bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’inclusion des perspectives autochtones dans le programme d’immersion française en Colombie-Britannique : les succès d’enseignants et d’enseignantes allochtones
Authors: Côté Isabelle
Published: May 2021

Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire menée dans le cadre de notre recherche doctorale auprès d’enseignants et d’enseignantes allochtones du programme d’immersion française qui doivent inclure les perspectives autochtones dans leur pratique depuis le renouvellement du programme scolaire en 2016, en Colombie-Britannique. Lors d’entrevues semi-dirigées, les enseignants et les enseignantes ont discuté des défis et des succès de l’intégration des perspectives autochtones dans leur pratique. Cet article se concentre plus spécifiquement sur les succès partagés lors de la collecte de données. Quatre catégories de succès ont émergé de l’analyse, c’est-à-dire l’intégration des perspectives autochtones par le biais : 1) des compétences essentielles du curriculum renouvelé; 2) de la littérature; 3) de l’apprentissage expérientiel; 4) des rencontres avec des personnes autochtones. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’analyse des données de deux des quatre catégories, à savoir celles liées à l’apprentissage expérientiel et aux rencontres avec des personnes autochtones.
Pédagogie autochtone et pédagogie du lieu : proposition d’un modèle d’enseignement autochtonisé
Authors: Campeau Diane
Published: May 2021

Dans le cadre d’une recherche-action un modèle pour l’intégration des dimensions culturelles autochtones dans des activités d’enseignement-apprentissage a été développé en ayant recours à une pédagogie dite « hybride », inspirée à la fois de la pédagogie autochtone et de la pédagogie du lieu. La recherche a été effectuée dans deux écoles publiques de niveau primaire, au Québec, et dont la proportion d’élèves autochtones dépasse les 50 %. Le personnel enseignant composé de 10 membres ainsi que 2 Aînées autochtones ont participé à la création de 26 activités d’enseignement-apprentissage dans une démarche collaborative. Dans le modèle proposé qui s’inscrivait dans une volonté d’autochtoniser l’enseignement, il convient de retenir le rôle des Aînées et l’importance de la langue autochtone. Il faut retenir également l’appropriation par le personnel enseignant des fondements pédagogiques autochtones au moyen d’un concept simplifié de la pédagogie hybride. Les résultats ont toutefois mis en lumière le manque de connaissance du personnel enseignant quant aux dimensions culturelles autochtones et l’absence de certaines de ces dimensions dans le curriculum québécois.
Réinventer le salariat
Authors: Kouin Jaurès Barnabé
Published: May 2021

L’exercice du travail rémunéré a beaucoup évolué en ce début du vingt et unième siècle avec une inversion des tendances. Le marché de l’emploi est résolument soumis au diktat d’un capitalisme effréné où une faible offre d’emploi toujours exigeante conditionne une demande en croissante évolution dans un environnement socio-économique fragilisé par un chômage massif. Trouver un emploi aujourd’hui est un véritable supplice qui infère un coût physique et psychique où les conditions ne garantissent pas sa permanence. On assiste à une précarisation du travail rémunéré où l’employé est à la quête permanente de la reconnaissance dans et par l’activité que les conditions de travail ne cessent de détériorer. Les modèles de développement économique proposés ne parviennent plus à convaincre la collectivité qui perd la confiance en l’efficacité des politiques économiques enveloppées dans un libéralisme débridé qui érode constamment la construction des identités et le lien social. Cette décadence du salariat affecte profondément les individus et la société en relançant à la fois le débat sur l’avenir du travail salarié et la problématique de la dynamique sociale. Le présent article restitue une enquête effectuée sur le salariat dans les villes du sud du Bénin.
L’intégration des nouvelles recrues dans les activités de service au Maroc : étude qualitative
Authors: Tahir Abdellatif
Published: May 2021

Depuis quelques années, les chercheurs en sciences de gestion ont effectué un ensemble de travaux centrés sur la thématique de la socialisation organisationnelle des nouvelles recrues. Cette étape est essentielle pour déterminer les comportements proactifs favorables à leur bonne intégration. Les résultats sur les effets des tactiques individuelles d’intégration sont encore incomplets et controversés. Il faut donc identifier les tactiques favorables à la bonne intégration avant d’utiliser les plus intéressantes comme variables indépendantes. Pour tester ces propositions théoriques, cet article aborde l’analyse de vingt-six entretiens qualitatifs. Ce qui permet d’enrichir la compréhension des comportements et des attitudes des nouvelles recrues à l’entrée dans l’organisation.
L’admiration pour celles qui en font toujours plus que ce que leur devoir commande : quel impact pour les travailleuses sociales de l’Ontario et du Québec ?
Authors: Richard Stéphane , Gervais Roger
Published: May 2021

Toujours animé par des analyses qui privilégient l’étude des normativités en collision dans leur propension à éclairer la relation entre l’organisation du travail et la santé des professionnelles, nous avons, pour le présent texte, isolé cet énoncé : « Je trouve admirable quelqu’un qui est capable de faire plus que ce que son devoir commande ». Tiré d’un questionnaire d’enquête utilisé en 2012-2013 auprès de 1 197 travailleuses et travailleurs sociaux du Québec de l’Ontario, cet énoncé nous permettra de savoir si ce genre de comparaison dite ascendante affectera la souffrance au travail. Nos résultats seront aussi testés en présence de deux ensembles de variables de contrôle : les conditions de travail et les facteurs structuro-organisationnels. De nombreuses études confirment déjà l’influence de ces facteurs sur le bien-être et la souffrance au travail. Cherchons donc à voir si, en plus de ces variables contrôles, le fait de se comparer aux pairs au travail qui se livrent à l’hyperactivité professionnelle affecte le bien-être en dépit des autres variables imposantes.
Identification of Agromorphological Determinants Favoring the Propagation of Bacterial Disease in Agroforestry Farms of Cashew Trees in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Guy Brou Kouassi , Franck Oro Zokou , Dabé Doga , Bertrand Leki Konan , Nazaire Kouassi Koffi II , Odette Dogbo Denezon
Published: May 2021

In Côte d'Ivoire, cashew cultivation faces several health obstacles. Among these problems, bacteriosis causes extensive damage to twigs, leaves and fruits, lowers the quality of crops and causes yield losses. The spread of this disease would be under the determination of the morphological characters of the cashew tree. The objective of this study is to search for agro-morphological determinants that influence the spread of bacteriosis in agroforestry systems in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, 30 cashew trees spread across 26 agroforestry cashew orchards in the Korhogo, Sinématiali and Boundiali departments were chosen and geolocated. The study factor is the clone, consisting of 30 cashew genotypes, with 13 modalities. The collected data was subjected to descriptive analysis, correlation test, ACP and ascending hierarchical classification (CAH). The results obtained showed that the size and leaf areas and size of cashew trees are determinants that promote the spread of bacteriosis in these 30 cashew genotypes. Following this result, the ascending hierarchical classification (CAH) made it possible to screen the genotypes into three groups. These results should contribute to the agroecological management of bacteriosis, to enhance and intensify agroforestry cropping systems in Côte d'Ivoire.
Presence and Virulence Potential of Aeromonas hydrophila in Selected Water Sources for Household Consumption in Makurdi, Benue State
Authors: Mnguchivir Tersoo-Abiem Evelyn , Chukwuma Ariahu Charles , Agba Igyor Micheal
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophila in selected drinking water sources in Makurdi. A total of 100 water samples (Tap, river, stream, well, pond and borehole water) were collected from different locations in Makurdi. Isolation and identification of the organism was performed using standard microbiological techniques. Further confirmation of the isolates as Aeromonas hydrophila was carried out using the Microbact 24E detection kit and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A. hydrophila was detected in 12 (12%) out of the 100 samples; 6.67%, 8.82%, 7.14%, 25%, 30% and 20%  of tap, well, borehole, river, pond and stream water samples respectively. The highest isolation rate of A. hydrophila (30%) was from pond water. All A. hydrophila isolated exhibited heamolysin, protease and lipase activity. The findings of this study revealed that treated and untreated drinking water sources in Makurdi are contaminated with potentially virulent A. hydrophila strains which may pose a health risk to consumers. Therefore, basic water treatment should be applied to drinking water to reduce public health threat posed by this finding.
Van der Waals Integration Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials for High‐Performance Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Wang Haoyun , Li Zexin , Li Dongyan , Chen Ping , Pi Lejing , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: May 2021

Infrared photodetectors have been widely applied in various fields, including thermal imaging, biomedical imaging, and communication. Van der Waals (vdW) integration based on 2D materials provides a new solution for high‐performance infrared photodetectors due to the versatile device configurations and excellent photoelectric properties. In recent years, great progress has been made in infrared photodetectors based on vdW integration. In this review, recent progress in vdW integration‐based infrared photodetectors is presented. First, the working mechanisms and advantages of photodetectors with different structures and band alignments are presented. Then, the recent progress of vdW integration‐based infrared photodetectors is reviewed, focusing on 2D/nD (n = 0, 1, 2, 3) vdW integration, and the band engineering as well as the performance of the photodetectors are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary is delivered, and the challenges and future directions of vdW integration‐based infrared photodetectors are provided.
Versatile Solution‐Processed Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Superlattices for Ultraflexible and Transparent High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Le Minh Nhut , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Kim Kyung‐Tae , Kang Seung‐Han , Choi Byung Doo , Park Chan‐Yong , Jeon Seong‐Pil , Lee Sol , Jo Jeong‐Wan , Kim Seonhyoung , Park Jun‐Gu , Ho Dongil , Hong Jongin , Kim Miso , Kim Han‐Ki , Kim Choongik , Kim Kwanpyo , Kim Yong‐Hoon , Park Sung Kyu , Kim Myung‐Gil
Published: May 2021

Crystalline or amorphous metal oxides are widely used in various optoelectronic devices as key components, such as transparent conductive electrodes, dielectrics or semiconducting active layers for thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes in large‐area displays, photovoltaics, and light‐emitting diodes. Although crystalline inorganic materials demonstrate outstanding optoelectronic performance, owing to their wide bandgaps, large conductivities, and high carrier mobilities, their inherent brittleness makes them vulnerable to mechanical stress, thereby limiting the use of metal‐oxide films in emerging flexible electronic applications. In this study, stress‐diffusive organic–inorganic hybrid superlattice nanostructures are developed to overcome the mechanical limitation of crystalline oxides and to provide high mechanical stability to metal‐oxide semiconductors. In particular, hybrid transparent superlattice electrodes based on crystalline indium–tin oxide exhibit high electrical conductivities of up to 555 S cm–1 (resistance variation < 3%) and effectively reduce the mechanical stress on the inorganic layer (up to 10 000 bending cycles with a radius of 1 mm). Furthermore, to ensure the viability of the hybrid superlattice flexible electronics, all solution‐processed superlattice crystalline indium–gallium‐oxide TFTs are implemented on a thin (≈5 µm) polyimide substrate, providing highly robust and excellent electrical performance (average mobility of 7.6 cm2 V–1 s–1).
Polymorphism in Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Based on Indacenodithienothiophene
Authors: Marina Sara , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Gutierrez‐Fernandez Edgar , Solano Eduardo , Khirbat Aditi , Ciammaruchi Laura , Iturrospe Amaia , Balzer Alex , Yu Liyang , Gabirondo Elena , Monnier Xavier , Sardon Haritz , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Caironi Mario , Campoy‐Quiles Mariano , Müller Christian , Cangialosi Daniele , Stingelin Natalie , Martin Jaime
Published: May 2021

Organic solar cells incorporating non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies of over 18%. Unlike fullerene derivatives, NFAs tend to crystallize from solutions, resulting in bulk heterojunctions that include a crystalline acceptor phase. This must be considered in any morphology‐function models. Here, it is confirmed that high‐performing solution‐processed indacenodithienothiophene‐based NFAs, i.e., ITIC and its derivatives ITIC‐M, ITIC‐2F, and ITIC‐Th, exhibit at least two crystalline forms. In addition to highly ordered polymorphs that form at high temperatures, NFAs arrange into a low‐temperature metastable phase that is readily promoted via solution processing and leads to the highest device efficiencies. Intriguingly, the low‐temperature forms seem to feature a continuous network that favors charge transport despite of a poorly order along the π–π stacking direction. As the optical absorption of the structurally more disordered low‐temperature phase can surpass that of the more ordered polymorphs while displaying comparable—or even higher—charge transport properties, it is argued that such a packing structure is an important feature for reaching highest device efficiencies, thus, providing guidelines for future materials design and crystal engineering activities.
User Tracking and Wireless Digital Transmission through a Programmable Metasurface
Authors: Wan Xiang , Xiao Chao Kun , Huang He , Xiao Qiang , Xu Wei , Wang Jia Wei , Huang Zi Ai , Cheng Qiang , Jin Shi , Cui Tie Jun
Published: May 2021

User tracking has been an important aspect in wireless communications. Commonly, distributed apertures such as array antennas or multiple sensors are needed in wireless communication systems to achieve spatial resolutions for user tracking. Here it is proposed to realize the user tracking and wireless digital transmission simultaneously by using a single metasurface aperture. The reflection‐type metasurface consists of many subwavelength binary reconfigurable units. By programming these binary units, the metasurface can steer waves radiated from a horn antenna to a specified direction with different digital radiation phases. With this function, the metasurface can track the users by steering directional beams and transmit phase‐modulated digital signals through the directional beams. A prototype based on a programmable metasurface is developed and experiments in terms of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and constellation diagrams are performed. The measured results prove that the user tracking and wireless digital transmission can be integrated through the programmable metasurface. Considering the simple architecture and flexible controlling features, the proposed methodology has great application prospect in integrated radar‐communication systems and cognitive electronic systems.
Phase Nonreciprocity of Microwave‐Frequency Surface Acoustic Waves in Hybrid Heterostructures with Magnetoelastic Coupling
Authors: Verba Roman , Bankowski Elena N. , Meitzler Thomas J. , Tiberkevich Vasil , Slavin Andrei
Published: May 2021

Magnetoelastic coupling is considered as one of the most reliable method to induce nonreciprocity of propagation losses of microwave‐frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW) and other acoustic modes propagating in nonmagnetic‐ferromagnetic heterostructures. Here, it is demonstrated theoretically that magnetoelastic coupling can also induce phase nonreciprocity of SAW, which is necessary for the development of SAW circulators and other nonreciprocal solid‐state‐acoustic devices. In contrast to previous studies, induction of the phase nonreciprocity requires the coupling of SAW to a strongly nonreciprocal spin wave (SW), having the nonreciprocal splitting of the SW spectrum much larger than the strength of the magnetoelastic coupling, which, in turn, should be much larger than the geometric mean of the SW and SAW damping rates. In this case, the hybridized SAW in the spectral region between the magnetoelastic gaps demonstrate significant phase nonreciprocity, retaining, at the same time, propagation losses that are close to those of unhybridized SAW. Possible practical realization of nonreciprocal SAW phase shifters and SAW‐ring‐based circulators based on hybridized waves in acoustic crystal and synthetic antiferromagnetic heterostructures is discussed.
High‐Density Force and Temperature Sensing Skin Using Micropillar Array with Image Sensor
Authors: Shi Xiao-Xiao , Chen Yan , Jiang Hong-Lan , Yu Du-Li , Guo Xiao-Liang
Published: May 2021

Driving toward the goal of gaining a high level of intelligence and agility that mimics or surpasses that of humans, sensing systems have been widely investigated. As a complex network, tactile sense converts environmental stimuli into electrical impulses through various sensory receptors, which has been exploited in a large number of revolutionary applications, including robotics, prosthetics, and health‐monitoring devices. However, it remains significantly difficult to mimic all the functionalities of human skin. Herein, a machine tactile sensing system is proposed based on machine vision, which is commonly referred to as “electronic skin” or “e‐skin.” With a high density of 625 sensing points per square centimeter similar to that of human skin, the proposed sensing system can successfully measure 3D force and temperature distribution simultaneously. Based on this information, the shape, weight, texture, stiffness, and viscosity of objects can be obtained, comprehensively mimicking the human tactile system. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed e‐skin achieves excellent repeatability, reproducibility, and stability compared to those based on other principles such as the piezoresistive effect and capacitive effect.
Tribute to my sister: A new look at the X and O of Turner syndrome
Authors: Montgomery Nan
Published: May 2021

This essay describes the author's reflections as a contemporary artist who was the sister of a woman with Turner syndrome. She reflects on the process of creating a painting which is literally about X and 0, but conveys deeper artistic and personal themes.
The observation of art and the art of observing individuals with physical differences
Authors: Mangione Salvatore
Published: May 2021

Astute observation is a fundamental skill in medical care because not only it is crucial for the detection of patients' emotions (which is a prerequisite for empathy) but also it can often yield diagnoses at first sight. The Germans call this technique “augenblickdiagnose,” and indeed, gestalt diagnosis together with systematic review is used by dysmorphologists to identify syndromes. Artists have traditionally excelled at skilled observation since it is necessary for realistic portrayal of the human form. Thus, not surprisingly, they have also often depicted syndromes and defects in artworks, decades or even centuries earlier than their medical counterparts' description. Although physicians should avoid overdiagnosing or medicalizing what may be ethnic variations, personality traits, or just artistic style, this commentary will review how syndromes and various physical differences have been represented in artworks. It will then provide practical tips on how to become better observers. The historical relationship between artists and physicians provides context for our mutual diagnostic and interpretative pursuits.
Skeletal dysplasias in art and antiquities: A cultural journey through genes, environment, and chance
Authors: Botto Lorenzo D.
Published: May 2021

People with skeletal dysplasias have left traces in art and antiquities through ages and cultures worldwide, in Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece, Sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia, and Europe. Such traces record the impact of people with skeletal dysplasia on society and culture—in daily life, religion, and mythology. However, identifying (“diagnosing”) skeletal dysplasia in artifacts and interpreting what such depictions meant within the culture in which they were created is extremely challenging and at times impossible. The objectives of this short and necessarily selective survey are to present a few examples of art through different ages and cultures as a springboard for discussion not only on potential medical diagnoses but also on the lives of people with chondrodysplasia and how they were valued in the society in which they lived. The artifacts were selected from Ancient Egypt, Classical Greece, Mesoamerica (Maya), Sub‐Saharan Africa (Kingdom of Benin), Tang China, and 17th Century Europe. In some cases, surviving artifacts with likely depictions of skeletal dysplasia are few and their cultural context incompletely understood. Nevertheless, certain themes and attitudes seem to repeat across different times and regions, though some cultures, such as those in Ancient Egypt, appeared to have had a comparatively positive view of people with restricted growth and chondrodysplasia.
Reflections on observing faces in art
Authors: Battaglia Agatino , Carey John C.
Published: May 2021

The experience of art provides the visitor of a museum or gallery with the opportunity to contemplate and share the human condition both from the physical and psychological point of view. Because of the accessibility and the number of museums throughout Europe, classical European art as both sculpture and painting, affords the viewer the opportunity to experience life from one part of the world over centuries of history. These museums occasionally exhibit pieces showing a person with a human disorder and physical differences. On viewing such artwork, practitioners of health care, especially dysmorphologists, usually find themselves observing such pieces within the context of their practice. In this essay, the coauthors reflect on paintings and sculptures which remind us of our patients with similar physical and medical conditions. Various works of art also provide the opportunity to observe and view the human face from many vantage points and times in history. Several paintings are cited to illustrate the central themes of the Commentary: the human circumstance of disease and differences and the skill of observing and describing the human face.
Mechanistic Study of Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation over Pd/ZnO‐Based Catalysts: The Role of Palladium–Zinc Alloy in Selective Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Zabilskiy Maxim , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Newton Mark A. , Krumeich Frank , Nachtegaal Maarten , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: May 2021

Pd/ZnO catalysts show good activity and high selectivity to methanol during catalytic CO2 hydrogenation. The Pd‐Zn alloy phase has usually been considered as the active phase, though mechanistic studies under operando conditions have not been conducted to verify this. Here, we report a mechanistic study under realistic conditions of methanol synthesis, using in situ and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, and time‐resolved isotope labeling experiments coupled with FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Pd‐Zn alloy‐based catalysts, prepared through reduction of a heterobimetallic PdIIZnII acetate bridge complex, and which do not contain zinc oxide or any PdZn/ZnO interface, produce mostly CO. The Pd‐Zn phase is associated with the formation of CO, and does not provide the active sites required to produce methanol from the direct hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. The presence of a ZnO phase, in contact with a Pd‐Zn phase, is essential for efficient methanol production.
Influence of fluorine‐containing side chain on the properties of waterborne polyurethane‐urea
Authors: Zhao Yanqing , Su Yingli , Zou Wangcai , Chen Gang , Deng Yiqing , Cheng Jun , Ren Haisheng , Zhao Qiang
Published: May 2021

In order to prepare waterborne polyurethane with excellent water resistance and thermodynamic properties, a series of side chain fluorinated waterborne polyurethane‐urea (FWPU‐UA) was synthesized with polytetramethylene ether glycol,N‐(2‐methyl‐1,3‐propanediol‐2′‐)‐perfluoro‐1‐butanesulfonyl amine (NPBA), isophorone diisocyanate, and isophoronediamine. With the increase of NPBA content, the weight loss temperature, glass transition temperature, and tensile strength of FWPU‐UA were all improved. Gaussian fitting analysis of infrared data and density functional theory simulation proved that the introduction of fluorine side chains increased the interaction of hydrogen bonding in the FWPU‐UA. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the aggregation of fluorine atoms on the surface of film were caused by the migration and enrichment of fluorine side chains. Furthermore, the water resistance of polyurethane‐urea film could be significantly improved by adding a small amount of NPBA, and the seven‐day water absorption rate of polyurethane‐urea film was reduced from 30.13% to 12.55%.
Relevance of graphene oxide as nanofiller for geometrical variation in unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composite
Authors: Pathak Abhishek K. , Garg Hema , Yokozeki Tomohiro , Dhakate Sanjay R.
Published: May 2021

Curved geometry in unidirectional CFRP (UD‐CFRP) demands ideal shape optimization to attain superior performance while maintaining the desired high strength to weight ratio. Herein, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) as the potential filler to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of flat and curved specimens of UD‐CFRP was investigated. The GO was synthesized using Hummer's method and introduced in the epoxy resin by wet transfer technique. Three‐point and four‐point bending analysis of UD‐CFRP showed maximum flexural strength and modulus at 0.3 wt% GO addition in UD‐CFRP. The improved interfacial adhesion of 0.3 wt% GO incorporated UD‐CFRP was realized by calculating storage modulus, reinforcement efficiency factor (r), C‐factor, adhesion factor, cross‐linking density, and glass transition temperature (Tg) from dynamic mechanical analyzer. Fracture analysis by scanning electron microscope showed the superior interlocking in carbon fiber, and epoxy polymer at 0.3 wt% GO addition.
Comparative 13C‐metabolic flux analysis indicates elevation of ATP regeneration, carbon dioxide, and heat production in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Yatabe Futa , Okahashi Nobuyuki , Seike Taisuke , Matsuda Fumio
Published: May 2021

Background

Various industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are used for specific processes, such as sake, wine brewing and bread making. Understanding mechanisms underlying the fermentation performance of these strains would be useful for further engineering of the S. cerevisiae metabolism. However, the relationship between the fermentation performance, intra‐cellular metabolic states, and other phenotypic characteristics of industrial yeasts is still unclear. In this study, 13C‐metabolic flux analysis of four diploid yeast strains—laboratory, sake, bread, and wine yeasts—was conducted.

Results

While the Crabtree effect was observed for all strains, the metabolic flux level of glycolysis was elevated in bread and sake yeast. Furthermore, increased flux levels of the TCA cycle were commonly observed in the three industrial strains. The specific rates of CO2 production, net ATP regeneration, and metabolic heat generation estimated from the metabolic flux distribution were two to three times greater than those of the laboratory strain. The elevation in metabolic heat generation was correlated with the tolerance to low‐temperature stress.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the metabolic flux distribution of sake and bread yeast strains contributes to faster production of ethanol and CO2. It is also suggested that the generation of metabolic heat is preferable under the actual industrial fermentation conditions.
Easy three‐dimensional scanning technology for anatomy education using a free cellphone app
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Terada Satoshi , Kim Hee‐Jin , Tabira Yoko , Arakawa Takamitsu , Watanabe Koichi , Dumont Aaron S. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: May 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought difficult times to anatomy educators and medical/dental students. Under normal circumstances, gross anatomy classes give students opportunities to touch and observe human bones and cadaveric tissues, thus enhancing their understanding; such morphology is difficult to learn from textbooks alone. As many studies have shown, three‐dimensional (3D) technologies used in online lectures can serve as alternatives to real specimens for providing knowledge of anatomy. However, such technologies are often expensive. The goal of this study was to create 3D anatomy models for online lectures using a free cellphone app. Free application software (Qlone) was used to create 3D anatomical models. The extracranium and intracranium of adult skull, fetal skull, mandible, temporal bone, second cervical vertebra, and ilium were all scanned and exported to the computer in 3D format. A total of 53 anatomical structures were evaluated by nine observers. Although the 53 structures used in this study did not include all the structures that students need to learn, visibility was good/acceptable for most of the 53. The free and simple 3D scanning app used in this study could enable anatomy educators to provide better content to students during online lectures.
Clinical anatomy considerations on the muscular and vascular components of the midface by ultrasonographic imaging
Authors: Hormazabal‐Peralta Alonso , Lee Kang‐woo , Lee Hyung‐Jin , Choi You‐Jin , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: May 2021

The first signs of face aging appear in the midface, so procedures such as botulinum toxin and filler injections are performed there. However, no guidelines based on clinical anatomy describing the muscular and vascular components in vivo have been published. The aim of this research was to describe the depths of the midface muscles and the locations of vessels using ultrasonographic (US) imaging. US was applied at 12 landmarks on the midface in 88 volunteers (49 males and 39 females; 19–36 years) to detect sex differences in the depths of muscles and the locations of the vessels. The depths of the orbicularis oculi (OOc), levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN), and zygomaticus minor (Zmi) differed significantly with sex at P7 (p = 0.001) and P8 (p = 0.017), P1 (p = 0.028), and P4 (p = 0.035), respectively. The facial artery, facial vein, angular artery, angular vein, and perforator vessels were found at P9, P2 and P10, P1, P1 and P5, and P8, P11 and P12, respectively. The findings indicate that the depths of the OOc, LLSAN, and Zmi muscles differ between the sexes and that the vessels appear at specific landmarks. This information could help in developing anatomical guidelines for several procedures.
The role of comprehensive analysis with circulating tumor DNA in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients considered for osimertinib treatment
Authors: Sueoka‐Aragane Naoko , Nakashima Chiho , Yoshida Hironori , Matsumoto Naohisa , Iwanaga Kentaro , Ebi Noriyuki , Nishiyama Akihiro , Yatera Kazuhiro , Kuyama Shoichi , Fukuda Minoru , Ushijima Sunao , Umeguchi Hitomi , Harada Daijiro , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Suetsugu Takayuki , Fujimoto Nobukazu , Tanaka Fumihiro , Uramoto Hidetaka , Yoshii Chiharu , Nakatomi Katsumi , Koh Genju , Seki Nobuhiko , Aoe Keisuke , Nosaki Kaname , Inoue Koji , Takamori Ayako , Kawaguchi Atsushi
Published: May 2021

Background

EGFR mutations are good predictive markers of efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI), but whether comprehensive genomic analysis beyond EGFR itself with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) adds further predictive or prognostic value has not been clarified.

Methods

Patients with NSCLC who progressed after treatment with EGFR‐TKI, and with EGFR T790 M detected by an approved companion diagnostic test (cobas®), were treated with osimertinib. Plasma samples were collected before and after treatment. Retrospective comprehensive next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of ctDNA was performed with Guardant360®. Correlation between relevant mutations in ctDNA prior to treatment and clinical outcomes, as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance, were analyzed.

Results

Among 147 patients tested, 57 patients received osimertinib, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 58%. NGS was successful in 54 of 55 available banked plasma samples; EGFR driver mutations were detected in 43 (80%) and T790 M in 32 (59%). The ORR differed significantly depending on the ratio (T790 M allele fraction [AF])/(sum of variant AF) in ctDNA (p = 0.044). The total number of alterations detected in plasma by NGS was higher in early resistance patients (p = 0.025). T790 M was lost in 32% of patients (6 out of 19) after acquired resistance to osimertinib. One patient with RB1 deletion and copy number gains of EGFR, PIK3CA, and MYC in addition to T790 M, showed rapid progression due to suspected small cell transformation.

Conclusions

NGS of ctDNA could be a promising method for predicting osimertinib efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR T790 M.
Admission control mechanism for quality of service and security in H.323 voice gateway
Authors: EL‐Ashri Nader K. , Badran Ehab F. , Zaki Amira I. , Badawi Waleed K.
Published: May 2021

The rapid demand on the VOIP communication lead to the increase of the development of information security and the offered quality. Therefore, information technology has increased the deepening and developing of call admission control (CAC). In which, admission decisions and resource reservations are taken at the edge voice gateway, rather than resources or individual routers within the network. This means that, CAC decision is made before a voice call is established and it depends on the availability of the required call resources to provide suitable quality of service (QoS) for the new call. In this article, a new model for voice network, in order to achieve QoS along with security, is proposed. In the proposed model, the admission control decision is taken place at H.323 voice gateways using resource reservation protocol. It is shown that the admission control decision should be taken at edge H.323 voice gateways. This will lead to provide the accepted security for both, source and destination nodes which were previously authenticated through the identity services engine. It is concluded from the simulation results that the packet loss rate of call flows after implementing the mechanism is almost 0%. In addition, there is no jitter although there is some delay for packet delivery “Latency.” The latency observed by the proposed model is still accepted according to the ITU G.114 standard which recommends a maximum of a 150 ms one‐way latency. All results are tested in GNS3 based simulation to evaluate the performance of voice gateway based upon CAC.
Frequency and type of adverse analytical findings in athletics: Differences among disciplines
Authors: Aguilar‐Navarro Millán , Salinero Juan J. , Muñoz‐Guerra Jesús , Plata María del Mar , Del Coso Juan
Published: May 2021

Athletics is a highly diverse sport that contains a set of disciplines grouped into jumps, throws, races of varying distances, and combined events. From a physiological standpoint, the physical capabilities linked to success are quite different among disciplines, with varying involvements of muscle strength, muscle power, and endurance. Thus, the use of banned substances in athletics might be dictated by physical dimensions of each discipline. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to analyse the number and distribution of adverse analytical findings per drug class in athletic disciplines. The data included in this investigation were gathered from the Anti‐Doping Testing Figure Report made available by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (from 2016 to 2018). Interestingly, there were no differences in the frequency of adverse findings (overall,~0.95%, range from 0.77 to 1.70%) among disciplines despite long distance runners having the highest number of samples analysed per year (~9812 samples/year). Sprinters and throwers presented abnormally high proportions of adverse analytical findings within the group of anabolic agents (p < 0.01); middle‐ and long‐distance runners presented atypically high proportions of findings related to peptide hormones and growth factors (p < 0.01); racewalkers presented atypically high proportions of banned diuretics and masking agents (p = 0.05). These results suggest that the proportion of athletes that are using banned substances is similar among the different disciplines of athletics. However, there are substantial differences in the class of drugs more commonly used in each discipline. This information can be used to effectively enhance anti‐doping testing protocols in athletics.
Long‐term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids
Authors: De Wilde Laurie , Van Renterghem Pieter , Van Eenoo Peter
Published: May 2021

The most frequently detected substances prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) belong to the anabolic steroids class. The most challenging compounds among this class are the endogenous anabolic steroids, which are detected by quantitative measurement of testosterone (T) and its metabolites with a so‐called “steroid profiling” method. The current steroid profile is based on the concentrations and ratios of the sum of free and glucuronidated steroids. Recently, our group developed a steroid profiling method for the detection of three free steroids and 14 intact steroid conjugates, including both the glucuronic acid conjugated and sulfated fraction. The study aimed at evaluating the long‐term stability of steroid conjugate concentrations and ratios, and the influence of different endogenous steroids on this extended steroid profile. A single dose of oral T undecanoate (TU), topical T gel, topical dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel, and oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was administered to six healthy male volunteers. One additional volunteer with a homozygote deletion of the UGT2B17 gene (del/del genotype) received a single topical dose of T gel. An intramuscular dose of TU was administered to another volunteer. To avoid fluctuation of steroid concentrations caused by variations in urinary flow rates, steroid ratios were calculated and evaluated as possible biomarkers for the detection of endogenous steroid abuse with low doses. Overall, sulfates do not have substantial additional value in prolonging detection times for the investigated endogenous steroids and administration doses. The already monitored glucuronides were overall the best markers and were sufficient to detect the administered steroids.
Ecological genetics ofJuglans nigra: Differences in early growth patterns of natural populations
Authors: Onofrio Lauren , Hawley Gary , Leites Laura P.
Published: May 2021

Many boreal and temperate forest tree species distributed across large geographic ranges are composed of populations adapted to the climate they inhabit. Forestry provenance studies and common gardens provide evidence of local adaptation to climate when associations between fitness traits and the populations' home climates are observed. Most studies that evaluate tree height as a fitness trait do so at a specific point in time. In this study, we elucidate differences in early growth patterns in black walnut (Juglans nigraL.) populations by modeling height growth from seed up to age 11. The data comprise tree height measurements between ages 2 and 11 for 52 natural populations of black walnut collected through its geographic range and planted in one or more of 3 common gardens. We use the Chapman–Richards growth model in a mixed effects framework and test whether populations differ in growth patterns by incorporating populations' home climate into the model. In addition, we evaluate differences in populations' absolute growth and relative growth based on the fitted model. Models indicated that populations from warmer climates had the highest cumulative growth through time, with differences in average tree height between populations from home climates with a mean annual temperature (MAT) of 13°C and of 7°C estimated to be as high as 80% at age 3. Populations from warmer climates were also estimated to have higher and earlier maximum absolute growth rate than populations from colder climates. In addition, populations from warm climates were predicted to have higher relative growth rates at any given tree size. Results indicate that natural selection may shape early growth patterns of populations within a tree species, suggesting that fast early growth rates are likely selected for in relatively mild environments where competition rather than tolerance to environmental stressors becomes the dominant selection pressure.
Energy landscape analysis elucidates the multistability of ecological communities across environmental gradients
Authors: Suzuki Kenta , Nakaoka Shinji , Fukuda Shinji , Masuya Hiroshi
Published: May 2021

Compositional multistability is widely observed in multispecies ecological communities. Since differences in community composition often lead to differences in community function, understanding compositional multistability is essential to comprehend the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystems. In community assembly studies, it has long been recognized that the order and timing of species migration and extinction influence structure and function of communities. The study of multistability in ecology has focused on the change in dynamical stability across environmental gradients, and was developed mainly for low‐dimensional systems. As a result, methodologies for studying the compositional stability of empirical multispecies communities are not well developed. Here, we show that models previously used in ecology can be analyzed from a new perspective, the energy landscape, to unveil compositional stability in observational data. To show that our method can be applicable to real‐world ecological communities, we simulated assembly dynamics driven by population‐level processes, and show that results were mostly robust to different simulation assumptions. Our method reliably captured the change in the overall compositional stability of multispecies communities over environmental change, and indicated a small fraction of community compositions that may be channels for transitions between stable states. When applied to murine gut microbiota, our method showed the presence of two alternative states whose relationship changes with age, and suggested mechanisms by which aging affects the compositional stability of the murine gut microbiota. Our method provides a practical tool to study the compositional stability of communities in a changing world, and will facilitate empirical studies that integrate the concept of multistability from different fields.
Size Effect of (CuO)n (n = 1–6) Clusters on the Modification of Rutile–TiO2 Photocatalysts
Authors: Zheng Chaohe , Bu Hengfeng , Yang Fan , Xu Zuwei , Zhao Haibo
Published: May 2021

The size‐dependent properties of metal/metal oxide clusters have received increasing interest due to their significant role in promoting heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, an ab initio method is used to investigate the photocatalytic properties of TiO2‐supported (CuO)n nanoclusters (n = 1−6). The molecular configuration and energetic evolution of gas‐phase (CuO)n clusters are first investigated using a combined simulated annealing–density functional theory (DFT) method, and the quantum size effect is found in planar cluster structures due to the scarcity of electron levels. Subsequently, by supporting the (CuO)n clusters on rutile–TiO2 (110) facets, the stability, the light‐absorption ability, the charge separation efficiency, and the reactivity of excited electrons for different (CuO)n−TiO2 heterojunctions are analyzed. It is noted that (CuO)3 and (CuO)4 clusters have the best antiaggregation property, and the small clusters usually possess higher charge separation efficiency, whereas large clusters show better light‐absorption performance. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction is favored on middle‐sized CuO clusters‐modified TiO2, e.g., (CuO)3−TiO2, due to its proper band alignment, high photoelectron reactivity, good light‐absorption ability, and structural stability.
A Review on Thermal Properties Improvement of Phase Change Materials and Its Combination with Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Xuelai , Ji Jun , Wu Yifan , Liu Lu
Published: May 2021

This article summarizes measures to enhance the solar phase change thermal energy storage (TES), starting from two key points in solar phase change TES research: solar phase change materials (PCM) and solar phase transition devices. First, different types of PCM and their advantages and disadvantages are introduced. To improve thermal performance, the research progress of different dimensional thermal conductivity additives, photothermal composite phase change materials (CPCM), and phase change microcapsules is reviewed. Then, the characteristics of commonly used solar phase transition TES devices and the research status of solar energy device improvement with fins and multistage phase transition TES are summarized for the past few years. It is hoped to provide methods and ideas for the design and research of solar phase change TES systems, and to increase the overall heat transfer properties through the combination of multiple optimization methods. Finally, the future direction and research focus of solar phase change TES technology are put forward.
Effect of onion on blood lipid profile: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Wang , Tang Gang , Zhang Linyu , Tao Jie , Wei Zhengqiang
Published: May 2021

Background

Studies indicate that onion supplementation may be effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia; however, the results remain controversial. This meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate potential benefits of onion on lipid profile.

Methods

Up to 12 October 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of onion on lipid profile. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Meta‐analysis was conducted using the fixed‐effects model.

Results

Ten trials with 446 participants in total were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled findings of 10 studies suggested that onion supplementation significantly improved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (MD: 2.29 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.72; I2 = 0%) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (MD: −6.64 mg/dl; 95% CI: −10.91, −2.36; I2 = 32%),while onion supplementation did not significantly lower triglycerides (TG) (MD: −6.55 mg/dl; 95% CI: −15.64, 2.53; I2 = 45%). Analysis of nine trials showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (MD: −5.39 mg/dl; 95% CI: −10.68, −0.09; I2 = 49%) in patients with onion supplementation compared to the control group.

Conclusion

In summary, supplementation of onion was beneficial to control dyslipidemia, including improving levels of HDL, LDL, and TC, but could not reduce TG level. The therapeutic benefits of onion for dyslipidemia need to be treated with caution considering that some of the results are not robust.