bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The treatment of chronic wounds using bacteriophages
Authors: Bil Katarzyna , Kiełbasa Justyna , Kowalczyk Agata , Zozula Natalia , Latała Aleksandra , Ślesicka Iga , Rykucka Aleksandra , Wąs Marcin , Przestrzelska Magda , Tomczewska Zuzanna
Published: June 2024

Introduction and aim of study: Chronic wounds are increasingly challenging global healthcare. These wounds, which take over 3 months to heal, are complicated by untreated infections and the formation of biofilm, hindering healing and antibiotic effectiveness. To tackle these issues, new treatments like bacteriophage therapy are being explored. Bacteriophages, viruses that target bacteria, offer promise in overcoming antibiotic resistance. However, their use presents challenges that need to be addressed.
Material and methods:  Our review is based on the analysis of materials collected in Pubmed, Elsevier and other scientific articles using keywords: “chronic wound”, “chronic wounds infection”, “biofilms”, “MDR”, “bacteriophage”, “phage therapy”.
Conclusions: The rise of chronic wounds due to resistant infections poses a significant challenge for patients and healthcare systems. Multidrug-resistant bacteria, often forming biofilm, evade current treatments, urging the search for alternatives. Phage therapy, showing efficacy against various stubborn infections, including those from surgery or diabetes, gains attention. Advanced delivery systems enhance targeted treatment, while phage cocktails improve effectiveness, especially against multiple resistant strains. Safety is generally observed, but larger trials are needed. Though not a replacement for antibiotics, phage therapy offers hope, needing robust clinical validation. While challenges exist, its societal, commercial, and economic benefits suggest a promising future beyond clinical use.
Various aspects of bariatric surgery - a review
Authors: Jerzak Aneta , Jakubowska Katarzyna , Janocha Aleksandra , Ziemba Paweł
Published: June 2024

Introduction and purpose
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that has recently reached epidemic proportions. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of this disease tripled since 1975, reaching 13% of the global population in 2016. A body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m² is typically the reference point for obesity in adults, and the mortality risk associated with obesity increases by 100% at BMI > 40 kg/ m² compared to individuals with normal body weight. The aim of the article is to present the benefits of bariatric surgery, encompassing not only weight loss but also a range of other advantages for obese patients undergoing the procedure.
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed databases is searched through the words such as obesity, bariatric surgery.
Description of the state of knowledge:
The literature review shows the breadth of the issue. Obesity constitutes a public health crisis and a significant risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and numerous others. Since in most cases, lifestyle optimization and low-calorie diet alone are not sufficient, pharmacological interventions as well as surgical interventions are often necessary. Bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment option, as it has been demonstrated to not only reduce body weight but also decrease mortality from cardiovascular diseases and extend overall life expectancy.
Conclusions
The benefits, complications, and selection of the best surgical method for treating obesity are still under investigation. However, research demonstrates the long-term effectiveness of bariatric surgery in weight loss and the remission of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, as well as in preventing obesity-related cancers.
Nuevos derechos laborales para nuevos tiempos: reflexiones sobre el derecho a la reducción de la jornada laboral.
Authors: Torres García Bárbara
Published: June 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental realizar una primera aproximación a la propuesta relativa a la reducción de la jornada laboral. El estilo elegido para ello se basa en una línea macro-analítica de exposición de las principales características de la medida planteada y sobre las que el legislador debería reparar en la formulación de esta nueva medida. En adición, se ofrece un estudio crítico de la obligación empresarial de registro horario.
O niezbędności czynników społecznych i kulturowych dla rozwoju nauki
Authors: Gołosz Jerzy
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to defend the view that social and cultural factors are indispensable for the development of science. The author maintains that it is possible to emphasise the impossibility of creating science outside society, but this does not necessarily lead to cultural or social relativism; on the contrary, it is possible to reconcile such a view with scientific realism and truth understood in the classical sense. This view is defended in the following paragraphs by referring to the language, scientific practice and the necessity of criticism in science, and by pointing in each case to the socio-cultural context in which they function. It is claimed that without the socially developed language necessary for the formulation of our ideas and their exchange, the social practice that introduces us to scientific research and enables it, and the criticism necessary for the development of scientific theories, the emergence and development of a science describing our world would be impossible.
Dowcip egzystencji
Authors: Kowalczewska Alicja
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes the concept of Sein-zum-Unfug, being-towards-mischief, as an existential attunement and stance that can be adopted in response to the absurdity of existence. The starting point is the discussion of the existential thought of Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus in order to present the issues of absolute freedom, the absurdity of existence, despair, searching for authentic existence, and possibilities of giving meaning. The paper then analyses possible approaches to the above-mentioned issues. In this context, it discusses the possibilities given by humour, also in reference to the thought of Søren Kierkegaard and the function of play discussed by Johan Huizinga. The concept of Sein-zum-Unfug is then presented in relation to literary examples. The paper proposes a comparison of William Shakespeare’s Puck with Carl Gustav Jung’s trickster archetype, also reflecting on the functions of the unconscious and dream with regard to the development of the crucial existential approach. Finally, André Gide’s The Counterfeiters and Jorge Louis Borges’ Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote are interpreted in the spirit of playing with conventions and subversive creative activity.
O Jungowskich archetypach słów kilka
Authors: Skibowski Jędrzej
Published: June 2024

In this paper I present Jung’s understanding of the concept of archetype, its genealogy, its earlier pre-Jungian history of use, and then address the issues of misinterpretation and misunderstanding associated with it. I acknowledge that there are in fact two major Jungian texts explaining the meaning of the concept with all the ontological and epistemological value: 1919’s Instinct and the Unconscious and 1954’s On the Nature of the Psyche, in which Jung does not stipulate that he does not wish to speculate about the nature of the phenomenon and does not shy away from ontologically loaded statements. I also show that the common understanding that equates archetypes with Platonic ideas is, according to Jung himself, one-sided and thus no more grounded and legitimate than the opposing position historically represented by the nominalists. Ultimately, I point to an evolving understanding of the concept itself from the purely psychic to a concept relating to the essential structures of reality. The last formulation, which was developed in collaboration with one of the founders of quantum physics; the Nobel Prize winner Wolfgang Pauli, is also indicative of the progressive abstraction of Jungian theory, which is reflected in the introduction of the name Complex Psychology.
John Locke jako krytyk filozofii Nicolasa de Malebranche’a
Authors: Spryszak Przemysław
Published: June 2024

This paper briefly examines John Locke’s critique of the philosophy of Nicholas de Malebranche, chiefly aimed at his quite paradoxical (at first glance, at least) theory of ‘seeing all things in God’ as presented by Malebranche in The Search after Truth (1674-1675). Locke discussed the Malebranchean stance to a greater or lesser extent in four pieces: a) JL Answer to Mr Norris Reflections 92. (1692), published by Richard Acworth in 1971, b) Recherche (ca. 1693, not yet published), c) JL. Of Seeing all things in God 1693 (1693), published by Peter King in 1706 as An Examination of P. Malebranche’s Opinion of Seeing all things in God, and d) Some other loose thoughts wch I set down as they came in my way in a hasty perusal of some of Mr Norris’s writeings, to be better digested when I shall have leisure to make an end of this Argument. (1693), published by Pierre Desmaizeaux in 1720 as Remarks upon Some of Mr. Norris’s Books, Wherein he asserts F. Malebranche’s Opinion of our seeing all Things in God. The paper argues that Locke’s critique is for the most part correct. It outlines the stance in question, presents the piece b), and provides the historical and philosophical background of the criticism.
Dwie drogi do innego w filozofii egzystencjalnej
Authors: Strzelecki Radosław
Published: June 2024

This article aims at exposing the question of the other in the existential philosophy, especially in the paradigmatic approaches of Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. According to my line of argument, the question of the other in the existential philosophy isn’t merely a consequence of the more profound ontological solutions; it is rather one of the focal points of this philosophy, effectively shaping this way of thought. The question of the otheressentially obliterates the border between ontology and ethics.
Takt, czyli o związkach sztuki i polityki według Helmutha Plessnera
Authors: Szyroka-Łagowska Izabela
Published: June 2024

Following Helmuth Plessner, I consider the concept of tact as both an anthropological category and a condition of possibility for a modern form of community. I demonstrate the affinity of Plessner's position with the ideas developed in the circle of Weimar-Jena classics.
Breast self-examination among community midwife and lady health visitor students in Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Afsha , Khan Aana
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims

Breast self-examination allows women to check their breasts for changes or abnormalities, such as lumps, bumps and other irregularities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate understanding of performing a breast self-examination among lady health visitor and community midwifery students in Pakistan.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022–April 2023 with 50 students recruited through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants' understanding of breast self-examination was categorised as good (>70%), moderate (50–70%) or poor (<50%) based on their score.

Results

Only one participant had received any training on breast self-examination, and all participants reported that they would like training in future. Only 10.0% of participants had a moderate understanding of breast self-examination, while the remaining 90.0% had poor understanding.

Conclusions

There is a significant lack of knowledge about breast self-examination among lady health visitors and midwifery students in Pakistan. There is a need for education and awareness campaigns on breast self-examination to improve understanding.
Impact of the midwife-led care model on mode of birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fitriana Farida , Ningrum Astika Gita , Izzati Dwi , Ferdinandus Euvanggelia Dwilda , Sudaryanti Lestari , Afrina Visky , Rahmawati Nur Anisah , Pamintuan Marilou
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims

Increased rates of caesarean sections globally have potential short- and long-term impacts for mothers and babies. Research on models of care and mode of birth has reported varied results. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the midwife-led model of care and mode of birth.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Quantitative full-text open access research articles published between 2010 and 2023 in Indonesian or English were included. Research that assessed the relationship between the model and birth planning were excluded.

Results

A total of 16 articles were included. Two were experimental, and the remaining 14 were observational, with a total sample of 125 201 people. The midwife-led model supported spontaneous vaginal birth (odds ratio: 1.64, P=0.01) when compared to other models.

Conclusions

Implementing the midwife-led model of care may increase the likelihood of physiological birth and reduce the incidence of caesarean section, especially in low-risk pregnancies.
Anaesthetic management of feline patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Jones Heather , Juarez Eva Garcia , Tonge Mary
Published: June 2024

Cats with hyperthyroidism may need sedation or general anaesthesia for a variety of reasons, including elective procedures such as blood sampling, dental procedures and radiographs, as well as for surgical excision of all or part of the thyroid. The clinical implications of hyperthyroidism make sedation and general anaesthesia of these patients challenging. When formulating an appropriate anaesthetic plan, an understanding of thyroid physiology and pathophysiology is essential. An appreciation of how comorbidities associated with hyperthyroidism, such as senior or geriatric status, chronic kidney disease and thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy, affects anaesthesia is important. This article discusses these topics, as well as drug choices, analgesia, monitoring and fluid therapy.
Student Q&A: Chasing dreams
Authors: Stevens Jade
Published: June 2024

We caught up with Jade Stevens, who is completing her Level 3 Early Years Educator qualification with Parenta Training while working at Kids Capers Nursery. She discusses the importance of never giving up and staying committed to achieve your goals
Playing all day
Authors: Willis Richard
Published: June 2024

Richard Willis, visiting professor at the University of South Wales, reviews a book which discusses how play affects brain growth and how children develop, up to the age of five. This innovative book incorporates multimedia to offer readers something more
Educational reads
Authors: Barclay Meg
Published: June 2024

Meg Barclay, education consultant and early years reviewer for the School Library Association, reviews books which help children to build friendships, learn about stories from India and be introduced to key mathematical concepts
Beyond babysitting: Childminding today
Authors: Whyte Cheryl , Herring Samantha , Sparkes Rebecca
Published: June 2024

In the final part of this digital Practice Insight Supplement, childminding consultant, Cheryl Whyte talks to Neil Griffiths, patron of Childminding UK, about reading with children in the Author Spotlight column. For the Student Spotlight column, childminding consultant, Samantha Herring, discusses her transition from lecturer to childminder through further qualifications. Childminder Rebecca Sparkes, sharemore about how she supports parents for the Working With Families column.
Parasite roundup for 2024
Authors: Wright Ian
Published: June 2024

The UK parasite landscape has remained very fluid with debate around responsible parasiticide use set against a backdrop of shifting distributions and novel parasite introduction. So, in terms of new information, cases and parasite distributions, what has the past year brought?
Preparing Educators to Navigate the Social-Emotional Terrain
Authors: Wachter Erin , Lo WeiHsuan
Published: June 2024

The FIXIT Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) game was created by the authors as an analog card game to help educators prepare for social-emotional challenges in the classroom. In the game, players work together as a team to overcome obstacles and practice addressing challenging scenarios while thinking through support beyond academic needs. This game-based approach provides a low-risk environment for educators to practice and prepare for real-life situations. Learning assessment is completed through gameplay discussions, end-of-game debriefs, and personal learning reflections. This version of FIXIT is for educators, but the game can be adapted to fit any content that includes problem-solving for all ages and grades ECE-12+.
Reducing manual labeling requirements and improved retinal ganglion cell identification in 3D AO-OCT volumes using semi-supervised learning
Authors: Zhou Mengxi , Zhang Yue , Karimi Monsefi Amin , Choi Stacey S. , Doble Nathan , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Ramnath Rajiv
Published: June 2024

Adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) allows for the three-dimensional visualization of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the living human eye. Quantitative analyses of RGCs have significant potential for improving the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as glaucoma. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have made possible the automatic identification and analysis of RGCs within the complex three-dimensional retinal volumes obtained with such imaging. However, the current state-of-the-art ML approach relies on fully supervised training, which demands large amounts of training labels. Each volume requires many hours of expert manual annotation. Here, two semi-supervised training schemes are introduced, (i) cross-consistency training and (ii) cross pseudo supervision that utilize unlabeled AO-OCT volumes together with a minimal set of labels, vastly reducing the labeling demands. Moreover, these methods outperformed their fully supervised counterpart and achieved accuracy comparable to that of human experts.
Scalable single-microring hybrid III-V/Si lasers for emerging narrow-linewidth applications
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Xiang , Guo Xin , Loh Ter-Hoe , Ranno Luigi , Liu Chongyang , Rusli  , Wang Hong , Brian Sia Jia Xu
Published: June 2024

Silicon photonics, compatible with large-scale silicon manufacturing, is a disruptive photonic platform that has indicated significant implications in industry and research areas (e.g., quantum, neuromorphic computing, LiDAR). Cutting-edge applications such as high-capacity coherent optical communication and heterodyne LiDAR have escalated the demand for integrated narrow-linewidth laser sources. To that effect, this work seeks to address this requirement through the development of a high-performance hybrid III-V/silicon laser. The developed integrated laser utilizes a single microring resonator (MRR), demonstrating single-mode operation with a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) exceeding 45 dB, with laser output power as high as 16.4 mW. Moving away from current hybrid/heterogeneous laser architectures that necessitate multiple complex controls, the developed laser architecture requires only two control parameters. Importantly, this serves to streamline industrial adoption by reducing the complexity involved in characterizing these lasers, at-scale. Through the succinct structure and control framework, a narrow laser linewidth of 2.79 kHz and low relative intensity noise (RIN) of -135 dB/Hz are achieved. Furthermore, optical data transmission at 12.5 Gb/s is demonstrated where a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB is measured.
Telehealth vs in-person education for enhancing self-care of ostomy patients (Self-Stoma): Protocol for a noninferiority, randomized, open-label, controlled trial
Authors: Iovino Paolo , Vellone Ercole , Campoli Alessia , Tufano Carmelina , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Guberti Monica , Bolgeo Tatiana , Sandroni Cinzia , Sili Alessandro , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Alvaro Rosaria , Rasero Laura , Villa Giulia
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Postoperative patients with ostomies experience significant changes in their lives as a result of the device implantation. Self-care is important to improve their health outcomes. Telehealth provides an opportunity to expand access to self-care education.

Aim

This is a multicenter, non-inferiority randomized, open-label, controlled trial to evaluate the non-inferiority of a telehealth intervention to the standard in-person approach in improving self-care behaviors.

Methods and analysis

Three hundred and eighty-four patients aged ≥ 18 years, with a recently placed ostomy, no stomal/peristomal complications, and documented cognitive integrity will be randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either a telehealth intervention (four remote educational sessions) or a standard educational approach (four in-person sessions) delivered in outpatient settings. Every session (remote and in-person) will occur on Days 25, 32, 40, and 60 after discharge. Follow-ups will occur 1, 3, and 6 months after the last intervention session. Primary outcome is self-care maintenance measured using the Ostomy Self-care Index (OSCI). Secondary outcomes include self-care monitoring, self-care management, self-efficacy (OSCI), quality of life (Stoma specific quality of Life), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), adjustment (Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23), stomal and peristomal complication rates, healthcare services utilization, mobility, and number of working days lost. Analyses will be performed per intention-to-treat and per protocol.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the main center (registration number: 119/22). Following completion of the trial, dissemination meetings will be held to share the results of the study with the participants and the health-care team. Adoption of telehealth technologies for ostomy patients can improve service organization by ensuring better integration and continuity of care. If the remote intervention produces comparable effects to the in-person intervention, it would be wise to make telehealth education an alternative treatment for addressing the educational needs of uncomplicated postoperative ostomy patients.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier number: NCT05796544).
Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury among adults admitted to the medical intensive care unit of a Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Ashine Taye Mezgebu , Mekonnen Migbar Sibhat , Heliso Asnakech Zekiwos , Wolde Yesuneh Dejene , Babore Getachew Ossabo , Bushen Zerihun Demisse , Ereta Elias Ezo , Saliya Sentayehu Admasu , Muluneh Bethelhem Birhanu , Jemal Samrawit Ali
Published: June 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury is a prevalent complication in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and a significant global public health concern. It affects approximately 13 million individuals and contributes to nearly two million deaths worldwide. Acute kidney injury among Intensive Care Unit patients is closely associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the incidence of acute kidney injury and identify predictors among adult patients admitted to the medical Intensive Care Unit.

Method

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted by reviewing charts of 317 systematically selected patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from September 1, 2018, to August 30, 2022, in Wachemo University Nigist Ellen Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The extraction tool was used for the data collection, Epi-data version 4.6.0 for data entry, and STATA version 14 for data cleaning and analysis. The Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and life table were used to describe the data. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for analysis.

Results

Among the total study participants, 128 (40.4%) developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The incidence rate of Acute Kidney Injury was 30.1 (95% CI: 25.33, 35.8) per 1000 person-days of observation, with a median survival time of 23 days. It was found that patients with invasive mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.64; 95% CI: 1.46–4.78), negative fluid balance (AHR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.30–3.03), hypertension (AHR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.05–2.38), and a vasopressor (AHR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.10–2.63) were independent predictors of acute kidney injury.

Conclusion

The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury was a major concern in the ICU of the study area. In the intensive care unit (ICU), it was found that patients with vasopressors, invasive mechanical ventilation, negative fluid balance, and chronic hypertension were independent predictors of developing AKI. It would be better if clinicians in the ICU provided targeted interventions through close monitoring and evaluation of those patients with invasive ventilation, chronic hypertension, negative fluid balance, and vasopressors.
Modes of HIV transmission among young women and their sexual partners in Ukraine
Authors: Zeziulin Oleksandr , Kornilova Maryna , Deac Alexandra , Morozova Olga , Varetska Olga , Pykalo Iryna , Dumchev Kostyantyn
Published: June 2024

Background

Ukraine has the second-largest HIV epidemic in Europe, with most new cases officially attributed to heterosexual transmission. Indirect evidence suggested substantial HIV transmission from people who inject drugs (PWID) to their sexual partners. This study examined the extent of heterosexual HIV transmission between PWID and non-drug-using adolescent girls and young women (AGYW).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey recruited AGYW diagnosed with heterosexually-acquired HIV between 2016 and 2019 in nine regions of Ukraine. AGYW were asked to identify and refer their sexual partners (‘Partners’), who subsequently underwent HIV testing, and, if positive, HCV testing. Both AGYW and Partners completed an interview assessing HIV risk behaviors prior to AGYW’s HIV diagnosis.

Results

In August-December 2020, we enrolled 321 AGYW and 64 Partners. Among the Partners, 42% either self-reported IDU or were HCV-positive, indicating an IDU-related mode of HIV transmission. PWID Partners were more likely to report sexually transmitted infections (STI) and had lower educational levels. Of the 62 women who recruited at least one Partner, 40% had a PWID Partner. Within this subgroup, there was a higher prevalence of STIs (52% vs. 24%) and intimate partner violence (36% vs. 3%). Condom use was less common (52% vs. 38% reporting never use), and frequent alcohol or substance use before sex was higher (48% vs 30%) among AGYW with PWID Partner, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Notably, 52% of women were aware of their Partners’ IDU.

Conclusion

At least 40% of heterosexual transmission among AGYW in Ukraine can be linked to PWID partners. Intensified, targeted HIV prevention efforts are essential for key and bridge populations (PWID and their sexual partners), addressing the biological and structural determinants of transmission between key and bridge populations, such as IDU- and HIV status disclosure, STIs, IPV, and stigma.
Understory plants evade shading in a temperate deciduous forest amid climate variability by shifting phenology in synchrony with canopy trees
Authors: Augspurger Carol K. , Salk Carl F.
Published: June 2024

Global warming is leading understory and canopy plant communities of temperate deciduous forests to grow leaves earlier in spring and drop them later in autumn. If understory species extend their leafy seasons less than canopy trees, they will intercept less light. We look for mismatched phenological shifts between canopy and understory in 28 years (1995–2022) of weekly data from Trelease Woods, Urbana, IL, USA. The observations cover 31 herb species of contrasting seasonality (for 1995–2017), three sapling species, and the 15 most dominant canopy tree species for all years, combined with solar radiation, temperature and canopy light transmittance data. We estimate how understory phenology, cold temperatures, canopy phenology, and solar radiation have individually limited understory plants’ potential light interception over >2 decades. Understory and canopy phenology were the two factors most limiting to understory light availability, but which was more limiting varied greatly among species and among/within seasonality groups; solar radiation ranked third and cold fourth. Understory and canopy phenology shifts usually occurred in the same direction; either both strata were early or both were late, offsetting each other’s effects. The four light-limiting factors combined showed significant temporal trends for six understory species, five toward less light interception. Warmer springs were significantly associated with shifts toward more light interception in three sapling species and 19 herb species. Canopy phenology became more limiting in warmer years for all three saplings species and 31 herb species. However, in aggregate, these variables mostly offset one another; only one sapling and seven herb species showed overall significant (and negative) relationships between light interception and spring temperature. The few understory species mismatched with canopy phenology due to changing climate are likely to intercept less light in future warmer years. The few species with data for carbon assimilation show broadly similar patterns to light interception.
Impacts of Long COVID on workers: A longitudinal study of employment exit, work hours and mental health in the UK
Authors: Reuschke Darja , Houston Donald , Sissons Paul
Published: June 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had enormous implications for the world of work. However, there has been relatively little focus on the employment and workforce challenges of the virus in relation to workforce health, beyond the immediate management of the spread of the disease. There is an important gap in understanding the ongoing workforce issues created by the significant incidence of Long COVID in the population.

Aim

This paper examines the effects of Long COVID on employment and workers’ mental health to contribute to understanding of work-limiting health conditions and to offer policy implications for COVID-19 and similar health conditions on employment and the workforce.

Methods

A large national panel study for the UK is used to estimate the likelihood of exiting employment as well as on changes in working hours and general mental health and happiness of those who remain in work. The sample includes individuals 16 years and older who were in employment in January/February 2020 and followed during the pandemic 2020–2021. Long COVID is self-reported in the data. Informed by conceptual consideration of employment protection in the UK, two groups of individuals with Long COVID are defined based on the duration of symptoms. Group 1 has Long COVID 5–28 weeks after an infection with COVID-19, which is up to the maximum length of Statutory Sick Pay in the UK. Group 2 has symptoms for 29+ weeks, which is beyond the statutory entitlement to sickness pay. Panel regression models are fitted both with fixed-effects and random-effects. Individual and job characteristics are used as controls Those with no COVID-19 symptoms are the reference group.

Results

In between-person comparison, Group 2 is at higher risk of exiting employment compared to those with no COVID-19 symptoms. Between-person estimates of mental health and well-being show negative effects of Long COVID for both groups but these are greatest in Group 2. Within-person estimates suggest that factors associated with earnings mediate the negative Long COVID effects on mental health in Group 1 and that Group 2 adapts to working with Long COVID. Group 1 is at risk of working zero hours (i.e. being on sick leave) but neither Group 1 nor Group 2 have a higher probability of working fewer hours compared to those with no COVID-19 symptoms. The negative impact of Long COVID on working hours stems primarily from working zero hours (sickness leave) rather than working fewer hours, suggesting a lack of accommodation by employers of Long COVID at work.

Policy implications

The extension of Statutory Sickness Pay and greater flexibility to manage partial (returns to) work would help preserve employment and mental health. Those with Long COVID for 12 months are likely to meet the definition of disability and so have a right to receive reasonable workplace adjustments.
Validity, reliability, and the contributing physical characteristics of a modified 15m prone Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 test in elite female rugby league players
Authors: Briscoe Thomas , Darrall-Jones Josh , Heyward Omar , Jones Ben , Allen Hayden , Ramirez-Lopez Carlos , Scantlebury Sean
Published: June 2024

This study aims to establish the validity and reliability of the prone Yo-YoIRL1 in elite female rugby league players (part one) and determine the anthropometric and physical characteristics contributing to 15m prone Yo-YoIRL1 performance (part two). Part one, 21 subjects completed one Yo-YoIRL1, one 20m and two 15m prone Yo-YoIRL1 tests over four sessions, with 7–14 days in-between. Part two, ten subjects completed a testing battery, including body mass, height, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, isometric mid-thigh pull, isometric bench-press, 10m and 20m sprints and an incremental treadmill test (V˙O2max). The 15m prone YoYoIRL1 demonstrated poor reliability with a typical error of 68m (21%) and a smallest worthwhile change of 54m (9%). Validity analysis found the prone versions of the YoYoIRL1 were not sensitive measures of intermittent running performance. Both prone YoYoIRL1 test distances demonstrated large mean bias (76% and -37% respectively) and typical error of the estimate (19% and 21%, respectively) in comparison to the YoYoIRL1. Body mass (r = -0.89), lean mass (r = -0.64), body fat % (r = -0.68), V˙O2max (l∙min-1) (r = -0.64), IMTP (r = -0.69), IBP (r = -0.15), 10m (r = -0.77) and 20m (r = -0.72) momentum displayed large negative relationships with 15m prone Yo-YoIRL1 performance. Due to the poor validity of the 20m prone YoYoIRL1, the poor validity and reliability of the 15m prone YoYoIRL1, and the anthropometric and physical characteristics which negatively impact performance, practitioners should reconsider the use of the prone YoYoIRL1 test to monitor high intensity intermittent running performance.
Overcoming the Tropical Andes publication divide: Insights from local researchers on challenges and solutions
Authors: Valdez Jose W. , Castro Vergara Lucía , Orihuela Gabriela , Fernandez Miguel
Published: June 2024

The Tropical Andes, one of the world’s most biodiverse regions, is vital for ecological research and conservation. However, while researchers in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru contribute significantly to scientific knowledge, their publication rates in academic journals have historically lagged behind neighboring nations. A multifaceted strategy was employed to understand and address the publication divide in the Tropical Andes region. This approach focused on regional researchers and consisted of a three-day workshop to improve scientific writing skills, offer publication insights, and equip researchers with tools to overcome obstacles. A series of surveys were also conducted to explore the challenges faced by local researchers and their proposed solutions, covering topics such as participant demographics, factors contributing to lower publication rates, personal barriers, proposed strategies for improving publications, specific topics of interest, participant satisfaction, most valuable workshop topics, and future recommendations. The workshop had an overwhelming response, with over 500 interested participants registering in just a few days, mostly experienced professionals, highlighting the need for such initiatives in the region. About two-thirds had ready-to-publish materials, highlighting the potential impact of targeted interventions on unlocking untapped knowledge. The surveys revealed the challenges contributing to the publication divide, including insufficient training, cultural emphasis on economic development, language barriers, limited resource access, lack of institutional support, high publishing costs, and time and financial constraints. The most common personal barriers were insufficient knowledge and experience in the publication process, lack of self-confidence, and fears of rejection. Proposed solutions include conducting training workshops, fostering collaborative networks, improving resource accessibility, and an institutional and cultural shift that encourages publishing. Addressing challenges faced by experienced professionals in the Tropical Andes by understanding individual needs, fostering support, and demystifying the publication process offers a promising path to closing the publication divide and unlocking the region’s valuable scientific contributions.
A versszöveg mint hermaphroditoszi test
Authors: Tóth Sándor Attila
Published: June 2024

Berzsenyi Dániel 1804-ben megnősült (feleségül vette Dukai Takács Zsuzsannát), és gazdasági okok miatt elhagyta árkádikus szülőhelyét, Kemenesalját, s Niklára költözött. Új életszakaszát, életidejének múlását is számba véve ír a Barátimhoz című versében, amelyben a platóni ideák világában szárnyalva ábrázolja ifjúsága színhelyének és boldog életének tündéri világát, majd antik filozófiai olvasmányai és Horatius-tanulmányozása alapján perspektívát vált, s a kor népszerű antik irányzata, a sztoa morális éleslátásával próbál belehelyezkedni új élethelyzetébe. Jelen írás platonikus világképének és boldogságeszményének forrásait veszi számba, s értelmezi a Berzsenyi- versszöveget.
A Thematic Analysis Study on Military Soldiers’ Suicidal Idea and Overcoming Process
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Kyung Hee , Lee Keun Moo , Lyu Ji Young
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of military soldiers' suicidal idea and overcoming
process. To this end, the data was collected by individual interviews with 138 active military soldiers who
overcame the continual suicidal idea or impulse during military service and adapted to military life. We
analyzed military soldiers' suicidal idea and overcoming process based on Braun & Clarke(2006)'s thematic
analysis method. The study revealed 31 common themes and 11 themes, which were categorized into
suicidal idea and suicide protective factors. The themes of suicidal idea included 'war expendable syndrome',
'disappearance of personal daily life', 'desire to escape from military', 'damage on psychological capital',
and 'distorted means of resistance'. The themes of suicide protective factors included 'self-restoration of
reality', 'utilization of support system', 'increasing in receptivity', 'overcoming a sense of isolation', 'altruistic
responsibility', and 'practice of self-existence'. Based on the results, this study discussed and made specific
suggestions to prevent suicide in the military.
Policy Alternatives to Utilize Defense Civilian Manpower in Preparation for National Defense Crisis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeong Eung-jin
Published: June 2024

The security situation in South Korea is unstable due to the increase in North Korea's conventional military
power and asymmetric threats such as nuclear and missile. For crisis management, South Korea needs
a preemptive response in line with the rapid decrease in military service resources and changes in the
defense environment. The urn-shaped structure centered on the cadres and the advanced science and
technology army must take a leap forward. As in the case of advanced countries, it is efficient for the
military and civil defense personnel to perform defense tasks together. Accordingly, it is necessary to expand
the scope and expertise of the defense civil manpower, to strengthen the capabilities of military personnel,
and to prepare legal and institutional support grounds to ensure mission conditions. As such, it is necessary
to review active policies on the use of defense civilian manpower to efficiently perform advanced and diversified
defense work and to operate economically manpower. Efficient management of defense civilian manpower
will eventually become an important element of defense manpower management policy.
Review of Data Privacy Techniques: Concepts, Scenarios and Architectures, Simulations, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Dahman Deniz
Published: June 2024

The recognition of data as a natural resource has made headlines in the new era of industrialization. Companies now leverage this resource to enhance their services and products, often promising optimal outcomes. While data has always held significant value, recent advancements in AI and ML frameworks have brought this fact to the forefront. However, it was not until major scandals involving large corporations came to light that the critical issue of privacy was remembered. Consequently, the intersection of data, AI and ML frameworks, and privacy has emerged as a new area of research. Although numerous works have reviewed the development of various data protection techniques,
it seems that most of them address the subject from a single perspective or attribute the entire concept of data privacy to a specific technique. This review aims to present an overarching view of the topic. It offers a systematic guideline that establishes a proper connection among the three elements: data, AI & ML frameworks, and privacy. The paper delves into each element from both an abstract and concrete standpoint, presenting the latest techniques to address data privacy concerns, including numerous lab simulations. It also recommends tools and resources for further study. Ultimately, it wraps up the central topic by outlining the challenges and prospective future research directions
A Research on the use of Algorithmic Design Methods in the field of Architectural Design
Authors: Fatai Taiwo
Published: June 2024

The growing complexity of the architectural design process and the need for architects to respond to the growing needs of building users have led to the adoption of computational design in architecture. Algorithmic design leverages computational design processes to automate, optimize, and simulate various aspects of architectural design. The research aims to examine the influence of algorithmic design on energy efficiency and sustainability and its contribution to the architectural design process. Data was collected through an in-depth review of literatures and the use of case studies, with the selection of buildings limited to certain criteria and searches carried out on Google Scholar and Arch Daily. The findings from the data are then summarized in a table to give a quick summary. It results that algorithmic design has impacts on energy efficiency and plays a significant role in shaping and producing innovative architectural structures. The integration of algorithmic design in the building design process has assisted in the optimization of building form, design of responsive façade systems, and material optimization for energy efficiency.
História de mulheres com HIV/aids no enfrentamento de violências praticadas por parceiros íntimos sorodiferentes
Authors: Silva Tânia Maria Gomes da , Araujo Liney Maria
Published: June 2024

Na segunda metade do século XX, resultado de transformações epistemológicas, sociais e culturais significativas, nasceu uma História Nova atenta aos sujeitos subalternizados, entre eles, as mulheres. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as experiências de violência doméstica vivida por dez mulheres com HIV/aids e se relacionam com parceiros sorodiferentes. Problematiza, assim, se a soropositividade é fator condicionante das agressões. Valendo-se da contribuição da história oral, busca-se problematizar se a soropositividade é um fator determinante para a violência contra as mulheres. A leitura das entrevistas foi feita na perspectiva dos estudos feministas de gênero, numa abordagem interseccional, com contribuições da hermenêutica interpretativa. Contextualizadas, as fontes mostraram que a soropositividade pode ter provocado violência, mas não foi fator desencadeante, pois a prática já existia. Conclui-se que é, especialmente, a desigualdade de gênero que insere estas mulheres num lugar de vulnerabilidade.
O espaço das Provisoriedades: regulamento e cotidiano da cadeia pública de Belém no edifício de São José (1843-1850)
Authors: Charlet Eliane Cristina Lopes , Da Silva Furtado João Victor
Published: June 2024

Em outubro de 1843, os presos da cadeia pública de Belém foram transferidos para o edifício de São José, antigo convento edificado pelos Franciscanos, que havia sido ocupado pelo governo após a expulsão dos missionários da Amazônia. Posteriormente, esta se tornaria uma das principais instituições prisionais da capital paraense entre os contextos imperial e parte do republicano, funcionando como presídio até o fim do século XX. No contexto de sua instalação, um regulamento foi produzido para nortear seu funcionamento, ditando as medidas de controle e organização. Neste artigo, analisamos o regulamento da prisão em diálogo com os debates sobre a reforma prisional do Império pensada neste contexto e o cotidiano na prisão em seus primeiros anos de funcionamento.
As prisões de um delinquente rebelde: João Pereira Lima, 41 anos como reincidente genérico e incorrigível
Authors: Franco Ferreira Dirceu , Vieira dos Santos Érica
Published: June 2024

Este artigo investiga os efeitos práticos do discurso médico-positivista nas avaliações criminológicas de João Pereira Lima ao longo de seus 41 anos de prisão em diversas instituições de privação da liberdade do estado de São Paulo. Ao recuperar sua experiência de encarceramento a partir dos prontuários produzidos pelo Instituto de Biotipologia Criminal (IBC) da Penitenciaria do Estado de São Paulo, investigamos as relações entre as teorias criminológicas e a construção de sua identidade institucional como um indivíduo de personalidade psicopática e perigosa. Demonstramos como a construção de sua imagem como um delinquente rebelde contribuiu para um processo de estigmatização, sofrido dentro e fora da prisão, e resultou no prolongamento de suas penas. Inserido nesse universo da operação discursiva da designação, Pereira Lima se fez narrador de sua própria trajetória ao publicar uma autobiografia nas páginas do jornal Última Hora nos primeiros meses de 1964. A partir dessa escrita de si, encaminhamos a conclusão do artigo demonstrando como, ao assumir-se autor da narrativa de sua própria vida, Pereira Lima revela capacidade e desejo de reconstruir sua identidade de modo a se contrapor àquela estabelecida pelo saber médico.
Morbus Sacer, Morbus Herculeos, Passio Puerilis: epilepsia, psiquiatria e Justiça Penal no Rio de Janeiro (1921-1945)
Authors: Dias Allister Teixeira , Valente dos Santos Blanco Carolina
Published: June 2024

Este artigo revisita momento crucial da longa história da relação crime e epilepsia. O objetivo é mostrar, inicialmente, como nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, a psiquiatria forense praticada no Rio de Janeiro realizou esforços para manter o tema sob seus domínios. Daí a elaboração de um constructo diagnóstico novo e original na psicopatologia forense brasileira, a “epilepsia emotiva”, categoria clínica que condensou expectativas fundamentais acerca da masculinidade, sendo criada na injunção do paradigma constitucionalista. Em seguida, buscamos mostrar como a questão do “crime epilético” produziu, neste contexto, intensas controvérsias e estratégias, tanto no âmbito da Justiça Penal, quanto internamente ao discurso psicopatológico. Para tanto, focalizamos, a partir de documentação diversificada – laudo psiquiátrico, decisões judiciais, debates no Conselho Penitenciário, textos médicos, memórias –, um caso de “crime epilético” consagrado na história penal da cidade