bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interethnic jokes in Transylvania. The case of Gypsy jokes
Authors: Tudor Noemi
Published: January 2023

Weaver (2014a; 2014b), among other researchers, states that ethnicity is a common topic in humour research. Davies (1998) mentions that most ethnic minorities become the butt of ethnicity-centred jokes. In the Romanian context, most ethnicity-centred humorous discourses target the Hungarians and the Gypsies (Popescu 2011). Jokes are, usually, told from the perspective of the Romanians as a central group, while the butts (i.e., the minorities) represent the peripheral one. In the case of Gypsy jokes, the peripheral group (i.e., the Gypsies) is named in various manners. The paper illustrates the ethnonyms and other means of calling this group that were found in the corpus, when presenting the portray of the Gypsy in humorous discourses. When the relationship existing between two ethnic categories is interpreted in the humorous discourse, I use the label of “interethnic jokes”. Interethnic jokes mirror intercultural relationships existing among ethnic groups which live together in Transylvania (the region where the corpus was collected). The perspective and the presence of the joke-teller (as the representative of the central group – i.e., Romanian/Transylvanian) is marked in the discourse by linguistic tools. This research shows that the presence of the central group may be explicitly stated via ethnonyms or may be implied through lexical or grammatical means. Lexically, the use of lexemes referring to (1) occupations/professions, (2) a person in general, or (3) proper names are the most frequent representations. Grammatically, the use of pronouns and verbs (1st and 2nd person, singular or plural) are widely used tools.
On the changes in the Korean family institution in the past century
Authors: Buja Elena
Published: January 2023

This small-scale study aims to trace the changes that have occurred in the Korean family institution in a time span of about one hundred years, more specifically, since the beginning of the 20th century, when Korea opened its borders to foreigners, until the present, as well as to identify the causes that have led to these changes. The theoretical framework I will employ is thematic analysis, defined by Berelson (1952, 18) as “a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of the manifest content of communication”. The data subjected to analysis come from a number of novels authored by Korean and Korean-American writers, such as H. Lee (1997) Still Life with Rice, S. Park (2011) This Burns My Heart, and NJ. Cho (2018) Kim Jiyoung, Born 1982, to mention just a few. The reason behind opting for literature as a source of information is that I consider it to be a cultural product of particular socio-cultural circumstances inextricably linked to history. The fragments from the novels have been analyzed in terms of some of the identified themes, such as the status roles created by marriage in the Korean culture, the involvement of men in the house chores and child-rearing, in-laws’ attitudes towards their daughters-in-law, and the chances of married women to keep their jobs, divorce, to mention just a few. The primary data is supplemented with information coming from the Korean society trend survey, conducted by Statistics Korea. The findings of the analysis will reveal a slow, though obvious change in the family institution, which could be attributed to factors such as the Western influence, the spread of Christianity in the peninsula, as well as the massive industrial, technological, and economic development of Korea.
Sectarian language and perception of the “Other” after the Arab Spring
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: January 2023

This study explores how sectarian language prevalent on Arabic media shapes common Arab people's perceptions of sects such as Sunni, Shiites, and others. A sample of Arabic sectarian expressions was collected from social media, print media and TV channels. A sample of students and faculty was surveyed. Sectarian language was analysed according to the components of perception (perceiver, target, and situation), the factors that affect each, and the social amplification and attenuation risk framework. Sectarian language used by students, faculty and Arab media is characterized by contempt, hostility, hatred, and intolerance of the sect(s) they disapprove of as they constitute political and ideological threats. Many Sunnis are afraid of the Shiite tide and Shiite Crescent. Hezbollah, Houthis, and Muslim Brothers are considered “terrorists” and “militias”.
Implicit causality biases of Romanian interpersonal verbs: elicitation and initial results
Authors: Matei M. , Lindemann S.I.
Published: January 2023

Implicit causality is the property of interpersonal verbs to relate two human or animate entities in such a way that one of the referents is assumed to have caused the action or attitude described by the verb. This assumption, which has been termed bias and which is seemingly rooted in the argument structure of verbs, affects remention and subsequent pronominalization. This paper surveys theoretical and psycholinguistic approaches to causality in language with a focus on implicit causal relations expressed inter-clausally by verbs. It also presents the preliminary results of an off-line sentence-continuation study in which we tested the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural consistency of the implicit causality bias patterns of interpersonal verbs in Romanian.
“I’ll be there, same time, same place!” A decade in translating Hungarian realia into English in audiovisual translation
Authors: Estelyi-Tala Nora , Hortobagyi Ildiko
Published: January 2023

Audiovisual translation (AVT), albeit originated back in the early 20th century, only started gaining in popularity in the past decades, and poses unique challenges compared to traditional translation. Not only does the translator have to face the limitation placed by the time and length constraints and the lip movement of the characters, but beside verbal elements, also non-verbal ones (sounds, music, images, etc.) define the target-language text. This characteristic of movies makes the task of translating realia, or culture-specific notions, rather hard. The translator can - and has to - choose from a wide range of translation methods that can be placed somewhere on a spectrum between two main trends: domestication or foreignisation, opting for either bringing the target language (TL) text closer to the target culture (TC), or preserve it to some extent in the source culture (SC). The goals of the present paper are twofold. On the one hand, it intends to support the validity of a taxonomy adjusted specifically for the translation of realia in AVT in a previous study, which allows the measure of domestication or foreignisation to be expressed in numbers. On the other hand, it provides a case study of a Hungarian film trilogy and its English subtitles with the aim of discovering a shift in trends towards foreignisation over time.
Meaning-construction in everyday bilingualism. On the language attitudes of Hungarian-speaking youth in Romania
Authors: Todor Erika-Maria , Tanko Eniko
Published: January 2023

In our presentation we will examine the diversity of linguistic attitudes of Hungarian speakers in Romania. Although there are several definitions for this concept from psychology and linguistics, linguistic attitudes are generally understood as the value judgments and attitudes that individuals form on the basis of their language socialization, language use and learning experience, in relation to languages, language varieties and language expressions. In our present research, we wanted to find out the speakers’ value judgments about the phenomenon of using Romanian and/or English loanwords in their everyday Hungarian communication. In our research paradigm we adopted a case-oriented, inductive, data-focused research towards which we applied a mixed approach: the data was collected through a questionnaire, then the focus group discussion highlighted the criteria respondents used in their value judgment, as well as their opinions about loanwords adopted from the two languages. The conversations also indirectly shed light on the way in which a minority community relates to the languages active in its linguistic environment.
Effect of Resisted Sled Sprints in Sprint Start and Acceleration Performance: Preliminary Results
Authors: Lamnis A.T. , Panoutsakopoulos V. , Nikodelis T. , Chalitsios C. , Mihailidis A.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of resisted sled sprints (RSS) on the biomechanical parameters of the first steps of short

acceleration sprints. Five track and field athletes performed 10-m sprints using the semi-standing (SSS) and the 3-point (TPS) starting techniques. The RSS condition was conducted with a load of 9.7% ± 0.3 of body mass. Results of the 2 (start technique) × 2 (loading) × 3 (steps) revealed significant (p .05) were evident for flight time and sled pulling force. In conclusion, regardless of the starting technique, RSS should be controlled the avoidance of the excessive loading that was observed at the sprint start.
Study of Student's Satisfaction about Teacher's Competencies, Specific to the Teaching Activity at the Physical Education Lesson
Authors: Drugau S. , Balint L. , Mijaica R.
Published: January 2023

The current study aimed to evaluate the degree of satisfaction of the students following their participation in the physical education lessons of the trainee teachers who participated in the process of initial professional training through the application of a mentoring program. The sum of the points obtained by applying the questionnaire regarding the satisfaction of the students in relation to the quality of the teaching activities of the trainee teacher was 123.02, a value that falls between 160-105 points, the fact that the students have very good perception and appreciate the didactic activity of mentees, who developed, following the mentoring program, a high level of skills necessary to teach the subject of Physical Education, in his initial professional training stadium. Along with the expansion and deepening of the professional skills of the staff, participating in a structured debut mentoring process, the effectiveness of the act of teaching the Physical Education discipline increases, a fact reflected by the student's satisfaction with the support given in his own training.
Professional-applied Physical Training in the Professional Formation System of Police Officers
Authors: Schiopu Costel Gabriel
Published: January 2023

As a specific form of physical education, professional-applied physical training is an independent psycho-pedagogical process, aimed at ensuring specialized physical training on a continuous basis, towards a preferred professional activity, wishing to be an instructive process that completes the individual background of professionally useful psychomotor skills and abilities. Continuous improvement of motor, mental, moral, and volitional qualities depends entirely, directly or indirectly, on the person's personality, psychomotor ability, and the development of professional skills. The application of an efficient contemporary system of professional-applied physical training of police officers will produce major changes, which will be useful in training and strengthening professional behavior during professional activity due to the simplicity, homogeneity, and efficiency of this method and principles of training. The professional-applied physical training ensures the quantitative and qualitative bio-psychomotor basis, which increases the morphofunctional indices through a complex as varied as possible of the means, methods, and principles specific to the activity of the police officers.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Ghervan O. , Leuciuc F.
Published: January 2023

Physical activity and diabetes have been linked, as it plays an important role in preventing the progression of peripheral neuropathy, and their impact is primarily on the development of muscle strength and the ability to replace the function of nerve fibers with impaired disabilities. It seems that any form of exercise added to a balanced lifestyle significantly improves the quality of the subject with diabetes (type 2 diabetes). The small differences between aerobic and endurance training as a benefit for type 2 diabetes do not promote a certain form of exercise. In conclusion, the effects of regular exercise are recognized as an effective way to improve the condition of the disease. The basis of exercise therapy is simply the ability of skeletal muscle contractile activity to increase insulin sensitivity and promote blood glucose absorption and stabilization. Thus, regular participation in aerobic structure, endurance, or competing exercise had generally favorable effects on glycemic control, body composition, endothelial function, physical work capacity, and self-reported well-being.
The Effect of Physiotherapy in Assessing the Amplitude of Spine Movement in Patients with Scoliosis
Authors: Nechita Florentina
Published: January 2023

The present work contains a predominant idea regarding making a contribution in order to clarify some particular aspects of the scoliotic attitude. The purpose of this work is to present a therapeutic protocol in the scoliotic attitude that includes information about the patient's recovery. The purpose of corrective gymnastics is: to correct the spine by toning the back muscles, reducing coastal gibbosity by mobilizing the spine and untwisting the vertebral bodies, straightening the pelvis and balancing the shoulder girdle, developing the mobility of the chest, creating a correct posture reflex.
Linguistic Analysis of Trademarks of Selected Buffet Restaurants in SM Mall of Asia, Manila
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira, Djonda Ubaldus , Mendoza Angelita R. ,   University of Santo Tomas
Published: January 2023

Trademarks are important for business establishments because they express the origin and quality of the companies, but it is not always easy to know and employ linguistic elements to craft good trademarks. Thus, to see the linguistic characteristics and strength of trademarks, the study has an objective to examine the trademarks of selected buffet restaurants at SM Mall of Asia, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. The data were taken from nine buffet restaurants. The analysis was done by referring to Shuy’s (2002) linguistic tools and Butters’ (2010) framework. The findings reveal that the linguistic characteristics mainly used by the buffet restaurants were lexicography, phonetics, morphology, and semantics. In terms of lexicography, most trademarks have their etymological meaning and historical development in the dictionaries, except Charaptor and Yakimix, which are coined words. In phonetics, the trademarks have phonetic characteristics of 1-3 syllables. Then the morphological analysis shows that the trademarks consist of noun phrases, affixation, and word formation (clipping). In semantics, five trademarks do not have synonyms and polysemy; three have synonyms, and two have polysemy. In terms of strength, the trademarks were classified from the weak to the strongest as follows: Buffet 101 (descriptive); Cabalen, La Fiesta, Oceana (suggestive); Four Seasons, Vikings (arbitrary); and Charaptor, GEN, Yakimix (fanciful). The findings imply that business owners need to create their companies’ trademarks in arbitrary or fanciful categories.
Dampak Inovasi Teknologi Dalam Mendorong Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Soppeng Indonesia
Authors: Abbas Subhan Akbar , Alamsyah Alamsyah , Herman Bahtiar , Auliyah Iriana , Saleh Wahyuni
Published: January 2023

Teknologi telah menjadi bagian penting dalam kehidupan baik dalam pekerjaan maupun dalam hal-hal lainnya, teknologi dalam dunia kerja mampu memberikan kemudahan dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan, selain teknologi salah satu unsur penting yang dapat mempermudah pekerjaan adalah inovasi, inovasi merupakan ide-ide baru yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk memudahkan pekerjaan bahkan meningkatkan kapabilitas suatu perusahaan, inovasi dapat menciptakan teknologi dan sebaliknya teknologi juga mampu menciptakan inovasi, sehingga keduanya tidak dapat dipisahkan, dengan adanya inovasi teknologi dalam sebuah instansi maka diasumsikan kinerja pegawai dapat meningkat dengan adanya dukungan dari inovasi teknologi yang mampu mengefisienkan dan memaksimalkan capaian kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang diberikan inovasi teknologi dalam mendorong kinerja, sampel dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan metode sensus dikarenakan sampel berjumlah kurang dari 100, data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi dengan bantuan alat analisis yakni SPSS versi 26. Hasil yang menjadi temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara inovasi teknologi terhadap kinerja, yang memberikan arti bahwa inovasi teknologi berperan penting dalam mendorong kinerja pegawai pada kantor dinas kependudukan dan pencatatan sipil Kabupaten Soppeng.
Slippery Slope Arguments as Precautionary Arguments: A New Way of Understanding the Concern about Geoengineering Research
Authors: Andow James
Published: January 2023

It has been argued that geoengineering research should not be pursued because of a slippery slope from research to problematic deployment. These arguments have been thought weak or defective on the basis of interpretations that treat the arguments as relying on dubious premises. The paper urges a new interpretation of these arguments as precautionary arguments, i.e. as relying on a precautionary principle. This interpretation helps us better appreciate the potential normative force of the worries, their potential policy relevance, and the kind of evidence required by slippery slope arguments. Understood as precautionary arguments, it is clear that slippery slope arguments against geoengineering capture concerns that are worth taking seriously.
Genetic mechanisms of aspirin resistance in patients with atherothrombotic variant of ischemic stroke
Authors:   Republic Hospital No. 2 — Center for Emergency Medical Aid, EVERSTOVA T. E. , NIKOLAEVA T. YA. ,   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, CHUGUNOVA S. A. ,   North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to study the association of rs2317676 polymorphic variants of the GPIIIa gene with the development of aspirin resistance in patients with atherothrombotic variant of ischemic stroke. Material and methods. The article presents data of 100 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 100 people from the control group. All the patients received aspirin at a dose of 300 mg per day during the first day of the disease and 100 or 125 mg per day thereafter. The control group received aspirin as a primary prophylaxis for cardiovascular diseases. The study measured platelet aggregation on day 5–7 of taking the drug. The rs2317676 polymorphism of the GPIIIa gene was considered as genetic marker. Results. The frequency of A/G polymorphism rs2317676 of the GPIIIa gene was lower among individuals with low platelet aggregation compared to individuals with high platelet aggregation (p = 0.023; OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13–0.89). Conclusion. Carriage of the A/G genotype rs2317676 polymorphism of the GPIIIa gene influences an increase in platelet aggregation and the development of aspirin resistance.
For the benefit of women’s health in Russia (on the history of scientific obstetric schools of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy and Kazan University)
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KHASANOV A. A. , GAIVORONSKIKH D. I. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, KURMANBAEV T. E. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, SCHMIDT A. A. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, KRASOVSKAYA E. A. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, SOROKIN A. N. ,   S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy
Published: January 2023

The article presents the links in the development history of two scientific schools of obstetrics and gynecology: the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy and Kazan University. The history of training medical specialists is briefly described, starting from the 18th century and the opening of the first school of «Midwife Arts». Based on biographical data, the works of Professors A.Ya. Krassovsky, K.F. Slavyansky, V.M. Florinsky, V.S. Gruzdev and their colleagues were studied. Over the years of their medical work, a decrease in birth mortality and the number of complications during pregnancy and childbirth was achieved, and the number of successful caesarean sections increased. In addition to medical practice, their task was to develop the teaching of obstetrics and gynecology in higher educational institutions of Russia and to train highly qualified personnel. Thanks to the joint work of these scientists, the traditions and knowledge of the Saint Petersburg and Kazan schools were combined, methods of managing pregnant women, delivery and treatment of female diseases were developed, which to this day have not lost their relevance. The result of many years of their work is the preservation and enhancement of women’s health in Russia.
Dysplastic heart. Left ventricular myocardial deformation in undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia
Authors:   Republican Clinical and Diagnostic Center, SMETANIN M. YU. , LOGINOVA E. N. ,   Omsk State Medical University
Published: January 2023

Cardiac syndromes occupy a special place among the manifestations of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD), since it is the severity of dysplastic stigmatization of the cardiovascular system (CVS) that determines the individual life and work prognosis in people with UCTD. Predicting adverse cardiovascular events is relevant, in particular, for young women with UCTD, since protecting the health of such patients in a critical demographic situation in the country (low birth rate and high mortality) is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine. Ultrasound estimation of myocardial deformation indicators in clinical practice provides accurate information about the early stages of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with a preserved ventricular ejection fraction (EF), which makes it possible to detect early violations of myocardial mechanics and subclinical signs of heart failure (HF).
Cytokine secretion features in chronic diseases anemia
Authors:   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, NEDOMOLKINA S. A. , ZUIKOVA A. A. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, NEDOMOLKIN S. V. ,   Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko
Published: January 2023

The article presents a literature review concerning the changes of cytokine status in patients with anemia of chronic diseases. Сhronic diseases anemia is characterized by a systemic inflammation, which causes numerous negative effects. The systemic inflammation is manifested, among other things, by a change in the cytokine status, which affects all human organs and systems. The authors consider the main pathogenetic and clinical effects of changes in cytokine status in chronic diseases anemia. This relationship is bi-directional: some changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be an independent cause of the anemic syndrome development or its aggravation. Currently, anemia of chronic diseases and its mutual influence on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines remains an urgent problem of medicine. New possible pathogenetic mechanisms are being studied and their solutions are being sought to improve the patients’ life quality.
Modern view on the causes and prophylaxis of sudden infant death syndrome
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, MALTSEV S. V. , MANSUROVA G. SH. ,   Kazan (Volga) Federal University
Published: January 2023

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a poorly studied problem of infant age, one of the causes of death in the post-neonetal period and still remains a diagnosis by exclusion. The article presents literature data on the SIDS terminology and frequency in certain regions of the world. The information is given on explicable and inexplicable causes of this state, the polyethiological, multifactor nature of SIDS, developed against the background of increased sensibility associated with the immature nervous, endocrinal and immune systems. The modern data are presented referring to the role of hereditary background and infection, the participation of a number of neurotransmitters in SIDS development, the significance of modified risk factors, and the character of patho-anatomic conclusions. Prophylactic measures are described, which can be taken by doctors and parents to prevent SIDS development.
Role of neuron-specific enolase in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, NIKITINA E. A. , NOVIKOV V. A. ,   H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery
Published: January 2023

The literature data on the clinical and diagnostic significance of neuron-specific enolase in the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in newborns are presented. The expediency of determining this marker in various variants of the disease course is shown. The study of the content of this neurospecific protein is valuable for diagnosing, monitoring and predicting the course and outcomes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Influence of the maternal microbiome on the development of late fetal growth retardation
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, ZHELEZOVA M. E. , BEKTUR B. K. ,   Assisted Reproductive Technologies Ltd., MALTSEVA L. I. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of RMACPE MH Russia, GRIGORYEVA T. V. ,   Omics Technologies Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of KFU, BOULYGINA E. A. ,   Omics Technologies Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of KFU, KHUSNUTDINOVA D. R. ,   Omics Technologies Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology of KFU, ZIATDINOVA E. A. ,   Kazan Federal University
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to assess the possible influence of the microbiome of the vagina, oral cavity and placenta of women on the late fetal growth retardation syndrome. Material and methods. A prospective-retrospective analysis of pregnancy and childbirth in 80 pregnant women was carried out. The main group consisted of 40 women with late fetal growth retardation syndrome, the comparison group — 40 healthy pregnant women. The study of the microbiome of the vagina, oral cavity, and placenta was carried out by sequencing of nitrogenous bases in the 16S ribosomal RNA (r-RNK) genes in 15 patients with fetal growth retardation and 8 healthy pregnant women. The Fast-DNA SPIN Kit was used to isolate the DNA material. The isolated DNA was subjected to subsequent PCR amplification followed by sequencing with forward primers and reagent kits. Results. The vaginal microbiome in women of both observation groups was characterized by the predominance of Lactobacillus, the content of which was more than 90%. The oral microbiome in both observation groups was marked by the predominance of two main bacterial types — Firmicutes and Prevotella, while Streptococcus was dominant in women with fetal growth retardation. In the placenta of women with fetal growth retardation, the bacterial diversity was significantly lower than in healthy pregnant women. The oral and placental microbiome influences the development of the late fetal growth retardation syndrome. Conclusion. The influence of the altered maternal microbiome on the formation of late fetal growth retardation is not excluded.
Physical development of extremely premature infants at birth, discharge from the hospital and in the first 3 years of life
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, SHCHERBAKOVA V. P. , MOZZHUKHINA L. I. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, IVANOVA I. V. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, STROYEVA L. E. ,   Yaroslavl State Medical University, ERMOLINA E. A. ,   Regional Prenatal Center
Published: January 2023

The physical development of extremely preterm infants remains poorly studied, it is mecessary to determine the timing and methods of «catching up» growth and the identification of risk groups for postnatal growth retardation. The article analyzes the indicators of the physical development of children born extremely premature in the first three years of life. The influence of gestational age, birth weight and postnatal growth retardation in the first months of life on the subsequent physical development of children was determined. Underweight of degrees 1 and 2 in extremely preterm infants at the discharge from hospital is a prognostic sigh for including in group risk for underweight, low height and low head circumference in the first three years of life.
Clinical and metabolic features of teenage boys with constitutional growth and puberty retardation
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, CHEREDNIKOVA K. A. , FILINA N. YU. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, BOLOTOVA N. V. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky, PETROVA M. G. ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to evaluate the metabolic status of patients with constitutional growth and puberty retardation in comparison with healthy peers. Material and methods. The study included 100 teenage boys aged 15 y. o.: the main group (n = 70) — patients with constitutional growth and puberty retardation, the comparison group (n = 30) — healthy adolescents. The indicators of the metabolic status of adolescents were evaluated clinically and by laboratory indices. It was shown that patients with CGPR with androgen deficiency have significant deviations in the metabolic status, manifested by a negative nitrogen balance, dyslipidemia, and the formation of presarcopenic syndrome.
Predictors and early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in children
Authors:   Orenburg State Medical University, CHESNOKOVA S. A. , VYALKOVA A. A. ,   Orenburg State Medical University
Published: January 2023

Early diagnosis of progressive forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood, prevention of the development of complications and life-threatening conditions associated with impaired renal function still remain an unresolved problem in pediatrics and nephrology. The lack of informative clinical and paraclinical markers for predicting the course of CKD makes it difficult to diagnose the early stages of the disease, and the methods used in pediatrics for diagnosing kidney damage to assess the preclinical stages of structural and functional kidney damage are insufficienly informative. Determination of pathogenetic predictors of the course of chronic kidney diseases and biomarkers of early stages of kidney damage is prospective for solving this problem. Prognostic markers are factors or a group of factors that lead to the development and progression of the disease with an outcome in nephrosclerosis, the identification of which will improve the efficiency of CKD early diagnosis. We have scientifically substantiated that in children the leading criteria for the formation and progression of CKD are: an increase in the level of markers of endothelial dysfunction (endothelin-1, homocysteine, ADMA, serum cystatin) cytokine imbalance (increased pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNFά), combined with a decrease in GFR and parameters of intrarenal hemodynamics (diastolic blood flow velocity).
Comparison of the efficiency of losartan and the combination of valsartan / sacubitril in patients with chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction in combination with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors:   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, IGNATENKO G. A. , BAGRIY A. Е. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, PRIKOLOTA O. A. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, PRIKOLOTA A. V. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, MYKHAILICHENKO I. S. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, GOLODNIKOV I. A. ,   M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University, GODOVICHENKO E. E. ,   Central City Clinical Hospital No. 1
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to compare the efficacy and safety of the use of two regimens for the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers — valsartan / sacubitril (V/C) and losartan in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in combination with chronic heart failure (HF) and low ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV). Material and methods. We observed 46 patients with type 2 diabetes. All these patients had previously suffered from myocardial infarction and had clinical manifestations of chronic HF class II-III with LV EF < 40%. All patients were recommended lifestyle changes, they received adequate hypoglycemic and organ-protective therapy. Two groups were distinguished: group A (16 patients, taking V/C at an initial dose of 100 mg/day, followed by titration to 400 mg/day) and group B (30 patients, taking losartan at an initial dose of 50 mg/day, with titration up to 150 mg/day). In the course of treatment and after 11 months, clinical and laboratory studies were performed, in dynamics, echocardiography with tissue Doppler, ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries, and a test with reactive hyperemia were performed. Results. During treatment in group A, compared with group B, a more significant positive dynamics of clinical manifestations and the following studied parameters were noted: HOMA-IR and ΔHOMA-B indices, glycated hemoglobin levels, chronic HF class, LV EF, left atrial volume index, ratio of early diastolic velocity of transmitral blood flow to early diastolic velocity of the mitral valve ring, carotid intima-media complex thickness, and indexbrachial arteries resistivity; all changes are significant. Conclusions. Combined neurohumoral blockade using V/S compared with losartan in patients with DM type 2 and chronic HF with low LV EF helped to have more positive changes in clinical-laboratory and instrumental indicators.
Influence of modern drug therapy on the course of Parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Сity Polyclinic No. 3, SHTAIMETS S. V. , ZHUKOVA N. G. ,   Siberian State Medical University, ZHUKOVA I. A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, AGASHEVA A. E. ,   Siberian State Medical University, NOVOTNYY D. A. ,   Сity Polyclinic No. 1
Published: January 2023

The impact of the therapy on patients with Parkinson’s disease remains unclear. To date, claims about the pathogenesis-modifying effect of drugs remain controversial. One of the criteria for the effect of therapy on changing the course of Parkinson’s disease should be an increased life expectancy, a reduction in severe forms and, accordingly, disability. It is only possible to assess the impact of modern therapy by comparing it with a group of patients with Parkinson’s disease who never received modern antiparkinsonian drugs. The purpose — to study the impact of modern pharmacotherapy on the course of PD based on the data of medical care quality during five years. Material and methods. A five-year analysis of the conclusions of medical examinations of 1754 patients with Parkinson’s disease, as well as a comparative statistical analysis of the causes of death in the study group compared with the general Russian population in 2018 and a sample of M. Hoehn and M. Yahr 1967, before the use of modern antiparkinsonian drugs. Results. Out of 1754 people, 1480 patients remained in the study after 5 years. Despite the ongoing drug therapy in accordance with clinical recommendations and standards adopted in the Russian Federation, during the observed period, there was a steady progression of Parkinson’s disease and transition to more severe stages. The mortality rate in the study group from circulatory diseases was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the general Russian population and significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to the group of M. Hoehn and M. Yahr in 1967, which does not exclude the negative impact of antiparkinsonian drugs. It was interesting to find a reliable fact that in the group of our study, the probability of death from respiratory diseases was 2.23 times higher (p < 0.01) than in the group of Russian citizens in 2018, but 2.38 times lower (p < 0.02) than in the group of M. Hoehn and M. Yahr in 1967, which can be explained by the mutually contradictory effect of antiparkinsonian therapy. Conclusions. Тhe study established the fact of clinical progression of the disease, despite the ongoing therapy. Over a five-year period, the number of patients in the group with a more severe course of the disease (stages III–IV for Hoehn and Yahr) increased significantly (p < 0.001). The main causes of death of patients with Parkinson’s disease in our study coincide with the causes of death of Russian citizens in the general population in 2018, as well as with the sample presented by M. Hoehn and M. Yahr in 1967 in the era before the use of modern antiparkinsonian drugs. Modern antiparkinsonian drugs can have both a positive and negative effect on a patient with Parkinson’s disease, having an ambiguous effect on life expectancy.
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of dermatophities and scabies in a large industrial region
Authors:   Republic Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, MINULLIN I. K. , EREMEEVA ZH. G. ,   Republic Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, FAZYLOV V. KH. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, IBRAGIMOVA R. Z. ,   Republic Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, GATAULLINA M. E. ,   Republic Clinical Dermatovenerologic Dispensary, VALIEV R. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: January 2023

The purpose — to present the epidemiological characteristics of dermatophytosis and scabies among the population of a large industrial region (on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan). Material and methods. The materials of the study were the data of official accounting and reporting documentation: statistical form No. 9 «Information on the incidence of predominantly sexually transmitted infections and contagious skin diseases» for 2012–2021. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of contagious skin diseases of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2012–2021 was carried out by processing data with Microsoft Excel software. Results. During the analyzed period, the incidence of contagious skin diseases in the Republic of Tatarstan was unstable, with a moderate downward trend in 2021 (from 132.9 cases per 100 thousand population in 2012 to 101.9 cases per 100 thousand population in 2021) with a predominance of dermatophytosis in the nosological structure (93%). among persons with contagious skin diseases, women (59.5%), persons over 40 years of age (44.29%) and children aged 0–14 years (31%) prevailed. Conclusion. The anti-epidemic measures introduced in 2020 aimed at combating the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive result on the epidemiological situation in terms of the incidence of dermatophytosis and scabies, while maintaining the downward trend.
NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AS AN INDICATOR OF THE SEVERITY OF INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS OF DIVERTICULAR DISEASE
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Pankratova Yu. S. , Karpukhin O. Yu. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: January 2023

Determination of the ONL index (the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes) is a simple, inexpensive, very popular method abroad that allows to predict the course and outcomes of a wide range of diseases. The possibility of application of ONL in the diagnosis, course prognosis and differential diagnosis of diverticular disease of the colon represents significant clinical interest. Aim — to determine the diagnostic significance of the ONL index in complicated diverticulitis. Material and methods. In retrospective analysis, the ONL index was evaluated in 58 patients with diverticular disease, 42 patients with colon cancer, 31 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and 46 patients with hemorrhoidal disease, who were hospitalized in the coloproctology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Tatarstan for the period from 2015 to 2021. Results. Average of ONL in patients with DD (diverticular disease) were 7,96±5,43, minimal value — 1,16, maximal — 27,42. ONL increased according to aggravation of inflammatory changes in the walls of diverticulum, its spreading beyond the bowel wall. On the contrary, decrease of ONL was marked as a result of relief of inflammation by conservative or surgical treatment, which allowed to state the tendency of decrease of the index at discharge from hospital to 2,75±1,3 (p<0,05). There was also a correlation in the prolongation of patients’ hospital treatment with high ONL indexes as a result of severe inflammatory complications. The correlation coefficient was rxy = 0,468 (p <0,05). There was a statistically significant difference in the ONL index in patients with diverticular disease and patients with cancer of the colon (p <0,05), as well as a significant difference in the ONL index between patients with diverticular disease and patients with hemorrhoidal disease (p <0,001), while the ONL index in patients with diverticular disease and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases did not demonstrate such differences (p >0,05). Conclusion. Thus, the determination of the ONL index can be used in clinical practice not only for the diagnosis and control of the disease, but also for differential diagnosis with other diseases of the colon.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION ON THE RISK OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy ― Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Gataullin I. G. , Shlychkov A. P. ,   Institute of Ecology and Subsoil Use Problems of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Gataullin B. I. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy ― Branch Campus of the FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia, Biktemirova R. G. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: January 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main problems of modern oncology due to the high incidence and significant mortality in Russia and other countries. This disease can be considered as a marker of the socio-economic development of the regions. In this regard, it is relevant to study the quantitative and qualitative assessment of environmental factors and, above all, air, on the risk of CRC in the conditions of the active influence of human activities on the environment. Purpose of the study — to determine patterns of formation of the incidence of colorectal cancer in the population of a large industrial region, depending on air pollution. Material and methods. To achieve this goal, the incidence of CRC was studied in a large industrial region — the Republic of Tatarstan (RT), depending on the level of air pollution. Results. Analysis of the study shows that a high incidence of colorectal cancer was found in Kazan, as well as in 11 municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. A strong upward trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer was observed in Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny, as well as in 10 municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. A significant effect of harmful emissions into the atmosphere on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the rectum and colon has been established. Conclusion. Studies conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan on the dependence of the incidence of CRC on the complex effects of polluted atmospheric air confirm the position on the formation of a high level of incidence of this pathology in an unfavorable environmental situation.
ISSUES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED STOMACH CANCER
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Akhmetzyanov F. Sh. , Valiullin I. I. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Akhmetzyanova F. F. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: January 2023

Gastric cancer is one of actual problems of modern oncology and medicine in general, occupying the 5th place in the structure of cancer morbidity in the world and the 3rd place in the structure of the causes of cancer mortality. By now, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and development of new methods of treatment of patients with this pathology. In spite of this, problem of the complicated forms of gastric cancer is still very actual. The most frequent complications are bleeding, perforation, stenosis and penetration. It is important to keep in mind that it is not uncommon for gastric cancer to go undiagnosed before a complication develops. Development of complications, in the majority of cases, leads to emergency condition, requiring emergency hospitalization of patients and surgical intervention. The population of patients with complicated gastric cancer is very heterogeneous, and the development of the complication itself is not necessarily associated with an unfavorable prognosis.
An Efficient Hybrid Technique for Automatic License Plate Recognitions
Authors: Devi Terli V. , Satyanarayana V. , Singh Mahesh K.
Published: January 2023

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is an embedded real-time technology that automatically recognizes a vehicle’s license plate. There are numerous uses, ranging from complex security to shared spaces, parking to acceleration. The ALPR is used to control the traffic and to take hold for those who violate the traffic rules. Automatic recognition of vehicle license plate numbers has become critical in our daily lives due to the rapid expansion of autos and transportation systems, which makes it difficult for the general public to keep up with and monitor. A license plate identification system uses image processing theory and soft computing technology to identify cars based on their number plates. Using fewer and simpler algorithms can reduce both calculation time and execution time needed by most number plate localization approaches. This is because most of these techniques require several operations. License plate recognition is the most used approach in traffic-related applications. Various approaches, tactics, and algorithms have been developed for the identification and recognition of license plates. In the context of Indian license plate identification, only a few research have looked at the topic. Character segmentation and character recognition are two of the three key steps in identifying a license plate.
Noise Reduction in Audio File Using Spectral Gatting and FFT by Python Modules
Authors: Sudheer Kumar E. , Jai Surya K. , Yaswanth Varma K. , Akash A. , Nithish Reddy K.
Published: January 2023

Future telecommunication will more and more rely on proper noise reduction techniques with less convolution. Speech communication, speech augmentation, and speech transmission have quite a great challenge regarding noise in audio transmissions. Therefore, the most effective noise cancellation technique should be developed such that it is coherent and active noise cancellation and rapid transmission rate, and a significant proportion of the noise is suppressed. Fast Fourier Transmission (FTT) and Spectral gating techniques are a handful of algorithms that have been often used during the reduction of noise. These algorithms have indeed been put into effect to suppress any noise, especially noise from fans in the room, horn sounds and dog barks on the streets. The intended audio is generated to use the recorded audio signal, which will then be handled using the aforementioned techniques to provide the clearest, least-noisy audio possible. To determine whether the system the method is and how well the noise in the audio signal is being reduced, compare the SNR levels of the raw audio file and the noise-reduced audio signal. For variable SNR in a very noisy environment, noise cancellation and noise reduction techniques of an audio signal are essential. When compared to the many models and research articles currently in existence, this one has been concluded that this methodology will be much more productive.