bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue mortality by Caribbean ciliate infection and white band disease in three reef-building coral species
Authors: Verde Alejandra , Bastidas Carolina , Croquer Aldo
Published: July 2016

Caribbean ciliate infection (CCI) and white band disease (WBD) are diseases that affect a multitude of coral hosts and are associated with rapid rates of tissue losses, thus contributing to declining coral cover in Caribbean reefs. In this study we compared tissue mortality rates associated to CCI in three species of corals with different growth forms:Orbicella faveolata(massive-boulder),O. annularis(massive-columnar) andAcropora cervicornis(branching). We also compared mortality rates in colonies ofA. cervicornisbearing WBD and CCI. The study was conducted at two locations in Los Roques Archipelago National Park between April 2012 and March 2013. InA. cervicornis, the rate of tissue loss was similar between WBD (0.8 ± 1 mm/day, mean ± SD) and CCI (0.7 ± 0.9 mm/day). However, mortality rate by CCI inA. cervicorniswas faster than in the massive speciesO. faveolata(0.5 ± 0.6 mm/day) andO. annularis(0.3 ± 0.3 mm/day). Tissue regeneration was at least fifteen times slower than the mortality rates for both diseases regardless of coral species. This is the first study providing coral tissue mortality and regeneration rates associated to CCI in colonies with massive morphologies, and it highlights the risks of further cover losses of the three most important reef-building species in the Caribbean.
Flash visual evoked potentials in diurnal birds of prey
Authors: Dondi Maurizio , Biaggi Fabio , Di Ianni Francesco , Dodi Pier Luigi , Quintavalla Fausto
Published: July 2016

The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of Flash Visual Evoked Potentials (FVEPs) testing in birds of prey in a clinical setting and to describe the protocol and the baseline data for normal vision in this species. FVEP recordings were obtained from 6 normal adult birds of prey: n. 2 Harris’s Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), n. 1 Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus), n. 2 Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and n. 1 Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Before carrying out VEP tests, all animals underwent neurologic and ophthalmic routine examination. Waveforms were analysed to identify reproducible peaks from random variation of baseline. At least three positive and negative peaks were highlighted in all tracks with elevated repeatability. Measurements consisted of the absolute and relative latencies of these peaks (P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, and N3) and their peak-to-peak amplitudes. Both the peak latency and wave morphology achieved from normal animals were similar to those obtained previously in other animal species. This test can be easily and safely performed in a clinical setting in birds of prey and could be useful for an objective assessment of visual function.
Photosynthetic activity estimated as in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence in calcareous red macroalgae
Authors: Figueroa Félix L , Hermoso-Bentrán Maibe , Celis-Plá Paula SM , Bonomi-Barufi José , Álvarez-Gómez Félix , Korbee Nathalie , López-Calderón Jorge , Cota-Lucero Tania , Riosmena-Rodríguez Rafael
Published: July 2016

Photosynthetic activity was estimated, in 2 different sets of experiments, as in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence in 2 calcareous red macroalgae: Neogoniolithon brassica-florida, which forms vermetid reefs with Dendropoma petraeum, and the rhodolith-forming Lithophyllum margaritae. In the first set of experiments, vermetid reefs collected from the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park (Almería, Spain) were incubated for 6 months in outdoor mesocosms at 2 different temperatures: ambient temperature (T) and ambient temperature plus 2 ºC (T+). Daily variations in effective quantum yields were related to the increase in solar radiation. Electron transport rate (ETR) was higher at T+ than at T. Oxygen production, estimated from ETR, was higher in N. brassica-florida growing in vermetid reefs in the coastal area than in those incubated in mesocosms or under laboratory conditions. In the second set of experiments, L. margaritae specimens with or without attached epifauna (mainly sponges) were collected at 2 sites (Pedregoso and CFE) on the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, and at 2 depths (1 and 2 m). ETR values for rhodoliths collected at 1 m depth and with attached epifauna were higher than those for rhodoliths collected at 2 m depth, indicating the importance of greater incident radiation on photosynthetic activity. Photosynthetic activity was higher in L. margaritae collected from Pedregoso, the site with better water quality (high transparency and low pollution) and rocky substrate availability. In the CFE samples, the photosynthetic efficiency (alphaETR) was highest in rhodoliths with attached epifauna. The highest ETR values for N. brassica-florida at T+ and the highest alphaETR or ETR values for L. margaritae with attached sponges may be explained by the increase in CO2 available for photosynthesis due to the respiration of the associated fauna. The usefulness of in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence for estimating photosynthetic production in calcareous macroalgae under multifactorial experiments is discussed.
Nascimento prematuro e assistência pré-natal: revisão integrativa à luz de Canguilhem Premature birth and prenatal care: integrative review in the light of Canguilhem
Authors: Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Santos Silvana Sidney Costa , Melo Emiliana Cristina , Zurita Robsmeire Calvo Melo , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Identificar pesquisas que relacionam o nascimento prematuro com a assistência pré-natal, refletindo essa relação por meio dos escritos de Canguilhem. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura a partir de busca nas bases de dados disponíveis na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, no período de 2007 a 2011, com seleção final de seis artigos. Resultados: A relação entre nascimento prematuro e assistência pré-natal refere-se ao número insuficiente de consultas de pré-natal, ausência ou qualidade insuficiente do atendimento. A prematuridade e a assistência pré-natal devem ser consideradas como um todo único, com a consideração da concepção ampliada da assistência que se estende do paradigma biológico à subjetividade dos sujeitos. Conclusão: A partir dos conceitos de normal e patológico, espera-se contribuir para mudança de foco, do profissional de saúde, da gestação para a gestante, não menosprezando aspectos clínicos e biológicos, mas considerando a mulher em sua singularidade, subjetividade e inserção no contexto social.
Fatores geradores da Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde Generating factors of Burnout Syndrome in health professionals
Authors: Almeida Larissa Amorim , De Souza Medeiros Isadora Dantas , De Barros Adriana Gonçalves , Filgueira Martins Cláudia Cristiane , Pereira Santos Viviane Euzébia
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores relacionados à Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da saúde. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva realizada através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com a coleta de dados realizada na biblioteca virtual BIREME. Resultados: Dos 410 artigos selecionados, apenas oito satisfaziam os critérios de inclusão. Estes referiam à Síndrome de Burnout em Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, em médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família, profissionais de saúde mental, enfermeiros da Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo, trabalhadores de um hospital de média complexidade e em professores de Educação Física. A Síndrome referida aparece como consequência de um conjunto de fatores. Ela é vivenciada por trabalhadores que lidam diretamente com pessoas, sendo resultante do estresse crônico. Conclusão: A melhoria das condições de trabalho dos profissionais contribui para fornecer uma assistência de saúde mais apropriada aos profissionais com sinais da Síndrome de Burnout. Descritores: Burnout, profissional da saúde, saúde do trabalhador.
As representações da masculinidade na adesão do toque retal como prevenção contra o câncer prostático Representations of masculinity in adherence of rectal examination as prevention against prostate cancer
Authors: Amthauer Camila
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é re(pensar) as ações de saúdeque transitam nesse território, e se, de fato, tais ações contemplam todo o universo de sentimentos, dúvidas e incertezas que permeiam o pensamento masculino quando se trata de realizar o exame de toque retal. Método: O método empregado é o desenho de ensaio, caracterizado como um exercício reflexivo acerca de um tema, buscando uma nova forma de olhar o assunto. Resultados: A masculinidade é construída por influência do imaginário social, não podendo desconsiderar aspectos simbólicos que interferem na decisão de realizar o exame. Tal exame não toca apenas na próstata, ele toca em aspectos simbólicos do que é “ser homem”. Conclusão: Cabe aos profissionais da saúde compreender o que acontece no “universo masculino” a fim depensar ações de saúdepara reduzir as taxas de morbimortalidade dessa doença que vem afetando a saúde e qualidade de vida dos homens.
Genealogia do cuidado na perspectiva foucaultiana Genealogy of care in foucault’s perspective
Authors: Marta Cristiano Bertolossi , Teixeira Enéas Rangel
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: identificar o estado da arte sobre genealogia do cuidadoatravés das publicações em periódicos nacionais e internacionais.Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa sobre o processo do cuidarem saúde e enfermagem, procedida entre 10/02/2014 e 20/02/2014 nasbases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Scielo dos portais da BVS e CAPES.Explorou-se 17 artigos, cujos resultados foram agrupados em duascategorias: os métodos Arqueológicos e Genealógicos propostos porMichel Foucault e Considerações sobre saberes e práticas de cuidado emsaúde e na Enfermagem. Resultados: o cuidado e suas relações possuemtransversalidade nas maneiras de cuidar em distintas formas e espaços.A transversalidade evidencia-se quando se trata do cuidado com corpode modo direto, indireto e contextual, evocando ações saberes e açõescomplexas. Conclusão: é necessário refletir sobre as produções do cuidadode si e as implicações com as atividades na saúde, compreendendo afilosofia do poder envolvido nesse processo.
Facilidades e dificuldades do trabalho em terapia intensiva: um olhar da equipe de enfermagem Difficulties and facilities in intensive care work: a nursing staff’s perspective
Authors: Rodrigues Isabela Lencina , Camponogara Silviamar , Soares Sabrina Gonçalves Aguiar , Beck Carmem Lucia Colomé , Dos Santos Tanise Martins
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: conhecer facilidades e dificuldades encontradas no cotidiano de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem de uma UTI Adulto. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados com 11 trabalhadores de enfermagem, de uma UTI Adulto de um hospital universitário, entre os meses de junho e julho de 2012, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os achados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Diversos fatores interferem no desenvolvimento do trabalho, dentre eles, atribui-se como facilitadores: o uso da tecnologia, o ambiente pequeno e fechado. Já, os conflitos pessoais, a falta de comprometimento de colegas e a carência de recursos humanos e materiais surgem como alguns obstáculos enfrentados pelos sujeitos. Conclusão:Conclui-se que apesar de muitas dificuldades serem encontradas para o desenvolvimento do trabalho em UTI, essa atividade ainda é vista, pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem, como algo gratificante.
Qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com Síndrome de Down Quality of life of family caregivers of people with Down Syndrome
Authors: Moreira Ramon Missias , De Oliveira Bruno Gonçalves , Cruz Diego Pires , Bomfim Eliane dos Santos , De Camargo Climene Laura , Sales Zenilda Nogueira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de pais/cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down sobre qualidade de vida. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que utilizou para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada com 10 pais cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down. Para analisar os dados, recorreu-se a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: observou-se que, os cuidadores são mães com idade acima de 30 anos, que se autodeclararam pardas, conviviam com um companheiro, praticavam algum tipo de atividade física e frequentaram alguma instituição de ensino. Além disso, possuíam como ocupação principal a função de cuidador. Os cuidadores relataram que o acesso ao lazer; à saúde; relações familiares; bem estar geral; material e direitos seriam os fatores que influenciam na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os pais cuidadores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down apresentaram diferentes concepções sobre a qualidade de vida.
Aspectos bioéticos envolvidos no cuidado ao idoso com HIV/AIDS Bioethical issues involved in care of elderly with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Bispo Adriana Consuelo Oliveira , Suto Cleuma Sueli Santos , Guimarães Frank Evilácio de Oliveira , Sobrinho Carlito Lopes Nascimento , Santa Rosa Darci de Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre os aspectos bioéticos do cuidado a idosos com HIV/AIDS. Método: Realizou-se revisão sistemática de artigos nas bases de dados Scopus e SciELO. Resultados: Os estudos selecionados indicaram que: ocorreu aumento do número de pessoas idosas com HIV/AIDS; os idosos possuem déficit de conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão; os profissionais de saúde tem dificuldade de abordar a sexualidade na terceira idade. Evidenciou-se que apesar das concepções construídas em relação à doença, o preconceito sobre a sexualidade tem dificultado medidas preventivas para a infecção levando a construção de estratégias de resistência pelos idosos como: silêncio em relação à sorologia, esperança da cura da AIDS e busca do respeito a autonomia. Conclusão: Verifica-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos na educação em saúde para elevar o conhecimento de idosos sobre HIV/AIDS, respeito à sua autonomia e minimizar riscos ao preconceito à sua sexualidade.
New constraints on deglacial marine radiocarbon anomalies from a depth transect near Baja California
Authors: Lindsay Colin M. , Lehman Scott J. , Marchitto Thomas M. , Carriquiry José D. , Ortiz Joseph D.
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have shown that radiocarbon activities (Δ14C) in the low‐latitude, middepth Pacific and Indian Oceans were anomalously low during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, ~17.8–14.6 ka) and the Younger Dryas (YD, ~12.8–11.5 ka), coincident with intervals of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and declining atmospheric Δ14C. However, a full explanation of these events remains elusive due to sparse and sometimes conflicting data. Here we present new 14C measurements on benthic and planktic foraminifera that, in combination with previously published measurements, enable us to reconstruct the Δ14C depth gradient near Baja California. Vertical profiles were similar to present during the Last Glacial Maximum and Bølling/Allerod (14.6–12.8 ka) but display a pronounced middepth (~700 m) Δ14C minimum during HS1 and the YD. The latter observation, along with a comparison to other regional reconstructions, appears to rule out intermediate waters from the north or from directly below as proximate sources of aged 14C‐depleted ocean carbon during deglaciation and point instead to changes in the composition of Equatorial Pacific intermediate waters. Simple mixing constraints require Equatorial Pacific intermediate waters to be only slightly lower in Δ14C than at Baja California, in contrast with previous observations of extremely low Δ14C at Galapagos Rise. While the latter may have been influenced by localized releases of geologic (14C‐dead) CO2, the smaller and more widespread deglacial Δ14C anomalies in the Arabian Sea and North Pacific seem to require a source of aged carbon in the glacial deep Southern and Pacific Oceans for which there is growing evidence.
An integrated analysis of the March 2015 Atacama floods
Authors: Wilcox Andrew C. , Escauriaza Cristian , Agredano Roberto , Mignot Emmanuel , Zuazo Vicente , Otárola Sebastián , Castro Lina , Gironás Jorge , Cienfuegos Rodrigo , Mao Luca
Published: July 2016

In March 2015 unusual ocean and atmospheric conditions produced many years' worth of rainfall in a ~48 h period over northern Chile's Atacama Desert, one of Earth's driest regions, resulting in catastrophic flooding. Here we describe the hydrologic and geomorphic drivers of and responses to the 2015 Atacama floods. In the Salado River, we estimated a flood peak discharge of approximately 1000 m3/s, which caused widespread damage and high sediment loads that were primarily derived from valley‐fill erosion; hillslopes remained surprisingly intact despite their lack of vegetation. In the coastal city of Chañaral, flooding of the Salado River produced maximum water depths over 4.5 m, meters thick mud deposition in buildings and along city streets, and coastal erosion. The Atacama flooding has broad implications in the context of hazard reduction, erosion of contaminated legacy mine tailings, and the Atacama's status as a terrestrial analog for Mars.
GPS velocities and the construction of the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes
Authors: Mora‐Páez Héctor , Mencin David J. , Molnar Peter , Diederix Hans , Cardona‐Piedrahita Leonardo , Peláez‐Gaviria Juan‐Ramón , Corchuelo‐Cuervo Yuli
Published: July 2016

GPS velocities across the northeast trending Eastern Cordillera of Colombia show oblique convergence at 8.8 ± 1.7 mm/yr, consisting of 8.0 ± 1.7 mm/yr of right‐lateral strike‐slip shear along the mountain range and 3.7 ± 0.3 mm/yr of northwest southeast shortening. Faster convergence occurs only at the northeast end of the Cordillera, where its eastern edge trends northwest and the highest mountains lie. The strike‐slip shear corroborates geologic work suggesting such movement southwest and northeast of the range. Given the ~200 km width of the Eastern Cordillera, the ~100–150 km of crustal shortening inferred from balanced cross sections and implied by recent estimates of crustal thickness would require ~25–40 Myr of shortening at ~4 mm/yr. The present‐day GPS measurements, therefore, are inconsistent with the inference, based on paleobotanical observations that the entire Eastern Cordillera rose 1500–2500 m since 3–6 Ma and called for a different interpretation of those data.
Magnetoresistance Amplification Effect in Silicon Transistor Device
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Dezheng , Si Mingsu , Wang Fangcong , Zhou Shiming , Xue Desheng
Published: July 2016

Large magnetoresistance discovered in nonmagnetic semiconductors offers an alternative route to renew magnetoelectronics without ferromagnets. However, it is still a great challenge to retain such large magnetoresistance under low magnetic fields. In this work, analogous to current amplification in the transistor, a magnetoresistance amplification effect is proposed in silicon transistor device, where the device current is significantly controlled by magnetic‐field‐manipulated coupling of two p–n junctions in transistor. As a direct consequence, large magnetoresistance of 50 000% with high sensitivity of 50% Oe‐1 is yielded at magnetic field of only 0.1 T. The results not only provide here a new proposal compatible with current semiconductor technology to achieve large magntoresistance at low magnetic field, but also realize magnetic‐field‐manipulated transistor, which is a step for magnetoelectronics.
Micropatterning of the Ferroelectric Phase in a Poly(vinylidene difluoride) Film by Plasmonic Heating with Gold Nanocages
Authors: Li Jianhua , Yang Miaoxin , Sun Xiaojun , Yang Xuan , Xue JiaJia , Zhu Chunlei , Liu Hong , Xia Younan
Published: July 2016

Polymer thin films with patterned ferroelectric domains are attractive for a broad range of applications, including the fabrication of tactile sensors, infrared detectors, and non‐volatile memories. Herein, we report the use of gold nanocages (AuNCs) as plasmonic nanostructures to induce a ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film by leveraging its photothermal effect. This technique allows us to generate patterned domains of ferroelectric PVDF within just a few seconds. The incorporation of AuNCs significantly enhances the pyroelectric response of the ferroelectric film under near‐infrared irradiation. We also demonstrate the use of such patterned ferroelectric films for near‐infrared sensing/imaging.
Effect of in situ apatite on performance of collagen fiber film for food packaging applications
Authors: Wang Wenhang , Liu Yaowei , Liu Anjun , Zhao Yana , Chen Xin
Published: July 2016

This study attempted to prepare apatite in situ in acid‐swollen cowhide collagen film by an ammonia gas fumigating method and assess its reinforcement effect on a collagen fiber film for food packaging applications. The X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the successful synthesis of apatite in collagen fiber films. SEM images showed that tiny apatite particles appeared as a coating on the film surface and also made the film's inner structure more compact and less porous than pure collagen fiber film. Apatite significantly (p < 0.05) increased the tensile strength and improved the water vapor barrier and water insolubility properties of collagen fiber film. Moreover, the thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed that the thermal stability of collagen was improved with the increasing apatite. The in situ–synthesized apatite provided a practical reinforcement approach to improving the collagen fiber film's performance and benefited its application as a food packaging material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44154.
Oxime crosslinked polymer networks: Is every reversible covalent bond suitable to create self‐healing polymers?
Authors: Kuhl Natascha , Abend Marcus , Bode Stefan , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hager Martin D.
Published: July 2016

The incorporation of reversible covalent bonds into polymeric materials offers the possibility to generate polymers with self‐healing ability. For this purpose, three new oxime crosslinkers are synthesized and crosslinked by the copolymerization with different commercially available methacrylates via a photo‐polymerization process. These crosslinked materials are investigated regarding a potential self‐healing behavior. Moreover, the influence of different additives (polymerizable acids, photo acids, and acid developers) to enable self‐healing is studied in detail. Thereby, the limit of self‐healing based on reversible covalent bonds is reached in these materials. Due to the high stability of the oxime bonds in bulk materials no exchange reactions as well as no self‐healing behavior could be observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44168.
Zwitterionic‐polymer‐functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) nanofiber membrane for resistance to the adsorption of bacteria and protein
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Lu Ying , Luo Mengying , Zhao Qinghua , Wang Yuedan , Liu Qiongzhen , Li Mufang , Wang Dong
Published: July 2016

A zwitterionic poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) (PVA‐co‐PE) nanofiber membrane for resistance to bacteria and protein adsorption was fabricated by the atom transfer radical polymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA). The PVA‐co‐PE nanofiber membrane was first surface‐activated by α‐bromoisobutyryl bromide, and then, zwitterionic SBMA was initiated to polymerize onto the surface of nanofiber membrane. The chemical structures of the functionalized PVA‐co‐PE nanofiber membranes were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphologies of the PVA‐co‐PE nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) was successfully grafted onto the PVA‐co‐PE nanofiber membrane, and the surface of the nanofiber membrane was more hydrophilic than that of the pristine membrane. Furthermore, the antibacterial adsorption properties and resistance to protein adsorption of the surface were investigated. This indicated that the PSBMA‐functionalized surface possessed good antibacterial adsorption activity and resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption. Therefore, this study afforded a convenient and promising method for preparing a new kind of soft and nonwoven dressing material with antibacterial adsorption and antifouling properties that has potential use in the medical field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44169.
Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene with Different Acceptor Units for Tuning Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Keerthi Ashok , Hou Ian Cheng‐Yi , Marszalek Tomasz , Pisula Wojciech , Baumgarten Martin , Narita Akimitsu
Published: July 2016

Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC)‐based donor–acceptor dyads were synthesized with three different acceptor units, through two pathways: 1) “pre‐functionalization” of monobromo‐substituted hexaphenylbenzene prior to the cyclodehydrogenation; and 2) “post‐functionalization” of monobromo‐substituted HBC after the cyclodehydrogenation. The HBC–acceptor dyads demonstrated varying degrees of intramolecular charge‐transfer interactions, depending on the attached acceptor units, which allowed tuning of their photophysical and optoelectronic properties, including the energy gaps. The two synthetic pathways described here can be complementary and potentially be applied for the synthesis of nanographene–acceptor dyads with larger aromatic cores, including one‐dimensionally extended graphene nanoribbons.
Electrochemical Preparation of Ru/Co Bi‐layered Catalysts on Ti Substrates for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Jin Yeong , Park Hyanjoo , Kim Hoyoung , Hwang Eunkyoung , Ahn Sang Hyun , Kim Soo‐Kil
Published: July 2016

Ru/Co/Ti catalysts prepared by two‐step electrodeposition and subsequent annealing were applied to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during acidic water electrolysis. The Co interlayers, which were electrodeposited for varying deposition times, strongly affected the morphology of the Ru/Co/Ti catalysts after annealing. Cracks and rolled‐up parts appeared, and Co oxide nanowalls became attached to the Ru surface. During the initial stages of the OER, a synergetic effect was observed between Ru and the Co oxides. The Ru/Co/Ti catalyst demonstrated approximately three to four‐fold higher activity than the Co interlayer‐free Ru/Ti catalyst.
Do androgen deprivation and the biologically equivalent dose matter in low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer?
Authors: Tabata Ryuji , Kimura Takahiro , Kuruma Hidetoshi , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kido Masahito , Miki Kenta , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Aoki Manabu , Egawa Shin
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the biologically equivalent dose (BED) on treatment outcomes after iodine‐125 low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (LDR‐BT) with or without supplemental external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for intermediate‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). We retrospectively evaluated 292 Japanese patients. The impact of the BED and ADT on treatment outcomes was investigated. Cox proportional hazard models were used for univariate and multivariate analysis with biological progression‐free survival (bPFS) and clinical progression‐free survival (cPFS) as the primary outcome measures. The median follow‐up was 66 months. The bPFS and cPFS rates at 5‐/7‐years were 91.6/87.7% and 95.9/94.0%, respectively. When stratified by BED levels, the bPFS rates at 5‐/7‐years were 92.1/89.3% for <178.0 Gy2, and 91.2/86.0% for ≥178.0 Gy2, respectively (P > 0.05). Based on ADT duration, the bPFS rates at 5‐/7‐years were 89.8/83.5%, 89.7/89.7%, and 97.5/97.5% for none, 1–3 months, and 4–12 months, respectively (P = 0.03). For the univariate analysis, the use of ADT and its duration were significant predictors for bPFS, whereas BED was not significant. A multivariate analysis did not indicate the use of ADT itself was significant, however, when covariates were accounted for by the duration of ADT, the longer use of ADT was found to significantly improve bPFS. Although cPFS was associated neither with the BED levels nor ADT duration (P > 0.05), ADT duration had a trend of improving cPFS (P = 0.053). The higher levels of BED did not significantly impact bPFS for intermediate‐risk PCa after LDR‐BT with or without supplemental EBRT and ADT. The longer duration of ADT could provide an additional benefit in the context of high‐dose irradiation generated by LDR‐BT.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Traceless C−H Functionalization Using an N−N Bond as an Internal Oxidant
Authors: Zhou Shuguang , Wang Jinhu , Chen Pei , Chen Kehao , Zhu Jin
Published: July 2016

A previously elusive RuII‐catalyzed N−N bond‐based traceless C−H functionalization strategy is reported. An N‐amino (i.e., hydrazine) group is used for the directed C−H functionalization with either an alkyne or an alkene, affording an indole derivative or olefination product. The synthesis features a broad substrate scope, superior atom and step economy, as well as mild reaction conditions.
Stress Cardiac MRI in Women With Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mauricio Rina , Srichai Monvadi B. , Axel Leon , Hochman Judith S. , Reynolds Harmony R.
Published: July 2016

Background

In a prospective study, cardiac MRI (CMR) and intravascular ultrasound were performed in women with myocardial infarction (MI) and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA). Forty participants underwent adenosine‐stress CMR (sCMR).

Hypothesis

Abnormal perfusion may co‐localize with ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T2‐weighted signal hyperintensity (T2+), suggesting microvascular dysfunction contributed to MI.

Methods

Qualitative perfusion analysis was performed by 2 independent readers. Abnormal myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) was defined as global average ≤1.84.

Results

Abnormal rest perfusion was present in 10 patients (25%) and stress perfusion abnormalities in 25 (63%). Abnormal stress perfusion was not associated with LGE but tended to occur with T2+. Among patients with abnormal perfusion and LGE, the LGE pattern was ischemic in half. The locations of abnormal perfusion and LGE matched in 75%, T2+ in 100%. Abnormal stress perfusion was not associated with plaque disruption and matched in location in 63%. MPRI was abnormal in 10 patients (25%) and was not associated with LGE, T2+ or plaque disruption.

Conclusions

Abnormal perfusion on sCMR is common among women with MINOCA. Abnormal perfusion usually co‐localized with LGE and/or T2+ when present. Variability in LGE pattern leads to uncertainty about whether the finding of abnormal perfusion was cause or consequence of the tissue state leading to LGE. Low MPRI, possibly indicating diffuse microvascular disease, was observed with and without LGE and T2+. Multiple mechanisms may lead to abnormal perfusion on sCMR. Microvascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of and coexist with other causes of MINOCA.
Similar Impact of Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor on Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation
Authors: Oh Minyoung , Lee Cheol Whan , Lee Hyo Sang , Chang Mineok , Ahn Jung‐Min , Park Duk‐Woo , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Moon Dae Hyuk , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung
Published: July 2016

Background

Platelets play an important role in inflammation. Inhibitors of the P2Y12
receptor, which is involved in platelet activation, may have a direct effect on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.

Hypothesis

We compared the effects of clopidogrel and ticagrelor therapy for carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation using
18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (
18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Methods

Fifty patients with acute coronary syndrome and ≥1
18FDG uptake in the carotid artery (target‐to‐background ratio [TBR] ≥1.6) were randomized to either clopidogrel or ticagrelor groups. Of these, 46 completed PET examinations at baseline and at 6 months. The primary endpoint was the percent change in TBR of the index vessel at the most diseased segment (MDS).

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. At 6‐month follow‐up, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and C‐reactive protein significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.001). The TBR of the index vessel and aorta significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.01). The percent change in the MDS TBR of the index vessel was numerically but not significantly lower in the clopidogrel group than in the ticagrelor group (−9.5 ± 14.6% vs −13.5 ± 19.3%; P = 0.427). Likewise, the percent change in the whole‐vessel TBR of the index vessel was not different between the 2 groups (P = 0.166). Similar findings were observed for changes in the MDS TBR (P = 0.412) or whole‐vessel TBR of the aorta (P = 0.363).

Conclusions

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation significantly decreases to a similar degree following 6 months of either clopidogrel or ticagrelor treatment.
TP53 mutations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: Clinicomolecular characteristics, response to therapy, and outcomes
Authors: Kadia Tapan M. , Jain Preetesh , Ravandi Farhad , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Andreef Michael , Takahashi Koichi , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Konopleva Marina , Daver Naval G. , Dinardo Courtney , Pierce Sherry , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Patel Keyur , Estrov Zeev , Cortes Jorge , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND

Mutations in the tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene predict a poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

METHODS

Peripheral blood or bone marrow samples from 293 patients with newly diagnosed AML were analyzed with targeted, amplicon‐based, next‐generation sequencing‐based mutation analysis.

RESULTS

TP53 mutations were identified in 53 patients (18%; 45 were missense mutations). In 13 of the 53 patients, the most common pattern of amino acid substitution was a substitution of arginine to histidine on different codons. The clinical characteristics, pattern of mutations, response to different therapies, and outcomes of patients with AML‐TP53–mutated (n = 53) versus wild‐type TP53 (n = 240) were compared. TP53 mutations were significantly more likely in patients who had a complex karyotype; abnormalities of chromosome 5, 7, and 17; and therapy‐related AML. Patients who had TP53‐mutated AML had significantly lower incidence of mutations in Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), rat sarcoma (RAS), and nucleophosmin (NPM1) and higher incidence of coexisting MPL mutations compared with those who had wild type TP53. The distribution of TP53 mutations was equal for both age groups (ages <60 years vs ≥60 years). TP53‐mutated AML was associated with a lower complete remission rate (41% vs 57%; P = .04), a significantly inferior complete remission duration (at 2 years: 30% vs 55%; P = .001), and overall survival (at 2 years: 9% vs 24%; P ≤ .0001) irrespective of age or the type of treatment received (high‐intensity vs low‐intensity chemotherapy).

CONCLUSIONS

The type of treatment received did not improve outcomes in younger or older patients with TP53‐mutated AML. These data suggest that novel therapies are needed to improve the outcome of patients with AML who have TP53 mutations. Cancer 2016;122:3484–3491. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Track fusion based on threshold factor classification algorithm in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Xiang , Wang Tao , Chen Shiyang , Fan Renhao , Xu Yang , Wang Weike , Li Hongge , Xia Tongsheng
Published: July 2016

Traditional tracking classification algorithm has been widely applied to target tracking in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, focusing on the accuracy of target tracking in wireless sensor networks, we propose an improved threshold factor track classification algorithm. The algorithm extracts the motion model according to the intrinsic properties of the target. It updates the iterative center according to the real‐time motion state of the moving target and timely filters out the weak correlated or uncorrelated data. In order to show the improved threshold factor classification algorithm is more effective, we compare the proposed algorithm with the classification algorithm based on the Euclidean distance comprehensive function. Experimental results show that through the proposed algorithm, the mean error and variance in the direction of x/y/z have been reduced to a certain extent, and the computation time consumed is also reduced. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of cylindroma of scalp: A case report
Authors: Pal Subrata , Bose Kingshuk , Sikder Mrinal , Chowdhury Manaj
Published: July 2016

Cylindromas are uncommon benign adnexal tumor. Multiple cylindromas are commonly genetically inherited and also known as “turban tumor.” Cytology of dermal cylindroma is rarely discussed in previous literature. We have diagnosed a case of dermal cylindroma of scalp in an elderly female patient by fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion and further confirmation was done by histopathology. Cytology consists of many clusters of small round to oval basaloid cells surrounded and attached with magenta coloured acellular hyaline material. The cells have very scanty cytoplasm and dark, round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei without any nuclear membrane irregularity. Histopathology revealed nests of tumor cells separated by dense pink, PAS positive basement membrane material with a jigsaw puzzle appearance. Cytology of cylindroma should be differentiated from adenoid cystic carcinoma and other benign adnexal tumor like spiradenoma. We have discussed the case of cylindroma of scalp diagnosed by cytology and confirmed by histopathology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1082–1084. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution in the Chinese Diabetes Society Standards of Care for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Weng Jianping
Published: July 2016

China has been experiencing the biggest shift in the world in diabetes and obesity epidemic over the past three decades. Chinese Diabetes Society developed and published four editions of stand of care for type 2 diabetes management as clinical guidance for practice in China in the last twelve years. During the development and implementation of guidelines, the keyword is ‘evolution’, which includes evolution of evidence, expertise, excellence and endpoints. It will be a complete quality improvement cycle starting with ‘understanding the situation’ and ending with ‘tipping points of diabetes in primary prevention (prevalence), secondary prevention (diabetic complications) and tertiary prevention (diabetes‐related death)’. This series of ‘Stand of care for type 2 diabetes’ allows for a fundamental understanding into the ways in which the domino effects of the epidemic could be curbed. More work for doing with ‘Mens et Manus’ will be carried out in the near future. This English version will be useful for the international scientific community to glean insights into type 2 diabetes management practices in China, and alternative methods of tackling challenges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate influences on whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Authors: Buotte Polly C. , Hicke Jeffrey A. , Preisler Haiganoush K. , Abatzoglou John T. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Logan Jesse A.
Published: July 2016

Extensive mortality of whitebark pine, beginning in the early to mid‐2000s, occurred in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) of the westernUSA, primarily from mountain pine beetle but also from other threats such as white pine blister rust. The climatic drivers of this recent mortality and the potential for future whitebark pine mortality from mountain pine beetle are not well understood, yet are important considerations in whether to list whitebark pine as a threatened or endangered species. We sought to increase the understanding of climate influences on mountain pine beetle outbreaks in whitebark pine forests, which are less well understood than in lodgepole pine, by quantifying climate–beetle relationships, analyzing climate influences during the recent outbreak, and estimating the suitability of future climate for beetle outbreaks. We developed a statistical model of the probability of whitebark pine mortality in theGYEthat included temperature effects on beetle development and survival, precipitation effects on host tree condition, beetle population size, and stand characteristics. Estimated probability of whitebark pine mortality increased with higher winter minimum temperature, indicating greater beetle winter survival; higher fall temperature, indicating synchronous beetle emergence; lower two‐year summer precipitation, indicating increased potential for host tree stress; increasing beetle populations; stand age; and increasing percent composition of whitebark pine within a stand. The recent outbreak occurred during a period of higher‐than‐normal regional winter temperatures, suitable fall temperatures, and low summer precipitation. In contrast to lodgepole pine systems, area with mortality was linked to precipitation variability even at high beetle populations. Projections from climate models indicate future climate conditions will likely provide favorable conditions for beetle outbreaks within nearly all current whitebark pine habitat in theGYEby the middle of this century. Therefore, when surviving and regenerating trees reach ages suitable for beetle attack, there is strong potential for continued whitebark pine mortality due to mountain pine beetle.
Do multiple fires interact to affect vegetation structure in temperate eucalypt forests?
Authors: Haslem Angie , Leonard Steve W. J. , Bruce Matthew J. , Christie Fiona , Holland Greg J. , Kelly Luke T. , MacHunter Josephine , Bennett Andrew F. , Clarke Michael F. , York Alan
Published: July 2016

Fire plays an important role in structuring vegetation in fire‐prone regions worldwide. Progress has been made towards documenting the effects of individual fire events and fire regimes on vegetation structure; less is known of how different fire history attributes (e.g., time since fire, fire frequency) interact to affect vegetation. Using the temperate eucalypt foothill forests of southeastern Australia as a case study system, we examine two hypotheses about such interactions: (1) post‐fire vegetation succession (e.g., time‐since‐fire effects) is influenced by other fire regime attributes and (2) the severity of the most recent fire overrides the effect of preceding fires on vegetation structure. Empirical data on vegetation structure were collected from 540 sites distributed across central and eastern Victoria, Australia. Linear mixed models were used to examine these hypotheses and determine the relative influence of fire and environmental attributes on vegetation structure. Fire history measures, particularly time since fire, affected several vegetation attributes including ground and canopy strata; others such as low and sub‐canopy vegetation were more strongly influenced by environmental characteristics like rainfall. There was little support for the hypothesis that post‐fire succession is influenced by fire history attributes other than time since fire; only canopy regeneration was influenced by another variable (fire type, representing severity). Our capacity to detect an overriding effect of the severity of the most recent fire was limited by a consistently weak effect of preceding fires on vegetation structure. Overall, results suggest the primary way that fire affects vegetation structure in foothill forests is via attributes of the most recent fire, both its severity and time since its occurrence; other attributes of fire regimes (e.g., fire interval, frequency) have less influence. The strong effect of environmental drivers, such as rainfall and topography, on many structural features show that foothill forest vegetation is also influenced by factors outside human control. While fire is amenable to human management, results suggest that at broad scales, structural attributes of these forests are relatively resilient to the effects of current fire regimes. Nonetheless, the potential for more frequent severe fires at short intervals, associated with a changing climate and/or fire management, warrant further consideration.
Female fecundity traits in wild populations of African annual fish: the role of the aridity gradient
Authors: Vrtílek Milan , Reichard Martin
Published: July 2016

The evolution of life history is shaped by life expectancy. Life‐history traits coevolve, and optimal states for particular traits are constrained by trade‐offs with other life‐history traits. Life histories contrast among species, but may also diverge intraspecifically, at the level of populations. We studied the evolution of female reproductive allocation strategy, using natural populations of two sympatric species of African annual fishes, Nothobranchius furzeri and Nothobranchius orthonotus. These species inhabit pools in the Mozambican savanna that are formed in the rainy season and persist for only 2–10 months. Using 207 female N. furzeri from 11 populations and 243 female N. orthonotus from 14 populations, we tested the effects of genetic background (intraspecific lineage) and life expectancy (position on the aridity gradient determining maximum duration of their temporary habitat) on female fecundity traits. First, we found that variation in female body mass was small within populations, but varied considerably among populations. Second, we found that fecundity was largely defined by female body mass and that females spawned most of their eggs in the morning. Third, we found that the trade‐off between egg size and egg number varied among lineages of N. furzeri and this outcome has been confirmed by data from two separate years. Overall, we demonstrate that local conditions were important determinants for Nothobranchius growth and fecundity and that eggs size in arid region was less limited by female fecundity than in humid region.
Influence of climate drivers on colonization and extinction dynamics of wetland‐dependent species
Authors: Ray Andrew M. , Gould William R. , Hossack Blake R. , Sepulveda Adam J. , Thoma David P. , Patla Debra A. , Daley Rob , Al‐Chokhachy Robert
Published: July 2016

Freshwater wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Specifically, changes in temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (i.e., climate drivers) are likely to alter flooding regimes of wetlands and affect the vital rates, abundance, and distributions of wetland‐dependent species. Amphibians may be among the most climate‐sensitive wetland‐dependent groups, as many species rely on shallow or intermittently flooded wetland habitats for breeding. Here, we integrated multiple years of high‐resolution gridded climate and amphibian monitoring data from Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks to explicitly model how variations in climate drivers and habitat conditions affect the occurrence and breeding dynamics (i.e., annual extinction and colonization rates) of amphibians. Our results showed that models incorporating climate drivers outperformed models of amphibian breeding dynamics that were exclusively habitat based. Moreover, climate‐driven variation in extinction rates, but not colonization rates, disproportionately influenced amphibian occupancy in monitored wetlands. Long‐term monitoring from national parks coupled with high‐resolution climate data sets will be crucial to describing population dynamics and characterizing the sensitivity of amphibians and other wetland‐dependent species to climate change. Further, long‐term monitoring of wetlands in national parks will help reduce uncertainty surrounding wetland resources and strengthen opportunities to make informed, science‐based decisions that have far‐reaching benefits.