bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing Sustainability Research in the 21st Century
Authors: Turvey Rosario Adapon , Kurissery Sreekumari
Published: May 2019

Major developments have been achieved in advancing sustainability research in sustainability science (SS) as a new and distinct field. Based on its emerging academic landscape, SS has now acquired an unusual geographic footprint with a giant cluster of co-authorships in cities and countries at very different levels, all in pursuit of sustainable development and sustainability. It has gained a robust inclusion in the agendas of governments and corporations along with the burgeoning growth of educational and research programs worldwide. In the call for the integration of research and education, higher educational and research institutions have fostered the goals toward sustainability to address the practical protection of Earth's key support systems, climate change, and other global issues. In confronting a wide range of global issues in the 21st century, scientists across the globe see the need for accelerating knowledge in sustainability wherein knowledge production itself must be made sustainable.
Revisiting MMORPGs in Support of Learning
Authors: Anderson Bodi
Published: May 2019

This enhanced chapter revisits a previous literature analysis of research on the potential educational benefits of the use of massive multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPG) by considering both changes in the medium itself and recent trends in research. Initially, a working operational definition of MMORPGs in education is considered in light of research to date with a focus on how MMORPGs differ from most video games in terms of types of player-game interaction, levels of player-player interaction, and environments in which interaction occurs. Next considering previous and current theoretical and empirical studies on MMORPGs from a variety of disciplines, including education, psychology, and linguistics, a conceptual framework for the use of MMORPGs in support of learning is created. Finally, an overview of current research trends in MMORPGs is provided, concluding with suggestions concerning future research of the use of MMORPGs in support of learning.
Fake News and Information Warfare
Authors: Guadagno Rosanna E. , Guttieri Karen
Published: May 2019

Fake news—false information passed off as factual—is an effective weapon in the information age. For instance, the Russian government perfected techniques used in its 2007 Estonian and 2008 Georgian cyber campaigns to support Donald Trump's successful candidacy in the 2016 United States presidential election. In this chapter, the authors examine fake news and Russia's cyberwarfare efforts across time as case studies of information warfare. The chapter identifies key terms and reviews extant political science and psychological research related to obtaining an understanding of psychological cyber warfare (“psywar”) through the proliferation of fake news. Specifically, the authors suggest that there are social, contextual, and individual factors that contribute to the spread and influence of fake news and review these factors in this chapter.
Cloud-Based Adaptable Energy-Efficient Medium-Access Control Protocol for Healthcare Analysis
Authors: Belinda M. J. Carmel Mary , Kannan E. , Chakravarthy M. Hemanth
Published: May 2019

A remote mechanism-based new technology called wireless body area network (WBAN) is provided to observe and collect patient health record data with the aid of some wearable sensors. It provides privacy for healthcare professionals and an excellent degree of system security and also plays a major task in storing and ensuring the patient's records. A novel focus for preventing resources of wireless sensor network is implemented to bring a convenient plat form for the healthcare professionals. The adaptable energy efficient MAC protocol is presented in this chapter for the preservations of energy, and its result is discussed for the healthcare analysis.
Changing Generations, Changing Consumers and Transformation of Advertising Narrative
Authors: Ulker-Demirel Elif
Published: May 2019

Socio-economic, political, and socio-cultural changes that occur in specific periods over the years cause changes in social dynamics and social transformations. Generations, who are living in the same historical period and are expected to have similar consumption and lifestyle habits, are now a reference point for the companies and brands to correctly identify target consumers and choose the right communication tools. At this point, the changing technology has influenced the social structure, people and the way companies do business. Besides, the development and diversification of the means of communication by the influence of the internet technologies have caused the differentiation of the consumption behaviors and changed the connections and the ways of reaching the information. In the frame of these changes, the primary purpose is to examine consumption habits in the context of changing lifestyles and priorities of people with the effect of social transformations, as well as to explain the transformation of these changes regarding businesses, brands and communication tools.
Narrative Strategies for Brand Positioning
Authors: Oralkan Ayca
Published: May 2019

In order for brand strategies to be successful, it is crucial to ensure that the brand information is as accessible as possible. Brand positioning defines how the company's target image is shaped in the minds of consumers. In a competitive environment, ensuring the differentiation of a brand is possible through an effective brand positioning that includes a consistent consumer-brand relationship. Brand reliability is based on this consistency in the fulfillment of brand promises and is a crucial feature of positioning. Effective brand positioning is required to reveal brand trust and generate measurable value. As the marking strategy starts with positioning, other marketing-related issues are shaped around this positioning strategy. Therefore, the steps need to be defined in advance when deciding on the message content of narrative strategies. The efficiency of a successful brand positioning can get amplified with consistent messages in narrative advertising. In the event of consistency, compliance with brand value enhances customer satisfaction and thus brand loyalty.
Hybrid Recommender System Using Emotional Fingerprints Model
Authors: Nosshi Anthony , Asem Aziza Saad , Senousy Mohammed Badr
Published: May 2019

With today's information overload, recommender systems are important to help users in finding needed information. In the movies domain, finding a good movie to watch is not an easy task. Emotions play an important role in deciding which movie to watch. People usually express their emotions in reviews or comments about the movies. In this article, an emotional fingerprint-based model (EFBM) for movies recommendation is proposed. The model is based on grouping movies by emotional patterns of some key factors changing in time and forming fingerprints or emotional tracks, which are the heart of the proposed recommender. Then, it is incorporated into collaborative filtering to detect the interest connected with topics. Experimental simulation is conducted to understand the behavior of the proposed approach. Results are represented to evaluate the proposed recommender.
A Method for Social Network Extraction From E-Government
Authors: Alguliyev Rasim M. , Aliguliyev Ramiz M. , Niftaliyeva (Iskandarli) Gunay Y.
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, improvement of governance, ensuring security and timely detection of propaganda against the government are major problems of e-government. The extraction of hidden social networks operating against the state in e-government is one of the key factors to ensure the security in e-government. In this article, a method has been proposed for extracting hidden social networks to improve e-government management, prevent promotion against the government and ensure the security. In this approach, hidden social networks are extracted through the analysis of user's comments via opinion and text mining technologies. The authors assume that all comments are written in one language. Unlike previous methods, to detect social relationships between actors, content analysis technology, namely opinion mining technology was used in the proposed approach.
Processing Stabilization of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(Lactic Acid) Blends with Oligomeric Carbodiimide
Authors: Melcova Veronika , Prikryl Radek , Mencik Premysl , Tochacek Jiří
Published: May 2019

Reactivity of five reactive agents with two biopolyesters, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), was studied in situ during processing in laboratory kneader with simultaneous recording of a melt torque. Among them only Raschig, an oligomeric carbodiimide based additive, was proven to enhance melt viscosity of both. In order to find out the most efficient level of this additive for stabilizing of both polymers and PHB/PLA (70/30 w/w) blend, different concentrations were studied by means of melt torque monitoring, rheology time tests and gel permeation chromatography. Results showed the same trend for neat polymers and their blend. Addition of more than 0.5 % wt. did not have any further positive effect on molecular weight or complex viscosity of the melt. Higher amount is not consumed during the reaction and is left in the sample. Therefore, this amount was used for processing stability studies on PHB/PLA blends by subsequent extrusion cycles. Melt volume-flow rate of extruded samples was obtained and results showed lower values for all stabilized blends comparing to the first extrusion sample of non-stabilized blend. At the same, stability of the blends is secured up to the third extrusion cycle.
On the occurrence and distribution of Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritschagin, 1873 (Copepoda, Calanoida, Pseudodiaptomidae) in Sicily, Italy, with some notes on coexistence and species replacement in calanoid copepods
Authors: Vecchioni Luca , Marrone Federico , Naselli-Flores Luigi
Published: May 2019

The only population of the pseudodiaptomid copepod Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritschagin, 1873 to date reported to occur in Sicily disappeared at the beginning of the XXI century due to deep environmental changes which affected the single site (Lake Biviere di Gela) known for this species on the island. In that site C. aquaedulcis is now replaced by Copidodiaptomus numidicus (Gurney, 1909), a diaptomid copepod whose distribution has been greatly increasing since the second half of the last century. In the present note, the occurrence of C. aquaedulcis in 12 novel water bodies spread throughout Sicily is reported, and some environmental data on the sites where the species was collected are provided. Moreover, in a few sites C. aquaedulcis was found to co-occur with Copidodiaptomus numidicus. The recorded co-occurrence of these two species and the replacement of C. aquaedulcis with C. numidicus in Lake Biviere di Gela are briefly discussed.
Epidemiology of Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Herzog Mackenzie M. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Marshall Stephen W. , Wikstrom Erik A.
Published: May 2019

Objective

To provide a focused overview of the existing literature on the epidemiology of acute ankle sprains (lateral, medial, and high/syndesmotic) with an emphasis on incidence studies from the United States. In addition, we provide a brief overview of chronic ankle instability (CAI), posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and injury prevention to contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology of these injuries and the current state of the science on ankle sprains and ankle instability in sports medicine.

Background

Acute ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, with a high incidence among physically active individuals. Additionally, acute ankle sprains have a high recurrence rate, which is associated with the development of CAI. Understanding the epidemiology of these injuries is important for improving patients' musculoskeletal health and reducing the burden of lower limb musculoskeletal conditions.

Description

Acute ankle-sprain incidence rates are summarized among the general population, as well as among physically active populations, including organized athletics and military personnel, with a focus on incidence in the United States. The link between a prior ankle sprain and a future acute ankle sprain is described. We also discuss the association between the incident ankle sprain and adverse, long-term outcomes such as CAI and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Finally, we summarize injury-prevention successes and future directions for research and prevention.

Clinical Applications

This information is useful for health care providers to understand the expected incidence rates of acute ankle sprains, be aware of the association between ankle sprains and negative short- and long-term outcomes, and be familiar with existing injury-prevention programs.
Appropriate Medical Care Standards for Organizations Sponsoring Athletic Activity for the Secondary School–Aged Athlete: A Summary Statement
Authors: Cooper Larry , Harper Ronnie , Wham George S. , Cates Jason , Chafin Scott J. , Cohen Randy P. , Dompier Thomas P. , Huggins Robert A. , Newman Dan , Peterson Bart , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich
Published: May 2019

Objective

To present the appropriate medical care standards for organizations that sponsor athletic activities for secondary school–aged athletes.

Data Sources

To develop the current standards and identify current best-practices evidence, the task force used a multistep process that included reviewing the existing 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes consensus points and cross-referencing of National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) statements and official documents from the strategic alliance (the NATA, NATA Foundation, Board of Certification, and Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education). Gaps in the recommendations from the 2004 Appropriate Medical Care for Secondary School–Aged Athletes document were identified by the task force, and the new appropriate medical care standards were developed and refined.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Twelve standards, with supporting substandards, were developed that encompassed readiness to participate in activity; facilities; equipment; protective materials; environmental policies; nutrition, hydration, and dietary supplementation; wellness and long-term health; comprehensive emergency action plans; on-site immediate care; on-site therapeutic interventions; psychological concerns; and athletic health care administration. Collectively, these standards describe a comprehensive approach to providing appropriate health care to secondary school–aged athletes and should serve as a framework with which organizations can evaluate and improve the medical care supplied to adolescent athletes.
'Rituals of resistance, weapons of the weak': Toward an African Pentecostal transformative Holy Communion Missiology
Authors: Kaunda C. J.
Published: May 2019

The article defines symbolic inversion as transgressive behaviour which most traditional Zambian societies reenacted in the ritual context as a dynamic cultural form. It argues for critical reclamation and reconstitution of symbolic resistance dimension of Ndembu ritual (people of North-west Zambia) to construct transformative Holy Communion missiology within Pentecostal Assemblies of God in Zambia (PAOG-Z). The symbolic resistance of Ndembu ritual seems to have potential to give fresh perspective on how Holy Communion could function as mundus inversus (world-upside-down)- a way of resisting negative prevailing social order. Finally some contours for Holy Communion Missiology are suggested on methodological and practical level to help the community of faith refocus its Holy Communion performances to resisting anti-life and death-dealing forces.
Reconceptualising the interface of religion and school violence towards construction of sustainable learning ecologies in South Africa
Authors: Dube B. , Hlalele D.
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we respond to the call by Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2013:10) to unmask, resist and destroy violence in the school context. Unmasking is indispensable, since violence produces a world order that can be unremitting and characterised by deceit, hypocrisy and lies. To achieve this release from a violent order, we advocate for the reconceptualisation of religion, so that school violence can be contested from a hybridised or multi-religious perspective to complement existing narratives to curtail school violence. The paper is grounded in critical emancipation research, of which the prime purpose is to challenge exclusion and social injustice, which often result in school violence. We conclude by arguing that school violence frustrates efforts to construct sustainable learning ecologies, and school violence must be challenged through religion-based discourses oriented to social justice.
О гомотопической конечности DG-категорий
Authors: Efimov Alexander Ivanovich
Published: May 2019

В работе дается краткий обзор результатов, связанных с гомотопической конечностью DG-категорий. Мы излагаем общий план доказательства гомотопической конечности производных категорий когерентных пучков и когерентных матричных факторизаций на отделимых схемах конечного типа над полем нулевой характеристики.
Библиография: 39 названий.
Case Report: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Presenting as Acute Encephalitis
Authors: Garg Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Rizvi Imran , Jain Amita , Jaipuriar Ravi Shekhar , Sharma Praveen Kumar , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Nasar Khan Danish , Uniyal Ravi
Published: May 2019

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is still a common disease in India which is characterized by a progressive mental decline, myoclonus, periodic encephalographic abnormalities, and raised anti-measles antibody titter in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acute fulminant SSPE is characterized by a rapid course of disease culminating in death, within 6 months. We report of a 10-year-old boy, who came with a 14-day history of continuous involuntary jerky movements of the left half of the body, including the head. There was a highly increased anti-measles IgG antibody titer, both in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. We conclude that acute rapidly progressive SSPE can present as acute encephalitis syndrome.
A estratégia da modelagem didático-científica para a conceitualização do real no ensino de física: um estudo de caso com professores de ensino médio
Authors: Brandão Rafael Vasques , Araujo Ives Solano , Veit Eliane Angela
Published: May 2019

Na pesquisa em Ensino de Física é praticamente consensual a relevância de estratégias didáticas que privilegiem uma reflexão crítica sobre os tópicos trabalhados em sala de aula. Com base em estudos anteriores, partiu-se da premissa de que um referencial teórico-metodológico promissor para esse fim é a “modelagem didático-científica”. Seu fundamento se apoia, sobretudo, na teoria dos campos conceituais de Vergnaud e na postura filosófica de Bunge sobre o processo de modelagem científica. Esse referencial foi empregado em uma disciplina obrigatória de um Mestrado Profissional, para dar sentido às formas predicativa e operatória do conhecimento acerca do processo de conceitualização de eventos físicos, com ênfase em modelagem computacional. Este estudo empírico, com enfoque qualitativo e propósito explanatório, permitiu coletar evidências de concepções, dificuldades e avanços na conceitualização do real por parte dos professores de Física do Ensino Médio matriculados nessa disciplina e, ainda, identificar possíveis invariantes operatórios utilizados por esses professores.
BRUHN, Jørgen. The Intermediality of Narrative Literature: Medialities Matter. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 137 p.
Authors: Rodrigues Silveira Francisco Bruno
Published: May 2019

BRUHN, Jørgen. The Intermediality of Narrative Literature: Medialities Matter. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 137 p.
CADERA, Susanne; WALSH, Andrew (eds). Literary Retranslation in Context. Series New Trends in Translation Studies, v. 21. Oxford: Petter Lang, 2016. 253 p.
Authors: Paes André Felipe da Silva
Published: May 2019

CADERA, Susanne; WALSH, Andrew (eds). Literary Retranslation in Context. Series New Trends in Translation Studies, v. 21. Oxford: Petter Lang, 2016. 253 p.
Impact of light-absorbing particles on snow albedo darkening and associated radiative forcing over high-mountain Asia: high-resolution WRF-Chem modeling and new satellite observations
Authors: Sarangi Chandan , Qian Yun , Rittger Karl , Bormann Kathryn J. , Liu Ying , Wang Hailong , Wan Hui , Lin Guangxing , Painter Thomas H.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Light-absorbing particles (LAPs), mainly dust and black carbon, can
significantly impact snowmelt and regional water availability over high-mountain Asia (HMA). In this study, for the first time, online aerosol–snow
interactions are enabled and a fully coupled chemistry Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF-Chem) regional model is used to simulate LAP-induced
radiative forcing on snow surfaces in HMA at relatively high spatial
resolution (12 km, WRF-HR) compared with previous studies. Simulated macro- and
microphysical properties of the snowpack and LAP-induced snow darkening are
evaluated against new spatially and temporally complete datasets of snow-covered area, grain size, and impurity-induced albedo reduction over HMA.
A WRF-Chem quasi-global simulation with the same configuration as WRF-HR but
a coarser spatial resolution (1∘, WRF-CR) is also used to illustrate
the impact of spatial resolution on simulations of snow properties and
aerosol distribution over HMA. Due to a more realistic representation of
terrain slopes over HMA, the higher-resolution model (WRF-HR) shows
significantly better performance in simulating snow area cover, duration of
snow cover, snow albedo and snow grain size over HMA, as well as an
evidently better atmospheric aerosol loading and mean LAP concentration in
snow. However, the differences in albedo reduction from model and satellite
retrievals is large during winter due to associated overestimation in
simulated snow fraction. It is noteworthy that Himalayan snow cover has
high magnitudes of LAP-induced snow albedo reduction (4 %–8 %) in
pre-monsoon seasons (both from WRF-HR and satellite estimates), which induces a
snow-mediated radiative forcing of ∼30–50 W m−2. As a
result, the Himalayas (specifically the western Himalayas) hold the most vulnerable
glaciers and mountain snowpack to the LAP-induced snow darkening effect
within HMA. In summary, coarse spatial resolution and absence of
snow–aerosol interactions over the Himalayan cryosphere will result in
significant underestimation of aerosol effects on snow melting and regional
hydroclimate.
Comparison and assessment of large-scale surface temperature in climate model simulations
Authors: Barata Raquel , Prado Raquel , Sansó Bruno
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We present a data-driven approach to assess and compare the behavior of large-scale spatial averages of surface temperature in climate model simulations and in observational products. We rely on univariate and multivariate dynamic linear model (DLM) techniques to estimate both long-term and seasonal changes in temperature. The residuals from the DLM analyses capture the internal variability of the climate system and exhibit complex temporal autocorrelation structure. To characterize this internal variability, we explore the structure of these residuals using univariate and multivariate autoregressive (AR) models. As a proof of concept that can easily be extended to other climate models, we apply our approach to one particular climate model (MIROC5). Our results illustrate model versus data differences in both long-term and seasonal changes in temperature. Despite differences in the underlying factors contributing to variability, the different types of simulation yield very similar spectral estimates of internal temperature variability. In general, we find that there is no evidence that the MIROC5 model systematically underestimates the amplitude of observed surface temperature variability on multi-decadal timescales – a finding that has considerable relevance regarding efforts to identify anthropogenic “fingerprints” in observational surface temperature data. Our methodology and results present a novel approach to obtaining data-driven estimates of climate variability for purposes of model evaluation.
Microbial biobanking – cyanobacteria-rich topsoil facilitates mine rehabilitation
Authors: Williams Wendy , Chilton Angela , Schneemilch Mel , Williams Stephen , Neilan Brett , Driscoll Colin
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Restoration of soils post-mining requires key solutions
to complex issues through which the disturbance of topsoil incorporating soil
microbial communities can result in a modification to ecosystem function.
This research was in collaboration with Iluka Resources at the
Jacinth–Ambrosia (J–A) mineral sand mine located in a semi-arid chenopod
shrubland in southern Australia. At J–A, assemblages of microorganisms and
microflora inhabit at least half of the soil surfaces and are collectively
known as biocrusts. This research encompassed a polyphasic approach to soil
microbial community profiling focused on “biobanking” viable cyanobacteria
in topsoil stockpiles to facilitate rehabilitation. We found that
cyanobacterial communities were compositionally diverse topsoil microbiomes.
There was no significant difference in cyanobacterial community structure
across soil types. As hypothesised, cyanobacteria were central to soil
microprocesses, strongly supported by species richness and diversity.
Cyanobacteria were a significant component of all three successional stages
with 21 species identified from 10 sites. Known nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
Symploca, Scytonema, Porphyrosiphon,
Brasilonema, Nostoc, and Gloeocapsa comprised more
than 50 % of the species richness at each site and 61 % of the total
community richness. In the first study of its kind, we have described the
response of cyanobacteria to topsoil stockpiling at various depths and ages.
Cyanobacteria are moderately resilient to stockpiling at depth and over time,
with average species richness greatest in the top 10 cm of the stockpiles of
all ages and more viable within the first 6 weeks, indicating potential for
biocrust re-establishment. In general, the resilience of cyanobacteria to
burial in topsoil stockpiles in both the short and long term was significant;
however, in an arid environment recolonisation and community diversity could
be impeded by drought. Biocrust re-establishment during mine rehabilitation
relies on the role of cyanobacteria as a means of early soil stabilisation.
At J–A mine operations do not threaten the survival of any of the organisms
we studied. Increased cyanobacterial biomass is likely to be a good indicator
and reliable metric for the re-establishment of soil microprocesses.
Leaf Area Index Changes Explain GPP Variation across an Amazon Drought Stress Gradient
Authors: Flack-Prain Sophie , Meir Patrick , Malhi Yadvinder , Smallman Thomas Luke , Williams Mathew
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The capacity of Amazon forests to sequester carbon is threatened by climate change-induced shifts in precipitation patterns. However, the relative importance of plant physiology, ecosystem structure, and trait composition responses in determining variation in GPP, remain largely unquantified, and vary among models. We evaluate the relative importance of key climate constraints to gross primary productivity (GPP), comparing direct plant physiological responses to water availability and indirect structural and trait responses (via changes to leaf area index (LAI), roots and photosynthetic capacity). To separate these factors we combined the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere model with forcing and observational data from seven intensively studied forest plots along an Amazon soil moisture-stress gradient. We also used machine learning to evaluate the relative importance of individual climate factors across sites. Our model experiments showed that variation in LAI was the principal driver of differences in GPP across the gradient, accounting for 33 % of observed variation. Differences in photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax) accounted for 21 % of variance, and climate (which included physiological responses) accounted for 16 %. Sensitivity to differences in climate was highest where shallow rooting depth was coupled with high LAI. On sub-annual timescales, the relative importance of LAI in driving GPP increased with soil moisture-stress (R2 = 0.72), whilst the importance of solar radiation decreased (R2 = 0.90). Given the role of LAI in driving GPP across Amazon forests, improved mapping of canopy dynamics is critical, opportunities for which are offered by new satellite-based remote sensing missions such as GEDI, Sentinel and FLEX.
Stabilising Large Grains in Aggrading Steep Channels
Authors: Booker William H. , Eaton Brett C.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. It is understood that the interaction between sediment supply and discharge drives first-order behaviour of deposits. The influence of the grain size distribution shape over the mobility and resultant evolution is, however, unclear. Four experiments were conducted in a scaled physical model for two grain size distributions, analogous to a one-dimensional self-formed alluvial fan. We demonstrate the unsuitability of the median grain size as a predictor of deposit behaviour at flows when the material is not equally mobile. The results instead suggest, during conditions of unequal mobility, that largest grains control the transport efficiency of the overall sediment mixture, and thus also the morphodynamics of the deposit and its tendency to store or evacuate material. Deposits appear to show a dependence upon the rate of material supply more strongly when the likelihood of its motion is less equally distributed (i.e., under partial transport conditions). If the coarse fraction (e.g., greater than 84th percentile) is instead mobile due to increased discharge or because of their relative size, transport rates will increase and the behaviour of the mixtures converge to a common state, with morphology influenced by the material's mobility.
Short Communication: A simple workflow for robust low-cost UAV-derived change detection without ground control points
Authors: Cook Kristen L. , Dietze Michael
Published: May 2019

Abstract. High quality 3D point clouds generated from repeat camera-equipped unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys are increasingly being used to investigate landscape changes and geomorphic processes. Point cloud quality can be expressed as accuracy in a comparative (i.e., from survey to survey) and absolute (between survey and an external reference system) sense. Here we present a simple workflow for calculating pairs or sets of point clouds with a high comparative accuracy, without the need for ground control points or a dGPS equipped UAV. We demonstrate the efficacy of the new approach using a consumer-grade UAV in two contrasting landscapes: the coastal cliffs on the Island of Rügen, Germany, and the tectonically active Daan River gorge in Taiwan. Compared to a standard approach using ground control points, our workflow results in a nearly identical distribution of measured changes. Compared to a standard approach without ground control, our workflow reduces the level of change detection from several meters to 10–15 cm. This approach enables robust change detection using UAVs in settings where ground control is not possible.
An urban trees parameterization for modelling microclimatic variables and thermal comfort conditions at street level with the Town Energy Balance model (TEB-SURFEX v8.0)
Authors: Redon Emilie , Lemonsu Aude , Masson Valéry
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The TEB urban climate model has recently been improved to more realistically address the radiative effects of trees within the urban canopy. These processes necessarily have an impact on the energy balance that needs to be taken into account. This is why a new method for calculating the turbulent fluxes for sensible and latent heat has been implemented. This method remains consistent with the "bigleaf" approach of the ISBA model which deals with energy exchanges between vegetation and atmosphere within TEB. Nonetheless, the turbulent fluxes can now be dissociated between ground-based natural covers and tree stratum above (knowing the vertical leaf density profile), which can modify the vertical profile in air temperature and humidity in the urban canopy. In addition, the aeraulic effect of trees is added, parameterized as a drag term and an energy dissipation term in the evolution equations of momentum and of turbulent kinetic energy, respectively. This set of modifications relating to the explicit representation of tree stratum in TEB is evaluated on an experimental case study. The model results are compared to micrometeorological and surface temperature measurements collected in a semi-open courtyard with trees and bordered by buildings. The new parameterizations improve the modelling of surface temperatures of walls and pavements thanks to taking into account radiation absorption by trees, and of air temperature. The wind speed is strongly slowed down by trees that is also much more realistic. The universal thermal climate index diagnosed in TEB from inside-canyon environmental variables is highly dependent and sensitive to these variations in wind speed and radiation. This demonstrates the importance of properly modelling interactions between buildings and trees in urban environments, especially for climate-sensitive design issues.
Chilling accumulation in fruit trees in Spain under climate change
Authors: Rodríguez Alfredo , Pérez-López David , Sánchez Enrique , Centeno Ana , Gómara Iñigo , Dosio Alessandro , Ruiz-Ramos Margarita
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Growing trees are quite vulnerable to cold temperatures. To minimise the
effect of these cold temperatures, they stop their growth over the coldest
months of the year, a state called dormancy. In particular, endodormancy
requires accumulating chilling temperatures to finish this sort of dormancy.
The accumulation of cool temperatures according to specific rules is called
chilling accumulation, and each tree species and variety has specific
chilling requirements for correct plant development. Under global warming, it
is expected that the fulfilment of the chilling requirements to break
dormancy in fruit trees could be compromised. In this study, the impact of
climate change on the chilling accumulation over peninsular Spain and the
Balearic Islands was assessed. For this purpose, bias-adjusted results of 10
regional climate models (RCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways
(RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were used as inputs of four different models for
calculating chilling accumulation, and the results for each model were
individually compared for the 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 future periods under
both RCPs. These results project a generalised reduction in chilling
accumulation regardless of the RCP, future period or chilling calculation
model used, with higher reductions for the 2071–2100 period and the RCP8.5
scenario. The projected winter chill decrease may threaten the viability of
some tree crops and varieties in some areas where the crop is currently
grown, but also shows scope for varieties with lower chilling requirements.
The results are relevant for planning future tree plantations under climate
change, supporting adaptation of spatial distribution of tree crops and
varieties in Spain.
Significance of substrate soil moisture content for rockfall hazard assessment
Authors: Vick Louise Mary , Zimmer Valerie , White Christopher , Massey Chris , Davies Tim
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Rockfall modelling is an important tool for hazard analysis in
steep terrain. Calibrating terrain parameters ensures that the model results
more accurately represent the site-specific hazard. Parameterizing rockfall
models is challenging because rockfall runout is highly sensitive to initial
conditions, rock shape, size and material properties, terrain morphology, and
terrain material properties. This contribution examines the mechanics of
terrain impact scarring due to rockfall on the Port Hills of Christchurch,
New Zealand. We use field-scale testing and laboratory direct shear testing
to quantify how the changing moisture content of the loessial soils can
influence its strength from soft to hard, and vice versa. We calibrate the three-dimensional rockfall model RAMMS by back-analysing
several well-documented rockfall events that occurred at a site with dry
loessial soil conditions. We then test the calibrated “dry” model at a
site where the loessial soil conditions were assessed to be wet. The
calibrated dry model over-predicts the runout distance when wet loessial
soil conditions are assumed. We hypothesize that this is because both the
shear strength and stiffness of wet loess are reduced relative to the dry
loess, resulting in a higher damping effect on boulder dynamics. For both
realistic and conservative rockfall modelling, the maximum credible hazard
is usually assumed; for rockfall on loess slopes, the maximum credible
hazard occurs during dry soil conditions.
Tsunami risk assessment for multiple buildings by considering
spatial correlation of wave height using copulas
Authors: Fukutani Yo , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro , Kotani Takuma , Otake Yu , Kitano Toshikazu
Published: May 2019

Abstract. It is necessary to consider simultaneous damage to multiple buildings when performing probabilistic risk assessment for a portfolio of buildings. In this study, we demonstrate tsunami risk assessment for two buildings using copulas of tsunami hazards that consider the nonlinear spatial correlation of tsunami wave heights. First, we simulated the wave heights considering uncertainty by varying the slip amount and fault depths. The frequency distributions of the wave heights were evaluated via the response surface method. Based on the distributions and numerically simulated wave heights, we estimated the optimal copula via maximum likelihood estimation. Subsequently, we evaluated the simultaneous distributions of the wave heights and the aggregate damage probabilities via the marginal distributions and the estimated copulas. As a result, the aggregate damage probability of the ninety-ninth percentile value was approximately 1.0 % higher and the maximum value was approximately 3.0 % higher while considering the wave height correlation. We clearly showed that the usefulness of copula modeling considering the wave height correlation in evaluating risk of building portfolio. We only demonstrated the evaluation method for two buildings, but the effect of the wave height correlation on the results is expected to increase if more points are targeted.
Recrystallization processes, microstructure and crystallographic preferred orientation evolution in polycrystalline ice during high-temperature simple shear
Authors: Journaux Baptiste , Chauve Thomas , Montagnat Maurine , Tommasi Andrea , Barou Fabrice , Mainprice David , Gest Léa
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Torsion experiments were performed in polycrystalline ice at high temperature
(0.97 Tm) to reproduce the simple shear kinematics that are believed to
dominate in ice streams and at the base of fast-flowing glaciers. As clearly
documented more than 30 years ago, under simple shear ice develops a
two-maxima c axis crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO), which
evolves rapidly into a single cluster CPO with a c axis perpendicular to the
shear plane. Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms that occur in both
laboratory conditions and naturally deformed ice are likely candidates to
explain the observed CPO evolution. In this study, we use electron
backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and automatic ice texture analyzer (AITA) to
characterize the mechanisms accommodating deformation, the stress and strain
heterogeneities that form under torsion of an initially isotropic
polycrystalline ice sample at high temperature, and the role of dynamic
recrystallization in accommodating these heterogeneities. These analyses
highlight an interlocking microstructure, which results from
heterogeneity-driven serrated grain boundary migration, and sub-grain
boundaries composed of dislocations with a [c]-component Burgers vector,
indicating that strong local stress heterogeneity develops, in particular,
close to grain boundaries, even at high temperature and high finite shear
strain. Based on these observations, we propose that nucleation by bulging,
assisted by sub-grain boundary formation and followed by grain growth, is a
very likely candidate to explain the progressive disappearance of the
c axis CPO cluster at low angle to the shear plane and the stability of the
one normal to it. We therefore strongly support the development of new
polycrystal plasticity models limiting dislocation slip on non-basal slip
systems and allowing for efficient accommodation of strain incompatibilities
by an association of bulging and formation of sub-grain boundaries with a
significant [c] component.
Notas sobre la recepción de "El capital" en México
Authors: Anaya Merchant Luis
Published: May 2019

El trabajo explora los ambientes sociopolíticos y culturales bajo los que fue conocida la obra de Karl Marx en México a lo largo del siglo XX. En especial por su opus magnum cuyas primeras ediciones recorrieron un camino enredado, que contrasta con la riqueza de los importantes proyectos editoriales que se desplegarían en las décadas de los setenta y ochenta. El engarce que supone México para Norteamérica y Latinoamérica acerca y aleja su experiencia sociopolítica y cultural respecto de ambas realidades haciéndose igualmente copartícipe de ellas. Desde temprano la influencia radical norteamericana también se combinó con corrientes europeas para alentar la difusión del pensamiento socialista en México, pero serían los cambios de la influencia conservadora norteamericana los que invertirían el patrón al final del siglo XX. También su crisis de 2008 ha renovado el interés en pro de un nuevo ciclo de recuperación de la teoría crítica.
El "djunta-mon" en la periferia de Lisboa: migración caboverdiana y comportamiento moral en un contexto de conflicto urbano
Authors: Cuberos-Gallardo Francisco José
Published: May 2019

El djunta-mon es una práctica tradicional de ayuda mutua que los migrantes caboverdianos han adaptado a su experiencia en la periferia de Lisboa. En este artículo analizamos los nuevos usos, formas y funciones que el djunta-mon asume en el contexto migratorio. Para ello se toma el caso de la Cova da Moura, un barrio atravesado por graves problemas sociales y urbanísticos y habitado mayoritariamente por población de origen caboverdiano. Se constata que la práctica del djunta-mon en este vecindario se enmarca en un proceso más amplio de reafirmación de la identidad étnica, que a su vez cobra sentido en un contexto de fuerte conflictividad urbana. Los resultados apuntan que, en estas condiciones, el djunta-mon experimenta notables modificaciones en sus formas y funciones, que le permiten operar como un sistema amplio de referencias morales para el grupo étnico caboverdiano.
Estrategia cultural y educativa de la Universidad Tecnológica
Authors: Araujo Romagoza José Adolfo
Published: May 2019

Desde su nacimiento, la Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador contó con una visión educadora empresarial, con una misión estratégica basada en la mejor atención posible a sus estudiantes, de cara a un país en guerra y con diversas crisis. Su desarrollo en infraestructura, aceptación social y actual posición, hace que en la actualidad sea una de las mejores universidades privadas del país.Este logro se debe a múltiples esfuerzos, acciones y aciertos, y es, por tanto, recomendable analizarlo, retomarlo, mejorarlo, además de estar conscientemente convencidos del por qué la estrategia general de la universidad ha conseguido tan importante logro.
Violencia de género : impacto psicológico sobre la mujer maltratada
Authors: Navarro Mantas Laura
Published: May 2019

El género es una construcción social al igual que otras construcciones sociales como son las referentes a la raza, edad, sexo, etc. No obstante, el género se ha constituido en un tema central de interés en las últimas décadas para la sociedad en general y para psicólogos, sociólogos y antropólogos en particular.Ya sea por sus infinitos matices, por la controversia que le caracteriza o por la importancia que ha tenido históricamente en la construcción de la estructura social y en los últimos tiempos como motor de cambio, cada vez son más los investigadores que dirigen sus esfuerzos al estudio y análisis de este constructo y todos sus matices.
El uso y abuso de marcas
Authors: Ruth Orantes Blanca
Published: May 2019

Es un tema de interés, debido a que el uso y abuso de los derechos de propiedad industrial, específicamente el de marcas puede favorecer o afectar a propietarios y consumidores de las mismas, en el caso de éstos últimos la preferencia en marcas descansa en la confianza por su calidad, duración, etc.En realidad, el tema desencadena una diversidad de fenómenos, pero me referiré exactamente a dos aspectos que tienen que ver directamente con el uso y abuso de marcas: el régimen de competencia desleal y el interés de los consumidores como bien a proteger. De esa manera se presentan por separado y al final se hace un breve análisis al respecto.
El futuro de la educación en El Salvador
Authors: Araujo Romagoza José Adolfo
Published: May 2019

Proponer un cambio en la educación para enfrentar la globalización y coadyuvar a la solución de los múltiples problemas que retrasan el desarrollo es difícil, más aún si lo que se requiere es un cambio significativo en la dirección y visión para hacer viable una educación no sólo paulatinamente transformadora, sino también una educación que proporcione espacios de coexistencia, convivencia y de satisfacción con experiencias sociales en libertad y democracia.En este trabajo, se plantea la necesidad de fortalecer los cambios para la creación de redes educativas locales, que extiendan sus servicios para la mayor cobertura y la mejor calidad posible de la educación, mediante la colaboración de los recursos disponibles descentralizados, responsablemente utilizados y con inclusión de tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación. Esto hará posible una educación más relevante, eficaz, pertinente y eficiente, que sirva para lograr un perfil deseable de un nuevo salvadoreño, el cual debiera poder enfrentar e insertarse con éxito en la globalización sin perder su propia identidad.
Programas implementados para erradicar la pobreza extrema sobre la base del objetivo 1 del Milenio Programa de la Red Solidaria
Authors: Orantes Blanca Ruth
Published: May 2019

El estudio sobre la pobreza ha sido abordado desde diferentes ópticas atendiendo a sus múltiples dimensiones en que prevalece el de la pobreza estructural como efecto del circulo vicioso de la misma.El Salvador es un pais tipificado como subdesarrollado y con un nivel de dependencia económica arraigado que se refieja en la balanza de pagos, en cuanto a que señala como ingreso principal las remesas del exterior y no por la producción interna, la cual ocupa un segundo lugar.
Turismo y capital social en El Salvador : ¿una reflexión desde la antropología del desarrollo?
Authors: Rivas Ramón Douglas
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se reflexiona de una manera implícita sobre la vinculación turismo y desarrollo comunal. También trata en forma crítica las condiciones en las que las instancias involucradas y las comunidades tienen que abordar tan importante tema sobre todo cuando este se ha convertido en punta de lanza para el desarrollo nacional.Partimos de que un empuje turístico que deje por un lado el factor sociocultural todo lo que ello conlleva como elemento identitario es considerado como algo intruso a las sociedades depositarias de ese factor.