bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for CPUL1, a novel antitumor candidate compound, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Lu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yanjun , Yuan Man , Chen Jiaqin , Xu Yifan , Jie Qiong , An Zhilong , Liao Jianmin , Liu Yunxin , Li Jun , Zhu Yubing , Zou Jianjun , Ge Chun , Feng Dong , Wang Ying
Published: October 2022

An active substance of pyrano[3,2‐a]phenazine, also called CPUL1, is a synthesized phenazine derivative and displays broad‐spectrum anticancer activities. Quantitative assessment of CPUL1 in biological samples has not been well established, hindering pharmaceutical development and application. According to international guidelines, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method in negative ion mode was developed and validated for quantification of CPUL1 in human plasma, colorectal cancer cell lines, and rat plasma, whereby linearity and accuracy were demonstrated for the range of 1–1000 ng/ml. The validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully employed in pharmacokinetic studies of CPUL1 in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the cellular pharmacokinetic behavior of CPUL1 varies in colorectal cancer cell lines. Regarding the pharmacokinetic processes in vivo, oral absorption was less effective than an injection, with a bioavailability of 23.66%. CPUL1 was linearly eliminated after a single administration; however, it could accumulate in tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) after multiple injections. In summary, this study established a capable bioanalytical method for CPUL1 and provided exploratory pharmacokinetic data, paving the way for use of this promising derivative in disease models.
Platelets lipidomics study of blood stasis rat model by using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Sun Mingqian , Li Ying , Hu Guang , Yang Huizhen , Zhang Guoyuan , Miao Lan , Zhang Ying , Lin Li , Liu Jianxun
Published: October 2022

This study analyzed a lipidomic profile of platelets from blood stasis rats by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The blood stasis rat was established by low‐dose continuous subcutaneous injection of adrenaline, and the evaluation indexes included hemorheology and platelet aggregation. Principal component analysis and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis were used to analyze platelet lipidomics, and p‐value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5, and variable importance plot > 2 were used to screen potential biomarkers. Then, the biomarkers were optimized by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Compared with the normal rat, the blood stasis model group's whole blood viscosity and platelet aggregation rate were also significantly increased at different shear rates (p < 0.05). Twenty‐four potential lipid biomarkers showed significant changes in platelets between the two groups. Among them, six long‐chain acylcarnitine components and three sphingosine components showed a consistent downward trend, suggesting that these two kinds of components may play an essential role in the process of platelet aggregation. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based lipidomics studies provide much information to understand the pathology of platelets in blood stasis.
Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development
Authors: Blount Quinton , Hernandez‐Morato Ignacio , Moayedi Yalda , Pitman Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) is a column of neurons in the medulla oblongata, involved in bulbar functions. Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and its receptors (GDNFR) is observed within the cell bodies during reinnervation following recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Little is known regarding GDNFR expression in the formation of the NAmb and the laryngeal innervation during embryogenesis. Understanding the timing and pattern of GDNFR expression in embryogenesis versus after RLN injury may provide insights into therapeutic targets for regeneration after RLN injury.

Study Design

Laboratory experiment.

Methods

Rat brainstems at E14.5/E16.5/E18.5/E20.5/adult were stained for GDNFR: GFRα‐1/GFRα‐2/GFRα‐3/Ret. Islet1 and choline acetyltransferase were used as cell body markers. Sections were observed using fluorescent microscopy and quantified through manual cell counting.

Results

Expression of GFRα‐1, GFRα‐3, and Ret was identified within the NAmb, hypoglossal, and facial nuclei of the adult medulla. During development, GFRα‐1 immunoreactivity was seen at E20.5. GFRα‐2 expression was not observed at any timepoint. GFRα‐3 expression began at E16.5. Ret expression within nerve fibers in the NAmb were observed beginning at E14.5, but never in the cell bodies.

Conclusion

Embryonic GDNFR expression in the NAmb differs from that of the adult after RLN injury. The developing brainstem experienced upregulation at discrete timepoints with signaling sustained through adulthood. In contrast, adult RLN‐transected rats experienced patterns of up and down regulation. GFRα‐1 may contribute to muscle targeting and neuromuscular junction maturation, GFRα‐3 may contribute to both, as well as axon guidance. It is likely that GDNF is functioning via a Ret‐independent pathway.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2240–2247, 2023
Abnormal Laryngopharyngeal Sensation in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Young VyVy N. , Kidane Joseph , Gochman Grant E. , Bracken David J. , Ma Yue , Rosen Clark A.
Published: October 2022

Background/Objectives

Laryngeal sensory abnormality has been implicated as a component of adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD). The study objective was to assess laryngopharyngeal sensation in AdLD utilizing a calibrated, tactile aesthesiometer to deliver differential stimuli to lateral pyriform sinus (LPS), aryepiglottic fold (AEF), and false vocal fold (FVF).

Methods

Patients with known Botox‐responsive AdLD underwent sensory testing using a previously‐validated methodology involving calibrated tactile stimuli (6–0, 5–0, 4.5–0, 4–0 nylon monofilaments). Laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) and participant‐rated perceptual strength of stimulI were evaluated. Responses were compared to normative controls (n = 33). Two‐samples, Mann–Whitney and Fisher exact tests compared mean strength ratings and LAR between AdLD and control groups. Mixed‐effects logistic regression and linear models assessed association of filament size, stimulus site, age, sex, and LD status on LAR and perceptual strength rating respectively.

Results

Thirteen AdLD patients (nine women, mean age 60+/−15 years) completed testing. Average LAR response rates were higher amongst all filament sizes in AdLD versus controls at LPS (56.3% vs. 35.7%) and AEF (96.1% vs. 70.2%) with comparable rates at FVF (90.2% vs. 91.7%). AdLD had 3.3 times the odds of observed LAR compared to controls (p = 0.005), but differences in subjective detection of stimuli, perceptual strength ratings, and cough/gag rates were insignificant on multivariate modeling (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This is the first study to objectively assess laryngopharyngeal sensation in AdLD. Findings demonstrated increased laryngopharyngeal sensation in AdLD compared to controls. The identification of increased laryngeal hypersensitivity in these patients may improve understanding of AdLD pathophysiology and identify future targets for intervention.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:2271–2278, 2023
Virtual planning and 3D‐printed guides for mandibular reconstruction: Factors impacting accuracy
Authors: Annino Donald J. , Sethi Rosh K. , Hansen Elisabeth E. , Horne Sylvia , Dey Tanujit , Rettig Eleni M. , Uppaluri Ravindra , Kass Jason I. , Goguen Laura A.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Examine accuracy and factors impacting accuracy for mandibular reconstruction with virtual surgical planning, 3D printed osteotomy guides and preoperatively bent mandibular reconstruction plate (VSP/3Dprinted‐guide/plate).

Method

Retrospective review of osseous‐free‐flap mandibular reconstructions with VSP/3Dprinted‐guide/plate between January 2015 and July 2020 at a single academic medical center.

Patient demographics, disease, and treatment variables were extracted. Accuracy was assessed by 3D‐model‐overlay with cephalometric and donor‐bone segment length measurements. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors impacting cephalometric accuracy.

Results

60 cases met criteria: 41 (68%) cancer, 14 (23%) osteoradionecrosis (ORN), 5 (8%) secondary mandibular reconstruction. Thirteen cases (22%) were Brown class III or IV. Thirty‐nine cases (65%) had ≥2 flap bone segments. Average donor‐bone length was 82 mm (SD: 28). 3D‐model‐overlay accuracy demonstrated minimal deviation between planned and actual reconstruction: intercondylar distance = 2.10 mm (SD: 2.2); intergonial distance = 2.23 mm (SD: 1.9); anterior–posterior distance (APD) = 1.76 mm (SD: 1.5); gonial angle (GA) = 3.11 degrees (SD: 2.4). Mean change in donor‐bone segment length inferiorly was 2.67 mm (SD: 2.6) and superiorly 3.27 mm (SD: 3.2). Higher number of donor‐bone segments was associated with decreased accuracy in GA (p = .023) and longer donor‐bone length was associated with decreased accuracy in APD (p = .031).

Conclusion

To our knowledge this is the largest series assessing surgical accuracy of VSP/3Dprinted‐guide/plate for osseous‐free‐flap mandibular reconstruction. We demonstrate highly accurate results, with increased number of donor‐bone segments and donor‐bone length associated with decreased accuracy. Our findings further support VSP/3Dprinted‐guide/plate as a reliable and accurate tool for mandibular reconstruction.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
Laryngeal complications after endotracheal intubation and prone positioning in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Aibara Shiori , Okada Masahiro , Tanaka‐Nishikubo Kaori , Asayama Rie , Sato Eriko , Sei Hirofumi , Aoishi Kunihide , Takagi Taro , Teraoka Masato , Mukai Naoki , Konishi Saki , Okita Mitsuo , Ogawa Siro , Annen Suguru , Ohshita Muneaki , Matsumoto Hironori , Murata Satoru , Harima Yutaka , Kikuchi Satoshi , Takeba Jun , Sato Norio , Hato Naohito
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Laryngeal complications have been reported after endotracheal intubation and prone positioning in patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but their association is unclear. In this study, we investigated the rate of laryngeal complications in patients with COVID‐19 compared to an alternative condition (control group).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 40 patients who underwent endotracheal intubation for either COVID‐19 or an alternative condition (control group). Data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, use of prone therapy, duration of endotracheal intubation, and duration from extubation/tracheostomy to laryngeal evaluation were collected from medical records.

Results

There were no significant differences in BMI, frequency of CVD risk factors, duration of endotracheal intubation, or duration from extubation/tracheostomy to laryngeal evaluation between the two groups. In the COVID‐19 group, all patients adopted the prone position. In comparison, only one patient in the control group adopted the prone position. Significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the incidence of vocal fold immobility and laryngeal granuloma.

Conclusion

Laryngeal complications were more common in the COVID‐19 group than in the control group. Prone positioning may be a risk factor for these complications.

Level of Evidence

4.
Dynamic Covalent Structure for the Design of Recyclable Polyurethane Based on the Diketone Chemistry
Authors: Bai Jing , Shi Zixing
Published: October 2022

Herein, the rational design of an enaminone compound is reported which can be easily and conveniently designed and obtained via the reaction of amine and diketone. The dynamic enaminoneamide structure is formed via the reaction between isocyanate and enaminone in fabricating a novel dynamic crosslinked polyurethane. The new kind of polyurethane can be efficiently recycled via the shifting between crosslinked structure and oligomer for the reversible dissociation of the enaminoneamide structure. Besides remolding itself via the thermal treatment, oligomers liberated from recycled‐polyurethane can directly take part in constructing a new polyurethane without further purification. Therefore, the recyclability of this polyurethane shows high‐value characteristics. The ease with which polyurethane can be produced, used, recycled, and reused without losing value offers a new green solution in designing sustainable polymer materials with a high economic value and a minimal environmental burden.
Ionic COF Composite Membranes for Selective Perfluoroalkyl Substances Separation
Authors: Zhang Wenxiang , Li Yinhui , Xing Zheng , Zhao Minghan , Fu Yu , Wang Shanshan , Wu Yue , Zeng Jiahui , Li Xiaoyu , Ma Heping
Published: October 2022

High‐performance membranes are critical to membrane separation technology. In recent years, 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of membrane separation due to their high porosity, ordered channels, and fine‐tuned pore sizes, which are considered as excellent candidate to solve the trade‐off between membrane selectivity and permeability. Herein, two kinds of ionic 2D COFs with different charge properties (termed as iCOFs) are integrated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrates to form two composite membranes (PAN@iCOFs) with excellent selective perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) separation performance with high solvent permeability and good mechanical properties. The as‐prepared PAN@iCOFs composite membranes can selectively reject more than 99.0% of positively and negatively charged PFASs in wastewater while maintaining good stability and recyclability.
Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yun , Yan Jianhua , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: October 2022

Electrospun nanofiber materials have the advantages of good continuity, large specific surface areas, and high structural tunability, which provide many desirable characteristics for lithium‐ion battery electrodes. Here, the principles and advantages of electrospinning technology are first elaborated, then the previous studies on high‐performance nanofibrous electrode materials prepared by electrospinning technology are comprehensively summarized, and the correlation between 1D nanostructured materials and electrode performances is discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges of nanofibrous electrodes are proposed and some future study directions of this particular area are pointed out. This review provides new enlightenment for the design of nanofibrous electrodes toward high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries.
Novel approach for the evaluation of dose conformity in radiotherapy
Authors: Kuperman Vadim Y. , Altundal Yücel
Published: October 2022

Purpose

We describe a new approach to evaluate conformity of dose distributions in radiotherapy.

Methods

The suggested conformity factor λ is defined by using existing conformity indices and expansion of the planning target volume (PTV). If the average distance () between the PTV and reference isodose surface and an arbitrarily selected PTV expansion margin () are both much smaller than the size of the PTV, then λ approximately equals the ratio . We use λ to analyze several cases of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Results

In the case of SRS with a single target or multiple targets, treatment plans produced with the help of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) have smaller λ than plans produced by using dynamic conformal arcs (DCA). Likewise, it is demonstrated that in the case of SBRT, λ is reduced by employing VMAT instead of DCA. It is also shown that if the distance between the reference isodose surface and surface of the PTV is fixed, λ varies less with variations in PTV volume compared to frequently used conformity indices.

Conclusions

The described conformity factor λ can be applied clinically to compare and rank treatment plans for lesions of different sizes. It is suggested that conditions and λ > 1 can be employed as “pass” and “fail” criteria, respectively, for dose conformity assessment with appropriate choice of .
Comparison of perceived general health status between suspected and confirmed cases of COVID‐19 and identifying the nursing diagnoses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Zhang Wei Qing , Yuan Fang , Kasa Ayele Semachew , Montayre Jed
Published: October 2022

Aim

This study aimed to examine the differences in health status between patients with confirmed COVID‐19 and those suspected (other diagnosis) and to identify nursing diagnoses using a structured checklist from a hospital in China.

Design

Cross‐sectional study design was used.

Methods

One hundred sixty COVID‐19 confirmed, and suspected patients were conveniently selected. A structured survey and checklist were utilized. Independent t test and chi‐square test were employed to compare the mean between patients with confirmed coronavirus infection and others. A two‐sided p‐value of .05 or less is considered statistically significant.

Results

The study yielded a response rate of 93.6%. The result indicated that patients with confirmed coronavirus infection have a higher proportion of perceived General Health Status than inpatients with suspected (other) diagnoses. The finding also indicated that ineffective airway clearance, hyperthermia, imbalanced nutrition less than body requirement and sleep pattern disturbance were the main nursing diagnoses identified.
Personal privacy VS. public safety: A hybrid model of the use of smart city solutions in fighting the COVID‐19 pandemic in Moscow
Authors: Revyakin Sergey A.
Published: October 2022

Technological advancements and big data have brought many improvements to smart city infrastructure. During the COVID‐19 outbreak, smart city technologies were considered one of the most effective means of fighting the pandemic. The use of technology, however, implies collecting, processing personal data, and making the collected data publicly available which may violate privacy. While some countries were able to freely use these technologies to fight the pandemic, many others were restricted by their privacy protection legislation. The literature suggests looking for an approach that will allow the effective use of smart city technologies during the pandemic, while complying with strict privacy protection legislation. This article explores the approach applied in Moscow, Russia, and demonstrates the existence of a hybrid model that might be considered a suitable tradeoff between personal privacy and public health. This study contributes to the literature on the role of smart city technologies during pandemics and other emergencies.
Improving thermal‐oxidative stability of nitrile butadiene rubber composites by surface modification of zirconium phosphate
Authors: Yang Qingshan , Chen Songbo , Gao Shengqi , Wan Songhan , He Xianru
Published: October 2022

Zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) was modified by o‐phenylenediamine (OPD) grafting to its surface, named ZPD, and used to improve thermal‐oxidative stability of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) by direct blending method. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction, and contact angle test, demonstrated that OPD was grafted to the surface of α‐ZrP successfully. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that OPD could effectively improve the interaction between α‐ZrP and NBR and a better the dispersion of α‐ZrP in the rubber matrix. The fracture strength of the NBR composites was increased by 3.3 Mpa with the addition of 3 phr ZPD fillers, respectively, compared with unmodified NBR/α‐ZrP composites. In addition, TGA, DMA, and FWO analysis showed ZPD fillers, combined lamellar barrier of α‐ZrP with radical trapping ability of OPD, could retard oxidative cross‐linking and fracture reaction of rubber chains, and improve the thermal‐oxidative aging resistance of the NBR composites. This work provides a practical and effective methodology for surface modification of α‐ZrP and preparation of high‐performance NBR composites.
Research progress on the application of tristate water in preparation of starch‐based foaming materials
Authors: Sun Gang , Zeng Guangsheng , Hu Can , Wang Mengli
Published: October 2022

Research on the preparation of starch‐based degradable foams by adding simple raw materials and using simple processes meets the requirements of modern society and market demand. Water is the most common raw material in daily life, its triple transformation is easy to achieve, and it has an important effect on many aspects of the starch foaming process. This paper presents the research results on the preparation of starch‐based foaming materials using water as an important raw material, summarizing the mechanism of the action of solid–liquid gaseous water in the plasticization, foaming, hydrophobic, and swelling processes. Water vapor fumigation of starch materials uses high temperatures to induce the inversion (or dehydration) of the hydroxyl groups distributed on the surface, reducing the water sensitivity of the starch foam surface. Finally, the development trend is analyzed and foreseen, in order to provide new ideas for the development of low‐cost methods to prepare degradable and environmentally friendly packaging materials.
Luminescent Materials Based on Aluminates: A Review
Authors: Revankar Sonali Gurunath , Gedekar Kailash Anandrao , Moharil Sanjiv Vasantrao
Published: October 2022

An aluminate is a compound containing an oxyanion of aluminum. Many aluminates are found in nature. A large number of phosphors that are used in various applications, such as scintillation detectors, optical thermometry, long‐lasting phosphorescence, solid‐state lighting, solid‐state lasers, upconversion, bioimaging, and plasma display panels, are based on aluminate formulae. This review focuses on the synthesis and characteristics of such phosphors. The conventional as well as novel methods of synthesizing these phosphors are reviewed. The emphasis on commercially important aluminate phosphors is discussed.
Event‐driven intermittent control for vehicle platooning over vehicular ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Liu Jing‐Xuan , Ding San‐Bo , Zhang Lei , Xie Xiang‐Peng
Published: October 2022

This article is concerned with the problem of vehicle platooning control over vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). Compared with the existing platooning control strategies, an event‐driven intermittent control method is developed to reduce control costs and extend the operating life of controllers while ensuring the desired platooning performance. By establishing suitable boundary functions and Lyapunov function, the control input is determined according to the relationship among the trajectories of these functions. Thereafter, sufficient conditions for platooning control performance analysis are derived by a set of linear matrix inequalities. Wherein, the vehicle platooning based on intermittent control is obtained to maintain the desired inter‐vehicle distance and a uniform speed in the platoon. Furthermore, a simple optimization algorithm is constructed to calculate the smallest upper bound on tracking errors. Finally, several simulations based on different topologies are provided to verify the validity of the proposed method.
Effect of Si Content on the Microstructures and Toughness in Heat‐Affected Zone of Offshore Engineering Steels with Mg Deoxidation
Authors: Pan Xiaoqian , Yang Jian , Zhang Yinhui , Li Rongbin
Published: October 2022

Herein, the effect of Si content on the microstructures and toughness in the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) with the heat input of 100 kJ cm−1 for Mg‐deoxidized offshore engineering steels is presented. For the matrix, increasing Si content coarsens the lath bainites (LBs) in HAZ due to the higher Ar3 and lower Ar1. Thus, the high‐angled grain boundary density (HAGBD) decreases from 0.88 to 0.53 μm−1, and the effective grain size increases from 10.6 to 18.3 μm. M–A constituents are transformed from dotted and filmed ones to the stringer and blocky ones, with the area fraction increasing from 2.9% to 5.6%. Among them, the stringer M–A particles are likely to debond from the matrix, while the blocky M–A particles tend to initiate cracks because the interfacial energy of stringer particles is lower than that of blocky ones. Accordingly, increasing Si content from 0.0003 to 0.120 wt% results in both the increased crack initiation probability by more M–A constituents with the larger size and the lowered crack propagation barrier by the smaller HAGBD, thereby reducing the HAZ toughness at −40 °C from 202 to 58 J.
Effects of Endogenous Cytokinin on Physicochemical Properties of Superior and Inferior Grain Starch in Rice
Authors: Chen Yinglong , Fang Wenchun , Chen Siming , Zhang Yong , Ansah Ebenezer Ottopah , An Gynheung , Xiong Fei , Wu Yunfei
Published: October 2022

Different grain positions on the rice panicle have asynchronous flowering phenomenon. The difference between superior and inferior grains not only affects the yield, but also restricts the quality of rice. In this study, the cytokinin‐related transgenic lines VIN3‐LIKE 2 (OsVIL2)‐OX (increased endogenous cytokinin content), Oryza sativa A‐type response regulator (OsRR1)‐OX, and Early heading date 1 (Ehd1)‐OX (B‐type response regulator) are used to analyze nutrient accumulation and starch physicochemical properties of superior and inferior grains from the physiological level. The research conclusions are as follows: The overexpression transgenic plants of OsVIL2, OsRR1, and Ehd1 result in an increase of average starch granule size and solubility, but decrease in apparent amylose content of superior and inferior grains, which further reduce the surface order of superior and inferior grains, and increase the relative crystallinity of superior grains. Increased cytokinin content possibly accelerates the accumulation of carbohydrates in superior and inferior grains by promoting the expression of OsRR1. In addition, Ehd1 might be the main gene that affects the production of inferior grains, and Ehd1 is also involved in the regulation of the surface order structure and crystallinity of starch from superior and inferior grains by cytokinin.
History and typification of the Pyrenean lily Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan (Liliaceae)
Authors: Compton James A.
Published: October 2022

Four illustrations and two herbarium specimens constitute what could be considered as original material for the name Lilium pyrenaicum Gouan. The history of this species, a full evaluation of each element of the original material and the importance of Linnaeus's discourse with Gouan concerning the species are fully discussed. One of the four illustrations, the engraving in Clusius cited by Gouan, is chosen as the lectotype for the name.
Resolution of chyloabdomen following the removal of a projectile causing a granuloma
Authors: Miguel‐Garcés Maria , Destri Alessandra , Kelly Darren , Quinn Robert
Published: October 2022

A 2‐year‐old female neutered crossbreed dog was referred for investigation of a 10‐day history of progressive abdominal distension. Diagnostic investigations included radiographs, abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) with lymphangiography. Fluid analysis was consistent with chylous effusion. CT revealed a metal object embedded in an ovoid homogenous soft tissue attenuating lesion, located ventral to the aorta and surrounding the roots of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries. At exploratory laparotomy the metallic object (projectile) was identified and retrieved under fluoroscopic guidance. Four weeks following the surgery, the abdominal distention resolved and the physical exam was unremarkable. Chyloabdomen is a rare presentation which usually carries a guarded prognosis. This is the first case report of chyloabdomen due to a foreign body granuloma, which showed that an excellent outcome can be achieved following the removal of the underlying cause.
A review on fish‐borne zoonotic parasites in Iran
Authors: Hajipour Nasser , Valizadeh Hadi , Ketzis Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Background

Fish is a great nutritious food and provides quality protein and a variety of vitamins and minerals. This contributes significantly to the economy and food security in Iran. However, there are safety concerns related to the presence of zoonotic parasites.

Objectives

The objective of this study is, therefore, to review fish‐borne zoonotic parasites in Iran.

Methods

Keywords such as fish‐borne, parasites, zoonotic, Iran, and some names of fish‐borne zoonotic parasites were searched in databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization.

Results

The most common fish‐borne parasites with zoonotic potential identified in reports in the literature were the protozoaBalantidiumspp.,Myxobolusspp. andSarcosystissp.; the trematodesHeterophyes heterophyesandClinostomum complanatum; the cestodesLigula intestinalisandDiphyllobothrium latum; the nematodesPseudoterranovasp.,Anisakisspp.,Contracaecumspp.,Raphidascaris spp.,Eustrongylidesspp. andCapillariasp.; and the acanthocephalCorynosomaspp.

Conclusions

The potential risk factors for the transmission of fish‐borne zoonotic parasites to humans are consumption of raw or undercooked infected fish, contact with contaminated water and contact with infected fish. There is a need for epidemiological surveillance of fish for parasites with zoonotic potential and of occurrence of infections in humans to better understand the public health significance and design prevention programs.
Fusobacterium necrophorumandActinomycesspp. masseter muscle abscessation in an adult alpaca
Authors: Poza Marta Nieto , Connolly Niall , Isgren Cajsa , Talbot Alison
Published: October 2022

There are few documented cases of facial abscesses due to masseter abscess formation in South American camelids. Facial swellings in South American camelids have been reported and are frequently due to apical tooth root infections. Masseter abscess has been described in people. However, this lesion has not previously been described in South American camelids. This case report describes the clinical signs, diagnostic procedures and pathological findings in adult male Huacaya alpaca suffering from a masseter abscess caused byFusobacterium necrophorumandActinomycesspp. The mass was delimited by computed tomography and removed under general anaesthesia. The histopathology of the mass revealed severe focally extensive suppurative inflammation, which infiltrated and effaced the skeletal muscle. Bacterial cultures revealed that the abscess was caused byFusobacterium necrophorumandActinomycesspp. Once removed, the alpaca was started on antimicrobial therapy and did fully recover at the farm.
Estimation of power performances and flow characteristics for a Savonius rotor by vortex particle method
Authors: Pan Jingna , Ferreira Carlos , van Zuijlen Alexander
Published: October 2022

This study investigates the implementation of the vortex particle method (VPM) with the goal of efficiently and accurately estimating the power performances and flow characteristics for a Savonius rotor. The accuracy and efficiency of simulation methods are critical for the reliable design of Savonius rotors. Among various approaches, VPM is chosen because it can be flexibly incorporated with self‐correction techniques, and the distribution of bound vortex particles can effectively represent complex geometries. In this work, a double‐trailing‐edge‐wake‐modeling vortex particle method (DTVPM) is presented to extend the working range of VPM for dealing with large rotating amplitudes and high tip speed ratios (TSRs). DTVPM addresses asymmetrical torque predictions for a Savonius rotor without gap width. However, DTVPM performs poorly at high TSRs due to the absence of viscous effects near the surface. To capture complex wake structures, such as reverse flow structures, the viscous correction for tip vortices is suggested. The current research focuses on the implementation and validation of DTVPM for predicting torque coefficients and wake patterns, as well as comparisons to OpenFOAM results. Two‐dimensional and incompressible flow is estimated at
 = 0.2–1.2. For the studied cases, a maximum power coefficient is obtained at
, consistent with published experimental data. In addition, the process of trailing‐edge vortices generation and detachment is captured by DTVPM. The comparison results between OpenFOAM and DTVPM show that DTVPM allows to efficiently simulate a Savonius rotor without any empirical parameters. DTVPM will help to improve existing engineering models for wind energy fields.
Celebrity Mental Health: Intimacy, Ordinariness, and Repeated Self-Transformation
Authors: Thelandersson Fredrika
Published: October 2022

Celebrities are an important part of the pop cultural landscape and the ways they approach mental health function as models for how to think about such issues in culture at large. This chapter explores how mental illness has been talked about in celebrity discourse during the 2010s. I delineate the shift in celebrity media from outside speculation about what ailments a star might suffer from to a climate where celebrities themselves speak firsthand about their painful experiences. Part of this was a changing media landscape broaching increasingly intimate topics as authenticity has become one of the most valued aspects of celebrity branding. The primary focus is on the celebrity health narratives of Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez, but I also discuss Lana del Rey, Britney Spears, and the spate of “trainwreck”- celebrity coverage of 2007-2008. The analysis of these health narratives shows how a profitable vulnerability and supportive conversations around mental distress exist in tension with each other in the world of celebrity media.
Dimensions of Assessment in Online and Open Education in Terms of Purpose, Function and Theory
Authors: Hickey Daniel T. , Harris Tripp , Lee Hyejeong
Published: October 2022

This chapter considers the assessment of learning in open, distance, and digital education. To add new insights to the extensive body of relevant prior research literature, the chapter uses two “dimensions” of assessment to summarize and extend this work. The first dimension is assessmentfunction.This includes traditionalsummativefunctions (“assessmentoflearning”), modernformativefunctions (“for learning”), and contemporarytransformativefunctions (“aslearning”). This also includes recently introducedconformativefunctions (“ascompliance”) anddeformativefunctions (“assabotage”). The second dimension istheory of learning.This includesdifferential, cognitive-associationist, cognitive-constructivist,andsituative/socioculturaltheories. This chapter pays particular attention to how these dimensions interact with each other in complex (and often unanticipated) ways, and briefly considers how they interact with two other dimensions (itemformatand assessmentlevel,as elaborated elsewhere) in open, distance, and digital education.
Unpolarized transverse momentum distributions from a global fit of Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering data
Authors:   The MAP Collaboration, Bacchetta Alessandro , Bertone Valerio , Bissolotti Chiara , Bozzi Giuseppe , Cerutti Matteo , Piacenza Fulvio , Radici Marco , Signori Andrea
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We present an extraction of unpolarized transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions based on more than two thousand data points from several experiments for two different processes: semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan production. The baseline analysis is performed using the Monte Carlo replica method and resumming large logarithms at N3LL accuracy. The resulting description of the data is very good (χ2/Ndat = 1.06). For semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, predictions for multiplicities are normalized by factors that cure the discrepancy with data introduced by higher-order perturbative corrections.
Holographic complexity of LST and single trace $$ T\overline{T} $$, $$ J\overline{T} $$ and $$ T\overline{J} $$ deformations
Authors: Katoch Gaurav , Mitra Swejyoti , Roy Shubho R.
Published: October 2022

Abstract

This work is an extension of our previous work [1] where we exploited holography to compute the complexity characteristics of Little String Theory (LST), a nonlocal, nongravitational field theory which flows to a local 2d CFT in the IR under RG via an integrable irrelevant $$ \left(T\overline{T}\right) $$

T

T
¯

deformation. Here we look at the more general LST obtained by UV deforming the 2d CFT by incorporating Lorentz violating irrelevant $$ J\overline{T} $$
J

T
¯

and $$ T\overline{J} $$
T

J
¯

deformations on top of $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, in an effort to capture the novel signatures of Lorentz violation (on top of nonlocality) on quantum complexity. In anticipation of the fact that the dual field theory is Lorentz violating, we compute the volume complexity in two different Lorentz frames and the comparison is drawn between the results. It turns out that for this system the nonlocality and Lorentz violation effects are inextricably intertwined in the UV divergence structure of the quantum complexity. The coefficients of the divergences carry the signature of Lorentz boost violation. We also compute the subregion complexity which displays a (Hagedorn) phase transition with the transition point being the same as that for the phase transition of entanglement entropy [2]. These new results are consistent with our previous work [1]. Null warped AdS3 is treated as special case of interest.
Combinatoric topological string theories and group theory algorithms
Authors: Ramgoolam Sanjaye , Sharpe Eric
Published: October 2022

Abstract

A number of finite algorithms for constructing representation theoretic data from group multiplications in a finite group G have recently been shown to be related to amplitudes for combinatoric topological strings (G-CTST) based on Dijkgraaf-Witten theory of flat G-bundles on surfaces. We extend this result to projective representations of G using twisted Dijkgraaf-Witten theory. New algorithms for characters are described, based on handle creation operators and minimal multiplicative generating subspaces for the centers of group algebras and twisted group algebras. Such minimal generating subspaces are of interest in connection with information theoretic aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence. For the untwisted case, we describe the integrality properties of certain character sums and character power sums which follow from these constructive G-CTST algorithms. These integer sums appear as residues of singularities in G-CTST generating functions. S-duality of the combinatoric topological strings motivates the definition of an inverse handle creation operator in the centers of group algebras and twisted group algebras.
Universal lifting in the D1-D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Hughes Marcel R. R. , Mathur Samir D. , Mehta Madhur
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We consider D1-D5-P states in the untwisted sector of the D1-D5 orbifold CFT where one copy of the seed CFT has been excited with a left-moving superconformal primary. Despite being BPS at the orbifold point, such states can ‘lift’ as the theory is deformed away from this point in moduli space. We compute this lifting at second order in the deformation parameter for arbitrary left-moving dimension h of this class of states. This result displays an interesting universality since the lifting does not depend on the details of the superconformal primary; it depends only on the dimension. In the large-dimension limit the lift scales as $$ \sqrt{h} $$

h

; it is observed that such scaling appears to be a universal property of the lift of D1-D5-P states.
Monojet signatures from gluino and squark decays
Authors: Lara Iñaki , Buanes Trygve , Masełek Rafał , Nojiri Mihoko M. , Rolbiecki Krzysztof , Sakurai Kazuki
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We study the monojet and dijet channels at the LHC as a tool for searching for squarks and gluinos. We consider two separate R-parity conserving supersymmetric scenarios. In the first scenario we postulate a large mass hierarchy between squarks ($$ \overset{\sim }{q} $$

q
~

) and winos ($$ \overset{\sim }{W} $$

W
~

), and wino-like neutralino is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The associated squark-wino production, pp →$$ \overset{\sim }{q}\overset{\sim }{W} $$

q
~

W
~

, then leads to a monojet-like signature, where the high pT jet is originated from the squark decay, $$ \overset{\sim }{q} $$

q
~

→ q + $$ \overset{\sim }{W} $$

W
~

. We demonstrate that this associated production, as well as the pp →$$ \overset{\sim }{W}\overset{\sim }{W} $$

W
~

W
~

+ jets production, have a significant impact on the exclusion limit in the squark-neutralino mass plane. The second scenario postulates that the lighter of the squark and gluino is only a few GeV heavier than the LSP neutralino. The associated squark-gluino production, pp →$$ \overset{\sim }{q}\overset{\sim }{g} $$

q
~

g
~

, then leads to a distinctive monojet signature, where the high pT jet is produced from the decay of the heavier coloured particle into the lighter one ($$ \overset{\sim }{q} $$

q
~

→ q+$$ \overset{\sim }{g} $$

g
~

for $$ {m}_{\tilde{q}} $$

m

q
~

>$$ {m}_{\tilde{g}} $$

m

g
~

and $$ \overset{\sim }{g} $$

g
~

→ q+$$ \overset{\sim }{q} $$

q
~

for $$ {m}_{\tilde{g}} $$

m

g
~

>$$ {m}_{\tilde{q}} $$

m

q
~

). The lighter coloured particle is effectively regarded as an invisible particle since the decay products are soft due to the approximate mass degeneracy. We recast existing monojet and dijet analyses and find a non-trivial exclusion limit in the squark-gluino mass plane in this scenario.
Non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic scaling limits of multimetric gravity
Authors: Ekiz Ertuğrul , Kasikci Oguzhan , Ozkan Mehmet , Senisik Cemal Berfu , Zorba Utku
Published: October 2022

Abstract

We present a method of contraction that can be applied to re-construct the recent extended non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic algebras as well as corresponding action principles. The methodology involves the use of multiple copies of Poincaré algebra. Consequently, the contraction defines non-relativistic or ultra-relativistic limits of multimetric theories of gravity. In particular, we show that the non-relativistic scaling limit of bi-metric gravity corresponds to the recent formulation of an action principle for Newtonian gravity with a constant background mass density.
Lost in promiscuity? An evolutionary and biochemical evaluation of HSD10 function in cardiolipin metabolism
Authors: Wohlfarter Yvonne , Eidelpes Reiner , Yu Ryan D. , Sailer Sabrina , Koch Jakob , Karall Daniela , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Amberger Albert , Hillen Hauke S. , Zschocke Johannes , Keller Markus A.
Published: October 2022

Multifunctional proteins are challenging as it can be difficult to confirm pathomechanisms associated with disease-causing genetic variants. The human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) is a moonlighting enzyme with at least two structurally and catalytically unrelated functions. HSD10 disease was originally described as a disorder of isoleucine metabolism, but the clinical manifestations were subsequently shown to be linked to impaired mtDNA transcript processing due to deficient function of HSD10 in the mtRNase P complex. A surprisingly large number of other, mostly enzymatic and potentially clinically relevant functions have been attributed to HSD10. Recently, HSD10 was reported to exhibit phospholipase C-like activity towards cardiolipins (CL), important mitochondrial phospholipids. To assess the physiological role of the proposed CL-cleaving function, we studied CL architectures in living cells and patient fibroblasts in different genetic backgrounds and lipid environments using our well-established LC–MS/MS cardiolipidomic pipeline. These experiments revealed no measurable effect on CLs, indicating that HSD10 does not have a physiologically relevant function towards CL metabolism. Evolutionary constraints could explain the broad range of reported substrates for HSD10 in vitro. The combination of an essential structural with a non-essential enzymatic function in the same protein could direct the evolutionary trajectory towards improvement of the former, thereby increasing the flexibility of the binding pocket, which is consistent with the results presented here.
Proteome alterations during clonal isolation of established human pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Bernhard P. , Feilen T. , Rogg M. , Fröhlich K. , Cosenza-Contreras M. , Hause F. , Schell C. , Schilling O.
Published: October 2022

Clonal isolation is an integral step of numerous workflows in genome editing and cell engineering. It comprises the isolation of a single progenitor cell from a defined cell line population with subsequent expansion to obtain a monoclonal cell population. This process is associated with transient loss of cell–cell contacts and absence of a multicellular microenvironment. Previous studies have revealed transcriptomic changes upon clonal isolation with cell line specific extent. Since transcriptome alterations are only partially reflected on the proteome level, we sought to investigate the impact of clonal isolation on the cellular proteome to a depth of > 6000 proteins in three established pancreatic cancer cell lines. We show that clonal isolation does have an impact on the cellular proteome, however, with cell line specific extent, affecting different biological processes, and also depending on the isolation method. We demonstrate a different impact of clonal isolation on mesenchymal- and epithelial-derived cell lines mainly affecting cell proliferation, metabolism, cell adhesion and cellular stress. The results bear relevance to the field of genomic editing and cell engineering and highlight the need to consider the impact of clonal isolation when interpreting data stemming from experiments that include this step.
Wood modification with phenol urea formaldehyde (PUF) resin: the influence of wood species selection on the dimensional stability
Authors: Kupfernagel Carlo , Spear Morwenna J. , Pitman Andrew J. , Ormondroyd Graham A.
Published: October 2022

Wood modification is an excellent way to improve material properties, prolong service life, and pave the way for new applications for timber in the built environment. The aim of this study is to establish the influence of wood species in the modification process with phenol urea formaldehyde resin. Seven hardwoods and four softwoods were compared in an identical treatment. Since the wood species is the main variable, the study provides a clear insight as to its influence on modification—something not previously investigated. Small wood blocks of all eleven species were impregnated with low-molecular weight phenol urea formaldehyde resin and were subsequently heat-cured at 150 °C. Mass and dimensions of specimens were carefully monitored throughout three cycles of oven-drying and water-soaking to determine anti-swelling efficiency, bulking coefficient, and swelling coefficient. The results showed a clear relationship between density, bulking-, and swelling coefficients. Beyond this well-known relationship it was observed that species with similar density (e.g., lime and sycamore) had significantly different bulking coefficients and anti-swelling efficiencies. Reasons for these differences, which are independent of density, are discussed. The soaking solution was analysed to determine the nature of leached substances showing a correlation between the amount of leachate and the UV-absorbance (272 nm) of the solution.