bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic crises and energy use: An input–output analysis of Catalonia's 2008–2014 financial crisis
Authors: Freire‐González Jaume , Canosa Oliver
Published: December 2024

The impact of economic crises on an economy's energy consumption, considering its sectorial interactions, remains an unexplored area. For this article, we investigated the structural sectorial relationships in energy terms before, during, and after Catalonia's 2008–2014 financial crisis, using environmentally extended input–output analysis. We used three input–output tables from 2005, 2011, and 2014, for which we constructed and employed five vectors representing sectorial energy consumption (“natural gas,” “coal,” “petroleum,” “electricity,” and “biomass and waste”) for 41 economic sectors. We studied the evolution of backward and forward linkage coefficients in terms of energy, as well as key sectors over this period. Our findings reveal that most sectors, particularly energy‐intensive ones, experienced a reduction in both backward and forward linkages. However, the relative importance of sectors in the Catalan economy remained relatively stable over the years, indicating a certain level of persistence in this indicator throughout the period, despite the economic crisis.
Implementing industrial and territorial ecology: The role of proximity and intermediaries in three French case studies
Authors: Torre André , Bourdin Sébastien , Dermine‐Brullot Sabrina , Jambou Maël
Published: December 2024

This article explores the challenges companies face when establishing cooperative relationships to implement industrial ecology initiatives. It examines the effectiveness of methodological devices in fostering inter‐firm relations and creating a favorable environment for executing industrial ecology strategies. The theoretical framework of proximities is used to analyze the nature of the connections that form between firms based on these strategies. Based on interviews and social network analysis from three case studies in France, the study concludes that geographical proximity is important for cooperative relationships, but it is not enough on its own. The activation of organized proximities requires intermediary actors and methodological devices. In addition, these collaborations need consistent and effective support to ensure their long‐term sustainability; without such support, they tend to be short lived.
Iron ore substitution and carbon emission reduction by scrap steel recycling under carbon neutrality goal
Authors: Zhang Bin , Lu Yang , Li Hao , Niu Niu , Xin Qingyao , Xu Changqing , Wang Zhaohua
Published: December 2024

As the world's largest steel production country, China annually produces more than 50% of global steel, which relies on around 70% of iron ore imports in the last decade. Promoting scrap steel recycling is essential to reduce the heavy dependence on imported iron ore and simultaneously mitigate CO2 emissions. This study used the GCAM model (Global Change Analysis Model) and the dynamic MFA model to quantify the amount of scrap steel that would be generated under the carbon neutrality goal (CNG). Furthermore, we provided different scrap steel recycling scenarios to explore the potential of iron ore savings and the reduction of CO2 emissions during 2020–2060. The results showed that the annual steel production would be reduced to 525.2 Mt in 2060 under CNG, but a total of 470.3 Mt of iron ore would still be required annually. The quantity of scrap steel generated is expected to increase annually, reaching a cumulative total of 16941.37 Mt between 2020 and 2060. With increasing the scrap steel recycling rate, under optimal conditions, savings in iron ore and mitigation of CO2 emissions could reach 6447.1 and 3132.4 Mt, respectively, cumulatively during the period from 2020 to 2060. Furthermore, iron ore demand could be met domestically by 2050, eliminating the need for imports. By extending the lifetime of construction, the overall reduction in steel production would be 1064.1 Mt from 2020 to 2060. Meanwhile, 1883.1 Mt of iron ore can be saved and 889.6 Mt of CO2 can be mitigated accumulatively.
Carbon performance and corporate financial performance during crises: Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Läger Frederic , Bouzzine Yassin Denis , Lueg Rainer
Published: December 2024

Economic crises offer a valuable perspective on the relationship between carbon performance and corporate financial performance (CFP). Crises test corporate performance and challenge the allegedly universal synergies that developed under “normal” circumstances. However, the current research in this area is limited and has often yielded insignificant results. Drawing from a global dataset spanning 15 years, we investigate the moderating influences of two distinct crises on the interplay between carbon emission intensity and CFP. Employing fixed‐effects regression analysis, we dissect these critical periods, offering nuanced insights into their distinct impacts. The contrasting nature of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the COVID‐19 pandemic is central to this study. The COVID‐19 pandemic, characterized by operational disruptions and natural resource scarcities (supply‐side shock), significantly amplified the benefits of carbon reduction strategies, highlighting the value of efficient processes and cost efficiencies. In contrast, the GFC did not exhibit a significant impact on the carbon–CFP relationship. This differentiation is attributed to the GFC's finance‐driven nature (demand‐side shock), and the resultant evolution in stakeholder preferences and organizational structures. This study extends beyond the debated territory of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores. It also provides a nuanced understanding of carbon performance's role subject to the unique characteristics of a crisis.
Approaching building lifetimes and hazard rates through demolition patterns: Case studies for a historical city center
Authors: Cord'homme Zoé , Dittrich Nils , Bringedal Gedde Kristina , Billy Romain G. , Müller Daniel B.
Published: December 2024

Despite their relevance in building stock modeling, building lifetimes are poorly understood and tend to form the weakest link in forecasting energy use, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, waste generation, and resource use. Here, we develop a methodology to trace building lifetimes for cohorts in two central areas built up after fires in the 1840s. Using Geographical Information System (GIS) data of the current building stock and archival material, we determined yearly hazard rates for buildings within the cohort 1841–1845 in the historical center of Trondheim, Norway. We find that hazard rates are very sensitive to events ranging from global to hyperlocal scales and that demolition rates have slowed down significantly since the 1980s when municipal preservation policies came into effect. In contrast, age‐based lifetime approaches fail to capture the effects of such events as they only account for the delay between construction and demolition. We discuss the use and limitations of hazard rates to better reflect changes in demolition that are not correlated with building age. Our study underscores that building lifetimes are a property of a wider system rather than an attribute of individual structures. In that sense, hazard rates are a more suitable approach to capture spatiotemporal changes of building stocks and could be further used in scenarios in dynamic models. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
Applications of geospatial technologies for construction and demolition waste management: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bao Zhikang , Li Shengping , Chen Ying , Xie Huili , Long Wuyan , Chen Wei‐Qiang
Published: December 2024

Construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) is a grand challenge on a global scale. Traditional CDWM has heavily relied on anthropological approaches, which may prevent stakeholders from acquiring a comprehensive understanding of a macro standpoint for developing effective strategies. The emergence of geospatial technologies offers a more objective and precise approach for CDWM to enhance resource management and support environmental and socio‐economic sustainability. However, a holistic review of how these geospatial technologies have been applied to CDWM is still lacking. To fully harness the potential of geospatial technologies for CDWM, this study aims to examine how different categories of geospatial technologies serve different application scenarios in CDWM through a systematic literature review. Through delving into 73 papers spanning 2004 to 2024, the results find this research discipline has been a hotspot since 2017. Existing CDWM literature has predominantly utilized geographic information systems (GIS) technology, followed by remote sensing technology and a hybrid technology strategy. Geospatial technologies have been extensively integrated with other non‐geospatial technologies. Existing literature is mainly distributed across four application scenarios: identification and classification, site selection, quantification, and decision support. Finally, three research gaps have been also pinpointed, directing future studies to devote specific efforts to improving data accuracy, combining geospatial technologies with traditional methods as well as expanding application scenarios from a life cycle perspective. This paper offers academics and practitioners a clear roadmap on how to utilize geospatial technologies for propelling the discipline of CDWM toward high efficiency and precision.
Meta‐Analysis of Solution‐Focused Brief Therapy Research Conducted in Iran: Does Outcome Type, Intervention Modality, or Delivery Format Make a Difference?
Authors: Froerer Adam S. , Bolghan‐Abadi Mustafa , Chen Meiyan , Zhang Anao
Published: December 2024

This meta‐analysis synthesized randomized and non‐randomized controlled trials of solution‐focused brief therapy (SFBT) in Iranian populations, examining the effectiveness and the applications of SFBT in all Iranian settings and evaluated if the various outcomes being studied, research intervention modality, or therapy delivery format made statistical differences in outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy across three Iranian and four US databases, one Iranian conference website, and three professional websites resulted in the inclusion of 34 included studies for meta‐analytic analysis. The outcomes reported an overall large significant treatment effect size (d = 0.977, 95% CI: 0.591, 1.37, p < 0.001), with subgroup analysis revealing large effects for interventions for psychosocial and mental health (g = 1.24, p < 0.001) and self‐wellness (g = 0.903, p = 0.00274). SFBT was also shown to be effective in group settings (d = 1.04, p < 0.001). Results indicated that SFBT was an effective intervention for Iranian populations.
Effect on Pain Following One Session of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Patients With Jaw Myalgia: A Randomised Double‐Blind Controlled Multicentre Pilot Study
Authors: Minston Ava , Abrahamsson Helene , Abrahamsson Peter , Lindfors Erik , Nohlert Eva , Ovesson Daniel , Yekkalam Negin , Isacsson Göran
Published: December 2024

Background

Botulinum toxin Type A (BTX‐A) is increasingly used in the management of myofascial pain; however, the evidence to support this treatment modality is still inconclusive.

Objective

To evaluate the change in days with functional jaw pain after one session of BTX‐A or placebo injections into the masseter and temporalis muscles in subjects with jaw myalgia. The hypothesis was that BTX‐A is effective in reducing the number of days with functional jaw pain.

Methods

This was a randomised, double‐blind, parallel group study in subjects with jaw myalgia. After randomisation, BTX‐A or placebo injections were made in the masseter and temporalis muscles. The number of days with jaw pain on function was evaluated after 2 months. Adverse events were registered.

Results

Twenty‐three subjects were randomly assigned to BTX‐A and 22 to placebo. Between baseline and the 2‐month follow‐up, the number of days with jaw pain at function changed from a median (interquartile range) of 14 (4) to 10.5 (6) days in the BTX‐A group and from 14.0 (1.5) to 14 (5) in the saline group (p < 0.585). Adverse events were mild and transient and similar in the two groups.

Conclusion

A single treatment of BTX‐A injections in the masseter and temporalis muscles was not effective in treating jaw myalgia. However, an adequately powered study might provide sufficient support for efficacy.
Malocclusion Associated With Temporomandibular Joint Anterior Disc Displacement and Condylar Resorption in Adolescents: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Qu Guanlin , Bu Lingtong , Li Xifeng , You Qingling , Luo Yi , Ma Zhigui , Yang Chi
Published: December 2024

Background

Anterior disc displacement (ADD) is the most common type of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and may lead to condylar resorption (CR) during the adolescence period, but the specific malocclusion associated with ADD and CR remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion associated with TMJ ADD and CR in adolescents.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included a clinical examination of adolescent patients aged 11–19 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose both TMJ ADD and CR. Occlusal measurements were obtained and analysed using 3D scanning models.

Results

A total of 242 adolescent patients (53 males and 189 females) underwent TMJ MRI examination and dental occlusion scanning. The prevalence of anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) was higher in females than that in males (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Deep overbite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), while Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with ADDwoR (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Adolescents with excessive overjet and anterior open bite were at a higher risk of CR (OR > 1, p < 0.05), whereas those with deep overbite and individual crossbite had a lower risk of CR (OR < 1, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our study offers valuable insights into the association between deep overbite, posterior scissor bite, Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite, excessive overjet and the ADD and CR in adolescents. Orthodontic treatment for adolescent patients should prioritise the health of the TMJ, particularly for these types of malocclusion.
Adolescents in various contexts during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A commentary
Authors: Ventura Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2024

This commentary provides a reflection on the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on adolescents in the context of family dynamics, school environments, peer relationships, and civic engagement. Drawing from four systematic literature reviews, the commentary highlights key findings, such as the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on adolescent development, mental health, and academic well‐being. The need for future research is emphasized to assess how these cohort effects will evolve over time. Cultural context and socioeconomic disparities emerge as crucial considerations, with the pandemic exacerbating existing inequalities, especially in access to education and digital resources. This commentary also underscores the importance of adopting a socio‐ecological perspective to understand the multifaceted impact of COVID‐19 on adolescents globally. In conclusion, it calls for targeted policies to support adolescents' mental health and academic recovery post‐pandemic, particularly in underserved communities. Governments, educators, and civic organizations are encouraged to create inclusive policies that address these disparities while fostering resilience and well‐being among young people. These reviews may also inform translational research that could aid in the development of evidence‐based interventions and policies aimed at helping adolescents thrive in a post‐pandemic world.
Medical sovereignty in Eritrea: Reducing maternal mortality and challenging global health humanitarianism in Africa
Authors: Asfaha Dina Michael
Published: December 2024

This article examines how Eritrea's realization of Millennium Development Goal 5 (the reduction of maternal mortality) reveals the complex workings of medical sovereignty in sub‐Saharan Africa. Through the case study of Eritrea, I demonstrate how postcolonial African countries might approach structuring their healthcare systems to navigate—and challenge—the neoliberal contours of global health humanitarianism. By analyzing both Eritrea's colonial history and the liberation‐era history of medicine alongside contemporary healthcare policymaking, I trace how racial and gender dynamics shape the reduction of maternal mortality and the pursuit of medical sovereignty more broadly. To engage in this pursuit, African states must negotiate the tensions between autonomous healthcare development and the political constraints of global health humanitarianism.
Association between elementary and middle school children with mixed/foreign parents and influenza vaccination in Japan
Authors: Khin Yu Par , Nawa Nobutoshi , Yamaoka Yui , Owusu Floret Maame , Abe Aya , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: December 2024

Background

The number of children with foreign parents is increasing in Japan; however, the percentage of these children receiving the recommended annual influenza vaccination, which must be paid for voluntarily, may be quite low. Socioeconomic status may influence voluntary vaccination decisions. This study explored the association between elementary and middle school children with mixed (either of the parents was non‐Japanese) /foreign parents (both parents were non‐Japanese) and influenza vaccination in Japan, stratified by household income and maternal education.

Methods

We used combined data from eight cities in the Greater Tokyo area for the period from 2016 to 2019, which included 16,368 elementary and middle school students and their caregivers. Caregivers responded to questions about whether their children received influenza vaccination in the previous year and their foreign‐born status. Multilevel Poisson regression was applied and further stratified by income status and maternal education.

Results

Three hundred ninety‐one children (2.4%) had mixed parents, and 91 (0.6%) had foreign parents. When compared with Japanese children, children with mixed (incidence risk ratio, IRR: 0.80, confidence Interval, CI: 0.71, 0.90) and foreign parents (IRR: 0.70, CI: 0.56, 0.88) were less likely to receive influenza vaccination. After stratification, children with mixed/foreign parents were less likely to receive influenza vaccination than Japanese children only in households with high income and maternal education.

Conclusions

Children with mixed and foreign parents, especially in households with high socioeconomic status, had lower influenza vaccine coverage than Japanese children.
Solving a Singular Limit Problem Arising With Euler–Korteweg Dispersive Waves
Authors: Didierlaurent Quentin , Favrie Nicolas , Lombard Bruno
Published: December 2024

Phase transition in compressible flows involves capillarity effects, described by the Euler–Korteweg (EK) equations with nonconvex equation of state. Far from phase transition, that is, in the two convex parts of the equation of state, the dispersion terms vanish and one should recover the hyperbolic Euler equations of fluid dynamics. However, the solution of EK equations does not converge toward the solution of Euler equations when dispersion tends toward zero while being nonnull: it is a singular limit problem. To avoid this issue in the case of convex equation of state, a Navier–Stokes–Korteweg (NSK) model is considered, whose viscosity is chosen to counterbalance exactly the dispersive terms. In the limit of small viscosity and small dispersion, the Euler model is recovered. Numerically, an extended Lagrangian method is used to integrate the NSK equations so obtained. Doing so allows to use classical numerical schemes of Godunov type with source term. Numerical results for a Riemann problem illustrate the convergence properties with vanishing dispersion.
Electrophoretic fractionations of lipoproteins in dogs: Intra‐ and inter‐assay imprecision and effects of different storage conditions
Authors: Paltrinieri Saverio , Rossi Gabriele , Giordano Alessia
Published: December 2024

Background

Lipoprotein fractions are reported to be unstable in stored human samples, and there is a paucity of information on the analytical precision of electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins in canine serum samples.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intra‐ and inter‐assay imprecision and of storage conditions on the electrophoretic separation of canine lipoproteins.

Methods

Imprecision was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV) of five replicates of six serum samples run in two sequential runs of agarose gel lipoprotein electrophoresis. The effect of storage was assessed with a Friedmann test by comparing the results of samples analyzed after sampling (T0) and after 24 and 48 h at room temperature or stored at 4°C and after 7, 14, 21 days, 1, 2, and 3 months at −20°C or at −80°C. Moreover, electrophoretograms obtained after storage were visually analyzed by two observers in a blind manner to assess whether storage alters the electrophoretic profile.

Results

The imprecision of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL), low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), and chylomicrons were respectively 0.8%–11.5%, 2.4%–22.7%, 2.3%–11.5%, and 12.5%–105.2%. Compared with T0, HDL significantly decreased, and LDL significantly increased over time in all the storage conditions, whereas VLDL significantly increased only in frozen samples, and chylomicrons did not significantly differ. In frozen samples, deviations from baseline values were lower than the imprecision of the method, and visual misclassifications of electrophoretograms were rare.

Conclusions

Despite minimal variation in the percentage of some fractions, freezing does not influence the interpretation of canine lipidograms.
Recent Advancements in Microfluidic Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting Devices
Authors: Jamrus Muhammad Asyraf , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been significant advancement in the creation of microfluidic devices for sorting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has transformed the field of cancer diagnosis. This study offers a thorough examination of the most recent developments in microfluidic technology created for accurate and effective isolation of CTCs from intricate biological materials. The integration of active and passive techniques on microfluidic systems has resulted in advancements in sensitivity, specificity, and therapeutic relevance. Advanced methods like acoustofluidic and microfluidic dielectrophoresis can be used for specific capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), while simpler approaches such as size-based filtering and deterministic lateral displacement are suitable for various sample types. Hybrid methods, which blend the advantages of active and passive principles, have become a potential strategy for enhancing CTC isolation efficiency. These advancements have far-reaching implications for liquid biopsy applications, making it easier to monitor cancer progression, detect it early, and evaluate responses to treatment without intrusive procedures.
Innovative Synergistic Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Scheduling Optimization in Mobile Robots
Authors: Wu Mingyu , LIM CHUN LEONG , Su Eileen Lee Ming , Yeong Che Fai , Dong Bowen , Holderbaum William
Published: December 2024

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are crucial in modern manufacturing for automating material handling and transportation. However, optimizing their task scheduling is challenging due to conflicting objectives like minimizing makespan and reducing energy consumption. Traditional algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) often yield suboptimal results. This study proposes an innovative Synergistic GA-PSO algorithm that combines the exploratory capabilities of GA with the fast convergence of PSO. Experiments conducted in MATLAB demonstrate that the Synergistic GA-PSO algorithm consistently outperforms GA, PSO, and ACO, especially in complex environments, by enhancing scheduling accuracy, reducing idle intervals, and lowering energy consumption.
Effect of Hydrochloric Acid Concentration and Immersion Duration on Porous Paper Formation
Authors: GAN SHIN PYNG  , Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin
Published: December 2024

Paper, consisting of intertwining cellulose fibers, possesses a porous nature that allows liquids to penetrate and stay within its structure. This natural porosity is vital for paper's ability to absorb substances, forming the foundation of porous paper. Porous paper, which has many interconnected void spaces, is essential for breathability, filtration, and absorption in various industries, including printing, biomedical applications, sensors, and filtration. This study explores the effects of varying concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and immersion times on the fabrication of porous paper, aiming to identify optimal conditions for achieving desired porosity levels. The experimental setup involved immersing paper samples in HCl solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 M, with immersion times ranging from 30 to 180 seconds for each concentration level. The paper samples were then assessed for surface characteristics, porosity, and absorption capabilities. The results demonstrate that higher concentrations of HCl and longer immersion times generally cause the paper’s porosity to increase. However, it is noted that excessive acid concentration or prolonged immersion can compromise paper structure. The study identifies specific HCl concentrations and immersion times that optimize porosity while maintaining structural strength, which is critical for applications requiring controlled release, absorption, and filtration.
Comparison between Solar-Powered and Diesel-Driven Water Pumping Systems for Oil-Palm Irrigation Plantations
Authors: Mohamed Eldirdiri Ali Khalfallah  , Hussin Siti Maherah , Norzanah Rosmin  , Norazliani Md Sapari  , Madihah Md Rasid  , Amirjan Nawabjan
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study between solar-powered and diesel-driven water pumping systems for irrigating oil palm plantations in the dry regions of Malaysia. The study aims to address the need for sustainable and efficient water pumping systems in these areas, considering the costs and environmental impact associated with traditional diesel-driven systems. The research specifically focuses on evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of solar-powered systems as an alternative to diesel-driven systems in the context of Malaysian oil palm plantations. The study employs the HOMER software to evaluate the feasibility and performance of solar-powered water pumping systems in comparison to conventional diesel-driven systems. The research methodology involves collecting data on oil-palm plantations in dry regions and obtaining relevant meteorological data. Subsequently, solar-powered water pumping systems are modeled and simulated using the HOMER software. A comparative analysis is then conducted, considering factors of electrical and economic performances, to evaluate the feasibility and benefits of solar energy for irrigation in Malaysian oil palm plantations. The findings of the study indicate that the configurations of the system without a battery is the most satisfactory, as it demonstrates decent electrical generation, and economic attractiveness with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17% and a payback period of 5.72 years. Implementing this configuration of the solar-powered water pumping system offers various advantages, including providing adequate water for boosting plantation production, enhancing sustainability, offering environmental benefits, achieving cost savings, and ensuring economic viability. These findings can assist decision-makers in considering the implementation of solar-powered irrigation systems in Malaysian oil palm plantations.
Electromyogram in Fine Motor Training Assessment: A Review
Authors: PM. DR. NORLAILI BINTI MAT SAFRI  , Zakaria Nor Aini , Abdul Razak Mohd Azhar
Published: December 2024

Fine motor skills are essential for daily activities, especially those requiring precision, such as grasping objects or writing. This review explores the role of electromyography (EMG), particularly surface EMG (sEMG), in assessing fine motor skills across various populations, including typically developing children, children with motor disabilities, young adults, and elders. These groups were selected due to their unique challenges and needs in motor skill development and rehabilitation. For instance, young children may require early intervention to address developmental delays, while individuals with motor disabilities, such as those with autism or cerebral palsy, benefit from tailored therapeutic approaches. The elderly population faces age-related motor decline, making EMG a valuable tool for maintaining or improving muscle function in this group. By capturing muscle activation patterns, EMG provides a comprehensive evaluation of muscle engagement during fine motor tasks. The paper also reviews the effectiveness of digital platforms and 3D-printed toys in fine motor training, demonstrating the potential of EMG as a tool for enhancing therapeutic interventions and refining motor assessments. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning may further optimize EMG signal analysis, offering innovative solutions for both clinical and home-based motor skill training.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Media Convergence in the Twenty-first Century: Current Status, Hotspots, and Trends
Authors: Li Caiwei , Ali Mohd. Nor Shahizan , Rizal Ammar Redza Bin Ahmad , Xu Jingwen
Published: December 2024

Media convergence has transformed how people access information and interact with technology, obscuring the lines between traditional and digital media while reshaping societal communication and cognitive frameworks. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 274 academic papers published between 2000 and 2024, focusing on the keyword "media convergence." Using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, we examined the research landscape, including publication volume, source journals, research areas, countries, affiliations, and authors. Keyword co-occurrence, clustering, and emergence analysis revealed five primary research areas: (i) Media Convergence and Journalism Studies; (ii) Digital and Social Media Studies; (iii) Internet and Online Interaction Studies; (iv) Cultural and Regional Studies; and (v) Entertainment Studies. The development of media convergence research was categorized into three phases: (i) an initial focus on core communication theories and the emergence of new media (2000–2009); (ii) the integration of new media and traditional journalism driven by widespread Internet adoption (2010–2018); and (iii) recent explorations of cross-platform communication and artificial intelligence (2019–2024). This study offers valuable insights into the evolution of media convergence research and outlines potential future directions, providing a foundation for further comprehensive investigations.
Linear Fresnel Reflector Power Plants in Algeria: Energy, Economic, and Environmental Analysis
Authors: Ghodbane Mokhtar , Boumeddane Boussad , Hussain Fayaz , El-Amarty Naima , Lahrech Khadija , Barbón Arsenio
Published: December 2024

The Algerian government seeks to provide all the resources available to it to exploit every available energy source in all Algerian provinces. Accordingly, this paper aims to present an energy, economic, and environmental study of linear Fresnel reflector solar power plants using the system advisor model in four strategic Algerian regions (Ain Aménas, Gassi-Touil, Hassi R’mel, and El-Oued). The studied solar power plants can produce between 318.75 GWe and 379.29 GWe annually at a levelized cost of electricity ranging between 0.093 $/kWh and 0.11 $/kWh. In addition, the annual avoided CO2 emissions are between 143.41 kt and 170.87 kt, equivalent to 0.473 kg CO2/1 kWh of electricity, meaning that environmental tax savings will range between 2.08 and 2.48 million dollars annually. The results obtained are very encouraging for decision-makers and investors, as the net capital investment (between 642.67 and 642.82 million dollars) can be recovered in less than 10.2 years, with the power plant capable of operating for 25 consecutive years.
Ag polycrystal and monocrystal by high sensitivity-low energy ion scattering
Authors: Staněk Jan , Průša Stanislav , Strapko Tomáš , Šikola Tomáš
Published: December 2024

Low energy ion scattering is a qualitative and quantitative surface analysis technique. Its supreme surface sensitivity and straightforward quantification (using a well-defined reference) make it a convenient tool for the study of surface composition and a useful method for surface characterization in cooperation with other surface analysis methods such as XPS and SIMS. Silver (100) monocrystal was analyzed by the primary beam of helium ions. The wide energy range from 1.0 to 4.5 keV covers three distinguished regions. On the low energy side, the charge exchange processes are dominated by Auger neutralization (AN), while collision-induced (CI) processes rule a high energy range. Both mechanisms are mixed in the intermediate region between 1.2 and 2.1 keV (for perpendicular incidence and 145° scattering geometry). The results can serve both as a reference and as an insight into neutralization probability changes (as dependence on primary energy). The neutralization strength is reflected by the characteristic velocity. It was evaluated for AN and CI regions to 0.75 × 105 and 0.38 × 105 ms−1, respectively. The CI reionization energy threshold is around 1700 eV for both Ag (100) and polycrystalline Ag. The reference measurement on polycrystalline copper relates the presented data to those received by other Qtac100 instruments with different sensitivities.
Trajectories of breast density change over time and subsequent breast cancer risk: longitudinal study
Authors: Park Boyoung , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Tran Thi Xuan Mai
Published: December 2024

Objective

To identify clusters of women with similar trajectories of breast density change over four longitudinal assessments and to examine the association between these trajectories and the subsequent risk of breast cancer.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Data from the national breast cancer screening programme, which is embedded in the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea. Breast density was assessed using the four category Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification. Group based trajectory modelling was performed to identify the trajectories of breast density.

Participants

Women aged ≥40 years who underwent four biennial mammographic screenings between 2009 and 2016.

Main outcome measures

Breast cancer development was determined to 31 December 2021. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the associations between trajectories and breast cancer outcomes after adjusting for covariates.

Results

Among a cohort of 1 747 507 women (mean age 61.4 years), five breast density trajectory groups were identified. Group 1 included women with persistently fatty breast tissue, group 2 included women with fatty breast tissue at baseline but increased breast density over time, and groups 3-5 included women with denser breasts, with a slight decrease in density over time. Women in group 2 had a 1.60-fold (95% confidence interval 1.49 to 1.72) increased risk of breast cancer compared with those in group 1. Women in groups 3-5 had higher risks compared with those in group 1, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.86 (1.74 to 1.98), 2.49 (2.33 to 2.65), and 3.07 (2.87 to 3.28), respectively. Similar results were observed across different age groups, regardless of changes in menopausal status or body mass index.

Conclusions

This study identified five distinct groups of women with similar trajectories of breast density change over time. Future risk of breast cancer was found to vary in these groups. Increasingly dense or persistently dense breasts were associated with a higher risk. Changes in breast density over time should be carefully considered during breast cancer risk stratification and incorporated into future risk models.
Pulse oximetry and oxygen services for under-five children with community-acquired pneumonia attending primary and secondary level health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria (INSPIRING-Lagos): a pre-implementation and post implementation study
Authors: Colbourn Tim , Falade Adegoke G , Graham Hamish R , Olojede Omotayo Emmanuel , Bakare Ayobami Adebayo , Beard James , McCollum Eric D , Iuliano Agnese , Isah Adamu , Osebi Adams , Seriki Ibrahim , Haruna Ibrahim , Ahmed Tahlil , Ahmar Samy , Valentine Paula , Olowookere Temitayo Folorunso , Uchendu Obioma C , Burgess Rochelle Ann , King Carina
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Childhood pneumonia is a leading cause of child mortality in Nigeria and poor quality of care is a persistent issue. We aimed to understand whether introducing primary care stabilisation rooms equipped with pulse oximetry and oxygen systems alongside healthcare worker (HCW) training improved the quality of care for children with pneumonia in Lagos State.

Methods

Setting: Ikorodu local government area, Lagos.Population: children aged 0–59 months with clinically diagnosed pneumonia.Intervention: establishment of ‘stabilisation rooms’ within government (n=7) and private (n=7) primary care facilities, designed for short-term oxygen delivery for hypoxaemic children prior to hospital transfer, alongside HCW training on integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI), pulse oximetry and oxygen therapy. Two secondary facilities with inpatient oxygen systems received training and pulse oximeters.Primary outcome: composite ‘correct management’ of hypoxaemic pneumonia including oxygen therapy administration, referral and admission to hospital.Analysis: mixed-effects logistic regression comparing baseline (September 2020–August 2021) and implementation (September 2021–November 2022) periods, adjusted for clustering by facility.

Results

We screened 20 158 children, of which 160 children with hypoxaemic pneumonia (SpO2<90%) were recruited. The proportion of hypoxaemic children with ‘correct management’ remained low and unchanged: 9/98 (9%) with data on referral and admission at baseline, and 6/52 (12%) during implementation (mixed effects logistic regression adjusted OR (aOR): 1.17 (95% CI 0.30, 4.52), p=0.822). Oxygen use for children with hypoxaemia increased from baseline 10/105 (10%) to 13/55 (24%) during implementation (aOR 3.01 (95% CI 1.05, 8.65), p=0.040). But subsequent referral and hospital admission remained low. Low pulse oximetry use by health workers in children with clinical pneumonia persisted through baseline (73/798, 9%) and implementation (122/1125, 11%).

Conclusion

Equipping primary care stabilisation rooms with pulse oximetry and oxygen increased oxygen use for children with hypoxaemia but did not improve referral or hospital admission rates. Persistent failure to assess children with pulse oximetry likely contributed to under-recognition of hypoxaemia and therefore failure to initiate correct care. Further work to improve initial triage, assessment and treatment of children with severe pneumonia in Lagos is urgently needed.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12621001071819.
Understanding pulse oximetry adoption in primary healthcare facilities in Nigeria: a realist process evaluation of the INSPIRING-Lagos stabilisation room project
Authors: Olojede Omotayo Emmanuel , Falade Adegoke G , Bakare Ayobami Adebayo , McCollum Eric D , Iuliano Agnese , Isah Adamu , Osebi Adams , Ahmar Samy , Valentine Paula , Olowookere Temitayo Folorunso , MacCalla Matt , Burgess Rochelle Anne , Colbourn Tim , King Carina , Graham Hamish R
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Integrated Sustainable Childhood Pneumonia and Infectious diseases Reduction in Nigeria-Lagos project introduced pulse oximetry and oxygen as part of a ‘stabilisation room’ intervention in primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Lagos state, Nigeria. However, impact evaluation found minimal effects on treatment and referral practices for children with pneumonia, largely attributed to persistently low pulse oximetry use. We aimed to understand how the stabilisation room intervention worked (or did not work) to improve pulse oximetry practices, for whom, and in what contexts.

Methods

We conducted a preplanned mixed-methods realist evaluation. We used an initial programme theory to guide data collection and analysis, focusing on pulse oximetry adoption. We described oximetry adoption using quantitative data from the impact evaluation, then used training observations, monitoring data, quarterly site reports and qualitative interviews with purposefully selected healthcare workers (HCWs) to explore how pulse oximetry was perceived and adopted. We used inductive content analysis, iteratively triangulating emerging themes with process data to generate and test theories.

Results

We identified four inter-related themes explaining low adoption of pulse oximetry for children in this setting: (1) In contexts of frequent staff turnover and competing demands, oximetry training was desired, appreciated and may have increased HCW knowledge and skills, but largely failed to reach frontline HCWs. (2) Pulse oximetry was not perceived as a usual part of PHC practice. HCWs relied on external motivation to adopt a fundamentally new practice, seeing it as extra work and getting easily discouraged without external supervision or strong local leadership. (3) Without institutional norms and expectations regarding pulse oximetry, HCWs needed to be convinced they were capable (self-efficacy) and would typically only use pulse oximetry selectively. (4) Technical challenges and faulty equipment, in the absence of confident and accessible troubleshooters, were demotivating and discouraging to users.

Conclusion

Implementation of pulse oximetry for children in primary care facilities requires clarity on the intended role of oximetry in primary care, clear normative guidance and close support and supervision during the early adoption phase.
Real-world multicentre cohort study on choices and effectiveness of immunotherapies in NMOSD and MOGAD
Authors: Häußler Vivien , Trebst Corinna , Engels Daniel , Pellkofer Hanna , Havla Joachim , Duchow Ankelien , Schindler Patrick , Schwake Carolin , Pakeerathan Thivya , Fischer Katinka , Ringelstein Marius , Lindenblatt Gero , Hümmert Martin W , Tkachenko Daria , Bütow Franziska , Giglhuber Katrin , Flaskamp Martina , Schiffmann Insa , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Jarius Sven , Dawin Eva , Revie Lisa , Senel Makbule , Herfurth Mariella , Walter Annette , Pompsch Mosche , Kleiter Ingo , Angstwurm Klemens , Kaste Matthias , Grothe Matthias , Wickel Jonathan , Rommer Paulus Stefan , Sieb Jörn Peter , Krämer Markus , Then Bergh Florian , Tumani Hayrettin , Klotz Luisa , Wildemann Brigitte , Aktas Orhan , Ayzenberg Ilya , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Paul Friedemann , Kümpfel Tania , Friede Tim , Berthele Achim , Stellmann Jan-Patrick
Published: December 2024

Background

Recurrent attacks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) can lead to severe disability. We aimed to analyse the real-world use of immunotherapies in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD, focusing on changes in treatment strategies, effects on attack rates (ARR) and risk factors for attacks.

Methods

This longitudinal registry-based cohort study included 493 patients (320 with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) seropositive NMOSD (65%), 44 with AQP4-IgG seronegative NMOSD (9%) and 129 MOGAD (26%)) with 1247 treatments from 19 German and one Austrian centre from the registry of the neuromyelitis optica study group (NEMOS). We analysed unadjusted ARR and implemented survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression to assess efficiency and risk factors for subsequent attacks over time.

Results

Rituximab and azathioprine are the most widely used immunotherapies in NMOSD as well as in MOGAD, with changes in distribution over the last decade. Immunotherapy demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in NMOSD but less pronounced effects in MOGAD. Risk factors for attacks included younger age and prior attacks under the same therapy. Efficacy varied among the different immunotherapies, with azathioprine, rituximab and eculizumab showing significant risk reductions in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into the evolving treatment landscape and effectiveness of immunotherapies in NMOSD and MOGAD. Established off-label therapies continue to play an important role, especially for patients with stable disease, with emerging evidence supporting newly approved therapies. Future studies are needed to refine treatment algorithms and address the ongoing uncertainties in MOGAD management.
Eradication of commercial tobacco related disease and death
Authors: Maddox Raglan , Telford Rohan M , Waa Andrew , Diaz Abbey , Bradbrook Shane Kawenata , Calma Tom , Whop Lisa J
Published: December 2024

The eradication of the commercial tobacco industry is a crucial goal for health and well-being, particularly from a public health and health justice perspective. The term ‘eradication’ is applied in epidemiology to mean the process and outcome of elimination of the—commercial tobacco industry as a human-made—agent of disease and death. In this commentary, we outline why the eradication of the tobacco industry is necessary, urgent and realistic.

The potential impact of eradication of the industry is substantial. Without the industry and the commercial tobacco that it produces, it is expected that globally over 22 000 lives will be saved daily (over 8 million annually), and life expectancy will increase. The human right to health underscores the need for tobacco industry accountability for the harms it causes and given the enormous human and financial costs, it is time for action towards eradication of the industry.

The tobacco industry’s opposition to tobacco control, particularly strategies focused on market supply and industry reform, has been fierce. Their strategies have involved circumventing, attacking and undermining public health measures to preserve profits. However, with insights learnt from over 70 years of incremental successes in reducing commercial tobacco use, we know that through comprehensive and locally tailored eradication strategies involving legislation, regulation and public health initiatives across multiple levels of governments, we can overcome the resistance from the tobacco industry and their affiliates. Given the cost of commercial tobacco and the ever-growing global consensus on its harms, the time to act is now.