bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling time-varying signals of ultralight bosonic dark matter at collider and beam dump experiments
Authors: Guo Jinhui , He Yuxuan , Liu Jia , Wang Xiao-Ping , Xie Ke-Pan
Published: August 2023

The ultralight boson represents a promising dark matter candidate exhibiting unique wave-like behaviors. These properties could transfer to the dark mediator, such as the kinetic mixing dark photon, which can be a link between the dark and Standard Model sectors, resulting in periodic oscillations of its mass. We propose a method to detect ultralight dark matter using dark mediators in collider and beam dump experiments, distinguishing it from conventional atomic, molecular, and optical methods. The time-varying nature of dark mediator mass exhibits a double-peak spectrum, reducing traditional constraints by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, due to decreased luminosity exposure in each resonant mass bin. To enhance sensitivity, we utilize event time-stamps in the CMS Open Data and demonstrate that this technique boosts sensitivity by approximately one order of magnitude compared to the time-blind method. Moreover, it proves effective in detecting the invisible decay of the dark mediator.
Quantifying hole-motion-induced frustration in doped antiferromagnets by Hamiltonian reconstruction
Authors: Schlömer Henning , Hilker Timon A. , Bloch Immanuel , Schollwöck Ulrich , Grusdt Fabian , Bohrdt Annabelle
Published: August 2023

Unveiling the microscopic origins of quantum phases dominated by the interplay of spin and motional degrees of freedom constitutes one of the central challenges in strongly correlated many-body physics. When holes move through an antiferromagnetic spin background, they displace the positions of spins, which induces effective frustration in the magnetic environment. However, a concrete characterization of this effect in a quantum many-body system is still an unsolved problem. Here we present a Hamiltonian reconstruction scheme that allows for a precise quantification of hole-motion-induced frustration. We access non-local correlation functions through projective measurements of the many-body state, from which effective spin-Hamiltonians can be recovered after detaching the magnetic background from dominant charge fluctuations. The scheme is applied to systems of mixed dimensionality, where holes are restricted to move in one dimension, but SU(2) superexchange is two-dimensional. We demonstrate that hole motion drives the spin background into a highly frustrated regime, which can quantitatively be described by an effective J1–J2-type spin model. We exemplify the applicability of the reconstruction scheme to ultracold atom experiments by recovering effective spin-Hamiltonians of experimentally obtained 1D Fermi-Hubbard snapshots. Our method can be generalized to fully 2D systems, enabling promising microscopic perspectives on the doped Hubbard model.
Hyperconcentrated floods cause extreme gravel transport through the sandy rivers of the Gangetic Plains
Authors: Quick Laura , Creed Maggie. J. , Sinclair Hugh. D. , Attal Mikaël , Borthwick Alistair. G. L. , Sinha Rajiv
Published: August 2023

The Gangetic Plains comprise steep gravelly river channels that transition to low gradient sandy channels 10-40 km downstream of the mountain front. This “gravel-sand transition" is characterized by an abrupt greater-than-one-order-of-magnitude drop in both gradient and sediment grain size, suggesting a degree of long-term stability. However, the stratigraphic record of the gravel-sand transition in the Miocene Siwalik Group demonstrates intermittent transport of coarse gravels tens of kilometres downstream of the transition; such events in contemporary channels would drive channel avulsion(s) and increase flood risk, devastating communities across the plains. We combine sedimentological analysis of Siwalik deposits with entrainment calculations which demonstrate that hyperconcentration is required to transport coarse bedload over low-gradient plains. Transport conditions are attainable when intense monsoon precipitation (a 200- to 1000-year event) is combined with increased suspended sediment concentrations in channels. Predicted climate change and ongoing seismicity increase the likelihood of such extreme events within this century.
Integrating microbial community properties, biomass and necromass to predict cropland soil organic carbon
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Xu , Zhang Yang , Morrissey Ember , Liu Yue , Sun Lifei , Qu Lingrui , Sang Changpeng , Zhang Hong , Li Guochen , Zhang Lili , Fang Yunting
Published: August 2023

Manipulating microorganisms to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands remains a challenge. Soil microbes are important drivers of SOC sequestration, especially via their necromass accumulation. However, microbial parameters are rarely used to predict cropland SOC stocks, possibly due to uncertainties regarding the relationships between microbial carbon pools, community properties and SOC. Herein we evaluated the microbial community properties (diversity and network complexity), microbial carbon pools (biomass and necromass carbon) and SOC in 468 cropland soils across northeast China. We found that not only microbial necromass carbon but also microbial community properties (diversity and network complexity) and biomass carbon were correlated with SOC. Microbial biomass carbon and diversity played more important role in predicting SOC for maize, while microbial network complexity was more important for rice. Models to predict SOC performed better when the microbial community and microbial carbon pools were included simultaneously. Taken together our results suggest that microbial carbon pools and community properties influence SOC accumulation in croplands, and management practices that improve these microbial parameters may increase cropland SOC levels.
Investigation of the chiral recognition role of cyclodextrin hydroxyl moieties via high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Yuan , Jin Xiaoning , Xiao Yin , Ma Xiaofei , Wang Yong
Published: August 2023

Four structurally well-defined chiral stationary phases of allylimidazole cyclodextrin derivatives were prepared for enantioseparation to explore the role of cyclodextrin hydroxyl groups.
Programmable site-specific delivery of an alkaline phosphatase-activatable prodrug and a mitochondria-targeted cyclopeptide for combination therapy in colon cancer
Authors: Chen Huachao , Yao Yongrong , Zhao Xing , Tan Ninghua
Published: August 2023

This work reports a hyaluronic acid-coated liposome which was designed to efficiently deliver multi-organelle-targeted and ALP/GSH dual-responsive prodrugs for combination therapy on colon tumors.
Cationic N,S-chelate half-sandwich iridium complexes: synthesis, characterization, anticancer and antiplasmodial activity
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Yu-Zhou , Liu Zhen-Jiang , Yao Zi-Jian
Published: August 2023

A series of cationic N,S-chelate half-sandwich iridium complexes were prepared, which exhibited good anticancer activity against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, these complexes are also efficient in antiplasmodial study.
Organocatalytic (3+3)-cycloaddition of ortho-substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes: a facile access to enantioenriched 1,2-oxazinanes
Authors: Hazra Arijit , Ghosh Asit , Yadav Neeraj , Banerjee Prabal
Published: August 2023

The first asymmetric (3+3)-cycloaddition of ortho-substituted phenyl nitrones with aryl cyclopropane carbaldehydes has been demonstrated by secondary amine catalysts.
Gallium reactivates first and second generation quinolone antibiotics towards drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sultana Tania , Duffin Rebekah N. , Blair Victoria L. , Andrews Philip C.
Published: August 2023

Homoleptic [GaL3] and heteroleptic organometallic [GaMe2L] gallium complexes of inactive quinolone antibiotics show enhanced antibacterial activity (MIC 0.024–0.781 μM) towards four multi-drug resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Diversifying chemical space of DNA-encoded libraries: synthesis of 2-oxa-1-azaspiro(bicyclo[3.2.0])heptanes on-DNA via visible light-mediated energy transfer catalysis
Authors: Matsuo Bianca , Kim Saegun , Shreiber Scott T. , Levitre Guillaume , Li Longbo , Crane Erika A. , McClain Edward J. , Voight Eric A. , Molander Gary A.
Published: August 2023

Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes are valuable synthetic targets for drug discovery programs.
Synthesis of penta- and hexa(3,4-thienylene): size-dependent structural properties of cyclic oligothiophenes
Authors: Nagase Mai , Nakano Sachiko , Segawa Yasutomo
Published: August 2023

Penta- and hexa(3,4-thienylene)s were synthesized and their nonplanar macrocyclic structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculation revealed size-dependent isomerization behavior.
Flexible self-powered solar-blind Schottky photodetectors based on individual Ga2O3 microwire/MXene junctions
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Yun , Sha Shulin , Zhou Zhiming , Yang Bingwang , Tang Kai , Kan Caixia , Wan Peng , Jiang Mingming
Published: August 2023

Flexible solar-blind Schottky photodetectors made of individual β-Ga2O3 microwires (MWs) and Ti3C2Tx (MXene) on a PET substrate are designed.
Research progress on surface modifications for phosphors used in light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Authors: Zhang Chenning , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Takeda Takashi , Hirosaki Naoto
Published: August 2023

Thermal degradation on PL intensity of as-prepared and N2-treated Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors with heating (heating from 30 °C to 300 °C) and cooling (from 300 °C to 30 °C). Insets are their photographs phosphor powders excited in a 365 nm-UV box.
In situ fabrication of Z-scheme C3N4/Ti3C2/CdS for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Cao Jianrui , Zhou Suyu , Cai Junhao , Han Junhe , Liu Junhui , Li Ruoping , Huang Mingju
Published: August 2023

A Z-Scheme heterojunction is fabricated in situ. Because of plenty of reactive sites, wide absorption spectra and rapid charge transfer, the high photocatalytic efficiency is obtained and maintained.
On the nature of noble gas – metal bond in silver aggregates
Authors: Courtney Celian , Siberchicot Bruno
Published: August 2023

Our QTAIM study of the noble gas – silver bond concluded on the favored adsorption of heavier noble gases (Kr, Xe and Rn) over that of lighter noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) on any aggregate size due to an enhanced chemical contribution in the bond.
Heavy pnicogen atoms as electron donors in sigma-hole bonds
Authors: Amonov Akhtam , Scheiner Steve
Published: August 2023

DFT calculations evaluate the strength of σ-hole bonds formed by ZH3and ZMe3(Z = N, P, As, Sb) acting as electron donor.
Correction: A label-free aptamer-based nanogap capacitive biosensor with greatly diminished electrode polarization effects
Authors: Saribal Zahra
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘A label-free aptamer-based nanogap capacitive biosensor with greatly diminished electrode polarization effects’ by Zahra Saribal et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 681–691, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP05510F.
Automated routing of droplets for DNA storage on a digital microfluidics platform
Authors: Manicka Ajay , Stephan Andrew , Chari Sriram , Mendonsa Gemma , Okubo Peyton , Stolzberg-Schray John , Reddy Anil , Riedel Marc
Published: August 2023

Automated routing of droplets for DNA storage on an industrial-scale digital microfluidics platform.
Biotin and boron-dipyrromethene-tagged platinum(iv) prodrug for cellular imaging and mito-targeted photocytotoxicity in red light
Authors: Bera Arpan , Nepalia Amrita , Upadhyay Aarti , Kumar Saini Deepak , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: August 2023

A cisplatin-derived cis,cis,trans-[PtIV(NH3)2Cl2(biotin)(L)] prodrug having tumour targeting biotin and PEGylated-BODIPY as red-light photosensitizer showed apoptotic 1O2-mediated photocytotoxicity following “Chemo-PDT” pathway.
Non-destructive food-quality analysis using near-infrared luminescence from Mg3Gd2Ge3O12:Cr3+
Authors: Li Chaojie , Sójka Małgorzata , Zhong Jiyou , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: August 2023

An efficient broadband NIR garnet-type Mg3Gd2Ge3O12:Cr3+ phosphor with relatively long emission wavelength was developed, which demonstrates an excellent performance in NIR pc-LED applications.
Alternative method to Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclobutenones using I2/DMSO catalytic systems
Authors: Sun Yichen , Hu Zhibin , Peng Jing , Qin Qixue , Jiao Ning
Published: August 2023

A novel and efficient approach utilizing I2/DMSO catalytic systems for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidative rearrangement of cyclobutenones was developed.
Supraparticles on beads for supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions – the SCALMS suprabead concept
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas , Madubuko Nnamdi , Groppe Philipp , Raczka Theodor , Dünninger Nils , Taccardi Nicola , Carl Simon , Apeleo Zubiri Benjamin , Spiecker Erdmann , Wasserscheid Peter , Mandel Karl , Haumann Marco , Wintzheimer Susanne
Published: August 2023

A novel GaPt-based supported catalytically active liquid metal solution (SCALMS) material is developed by exploiting the suprabead concept.
Carbon dots/layered zirconium phosphate composites for the adsorption–detection integration of iron ions
Authors: Hou Juan , Gao Xu , Li Guijie , Liu Huiling , Chen Qinqin , Sun Jing , Yang Guang
Published: August 2023

This work reveals a novel and green insight into iron ion detection and removal from water samples using carbon dots/zirconium phosphate layered composites for the first time.
Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2: a new lead-containing alkali earth metal silicate fluoride with a short cutoff edge
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Deng Lihan , Xu Die , Hu Mei , Wu Zhencheng , Su Xin , Huang Yineng
Published: August 2023

New lead-containing silicate fluoride, Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2, exhibits a short cutoff edge, promising for applications in optical devices.
Electrocatalytic NO reduction to NH3 over TiS2 nanosheets
Authors: Wang Xiangli , Yang Lan , Zhang Guike , Chu Ke
Published: August 2023

TiS2 nanosheets are validated as a high-efficiency catalyst for electrocatalytic conversion of NO into NH3 (NORR), which is ascribed to the Ti active centers for enhancing the NORR protonation process and suppressing the competitive HER.
Evaluation of bioorthogonally applicable tetrazine–Cy3 probes for fluorogenic labeling schemes
Authors: Albitz Evelin , Németh Krisztina , Knorr Gergely , Kele Péter
Published: August 2023

Evaluation of tetrazine-modulated fluorogenic Cy3 probes revealed that internal conversion-based quenching of fluorescence results in better fluorogenic performances even in spectral ranges where tetrazines have diminished modulation power.
Charge-enriched RuO2 nanoparticles decorating TiO2 with Ti defects to promote oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media
Authors: Wang Ye , Hao YiXin , Wang Luqi , Li Chunsheng , Ren Jianwei , Sun Yan , Hu Feng , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie
Published: August 2023

RuO2 supported metal-deficient TiO2 substrate presents superior electrocatalytic activity for OER in acidic media, which is attributed to the introduction of Ti defects modulated the local electronic structures of Ru sites and TiO2 substrate.
Photoinduced desaturative β-C(sp3)–H amidation of N-phenylpiperidine with phthalimide driven by electron donor–acceptor complexes
Authors: Sun Bin , Jiang Yu , Huang Pan-Yi , Li Pei-Xuan , Lv Chun , Xu Yan , Wang Jia-Yang , Jin Can
Published: August 2023

A photocatalytic method for desaturative C(sp3)–H amidation of N-phenylpiperidine under external photocatalyst- and transition metal-free conditions.
Effect of bismuth doping on the crystal structure and photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide
Authors: Tolan Dina A. , El-Sawaf Ayman K. , Alhindawy Islam G. , Ismael Mohamed H. , Nassar Amal A. , El-Nahas Ahmed M. , Maize Mai , Elshehy Emad A. , El-Khouly Mohamed E.
Published: August 2023

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using TiO2-doping of Bi2O3.
Enhanced charge transport properties of an LFP/C/graphite composite as a cathode material for aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Duan Wenyuan , Husain Mubashir , Li Yanlin , Lashari Najeeb ur Rehman , Yang Yuhuan , Ma Cheng , Zhao Yuzhen , Li Xiaorui
Published: August 2023

Electrodes that offer quick ion transport, a large surface area, and excellent electrical conductivity support high performance aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries.
Catalytic evaluation and in vitro bacterial inactivation of graphitic carbon nitride/carbon sphere doped bismuth oxide quantum dots with evidential in silico analysis
Authors: Ikram Muhammad , Shazaib Muhammad , Haider Ali , Shahzadi Anum , Baz Shair , Algaradah Mohammed M. , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Nabgan Walid , Abd-Rabboh Hisham S. M. , Ali Salamat
Published: August 2023

Herein, Bi2O3 quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesized and doped with various concentrations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and a fixed amount of carbon spheres (CS) using a co-precipitation technique.
Machine learning classification of polar sub-phases in liquid crystal MHPOBC
Authors: Betts Rebecca , Dierking Ingo
Published: August 2023

Supervised machine learning was used to automatically predict the paraelectric, ferroelectric, ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases of a polar liquid crystal MHPOBC. The overall accuracy was larger than 93%.
High-temperature resistant polyetherimides containing a twisted spirane structure for capacitive energy storage
Authors: Duan Yanan , Wongwirat Thumawadee , Ju Tianxiong , Zhang Shihai , Wei Junji , Zhu Lei
Published: August 2023

The as-prepared PEI with a twisted spirane structure exhibited high Tg (>300 °C) and excellent high-temperature energy storage properties (200 °C).
Construction of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based ionogels with continuous ion transport channels enables high performance ionic soft actuators
Authors: Cao Jinlong , Zhang Zhen , Ye Lin , Zhao Xiaowen
Published: August 2023

A superior PVA-based ionic actuator was developed by forming continuous ion transport channels via ion–dipole interaction at the phase interface, while strong adhesion of the electrode/ionogel reduced transport resistance, achieving high actuating properties.
Excellent energy storage density and superior discharge properties of NBT–NN–ST/xHfO2 ceramics via 0–3 type heterogeneous structure designing
Authors: Shen Meng , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Husheng , Zhou Wen , Zhang Yifei , Li Qifan , Zhang Qingfeng , Jiang Shenglin , Zhang Guangzu , Chen Yong
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate 0–3 type heterogeneous NBT–NN–ST/HfO2 composites to achieve high Eb and Pmax. Some HfO2 are concentrated in grain boundaries to suppress local electric branches’ development for enhancing Eb while others diffuse into lattice to improve bonds’ polarity for maintaining high Pmax.
Green fabrication of pore-modulated carbon aerogels using a biological template for high-energy density supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Yangkai , Xu Dan , He Zijian , Zhang Zihang , Fan Liwu , Wang Shurong
Published: August 2023

A chitosan-based carbon aerogel achieved a hierarchical porous structure through pore modulation assisted by mantis shrimp shells as a biological template, reaching a high energy density of 82.5 W h kg−1 as a supercapacitor electrode material.
Cascade strategy for glucose oxidase-based synergistic cancer therapy using nanomaterials
Authors: He Ruixuan , Yang Peida , Liu Aoxue , Zhang Yueli , Chen Yuqi , Chang Cong , Lu Bo
Published: August 2023

Nanomaterial-based cancer therapy faces significant limitations due to the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Functional material-mediated wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration
Authors: Li Jialu , Wu Chengheng , Zeng Mingze , Zhang Yusheng , Wei Dan , Sun Jing , Fan Hongsong
Published: August 2023

In this review, the mechanism by which various physical signals regulate neural cell behavior is summarized. And the progress of functional material-mediated indirect wireless physical stimulation for neuro-modulation and regeneration is reviewed.
Negative regulation of biofilm formation by nitric oxide sensing proteins
Authors: Anantharaman Sweta , Guercio Danielle , Mendoza Alicia G. , Withorn Jason M. , Boon Elizabeth M.
Published: August 2023

Biofilm-based infections pose a serious threat to public health. Biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms, most commonly bacteria and yeast, residing in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The EPS is composed of several secreted biomolecules that shield the microorganisms from harsh environmental stressors and promote antibiotic resistance. Due to the increasing prominence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and a decreased development of bactericidal agents in clinical production, there is an increasing need to discover alternative targets and treatment regimens for biofilm-based infections. One promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in biofilm-forming bacteria is to trigger biofilm dispersal, which is a natural part of the bacterial biofilm life cycle. One signal for biofilm dispersal is the diatomic gas nitric oxide (NO). Low intracellular levels of NO have been well documented to rapidly disperse biofilm macrostructures and are sensed by a widely conserved NO-sensory protein, NosP, in many pathogenic bacteria. When bound to heme and ligated to NO, NosP inhibits the autophosphorylation of NosP's associated histidine kinase, NahK, reducing overall biofilm formation. This reduction in biofilm formation is regulated by the decrease in secondary metabolite bis-(3′–5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). The NosP/NahK signaling pathway is also associated with other major regulatory systems in the maturation of bacterial biofilms, including virulence and quorum sensing. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries investigating NosP, NahK and NO-mediated biofilm dispersal in pathogenic bacteria.
A robust optimal distributed control design for simultaneous voltage regulation and current sharing in DC microgrid
Authors: Amirparast Ali , Hosseini Sani S. Kamal
Published: August 2023

In this article, a robust optimal distributed controller is designed for achieving average voltage regulation and current sharing in a DC microgrid. Each distributed generation unit (DGU) consists of a DC‐DC buck converter that supplies a local constant current load. The proposed controller only utilises output currents of converters and the possible maximum error values in estimation of series resistance in the RLC filter used in each DGU. The proposed controller is formed such that the possible estimation error is considered as an uncertain parameter. In addition to obtaining two main objectives, average voltage regulation, and current sharing, a robust control problem is solved through an optimal control technique to calculate controller parameters such that the stability of the grid is guaranteed. The stability of the closed loop system with parametric uncertainty is proved through Lyapunov analysis. The closed loop system with the suggested controller is tested by simulations and through different scenarios to reveal the reliable and satisfactory performance of the proposed robust optimal control structure.
Cloud reflection modelling for impact flashes on Jupiter
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Tsumura Kohji , Usui Fumihiko , Watanabe Jun-ichi
Published: August 2023

Aims. We investigate the optical characteristics of flashes caused by the impact of metre- to decametre-sized outer Solar System objects on Jupiter, and the contributions of reflected light from surface clouds at visible wavelengths, in order to estimate more accurate bulk parameters, such as the luminous energy of the flash, the kinetic energy, the mass, and the size of the impact object.

Methods. Using the results of recent reflectivity studies of the Jovian surface, we developed a cloud reflection model that calculates the contribution of the reflected light relative to that directly from the flash. We compared the apparent luminous energy of the previously reported flashes with the expected cloud reflection contributions to obtain their revised bulk parameters.

Results. We find that cloud reflection contributions can make up to 200% of the flux directly from the flash, and thus can be the most significant uncertainty in the measurement of the bulk parameters. The reflection contributions strongly depend on wavelength. With our cloud reflection correction, we obtained revised bulk parameters for the previously reported flashes.

Conclusions. Our cloud reflection correction enables us to better understand the properties of objects impacting Jupiter and is crucial for ongoing detailed investigations using high-sensitivity and multi-wavelength observation systems, such as PONCOTS. It will also be useful for understanding other optical transients in Jupiter’s upper atmosphere, such as the recently discovered sprite-like events.
Impact of hot exozodiacal dust on the polarimetric analysis of close-in exoplanets
Authors: Ollmann K. , Wolf S. , Lietzow M. , Stuber T. A.
Published: August 2023

Context. Hot exozodiacal dust (HEZD) found around main-sequence stars through interferometric observations in the photometric bands H to L is located close to the dust sublimation radius, potentially at orbital radii comparable to those of close-in exoplanets. Consequently, HEZD has a potential influence on the analysis of the scattered-light polarization of close-in exoplanets and vice versa.

Aims. We analyze the impact of HEZD on the polarimetric characterization of close-in exoplanets. This study is motivated in particular by the recently proven feasibility of exoplanet polarimetry.

Methods. Applying the 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS in an extended and optimized version for radiative transfer in exoplanetary atmospheres and an analytical tool for modeling the HEZD, we simulated and compared the polarization characteristics of the wavelength-dependent scattered-light polarization of HEZD and close-in exoplanets. As a starting point for our analysis, we defined a reference model consisting of a close-in exoplanet with a scattered-light polarization consistent with the upper limit determined for WASP-18b, and a HEZD consistent with the near-infrared excess detected for HD 22484 (10 Tau).

Results. The varied parameters are the planetary phase angle (0°–180°), the dust grain radius (0.02 µm−10 µm), the HEZD mass (10−10 M⊙−10−8 M⊙), the orbital inclination (0°−90°), the composition of the planetary atmosphere (Mie and Rayleigh scattering atmosphere), the orbital radius of HEZD (0.02 au−0.4 au), and the planetary orbital radius (0.01 au−0.05 au). The dust grain radius has the strongest influence on the polarimetric analysis due to its significant impact on the wavelength-dependent polarization characteristics and the total order of magnitude of the scattered-light polarization. In certain scenarios, the scattered-light polarization of the HEZD even exceeds that of the close-in exoplanet, for example for a dust grain radius of 0.1 µm, a HEZD mass of 8 × 10−10 M⊙, an orbital radius of HEZD of 0.04 au and an orbital inclination of 90°.

Conclusions. The presence of HEZD potentially has a significant impact on the polarimetric investigations of close-in exoplanets. Furthermore, interferometric observations are required to better constrain the parameter space for HEZD and thus the possible resulting scattered-light polarization.
Universality of coronal properties in accreting black holes across mass and accretion rate
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Ratheesh Ajay , Tombesi Francesco , Nemmen Rodrigo , Banerjee Srimanta
Published: August 2023

Aims. Through their radio loudness, lack of thermal UV emission from the accretion disk, and power-law dominated spectra, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) display similarity with the hard state of stellar-mass black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs). In this work we perform a systematic hard X-ray spectral study of a carefully selected sample of unobscured LLAGNs using archival NuSTAR data to understand the central engine properties in the lower accretion regime.

Methods. We analyzed the NuSTAR spectra of a sample of 16 LLAGNs. We modeled the continuum emission with detailed Comptonization models.

Results. We find a strong anti-correlation between the optical depth and the electron temperature of the corona, previously also observed in the brighter Seyferts. This anti-correlation is present irrespective of the shape of the corona, and the slope of this anti-correlation in the log space for LLAGNs (0.68–1.06) closely matches that of the higher accretion rate Seyferts (0.55–1.11) and hard state of BHBs (∼0.87). This anti-correlation may indicate a departure from a fixed disk-corona configuration in radiative balance.

Conclusions. Our result, therefore, demonstrates a possible universality in Comptonization processes of black hole X-ray sources across multiple orders of magnitude in mass and accretion rate.
Tumorassoziierte Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu

Aktuelle Leitlinien Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen jetzt zur Behandlung der krebsassoziierten Thrombose (CAT) den Einsatz von direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (dFXa-I), gleichwertig zum niedermolekularen Heparin (NMH) – zum Teil wird dFXa-I präferiert. Die Leitlinien stimmen auch in ihren Warnungen überein, dFXa-I wegen des Blutungsrisikos bei gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren mit Vorsicht einzusetzen, insbesondere, wenn der Tumor noch nicht reseziert ist. Mögliche Wechselwirkungen mit der Anti-Krebstherapie sind ebenfalls zu beachten. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur parenteralen Therapie mit NMH oder zur oralen Therapie richtet sich nach der Tumorart, dem Stadium, Begleiterkrankungen, der Aggressivität der Antikrebstherapie und der Patientenpräferenz.

Verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe Von einer Dosisreduktion in der verlängerten Sekundärprophylaxe wird abgeraten, da das Rezidivrisiko bei CAT-Patienten sehr hoch ist und aktuell noch keine Evidenz aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien vorliegt. Erste retrospektive Daten legen nahe, dass diese Dosisreduktion auch für individuell ausgewählte CAT-Patienten sicher und effektiv sein kann.

Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien im Tumorstaging Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), die bei Screening-Untersuchungen zufällig entdeckt werden, sollten nach den Leitlinien genauso wie symptomatische VTE behandelt werden. Auch wegen des etwas niedrigeren Rezidivrisikos bei gleichzeitigem Blutungsrisiko erscheint eine niedrigere Intensität der Antikoagulation möglich; dies wurde aber bislang nicht untersucht. Die Patienten sollten in jedem Fall genau nach möglichen Symptomen befragt werden, da symptomatische Patienten mit inzidenteller VTE die gleichen Komplikationsraten aufweisen wie generell Patienten mit symptomatischer VTE.
Alkoholische Hepatitis – Aktuelle und zukünftige Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Demir Münevver
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Aktuelle Therapie. Die Einhaltung einer strikten Alkoholabstinenz, eine Optimierung des Ernährungsstatus, die Vermeidung von Infektionen sowie die Gabe von Kortikosteroiden sind derzeit die Hauptpfeiler der Behandlung von Patienten mit Alkoholischer Hepatitis (AH).

Neue Therapieansätze. Infolge eines verbesserten Verständnisses der zugrundeliegenden Pathomechanismen der AH werden derzeit eine Vielzahl neuer, innovativer Therapiemethoden in klinischen Studien untersucht, welche das Potenzial aufweisen, das Outcome der Betroffenen zu verbessern und die hohe Kurzzeitmortalität dieser Erkrankung zu reduzieren. Neue Ansätze umfassen die Applikation anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen (z.B. Interleukin-1-Inhibitoren), Modifikationen der Darm-Leber-Achse via fäkalem Mikrobiomtransfer oder der Gabe nicht resorbierbarer Antibiotika (z.B. Rifaximin), sowie Medikamente zur Steigerung der hepatischen Regeneration (z.B. Interleukin-22-Agonisten). Zudem stellen Medikamente, die oxidativen Stress reduzieren können (z.B. N-Acetylcystein, Metadoxine), weitere therapeutische Strategien dar. Mittlerweile konnten außerdem mehrere Studien zeigen, dass eine frühzeitige Lebertransplantation als Rescue-Therapie für ausgewählte Patienten mit schwerer AH, die nicht auf eine Steroidbehandlung ansprachen, eine sinnvolle Option darstellen kann und mit einem deutlichen Überlebensvorteil und gutem Outcome einhergeht.
Antikoagulation bei alten Patienten
Authors: Burkhardt Heinrich
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?

Indikationen und epidemiologische Aspekte: Das zerebrovaskuläre Risiko steigt mit zunehmendem Alter und über ⅓ der >65-jährigen Patienten ist von Gebrechlichkeit betroffen. Deshalb ist Antikoagulation zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe empfohlen und auch alte Patienten profitieren vom Einsatz neuer oraler Antikoagulanzien (NOAK). Durch diese Therapie wird, im Vergleich zu den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VAK), die komplizierte individuelle Einstellung auf die Medikation vereinfacht.

Kontraindikationen und Risikosituationen: Gerinnungsstörungen, terminale Niereninsuffizienz oder die Dialysesituation stellen eine Kontraindikation dar. Das Risiko für Blutungsereignisse kann durch eine prophylaktische Komedikation mit einem Protonenpumpeninhibitor (PPI) minimiert werden.

Altersbedingte Veränderungen der Risiko-Nutzen-Bilanz: Sturzereignisse häufen sich im Alter und sollten bei allen alten Patienten mit Antikoagulation mithilfe von Assessment-Instrumenten getestet werden. Die Abnahme der glomerulären Filtrationsrate erfordert ein umsichtiges und nicht zu weitmaschiges Monitoring der Nierenfunkton. Adhärenzprobleme aufgrund von funktionellen Einschränkungen können mit einem frühzeitigen Übergang auf ein partielles oder vollständiges Fremdmanagement aufgefangen werden.

Konsequenzen für den klinischen Alltag: Alte Patienten mit einer Indikation für eine Therapie mit oralen Antikoagulantien sollten nach Möglichkeit mit NOAK behandelt werden. Das geriatrische Assessment bietet wertvolle Hinweise für eine individualisierte und optimierte Indikationsstellung und für das rechtzeitige Hinzuziehen ergänzender Maßnahmen (z.B. bei Adhärenzproblemen). Daher sollte es zum Standard des Therapiemonitorings bei dieser Therapieform gehören.
Addition of a Phosphinoboronate Ester to Borole and Borafluorene
Authors: Martin Caleb D. , Akram Manjur O. , Vogels Christopher M. , Santos Webster L. , Westcott Stephen A.
Published: August 2023

The additions of the phosphinoboronate ester Ph2PBpin to an antiaromatic borole and a borafluorene is reported. The Lewis acid/base adducts are obtained in excellent yields and represent the first P-donor adducts of Ph2PBpin.
Progress on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes
Authors: Xu Yun-He , Wang Zi-Lu
Published: August 2023

The discovery of new asymmetric synthetic methodologies and the asymmetric synthesis of new chiral compounds have been a major focus of synthetic organic chemists for decades. Axially chiral compounds have gained considerable attention in recent years because of their widespread utility in asymmetric catalysis and synthesis. Methods for the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral cycloalkylidenes, a subset of axially chiral molecules, are far fewer compared to those developed for the preparation of chiral allenes and chiral biaryl compounds. In this review, different approaches for the synthesis of axially chiral cycloalkylidenes are summarized.

1 Introduction

2 Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes

2.1 Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes

2.1.1 Asymmetric Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) Reactions

2.1.2 Asymmetric Wittig Reactions

2.1.3 Asymmetric Dehydrohalogenation Reactions

2.1.4 Asymmetric Elimination Reactions of Chiral Sulfoxides/Selenoxides

2.1.5 Kinetic Resolution of Prochiral Compounds

2.1.6 Other Miscellaneous Methods

2.2 Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes

3 Conclusion
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasia in close proximity to esophageal varices: a multicenter international experience
Authors: Mony Shruti , Hu Bing , Joseph Abel , Aihara Hiroyuki , Ferri Lorenzo , Bhatt Amit , Mehta Amit , Ting Peng-Sheng , Chen Alex , Kalra Andrew , Farha Jad , Onimaru Manabu , He Long , Luo Qi , Wang Andrew Y. , Inoue Haruhiro , Ngamruengphong Saowanee
Published: August 2023

Background There are limited data on the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal neoplasia (SEN) located at or adjacent to esophageal varices. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of ESD in these patients.

Methods This multicenter retrospective study included cirrhotic patients with a history of esophageal varices with SEN located at or adjacent to the esophageal varices who underwent ESD.

Results 23 patients with SEN (median lesion size 30 mm; 16 squamous cell neoplasia and seven Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia) were included. The majority were Child–Pugh B (57 %) and had small esophageal varices (87 %). En bloc, R0, and curative resections were achieved in 22 (96 %), 21 (91 %), and 19 (83 %) of patients, respectively. Severe intraprocedural bleeding (n = 1) and delayed bleeding (n = 1) were successfully treated endoscopically. No delayed perforation, hepatic decompensation, or deaths were observed. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 36 (22–55) months, one case of local recurrence occurred after noncurative resection.

Conclusion ESD is feasible and effective for SEN located at or adjacent to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Albeit, the majority of the esophageal varices in our study were small in size, when expertise is available, ESD should be considered as a viable option for such patients.
The epistemic quality of expert bodies: from normative-theoretical concept to empirical measurement
Authors: Holst Cathrine , Christensen Johan
Published: August 2023

The ubiquity of experts in contemporary policy-making has been met with enthusiasm in some quarters, but has also faced severe criticism. Beyond the democratic concerns regarding expert power, critics have raised worries about whether experts actually contribute to increasing the epistemic quality of policies, in line with normative expectations. Yet, so far, limited attention has been paid to the specific conditions under which experts involved in policy-making are likely to live up to such expectations. The article outlines a set of such conditions and empirically examines their fulfillment in the case of a real-world expert body. The article contributes theoretically to normative political theory about the proper role of expertise in policy-making; methodologically by linking normative theorizing and empirical analysis; and empirically through a longitudinal analysis based on large-n data of the extent to which the expert body under scrutiny satisfies a set of quantifiable empirical indicators of the proposed conditions.
Enhancing non-profit engagement: the extended model of webpage engagement and adoption for strategic management
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María Victoria , Tato-Jiménez Juan Luis , Chapleo Chris , Sepulcri Lara
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the study of Non-Profit Organization’s (NPOs’) webpages through the Strategic Online Communication Approach (SOCA) context to underpin public engagement. Although it can be argued that social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter have a significant role in interactive online engagement, it is often webpages that have the critical role in creating engagement in the initial (and arguably most important) stage of opening dialog. In the SOCA context NPOs’ webpages need to be strategically planned and aligned with the NPOs goals and targeted to various stakeholders such as the general public, volunteers and donors. In general terms, this research resulted in a sequential model called EMEA (Extended Model of Webpages Engagement and Adoption) with three levels (information, interaction, and action). The EMEA model shows the efficiency and maturity of the webpages, indicating the level of engagement that should be possible, to therefore improve relationships with the public and obtain better results. Results show that the more ‘ways to help’ an NPO presents on its webpage, the greater the level of potential engagement (as different options to collaborate, convey trustworthy information, and control content are evident). Finally, this research showed that the greater engagement achieved by NPOs, the better the likely results and therefore the effective application of EMEA can explain and even predict success for NPOs. This paper only addresses web pages, and therefore further research is needed to clarify the role of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for high interactivity. Secondly, although EMEA is able to explain and even predict the levels of engagement, it is not evident that it necessarily occurs. Finally, although EMEA is applied correctly, it does not guarantee that NPOs are managing communication in the context of SOCA, since a multi-channel online strategy is required.
Extreme weather impacts do not improve conflict predictions in Africa
Authors: Michelini Sidney , Šedová Barbora , Schewe Jacob , Frieler Katja
Published: August 2023

Quantitative climate and conflict research has thus far considered the role of biophysical extreme weather impacts in conflict dynamics only to a limited extent. We do not fully understand if and if so how, extreme weather impacts can improve conflict predictions. Addressing this gap, we use the Generalized Random Forest (GRF) algorithm to evaluate whether detailed information on extreme weather impacts improves conflict forecasts made with well known conflict predictors such as socio-economic, governance, and history of conflict indicators. We integrate data on biophysical extreme weather impacts such as droughts, floods, crop production shocks, and tropical cyclones from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project 2a (ISIMIP2a) project into predictive models of conflict in mainland Africa between 1994 and 2012. While we find that while extreme weather impacts alone predict violent conflicts modestly well, socio-economic and conflict history indicators remain the strongest individual predictors of conflicts. Finally, fully specified forecast models including conflict history, governance, and socio-economic variables are not improved by adding extreme weather impacts information. Some part of this can be explained by spatial correlations between extreme weather impacts and other socioeconomic and governance conditions. We conclude that extreme weather impacts do not contain any unique information for forecasting annual conflict incidence in Africa, which calls into question its usefulness for early warning.
An advanced cost-efficient IoT method for stroke rehabilitation using smart gloves
Authors: Arivarasi A. , Thiripurasundari D. , Selvakumar A. Arockia , Kumaar Bhuvan , Aghil T. , Rahul S. , Kannan Ramani
Published: August 2023

Stroke represents a severe, widespread, and widely acknowledged health crisis on both national and international levels. It is one of the most prevalent life-threatening conditions. Despite impressive advances in treating stroke, in addition to a need for effective patient care services, many sufferers still rely solely on physical interventions. The present paper describes and explains the use of a newly designed gadget for stroke survivors who cannot move their fingers. This is a sophisticated mobile device that enables stroke patients to regain their muscle memory and thus their ability to perform repetitive actions by continuing to tighten and stretch their muscles without the intervention of a physiotherapist. Gamification methodology is used to encourage patients to become involved in the process of rehabilitation. The device also has sensors that take information and transmit it to an app through an ESP32 connection. This enables physicians to view glove usage information remotely and keep track of an individual patient’s health. Communication between app and glove is facilitated by a broker in the Amazon Web Service IoT. With the robotic glove presented here, the recovery rate is found to be 90.23% over four weeks’ duration, which represents a significant improvement compared with existing hospital-based rehabilitation techniques.
Symbolic regression via neural networks
Authors: Boddupalli N. , Matchen T. , Moehlis J.
Published: August 2023

Identifying governing equations for a dynamical system is a topic of critical interest across an array of disciplines, from mathematics to engineering to biology. Machine learning—specifically deep learning—techniques have shown their capabilities in approximating dynamics from data, but a shortcoming of traditional deep learning is that there is little insight into the underlying mapping beyond its numerical output for a given input. This limits their utility in analysis beyond simple prediction. Simultaneously, a number of strategies exist which identify models based on a fixed dictionary of basis functions, but most either require some intuition or insight about the system, or are susceptible to overfitting or a lack of parsimony. Here, we present a novel approach that combines the flexibility and accuracy of deep learning approaches with the utility of symbolic solutions: a deep neural network that generates a symbolic expression for the governing equations. We first describe the architecture for our model and then show the accuracy of our algorithm across a range of classical dynamical systems.
Video aided extinction measurement: A competitive method for dust density diagnostics
Authors: Petersen Andreas , Kobus Julia , Schmitz Alexander , Wolf Sebastian , Greiner Franko
Published: August 2023

Among the most popular methods to measure dust density in a laboratory setup are 1D extinction, Abel inversion for circularly symmetric geometries, and computer tomography (CT) for arbitrary geometries. We present a new method based on a 1D extinction measurement in correlation with a video taken at an acute angle. It works well with limited optical access and has a good time resolution (at least several hertz). It measures the dust density within a slice of a nanodust cloud with precision comparable to other methods. Depending on the setup, this video aided extinction measurement can replace CT.
The attractor structure of functional connectivity in coupled logistic maps
Authors: Voutsa Venetia , Papadopoulos Michail , Papadopoulou Lesta Vicky , Hütt Marc-Thorsten
Published: August 2023

Stylized models of dynamical processes on graphs allow us to explore the relationships between network architecture and dynamics, a topic of relevance in a range of disciplines. One strategy is to translate dynamical observations into pairwise relationships of nodes, often called functional connectivity (FC), and quantitatively compare them with network architecture or structural connectivity (SC). Here, we start from the observation that for coupled logistic maps, SC/FC relationships vary strongly with coupling strength. Using symbolic encoding, the mapping of the dynamics onto a cellular automaton, and the subsequent analysis of the resulting attractors, we show that this behavior is invariant under these transformations and can be understood from the attractors of the cellular automaton alone. Interestingly, noise enhances SC/FC correlations by creating a more uniform sampling of attractors. On a methodological level, we introduce cellular automata as a data analysis tool, rather than a simulation model of dynamics on graphs.