bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of microplastics on human health and aquatic species
Authors: Achoukhi Iliass , El Hammoudani Yahya , Haboubi Khadija , Benaabidate Lahcen , Bourjila Abdelhak , El Boudammoussi Mustapha , Moudou Mohamed , Faiz Hatim , Touzani Abdelaziz , Dimane Fouad
Published: May 2024

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a pervasive environmental challenge, with significant implications for both marine ecosystems and human health. This study delves into the adverse effects of MPs, highlighting their physical, chemical, and biological impacts on marine life, particularly fish. These impacts include physical injury, oxidative stress, and altered immune responses, which can have cascading effects on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functionality. The review also underscores the risk MPs pose to humans through direct exposure, via consumption of contaminated seafood, inhalation, or dermal contact, potentially leading to oxidative stress, cytotoxic effects, and disturbances in immune function. By comprehensively examining existing research and identifying knowledge gaps, this study aims to underline the urgent need for targeted research strategies. These strategies should focus on elucidating the complex interactions between MPs and biological systems, assessing long-term health implications, and developing effective mitigation measures. Through detailed analysis of methodologies, results, and existing literature, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted impact of microplastics, thereby guiding future research directions and informing policy decisions for the protection of marine ecosystems and human health.
Trend of High Microbial Contamination in Livestock Milk in Indonesia and Distribution Mapping
Authors: Tampubolon Biatna Dulbert , Basuki Budhy , Anggraeni Putty , Anggundari Widia Citra , Mulyono Ary Budi , Purwanto Endi Hari , Nurhakim Arif , Restu Wahono Daryono , Prasetya Bambang , Manab Abdul , Radiati Lilik Eka
Published: May 2024

Milk is a food ingredient that is considered main source of nutrition for humans because contains essential substances for the body. Microbial contamination of milk can pose various health hazards to humans. Information regarding trends in microbial contamination and mapping its distribution is still limited. Research continues to develop rapidly with methods of analyzing bibliographic linkages with scientific communication models, data that is increasingly interesting to explore. The data were analyzed using bibliometric methods related to milk contamination in Indonesia. After sorting, 108 suitable articles were obtained. The results of the analysis show the peak of article production. After 2021, there was a decrease in the number of publications, indicating a shift in research direction. International collaboration between countries also looks significant. Key themes such as “probiotics,” “milk yield,” and “lactic acid bacteria (lab)” emerged as dominant focuses in this study. Meanwhile, the theme in the ‘Emerging or Declining Themes’ area, has not yet become main focus, but there is potential for development, and challenges that require further research and innovation. Overall, this review provides insight into research trends, international collaborations, and theme dynamics, eflecting the need for future research to continue to explore and reassess research focus.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the green algae Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta) from the Marchica lagoon, of Morocco: Spatio-temporal variations
Authors: Rahhou Abderrahmane , Layachi Mostafa , Aknaf Asmae , Riouchi Ouassila , Ngadi Hamza , Skalli Ali , Loukili Hamza , Choukri Rana , El Haddaji Hamza , El Ouamari Najib , Baghour Mourad
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of the studied metals in Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorophyta) species collected from different stations at the sites (BeniEnsar and KariatArekmane) of the Marchica lagoon in Morocco. The algae were collected in October and February 2020. Metal concentrations (ppm) in this species were ordered as follows: Fe (795.25) >Cr (254.69)>Zn (145.38)>Cu (76.86)>Ni (75.65)>Pb (74.82) >Cd (38.33). No significant variation was observed between the two seasons (P>0.05). Excluding Zn, the accumulation trends of the metals studied in Caulerpaproliferawere the same (P> 0.05) in the samples from the BeniEnsar sites as in those from KariatArekmane, as a result of the same characteristics in relation to environmental factors (areas classified as eutrophic and confined, with low hydrodynamics prior to the opening of the new inlet with the sea, and subjected to the same anthropic pressure). The alga studied is a suitable biomonitor for the study of heavy metal contamination in the Marchica lagoon, and more particularly in the sites studied due to their abundance and significant vegetative growth.
Epidemiological features of leishmaniasis and implications for public health in the eastern region of Morocco
Authors: Mouloudi Ibrahim , Zitouni Naoual , Himi Hind , Injai Ussumane , Toumi Abderrahim , Rahhou Ilyesse , Legssyer Bouchra
Published: May 2024

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania and is transmitted by sand fly bites. The main clinical forms are visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Morocco, leishmaniasis is a public health problem, especially in the eastern region. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in this region and to assess its public health implications. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in the eastern region, covering six years from 2016 to 2021. The data were extracted, completed and cleaned from the leishmaniasis case registry of the Directorate of Epidemiology and Control of Leishmaniasis of the Ministry of Health and then synthesized. The epidemiological results showed that in the eastern region, the majority of cases involved cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major (89.45%). These cases are distributed throughout the year, with peaks in autumn (October and November) and winter (January and February). Males are more susceptible than females, with a prevalence of 57% compared to 43%, mainly in the young population (70% of cases are under 40 years of age) and in rural areas (86%). Lesions are mainly found on exposed parts of the body, mainly on the upper limbs (46.51%). Clinically, lesions were most frequently found on the upper limbs (46.51%), followed by the lower limbs (21.39%), the face (15.8%), both the lower and upper limbs (12.09%), the face with the upper limbs (3.2%) and the whole body (0.39%). The results highlight the need to strengthen prophylactic measures, particularly the importance of seasonal surveillance and interventions during the seasonal peaks observed in autumn and winter, given the challenges in rural areas, and the importance of protective measures such as clothing or repellents, including the provision of valuable medical treatment for exposed parts of the body.
Overview of insights into the role of Bacillus species in drought stress alleviation and plant disease management
Authors: El Youssfi Chaimae , Soujaa Hajar , El Hammoudani Yahya , Zerrouk Mohammed Hassani , Mourabit Nadira , Aarab Saida
Published: May 2024

Drought and plant diseases are major constraints on crop production, causing significant losses. As the effects of climate change worsen, there is an urgent need to adopt sustainable agricultural strategies. Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) are emerging as a promising approach, aimed at enhancing productivity and plant resilience to various stresses. Among them, Bacillus spp. are gaining research interest due to their unique ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions and produce metabolites of interest in several sectors. Besides improving plant growth and yield, Bacillus plays a pivotal role in enhancing the ability of plants to withstand drought stress mainly by producing of water absorbing substances and enhancing water and nutrient uptake. Some Bacillus species are able to effectively resist plant pathogens through several mechanisms, including antibiosis, competition, induced systemic resistance (ISR), and enriching the microbiome of the soil, enabling them to become important biological agents in the management of plant diseases. This overview aims to highlight the potential of Bacillus species in sustainable agriculture, focusing on their role in mitigating drought stress and controlling plant diseases.
Impact of Food Labelling on Consumer Behaviour - A Green Marketing Initiative
Authors: Shrivastava Gitanjali , Rathi Trupti
Published: May 2024

Green marketing is the buzzword nowadays which focuses on the organic concept of the product with minimum residue and wastages. It also focuses on the recycling and the reusability of the product for further usage. This research paper focuses on ‘The Impact of Food Labelling on Consumer’s choice of Products – A Green Marketing Initiative’. It focuses on green marketing, how consumer perceives it and what are the real ingredients associated with it. This is the empirical research where the Likert scale is used to collect the primary data. A sample of 126 respondents was used to analyse the green marketing initiative. The various factors that used were nutrition information, green packaging, fitness labels like low fat, gluten free etc., allergen information and the product in which the product is made etc. also impact consumer choices. Correlation analysis is used as a statistical tool to analyse the data with the help of SPSS 28.0 software. The scope and application of the paper is that the suggestive framework for green marketing initiatives can be used by various marketing firms, and policymakers which will empower the consumers and the manufacturer both to make improved and better fitness, health and ecologically environmentally friendly choices.
Chitin and chitosan: Structure, properties and applications, some perspective on building preservation
Authors: Savary Mehdi , Sazedj Soheyl , Pinto Jorge Filipe Ganhão da Cruz
Published: May 2024

Chitin and chitosan, as the most abundant amino polysaccharides in nature, have characteristics such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, biodegradability, and acceptable antimicrobial properties. These unique properties led Chitin and Chitosan to pay great attention not only in terms of the abundance of natural resources but also because of their high potential for the preparation of applied materials. Extensive improvements have been made in improving their properties for use in tissue engineering and medication, wound healing and relief agents. This paper tries to show a general perspective on the many applications of these biopolymers. The text ends with the description of the potential application of this material in building preservation.
Preliminary assessment of the properties of composite layers based on porous asphalt and coloured mortar
Authors: Wasilewska Marta , Grzyb Dominik , Gardziejczyk Władysław
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the results of the properties of composite layers made of porous asphalt, with a void content above 30%, filled with a special-coloured mortar. Three mortars of white, red and blue colours were selected, whose compressive strength after 2 days was over 60 MPa and the flexural strength was over 7 MPa. The study of composite layer aimed at determination of the water sensitivity expressed in ITSR (Indirect Tensile Strength Ratio) according to the standard EN 12697-12 (method A) and rutting resistance according to standard EN 12697-22 in the small apparatus (method B). The results indicate that such solutions will be justified in places with extremely heavy traffic, such as bus stops. In addition, the condition of the layer surface after simulating its wear was assessed using of the CTM (Circular Track Meter), the BPT (British Pendulum Tester) and a reflectometer. The results indicate that they can be used in areas with low speed limits. On the other hand, the possibility of introducing the pigment into the mortar has a positive effect on surface of those elements of the communication system, which should have a different color than the road surface. These are the surfaces of bicycle paths, pedestrian and bicycle routes, areas of intersections, where their visibility plays an important role due to the safety of users.
Analysis of the choice of the method for the elaboration of dosages for an asphalt mixture
Authors: Stirb Adelin , Forton Andrei , Marc Paul
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis regarding the choice of a method for designing a dosage of an asphalt mixture. There have been concerns in the field of asphalt mix dosing since 1920 when Field and Hubbard introduced the impact compaction with the Proctor hammer for laboratory testing. Later, Marshall introduced the method that bears his name and which remained the most used method for determining the asphalt mixture dosages in Romania. Since it was found that the density of the samples obtained in the laboratory did not correspond to the density of the cores extracted from the compacted asphalt layers, the gyratory compaction was introduced, which is now frequently applied in the USA and other European countries. The study presented in this paper deals with the problem of establishing the mixture of aggregates, filler and binder in terms of the volumetric method (Superpave) and Marshall method, presenting both theoretically and experimentally the dosage study of an asphalt mixture type BA16 (asphalt concrete with maximum grain size of 16 mm) but also the physical-mechanical characteristics obtained following the application of the two methods for determining the dosage for the studied BA 16 type asphalt mixture.
Analysis of causes of damage to masonry walls in the historic barrack No. B-115 in the former KL Auschwitz II – Birkenau camp
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof , Szoblik Łukasz , Drabczyk Zofia , Tanistra-Różanowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

The brick barracks in the former German Nazi Concentration and Extermination camp KL Auschwitz II-Birkenau hold historical importance and are protected by law through their inclusion in the register of historical monuments. They are also inscribed on the World Heritage List. One of these barracks is known as B-115. It was originally constructed as a temporary building during the autumn and winter of 1941 and 1942. The materials used for its construction were obtained from dismantled houses in nearby villages. The walls of barrack B-115 have sustained damage in several areas. The exterior walls have experienced corrosion due to exposure to environmental factors. Inside the barrack, there are cracks and areas where the walls are breaking apart. The most severe damage is seen in the gable walls, which have become deformed and detached from the lateral walls. Additionally, there are extensive damages in the connections between the lateral walls and external longitudinal walls. The partition walls have also cracked, and concentrated forces have caused further cracks in certain areas. By analysing the documented types of damage and their causes, the repair plans aim to address and eliminate the identified sources of damage. The renovation is designed to minimize intervention in the historical layers of the barrack while preserving its documentary value. It will also ensure that visitors have safe access to the site.
Comparative analysis of the response of the road structure with full/partial interlayer connection to traffic action
Authors: Stirb Adelin , Forton Andrei , Marc Paul
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the response of the road pavement of a road sector analysed to the action of traffic that was determined numerically by using two dedicated software. In this respect, the Romanian program CALDEROM 2000 (PD 177, 2001), respectively the French program for calculating the road pavements ALIZÉ-LCPC were used. Both programs use the Burminster elastic model for the analytical evaluation of stress states and specific deformations in multilayer road pavements. However, unlike the CALDEROM 2000 program, the ALIZÉ-LCPC software allows the user to define the interfaces between layers and switch loads from single axle to multiple loads, being a rational method, based on the determination of the resilient stresses and deformations in road structures by using the classical linear elastic multilayer model. The aim of this study was to determine whether the road pavement with deficiencies of adhesion between layers is able to take over the calculated traffic considered in the project, possibly the proportion of calculation traffic that can be taken over, which would allow an assessment of the capable operation life of the road pavement and, implicitly, of the possibility of its yielding before the end of the perspective period considered.
Stress relaxation of concrete beams caused by creep and shrinkage effects
Authors: Jindra Daniel , Hradil Petr , Kala Jiří
Published: May 2024

Shrinkage and creep are two important physical properties of concrete material which cause increase of the deformation of the constantly loaded structure over long period of time, the feature known as rheology. Additional deformation of concrete structures at the end of the design working period (most commonly 50 years) caused by these phenomena is circa three times larger than the value of the immediate elastic deformation (or even larger in some cases). Hence, in accordance with the corresponding European standard, these effects should be taken in account while evaluating the serviceability limit state of concrete structures, and if significant, consideration of these phenomena is also needed for the verification of the ultimate limit state. In concrete material, creep occurs at all stress levels, and is dependent on many parameters, as cement class, concrete grade, relative humidity of the environment, surface of the structure in contact with the ambient air (drying surface), and the age of concrete (after casting) at the loading moment. Shrinkage of the concrete is independent on loading. It is caused by decrease of the pore water content in the hardened concrete, and is predominantly dependent on the ambient relative humidity. Relaxation describes stress reduction at a constant material strain, usually in prestressing steel tendons. In this study, the physical experiments of multiple concrete beams over time with respect to rheological processes are described. Each experimental system consists of two C35/45 beams horizontally bounded by a prestressed steel cylinder. Decrease of these pretension forces in cylinders over time have been monitored (stress relaxation). All together time histories of two forces are documented, based on measurements conducted in interior environment of an agricultural building. The experimental time histories of the pretension forces are then compared with the results of the finite element numerical analyses conducted in ANSYS software. Creep and shrinkage effects of the concrete material have been considered based on the corresponding European standard for design of the concrete structures. The time-histories of the forces in prestressed cylinders obtained from the numerical simulations are then compared with the experimental data, and discussed. It is concluded, that the estimation of the force decrease over analysed time with the creep and shrinkage effects considered according to the corresponding European standard appears to be slightly larger than the experimentally measured decrease of the force value, hence the assumption is more conservative.
Experimental design with gypsum composite material, reinforced with “Carloduvica Palmata”
Authors: Munzon Pablo , Heras Diego , Avila-Calle Marco , Jara-Alvear Joanna
Published: May 2024

In this research, a new gypsum composite material, reinforced with Carloduvica Palmata plant fiber, is developed for use as prefabricated panels in interior spaces. An experimental methodological design with a quantitative approach is used, since the study variables will be manipulated until the desired physical characteristics are achieved. The first step is to obtain the natural fiber from local suppliers, then a treatment consisting of: washing, chemical purification, bleaching and crushing. The fibers are classified according to their length and diameter, and then specimens are made with different compositions of gypsum and organic material to perform flexural and compression tests in a specialized laboratory. The analysis with the specimens revealed that the L2 fiber (12 x 1 mm) with a density of 3% in the mixture obtained the best compression and flexural results, demonstrating that both the 36 mm and 1 mm elongated fibers are of lower resistance. Similarly, the panels were fabricated with this material and were found to have superior characteristics compared to a conventional gypsum panel. Also, the physical appearance of the reinforced panel does not differ from conventional panels, so it may represent a possible substitute. Conclusion: the use of biodegradable materials in the manufacture of construction materials represents a more environmentally friendly process to reduce the risk of environmental pollution and greater energy efficiency.
Thermography of the extensive green roof of multifunctional building Brno
Authors: Mohapl Martin , Jílek Jan
Published: May 2024

The article describes the state of the extensive green roof in winter. It deals with heat transmission on a vegetated roof with a vegetation layer thickness of up to 10 cm. The case study describes the condition of the green roof, which was implemented a year ago on a multi-functional building on Bratislavská Street in Brno. A pre-grown vegetation carpet on a coir mat was installed on the roof. A control segment of the vegetation roof is installed in the roof structure, the influence of which was also monitored as part of the preparation of the article. The article follows the control measurement of humidity in a green roof and the investigation of the influence of the vegetation composition on the thermal-technical properties of the roof.
Toolkit for designing more sustainable large buildings in peri-urban areas and natural sites
Authors: Raduca Teodora
Published: May 2024

The most sustainable action anybody in the building sector could actually take is decide not to erect any new building, in order to maintain the landscape as untouched as possible and preserved for the sake of our future generations. Unfortunately, this is rather impossible in this day and age, as the building decision usually comes from a necessity and an intention to provide appropriate shelter to a certain activity. This is precisely the reason for which the in-depth study of the impact a building has both on its immediate surroundings and on the urban/ rural environment should be a common practice if we are to design and build in a sustainable manner. The impact a building has on its environment varies according to two main criteria: (1) the type of building we are referring to and (2) the environment in which the supposed building is set out to be inserted in. Thus, it is fair to state that a single-family house with a 150 sq. m gross area build on concrete frame with brick filling built in an urban regulated area is going to have a significantly different impact than a 2000 sq. m construction materials storage warehouse built on a steel frame with term insulated panels in a rather rural and untouched area in the periphery of a village. This latter category makes the scope of the present paper. Concerning the 2nd criteria, the urban environment is highly regulated, and the majority of the space is set out to be built in a manner which mirrors the evolution of the last 130 years of urban studies. Most urban settlements in Europe, be it city, town or village have urban regulatory means of stating the way a certain building occupies a plot of land within the urban frame, its recommended height and suggestion to integrate the areas’ specific aesthetics. When referred to the expectancy to have similar regulations for the peri-urban areas, or even the ones outside the built-up area we are often met with a no-man’s-land, a rather empty regulatory area which falls in the jurisdiction of local and regional authorities. The present paper aims at offering a toolkit for the local authorities to use as a negotiation frame between the interest of preserving as much as possible the natural qualities of the natural landscape while balancing with the economic reasons and benefits of a new investment in their area. The ‘tools’ which make up the study concern: volumetric composition of the buildings depending on their function, methods of generating green energy based on the local resources, regulating the percentage of concrete platforms versus greenery in complete harmony with the destination of the investment. Starting from the premise that the building permit conditions for large scale projects due to be erected in natural landscape need a thorough regulation and after having an overview of such projects in Romania, this paper provides a practical tool for making sure the current laws are to be applied in a more practical and hands-on manner.
Climate-neutral historic buildings, Slowacki Theatre in Poland - case study
Authors: Fedorczak-Cisak Małgorzata , Haupt Patrycja , Markiewicz-Zahorski Przemyslaw , Cechini Klaudia
Published: May 2024

Global policy identifies achieving neutrality in sectors with the highest energy intensity rates as a priority for action. Countries are taking important and necessary measures to achieve this goal. The European Union has introduced a near-zero energy building standard in the construction sector. The next step is the Fit to 55 package, which is a milestone for Europe to achieve total neutrality in 2025. The climate-neutral policy has resulted in requirements and regulations already implemented in the sectors that consume the most energy and emit the most greenhouse gases. One such sector is construction, which accounts for around 40% of total energy consumption. Buildings newly designed in EU countries must now meet stringent thermal protection requirements. In Europe and Poland, governments are allocating substantial funds for the thermal modernisation of existing buildings. The exceptions to this are listed buildings and buildings under preservationist care. Such buildings are not subject to thermal protection regulations. In historic buildings, the priority is to protect the national heritage. However, the recent Energy Performance Directive introduced, for the first time, a recommendation that historic buildings should also be investigated for energy efficiency measures, under strict protection of the historic character of the building, of course. In this article, the authors present an analysis of a historic building of great historical significance. It is the Słowacki Theatre in Krakow. The research question the authors answer in their analysis is whether and how a historic building can be brought to a level of zero energy and climate neutrality. The second research question is whether, in addition to aspects related to energy saving and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, other aspects of designing the improvement of the historic building and its surroundings should also be considered in the analysis. The results of the authors' analysis indicate that a building level of near-zero energy demand can only be achieved for a listed building if the building undergoes thermal modernisation measures approved by the conservation officer and then the heat source is replaced with biomass or a heat pump powered by photovoltaic panels. To the aspects related to the preservation of the historical heritage, the improvement of energy efficiency and the reduction of CO2 emissions, the authors propose to include aspects related to the comfort of use of the building and aspects related to the accessibility of the building for people with special needs (the elderly and people with disabilities).
Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Liver Transplant Complications in Children
Authors: Shah Ritu , Sharma Pareena , Variyam Darshan , Leshen Michael , Bertino Frederic J. , Zavaletta Vaz , Shah Jay
Published: May 2024

Liver transplantation (LT) is a common solid organ transplant in the pediatric population. The common indications for LT, as well as its complications, differ between adults and children. This difference necessitates unique pediatric interventional radiology (IR) interventions. This article focuses on unique vascular complications occurring post-pediatric LT and highlights the importance of IR in their management. It explores IR's involvement in the workup of patients' pre-LT and management of complications following portosystemic shunts. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of different access routes as well as the prevalence, clinical picture, diagnosis, and management of complications after pediatric LT. These complications encompass portal vein stenosis, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic artery stenosis, hepatic artery thrombosis, hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, arterioportal fistula, hepatic vein stenosis, and inferior vena cava stenosis. The choice of endovascular technique for a clinical indication depends on vascular anatomy, time since LT, and patient-specific factors. Transsplenic access is a useful alternative to transhepatic or transjugular access. The decision to place a stent in a child is influenced by the expected growth of the child and risk of focal narrowing at stent edge (because of recipient growth). Technical challenges in pediatric patient management, including uncooperative patients and sedation issues, must be considered. Pediatric LT complications can present with significant challenges in the posttransplant care of recipients and may lead to serious morbidity and graft failure if not managed effectively. IR techniques like balloon angioplasty, stent placement, thrombolysis, and embolization have demonstrated success in treating these complications, improving patient outcomes, and reducing long-term morbidity and mortality. By enhancing the understanding of medical practitioners and interventional radiologists about complex vascular complications, this article aims to contribute to better posttransplant care and improved outcomes for LT in pediatric populations. Continued collaboration between specialties and research will advance the field of pediatric LT and IR, to create even more effective treatment strategies.
Nursing Interventions in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Livesay Sarah L.
Published: May 2024

Highly educated and skilled nursing care is critical to improving patient outcomes in general and in specialties like neurocritical care. Nursing interventions reflect nursing knowledge, critical thinking, and decision-making and is generally rooted in the nursing process. Nursing interventions are also a key focus of research to better understand how nursing care influences patient outcomes. This review describes the literature regarding nursing interventions in key neurocritical diagnoses and contextualizes it within the broader discussion about the nursing process and nursing interventions research. Publications about nursing interventions in neurocritical care emphasize key themes, including managing neurophysiologic parameters, providing psychosocial support, managing the environmental milieu, and interventions to prevent complications. Further study of how to best support nurses in collecting and interpreting data to form nursing interventions is needed, as is understanding the benefits and limitations of the nursing process in low- and middle-income countries.
The environmental impacts and sustainable pathways of the global diamond industry
Authors: Sun Yutong , Jiang Shangrong , Wang Shouyang
Published: May 2024

Mining diamond poses significant and potentially underestimated risks to the environment worldwide. Here, we propose a Diamond Environmental Impacts Estimation (DEIE) model to forecast the environmental indicators, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mineral waste, and water usage of the diamond industry from 2030 to 2100 in the top diamond production countries under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). The DEIE projection results indicate that the annual GHG emissions, mineral waste, and water usage of the global diamond industry will reach 9.65 Mt, 422.80 Mt, and 78.68 million m3 under the SSP1-1.9 scenario, and 13.26 Mt, 582.84 Mt, and 107.95 million m3 under the SSP2-2.6 scenario in 2100, respectively. We analyze the environmental impact heterogeneities and the associated driving factors across the major diamond production countries identified by our DEIE framework. In addition, we find that lab-grown diamonds can reduce annual GHG emissions, mineral waste, and water usage by 9.58 Mt, 421.06 Mt, and 66.70 million m3 in 2100. The lab-grown diamond substitution policy can annually save 714 million cubic meters of landfill space, harvest 255 million kilograms of rice, feed 436 million people, and lift 1.19 million households out of hunger. The lab-grown diamond substitution policy could contribute to the diamond industry’s GHG mitigation and sustainability efforts in a cost-saving manner.
Rooftop wind turbine airflow dynamics
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2024

Wind tunnel experiments offer insight on placement and optimization strategies for harvesting wind energy on smaller scales.
Surface matters: A case study of the scale and impact of oxide surfaces via orbital polarization
Authors: Shoham Lishai , Baskin Maria , Kauffmann Yaron , Zakharova Anna , Yoshida Teppei , Miyasaka Shigeki , Piamonteze Cinthia , Kornblum Lior
Published: May 2024

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) exhibit a broad spectrum of functional electronic, magnetic, and optical properties, making them attractive for various technological applications. The scale and impact of surface defects and inhomogeneity can extend many unit cells below the surface. Overlooking this aspect of TMO surfaces can result in an incorrect interpretation of their physics and inhibit their maturation into device technology. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a common technique for TMO studies, and different XAS acquisition modes can be used to measure different depth regimes in the sample. Here, we demonstrate a substantial disparity between the near-surface region and the “bulk” of the prototypical TMO SrVO3. By driving the system across two scenarios of orbital polarization, we illustrate how a common XAS surface-sensitive acquisition technique fails to detect the intrinsic orbital polarization. By stark contrast, a “bulk”-sensitive technique successfully captures this effect, elucidating the expected orbital occupation inversion. These results not only underscore the impact of the near-surface region on the correct interpretation of TMO fundamental physics, but further highlight the scale of surface inhomogeneity, a critical aspect of nanoscale functional devices.
Feral cat predation of the threatened Pilbara leaf-nosed bat – a key threatening process
Authors: Moyses Jessie , Grabham Craig , Armstrong Kyle N. , Knuckey Chris G. , D’Rozario Brighton
Published: May 2024

Feral cat predation is recognised as a significant threat to Australian wildlife that has contributed to population declines and extinctions. Cat predation of bats worldwide is a growing concern, though there are few studies focusing on Australian species. We consolidated empirical evidence of cat predation on the threatened Pilbara leaf-nosed bat (Rhinonicteris aurantia) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Observations in video and camera trap datasets demonstrated repeated predation of R. aurantia by several individual cats at three significant roosts. Between 2020 and 2023, we documented 183–200 bat kills at these sites. We recommend feral cat predation be formally recognised as a key threat to this species. To prevent declines at key colonies that would contribute to a population reduction, ongoing monitoring and proactive control of cats at known R. aurantia roosts should be prioritised. As demonstrated herein, camera trap monitoring is a valid method for quantifying the impact of feral cats at roost sites. Because relatively few individual cats at just a few sites can have a large impact, and most of the larger roost sites of R. aurantia have been discovered, there is potential for amelioration of this threat with multiple established and emerging methods deployed concurrently.
Local vs. cooperative: Unraveling glass transition mechanisms with SEER
Authors: Pica Ciamarra Massimo , Ji Wencheng , Wyart Matthieu
Published: May 2024

Which phenomenon slows down the dynamics in supercooled liquids and turns them into glasses is a long-standing question of condensed matter. Most popular theories posit that as the temperature decreases, many events must occur in a coordinated fashion on a growing length scale for relaxation to occur. Instead, other approaches consider that local barriers associated with the elementary rearrangement of a few particles or “excitations” govern the dynamics. To resolve this conundrum, our central result is to introduce an algorithm, Systematic Excitation ExtRaction, which can systematically extract hundreds of excitations and their energy from any given configuration. We also provide a measurement of the activation energy, characterizing the liquid dynamics, based on fast quenching and reheating. We use these two methods in a popular liquid model of polydisperse particles. Such polydisperse models are known to capture the hallmarks of the glass transition and can be equilibrated efficiently up to millisecond time scales. The analysis reveals that cooperative effects do not control the fragility of such liquids: the change of energy of local barriers determines the change of activation energy. More generally, these methods can now be used to measure the degree of cooperativity of any liquid model.
Script-style degrees
Authors: Oderkerk Chiron A. T. , Beier Sofie
Published: May 2024

Previous work has shown that letters presented in special fonts with a high degree of script style have a poor
recognition rate. We investigated whether there is a breaking point where this deficit sets in. In an experimental paradigm using
a three-letter string partial report, 32 participants were presented with test stimuli of four new fonts with gradually increasing
script style. The results of our investigation showed that each level of increasing script style resulted in significantly worse
recognition. These findings demonstrate that for maximum letter recognition, the font style should be based on simple and familiar
letter skeletons.
Trauma-Informed Care Practices in a Forensic Setting: Exploring Health Care Professionals’ Perceptions and Experiences
Authors: Seitanidou Dimitra , Melegkovits Eirini Aikaterini , Kenneally Laura , Elliott Sarah , Alves-Costa Filipa
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of trauma within secure forensic populations is widely acknowledged, yet the implementation of trauma-informed care (TIC) in secure forensic settings (SFS) remains in its infancy. This qualitative study delves into the perceptions and experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) adopting a TIC framework in SFS, examining associated barriers and facilitators. 15 participants engaged in semi-structured interviews, and results underwent thematic analysis, yielding five overarching themes and 15 sub-themes. Themes identified include: 1) understanding the TIC experience in SFS, 2) organizational and personal barriers in TIC implementation, 3) facilitators and reflections on TIC benefits, 4) barriers to specific TIC practices, and 5) practical recommendations. Participants emphasized the prevalent nature of trauma in SFS and underscored the perceived advantages of creating spaces for reflection and emotional well-being. Interviewees explored the impact of organizational culture, the demands of frontline roles and training accessibility. Practice implications highlight the need to involve key stakeholders (staff and SUs) in decision making and in assessing the feasibility of implementing TIC. SFS should prioritize TIC by addressing training needs, allocating time for TIC in supervision, providing specialist support for trauma-informed clinical work, and ensuring dedicated spaces for reflection. While the study highlights the power of incorporating HCP perspectives, limitations arise from findings drawn from a single forensic service, emphasizing the importance of further replication. This research contributes valuable insights into advancing trauma-informed care practices within secure forensic settings.
High-energy, high-peak-power diode-pumped Q-switched Tm:YAG laser at 2.02 μm with tunable repetition rate from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz
Authors: Wu Jian-Hong , Du Shi-Feng , Wang Zhi-Chao , Gao Yun , Wang Hai-Long , Bo Yong , Cui Da-Fu , Peng Qin-Jun
Published: May 2024

A high-energy, high-peak-power Q-switched Tm:YAG laser at 2.02 μm with a tunable repetition rate from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz and pulse duration in the hundreds of nanoseconds is demonstrated. The high energy output was achieved by employing a thermally stable linear cavity, including two compact laser diode continuous-wave side-pumped Tm:YAG laser modules. For Q-switched operation, stable Q-switched performance from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz was realized at near-room temperature. At a repetition rate of 100 Hz, the laser delivered a maximum pulse energy of 215 mJ with a pulse duration of 124.4 ns, resulting in a peak power of up to 1.73 MW. When the repetition rate was tuned to 200 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz, pulse energies of 212 mJ, 125.6 mJ, and 68.2 mJ were obtained, with pulse durations of 133.6 ns, 176.3 ns, and 262 ns, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest single pulse energies and peak powers ever accomplished for a diode-pumped Q-switched Tm-doped 2 μm laser operating at high repetition rates exceeding 100 Hz.
Performance optimization for a scintillating glass electromagnetic calorimeter at the EIC
Authors: Crafts J. , Fatemi R. , Horn T. , Kalinkin D.
Published: May 2024

The successful realization of the EIC scientific program requires the design
and construction of high-performance particle detectors. Recent
developments in the field of scientific computing and increased
availability of high performance computing resources have made it
possible to perform optimization of multi-parameter designs, even
when the latter require longer computational times (for example
simulations of particle interactions with matter). Procedures
involving machine-assisted techniques used to inform the design
decision have seen a considerable growth in popularity among the EIC
detector community. Having already been realized for tracking and
RICH PID detectors, it has a potential application in calorimetry
designs. A SciGlass barrel calorimeter originally designed for EIC
Detector-1 has a semi-projective geometry that allows for
non-trivial performance gains, but also poses special challenges in
the way of effective exploration of the design space while
satisfying the available space and the cell dimension constraints
together with the full detector acceptance requirement. This talk
will cover specific approaches taken to perform this detector design
optimization.
Proposal and design of 81.25 MHz heavy ion drift tube linacs for BISOL
Authors: Han Meiyun , Wei Tianhao , Xia Ying , Morris Austin , Lu Yuanrong , Wang Zhi , Peng Zhaohua
Published: May 2024

Based on the design requirements proposed by the Beijing
On-Line Isotope Separation project (BISOL), four Sn22+-based,
81.25 MHz continuous wave (CW) drift tube linac (DTL) cavities have
been designed. These DTLs are capable of accelerating Sn22+ of
0.1 pmA from 0.5 MeV/u to 1.8 MeV/u over a length of 7 m, with an
output longitudinal normalized RMS emittance of
0.35π·mm·mrad, and transmission efficiency higher than
95%. The dynamics design adopted the KONUS (Kombinierte Null Grad
Struktur Combined 0° Structure) scheme. Comprehensive error
study implies that these DTLs can accommodate a wide range of
non-ideal beams and cavity alignment errors while maintaining high
transmission efficiency. The electromagnetic design employed a
Cross-bar H-mode (CH) structure for superior water-cooling
characteristics, and a detailed tuning analysis was conducted to
derive an optimal tuning scheme. The results of the multiple-physics
analysis indicate that the frequency shift of each cavity is within
an acceptable range. Comparing the dynamics requirements with the RF
design results, similar particle output phase distribution,
equivalent energy gain and consistent emittance growth are
observed. Detailed designs will be presented in this manuscript.
Understanding the role of the spatial-temporal variability of catchment water storage capacity and its runoff response using deep learning networks
Authors: Xie Kang , Cheng Qian , Zhang Jianyun , Liu Pan , Wang Guoqing
Published: May 2024

The land surface of a watershed acts as a large reservoir, with its catchment water storage capacity (CWSC) influencing rainfall-runoff relationship. Estimating CWSC at global grid scale is challenging due to calibration complexity, limited spatial continuity, and data scarcity. To address this, a deep learning-based approach incorporates spatial reconstruction and temporal transfer for capturing spatio-temporal variations in watershed characteristics. The study focuses on the Global Runoff Data Centre dataset and presents a grid-based hydrological model. Findings demonstrate accurate identification of CWSC distribution, with the model achieving an R
2 of 0.92 and the runoff Kling–Gupta efficiency of 0.71 during validation. According to the CMIP6 projections, the global CWSC is anticipated to undergo a significant increase at a rate of 1.7 mm per decade under the SSP5-8.5 emission scenario. Neglecting spatio-temporal CWSC variability globally overestimates climate change’s impact on runoff, potentially reducing the projected long-term increase by up to 41%.
The complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble at weak non-Hermiticity: bulk spacing distributions
Authors: Bothner Thomas , Little Alex
Published: May 2024

We show that the distribution of bulk spacings between pairs of adjacent eigenvalue real parts of a random matrix drawn from the complex elliptic Ginibre ensemble is asymptotically given by a generalization of the Gaudin-Mehta distribution, in the limit of weak non-Hermiticity. The same generalization is expressed in terms of an integro-differential Painlevé function and it is shown that the generalized Gaudin-Mehta distribution describes the crossover, with increasing degree of non-Hermiticity, from Gaudin-Mehta nearest-neighbor bulk statistics in the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble to Poisson gap statistics for eigenvalue real parts in the bulk of the Complex Ginibre Ensemble.
Role of morphology in improving the catalytic performance of ZnCo2O4 for soot oxidation
Authors: Rajagopal Nithya , A L Vikram , Dasari Harshini , S Nethaji
Published: May 2024

The extent of interaction between carbon and catalyst profoundly shapes soot oxidation results. The catalyst configuration notably influences the frequency of contact points in solid–solid interactions. This investigation studies the impact of three distinct ZnCo2O4 catalyst morphologies and their redox property on soot oxidation. The formation of the cubic phase of ZnCo2O4 via three distinct methods was revealed during XRD analysis. SEM analysis unveiled varying morphologies, including rod-shaped, rose petal-shaped, and bead-like structures. Notably, ZnCo2O4 exhibiting bead-like morphology demonstrated heightened levels of chemisorbed oxygen species which was observed during XPS analysis. The presence of Co2+ and Co3+ occupied at octahedral site ZnCo2O4 acted as the active sites for soot oxidation. With continuous redox property (Co 3+ → Co 2+) leading to the generation of active oxygen species and with an added advantage of surface morphology, the M2 sample (with bead-like morphology) exhibited superior soot oxidation activity, which is evident by its T50% value of 402 °C. This study underscores the essential role of catalyst morphology in influencing soot oxidation activity. Through a comprehensive array of structural, morphological, and catalytic analyses, this work sheds light on the correlation between catalyst architecture and enhanced soot oxidation performance.