bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 detection by targeting four loci of viral genome using graphene oxide and gold nanoparticle DNA biosensor
Authors: Babadi Arman Amani , Rahmati Shahrooz , Fakhlaei Rafieh , Heidari Reza , Baradaran Saeid , Akbariqomi Mostafa , Wang Shuang , Tavoosidana Gholamreza , Doherty William , Ostrikov Kostya
Published: November 2022

The current COVID-19 pandemic outbreak poses a serious threat to public health, demonstrating the critical need for the development of effective and reproducible detection tests. Since the RT-qPCR primers are highly specific and can only be designed based on the known sequence, mutation sensitivity is its limitation. Moreover, the mutations in the severe acute respiratory syndrome β-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) genome led to new highly transmissible variants such as Delta and Omicron variants. In the case of mutation, RT-qPCR primers cannot recognize and attach to the target sequence. This research presents an accurate dual-platform DNA biosensor based on the colorimetric assay of gold nanoparticles and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. It simultaneously targets four different regions of the viral genome for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants prior to any sequencing. Hence, in the case of mutation in one of the target sequences, the other three probes could detect the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The method is based on visible biosensor color shift and a locally enhanced electromagnetic field and significantly amplified SERS signal due to the proximity of Sulfo-Cyanine 3 (Cy3) and AuNPs intensity peak at 1468 cm-1. The dual-platform DNA/GO/AuNP biosensor exhibits high sensitivity toward the viral genome with a LOD of 0.16 ng/µL. This is a safe point-of-care, naked-eye, equipment-free, and rapid (10 min) detection biosensor for diagnosing COVID-19 cases at home using a nasopharyngeal sample.
Clinical-pharmacological drug information center of Hannover Medical School: experiences and analysis from a tertiary care university hospital
Authors: Heck Johannes , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Sabau Ruxandra , Schröder Christoph , Engeli Stefan , Pape Thorben , O’Connell Nina , Schumacher Carsten , Krause Olaf , Koop Felix
Published: November 2022

Drug information centers (DICs) are institutions dedicated to provide objective, independent, and up-to-date information on drugs and their rational use. To overcome the lack of recent DIC reports from central Europe, we analyzed all queries (n = 594) submitted to the DIC run by the Institute for Clinical Pharmacology of Hannover Medical School between October 2018 and April 2022. Approximately one in three queries (31.1%; 185/594) was submitted by internists. 82.8% (492/594) of the queries were patient-specific, while the remaining 17.2% (102/594) were general queries. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), indications/contraindications, and pharmacodynamic interactions (PDIs) represented the three most frequently addressed query categories, being involved in 44.8% (266/594), 43.3% (257/594), and 34.3% (204/594) of all queries, respectively (assignment of more than one category per query was possible). As compared to general queries, patient-specific queries were statistically significantly more often related to ADRs, PDIs, and pharmacokinetic interactions (PKIs) (ADRs: 35.3% vs. 46.7%, P = 0.034; PDIs: 14.7% vs. 38.4%, P < 0.001; PKIs: 20.6% vs. 31.5%, P = 0.028). To demonstrate the complexity of queries submitted to the clinical-pharmacological DIC, we present and comment on an illustrative selection of queries.
Loss of reef roughness increases residence time on an idealized coral reef
Authors: Lindhart M.
Published: November 2022

Through idealized, numerical models this paper investigates flows on a reef geometry which has received significant attention in the literature; a shallow, fringing reef with deeper, shore-ward pools or lagoons. Given identical model geometries and varying only reef flat drag coefficients between model runs ($$C_D = [0.001,0.005,0.01,0.05,0.1]$$

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), two distinct circulation patterns emerge. One is related to low reef water levels and high roughness, and efficiently flushes the entire reef system resulting in low residence times (an ‘open reef’). The other is related to high reef water levels and low roughness, and in spite of the development of an offshore undertow, this dynamic is inefficient at flushing the reef-pool system and facilitating exchange flow with offshore waters (a ‘closed reef’). This paper shows that even given indistinguishable geometry and offshore conditions, this information is insufficient to predict reef dynamics, and suggests that reef roughness (and thus reef health) plays a comparable role in determining circulation patterns and residence times. Furthermore, a transition from open to closed or vice versa caused by e.g., a loss of reef roughness or increase in mean sea level could have implications for transport and mixing of nutrients and water masses, as well as larval dispersal.
Crop diversification and parasitic weed abundance: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Scott D. , Freckleton R. P.
Published: November 2022

Parasitic weeds cause huge annual losses to food production globally. A small number of species from the generaCuscuta, Orobanche, PhelipancheandStrigahave proliferated across many agroecological zones. Their control is compromised due to the lack of efficacy of conventional herbicides and their rapid adaptation to new resistant crop cultivars. A broad range of studies suggest consistent reductions in parasitic weed densities owing to increased spatial (intercropping) and temporal diversity (crop rotation). However, to date, no synthesis of this body of research has been published. Here we report the results of a meta-analysis using 1525 paired observations from 67 studies across 24 countries, comparing parasitic weed density and crop yields from monocrop and more diverse cropping systems. We found both spatial and temporal crop diversification had a significant effect on parasitic weed density reduction. Furthermore, our results show effects of spatial diversification are stronger in suppressing parasitic weeds than temporal effects. Furthermore, the analysis indicates intercrops which alter both microclimate and soil chemistry (e.g.Crotalaria, Stylosanthes, Berseem clover andDesmodium) are most effective in parasitic weed management. This analysis serves to underline the viability of crop diversification as a tool to enhance food security globally.
Association between vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 infection and mortality
Authors: Gibbons Jason B. , Norton Edward C. , McCullough Jeffrey S. , Meltzer David O. , Lavigne Jill , Fiedler Virginia C. , Gibbons Robert D.
Published: November 2022

Vitamin D deficiency has long been associated with reduced immune function that can lead to viral infection. Several studies have shown that Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increases the risk of infection with COVID-19. However, it is unknown if treatment with Vitamin D can reduce the associated risk of COVID-19 infection, which is the focus of this study. In the population of US veterans, we show that Vitamin D2and D3fills were associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection of 28% and 20%, respectively [(D3Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.80, [95% CI 0.77, 0.83]), D2HR = 0.72, [95% CI 0.65, 0.79]]. Mortality within 30-days of COVID-19 infection was similarly 33% lower with Vitamin D3and 25% lower with D2(D3HR = 0.67, [95% CI 0.59, 0.75]; D2HR = 0.75, [95% CI 0.55, 1.04]). We also find that after controlling for vitamin D blood levels, veterans receiving higher dosages of Vitamin D obtained greater benefits from supplementation than veterans receiving lower dosages. Veterans with Vitamin D blood levels between 0 and 19 ng/ml exhibited the largest decrease in COVID-19 infection following supplementation. Black veterans received greater associated COVID-19 risk reductions with supplementation than White veterans. As a safe, widely available, and affordable treatment, Vitamin D may help to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluate the stability of the vehicle when using the active suspension system with a hydraulic actuator controlled by the OSMC algorithm
Authors: Nguyen Duc Ngoc , Nguyen Tuan Anh
Published: November 2022

The ride comfort is controlled by the suspension system. In this article, an active suspension system is used to control vehicle vibration. Vehicle oscillations are simulated by a quarter-dynamic model with five state variables. This model includes the influence of the hydraulic actuator in the form of linear differential equations. This is a completely novel model. Besides, the OSMC algorithm is proposed to control the operation of the active suspension system. The controller parameters are optimized by the in-loop algorithm. According to the results of the study, under normal oscillation situations, the maximum and average values of the sprung mass were significantly reduced when the OSMC algorithm was applied. In dangerous situations, the wheel is completely separated from the road surface if the vehicle uses only the passive suspension system or active suspension system with a conventional linear control algorithm. In contrast, the interaction between the wheel and the road surface is always guaranteed when the OSMC algorithm is used to control the operation of the active suspension system. The efficiency that this algorithm brings is very high.
Indication of a personality trait in dairy calves and its link to weight gain through automatically collected feeding behaviours
Authors: Carslake Charles , Occhiuto Francesca , Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge A. , Kaler Jasmeet
Published: November 2022

Farm animal personality traits are of interest since they can help predict individual variation in behaviour and productivity. However, personality traits are currently inferred using behavioural tests which are impractical outside of research settings. To meet the definition of a personality trait, between-individual differences in related behaviours must be temporally as well as contextually stable. In this study, we used data collected by computerised milk feeders from 76 calves over two contexts, pair housing and group housing, to test if between-individual differences in feeding rate and meal frequency meet the definition for a personality trait. Results show that between-individual differences in feeding rate and meal frequency were related, and, for each behaviour, between-individual differences were positively and significantly correlated across contexts. In addition, feeding rate and meal frequency were positively and significantly associated with weight gain. Together, these results indicate the existence of a personality trait which positions high meal frequency, fast drinking, fast growing calves at one end and low meal frequency, slow drinking, and slow growing calves at the other. Our results suggest that data already available on commercial farms could be harnessed to establish a personality trait.
Development of a multi-use decision support system for scientific management and breeding of sheep
Authors: Hamadani Ambreen , Ganai Nazir A.
Published: November 2022

As the challenges of food insecurity and population explosion become more pressing, there is a dire need to revamp the existing breeding and animal management systems. This can be achieved by the introduction of technology for efficiency and the improvement of the genetic merit of animals. A fundamental requirement for animal breeding is the availability of accurate and reliable pedigreed data and tools facilitating sophisticated computations. Keeping this in view, Smart Sheep Breeder (SSB) was developed using the waterfall methodology and multiple programming languages. It is a multi-use online artificial intelligence (AI) based and internet of things (IoT) compatible decision support system (DSS). It is capable of automatic performance recording, farm data management, data mining, biometrical analysis, e-governance, and decision-making in sheep farms. A centralized database was also developed capable of ranking sheep across multiple farms based on genetic merit and effective dissemination of germplasm. The system in India is available as a web-based tool and android application which facilitates performance recording and generates customized reports on various aspects of sheep production. SSB uses artificial intelligence and biometrical genetic algorithms to calculate breeding values, and inbreeding coefficients, construct selection indices and generate pedigree, and history sheets as well as more than 40 types of custom-tailored animal and farm reports and graphs. The algorithms used were validated using on farms using farm data and also by comparison with established methods and software. Smart Sheep Breeder could thus prove to be indispensable for the present farming systems which could be used by sheep farm managers and breeders across India.
Enhancement of color and photovoltaic performance of semi-transparent organic solar cell via fine-tuned 1D photonic crystal
Authors: Çetinkaya Çağlar , Çokduygulular Erman , Kınacı Barış , Emik Serkan , Sönmez Nihan Akın , Özçelik Süleyman
Published: November 2022

Semi-transparent organic solar cells’ (ST-OSCs) photovoltaic and high optical performance parameters are evaluated in innovative applications such as power-generating windows for buildings, automobiles, and aesthetic designs in architectural and industrial products. These parameters require the precision design of structures that optimize optical properties in the visible region and aim to achieve the required photon harvest in UV and IR. These designs can be realized by integrating wavelength-selective photonics-based systems into ST-OSC to increase localized absorption in wavelengths greater than 600 nm and NIR and provide modifiable optical properties. In this study, methodologically, we followed highly detailed light management engineering and transfer matrix method-based theoretical and experimental approaches. We discussed the optimal structures by evaluating color, color rendering index, correlated color temperature, and photovoltaic performances for ST-OSCs, including one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D-PC) designed at different resonance wavelengths (λB) and periods. Finally, by integrating fine-tuned (MgF2/MoO3)N 1D-PC, we report the inherently dark purple-red color of the P3HT:PCBM bulk-heterojunction-based ST-OSC neutralizes with the optimal state was 0.3248 and 0.3733 by adjusting close to the Planckian locus. We also enhanced short current density from 5.77 mA/cm2 to 6.12 mA/cm2 and PCE were increased by 7.34% from 1.77% to 1.90% designed for the N = 4 period and λB = 700 nm.
Surface roughness prediction of aircraft after coating removal based on optical image and deep learning
Authors: Hu Qichun , Xu Haojun , Chang Yipeng
Published: November 2022

To quickly evaluate the surface quality of aircraft after coating removal, a surface roughness prediction method based on optical image and deep learning model is proposed. In this paper, the "optical image-surface roughness" data set is constructed, and SSEResNet for regression prediction of surface roughness is designed by using feature fusion method. SSEResNet can effectively extract the detailed features of optical images, and Adam method is used for training optimization. Experiments show that the proposed model outperforms the other seven CNN backbone networks compared. This paper also investigates the effect of four different learning rate decay strategies on model training and prediction performance. The results show that the learning rate decay method of Cosine Annealing with warm restart has the best effect, its test MAE value is 0.245 μm, and the surface roughness prediction results are more consistent with the real value. The work of this paper is of great significance to the removal and repainting of aircraft coatings.
Adaptive coding occurs in object categorization and may not be associated with schizotypal personality traits
Authors: Giarratana Anna O. , Kaliuzhna Mariia , Kaiser Stefan , Tobler Philippe N.
Published: November 2022

Processing more likely inputs with higher sensitivity (adaptive coding) enables the brain to represent the large range of inputs coming in from the world. Healthy individuals high in schizotypy show reduced adaptive coding in the reward domain but it is an open question whether these deficits extend to non-motivational domains, such as object categorization. Here, we develop a novel variant of a classic task to test range adaptation for face/house categorization in healthy participants on the psychosis spectrum. In each trial of this task, participants decide whether a presented image is a face or a house. Images vary on a face-house continuum and appear in both wide and narrow range blocks. The wide range block includes most of the face-house continuum (2.50–97.5% face), while the narrow range blocks limit inputs to a smaller section of the continuum (27.5–72.5% face). Adaptive coding corresponds to better performance for the overlapping smaller section of the continuum in the narrow range than in the wide range block. We find that participants show efficient use of the range in this task, with more accurate responses in the overlapping section for the narrow range blocks relative to the wide range blocks. However, we find little evidence that range adaptation in our object categorization task is reduced in healthy individuals scoring high on schizotypy. Thus, reduced range adaptation may not be a domain-general feature of schizotypy.
Escherichia coli ST155 as a production-host of three different polyvalent phages and their characterisation with a prospect for wastewater disinfection
Authors: Salim Amrita , Madhavan Ajith , Subhash Suja , Prasad Megha , Nair Bipin G. , Pal Sanjay
Published: November 2022

Bacteriophages are generally specific, and a cocktail of phages is needed to combat different bacterial targets. Their production usually requires pathogenic isolation hosts. We identified a novel strain, Escherichia coli ST155, that could serve as a production host for three different polyvalent phages (ϕPh_SE03, ϕPh_SD01, and ϕPh_EC01), thus superseding the use of individual isolation hosts. Upon propagation in E. coli ST155, the phages demonstrated differential intergeneric infectivity against Salmonella enterica, E. coli OP50, Shigella dysenteriae, E. coli MDR, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Phages were characterised based on morphology, latent period, burst size, the efficiency of plating, and restriction enzyme profile. Survival assay on Caenorhabditis elegans, the absence of Shiga toxin, and enterotoxigenic E. coli virulence genes indicated that E. coli ST155 could be non-pathogenic. Lack of antibiotic resistance and absence of functional prophages rendered the host suitable for environmental applications. As a proof-of-concept, phage ϕPh_SE03 was produced in ST155 by employing a unique Bacteriophage Amplification Reactor-Lytics Broadcasting System and was simultaneously disseminated into S. enterica augmented wastewater, which resulted in a 3-log reduction in 24 h. The study establishes the potential of E. coli ST155 as a phage production host thereby minimising the possibility of accidental release of pathogenic hosts into wastewater.
Association between cholesterol levels and dementia risk according to the presence of diabetes and statin use: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lee You-Bin , Kim Min Young , Han Kyungdo , Kim Bongsung , Park Jiyun , Kim Gyuri , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Jae Hyeon , Jin Sang-Man
Published: November 2022

We explored the association between cholesterol levels and dementia risk according to the presence of diabetes and statin use. In this population-based longitudinal cohort study, the Korean National Health Insurance Service datasets (2002–2017) were used. Among individuals aged ≥ 40 years who underwent health examinations in 2009 (N = 6,883,494), the hazard of dementia was evaluated according to cholesterol levels. During a median 8.33 years, 263,185 dementia cases were detected. In statin non-users with or without diabetes, the hazards of all-cause dementia were highest for those in the lowest quartile or quintile of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, showing an inverted J-shaped relationship. Among statin users with or without diabetes, an advance in LDL-C group was associated with an increase in hazards of all-cause dementia. In statin users with diabetes, even very low LDL-C level was not associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. Although there was a seemingly paradoxical association between low LDL-C level and dementia risk in statin non-users, the trend was not observed in statin users and is not likely to be clinically relevant. Rather, an advance in LDL-C levels was associated with an increase in the hazard of all-cause dementia in statin users, regardless of the presence of diabetes.
Differences in lung and lobe volumes between supine and upright computed tomography in patients with idiopathic lung fibrosis
Authors: Chubachi Shotaro , Okamori Satoshi , Yamada Yoshitake , Yamada Minoru , Yokoyama Yoichi , Niijima Yuki , Kamata Hirofumi , Ishii Makoto , Fukunaga Koichi , Jinzaki Masahiro
Published: November 2022

No clinical study has compared lung or lobe volumes on computed tomography (CT) between the supine and standing positions in patients with idiopathic lung fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to compare lung and lobe volumes between the supine and standing positions and evaluate the correlations between the supine/standing lung volumes on CT and pulmonary function in patients with IPF. Twenty-three patients with IPF underwent a pulmonary function test and both low-dose conventional (supine position) and upright CT (standing position) during inspiration breath-holds. The volumes of the total lungs and lobes were larger in the standing than in the supine position in patients with IPF (all p < 0.05). Spearman's correlation coefficients between total lung volumes on chest CT in supine/standing positions and vital capacity (VC) or forced VC (FVC) were 0.61/0.79 or 0.64/0.80, respectively. CT-based volumes on upright CT were better correlated with VC and FVC than those on supine CT. Lung and lobe volumes in the standing position may be useful biomarkers to assess disease severity or therapeutic effect in patients with IPF.
Exploring structure, microbiota, and metagenome functions of epigean and hypogean black deposits by microscopic, molecular and bioinformatic approaches
Authors: Farda Beatrice , Vaccarelli Ilaria , Ercole Claudia , Djebaili Rihab , Del Gallo Maddalena , Pellegrini Marika
Published: November 2022

This study revealed how Bacteria and Archaea communities and their metabolic functions differed between two groups of black deposits identified in gorge and cave environments. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyse the presence of microbial biosignatures and the elemental composition of samples. Metabarcoding of the V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA was used to investigate Bacteria and Archaea communities. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing results, PICRUSt software was used to predict metagenome functions. Micrographs showed that samples presented microbial biosignatures and microanalyses highlighted Mn concretions and layers on Al-Si surfaces. The 16S rRNA metabarcoding alpha-diversity metrics showed similar Simpson's and Shannon indices and different values of the Chao-1 index. The amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) analysis at the different taxonomic levels showed a diverse genera composition. However, the communities of all samples shared the presence of uncultured ASVs belonging to the Gemmatales family (Phylogenesis: Gemmataceae; Planctomycetes; Planctomycetota; Bacteria). The predicted metagenome functions analysis revealed diverse metabolic profiles of the Cave and Gorge groups. Genes coding for essential Mn metabolism were present in all samples. Overall, the findings on structure, microbiota, and predicted metagenome functions showed a similar microbial contribution to epigean and hypogean black deposits Mn metabolism.
High throughput 3D gel-based neural organotypic model for cellular assays using fluorescence biosensors
Authors: Kundu Srikanya , Boutin Molly E. , Strong Caroline E. , Voss Ty , Ferrer Marc
Published: November 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models that capture native-like physiological features of tissues are being pursued as clinically predictive assays for therapeutics development. A range of these models are being developed to mimic brain morphology, physiology, and pathology of neurological diseases. Biofabrication of 3D gel-based cellular systems is emerging as a versatile technology to produce spatially and cell-type tailored, physiologically complex and native-like tissue models. Here we produce 3D fibrin gel-based functional neural co-culture models with human-iPSC differentiated dopaminergic or glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes. We further introduce genetically encoded fluorescence biosensors and optogenetics activation for real time functional measurements of intracellular calcium and levels of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters, in a high-throughput compatible plate format. We use pharmacological perturbations to demonstrate that the drug responses of 3D gel-based neural models are like those expected from in-vivo data, and in some cases, in contrast to those observed in the equivalent 2D neural models.
Gene–gene interaction detection with deep learning
Authors: Cui Tianyu , El Mekkaoui Khaoula , Reinvall Jaakko , Havulinna Aki S. , Marttinen Pekka , Kaski Samuel
Published: November 2022

The extent to which genetic interactions affect observed phenotypes is generally unknown because current interaction detection approaches only consider simple interactions between top SNPs of genes. We introduce an open-source framework for increasing the power of interaction detection by considering all SNPs within a selected set of genes and complex interactions between them, beyond only the currently considered multiplicative relationships. In brief, the relation between SNPs and a phenotype is captured by a neural network, and the interactions are quantified by Shapley scores between hidden nodes, which are gene representations that optimally combine information from the corresponding SNPs. Additionally, we design a permutation procedure tailored for neural networks to assess the significance of interactions, which outperformed existing alternatives on simulated datasets with complex interactions, and in a cholesterol study on the UK Biobank it detected nine interactions which replicated on an independent FINRISK dataset.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular heterogeneity in mouse intra- and extra articular ligaments
Authors: Ishibashi Kyota , Ikegami Kentaro , Shimbo Takashi , Sasaki Eiji , Kitayama Tomomi , Nakamura Yuzuru , Tsushima Takahiro , Ishibashi Yasuyuki , Tamai Katsuto
Published: November 2022

Ligaments are collagenous connective tissues that connect bones. Injury of knee ligaments, namely anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), is common in athletes. Both ligaments have important functions, but distinct regeneration capacities. The capacity for recovery after injury also diminishes with age. However, cellular heterogeneity in the ligaments remains unclear. Here, we profiled the transcriptional signatures of ACL and MCL cells in mice using single-cell RNA sequencing. These ligaments comprise three fibroblast types expressing Col22a1, Col12a1, or Col14a1, but have distinct localizations in the tissue. We found substantial heterogeneity in Col12a1- and Col14a1-positive cells between ACL and MCL. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that angiogenesis- and collagen regulation-related genes were specifically enriched in MCL cells. Furthermore, we identified age-related changes in cell composition and gene expression in the ligaments. This study delineates cellular heterogeneity in ligaments, serving as a foundation for identifying potential therapeutic targets for ligament injuries.
Development of a ternary cyclodextrin–arginine–ciprofloxacin antimicrobial complex with enhanced stability
Authors: Vukomanovic Marija , Gazvoda Lea , Kurtjak Mario , Hrescak Jitka , Jaklic Blaž , Moya-Andérico Laura , Cendra Maria del Mar , Torrents Eduard
Published: November 2022

Designing useful functionalities in clinically validated, old antibiotics holds promise to provide the most economical solution for the global lack of effective antibiotics, as undoubtedly a serious health threat. Here we show that using the surface chemistry of the cyclodextrin (βCD) cycle and arginine (arg) as a linker, provides more stable ternary antibiotic complex (βCD-arg-cpx). In contrast to classical less stable inclusion complexes, which only modify antibiotic solubility, here-presented ternary complex is more stable and controls drug release. The components of the complex intensify interactions with bacterial membranes and increase the drug’s availability inside bacterial cells, thereby improving its antimicrobial efficacy and safety profile. Multifunctional antibiotics, formulated as drug delivery systems per se, that take the drug to the site of action, maximize its efficacy, and provide optical detectability are envisaged as the future in fighting against infections. Their role as a tool against multiresistant strains remains as interesting challenge open for further research.
Biosynthesis of cannabinoid precursor olivetolic acid in genetically engineered Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Ma Jingbo , Gu Yang , Xu Peng
Published: November 2022

Engineering microbes to produce plant-derived natural products provides an alternate solution to obtain bioactive products. Here we report a systematic approach to sequentially identify the rate-limiting steps and improve the biosynthesis of the cannabinoid precursor olivetolic acid (OLA) inYarrowia lipolytica. We find thatPseudomonas spLvaE encoding a short-chain acyl-CoA synthetase can efficiently convert hexanoic acid to hexanoyl-CoA. The co-expression of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass, the NADPH-generating malic enzyme, as well as the activation of peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway and ATP export pathway are effective strategies to redirect carbon flux toward OLA synthesis. Implementation of these strategies led to an 83-fold increase in OLA titer, reaching 9.18 mg/L of OLA in shake flask culture. This work may serve as a baseline for engineering cannabinoids biosynthesis in oleaginous yeast species.
Microfluidic live tracking and transcriptomics of cancer-immune cell doublets link intercellular proximity and gene regulation
Authors: Flores Bianca C. T. , Chawla Smriti , Ma Ning , Sanada Chad , Kujur Praveen Kumar , Yeung Rudy , Bellon Margot B. , Hukari Kyle , Fowler Brian , Lynch Mark , Chinen Ludmilla T. D. , Ramalingam Naveen , Sengupta Debarka , Jeffrey Stefanie S.
Published: November 2022

Cell–cell communication and physical interactions play a vital role in cancer initiation, homeostasis, progression, and immune response. Here, we report a system that combines live capture of different cell types, co-incubation, time-lapse imaging, and gene expression profiling of doublets using a microfluidic integrated fluidic circuit that enables measurement of physical distances between cells and the associated transcriptional profiles due to cell–cell interactions. We track the temporal variations in natural killer—triple-negative breast cancer cell distances and compare them with terminal cellular transcriptome profiles. The results show the time-bound activities of regulatory modules and allude to the existence of transcriptional memory. Our experimental and bioinformatic approaches serve as a proof of concept for interrogating live-cell interactions at doublet resolution. Together, our findings highlight the use of our approach across different cancers and cell types.
Quantum control of spin qubits using nanomagnets
Authors: Niknam Mohamad , Chowdhury Md. Fahim F. , Rajib Md Mahadi , Misba Walid Al , Schwartz Robert N. , Wang Kang L. , Atulasimha Jayasimha , Bouchard Louis-S.
Published: November 2022

Single-qubit gates are essential components of a universal quantum computer. Without selective addressing of individual qubits, scalable implementation of quantum algorithms is extremely challenging. When the qubits are discrete points or regions on a lattice, selectively addressing magnetic spin qubits at the nanoscale remains a challenge due to the difficulty of localizing and confining a classical divergence-free field to a small volume of space. Herein we propose a technique for addressing spin qubits using voltage-control of nanoscale magnetism, exemplified by the use of voltage control of magnetic anisotropy. We show that by tuning the frequency of the nanomagnet’s electric field drive to the Larmor frequency of the spins confined to a nanoscale volume, and by modulating the phase of the drive, single-qubit quantum gates with fidelities approaching those for fault-tolerant quantum computing can be implemented. Such single-qubit gate operations require only tens of femto-Joules per gate operation and have lossless, purely magnetic field control. Their physical realization is also straightforward using foundry manufacturing techniques.
Emergence and manipulation of non-equilibrium Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states
Authors: Bedow Jasmin , Mascot Eric , Morr Dirk K.
Published: November 2022

The experimental advances in the study of time-dependent phenomena has opened a new path to investigating the complex electronic structure of strongly correlated and topological materials. Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states induced by magnetic impurities in s-wave superconductors provide an ideal candidate system to study the response of a system to time-dependent manipulations of the magnetic environment. Here, we show that by imposing a time-dependent change in the magnetic exchange coupling, by changing the relative alignment of magnetic moments in an impurity dimer, or through a periodic drive of the impurity moment, one can tune the system through a time-dependent quantum phase transition, in which the system undergoes a transition from a singlet to a doublet ground state. We show that the electronic response of the system to external perturbations can be imaged through the time-dependent differential conductance, dI(t)/dV, which, in analogy to the equilibrium case, is proportional to a non-equilibrium local density of states. Our results open the path to visualizing the response of complex quantum systems to time-dependent external perturbations.
Activation energy and force fields during topological transitions of fluid lipid vesicles
Authors: Bottacchiari Matteo , Gallo Mirko , Bussoletti Marco , Casciola Carlo Massimo
Published: November 2022

Topological transitions of fluid lipid membranes are fundamental processes for cell life. For example, they are required for endo- and exocytosis or to enable neurotransmitters to cross the neural synapses. Here, inspired by the idea that fusion and fission proteins could have evolved in Nature in order to carry out a minimal work expenditure, we evaluate the minimal free energy pathway for the transition between two spherical large unilamellar vesicles and a dumbbell-shaped one. To address the problem, we propose and successfully use a Ginzburg-Landau type of free energy, which allows us to uniquely describe without interruption the whole, full-scale topological change. We also compute the force fields needed to overcome the involved energy barriers. The obtained forces are in excellent agreement, in terms of intensity, scale, and spatial localization with experimental data on typical fission protein systems, whereas they suggest the presence of additional features in fusion proteins.
Suppression of the transition to superconductivity in crystal/glass high-entropy alloy nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Xiaofu , Shu Rui , Liu Huanlong , Elsukova Anna , Persson Per O. Å. , Schilling Andreas , von Rohr Fabian O. , Eklund Per
Published: November 2022

Superconducting high entropy alloys (HEAs) may combine extraordinary mechanical properties with robust superconductivity. They are suitable model systems for the investigation of the interplay of disorder and superconductivity. Here, we report on the superconductivity in (TaNb)1-x(ZrHfTi)x thin films. Beyond the near-equimolar region, the films comprise hundreds-of-nanometer-sized crystalline grains and show robust bulk superconductivity. However, the superconducting transitions in these nanocomposites are dramatically suppressed in the near-equimolar configurations, i.e., 0.45 < x < 0.64, where elemental distributions are equivalently homogeneous. Crystal/glass high entropy alloy nanocomposite phase separation was observed for the films in the near-equimolar region, which yields a broadened two-step normal to superconducting transition. Furthermore, the diamagnetic shielding in these films is only observed far below the onset temperature of superconductivity. As these unusual superconducting transitions are observed only in the samples with the high mixing entropy, this compositional range influences the collective electronic properties in these materials.
City or hinterland – site potentials for upscaled aquaponics in a Berlin case study
Authors: Baganz Gösta F. M. , Timpe Axel , Baganz Daniela , Staaks Georg , Hunger Bernd , Kloas Werner , Lohrberg Frank
Published: November 2022

Sustainably feeding the rapidly growing urban populations requires resource-efficient food production solutions, such as aquaponics. To assess its upscaled fruition in city regions, we applied system analysis to depict determinants of aquaponics at a mesoscale. Using Berlin as a case study, site potentials regarding the production of freshwater fish, tomatoes, and lettuce to achieve self-sufficiency were investigated. We analysed planning documents by text mining and applied geographic information system procedures to evaluate this technology’s spatial efficacy in intra- and peri-urban spaces, considering aspects of economy, sustainability and spatial distribution. In a facility-based approach, we contrasted specific intra- and peri-urban site potentials with their different boundary conditions. A thereupon-based scenario allocates approximately 20% of the production volume in Berlin, 80% in its hinterland, and emphasises the crucial use of circular economy resources in both spaces. Policy recommendations and the transferability of this realistic approach will support the implementation of aquaponics.
Point-defect avalanches mediate grain boundary diffusion
Authors: Chesser Ian , Mishin Yuri
Published: November 2022

Grain boundary diffusion in polycrystalline materials is a physical phenomenon of great fundamental interest and practical significance. Although accelerated atomic transport along grain boundaries has been known for decades, atomic-level understanding of diffusion mechanisms remains poor. Previous atomistic simulations focused on low temperatures where the grain boundary structure is ordered or high temperatures where it is highly disordered. Here, we conduct molecular dynamics simulations of grain boundary diffusion at intermediate temperatures most relevant to applications. A surprising result of this work is the observation of intermittent GB diffusion behavior and its strong system-size dependence unseen in previous work. Both effects are found to originate from thermally activated point-defect avalanches. We identify the length and time scales of the avalanches and link their formation to dynamic heterogeneity in partially disordered systems. Our findings have implications for future computer modeling of grain boundary diffusion and mass transport in nano-scale materials.
Subpolar gyre decadal variability explains the recent oxygenation in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Feucher Charlène , Portela Esther , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Thierry Virginie
Published: November 2022

Accurate monitoring of the long-term trend of oxygen content at global scale requires a better knowledge of the regional oxygen variability at interannual to decadal time scale. Here, we combined the Argo dataset and repeated ship-based sections to investigate the drivers of the oxygen variability in the North Atlantic Ocean, a key region for the oxygen supply into the deep ocean. We focus on the Labrador Sea Water in the Irminger Sea over the period 1991–2018 and we show that the oxygen solubility explains less than a third of the oxygen variability. In turn, the main drivers of the oxygen variability are due to changes in vertical mixing, advection, and other processes as revealed by Apparent Oxygen Utilization computation. Our findings revealed the key role of physical processes on the changes in oxygen variability and highlight the need of keeping a sustained monitoring of those processes to disentangle human-induced changes in oxygen from decadal natural variability.
Post-synthetic regulation of the fluorescence of CDs: insights into the fluorescence mechanism
Authors: Huang Qingchun , Sun Hongcan , Lu Changgui , Wang Chunlei , Xu Shuhong
Published: November 2022

A novel strategy to regulate the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs) by post-treatment is reported and employed as a new method to investigate the different origins of the multiple emissions.
Mimic enzymatic preparation of conductive supramolecular-polymeric hydrogels with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for accelerating wound healing
Authors: Wei Qingcong , Wang Yuke , Jia Liyang , Ma Guanglei , Shi Xiaofang , Zhang Weiwei , Hu Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

A new strategy for preparing multifunctional supramolecular polymeric hydrogels for promoting wound healing ability.
Designing polymersomes with inhomogeneous membranes by co-assembly of block copolymers for controlled morphological reversibility
Authors: Wang Zhikun , Fu Liangliang , Zhu Huafeng , Li Fengting , Li Chunling , Sun Shuangqing , Hu Songqing
Published: November 2022

Polymersomes with inhomogeneous membranes in composition and structure have generated widespread interest for the preparation of functionalized nanocarriers.
ZnIn2S4 with oxygen atom doping and surface sulfur vacancies for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation
Authors: Jing Haitong , Ren Jun , Yue Jianyong , Liu Shiyan , Liang Qifeng , Wu Rong , Wang Yawei , Fang Zebo , Li Huili , Wei Shunhang
Published: November 2022

The synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and oxygen doping can increase the photogenerated carrier lifetime and inhibit carrier recombination in the bulk, which enhances the photocatalytic overall water splitting activity of ZnIn2S4 significantly.
NiFe-LDH/MXene nano-array hybrid architecture for exceptional capacitive lithium storage
Authors: Shen Jian , Yang Guangxu , Duan Guangbin , Guo Xi , Li Li , Cao Bingqiang
Published: November 2022

Homogeneous NiFe-LDH nanoarrays were generated on the surface of Ti3C2Tx-MXene by reflux process. The discharge capacity of as-prepared NiFe-LDH/MXene-500 hybrid material was 894.8 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 (over 300 cycles).
A solvent molecule reconstruction strategy enabling a high-voltage ether-based electrolyte
Authors: Peng Xudong , Wang Tianshuai , Liu Bin , Li Yiju , Zhao Tianshou
Published: November 2022

A strategy for reconstructing the solvent molecules in the DOL-based electrolytes is reported in this work. Excellent performances of high voltage batteries are obtained using the electrolyte at a reduced salt-to-solvent ratio (1 : 3.6).
Enabling rapid pseudocapacitive multi-electron reactions by heterostructure engineering of vanadium oxide for high-energy and high-power lithium storage
Authors: Su Feng , Xing Feifei , Wang Xiao , Liu Fangyan , Zhang Liangzhu , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: November 2022

A 2D heterostructure of V2O5 and graphene overcomes the limitations of reversibility and kinetics for pseudocapacitive multi-electron transfer lithium storage, and a symmetric cell is constructed by decoupling the multi-electron reaction.
Surface acoustic wave induced phenomena in two-dimensional materials
Authors: Nie Xuchen , Wu Xiaoyue , Wang Yang , Ban Siyuan , Lei Zhihao , Yi Jiabao , Liu Ying , Liu Yanpeng
Published: November 2022

Surface acoustic wave (SAW)–matter interaction provides a fascinating key for inducing and manipulating novel phenomena and functionalities in two-dimensional (2D) materials.
A user-guide for polymer purification using dialysis
Authors: Schuett Timo , Anufriev Ilya , Endres Patrick , Stumpf Steffi , Nischang Ivo , Hoeppener Stephanie , Zechel Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. , Geitner Robert
Published: November 2022

Dialysis diffusion kinetics are performed via in situ NMR spectroscopy for numerous different raw polymeric solutions to result in a general guideline for polymer purification using dialysis.
Fe2(MoO4)3 assembled by cross-stacking of porous nanosheets enables a high-performance aluminum-ion battery
Authors: Liang Huanyu , Liu Yongshuai , Zuo Fengkai , Zhang Cunliang , Yang Li , Zhao Linyi , Li Yuhao , Xu Yifei , Wang Tiansheng , Hua Xia , Zhu Yue , Li Hongsen
Published: November 2022

Fe2(MoO4)3 assembled by cross-stacking of porous nanosheets is well designed with impressive Al-storage performance and its Al3+ intercalation/extraction mechanism is also clarified.
Deposition behavior regulated by an SPSF@PMIA nanofiber separator for high-performance zinc ion batteries
Authors: Hu Wei , Ju Jingge , Zhang Yixuan , Tan Wei , Deng Nanping , Liu Weicui , Kang Weimin , Cheng Bowen
Published: November 2022

The non-uniform ion deposition of zinc anodes forming zinc dendrites and the side reactions hinder the large-scale application of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs).
A multifunctional cathode sodiation additive for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Yan , Liu Runnan , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Xie Zhiyong , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2022

1,2,4-Triazole sodium is used as a multifunctional cathode sodiation additive in full-cells, which achieves a NaF-rich cathode electrolyte interface and also inspires a facile method to prepare free-standing electrodes.
The synergistic effect of lead-free quantum dots and SnO2 in glass-ceramics for broadband white-emission
Authors: Huang Qiqiang , Liao Jiayan , Zhang Qinyang , Lai Niu , Zhang Bowen , Wang Chong , Yang Jie , Yang Yu , Wang Juan , Zhang Genlin , Wen Xiaoming , Wang Rongfei
Published: November 2022

The lead-free perovskite QDs and SnO2 glass-ceramics were successfully prepared in a borosilicate system, exhibiting high stability against moisture and high fluorescence efficiency, indicating great prospects for white light-emitting diodes.
Large scale synthesis of carbon dots for efficient luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Liu Bingxu , Wang Lihua , Gong Xiao , Zhao Haiguang , Zhang Yuanming
Published: November 2022

Hundred grams of C-dots are produced by directly heating metal citrate/urea/metal ions. The C-dots have absorption ranging from 300 to 500 nm with a QY of 70%, and a Stokes shift of 0.73 eV. These optical properties are suitable for efficient LSCs.
Generalized discrete‐time equivalent model for interfacing the grid‐connected photovoltaic system
Authors: Shen Fu , Zhang Yutao , Qiu Gefei , Yang Zhiwen , Li Shiwei , Yang Guangbing
Published: November 2022

The power system dynamics have consistently challenged the rapid and persistent proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) systems in power systems. In this paper, the authors propose the generalized discrete‐time equivalent model (GDEM) of PV power generation system using a fourth‐order dynamic equivalent model for representing the physical characteristics of PV power stations in power system dynamic studies. In addition, the authors propose a grid‐connected system model which includes modelling interfaces (MIs) for the GDEM of power grid and the GDEM of PV power generation system in dynamic studies. The proposed equivalent models of the power grid and PV power generation system will improve the simulation accuracy and speed in dynamic power system studies. The authors have used the IEEE 14‐bus system and simulated various types of short‐circuit faults and PV penetration levels in their study to demonstrate the merits of the proposed GDEM of grid‐connected system in power systems. The pertinent simulation results are analyzed and conclusions are presented.