature (35 °C). At these temperatures, the species had more than 82% germination when moisture was not a limiting factor (0 MPa), but at low osmotic stress conditions (−0.1 MPa) at 30 °C, the germination of this species decreased to 67%. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that the seed germination and early seedling establishment stages of Brachiaria grasses are only moderately tolerant to drought stress. Further work on early seedling responses to temperature and moisture stresses is needed to quantify early seedling responses to these stresses and to develop more detailed planting time guidelines for farmers.
Second Victims Among Austrian Nurses (SeViD-A2 Study)
Authors: Potura Eva , Roesner Hannah , Trifunovic-Koenig Milena , Tsikala Panagiota , Klemm Victoria , Strametz Reinhard
Published: October 2024

Background: The Second Victim Phenomenon (SVP) significantly impacts the well-being of healthcare professionals and patient safety. While the SVP has been explored in various healthcare settings, there are limited data on its prevalence and associated factors among nurses in Austria. This study investigates the prevalence, symptomatology, and preferred support measures for SVP among Austrian nurses. Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was conducted September to December 2023 using the SeViD questionnaire (Second Victims in German-speaking Countries), which includes the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Statistical analyses included binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression using the bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrapping method based on 5000 bootstrap samples. Results: A total of 928 participants responded to the questionnaire with a response rate of 15.47%. The participants were on average 42.42 years old and were mainly women (79.63%). Among the respondents, 81.58% (744/912) identified as Second Victims (SVs). The primary cause of becoming an SV was aggressive behavior from patients or relatives. Females reported a higher symptom load than males, and higher agreeableness was linked to increased symptom severity. Notably, 92.47% of SVs who sought help preferred support from colleagues, and the most pronounced desire among participants was to process the event for better understanding. Conclusions: The prevalence of SVP among Austrian nurses is alarmingly high, with aggressive behavior identified as a significant trigger. The findings emphasize the necessity for tailored support strategies, including peer support and systematic organizational interventions to mitigate the impact of SVP on nurses and to improve overall patient care. Further research should focus on developing and implementing effective prevention and intervention programs for healthcare professionals in similar settings.
Exploring the Moderating Effect of Musculoskeletal Pain on Technostress-Induced Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study of Bank Employees
Authors: Kutlutürk Yıkılmaz Seval , Yikilmaz Ibrahim , Bekmezci Mustafa , Surucu Lutfi , Cetinkaya Bulent
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Information and Communications Technology (ICT) advancements and high customer expectations are boosting the use of digital transformation and tech tools in business processes in a competitive environment. This trend enhances business effectiveness and efficiency but also introduces technostress as a new workplace stress factor. Technostress, defined as stress induced by using ICT in the workplace, has become increasingly prevalent in modern work environments, especially in sectors such as banking, due to digital transformation. As technology use intensifies, it raises concerns about potential adverse psychological and physiological effects on employees, particularly in relation to burnout. From a physiological perspective, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are quite common among employees who use ICT for extended periods. MSDs can play a significant moderating role in the relationship between technostress and burnout. In this context, this study aimed to examine the moderating role of MSDs in the effect of technostress on burnout. Methods: This quantitative study surveyed a convenience sample of 220 bank employees, drawing on COR theory, the JD-R model, the P-E fit approach, and transactional stress theory. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS 4.0 software, enabling examination of relationships between variables derived from these frameworks. Results: The results reveal that technostress increases bank employees’ burnout experience. Additionally, bank employees with MSDs experience higher burnout levels than those without MSDs. Conclusions: The study’s findings provide valuable insights into managing workplace stress, addressing mental health problems, and promoting employee well-being in the digital age. These results have potential implications for academic understanding and practical applications in sustainable management.
Prevalence and Interrelationships of Screen Time, Visual Disorders, and Neck Pain Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study at Majmaah University
Authors: Almutairi Hind , Alhammad Layan , Aldossari Bader , Alonazi Asma
Published: October 2024

Background: Digital devices significantly contribute to vision-related problems. In addition, prolonged postural imbalance, owing to excessive use of digital devices, can lead to the tightening of head and neck muscles, resulting in neck pain, a common musculoskeletal discomfort that significantly affects individuals with poor vision. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and interrelationships of screen time, visual disorders, and neck pain among students at Majmaah University. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia, enrolling students aged 18 to 25 years. Exclusion criteria included neurological or musculoskeletal disorders. Demographic data and information on visual and neck pain symptoms were collected. The Neck Disability Index questionnaire was used to assess neck pain, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Among 263 participants, 53.6% were female. Nearsightedness (38.0%) and dry/itchy eyes (49.0%) were the most common visual disorders and symptoms, respectively. Visual disorders were prevalent in 62.0% of students, while neck pain was reported by 79.5%. Females and those studying for more than 5 h using electronic screens daily reported higher neck disability index scores. A significant association was found between >5 h of study duration [screen time] and neck disability (OR 3.703, 95% CI 1.500–9.144, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The study highlights a relationship between visual problems and neck pain among university students, emphasizing the need for addressing vision-related issues to reduce neck discomfort. High screen time could substantially increase the odds of developing neck disability. However, authors warrant cautious interpretation in the light of following limitations: cross-sectional study, small sample size, lack of statistical power, and self-reported data.
The Role of Oral Nutritional Supplements in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Abouegylah Mohamed , Udugamasooriya Suchira Subodini , Ahmed Ahmed Adel , Tas Kerem Tuna , Lishewski Philipp , Smalec Edgar , Schmich Gertrud , Vorwerk Hilke , Eberle Fabian , Adeberg Sebastian , Gawish Ahmed , Ismail Abdelsalam A
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on nutritional intake, body weight, and body composition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. The study evaluated whether ONS could prevent treatment-related nutritional deterioration. Methods: This prospective observational pilot study included 30 HNC patients randomized into two groups: ONS (n = 15) and No ONS (n = 15). All participants underwent chemoradiotherapy, with the ONS group receiving 200 mL of a high-calorie, high-protein supplement twice daily. Nutritional status, including body weight, BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, and bone mass, was assessed at three time points: baseline, mid-treatment, and end of treatment. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, with a p-value of ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between the two groups in body weight, BMI, or body composition. By the end of radiotherapy, the No ONS group showed significant reductions in body weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), fat mass (p < 0.001), and fat-free mass (p < 0.001), while the ONS group maintained more stable nutritional parameters. Acute radiotherapy toxicities, including nausea, dysphagia, and oral mucositis, were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: ONS effectively mitigates weight loss and preserves body composition in HNC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. While no significant reduction in radiation-induced toxicities was observed, the nutritional benefits of ONS support its use in preventing malnutrition in this patient population. Larger studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Communication Skills of Medical Interpreters: A Qualitative Explanatory Study of Healthcare Professionals’ and Medical Interpreters’ Perceptions
Authors: Ono Naoko , Yang Jinghua
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Medical interpreters support communication between medical professionals and foreign patients. However, the communication skills required of medical interpreters in the field are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate what medical professionals and medical interpreters consider to be most important communication skills of medical interpreters, and whether there are differences in perceptions between medical professionals and medical interpreters. Methods: From December 2023 to February 2024, we interviewed 10 medical professionals and medical interpreters (five medical professionals and five medical interpreters) working throughout Japan and in the United States. The narratives collected in the interviews were analyzed and evaluated in a conceptual framework. Results: Healthcare professionals and medical interpreters exhibited differences in perceptions regarding the most important communication skills for medical interpreters. The narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters regarding medical interpreters’ communication skills were divided into a 2 × 2 grid consisting of four quadrants with two axes (intervention and perspective). Regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters, medical professionals were primarily concerned with the transmission of medical information and felt that it was necessary for interpreters to understand medical professionals’ perspectives and what they wanted to say in order to convey it accurately. In contrast, medical interpreters emphasized the importance of empathy and communication skills for respecting the other person and understanding the other person’s opinion and perspective. Additionally, to understand the patient’s perspective, medical interpreters reported that it was important to understand the cultural background of the patient and to maintain good relationships with all of the people around the patient. Conclusions: We explored the communication skills of medical interpreters and the characteristics of the perceptions and narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters. Concepts regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters were divided into two axes (intervention and perspective) and presented as a 2 × 2 grid with four quadrants. The results of our study suggested that medical interpreters should actively intervene in interpretation situations involving foreign patients.
Preservation and Redevelopment of Cultural Heritage Through Public Engagement and University Involvement
Authors: Frullo Nadia , Mattone Manuela
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance and desirability of fostering the involvement of more actors, and in particular local communities, in the protection of cultural heritage. Since universities have long been asked to become promoters of actions aimed at increasing society’s general level of well-being through interventions with cultural, social, and educational implications via technology transfer and knowledge sharing, a mutual collaboration between different researchers of the Politecnico di Torino, public administrations, and local communities has been consolidated over the last few years to provide a proactive contribution to both the preservation of cultural heritage and the social and economic development of the territories. A new educational methodology with direct and mutual collaboration between teachers and students, local communities, and policymakers was tested. The experiences conducted so far testify to the university’s ability to fulfil its training, research, and “Third Mission” tasks, both by responding to the needs of the territory and by transmitting up-to-date work methodologies, disciplinary skills, attention to context, and dialogue with local communities. The work carried out, appreciated by citizens and municipal administration representatives, was able to provide hints and stimuli for new opportunities and actions to be undertaken, foreshadowing possible development trajectories of the contexts investigated.
Authentication of a Bronze Bust of Napoleon I, Attributed to Renzo Colombo from 1885
Authors: Sandu Ion , Drobota Vasile , Drob Ana , Sandu Andrei Victor , Vasilache Viorica , Iurcovschi Cosmin Tudor , Sandu Ioan Gabriel
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the authentication analysis of a bronze bust of Napoleon I, attributed to the Italian artist Renzo Colombo (1856–1885) based on his signature and other casting and molding inscriptions. The bust was made using the lost wax technique and artificially patinated in the Pinédo variant workshop. This study combined historiographical research (using the specialized literature) with data from auction catalogs. These were compared with photographs of the entire bust and close-up images of key areas, including anthropomorphic features, clothing, inscriptions, and structural and ornamental details. The condition of the bust and its historical and chemical characteristics were assessed through direct analysis with magnifying tools and indirect analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).
Teachers’ and Principals’ Familiarity with School Wellness Policy: A Health Promoting Schools Assessment
Authors: Chrisman Matthew , Skarbek Anita , Endsley Patricia , Marchello Nicholas
Published: October 2024

The current study explored teacher and principal familiarity with school wellness polices in primary schools, including who serves on school wellness committees, and who should implement and enforce wellness policies in the school. An electronic survey guided by the Health Promoting Schools framework was administered from February to May 2020 to teachers and principals from one urban and one suburban school district in the Midwestern United States. There were 450 participants; response rates were 28% (urban), 33% (suburban), and 51% (school principals). Only 41.7% of the aggregate participant pool were familiar with their wellness policy. Participants were more familiar in the suburban compared to the urban district (χ2 = 68.2, p-value ≤ 0.001). Teachers/health teachers, nurses, and principals were most likely to be on wellness committees, and the most preferred wellness champions were teachers, nurses, and food service staff. Teachers and nurses are integral to school wellness and health education as part of multiple systems that can promote school health. The Health Promoting Schools framework is useful for guiding examinations to improve understanding of school wellness within school communities.