bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of ground shaking in characteristic earthquakes on the Wellington and Alpine faults, New Zealand, estimated from a distributed-source model
Authors: Dowrick David J. , Rhoades David A.
Published: September 2019

A distributed-source model, recently developed by the authors, was used to study the spatial distribution of Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities and peak ground accelerations (PGA) in characteristic earthquakes, of Mw7.5 and 8.1 respectively, on the 75 km long Wellington fault and the 413 km long Alpine fault. In each event the predicted intensities reach MM10 and the PGAs reach 0.8g near the fault trace over much of its length, varying along it depending on the location of asperities. PGAs are related to MM intensity using a quadratic expression derived using New Zealand data. Comparisons are made between the PGA patterns estimated indirectly from the distributed-source MM intensity model and those estimated directly from a PGA model, which defines site-source distance as the shortest distance from the site to the fault. There are many similarities and some differences, the latter being attributable largely to the different methods of measuring site-to-source distances. Finally selected seismic risk issues for people and the built environment, including lifelines, are considered for Alpine fault earthquakes.
The M8.8 Chile earthquake, 27 February 2010
Authors: Cowan Hugh , Beattie Graeme , Hill Katherine , Evans Noel , McGhie Craig , Gibson Gary , Lawrance Graeme , Hamilton John , Allan Penny , Bryant Martin , Davis Mike , Hyland Clark , Oyarzo-Vera Claudio , Quintana-Gallo Patricio , Smith Peter
Published: September 2019

The largest earthquake of 2010 by magnitude (MW8.8), and the subject of this article, struck south-central Chile in the early hours of 27 February 2010. The earthquake was a “mega-thrust” event, involving the rupture of a section of the Nazca-South American plate boundary, where the Nazca plate dips at a shallow angle beneath the Pacific margin of South America.

Understanding this event and its effects, including tsunami is of particular significance to urban centres that share close proximity to “subduction zones”. These include Seattle, Vancouver, Tokyo and Wellington, together with smaller New Zealand towns of the eastern North Island and upper South Island. The tectonic setting of south-central Chile has similarities to the East Coast of the North Island, and the modern built environment of Chile shares attributes with New Zealand. However, New Zealand has not experienced a large subduction earthquake in the North Island region in at least 200 years, so an understanding of the Chile event and its impact is important for bench-marking of local practices and building resilience.

This report summarises the observations of the NZSEE/EQC teams, supplemented by media updates on the Chilean reconstruction experience one year after the earthquake.
Relationship with peers of young school-aged children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ledwoń Ewa , Szlenk-Czyczerska Elżbieta , Gawlik Marta
Published: September 2019

Background: Functioning in a peer group plays an important role in child development. Building self-esteem of children depends on many factors such as physical health, self-evaluation of their physical performance, academic achievement, social support, family relationships, as well as relationships with peers and teachers. Importance of contacts with peers increases during school-age. At this time children are not able to reject the opinion of other people and subject their behaviour completely to the expectations of their peers. When the need for
emotional contact is not satisfied, the complex of being different appears. Isolation within group causes a sense of inferiority, the child becomes passive and resigned. Children, who are chronically ill, rejected or isolated often follow negative emotions in their actions, they become aggressive towards other children or do not want to continue learning. Often the decision about an individual teaching plan results in further isolation of the child. The child’s position in the peer group affects the developing personality, self-confidence and self-esteem.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the interpersonal relationships of young school-aged children with type 1 diabetes in their peer groups. Material and methods: The study was conducted on children with type 1 diabetes and their parents, who are
supervised by Clinic of Diabetes, Regional Medical Center in Opole. The research tool used in both groups was a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions elaborated by the authors of this study. Results: 73% (41) of evaluated children declared that diabetes does not hinder their performance at school. 93% (55) children claimed that they do not hide their condition from their peers. In addition, 61% (34) talk about their illness with their peers and 69% (38) of them can count on their peers’ help in self-control of diabetes. 71.9% (46) of parents of children with type 1 diabetes allow their children to participate in school trips and 68.8% (44) to participate in school competitions.
Conclusions: In most children, diabetes does not affect children’s performance at school. They participate in classes, are accepted and liked in their peer group. Chronically ill children should be able to participate in all types of activities as much as their healthy peers. It seems necessary to continue studies on performance of young school-aged children with type 1 diabetes in their peer group.
Experiences of a Slovak PhD pioneer
Authors: Bendova Jana
Published: September 2019

It has all started 10 years ago, at my first WON CA Europe conference in Istanbul in 2008, where I became amazed by so many general practitioners, who performed and presented their scientific work there. However it took me 7 years since the idea to start my PhD studies until it´s final completion in 2017. My PhD journey wasn´t straight, but rather twisty, with 2 interruptions. In 2011 I started to earn my basic research skills at 2 courses. The first one was the European General Practice Research Network (EG PRN) course in Nice and the second University of
Crete´s research workshop in Slovakia lead by Professor Christos Lionis.
The easiest part of my PhD studies was the clinical one – administering questionnaire and performing spirometry with my patients at my rural general practice. I also enjoyed teaching medical students at undergraduate as well as postgraduate level. I gave lectures at national conferences and published articles about general medicine in Slovak scientific journals, focusing on prevention, patient safety and respiratory diseases, especially COPD. I also contributed to two medical text books. My research was presented as posters or oral presentations
at 3 WON CA Europe conferences, where I found a great space for sharing research ideas and results. Final results of my PhD thesis are going to be presented at Krakow conference.
Even though I was a fruitful author of publications, reaching the goal of an international publication was the most difficult part for me, not achievable without a help of experienced colleague, Austrian general practitioner, Professor Gustav Kamenski.
The challenging path to establish general practice in an academic environment – the case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Seifert Bohumil
Published: September 2019

The academic development of general practice (GP) within countries of Central and Eastern Europe began only
after the political changes in the 1990s. From a research perspective GP has a reputation for being amongst the
least intellectually rigorous clinical disciplines. This has several serious consequences; loss of self-confidence,
lack of attractiveness as an intellectual discipline and less application of critical thinking in routine clinical
work. The only solution is an effort to develop research in primary care, as this is the ultimate attribute of scientifically
oriented disciplines such as medicine.
GP research in the Czech Republic has a low level of awareness and support. Its development is slow and faces
many barriers; lack of financial resources, lack of leading personalities within the field, lack of ideas, lack of scientific
education, lack of experience, and insufficient research capacity. As GPs, we do not have enough skills to
write and publish scientific papers. Research is also not recognised as an essential component of GP training.
However, research in primary care is developing and here I present several successful research projects withinour department. Research has been proposed as a vital agenda towards the new concept of general practice, as recently presented to the government by the Society of GPs.
Navigare necesse est! Research to understand our body and soul, to heal the patients, to find ourselves
Authors: Simek Agnes
Published: September 2019

The image of a researcher is a distinguished, enthusiastic doctor in a fresh, washed and ironed white lab coat
working in a clinic or research-centre. The research is well-financed, supported by different scientific and/or
economic firms, and the aim is to understand the human body and its physiologic processes in atomic level for
getting the best, mostly very expensive, and sometimes uneasy medical treatment for the patient.
Nowadays on top of the most modern sciences there is the specialist, who lives in an ivory tower and knows almost everything about diseases and sciences. Try to get off to this land!
The value of interdisciplinary research: lessons from the 2017 Nobel Prize in chronobiology
Authors: Giebultowicz Jadwiga M.
Published: September 2019

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the
benefit of humanity. The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael
Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm.”
It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly,
Drosophila melanogaster. However, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of
the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals,
including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model
organisms and doctors working in medical schools, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human
health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular
problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review will highlight critical milestones
on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three Nobel Prize winners.
Can physical training minimize the gender differences in lung capacity of trained tennis players aged 14 – 17 years old ?
Authors: Pandit Nupur , Banik Shovana , Prasad Shilpi Kumari , Majumdar Piya , Banerjee Oly , Bandyopadhyay Anupam
Published: September 2019

Background: This study was based on gender differences in male and female trained tennis players. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the extent that physical training could minimize the gender differences in lung capacities in trained tennis players aged 14–17 years. Material and methods: The participants were ten male and seven female lawn tennis players, with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 15.5 ± 1.27 and 14.43 ± 1.13 years, respectively. Physical characteristics and lung volumes were measured on the same day for each participant. Data were presented as mean ± SD, and Student’s t-test to compare the measured variables was performed. Results: Differences between genders were insignificant in terms of age (years), weight (kg), body fat (%), lean body mass (kg) and chest circumference (cm). However, height (cm), and W/H ratio were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in male tennis players in comparison to female players. Insignificant differences were found for TV (L), SVC (L), FVC (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%), FEF25-75% (L/s), PEF (L/s) and MVV (L/min). The only significant difference (p < 0.05) in lung function measures between male and female trained tennis players was for PIF (L/s). Conclusions: Male tennis players were taller than female tennis players of same age range, which might be advantageous for males while playing. Insignificant differences between male and female players in the various lung variables measured indicated that the influence of height and gender differences could be minimized by proper training during puberty. A significantly higher PIF in male players indicated stronger and more powerful inspiratory muscle activity compared with female tennis players.
Impact of systemic cryotherapy on physical fitness
Authors: Rosłanowski Adam , Glibowski Edmund , Winiarski Sławomir , Wilk Iwona
Published: September 2019

Background: Systemic cryotherapy has broad effects on the human body. These include improved immunity, accelerated tissue regeneration, activation of thermoregulatory mechanisms, analgesic effects, and reduced muscle tension and spasticity without compromising strength.
Aim: To evaluate the effect of systemic cryotherapy on physical fitness.
Material and methods: The 43 participants (42 - 53 years of age) underwent 10 daily treatments in a nitrogen cryochamber over two consecutive weeks. Each cryochamber treatment lasted for 3 minutes at -130°C. Physical fitness was tested before and after the cryochamber treatment course using elements of three physical testing methods (a functional movement screen, a TKKF physical fitness test and a general fitness test).
Results: After cryotherapy, there was a visible improvement in the first four exercises of the fitness test with fewer participants feeling pain during movement, and more able to perform the exercises correctly or perfectly. For the remaining three exercises, the changes occurred in fewer subjects and to a lesser extent.
Conclusion: Systemic cryotherapy was associated with improved physical fitness. It can be used to help increase overall physical fitness as a complementary and supportive process.
Complications in the sexual activity of women after a surgical intervention for breast cancer
Authors: Kusz-Marcol Joanna , Konietzka Maria , Życińska Jolanta
Published: September 2019

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. The most common form of treatment of this illness is a surgical intervention consisting of a partial or radical mastectomy. This article describes the psychological impacts of this experience on the frequency and occurrence of complications in the sexual activity of women and to determine the role that medical staff can play in helping patients cope with these challenges. The loss of a breast can have negative effects on a woman’s emotional state, specifically in terms of feeling feminine and the relationship with her partner. This is often reflected in a reduced quality of life. The care extended to post-mastectomy patients should routinely include an assessment of possible sexual dysfunctions and monitoring of how such dysfunctions are coped with. The PLISSIT model makes it possible to indicate how post-mastectomy patients may be effectively supported by medical staff. It serves to define a group of patients requiring specialist help. It also aims to initiate a conversation about the difficulties of functioning in this sphere, to provide general information and change existing perceptions, to give specific advice on making referrals to a specialist, and to consider these types of existing problems. The described intervention model is applicable to individual work, as well as to work with couples and groups. This method depends on the type of intervention desired and on the current psychophysical state of the patient and her readiness to start a conversation concerning sexual activity.
Telomeropathies: rare disease syndromes
Authors: Pańczyszyn Anna , Boniewska-Bernacka Ewa
Published: September 2019

Telomeres are located at the end of the chromosomes. They protect chromosomes from fusion and degradation. Every cell division causes a shortening of the telomeres. A special enzymatic complex called telomerase is responsible for maintaining telomere length in intensively dividing cells, such as epithelial cells and bone marrow cells. The enzymatic complex includes the TERT subunit, which has reverse transcriptase activity, and the TERC subunit, which acts as a template. Other important components of telomerase are the proteins that are responsible for structural stability. Telomerase remains active only in the dividing cells of the body. The rate of telomere shortening depends on many factors including age, sex, and comorbidities. Faster shortening of telomeres is caused by gene defects, which have an impact on telomerase action. Collectively, these are called telomeropathies. Common causes of telomeropathies are mutations in the TERT and TERC telomerase genes. Types of telemeropathies include dyskeratosis congenita, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and aplastic anaemia, among others. Clinical manifestations and prognoses depend on the type and quantity of mutated genes. Diagnosis of telomeropathies is often problematic because they present with the same symptoms as other diseases. So far, no effective therapeutic methods have been developed for telomeropathies. A therapeutic method for patients with bone marrow failure may be the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. For patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, treatments include immunosuppressive therapy, lung transplantation, or palliative care. In the future, gene therapy may be an effective treatment strategy for telomeropathies. Lifestyle changes may also have a positive impact on the person. Physical activity combined with a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids can decrease the oxidative stress levels in cells and lead to a slower shortening of the telomeres.
Management of the healthcare system in Germany and France
Authors: Rajfur Piotr , Hys Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

Reflections on the issue of human life, its quality and duration, have contributed to health being increasingly considered a common good – a public good. Changes in perspectives relating to human life and health led to protection of life being recognized as the highest good and the greatest gift offered to a man. Society entrusted this task to a public authority. The public authority, recognizing that protection of the health of the citizens is one of its most important tasks, initiates and creates a system where the tasks related to health protection are implemented in an efficient and organized manner. The basic criterion for a patient’s selection of a medical facility is quality and effectiveness of provided services, assuming their availability. The adopted procedures for managing and financing the health system in a given country significantly influence the quality and effectiveness of provided medical services. This article will present the functional principles of healthcare systems in Germany and in France, the organization of these systems and their main elements and interrelationships. The aim of the article is to compare the management and financing systems for healthcare in both countries. The healthcare systems in both Germany and France are derived from the insurance model. However, these two countries have different approaches to management and financing, and accordingly, they understand the role and the responsibility of the state in this process differently. In order to achieve the article’s goal, documents including the leading positions in Polish and foreign literature relating to the merits of the issues, together with the available literature published by institutions, have been examined and reviewed.
Pyoderma gangrenosum – an interdisciplinary approach to the disease
Authors: Kapuśniak Aleksandra , Czachor Aleksandra , Wąsik Grażyna
Published: September 2019

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare dermatosis of unknown etiology. It is classified as being a neutrophilic dermatosis,
in which there is inflammatory infiltration consisting primarily of mature polynuclear leukocytes. Its
pathogenesis is multifactorial and is thought to involve neutrophilic dysfunction, inflammatory mediators in
combination with a genetic predisposition for the disease. Neutrophilic infiltration is observed in new lesions,
while necrosis associated with fibrosis and granulomas are seen in chronic lesions, however these findings are
not pathognomonic. Pyoderma gangrenosum can occur at any age. However, it most commonly develops in young
and middle-aged adults predominantly women between the second and fifth decades of life. Grossly, pyoderma
gangrenosum is characterized by skin lesions in the form of rapidly spreading ulcers, with cylindrical edges and
necrotic bottoms. These ulcers are painful and crusted but have undermined borders. Pyoderma gangrenosum
commonly presents with the rapid development of one or more purulent ulcers with undermined borders on
sites of normal or traumatized skin. Pyoderma gangrenosum is often associated with other systemic diseases
such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, monoclonal gammopathies, IgG or IgA myelomas and tumors of internal
organs and hematopoietic system diseases, which supports the immunological mechanisms involved in the
pathogenesis of the disease. Of note, neutrophilic infiltration associated with other extracutaneous manifestations
and different systemic disorders can co-exist with pyoderma gangrenosum. Despite the recent development
of immune modulating drugs in the treatment of skin conditions, steroid therapy still plays a pivotal
role. For patients with mild pyoderma gangrenosum, the local application of topical corticosteroids or calcineurin
inhibitors can be sufficient. Systemic therapy is necessary in patients with more extensive disease. The role
of surgery is controversial, as it is associated with the induction of pathergy. The clinical, histopathologic and
laboratory findings in pyoderma gangrenosum are non-specific, and a diagnosis can only be made once other
diagnoses have been excluded.
Evaluation of dietary patterns among men and women over 80 years of age living in a rural area of south-west Poland
Authors: Lepsy Ewelina , Żurek Grzegorz , Żurek Alina , Golachowska Magdalena , Delaunay Gerda
Published: September 2019

Background: Proper nutrition is an important factor in maintaining health and preventing disease development
or progression regardless of age, but is especially relevant for elderly people. Seniors rarely follow nutritional
and life-style guidelines, which may correlate with poor health, multiple morbidities, polypharmacy and
premature death.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional pattern, food choices, knowledge about
healthy eating, body mass and health issues among men and women over 80 years of age living in a rural area
of south-west Poland.
Material and methods: 100 participants, women and men, aged 79.6–93.3 years, responded to a questionnaire
on nutritional choices. Anthropomorphic measurements were also taken.
Results: Only 40% of responders declared drinking 2 litres of water daily. Fruit and vegetables were eaten in
inadequate quantities: only 10% of responders declared eating fruit and vegetables at least twice a day. Wholegrain
products were regularly chosen by 30%. Dairy products were eaten once daily by 50% of seniors. 45% of
the elderly chose meat, including red meat and its products, three to four times a week, and 66% chose fish only
once a week. Almost 50% of responders ate only three meals a day. All participants declared suffering from at
least one disease (chronic or acute). 45% of seniors had never heard of any nutritional guidelines.
Conclusions: Based on this study most responders do not follow the nutritional guidelines for elderly people.
Intake of water, dairy products, fruit and vegetables was inadequate. These food choices by the elderly may
impact on their health and well-being.
Prevalence and knowledge of classical cardiovascular disease risk factors among patients with diabetes
Authors: Dąbek Józefa , Piotrkowicz Joanna , Leśniewska Sonia , Korzeń Dariusz , Bonek-Wytrych Grażyna
Published: September 2019

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing annually, and diabetes is associated with an increased
risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Diabetes can significantly increase the risk of developing coronary
heart disease, stroke, hypertension or ischemia of the lower limbs. Furthermore, the presence of other risk factors
including; being overweight or obesity, having hypertension, having excessive stress or having low levels
of physical activity also contribute to this risk as well as contributing to disease progression and mortality
among patients.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease
among patients with diabetes, and to assess their knowledge in this regard.
Material and methods: In total, 202 patients (121 females, 81 males) aged 25-74 (mean age = 58.7) were
assessed in this study, from a Polish primary care setting. Inclusion criteria included a confirmed diagnosis of
diabetes and that patients had given informed consent to participate in the study. We utilized a questionnaire
to assess knowledge in areas related to cardiovascular disease prevention including; physical activity, diet and
lifestyle. For statistical analysis Statistica v.10.0 was used.
Results: The most common cardiovascular disease risk factors included; diabetes (n=202, 100%), obesity (n=107;
53.0%) and stress (n=116; 57.4%). Other contributing factors included; low physical activity (n =179; 88.6%) and
being overweight (n=176; 87.1%). There were statistically significant differences between the number of risk
factors and variables including; sex (p <0.001), age (p <0.001), the level of knowledge (p <0.001) and the duration
of the disease.
Conclusions: Patients with diabetes had many risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease and
their knowledge of their disease was shown to be incomplete. The results indicate the need for more extensive
health education in this area in order to reduce the number of risk factors and disease development.
Assessment of the impact of Hold-Relax and Contract-Relax techniques on the compression pain threshold in patients with lateral humeral epicondylitis
Authors: Wyszyński Szymon , Stiler-Wyszyńska Sylwia
Published: September 2019

Background. The method of proprioceptive neuromuscular paving (PNF) is unique in that it has its own principles of working with the patient. The overriding therapeutic goal during PNF therapy is to work on a lost function that is important for the patient.
Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of Hold-Relax and Contract-Relax techniques on the compression pain threshold in patients with lateral humeral epicondylitis.
Material and method. The study involved 60 patients aged 47.8 ± 4.3 with inflammation of the lateral humeral epicondyle. There were 35 women and 25 men in the study group. In each examined person it was the first incident of lateral humeral epicondylitis. In each of the probands, subjective and physical physiotherapeutic examination was carried out. 41 left and 19 right limbs were tested. Measurements were made under standard conditions. Among the physiotherapeutic tests performed were: examination of the range of motion, assessment of the compression pain threshold using an algometer, and pain assessment during extension and radial deviation of the wrist with a load. The study of the range of movement was carried out using an electronic goniometer. Then, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group "A" in which the Hold-Relax technique was performed on the muscle group that extends and radially deviates the wrist and group "B" in which Contract-Relax was applied to the same muscle group. The therapy lasted 30 minutes and was continued for the next 10 days. In each group, apart from the mentioned techniques, physiotherapy treatments were applied as indicated. After the therapy, the tests that preceded the therapies were repeated. The obtained results were placed in the database and subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistica program.
Results. The mean extent of the extension movement in the radiocarpal joint before the therapy in group "A" was 45.7 ± 4.7 while in group "B" it was 40.1 ± 3.79. After treatment, the mean range of motion increased in the "A" group to 67.46 ± 8.69 and in the "B" group to 71.6 ± 8.3. In both groups, changes were observed at the statistically significant level p = 0.
Conclusion. 1. The use of both the Hold-Relax and Contract-Relax techniques had an impact on the change of the compression pain threshold.2. The use of Hold Relax and Contract Relax techniques has an impact on increasing the range of motion in patients with lateral epicondylitis.
Information needs of digestive tract surgery patients before and after surgery: an exploratory study of western Lithuania.
Authors: Gedrime Lina , Istomina-Fatkulina Natalja , Brasaite Indre , Salanterä Sanna
Published: September 2019

Background: Information has a distinct value for operative care from the perspective of both the patient and the professional. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to describe the information needs of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in western Lithuania. Material and methods: The data was collected from patients at three Klaipeda city hospitals performing digestive tract surgeries from January through March 2015. The interview responses (n = 86) were analyzed inductively with thematic content analysis. Results: The interviews revealed a lack of information about disease, treatment and nursing care. The participants expressed fear and worries about their forthcoming surgery, anesthesia, pain, methods of pain management, possible complications and their prevention as well as their prognosis. Conclusions: The results show that the participants lacked information about treatment, nursing, anesthesia, rehabilitation, wound care or about post-surgery period. Instead they felt fear and anxiety. The participants were excluded from treatment and nursing processes. According to the participants, their information needs were different before and after the surgery. Lack of information prevents patients from acting self-dependently in their care.
Integrated health care services as a current challenge for primary health care: reflections from Crete, Greece
Authors: Lionis Christos , Anastasaki Marilena
Published: September 2019

This paper addresses the issue of integrated care services as a current challenge for primary health care in Europe. It is focused on an operational definition of integrated care and documents its relevance to the recent declaration of the World Health Organization regarding primary health care. The paper also reports on experiences gained and lessons learned in Greece, a country where initial attempts towards integration of public health into primary care are currently unfolding. Additionally, it discusses the limited involvement of patients, families, and communities in health care, as well as relative absence of advocacy and care coordination at a policy level. The need for training stakeholders to define and promote integrated care is highlighted as an essential component of translating new concepts into concrete health care actions. Finally, when discussing development and implementation of a well-coordinated and integrated primary health care system, the paper provides ideas for further consideration. The present report is anticipated to open the dialogue between health care professionals, stakeholders, policy makers, and the public towards the integration of health services in contemporary Europe.
What Is the Purpose of Research on Information Needs of an Organization?
Authors: LASOTA-JĄDRZAK, Ph.D Inspector Agata
Published: September 2019

Information management is of great importance to an organization. The quality and quantity of information influence the decision-making conditions, and with the increase in their value, the risk of failure and the uncertainty of undesirable effects are reduced. To a large extent, the accuracy of the decisions made depends on the quality of information held by the recipient. For the proper functioning of the organization, it is essential that the information acquired, processed, developed and circulated is of appropriate quality, i.e. it has a set of characteristics that determine the usefulness of information defined by the users. The article emphasizes that it is the effectiveness of the organization’s information system on which it depends to whom, in what form and on what level the information of the desired quality will be provided. Moreover, it was pointed out that it is necessary to systematically examine the information needs of the organization in order to meet the users’ expectations and the need for the organization to have the capacity to systematically reject useless information, information overload, and information selection.
Satanism: Crime, Deviance and Disorders
Authors: Roelofse Cornelis , Bezuidenhout Christiaan
Published: September 2019

This article deals with a phenomenon that is often spoken about, reported in the media, but about which very little empirical evidence has emerged over the years. Only a handful of criminologists have addressed this phenomenon. This stems from the belief that supernatural phenomena cannot be researched using scientific methods. However, within the phenomenological paradigm, there is room for engaging informants who report their lived experiences. Scientific opinion, as far as social sciences are concerned, confines spirituality to Theology and Anthropology. The notion of the supernatural should otherwise be confined
to private life. Against this background, the authors claim that it is rather a general tendency within the scientific community to either consider the spiritual world as a superstition and a phenomenon not to be engaged in. Spirituality should thus be relegated to private discourse. Therefore, the authors endeavour to shed the light on the topic by defining concepts, presenting typologies from the literature, as well as concerning crime and Satanism. The recruitment strategies, as well as the means of control over the followers, are presented, and then specific crimes, abuse, psychological disorders and spiritual possession are discussed. The goal of this paper is to stimulate researchers to tackle this secretive phenomenon and its criminological connections as the perpetration of crime
have often been reported where there was the evidence of rituals. Spirituality is the part of life for billions of people in the world and is it worth to be investigated Perhaps it is rather a lack of interest or even fear that leads to the dearth of research in this area.
Criminological Characteristics of Organized Environmental Crime in the Russian Federation
Authors: Vladimirovna Rednikova Tatiana
Published: September 2019

Throughout the world, modern environmental crime is characterized by the emergence of new forms of criminal behavior, improving ways of committing crimes and steadily increasing participation of organized criminal groups and communities in their commission. Nowadays, organized environmental crime along with environmental terrorism constitute a significant security threat. The distinctive features of organized environmental crime include: longevity and stability of a criminal organization, which in most cases effectively manages a complex of criminal activities from the organizational and economic point of view, and also has the ability to minimize the risks arising in this connection, long-term planning of activities, involving individuals and commercial structures, building criminal networks. Another characteristic feature is its focus on the market (including the illegal one). The organized groups often engage in criminal activities in various areas, committing environmental and economic and other types of crimes, while the corruption component is an integral feature of them. Organized transnational environmental crime carries out its activities in such key areas as illegal trade in rare and endangered species of wild fauna and flora and their derivatives, illegal logging and trade in illegal timber, illegal turnover of waste including illegal transportation, storage, discharge and burial, transboundary
movement of hazardous waste, illegal fishing. Law enforcement and law enforcement agencies of various states pooling their efforts to curb ecologically criminal behavior, neutralizing all stages of the crime: planning, illegal extraction of resources, transportation, marketing, laundering of proceeds from crime play an important role in combating organized environmental crime. Eliminating the economic basis of the activities of criminal groups, reducing their profitability, is the key to success in combating it. Improvement of international legislation for development will create an integrated system of measures to counteract organized environmental crime at the level of individual states and ensure unification of national legislative systems in terms of terminology, compositions, and sanctions applied for the commission of environmental crimes by organized groups.
Police Competences’ in Preventing, Investigating and Combatting Hate Crimes in Poland — Part 2
Authors: Jurczak Justyna
Published: September 2019

The article is divided into two main parts. It refers to selected data on hate crimes recorded in Poland and Police effectiveness while preventing, investigating and combatting it. Based on available sources, there is no problem with extremist activity on a large-scale in Poland nowadays, but for sure there is an urgent one with the increasing number of hate-motivated incidents, both with their social impact. Awareness-raising and educational campaigns that aim at prompting respect for human rights and tolerance for diversity are very needed in this matter. Also, law enforcement agencies, including the police, play a key role while tackling racism and bias. Uncontrolled and unpunished manifestation of hate, both with the lack of appropriate and unequivocal state response to such incidents, also quiet, social approval to hate-motivated behaviours, seem to be the main components of extreme movements growing. Thus, the main aim of the article has been to describe the phenomenon of hatemotivated incidents that were reported in Poland within past years and to diagnose Polish police officers’ skills, knowledge and qualification in this field, together with qualitative analyses of accessible training programmes. Selected terms (racism, discrimination, intolerance, xenophobia and hate speech) and symbols (the Celtic Cross, the SS-Totenkopf and the Triskele) that
promote hate were defined (part 1) both with police officers’ identification accuracy. Research results presented in this article were gathered by using variety of methods and techniques, both theoretical and empirical (part 2). The data that refers to police competence in the context of preventing, investigating and combatting hate crimes was mainly collected as a part of a doctoral research conducted by the author in 2012–2014.
Children of State Police Offi cers and Soldiers of the Polish Army in NKVD Special Camps
Authors: Fałdowska Maryla
Published: September 2019

The article presents issues concerning juvenile prisoners of three special camps in Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostashkov. The author draws attention to the lack of definition of the legal status of minors after 1918, and thus — the lack of provisions on ensuring the safety of children in the international standards governing the treatment of prisoners of war in force during World War II and internal legal acts of the Soviet Union. The article emphasizes that the participation of children in armed conflicts was regulated as late as ten years after the outbreak of World War II in international humanitarian law, adopting on 12 August 1949 “The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War” (Fourth Geneva Convention), under which children are entitled to special treatment or protection measures. The provisions of conventions protecting children during the war
included, among others, regulations concerning the creation of special zones and sanitary facilities, evacuation from the besieged zone, provision of necessary food and clothing, provision of medical and hospital care, education or transfer to a neutral country. The author notes that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not contain a provision on special protection and care for juveniles, and that children during warfare are classified exclusively as civilian population. The circumstances of the Soviet captivity of minors after September 17, 1939, their stay in and leaving the camps, the reasons for selection, after which they were left alive and not included in the “death transports”, described in the article, make it possible to determine the number of rescued and murdered.
Neck glandular type of tularemia in an 18-year old women
Authors: Tomaszewska Joanna , Jaworowska Ewa , Niścigorska-Olsen Jolanta
Published: September 2019

Tularemia is a rare zoonosis disease caused by Gram-negative, aerobic bacilli – Francisella tularensis. In Poland endemic areas of tularemia are in the northern and eastern regions of the country. The most frequent contamination route is percutaneous, by mucous membranes, inhalation or ingestion. There have been no reports of human to human transmission. The main reservoir of tularemia are animals: rabbits, hares, mice and squirrels, which are infected by an insect bites (ticks, mosquito, fly) or contact with contaminated soil or water. Tularemia has many clinical forms: ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal (streptococcal), pulmonary (primary), gastrointestinal (visceral), pseudo typhoid (septic). Clinical and radiological presentation of tularemia is nonspecific. Serological and molecular test are hardly available. Treatment is based on not empiric antibiotic (streptomycin, gentamicin). The aim of the study is to present the case of neck glandular type of tularemia in a young women and encountered diagnostic and therapeutic problems.
The Schwannoma of the facial nerve in the extra-skull segment – a case report
Authors: Tarazewicz Diana , Wierzchowska Małgorzata , Burduk Paweł
Published: September 2019

The aim of the report is to present a rare case of facial schwannoma in the parotid gland. Schwannomas are benign, well-defined tumors arising from Schwann cells that form myelin sheaths of peripheral, cranial or spinal nerves. 25-45% of them are located within the head and neck, mainly in the parapharyngeal space. The intraparotid location is rare. The etiology of cancer is unknown. Preoperative diagnosis, both radiological and cytological, is difficult and often does not give the correct diagnosis. Radiologically, a multiform adenoma is usually suspected, and the fine needle biopsy is non-diagnostic. Due to the rarity and benign nature of the tumor, there is a debate about the need for surgical treatment.
O brincar de crianças e suas famílias como alternativa de cuidado à saúde mental infantil
Authors: Bustamante Vania , Oliveira Rosângela Santos
Published: September 2019

Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o “Brincando em Família”, projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal da Bahia, que oferece atendimento psicológico em grupo e pode ser livremente frequentado por crianças e suas famílias. O Projeto se sustenta na discussão sobre políticas e práticas de saúde mental infantil e na teoria psicanalítica, particularmente nas contribuições de Winnicott e na perspectiva de Holmes sobre a acolhida. Com base no relato do cuidado oferecido a alguns frequentadores, mostra-se que a acolhida a crianças e suas famílias – envolvendo a oferta de um espaço para brincar e a presença atenta da equipe – propicia avanços terapêuticos e ao mesmo tempo fortalece a autonomia dos sujeitos.  Destaca-se o potencial do Projeto na promoção da saúde e desenvolvimento infantil, detecção precoce e tratamento, recebendo encaminhamentos de diversos setores (educação, assistência social, atenção básica), tornando-se assim um serviço importante em uma rede de atenção psicossocial.
Problematizações acerca da atuação do UNICEF no Brasil
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Santos Cristiane De Souza , Ferreri Marcelo De Almeida , Habib Rafaele Aquime , Silva Fabiana
Published: September 2019

A atuação de organismos internacionais, como Banco Mundial, Fundo Monetário Internacional e Organização das Nações Unidas, sobre administração política dos países, tem sido cada vez mais presente, no cenário transnacional, desde sua criação, no século passado. Neste artigo, propomos problematizar a atuação do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF), a partir da análise do poder de Foucault e de outros autores das Ciências Sociais, como Weber e Bourdieu. Interessa-nos, neste texto, examinar os efeitos das ações desse organismo junto à família brasileira. Vale assinalar que Michel Foucault (1979; 1995) nos lembrava da dimensão de soberania jurídica do poder e da esfera de dominação, tanto em O Sujeito e o Poder quanto em Soberania e Disciplina. Nesse aspecto, pode-se tecer uma relação entre a analítica do poder, em Foucault, com a visão de poder de Weber e de Bourdieu.
A ciranda infantil a partir da visão de crianças de um assentamento rural vinculado ao MST
Authors: Carvalho Regiane Sbroion de , Silva Ana Paula Soares da , Filho Wisner Tahan
Published: September 2019

A pesquisa objetivou compreender as significações de crianças de um assentamento rural vinculado ao MST, na região de Ribeirão Preto (SP), acerca de um espaço/tempo especificamente a elas destinado, denominado Ciranda Infantil. Utilizamos como instrumentos: diário de campo; fotografias realizadas pelas crianças; conversas a partir das fotografias e uso de fantoches. Participaram seis crianças de dez a doze anos. Os resultados indicam que a Ciranda tem sido significada pelas crianças como um espaço de socialização e aprendizagens variadas entre adultos e crianças, marcadas pela construção de relações afetivas, socioambientais e geracionais, com destaque para a ludicidade. Conclui-se que as crianças percebem que existe para elas um projeto intencional e apropriam-se deste espaço enquanto sujeitos críticos que colaboram em sua construção e/ou o disputam com os adultos. Este sentimento de ter a Ciranda como espaço próprio os autoriza a propor melhorias para sua realização.
William James e Carl Gustav Jung na Conferência em Clark: repercussões teóricas
Authors: Resende Pedro Henrique Costa , Junior Walter Melo
Published: September 2019

A obra de Carl Gustav Jung ainda é pouco pesquisada no contexto acadêmico. Devido à escassez de estudos sobre a fundamentação teórica do referido autor, muitos consideram seu trabalho como influenciado somente pela psicanálise freudiana. No entanto, o próprio Jung, ao longo de suas obras coligidas, destaca a figura de William James como o autor que mais o incentivou em suas pesquisas. Em 1909, ainda inserido no movimento psicanalítico, o autor suíço viaja para a América, onde apresenta, na Conferência da Universidade de Clark, seu conhecido estudo sobre associações de palavras. Na referida conferência, Jung conhece William James. A partir desse encontro histórico, as referências ao pensador americano se intensificam. O objetivo desse trabalho é destacar os principais temas da teoria jameseana que repercutem significativamente sobre a psicologia de C. G. Jung, especialmente, seus estudos psiquiátricos, sua avaliação do pragmatismo, sua teoria do inconsciente, teoria das emoções e experiência religiosa.