bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametrized Twist Beam Suspension for Enhanced Ride and Handling: A Design Iteration Approach
Authors: Pakala Pradeep Kumar , Ganesh Lingadalu
Published: December 2024

The parametrized twist beam suspension is a pivotal component in the automotive industry, profoundly influencing the ride comfort and handling characteristics of vehicles. This study presents a novel approach to optimizing twist beam suspension systems by leveraging parametric design principles. By introducing a parameter-driven framework, this research empowers engineers to systematically iterate and fine-tune twist beam designs, ultimately enhancing both ride quality and handling performance.

The paper outlines the theoretical foundation of parametrized suspension design, emphasizing its significance in addressing the intricate balance between ride comfort and dynamic stability. Through a comprehensive examination of key suspension parameters, such as twist beam profile, material properties, and attachment points, the study demonstrates the versatility of the parametric approach in tailoring suspension characteristics to meet specific performance objectives.

To validate the effectiveness of this method, the research presents a series of case studies in which parametric variations are applied to existing twist beam suspension designs. The results reveal substantial improvements in ride comfort and handling dynamics, highlighting the potential for this approach to revolutionize suspension system development.

In conclusion, the parametrized twist beam suspension approach offers a promising avenue for automotive engineers to achieve optimal ride and handling characteristics through systematic design iteration. By providing a structured framework for parameter adjustments, this research contributes to the advancement of suspension technology, ultimately leading to safer, more comfortable, and better-performing vehicles.
Navigating Future Horizons with Leading-Edge Exterior Lamps
Authors: Joshi Vivek S. , Mandloi Prince , Ghanvat Hemant , Bolij Aarti
Published: December 2024

Automotive “Exterior Lighting” systems are subject to stringent regulatory requirements and vehicle manufactures internal standards to meet the functional and aesthetic requirement of various vehicle classes. Exterior Lighting systems have grown increasingly due to complexity in design to meet customer demands. Traditionally, validation of lighting system is dependent on physical testing and associated vehicle hardware, particularly Body Control System (BCM). This traditional approach presents several challenges, including dependency on mature vehicle hardware and software, difficulties in integration testing and synchronization across various lamps, and this may compromised design validation quality. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach leveraging digital simulation of lamps validation methodology through a real time hardware simulation system. Enabling independent testing and validation of exterior lighting systems in a controlled virtual environment. The digital simulation approach allows for the early and flexible assessment of lamp functionality without direct reliance on physical vehicle components, hardware and software maturity. With simulating lighting system interactions within a virtual environment, has several key benefits, including enhanced flexibility in testing, improved integration validation, and superior design validation quality. This paper details the methodology for implementing digital simulation using Real time hardware simulation technology, ultimately addressing the limitations of traditional testing methods.
An Experimental Study of Clutch Wear Profile on a Vehicle with Automated Manual Transmission and Simulating the Same on Test Bench for Future Applications
Authors: Chopra Chandan , Kumar Varun , Mamidigumpula Mohan Kumar Reddy
Published: December 2024

Clutch wear is a significant factor affecting vehicle performance and maintenance costs, and understanding its dynamics is crucial for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to enhance product reliability and customer satisfaction. It is important to predict clutch wear to enable customers to understand the condition of their clutch and the remaining clutch life, to avoid sudden vehicle breakdowns. This paper explains the approach of measuring the clutch wear profile on an actual vehicle and simulating the same conditions on a powertrain test bench, with the establishment of a correlation in clutch wear profiles.
Impact on FEAD Dynamic Performance of Mild Hybrid Engine with Increase in Engine Torque
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Gupta Avinash , Bharti Anil Kant
Published: December 2024

Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) systems are used in automobiles to transfer power from the engine-to-engine accessory components such as the alternator, water pump, etc. using a Belt and Tensioner. The emergence of Mild hybrid technologies has led to the replacement of alternator with Belt-driven Integrated Starter-generator (B-ISG). In conventional configuration of FEAD, the power transfer is in single direction but in mild hybrid engine power transfer is bidirectional: tight and slack side of the Belt changes as per Torque assist or Regeneration mode. The presence of an integrated starter-generator (ISG) in a belt transmission places excessive strain on the FEAD System and necessitates checking the dynamic performance of FEAD System thoroughly.

Study of Increase in Engine Torque in existing Vehicle was done to understand its effect on various system. This vehicle is Mild Hybrid and consists of Belt-driven Integrated Starter generator system. Increase in Engine torque lead to increase in rotational fluctuation which directly impacts the FEAD System parameters such Belt slip, Belt Tension, etc. This paper presents the impact of increase in Engine Torque on dynamic performance of FEAD system through System performance test on Vehicle. System Performance test measures various parameters of Vehicle and FEAD System during different test patterns which are worst conditions for FEAD. These different Test patterns were identified based on ISG Modes (Assist, Generation and Regeneration) and various parameters such as Rotational fluctuation, ISG Torque, Battery SOC, etc. System performance Test result shows the Belt slip, Belt Tension and Tensioner behavior during ISG Modes (Assist, Generation & Regeneration). Measurement results were compared and analyzed, and it was judged that current FEAD design of the drive system meets the requirements of Engine with increased torque. Influence of increase in damping of Hydraulic Tensioner on FEAD performance parameter was also demonstrated. Approach followed for design verification in this paper have practical engineering significance for design and development of the FEAD System.
Best Practices in Sensor Selection for Object Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Maktedar Asrarulhaq , Chatterjee Mayurika
Published: December 2024

Object detection (OD) is one of the most important aspects in Autonomous Driving (AD) application. This depends on the strategic sensor’s selection and placement of sensors around the vehicle. The sensors should be selected based on various constraints such as range, use-case, and cost limitation. This paper introduces a systematic approach for identifying the optimal practices for selecting sensors in AD object detection, offering guidance for those looking to expand their expertise in this field and select the most suitable sensors accordingly. In general, object detection typically involves utilizing RADAR, LiDAR, and cameras. RADAR excels in accurately measuring longitudinal distances over both long and short ranges, but its accuracy in lateral distances is limited. LiDAR is known for its ability to provide accurate range data, but it struggles to identify objects in various weather conditions. On the other hand, camera-based systems offer superior recognition capabilities but lack the precision in range resolution. Fusion of all the three sensors could improve object detection results, however at a higher cost and may be redundant in some cases. In autonomous driving, different functions like dynamic fusion, static fusion, and road model are used to detect a variety of objects like vehicles, motorcycles, guardrails, and road lanes. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of each sensor, the nature of the data it generates, its level of accuracy, and the limitations it encounters in detecting various objects. For each object, the paper outlines important steps and recommendations that can be implemented to achieve optimal results. This paper elucidates a framework for multi-sensor fusion in object detection, demonstrating superior performance through a practical use case. Model output is rigorously validated against ground truth data using proven devices. The proposed methodology yields demonstrably improved and refined obstacle and environment classification.
Optimization of Additive Manufacturing (Fused Deposition Modeling) of PLA Material Using TOPSIS Approach
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Kiruthika Jothi , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Silambarasan R.
Published: December 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has transformed the manufacturing industry by allowing the creation of intricate shapes using different materials. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that is commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its environmentally friendly nature, affordability, and ease of processing. This study aims to optimize the parameters of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for PLA material using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The researchers performed experimental trials to examine the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The methodology of design of experiments (DOE) enabled a systematic exploration of parameters. The TOPSIS approach, a technique for making decisions based on multiple criteria, was used to analyze the experimental data and determine the best parameter settings. TOPSIS provides a comprehensive method for optimizing parameters in FDM by taking into account both the closeness to the ideal solution and the distance from the negative ideal solution. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the TOPSIS method in pinpointing the most advantageous parameter combinations for improving the printing quality and efficiency of PLA components. The optimization framework that has been developed offers valuable insights into the optimization and control of processes, thereby facilitating the wider implementation of FDM technology across different industries. This study enhances the comprehension of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Polylactic Acid (PLA) material and provides useful techniques for optimizing FDM parameters. Manufacturers can improve printing productivity, quality, and sustainability by utilizing the TOPSIS approach. This, in turn, will help promote the wider use of AM technology in various applications.
Enhancing Bumper & Headlamp Durability: Lightweight Bumper Design with Optimized Resonance Frequency
Authors: Pandey Sudheer , Ganesan Balaji
Published: December 2024

In the realm of commercial vehicle design, enhancing the durability of bumpers and headlamps is paramount for ensuring safety and reducing maintenance costs. This study explores the development of a lightweight bumper design with optimized resonance frequency to improve the durability of these critical components. The research focuses on innovative design techniques to achieve a balance between weight reduction and structural integrity. The primary objective is to minimize the impact forces transmitted to the bumper and headlamp assemblies during vibrations. By employing finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental validation, the study identifies the optimal resonance frequency that mitigates the risk of resonance-induced damage. Additionally, the study examines the influence of geometric modifications on the bumper’s performance. Various design iterations are analyzed to determine the most effective configuration for enhancing durability while maintaining compliance with industry standards. The optimized design not only reduces the overall weight of the vehicle, contributing to improved fuel efficiency, but also extends the lifespan of the bumper and headlamp assemblies.

The findings of this research have significant implications for the commercial vehicle industry. The implementation of lightweight bumpers with optimized resonance frequency can lead to substantial cost savings by decreasing the frequency of repairs and replacements.
Optimization and ANFIS Predictive Modeling of Additive Manufacturing (Fused Deposition Modeling) for PLA Material
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Kiruthika Jothi , Ramesh Naik Mude , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has become a revolutionary technology for creating intricate shapes using different materials. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that is commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its environmentally friendly properties, affordability, and ease of use. The objective of this study is to optimize the FDM parameters for PLA material and create predictive models using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to forecast printing performance. An investigation was carried out through experimental trials to examine the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes such as dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The utilization of design of experiments (DOE) methodology enabled a methodical exploration of parameters. A predictive model using ANFIS was created to forecast printing performance by utilizing input parameters. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the ANFIS predictive models in accurately predicting printing performance for PLA material. The models offer valuable insights into the most effective parameter configurations for maximizing printing efficiency and ensuring high-quality parts. This study enhances the comprehension of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for Polylactic Acid (PLA) material and provides a useful tool for optimizing the manufacturing process. Manufacturers can improve printing productivity and quality by utilizing ANFIS predictive models. This will help promote the wider use of FDM technology in different industries such as prototyping, manufacturing, and healthcare.
Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters for Invar 36 Material Using TOPSIS Method
Authors: Pasupuleti Thejasree , Natarajan Manikandan , Kiruthika Jothi , Krishnamachary PC , Silambarasan R
Published: December 2024

Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a contemporary method that is extensively employed for intricate machining operations, especially in materials with high hardness and intricate shapes. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy known for its minimal change in size with temperature and consistent dimensions, poses distinct difficulties in the process of machining because of its specific properties. This study explores the process of optimizing WEDM parameters for Invar 36 material by adopting the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The study involved conducting experimental trials to analyze the influence of significant machining variables, such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time, applied current, on performance indicators such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra). The Taguchi based TOPSIS method was utilized to analyze the problem of multi-criteria decision-making and determine the most favorable parameter configurations. The results obtained shows the efficacy of the TOPSIS method in pinpointing the most advantageous combinations of parameters for improving the efficiency of machining and the quality of the surface of Invar 36 components. The implemented optimization method offers a structured framework for enhancing the efficiency of WEDM processes, specifically in hard to cut materials such as Invar 36. This study enhances the comprehension of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Invar 36 material and offers appreciated perceptions into the optimization of variables, which can be applied to various machining applications. Manufacturers can enhance efficiency and quality in the machining of complex components made from Invar 36 and similar materials by utilizing the TOPSIS method.
MBSE for SDV: A Framework for Efficient Resource Allocation and System Behavior in Software Defined Vehicle
Authors: Navas Akhil , Paul Annie
Published: December 2024

Emergence of Software Defined Vehicles (SDVs) presents a paradigm shift in the automotive domain. In this paper, we explore the application of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) for comprehensive system simulation within the SDV architecture. The key challenge for developing a system model for SDV using traditional methods is the document centric approach combined with the complexity of SDV. This MBSE approach can help to reduce the complexity involved in Software-Defined Vehicle Architecture making it more flexible, consistent, and scalable. The proposed approach facilitates the definition and analysis of functional, logical, and physical architecture enabling efficient feature and resource allocation and verification of system behaviour. It also enables iterative component analysis based on performance parameters and component interaction analysis (using sequence diagrams).
Smart Logistics Junction to Supervise the Material Handling Equipment Movements at the Intersection
Authors: Surendranath Sujith , Amasa Sanjay , Kotegar Shravan Raj , Venkataramana Surendhar , Sathiyamoorthi Gokul
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a work undertaken to simulate the logistics processes in the digital environment using a discrete event simulation software which involves the movements of the Material Handling Equipment [MHE]. MHE movements to the line side involves traffic, where the parts are transported from the supermarket area to the line side based on the part requirement list ordered from the line side. The intersections are the bottleneck in the system due to the traffic and if the vehicle scheduling is not streamlined, then during any failure/stoppage of the vehicle, would result in the blocking of the preceding vehicles causing line stoppage. This work outlines to develop a junction block in the digital environment using a discrete event driven approach where an optimal flow of the vehicles is maintained at the intersections. The Junction block is created based on the succeeding track occupancy level, thus the preceding MHE’s can overtake in case of any blockages based on the priority. The junction block dynamically updates the reorder point based on the delays due to traffic flow at the intersections and captures the traffic intensity level. This customized logic development of the junction block can be used across any simulation models as a library which involves the traffic flow thus optimizing the vehicle scheduling at the intersection of the routes which results in a significant reduction of modelling effort of the logics at the intersection.
Optimizing the Capacity of Dozer Blade with Hydraulic Foldable Wings to Enhance Productivity
Authors: Sahoo Jyoti Prakash , Sarma Neelam Kumar
Published: December 2024

Crawler Dozers play a critical role in global construction, mining and industrial sectors, performing essential tasks like pushing the material, grading, leveling and scraping. In the highly competitive dozer market, meeting the growing demand for increased productivity requires strategies to enhance blade capacity and width. Dozer operations involve pushing the material and dozing, where blade capacity significantly influences performance. Factors such as mold board profile, blade height, and width impact the blade capacity which are crucial for productivity in light weight applications such as snow removal and dirt pushing. Blade width is also pivotal for grading and leveling tasks. Traditional blade designs, like straight or fixed U-type blades, constrain operator flexibility, limiting overall productivity. The integration of hydraulic-operated foldable wings on both sides of the blade offers the adaptability to adjust blade capacity which also helps to reduce material spillage. This study investigates the impact of hydraulic folding wings on blade capacity, especially analyzing the correlation between fold angle and blade capacity. In this study, an empirical formula is derived to calculate the blade capacity of a folding blade for different wing folding angles. The optimal fold angle for maximizing capacity is determined for a standard material through analytical methods. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is carried out to assess the blade capacity of a foldable blade at the optimal folding angle in contrast to a straight blade. The study aims to evaluate the consequent influence of the blade capacity on the overall productivity. It is found from the study that the blade curvature included volume accounts for 16% of the total blade capacity and at optimum wing folding angle, the blade capacity is 26% more compared to the straight configuration.
Gas Turbine Engine Lubricant Specifications: Current Technical Review and Future Direction
Authors:   E-34 Propulsion Lubricants Committee
Published: December 2024

This AIR describes the current scientific and engineering principles of gas turbine lubricant performance testing per AS5780 and identifies gaps in our understanding of the technology to help the continuous improvement of this specification. Test methodologies under development will also be described for consideration during future revisions of AS5780.
Titanium Alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, Hot Isostatically Pressed (Low Temperature, High Pressure), Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors:   AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an alpha-beta Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing and subjected to hot isostatic press (HIP) operation.

Typically, this material is used for complex-shaped aerospace products made to near net shape dimensions. These products have been used typically for parts requiring operating strength up to 750 °F (399 °C), but usage is not limited to such applications.
Hydraulic Systems, Military Aircraft, Design and Installation, Requirements For
Authors:   A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers the design and installation requirements for Type I and II military aircraft hydraulic systems.
Inertia-Dynamometer Disc Brake Drag Measurement Test Procedure for Vehicles Less Than 4540 kg GVWR
Authors:   Brake Dynamometer Standards Committee
Published: December 2024

The SAE J2923 procedure is a recommended practice that applies to on-road vehicles with a GVWR below 4540 kg equipped with disc brakes.
Hydraulic Hose Pin Hole Sleeve Testing Information Toward Development of a Test Method
Authors:   Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Published: December 2024

This SAE Information Report documents efforts toward developing a test method for the evaluation of hose protection sleeves used in hydraulic fluid power applications.

These sleeves are intended for general application and hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. These sleeves shall be capable of providing protection to pin hole failures in hydraulic systems operating to working pressures specified by the manufacturer. Hose assembly burst containment is not in the scope of this document.
linear approach to estimating the impact of the central bank independence on the effectiveness of monetary policy in Algeria for the period (1990–2021)
Authors: Madouri Abderrezak
Published: December 2024

Theoretically, delegating monetary policy to a central bank independent of political interference leads to lower inflation. In this paper, we empirically study the impact of central bank independence on the effectiveness of monetary policy (in achieving price stability) in Algeria for the period (1990–2021), using the ARDL model. Our results suggest that central bank independence and democracy have a significant negative impact on inflation. Moreover, we find that the term interaction (between CBI and democracy) has the strongest impact (negative significant) on inflation. The findings support the hypothesis that improving democracy will increase CBI degrees and boost the effectiveness of monetary policy in Algeria.
Roadblocks to Public-Private Partnership on Infrastructure Development in Enugu State.
Authors: Kingsley Ogidi , Aduma Aloysius
Published: December 2024

The Study examined the road blocks to Public-Private Partnership on infrastructure development (PPP) in Enugu state. It further interrogates the challenges of PPP on infrastructure development in Enugu state. Through quantitative and qualitative methods, the study found out that insufficient investments by private concerns, policy inconsistency by the government, inadequacy of public fund, foreign exchange inconsistency and corruption of both public and private officials are some of the challenges affecting efficient implementation of PPP in the state. In realizing the objective of the study, a population of 586 staff of the state’s ministry of Agriculture and the state’s investment authority reduced to a researchable size of 238 through Taro Yamane statistical technique served as our respondents. The study concluded that PPP policy generally has a positive effect on infrastructure development in Enugu state but that the identified road blocks are seriously hampering its successes. The study recommended among others that government must strengthen its regulatory frameworks if PPP initiatives must be achieved.
Anti-hyperglycaemic effect of methanolic extract of Tridax procumbens in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats
Authors: Ngaski A.A. , Isah O.S. , Mainasara A.S.
Published: December 2024

Plant-based herbs have historically been a significant source of pharmaceutical molecules for the treatment of metabolic illnesses like diabetes mellitus. This research was aimed at assessing the antihyperglycaemic effect of Tridax procumbens plant on alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. The whole plant of T. procumbens was collected within UDUTH, Sokoto premises, dried under shade and extracted with absolute methanol by maceration for 72 hours with an obtainable percentage yield of 6.9%. The dried mass was used for preliminary phytochemical, acute toxicity and pharmacological analysis. Diabetic rats were treated with 250 mg/kg of metformin, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of T. procumbens extract for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected into sample containers to assess the hypoglycaemic effect of the methanolic extract of T. procumbens plant by analyzing fasting plasma glucose and fasting lipid profile level for all experimental animals and compared with diabetic control. The pancreas for all groups were harvested for histological examination. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of T. procumbens indicated the presence of alkaloid, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin compounds and the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. The methanolic extract of whole plant of at 250 and 500 mg/kg shows significant decrease (p<0.05) in fasting plasma glucose and some lipid profile parameters (TG, TC, LDL-C, and AI) except for (HDL-C) which significantly increased (p<0.05) when compared with diabetic control. The pancreas histology for groups treated with extract of T. procumbens at dose 250 and 500 mg/kg shows absence of islet cells. Methanolic extract of Tridax procumbens plant has a blood glucose lowering potential against alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat. However, chronic toxicity studies and molecular phytochemical studies should be conducted to assess the pancreatic effect over time and its active components.
Hibiscus iodine staining of cellular and keratinized tissues as a nuclear stain substitute for haematoxylin
Authors: Benard S.A. , Amusan O.S. , Fowotade A.A. , Afolabi O.O. , Olutunde O.A.
Published: December 2024

An iodine-based formulation of a simple boiling water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was compounded and stored at 4°C. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues from appendix, ovary, lymph node, and skin were randomly retrieved from teaching block archives duly labelled and sectioned at five microns. Sections were stained with the Hibiscus iodine formulation in line with routine protocol for haematoxylin and eosin. Ehrlich’s haematoxylin was used as a parallel control for each organ. Microscopic slide review by histopathology experts assessed the results as very good and revealed comparative staining with standard haematoxylin and eosin thus expanding the application of Hibiscus formulation in histopathological demonstration of cellular and keratinised tissues especially skin, lymph node, appendix, and ovary.
Comparative efficacy and clinical outcomes of compound betamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on IL-6 and IL-17 in keloid treatment.
Authors: Chen Leigang , Ren Huimin , Wu Yuanhui , An Guozhi , Jing Xiaolei , Zhao Tongxin
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and clinical outcomes of compound betamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in keloid management. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of 118 keloid patients treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China from January 2020 to December 2022. Patients were randomly divided into Group A (comprising 62 patients who received compound betamethasone) and Group B (comprising 56 patients who received triamcinolone acetonide). Treatment efficacy after 6 months using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), changes in IL-6 and IL-17 levels, and incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions were compared in both groups. Results: Group A demonstrated significantly higher overall response rate compared to Group B (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant reductions in IL-6 and IL-17 levels after treatment (p < 0.05). However, Group A showed significantly lower IL-6 and IL-17 (p < 0.05) and significantly higher VSS scores t Group B (p < 0.05). Incidence of adverse reactions was comparable between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compound betamethasone shows superior efficacy in reducing IL-6 and IL-17 levels and improves scar appearance in keloid patients comparable to triamcinolone acetonide. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments or combination therapies should be conducted.
Effect of varied times of tirofiban administration on post-emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jia Yawei , Zhang Yunjin , Jin Wenqing , Liu Zhengfeng , Wang Guangdong , Yao Qiong , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yuanzheng
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To determine the impact of time profile of tirofiban hydrochloride administration on short-term outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 112 patients with AMI who received PCI treatment in The First People's Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, China were randomly and equally assigned to study and control groups. The study group received intravenous tirofiban hydrochloride bolus (10 μg/kg) 1 - 2 h before PCI, followed by sustained infusion at 0.15 μg/kg/min for 36 h after the procedure. Control group received the same regimen immediately after PCI. Myocardial injury markers, cardiac functional parameters, ST-segment resolution, myocardial perfusion changes, bleeding complications, and adverse cardiovascular events over 6 months were evaluated. Results: When compared with control group, the study group exhibited significantly lower cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels and lower serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels at 7 days post-PCI (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study group showed significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), along with higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after 7 days (p < 0.05). The study group also exhibited superior ST-segment resolution and significant improvement in myocardial perfusion 90 min post-treatment and significantly lower incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias (p < 0.05). Both groups had similar rates of minor bleeding events and no incidence of severe complications or fatalities. Conclusions: Administering tirofiban preoperatively enhances coronary blood flow, improves myocardial perfusion, and reduces the risk of distal embolic events without increasing severe bleeding complications. Larger-scale, multicenter studies with longer follow-up periods are required to confirm these findings and evaluate the safety and efficacy of different administration time for tirofiban infusion in patients with AMI undergoing PCI.
Effect of total hip arthroplasty combined with alendronate sodium for the treatment of geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture.
Authors: Li Xuezhao , Fu Ming , Liu Xiang , E Zhiyin , Wang Cong , Tian Fangqiu
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To study the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) combined with alendronate sodium for the treatment of geriatric patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 geriatric patients with FNF treated at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China from August 2020 to August 2022. The patients were divided into control (n = 45) and study groups (n = 55). Control group received THA, while the study group received THA plus oral alendronate sodium (10 mg daily for three months). Bone mineral density (BMD), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), serum osteosclerosis (SOST) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were compared between groups before and 3 months after treatment. Results: Study group exhibited significantly higher total effective rate compared to control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the study group exhibited significantly increased BMD and IGF-1 levels and decreased SOST and TRAP levels compared to control group (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant changes in SOST and IGF-1 levels, with a decrease in SOST and an increase in IGF-1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study group demonstrated significant increase in BMD but a decrease in TRAP level after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of THA and alendronate sodium significantly enhances BMD and promotes healing in geriatric patients with FNF. Additional studies should address the challenge of small sample size to improve reliability and generalizability of these findings.
Efficacy of bivalent, quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines against human papillomavirus and cervical intraepithelial lesions: A systematic review
Authors: Kanan Mohammed , Alotaibi Nawaf , Munif Mohammed , Alghumuy Anas , Alsayed Mayar , Almanjumi Sahar , Alnemari Joud , Altwairqi Wasan , Marwai Abdulrahman , Alfaifi Khalid , Alkharisi Ron , Madkhali Hassan , Alotaibi Samar , Asiri Shuruq
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of bivalent (2v), quadrivalent (4v) and nonavalent (9v) vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria and involved an electronic search of studies published from 2018 to 2023. The efficacy of each vaccine was evaluated by comparing the number of vaccinated individuals with the number of positive cases using a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: The overall effectiveness of the 2v, 4v and 9v vaccines against CIN was 87.23 %, 99.85 and 97.7 %, respectively. Based on 95 % CIs, the vaccine efficacies for CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and > 6 months of persistent infection were 87.4, 86.2, 88.08 and 95.92 % for the 2v vaccine; 99.56, 100, 100 and 75.9 % for the 4v vaccine; and 98, 96.3, 99 and 96 % for the 9v vaccine, respectively. The 4vHPV vaccine was the most effective against HPV types in terms of protection against different stages of CIN. However, the 9vHPV vaccine was highly effective and offered protection against most HPV types. Conclusion: The 9vHPV vaccine is highly effective and thus an ideal choice for HPV and CIN as it offers protection against most HPV types.
Toxicological evaluation of hydro-alcohol root extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Adegoke Valentine , Okpakpor Emmar , Uwaya Dickson , Salawu Oluwakanyinsola , Ozolua Raymond
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the phytochemical content and toxicity profile of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afze (Apocynaceae). Method: Qualitative phytochemical screening of hydro-alcohol extract (HAE) of R. vomitoria roots was carried out followed by acute toxicity evaluation in nine Swiss albino Wistar rats using two phases of Lorke's method. In the 14 days subacute study, thirty-two Swiss albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. Group A received 0.5 mL Tween 80 daily and served as control, while groups B, C and D was administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day of HAE respectively. All the rats were monitored daily for signs of toxicity. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed at the termination of experiment. Results: Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and saponins were present in HAE. The estimated oral median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Daily administration of HAE for 14 days resulted in 15.63 % mortality of animals across the groups by day 14 with significant loss in total body weight in group D animals on day 8 (p < 0.05), and in group C animals on day 11 (p < 0.05) and day 15 (p < 0.001). The dose of 500 mg/kg/day significantly (p < 0.05) increased haemoglobin concentration but reduced (p < 0.05) white blood cell count, while the dose of 250 mg/kg/day significantly (p < 0.05) reduced alkaline phosphatase levels but increased serum albumin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Rauwolfia vomitoria may be safe on acute basis but repeated administration of high doses over many days needs to be done with caution.
Theological Coping Strategies for Pregnant Women's Mental Health during COVID-19 in Mwenezi District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Baloyi Dr Ezekiel
Published: December 2024

Pregnant women experienced more mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of elevated stress and worry. To learn how pregnant women in Zimbabwe's Masvingo Province handled these difficulties, research was carried out in the Mwenezi District. Thirty participants in qualitative interviews in a Christian background said that psychological resilience and emotional stability were supplied by religion, religious activities, and community support. The study discovered that stress was much reduced and hope was encouraged by practices including prayer, scripture reading, group worship, and pastoral counselling. It was also observed that coping mechanisms were shaped by the blending of traditional beliefs with Christian activities. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to take religious viewpoints into account when providing mental health care, particularly in rural Africa where religion is deeply ingrained in daily life. The study's recommendations include encouraging cooperation between religious leaders and healthcare professionals to give pregnant women comprehensive assistance and enhancing pastoral training on mental health concerns. By highlighting culturally appropriate coping strategies during times of crisis, this research advances our knowledge of the relationship between faith and mental health.
Teachers’ perspective and practice of using learning approaches to foster learner autonomy in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tai Huu , Tran Thu Le Anh
Published: December 2024

The research paper’s primary objective was to understand teachers’ reflections on the implementation of different learning approaches, including resource-based, curriculum-based, classroom-based, technological-based, teacher-based, and learner-based approaches, to foster Learner Autonomy (LA) of Vietnamese undergraduates. Applying learning approaches to encourage LA has been widely discussed; however, there is a lack of evidence of teachers’ perspective and practice, in relation to their professional experience, of those approaches to cultivating LA. A survey was conducted at the Creative Language Center of Ton Duc Thang University (TDT CLC), Vietnam, to collect responses from lecturers who have different experience in teaching English at the tertiary level. The findings indicate that teachers, regardless of experience, focused more on classroom-based approaches, such as providing cooperative learning and peer discussion to foster LA. However, teachers with more experience tend to focus on learner-based approaches to provide more individual training and assistance to help students become more autonomous learners. Understanding the concept of learning approaches and their implementation is believed to benefit teachers, especially those with less experience, in fostering LA in their own teaching context.
Linguistic features in expository paragraphs of multilingual fourth-graders
Authors: Gallarde Lanny Merryl Noro , Flores Rogela Alcantara
Published: December 2024

Knowledge of spelling development concerning phonology, orthography, and morphology and the non-linguistic factors affecting spelling execution have significant instructional and theoretical implications. Few studies have been conducted on Binisayang-Sinugboanon regarding spelling and literacy development and primary pupils simultaneously learning Filipino and English languages, which vary in the phonological, orthographical, and morphological systems. This study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of the triple word-form theory and cross-linguistic interference by explicitly analyzing the linguistic features and spelling error categories in the expository paragraphs in the Binisayang-Sinugboanon, Filipino, and English of the multilingual fourth-grade spellers. Types of spelling errors were identified and interpreted using the POMAS Coding System and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), in which the Binisayang-Sinugboanon got more errors in orthographical and morphological features among the three codes, which implies that multilingual participants find their mother tongue very complex in terms of their spelling structures. All three codes were high on orthographically-based errors with many occurrences in capitalization and unusual vowel patterns in English and vowel errors for both Binisayang-Sinugboanon and Filipino. Loanword fusion, a newly discovered error feature, was high in both local codes- proving the effect of multilingualism on spelling. The results of this research have transparent instructional implications for teaching spelling and theoretical implications for multilingualism concerning literacy development. The study may pave the way to research-based instructional intervention, emphasizing the orthographical-phonological-morphological interrelatedness, which may vary pedagogically considering their effects on multilingual learners.
Evi Anlamak
Authors: Tunç Demir Zeynep Elif
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma herkesin aşina olduğu, sosyalizasyon sürecinin ilk başladığı mekân olan “evi nasıl anlayabiliriz?” sorusunu analitik düzlemde tartışarak, evin sahip olduğu mahrem ilişkileri ve gündelik pratikleri ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Bunun beraberinde ev ve konut nosyonlarının mekânla kurulan ilişkiden bağımsız olmadığını; evin insan için idealize edilmiş bir form olduğunu ifade ederken, konutun idealize edilmekten ziyade bir metayı ifade etmek için kullanıldığı açık bir şekilde anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca konut araştırmalarına hâkim olan, tek biçimli konut yorumlarının aksine bu metin daha interdisipliner bir hatta yer almaktadır. Çünkü yazar konutun özüne sadece mekân üzerinden ulaşmaya çalışmaz. Gündelik hayattan toplumsal hafızaya, nesnelerle kurulan ilişkiden domestik ağlara, komşuluk kültüründen yalnız kalma tecrübesine değin çoklu parametreler üzerinden söz konusu olan öze ulaşamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Zemzem T. Polat’ın kaleme aldığı eseri incelenmiştir.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJARIPS SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 03 SOLOK SELATAN TAHUN AJARAN 2023/2024
Authors: Salsabillah Miranti Putri , Rahayu Sri , Wijaya Wibi
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi oleh metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa IPS kelas VII SMPN 03 Solok Selatan tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan tipe eksperimen, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Pengaruh Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation (GI) Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa kelas VII Di SMPN 03 Solok Selatan Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024 terdapat rata-rata nilai posttest  pada kelas eksperimen adalah 81,78 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 23 orang dan rata-rata kelas kontrol 66,69 dengan jumlah siswa 9 orang. Berdasarkan hasil uji t penerapan model pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI)  terhadap hasil belajar siswa dimana 0.0000.05. Artinya hipotesis dalam penelitian ini di terima karena memiliki pengaruh antara model pembelajaran dengan hasil belajar.
ANALISIS MAKNA DALAM LIRIK LAGU WONDERLAND INDONESIA KARYA ALFFY REF
Authors: Tirsa Aprima , Mastiah Mastiah , Wulandari Enis
Published: December 2024

Abstrack: This study discusses the lyrics of the song "Wonderland Indonesia" by Alffy Ref, which reflects the love and pride of the beauty and richness of Indonesian culture. The background of the study shows that literary works, including song lyrics, have a variety of interesting language styles and can be studied to understand deeper meanings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a structural approach, focusing on the analysis of language styles in the lyrics. The results of the analysis show that the song lyrics express a sense of nationalism through the depiction of cultural diversity and natural wealth of Indonesia. The phrases in the lyrics emphasize a deep love for the homeland, as well as a commitment to serve the country. By combining elements of traditional and modern culture, this song not only functions as entertainment, but also as a medium to foster a sense of nationalism and solidarity among the younger generation. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of the power of literature in arousing the spirit of nationalismKeywote : Analysis of meaning, song lyrics, wonderland Indonesia Abstrak : Penelitian ini membahas lirik lagu "Wonderland Indonesia" karya Alffy Ref, yang mencerminkan kecintaan dan kebanggaan terhadap keindahan serta kekayaan budaya Indonesia. Latar belakang penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karya sastra, termasuk lirik lagu, memiliki ragam gaya bahasa yang menarik dan dapat dipelajari untuk memahami makna yang lebih dalam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan struktural, fokus pada analisis gaya bahasa dalam lirik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lirik lagu mengekspresikan rasa nasionalisme melalui penggambaran keragaman budaya dan kekayaan alam Indonesia. Frasa-frasa dalam lirik menekankan cinta yang mendalam terhadap tanah air, serta komitmen untuk mengabdi kepada negara. Dengan menggabungkan elemen budaya tradisional dan modern, lagu ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai hiburan, tetapi juga sebagai media untuk menumbuhkan rasa kebangsaan dan solidaritas di antara generasi muda. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang kekuatan sastra dalam membangkitkan semangat nasionalisme.Kata kunci : Analisis makna, lirik lagu, wonderland Indonesia