bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Melting Point Profile of Organic Molecules: A Chemoinformatic Approach
Authors: Carrera Gonçalo V. S. M.
Published: October 2022

The combination of the generical molecular maps of atom‐level properties (MOLMAPs) encoding approach and the Random Forest algorithm (RF) is applied in order to model, predict, and interpret the structural motifs responsible for a certain organic molecule's melting point (mp) profile. A high‐quality database is used for model build‐up and evaluation of predictive ability. The obtained results for the complete independent test set (R2 = 0.811, MAE = 31.99 K, RMS = 43.98 K) are comparable or better than reference works. The form of codification represents implicitly the structure of a given molecule and highlights the interactions responsible for a certain melting point profile. This generical encoding approach groups different structural motifs based on its calculated atomic‐based properties leading to good predictive ability for structurally different chemical systems not contained in the training set.
Emerging Computational Methods in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Hu Hang , Laskin Julia
Published: October 2022

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical technique that generates maps of hundreds of molecules in biological samples with high sensitivity and molecular specificity. Advanced MSI platforms with capability of high‐spatial resolution and high‐throughput acquisition generate vast amount of data, which necessitates the development of computational tools for MSI data analysis. In addition, computation‐driven MSI experiments have recently emerged as enabling technologies for further improving the MSI capabilities with little or no hardware modification. This review provides a critical summary of computational methods and resources developed for MSI data analysis and interpretation along with computational approaches for improving throughput and molecular coverage in MSI experiments. This review is focused on the recently developed artificial intelligence methods and provides an outlook for a future paradigm shift in MSI with transformative computational methods.
Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy: Nanoformulation Engineering and Clinical Translation
Authors: Yu Meihua , Yang Wei , Yue Wenwen , Chen Yu
Published: October 2022

With the rapid growth of advanced nanoengineering strategies, there are great implications for therapeutic immunostimulators formulated in nanomaterials to combat cancer. It is crucial to direct immunostimulators to the right tissue and specific immune cells at the right time, thereby orchestrating the desired, potent, and durable immune response against cancer. The flexibility of nanoformulations in size, topology, softness, and multifunctionality allows precise regulation of nano‐immunological activities for enhanced therapeutic effect. To grasp the modulation of immune response, research efforts are needed to understand the interactions of immune cells at lymph organs and tumor tissues, where the nanoformulations guide the immunostimulators to function on tissue specific subsets of immune cells. In this review, recent advanced nanoformulations targeting specific subset of immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells are summarized and discussed, and clinical development of nano‐paradigms for targeted cancer immunotherapy is highlighted. Here the focus is on the targeting nanoformulations that can passively or actively target certain immune cells by overcoming the physiobiological barriers, instead of directly injecting into tissues. The opportunities and remaining obstacles for the clinical translation of immune cell targeting nanoformulations in cancer therapy are also discussed.
Fungal assisted bio‐treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates
Authors: Chaurasia Pankaj Kumar , Nagraj  , Sharma Nagendra , Kumari Sunita , Yadav Mithu , Singh Sunita , Mani Ashutosh , Yadava Sudha , Bharati Shashi Lata
Published: October 2022

In the present time of speedy developments and industrialization, heavy metals are being uncovered in aquatic environment and soil via refining, electroplating, processing, mining, metallurgical activities, dyeing and other several metallic and metal based industrial and synthetic activities. Heavy metals like lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), and many other are considered as seriously noxious and toxic for the aquatic environment, human, and other aquatic lives and have damaging influences. Such heavy metals, which are very tough to be degraded, can be managed by reducing their potential through various processes like removal, precipitation, oxidation–reduction, bio‐sorption, recovery, bioaccumulation, bio‐mineralization etc. Microbes are known as talented bio‐agents for the heavy metals detoxification process and fungi are one of the cherished bio‐sources that show noteworthy aptitude of heavy metal sorption and metal tolerance. Thus, the main objective of the authors was to come with a comprehensive review having methodological insights on the novel and recent results in the field of mycoremediation of heavy metals. This review significantly assesses the potential talent of fungi in heavy metal detoxification and thus, in environmental restoration. Many reported works, methodologies and mechanistic sights have been evaluated to explore the fungal‐assisted heavy metal remediation. Herein, a compact and effectual discussion on the recent mycoremediation studies of organic pollutants like dyes, petroleum, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and pharmaceutical wastes have also been presented.
Brain‐targeted exosome‐mimetic cell membrane nanovesicles with therapeutic oligonucleotides elicit anti‐tumor effects in glioblastoma animal models
Authors: Lee Youngki , Kim Minkyung , Ha Junkyu , Lee Minhyung
Published: October 2022

The brain‐targeted delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides has been investigated as a new treatment modality for various brain diseases, such as brain tumors. However, delivery efficiency into the brain has been limited due to the blood–brain barrier. In this research, brain‐targeted exosome‐mimetic cell membrane nanovesicles (CMNVs) were designed to enhance the delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides into the brain. First, CMNVs were produced by extrusion with isolated C6 cell membrane fragments. Then, CMNVs were decorated with cholesterol‐linked T7 peptides as a targeting ligand by hydrophobic interaction, producing T7‐CMNV. T7‐CMNV was in aqueous solution maintained its nanoparticle size for over 21 days. The targeting and delivery effects of T7‐CMNVs were evaluated in an orthotopic glioblastoma animal model. 2′‐O‐metyl and cholesterol‐TEG modified anti‐microRNA‐21 oligonucleotides (AMO21c) were loaded into T7‐CMNVs, and biodistribution experiments indicated that T7‐CMNVs delivered AMO21c more efficiently into the brain than CMNVs, scrambled T7‐CMNVs, lipofectamine, and naked AMO21c after systemic administration. In addition, AMO21c down‐regulated miRNA‐21 (miR‐21) levels in glioblastoma tissue most efficiently in the T7‐CMNVs group. This enhanced suppression of miR‐21 resulted in the up‐regulation of PDCD4 and PTEN. Eventually, brain tumor size was reduced in the T7‐CMNVs group more efficiently than in the other control groups. With stability, low toxicity, and targeting efficiency, T7‐CMNVs may be useful to the development of oligonucleotide therapy for brain tumors.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of CC‐90001 (BMS‐986360), a c‐Jun N‐terminal Kinase Inhibitor, in Phase 1 Studies in Healthy Participants
Authors: Ye Ying , Gaudy Allison , Thomas Michael , Reyes Josephine , Burkhardt Barbara , Horan Gerald , Liu Liangang , Chen Jian , Ghosh Atalanta , Carayannopoulos Leonidas N. , Tatosian Daniel A. , Palmisano Maria
Published: October 2022

CC‐90001 selectively inhibits c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), a stress‐activated protein implicated in fibrosis. In 3 phase 1 trials evaluating CC‐90001 pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety, healthy adults (N = 184) received oral CC‐90001 in a single dose (10–720 mg) or multiple doses (30–480 mg once daily for 7–18 days) or placebo. CC‐90001 was rapidly absorbed (median time to maximum concentration, 1–4 hours) and eliminated with a mean terminal elimination half‐life of 12–28 hours. Steady state was reached on day 5, with a mean accumulation ratio of 1.5‐ to 2‐fold following daily dosing. Exposure was similar in fed versus fasted participants and in Japanese versus non‐Japanese participants. CC‐90001 demonstrated dose‐ and exposure‐dependent inhibition of JNK as determined by histopathological analysis of c‐Jun phosphorylation in ultraviolet‐irradiated skin. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were nausea and headache; all were mild or moderate in intensity. Based on exposure‐response analysis using high‐quality electrocardiogram data, no clinically relevant QT prolongation liability for CC‐90001 was observed. Overall, single‐ and multiple‐dose CC‐90001 were generally safe and well tolerated at the tested doses and demonstrated JNK pathway engagement. These results support further clinical evaluation of CC‐90001.
A multi‐queue priority‐based task scheduling algorithm in fog computing environment
Authors: Fahad Muhammad , Shojafar Mohammad , Abbas Mubashir , Ahmed Israr , Ijaz Humaira
Published: October 2022

Fog computing is a novel, decentralized and heterogeneous computing environment that extends the traditional cloud computing systems by facilitating task processing near end‐users on computing resources called fog nodes. These diverse and resource‐constrained fog devices process a large volume of tasks generated by various fog applications. These tasks are generated by various applications, some of which may be latency‐sensitive, while others may tolerate some degree of delay in their normal functions. Task scheduling determines when a task should be allocated to a computing resource and how long that task can occupy the assigned resource. The majority of task scheduling algorithms focus on prioritizing the latency‐sensitive tasks only, which results in the long waiting time for the other type of tasks. Hence, these priority‐based schedulers cause task starvation for less important tasks while achieving delay‐optimal results for latency‐sensitive tasks. As a result, in this paper, we propose MQP, a multi‐queue priority‐based preemptive task scheduling approach that achieves a balanced task allocation for those applications that can tolerate a certain amount of processing delay and the latency‐sensitive fog applications. At run‐time, the MQP algorithm categorizes tasks as short and long based on their burst time. MQP algorithm maintains a separate task queue for each task category and dynamically updates the time slot value for preemption. The proposed technique's major purpose is to reduce response time for those data‐intensive applications in the fog computing environment, which include both latency‐sensitive tasks and tasks which are less latency‐sensitive, thereby addressing the starvation problem for less latency‐sensitive tasks. A smart traffic management case study is created to model a scenario with both latency‐sensitive short and less latency‐sensitive long tasks. We implement the MQP algorithm using iFogSim and confirm that it reduces the service latencies for long tasks. Simulation results show that the MQP algorithm allocates tasks to a fog device more efficiently and reduces the service latencies for long tasks. The average value of percentage reduction in the latency across all experimental configurations achieved is 22.68% and 38.45% in comparison to First Come‐First Serve and shortest job first algorithms.
CDK12 orchestrates super‐enhancer‐associated CCDC137 transcription to direct hepatic metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Dai Wei , Wu Junhong , Peng Xiaopeng , Hou Wen , Huang Hao , Cheng Qilai , Liu Zhiping , Luyten Walter , Schoofs Liliane , Zhou Jingfeng , Liu Shenglan
Published: October 2022

Background

Hepatic metastasis is the primary and direct cause of death in individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) attribute to lack of effective therapeutic targets. The present study aimed to identify potential druggable candidate targets for patients with liver metastatic CRC.

Methods

The transcriptional profiles of super‐enhancers (SEs) in primary and liver metastatic CRC were evaluated in publicly accessible CRC datasets. Immunohistochemistry of human CRC tissues was conducted to determine the expression level of CDK12. Cellular proliferation, survival and stemness were examined upon CDK12 inhibition by shCDK12 or a selective CDK12 inhibitor named SR‐4835 with multiple in vitro and in vivo assays. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of CDK12 inhibition in CRC cells.

Results

We identified CDK12 as a driver gene for direct hepatic metastasis in CRC. Suppression of CDK12 led to robust inhibition of proliferation, survival and stemness. Mechanistically, CDK12 intervention preferentially repressed the transcription of SE‐associated genes. Integration of the SE landscape and RNA sequencing, BCL2L1 and CCDC137 were identified as SE‐associated oncogenic genes to strengthen the abilities of cellular survival, proliferation and stemness, eventually increasing liver metastasis of CRC.

Conclusions

Our data highlight the potential of CDK12 and SE‐associated oncogenic transcripts as therapeutic targets for patients with liver metastatic CRC.
Effect of atmospheric pressure pulsed discharge spatial inhomogeneity on Ar I and H I lines: Electron number density study
Authors: Jovović Jovica , Majstorović Gordana Lj.
Published: October 2022

The spatial inhomogeneity of pulsed atmospheric pressure discharge in argon is investigated using the electron number density Ne diagnostics procedure applied to asymmetrically broadened Ar I lines. A dedicated fitting procedure is used for describing Ar I 703.0 nm line shape recorded from argon gas discharge and H I (at 486.13 and 656.28 nm) lines recorded from Ar‐H2 gas mixture discharge. The results revealed the change in Ne in both axial and radial directions. The additional Ar I lines at 614.5, 710.7, 731.2, and 731.6 nm, recorded from integral spatial radiation, are analysed as well to confirm the results from the plasma column region. The possibility of using AlO (B2∑+–X2∑+) and CN (B2∑+–X2∑+) molecular bands for gas temperature Tg measurements in this type of gas discharge source is demonstrated and Tg used as an input parameter for the Ne diagnostics procedure. For the proper identification of molecular band spectral lines, the Fortrat parabolas are constructed. The results obtained from Ar I 703.0 nm line indicate three different Ne values, with Ne1 ≈ 0.6 × 1016 cm−3, Ne2 ≈ 3.6 × 1016 cm−3, and Ne3 ≈ 19 × 1016 cm−3 measured from the plasma column. These Ne values increase in the cathode and anode region.
Prediction of the information processing speed performance in multiple sclerosis using a machine learning approach in a large multicenter magnetic resonance imaging data set
Authors: Marzi Chiara , d'Ambrosio Alessandro , Diciotti Stefano , Bisecco Alvino , Altieri Manuela , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta , Storelli Loredana , Pantano Patrizia , Tommasin Silvia , Cortese Rosa , De Stefano Nicola , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Gallo Antonio ,   the INNI Network
Published: October 2022

Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience information processing speed (IPS) deficits, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has been recommended as a valid screening test. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has markedly improved the understanding of the mechanisms associated with cognitive deficits in MS. However, which structural MRI markers are the most closely related to cognitive performance is still unclear. We used the multicenter 3T‐MRI data set of the Italian Neuroimaging Network Initiative to extract multimodal data (i.e., demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and structural MRIs) of 540 MS patients. We aimed to assess, through machine learning techniques, the contribution of brain MRI structural volumes in the prediction of IPS deficits when combined with demographic and clinical features. We trained and tested the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model following a rigorous validation scheme to obtain reliable generalization performance. We carried out a classification and a regression task based on SDMT scores feeding each model with different combinations of features. For the classification task, the model trained with thalamus, cortical gray matter, hippocampus, and lesions volumes achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.74. For the regression task, the model trained with cortical gray matter and thalamus volumes, EDSS, nucleus accumbens, lesions, and putamen volumes, and age reached a mean absolute error of 0.95. In conclusion, our results confirmed that damage to cortical gray matter and relevant deep and archaic gray matter structures, such as the thalamus and hippocampus, is among the most relevant predictors of cognitive performance in MS.
Comparison of propeller flaps versus skin grafts for coverage of osteocutaneous fibula free flap donor site defects
Authors: Kaleem Arshad , Patel Neel , Schubert Enrique , Stanbouly Dani , Shanti Rabie , Tursun Ramzey
Published: October 2022

Background

Authors compare use of propeller flaps versus skin grafts in defect coverage after fibula flap harvest.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of patients who received either PFPF or STSG. Primary predictor variable was technique, and secondary predictor variables were comorbidities. Primary outcome variable was flap/graft healing, and secondary outcome variables were cosmesis, adverse events, effect on activities of daily living (ADLs), pain, additional procedures, and cost. Statistical analysis performed via independent sample t tests, ANOVA, and χ2 tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Study sample was 50 patients. PFPFs showed higher rates of success, while STSG showed increased complications and adverse events. Pain and ADLs significantly affected in STSG group. Cosmesis was better in the PFPF group, and overall cost was significantly higher in STSG group.

Conclusion

PFPFs show greater success rates, fewer complications, improved cosmesis, less pain, reduced cost compared to STSG for wound coverage after fibula flap harvest.
Chemosensory Functions After Glossectomy—A Cross‐Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Grasl Stefan , Janik Stefan , Wiederstein Stephanie , Haymerle Georg , Renner Bertold , Mueller Christan A.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate potential interactions and compensatory mechanisms of subjectively impaired taste function with ortho‐ and retronasal olfaction after glossectomy.

Study Design

In this cross‐sectional pilot study, chemosensory functions were assessed in 25 patients with tongue carcinomas after glossectomy. The orthonasal‐, retronasal‐, and gustatory functions were tested with a mean time of 25 months after surgery with the Sniffin’ Sticks odor identification test kit (ISST), the Candy Smell‐27 test (CST‐27) and the Taste strip test (TST). Visual analog scales (VAS) were additionally used for self‐assessment of taste, flavor perception, and odor ranging from 0 (no perception) to 10 (excellent perception) and further correlated with our psychophysical evaluated outcome measures.

Results

The TST, ISST, and CST‐27 tests revealed that only eight (32%) and 13 (52%) glossectomy patients had normal taste and orthonasal function, e 21 (84%) patients showed normal retronasal function. Importantly, neither extent of resection and reconstruction nor prior radiotherapy affected chemosensory functions. Contrary, 20 (80%) patients rated their taste and flavor perception as acceptable (VAS >5). Results of the TST, ISST, and CST‐27 tests did not correlate with the equivalent self‐assessments of taste (p = 0.260, r = 0.234), odor (p = 0.588, r = −0.114), and flavor (p = 0.728, r = 0.073) perception.

Conclusion

There was a significant discrepancy between self‐perception of taste and flavor and assessed gustatory function after glossectomy. A contribution of the intact retronasal olfactory system could be a possible explanation of our results.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:375–382, 2023
Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive, Antibacterial, and Stretchable Composite Hydrogel for Wound Dressing
Authors: Chen Ying , Fan Xiaokun , Lu Jiawei , Liu Xin , Chen Jin , Chen Yi
Published: October 2022

Hydrogels have attracted extensive attention in the field of biomedicine because of their similar structure to extracellular matrix (ECM) and good biocompatibility. However, the adhesiveness, mechanical properties, and antibacterial properties of conventional hydrogels are not satisfactory. In this study, multifunctional chitosan/polydopamine/polyacrylamide (CS/PDA/PAM) hydrogels are prepared through a nature‐inspired strategy. The catechol group of polydopamine (PDA) component endows CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels with tissue adhesion and self‐healing properties. The introduction of chitosan (CS) not only greatly improves antibacterial ability, but also enhances the mechanical properties of CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels. Skin wound healing experiments show that CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels could accelerate skin tissue regeneration and promote wound healing. Therefore, CS/PDA/PAM hydrogels have great potential in the application of new wound dressings.
Melt Electrowriting of Poly(dioxanone) Filament Using a Multi‐Axis Robot
Authors: Luposchainsky Simon , Jörissen Sven , Nüchter Andreas , Dalton Paul D.
Published: October 2022

Excessive thermal degradation is one limitation of scaffold production by melt electrowriting (MEW). This is particularly pertinent when using higher melting point polymers with faster degradation profiles in vivo for tissue engineering applications. This is addressed here by switching from a pneumatic to a filament‐based feeding system and demonstrating the processing of a medical polymer, poly(dioxanone) (PDO). Additionally, by replacing the established cartesian printer configuration with a six‐axis robotic arm, arbitrary nonplanar surfaces can be used as a fiber collector, as shown here by using a spherical collector. The combination of these techniques allows MEW to be used more broadly in tissue engineering where currently established medical polymers are incompatible with the process, or the geometric shapes of scaffold are to be expanded. It demonstrates the required technology to produce nonplanar scaffolds of PDO in a dome shape with dimensions for a biodegradable corneal implant.
Partial privatization with endogenous choice of strategic variable
Authors: Méndez‐Naya José , Novo‐Peteiro José A.
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the optimal privatization policy when firms endogenously choose their strategic variable. The level of privatization is shown to determine: (i) the choice of strategic variable, whereby an asymmetric equilibrium could emerge (either Cournot–Bertrand or Bertrand–Cournot); (ii) the stability of equilibrium when the partially privatized firm and the private firm choose quantity and price respectively as the strategic variable; and (iii) the level of welfare, whereby Cournot–Cournot and Bertrand–Cournot games could lead to a greater welfare than the Bertrand–Bertrand model.
Increased Free Water in the Substantia Nigra in Asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S Mutation Carriers
Authors: Zhang Dongling , Zhou Liche , Shi Yuting , Liu Jun , Wei Hongjiang , Tong Qiqi , He Hongjian , Wu Tao
Published: October 2022

Background

The alteration of substantia nigra (SN) degeneration in populations at risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear.

Objective

We investigated free water (FW) values in the posterior SN (pSN) in asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers.

Methods

We analyzed diffusion imaging data from 28 asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers and 30 healthy controls (HCs), whereas 11 asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S carriers and 11 HCs were followed up. FW values in the pSN were measured and compared between the groups. The relationship between longitudinal changes in FW in the pSN and dopamine transporter striatal binding ratio (SBR) was analyzed.

Results

FW values in the pSN were significantly elevated and kept increasing during follow‐up in asymptomatic LRRK2 G2019S carriers. There was a negative correlation between FW changes in the left pSN and SBR changes in the left putamen.

Conclusion

FW in the pSN has the potential to be a progression imaging marker of early dopaminergic degeneration in the population at risk of PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Development of individual fitness score for conformity of prescriptions to the “Guidelines For Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia”
Authors: Inada Ken , Fukumoto Kentaro , Hasegawa Naomi , Yasuda Yuka , Yamada Hisashi , Hori Hikaru , Ichihashi Kayo , Iida Hitoshi , Ohi Kazutaka , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Ide Kenta , Hashimoto Naoki , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ogasawara Kazuyoshi , Atake Kiyokazu , Takaesu Yoshikazu , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Komatsu Hiroshi , Okada Tsuyoshi , Furihata Ryuji , Kido Mikio , Kikuchi Saya , Kubota Chika , Makinodan Manabu , Ochi Shinichiro , Takeshima Masahiro , Yamagata Hirotaka , Matsumoto Junya , Miura Kenichiro , Usami Masahide , Kishimoto Taishiro , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Katsumoto Eiichi , Hishimoto Akitoyo , Numata Shusuke , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Watanabe Koichiro , Hashimoto Ryota
Published: October 2022

Aims

The Guidelines for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia were established to improve the quality of medical care, and the EGUIDE project was conducted to train clinicians on guideline usage. A quality indicator (QI) was established to measure the prevalence of the guidelines, and a survey was conducted, which revealed a gap between the guidelines and actual clinical practice (evidence‐practice‐gap). The purpose of this study was to develop an individual fitness score (IFS) formula that expresses the degree to which prescribers adhere to the Guidelines for Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia in a simple manner, and to determine the validity of this formula from a survey of the prescriptions of the EGUIDE project participants'.

Methods

To establish appropriate scores, members discussed the proposed formula and then voted on them. The IFS formula developed was set up so that antipsychotic monotherapy would be given 100 points, with points deducted if concomitant or adjunctive antipsychotic medications were used, and a minimum score of 0. To validate this formula, prescriptions of hospitalized schizophrenic patients at admission and at discharge were scored and compared.

Result

IFS points vary and ranged from 0 to100. The average pre‐admission score for all subjects was 45.6, and the average score at discharge was 54, those were significantly higher during discharge.

Conclusions

We developed an IFS formula, a tool to easily visualize the degree to which current prescriptions conform to the guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.
An approach on reactive processing of plastic waste
Authors: Kučera František , Petruš Josef , Žídek Jan , Poláček Petr , Šimonek Michal
Published: October 2022

An approach on the reactive processing and compatibilization of plastic waste was simulated for the mixture of thermoplastics with the major content in municipal plastic waste: low‐density polyethylene, high‐density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, PA6, and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene. Peroxide initiators 2,5‐bis(tert‐butylperoxy)‐2,5‐dimethylhexane (L101) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and poly(styrene‐b‐ethylene‐b‐butylene‐b‐styrene) grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS‐g‐MAH) were used for the reactive processing of polymer blend under optimized conditions (concentration, reaction temperature, and time). The compatibilization was evidenced by “online” monitoring of the melt viscosity during reactive processing of polymer blend and examined by melt volume rate, oscillatory rheology, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of selected peroxides on the type of radical reaction was also evidenced for individual thermoplastics. Both L101 and hydrogen peroxide modify the melt viscosity with different effectivity due to different miscibility, decomposition mechanism, and limited reactivity of individual thermoplastics toward primary radicals. Therefore, the efficiency of compatibilization is limited. On the other hand, SEBS‐g‐MAH acts is an “universal” and effective reactive compatibilizer for multicomponent polymeric blend due to combination of covalent and non‐covalent interactions with blended thermoplastics, resulting in the improvement of mechanical properties and morphology of polymer blend.
How small changes make a difference: Influence of low silver contents on the effect of RbF‐PDT in CIGS solar cells
Authors: Helder Tim , Kanevce Ana , Zinßer Mario , Gutzler Rico , Paetel Stefan , Hempel Wolfram , Magorian Friedlmeier Theresa , Powalla Michael
Published: October 2022

Despite the efficiencies above 20% achieved with (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGS) solar cells, further efficiency improvements are necessary. One possibility is the implementation of a postdeposition treatment (PDT) process. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the effect of rubidium‐fluoride (RbF)‐PDT on the performance and physical properties of the ACIGS absorber. For this purpose, the RbF source temperature of the PDT process of ACIGS films with Ag/(Ag+Cu) (AAC) ratios of 5% from a multistage co‐evaporation inline process was systematically varied. It was shown that the efficiency of the devices is reduced by the PDT process, unlike observed for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber, and is strongly influenced by the amount of rubidium. The behavior can be attributed to a strong reduction of the doping, which results from a changed doping mechanism. Furthermore, evidence for the formation of an additional layer was found. In addition, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed on the samples showing a strong signal at low temperatures. This minority trap signal is strongly influenced by the amount of Rb and shows a systematically changing energetic position towards the middle of the band gap and an increasing density. Based on pulse variation measurements, the associated defect could be identified as an extended defect, indicating a location of the defect at grain boundaries.
Efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine against COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhuang Jieqin , Dai Xingzhen , Zhang Weizhang , Fu Xue , Zhang Guoxiong , Zeng Jing , Zhao Shuai , Chen Bojun
Published: October 2022

Although plenty of clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (ITCWM) against COVID‐19, the role of ITCWM remains controversial. So we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies in eight major databases that report the outcomes of interest in COVID‐19 patients receiving ITCWM. RevMan5.4 software was used for meta‐analysis, while the quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the retrospective studies were assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Eventually, a total of 53 studies with 5425 COVID‐19 patients was identified. The meta‐analysis results showed that ITCWM was significantly better than western medicine treatment (WMT) alone in the percentage of cases changing to severe/critical [RR = 0.40, 95%CI (0.33, 0.49), p < .00001, I2 = 10%], overall clinical effectiveness [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.18, 1.35), p < .00001, I2 = 50%], time to defervescencer [MD = −1.45, 95% CI (−1.82, −1.07), p < .00001, I2 = 83%], disappearing time of cough [MD = −2.11, 95% CI (−2.98, −1.25), p < .00001, I2 = 93%], time of RT‐PCR negativity [MD = −3.35, 95% CI (−4.74, −1.95), p < .00001, I2 = 92%], length of hospital stay [MD = −4.05, 95% CI (−5.24, −2.85), p < .00001, I2 = 91%], improvement in CT scan [RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.17, 1.28), p < .00001, I2 = 46%], TCM syndrome score [MD = −3.95, 95% CI (−5.07, −2.82), p < .00001, I2 = 92%], disappearance rate of fever [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.10, 1.38), p < .00001, I2 = 85%], disappearance rate of cough [RR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.25, 1.63), p < .00001, I2 = 60%], level of CRP [MD = −9.23, 95% CI (−10.94, −7.52), p < .00001, I2 = 97%], and WBC [MD = −9.23, 95% CI (−10.94, −7.52), p < .00001, I2 = 97%]. There is no significant difference between ITCWM and WMT in the adverse reaction rate [RR = 0.85, 95% CI(0.71, 1.03), p = .10, I2 = 25%]. Our results showed evidence of clinical efficacy and safety benefit in COVID‐19 patients treated with ITCWM. In spite of some limitations, the rapidly developing global pandemic warrants further high‐quality and multicenter clinical studies to confirm the contribution of ITCWM.
Consistent and flexible thermodynamics in atmospheric models using internal energy as a thermodynamic potential. Part I: Equilibrium regime
Authors: Bowen Paul , Thuburn John
Published: October 2022

Approximations in the moist thermodynamics of atmospheric models can often be inconsistent; different parts of numerical models may handle the thermodynamics in different ways, or the approximations may disagree with the laws of thermodynamics. To address these problems, all relevant thermodynamic quantities may be derived from a defined thermodynamic potential; approximations are instead made to the potential itself—this guarantees self‐consistency, as well as flexibility. Previous work showed that this concept is viable for vapour and liquid water mixtures in a moist atmospheric system using the Gibbs potential. However, on extension to include the ice phase, an ambiguity is encountered at the triple point. To resolve this ambiguity, here the internal energy is used instead. Constrained maximisation methods on the entropy can then be used to solve for the system equilibrium state. Nevertheless, a further extension is necessary for realistic atmospheric systems, where many importantnon‐equilibriumprocesses take place; for example, freezing of supercooled water and evaporation into subsaturated air. To capture processes such as these fully, the equilibrium method must be reformulated to involve finite rates of approach towards equilibrium. Here the principles of non‐equilibrium thermodynamics are used, beginning with a set of phenomenological equations, to show how non‐equilibrium moist processes may be coupled to a semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian dynamical core. Standard bubble test cases and simulations of idealised cloudy thermals are presented to demonstrate the viability of the approach for the equilibrium regime. Further details and results for non‐equilibrium regimes are presented in Part II.
Event‐triggered control for stochastic systems with multiple delays
Authors: Huang Yongjia , Deng Feiqi , Wan Fangzhe
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates the stabilization problem for continuous‐time stochastic systems with multiple delays under continuous event‐triggered mechanisms, of which both static case and dynamic case are considered individually. In order to avoid zeno phenomenon in every sample path, a suspension time after each successful execution is forced for our event‐triggered mechanisms, resulting in intermittent detection of system states. Under such control strategy, we deduce mean square exponential stability of stochastic systems with multiple delays by means of Hanalay‐type inequality and obtain a delay‐dependent‐based and less‐conservative stabilization criterion without involving the upper bound of time delays. Besides, a co‐design procedure is proposed for linear controller and event‐triggered mechanisms. In the end, an illustrative example is presented to show effectiveness of the proposed co‐design procedure and contrasts the system performance under static and dynamic event‐triggered mechanisms.
Event‐triggered adaptive finite‐time secure control for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems against unknown deception attacks
Authors: Ma Jiali , Wang Jiaqi , Xu Shengyuan , Fei Shumin , Feng Hongyan
Published: October 2022

In this article, the event‐triggered‐based adaptive finite‐time secure control problem is considered for nonlinear cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) in the presence of unknown sensor and actuator deception attacks. Due to the existence of unknown deception attacks, the system states are unavailable such that the conventional backstepping cannot be applicable. To solve this problem, a novel coordinate transformation is introduced based on the compromised system states. Then the adaptive controller combined with the triggering mechanism is designed by using adding a power integrator technique. Besides, based on the finite‐time stability theorem, an adaptive switching law is proposed to regulate the dynamic controller parameter such that the unknown deception attacks can be effectively compensated. It is shown that the finite‐time stability can be guaranteed for the nonlinear CPSs and Zeno behavior can be avoided. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Organic carbon controls water retention and plant available water in cultivated soils from South Greenland
Authors: Weber Peter L. , Blaesbjerg Natasha H. , Moldrup Per , Pesch Charles , Hermansen Cecilie , Greve Mogens H. , Arthur Emmanuel , de Jonge Lis Wollesen
Published: October 2022

The warming climate is rapidly changing the circumpolar region, presenting new opportunities and challenges for agricultural production in South Greenland. The warming climate is projected to increase the frequency of drought periods, but little is known about the soil–water retention (SWR) and the plant available water (PAW) of the agricultural soils in the region. This study aimed to measure the SWR and PAW of Greenlandic agricultural soils and evaluate the effect of organic carbon (OC) and clay (CL) content using pedotransfer functions based on OC and CL. The study included 464 South Greenlandic agricultural soil samples from 20 fields with a wide distribution in clay (0.016–0.184 kg kg−1) and OC contents (0.006–0.254 kg kg−1). Pedotransfer functions were successfully developed for estimating the gravimetric water content (w) at five soil–water potentials (−1500, −100, −30, −10, and −5 kPa) and PAW. The OC content was the primary variable governing the gravimetric water content at each soil–water potential, evidenced by R2 values consistently above 0.80. The effect of OC on the gravimetric water content at −1500 kPa was close to the range reported in the literature, but OC effects were markedly higher between −100 and −5 kPa. Overall, this study highlights a substantial effect of OC on the PAW as a 1% increase in OC increased PAW by more than 4%, which is almost twice the value of a recent meta‐study. Our study highlights the potentially dominating effects of organic matter on soil–water balance and availability in high‐latitude agriculture.
Automated Experiments of Local Non‐Linear Behavior in Ferroelectric Materials
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Kelley Kyle P. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Zhu Wanlin , Hayden John , Maria Jon‐Paul , Funakubo Hiroshi , Ziatdinov Maxim A. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: October 2022

An automated experiment in multimodal imaging to probe structural, chemical, and functional behaviors in complex materials and elucidate the dominant physical mechanisms that control device function is developed and implemented. Here, the emergence of non‐linear electromechanical responses in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is explored. Non‐linear responses in PFM can originate from multiple mechanisms, including intrinsic material responses often controlled by domain structure, surface topography that affects the mechanical phenomena at the tip‐surface junction, and the presence of surface contaminants. Using an automated experiment to probe the origins of non‐linear behavior in ferroelectric lead titanate (PTO) and ferroelectric Al0.93B0.07N films, it is found that PTO shows asymmetric nonlinear behavior across a/c domain walls and a broadened high nonlinear response region around c/c domain walls. In contrast, for Al0.93B0.07N, well‐poled regions show high linear piezoelectric responses, when paired with low non‐linear responses regions that are multidomain show low linear responses and high nonlinear responses. It is shown that formulating dissimilar exploration strategies in deep kernel learning as alternative hypotheses allows for establishing the preponderant physical mechanisms behind the non‐linear behaviors, suggesting that automated experiments can potentially discern between competing physical mechanisms. This technique can also be extended to electron, probe, and chemical imaging.
Taxonomists have an opportunity to rid botanical nomenclature of inappropriate honorifics in a structured and defensible way
Authors: Thiele Kevin R. , Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela , Hammer Timothy A.
Published: October 2022

Recent proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (the Code) to allow the rejection of names that honour historical individuals who committed crimes against humanity has sparked a counter‐reaction that we believe misrepresents both the intent and mechanism of the proposals. In this short paper we point out errors and fallacious reasoning in this counter‐reaction, and again make the case that an open, balanced, modest, structured, and defensible way to deal with this issue is now, through sensible and reasonable proposals to amend the Code, within the grasp of the taxonomic and nomenclatural community. Adopting these proposals would represent a small but significant contribution to helping address some egregious historical wrongs.
Strengthening science education through attention to student resources: A conceptualization of socioscientific capital
Authors: Klaver Lida T. , Sins Patrick H. M. , Walma van der Molen Juliette H. , Guérin Laurence J. F.
Published: October 2022

In this position paper, we introduce the concept of socioscientific capital (SSC) to denote students' resources that unequivocally play a part when students learn about and make decisions regarding socioscientific issues (SSIs). Students use a variety of resources when they engage with SSI. Our conceptualization of SSC expands on current conceptualizations to refer to resources related to both the scientific and the non‐scientific aspects of SSI, including internal resources (personal experiences, values, attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and skills), external resources (family, friends, communities, and media), and meta‐level resources (dominant frames and cultures). Aiming to strengthen SSI education, we argue for taking into account how students' resources impact their SSI‐related learning and decision‐making. To this end, insight into students' SSC is needed and is imperative for teachers. By bringing together literature about SSI education and literature about students' resources, we provide a conceptual view on students' SSC and describe implications for SSI education.
Pyogranulomatous dermatitis withEnterococcus faecalisin a spotted seal (Phoca larga)
Authors: Wu Qiaoxing , Wang Yamian , Zhang Xinke , Gu Xiangyang , He Hongxuan , Jin Xuelin
Published: October 2022

Background

Cutaneous infections are important diseases in captive and free‐ranging pinnipeds and are associated with various causative agents. Some special agents, such as fungi, morbillivirus and mycobacteria, can cause cutaneous specific granulomatous inflammation.

Objectives

To identity the cause of chronic dermatitis in a spotted seal in an aquarium.

Methods

Herein, we analyze the clinical history and cutaneous samples of the spotted seal through differential diagnosis (histopathology, microorganism culture, special histochemical staining methods, PCR), and antibiotic susceptibility test.

Results

This is a rare pyogranulomatous dermatitis case caused byE. faecalisin a captive adult male spotted seal (Phoca largha) in an aquarium.

Conclusions

We provide a meaningful approach to the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial dermatitis in pinnipeds.
Research Methods for Public Policy
Authors: Kilonzo Susan Mbula , Ojebode Ayobami
Published: October 2022

This chapter examined the nature of public policy and role of policy analysis in the policy process. It examines a variety of research methods and their use in public policy engagements and analysis for evidence-informed policymaking. It explains qualitative methods, quantitative methods, multiple and mixed-method research. Other issues addressed include causal research in public policy, report writing and communication and related issues in public policy research.
Correction to: Stigmatizing Policies Interact with Mental Health and Sexual Behaviours to Structurally Induce HIV Diagnoses Among European Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Stojanovski Kristefer , King Elizabeth J. , Rivet Amico K. , Eisenberg Marisa C. , Geronimus Arline T. , Baros Sladjana , Schmidt Axel J.
Published: October 2022

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-022-03884-2
Hollywood caught in two worlds? The impact of the Bechdel test on the international box office performance of cinematic films
Authors: Valentowitsch Johann
Published: October 2022

The Bechdel test is increasingly used in academia as a quality indicator for the portrayal of women in films. Previous studies explored how passing the Bechdel test affects box office earnings. However, earlier considerations were all limited to the US market. Therefore, the impact of the Bechdel test on international box office receipts is still unclear. To fill this research gap, this study examines the box office effect for internationally released films at the country level. Using a sample of 515 randomly selected Hollywood films, it is shown that passing the test significantly improves international box office earnings. However, the results also show that the effect depends on the level of socioeconomic development in the respective countries. Cultural discount theory is used to explain the empirical findings.
The use of fine portions from construction and demolition waste for expansive soil stabilization: A review
Authors: Ujile Mgboawaji Claude , Abbey Samuel Jonah
Published: October 2022

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) are the largest waste products in the world today and competes as a viable recycled additive material in place of natural aggregates. Due to the increase in compressive strength of different mix proportions of CDW, it is also considered for reuse in concrete and subbase construction. This study shows the effect of CDW in expansive soil stabilization. The chemical and mechanical properties of these materials have shown that they are capable of developing compressive strength properties for replacement of cement with significant reduction in carbon emission. The inherent compositional properties of recycled CDW compared in this review suggests that CDW have good filler properties in highly expansive soils. Mixtures of crushed brick and recycled aggregates characterised based on chemical properties of different replacement ratios suggests that CDW of good-quality aggregates reduces swell potential of expansive soils and increased mechanical strength in pavement construction.