bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorghum genotype screening for increased productivity on marginal land through the ratoon cropping system
Authors: Faesal  , Syuryawati  , Suarni
Published: June 2020

Sorghum as a drought tolerant crop, its planting is directed to marginal dry land type agro-climate which is relatively hotter for the supply of alternative food for rice substitution. The food sorghum genotype was selected from a multilocation test of 15 accessions plus Numbu variety, local Lombok and local Flores, so that there were 18 accessions arranged according to the randomized block design with three replications as the main crop. Spacing of 75 cm x 20 cm (66,666 plants per ha), fertilized with 135 kg N, 45 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O per ha on the main crop. After the main crop has been harvested, relatively homogeneous shoots are kept as ratoon plants until harvest and are fertilized 1 time as much as 50% of the main crop fertilizing dose after the shoots begin to grow. The results showed that five sorghum genotypes in the ratoon cultivation system produced higher seeds than superior varieties of Numbu and were significantly higher than those of Flores and local Lombok. Sorghum genotypes that provide high profits from two seed harvests (main crop yields > 6 t / ha and sorghum rations > 5 t / ha) compared to three comparative varieties, especially Numbu, are genotypes No. 58-1 (Rp. 14,922,700); 86-1 (Rp. 13,954,200); 11-5 (Rp. 13,936,000); 113-1 (Rp. 13,905,000); and No. 103-1 (Rp. 13,006,800) while Numbu benefits Rp. 12,178,500 / ha. This is supported by higher genotype farming efficiency values, ranging from R/C of 2.36 - 2.53 and B/C of 1.36 - 1.53 and lower cost per kg ratio of Rp 790 - 846 / kg of temporary seeds Numbu value of R/C 2.26; B/C 1.26 and the cost/kg ratio of seeds is Rp 884.
Performance and utilization of local sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Fitrahtunnisa  , Mardian I , Rahmatullaila
Published: June 2020

Sorghum was seen as one of the crops best suited to future climate change due to its ability to adapt to conditions. such as drought, salinity and high temperatures. This study was aim to know the performance and utilization of local sorghum in West Nusa Tenggara especially in Bima District. A collection of sorghum samples was performed on a population of sorghum farmers in both small and larger planting areas. Observations were made on the characteristics of plant and panicle. In addition, interviews were conducted on farmers using questionnaires to obtain data on harvested area, planting location, harvest time, and sorghum utilization. Qualitative data obtained were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and figures, while quantitative data were analyzed using Annova test continued by BNJ/Tukey at 0.05 level of significant. There are six (6) local sorghum varieties whose appearance are very different from one another namely gando bura, gando keta, gando keta 2, latu kala, latu keta, and latu keta 2. Varieties had effect on plant height, diameter of stem, leaf size and panicle length. Apart from being distinguished by the color of the husk, they are also distinguished from the shape and presence of fur at the tip seed. Specifically gando bura variety has the ability producing until 12 tillers. Sorghum has been consumed by Bima community as a main food mixed with rice, as well as processed food such as dodol sorghum and sorghum porridge.
Citrus foot rot disease (Phytophthora spp.) control in Indonesia using good agricultural practices efforts green agroindustry
Authors: Dwiastuti Mutia Erti
Published: June 2020

Foot Rot (Phytophthoraspp.) is an important disease in Indonesia and in the world. Around 35% of citrus plantations have been damaged by the complex of foot rot disease and Diplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae), mainly in swamps and irrigated fields. The spread of the disease is fast, but the knowledge of citrus farmers is still limited, causing rapid death in production plants. This paper purpose is to provide an overview of the citrus root disease control from research studies supporting the efforts of Good Agricultural Practices in Indonesia. Usually farmers only rely on systemic pesticides to control disease, but it is not always successful. Control by means of healthy cultivation is highly recommended in supporting green agroindustry and saving nature. Integrated and rational control strategies, require knowledge of the ecology and epidemic of diseases ranging from seedlings to gardens. Propagule pathogens can survive in seeds, tree stumps, soil, even in alternative hosts. Therefore, to control the disease it must be directed not only to oranges but also to alternative hosts as well and to destroy pathogenic retention sites. The recommended integrated control strategy is to use disease-resistant plants, making sewers, garden sanitation, and optimal maintenance. This method is very effective and environmentally friendly.
Field resistant test of new superior varieties of rice in lowland irrigation agroecosystem against rice blast disease
Authors: Asaad Muh. , Samrin  , Warda
Published: June 2020

Rice blast disease is one of the main problems for increasing rice production in Indonesia. It can be controlled by planting new superior varieties of rice. Therefore the rotation of varieties is very important. The research aims to obtain disease control methods through the use of new superior varieties (VUB) of lowland rice. The study was carried out in Sambasule, Meluhu Sub-district, Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi during the rainy season of 2016. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and four replications. Each plot was 50 m × 50 m, so the total land area of the experiment was 10,000 m2. Plants were maintained through the Integrated Crop Management (IPM) of lowland rice approach. Disease incidence of the rice blast was observed based on the Standard Evaluation System of rice from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The results showed that Inpari 32, Inpari Blas, Inpari 22 and Ciherang were moderately resistant to leaf blast and insignificantly different to Inpari 26, Inpari 27 and IPB4S. In addition, Inpari 32 is moderately resistant to neck blasts and insignificantly different to Inpari 22, Inpari Blas and Ciherang.
The intensity of attacks and the use of insecticides by farmers in controlling soybeans pests for various agroecosystems in South Sulawesi
Authors: Fattah Abdul , Ilyas Asryanti , Wahid Rauf Abdul
Published: June 2020

The types of pests that attack many soybean plants in South Sulawesi are armyworms, aphids, pod suckers and pod borer. This study aims to determine the level of pest attack and the use of insecticides at the farm level of soybeans. Inventory research on the intensity of major soybean attacks was carried out in 2016/2017 in many agroecosystems/vegetation spread across 3 districts, Wajo, Jeneponto, and Bulukumba Districts. The three districts are centers of soybean cultivation with diverse agroecosystems/vegetation. The results achieved showed that the intensity of the main soybean attack was highest in the monoculture vegetation (Wajo District), respectivelySpodoptera lituraarmyworm (45.65%), pod borer(Etienlla zinkenella)(31.26%), aphids (20.15% ), and pod suckers (26.13%). Whereas in the polyculture area of coconut + soybean plants (Bulukumba Regency), the rate of pest attacks were respectively: armyworm &S.litura(22.13%), pod borer,E. zinkenella(18.12%), aphis (10. 12%), and pod suckers (16.19%). In the polyculture area of palm + chilli + soybean (Jeneponto Regency), the rate of pest attacks were:S. lituraarmyworm pest (19.11%), pod borer (15.17%), aphids (14.28% ), and pod suckers (11.13%). The highest use of insecticides in monoculture agroecosystems (8.1 l ha−1per season) and the lowest in soybean + chilli + palm tree agroecosystems (1.5 l−1per season). Polyculture farming on soybeans will reduce the use of insecticides at the farm level, so as to create an environmentally friendly agricultural model compared to monoculture agroecosystem.
Diversity of pests and natural enemies in rice field agroecosystem with ecological engineering and without ecological engineering
Authors: Ibrahim E , Mugiasih A
Published: June 2020

Biodiversity is one measure of ecosystem balance, so that biodiversity is important to know the condition of the ecosystem in the fields. A high diversity index shows the high stability of the ecosystem because the food webs formed are more complex. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the diversity of insects in the paddy ecosystem with ecological engineering and without ecological engineering. This research was conducted at the Experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Sidrap, South Sulawesi, Indonesia from June to August 2017 using the observation method by periodically observing each week starting at plants 2 weeks after planting. The design used a split-plot design consisting of 2 main plots, namely 1) Ecological Engineering Agroecosystem, using flowering plants (refugia) and pest control with andrometa which is a mixture of entomopathogenic fungus Metharizium anisopliae and bitter extract; 2) Conventional agroecosystems, without flowering plants and pest control using pesticides. The results show that the number of pests and natural enemies found in ecological engineering agroecosystem plots is higher than conventional plots. While the index value of pest diversity and natural enemies in both observation plots is classified as moderate. Therefore, the ecological engineering agroecosystem by planting refugia plants is needed to increase the number and types of arthropods of natural enemies.
Effect of Dioscorea hispida dennst. against Rattus sp
Authors: Sari Dian Ekawati , Fitrawati  , Bahtiar
Published: June 2020

Rattus sp is one of the main pests of food crops that attack plants from plantation to storage and can decrease production up to 50%, it is necessary to control the pest by means of the use of D. hispida are more environmentally friendly. The study aims to investigate the effect D. hispida agains Rattus sp. The dose use for D. hispida were 300 gr, 450 gr, 700 gr, 950 gr and control. The experiment indicated that treatment significantly different from control. The treatment with D. hispida has an effect on male and female Rattus sp. that are characterized by damage to the internal organs of Rattus sp. In the treatment of 450 doses can kill Rattus sp. with an average day of death of 5.65 days where male 3 days and female 9 days, while doses of 300 gr, 700 gr and 950 gr can also kill the Rattus sp. The present study clarified that the D. hispida can killed Rattus sp. and could be used for control of Rattus sp. in the field.
Levels of soybean pest attacks on study of soya plant technology package in acid dry land soils in South Lampung
Authors: Meithasari Dian , Endriani  , Rumbaina Dewi
Published: June 2020

One obstacle in soybean cultivation is the presence of pests and diseases. The concept of IPM is a concept of pest control that arises and develops due to human awareness of the dangers of pesticide use that continues to increase both for the environment and public health. This study aimed to determine the intensity of attack by major plant diseases and the number of natural enemies in soybean plants on acid dry land and the population of natural enemies in Lampung This research was conducted in Margototo Village, Metro Kibang District, East Lampung Regency. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) and 10 replications, the treatment plot size was 500 m2 by 30 plots. in each treatment 10 random sample plants were determined with 3 technology packages, which are technology for farmers (A), specific location technology (B), recommendations technology (C). Data analysis used Minitab. The results showed that at plant age 35 Days After Planting (DAP) for armyworm attacks ranged between 17.6 - 18.4%, however there was no significant difference between treatments. The attack of leaf folding ranged between 0.8-7.6% and the highest in treatment A was significantly different from treatment B and C. In general, the highest intensity of pest and disease attacks (gray, leaf folding and leaf rust) was in treatment A and significantly different from treatment B and C. While the existence of the highest natural spider enemies in treatment B and C, compared to treatment A. However, the existence of natural enemies, Menochilus sp., was not significantly different between treatments.
Determination dry matter digestibility of tropical forage using nutrient compisition
Authors: Indah A S , Permana I G , Despal
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nutrient composition parameters in tropical forage (grass, legume, and a combination of both) and determining prediction equation for dry matter digestibility using nutrient composition variables as the predictor. The nutrient composition consists of 62 forages (31 grasses and 31 legumes), included of ash, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and DMD, all expressed as a percentage of dry matter.. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure DMD estimated models. Models were validated with the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute deviation (MAD), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), were taken into consideration. Our result confirm that the nutrient composition can be efficiently used to determine the DMD of tropical forages, grasses, and legumes Prediction equation DMD in tropical forage, grass and legume were DMD = 104.267 - 0.918 ADF - 0.374 Hemicellulose, DMD = 110.409 - 1.363 ADF, DMD = 102.864 - 1.336 NDF + 0.602 Hemicellulose + 0.938 Cellulose, respectively.
Test packages technology of soybean cultivation in acid dry land on yield and farming income
Authors: Atman  , Hendra Jekvy , Muis Amran
Published: June 2020

This study aims to obtain a package of soybean cultivation technology that provides the highest seed yield and profits on the acid dry land of West Sumatra. Implemented in Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from June to December 2018. Arranged in the form of OFAR (Onfarm Research), involving cooperative farmers who are members of farmer groups. Using Randomized Block Design (RBD), with six treatments and three replications. The treatments are: (1) Farmer Technology Package with Burangrang variety; (2) Recommended Technology Package with Burangrang variety; (3) Specific location Technology Package with Demas-1 variety; (4) Specific Location Technology Package with Burangrang variety; (5) Specific Location Technology Package with Anjasmoro variety; and (6) Specific Location Technology Package with Argomulyo variety. The treatment using a specific location technology package with the Demas-1 variety provided the highest seed yield (2.20 t/ha) followed by the recommended technology package with Burangrang variety (2.04 t/ha). Revenues from each treatment amounted to Rp.9,610,000/ha and Rp.9,120,000/ha. Both of these technology packages are financially feasible, with a ratio of R/C > 1 and MBCR > 2.
The decision in adopting the legowo super planting system on maize in Tonasa Village, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Amran Farizah Dhaifina , Husain Tsalis Kurniawan
Published: June 2020

Demand for maize is increasing as the population and food industry increase in Indonesia. The Agency for Agricultural Research and Development of Indonesia has recommended legowo super planting system on maize to improve productivity. This research aims to identify factors that affect farmers’ decision to adopt legowo super planting system and to know the relationship between the factors affecting decision making with the decision to adopt the legowo super planting system. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to determine factors that affect adoption. Rank Spearman Correlation test (rs) is used to examine the relationship between the factors that influence decisions with farmers’ decisions in adopting the legowo super technology. The sample in this study were 40 maize farmers in Tonasa Village, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results found that factors influencing the farmers’ decision to adopt legowo super planting system on maize in Tonasa Village are the farm size and the relative advantage of the innovation, while the relative advantages, compatibility, trialability, observability, and communication networks have a relationship with farmers’ decisions in the adoption of legowo super planting system on maize in Tonasa Village.
Minimum fertilizer for maize cultivation in suboptimal agroecosystem
Authors: Sinaga Parlin H. , Jahari Marsid , Usman  , Istina Ida Nur , Sutrisna Nana
Published: June 2020

Farmers on suboptimal land are generally economically disadvantaged and need to be supported by low-cost technology. The study aimed to find out a minimum fertilizer package for maize cultivation in tidal agroecosystem. The research was carried out on the tidal agroecosystem overflow type C, on alluvial land, peat, and alluvial + peat mixture in Siak District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Time of study from March to December 2018. The materials used were maize varieties Nasa 29, Bima Uri 19, Bisma and Sukmaraga, Urea, TSP, KCl, farmyard manure, dolomite, locality liquid organic fertilizer (LLOF), grilled ash, biological fertilizers, decomposers, pesticides, herbicides. There are 4 fertilization packages, i.e.: A (high dosage), B (high dosage + LLOF + Grilled ash), C (50% dosage + LLOF + grilled ash), D (low dosage). Experiments were designed using a randomized complete block design and repeated three times. To find out whether farming is profitable or not economically, it is analyzed by using Benefit-Cost Ratio. The results showed that Nasa 29 and Sukmaraga varieties produced the best average growth and yield for all soil types and fertilizer doses of 4.0 t ha−1 and 3.9 t ha−1 dry seeds, respectively. Reducing the dose of chemical fertilizer can be done to improve the ability of farmers to buy fertilizer depending on the type of soil and the availability of LLOF and grilled ash. Mixture of peat and alluvial is good soil for maize growth if combined with fertilizer package B. The reduction of 50% chemical fertilizer dosage (package C) on alluvial+peat soils causes Nasa 29 yields to fall by 2.4 t ha−1 (28%) from 8.6 t ha−1 in full packages B, but still provides a profit of Rp 12,418,000 ha−1 season−1
Utilization of sweet sorghum biomass for profitable feed and bioethanol
Authors: Syuryawati  , Suwarti  , BungaPabendon Marcia
Published: June 2020

Sweet sorghum has many benefits, including its biomass, as an alternative to fodder which contains sugars and stems containing sugar which can be fermented into bio ethanol. The Research and Development Agency has produced several varieties of sweet sorghum, including Super-1, Super-2 and Numbu varieties. In this regard, a study was conducted on sweet sorghum varieties that produce biomass with a designation as animal feed and bio ethanol sources that have beneficial economic value. The study was conducted at KP. Maros in August-December 2016, used the Split-Plot design with three replications. The main plot is six spacing (60 cm× 10 cm, 60 cm × 15 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 10 cm, 70 cm × 15 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm) and subplots in the form of three varieties of sweet sorghum (Super 1, Super 2, Numbu). The results showed that based on the varieties, the three sweet sorghum varieties obtained stover results of 47.8-54.1 t/ha which provided revenue of Rp 16,740,500-18,938,500 with a profit of Rp 6,938,000-9,391,000/ha and the value R/C ratio 1.71 - 2.01; cost/kg stover ratio around Rp 174-205. The results of ethanol for health obtained as many as 830.64-1171.64 l/ha with a sales profit of Rp 11,443,284-27,073,399/ha (at a price of Rp 50,000/l) and an R/C ratio 1.38-1.86 with ratio of cost per liter of ethanol around Rp 26,893-36,224. Numbu variety obtained the highest profit and was more efficient both stover yield and ethanol yield. Production of stover biomass based on sixs pacing ranges from 39-76 t/ha and the acquisition of revenue of Rp 13,650,000-26,600,000/ha. Planting distance of 60 cm × 10 cm has the highest profit (Rp 16,712,000) compared to other planting distances, and is more efficient with an R/C value of 2.69 and a lower cost/kg stover ratio of Rp 130. Based on this sweet sorghum biomass can provide profitable income and provide nutritious animal feed needs so it is feasible to be developed.
Effect of soaking duration in hydropriming on seed vigor of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. moench)
Authors: Komalasari Oom , Arief Ramlah
Published: June 2020

Priming or invigoration is treatments on seeds to enhance and improve the appearance of seeds that germinate. Research on priming was conducted in Indonesian Cereal Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratory from May 2017 until October 2018 to evaluate the effect of soaking duration in hydropriming on sorghum seed vigor. Seed quality parameters includes germination percentages, germination rate, shoot and primary root length, shoot and root dry weight, electric conductivity of seed leakage. Sorghum seed variety of Numbu and Super1 were used as varieties tested. Results showed that priming treatments significantly effect on increasing germination percentage, germination rate, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight. The priming treatment with soaking duration 2 hours has positive significant effect on seed vigor, in terms of germination rate, shoot and root length and shoot and root dry weight, and electrolyte leakage.
Barrier to entry and feasibility of community based corn seed agribusiness: study case in Sigi Regency Central Sulawesi
Authors: Rahayu Heni SP , Irmadamayanti A. , Febrianti T. , Syafruddin  , Ishak A.B.L
Published: June 2020

The availability of corn seed at the farm level with reachable price plays an important role in the productivity of corn farming. However the sustainability of this agribusiness mostly depends on how its marketing exists. This paper investigates barriers to entry and feasibility in based community seed corn agribusiness to get sustainable business. The study used a survey to 20 member of based community corn seed breeder and the evaluation of other breeder groups under the supervision of the Field School Seed Independent Program hat have been carried out in the period of 2015 to 2018. The study also has survey in market structure of seed corn in Central Sulawesi especially Sigi District. The data were descriptively analysed. The result shows that corn seed agribusiness was feasible with Benefit Cost Ratio 1, 06 in partnership system. While an assessment identifies some activities with negligible entry barriers, a notable cost of entry is associated with most activities including promotion cost. Other concern barriers are economies of scale, distribution network, high competitive market with incumbent producer based on quality product, differentiation product, and promotion systems. Based on direct superior seed distribution or BLBU procurement policy, market opportunities especially for Research and Development hybrid corn varieties are still promising considering there is 26% gap between corn seed production and demand in Sigi Regency and wider in Central Sulawesi.
Study of adoption rate of corn integrated crop management in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sugiman Sri Bananiek , Asaad Muh.
Published: June 2020

Dissemination of corn Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology has been introduced to farmers, but its application is not widespread. The study aims to determine the level of adoption and socioeconomic factors that influence the opportunities for the application of corn ICM technology in Southeast Sulawesi. The study used a survey method with 90 respondents. Data analysis uses scoring techniques to determine the level of adoption of corn ICM, and logistic regression analysis to determine socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ opportunities to adopt the technology. The results showed that the level of adoption of the technology component of corn ICM in Southeast Sulawesi was included in the moderate category with a value of 56.05%. The relatively high corn ICM technology components were adopted by farmers, namely harvest technology (84.4%), superior varieties (83.33%), and quality and labelled seed technology (66.67%). While the technology that is less adopted by farmers is embedding (26.67%) and use organic fertilizer (18.89) There are socio-economic factors that influence farmers ‘opportunities in implementing corn ICM technology, namely: age, farming experience, land area and farmers’ perceptions of the characteristics of the technology. This indicates that the socio-economic factors of farmers (age, experience of farming, land area) and farmers ‘perceptions of technology are very important in making farmers’ decisions to adopt corn ICM technology in Southeast Sulawesi.
Response and assessment of farmers on maize seed technology of Nasa 29 new high yielding varieties in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Dewi Mardiana , Risna  , Irmadamayanti A. , Wahyuni A.N. , Syafruddin  , Ishak A.B.L
Published: June 2020

The use of New High Yielding Varieties of maize plays an important role in efforts to increase maize production. New High Yielding Varieties that introduced at the field school of the seed village self-sufficient is NASA-29. This New High Yielding Varieties of hybrid maize has many advantages, including produce double cobs with a frequency up to 70%, full seed filling on the cobs, the corncob is relatively small and hard so it is resistant to breaking when it is shelled, high yield, and the stalks is stronger. This study aims to determine the response and assessment of farmers in Sigi Regency to the seed technology of Nasa-29 New High Yielding Varieties. The study was carried out from January to December 2018 at the Langgeng Farmer Group, Kaleke Village. Respondents are farmers who carry out the field school of the seed village self-sufficient. Response data were analyzed using scoring method, to measure the importance of the NASA-29 New High Yielding Varieties’ assessment level. The method that used is The IPA method (Important and Performance Analysis). Farmers’ responses to the technology components delivered at the field school were in the doubtful to very interested category (scoring 3,00-5,00), the highest response is harvest on time (5,00), and the lowest response is the spacing of 70 cm x 20 cm with 1 seed per hole. The results of the IPA analysis that have been obtained, it is known that not all farmers’ expectations of NASA-29 attributes are in accordance with the level of importance to the production of seeds for breeders.
Implementation and farmer perception of corn seed production technology in Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sugiman Sri Bananiek , Abidin Zainal , Asaad Muh.
Published: June 2020

The availability of good quality seeds is an important factor for increasing national corn production. To ensure the availability of quality corn seeds from superior varieties produced by the IAARD, a dissemination model was carried out through the Corn Seed Independent Field School program. This paper aims to determine the implementation of independent corn seed field schools and farmers’ perceptions of seed production technology in Southeast Sulawesi. The results of research were (1) Corn Field Independent School as a concept for the dissemination of corn seed production technology has provided a change to the increase of knowledge and skills to farmers regarding the technology of corn seed production (hybrid) (2) The activities of independent corn seed field schools have grown the institution of formal corn breeders in Konawe Selatan District and have succeeded in producing quality seeds that have passed certification (3) Perception analysis was obtained, from the business aspect of corn seed production, 88% of farmers gave a positive perception, as well as farmers’ perceptions of technological characteristics, there were 95% of farmers providing a positive perception. This shows that the technology of corn seed production has the opportunity to be cultivated and further developed.
The effects of continuously high temperatures on apical development and yield of four varieties of wheat
Authors: Zubaidi Akhmad , Anugrahwati Dwi Ratna , McDonald Glenn K , Gill Gurjeet
Published: June 2020

The aim of the experiment was to examine how wheat responded to an extended period of high temperatures under controlled conditions to supplement field studies with these varieties on Lombok Island. Two Indonesian wheat varieties (Nias and Dewata) and two Australian varieties (Axe and Gladius) were examined in growth room experiments at 3 different temperature regimes 32/23°C, 28/20°C and 25/15°C day/night with 12 h daylight. Temperature and photoperiod were selected to simulate conditions on Lombok Island, at lowland (32/23°C) and highland (28/20°C) sites. A third temperature (25/15°C) was selected to represent the temperature in a more temperate wheat producing area. The rate of plant development increases with the rise of the temperatures up to an optimum temperature and slower after further increases. Despite being exposed to high temperatures from the establishment, the effect of high temperature was more severe during the reproductive stage as seen by the fact that yield was more affected than dry matter accumulation and yield was most strongly related to grain number. Genetic variability in response to heat stress was evident with the Indonesian varieties being more tolerant to high temperatures than Australian varieties. Nias and Dewataproduced higher yield and biomass.
Determining rice planting time based on financial feasibility analysis are supported with a choice of cultivation technology
Authors: Suciantini  , Boer Rizaldi , Las Irsal , Buono Agus
Published: June 2020

Available technology options such as choice of varieties, fertilization, irrigation, organic fertilizers, which is supported by the information of rainfall pattern can be used as a reference for farmers in finding the best planting time, to minimize the negative impact of climate variability. The ideal technology choice allows a farming takes place effectively and efficiently. Therefore, the selection of technology was done by taking the best output that obtained with minimal costs. Financial feasibility analysis was performed by using simulation model to calculate cost and benefit at different planting dates, in order to select the best planting time. By doing a cost and benefit analysis in terms of BC ratio, one can decided whether technology can be implemented or not. This research conducted in 2010 until 2011 in Pacitan District. The results showed that the planting date for second planting season will yield a decline, when planting time backward. Planting until March 1 still provides a promising opportunity (B/C >1) means that investment is still profitable. The information obtained is one of support for the dynamic cropping calendar information.
Challenges and opportunities for the development of national hybrid seed production in the agribusiness perspective in Indonesia
Authors: Bahtiar  , Azrai Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The development of national hybrid corn seed production is faced by two factors that interplay namely; challenges and opportunities. In an agribusiness perspective, overcoming challenges means creating opportunities. The more challenges that are over come the more opportunities available. Many factors are challenges and obstacles, and many factors are opportunities that can motivate the development of national hybrid corn seeds. The research were conducted in four provinces; in South Sulawesi for 3 years, in Central Sulawesi for 4 years, in Southeast Sulawesi for 3 years, and NTB for 4 years. Five variables i.e. the cohesiveness of farmer groups applying SOP for seed production, institutional support, marketing support, government policy support, and farming profits were considered in the study. The results showed that the most serious challenge faced in developing hybrid corn seed production was marketing. In Central Sulawesi, which has better marketing institutions, breeding corn seeds is more developed than other regions. Profits range from 15 million to 17 million rupiah per hectare. Conversely in NTB and Southeast Sulawesi, marketing is not smooth so breeding does not develop. In NTB, from 2015 to 2017 marketing is carried out within groups and out side groups at a price of Rp.25,000/kg. Likewise in Southeast Sulawesi, the regional government did not provide marketing guarantees so farmers sought their own and had difficulty finding markets because of the emergence of assisted seeds in the region. Captive breeding area in NTB in 2015 was 1.0 ha increased to 3 ha in the second year, increased to 5 ha in the third yea turned to 1 ha in the fourth year. Then the factor as the strong motivator was the establishment of a national corn seed use policy which provides a quota portion of 40% of the need for assisted seeds. This policy motivates all parties concerned to coordinate, both internally coordinating each agency, and externally sothat the quota set by the government can be properly fulfilled.
Identification of problem and needs in technical innovation to increase the productivity of rice, corn, and cattle in the Upsus region (national strategic program) in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Norfahmi Femmi , Mardiana  , Rameda N.M. , Panikkai S. , Ishak A.B.L.
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted in Central Sulawesi. This study aims to identify the problem and needs in technical innovation services to increase the productivity of rice, corn, and cattle in the upsus region. UPSUS is Special Effort Program from Ministry of Agriculture to increase the production of strategic comodity. Base on data in 2015 the harvested area of rice in Central Sulawesi was 203,918 ha with a total production of 1,001,949,19 tonnes. Compared to 2014, rice production in 2015 was decreased (1,006,437 tonnes). For corn, the harvested land of corn was 32,502 ha with a production of 131,123 tonnes, and the productivity of 4.34 tonnes per hectares. In 2014, the harvested area of corn was higher which was around 41,647 hectares with production 170,201.3 tonnes and productivity of 4.87 ton per hectare. The lower harvested land and production in 2015 compared to 2014, there was a decreased productivity in rice and corn. Donggala regency had the biggest population of cattle farming system in 2017 with the number of cattle around 42,217 cows, and most cattle were located in Dampelas sub-district (8816 cows). The decreasing production of rice and corn are caused by the reduced harvested land area and nonoptimal use of technological innovation. Technological innovation is also a necessity in increasing the production of cattle and the income of farmers. Adoption of innovation of technology has showed the best result to increase the production of rice 86% and corn 44%. The result of this study indicates that technological innovation is one of the solutions for the problems facing by the farm households, specifically for technical problems, such as the integrated crop management of rice and corn and cattle preservation technique. Additionally, farm households need technological information to increase the production and their farms’ productivity which lead to the increasing income and welfare of farm households.
Perception analysis and factor affecting the consumption of local food from corn in Kendari City
Authors: Musadar  , Abidin Zainal
Published: June 2020

Corn-based local food must continue to be encouraged to be a buffer for national food security, so that dependence on rice can continue to be reduced. The assessment was conducted to determine the perceptions and factors that influence the consumption of local food from corn. The research was conducted in Kendari City using a survey method of 150 respondents who were selected through random sampling based on ethnic diversity in Kendari, namely Tolakinese (local ethnicity), Munanese, Butonese, Bugisnese / Makassarnese, Javanese / Sumatranese and others and Chinese. The results of the study showed that public perception was classified as moderate (64%). Factors affecting the consumption of local food from corn are age, number of household members, ethnicity and cosmopolit level. In the future, the consumption of local food from corn still needs to be improved through promotion and advocacy as well as reforming various aspects, especially aspects of nutrition and health.
Analysis economic efficiency use of production factors corn farming on marginal land in South Sulawesi
Authors: Yuniarsih E T , Taufiq M
Published: June 2020

The UPSUS program to increase corn production in marginal land is strived to implement the recommended technology package so that it can add value to increasing corn productivity. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors of production that affect corn farming on marginal land. This research was conducted on less than optimal land in the village of North Tolo, Kelara District, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi. Using survey and interview methods using a structured questionnaire, the selection of respondents was done by accidental sampling, the number of respondents determined using the Slovin formula as many as 92 respondents. The analysis used is the Cobb Douglas analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that the variable land area significantly influences corn production at a 95% to 99% confidence level or a significance value of 0.05. While the factors of seed production, labor, manure, and pesticides do not have a significant effect seen from the significance value greater than the level of significance tested (0.05). Economically the use of corn production inputs in marginal land is considered less efficient and the effect of production inputs on output is not elastic, this shows a lower increase in output when compared to an increase in input. use input is already in an unfavorable condition (decreasing return to scale) and marginal input productivity starts to decline.
Agribusiness institutional development model of corn in Muna regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sinaini La , Iwe La
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to formulate a model of institutional development of corn agribusiness in Muna Regency. This research was conducted in Muna Regency in January 2017 until May 2018. The data analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the corn farmer group had not yet played a role in conducting collective learning, collaboration and production activities, so that the farmers walked individually in corn agribusiness activities. The combined institutions of farmer groups, cooperative institutions, and community economic institutions have not played a maximum role as maize financing institutions, processing and marketing of maize, so it has not guaranteed maize farmers to increase their income continuously. Extension agencies have not been instrumental in strengthening the corn agribusiness institutions and adoption of agribusiness technology of corn to corn farmers. Integrated corn agribusiness institutional model between corn farmer group, combination of maize farmer group, community economic institution, cooperative, and village-owned enterprise supported by extension institution, research and development institution/university, banking institution, production facility institution, processing and marketing efforts, can increase the income of corn farmers in a sustainable manner in Muna Regency.
Fishing Equipment Technical Efficiency for Fisheries Production in Banda Naira
Authors: Erliani Ennis Wian , Marto Mulyadi , Tanjaya Erwin
Published: June 2020

Banda Sea has potential fish resource types developed, namely small pelagic fish and large pelagic fish. The potential for catch fisheries has increased to small pelagic fish, the relative large-sized cobs, tuna and skipjack have a tendency to decrease the proportion in catch composition. The fishermen generally do not use the appropriate combination of production input, fishing operations with fishing gear are less efficient. The low production capacity is lack of skills and education of boat crews, there are many application methods or standards of fishing outside. In addition, the number of small-scale cruisers operating causes coastal fisheries to be under high pressure. This study aims to determine the technical efficiency of fishing gear, level of use of inputs (operating time, cruiser size, driving force, length of tation, crew members, crew and captain experience or variables to produce output (catches) in Banda Naira. The method used descriptive survey method, information is collected through asking questions or interviewing respondents, then analyzing the data onto multiple linear regression using SPSS Based on the results conducted during the study it can be seen that the average factors production cannot be utilized by fishermen.
The sustainable development strategy of marine tourism in Banda District of Central Maluku Regency based on economic valuation.
Authors: Wawo Mintje , Lengkong Jelvhian P. , Tupan Charlotha I.
Published: June 2020

Many tourism products are offered to tourist whom travels to Banda in this case study is Marine tourism. The increasing number of demands is potential in bringing pressure upon the coastal and sea sectors. The aims of this research is to study the factors that affects the amount of visits by calculating the economic value of the marine tourism and formulating a strategy in developing a sustainable marine tourism in Banda. The methods used in the study are the multiple linear regression, the travel cost and the exponential comparison. The result shows the equation VISIT = 23.639 − 1.798COST + 0.258INC −0.889AGE + 1.792EDUC (DT) and VISIT = 4.074 − 0.525COST − 0.075INC − 0.815AGE + 1.658EDUC (FT), towards the total visits from Domestic Tourist (DT) and Foreign Tourist (FT) in the tourism area in Banda. The estimated economic value for the tourism area calculated from Domestic Tourist per individual is IDR 7,201,404,479 per year and from Foreign Tourist is US$ 2,571,316 per year. The first alternative strategic priority for the marine tourism in Banda District is from the ecology sector with a ECM value of 450,094,848. This concludes that the ecological sustainability implies on the contiunity of the social and economic sectors.
Mangrove Ecotourism Development in Letvuan Village Southeast Maluku Regency
Authors: Renjaan Meiksyana Raynold , Hungan Marselus , Betaubun Kamilius D
Published: June 2020

This study aims to develop the potential of mangrove forest ecotourism in Letvuan village, Hoat Sorbay District, Southeast Maluku Regency through identification of community and tourist perceptions. The results showed that the mangrove forest in Letvuan village has the potential of tourist sites in the form of boating while enjoying the natural beauty of mangrove forests and as a cultural tourism place where the Teb Tut king cemetery is one of the initiator of Larvul Ngabal customary law in the Kei Islands. Community perception is very supportive in developing ecotourism with the hope that it will empower local communities in ecotourism activities, and can preserve local arts and culture. Recommended ecotourism development strategies, namely: (1) complementing the infrastructure supporting ecotourism activities such as roads and bridges. (2) intensive promotion. (3) synergizing ecotourism with Kei traditional culture.
Investigation of mercury residual in dried Anchovy from Buru Island
Authors: Enda Savitri Imelda Krisanta , Silaban Bernita , Sormin R.B.D.
Published: June 2020

Dried anchovy is a prominent fishery product from Buru Island, produced by the community in villages Saliong and Siahoni at the coastal of Kayeli bay. The artisanal gold mine activity at mount Botak few years ago was resulted mercury contamination into the waters of Kayeli bay and it is appropriate to investigate the mercury contaminants in dried anchovy. This study was carried out to determine the amount of mercury residual in dried anchovy from Saliong-Batuboi and Siahoni. Further more dried anchovy as a good income for the community can be ensure its food safety for the consumers. The result showed that the average of mercury residual was 0.3135 mg/kg in 2017, 0.2498 mg/kg in 2018 and the value decline into 0.135 mg/kg in 2019. Refer to Indonesia Standard SNI 7387-2009 and CODEX STAN 193-1995 (Amended 2009), mercury residual in dried anchovy from Buru Island under 0.5 mg/kg and safe to be consumed.
Antioxidant activitiy of bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) extract coated with the nanochitosan derived from parrot fish (Scarus sp) scales
Authors: Rumengan Inneke F.M. , Rumampuk Natalie D. , Mandey Lucia C. , Kandou Grace D. , Luntungan Aldian H.
Published: June 2020

Vernonia amygdalina is traditionally used in various folk medicines as remedies against many diseases due to its antioxidant compounds. The ability of these compounds could be reduced during absorption process. Chitosan nanoparticles as drug carriers have the advantages of protecting bioactive compounds of the extract. Nanochitosan was prepared from the parrot fish (Scarus sp) scales, using ionic gelation method. Extraction of bitter leaves was performed by maceration method using 96%. ethanol The nanochitosan coated extracts were prepared into 2 groups, with the ratio of nanochitosan and extract of 1:1 (BLENC 1) and 2:1 (BLENC 2), respectively. The antioxidant activity of the two groups with different concentrations (10 to 50 μg/ml) and the control (BLE) was measured using DPPH test for the parameter of inhibition values. Results show that the BLENC 2 with concentration of 50 μg/ml has higher inhibition value (89.1%) than the 50 μg/ml concentration of BLE and BLENC 1. The inhibiton value of all samples were in range of very strong antioxidant category with the IC50 ranged from 8.98 to 22.25 μg/ml. Linear regression of the concentration against inhibition value graph shows that correlation was found to be in BLENC 2 (R2=0.828).
Quality “crispy enbal”, fortified with seaweed
Authors: Sudirjo Fien , Marasabessy Ismael
Published: June 2020

Enbal is the local name of cassava which is popular in the Kei Islands. The purpose of this research is to improve the competitiveness of crispy “Enbal” made from 2 types of enbal (Manihot utilisima) enriched with seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) to increase fiber content. This research is conducted in two steps. The first stage is the production of “enbal” flour from two types of enbal namely white and yellow enbal then analyzed with antioxidants (beta carotene) and fiber. The second stage is the production of crispy seaweed by adding 10, 20 and 30% seaweed. Then analyzed water content, protein, fat, fiber and beta-carotene. The results of the first phase of the study showed that the white fibers (2.02%) and yellow (2.47%) were not significantly different, while the beta-carotene content of yellow enbal (4.27mg / kg) was higher than the white (<0.02mg / kg). The results of the second stage of the study showed that the yield of crispy seaweed Enbal enriched with 30% seaweed was higher than the other treatments, while the other parameters did not differ.