bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of high intensity laser therapy on the range of motion of facial muscles in patients with Chronic Bell’s Palsy
Authors: Abdullatif Hajer M. S. , Shaker Hussein A. A. , Fahmy Ebtesam M. , Mohamed Rania R.
Published: May 2023

Background: Bell's palsy is a disease involving the seventh cranial nerve, which regulates facial muscle action. Facial muscles get paralyzed when this nerve is damaged. Objective: The primary objective of this researcher is to find out the effect of High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on facial muscle function in patients with chronic bell’s palsy. Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with chronic Bell’s palsy and twenty healthy individuals of both sexes were recruited, falling within the age group of 20-40 years. Participants were assigned into two groups. Group A (Healthy individuals) and Group B (Bell’s palsy patients). Group A participants were intervened with Nd: YAG High intensity LASER, one session/week for total of 4 sessions. Facial angle measurement was done in resting state and in contracted positions of the respective muscles on both the sides of face. These angles were analyzed using the Auto-CAD program. Results: A significant increase in facial angle was observed in raising eye brow, light eye closing, smiling, kissing, and blowing on the non-affected side and a significant decrease of these angles on the affected side following treatment (p<0.05). Comparison between non-affected sides versus affected side showed significant differences in measured angles except for smiling and kissing angles. Conclusion: High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) improved the function of the facial muscles in patients with chronic Bell's palsy.
Development of a strategic plan for the sport of futsal in Iraq
Authors: Bachay Alshiblawi Hasanain Hadi , Talebpour Mahdi , Morteza Azimzadeh Seyyed , Kashtidar Mohammad
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a strategic plan for the sport of futsal in Iraq. This research is descriptive in nature. A qualitative study was conducted in the form of a survey. The sample of this study was composed of managers and experts of the Iraqi Ministry of Sports and the General Directorate of Sports of the Education Ministry, heads and vice presidents of Iraqi futsal, Iraqi futsal coaches, referees and elite athletes, and futsal veterans. The sample size for the present study was 23. The findings of the study revealed that Iraqi futsal has 16 strengths (S), 14 weaknesses (W), 14 opportunities (O) and 16 and threats (T). Considering these results, it is suggested that futsal in Iraq focuses more on strengths in the field of internal factors and try to solve the existing weaknesses
Effect of resistance training on the biomechanics and accuracy of serve receiving skills in volleyball
Authors: Taha Idrees Muna , Muhsun Yasir Alaa , Mohammed Rashied Jasim
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to identify the effect of resistance training on the biomechanics and accuracy of serve receiving skills in volleyball. The research community was composed of 26 young volleyball players of Baghdad volleyball clubs. A total of 4 players were selected for the preliminary experiment, while 14 participants were recruited as the main sample for the study. In the present study, a set of resistance exercises were designed by the researchers for the volleyball players of the sample. Exercises were performed by the sample participants during the course of study. The biomechanical variables considered in the present study were: Preparation moment (shoulder joint angle, hip angle, knee joint angle), moment of propulsion (shoulder joint angle, hip angle, knee joint angle). Based on the findings of the present study, the researchers concluded that the resistance exercises had a positive impact on the biomechanics and accuracy of serve receiving skills in the participants.
Comparison between efficacy of spinal mobilization with leg movement versus McKenzie technique in patients with lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Selim Mohammad N. , Mokhtar Maha M. , Mohamed Mahmoud H. , Abonour Asmaa A. , Abdelmutilibe Sahar M. , M. Essa Mohamed M.
Published: May 2023

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the most common causes of medical consultation in the orthopedic clinics. LDH is believed to be the root cause of 60-80 percent of low back pain cases over a lifetime. Objective: The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different dissimilar manual therapy techniques (Mulligan’s spinal mobilization with leg movement versus McKenzie technique) in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Design: The present study is a randomized control trial in which 45 individuals diagnosed with LDH were recruited as the participants of the study (mean age 48.54 ± 5.8 years). The participants were randomly allocated into three groups, with n=15 in each group. Intervention: Participants of the group A  (Experimental group A) received  Mulligan spinal mobilization with leg movement and T.E.N.S. (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation). Group B (Experimental group B) participants received McKenzie technique. Group C (control group) participants only received T.E.N.S. for four weeks. All patients in the three groups received 3 sessions each week. Pain, functional disability, and the H reflex were the primary outcome measures. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain, the Oswestry disability scale was used to assess functional disability, and electromyography was used to assess the H reflex. Results: Significant improvements were seen in the participants of group A, with reduction in the intensity and severity of pain, decreased level of functional disability and improvement in the H reflex, in comparison with other groups. Conclusion: Spinal mobilization with leg movement was more effective than McKenzie technique and TENS to reduce pain and functional disability, and to improve the H reflex, in individuals suffering from lumbar disc herniation.
Effect of high intensity laser in the treatment of myofascial trigger points in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized single-blinded controlled trial
Authors: B. Ahmed Bassant , Abu El Kasem Shimaa T. , Al-Shenqiti Abdullah M. , Morsy Mona
Published: May 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent causes of musculoskeletal pain and disability among the middle age and elderly population. It significantly affects the overall quality of life of the affected individuals. Objectives: To find out the impact of high intensity laser therapy (HILT) on myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in symptomatic knee OA. Methods: This is a single-blinded pre–post randomized experimental trial. A total of 40 patients, both male and female, falling within the age group of 35-55 years, BMI 25–29.9 Kg/Cm2, diagnosed with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (grade 2), were recruited as participants of the study. All the participants were clinically evaluated for the signs and symptoms of myofascial pain, tenderness over the vastus medialis muscle and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups with n=20 in each group. The participants of the experimental group received high-power laser therapy and underwent exercises on the MTrPS of the vastus medialis and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The participants of the control group received placebo laser "sham laser" and underwent exercises for the vastus medialis and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. A blood cortisol level test, pressure algometer, digital electronic goniometer, and the KOOS-PS questionnaire were used to measure the pain level, pain threshold, knee ROM, and knee function. Outcome assessment was done at Day 0 and post intervention at the end of 4 weeks. Results: The MANOVA test revealed that both groups improved significantly in all parameters at week 4, with the HILT group improving more than the sham group in blood cortisol levels, pressure algometer measures, knee passive ROM, and KOOS scores (P < .05). Conclusion: HILT is an efficient approach in the treatment of MTrPs in knee OA.
Pervasive learning and its impact on cognitive development and learning of freestyle swimming skills in sports sciences students
Authors: Othman Intisar Ahmed
Published: May 2023

The spread of the electronic system of knowledge among students and universities has led to the emergence of new forms of educational systems called pervasive learning. This is an educational system that uses wireless computer and telecommunications techniques, portable devices, and teaching techniques in an educational and training context and is an advanced system for the mobile learning system. The aim of this study was to prepare educational units with pervasive learning model to teach the basic skills of free swimming and also to identify the effect of pervasive learning model in learning free swimming skills. The researcher used the experimental study design. The research sample consisted of 20 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Al Basrah University. The students were divided into two groups (10 students for the control group and 10 students for the experimental group). To achieve the objectives of the study, 5 tests about free swimming skills were performed. In order to analyze the data, T-test was used to analyze the differences between control and experimental groups for all free swimming skills tests. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups in all free swimming skills tests, in favor of the experimental group (p<0.05). Through this study, it has been revealed that the educational units that used the pervasive learning model had a positive impact on the development of basic skills in free swimming.
Relationship between design management and organizational performance in Paralympic Sports Federations
Authors: Hameed Abbas Khelood , Abbas Rawaa Abdulameer , Sabit Siham Hammood
Published: May 2023

The design departments have devoted significant attention to improve organizational performance of the sports institutions, in terms of creativity, innovation, beauty, coordination, organization, and problem solving. However, there is still need to find out new ideas and designs for the administrative levels in the sports institutions. Thus, the present study was conducted to identify the relationship between design management and organizational performance. In the current study, all the heads of sports federations in the Paralympic Committee for the academic year 2020-2021 were recruited as the participants for the study. Participant selection was done using purposive sampling method. A total of 30 individuals were recruited as the participants for the study. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers concluded that a roadmap existed in the form of a strategic approach for the Paralympic Committee, in order to achieve unique expectations by developing a plan for organizational performance.
Distance education in physical education during COVID-19 quarantine in Ukraine
Authors: Kuznetsov Andriy , Doroshenko Veronika , Chernovsky Sergey , Kramarenko Alla , Malona Svitlana , Rybalko Petro
Published: May 2023

One of the major tasks of the social program of the state is to strengthen and maintain the health of youth. In the context of significant deterioration of the psychophysical readiness of young students, the issue of maintaining their health cannot be considered outside the context of physical education, which is of great social importance in this perspective. Moreover, the quality of higher education is equated with the quality of training of able-bodied professionals. This is ensured by the proper state of their health. In the period of quarantine, the students were forced to spend maximum time only on mental activity via distance mode of learning. An adequate and only possible response to the challenges of today is the use of distance learning technologies for students to effectively implement their physical education in quarantine. At the same time, one of the key problems is the proper organization of physical culture and health activities of students to maintain their health in conditions of extremely limited physical activity.
Effect of exercises on the VertiMax device on the endurance of under 16-years of age discus throwers
Authors: Abbood AL-Nidawi Ola Issa , Saleeh Israa Fuad
Published: May 2023

The primary aim of the present study was to prepare a set of exercises on the multi-resistor VertiMax device and to identify the effect of these exercises on the development of the endurance of discus throwers under 16 years old. The design of the present study was experimental. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. A total of 5 discuss players constituted the sample of the study. The authors found a significant improvement in the levels of endurance and performance as a result of the training on the VertiMax device. Therefore, it is recommendable to use exercises on the VertiMax device to improve the endurance and performance of under 16-years of age discus throwers.
The effect of biomechanical feedback on the accuracy of the long serve in badminton
Authors: Ali Jubair Raghda Abd , Jari Huda Shihab
Published: May 2023

The primary aim of the study was to find out the values of some biomechanical variables for the long serve skill in badminton and to identify the effect of biomechanical feedback on the performance of long serve. The present study had a single group, pre-post experimental study design. The research community was determined by the intentional method of one group with a pre-and post-test. The players of the Assyrian badminton club constituted the research community. A total of 12 players were present in the research community. The badminton players falling within the age group of 15-17 years for the season 2020-2021 were recruited as the participants for the study. A total of five players were selected as the participants of the study. Based on the findings of the present study, the researchers concluded that the biomechanical feedback effectively contributed through the educational curriculum in influencing the biomechanical variables and in improving the performance of the long-serve.
Application of special exercises to develop the fixation time and the skills of forehand and backhand groundstrokes in tennis players
Authors: Jihad Al-Rubaye Saif Abbas , Hussein Murtadha Sulttan
Published: May 2023

The present study was conducted on the Misan tennis clubs advanced players, in the premises of the tennis court of the Technical Institute in Misan. The study was conducted within the timeframe of August 2020 to December 2020. In the current study, the research community was represented by the players of the Misan Governorate team. A total of 8 players were selected as the participants for the study. All the participants were randomly allocated into two groups with n=4 in each group. The researcher formulated a set of exercises. These exercises were performed by the participants of the experimental group during their preparation phase and in the main training phase. The control group participants received training by exercises developed by the training coaches. The total number of training exercises was 8. In each training dose 4 exercises were included. In the present study the researchers concluded that there was a positive effect of the special exercises in developing the fixation time during the performance of the forehand and backhand groundstrokes.
Criminal liability for offenses is related to corruption in sports
Authors: Kuryliuk Yurii , Shvedova Hanna , Karpenko Mykola , Kushnir Yaroslav , Sitsinskiy Nazariy
Published: May 2023

There is a piece of growing evidence that the sports industry has reached the level of optimum financial stability, but on the other side it has also created an environment for the emergence of specific corruption in the field of sports in the form of match-fixing and illegal betting. The corruption has crossed the roads to public administration and has spread into new areas of society. Corruption in sports involves any illegal, immoral, or unethical activity that attempts to deliberately distort the integrity of any sport thereby affecting or manipulating the outcome of the sports events. As a result, "sports corruption" today is large, global, and organized. The present study was conducted to highlight the rapidly expanding corruption issues in various spheres of public relations. This research has notified the lack of evidence in the field of sports at national and international levels regarding the issues of improving legal and organizational measures to prevent corruption and maintain fairness in sports. The study of scientific positions of experts on this issue in the comparative legal aspect will expand the theoretical provisions of the sciences of criminal law, to develop recommendations for improving existing legislation and law enforcement practice.

There is a piece of growing evidence that the sports industry has reached the level of optimum financial stability, but on the other side it has also created an environment for the emergence of specific corruption in the field of sports in the form of match-fixing and illegal betting. The corruption has crossed the roads to public administration and has spread into new areas of society. Corruption in sports involves any illegal, immoral, or unethical activity that attempts to deliberately distort the integrity of any sport thereby affecting or manipulating the outcome of the sports events. As a result, "sports corruption" today is large, global, and organized. The present study was conducted to highlight the rapidly expanding corruption issues in various spheres of public relations. This research has notified the lack of evidence in the field of sports at national and international levels regarding the issues of improving legal and organizational measures to prevent corruption and maintain fairness in sports. The study of scientific positions of experts on this issue in the comparative legal aspect will expand the theoretical provisions of the sciences of criminal law, to develop recommendations for improving existing legislation and law enforcement practice.
Rejets de l’utopie, retours en dystopie : ambiguïtés semi-périphériques et discontinuités génériques dans la trilogie Rosewater de Tade Thompson
Authors: Maurits Peter J.
Published: May 2023

Comme de nombreuses oeuvres de science-fiction africaine, la trilogie Rosewater de Tade Thompson a été rangée dans la catégorie des utopies, quand bien même elle aurait procédé à une remise à jour complète du modèle narratif utopique. Un tel postulat demeurait justifié si on s’en tenait au premier tome, paru en 2016. Le présent article avance cependant que la trilogie, dès lors qu’on la lit dans son intégralité, met plutôt en scène l’essor et la chute de différentes utopies, pour affirmer en définitive une position anti-utopique. L’ambiguïté de la trilogie sera à ce titre présentée comme la manifestation d’une crise structurelle du capitalisme déclinant.
Cost-Optimal Sector Integration and Energy Balancing Strategies for Reaching Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Pakere Ieva , Freimanis Ritvars , Allena-Ozolina Signe , Asaris Pauls
Published: May 2023

Sectoral integration will play a major role in the clean energy transition to increase the utilisation rates of available renewable energy sources (RES). Preliminary studies have shown that the decarbonisation of power generation can be reached through well-developed technical solutions such as the integration of hydro, wind, and solar energy. However, emissions in the buildings, transport, and industrial sectors remain stubbornly high. Therefore, the electrification of these sectors and interconnection through smart grids have been identified as promising future development trends to avoid the usage of fossil fuels. The TIMES optimisation model is used to evaluate the future cost-effective pathways for reaching carbon neutrality in the Latvian energy sector. The model includes both the end-use sectors such as transport, buildings, industry and agriculture and the energy sector with a well-developed database of existing and future RES and storage technologies. The modelling framework allows for identifying the cost-optimal future energy mix by considering the electrification potential of each sector. Therefore, it allows analysing of the impact of different policy strategies at sectoral integration levels and the necessity for additional energy storage capacities. The preliminary results show that one of regret-free solutions for reaching the energy efficiency targets in 2030 is the wide expanse of heat pump utilisation in residential buildings instead of inefficient biomass boilers. The building heat supply transformation also brings higher power consumption and interacts with the wider utilisation of wind power. In addition, sensitivity analyses have been performed to evaluate the impact of high uncertainties related to fuel costs, resource availability and other conditions.
Exploring the Control of the Position of the Isotherms of the Heat Pump Cycle in an Air Handling Unit: An Experimental study
Authors: Frik Anton , Bielskus Juozas , Dzikēvičs Miķelis
Published: May 2023

The use of heat pumps in the building heating and cooling supply chain is increasing, and air-to-air heat pumps are increasingly being installed in modern air handling units. The energy conversion modes of such devices are constantly changing due to the constant change in the state of the outdoor air (temperature, humidity). Flexibility, the ability to efficiently and rationally respond to ambient air parameters, is an important feature of choosing the operating mode of energy transformers and their control. The overall seasonal efficiency of the air handling unit depends on it. Modern commercial heat pumps have two control degrees of freedom. They have a variable-speed compressor and an electronic expansion valve. This combination of control components once made it possible to increase the seasonal efficiency of heat pumps. For a long time, the possibility of controlling the cycle in this way prevailed, and only electronic control tools were improved. Little attention is paid to how the changes in the thermodynamic cycle are combined with the energy demands of air preparation corresponding to the outdoor temperature. It would be relevant to look for additional components of the heat pump circuit that could control its operating cycle, which could increase the efficiency indicators of the air preparation process. The article’s authors seek to introduce an additional component into traditional measures of heat pump control, providing the third degree of freedom of the control cycle. For this purpose, studies are being conducted to experimentally assess the impact of the volume of the heat pump system on the shifts of the isotherms of its thermodynamic operating cycle. The results show that the system volume parameter has the potential for regulation capabilities in controlling the operation of a heat pump, so it is worthwhile to further develop and study such a technological solution in more detail.
Factors Influencing Residents to Implement Energy Efficiency Measures in Multi-Apartment Buildings
Authors: Balode Lauma , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

The review examines in detail the types of factors that may influence residents’ motivation to implement energy efficiency measures in multifamily housing. When analyzing heating energy consumption in multi-apartment buildings, three influencing factors must be considered: the condition of the building, technology-based solutions, and occupant behaviour. Studies show that in more developed countries, energy consumption of buildings can be reduced by 30 % to 80 % if energy efficiency is improved. Technology based solutions aim to reduce heat consumption, improve resource productivity, or replace outdated technologies, but these solutions often require large investments. Occupant behavior contributes to nearly 80 % of the variation in energy use. One of the ways to achieve these goals is to improve energy efficiency in multifamily buildings, because according to available literature, residential and commercial thermal energy consumption accounts for up to 20 % of total energy consumption in underdeveloped countries and up to 40 % in more developed countries. Changing people’s habits not only reduces heating energy consumption, but also does not require large investments for implementation.
Heating System Control with Neural Network
Authors: Telicko Jevgenijs , Jakovičs Andris
Published: May 2023

Building performance has significant impact on humans’ life and ecology as buildings account for 39% of total greenhouse gas emissions and consume about 40% of total global energy consumption. Smart building control is one of the key points to archive high energy efficiency.   Each year, the complexity of building state control grows due to the increase in the number of controlled elements that are used to achieve better indoor climate. Therefore, in the manual analysis and implementation of the building control program, an error can easily appear due to the human factor. Artificial intelligence (AI)  algorithms could be used as an alternative solution as they could evaluate building dynamics independently. One of strategies for automatic building control adaptation to its dynamic is model based predictive control where neural network is used for different control strategies evaluation. Performance of such control technique is highly dependent on control strategies evaluation accuracy.  To achieve top accuracy, several hyperparameters of neural network could be tuned as well as data set for specific construction must be prepared. Preparation of data set could be a problem as random control of building for generation of dataset could be not unacceptable for building users as well as it could damage construction.In this paper authors process optimization of experimental building heating system control algorithm to achieve smaller fluctuations of temperature indoors. For dataset generation were used several data from weather station as well as heating system parameters and temperature indoors while building was controlled by thermostat with build in PID regulation.  For evaluation of building dynamics were used temporal convolutional neural network. To achieve high accuracy results of control strategies evaluation, several hyperparameters of neural network were tested. Finally resulting model were tested on physical building. Results indicate that in some cases developed control model could prevent temperature fluctuations which could be caused by limits of heating system power.
Investigating the Performance of the Compact Particulate Matter Collector for Use in Domestic Water Systems
Authors: Svedovs Oskars , Dzikevics Mikelis , Kirsanovs Vladimirs , Veidenbergs Ivars
Published: May 2023

The concept of the new water treatment system was developed. The system is based on the previously invented technology – Compact Particulate Matter Collector (CPMC). A primary area was defined in which such technology is intended to be used: water treatment in compact flue-gas condensation systems for a low-power wood-fuelled biomass boiler. Such a system is intended for use in domestic conditions. Such a process involves contamination of technical water with a mixture of particulate matter, resulting in suspension. The CPMC aims to divide the suspension into the relevant fractions effectively. A prototype operating based on CPMC technology was built. An experimental plan was developed, and an experimental stand was constructed to determine the prototype’s efficiency. The experimental plan envisaged five different prototype operating modes and two research steps, depending on the degree of prototype modification. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the prototype could operate effectively in the laboratory environment: achievable efficiency is equal on average between 57.84 % and 88.09 % depending on the operating mode (see the diagram below). The result is assessed as positive. TRL 3 has been reached. The next phases of the study would be the integration of the prototype into the relevant compact flue-gas condensation system and the exploration of commercialisation capabilities, which will stimulate TRL increase.
Multidimensional Factors Influencing Renewable Energy Storage Deployment: PESLTE Analysis
Authors: Dolge Kristiana , Grāvelsiņš Armands , Toma Annija Sintija , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

The share of renewable energy in heat and power generation is expected to increase significantly and reach record levels in the coming decades. As a result, emerging energy storage technologies will be key elements in balancing the energy system. Compared to power generation technologies, storage technologies are considered one of the most complicated and least understood technologies for decarbonizing the energy system. There is still lack of understanding among scientists and policymakers about the choice of optimal integration of energy storage in carbon-neutral energy systems, as there are many multidimensional factors that influence this. In this study, the PESLTE analytical framework and composite index methodology is applied to examine the multidimensional factors that influence the deployment of renewable energy storage technologies: political (national and international level policy targets, appropriate regulation), economic (CAPEX, LCOE), social (public acceptance, knowledge and on-site capacity on RES storage in local energy supply enterprises), legal (level of bureaucracy and time of approval), technological (TRL, response time, efficiency level of complexity for technology to be integrated in the existing grid), and environmental (specific need for specific geographical condition, landscape friendliness, potential environmental risk, potential creation of environmental benefits, lifetime of technology, environmental impact).
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Indoor Air in University Classrooms
Authors: Edelmers Edgars , Kauce Rūta , Konopecka Vita , Veignere Elizabete , Sprūdža Klinta Luīze , Neļķe Valters , Citskovska Elizabete , Šipilova Viktorija , Čikuts Matīss , Skrebele Elizabete , Martinsone Žanna , Borodinecs Anatolijs
Published: May 2023

Nowadays there is a challenge to provide a good indoor air quality because of the energy crisis, distance working and climate changing circumstances in premises. The aim of study was dedicated to biological, chemical and physical parameters of air quality, such as temperature, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and their fluctuations in a university classroom during ongoing classes. Measurements were taken for three days (November, 2022) in two different size rooms with natural ventilation using devices such as: SAS SUPER ISO 100 (microbiological sampling), Aranet4 (temperature, concentration of CO2), PCE-PCO 1 and PCE-RSCM 16 (PM2.5 and PM10). In total, 52 microbiological samples were collected from university classrooms over three days and further cultured on different growth mediums. Students’ activity as well as windows opening and closing times were recorded during study. The colony forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3) overall fluctuated between 174-934 CFU/m3, with fungi making up the majority. The CFU/m3 for fungi grown on Sabouraud agar was 24-610, for bacteria grown on Trypticase soy agar (TSA) was 42-476, and for bacteria grown on Mannitol salt agar (MSA) was 42-254. The study concludes that according to guidelines, the recommended amount of microbiological contamination should be less than 500 CFU/m3. The indoor temperature for smaller rooms exceeded the allowed indoor air temperature of 25 °C after on average 50 minutes, while for the largest it remained below 25 °C level. The highest concentration of CO2 for the first day was 2689 ppm, for the second day - 1970 ppm, and for the third day – 2131 ppm. Performing the ventilation for 20 minutes on average decreases the CO2 concentration to 499 ppm. According to guidelines, CO2 concentration should not exceed 1000 ppm in premises, but this level was reached on average after 25 minutes following window closure and ongoing class. Natural ventilation alone was found to be insufficient for ongoing classes and effective during breaks, but other pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 enter the room in this way. The main findings reveal the tendency of both PM2.5 (on average 400 µg/m3) and PM10 (on average 35 µg/m3) to increase rapidly in crowded spaces during the classes, which require a constantly running air ventilation and purification system. However, there is a lack of regulations or guidelines regarding the maximum concentration of PM and microorganisms CFU in indoor air in public places.
Possibilities of Applying Acoustic Method and Electrical Engineering for Acoustic Wave Flame Extinguishing based on the Latest European Research: Benefits, Development Prospects and Limitations
Authors: Wilk-Jakubowski Jacek Lukasz
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the possibilities of using acoustic technology for extinguishing flames from various sources. Advantages as well as disadvantages of acoustic technology are presented. The structure of this article shows different approaches, methods, as well as application of acoustic waves for fire extinguishing. In the light of the latest research, the state of the art is presented (literature review) and the prospects for the development of technology using low cost intelligent sensors are shown. The second aspect of fire management is fire detection. In practice, the use of a subdiscipline of machine learning, in which the learning process is carried out in an unsupervised way – deep learning, is a modern alternative to flame detection in relation to classical temperature or smoke sensors. In this case, it is possible to benefit from the advantages of technologies described in this article by combining the use of these techniques.
Regulating the Unknown: The Case of Cooling Technologies across Africa
Authors: Aja Pille-Riin , Giraudet Louis-Gaëtan , Houde Sébastien
Published: May 2023

The impacts of climate change and the resources to adapt to it are unequally distributed. Africa, the hottest and poorest continent, is already being adversely affected by rising temperatures; a trend that will continue. Building climate resilience is a bigger challenge in Africa than anywhere else. When it comes to climate adaptation, cooling technologies – including fans and air conditioners (AC) – have been shown to improve the quality of life. In rapidly urbanising and warming Africa, the widespread deployment of cooling technologies could save millions of lives in the coming decades. At this point, however, AC adaptation rates in Africa are only in the single digits with less than 5 %. In contrast, 88 % of households in the US, the country with one of the highest AC penetration rates, have an air conditioner. This is about to change as the number of air conditioners and cooling fans in Africa are expected to double this decade. We should therefore expect an exponential increase in the demand for electricity for these technologies in the coming decades. This raises the important question of where Africa will be on the AC energy efficiency frontier. At this point, Africa imports most of its cooling technology from global companies in China, Japan, South Korea and the US. The quality these companies choose to offer in the current African market will shape the continent’s equipment stock and electricity demand for years to come. There are currently only a few regulations in Africa encouraging the diffusion of energy-efficient cooling technologies. Worse still, there is a lack of basic information needed to introduce the right regulations. The aim of this paper is to show that consumers currently have limited access to information about the energy consumption of the cooling technologies available in Africa. To demonstrate this, the authors built a novel database by scraping Africa’s largest e-commerce platform in 13 different countries over a period of more than three years. Overall, it was found that less than 10 % of all ACs offered (N = 1382) have information related to energy consumption. In addition, we discovered that the disclosure of this information is highly idiosyncratic and does not appear to have strategic goals. In particular, it is unlikely that only the most efficient AC models would provide the information and that the communication of energy information in the market would occur without government intervention.
Renewable Energy Community’s Barriers and Impact on Centralised Energy Production
Authors: Lepiksaar Kertu , Berting Rebecca Marie , Volkova Anna
Published: May 2023

Major changes are taking place in the energy sector. In order to achieve climate neutrality, it is crucial to increase energy production from renewable energy sources. One way to accomplish this is to establish energy communities and cooperatives, which require optimal development and expansion solutions. Energy cooperatives are, by definition, community projects whose primary goal is to generate electricity and heat for their own use as well as for sale and distribution. The main reasons for establishing such communities are to reduce costs and the negative impact on the environment, as well as to democratise and decentralise production, reducing reliance on larger producers. This kind of collaborative effort also allows people who lack the necessary funds and knowledge to participate in the production of renewable energy. The goal of energy communities is to use energy produced primarily from renewable energy sources; the easiest way to do this is to use solar panels, but there are also other options. Although the European Union has launched several programmes to increase the number of energy communities, there are several barriers that prevent them from being established. In the conditions where energy communities are connected to largescale energy systems, it is also important to assess how energy communities affect centralised energy production and overall energy efficiency. This study provides a thorough analysis of the barriers to establishing energy communities as well as their impact on centralised energy production and overall energy production efficiency.
Revolutionizing the Building Envelope: A Comprehensive Scientific Review of Innovative Technologies for Reduced Emissions
Authors: Narbuts Jānis , Vanaga Ruta
Published: May 2023

The energy and thermal performance of buildings is heavily dependent on the building envelope. As such, innovative environmental building envelope technologies are being developed to improve building energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest environmental building envelope technologies, such as phase-change materials (PCM), aerogel, and active and adaptive systems, to offer an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field and identify future research directions. PCM technology has the potential to improve thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption by reducing peak heating and cooling loads. Paraffin wax is the most reliable PCM for use in building envelopes, and studies have shown that it can reduce heating and cooling energy consumption by up to 20 % compared to traditional insulation materials. Aerogel is a low-density and highly insulating material that has been shown to enhance thermal insulation and reduce heat transfer in buildings. Silica aerogel can provide thermal performance up to 2–4 times higher than traditional insulation materials, resulting in significant energy savings of up to 50 %. Active and adaptive systems, such as smart windows and dynamic insulation, allow for real-time control of building envelope performance, further improving energy efficiency and indoor comfort. Smart windows can lead to energy savings of up to 20–30 % compared to traditional windows, while dynamic insulation systems can provide energy savings of up to 50 % compared to traditional insulation materials. The review assesses various adaptive facade solutions based on their suitability for diverse climate zones, versatility in application, global availability of materials used, and energy efficiency. Despite the challenges and limitations of these technologies, including high costs, lack of widespread adoption, and limited understanding of long-term performance, the authors conclude that continued development and implementation of these technologies have the potential to make significant contributions to improving building energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working in the field of building envelopes and offers insights into the future research directions necessary to further advance the field.
РАЗЛИКЕ У МОТОРИЧКИМ СПОСОБНОСТИМА УЧЕНИКА ОСНОВНИХ ШКОЛА ГРАДСКЕ И ПРИГРАДСКЕ СРЕДИНЕ
Authors: Мартиновић Драган Д. , Бранковић Драган С. , Живановић Владимир Р. , Пелемиш Владан M.
Published: May 2023

У раду су приказани резултати истраживања моторичких спо- собности ученика основних школа градске и приградске општине са територије Београда, са циљем да се испитају евентуалне међусобне разлике. Истраживање је обухватило 85 испитаника подељених на два субузорка, од тога 40 ученика ОШ „Бранко Ћопић” из Београ- да са општине Раковица и 45 ученика ОШ „Аца Милосављевић” из Рушња са општине Чукарица. Тестирање је обављено у мају 2017. го- дине и сви испитаници похађали су седми разред основне школе, ста- росне доби 14 година+ 6 месеци. У раду је примењено 8 моторичких тестова из „ЕУРОФИТ” батерије тестова. Утврђено је постојање статистички значајних разлика између испитаника са општине Ра- ковица и Чукарица у аритметичким срединама примењених мото- ричких варијабли у корист испитаника са општине Чукарица у свим варијаблама на нивоу значајности (p0.01), осим у варијабли Поди-зање трупа за 30 секунди, где није утврђена статистички значајна разлика. Можемо закључити да су ученици са територије општине Чукарица показали боље резултате моторичких способности.
COMMUNICATION VERBS ASK, SAY, AND TELL IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSESIN WRITTEN AND SPOKEN DISCOURSE
Authors: Tomić Božana M.
Published: May 2023

This paper deals with communication verbs ask, say, and tell as ver- bals within adverbial clauses. Adverbial clauses acting as modifiers spec- ify circumstances such as time, frequency, manner, degree, place, reason, cause, condition and so on. The aim of this paper is to analyze the fre- quency of above-mentioned verbs in different types of adverbial clauses, present similarities and dissimilarities in the specific adverbial clauses, and describe the specific features related to each verb. This paper will alsodetermine certain features of the selected verbs as well as their practical use and distribution in spoken and written corpus of English.Taking into account that this type of subordinate clause is not extensively examined, we consider that this paper will give asignificant contribution to research of adverbial clauses in the English language.
ОСОБИНЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ КАО ПРЕДИКТОРИ ПРОКРАСТИНАЦИЈЕ КОД СТУДЕНАТА
Authors: Младеновић Наташа Р. , Костић Емилија С. , Димковић Оливера М. , Ранђеловић Кристина Ж.
Published: May 2023

Циљ овог рада је испитати да ли су особине личности предикто- ри прокрастинације код студената. Особине личности су дефиниса- не и процењиване у складу са седмофакторским моделом личности Великих пет плус два. За процењивање прокрастинације коришћена је Скала прокрастинације за студенте. У истраживању је учествовало 328 студената оба пола, старости од 19 до 31 године (AS= 22.05 и SD= 2.04). Испитаници се разликују с обзиром на факултет који студирају, годину студија, годину уписа студија, просечну оцену на студијамa и образовање родитеља. Установљено је да се моделом особина личности статистички значајно предвиђа општа прокрастинација (R2=0,065, p0,1). Пре- диктор који даје статистички значајан допринос објашњењу зависне варијабле је димензија личности неуротицизам (β=0,179, p0,01). Резултати су показали да постоји статистички значајна разлика између момака и девојка на димензијама негативна валенца и пози- тивна валенца (sig.=0,004; sig.=0,002, п0.01), где младићи пости- жу више скорове. Резултати су показали да је димензија личности Савесност статистички значајно израженија код студената на V години студија (sig.=0,014, p0,05), димензија општа прокрасти- нација је највише изражена код студената II године (sig.=0,001, p0,01), а најмање изражена код студената V године што није у складу са очекивањима. Постоји статистички значајна разлика у степену изражености димензије Позитивна валенца код испитаника са различитим степеном образовања мајке (sig.=0,003, p0,01).
Comparison of Some Physical Properties of Soil and River Sediment
Authors: Shishkova Tajana , Chankulovska Andrijana , Atkovska Katerina , Boškovski Boško , Bogoevski Slobodan
Published: May 2023

In this research, a comparison of some physical properties of two natural media was made, namely, a selected soil sample from the northwestern segment of the Skopje valley and a sample of river sediment from the river Vardar. The primary parameters of the samples are determined, such as: granulometric composition, specific mass and volume mass in different compacted condition. The secondary physical characteristics are followed, which are a consequence of the previously listed, which are the porosity of the samples and the capillary characteristics. These, further define the following characteristics of the media: maximum water permeability, characteristics of the water transport process and heat transfer through the examined sample layer. Simultaneously, the changes of temperature and moisture at a defined point of the experimental layers are monitored (under appropriate experimental conditions, namely, an emphasized / amplified ΔT is set) and the phenomena are explained.
The Effect of Using Deductive and Inductive Methods on the Verbal Interaction of Physical Education and Sport Professors
Authors: Zair Mourad , Bensassi Redhouane
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the effect of using the deductive and inductive teaching methods on verbal interaction of physical education and sport professors. The study uses the descriptive approach by tackling two samples of two different professors from the same secondary school (Houari Boumediene, state of El-Bayadh). Then it applies “Hamdan Tool” to observe and analyze the overall verbal interaction over 8 lectures. This research shows that there is less verbal interaction with the professor when he uses the inductive method comparing to the use of the deductive one. To sum up, the study recommends that the use of different methods where the professor’s verbal interaction is less than the student’s one. Moreover, a further research about this study is extremely needed.