bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resurrection of the Body: Continuity in Christ through Death in Christ
Authors: Norman David J.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the question of when the resurrection of the body begins. Matthew 27:51–53 testifies to the resurrection of bodies on Good Friday; and 2 Corinthians 5:1 speaks of those who die in Christ receiving a building/body from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. Eternal life begins for Christians with baptism into Christ’s death; they become members of his Body, the Church. Through the presence of Christ’s Spirit, our bodies undergo a spiritual transformation up to the moment of death. Those who die in Christ pass from resurrected life in the physical body to the fullness of resurrected life at death in Christ’s spiritual body. Whether one is in the (physical) body and away from the Lord or with the Lord and away from the (physical) body, one remains in Christ.
Wolfhart Pannenberg, Openness to the World, and the Sensus Divinitatis
Authors: Hollingsworth Andrew
Published: June 2021

One of the foundational concepts for Wolfhart Pannenberg’s theological anthropology is his notion of ‘openness to the world.’ Openness to the world, according to Pannenberg, is essential to human identity in that one’s identity is established in their openness to the world, to the other, and, ultimately, to God. I aim to bring Pannenberg’s openness to the world into dialogue with the concept of the sensus divinitatis as articulated by John Calvin and further developed by Alvin Plantinga. The question driving this paper is whether or not Pannenberg’s openness to the world can rightly be understood as the sensus divinitatis, and, if so, what might be some benefits of it. I conclude that Pannenberg’s understanding of openness to the world is a fruitful way of understanding the sensus divinitatis and a fruitful way of arguing for and explaining humanity’s innate knowledge of God.
Feedback From Medical and Biology Students on Distance Learning: Focus on a Useful Interactive Software, Wooclap®
Authors: Marin Julie , Brichler Ségolène , Lecuyer Hervé , Carbonnelle Etienne , Lescat Mathilde
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic has prompted all universities to completely change their teaching in a very rapid way around the world. In France, most of the university courses for the year 2020 had to be delivered at distance. This can be an opportunity for some to rethink the place and the form of distance learning (DL). We present here the feedback of students about DL, who answered a questionnaire about classes they followed between October and December 2020. In addition, we evaluated the use and utility of an audience response system promoting interaction. Our results showed that overall the organization and internet connections allowed DL to run smoothly. Interestingly, all students were in favor of the development of a mixed solution, with distant lectures and face-to-face practical lessons. Finally, the use of interactive software such as Wooclap® has proven to be easy to use and to develop for all lessons.
Labial adhesions in a pre-pubertal girl: The importance of awareness
Authors: Goutham Krishna TC , Sagili Haritha , Jayalakshmi D
Published: June 2021

Labial adhesion affects up to 0.6–5% of pre-pubertal girls. They may be congenital or acquired. Patients usually are asymptomatic, and thus, labial adhesions are found incidentally on routine examination. If the patient is indeed truly asymptomatic, there is no need for any treatment, and reassurance only is needed. When treatment is indicated, topical application of oestrogen cream is advised, but when this fails, surgical intervention is recommended. Recurrence is common regardless of the treatment. We present the case of a three-year-old girl managed by release of adhesions under topical anaesthesia and topical application of oestrogen cream.
Twitter-Mediated Enterprise–Customer Communication: Case of Electricity Distribution Services in a Developing Country
Authors: Opesade Adeola O.
Published: June 2021

Studies have shown that electric power supply failures can induce customers’ use of media for electric power–related communications. Nigeria is a country with considerably active users of social media but also with incessant electric power outages. However, no known study has been carried out on Nigeria’s electric power–related communications based on social media data. The present study investigated comparatively, the behaviors of companies and customers, in their use of Twitter for enterprise–customer communication on electric power distribution services in Nigeria. Using the data-driven science methods, the study revealed that both companies and customers use Twitter to disseminate information on electric power distribution in Nigeria. Companies’ corpora feature higher percentages of retweets while customers’ corpora feature higher percentages of direct public responses (@replies). The study also revealed a disjoint in the expectations of the companies and customers in their use of Twitter for communicating electric power distribution matters. While companies appear to leverage on the information sharing ability of the medium, customers appear to perceive it as a tool for accessing improved service delivery. The study recommends that Nigeria’s electric power distribution companies should incorporate Twitter into the customer service operation of their companies. This will enable information to get to the set of people who will process customers’ complaints as soon as possible.
Interlocking birch plywood structures
Authors: Aranha Chrysl A , Hudert Markus , Fink Gerhard
Published: June 2021

Interlocking Particle Structures (IPS) are geometrically stable assemblies, usually fabricated from plate type elements that are interconnected by slotted joints. IPS are demountable and their components have the potential to be used and reused in different structures and configurations. This paper explores the applicability of birch plywood panels, which are characterized by a high surface hardness, for this type of structural system. Experimental tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of birch plywood plates. Moreover, IPS connections with different geometrical properties were investigated for two different load exposures: bending and rotation. The characteristics under bending exposure are influenced by the orientation of the face-veneers. For the rotational load exposure, very small strength and stiffness properties have been identified. A linear elastic finite element model is presented that shows a wide agreement with the test results. The study serves as an initial probe into the performance of IPS structures at the component level. Various aspects that are relevant for the design of IPS, such as the assembly, the accuracy and challenges regarding digital fabrication, the durability, and the structural performance are discussed.
Developing Preliminary Scales for Assessing the HiTOP Detachment Spectrum
Authors: Zimmermann Johannes , Widiger Thomas A. , Oeltjen Lara , Conway Christopher C. , Morey Leslie C.
Published: June 2021

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical-based classification of psychopathology. Detachment is one of the six spectra in the current HiTOP working model. The aim of this study was to develop preliminary scales for the HiTOP Detachment spectrum that can be used in the next phase of developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP. We had 456 participants from MTurk (Sample 1) and 266 university students (Sample 2) complete an online survey including a pool of 247 Detachment items assessing 15 consensually defined low-order constructs. Using a stepwise procedure involving factor analyses and ant colony optimization methods, we developed seven 8-item scales that capture unipolar facets of Detachment: anhedonia, suspiciousness, social withdrawal, intimacy avoidance, unassertiveness, risk aversion, and restricted affectivity. Three other 8-item scales emerged that tapped into a Maladaptive Extraversion construct (attention-seeking, thrill-seeking, and domineering), which was mostly unrelated to unipolar Detachment in factor analyses. The 10 scales were unidimensional, reliable, and showed some evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. We discuss challenges of assessing Detachment when moving forward with developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP.
Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, and Sexual Harassment Victimization Among Girls on an Indian Reservation: An Examination of Rates and Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Siller Laura , Leader Charge Damon , Bordeaux Simone , Leader Charge Leon
Published: June 2021

We documented the scope and correlates of past 6-month victimization among middle and high school girls on an Indian Reservation. Participants were 102 Native American girls in Grades 6-12. Rates of all forms of past 6-month victimization were higher for high school girls compared with middle school girls. In regression analyses, binge drinking related to higher rates of sexual assault and sexual harassment. Furthermore, connection to culture related to lower rates of sexual harassment, and efficacy to resist a sexual assault was related to lower rates of sexual assault and sexual harassment.
Electromechanical fields in a hollow piezoelectric cylinder under non-uniform load: flexoelectric effect
Authors: Hrytsyna Olha
Published: June 2021

The relations of a local gradient non-ferromagnetic electroelastic continuum are used to solve the problem of an axisymmetrical loaded hollow cylinder. Analytical solutions are obtained for tetragonal piezoelectric materials of point group 4 mm for two cases of external loads applied to the body surfaces. Namely, the hollow pressurized cylinder and a cylinder subjected to an electrical voltage V across its thickness are considered. The derived solutions demonstrate that the non-uniform electric load causes a mechanical deformation of piezoelectric body, and vice versa, the inhomogeneous radial pressure of the cylinder induces its polarization. Such a result is obtained due to coupling between the electromechanical fields and a local mass displacement being considered. In the local gradient theory, the local mass displacement is associated with the changes to a material’s microstructure. The classical theory does not consider the effect of material microstructure on the behavior of solid bodies and is incapable of explaining the mentioned phenomena. It is also shown that the local gradient theory describes the size-dependent properties of piezoelectric nanocylinders. Analytical solutions to the formulated boundary-value problems can be used in conjunction with experimental data to estimate some higher-order material constants of the local gradient piezoelectricity. The obtained results may be useful for a wide range of appliances that utilize small-scale piezoelectric elements as constituting blocks.
Analysis of RAGE Proteome and Interactome in Lung Adenocarcinoma Using PANTHER and STRING Databases
Authors: Downs Charles A.
Published: June 2021

Adenocarcinoma accounts for about 40% of all lung cancers. Histological studies indicate a loss of expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) in lung adenocarcinoma cells compared to neighboring non-malignant tissue. Gene silencing of RAGE in human lung adenocarcinoma cells was performed and then cells were subjected to LC-MS/MS ( n = 3, FDR < 1%). Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using the PANTHER Classification System and STRING Interactome, identifying functions and protein-protein interaction networks. We observed expression of dominant-negative (DN−) RAGE, an isoform lacking the critical intracellular signaling tail observed in the full length (FL−) RAGE. Proteomic analysis suggests DN-RAGE likely plays a crucial role in cell polarity, metastases, and in cell-cell or cell-matrix complexes through focal adhesion or adherens junction formation. DN-RAGE may also regulate the expression of FL-RAGE and may provide a “switch” that could transition from a pro-inflammatory to a migratory cell as vimentin expression increased along with a reduction in cell polarity proteins. STRING interactome analysis identified seven protein–protein interaction networks involved in the regulation of gene expression, cell organization, cytoskeletal changes, sub-membrane plaque formation, as well as cytokinesis, cell shape, and motility. Suggesting expression of DN-RAGE may contribute to metastases and the development of advanced cancer.
Publication trends in clinical ophthalmology journals in the last decade
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Souied Eric , Saeed Peerooz , Ben Simon Guy , Gildener-Leapman Juliana , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Khatib Nur , Dray Jean-Paul
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

To examine the absolute number and the proportions of articles published in general high-ranked ophthalmology journals for each ophthalmic subspecialty during the last decade, and to examine the publishing trends over the study period.

Methods:

All original articles published between January 2010 and December 2019 in the selected general clinical ophthalmic journals were included in the study. All abstracts of original articles were reviewed and deemed to be related to 1 of the 11 ophthalmic subspecialties.

Results:

Six journals and 10,232 abstracts were reviewed. Articles focused on medical retina were the most common in the last decade (35.22%) while articles focused on strabismus were the least common (2.11%). The total number of articles published per year decreased during the last decade ( p  <  0.01). There was a significant reduction in the number of publications per year focused on anterior-chamber ( p =  0.012), cataract and refractive-surgeries ( p =  0.014), oculoplastic ( p  <  0.01), and strabismus ( p =  0.011). In each year during the last decade, the highest proportion of publications was focused on medical retina while the lowest proportion of publications in most of the years was focused on strabismus. There was a significant decrease during the years in the proportion of articles focused on oculoplastic ( p  <  0.01).

Conclusions:

During the last decade, there have been differences in the proportion of publications of different ophthalmology subspecialties in high impact factor journals. This probably derives from demographic changes and advances in diagnosis and treatment. The proportion of articles focused on medical retina was the highest during all years while the proportion of articles focused on strabismus was consistently the lowest.
Availability of ‘Do-It-Yourself’ orthodontics in the United Kingdom
Authors: Carter Annabelle , Stokes Susan
Published: June 2021

Objective:

To identify the number of companies providing Do-It-Yourself (DIY) orthodontics and explore information available on websites for DIY brace providers operating in the UK.

Design:

Web search and review of websites providing DIY braces.

Setting:

Leeds, UK.

Methods:

A Web search was completed in November 2020 and April 2021 of all companies providing DIY braces for UK consumers. Each website was evaluated, and the following data collected: name; year started operating; costs; process; involvement of a dental professional; average ‘treatment’ length; retention; consent process; information on risks and benefits; aligner material; social media presence; age suitability; and consumer ratings on Trustpilot. Quality of website information was assessed via the DISCERN tool.

Results:

Seven DIY orthodontic companies were operating in the UK. Websites reviewed revealed the following: product costs were in the range of £799–£1599, ‘treatment’ length quotes were in the range of 4–12 months; Trustpilot reviews were in the range of 1.6–4.8 stars; and websites claimed their aligners were suitable for individuals with an age range of 12–18 years. Quality of content regarding risks described on websites varied, and there was limited information regarding involvement of a dental professional. Quality of websites information scored ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ on the DISCERN scoring.

Conclusions:

There has been an increase in the number of DIY orthodontic companies operating in the UK over the last three years. There is a need to determine whether these products constitute dental treatment in their own right. If so, it is crucial to ensure these are regulated appropriately with adequate information available to satisfy informed consent and have greater transparency over dental professional involvement to safeguard the public.
Mitigating industry contagion effects from financial reporting fraud: A competitive dynamics perspective of non-errant rival firms exploiting product-market opportunities
Authors: Kang Eugene , Thosuwanchot Nongnapat , Gomulya David
Published: June 2021

Existing studies show that financial reporting frauds by errant firms cause declines in stock market valuations for non-errant rival firms (i.e. industry contagion effects). We posit that contagion effects may be mitigated by investors’ expectations of non-errant rivals exploiting product-market opportunities at the expense of errant firms. We apply the competitive dynamics literature to argue that non-errant rivals experience lower contagion effects when they have more available slack to engage in competitive actions. This effect is expected to strengthen when rival firms have previously deployed more resources for research and development and advertising investments or have higher prior market share growth to demonstrate effective deployments of available resources. These arguments are supported for contagion effects from reports of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigations from 2001 to 2004. We contribute to research and practice by going beyond discussions on corporate governance to evaluations of key competitive attributes that investors assess when reacting to such frauds.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Lower leg Muscle Mass and Preservation of Lower Extremity in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Jung Sung Y. , Lee Myoung J. , Lee Sang Y.
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to determine how the muscle mass of the lower leg affects the preservation of the lower extremities in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. This study analyzed patients with diabetic foot ulcer between January 2014 and June 2018 with a follow-up of at least 2 years. Of these 181 patients whose ulcer is located distal to the metatarsophalangeal joint, which was categorized as grade ≤2 by the Wagner classification were classified into 4 grades: grade 0 (treated without amputation), grade 1 (amputation distal to the metatarsophalangeal joint), grade 2 (Ray, transmetatarsal, Lisfranc, and Chopart amputation), and grade 3 (Syme, below-knee, and above-knee amputation) according to the final amputation degree. The muscles of the lower leg were classified into 4 compartments: anterior, lateral, deep posterior, and superficial posterior. The cross-sectional area and attenuation to estimate the muscle volume and density were measured at the axial image of computed tomography (CT) angiography. No significant differences were observed in the sex ratio and mean age among the grades ( P = .966 and .962). The cross-sectional area of the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments demonstrated no significant differences, but that of the superficial posterior compartment exhibited significant differences among the grades ( P < .001). Moreover, the attenuation of the anterior, lateral, and deep posterior compartments showed no significant differences, but that of the posterior compartment showed significant differences among the grades ( P = .003). The muscle mass of the superficial posterior compartment of the lower leg could be a good indicator of the preservation of the lower extremity in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Therefore, a strengthening exercise for the triceps surae and plantaris muscles in the early stage could help preserve as much of the lower extremities as possible.
Percutaneous Trans-Hepatic Embolization of an Iatrogenic Extra-Hepatic Pseudoaneurysm of the Right Hepatic Artery in a Patient With Previous Occlusion of the Proper Hepatic Artery: An Endovascular Procedure to Avoid a Difficult Surgical Repair
Authors: Gallo Giuseppe S. , Miraglia Roberto , Maruzzelli Luigi , Crinò Francesca , Cannataci Christine , Gruttadauria Salvatore
Published: June 2021

We report a case of successful percutaneous transhepatic, embolization of an iatrogenic extra-hepatic pseudoaneurysm (PsA) of the right hepatic artery (RHA) under combined fluoroscopic and ultrasonographic guidance. A 73-year-old man underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage placement in another hospital, complicated by haemobilia and development of a RHA PsA. Endovascular embolization was attempted, resulting in coil embolization of the proper hepatic artery, and persistence of the PsA. At this point, the patient was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and direct angiography confirmed the iatrogenic extra-hepatic PsA of the RHA, refilled by small collaterals from the accessory left hepatic artery (LHA) and coil occlusion of the proper hepatic artery. Attempted selective catheterization of these vessels was unsuccessful due to the tortuosity and very small caliber of the intra-hepatic collaterals, the latter precluding endovascular treatment of the PsA. Percutaneous trans-hepatic combined fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided embolization of the PsA was performed with Lipiodol® and cyanoacrylate-based glue (Glubran®2). Real time fluoroscopic images and computed tomography confirmed complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm. Surgical repair, although feasible, was considered at high risk. In our patient, we decided to perform a percutaneous trans-hepatic combined fluoroscopic and ultrasound-guided embolization of the PsA using a mix of Lipiodol® and Glubran®2 because of the fast polymerization time of the glue allowing the complete occlusion of the PsA in few seconds, thus eliminating the risk of coil migration, reducing the risk of PsA rupture and avoid a difficult surgical repair.
Idenix v. Gilead: The enablement and written description limits of a genus claim
Authors: Zullow Keith A , Chang Cindy , Anderson Sean
Published: June 2021

In Idenix Pharms. LLC v. Gilead Sci. Inc., 941 F.3d 1149 (Fed. Cir. 2019), the Federal Circuit affirmed a judgment of invalidity of a patent claiming methods for treating Hepatitis C virus for, inter alia, lack of enablement. The Supreme Court denied Idenix’s petition for a writ of certiorari, meaning that the Federal Circuit decision stands, and genus claims covering thousands of compounds that were supported by an insufficient number of examples have failed the enablement test not once, but twice. See Wyeth & Cordis Corp. v. Abbott Labs., 720 F.3d 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2013). This case report presents the context surrounding the Federal Circuit’s Idenix decision and the Supreme Court’s decision not to hear the case.
Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age
Authors: Ciarambino Tiziana , Para Ombretta , Giordano Mauro
Published: June 2021

In COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is to highlight gender differences in the immune response to COVID-19. The included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. The search included the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, age, sex, and immune system. Literature described that females compared to males have greater inflammatory, antiviral, and humoral immune responses. In female, estrogen is a potential ally to alleviate SARS-COV-2 disease. In male, testosterone reduces vaccination response and depresses the cytokine response. In the older patients, and in particular, in female older patients, it has been reported a progressive functional decline in the immune systems. Differences by gender were reported in infection diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. These data should be confirmed by the other epidemiological studies.
Acute occlusion of the fetal posterior cerebral artery: diagnosis and management paradigms
Authors: Abdalkader Mohamad , Sahoo Anurag , Shulman Julie G , Sader Elie , Takahashi Courtney , Kaliaev Artem , Curiale Gioacchino G , Hohler Anna D , Hinchey Judith , Nguyen Thanh N
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose

The diagnosis and management of acute fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion are challenging. While endovascular treatment is established for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke, little is known about the course of acute fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusions. We report the clinical course, radiological findings and management considerations of acute fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion stroke.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients presenting with acute large vessel occlusion who underwent cerebral angiogram and/or mechanical thrombectomy between January 2015 and January 2021. Patients diagnosed with fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion were included. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings and management strategies were reviewed.

Results

Between January 2015 and January 2021, three patients with fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion were identified from 400 patients who underwent angiogram and/or mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke (0.75%). The first patient presented with concomitant fetal posterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery occlusions. Thrombectomy was performed with recanalisation of the fetal posterior cerebral artery but the patient died from malignant oedema. The second patient presented with isolated fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion. No endovascular intervention was performed and the patient was disabled from malignant posterior cerebral artery infarct. The third patient presented with carotid occlusion and was found to have fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion after internal carotid artery recanalisation. No further intervention was performed. The patient was left with residual contralateral homonymous hemianopia and mild left sided weakness.

Conclusion

Fetal posterior cerebral artery occlusion is a rare, but potentially disabling, cause of ischaemic stroke. Endovascular treatment is feasible. Further investigation is needed to compare the efficacy of medical versus endovascular management strategies.
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions related to social distancing on respiratory viral infectious disease outcomes: A rapid evidence-based review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rizvi Rubina F , Craig Kelly J Thomas , Hekmat Rezzan , Reyes Fredy , South Brett , Rosario Bedda , Kassler William J , Jackson Gretchen P
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. quarantine and isolation) are used to mitigate and control viral infectious disease, but their effectiveness has not been well studied. For COVID-19, disease control efforts will rely on non-pharmaceutical interventions until pharmaceutical interventions become widely available, while non-pharmaceutical interventions will be of continued importance thereafter.

Methods:

This rapid evidence-based review provides both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the effectiveness of social distancing non-pharmaceutical interventions on disease outcomes. Literature was retrieved from MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and pre-print databases ( BioRxiv.org , MedRxiv.org , and Wellcome Open Research).

Results:

Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria ( n = 28). Early, sustained, and combined application of various non-pharmaceutical interventions could mitigate and control primary outbreaks and prevent more severe secondary or tertiary outbreaks. The strategic use of non-pharmaceutical interventions decreased incidence, transmission, and/or mortality across all interventions examined. The pooled attack rates for no non-pharmaceutical intervention, single non-pharmaceutical interventions, and multiple non-pharmaceutical interventions were 42% (95% confidence interval = 30% – 55%), 29% (95% confidence interval = 23% – 36%), and 22% (95% confidence interval = 16% – 29%), respectively.

Conclusion:

Implementation of multiple non-pharmaceutical interventions at key decision points for public health could effectively facilitate disease mitigation and suppression until pharmaceutical interventions become available. Dynamics around R0 values, the susceptibility of certain high-risk patient groups to infection, and the probability of asymptomatic cases spreading disease should be considered.
Glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Tadesse , Tadesse Tirhas , Amogne Getasew
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The objective of the study was to explore the level of glycemic control and its determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Menelik II Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was determined using a single proportion formula and 245 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were involved in this study. Systematic sampling method was used to select the study subjects. Standard questionnaire was used to collect patient’s biographic data, economic data, self-care activities, and patient compliance to medications. Summary statistics of a given data were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to measure the relationship between the outcome and predictor variable. Direction and strength of association was expressed using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Result:

More than three-fourth, 191 (80.3%) of diabetic patients had poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was found to be 7.03 times higher among diabetic patients with duration of 5–10 years (adjusted odds ratio = 7.03, 95% confidence interval = 2.7–18.6). Similarly, diabetic patients with a duration of above 10 years were poorly controlled their blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.028–5.08) in comparison to diabetic patients with a duration of fewer than 5 years. It was also found that compliance with a specific diet was significantly associated with good control of blood sugar level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–11.13).

Conclusion:

The magnitude of patients with poor glycemic control was high. Duration of diabetes and non-compliance with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and diets low in fat and sugar were significantly related to uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Therefore, developing strategies targeted toward improving blood glucose control with special attention to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with a duration of ⩾5 years and those who poorly comply with their diet was strongly recommended.
A Dual-Mode Social-Information-Processing Model to Explain Individual Differences in Children’s Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Verhoef Rogier E. J. , van Dijk Anouk , de Castro Bram O.
Published: June 2021

Children differ considerably in the social-information-processing (SIP) patterns underlying their aggressive behavior. To clarify these individual differences, we propose a dual-mode SIP model that predicts which processing steps children will take, which children will take them, and under which circumstances, and how this may lead to aggression. This dual-mode SIP model distinguishes between an automatic and reflective processing mode. The automatic mode is characterized by fast automatic processing and impulsive behavioral responses, whereas the reflective mode is characterized by deliberate processing and controlled behavioral responses. Whether children use the automatic or reflective processing mode is moderated by their level of arousal, which depends on an interplay between child-specific factors (i.e., emotional dispositions, motivational dispositions, and executive functioning) and dynamic factors (i.e., internal state and type of situation). The dual-mode SIP model provides new insights into children’s unique SIP styles and provides possibilities to tailor treatment to children’s individual needs.
Mental Health and Social Contact During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Fried Eiko I. , Papanikolaou Faidra , Epskamp Sacha
Published: June 2021

For many students, the COVID-19 pandemic caused once-in-a-lifetime disruptions of daily life. In March 2020, during the beginning of the outbreak in the Netherlands, we used ecological momentary assessment to follow 80 undergraduate students four times per day for 14 days to assess mental health, social contact, and COVID-19-related variables. Despite rapidly increasing rates of infections and deaths, we observed decreases in anxiety, loneliness, and COVID-19-related concerns, especially in the first few days. Other mental health variables, such as stress levels, remained stable, whereas depressive symptoms increased. Despite social-distancing measures implemented by the Dutch government halfway through our study, students showed no changes in the frequency of in-person social activities. Dynamic network models identified potential vicious cycles between mental health variables and being alone, which predicted concerns about COVID-19 and was followed by further mental health problems. Findings and implications are discussed in detail.
Development and Pilot Analysis of the Bruise Visibility Scale
Authors: Scafide Katherine N. , Bahari Ghareeb , Kutahyalioglu Nesibe S. , Mohammadifirouzeh Mona , Senko Susan M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The accuracy of assessing and documenting injuries is crucial to facilitate ongoing clinical care and forensic referrals for victims of violence. The purpose of this cross-sectional, pilot study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of a newly developed Bruise Visibility Scale (BVS). Methods: The instrument was administered to a diverse sample (n = 30) with existing bruises. Bruises were assessed under fluorescent lighting typical of an examination room by three raters who were randomly selected from a pool of eight experienced clinical nurses. Colorimetry values of the bruise and surrounding tissue were obtained using a spectrophotometer. Results: The BVS demonstrated good single (ICC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54 – 0.84) and average agreement (ICC = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78 – 0.94) between raters. A significant, positive moderate correlation was found between mean BVS scores and overall color difference between the bruise and surrounding skin (Pearson’s r = 0.614, p < 0.001). Conclusion: With further research, the BVS has the potential to be a reliable and valid tool for documenting the degree of clarity in bruise appearance.
Sex During Pandemic: Panic Buying of Sex Toys During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Kar Sujita Kumar
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every part of human life which reveals several peculiar human behaviors. Panic buying is one of the erratic phenomenon that has been observed in many countries of the world during this COVID-19 pandemic. The selling of online sex dolls, lingerie, and sex toys was increased during the COVID-19 lockdown in several countries like Australia, UK, Denmark, Colombia, New Zealand, Italy, Spain, France, India, North America, and Ireland. The increase in sex toy market turnover has several implications such as customization of recreational facilities, limitations in alternative sources of pleasure, need to have sex and unfortunately, and unavailability of a partner. We speculate that people may buy sex toys in response to perceived scarcity, perceived short supply, the anticipation of price hike, or to get control over the environment. However, there could be other factors such as an extra time to explore sexuality, and being apart from the partners. There is a need to study the sexual behavior and sex toy use among people in the post-pandemic era and their repercussions on the intimate relationship.
NGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications
Authors: Youngs Robert R , Goulet Christine A , Bozorgnia Yousef , Kuehn Nicolas , Al Atik Linda , Graves Robert W , Atkinson Gail M
Published: June 2021

As a companion article to Goulet et al., we describe implementation of the NGA-East ground motion characterization (GMC) model in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for sites in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). We present extensions to the EPRI/DOE/NRC seismic source characterization (SSC) model for the CEUS needed for full implementation of NGA-East. Comparisons are presented to the EPRI GMC, the currently accepted model by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for hazard assessment at nuclear facilities. Comparisons are presented both in terms of GMC model components and in the resulting seismic hazard assessments for a range of site locations in the CEUS. Illustrations of the effect of various components of the NGA-East GMC on seismic hazard results are also presented. Finally, we present recommendations for application of the NGA-East GMC in PSHA.
Crystal chemistry of ivanyukite-group minerals, A3–xH1+x[Ti4O4(SiO4)3](H2O)n (A = Na, K, Cu), (n = 6–9, x = 0–2): crystal structures, ion-exchange, chemical evolution
Authors: Panikorovskii Taras L. , Yakovenchuk Victor N. , Yanicheva Nataliya Yu. , Pakhomovsky Yakov A. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Bocharov Vladimir N. , Krivovichev Sergey V.
Published: June 2021

Microporous slicates with the pharmacosiderite structure and the general formula A3–xH1+x[Ti4O4(SiO4)3](H2O)n (A = Na, K, Cu), (n = 6–9, x = 0–2) are outstanding in their ion-exchange properties. The ivanyukite mineral group consists of three species, one of which has two polymorphs. The minerals forming a progressive series: ivanyukite-Na-T → ivanyukite-Na-C → ivanyukite-K → Cu-rich ivanyukite-K → ivanyukite-Cu, have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The microporous heteropolyhedral framework of the ivanyukite-group minerals is based on cubane-like [Ti4O4]8+ clusters that share common corners with SiO4 tetrahedra to form wide three-dimensional channels suitable for the migration of Na+, K+ and Cu2+ ions. Ivanyukite-Na-T that has a R3m symmetry loses Na+ in aqueous solutions via the substitution Na+ + O2‒ ↔ □ + OH‒, which allows for the migration of K+ ions and transformation of initial structure into the cubic (P$\bar{4}3m$) ivanyukite-Na-C polymorph or into ivanyukite-K, when most of Na is lost. Natural ivanyukite-Na-C is shown to contain domains of both R3m (subordinate) and P$\bar{4}3m$ (dominant) symmetry with the chemical composition determining the stability and dominance of cubic or trigonal forms. Incorporation of Cu into the crystal structure ivanyukite-K via the substitution K+ + OH− ↔ Cu2+ + O2− in aqueous solutions results in the formation of ivanyukite-Cu. Post-crystallisation processes (such as exchange of Na+, K+, Cu2+, and/or hydration/dehydration of primary phases) are widespread in hyperagpaitic rocks of the Kola alkaline massif and the respective mineral transformations contribute to the diversity of mineral species.
MicroRNA-497/195 is tumor suppressive and cooperates with CDKN2A/B in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Boldrin Elena , Gaffo Enrico , Niedermayer Alexandra , Boer Judith M. , Zimmermann Martin , Weichenhan Dieter , Claus Rainer , Münch Vera , Sun Qian , Enzenmüller Stefanie , Seyfried Felix , Demir Salih , Zinngrebe Julia , Cario Gunnar , Schrappe Martin , Den Boer Monique L. , Plass Christoph , Debatin Klaus-Michael , te Kronnie Geertruij , Bortoluzzi Stefania , Meyer Lüder Hinrich
Published: June 2021

We previously identified an association of rapid engraftment of patient-derived leukemia cells transplanted into NOD/SCID mice with early relapse in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). In a search for the cellular and molecular profiles associated with this phenotype, we investigated the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different engraftment phenotypes and patient outcomes. We found high expression of miR-497 and miR-195 (hereafter miR-497/195) in patient-derived xenograft samples with slow engraftment derived from patients with favorable outcome. In contrast, epigenetic repression and low expression of these miRNAs was observed in rapidly engrafting samples associated with early relapse. Overexpression of miR-497/195 in patient-derived leukemia cells suppressed in vivo growth of leukemia and prolonged recipient survival. Conversely, inhibition of miR-497/195 led to increased leukemia cell growth. Key cell cycle regulators were downregulated upon miR-497/195 overexpression, and we identified cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)– and cyclin-D3 (CCND3)–mediated control of G1/S transition as a principal mechanism for the suppression of BCP-ALL progression by miR-497/195. The critical role for miR-497/195–mediated cell cycle regulation was underscored by finding (in an additional independent series of patient samples) that high expression of miR-497/195 together with a full sequence for CDKN2A and CDKN2B (CDKN2A/B) was associated with excellent outcome, whereas deletion of CDKN2A/B together with low expression of miR-497/195 was associated with clearly inferior relapse-free survival. These findings point to the cooperative loss of cell cycle regulators as a new prognostic factor indicating possible therapeutic targets for pediatric BCP-ALL.
Is it possible to estimate the need for surgical management in patients with a tubo-ovarian abscess at admission? A retrospective long-term analysis
Authors: Gözüküçük Murat , Yıldız Esra Gülen
Published: June 2021

Background

This study aimed to determine the possible prognostic factors correlated with the treatment modalities of tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOAs) and thus to assess whether the need for surgery was predictable at the time of initial admission.

Materials and methods

Between January 2012 and December 2019, patients who were hospitalized with a TOA in our clinic were retrospectively recruited. The age of the patients, clinical and sonographic presentation, pelvic inflammatory risk factors, antibiotic therapy, applied surgical treatment, laboratory infection parameters, and length of hospital stay were recorded.

Results

The records of 115 patients hospitalized with a prediagnosis of TOA were reviewed for the current study. After hospitalization, TOA was ruled out in 19 patients, and data regarding 96 patients was included for analysis. Twenty-eight (29.2%) patients underwent surgical treatment due to failed antibiotic therapy. Sixty-eight (70.8%) were successfully treated with parenteral antibiotics. Medical treatment failure and need for surgery were more common in patients with a large abscess (volume, > 40 cm3, or diameter, > 5 cm). The group treated by surgical intervention was statistically older than the patients receiving medical treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although the treatment in TOA may vary according to clinical, sonographic, and laboratory findings; age of patients, the abscess size, and volume were seen as the major factors affecting medical treatment failure. Moreover, TOA treatment should be planned on a more individual basis.
Who continued travelling by public transport during COVID-19? Socioeconomic factors explaining travel behaviour in Stockholm 2020 based on smart card data
Authors: Almlöf Erik , Rubensson Isak , Cebecauer Matej , Jenelius Erik
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed travel behaviour and reduced the use of public transport throughout the world, but the reduction has not been uniform. In this study we analyse the propensity to stop travelling by public transport during COVID-19 for the holders of 1.8 million smart cards in Stockholm, Sweden, for the spring and autumn of 2020. We suggest two binomial logit models for explaining the change in travel pattern, linking socioeconomic data per area and travel data with the probability to stop travelling.

Modelled variables

The first model investigates the impact of the socioeconomic factors: age; income; education level; gender; housing type; population density; country of origin; and employment level. The results show that decreases in public transport use are linked to all these factors.

The second model groups the investigated areas into five distinct clusters based on the socioeconomic data, showing the impacts for different socioeconomic groups. During the autumn the differences between the groups diminished, and especially Cluster 1 (with the lowest education levels, lowest income and highest share of immigrants) reduced their public transport use to a similar level as the more affluent clusters.

Results

The results show that socioeconomic status affect the change in behaviour during the pandemic and that exposure to the virus is determined by citizens’ socioeconomic class. Furthermore, the results can guide policy into tailoring public transport supply to where the need is, instead of assuming that e.g. crowding is equally distributed within the public transport system in the event of a pandemic.
Genetic diversity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) populations in Ethiopia: insights from nuclear DNA microsatellites and implications for conservation
Authors: Tesfaye Genanaw , Curto Manuel , Meulenbroek Paul , Englmaier Gernot K. , Tibihika Papius Dias , Alemayehu Esayas , Getahun Abebe , Meimberg Harald
Published: June 2021

Background

Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) is among the economically most important freshwater fish species in East Africa, and a major source of protein for local consumption. Human induced translocations of non-native stocks for aquaculture and fisheries have been found as a potential threat to the genetic diversity and integrity of local populations. In the present study, we investigate the genetic structure of O. niloticus from 16 waterbodies across Ethiopia using 37 microsatellite loci with SSR-GBAS techniques.

Results

The samples are structured into three main clusters shaped either by biogeographic factors or stocking activities. High FST values (Global FST = 0.438) between populations indicate a high level of genetic differentiation and may suggest long term isolation even within the same drainage systems. Natural populations of the Omo-Turkana system and the lakes in the Southern Main Ethiopian Rift showed the highest genetic variability while low variability was found in stocked populations of lakes Hora, Hashenge and Hayq.

Conclusions

The results presented herein, may provide an essential basis for the management and conservation of the unique genetic resources in northern East Africa, and advance our understanding of biodiversity, phylogeny, evolution and development towards phylogenetically more accurate taxonomic classifications.