bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Prostitution Politics and Militarised Urban Prosperity in the US Military Camptown in Korea
Authors: Martin Bridget
Published: July 2023

Camptowns (kijich'on) are neighbourhoods located near US military bases in Korea that are organised around the military service economy, especially the sex industry. While most studies of Korean camptowns point to the US military's involvement with the camptown sex industry as evidence of US military imperialism, this article argues that since 2004 anti‐prostitution polices have been essential to stabilising American militarisation in Korea's urban realm. Focusing on Anjeong‐ri, a camptown located adjacent to Camp Humphreys, the largest overseas US military base on the planet, the article examines how Korean development actors invoke hierarchies of race, gender, sexuality, and class to distance the camptown from the sex industry and to construct the camptown as a space of militarised urban prosperity. By showing emerging ways in which US military empire works through anti‐prostitution policies and through the urban system in Korea, the argument poses a challenge to anti‐prostitution feminists who have long located evidence of American empire in the sex industry itself.
The impact of body mass index on oncological and surgical outcomes of patients undergoing nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ong Chloe S.H. , Law Terence Y.X. , Mok Alex , Ho Kenny S.C. , Wang Ziting , Chiong Edmund , Tiong Ho Yee , Teoh Jeremy Y.C.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on oncological (primary) and surgical (secondary) outcomes of patients who underwent nephrectomy, as obesity or high BMI is a known risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and predictor of poorer outcomes.

Methods

Studies were identified from four electronic databases from database inception to 2 June 2021, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis statement. The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with the identification number: CRD42021275124.

Results

A total of 18 studies containing 13 865 patients were identified for the final meta‐analysis. Regarding oncological outcomes, higher BMI predicted higher overall survival (BMI >25 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.85), cancer‐specific survival (BMI >25 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.50–0.73; BMI 25–30 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.95; BMI >30 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36–0.69), and recurrence‐free survival rates (BMI >25 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.63–0.82; BMI 25–30 vs BMI <25 kg/m2: HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.82). Those with a lower BMI fared better in surgical outcomes, such as operation time and warm ischaemic time, although the absolute difference was minimal and unlikely to be clinically significant. There was no difference between groups for length of hospital stay, intraoperative or postoperative complications, blood transfusion requirements, and conversion to open surgery.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that a higher BMI is associated with improved long‐term oncological survival and similar perioperative outcomes as a lower BMI. More research into the underlying biological and physiological mechanisms will enable better understanding of the effect of BMI, beyond mere association, on post‐nephrectomy outcomes.
The small molecule fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor infigratinib exerts anti‐inflammatory effects and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rajendran Ranjithkumar , Rajendran Vinothkumar , Böttiger Gregor , Stadelmann Christine , Shirvanchi Kian , von Au Laureen , Bhushan Sudhanshu , Wallendszus Natascha , Schunin Darja , Westbrock Victor , Liebisch Gerhard , Ergün Süleyman , Karnati Srikanth , Berghoff Martin
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose

Fibroblast growth factors and receptors (FGFR) have been shown to modulate inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). The selective FGFR inhibitor infigratinib has been shown to be effective in cancer models. Here, we investigate the effects of infigratinib on prevention and suppression of first clinical episodes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice.

Experimental Approach

The FGFR inhibitor infigratinib was given over 10 days from the time of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction or the onset of symptoms. The effects of infigratinib on proliferation, cytotoxicity and FGFR signalling proteins were studied in lymphocyte cell lines and microglial cells.

Key Results

Administration of infigratinib prevented by 40% and inhibited by 65% first clinical episodes of the induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In the spinal cord, infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages/microglia, destruction of myelin and axons were reduced by infigratinib. Infigratinib enhanced the maturation of oligodendrocytes and increased remyelination. In addition, infigratinib resulted in an increase of myelin proteins and a decrease in remyelination inhibitors. Further, lipids associated with neurodegeneration such as lysophosphatidylcholine and ceramide were decreased as were proliferation of T cells and microglial cells.

Conclusion and Implications

This proof of concept study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting FGFRs in a disease model of multiple sclerosis. Application of oral infigratinib resulted in anti‐inflammatory and remyelinating effects. Thus, infigratinib may have the potential to slow disease progression or even to improve the disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
Yield Curves for Main Street: Housing and financial capital returns in a developing economy
Authors: Ybrayev Zhandos , Orakbayev Yernur , Utarbayev Askar
Published: July 2023

Total housing real returns in large agglomerations in Kazakhstan are approximately 1% per year lower than in the rest of the country. Our results are also supportive of emerging literature, that housing real rent returns, adjusted for population, are generally lower in large agglomerations compared to the rest of the country. We indicate that within‐country heterogeneity of housing returns mainly result from the spatial concentration of economic activity in urban centers. Our findings also suggest that residential real estate in a developing economy produces higher returns compared to financial capital over the long‐run. At the same time, the volatility of holding housing investment is substantially higher than its “safe” alternative (i.e. deposit rate paid for savings deposits). As such, “Yield Curves for Main Street” concept refers to the general positive spread between total housing returns and financial capital returns in a developing economy.
Aggressive vocalizations during intergroup interactions in roost defense in the Spix's disk‐winged bat
Authors: Chaves‐Ramírez Silvia , Sagot Maria , Sánchez‐Chavarría Mariela , Chaverri Gloriana
Published: July 2023

Animals engage in agonistic interactions to gain exclusive access to territories and resources. Understanding these interactions in bats, however, has proven difficult given their high mobility and nocturnal habits. For bats, roosts are a critical resource; thus, the study of agonistic behaviors associated with the use of these resources could provide valuable information to understand how and whether individuals monopolize them. Here, we used Thyroptera tricolor to study agonistic behaviors associated with access to a roosting resource. We experimentally studied the behavioral responses of focal groups when interacting with different intruders during the occupation of an ephemeral roosting resource. We found that T. tricolor responds more aggressively to intruders than to members of its own group, increasing the number of aggressive vocalizations. We also found differences in the rate of agonistic behaviors based on the identity of the intruders. Specifically, we observed that bats produced a large number of aggressive vocalizations when interacting with nearby intruders, supporting the “nasty neighbor” hypothesis. This study provided the first empirical evidence that aggressive vocalizations may serve as a mechanism to defend and maintain exclusive roosting sites in social groups of T. tricolor.
Trends in adverse drug reactions related to oral weak opioid analgesics in therapeutic use in adults: A 10‐year French vigilances retrospective study
Authors: Caré Weniko , Pinel Sylvine , Dufayet Laurène , Langrand Jérôme , Micallef Joëlle , Vodovar Dominique
Published: July 2023

Aim

To describe the symptoms, patient demographics, and trends over time of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to weak opioid analgesics reported to the French vigilance networks.

Methods

Retrospective study of data from French Poison Control Centers and Pharmacovigilance Centers databases of weak opioid analgesics‐related ADRs cases, with high causality score, in adults, in therapeutic analgesic use, without co‐exposure, between 2011 and 2020.

Results

The number of cases was 388 in the Poisonings database and 155 in the Pharmacovigilance database; ratio of the number of these cases to all reported cases during the study period was 0.02% and 0.03%, respectively. Tramadol was most often involved (74% and 56.1%, respectively), followed by codeine (26% and 38.7%, respectively). There was no significant variation in the number of cases reported. Cases most often involved young adults (median age: 40 years) and mostly women (76%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were mostly reported (80% and 65%, respectively) as described in the Summary of Products Characteristics. Patterns of ADRs were comparable in both databases, except for codeine‐associated acute pancreatitis and anaphylaxis that were reported in the Pharmacovigilance database. No fatality was observed. Severity was more often observed in the Pharmacovigilance database (30%) than in the Poisonings database (moderate toxicity: 7%).

Conclusion

ADRs mostly occurred among young women using tramadol, without significant variation in the number of reported cases over time. Serious ADRs were more frequently reported to the Pharmacovigilance database, particularly for codeine. Women seemed to be at greater risk of ADRs.
Ephrin B/EphB in neuropathic pain: Role and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Kaur Sahibpreet , Bali Anjana , Singh Nirmal , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh
Published: July 2023

Ephrins are protein ligands that act through the tyrosine kinase receptor family, Eph receptors. The role of ephrin/Eph in the critical processes involved in the development of the nervous system, including axon guidance and cell migration, has been well documented. Moreover, studies have shown an upregulation of ephrin B1/EphB1 and ephrin B2/EphB2 in neuropathic pain of different etiology. The activation of the ephrin B/EphB system in the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord may be essential in initiating and maintaining neuropathic pain. Accordingly, it can be proposed that the pharmacological inhibitors of EphB receptors may be potentially employed to manage the manifestations of pain. One of the primary mechanisms involved in ephrin B/EphB‐mediated synaptic plasticity includes phosphorylation and activation of NMDA receptors, which may be secondary to activation of different kinases, including MAP kinases (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC), and Src family kinases (SFK). The other molecular mechanisms may include activation of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord, caspase‐3, calpain‐1, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase A (PKA), and cAMP Response Element‐Binding Protein (CREB). The present review discusses the role and molecular mechanisms involved in ephrin B/EphB‐mediated neuropathic pain of different etiology.
Antibiotic resistance, heteroresistance, and eradication success ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in children
Authors: Kotilea Kallirroi , Iliadis Eleni , Nguyen Julie , Salame Assad , Mahler Tania , Miendje Deyi Veronique Yvette , Bontems Patrick
Published: July 2023

Background

Antibiotic resistance is a well‐known factor ofHelicobacter pylorieradication failure. Heteroresistance indicates the coexistence of resistant and susceptible strains and might lead to underestimating antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility profile, the frequency of heteroresistance ofH. pyloristrains, and their effect on eradication success in a pediatric population.

Materials and Methods

Children aged 2–17 years who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2011 to 2019 with positiveH. pyloristatus were included. Susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion and E‐test. The difference in susceptibility profiles between isolates from the antrum and the corpus was used to detect heteroresistance. For those who received eradication treatment, we evaluated eradication rate and factors affecting treatment success.

Results

Inclusion criteria were met by 565 children. Strains susceptible to all antibiotics were detected in 64.2%. Primary resistance rates for clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET), levofloxacin (LEV), tetracyclin (TET), and amoxicillin (AMO) were 11%, 22.9%, 6.9%, 0.4%, and 0% and secondary resistance rates were 20.4%, 29.4%, 9.3%, 0%, and 0%. Heteroresistance was present in untreated children in 2%, 7.1%, 0.7%, 0.7%, and 0% for CLA, MET, LEV, TET, and AMO. First‐line eradication rates were 78.5% in intention‐to‐treat (ITT), 88.3% in full‐analysis‐set (FAS), and 94.1% in per‐protocol (PP). Factors affecting eradication success were the duration of treatment when the triple‐tailored treatment was used, the number of daily doses of amoxicillin administered, and the patient's adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

This study shows the presence of relatively low primary resistance rates forH. pyloriisolates but demonstrates the presence of heteroresistance in our population. Routine biopsies from the antrum and corpus must be considered for susceptibility testing to allow tailored treatments and increase eradication rates. Treatment success is affected by treatment choice, correct dosing of medications, and adherence. All these factors should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of an eradication regimen.
Healthy Parent Carers: Acceptability and practicability of online delivery and learning through implementation by delivery partner organisations
Authors: Garrood Alice , Bjornstad Gretchen , Borek Aleksandra , Gillett Annette , Lloyd Jenny , Brand Sarah , Tarrant Mark , Ball Susan , Hawton Annie , McDonald Annabel , Fredlund Mary , Boyle Fleur , Berry Vashti , Logan Stuart , Morris Christopher
Published: July 2023

Background

Parent carers of disabled children are at increased risk of physical and mental health problems. The Healthy Parent Carers (HPC) programme is a manualised peer‐led group‐based programme that aims to promote parent carer health and wellbeing. Previously, the programme had been delivered in person, with recruitment and delivery managed in a research context. This study explored implementation by two delivery partner organisations in the United Kingdom. Facilitator Training and Delivery Manuals were modified for online delivery using Zoom due to COVID‐19.

Methods

The study methodology utilised the Replicating Effective Programs framework. A series of stakeholder workshops informed the development of the Implementation Logic Model and an Implementation Package. After delivering the programme, delivery partner organisations and facilitators participated in a workshop to discuss experiences of implementing the programme. A wider group of stakeholders, including commissioners, Parent Carer Forums and charity organisations representatives and researchers subsequently met to consider the sustainability and potential barriers to delivering the programme outside the research context.

Results

This study explored implementation by two delivery partner organisations in the United Kingdom that were able to recruit facilitators, who we trained, and they recruited participants and delivered the programme to parent carers in different localities using Zoom. The co‐created Implementation Logic Model and Implementation Package were subsequently refined to enable the further roll‐out of the programme with other delivery partner organisations.

Conclusions

This study provides insight and understanding of how the HPC programme can be implemented sustainably outside of the research context. Further research will evaluate the effectiveness of the programme and refine the implementation processes.

Patient and Public Contribution

Parent carers, delivery partner organisation staff and service commissioners were consulted on the design, delivery and reporting of the research.
Effect of L‐4‐Thiazolylalanine (Protinol™) on skin barrier strength and skin protection
Authors: Haxaire C. , Liebel F. , Portocarrero Huang G. , Chen S. , Knapp E. , Idkowiak‐Baldys J. , Glynn J.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Skin barrier properties are critical for maintaining epidermal water content, protecting from environmental factors and providing the first line of defense against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the non‐proteinogenic amino acid L‐4‐Thiazolylalanine (L4) as a potential active ingredient in skin protection and barrier strength.

Methods

L4 on wound healing, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties were evaluated using monolayers and 3D skin equivalents. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was used in vitro as a strong indicator of barrier strength and integrity. Clinical L4 efficacy was assessed for the evaluation of the skin barrier integrity and soothing benefits.

Results

In vitro treatments of L4 show beneficial effects in wound closure mechanism, and we demonstrate that L4 anti‐oxidant benefits with markedly increased HSP70 and decreased reactive oxygen species production induced by UVs exposure. Barrier strength and integrity were significantly improved by L4, confirmed clinically by an increase in 12R‐lipoxygenase enzymatic activity in the stratum corneum. In addition, soothing benefits of L4 have been shown clinically with the decrease in redness after methyl nicotinate application on the inner arm and the significant reduction of the erythema and the skin desquamation on the scalp.

Conclusion

L4 delivered multiple skin benefits by strengthening the skin barrier, accelerating the skin repair process as well as soothing the skin and the scalp with anti‐inflammaging effects. The observed efficacy validates L4 as a desirable skincare ingredient for topical treatment.
Rendering natural collocations in a translation task: The effect of direction, congruency, semantic transparency, and proficiency
Authors: Sonbul Suhad , El‐Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Alharbi Rezan
Published: July 2023

Second language (L2) research has extensively examined various factors that might influence the processing and learning of collocations, including congruency, semantic transparency, L2 proficiency, and (to a limited extent) directionality. However, research examining the effect of these factors on the natural rendering of collocations by translation trainees is scarce. The present study aims to apply the factors identified in L2 research in a natural translation context. The aim is to examine whether such factors may influence rendering collocations naturally from the source language to the target language. Ninety‐two Arabic–English translator trainees took part in the study. They translated short equivalent passages containing 40 collocations in both directions (Arabic—English and English—Arabic). A mixed‐effects model was fit to examine factors that may predict the production of a natural collocation: translation direction, L1 congruency, semantic transparency, and proficiency. Results showed no differences between the production of natural collocations to and from the native language. However, there was a significant effect of congruency and semantic transparency; congruent collocations and collocations that had a transparent meaning were more likely to be rendered naturally. Moreover, estimated proficiency level in English modulated congruency effects in that the difference between congruent and incongruent items declined as estimated proficiency increased. Results of the present study suggest that second language models and translation models should incorporate semantic transparency of collocations. Moreover, the results imply that collocations and their properties should be explicitly taught in translation classrooms.
The Global Leadership Mentoring Community: An evaluation of its impact on nursing leadership
Authors: Rosser Elizabeth A. , Edwards Samantha , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Ito Misae , Potter Danita R. , Hodges Kimberly T. , Buckner Ellen
Published: July 2023

Aim

To evaluate a year‐long mentorship program, pairing nurses from different regions across the world to support their global leadership capability, and identifying additional consequences of their participation.

Background

Investment in developing nurse leaders continues as a strategic global imperative. Building on the first cohort's recommendations, this second program illustrates continued progress.

Program evaluation

Using the logic model of program evaluation, this non‐empirical paper uses data collected from anonymized questionnaires and participants’ stories to help improve the program, illustrating innovative practices to develop the confidence and competence of emerging and established nurse leaders globally.

Discussion

The value of mentorship was recognized, and there were gains for both mentors and mentees in the development of leadership confidence and competence. Through engagement and collaboration with the whole community, participants were encouraged to understand their own and others’ cultures avoiding assumptions and stereotypes.

Conclusion

This evaluation illustrates that in addition to helping improve future programs, mentorship has enabled the growth of individuals’ skill sets and the confidence to reach out to peers across the world to understand the meaning of global health and to make a meaningful contribution to the challenges they face.

Implications for nursing practice

Nurse managers should be encouraged to develop and formalize a mentoring culture to benefit the leadership competence and well‐being of their workforce.

Implications for nursing policy

Every nurse has a responsibility to invest in nursing leadership for themselves and others. Mentorship can assist nurse leaders to build workforce capability to lead and contribute to the policy agenda locally, nationally, and internationally. Starting early and at the individual level, global mentorship programs can develop leadership expertise to help nurses find their voice and strengthen their confidence and competence to lead and therefore build the strategic leaders of the future.
Political institutions and corporate risk‐taking: International evidence
Authors: Bao Helen X. H. , Cardoza Rohan
Published: July 2023

Tapping into firm‐level accounting data across 90 countries over a 26‐year period, we find that sound political institutions are positively associated with corporate risk‐taking. This result is economically significant, robust to alternative proxies for corporate risk‐taking and political institutions, and continues to hold after mitigating endogeneity concerns of political institutions. We also collect evidence that sound political institutions may compensate for weak legal institutions in inducing corporate risk‐taking. We argue that sound political institutions improve the investment environment for firms and can induce higher levels of corporate risk‐taking, which is ultimately associated with economic growth.
Competing in daily fantasy sports using generative models
Authors: Mlčoch David , Hubáček Ondřej
Published: July 2023

We introduce a model for competing in daily fantasy sports competitions. Our approach combines modeling of players' fantasy points and subsequent lineup optimization. The distribution of fantasy points was estimated using an ensemble of generative models. We designed a mixed‐integer quadratic program to optimize not only the average fantasy points but also the variance and covariance of players' fantasy points to exploit the top‐heavy payout structures. We tested our approach on real‐world data. Over eight weeks, the model generated a profit of €2439 with an initial investment of €7133, resulting in a return on investment of over 34%.
Barriers and enablers to screening, management and referral of sleep disorders in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Le Grande Michael R. , Murphy Barbara , Kerr Debra , Beauchamp Alison , Driscoll Andrea , Jackson Alun C.
Published: July 2023

Aims

To examine healthcare professional's knowledge about assessment and management of sleep disorders for cardiac patients and to describe the barriers to screening and management in cardiac rehabilitation settings.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study. Data were collected via semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

In March 2022, a total of seven focus groups and two interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals who currently work in cardiac rehabilitation settings. Participants included 17 healthcare professionals who had undertaken cardiac rehabilitation training within the past 5 years. The study adheres to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. An inductive thematic analysis approach was utilized.

Results

Six themes and 20 sub‐themes were identified. Non‐validated approaches to identify sleep disorders (such as asking questions) were often used in preference to validated instruments. However, participants reported positive attitudes regarding screening tools provided they did not adversely affect the therapeutic relationship with patients and benefit to patients could be demonstrated. Participants indicated minimal training in sleep issues, and limited knowledge of professional guidelines and recommended that more patient educational materials are needed.

Conclusion

Introduction of screening for sleep disorders in cardiac rehabilitation settings requires consideration of resources, the therapeutic relationship with patients and the demonstrated clinical benefit of extra screening. Awareness and familiarity of professional guidelines may improve confidence for nurses in the management of sleep disorders for patients with cardiac illness.

Impacts

The findings from this study address healthcare professionals' concerns regarding introduction of screening for sleep disorders for patients with cardiovascular disease. The results indicate concern for therapeutic relationships and patient management and have implications for nursing in settings such as cardiac rehabilitation and post‐cardiac event counselling.

Reporting Method

Adherence to COREQ guidelines was maintained.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution as this study explored health professionals' experiences only.
Selective European Solidarity: How Recipient Country Characteristics Shape Support for International Redistribution in Europe
Authors: Afonso Alexandre , Negash Samir
Published: July 2023

This article analyses how the characteristics of recipient countries shape individual support for international redistribution in Europe. Whilst a growing body of research has looked into the determinants of support for international redistribution, we argue that individuals may not be willing to redistribute in equal measure to any foreign country. We use data from a survey asking respondents in 14 European countries whether they think their governments should provide financial help to 35 [European Union (EU) and non‐EU] foreign countries in the event of a major crisis. We show that individuals are more likely to support helping foreign countries that speak the same language, are geographically close, have deeper trade links, are poorer than their own and are also EU members. Individuals who are more sceptical towards international redistribution are more likely to discriminate amongst foreign countries in their support for redistribution across borders.
Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans
Authors: Yagihashi Soroku
Published: July 2023

Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
First insights into the activity of major digestive enzymes in the intestine of the European catfish Silurus glanis and protective anti‐enzymatic potential of its gut parasite Silurotaenia siluri
Authors: Frolova Tatyana V. , Izvekov Evgeny I. , Izvekova Galina I.
Published: July 2023

The European catfish Silurus glanis is attracting growing interest as an object of fisheries and aquaculture, which is reinforced by the expansion of its natural range under climate change. Shaping the effective exploitation strategy for this valuable species requires detailed knowledge of its biology, including feeding and digestion processes, especially near the natural limits of the species range. Meanwhile, the digestion physiology of the European catfish remains poorly explored, including the activity of major digestive enzymes and the possible effect of intestinal parasites on this activity. In this regard, the activity of proteinases and α‐amylase in the intestinal mucosa of the catfish was studied. Adult catfish were collected in the Rybinsk reservoir (Upper Volga) located close to the northern limit of the species range. It was shown that all subclasses of intestinal digestive proteinases, including serine proteinases, metalloproteases and cysteine (thiol) proteinases, function in the gut mucosa of the catfish. The mucosal levels of total proteolytic activity depended on fish size, in contrast to those of trypsin, chymotrypsin and α‐amylase. The level of chymotrypsin activity was significantly higher than that of trypsin activity. It was also found that the incubation medium and extract of the cestodes Silurotaenia siluri parasitizing the catfish gut had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of serine proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) operating in the intestines of the host fish.
Identification of genetic variations related to pathogenicity by whole genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenesSMFM2019‐FV16 isolated from enoki mushroom
Authors: Choi Suyoun , Choi Yukyung , Seo Yeongeun , Lee Soomin , Yoon Yohan
Published: July 2023

In this study, the characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) collected from May to July 2019 were analyzed. The isolates were analyzed for strain characteristics, hemolysis, antibiotic resistance, heat resistance, and virulence genes (inlA, inlB, actA, plcB, and hlyA) were analyzed, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed for the strain with the highest risk. Seven isolates were obtained from some enoki mushroom samples. All isolates were β‐hemolytic and had virulence genes. Antibiotic resistance test showed multi‐drug resistance in L. monocytogenes strain SMFM2019‐FV15 and SMFM2019‐FV16. L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 showed higher heat resistance than the other isolates. According to the results L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 was selected as the strain with the highest risk. WGS for L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 showed that it had 14 antibiotic resistance genes and 43 virulence genes, and 35 single nucleotide variants in the 43 virulence genes were observed. These results indicate that these genetic variations might be related to the high risk of L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16.
Artificial evolution of OsEPSPS through an improved dual cytosine and adenine base editor generated a novel allele conferring rice glyphosate tolerance
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhong Xue , Li Shaoya , Yan Lei , Li Jingying , He Yubing , Lin Yong , Zhang Yangjun , Xia Lanqin
Published: July 2023

Exploiting novel endogenous glyphosate‐tolerant alleles is highly desirable and has promising potential for weed control in rice breeding. Here, through fusions of different effective cytosine and adenine deaminases with nCas9‐NG, we engineered an effective surrogate two‐component composite base editing system, STCBE‐2, with improved C‐to‐T and A‐to‐G base editing efficiency and expanded the editing window. Furthermore, we targeted a rice endogenous OsEPSPS gene for artificial evolution through STCBE‐2‐mediated near‐saturated mutagenesis. After hygromycin and glyphosate selection, we identified a novel OsEPSPS allele with an Asp‐213‐Asn (D213N) mutation (OsEPSPS‐D213N) in the predicted glyphosate‐binding domain, which conferred rice plants reliable glyphosate tolerance and had not been reported or applied in rice breeding. Collectively, we developed a novel dual base editor which will be valuable for artificial evolution of important genes in crops. And the novel glyphosate‐tolerant rice germplasm generated in this study will benefit weeds management in rice paddy fields.
Effects of oral function and depressive tendencies on nutritional status in older adults requiring support or low‐level care: An investigation using path analysis
Authors: Nagata Minaka , Suzuki Keiko
Published: July 2023

Aim

This study investigated the effects of differences in oral function and depressive tendencies on nutritional status in older adults requiring support or low‐level care.

Methods

In 106 older adult participants residing in nursing/care homes or participating in community‐level preventive care activities, the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA®‐SF) for nutritional status and oral diadochokinesis (ODK), tongue pressure, and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) for oral function, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Diet‐Related Quality of Life Scale‐Short Form (DRQOL‐SF), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were administered. Basic information, including cognitive function, was evaluated. Hierarchical MNA (dependent variable)‐based multiple regression analysis was performed, followed by path analysis using factors with significant associations with MNA scores.

Results

RSST, ODK, tongue pressure, FIM, and DRQOL were positively correlated with MNA scores and GDS was negatively correlated. Hierarchical multiple regression demonstrated associations with tongue pressure, GDS, FIM, DRQOL scores, and gender. Path analysis confirmed significant paths from tongue pressure to MNA, tongue pressure to FIM, and FIM to MNA (P < .001). Significant paths were confirmed from GDS to MNA (P < .01), from DRQOL to MNA (P < .05), and from gender to MNA (P < .01).

Conclusions

Tongue pressure, GDS, FIM, DRQOL scores, and gender were identified as factors that directly affect MNA. Tongue pressure showed the greatest effect and indirectly affected MNA via FIM. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection of low nutritional risk for preventing depression and oral function deterioration, and of evaluation of dietary satisfaction and improvement of quality of life in diets.
Does the dose matter? Antiproliferative efficacy and toxicity of everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors – Experiences from a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Melhorn Philipp , Macheiner Simon , Wolff Ladislaia , Kretschmer‐Chott Elisabeth , Haug Alexander , Mazal Peter , Raderer Markus
Published: July 2023

The mTOR‐inhibitor everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) but is associated with relevant toxicities in clinical practice. Hence, optimal treatment sequencing and the impact of dose reductions have yet to be clarified. This retrospective analysis assessed patients with advanced, well‐differentiated NET treated with everolimus at the Medical University of Vienna. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus in a real‐world cohort. A total of 52 patients treated with everolimus for advanced NET grade 1 (G1) or G2 (or typical or atypical carcinoid) 2010–2021 were included in this analysis. The most common sites of origin were pancreas (44%) and lung (29%). The initial dose was decided by the treating physician based on clinical assessment and 25 patients (48%) each were started at 10 mg/day and 5 mg/day. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) following everolimus in the overall cohort was 9.8 months (95% CI: 4.3–15.3), with a statistically significant PFS difference (p = .03) between NET G1/typical carcinoids (42.9 months) and NET G2/atypical carcinoids (8.9 months). PFS was numerically but not significantly shorter in patients treated with a reduced dose (7.5 months vs. 12.4 months, p = .359). Even in this mixed full/half dose cohort, 93% developed treatment‐related side effects (mostly grade I, no grade IV), 63% had dose reductions or interruptions, and five stopped due to toxicity. Median survival following treatment was 40.9 months (95% CI: 21.5–60.3) and no difference with regard to dosing was observed (p = .517). These data from an unselected patient cohort show long‐term outcomes similar to those reported in the pivotal studies. Comparing everolimus starting dose, median PFS did not significantly differ for patients treated at a lower dose. While this finding is limited by the sample size and warrants prospective verification, initiating therapy at a reduced dose might be practicable and safe in a distinct subset of patients.
Curcumin alleviates hypertrophic scarring by inhibiting fibroblast activation and regulating tissue inflammation
Authors: Fei Huanhuan , Qian Yao , Pan Tianyun , Wei Ying , Hu Yun
Published: July 2023

Background

Hypertrophic scar (HS) that can lead to defects in appearance and function is often characterized by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and excessive inflammation. Curcumin has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects and to play an anti‐fibrotic role by interfering transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads signaling pathways.

Aim

To study the effect and mechanism of curcumin on HS from the perspective of fibroblast activity and inflammation regulation.

Methods

Cell proliferation, migration and the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) of TGF‐β1‐induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated by curcumin were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, Transwell assay, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. The expression of TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway‐related molecules (TGF‐β1, TGFβ‐R1/2, p‐Smad3, Smad4) was detected by Western blotting. In a rabbit ear model, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's staining were conducted to assess scar elevation and collagen deposition, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the activation of fibroblasts and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Results

Curcumin inhibited proliferation, migration and α‐SMA expression of HDFs in a dose‐dependent manner. Curcumin (25 μm mol/L) did not regulate the expression of endogenous TGF‐β1, but suppressed Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, leading to lower α‐SMA expression. Curcumin also reduced hypertrophic scarring of rabbit ear, accompanied by the inhibited TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway, inflammatory infiltration and M2 macrophage polarization.

Conclusion

Curcumin plays an anti‐scar role through regulating fibroblast activation and tissue inflammation. Our findings provide scientific reference for the clinical use of curcumin in the treatment of HS.
What adds to job ads? The impact of equality and diversity information on organizational attraction in minority and majority ethnic groups
Authors: Heath Amanda J. , Carlsson Magnus , Agerström Jens
Published: July 2023

Prior research suggests that job search activities of underrepresented groups are sensitive to diversity cues in recruitment materials, but less is known about the impact of different types of cues. Despite widespread use, employment equality monitoring (EM), or data collection on legally protected characteristics (like gender or ethnic background), has received scant empirical attention. Two experiments used fictitious job advertisements to examine the effects of a strong equality/diversity/inclusion (EDI) value statement and descriptions of EM use by employers. In Study 1, we found that advertisements containing an EDI statement and a statement of EM together produced the highest ratings of organizational prestige, and, in minority respondents, stronger job‐pursuit intentions. Study 2 examined various framing conditions of EM using a between‐subjects design. The inclusion of any EDI information was positively received, but minority ethnicity respondents were less positive when an EM statement was provided without an explanation for why it is done. The practical implications are that both value statements and EM information together could help increase attraction among jobseekers from underrepresented groups, with potential to contribute to diversity branding. However, minority groups are still sceptical of employer EDI credibility and employers must do more than talk the talk.
The connections between personality, ideology and (counter‐)empathic emotions depend on the target
Authors: Hudson Sa‐kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Uenal Fatih
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Examine the group‐specific connections between personality, ideology, and the moral emotions of empathy and schadenfreude.

Background

Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial or spiteful harmful behaviors respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we examine two prominent motivators of emotions: personality traits and ideology. Previous work has found that people’s ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group‐based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, personality traits of low agreeableness, low openness, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA.

Method

In the research presented here (Study 1 n = 492; Study 2 n = 786), we examine the relationships between personality traits, ideology, and emotions for groups that are perceived to be dangerous and competitive. We hypothesize that SDO and RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards unique groups. SDO will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards competitive, low‐status groups while RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating left‐wing authoritarianism as well.

Results

We find broad support for our expectation that the relationships between personality and emotions, as well as ideology and emotions, depend on the specific group in question.

Conclusions

These results help expand the dual process motivational model of prejudice and suggest the importance of specifying a target group when assessing relationships between personality, ideology, and emotions.
Fractional derivative modeling for characterizing stress relaxation properties of Hami melon during drying
Authors: Yang Yumin , Yu Jinghu , Zhou Xingyu , Qian Shanhua , Zhu Fangyong
Published: July 2023

The viscoelastic properties of food materials will change significantly while drying is in progress, which greatly influences the food deformation caused by drying. This study aims to predict the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of Hami melon during drying using the fractional derivative model. To characterize the relaxation characteristics, based on the finite difference method, an improved Grünwald–Letnikov fractional stress relaxation model is proposed to derive an approximate discrete numerical solution of the relaxation modulus by applying the time fractional calculus. The Laplace transform method is used to verify the obtained results, and the equivalence of the two methods is proved. In addition, the stress relaxation tests prove that the fractional derivative model has a better prediction effect on the stress relaxation behavior of viscoelastic food than classical Zener model. The significant correlations between the fractional order and the stiffness coefficient and the moisture content is also studied. Which is negative correlation and positive correlation respectively.
Persistent low prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination among people with HIV: Time for a change?
Authors: Garcia Angie , Vigil Karen J. , Taylor Barbara , Kshirsagar Onkar , Thamer Mae , Jain Mamta K.
Published: July 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). HBV vaccination provides protection from infection; however, vaccination rates are low. We conducted a retrospective analysis at three HIV centres in Texas to determine the proportion of PLWH who received the recommended 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine within 1 year. Factors associated with vaccination completion were explored. In our sample of three sites in a state with high HIV transmission and high rates of liver disease from 2011 to 2021, showed low rates of hepatitis B vaccination. Among eligible PLWH, only 9% completed the 3‐dose hepatitis B vaccine series in 1 year. There is an urgent need to improve HBV vaccination to reach 2030 target for hepatitis B elimination.
Is there a happy culture? Multiple paths to national subjective well‐being
Authors: Pereira Maria C. , Coelho Filipe , Silva Graça Miranda
Published: July 2023

This study relies on a novel research approach to analyze how national income, income inequality, institutional quality, and culture combine to generate different recipes for eliciting subjective well‐being (SWB). Specifically, we use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, which facilitates the study of the combinations of conditions (paths) that act synergistically to achieve a certain outcome. The study uses data from over 70 countries and finds several combinations of conditions for different periods which lead equally to high SWB, as well as several configurations equally leading to low SWB. Additionally, we find that high national income, income equality, high‐quality institutions, and each of the cultural dimensions are not necessary conditions for high SWB. However, high‐power distance and low individualism are necessary conditions to achieve low SWB. The results for a few individual conditions are in line with previous studies, but we also determine that the effect of the remainder depends on the other conditions present in each combination. Overall, the results deliver an original and contrasting view of the factors leading to a nation's high or low SWB.