bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithofacial composition and distribution of middle albian strata within the Crimean Plains
Authors: Kyselevych L.
Published: October 2016

The Middle Albian sedimentary complex is deposited on Middle Albian rocks, commonly with no evident unconformity, and includes, along with sedimentary rocks, volcanic activity products. Middlle Albian sediments are distributed almost everywhere within the North Crimean paleodepression. They occur at a depth of 2-5 km and are represented by sedimentary-volcanogenic formations whose generation was caused by intense activity of 6 stratovolcanoes and 3 shield volcanoes. Such formations fail to occur only on a few local sites of the paleodepression and in its northern nearside zone. Sediments are characterized by wide development in their section, along with sedimentary rocks, of pyroclastic and effusive formations whose generation was caused by volcanic activity.

The volcanic activity was at its highest during the Middle Albian, which resulted in accumulations of facies-variable volcanogenic-sedimentary strata. Volcanogenic and volcanogeno-clastic Middle Albian sediments occur among marine clay formations as lens-shaped bodies, sheets and flows sometimes stretching over dozens of kilometers, their thickness ranging from a few metres to hundreds. Structural features of volcanogenic-sedimentary strata of different regions depend on their proximity to the centers of volcanic activity and are determined by the nature and characteristics of paleovolcanic eruptions. A closer proximity to paleovolcanoes accounts for an increase in volcanic rocks in the section, with effusive rocks being mostly abundant among them. At a longer distance from the centers of volcanic activity, pyroclastic, volcanogenic-sedimentary and sedimentary deposits become more abundant in the section.

Synthesis and analysis of the lithological and petrographic characteristics of Middle Albian sediments, which were based on analyzing deep parametrical and exploration drilling data, made it possible to define 10 main Middle Albian types of lithofacies. These differ in their composition and the share of volcanic activity products found in marine clay sediments. Lithological-facies types of the Middle Albian sediment sections have been defined, as well as the limits of their lateral distribution within the North Crimean paleodepression of the Crimean plains.
Estimation of the flux tube diameters outside sunspots using Hinode observations. Preliminary results
Authors:   Astronomical Observatory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Botygina O. O. , Gordovskyy M. Yu. ,   Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Alan Turing building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, Lozitsky V. G. ,   Astronomical Observatory, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2016

Indirect estimations of diameters of the smallest flux tubes outside sunspots are made using SOT/Hinode observations of FeI 6301.5 and 6302.5 lines. These estimations are based on the comparison of measured effective magnetic field strength Beff in named lines. It is shown that Beff(6301.5)/Beff(6302.5)≈1.3 in the range Beff=40-300 G, and Beff(6301.5)/Beff(6302.5)≈1.0$ for Beff≤10-20 G. The first case corresponds to the two-component magnetic field with kG flux tubes and weak background field, whereas the second one corresponds to background field without flux tubes. Assuming that the field range Beff=10-40 G corresponds to the case with only one flux tube in each pixel, the flux tube diameters should be 15-30 km. Possible influence of the brightness contrast and the Zeeman saturation could change this estimation by approximately 20%.
Comparative analysis of decametre 'drift pair' bursts observed in 2002 and 2015
Authors:   Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Volvach Ya. S. , Stanislavsky A. A. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Konovalenko A. A. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Koval A. A. ,   Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, China, Dorovskyy V. V. ,   Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2016

We report about new observations of solar 'drift pair' (DP) bursts by means of the UTR-2 radio telescope at frequencies 10-30 MHz. Our experimental data include both 'forward' and 'reverse' bursts with high frequency and time resolution. The records of 301 bursts, observed in 10-12 July of 2015, are investigated. The main properties of these bursts (frequency bandwidth, central frequency and others) have been analysed. In this report our main attention is paid to the comparison of our observations with the similar observations of decametre DPs performed earlier during 13-15 July of 2002 in the same frequency range. Common features of DPs in the two different pieces of data samples have been found. This may indicate the possible presence of stability in the frequency-time properties of decametre DPs from one cycle of solar activity to another.
Evolution of density and velocity profiles of matter in large voids
Authors: Tsizh M. , Novosyadlyj B.
Published: October 2016

We analyse the evolution of cosmological perturbations which leads to the formation of large voids in the distribution of galaxies. We assume that perturbations are spherical and all components of the Universe - radiation, matter and dark energy - are continuous media with ideal fluid energy-momentum tensors, which interact only gravitationally. Equations of the evolution of perturbations in the comoving to cosmological background reference frame for every component are obtained from equations of conservation and Einstein's ones and are integrated by modified Euler method. Initial conditions are set at the early stage of evolution in the radiation-dominated epoch, when the scale of perturbation is mush larger than the particle horizon. Results show how the profiles of density and velocity of matter in spherical voids with different overdensity shells are formed.
Observation of the new emission line at ~3.5 keV in X-ray spectra of galaxies and galaxy clusters
Authors:   Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, Iakubovskyi D. A.
Published: October 2016

The detection of an unidentified emission line in the X-ray spectra of cosmic objects would be a `smoking gun' signature for the particle physics beyond the Standard Model. More than a decade of its extensive searches results in several narrow faint emission lines reported at 3.5, 8.7, 9.4 and 10.1 keV. The most promising of them is the emission line at ~3.5 keV reported in spectra of several nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters. Here I summarize its up-to-date status, overview its possible interpretations, including an intriguing connection with the radiatively decaying dark matter, and outline future directions for its studies.
Influence of the continuum determination method on the mean transmission in the Lyα forest
Authors: Torbaniuk O.
Published: October 2016

Determination of the initial flux, or continuum, in the quasar spectra prior to its absorption by the intergalactic HI is nontrivial problem and it affects the precision of the mean transmission in the Lyα forest, (z). The results of comparison of the (z) values obtained using different methods of the continuum determination are presented in this paper. This analysis was conducted using the most complete compilation of the (z) data from the literature. It was found that the values of the (z) obtained with the manually determined continuum are systematically higher than those obtained from extrapolated continuum. The difference varies from 5% at z=2 up to 33% at z=4.5, respectively.
Formal estimation of the random component in global maps of total electron content
Authors: Choliy V.
Published: October 2016

Random component of the total electron content (TEC) maps, produced by global navigation satellite system processing centres, was analysed. Helmert transform (HT) and two-dimension singular spectrum analysis (2dSSA) were used. Optimal parameters (in the sense calculation speed versus quality) of the 2dSSA windows were determined along with precision estimations.
Formas de tratamiento en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Martínez Gavilán María Dolores
Published: October 2016

El sistema de las formas de tratamiento recibe en cada época una organización distinta, dependiente de la estructura social. En él imprimen su huella las transformaciones operadas en el seno de la sociedad. Es un fenómeno sujeto a modas y, por tanto, cambiante. Las causas de estos cambios debemos buscarlas no en factores lingüísticos exclusivamente, sino en la acción de tendencias colectivas de carácter social, que son las que provocan las modificaciones y ajustan el sistema a las necesidades de la sociedad que lo utiliza.

Creemos también que son factores pragmáticos, como la actitud del hablante hacia el interlocutor, el estatus social de uno y otro o la relación establecida entre ambos, los que determinan la elección de una determinada forma de tratamiento en cada acto de habla concreto. Partiendo de estas premisas, se analizan las formas de tratamiento en el siglo XVII, momento crucial en la historia de nuestro idioma porque en él se camina hacia la configuración del español moderno. Se utiliza para ello la amplia información aportada por los tratadistas gramaticales, especialmente los que dedican la enseñanza del castellano a extranjeros, conscientes todos ellos de la importancia concedida a estas cuestiones en la puntillosa sociedad española de la época.
Correlación modal español-latín en los "Modi Loquendi Latino & Hispano Sermone" de Pedro de Madariaga
Authors: Maquieira Rodríguez Marina A.
Published: October 2016

Los Modi Loquendi Latino & Hispano sermone constituyen, en el panorama de las ideas lingüísticas del siglo XVI, un tratado catalogable hoy de investigación en el terreno de la Lingüística Aplicada. Preocupado por los problemas que el proceso de la traducción -directa e inversa- entre el latín y el español suscitaba en la época, Madariaga va analizando, en esta obra, uno a uno los desajustes modales existentes entre ambas lenguas. Su exposición se convierte, así, en una aportación a la práctica de la traducción, con una clara finalidad didáctica, formulada expresamente por el autor. A la hora de enfrentarse a tal proyecto, Madariaga ha de optar por una de las dos posibilidades que se le ofrecían: por la de enfocar el proceso a partir del latín, considerando a éste como lengua original, o la de hacerlo a partir del castellano. El vizcaíno optará por la segunda, convencido como está de la innegable importancia de la lengua nativa, de asimilación inconsciente, como vehículo para la enseñanza lingüística. Los Modi se constituyen, de esta forma, en un tratado sobre la práctica de la traducción, construido desde la perspectiva de un defensor de la dignidad del romance.

The Modi Loquendi Latino & Hispano sermone, as far as the world of linguistic ideas in the 16th century is concerned, constitute a field of research within which we consider Applied Linguistics to be today.

Interested in the topic of the problems poned by the process of translation -both from and finto the native tongue- between Latin and Spanish at the time, Madariaga analyses in this work, the modal mismatches between both tongues. The exposition is, in this sense, a contribution to the praxis of translation, with a clear didactic aim, openly expressed as such by the author. When facing the task of developing that project, Madariaga has to choose between: either approaching the process from the Latin, taking this as the source language, or doing it from the Spanish. The Biscayan decides on the second, as he is convinced of the undeniable importance of the native tongue, of unconscious assimilation, as vehicle for the teaching of language. The Modi are, in this sense, a treatise on the praxis of translation, built from the point of view of a defender of the dignity of the vernacular.
Una cuestion terminológica: el nombre de Hispanoamérica
Authors: González Boixo José C.
Published: October 2016

Una cuestion terminológica: el nombre de Hispanoamérica
Segunda persona y tiempo futuro en dos novelas de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Ordiz Francisco Javier
Published: October 2016

Segunda persona y tiempo futuro en dos novelas de Carlos Fuentes
La sílaba en la teoría gramatical del siglo XVI
Authors: Maquieira Rodríguez Marina A.
Published: October 2016

La sílaba en la teoría gramatical del siglo XVI
El par complementario "perdo"-"pereo" y otros modificadores paralelos
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Antonio María
Published: October 2016

El par complementario "perdo"-"pereo" y otros modificadores paralelos
La silbante *S en indo-europeo
Authors: Jiménez Zamudio Rafael
Published: October 2016

La silbante *S en indo-europeo
Traducción y lexemática
Authors: Domínguez Domínguez Juan Francisco
Published: October 2016

Traducción y lexemática
La sustantivación del adjetivo en latín
Authors: Arias Abellán Carmen
Published: October 2016

La sustantivación del adjetivo en latín
Algunas observaciones sobre el dativo en Plauto
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Antonio María
Published: October 2016

Algunas observaciones sobre el dativo en Plauto
Notas sobre la personificación de los peces en el "Lazarillo" de 1555
Authors: Vega Rodríguez Pilar
Published: October 2016

Notas sobre la personificación de los peces en el "Lazarillo" de 1555
El elemento cómico el "L'ecolier de Salamanque", de Paul Scarron
Authors: Ruiz Álvarez Rafael , Mezcua Feria Aurora
Published: October 2016

El elemento cómico el "L'ecolier de Salamanque", de Paul Scarron
Noel Devaulx y la prosa poética
Authors: Brito de la Nuez Inmaculada
Published: October 2016

Noel Devaulx y la prosa poética
La omisión sensible: texto y subtexto en el relato "Imposible" de Marguerite Duras
Authors: Gamoneda Lanza Amelia
Published: October 2016

La omisión sensible: texto y subtexto en el relato "Imposible" de Marguerite Duras
Periglaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: la Sierra de Cebolleda
Authors: Gómez Lende Manuel , Serrano Cañadas Enrique , González García María , González Trueba Juan José
Published: October 2016

La Sierra de Cebolleda forma un cordal de orientación E-W inserto en la divisoria de aguas cantábrica y localizada al sur del macizo occidental de Picos de Europa. El propósito fundamental del estudio es el análisis de la importancia del periglaciarismo presente y pasado en una sierra de mediana altitud de las montañas cantábricas (Gildar, 2.074 m; Cebolleda, 2.054 m y Gabanceda, 2.042 m; como máximas cotas). Para subrayar la importancia de la morfogénesis periglaciar en el paisaje actual de la sierra de Cebolleda, presentamos las dife-rentes morfologías asociadas a ello, el diferente grado de actividad que conservan y su importancia en la reconstrucción paleoambiental de estas montañas. Para ello se ha partido de la elaboración de un mapa geomorfológico, como herramienta esencial de análisis y conocimiento de la distribución de formas y procesos, en el que se recogen todas las morfologías inventariadas; y se han distinguido entre las morfologías periglaciares heredadas y las activas en la actualidad, resaltando fundamentalmente las altitudes, la exposición y los ambientes concretos en los que se encuentran. De entre las morfologías heredadas destacan glaciares rocosos relictos con frentes localizados a cotas superiores a los 1.600 m; siendo a partir de los 1.800 m donde de forma nítida, aunque en un piso morfogenético muy reducido, se dan morfologías más relacionadas con dinámicas nivoperiglaciares. En todas ellas, tanto en formas y procesos heredados como en las activas, se destaca una fuerte disimetría norte-sur, siendo mucho más representativas en las exposiciones septentrionales.
ANÁLISIS GEOMÁTICO DE BLOQUES ARADORES Y LÓBULOS EN LOS PUERTOS DE ÁLIVA (PICOS DE EUROPA, CORDILLERA CANTÁBRICA)
Authors: Sanjosé Blasco José Juan de , Serrano Cañadas Enrique , Gómez Lende Manuel
Published: October 2016

En Áliva (Picos de Europa, Montaña Cantábrica) se ha realizado un control de la dinámica de lóbulos de solifluxión, y bloques aradores. Los Puertos de Áliva se sitúan entre el grupo Peña Vieja, en el macizo central, y el macizo oriental o de Andara. Constituido por una sucesión de pizarras negras con intercalaciones de conglomerados calcáreos, calizas y are-niscas, la Formación Lebeña forma una depresión donde domina el modelado glaciar. En las laderas destacan los lóbulos, las terracillas, bloques aradores, acarcavamientos, deslizamientos de ladera y desprendimientos. Con el objetivo de conocer la dinámica geomorfológica actual en los Puertos de Áliva, y establecer la importancia de los procesos asociados al hielo en la transferencia de sedimentos y la erosión de suelos, se ha realizado un control geomático de lóbulos, bloques aradores, cárcavas y deslizamientos. Estos se complementan con registros tér-micos de suelos, análisis de la Estación Meteorológica Automática y cartografía geomorfológica. Las observaciones geomáticas se han realizado entre 2008 y 2015. La técnica empleada ha sido GPS-RTK y TLS. La zona se ha dividido en tres áreas de trabajo: parcela 1, medición de tres lóbulos; parcela 2, observación de dos bloques aradores y un lóbulo y parcela 3, con medición de cuatro bloques aradores. El desplazamiento de los lóbulos y bloques aradores, con promedios menores de 0,5 cm a-1 denotan una baja actividad. El régimen térmico del suelo señala la inexistencia o moderada presencia del hielo en el suelo, por ello se plantea la hipótesis de que correspondan a geoformas heredadas del pasado reciente, con condiciones ambientales más favorables a la actividad periglaciar y con una dinámica actual asociada a la acción nival.
Oral Effects and Early Implant Survival Results After Imatinib Discontinuation Therapy for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Dixon Douglas R. , Yassin Alaa
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Little is known regarding the success, failure, or complication rates of advanced implant procedures in patients after discontinuation therapy of long‐term medications for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This case report presents initial results of a case involving implant placement in the mandible and maxilla as well as reduction of palatal oral pigmentation in a patient discontinuing long‐term tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for CML.

Case Presentation: A 57‐year‐old male was referred to the Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, for an assessment of edentulous areas (tooth sites #3 and #14) and failing tooth #19. Previous medical treatment included oral administration (>10 years) of TKI for the treatment of CML. Systemic complications arising from long‐term TKI therapy were treated with discontinuation of this medication. Concurrently, after multispecialty dental and medical consultation, extraction of tooth #19 with immediate implant placement and bilateral sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement were successfully performed during three separate surgical appointments. Additionally, marked reduction of oral palatal pigmentation was observed during the surgical and restorative phases after TKI discontinuation.

Conclusions: Patients with a history of long‐term TKIs for CML are at risk for developing complications that result in discontinuation of therapy. Long‐term benefits of therapy may allow these patients to enjoy remission with an extended and improved quality of life. Patients undergoing discontinuation therapy may seek dental care. Therefore, dental providers need to understand these systemic interactions and, with multispecialty consultation, may help effectively treat these individuals.
The Prevalence of Oral Leukoplakia: Results From a Romanian Medical Center
Authors: Vlad Ramona , Panainte Irinel , Stoica Alexandra , Monea Monica
Published: October 2016

The aim of our study is to measure the prevalence of oral leukoplakia in a selected population group in association with variables as gender, age, smoking and alcohol intake. The mucosal lesions were diagnosed and classified according to internationally accepted criteria. Results showed that the majority of oral leukoplakia belonged to homogenous type and only o few were non-homogenous, with a prevalence of 3.32% 1.10% respectively, a difference that was statistically significant. The most frequent location of oral leukoplakia was the oral mucosa of the cheek, lower lip, tongue and floor of the oral cavity. Our conclusion was that oral leukoplakia occurred more frequently in men over the age of 45 and smoking and alcohol abuse were positive correlated factors.
Composition Chimique Et Influence De Différents Tweens Sur Le Pouvoir Antimicrobien Des Huiles Essentielles De Ocimum Gratissimum, Ocimum Basilicum, Laurus Nobilis Et Melaleuca Quinquenervia
Authors: Bonou Jacob , Baba-Moussa F. , Noumavo Pacôme Agossou , Ahouandjinou Hélène , Adéoti Kifouli , Métognon Idermine , Akpagana Koffi , Mansourou Moudachirou , Gbénou Joachim Djimon , Toukourou Fatiou , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: October 2016

This study aimed firstly to determine the chemical composition, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of essential oils extracted from Ocimum gratissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Laurus nobilis and Melaleuca quinquenervia collected from Benin (West Africa) on five oral microorganisms (Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 24974, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Candida albicans IP 4872), and secondly to assess the influence of different tweens on antimicrobial potential of four oils against previous microorganisms. Using Clevenger apparatus, oil extraction was performed by steam distillation and the chemical compositions was determined by chromatography. The antimicrobial activity of different oils was evaluated according to microdilution method using ELISA microplates. From this study, Tween 60 proved best to others tweens (20, 40 and 80) by ensuring proper dispersion and distribution of oils. With tween 60, O. brasilicum essential oil proved the most effective of the four oils with the lowest MIC (0.078 mg/ml) and CMB (0.078 mg/ml) and is effective on all oral germs tested. Chemical screening of these species revealed the presence of several compounds among which thymol (30.62%), para-cymene (25.25%) and gamma-terpinolene (24.24%) (O. gratissimum); methyl-chavicol (85.92%) (O. basilicum); eugenol (42.50%), myrcene (28.09%) (L. nobilis) and beta-ocimene (29.62%), alphapinene (12.11%) and viridiflorol (11.85%) (M. quinquenervia).
Epidemiology of Use of a Traditional Spirit “Sodabi” in the General Population of Togo
Authors: Pelei Tagba , Elolo Osseyi G. , Courdjo Lamboni Raphael
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the profile of sodabi consumption in the Togolese population. This transverse descriptive study was conducted over a nine month period from June 9, 2013 to March 9, 2014, throughout the five regions of Togo. Findings demonstrated a clear profile of 2388 sodabi drinkers. 1672 (70.02%) men and 716 (29.98%) women. Prevalence was 62.45% in the population studied. Mean age was 35.3 years. Almost all subjects interrogated (98.48%) were togolese nationals. The study included the following ethnic and regional groups, the Kabyè-Tem ethnic group (43.59%) and the Paragourma-Akan groups (23.50%) were the most represented among the subjects interrogated. More than a third (25.67%) of subjects interviewed was unemployed with a higher unemployment rate in the Maritime region and Lomé Commune (37.16%). Most of the people interrogated (49.66%) were living as couples (married or cohabiting). 4.06% of subjects drank sodabi only. 51.40% of drinkers abused sodabi (40.59% men against 10.81% women). The prevalence of noxious alcohol use was high (12.35%) among unemployed participants. 25.51% of drinkers visited drinking establishments once a week and 22.10% almost every day. The euphoric effect of alcohol (45.23%) and friendly atmosphere (19.39%) of the drinking establishment were the main reasons for attendance (64.62%). Of the damage caused by the abuse of sodabi, 39.26% of subjects showed somatic or neurological complications and 60.74% psychological and psychiatric complications. Updating these data seems necessary, because combating excessive drinking is one of the main objectives of current togolese public health policy.
Influence Du Poids Maternel Sur L’evolution De La Grossesse Chez Les Gestantes Dans La Ville De Parakou En 2015 Au Benin
Authors: Obossou Achille Awadé Afoukou , Bagnan Angéline Josiane Tonato , Hounkponou Ahou Fanny Maryline Nouessèwa , Hounkpatin Benjamin Ignace Bodounrin , Sidi Rachidi Imorou , Salifou Kabibou , Vodouhe Mahublo Vinadou , Oza Edna Mirabelle , Djrolo François
Published: October 2016

Introduction:The World Health Organization considers for many years obesity as a pandemic which affects as well the developed countries as the developing ones.The consequences of the overweight on the medical, gynaeco-obstetrical, and surgical plan are no longer demonstrating. Objective:The current paper aims to study the influence of the weight of the mother on the evolution of the pregnancy with the pregnant women in the town of Parakou. Material and methodologicalapproaches: It was about a descriptive transversal study for an analytical purpose with forecast data collection. It has been conducted on a period of six (06) months going from 23rd of February to 31st of August 2015 and had covered 272 pregnant women in the town of Parakou.The sampling probabilistic method has been used according to the survey technique. Results:The average age of the surveyed women was about 26, 1± 5, 8 years old with the extremes of 14 and 51 years old. The predominance of the overweight and the obesity with the pregnant women in Parakou was respectively about 34, 9% and 15, 8%. The diabetes pregnant woman, the exceeding of term and the macrosomy were statistically associated with obesity. The diabetes pregnant women, the exceeding of term, the resuscitation at birth were statistically associated with overweight. Conclusion: The fight against overweight is one of the great challenges of this century. It has some consequences on obstetrical plan. A planning of pregnancies with the patients of overweight would then permit a clear improvement of the undertaking of their social securitywithin the maternities and an improvement of the maternal, perinatal and neonatal indicators.
Comparing Common Programming Languages to Parse Big XML File in Terms of Executing Time, Memory Usage, CPU Consumption and Line Number on Two Platforms
Authors: Abdo Ahmed Mahdee , Alali Sardar Hasan
Published: October 2016

XML files are used widely to save the information especially in the field of bioinformatics about the whole genome. There are many programming languages and modules used to parse XML files in different platforms such as Linux, Macintosh and Windows. The aim of this report is to reveal and determine which common programming language to use and on which platform is better to parse XML files in terms of memory usage, CPU time consumption and executing time.
A Contribution to the Knowledge of Vascular Flora of the Site of Biological and Ecological Interest of Kharouba in the Central Plateau of Morocco
Authors: Youssef Dallahi , Ahmed El Aboudi , Abderrahman Aafi
Published: October 2016

The current study aims to quantify and evaluate the Tetraclinis stands (Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.) Masters) richness and floristic diversity at Kharouba Site of Biological and Ecological Interest (SBEI). The 150 floristic surveys conducted in the site allowed us to inventory 143 species distinguished with rare taxa majority that are distributed over 54 families and 123 genera. This reduced number of taxa reflects the alarming biodiversity deterioration of the SBEI. The study also enabled us to define the biological spectrum of the study area that is characterized by a significant abundance of Therophytes.
PENGELOLAAN HAMATHRIPS PADA KACANG HIJAU MELALUI PENDEKATAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU
Authors: Indiati S.W.
Published: October 2016

Thrips Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) merupakan salah satu
hama utama pada kacang hijau, terutama pada musim kemarau.
Kehilangan hasil kacang hijau akibat thrips mencapai 67%
sehingga pengendalian thrips sangat diperlukan. Pengelolaan hama
thrips secara terpadu perlu digalakkan untuk mengurangi dampak
negatif penggunaan insektisida kimia. Strategi pengendalian thrips
melalui pendekatan pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) dapat
dilakukan melalui sanitasi lingkungan sebelum tanam, pengaturan
waktu tanam, dan budi daya tanaman sehat. Varietas Vima 2 yang
toleran thrips saat berbunga dan penggunaan mulsa dapat
dikembangkan di beberapa daerah endemis thrips. Kombinasi
penyemprotan insektisida fipronil 2 ml/l pada 10 hari setelah tanam
(HST) dilanjutkan dengan insektisida nabati pada 17, 24, dan 31
HST efektif mengendalikan thrips selama fase vegetatif dan dapat
dipadukan dengan varietas Vima 2. Efektivitas pengendalian dapat
ditingkatkan bila insektisida nabati disemprotkan pada 24 dan 31
HST dipadukan dengan insektisida fipronil 2 ml/l dua kali pada 10
dan 17 HST. Kedua paket pengendalian tersebut efektif menekan
intensitas serangan thrips, meningkatkan hasil 47-77%, serta menghemat
penggunaan insektisida 50-75%. Perpaduan penggunaan
varietas Vima 2 dan aplikasi insektisida kimia berbahan aktif fipronil
atau imidakloprid 2 ml/l pada 10, 17, 24, dan 31 HST konsisten
efektif menekan serangan thrips dan meningkatkan hasil antara
150-175%.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN PANGAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN TANAMAN RAKYAT
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: October 2016

Peningkatan produksi pangan menjadi salah satu target pemerintah
dalam RPJM 2015-2019. Selama ini lahan sumber produksi pangan
utama ialah lahan kering dan lahan sawah yang luasnya terus
mengalami penurunan. Hutan Tanaman Rakyat (HTR) yang
dicanangkan oleh pemerintah sebagai bagian dari upaya peningkatan
produksi kayu dapat menjadi sumber baru produksi pangan
nasional. Tanaman pangan dapat ditanam sebagai tanaman sela di
antara tanaman kehutanan. Pada kawasan HTR terdapat berbagai
faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman di antaranya
cahaya matahari, ketersediaan air, dan kesuburan tanah. Berkaitan
dengan hal tersebut, strategi pengembangannya ialah 1) pengembangan
varietas toleran naungan, misalnya untuk padi gogo varietas
Situ Bagendit, Batu Tegi, Situ Patenggang, dan Limboto yang mampu
berproduksi antara 2,41-4,37 t/ha; kedelai varietas Dena 1 dan
Dena 2 dengan rata-rata hasil 1,69 dan 1,35 t/ha, serta beberapa
varietas jagung yang mampu menghasilkan jagung kering pipil 3,9
t/ha pada kondisi naungan 60%, 2) pengembangan berbasis
konservasi dengan menerapkan beberapa prinsip di antaranya
pembuatan teras, guludan, rorak, pemanfaatan mulsa dan
penanaman rumput, 3) pemanfaatan teknologi embung untuk
menyimpan air hujan, dan 4) pengembangan terintegrasi dengan
ternak dengan memanfaatkan serasah tanaman pangan untuk
pakan. Pemanfaatan lahan HTR sekitar satu juta ha (20% dari total
luas HTR saat ini) dapat memberikan tambahan produksi padi 1,5
juta ton beras atau 3,9 juta ton jagung pipil atau 1,35 juta ton kedelai.
KUALITAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS SUSU KAMBING PERAH PERSILANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rusdiana S. , Praharani L. , Sumanto Sumanto
Published: October 2016

Susu kambing perah disukai masyarakat karena bergizi tinggi dan
berkhasiat sebagai obat penyakit tertentu. Produksi susu kambing
Indonesia berasal dari induk kambing luar negeri, dan kambing perah
peranakan yang sudah beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan tropis
di Indonesia. Kambing yang dibudidayakan untuk produksi susu dan
daging adalah kambing peranakan etawa (PE), saanen, anglo nubian,
dan sapera. Kambing PE paling banyak dipelihara peternak, tetapi
produksi susunya belum optimal. Produksi susu kambing PE ratarata
857,3 ml/ekor/hari, kambing sapera 1.470 ml/ekor/hari, dan
kambing anglo nubian 1.190 ml/ekor/hari. Produksi susu kambing
sapera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kambing PE dan anglo
nubian, namun komposisi kimiawi (protein, laktosa) susu kambing
sapera lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kambing PE dan anglo
nubian. Demikian pula puncak produksi susu kambing induk sapera
(2.190 ml/ekor/hari) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kambing
anglo nubian (1.980 ml/ekor/hari), dan PE (1.217 ml/ekor/hari).
Kualitas dan komposisi susu kambing mirip dengan air susu ibu (ASI)
dan susu kambing dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti ASI. Adanya
peluang bisnis dari meningkatnya permintaan susu kambing dan
harga susu kambing yang cukup tinggi telah menarik banyak orang
untuk membudidayakan kambing perah.
MITIGASI EMISI GAS METANA MELALUI PENGELOLAAN LAHAN SAWAH
Authors: Wihardjaka A.
Published: October 2016

Metana (CH4) merupakan salah satu gas rumah kaca dengan indeks
potensi pemanasan global 21 kali molekul karbon dioksida (CO2).
Salah satu sumber emisi metana di sektor pertanian adalah lahan
sawah. Lahan sawah Indonesia yang luasnya sekitar 8,08 juta ha
diduga memberi kontribusi sekitar 1% dari total global metana.
Emisi metana dari lahan sawah ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor,
antara lain tipe tanah, pengelolaan air irigasi, suhu tanah, varietas
tanaman, pemupukan, dan musim tanam. Strategi penurunan emisi
metana dari lahan sawah dilakukan melalui pengelolaan lahan
dengan mengintegrasikan beberapa komponen teknologi, meliputi
penggunaan varietas unggul rendah emisi, pemberian pupuk organik
matang (pupuk kandang dan kompos), pemupukan nitrogen yang
mengandung sulfur (ZA) atau pupuk lambat urai, sistem irigasi
berselang/terputus, dan sistem tanpa olah tanah atau olah tanah
konservasi. Varietas padi dengan emisi metana rendah adalah
Ciherang, Cisantana, Tukad Balian, Memberamo, Inpari 1,
Dodokan, Way Apoburu, dan IR64, sedangkan varietas dengan emisi
metana tinggi antara lain Cisadane, IR72, dan Ciliwung. Cara
mitigasi yang dipilih hendaknya tidak mengorbankan aspek
produksi beras dan diupayakan bersifat spesifik lokasi. Selain itu,
prioritas upaya mitigasi perlu diarahkan pada ekosistem sawah yang
memiliki potensi emisi metana tinggi, yaitu lahan sawah beririgasi.
Strategi penurunan emisi metana dari lahan sawah dilakukan dengan
mengombinasikan komponen teknologi rendah emisi dalam budi
daya tanaman padi tanpa menurunkan hasil gabah.
High-frequency Direct Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration from Leaves Derived from In Vitro-Germinated Seedlings of a Coffea arabica Hybrid Cultivar
Authors: Kahia Jane , Kirika Margaret , Lubabali Hudson , Mantell Sinclair
Published: October 2016

Breeding work carried out during the period 1971–85 by the Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru, Kenya resulted in the release of a new improved hybrid Coffea arabica named Ruiru 11. The cultivar combines resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) and leaf rust, with high yield and good cup quality attributes. The propagation by F1 hybrid seeds production, cuttings, and tip grafting do not produce enough planting materials. There was a need to explore alternative methods and tissue culture offers potential options. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of explant sources and cytokinins on induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. Eight different explants were cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 µm benzylaminopurine (BAP). The effect of kinetin, N6-(2-isopentyl) adenine (2iP) evaluated at (0, 0.5, 5, or 25 µm) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.5, 1.0, or 5 µm) added in separate experiments was also evaluated. The percentage of embryogenic cultures and the numbers of embryos per explant were determined after 3 months’ culture. The explant type had a significant effect (P > 0.05) on the induction of somatic embryos. Explants from in vitro-germinated seedlings produced the highest embryogenic cultures (90%) and the highest mean number of embryos (19.36) per explant. Cytokinins strongly enhanced induction and regeneration of somatic embryos. TDZ at 1 µm produced the highest embryogenic cultures (100%) and the highest mean number of embryos (24.2). The embryos were germinated on half-strength MS medium without any hormones. A high (98%) survival rate of the regenerated plantlets was recorded over all the treatments in the greenhouse. This is the first report on induction of high-frequency direct somatic embryos from coffee juvenile tissues. This is of great significance in tissue culture and indeed molecular biology manipulations because it allows regeneration of coffee from several explants.
Anthocyanin Production Using Rough Bluegrass Treated with High-Intensity Light
Authors: Petrella Dominic P. , Metzger James D. , Blakeslee Joshua J. , Nangle Edward J. , Gardner David S.
Published: October 2016

Anthocyanins are plant pigments that are in demand for medicinal and industrial uses. However, anthocyanin production is limited due to the harvest potential of the species currently used as anthocyanin sources. Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) is a perennial turfgrass known for accumulating anthocyanins, and may have the potential to serve as a source of anthocyanins through artificial light treatments. The objectives of this research were to determine optimal light conditions that favor anthocyanin synthesis in rough bluegrass, and to determine the suitability of rough bluegrass as a source of anthocyanins. When exposed to high-intensity white light, rough bluegrass increased anthocyanin content by 100-fold on average, and anthocyanin contents greater than 0.2% of dry tissue weight were observed in some samples. Blue light, at intensities between 150 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1, was the only wavelength that increased anthocyanin content. However, when red light was applied with blue light at 30% or 50% of the total light intensity, anthocyanin content was increased compared with blue light alone. Further experiments demonstrated that these results may be potentially due to a combination of photosynthetic and photoreceptor-mediated regulation. Rough bluegrass is an attractive anthocyanin production system, since leaf tissue can be harvested while preserving meristematic tissues that allow new leaves to rapidly grow; thereby allowing multiple harvests in a single growing season and greater anthocyanin yields.
Crop Load Density Affects ‘York’ Apple Juice and Hard Cider Quality
Authors: Peck Gregory , McGuire Megan , Boudreau Thomas , Stewart Amanda
Published: October 2016

To assess the impact crop load has on hard cider chemistry, ‘York’ apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) trees were hand thinned to three different crop loads: low [two apples per cm2 branch cross-sectional area (BCSA)], medium (four apples per BCSA), and high (six apples per BCSA). Higher crop loads produced smaller, less acidic fruit that were slightly more mature. In juice made from fruit from these treatments, the total polyphenol content did not differ at harvest, but, after fermentation, the medium crop load had 27% and the high crop load had 37% greater total polyphenol content than the low crop load. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentration in juice made from fruit from the low crop load treatment had 18% and 22% greater than the medium and high crop load, respectively. YAN concentrations in juice from the medium and high crop load treatments were similar. Our results provide apple growers and hard cider producers with a better understanding of how apple crop load impacts YAN concentrations in juice and total polyphenol concentrations in juice and cider.
Composition of Commercial Strawberry Cultivars and Advanced Selections as Affected by Season, Harvest, and Postharvest Storage
Authors: Cayo Yanina Perez , Sargent Steven , Nunes Cecilia do Nascimento , Whitaker Vance
Published: October 2016

Strawberries are one of the most important food crops grown in Florida, with a harvested area of ≈10,000 acres. The University of Florida strawberry breeding program develops cultivars adapted to this region and its particular weather conditions, with a major aim of increasing overall quality. The objective of this study was to compare the fruit of advanced breeding selections to those of commercial cultivars, for compositional attributes. Seven different strawberry genotypes were compared at harvest and after 7 days at 4 °C across multiple harvest dates during two consecutive years. Compositional attributes were highly influenced by year, harvest date within a year, genotype, and storage. Overall, compared with other genotypes, selection FL 09-127 exhibited consistently higher soluble solids and total sugar (TS) contents at harvest and after cold storage. Higher ascorbic acid (AA) and phenolic contents at harvest were observed in selection FL 07-193. However, its anthocyanin content was among the lowest. In contrast, FL 10-47 exhibited relatively low AA content at harvest but consistently high total anthocyanins (TACs) and total phenolic (TP) contents after storage. Overall, results from this study provide valuable information to the breeding process by identifying new genotypes with improved compositional attributes combined with suitable quality characteristics after cold storage.
Physiological Acclimation of Taxodium Hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan 118’ Plants to Short-term Drought Stress and Recovery
Authors: Shi Qin , Yin Yunlong , Wang Zhiquan , Fan Wencai , Hua Jianfeng
Published: October 2016

The physiological acclimation of Taxodium hybrid ‘zhongshanshan 118’ (T.118) plants to a progressive drought stress and drought-stressed to recovery treatment (DS-R) was investigated in this study. Plants of control (C) treatment were watered daily throughout the experiment. Results indicated that water deficit reduced stomatal conductance (gS) to improve water use efficiency (WUE) and, as a consequence, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were also decreased in DS-R T.118 plants compared with C plants. These reductions became more significant with decreasing soil water availability. Correlation analysis showed gS was positively correlated (P < 0.01) with the soil water content as well as leaf relative water content (RWC). There was a tendency to accumulate proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidases, and membrane electrolyte leakage as stress intensity increased. Moreover, drought stress induced significant (P < 0.05) decline in total chlorophyll contents (Chlt) and increase of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) on day 8 as a photo-protective mechanism. Cluster analysis distinguished the adaption of T.118 plants to water deficit in two ways. First, photosynthesis was related to thermal dissipation, and second antioxidation was related to morphology and osmosis. Furthermore, tested parameters showed a reversed tendency and restored equivalently to C levels after 9 days of rewatering. These findings suggest that T.118 plants demonstrated considerable tolerance to short-term drought stress and recovery due to a high degree of plasticity in physiological acclimation.
Handheld versus Mobile Data Acquisitions for Spatial Analysis of Natural Turfgrass Sports Fields
Authors: Straw Chase M. , Grubbs Rebecca A. , Tucker Kevin A. , Henry Gerald M.
Published: October 2016

Research compared handheld and mobile data acquisitions of soil moisture [volumetric water content (VWC)], soil compaction (penetration resistance), and turfgrass vigor [normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)] of four natural turfgrass sports fields using two sampling grid sizes (4.8 × 4.8 m and 4.8 × 9.6 m). Differences between the two sampling grid sizes were minimal, indicating that sampling with handheld devices using a 4.8 × 9.6 m grid (120–130 samples) would achieve results similar to the smaller grid size. Central tendencies and data distributions varied among the handheld and mobile devices. Moderate to strong correlation coefficients were observed for VWC and NDVI; however, weak to moderate correlation coefficients were observed for penetration resistance at three of the four locations. Kriged maps of VWC and NDVI displayed similar patterns of variability between handheld and mobile devices, but at different magnitudes. Spatial maps of penetration resistance were inconsistent due to device design and user reliability. Consequently, mobile devices may provide the most reliable results for penetration resistance of natural turfgrass sports fields.
Developmental Changes in Gene Expression Drive Accumulation of Lycopene and β-Carotene in Watermelon
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Shi , Gao Peng , Luan Feishi , Davis Angela R.
Published: October 2016

Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) is an excellent daily source of dietary lycopene and β-carotene. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes relative to lycopene and β-carotene accumulation in watermelon fruit, six watermelon accessions with different flesh colors were examined in this study: white-fleshed PI 459074, pale-yellow-fleshed ‘Cream of Saskatchewan’, light-pink-fleshed PI 482255, orange-yellow-fleshed ‘WM-Clr-1’, and red-fleshed ‘LSW177’ and ‘MSW28’. The expression patterns of eight genes (PSY1, PSY2, PDS, ZDS, CRTISO, LCYB, NCED1, and NCED7) involved in lycopene and β-carotene biosynthesis and biodegradation were analyzed. The results confirmed the accumulation of large quantities of lycopene in red-fleshed ‘LSW177’ and ‘MSW28’, reflecting the elevated expression of PSY1 and the low transcriptional expression of NCED1. The relative expression levels of NCED1 likely play an important role in the color development of the light-pink-fleshed PI 482255, whereas the reduced transcriptional expression of PSY1 and the increased expression of NCED1 appear to be the main factors contributing to the formation of white flesh in the fruit of PI 459074. Low transcriptional expression of PSY1 results in the pale-yellow flesh of the ‘Cream of Saskatchewan’ fruit.
Cloning of the Self-incompatibility SFB Gene from Chinese Apricot ‘Xiaobaixing’ and Construction of the SFB Expression Vectors
Authors: Liu Hai-nan , Feng Jian-rong , Liu Xiao-fang , Li Wen-hui , Lv Wen-juan , Luo Ming
Published: October 2016

Three kinds of expression vectors of a pollen-S determinant were constructed to provide a reference for molecular breeding of self-compatible (SC) Prunus species. An S-haplotype-specific F-box (SFB) protein gene from the ‘Xiaobaixing’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca) was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 3′-rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (3′-RACE). A 1136-bp sequence complementary to the 3′-end of the cDNA (GenBank accession number KP938528.2) with a 912-bp complete open reading frame (ORF) was obtained. The deduced amino acid sequence contained an F-box domain, two variable regions, and two hypervariable regions with structural characteristics similar to SFB in other Rosaceae plants. Sense, antisense, and RNA interference (RNAi) vectors for SFB were constructed by enzyme restriction. The target fragment was restricted using the corresponding restriction enzyme and then directionally inserted between the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and the nopaline synthase terminator (NOS-ter) of the expression vector pCAMBIA-35S-MCS-NOS-NPTII. The intron-containing hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) was obtained by fusion PCR. The constructed vectors were transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 by freezing/thawing. The RNAi vector of SFB was also transformed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The successful construction of these three expression vectors provides a basis for transforming ‘Xiaobaixing’ apricot and the breeding of SC Prunus cultivars.