bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student perspective on distance online learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic in undergraduate pharmacy program in UiTM: pharmacology of CNS drugs
Authors: Hazizul Hasan Mizaton , Jahidin Aisyah Hasyila , Zakaria Yuslina
Published: July 2023

The method of teaching and learning (T&L) has changed radically due to the COVID-19 pandemic, globally. Schools and universities had to adapt to a new T&L experience by moving into hybrid learning or fully electronic online mode. As for the third-year pharmacy students in UiTM, the Faculty of Pharmacy employed 100% online distance learning (ODL). Hence, this study aims to evaluate the third-year pharmacy student ODL experience during the COVID-19 pandemic on one of the core subjects, Pharmacology of Central Nervous System (CNS) Drugs. The online survey was distributed to students at the end of the semester. Multiple questions made up a score that reflects their perspective on the subject relevant to the ODL experience. The survey was voluntary, and all data were collected and recorded via google forms. The response rate was about 74% (n=186). The results’ analysis revealed some variable responses. The ODL experience poses many challenges not only to the students but lecturers alike. The burden of completing assignments and at the same time coping with the current situation of an unconducive environment at home with internet instability has pushed the students to almost a breaking point. Hence, a more structured plan needs to be implemented to ensure the students have the best for their academic development to pursue their professional careers without compromising their soft skills.
Open and distance learning for limited internet access in technology and engineering course
Authors: Rais Siti Sara , Md Enzai Nur Idawati , Husni Hasnorhafiza
Published: July 2023

The 2019 Coronavirus outbreak, or Covid-19 pandemic, has accelerated the deployment of internet technology across various sectors, including education. During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, internet platforms and access services were unsatisfactory, particularly in some areas of Malaysia. However, the internet’s platform providers are constantly improving their systems. Today (after two years of the outbreak), there are many reliable instruments available for teaching and learning (T&L). Among the initiatives taken by the Internet service providers (ISPs) are continuous expansion of their coverage area. However, this expansion takes time and huge amount of costs are involved. As a result, we took the idea of manipulating multi-featured Telegram as an alternative for students who do not have good access to the internet. We discuss the features available on Telegram in this article. We adapted the discussion on the application based on the mode of delivery, such as computation, description, activities, and others. Additionally, a survey was undertaken to elicit feedback on Open and Distance Learning (ODL)’s usage of Telegram in the T&L process. It has been demonstrated that the use of Telegram enables them to easily and rapidly acquire educational resources.
The effectiveness of gamification through classroom leaderboards for student engagement
Authors: Ab Ghani Haliza , Mohd Rathi Nor Azah , Abdul Kadir Zaemah , Abdul Halim Fauziah Saadah , Ahmad Buhari Turisiana
Published: July 2023

Universities, researchers and practitioners are looking for effective ways to engage, enhance, and promote students’ learning in the classroom. Gamification is the integration of game-like design elements into non-game context to motivate action, engage, and solve problems. This paper presents the effectiveness of gamification through leaderboards to improve student engagement in subjects for Company Website Design (EIC552) and Communication through Drama (EPE530) at Akademi Pengajian Bahasa, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Questionnaires were given to examine the effects of gamification on student learning and engagement. Results suggest that gamification through leaderboards are effective in improving student participation and encouraging extracurricular learning.
Potential of Indonesian Medicinal Plant Biodiversity as CHK1 Inhibitor Agent for Cancer Treatment by Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry
Authors: Austin Alfredo , Colyson Jacklyn Hermione , Rohmatulloh Fauzian Giansyah , Destriani Wanda , Rosyati Margaretha Maria
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is rich in flora diversity thanks to its biodiversity that has the potential as compounds that can be validated as candidate CHK1 inhibitor agents. The research was conducted in silico by performing molecular tethering using Autodock tools. The reference ligand was found from the 4FT3 receptor with the H1K code on the PDB. The result of docking in reference ligand obtained a Gibbs free energy value of -6.48 kcal/mol. The next process was carried out molecular tethering to 24 selected test compounds. The processes carried out are molecular docking, molecular visualisation, "Lipinski's Rule of Five" testing and Pre-ADMET testing. Based on Gibbs free energy, 18 molecules met the criteria and the best 3 were selected for analysis, namely stigmasterol, laurifolin, and quercetin with Gibbs free energy values of -10.40 kcal/mol, -8.70 kcal/mol, and -8.04 kcal/mol respectively. Based on the Pre-ADMET test, quercetin belongs to GSH toxicity class 4 which means the compound has a mild toxicity effect compared to other compounds. The molecular dynamics results showed that quercetin is the most stable compound and binds the longest compared to the others. The results can be continued for further research through laboratory testing stages in vitro and in vivo.
Insight into Jasminum sambac Molecular Docking Interaction with GCK related to Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Shobrun , Alghifari Mochammad Rehan
Published: July 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of non comunicable disease witrh high prevalencies in Indonesia. The aim of thie study are exploring the potential of J sambac phytochemical constituen for treating DM. The potential of J sambac as a DM therapy candidate was demonstrated through in silico analysis using several databases and computer aided drug discovery tools. The bioactive compounds analyzed were obtained from pubchem data, for the protein database taken from RSCB PDB, to predict or test ADME using SWISSADME and to analyze target proteins and metabolic pathways, biological activity and related diseases using Swiss prediction target prediction and string DB. Performing molecular docking using BIOAVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer version 4.5 and PyRx version 0.8. From the search results for the compounds contained in Jasminum sambacit was found that there were several active compounds contained in it and some of these compounds passed the ADME criteria, namely compounds (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Dodecatrien -1-ol,( Z)-Jasmone, linalool, Nerolidol, (-)-alpha-Cadinol, Benzenemethanol, Benzaldehyde, Linalyl benzoate, 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane. And an in-depth analysis was carried out regarding the bonds that occur and how these compounds bind to the Glucokynase enzymes found in humans and also how their potential is to become an inhibitor of diabetes mellitus. The GCK enzyme protein contained in J.sambac binds to compounds present in J.sambac such as Linalyl Benzoate and also Benzenemethanol, which may result in the bonding that can make these compounds into medicinal compounds for diabetes mellitus.
Physical Stability of Guava Leaves Extract at Different Storage Temperature
Authors: Ambarwati Nadya , Sinulingga Amanda Safithri , Purbosari Ira
Published: July 2023

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) has been widely used by Indonesian people as traditional medicine. Guava leaves have been studied and show various pharmacological activities including antidiarrheal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimutagenic, anti-cough, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplaque, suppresses cardiac muscle inotropism, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant. In Indonesia, guava leaves have been formulated into several dosage forms. The guava leaves extract, as raw material of traditional medicine, should perform stability during storage period. This study aims to test the physical stability of guava leaves extract, which includes organoleptic, pH, and viscosity at different storage temperature and time susceptibility. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96% as solvent. Extraction is done until a thick extract is obtained. The extract was stored at 8oC (refrigerator temperature), 27oC (room temperature), and 70oC (oven temperature). Physical stability test was performed before storage period and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd week of storage period. Stability test results showed that ethanolic extract of guava leaves was stable at different storage temperatures. The results showed no differences on organoleptic, pH and viscosity test before storage period and at 1st, 2nd, 3rd week of storage period.  Key words: Physical stability, Guava leaves, Ethanolic extract
Antipyretic And Antiinflammatory Activities Of Bopot Leaf Extract From Kutai Kartanegara District
Authors: Mochtar Chaerul Fadly , Aisyiyah Novia Misnawati , Husna Qur’anni Akhwatun , Hamzah Hasyrul , Bakhtiar Muh Irham , Devi Reni Selviana , Varizza Fathiah Putri , Faradillah Ayu , Hafidzah Elva , Suriati Suriati , Damis Nur Lutfiah
Published: July 2023

Fever, a condition where the body temperature is above normal (> 37°C) can occur due to inflammation, an immune system response from harmful stimuli such as pathogens. Bopot leaves (Tabernaemontana divaricata) contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids which are thought to play a role in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis (PGE2). This research was conducted to determine the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of Bopot leaves. In vivo testing was used in mice (Mus musculus). The antipyretic test used peptone induction and rectal temperature was measured using a digital thermometer, while the anti-inflammatory test was carrageenin induced and the volume of edema was measured using a plethysmometer. Measurements were made before and after induction with an interval of 30 minutes for 2 hours. Results were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS. The antipyretic test showed that the dose of 200 mg/Kg BW had the best antipyretic activity with an antipyretic power of 90.20% and the best anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 250 mg/Kg BW. Bopot leaves contain flavanoid compounds which have antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) which triggers prostaglandins that cause an increase in body temperature and inflammation. It was concluded that Bopot leaf extract has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity.
FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GEL MASK PEEL OFF FROM SURIAN (Toona Sinensis) LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT IN VITRO
Authors: Lestari Uce
Published: July 2023

Free radicals can cause damage to skin oxidative cells which will have an impact on aging. This can be shown by the appearance of wrinkles, dull looking skin, black spots (spots) and easily dry skin texture. Antioxidants are compounds that can overcome the bad effects of free radicals. The use of the effects of antioxidants for preparations aimed at facial skin, is better if it is made with cosmetic dosage forms for topical use compared to oral use. One example of this cosmetic preparation is the peel off gel mask. One source of antioxidants comes from the ethanol extract of surian leaves. The aim of the study was to make a gel peel off mask preparation containing antioxidants from surian leaf extract. Surian leaves were extracted by maceration using ethanol, the antioxidant test used the DPPH method. The formulation of peel off gel masks used various extract concentrations, namely 2.5%; 5% ; 7.5% and 10% . Tests for physical characteristics have met the requirements of SNI with organoleptic covering brownish clear color, characteristic aromatic odor of surian leaves, thick form. pH value (4.87-5.47), Viscosity (14088.16-44722.81 cps), spreadability (5.26-5.69 cm), adhesion power (4.08-4.56 seconds) and drying power (22.58-24.02 minutes). The peel off gel mask with the best antioxidant value is formulation 5.
Formulation and Physical Stability Test Peel Off Mask from Kokang Leaf Extract ( Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh) as an Antioxidant
Authors: Pratiwi Jati
Published: July 2023

Free radicals are substances that can damage skin cell membranes and damage skin cells resulting in melanogenesis which is the main defense of the skin. So that antioxidants are needed as an antidote to free radicals that can inhibit or neutralize the bad effects of free radicals and are formulated in the form of peel-off masks to remove dirt and dead skin cells. Kokang leaves (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh) is a plant rich in antioxidants originating from East Kalimantan which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. This study aims to determine the characteristics and physical stability as well as determine the antioxidant activity of peel off mask preparations of kokang leaf extract (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh), experimentally using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results and conclusions obtained were that kokang leaf extract (Lepisanthes amoena (Haask) Leenh) peel off mask preparations 1 (0%), 2 (1%), 3 (2.5) and 4 (5%) had physical characteristics and stability good tests (meet standard requirements) including organoleptic tests, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, drying time and viscosity. Testing the antioxidant activity using a concentration of 5%. Kokang leaf extract contains strong antioxidant activity with a value of 59,707 ppm, while kokang leaf extract peel off mask contains medium category antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 102,945 ppm.
Regional tertiary student mobility and Türkiye
Authors: METİN Furkan
Published: July 2023

Intra-regional cooperation between emerging developing countries has represented a clear shift away from Western models of internationalization since the year 2000. As a result, more international students prefer to have higher education in countries geographically and culturally close to them. This paper aims to explore international student mobility in the context of source and destination countries/continents. Additionally, the situation of Türkiye in terms of intra-regional student mobility was also revealed and several practical implications were also discussed for the country. According to the findings, while the total share of the United States of America and the United Kingdom has decreased considerably, there have been several emerging destinations like Australia, Canada, China, and Türkiye. Türkiye has entered the global top ten destination countries through attracting international tertiary students mostly from the nearby regions.
"Short-Circuit" L1 use in pre-reading activities and its effects on L2 reading comprehension and focus-on-vocabulary learning
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Harun , KÖMÜR Şevki
Published: July 2023

This study explores the effect of categorically different pre-reading activities in learners’ L1 on reading comprehension and learning of focus-on-vocabulary. The participants were sixty Turkish EFL learners attending a state high school, and the data was gathered from their achievement test scores. We analyzed the data through one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and implemented t-test statistical procedures. The findings revealed that the treatment group, who were exposed to pre-reading activities in L1, obtained better results both in reading comprehension and focus-on-vocabulary activities than the control group. The positive effect of implementing the ‘’short-circuit’’ L1 use in pre-reading activities for reading comprehension and focus-on-vocabulary exercises was observed. It was also seen that categorically different pre-reading activities enhanced EFL learners’ reading comprehension and vocabulary learning.
Challenges towards selecting Saudi Arabia as an arbitral seat for foreign investors
Authors: Alsahli Abdulelah
Published: July 2023

Identifying the seat of arbitration jurisdiction is of great significance to the arbitral procedure. Countries seek to develop their arbitration laws and harmonize the cross-border arbitral regimes in order to modernize the practices and increase foreign direct investments nationally. Foreign parties aim to select an arbitral seat that is efficient and conforms to international arbitration practices. The parties’ choice of seat dictates the arbitral procedure adopted on the dispute and influences the boundaries of the arbitral awards. This paper evaluates Saudi Arabia as an arbitral seat for foreign investors and considers the key factors affecting the parties’ selection. Further, the paper analyses the legal barriers faced by the parties in association with selecting the Kingdom as a seat for arbitration. The purpose of the paper is to outline the challenges and present recommendations to develop the practices of arbitration in Saudi Arabia to increase its level of conformity to international arbitration standards.
Gastroprotective effect of the flavonoid fustin isolated from Cotinus coggygria heartwood in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration
Authors: Georgieva Antoaneta , Pavlov Danail , Tzaneva Maria , Novakovic Miroslav , Tesevic Vele , Reyzov Mehmed , Eftimov Miroslav , Todorova Milena , Nikolova Miglena , Stefanova Nadezhda , Valcheva-Kuzmanova Stefka
Published: July 2023

Gastric ulcer is a common health issue. Cotinus coggygria heartwood extracts rich in the flavonoids fustin and sulfuretin have shown protective effects in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. Fustin itself has been protective in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. In the present study we aimed to reveal the effect of the flavonoid fustin isolated from Cotinus coggygria heartwood in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration.

Fustin was isolated from Cotinus coggygria heartwood and purified. The experiment was performed on 30 male Wistar rats allocated to three groups – Control, Indo and F10. F10 group was pretreated with fustin (10 mg/kg b.w. for 7 days). Rats were sacrificed and macroscopic, histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of the stomachs were performed.

Indomethacin caused severe mucosal damage, proven by the macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical gastric mucosa investigation. Fustin pretreatment slightly reduced the macroscopic indices for gastric damage (ulcer number, area, score and index), and significantly alleviated the severity of the microscopic indices (mucosal erosions, necrosis, hemorrhages and inflammation). In fustin-pretreated rats, the expression of NF-κB was reduced in comparison with indomethacin-treated animals.

In conclusion, fustin exerted a gastroprotective action in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration model, probably due to its anti-inflammatory activity.
Chemical composition and biologic activities of different preparations of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica)
Authors: Moneva Klementina , Gancheva Silvia , Valcheva-Kuzmanova Stefka
Published: July 2023

The hectic pace of life and growing threat of cardiovascular, metabolic and neoplastic diseases highlight the demand for products with natural origin that could simultaneously be part of the balanced diet and improve human’s health. A promising finding in this respect is the Japanese quince – Chaenomeles japonica. It is an ancient plant with eastern origin, but the scientific knowledge about it has only recently started to build up.

The aim of this review is to gather scientific data about chemical composition and biologic activities of Chaenomeles japonica and to provide an insight into the possible prophylactic and therapeutic applications of the plant. The gathered and summarized information concerning Japanese quince shows that preparations of different parts of the plant, especially fruits and leaves, possess biologic properties that could be of exceptional nutritional and medicinal value. Antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, carbohydrate metabolism-modulating activities in in vitro studies as well as safety profile, influence on neuropsychology and behavior in animal models are discussed.

This review outlines the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Chaenomeles japonica, as well as the chemical composition that stands behind them, and aims to serve as a basis for further investigations of the medicinal plant’s potential.
Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants in Relation to Local Customs and Practices of the North Black Sea Coast Population
Authors: Cherneva Djeni , Ivanov Dobri
Published: July 2023

This comprehensive ethnobotanical study was conducted along the North Black Sea coast area to find of the extent to which indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and their relation to Bulgarian traditions and customs is preserved. We aim to identify the tendencies of passing this knowledge to future generations.

The survey was conducted in 2015 in various urban and rural North Black Sea coast areas, using a face-to-face interviews technique. We used the Chi-square test to analyse the results. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the assessment of the impact of demographics on respondents' answers.

More than half of the respondents (61.08%) are not familiar with rituals and traditional practices related to medicinal plants. Moderate influence on respondents' answers is rendered by age only. For the local population of the North Black Sea coast, Enyovden turns out to be the most popular holiday related to medicinal plants. Enyovden is the herbalists' feast and is cited by 20% of respondents. The same percentage of interviewees mention Geranium spp. and Ocimum basilicum L. as the most favoured herbs related to local traditions and customs.

Traditional knowledge of the relation between Bulgarian rituals and customs to medicinal plants and their magical powers is fading.
The Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Reinforced PLA – A Review
Authors: Ilie Mihaela Feraru
Published: July 2023

Due to the multiple advantages of 3D printing, it is used in many industrial fields, from robotics to the food industry, from the automotive industry to the aerospace industry. The results in the paper refer to parts obtained by 3D printing (longitudinal and transverse) from PLA reinforced with wood fibers of 100%, 200% and 300% widths compared to the parts obtained by pressing. The behavior of reinforced parts of the PLA with wood fibers and a bio-additive were also studied. There were no noticeable differences in tensile strength when printing in the transverse direction from the parts obtained by pressing, and in the case of longitudinal printing the behavior is similar. Instead, there is a significant decrease in traction resistance to transverse printing compared to the longitudinal one. The variation in the width of the printed part influences the mechanical behavior in the sense that in the parts printed at 0° a more ductile behavior was recorded with its increase. The adhesion between wood fibers and matrix can be improved using a bioamide, and the addition of only 1.3% of the bio-additive led to an increase in traction resistance due to improved adhesion between wood fibers. There was also a slight increase in the rigidity of the parts due to the increase in Young’s module. The impact resistance was much higher in the case of notchless sample because, as is natural, they can absorb more energy compared to notched sample.
How Does Female Entrepreneurship Affect Happiness?
Authors: Chikh-Amnache Sabrina , Chikh-Boubaghela Nabila , Mekhzoumi Lotfi
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation between female entrepreneurship and happiness within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The study uses a panel data model with two independent variables measuring female entrepreneurship and five control variables measuring the determinants of happiness. The method used for analysis is the panel fixed effects of the method of moments quantile regression (MM-QR) to examine data from nine ASEAN countries between 2006 and 2021. MM-QR can capture the location and scale of the conditional distribution of the dependent variable, making it suitable for studying the heterogeneous effects of female entrepreneurship on happiness across happiness quantiles. This approach controls for unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity, reducing omitted variable bias in cross-sectional studies. The MM-QR approach is rigorous and robust for analysing the complex relationship between female entrepreneurship and happiness in ASEAN countries. The main contribution of this study is to shed light on the relationship between female entrepreneurship and happiness, which reinforces and supports comprehensive development in emerging countries. The findings suggest that policymakers and practitioners can benefit from supporting female entrepreneurship by implementing policies and programs that provide access to education, training, mentorship, and financing. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the gender development index (GDI) as a determinant of happiness in ASEAN countries.
Renal lipid deposition and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Yan , Luo Shilu , Xiao Ying , Zhao Chanyue , Sun Lin
Published: July 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Lipid metabolism disorders are a common clinical manifestation of DN and are involved in the development of DN. Ectopic lipid deposition refers to lipids deposited in nonadipose tissue, such as liver, brain, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Recently, renal lipid deposition has been shown to play an important role in the pathological progression of DN. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of renal lipid deposition and explore the relationship between renal lipid deposition and renal injury in DN.
Efficacy and safety of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic kidney disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yaling , Ren Song , Zhang Yuan , Wang Li , Li Guisen
Published: July 2023

Objective

To compare the relative efficacy and safety of dual blockade with sole blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in diabetic kidney disease.

Method

Studies were selected by searching the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). All trials with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) + angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB) (combination therapy), ACEI alone, or ARB alone (monotherapy) for treatment of diabetic kidney disease were included. The clinical parameters included for comparison were the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or the outcomes of death, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum potassium, 24-h urinary protein, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), and blood pressure.

Results

Twenty-two studies involving 6492 participants were eventually included. Compared to ACEI or ARB alone, a combination of ACEI and ARB can greatly reduce urine protein by 160 mg/d, the level of ACR significantly, as well as the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The increase of serum creatinine and the decrease of GFR were more obvious in the combination treatment group. There was no significant difference in endpoint events between the two groups. The serum potassium level was significantly increased in the combination treatment group.

Conclusions

ACEI combined with ARB in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease can significantly reduce the level of proteinuria, decrease the blood pressure, and delay the progression of kidney disease. Moreover, it has some risk of increasing serum potassium and serum creatinine compared with monotherapy; so, careful attention is needed in dual blockade treatment.
Entaglement and communication in digital qubits using FPGAs
Authors: Hawargi Bhuvan , Akshay K B , Bhowmick Kaustav
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on usage of digital qubits on a digital quantum computing platform implemented on FPGAs. Modifications have been made to existing digital qubit standards to account for complex probability amplitudes and not only real ones. This paper introduces an improved transient effect ring-oscillator based TRNG used in the scope of this project. The objective of this was to simulate the addition of environmental noise in a digital setting. Using the newly designed digital qubits, a few quantum logic gates have been designed to work on the FPGA platform using Verilog. These logic gates have then been used to implement entanglement on a digital hardware platform. Furthermore, this paper implements communication between two digital quantum computers over both wired and wireless media by transmitting alphabetical messages as qubits and compares the same with transmission involving classical digital bits only.
6G wireless system: The emerging trend in cellular technology
Authors: Sikiru Adegoke Adesoye , Olukayode Ajayi Abayomi , Lateef Otegbeye Adeyinka , Sobowale Soneye Olufemi
Published: July 2023

Cellular technology has brought about a significant revolution in the way we communicate and share information. In the last four (4) decades, researchers in the field of wireless cellular technology have been consistently upscaling their designs in tech space which has led to the evolutions of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G in close successions. The most recent is 5G which is currently being implemented in various continents across the globe. 5G encompasses a technological framework that can support machine-to-machine (m2m) communication, virtual and augmented reality and smart manufacturing. However, its drawbacks are now coming into bare as its being deployed globally which suggests that 5G may not stand test of time beyond this decade. This has necessitated early research work into the evolution of next generation technology, the 6G. This paper therefore chronicles the emerging technologies in wireless cellular systems, their evolutionary trends, likely features and prospects of the next generation, the 6G.
Audit Committee’s Characteristics and the Cost of Debt
Authors: Santos Inês Borges , Pinto Inês , Morais Ana Isabel
Published: July 2023

Objective

This paper examines the association between audit committee characteristics and the cost of debt, with the aim of gaining new insights on how this corporate governance mechanism contributes to the reduction of debt costs.

Methodology

Using a sample of FTSE 100 companies listed in 2018 and 2019, our study investigates how audit composition and characteristics, such as financial and industry expertise, gender, tenure and diligence affect audit committees’ oversight role, and therefore the impact on the companies’ level of risk and the cost of debt.

Findings

The results show that overall audit committee’s characteristics do not impact the corporate cost of debt, except for the gender of the audit committee’s chair. Companies with audit committees managed by a chairwoman experience a lower cost of debt. The results also confirm that external auditors influence the cost of debt. As additional test, we conducted a principal component analysis to construct a corporate governance index of audit committee´s characteristics, and we obtained similar results. Overall, the study results seem to suggest that the cost of debt is more significantly influenced by external auditors than by the characteristics of the audit committee.

Value Added

This paper contributes to the literature on corporate governance by showing how audit committees characteristics affect the cost of debt.

Recommendations

This study improves the understanding of the way debtholders may assess audit committee’s characteristics and auditors when assessing companies’ financial risk and the corporate cost of debt.
The Efficiency of Sustainability Engagement Reported by Banks in Poland, Croatia and Romania
Authors: Fijałkowska Justyna , Sačer Ivana Mamić , Zyznarska-Dworczak Beata , Sandulescu Maria-Silvia , Garsztka Przemysław , Mokošova Daša
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to verify the efficiency of economic, organisational, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability performance.

Methodology

Disclosure analysis and 2-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) examining the efficiency of sustainability engagement of listed banks in Poland, Croatia, and Romania disclosed in the annual and CSR/sustainability reports for 2015–2018.

Findings

There are apparent differences between the efficiency of sustainability engagement in the banking sectors of the three countries examined in the study. Banking sectors in all these countries are on different stages of their paths to value creation via the efficiency of sustainability engagement.

Practical implications

The results of this study may help compare sustainability engagement and understanding of the further directions of sustainable development in the banking sector in both the analysed and other countries, as well as in other institutions from other sectors. These results may be important for the decision-makers in determining the actions focused on improving efficiency on the way to value creation.

Originality/value

Since only a limited number of studies examine the efficiency of sustainability engagement, especially in CEE countries, little is known about value creation, understood as the efficient use of the resources and activities concerning sustainability. This paper contributes to filling in this gap. It also proposes an alternative approach, analysing the relationship between sustainability engagement and value creation based on efficiency rather than on the direct impact on financial results giving ambiguous results. This approach may be extended to different sectors and other countries.
Fun and laughter promote well-being in early childhood education and care: Pedagogy of fun and big humour
Authors: Koch Anette Boye
Published: July 2023

In Danish early childhood education and care (ECEC), fun is often emphasised as a key pedagogical tool but is used rather unreflexively. While well-being and happiness have been studied in various ways, the potential of fun is not included in theoretical discussions regarding happiness and well-being, although most people identify having fun as a fundamental reason for being happy. A researcher and three student assistants spent six months in three ECEC settings with a focus on episodes characterised by fun and laughter. Participant observation and interviews were conducted. Empirical data illustrate how fun appears in ECEC as laughter, smiles, attentiveness, intensity and ecstasy. Fun arises momentarily in a sense of lightness and freedom, as a means of communication, in physical play, when rules and expectations are broken, in frivolous references to lower body functions and in experiences of excitement. Pedagogues use fun based on child sensitivity, improvisation, courage to let go of control, informality, energy and a sense of humour. Danish humour philosophy distinguishes between small humour and big humour. Pedagogues with the ability to practice big humour are preferred in order to establish an ECEC culture characterised by fun, laughter and episodes of small humour that promote well-being in children.
An Assessment of the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict on the European Cereal Exports Using Network Theory
Authors: Trucmel Irina-Maria , Vintila Alexandra
Published: July 2023

Cereal grains are basic nutrients in the human diet. Given the production capacity gap between countries, food security is subject to global challenges. The Russian invasion of Ukraine from February 2022 has inevitably raised concerns on the resilience of the agro-food system. In this paper, we use network theory to examine the export flows of the European producers of wheat, maize, and barley. Based on annual data from the United Nations Comtrade database, we build specific weighted and directed networks to comparatively assess the dynamics of cereal exporting patterns. We employ centrality metrics for network statistics and modularity for community detection. The central hub for all three cereals remained unchanged. Our results show the following core countries Russia for wheat, France for barley and Ukraine for maize. Their main export destination is also the same, from Russia to Türkiye, France to China and Ukraine to China respectively. Compared to the previous year, several destinations including low-income countries worldwide did not appear as recipients of the Ukrainian exports, but additional countries located in Europe and interconnected by land emerged as partners. This study provides a general assessment of the European exports to support a better understanding of the community structure under the Russo-Ukrainian conflict setting.
Chloride Ion Diffusion Resistance of Bulk Hydrophobic Concrete: Comparison of w/c and Dosages
Authors: Rogers Patrick , Silfwerbrand Johan , Selander Anders , Trägårdh Jan , Utgenannt Peter
Published: July 2023

Post-cast application of hydrophobic agents onto hardened concrete is successful at reducing external ion diffusion into cement paste, this work examines pre-cast application of hydrophobic admixtures in fresh concrete. Concretes, with water to cement ratios (w/c) 0.45 and 0.50 (CEM I; low C3A), were mixed. Adding alkyltrialkoxysilane or triacylglycerol admixtures ranging from 1 to 3 wt%cem in these concretes were evaluated. Increasing the dosage of hydrophobic admixtures decreased the compressive strength. The usage of these admixtures did not hinder the further development of the microstructure as all concretes gained strength after one year, but not in the same percentage increase as the reference concrete. Chloride ion diffusion, after exposure to 3 wt% NaCl solution at 20 °C for 91 days, in concretes with 1 wt%cem admixture showed slight reductions in diffusion rate (8-17%) compared to the reference. At 3 wt%cem, triacylglycerol admixtures showed better hindering effects of inward chloride diffusion, this was especially evident in w/c = 0.45. Equivalent addition of alkyltrialkoxysilane-based admixtures increased the diffusion of chloride ions transferred into the cement matrix.
Load Effects of ASR-induced Expansion in Reinforced Concrete and Their Consequences for Structural Assessment
Authors: Stemland Kathrine Mürer , Johansen Håvard , Kanstad Terje
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the structural effects of ASR expansion in reinforced structures. It proposes models and procedures for calculating the strains in the concrete caused by the reinforcement, the load effects in statically indeterminate structures and the cross-sectional capacities. Three models are described to include variations of the ASR expansion in a section. Model 1 for constant or linearly varying ASR expansion, Model 2 for an expansion variation in different parts of a cross-section and Model 3 for a particular case of different expansion in subsections of the cross-section. The models are exemplified by calculations based on input data from one relevant bridge, the 70 years old Elgeseter bridge in Trondheim, Norway. This is done to illustrate various aspects of the calculation methods and show the structural consequences of the ASR expansion. The results correlate with the bridge’s observed structural behavior and assumed expansion. This paper also illustrates the importance of coordinating inspection, material testing and structural strength analysis to obtain reliable assessment.
Requirements for Test Series for Relative Humidity Measurements to Calibrate Drying Time Simulation Model
Authors: Sekki Pauli , Niemi Sami , Karvinen Timo
Published: July 2023

There is a great need for an easy-to-use tool to simulate drying of concrete floors. In order to model practical situations, the tool should take into account changing conditions, especially wetting at worksite, but also temperature. For this purpose, a simulation program was developed for drying time estimations for concrete floors, which was published in 2021 and is named as the “by2020 Concrete drying time estimate”. This study presents the results of the laboratory test series conducted to calibrate the drying time estimations of the by2020 software. As all possible scenarios for practical situations were not possible to study in the test series, results from the literature were partly used for calibration and validation of the tool. A methodology for test series for calibration of the drying time estimation model is proposed based on this study. It was found that a model suitable for practical applications can be implemented based on relative humidity measurements only. However, the tests series of relative humidity measurements should take into account the influence of various factors such as wetting period and different temperature conditions.
Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review
Authors: Carroll Matthew B
Published: July 2023

It remains a clinical challenge identifying when joint hypermobility (JH) is responsible for pain. Previous nomenclature utilized terms such as (benign) joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) but this was updated in 2017 as advances in genetics provide a basis for nearly all variants of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) with the exception of hypermobile EDS (hEDS). New terminology describes hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSDs) as the updated term for JHS. Diagnosis of a subtype of HSDs should be considered in patients who have JH coupled with the presence of secondary musculo-skeletal manifestations (trauma, chronic pain, disturbed proprioception, and other manifestations) and at the exclusion of hEDS. Extra-articular manifestations are common. Treatment relies on management strategies for other chronic pain syndromes with a multidisciplinary approach likely optimal. Lifestyle modifications focus on weight loss and exercise. Physical therapy helps strengthen periarticular muscles, improving mobility. Pharmacologic therapies focus on judicious use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor may help widespread pain. Avoidance of opioids remains prudent. The purpose of this review is to provide clinicians the rationale for the update in nomenclature, understand the musculoskeletal and extra-articular manifestations of the subtypes of HSDs, considerations when making the diagnosis, and treatment.
A survey of artificial intelligence in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Tian Yu , Zhou Tianshu , Tong Danyang , Ma Jing , Li Jingsong
Published: July 2023

The article offers a survey of currently notable artificial intelligence methods (released between 2019-2023), with a particular emphasis on the latest advancements in detecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at an early stage, providing early treatment, and managing the disease. We discussed challenges in these areas followed by specific artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and summarized advances, relevant strengths, and obstacles. Overall, the application of AI in the fields of RA has the potential to enable healthcare professionals to detect RA at an earlier stage, thereby facilitating timely intervention and better disease management. However, more research is required to confirm the precision and dependability of AI in RA, and several problems such as technological and ethical concerns related to these approaches must be resolved before their widespread adoption.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Investigation and Trials in Europe and Some Countries: Experience for Vietnam
Authors: Thao Nguyen Phuong
Published: July 2023

Applying artificial intelligence (AI) is a modern and effective way to solve criminal case. However, this is a relatively new issue and has not been researched and applied thoroughly. Therefore, being fully aware of the nature of artificial intelligence, ensuring the basic principles, and using them in criminal justice will create the basis for the effects applied by law enforcement in practice. This article presents an overview of artificial intelligence and its relationship with criminal justice; the ability to apply artificial intelligence in solving criminal cases; Vietnam’s policies and challenges on research, development, and application of artificial intelligence. From there, the author proposes some recommendations to enhance the efficiency of criminal cases resolution based on ensuring the basic rights of the accused.
Life Imprisonment in Canada: Is the “Hope” Lost?
Authors: Lafrance Sébastien
Published: July 2023

Life imprisonment has divergent meanings in various countries. With a focus on the issues related to life imprisonment in Canada, more specifically regarding the issue of the ‘hope to be released’ for the individuals serving a life sentence, the author assesses the legislation and some relevant, positive and negative, jurisprudential developments pertaining to life imprisonment in that context from a few countries, including Vietnam. The positive evolution that the Canadian jurisprudence witnessed in 2022 with respect to the eligibility for release of detainees serving a lifelong sentence could make Canada an interesting case study for Vietnam. This paper mainly relies on legal doctrinal research and comparative law by way of referring to the legislation and caselaw of a few different national jurisdictions for its analysis.
Fault is Not a Condition for Determination of Liability for Non-Contractual Damage -A Development in Human Rights Protection in Vietnam
Authors: Son Le Truong , Quang Nguyen Xuan
Published: July 2023

Liability to compensate for non-contractual damage is an important regulation in the Civil Code. Vietnam has developed and promulgated the law on compensation for damage to quickly and promptly remedy damage to the aggrieved subject. One of the factors is that the 2015 Civil Code does not stipulate that fault is a condition giving rise to compensation liability, thereby thoroughly protecting human rights, the rights of individuals and organizations in civil relations in Vietnam. This article analyzes the above issue.
Book Review: Contract Law in East Central Europe
Authors: An Chu Thị Thanh
Published: July 2023

The book “Contract law in East Central Europe”, edited by Emőd Veress, is a part of a comparative legal project on a wide range of topics in the Central Europe. The book is devoted to the general rules on contracts in the jurisdictions of Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia. This book is highly recommended to both academics and legal practitioners who are interested in comparative contract law.
Herausforderung Verkehrsinfrastruktur: heutiges System des Bundesverkehrswegeplans
Authors: Böttger Christian
Published: July 2023

In this article, the author describes the current system of transport infrastructure planning in Germany (BVWP). The forecasting system and the projects derived are subject to intense public discussion and criticism. The author is scrutinizing the main discussion points and develops proposals for a modernization of the existing system.
Neue Prioritäten in der Bundesverkehrswegeplanung?
Authors: Eisenkopf Alexander
Published: July 2023

In the course of the so-called requirements plan review, a fundamental discussion is taking place about the priorities in federal transport infrastructure planning. Numerous interest groups are calling for a sole focus on climate protection and environmental goals. This paper argues that such a miopic orientation of transport infrastructure planning will lead to productivity and growth losses.The key lever of climate policy, rather, is decarbonization of transport activities.