bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evlilik Göçüyle Ankara’ya Gelen Yabancı Gelinlerin Türkçeyle İlişkileri*
Authors: Armağan Elif
Published: March 2023

Bu makalede, birçok ayağı olan göç konusuna, göç ve dil ilişkisi açısından yaklaşılmıştır. Göç ve dil ilişkisi bağla- mında Ankara’ya çeşitli ülkelerden evlilik göçüyle gelen yabancı gelinlerin göç sonrası uyumda tecrübe ettikleri Türkçe öğrenim süreçleri ve kültürel etkileşimleri incelenmiştir. Fas, Rusya, Ukrayna, Endonezya, Romanya, Arnavutluk ve Azerbaycan’dan gönüllü evlilik göçüyle gelen ve yaşları 32 ila 39 arasında değişen 9 katılımcıya görüşme tekniği uygulanarak katılımcılardan ses kaydı alınmış, bu ses kayıtları yazıya dökülerek analiz edilmiştir. Daha önceden be- lirlenen ve her bir katılımcıya yöneltilen sorulara, katılımcılar tarafından verilen cevaplar kendi içerisinde kategorize edilerek ortak maddeler bulunmuş, sonrasında ise tablolarla gösterilip yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada sorular üç ana başlık üzerinden çeşitlendirilmiştir. Birinci başlıkta, katılımcıların Türkçeyle doğrudan yaşadıkları süreç; ikinci başlıkta, çevrenin Türkçe gelişimlerine etkisi; son başlıkta ise Türkçe gelişimlerinde eş ve çocuklarıyla iletişimleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda gönüllü evlilik göçüyle gelen bu kadınların Türkçeyi ya kendi kendilerine ya herhangi bir devlet desteği olmaksızın özel kurslara giderek ya da özel dersler alarak öğrenmeye çalıştıkları görülmüştür. Bir katılımcı dışında diğer katılımcıların iş hayatında aktif olmadıkları için dil öğrenmelerinin eş, aile ve yakın arkadaş çevresiyle sınırlı kaldığı ve diğer sebeplerle birlikte ağırlıklı olarak şu anki Türkçe seviyelerine güvenemediklerinden dolayı çalışma hayatından uzak durdukları tespit edilmiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak farklı kültür ve ana dillerden gelen bu katılımcıların topluma tam anlamıyla uyum sağlayamadıkları gözlemlenmiştir.
Cumhuriyet Modernleşmesinin Taşıyıcısı Olarak Mefkûreci Öğretmen
Authors: Turgut Serkan
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışma, Cumhuriyet dönemi Türk modernleşmesinin halka aktarılması sürecinin en önemli unsurlarından olan Cumhuriyet öğretmeni imgesini odağa almaktadır. Yaptığımız çalışmanın temel amacı; erken Cumhuriyet dönemi bağlamında Türk modernleşme sürecinin ülkenin en ücra köşelerindeki temsilcileri ve tatbik edicileri olan “Cumhuriyet öğretmenleri” gerçekliğini sorunsallaştırmak, bu dönemin öğretmen imgesinin oluşumunu anlamaya çalışmak ve bu imgenin içerimlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi çerçevesinde tasarlanmış ve çalışma verileri oldukça geniş bir alandan toplanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma bu kapsamda giriş ve sonuç kısımları dışında üç ana başlıktan oluşmaktadır. Birinci başlıkta, Cumhuriyet dönemi Türk modernleşmesinin ideolojik ve politik temelleri takip eden başlıkta Cumhuriyet öğretmeni kimliğinin devlet söyleminden öğretmen dergilerine hangi özelliklerle inşa edildiği, son başlıkta ise Cumhuriyet öğ- retmeninin siyasal işlevleri tartışmaya açılmaktadır. Yapılan araştırma, toplumun yüzde sekseninin köylerde yaşadığı bir dönemde, modernleşme sürecinin en önemli unsurları olarak öğretmenlerin vazifelendirildiğini göstermektedir. Dönemin az sayıdaki öğretmen kadrosunu artırmak ve onları toplumu dönüştürme isteğiyle ülkenin en ücra köşelerine gönderebilmek ise zor bir hedeftir. Bu kapsamda, etkileri günümüze değin sürecek mefkûreci Cumhuriyet öğretmeni kimliğinin ön plana çıkarıldığı görülmektedir. Devlet söyleminde inşa edilen bu kimlik, dönemin öğretmenleri tara- fından da sahiplenilmiş, yeniden üretilmiş, idealize edilmiş bir kimlik özelliği göstermektedir.
Reading the Evolution of the World Bank’s Development Discourse on the Economic Theory
Authors: Sarı Aksakal Betül
Published: March 2023

Continuous impact of the international institutions and organizations on the world economic order would not be repudiated. One of them is the World Bank (WB). Bank was established for the purpose of reconstruction of the Western Europe, which was destroyed subsequent to the Second World War, and it also has the characteristic of being an institution determining the development discourses in the world. Bank specifies its development discourse in line with the evolution of the economic theories. On the other hand, it also contributes to the evolution of the economic theory by means of the development discourses it composes. Therefore, it is possible to make mention about the existence of a two-way process between development discourse of the Bank and the evolution of economic theories. This two-way process has been illuminated in this study. It has been demonstrated that Bank has developed a discourse in parallel with the basic principles of Neoclassical theory, Keynesian theory, Harrod-Domar growth model and Neo-Marxist theory from its foundation until the mid-1960s. Since the 1970s, Bank has adopted a discourse based on neoliberal theory as a result of the Keynesian theory’s responseless to the particular structural problems. The rise of the New Institutional Theory in the 1990s brought about Bank’s adoption of discourse which focuses on the state-market cooperation. It would be feasible to claim that Bank has carved out a discourse which hinges on sustainable development in period from the 2000s to the present. However, it is thought that the discourse being constituted both in 1990s and in 2000s has not been parted from the core of the neoliberal theory.
Vefa Sosyal Destek Grupları: Pandemi Sürecinde Kamu Hizmeti ve Vatandaş Memnuniyeti
Authors: Çakır Özbey Dilek , Savaş Gökhan
Published: March 2023

Pandemi sürecinde ortaya çıkan Vefa Sosyal Destek Grupları hem (sosyal) medyada hem de literatürde çoğunlukla sosyal dayanışma ve yardımlaşma üzerinden gündeme gelmektedir. Vefa gruplarının kamu idaresi koordinasyonunda faaliyet göstermesi ise faaliyetlerinin niteliği konusunda kafa karışıklığına sebep olmaktadır. Kimi zaman bir yardımlaşma pratiği ya da sorumluluk hareketi olarak kavramsallaştırılan Vefa grupları, bazen de tabandan örgütlenme pratiğine uygun bir yönetişim uygulaması ve/ya sosyal hizmet faaliyeti olarak da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarının niteliğini ve nasıl kavramsallaştırılması gerektiğini tartışmaya açarak literatüre katkı yapmayı hedeflemektedir. Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarını kamusal bir aktör olarak tanımlayan bu çalışma, faaliyetlerini de salgın sürecinde sokağa çıkmalarının kısıtlanmasıyla temel ihtiyaçlarının sağlanması noktasında mağduriyet yaşayan vatandaşlara yönelik sunulan kamu hizmeti olarak kavramsallaştırmaktadır. Vefa gruplarının hizmetlerinin son dönemde sosyolojik açıdan üzerinde durulan ‘hastalık’ ve ‘yaşlılık’ üzerinden organize edilmesi, pandemi sürecinde dezavantajlı grupların yeniden tanımlanması ve bu gruplara yönelik ilgili kamu hizmetlerinin belirlenmesinde önemlidir. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında söz konusu kamu hizmetine yönelik vatandaş memnuniyet anketi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Vatandaş memnuniyeti bağlamında (1) Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarının doğrudan hizmet sunduğu vatandaşların (2) bu faaliyetlerden yararlanmamış vatandaşların ve (3) Vefa Sosyal Destek Gruplarında yer almış kamu personelinin ilgili hizmete yönelik algıları ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmektedir.
The Role of the Media in the Process of Political Socialization: A Study on University Students
Authors: Türkmenoğlu Ahmet Tarık
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışma siyasal toplumsallaşma sürecinde medyanın rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda araştırmada medya ve siyasal toplumsallaşma arasındaki ilişkinin üniversite öğrencileri özelinde tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada medya, hem geleneksel hem de sosyal medyayı kapsayacak şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Nicel yöntemle hazırlanan çalışmada veriler anket tekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiş, bu kapsamda yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla örneklem olarak seçilen 675 üniversite öğrencisine anketler uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada araştırmanın temel problematiği çerçevesinde araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen ölçek uygulanmıştır. Ölçek için uygulanan güvenilirlik analizi sonucunda Cronbach’s Alpha değeri 0,933 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 35 maddeden oluşan ölçek gerçekleştirilen faktör analizi sonucunda 6 faktör altında toplanmış ve söz konusu faktörlerin toplam varyansın %60,195’ini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen diğer analizler sonucunda medya faktörü eli hem siyasal içerik takibi hem de katılımcıların gerçekleştirdikleri siyasal eylemler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan bireyin siyasallığına ilişkin olarak, medyanın en çok sahip olunan siyasal düşüncelerin pekiştirilmesi yönünde bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Comparison of BiP and HSP70i as markers of unfolded protein response (UPR) in segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo
Authors: Setyanto Boedhy , Kalim Handono , Poeranto Sri , Widasmara Dhelya
Published: March 2023

Background: Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a misfolded protein that occurs because oxidative stress disrupts cellular redox potential that extends to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and inducible heat shock protein (HSP70i) as ER chaperons play critical roles in melanocyte apoptosis. Our study aims to compare BiP and HSP70i as markers of UPR in patients with segmental vitiligo (SV) and non-segmental vitiligo (NSV).

Methods: The subjects were composed of 64 patients diagnosed with vitiligo, of whom 33 had NSV and 31 had SV. Skin biopsy and immunofluorescence were performed. We used BiP and HSP70i as markers of UPR. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results: UPR-BiP expression and UPR-HSP70i in the SV group was 2.66 ± 3.07 and 3.85 ± 4.92, respectively, with a p-value of 0.001 (<α = 0.05). In the NSV group UPR-BiP expression and UPR-HSP70i was 12.55 ± 11.85 and 14.79 ± 14.72 respectively, with a p-value of 0.001 (<α = 0.05). UPR expression using the HSP70i marker in both NSV and SV groups was higher than it was using the BiP marker. The relationship between UPR-HSP70i expression and UPR-BiP expression in the SV and NSV group was significant (p <0.05) and positive.

Conclusions: HSP70i is superior to BiP as a marker for expressing UPR.
Case Report: Postsurgical hallux varus in which metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis was useful
Authors: Kondo Naoki , Igarashi Tetsuya , Inukai Tomoya , Kawashima Hiroyuki
Published: March 2023

A 74-year-old Japanese woman who underwent Mann’s procedure with fibular sesamoidectomy for left hallux valgus 21 years ago complained of left hallucis pain. She was diagnosed with iatrogenic hallux varus and hammer toe deformities. Metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis and shortening oblique osteotomy were performed. After surgery, the hallux valgus angle improved from -28° to 0°, and the intermetatarsal angle between the first and the second metatarsus improved from 0° to 6°. The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot score improved from 75 to 81 points. She could walk without pain and sustained no deformity at 4 years after the surgery.
METHODOLOGICAL ELEMENTS OF THE UNIFIED ACCOUNTING POLICY OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDING COMPANIES
Authors: Ermakova Mariya , Kostina Zinaida
Published: March 2023

In this article, the authors have highlighted the basic information that should be reflected in the accounting policy of the agricultural holding in relation to accounting methods. Th e mandatory elements of the methodological section of the accounting policy of the agricultural holding for accounting purposes are defined. Recommendations on the formation of methodological aspects of the accounting policy of the integrated agricultural structure are presented.
Geomagnetic variations in the frequency range 2.5–12 Hz in the ionospheric F layer as measured by SWARM satellites
Authors: Yagova Nadezhda , Fedorov Eugeny , Pilipenko Vyacheslav , Mazur Nikolay , Martines-Bedenko Valeriy
Published: March 2023

We have analyzed geomagnetic variations in the 2.5–12 Hz frequency range in the ionospheric F layer above the electron density maximum, using data from two SWARM satellites. The analysis is based on the data obtained under weak and moderate magnetic activity for 12 days in September and December 2016. To separate spatial inhomogeneities from time variations of the magnetic field, we analyzed signal waveforms and cross-spectra in a 2.56 s sliding window. A maximum in the occurrence and power spectral density of the variations was found at latitudes above the polar boundary of the auroral oval, which correspond to the magnetospheric input layers and dayside polar cusp/cleft. Typical waveforms of the high-latitude variations are the wave packets lasting for 5–10 periods, recorded with a short time delay by two satellites spaced by 40–100 km. These variations might be the ionospheric manifestation of the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves generated at the non-equatorial magnetosphere near the polar cusp. The waveforms and cross-spectra of the variations are examined in more details for two cases with different spatial distributions of the magnetic field in the ionosphere. For the ionospheric conditions corresponding to event 1 (September 17, 80° geomagnetic latitude, afternoon sector), spatial distributions of wave magnetic field in the ionosphere and on Earth are estimated using a model of Alfvén beam with a finite radius incident on the ionosphere [Fedorov et al., 2018].
Interdicting Attack Plans with Boundedly Rational Players and Multiple Attackers: An Adversarial Risk Analysis Approach
Authors: DuBois Eric , Peper Ashley , Albert Laura A.
Published: March 2023

Cybersecurity planning supports the selection of and implementation of security controls in resource-constrained settings to manage risk. Doing so requires considering adaptive adversaries with different levels of strategic sophistication in modeling efforts to support risk management. However, most models in the literature only consider rational or nonstrategic adversaries. Therefore, we study how to inform defensive decision making to mitigate the risk from boundedly rational players, with a particular focus on making integrated, interdependent planning decisions. To achieve this goal, we introduce a modeling framework for selecting a portfolio of security mitigations that interdict adversarial attack plans that uses a structured approach for risk analysis. Our approach adapts adversarial risk analysis and cognitive hierarchy theory to consider a maximum-reliability path interdiction problem with a single defender and multiple attackers who have different goals and levels of strategic sophistication. Instead of enumerating all possible attacks and defenses, we introduce a solution technique based on integer programming and approximation algorithms to iteratively solve the defender’s and attackers’ problems. A case study illustrates the proposed models and provides insights into defensive planning.

Funding: A. Peper and L. A. Albert were supported in part by the National Science Foundation [Grant 2000986].
A Bayesian Semisupervised Approach to Keyword Extraction with Only Positive and Unlabeled Data
Authors: Wang Guanshen , Cheng Yichen , Xia Yusen , Ling Qiang , Wang Xinlei
Published: March 2023

In the era of big data, people benefit from the existence of tremendous amounts of information. However, availability of said information may pose great challenges. For instance, one big challenge is how to extract useful yet succinct information in an automated fashion. As one of the first few efforts, keyword extraction methods summarize an article by identifying a list of keywords. Many existing keyword extraction methods focus on the unsupervised setting, with all keywords assumed unknown. In reality, a (small) subset of the keywords may be available for a particular article. To use such information, we propose a rigorous probabilistic model based on a semisupervised setup. Our method incorporates the graph-based information of an article into a Bayesian framework via an informative prior so that our model facilitates formal statistical inference, which is often absent from existing methods. To overcome the difficulty arising from high-dimensional posterior sampling, we develop two Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms based on Gibbs samplers and compare their performance using benchmark data. We use a false discovery rate (FDR)-based approach for selecting the number of keywords, whereas the existing methods use ad hoc threshold values. Our numerical results show that the proposed method compared favorably with state-of-the-art methods for keyword extraction.

History: Accepted by Ramaswamy Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science and Machine Learning.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1283 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0234 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7348935 ).
Efficient Solution of Discrete Subproblems Arising in Integer Optimal Control with Total Variation Regularization
Authors: Severitt Marvin , Manns Paul
Published: March 2023

We consider a class of integer linear programs (IPs) that arise as discretizations of trust-region subproblems of a trust-region algorithm for the solution of control problems, where the control input is an integer-valued function on a one-dimensional domain and is regularized with a total variation term in the objective, which may be interpreted as a penalization of switching costs between different control modes. We prove that solving an instance of the considered problem class is equivalent to solving a resource-constrained shortest-path problem (RCSPP) on a layered directed acyclic graph. This structural finding yields an algorithmic solution approach based on topological sorting and corresponding run-time complexities that are quadratic in the number of discretization intervals of the underlying control problem, the main quantifier for the size of a problem instance. We also consider the solution of the RCSPP with an [Formula: see text] algorithm. Specifically, the analysis of a Lagrangian relaxation yields a consistent heuristic function for the [Formula: see text] algorithm and a preprocessing procedure, which can be employed to accelerate the [Formula: see text] algorithm for the RCSPP without losing optimality of the computed solution. We generate IP instances by executing the trust-region algorithm on several integer optimal control problems. The numerical results show that the accelerated [Formula: see text] algorithm and topological sorting outperform a general-purpose IP solver significantly. Moreover, the accelerated [Formula: see text] algorithm is able to outperform topological sorting for larger problem instances. We also give computational evidence that the performance of the superordinate trust-region algorithm may be improved if it is initialized with a solution obtained with the combinatorial integral approximation.

History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1294 .
Conflict, Chaos, and the Art of Institutional Design
Authors: Ganz Scott C.
Published: March 2023

The metaphor of an organization as a garbage can is often invoked as a playful insult. However, as was recognized early on by management theorists studying garbage can ideas, the unpredictability arising from garbage can decision making has the potential to be adaptively rational for organizations facing complex task environments. The chaos produced by preference conflict and fluid participation in collective decision making can aid in search by enabling organizations to escape local performance peaks or competency traps. The decades-old hypothesis that conflict and chaos could promote adaptively rational search, however, has largely been overlooked in research on organizational design. This paper uses an agent-based model to evaluate these competing views and, in the process, identify conditions under which garbage can decision making is adaptively rational for executives searching for high-quality strategies. I show that the biased and chaotic outcomes that emerge as a result of garbage can decision making—the very features of garbage cans that lead them to be perceived to be dysfunctional—can facilitate short-term exploitation and long-term exploration of uncertain technical landscapes when organizations engage in serial judgment of local alternatives if internal conflict over desired outcomes is not too extreme. I conclude that decision-making routines that encourage chaotic conflict are robust to bounded rationality and complex task uncertainty and thus should be included in the organizational designer’s portfolio.

Supplemental Material: The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1662 .
A New Record of Neohelicosporium guangxiense and Its Secondary Metabolites
Authors:   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Zhang Lijuan ,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Ma Jian ,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Ma Xiaoyan ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Feng Xin ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Bai Xuesong ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Huang Yongtao ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China, Jayawardena Ruvishika S. ,   School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mapook Ausana ,   Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Kang Jichuan ,   Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China, Lu Yongzhong ,   School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, Guizhou, China,   Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
Published: March 2023

In a diversity study of helicosporous hyphomycetes, a new record viz. Neohelicosporium guangxiense was collected, isolated and identified based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence. In this study, secondary metabolites of N. guangxiense were also investigated, from which four compounds were isolated and identified, including three α-tetralon derivatives (1-3) and one isocoumarin derivative (4). This is the first time that these compounds were isolated from the fungal genus Neohelicosporium, and compound 1 was firstly isolated from natural resources. Their structures were assigned based on the extensive 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS measurements, especially the 2D NMR spectra of compound 1 were described in detail, and the absolute configuration of compound 1 was also elucidated for the first time. Furthermore, the bioactivities of all compounds were inactive in our bioassays.
Transcriptome Study of Cold Plasma Treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors:   Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia, Liew Kok Jun , Zhang Xinhua ,   School of Photoelectric Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou Jiangsu, China,   Suzhou Amazing Grace Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, Cai Xiaohong ,   Suzhou Amazing Grace Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, Ren Dongdong ,   ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Liu Wei ,   Suzhou Amazing Grace Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, Chang Zhidong ,   Suzhou Amazing Grace Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China, Chong Chun Shiong ,   Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

C old plasma is a disinfection technique widely used in food, agricultural, and medical industries. This work used cold plasma to sterilize Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cell survivability was determined. RNA sequencing was used to determine the bacterial responses at 1 minute (T1), 3 minutes (T3), and 5 minutes (T5) of cold plasma treatments. The results show that longer treatment leads to lower cell survivability. Cold plasma induced rapid cell responses in P. aeruginosa. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that T5 had the most enriched terms compared to T1 and T3. The most affected genes were those involved in antioxidant production, transcriptional regulators, ribosome formation, transporters, chemotaxis, and cell motility. P. aeruginosa’s initial response (T1) to cold plasma involved the upregulation of antioxidant genes, followed by the downregulation of transcriptional regulators, transporters, chemotaxis, and cell motility as the intermediate response (T3), and the final response (T5) included heavy downregulation in ribosome formation. Previous transcriptome studies of cold plasma focused mainly on prokaryotic cells such as E. coli and B. subtilis, while studies on P. aeruginosa are limited. This study demonstrated the sequential response of P. aeruginosa against cold plasma via transcriptome analysis.
Biological Control of Brassicales Ring Spot Disease Caused by Alternaria brassicicola Using Antagonistic Yeasts
Authors:   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Haituk Sukanya , Pakdeeniti Parichad ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Withee Patchareeya ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Karunarathna Anuruddha ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Literatus Irish Claire ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kumla Jaturong ,   Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan ,   Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Innovative Agriculture Research Centre, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Suwannamanee Jintana ,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand, Nguanhom Jeerapa ,   Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
Published: March 2023

T his research investigated the biological control of Ring Spot Disease of Brassicales caused by Alternaria brassicicola, which is an agriculturally important pathogen, using antagonistic yeasts. One hundred fifteen yeasts were isolated from 38 fruits and vegetable leaves. A total of twenty-nine yeast isolates showed the inhibitory activity of A. brassicicola more than a value of 50% by the dual culture method. The result showed that three antagonistic yeast isolates Y107, Y123, and Y16 showed high inhibitory percentages at 75.00%, 73.52%, and 70.33%, respectively. Interestingly, these yeasts inhibited spore germination of A. brassicicola after 12 h within the range of 80.90 to 90.26%. Subsequently, the efficacy of the selected antagonistic yeast against Ring Spots Disease on cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and Pak choi (Brassica chinensis L. var. chinensis) was tested in the greenhouse. The result indicated that antagonistic yeast isolate Y107 inhibited the disease at 72.75% and 71.42% in Cabbage seedlings and Pak choi, respectively. However, the efficacy of isolates Y123 and Y16 were not significant in disease inhibition in both Cabbage seedlings (66.67% and 66.08%) and Pak choi (69.83% and 68.92%). Additionally, the antagonistic yeast isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene. Yeast isolates Y16 and Y123 were identified to Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa, while isolate Y107 was Hanseniaspora thailandica.
Incidence and severity of radiological lateral osteoarthritis 15 years following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Searle Henry K. C. , Rahman Azmi , Desai Aditya P. , Mellon Stephen J. , Murray David W.
Published: March 2023

Aims

To assess the incidence of radiological lateral osteoarthritis (OA) at 15 years after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and assess the relationship of lateral OA with symptoms and patient characteristics.

Methods

Cemented Phase 3 medial Oxford UKA implanted by two surgeons since 1998 for the recommended indications were prospectively followed. A 15-year cumulative revision rate for lateral OA of 5% for this series was previously reported. A total of 163 unrevised knees with 15-year (SD 1) anterior-posterior knee radiographs were studied. Lateral joint space width (JSWL) was measured and severity of lateral OA was classified as: nil/mild, moderate, and severe. Preoperative and 15-year Oxford Knee Scores (OKS) and American Knee Society Scores were determined. The effect of age, sex, BMI, and intraoperative findings was analyzed. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis H test, with significance set at 5%.

Results

The mean age was 80.6 years (SD 8.3), with 84 females and 79 males. The mean JSWL was 5.6 mm (SD 1.4), and was not significantly related to age, sex, or intraoperative findings. Those with BMI > 40 kg/m2 had a smaller JSWL than those with a ‘normal’ BMI (p = 0.039). The incidence of severe and moderate lateral OA were both 4.9%. Overall, 2/142 (1.4%) of those with nil/mild lateral OA, 1/8 (13%) with moderate, and 2/8 (25%) with severe subsequently had a revision. Those with severe (mean OKS 35.6 (SD 9.3)) and moderate OA (mean OKS 35.8 (SD 10.5)) tended to have worse outcome scores than those with nil/mild (mean OKS 39.5 (SD 9.2)) but the difference was only significant for OKS-Function (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

This study showed that the rate of having severe or moderate radiological lateral OA at 15 years after medial UKA was low (both 4.9%). Although patients with severe or moderate lateral OA had a lower OKS than those with nil/mild OA, their mean scores (OKS 36) would be classified as good.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):210–218.
AIR FORCE EXPERIENCE INFLUENCES A PILOT’S VISUAL PERCEPTION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors:   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Pietrzyk Mariusz , Kowalczuk Krzysztof ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Janewicz Michał ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Zawadzka-Bartczak Ewelina ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, Kopka Lech ,   Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The objective was to characterize visual scanning of a jet fighter cockpit by pilots with different air force experiences using the eye movement monitoring method and flight simulator under G-Force. Total, 36 pilots with various experiences in piloting MIG-29 participated in the study. Pilots performed basic manoeuvres required for patrolling the air space, including taking off, turning, landing. Experiments were conducted using an human carrying centrifuge with the MIG-29 flight simulator mode. The visual scene was divided into 22 ROI affiliated to cockpit’s instrument and out of widow area. Eye-tracking was performed with The GLASSES portable google sensor manufactured by Sensomotoric Instruments GmBH (SMI, Tetlow, Germany). ANOVA of total dwell time and average fixation duration recorded in each flight phase were run to evaluate statistical significance between the expertise at 95% confidence (p<0.05). Significant differences in total dwell time and fixation duration on selected ROI were revealed between pilots various experiences, i.e. while patrolling air space regarding attitude director indicator (ADI) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The median duration of fixation was also significantly different on altimeter while turning. Fixation duration on airspeed indicator, EGT, IPV were unique for each group during approach landing. Also, the total duration time on the altimeter and ADI were significantly different.
Declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
Authors: Eccleston-Turner Mark , Wenham Clare
Published: March 2023

Amid a global health emergency, the process for Declaring a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) is at a crossroads. As a formal declaration by the World Health Organization, a PHEIC is governed by clear legislation as to what is, and what is not, deemed a global health security threat. However, it has become politicized and the legal criteria now appear to be secondary to the political motivation or outcome of the announcement. Addressing multiple empirical case studies, including COVID-19, this multidisciplinary book explores the relationship between international law and international relations to interrogate how a PHEIC is declared and the impact of its inconsistent use on the PHEIC tool, WHO and global health security more broadly.
From Westphalian to Post-Westphalian? The Origins of the PHEIC Declaration and the 2005 International Health Regulations
Authors: Eccleston-Turner Mark , Wenham Clare
Published: March 2023

This chapter provides the background and historical context to the development of global disease governance structures through the World Health Organization. Starting with the International Sanitary Conferences, covering the International Health Regulations 1969, and the reforms to the IHR in 2005 to facilitate changes to global governance to mitigate the bottlenecks identified during SARS (2003). It considers the reform process of the IHR and adds reflections to the latest assessments of the IHR (2005) during COVID-19. Importantly, this chapter outlines challenges with global disease control, in getting governments to comply, and the justification behind the introduction of the PHEIC.
Case Studies on the PHEIC Declaration
Authors: Eccleston-Turner Mark , Wenham Clare
Published: March 2023

This chapter analyses the empirical examples of each PHEIC which has been declared, to understand the application of the legal criteria and political considerations. Starting with H1N1, and considering polio; Ebola in West-Africa; Zika; Ebola in DRC; and COVID-19 – for each outbreak we consider the background to the epidemic, the PHEIC decision making offered by supporting documentation; the temporary recommendations suggested by WHO; and further additional reflections as to the PHEIC process and utilisation.
Approximations for spherical scattering coefficients with negligible integral errors in parametric space
Authors: Khan Akif , Venkatapathi Murugesan
Published: March 2023

The solution of forward or inverse light scattering problems in astrophysical, biological, and atmospheric sensing applications is typically cost prohibitive for real-time applications. For example, given a probability density for the dimensions, refractive index, and wavelength, evaluating the expected scattering involves an integral over such parameters, and the number of scattering problems solved increases dramatically. In the case of dielectric and weakly absorbing spherical particles (both homogeneous and layered), we begin by highlighting a circular law that restricts scattering coefficients to a circle in the complex plane. Later, the Fraunhofer approximation of Riccati–Bessel functions is used to reduce the scattering coefficients into simpler nested trigonometric approximations. This results in relatively small errors of oscillatory signs that cancel out without a loss of accuracy in the integrals over scattering problems. Thus, the cost of evaluating the two spherical scattering coefficients for any mode is reduced by large factors ≈50, with a larger increase in the speed of the overall computation, as the approximations can be reused for multiple modes. We analyze the errors of the proposed approximation and present numerical results for a set of forward problems as a demonstration.
Modelling second harmonic generation at mid-infrared frequencies in waveguide integrated Ge/SiGe quantum wells
Authors: Chesi Giovanni , Falcone Virginia , Calcaterra Stefano , Virgilio Michele , Frigerio Jacopo
Published: March 2023

A promising alternative to bulk materials for the nonlinear coupling of optical fields is provided by photonic integrated circuits based on heterostructures made of asymmetric-coupled quantum wells. These devices achieve a huge nonlinear susceptivity but are affected by strong absorption. Here, driven by the technological relevance of the SiGe material system, we focus on Second-Harmonic Generation in the mid-infrared spectral region, realized by means of Ge-rich waveguides hosting p-type Ge/SiGe asymmetric coupled quantum wells. We present a theoretical investigation of the generation efficiency in terms of phase mismatch effects and trade-off between nonlinear coupling and absorption. To maximize the SHG efficiency at feasible propagation distances, we also individuate the optimal density of quantum wells. Our results indicate that conversion efficiencies of ≈ 0.6%/W can be achieved in WGs featuring lengths of few hundreds µm only.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a dispersive optoelectronic oscillator for chaotic time-delay signature suppression
Authors: Feng Changan , Li Song-Sui , Li Jiangwei , Zou Xihua , Zhang Liyue , Jiang Lin , Wang Longsheng , Wang Anbang , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan
Published: March 2023

Chaos generation from a novel single-loop dispersive optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a broadband chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is numerically and experimentally investigated. The CFBG has much broader bandwidth than the chaotic dynamics such that its dispersion effect rather than filtering effect dominates the reflection. The proposed dispersive OEO exhibits chaotic dynamics when sufficient feedback strength is guaranteed. Suppression of chaotic time-delay signature (TDS) is observed as the feedback strength increases. The TDS can be further suppressed as the amount of grating dispersion increases. Without compromising bandwidth performance, our proposed system extends the parameter space of chaos, enhances the robustness to modulator bias variation, and improves TDS suppression by at least five times comparing to the classical OEO. Experimental results qualitatively agree well with numerical simulations. In addition, the advantage of dispersive OEO is further verified by experimentally demonstrating random bit generation with tunable rate up to 160 Gbps.
Frequency-domain adaptive MIMO filter with fractional oversampling using stochastic gradient descent for long-haul transmission over coupled 4-core fibers
Authors: Arikawa Manabu , Hayashi Kazunori
Published: March 2023

We propose a fractionally spaced frequency-domain adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) filter architecture in which the sampling rate of input signals is below 2× oversampling with a non-integer oversampling factor for mode demultiplexing in long-haul transmission over coupled multi-core fibers. The frequency-domain sampling rate conversion to the symbol rate, i.e., 1× sampling, is placed after the fractionally spaced frequency-domain MIMO filter. The filter coefficients are adaptively controlled by stochastic gradient descent and gradient calculation with back propagation through the sampling rate conversion from the output signals on the basis of deep unfolding. We evaluated the proposed filter through a long-haul transmission experiment of 16-channel wavelength-division multiplexed and 4-core space-division multiplexed 32-Gbaud polarization-division-multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying signals over coupled 4-core fibers. The fractional oversampling frequency-domain adaptive 8×8 filter with 9/8× oversampling provided little performance penalty after 6240-km transmission compared to the conventional 2× oversampling frequency-domain adaptive 8×8 filter. The computational complexity in terms of the required number of complex-valued multiplications was reduced by 40.7%.
Tunable mode convertor based on fiber Bragg grating inscribed in graded-index nine-mode fiber
Authors: Liu Rui , Bai Zhiyong , Chen Jiayan , Luo Zilun , Wu Luping , Ran Jianjun , Liao Changrui , He Jun , Weng Xiaoyu , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle , Wang Yiping
Published: March 2023

A tunable mode convertor is experimentally demonstrated based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is fabricated in a graded-index nine-mode fiber by using a femtosecond laser. Nine linearly polarized (LP) modes were excited and the coupling efficiency of them can reach 90%. By adjusting the polarization controller, the ±1st-, ±2nd-, ±3rd-, and ±4th-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes were excited, which means the OAM tuning of 0–±1ℏ, 0–±2ℏ, 0–±3ℏ, and 0–±4ℏ were achieved. LP21/LP02, LP31/LP12, LP41/LP22/LP03 modes were successfully tuned at 1556.00 nm, 1555.10 nm, and 1554.25 nm by twisting the FBG, respectively. Moreover, combined with polarization and torsion control, the tuning between 0th- and −2nd-order OAM has been realized, which is converted from the tuning between LP02 and LP21. By using this method, the OAM tuning of ±1–±3ℏ and ±4–0–±2ℏ may be further realized theoretically.
Modelling quantitative fungicide resistance and breakdown of resistant cultivars: Designing integrated disease management strategies for Septoria of winter wheat
Authors: Taylor Nick P. , Cunniffe Nik J.
Published: March 2023

Plant pathogens respond to selection pressures exerted by disease management strategies. This can lead to fungicide resistance and/or the breakdown of disease-resistant cultivars, each of which significantly threaten food security. Both fungicide resistance and cultivar breakdown can be characterised as qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative (monogenic) resistance/breakdown involves a step change in the characteristics of the pathogen population with respect to disease control, often caused by a single genetic change. Quantitative (polygenic) resistance/breakdown instead involves multiple genetic changes, each causing a smaller shift in pathogen characteristics, leading to a gradual alteration in the effectiveness of disease control over time. Although resistance/breakdown to many fungicides/cultivars currently in use is quantitative, the overwhelming majority of modelling studies focus on the much simpler case of qualitative resistance. Further, those very few models of quantitative resistance/breakdown which do exist are not fitted to field data. Here we present a model of quantitative resistance/breakdown applied to Zymoseptoria tritici, which causes Septoria leaf blotch, the most prevalent disease of wheat worldwide. Our model is fitted to data from field trials in the UK and Denmark. For fungicide resistance, we show that the optimal disease management strategy depends on the timescale of interest. Greater numbers of fungicide applications per year lead to greater selection for resistant strains, although over short timescales this can be oset by the increased control oered by more sprays. However, over longer timescales higher yields are attained using fewer fungicide applications per year. Deployment of disease-resistant cultivars is not only a valuable disease management strategy, but also oers the secondary benefit of protecting fungicide effectiveness by delaying the development of fungicide resistance. However, disease-resistant cultivars themselves erode over time. We show how an integrated disease management strategy with frequent replacement of disease-resistant cultivars can give a large improvement in fungicide durability and yields.
SO2 and copper tolerance exhibit an evolutionary trade-off in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Onetto Cristobal A. , Kutyna Dariusz R. , Kolouchova Radka , McCarthy Jane , Borneman Anthony R. , Schmidt Simon A.
Published: March 2023

Copper tolerance and SO2 tolerance are two well-studied phenotypic traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetic bases of these traits are the allelic expansion at the CUP1 locus and reciprocal translocation at the SSU1 locus, respectively. Previous work identified a negative association between SO2 and copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeasts. Here we probe the relationship between SO2 and copper tolerance and show that an increase in CUP1 copy number does not always impart copper tolerance in S. cerevisiae wine yeast. Bulk-segregant QTL analysis was used to identify variance at SSU1 as a causative factor in copper sensitivity, which was verified by reciprocal hemizygosity analysis in a strain carrying 20 copies of CUP1. Transcriptional and proteomic analysis demonstrated that SSU1 over-expression did not suppress CUP1 transcription or constrain protein production and provided evidence that SSU1 over-expression induced sulfur limitation during exposure to copper. Finally, an SSU1 over-expressing strain exhibited increased sensitivity to moderately elevated copper concentrations in sulfur-limited medium, demonstrating that SSU1 over-expression burdens the sulfate assimilation pathway. Over-expression of MET 3/14/16, genes upstream of H2S production in the sulfate assimilation pathway increased the production of SO2 and H2S but did not improve copper sensitivity in an SSU1 over-expressing background. We conclude that copper and SO2 tolerance are conditional traits in S. cerevisiae and provide evidence of the metabolic basis for their mutual exclusivity. These findings suggest an evolutionary driver for the extreme amplification of CUP1 observed in some yeasts.