bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uas politik
Authors: Aditiyas Muhammad Ryan Dwi
Published: May 2022

saya mengambil jurnal dari bapak anis yang berjudul Women Traders Livelihoodsin Tourism Area of Lok Baintan Floating Market jurnal tersebut tentang matapencarian wanita pedagang di kawasan pasar terapung lok baintan. Didalam jurnaltersebut saya mengkutip tentang keperkasaan wanita kalimantan y ang ada di lokbaintan dan berkaitan dengan ilmu politik nya itu sendiri adalah hak asasiperempuan atau di singkat dengan konsep hak asasi perempuan (HAP) pengertianhak asasi perempuan adalah manusia yang berdampak terhadap perlindungan danhak-hak dasar mereka sebagai manusai, yang kedua hak asai manusia adalahpengintegrasian hak asasi manusia kedalam standar hak asasi manusia (HAM).
Pengaruh Hidup Keteladanan Hamba Tuhan Bagi Pertumbuhan dan Penatalayanan Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Bintang Verlis
Published: May 2022

pertumbuhan gereja merupakan hal yang sangat penting apalagi dalam kehidupan jemaat saat sekarang ini. Tetapi ketika di lihat pada kenyataannya, tidak semua gereja belum mengalami pertumbuhan yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa gereja yang belum mengalami pertumbuhan di akibatkan oleh masalah keteladanan hidup seorang gembala atau hamba Tuhan yang berakibat pada kurangnya pertumbuhan gereja. Tujuan penulisan ini yakni untuk mengetahui sikap hidup sebagai hamba Tuhan dalam menjalankan tugas pelayanan yang baik berdasarkan sikap kepemimpinan yang dikenal dengan tiga istilah yakni kebijaksanaan, pintar, dan berani. Banyak tokoh Alkitab yang patut menjadi contoh bagaimana sikap hidup hamba Tuhan yang baik untuk pertumbhan gereja yakni bisa di lihat dari kisah hidup Salomo, hal inilah yang menjadi contoh bagaimana kepemimpinan hamba Tuhan harus di terapkan dengan baik, dimana hamba Tuhan dalam menyatakan kebenaran harus memiliki tiga istilah ini yaitu kebijaksanaan, pintar dan berani. Tidak sekedar berani, karena kebanyakan hamba Tuhan yang berani tetapi tidak pintar dan bijaksana. Jadi tiga aspek ini harus ada dalam diri seorang hamba Tuhan demi membangun pertumbuhan yang baik bagi Gereja.
jurnal penelitian cita khaerani identifikasi materi promkes ,jurnal, yessy kurniati,S.KM,.M.Kes.
Authors: Sudarsin
Published: May 2022

catatan hasil penelitian cita khaerani identifikasi materi promkes,jurnal, yessy kurniati, S.KM,.M.Kes.
A single nucleotide variant on chromosome 12 residing within KCNC2 distinguishes patients with luminal B breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2022

Molecular subtypes including luminal subtypes A and B drive patient outcomes in human breast cancer but the biological basis for this is not completely understood (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to discover in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing genetic and transcriptional features of tumors of each breast cancer molecular subtype. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs4301846, residing within KCNC2, as among the most significant genetic differences in the tumors of patients with luminal B breast cancer. In a separate cohort of patients with luminal B subtype breast cancer, we observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of a KCNC2 transcript. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that KCNC2 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal-like breast cancer. Sequence variation in the KCNC2 gene may be important in understanding differences in genetic background that favor development of luminal B subtype human breast cancer.
Teologi Paulus Mengenai Peran Gereja Terhadap Bumi yang Bhinneka
Authors: Tangko Yanti Taruk
Published: May 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang sikap Gereja dalam menyikapi kebhinnekaan yang secara sadar hidup berdampingan dengan gereja. Teologi Paulus mengenai Gereja seharusnya menjadikan perbedaan menjadi kekuatan. Untuk itu, gereja haruslah menjadi sarana integrasi bagi masyarakat dalam menyikapi isu kemajemukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan kemudian akandideskrisikan. Dengan menggunakan metode tersebuat maka di dapatkan kesimpulan, Gereja merupakan kumpulan dari manusia yang memiliki karakter dan nilai-nilai yang berbeda, di mana perbedaan tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya konflik. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pemahaman Firman Tuhan yang benar, khususnya mengenai kesatuan gereja, sehingga dapat mencegah munculnya konflik. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang makna kesatuan sesuai Efesus 4:1-16. Adapun kesatuan yang dimaksud dalam ayat tersebut ialah, kesatuan Roh, di mana setiap orang percaya terhubung bersama sebagai bagian dari gereja yang esa, karena Roh Kudus yang mengerjakannya. Kesatuan dibangun atas dua hal yang paradoks, yaitu kesamaan dan keberagaman. Kesamaan menjadi titik tolak terwujudnya kesatuan, dan keberagaman, khususnya dalam hal karunia, menjadi perlengkapan dan komponen yang saling mengisi dalam membangun kesatuan.
Computation of Sum of Optimized Binomial Coefficients and Application in Computational Science and Engineering
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: May 2022

Computational science and Engineering is a rapidly growing multi-and inter-disciplinary area where science, engineering, computation, mathematics, and collaboration uses advance computing capabilities to understand and solve the most complex real life problems. In this article, a methodological advance is developed as an application for the researchers working in computer and computational engineering.
Pasar Monopoli
Authors: Rahmi Ince Nur
Published: May 2022

Di dalam pasal 1 ayat 1 UU Antimonopoli, monopoli didefinisikan sebagai suatu penguasaan atas produksi / pemasaran barang / penggunaan jasa tertentu oleh satu pelaku usaha. Monopoli secara bahasa berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, yaitu: monos yang artinya satu dan polein yang artinya menjual sehingga pasar monopoli dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu bentuk pasar di mana hanya terdapat satu perusahaan saja. Dan perusahaan ini menghasilkan barang yang tidak mempunyai barang pengganti yang sangat dekat.
Hospitalitas Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak dan Implikasinya bagi Keluarga
Authors: R. Hansdeni
Published: May 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menguraikan proses pembentukan karakter anak dan peran orang tua dalam memberikan didikan dalam rangka membetuk karakter anak. Tulisan ini akan memperlihatkan tugas orang tua dalam keluarga untuk membentuk karakter anak dengan menerapkan keramahtamahan dan kasih (hospitalitas), sebagai dasar relasi dalam keluarga untuk membina dan membentuk karakter anak.Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Metode penelitian kualitatif merupakan metode pengkajian sebuah masalah yang terjadi dan mendeskripsikannya. Tulisan ini menawarkan hospitalitas sebagai upaya untuk membentuk karakter anak yang dapat diterapkan melalui peran orang tua dalam sebuah keluarga.
Resume Kebijakan Moneter Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Alimuddin Irhamni
Published: May 2022

Kebijakan Moneter adalah suatu usaha dalam mengendalikan keadaan ekonomi makro agar dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diinginkan melalui pengaturan jumlah uang yang beredar dalam perekonomian. Usaha tersebut dilakukan agar terjadi kestabilan harga dan inflasi serta terjadinya peningkatan output keseimbangan. Hampir semua sektor ekonomi kapitalis terkait dengan sistembunga sehingga sektor moneter lebih cepat berkembang dari pada sektor riil. Hal ini disebabkan karena sektor moneter lebih cepat memberikan keuntungan dari pada sektor rill.
RESUME ANALISIS KURVA KEPUASAN SAMA
Authors: Nurlia
Published: May 2022

RESUME ANALISIS KURVA KEPUASAN SAMA
Pasar Monopoli
Authors: Asis Irtiyah Khairiyana
Published: May 2022

Pasar monopoli adalah kondisi di mana hanya ada satu atau sedikit penjual di dalam pasar sehingga tak ada pihak lain yang menyainginya.
Hubungan Pemerintah Dengan Gerakan Koperasi
Authors: Awal Nurul
Published: May 2022

Pemerintah setiap saat turun tangan, guna memberikan pengamanan terhadap azas dan sendi dasar pemerintah, baik guna kepentingan gerakan koperasi sendiri maupun bagi keperluan masyarakat. Modernisasi koperasi harus dilakukan untuk menghadapi globalisasi yang dengan persaingan bebas.
Gaya Kepemimpin Gereja Mula-mula dan Relevansinya Bagi Pemimpin Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Karaeng Salwan
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to provide insight into the origins of the Church's leadership style, which is based on the story of the apostles. This style is still relevant today for church leaders. How the values of the Church's first leaders were integrated into today. The dream of the church today is based on the leadership of people who were once servants, spiritual leaders, and Transformational figures. Leadership was evident in the life of Jesus. This leadership continued to the disciples and disciples of Jesus.
Analisis Teologis Mengenai Konflik Rasul Paulus dan Barnabas dan kaitannya dengan Kehidupan Gereja Masa Kini
Authors: Yanti Nova
Published: May 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang akar masalah konflik yang terjadi antara Rasul Paulus dan Barnabas yang akhirnya menimbulkan permusuhan, persaingan atau sikap menyerang seperti fenomena yang biasa terjadi dalam Gereja. Pemisahan Paulus dan Barnabas merupakan keputusan yang berdampak pada perluasan jangkauan penyebaran Injil Kristus. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu melalui mencari dan mengumpulkan beberapa teori dari berbagai literatur – literatur yang ada, seperti jurnal maupun buku – buku yang mendukung dan berkaitan dengan penelitian judul diatas.
Gelar Logos Bagi Yesus Menurut Injil Yohanes : Yesus Sebagai Jalan Keselamatan
Authors: Ela Kristiani
Published: May 2022

Di dalam tulisan Yohanes dalam Injil Yohanes 1:1 ia memperkenalkan Yesus sebagai Logos (Firman) di awal tulisannya. Namun yang menjadi pertanyaannya adalah mengapa Yohanes memperkenalkan Yesus dengan menggunakan gelar Logos di awal tulisannya itu. Ada beberapa para ahli teologi yang mengatakan bahwa Logos dengan Allah itu sama, dan ada juga yang tidak setuju dengan pernyataan tersebut. Itulah sebabnya sampai saat ini para ahli theologi masih mencari tau apakah yang dimaksud oleh Yohanes tentang gelar Logos yang digunakan di awal suratnya. Logos sang Firman yang hidup di utus oleh Allah kedalam dunia untuk menebus manusia dari dosa-dosa. Yesus datang memberikan arahan kepada semua orang tanpa terkecuali bahwa hanya Dia yang menjadi satu-satunya jalan utama bagi setiap manusia agar bisa sampai kepada Allah Bapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang gelar logos dalam Injil Yohanes dan Yesus sebagai jalan keselamatan secara teologis. Peneliti melakukan studi dengan menyusun dan merampungkan karya tulis untuk mendapat pengertian dan pemahaman yang benar tentang pembahasan teologis ini, maka penulis menggunakan metode yang perolehan datanya diambil melalui data sekunder atau melalui kajian pustaka. Melalui studi pustaka penulis menggunakan buku dan jurnal yang berkaitan tentang Logos dalam Injil Yohanes untuk membantu menjawab rumusan masalah.
Mechanisms of psychological adaptation to chronic illness and disability
Authors: Inasaridze Ketevan
Published: May 2022

Currently, quite a lot of people are diagnosed with chronic illness and disability. People with chronic illness and disability often face physical, psychological, social, educational, financial, and occupational barriers that significantly disrupt their quality of life. Consultants, when working with people with persistent chronic illness and disability, usually use their experience in a) stress, crisis, loss and grief; b) the impact of traumatic events on quality of life, self-esteem, self-concept and body image; and (c) the influence of disability-related factors, and social reactions on psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability. Of the many measures available to assess psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability, the article discusses six of them. The article presents important concepts, processes, assessment tools, and intervention strategies related to psychosocial adaptation issues related to chronic illness and disability.
Postural adaptation to microgravity underlies fine motor impairment in astronauts' speech
Authors: Shamei Arian , Soskuthy Marton , Stavness Ian , Gick Bryan
Published: May 2022

Understanding the role of anti-gravity behaviour in fine motor control is crucial to achieving a unified theory of motor control. We compare speech from astronauts before and immediately after microgravity exposure to evaluate the role of anti-gravity postures during fine motor skills. Here we show a generalized lowering of vowel spaces after space travel, which suggests a generalized postural shift of the articulators. Biomechanical modelling of the vocal tract in simulated 1g and 0g conditions supports this analysis – the jaw and tongue are pulled down in 1g, but movement trajectories of the tongue are otherwise unaffected. These results demonstrate the role of anti-gravity posture in fine motor behaviour and provide a basis for the unification of motor control models across domains.
Extended Mind Thesis and Quantum Cognition
Authors: Gadda Navjot Singh
Published: May 2022

The Extended Mind Thesis holds that mental states are realized in extended physical systems and are not identical with processes occurring inside the brain. A central question raised by this hypothesis is how to model cognition within this extended framework. Here I propose that classical computation can't explain this extension and one rather needs a quantum mechanical description of cognition to help solve the Extended Minds Problem. I develop a computational model of the relationship between quantum information processing and cognition. In particular, I focus on a ramification of Quantum Cognition representing probabilistic relationships amongst information processing units associated directly through reversible local operations performed on data bits. Based on this, I formulate three classes of memory storage incorporating arbitrary permutations allowed during reversible computations which occur both locally as well as nonlocally and act upon inputted data bits and encode initial correlations amongst separate memory elements existing before computation occurred. In conclusion, I dicuss various implications of my work.
Argument by numbers: the normative impact of statistical legal tech
Authors: Diver Laurence , McBride Pauline
Published: May 2022

The introduction of statistical ‘legal tech’ raises questions about the future of law and legal practice. While technologies have always mediated the concept, practice, and texture of law, a qualitative and quantitative shift is taking place: statistical legal tech is being integrated into mainstream legal practice, and particularly that of litigators. These applications -- particularly in search and document generation -- mediate how practicing lawyers interact with the legal system. By shaping how law is ‘done’, the applications ultimately come to shape what law is. Where such applications impact on the creative elements of the litigator’s practice, for example via automation bias, they affect their professional and ethical duty to respond appropriately to the unique circumstances of their client’s case -- a duty that is central to the Rule of Law. The statistical mediation of legal resources by machine learning applications must therefore be introduced with great care, if we are to avoid the subtle, inadvertent, but ultimately fundamental undermining of the Rule of Law. In this contribution we describe the normative effects of legal tech application design, how they are (in)compatible with law and the Rule of Law as normative orders, particularly with respect to legal texts which we frame as the proper source of 'lossless law', uncompressed by statistical framing. We conclude that reliance on the vigilance of individual lawyers is insufficient to guard against the potentially harmful effects of such systems, given their inscrutability, and suggest that the onus is on the providers of legal technologies to demonstrate the legitimacy of their systems according to the standards inherent in the legal system.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KEBANGSAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 MELALUI PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: Rifani Ahmad Nurdin Al
Published: May 2022

Akibat pengaruh globalisasi dan perkembangan Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menghasilkan perubahan yang pesat di masyarakat meliputi Pergeseran ekonomi, sosiologi dan epistemology yang signifikan. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan manusia-manusia yang mimiliki keterampilan yang dapat menghadapi tantangan tersebut salah satunya melalui peningkatan kualitas pendidikan berkualifikasi global. Pembelajaran abad ke-21 dapat menjadi cara untuk meraih tujuan tersebut. Dalam perkembangan tersebut adalah merupakan tantanga sendiri bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam mempertahankan diri dari kuatnya arus perkembangan zaman pada abad 21. Karena hal itu diperlukan sebuah pendidikan karakter yang dapat membendung dan menyaring kuatnya arus perkembangan zaman tersebut.
PROFESIONALISME GURU INDONESIA SERTA TANTANGAN PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21
Authors: Amelia Sri
Published: May 2022

Guru merupakan satu di antara komponen penting dalam proses belajar mengajar. Seorang guru ikut berperan serta dalam usaha membentuk sumber daya manusia yang potensial di bidang pembangunan. Tantangan pembelajaran di abad 21 atau bisa juga di sebut era revolusi industri 4.0 yaitu seorang pendidik atau guru harus mampu mengubah mindset peserta didik dari memanfaatkan menjadi menciptakan.
Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter dan Budaya Bangsa Dalam Pendidikan Nasional
Authors: Silawati
Published: May 2022

Pendidikan merupakan hal yang paling pnting dalam kehidupan, selain dapat mencerdaskan semua orang pendidikan juga dapat membentuk karakter seseorang. Dalam hal ini semua yang terjadi pada setiap manusia mmerlukan yang namanya pendidikan dan hal ini tidak dapat didpisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan pendidikan menjamin masa depan seseorang. Karakter bisa dibentuk dengan adanya pendidikan baik pendidikan formal, informal maupun pendidikan nonformal. Dunia pendidikan harus mampu mempersiapkan sumberdaya manusia untuk generasi berikutnya, pendidikan harus mampu menjadikan sumberdaya manusia sebagai kekuatan untuk bangsa dan Negara, bukan hanya menguasai tentang sebuah teori tetapi juga mempersiapkan gnerasi muda bangsa untuk menghadapi rintangan yang terjadi dalam setiap kehidupan baik local, regional, nasional dan internasional. Dunia pendidikan saat ini masih menampung banyak sekali permasalahan terutama dalam pemerataan dan peningkatan kualitas pendidikan yang masih belum memberikan hasil seperti apa yang sudah diharapakan dan kualitas pendidikan pun masih relative rendah ditambah tantangan yang ada di berbagai bidang semakin berat. Oleh karena itu pentingnya budaya bangsa dan karakter dalam dunia pendidikan nasional harus lebih ditingkatkan dan diperhatikan.
DINAMIKA PEMBELAJARAN 4.0 DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK DAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU
Authors: Ramiadani Ayu Kesuma
Published: May 2022

Didalam dunia Pendidikan ada banyak sekali tantangan yang ditempuh apalagi sekarang kita memasuki Era 4.0 abad 21 dimana kita harus bisa menggunakan teknologi yang semakin canggih saat ini dalam mendidik karakter peserta didik yang baik, Karakter pertama kali terbentuk di dalam lingkungan keluarga, dimana manusia dididik dan diajarkan berbagai nilai-nilai untuk pertama kalinya. Indonesia sangat membutuhkan generasi penerus yang unggul dalam segala hal yang nantinya dapat memajukan dan menaikkan derajat bangsa serta menyelaraskan dengan perkembangan zaman. Serta kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai tenaga pendidik yang meliputi penguasaan pedagogic, pengetahuan, metodologi, manajemen, dan sebagainya yang tercermin dalam kinerja di lingkungan pendidikan. Guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih, menilai, dan mengevaluasi peserta didik dan pendidikan anak usia dini, jalur pendidikan formal, dasar, dan menengah.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTEr DAN BUDAYA BANGSA
Authors: NAFISAH SAIDATUN
Published: May 2022

Nilai pendidikan nasional Indonesia saat ini masih menghadapi berbagai masalah. Capaian hasil pendidikan masih belum memenuhi hasil yang diharapkan. Pembelajaran di sekolah belum mampu membentuk secara utuh pribadi lulusan yang mencerminkan karakter dan budaya bangsa. Proses pendidikan masih menitikberatkan dan memfokuskan capaiannya secara kognitif. Sementara, aspek afektif pada diri peserta didik yang merupakan bekal kuat untuk hidup di masyarakat belum dikembangkan secara optimal. Karena itu, pendidikan karakter dan budaya bangsa merupakan seatu keniscayaan untuk dikembangkan di sekolah. Sekolah sebagai pusat perubahan perlu mengupayakan secara sungguh-sungguh pendidikan yang berbasis karakter dan budaya bangsa
The up hill and down hill exercises effect on the improvement of 100 meter running
Authors:   Faculty of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Wardianti Elvira , Sukoco Pamuji ,   Faculty of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Virama La Ode Adhi ,   Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Kendari State Islamic Institute, Kendari, Indonesia, Yudhistira Dewangga ,   Sport Coaching Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of Up Hill and Down Hill exercises on increasing the 100 m run. The respondents of this study were 30 male athletes aged 16-17 years with a height of ±157.4 cm and a weight of ±56 kg. Samples were taken from extracurricular athletes who met the following criteria: they had been doing club training for 4-5 years, had done anatomical adaptation exercises before doing uphill and downhill exercises for 1 month, could carry out treatment for 16 meetings, and were in good health and not injured. Exclusion criteria are those that do not include requirements for inclusion. This research is an experimental study with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design as this research has a Pre-Test before being given treatment and a Post-Test after being given treatment. To test one's ability to run a 100 m sprint, one uses an instrument that measures one's ability to perform a 100 m sprint. An athletic track and a stopwatch are used as the tools in the 100-meter sprint ability test. The results showed that the average scores on the Pre-Test and Post-Test were ±11.80 and ±11.40, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of the T-Test Paired Sample, the results of the Pre-Test and Post-Test were found at a significance of p>0.05 so it can be concluded that there are no significant effects on Up Hill and Down Hill exercises on increasing the 100-meter run.
Effect of different training methods on strength of large muscle groups of Altus gymnasium participants in Lege Tafo Lege Dadi, Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Sport Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 31248, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Gelalecha Cheru Kussa , Shiferaw Tilahun Bereded ,   Department of Sport Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 31248, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

Background: Athletes performing resistance exercises to gain muscle strength in different modes. The aim of this research was to investigate the consequence of different training methods on strength of a large muscle group of Altius gymnasium participants, Ethiopia. Methods: The total population was 32, and they were found in the age of between 18-25 years old on average. Subjects were then divided into two training groups: one repetition maximum (1RM) group (N=16), ‘” Trial and Error” training mode (N=16). The 1RM group performed 80% 1RM load three sets and three days per week for eight- weeks and Trial and Error training mode group maximum repetition with the load the person can work out 8-10 maximum repetition with three sets three days per week for eight weeks on large muscle group of the chest, arm, shoulder, leg, and back. At the completion of the eight-week training programs, the subjects were retested. An independent t-test was used to compare the 1RM and “Trial and Error” training mode data. Results: A significant difference was found between training programs for changes in the 1RM group for the large muscle groups of the arm, chest, shoulder, leg, and back muscles (p <0.05). And for the Trial and Error training mode group there was a significant change in the chest, back and shoulder large muscle groups, however, strength gained was not different for arm and leg muscles, (p>0.05). There is a considerable variation among the effect of 1RM and “trial and error” training mode on strength of large muscle groups (Arm, Chest, Shoulder, Leg, and Back muscle) of Altus gymnasium participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, the 1RM mode of training has more effect than the “Trial and Error” training mode on strength of large muscle groups.
Conceptual Understanding of Definite Integral: An Experimental Study Using Geo-Gebra at University Level
Authors: Adhikari Ganesh Prasad
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of GeoGebra software on students’ achievements regarding their conceptual understanding of definite integral. This study used a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent group design. The participants were fifty-two students from two intact sections of postgraduate in the second semester at the University Campus, Kirtipur, with one section assigned as the experimental group and the other section as the control by a convenience sampling method.  The experimental group of 24 students received instruction with the GeoGebra software module, while the control group received the traditional method. The independent sample t-test was used in the analysis of data gathered from CUDIT which was subjected to before and after treatment. The results of this study revealed that there were no significant differences in pre-test mean scores between the experimental and control groups at CUDIT, but there were significant differences in post-test mean scores. These results indicated that the conceptual understanding of definite integral of students in the experimental group outperformed those in the control group. This study recommends that mathematics teachers use the GeoGebra Software for the conceptual understanding of the mathematical content to help learners in their learning process.
Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Rupandehi District, Western Nepal
Authors: Singh Anant Gopal
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants used for the cure of various diseases since time immemorial. The majority of population of developing countries also used traditional medicine because of poverty and no side effect. Ethnobotany survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as indigestion, lack of hunger, stomach pain, dysentery, diarrhea, constipation, and piles in western Nepal during different season of March 2020 to November 2020. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers having practical knowledge of plants in medicine was interviewed in 10 villages of Rupandehi district of western Nepal and native plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during fieldtrips. A total of 34 plant species belonging to 33 genera, and 27 families are documented in this study. The medicinal plants used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders by people are listed with botanical name (in binomial form), family, local names, habits, and parts used. This study showed that many people in the studied areas of Rupandehi district still continue to depend on the medicinal plants at least for the treatment of primary healthcare.
A Folkloristic Study on the Folk Songs That Reflect Nature
Authors: Ghimire Ram Prasad
Published: May 2022

This article traces nature in the folk songs being concerned with why folk song creators associate their songs with nature. The study drew its firsthand data by doing field research in Arghakhanchi and the researcher has used folkloristic concepts to analyze the given folk songs. The folkloristic study on them shows that the folk singers of the given locality use nature for two purposes. One purpose of using nature is to produce rhyme in the songs with the objects of nature. This may be called a surface level association. The second one is to associate the subtle layers of their ideas and feelings that they pass through in their life with the virtues and qualities of the things of nature. As a result of this, their creation becomes dense with different virtues and tastes of images and symbols. Of course, human beings feel lively and energetic when they are close to nature. Since there is constant original link age of human beings with natural properties like earth, water, fire, air, and ether, they find and feel nature as the essential inspiring factor for both their life as well as their creation that is very often filled with various wonderful facets of nature.
रामायणमा राम, भरत, लक्ष्मण र शत्रुघ्नजन्मसम्बन्धी मतमतान्तरहरूको विवेचना
Authors: Aryal Thaneshwor
Published: May 2022

महर्षि वाल्मीकि संस्कृत साहित्यका आदिकवि हुन् । उनी द्वारा रचित रामायण आदिमहाकाव्य हो । यसलाई वाल्मीकि रामायण भनिन्छ । यसमा अयोध्याका राजा दसरथका छोरा रामचन्द्र र जनकपुरका राजा जनककी छोरी सीताको कथा छ । रामचन्द्रद्वारा लङ्काका राजा रावणको वध गरेको देखाई अन्याय–अत्याचार र असत्यको हार तथा सत्कर्म, सच्चरित्रता र सत्यको विजय हुन्छ भन्ने आदर्श मान्यताको स्थापना गरिएको छ । वाल्मीकि रामायणमा दशरथका रानीहरू कौशल्याका छोरा राम, कैकेयीका छोरा भरत र सुमित्राका छोरा लक्ष्मण र शत्रुघ्न भनिएको छ । अध्यात्म रामायण, रामचरित मानस, भानुभक्तको रामायण र रविकृत रामायण (यस रविकृत रामायणमा शत्रुघ्नको नाम छैन) मा पनि यही छ ।  वाल्मीकिद्वारा नै रचित आनन्द रामायणमा कौशल्याका छोरा राम, सुमित्राका छोरा लक्ष्मण र कैकेयीका जम्ल्याहा छोरा भरत र शत्रुघ्न भनिएको छ । बाल्यकाल, वनवासकाल र उत्तरार्धको समयमा समेत लक्ष्मण सदैव रामका निकटमा र सहयोगीका रूपमा रहेको पाइन्छ र शत्रुघ्न सदैव भरतका निकटमा र उनैका सहयोगीका रूपमा रहेको पाइन्छ । हुन त वाल्मीकि रामायण नै आधिकारिक मानिंदै आएको परम्परा छ । तदनुरूप वाल्मीकि रामायण, अध्यात्म रामायण, रामचरित मानस, भानुभक्तको रामायण र रविकृत रामायणमा राम, भरत, लक्ष्मण र शत्रुुघ्नका जन्मका कुरामा र यिनीहरूका आमाहरूका बारेमा पनि एकरूपता छ । यी मान्यता र तथ्यहरूका विपरीत वाल्मीकिद्वारा नै रचित आनन्द रामायणमा कौशल्यापुत्र राम, सुमित्रापुत्र लक्ष्मण तथा कैकेयीपुत्र भरत र शत्रुघ्न भनेर उल्लेख गरिएको छ । साथै लक्ष्मण रामसग निकट र शत्रुघ्न भरतसँग निकट देखिइरहने हुनाले पनि भरत र शत्रुघ्न नै कैकेयीका जम्ल्याहा पुत्र हुन् भन्ने कुरा सत्य र प्रामाणिक देखिन्छ । यही विचार अघि सार्नु प्रस्तुत लेखको सार हो ।
SVM, KNN, Random Forest, and Neural Network based Handwritten Nepali Barnamala Recognition
Authors: Nyaupane Bal Krishna , Sah Rupesh Kumar , Dahal Kiran Chandra
Published: May 2022

Nepali Barnamala consists 36 consonants, 12 vowels and 10 Nepali digits. Among them, this paper uses the 36 consonants and 10 Nepali digits for the recognition using machine learning based algorithm mainly: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and several architectures of neural networks. In this paper, different kernel tricks of SVM with different regularization parameters has been used to train model and has compared their accuracy and F1-score. In KNN, accuracy and F1-score are compared with different values of K and distance matric. In Neural Networks, training accuracy, training loss, validation accuracy, and validation loss are compared with different number of hidden layers regularization parameters and learning rate. Different hyperparameter of random forest are changed and compared to their corresponding result. This paper uses the Kaggle dataset of school students’ Nepali handwritten characters. The dataset is CSV format with 78,200 rows for forty-six different classes with 1024 (32*32 image size) columns plus one column for label of characters for training and 13,800 rows for testing. For handwritten Nepali Barnamala recognition, the best average accuracy is 93.51% of neural networks with four hidden layers.
Assessment of Public Transport Route: A Case of Lalitpur Yatayat
Authors: Koirala Srijana , Agrawal Sneha
Published: May 2022

Lalitpur Yatayat, a public route from Patan Dhoka to Sukedhara round trip, is chosen for the study as previous study has not been made on the public transportation on this route. The objective of this paper is to analyse the route characterstics, identify problems and put proposals for future improvements. It discusses the various key characteristics of the route such as travel time in weekdays and weekend, hour span of service, no. of trips in a day, headway time and the major wards that it serves.The methodology and approaches followed for the execution of this work includes etic observation in site along with collection of relevant documents and conduct literature review of public tr. The main methodology followed in the site was in depth interview with the riders. Bilateral interactions, visual assessment and questionnaires were also some of the tools used. Moreover, the related articles, journals, reports acquired from the different sources, including internet and lecture reference are briefly reviewed.This report also highlights the current scenario and provision of bus stops in the route and propose assitional bus stops in the route.
Finite element analysis of Epoxy/E-Glass composite material based mono leaf spring for light weight vehicle
Authors: Bhandari Anil Mani , Neupane Sudan , Adhikari Ushan , Risal Sunil
Published: May 2022

A great deal of work is put into decreasing the fuel consumption of automotive vehicles, which may be accomplished by reducing the bulk of the vehicles. One component that may be explored is the leaf spring, which is extensively utilized in many sorts of cars, including electric ones. For the leaf spring, four distinct materials are considered: standard steel, Epoxy/E-Glass UD composite, Epoxy/E-Glass Wet composite, and Epoxy/S-Glass UD composite. The FEA study executed with the help of the ANSYS finite element code. Firstly, the 3-D model of the leaf spring with different thickness varying from 15mm to 65mm is designed using SolidWorks software which is then imported to the ANSYS software for the static analysis. Along with this, the finite element analysis under full load on 3-D composite multi leaf spring model is executed using ANSYS 2020 R1 by taking three different materials and then the result for the different static behaviour of the leaf spring are compared for all the materials assigned. In this paper we describe design and analysis of composite leaf spring. The leaf spring model used for this purpose is a rear leaf spring used in MAHINDRA “MODEL-COMMANDER 650 DI”. When compared to traditional steel, the mass of hybrid composite material is 62% lower. Hybrid composite materials have 36% lower equivalent (Von-Mises) stress than steel. Utlimately, the hybrid composite material may be employed as a leaf spring, decreasing the total weight of automobiles.
Anti-War Messages in the Songs of John Lennon
Authors: Dahal Arvind
Published: May 2022

This study endeavors to explore Lennon’s songs as an expression of rage and rebellion of the common Americans against the bitter realities of the contemporary American war politics of the 1960s and 70s and of the prevailing socio-economic and cultural injustices. It illumines a reality that alternative cultures like drugs, alcohol, homosexuality, nomadism and mystic vision, perceived reprehensible by the contemporary mainstream culture, were in fact manufactured out of harsh American socio-political context. By projecting the painful experiences of the victims during the time of war, the research engages with the extraction of themes like terror of the nuclear arms race and poverty, racism, prison and war, buried in Lennon’s compositions and thereby revealing Lennon’s association with such subcultures to counter and to subvert the mundane, the rationality and material hunger of the mainstream culture in the then America.
Seeking the Subaltern Consciousness in Nepali Cinema
Authors: Shrestha Tara Lal , Shrestha Bidhya , Senehang Dipankar , Timsina Bibechana Sharma , B.K. Pradeep
Published: May 2022

This article overviews the resistance of the subaltern and the ongoing debate on seeking the subaltern consciousness within and outside the elitist structure. The first part of this article exposes the notion of subaltern and subaltern resistance consciousness concerning the development of the Nepali film industry. The second part discusses different dimensions of resistance of the subaltern in shifting politico-cultural contexts. It also unfolds the structure of representation of the subaltern transformed within transitions which are observed more vehemently through the different politico-cultural scenarios of filmmaking, particularly before and after the Maoist insurgency. The last part analyses the aspects or efforts of the self-formation of the subaltern in terms of- along with class- caste, ethnicity and gender with references to representative Nepali movies, i.e. Numafung, Batomuniko Phool and Uma flash hope within hopelessness.
Profile of editors and contributors
Authors: Jha Gyaneshwar
Published: May 2022

Profile of editors and contributors
Psychosoma of Disabilities as Reflected in Professor Prem Singh’s Short Stories
Authors: Yadav Mahabir Prasad
Published: May 2022

Disability is perennial international phenomenon which has been existing on the continuum of the world literature, education and society for over ages be it since the days of Homer and Tiresias in Greece, Milton, Pope and Byron in England, Louis Braille in France or Ashtavakra, Dirghatamas, Soordas, saint Virjanand and saint Gangeshwaranand in India. History and perspectives reveal that right since the days of antiquity to the postmodern and contemporary times of fourth world literature and society, disability community has been combating the odds for sustenance and self-esteem.
Result of Percutaneous Release of Trigger Thumb: A Prospective Study
Authors: Onta Pratyenta Raj , Thapa Pabin , Thapa Upendra Jung , Sapkota Krishna , Ranjeet Niraj
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Trigger thumb is a common disorder characterized by pain, snapping, and locking of fingers. It usually affects the ring and thumb finger. The treatment of trigger thumb varies according to the grade of triggering. Open surgical release of A1 pulley in trigger thumb is a widely accepted treatment method having its complications like scar mark, pain at the incision site, joint stiffness, and digital nerve injuries. The percutaneous release does have good results in recent studies. It is an easy daycare procedure with low complications.
Methods: This study includes 28 patients with trigger thumbs who underwent percutaneous release. Patients were followed up for 6 months duration.
Results: There were 30 patients included in the study, only 2 patients required open release so we had an overall 93.33% success rate of percutaneous release. There was no clinical evidence of complications and nerve injury.
Conclusion: The percutaneous release is a safe and effective outpatient procedure in patients with trigger thumbs.
Clinical Comparison of Topcon CT-80 Non-contact Tonometer with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer in Nepalese Population
Authors: Shrestha Shristi , Kaini Khemraj
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) is the gold standard method of measuring the intraocular pressure (IOP) but, it is subjected to intra and inter-reading variability, risk of cross-infection, and possible damage to the cornea. A non-contact tonometer (NCT) reduces the risk of cross-infection, is not operator dependent, and can be used in post-refractive surgery patients. Therefore, the study aims to correlate the IOP readings obtained by non-contact tonometer and GAT.

 Methods: A hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. One hundred and twenty cases were recruited in the study from June 2019 to May 2020. The IOP was taken from NCT followed by GAT.

 Results: Mean IOP was 17.03±5.14 mmHg for GAT and 16.49 mmHg±5.35 mmHg for NCT and this difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.2). The difference in the mean value increased with higher intraocular pressure which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The NCT underestimated the IOP in lower intraocular pressures whereas it overestimated the IOP in higher intraocular pressures which were statistically significant (p<0.00). The overall mean ± SD difference between GAT and NCT measured IOPs was 0.53±2.07 mmHg. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that 95% limits of agreement (LoA) ranged from -3.53 to 4.60 mmHg. Correlation analysis showed a high correlation between NCT and GAT (r=0.92).

 Conclusion: NCT compared favorably with GAT but it tends to yield lower IOP readings within the normal range and higher IOP readings at a higher range.  NCT can be used as a fair tool for screening purposes.
Pitfalls in breast ultrasound
Authors: Joshi Birendra Raj
Published: May 2022

The pitfalls associated with breast sonography are important to recognize because these may prompt biopsy of a benign lesion or result in failure to recognize a breast cancer.. The important categories of pitfalls are anatomical, technical and professional. The true cause of pseudo lesions is more evident at real time imaging. Appropriate machine setting, knowledge of breast anatomy and scanning in two planes is essential.
Castleman Disease: A case report
Authors: Jha Sujit Kumar , Jha Anamika , Regmi Dosti , Bhatta Uma , Jha Goody
Published: May 2022

Castleman disease (CD) is a group of lymphoproliferative disorders with common lymph node histological features. It may be either unicentric or multicentric. Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is localized and carries an excellent prognosis, whereas multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a systemic disease occurring most commonly in the setting of HIV infection and is associated with human herpesvirus 8.1Castleman disease in the abdomen and pelvis is rare and liable to misdiagnosis, but its characteristic imaging features can help in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.2Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is rare, and there are no reliable estimates of its incidence in the population. While UCD can occur at any age, it is generally a disease of younger adults. The median age at presentation is approximately 35 years.3, 4
Beyond Radiology Training
Authors: Joshi Birendra Raj
Published: May 2022

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Assessment of Normal Liver Size among Adults by Ultrasonography in Kathmandu Medical College
Authors: Shrestha Elina , Thapa Narayan Bikram , Tayal Ashok
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ultrasonography is cheap, non-invasive, reliable, fast method of diagnostic investigation in the measurement of liver size. Normal range of liver size helps to diagnose hepatomegaly sonologically which may be clinically inapparent. Thus warrants further clinical evaluation and other investigations for the prevention of major hepatic comorbidities.
Methods:  A  prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adults with sonographic findings unrelated to liver pathologies. The liver was measured in right midclavicular line from hepatic dome to lower hepatic margin.  The correlation between liver size and age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area(BSA) was calculated.  The data were properly analyzed in  SPSS version 20 software.
Results: Out of 400 patients, a male: female ratio of 1:1.25, and the age group was ranging from 20 years to 83 years with a mean age of 48.10±14.86 years were included. The mean liver length in males was  15.05 ± 0.27 cms,  females were 14.32 ± 0.29 cms and the total population was 14.73 ±0.46 cms. There was a strong statistically significant correlation between liver size and height, weight whereas the correlation between liver span and BSA was moderate to weak but significant.  Similarly, there was a weak but significant correlation between liver size and BMI with no significant association between liver size and age.
Conclusion:  Accurate assessment of liver size is of utmost importance in the evaluation of suspected hepatic pathologies.
Artificial Intelligence and Radiology
Authors: Ghimire Prasanna
Published: May 2022

N/A
Electrochemical Characterization of Electrodeposited Ni-titanium Dioxide Deposits on Copper and their Corrosion Study
Authors: BERARMA Khadidja , RAGHDI Amina , BENAICHE Ghania
Published: May 2022

This work aimed to produce and characterize composite coatings of nickel incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles on a copper substrate. These deposits were obtained from watts bath. In the study, the cyclic voltammetry technique was employed to provide a better understanding of the cathodic behavior of nickel deposition. The effects of the potential scanning rate and the effect of cathodic limits on cyclic voltammograms deposition of Ni in Primitive Watts Bath (BWP) were determined. The composite coatings of nickel incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using various electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. The current density values for the Ni-TiO2 in the case of 5 g/L and 10 g/L of TiO2 determined from the polarization curves recorded in 3.5% NaCl indicate that the corrosion process on nickel incorporating the TiO2 nanoparticle composite surface is slower than on pure nickel. The TiO2 particles embedded in the electroplated nickel, increase the polarization resistance and decrease the corrosion rates as compared with electrodeposited pure nickel. Electrochemical impedance spectra obtained at the open-circuit potential ( OCP) in 3.5% NaCl showed an increase of polarization resistance with time in all cases.
Simulation of Stage-structured population growth of Myzus persicae (Suzler) (Hemiptera: Aphididade) based on age-stage, two sex life table
Authors: Baral Sabitri , Thapa Resham Bahadur , Jha Ratna Kumar , Joshi Samudra Lal , Aryal Sunil
Published: May 2022

The age-stage specific growth rate and fecundity of Myzus persicae obtained from an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis were used to simulate the growth of stage-structured population under two scenario of initial population structure for five temperature regimes. The first scenario was started with a newly born nymph and the second scenario was started with the youngest female. In both scenario, the population growth increased with shorter life cycle in the respective order: 17°C < 20°C < 23°C < 26°C < 29°C. In this study, computer simulation based on the agestage, two sex life table demonstrate it’s advantages for revealing stage-structured population growth. Information on the growth of a stage-structured population is critical for deciding the timing of intervention in integrated pest management approach.
Sectoral Resilience of Enterprises in Eastern Nepal Amid Covid-19 with Reference to Young Entrepreneurs
Authors: Rai Arjun , Rai Chandra Kumar
Published: May 2022

This investigation compared the negative effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on different business sectors run by young entrepreneurs from eastern Nepal. The population in this study comprised all the young entrepreneurs of eastern Nepal. A standardized instrument was used to collect primary data from 204 young entrepreneurs. An independent sample t-test and Analysis of Variance were used as statistical tools to compare the negative impact of Covid-19 on different sectors of business. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), version 25. The results of the study revealed that different sectors of businesses were negatively and significantly affected by Covid-19. The grocery business was the least negatively affected business amongst the seven sectors included in this study.