bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selected Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke, CORESTA Collaborative Study and Recommended Method *
Authors: Tayyarah Rana , Knepper Douglas , Hauleithner Alexander
Published: April 2023

A collaborative study among 20 participating laboratories was conducted in an effort to publish a recommended method for determination of phenols in mainstream cigarette smoke. The study was conducted using 10 test samples including reference cigarettes and commercial products from various regions (ISO 3308 total particulate matter 1–16 mg/cig) smoked under two regimes (ISO 3308 and ISO 20778). Health Canada method T-114 was chosen as a basis for the analytical methodology and therefore mainstream cigarette smoke was trapped on 44-mm glass fiber filter pads which were subsequently extracted with 1% aqueous acetic acid for analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Statistical analysis was carried out following ISO 5725 to generate repeatability (r) and reproducibility (R) data for results from linear and rotary smoking. For reproducibility (R) expressed as a percentage of mean yield across all of the studied products and both smoking regimes, values ranged from 17–150%. The lowest “tar” yielding products had the most variable data. Results trended as expected for total particulate matter, blend type, regime, and relative analyte yields. Results supporting a robust method for hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol are reported herein and support establishment of CRM 78, ISO 23904 and ISO 23905 standardized methods. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 18–25]
Two Techniques for the Analysis of WS-3 With Potential Application to the Analysis of Other Cooling Agents *
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. , Bussey Robert O.
Published: April 2023

WS-3 (N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide) is a compound used as a cooling agent for tobacco or nicotine products. Three other similar compounds WS-23 (N,2,3-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylbutanamide), Evercool 180 (N-p-benzene-acetonitrile menthanecarboxamide), and Evercool 190 (N-(2-pyridine-2-yl)ethyl-3-p-menthancarboxamide) also have cooling properties and can be used as tobacco additives. A few previously reported methods for WS-3 analysis were rather complex, and the goal of present work was to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate procedure for simultaneous analysis of WS-3 and of the other three cooling compounds. For this purpose, a LC/MS procedure has been developed that requires 6-min runs. The method was calibrated to analyze solutions containing each analyte in the range of concentrations between 48.8 ng/mL to 12.5 µg/mL. The procedure is selective and shows excellent precision with typical RSD lower than 3%. In parallel to the LC/MS method, a GC/MS procedure was also developed mainly with the goal of having a proof of the accuracy for both methods. This GC separation requires 20-min runs. The GC/MS technique was calibrated to analyze solutions containing each analyte in the range of concentrations between 1.56 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for WS-23 and WS-3, from 6.25 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for Evercool 180, and from 3.13 µg/mL to 125 µg/mL for Evercool 190. The sensitivity of the LC/MS method is significantly higher than the GC/MS one, and for the analysis of traces of cooling agents the LC/MS method is recommended. The LC/MS method was applied for the analysis of WS-3 in tobacco, cigarette smoke, flavor solutions, and in nicotine pouches. No samples containing the other cooling agents were available. [Contrib. Tob. Nicotine Res. 32 (2023) 26–33]
Market Reactions to Government Support Packages During the Pandemic in North Macedonia
Authors: Srbinoski Bojan , Meceski Stevco , Joldeska Irina
Published: April 2023

The Covid-19 crisis put pressure on governments to design immediate support packages for alleviating the negative economic consequences for households and businesses. In this paper, we examine the stock market’s reactions to the announcements of each of the four support packages designed by the Macedonian government during the pandemic year. We find that the magnitude, the target, and the extent of realisation of the support package mattered how investors reacted to the government interventions. The market positively reacted only around the second package which was mainly designed to support firms’ liquidity. Once the market consumed the information about the poor realisation of the devised packages, investors remained restrained and uncertain for the upcoming support package. Our findings have important policy implications by showing the differential response to the different types of support packages.
Post-Acquisition Management in Transitional Economies: Empirical Analysis of Acquired Company in Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Marković Dušan , Đurović Ana , Savović Slađana
Published: April 2023

Growing globalization has created a business environment that encourages companies to internationalize through international acquisitions. The growth in the number and value of international acquisitions in the previous period has increased the number of studies that analyze this phenomenon from different standpoints. Research has shown that the success rate of international acquisitions is relatively low. Poor management of post-acquisition changes, which is particularly complex in transition economies, is cited as the main obstacle in creating value after acquisitions. The aim of the paper is to investigate the factors that contribute to the successful management of post-acquisition changes. The research is based on the case study of the acquisition of Montenegro Telekom by Deutsche Telekom. Data is obtained through employee surveys and interviews with expatriates engaged in acquisitions in transition economies. The research shows that successful management of post-acquisition changes requires change of the corporate culture in the short term and active knowledge transfer support from the parent to the target. Changes in corporate culture aim to encourage innovation among employees and willingness to accept a new business model and process. At the same time, knowledge transfer occurs through intensive employee training on the domestic market, abroad and through online courses and hiring expatriate managers. It turns out that these two processes are complementary and must be implemented simultaneously.
Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow’s milk in Poland
Authors: Pietruszka Katarzyna , Panasiuk Łukasz , Jedziniak Piotr
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are structurally related compounds produced by Fusarium species. They occur as contaminants in cereals, such as wheat, barley and maize. They are called “emerging mycotoxins”, because they have been reported in feed and food and their toxic effects are not fully known. Data on their levels in food (especially in milk) are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ENNs and BEA in milk.

Material and Methods

A total of 103 bovine milk samples (76 of raw milk and 27 of UHT milk) were collected from different parts of Poland and analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results

Among the 76 raw milk samples, 31 (41%) and 15 (20%) samples were contaminated with ENN B and with BEA, respectively. No contamination with other enniatins was found. The highest concentration of BEA was found in raw milk and was 6.17 μg kg–1. Out of the 27 samples of UHT milk, 16 (59%) were contaminated with ENN B at concentrations ranging from 0.157 μg kg–1 to 0.587 μg kg–1 (limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.098 μg kg–1). Beauvericin was detected in 9 UHT milk samples (33%) at concentrations ranging from 0.101 μg kg–1 to 1.934 μg kg–1 (LOQ 0.095 μg kg–1).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated constant but low milk contamination in Poland with ENN B and BEA. The analysis of milk samples revealed that the emerging mycotoxins ENN B and BEA were measured in trace amounts. It does not suggest any immediate risk to milk consumers; however, it is unknown whether long-term exposure to low levels of toxins may be harmful.
Smoke Stratification in a Mine Drift with Multiple Objects Downstream
Authors: Hansen Rickard
Published: April 2023

The smoke behaviour and smoke stratification of a fire in a mine drift will be one of the decisive factors affecting the risk to mining personnel during a fire. This paper studies the smoke stratification in a mine drift with multiple objects downstream of the fire, at varying distances and number of objects. Data for the study was provided from earlier model-scale fire experiments and CFD modelling was performed for in-depth analysis of specific phenomena. It was found that at considerable downstream distances from the fire, the smoke stratification differences were significant, reflecting the high impact of multiple objects. With an increasing distance between the objects downstream, an increased degree of mixing and decreased stratification occurred. With an increasing distance between the burning object and the second object, the smoke layer will descend further before encountering the object and the smoke stratification on the upstream side of the second object will decrease. The increased mixing of the hot gases flowing from the burning object will have a more significant effect on the overall stratification due to the higher temperatures. An increasing number of objects downstream will not by itself lead to increased stratification, with shorter distances between the objects and an increasing number of objects, the smoke stratification may instead be retained for a longer distance. An increasing flow velocity will result in decreasing stratification found foremost downstream of the burning object, as the tilt of the plume will increase and interact increasingly with the second object.
Periodontal Disease: Correlation with Histological and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Kujundzic Bojan , Andjelkovic Zlatibor , Maric Radmila , Lukic Ruzica , Maric Veljko , Maric Helena , Obrenovic Miroslav , Kojic Sinisa
Published: April 2023

Periodontal disease is inflammatory pathological conditions in the gingiva and dental support structures that usually results in extracellular matrix and connective tissue destruction. During periodontitis, inflammatory cells facilitate collagen and connective tissue loss, affects the number and activity of fibroblasts and its production of local collagen networks. Aim of this study was to evaluate collagen density and accumulation of collagen producing fibroblast and macrophages in affected tissue of periodontal disease. Histological and immunohistochemical analyzes were performed on paraffin embedded tissue sections of gingival biopsies, obtained from 30 patients with diagnosis of periodontal disease and 10 healthy donors. Tissue sections of gingival of patients with periodontal disease had significantly decreased collagen volume density and visible fragmentation and lysis of the collagen fibers, decreased number of fibroblasts, accompanied with increased accumulation of macrophages. Presented data implicate that macrophages accumulation may be the cause of enzyme mediated collagen destruction
Issues in Designing of Mechanical Parts Models in CAD Programs
Authors: Grygorcewicz Paweł , Raczko Konrad
Published: April 2023

The article describes methods of creating mechanical parts in 3D programs, together with presenting very significant issues that emerge during the designing process employed in this creation, the main goal being to show the most important factors playing a role in the design process. Resultantly, it is ascertained that the most important factors needing to be considered by a designer are, inter alia, mass of the parts, strength, and kind of material. The article indicates the different types of parts used in different load cases, the objective being to explain various aspects relevant to design. The parts were different in particular in their nature of work and purpose. The article also presents illustrations after finite element method (FEM) analysis. It was important and interesting to observe how the stress in the tested parts was distributed under load and how the structure changed when the used material changed. The stress had a very large influence for the design of every airplane part; a case in point would be the illustration available from the lever example. The main role of this article is to describe different designing factors that could help a specialist create new designs in the future.
Proses simulasi- simulakra-hiperealitas dalam majelis taklim jn Surabaya
Authors: Srinarwati Dwi Retnani
Published: April 2023

The Taklim Council carries out a series of activities that are believed to be a way to emigrate, change, and transform in order to improve themselves by getting closer to the Creator. By attending one of the recitations at the JN Surabaya Taklim Council, the congregation also participated in the transformation. The purpose of this study was to determine the simulacra-simulation-hypereality process in the JN Surabaya Taklim Council. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that describes the process that researchers use to interpret the activities of the JN Surabaya Taklim Council and see the activities (events) from various angles. The results of this study indicate that the process of simulating the JN Surabaya Taklim Council has produced a new meaning for the congregation towards the Taklim Council itself, namely the meaning of Real value and Exit Value.
Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Adopsi Inovasi Aplikasi Gramedia Digital
Authors: Ratnaningsih Wa Ode Wulan , Murwani Endah , Berto Agustinus Rusdianto
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine how the process of consumers adopting Gramedia Digital application innovations and consumer behavior in making decisions about these innovations.
The research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were 10 consumers of Gramedia Digital application users who were interviewed in depth. The results of the interview will be examined through the concept of diffusion and adoption of innovation as well as a consumer decision-making model which includes three stages, the input, process, and output stages. The results obtained consumers decide to use Gramedia Digital innovation based on five stages, awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption. The decision-making stage, the innovation adoption stage is carried out by consumers, namely accepting and using Gramedia Digital innovation products because they provide satisfaction to consumers. Consumers do not feel any cognitive dissonance after purchase, instead they make repeat purchases. Satisfied customers will make e-WoM, repeat purchases, and recommend innovative products, both digital books sold by Gramedia Digital and Gramedia Digital applications.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses konsumen mengadopsi inovasi aplikasi Gramedia Digital serta perilaku konsumen dalam pengambilan keputusan terhadap inovasi tersebut.
Penelitian bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 10 konsumen pengguna aplikasi Gramedia Digital yang diwawancara secara mendalam. Hasil wawancara akan diteliti melalui konsep difusi dan adopsi inovasi serta model pengambilan keputusan konsumen yang meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu, tahap masukkan (input), proses, dan keluaran (output). Hasil yang didapat Konsumen memutuskan untuk menggunakan inovasi Gramedia Digital berdasarkan pada lima tahapan, yaitu awareness, interest, evaluasi, trial, dan adopsi. Tahap pengambilan keputusan, tahap adopsi inovasi dilakukan konsumen, yaitu menerima dan menggunakan produk inovasi Gramedia Digital karena memberikan kepuasan pada konsumen. Konsumen tidak merasakan adanya disonansi kognitif setelah pembelian justru melakukan pembelian ulang. Pelanggan yang puas akan melakukan e-WoM, pembelian berulang, dan merekomendasikan produk inovasi baik buku digital yang dijual Gramedia Digital maupun aplikasi Gramedia Digital.
Public relations' disruption model on chatgpt issue
Authors: Kertati Indra , Sanchez Carlos Y.T. , Basri Muhammad , Husain Muhammad Najib , Winoto Tj Hery
Published: April 2023

With the rising of AI technology, a new disruption occurred in society. Disruption can actually be a social phenomenon that exists even in Indonesian society. However, the current state is making the disruption become a commercial interest. A bold example is Tesla's AI Bot named Optimus in the @TeslaAIBot account and a new GPT used for Twitter commentaries called @ReplyGPT. Content Analysis was the methodology for this research, with crawling data related to ChatGPT from Twitter from December 2022-January 2023. Both served as the bridge between humans and AI, and both pushed awareness that there are other creatures than humans. The sequential explanatory design method will discover a new perspective of GPT as advanced technology. People realise that the closest thing that could change human civilisation is language models.
Unusual case of mononeuropathy in child: Intraneural perineurioma of sciatic nerve
Authors: Taori Abhijeet , Malpani Divya
Published: April 2023

Intraneural perineurioma is a benign nerve sheath tumor of the perineurium characterized by focal perineural cell proliferation. It is primarily seen in young adults. Early childhood presentation is uncommon. We present this interesting case in a child with overall clinical assessment, nerve conduction tests, and magnetic resonance findings in keeping with intraneural perineurioma of the sciatic nerve. It is essential to recognize this potentially treatable disease entity in the early childhood and exclude other causes of nerve palsy.
Unijne programy edukacyjne dostępne dla polskich studentów
Authors: Ślusarczyk Zenon
Published: April 2023

Unia Europejska, uznając suwerenność państw członkowskich w zakresie systemów edukacji szkolnej, opracowała szereg programów wspólnych mających na celu systematyczne podnoszenie wiedzy ludzi i ich kwalifikacji. Do programów tych zalicza się czołowy program „Uczenie się przez całe życie” i jego konkretyzacje w postaci programów: Comenius, Erasmus, Leonardo da Vinci i Grundtvig. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka polityki młodzieżowej w UE i prezentacja wybranych programów edukacyjnych dostępnych dla polskich studentów. W podsumowaniu wskazano na potrzebę i przydatność gromadzenia oraz systematyzowania wiedzy na temat programów edukacyjnych. Narzędziem badawczym zastosowanym w artykule był przegląd literatury naukowej i informacji ze stron internetowych.
Procesy innowacyjne w nowej koncepcji organizacji społeczeństwa
Authors: Cheda Jacek
Published: April 2023

Celem artykułu jest próba znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czym powodowana jest inicjacja procesu innowacyjnego w nowoczesnej koncepcji organizacji społeczeństwa. Jest to interesujące ze względu na szeroki wachlarz procesów zmian, które oddziałują na wszelkie sfery życia społecznego. Po zapoznaniu się z definicjami innowacyjności – których jest ogromna liczba – można sformułować twierdzenie, że jest to przejawianie zdolności do generowania i implementacji innowacji. Z procesami innowacyjnymi mamy do czynienia w prawie wszystkich typach społeczeństw, co więcej, są one istotnym czynnikiem ich rozwoju, nie zawsze pożądanym. Aby zapobiec niekorzystnemu wpływowi innowacji na życie społeczne, w tym także polityczne, należy dążyć do budowy społeczeństwa otwartego. Przedsiębiorstwa, by efektywnie działać w realiach ulegającej ciągłym zmianom gospodarki, potrzebują katalizatora, za który uznaje się innowacje. To one generują potencjał konkurencyjności i budowy przewagi. Mówiąc o procesie innowacyjnym, należy zauważyć, że sprowadza się on do obszaru polityki gospodarczej, która jest obecnie ważnym instrumentem wykorzystywanym w polityce. Ma zatem istotny wpływ na sferę społeczną, wchodząc tym samym w przestrzeń innowacji społecznych. Powód i czas rozpoczęcia procesu innowacyjnego w nowoczesnej koncepcji organizacji społeczeństwa każdorazowo odnosić się będzie do oddzielnego obszaru badawczego i nie jest możliwe ich konkretne określenie. Części składowe są zaś dyskusyjne, niejednorodne i jednostkowo zmienne.
Oprogramowania wspomagające innowacyjne przedsiębiorstwo
Authors: Nowakowska Paulina
Published: April 2023

W dzisiejszych czasach wiele przedsiębiorstw operuje programami komputerowymi. Oprogramowania idealne dla przedsiębiorstw powinny pozwalać między innymi na przechowywanie i zapis dużych danych, liczenie i symulowanie pewnych sytuacji firmowych, wspomaganie produkcji czy kompleksowy kontakt z klientami. Wprowadzenie informatyzacji do przedsiębiorstwa sprawia, że staje się ono innowacyjne i nowoczesne na rynku. Zastosowanie technologii informatycznych wspomaga modernizację procesów zachodzących w firmie, zaczynając od podstaw, jakimi są: zarządzanie, organizacja, zabezpieczenie i zapis danych, po bardziej złożone czynności związane z daną branżą, w jakiej działa przedsiębiorstwo. Publikacja ta przedstawia analizę nowoczesnych oprogramowań i możliwości, jakie oferują one innowacyjnym przedsiębiorstwom, oraz merytoryczne podejście do doboru odpowiednich programów dla firmy wraz z wdrożeniem informatyzacji.
Rower elektryczny w systemie mikromobilności
Authors: Janczewski Jerzy , Janczewska Danuta
Published: April 2023

Korzystanie z rowerów w celu przemieszczania się z jednego miejsca do drugiego staje się coraz popularniejsze. Poruszanie się nimi nie wymaga dużego wysiłku fizycznego, więc na dłuższych odcinkach podróży mogą być alternatywą dla rowerów konwencjonalnych. Z rowerów elektrycznych korzystają zarówno firmy, jak i osoby prywatne. Elektryczne wspomaganie roweru może być również rozwiązaniem transportowym dla osób z problemami zdrowotnymi. Rowery elektryczne mogą być postrzegane jako jeden ze sposobów na uzupełnienie luki w transporcie publicznym i ograniczenie kongestii w centrach miast. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja roweru elektrycznego i wskazanie jego miejsca w systemie mikromobilności. Omówiono systematykę e-rowerów, scharakteryzowano rynek i przytoczono kilka wybranych przykładów wykorzystania ich w transporcie osób i ładunków. W konkluzji postawiono hipotezę, że więcej e-rowerów na ulicach może prowadzić do mniejszej liczby samochodów w miastach. W pracy oparto się na publikacjach naukowych, a także na informacjach i opracowaniach praktyków z branży. Całość zwieńczono podsumowaniem.
叙事教学法对汉语第二语言学习者口语和写作产出的作用——以巴基斯坦汉语学习者为例
Authors: Nawaz Nimra
Published: April 2023

巴基斯坦的汉语教育正蓬勃发展，但叙事教学法对巴基斯坦汉语学习者影响的研究基本上尚未开展。因此，本文探索叙事教学法对巴基斯坦汉语学习者习得的影响效果，分析得出：第一，叙事教学法比普通教学法更能提高巴基斯坦中级班汉语学习者的口语能力和写作能力，且叙事教学法对口语能力的提高作用大于对写作能力的提高。第二，调查问卷结果表明，巴基斯坦中级班汉语学习者广泛接受并认为叙事教学法应该应用到语言教学课堂中，因为该教学方法使他们在课堂上更有兴趣去讲述、聆听和写作，也提升了自信心。第三，调查问卷结果表明，大多数学生和教师都喜欢使用个人成长、经历或情感有关的故事作为课堂练习，或进行叙事教学活动操练。
Highly reversible Ti/Sn oxide nanocomposite electrodes for lithium ion batteries obtained by oxidation of MAX Ti3AlxSn1-xC2 phases
Authors: Ostroman Irene , Ferrara Chiara , Stefano Marchionna , Gentile Antonio , Vallana Nicholas , Cheptiakov Denis , Lorenzi Roberto , Ruffo Riccardo
Published: April 2023

Among the materials for the negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries, oxides capable of reacting with Li+ via intercalation/conversion/alloying are extremely interesting due to their high specific capacities but suffer from poor mechanical stability. A new way to design nanocomposites based on the Ti/SnOx system is the partial oxidation of the tin-containing MAX phase of Ti3Al(1-x)SnxO2 composition. Exploiting this strategy, we develop composite electrodes of Sn/TiOx and MAX phase capable of withstanding over 600 cycles in half cells with charge efficiencies higher than 99.5% and specific capacities comparable to those of graphite and higher than lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) electrodes. These unprecedented electrochemical performances are also demonstrated at full cell level in the presence of a low cobalt content layered oxide and explained through an accurate chemical, morphological and structural investigation which reveals the intimate contact between the MAX phase and the oxide particles. During the oxidation process, electroactive nanoparticles of TiO2 and Ti(1-y)SnyO2 nucleate on the surface of the unreacted MAX phase which therefore acts both as a conductive agent and as a buffer to preserve the mechanical integrity of the oxide during the lithiation and delithiation cycles.
Tandem InCl3-promoted hydroperoxide rearrangements and nucleophilic additions, a straightforward entry to benzoxacycles
Authors: Bosnidou Alexandra , Fayet Agathe , Cheibas Cristina , Gayraud Oscar , Bourcier Sophie , Frison Gilles , Nay Bastien
Published: April 2023

The acid-catalyzed rearrangement of organic peroxides is generally associated to C-C-bond cleavages (Hock and Criegee rearrangements), with the concommittent formation of an oxocarbenium intermediate. This article describes the tandem process between a Hock or Criegee oxidative cleavage and a nucleophilic addition onto the oxocarbenium species (in particular a Sakurai-Hosomi-type allylation), under InCl3 catalysis. It was applied to the synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxacycles (chromanes, benzoxepanes), including a synthesis of the 2-(aminomethyl)chromane part of sarizotan, and a total synthesis of erythrococcamide B.
Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a multifunctional agent in gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations and sequential transfor-mations
Authors: Tzouras Nikolaos , Zorba Leandros , Kaplanai Entzy , Tsoureas Nikolaos , Nelson David , Nolan Steven , Vougioukalakis Georgios
Published: April 2023

Despite the unique position of gold catalysis in contemporary organic synthesis, this area of research is notorious for requiring activators and/or additives that enable catalysis by generating cationic forms of gold catalysts. Cycloisomeriza-tion reactions occupy a significant portion of the gold-catalyzed reaction space, while they represent a diverse family of reactions which are frequently utilized in synthesis. Herein, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is shown to be a uniquely simple tool for gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations, rendering the use of external activators obsolete, and leading to high-ly active catalytic systems with ppm levels of catalyst loading in certain cases. HFIP assumes a dual role as solvent and activator, operating via the dynamic activation of the Au-Cl bond through hydrogen bonding, which initiates the catalytic cycle. This special mode of catalysis can enable efficient and scalable cyclization reactions of propargylamides and ynoic acids with simple [AuCl(L)] complexes. A thorough screening of ancillary ligands and counter anions has been per-formed, establishing this methodology as an alternative to elaborate ligand/catalyst design and to the use of activators. Additionally, this concept is applied in C-C bond forming cycloisomerization reactions leading to 2H-chromenes and to the design of catalytic systems for sequential or one-pot transformations leading to activated ketoesters, a functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor salt, and a compound bearing the bioactive indole core, among others. Im-portantly, through mechanistic investigations including a “snapshot” of the species of interest in the solid state, we were able to unambiguously detect the key H-bonding interaction between HFIP and the gold catalyst, shedding light on the intermolecular mode of activation that enables catalysis. In the cases examined herein, HFIP is not only an excellent sol-vent, but also a potent activator and a valuable synthetic handle when incorporated into functional groups of products.
Effects of phosphorylation on the activity, inhibition and stability of carbonic anhydrases
Authors: Huang Xiaojing , Winter Daniel , Glover Dominic , Supuran Claudiu , Donald William
Published: April 2023

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a metalloenzyme family that have important roles in cellular processes including pH homeostasis and have been implicated in multiple pathological conditions.1 Small molecule inhibitors have been developed to target carbonic anhydrases, but the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the activity and inhibition profiles of these enzymes remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of phosphorylation, the most prevalent carbonic anhydrase PTM, on the activities and drug-binding affinities of human CA1 and CA2, two heavily modified active isozymes. Using serine to glutamic acid (S>E) mutations to mimic the effect of phosphorylation, we demonstrate that phosphomimics at a single site can significantly increase or decrease the catalytic efficiencies of CAs, depending on both the position of the modification and CA isoform. We also show that the S>E mutation at Ser50 of hCA2 decreases the binding affinities of hCA2 with well-characterized sulphonamide inhibitors including by over 800-fold for acetazolamide. Our findings suggest that CA phosphorylation may serve as a regulatory mechanism for enzymatic activity, and affect the binding affinity and specificity of small, drug and drug-like molecules. This work should motivate future studies examining the PTM-modification forms of CAs and their distributions, which should provide insights into CA physiopathological functions and facilitate the development of ‘modform-specific’ carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Gram-Scale Synthesis of Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using AJICAP Second-Generation Technology
Authors: Watanabe Tomohiro , Fujii Tomohiro , Stofleth Jason , Takasugi Rika , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Matsuda Yutaka
Published: April 2023

Chemical site-specific conjugation technology utilizing immunoglobulin-G (IgG) Fc-affinity reagents is a versatile and promising tool for producing next-generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Our research group recently reported a novel Fc-affinity peptide-mediated conjugation method, termed AJICAP second-generation. This technology, based on thioester chemistry, produces site-specific ADCs without aggregation. Herein, we report further investigations into the AJICAP second-generation technology. By varying the parameters of the peptide conjugation step, it was found that this reaction is feasible under a wide range of reaction conditions. All synthetic intermediates of the AJICAP-ADCs were sufficiently stable, indicating that each synthetic step is a possible holding point in ADC manufacturing. The Lys248- and Lys288-conjugated ADCs were prepared on a gram-scale using two different Fc-affinity peptide reagents, employing a scale-down manufacturing approach involving tangential flow filtration (TFF). The total product yield was > 80%, and ultimately, 13.2 g of trastuzumab-Lys248-MMAE and 1.26 g of trastuzumab-Lys288-MMAE were obtained with high drug to antibody ratios (DARs). The results strongly indicate that the AJICAP second-generation method is a robust and practical approach for the manufacture of ADCs.
Classification of Geosystems: Axiomatic Approach
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Cherkashin A. K.
Published: April 2023

Using the experience of solving classification problems in quantum mechanics and biology, the basic principles (axioms) that the natural classification of geosystems should satisfy are formulated. The science resolutes research problems from three independent positions: describing phenomena, highlighting fundamental laws and classifying objects. Classification is the relation structure of various types of objects (taxa), usually in the form of a graph. Geography classifies not territorial objects, but varieties of the environment (geomers) in which these objects manifest themselves to varying degrees. The classification theory is an intertheory that describes processes and phenomena in nature and society in a through way. Mathematical methods of feature space bundle, group theory and functional spaces are used to model the structure of typology and classification. The intertheory is created on the general theory of systems at various levels of formalization: from systems of quantum numbers, eigenvalues and variables to systems of geoinformation functions, probability estimation functionals, function transformation operators for describing states (taxonomic positions) and their quantum transitions. At the lower level of quantization, the axiomatization scheme assumes the existence of a universal facet space of series of integers of the classification code, restrictions on the length of the series and rules for changing the numbers of the code during quantum transitions. Triangular classification structures satisfying these requirements were identified at the systematics of the facies of the southern taiga of the Lower Angara region.
Predicting ICO Prices Using Artificial Neural Network and Ridge Regression Algorithm
Authors: Trầhn Kim Toại  , Võ Thị Xuân Hạn  , Võ Min Huân
Published: April 2023

An Initial Coin Offering (ICO) is a method of raising funds for digital currency projects. Investors purchase these coins at a very low initial price before they are released. These coins are then listed on the trading platform, and their prices may increase rapidly if the currency performs well. After six months of release, ICO evaluation is the expected time for investors to profit. A dataset consisting of 109 ICOs was constructed from reputable websites after data preprocessing. Correlation analysis of 12 inputs revealed issues of multicollinearity, leading to biased regression model results. Overfitting occurred when using the regression model. To address these limitations, the Ridge regression method resolved the issues with the ICO data. An artificial neural network model addressed the complex nonlinear relationships between inputs and ICO prices. By adjusting parameters to achieve the best performance according to the Root Mean Square Error, R-squares, and Mean Absolute Error metrics, the results showed that the Ridge regression algorithm with a test set of three ICOs achieved accuracy ranging from 63% to 92% of ICO prices, while the artificial neural network model predicted with 98% accuracy depending on the metric used.
POLAND TOWARDS THE WAR AND INDEPENDENCE IN KOSOVO
Authors: Mokretska Maryna
Published: April 2023

Poland as a member country of the Group has strong economic and military potential in foreign policy and tries to respect the jointly agreed directions of action. Kosovo has become a challenge for Poland of particular importance, because the war starter a few days after country has joined NATO. The research includes analysis of the participation of Poland in the ending of the war in Kosovo, and military involvement through the participation of Polish soldiers in the UN, NATO and EU missions, the participation of Polish politicians in resolving the Kosovo conflict, as well as analysis of the response to the proclaiming of Kosovo's independence. The aim of this article is to develop an evidence-based comprehensive study of the Polish approach to the conflict in Kosovo by showing and analyzing the key features of the conflict as well as the main issues of Polish participation in it. The key pillar of the approaches is a sovereign state acting in accordance with its national interests and important roles played by individual state agencies as well as by non-state, non-governmental and social actors, but also international organizations.
PUTUSAN KONSTITUSIONAL DEMOKRATIS TERHADAP SENGKETA PEMILU SERENTAK MENURUT FIQIH SIYASAH
Authors: Purwadi Wira , Gunawan Edi , Susilo Devi Restiani , Manuhuwa Johana
Published: April 2023

Mahkamah Konstitusi merupakan lembaga peradilan yang mempunyai kewenangan untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan hasil pemilihan umum, Apabila undang-undang pemilu tidak di revisi maka 2024 akan di laksanakan pemilu serentak dan pilkada serentak.konsekwensinya Mahkamah Konstitusi harus siap untuk mengadili permohonan perselisihan hasil pemilihan umum, tujuan peneletian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Tantangan  MK dalam menghasilkan putusan konstitusional demokratis terhadap sengketa pemilu Serentak 2024 dan untuk menganalisis kewenangan MK dalam menghasilkan putusan konstitusional demokratis terhadap sengketa pemilu Serentak 2024 dalam perspektif fiqih siyasah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum,dalam perkembangan metode penelitian hukum penelitian hukum normatif dan penelitian hukum penelitian hukum empiris harus di combaign atau digunakan keduanya karena dengan menggabungkan kedua penelitian tersebut akan memberikan hasil penelitian yang komprehensif.hasil penelitian ini adalah Mahkamah  konstitusi sebagai lembaga peradilan yang mengadili PHPU akan menghadapi beberapa tantangan 1) kesiapan Lembaga MK dalam memberikan pelayanan optimal,2) Tekanan politik pemilu presiden yang begitu panas,3) masalah waktu dan kualitas putusan, singkat. Putusan MK harus benar-benar mencerminkan putusan yang adil seadil-adilnya dalam kerangka penerapan demokrasi konstitusional. Mahkamah konstitusi dalam perspektif fiqih siyasah,hakim dalam memberikan  Putusan  harus memberikan rasa adil bagi rakyat, semuanya hanya bisa terimplementasikan apabila hakim konstitusi memiliki sifat negarawan, mengutamakan keadilan substansif bukan menjadi corong undang-undang. Putusan Mahkamah konstitusi harus menjunjung tinggi nilai demokrasi yang kosntitusional berdasarkan keadilan atas nama tuhan yang maha esa
STATUS ANAK LUAR NIKAH DALAM KEWARISAN PASCA KELUARNYA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 46/PUU-VIII/2010
Authors: Figgar Muhammad Zul , Saidi Faisal
Published: April 2023

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata mengenai kedudukan anak luar kawin setelah keluarnya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/ PUU-VIII/ 2010. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa  Kompilasi Hukum Islam mengenai kedudukan anak luar kawin bahwa anak luar kawin berkedudukan sebagai orang lain dengan bapak biologisnya, sehingga ia tidak dapat saling mewarisi dan tidak dapat dihubungkan nasabnya dengan bapak biologisnya, karena hal ini maka Kompilasi Hukum Islam memiliki pandangan yang tidak selaras dengan putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Status Anak Luar Kawin karena penafsiran anak luar kawin dalam Kompilasi dan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut adalah berbeda. Sementara itu, pandangan hukum perdata tidaklah ada perubahan karena pengaturan anak luar kawin dalam putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 selaras dan sejalan dengan aturan yang terdapat dalam KUHPerdata bahwa anak luar kawin memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibu dan bapak maupun keluarga dari kedunya.

Kata kunci: Anak Luar Nikah, Hak Waris, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010
Kuraklığa Dayanıklı Anaçlara Aşılı Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Farklı Boğumlarından Alınan Kalemlerin Vejetatif Gelişimlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇELİK Tuba , ODABAŞIOĞLU Mehmet İlhan , GÜRSÖZ Sadettin
Published: April 2023

Bu araştırma, yarı kurak iklim koşullarında kuraklığa toleranslı anaçlar (110R ve 1103P) üzerine aşılı olarak yetiştirilen Red Globe, Barış, Hatun Parmağı, Horoz Karası üzüm çeşitlerinin farklı boğumlarından (göz) alınan odun kalemlerinin köklendirilmesiyle elde edilmiş bitkilerde vejetatif gelişimin incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bağda kullanılan anaçların, üzerlerine aşılanan çeşitlerden alınan kalemlere etkileri, çeşitlerin bu yönüyle birbirlerinden farklılıkları ve çoğaltmada kullanılmak üzere bağdan alınacak materyalin hangi boğum (göz) düzeyinden alınmasının daha uygun olacağı konularına açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırma bulguları; bağda kullanılan anaçların, bu anaçlara aşılı çeşitlerden alınıp çelikle çoğaltılan bitkilerin vejetatif gelişimi üzerinde etkilerinin sınırlı olduğunu ancak çeşitlerin ve göz düzeylerinin incelenen özellikler üzerinde mutlak bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel olarak Red Globe üzüm çeşidinin kalemlerinden elde edilen bitkilerin vejetatif gelişimleri, incelenen diğer üzüm çeşitlerininkilere göre daha iyi bulunmuştur. 1103P anacı canlı bitki oranını, 110R anacı ise kalemlerden elde edilen bitkilerde kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığını arttırması bakımından daha üstün bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte üzüm çeşitlerinden çoğaltma için alınacak kalemlerin çubukların 7. ile 12. göz düzeyleri ve bunlar arasında kalan diğer göz düzeylerini içerecek şekilde alınmasının daha uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Şanlıurfa Arıcılarının Göçer Arıcılık Tercihleri ve Arıcılık Faaliyetleri
Authors: ESEN İper , ÖZMEN ÖZBAKIR Gonca
Published: April 2023

Şanlıurfa ili göçer arıcılık faaliyetlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2020 yılında anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan 250 arıcının %54.4’ü ilkokul mezunu, arıcılığı tam zamanlı olarak yapanların oranı %88’dir. Arıcılıkta tecrübe süresi ortalama 18.98 yıldır. Arıcıların ortalama kovan sayısı 285 adet, bal üretimi 7475 kg, balmumu üretimi ise 83 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Arıcıların sahip olduğu kovan sayısına göre elde ettikleri bal verimleri arasında fark bulunmuştur (P0.05). Arıcıların arıcılık tecrübesine göre elde ettikleri koloni başına bal veriminin azaldığı belirlenmiştir (P
Performance Evaluation of Small Scale Air-Conditioning System Using R22 and Alternative Refrigerants
Authors: Al-Joudi Khalid Ahmed , Abd Al-Amir Qusay Rasheed
Published: April 2023

A mathematical model has been formulated to predict the influence of high outdoor air temperature on the performance of small scale air - conditioning system using R22 and alternative refrigerants R290, R407C, R410A. All refrigerants were investigated in the cooling mode operation. The mathematical model results have been validated with experimental data extracted from split type air conditioner of 2 TR capacity. This entailed the construction of an experimental test rig which consists of four main parts. They are, the refrigeration system, psychrometric test facility, measuring instrumentation, and auxiliary systems. The conditioned air was maintained at 25 0C dry bulb and 19 0C wet bulb for all tests. The outdoor ambient air temperature was varied from 35 0C to 55 0C in 5 0C increments. The study showed that R290 is the better replacement for R22 when the air conditioning system works under high ambient temperature. It has better performance as a drop in refrigerant. R407C has the closest performance to R22, followed by R410A.
A Developed Model for Selecting Optimum Locations of Water Harvesting Dams Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Al-Suhaili Rafa Hashim , Hassan Raghad Hadi
Published: April 2023

An integrated GIS-VBA (Geographical Information System – Visual Basic for Application), model is developed for selecting an optimum water harvesting dam location among an available locations in a watershed. The proposed model allows quick and precise estimation of an adopted weighted objective function for each selected location. In addition to that for each location, a different dam height is used as a nominee for optimum selection. The VBA model includes an optimization model with a weighted objective function that includes beneficiary items (positive) , such as the available storage , the dam height allowed by the site as an indicator for the potential of hydroelectric power generation , the rainfall rate as a source of water . In addition to that (negative) penalty items are also included such as surface area, evaporation rate.In order to obtain precise results, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was formulated and applied to correct the elevations of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map using real and DEM elevations of available selected control points.The application of the model is tested using a case study of a catchment area in Diyala and Wasit Governorate. The DEM file was corrected for elevations, using the developed ANN model .This model is found using SPSS – software. The correlation coefficient of this model is found to be (0.97) , with 3- hidden nodes and hyperbolic tangent and identity activation functions. Different weight scenarios for the objective function of the optimization model were adopted. The results indicate that different optimum dam locations can be observed for each case. Results indicate also that sometimes equal objective can be obtained but each has different reservoir volume and surface area.
Supervision to Support Reflective Practices
Authors: Miller Laura S.
Published: April 2023

There is immense pressure on school leaders to show evidence of continual school improvement. To drive these improvement efforts, there are essential considerations when planning for implementation, specifically the development of a system that supports reflective practices to increase teacher autonomy and improved student outcomes. The research presented in this article explores the attitudes and beliefs that teachers and administrators have for reflective practices through the supervisory actions of administrators in a rural Northern state. The findings from this study include, 1) the importance of a formal leadership role and the lens used when considering evaluative and non-evaluative feedback; 2) the use of reflective practices to drive changes to instructional practices; and, 3) the connection of reflective practices to school culture, professional development, and student engagement. These findings are important in that they are practical to schools and inform how the United States (US) education system might shift policies to support more formative practices that target instructional improvement.
“Defunding” Race in Field Supervision Contexts: Deconstructing and Responding to White Preservice Teachers’ Majoritarian Narratives
Authors: Oamek Kimberly
Published: April 2023

Teachers must robustly understand how race and racism operate both in and out of the classroom to structure inequity. However, the existence of a deeply entrenched majoritarian mindset remains a principal obstacle to preparing such teachers. In this empirical paper, the author draws on the critical race theory construct of “majoritarian storytelling” (Delgado, 1989) to make visible and examine the narratives told by white preservice teachers upon completion of their preparation programs. The author finds that white preservice teachers’ explanations for racially disparate school outcomes align closely with a majoritarian mindset and employ devices characteristic of longstanding majoritarian stories. After illuminating these devices, the author highlights opportunities for field supervisors to support white preservice teachers in recognizing the work that such narratives do to protect racial privilege and perpetuate educational inequities.
Morphology and phylogeny of Diderma aurantiacum (Myxomycetes) — a new species for Russia from the Far East
Authors: Gmoshinskiy V. I. , Novozhilov Yu. K. , Prikhodko I. S. , Bortnikov F. M. , Shchepin O. N. , Schnittler M.
Published: April 2023

Two specimens of a rare species Diderma aurantiacum collected in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve and the territory of the Land of the Leopard National Park (Primorye Territory, Russian Federation) were found during revision of the myxomycete collection of the Mycological herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). These specimens are the first records of this species outside the Japanese islands. Diderma aurantiacum is characterized by a thick cartilaginous peridium of dull orange color that breaks into petal-like fragments during dehiscence, a small hemispherical columella, weakly branched dark capillitial threads with pale tips, and warted spores with darker warts arranged in small groups. The color photographs of sporocarp structures and SEM images of spores and capillitium are published for the first time. The partial nucleotide sequences of nrSSU (18S rDNA) and EF1α genes of specimens from the Russian Far East differed clearly from these of other Diderma species.