bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desenhos e fotografias: marcas sociais de infâncias
Authors: Gobbi Marcia
Published: April 2012

O presente artigo discute desenhos de crianças pertencentes à primeira infância. Nesta abordagem, desenhos e fotografias são concebidos como formas expressivas e apresentados como fontes documentais importantes para conhecermos diversos aspectos da infância brasileira, bem como suas criações, ao mesmo tempo em que procura suscitar a circulação de ideias sobre criança, infância e suas inventividades, circunscritas a um determinado período de nossa história e cultura.
Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum
Authors: Daniel João Luiz Pratti , Resende Júnior João Chrysostomo de
Published: April 2012

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.
Ofertas de trabalho na Web para os profissionais brasileiros da informação-documentação: análise das competências e habilidades exigidas pelas empresas e instituições
Authors: Gonzalez José Antonio Moreiro , Vergueiro Waldomiro
Published: April 2012

Analisam-se as características de ofertas de emprego do setor da Informação-Documentação. A mostra foi obtida de anúncios na Internet, feitos por empresas e instituições privadas brasileiras, durante o ano de 2010. A atividade foi realizada no âmbito de pesquisa maior, que tem como objetivo geral construir uma taxonomia que classifique e hierarquize as competências e conhecimentos exigidos pelas empresas, bem como as características dos postos oferecidos. Extraiu-se a informação de 200 ofertas de emprego obtidas nos portais Catho e Portal do bibliotecário. Cada entrada foi mantida em seu contexto de incidência e com a expressão original. Os termos obtidos passaram por um processo de normalização. A análise busca classificar e valorar as atividades, conhecimentos e tarefas mais solicitados, bem como as aptidões, competências e habilidades, além das incidências das unidades e dos profissionais de informação.
Aspectos econômicos da produção de bovinos de corte
Authors: Araújo Hilda Silva , Sabbag Omar Jorge , Lima Bruno Tadeu Marotta , Andrighetto Cristiana , Ruiz Urbano dos Santos
Published: April 2012

O Brasil ocupa as posições de maior produtor e exportador mundial de carne bovina, com a região Centro-Oeste respondendo por 35% do abate nacional, em 2010. Entretanto, faz-se necessário valorizar o planejamento, o controle e a gestão empresarial nas propriedades produtoras, visando ao lucro na atividade. O presente estudo objetivou analisar e avaliar a viabilidade econômica da produção de bovinos de corte, em Camapuã (MS), a fim de identificar os itens relevantes aos custos da atividade. Como direcionador dos custos variáveis, no custo operacional efetivo, o suplemento mineral fornecido aos animais e a mão de obra mostraram-se relevantes para a gestão do sistema de produção, representando, aproximadamente, 71% dos custos. Com base nos resultados apresentados, pôde-se concluir que a propriedade apresenta boa lucratividade (superior a 20%). Verificou-se, ainda, com base no fluxo de caixa, taxa interna de retorno de 13,13% e capital inicial investido retornando em, aproximadamente, 7 anos, com resultados atrativos para o investimento, neste segmento agropecuário. O estudo proporcionou um parâmetro de custo para o produtor pecuarista, podendo contribuir para um melhor planejamento de atividades, em que, apesar dos altos investimentos iniciais, possivelmente, poderá reduzir seus custos, com o manejo racional no sistema produtivo, o que seria mais atrativo para o mercado, tornando mais viáveis as suas atividades de produção e comercialização do produto.
O Army Method e o desenvolvimento da Linguística Aplicada nos Estados Unidos
Authors: Luna José Marcelo
Published: April 2012

Este artigo deriva de pesquisa historiográfica sobre o ensino de português nos Estados Unidos durante os anos 40, 50 e 60 do século 20. Baseado em fontes primárias, como livros, períódicos e jornais da época, o trabalho apresenta objetivamente a relação do Army Specialized Training Program, que se tornou conhecido como Army Method, com o desenvolvimento da Linguística Aplicada ao ensino de línguas estrangeiras nos Estados Unidos.
Narrativas de uma portuguesa vivendo no Brasil: algumas considerações sobre suas experiências interculturais
Authors: Oliveira Hélvio Frank de
Published: April 2012

Este estudo de caso busca analisar, com base em narrativas orais de uma estudante de origem portuguesa do curso de Letras, a construção de sua(s) identidade(s), incluindo aspectos educacionais, culturais, pessoais, ao contar sua história de vida e experiências relacionadas à vivência no contexto brasileiro. Os resultados sinalizam a inexistência de unicidade linguística entre falantes brasileiros e portugueses, evidenciando a complexidade do sistema língua-cultura. Nele, a participante constrói referências para representações surgidas após o contato com o(s) outro(s). Essa dinâmica molda sua(s) identidade(s), marcando a(s) diferença(s) e oferecendo preciosos indícios para a compreensão de influências sociais, linguísticas e culturais relacionadas à vida da estudante.
Noções de coesão textual na produção escrita de formandos do curso de Letras
Authors: Paula Orlando de
Published: April 2012

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar como se manifesta o conceito de coesão textual na produção escrita de formandos do curso de Letras. O corpus sob análise é constituído de 210 textos de alunos de universidades públicas e particulares do Brasil ao responderem à questão de Linguística e Língua Portuguesa da prova do Exame Nacional de Cursos de 2001. Apoia-se, para tanto, no conceito de interacionismo dialógico de Bakhtin e no conceito de heterogeneidade(s) enunciativa(s) de Authier-Revuz, partindo do pressuposto de que o discurso desses acadêmicos se realiza por sujeitos constituídos social e historicamente. De acordo com os resultados, as formas de manifestação de noções de coesão textual ocorrem por meio de marcas relacionadas com o conceito de heterogeneidade mostrada marcada e não marcada com ancoragem em uma concepção tradicional de linguagem.
Enunciação e autoria via comunicação alternativa e interlocução mediadora
Authors: Freitas Ana Beatriz Machado de
Published: April 2012

A comunicação denominada alternativa e / ou ampliada compõe-se de recursos de tecnologia assistiva que possibilitam expressão ou ampliação da capacidade comunicativa a pessoas que apresentam comprometimento significativo na linguagem verbal. Entretanto, a comunicação estabelecida nem sempre transcende o responder funcional sob limitado repertório. O artigo discorre sobre linguagem e sujeito da enunciação, suas relações com o desenvolvimento da autoria e implicações na constituição subjetiva de sujeitos não falantes. Fundamenta-se em princípios das abordagens enunciativo-discursiva, de Bakhtin, e histórico-cultural do desenvolvimento humano. Salienta-se o papel e a responsabilidade do mediador, seja quando, por sua interlocução, favorece o ampliar da comunicação significativa e autora, seja, contrariamente, quando restringe essas possibilidades.
Aplicação da semântica das condições de verdade à redação das definições nos dicionários semasiológicos
Authors: Farias Virginia Sita
Published: April 2012

Uma teoria da definição lexicográfica deve estar amparada em três parâmetros: (1) uma taxonomia de paráfrases definidoras, (2) um padrão sintático e (3) um modelo semântico. Este trabalho trata do terceiro parâmetro. O estudo analisa a aplicação da semântica das condições de verdade à redação das definições lexicográficas, tendo em vista: (a) avaliar as contribuições desse modelo teórico para a elucidação do significado das unidades léxicas; e (b) determinar seus limites em relação à redação das paráfrases definidoras.
Olefin metathesis for the functionalization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Salinas B. , Ruiz-Cabello J. , Morales M. P. , Herranz F.
Published: April 2012

The functionalization of iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NP) is one of the most active research fields due to the necessity of robust and, particularly, reproducible methods for the attachment of new biomolecules on the surface. Olefin metathesis offers many of these features, thanks to the new family of catalysts, especially Hoveyda-Grubbs second generation. Iron oxide NP were synthesized by the decomposition of organic precursors obtaining hydrophobic Fe3O4 NP with oleic acid as surfactant. These NP have been functionalized by the use of olefin metathesis reaction with different ligands. The metathesis was performed between the double bond in oleic acid structure and four different molecules with a terminal olefin, methyl acrylate, 6-hexenenitrile, allyltrifluoroacetate and 3-allyloxy-1,2-propandiol, in presence of the catalyst. These new NPs were fully characterized showing the success of the functionalization, small hydrodynamic size, narrow size distribution, and stability in water. This proof of concept opens a new way for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds on the surface of NP for biomedical applications.
Using value networks to boost construction performance
Authors: Meggitt David , Sarri Christie , Evans Lilly
Published: April 2012

Civil engineers have a systems approach to model the behaviour of designed facilities and an appreciation of the complexity of the natural environment. Yet many construction clients and implementation teams are constrained by management principles derived by nineteenth century industrialists, which hinder the release of co-creativity required to deliver complicated infrastructures. This paper outlines and appraises the ‘value network approach’ as a way for the industry to overcome these restrictions. It presents other case studies from other industries that show how the ingenuity to conceive, create and manage novel organisations can lead to a step change in project and programme performance.
Time for the UK construction industry to become Lean
Authors: Sadreddini Amir
Published: April 2012

In the current economic climate the UK construction industry needs to start with a blank canvas and rethink its strategy in order to become more innovative, efficient and effective. This paper identifies the current state of the industry and establishes a method for eliminating waste and improving efficiency. Adoption of a ‘Lean’ culture will enable the industry to become more innovative and deliver better value for money. Lean is a proven technique that eliminates non-value activities and enhances those that do add value, thus providing more efficient and costeffective solutions.
Paying less for pavements
Authors: Barker Edwin , Hunter Alistair , Sinhal Ramesh
Published: April 2012

The poor state of UK public finances has forced a re-examination of expenditure across most transport-related areas and the Highways Agency has been tasked with delivering ‘more for less’ across all areas of its business. This paper describes the process for delivering savings on pavement assets, from expenditure analyses through to implementation of ‘quick-win’ efficiency measures. It deals with the difficulties in forming reliable cost benchmarks, identifying real cost-saving opportunities, risks and benefits realisation. This work is a small component of a much wider asset management programme that is concerned with continual cost efficiency and best value, delivered through applying the right intervention at the right time. Examples of the initiatives being adopted included targeted maintenance techniques, ultra-thin surfacing, less conservative designs and improved project delivery.
Temporal and hierarchical spatial components of animal occurrence: conserving seasonal habitat for greater sage‐grouse
Authors: Dzialak Matthew R. , Olson Chad V. , Harju Seth M. , Webb Stephen L. , Winstead Jeffrey B.
Published: April 2012

Developing strategies for sustainable management of landscapes requires research that bridges regionally important ecological and socioeconomic issues, and that aims to provide solutions to sustainability problems. We integrated Global Positioning Systems (GPS) telemetry and statistical modeling to quantify hierarchical spatial and temporal components of occurrence among greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus;n= 87), a species of conservation concern, with the larger goal of developing spatially‐explicit guidance for conservation of important winter habitat in a Wyoming, USA landscape undergoing development for energy resources. The pattern of occurrence at the landscape level (second‐order) and within seasonal use areas (third‐order) included selection for shrub vegetation with a prominent sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) component, and avoidance of rough terrain, mesic areas, and human activity. A change in resource selection behavior across the diel cycle was not an apparent component of the higher‐order selection process; however, at the finer scale of investigation sage‐grouse shifted behavior across the diel cycle in ways likely related to risk aversion or maintaining a favorable thermal environment (i.e., day‐time‐only avoidance of natural gas wells and night‐time‐only selection for taller shrubs). At both spatial scales there was considerably more variation among individuals in the sign of their association with anthropogenic features than with vegetation and terrain. The final spatially‐explicit model, which depicted lower‐order selection (local, patch‐level, and seasonal use area) across the diel cycle constrained by selection processes at a higher order (second‐order), validated well, offering specific guidance for managing human activity and sage‐grouse conservation in the study area, and general guidance in developing sustainable landscape management strategies when animal occurrence reflects multiple spatial and temporal processes.
Climate change and the water sector in Europe: a review of research and technology development needs
Authors: Escaler I. , Cabello A. , Campos C. , Lesjean B. , Hervé-Bazin C. , Velasco M.
Published: April 2012

The Water supply and sanitation Technology Platform (WssTP) was initiated by the European Commission in 2004. It is led by industries in collaboration with academics, research organisations and water users to help structure the European Research Area and identify R&D needs for the water sector. In December 2008, the board of the WssTP identified the need to create a Task Force on Climate Change in order to build a working group focused on the issue and able to assist the EU Commission in the related Calls for Projects. The Task Force on Climate Change did a review on the research and technology development (RTD) needs related to each of the WssTP topics, highlighting the challenges they will face in a climate change context. This paper is based on the review carried out and presents its main conclusions. The RTD topics identified involve a broad range of expertise areas and can be divided into two main groups: mitigation and adaptation. The latter will be brought to the fore in this paper.
Navigated Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty - Medium-Term Clinical and Radiological Results§
Authors: Schüttrumpf Jan P , Balcarek Peter , Sehmisch Stephan , Frosch Stephan , Wachowski Martin M , Stürmer Klaus M , Walde Hans-Joachim , Walde Tim A
Published: April 2012

Purpose:

The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the medium-term clinical and radiological results after navigated cementless implantation, without patella resurfacing, of a total knee endoprosthesis with tibial and femoral press-fit components, with a focus on survival rate and clinical outcome. The innovation is the non-cemented fixation together with the use of a navigation system.

Scope and Methods:

Sixty patients with gonarthrosis were included consecutively in this study. In all cases, the cementless Columbus total knee endoprosthesis with a coating out of pure titanium was implanted, using a navigation system. The Knee Society Score showed a statistically significant increase from 75 (± 21.26) before surgery to 180 (± 16.15) after a mean follow-up of 5.6 (± 0.25) years. The last radiological examination revealed no osteolysis. No radiolucent lines were seen at any time in the area of the femoral prosthetic components. In the tibial area, radiolucent lines were seen in 24.4 % of the cases, mostly in the distal uncoated part of the stem. During follow-up, no prosthesis had to be replaced because of aseptic loosening while in 2 cases revision surgery was necessary due to septic loosening and in 1 case due to unexplainable pain.

Results and Conclusions:

Navigated cementless implantation of the Columbus total knee endoprosthesis yielded good clinical and radiological results in the medium term. The excellent radiological osteointegration of the prosthetic components, coated with a microporous pure titanium layer and implanted with a press-fit technique, should be emphasized.
Deep desulphurization of gas oil and model compounds by anatase nanocomposite sandwich type polyoxometalate as a novel, reusable and green nano mercaptan scavenger
Authors: Shojaei Fallah , Rezvani Ali , Zonoz Farokhzad
Published: April 2012

Oxidative desulphurization of gas oil and model compounds that exist in gas
oil with hydrogen peroxide/acetic acid using nanoparticle
(Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4(Br)2O68]-TiO2 ((Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4]-TiO2) as a nano
scavenger has been studied. This sandwich-type nanoparticle was shown be
able to scavenge hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans with high yield. The
addition of acetic acid enhanced the conversion. This system provides an
efficient, convenient and practical method for scavenging of sulphur
compound. The (Bu4N)7H3[P2W18Cd4]-TiO2 nanoparticle was very active catalyst
system for the model compound oxidation, while other polyoxometalate systems
were much less active.
Surgical treatment of invasive vulvar cancer
Authors: Pantelic Milos , Djurdjevic Srdjan , Nikolic Dragan , Maksimovic Marko
Published: April 2012

This paper presents the surgical treatment of invasive cancer of the vulva at
the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Novi Sad in the period from
2000 to 2010. Forty-one patients underwent different surgical procedures
depending on their stage of the disease, age and general physical condition
assessed according to the International Federation of Gynecologists and
Obstetricians: wide excision to the healthy area with negative edges of 10
mm, simplex - radical vulvectomy or hemivulvectomy, block dissection of the
vulva by Way, one-sided or bilateral lymphadenectomy and skin-muscle flap to
cover the resulting skin defects. The number of removed lymph nodes on one
side ranged from 8 to 19, the average being 12.6. Various postoperative
complications (inflammation and wound dehiscence, lymphorrhoea, lymphocyst
and limb lymphedema) developed in 9 (21.9%) and the local regional recurrence
was recorded in 7 (17%) patients. The outcome was lethal in 4 (9.8%)
surgically treated women. The primary surgical procedure is always
individually planned and the choice of individual plans depends on three main
factors: the size and position of the primary tumor in relation to the center
line of the vulva (clitoral area - anus) and the involvement of regional
lymph nodes. In order to reduce the psychosexual morbidity the preference is
nowadays widely given to the local excision with adequate and
histopathologically confirmed negative edges of the tumor together with
determining the presence of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes.
Awareness detection in anaesthesia during otorhino-maxillofacial surgery using bispectral index - monitoring technology
Authors: Radosic Nadezda , Kastratovic Dragana , Tomic Snjezana , Terzic Milica , Markovic Srdjan , Milakovic Branko
Published: April 2012

Introduction. Awareness is characterized by intraoperative presence of
consciousness and recollecting of the events occurring during general
anaesthesia. The study was aimed at detecting awareness during general
anaesthesia in otorhino-maxillofacial procedure. Methods. The study is a part
of a prospective, phase IV, academic study carried out at the Department for
Otorhinolaringology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, and Maxillofacial Surgery.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Clinical Centre of
Serbia and performed in accordance with European Union Clinical Trials
Directive. The evaluation included 40 patients (T-propofol and Esevofluran
group) subjected to different surgical procedures (American Society of
Anesthesiologists I-III). Depth of anaesthesia was monitored during surgical
procedures according to the hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, pulse,
oxygen saturation, electrocardiography, capnometry). Bispectral index
monitoring was applied; however, the insight into the obtained bispectral
index values was possible only after the completion of the surgery when the
comparison with hemodynamic values was performed. Modified Brice interview
was postoperatively applied to the patients in whom awareness was suspected.
Results. Based on the hemodynamic parameter values obtained in 40
anesthetized patients, no cases of awareness were expected. After the
completion of the surgical procedures, the recorded graphic and numeric
bispectral index values obtained in the course of anaesthesia were analyzed.
Higher bispectral index values (BIS > 60) were recorded in 1 T-group patient.
Conclusion. It is possible to miss an awareness episode without using
bispectral index technology monitoring during general anaesthesia in
otorhinolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery. Bispectral index monitoring
should be the clinical standard in general anaesthesia.
Analysis of obesity prevalence in students from Novi Sad
Authors: Crnobrnja Veljko , Srdic Biljana , Stokic Edita , Dujmovic Ferenc , Andrejic Bojana
Published: April 2012

Introduction. Apart from assessing the nutrition status, the diagnosis of
obesity also includes the assessment of mass and distribution of adipose
tissue which provides revealing of latent types of obesity that hold higher
health risks. The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional status and
to analyze the prevalence of normal weight obesity and abdominal obesity in
students from the University of Novi Sad. Material and methods. The body mass
index, waist circumference and body fat mass were assessed in the group of
371 students from the University of Novi Sad (their average age being
22.9?2.5y). Results. One-fifth of the study sample students were found to be
overweight and obese, i.e. 21% and 1.1%, respectively. The frequency of
overweight and obesity was higher in male respondents (overweight: 41.67% vs.
6.05%; obesity: 1.92% vs. 0.46%). Among the survey respondents, there were
4.6% of underweight students, all of whom were female students. Body fat was
found to be increased in 11% of the students, the frequency being higher in
the males. The phenomenon of obesity in normal body mass was recorded in 7%
of the respondents, being more frequent in female students. The total of 5.6%
of female students and 5.8% of male students had abdominal obesity.
Conclusion. The survey results indicate the necessity and obligation to
direct attention to regular and complete diagnostics of obesity in order to
determine the size of fat body mass and its distribution. The presence of
obesity in normal body mass among young, student population requires the
comprehensive, detailed and timely diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Rash in primary Epstein−Barr virus infection
Authors: Lendak Dajana , Mihajlovic Dunja , Turkulov Vesna , Mikic Stefan , Tomic Slavica
Published: April 2012

Introduction. Rash can be one of the symptoms in acute infectious
mononucleosis. According to the classical literature sources, drug-induced
rash can be associated with synthetic penicillin and Epstein-Barr virus
itself. Nowadays, a lot of case reports point to the development of rash
after the administration of other groups of antimicrobials. Clinical and
laboratory signs and the administration of antimicrobials in acute
Epstein-Barr virus infection have been correlaed with the development of
rash. Material and Methods. This retrospective-prospective study (2007-2010)
included 243 patients hospitalized for acute infectious mononucleosis at the
Department for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, of whom 51
had rash and 192 were without it. Epstein-Barr virus infection was confirmed
by ELISA IgM EBVVCA in all patients. Results. Student?s t-test did not show a
significant difference between the age, gender, duration of symptoms,
leucocytes count, absolute lymphocytes count, alanine aminotransferase,
aspartate aminotransferase among patients with or without rash. ?2 test did
not show a significant difference among the patients treated by synthetic or
pure penicillin, macrolids and 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins.
However, if we compare all these antimicrobials, there is a significant
difference between them and 3rd generation cephalosporins. Only two patients
developed rash without antimicrobials. Conclusion. According to our results,
rash developed independently of the clinical course of disease. Previous
conclusion that synthetic penicillin produces rash seems to be not true,
because there are many patients who were treated with them but did not
develop rash. All antimicrobials can be associated with rash, but 3rd
generation cephalosporins seem to produce rash less frequently than the
others.
Computerized cephalometric evaluation of changes following treatment with complete dentures
Authors: Strajnic Ljiljana , Miskovic Branka
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to provide longitudinal evaluation of the changes
after complete dentures therapy and the rate of residual ridge resorption
through a six-year period of denture wearing. The authors presented the case
of a 76-year-old patient, edentulous for twelve years, wearing complete
dentures for six years, with the eugnat jaw relationship. Cephalometric
radiograph was carried out in the process of new complete denture production,
while the evaluation was carried out after six years. Cephalometric analysis
was performed by using ?Dr. Ceph? computer software (FYI Technologies, GA,
USA). After six years, the reduction of anterior total facial height was 5.5
mm and the anterior lower facial height was 5.5 mm, the vertical residual
ridge reduction of the maxilla was 1.4 mm and the reduction of the mandible
was 3mm. The study confirms the reliability and advantages of cephalometric
analyses and reveals their application possibilities in prosthetic
diagnostics and therapy, as well as in evaluation of rehabilitative results
in edentulous patients and longitudinal analysis of changes on the orofacial
complex tissues and intemaxillary relationships.
Local, glocal, entrepreneurial and socio-ecological aspects of the contemporary city
Authors: Vujovic Sreten
Published: April 2012

This paper, using political science and sociological approach, points to a
series of phenomena, processes and problems related to the decentralization
of state government, local government, glocal world, entrepreneurial city and
urban socio-ecological features in the context of globalization,
post-socialist transformation and ecological modernization. It is primarily
about the way of managing the city, about urban policy. The power is the
central category of each policy, including the local politics - power, social
actors and interests in connection with them. Urban processes are governed by
different actors - politicians, businessmen, experts, citizens / consumers,
NGOs - some of which actually run, while others are subordinated, or resist,
which indicates the latent and manifest tensions and conflicts in urban
areas. Therefore, the concluding part of the paper points to the phenomenon
of entrepreneurial city and its actors involved in the game of power. In
order to concretize, some results of recent (2010) socio-ecological research
of attitudes of representatives of local government in Serbia are used.
Whether and how much a democratic decision-making in urban politics takes
place is also one of the questions that are attended to.
Rural landscape and preservation of natural environment: Opinions and attitudes of examinees resident within Krka river basin
Authors: Pilic Sime , Buzov Ivanka , Bandalovic Gorana
Published: April 2012

This paper includes the presentations of development perspectives of the
villages along the right bank of the Krka river that are within, or on the
edge of the Krka National park and the results of empirical research of the
opinions and attitudes of the local population regarding the preservation and
protection of the environment in this area. Using the survey method, we
examined the opinions of the adult population of Krka river basin in the
rural area of Skradin hinterland. The questions focused on a number of issues
regarding preservation and/or threat to the environment. The research is a
part of the project "Titius: Krka river basin - heritage and socio-cultural
development", which is conducted by the Department of Sociology, University
of Split. The results of the survey show that great majority of respondents
think that the environment in their region is entirely or mostly preserved,
and in the same time more than half of respondents agrees with the statement
that the soil is contaminated with artificial additives and that the
agricultural products are increasingly less natural, as a result of the
technologies used in farming. Also, almost three quarters of the respondents
consider that the rivers and water are not polluted, and one quarter argues
that the illegal dumps, especially of plastic materials and bulky waste
spread everywhere, and that the cars and the local industry have polluted the
air in their living area. Attitudes and opinions are discussed in relation to
socio-demographic characteristics of respondents and their level of
education.
Carotenoid and fatty acid profiles of bilberries and cultivated blueberries from Romania
Authors: Bunea Andrea , Rugină Dumitriţa , Pintea Adela , Andrei Sanda , Bunea Claudiu , Pop Raluca , Bele Constantin
Published: April 2012

The worldwide consumption of blueberries has increased due to their potential health effects. They contain micronutrients, various phytochemicals and anti-oxidant pigments, represented especially by anthocyanins. In addition to these, carotenoids and fatty acids are also present. The aim of this study was the identification and quantification of carotenoids (by HPLC) and fatty acids (by GC with flame ionisation detection) in two bilberry genotypes (Wild 1 and 2) and three cultivars (BlueCrop, Elliot, and Duke). The main carotenoids identified were lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene, with the average total carotenoid content of 266 μg per 100 g of fruit. The ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was 0.098 for Wild 1 and 0.11 for Wild 2 genotypes and ranged from 0.14 to 0.28 for cultivars. The main fatty acids identified were linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids in all the samples analysed. In Vaccinium myrtillus the amount of carotenoids and fatty acids was higher than in Vaccinium corymbosum species.
Analysis and improvement of stability of pepsin-solubilized collagen from skin of carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Duan Rui , Zhang Jun-Jie , Konno Kunihiko , Wu Mei-Hua , Li Jing , Chen Ye
Published: April 2012

Pepsin is widely used for the extraction of pepsin-solubilized collagens (PSC) from many resources. PSC-A and PSC-P were prepared from carp skin using 0.1 mol L−1 acetic acid and 0.02 mol L−1 Na2HPO4 (pH 7.2) as the dialysis solution, respectively. SDS-PAGE patterns showed PSC-A and PSC-P as type I collagens, as well as acid soluble collagen (ASC). When incubated at 40°C, no degradation was observed for ASC, but PSC-A and PSC-P were degraded into short peptides, showing lower stability than ASC. The results indicate that pepsin remaining in the PSCs resulted in their degradation, which was confirmed by the inhibition using pepstatin. This research revealed the behavior of the remaining pepsin in pepsin-solubilized collagens and an approach to the PSC stability improvement was proposed. Chromatography profiles showed that new PSC prepared by the improved method had almost the same stability as ASC.
Response of cyanobacteria and algae community from small water bodies to physicochemical parameters
Authors: Richter Dorota , Matuła Jan
Published: April 2012

The article presents the research into the taxonomic diversity of cyanobacteria and algae, as well as the relationships between these organisms and the habitat conditions of certain water ecosystems varying in origin and location (both rural and urban reservoirs in the Lower Silesia region — Poland). Another issue addressed in the paper is the influence of ecological conditions and the origins of the reservoirs on the structure of phytoplankton. The RDA enabled to identify the most important biological parameters (the biodiversity of cyanobacteria and algae described using the Shannon-Weaver Index) and the physicochemical properties of the studied basins. The results distinguished four groups of basins (I — artificial basins within urban areas; II — old river-beds within urban areas; III — ponds in rural areas; IV — an old river-bed in forest areas). This distinction shows major relevance of the reservoirs’ origins and their presence in the landscape. Additional PCA and RDA analyses of the studied basins have shown that the biological parameters are more efficient in diversifying the basins in respect of their origins than the physicochemical parameters.
Phytoplankton of the Irkutsk Reservoir as an indicator of water quality
Authors: Popovskaya Galina , Firsova Alena , Bessudova Anna , Sakirko Maria , Suturin Alexander , Likhoshway Yelena
Published: April 2012

The species composition of phytoplankton and quantitative parameters of its abundance are indicators of ecological conditions in a water body. This paper deals with the analysis of phytoplankton in the Irkutsk Reservoir, which was formed more than 50 years ago on the Angara River flowing out of Lake Baikal. The level of phytoplankton development in the reservoir is directly dependent on the abundance of diatoms in Lake Baikal. The dominant assemblage of algal species is stable and consists mainly of diatoms, chlorophytes, and chrysophytes. Cyanobacteria are represented by a small number of species with low abundance. According to the composition of indicator species, the water in the lower reaches of the Irkutsk Reservoir can be classified as clean. The saprobity index in the open-water period is 1.2, increasing to between 1.3 and 1.5 in small bays. The values of phytoplankton biomass and chemical parameters of water recorded in 2008 indicate that the Irkutsk Reservoir is an oligotrophic water body. Its trophic status has not changed significantly since the time of impoundment (1956–1958).
Composition of fatty acids and sterols composition in brown shrimp Crangon crangon and herring Clupea harengus membras from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Mika Adriana , Gołębiowski Marek , Skorkowski Edward , Stepnowski Piotr
Published: April 2012

The composition and the content of lipids, fatty acids and sterols during spawning (spring) in different tissues of herring Clupea harengus membras were compared with quantities of lipid compounds in abdomen muscle of brown shrimp Crangon crangon. The largest quantity of fatty acids in lipids (93.7%), was observed in fish muscle. The liver was characterized by a higher content and variety of sterols (about 4.6 times more than in fish muscle), and in fish sperm, additional fatty acids were identified and the highest amount of EPA and DHA (22% and 34% of fatty acids, respectively) was recorded. The brown shrimp, despite its small size, contained significantly more lipids than the Baltic herring per g of tissues. Fatty acids were at the same level (83% of the total lipids in shrimp muscle and 93.7% in fish muscle), but the amount of sterols was significantly higher in the muscle of shrimp (5.50 ±0.31 mg g−1, 17% of total sterols, n=10) than in fish muscle (1.33 ±0.04 mg g−1, 6.3% of total lipids, n=6). And thus, shrimp is a good source of food for higher trophic levels, and in consequence — a good source of PUFAs for humans. With these results we prove that shrimp and herring play an important role in the supply of EFAs, which has great pharmaceutical and medical benefits.
Willard Waller’s Sociology of Teaching Reconsidered
Authors: Pajak Edward F.
Published: April 2012

Willard Waller’s (1932/1976) classic account of what teaching does to teachers is examined through the lens of psychoanalytic theory in conjunction with Ovid’s myth of Narcissus. Parallel themes within the two texts are analyzed and interpreted as suggesting that narcissistic psychological processes played a part in distorting teachers’ personalities in the 1930s. Role expectations and tasks associated with being a teacher, it is suggested, reinforced a narcissistic pattern of behavior that influenced identity formation and teacher stereotypes. Transformation is considered in light of contemporary psychoanalytic understandings of narcissistic disturbances and interpretations of the Narcissus myth, recent relevant research in cognitive science, and implications for transforming educational practice.
Police Witness Interview Training, Supervision, and Feedback: A Survey of Canadian Police Officers
Authors: Snook Brent , House John C. , MacDonald Sarah , Eastwood Joseph
Published: April 2012

Despite the recognized importance of intensive training for producing effective police interviewers and the importance of sustained supervision and feedback in maintaining learned interviewing skills, there is no empirical data on the current state of such practices in Canadian police organizations. Canadian police officers (N=171) from two organizations completed an online survey about the training, supervision, and feedback received for interviewing adult witnesses. Officers reported that their training was limited and came from several disparate sources, and many officers expressed a lack of satisfaction with the interview training that they had received. The majority of officers also indicated that it was rare for them to receive supervision or feedback from their supervisors on their interviews or refresher training to help them maintain their skills. The implications of these findings for police interviewing practices and the potential to use these results to improve current witness interviewing practices in Canada are discussed.
The Persistence of Status Offences in the Youth Justice System
Authors: Sprott Jane B.
Published: April 2012

The Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) has been successful in removing minor cases from formal youth court processing. Whether in relation to police charging, guilty findings in court, or the use of custody, there have been considerable reductions. However, this article argues that Canada continues to struggle with keeping status-type offences (e.g., failing to comply with bail or probation conditions) out of the youth justice system. While other minor types of offences were declining before the YCJA came into effect, failing to comply offences needed legislative change to reduce their rates, and the greatest, sustained reductions have been seen in the areas of the YCJA that are specific and leave little ambiguity. The less specific areas of the Act have, on the other hand, allowed for increases with respect to these types of offences. Failing to comply with bail conditions appears to be particularly difficult to remove from formal youth court processing, and questions are raised in the article about whether these types of case are being created by the courts themselves.
Design Specifications for the Hanstholm WEPTOS Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Pecher Arthur , Kofoed Jens Peter , Larsen Tommy
Published: April 2012

The WEPTOS wave energy converter (WEC) is a novel device that combines an established and efficient wave energy absorbing mechanism with a smart structure, which can regulate the amount of incoming wave energy and reduce loads in extreme wave conditions. This adjustable A-shaped slack-moored and floating structure absorbs the energy of the waves through a multitude of rotors. The shape of the rotors is based on the renowned Salter’s Duck. On each leg, the rotors pivot around a common axle, through which the rotors transfer the absorbed power to a common power take off system. The study investigates the required capacity of the power take off (PTO) system and the structural forces on a WEPTOS WEC prototype, intended for installation at Hanstholm (Denmark), based on large scale experimental tests using a highly realistic laboratory model of the complete device. The results hereof includes the rotational speed and transmitted torque (and hereby power) to the PTO system using different PTO control strategies, the impact of fluctuations of the available mechanical power and the effect of limiting the PTO capacity on the annual energy production. Acquisition of structural forces includes mooring forces and structural bending moments in both production and extreme wave conditions, illustrating that the regulation of the angle in the A shape ensures that extreme forces on the structure can be kept in the same order of magnitude as in production conditions.
Estimation of the Relative Severity of Floods in Small Ungauged Catchments for Preliminary Observations on Flash Flood Preparedness: A Case Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Eung Seok , Choi Hyun Il
Published: April 2012

An increase in the occurrence of sudden local flooding of great volume and short duration has caused significant danger and loss of life and property in Korea as well as many other parts of the World. Since such floods usually accompanied by rapid runoff and debris flow rise quite quickly with little or no advance warning to prevent flood damage, this study presents a new flash flood indexing methodology to promptly provide preliminary observations regarding emergency preparedness and response to flash flood disasters in small ungauged catchments. Flood runoff hydrographs are generated from a rainfall-runoff model for the annual maximum rainfall series of long-term observed data in the two selected small ungauged catchments. The relative flood severity factors quantifying characteristics of flood runoff hydrographs are standardized by the highest recorded maximum value, and then averaged to obtain the flash flood index only for flash flood events in each study catchment. It is expected that the regression equations between the proposed flash flood index and rainfall characteristics can provide the basis database of the preliminary information for forecasting the local flood severity in order to facilitate flash flood preparedness in small ungauged catchments.
Study on the Immunomodulation Effect of Isodon japonicus Extract via Splenocyte Function and NK Anti-Tumor Activity
Authors: Hwang Yu-Jin , Kim Jaehyun , Park Dong-Sik , Hwang Kyung-A
Published: April 2012

Here we investigated the potential immune-enhancing activity of Isodon japonicus on murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells in vitro. The ethanol extract of I. japonicus significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocyte and induced the significant enhancement of NK cells’ activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). In addition, I. japonicus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, suggesting that the increase in NK cell cytotoxicity could be due to the enhancement of the NK cell production of both cytokines. Taken together, I. japonicus extract inhibited the growth of human leukemia cells (K562) by 74%. Our observation indicated that the anti-tumor effects of I. japonicus may be attributed to its ability to serve as a stimulant of NK anti-tumor activity. In addition, our results support the development of functional food studies on I. japonicus.
Development of Eighteen Microsatellite Markers in Anemone amurensis (Ranunculaceae) and Cross-Amplification in Congeneric Species
Authors: Sun Mingzhou , Yin Xiao , Shi Fengxue , Li Lin , Li Mingrui , Li Linfeng , Xiao Hongxing
Published: April 2012

Polyploidy plays an important role in the evolution of plant genomes. To enable the investigation of the polyploidy events within the genus Anemone, we developed eighteen microsatellite markers from the hexaploid species A. amurensis (Ranunculaceae), and tested their transferability in five closely related species. The number of total alleles (NA) for each resulting locus varied from one to eight. The polymorphism information content (PIC) and Nei’s genetic diversity (NGD) for these microsatellites ranged from 0.00 to 0.71 and 0.00 to 0.91, respectively. For each population, the NA was one to seven, and the values of PIC and NGD varied from 0.00 to 0.84 and 0.00 to 0.95, respectively. In addition, most of these microsatellites can be amplified successfully in the congeneric species. These microsatellite primers provide us an opportunity to study the polyploid evolution in the genus Anemone.
N,N’-Bis-(2,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phthalamide
Authors: Aydin Fatma , Dağci Erdoğan
Published: April 2012

The title compound, N,N’-bis-(2,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phthalamide has been synthesized by reactions of o-phthaloyl chloride with 4-amino-2,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-oxo-1H-pyrazolone in acetonitrile. The structure of the new compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Physical parameters of the compound such as melting point, solubility, λmax were examined.
SR-4000 and CamCube3.0 Time of Flight (ToF) Cameras: Tests and Comparison
Authors: Piatti Dario , Rinaudo Fulvio
Published: April 2012

In this paper experimental comparisons between two Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are reported in order to test their performance and to give some procedures for testing data delivered by this kind of technology. In particular, the SR-4000 camera by Mesa Imaging AG and the CamCube3.0 by PMD Technologies have been evaluated since they have good performances and are well known to researchers dealing with Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras. After a brief overview of commercial ToF cameras available on the market and the main specifications of the tested devices, two topics are presented in this paper. First, the influence of camera warm-up on distance measurement is analyzed: a warm-up of 40 minutes is suggested to obtain the measurement stability, especially in the case of the CamCube3.0 camera, that exhibits distance measurement variations of several centimeters. Secondly, the variation of distance measurement precision variation over integration time is presented: distance measurement precisions of some millimeters are obtained in both cases. Finally, a comparison between the two cameras based on the experiments and some information about future work on evaluation of sunlight influence on distance measurements are reported.