bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proekologiczne i prooszczędnościowe zachowania gospodarstw domowych jako konsumentów energii
Authors: Ropuszyńska-Surma Edyta , Węglarz Magdalena
Published: March 2020

The pro-ecological and pro-saving behavior of households as energy consumersThe aim of the article is to indicate the changes related to households’ behavior linked to energy saving and pro-ecological activities. Therefore, the authors conducted acomparison analysis of the results of the nationwide Polish research about Polish ecological awareness and identified — as part of the Polish National Science Centre NCN project called “Modelling prosumers’ behavior on theenergy market” — pro-economical attitudes of households. The first part of this paper pre­sents the opinions of Poles about the possibilities of development of the different kinds of energy sources in Poland, taking into special consideration the development of renewable energy sources. In the second part of this paper the authors describe households’ behavior connected with saving energy. They analyzed pro-economical behavior such as: switching off lights in empty rooms, un­plugging phone chargers after use, using economical bulbs and unplugging devices that are not in use. The diversifying variables of behavior are: sex, age, income. The analysis of households’ behav­ior was supplemented with the analysis of pro-economical attitudes of Wroclaw university students.
Kilka uwag o dawnych wycieczkach na Śnieżkę w Karkonoszach
Authors: Kolbuszewski Jacek
Published: March 2020

Some remarks on past treks to Śnieżka in the Karkonosze Mountains The article is devoted to the earliest period 17th–18th centuries of treks to Śnieżka in the Karkonosze Mountains. The period ended with the first manifestations of pre-Romantic and Romantic interest in the mountain Caspar David Friedrich, Theodor Körner, Kazimierz Brodziński, which will not be discussed here. The author analyses entries in the Śnieżka guest books published in 1737 in Jelenia Góra as Vergnügte und unvergnügte Reisen auf das Weltberuffene Schlesische RiesenGebirge welche von 1696 bis 1737. Theils daselbst den Allerhöchsten zu preisen, theils die erstaunenden Wunder der Natur zu betrachten, theils sich eine Gemüthsvergnügung oder Leibesbewegung zu machen, theils den beruffenen Riebezahl auszukundschafften, von allerhand Liebhabern angestellet worden sind. Die sich den zu einem beständigen Andenken in die daselbst befindlichen Schneekoppen-Bücher Namentlich und meistens mit beyläufigen merkwündigen Gedanken in gebundener Rede eingeschrieben haben. Auf vieles Verlangen heraus gegeben, und mit einigen bekannten und unbekannten Historien von dem abentheurlichen Rieben-Zahl vergesellschaftet. Nebst einer Vorrede: Von den Wundern, Schönheiten, Vortrefflichkeiten und der natürlichen Beschaffenheit dieser Gebirge. Drawing on selected quotes the author has compiled a preliminary typology of the behaviour of tourists in the past as well as their reactions to the landscape. The article also depicts some elements of customs that emerged in Samuel’s Hut on the Złótówka Meadow, the last shelter provided for those heading for Śnieżka.
Ponad horyzontem i poza ciałem — o dwóch wariantach transgresji w przestrzeni górskiej
Authors: Grzęda Ewa
Published: March 2020

BEYOND THE HORIZON AND BEYOND THE BODY- ON VARIANTS OF TRANSGRESSION IN THE MOUNTAINSThe article is an attempt to distinguish two main types of transgression usually encountered in the mountains. The first concerns the crossing of geographical and geopolitical borders to be found in the mountains, while the second is associated with the crossing overcoming of biological and mental limitations revealed during all kinds of activities in the mountains. The examples referred to in the article have been selected from among literary texts of various genres but thematically linked to the mountains. The author uses primarily fragments of poems, travel accounts from the first half of the 19th century as well as several contemporary accounts and pieces of reportage on expeditions to high mountains.
Was man vom Grenzgebiet Riesengebirge erwartet und was womöglich überraschen kann
Authors: Pacholski Jan
Published: March 2020

THE OBVIOUS AND NOT SO OBVIOUS BORDERS IN THE GIANT MOUNTAINSStretching over ca 36 km, the Giant Mountains Krkonoše/Karkonosze range is a naturalborder between Silesia and Bohemia, today between Poland and the Czech Republic. In the late Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period, i.e. when the highest range of the Sudetes separated two provinces of the Kingdom of Bohemia, its role as border mountains was notas important, although it was precisely a border dispute between Bohemian Harrach and Silesian Schaffgotsch lords of these lands that increased interest in the region, laying the foundations, in a way, for the development of tourism in the future. Side effects of the border dispute included St. Lawrence Chapel on Śnieżka and spread of the popularity of the source of the Elbe, i.e. sites that have remained the most frequently visited spots in these mountains to this day. Around the mid-18th century, when, as a result of wars, most Silesia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia, the Giant Mountains border grew in importance. From that moment the highest range of the Sudetes would separate lands ruled by two different dynasties — the Austro-Bohemian Habsburgs and the Prussian Hohenzollerns, with two different and hostile religions — Catholic and Lutheran. Having become more significant, the border began to appear in literary works, from Enlightenment period travel accounts to popular novels. The author of the present article discusses literary images of this border, using several selected examples.
Alpy w twórczości Zygmunta Krasińskiego
Authors: Toruń Włodzimierz
Published: March 2020

The Alps in the oeuvre of Zygmunt KrasińskiWhen it comes to the scope of its topics and level of detail, the sketch “The Alps in the oeuvre of Zygmunt Krasiński” is a preliminary reconnaissance. Krasiński’s image of the Alps was influenced by his “educational” trip to Switzerland on which he went with his guardians in the autumn of 1829. The primeval and monumental nature of the Alpine landscape left an indelible mark on the psyche of the young Romantic poet. This can be seen in Krasiński’s letters to his father as well as discursive writings of the future author of Non-Divine Comedy. Of crucial importance in the exploration of the Alps by young Krasiński were his Alpine trips: first in  the company of his tutor and English friend Henry Reeve and then in the company of Adam Mickiewicz and Edward Odyniec.
Wojciecha Kudyby Gorce Pana
Authors: Heck Dorota
Published: March 2020

Wojciech Kudyba’s Gorce Pana Gorce of the LordIn the 20th century religious poetry was mainly the domain of famous poet priests; today better known are secular authors from various generations, for example Zbigniew Jankowski, Wojciech Bonowicz, Krzysztof Koehler, Wojciech Wencel and Mirosław Dzień. Standing out with his avoidance of pathos and clarity of poetic diction, Wojciech Kudyba published his first book of poetry appreciated by literary critics, Tyszowce i inne miasta Tyszowce and other towns, thirteen years ago. It was followed in 2008 by Gorce Pana Gorce of the Lord — of key importance to the understanding of the role of the mountains in Kurdyba’s poetic imagination — and Ojciec się zmienia The Father is changing in 2011. The summa of the poet’s oeuvre so far, a selection entitled W końcu świat Finally the world, is divided into three parts: “Inne miasta” Other towns, “Inne góry” Other mountains and “Kogo brak” Who’s missing. They correspond to his earlier volumes of poetry. The poet’s own descriptions point to the considerable signifi cance of a coherent composition of the collection. Repetitions of the various motifs resemble a rosary or a sequence of mirror reflections. Hermeneutic analyses of the various poems lead to a conclusion that harmony, questioned by the possibility of self-irony, results in the eff ect of moved form, sought after by the poet, while literary geography, fascination with the mountains and respect for epiphany balance out the irony, stabilising the emphasis on the eternal harmony of the universe present in the beauty of Gorce.
Incognito przez kraj przyjaciół. Nielegalni wspinacze z NRD w Związku Radzieckim
Authors: Reinhart Kai
Published: March 2020

Incognito through a country of friends: Illegal climbers from the GDR in the Soviet UnionAlthough the GDR did not have its own high mountains, it did have an informal community of climbers, of about 1,000 enthusiasts, who despite numerous obstacles managed to go on expeditions to high mountains of the Eastern Bloc. They could not count on any support of the state, because mountaineering is not a kind of sport in which international success can be achieved all the time and because the GDR, unlike e.g. the Soviet Union, could not expect any military benefits from it. The climbers found it especially hard to obtain permission to travel, to go to the mountains on their own, to acquire appropriate equipment and train in preparation for the difficulties awaiting them in high mountains. Only thanks to their extraordinary enthusiasm, organisational creativity and technical skills were they able to overcome obstacles like obtaining invitations from the Soviet Union, casual jobs and making their own equipment in order to be able to reach high mountains. From the late 1970s the climbing community began to experience a revival thanks to a new “hippie generation”. Young people reached the USSR thanks to the so-called “transit visas”, which is why they were described as “transit travellers”. Often they would then travel for weeks or even months “unrecognised through their beloved country”. During these “incognito travels” they had to avoid police patrols and when they were stopped, they had to have good excuses. Despite their illegality, the transit travellers were able to travel across the entire USSR. Their extraordinarily modest way of travelling, often hitch-hiking or walking, meant that they had closer contact with people living in the Soviet Union than was provided for in the German–Soviet friendship, used for propaganda purposes, and could formulate their own opinion on the reality of the “Big Brother”.Through their experiences the climbers managed to distance themselves from the official socialist discourse in the GDR. With their views crossing state borders the climbers could be treated as the vanguard of mass escapes through Eastern European third countries, like e.g. Hungary, which began the collapse of the GDR in 1989.
Fałszerstwa dokumentów operacyjnych a badania pismoznawcze
Authors: Herbowski Piotr , Bukowski Jacek
Published: March 2020

Operational documents forgery and handwriting examinationsThe problem of operational documents forgery has been existing in the police and special forces for many years. It should not, however, be underestimated, as it results from insufficient supervision of their superiors. Handwriting examinations are useful in detecting and proving above mentioned practice, but also may provide a kind of psychological barrier against taking such criminal activities.
O znaczeniu fundamentalnych zasad karania w polityce karnej — uwagi na tle przyczyn i skutków „masowego uwięzienia” w Stanach Zjednoczonych
Authors: Stańdo-Kawecka Barbara
Published: March 2020

The importance of the fundamental principles of punishment in criminal policy — remarks against a background of causes and results of “mass incarceration” in the United StatesIn the last century, in the United States, there was a significant change in the paradigms of punishment. In the 1970s the ideology of rehabilitation collapsed and reforms, which aimed at restoring justice in punishment and reduction of the prison population, were initiated. In the next decade, the movement aiming at liberal reforms lost the social and political support and was replaced with the repressive criminal policy. At the same time, a rapid increase in the prison population started which has been referred to in the criminological literature as the phenomenon of mass incarceration. After four decades of continuous growth in the number of persons deprived of their liberty there is no doubt that the social and financial consequences of a repressive system of punishment proved to be dramatic. For this reason, issues concerning the restoration of justice and rationality in punishment have again been discussed in the United States.Many European countries also experienced the “punitive turn” in the criminal policy at the end of the 20th century, although its scale was incomparable with what happened in the United States. It does not mean, however, that American discussions on the philosophy of punishment and criminal policy are irrelevant for Europe. Multidimensional negative effects of the American policy of mass incarceration indicate the dangers resulting from ignoring the basic principles of punishment that protect against abuses of the state’s power to punish. Additionally, they encourage a serious discussion about the integration of punishment theories with the empirical knowledge on the results of sentencing and sentence enforcement.
Esej o prawie do decydowania o niektórych przejawach życia osobistego
Authors: Dukiet-Nagórska Teresa
Published: March 2020

Essay on the right to decide about some aspects of personal lifeThe essay is a reference to the statement of Professor T. Kaczmarek about the human right to a good death in Polish law. The starting point is recalling the provisions constituting the normative autonomy for refusing life-saving medical interventions, refusing abortion needed to save the lives or health of pregnant women and consent to organ donation ex vivo. These normative regulations are confronted with the criminalisation of the murder at the request of the victim and under the influence of sympathy for her and assisted suicide, as well as provisions permitting the forced treatment. The common ground is the principle of proportionality, as well as the provisions of the Constitution defining the protection of life and health, and the right to self-determination about personal life.
Nielegalna imigracja z perspektywy występku umożliwienia lub ułatwienia pobytu na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Filipowska-Tuthill Monika
Published: March 2020

Illegal immigration from the perspective of the crime of enabling or facilitating stay on the Polish territoryThis article is devoted to the important and very current problem of immigration, from the perspective of European Union and Polish regulations. This paper analyzes the crime of enabling and facilitating the illegal stay on the Polish territory, where the perpetrator acts for personal or financial gain. The subject here is the protection of public safety and order against unauthorized aliens. Illegally staying in the Republic of Poland, foreigners create a broad spectrum of threats to the state and its citizens from administrative to illegal employment in organized crime and international terrorism.
Cele wykonywania kary pozbawienia wolności a instytucja warunkowego przedterminowego zwolnienia uwagi na marginesie uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 26 kwietnia 2017 r., I KZP 2/171
Authors: Kania Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Purposes of execution of imprisonment and release on licence comments to the resolution of the Supreme Court of 26 April 2017, I KZP 2/1This article brings attention not only to the need for a distinction between penalty and its functions, but also to the nature of the tasks posed before the penalty at the stage of imposing and executing the penalty. Based on the example of imprisonment, it has been proven that at the stage of execution the assigned to it objectives become limited to the completion of the reasons of the individual-preventive nature. Further part of this study also relates to the Supreme Court resolution of 26 April 2017, which accurately pointed out that while adjudicating release on licence from the rest of the sentence, criminal purposes, present at the stage of imposing the penalty referred to in chapter VI of the Criminal Code, must yield to individual-preventive reasons.
Czas usiłowania i dokonania kradzieży w sklepie samoobsługowym
Authors: Tyburcy Tomasz
Published: March 2020

The time of attempting and committing theft in a self-service shopIf the place where the theft was committed is a supermarket, establishing the precise time of that attempt is often disputed. It depends on the acceptance of a certain theoretical view about the notion of “an attempt.” According to the dominant position adopted in the Polish legal literature, theft is committed at the time of seizing the property, even before approaching the cash register.
Is Don Quixote a Symbol of Resistance or of Totalitarianism?
Authors: Pronkevich Oleksandr
Published: March 2020

This paper focuses on analyzing visual representations of Don Quixote in Central and Eastern European films produced during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods: the animated cartoon Don Kihote created in 1961 by Croatian director Vlado Kristl: a TV episode, Don Quixote and His Bodyguard, by Viktor Shenderovich 1995; and the feature film Don Quixote Returns by Vasiliy Livanov 1997. The image of Don Quixote is interpreted in the paper as a cultural myth used as a symbol both of resistance and of totalitarianism. This ambivalence of the quixotic myth is studied through the prism of trauma theory. The approach suggested by the author of the paper explains the popularity of Cervantes’s character in totalitarian and post-totalitarian culture and reveals the complicated dynamics of liberation from slavery and the search for freedom in Central and Eastern Europe.
Narrating Resistance: Ludmilla Alexeyeva and Paul Goldberg’s „The Thaw Generation” 1990
Authors: Jüttner Christina , Lecke Mirja
Published: March 2020

The production and circulation of literary, documentary, and political texts were among the main activities of dissenters in the Soviet Union. Many of them also kept diaries or notebooks, wrote memoirs or engaged in other forms of life writing. While these texts more or less explicitly claim to authentically represent reality, they nonetheless arise as a construction based on literary strategies. The analysis of the latter in Ludmilla Alexeyeva and Paul Goldberg’s The Thaw Generation is the subject of this article. We discuss the rhetoric of these memoirs focusing particularly on stylistic features and argumentative structures that are meant to grant the text credibility among American and Russian readers.
Traumatyczny dyskurs „Rozstrzelanego odrodzenia”
Authors: Krupa Paweł
Published: March 2020

Traumatic discourse of The Executed RenaissanceThis article attempts to critically analyze The Executed Renai­ssance anthology edited by Iurii Lavrinenko, and its impact on the formation of the post-war historical and literary discourse of the 1920s in the Ukrainian Humanities. The aim of this paper is to critically review the most important topics of the anthology, which are the consequences of traumatic experien­ces of Stalin’s purges and war. In this perspective The Executed Renaissance is the result of trauma, inter­preted in the context of psychoanalysis J. Lacan, S. Žižek and of the research on trauma C. Caruth.Травма и история. Критика парадигмы Расстрeлянное возрождеeниеЭта статья пытается критически анализировать антологию “Расстрeлянное возрождеeние” под редакцией Юрия Лавриненко и еe влияния на формирование послевоенного исторического и литературного дискурса 20-х годов в украинских гуманитарных наукaх. Целью данной статьи является критический обзор наиболее важных вопросов альманаха, которые являются последствия травматических переживаний сталинских чисток войны. С этой точки зрения “Расстрeлянное возрождеeние” является результатом травмы, которые интерпретируются в контексте психоанализа J. Лакан, С. Жижек и исследования травмы К. Карутх.
Dziecięce odgrywanie traumy we współczesnym teatrze serbskim
Authors: Abrasowicz Gabriela
Published: March 2020

Children’s traumatic enactment in contemporary Serbian theatreThe problem of traumatic codes in post-Yugoslav theater is increasingly attracting attention of many researches. Dramas written by Serbian authors: Biljana Srbljanović, Milan Marković and Tanja Šljivar depict the historical background and tragedies from children’s point of view. The youngest citizens, the voices of the traumatized culture, participate in the process of re-enacting incriminating events through inoffensive plays and games.This article considers idiosyncrasies of representation of trauma in Serbian theater and drama through the construction of figures of children, victims and witnesses, who intensify the tragedy, but also get the recipients thinking about the possibilities of working through the trauma and adapting to the new post-war and post-transition reality. This phenomenon is particularly reflected in dramas Family Stories B. Srbljanović, Maya and Me and Maya M. Marković, Scratching or How My Grand­mother Killed Herself T. Šljivar.Детское исполнение роли травматизма в современном сербском театреВопрос травматических кодов, представленных в пост-югославском театре все больше привлекает к себе внимание многих исследователей. Драмы, написанные сербскими авторами: Бильяной Срблянович, Миланом Марковичем и Таней Шлийвар представляют исторические предпосылки видения трагедии, представленной с точки зрения детей. Самые молодые граждане — конкретные голоса трав­матической культуры — участвуют в воспоминаниях о трагических событиях во время невинных игр.В статье содержатся соображения по поводу специфического способа представления травмы в сербской драме и театре путем представления персонажей детей — жертв и свидете­лей — которые не только усиливают чувство трагедии, но, как правило, заставляют задуматься о возможностях работы над травмой и адаптироваться к новой реальности после войны и к изменениям. Эта специфика находит свое отражение в анализируемых текстах: Семейные си­туации Б. Срблянович, Maя и я и Maя М. Маркович, Царапание или Как умерла моя бабушка Т. Шлийвар.
Determinanty zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych w wybranych państwach strefy euro
Authors: Panciszko Barbara
Published: March 2020

Artykuł jest próbą zidentyfikowania determinant zadłużania się gospodarstw domowych w państwach należących do strefy euro. Zaprezentowana została sytuacja społeczno-ekonomiczna w eurolandzie w oparciu o wybrane wskaźniki makroekonomiczne wzrost PKB, stopa bezrobocia. Następnie przedstawiono zadania Europejskiego Banku Centralnego oraz przeanalizowano politykę stóp przez niego prowadzoną w latach 2003–2014. Zbadano jak wysokość tych stóp wpływała na wysokość oprocentowania kredytów oferowanych konsumentom przez banki komercyjne w poszczególnych państwach. Przedstawiono dane dotyczące zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych w relacji do PKB, dochodu do dyspozycji oraz wskazano, w których państwach konsumenci mają największe problemy ze spłatą zobowiązań.Determinants of households debt in selected countries of the Eurozone This article is the attempt to identify the reasons of households debt in countries, which belong to the Eurozone. It presents the socio-economic situation in this countries based on macroeconomic indicators GDP and unemployment rent. Then this paper shows the tasks of the European Central Bank and shows its politics concerning the interests rates in the period 2003–2014. Next, the author examined, how these interest rates influenced the interest rates which commercial banks offered their clients. Then consumer behavior in selected countries was examined: which society is indebted the most, what is the relation between household debt to GDP and to disposable income, which kind of debt dominates and which society has the biggest problem with timely repayment of the debt. The study of data from the databases of the European Central Bank and EUROSTAT used a comparative analysis.
Postmodernistyczna struktura i hermeneutyczny autorytet, czyli polityczne implikacje dwóch ponowoczesnych nurtów filozoficznych
Authors: Barut Arkadiusz
Published: March 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza różnic w zakresie filozoficzno-politycznych im­plikacji postmodernistycznej idei dekonstrukcji oraz hermeneutycznej idei autorytetu. W niniejszym tekście przyglądam się temu, w jaki sposób krytyka podstawowych kategorii kulturowych przekłada się na stosunek do trwałości porządku społeczno-politycznego. Znana jest krytyka postmodernizmu a także hermeneutyki przeprowadzona przez Jurgena Habermasa, zdaniem którego odejście od idei uniwersalności rozumu choćby w postaci powszechnie ważnych warunków wolnej komunikacji przekłada się na relatywizm etyczno-polityczny. Moim zdaniem problem z postmodernizmem jest głębszy. Wysnuwam zatem tezę, że postmodernizm, odrzucając obiektyw­ność zarówno ontologiczną, jak i podmiotową, zakłada jednak obiektywność samej dekonstrukcji w sensie działania politycznego, a nie rozumowania czy procedury naukowej. Tymczasem herme­neutyka Gadamerowska, narażona na zarzut historyzmu i relatywizmu, broni się przed nimi dzięki idei autorytetu.Postmodernist structure, hermeneutic authority, or political implications of  two postmodern philosophical currentsThe subject of the article is the analysis of differences in the philosophical and political implications of the postmodernist idea of deconstruction and the hermeneutic idea of authority.In this text, I deal with the question of how the critique of basic cultural categories translates into the attitude to the permanence of the socio-political order. There is a known critique of post­modernism as well as hermeneutics, conducted by Jurgen Habermas, in which the departure from the idea of the universality of reason even in the form of universally important conditions of free communication translates into ethical and political relativism. In my opinion, the problem with postmodernism is deeper. My thesis is that postmodernism, rejecting ontological and subjective ob­jectivity, assumes, however, the objectivity of deconstruction itself in the sense of political action, not reasoning or scientific procedure. Meanwhile, Gadamer’s hermeneutics, exposed to the charge of historicism and relativism, defend themselves against them thanks to the idea of authority.
Pracownicze Plany Kapitałowe w praktyce. Opłacalność programu — jego główne wady i zalety
Authors: Koćwin Julitta
Published: March 2020

Employee capital plans in practice. The program’s profi tability — its main advantages and disadvantagesThe aim of the article was to present the basic assumptions of the Pracownicze Plany Kapitałowe program and to draw attention to the issue of its success and profi tability for future pensioners. This program advertised as a pro social one by the ruling party in fact may not be one. The article tried to fi nd the answer to the question of what are the intentions of the government and what the main purpose of the program is. Is it aimed at fi nancial security for future pensioners or at feeding the declining fi nancial market? So far, attention was drawn to the main advantages and disadvantages of this program, analyzed from the point of view of “who will benefi t the most from it.”
Problematyka odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych w świetle węzłowych założeń projektowanych zmian ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary
Authors: Płońska Anna
Published: March 2020

The issue of collectiv e entities’ liability in the light of crucial assumptionsof proposed amendments to the Act on the Liability of Collective Entitiesfor Acts Prohibited under the Threat of PenaltyPursuant to the Act of 28 October 2002 — Act on the Liability of Collective Entities for Acts Prohibited under the Threat of Penalty, a new category of liability was introduced into the Polish criminal law system. There is no doubt that in certain cases the need to punish collective entities is justified and even necessary. However, after more than 15 years of the above mentioned Act being in force, due to the low eff ectiveness of its regulations regarding collective entities’ responsibility, its amendment becomes advisable. Although at the time of writing this article, work on the amendment of the provisions on collective entities’ liability is still in progress, the main assumptions of proposed legislative changes deserve attention. The key idea of the proposed changes is to increase the effi ciency of sanctioning collective entities, especially in cases of fi scal and economic off ences. This article aims at a general overview of the proposed changes in the light of current regulations, in terms of the new collective entity legal defi nition and the principles of its liability, including penalties.
History, Power, and the Providential Order in the Neo-Latin Drama „Theodoricus” by Nicolaus Vernulaeus
Authors: Czerenkiewicz Michał
Published: March 2020

This paper aims at presenting the way in which Nicolaus Vernulaeus 1583–1649 combines in his Neo-Latin drama Theodoricus. Rex Italiae Theodoric, the King of Italy history and current public affairs with the philosophico-theological view of the Divine governance over the world. The title character is juxtaposed with other chief men in the late Roman state: Boethius, Symmachus, and John. The author of the article considers the role of history in this play and the way in which the idea of Providence is engaged in the description of one episode taken from antiquity. In Vernulaeus’ text ancient history becomes an implicit costume which serves as ethical enhancement of its viewer or reader, by means such as making allusions to the current political situation.
Vrouwenbeelden en genderrepresentatie in een leergangen Nederlands voor anderstaligen
Authors: Manolova Maciel Elissaveta
Published: March 2020

Vrouwenbeelden en genderrepresentatiein een leergang Nederlands voor anderstaligen This article focuses on the representation of women and images of females as an articulation of diversity in textbooks of Dutch as a foreign language, Code Plus 1 and Code Plus 2. The central re­search questions are: How are female characters, next to male characters, represented in the selected textbooks? Do the textbooks present gender stereotypes or do they rather question them?
Economic upgrading in global value chains
Authors: Marcato Marília Bassetti , Baltar Carolina Troncoso
Published: March 2020

This paper has critically documented a vast literature addressing the multi-layered outcomes associated with participating in global value chains (GVCs). In particular, this paper reviews and synthesizes the definitions and quantitative measures of one particular dimension of the GVC analysis that is two-fold: the economic and social upgrading. More specifically, we discuss the economic perspective of upgrading, which is usually associated with “moving into higher value-added stages”, and it is commonly assumed to be followed by positive spillovers regarding technology and productivity. This paper emphasizes the important diversity of definitions and measures within the GVC literature, considering it as a reflection, to a certain extent, of the absence of a systematic theoretical apparatus in the GVC literature. The paper concludes with some considerations on the role of policymakers in promoting social upgrading as an important topic in the GVC research agenda.
Isolasi Jamur Endofitik Rumput Mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk.) dan Analisis Potensi Sebagai Antimikroba
Authors: Viogenta Pratika , Nurjanah Siti , Mulyani Yuli Wahyu Tri
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK Jamur endofit merupakan jamur yang hidup di dalam jaringan atau organ tanaman yang tidak bersifat patogen. Jamur ini dapat menghasilkan beberapa zat yang sama seperti tanamannya.  Rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk)  merupakan jenis rumput liar yang biasa hidup di tanah lembab. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman mikroba endofit rumput mutiara. Metode dari penelitian ini meliputi isolasi jamur endofit dari batang, daun, akar, bunga rumput mutiara,  identifikasi jamur yang berhasil diisolasi, pengukuran diameter laju pertumbuhan jamur endofit dan uji daya hambat antimikroba dari jamur endofit. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tujuh jenis jamur endofit yang berhasil diisolasi dari rumput mutiara (batang, daun, akar dan bunga). Setelah diindentifikasi ketujuh jenis kapang, yaitu 2 jenis dari genus Aspergillus yaitu A. niger dan A. parasiticus yang berhasil diisolasi dari akar, batang, daun rumput mutiara, Penicillium berasal dari akar rumput mutiara, Geotrchihum dari batang, Chrysosporium dari daun, Rhizoctonia  dan Phytophthora dari bunga. Pada ketujuh jamur endofit ini fase lag terjadi hari pertama dan fase eksponensial terlihat pada hari kedua sampai hari ketujuh. Aspergillus niger memiliki daya hambat terhadap E.coli, St. aureus, Sh. disentriae,dan P.aeruginosa masing-masing 9.95mm, 8.96mm, 10.51mm,  dan 9.26mm. Chrysosporium dan Phytophthora mengahambat C. albicans sebesar 11.3mm dan 3.63mm.  Kata Kunci: Rumput mutiara, jamur endofit, antimikroba. ABSTRACT Endophytic fungi are fungi that live in plant tissues or organs that are not pathogenic. This fungus can produce some of the same substances as the plant. Pearl grass (Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk) is a type of weed that normally lives in moist soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of endophytic pearl grass microbes. The methods of this study include the isolation of endophytic fungi from stems, leaves, roots, and flowers  of pearl grass, identification, measurement of the diameter of endophytic fungi growth rate and antimicrobial inhibition test of endophytic fungi. The results showed seven types of endophytic fungi that were isolated from pearl grass. After identifying the seven types of molds, namely 2 types of the genus Aspergillus namely A.niger and A.parasiticus which were successfully isolated from roots, stems, pearl grass leaves, Penicillium derived from pearl grass roots, Geotrchihum from the stems, Chrysosporium from leaves, Rhizoctonia and Phytophthora from flowers. In these seven endophytic fungi the lag phase occurs the first day and the exponential phase is seen on the second day to the seventh day. Aspergillus niger has inhibitory properties against E.coli, St.aureus, Sh.disentriae, and P.aeruginosa 9.95mm, 8.96mm, 10.51mm and 9.26mm, respectively. Chrysosporium and Phytophthora inhibit C. albicans by 11.3mm and 3.63mm. Keywords: Pearl grass, endophytic fungus, antimicrobial
PENGARUH AKTIVASI FISIKA ARANG KAYU LABAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMURNIAN BIOGAS & UNJUK KERJA MESIN GENERATOR-SET
Authors: Mu’ammar Muhammad , Ghofur Abdul
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of laban charcoal on the effectiveness of biogas purification & Performance Generator-Set. This research is conducted by biogas flowing from Sanitary Landfill to biogas purification insulator containing adsorption media in the form of charcoal which has been activated physics with temperature variation of 550oC, 650oC and 750oC with 1 hour time, then biogas is stored in storage tube and then tested with biogas to Chamber for the reading of carbon dioxide and methane levels using Gas Analyzer. The result of carbon dioxide 2808,61 ppm and methane 40,51 ppm without purification after purified by using the best adsorption media of laban charcoal was found at 750oC carbon dioxide 2026,55 ppm and methane 53,94 ppm with effectiveness 27,84 %. The highest biogas purification effectiveness is at 750oC. The generator-set test with biogas fuel that has been purified charcoal is activated with a temperature of 750oC. Then it is fed to the storage tube and distributed to the generator-set, taking the data of rotation, temperature, and voltage of each load, the load 0 W, 4445.9 rpm rotation, 113,4oC, and 240 V (Stable), 350 W, 2344,43 rpm, 118,36oC, 150-240 V (Not Stable), 650 W, 2185,26 rpm, 136,73oC, 100-200 V (Not Stable).
PERENCANAAN DAN PEMBUATAN MESIN POTONG KAYU
Authors: H. Midi H. Midi , Siswanto Rudi Siswanto
Published: March 2020

Main purpose of this final task is to design a wood cutter machine for channel saw on the wood board and to get the final result like a work sheet and to determine the machine component of the wood cutter until it’s proper to built. This design of the modification wood cutter machine has some concept with some steps like: need, problem analysis and product specification, product concept design, analysis technique, modeling and the work sheet. the next process is build the wood cutter machine that has been planned. The final task result is a design that poured in the work sheet include the framework machine drawing, liner drawing,  arm connector drawing, arm knife drawing, pen drawing, pivot transmission drawing, pivot eccentric drawing, circle eccentric drawing, puli and workspace drawing. The wood cutter capacity saw could reach 2 cm thickness. The machine booster resources is an electricity engine with 0.25 HP power. The wood cutter from modification product dimension length x wide x height that 350 x 350 x 910 mm. the machine framework material use an iron steel profile L 30 x 30 x 2 mm material St 42. The transmission pivot made from St 37 with dimension O 15 mm  and  300 mm length. The transmission system use belt component V and two pair of Puli 1,5’’ and 3.5’’, work base board use Plywood. The final result of this design and the wood cutter making then will be built adjust the work sheet.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LEBAR CELAH UDARA PADA CHANNEL OUTLET TERHADAP KONDISI RUANGAN DAN DAYA LISTRIK DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN PANEL SURYA
Authors: Maulana Antan Noraidi , Samlawi Achmad Kusairi , Rijali Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Only a Part of the energy of sunlight is absorbed by solar panels during the day will be converted into electrical energy, the rest will be converted into thermal energy that conducted to the solar panel surface with high surface temperatures. High temperatures on the surface of solar panels can be combined as a trombe wall to produce a temperature gradient in the channel outlets or vents. The produced gradient temperature will create air flow velocity in the chamber and will increase due to the difference in density gradient. So heat in the room will be pushed out. This study will vary, the air gap width 3 cm, 4.5 cm and 6 cm by comparing the indoor temperature, humidity and electric power by using solar panels and without 450 tilted solar panel facing north. Room dimensions are 0.5x0.5x0.5 m, with solar panels 150x180x18 mm dimensions. Collecting data every 10 minutes from 07:00 until 19:00. The sensor used is LM35, DHT11, Voltage Sensor, and ACS712. Air condition obtained will be compared with the standard of comfort of air in the tropical building. Results obtained from the research is a widening gap Outlet Channel or ventilation in the room conditions will increase the temperature, the humidity, increase power and decrease the comfort in the room. Otherwise the narrow width of the gap or ventilation Outlet Channel it will lower the temperature, increase humidity, lower power and increased comfort in the room.
Dynamic Response Mechanism of Thin-Walled Metallic Defensive Structure from Explosion in Transportation
Authors: Yao Shujian , Zhao Nan , Zhang Duo , Wang Zhonggang , Chen Zhen
Published: March 2020

Defensive structure is important in transportation field for kinds of intentional or unintentional explosion. Structures subjected to unconfined and confined explosion will bear different blast loads and their dynamic responses are different. The present work focus on the dynamic response mechanism of steel plate under unconfined and confined blast loads through both numerical and experimental studies. In the experiment, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was applied to record and analyze the dynamic response process of large-scale field blast test. The DIC measured curve and the numerical calculated curves agrees well in both the trends and the peak values. Then, the dynamic response mechanism of steel plate under unconfined blast (UB) load and confined blast (CB) load were compared and discussed. Results show that the dynamic response of plate can be divided into three phases under both UB and CB loads, while with different mechanism. In phase I, plastic hinge starts from the center and moves to the boundary in UB condition, while in case of CB, plastic hinge occurs close to the boundary and moves in the opposite direction. In phase II, two plastic hinge lines propagates towards each other, and a platform exists between the boundary and the central area remains undeformed in UB condition, while in CB condition, larger deformation in peripheral region rather than central area produces.
Effect of Anisotropic Yield Functions on Prediction of Critical Process Window and Deformation Behavior for Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Wang Chu , Li Delun , Meng Bao , Wan Min
Published: March 2020

Owing to the reduction of rupture instability and the avoidance of wrinkle defect, hydrodynamic deep drawing (HDD) process is gradually becoming attractive for fabricating lightweight and complicated products. Meanwhile, since metallic material presents anisotropic deformation behavior, it is necessary to select an appropriate constitutive model for the prediction of plastic deformation behavior of applied material with high precision. In the present research, several anisotropic yield criteria namely, Hill’48, Yld2000-2d and BBC2005 are implemented to investigate the effect of yield functions on the prediction accuracy of the critical process window and deformation behavior for HDD process of 2024 and 5754 aluminum alloys. Material constants in the yield criteria are determined by applying uniaxial and equi-biaxial tension tests and optimizing an error-function by using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Furthermore, the process window diagram is computed utilizing the stress analytical model combined material properties with workpiece geometrical features. Numerical simulation results of predicted material anisotropic parameters, process window and HDD deformation for aluminum alloys are compared with the experimental data. Through the comparison of diverse yield criteria based on materials anisotropic coefficients, critical process window prediction, earing profile, and thickness distribution, it is revealed that the Yld2000-2d and the BBC2005 yield criteria can offer more precise models of material behavior in planar anisotropy properties for HDD process of 2024 and 5754 aluminum alloys.
Nature Controls Nurture in the Development of Sexual Orientation, and Voice is Nature’s Agent
Authors: Salu Yehuda
Published: March 2020

A testable theoretical model is presented, proposing which brain parts and mechanisms are responsible for the nature and the nurture components of all human sexual orientations. The model integrates observations from humans and a wide range of animals. If validated, the model would provide a proximate explanation of the biological substrates of all sexual orientations. The basic assumptions of the model are: (1) Children learn automatically and subconsciously in non-sexual conditioning experiences cues for recognizing sexual mates. That skill emerges at puberty. (2) Adults in the child’s surroundings act as innocuous, unaware role-models that provide the learned cues for recognizing mates. (3) Voices of men and women serve as the innate, primary unconditioned stimuli (US) in that learning process. (4) The hypothalamus is the main area that elicits the signals of the unconditioned responses (UR). Those signals trigger the learning of the associated conditioned stimuli (CS) broadcasted by the role-models. (5) The amygdala, base nuclei of the Stria Terminalis (bnST) and hypothalamus play in humans similar roles to those they play in the other species. (6) The human medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) plays the roles played by the olfactory bulbs in rodents. (7) Detectors of innate primary US and activators of the unconditioned sexual responses (UR) are located in the MGN, Amygdala, bnST and Hypothalamus Axis (MASHA). The learned conditioned stimuli (CS) are recorded in the MASHA and in cortical areas. (8) The innate US-UR connections vary across three groups of children. In the first group, only men’s voices trigger the UR. In the second group, only women’s voices trigger the UR, and in a third group each voice can trigger the UR. That determines the learned cues. The first group will be attracted at puberty only to men, the second only to women, and the third group to both.
Optimal Water Allocation in Golden Triangle Energy Region-A case study of Ningxia District.
Authors: Zhang Yiqing , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: March 2020

There are abundant coal, oil and natural gas resources in "Golden Triangle" energy region. Energy resources development, coal chemical industry, coal power and other industries play an important role in promoting regional economic growth, but facing the insufficient water supply. Under the condition of marginal equilibrium of water resources, the paper firstly analyzes the water utilization, and calculates the potential water-saving amount. Then, the paper constructs a cooperative game model and allocates the newly increased GDP by using the weight distribution method. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions to reduce the efficiency gap of water utilization among regions.
Sequence Variations of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α (C/EBPα) gene encoding meat quality in local and exotic cattle breeds
Authors: Margawati Endang Tri , Wardhana Hajar Indra , Radiastuti Nani , Volkandari Slamet Diah
Published: March 2020

Gene of C/EBPα is a gene associated with lipid composition and distribution, the gene therefore contributes in enhancing of meat quality. There is no information of sequence variations of C/EBPα gene investigation in local and exotic beef cattle in Indonesia. This research was aimed to detect the presence of sequence variations of C/EBPα gene in local beef and exotic cattle. Twelve samples were used in this study such as Bali cattle (2), Ongole grade (2), Pasundan (2), Friesian Holstein (1), Angus (1), Simmental (2), Limousin (1) and Banteng (1). Several steps of the research were DNA extraction and quantification, amplification (PCR), electrophoresis, sequencing and sequence analysis of C/EBPα gene. DNA was collected either from blood or hair bulbs.  Determination of homolog bases of C/EBPα gene was based on BLAST result while base sequence variation was analyzed by using MEGA 6. The result showed that all cattle samples were confirmed bearing the C/EBPα gene that amplified along of 1,339 bp. and annealing temperature of 54°C. It was obtained three nucleotide variations at the position of 870 (G→A), 931 (A→G) and 1196 (G→A) only found in Bali cattle and Banteng, but there were no nucleotide variations in the local beef cattle, exotic cattle and the sequence reference of Bos taurus (Japanese Black/Acc No. DQ068270.1; Hanwoo/Acc No. D82984.1; Qinchuan/Acc No. NM_176784.2). Those nucleotide variations caused changing of amino acid of Alanine to Threonine at 931 and Asparagine to Serine at 1196. Mutation at position 271 changed nucleotide Cytosine to Adenine (C271A) that found in PO and Simmental cattle. Further research is needed to confirm the changing of amino acid of C/EBPα gene in Bali cattle might affect to meat quality.