bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homer and the Ekphrasists: Text and Picture in the Elder Philostratus’ ‘Scamander’ (Imagines I.1)
Authors: Squire Michael , Elsner Jaś
Published: May 2018

In his seminal 1998 book, Homer and the Artists: Text and Picture in Early Greek Art, Anthony Snodgrass makes no mention of the Imagines, or indeed of its author, the Elder Philostratus. As Anthony would no doubt remind us, one would need have a very late (probably Byzantine) view of ‘Greek art’ to conceive of Philostratus alongside the word ‘early’. Yet the Imagines, written at around the beginning of the third century ad, provides one of the most scintillating accounts of ancient painting to survive from pre-Christian antiquity; it probes the very categories of ‘text’ and ‘picture’ that defined Snodgrass’ project.
Homer and the Sculptors
Authors: Spivey Nigel
Published: May 2018

‘In the beginning, Homer was just a very good poet living in Ionia’ (Snodgrass 1998: 11). That premise is more controversial than perhaps it seems at first sight: if Homer appeared to his contemporaries an extraordinary genius, a poet uniquely privileged with divine inspiration, then one might indeed argue that he directly catalysed the coming of Greek literacy, and the development of figure scenes in early Greek art.1 But suppose, for present purposes, that the reputation of an eighth-century BC Homer was local to Ionia, and that the poet died (as one legend had it)poor and obscure. So his genius was only recognised/created/celebrated later; and so ‘a very good poet’ became Homer the great founding father of Classical literature. How important was it that visible form was given to this transfiguration? We can argue about what Homer did for artists. What did artists do for ‘Homer’?
Potters, Hippeis and Gods at Penteskouphia (Corinth), Seventh to Sixth Centuries BC
Authors: d’Agostino Bruno , Palmieri Maria Grazia , Cassio A. C.
Published: May 2018

The archaeological context of the fictile tablets found at the archaeological site of Penteskouphia, along the Phliasian road at the rear of Acrocorinth, still resists attempts at interpretation. The special interest of this context lies in the fact that it provides lavish evidence for the work of potters. All stages of the work cycle are documented: the extraction of clay from the quarry, the shaping of the vase on the turning wheel, the work at the kiln, from fuelling to watching over the vases in the crucial stages of firing, the finishing and decoration of the vases in the workshop, the loading of the vases onto ships and their transportation by sea.1
The Poetics of Ruins in Ancient Greece and Rome
Authors: Schnapp Alain
Published: May 2018

The term ruins (ereipia) in Greek derives from the verb ereipo, meaning to cut down, to cause to fall, as already documented by Homer. If the word appears in Herodotus, it is rarely found in the corpus of Greek tragedies and in Thucydides: ruins do not constitute a prominent theme before the Hellenistic period. It is not until Latin poetry that poetic nostalgia becomes a key element in sensitivity to the past. For Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus, Troy is the setting of a massive and sudden destruction, a vast area of rubble devastated by pillage and fire; it is not yet a ruin. Things are different in the case of Latin poetry, which constructs a topos of the deserted and abandoned city from the image of the city’s destruction. In order for the feeling of ruins to be expressed as a melancholy in the face of vestiges, which are nothing more than traces of a former flourishing life or of a splendid monument reduced to some blocks of stone, it is necessary for time to take its toll and for the poet to get to grips with the feeling of loss which ensues (Papini 2011).
Thomas Reid and the Problem of Secondary Qualities
Authors: Shrock Christopher A.
Published: May 2018

Thomas Reid, the father of Common Sense, champions Direct Realism against the Problem of Secondary Qualities. Direct Realism holds immediate objects of perception, like rocks and desks, to be objective and physical. But the Problem of Secondary Qualities argues that some perceptual properties—colours, smells, sounds, tastes, and heat—must be subjective or mental, because science offers no place to them in the physical world. This new reading of Thomas Reid on primary and secondary qualities shows how Reid supports Direct Realism, answers the Problem of Secondary Qualities, and maintains a healthy optimism about science and reason.
General Exposition of the Problem of Secondary Qualities
Authors: Shrock Christopher A.
Published: May 2018

Although objections to Direct Realism may arise from claims about any secondary quality (colour, smell, sound, taste, or heat), such objections typically take a certain form. That form involves three distinct premises: an Obsevation Claim saying that we perceive some quality, a Non-Physicality Thesis saying that the quality does not belong to a physical object, and a Spreading Principle that insists on generalizing the observed case to all perceptions. For Direct Realism to overcome the Probem of Secondary Qualities, at least one of these premises must be false.
Answering the Problem of Secondary Qualities
Authors: Shrock Christopher A.
Published: May 2018

Reid's account of secondary qualities offers an alternative to the Non-Physicality Thesis from Chapter 2. It explains how secondary qualities can be objective without featuring obviously in scientific discussions. Perception alone reveals the existence of secondary qualities but leaves science to discern their natures This chapter answers Frank Jackson's case against counting secondary qualities as objective and relates Reid's secondary qualities to Saul Kripke and Hilary Putnam's work on empirically discovered identities.
Nation and Religion: Dangerous Liaisons
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses two contrasted processes that take plce in Europe today: On one hand, religion is perceived as a main dimension that organises social and political life at the global level, and, on the other hand, national identity and the nation-state is re-emerging as the main community of allegiance and belonging in a post-industrial society. I am arguing that actually both processes find their roots in the re-organisation of the political and symbolic world order that took place in 1989 with the collapse of Communism. They are of course conveniently supported and fuelled by the recent socio-economic crisis in Europe, which has intensified inequalities both within and between countries making citizens increasingly worried about their future.
Multiculturalism and Moderate Secularism1
Authors: Modood Tariq
Published: May 2018

The ‘post-secular’ or a ‘crisis of secularism’ is, in Western Europe, crucially to do with the reality of multiculturalism. Not just the fact of new ethno-religious diversity but the presence of a multiculturalist approach to this diversity, namely: the idea that equality must be extended from uniformity of treatment to include respect for difference; recognition of public/private interdependence; recognition and institutional accommodation of minorities; reversal of marginalisation and a remaking of national citizenship so that all can have a sense of belonging to it. Equality requires that this ethno-cultural multiculturalism should be extended to include state-religion connexions in Western Europe, which I characterise as ‘moderate secularism’, based on the idea that political authority should not be subordinated to religious authority yet religion can be a public good which the state should assist in realising or utilising. I discuss here three multiculturalist approaches that contend this multiculturalising of moderate secularism is not the way forward. One excludes religious groups and secularism from the scope of multiculturalism (Kymlicka); another largely limits itself to opposing the ‘othering’ of groups such as Jews and Muslims (Jansen); and the third argues that moderate secularism is the problem not the solution (Bhargava).
The Governance of Religious Diversity in Malaysia: Islam in a Secular State or Secularism in an Islamic State?
Authors: Hamid Ahmad Fauzi Abdul , Ibrahim Zawawi
Published: May 2018

The end of World War II in 1945 heralded a bipolar world order in which the United States of America (USA)-led Western and Soviet Union-led Eastern blocs became competing pivots for global political and economic power. Notwithstanding their ideological division, which had global ramifications as both blocs endeavoured to expand their spheres of influence directly or indirectly, they were epistemologically united in the belief that the progress of modern civilisation, as palpably manifested in scientific and technological advancements that exponentially raised humans’ standard of living, would be accompanied by a de-emphasis of religion in the formal decision making of the upper echelons of the power structure. Secularisation – the term most commonly used to explain such a phenomenon – was considered to be an essential component of the modernisation ethos, if not all the more desirable as a catalyst for development. The magnitude of such peripheralisation of religion differed across the West, but has been most pronounced in Europe for the past forty years or so.
Tahrir Memoirs: Radwa Ashour and Mona Prince
Authors: Nasser Tahia Abdel
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines new Arab memoirs and the effects of the Arab revolutions in the twenty-first century on the genre. The genre of the Tahrir memoir, a form that focuses on subjectivity in the broader movement rather than solitude, reworks Arab memoirs in the twenty-first century. Radwa Ashour and Mona Prince wrote new memoirs that chronicle the writers’ involvement in Egypt’s 2011 revolution. The chapter focuses on Ashour’s Heavier than Radwa: Fragments of an Autobiography (2013) and the posthumously published The Scream (2014), including The Journey (1983) and Specters (1999), with Mona Prince’s Revolution Is My Name (2012). Both Ashour and Prince offer a new form in which writing, activism, the university campus, and Tahrir Square are deeply intertwined, with parts that focus on the writers’ medical or professional crises within Egypt’s revolution.
Epilogue Arab Literature, World Literature
Authors: Nasser Tahia Abdel
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at the effects of autobiographical production in other languages and translation on the globality of national literatures and world literary study. It examines current theorisations of world literature and considers Arab autobiography within new literary systems.
Enduring Habits and Artwares
Authors: Efal Adi
Published: May 2018

The essay draws preliminary guidelines for a realist history of art. In this realism, art is considered as taking a part in the habituation-process of an organism to its outer reality. As such, the artwork is operative, as an accessory. Moreover, to follow the terms of the Viennese fin-de-siecle historian Alois Riegl, the artwork possess both a use-value and an age-value: it serves indeed various needs of the organism, but it carries as well a sovereign value registering the work's already gone-through processes of mediating between a wearer and her reality. As such, we are able to return to the Marxist problem of the values of commodities, and to suggest the term of the "artware" as embodying this accessorial character of art, taking a part in the regular and habitual circulation of goods, needs and usages. The works of the artist Sylvie Mas are brought-up in the article as typifying this durational nature of the artware.
Empirical Realism and the Great Outdoors: A Critique of Meillassoux
Authors: Bruno G. Anthony
Published: May 2018

Meillassoux argues that Kant’s ‘correlationist’ proscription of independent access to either thought or being prevents an account of the meaning of ‘ancestral statements’ regarding reality prior to humans. This chapter examines three charges on which Meillassoux’s argument depends: (1) Kant distorts ancestral statements’ meaning; (2) Kant fallaciously infers causality’s necessity; (3) Kant’s transcendental idealism cannot grasp ‘the great outdoors’. These charges are rejected on the following grounds: (1) imposes a Cartesian misreading, hence Meillassoux’s false assumption that, for Kant, objects don’t exist without subjects; (2) misreads Kant, who infers causality’s necessity from the possibility of experience; (3) casts Kant’s idealism as subjective, ignoring his perspectival portrayal of it.
Being (with) Objects
Authors: Mudde Anna
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores some of the ambivalent potential of Graham Harman’s object-oriented ontology for thinking about human beings as objects and about being with human beings as objects. In particular, it employs feminist phenomenological theories of objectification, such as those of Beauvoir, Young, and Bartky, as both already object-oriented and as already contesting the idealist tendencies opposed by Harman. Objectification often produces ‘double-consciousness’, and objectified human beings inhabit a site of ontological duality, often knowing themselves as objects for others. The chapter suggests that the absence of these analyses in object-oriented ontology constitutes an important oversight since such work not only draws attention to object relations among human beings but also points to ways of understanding human relations with non-human objects.
Merleau-Ponty and the Challenge of Realism, or How (Not) to Go beyond Phenomenology
Authors: Morin Marie-Eve
Published: May 2018

This chapter seeks to demonstrate both the strengths and the limits of phenomenology when faced with the new realists’ challenge. The first part focuses on the Husserlian phenomenological method and shows that once the role of the reduction and the relation between evidence and motivation are properly understood, phenomenology leads to a form of what Lee Braver has called ‘transgressive realism’. The second part shows that the trajectory of Merleau-Ponty’s later philosophy out of phenomenology, as well as his development of a dimension of depth or latency, provide us with an ‘outside’ akin to Meillassoux’s ‘hyperchaos’ or Harman’s ‘inner life of objects’, but one that need not be completely detached from the world or from experience to maintain its integrity or exteriority. As a result, Merleau-Ponty’s position avoids the problems of motivation and modesty detailed in the first part.
Introduction
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: May 2018

Every reading of Process and Reality has to start by declaring the initial problem on the basis of which the book is to be interpreted. It has become clear to readers of Whitehead that different perspectives never stop reorganising the system, perspectives that determine relative and changing areas of importance, connecting problems with ever fluctuating forms. One of Process and Reality’s particularities – connected to its style and philosophical form – is that it resists being ‘surveyed’ from above, it resists readings introduced as mere explanations. As such, ‘there are distinct lineages of readers of Whitehead in accordance with different approaches. Each reader inherits one particular movement out of all the movements that the original work tangles up.’These tangles are the transformative power of the system to which one must become sensitive. An adequate reading cannot avoid taking a particular path. The only constraints are those shared by all systematic thought: coherence must be maintained.
Actualising Creativity
Authors: Debaise Didier
Published: May 2018

The description of the general components of creativity led to the following key proposition of Process and Reality: creativity exists only through its actualisations. But what does it mean to exist through actualisations? First of all, staying true to the literal meaning of what is posed, it implies that, strictly speaking, creativity does not exist, or at least, it does not exist outside of the operation of actualisation. As a result, creativity cannot be treated in itself, it cannot be considered in its own being, since this would presuppose its existence. This leads to a highly distinctive approach to existence with regard to creativity: it appears that existence is something added to creativity, something that happens to it within a process. If it were internal, Whitehead would have said that only one of the forms of creativity’s existence is to be found in its actualisations, which would imply other forms belonging to it, relativising existence through actualisation. Whitehead’s proposition, however, is the opposite: creativity’s existence is related to its actualisations; it is drawn towards distinct things. It could be said, then, and without getting too involved in this point for now, that there is a difference between creativity and existence. It is a common metaphysical error, according to Whitehead, to confuse the ultimate with existence, making the latter into an attribute of the ultimate (in the form of substance, for instance, or of an atom).
A World of Challenge and Opportunity
Authors: Webber David M.
Published: May 2018

Since it was globalisation that, in part at least, necessitated the break from ‘old Labour’, chapter 2 begins by locating the New Labour project within the context of the global economy, and the various ways in which the perceived realities of ‘globalisation’ were internalised and articulated by various government officials. The place of Gordon Brown, this chapter argues, was crucial in this. His role as architect-in-chief of the New Labour project reveals an interesting paradox at the heart of the party’s thinking and discourse regarding globalisation. For while colleagues frequently viewed globalisation as a constraint upon what was politically possible, Brown actually saw it as representing a golden opportunity for Britain and its place in the world provided it was managed in the right way. This understanding would shape Brown’s redesign of Britain’s macroeconomic architecture, New Labour’s claim as the ‘new party of business’, and the recasting of its welfare strategy. With his influence writ large on each of these three areas of domestic policy, this would extend into the international development policies that Brown would design and oversee, and that the latter chapters of this book explore in greater detail.
Building a ‘New Jerusalem’
Authors: Webber David M.
Published: May 2018

Chapter 4 focuses upon the institutional framework that Gordon Brown and his chief economic advisor, Ed Balls, put in place to make the Treasury the pilot agency of New Labour’s political economy. Insofar as the newly established Department for International Development (DFID) was concerned, this would ensure that it was the Chancellor, rather than the Secretary of State for International Development who would design New Labour’s international development policy. Yet the role that the Treasury played in ‘internationalising’ New Labour’s domestic political economy went beyond the conquest of other Whitehall departments. Brown took the macroeconomic blueprint – the ‘new economic architecture’ – that he had mapped out at home, to a number of key international financial actors abroad. This blueprint would create, in Brown’s mind, ‘a new Jerusalem’, a biblical phrase that the Chancellor used to describe the vision that he had of a world free from poverty, debt and disease. Embedding this vision into the orthodoxy of the ‘post-Washington Consensus’, Brown wanted to maintain not only a clear transmission of policy but also a distinct institutional ‘lock-in’, and a set of global governance arrangements that would provide the framework for the policies explored in the following three case study chapters.
A Matter of Life and Debt
Authors: Webber David M.
Published: May 2018

The first of these case study chapters in chapter 5 draws parallels between the economic framework designed by Treasury officials at home and ‘the new international economic architecture’ that Gordon Brown was keen to pursue abroad. This would provide the basis for a new approach to debt relief to reform the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative. The new Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative would be conditional upon recipient countries meeting their obligations towards this new economic architecture, designed by Brown and based upon the principles of the ‘post-Washington Consensus’. This approach however, ran counter to many within civil society who viewed the issue of debt relief in ‘moral’ rather than simply ‘economic’ terms. In meeting with these different faith groups, NGOs and other debt activists, Brown certainly appeared sympathetic to such claims but the biblical language of forgiveness, justice and redemption that he used in speaking to these audiences differed from when he spoke in altogether more punitive terms to the international financial institutions. Here Brown spoke of the need for greater stability, demanded that indebted countries recognise their financial obligations, and urged greater surveillance by the International Monetary Fund of these countries national accounts.
Introduction: Agamben as a Reader
Authors: Kotsko Adam , Salzani Carlo
Published: May 2018

One of the greatest challenges Giorgio Agamben presents to his readers is the vast and often bewildering range of sources that he draws upon in his work. His books, written in an elegant and refined style that is also extremely dense and almost elliptical, venture into fields as diverse as aesthetics, religion, politics, law and ethics, with an uncommon erudition that ranges from ancient sources to medieval, modern and contemporary works in various disciplines and fields. Moreover, his peculiar ‘Italian’ style often plays with the ‘unsaid’ and practises the Benjaminian art of ‘quoting without quotation marks’, so that the reader is confronted not only by a wide range of sources, but also by a subtle and not always transparent use of them. The present volume aims to guide the reader through the maze of Agamben’s sources, rendering explicit what remains implicit and providing a reliable guide to his reading of the many figures he draws from. Yet a preliminary task is required, namely that of unpacking Agamben’s own idiosyncratic ‘style’ as a reader, his philological/philosophical method of approaching a text, and the peculiar ‘use’ he puts his sources to. This is no minor task, since not only are Agamben’s style and method extremely idiosyncratic, often challenging the norms of traditional philosophical writing, but they are also indissolubly intertwined with the ‘content’ of his writings, and are as such an essential component of his philosophical proposal.
Walter Benjamin
Authors: Salzani Carlo
Published: May 2018

In a 1985 interview with Adriano Sofri, Agamben says of his encounter
with Benjamin:
I read him for the first time in the 1960s, in the Italian translation of the Angelus Novus edited by Renato Solmi. He immediately made the strongest impression on me: for no other author have I felt such an unsettling affinity. To me happened what Benjamin narrates about his own encounter with Aragon’s Paysan de Paris: that after a very short while he had to close the book because it made his heart thump.
For Agamben, this encounter with Benjamin proved to be ‘decisive’2 and would mark his entire career, as much as meeting Heidegger in person at the end of the 1960s. Of these two first philosophical ‘masters’ he would often say, quite enigmatically, that for him the two philosophers worked ‘each one as antidote for the other’,3 or more precisely: ‘Every great work contains a shadowy and poisonous part, against which it does not provide the antidote. Benjamin has been for me this antidote, which helped me to survive Heidegger.’4 The nature of Heidegger’s poison and of Benjamin’s antidote is not very clear; what is clear, however, is that this early encounter with Benjamin shaped Agamben’s own encounter with philosophy itself, and would exert an enduring influence (perhaps ‘the single most important influence’)5 on his entire oeuvre.
Franz Kafka
Authors: Snoek Anke
Published: May 2018

From his earliest book (The Man Without Content) to one of his latest (The Use of Bodies) Agamben’s work is inhabited by Kafka’s characters: messengers, assistants, land surveyors, students, courtroom clerks, the bobbin Odradek and the mythical horse Bucephalus which becomes an attorney. The references to Kafka are often brief but in strategic places: Kafka frequently pops up in the title of a chapter, or at the end of one of Agamben’s arguments to illustrate and further deepen the point he has just made. Agamben regularly states that Kafka is the author who has most coherently or profoundly addressed the issues that he is working on (MC 112); however, the work of the Prague author has not only influenced the content of Agamben’s philosophy, but also his style.
Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Dickinson Colby
Published: May 2018

In his somewhat controversial book Remnants of Auschwitz, Agamben makes brief reference to Theodor Adorno’s apparently contradictory remarks on perceptions of death post-Auschwitz, positions that Adorno had taken concerning Nazi genocidal actions that had seemed also to reflect something horribly errant in the history of thought itself. There was within such murderous acts, he had claimed, a particular degradation of death itself, a perpetration of our humanity bound in some way to affect our perception of reason itself. The contradictions regarding Auschwitz that Agamben senses to be latent within Adorno’s remarks involve the intuition ‘on the one hand, of having realized the unconditional triumph of death against life; on the other, of having degraded and debased death. Neither of these charges – perhaps like every charge, which is always a genuinely legal gesture – succeed in exhausting Auschwitz’s offense, in defining its case in point’ (RA 81). And this is the stance that Agamben wishes to hammer home quite
emphatically vis-à-vis Adorno’s limitations, ones that, I would only add, seem to linger within Agamben’s own formulations in ways that he has still not come to reckon with entirely: ‘This oscillation’, he affirms, ‘betrays reason’s incapacity to identify the specific crime of Auschwitz with certainty’ (RA 81).
Antonio Negri
Authors: Diran Ingrid
Published: May 2018

Agamben describes his posture as a reader as one of seeking a text’s Entwicklungsfähigkeit, or capacity for elaboration.1 In examining Agamben’s practices of reading, we can attend to the opposite phenomenon: the counter-elaboration that a text, in having being read by the philosopher, performs upon Agamben’s own thought. This reciprocal elaboration might constitute a paradigm for Agamben’s use of reading, according to his own idiosyncratic definition of use as an event in the middle voice, in which (according to a definition of Benveniste) the subject ‘effects an action only in affecting itself (il effectue en s’affectant)’ (UB 28). With this definition in mind, we could say that Agamben effects a text (he writes) only to the extent that he is also affected by another text (he reads). This is why Agamben’s position as a reader proves particularly important to any assessment of his work, quite aside from the problem of influence or intellectual genealogy. For this same reason, however, assessing Agamben’s relation to Antonio Negri – a figure with whom, by most measures, he is at odds – poses an unexpected challenge: how can Agamben’s thought be a use of Negri? Answering this question means not only assessing the critical distance between the two thinkers, but also taking this distance as a measure, in the Spinozan sense, of mutual affection.
The Myth of Scotland as Nowhere in Particular
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

In this chapter a cinematic phenomenon is examined involving a crop of movies – including Prometheus, The Dark Knight Rises, Perfect Sense, Under the Skin, World War Z, and Cloud Atlas – set or filmed in Scotland. In these movies, Scottish settings, which in the past have commonly been mythologized as unique and deeply meaningful, instead recede into the background, becoming empty spaces for the unfolding of generic dramas. The chapter details how this phenomenon sometimes occurs by completely eradicating Scottish markers and sometimes by leaving Scottish markers intact. Martin Heidegger’s philosophy is drawn upon in order to understand the philosophical significance of this phenomenon. It is concluded that while serving nihilistically to undermine the mythos of Scotland’s distinctive, traditional character, this cinematic phenomenon nonetheless also reveals the potential for Scotland to be a place like any other, conferring it status as part of the wider, world community.
From Night to Survival: Nihilism and the Living Dead
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

This chapter scrutinizes the structure of George Romero’s Living Dead films in light of Friedrich Nietzsche’s distinction between passive and active nihilism. The films analysed include Night of the Living Dead, Dawn of the Dead, Day of the Dead, Land of the Dead, Diary of the Dead and Survival of the Dead. It is argued that in this series there is a progressively building ambiguity in Romero’s attitude toward the passive forces of the zombie invasion and the active efforts of the human survivors. Initially, Romero’s sympathy seems to be with the humans; especially with minorities, women and the disabled. Yet as the films progress, sympathy shifts toward the undead, who are increasingly depicted as targets of human cruelty and abuse. What begins as a nightmare of nihilistic passivity eventually ends with a nightmarish scenario of nihilistic activity, exposing the awful potential of human power unleashed from moral constraint.
The Abject Self: Apocalyptic Consequences of Self-discovery in Fight Club
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines both the book and the film Fight Club, considering the main character’s quest for self-discovery in light of Sigmund Freud’s observations from Civilization and Its Discontents. The chapter considers whether or not it may be preferable for humans to remain repressed and in the grips of nihilism rather than unleashing the primal drives of eros and thanatos, which could potentially result in the disintegration of civilization. It is argued that Fight Club’s underlying message is ambiguous; at once revolutionary and conservative in appealing to our longing for individual liberation while also depicting the frightening consequences that follow from the emancipation of repressed human fury. The chapter closes with a consideration of how Plato’s account of sick societies from Republic mirrors the events in Fight Club.
Integration
Authors: Bagheri Reza
Published: May 2018

Since the 1970s, we have seen increasing interest in the integration of Muslims as the most visible ethno-religious minority group in Britain. The term ‘integration’ as used in this chapter is concerned with the social aspect of a process in which Muslims, as well as other minority ethnic people, required and/or would like to participate in society. More elaboration of different theoretical and academic interpretations of this term is discussed later in this chapter. The social aspects of integration mainly revolve around the maintenance of Muslims’ distinctive identity and practice (Modood, 2005, 2007; Parekh, 2008; Vertovec and Wessendorf, 2010). This chapter looks at Scottish Muslims’ integration strategies (based on gender, generational and level of religiosity) and introduces the idea of ‘halal integration’ which entails fitting into society while maintaining their religious identity. This refers to the life of many Scottish Muslims, whom I refer to as ‘halal Scots’ – those who integrated into many aspects of Scottish society while maintaining their religious identity and practice. Some examples of such integration are adopting alternative ways of socialising such as meeting at cafés, running family and social events in non-alcoholic environments, and taking part in voluntary and charitable work.
Introduction
Authors: Chiari Sophie , Popelard Mickaël
Published: May 2018

‘What is this thing called “science”?’ Sophie Chiari and Mickaël Popelard ask. In a detailed introduction which challenges the traditional literary/scientific divide and insists on the dynamic approach to the subject of ‘Shakespeare and Science’ promoted by the volume, the two editors introduce their topic. Contextualizing early modern science and showing how stagecraft and science echoed each other in Shakespeare’s England, they provide the readers with epistemological reflections on Renaissance scientific practices and discourses and present the contents of Spectacular Science, Technology and Superstition in the Age of Shakespeare.
‘Remedies for Life’: Curing Hysterica Passio in Shakespeare’s Othello, Macbeth and The Winter’s Tale
Authors: Lejri Sélima
Published: May 2018

Sélima Lejri is similarly interested in the coexistence of long-established folklore beliefs in demonism and witchcraft and the emerging scientific etiologies propounded by the physicians of the time. Lejri shows that it is thanks to Edward Jorden’s A Briefe Discourse of A Disease Called the Suffocation of the Mother (1603) that the interpretations of demonic vexation started to give way to the rational alternative of hysteria. It was then that Shakespeare’s interest in the medical theories of physiology, mainly humorism, became palpable. This testifies to the considerable influence of Timothy Bright’s or Edward Jorden’s ideas. Within this context of early modern scientific ‘revolution’ that ushered in the end of witch-hunting and gave large credit to reason over superstition, Shakespeare’s representation of the female body in his Jacobean plays bears the contemporary stamp of his new sources of information. It is Shakespeare’s response to such contemporary scientific theories that Lejri’s chapter aims at tackling through the particular example of Hysterica Passio, a feminine disease much discussed at the time and explicitly referenced in King Lear.
Introduction
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: May 2018

Migrant integration and addressing the challenges of cultural and religious diversity in liberal democratic societies is arguably one of the pressing challenges of the twenty-first century. During the last twenty-five years there have been intensive political and academic debates on the appropriate normative and policy framework for addressing cultural diversity in Europe and North America. In terms of discourse, many politicians (including David Cameron, Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy) and intellectuals have argued that the philosophy of multiculturalism has failed. In terms of policies, integration priorities have increasingly taken a civic assimilationist turn, emphasising a set of common civic and political values to which all migrants and ethnic minorities must adhere....
Multiculturalism on the Move: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Levey Geoffrey Brahm
Published: May 2018

This chapter assesses the extent to which temporary migrants are ill-served by Australian multiculturalism and the ramifications of temporary migration for Australia’s successful multicultural society. To this end, it pursues three questions: 1) Is multicultural policy accessible to temporary residents even if it is not intended for them?; 2) How are the difficulties temporary residents face linked to multicultural policy?; and 3) What is the best way forward for addressing the situation and increasing numbers of temporary residents? The chapter reaches several conclusions. Multicultural policy is much more accessible and beneficial to temporary migrants than is often claimed. An approach that valorizes citizenship and which provides clear and reasonable pathways to permanent and temporary migrants for becoming citizens is still the most effective model available. Multicultural policy should be further developed to meet the circumstances of the growing number of temporary entrants in Australia; however, this effort is currently hampered by some incongruities in government policy.
Multicultural Citizenship and New Migrations1
Authors: Modood Tariq
Published: May 2018

Through offering a normative conceptualisation of a national case, Britain, I ask what is the relationship between the post-immigration normative project of accommodating citizens-marked-by-origin and the managing of current flows of migrations and mobilities? While multiculturalism requires reconceiving citizenship and shared identities, it has assumed that a collectivity of citizens in the form of a state/polity has the right and the capacity to control immigration and that migrants want to be and should be accepted as citizens. But what if the nature of immigration (and other relevant circumstances) change such that difference is no longer so salient an issue, citizenship no longer seems to be so normatively prized by migrants; and immigration is less amenable to control? Does multiculturalism still have traction in these new circumstances? British multiculturalism was developed in a context of immigration control and does not challenge the right of the state to control immigration, while insisting that it must not be exercised in ways that are discriminatory or stigmatising in relation to the composite and overlapping criteria of race, ethnicity and religion that are at the heart of post-immigration British multiculturalism. While a cosmopolitan version of multiculturalism is also present in Britain and is largely compatible with a more political, communitarian national multiculturalism, the two seem to have incompatible views on national identity concerns and so on immigration control. This is seriously problematic for progressive politics today but a solution is not clear.
Raising Claims and Dealing with Claims in a ‘Mobile World’ of ‘Superdiversity’: Institutions and Policies of Accommodation under Pressure
Authors: Bader Veit
Published: May 2018

Global migration has become more diversified and also the settlement, citizenship and integration package has changed. These changes have important consequences for cultures and identity-definitions, for the socio-political conditions of collective action and claims-making, for established institutional policy-patterns and dealing with claims, for citizenship and democratic representation, and for theories of multiculturalism. My focus is on changing socio-political conditions of collective action because it seems to be the empirically least researched topic and because the competing, fashionable paradigms – ‘intersectionalism’, ‘transnationalism’, ‘mobility’ or ‘superdiversity’ – are kryptonormative, overgeneralized and misleading. I start with conceptual, theoretical, empirical and normative objections against the superdiversity paradigm because it seems to have rapidly increasing traction. Next, however, I proceed from the criticized assumption that superdiversity diagnoses would be empirically true: If, and to the degree to which, cultural practices get more radically flexible, hybrid and fluid and objective social positions, collective identity definitions, netness, groupness and organizations would get fluid and flexible, less stable claims-making can be expected: immigrant ethno-religious minorities of all kinds would loose collective voice. Contrary to the normative praise of superdiversity and ‘individualization’ and of ‘diversity-policies’ this would be – in the real world of structural power-asymmetries – not a praiseworthy utopia but a nightmare.
Democratic Representation in Mobile Societies
Authors: Bauböck Rainer
Published: May 2018

Multiculturalism and transnationalism have transformed the traditional assimilationist and statist perspectives of immigrant integration studies. Yet these progressive approaches have not fully addressed the new challenges raised by the ‘mobility turn’. In highly mobile societies, the distinction between cultural majority and minorities, which is the starting point for multiculturalism, and the distinction between migrants, receiving and destination societies, which is still maintained in a transnational perspective, become increasingly blurred. Once these categories can no longer be distinguished, the normative case for differentiated multicultural and transnational citizenship becomes weaker too. The second part of the paper applies this line of thought to democratic representation issues. It identifies three challenges of mobility: representing temporary migrants; bridging cleavages between mobile and sedentary populations; and organizing democratic representation in hypermobile societies with sedentary minorities, each of which assume a different degree of societal transformation through mobility. The chapter concludes that it would be wrong to replace the methodological nationalism and statism that has prevailed in the multicultural citizenship literature with an equally biased ‘methodological migrantism’ that privileges a mobility perspective over that of territorially structured democracy. We should instead try to find institutional solutions which combine both perspectives and, where this is impossible, at least try to switch back and forth between them.
Practising with Deleuze
Authors: Attiwill Suzie , Bird Terri , Eckersley Andrea , Pont Antonia
Published: May 2018

Practising with Deleuze offers the first systematic reading of Gilles Deleuze’s mature philosophy from the perspective of contemporary creative practitioners, including fine artists, a dancer, a creative writer, designer and philosopher. It offers a way of rethinking notions of aesthetics, art, and creativity within the field of practice. Unconventional in presentation, this book is reflective of the engagement of contemporary creative practices with the generative philosophy of Deleuze. Each chapter focuses on a key aspect of production - practising, forming, framing, experiencing, and encountering - and is accompanied by short summary texts outlining the context of Deleuze’s contributions to each of these aspects. These discussions contextualise Deleuzian thought within a range of practices. In so doing, they enable the reader to approach these philosophical concepts within the milieu of creative practice.
Philosophising Practice
Authors: Pont Antonia
Published: May 2018

Artists often explicitly consider themselves practitioners, acknowledging practising as the mode of doing from which work non-causally emerges. Practising recognises that novelty is best courted via a precise register of repetition, explored by Deleuze in Difference and Repetition. Linked to habit and unrelated to discipline (as impatience/compliance), practising mobilises consistent (sets of) behavioural forms along with intentional repetition via a relaxing that reinflects laziness. It generates a stability subtracted from identity, clarifying the directions of Deleuze’s thought concerning difference as that which precedes representation. Resonating with Deleuze’s dismantling of the dogmatic image of thought, practising intentionally harnesses the mechanisms of ‘miraculous’ repetition for a future constituted solely by time’s empty form. Via Deleuze’s exploration of repetition, difference and identity, their relation to habit and the paradoxical intentionalities of art-making, this chapter explores various aspects of practising’s operations, thereby unsettling common-sense understandings of agency, action, change, intention, capacity, difference and subjectivity
Coming-of-Age Cinema in New Zealand
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

This book investigates the coming-of-age genre as a significant phenomenon in New Zealand’s national cinema, tracing its development from the 1970s to the present day. A preliminary chapter identifies the characteristics of the coming-of-age film as a genre, tracing its evolution and the influence of the French New Wave and European Art Cinema, and speculating on the role of the genre in the output of national cinemas. Through case studies of fifteen significant films, including The God Boy, Sleeping Dogs, The Scarecrow, Vigil, Mauri, An Angel at My Table, Heavenly Creatures, Once Were Warriors, Rain, Whale Rider, In My Father’s Den, 50 Ways of Saying Fabulous, Boy, Mahana, and Hunt for the Wilderpeople, subsequent chapters examine thematic preoccupations of filmmakers such as the impact of repressive belief systems and social codes, the experience of cultural dislocation, the expression of a Māori perspective through an indigenous “Fourth Cinema,” bicultural relationships, and issues of sexual identity, arguing that these films provide a unique insight into the cultural formation of New Zealanders. Given that the majority of films are adaptations of literary sources, the book also explores the dialogue each film conducts with the nation’s literature, showing how the time frame of each film is updated in a way that allows these films to be considered as a register of important cultural shifts that have occurred as New Zealanders have sought to discover their emerging national identity.
New Zealand Coming-of-age Films: Distinctive Characteristics and Thematic Preoccupations
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

This chapter provides an overview of New Zealand coming-of-age films from the first feature film to be made on this theme, The God Boy (Murray Reece, 1976) to the most recent examples, Mahana (Lee Tamahori, 2016) and Hunt for the Wilderpeople (Taika Waititi, 2016), identifying trends and patterns in the evolution of this genre. Characteristic attributes are explored, such as the dialogue with national literature (of the 15 films examined in the book, all but four are adaptations); the universal tendency of filmmakers to update the setting to the time of their own childhood; the presence of personal projections and identifications in the films; the importance of the New Zealand landscape as a thematic element. Finally, the main thematic preoccupations are outlined, with a demonstration of how they shift over time in response to changing cultural and political circumstances.
An Angry Young Man Seeks to Justify Himself: Sleeping Dogs (Ian Donaldson, 1977)1
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

Through a comparison of Roger Donaldson’s Sleeping Dogs – the first New Zealand film to demonstrate that it could attract a large local audience – and the novel upon which it is based, C. K. Stead’s Smith’s Dream, this chapter shows how Donaldson transformed the nature of the story by changing the conception of the hero, combined with an incorporation of generic elements borrowed from New Hollywood films of the 1970s (for example, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and Five Easy Pieces), so as to convert the fiction into a vehicle for personal self-expression and self-justification in the face of a social system that was felt to be authoritarian and repressive.
Art-cinema, Cultural Dislocation, and the Entry into Puberty: Vigil (Vincent Ward, 1984)
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores how Vincent Ward exploits a characteristic coming-of-age story as a vehicle for addressing cultural dislocation on one hand, and Oedipal tensions and ambivalent attachments on the other, so that these personal issues are turned into a paradigmatic exemplification of a more general predicament faced by settlers living in a postcolonial situation. Ward’s use of techniques imitated from European art cinema is examined, along with the origins of the film in Ward’s own biography.
Creativity as a Haven: An Angel at My Table (Jane Campion, 1990)
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: May 2018

Through a comparison with Janet Frame’s Autobiography, from which it is adapted, this chapter analyses Jane Campion’s An Angel at My Table as the first New Zealand film to present all three of the main maturational phases characteristic of the coming-of-age genre, but as experienced by a Pākehā girl. Identifying the effects of a repressive environment as the source of the emotional stresses that lead the main character, Janet, to be institutionalized for schizophrenia, the discussion shows how she finds respite in fictive creativity and a world of the imagination. It also shows Campion’s personal investment in the story as a displaced representation of her own mother’s fight with mental illness.