bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design relation and end correction formula for multi-orifice Helmholtz resonators with intrusions
Authors: Reddi Chintapalli VSN , Padmanabhan Chandramouli
Published: November 2015

Helmholtz resonators are used to control low-frequency noise in cavities. One of the ways to reduce the resonance frequency of a resonator without changing its volume is to introduce an intrusion. Similarly, the introduction of multiple orifices can increase the resonance frequency without changing the resonator volume. These features provide an ability to accommodate slight changes in the cavity/enclosure frequencies during the design process. However, one has to rely on extensive three-dimensional finite element or boundary element simulations to predict the resonator characteristics with the introduction of these features. To reduce the computational burden, a design relation, between the first resonance frequency of a single orifice intruded resonator with that of a multi-orifice intruded resonator, is proposed in this paper. In developing this design relation, the total cross-sectional area of the resonator with multiple orifices is the same as that of the single orifice resonator. It is shown that this design relation is independent of the shape/size of the orifices and resonator cavity. Using this relation, a new end correction formula for the orifice lengths of multi-orifice intruded resonators has been proposed. The end correction formula can be used to calculate the reactance of multi-orifice intruded Helmholtz resonators analytically. These expressions are derived by carrying out extensive simulations of the resonators using the boundary element method. Limited experiments have been carried out to validate the proposed approach. The use of these expressions will reduce the computational cost of simulating cavities embedded with resonators as one can avoid modeling the resonators and use impedance boundary conditions instead.
Development of a gear fork control algorithm to improve the shift quality of a dual-clutch transmission
Authors: Min Gyeonghwi , Son Hanho , Song Minseok , Hong Sungwha , Kim Minhyo , Choi Youngsun , Kim Hyunsoo
Published: November 2015

In this study, a gear fork control algorithm for a dual-clutch transmission is proposed to improve the shift quality for the downshift from second gear to first gear during coast-down. First, to investigate the shift characteristics, a dual-clutch transmission shift performance simulator was developed including the gear fork system. Using the dual-clutch transmission simulator, the shift characteristics for the downshift from second gear to first gear were investigated during coast-down. From the simulations and the test results, it was found that vibrations occur in the speed of the output shaft owing the large change in the speed gradient of the input shaft at the moment of synchronization, resulting in a change in the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle, which causes the shift quality to deteriorate. Based on the dynamic models of the gear fork system and the test results, a gear fork control algorithm is proposed which generates a constant cone torque to reduce the speed gradient of the input shaft. It was found from the simulations and the vehicle test results that the amplitudes of the vibrations in the speed of the output shaft and the peak-to-peak acceleration of the vehicle were reduced by the gear fork control algorithm proposed in this study, which improved the shift quality by as much as 50%.
Memory Transmission in Small Groups and Large Networks
Authors: Luhmann Christian C. , Rajaram Suparna
Published: November 2015

The spread of social influence in large social networks has long been an interest of social scientists. In the domain of memory, collaborative memory experiments have illuminated cognitive mechanisms that allow information to be transmitted between interacting individuals, but these experiments have focused on small-scale social contexts. In the current study, we took a computational approach, circumventing the practical constraints of laboratory paradigms and providing novel results at scales unreachable by laboratory methodologies. Our model embodied theoretical knowledge derived from small-group experiments and replicated foundational results regarding collaborative inhibition and memory convergence in small groups. Ultimately, we investigated large-scale, realistic social networks and found that agents are influenced by the agents with which they interact, but we also found that agents are influenced by nonneighbors (i.e., the neighbors of their neighbors). The similarity between these results and the reports of behavioral transmission in large networks offers a major theoretical insight by linking behavioral transmission to the spread of information.
Negotiating Access to Health Information to Promote Students’ Health
Authors: Radis Molly E. , Updegrove Stephen C. , Somsel Anne , Crowley Angela A.
Published: November 2015

Access to student health information, such as immunizations, screenings, and care plans for chronic conditions, is essential for school nurses to fulfill their role in promoting students’ health. School nurses typically encounter barriers to accessing health records and spend many hours attempting to retrieve health information. As a result, nurses’ time is poorly utilized and students may suffer adverse outcomes including delayed school entry. In response to this pressing public health issue, a school medical advisor and director of school nurses in a local health department successfully negotiated access for school nurses to three health record systems: a state immunization tracking system, an electronic lead surveillance program, and an electronic health record system. This negotiation process is presented within a framework of the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation and provides a strategy for other school nurses seeking access to student health information.
Measuring Career Orientations in the Era of the Boundaryless Career
Authors: Bravo Jesus , Seibert Scott E. , Kraimer Maria L. , Wayne Sandy J. , Liden Robert C.
Published: November 2015

Schein proposed his career anchor construct more than 40 years ago. The purpose of our research is to use current career theory perspectives to reconceptualize and develop a measure that is grounded in the career anchor framework but better reflects the boundaryless nature of careers today. We conducted two studies in which we develop and validate a measure of career orientation by examining its internal structure (Study 1) and external validity within a nomological network of conceptually related variables (Study 2). Results suggest that career orientation is best represented by a six-dimension factor structure: entrepreneurial creativity, security, managerial competence, lifestyle, technical competence, and service to a cause. Five of the six factors that emerged were correlated as expected with proactive personality, ambition, career self-management behaviors, mentoring relationships, and workplace attitudes, providing support for our conceptualization and measure of career orientation. The implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
An Empirically Derived Framework for Conceptualizing Schein’s Career Orientation Theory
Authors: Chapman Jared R.
Published: November 2015

In response to Feldman and Bolino’s call for a career anchor categorization system, several nonempirical and empirical attempts have been made to describe the relationships between career anchors. Feldman and Bolino suggest that such a system would be useful for counseling individuals and describing their career decisions. This article identifies the weaknesses of current career anchor relationship models and proposes an approach for conceptualizing complementarity and exclusivity relationships between career anchors. The results suggest a new approach for describing the underlying dimensions which influence career decisions. Four underlying career dimensions with dichotomous poles are identified and described. It is suggested that Schein’s practice of characterizing career orientation using eight career anchor profiles may be too inflexible and imprecise to accommodate current understandings of career orientation. It would be simpler, yet more precise, to map individuals directly to the underlying dimensions that govern career anchors rather than use career anchors as an intermediary.
The Spherical Model of Vocational Interests in Germany
Authors: Etzel Julian M. , Nagy Gabriel , Tracey Terence J. G.
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present investigation is to examine key aspects regarding the validity of the spherical model of vocational interests in Germany, namely, its structural validity, its convergent validity—with an instrument assessing vocational interests according to the RIASEC (R—Realistic, I—Investigative, A—Artistic, S—Social, E—Enterprising, and C—Conventional) model—and its construct validity regarding the pattern of gender differences. To this end, the Personal Globe Inventory (PGI) was translated and completed by a sample of German university students. Results of randomization tests of hypothesized order relations provided support for the structural validity of the instrument in female and male university students. Principal components analyses with target rotations identified two particular scales as outliers. RIASEC scores derived from the PGI correlated strongly with corresponding scales of another instrument, and gender differences were in line with previous findings reported in the literature. Overall, our results provide evidence for the validity of the spherical model in German university students.
Leadership Intentions of Young Women
Authors: Baker Dustin F. , Larson Lisa M. , Surapaneni Spurty
Published: November 2015

The underrepresentation of women in leadership positions is a nagging problem in American society. Young women’s leadership intentions drive them to assume leadership opportunities despite barriers. The role of one particular personality trait most identified with leadership, namely, social potency, was examined in directly and indirectly predicting leadership intentions. 124 female college students were sampled. As hypothesized, social potency directly predicted leadership self-efficacy, leadership interest, and one of the two indicators of leadership intentions. Moreover, social potency indirectly predicted leadership intentions through leadership self-efficacy. A bootstrap procedure yielded significant indirect effects of social potency on leadership self-efficacy, leadership interest, and leadership intentions.
Career-Planning Beliefs as Predictors of Intentions to Seek Career Counseling
Authors: Braunstein-Bercovitz Hedva , Lipshits-Braziler Yuliya
Published: November 2015

To examine the factors that keep prospective clients from pursuing career counseling, the career-planning belief model (CPBM), consisting of five career planning-related belief types that are based on the health belief model principles, and the accompanying Career-Planning Belief Questionnaire (CPBQ) were developed. Study 1 ( n = 200) presents the development and the psychometric properties of CPBQ. In Study 2 ( n = 330), confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the proposed model provided a good fit to the data. Additionally, the CPBM predicted intentions to seek career counseling: Higher anticipated effectiveness of career counseling, higher perceived severity of career-planning difficulties, and higher motivation to invest efforts in career-adjustment activities were positively associated with intentions to seek career counseling. Perceived benefits or obstacles to help seeking were not predictive of intentions. The findings suggest methods by which prospective clients may be encouraged to seek career counseling and implications for career counseling.
Telemedicine in the acute health setting: A disruptive innovation for specialists (an example from stroke)
Authors: Bagot Kathleen L , Cadilhac Dominique A , Vu Michelle , Moss Karen , Bladin Christopher F ,   on behalf of the VST collaborators
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Telemedicine is a disruptive innovation within health care settings as consultations take place via audio-visual technology rather than traditional face-to-face. Specialist perceptions and experiences of providing audio-visual consultations in emergency situations, however, are not well understood. The aim of this exploratory study was to describe the experience of medical specialists providing acute stroke decision-making support via telemedicine.

Methods

Data from the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine (VST) programme were used. The experiences of specialists providing an acute clinical telemedicine service to rural emergency departments were explored, drawing on disruptive innovation theory. Document analysis of programme consultation records, meeting minutes and in-depth individual interviews with three neurologists were analysed using triangulation.

Results

Since February 2014, 269 stroke telemedicine consultations with 12 neurologists have occurred. Retention on the roster has varied between 1 and >4 years. Overall, neurologists reported benefits of participation, as they were addressing health equity gaps for rural patients. Negative effects were the unpredictability of consultations impacting on their personal life, the mixed level of experience of colleagues initiating the consult and not knowing patient outcomes since follow-up communication was not routine.

Conclusions

Insights into workforce experience and satisfaction were identified to inform strategies to support specialists to adapt to the disruptive innovation of telemedicine.
A modular informatics platform for effective support of collaborative and multicenter studies in cardiology
Authors: Marinelli Martina , Positano Vincenzo , Lorenzoni Valentina , Caselli Chiara , Mangione Maurizio , Marcheschi Paolo , Puzzuoli Stefano , Esposito Natalia , L’Abbate Giuseppe Andrea , Neglia Danilo
Published: November 2015

Collaborative and multicenter studies permit a large number of patients to be enrolled within a reasonable time and providing the opportunity to collect different data. Informatics platforms play an important role in management, storage, and exchange of data between the participants involved in the study. In this article, we describe a modular informatics platform designed and developed to support collaborative and multicenter studies in cardiology. In each developed module, data management is implemented following local defined protocols. The modular characteristic of the developed platform allows independent transfer of different kinds of data, such as biological samples, imaging raw data, and patients’ digital information. Moreover, it offers safe central storage of the data collected during the study. The developed platform was successfully tested during a European collaborative and multicenter study, focused on evaluating multimodal non-invasive imaging to diagnose and characterize ischemic heart disease.
Overall perceived value of a tourism service: Analysing the spillover effect between electronic channel and consumption of the hotel service
Authors: Sabiote Ortiz Carmen M , Frías-Jamilena Dolores M , Castañeda García J Alberto
Published: November 2015

This study aims to investigate the key antecedents and consequences of the overall perceived value of the online purchase decision-making process for a tourism service. To this end, the spillover effect of the tourist’s perceptions of the purchasing channel on their evaluation of tourism service quality and on overall perceived value is analysed. A questionnaire was administered to 150 tourists who had purchased hotel accommodation via the Internet. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then used to analyse the formation of overall perceived value. It was found that the tourist’s overall assessment of a tourism service is not only influenced by their perceptions of the establishment itself but also by their impressions of the medium they used for information and booking purposes. This paper breaks new ground in the study of overall perceived value formation, by jointly analysing the purchase, consumption, and post-experience assessment phases, whilst addressing both online and offline media. These aspects are reflected in the spillover effect provoked by the interaction between the online purchasing channel and consumption of the service.
Social housing provision for minority ethnic older people with dementia: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Lipman Valerie , Manthorpe Gillian
Published: November 2015

Little research has explored how not-for-profit housing providers, often termed Housing Associations in the United Kingdom, meet the needs of older tenants with dementia who are from black and ethnic minority communities. This article presents findings from an exploratory study conducted in 2015. The study took an audit approach, investigating current practice and policy in 12 Housing Associations. All were developing their understanding of dementia; some were augmenting their standard rented property portfolio to include housing with care provision; and most had policies relating to equalities and diversity and were offering dementia training to members of staff. None appeared to have fully integrated the three strands of housing services, dementia care, and cultural or ethnicity-related needs and preferences. A range of strategies was reported as being developed to meet tenants’ changing circumstances. Anxiety about the cost of adaptations was commonly reported, although the nature and extent of this were ill-defined. Discussion focuses on the findings’ implications for housing providers and for dementia professionals.
Doing ‘dirty work’: Stigma and esteem in the private security industry
Authors: Hansen Löfstrand Cecilia , Loftus Bethan , Loader Ian
Published: November 2015

This article draws upon two different ethnographic studies – one based in Sweden, the other in the United Kingdom – to explore how private security officers working in a stigmatized industry construct and repair their self-esteem. Whereas the concept of ‘dirty work’ (Hughes, 1951) has been applied to public police officers, an examination of private security officers as dirty workers remains undeveloped. Along with describing instances of taint designation and management, we find that the occupational culture of security officers enhances self-esteem by infusing security work with a sense of purpose. As members of a tainted occupation, security officers employ a range of strategies to deflect scorn and reframe their work as important and necessary.
Empowering adolescent girls in developing countries: The potential role of education
Authors: Murphy-Graham Erin , Lloyd Cynthia
Published: November 2015

This article proposes a conceptual framework for how education can promote adolescent girls’ empowerment and, by mapping the field, highlights promising examples of empowering education programs. We conclude by identifying both research and programmatic opportunities for the future that will harness the expertise of a range of specialists from the interdisciplinary fields of gender studies and adolescent development in collaboration with experts from the fields of education, health, and labor.
The political dynamics of educational changes in China
Authors: Huang Zhongjing , Wang Ting , Li Xiaojun
Published: November 2015

This article explores the trajectory of educational changes in China over the past three decades in the context of globalization and social and economic transformation. It addresses three research questions: what educational changes occurred in China, why some educational policies worked well but others failed, how the political dynamics of educational changes interplayed with each other. Informed by the literature on ‘glocalization’ and ‘controlled decontrol’, the authors develop a two-dimensional theoretical framework to analyze the political dynamics of educational changes in China, and examine the tensions between globalization and localization, centralization and decentralization. Through a critical review of educational policies and a discussion of theories and empirical studies, this article provides insight into alternative interpretation of educational changes in China.
‘Glocality’ in play: Efforts and dilemmas in changing the model of the teacher for the Norwegian national framework for kindergartens
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen
Published: November 2015

Norwegian society is becoming increasingly heterogeneous. In order to meet challenges and provide conditions for high quality kindergartens ‘The National Kindergarten Act’ and the ‘Norwegian Framework Plan for Kindergartens’ are under revision (period 2013 to 2016). A central challenge of this is how to formulate ideas that support teachers’ pedagogical practices in complex contexts. The article describes how a working group with a mandate from the Norwegian government (Ministry of Education and Research) provide solutions, including a wide vision of the ‘glocal teacher’, a framework where ethical considerations for the future of children were highlighted and where local, situated and culture-sensitive practices were encouraged. Furthermore, the article raises questions and gives illustrations of what kind of model of the teacher and the child should be created in the best interest of children in a growing pluralistic society. A further elaboration of the concept of ‘glocalisation’ in the context of teachers’ pedagogy is needed in order to meet diversity and the educational challenges that follow. A ‘glocal’ model of the teacher could serve as a thinking tool for increasing awareness of globally shared concerns and at the same time for understanding the impact of local traditions and recent practices. The concept of ‘bildung’ (‘danning’) includes such visions and nourishes suggested pedagogical strategies for teacher practices.
The needs and difficulties in socializing the young in contemporary China: Early childhood education experts’ perspectives
Authors: Hsueh Yeh , Hao Jun , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2015

This study was the first of its kind in China to examine early childhood education experts’ perspectives on the urgent educational needs of preschool-aged children. Twenty-one nationally and regionally recognized experts, including university professors, practitioners and government officials, participated in interviews. They offered critical evaluations of early educational needs, pointing out the difficulties in socializing young children in the context of dramatic socioeconomic changes, the country’s single-child policy, labor migration in urbanization, and other societal forces. This study adopted a conceptual framework from cultural anthropology to present and interpret the experts’ perspectives in terms of the survival, economic and cultural goals of socialization. The experts’ perspectives suggest that early Chinese socialization should emphasize health, the acquisition of healthy habits, the development of well-socialized personalities, skills for future economic success, and the preservation of cultural beliefs and values, especially Chinese cultural emotions. These experts’ explanations constitute a call for adaptive early Chinese socialization and parenting, and offer a widely shared Chinese response to complex societal transformation in globalization.
Philosophy of education, dialogue and academic life in Aotearoa-New Zealand
Authors: Stewart Georgina , Roberts Peter
Published: November 2015

This collaborative paper reflects on academic life in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Drawing on our different personal histories, we examine the dominant influence of neoliberal ideas in shaping tertiary education reform, explore the importance of identity and worldview in structuring academic experience, and discuss the role of philosophy of education in the contemporary university.
Pursuing lines of flight: Enacting equity-based preservice teacher learning in first-year teaching
Authors: Strom Katie , Martin Adrian D
Published: November 2015

This article examines how one first-year physics teacher translated his inquiry-based, socially just pre-professional learning into classroom practice in his first several months of teaching, using rhizomatics, a non-linear theory of social activity, as a theoretical and methodological frame. This case highlights the complexity of enacting a social justice-oriented pedagogical practice as a new teacher in a constrained school environment. Although the participant experienced positive interactions with his students, he faced multiple external challenges as well as his own internal conflicts about teaching methods. These conditions influenced him to adopt more traditional practices than those that were espoused in the participant’s teacher education programme, although some evidence of progressive teaching surfaced inconsistently. Authors provide recommendations for teacher educators and policy makers to better support new teachers as they transition into the first year of teaching, and call on researchers to explore methodologies and theories that can account for nonlinearity, complexity and multiplicity in investigating teaching and learning.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Saururus chinensis aerial parts in murine macrophages via induction of heme oxygenase-1
Authors: Meng Xue , Kim Inhye , Jeong Yong Joon , Cho Young Mi , Kang Se Chan
Published: November 2015

Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. is a perennial plant distributed throughout Northeast Asia and its roots have been widely used as a traditional medicine for hepatitis, asthma, pneumonia, and gonorrhea. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of S. chinensis of the aerial parts (rather than the root), and the signaling pathway responsible for this effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. The subfraction 4 (SCF4) from the n-hexane layer of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. chinensis exhibited the highest nitrite-inhibitory activity. SCF4 significantly inhibited the production of nitrite and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. SCF4 caused significant phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt, which subsequently induced the nuclear translocation of p-p65 nuclear factor-κB and Nrf2. SCF4 also suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1). The heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin attenuated the inhibitory effect of SCF4 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitrite production and expression of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and p-STAT1. We identified sauchinone as the active compound in S. chinensis extract and SCF4. Sauchinone was shown to significantly inhibit nitrite production and inflammatory mediators expression via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. These results suggest that S. chinensis extract, SCF4, and its active compound, sauchinone, could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Collaborative Developmental Action Inquiry
Authors: Nicolaides Aliki , Dzubinski Leanne
Published: November 2015

Life in the 21st century is increasingly complex, paradoxical, and ambiguous, bringing into question the ways that graduate adult education programs function. In this article, we describe an action research study involving the method of collaborative developmental action inquiry conducted with key stakeholders of a program in adult education at a research one university. Collaborative developmental action inquiry created opportunities for transformative learning to take place. The study process and outcomes suggest that the method and practices of collaborative developmental action inquiry could themselves create favorable conditions for transformative learning to occur.
Gamers Who Protest
Authors: Stokes Benjamin , Williams Dmitri
Published: November 2015

Commercial games are rarely studied for their links to civic behavior. Yet small-group games online can affect the social networks that spill into civic life (and vice versa). This study examined players of the world’s most popular personal computer game, League of Legends. Such games are theorized as mirrors that reflect civic tendencies and help some players to retain social resources. Using models of civic voluntarism, the attitudes and behaviors of more than 9,000 gamers were investigated. Gamers were shown to have relatively typical civic lives, except for unusually high rates of peaceful protest. Which gamers protest? As predicted, models for protest improved when considering how players approach their gaming (including recruiting and collaboration preferences). Dispelling some civic fears, there was no evidence that video games distracted from civic life when played in moderation. The findings support an emerging notion of protest as a playful and “expressive” civic mode.
It’s Not Funny
Authors: Méndez-Morse Sylvia
Published: November 2015

This case study may be used with personnel supervision, school law, and other school leadership courses. It describes the behavior and actions of one teacher toward another. Student discussions can focus on supervision, workplace mobbing, workplace bullying, as well as sexual harassment. Students should focus on a school leader’s role in such situations. The case can be used to examine appropriate supervision, personnel policy and laws, and/or school leadership and its influence on organizational culture. Students decide what the principal should do next to address the situation and what a long-term plan should include for preventing similar scenarios in the future.
Principals and School Counselors
Authors: Roberts Laura A. , Bouknight Tamisha M.
Published: November 2015

This case illustrates an example of how one school relied solely on aggregate data and failed to address the college readiness needs of African American students with disabilities. However, the way in which the school counselor identified this opportunity gap may not have been the most ethical approach, and now she is faced with a dilemma. This case emphasizes the importance of establishing communication between school building leaders and school counselors so that they can work collaboratively toward a common goal of identifying and addressing school achievement gaps in college readiness for underserved populations of students.
“That’s Not in My Job Description!”
Authors: Stone-Johnson Corrie
Published: November 2015

This case examines the challenges facing a high school principal in a struggling suburban district in the Rust Belt. This school is faced with declining achievement of entering students and a loss of both teaching and support staff. In this context, the principal struggles with the assignment of non-professional duties, which do not fall under the work of either teachers or counselors but are critical to the successful operation of the school. Educators should engage in dialogue not only about how to address accountability pressures in light of diminished resources but also about the role of counselors, a topic that is rarely addressed in educational leadership programs but one that is important as counselors, teachers, and administrators are increasingly asked to engage systemically in school improvement.
Strong One Lasting One
Authors: Brown Goldy
Published: November 2015

Trust is a key element in improving learning and teaching. Reviewing research on the topic of establishing trust by school leaders illuminates actions needed to make a positive difference in the culture of a school. Using the concept of mindfulness, the instructional leader was able to regain the trust of the community, parents, faculty, and staff. The purpose of this article is to describe how an elementary principal utilized three strategies to rebuild trust with stakeholders that resulted in improved learning outcomes for students and the development of a positive school community.
A New Supervisor With a New Agenda
Authors: Derrington Mary Lynne , Larsen Donald
Published: November 2015

A tenured respected principal learns that supervisory relationships with staff are only one side of the leadership coin. The other side turns up when a new assistant superintendent is assigned as his supervisor. Problems are imminent when the supervisor seems ready to usurp the principal’s traditional decision-making authority. The principal, as the subordinate in this scenario, ponders the role of loyalty and team play versus the political implications of supervisory conflict and pressure from a parent interest group. Questions guide current and aspiring principals to reflect and consider the facets of establishing a relationship with a new supervisor and resolving practice-related conflicts. Activities are designed for reflecting on the pitfalls and possibilities open to a principal under pressure from the supervisor, band parents, reallocated resources, and his own struggle with fair and appropriate treatment of a valued teacher he has known throughout his high school career.
There’s Battle Lines Being Drawn
Authors: Schumacher Gary , Hammonds Craig
Published: November 2015

This case is written for graduate students in a superintendency seminar course, a school–community relations course, or a school leadership course, such as a school politics course. It presents a highly charged school referendum issue in a school district that is comprised of two distinctly different communities. An initial referendum to construct a new middle school failed by a wide margin. The voting outcome was split along community lines. The ensuing backlash was serious and threatened the very existence of the school district. The case provides an opportunity to examine two issues: potential causes for the failure of the first referendum and an analysis of change theory and its application to a planning process that will lead.
Culturally Conscious Curriculum
Authors: Blankenship Ann E. , Locke Leslie Ann
Published: November 2015

This case study outlines the struggle for desegregation and the adoption of culturally responsive curricula in the Tucson Unified School District (TUSD) as it attempted to balance state politics and federal court oversight. The case offers a detailed illustration of the political and legal events that led up to the adoption, elimination, and reinstatement of the TUSD Mexican American Studies (MAS) program. With a focus on social justice and the power of culturally relevant curricula, educational leaders are encouraged to consider these events from the perspective of different stakeholders in evaluating future policy alternatives for MAS in Tucson.
Analyzing Data and Asking Questions at Shell School, Sea County Florida
Authors: Vanover Charles
Published: November 2015

This case discusses early work to implement the Common Core State Standards at a fictitious school in Florida. The case is designed to support students’ efforts to use school accountability data for inquiry and to conceptualize change in schools where previous leaders’ efforts were not successful. Shell Elementary is an exurban school that serves a predominantly low income, Caucasian community. Accountability data show that Shell’s students learn below the achievement levels specified by the state. The written text describes a dysfunctional school leadership system where data are not used in a collaborative process. The Teaching Questions ask students to imagine the initial steps in an inquiry that might surface the information necessary to set the direction and lead a beneficial process of change.
Gang Activity on Campus
Authors: Shaw Mahauganee , Meaney Sarah
Published: November 2015

This case study challenges readers to consider a contemporary issue for campus threat assessment and emergency preparedness: gang presence on college campuses. A body of research examining the presence of gangs and gang activity on college campuses has developed, revealing that gangs pose a viable threat for institutions of higher education. The question of whether and how to confront this issue raises questions regarding student safety, success and retention, as well as violence on campus. This case study presents a developing scenario, in which readers are asked to make decisions prior to more information unfolding. It is designed to address the question of campus safety, and focus current and future campus administrators on the complexities of the emergency response process.
Exploring the Potential for a Consolidated Standard for Reporting Guidelines for Qualitative Research
Authors: Hannes Karin , Heyvaert Mieke , Slegers Karin , Vandenbrande Stef , Van Nuland Marc
Published: November 2015

Background:

Consolidating a standard for reporting qualitative research remains a challenging endeavor, given the variety of different paradigms that steer qualitative research as well as the broad range of designs, and techniques for data collection and analysis that one could opt for when conducting qualitative research.

Method:

A total of 18 experts in qualitative research participated in an argument Delphi approach to explore the arguments that would plead for or against the development and use of reporting guidelines (RGs) for qualitative research and to generate opinions on what may need to be considered in the further development or further refinement of RGs for qualitative research.

Findings:

The potential to increase quality and accountability of qualitative research was identified as one of the core benefits of RGs for different target groups, including students. Experts in our pilot study seem to resist a fixed, extensive list of criteria. They emphasize the importance of flexibility in developing and applying such criteria. Clear-cut RGs may restrict the publication of reports on unusual, innovative, or emerging research approaches.

Conclusions:

RGs should not be used as a substitute for proper training in qualitative research methods and should not be applied rigidly. Experts feel more comfortable with RGs that allow for an adaptation of criteria, to create a better fit for purpose. The variety in viewpoints between experts for the majority of the topics will most likely complicate future consolidation processes. Design specific RGs should be considered to allow developers to stay true to their own epistemological principles and those of their potential users.
Self-managed care teams to improve community care for frail older adults in the Netherlands
Authors: Alders Peter
Published: November 2015

Strong collaboration among primary care physician, pharmacist, and a community nurse can provide close monitoring of the conditions of frail older adults in their home environment. Reforms in long-term care in the Netherlands provide incentives to improve this collaboration. The reforms are in line with the innovation in the home-care market. Buurtzorg uses small, self-managed, highly qualified teams for home care since 2006. With neighborhood-focused teams and a limited number of nurses who care for a patient, communication with other caregivers is easier. Moreover, the way to transform an organization to work with self-managed teams is discussed.
High-density lipoprotein modulates thrombosis by preventing von Willebrand factor self-association and subsequent platelet adhesion
Authors: Chung Dominic W. , Chen Junmei , Ling Minhua , Fu Xiaoyun , Blevins Teri , Parsons Scott , Le Jennie , Harris Jeff , Martin Thomas R. , Konkle Barbara A. , Zheng Ying , López José A.
Published: November 2015

Key Points

High-density lipoprotein and its major apolipoprotein ApoA-I prevent von Willebrand factor self-association. Targeting von Willebrand factor self-association could be a new approach to treating thrombotic disorders.
Diversity and evolution of ABC proteins in mycorrhiza-forming fungi
Authors: Kovalchuk Andriy , Kohler Annegret , Martin Francis , Asiegbu Fred O.
Published: November 2015

Background

Transporter proteins are predicted to have an important role in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, due to the fact that this type of an interaction between plants and fungi requires a continuous nutrient and signalling exchange. ABC transporters are one of the large groups of transporter proteins found both in plants and in fungi. The crucial role of plant ABC transporters in the formation of the mycorrhizal symbiosis has been demonstrated recently. Some of the fungal ABC transporter-encoding genes are also induced during the mycorrhiza formation. However, no experimental evidences of the direct involvement of fungal ABC transporters in this process are available so far. To facilitate the identification of fungal ABC proteins with a potential role in the establishment of the mycorrhizal symbiosis, we have performed an inventory of the ABC protein-encoding genes in the genomes of 25 species of mycorrhiza-forming fungi.

Results

We have identified, manually annotated and curated more than 1300 gene models of putative ABC protein-encoding genes. Out of those, more than 1000 models are predicted to encode functional proteins, whereas about 300 models represent gene fragments or putative pseudogenes. We have also performed the phylogenetic analysis of the identified sequences. The sets of ABC proteins in the mycorrhiza-forming species were compared to the related saprotrophic or plant-pathogenic fungal species. Our results demonstrate the high diversity of ABC genes in the genomes of mycorrhiza-forming fungi. Via comparison of transcriptomics data from different species, we have identified candidate groups of ABC transporters that might have a role in the process of the mycorrhiza formation.

Conclusions

Results of our inventory will facilitate the identification of fungal transporters with a role in the mycorrhiza formation. We also provide the first data on ABC protein-coding genes for the phylum Glomeromycota and for orders Pezizales, Atheliales, Cantharellales and Sebacinales, contributing to the better knowledge of the diversity of this protein family within the fungal kingdom.
Alterations in dorsal and ventral posterior cingulate connectivity in APOEε4 carriers at risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kerestes Rebecca , Phal Pramit M. , Steward Chris , Moffat Bradford A. , Salinas Simon , Cox Kay L. , Ellis Kathryn A. , Cyarto Elizabeth V. , Ames David , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher C. , Sharman Matthew J. , Salvado Olivier , Szoeke Cassandra , Lai Michelle , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , Desmond Patricia M.
Published: November 2015

Background

Recent evidence suggests that exercise plays a role in cognition and that the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) can be divided into dorsal and ventral subregions based on distinct connectivity patterns.

Aims

To examine the effect of physical activity and division of the PCC on brain functional connectivity measures in subjective memory complainers (SMC) carrying the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE 4) allele.

Method

Participants were 22 SMC carrying the APOE ɛ4 allele (ɛ4+; mean age 72.18 years) and 58 SMC non-carriers (ɛ4–; mean age 72.79 years). Connectivity of four dorsal and ventral seeds was examined. Relationships between PCC connectivity and physical activity measures were explored.

Results

ɛ4+ individuals showed increased connectivity between the dorsal PCC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the ventral PCC and supplementary motor area (SMA). Greater levels of physical activity correlated with the magnitude of ventral PCC–SMA connectivity.

Conclusions

The results provide the first evidence that ɛ4+ individuals at increased risk of cognitive decline show distinct alterations in dorsal and ventral PCC functional connectivity.
Flow dynamics control the location of sprouting and direct elongation during developmental angiogenesis
Authors: Ghaffari Siavash , Leask Richard L. , Jones Elizabeth A.V.
Published: November 2015

Angiogenesis is tightly controlled by a number of signalling pathways. Though our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis has rapidly increased, the role that biomechanical signals play in this process is understudied. We recently developed a technique to simultaneously analyse flow dynamics and vascular remodelling by time-lapse microscopy in the capillary plexus of avian embryos and used this to study the hemodynamic environment present during angiogenic sprouting. We found that sprouts always form from a vessel at lower pressure towards a vessel at higher pressure. We found that sprouts form at the location of a shear stress minimum, but avoid locations where two blood streams merge even if this point is at a lower level of shear stress than the sprouting location. Using these parameters, we were able to successfully predict sprout location in embryos. We also find that the pressure difference between two vessels is permissive to elongation, and that sprouts will either change direction or regress if the pressure difference becomes negative. Furthermore, the sprout elongation rate is proportional to the pressure difference between the two vessels. Our results show that flow dynamics are predictive of the location of sprout formation in perfused vascular networks and that pressure differences across the interstitium can guide sprout elongation.
Encapsulation of Moluccan albizia's (Paraserianthes falcataria) seeds to support tree plantation program in urban areas
Authors: SUKIMAN HARMASTINI , LEKATOMPESSY SYLVIA , WIDOWATI TIWIT , NURJANAH LISEU , NURIYANAH NURIYANAH
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Sukiman H, Lekatompessy S, Widowati T, Nurjanah L, Nuriyanah. 2015. Encapsulation of Mollucan albizia’s (Paraserianthes falcataria) seeds to support tree plantation program in urban areas. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 128-132.Green open space in urban areas and their outskirt is an essential requirement for healthy and clean cities. The success of tree plantation program requires the availability of high-quality seeds. Several relevant researches have produced technologies which can support tree plantation programs, among others, are seed encapsulation methods and the use of microbes for biological fertilizers. Encapsulation of seeds is aimed at protecting the seeds from extreme conditions that may occur during germination and, at the same time, providing microbes for the seedling growth. Results showed that nitrogen-fixing bacteria could be included in various materials of carriers for Moluccan albizia’s (Paraserianthes falcataria) seeds. The microbes which grow in agar media as a carrier become the best encapsulation method compare to microbes grow in other carriers.
Une histoire sans sciences sociales ?
Authors: Lemercier Claire
Published: November 2015

Cet article discute l’association affirmée par David Armitage et Jo Guldi entre usage de sources numérisées, quantification et retour à la longue durée, sur la base d’une tradition d’histoire quantitative ouverte aux sciences sociales et renouvelée par la micro-histoire. Il rappelle que la numérisation de nombreuses sources n’exonère pas de toute prudence dans l’analyse, notamment du fait des biais qu’elle crée. Il insiste surtout sur le fait qu’elle ne règle en rien une question centrale pour la quantification : celle de l’anachronisme contrôlé, c’est-à-dire de la difficile création de catégories adéquates lorsque l’on veut compter sur la longue durée. L’auteure discute aussi des implications d’un choix exclusif de la longue durée pour la réflexion historienne sur les causalités. La longue durée n’est-elle qu’une échelle de pure description ? Si ce n’est pas le cas, peut-elle éviter une version simpliste, de la dépendance au sentier ? Pour éviter ces écueils, il faut prendre en compte les débats des sciences sociales sur l’articulation des temporalités et des causalités.
Longue durée et profondeurs chronologiques
Authors: Lamouroux Christian
Published: November 2015

Cette brève contribution vise à replacer l’article de David Armitage et Jo Guldi dans un contexte historiographique élargi à l’histoire de la Chine, puisque Fernand Braudel prit garde dès l’origine de lier sa perspective de la longue durée à l’étude renouvelée des aires culturelles. En abordant les champs de l’histoire sociale et économique et, au-delà, des sciences sociales, les spécialistes de la Chine, en Europe comme aux États-Unis, déconstruisirent la trop longue durée de l’histoire chinoise en mettant en lumière son dynamisme, étouffé par ce qui n’était jusque-là qu’une « civilisation ». Ce mouvement a favorisé une heureuse spécialisation qui peut aujourd’hui s’appuyer sur des big data, construites en particulier dans l’entourage immédiat des deux auteurs.