bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autophagic Degradation Is Involved in Cell Protection against Ricin Toxin
Authors: Wu Yu , Taisne Clémence , Mahtal Nassim , Forrester Alison , Lussignol Marion , Cintrat Jean-Christophe , Esclatine Audrey , Gillet Daniel , Barbier Julien
Published: April 2023

Autophagy is a complex and highly regulated degradative process, which acts as a survival pathway in response to cellular stress, starvation and pathogen infection. Ricin toxin is a plant toxin produced by the castor bean and classified as a category B biothreat agent. Ricin toxin inhibits cellular protein synthesis by catalytically inactivating ribosomes, leading to cell death. Currently, there is no licensed treatment for patients exposed to ricin. Ricin-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied; however, whether its intoxication via protein synthesis inhibition affects autophagy is not yet resolved. In this work, we demonstrated that ricin intoxication is accompanied by its own autophagic degradation in mammalian cells. Autophagy deficiency, by knocking down ATG5, attenuates ricin degradation, thus aggravating ricin-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, the autophagy inducer SMER28 (Small Molecule Enhancer 28) partially protects cells against ricin cytotoxicity, an effect not observed in autophagy-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that autophagic degradation acts as a survival response of cells against ricin intoxication. This suggests that stimulation of autophagic degradation may be a strategy to counteract ricin intoxication.
Confronting Strange Stars with Compact-Star Observations and New Physics
Authors: Yang Shuhua , Pi Chunmei , Zheng Xiaoping , Weber Fridolin
Published: April 2023

Strange stars ought to exist in the universe according to the strange quark matter hypothesis, which states that matter made of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks could be the true ground state of baryonic matter rather than ordinary atomic nuclei. Theoretical models of strange quark matter, such as the standard MIT bag model, the density-dependent quark mass model, or the quasi-particle model, however, appear to be unable to reproduce some of the properties (masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities) of recently observed compact stars. This is different if alternative gravity theory (e.g., non-Newtonian gravity) or dark matter (e.g., mirror dark matter) are considered, which resolve these issues. The possible existence of strange stars could thus provide a clue to new physics, as discussed in this review.
Identification and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Carlavirus Infecting Chrysanthemum morifolium in China
Authors: Li Jiapeng , Wu Xiaoyin , Liu Hui , Wang Xiaomei , Yi Shaokui , Zhong Xueting , Wang Yaqin , Wang Zhanqi
Published: April 2023

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant suffering from many viruses and viroids worldwide. In this study, a new carlavirus, tentatively named Chinese isolate of Carya illinoinensis carlavirus 1 (CiCV1-CN), was identified from chrysanthemum plants in Zhejiang Province, China. The genome sequence of CiCV1-CN was 8795 nucleotides (nt) in length, with a 68-nt 5′-untranslated region (UTR) and a 76-nt 3′-UTR, which contained six predicted open reading frames (ORFs) that encode six corresponding proteins of various sizes. Phylogenetic analyses based on full-length genome and coat protein sequences revealed that CiCV1-CN is in an evolutionary branch with chrysanthemum virus R (CVR) in the Carlavirus genus. Pairwise sequence identity analysis showed that, except for CiCV1, CiCV1-CN has the highest whole-genome sequence identity of 71.3% to CVR-X6. At the amino acid level, the highest identities of predicted proteins encoded by the ORF1, ORF2, ORF3, ORF4, ORF5, and ORF6 of CiCV1-CN were 77.1% in the CVR-X21 ORF1, 80.3% in the CVR-X13 ORF2, 74.8% in the CVR-X21 ORF3, 60.9% in the CVR-BJ ORF4, 90.2% in the CVR-X6 and CVR-TX ORF5s, and 79.4% in the CVR-X21 ORF6. Furthermore, we also found a transient expression of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) encoded by the ORF6 of CiCV1-CN in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a potato virus X-based vector, which can result in a downward leaf curl and hypersensitive cell death over the time course. These results demonstrated that CiCV1-CN is a pathogenic virus and C. morifolium is a natural host of CiCV1.
The Archer and the Prey: The Duality of PAF1C in Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Kenaston Matthew W. , Shah Priya S.
Published: April 2023

In the ongoing arms race between virus and host, fine-tuned gene expression plays a critical role in antiviral signaling. However, viruses have evolved to disrupt this process and promote their own replication by targeting host restriction factors. Polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) is a key player in this relationship, recruiting other host factors to regulate transcription and modulate innate immune gene expression. Consequently, PAF1C is consistently targeted by a diverse range of viruses, either to suppress its antiviral functions or co-opt them for their own benefit. In this review, we delve into the current mechanisms through which PAF1C restricts viruses by activating interferon and inflammatory responses at the transcriptional level. We also highlight how the ubiquity of these mechanisms makes PAF1C especially vulnerable to viral hijacking and antagonism. Indeed, as often as PAF1C is revealed to be a restriction factor, viruses are found to have targeted the complex in reply.
Recent Advances in Antivirals for Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Zhu Yongzhe , Chen Shenglin , Lurong Qilin , Qi Zhongtian
Published: April 2023

Culex mosquitoes are the primary vectors of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Since its discovery in 1935, Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by JEV, has posed a significant threat to human health. Despite the widespread implementation of several JEV vaccines, the transmission chain of JEV in the natural ecosystem has not changed, and the vector of transmission cannot be eradicated. Therefore, JEV is still the focus of attention for flaviviruses. At present, there is no clinically specific drug for JE treatment. JEV infection is a complex interaction between the virus and the host cell, which is the focus of drug design and development. An overview of antivirals that target JEV elements and host factors is presented in this review. In addition, drugs that balance antiviral effects and host protection by regulating innate immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, or necrosis are reviewed to treat JE effectively.
Construction of a Hantaan Virus Phage Antibody Library and Screening for Potential Neutralizing Activity
Authors: Li Zhuo , Zhang Huiyuan , Yu Xiaxia , Zhang Yusi , Chen Lihua
Published: April 2023

China is one of the main epidemic areas for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there is no human antibody specific to Hantaan virus (HTNV) for the emergency prevention and treatment of HFRS. To prepare human antibodies with neutralizing activity, we established an anti-HTNV phage antibody library using phage display technology by transforming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HFRS into B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs) and extracting cDNA from BLCLs that secreted neutralizing antibodies. Based on the phage antibody library, we screened HTNV-specific Fab antibodies with neutralizing activities. Our study provides a potential way forward for the emergency prevention of HTNV and specific treatment of HFRS.
Classical Swine Fever Virus Structural Glycoprotein E2 Interacts with Host Protein ACADM during the Virus Infectious Cycle
Authors: Vuono Elizabeth , Ramirez-Medina Elizabeth , Silva Ediane , Berggren Keith , Rai Ayushi , Espinoza Nallely , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel V.
Published: April 2023

The E2 glycoprotein is one of the four structural proteins of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) particle. E2 has been shown to be involved in many virus functions, including adsorption to host cells, virus virulence and interaction with several host proteins. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have previously shown that the CSFV E2 specifically interacts with swine host protein medium-chain-specific acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADM), an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Here, we show that interaction between ACADM and E2 also happens in swine cells infected with CSFV using two different procedures: coimmunoprecipitation and a proximity ligation assay (PLA). In addition, the amino acid residues in E2 critically mediating the interaction with ACADM, M49 and P130 were identified via a reverse yeast two-hybrid screen using an expression library composed of randomly mutated versions of E2. A recombinant CSFV, E2ΔACADMv, harboring substitutions at residues M49I and P130Q in E2, was developed via reverse genomics from the highly virulent Brescia isolate. E2ΔACADMv was shown to have the same kinetics growth in swine primary macrophages and SK6 cell cultures as the parental Brescia strain. Similarly, E2ΔACADMv demonstrated a similar level of virulence when inoculated to domestic pigs as the parental Brescia. Animals intranasally inoculated with 105 TCID50 developed a lethal form of clinical disease with virological and hematological kinetics changes undistinguishable from those produced by the parental strain. Therefore, interaction between CSFV E2 and host ACADM is not critically involved in the processes of virus replication and disease production.
The Role of Antiviral Prophylaxis in Preventing HBV and HDV Recurrence in the Setting of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Battistella Sara , Zanetto Alberto , Gambato Martina , Germani Giacomo , Senzolo Marco , Burra Patrizia , Russo Francesco Paolo
Published: April 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a prevalent underlying disease, leading to liver transplantation (LT) for both decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) affects approximately 5–10% of HBsAg carriers, accelerating the progression of liver injury and HCC. The initial introduction of HBV immunoglobulins (HBIG), and then of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs), considerably improved the survival of HBV/HDV patients post-transplantation, as they helped prevent re-infection of the graft and recurrence of liver disease. Combination therapy with HBIG and NUCs is the primary post-transplant prophylaxis strategy in patients transplanted for HBV- and HDV-related liver disease. However, monotherapy with high-barrier NUCs, such as entecavir and tenofovir, is safe and also effective in some individuals who are at low risk of HBV reactivation. To address the problems of organ shortage, last-generation NUCs have facilitated the use of anti-HBc and HBsAg-positive grafts to meet the ever-increasing demand for grafts.
An Artificial Peptide-Based Bifunctional HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor That Interferes with Viral Glycoprotein-41 Six-Helix Bundle Formation and Antagonizes CCR5 on the Host Cell Membrane
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Qing , Sun Lujia , Wang Xinling , Wang Huan , Zhang Wenpeng , Li Jiahui , Liu Yang , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo
Published: April 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by high variability and drug resistance. This has necessitated the development of antivirals with a new chemotype and therapy. We previously identified an artificial peptide with non-native protein sequence, AP3, with the potential to inhibit HIV-1 fusion through targeting hydrophobic grooves on the N-terminal heptad repeat trimer of viral glycoprotein gp41. Here, a small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitor targeting chemokine coreceptor CCR5 on the host cell was integrated into the AP3 peptide, producing a novel dual-target inhibitor with improved activity against multiple HIV-1 strains including those resistant to the currently used anti-HIV-1 drug enfuvirtide. Its superior antiviral potency in comparison with the respective pharmacophoric moieties is in consonance with the dual binding of viral gp41 and host factor CCR5. Therefore, our work provides a potent artificial peptide-based bifunctional HIV-1 entry inhibitor and highlights the multitarget-directed ligands approach in the development of novel therapeutic anti-HIV-1 agents.
Mucosal Vaccination Strategies against Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Heuler Joshua , Chandra Harish , Sun Xingmin
Published: April 2023

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) presents a major public health threat by causing frequently recurrent, life-threatening cases of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. The ability of C. difficile to express antibiotic resistance and to form long-lasting spores makes the pathogen particularly challenging to eradicate from healthcare settings, raising the need for preventative measures to curb the spread of CDI. Since C. difficile utilizes the fecal–oral route of transmission, a mucosal vaccine could be a particularly promising strategy by generating strong IgA and IgG responses that prevent colonization and disease. This mini-review summarizes the progress toward mucosal vaccines against C. difficile toxins, cell–surface components, and spore proteins. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of particular antigens, as well as methods for delivering these antigens to mucosal sites, we hope to guide future research toward an effective mucosal vaccine against CDI.
Natural Radioactivity in Drinking Water in the Surroundings of a Metamorphic Outcrop in Hungary: The Hydrogeological Answer to Practical Problems
Authors: Baják Petra , Molnár Bence , Hegedűs-Csondor Katalin , Tiljander Mia , Jobbágy Viktor , Kohuth-Ötvös Viktória , Izsák Bálint , Vargha Márta , Horváth Ákos , Csipa Emese , Óvári Mihály , Tóbi Csaba , Völgyesi Péter , Pelczar Krzysztof , Hult Mikael , Erőss Anita
Published: April 2023

Groundwater quality constantly evolves through rock–water interactions, which can enrich groundwater with undesirable elements such as naturally occurring radionuclides. The aim of this study was to understand the cause of gross alpha activity exceeding the screening value of 0.1 Bq L−1 measured in groundwater-derived drinking water in the vicinity of a metamorphic outcrop in Hungary. As groundwater quality is strongly dependent on the properties of groundwater flow systems, environmental tracers (δ2H and δ18O composition, 226Ra, 222Rn, total U activity concentration, and 234U/238U ratio) and hydraulic evaluation were applied to understand groundwater dynamics. The collected groundwater samples had total U activities up to 540 mBq L−1, which translates into an indicative dose below the drinking water parametric value. However, in the presence of dissolved uranium, the δ2H (−52.6–(−83.4)) and δ18O (−7.17–(−11.96)) values led to the conclusion that local flow systems were sampled that are known to be most vulnerable to any changes in their recharge area. The results confirm that the groundwater flow system approach involving environmental tracers and hydraulic evaluation is a powerful tool for identifying the cause of natural radioactivity in groundwater-derived drinking water.
Distrust Behavior in Social Network Large-Scale Group Decision Making and Its Application in Water Pollution Management
Authors: Lu Yanling , Liu Gaofeng , Xu Yejun
Published: April 2023

Distrust behavior is a human behavior that has a significant impact on water pollution management, but it is neglected in existing approaches. To solve this problem, we design a large-scale group decision making in social network (LSGDM-SN) approach based on distrust behavior and apply it to water pollution management. The purpose of this paper is to develop an LSGDM-SN method to assist managers choose the optimal water pollution management plan. In the presented method, fuzzy preference relations (FPRs) are used to express experts’ assessment of alternatives. To utilize the proposed LSGDM-SN approach to solve the water pollution problem, a novel agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) method is proposed by combing preference similarity and social relationships. Afterward, consensus feedback based on distrust behavior and social network analysis (SNA) is developed to encourage the subset to modify its FPR. A mechanism for the identification and management of distrust behavior is introduced. Based on the situations of distrust behaviors, two pieces of feedback advice are provided to the subset to adjust its FPR. Subsequently, a score function of the FPR is proposed to obtain the best solution for water pollution management. Finally, some comparative analyses and discussions demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Modeling Fate and Transport of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Waters of a Tropical Mexican Lake to Predict Pollution Scenarios
Authors: Alvarez-Bobadilla Jorge I. , Murillo-Delgado Jorge O. , Badillo-Camacho Jessica , Barcelo-Quintal Icela D. , Valle Pedro F. Zárate-del , Reynaga-Delgado Eire , Gomez-Salazar Sergio
Published: April 2023

The tropical lake Chapala is an important source of drinking water in western Mexico since it supplies ~65% of the water consumed in the urban city of Guadalajara. To obtain different pollution scenarios, the presence of pollutants in this waterbody was modeled using a coupled hydraulic and transport model. Two water sampling campaigns were modeled. The governing equations were applied using the routines RMA2 and RMA4 in the Surface-Water Modeling System (SMS) software V 8.1. Hydraulic and transport models were calibrated to describe the water level, velocity, and fate of pollutants. The numerical model showed satisfactory results for the simulated data, analyzed against water level, current velocity, and pollutants measurement data through the Relative Percentage Deviation (RPD), except for ~20% of the sites and the 12-month simulation periods. The hydraulic calibrations showed that the dispersion coefficients were higher for nutrients compared to metals, indicating that the nutrients are dispersed throughout the lake and have a stronger impact on the lake’s water quality. The hydraulic model simulations indicated the presence of points in the central-eastern zone, the lowest concentration of PO43−, which can be attributed to the presence of vortexing. The metal simulations indicated that the dissolved Ni was the best approximation to the measured values. This is the first study on Lake Chapala regarding the modeling fate and transport of pollutants in relation to the prediction of pollution scenarios.
A High Accumulation of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Water Resulting from Terrestrial Input into a Large, Shallow Steppe Lake
Authors: Zhang Chi , Li Wenjing , Du Wei , Cao Bingshuai , Wang Wenlin , Pang Bo , Dou Huashan , Ao Wen , Liu Bo , Yao Shihao
Published: April 2023

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally the dominant carbon pool in freshwater lakes and plays a vital role in the regional or even global carbon cycle. In recent years, steppe lakes have been subject to two stressors: eutrophication and abnormally high concentrations of organic matter. However, little is known about the sources and composition of the organic matter. In this study, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were adopted to identify the sources and composition of DOM in Hulun Lake, a large shallow steppe lake. The physicochemical and water quality parameters of Hulun Lake and three inflow rivers, Crulen River, Orshen River and Hailar River, were also investigated. The results showed that visible fulvic-like fluorescence (peak C) and tryptophan-like substances (peak T) were the main components of the DOM. The C/N atomic ratios and spectral characteristics of the DOM suggested that approximately 82% of the DOM in Lake Hulun is derived from terrigenous material. The results underscore that it is necessary to devote more research attention to terrestrial inputs into steppe lakes.
Hydro-Meteorological Characteristics of the 1973 Catastrophic Flood in the Mahi Basin, India
Authors: Pawar Uttam , Hire Pramodkumar , Sarukkalige Ranjan , Rathnayake Upaka
Published: April 2023

The September 1973 flood in the Mahi Basin was one of the most catastrophic and widespread in the 20th century. However, the hydro-meteorological characteristics of the 1973 flood were not studied. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyze the meteorological and hydrological processes that led to the 1973 flood. Accordingly, daily rainfall data, river discharge, and cross-section data were obtained for the analysis. The 1973 flood was associated with very heavy rainfall resulting from two successive low-pressure systems (LPS) from 26 to 31 August 1973 and 2 to 5 September 1973. The rainfall variability in the Mahi Basin was 24% (annual) and 25% (monsoon) in 1973. The analysis showed that out of 69 rainfall stations, 13 stations received 100% rainfall in the monsoon season in 1973. Under the influence of the second LPS (7 and 9 September 1973), 21 rain gauge stations recorded very heavy rainfall (124.5–244.4 mm) on 8 September. As a result, the maximum discharge of the Mahi River (40,663 m3/s) was observed at Wanakbori on 9 September. The flood hydrograph denoted two flood peaks of 28,125 m3/s and 33,097 m3/s magnitudes resulting from LPS at Kadana. A newly constructed bridge (in 1972) on the Mahi River at the Kailashpuri village washed out due to a large discharge of 21,553 m3/s magnitude on 7 September 1973. The hydro-meteorological analysis of the 1973 flood specified the significance of the LPS in a flash flood disaster in the Mahi Basin. This study will benefit hydrologists and civil engineers creating design floods for the construction of the hydraulic structures in the Mahi Basin, and will help to avoid any future catastrophic floods.
Evaluation of Snowmelt Impacts on Flood Flows Based on Remote Sensing Using SRM Model
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Sabaghzadeh Maryam , Niazkar Majid
Published: April 2023

Snowmelt is an important source of stream flows in mountainous areas. This study investigated the impact of snowmelt on flooding. First, the study area was divided into four zones based on elevation. Second, the Snow-Covered Area (SCA) from 2013 to 2018 was estimated from daily MODIS images with the help of Google Earth Engine. Runoff in the area was then simulated using the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM). As a result, short periods with high runoff and the possibility of floods were identified, while the contribution of snowmelt and rainfall in the total runoff was separated. The results showed that while the snowmelt on average accounted for only 23% of total runoff in the zone with elevation under 2000 m, the ratio increased with elevation, ultimately reaching as high as 87% in the zone with elevation above 3000 m. As the height increases, the effect of snow on runoff and flooding increases so much that it should not be ignored. However, in most hydrological studies, the effect of snow is ignored due to the lack of sufficient data about snow. This study showed that snow can be very effective, especially in high areas.
Construction of a Time-Variant Integrated Drought Index Based on the GAMLSS Approach and Copula Function
Authors: Bai Xia , Jin Juliang , Wu Chengguo , Zhou Yuliang , Zhang Libing , Cui Yi , Tong Fang
Published: April 2023

Construction of an integrated drought index is a fundamental task to conducting drought disaster risk management and developing drought resistance planning strategies. Given the evident non-consistent features during the drought evolution process, firstly, the GAMLSS approach was utilized to construct multiple combination scenarios of time-variant parameters and corresponding probability distribution functions. Then, the time-variant comprehensive drought index integrating the variable characteristics of precipitation and soil moisture was established by means of the copula function. Finally, the reliability of the time-variant comprehensive drought index was verified through its application in frequency analysis and return period determination of drought hazard system in Huaibei Plain, China. The application results demonstrated that: (1) The variation of the time-variant integrated drought indicator presented strong consistency with both soil moisture and precipitation during historical years in Huaibei Plain. (2) The overall variation of the drought hazard system characterized by drought duration and severity presented a gradual mitigation trend from west to east and north to south in Huaibei Plain, which agrees with the geographic differences and water resources availability distribution features. (3) Drought recognition results, including the frequency of drought events and typical drought processes with extreme grades, are in agreement with the practical statistics and observed data series. On the whole, the proposed time-variant integrated drought indicator is capable of extracting complex variation characteristics within the drought hazard evolution process, and can be further applied in drought monitoring, recognition and assessment research fields.
Individual and Combined Toxic Effects of Nano-ZnO and Polyethylene Microplastics on Mosquito Fish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Banaee Mahdi , Zeidi Amir , Sinha Reshma , Faggio Caterina
Published: April 2023

The omnipresence of microplastics and nanoparticles has led to their entry into the fresh and marine aquatic systems and affected the biota. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of the interaction of polyethylene microplastic (PE-MPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in mosquito fish, Gambusia holbrooki. For this, fish were exposed to 100 µg L−1 PE-MPs (group 2), 200 µg L−1 PE-MPs (group 3), 50 µg L−1 ZnO-NPs (group 4), 50 µg L−1 ZnO-NPs combined with 100 µg L−1 PE-MPs (group 5), and 200 µg L−1 PE-MPs (group 6) and control (group 1) for 14 days. The assessment was made through accumulation studies (MPs and Zn) and antioxidant assay. Significant elevation in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase levels was observed in ZnO-NPs alone and in combination with PE-MPs (100 and 200 µg L−1) groups only. High malondialdehyde levels were observed in all the exposed groups. Concordantly total antioxidant (TAN) levels displayed a significant reduction in all treated groups compared to control. Accumulation study on microplastic suggested liver-targeted accumulation of PE-MPs, while for ZnO-NPs, observed PE-MPs assisted accumulation. The study affirms the induction of oxidative stress and ZnO-NPs-induced toxicity facilitated by PE-MPs in fish.
Mental health of the population, children and adolescents: WHO recommendations, legal regulatory and organizational implementation in Russia
Authors:   N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Moscow, Russia, Chicherin Leonid P. , Shchepin Vladimir O. , Zagoruychenko Anna А.
Published: April 2023

Around the world, about 1 billion people suff er from mental disorders, including about 14 % of adolescents. Deaths of people with severe mental illness occur on average 10-20 years earlier than in the general population, mainly due to the development of preventable somatic diseases. Global systemic threats to mental health include socioeconomic inequalities, health emergencies, wars, etc. Leading causes of depression are childhood sexual abuse and child bullying. These data from the World Health Organization, other bodies are regarded as one of the most signifi cant public health problems. Based on the results of the monitoring, analytical materials on the main recommendations of international bodies in the fi eld of problems of mental disorders and disorders of public behavior, including children and adolescents, as well as information on the legislative and regulatory implementation of them in Russia, are presented in a systematic form.
Síndrome de Budd Chiari asociado a déficit de Antitrombina III y Proteína S, reporte de un caso
Authors: Silva Danny , Ordoñez Christian , Silva Fernando , Loor Carlos , Nevarez Camilo , Salazar Juan , Salazar Diana , Guallpa Jessica , Quintero Linda
Published: April 2023

El síndrome de Budd Chari es una patología rara que se caracteriza por la obstrucción del flujo venoso del hígado, causado por trombosis a consecuencia de trastornos de trombófilia, mieloproliferativos, cáncer, infecciones, o cualquier trastorno que obstruya el flujo de la vena porta. Se presentó el caso en un hombre de 21 años de edad que debuta con hemorragia digestiva alta, asociada a várices esofágicas e hiperesplenismo. En este paciente se inició anticoagulación tras ligadura de várices esofágicas, y posterior a esplenectomía, debido a su asociación con plaquetopenia, que posteriormente se incrementaron, se inició con heparina de bajo peso molecular y posteriormente Inhibidores del factor Xa. (rivaroxabán 20 mg) cada día con buena tolerancia es dado de alta en buenas condiciones clínicas. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno representa un reto para el pronóstico de los pacientes.
Mechanism of thermal runaway in solar cells
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Murai Kazuya , Kawamura Ryuta , Nanno Ikuo
Published: April 2023

To clarify the mechanism of thermal runaway in solar cells, our study included experiments and simulations that focused on changes in the size of the shunt spot where thermal runaway occurs. Our analysis suggests that the rapid temperature increase of the shunt spot leading to failure is caused by the positive feedback of increased backflow current, increased heat generation, and reduced shunt spot size (i.e. increased combined thermal resistance between the shunt spot and normal cell area). The thermal runaway tolerance can be improved by designing solar cells with negative feedback that prevents positive feedback from progressing.
Thermoelectric performance of Fe2V0.9W0.1Al thin films deposited on n-type Si substrates
Authors: Machda Fahmi , Singh Saurabh , Kuga Kentaro , Ang Artoni K. R. , Matsunami Masaharu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: April 2023

Fe2V0.9W0.1Al thin films are prepared on n-type Si substrates by means of rf magnetron sputtering with varied substrate temperatures from 743–1043 K, then subsequently annealed for one hour in a vacuum at 1043 K. The thin films deposited at 1043 K are chemically degraded, exhibiting a low Seebeck coefficient, –65 μV K–1, at 330 K. On the other hand, the films deposited at 943 K possess –100 μV K–1 in a Seebeck coefficient at around 330–350 K, which is very similar to the Seebeck coefficient of the bulk W-substituted Fe2VAl that possesses a well-ordered L21 structure. The maximum power factor of 1.6 mWm–1 K–2 was obtained for the sample deposited at 943 K. Accordingly, with the thermal conductivity of 3.5 Wm−1 K−1, the figure of merit reached up to ZT = 0.16, which is comparable with Fe2V0.9W0.1Al of bulks and two times larger than that of the thin films of Si-substituted Fe2VAl.
Strain-induced magnetic anisotropy in Heusler alloys studied from first principles
Authors: Yatmeidhy Amran Mahfudh , Gohda Yoshihiro
Published: April 2023

We report the microscopic origin of strain-mediated changes in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of the Co2FeSi, Co2MnSi, and Fe3Si Heusler alloys from the viewpoint of first-principles electron theory. Both Co2FeSi and Co2MnSi have similar anisotropy changes upon induced strain within the (001) plane, where the quadrupole moment due to Co minority-spin states dominates the anisotropy modulation, and, thus, giant magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic heterointerfaces containing these compounds. In contrast, the strain-induced anisotropy modulation in Fe3Si has mixed contributing factors not limited to the anisotropy term of the orbital magnetic moment and the quadrupole term.
Acoustic emission enhancement and self-centering effect via an extreme anisotropic metamaterial
Authors: Lei Yunzhong , Wu Jiu Hui , Wang Libo , Huang Yao , Yang Shaokun , Niu Jiamin
Published: April 2023

An extreme anisotropic metamaterial consisting of one central cavity, eight zigzag and straight channels is proposed, aiming to achieve acoustic emission enhancement and self-centering effect. By placing a monopole source in the center of the metamaterial, acoustic emission enhancement can be achieved through the resonance in the zigzag channels and the monopole resonances. Theory and simulation confirm the self-centering effect of the proposed metamaterial, that is, when monopole sources are placed away from the center of the metamaterial, the external sound field can still be regarded as a uniform sound field generated by a monopole source placed in the center.
Battery-less optically-powered miniaturized glucose sensor with 12 mm diameter for continuous glucose measurement system
Authors: Shimizu Takayuki , Miura Ryo , Fukamachi Masato , Yokoshiki Yasufumi , Tokuda Takashi , Shibahara Takuya , Kawaura Daigo , Kudo Hiroyuki
Published: April 2023

Diabetes is a typical lifestyle-related disease and blood glucose measurement plays an important role in daily health management and appropriate treatment for patients. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) is becoming common for general patients. In this paper, an optically-powered battery-less glucose sensor device with a 12 mm diameter is presented. The sensor is expected to be used for next-generation CGMS. The sensor is equipped with series-connected ultra-small photovoltaic cells as the power source. Circuit design and characterization, fabrication, and evaluation of a wireless sensor device are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sensor architecture.
Electrode Effects in mmWave Frequency Multilayer Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators
Authors: Peng Wenhao
Published: April 2023

Electrodes are placed in acoustic resonators to set electrical boundary conditions, and they inevitably are acoustically part of the structure for a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator that affect both its electromechanical coupling coefficient and its quality factor. In this work, a modal analysis is performed to obtain a closed-form expression for electromechanical coupling coefficient from material constants. The impact on electromechanical coupling coefficient effects due to the characterstic acoustic impedance of electrodes is observed in half wavelength per layer structures. Thermoelastic damping (TED) has been identified as the dominant acoustic loss mechanism in conductors. In this work, acoustic quality factors due to TED for common metals in  microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing are calculated to facilitate the observation of the quality factor effects of electrodes. It is observed that there are different strengths among characteristic acoustic impedance, acoustic quality factor, and electrical conductivity in different electrode metals.
Subsidy of Land Rent and Wage Inequality in a Dual Agricultural Economy
Authors: Dianshuang Wang  , Xiaochun Li
Published: April 2023

Through the establishment of general equilibrium models with different development stages of modern agriculture, this paper examines the impact of subsidy on land rent in modern agriculture on the wage inequality between skilled labor and unskilled labor in a dual agricultural economy. Moreover, we also take the financing constraint into consideration, and the source of subsidy comes from taxes. The main conclusions are: at the preliminary stage of modern agriculture, enforcement of subsidy on land in the modern agriculture narrows down wage inequality. While at the development stage, implement of this policy obtains an opposite result and expands wage inequality instead.
School Improvement Tool
Authors:   Australian Council for Educational Research
Published: April 2023

Research shows the powerful impact that school leadership teams can have in improving the quality of teaching and learning. Effective leaders create cultures of high expectations, provide clarity about what teachers are to teach and students are to learn, establish strong professional learning communities, and lead ongoing school-wide efforts to improve teaching practices. The School Improvement Tool describes the practices of highly effective schools and school leaders. The SIT assists schools to review and reflect on their strategies to improve the quality of classroom teaching and learning. It supports school-wide conversations – including with families, school governing bodies, local communities, and students themselves – about aspects of current practice, areas for improvement, and evidence that progress is being made.
TYPOLOGIZATION OF PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
Authors:   2nd Year Master Student Of SAMSIFL, Uzbekistan, Qizi Akmalova Mokhinurakhon Firdavs
Published: April 2023

The аrtіcle dіscusses the dіfferent types of vіsіon on the problems of smаll genres of folk songs, proverbs, sаyіngs. On the bаsіs of аnаlyzіng the exаmples of Uzbek proverbs аnd sаyіngs the аuthor trіes to dіfferentіаte them.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF TRAVEL AND ITS REPRESENTATION AS A GENRE IN TRAVEL NOVELS IN UZBEK AND WORLD LITERATURE
Authors:   Assistant, Departments Samduuf “Humanities”, Uzbekistan, Yakubova Safiya Khamdamovna
Published: April 2023

The first travel books appeared as works based on the motives of travel and adventure. The motive of travel has gone through phased stages in Uzbek folklore and classical literature and appeared in the form of national-modern travelogues, embodying artistic, aesthetic, social, educational, educational and intellectual content. The travelogue genre is a relatively little-studied area of literary criticism. But this genre is widespread in the world, including European and American literature. Accordingly, scientific studies of this genre were developed in the literary criticism of those regions in connection with much more ancient times. The elucidation of the historical process of development, the principles of development and the poetic features of the works of travelers is intended to substantiate the role and significance of our national travelogues in revealing the new possibilities of this genre.
INNOVATIVE APPROACH AS A FACTOR OF ACHIEVING EDUCATIONAL QUALITY
Authors:   Shakhrisabz State Pedagogical Institute, University Of Economics And Pedagogy, Doctor Of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Academician Of The Turan Academy Of Sciences, Uzbekistan, Toshtemirovich Rakhimov Zakir
Published: April 2023

In the article, the development of the ability to directly and effectively apply theoretical knowledge to practice in personnel being trained in higher education institutions, the innovative approach to education is the introduction and use of pedagogical innovations, the innovative approach to the higher education process, the development of innovative competence of the subjects of the important educational process of personal learning in an innovative educational environment, the stages of knowledge transfer and exchange processes, the ability to acquire knowledge in various forms and the formation of the ability to act in an uncertain situation with personal qualities are interpreted.
MECHANISMS OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON THE USE OF CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   Tashkent State University Of Economics Under The Tashkent Economics And Industry Technical School, Uzbekistan, Tayirova Muhabbat Ataxanovna
Published: April 2023

The Internet provides various services for storing information for the modern user. These services, in turn, affect education, open many opportunities for improvement and activation of the educational process, stimulate the emergence of new teaching methods.
FEAR OF LOSS: THE SANTIAGUEROS SCHOOL'S CYNIC MENTAL CONTROL METHODS
Authors:   Universidad De Oriente, Santiago De Cuba, Cuba, Torres Yamile Mataran , Martinez Aleja ,   Universidad De Oriente, Santiago De Cuba, Cuba
Published: April 2023

The findings of a study conducted on weightlifters between the ages of 15 and 16 at the EIDE "Captain Orestes Acosta" in Santiago de Cuba are compiled in this paper. From the application of methods and techniques to training and competitions, such as observations, semi-structured interviews with athletes and coaches, the Inventory of Psychological Performance, the Attitude Test for Competition, the Inventory of Evaluation of Error in Performance, and others; It was discovered that these athletes failed to successfully complete the lifts, resulting in a high level of tension, insecurity, and nervousness, among other negative psychological manifestations that harmed the athlete's performance and were connected to irrational or maladaptive beliefs and thoughts. An action plan was put into place with the help of the psychologist, coaches, athletes, and family members to help solve this problem. It was an open, adaptable, active, practical, and experiential group. The cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional ideas and thoughts that prevent adequate sports performance demonstrated its effectiveness.
THE PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR GUILT IN CRIMINAL LAW
Authors:   Independent Researcher Of Tashkent State University Of Law, Candidate Of Law, Uzbekistan, Ikromovich Toshpulatov Akrom
Published: April 2023

The issues of the importance of guilt in criminal prosecution of individuals who commit crimes are studied in the article. The author, based on an analysis of foreign experience, suggested that in appointment of criminal punishment for a crime, it is necessary to take into account not only the presence of guilt, but also the factors that led to the formation of the behavior of the perpetrator of the crime that prompted him to commit the crime. In the article, the author also concluded that it is impossible to introduce the criminal responsibility of legal entities in the criminal legislation of Uzbekistan due to the inability to prove the existence of the guilt in the criminal responsibility of legal entities.
DIFFERENTIAL METHOD FOR FORECASTING LABOR RESOURCES BASED ON CORRELATION MODELS
Authors:   Professor, Department Of ", Ochilov Sherali Baratovich OchilovSherali Baratovich ,   Economy",   , Candidate Of Economic Sciences, Uzbekistan, Khudayberdieva Oisha Kurbanovna ,   Assistant, Department Of "Management", Uzbekistan, Mehriniso Khusenova ,   Student Bukhara Engineering Technological Institute, Republic Of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

The article proposes an universal method for developing a correlation model that can be applied in solving economic problems in planning and forecasting. Based on the equation of the developed correlation model, the number of labor resources of the Bukhara region for the period 2021-2030 is predicted and their prospective trends are determined
Introduction au numéro thématique « Formation professionnelle: métier, personnel formateur et personnes apprenties »
Authors: Dubeau Annie , Chochard Yves , Jutras-Dupont Camille
Published: April 2023

Les retombées associées à l’obtention par les travailleur·euses d’une qualification professionnelle sont largement documentées (Organisation de coopération et de développement économique, 2022). Toutefois, les connaissances à l’égard des enjeux didactiques qui sont propres aux formations professionnelles initiales de niveau secondaire (p. ex., ébénisterie, secrétariat, pâtisserie) sont moindres, limitant ainsi l’amélioration des pratiques éducatives qui y prévalent. Le présent numéro thématique s’intéresse donc aux particularités de la situation pédagogique, notamment à travers le regard de l’élève qui se forme à l’exercice d’un métier spécialisé. Les textes présentés se penchent spécifiquement sur le sujet apprenant, ses relations à l’égard de l’agent ou à l’égard de l’objet de formation et à la contribution potentielle du milieu dans lequel il ou elle se retrouve.
Motivation et perspectives professionnelles d’apprenti∙es du commerce de détail
Authors: Jan David , Berger Jean-Louis
Published: April 2023

La formation professionnelle initiale est la filière suivie par 64% des jeunes Suisse après la scolarité obligatoire. Bien que le domaine du commerce de détail soit le troisième plus grand fournisseur de places de formation, il fait souvent office de dernier choix et affiche un taux de résiliation de contrat de formation élevé. Le but de la présente étude était d’examiner de quelle manière la motivation durant la formation et selon la théorie de l’autodétermination de Deci et Ryan est associée au parcours formatif préalable et au projet professionnel. Un échantillon de 280 apprenti·es a répondu à un questionnaire sur les formations antérieures, la motivation durant leur formation, le projet professionnel et des données sociodémographiques. Par des modèles de régressions linéaires multiples, nous observons que les formations antérieures n’ont de liens significatifs ni avec la motivation développée durant la formation ni avec le projet professionnel. Cependant la motivation, notamment de type autonome, explique en partie l’intention de résilier le contrat de formation professionnelle initiale et l’intention d’un projet professionnel dans le domaine du commerce de détail.
On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Paton Keith R , Despotelis Konstantinos , Kumar Naresh , Turner Piers , Pollard Andrew J
Published: April 2023

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most common methods to characterize graphene-related 2D materials, providing information on a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Because of typical sample inhomogeneity, Raman spectra are acquired from several locations across a sample, and analysis is carried out on the averaged spectrum from all locations. This is then used to characterize the “quality” of the graphene produced, in particular the level of exfoliation for top-down manufactured materials. However, these have generally been developed using samples prepared with careful separation of unexfoliated materials. In this work we assess these metrics when applied to non-ideal samples, where unexfoliated graphite has been deliberately added to the exfoliated material. We demonstrate that previously published metrics, when applied to averaged spectra, do not allow the presence of this unexfoliated material to be reliably detected. Furthermore, when a sufficiently large number of spectra are acquired, it is found that by processing and classifying individual spectra, rather than the averaged spectrum, it is possible to identify the presence of this material in the sample, although quantification of the amount remains approximate. We therefore recommend this approach as a robust methodology for reliable characterization of mass-produced graphene-related 2D materials using confocal Raman spectroscopy.
Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes
Authors: Verçoza Brunno Renato Farias , Bernardo Robson Roney , de Oliveira Luiz Agusto Sousa , Rodrigues Juliany Cola Fernandes
Published: April 2023

Objective: The main goal of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of green SPIONs produced with coconut water for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Materials and methods: Optical and electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, infectivity percentage, and ultrastructure. Results: SPIONs were internalized by both parasite stages, randomly distributed by the cytosol located mainly in membrane-bound compartments. The selectivity index for intracellular amastigotes was higher than 240 times compared to current drugs used to treat the disease. Conclusion: The synthesized SPIONs showed an important and promising anti-Leishmania activity and can be considered a strong candidate for a new therapeutic approach for treating leishmaniases.