bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menjadi Gereja yang Hidup: Berteologi dalam Konteks Konflik "Agama" di Tolikara
Authors: Apituley Margaretha Martha Anace
Published: March 2023

Meskipun bukan konflik agama yang terjadi di Tolikara, namun ada banyak simbol-simbol agama yang dipakai untuk memperkeruhnya. Dalam situasi ini, orang-orang Kristen terpanggil untuk menjadi minoritas yang kreatif sehingga bisa melayani kehidupan.
Temporal Delusion ‘Duality’ Accounts of Time and Double Orientation to Reality in Depressive Psychosis
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin
Published: March 2023

This paper argues that duality accounts of time, as exemplified by Henri Bergson’s, Edmund Husserl’s and John McTaggart’s ideas, parallel the decomposition of temporal experience in depressive psychosis into objective and subjective dimensions of time. The paper also proposes to comprehend the full-fledged depressive temporal delusion, in which the subjective flow of time comes to a standstill via the idea of a double orientation to reality characteristic of schizophrenic delusions. In the depressive temporal delusion a person claims that time is not moving while simultaneously her cognitive orientation in temporal surroundings remains largely unaffected, and hence the double orientation. The juxtaposition of temporal experience in depression with the temporal disorientation in dementia enables to situate the depressive delusion regarding the flow of time in the middle of a proposed scale of the disintegration of normal temporal experience.
Epidemiological tag II: The logit-normal growth of an epidemic
Authors: Mason Zebedee
Published: March 2023

Having discussed why epidemics do not grow exponentially the combinatorics for a trivial example are discussed. Scaling up by nearly two orders of magnitude results in the continuous limit for which the growth of an epidemic from zero to exponential is shown to follow the logit-normal distribution with the expected value corresponding to the Kermack-McKendrick model. An attempt is made to fit the parameters of the logit-normal distribution by series expansion.
Void numbers
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: March 2023

We present nonzero numbers whose square vanishes for pedagogical purposes.
Three Modes of Distorted Temporal Experience in Addiction: Daily Life, Drug Ecstasy, and Recovery A Phenomenological Perspective
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin
Published: March 2023

The article examines distortions of lived time in addiction from a phenomenological perspective and presents their three ideal-typical qualities concerning: (1) daily life, (2) drug ecstasy, and (3) recovery. Regarding the first dimension, the following experiences are being discussed: the highly constricted present, lack of relationship with the future, collapse of being toward possibilities, repetitiveness of behavior and desynchronization with others. Regarding the second dimension, it is argued that drug ecstasy consists in the condensed experience of infinite future possibilities. Regarding the third dimension, the transformation of lived time in recovery is reinterpreted in terms of sublime aesthetic experience in the sense that the paradoxical nature of the sublime exemplifi es the phenomenon of double identity of recovering addict in regard to time.
Remote work as a new dimension of polarisation: Individual and contextual determinants of the relationship between working from home and job quality
Authors: Zwysen Wouter
Published: March 2023

This chapter provides an empirical overview of the extent and distribution of working from home across EU member states and the changes due to its sharp rise following the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. The chapter describes working from a home as an increasingly important dimension in the way new digital technologies reinforce inequalities among already existing lines. Neither the possibility to move tasks remotely nor the probability of being offered the option by your employer are equally distributed. Unfortunately, they tend to be higher for those already doing better on the labour market: those in digitally advanced sectors and larger firms, those with higher skills and doing more abstract and complex tasks, and those on standard employment contracts. On top of this unevenness in access, working from home itself also carries benefits that may increase productivity and wages. Both through access and benefits a rise in working from home then risks widening the polarisation on the labour market. This chapter shows that indeed, remote work growth mainly benefited those more advantaged on the labour market, and is itself associated with better working conditions and higher wages, although also with higher working hours. Importantly, there is substantial variation in how unequally telework grows between sectors and countries. Digital intensity increases this polarisation by working from home further, while stronger worker representation through greater union density can curtail some of this inequality.
What We Do When We Define Morality (And Why We Need to Do It)
Authors: Dahl Audun
Published: March 2023

All psychological research on morality relies on definitions of morality. Yet the various definitions often go unstated. When unstated definitions diverge, theoretical disagreements become intractable, as theories that purport to explain “morality” actually talk about very different things. This article argues for the importance of defining morality and considers four common ways of doing so: The linguistic, the functionalist, the evaluating, and the normative. Each has encountered difficulties. To surmount those difficulties, I propose a technical, psychological, empirical, and distinctive definition of morality: obligatory concerns with others’ welfare, rights, fairness, and justice, as well as the reasoning, judgment, emotions, and actions that spring from those concerns. By articulating workable definitions of morality, psychologists can communicate more clearly across paradigms, separate definitional from empirical disagreements, and jointly advance the field of moral psychology.
ELIMINATE INJURIES IN SPORTS TREATMENT PROCEDURES
Authors: viaScience
Published: March 2023

In this article discusses cases related to injuries during training. It provides relevant advice and tips on how to prevent and treat injuries during training.
Differential expression of TNFRSF12A in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published and public microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A, TNFRSF12A, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. TNFRSF12A mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TNFRSF12A in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with stage IV rectal cancer. TNFRSF12A expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Geodynamic control on Pleistocene coral reef development: insights from northwest Sumba Island (Indonesia)
Authors: de Gelder Gino , Solihuddin Tubagus , Utami Dwi , Hendrizan Marfasran , Rachmayani Rima , Chauveau Denovan , Authemayou Christine , Husson Laurent , Cahyarini Sri
Published: March 2023

The fossil record of Quaternary reef systems, as expressed in uplifted regions by sequences of stacked terraces, has been extensively used either to understand their morphodynamics or to unravel sea level variations. Yet, because these two aspects are intimately linked, Quaternary reef analysis is often underdetermined because the analysis often focuses on single sequences, along one-dimensional profiles. Here, we take advantage of the lateral variations of coral reef sequences by documenting the morphological variations of the reef sequence on Sumba Island. Near Tambolaka, northwest Sumba, we analysed a reef transect, topography, and associated sedimen- tological record to obtain a precise coral reef stratigraphy and geomorphic patterns that can be compared with the well-documented eastern counterpart. In Tambolaka, the reef sequence displays four lower layers of bedded chalky limestone units with a weakly cemented sandy matrix, which we attribute to the Middle Miocene to Pliocene Wakabukak formation based on calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers. The uppermost layer is a calcretized reefal limestone unit with a well- lithified sandy matrix, which we attribute to the Plio–Pleistocene reef sequence of the Kalianga formation. Seven marine terraces imprint the regional morphology, four of which we correlate with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, MIS 7e, MIS 9e, and MIS 11c terraces of Cape Laundi, northeast Sumba. When scrutinized at the light of numerical models of reef development, these results indicate that the morphodynamics of reefal sequences is strongly impacted by the tectonic evolution. The geodynamic context sets both the extrinsic conditions of reef development, such as the morphology of the basement and hydrodynamics, and the intrinsic properties, in particular reef growth rate. While the morphodynamic evolution of the sequence is at first-order representative of the interplay between uplift rates and sea level oscillations, the detailed assemblage of the reef units drastically varies along the coastline.
Model-Robust Estimation of Multiple-Group Structural Equation Models
Authors: Robitzsch Alexander
Published: March 2023

Structural equation models (SEM) are widely used in the social sciences. They model the relationships between latent variables in structural models while defining the latent variables by observed variables in measurement models. Frequently, it is of interest to compare particular parameters in an SEM as a function of a discrete grouping variable. Multiple-group SEM is employed to compare structural relationships between groups. In this article, estimation approaches for the multiple-group are reviewed. We focus on comparing different estimation strategies in the presence of local model misspecifications (i.e., model errors). In detail, maximum likelihood and weighted least-squares estimation approaches are compared with a newly proposed robust $L_p$ loss function and regularized maximum likelihood estimation. The latter methods are referred to as model-robust estimators because they show some resistance to model errors. In particular, we focus on the performance of the different estimators in the presence of unmodelled residual error correlations and measurement noninvariance (i.e., group-specific item intercepts). The performance of the different estimators is compared in two simulation studies and an empirical example. It turned out that the robust loss function approach is computationally much less demanding than regularized maximum likelihood estimation but resulted in similar statistical performance.
Mind as “E”nteraction: Towards the Complexity Hypothesis
Authors: Hipólito Inês , van Geert Paul , Pessoa Luiz
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the brain-behavior relationship, integrating embodiment, enactment, and dynamical processes. The classical dynamical hypothesis offers a mathematical framework for describing state space trajectories. These abstract processes benefit from understanding systems as embodied and enactive – what we shall call the Complexity Hypothesis. Reconciling dynamics and embodiment remains a challenge. We analyze psychological phenomena and apply complex systems theory to elucidate psychological enactive dynamics. We then bridge the gap between psychological behavior and neural activity to highlight the mutual influence and affection between these levels of abstraction providing a basis for future research in cognitive science.
Don't look back on failure: Spontaneous uncertainty monitoring in chimpanzees
Authors: Tomonaga Masaki , Kurosawa Yoshiki , Kawaguchi Yuri , Takiyama Hiroya
Published: March 2023

During computer-controlled cognitive tasks, chimpanzees often look up the food dispenser which activates at the same time as feedback for the correct choice but not for feedback for the incorrect choice. Do these "looking back" behaviors also indicate signs of spontaneous monitoring of their confidence in their choices? To address this question, we delayed the feedback for 1s after their choice responses and observed their look-back behaviors during the delay period. Two chimpanzees looked up the food dispenser significantly less frequently when their choice was incorrect (but the feedback was not given) than when it was correct. These look-back behaviors have not been explicitly trained under experimental contexts. Therefore, these results indicate that chimpanzees spontaneously change the frequency of their look-back behaviors in response to the correctness or incorrectness of their own choices, even without external feedback, suggesting that their look-back behaviors may reflect the level of "confidence" or "uncertainty" of their responses immediately before.
A novel face-name mnemonic discrimination task with naturalistic stimuli
Authors: Mannion Renae , Harikumar Amritha , Morales-Calva Fernanda , Leal Stephanie L
Published: March 2023

Difficulty remembering faces and names is a common struggle for many people and gets more difficult as we age. Subtle changes in appearance from day to day, common facial characteristics across individuals, and overlap of names may contribute to the difficulty of learning face-name associations. Computational models suggest the hippocampus plays a key role in reducing interference across experiences with overlapping information by performing pattern separation, which enables us to encode similar experiences as distinct from one another. Thus, given the nature of overlapping features within face-name associative memory, hippocampal pattern separation may be an important underlying mechanism supporting this type of memory. Furthermore, cross-species approaches find that aging is associated with deficits in hippocampal pattern separation. Mnemonic discrimination tasks have been designed to tax hippocampal pattern separation and provide a more sensitive measure of age-related cognitive decline compared to traditional memory tasks. However, current face-name associative memory tasks do not explicitly tax hippocampal pattern separation and often lack naturalistic facial features (e.g., hair, accessories, similarity of features, emotional expressions). Here, we developed a face-name mnemonic discrimination task where we varied face stimuli by similarity, race, sex, and emotional expression as well as the similarity of name stimuli. We tested a sample of healthy young and older adults on this task and found that both age groups showed worsening performance as face-name interference increased. Overall, older adults struggled to remember faces and face-name pairs more than young adults. However, while young adults remembered emotional faces better than neutral faces, older adults selectively remembered positive faces. These results suggest that the inclusion of stimuli that more closely mimic face-name memory in real life may provide a more sensitive measure of age-related cognitive decline compared to standard face-name associative memory tasks.
What's surprising about surprisal
Authors: Slaats Sophie , Martin Andrea E.
Published: March 2023

In the computational and experimental psycholinguistic literature, the mechanisms behind syntactic structure building (e.g., combining words into phrases and sentences) are the subject of considerable debate. Much experimental work has shown that surprisal is a good predictor of human behavioral and neural data. These findings have led some authors to model language comprehension in a purely probabilistic way. In this paper, we use simulation to exemplify why surprisal works so well to model human data, and to illustrate why exclusive reliance on it can be problematic for the development of a theory of language comprehension in general, and for a theory of composition in particular. Rather than arguing for the importance of structural or distributional information to the exclusion or exhaustion of the other, we argue more emphasis should be placed on how the brain leverages both types of information (viz., statistical and structured). We propose that distributional information is an important cue to the structure in the message, but is not a substitute for the structure itself - neither computationally, formally, nor conceptually. Surprisal and other distributional metrics must play a key role as theoretical objects in any explanatory mechanistic theory of language processing, but that role remains in the service of the brain’s goal of constructing structured meaning from sensory input.
Impact of exposure to a signed language on spoken phonemic discrimination in adult CI users: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Nematova Shakhlo , Zinszer Benjamin D. , Morlet Thierry , Morini Giovanna , Petitto Laura-Ann , Jasińska Kaja Kinga
Published: March 2023

We examined neural activation patterns underlying phonemic discrimination in a spoken language in deaf CI users (N=18, age=18-24 years) who were exposed to a signed language at different ages and in hearing individuals (N=18, age=18-21 years). In deaf CI users, early-life language exposure, irrespective of modality, was associated with greater neural activation of language areas that are critically involved in phonological processing. For deaf CI users with later age of implantation, early age of exposure to a signed language was associated with increased activation in the left hemisphere’s classic language regions for native language (English) versus non-native language (Hindi) phonemic contrasts. For deaf CI users with earlier age of implantation, no significant change related to the age of exposure to a signed language was observed. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that early sign exposure does not negatively impact language processing in a spoken language in deaf CI users but may potentially offset the negative effects of language deprivation that children without any sign language exposure experience prior to implantation.
Driver-pedestrian interactions at unsignalised crossings are not in line with the Nash equilibrium
Authors: Kalantari Amir Hossein , Yang Yue , Lee Yee Mun , Merat Natasha , Markkula Gustav
Published: March 2023

Modelling human-robot interaction in the road traffic context is an evolving yet understudied area. Recent developments in vehicle automation require simulations of such interactions, which can be achieved by computational models of human behaviour such as game theory. Game theory is a modelling paradigm that provides a good insight into road user behaviour by considering agents’ interdependencies. However, it is still unclear whether conventional game theory is suitable for modelling vehicle-pedestrian interactions at unsignalised locations or if more complex models like behavioural game theory are needed. Hence, we compared four game-theoretic models based on two different payoff formulations and two solving algorithms obtained from the conventional and behavioural game theory literature, to answer this question. Data from 32 pedestrian-driver pairs, who interacted with each other in a distributed simulator study was used to test and validate the models. The study was conducted by connecting a CAVE-based pedestrian simulator to a motion-based driving simulator providing a safe and controlled environment to replicate the traffic scenarios. The findings demonstrated that there is a high variability between participant pairs’ behaviours. Our proposed behavioural game-theoretic model outperformed other models in predicting the interaction outcome as a function of kinematics and crossing type. The model can also predict which interaction will take the longest time to resolve, something that traditional models such as logit and conventional game theory are incapable of. According to our results, road users cannot be expected to behave in line with the Nash equilibrium of conventional game theory that underscores the complexity of human behaviour with implications for the testing and development of automated vehicles.
Yale Program for Psychedelic Science (YPPS) Manual for Psilocybin Combined with Non-Directive Support in the Treatment of OCD
Authors: Ching Terence Han Wei , Grazioplene Rachael , Pittenger Christopher , Kelmendi Benjamin
Published: March 2023

The Yale Program for Psychedelic Science (YPPS) supports a multi-disciplinary research community dedicated to investigating the effects of psychedelic substances on brain function, cognition, and behavior, including their therapeutic potential in treating neuropsychiatric conditions. In support of this mission, YPPS is testing the safety and efficacy of psilocybin, administered in conjunction with non-directive psychological support, as a treatment for certain neurological and psychiatric conditions. The current study, “Effects of repeated dosing of psilocybin on obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized, waitlist-controlled study” (NCT05370911), will investigate the effects of repeated dosing of oral psilocybin on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology and assess psychological mechanisms that may mediate psilocybin’s therapeutic effects on OCD. The study will employ a randomized, waitlist-controlled design with blinded ratings, with participants randomized to receive either immediate treatment (two doses of oral psilocybin separated by one week) or delayed treatment (7 weeks post-randomization). An adaptive dose selection strategy will be implemented; the first dose will be fixed at 25 mg of psilocybin, and the second dose will be 25 mg or 30 mg, depending on whether or not a clinically significant response is detected after the first dose. This manual provides background and details for facilitator-related activities at various phases – pre-dosing preparation sessions, dosing sessions, and post-dosing integration sessions. The approach for psychological support by facilitators is unstructured and non-directive. In other words, facilitators do not provide any structured therapy, but rather collaborate and support participants as they prepare for psilocybin dosing sessions, ensure their psychological safety during dosing sessions, and provide them with an unstructured, non-directive context in which to process and consolidate their experiences during and after each dosing at defined time points. In doing so, while no structured therapy program is implemented, the presence and accompaniment by facilitators throughout all study sessions in the treatment phase may be experienced as supportive or even therapeutic by participants. This manual shares several features with a previous YPPS protocol-specific session monitor manual for single-dose psilocybin paired with psychological support for OCD (Ching et al., 2022), including the primary focus on a non-directive approach for preparatory, dosing, and integration sessions. Distinctive additions in this manual include a discussion of psychological processes in OCD that serve as a context for responsive facilitation of study visits, as well as updated facilitator checklists for preparatory, dosing, and integration sessions specific to the current two-dose protocol.
Top-down number reading: Language affects the visual identification of digit strings
Authors: Dotan Dror
Published: March 2023

Reading numbers aloud involves visual processes that analyze the digit string and verbal processes that produce the number words. Cognitive models of number reading assume that information flows from the visual input to the verbal production processes – a feed-forward processing mode in which the verbal production depends on the visual input but not vice versa. Here, I show that information flows also in the opposite direction, from verbal production to the visual input processes. Participants read aloud briefly-presented multi-digit strings in Hebrew, in which the order of words is congruent with the order of digits (21 = twenty-and-one), and in Arabic, in which the ones word precedes the tens word (one-and-twenty). The error-by-digit-position curve was affected by language: relative to Hebrew, in Arabic the error rate was slightly lower for the unit digit and slightly higher for the decade digit, indicating that in Arabic the unit digit was processed earlier and the decade digit later, in accord with the Arabic word order. This language-dependent processing order originated in the visual level and was not a verbal confound, because it persisted even when I controlled for the serial position of the decade/unit word in the verbal number by using numbers with 0 (two hundred three / two hundred thirty). I conclude that the visual analyzer’s digit scanning order, decade-first or unit-first, is not fixed but affected by the language in which the number is produced – a top-down, verbal-to-visual information flow.
The Impact of Occupational Stress on the productivity of University Employees
Authors: Ahmad Safeer
Published: March 2023

Occupational stress is a major concern in the workplace. The purpose of the research was to investigate the impact of occupational stress on productivity among university staff in Pakistan. The study also examined the difference between the effects of stress on male and female university employees' productivity. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study's target population was recruited from Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University departments. The sample size of N = 125 was calculated using Rao software. A questionnaire (Occupational Stress Scale) was used to obtain quantitative data. The data was gathered by survey research method. SPSS (Version 27) was used to analyze the data, and the data was computed using Chi-square and percentage analysis. The findings indicated that occupational stress has a significant effect on employee productivity. Additionally, there is also a significant difference in the impact of job stress on male and female employees. The findings also indicated that more than 80% of the employees are experiencing occupational stress. The research is a significant contribution to existing literature on the effects of occupational stress on employee productivity and associated parameters. The study's findings can be used to develop workshops to help workers cope with stress and thereby enhance productivity.Keywords: Occupational stress, Employee productivity, Employees, Workplace.
Situating Smartphones in Daily Life: Big Five Traits and Contexts Associated with Young Adults’ Smartphone Use
Authors: Roehrick K. , Vaid Sumer Sumeet , Harari Gabriella M.
Published: March 2023

Smartphone use is now a common behavior in the daily lives of many people around the world. People differ in how frequently and how much time they spend using their smartphones, but the role of dispositions and contextual factors in explaining smartphone use in the moment are not well understood. In this paper, we examine individual differences in smartphone behavior to understand the independent effects of Big Five traits and four different contextual factors (places, people, co-occurring activities, and psychological situations) on the frequency and duration of smartphone use. Using survey, experience sampling, and mobile sensing data collected over the span of two weeks from two samples of college students (Sample 1 N = 634; Sample 2 N = 211), we conducted a series of multilevel Bayesian Gamma Hurdle and Negative Binomial Hurdle models to explain smartphone use (vs. non-use) and the degree of use. Our pooled findings suggest that Extraversion was associated with more frequent use, while Conscientiousness was associated with smartphone non-use and shorter durations of use. In terms of context, our findings show that smartphones were used more frequently when people were out and about in public places (e.g., cafes, stores) and less frequently in particularly social places (e.g., bars, friends’ houses). Smartphones were also used more frequently with weak ties (e.g., classmates, co-workers) and less frequently with close ties (e.g., roommates, family, significant others). Smartphones were also used less and for shorter durations when people were engaged in other activities (e.g., studying, commuting, chores, exercising), and when in situations perceived to be romantic or involving work. We discuss the findings with regard to past work on smartphone use and describe next steps for research on smartphone behavior.
The stricter the better? The impact of early teacher grading standards on students’ competences development and academic track enrollment
Authors: Lievore Ilaria , Fedeli Emanuele , Triventi Moris
Published: March 2023

Despite the growing attention on teachers’ grading practices in educational research, less attention has been dedicated to the consequences of teachers’ grading standards on students’ educational outcomes, especially in early stages of their scholastic career. This paper aims at filling this gap, analyzing the impact of teacher’s severity in grading on students’ competences development and academic track enrollment, and how it varies according to students’ gender, socio-economic background and immigrant status. The analysis relies on Italian INVALSI-SNV data: information on 5th graders and their teachers are linked, and pupils are followed up to 8th and 10th grade, in which their competences and school track are recorded. Trough 2SLS regressions we demonstrate that being exposed to stricter grading in 5th grade leads to higher students’ competences later on, and to higher probability to enroll in the most prestigious academic track, with no notable heterogeneous effects across students with different sociodemographic characteristics.
Implementing e-Participation in Africa: What Roles Can Public Officials Play?
Authors: Plantinga Paul , Dlamini Nonkululeko , Gordon Tanja
Published: March 2023

Whilst there are many new opportunities for using emerging technology to enhance citizen engagement with government decision-making, there are still challenges using existing technologies and many failed initiatives, especially in Africa. These failures are often put down to a mismatch in culture and values, between the local African context and technologies developed in other parts of the world, and between the agile openness of digital initiatives and the bureaucratic practices of public officials. Unfortunately, little is known about the specific roles public officials do or could play in e-participation implementation, how these roles are shaped by distinctive values, and the extent to which these values may conflict or, possibly, complement each other. This paper presents results from a desktop analysis of e-participation projects, largely from the African continent, and shows how a diversity of public official roles and values would be necessary to support the realisation of e-participation outcomes. From legal specialists developing guidelines to comply with personal data protection legislation, to communications officials learning how to moderate social media conversations and technology developers exploring new ways of verifying online identity.
How much should we trust coalition identification in policy networks? A new method for the Advocacy Coalition Framework
Authors: Deguilhem Thibaud , Schlegel Juliette , Berrou Jean-Philippe , Djibo Ousmane , Piveteau Alain
Published: March 2023

Identifying political coalitions is crucial to a precise understanding of a policy process. Focusing on coalition phenomena, the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) is one of the most prominent approaches and has recently begun offering fertile links with policy network analysis. These studies frequently apply Block Modeling and Community Detection (BMCD) strategies to define homogeneous political groups. However, the BMCD literature is growing quickly, using a wide variety of algorithms and interesting selection methods that are much more diverse than those used in the ACF. Identifying the best option can therefore be difficult and few ACF studies give an explicit justification. On the other hand, few BMCD publications offer a systematic comparison of real social networks and they are never applied to policy network datasets. This paper offers a new, relevant 4-Step selection method to reconcile advances in both the ACF and BMCD. Using an application based on original African policy network data collected in Madagascar and Niger, we provide a useful set of practical recommendations for future ACF studies using network analysis: (i) the density and size of the policy network affect the identification process, (ii) the “best algorithm” can be rigorously determined by maximizing a novel indicator based on convergence and homogeneity between algorithm results, (iii) researchers need to be careful with missing data: they affect the results and imputation does not solve the problem.
Mekanisme Pertahanan Ego Said Mahran Dalam Novel Al-Lisshu Wa Al-Killab Karya Najib Mahfuzh (Kajian Psikologi Sastra Sigmund Freud)
Authors: Jannah Raudhatul , Salsabila Hanisfa
Published: March 2023

This research is entitled Said Mahran's Self Defense Mechanism in the Novel Al-Lisshu wa Al-Killab by Najib Mahfuzh (Sigmund Freud's Literary Psychology Study). The purpose of this research is to describe the self-defense mechanism used by Said Mahran in dealing with the conflict that befell him. The method used in completing this research is descriptive analysis method using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. The data source of this research is the novel Al-Lisshu Wa Al-Killab by Najib Mahfuzh. The collection technique was carried out by means of observation through reading and recording important data related to the research. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman approach. As for the results of this study, there are five self-defense mechanisms used by Said Mahran, among others: Fantasy, Projection, Diversion, Action Formation and Apathy. The purpose of the self-defense mechanism used by Said Mahran is to reduce anxiety and fear of failure in carrying out and realizing his plans.
Analisis Semiotika Michaele Riffatarre Pada Puisi fī Bilādiy lā Ihtirāma lilfaqīri Karya Anis Syausan
Authors: Arifiany Wulan
Published: March 2023

Puisi sebagai karya sastra yang sarat makna dengan kalimat indah yang terkadang maknanya sulit untuk dimengerti. Maka dari itu diperlukan suatu teori untuk membedah puisi secara mendalam. Teori semiotika Michale Riffaterre merupakan teori yang sering digunakan untuk mengungkap makna syair puisi. Pada penelitian ini, puisi yang menjadi objek ialahفي بلادي لا احترام للفقير karya Anis Syausan, puisi ini berisi tentang keprihatinan yang terjadi di negara Tunisia saat pergolakan tejadi pada tahun 2010. Pergolakan pada tahun 2010 tersebut terus menerus membawa dampak buruk bagi negara Tunisia. Dampak dari pergolakan politik tersebut ialah diskriminasi antara masyarakat kalangan atas dan kalangan bawah yang luar biasa. Ketimpangan sosial, ketidak adilan, dan keburukan-keburukan lainnya dipaparkan dalam puisi ini. Banyak permasalahan-permasalahan sosial tergambar dalam puisi ini yang menarik bila dikaji lebih dalam dan dianalisis secara mendetail. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk menginterpretasi makna puisi melalui pembacaan heuristic dan hermeunetik. Metodologi penelitian yang dipakai adalah metode kualitatif. Definisi dari metode kualitatif ialah sebuah metode penelitian yang bertujuan menafsirkan fenomena. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pembacaan heruistik yaitu pembacaan tingkat pertama untuk mengetahui makna lugas dari puisi ini dengan mengalihbahasa puisi berbahasa arab ke bahasa Indonesia. Selanjutnya ada pembacaan hermeneutik/retroaktif di mana pada tahap ini dilakukan interpretasi yang lebih dalam atau disebut pula pembacaan tingkat kedua. Pada tahap ke dua ini ditemukan makna puisi secara umum yaitu kondisi negara Tunisia yang tidak memiliki keberpihakan terhadap rakyat jelata.
Physiological Aspects dalam Bahasa Arab; Kajian Psikolinguistik
Authors: Tjalau Cutri A. , Gani Saida
Published: March 2023

Articulatory phonetics is a linguistic study that focuses on the aspects of sound produced through human speech organs. Without the human speech organ, language sounds cannot be produced. Physiological Aspects/Physiological aspects known as articulatory and auditory phonetics explain how the organs of the human body function or play a role in producing language sounds and how sounds are received by the auditory sensory apparatus. The study method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with library research as the type of research. The results of a review of the data obtained found that the physiological aspects of the Arabic language are; 1) Sound Systems/Devices/ الجهاز الصوتي/al-Jiha>z al-S{autiy which are divided into; Lungs / الرئتان /al-Riata>n, Air Pipe/ القصبة الهوائية /al-Qus}bah al-Hawa>iyyah, Throat/ Throat Cavity/ الحنجرة أو تجويف الحنجرة/al-H{anjarah aw Tajwi>f al- H{anjarah, Cavity Resonance/ التجاويف الرنينية/al-Taja>wi>f al-Rani>ni>yyah, Tongue/ اللسان /al-Lisa>n, Palate/ الحنك /al-Hank, Teeth and Lips. 2) Organ of Hearing/ الجهاز السمعي/ al-Jiha>z al-Sam'iy
POLYETHILEN CREEPING IN ELECTROLUTE’S AREA
Authors: Avtandil Porchkhidze
Published: March 2023

In this work is given, that polymer’s sorbed liquids quantity influences creeping deformation increase.
Çocuk Edebiyatında Çıtır Çıtır Felsefe Serisinin Üst Düzey Düşünme Becerilerini Kazandırmadaki Rolü
Authors: ÖZCAN Suna
Published: March 2023

Çocukların hayal dünyasını zenginleştiren temel araçların başında edebiyat eserleri gelmektedir. Özellikle çocuk edebiyatı bağlamında ortaya konulan eserlerin çocukların hayal dünyalarını renklendirirken aynı zamanda birer birey olarak yaşama etkin katılımlarını destekleyecek, üst düzey düşünme becerilerini harekete geçirecek eserler olması önemlidir. Çünkü çocuk edebiyatı eserleri çocukları edebî eserlerle buluşturmanın yanı sıra onların üst düzey zihinsel becerilerinin gelişiminde, sorgulama becerilerini geliştirmede de etkilidir. Bu hususlar göz önünde bulundurularak Gün Işığı Kitaplığı tarafından Türkçeye çevrilen Çıtır Çıtır Felsefe serisinden “İyilik ve Kötülük”, “Adalet ve Haksızlık”, “Bildiklerimiz ve Bilmediklerimiz”, “Doğa ve Kirlilik”, “Barış ve Savaş” isimli kitaplar üst düzey düşünme becerileri arasında yer alan analitik düşünme, eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, yaratıcı düşünme ve karar verme becerilerini geliştirmeye olan katkısının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin doküman analizine dayanan bu araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre araştırma nesnesi olarak belirlenen Çıtır Çıtır Felsefe serisinden kitapların çocukların analitik düşünme, eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, yaratıcı düşünme, karar verme becerilerini geliştirmeye uygun kaynaklar olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Gallstone Ileus in the Absence of Gallbladder, Rare Etiology of Bowel Obstruction: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alenezi Ali , Alenezi Ali , Alenezi Saqer , Saleem Athary , Alshamali Mohammed , Alshammari Khaled
Published: March 2023

Background: Gallstone ileus post-cholecystectomy is extremely rare surgical emergency causing mechanical bowel obstruction. This condition is usually misdiagnosed due to its non-specific clinical features. Radiological investigations are essential to evaluate and diagnose gallstone ileus cases.
Case Presentation: A 92-year-old female patient, cholecystomized, presented to our hospital with a one-week history of an acute confusional state, generalized abdominal pain, and vomiting. The physical examination showed a disoriented patient with a distended abdomen and generalized tenderness, especially in the epigastric area. Hyperactive bowel sounds were audible. Laboratory investigations were non-specific. A plain abdominal X-ray was insignificant. The abdominal ultrasound showed marked abdominal gaseous distention. Then, an abdominal CT scan was performed, revealing an impression of gallstone ileus causing small bowel obstruction with no evidence of fistula formation. So, surgical intervention was decided, and an 8-gram gallstone was exteriorized through an enterolithotomy. The postoperative period was uneventful.
Discussion: Gallstone ileus is an unusual entity that often affects elderly females. The clinical features of gallstone ileus include abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, and vomiting. Diagnosis of gallstone ileus relies on imaging and physical examination. Abdominal CT with contrast provides a definitive diagnostic tool. The surgical options to manage the gallstone ileus can be either one or two-staged enterolithotomy.
Conclusion: Due to the rare etiologic origin of the gallstone ileus in post-cholecystectomy cases, we report the case of a 92-year-old female with an acute confusional state and generalized abdominal pain, found to be caused by detected gallstone ileus, lacking evidence of fistula formation.
Analysis of Nephrotoxicity and Hypokalemia during the Use of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Children with Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Özdemir Zeynep Canan , Özdemir Zeynep Canan , Barış Meral , Kar Yeter Düzenli , Töret Ersin , Özen Hülya , Bör Özcan
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children with febrile neutropenia. Although liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) is used safely due to its broad antifungal activity, it causes important side effects such as nephrotoxicity and hypokalemia.
Methods: Medical records of 45 children with hematological malignancies who were given empirical L-AMB for febrile neutropenia between November 2011 and December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine and potassium levels were compared before and after 7th day of L-AMB treatment.
Results: 62 febrile neutropenic attacks of 45 children were evaluated. The median age of the patients was 8.25 (3.5-13) years, and the number of attacks per patient was between 1-5. The median duration of treatment with L-AMB was 14 (range 9-21) days. Nephrotoxicity developed in 16 attacks (26%), and hypokalemia developed in 26 attacks (42%). In those who developed nephrotoxicity, eGFR was lower and creatinine level was higher after 7th day of L-AMB treatment, compared to their values before treatment. The frequency of hypokalemia was low in attacks where nephrotoxicity has been developed. High eGFR, and low creatinine level were risk factors with borderline significance from the point of development of nephrotoxicity.
Conclusion: Potassium level should be carefully monitored and appropriate replacement therapy should be administered in febrile neutropenic children with hematological malignancy receiving L-AMB therapy. Parenteral hydration before L-AMB administration does not prevent nephrotoxicity, however it positively affects the frequency of nephrotoxicity.
A REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY PAPER
Authors: DOĞAN ÇALIŞKAN Zehra
Published: March 2023

It is expected that artificial intelligence will completely change the structure of production and consumption in the future. From this point of view, it is possible to say that economic artificial intelligence will redefine economic relations. In this context, the study is based on examining the strategy document "Artificial Intelligence Strategy Report 2021-2025" announced on artificial intelligence technology in Turkey and evaluating the institutional perspective on artificial intelligence. In the study, the policy proposals made regarding the priority areas in the document were critically examined and possible policy proposals were made. As a result of these examinations, it has been revealed that the next 100 years of production will be shaped by artificial intelligence, and in this context, it is extremely important for our country not to stay out of this process, to manage and adapt to the process. In this context, the framework drawn by the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Report is extremely valuable. It is possible to say that if the strategy document achieves its main objectives, we will be included in the artificial intelligence network and realize the production process with artificial intelligence, adapt our education infrastructure to new production methods, train experts in the field, and harmonize the business world with artificial intelligence.
TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY OF THE PARENT AND CHILD FORMS OF THE PEDIATRIC PAIN COPING INVENTORY (PEDSQL-PPCI)
Authors: ARSLAN Nurten , KURTUNCU Meltem , YILDIZ Hicran
Published: March 2023

Background/Aim: This research was performed to assess the validity and reliability of the “PedsQL-Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory” for use in children and parents in Turkey. Methods: The study was designed as methodological-descriptive. The sample group of the study was composed of 300 children and mothers. The data were obtained by using the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and “Parent and Child Forms of the PedsQL-Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory (PedsQL-PPCI).” Results: Cronbach's alpha values for the child and parent forms were 0.82 and 0.89, respectively. The indices of Model Fit for child reports were determined to be RMSA = 0.070, GFI = 0.88 and CFI = 0.91. In the construct validity testing, the KMO value was 0.83 and Bartlett’s sphericity test resulted in 4244.75 (p < .001) and R2 = 71.97%.  The indices of Model Fit for parent reports were determined to be RMSA = 0.08, GFI = 0.86 and CFI = 0.94. In the construct validity testing, the KMO value was 0.83 and Bartlett’s sphericity test resulted in 4973.95 (p < .001) and R2 = 66.86%. Conclusions: Our results showed that the scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used as a pediatric pain coping inventory for Turkish parents and children. The PedsQL-PPCI is a convenient tool for professionals in managing and preventing pediatric pain.
ACTIVITIES OF GREEK BANDS IN MACEDONIA ACCORDING TO ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS
Authors: KERİMOĞLU Hasan Taner
Published: March 2023

In the late 19th century, one of the most important problems for the Ottoman Empire was the Macedonian issue. The non-Muslim communities living in Macedonia wanted independence or autonomy under the influence of nationalism ideas. The signing of the Treaty of Berlin in 1878 marked a crucial moment in the history of Macedonia as it defined the political divisions among the various ethnic groups present in the region. Bulgarians, Greeks, Serbs, and Albanians all sought to gain control over the land, but their conflicting interests made it difficult to reach a consensus. Due to the increasing influence of Bulgaria in Macedonia, the Greek state has started to pay more attention to the region. In response, the Greeks began a propaganda campaign aimed at spreading their influence through consulates, businesses, churches, and schools in Macedonia. The Greeks formed bands and sent them to Macedonia in order to protect their interests in the region. The Greek bands, mostly composed of officers, sought to diminish the power of the Bulgarians. The Ottoman administration was forced to take measures against the growing Greek bands in Macedonia. Security measures were increased to reduce the influence of the bands. The Ottoman government, recognizing the potential for conflict, responded by increasing its military presence in the region. Troops were deployed to counteract the actions of the Greek bands and maintain stability in the region. Diplomatic efforts were also made. This article examines the activities of Greek bands in Macedonia during the reign of Abdulhamid II. Ottoman archive documents, in particular, were used for this purpose.