bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New risk model by right ventricle ‐ pulmonary arterial coupling and inferior vena cava from echocardiography in patients with conventional low‐intermediate risk pulmonary artery hypertension under targeted treatment
Authors: Yang Lifang , Luo Dongling , Huang Taoran , Li Xiaoshan , Zhang Caojin , Fei Hongwen
Published: May 2024

Background

Accurately stratifying patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is very important, and traditional risk scores still have internal heterogeneity. This study aimed to construct a risk stratification model that can accurately identify clinical worsening (CW) events in conventional low‐intermediate risk patients with pulmonary hypertension under targeted drug treatment by using echocardiographic parameters.

Methods

This study is a single‐center, prospective study, including 105 PAH patients who underwent regular follow‐up at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to April 2023. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CW, including death, hospitalization due to pulmonary hypertension, escalation of targeted drug therapy, and worsening of PAH. The predictive value of the echocardiography‐based three‐strata risk model was assessed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and COX regression analysis.

Results

A total of 98 PAH patients were ultimately included in this study. The median follow‐up duration was 26 months (range 7–28 months). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model included the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) and inferior vena cava (IVC). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model had higher diagnostic value (C‐index = .76) compared to the 2022 ESC/ERS three‐strata model and four‐strata model (C‐index = .66 and C‐index = .61, respectively). PAH patients with lower TAPSE/PASP and wider IVC showed a higher CW rate compared to patients with higher TAPSE/PASP and normal IVC (HR = 15.1, 95%CI:4.4‐51.9, p < .001).

Conclusion

The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model based on TAPSE/PASP and IVC can effectively improve the stratification of low‐intermediate risk PAH patients under targeted treatment.
Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models
Authors: Schumacher Sean M. , Doyle William J. , Hill Kristina , Ochoa‐Repáraz Javier
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by a host immune reaction that targets and destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS and correlating animal disease models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption and alterations of the commensal microbiome. It is accepted that diet plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiota composition and overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition and neuroinflammation via the gut‐brain axis. Unfortunately, poor host health and diet lead to microbiota modifications that could lead to significant responses in the host, including inflammation and neurobehavioral changes. Beneficial microbial metabolites are essential for host homeostasis and inflammation control. This review will highlight the importance of the gut microbiota in the context of host inflammatory responses in MS and MS animal models. Additionally, microbial community restoration and how it affects MS and GI barrier integrity will be discussed.
Improved recovery of mannitol from Saccharina japonica under optimal hot water extraction and application to lactic acid production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Lee Jeongho , Bae Jihyun , Shin Hyeonmi , Kim Minji , Yang Eunjeong , Lee Kang Hyun , Yoo Hah Young , Park Chulhwan
Published: May 2024

Brown algae are gaining traction as biorefinery feedstocks due to their advantages such as rapid growth and carbon dioxide sequestration. Saccharina japonica has high potential due to its high carbohydrate content, especially mannitol (26.7%). In this study, a biorefinery process for S. japonica was designed, with focusing on sugar conversion and bioconversion into lactic acid, a valuable platform chemical utilized in various industries. The existing sugar conversion process of S. japonica has been investigated by focusing on enzymatic or acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis, but not hot water extraction although mannitol can be easily recovered using water. The effect of temperature (60–120°C) on the mannitol yield from S. japonica was investigated, and a mannitol yield of 208 g/kg biomass was achieved at the optimal temperature of 100°C (about 78% of the theoretical maximum yield). This study emphasizes that this simple process has considerable potential for application as over 80% of the fermentable carbohydrates in S. japonica were mannitol. Then, S. japonica extract was applied to lactic acid production. First, lactic acid production of four bacterial strains was tested in a mannitol medium, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus was selected as the superior producer, showing 1.93 to 2.92 times better lactic acid titer than others. Next, the optimal feeding concentration of mannitol was determined to be 20 g/L, which was all consumed by L. rhamnosus. Finally, S. japonica extract was applied to lactic acid production by L. rhamnosus, and the results showed similar fermentation profiles with the control medium: lactic acid production, 18.81 g/L (control: 18.97 g/L); lactic acid conversion, 95.1% (control: 95.9%); cell growth (OD600 nm), 8.9 (control: 7.4). The lactic acid yield in the designed biorefinery process was estimated to be 195.6 g/kg biomass, thus S. japonica has high potential as a biorefinery feedstock to produce valuable bioproducts, including lactic acid.
A Case Study for Determination of the Best Underground Dam Sites, Bursa Province, Turkey
Authors: Aras Egemen , Boz Burak , Vaheddoost Babak , Yılmaz Damla
Published: May 2024

Water constitutes an indispensable resource vital for sustaining life. In this context, groundwater stands out as a paramount global water source. Throughout history, underground dams (UGDs) have been employed to augment the storage capacity of local aquifers. This study employs a multistep elimination approach to identify optimal locations for constructing UGDs in the Bursa district, Turkey. Initially, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is utilized to pinpoint the potential construction sites at the watershed scale. Criteria such as suitable topographic slope range, proximity to the transport infrastructures, presence of natural or artificial reservoirs, distance to active or inactive faults, proximity to the urban and rural settlements, location of the irrigation zones, geological conditions, distance to the consumption hubs, thickness of alluvium layer, and the groundwater depth are used to establish the buffer zones for exclusion of potential sites. Then, storage volume in the proposed sites is determined, and formal requests from the local communities are taken into consideration for determining the best UGD sites. The study concludes that five UGDs for irrigation and one for drinking water purposes could be recommended for further implementation.
Nurses' attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of sleep health in residential aged care: An integrative literature review
Authors: Gordon Christopher J. , Fernandez Tracee , Chen Emily , Basheti Mariam , Rahimi Matthew , Saini Bandana
Published: May 2024

Aim

To identify, synthesize and evaluate primary research on registered nurses' (RN) knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about sleep health and sleep health management of older adults living in residential aged care.

Design

Integrative review.

Data Sources

Medline, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to September 2023.

Review Methods

Databases were searched using a combination of key words, subject heading terms. All abstracts and full‐text articles were screened by two researchers. Qualitative synthesis of the included articles was conducted. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes and analyse data.

Results

A total of 923 abstracts were screened resulting in a final yield of 13 articles. Three themes were identified: (i) RN experience with sleep‐disturbed residents, (ii) the emotional burden of sleep disturbances on RN and, (iii) organizational barriers to promoting resident's healthy sleep. Inappropriate administration of benzodiazepines and psychotropic drugs to manage residents' sleep disturbances was a major issue and lack of resources in residential aged care to facilitate sleep. There were concerns on nursing activity that disturbed residents' sleep and striking a balance between facilitating sleep and meeting managerial expectations was challenging.

Conclusion

This review identified that nurses' decision‐making has an integral role in the management of sleep health in residents in aged care. Whilst evidence‐based guidelines for managing sleep in residential aged care are available, there is a lack of translation to practice. Understanding RN perspectives is critical to improving sleep health models of care in residential aged care.

Impact

This review found that RN are attuned to the implications of sleep disturbance in residential aged care but are constrained by current sleep health models of care.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction mitigates depression by enhancing lncRNA Six3os1 expression and promoting histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter
Authors: Zou Tianyu , Sugimoto Kazuo , Zhao Yu , Li Baitao , Zhou Xiaomao , Peng Cheng
Published: May 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction (ZZCD), is gaining recognition as a potential treatment for depression. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind ZZCD's antidepressant effects, focusing on lncRNA Six3os1 and histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter. Network pharmacology and in vivo experiments were conducted to identify ZZCD targets and evaluate its impact on depression‐related behaviours and neuron injury. The role of Six3os1 in recruiting KMT2A to the BDNF promoter and its effects on oxidative stress and neuron injury were investigated. ZZCD reduced depression‐like behaviours and neuron injury in mice subjected to chronic stress. It upregulated Six3os1, which facilitated KMT2A recruitment to the BDNF promoter, leading to increased histone H3K4 methylation and enhanced BDNF expression. ZZCD also inhibited CORT‐induced neuron injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vitro. ZZCD's antidepressant properties involve Six3os1 upregulation, which exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuron injury, thereby alleviating depressive symptoms. Targeting Six3os1 upregulation may offer a potential therapeutic intervention for depression.
Inter‐parental conflict and empathy in early adolescence as predictors of dating violence perpetration in adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Espinoza Carlos N. , Goering Marlon , Mrug Sylvie
Published: May 2024

Witnessing inter‐parental conflict is associated with dating violence perpetration in late adolescence and adulthood. This relationship may be moderated by adolescents' empathy, with more empathic youth viewing their parents' conflict behavior as less acceptable, and thus refraining from dating violence perpetration. This study sought to determine if empathy buffers the effects of inter‐parental conflict in early adolescence on expected dating violence perpetration in early adolescence and actual dating violence perpetration in late adolescence and adulthood. Moreover, this study tested if expected dating violence perpetration in early adolescence and dating violence perpetration in late adolescence mediate the effects of inter‐parental conflict and empathy on dating violence perpetration in adulthood. Sex differences in these relationships were also examined. The sample included 412 adolescents (52% male, 73% Black, 25% White, 2% Other) who participated at three time points between 2006 and 2022 (T1–T3, Mean age = 13, 18, 28 years). Results indicated that higher inter‐parental conflict and lower empathy were associated with higher expected dating violence perpetration at T1 in both males and females. Inter‐parental conflict at T1 predicted higher dating violence perpetration at T3 through expected dating violence perpetration at T1 and dating violence perpetration at T2. Empathy at T1 predicted lower dating violence perpetration at T3 directly and also indirectly through lower expected dating violence at T1 and lower dating violence perpetration at T2 in both sexes. There were no interaction effects of inter‐parental conflict and empathy on expected or actual dating violence perpetration at any age.
Comparing the sensory properties of commercially available animal and plant‐based burgers
Authors: Forster Rebecca A. , Hassall Emma , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Baier Stefan K. , Stokes Jason R. , Smyth Heather E.
Published: May 2024

The number of plant‐based meat products on supermarket shelves around the world has grown in recent years however reproducing the sensory experience of eating meat remains a challenge. This study aims to evaluate the sensory gaps between animal and plant‐based meat products, specifically burger‐type products, from the Australian market. The sample set of 19 commercially available burgers comprises 8 animal‐based burgers prepared using beef, chicken, kangaroo, pork, or turkey and 11 high protein plant‐based burgers. Vegetable patties are beyond the scope of this study. A trained sensory panel (n = 14) determined the major differences in aroma, texture, flavor, and aftertaste between meat and meat analogues during oral processing, particularly those that may impact consumer acceptability. The animal‐based burgers scored high for meaty (aroma), meaty (flavor), and umami but not legume, vegetative, bitterness, and lingering spice attributes. They also received higher average scores for juiciness, fattiness, and final moistness than the plant‐based burgers but scored lower in cohesiveness. The plant‐based burgers scored high for legume and bitterness but not meaty (aroma), meaty (flavor), and umami attributes. Improving current products and designing new products with desirable sensory properties will enhance consumer acceptability and reinforce recent growth in the plant‐based meats market.
Optimizing large language models in digestive disease: strategies and challenges to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Kresevic Simone , Pugliese Nicola , You Kisung , Shung Dennis L.
Published: May 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transformer‐based neural networks with billions of parameters trained on very large text corpora from diverse sources. LLMs have the potential to improve healthcare due to their capability to parse complex concepts and generate context‐based responses. The interest in LLMs has not spared digestive disease academics, who have mainly investigated foundational LLM accuracy, which ranges from 25% to 90% and is influenced by the lack of standardized rules to report methodologies and results for LLM‐oriented research. In addition, a critical issue is the absence of a universally accepted definition of accuracy, varying from binary to scalar interpretations, often tied to grader expertise without reference to clinical guidelines. We address strategies and challenges to increase accuracy. In particular, LLMs can be infused with domain knowledge using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) or Supervised Fine‐Tuning (SFT) with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). RAG faces challenges with in‐context window limits and accurate information retrieval from the provided context. SFT, a deeper adaptation method, is computationally demanding and requires specialized knowledge. LLMs may increase patient quality of care across the field of digestive diseases, where physicians are often engaged in screening, treatment and surveillance for a broad range of pathologies for which in‐context learning or SFT with RLHF could improve clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes. However, despite their potential, the safe deployment of LLMs in healthcare still needs to overcome hurdles in accuracy, suggesting a need for strategies that integrate human feedback with advanced model training.
The key pathways for drought tolerance in Cerasus humilis were unveiled through transcriptome analysis
Authors: Lang Shaoyu , Dong Buming , Liu Xin , Gu Yongmei , Kim Kukhon , Xie Qingjun , Wang Zhibo , Song Xingshun
Published: May 2024

Drought stress exerts a significant impact on the growth, development, and yield of fruit trees. Cerasus humilis is an endemic drought‐resistant fruit tree in northern China. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of drought resistance in C. humilis, comprehensive physiological measurements and transcriptome analysis were conducted on the leaves of C. humilis subjected to 15‐ or 22‐days of drought stress. We identified multiple GO terms and KEGG pathways associated with the drought stress response by performing GO and KEGG analysis on DEGs. Furthermore, through the prediction of transcription factors (TFs) and analysis of their expression levels, we observed differential expression patterns among most members of stress‐responsive TF families as the duration of drought stress increased. WGCNA analysis was performed on the transcriptome to identify gene cluster modules that exhibited a strong correlation with the durations of drought. Subsequently, these modules underwent GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The study revealed that the TF‐mediated lignin biosynthesis pathway, along with the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, played a prominent role in responding to drought stress of C. humilis. Gene profiling analysis, qRT‐PCR, and determination of phytohormone and lignin contents further supported this hypothesis. The hierarchical gene regulatory network was finally constructed based on DEGs from the aforementioned key enriched pathways to predict the gene regulatory mechanisms in response to stress for C. humilis. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into how C. humilis copes with drought stress while analyzing crucial gene pathways associated with its resistance from a TF perspective. This research is significant for the genetic breeding of economic forests.
Overexpression of the plastidial pseudo‐protease AtFtsHi3 enhances drought tolerance while sustaining plant growth
Authors: Mishra Laxmi S. , Cook Sam D. , Kushwah Sunita , Isaksson Hanna , Straub Isabella R. , Abele Miriam , Mishra Sanatkumar , Ludwig Christina , Libby Eric , Funk Christiane
Published: May 2024

With climate change, droughts are expected to be more frequent and severe, severely impacting plant biomass and quality. Here, we show that overexpressing the Arabidopsis gene AtFtsHi3 (FtsHi3OE) enhances drought‐tolerant phenotypes without compromising plant growth. AtFtsHi3 encodes a chloroplast envelope pseudo‐protease; knock‐down mutants (ftshi3‐1) are found to be drought tolerant but exhibit stunted growth. Altered AtFtsHi3 expression therefore leads to drought tolerance, while only diminished expression of this gene leads to growth retardation. To understand the underlying mechanisms of the enhanced drought tolerance, we compared the proteomes of ftshi3‐1 and pFtsHi3‐FtsHi3OE (pFtsHi3‐OE) to wild‐type plants under well‐watered and drought conditions. Drought‐related processes like osmotic stress, water transport, and abscisic acid response were enriched in pFtsHi3‐OE and ftshi3‐1 mutants following their enhanced drought response compared to wild‐type. The knock‐down mutant ftshi3‐1 showed an increased abundance of HSP90, HSP93, and TIC110 proteins, hinting at a potential downstream role of AtFtsHi3 in chloroplast pre‐protein import. Mathematical modeling was performed to understand how variation in the transcript abundance of AtFtsHi3 can, on the one hand, lead to drought tolerance in both overexpression and knock‐down lines, yet, on the other hand, affect plant growth so differently. The results led us to hypothesize that AtFtsHi3 may form complexes with at least two other protease subunits, either as homo‐ or heteromeric structures. Enriched amounts of AtFtsH7/9, AtFtsH11, AtFtsH12, and AtFtsHi4 in ftshi3‐1 suggest a possible compensation mechanism for these proteases in the hexamer.
How people find better lifegoals: The goal breakthrough model and its neuroscientific underpinnings
Authors: Sheldon Kennon M. , Lee Woogul , Reeve Johnmarshall
Published: May 2024

How do people identify new and better lifegoals for themselves? The goal breakthrough model (GBM) purports to answer this question. The GBM draws from creative process theories of preparation, incubation, illumination, and elaboration to explain how people “cross the Rubicon” to new purposes, in response to felt dissatisfaction. Neuroscience research supporting the GBM is reviewed, highlighting brain‐sequences linking Default Mode Network activity, Cognitive Control Network activity, and Salience Network activity. This understanding of the neural basis of creative goal‐functioning informs an elaborated version of the GBM, one that is less linear and more dynamic than its predecessor model. Overall, the GBM proposes a novel explanation for how people can actively prompt their nonconscious minds to provide new and better behavioral alternatives to consider.
Oclacitinib therapy in two cats with refractory proliferative and necrotising otitis externa
Authors: Chan Tim , Koch Sandra Nogueira , Devine Samuel , Mendoza‐Kuznetsova Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

Feline proliferative and necrotising otitis externa (PNOE) is a rare immune‐mediated condition, usually self‐limiting or responsive to immunosuppressants such as topical tacrolimus. This case report describes two cats with refractory PNOE that responded successfully to oclacitinib. One cat also had middle ear involvement and the other cat had extra‐auricular dermatitis.
Paucity phenomena for polynomial products
Authors: Wang Victor Y. , Xu Max Wenqiang
Published: May 2024

Let be a polynomial with at least two distinct complex roots. We prove that the number of solutions to the equation
(for any ) is asymptotically as . This solves a question first proposed and studied by Najnudel. The result can also be interpreted as saying that all even moments of random partial sums match standard complex Gaussian moments as , where is the Steinhaus random multiplicative function.
Morita equivalence classes of 2‐blocks with abelian defect groups of rank 4
Authors: Eaton Charles W. , Livesey Michael
Published: May 2024

We classify all 2‐blocks with abelian defect groups of rank 4 up to Morita equivalence. The classification holds for blocks over a suitable discrete valuation ring as well as for those over an algebraically closed field. An application is that Broué's abelian defect group conjecture holds for all blocks under consideration here.
Ribonuclease inhibitor and angiogenin system regulates cell type–specific global translation
Authors: Stillinovic Martina , Sarangdhar Mayuresh Anant , Andina Nicola , Tardivel Aubry , Greub Frédéric , Bombaci Giuseppe , Ansermet Camille , Zatti Marco , Saha Dipanjali , Xiong Jieyu , Sagae Takeru , Yokogawa Mariko , Osawa Masanori , Heller Manfred , Keogh Adrian , Keller Irene , Angelillo-Scherrer Anne , Allam Ramanjaneyulu
Published: May 2024

Translation of mRNAs is a fundamental process that occurs in all cell types of multicellular organisms. Conventionally, it has been considered a default step in gene expression, lacking specific regulation. However, recent studies have documented that certain mRNAs exhibit cell type–specific translation. Despite this, it remains unclear whether global translation is controlled in a cell type–specific manner. By using human cell lines and mouse models, we found that deletion of the ribosome-associated protein ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1) decreases global translation selectively in hematopoietic-origin cells but not in the non–hematopoietic-origin cells. RNH1-mediated cell type–specific translation is mechanistically linked to angiogenin-induced ribosomal biogenesis. Collectively, this study unravels the existence of cell type–specific global translation regulators and highlights the complex translation regulation in vertebrates.
Anaerobes in diabetic foot infections: pathophysiology, epidemiology, virulence, and management
Authors: Villa Fanny , Marchandin Hélène , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Schuldiner Sophie , Cellier Nicolas , Sotto Albert , Loubet Paul
Published: May 2024

SUMMARY

Diabetic foot infections (DFI) are a public health problem worldwide. DFI are polymicrobial, biofilm-associated infections involving complex bacterial communities organized in functional equivalent pathogroups, all including anaerobes. Indeed, multiple pathophysiological factors favor the growth of anaerobes in this context. However, the prevalence, role, and contribution of anaerobes in wound evolution remain poorly characterized due to their challenging detection. Studies based on culture reviewed herein showed a weighted average of 17% of patients with anaerobes. Comparatively, the weighted average of patients with anaerobes identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was 83.8%. Culture largely underestimated not only the presence but also the diversity of anaerobes compared with cultivation-independent approaches but both methods showed that anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were the most commonly identified in DFI. Anaerobes were more present in deeper lesions, and their detection was associated with fever, malodorous lesions, and ulcer depth and duration. More specifically, initial abundance of
Peptoniphilus
spp. was associated with ulcer-impaired healing,
Fusobacterium
spp. detection was significantly correlated with the duration of DFI, and the presence of
Bacteroides
spp. was significantly associated with amputation. Antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes in DFI remains slightly studied and warrants more consideration in the context of increasing resistance of the most frequently identified anaerobes in DFI. The high rate of patients with DFI-involving anaerobes, the increased knowledge on the species identified, their virulence factors, and their potential role in wound evolution support recommendations combining debridement and antibiotic therapy effective on anaerobes in moderate and severe DFI.
Development of a genome-scale metabolic model for the lager hybrid yeast
S. pastorianus
to understand the evolution of metabolic pathways in industrial settings
Authors: Timouma Soukaina , Balarezo-Cisneros Laura Natalia , Schwartz Jean-Marc , Delneri Daniela
Published: May 2024

In silico
tools such as genome-scale metabolic models have shown to be powerful for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
Saccharomyces pastorianus
is a complex aneuploid hybrid between the mesophilic
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and the cold-tolerant
Saccharomyces eubayanus
. This species is of biotechnological importance because it is the primary yeast used in lager beer fermentation and is also a key model for studying the evolution of hybrid genomes, including expression pattern of ortholog genes, composition of protein complexes, and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we created the iSP_1513 GSMM for
S. pastorianus
CBS1513 to allow top-down computational approaches to predict the evolution of metabolic pathways and to aid strain optimization in production processes. The iSP_1513 comprises 4,062 reactions, 1,808 alleles, and 2,747 metabolites, and takes into account the functional redundancy in the gene-protein-reaction rule caused by the presence of orthologous genes. Moreover, a universal algorithm to constrain GSMM reactions using transcriptome data was developed as a python library and enabled the integration of temperature as parameter. Essentiality data sets, growth data on various carbohydrates and volatile metabolites secretion were used to validate the model and showed the potential of media engineering to improve specific flavor compounds. The iSP_1513 also highlighted the different contributions of the parental sub-genomes to the oxidative and non-oxidative parts of the pentose phosphate pathway. Overall, the iSP_1513 GSMM represent an important step toward understanding the metabolic capabilities, evolutionary trajectories, and adaptation potential of
S. pastorianus
in different industrial settings.

IMPORTANCE

Genome-scale metabolic models (GSMM) have been successfully applied to predict cellular behavior and design cell factories in several model organisms, but no models to date are currently available for hybrid species due to their more complex genetics and general lack of molecular data. In this study, we generated a bespoke GSMM, iSP_1513, for this industrial aneuploid hybrid
Saccharomyces pastorianus
, which takes into account the aneuploidy and functional redundancy from orthologous parental alleles. This model will (i) help understand the metabolic capabilities and adaptive potential of
S. pastorianus
(domestication processes), (ii) aid top-down predictions for strain development (industrial biotechnology), and (iii) allow predictions of evolutionary trajectories of metabolic pathways in aneuploid hybrids (evolutionary genetics).
Elbow tectonics: Smashing, translating, and rotating outboard terranes of the Syringa embayment of the Laurentian accretionary margin
Authors: Di Fiori* Russell V. , Steven Cody J. , Nelson Ellen M. , Tikoff Basil , Schmidt Keegan L.
Published: May 2024

The Mesozoic tectonic margin in west-central Idaho, USA, continues to be a world-class geologic venue, instigating debates and inspiring hypotheses that shape our understanding of tectonics processes and related strain regimes worldwide. This field guide1 is a snapshot of up-to-date interpretations along with new data that fuels ongoing discussion of the processes that have shaped this corner of the tectonic margin—a field-based road-log tour of the enigmatic structural “elbow,” defined by an ~90° bend (a transition from N-S to E-W orientation) in the Mesozoic arc-continent boundary at the latitude ~46°N. This trip is composed of three transects that showcase the rocks and structural markers documented within this complicated region. These transects are organized as follows: (1) along the N-S segment of the terrane boundary near Riggins, Idaho; (2) a W-E orientation along the South Fork of the Clearwater River to Elk City, Idaho, roughly perpendicular to tectonic grain; and (3) along and across the complex “elbow” bend, where the boundary’s orientation shifts abruptly from N-S to E-W. Bedrock exposures and outcrops along these transects yield many opportunities to see field-based evidence for the complex, protracted tectonic and structural evolution of the arc-continent boundary, while also considering the critical preexisting tectonic framework that exerted influence on the overprinting accretionary event, as well as the late-stage, extensional system that has since reactivated and dismembered the region.
Promoting parental management of teen driving
Authors: Simons-Morton B G , Hartos J L , Leaf W A
Published: May 2024

Objective:Parenting may be an important protective factor against teen driving risk; however, parents do not limit teen driving as much as might be expected. The Checkpoint Program was designed to promote parental management of teen driving through the use of staged persuasive communications.

Methods:Parent-teen dyads (n = 452) were recruited when teens received learner’s permits and interviewed over the telephone at baseline, licensure, and three months post-licensure. After baseline, families were randomized to either the intervention group that received persuasive communications or to the comparison group that received general information about driving safety.

Results:Both parents and teens in the intervention group reported significantly greater limits on teen driving at licensure and three months post-licensure. In multivariate analyses, intervention and baseline driving expectations had significant effects on driving limits at licensure. Intervention and driving limits established at licensure were associated with three month driving limits.

Conclusion:The findings indicate that exposure to the Checkpoints Program increased parental limits on teen driving.
Graduated driver licensing: what works?
Authors: McKnight A J , Peck R C
Published: May 2024

Background:Graduated driver licensing (GDL) adds an intermediate stage to driver licensing between the learner permit and full licensure stages that is intended to ameliorate the high risk of novice drivers.

Objectives:To assess the contribution of various elements of GDL to reduction in the crash rates of young novice drivers.

Methods:An extensive review of the literature was undertaken to synthesise research findings on crash reduction.

Results:Increasing the length of the learner period and the amount practice required has reduced crash risk, partly through improved performance and partly by delaying licensure. Intervening early with traffic violators and making full licensure dependent on a clean driving record provide both general and specific deterrents to unsafe driving. Restrictions on night driving and carrying passengers are effective in reducing the increased risk of these situations. The benefits of multistage instruction and testing as well as the use of visible tags to identify novices have not as yet been adequately evaluated.

Conclusions:While graduated driver licensing has proven a generally effective means of reducing the crash risk of novice drivers, controlled research is needed to assess the benefits of its individual components.
Alcohol consumption, smoking and development of visible age-related signs: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Schou Anne L , Mølbak Marie-Louise , Schnor Peter , Grønbæk Morten , Tolstrup Janne S
Published: May 2024

Background

Visible age-related signs indicate biological age, as individuals that appear old for their age are more likely to be at poor health, compared with people that appear their actual age. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alcohol and smoking are associated with four visible age-related signs (arcus corneae, xanthelasmata, earlobe crease and male pattern baldness).

Methods

We used information from 11 613 individuals in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (1976–2003). Alcohol intake, smoking habits and other lifestyle factors were assessed prospectively and visible age-related signs were inspected during subsequent examinations.

Results

The risk of developing arcus corneae, earlobe crease and xanthelasmata increased stepwise with increased smoking as measured by pack-years. For alcohol consumption, a high intake was associated with the risk of developing arcus corneae and earlobe crease, but not xanthelasmata.

Conclusions

High alcohol consumption and smoking predict development of visible age-related signs. This is the first prospective study to show that heavy alcohol use and smoking are associated with generally looking older than one’s actual age.
$$p\bar{\varLambda }$$ final-state interaction in the reactions $$e^+e^- \rightarrow K^- p \bar{\varLambda }$$ and $$J/\psi \rightarrow K^- p \bar{\varLambda }$$
Authors: Haidenbauer Johann , Meißner Ulf-G.
Published: May 2024

Near-threshold $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

mass spectra for the reactions $$e^+e^- \rightarrow K^- p\bar{\Lambda }$$

e
+

e
-

→

K
-

p

Λ

¯

and $$J/\psi \rightarrow K^- p\bar{\Lambda }$$

J
/
ψ
→

K
-

p

Λ

¯

are investigated with an emphasis on the role played by the interaction in the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

system. As guideline for the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

interaction a variety of $$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

Λ

Λ

¯

potential models is considered that have been established in the analysis of data on $$p{\bar{p}}\rightarrow \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

p

p

¯

→
Λ

Λ

¯

in the past. Arguments why the properties of the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

and $$\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$$

Λ

Λ

¯

interactions can be expected to be very similar are provided. It is shown that the near-threshold enhancement in the invariant mass observed for the $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

reaction can be reproduced quantitatively by the assumed $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

final-state interaction in the partial wave suggested by an amplitude analysis of the experiment. The effect of the $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$

p

Λ

¯

final-state interaction in other decays is explored, including the recently measured reactions $$B^- \rightarrow J/\psi \, {\bar{p}} \Lambda $$

B
-

→
J
/
ψ

p

¯

Λ

and $$B^+ \rightarrow J/\psi \, p \bar{\Lambda }$$

B
+

→
J
/
ψ

p

Λ

¯

. It is found that the final-state interaction improves the description of the measured invariant mass near threshold in most cases.
How Gubser flow ends in a holographic conformal theory
Authors: Banerjee Avik , Mitra Toshali , Mukhopadhyay Ayan , Soloviev Alexander
Published: May 2024

Gubser flow is an axis-symmetric and boost-invariant evolution in a relativistic quantum field theory which is best studied by mapping $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

to $$dS_{3}\times \textbf{R}$$

d

S
3

×
R

when the field theory has conformal symmetry. We show that at late de-Sitter time, which corresponds to large proper time and central region of the future wedge within $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

, the holographic conformal field theory plasma can reach a state in which $$\varepsilon = P_T = - P_L$$

ε
=

P
T

=
-

P
L

, with $$\varepsilon $$
ε
, $$P_T$$

P
T

and $$P_L$$

P
L

being the energy density, transverse and longitudinal pressures, respectively. We further determine the full sub-leading behaviour of the energy–momentum tensor at late time. Restricting to flows in which the energy density decays at large transverse distance from the central axis in $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

, we show that this decay should be faster than any power law. Furthermore, in this case the energy density also vanishes in $$\textbf{R}^{3,1}$$

R

3
,
1

faster than any power as we go back to early proper time. Hydrodynamic behavior can appear in intermediate time.
Insights on Granda–Oliveros holographic dark energy: possibility of negative dark energy at $$z\gtrsim 2$$
Authors: Manoharan Manosh T.
Published: May 2024

In holographic dark energy (HDE) models, infrared cut-offs with derivatives of the Hubble parameter, such as the Granda–Oliveros cut-off, offer a coherent explanation for late-time acceleration while ensuring causal consistency. We show that such HDE will inevitably mimic the dominant energy forms unless we forcefully calibrate the free parameters. This feature reveals the dependency between the model’s ability to explain the late-time acceleration and the integration constant, highlighting that one cannot arbitrarily set this constant to zero. We see that the origins of HDE and the Friedmann equations from the first law of horizon thermodynamics offer a natural explanation for this behaviour. Thus, the holographic principle naturally extends to all energy components, diverging from the prevalent notion in HDE models. The model also allows dark energy to transit from an early negative energy to a present positive value, with a singular dark energy equation of state parameter, which can relax the tension in the BAO Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
observations. Furthermore, we present observational constraints utilizing Pantheon$$^+,$$

+

,

OHD, CMB Shift parameter, QSO and BAO data, indicating the presence of early negative energy as an unavoidable consequence. Upon using the SH0ES prior, we see that the model accounts for the Hubble parameter at the cost of affecting the matter density while simultaneously relaxing the tensions in BAO Lyman-$$\alpha $$
α
observations and the age estimations. This study also underscores notable features stemming from the comprehensive utilization of the covariance matrix within cosmic chronometers, BAO and CMB distance prior and clarifies the implications of negative dark energy density derived from the high redshift Pantheon$$^+$$

+

sample. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of the theoretical framework surrounding linear perturbation within the wGOHDE model.
The first limit on invisible decays of $$B_s$$ mesons comes from LEP
Authors: Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Escudero Abenza Miguel
Published: May 2024

Motivated by the recent evidence for $$B^+\rightarrow K^+\bar{\nu } \nu $$

B
+

→

K
+

ν

¯

ν

decays at Belle II, we point out that fully invisible $$B_d$$

B
d

and $$B_s$$

B
s

meson decays are strongly constrained by LEP. A reinterpretation of an old inclusive ALEPH search for b-hadron decays with large missing energy allows us to place the limits $$\textrm{Br}(B_d \rightarrow \textrm{invisible}) < 1.4\times 10^{-4}$$

Br

(

B
d

→
invisible
)

<
1.4
×

10

-
4

and $$\textrm{Br}(B_s \rightarrow \textrm{invisible}) < 5.6\times 10^{-4}$$

Br

(

B
s

→
invisible
)

<
5.6
×

10

-
4

, both at $$90\%$$

90
%

CL. The $$B_d$$

B
d

limit is only a factor of 6 looser than the world-leading one provided by the BaBar collaboration, while the $$B_s$$

B
s

one is the first limit in the literature on this decay mode. These results are relevant in the context of new light states coupled to quarks and exemplify the power of a future Tera-Z factory at FCC-ee to look for B meson decays containing missing energy.
Abnormal Behavior Recognition Based on 3D Dense Connections
Authors: Chen Wei , Yu Zhanhe , Yang Chaochao , Lu Yuanyao
Published: May 2024

Abnormal behavior recognition is an important technology used to detect and identify activities or events that deviate from normal behavior patterns. It has wide applications in various fields such as network security, financial fraud detection, and video surveillance. In recent years, Deep Convolution Networks (ConvNets) have been widely applied in abnormal behavior recognition algorithms and have achieved significant results. However, existing abnormal behavior detection algorithms mainly focus on improving the accuracy of the algorithms and have not explored the real-time nature of abnormal behavior recognition. This is crucial to quickly identify abnormal behavior in public places and improve urban public safety. Therefore, this paper proposes an abnormal behavior recognition algorithm based on three-dimensional (3D) dense connections. The proposed algorithm uses a multi-instance learning strategy to classify various types of abnormal behaviors, and employs dense connection modules and soft-threshold attention mechanisms to reduce the model’s parameter count and enhance network computational efficiency. Finally, redundant information in the sequence is reduced by attention allocation to mitigate its negative impact on recognition results. Experimental verification shows that our method achieves a recognition accuracy of 95.61% on the UCF-crime dataset. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our model has strong performance in terms of recognition accuracy and speed.
Improving Instant Delivery Efficiency: Integrating Learning Effects into Strategic Rider Assignment Models
Authors: Fan Tijun , Yang Ming , Chen Jingyi , Gu Qiuchen
Published: May 2024

High volatility in customer demand orders during peak and off-peak periods is a great challenge for instant delivery. In this paper, considering the rider familiarity with different areas and the learning effect, we establish two models for different rider assignment strategies: Maximum efficiency model during the peak period and Training familiarity model during the off-peak period. Meanwhile, a hybrid algorithm parallel genetic algorithm and a large-scale neighborhood search (PGA-LNS) is designed to solve the models. The results of two comparative experiments and 50-cycle peak and off-peak alternating experiments show that adopting the Maximum efficiency model in the peak period and the Training familiarity model in the off-peak period is beneficial for instant delivery to achieve overall flexibility, stability, and delivery efficiency.
Investigation of electrolysis corrosion on marine propellers
Authors: Wang Annie , de Silva Karnika , Jones Mark , Gao Wei
Published: May 2024

Marine propellers operate under severe service conditions and experience various corrosion forms. Electrochemical, mechanical, and biological corrosion are the three main common types of corrosion that occur on marine propellers. Electrolysis (electrolytic corrosion), being one of the electrochemical corrosion forms, has been extensively observed on marine propellers. It is the forced introduction of an external current in metals when submerged in seawater. However, it has rarely been studied for marine propellers, mostly on underground pipelines. This paper investigates the effect of electrolysis on a chromium-containing coating on copper substrate by studying the surface and cross-sectional microstructure of the substrate. It is likely that cathodic disbondment caused by high alkalinity and hydrogen evolution at the defect location were the primary reasons contributing to the failure of the coating, and the silver-colored layer deposition around the delaminated area is the corrosion product of copper–chromium oxide. The purpose of this study is to understand the electrolysis corrosion mechanism on Cu substrate and to develop a highly effective anticorrosion coating for marine propellers.
Study of secondary charged particles produced in 12C-emulsion interactions at 4.5A GeV/c
Authors: Mohery M. , Allah N. N. Abd , Haroun M. , Mindil A. , El-Sharkawy S.
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with the interactions of [Formula: see text]C-nucleus with the nuclear emulsion at 4.5[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]GeV/c, focused on distributions of multiplicity and the variation of the average multiplicities for secondary charged particles (black, gray, shower, and heavy particles) for the events released from these interactions. These averages have been calculated based on a model of modified cascade evaporation. A comparison has been made between the average multiplicities of the charged secondary particles produced from [Formula: see text]C and others from projectiles that interact with the nuclear emulsion at different energies, this comparison of [Formula: see text]C with other projectiles shows the fluctuations of the values of the average shower with gray for [Formula: see text]O and [Formula: see text]Si interactions occurring somewhat faster. The average number of shower, gray particles increases with the increasing mass number of the projectile Ap, except for black particles, which are nearly constant. The correlations of the average multiplicities for the different charged secondary particles are discussed. There is strong linear dependence in the correlations of average particles of shower, compound, and heavy on gray particles. The results of experimental and theoretical data were also verified with recent analysis data and new observations and were found to be consistent. Moreover, the results indicate that the residual target nucleus may have reached a temperature and constant excitation energy at a certain value for shower particles. The excess amount of energy at higher values of shower particles may be pumped into the system, and this energy may be expended during a transition of phase in the target nucleus system. The theoretical calculation results show good agreement with experimental data.