bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aversive olfactory associative memory loses odor specificity over time
Authors: König Christian , Antwi-Adjei Emmanuel , Ganesan Mathangi , Kilonzo Kasyoka , Viswanathan Vignesh , Durairaja Archana , Voigt Anne , Yarali Ayse
Published: May 2017

Avoiding associatively learned predictors of danger is crucial for survival. Aversive memories can, however, become counter-adaptive when they are overly generalized to harmless cues and contexts. In a fruit fly odor–electric shock associative memory paradigm, we found that learned avoidance lost its specificity for the trained odor and became general to novel odors within a day of training. We discuss the possible neural circuit mechanisms of this effect and highlight the parallelism to over-generalization of learned fear behavior after an incubation period in rodents and humans, with due relevance for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Identification and Asymptotic Approximations: Three Examples of Progress in Econometric Theory
Authors: Powell James L.
Published: May 2017

In empirical economics, the size and quality of datasets and computational power has grown substantially, along with the size and complexity of the econometric models and the population parameters of interest. With more and better data, it is natural to expect to be able to answer more subtle questions about population relationships, and to pay more attention to the consequences of misspecification of the model for the empirical conclusions. Much of the recent work in econometrics has emphasized two themes: The first is the fragility of statistical identification. The other, related theme involves the way economists make large-sample approximations to the distributions of estimators and test statistics. I will discuss how these issues of identification and alternative asymptotic approximations have been studied in three research areas: analysis of linear endogenous regressor models with many and/or weak instruments; nonparametric models with endogenous regressors; and estimation of partially identified parameters. These areas offer good examples of the progress that has been made in econometrics.
Underestimating the Real Growth of GDP, Personal Income, and Productivity
Authors: Feldstein Martin
Published: May 2017

Economists have long recognized that changes in the quality of existing goods and services, along with the introduction of new goods and services, can raise grave difficulties in measuring changes in the real output of the economy. But despite the attention to this subject in the professional literature, there remains insufficient understanding of just how imperfect the existing official estimates actually are. After studying the methods used by the US government statistical agencies as well as the extensive previous academic literature on this subject, I have concluded that, despite the various improvements to statistical methods that have been made through the years, the official data understate the changes of real output and productivity. The official measures provide at best a lower bound on the true real growth rate with no indication of the size of the underestimation. In this essay, I briefly review why national income should not be considered a measure of well-being; describe what government statisticians actually do in their attempt to measure improvements in the quality of goods and services; consider the problem of new products and the various attempts by economists to take new products into account in measuring overall price and output changes; and discuss how the mismeasurement of real output and of prices might be taken into account in considering various questions of economic policy.
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
Authors: Allcott Hunt , Gentzkow Matthew
Published: May 2017

Following the 2016 US presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories (“fake news”), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: 1) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their “most important” source; 2) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; 3) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and 4) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.
The State of Applied Econometrics: Causality and Policy Evaluation
Authors: Athey Susan , Imbens Guido W.
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we discuss recent developments in econometrics that we view as important for empirical researchers working on policy evaluation questions. We focus on three main areas, in each case, highlighting recommendations for applied work. First, we discuss new research on identification strategies in program evaluation, with particular focus on synthetic control methods, regression discontinuity, external validity, and the causal interpretation of regression methods. Second, we discuss various forms of supplementary analyses, including placebo analyses as well as sensitivity and robustness analyses, intended to make the identification strategies more credible. Third, we discuss some implications of recent advances in machine learning methods for causal effects, including methods to adjust for differences between treated and control units in high-dimensional settings, and methods for identifying and estimating heterogenous treatment effects.
The Use of Structural Models in Econometrics
Authors: Low Hamish , Meghir Costas
Published: May 2017

This paper discusses the role of structural economic models in empirical analysis and policy design. The central payoff of a structural econometric model is that it allows an empirical researcher to go beyond the conclusions of a more conventional empirical study that provides reduced-form causal relationships. Structural models identify mechanisms that determine outcomes and are designed to analyze counterfactual policies, quantifying impacts on specific outcomes as well as effects in the short and longer run. We start by defining structural models, distinguishing between those that are fully specified and those that are partially specified. We contrast the treatment effects approach with structural models, and present an example of how a structural model is specified and the particular choices that were made. We cover combining structural estimation with randomized experiments. We then turn to numerical techniques for solving dynamic stochastic models that are often used in structural estimation, again with an example. The penultimate section focuses on issues of estimation using the method of moments.
Antecedentes de inovações em organizações públicas do poder executivo federal
Authors: De Castro Cárita Marilhants Silva , Isidro-Filho Antônio , Menelau Sueli , Fernandes Antonio Sergio Araujo
Published: May 2017

A inovação em serviços tem ganhado espaço e é vista por autores como propulsora para o desenvolvimento das organizações, graças ao crescimento da importância do setor para a economia mundial. O artigo propõe um construto analítico em que barreiras e facilitadores são antecedentes da inovação, exercendo um papel significativo em sua adoção no setor público, e que existe relação positiva entre antecedentes e tipo de inovação. Para a realização do estudo, foram identificadas variáveis, referenciadas pela literatura, por meio da análise de conteúdo em 286 relatos de experiências de inovação do Concurso de Inovação na Gestão Pública Federal promovido pela Escola Nacional de Administração Pública. Procedeu-se, a posteriori, a análise estatística por meio de regressão logística, identificando a existência de relação significativa entre barreiras e facilitadores da inovação e o tipo de inovação adotado.
Planning and Designing the Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT) for Hospitalized Adults with Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Englander Honora , Weimer Melissa , Solotaroff Rachel , Nicolaidis Christina , Chan Benjamin , Velez Christine , Noice Alison , Hartnett Tim , Blackburn Ed , Barnes Pen , Korthuis P. Todd
Published: May 2017

People with substance use disorders (SUD) have high rates of hospitalization and readmission, long lengths of stay, and skyrocketing healthcare costs. Yet, models for improving care are extremely limited. We performed a needs assessment and then convened academic and community partners, including a hospital, community SUD organizations, and Medicaid accountable care organizations, to design a care model for medically complex hospitalized patients with SUD. Needs assessment showed that 58% to 67% of participants who reported active substance use said they were interested in cutting back or quitting. Many reported interest in medication for addiction treatment (MAT). Participants had high rates of costly readmissions and longer than expected length of stay. Community stakeholders identified long wait times and lack of resources for medically complex patients as key barriers. We developed the Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT), which includes an inpatient addiction medicine consultation service, rapid‐access pathways to posthospital SUD treatment, and a medically enhanced residential care model that integrates antibiotic infusion and residential addiction care. We developed a business case and secured funding from Medicaid and hospital payers. IMPACT provides one pathway for hospitals, payers, and communities to collaboratively address the SUD epidemic.
Courts to look again at assisted dying law
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2017

A man with motor neurone disease has been granted permission by the Court of Appeal to seek judicial review the criminalisation of assisted dying under the Suicide Act 1961, section 2(1).

In this article, Richard Griffith reviews the Court of Appeal's decision in R (on the application of Conway) v Secretary of State for Justice [2017] and considers arguments for and against decriminalising assisted dying.
Clinical practice: Perineal suturing
Authors: Hajjaj June Pembroke
Published: May 2017

This article highlights the important midwifery skill of perineal assessment and suturing. Perineal trauma resulting from vaginal birth is the most common form of obstetric injury experienced by women, and can be associated with considerable maternal morbidity ( RCOG, 2015 ). Midwives, being the lead practitioner for normal birth, should therefore be competent and skilled in the assessment and repair of perineal trauma. Providing a service which is evidence based and personalised as recommended within Better births ( National Maternity Review, 2016 ) has a massive potential for positive impact upon a women's quality of life as she enters motherhood after vaginal birth.
Caring for pregnant women with long-term conditions: maternal and neonatal effects of epilepsy
Authors: Hugill Kevin , Meredith Dawn
Published: May 2017

Epilepsy affects around 1 in 100 people and every year around 2500 women with epilepsy become pregnant. Although most will have an uneventful pregnancy, pregnancy for women with epilepsy carries additional risks to their wellbeing and that of their developing fetus and their infant. For some women, these risks include worsening symptoms of epilepsy, increased mortality risks and less effective treatment of other conditions and comorbidities like depression. For the developing fetus and infant, exposure to antiepileptic drugs can affect organogenesis and later development. This article highlights essential knowledge about this condition in pregnancy and considers how midwives can contribute to working collaboratively in ways that optimise pregnancy outcomes for these women.
Effect of gentle manual pressure on neonatal pain during heel prick: a randomised crossover trial
Authors: YU Lisa Chit , TSE Mimi Mun Yee , LAI Claudia Kam Yuk
Published: May 2017

This is a randomised, open-labelled, crossover trial. The data collected came from healthy, term neonates with physiological jaundice in a neonatal unit of an acute public hospital in Hong Kong. Nine babies received 10 seconds of gentle manual pressure over the needle stick site immediately prior to the stick on the first day of the data collection. They received no manual pressure before the heel stick on the second day of the data collection. Eight babies received the intervention in the reverse order. The researcher measured the babies' reactive responses to pain with the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) at scheduled time slots. No adverse reaction caused by the intervention was observed. The pain score during the heel prick was significantly lower with the prior manual pressure than with the heel prick that was performed without manual pressure (p=0.01).
We don't have to change the world
Authors: Axcell Claire
Published: May 2017

Claire Axcell, winner of the BJM Student of the Year Award 2017, reflects on the similarities between midwifery and her former career in the police, and the importance of listening to women in crisis
CONHECIMENTOS PRÉVIOS E PRÁTICAS LEITORAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Angelo Cristiane Malinoski Pianaro , Roesler Valter Sávio
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho constitui-se a partir da verificação de leitura de dois textos,feita por alunos do ensino fundamental (5ª série) em duas escolas localizadasno município de Prudentópolis-Paraná, uma na área central da cidade eoutra na área rural. A pesquisa objetiva diagnosticar a competência leitoradesses alunos. Também, tem a intenção de verificar o papel dos conhecimentosprévios na construção dos sentidos na leitura.
A TRADIÇÃO ORAL E A LITERATURA DESCOLONIZADORA EM JOÃO GUIMARÃES ROSA E MIA COUTO
Authors: Nenevé Miguel , Siepamann Rose
Published: May 2017

Neste trabalho exploramos a tradição oral, a linguagem brincalhona,revolucionária e descolonizadora em dois textos em línuga portuguesa: “A terceiramargem do rio”, do brasileiro João Guimaraes Rosa e “Nas águas dotempo”, do moçambicano Mia Couto. Nos dois contos as personagens se misturame se diluem com a imagem do rio, uma vez que elas buscam, pelo rio, fazerseus deslocamentos para um mundo mais interior, mais íntimo mais isolado.Tanto em Guimaraes como em Couto, pode-se perceber que a linguagem comoinstrumento de revolução e descolonização uma vez que revisitam culturas evozes “condenadas”, recriando, revalorizando e revigorando uma linguagemesquecida pelos “homens cultos.” A linguagem “impura”, o linguajar do povo, obrincar com a linguagem, o inventar e desinventar enchem os dois textos degraça e sugerem relfexao sobre um mundo de pessoas simples, apegadas à terra.
MÍDIA AUTÓCTONE E INCLUSIVA EM PERIFERIAS URBANAS E [SUB]URBANAS: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DE PESQUISAS EM COMUNICAÇÃO COMUNITÁRIA
Authors: De Freitas Ricardo Olivaira
Published: May 2017

Considerando o fenômeno de visibilização de iniciativas de comuni- cação popular e comunitária, o texto ora apresentado aborda os métodos e as técnicas utilizadas na pesquisa acerca dos processos de comunicação e das interações sociais destes resultantes, a partir do lugar ocupado pelas mídias audiovisuais (vídeo, TV comunitária e cinema de rua) para o desempenho das identidades minoritárias e suas expressões no Brasil. Para tanto, analisa a reincidência de produções que tomam o debate sobre o minoritário e periférico como tema central, constituindo o campo das mídias radicais alternativas, com base nos novos movimentos e nas ações que têm encontrado na mídia (grande mídia e mídias radicais alternativas) importante suporte para desenvolvimento de novas expressões e alianças político-sociais entre democracia, terceiro setor, sociedade civil e grupos ideologicamente minoritários - elaborando, assim, novos modos de representação contra-hegemônicos, com a promoção de políticas públicas e/ou culturais para a inclusão social. Investiga, portanto, a apropriação e utilização de recursos de mídia audiovisuais por grupos e comunidades ideologicamente minoritários, no almejo de alcançarem reconhecimento junto à esfera de visibilidade pública e, por extensão, à esfera pública política, a partir da análise e da elaboração de uma cartografia das iniciativas de comunicação popular e comunitária desenvolvidas na peri- feria de Salvador.
AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS EM SAÚDE: POSSIBILIDADES INVESTIGATIVAS DA ANTROPOLOGIA
Authors: Duccini Luciana , Moura José Hermógenes , Rodrigues Luzania Barreto
Published: May 2017

Noções como as de saúde e doença se referem a fenômenos com- plexos, que conjugam fatores biológicos, sociológicos, econômicos, ambien- tais e culturais. As Ciências Sociais, ao analisar práticas de manutenção da saúde, apontam para a insuficiência e limites da biomedicina no trato dos males humanos, revelando o quanto o estado de saúde da população é inti- mamente ligado ao seu modo de vida e ao seu universo social e cultural. Apesar deste artigo apresentar um apanhando bibliográfico geral, destacando os principais conceitos e posturas metodológicas com que as Ciências Sociais têm contribuído para a compreensão dos processos de saúde/doença, seu principal objetivo é discutir implicações para uma área específica: a delicada relação entre concepções médicas, normatividade, legalidade e o trato com pessoas que apresentam comportamentos “desviantes”, tal como aquelas que fazem uso de Substâncias Psicoativas. Neste sentido, o artigo destaca algumas vantagens do método etnográfico para a compreensão deste fenômeno complexo e sua pertinência para além um campo disciplinar.
Da aplicação do Diretório Pombalino ao Estado do Brasil: povos indígenas e políticas linguísticas no século XVIII
Authors: Souza Pedro Daniel Dos Santos , Lobo Tânia
Published: May 2017

O Directorio, que se deve observar nas povoaçoens dos índios do Pará, e Maranhaõ em quanto Sua Magestade naõ mandar o contrario – simplesmente conhecido como Diretório pombalino ou Diretório dos índios – instituiu uma política de proibição do uso das línguas indígenas e, em particular, da chamada língua geral como um dos principais objetivos do processo de “civilização” dos índios, o que não só resultou em perdas linguísticas irreparáveis, como também em mudanças linguístico-culturais que, associadas a outros fatores relevantes, definiram o rumo do Brasil como país majoritariamente falante da língua portuguesa. Criado, em 1757, para ser aplicado ao Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, a partir de 1758, foi também direcionado à outra colônia portuguesa na América, o Estado do Brasil, até finalmente suas disposições serem revogadas por meio da Carta Régia de 12 de maio de 1798. Neste artigo, apresentamos e discutimos os principais documentos e o trâmite burocrático referentes ao início da aplicação do Diretório no Estado do Brasil, destacando o papel central atribuído pelo Parecer exarado pelo Tribunal Especial do Conselho Ultramarino aos escrivães das câmaras como agentes de letramento indígena.
Formation of citizenship through radio talk participation in Kenya
Authors: Omwoha Joyce
Published: May 2017

This article aims at investigating the relationship between the concept of mediated citizenship and participation through radio talk deliberation. It intends to offer an analysis of the content mediated through public discourses by determining the way in which participants draw their identities through different topics articulated in radio talk shows. This article will focus on a breakfast radio talk show – Jambo Kenya, a programme broadcasted on Radio Citizen, the second largest radio station in Kenya. This highly interactive programme airs from 7:15 a.m. with thought-provoking dialogue, giving a voice to groups that would otherwise be unheard. The article focuses on how the call-in listeners gain access to this media space to contest their various ideas.
Passages of culture: Media and mediality in African societies
Authors: Förster Till , Schlehe Judith
Published: May 2017

How do African cultures transform when they appropriate new media? This introduction to the following five articles raises and reflects basic questions related to the many transformations that African societies currently go through when they are faced with new media. It situates the concept of mediality in the social practice of those who deal with and experience media. As instances of the in-between, as bridges between actors and their life-worlds, media reveal specific aspects of social life and hide others. They simultaneously nourish curiosity and suspicion and thus, the users transform their life-worlds through media. What media do to culture depends as much on their specificities as on the actors and their agency: their habits, judgement and imagination. Studying media and cultural transformations in Africa hence calls for thorough empirical research that analyses how the use of media has affected sensory experience and the sense that the actors make of their experience in new meaningful practices. Media in Africa also call for new research methodologies. The findings presented in this collection are the outcome of an international research network that allowed African and European scholars to cooperate and to share their experiences with new media in the field sites.
A curatorial perspective on MOA’s ćəsnaʔəm, the City Before the City
Authors: Filippelli Sandra
Published: May 2017

Museum of Anthropology (MOA)’s Fall 2015 exhibit, ćəsnaʔəm, the City Before the City, was an interactive artistic installation depicting contemporary and historical Musqueam First Nation life in the village of ćəsnaʔəm, situated at the mouth of the Fraser River in Vancouver adjacent to University of British Columbia. The co-curators worked with a Musqueam Advisory Committee of elders to create the kitchen table installation component entitled ‘gathered together’, consisting of a dining table and chairs inside a small room with an audio voice-over of Musqueam elders reminiscing about growing up to become the ‘knowledge keepers’ of their community. Curatorial practice and presentation drew museum visitors into an art education experience through memory, colloquial discourse, documentary storytelling, and visual art that particularly appealed as cultural history and socially engaged art in terms of intention, framing, making and wonder.
TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma: late diagnosis and effectiveness of therapy
Authors: Petrik Galina G. , Kosmacheva Elena D. , Polyakova Ulya I. , Butaeva Svetlana V. , Rozhinskaya Ludmila Ya. , Belaya Zhanna E.
Published: May 2017

Современные лечебно-диагностические алгоритмы позволяют своевременно выявить нарушения функции щитовидной железы, назначить адекватное лечение. Между тем в процессе интерпретации тиреоидного статуса необходимо учитывать крайне редкую, но реально существующую возможность развития тиреотоксикоза центрального генеза, диагностика которого, как показывает общемировая практика, затруднена.
Представлен клинический случай ТТГ-продуцирующей аденомы гипофиза у женщины 47 лет, длительное время получающей тиреостатики по поводу тиреотоксикоза. Пациентке был установлен диагноз болезнь Грейвса, однако истинной причиной тиреотоксикоза являлась тиреотропинома. Основные лабораторные проявления тиреотоксикоза центрального генеза заключались в сочетании эпизодов нормального или повышенного уровня ТТГ с высокой или нормальной концентрацией свободного Т4. При МРТ выявлена макроаденома гипофиза. Наличие клинических проявлений тиреотоксикоза позволило исключить синдром резистентности к тиреоидным гормонам. Пробное лечение октреотидом купировало клинические и лабораторные проявления тиреотоксикоза, что обусловило выбор консервативного метода в качестве первой линии терапии. Обсуждаются особенности клинико-лабораторных проявлений, а также принципы дифференциальной диагностики и современных методов лечения ТТГ-продуцирующих аденом гипофиза.
Sistem Penentuan Lokasi dan Penyimpanan Barang Menggunakan LabVIEW dan Sensor Ultrasonik
Authors: Pratiwi Artdhita Fajar , Riyanto Sugeng Dwi
Published: May 2017

One of the important aspects in industrial field is a good material handling in logistics. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) can be an alternative to making an optimal logistics system. A widely used type of AGV based on its navigation system is line follower robot. This paper explains about applying the line follower robot integrated with LabVIEW to implement ultrasonic sensor as a radar to determine an empty space in logistic storage. The utilization of ultrasonic radar makes the searching process of empty space in the storage faster. Meanwhile, LabVIEW interface is used to help the operator to monitor material handling process. The result of the testing showed that ultrasonic sensor reading in Virtual Instrument LabVIEW has a good precision level when the line follower robot moves in a straight path. The error rate was 6,19% compared to the real situation.Salah satu aspek penting dalam dunia industri adalah penanganan material yang baik pada bagian logistik. Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengoptimalkan sistem logistik tersebut. Jenis AGV yang banyak digunakan berdasarkan jenis navigasinya adalah robot pengikut garis. Pada artikel ini, dipaparkan penggunaan robot pengikut garis yang diintegrasikan dengan LabVIEW untuk mengimplementasikan sensor ultrasonik sebagai radar yang berfungsi menentukan lokasi kosong pada tempat penyimpanan barang. Penggunaan radar ultrasonik membuat pencarian ruang kosong pada tempat penyimpanan menjadi lebih cepat, sedangkan untuk membantu operator dalam memonitor proses penanganan material digunakan antarmuka LabVIEW. Berdasarkan hasil beberapa kali pengujian, pembacaan sensor ultrasonik pada Virtual Instrument LabVIEW memiliki tingkat presisi pembacaan cukup baik pada saat pengikut garis bergerak di lintasan lurus. Adapun kesalahan dalam pembacaan sebesar 6,19% dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebenarnya.
Change characteristics of DSi and nutrition structure at the Yangtze River Estuary after Three Gorges Project impounding and their ecological effect
Authors: Li Lei , Shen Xinqiang , Jiang Mei
Published: May 2017

The variation law of dissolved silica (DSi), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and nutrition structure after the Three Gorges Project (TGP) impounding as well as their ecological effect were analyzed according to monitoring survey of the Yangtze River Estuary in spring (May) and summer (August) from 2004-2009. The results showed that after impounding, DSi and DIN concentration decreased and increased, respectively. During the study period, DSi decreased by about 63%, while DIN almost tripled. DIP concentration fluctuated slightly. With respect to nutrition structure, N:P increased, whereas Si:P and Si:N declined. According to chemometry standard of nutrient limits, nutrition structure tended to be imbalanced and the limiting factor of phytoplankton growth (P) was studied. Changes of nutrition structure have largely decreased diatom and caused different composition of dominant phytoplankton species. This may change ecosystem structure of the Yangtze River Estuary.
Effect of overlying water pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature on heavy metal release from river sediments under laboratory conditions
Authors: Huang Yuanxing , Zhang Daofang , Xu Zhihua , Yuan Shijue , Li Yuanheng , Wang Lian
Published: May 2017

The heavy metal release experiments were conducted in the laboratory to examine the effects of 3 factors - pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature on the metal release from sediments taken from the Huangpu River. The metal concentrations in the dry sediments ranged from 0.030 to 0.296 mg g-1 for Cr, 0.021 to 0.097 mg g-1 for Ni, 0.014 to 0.219 mg g-1 for Cu, 0.035 mg to 0.521 mg g-1 for Zn, 0.0002 to 0.001 mg g-1 for Cd and 0.023 to 0.089 mg g-1 for Pb. Most of the metals found in the sediments were in the form of residual fraction, the exchangeable fraction consisted of only a small portion of total metals. The average dissolved metal concentrations in the overlying water during the 13-day period under different conditions were ranging from 0.82 to 1.93 μg L-1 for Cr, 1.08 to 4.19 μg L-1 for Ni, 40.79 to 82.28 μg L-1 for Cu, 20.30 to 29.96 μg L-1 for Zn, 1.57 to 4.07 μg L-1 for Cd, and 22.26 to 75.50 μg L-1 for Pb, respectively. Statistical interpretation of the data indicated that pH (7, 8, 9), dissolved oxygen DO (1.0 and 5.0 mg L-1) and temperature (4, 16, 25°C) had no significant effects on the heavy metal release under the studied conditions. Cu and Pb had the highest release flux, while Cd, Pb and Cu had higher mobility. The main factors controlling the metals release might be the inherent characters of metals and sediments.
Nanofiltration renovation of mineral water
Authors: Bodzek Michał , Tomaszewska Barbara , Rajca Mariola
Published: May 2017

There is often a need to improve the taste of mineral water by reducing the sulphate ion content. It was found that for such an effect, nanofiltration (NF) process can be used. In the case, the proposed formula was assumed obtaining a mineral water with reduction of H2S and SO42- content through the following processes: stripping - UF/MF or rapid fi ltration - nanofiltration - mixing with raw water or filtration through calcium bed. The paper shows the results of the tests, with use of mineral waters and nanofiltration. Commercial nanofiltration membranes NF-270 Dow Filmtec and NF-DK GE Infrastructure Water&Process Technologies were applied. NF was carried out for mixed water from both water intakes (1 and 2), recovery of 50%, at transmembrane pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa in the dead-end fi ltration mode. In addition, the permeate obtained in NF was filtered through a column fi lled with 1.0-3.0 mm limestone rock, in order to improve the composition of mineral water. The tested mineral water is the sulphate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium in nature and contains 991 mg/L of SO42- and 2398 mg/L of TDS, while the permeate after NF showed the chloride - sodium hydrogeochemical type (TDS: 780-1470 mg/L, sulfate 10-202.7 mg/L, calcium 23-39.7 mg/L, magnesium 11-28 mg/L). As a result of water treatment in the NF process, high reduction of SO42- ions was obtained (79-98.7%), while the TDS was reduced in 51-64%. Because the process of NF allows for relatively high reduction of bivalent ions, a significant reduction in calcium ion content (84-88%) and magnesium (84-89%) has been also obtained. Monovalent ions were reduced to a lesser extent, i.e. sodium in 46% and bicarbonates in 39-64.1%. Despite obtaining the positive effect of the sulphate ions content reduction, the NF process significantly changed the mineralogy composition of water. The permeate filtration (DK-NF membrane) on the CaCO3 deposit led to a correction of the hydrogeochemical type of water from chloridesodium to chloride-bicarbonate-sodium. The concentration of calcium ions was increased by 60.5% and was 28.2 mg/L, and bicarbonate ions by 7.78% (increased to 195 mg/L). Based on a morphological assessment of the deposits in the SEM image and their chemical composition, the presence of gypsum crystals was detected on the surface of the NF-270 membrane. The deposits formed on the NF-DK membrane were of a completely different character as aggregations of iron and aluminium oxides/hydroxides were found. Such significant mineralogical differences between the secondary deposits crystallising on the surface of the membranes point to the impact of several factors, including membrane characteristics, concentration polarisation, mass transport mechanisms, etc.
Discrete port-Hamiltonian formulation and numerical approximation for systems of two conservation laws
Authors: Kotyczka Paul , Maschke Bernhard
Published: May 2017

We discuss the discrete formulation of systems of conservation laws in port-Hamiltonian form on dual chain
complexes. Based on integral balance equations and topological information, this representation is exact and qualifies as
a control model. The finite-dimensional approximation requires an energy discretization that yields discrete constitutive
equations. We give (i) a brief overview of discrete modeling of conservation laws on n-complexes and (ii) extend
existing results by allowing for mixed physical types of boundary inputs. This requires the construction of a primal and
a dual complex based on the underlying staggered grids and the localization of the inputs on the system boundary. Finally,
(iii) we discuss the properties of the resulting structure-preserving discretization scheme based on a consistency
analysis for the 2D nonlinear shallow water equations.
Modellordnungsreduktion, Beobachterentwurf und Sensorplatzierung für einen Infrarot-Glühofen
Authors: Rötzer Florian , Jadachowski Lukas , Kugi Andreas
Published: May 2017

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Beobachterentwurf für die zweidimensionale Temperaturverteilung einer Stahlprobe in
einem experimentellen Glühofen. In einem ersten Schritt werden drei unterschiedliche Ansätze zur finit-dimensionalen
Approximation der quasilinearen partiellen Differentialgleichung hinsichtlich Modellordnung und Genauigkeit miteinander
verglichen. Auf Basis des mit dem POD-Verfahren (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) approximierten Modells wird unter
Berücksichtigung von punktweisen Thermoelement-Messungen an der Probenoberfläche ein erweitertes Kalman-Filter
entworfen. Da die Wahl der Sensorplatzierung einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Beobachtungsgüte hat, werden in einem
weiteren Schritt die optimalen Sensorpositionen im Sinne der Optimierung der Determinante der Gramschen Matrix
ermittelt. Simulations- und Messergebnisse bestätigen die Effizienz der vorgestellten Methoden.
Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study
Authors: Vaesken Antoine , Pelle Anne , Pavon-Djavid Graciela , Rancic Jeanne , Chakfe Nabil , Heim Frederic
Published: May 2017

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a popular alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for critical patients. Biological valve tissue has been used in TAVI procedures for over a decade, with over 150,000 implantations to date. However, with only 6 years of follow up, little is known about the long-term durability of biological tissue. Moreover, the high cost of tissue harvesting and chemical treatment procedures favor the development of alternative synthetic valve leaflet materials. In that context, textile polyester [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] could be considered as an interesting candidate to replace the biological valve leaflets in TAVI procedures. However, no result is available in the literature about the behavior of textile once in contact with biological tissue in the valve position. The interaction of synthetic textile material with living tissues should be comparable to biological tissue. The purpose of this preliminary work is to compare the in vivo performances of various woven textile PET valves over a 6-month period in order to identify favorable textile construction features. In vivo results indicate that fibrosis as well as calcium deposit can be limited with an appropriate material design.
The Ironbridge Gorge Heritage Site and its local and regional functions
Authors: Cudny Waldemar
Published: May 2017

The article is devoted to the issue of heritage and its functions. Based on the existing literature, the author presents the definition of heritage, the classification of heritage resources, and its most important impacts. The aim of the article was to show the functions that may be performed by a heritage site, locally and regionally. The example used by the author is the Ironbridge Gorge Heritage Site in the United Kingdom. Most heritage functions described by other authors are confirmed in this case study. The cultural heritage of the Ironbridge Gorge creates an opportunity to undertake various local and regional activities, having first of all an educational influence on the inhabitants, school youth and tourists. We must not ignore the economicinfluences, such as financing the activity of the Ironbridge Trust (the institution administering the site), generating income for local firms providing service to tourists, or for construction companies. This income helps to preserve and conserve the tangible heritage of the Ironbridge Gorge, as well as to generate jobs in heritage management, conservation and heritage tourism. Other effects of the Ironbridge Gorge Site include a socio-cultural impact or that related to sustainable development.
Tourism versus the transformation of ksours – Southern Morocco case study
Authors: Dłużewska Anna , Dłużewski Maciej
Published: May 2017

Ksours form a cultural landscape for most of the countries of North Africa. They are an important part of the cultural heritage of the desert areas in Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Mali or Morocco. They also become an undeniable attraction for tourism. The article looks at the impact of tourism on the transformation of ksours. It is based on comparative field research in the Dadès-Drâa Valley (Southern Morocco), the region of the highest ksour concentration. The results show that despite being very close to most sustainable tourism indicators, the whole impact of tourism is rather negative. Tourism is creating social disproportions, being the first incentive to abandon the ksours by those who are not involved in the sector. This is leading to the destruction of particular houses first, and later to the destruction of the whole village. The revitalization of ksours remains a theoretical solution only; thus the author suggests paying greater attention to social equity in order to stop the transformation of ksours at the 2nd stage of development.
Hardwood kraft pulp structural features affecting refinability
Authors: Sousa Cátia T. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Amaral José L.
Published: May 2017

Two industrial bleachedEucalyptus globuluskraft pulps (pulps A and B), cooked from the same wood stock with slightly different alkali charges and temperatures, showed different refinability in the laboratory beating of pulp using a PFI mill. The easy to refine pulp (A) and the difficult to refine pulp (B) did not reveal significant differences in their biometric data and general chemical composition, but pulp A showed ca. 5%–10% higher mechanical strength and twice as high refinability compared to pulp B. These differences were ascribed to slightly higher intrinsic viscosity and higher xylan content of pulp A compared to pulp B (1010 vs. 860 cm3g−1and 20.1 vs. 17.8%, respectively). The xylan structure and its location in fiber cells were also different, which affected the pulp’s refinability. The presence of high proportion of xylan in the bulk of fibers, rather than in their outer layers, seems to favor the pulp beating. An interpretation was also proposed, according to which the aggregation of cellulose fibrils during cooking, i.e. a partial coalescence of fibril crystallites, may also have a negative effect on pulp refinability.
Effect of sintering parameters using the central composite design method, electronic structure and physical properties of yttria-partially stabilized ZrO2 commercial ceramics
Authors: Mendes A.M. , Costa M.C.B. , Araújo V.D. , Motta F.V. , Paskocimas C.A. , Acchar W. , Longo E. , Bomio M.R.D. , Cavalcante L.S.
Published: May 2017

In this work, the effect of sintering parameters on electronic structure and physical properties of yttria-partially stabilized ZrO2 (YPSZ) commercial ceramics has been studied using the central composite design (CCD) method. The CCD method allows using empirical modelling with better fitting, by considering the interaction between both factors. Different temperature ranges and sintering times for processing of YPSZ ceramics have been used in order to evaluate the grain growth, hardness and volumetric shrinkage by the CCD method. X-ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinement data indicate that non-sintered YPSZ ceramics exhibits two phases related to tetragonal and monoclinic structures, while the sintered YPSZ ceramics exhibits a single phase related to a tetragonal structure. Moreover, the monoclinic structure presents zirconium (Zr) atoms coordinated to seven oxygen (O) atoms, while in the tetragonal structure Zr atoms are coordinated to eight O atoms. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images were employed to monitor the sintering and growth process. In addition, the response surfaces obtained from calculations presented the effect of thermal and kinetic variables on the physical properties such as average grain size, volumetric shrinkage and hardness of YPSZ ceramics.
AERI 2016 Student Report
Authors: Horansky Eileen
Published: May 2017

The Archival Education and Research Institute (AERI) supports research and education in the archival field. This paper describes highlights from the the eighth annual meeting, which was hosted by the School of Library and Information Science at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.
Digital V-Mail and the 21st Century Soldier: Preliminary Findings from the Virtual Footlocker Project
Authors: Benoit Edward A.
Published: May 2017

Changes in technology challenge the preservation of personal military communication and documentary records. The Virtual Footlocker Project addresses this issue through the development of an open-source, cross-platform system or application for capturing and preserving the personal communication and documentary record of the modern soldier. This article discusses the preliminary findings of the project’s survey of veterans’ and active-duty personnel’s use of communication and documentary methods.
Case report. Cystic lesions of the maxilla – clinical considerations and differential diagnosis
Authors: Lapusneanu Lucian , Radulescu Marlena , Arhire Adrian , Filip Andreea
Published: May 2017

Cystic lesions of the maxilla are benign entities with both odontogenic and non-odontogenic origins. The maxillary cyst is a benign tumor of the bones of the jaw, which has a membrane and contains a fluid, semi-solid or mixed (liquid / semi-gaseous) material. These often lead to deformities in the jaw area. Cases are specific by framing pathological rarity, etiology, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms.

Considering the large entity of cystic formations that can be found in the maxilla region, we selected two patients with cystic formations of the upper jaw, which were part of different pathological etiology categories, with special rarity occurring, evolutionary appearance and difficult to classify in terms of pathognomonic signs.
Thermo-Hydraulic Behaviour of Coolant in Nuclear Reactor VVER-440 Under Refuelling Conditions
Authors: Paulech Juraj , Kutiš Vladimír , Gálik Gabriel , Jakubec Jakub , Sedlár Tibor
Published: May 2017

The paper presents the numerical simulation of thermo-hydraulic behaviour of coolant in the VVER- 440 nuclear reactor under standard outage conditions. Heating-up and flow of coolant between the reactor pressure vessel and spent fuel storage pool are discussed.
Die richtige Mischung? Ein randomisiertes Experiment zur Datenqualität bei der Kombination von Telefon- und Onlineerhebung in der empirischen Sozialforschung
Authors: Krug Gerhard , Carstensen Johann , Kriwy Peter
Published: May 2017

Der Beitrag untersucht die Datenqualität einer kombinierten Telefon- und Onlinebefragung. Solche Mixed-Mode-Designs werden in der deutschen akademischen Sozialforschung noch relativ selten eingesetzt, obwohl damit eine Reihe von Vorteilen verbunden sein kann. Allerdings können sich auch negative Effekte aus einer Kombination von Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen ergeben. Im Rahmen eines randomisierten Experimentes werden eine Single-Mode-Telefonbefragung und eine Mixed-Mode-Telefon-/Onlinebefragung hinsichtlich mehrerer Indikatoren der Datenqualität untersucht. Vorteilhafte Effekte zeigt die Mixed-Mode-Erhebung bezüglich einer erhöhten Responserate. Zudem liegen die soziodemographischen Merkmale der Befragten näher an der Grundgesamtheit und Antworten auf sensitive Fragen weisen geringere Messfehler auf. Andererseits erhöht sich die Antwortverweigerung, allerdings nur unter sehr spezifischen (und vermeidbaren) Bedingungen.
20 Years of the Croatian Capital Market
Authors: Šeba Mihaela Grubišić
Published: May 2017

From 1990s to the end of 2006 there have been two stock exchanges in Croatia - an official stock exchange in Zagreb and a so-called alternative capital market in Varaždin. The Zagreb stock exchange had a dominant role in the Western Balkan region until 2008, when its market capitalisation significantly decreased because of the influence of the global financial crisis and the economic downturn of the country. This paper analyses gradual regulatory and institutional development of the Croatian capital market, emergence and strengthening of institutional investors and assets under their management, key market development indicators related to market supply and demand and investor protection mechanisms. The research presented in this paper has shown the crucial role of regulation in attracting investors and sustaining their presence in the market. It also recommends more active role of regulation and stock exchange towards the issuers and small investors to encourage constant supply of corporate securities.
The Analysis of Corporative Reporting Designed to Enhance Corporate Governance: Evidence from the Banking Sector in Croatia
Authors: Kokotec Ivana Đunđek , Čalopa Marina Klačmer , Detelj Kristina
Published: May 2017

The main objective of this research paper is to examine whether the practice of corporate governance (CG) measured by the CGI-Crobank® index is significant for the explanation of variations in the performance of Croatian banks measured by the return on assets, return on equity, interest margin, margin of non-interest income, operating expenses margin, and by Tobin’s Q for the observed period from 2011 to 2015. The research is made on Croatian banks that form the CGI-Crobank® index using the data and information from annual questionnaires of CG codex, primarily to ensure objectivity, standardization and comparability. The goal of the literature analysis was to show present findings in the areas of corporate reporting and its impact on CG. Results obtained in the research indicate that a well implemented practice of corporate governance measured by the CGI-Crobank® index have influence on the variations in the performance of Croatian banks measured by Tobin’s Q and financial indicators.
Autocatalytic and Non-Catalytic Oxidation of Manganese(II) on a Platinum Electrode in Acetic Buffer
Authors: Tikhonov Konstantin G.
Published: May 2017

The influence of acetate on Mn2+ oxidation by a platinum electrode has been investigated in aqueous solution with cyclic voltammetry. It is found that acetate at concentrations below 0.5 M gives rise to autocatalytic oxidation of Mn2+ with MnO2 serving as the catalyst, while in 0.5–1 M acetate (as well as in the absence of acetate) Mn2+ is oxidized non-catalytically. The autocatalytic oxidation is revealed by a separate voltammetric wave which has a much sharper rise and a lower potential compared to non-catalytic waves, by a sigmoid kinetics during chronoamperometry and by an enhanced Mn2+ uptake with electrodeposited MnO2. The increase in temperature and Mn2+ concentration promotes autocatalysis while acidification and the increase in sweep rate inhibits it that is thought to be due to the acceleration or delay of MnO2 formation from Mn3+. It is suggested that acetate acts in two ways: (1) thermodynamically stabilizes Mn3+ by complexation to enable the autocatalytic reaction Mn2++MnO2+OAc−+H+↔Mn3+−OAc+ MnIIIOOH and (2) delays the formation of MnO2 (presumably on the stage of Mn(III) crystallization) which leads to the inhibition of autocatalysis at high acetate concentrations.