bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the Arthroscopic Location of the Center of the Anterior Horn During Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
Authors: Choi Nam-Hong , Hwangbo Byung-Hun , Kang Hang-Ki , Yang Bong-Seok , Victoroff Brian N.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Anatomic placement of the meniscal allograft is imperative to achieve satisfactory outcomes after meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT). Few studies have reported on the accuracy of the provisional location of the center of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (AHLM).

Hypothesis:

The authors hypothesized that the provisional center would not coincide with the anatomic center of the AHLM.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Tibial plateaus were retrieved from 93 consecutive patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. A complete radial cut was made 2 cm lateral to the insertion of the AHLM on the retrieved tibial plateau. While moving the stump of the anterior horn with forceps, the center of the insertion was determined, and a Kirschner wire (provisional wire) was drilled into the location. The insertion area of the AHLM was dissected carefully, and the periphery of the insertion area of the anterior horn was marked. Another Kirschner wire (anatomic wire) was drilled into the center of the dissected anterior horn. The resected tibial plateau was positioned so that the longitudinal line of the tibial plateau was aligned on a plastic ruler. The distance between the provisional and anatomic wires was measured by a digital caliper along the longitudinal and vertical axes.

Results:

The mean distance between the provisional and anatomic wires was 2.5 ± 1.2 mm. The provisional wire in 14 patients (15%) was placed at the anatomic center. In 36 patients (39%), the provisional wire was drilled anterolateral to the anatomic center, and in 18 patients (19%), the wire was drilled anteromedial to the anatomic center. In 21 patients (23%), the provisional wire was located within 2 mm of the anatomic center, and in 62 patients (67%), the wire was located within 3 mm of the anatomic center.

Conclusion:

The provisional wire was located a mean of 2.5 mm from the anatomic center, and only 23% of patients had wires that were located within 2 mm of the anatomic center. In 39% of patients, the provisional wire was drilled anterolateral to the anatomic center. This finding needs to be considered during lateral MAT.

Clinical Relevance:

Without dissection of the AHLM, the determination of the anatomic center of the anterior horn is not accurate during lateral MAT.
Are Patient-Reported Outcome Scores a Reasonable Substitute for Clinical Follow-up After Surgically Managed Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries?
Authors: Dey Hazra Rony-Orijit , Blach Robert Maximillian , Ziert Yvonne , Ellwein Alexander , Warnhoff Mara , Hanhoff Marek , Lill Helmut , Jensen Gunnar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Various clinical outcome scores have been described to evaluate postoperative shoulder function after operatively treated acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) instability. Clinical outcome scores can be divided between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and examiner-dependent outcome measures (EDOMs) after a clinical examination by a physician. The correlation between PROMs and EDOMs, and thus their interchangeability with regard to operatively treated ACJ instability, has not yet been evaluated.

Purpose:

To investigate whether PROMs are a reasonable substitute for EDOMs. Correlations between global shoulder (GS) and ACJ-specific outcome measures were also investigated.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included in this study were 131 consecutive patients with operatively treated ACJ instability between 2011 and 2017. Postoperative shoulder function was measured using PROMs, including the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Subjective Shoulder Test, and Nottingham Clavicle Score (NCS), and EDOMs, including the Constant-Murley score (CMS), Taft score, ACJ instability (ACJI) score, and SICK Scapula Score (SSS). Associations between PROM and EDOM scores were calculated using the Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients for linear and nonlinear variables, respectively, and were interpreted using the Cohen classification. The scores were further stratified into GS versus ACJ-specific measures.

Results:

A strong correlation was observed between several PROMs and EDOMs (CMS vs SSV [ r = 0.59; P = .02] and CMS vs NCS [ r = 0.79; P ≤ .001]) and between several GS and ACJ-specific scores (CMS vs NCS; CMS vs ACJI [ rs = 0.69; P < .001]; and CMS vs SSS [ r = –0.68; P < .001]).

Conclusion:

Based on the results of this study, PROMs such as the SSV (a GS measure) and the NCS (an ACJ-specific measure) can substitute for EDOMs.

Clinical Relevance:

PROMs that can be substituted for EDOMs can enable the conduct of clinical studies in circumstances in which in-person clinical follow-up of the patient by a physician is not possible.
Isolation and Characterization of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Comparative Analysis of Synovial Fluid, Adipose Synovium, and Fibrous Synovium of the Ankle Joint
Authors: Nakashima Hirotaka , Uchida Soshi , Hatakeyama Akihisa , Murata Yoichi , Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Tsukamoto Manabu , Sekiya Ichiro , Sakai Akinori
Published: May 2022

Background:

Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high proliferative potential and are considered an excellent source for stem cell therapy.

Purposes:

To isolate MSCs from the synovium of ankle joints in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and to compare the characteristics of MSCs derived from the synovium anterior to the talus with those from the surrounding anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) synovium.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

The synovium was harvested from 2 locations in the ankle, the synovium anterior to the talus and the surrounding ATFL synovium, of 14 patients who underwent arthroscopic ATFL repair for CLAI without osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). Synovial fluid was also harvested. MSCs were isolated from both types of synovial tissue, as well as synovial fluid. The number of MSCs in the synovium and their viability, proliferation, colony-forming units, and potential to differentiate into adipose, bone, and cartilage tissues were determined and compared between groups. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the differentiation capacity of adipose, bone, and cartilage tissues from both samples. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the sample weight, number of colonies, number of nucleated cells per colony, yield obtained, and phenotypic characteristics of MSCs derived from different locations of the synovium.

Results:

No significant differences were observed in the sample weight ( P = .051), number of nucleated cells per milligram ( P = .272), number of colonies ( P = .722), and yield obtained ( P = .099) between the 2 groups. MSCs could not be isolated from synovial fluid. The frequency of oil red O–positive adipogenic colonies ( P = .028) and the expression of the adipsin gene ( P < .05) were significantly increased in the cells from the synovium anterior to the talus compared to those in the cells from the surrounding ATFL synovium. However, chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

Synovial MSCs obtained from the ankle joint had self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, although the adipogenesis potential of MSCs from the synovium anterior to the talus was superior to that from the surrounding ATFL synovium.

Clinical Relevance:

Both the adipose synovium and fibrous synovium in the ankle joints of patients with CLAI may be a good source of MSCs for stem cell therapy applications, whereas synovial fluid appeared unsuitable.
Association of Insurance Status With Treatment Delays for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing Surgery for Patellar Instability
Authors: Allahabadi Sachin , Halvorson Ryan T. , Pandya Nirav K.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Health care disparities have been highlighted in pediatric sports medicine, but the association between insurance status and delayed care for patients undergoing surgery for patellar instability has not been defined.

Purpose:

To determine whether there is an association between insurance status and delays in care in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing surgery for patellar instability.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This was a retrospective case series at a safety-net tertiary referral center of pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing surgical treatment for patellar instability. Insurance status was classified as public or private. We calculated the times from injury to clinical evaluation, injury to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), injury to surgery, clinical evaluation to MRI, and clinical evaluation to surgery. Comparisons were made between insurance groups.

Results:

Included were 78 patients (38 public, 40 private insurance) who underwent surgery for patellar instability. The public insurance group was older ( P = .019), with a lower proportion of White patients (15.8% vs 52.5%; P = .0005), higher proportion with Hispanic ethnicity (55.3% vs 15.0%; P = .0001), and higher proportion of Spanish-speaking patients (21.1% vs 2.5%; P = .007). Publicly insured patients had longer times from initial injury to clinical evaluation (466 vs 77 days; P = .002), MRI (466 vs 82 days; P = .003), and surgery (695 vs 153 days; P = .0003), as well as a longer time from clinical evaluation to surgery (226 vs 73 days; P = .002). Multivariable models confirmed insurance status as an independent predictor in each of the identified delays.

Conclusion:

Significant delays were seen for pediatric and adolescent patients with patellar instability and public insurance (approximately 6 times longer to clinical evaluation, more than 5.5 times longer to obtain MRI, and 4.5 times longer to surgery) relative to injured patients with private insurance. Even after adjusting for delays to clinical evaluation, publicly insured patients had a delay from clinic to surgery that was triple that of privately insured patients.
Use of a Nanofiber Resorbable Scaffold During Rotator Cuff Repair: Surgical Technique and Results After Repair of Small- to Medium-Sized Tears
Authors: Seetharam Abhijit , Abad Joel , Baessler Aaron , Badman Brian L.
Published: May 2022

Background:

The rate of retear after primary rotator cuff failure remains unacceptably high (up to 36% for small- to medium-sized tears). Augmentation of cuff repair with scaffold devices has been reported to improve healing after cuff repair.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To describe the surgical technique of using an interpositional nanofiber scaffold during rotator cuff repair and report on a retrospective series of patients regarding functional outcomes and postoperative healing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that augmentation of cuff repair with an interpositional scaffold would result in a high rate of tendon healing and excellent functional outcomes.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 33 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair augmented with a nanofiber, bioresorbable polymer patch secured as an inlay between the tendon and underlying bone. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, and active range of motion (ROM) measurements. Postoperative MRI was used to evaluate repair status.

Results:

At a minimum follow-up of 6 months, the patients showed significant improvement on SST and ASES scores ( P < .0001 for both). ROM in forward flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation significantly improved at 6 months postoperatively ( P < .05 for all). MRI at an average of 11 months postoperatively showed healing in 91% of patients; one patient had a recurrent tear with transtendon failure, and another patient had retear at the insertional site. The patch was not visible on postoperative imaging, suggesting complete resorption in all patients. No adverse events were associated with the patch.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate the preliminary safety and efficacy of a novel, bioresorbable synthetic scaffold for rotator cuff repair. The use of the scaffold resulted in a 91% tendon healing rate and significant improvements in functional and patient-reported outcome measures. The results are promising for improving the current unacceptably high rate of rotator cuff repair failure.
Sex-Based Differences in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and the Effect of Cam Deformity Location on the Extent of Labral Tearing: A 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Alter Thomas D. , Knapik Derrick M. , Lambers Floor , Guidetti Martina , Chahla Jorge , Malloy Philip , Nho Shane J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Sex-specific quantification of cam morphology in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome may improve diagnostics, surgical planning, and outcomes.

Purpose:

To (1) examine differences between men and women with symptomatic cam deformities based on deformity location, magnitude, and extent; (2) assess the association between cam deformity and labral pathology; and (3) evaluate the relationship between cam deformity and patient-reported outcome measures after hip arthroscopy.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired in 98 consecutive patients before hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Custom software was used to generate 3-dimensional bone models and align them to a standard coordinate system. The alpha angle was measured at the 12-, 1-, 2-, and 3-o’clock positions, with 12 and 3 o’clock corresponding to the superior and anterior aspects of the femur, respectively. These alpha angle measurements were used to define the cam midpoint and extent. The labral tear midpoint and extent were evaluated intraoperatively. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between the cam and labral tear midpoints and between the extent of the cam morphology and labral tearing.

Results:

The 3-dimensional models were analyzed in a cohort of 69 female and 29 male patients. Male patients were older (mean ± SD, 38.9 ± 12.6 vs 30.7 ± 12.2 years, P = .006) and had a greater body mass index (27.8 ± 4.4 vs 25.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2, P = .005). Male patients had greater alpha angle measures at 12, 1, and 3 o’clock ( P < .05) and a greater maximum alpha angle (69.0° ± 18.8° vs 62.1° ± 21.0°, P = .031); the location of their maximum cam impingement was also significantly different ( P < .05) when compared with female patients. Cam impingement (2:06 ± 1:09 vs 1:33 ± 1:16 clockfaces, P = .032) and labral tearing (3:02 ± 0:35 vs 2:34 ± 0:53 clockfaces, P = .003) in men extended over a greater region of the femoral clockface when compared with women. Significant correlations were demonstrated between the cam and labral tear midpoint locations ( r = 0.190, P = .032) and the extent of the cam deformity and labral tearing ( r = 0.203, P = .024). There were no sex-based differences in patient-reported outcome measures at baseline or 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

Male patients possessed greater cam deformity magnitude and extent when compared with female patients. Cam pathomorphology was associated with the location and extent of labral tearing.
Midterm Outcomes After Arthroscopic Repair of Type VIII SLAP Lesions in Active Duty Military Patients Younger Than 35 Years
Authors: Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Fares Austin B. , Czajkowski Hunter , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata
Published: May 2022

Background:

Superior labrum from anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions represent a significant cause of shoulder pain and disability among active duty members of the US military. However, few data exist regarding the surgical management of type VIII SLAP lesions.

Hypothesis:

We hypothesized that arthroscopic repair would decrease pain and increase function at the midterm follow-up and allow for a high rate of maintenance of active duty status.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Consecutive active duty military patients were identified from January 2011 through June 2015 who underwent arthroscopic repair of type VIII SLAP lesions performed by a single surgeon. Patients were excluded if they underwent glenoid microfracture, other capsulolabral repair, or rotator cuff repair. Outcome measures were completed by patients within 1 week before surgery and at latest follow-up: pain visual analog scale, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score, and Rowe instability score.

Results:

A total of 30 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean ± SD follow-up was 96.60 ± 10.91 months. At final follow-up, the mean visual analog scale score improved from 8.17 ± 1.6 to 1.63 ± 1.90 ( P < .0001), the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score from 41.65 ± 16.78 to 87.63 ± 13.02 ( P < .0001), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score from 36.47 ± 10.26 to 88.07 ± 13.94 ( P < .0001), and the Rowe score from 35.33 ± 6.56 to 90.00 ± 14.68 ( P < .0001). Three patients reported postoperative complications, and 1 progressed to further surgery. Overall, 90% of patients remained on active duty military service and were able to return to preinjury levels of work and recreational activity. The failure rate, defined as persistent instability or activity-limiting pain, was 10%.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated favorable outcomes for the majority of patients after arthroscopic repair of type VIII SLAP lesions at midterm follow-up, supporting repair as a viable treatment option for type VIII SLAP tears in this patient population.
Outcomes After Repair of Quadriceps Tendon Rupture in Patients Aged 40 Years and Younger
Authors: Rao Somnath , Johnson Emma E. , D’Amore Taylor , Szeto Stanley , Otlans Peters , Cohen Steven B.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Injury to the quadriceps tendon is rare and most commonly occurs in middle-aged men. Few reports are available regarding outcomes after quadriceps tendon rupture in younger patients.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To review the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent quadriceps tendon repair at age ≤40 years. We hypothesized that this cohort would experience better clinical outcomes in comparison to historical older controls.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Using an institutional database, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent quadriceps tendon repair between January 2009 and December 2017. Patients were included in the study if they were aged ≤40 years at the time of surgery and had sustained an isolated, complete tendon rupture. Patient and injury characteristics were recorded. Patients were contacted to complete a custom survey, the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, the Lysholm scale, and the Tegner scale.

Results:

Included were 38 patients (86.8% male; mean age, 32.0 ± 6.9 years; age range, 15-40 years), with a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 2.3 years (range, 2.4-11.3 years). At final follow-up, the mean IKDC score was 74.1 ± 22.6 (range, 26.4-100.0), and the mean Lysholm score was 85.4 ± 20.0 (range, 30-100), which were similar if not inferior to historical controls of patients >40 years. Only 16 patients (42.1%) had unchanged or higher Tegner scores after surgery, whereas 22 patients (57.9%) reported lower postoperative activity level. Overall, 91.2% (31/34) of workers returned at a mean 3.9 months after surgery, whereas 63% (12/19) of athletes were able to return to play at 8.8 months. At final follow-up, 12 patients (31.6%) reported persistent pain and stiffness in their knees. Additionally, 3 patients (7.9%) reported pain without stiffness, and 4 (10.5%) reported stiffness without pain. Patients reporting pain or stiffness had significantly lower IKDC scores, Lysholm scores, postoperative Tegner scores, and change in their Tegner score at final follow-up in comparison to those who did not report pain or stiffness.

Conclusion:

Although patients aged ≤40 years had satisfactory outcomes after quadriceps tendon repair, this injury resulted in significant long-term sequelae in a substantial percentage of patients, despite their youth. Further, this group did not have better outcomes compared with historical controls aged > 40 years.
A Story About Speaking Up: Mediation Effects of Narrative Persuasion on Organizational Voice Intentions
Authors: Gans Roger , Zhan Mengqi
Published: May 2022

Despite well-recognized organizational benefits when speaking up is normative employee behavior, employees often remain reluctant to speak up in organizational settings. To date, strategies to promote speaking up have largely focused on policy and environmental factors, with scant attention paid to development of successful promotional messages. To explore message strategies for promoting speaking up, we randomly assigned participants ( N = 615) to four different message conditions and measured their voice intentions. Persuasive strategies incorporating storytelling were more effective in promoting speaking up than strategies without the storytelling component, with narrative transportation as a mediating factor. Transportation effects were inversely correlated with need for cognition and work engagement, suggesting the utility of story-based message strategies for impacting employees most likely to resist speaking up. This study contributes to the field as one of the first to connect the mechanisms of narrative persuasion to the effectiveness of storytelling in organizational communication.
Book review: S.K. Kumar, and S. Sarkar, eds., Contextualizing the body: An Indian Experience
Authors: Kochhar Rajesh
Published: May 2022

S.K. Kumar, and S. Sarkar, eds., Contextualizing the body: An Indian Experience (New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors), 2020, ₹1,650.
Book review: Suranjan Das and Achintya Kumar Dutta, Dreadful Diseases in Colonial Bengal: A Documentation
Authors: Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2022

Suranjan Das and Achintya Kumar Dutta, Dreadful Diseases in Colonial Bengal: A Documentation (Delhi: Primus Books), 2021, 397 pp., ₹1,250.
A Chapter in the History of Indian Social Thought: Irawati Karve’s Contributions as Public Intellectual
Authors: Paddayya K.
Published: May 2022

This article seeks to revisit the contributions of Professor Irawati Karve, one of the foremost anthropologists of twentieth-century India. In particular, it highlights her work as a public intellectual and draws attention to her views on various issues of general interest such as concept of culture and its origins and diversity, characters in the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, language policy, and ban on beef eating.
Book review: Suranjan Das, Interrogating Politics and Society: Twentieth-Century Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Mahajan Sucheta
Published: May 2022

Suranjan Das, Interrogating Politics and Society: Twentieth-Century Indian Subcontinent (New Delhi: Primus), 2014, 228 pp., ₹950 (Hb).
Book review: Ravi K. Mishra and Narendra Shukla, ed., Selected Works of C. Rajagopalachari: Vol. VI, 1936–39
Authors: Singh Neerja
Published: May 2022

Ravi K. Mishra and Narendra Shukla, ed., Selected Works of C. Rajagopalachari: Vol. VI, 1936–39 (New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan), 2021, 576 pp., ₹2,095 (Hb).
Book review: Geetanjali Srikantan, Identifying and Regulating Religion in India: Law, History and the Place of Worship
Authors: Mustafa Faizan
Published: May 2022

Geetanjali Srikantan, Identifying and Regulating Religion in India: Law, History and the Place of Worship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 2020, viii + 251 pp., ₹647 (Hb).
Women in Nepal and India (Fourth to Eighth Century): Fragments of Information Gleaned from Inscriptions
Authors: Tripathy Arpita
Published: May 2022

During the period of fourth–eighth century ad, women begin to appear as not only as queens but also as donors, burnt widows (satī) and female servants in inscriptions of both India and Nepal. In a patriarchal set-up, men dominated over women. Yet there were exceptions. Although widows were now encouraged to immolate themselves in the funeral pyres of their husbands, Prabhāvatī (from India) and Rājyavatī (from Nepal) as widows continued to control kingdoms that their husbands had left behind. The poorer economy of Nepal perhaps allowed women to exercise greater freedom than in India in some matters. An inscription from Nepal shows that a married woman had the freedom to remarry. No such instance has been found in inscriptions from India.
Barriers to Research Utilization in Nursing: A Systematic Review (2002–2021)
Authors: Jabonete Fritz Gerald V. , Roxas Rachel Edita O.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

There is an existing gap between what people learned from theory and what they clinically practiced, as revealed in research studies in nursing. This gap is primarily due to identified barriers in utilizing the research findings in actual nursing practice.

Objective

To present a scientific mapping of the Scopus-indexed literature published from 2002 to 2021, which studied barriers to research utilization in nursing using the BARRIER scale.

Methods

This systematic review utilized bibliometric analysis. One hundred seventy-nine extracted literature from Scopus was manually reviewed, and the study included 53 documents for further analysis.

Results

Remarkably, almost three-fourths of the documents identified setting-related factors as the most common barrier to research utilization in nursing (n = 39, 73.58%). This is followed by presentation-related factors (n = 16.98%) and nurse-related factors (n = 5, 9.43%), respectively. Findings revealed that insufficient time at work in implementing new ideas was perceived as the top barrier in research utilization in nursing.

Conclusion

It is crucial to determine the hindrances to the utilization of research findings. The results of this study establish the connection between research and evidence-based practice which stimulates in meeting the gap in the current nursing practice. Future studies must include research utilization studies that apply tools other than the BARRIER scale.
Cultivating a Dream as a Child Growing Up in the Deep South: Keeping the Dream Alive for Today’s Children
Authors: Edwards Patricia A.
Published: May 2022

The 2021 Oscar Causey Award Address presented at the Literacy Research Association by Professor Dr. Patricia A. Edwards is a response to two self-reflexive questions: “How were my dreams cultivated as a little Black girl growing up in Albany, Georgia during the mid-fifties. sixties, and early seventies?” and “What implications does my story have for cultivating the dreams of today's children?” To explore these questions, Edwards uses a qualitative methodology termed portraiture ( Lawrence-Lightfoot & Davis, 1997 ) to capture her insights and experiences, allowing her to “paint” rich pictures of the participants “in an effort to capture the complexity, dynamics, and subtlety of human experience and organizational life” (p. xv). Through portraiture, which relies heavily on the use of storytelling and narration, Edwards converts the term “research” into “I-search” ( Macrorie, 1988 ), affording her the opportunity to reflect on her lived experiences and share those moments and events with the world while also abolishing the “gaze” that some forms of quantitative and qualitative methodologies employ. In turn, she leverages narratives—via pictures, portraits, and audio—of her life as a Black girl growing up in Albany, Georgia, to construct meaning of her experiences and of her life. In doing so, Edwards highlights the impact of The Albany Civil Rights Movement in cultivating her dream. She invites teachers, school districts, literacy leaders, and the broader community to use her narrative portrait as a basis for creating a new norm that cultivates the dreams of young Black students, and of students of color in general.
The Philosophy of Value and Price
Authors: Simon Hermann
Published: May 2022

Value and price are the central hinges of a market economy. But we hardly ever link value and price to philosophy. What does philosophy have to do with value and price? Why should we look at something that is ubiquitous and mundane from a philosophical standpoint?
Toxic violence in marine sacrificial zones: Developing blue justice through marine democracy in Chile
Authors: Anbleyth-Evans Jeremy , Prieto Manuel , Barton Jonathan , Garcia Cegarra Ana , Muslow Sandor , Ricci Emilo , Campus Leonardo , Francisca Vergara Pinto
Published: May 2022

Marine sacrificial zones are planned areas dedicated to the toxic violence of carbo-chemical port development around the world. In the marine environment in Chile, repeated fisher led new social movements have been raised regarding the need to create laws controlling marine pollution from combined coal power station/extraction complexes and realise participatory blue epistemic justice. A series of case studies from across Chile demonstrate the importance of integrating fisher observations of contamination. Interviews and participatory GIS shows how fisher communities LEK observations can be integrated from Quintero, Mejillones and Coronel, which help generalise about the participatory solutions to the impacts of other coastal industrial complexes. The social protests of 2020–2021 opened up a new space for environmental rights through a successful campaign for a new Chilean constitution, the importance of which is shown by the politization of the violence of these sacrificial zones locally and globally. Differently to the creation of the constitution by the neoliberal dictatorship, the participatory space afforded by a people’s constitution through a plebiscite means that environmental justice concerns can be implemented in concrete form.
A close look at the EU–Turkey deal: The language of border externalisation
Authors: Casaglia Anna , Pacciardi Agnese
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the language of border externalisation processes by examining the knowledge that stands as the basis of the EU–Turkey deal and reports on its implementation, placing them in the context of the transformation of the EU border regime. It is the result of a study addressing the language and key concepts that organise border externalisation and its geographic and biopolitical episteme. Our interest lies in the production of knowledge emerging from the EU–Turkey deal, and its effects on both the mainstream discourse on migration and the legitimation and acceptance of violent border management practices. To do this, we offer an interpretation of the textual materials composing the deal as promoting a discourse on migrants that strictly categorises territories and peoples, and establishes geographies of control and hierarchies of deserving and undeserving subjects, by asserting new forms of biopolitical control and care over their bodies. The presentation of research results combines the extraction of keywords and sentences from the documents analysed with an interpretation of their epistemic strength in producing and promoting specific biased Eurocentric narratives on migrants and migration. At the core of the agreement’s texts we find the category of the ‘deserving migrant’ as increasingly defining and circumscribing mobility, and realised in the one-for-one swap policy.
Understanding and predicting the occurrence of void street interfaces
Authors: de Carvalho Filho Luiz , Sulis Patrizia
Published: May 2022

Void street interfaces (VSIs) – building plinths with restricted visual interaction, accessibility, and public use – constitute an urban feature often associated with undermining the public domain, limiting free access and preventing interaction between social groups. Moreover, VSIs have been described as products of inequality designed to segregate and hinder integration between public and private urban spaces. This study assesses VSIs across six cities in Brazil, a country notable for its profound inequality and sociospatial fragmentation. The main aims of this research are: (i) to develop and test a predictive model for VSIs using socioeconomic indicators drawn from open-source ground-truth data; (ii) to identify the variance of VSI within selected case studies. In the development phase of the predictive model, data from the city of Recife are used to build the model. The testing phase involves the analysis of VSIs in the cities of Fortaleza, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba and Porto Alegre. The model can potentially assist urban planners in better understanding and locating VSIs and mitigating undesirable outcomes.
Planning decentralized urban renewable energy systems using algal cultivation for closed-loop and resilient communities
Authors: Quan Steven Jige , Chang Soowon , Castro-Lacouture Daniel , Igou Thomas K , Dutt Florina , Ding Jiaqi , Chen Yongsheng , Pei-Ju Yang Perry
Published: May 2022

To tackle climate challenges, communities need to harvest renewable energy and resources on site locally to close the loops for enhancing the resilience of communities facing unpredictable and uncertain future changes. A decentralization planning of urban renewable energy systems is proposed by treating urban waste streams and producing biomass through applying algal biotechnology. When applying algal technology as a renewable and decentralized energy source in urban systems, the overall performance can vary by levels of urban nutrients, solar and CO2 resources, and the transportation cost when considering its application to different urban densities, urban form, and the spatial scale of urban settings. This research explores three potential impacts on the algal system’s energy performance: (1) urban density, (2) urban form in different contexts, and (3) spatial scale. The research examines the impacts by testing urban settings given in actual contexts in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Four neighborhoods representing the high-density urban, mid-density urban, mixed suburban, and typical suburban areas are investigated. The density-scale–performance relationships are explored through testing different urban forms of neighborhoods in both hypothetical and actual neighborhood settings. A GIS-based model is developed to estimate the overall energy performance of the decentralized renewable energy system in urban environments. Results show that the energy performance is positive mainly for high-density urban neighborhoods with small-to-medium scales, up to 0.36 MJ per ton of municipal solid wastes for actual settings and 0.37 MJ for hypothetical cases. Neighborhoods with higher density have higher energy performance while up scaling has negative effects on the energy performance with a low degree of significance. Optimal scales are found as a 1-km radius in real test beds and 1.3 km in hypothetical settings, in which the results show trade-offs between scaling effects in the system efficiency gain and the transportation cost increase.
Book review: Servant’s Pasts, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century South Asia
Authors: Dey Amit
Published: May 2022

Servant’s Pasts, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Century South Asia, Vol.1. Edited by Nitin Sinha, Nitin Varma and Pankaj Jha. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2019, 440 pp., ₹1350 (Hardback).
Adivasi Interface with Criminal Courts: A Research Study
Authors: Goyal Karan
Published: May 2022

Adivasi people form the most marginalized strata in Indian society. They are mostly underrepresented and are widely ignored while formulating public policies. The present form of the criminal justice system was an outcome of British domination over the Indian subcontinent and is equally applicable to the Adivasi people in most of the pockets. It is often felt that the justice system is alien to the conditions of this country. Adivasi people who have a unique, distinct culture might have felt the same way about this system as well. Here, in the present research article, the author, after conducting non-doctrinal research, has made certain points regarding the interface between Adivasi and criminal courts. An impactful study with clear policy decisions is the need of the hour in order to stop the marginalization of Adivasi people even in the name of providing them justice. A community that has totally different perceptions about crime and justice must be given the liberty to do justice among themselves.
Word, Books, and the World: Towards an Anti-caste Pedagogy
Authors: Pan Anandita
Published: May 2022

The reservation policy in India claims to address caste discrimination by promoting equality through economic and educational opportunities. Equal opportunities, however, do not often translate into equality. Education remains one of the most prominent tools used to disseminate dominant ideologies and perpetuate oppression. Whether it is the Brahmanical control over Vedic knowledge or the colonial validation of English education as a superior form of knowledge, education inculcates among the oppressed the legitimacy of oppression. The traditional method of education suffers from what Paolo Freire calls ‘narration sickness’. In this form of imparting knowledge, there is usually a teacher who narrates/implants knowledge on the patient, silent, objectified students. This article argues that the challenges towards an egalitarian pedagogy emanate from the social identities rooted in caste that travel across the classrooms. By linking education with the nexus of networks of exclusion, this article aims to offer possible ways to achieve an alternative, emancipatory pedagogy.
Reclaiming Ambedkar Within the Feminist Legacy
Authors: Patil Prachi
Published: May 2022

Historically analysing the presence of reformers and women’s liberators during the era of national struggle, Ambedkar emerges as a strong advocate of women’s rights in his times. This article discusses Dr B. R. Ambedkar’s role in empowering Dalit and caste-Hindu women through his social and legal strategies. The article begins with an analysis of Ambedkar’s sociological essay ‘Castes in India’ and his timeless analysis of ‘women as gateways of the caste system’. Furthermore, the article traces the national discourse on domesticity of Indian womanhood in Colonial India by analysing Ambedkar’s article in Bahishkrut Bharat on Grihalakshmification of the caste-Hindu woman. The article argues that Ambedkar’s advocacy for women’s entry into the public sphere through employment, as opposed to her domestication, redefined gendered labour within a modern caste society. Despite Ambedkar’s contribution to women’s rights in India, his acceptance in the mainstream feminist movement has been slow and reluctant. Ambedkar’s recognition in the mainstream feminist movement, I argue, results from constant effort and critique by Dalit women which has ruptured the elitist discourse of the mainstream feminist movement by pinpointing the prevalent caste-privilege and caste-blindness in these spaces.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Clinical Utility and Future Directions
Authors: Foulsham William , Chien Jason , Lenis Tamara Lee , Papakostas Thanos D.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

This work aims to review the principles of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), to survey its clinical utility, and to highlight the strengths of this technology as well as barriers to adoption.

Methods:

A literature review with editorial discussion of the current applications for OCTA is presented.

Results:

There have been recent advances in multiple domains in OCTA imaging, including devices, algorithms, and new observations pertaining to a range of pathologies. New devices have improved the scanning speed, signal-to-noise ratio, and spatial resolution and offer an increased field of view. New algorithms have been proposed to optimize image processing and reduce artifacts. Numerous studies employing OCTA have been published describing changes to the microvasculature in diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and uveitis.

Conclusions:

OCTA provides noninvasive, high-resolution volumetric scans of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. OCTA can provide valuable data to augment traditional dye-based angiography in a range of chorioretinal diseases.
Stakeholder perspectives on ‘Swiss quality’ healthcare in the context of inbound medical tourism to Switzerland: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Couceiro João , Elger Bernice S. , Satalkar Priya
Published: May 2022

Background

Global literature on medical travel focuses on patients from high-income countries traveling to middle-income countries reputed for providing high quality care at significantly lower costs. However, little is known about the movement of wealthy foreign patients to high-income countries such as the USA, the UK or Switzerland.

Objective

In this paper, we focus on Swiss medical tourism stakeholders and their strategies to attract a niche of self-paying foreign patients to undergo medical treatment in Switzerland. We describes how they harness the label of ‘Swiss quality’ healthcare to promote Switzerland in global medical travel industry.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 30 medical tourism stakeholders including 15 healthcare professionals (HCPs) treating self-paying foreign patients in publicly funded and privately owned hospitals in French- and German-speaking regions of Switzerland. The data were inductively coded using thematic analysis.

Results

We present their views on ‘Swiss quality’ healthcare under three themes: health-related human resources, Swiss medical infrastructure, and foreign patients’ perceived trust in the ‘Swiss quality’ label. Participants equated Switzerland's global image and ‘Swiss quality’ as a ‘brand’ and believed that foreign patients’ trust in ‘Swiss quality’ is a unique selling point of Swiss healthcare system.

Conclusion

By problematizing the use of ‘Swiss quality’ label to attract wealthy patients to Switzerland, we highlight a few ethical questions that deserve further scrutiny.
Evaluation of patient relatives’ opinions on physical restraint
Authors: Özdemir Ömer Fahri , Keçeci Ayla
Published: May 2022

Background

Most of the research on physical restraint is focused on determining patients’ experiences of restraint, the consequences of restraint, and healthcare professionals’ perceptions and attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine the opinions of the relatives of patients, who are a critical component of care, about physical restraint. The study used the mixed methods research approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative data collection methods.

Method

The study population consisted of 984 relatives of patients hospitalized in units where physical restraint was commonly applied between January 2018 and December 2018, and the sample consisted of 277 relatives of patients. The qualitative sample of the study consisted of 22 patient's relatives who were interviewed using the maximum diversity sampling method, a purposive sampling method. The quantitative data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, Chi Square (X2-Chi Square) test, and the qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.

Results

The results showed that consent for physical restraint was generally obtained from spouses, physical restraint was applied to prevent self-harm, but relatives of the patients were insufficiently informed and worried about complications. It was also found that the most frequent reasons for physical restraint were self-harm and facilitation of treatment and care for the male patients and the feeling of helplessness for the female patients.

Conclusion

It was determined that the relatives of patients regarded physical restraint for treatment positively, but they were worried about complications, and they were mostly insufficiently informed before the intervention.
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Distal Common Bile Duct: A Case of a Rare Type of Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kanagasabapathy Samalai , Subasinghe Duminda , Sivaganesh Sivasuriya , Wijesinghe Harshima
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare subtype of the conventional adenocarcinoma of the bile duct. The clinico-pathological characteristics of this entity are poorly understood partly due to its rarity.

Case Summary:

A 67-year-old ASA II male presented with obstructive jaundice subsequently complicated by cholangitis. CT abdomen showed dilatation of the intra and extrahepatic biliary tree. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a stricture with a mucosal growth at the ampulla of Vater. He had a pancreaticoduodenectomy and the distal common bile duct tumour identified in the specimen was on histology an adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the extrahepatic bile duct.

Discussion:

ASCs are considered to have more aggressive tumour biology compared to adenocarcinomas. The presence of a squamous component at the invasive front relates to its poor prognosis. Surgery is the curative option, but with a high propensity for early recurrence and distant metastases. The scarcity of reports on the clinicopathological course of ASC have resulted in a lack of standardised care pathways.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics, biological behaviour and disease progression of ASC will aid therapeutic options and prognostication.
Scaling out a palliative compassionate community innovation: Nav-CARE
Authors: Pesut Barbara , Duggleby Wendy , Warner Grace , Ghosh Sunita , Bruce Paxton , Dunlop Rowena , Puurveen Gloria
Published: May 2022

Background:

There is an urgent need for community-based interventions that can be scaled up to meet the growing demand for palliative care. The purpose of this study was to scale out a volunteer navigation intervention called Nav-CARE by replicating the program in multiple contexts and evaluating feasibility, acceptability, sustainability, and impact.

Methods:

This was a scale-out implementation and mixed-method evaluation study. Nav-CARE was implemented in 12 hospice and 3 nonhospice community-based organizations spanning five provinces in Canada. Volunteers visited clients in the home approximately every 2 weeks for 1 year with some modifications required by the COVID-19 public health restrictions. Qualitative evaluation data were collected from key informants ( n = 26), clients/family caregivers ( n = 57), and volunteers ( n = 86) using semistructured interviews. Quantitative evaluation data included volunteer self-efficacy, satisfaction, and quality of life, and client engagement and quality of life.

Findings:

Successful implementation was influenced by organizational capacity, stable and engaged leadership, a targeted client population, and skillful messaging. Recruitment of clients was the most significant barrier to implementation. Clients reported statistically significant improvements in feeling they had someone to turn to, knowing the services available to help them in their community, being involved in things that were important to them, and having confidence in taking care of their illness. Improvements in clients’ quality of life were reported in the qualitative data, although no statistically significant gains were reported on the quality of life measure. Volunteers reported good self-efficacy and satisfaction in their role.

Conclusion:

The feasibility, acceptability, and sustainability of the program were largely dependent on strong intraorganizational leadership. Volunteers reported that their involvement in Nav-CARE enabled them to engage in ongoing learning and have a meaningful and relational role with clients. Clients and families described the positive impact of a volunteer on their engagement and quality of life.