bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service-oriented high-performance work systems and service role performance: Applying an integrated extended self and psychological ownership framework
Authors: Jo Hyunyoung , Aryee Samuel , Hsiung Hsin-Hua , Guest David
Published: July 2021

How do organizations build an internal capability or processes to implement a service excellence strategy and thereby create sustained competitive advantage? Drawing on an integrated extended self and psychology of ownership framework as well as Bowen and Ostroff’s human resource (HR) system strength perspective, this study examines processes linking perceived service-oriented high-performance work systems (HPWS) and overall service role performance. Multi-wave data obtained from 530 employees and 53 supervisors in the hospitality industry were used to test our hypotheses. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) results revealed that higher levels of supervisor customer orientation strengthened the perceived service-oriented HPWS-employee customer orientation relationship leading to job-based psychological ownership. In turn, job-based psychological ownership related to overall service role performance and together with employee customer orientation, sequentially mediated the influence of perceived service-oriented HPWS on overall service role performance. We interpret our findings as providing initial evidence of an alternative motivational pathway through which an HR system influences performance in a frontline service role.
Distributed convex optimization via proportional-integral-differential algorithm
Authors: Zhu Wei , Tian Haibao
Published: July 2021

This paper studies the distributed convex optimization problem, where the global utility function is the sum of local cost functions associated to the individual agents. Only using the local information, a novel continuous-time distributed algorithm based on proportional-integral-differential (PID) control strategy is proposed. Under the assumption that the global utility function is strictly convex and local utility functions have locally Lipschitz gradients, the exponential convergence of the proposed algorithm is established with undirected and connected graph among these agents. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Digital resilience mediates healthy use of technology
Authors: Sharma Manoj K , Anand Nitin , Roopesh Bangalore N , Sunil Shweta
Published: July 2021

Excessive use of online technology brings with it the risk of problematic digital behaviour like over-use of social media, online gambling, webinar fatigue, digital burnout, and in extreme cases doom surfing, and doom scrolling. In addition, digital failures can cause significant mental health distress to people, and unhealthy interactions on social media can also lead to deviant behaviour such as cyber bullying and cybercrime. This paper discusses the various vulnerabilities an individual is predisposed to on the internet, and highlights the importance of “Digital Resilience”. Digital resilience is a new concept which refers to the learning, recovery, and bouncing back process after having negative or adverse experiences online. A comprehensive and holistic model to introduce Digital Resilience to everyone through a multitier approach that includes Individual, Societal, and Community intervention is formulated and elaborated. The importance of addressing these concerns from both a psychological and legal perspective is also discussed.
Diagnostic accuracy of Alvarado, RIPASA and Tzanakis scoring system in acute appendicitis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Sharma Pushkar , Jain Ankit , Shankar Gomathi , Jinkala Sreerekha , Kumbhar Uday S , Shamanna Sreenath G
Published: July 2021

Our prospective observational study, enrolling 167 patients undergoing emergency appendicectomy, served to evaluate the Alvarado, Tzanakis and RIPASA diagnostic scores. The latter was found to be a better scoring system because of its higher diagnostic accuracy. At centres with limited expertise in ultrasonography, RIPASA outperforms the Tzanakis score. Although easy to use, the Alvarado score was useful only to ‘rule in’ cases with AA with significant accuracy but at the cost of low sensitivity. It cannot be effectively used in triaging.
Domestic bliss, or technological diss? Problematic media use, partner responsiveness, and relationship outcomes
Authors: Booth McCall A. , Coyne Sarah M. , Yorgason Jeremy B. , Dew Jeffrey P.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine how problematic media use (technoference, internet gaming disorder symptoms, and pornography use) predicted later partner relationship outcomes, operating through the mediator of partner responsiveness. Participants ( N = 1039) were from Waves II–IV of a nationally representative quantitative study on marriage relationships across the United States. Both spouses completed surveys reporting problematic media use, partner responsiveness, and relationship outcomes at three separate time points each spaced a year apart. In order to test the hypotheses, three longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models with indirect paths were estimated, with each model corresponding to one type of problematic media use. Results indicated that at the cross-sectional level, all three types of problematic media use had significant indirect actor and partner effects, where problematic media use predicted lower relationship outcomes through the intervening variable of partner non-responsiveness. Longitudinally, wife technoference directly negatively predicted later partner responsiveness, but there were no full indirect paths of Wave II problematic media to Wave IV relationship outcomes through the intervening variable of Wave III partner responsiveness. Implications of these findings and future directions are discussed.
White matter imaging of ethanol-fixed rat brain by phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Lwin Thet-Thet- , Yoneyama Akio , Kokubo Shogo , Maruyama Hiroko , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Takeda Tohoru
Published: July 2021

Background

Phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography imaging (PCI) based on crystal X-ray interferometry can detect minute density differences within biological soft tissues without contrast agents. Ethanol fixation yields increased tissue-background density differences due to the dehydrating and delipidifying effects of ethanol.

Purpose

To obtain high image contrast of cerebral white matter structures in PCI, tissue fixation using ethanol and routinely used formalin have been examined.

Material and Methods

Ethanol-fixed (EF) (n = 4) and formalin-fixed (FF) (n = 4) rat brains were imaged by crystal X-ray interferometry-based PCI. Tissue staining/microscopy was also performed for histological comparison and myelin density evaluation. Three-dimensional white matter tract images were reconstructed.

Results

Superior image contrast was obtained in the images of EF brains (EF images) compared to those of formalin-fixed brains (FF images), particularly for white matter structures. Significant density differences between the white matter structures and hippocampus ( P < 0.01)/thalamus ( P < 0.001) were observed in the EF, but not FF, images. Ethanol fixation enhanced the image contrast of white matter tracts by approximately sixfold compared to formalin fixation, and close agreement (r2 = 0.97; P < 0.05) between the density values on the CT images and the myelin density values in histological images was observed for the EF brains. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the white matter tracts was possible from the EF images, but not FF images.

Conclusion

Ethanol fixation resulted in marked contrast enhancement of cerebral white matter structures in PCI. Thus, high-resolution PCI using ethanol for tissue fixation could be valuable for experimental neurological studies and postmortem neuropathology evaluation.
A case of de Winter syndrome presenting with chest tightness
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Fu Guosheng
Published: July 2021

de Winter syndrome, also termed anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) equivalent, is estimated to be present in approximately 2% of patients with acute myocardial infarction, but is often under-recognized by clinicians. Therefore, de Winter syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We report a 51-year-old man with typical chest tightness and a characteristic electrocardiographic pattern without classic ST-segment elevation, but with acute nearly total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Although the patient presented as a non-STEMI case, the definite diagnosis of de Winter syndrome was made on the basis of clinical and electrocardiographic findings. The patient’s symptom of chest tightness was relieved immediately after acute percutaneous coronary intervention and the left ventricular ejection fraction had not deteriorated at 1 month of follow-up.
Technique to Stabilize a Lingual Retainer Under Rubber Dam Isolation
Authors: Nimbalkar Smita , Patil Pravinkumar G. , Yu Kan Chang
Published: July 2021

Retention is an important phase of orthodontic treatment for prevention of relapse. Over the years, many direct and indirect techniques have been practiced for placing a bonded lingual retainer. The use of rubber dam has become one of the most critical steps during fixed lingual retainer bonding procedure, as it prevents aerosols from spreading in operatory to a greater extent. This article describes a simple method of utilizing rubber dam clamps to assist in the stabilization of lingual retainer wire on teeth. It is easy, simple, reliable, timesaving, and economical as it does not require special equipment or transfer trays.
Torque Comparison Between Two Passive Self-Ligating Brackets with Respect to Interbracket Wire Dimensions and Types: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Thushar Balan K , Mathur Anirudh K , Diddige Rajasri , Verma Shubhnita , Chitra Prasad
Published: July 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the expression of torque between 2 passive self-ligating brackets by simulating different clinical situations using finite element analysis.

Material and Methods:

Two passive self-ligating brackets, that is, Damon Q (Ormco, Glendora, California) and Smart Clip (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California), were 3D modeled using micro-computed tomography. ANSYS V14.5 software was used for analysis. Archwire and bracket interactions were simulated to measure torque expression by changing wire alloys (stainless steel [SS] and titanium molybdenum [TMA]) and interbracket dimensions.

Results:

Damon Q brackets generated higher torque values compared to Smart Clip brackets with both SS and TMA wires. Damon Q brackets generated the highest torquing moment of 25.72 Nmm and 7.45 Nmm, while Smart Clip brackets generated 22.25 Nmm and 7.31 Nmm with 0.019 × 0.025″ SS and TMA wires, respectively, at an interbracket distance of 12 mm. Torquing moments decreased for Damon Q and Smart Clip brackets when wire length increased from 12 mm to 16 mm.

Conclusion:

Damon Q with 0.019 × 0.025″wires exhibited superior torquing characteristics as compared to Smart Clip brackets with similar archwires.
Global assessment of wind erosion based on a spatially distributed RWEQ model
Authors: Yang Guocheng , Sun Ranhao , Jing Yongcai , Xiong Muqi , Li Jialei , Chen Liding
Published: July 2021

Wind erosion is a global environmental problem and affects the sustainable use of land soil. The current efforts in wind erosion modeling mainly focus on local scales, yet very few studies have attempted to quantify the soil losses by wind on a large scale. Here, we proposed a distributed version of the revised wind erosion equation model (DRWEQ) to assess the spatial and temporal variations of wind erosion globally. The DRWEQ model used meteorological, soil, topographic, and remote sensing data to simulate global wind erosion from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that (a) the areas of wind erosion in Africa and Asia accounted for approximately 62% of the global wind erosion area but accounted for 91% of the global total soil loss; (b) global wind erosion showed a decreasing tendency during the research period – the wind erosion with a trend of intensification occupied 40.62% of the global wind erosion area while about 59.38% of the global wind erosion area showed a weakening trend; and (c) the monthly dynamics of the wind erosion were closely correlated with the combined effects of weather factors and vegetation coverage. The soil loss rates were lower in summer and reached the peak from January to April. The method presented in this study was developed based on the tradeoff of accuracy and availability of global data, and has the potential for predicting wind erosion from regional to global scales.
Investigating Degree of Blending Between Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Virgin Binder Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Solaimanian Mansour , Chen Xuan
Published: July 2021

Adding reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) into asphalt mixes is a common practice and has many merits such as reducing costs and emissions. In recent decades, many state highway agencies have embarked on investigating asphalt mixes with high RAP content. As the RAP content increases, understanding how well the RAP binder blends with virgin binder becomes more crucial. Lack of knowledge on how much of the residual RAP binder actively blends with virgin binder during production is one of the reasons preventing full exploitation of RAP materials. Obviously, the amount of aged RAP binder blending into virgin binder affects the properties of asphalt mixes. A study was undertaken to investigate the degree of blending, that is, the amount of RAP binder blended with virgin binder, through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and focused ion beam (FIB). The AFM measurements were conducted on both binder samples and RAP aggregate samples; the former consisted of extracted and recovered RAP binder, virgin binder, and blended binder, while the latter covered blended RAP aggregate and virgin binder samples. AFM measurements on binders indicated that blended RAP and virgin binder, at the blending zone between RAP and virgin binder, has moduli between that of pure RAP binder and pure virgin binder. AFM was also explored to investigate the degree of blending using RAP aggregate and virgin binder, but preparation of acceptable samples for such work was not possible, in spite of extensive work in preparation of such samples through mechanical polishing and FIB.
Sustainable Safety in The Netherlands Creating a Road Environment where People on Foot and on Bikes are as Safe as People in Cars
Authors: Shi Ge , Methoxha Vannesa , Atkinson-Palombo Carol , Garrick Norman
Published: July 2021

Road crashes claim over one million lives each year worldwide, overwhelmingly in low- and middle-income countries. A handful of higher-income countries have made great progress in reducing traffic fatalities and are moving toward Vision Zero. The goal of this study is to evaluate how one such country, the Netherlands, has cut its traffic fatalities by over 90%. The results show that the Dutch have virtually eliminated the concept of “vulnerable road users” in that the risk of fatality for pedestrians, bicyclists and vehicle occupants has all converged at a low level. This is an amazing achievement, especially when compared with countries like the U.S. where the risk of fatality for non-vehicle occupants is 5–8 times that of vehicle occupants. In this paper, we assess the evolution of risk for different types of road users in the Netherlands since 1970. We also review critical events, advocacy, policies, and programs that were implemented in the Netherlands over the last five decades to address the issue of traffic safety. This analysis demonstrates that the Dutch used protests and advocacy campaigns to garner support for policies and programs that promoted non-motorized transportation as routine mobility choice. Furthermore, the governing body for safety in the Netherlands was an early adopter (in the 1990s) of a systems-based approach to traffic safety called Sustainable Safety. A 2020 FHWA webinar highlights that this systems-based approach is now beginning to take hold in the U.S.
Will We Fly Again? Modeling Air Travel Demand in light of COVID-19 through a London Case Study
Authors: Manca Francesco , Sivakumar Aruna , Pawlak Jacek , Brodzinski Norbert J
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated travel restrictions have created an unprecedented challenge for the air transport industry, which before the pandemic was facing almost the exact opposite set of problems. Instead of the growing demand and need for capacity expansion warring against environmental concerns, the sector is now facing a slump in demand and the continuing uncertainty about the impacts of the pandemic on people’s willingness to fly. To shed light on consumer attitudes toward air travel during and post the pandemic, this study presents an analysis that draws on recently collected survey data (April–July 2020), including both revealed and stated preference components, of 388 respondents who traveled from one of the six London, U.K., airports in 2019. Several travel scenarios considering the circumstances and attitudes related to COVID-19 are explored. The data is analyzed using a hybrid choice model to integrate latent constructs related to attitudinal characteristics. The analysis confirms the impact of consumers’ health concerns on their willingness to travel, as a function of travel characteristics, that is, cost and number of transfers. It also provides insights into preference heterogeneity as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. However, no significant effects are observed concerning perceptions of safety arising from wearing a mask, or concerns over the necessity to quarantine. Results also suggest that some respondents may perceive virtual substitutes for business travel, for example video calls and similar software, as only a temporary measure, and seek to return to traveling as soon as it is possible to do so safely.
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Can Become Hypertrophied in Response to Mechanical Loading: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study in Elite Athletes
Authors: Beaulieu Mélanie L. , DeClercq Madeleine G. , Rietberg Nathan T. , Li Sylvia H. , Harker Emily C. , Weber Alexander E. , Ashton-Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Evidence, mainly from animal models, suggests that exercise during periods of pubertal growth can produce a hypertrophied anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and improve its mechanical properties. In humans, the only evidence of ACL hypertrophy comes from a small cross-sectional study of elite weight lifters and control participants; that study had methodological weaknesses and, thus, more evidence is needed.

Purpose:

To investigate bilateral differences in the ACL cross-sectional area (CSA) for evidence of unilateral hypertrophy in athletes who have habitually loaded 1 leg more than the other.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We recruited 52 figure skaters and springboard divers (46 female and 6 male; mean age, 20.2 ± 2.7 years) because the former always land/jump on the same leg while the latter always drive the same leg into the board during their hurdle approach. Sport training for all participants began before puberty and continued throughout as well as after. Using oblique axial– and oblique sagittal–plane magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the ACL CSA and the anteroposterior diameter of the patellar tendon, respectively. In addition, isometric and isokinetic knee extensor and flexor peak torques were acquired using a dynamometer. Bilateral differences in the ACL CSA, patellar tendon diameter, and knee muscle strength were evaluated via 2-sided paired-samples t tests. Correlations between the bilateral difference in the ACL CSA and age of training onset as well as between the bilateral difference in the ACL CSA and years of training were also examined.

Results:

A significantly larger ACL CSA (mean difference, 4.9% ± 14.0%; P = .041), as well as patellar tendon diameter (mean difference, 4.7% ± 9.4%; P = .002), was found in the landing/drive leg than in the contralateral leg. The bilateral difference in the ACL CSA, however, was not associated with the age of training onset or years of training. Last, the isometric knee flexor peak torque was significantly greater in the landing/drive leg than the contralateral leg (mean difference, 14.5% ± 33.8%; P = .019).

Conclusion:

Athletes who habitually loaded 1 leg more than the other before, during, and after puberty exhibited significant unilateral ACL hypertrophy. This study suggests that the ACL may be able to be “trained” in athletes. If done correctly, it could help lower the risk for ACL injuries.
Student Engagement in the Facebook Learning Environment: A Person-Centred Study
Authors: Hoi Vo Ngoc , Hang Ho Le
Published: July 2021

Facebook has been used not only as a popular social network service among college students but also as a platform for promoting learning and teaching effectiveness in different subject areas. While previous studies have demonstrated the utility of Facebook for enhancing student engagement, little is known about whether there are different profiles of students with different engagement patterns in the Facebook learning environment. Adopting a person-centred approach, we aim to fill this gap in the current study by identifying unobserved sub-populations of students with respect to their engagement patterns in the Facebook as a supplemental learning platform. Latent profile analysis revealed three engagement profiles, a minimally engaged, a moderately engaged, and a highly engaged profile. Results also suggested that academic disciplines and teacher involvement in the Facebook learning activities were significant predictors of student membership in the three engagement profiles. Our findings offer implications for the design and delivery of Facebook learning activities that cater to different groups of learners with different learning needs.
Sites of Sanctuary: Examining Blackness as “Something Fugitive” Through the Tactical Use of Ethnic Clubs by Haitian Immigrant High School Students
Authors: Doucet Fabienne , Kirkland David E.
Published: July 2021

In this theoretical article, the authors elaborate a revisited theory of Third Space from a BlackCrit/Afropessimist stance, exploring Black youth ethnic and racial identity formation searching for place and belonging in the context of a raced world. To illustrate their theoretical contributions, the authors draw on empirical research conducted with Haiti-born and U.S.-born Haitian immigrant high school students and their teachers. They argue that, as Third Space, Haitian ethnic clubs were sites of sanctuary where students felt free to challenge, play with, and question complex ideas about racial identity, sites of resistance to test and exercise resistance against demoralizing forces, sites of fluidity for Black adolescent development, and sites for regulating and protecting Blackness. Thus, Third Space Theory from a BlackCrit perspective can offer an anti-racist approach to capturing how Black youth become aware of contradictions and ambivalence in the worlds they inhabit and their acceptance of situations where ambivalence helps in their learning and also their survivance.
On the possibility of replacement of calcium carbonate by a high-performance, economically viable filler in polyethylene composites
Authors: Hesabi Mohammadnabi , Brennan Shane , Boulard Quentin , Le Blanc Francois , Major Ian
Published: July 2021

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is frequently added to polyethylene (PE) as a filler to reduce costs. An alternative to CaCO3, calcium fluoride (CaF2) was proposed in this research. PE/CaCO3 and PE/CaF2 composites in a wide composition range (0–60 wt.%) were prepared through a parallel twin screw extruder. Results indicated better interaction of CaF2 with PE matrix which improved samples yield stress. Statistical analysis showed the filler type was more influential factor on the yield stress while filler loading was not a statistically significant one. In contrast, crystallinity was strongly depended on the filler loading. The dynamic mechanical and rheological investigations revealed that PE/CaF2 composites had higher stiffness at ambient temperature and possessed lower viscosity below 40 wt.% of filler loading compared to PE/CaCO3 which could reduce the processing cost. Therefore, regarding its low price and good functional properties, CaF2 can be a promising alternative to CaCO3.
Do low GDP neutral pH solutions prevent or retard peritoneal membrane alterations in long-term peritoneal dialysis?
Authors: Parikova Alena , Michalickova Kristyna , van Diepen Anouk TN , Voska Luděk , Viklicky Ondrej , Krediet Raymond T
Published: July 2021

Several studies have been published in the last decade on the effects of low glucose degradation product (GDP) neutral pH (L-GDP/N-pH) dialysis solutions on peritoneal morphology and function during the long-term PD treatment. Compared to conventional solutions, the impact of these solutions on the morphological and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane is discussed, including those of effluent proteins that reflect the status of peritoneal tissues. Long-term PD with conventional solutions is associated with the loss of mesothelium, submesothelial and interstitial fibrosis, vasculopathy, and deposition of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). L-GDP/N-pH solutions mitigate these alterations, although vasculopathy and AGE deposition are still present. Increased vascular density was found in some studies. Small solute transport increases with PD duration on conventional solutions. Initially, higher values are present on L-GDP/N-pH treatment, but these may be reversible and remain stable with PD duration. Consequently, ultrafiltration (UF) is lower initially but remains stable thereafter. At 5 years, UF and small pore fluid transport are higher, while free water transport decreased only slightly during follow-up. Cancer antigen 125 was initially higher on L-GDP/N-pH solutions, suggesting better mesothelial preservation but decreased during follow-up. Therefore, L-GDP/N-pH solutions may not prevent but reduce and retard the peritoneal alterations induced by continuous exposure to glucose-based dialysis fluids.
Risk factors and clinical outcomes of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: A case–control study from China
Authors: Lu Miaoqing , Ye Hongjian , Chen Dongni , Yi Chunyan , Lin Jianxiong , Mao Haiping , Yang Xiao , Yu Xueqing , Chen Wei
Published: July 2021

Background:

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon, but serious complication in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) who have a considerable mortality rate. This study aimed to identify risk factors and outcomes of EPS in Chinese patients on PD.

Methods:

Sixteen patients on PD who met the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis criteria for diagnosis of EPS in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from 1997 to 2018 were included. Patients without EPS were matched for age, sex and the duration of PD and selected at a 1:3 ratio for the controls. A case–control study was conducted to analyse the clinical profile and risk factors associated with EPS in patients.

Results:

The prevalence of EPS in patients on PD in our centre was 0.55%. The percentage of EPS significantly increased with the duration of PD. In univariate regression analysis, a history of peritonitis (odds ratios (OR): 2.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–9.68; p = 0.08), peritoneal glucose exposure (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22; p < 0.01) and a high peritoneal transport status (OR: 14.70; 95% CI: 1.85–117.02; p < 0.01) were associated with EPS in patients on PD. However in the multivariate model, only a high peritoneal transport status (adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 13.65; 95% CI: 1.69–109.96; p = 0.01) was independently associated with EPS.

Conclusion:

The rate of EPS significantly increases with the duration of PD. Progressive peritoneal dysfunction, especially a high peritoneal transport status, is associated with a higher risk of EPS in this population.
Dynamic simulation of a high-speed train with interconnected hydro-pneumatic secondary suspension
Authors: Luo Ren , Liu Changdong , Shi Huailong
Published: July 2021

A secondary suspension configuration that integrates the Interconnected Hydro-Pneumatic Struts (IHPS) to the air spring system is proposed in this investigation for railway vehicles. Using the dynamic performance of IHPS, this suspension aims to provide smaller vertical supporting stiffness and larger anti-roll resistance compared to the traditional configuration, the air spring is connected to an emergency rubber spring in series with quite large stiffness. By replacing the rubber spring with IHPS, the proposed suspension configuration contributes to vibration absorption as well as anti-roll stiffness of the vehicle. The IHPS has two hydraulic cylinders installed in parallel to support the suspended mass. Each hydraulic cylinder has three oil chambers, and the oil chambers between the left and right struts are cross-connected through pipelines. Considering the oil compressibility and the vibration of liquid in the interconnected pipes, the mathematical model of IHPS is formulated and established in MATLAB. A multi-body dynamic railway vehicle model is built in SIMPACK, into which the IHPS is integrated through a co-simulation technique. Model validations on the IHPS are performed and its static and dynamic stiffness is examined. Numerical simulations show that the IHPS suspension reduces the vertical acceleration on the car body floor at a frequency between 1 and 3 Hz than the traditional air spring system with/without an anti-roll bar configuration. The vertical Sperling index of the vehicle using the IHPS suspension is smaller than that of the traditional suspensions, and it is more significant when the air spring deflates. However, the vertical acceleration with IHPS is larger than the traditional suspensions at 13∼55 Hz when the air spring deflates.
Case C-336/19 Centraal Israëlitisch Consistorie van België: Animal welfare and freedom of religion
Authors: Nakanishi Yumiko
Published: July 2021

Article 13 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) explicitly provides for animal welfare. Animals are sentient beings, and thus the EU and Member States have an obligation to take animal welfare into consideration. At the same time, Article 10(1) of the Charter guarantees freedom of religion. Case C-336/19 Centraal Israëlitisch Consistorie van België dealt with the balance between animal welfare and freedom of religion. Regulation 1099/2009 stipulates that animals must be protected at the time of killing and established the principle of prior stunning in slaughter. Ritual slaughter based on religion is accepted as a derogation of this principle. In the Centraal case, which is pivotal in the context of ritual slaughter, the opinion of Advocate General Hogan and the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union were divided over the interpretation of the contested regulation. Ultimately, the Court demonstrated a definite preference for animal welfare over freedom of religion. In so doing, the Court attached a high value to national legislative competence and in paying attention to changes in society to ensure that citizens are increasingly aware of animal welfare.
Following up on “A Letter to the Male Good Apples”
Authors: Stigliani Ileana
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the Letter to the Male “Good Apples” recently appeared in this section, my letter has a twofold aim: to provoke all the Male “Good Apples” in academia and to offer them an olive branch. As I provide them with a few practical suggestions, I hope to illuminate their way forward to truly “getting it”. It’s time to stop talking a good game and to start playing a better game.
Tracking the Process of Resilience: How Emotional Stability and Experience Influence Exhaustion and Commitment Trajectories
Authors: Flynn Patrick J. , Bliese Paul D. , Korsgaard M. Audrey , Cannon Cormac
Published: July 2021

This study responds to calls to conceptualize resilience as a dynamic process by examining individual trajectories of emotional exhaustion and affective commitment over time in the face of ongoing role demands. In contrast to research conceptualizing resilience as a dispositional trait, we conceptualize resilience in terms of patterns of between-individual variation in response trajectories (dynamic resilience). In a longitudinal study spanning three months and 12 observational periods, we show that individuals high in emotional stability had more static affective commitment trajectories and that organizational newcomers had less pronounced emotional exhaustion trajectories in response to ongoing demands. Both the patterns shown for those with high emotional stability and newcomers are indicative of greater dynamic resilience. Furthermore, we found that affective commitment trajectories were significant predictors of actual retention through the mediating mechanism of intent to remain. We discuss how our approach offers opportunities to study resilience in dynamic settings.
Antibiotic Approvals in the Last Decade: Are We Keeping Up With Resistance?
Authors: Chahine Elias B. , Dougherty John A. , Thornby Krisy-Ann , Guirguis Erenie H.
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To review the spectrum of activity, efficacy, safety, and role in therapy of all antibiotics and related biologics approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the last decade.

Data Sources:

A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (2010 to end May 2021) with the search terms’ name of the antibiotic or the biologic. Data were also obtained from the prescribing information, FDA, and ClinicalTrials.gov websites.

Study Selection:

All relevant English-language, late phase clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of the identified drugs were included. Review articles and references of retrieved articles were evaluated for relevant data.

Data Synthesis:

Antibiotic resistance is a public health crisis, and antibiotic development is imperative to outpace the ability of bacteria to develop resistance. Only 17 new systemic antibiotics and 1 related biologic have been approved by the FDA since 2010. Among these drugs, 14 were approved for common bacterial infections, 1 was approved for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), 1 was licensed to prevent CDI recurrence, and 2 were approved for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Very few antibiotics are in clinical development.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

The arrival of these new antibiotics was welcomed with great enthusiasm, particularly when they met previously unmet medical needs. Unfortunately, the majority of them represent modifications to existing chemical structures rather than new drug classes. Despite the availability of these antibiotics, managing patients with deep-seated infections and those with extensively resistant gram-negative organisms remains challenging.

Conclusions:

The number of new antibiotics and their indications are not keeping up with resistance and the needs of the patients.
Analytical solution of the cylindrical torsion problem for the relaxed micromorphic continuum and other generalized continua (including full derivations)
Authors: Rizzi Gianluca , Hütter Geralf , Khan Hassam , Ghiba Ionel-Dumitrel , Madeo Angela , Neff Patrizio
Published: July 2021

We solve the St. Venant torsion problem for an infinite cylindrical rod whose behaviour is described by a family of isotropic generalized continua, including the relaxed micromorphic and classical micromorphic model. The results can be used to determine the material parameters of these models. Special attention is given to the possible nonphysical stiffness singularity for a vanishing rod diameter, because slender specimens are, in general, described as stiffer.
A Tale of Two Bases: Progressive Taxation of Capital and Labor Income
Authors: Moore Rachel , Pecoraro Brandon
Published: July 2021

Macroeconomic models routinely abstract simultaneously from two features of the US federal tax code: the joint taxation of ordinary capital and labor income and the special taxation of preferential capital income. In this article, we argue that this abstraction omits a “portfolio-effect” mechanism where endogenous changes to the ordinary-preferential composition of households’ capital income influence individuals’ optimal labor and saving decisions through its impact on their effective marginal tax rates. We demonstrate the quantitative importance of this tax detail by simulating provisions from the recently enacted “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” using a heterogeneous-agent overlapping generations framework calibrated to the US economy. Our findings imply that accounting for the detailed taxation of labor and capital income should be considered an important modeling feature for tax policy analysis.
Safety Assessment of Phosphoric Acid and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Johnson Wilbur , Boyer Ivan , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Gill Lillian J. , Heldreth Bart
Published: July 2021

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Phosphoric Acid and its salts (31 ingredients), which are reported to function as buffering agents, corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, and pH adjusters in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed data relating to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that Phosphoric Acid and its salts are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics when formulated to be nonirritating.
Amended Safety Assessment of Methylisothiazolinone as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Peterson Lisa A. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: July 2021

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of Methylisothiazolinone, which functions as a preservative in cosmetics. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment, and data from the previously published safety assessments of Methylisothiazolinone, and concluded that Methylisothiazolinone is safe for use in rinse-off cosmetic products at concentrations up to 100 ppm (ie, 0.01%) and safe in leave-on cosmetic products when they are formulated to be nonsensitizing, which may be determined based on a quantitative risk assessment or similar methodology.
Amended Safety Assessment of Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Burnett Christina L. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Peterson Lisa A. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Heldreth Bart
Published: July 2021

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reassessed the safety of the mixture Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI), which functions as a preservative in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data provided in this safety assessment, and data from the previously published safety assessment of this mixture, and concluded that MCI/MI is safe in cosmetics when formulated to be nonsensitizing, based on the results of a quantitative risk assessment or similar methodology; however, at no point should concentrations exceed 7.5 ppm in leave-on products or 15 ppm in rinse-off products.
ECHOTIP-Ped: A structured protocol for ultrasound-based tip navigation and tip location during placement of central venous access devices in pediatric patients
Authors: Zito Marinosci Geremia , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Barone Giovanni , D’Andrea Vito , Elisei Daniele , Iacobone Emanuele , La Greca Antonio , Pittiruti Mauro
Published: July 2021

Central venous access devices are routinely used in pediatric care for administration of fluids and medications and for drawing blood samples. The adoption of ultrasound guided venipuncture, the availability of bedside ultrasound devices and the use of intraprocedural methods for tip location have been shown to reduce procedure-related complications, as documented by the recommendations of most recent guidelines. In pediatric patients, bedside ultrasound is a promising tool not only for optimizing the choice of the vein and guiding the venipuncture, but also for ensuring an accurate and intraprocedural method of tip navigation and tip location. The aim of this paper is to review all the evidence about the accuracy of ultrasound methods for tip navigation and tip location in pediatric patients, and to suggest a structured protocol for clinical practice.
What are we voting for? Opposition alliance joint campaigns in electoral autocracies
Authors: Ong Elvin
Published: July 2021

Existing analyses of opposition pre-electoral alliance formation in electoral autocracies neglect their coordinated election campaigns against incumbent autocrats. This paper argues that opposition alliance joint campaigns can increase the salience of the anti-regime cleavage, signal mutual compromise, and highlight the positive material and policy gains voters will reap following regime defeat. Together, they persuade ideologically and ethnically disparate opposition supporters to engage in the cross-party strategic voting necessary to maximize opposition vote share and their chances of winning. Empirical findings from Malaysia’s historic 2018 general elections support the theory’s propositions. A pre-electoral survey experiment estimates that an opposition alliance’s joint campaigns increases cross-party strategic voting by about 10 percentage points among opposition voters. Field interviews and ethnographic observation during the election campaigning revealed the diverse methods and mechanisms of joint campaigns. Malaysia’s Pakatan Harapan opposition alliance eventually prevailed through a combination of joint campaigning against a flailing incumbent.
Financial distress and suicidal behaviour during COVID-19: Family identification attenuates the negative relationship between COVID-related financial distress and mental Ill-health
Authors: Stevenson Clifford , Wakefield Juliet Ruth Helen
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 provides a ‘perfect storm’ of social and economic suicide risk-factors. Recent research has evidenced an initial impact of the pandemic upon suicide rates, but has yet to understand how elevated financial threat and social isolation may predict suicide ideation/behaviour, or which social factors promote resilience. This study addressed these shortcomings. An online longitudinal survey study ( N = 370) which took place from May to September 2020 showed COVID-related financial distress predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviour via increased depression and loneliness. Family identification attenuates these relationships. Our findings reaffirm the importance of social factors in reducing mental ill-health outcomes of economic crises.
Considerations for conducting sensitive research with the LGBTQIA+ communities
Authors: Lewis Clifford , Reynolds Nina
Published: July 2021

As LGBTQIA+ people in western societies get more comfortable publicly identifying as part of the LGBTQIA+ communities, research projects are increasingly collecting data related to such orientations. This may be done directly in studies focusing on the LGBTQIA+ communities or indirectly on studies focusing on the general population whose members may incidentally be of a diverse gender or sexuality. Accordingly, there is a need to conduct research in a way that is sensitive and inclusive of the diverse lived experiences of LGBTQIA+ people. Focusing on the notions of respect and beneficence underlining ethical research practice, this research note explains the heterogeneity inherent in the LGBTQIA+ acronym and draws implications for research practice. The article concludes by putting forward some considerations, focusing on the researcher, the research project, and the participant; to help market researchers when conducting research with LGBTQIA+ people.
Tracks to gay elsewheres: cultural attachment and spatial imaginaries
Authors: Kelaita Paul
Published: July 2021

This article considers how cultural narratives of queer migration to urban centres are understood through media and cultural references that mark specific non-urban places and times. Through an analysis of queer migration narratives in Smalltown Boy (1984), a song and music video by UK band Bronski Beat, and Boytown (2012), its suburban Sydney reimagining by artist Daniel Mudie Cunningham and DJ Stephen Allkins, I argue that the interconnections between visual, media and cultural artefacts are not merely an additive way to understand queer cultural geographies but rather signal intertwined geographic and aesthetic registers. In Boytown, the explicitly gay lyrics and imagery of Smalltown Boy are paired with other songs and music videos that connote queerness but also directly relate to suburban images of youthful alienation. The attachment to urban narratives and images is supplemented by this distinctly suburban attachment. In this article, I argue that conventional statistical figurations of changes to gay ghettoisation and now well-established critiques of queer urbanity are usefully combined and expanded by considering cultural attachment. This article demonstrates the generative intersection of creative geographies and geographies of sexualities attuned to the queer suburban.
The Scales for Assessing Emotional Disturbance–Third Edition: Reliability and Validity of the Screener
Authors: Huscroft-D’Angelo Jacqueline , Wery Jessica , Martin-Gutel Jodie D. , Pierce Corey , Loftin Kara
Published: July 2021

The Scales for Assessing Emotional Disturbance Screener–Third Edition (SAED-3) is a standardized, norm-referenced measure designed to identify school-age students at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Four studies are reported to address the psychometric status of the SAED-3 Screener. Study 1 examined the internal consistency of the Screener using a sample of 1,430 students. Study 2 investigated the interrater reliability of the Screener results across 123 pairs of teachers who had worked with the student for at least 2 months. Study 3 assessed the extent to which the results from the Screener are consistent over time by examining test–retest reliability. Study 4 examined convergent validity by comparing the Screener to the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Across all studies, samples were drawn from populations of students included in the nationally representative normative sample. The averaged coefficient alpha for the Screener was .88. Interrater reliability coefficient for the composite was .83. Test–retest reliability of the composite was .83. Correlations with the SDQ subscales ranged from .74 to .99, and the correlation of the Screener to the SDQ composite was .99. Limitations and implications for use of the Screener are discussed.