bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant cystic parathyroid adenoma: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Weng Junwei , Zhou Weibin , Feng Yunfei
Published: June 2022

An uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a cystic parathyroid adenoma. This paper describes two patients with hypercalcemia and right knee disease. Their serum calcium concentration was high, phosphorus concentration was low, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was high. Ultrasound and computed tomography scans of the neck indicated a cystic mass near the thyroid. Parathyroid scintigraphy showed no focal uptake in one patient and low tracer concentration in the cystic mass in the other patient. Following resection of the cystic masses, both were pathologically confirmed to be a cystic parathyroid adenoma with predominantly cystic degeneration. The calcium and PTH concentrations gradually decreased to the reference range. Both patients were stable at their last follow-up. The diagnosis of a functional cystic parathyroid adenoma is highly challenging because of the different clinical manifestations and negative result on parathyroid tracer scintigraphy. For patients with high serum calcium and PTH concentrations and a cystic mass in the neck, resection of the mass and subsequent postoperative pathological diagnosis is necessary even if the clinical diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma cannot be confirmed preoperatively. Decreases in the PTH and serum calcium concentrations indicate successful resection of a functional parathyroid adenoma.
Tension-free vaginal mesh for patients with pelvic organ prolapse: mid-term functional outcomes
Authors: Obinata Daisuke , Yamaguchi Kenya , Hashimoto Sho , Yoshizawa Tsuyoshi , Mochida Junichi , Takahashi Satoru
Published: June 2022

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the mid-term efficacy of tension-free vaginal mesh (TVM) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and observe the time course of lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included 112 female patients who underwent TVM at a single center for stage 2 or higher POP, and replied to questionnaires before, and 2 and 4 years after TVM. We evaluated the anatomical cure rate, prolapse quality of life questionnaire scores, international prostate symptom scores, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scores, and Female Sexual Function Index scores.

Results

The anatomical cure rate at 4 years was 89%. Voiding and storage symptoms improved in patients after TVM. We found that 25/112 patients had sexual intercourse before TVM, and among them, 15/25 (60%) continued sexual intercourse after TVM. Additionally, of the 87 patients who had no sexual intercourse before TVM, 13 resumed sexual intercourse after TVM.

Conclusion

Cases of TVM have decreased because of the Food and Drug Administration statements concerning mesh problems. However, this study showed relatively favorable mid-term results for lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, sexual activity was restored in some patients, indicating the efficacy of TVM for sexual function.
Shadow care infrastructures: Sustaining life in post-welfare cities
Authors: Power Emma R , Wiesel Ilan , Mitchell Emma , Mee Kathleen J
Published: June 2022

Economic restructuring and welfare reform are driving new forms of urban poverty in the global north. Shadow care infrastructures is a new frame for conceptualising the complex and interconnected practices through which marginalised people seek survival in this context. It remaps welfare landscapes across a continuum that includes formal and informal, established and improvised practice, the not-for-profit sector, informal community networks and exchange and the black market. Conceptually, it centres the care practices that sustain life and the infrastructures that sustain them. Activating a ‘shadow geographies’ tradition it foregrounds care infrastructures that are necessary, but rarely visible within, welfare discourse.
Metro Speed Profile Optimization Considering Passenger Comfort: Model and Application
Authors: Roumpekas Dimitrios , Iliopoulou Christina , Kepaptsoglou Konstantinos
Published: June 2022

Efficient timetable and speed profile determination are critical in improving the energy performance of railway systems. Relevant speed profile optimization models for railway systems typically aim at the minimization of energy consumption and passenger waiting times. Still, passenger comfort during the accelerations and decelerations of the train is significant for service quality, yet so far has been largely overlooked in relevant models. In this context, this study proposes a speed profile optimization model considering the effect of acceleration on passengers. Three distinct speed profiles are developed based on real-world data and used as input for the model. Subsequently, an integer linear programming model is formulated, minimizing the running time and energy consumption, and maximizing passenger comfort. The proposed model is applied to Athens (Greece) metro line 3 (blue line). Results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed model in reducing travel times, while taking into account passenger comfort.
Autonomous Minibus Service With Semi-on-Demand Routes in Grid Networks
Authors: Ng Max T. M. , Mahmassani Hani S.
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the potential of autonomous minibuses which take on-demand directional routes for pick-up and drop-off in a grid network of wider area with low density, followed by fixed routes in areas with greater demand. Mathematical formulation for generalized costs demonstrates its benefits, with indicators proposed to select existing bus routes for conversion with the options of zonal express and parallel routes. Simulations on modeled scenarios and case studies with bus routes in Chicago show reductions in both passenger costs and generalized costs compared with existing fixed-route bus services between suburban areas and the central business district.
Pavement Maintenance Program at the Network Level: Mixed-Integer Programming with Multiple Objectives
Authors: Amin Md Al
Published: June 2022

Pavement network conditions deteriorate over the years of use. To keep pavement conditions at acceptable levels, highway agencies plan pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) programs and perform accordingly. Highway agencies usually face budget variability for pavement M&R activities because of limited resources, economic conditions, and changes in policies. The situation makes it difficult for highway agencies to keep an acceptable pavement condition at the network level. Therefore, it is important for highway agencies to adopt M&R policies that can maximize the network condition as well as handle the deviation of the network condition considering the available maintenance funds. In this paper, a multi-period multi-objective linear integer programming model is proposed. Two objectives, maximization of the average network condition and minimization of deviation of the network condition from an idealized network condition trend, are considered in the formulation. The model is formulated for fixed M&R budgets, as well as for variable M&R budgets. The proposed model provides an M&R program for the pavement network that helps decision makers to manage pavement maintenance programs considering budgetary constraints. A case study examining a network of 45 pavement sections is conducted. The solutions of the fixed-budget and variable-budget model are presented. In addition, the values of the system to the decision maker are discussed. Results show that the proposed model is an attractive way to manage pavement maintenance programs at the network level.
Toward Formalization and Monitoring of Microscopic Traffic Parameters Using Temporal Logic
Authors: Nour Mariam , Zaki Mohamed H.
Published: June 2022

Smart mobility is transforming the way the current transportation network is envisioned. It holds the promise of a more sustainable, safer, and efficient future for commuters. Nevertheless, traffic management centers are constantly facing the challenges of ensuring that transportation system components are operating as expected and in a safe manner. As a result, research efforts on improving traffic monitoring aim to design and implement novel approaches for safety applications. In this paper, we adopt formal methods to specify and apply reason to the traffic network’s complex properties. Formal methods provide a framework to rigorously define the safe operation of the traffic network by capturing non-conforming travel behavior, exploring various possible states of vehicular traffic, and detecting any irregularities that may arise. In this work, a new approach to traffic monitoring is proposed, which uses specification-based monitoring. We develop monitors that define traffic parameters, such as conforming to speed limits and maintaining appropriate headway. A formal language known as Signal Temporal Logic is used to specify and analyze these traffic rules. The proposed framework is then applied to a calibrated micro-simulated highway network to identify whether individual vehicle trajectories violate or satisfy the proposed specifications. Statistical analysis of the outputs shows that our proposed approach is effective in differentiating between violating and conforming vehicles. This approach can be used by traffic management centers that are seeking to accommodate emerging mobility technologies that are autonomous and connected. In particular, the presented work can be valuable in studying traffic stream properties, identifying possible hazards, and providing valuable feedback for automating traffic monitoring systems.
Resilience Analysis of New York City Transportation Network After Snow Storms
Authors: Mirjalili Reza , Barati Hojjat , Yazici Anil
Published: June 2022

This study presents a quantitative analysis of the snow storm resilience of New York City (NYC) by utilizing network science-based system performance functions and publicly available datasets, that is, New York Department of Sanitation’s snow removal operation and NYC traffic speed data. Several graph theory based metrics and some heuristic metrics are utilized to calculate the temporal changes in transportation network functionality along eight snow events. The NYC transportation network is updated based on snowplow movements, and the performance indexes (PIs) for all metrics are calculated throughout the snow storm timeline. Since PI graphs rely on network topology but not the actual traffic conditions, the times that the system bounces back to “regular” conditions (i.e., time-to-recovery/resilience) are calculated based on the similarity between hourly speed distributions on NYC roads. Bhattacharyya distance and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test are used as measures for distribution similarity. Accordingly, the PI values that correspond to the recovery times are also identified. Within the limitations of the size of the snow storm sample, the findings show that less data-intensive graph theory metrics can be used to estimate the transportation network performance—an estimation that would require extensive and detailed data otherwise. Accordingly, these metrics can be used to make resilience predictions for future events through simulations on modified network topology, and help make recovery forecasts to inform local governments and businesses on when to resume regular operations.
Combined Hub Location and Service Network Design Problem: A Case Study for an Intermodal Rail Operator and Structural Analysis
Authors: Elbert Ralf , Rentschler Johannes , Schwarz Jessica
Published: June 2022

In intermodal transportation, hubs are facilities that perform switching, sorting, connecting, and consolidating functions between many origins and destinations. Hub location problems (HLP) accordingly involve the location of hubs but include abstract network design decisions as well. In the past, the strategic location decision and the more tactical network design decision, in the form of a service network design problem (SNDP), have been considered separately. However, the SNDP is based on an existing hub network and the HLP could benefit from a more detailed network design. For this reason, this paper presents the combined hub location and service network design problem (C-HL-SNDP), which considers the strategic and tactical planning dimensions in an integrated manner. In a case study of a German intermodal operator, the paper shows that integrated modeling can be used to produce very good and realistic solutions that generate added value. The combined model with a classical HLP approach is compared and a structural analysis of the solution properties is performed. With this, it can be shown that the different consideration of economies of scale and economies of density lead to fundamentally different solutions.
Minimizing the Effects of Urban Mobility-on-Demand Pick-Up and Drop-Off Stops: A Microscopic Simulation Approach
Authors: Stueger Philipp N. , Fehn Fabian , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: June 2022

Short-term disruptions can have a long-lasting negative effect on traffic flow exceeding the duration of the disruption itself. This is especially the case when traffic demand approaches the network’s capacity. On-demand ride-sourcing services like ride-hailing and ride-pooling do not only have an impact on the overall kilometers driven in a network, but also conduct frequent stopping maneuvers to let passengers board and alight. As further growth of such services is expected, municipalities will need to find ways to organize and, if needed, regulate such activities. This paper proposes, evaluates, and discusses two possible methods that can be part of a holistic strategy to mitigate the impacts of frequent mobility-on-demand curbside stops in an urban environment. The first method adapts the positions of stops at an intersection according to real-time signal timings without adding another variable to the already quite complex traffic signal optimization. The second method discusses a temporary reduction of the number of allowed stopping maneuvers on saturated street sections or in other sensitive areas. Both methods are evaluated using microscopic traffic simulation and result in significant reductions of average vehicle delay as well as standard deviation thereof in all investigated traffic demand scenarios. These results indicate that the proposed methods can help to preserve a stable traffic state in situations close to the capacity limit, which is to the benefit of all stakeholders involved.
Estimation of High-Frequency Auditory Masking in Beluga Whales by Commercial Vessels in Cook Inlet, Alaska
Authors: Eickmeier Justin , Vallarta Jonathan
Published: June 2022

Industrial development in Cook Inlet, Alaska, has raised concerns about the decline of the resident beluga whale ( Delphinapterus leucas) population over the past decades. Anthropogenic noise sources, such as commercial vessels, can cause auditory masking of cetacean vocalizations used in communication, navigation, and foraging. This study includes a source-level spectrum of a containership, positioned in Cook Inlet within the primary shipping channel, and audiograms obtained from a live, stranded beluga calf in Cook Inlet, in sound transmission loss modeling. The model uses a hybrid parabolic equation/raytracing solution to determine underwater sound pressure levels. Whereas the communication band of belugas can be fully masked by ambient noise and underwater radiated noise from a containership positioned at 5,000 m, the echolocation band (for navigation) is only partially masked at shorter ranges (≤2,500 m). Increased multipath reflections from the propagation of underwater noise in the upslope direction contributes significantly to the attenuation of high frequencies and minimizes masking in the echolocation band of the beluga whale. To assess the complex task of auditory masking, critical ratios were used to determine the difference between the energy of a pure tone and the noise in the masking band. A successful strategy to reduce underwater radiated noise must consider the interactions and contributions of mitigation measures that have already been shown to be effective. The technical and economic profitability of these measures will largely depend on the design, operating parameters, and mandatory requirements for a particular vessel.
Decision-Making Framework for Prioritizing the Improvement of Pedestrian Facilities in Urban Areas Using Integrated Delphi, AHP, and TOPSIS Approach
Authors: V Aromal , MA Naseer
Published: June 2022

The existing pedestrian facilities in urban areas can be improved by prioritizing the areas based on their infrastructure performance, location, safety, mobility, and liveability aspects. This paper aims to present a combination of Delphi, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for prioritizing the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area. The approach has been broken into three stages. Firstly, the significant factor assessment was done by the Delphi method. Secondly, AHP was applied to estimate the relative weightage of each factor. Finally, the TOPSIS method was used to rank the alternatives in preparation for the final decision. For better understanding, the proposed method was demonstrated by applying the framework in a case study. The analyses revealed that the proposed method is effective for prioritizing the improvement of pedestrian facilities in an urban area. The method described in this paper is intended to assist decision makers in ranking different sidewalk stretches in the urban areas that need to be improved based on various attributes. This paper makes a major impact by incorporating a novel approach for the decision making of pedestrian facilities improvement, which considered both subjective and objective judgments of multiple decision makers in the procedure at various stages using different multi-criteria decision making techniques. This approach can be combined with a scheduling methodology and optimization technique to increase the efficiency of the resource allocation process.
Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes After Microfracture Treatment With and Without Augmentation for Focal Chondral Lesions in the Knee: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fortier Luc M. , Knapik Derrick M. , Dasari Suhas P. , Polce Evan M. , Familiari Filippo , Gursoy Safa , Chahla Jorge
Published: June 2022

Background:

Focal cartilage lesions represent a common source of knee pain and disability, with the potential for the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Currently, microfracture (MFx) represents the most utilized first–line surgical treatment for small, focal chondral lesions. Recent investigations have examined methods of overcoming the limitations of MFx utilizing various augmentation techniques.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review and meta–analysis evaluating clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing isolated MFx versus MFx augmented with orthobiologics or scaffolds for focal chondral defects of the knee.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed to identify studies evaluating outcomes and adverse events in patients undergoing isolated MFx versus augmented MFx for focal chondral defects in the knee from 1945 to June 1, 2021. Data were extracted from each article that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed for all outcomes reported in a minimum of 3 studies.

Results:

A total of 14 studies were identified, utilizing 7 different types of injectable augmentation regimens and 5 different scaffolding regimens. Across the 14 studies, a total of 744 patients were included. The mean patient age was 46.8 years (range, 34-58 years), and 58.3% (n = 434/744) of patients were women. The mean final follow–up time was 26.7 months (range, 12-60 months). The mean chondral defect size ranged from 1.3 to 4.8 cm2. A post hoc analysis comparing mean improvement in postoperative outcomes scores compared with preoperative values found no significant differences in the improvement in the visual analog scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), or Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores between patients undergoing isolated MFx and those undergoing MFx + augmentation. Patients undergoing MFx + augmentation reported significantly greater improvements in the Lysholm score and postoperative MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) scores compared with the isolated MFx group.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing combined MFx + augmentation reported significant improvements in mean Lysholm and MOCART scores, without significant improvements in VAS, IKDC, or WOMAC scores when compared with patients undergoing isolated MFx.
Tissue engineering application combining epoxidized natural rubber blend and mesenchymal stem cells in in vivo response
Authors: Henckes Nicole Andréa Corbellini , Chuang Laura , Bosak Isadora , Carazzai Rafael , Garcez Tuane , Kuhl Cristiana Palma , de Oliveira Fernanda dos Santos , Loureiro dos Santos Luis Alberto , Visioli Fernanda , Cirne-Lima Elizabeth Obino
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to investigate biocompatibility, integration, and tissue host response of the Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Poly (isoprene) (PI) epoxidized (PLGA/PIepox) innovative scaffold combined with adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC). We implanted the scaffold subcutaneously on the back of 18 female rats and monitored them for up to 14 days. When compared to controls, PLGA/PIepox + ADSC demonstrated an earlier vascularization, a tendency of inflammation reduction, an adequate tissue integration, higher cell proliferation, and a tendency of expression of collagen decreasing. However, 14 days post-implantation we found similar levels of CD31, Ki67 and AE1/AE3 in PLGA/PIepox when compared to control groups. The interesting results, lead us to the assumption that PLGA/PIepox is able to provide an effective delivery system for ADSC on tissue host. This animal study assesses PLGA/PIepox + ADSC in in vivo tissue functionality and validation of use, serving as a proof of concept for future clinical translation as it presents an innovative and promising tissue engineering opportunity for the use in tissue reconstruction.
Improving the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys with a focus on AZ91 Mg alloy intended for biomedical application by microstructure modification and coating
Authors: Akbarzadeh Fatemeh Zahra , Ghomi Erfan Rezvani , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: June 2022

Magnesium alloys such as AZ91 have received much attention due to their attractive properties, including biocompatibility and lightness. Although magnesium is a potential candidate for implant application, due to its rapid degradation in the physiological environment, there are still some challenges to using it as biocompatible implants. In this regard, various techniques such as microstructure modification and coating are utilized to moderate the degradation rate of magnesium alloys. Therefore, efforts are being made to conduct more extensive research to produce magnesium implants with acceptable corrosion resistance. In this literature review, an overview of the history of research on the corrosion behavior, biodegradability, microstructure deformation mechanisms, crystallographic texture in magnesium alloys with a focus on AZ91 Mg alloy, is provided. In addition, the necessity of improving the properties of AZ91 Mg alloy by the two methods of improving microstructure and coating, and existing innovations in these methods are investigated.
Communication in youth mental health clinical encounters: Introducing the agential stance
Authors: Bergen Clara , Bortolotti Lisa , Tallent Katherine , Broome Matthew , Larkin Michael , Temple Rachel , Fadashe Catherine , Lee Carmen , Lim Michele C. , McCabe Rose
Published: June 2022

When young people seek support from mental health care practitioners, the encounters may affect the young people’s sense of self, and in particular undermine their sense of agency. For this study, an interdisciplinary team of academics and young people collaboratively analysed video-recorded encounters between young people and mental healthcare practitioners in emergency services. They identified five communication techniques that practitioners can use to avoid undermining the young person’s sense of agency in the clinical encounter. They conceptualise the use of those techniques as the adoption of an agential stance towards the young person. The agential stance consists of: (a) validating the young person’s experiences, (b) legitimising the young person’s choice to seek help, (c) refraining from objectifying the young person, (d) affirming the young person’s capacity to contribute to positive change, and (e) involving the young person in the decision-making process.
Librarians’ competencies for implementing embedded librarianship in university libraries
Authors: Mushi Carren , Mwantimwa Kelefa , Wema Evans
Published: June 2022

The present study examines the extent of academic librarians’ teaching, research, communication, and interpersonal skills; key competencies required for the successful implementation of embedded librarianship in Tanzania. A mixed research approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches, was deployed to guide the collection of data from 166 librarians and 6 directors. Whereas cross-section survey questionnaires were used to collect data from librarians from six university libraries. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from directors. Regarding statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were performed to derive frequencies and percentages from quantitative data collected. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically and presented in narrative form. The findings suggest that librarians’ teaching skills and their knowledge of the research cycle are inadequate, while their communication and interpersonal skills are sufficient to allow them to effectively embed their services in their users’ (researchers, students, and teaching staff) activities. To effectively adopt embedded librarianship, the authors recommend the allocation of adequate funds to support diverse external and in-house training, the development of harmonized library and information science (LIS) curriculum, and the use of social media to interact with users.
Development and Validation of a Chinese Standardized Client Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Liu Jiang , Chen Lin
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a standardized client satisfaction scale for social work programs in China. Method: We generated items through a thorough literature review, confirmed by experts, and indigenized and revised by scholars, practitioners, and clients. The sample was from 15 government-sponsored social work programs’ clients in Jiangsu Province, China. We conducted exploratory factor analyses to test reliability ( N = 299) and confirmatory factor analyses to examine validity ( N = 699). Predictive validity was also tested. Results: The client satisfaction scale, consisting of 4 dimensions with 15 items, demonstrates good internal consistency, satisfactory factorial validity, and positive correlation with clients’ service participation frequency. Discussion: The 4-dimension client satisfaction scale is a reliable and valid instrument. It taps into client perceptions and feedback based on their service experiences. This study offers a feasible way to promote the standardization of social work programs in China.
How Culture Shapes Informal Caregiver Motivations: A Meta-Ethnographic Review
Authors: Zarzycki Mikołaj , Seddon Diane , Bei Eva , Dekel Rachel , Morrison Val
Published: June 2022

The provision of informal care presents a significant global challenge. To better understand how cultural factors underpin and shape motivations and willingness to provide informal care for adults, an in-depth qualitative synthesis was conducted. Six electronic databases and a wide range of additional sources were searched. Following meta-ethnographic guidelines, 37 qualitative studies were synthesised. Six main concepts were identified: cultural self-identity, which appeared as an overarching explanatory concept; cultural duty and obligations; cultural values; love and emotional attachments; repayment and reciprocity; and competing demands and roles. These concepts informed a model of cultural caregiving motivations, offering an inductive-based exploration of key cultural motivators and highlighting implications for theory development, future research, policy and practice. The model holds implications for the actual exchange of care. Caregiver motivations should not be taken for granted by healthcare or social care professionals involved in assessment and support planning, educational endeavours at a population level may support caregiving, and support should be sensitive to cultural caregiving motivations.
Navigating hope and despair in sustainability education: A reflexive roadmap for being with eco-anxiety in the classroom
Authors: Skilling Peter , Hurd Fiona , Lips-Wiersma Marjolein , McGhee Peter
Published: June 2022

In this article, we reflect on our experiences of teaching sustainability in management education in an emergent context of increasing and pervasive eco-anxiety. Our collaborative autoethnographic enquiry stemmed from the tensions we experienced in our desire to present a realistic view of the future to students, while still maintaining their (and our) sense of hope and agency. While sustainability in management education has long acknowledged the need to engage learners’ hearts and hands as well as their heads, the challenges of effectively integrating the emotional (heart) dimension in the classroom have remained under-explored in the literature. We develop the findings of our collaborative autoethnography into a framework that provides insights for educators navigating the range of emotional responses evoked in the sustainability in management education classroom. This framework acts as a roadmap, based around five spheres of practice, that will aid sustainability in management education educators in making more conscious and deliberate choices about their teaching practice within the complex context of eco-anxiety.
Altered functional brain states predict cognitive decline 5 years after a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Koubiyr Ismail , Broeders Tommy AA , Deloire Mathilde , Brochet Bruno , Tourdias Thomas , Geurts Jeroen JG , Schoonheim Menno Michiel , Ruet Aurélie
Published: June 2022

Background:

Cognitive impairment occurs in the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) together with altered functional connectivity (FC).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of dynamic FC states in early MS and their role in shaping cognitive decline.

Methods:

Overall, 32 patients were enrolled after their first neurological episode suggestive of MS and underwent cognitive evaluation and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) over 5 years. In addition, 28 healthy controls were included at baseline.

Results:

Cognitive performance was stable during the first year and declined after 5 years. At baseline, the number of transitions between states was lower in MS compared to controls ( p = 0.01). Over time, frequency of high FC states decreased in patients ( p = 0.047) and increased in state with low FC ( p = 0.035). Cognitive performance at Year 5 was best predicted by the mean connectivity of high FC state at Year 1.

Conclusion:

Patients with early MS showed reduced functional network dynamics at baseline. Longitudinal changes showed longer time spent in a state of low FC but less time spent and more connectivity disturbance in more integrative states with high within- and between-network FC. Disturbed FC within this more integrative state was predictive of future cognitive decline.
A multi-stakeholder approach is needed to reduce the digital divide and encourage equitable access to telehealth
Authors: Gallegos-Rejas Victor M , Thomas Emma E , Kelly Jaimon T , Smith Anthony C
Published: June 2022

Since the COVID-19 pandemic onset, there has been exponential growth in the uptake of telehealth, globally. However, evidence suggests that people living in lower socioeconomic areas, cultural and linguistically diverse communities, people with disabilities, and with low health literacy are less likely to receive telehealth services. These population groups have disproportionately higher health needs and face additional barriers to healthcare access. Barriers that reduce access to telehealth further exacerbate existing gaps in care delivery. To improve equity of access to telehealth, we need to reduce the digital divide through a multi-stakeholder approach. This article proposes practical steps to reduce the digital divide and encourage equitable access to telehealth. Enabling more equitable access to telehealth requires improvements in digital health literacy, workforce training in clinical telehealth, co-design of new telehealth-enabled models of care, change management, advocacy for culturally appropriate services, and sustainable funding models.
Role of personality traits in determining the association between social participation and mental health: A cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Mari , Abe Takumi , Seino Satoshi , Nofuji Yu , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: June 2022

The role of personality in determining the association between social participation and mental health was examined by a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data from 4981 older adults aged 65–84 years who were recruited via a mail survey in one region of Japan. We defined poor mental health using a score ≤12 points on the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index-Japanese. Personality traits were measured by 10 Item Personality Inventory-Japanese. In women, higher openness positively moderated the association between private group participation (volunteering, sports, hobby, and learning) and mental health, while higher neuroticism negatively moderated it. This study contributes to knowledge about mental health, personality, and participation. The findings provide provisional evidence about recommending private group participation for women with high openness but not those with high neuroticism.
#Bodypositive surpasses 1 billion engagements
Authors: Graham Sarah , Newell Eva , Phillips Justin B. , Treharne Gareth J. , Scarf Damian
Published: June 2022

The body-positive movement (#bodypositive) champions body acceptance by celebrating a diverse - visual - array of body types and shapes online. Sparked out of collective resistance to unrealistic bodies on social media, the #bodypositive community has assembled a considerable following: having now surpassed one billion engagements on Instagram. To mark this milestone, we highlight the problem, the promise, and the peril of image-focused movements on Instagram. On balance, we argue #bodypositive content on Instagram likely has a positive impact. As the movement continues to grow though, advocates can look to strengthen the content’s positive impact with some careful, research-informed, messaging adjustments.
Does distrust in humans predict greater trust in AI? Role of individual differences in user responses to content moderation
Authors: Molina Maria D. , Sundar S. Shyam
Published: June 2022

When evaluating automated systems, some users apply the “positive machine heuristic” (i.e. machines are more accurate and precise than humans), whereas others apply the “negative machine heuristic” (i.e. machines lack the ability to make nuanced subjective judgments), but we do not know much about the characteristics that predict whether a user would apply the positive or negative machine heuristic. We conducted a study in the context of content moderation and discovered that individual differences relating to trust in humans, fear of artificial intelligence (AI), power usage, and political ideology can predict whether a user will invoke the positive or negative machine heuristic. For example, users who distrust other humans tend to be more positive toward machines. Our findings advance theoretical understanding of user responses to AI systems for content moderation and hold practical implications for the design of interfaces to appeal to users who are differentially predisposed toward trusting machines over humans.
Adolescents’ and Parents’ Knowledge of Laws Pertaining to Adolescent Sexual Behavior: The Role of Perceived Policy Fairness on Adolescents’ Willingness to Violate the Law
Authors: Thomas April Gile , Drozdova Anna D. , Clough Isabelle M. , Fine Adam D.
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated 190 adolescent–parent dyads from two US sites (CA and TX) about their awareness of and attitudes toward adolescent sexting and age of sexual consent policies. Findings indicate (a) poor policy awareness among adolescents and parents, particularly for the Texas sample, (b) positive associations between parent and adolescent awareness, (c) site differences in fairness ratings, and (d) a negative association between adolescents’ fairness ratings and their willingness to violate the policies. We recommend greater efforts toward policy education, given the lack of awareness in the present sample, and consideration for the developmental appropriateness of policies.
Introduction
Authors: Idris Murad
Published: June 2022

Massimiliano Tomba's Insurgent Universality locates an “alternative legacy of modernity” in how revolutionary movements across three centuries and four continents interpreted and claimed different pasts, concepts, and alternatives for themselves. These movements, from the Communards to the Zapatistas to the Russian Revolutionaries, engaged in democratic experiments in self-government, radical equality, and collective possession. In this forum, Tomba's interlocutors offer reflections and questions about the position of the critical historian, universality, and colonialism. Tomba's response explains the stakes of his project with two further examples of his historiographic practice.
Leveraging large eddy simulations to assess noise source imaging of a controlled supersonic jet
Authors: Prasad Chitrarth , Hromisin Scott , Morris Philip J
Published: June 2022

Noise source imaging based on phased array measurements is an essential tool in the aeroacoustic analysis of new nozzle designs, especially at full-scale. This investigation aims to assess the capability of a deconvolution-based beamforming technique to accurately estimate the changes in noise sources for model-scale heated military jets when fluid inserts are used for noise control. This goal is achieved by performing well-validated Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to complement the experimental measurements. The LES data is segregated into its hydrodynamic, acoustic and thermal components using Doak’s Momentum Potential Theory (MPT). The near-field MPT-derived components are subjected to Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SPOD) to compare with the frequency-dependent noise source maps obtained directly from experiments. It is shown that fluid inserts alter the naturally occurring Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability in the jet shear layer, which leads to a change in the directivity of the noise radiated in the near-field. The upstream shift in the noise source distribution resulting from the modified K-H instability is accurately captured by the deconvolution-based source imaging technique using just the far-field measurements. These changes in source locations as a function of frequency are documented.
Sound generated by axisymmetric non-plane entropy waves passing through flow contractions
Authors: Yang Dong , Guzmán-Iñigo Juan , Morgans Aimee S.
Published: June 2022

For a single-component perfect gas, entropy perturbations are associated with the difference between the overall density fluctuation and that coming from the acoustic perturbation. Entropy perturbations can generate sound when accelerated/decelerated by a non-uniform flow and this is highly relevant to thermoacoustic instabilities for gas turbines and rocket engines, and to noise emission for aero-engines. Widely used theories to model this entropy-generated sound rely on quasi-1D assumptions for which questions of validity were raised recently from both numerical and experimental studies. In the present work, we build upon an acoustic analogy theory for this problem. This theory was initiated by Morfey (J. Sound Vib. 1973) and Ffowcs Williams and Howe (J. Fluid Mech. 1975) about 50 years ago and extended recently by Yang, Guzmán-Iñigo and Morgans (J. Fluid Mech. 2020) to study the effect of non-plane entropy waves at the inlet of a flow contraction on its sound generation. Comparisons against both numerical simulations and previous theory are performed to validate the results.
Fusion Imaging Guidance Does Not Affect Radiation Exposure During Endovascular Procedures for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Postaire Boris , Nasr Bahaa , le Corvec Tom , Brisard Laurent , Chaillou Philippe , Guyomarch Béatrice , Fellah Imen , Goueffic Yann , Maurel Blandine
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Radiation exposure for vascular interventionalists is still a concern. The aim of this study was to assess the value of advanced imaging guidance on radiation exposure and iodinated contrast volume during endovascular treatment of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).

Materials and Methods:

It was a prospective, randomized, monocentric, pilot, single-operator study, conducted from June 2018 to October 2019. Consecutive patients requiring a preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) for a symptomatic LEAD and scheduled for an iliac and/or femoropopliteal endovascular repair in a hybrid room were included. Patients were randomly assigned to the use of fusion imaging guidance (Vessel Navigator®, Philips) or not. The primary endpoint was the dose area product (DAP, Gy.cm²). Secondary endpoints were DAP for fluoroscopy, DAP for fluorography, Air Kerma, fluoroscopy time, volume of contrast, and number of digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Data were expressed in median [Q1-Q3].

Results:

In all, 64 of the 77 patients enrolled (34 in fusion group, 30 in control group, 82% men, 65.8 years [61–71]) were included. Groups were similar in terms of comorbidities, BMI (26 kg/cm2 [24–28]), but lesion location were not equally distributed (p=0.004). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding DAP (31.6 Gy.cm2 [23.4; 46.9] for fusion group vs 25.6[16.9; 34.0] Gy.cm2; p=0.07), Air Kerma (160 mGy [96;3365] vs 115 mGy [76;201]; p=0.12, fluoroscopy time (560 seconds [326;960] vs 454 seconds [228;1022]; p=0.44), contrast volume (60 ml [42;80] vs 50 ml [40;66]; p=0.10), or operative time (68 minutes [55;90] vs 46 minutes [30;80]; p=0.06). The median number of DSA was 14 [10–18] in the fusion group versus 11 [6–18]; p=0.049.

Conclusion:

Fusion imaging guidance does not affect radiation exposure and contrast volume during endovascular revascularisation of iliac and femoropopliteal occlusive disease in a hybrid room environment.
Still the Same? Revealed Preferences and Ideological Self-Perception Among Former Members of Congress
Authors: Ramey Adam J. , Klingler Jonathan D. , Hollibaugh Gary E.
Published: June 2022

For years, countless scholars have posited the role of constituency and party pressure on legislators’ roll call voting records. Indeed, though popular estimates of legislators’ preferences often come from roll call data (e.g., DW-NOMINATE scores), most scholars are careful to note that these are not necessarily measures of ideology per se but rather of legislators’ revealed preferences—that is, they reflect both legislators’ ideological commitments as well as the influence of party and constituency. In this paper, we offer fairly robust evidence that existing measures of legislator behavior may be closer to their preferences than once thought. Using a novel survey of former members of the House of Representatives, we leverage the severing of the electoral connection and lack of institutional party pressure to show that legislators’ preferences as measured by existing methods closely mirror their own perceptions of themselves.
Embracing the Messiness in Mixed Methods Research: The Craft Attitude
Authors: Sakata Nozomi
Published: June 2022

Whereas the significance and potential impacts of messiness in mixed methods research have been well acknowledged, the literature on mixed methods research has accumulated few examples of engaging and navigating mess. This article provides an account of the nitty-gritty of messiness and its consequences during the process of mixed methods research. By applying the ‘craft attitude’ and a socio-ecological framework for mixed methods research to a mixed methods case study, I demonstrate how my embracing of research messiness through the craft attitude exemplifies the interconnectedness of the personal, interpersonal and social contexts. This article contributes to knowledge by proposing a new way to conceptualize mess in mixed methods research through the integration of the craft attitude within the socio-ecological framework for mixed methods research.
A modified method of elastase-induced saccular aneurysm creation in rabbits: Schematic representation of the method
Authors: Won Dong-Sung , Kim Mi Hyeon , Lee Ki Baek , Yoon Jong Tae , Park Yubeen , Lee Deok Hee
Published: June 2022

Background

The purpose of our study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of a modified technique using a short guiding catheter for instillation of elastase in comparison with the previously described method of creating elastase-induced aneurysm in rabbits.

Methods

Following right common carotid artery (RCCA) access using an arterial sheath and inflating the Fogarty balloon in the subclavian artery, a short guiding catheter was used for the instillation of the elastase in the experimental group (n = 5) while it was performed with a microcatheter in the control group (n = 5). The procedure duration was recorded from the RCCA puncture to the sheath removal. The histological changes were characterized using H&E and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining.

Results

The procedure time was 23 ± 2 min in the experimental group and 29 ± 2 min in the control group. All the rabbits (100%) in the experimental group survived without neurologic deficits, but two rabbits (40%) survived in the control group. All aneurysms were created in the saccular shape (100%) with a neck size of 2.3 ± 0.29 mm, a width of 2.75 ± 0.36 mm, and height of 6.37 ± 0.46 mm, and a dome to neck ratio of 1.21 ± 0.23. The aneurysm walls were partly thickened due to the degradation of the media tunica and adventitia proliferation with loss of the internal elastic lamina.

Conclusion

By using a short guiding catheter, we could instill the elastase in a more effective and safe manner in the creation of the elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits.