bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of N-glycanase 1 perturbs neurogenesis and cerebral development modeled by human organoids
Authors: Lin Victor J. T. , Hu Jiangnan , Zolekar Ashwini , Salick Max R. , Mittal Parul , Bird Jordan T. , Hoffmann Peter , Kaykas Ajamete , Byrum Stephanie D. , Wang Yu-Chieh
Published: March 2022

Mutations in N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1), which deglycosylates misfolded glycoproteins for degradation, can cause NGLY1 deficiency in patients and their abnormal fetal development in multiple organs, including microcephaly and other neurological disorders. Using cerebral organoids (COs) developed from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we investigate how NGLY1 dysfunction disturbs early brain development. While NGLY1 loss had limited impact on the undifferentiated cells, COs developed from NGLY1-deficient hESCs showed defective formation of SATB2-positive upper-layer neurons, and attenuation of STAT3 and HES1 signaling critical for sustaining radial glia. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed premature neuronal differentiation accompanied by downregulation of secreted and transcription factors, including TTR, IGFBP2, and ID4 in NGLY1-deficient COs. NGLY1 malfunction also dysregulated ID4 and enhanced neuronal differentiation in CO transplants developed in vivo. NGLY1-deficient CO cells were more vulnerable to multiple stressors; treating the deficient cells with recombinant TTR reduced their susceptibility to stress from proteasome inactivation, likely through LRP2-mediated activation of MAPK signaling. Expressing NGLY1 led to IGFBP2 and ID4 upregulation in CO cells developed from NGLY1-deficiency patient’s hiPSCs. In addition, treatment with recombinant IGFBP2 enhanced ID4 expression, STAT3 signaling, and proliferation of NGLY1-deficient CO cells. Overall, our discoveries suggest that dysregulation of stress responses and neural precursor differentiation underlies the brain abnormalities observed in NGLY1-deficient individuals.
Magnetic tuning of tunnel coupling between InAsP double quantum dots in InP nanowires
Authors: Phoenix Jason , Korkusinski Marek , Dalacu Dan , Poole Philip J. , Zawadzki Piotr , Studenikin Sergei , Williams Robin L. , Sachrajda Andrew S. , Gaudreau Louis
Published: March 2022

We study experimentally and theoretically the in-plane magnetic field dependence of the coupling between dots forming a vertically stacked double dot molecule. The InAsP molecule is grown epitaxially in an InP nanowire and interrogated optically at millikelvin temperatures. The strength of interdot tunneling, leading to the formation of the bonding-antibonding pair of molecular orbitals, is investigated by adjusting the sample geometry. For specific geometries, we show that the interdot coupling can be controlled in-situ using a magnetic field-mediated redistribution of interdot coupling strengths. This is an important milestone in the development of qubits required in future quantum information technologies.
Predicting the splash of a droplet impinging on solid substrates
Authors: Yonemoto Yukihiro , Tashiro Kanta , Shimizu Kazuki , Kunugi Tomoaki
Published: March 2022

The impingement behaviours of droplets towards solid substrates depend on the liquid properties, impingement velocity and solid surface conditions, such as wettability and roughness. However, the prediction regarding whether the droplet splashes after the impingement, is still an open question. Here we show that the splashing can be predicted by the pressure balance of the liquid film appearing beneath the impingement droplet coupled with the modified energy balance equation. Hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressures are the driving forces for the droplet’s radial spreading, while the capillary pressure at the rim edge and viscous stress oppose the driving forces. Thus, splashing occurs when the driving forces overcome the opposing forces. Moreover, the splashing condition is affected by various surface factors, such as wettability and surface roughness. Our work would pave the way to understand the basic physics for rim or liquid film fragmentation and enabling advances in important for engineering field such as printing, sprays for cooling and pesticide.
Range-wide phylogeography of the flightless steppe beetle Lethrus apterus (Geotrupidae) reveals recent arrival to the Pontic Steppes from the west
Authors: Sramkó Gábor , Kosztolányi András , Laczkó Levente , Rácz Rita , Szatmári Lajos , Varga Zoltán , Barta Zoltán
Published: March 2022

The Eurasian Steppe belt is one of the largest biomes in the Northern Hemisphere. We provide here a range-wide phylogeography of the flightless steppe beetle Lethrus apterus that inhabits the western part of the Steppe belt through the study of population-level variance of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences and nuclear microsatellites. We detected a concordant geographic structure of genetic data with a significant isolation-by-distance pattern. We found more genetic variation in the western part of the area and identified Northern Bulgaria and the Pannonian Basin as possible refugia. Genetic clusters were separated by main rivers in the eastern part of the area. This implies west-to-east colonisation and argues for an evolutionarily recent arrival of this species to its current main distribution area, the Pontic Steppes. This contradicts the classical biogeographical wisdom that assumed an east-to-west colonisation pattern.
The study of early human settlement preference and settlement prediction in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tan Bo , Wang Hongwei , Wang Xiaoqin , Yi Suyan , Zhou Jing , Ma Chen , Dai Xinyan
Published: March 2022

When studying the human settlement process, it is of great significance to understand the prehistoric environment, economy and society by exploring the human–land relationship and the evolution of civilization reflected by the settlement environment. This paper explores the natural and social environmental preferences of early human settlements in Xinjiang, China, from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age (45 ka BP–2250 a BP). Through the characteristics of settlement preferences, the distribution of settlements is accurately predicted, and the relationship between settlement preferences and the evolution of the environment and civilization is verified and discussed. We summarize the needs and conditions of early human settlement from the perspectives of the social environment and natural environment and explain the stages, consistency and differentiation of the spatial and temporal evolution of settlement preferences with the interaction of adaptation and transformation. On this basis, we discuss the logical focuses and content of early human settlement preference research. This research provides a reference for the process, representation, driving mode, and research ideas of early human settlement preferences.
Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na+ uptake
Authors: Shen Zihui , Pu Xiaozhen , Wang Shaoming , Dong Xiuxiu , Cheng Xiaojiao , Cheng Moxiang
Published: March 2022

Silicon (Si) effectively alleviates the effects of salt stress in plants and can enhance salt tolerance in liquorice. However, the mechanisms by which Si improved salt tolerance in liquorice and the effects of foliar application of Si on different liquorice species under salt stress are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of foliar application of Si on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and ion balance of two liquorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. inflata. High salt stress resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of Na+, decreased photosynthetic pigment concentrations, perturbed ion homeostasis, and eventually inhibited both liquorice species growth. These effects were more pronounced in G. uralensis, as G. inflata is more salt tolerant than G. uralensis. Foliar application of Si effectively reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments and improved gas exchange parameters, thereby promoting photosynthesis. It also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation and leaf electrolyte leakage and enhanced osmotic adjustment of the plants. Furthermore, Si application increased the K+ concentration and reduced Na+ absorption, transport, and accumulation in the plants. The protective effects of Si were more pronounced in G. uralensis than in G. inflata. In conclusion, Si reduces Na+ absorption, improves ion balance, and alleviates the negative effects of salt stress in the two liquorice species studied, but the effect is species dependent. These findings may help to develop novel strategies for protecting liquorice plants against salt stress and provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of salt tolerance and the scientific cultivation of liquorice.
Therapeutic effect of indirubin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticules on ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yu Guang-Min , Zhou Li-Feng , Liu Xiao-Ming , Liu Bin , Lai Xue-Ying , Xu Chu-Lan , Long Ming-Yi , Zhu Yan-Ming , Wang Ji-De , Li Ming-Song
Published: March 2022

The therapeutic effect of indirubin on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice and 3D cultured biopsies from patients was further enhanced by the nano-carrier system, making it a highly promising medical candidate for ulcerative colitis.
Molecular design of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes targeting exopeptidase and application for detection of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity
Authors: Hoshino Yuki , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Sakamoto Kei , Yasunaga Masahiro , Kojima Takashi , Kotani Daisuke , Nomoto Ayumu , Sasaki Eita , Komatsu Toru , Ueno Tasuku , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Saito Yutaka , Seto Yasuyuki , Urano Yasuteru
Published: March 2022

We developed a new molecular design for NIR fluorescent probes that target exopeptidase by utilizing the >110 nm blueshift of unsymmetrical Si–rhodamines.
Novel hybrid monolayers SixGeySn1−x−y: first principles study of structural, electronic, optical, and electron transport properties with NH3 sensing application
Authors: Ahmed Touhid , Subrina Samia
Published: March 2022

First principles study of novel hybrid monolayers of Si, Ge, and Sn demonstrates direct bandgap, low effective mass, high acoustic phonon-limited mobility, tunable plasma frequency, wide absorption, high refractive indices, NH3 sensing application.
Construction and physical properties of low-dimensional structures for nanoscale electronic devices
Authors: Bao Lihong , Huang Li , Guo Hui , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: March 2022

Construction of nanoscale electronic devices with novel functionalities based on low-dimensional structures, such as single molecules and two-dimensional (2D) materials, has been reviewed.
A review of microplastic fibres: generation, transport, and vectors for metal(loid)s in terrestrial environments
Authors: Frost H. , Bond T. , Sizmur T. , Felipe-Sotelo M.
Published: March 2022

Synthetic fibre release is an important source of microplastics to agricultural soils, through the application of sewage sludge. Microplastics are potential vectors for the transport of sorbed metal(loid)s from wastewater to soils and organisms.
MXene wearables: properties, fabrication strategies, sensing mechanism and applications
Authors: Kedambaimoole Vaishakh , Harsh Kajol , Rajanna Konandur , Sen Prosenjit , Nayak M. M. , Kumar Saurabh
Published: March 2022

Schematic representation of MXene based wearable sensors for various applications.
Nonionic nontoxic antimicrobial polymers: indole-grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) with pendant alkyl or ether groups
Authors: Li Xiaoya , İlk Sedef , Liu Yang , Raina Deepak Bushan , Demircan Deniz , Zhang Baozhong
Published: March 2022

A series of new nonionic antimicrobial polymers with a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) backbone grafted with indole units and different hydrophobic alkyl or ether groups were synthesized by facile esterification.
A polymerization-induced gelation process visualized by nontraditional clustering-triggered emission
Authors: Zhao Liyang , Tian Yuan , Wang Xiangnan , Liu Dingdong , Xie Yifan , Hu Jingang , Zou Gang
Published: March 2022

A kind of organogel with distinct CTE properties was synthesized via a PISA process. Fluorescence variation could be employed to realize the visualization of the PISA process according to the CTE mechanism.
Ultra-high energy density integrated polymer dielectric capacitors
Authors: Ren Xintong , Meng Nan , Ventura Leonardo , Goutianos Stergios , Barbieri Ettore , Zhang Han , Yan Haixue , Reece Michael John , Bilotti Emiliano
Published: March 2022

A novel one-step Roll & Press process for fabricating capacitors with embedded electrodes and with highly reversible polar nanostructures and superior energy storage performance (energy density: 50 J cm−1; efficiency: 80%).
An electro-mechano-optical NMR probe for 1H–13C double resonance in a superconducting magnet
Authors: Tominaga Yusuke , Takeda Kazuyuki
Published: March 2022

A compact nanomembrane radiofrequency-to-light transducer brings the emerging Electro-Mechano-Optical (EMO) NMR technique into the realm of practical NMR in chemistry using a superconducting magnet.
Decatungstate-photocatalysed C(sp3)–H azidation
Authors: Lu Yen-Chu , Kao Shih-Chieh , West Julian G.
Published: March 2022

Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) functions as an efficient photocatalyst for the C(sp3) azidation of organic molecules using the commercial azide source para-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (p-ABSA).
A perylene five-membered ring diimide for organic semiconductors and π-expanded conjugated molecules
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Wu Botao , Qin Liyuan , Huang Yan-Ying , Meng Wei , Kong Ruirui , Yu Xiaobo , ChenChai Kaiyuan , Li Cheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Xi-Sha , Zhang Deqing
Published: March 2022

A perylene five-membered ring diimide was developed as a new electron-deficient building block for n-type semiconductors. The π-expanded conjugated molecules containing azulenes were synthesized from PDI39. These conjugated molecules show near-infrared absorption up to 810 nm.
A photocatalyst prepared by NiCo2O4/CNQD-modified carbon fabric heterojunction enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Liu Na , Li Xuefei , Wang Yue , Zhu Bolin , Tian Ye , Lang Jihui , Yang Jinghai
Published: March 2022

A novel photocatalyst cobalt nickel tetroxide (NiCo2O4)/g-C3N4 quantum dot (CNQD) heterojunctions was successfully prepared on carbon cloth.
Facet-controlled synthesis and morphological evolution of Cu2O microcrystals
Authors: Kim Eung-Dab , Cho Young-Sik , Huh Young-Duk
Published: March 2022

Cu2O microcrystals were prepared through reduction of Cu2+ ions by glucose in an alkaline aqueous solution.
One-dimensional quantum channel in bent honeycomb nanoribbons
Authors: Wang Tong , Jiang Xi , Wang Jing , Liu Zhao , Song Juntao , Liu Ying
Published: March 2022

Bending-induced pseudo-magnetic field localizes the electronic states along both edges of the bent honeycomb NRs, forming the robust one-dimensional quantum channels.
Phonon-mediated superconductivity in two-dimensional hydrogenated phosphorus carbide: HPC3
Authors: Li Ya-Ping , Yang Liu , Liu Hao-Dong , Jiao Na , Ni Mei-Yan , Hao Ning , Lu Hong-Yan , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2022

Hydrogenation-induced semiconductor to metal transformation in two-dimensional phosphorus carbide PC3 was predicted, and HPC3 exhibits phonon-mediated superconductivity with high Tc.
Inorganic acid influenced formation of Ti26 and Ti44 oxysulfate clusters with toroidal and capsule structures
Authors: Chintakrinda Kalpana , Narayanam Nagaraju , Chen Guang-Hui , Wang Fei , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2022

Two Ti(iv)-oxo sulfate clusters with Ti26 and Ti44 cores were prepared by ionothermal synthesis. A change in ratio between inorganic ligands (tetrahedral SO42-vs. pseudo-tetrahedral PO33-) influences the cluster structure formation behavior.
Photomechanical behavior triggered by [2 + 2] cycloaddition and photochromism of a pyridinium-functionalized coordination complex
Authors: Chen Yun-Rui , Jia Meng-Ze , Pan Jia-Qi , Tan Bin , Zhang Jie
Published: March 2022

Photomechanical motion triggered by [2 + 2] cycloaddition as well as simultaneous photochromic and fluorescence changes has been achieved by introducing flexible methylene groups and cation–π interactions into a pyridinium-based coordination complex.
[5]Helicene-based chiral triarylboranes with large luminescence dissymmetry factors over a 10−2 level: synthesis and design strategy via isomeric tuning of steric substitutions
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhao Jingyi , Wang Yu , Liu Hou-Ting , Shang Qinghai , Wang Nan , Yin Xiaodong , Zheng Xiaoyan , Chen Pangkuan
Published: March 2022

We have proposed a molecular design strategy to achieve high-performance CPL-active materials with a considerably large glum > 1.2 × 10−2via tuning of organoborane chemistry and isomeric substitutions with tunable steric effects.
Predicting third-body collision efficiencies for water and other polyatomic baths
Authors: Jasper Ahren W.
Published: March 2022

A priori theory quantitatively predicts pressure-dependent kinetics for polyatomic and diatomic bath gases.
Quantum resonances and roaming dynamics in formaldehyde photodissociation
Authors: Foley Casey D. , Xie Changjian , Guo Hua , Suits Arthur G.
Published: March 2022

Product HCO rovibrational levels that are near-coincident with prepared rovibrational levels in H2CO mediate roaming resonances that impact the roaming, tight-TS and radical yield.
Fabrication and mechanical properties of knitted dissimilar polymeric materials with movable cross-links
Authors: Ikura Ryohei , Murayama Shunsuke , Park Junsu , Ikemoto Yuka , Osaki Motofumi , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira , Matsuba Go , Takashima Yoshinori
Published: March 2022

Movable cross-network elastomer with knitting polymers (KP elastomer) were obtained by bulk polymerization of main chain monomers in presence of host polymer. The two design strategies successfully improve the toughness and stiffness of the KP elastomers.
Ditriphenylenothiophene butterfly-shape liquid crystals. The influence of polyarene core topology on self-organization, fluorescence and photoconductivity
Authors: Deng Wen-Jing , Liu Shuai , Lin Hang , Zhao Ke-Xiao , Bai Xiao-Yan , Zhao Ke-Qing , Hu Ping , Wang Bi-Qin , Monobe Hirosato , Donnio Bertrand
Published: March 2022

Two series of regio-isomeric mesomorphous, luminescent and conductive compounds, based on a ditriphenylenothiophene core (α/β-DTPT), were successfully synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling/Scholl cyclo-dehydrogenation reactions tandem.
Sulfur edge in molybdenum disulfide nanosheets achieves efficient uranium binding and electrocatalytic extraction in seawater
Authors: Tang Xingrui , Liu Yan , Liu Min , Chen Huimei , Huang Pengling , Ruan Haoming , Zheng Yamin , Yang Fan , He Rong , Zhu Wenkun
Published: March 2022

Electrochemical extraction of uranium in seawater provides a promising strategy for the persistent supply of fuel in the nuclear industry.
Reversible complexation mediated polymerization: an emerging type of organocatalytically controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Chen Zhi-Hao , Wang Xiao-Yan , Tang Yong
Published: March 2022

Reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP) was developed as a new class of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) using organic catalysts. In particular, photo-RCMP is among the simplest, cheapest, and most robust photoinduced CRPs.
Visible-light-driven photoredox-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling ofN-arylamines with cycloketone oxime esters
Authors: Zhou Sheng-Yun , Zhang Ding , Liu Xiao-Jie , Qin Jing-Hao , Fu Zheng-Li , Li Shuang-Long , Cai Fang-Jun , Li Yang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: March 2022

A novel photoredox-catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling betweenN-arylamines and cycloketone oxime esters under mild conditions has been accomplished.
Pd-Catalyzed alkynyl aryl iodide cyclization/alkylation with cyclobutanols
Authors: Zhou Ping-Xin , Yang Xiaozhe , Du Xueyan , Zhao Shujie , Wang Han , Tan Xinqiang , Wang Jia , Liang Yong-Min
Published: March 2022

A palladium-catalyzed cis-selective carboalkylation of internal alkynes with cyclobutanols is reported, providing a useful and facile approach to alkyl-substituted olefins with moderate to good yields and excellent stereoselectivity.
Alkali-amide controlled selective synthesis of 7-azaindole and 7-azaindoline through domino reactions of 2-fluoro-3-methylpyridine and aldehydes
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Ou Mingjie , Wang Yan-En , Lin Tingzhi , Xiong Dan , Xue Fei , Walsh Patrick J. , Mao Jianyou
Published: March 2022

An alkali counterion controlled chemoselective synthesis of 7-azaindole and 7-azaindoline has been demonstrated.
A new route for controlling the microstructure and properties of carbon aerogels via sol–gel and impregnation methods
Authors: Yang Haixia , Li Haokun , Ye Feng
Published: March 2022

A new route to control the microstructure and properties of carbon aerogels via vacuum impregnation is presented.
Analysis of gold nanospheres, nano ellipsoids, nanorods, and effect of core–shell structures for hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Maqbool Saba , Shahzad Muhammad Khuram , Afzaal Muhammad , Daud Muhammad Usama , Fatima Nazma Goher , Ghuffar Abdul
Published: March 2022

Hyperthermia (HT) is a technique for treating malignancies by raising the temperature of the defected tissues.
Alkylbenzene synthesis from benzene and syngas over a ZnCrOx/beta bifunctional catalyst
Authors: Liu Jianchao , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang , Zhou Ligong , Li Xuekuan , Ge Hui
Published: March 2022

ZnCrOx/beta bifunctional catalyst.
Optical resolution of 1,16-dihydroxytetraphenylene by chiral gold(iii) complexation and its applications as chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Guo Jia , Xiong Wen-Bin , Ma Hao-Ran , Fan Luoyi , Zhou You-Yun , Wong Henry N. C. , Cui Jian-Fang
Published: March 2022

Chiral gold(iii) complex was found to be a “golden key” to unlock (±)-1,16-dihydroxytetraphenylene (DHTP), leading to enantiopure DHTP in a large quantity. This approach provided convenient access to 2,15-diaryl (S)-DHTPs and phosphoramidites.
Electricity generation from water evaporation through highly conductive carbonized wood with abundant hydroxyls
Authors: Zhang Zaimiao , Zheng Yaru , Jiang Nan , Hong Wenqing , Liu Tianyu , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong
Published: March 2022

Carbonized wood obtained by Lewis acid metal salt-catalyzed carbonization possesses high electrical conductivity and contains a large amount of hydroxyl groups, thus improving the electric energy output of wood-based hydroelectric generators.
Aligned artificial solid electrolyte interphase layers as versatile interfacial stabilizers on lithium metal anodes
Authors: Li Zihao , Ding Xuesong , Feng Wei , Han Bao-Hang
Published: March 2022

An aligned artificial SEI layer is innovatively introduced on the surface of a Li metal anode to build in situ generated LiF components and uniformly distributed Li ion-conductive sites at the same time in this work.
Molecularly imprinted wax
Authors: Jiang Long , Jing Tao , Shen Xiantao
Published: March 2022

Molecularly imprinted wax (MIW) spheres were successfully prepared using wax as the matrix. Due to their phase-change merits at relatively low temperatures and excellent solubility in n-hexane, MIW spheres realized an elution-free SPE process.
Ultrathin nanosheet interconnected NixS6/Ni(OH)2 hybrid nanocages: successive self-sacrifice template fabrication and exceptional performance in supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Yunpeng , Liu Yue , Ye Jianyong , Wang Lizhong , Zhuo Sheng , Chen Weifan
Published: March 2022

Low-cost and highly electroactive nickel-based materials are important electrodes for the development of supercapacitors.
Color regulation for Eu(tta)3phen/E7 composites by interaction between Eu(iii) complexes and liquid crystals
Authors: Sang Xu , Wang Qingru , Gao Xiaoli , Khan Adnan , Chen Ziyu , Yang Jiaxin , Feng Ming , Liu Lisa , Song Feng , Huang Wei
Published: March 2022

Eu(tta)3phen/E7 composites combine the advantages of rare earth doped materials and liquid crystals. Based on the interaction between Eu(iii) complexes and E7, three different methods were proposed to control the emitting color of composites.
A ResNet‐based approach for accurate radiographic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Shibo , Zhao Baoliang , Zhang Jianwei , Yang Yuanyuan , Li Bing
Published: March 2022

Currently X‐ray images are clinically graded by experienced clinicians using the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scoring method. However, individual scoring is subjective and error prone. This study proposes an approach for automated knee osteoarthritis classification based on deep neural networks. The knee X‐ray images are first pre‐processed with frequency‐domain filtering and histogram normalisation, making the trabecular bone texture more obvious and benefiting the subsequent classification task. Then, a two‐step classification strategy is proposed by extracting the joint centre based on the VGG network and classifying osteoarthritis grades based on the ResNet‐50 network. In addition, a rebalance operation is proposed to deal with the dataset unbalance problem, and a quick search technique is proposed to improve the iterative search efficiency for the joint centre. With all of these techniques, a classification accuracy of 81.41% is obtained, which is higher compared to the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Performance analysis for reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted downlink NOMA networks
Authors: Gong Xianli , Huang Chongwen , Yue Xinwei , Liu Feng , Yang Zhaohui
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assisted downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is considered, where a base station communicates with a pair of users with the assistance of a RIS. The performance of RIS‐assisted downlink NOMA networks is investigated by exploiting the coherent phase shifting design. In particular, the central limit theorem based Gaussian approximation is introduced to model the sum of independent and identically distributed random variables and derive the approximate expressions of the outage probability for two users. Furthermore, the upper bounds for the outage probability are obtained based on the property of the Bessel function. Additionally, both the asymptotic outage probabilities and the asymptotic upper bounds at high signal‐to‐noise ratio are derived and the diversity order achieved by the network is obtained. Simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical findings and demonstrate that RIS‐NOMA can achieve superior outage performance compared to RIS‐assisted orthogonal multiple access and conventional full‐duplex decode‐and‐forward relaying schemes. Moreover, it can be observed that the outage performance of RIS‐NOMA can be tremendously enhanced with increasing the number of reflecting elements.
A robust active distribution network defensive strategy against cyber‐attack considering multi‐uncertainties
Authors: Yang Jie , Guo Yihao , Guo Chuangxin , Chen Zhe , Wang Shenghan , Jiang Boyou
Published: March 2022

A robust defensive strategy for active distribution networks considering multi‐uncertainties and island restoration is studied. Firstly, the authors take triple uncertainties into consideration, that is, the attack strategy, the amount of wind power generation and solar irradiation. Next, a trilevel defender‐attacker‐defender (DAD) two‐stage robust mathematical model is established to make full use of the energy storage support capacity and reduce the load shedding. The first stage is to pre‐allocate defensive resources, and the second stage is to dispatch emergent defensive resources in the worst scenario to minimize the load shedding. Using column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm to solve the model, the original problem is converted into the min main problem and max‐min sub‐problem. The non‐convexity of the sub‐problem is relaxed by using the second order cone programming (SOCP) model, and converted to the max problem according to the strong duality theory. Solving the model with returned cuttings iteratively. The simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and the defensive strategy can adapt to multi‐uncertainties.
Re‐EnGAN: Unsupervised image‐to‐image translation based on reused feature encoder in CycleGAN
Authors: Lu Yu , Liu Ju , Lv Lin , Gao Xuesong , Chen Weiqiang , Zhang Yuyi
Published: March 2022

As an advanced task for image synthesis without labelled data, unsupervised image‐to‐image translation refers to the overall conversion of a certain characteristic image domain X to another domain Y. The key point is to learn a mapping relationship that can be transformed between different image domains. Existing methods mainly adopt GANs to generate authentic images. While the discriminators will be abandoned after the training process is completed. In order to avoid this waste of training resources, a feature encoder reusing method is proposed, which could reduce the number of parameters and accelerate the training speed. In addition, we add the adaptive perceptual loss for the purpose of paying more attention to the quality of generated images. This loss directly uses the encoder during training to perform feature‐level constraints, and applies the L1‐norm on the intermediate feature layer of the generated samples. The experiments illustrate that our framework can generate more natural images and provide an effective solution for unsupervised translation.
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Carbohydrate Disturbances
Authors: Gateva Antoaneta , Kamenov Zdravko
Published: March 2022

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that can predispose patients to higher risk for cardiovascular death. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and sudomotor dysfunction in patients with newly diagnosed carbohydrate disturbances (prediabetes or diabetes) and to assess their relationship to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we included 160 patients −78 with obesity without carbohydrate disturbances, 52 with prediabetes, and 30 with newly diagnosed diabetes. CAN was diagnosed using cardiovascular reflex tests and sudomotor function was evaluated by SUDOSCAN. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using SCORE and FRMINGHAM risk scores. The prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was significantly higher in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. Independently of their glycemic status, the patients who had blood glucose on the 60th-minute of OGTT>8.5 mmol/l had significantly higher prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (30.2% vs 15.6%, р=0.044). Patients with high cardiovascular risk according to FRAMINGHAM and SCORE had worse heart rate variability scores. Autonomic neuropathy risk assessed by SUDOSCAN was a good predictor for the presence of CAN. In conclusion, CAN has a higher prevalence on patients with newly diagnosed diabetes compared to prediabetic and normoglycemic subjects, while the patients with blood glucose>8.5 mmol/l on the 60th-minute of OGTT have higher prevalence of CAN independently of their glycemic status. SUDOSCAN testing can be used to assess the risk of CAN and to select patients that should undergo further testing.
Mechanisms of the Nickel-Catalysed Hydrogenolysis and Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ethers
Authors: Borys Andryj M. , Hevia Eva
Published: March 2022

The Ni-catalysed hydrogenolysis and cross-coupling of aryl ethers has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool to transform inert phenol-derived electrophiles into functionalised aromatic molecules. This has attracted significant interest due to its potential to convert the lignin fraction of biomass into chemical feedstocks, or to enable orthogonal reactivity and late-stage synthetic modification. Although the scope of nucleophiles employed, and hence the C–C and C–heteroatom bonds that can be forged, has expanded significantly since Wenkert’s seminal work in 1979, mechanistic understanding on how these reactions operate is still uncertain since the comparatively inert Caryl–O bond of aryl ethers challenge the involvement of classical mechanisms involving direct oxidative addition to Ni(0). In this review, we document the different mechanisms that have been proposed in the Ni-catalysed hydrogenolysis and cross-coupling of aryl ethers. These include: (i) direct oxidative addition; (ii) Lewis acid assisted C–O bond cleavage; (iii) anionic nickelates, and; (iv) Ni(I) intermediates. Experimental and theoretical investigations by numerous research groups have generated a pool of knowledge that will undoubtedly facilitate future discoveries in the development of novel Ni-catalysed transformations of aryl ethers.

1 Introduction

2 Direct Oxidative Addition

3 Hydrogenolysis of Aryl Ethers

4 Lewis Acid Assisted C–O Bond Cleavage

5 Anionic Nickelates

6 Ni(I) Intermediates

7 The ‘Naphthalene Problem’

8 Conclusions and Outlook
Venting Corrections Improve the Accuracy of Coupler-Based Simulated Real-Ear Verification for Use with Adult Hearing Aid Fittings
Authors: Scollie Susan , Folkeard Paula , Pumford John , Abbasalipour Parvaneh , Pietrobon Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Abstract Background Hearing aid responses can be verified with the Real-Ear Aided Response (REAR). Procedures for predicting the REAR from coupler-based verification exist, but have not incorporated corrections for venting, limiting their use and validity for
vented and open fittings. A commercially available system for including venting effects in simulated real-ear measurement (S-REM) has recently been developed. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of a vent-corrected S-REM for predicting the REAR across test levels, for fittings
with a wide range of coupling styles including modular domes. Research Design This was a within-subject comparison study using technical measures. Retrospective file review was used to obtain previously measured REARs from 104 fittings in 52 adults and three hearing aid styles.
Prospective data collection was used to re-measure each fitting at three test levels using S-REM with and without venting corrections. Comparison of differences by frequency band was performed to assess the impact of the venting correction. Results The vent model reduced low-frequency
error by up to 11 dB, and the effects were consistent with the expected effects of venting in hearing aid fitting: fittings with more open dome or tip styles had a larger improvement when the vent model was added. A larger sample of fittings was obtained for dome/sleeve couplings than
for custom fittings. Conclusions The vent-corrected S-REM system evaluated in this study provides improved fitting accuracy for dome or sleeve-fitted hearing aids for adults and supports the use of vented S-REM for open fittings. Further studies to examine a representative
sample of custom tip or mold fittings, and fittings for children are future directions.
Terahertz (THz) biophotonics technology: Instrumentation, techniques, and biomedical applications
Authors: Chen Xuequan , Lindley-Hatcher Hannah , Stantchev Rayko I. , Wang Jiarui , Li Kaidi , Hernandez Serrano Arturo , Taylor Zachary D. , Castro-Camus Enrique , Pickwell-MacPherson Emma
Published: March 2022

Terahertz (THz) technology has experienced rapid development in the past two decades. Growing numbers of interdisciplinary applications are emerging, including materials science, physics, communications, and security as well as biomedicine. THz biophotonics involves studies applying THz photonic technology in biomedicine, which has attracted attention due to the unique features of THz waves, such as the high sensitivity to water, resonance with biomolecules, favorable spatial resolution, capacity to probe the water–biomolecule interactions, and nonionizing photon energy. Despite the great potential, THz biophotonics is still at an early stage of development. There is a lack of standards for instrumentation, measurement protocols, and data analysis, which makes it difficult to make comparisons among all the work published. In this article, we give a comprehensive review of the key findings that have underpinned research into biomedical applications of THz technology. In particular, we will focus on the advances made in general THz instrumentation and specific THz-based instruments for biomedical applications. We will also discuss the theories describing the interaction between THz light and biomedical samples. We aim to provide an overview of both basic biomedical research as well as pre-clinical and clinical applications under investigation. The paper aims to provide a clear picture of the achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of THz biophotonics.
Electrospinning research and products: The road and the way forward
Authors: Al-Dhahebi Adel Mohammed , Ling JinKiong , Krishnan Syam G. , Yousefzadeh Maryam , Elumalai Naveen Kumar , Saheed Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed , Ramakrishna Seeram , Jose Rajan
Published: March 2022

Electrospinning is one of the most accessed nanofabrication techniques during the last three decades, attributed to its viability for the mass production of continuous nanofibers with superior properties from a variety of polymers and polymeric composites. Large investments from various sectors have pushed the development of electrospinning industrial setups capable of producing nanofibers in millions of kilograms per year for several practical applications. Herein, the lessons learned over three decades of research, innovations, and designs on electrospinning products are discussed in detail. The historical developments, engineering, and future opportunities of electrospun nanofibers (ESNFs) are critically addressed. The laboratory-to-industry transition gaps for electrospinning technology and ESNFs products, the potential of electrospun nanostructured materials for various applications, and academia-industry comparison are comprehensively analyzed. The current challenges and future trends regarding the use of this technology to fabricate promising nano/macro-products are critically demonstrated. We show that future research on electrospinning should focus on theoretical and technological developments to achieve better maneuverability during large-scale fiber formation, redesigning the electrospinning process around decarbonizing the materials processing to align with the sustainability agenda and the integration of electrospinning technology with the tools of intelligent manufacturing and IR 4.0.
Predicting micro-bubble dynamics with semi-physics-informed deep learning
Authors: Zhai Hanfeng , Zhou Quan , Hu Guohui
Published: March 2022

Utilizing physical information to improve the performance of the conventional neural networks is becoming a promising research direction in scientific computing recently. For multiphase flows, it would require significant computational resources for neural network training due to the large gradients near the interface between the two fluids. Based on the idea of the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), a modified deep learning framework BubbleNet is proposed to overcome this difficulty in the present study. The deep neural network (DNN) with separate sub-nets is adopted to predict physics fields, with the semi-physics-informed part encoding the continuity equation and the pressure Poisson equation P for supervision and the time discretized normalizer to normalize field data per time step before training. Two bubbly flows, i.e., single bubble flow and multiple bubble flow in a microchannel, are considered to test the algorithm. The conventional computational fluid dynamics software is applied to obtain the training dataset. The traditional DNN and the BubbleNet(s) are utilized to train the neural network and predict the flow fields for the two bubbly flows. Results indicate the BubbleNet frameworks are able to successfully predict the physics fields, and the inclusion of the continuity equation significantly improves the performance of deep NNs. The introduction of the Poisson equation also has slightly positive effects on the prediction results. The results suggest that constructing semi-PINNs by flexibly considering the physical information into neural networks will be helpful in the learning of complex flow problems.
Two-band superconductivity through structural and electronic reconstruction on interface: YBa2Cu3O7/LaAlO3(001)
Authors: Wen Zhiyuan , Wang Ziqiang , Liang Shiyou , Yu Rong , Zhu Jing
Published: March 2022

Novel physical phenomena arising from the complex interplay between the spin, charge, orbital, and lattice orders can emerge in perovskite-type oxide heterostructures. Here, we investigate the lattice and electronic structures on the interface of the YBa2Cu3O7/LaAlO3 heterostructure prepared by pulsed laser deposition with the combination of spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory. Both reconstructed and normal interfaces are observed at sub-angstrom resolution, and these superconducting planes closest to the corresponding interface known as CuO2(a) and CuO2(c) planes, respectively. Due to the lattice reconstruction and charge density redistribution, CuO2(a) plane moves closer to the reconstructed interface with bond length of in-plane Cu and apical oxygen reduced. Consequently, the d3z2−r2 orbital loss electrons further results in two orbitals (dx2−y2 and d3z2−r2) crossing the Fermi level, showing two-band superconductivity behavior at the reconstructed interface. However, the CuO2(c) plane remains unaffected due to the protection of the charge reservoir layer at the normal interface and exhibits electronic structures similar to bulk cuprate superconductors, where only dx2−y2 orbitals contribute to the states at the Fermi level. These results suggest that the interfacial reconstruction might be a possible pathway to manipulate the electronic structures of the superconducting oxide heterostructures.
Design and experimental demonstration of feedback adaptive RMP ELM controller toward complete long pulse ELM suppression on KSTAR
Authors: Shousha R. , Kim S. K. , Erickson K. G. , Hahn S. H. , Nelson A. O. , Yang S. M. , Park J.-K. , Wai J. , Jeon Y. M. , Lee J. H. , Jang J. , Seo D. , Kolemen E.
Published: March 2022

Operation of a fusion power plant requires robust edge localized mode (ELM) suppression simultaneously with high plasma performance. In this paper, we describe a novel feedback adaptive resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) ELM controller designed to address this problem by achieving optimized ELM suppression through the advanced application of 3D RMPs. From real-time Dα data, the controller is able to achieve robust ELM suppression while simultaneously minimizing the applied RMP in order to enhance plasma performance. In real-time, the instantaneous ELM-frequency is analyzed with an adaptive feedback algorithm to determine amplitudes and phases of RMP coil currents that will maximize plasma performance while maintaining ELM suppression. When applied through the KSTAR plasma control system in several experiments using n = 1 RMPs, robust ELM suppression is achieved and sustained in feedback while reducing the RMP strength to ∼65% of its initial value. Minimization of the RMP strength in this manner not only allows for operation of longer discharges due to a decrease in flux consumption but also allows for a strong recovery of up to ∼60% of βN throughout the ELM-free period.
High density hexagonal MTJ array with 72 nm pitch and 30 nm CD by using advanced DRAM patterning solution and ion beam etch
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Xiao Deyuan , Huang J. P. , Lee Tzunghan , Zheng Yuhong , Cao Kanyu , Dong Kaifeng , Jin Fang
Published: March 2022

A hexagonal honeycomb magnetic tunneling junction array with 72 nm pitch and 30 nm MgO critical dimension was successfully fabricated on a 1× nm dynamic random access memory platform by using a mature dynamic random access memory patterning solution and ion beam etch. To our knowledge, both pitch size and critical dimension size are the world’s smallest ones for industrial magnetic tunneling junction arrays. To obtain such a high density and small sized magnetic tunneling junction array, a cross self-aligned double patterning technique, a triple layer hard mask scheme, and an optimized ion beam etch condition were adopted. During the optimization of the ion beam etch process, the dependence of a magnetic tunneling junction pillar profile on ion beam etch parameters for a high density hexagonal magnetic tunneling junction array has also been systematically studied. The depth of oxide recess and the magnetic tunneling junction sidewall angle increased with the ion beam etch amount, while magnetic tunneling junction critical dimension and hard mask remainder thickness decreased with increasing ion beam etch amount.
The gray body approximation for radiative heat transfer in evacuated tube solar collectors: Effects of envelope infrared transparency
Authors: George Mark A. , Takamure Noboru , McKenzie David R.
Published: March 2022

A theoretical and experimental analysis is carried out of radiative heat transfer in the coaxial geometry of evacuated tube solar collectors. The gray body approximation implicit in the use of an effective emissivity does not strictly apply to evacuated tube solar collectors due to selective absorber coating and partially transmitting outer glass in the thermal infrared, especially when constructed from borosilicate. We develop analytic expressions for the heat transfer through the outer envelope and show the equations no longer follow a simple form where an effective emissivity for the system can be defined. To test all approximations in practice, an experiment is performed using an evacuated solar collector manufactured in the 1980s by the Nitto Kohki company in Japan using the effective emissivity approximation to determine the typical heat transfer characteristics using net radiative heat flows in both directions. This method enabled a good fit to temperature–time data for cooling and heating of the inner tube for temperatures between 10 and 85 °C. The results confirm that the effective emittance method can be used in situations with typical glass wall thickness and temperatures. At temperatures greater 100 °C, the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation falls significantly within the transmitting region of the outer glass and can no longer be neglected. The work has verified the stability of the vacuum in this type of collector as the tube still functions well, maintaining a low emissivity and good vacuum after approximately 40 years in storage conditions.
Unveiling pathways of oxytetracycline degradation induced by cold atmospheric plasma
Authors: Yao Xi , Guo Jin-Sen , Zhang Yuan-Tao
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic pollution has received increasing global and scientific attention in recent years due to its serious impact on ecosystems and human health. As a new advanced oxidation method, Cold Atmospheric Plasmas (CAPs) have been successfully applied to degrade oxytetracycline (OTC) with a large removal rate, high energy efficiency, and environment-friendly requirements; however, the reaction pathways are still unclear. In this study, a reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is performed to investigate the mechanisms of OTC degradation induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in CAPs. The simulations showed the breaking of chemical bonds upon the impact of ROS, such as C–C, C–N, and C–O. In particular, the removal of important functional groups, including the acylamino at the C2 site, the dimethylamine at the C4 site, and the tertiary alcohol at the C12a site, is observed, and the destruction of these key structures indicates the degradation of OTC by reducing the antibacterial ability. The final products revealed by the computational data agree well with the experimental measurements. The dose effects on OTC degradation are also examined by adjusting the numbers of ROS in the simulation box. This study can further enhance the understanding of OTC degradation induced by CAP according to the reactive MD simulation results, unveiling the key pathways of OTC degradation.