bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic principal component analysis-based dimensionality reduction and optimization for arrhythmia classification using ECG signals
Authors: Vishwanath Bhagyalakshmi , Pujeri Ramchandra Vittal , Devanagavi Geeta
Published: March 2019

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical signal that contains data about the state and functions of the heart and can be used to diagnose various types of arrhythmias effectively. The modeling and simulation of ECG under different conditions are significant to understand the function of the cardiovascular system and in the diagnosis of heart diseases. Arrhythmia is a severe peril to the patient recovering from acute myocardial infarction. The reliable detection of arrhythmia is a challenge for a cardiovascular diagnostic system. As a result, a considerable amount of research has focused on the development of algorithms for the accurate diagnosis of arrhythmias. In this paper, a system for the classification of arrhythmia is developed by employing the probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) model. Initially, the cluster head is selected for the effective transmission of ECG signals of patients using the adaptive fractional artificial bee colony algorithm, and multipath routing for transmission is selected using the fractional bee BAT algorithm. Features such as wavelet features, Gabor transform, empirical mode decomposition, and linear predictive coding features are extracted from the ECG signal with high dimension (which are reduced using PPCA) and finally given to the proposed classifier called adaptive genetic-bat (AGB) support vector neural network (which is trained using the AGB algorithm) for arrhythmia detection. The experimentation of the proposed system is done based on evaluation metrics, such as the number of alive nodes, normalized network energy, goodput, and accuracy. The proposed method obtained a classification accuracy of 0.9865 and a goodput of 0.0590 and provides a better classification of arrhythmia. The experimental results show that the proposed system is useful for the classification of arrhythmias, with a reasonably high accuracy of 0.9865 and a goodput of 0.0590. The validation of the proposed system offers acceptable results for clinical implementation.
Invasive and non-invasive point-of-care testing and point-of-care monitoring of the hemoglobin concentration in human blood – how accurate are the data?
Authors: Dietzel Frank , Dieterich Peter , Dörries Frank , Gehring Hartmut , Wegerich Philipp
Published: March 2019

In this review, scientific investigations of point-of-care testing (POCT) and point-of-care monitoring (POCM) devices are summarized with regard to the measurement accuracy of the hemoglobin concentration. As a common basis, information according to the Bland and Altman principle [bias, limits of agreement (LOA)] as well as the measurement accuracy and precision are considered, so that the comparability can be mapped. These collected data are subdivided according to the manufacturers, devices and procedures (invasive and non-invasive). A total of 31 devices were identified. A comparability of the scientific investigations in particular was given for 23 devices (18 invasive and five non-invasive measuring devices). In terms of measurement accuracy, there is a clear leap between invasive and non-invasive procedures, while no discernible improvement can be derived in the considered time frame from 2010 to 2018. According to the intended use, strict specifications result from the clinical standards, which are insufficiently met by the systems. More stringent requirements can be derived both in the area of blood donation and in the treatment of patients.
Analysis of FEAST Spectral Approximations Using the DPG Discretization
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jay , Grubišić Luka , Ovall Jeffrey , Parker Benjamin
Published: March 2019

A filtered subspace iteration for computing a cluster of eigenvalues
and its accompanying eigenspace, known as “FEAST”, has gained considerable attention in recent years.
This work studies issues that arise when FEAST is applied to compute part of the spectrum of an unbounded partial differential operator.
Specifically, when the resolvent of the partial differential operator is approximated by the discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) method, it is shown that there is no spectral pollution.
The theory also provides bounds on the discretization errors in the spectral approximations.
Numerical experiments for simple operators illustrate the theory and also indicate the value of the algorithm beyond the confines of the theoretical assumptions.
The utility of the algorithm is illustrated by applying it to compute guided transverse core modes of a realistic optical fiber.
Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures
Authors: Koshelev Kirill , Favraud Gael , Bogdanov Andrey , Kivshar Yuri , Fratalocchi Andrea
Published: March 2019

Nonradiating sources of energy have traditionally been studied in quantum mechanics and astrophysics but have received very little attention in the photonics community. This situation has changed recently due to a number of pioneering theoretical studies and remarkable experimental demonstrations of the exotic states of light in dielectric resonant photonic structures and metasurfaces, with the possibility to localize efficiently the electromagnetic fields of high intensities within small volumes of matter. These recent advances underpin novel concepts in nanophotonics and provide a promising pathway to overcome the problem of losses usually associated with metals and plasmonic materials for the efficient control of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. This review paper provides a general background and several snapshots of the recent results in this young yet prominent research field, focusing on two types of nonradiating states of light that both have been recently at the center of many studies in all-dielectric resonant meta-optics and metasurfaces: opticalanapolesand photonicbound states in the continuum. We discuss a brief history of these states in optics, as well as their underlying physics and manifestations, and also emphasize their differences and similarities. We also review some applications of such novel photonic states in both linear and nonlinear optics for the nanoscale field enhancement, a design of novel dielectric structures with high-Qresonances, nonlinear wave mixing, and enhanced harmonic generation, as well as advanced concepts for lasing and optical neural networks.
On the time evolution at a fluctuating exceptional point
Authors: Wolff Christian , Tserkezis Christos , Mortensen N. Asger
Published: March 2019

We theoretically evaluate the impact of drift-free noise on the dynamics of

P
T

${\cal P}{\cal T}$

-symmetric non-Hermitian systems with an exceptional point, which have recently been proposed for sensors. Such systems are currently considered as promising templates for sensing applications, because of their intrinsically extremely sensitive response to external perturbations. However, this applies equally to the impact of fabrication imperfections and fluctuations in the system parameters. Here we focus on the influence of such fluctuations caused by inevitable (thermal) noise and show that the exceptional-point eigenstate is not stable in its presence. To this end, we derive an effective differential equation for the mean time evolution operator averaged over all realizations of the noise field, and via numerical analysis we find that the presence of noise leads to exponential divergence of any initial state after some characteristic period of time. We therefore show that it is rather demanding to design sensor systems based on continuous operation at an exceptional point.
Pain in cervical dystonia and the antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin: what is currently known?
Authors: Marciniec Michał , Szczepańska-Szerej Anna , Kulczyński Marcin , Sapko Klaudia , Popek-Marciniec Sylwia , Rejdak Konrad
Published: March 2019

Pain is the most common and disabling non-motor symptom in cervical dystonia (CD). Up to 88.9% of patients report pain at some point in the course of the disease. It is still a matter of debate whether CD-related pain originates only from prolonged muscle contraction. Recent data suggest that the alterations of transmission and processing of nociceptive stimuli play a crucial role in pain development. Botulinum toxin (BT) is the first-line therapy for CD. Despite fully elucidated muscle relaxant action, the antinociceptive effect of BT remains unclear and probably exceeds a simple decompression of the nerve fibers due to the reduction in muscle tone. The proposed mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of BT include inhibition of pain mediator release, inhibition of membrane sodium channels, retrograde axonal transport and impact on the other pain pathways. This article summarizes the current knowledge about the antinociceptive properties of BT and the clinical analgesic efficacy in the treatment of CD patients.
Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous
Published: March 2019

This article examines the influence of religion on voter choice homogeneity (VCH) in the Nigerian presidential elections of the fourth republic (1999–2015). The result indicates that in the first two elections, religion did not have a significant impact on VCH but had increasing influence from 2011. Thus, compared with the 1999 and 2003 elections, the effect of faith in 2011 and 2015 elections was positive, but the impact of religion was highest in 2015, having a significant and robust effect on VCH. Thus, the paper demonstrates that impact of faith in the presidential elections in the fourth republic has strengthened over time. This finding is, however, put in the context of each election regarding the role of candidates’ popularity, party-identification, ethnicity, candidates’ performance, the number of candidates contesting the election and the position of prominent leaders of the different regions of the country. The paper demonstrates that placing the influence of religion on vote choice in the context of each election and place-specific manifestation of VCH is pertinent in understanding better how religion shapes voting behaviour in Nigeria.
Tetravalent lead in nature – plattnerite crystals from Mine du Pradet (France) and Mount Trevasco (Italy)
Authors: Paulsen Christian , Benndorf Christopher , Kösters Jutta , Galéa-Clolus Valérie , Clolus Pierre , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: March 2019

Natural lead dioxide samples (β modification) from Cap Garonne, Mine du Pradet, France and Mount Trevasco, Italy were studied by single crystal X-ray and electron diffraction, clearly manifesting the rutile-type structure. A needle from the Mount Trevasco sample was investigated on a single crystal diffractometer: P42/mnm, a = 495.81(10), c = 338.66(7) pm, wR = 0.0513, 117 F
2 values (all data) and nine variables (293 K data). An additional data set at T = 90 K gave no hint for structural distortions.
Affioramenti di lessico artistico nella letteratura italiana delle Origini
Authors: Valenti Gianluca
Published: March 2019

In the first part of this paper, an overview of the commonly adopted approaches to the study of technical vocabularies in Old Italian is provided: in particular, it is confirmed that traditionally, researchers exploit documents such as treatises, translations, and practical texts – mostly composed from the 15th century to the present – to gather new information on the Italian lexicon of art. In the second section, the author argues that it is possible to expand the research beyond these chronological and typological borders, and find occurrences of technical words in literary texts from the 13th and 14th centuries. Since many of these terms are also part of everyday vocabulary, their artistic meaning is hard – but not impossible – to identify. Thus, the examples of terra bianca (‘white soil’) and marmo cotto (‘cooked marble’) are introduced in order to show an alternative method of verifying the presence of semantic technicisms in old literary texts.
Effects of Phosphogypsum and Calcined Phosphogypsum Content on the Basic Physical and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement Mortar
Authors: Gong Xiaoqiang , Liu Jiesheng , Sun Zhengguang , Li Faping
Published: March 2019

Phosphogypsum (PG) is an industrial by-product from the wet manufacturing process of phosphoric acid production in the phosphating industry on rock phosphate. Indiscriminate dumping of PG results in soil, water, and air pollution and serious environmental damage (chemical and radioactive contamination). The application of PG as an additive in cement mortar was evaluated in this article. The properties of PG at 800°C in a muffle furnace and the effects on the mechanical behavior of cement have been studied in this article. The effect of using PG as a partial replacement for cement has been investigated by compressive and flexural strength tests. Water absorption, mortar consistency, dry bulk density, and water retention were also tested. Meanwhile, the internal structural characteristics of samples were determined though scanning electron microscopy analysis. By evaluating properties of mixture cement paste, according to the results of the study, it was determined that a cement mortar addition of 30 % calcined PG gave the optimum results. The mortar with calcined PG of 800°C has the characteristics of low density, light weight, and stable performance. Utilizing PG to produce cement mortar improves the mechanical property, while the environmental impact is negligible.
Damage Identification in Cantilever Beams Based on High-Order Frequency Response Function with Improved Sensitivity
Authors: Jia Hailei , Wang Zijian , Cao Maosen , Li Jun
Published: March 2019

The damage indexes based on the modal frequency (DMF) have been widely used to identify damage and thus to warn about structural failure in advance. However, since the change of the DMF caused by damage is generally too small to be differentiated from environmental interference, the DMF cannot produce robust damage identification for in situ measurement. To improve the robustness of the DMF, a damage index, namely the difference of the frequency response function (DFRF), is developed in this article. Both numerical simulation and experiments are conducted to identify perpendicular notches in cantilever beams. Both the changes of the DMF and DFRF with respect to the notch depth are analyzed to investigate their sensitivities. Since the DFRF can sufficiently use the damage-related information reflected by all the frequencies rather than by modal frequencies only, the DFRF can produce obvious changes with respect to slight notch growth. Therefore, the change of the DFRF is hard to drown out with environmental interference and can robustly characterize damage for in situ measurement.
Condomless Group Sex Is Associated With HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Knowledge and Interest Uptake: A Cross-Sectional Study of Gay and Bisexual Men in Paris, France
Authors: Callander Denton , Park Su Hyun , Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Schneider John A. , Khan Maria R. , Safren Steven A. , Duncan Dustin T.
Published: March 2019

As a prevention strategy, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may benefit men who participate in group sex, but little is known about PrEP among this group internationally and virtually nothing is known of the European context. This study used an online survey of gay men living in Paris, France to assess associations between group sex and awareness of, use and interest in PrEP in its once-daily, episodic, injectable, and microbicidal forms. Men reporting recent (within 3 months) condomless group sex were much more likely to report once-daily PrEP use than men with no group sex experience (41.5% vs 7.7%, p < .001). Uptake was similarly low among men who had group sex with condoms (8.0%) and those with less-recent experience (6.43%). Overall, willingness to use PrEP—including its non-daily forms—was high among men reporting group sex, suggesting opportunities for outreach and implementation.
Determinants of QTL Mapping Power in the Realized Collaborative Cross
Authors: Keele Gregory R , Crouse Wesley L , Kelada Samir N P , Valdar William
Published: March 2019

The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose range of applications includes quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The design of a CC QTL mapping study involves multiple decisions, including which and how many strains to use, and how many replicates per strain to phenotype, all viewed within the context of hypothesized QTL architecture. Until now, these decisions have been informed largely by early power analyses that were based on simulated, hypothetical CC genomes. Now that more than 50 CC strains are available and more than 70 CC genomes have been observed, it is possible to characterize power based on realized CC genomes. We report power analyses from extensive simulations and examine several key considerations: 1) the number of strains and biological replicates, 2) the QTL effect size, 3) the presence of population structure, and 4) the distribution of functionally distinct alleles among the founder strains at the QTL. We also provide general power estimates to aide in the design of future experiments. All analyses were conducted with our R package, SPARCC (Simulated Power Analysis in the Realized Collaborative Cross), developed for performing either large scale power analyses or those tailored to particular CC experiments.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Developments in the Last 12 Months
Authors: Davies Rhian E , Abbott J Dawn
Published: March 2019

In 2018, there were several studies that significantly added to the field of interventional cardiology. Research was focused on understanding the role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in various clinical syndromes, optimizing outcomes for high-risk lesion subsets, and building an evidence base for greater adoption of PCI guided by physiology and intracoronary imaging. In the area of innovation, novel and iterative developments in drug-eluting stents (DES) and scaffold platforms were compared with current generation DES. This article summarizes the research from last year which has had the most impact on PCI techniques and clinical care.
Las migraciones colombianas hacia Perú: la invariabilidad de los flujos migratorios en un periodo de auge de la diáspora (2005-2015)
Authors: Polo Sebastian , Serrano Enrique , Jiménez Susana
Published: March 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en determinar y explicar las razones por las que el ritmo de crecimiento de la población colombiana en Perú no ha experimentado cambio de proporción similar al de otras nacionalidades durante las últimas dos décadas. Por esta razón, se pretende indagar sobre la evolución de las dinámicas migratorias entre estos dos países durante el periodo 2005-2015. Para dicho propósito, se tendrán en cuenta las políticas y decisiones que el gobierno peruano ha tomado en materia migratoria a lo largo de los últimos veinte años, y situaciones de orden económico y social en ambos países que hayan intercedidoen la invariabilidad de los flujos migratorios y que logren justificar el caso, además de resaltar tendencias migratorias vigentes de esta población.
Entre la Ciencia Política convencional y la(s) Politología(s) alternativa(s): hitos históricos y debates actuales
Authors: Puello-Socarrás José Francisco , Jiménez Carolina
Published: March 2019

Este artículo estudia la institucionalización de la ciencia política, en tanto ciencia social, durante el siglo XX. Atendiendo a dicho proceso, problematiza la falaz dicotomía que se ha construido entre una supuesta y vindicada Filosofía política y una autoproclamada Ciencia Política (Political Science). Esta división es fundamental para comprender la crisis del campo disciplinar que se abre a partir del debate propuesto por Sartori en el 2004 en torno a dos interrogantes: “¿hacia dónde va la Ciencia Política?” y “¿qué tipo de ciencia puede y debe ser la Ciencia Política?”. A partir de estos elementos se presenta, en la parte final de este escrito,la caracterización de lo que se denomina la catástrofe disciplinar y se propone un escenario para revertir, subvertir, proponer vías alternativas para la reconstrucción del pensamiento, conocimiento y teoría políticos, con la aspiración de una Politología renovada.
Propuesta de vivienda incremental para la comunidad tsáchila a través métodos participativos
Authors: Hidalgo Molina Daniela , Ponce Juan Diego , Raymond Cornejo Gisela
Published: March 2019

La vivienda es una expresión cultural, pues representa cómo los habitantes se relacionan con el territorio. Ecuador es un país multicultural donde la diversidad se manifiesta a través de los distintos hábitats. Los Tsáchilas, también llamados Colorados, habitan en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas y, por sus costumbres y tradiciones, los integrantes de esta etnia esperan ser declarados Patrimonio de la Humanidad por la Unesco. De acuerdo con el último censo habitacional, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas es el segundo sector del país con déficit habitacional. Después del terremoto del 16 de abril del 2016, varias viviendas de las comunidades Tsáchilas fueron afectadas. Estas serán reemplazadas por una vivienda nueva por lo que la academia aporta el diseño de un prototipo de vivienda social con criterios formales y funcionales de la etnia tsáchila. Durante las visitas en el sitio se realizaron levantamientos de vivienda, entrevistas y talleres para determinar criterios arquitectónicos. Utilizando la caña guadua como principal material, se realizó esta nueva propuesta que continua en proceso de socialización, esperando ser una opción de vivienda  incremental para el catálogo del Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda.
El rol “accesible” del espacio público
Authors: Castillo García Maysel
Published: March 2019

Uno de los principales factores que condiciona la vida cotidiana de un barrio o ciudad, lo constituye la accesibilidad. La accesibilidad depende de muchos factores como el diseño, los usos, entre otros, pero principalmente de la complejidad de las relaciones ciudadanas en el espacio urbano; por tanto, hablar de accesibilidad urbana, es hablar de urbanización y aún más, de ciudad como producto para la sociedad. La accesibilidad al medio físico debe ser considerada como un derecho de todo ser humano a tener la posibilidad de ingresar, transitar y permanecer en un lugar, de manera segura, confortable y autónoma. La calidad de vida de los ciudadanos está condicionada por la calidad del espacio público urbano donde habitualmente desarrollan sus actividades, donde se crean posibilidades de encuentro, de relaciones sociales y de contacto con la naturaleza. Los análisis llevados a cabo para evaluar el espacio público con unaperspectiva accesible deben partir de un enfoque sistémico que analice los problemas del espacio público en su conjunto y no de los componentes aislados. Hoy se trata de considerar y organizar estas relaciones con base al adecuado funcionamiento de todas las personas en el espacio público desde las diversas redes que hacen accesible al territorio. La reflexión que plantea este artículo; forma parte de los resultados teóricosmetodológicos de la tesis doctoral “La ciudad como producto social. Construcción de espacio público accesible”, dentro del programa de doctorado Geografía, Planificación Territorial y Gestión Ambiental, de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad de Barcelona.Palabras clave: ciudad; espacio público; accesibilidad universal; movilidad urbana.
Új kutatási eredmények aktív-éber hipnózisban: fenomenológiai, fiziológiai és endokrin elemzések
Authors: Kasos Enikő , Kasos Krisztián , Józsa Emese , Költő András , Bányai Éva , Varga Katalin
Published: March 2019

Az aktív-éber hipnózis fontos mérföldkő a hipnózis jelenségének megismerésében: megdöntötte a sokáig uralkodó elméletet, mely szerint a hipnózis az alváshoz hasonló állapot. Mégis viszonylag kevés kutatás foglalkozik a hipnózis aktív formáival, különösen az aktív-éber hipnózis kísérleti vizsgálatával. Tanulmányunk két olyan kutatást foglal össze, amelyben az aktív-éber hipnózis endokrinológiai, elektrodermális és fenomenológiai vonatkozását vizsgáltuk, mindezt az interakciós keret hangsúlyozásával. Az első vizsgálatban – elektrodermális aktivitásváltozások elemzése révén – kimutattuk, hogy míg aktív-éber hipnózisban részt vevő, alacsony hipnábilitású alanyoknál az indukció végén is megmarad a mindennapi éber tudatállapotra jellemző bal féltekei dominancia, addig magas hipnábilitású alanyoknál jobb féltekei túlsúly alakult ki. Ez a mintázat a tudatállapot megfelelő irányú szubjektív módosulásaival is összefügg. A második vizsgálat eredménye, hogy aktív-éber hipnózis mind az alanyok, mind a hipnotizőrök kortizol- és oxitocinszintjét befolyásolhatja, és az endokrin változások erőssége összefügg az alany hipnábilitásával, valamint a módosult tudatállapot fenomenológiájával. Ezek az eredmények beilleszthetők a hipnózis interakciós szemléleti keretébe, és alátámasztják az aktív-éber hipnózis jótékony terápiás hatásait.
Booklet content validation on excess weight for adults with hypertension
Authors: Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content and appearance of an educational booklet about excess weight for adults with hypertension. Method: Methodological study in which an educational booklet was developed from theoretical material on hypertension, chronic diseases and obesity, as well as guiding points for the clinical practice of the nurse in the care of young adults with excess weight and based on the Transtheoretical Model. Twenty-one specialists participated in the validation of content and appearance, being 9 teachers, 7 technicians and 5 designers. Results: The Global Content Validity Index was 0.78 and the material was considered appropriate or superior. The experts suggested adjustments, incorporated into the material for print production of the final version. Conclusion: The educational booklet for people with hypertension and excess weight was considered valid regarding content and appearance.
Critical health-disease transition in the family: Nursing intervention in the lived experience
Authors: Mendes Anabela Pereira
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse the strategies found by families to deal with the situation of critical illness, in their lived experience in a family and in an inpatient context. Method: This research fits into a qualitative paradigm and a phenomenological approach, according to Van-Manen. Participants were referred to a "snowball" effect method and the data was collected through interviews with open-ended questions. Results: From the collected data three essential themes emerged revealing the strategies: Being aware; Building dialogue; Ensuring comfort. Final considerations: In the therapeutic intervention nurses verify that families facing a critical-illness interact between themselves and with the ICU team. Families interacting with nurses can find cognitive and emotional support allowing them to be aware of the situation and to speak about it in order to strengthen and to comfort themselves.
Leaf proline content and its relation to fruit load and flowering in citrus under field conditions
Authors: Arias-Sibillotte Mercedes , Borges Alejandra , Díaz Pedro , Ferenczi Alejandra , Severino Vivian
Published: March 2019

Abstract Citrus species grown in temperate zones have sprouting inhibited in winter and this is retaken in spring when they also bloom. The main factor that defines the vegetative or reproductive destiny of the buds is the presence of fruits in development. Low winter temperatures slow plant metabolism, which has been reported as necessary for the expression of the reproductive program. During the winter period of the annual cycle, osmotically active compounds such as proline are increased as part of the cold tolerance response. We investigated whether the presence of developing fruit and the application of exogenous gibberellins affect the proline level in citrus leaves. In an orchard of adult ‘Montenegrina’ mandarin trees, leaf proline contents were measured over two rest periods for branches with or without fruits. Branches that bloomed, the ones that did not have developing fruits, had higher proline levels as well as higher proline: chlorophyll and proline: total amino acid ratios than did branches with fruits. However, the application of exogenous gibberellins, which reduced flowering, did not affect proline content during the same periods. We discuss the ways in which proline may be involved in floral induction in citrus.
A Time-Varying Fiscal Reaction Function for Brazil
Authors: Campos Eduardo Lima , Cysne Rubens Penha
Published: March 2019

Abstract This paper evaluates the sustainability of public debt in Brazil using monthly data from January 2003 to June 2016, based on the estimation of fiscal reaction functions with time-varying coefficients. Three estimation methods are considered: Kalman filter, penalized spline smoothing and time-varying cointegration. Besides indicating that the reaction of the primary deficit to variations in the debt/GDP ratio declined over most of the analyzed period, all these methods lead to the conclusion that the Brazilian public debt, given the parameters then in force, reached an unsustainable trajectory in the last years of the sample.
Deficiência, Emprego e Salário no Mercado de Trabalho Brasileiro
Authors: Becker Kalinca Léia
Published: March 2019

Resumo Este estudo pretende analisar o efeito da deficiência no emprego e no salário por hora de trabalho no Brasil. A amostra é da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013, e foram considerados três grupos: não deficientes, deficientes com limitações das atividades e deficientes sem tais limitações. Utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica a decomposição das diferenças de remuneração entre os grupos nos quantis da distribuição de salários. Os resultados indicaram uma vantagem salarial dos não deficientes e dos deficientes sem limitações em relação aos deficientes com limitações das atividades nos quantis 50° e 90°, que se deve, principalmente, às diferenças nas características observáveis dos indivíduos. Os deficientes sem limitações apresentaram uma vantagem salarial em relação aos não deficientes no quantil 90°. Esse resultado pode ser uma evidência de que os empregadores optam por contratar deficientes sem limitações para cargos de maior remuneração e, assim, cumprem as determinações da política de cotas para pessoas com deficiência, sem que sejam necessários ajustes significativos na infraestrutura ou nas rotinas de trabalho.
Bem-estar psicológico entre travestis e mulheres transexuais no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Zucchi Eliana Miura , Barros Claudia Renata dos Santos , Redoschi Bruna Robba Lara , Deus Luiz Fabio Alves de , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena
Published: March 2019

Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar fatores associados ao bem-estar psicológico de travestis e mulheres transexuais. Estudo transversal com 602 travestis e pessoas transexuais em sete municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil entre 2014 e 2015. Foi realizada seleção amostral com abordagem consecutiva e técnica bola de neve. A variável dependente foi bem-estar psicológico (WHOQOL-BREF) e as independentes foram: características sociodemográficas, modificações corporais, condições de saúde, violência e encarceramento. A análise de variância múltipla foi usada para identificar os fatores associados. A maioria tinha cor da pele preta ou parda e entre 25 e 39 anos de idade, até o Ensino Médio completo, renda individual de até dois salários mínimos e trabalhava, sendo 42,3% profissionais do sexo. Cerca de um quarto já foi presa. Em torno de um quarto fazia tratamento para HIV. O escore médio observado foi de 63,2 (IC95%: 61,8-64,6). Na análise múltipla, estiveram associados ao menor bem-estar psicológico: não ter endereço fixo, ter menor escolaridade, estar insatisfeita com as relações pessoais, suporte de amigos ou procedimentos transexualizadores realizados e ter sofrido violência verbal ou sexual. Enquanto piores condições de vida e de exposição à violência prejudicam o bem-estar psicológico de travestis e mulheres transexuais, a possibilidade de realizar transformações corporais desejadas e o respeito ao nome social interferem positivamente na avaliação que fazem de suas vidas.
Modelos de assistência obstétrica na Região Sul do Brasil e fatores associados
Authors: Velho Manuela Beatriz , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , McCourt Christine , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da , Knobel Roxana , Gonçalves Annelise de Carvalho , d’Orsi Eleonora
Published: March 2019

Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar modelos de assistência obstétrica em gestantes de risco habitual na Região Sul do Brasil, estimar os fatores associados a esses modelos e os desfechos maternos e neonatais. Realizou-se estudo seccional a partir da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil, de base hospitalar, que envolveu puérperas e recém-nascidos. Foram identificadas 2.668 gestantes de risco habitual. Procedeu-se a uma análise exploratória, com a utilização da proporção de práticas por hospital, entre elas o desencadeamento do trabalho de parto, a presença de acompanhante, a cesárea e o contato pele a pele, para a obtenção de modelos de assistência obstétrica denominados Boas Práticas, Intervencionista I e Intervencionista II. Em seguida, realizou-se uma análise inferencial das características associadas. Os resultados mostraram que o acesso ao financiamento público ou privado, os fatores culturais e a atuação dos profissionais de saúde apresentaram associações com os modelos de assistência. A assistência pública apresentou diferentes contextos: um primeiro, alicerçado em políticas públicas e na prática baseada em evidência; um segundo, baseado na intencionalidade pelo parto vaginal, sem considerar os princípios de humanização. Já a assistência privada é padronizada e centrada no profissional médico, com maiores níveis de intervenção. Conclui-se que há predomínio dos modelos de assistência obstétrica intervencionistas na Região Sul do Brasil, uma assistência na contramão das melhores evidências, e que as mulheres assistidas em hospitais públicos possuem mais chance de serem beneficiadas com as boas práticas.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women: systematic review and recommendations to improve care
Authors: Takemoto Maira Libertad Soligo , Menezes Mariane de Oliveira , Polido Carla Betina Andreucci , Santos Débora de Souza , Leonello Valeria Marli , Magalhães Claudia Garcia , Cirelli Jessica Fernandes , Knobel Roxana
Published: March 2019

Our aim was to systematically review data about the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women and to suggest strategies to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A search strategy for lesbian, STI and bacterial vaginosis was applied to PubMed, LILACS and BDENF databases. Of 387 unique references retrieved, 22 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence for 8 STIs/bacterial vaginosis and history of a STI). The most frequent infection reported was bacterial vaginosis, and none study reported data on hepatitis B. A wide range of prevalence was observed for most infections. In terms of risk factors, the number of sexual partners, the past or current smoking, a history of forced sex and sexual stigma seem to increase the risk of STI and bacterial vaginosis. The findings of this review are discussed considering guidelines directly addressing the LGBT community’s health and relevant studies investigating both safe sexual practices and the intricate relationship between LGBT people and their care providers. A set of recommendations to improve preventive care for lesbian women is proposed. Affirming that little is known about the extent of STIs and bacterial vaginosis transmission in female-to-female sexual activities or about the risk factors for STI and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women is reasonable. In fact, the overall quality of the studies was low or very low with significant uncertainty around their findings. However, we consider that the available knowledge indicates some paths to be followed by care providers and policy decision-makers to improve their actions towards better sexual health of lesbian women.
Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina
Authors: Morrell Eleonora L. , Campero Carlos M. , Cantón Germán J. , Odeón Anselmo C. , Moore Dadín P. , Odriozola Ernesto , Paolicchi Fernando , Fiorentino María A.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: Bovine abortion is an important cause of significant economic losses in beef and dairy herds. This syndrome is usually difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to characterize bovine abortion causes in Argentina by standard diagnosis procedures (histology, bacterial and viral isolation) and other diagnostic tests like direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), fetal serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR, showing their specific advantages and limitations. Necropsies were performed in 150 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Argentina. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 78 fetuses (52% of the cases). Most causes of abortion were of infectious origin, being Neospora caninum (14.67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9.33%), Leptospira spp. (7.33%) and Brucella abortus (6.65%) the main microorganisms identified. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were diagnosed in 2 (1.33%) and 3 (2%) cases, respectively. This study showed a better characterization of bovine abortion compared with previous researches done on this topic.
Association between decreased expression of estrogen receptor alpha, androgen receptor and phosphatase and tensin homolog immunoexpression in the canine prostate
Authors: Kobayashi Priscila E. , Rodrigues Marcela M.P. , Gartner Fatima , Rema Alexandra , Fonseca-Alves Carlos E. , Laufer-Amorim Renée
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: Canine prostate gland is a hormonal dependent organ and its imbalance of estrogen and androgen receptor expressions are directly associated with the development of different diseases. Due to the lack of information regarding the behavior of the aforementioned receptors in canine prostate cancer (PC), this study aimed to identify estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), Ki67 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expressions in canine PC by immunohistochemistry. We found nuclear expression of ERα and AR in the epithelial cells of normal canine samples and a loss of protein expression in PC samples. Normal samples showed Ki67 expression in a few basal cells and the PC samples showed the highest mean of positive cells (253.1). Canine prostate cancer showed a high proliferative index, which was associated with independence of hormonal actuation. PTEN showed positive nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in normal canine samples and a loss in PC. Loss of ERα, AR and PTEN indicated that canine PC exhibits the same immunohistochemical phenotype as in human patients with PC resistant to hormonal therapy. Therefore, canine PC should be considered as a model to study human PC resistant to hormonal therapy.
The urban and rural capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) as reservoir of Salmonella in the western Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Farikoski Itacir O. , Medeiros Luciana S. , Carvalho Yuri K. , Ashford David A. , Figueiredo Eduardo E. S. , Fernandes Dandara V.G.S. , Silva Paula J.B. , Ribeiro Vânia M.F.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: The capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is the largest rodent in the world. In the state of Acre, Brazil, populations of capybaras have been increasing significantly. The role of capybaras in the transmission of certain bacterial zoonotic infections is not well understood, including bacteria of the genus Salmonella. Salmonella spp. generally cause enteritis or septicemia in mammals, however many mammalian species can carry the bacteria asymptomatically and shed it in their feces. To better understand the possible role of capybaras as reservoirs of Salmonella spp., we conducted a study of Salmonella within fecal samples from capybara in Acre. In a convenience sample, 54 capybaras from two urban and two rural areas of Acre were captured and kept for three to four days for sampling. None of the animals were symptomatic of any intestinal illness. Three separate fecal samples were collected from each animal, during their stays in captivity. Each sample was cultured for the presence of Salmonella spp. at the bacteriology laboratory of the Veterinary College of the Federal University of Acre. Samples were seeded in tetrationate pre-enrichment broth and in pre-enrichment broth peptone. After a 24 hour of incubation all samples were streaked on MacConkey Agar (MC) and Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS). Suggestive colonies were submitted to biochemical analysis. Salmonella compatible colonies according to biochemical profile were submitted to serotyping (Sorokit for Salmonella - Probac do Brasil). In addition, the first sample from each of the 54 capybara was tested for Salmonella spp. using PCR targeting gene hilA. Eight (5%) of the 162 samples examined by bacterial culture were positive for Salmonella spp., while four (7%) of the 54 examined by PCR were positive. From the eight positive animals on culture, five were from urban area and three from rural area. On PCR, only one positive animal was from urban area and four were from rural area. Overall, by either test, one of the 54 animals was positive. All samples were collected in free - living animals with no apparent clinical signs of salmonellosis, indicating the potential of capybara as reservoir on this ecosystem.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of historical and recent Brazilian pig isolates of Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Amaral Amanda F. , Rebelatto Raquel , Klein Cátia S. , Takeuti Karine Ludwig , Filho João X.O. , Morés Nelson , Cardoso Marisa R.I. , Barcellos David E.S.N.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT: Pasteurella (P.) multocida is the causative agent of pneumonic pasteurellosis in swine, which is commonly associated with the final stages of enzootic pneumonia or porcine respiratory disease complex. Although this syndrome is one of the most common and important diseases of pigs, data on antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida isolates are uncommon in Brazil. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine and to compare antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Brazilian P. multocida isolated from pigs with lesions of pneumonia or pleuritis during two-time periods. Historical isolates (period of 1981 to 1997; n=44) and recent isolates (period of 2011 to 2012; n=50) were used to determine the MIC of amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol and tetracycline by microbroth dilution. Florfenicol had the lowest level of resistance for both historical and recent isolates (0% and 6%, respectively), while tetracycline had the highest (20.5% and 34%, respectively). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to amoxicillin/florfenicol/tetracycline was observed in 6% of recent isolates. There was a significant increase (p˂0.05) in resistance for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in recent isolates compared with historic isolates (3.8% and 18%, respectively), most likely due to the selective pressure of antimicrobial usage to treat and prevent P. multocida infections. The results of this study showed an increase of isolates resistant to important drugs used in treatment of P. multocida infections in pigs, demonstrating the need for the implementation of rational use of antimicrobials in Brazilian swine industry.
EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS AND MEANING OF WORK: A RESEARCH WITH HIGHER EDUCATION PROFESSORS
Authors: IRIGARAY HÉLIO ARTHUR R. , OLIVEIRA LUCIA B. , BARBOSA ELAINE S. T. , MORIN ESTELLE M.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the meaning of work, analyzing and comparing how it is experienced by workers who are subject to different employment relationships. Originality/value: The research is important because it advances in the discussion about the flexibilization of labor relations and its impact on how professionals experience and attribute meaning to their work. In addition, we found a gap in empirical research relating to the meaning of work and different types of employment relationships. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted qualitative and exploratory research with professors from the same higher education institution that work under different employment relationships. Forty-five professors participated in the study, whose reports were submitted to discourse analysis. Findings: Initially, the results reinforced the six categories proposed by Morin (2001): work that 1. generates results; 2. is intrinsically satisfactory; 3. morally acceptable; 4. source of satisfactory relationships; 5. guarantees security and autonomy, and 6. keeps the person occupied. In addition, three new categories associated with the professors' work have been identified: "work as a calling", "work as identity construction", and "work as a masochistic practice". Our results point to the complexity of maintaining professionals working side by side but under different employment relationships. Resentment, anguish, and frustration were some of the feelings that we consider to be associated with this reality, and represent a challenge to be faced by organizations.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANING FOR THE EMOTIONAL LABOR
Authors: SANTOS ELIANE F. , FONTENELLE ISLEIDE A.
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the research is to understand how the organization can assign meaning to the emotional labor performed by salespeople in the experience store. For this, it was analyzed the sources of the meaning of the work in the process of managing the emotions realized by the salespeople. Originality/value: There are few studies in the international literature that proposed to articulate the meaning of work (Rosso, Dekas & Wrzesniewski, 2010) and management of emotions (Grandey, 2000) and there is no research about it on the national level. Based on this gap, the present research proposes that the meaning of work and management of emotions are intrinsically related in the management field, as a way of homogenizing behaviors and feelings related to work and organization. The originality of the research is to explain how organizations can establish mechanisms of meaning to work and contribute to processes of management of emotions with a more genuine character, and, consequently, how this subjective form of the work contributes to the construction of the brand experience in the sales environment. Design/methodology/approach: This is qualitative research that occurred in an experienced store located in the city of São Paulo. The methodological strategy was to enter the universe of work of the salespeople, through participant observation technique, with the purpose of understanding and explaining how the sources of the meaning of the work can contribute in the process of management of the emotions realized by the salespeople. The Hermeneutics was adopted for data analysis. Findings: The research presents that the sources of the meaning of work promoted by the organization, such as "authenticity", "self-efficacy", "belonging", "self-esteem", "sense of purpose" and "transcendence" mobilizes the salespeople's genuine emotions toward organizational goals.