bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مداخل تطوير الدَّرس العقدي من خلال التراث العقدي بالغرب الإسلامي
Authors: مبركي عمر
Published: April 2020

يُقدِّم البحث وصفاً إجمالياً لواقع الدَّرس العقدي، ويوضح بعض المشكلات التي تُعطِّله عن أداء وظائفه، مثل: مواكبة المستجدات الحياتية، والتصدي للتحديات والشبهات التي تواجه مسلم اليوم، وتُهدِّد عقيدته وقيمه. يتركَّب هذا البحث من عنصرين رئيسين، خُصِّص الأول لبيان أهم مشكلات الدَّرس العقدي المعاصر، واقتصر النقاش فيه على ثلاثٍ منها، هي: مشكلة التعقيد والتجريد، ومشكلة فصل النظريات العقدية عن الواقع، ومشكلة ابتعاد الدَّرس العقدي عن المنهج القرآني في بيان المطالب التوحيدية. في حين تضمَّن العنصر الثاني مقترحات لبعض المداخل الضرورية التي تفيد في تطوير هذا الدَّرس وتجاوز مشكلاته، بناءً على نماذج مضيئة من التراث العقدي في الغرب الإسلامي.
مفهوم الحق وإعادة تأسيس علم المقاصد في الإسلام
Authors: صالح محمد المجذوب محمد
Published: April 2020

معنى "الحق" في معناه القرآني الشامل لم يكن في علم الأصول ومقاصد الشريعة شيئاً مذكوراً، إلّا كمعنى شارح لمعنى المصلحة عند علماء المقاصد في إطار تحقيق مقاصد الدين العليا، بل ظلت هذه المساحة حكراً وبامتياز لمعنى "المصلحة" مرسلة أو استقرائية؛ أي إن مقصد الحق كان حاضراً كمعنى إجرائي أوجدته الحاجة إلى تجسيد الأحكام الشرعية والعقائد الدينية، وتبتغيه الاجتهادات والاستنباطات للأحكام التفصيلية في نطاق ما حدده الأصوليون من حقوق وواجبات ومسؤوليات فردية وجماعية. باعتبار أن الفكر المقاصدي، لم ينشغل بمعنى "الحق" كمؤسس لفقه المقاصد العليا للقرآن الكريم، بوصفه القيمة العليا التي تحكم مقاصد الفعل الإرادي للمكلفين، باعتباره قيمة الأحكام الكلية، التي يجب أن تسايرها الحياة الإسلامية في جميع مناحي عمرانها المختلفة الأوجه، ومن ثم تضع لها السُّنن والآليات المناسبة لتفعيلها كمنظومة قيمية وتنميتها لتحقيق "الحق" على صفحة الواقع.

ولذلك فإن هذه الورقة تعرض للعناية الكبيرة التي توليها الرؤية القرآنية لمعنى "الحق"، إلى درجة تأسيسها لمنظومة المقاصد الإنسانية عليه، فمعنى "الحق" في السياقات القرآنية يغطي مناحي الحياة المختلفة، إلى درجة تمكننا من القول: بأن مقاصد "القرآن" هي مقاصد "الحق". وهو التوجه العلمي الذي نرجو أن يشق طريقاً آخر في فقه المقاصد في اللحظة التي نتتبع فيها مقاصد القرآن الكريم ودلالتها الأم.
مقصد إصلاح العقل في القرآن وتجليات العقلانية في العلوم الشرعية
Authors: خلفي وسيلة
Published: April 2020

لقد كان حفظ العقل مقصداً ظاهراً في القرآن الكريم منذ نزوله مخاطباً بالعقيدة الإسلامية في الله والكون والحياة، وبأحكام الشَّريعة في كلّياتها وجزئياتها، مستثيراً في الإنسان التفكير السليم، وحاثاً على التدبّر والتّفكّر طريقاً للوصول إلى الحقائق التي أودعها الله في خلقه. وعلى أساس العقل السَّليم والتَّفكير السّديد تأسّست العلوم الشرعية خادمة للوحي، ثم ظلّت تتزايد وتتشعّب إلى أن استقرّت قضاياها ووُضعت فيها الدّواوين والكتب المختلفة عبر الزّمان والمكان.

وشكّلت تلك العلوم أهم تجلّيات العقل المسلم الذي تشرّب الوحي، على الرغم من إمكان ورود أنواع من النّقد لتلك العلوم، كما لا يخلو منه الجهد البشري.

تبرز الورقة جانب الحفظ الوجودي لمقصد إصلاح العقل في القرآن الكريم من خلال جهود الأصوليين في التأسيس لعلم أصول الفقه، كما تبرز تجليات مقصد إصلاح العقل في الفكر الأصولي قديماً وحديثاً من خلال دعوات التجديد لهذا العلم.
MANFAAT YANG DIDAPATKAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGIKUTI INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (IPE) DENGAN PENDEKATAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Fakhriatul Falah
Published: April 2020

Background: To deal with problem sarising from miscommunication between health professions,  good collaboration between health workers must beim proved through Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC). Improvementof IPC can bed one by introduc in go ther professions and collaboration systems  since education period in campus through Interprofessional Education (IPE). In health polytechnic, IPE still a newthing in academicstage, andstill not implementedwell. IPE culture must beimproved in health institution so that collaboration ability of the student will formed before they entranced work climate.  One formof IPE implementation can bed one through case study approach between students with different majors. Purpose: This study aims to explore benefits of students in participating in IPE with a case study approach. Methods: this study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological method approach. The sample used was 12 informantsobtained through purposive sampling method. The student who agreed to be informant in theresearch, was involved in IPE simulation through case study. Student divided into small group discussion consisted of different majors, i.enursing majors, nutrision ist majors and midwifery majors. After simulation finished, the studen tasked about their experienced during simulation activity. Result;  Through the maticanalysis , wefound 4 the mesaccording to experience during IPE simulation; Cooperation and mutual understanding between professions, Imporved Problem Solving and Team Decision Making Ability, enlarge scientific knowledgeandeliminating professional selfishness or egoism. Conclusion; IPE with a case study approach can provide great benefits in increasing the ability of students to collaborate between different majors in solving patient health problems so that their implementation needs to be improved in thepre-clinical stage and during clinical practice.
GENE EXPRESSION of blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-23 in RESPONSE to β-Lactam ANTIBIOTIC IN CLINICALLY ISOLATED ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII AND ACINETOBACTER LOWFFII FROM URINE SAMPLES
Authors: Al-Haideri H. H.
Published: April 2020

In this study, two isolates A. lowffii, and A. baumannii were obtained clinically, and genomically identified by 16S rRNA assessment with the accession number (MH685113.1 and MH685112.1) for A. lowffii and A. baumannii respectively. The sensitivity profile of the isolates was variable, and A. baumannii was the most resistant strain towards a wide range of antibiotics, and it did not show any growth defect in the presence of β-lactam antibiotic, in comparison with A. lowffii. We identified that the blaOXA-23 gene was responsible for imipenem resistance in A. baumannii, whereas, blaOXA-51-like was moderately confer resistance towards A. lowffii which lack of blaOXA-23. This was determined when the isolates were subjected to qRT-PCR. We identified that the blaOXA-23 gene was increased about 1-fold in the presence of imipenem, whereas, blaOXA-51-like did not increased in comparison to the control. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that blaOXA-23 is located in the cytoplasm, and blaOXA-like 51 is located in the periplasm. Our hypothesis suggests that blaOXA-23 gene have a major contribution in the outbreak of multidrug resistance Acinetobacter species.
Finding COVID-19 from Chest X-rays using Deep Learning on a Small Dataset
Authors: Hall Lawrence , Goldgof Dmitry , Paul Rahul , Goldgof Gregory M.
Published: April 2020

Testing for COVID-19 has been unable to keep up with the demand. Further, the false negative rate is projected to be as high as 30% and test results can take some time to obtain. X-ray machines are widely available and provide images for diagnosis quickly. This paper explores how useful chest X-ray images can be in diagnosing COVID-19 disease. We have obtained 122 chest X-rays of COVID-19 and over 4,000 chest X-rays of viral and bacterial pneumonia. A pre-trained deep convolutional neural network has been tuned on 102 COVID-19 cases and 102 other pneumonia cases in a 10-fold cross validation. The results were all 102 COVID-19 cases were correctly classified and there were 8 false positives resulting in an AUC of 0.997. On a test set of 20 unseen COVID-19 cases all were correctly classified and more than 95% of 4,171 other pneumonia examples were correctly classified. This study has flaws, most critically a lack of information about where in the disease process the COVID-19 cases were and the small data set size. More COVID-19 case images will enable a better answer to the question of how useful chest X-rays can be for diagnosing COVID-19 (so please send them).
Keynote: Robotics Middleware Framework for Hospitals - redefining the approach
Authors: Seah Selina , Quigley Morgan
Published: April 2020

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Development of vaccines against gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus
Authors: McIntosh E. David G.
Published: April 2020

The success in preventing hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus infections by means of vaccination paves the way for the development of other vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Zika virus. The current status of vaccine development for these infections will be explored in this review.
Listeriosis: genotyping as a key for identification a possible source of infection
Authors: Voronina Olga L. , Kunda M.S. , Ryzhova N.N. , Kutuzova A.V. , Aksenova E.I. , Karpova T.I. , Tartakovskij I.S. , Yushchuk N.D. , Klimova E.A. , Karetkina G.N. , Chemeris O.Yu. , Gruzdeva O.A. , Melkumyan A.R. , Orlova O.E. , Burmistrova E.N.
Published: April 2020

Objective. To perform a comparative analysis of clinical and food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes collected in the European part of Russia in 2018–2019. Materials and Methods. We used multilocus sequencing (MLST), supplemented by virulence loci, including fragments of internalin genes (MvLST, Multi-virulent-locus sequence typing), followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results. The main diagnoses for clinical isolates were prenatal and neonatal listeriosis and meningitis. Clinical isolates predominantly belonged to phylogenetic line II with the predominance of ST7, which was also the most abundant in food isolates. The second most common occurrence in food isolates was ST121, widely distributed in Europe. Isolates of phylogenetic line I in the group of clinical cultures in three cases were represented by ST6, detected during outbreaks of listeriosis in Europe 2015–2018 and South Africa in 2017–2018. Only in one isolate from food belonged to the phylogenetic lineage I. In general, the diversity of food isolate genotypes was significantly higher than clinical isolates. The analysis of virulence loci revealed a new internalin A allele and a new internalin genes profile (IP) in isolate ST7 from food. Conclusions. L. monocytogenes of the most common ST7 is autochthonous in Russia; cases of listeriosis caused by the ST6 bacterium are most likely imported. Based on the analysis of the diversity of ST and IP of L. monocytogenes identified in Russia, a rapid diagnosis scheme for epidemiological investigation is proposed.
The prevalence of circulating S. pneumoniae serotypes in people older than 18 years: healthy carriers, patients with acute otitis media, community-acquired pneumonia, and invasive pneumococcal infections (epidemiological study «SPECTRUM»)
Authors: Muravyev Alexander A. , Chagaryan Aida N. , Ivanchik Nataly V. , Kurkova Anastasia A. , Tsvetkova I.A. , Kozlov Roman S. , Morozova O.A. , Kirillova G.SH. , Popova L.D. , Moskvitina Ekaterina N. , Petrova T.A. , Martyanova N.M. , Ershova M.G. , Bykonya S.A.
Published: April 2020

Objective.

To estimate the prevalence of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adults aged of 18 years and older, including healthy carriers and patients with acute otitis media (AOM), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI).
Materials and Methods.

A total of 230 isolates of S. pneumoniae from 10 centers were included in the study from 01.06.2019 to 01.10.2019. Re-identification and typing using real-time PCR with 22 primer pairs were performed in the central laboratory (Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Russia).
Results.

In healthy nasopharyngeal carriers (n = 31), the following serotypes of S. pneumoniae were detected: 19F (29.0%), 6А/В (22.6%), 3 (16.1%), 11A/D and 23F (9.7% each), 23A (6.4%), 14 and 15A/F (3.2% each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 80.6% and 90.3% of those serotypes, respectively. In patients with AOM (n = 18), serotypes were: 3 (16.7%), 11A/D and 6A/B (11.1%, each), 16, 19А, 19F, 23F, 7A/F (5.55%, each); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 50% and 61.1% of those serotypes, respectively. Among 166 isolates from patients with CAP, the following serotypes were detected: 3 (12.0%), 19F and 6A/B (10.2%, each), 14 and 11A/D (5.4% each), 15A/F and 23A (4.8% each), 9N/L (4.2%), 18 and 22A/F (2.4% each), 19A and 23F (1.8% each), 16, 9V/A (1.2% each), 4 and 33A/33F/37 (0.6% each), non-vaccine serotypes (30.3%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 45.6% and 57.0% of those serotypes, respectively. Isolates from patients with IPI (n=15) belonged to the following serotypes: 3 (26.7%), 12F, 23F and 9N/L (13.3% each), serotypes 4 and 15A/F (6.7%), non-vaccine serotype – 1 isolate (6.7%); PCV-13 and PPV-23 covered 46.7% and 73.3% of those serotypes, respectively.
Conclusions.

The majority of S. pneumoniae serotypes in adult population in Russia are included in PPV-23, but not in PCV-13 (primarily due to serotype 11A/D). There was a high PCV-13 and PPV-23 coverage of serotypes from healthy nasopharyngeal carriers. PPV-23 covered more than 60% of clinical isolates, whereas PCV-13 covered less than 60% (AOM – 50.0%, CAP – 45.6%, IPI – 46.7%), thus indicating a potentially lower efficacy of PCV-13 in adult population.
Some issues of the resistance of Candida glabrata to echinocandins
Authors: Veselov Alexander V.
Published: April 2020

Invasive candidiasis is a common, severe and often difficult to treat complication in various categories of patients. Despite the fact that in most cases Candida albicans retains a leading position as an etiological cause, a pathogen such as Candida glabrata is becoming an increasingly relevant species, especially in oncohematology patients who have previously received therapy with azole antimycotics. For the treatment of systemic infections caused by C. glabrata, according to current versions of practical guidelines, echinocandins are the drugs of choice. Possessing high fungicidal activity, unlike azoles, they allow in most cases to achieve the clinical efficacy of therapy when this pathogen is isolated. However, there is an evidence of the selection of C. glabrata strains with reduced susceptibility or even resistance to echinocandins. This article briefly presents data on the problem of resistance of C. glabrata to drugs of this class, as well as the results of Russian in vitro studies.
Mobile or Web-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Nofalia Ifa , Wibowo Suhendra Agung
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Smoking is the most preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. Because of the danger of smoking, smoker must try to quit smoking. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of mobile or web-based intervention on smoking cessation program.

Methods: This study was used systematic review with literature search using online reference databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. The keywords that used in this research was mobile intervention, phone intervention, apps intervention, web-based intervention, and smoking cessation. This study included randomized controlled trial studies with mobile or web-based intervention for smoking cessation program.

Results: Twenty-five RCTs showed intervention groups with mobile or web-based had better affect to stop smoking than control groups or comparison groups.

Conclusion: Smoking cessation is also influenced by the focusing of mobile or web-based intervention provided. Thus, providing information about the strengths and the effect of therapy is important.
FERROCENYL-SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROTHIOPHENES VIA FORMAL (3+2)-CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF FERROCENYL THIOKETONES WITH DONOR-ACCEPTOR CYCLOPROPANES
Authors: Mloston Grzegorz , Kowalczyk Mateusz , Augustin André U , Jones Peter G , Werz Daniel B
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Ferrocenyl thioketones react with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in dichloromethane at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of Sc(OTf)3 yielding tetrahydrothiophene derivatives, products of formal (3+2)-cycloaddition reactions, in moderate to high yields. In all studied cases, dimethyl 2-arylcyclopropane dicarboxylates react with corresponding aryl ferrocenyl thioketones in a completely diastereoselective manner to form single products in which (C-2)-Ar and (C-5)-ferrocenyl groups are oriented in a cis-fashion. In contrast, the same cyclopropanes undergo reaction with alkyl ferrocenyl thioketones to form nearly equal amounts of both diastereoisomeric tetrahydrothiophenes. Low selectivity was also observed in the reaction of 2-phthalimide-derived cyclopropane with ferrocenyl phenyl thioketone.
Restoration of Noisy Blurred Images Using MFPIA and Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Tahir Dunia
Published: April 2020

In this paper, image deblurring and denoising are presented. The used images were blurred either with Gaussian or motion blur and corrupted either by Gaussian noise or by salt & pepper noise. In our algorithm, the modified fixed-phase iterative algorithm (MFPIA) is used to reduce the blur. Then a discrete wavelet transform is used to divide the image into two parts. The first part represents the approximation coefficients. While the second part represents the detail coefficients, that a noise is removed by using the BayesShrink wavelet thresholding method.
Security Enhancement of Remote FPGA Devices By a Low Cost Embedded Network Processor
Authors: Ali Qutaiba , Lazim Sahar
Published: April 2020

The incredible growth of FPGA capabilities in recent years and the new included features have made them more and more attractive for numerous embedded systems. There is however an important shortcoming concerning security of data and design. Data security implies the protection of the FPGA application in the sense that the data inside the circuit and the data transferred to/from the peripheral circuits during the communication are protected. This paper suggests a new method to support the security of any FPGA platform using network processor technology. Low cost IP2022 UBICOM network processor was used as a security shield in front of any FPGA device. It was supplied with the necessary security methods such as AES ciphering engine, SHA-1, HMAC and an embedded firewall to provide confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and packets filtering features.
An Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Sitting and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Radial Distribution Network to Improve Reliability and Losses Reduction
Authors: Legha Mahdi , Ostovar Farzaneh
Published: April 2020

Distributed Generation (DG) can help in reducing the cost of electricity to the costumer, relieve network congestion and provide environmentally friendly energy close to load centers. Its capacity is also scalable and it provides voltage support at distribution level. Hence, DG placement and penetration level is an important problem for both the utility and DG owner. The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) has been widely used for both the operation and planning of a power system. The OPF is also suited for deregulated environment. Four different objective functions are considered in this study: (1) Improvement voltage profile (2) minimization of active power loss (3) maximum capacity of conductors (4) maximization of reliability level. The site and size of DG units are assumed as design variables. The results are discussed and compared with those of traditional distribution planning and also with Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA).
High-resolution Spectroscopy of the GD-1 Stellar Stream Localizes the Perturber near the Orbital Plane of Sagittarius
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Conroy Charlie , Hogg David W. , Cargile Phillip A. , Caldwell Nelson , Naidu Rohan P. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Speagle Joshua S. , Johnson Benjamin D.
Published: April 2020

The 100° long thin stellar stream in the Milky Way halo, GD-1, has an ensemble of features that may be due to dynamical interactions. Using high-resolution MMT/Hectochelle spectroscopy we show that a spur of GD-1-like stars outside of the main stream are kinematically and chemically consistent with the main stream. In the spur, as in the main stream, GD-1 has a low intrinsic radial velocity dispersion,

, is metal-poor, [Fe/H] ≈ −2.3, and has little intrinsic spread in the [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] abundances, which point to a common globular cluster progenitor. At a fixed location along the stream, the median radial velocity offset between the spur and the main stream is smaller than 0.5

, comparable to the measurement uncertainty. A flyby of a massive, compact object can change orbits of stars in a stellar stream and produce features like the spur observed in GD-1. In this scenario, the radial velocity of the GD-1 spur relative to the stream constrains the orbit of the perturber and its current on-sky position to ≈5000 deg2. The family of acceptable perturber orbits overlaps the stellar and dark-matter debris of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy in present-day position and velocity. This suggests that GD-1 may have been perturbed by a globular cluster or an extremely compact dark-matter subhalo formerly associated with Sagittarius.
The Low Earth Orbit Satellite Population and Impacts of the SpaceX Starlink Constellation
Authors: McDowell Jonathan C.
Published: April 2020

I discuss the current low Earth orbit artificial satellite population and show that the proposed “megaconstellation” of circa 12,000 Starlink Internet satellites would dominate the lower part of the Earth orbit, below 600 km, with a latitude-dependent areal number density of between 0.005 and 0.01 objects per square degree at airmass <2. Such large, low-altitude satellites appear visually bright to ground observers, and the initial Starlinks are naked-eye objects. I model the expected number of illuminated satellites as a function of latitude, time of year, and time of night and summarize the range of possible consequences for ground-based astronomy. In winter at lower latitudes typical of major observatories, the satellites will not be illuminated for six hours in the middle of the night. However, at low elevations near twilight at intermediate latitudes (45°–55°, e.g., much of Europe) hundreds of satellites may be visible at once to naked-eye observers at dark sites.
Metadata 2020 Workathon Proceedings - Sept 2019
Authors: Chodacki John , Habermann Ted , Hendricks Ginny , Kaiser Kathryn , Kemp Jennifer , Meadows Alice , Paglione Laura , Pentz Ed , Ratner Howard , Reeves Paula , Schneider Juliane , Stacey Sarah , Urberg Michelle
Published: April 2020

Metadata 2020 have been thinking about how to spend the time during 2020 to ensure that our efforts result in the greatest impact possible. In reviewing our midpoint outputs, we recognized that a key piece that often is missing in the Scholarly Communications Metadata discussion is the change management activities necessary to ensure sustained action toward richer metadata. We feel that effective work here is essential to spur investment and evolved and widespread improved perspectives for metadata. On September 18-19, 2019, we held a Workathon workshop with key contributors to Metadata 2020 to discuss strategies and tactics for catalyzing this action. This paper provides the results of these discussion
Suicide in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Donovan Abigail L. , Browne Julia , Freudenreich Oliver , Cather Cori
Published: April 2020

Persons with schizophrenia are at a high risk for suicide, particularly early in the course of illness, but risk of suicide remains elevated throughout the life course. The diathesis for this risk includes demographic, environmental, and psychological factors, which are further influenced by stressors, such as the onset and exacerbation of illness and social influences. Comprehensive treatment for schizophrenia requires knowledge of these risk factors, ongoing assessment of suicide risk over time, and treatment planning to mitigate risk. Treatment interventions include both psychosocial and pharmacologic/somatic treatments.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(4):146–151.]
Integrating COBIT 5 PAM and TIPA for ITIL Using an Ontology Matching System
Authors: Almeida Rafael , Gonçalves Paloma Andrade , Percheiro Inês , Mira da Silva Miguel , Pardo César
Published: April 2020

Organizations can implement enterprise governance of IT (EGIT) over the use of practices such as COBIT 5 and ITIL. Integrating practices provide a more comprehensive and efficient approach, enabling features that would be unavailable through individual practices. Therefore, organizations are now forced to adopt and adapt various EGIT practices. However, the literature lacks a proposal that can assist and guide organizations in assessing different practices in a multi-practices environment. To overcome this issue, this research intends to shed some light in this area by proposing an ontological approach for describing TIPA for ITIL PAM and COBIT PAM, using semantic similarity techniques to compare COBIT and ITIL process assessment core concepts.
Is Collaborative Planning a Determinant of Financial Performance in Supply Chain?
Authors: Berezinets Irina , Nikolchenko Natalia , Zenkevich Nikolay
Published: April 2020

As both the practice and the results of the contemporary studies show, collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) improves the financial performance of supply chain members. The study investigated how Russian companies - the supply chain members, implement the process of CPFR in practice, and how implementation of the concept of collaborative planning affects the financial performance of the companies. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that collaborative planning drives the revenue of companies participating in the supply chain.
Apolipoprotein E Triggers Complement Activation in Joint Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Binding C1q
Authors: Vogt Leonie M. , Kwasniewicz Ewa , Talens Simone , Scavenius Carsten , Bielecka Ewa , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Enghild Jan J. , Mörgelin Matthias , Saxne Tore , Potempa Jan , Blom Anna M.
Published: April 2020

We identified apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as one of the proteins that are found in complex with complement component C4d in pooled synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immobilized human ApoE activated both the classical and the alternative complement pathways. In contrast, ApoE in solution demonstrated an isoform-dependent inhibition of hemolysis and complement deposition at the level of sC5b-9. Using electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ApoE interacts differently with C1q depending on its context; surface-bound ApoE predominantly bound C1q globular heads, whereas ApoE in a solution favored the hinge/stalk region of C1q. As a model for the lipidated state of ApoE in lipoprotein particles, we incorporated ApoE into phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes and found that the presence of ApoE on liposomes increased deposition of C1q and C4b from serum when analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, posttranslational modifications associated with RA, such as citrullination and oxidation, reduced C4b deposition, whereas carbamylation enhanced C4b deposition on immobilized ApoE. Posttranslational modification of ApoE did not alter C1q interaction but affected binding of complement inhibitors factor H and C4b-binding protein. This suggests that changed ability of C4b to deposit on modified ApoE may play an important role. Our data show that posttranslational modifications of ApoE alter its interactions with complement. Moreover, ApoE may play different roles in the body depending on its solubility, and in diseased states such as RA, deposited ApoE may induce local complement activation rather than exert its typical role of inhibition.
Geographical restriction of Hepatitis E virus circulation in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy
Authors: Bonardi Silvia , Filipello Virginia , Pavoni Enrico , Carta Valentina , Bolzoni Luca , Corradi Margherita , Gilioli Stefano , Losio Marina Nadia
Published: April 2020

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a singlestrand RNA virus that causes an acute viral hepatitis in humans. Among its eight recognized genotypes, HEV-3 and HEV-4 are zoonotic, infecting humans, pigs and wild boars. Recently, HEV-3 has been also detected in red deer, which represents another reservoir of HEV. Consumption of raw pork products (mainly liver sausages), undercooked wild boar meat, raw wild boar liver and deer meat has been responsible for foodborne HEV human worldwide. From November 2018 to March 2019, liver samples collected from 97 wild boars hunted in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy) were tested for HEV RNA. The hunting area included two territories for an extension of 33 km2, named A (about 13 km2, natural park, deciduous wood) and B (about 20 km2, cultivated fields in proximity of a river) areas. Distance between the two areas ranged between 8 to 10 km. A total of 73 wild boars were hunted in area A, and 24 in area B. HEV RNA was detected by Realtime RT–PCR in 23/73 liver samples of wild boars living in area A only (31.5% - 95% CI: 22.0-42.8%). The HEV sequences (n=13) clustered within genotype 3. The majority of positives belonged to animals < 12 months (12/25; 48%), followed by subadults (13-24 months) (7/16; 43.8%) and adults (4/32; 12.5%). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0024). In absence of pig farms, the restriction of HEV-positive animals to a well-defined territory of 13 km2 (Boschi di Carrega Regional Park) could hypothetically be related to the presence of red deer (Cervus elaphus), which lived in area A at the beginning of the hunting season. Further studies are needed to confirm or deny our hypothesis.
Development of a Peer Education Program to Improve Concussion Knowledge and Reporting in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Ernst William , Kneavel Meredith E.
Published: April 2020

Context

A novel peer concussion-education program (PCEP) was developed to enhance concussion knowledge and reporting among collegiate student-athletes.

Objective

To describe the PCEP and its development and implementation.

Design

Program development consisting of a literature review, focus group, and pilot implementation.

Setting

Athletics department at a college participating at the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II-sanctioned competition level.

Patients or Other Participants

Fifteen student-athletes from the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams participated in the focus group. Four peer concussion educators (PCEs) were debriefed after the pilot implementation of the PCEP with the women's soccer and men's lacrosse teams.

Data Collection and Analysis

Focus-group data were analyzed qualitatively. The PCEs were debriefed, and responses were organized into recommendation types.

Results

The literature review contributed information that supported the development of the PCEP's conceptual model. Focus-group results provided information used to train the PCEs and refine the PCEP's education modules. The pilot implementation and PCE debriefing supplied information used to further revise the education modules, PCE training, and PCEP implementation procedure.

Conclusions

The PCEP was developed based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and uses a peer-mediated, cognitive-behavioral, and interdisciplinary model to enhance concussion knowledge of and reporting by collegiate student-athletes. After a focus-group discussion and pilot implementation, we revised the PCEP and its education modules and developed an online manual to facilitate broad dissemination.
Blockchain Technology in the Food Industry
Authors: Fortuna Fabio , Risso Mario
Published: April 2020

This paper analyses how blockchain technology works in agri-food supply chains. It also intends to identify the benefits and limitations associated with the potential widespread use of this technology to improve efficiency and sustainability performance. Despite the undeniable benefits of blockchain and the possible improvements to enhance transparency, reliability and accuracy of information, considerable challenges to its widespread adoption persist. The transformational potential of blockchain technology can be unlocked by: a) the creation of a pre-competitive space for unprecedented horizontal collaboration amongst supply chain actors to reduce cost and maximise benefits; b) the redesign of centralised governance systems of existing tracking and information-sharing platforms; c) the integration of blockchain and Internet of Things devices.
O que Richard Feynman tem a nos ensinar sobre natureza da ciência?
Authors: Licio José Guilherme , Silva Cibelle Celestino
Published: April 2020

Em 11 de maio de 2018, comemorou-se 100 anos do nascimento do físico estadunidense Richard Phillips Feynman, vencedor do Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1965. Além de suas contribuições na área científica, Feynman é conhecido por suas produções didáticas e de divulgação científica. Neste artigo, apoiados pela Análise Textual Discursiva e pela abordagem de Ciência Integral, fazemos uma análise crítica da palestra ministrada por Feynman quando recebeu o Prêmio Nobel, explicitando informações e conhecimentos que fomentam uma visão contextualizada e humanizada do físico e seu trabalho, bem como um afastamento da visão anedótica construída sobre o personagem. Pela análise depreendemos diversas questões que ilustram aspectos da natureza da ciência relevantes na educação científica, tais como a importância dos erros conceituais cometidos pelo cientista, questões que motivam cientistas, formas como um cientista de prestígio constrói uma versão particular de seu trabalho científico e posicionamentos polêmicos.  A partir de estudos deste tipo, é possível promover visões mais críticas e bem informadas sobre a ciência tanto para professores, estudantes, cientistas e público leigo.
Estudo exploratório sobre o uso da palavra “metacognição” em artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros do ensino de ciências e matemática de 2007 a 2017
Authors: Corrêa Nancy Nazareth Gatzke , Passos Marinez Meneghello , Corrêa Hugo Emmanuel da Rosa , Arruda Sergio De Mello
Published: April 2020

Este artigo apresenta um estudo exploratório sobre o uso da palavra “metacognição” em artigos publicados nos periódicos brasileiros de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática dos estratos A1 e A2 da CAPES, de 2007 a 2017. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído de 430 artigos que foram analisados mediante os procedimentos da Análise de Conteúdo. Foram realizados dois movimentos interpretativos: o primeiro focalizou a intencionalidade geral do artigo, explorando os contextos em que a palavra metacognição foi utilizada, sistematizadas nas seis categorias emergentes: Processo de Aprendizagem; Processo Metacognitivo; Formação de Professores; Instrumento de Avaliação; Objeto de Aprendizagem e Ambiente de Aprendizagem; o segundo buscou pelos significados da palavra metacognição apresentados nos artigos, em que emergiram treze categorias: Processo Metacognitivo; Estratégia Metacognitiva; Habilidade Metacognitiva; Caráter Metacognitivo; Pensamento Metacognitivo; Aprendizagem; Conhecimento Metacognitivo; Metacognição Docente; Autorregulação; Tomada de Consciência; Competência Metacognitiva; Modelo Metacognitivo e Nível Metacognitivo. A partir dessas análises resultou o que chamamos de “diagrama geral” que representa uma síntese das pesquisas sobre metacognição publicadas nos periódicos brasileiros de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática nos últimos 11 anos.
Transonic Aerodynamic Analysis of Different Forebody Shapes of Aerospace Vehicles
Authors: Cristina Avelar Ana , Batista Falcão Filho João , Mendonça Silva Layra
Published: April 2020

One of the most important features of an aerospace vehicle design is its shape, especially the forebody part, since it defines the main characteristics of the vehicle aerodynamic. In this context, the present work has the purpose of investigating the transonic aerodynamic regime in typical vehicle models, with different frontal geometry configurations, using the experimental techniques pressure sensitive paint (PSP) and Schlieren. The aim is to get more insights about the flow patterns over the selected models, regarding the transonic regime, in terms of qualitative density field evaluation, and the identification of important aerodynamic parameters, such as shock wave positioning and pressure gradients over the model, as well as the influence of the forebody configuration in the flow pattern. The test campaign was carried out in the Pilot Transonic Wind Tunnel of the Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE; in Portuguese, Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço), varying Mach numbers from subsonic to low supersonic. Five forebody configurations mounted in a cylindrical body having the standard cone-cylinder shape as baseline was considered. A description of the phenomena occurring around and on the models surface for all five models is presented, through analyses of the Schlieren images and PSP results.
Measurement report: Statistical modelling of long-term atmospheric inorganic gaseous species trends within proximity of the pollution hotspot in South Africa
Authors: Swartz Jan-Stefan , Van Zyl Pieter G. , Beukes Johan P. , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Ramandh Avishkar , Pienaar Jacobus J.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. South Africa is considered an important source region of atmospheric pollutants, which is compounded by high population- and industrial growth. However, this region is understudied, especially with regard to evaluating long-term trends of atmospheric pollutants. The aim of this study was to perform statistical modelling of SO2, NO2 and O3 long-term trends based on 21-, 19- and 16-year passive sampling datasets available for three South African INDAAF (International network to study Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition in Africa) sites located within proximity of the pollution hotspot in the industrialised north-eastern interior in South Africa. The interdependencies between local, regional and global parameters on variances in SO2, NO2 and O3 levels were investigated in the model. Long-term temporal trends indicated seasonal and inter-annual variability at all three sites, which could be ascribed to changes in meteorological conditions and/or variances in source contribution. Local, regional and global parameters contributed to SO2 variability, with total solar irradiation (TSI) being the most significant factor at the regional background site, Louis Trichardt (LT). Temperature (T) was the most important factor at Skukuza (SK), located in the Kruger National Park, while population growth (P) made the most substantial contribution at the industrially impacted Amersfoort (AF) site. Air masses passing over the source region also contributed to SO2 levels at SK and LT. Local and regional factors made more substantial contributions to modelled NO2 levels, with P being the most significant factor explaining NO2 variability at all three sites, while relative humidity (RH) was the most important local and regional meteorological factor. The important contribution of P on modelled SO2 and NO2 concentrations was indicative of the impact of increased anthropogenic activities and energy demand in the north-eastern interior of South Africa. Higher SO2 concentrations, associated with lower temperatures, as well as the negative correlation of NO2 levels to RH, reflected the influence of pollution build-up and increased household combustion during winter. ENSO made a significant contribution to modelled O3 levels at all three sites, while the influence of local and regional meteorological factors was also evident. Trend lines for SO2 and NO2 at AF indicated an increase in SO2 and NO2 concentrations over the 19-year sampling period, while an upward trend in NO2 levels at SK signified the influence of growing rural communities. Marginal trends were observed for SO2 at SK, as well as SO2 and NO2 at LT, while O3 remained relatively constant at all three sites. SO2 and NO2 concentrations were higher at AF, while the regional O3 problem was evident at all three sites.
Dilution impacts on smoke aging: Evidence in BBOP data
Authors: Hodshire Anna L. , Ramnarine Emily , Akherati Ali , Alvarado Matthew L. , Farmer Delphine K. , Jathar Shantanu H. , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Lonsdale Chantelle R. , Onasch Timothy B. , Springston Stephen R. , Wang Jian , Wang Yang , Kleinman Lawrence I. , Sedlacek III Arthur J. , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Biomass burning emits vapors and aerosols into the atmosphere that can rapidly evolve as smoke plumes travel downwind and dilute, affecting climate- and health-relevant properties of the smoke. To date, theory has been unable to explain variability in smoke evolution. Here, we use observational data from the BBOP field campaign and show that initial smoke concentrations can help predict changes in smoke aerosol aging markers, number, and diameter. Because initial field measurements of plumes are generally > 10 minutes downwind, smaller plumes will have already undergone substantial dilution relative to larger plumes. However, the extent to which dilution has occurred prior to the first observation is not a measurable quantity. Hence, initial observed concentrations can serve as an indicator of dilution, which impacts photochemistry and aerosol evaporation. Cores of plumes have higher concentrations than edges. By segregating the observed plumes into cores and edges, we infer that particle aging, evaporation, and coagulation occurred before the first measurement, and we find that edges generally undergo higher increases in oxidation tracers, more decreases in semivolatile compounds, and less coagulation than the cores.
Surface flux estimates derived from UAS-based mole fraction measurements by means of a nocturnal boundary layer budget approach
Authors: Kunz Martin , Lavric Jost V. , Gasche Rainer , Gerbig Christoph , Grant Richard H. , Koch Frank-Thomas , Schumacher Marcus , Wolf Benjamin , Zeeman Matthias
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere has a large
influence on the Earth system and specifically on the climate. This
exchange is therefore being studied intensively, often using the eddy
covariance (EC) technique. EC measurements provide reliable results
under turbulent atmospheric conditions, but under calm and stable
conditions – as they often occur at night – these measurements
are known to misrepresent exchange fluxes. Nocturnal boundary layer
(NBL) budgets can provide independent flux estimates under stable
conditions, but their application so far has been limited by rather
high cost and practical difficulties. Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs)
equipped with trace gas analysers have the potential to make this
method more accessible. We present the methodology and results of
a proof-of-concept study carried out during the ScaleX 2016 campaign.
Successive vertical profiles of carbon dioxide dry-air mole fraction
in the NBL were taken with a compact analyser carried by a UAS. We
estimate an average carbon dioxide flux of 12 µmolm-2s-1,
which is plausible for nocturnal respiration in this region in summer.
Transport modelling suggests that the NBL budgets represent an area
on the order of 100 km2.
A new method to correct the ECC ozone sonde time response and its implications for “background current” and pump efficiency
Authors: Vömel Holger , Smit Herman G. J. , Tarasick David , Johnson Bryan , Oltmans Samuel J. , Selkirk Henry , Thompson Anne M. , Stauffer Ryan M. , Witte Jacquelyn C. , Davies Jonathan , van Malderen Roeland , Morris Gary A. , Nakano Tatsumi , Stübi Rene
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozonesonde has been the main instrument for in situ profiling of ozone worldwide; yet, some details of its operation, which contribute to the ozone uncertainty budget, are not well understood. Here, we investigate the time response of the chemical reactions inside the ECC and how corrections can be used to remove some systematic biases. The analysis is based on the understanding that two reaction pathways involving ozone occur inside the ECC that generate electrical currents on two very different time scales. A slow reaction pathway involving the buffer with a time constant of about 25 min can be interpreted as what has conventionally been considered the “background current”. This contribution can be calculated and removed from the measured current instead of the “background current”. The remaining fast reaction pathway with a time constant of about 20 s is due the conversion of iodide to molecular iodine and the generation of two free electrons per ozone molecule. Here we provide an algorithm to calculate and remove the contribution of the slow reaction pathway and to correct for the time lag of the faster reaction pathway. This processing algorithm has been applied to ozonesonde profiles at Costa Rica and during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) and to laboratory experiments evaluating the performance of ECC ozonesondes. At Costa Rica, where a 1 % KI, 1/10th buffer solution is used, there is no change in the derived total ozone column; however, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, average reported ozone concentrations increase by up to 7 % and above 30 km decrease by up to 7 %. During CEPEX, where a 1 % KI, full buffer solution was used, ozone concentrations are increased mostly in the upper troposphere with no change near to the top of the profile. In the laboratory measurements, the processing algorithms have been applied to measurements using all current sensing solutions and using only the stronger pump efficiency correction reported by Johnson et al. (2002), which improves the time response of the ECCs and removes some biases relative to the reference instruments. In the surface layer, the correction algorithm shows that ECC ozonesonde measurements are influenced by the operational procedures prior to launch and that typical gradients above the surface layer may be steeper than originally reported.
Re-evaluating 14C dating accuracy in deep-sea sediment archives
Authors: Lougheed Bryan C. , Ascough Philippa , Dolman Andrew M. , Löwemark Ludvig , Metcalfe Brett
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The current geochronological state of the art for applying the radiocarbon
(14C) method to deep-sea sediment archives lacks key information on
sediment bioturbation. Here, we apply a sediment accumulation model that
simulates the sedimentation and bioturbation of millions of foraminifera,
whereby realistic 14C activities (i.e. from a 14C calibration
curve) are assigned to each single foraminifera based on its simulation
time step. We find that the normal distribution of 14C age typically
used to represent discrete-depth sediment intervals (based on the reported
laboratory 14C age and measurement error) is unlikely to be a faithful
reflection of the actual 14C age distribution for a specific depth
interval. We also find that this deviation from the actual 14C age
distribution is greatly amplified during the calibration process.
Specifically, we find a systematic underestimation of total geochronological
error in many cases (by up to thousands of years), as well as the generation
of age–depth artefacts in downcore calibrated median age. Even in the case
of “perfect” simulated sediment archive scenarios, whereby sediment
accumulation rate (SAR), bioturbation depth, reservoir age and species
abundance are all kept constant, the 14C measurement and calibration
processes generate temporally dynamic median age–depth artefacts on the
order of hundreds of years – whereby even high SAR scenarios (40 and 60 cm kyr−1) are susceptible. Such age–depth artefacts
can be especially pronounced during periods corresponding to dynamic changes
in the Earth's Δ14C history, when single foraminifera of varying
14C activity can be incorporated into single discrete-depth sediment
intervals. For certain lower-SAR scenarios, we find that downcore
discrete-depth true median age can systematically fall outside the calibrated
age range predicted by the 14C measurement and calibration processes,
thus leading to systematically inaccurate age estimations. In short, our
findings suggest the possibility of 14C-derived age–depth artefacts in
the literature. Furthermore, since such age–depth artefacts are likely to
coincide with large-scale changes in global Δ14C, which
themselves can coincide with large-scale changes in global climate (such as
the last deglaciation), 14C-derived age–depth artefacts may have been
previously incorrectly attributed to changes in SAR coinciding with global
climate. Our study highlights the need for the development of improved
deep-sea sediment 14C calibration techniques that include an a priori
representation of bioturbation for multi-specimen samples.