bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaksi Investor Pasca Pengumuman Indeks Idx High Dividen 20
Authors: Rahmawati Meita , Patmawati Patmawati , Sitepu Christian Damar Sagara
Published: February 2025

The capital market is an attractive investment instrument for investors who want to profit from stock price movement. One of the indices that is quite popular in the capital market is the Idx High Dividend 20 Index. The announcement of the Idx High Dividend 20 Index is thought to influence investor behavior and result in significant changes in stock price and stock trading volume. This study is an event study that aims to empirically test the differences in abnormal returns and volume of stock trading activity before and after the announcement of the Idx High Dividend 20 Index. This study is a quantitative study. The results showed that the Asymp sig (2 Tailed) abnormal return was 0.086>0.05, so H1 which was left was rejected, which means there was no significant difference in the abnormal stock return value before and after the announcement. However, the statistical results showed that the average value of the volume of stock trading activity after the announcement of the Idx High Dividend 20 Index increased to 1.73540 and was supported by the results of the ranking test, there were 182 data from 260 data or around 70% of the value after>after the announcement of the Idx High Dividend 20 Index with the Asymp Value. Sig (2-tailed) of 0.000,0.05. Based on this value, the accepted H2 means that there is a difference in the volume of stock trading activity before and after the announcement of the Idx High Dividend 20 Index.
Internalisasi Nilai Budaya Sipakatau dalam Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban Sosial
Authors: Junaid Asriani , Susanto Edy , Arif Muh. , Basalamah Muhammad Syafi'i A. , Said Darwis
Published: February 2025

Businesses play a significant role in addressing current environmental issues. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents a company’s commitment to economic (profit), social (people), and environmental (planet) principles. This study examines the implementation of social accountability accounting based on sipakatau values and CSR practices at PT Semen Bosowa Maros. Sipakatau, a core value of Bugis culture, emphasizes respect and recognition of others. As a societal norm, sipakatau serves as a behavioral guide, including in business practices. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnomethodology approach, involving interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that sipakatau values are reflected in consultations (mappatabe) with local communities before making decisions that could impact their social and environmental systems. CSR practices at PT Semen Bosowa Maros not only benefit the company but also contribute to the sustainability of community life. CSR rooted in sipakatau fosters synergy between businesses, communities, and the environment. Support from both internal and external stakeholders is crucial for a company’s legitimacy. Therefore, sipakatau values are highly relevant and should be integrated as guiding principles in corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Pain Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors:   , Crul Tim Cornelis
Published: February 2025

Pain is one of the most prevalent and debilitating secondary conditions in people living with spinal cord injury. More than half of the people living with spinal cord injury experience pain at some point during their lives. Regular medication for pain is often insufficient and prone to side-effects. This thesis gives an overview of pain treatments in spinal cord injury besides regular medication. It consists of three parts.
The first part describes the prevalence and determinants of SCI-related pain during inpatient rehabilitation. Presence of pain at admission and discharge from eight rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands are reported. Prevalence was reported as 61.2% experiencing pain at admission and 51.5% at discharge. Several determinants were found to be related to having pain. Traumatic SCI and female sex were associated with nociceptive pain while people suffering from AIS B and C were less likely to have nociceptive pain. Female sex, people with tetraplegia and an age younger than 65 years compared to older than 75 years were associated with having neuropathic pain. During inpatient rehabilitation there was a decrease in prescribed oral medication for nociceptive pain, while there was an increase in prescribed oral medication for neuropathic pain.
The second part describes the use of non-pharmacological treatments. Many different types of these non-pharmacological treatments are tried by people with spinal cord injury. These treatments can be physical, psychological or based on complementary and alternative medicine. People described the use of different types of these treatments to find pain reduction. Effectiveness of these treatments differ greatly between people with spinal cord injury. Most evidence in our thesis and the scientific literature can be found for physical treatments. The journey to finding these treatments is described as frustrating and lonely. People seek support and guidance from health care professionals, which they often do not find.
The third part describes the use of topical analgesics for neuropathic pain in people with spinal cord injury. New emerging strategies using pain reducing creams have emerged in the past couple of decades. In clinical practice, they are already used for people with spinal cord injury. These treatments have fewer side-effects and the first results we present show that reduction of pain can be accomplished by these treatments.
This thesis shows that pain treatment in spinal cord injury should be multidimensional at an early stage, using different types of treatment strategies. Health care professionals should accompany people with spinal cord injury at an early stage in finding possible treatments. If a small part of the body is affected by neuropathic pain, topical analgesics can be considered in addition to oral pharmacological pain treatment.
The Cuteness Quotient: Penguins, Picturebooks, and Environmental Education
Authors: Smulders Sharon
Published: February 2025

This article explores how the aesthetic of cuteness shapes representations of nature in six informational picturebooks about penguins. The analysis addresses the two informational genres – one related to the emperor life cycle and the other to penguin rescue – that dominate the field in the twenty-first century. Whereas the books devoted to the emperor life cycle tend to reject cuteness as a mode inconsistent with scientific observation, those devoted to penguin rescue show its allure as a means, albeit problematic, to stimulate interest and raise awareness of threats to species survival. Within this context, cuteness often obscures the ideological, political, and economic forces driving eco-disaster. By contrast, picturebooks depicting charismatic animals show the value of awe and wonder in teaching respect for the natural environment. Emperor life-cycle narratives examined include Martin Jenkins and Jane Chapman’s The Emperor’s Egg; Sandra Markle and Alan Marks’s A Mother’s Journey; and Nicola Davies and Catherine Rayner’s Emperor of the Ice. Penguin rescue narratives examined include Sophie Cunningham and Anil Tortop’s Flipper and Finnegan: The True Story of How Tiny Jumpers Saved Little Penguins; Marikka Tamura and Daniel Rieley’s Penguins Don’t Wear Sweaters; and Jean Marzollo and Laura Regan’s Pierre the Penguin: A True Story.
A Very Hungry Week: Challenges of Timekeeping in the Anthropocene
Authors: St. Pierre Charis
Published: February 2025

Modern human modes of timekeeping such as the clock and calendar conceive of time as uniform and stable, attributes that can obscure the multiplicity and instability of natural temporal processes and cycles. Because of this, some ecocritics argue we must understand time itself as a form of power that renders intra- and cross-species relations in and out of sync, and ask who is given agency through our temporal depictions, who is denied it, and how we might approach time otherwise (e.g. Nixon; Haraway; Huebener). With these ecological stakes in mind, this article will consider how Eric Carle’s classic The Very Hungry Caterpillar (1969) attempts cross-species temporal alignment through mapping the caterpillar’s process of becoming onto the days of the week. Attending both to the material structure of Carle’s book, which depicts the days of the week as frozen and calculable slices that are nevertheless uneven and penetrable, as well as to the cultural presuppositions implicit in the modern week itself, I outline how The Very Hungry Caterpillar highlights key problems of translating environmental processes into human modes of timekeeping. I then suggest what environmental insights The Very Hungry Caterpillar can provide for considering the unique temporalities of other-than-human beings during a period of climate upheaval.
Personification Metaphors in Children’s Picturebooks about Nature: A Multimodal Cognitive Stylistic Study
Authors: Ren Zheng
Published: February 2025

This paper examines multimodal personification metaphors representing the natural world and human–nature relationships in three recent Caldecott award-winning picturebooks about nature –  Outside In (2020), Wonder Walkers (2021), and Have You Ever Seen a Flower? (2021). It argues that verbal and pictorial metaphors collaboratively conceptualise inanimate and less perceivable entities in the natural world in terms of animate and more perceivable entities in the human world. The personifying and anthropomorphic metaphors in these picturebooks integrate the human and natural worlds and foster the development of ecological thinking and emotional connections in young readers. It concludes that multimodal personification metaphors build close human–nature connections and encourage children to explore ecological meaning by themselves.
Exploring the key drivers of crop yields in Morocco – a systematic review
Authors: Achli Soumia , Ongoma Victor , Epule Terence Epule , Dhiba Driss , Salih Wiam , Ousayd Lahcen , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Morocco's agricultural sector faces significant socio-environmental challenges that threaten food security and economic development. A comprehensive assessment of these challenges is crucial for informed decision-making at both national and farm scales. This study aims to identify and analyze key drivers influencing crop yields in Morocco, with a focus on grain crops, by integrating climatic, socio-economic, and biophysical factors.

Methods

A systematic review of 135 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between 1990 and 2024 was conducted. The review examines both climatic and non-climatic factors affecting crop yields, particularly for wheat, a staple in Morocco’s food system.

Results

Precipitation emerged as the primary driver of crop yields, with approximately 15.6% of the literature analyzed emphasizing its impact. Other significant factors include irrigation, fertilization, water stress, temperature, technical efficiency, soil properties, conservation agriculture, insects and pests, sowing date, drought, crop varieties and genetics, diseases, herbicides, and extreme climatic events. These drivers interact in complex ways, with precipitation and irrigation playing pivotal roles in mitigating water stress and enhancing crop productivity.

Discussion

The findings highlight the intricate dependencies between climatic and agronomic factors affecting Morocco's grain production. Understanding these interactions is essential for policymakers and farmers to develop strategies that enhance agricultural sustainability and resilience. This study provides a foundation for impact-based analysis and evidence-based decision-making to improve productivity and ensure food security in Morocco.
Evaluation of the effect of cervical spine bone distribution on fixation in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Wang Beiyang , Tang Jian , Wang Zhiqiang , Deng Chen , Lv Junqiao , Gao Fang , Xiong Xiaoyan , Sun Lin
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The distribution of cervical bones in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) differs from that of the normal cervical spine. Traditional simulation methods often yield inaccurate results in finite element analysis. The current study aimed to construct ankylosing spondylitis cervical spine fracture (ASCF) models based on Hounsfield Unit (HU) values to analyze the effects of different fixation approaches.

Methods

Quantitative HU measurements of cervical vertebrae and lateral masses were obtained from CT scans of 20 patients with AS. A finite element model of ASCF was constructed based on HU values and was compared with a traditional ASCF model from multiple perspectives. Additionally, three ASCF models were used to compare the effects of various fixation approaches. A meta-analysis of screw loosening rates was conducted to further validate the efficacy of the models.

Results

The HU value of the cervical lateral mass in AS is higher than the corresponding mass in the vertebral body. Finite element analysis results indicated that the anterior approach is less stable compared to other approaches, as evidenced by the maximum stress (MS) value of the screw and the maximum displacement (MD) of the entire model. These findings were corroborated by the meta-analysis of screw loosening rates in ASCF.

Conclusion

ASCF exhibits an uneven distribution of cervical bone, with more severe osteoporosis in the anterior cervical spine. Consequently, simple anterior approaches to fixation may lead to screw loosening in ASCF.
Statistical shape modeling of shape variability of the human distal tibia: implication for implant design of the tibial component for total ankle replacement
Authors: Yu Jian , Li Chengke , Lyu Jinyang , Cao Shengxuan , Zhang Chao , Ma Xin , Zhao Dahang
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Understanding the morphological variability of the distal tibia can help design tibial components of total ankle implants. This study aimed to assess the shape variability of the distal tibial bone, utilizing the statistical shape modeling (SSM) technique.

Methods

A total of 229 tibial bones were analyzed through CT scans to develop SSM models. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to characterize shape variation across the male, female, and overall groups. The geometric parameters of the resected surfaces at the 10-mm level above the distal tibial articular surface were compared.

Results

The first seven principal component analysis (PCA) modes accounted for approximately 24.9%–40% of the shape variation, totaling 71.5%–75.6%. Considerable variabilities were observed among these three groups and all principal modes of variation. Notably, the male tibia had a bigger medial malleolus, anterior part of the fibular notch, and posterior malleolus. In the 10-mm resection surface of the distal tibia, anterior–posterior and medial–lateral distances were the main sources of variation. In addition, variations were frequently detected at both the anterior and posterior corners of the fibular notch in the resection surface of the distal tibia.

Conclusion

The SSM technique has been shown to be an effective method in finding mean shape and principal variability. Size plays a crucial role in both inter- and intra-groups, and morphological differences vary across different sizes. Therefore, these considerations should be taken into account while designing tibial components for total ankle implants.
Hysteresis performance study of SRUHSC frame based on rod segment fiber model
Authors: Duan Qing-Yu , Wang Qiang , Yang Chun-Xiao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

With the large-scale construction of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, structures combining ultra-high strength concrete and steel sections are increasingly applied in practical engineering.

Methods

Accurately predicting the elastoplastic behavior of frame structures containing steel-reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (SRUHPC) components is crucial for assessing the seismic safety and studying the collapse performance of buildings with such components. To expand the application range of the SRC-SFM based on DEM (Discrete Element Method), this paper introduces a UHPC constitutive model based on SRC-SFM, constructing an SFM suitable for SRUHPC components. On this basis, it also achieves the establishment of a comprehensive SRHSC model. The SRUHPC SFM model is further validated through comparisons with the hysteretic performance of SRUHPC components and plane frames of different stories.

Results

Comprehensive indicators including hysteretic curves, stress-strain relationships of various fibers at the column base, energy dissipation curves, and stiffness degradation curves prove that SRUHPC-SFM can be used to simulate the hysteretic performance of SRUHPC components and SRUHPC plane frames.

Discussion

This extends the application of DEM in studying the non-linear mechanical properties of structures containing SRUHPC components before collapse, laying a solid foundation for accurate simulation of the entire collapse process of structures containing SRUHPC components using DEM.
Application of multi-source remote sensing technologies in identification and evolution mechanism analysis of creep landslides: a case study of Shibatai landslide in Wenchuan earthquake area
Authors: Wang Defu , Liu Li , Luo Chao , Wen Xuehu , Li Yongxin , Ren Dongyu , Tang Wei
Published: February 2025

Slow-moving landslides pose significant long-term hazards in seismically active mountainous regions. However, their subtle deformation patterns and complex internal structures present challenges for accurate identification and monitoring using conventional methods. This study integrates remote sensing technologies, including InSAR, DIC, LiDAR, and UAV photogrammetry, to comprehensively analyze the Shibatai creep landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Results reveal that the landslide exhibits a four-stage evolution process, from initial gravity-induced creep to earthquake disturbance, rainfall influence, and multi-level sliding formation. The study identifies six secondary sliding bodies within the landslide, with the most intense deformation occurring at their boundaries. Notably, DIC and UAV technologies demonstrated superior performance in detecting significant deformation features, aligning closely with field observations. The research proposes a multi-scale, multi-technology combination strategy for landslide investigation, emphasizing the complementary nature of different remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of focusing on main deformation areas, particularly at the boundaries of secondary blocks, for efficient field verification and monitoring. These findings provide valuable insights for refining landslide identification processes, optimizing monitoring strategies, and enhancing risk assessment in post-earthquake environments.
Culturally relevant informal STEM learning for underserved students: effects of repeated exposure to the engineering design process
Authors: Barajas-Salazar Bianca E. , Almeida Melissa , Aguirre-Muñoz Zenaida , Viveros Maribel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study investigates the impact of repeated exposure to the Engineering Design Process (EDP) through culturally responsive STEM lessons, delivered in an informal science learning (ISL) setting to middle school students from underserved communities in California’s Central Valley.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative analysis of student journals and survey responses with quantitative analysis of pre- and post-survey data. The study focused on students’ STEM identity, self-efficacy, and perceptions of engineering knowledge.

Results

Qualitative findings highlighted key themes of problem-solving and understanding the EDP, demonstrating that students engaged deeply with the process. Quantitative results indicated significant improvements in students’ STEM identity, self-efficacy, and perceptions of engineering knowledge following repeated exposure to the EDP.

Discussion

These findings suggest that embedding the EDP within culturally relevant, hands-on ISL activities can effectively enhance students’ engagement with STEM subjects, foster stronger STEM identities, and address educational inequities.
Fatty acid metabolism influences the immune microenvironment in papillary thyroid cancer and identifies SCD as a novel biomarker
Authors: Shen Bingbing , Zhang Yu , Tie Yan
Published: February 2025

Background

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine tumor with a rapidly increasing incidence. While surgery and radioactive iodine treatment are effective for most patients, they impose significant economic and psychological burdens. Metabolic dysregulation, particularly in fatty acid metabolism (FAM), plays a critical role in cancer progression and immune responses. Identifying key FAM-related genes in PTC may provide valuable biomarkers and potential treatment candidates.

Materials and methods

We analyzed 309 FAM-related genes to build a prognostic signature. DEGs were identified and a multivariate Cox regression model was utilized to establish a robust prognostic signature, which was validated by evaluating its associations with clinical features, immune responses, and tumor progression. Lastly, we examined the expression of key FAM-related genes in PTC cell lines and assessed that silencing SCD disturbs the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PTC cells.

Results

We identified three key FAM-related genes, ACACB, ADH1B, and SCD, as significant prognostic markers. Immunological analysis uncovered that low-risk patients exhibited higher immune cell abundance and increased expression of immune checkpoints, indicating a better response to immunotherapy. In contrast, high-risk patients showed lower immune cell abundance and immune checkpoint expression, suggesting poorer immunotherapy outcomes. Experimental validation demonstrated that ACACB and ADH1B were downregulated, while SCD was upregulated in PTC cell lines. Furthermore, silencing SCD inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the pivotal role of FAM-related genes, particularly ACACB, ADH1B, and SCD, in the progression and immune regulation of PTC. The prognostic signature derived from these genes represents a valuable tool for predicting clinical outcomes and guiding personalized treatment strategies. Among these, SCD stands out as a promising therapeutic target for PTC, warranting further research to validate these findings and uncover its underlying molecular mechanisms.
A landslide susceptibility assessment method using SBAS-InSAR to optimize Bayesian network
Authors: Gao Xinyu , Wang Bo , Dai Wen , Liu Yuanmin
Published: February 2025

Landslide susceptibility assessment is crucial to mitigate the severe impacts of landslides. Although Bayesian network (BN) has been widely used in landslide susceptibility assessment, no study has compared the accuracy of different BN structure construction methods for this purpose. SBAS-InSAR technology plays a vital role in landslide research, but its advantages combined with BN to further improve prediction accuracy still need to be studied. This paper takes Hanyuan County as the study area. First, 20 traditional landslide impact factors were extracted from data such as topography and meteorology. A new method GDSP was designed to fuse GeoDetector and SHAP for dominant factor screening. Then, 8 different BN structure learning methods were compared using the AUC value of the ROC curve, among which Tabu&K2 method showed the highest accuracy. The deformation factor calculated by SBAS-InSAR is then incorporated into the BN model. The optimized Bayesian network (OPT-BN) outperformed the unoptimized version (ORI-BN) in accuracy, and the landslide susceptibility mapping was more reasonable. The reverse inference highlighted that areas with lower elevation, plow land, impervious cover, and higher rainfall are more prone to landslides. This method provides valuable insights into landslide hazard prevention and control and provides a new method for future landslide research.
Using climate vulnerability assessments to implement and mainstream adaptation by the forest industry into forest management in Canada
Authors: Andrews-Key Sheri Anne , Nelson Harry
Published: February 2025

Climate change is an increasing concern for forest managers and society as a whole. The impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems may limit the ability of forest managers to achieve sustainable forest management (SFM) objectives, and changes to management or practices may be required in response. While academic literature emphasizes the need for adaptation to climate change and proposes what kind of higher-level changes are required to facilitate that change, less attention has been paid to what forest managers need and their ability to implement adaptation. In this study, we describe a recent example of proactive climate change adaptation in Canada’s forest industry, the first instance in which a Canadian forest company operating within a publicly owned land base has undertaken a formal climate change adaptation planning process. We show how Mistik Management Ltd., a partnership between nine indigenous nations and a pulp and paper company, used a climate change vulnerability assessment framework to identify vulnerabilities and develop management strategies to mitigate climate risks while also changing management practices. We show how Mistik is mainstreaming climate change considerations into their management system and implementing it through changes in their management practices. At the institutional level, we found no substantive barriers to Canadian forestry firms seeking to incorporate adaptation into ongoing planning and management activities and suggest how the lessons from Mistik’s experiences can inform forest management adaptation policies and processes more generally, not only in Canada but elsewhere.
Antidrug antibodies to adalimumab do not associate with immunologically related adverse events
Authors: Tourdot Sophie , Vazquez-Abad Maria-Dolores , Cox Donna S. , Cai Chun-Hua , Wang Karen , Zhang Wuyan , Lepsy Christopher
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Unwanted immune responses (UIRs) to biologics can negatively impact treatment efficacy and pharmacokinetics and/or induce adverse events (AEs). We characterized the UIR profile of adalimumab (ADL) using data from a phase 3, randomized, interchangeability study of reference ADL (ADL-REF; Humira®) and ADL biosimilar PF-06410293 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Eligible patients (18−70 years, moderate-to-severe active RA) received ADL-REF from weeks 0−10 (lead-in period) then were randomized 1:1 to: 3 switches between PF-06410293 and ADL-REF or continuous ADL-REF treatment until week 32. As interchangeability of PF-06410293 with ADL-REF was previously demonstrated, data were combined across groups to describe the development of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) and their impact on pharmacokinetics and immunologically related AEs. Pharmacokinetic endpoints included maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax), area under serum concentration–time curve over dosing interval (AUCtau), time of maximum observed serum concentration (Tmax), average serum concentration (Cav), and apparent clearance (CL/F), determined from robust pharmacokinetic sampling during weeks 30–32; and predose concentrations (Ctrough) at prespecified sampling time points. Other endpoints: patients (%) with ADA-positive and neutralizing ADA (NAb)-positive samples, time of first ADA/NAb detected, ADA titers over time, persistence of ADA/NAb, and immunologically related AEs by ADA/NAb status.

Results

Of 427 randomized patients, 59% were ADA-positive, 52% had persistent ADA, 14% were NAb-positive, and 10% had persistent NAb. In most patients, ADA/NAb first developed within 16 weeks of ADL treatment regardless of pre-existing (baseline day 1) ADA. ADA/NAb titers stabilized by week 16 without boosters. Ctrough was lower in patients with ADA-positive than ADA-negative samples throughout the study. From weeks 30–32, AUCtau, Cmax, and Cav were lower in ADA-positive than ADA-negative samples at week 30, especially in patients with ADA-positive/NAb-positive samples. Only 3% of patients had immunologically related AEs. Most were injection site and hypersensitivity reactions, and none were considered severe or serious or associated with the presence of ADA/NAb. Presence of pre-existing ADA did not increase the potential for immunologically related responses to ADL.

Conclusions

Presence of ADA (with or without NAb) was associated with lower drug concentrations and faster clearance but not with the development of immunologically related AEs.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT0423021.
The various roles of TREM2 in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Shuai , Cao Chenghui , Peng Daoquan
Published: February 2025

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane immune receptor that is expressed mainly on macrophages. As a pathology-induced immune signaling hub, TREM2 senses tissue damage and activates immune remodeling in response. Previous studies have predominantly focused on the TREM2 signaling pathway in Alzheimer’s disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Recent research has indicated that TREM2 signaling is also activated in various cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding and the unanswered questions regarding the role of TREM2 signaling in mediating the metabolism and function of macrophages in atherosclerosis and various models of heart failure. In the context of atherosclerosis, TREM2 signaling promotes foam cell formation and is crucial for maintaining macrophage survival and plaque stability through efferocytosis and cholesterol efflux. Recent studies on myocardial infarction, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and hypertensive heart failure also implicated the protective role of TREM2 signaling in cardiac macrophages through efferocytosis and paracrine functions. Additionally, we discuss the clinical significance of elevated soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) in cardiovascular disease and propose potential therapies targeting TREM2. The overall aim of this review is to highlight the various roles of TREM2 in cardiovascular diseases and to provide a framework for therapeutic strategies targeting TREM2.
A new perspective on the regulation of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic strategies
Authors: He Kai-long , Yu Xian , Xia Lei , Xie Yan-dong , Qi En-bo , Wan Liang , Hua Xu-ming , Jing Chao-hui
Published: February 2025

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a specific subtype within the spectrum of stroke disorders, is characterized by its high mortality and significant risk of long-term disability. The initiation and progression of neuroinflammation play a central and critical role in the pathophysiology of ICH. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a protein complex involved in initiating inflammation, is the central focus of this article. Microglia and astrocytes play critical roles in the inflammatory damage process associated with neuroinflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is expressed within both types of glial cells, and its activation drives these cells toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which exacerbates inflammatory damage in the brain. However, the regulatory relationship between these two cell types remains to be explored. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia or astrocytes may provide an effective approach to mitigate neuroinflammation following ICH. This article first provides an overview of the composition and activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Subsequently, it summarizes recent research findings on novel signaling pathways that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Finally, we reviewed recent progress in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, highlighting the clinical translation potential of certain candidates. These inhibitors hold promise as innovative strategies for managing inflammation following ICH.
Gut microbiota is associated with persistence of longer-term BNT162b2 vaccine immunogenicity
Authors: Ng Ho Yu , Liao Yunshi , Cheung Ching Lung , Zhang Ruiqi , Chan Kwok Hung , Seto Wai-Kay , Leung Wai K. , Hung Ivan F. N. , Lam Tommy T. Y. , Cheung Ka Shing
Published: February 2025

Introduction

BNT162b2 immunogenicity wanes with time and we investigated association between gut microbiota and longer-term immunogenicity.

Methods

This cohort study prospectively recruited adult BNT162b2 two-dose recipients from three vaccination centers in Hong Kong. Blood samples were collected at baseline and day 180 after first dose, and tested for neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against receptor-binding domain (RBD) of wild type SARS-CoV-2 virus using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Shotgun DNA metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize baseline stool microbiome. Baseline metabolites were measured by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Primary outcome was persistent high NAb response (defined as top 25% of NAb level) at day 180. Putative bacterial species and metabolic pathways were identified using linear discriminant analysis [LDA] effect size analysis. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for clinical factors was used to derive adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of outcome with bacterial species and metabolites.

Results

Of 242 subjects (median age: 50.2 years [IQR:42.5-55.6]; male:85 [35.1%]), 61 (25.2%) were high-responders while 33 (13.6%) were extreme-high responders (defined as NAb≥200AU/mL). None had COVID-19 at end of study. Ruminococcus bicirculans (log10LDA score=3.65), Parasutterella excrementihominis (score=2.82) and Streptococcus salivarius (score=2.31) were enriched in high-responders, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was enriched in low-responders (score=-3.70). On multivariable analysis, bacterial species (R. bicirculans–aOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.02-3.51; P. excrementihominis–aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.18-4.18; S. salivarius–aOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.13-3.94) but not clinical factors associated with high response. R. bicirculans positively correlated with most metabolic pathways enriched in high-responders, including superpathway of L-cysteine biosynthesis (score=2.25) and L-isoleucine biosynthesis I pathway (score=2.16) known to benefit immune system. Baseline serum butyrate (aOR:10.00, 95% CI:1.81-107.2) and isoleucine (aOR:1.17, 95% CI:1.04-1.35) significantly associated with extreme-high vaccine response.

Conclusion

Certain gut bacterial species, metabolic pathways and metabolites associate with longer-term COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity.
Diazotroph-derived nitrogen release and transfer under varying light intensity: insights from co-culture studies
Authors: Hu Xiaohua , Wen Zuozhu , Luo Tingwei , Hong Haizheng
Published: February 2025

Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is a major source of new N to surface seawater, sustaining ocean productivity. However, the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN), specifically its release and transfer, and the factors controlling these processes, remain poorly understood. Here, we established stable co-cultures of the major diazotrophs, filamentous Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 and unicellular Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501, with the pico-cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. WH8102, to explore the intrinsic differences in DDN release and transfer between diazotroph strains. We found that T. erythraeum released similar amounts of DDN as C. watsonii, but had a significantly higher DDN transfer efficiency for supporting Synechococcus cell growth. These results implied a higher bioavailability of fixed N released by T. erythraeum than by C. watsonii. Additionally, we showed that elevated light levels significantly enhanced T. erythraeum DDN release and transfer. Our results provide new insights into the fate of N fixed by different diazotrophs and the environmental factors that control the process.
Climate-induced habitat suitability modelling for pelagic fish in European seas
Authors: Musimwa Rutendo , Standaert Ward , Stevens Martha , Fernández Bejarano Salvador Jesus , Muñiz Carlota , Debusschere Elisabeth , Pint Steven , Everaert Gert
Published: February 2025

Pelagic fish species, including Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring), Scomber scombrus (Atlantic mackerel) and Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass), are integral to the ecological stability of European marine ecosystems. This study employs a mechanistic niche modelling approach to predict the distribution of these key pelagic species in European seas and to assess the impact of predicted changes in climate conditions on their suitable habitat range. By using fuzzy logic principles and mathematical descriptions of species’ niches, we analysed responses to changing temperature and salinity using climate prediction data from six Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) scenarios, predicting habitat suitability from the present (2010-2019) until 2100. Under the worst-case temperature climate scenario, all three species exhibited a consistent northward shift of suitable habitats by 2100. Specifically, the suitable habitat for C. harengus, S. scombrus and D. labrax is projected to shift approximately 638 km, 799 km and 13 km north, respectively. The independent contributions of temperature and salinity indicate a distinction in habitat suitability between northern European waters and the Mediterranean Sea, with higher suitability scores in the north. For example, by 2100, the habitat suitability index for non-spawning Atlantic herring in the North Atlantic Ocean is projected to be 0.63 ± 0.3 under SSP5-8.5 compared to the current habitat suitability index of 0.49 ± 0.36, while the index is projected to 0.02 ± 0.003 in the Mediterranean Sea-Western Basin with the current index at 0.01 ± 0.03. These findings suggest that northern latitudes, encompassing regions such as the North Sea and the Baltic Sea currently offer more favorable conditions compared to the lower latitudes of the Mediterranean region. The study’s findings should guide policy decisions in environmental and marine resource management, ensuring interventions are based on up-to-date information and account for anticipated climate change impacts.
Spreading further: the first record of the alien bivalve Theora lubrica in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Machado Fabrizio Marcondes , Suga Cristiane Midori , Onodera Fabio Kiyoshi Camara , Melo Mariana Sousa , Viti Thais , Cavinatto Vilma Maria , Lammardo Ana Carolina da Rocha , Yonamine Carolina Yumi , Sáfadi Regina Sawaia , Nogueira-Junior Luis Antonio , Oliva Luiz Fernando Maciel
Published: February 2025

Biological invasions are globally recognized as one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. Over the past four decades, there has been significant progress in understanding the mechanisms of alien species introduction into marine and estuarine environments. It is currently known that although humans can spread non-native species in various ways (e.g. aquaculture, vessel biofouling and oil and gas activities), ballast water is one of the most effective being considered one of the main threats to marine biodiversity. This pathway also appears to be the main transport vector to explain the spread of the exotic bivalve Theora lubrica (or Asian Semele) since the late 1950s. In this study, we report for the first time the presence of Asian Semele in the Southwestern Atlantic, specifically along the Southeast coast of Brazil. Furthermore, we also provide new insights into shell morphology, gross anatomy and ecological aspects, as well as the updated global distribution of this invasive alien species.
Routine large-scale movements of the yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)
Authors: Rasmuson Leif K. , Blume Matthew T. O. , Lawrence Kelly A. , Laughlin Bruce M. , Edwards Christopher A. , Terwilliger Mark R. , Ayrea A. Camille , McInturf Alexandra G. , Legare Bryan J. , Chapple Taylor K.
Published: February 2025

Of the seven species of Pacific rockfish declared overfished in the California Current in 2008, yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) is the only remaining overfished rockfish species. Part of the original rebuilding plan included designation of a yelloweye rockfish conservation area, a rocky reef closed off the Central Coast of Oregon that is closed to bottom fishing. The yelloweye rockfish conservation area’s ability to help rebuild the population, is predicated on the theory that demersal rockfishes are relatively sedentary. However, in the years since being declared overfished, acoustic tagging studies suggested yelloweye rockfish did not remain in the yelloweye rockfish conservation area. However, where they went remained a mystery. In this paper we describe the use of pop-off satellite tags to conduct a mark-recapture study of 11 yelloweye rockfish tagged within the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area. We used back-in-time particle tracking coupled with an ocean circulation model in an attempt to increase the precision in the location at which each tag shed off the fish, and further validated that location by associating it to the underlying seafloor habitat type. Ten out of eleven tags were shed from the fish while it was outside the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area’s boundary. While most fish remained within 50 km of the Stonewall Bank Yelloweye Rockfish Conservation Area, one tagged fish swam to an offshore reef off Central Washington (~40 km from the shore). Backtracked locations were more likely over rock than the initial satellite transmission, indicating the method was effective at identifying tag shed locations. We found no relationship between days at large, fish sex or length and the distance between release site and shed location. Our work supports a growing body of work that suggests yelloweye rockfish have less site fidelity than previously hypothesized.
Collision avoidance method for unmanned ships using a modified APF algorithm
Authors: Li Lianbo , Wu Wenhao , Li Zhengqian , Wang Fangjie
Published: February 2025

The Artificial Potential Field (APF) algorithm has been widely used for collision avoidance on unmanned ships. However, traditional APF methods have several defects that need to be addressed. To ensure safe navigation with good seamanship and full compliance with the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREGS), this study proposes a dynamic collision avoidance method based on the APF algorithm. The proposed method incorporates a ship domain priority judgment encounter situation, allowing the algorithm to perform collision avoidance operations in accordance with actual operational requirements. To address path interference and unreachable target issues, a new attractive potential field function is introduced, dividing the attractive potential field of the target point into multiple segments simultaneously. Additionally, the repulsive force on the own ship is reduced when close to the target point. The results show that the proposed method effectively resolves path oscillation problems by integrating the potential field based on traditional APF with partial ideas from the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA). In comparison with traditional APF algorithms, the overall smoothing degree was improved by 71.8%, verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
The activation, clinical course, and clinical outcome of using an unconventional electrode configuration in a patient newly implanted with Inspire® therapy: a case report
Authors: Patel Ruchir P. , Rohrscheib Chelsie E.
Published: February 2025

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation therapy via the Inspire® implant is a common alternative to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy offers a high rate of successful treatment outcomes, the post-activation care pathway, which involves gradual titration of the amplitude to achieve both subjective and objective improvements, can be lengthy, ranging from 3 to 12 months post-activation. Here, we report a case of a 55-year-old man with severe obstructive sleep apnea and a history of hypertension who underwent successful activation and titration of the Inspire® implant to achieve subjective and objective relief within 8 weeks post-implantation and 5 weeks post-activation, using an unconventional starting electrode configuration. This case highlights the need for further exploration of alternative Inspire® activation and management protocols that may lead to improved patient outcomes and higher success rates.
Identification of CrDCL1-mediated microRNA biogenesis in green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Sun Ting , Tao Ming , Di Qinglang , Hu Zhangli , Li Hui , Lou Sulin
Published: February 2025

In eukaryotes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are generated by Dicer/Dicer-Like (DCL)-mediated cleavage. Previous studies identified three DCL genes (CrDCL1-3) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and indicated that CrDCL3 mediated the production of most miRNAs, while CrDCL1 protein was mainly involved in siRNA biogenesis. The role of CrDCL1 in miRNA biogenesis remains unclear. This study constructed a phylogenetic tree, performed structural analyses of Dicer/DCL proteins from multiple species and screened and verified dcl1 and dcl3 mutant strains. Using CC-5325 and dcl3 mutant as control groups, we performed sRNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, and Northern blot verification experiments on dcl1 mutant to explore the involvement of CrDCL1 in miRNA biogenesis in C. reinhardtii. The results demonstrated that CrDCL1 was involved in the production of 22 miRNAs, including cre-miR910, novel-miR01, novel-miR03, novel-miR04, novel-miR05, and novel-miR06, whose production was depended not only on CrDCL1 but also on CrDCL3. The present findings highlight the production of some C. reinhardtii miRNAs that may be involved in multiple CrDCL proteins, which is different from animals and plants. The results of this study will enrich the knowledge of miRNA biogenesis in eukaryotes.
Gut microbiota alterations in golden snub-nosed monkeys during food shortage and parturition-nursing periods
Authors: Lan Guanwei , Ma Rui , Zhou Yanshan , Lu Zhantao , Zhu Biqing , Liu Juan , Wu Wei , Zhang Yue , Liu Jiabin , Gu Haijun , Lin Jie , Wei Wei , Qi Dunwu
Published: February 2025

Adopting unique survival strategies during spring food shortages and simultaneous parturition and nursing is crucial for golden snub-nosed monkeys. Social behaviors, such as altruism within one-male units (OMUs), are decisive for family health, but the role of microbiota in regulating these behaviors remains unknown. We conducted the gut microbiota from members of 10 OMUs using 16S RNA sequencing technology. We found that in adult males, gut microbiota diversity significantly decreased in food shortages and parturition-nursing period. Meanwhile, there was a notable reduction in 12 metabolism-related pathways, including those related to carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipid. The gut microbiota of adult male monkeys shifts from being enriched with the genera Akkermansia in winter to the genera norank Muribaculaceae in spring. This transition alters the pathways for nutrient acquisition, thereby reducing the consumption of stored energy. In contrast, other OMU members (adult females and subadults) did not experience adverse effects on the metabolic functions of their gut microbiota during the food-scarce spring, which is also a critical period for parturition and lactation in adult females. This study elucidates the co-evolution of altruistic behavior and gut microbiota in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys, insights into the interaction mechanisms between mammalian microbiota and survival strategies.