bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prioritization of climate induced gender specific vulnerability issues in crop and dairy enterprises
Authors: CHAKRAVARTY RITU , PONNUSAMY KUPPUSAMY , SENDHIL R
Published: November 2022

The study identified and prioritized the climate induced gender specific vulnerability of the selected households pursuing crop and dairy enterprises in the three villages, one each from Karnal, Yamunanagar and Sirsa districts of Haryana, adopted under the Technology Demonstration Component of the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project. As per the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, data were collected from 90 households (30 households / village) and then computed the overall vulnerability index based on the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indices, using 17 indicators extracted through Principal Component Analysis. High vulnerability was found in 21.11% households (mean vulnerability index value of 0.6201) and 41.11% households were found vulnerable to a medium level (mean vulnerability index value 0.3631). Significant difference was revealed in the overall exposure and overall adaptive capacity between districts. The overall vulnerability was found highest in Yamunanagar (0.3846), followed by Sirsa (0.3671) and Karnal (0.3043) districts. The identified gender prioritization of vulnerability issues needs to be addressed in each district as well as on aggregate basis for increasing resilience and decreasing gendered household vulnerability.
Impact analysis of Farmer FIRST Programme in Haryana
Authors: Manjeet Manjeet , Malik Joginder Singh , Niwas Ram , Kumar Rupender
Published: November 2022

The study was carried out to assess the impact of Farmer FISRT Programme on agricultural practices and economics in two purposively selected districts of Haryana namely Karnal and Hisar where Farmer FIRST programme was implemented by NDRI and CCSHAU respectively. In total 240 farmers, viz. 120 farmers from each district comprising 60 farmers each from adopted and non-adopted villages were selected at random as a beneficiary and non-beneficiary for present study. The study was conducted in 2018 and impacts of FFP were assessed using standard methodology. Results revealed that beneficiaries of FFP had high extension contact (41.67%), mass media exposure (25.00%), scientific orientation (72.50%), economic motivation (65.84%) and risk orientation (25.84%). The findings of the study revealed that there was a considerable difference between adopted and non-adopted villages about the concerning farmers' adoption of recommended agricultural practices, viz. information of seed and variety, on water supply, fertilizer management, weed management, plant protection, information of marketing and the information of supporting factors. This showed the positive impact of FFP on agricultural practices and made a desirable outcome in the study. Based on the finding government should implement such programme on broad level to increase the interaction between farmer and scientist community.
Root architectural traits and yield stability in popular wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties of India
Authors: Bainsla Naresh Kumar , Singh Vikram , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Manjeet , Yadav Rajbir , Sharma Ambrish K , Sakhare Akshay K , Sharma Ram Kumar
Published: November 2022

The root system architecture has bearing on realizing the yield potential of genotypes. The 24 popular wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties released during the last 50 years for North Western Plain Zone (NWPZ) of India were used to study root traits and yield contributing traits two years and three locations. Association between the deeper root angles and yield were significant and the number of tillers is also associated with the number and angular distribution of crown roots. There is a relative adjustment in yield attributing and root architectural traits of varieties. The varieties HD3086, PBW502, WH1124, DPW621-50, PBW550 and WH1105 have largely modulated the yield through root traits while, the varieties DBW17, WH1142, HD2967, HD2009 and HD2687 have modulated yield through TGW and tillers along with roots. The other old varieties were modulating yield through aboveground traits only. There were significant genotypic effects for deeper crown root angles, days to heading, and tillers per meter square and thousand-grain weight. WH1080 has the best combination of all the traits. The genotype × environment and environmental effects were significant for other traits. Inclusion of crown root angles, mesocotyl length along with other above-ground traits in selection can help in designing better genotypes for future.
Long-term influence of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon and microbial diversity
Authors: Yadav Dhinu , Wati Leela , Yadav Dharam Bir , Kumar Ashok
Published: November 2022

The physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil may be modified by long-term tillage practices and crop-rotations. The tillage system, may also affect soil properties under various climatic conditions. In present investigation, soil microbial diversity at different depths was studied in long term tillage experiment continued since 1997-98 (pearl millet-wheat), 2000-01 (sorghum-wheat) and 2015-16 (mungbean-wheat) that was carried out in sandy loam textured soil at Hisar (Haryana) during 2017-18, with 20 years of zero tillage (ZT) under sorghum-wheat, 17 years under pearl millet-wheat and 2 years under mungbean-wheat cropping system, respectively. Adoption of ZT practice positively affected soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity and viable counts of microbes. So, indicating that ZT is an effective measure to improve the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil that may lead to improved soil health along with enhanced crop productivity.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK DENGAN METODE RGEC PADA PT BANK CENTRAL ASIA, TBK (BCA) PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Rini Dwiastutiningsih  , Dadi Kuswandi  , Titah Ayu
Published: November 2022

Lembaga perbankan merupakan salah satu aktivitas perekonomian yang memiliki peranan penting didalam dunia keuangan. Salah satu peranan bank adalah menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dan menyalurkan kembali dana kepada masyarakat. Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Bank dimaksudkan agar perbankan dapat menilai keberhasilan sistem perbankan dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Adanya krisis global dan menurunnya simpanan masyarakat membuat perbankan harus menjaga dana yang dibutuhkan untuk menjaga likuiditas perbankan melalui tingkat suku bunga yang tinggi. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), Tbk dengan menggunakan metode RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital) pada periode tahun 2017-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif melalui  data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian dari analisis tingkat kesehatan bank dengan metode RGEC pada PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), Tbk periode 2017-2021 dalam kondisi “Sangat Sehat”. Dilihat dari faktor Risk Profile yang dinilai dengan rasio NPL Gross mendapatkan predikat "Sangat Sehat" dan rasio LDR PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), Tbk mendapatkan predikat "Sehat". Pada faktor Good Corporate Governance (GCG) pada PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), Tbk mampu menerapkan penilaian GCG dengan "Sangat Baik" dan manajemen       sudah menerapkan self-assessment. Pada faktor Earnings yang dinilai dengan rasio Return On Assets (ROA) dan rasio Net Interest Margin (NIM) PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), Tbk mendapatkan predikat "Sangat Sehat". Pada faktor Capital yang dinilai dengan rasio Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) mendapat predikat "Sangat Sehat”.
Tension Faced By Doctors Between Professional Ethics And Institutional Demands
Authors:   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology D.Y.PATILUniversity, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, A.K. Anjali , Pereira Treville ,   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology D.Y.PATILUniversity, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Vidhale Rutuja ,   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology D.Y.PATILUniversity, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Babu Cathy ,   Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology D.Y.PATILUniversity, School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Published: November 2022

Ethical standards are the underpinning of medical practice and practising it is considered to be devotional. 21 century marks the oppressed period for health practitioners as many of them face challenges in day-to-day practice. And as a result, these doctors are facing tension against the ill treatment towards them. These days, health practitioners face threat from many strata of individuals asking them to modify or even change certain data so as to benefit the said person. Such unethical practices have made the public lose trust in them. In order to overcome such issues, the health care professionals need to be given ample amount of rest period so as to relax their body and mind through strategic approach. Along with this, proper government rules should be passed in order to stop such deceitful practices with no loopholes available. The management of stress shall drastically decrease with the above two measure along with which good leadership skills and strategic interventions are needed for the same. The managerial tools shall be taken into consideration by various doctors and thereby channelize them into making good. This review mainly focuses on the effectiveness of measures implemented to reduce tension and how to endure it.
Bleeding in Office Dental Practice: Does it bother you?
Authors:   Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Choradia Smriti , Andrade Neelam ,   Department of Oral & Maxillofacial,  Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai
Published: November 2022

More than expected bleeding complicates several office dental procedures thereby leading to increased morbidity or an aversion towards similar surgeries in the near future in a clinician’s mind. Though most research labels dental surgical procedures as minor surgeries which obviously has a minimal bleeding risk, nevertheless the chances of the such bleeding increases in patients on anticoagulant therapy. In cases known for having pre-existing diseases such as hereditary bleeding disorders viz. von Willebrand disease, Hemophilia, etc. or those with a past history of exacerbated bleeding present to the clinician a definitive need for use of local/interventional methods to control such bleeding. Through this paper, an attempt is being made to discuss in substantial detail the mode of action, uses, efficacy with side and adverse effects of currently available local hemostats (agents and drugs) for office dental surgery.
Determination of Mesiodistal and Cervico – Incisal dimensions in permanent maxillary lateral incisors as an aid in genderdetermination.
Authors:   BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Yadav Shraddha , Sakshi Sneha ,   BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Awasthi Sonal ,   BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, George Jiji ,   Department of Oral Pathology & Dental Anatomy, BBD College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow
Published: November 2022

The Purpose of this study is to examine the mesiodistal and cervico-incisal dimensions of maxillary lateral incisors among the population of Lucknow. Total of maxillary permanent lateral incisors in 50 Males and 50 Females were examined. It was found that Males have larger sized teeth than Females. Sex determination is considered as an important step in reconstructing the biological profile of unknown individuals in forensic investigations.
Entre nuvens e trincheiras: trajetórias do jornalista Antônio Machado Sant'Anna (1940-1966)
Authors: Carvalho Yuri Araujo
Published: November 2022

Antônio Machado Sant’Anna foi jornalista, político e empresário, além de figura destacada em Ribeirão Preto no século XX. O livro analisa a trajetória de Machado Sant’Anna, sobretudo, quando atuou como diretor dos jornais locais A Tarde (entre 1940 e 1955) e Diário da Manhã (entre 1955 e 1966). Machado Sant’Anna era alinhado à defesa do anticomunismo (escorado no repertório liberal, cristão e nacionalista) e do municipalismo (descentralizador, nacionalista e urbano-agrarista), obtendo posições de destaque na sociedade civil e no meio político, onde estabeleceu alianças e desafetos com diversos sujeitos e instituições de dimensões regional, estadual e nacional. Amparada no aporte teórico-metodológico gramsciano a respeito da integralidade do Estado e do papel dos aparelhos privados de hegemonia para a garantia do consenso das camadas subalternas, o livro explora diversos documentos (jornais, revistas, documentos legislativos e repressivos) para refletir sobre os caminhos trilhados por Machado Sant’Anna, expondo os projetos de manutenção da hegemonia burguesa.
Apuntes de una reforma tributaria ambiental en la tarifa electrica, para la sostenibilidad de la industria en España. Situación crítica en el sector minero
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez-Maroto Carlos
Published: November 2022

En este trabajo se analizan las distintas normativas españolas de energía y electricidad, así como las estrategias aprobadas, en una situación de grave crisis energética, y se expone propuesta de reforma en la tarifa eléctrica en nuestro país, respecto al impuesto especial de electricidad, para aliviar la enorme carga que está soportando la industria, algunos de cuyos sectores se encuentran en situación crítica como es el de la minería.
The Influence of Agrotechnical Factors on Productivity Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: POIŠA LIENA , ANTIPOVA LIDIA
Published: November 2022

The topicality of the topic is due to the need to develop the production of energy crops, in particular hemp, given the limited amount of available minerals for the needs of heat supply. Hemp is suitable for biofuel production as a profitable crop with a wide range of uses. For the purpose of the study, the authors assessed the influence of agrotechnical factors on the productivity of sowing and quality indicators of hemp seeds for the production of solid fuel in Latvia. The Polish hemp variety “Bialobrzeskie” and the Latvian hemp variety “Pūriņi” were evaluated for application of 3 doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Analyzes are used, which are classified as systemic, statistical and comparative. Research methods are applied: generally accepted in crop production, field and laboratory – to clarify the interaction of the object of research with agrotechnical and natural abiotic factors; calculated and weighted – to determine the productivity of crops; calculation and comparison; mathematical and statistical (dispersion) – for assessing the probability of research results. It was determined that for fibrous hemp, the dry matter yield of the stem ranges from 6.5 to 11.0 t/ha, and the seed yield is 0.7-1.4 t/ha. The productivity of hemp significantly depends on agrotechnical factors, in particular, on the variety and application of fertilizers, because these component technologies significantly affect the yield and quality indicators of seeds for the production of solid biofuel. The hemp variety “Pūriņi” is less productive than the hemp variety “Bialobrzeskie”, even with the use of N100 nitrogen fertilizer dose. The dose of nitrogen fertilizers affects such energy parameters as ash content and the highest calorific value. The research revealed a significant (Р<0.05) influence of the trunk fraction on productivity, the highest calorific value and ash content. The scientific novelty is that the impact of the variety and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on productivity, including the energy properties of hemp, has been evaluated, and the practical value is in the improvement of the technology of growing hemp by correctly selecting the variety and optimizing the dose of nitrogen fertilizers to create high-quality products for heating and use of waste-free technologies
مقاصد المعاملات ومراصد الواقعات
Authors: بن بيه عبد الله
Published: November 2022

يتناول هذا الكتاب مسائل معاصرة في قضايا الأموال والمعاملات، مُعنْونة في مجموعة من البحوث، تميّزت بشيوع الروح المقاصدية، وذلك على اعتبار أن المقاصد أصبحت مرجعا أعلى ومعيارا أسمى في مواقع الاجتهاد التي تغلب على جل القضايا المعاصرة، كالأزمة المالية الموجودة حاليا. فجاءت محاولة من الشيخ العلامة بن بية في تلمُّس واقع عالمي جديد قائم على مبادئ العدالة والأمن، خاصة في المجال الاقتصادي، حيث يتعرض في دراسته للأزمة المالية التي تسبب فيها النظام الرأسمالي الربوي في إخلال الإستقرار في العالم الحديث.
المقاصد في المناسك
Authors: أبو سليمان عبد الوهاب
Published: November 2022

يلقي هذا الكتاب الأضواء على الأسرار والمقاصد الكامنة وراء مناسك الحج والعمرة، ليربط المسلم بين عمله التعبدي في أداء النسك، وبين المعاني والحكم والأسرار التي أرادها الشارع وكشف عنها العلماء، وهي الحصول على المنافع المادية والمعنوية الكثيرة والمتنوّعة. وفصل المؤلف الأستاذ الدكتور عبد الوهاب أبو سليمان في شرح هذه المقاصد، وقسّمها إلى مقاصد عقائدية، وتشريعية فقهية، وعلمية فكرية، واقتصادية، واجتماعية، ليكون عدد المقاصد في نهاية بحث المؤلف ثلاثة وعشرين مقصدا.
Late Arabic Scientific Commentaries;THEIR ROLE AND THEIR ORIGINALITY; WORKS OF SHAMS AL-DĪN AL-KHAFRĪ (1550 C.E./956 A.H.)
Authors: SALIBA GEORGE
Published: November 2022

The book at hand focuses on the importance of scientific commentaries, especially manuscripts on astronomy, authored between the thirteenth and the sixteenth century. Dr Saliba demonstrates that particular commentaries were distinguished by the introduction of new scientific thinking, and also a level of astronomical mathematical sophistication that outmatched any of the earlier works that were produced within the Islamic civilisation, and, in some instances, even surpassed the contemporary scientific works that were produced in Europe at the time. Dr Saliba attributes the lack of scholarly attention to late scientific commentaries to a number of reasons, most prominently: the difficulty in reading late commentaries, absence of explanatory illustrations, and a perpetuated misconception that following the classical or golden age of Islam, there was nothing worth studying in terms of cultural output.
الأصالة والإبداع العلمي في الشروح والتعليقات العلمية المتأخرة في الحضارة الإسلامية: أعمال شمس الدين الخفري (956هـ/1550م)
Authors: صليبا جورج
Published: November 2022

الكتاب الذي بين أيدينا يركز على الأهمية العلمية للشروح - خاصة مخطوطات علم الفلك - التى تم تأليفها بين القرن الثالث عشر والقرن السادس عشر. وقد أثبت الدكتور صليبا أن شروحاً بعينها تميزت بتقديم فكر علمي جديد بل وأفرزت مستوى راق من التطور الحسابى الفلكي، فاق كل ما سبق من الأعمال التى صدرت ضمن الحضارة الإسلامية، وفى بعض الاحيان تفوقت على الأعمال العلمية المعاصرة من إنتاج أوروبا فى ذلك الوقت. ويرجع الدكتور صليبا ذلك غياب ألإهتمام العلمي الكافي بالشروح المتأخرة لأسباب أهمها: صعوبة قراءة الشروح المتأخرة، و عدم وجود الرسوم التوضيحية فيها وتوارث المفهوم الخاطئ ، والذي مفاده أنه ليس هناك إنتاج ثقافى يستحق الدراسة بعد انقضاء العصر الذهبى للإسلام.
Assessment of Socioeconomic and Climate Change-related Factors to Meeting Recommended Energy Intake (REI) of Filipino Households
Authors: Duante Charmaine , Austria Rovea Ernazelle , Borigas John Michael , Acuin Cecilia
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and climate change-related factors associated with meeting recommended energy intake (REI) among Filipino households. This paper utilized data from selected components of the 2013 National Nutrition Survey (NNS) and 2015 Updating Survey of the Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI), typhoon/flood occurrence from online reports of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) and drought data for the first quarter (Q1) of 2015 from the Philippine Rice Information System (PRiSM) of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Multiple logistic regression using the backward elimination method was done and post-estimation tests were applied to the final model. Filipino households with more than three members were food insecure and were poor were less likely to meet the REI. On the other hand, households engaged in agricultural work, having a member working abroad, residing in rural areas, and shorter time lag exposure to typhoons/floods were more likely to meet REI. Filipino households in Mindanao, meanwhile, were less likely to meet REI if they had more than three members and were food insecure and more likely to meet REI if they were engaged in agricultural work. The study provides a snapshot of a seemingly minute but significant facet of the health and nutrition situation in the Philippines, which is meeting the REI at the household level in relation to exposure to extreme weather events such as typhoons, floods, and drought brought about by climate change. The results of the study may provide vital inputs to climate change adaptation programs of the government for vulnerable population groups, particularly among farming- and fishing-dependent households who will likely absorb the long-term impact of the extreme weather events to their livelihoods.
Genome-wide Association Mapping for the Identification of SNPs Controlling Lateral Root Plasticity in Selected Rice Germplasms of the Philippines
Authors: Niones Jonathan
Published: November 2022

Lateral root plasticity is a key adaptive mechanism for drought and fluctuating moisture-induced stresses in rice. Thus, understanding the genetic control of lateral root plasticity is important to enhance the climate-resilience and productivity of rice in abiotic stressed-prone environments. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted on a selected panel of traditional rice varieties (TRVs) to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with root plasticity traits under different gradients of soil moisture stress. A total of 17 SNPs, which were significantly correlated to root plasticity traits under soil moisture stress conditions, were located in six chromosomes (2, 5, 7, 9, 10, and 12). Additionally, the accessions that showed high plasticity in total lateral root length (TLRL) under severe drought were identified from among the TRVs and assumed to possess the lone SNP associated with the trait found in Chromosome 2. Specifically, the Baksalan Kawalwal accession showed an increase in L-type lateral root length under fluctuating soil moistures (SMF) (+10.31 m) and progressive drought (PDR) (+0.90 m), relative to their continuously waterlogged (CWL) counterparts under rootbox pinboard system. This may suggest the performance of the SNP in controlling the promotion of lateral roots. Furthermore, a possible candidate gene found near the SNP in Chromosome 2 is a member of PYR/PYL/RCAR-like protein family of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, likely suggesting that plasticity in lateral root development in rice under severe drought could be regulated by ABA. Taken together, these novel root plasticity SNPs and the respective candidate genes on Chromosome 2 have potential use in developing climate-smart rice varieties.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Macroeconomy: Evidence from the ASEAN Region
Authors: Buenavista Mari Joy , Palanca-Tan Rosalina
Published: November 2022

This paper examined the effects of income, trade, and foreign direct investments (FDI) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries for the period of 1970–2011 using the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation method. The results of the study were consistent with the environmental Kuznet’s curve (EKC) hypothesis – CO2 emissions increase as per capita GDP increases up to a certain income threshold, beyond which further increase in income is accompanied by lower emissions. However, the threshold per capita GDP (estimated to be USD 20,017) is way above the income levels of the ASEAN countries (with the exception of Brunei and Singapore). This suggests that most of the ASEAN region will still be in the upward-sloping portion of the EKC for several more years, and this necessitates an economic growth strategy that includes a stringent program to curb CO2 emissions. Nonetheless, both trade and FDIs do not significantly contribute to CO2 emissions in the ASEAN region, auguring well for the trade- and FDI-oriented development strategies adopted by most ASEAN member countries. Since low-carbon technologies and production methods are owned by high-income investing countries, trade and FDI can also be encouraged to facilitate and hasten the transfer of low-carbon technologies to the fast-developing countries of the ASEAN region.
Science and Technology Intervention Strategy on Complementary Feeding to Improve the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Two Yolanda Disasters Areas in the Philippines: Evidences from the Grounds
Authors: Rongavilla Emily , Dorado Julieta , Caraig Georgina , Viajar Rowena , Azaña Glenda , Ferrer Eldridge , Domiquel Dovie , Ygaña Jennilyn , Capanzana Mario
Published: November 2022

The project aimed to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition among 6–35-mo-old children, and to determine the implementation of intervention strategy through process evaluation in a disaster area affected by super typhoon "Yolanda". The effects of the intervention on the nutritional status and food intake of children-participants, as well as the nutrition knowledge of their mothers and caregivers in disaster-stricken areas, were determined. The project covered 344 underweight and normal weight-for-age infants and young children 6–35-moold in four barangays each in Jaro, Leyte and Basey, Samar, Philippines. The planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and process evaluation phases of implementing a nutrition intervention were documented. Weights and heights/lengths of children and food intake were taken before and after the intervention. The children-participants were fed for 4 mo with complementary foods, while their mothers/caregivers were taught about health and nutrition concepts. A significant increase in the mean weight and height/length of childrenparticipants after 120 feeding days and the improvement in the energy and protein intakes of the children were observed. However, these increases had no significant impact on the overall nutritional status of children living in a disaster area. Likewise, a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores of their mothers/caregivers on breastfeeding and food safety at endline (p < 0.001) was noted. The implementation was closely monitored following some guidelines and its feasibility in a disaster situation. The intervention strategy provided an option of doing nutritional assessment and implementing a food-based and education intervention for mother and child during the rehabilitation phase of a disaster.
Colonization and Various Parameters Affecting Egg Hatch and Development of the Old Balara Strain (Philippines), Aedes aegypti
Authors: Obra Glenda , Javier-Hila Abigaile Mia
Published: November 2022

Aedes aegypti strain obtained from field collections in Old Balara, Quezon City, Philippines was colonized at the Department of Science and Technology–Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) laboratory. The number of eggs and their weight followed a significant linear relationship for the Ae. aegypti colony. Storing the hatching solution composed of nutrient broth (NB) and brewer’s yeast (BY) longer for at least 16 h hatched the mosquito fastest within 4h. Among the different ages tested, 2-wk-old eggs had the highest hatch rate. After collecting eggs from rearing cages, eggs for 6 wk still produced a high hatch rate and pupal recovery. Mosquito eggs can be effectively stored in cup and ziplock with a hatch rate of at least 77% on the third week, and at least 71% on the fourth week. Eggs stored in plastic cups can be best stored at 17–20 °C in the incubator 4 wk without a decrease in hatch rate. Eggs at these temperatures still produced about 50% egg hatch even until 3 mo.
Grass/Soil Concentration Ratios (CRs) of Natural 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in Vetiveria zizanioides (Vetiver Grass) in Thailand
Authors: Chantarot Chittranuch , Mungpayaban Harinate , Saenboonruang Kiadtisak
Published: November 2022

This work investigated the grass/soil concentration ratios (CRs) of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in vetiver grass collected from three different regions of Thailand using an HPGe (high-purity germanium) gamma spectrometer. The sampled grass blades were divided into three equal parts to investigate the dependence of grass/soil CRs on the positions of grass blades. The results showed that 40K had the highest grass/soil CRs due to being an essential nutrient for most plants, with ranges of 1.12–7.92, in comparison with 226Ra and 232Th that had ranges of 0.32–1.48 and 0.20–1.31, respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the natural radionuclides investigated were uniformly transferred and accumulated throughout grass blades (p < 0.05), which implied the independence of CRs on the section of the leaf. Furthermore, it was found that the soil samples collected from the central region of Thailand had the highest activity concentrations in all radionuclides, mainly due to a primary composition of dark clay, leading to the highest contents of potassium and calcium (Total K and Total Ca, respectively), and the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) that led to high concentrations of nutrients and radionuclides. Based on the results from this work, the vetiver grass presented potentials to be utilized as radionuclide absorbers in polluted soil and water due to its high CRs in comparison with other reported plants.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplotype Analysis of the Endemic and Critically Endangered Philippine Cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia P.L.S. Müller, 1776)
Authors: Que Gerard Clinton , Widmann Indira Dayang , Widmann Peter , Naval Dione Gale , Fontanilla Ian Kendrich
Published: November 2022

The Philippine cockatoo or “katala” (Cacatua haematuropygia) is a Critically Endangered parrot species endemic to the Philippines with an estimated wild population of up to 1,120 individuals. Threats to its continued existence include habitat destruction and poaching for the pet trade. While protected populations exist in Palawan under the care of the Katala Foundation Inc., no previous genetic studies aimed at quantifying genetic diversity in the protected populations have been done. This study examines two mitochondrial genes, ND2 and COX1, in protected populations of the katala. ND2 was sequenced for 101 individuals while for COX1, 103 individuals were successfully sequenced. Results show that very few haplotypes are present for both ND2 and COX1 and there is a possible reduction of genetic diversity over time. In addition, the nuclear gene TGFB2 was examined for 31 individuals. TGFB2 sequences were highly similar, further supporting the hypothesis of a possible genetic bottleneck. Future conservation work and breeding efforts for the species should consider the possible consequences of reduced genetic diversity.
Vegetation Analysis of Sanctuary and Forest Areas of Kalahan Forest Reserve Nueva Vizcaya and Pangasinan, Philippines
Authors: Pulhin Florencia , Torres Alfie , Pampolina Nelson , Lasco Rodel , Alducente Angela Marie
Published: November 2022

Many areas in the country are rich in biodiversity but are not assessed as they are not part of the identified protected areas of the country. One of which is the Kalahan Forest Reserve (KFR) managed by the Ikalahans, a cultural minority group that practices sustainable agroforestry systems. The study used a modified quadrat sampling method (QSM) where a total of eight 1-km transect with 20-m width were established to assess the biodiversity of the area. The sampling was undertaken in three layers: overstorey (10 plots each measuring 10 m x 10 m, spaced 100 m away from each other in each 1-km transect), intermediate (3 m x 3 m inside the 10 m x 10 m plot), and understorey (1 m x 1 m inside the 3 m x 3 m plot). Results of the study show that Benguet pine (Pinus insularis Endl) and brown oak (Quercus semecarpifolia Sm.) have high importance values of 49.07 and 45.80, respectively. Moreover, the results of the study indicate that KFR has very high biological diversity as manifested by the value of Shannon-Weiner (3.50) and the Shannon diversity index scale of Fernando. In terms of the presence of endemic species, KFR is home to 50 endemic species or has 45% endemism. Based on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and DAO 2017-11 KFR has three threatened, two endangered, and three vulnerable species. Considering these results, KFR is worthy to be protected to conserve and enhance its biodiversity.
Rapid Survey of Anuran Species in Baguio-Benguet Area and Isolation of their Fungal Symbionts
Authors: Pelingen Arthien Lovell , Flores Camille Andrea , Briz Axel John , Hipol Roland , Austria Celia
Published: November 2022

Baguio City is one of the fastest-growing centers of urbanization in the Philippines. As part of the Cordillera Mountain Range, it is a biodiversity hotspot that is largely unexplored. This study is a preliminary investigation using visual encounter surveys of anuran species in various localities of the Baguio-Benguet area (BBA). These include Loakan Airport (LA), Camp John Hay (CJH), and Soroptimist Compound (SC) at the Military Cut Off, all in Baguio; Nangalisan, Tuba (NT), Benguet; and Master’s Garden (MG) at Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet. We documented three Luzon-endemic species of frogs – namely, Kaloula rigida (Family Microhylidae), Sanguirana luzonensis (Family Ranidae), and Limnonectes macrocephalus (Family Dicroglossidae); one Philippine-endemic species, Kaloula picta (Family Microhylidae); and an invasive species, Rhinella marina (Family Bufonidae). The pathogenic fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was not detected in this study, but several cosmopolitan fungal species were isolated from the anuran integument – including Penicillium spp., Cladosporium sp., Talaromyces sp., Mucor sp., and Rhodotorula sp. The results of the study highlight the importance of regional surveys of urbanized areas in the country in aiding the conservation and preservation efforts for the remaining wildlife. Anthropogenic factors like logging and conversion of forested areas to commercial spaces, which lead to habitat degradation and catastrophic events, are still the leading threats to this understudied but presumed species-rich area. To date, this is the first update on anuran biodiversity in BBA after Inger’s study in 1954, and the first survey of fungi association with the amphibian integument in the Cordillera Administrative Region. Hence, further taxonomic and conservation research is recommended.
Detection of Forest Cover Disturbances Using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Time Series Data in the Mount Pulag National Park: A Key Biodiversity Area in Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Daipan Bernard Peter
Published: November 2022

Forest cover disturbances continue to occur at a very alarming rate, which greatly contributes to the loss of biodiversity resources. Therefore, an approach to detect and measure historical deforestation would be of utmost importance – particularly in the near real-time forest monitoring and management, biodiversity conservation, and estimation of carbon emissions. This study introduced a simple approach using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time-series data, primarily the C-band Sentinel-1A (S1A) VH-polarization with a 10-m resolution, in detecting forest cover disturbances from 2016–2019 in Mount Pulag National Park (MPNP), a protected area (PA) within the island of Luzon and a priority biodiversity conservation area. The process involved using codes in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to produce a forest cover disturbance map; a grid-based geospatial and statistical analysis using the geographic information system; and data validation, and determination of possible causes of disturbances using Google Earth Pro (GEP). The results derived from Sentinel-1 data were also compared to existing optical data, which is a Landsat-based generated disturbance map. The output of this paper revealed that a total of 577 forest disturbances, with an equivalent area of 154.58 ha, were detected from a three-year period. For Landsat-generated data, 402 disturbances were detected with an area of 176.07 ha. However, based on the accuracy assessment using positive predictive value (PPV), the radar data produced higher accuracy (80%) compared to the optical data (73%). The visual observation and interpretation of satellite imageries made it clear that the primary drivers of forest cover disturbances in Mount Pulag are agricultural expansion (48%), forest clearings (26%), landslides (12%), slash-and-burn or “kaingin” (12%), and forest fires (2%).
DNA Barcoding of Dominant Species in the Sardine Fishery of Northern Mindanao
Authors: Labrador Kevin , Agmata Altair , Palermo Joseph Dominic , de Guzman Asuncion , Abdon Naguit Maria Rio , Garcia Jerry , Pante Maria Josefa
Published: November 2022

DNA barcoding was done to identify the dominant species of sardines that comprised the landed catch of the sardine fishery in the Northern Mindanao Region (NMR), and juveniles or "lupoy" in the Northern Zamboanga Peninsula (NZP). Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) minibarcodes were sequenced for all samples, while 16S ribosomal subunit sequences were obtained from a subset of samples. In reference to a previously reported land catch survey, sequence data confirmed the identity of the most dominant sardines in NMR and lupoy from NZP as Sardinella lemuru. Meanwhile, those reported as S. gibbosa were identified as Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus, while those reported as S. pacifica were identified as the recently described S. goni. Results highlight: 1) the limitation in identifying sardines during land catch surveys without further taxonomic verification, and 2) the utility of DNA barcoding as a tool for species identification. Moreover, genetic data revealed that S. goni occurs in the fisheries of NMR, thereby expanding its known habitat range. Since this study was limited only in using DNA barcodes for identification, a detailed morphological examination of the dominant sardines is recommended.
First Report on the Characterization of Genetic Diversity of Philippine-reared Bombyx mori Strains Based on COI and ITS2
Authors: Alcudia-Catalma Ma. Neda , Conde Ma. Ysabella Elaine , Dee Tan Ivan , Bautista Ma. Anita
Published: November 2022

The mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, is known to produce silk and was introduced to the Philippines from China, Japan, Korea, and India. The silkworm germplasm in the Philippines is sourced from three centers located in regions that vary in climatic conditions: Philippine Textile Research Institute–Technology Center Misamis Oriental (PTRI-TCMO); Department of Science and Technology– Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in La Trinidad, Benguet; and the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University–Sericulture Research and Development Institute (DMMMSU-SRDI), La Union. To date, associated information with the centers’ germplasm constitutes differences in biological and productive traits such as yield and quality of raw silk. It lacks genetic information on strain diversity, which provide basis for the efficient selection of parental strains with traits of economic interest. This study aimed to characterize, for the first time, the genetic diversity of 17 pure lines as parental strains. Genetic variation was evaluated using the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). BLAST analysis of the COI and ITS2 sequences confirmed the identity of B. mori strains. Phylogenetic trees constructed from COI sequences formed a monophyletic clade, while the trees based on ITS2 sequences formed two distinct clusters. The pairwise distances based on the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model between the B. moristrains ranged from 0–0.003 for COI and from 0–0.002 for ITS2, indicating low genetic variation for the corresponding molecular markers. Variation in the COI gene determined four nucleotide changes while variations in the ITS2 sequences determined four to six nucleotide changes, except for one strain with higher nucleotide change. This study reports that the use of COI and ITS2 as markers was not able to genotypically differentiate the 17 strains, which appear different in terms of phenotypic characters, suggesting the use of other molecular markers to characterize not only the 17 strains but all other strains in the germplasm.
Genetic Divergence of Philippine Tarsiers, Based on the 12S rRNA Gene, and its Implication for Their Taxonomic and Conservation Status
Authors: Bejar Simeon Gabriel , Roño John Gregor , Duya Mariano Roy
Published: November 2022

The recent identification of distinct Philippine tarsier evolutionary lineages has raised concern over both the taxonomy and conservation status of the species across its geographical range. Its listing among the world’s most endangered primates from 2014–2016 further emphasized the need to address the previously unresolved issues regarding its taxonomy. However, the information needed for proper taxonomic resolution is still lacking. In this study, the genetic distances among the Philippine tarsier evolutionary lineages based on the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene were estimated and compared with those of Eastern tarsier species from Sulawesi in order to build on the existing genetic information about them. Maximum likelihood (ML) analyses and Bayesian inference (BI) were used to infer phylogenetic trees from which groupings were recovered. Phylogenetic relationships were supplemented by a median-joining haplotype network analysis. Monophyletic tarsier clades were supported by the inferred trees. Groups corresponding to evolutionary lineages and species identified in the respective reference literature were recovered within both the Philippine tarsier and the Eastern tarsier clades. Among the Philippine tarsier groups, only the Dinagat-Caraga group was both strongly supported and monophyletic, whereas other groups exhibited a mixture of some samples among various haplotype clades. Pairwise genetic GTR+G distances among the Philippine tarsier groups ranged from 0.76–1.31%, and were found to be within the range or even higher than some of the genetic distances among Eastern tarsier species that ranged from 0.67–3.96%. Patterns among pairwise genetic distances suggest possible species-level distinction among the Philippine tarsier groups, with particular emphasis on the Dinagat-Caraga group and a possibility of crypsis within the Mindanao group, although further taxonomic input following an integrative approach is still needed. Recommendations for the priority research steps that are geared toward resolving taxonomic iss
Antibacterial Activity and Silico Molecular Prediction of Snake Venoms (Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis) Against Some Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Sulaimon O. Muizz , Binta Garba Kurfi  , Magaji Sanusi , Olayele Gbenga Awujoola
Published: November 2022

Over the years, the venoms of various animals have been found to include a variety of antibacterial compounds. One of the greatest challenges of public health is multidrug-resistant bacteria strains which always call for new and potent antibacterial agent to help curb these strains of bacteria. In the quest to source antibacterial agents active against multidrug-resistant bacteria, this research work was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of crude venoms of B. arietans and N. nigricollis against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Current studies revealed that Puff adder (Bitis arietans) of the Viperidae family crude venom showed distinct antibacterial activity against the clinical isolates and more efficient than (Naja nigricollis) of Elapidae family as well as tested antibiotics available today. The methods include antibacterial activity screening assay, followed by scanning electron microscope and molecular docking techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for puff adder crude venom was 8 g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC. However, the MIC for common antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline) was in the range of 8-64 g/ml. The venom of the puff adder (Bitis arietans) exhibited antibacterial action against gram-positive bacteria through the cell wall and membrane damage, according to the results of scanning electron microscopy. The molecular docking established a mechanism of action between venom protein and the ligands in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria. The result identified high docking energy scores and interacting amino acid residue. Puff adder (Bitis arietans) of the Viperidae family crude venom demonstrates a workable source for investigating antimicrobial prototypes for upcoming novel antibiotics against clinical microorganisms with medication resistance.
Ricardo
Authors: Pérez Pelayo
Published: November 2022

Hay en los textos, en las palabras vividas, de Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina, una inaudita facultad de ensoñación, de hacer soñar. No es menos cierto que, al leer o escuchar a Ricardo, conviene estar muy despierto, pues es esta la condición de posibilidad de aquella.
El jardín de Guadarrama. Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina. Materialismo y fenomenología
Authors: Álvarez Falcón Luis
Published: November 2022

Esta es la síntesis de la presentación de Ricardo Sánchez Ortiz de Urbina en las Jornadas Fenomenológicas de la Universidad de Coimbra, Portugal, que se desarrollaron en marzo del 2020 en torno a su obra. En la ya conocida Conferencia de Coimbra, se hizo un reconocimiento expreso al trabajo desarrollado por el autor a partir de la aparición en el año 2014 de su obra Estromatología. Teoría de los niveles fenomenológicos. En estos momentos, justo en el tiempo de la próxima publicación de Orden oculto. Ensayo de una epistemología fenomenológica, urge una contextualización prescriptiva de la trascendencia teórica del pensamiento del autor en el panorama filosófico del siglo XXI.
Proyecto político, estado, hegemonía y dominación: un acercamiento conceptual al pensamiento de Álvaro García Linera
Authors: Pavón González Álvaro
Published: November 2022

Nos proponemos analizar el pensamiento de Álvaro García Linera, uno de los intelectuales más interesantes en lengua española, y que mayor difusión está teniendo en los últimos tiempos. Para ello, tomaremos como punto de referencia cuatro de las ideas centrales dentro de la filosofía del boliviano: proyecto político, estado, hegemonía y dominación (analizando las dos últimas de manera conjunta). Comenzaremos exponiendo las influencias de García Linera, así como las peculiaridades de sus planteamientos, para centrarnos posteriormente en la etapa de su producción intelectual más reciente, y acabar con una conclusión que mencionará también algunas de las críticas más importantes que se han vertido hacia el antiguo vicepresidente.
El concepto de naturaleza en Juan de Santo Tomás (Juan Poinsot, 1589–1644). Relación entre filosofía y teología
Authors: García Fernández Román
Published: November 2022

Se realiza una valoración crítica de la aportación de Joan Poinsot, más conocido como Juan de Santo Tomas (1589-1655), raíz de la publicación de La naturaleza y las causas a cargo del destacado académico Juan Cruz Cruz. A pesar de que se trata de la edición de una pequeña parte de la Philosophia Naturalis, más conocida como Cursus Philosophicus, de Juan de Santo Tomás, concretamente de las “cuestiones” IX a XIII. Se establece un semblante de Juan de Santo Tomas y de su obra, tratando de centrar el personaje en el contexto de su época y las posiciones que mantenía y denunciando las interpretaciones interesadas que pretenden hacer pasar por moderno un pensamiento que antepone lo religioso a la razón, en la vieja estrategia eclesiástica de hacer pasar por filosofía a la teología y viceversa.