bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lesing av delvis motstridende tekster i syvende klasse
Authors: Rogne Wenke Mork , Strømsø Helge I.
Published: August 2017

I denne artikkelen ser vi på hvilken type informasjon elever i 7. klasse vektlegger for å konstruere en sammenhengende oppsummering av fire til dels motstridende tekster. Elever møter ofte flere tekster om samme tema – multiple tekster – og vi trenger økt kunnskap om hvordan de leser slike tekster. Elevene leste fire ulike tekster om en sykkelulykke. Tekstene presenterte informasjon som var delvis sammenfallende på tvers av alle tekstene, og delvis motstridende informasjon som innebar at enkelte tekster ga ulike beskrivelser av hendelsesforløpet. Vi testet elevenes ordavkodingsferdigheter, fikk dem til å fylle ut et spørreskjema om lesevaner og vi innhentet elevenes resultater på Nasjonal leseprøve. Etter lesing ba vi elevene gi en oppsummering av sykkelulykken. Elevene gjenga relativt mer sammenfallende informasjon enn motstridende informasjon. Gode resultater på Nasjonal leseprøve ser ut til å ha en sammenheng med elevenes ferdigheter i å konstruere en sammenhengende forståelse av de fire tekstene. Elever som oppga å lese mye på Internett hadde imidlertid fått med mindre av informasjonen som var felles for de fire tekstene i sine oppsummeringer. Vi fant også en negativ sammenheng mellom fritidslesing på Internett og resultatene fra Nasjonal leseprøve. Samlet sett indikerer resultatene at når elevene skal skape sammenheng mellom flere delvis motstridende tekster, så blir sammenfallende informasjon vektlagt mer enn motstridende informasjon. Dessuten ser det ut til at de elevene som bruker mest fritid til å lese på Internett, sliter mer med å sammenfatte innholdet i de fire tekstene enn de andre elevene.
Forestillinger om spanskfaget: et kritisk blikk på lærebøker i spansk
Authors: Eide Liv
Published: August 2017

Denne artikkelen retter et kritisk blikk på lærebøker i spanskfaget, og stiller spørsmålet om de ivaretar læreplanens målsetninger om at fremmedspråksfaget skal være et dannings- og kulturfag. Vi skal se at spanskfagets historie og utfordringer skiller seg vesentlig fra de to andre store fremmedspråkene i skolen: tysk og fransk, og det er grunn til å tro at læreboken står spesielt sterkt i spanskfaget. Videre vil vi se at det hersker en forestilling om det spanske språket som turistspråk og et språk man forbinder med populærkultur, og at det er disse forestillingene som ofte ligger til grunn for elevenes valg av språket. Deretter presenteres en analysemodell utviklet for å analysere læreboktekster, og generelle funn fra en undersøkelse av ni lærebøker fra fire ulike læreverk i spansk som er i bruk i den norske skolen. På bakgrunn av denne undersøkelsen vil jeg hevde at lærebøkene bekrefter elevens allerede eksisterende forestillinger om faget. Lærebøkenes verdensbilde utfordrer dermed ikke elevens eget verdensbilde, noe jeg mener et danningsfag bør gjøre. Ved hjelp av et konkret eksempel synliggjøres det også hvilke aspekter ved språkopplæringen elevene står i fare for å gå glipp av når undervisningen blir styrt av læreboken. Avslutningsvis argumenterer jeg for behovet for forskning på hvordan bøkene brukes i praksis, og på lærernes egne forestillinger om spanskfaget.
Litterær kompetanse - portrett av tre lesarar
Authors: Kjelen Hallvard
Published: August 2017

Artikkelen drøfter eit sentralt problemfelt innom litteraturdidaktikken, nemleg tilhøvet mellom litterær lesing som fagleg kompetanse og litterær lesing som oppleving. Problemfeltet er særleg knytt til Louise Rosenblatts arbeid. Ho viser ved hjelp av omgrepa efferent og estetisk lesing korleis det er ei utfordring for litteraturlæraren å utvikle ei litteraturundervisning som i tilstrekkeleg grad tek omsyn til kjensler og røynsler. I ein litteraturteoretisk kontekst er subjektive responsar på litterære tekstar irrelevante, men i ein litteraturdidaktisk kontekst er subjektive responsar høgst relevante. Denne artikkelen bidrar inn i diskusjon-en mellom anna ved å trekkje inn meir empirisk basert litteraturteori som referanseramme. Artikkelen presenterer tre lesarars litterære responsar, og viser korleis kunnskap om individuelle lesarresponsar kan vere utgangspunkt for ei litteraturundervisning som balanserer ei fagleg tilnærming til litteratur opp mot ei meir opplevingsbasert tilnærming.Emneord: Litteraturundervisning, litterær kompetanse, empirisk litteraturteori, lesarresponsAbstractThe article discusses a key issue in literature didactics, namely the relation between literary reading as an academic competence, and literary reading as an experience. The discussion draws heavily on Louise Rosenblatt’s work. By using the concepts efferent and aesthetic reading, she shows how it is a challenge for the teacher of literature to develop literature teaching that adequately takes emotions and experience into account. In a literature-theoretical context, subjective responses to literary texts are irrelevant; but in a didactics context, the subjective responses are highly relevant.  This article contributes to the discussion by bringing in a more empirically based literature theory as a frame of reference. The article presents three readers’ literary responses, and shows how knowledge of individual reader responses can be the basis for literature teaching which balances an academic approach to literature with a more experience-based approach.Key word: Teaching literature, literary competence, empirical literary theory, reader-response
Vad behöver eleverna undervisning i för att utveckla sitt skrivande? Förväntningsnormer och didaktiska beslut i svensklärares bedömningssamtal
Authors: Blomqvist Per , Lindberg Viveca , Skar Gustaf B
Published: August 2017

I studien samtalar tre lärargrupper om elevers skrivande och skrivundervisning i ämnet svenska på gymnasiet. Det teoretiska perspektiv som läggs på dessa samtal är didaktiskt och inriktas på hur lärare formulerar och använder bedömningsinformation om elevers skrivande för beslut om skrivundervisningens innehåll. Resultatet visar att lärares bedömningar av elevers skrivande behandlar fler och delvis andra aspekter av skrivförmåga än vad deras didaktiska beslut sedan omfattar. De kvalitetsuppfattningar och förväntningsnormer som lärarna uttrycker i sina bedömningar av elevers skrivande inriktas huvudsakligen på texters kommunikativa kvaliteter, den stilistiska utformningen och textuppbyggnaden, följt av ämnesinnehåll och källanvändning. De didaktiska beslut som fattas utifrån bedömningen av elevers texter inriktas däremot i stort sett enbart på att eleverna behöver skrivundervisning i att disponera text och att använda källor. Detta gör att överensstämmelsen är låg mellan lärarnas beslut om skrivundervisningens inriktning och deras förväntningar på vad eleverna ska kunna. De didaktiska besluten omfattar i begränsad utsträckning den bedömningsinformation som lärarna själva har formulerat.Nyckelord: Skrivbedömning, kvalitetsuppfattningar, förväntningsnormer, didaktiska beslut, formativ bedömning, svenskämnets didaktik, svenska på gymnasietAbstractThis article presents an analysis of teacher group discussions about students’ writing in the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school. The study adopts a pedagogical perspective on these discussions and focuses on examining teachers’ expressed assessment criteria and relating them to their pedagogical decision-making. The results reveal that the teachers’ assessments of students’ writing focus on much more, and partly other, criteria than their pedagogical decisions. The quality standards that teachers express in the discussions about students’ texts focus mostly on communicative quality, language style and text structure followed by content and the use of sources. The pedagogical decisions are, on the other hand, almost exclusively focusing on text structure and the use of sources. This means that there is a gap between the teachers’ perceptions of qualities in students’ writing and their pedagogical decisions. The pedagogical decisions cover to a limited extent the assessment information that teachers themselves formulated.Keywords: Writing assessment, assessment criteria, pedagogical decision-making, formative assessment, Swedish in upper secondary school
På jakt etter fagdidaktikk i nasjonale retningslinjer for grunnskolelærerutdanningens matematikkfag
Authors: Mosvold Reidar , Hanssen Brit , Fauskanger Janne
Published: August 2017

Forskriften for grunnskolelærerutdanning løfter fram fagdidaktikk som et sentralt og gjennomgående tema i utdanningen, mens mange lærerstudenter opplever at det er lite fagdidaktisk fokus i enkelte fag. En mulig forklaring på dette kan være at lærerutdannere ikke har et felles didaktisk språk og at forholdet mellom fag og fagdidaktikk ikke er avklart. I denne studien retter vi blikket mot oss selv som lærerutdannere og analyserer to av artikkelforfatternes refleksjoner omkring nasjonale retningslinjer i matematikk for GLU 1–7, når vi diskuterer hvordan ulike forforståelser preger lesingen og tolkningen av teksten. Den ene leseren (en fagpedagog) opplever at fagdidaktikkbegrepet rent eksplisitt er fraværende i læreplanteksten, mens den andre leseren (en matematikkdidaktiker) ser begrepet implisitt i teksten. Med utgangspunkt i ulike forforståelser og tolkninger, mener vi det er nødvendig at lærerutdannere diskuterer sentrale profesjonsbegreper som fagdidaktikk for å utvikle et felles didaktisk språk og for å avklare forholdet mellom fag og fagdidaktikk. Slik vil didaktikk kunne bli mer synlig i utdanningen og læreplantekstene få en sterkere didaktisk innramming.Nøkkelord: didaktikk, undervisningskunnskap i matematikk, forforståelser, tolkning.AbstractStudent teachers experience lack of focus on subject didactics in some subjects in teacher education, whereas the national curriculum regulations emphasize this as a cohesive theme. A possible explanation might be that teacher educators have no common didactical language and that there is lack of clarity in the relationship between subject and subject didactics. In this study, we analyse the reflections of two of the authors on the national guidelines for mathematics in the primary teacher education programme for years 1–7, in which we discuss how different preconceptions influence our reading and interpretation of this text. One reader (with a background in pedagogy) contends that the concept of subject didactics is not explicitly present in the curriculum text, whereas the other reader (with a background in mathematics education) considers the concept to be implicitly present. Based on such diverging preconceptions and interpretations, we suggest that teacher educators need to discuss core concepts of the teaching profession – such as subject didactics – in order to develop a common didactical language and to clarify the relationship between subject and subject didactics in teacher education. This could contribute to improving the visibility of didactics in teacher education, and the curriculum guidelines might get a stronger didactical framing.Keywords: didactics, mathematical knowledge for teaching, preconceptions, interpretation.
Et kunnskapsgrunnlag for skoleledelse
Authors: Ottesen Eli
Published: August 2017

Utdanning av skoleledere vies stor oppmerksomheter, både i politikk, i forskning og som praksis, men forskning tyder på at det mangler et omforent kunnskapsgrunnlag som kan definere hva slik utdanning kan eller bør inneholde. Tvert imot synes det å være et mangfold blant tilbydere både nasjonalt og internasjonalt. I artikkelen utforskes hva som kan utgjøre et kunnskapsgrunnlag for skoleledelse, og hva det kan bety for opplæring av skoleledere. Mot en bakgrunn av hva vi vet om skolelederopplæring, beskrives ledelse som profesjonelt arbeid der kjernen er ansvaret for og retten til å fatte beslutninger basert på skjønnsmessige vurderinger. Hoveddelen av artikkelen er drøfting av hva det kan bety å forankre kunnskapsgrunnlaget for skoleledelse i pedagogikken.  Avslutningsvis pekes det på implikasjoner for skolelederopplæring.  Nøkkelord: kunnskapsgrunnlag, profesjonelt arbeid, skoleledelse, skolelederopplæring.AbstractCurrently, the education of school leaders is receiving considerable attention in policy, research and as a practice. However, research indicates a lack of agreement about the curriculum that could or should define such education; there seems to be great diversity among providers both nationally and internationally. The article explores what might constitute core knowledge for educational leaders. Against the background of what we know about leadership education the article describes leadership as professional work, where school leaders are responsible for and have the right to make decisions based on professional discretion. The main part of the article is a discussion of what might be implications of grounding leadership education in educational science. Finally, some implications for leadership education are suggested.Keywords: knowledge base, professional work, educational leadership, school leader education.
A FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS SEGUNDO O NOVO CPC
Authors: Oliveira Wagner Vinícius
Published: August 2017

Este escrito dedica-se a abordar algumas das inovações trazidas pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil, Lei n. 13.105/2015, especialmente sobre a fundamentação nas decisões judiciais, já que, de agora em diante, serão balizadas pelo novo marco procedimental, estabelecendo um ambiente técnico-procedimental argumentativo. A fim de nortear a atividade decisória o Novo CPC, art. 489, § 1º, elenca as hipóteses de não-fundamentação, sendo, portanto nula a decisão que incorra em qualquer de seus seis incisos. Por fim, apresenta-se que a necessidade de se estabelecer critérios minimamente objetivos para demarcação da atividade decisória é uma realidade.
O homem e o sonho: Darcy Ribeiro, 1922-1997. Brasil, 1500...
Authors: Cassoli Marileide Lázara
Published: August 2017

A leitura de O povo brasileiro nos instiga a pensar sobre esse gigantesco quebra-cabeças constituído pelo Brasil e o seu povo. Para Darcy Ribeiro, desvelar o processo que consolidou as desigualdades historicamente construídas em nosso país responderia à incógnita que o motivou a escrever diversos estudos sobre o processo de formação de nosso povo: Por que o Brasil não deu certo? Um tema tão antigo quanto atual, elevar o Brasil ao patamar das nações civilizadas fez parte do imaginário das elites nacionais na condução da vida política do país em vários momentos de sua história. Compreender as razões de nosso desenvolvimento desigual e pensar nas perspectivas de auto-superação que se abrem aos povos considerados mais atrasados, nortearam não apenas a elaboração de O povo brasileiro, assim como, conduziu à publicação de uma série de estudos sobre o processo de formação dos povos americanos. A educação, caminho a ser construído e trilhado nessa empreitada, foi o sonho que norteou as ações deste intelectual que acreditava ser esta a via para que o Brasil “desse certo”. Buscamos, aqui, discutir essas questões a partir das proposições contidas nesta obra.
ESTUDO DO PROJETO DE PREVENÇÃO E COMBATE AO INCÊNDIO PARA A BOATE KISS (SANTA MARIA/RS) NO ÂMBITO DA LEGISLAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Santana Matheus Augusto , De Oliveira Alvares Alice Laura , Duarte Pereira Ana Flávia , Leite de Almeida Guilherme Henrique , De Almeida Campos Renata Botelho , Ferreira Cordeiro Thauane Fiche , Jacob Raquel Sampaio
Published: August 2017

Os danos causados por incêndios têm ocorrido com mais frequência à sociedade. Tanto em locais de reunião de público como em edificações comerciais e/ou residenciais o risco de incêndio está presente. No contexto de um dos maiores incêndios ocorridos no Brasil e no intuito de sugerir medidas de segurança que facilitariam o controle do acidente ocorrido na Boate Kiss – RS (2013), propõe-se estudo do projeto de prevenção e combate ao incêndio e pânico baseado nas instruções técnicas redigidas pelo Corpo de Bombeiros de Minas Gerais. A elaboração deste artigo fundamenta-se em solucionar as irregularidades no que diz respeito ao atendimento das normas de prevenção de incêndio, pois tais déficits, se fossem sanados pelos proprietários, teriam reduzido consideravelmente as consequências do pânico ocorrido no local no momento do fatídico acidente. Com a finalidade de cumprir os objetivos propostos utiliza-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, afim de garantir a confiabilidade das informações utilizadas neste trabalho.
Frakobling af formål og indhold - en strukturel diskursanalyse af læreruddannelsens (LU13) sammenhængsforståelse
Authors: Carlsen Benny Bang
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is to investigate the competence goal management of (the Danish reform 2013) the educational discourse as a whole with reference to the Danish mother tongue. This curriculum study embarks on selected documents released by the Danish Department of Teacher Education. The question raised in the article deals with the problem of coherence and its potential ‘constructive alignment’ with reference to the theory proposed by Biggs and Tang (2011) and Ulriksen (2014). The investigation attempts to answer the following question: Does the competence goal management descriptions communicate with its potential receiver of the message? Theoretically, the article establishes the connection between Miller´s rhetorical theory of genre and Gee´s theory of critical discourse as the framework of the research work. The methodological approach refers to the linguistic and pragmatic concepts presented by Togeby (2014). In the final section, in which I account for the discourse analysis, I conclude that the competence goal management of the Danish mother tongue represents a fragmented picture without consistent arguments and accurate references to the field. Formålet med artiklen er at undersøge kompetencemålstænkningens (LU13) uddannelsespolitiske diskurs som helhed med danskfaget som eksempel b belyst eksemplarisk gennem et dokumentstudie af kompetencemålsbeskrivelserne i dansk.  Det foreliggende dokumentstudie rejser således spørgsmålet om sammenhængsforståelsen i danskfaget i LU13 med baggrund i Biggs & Tang (2011) og Ulriksens (2014) teori om ’constructive alignment’. Undersøgelsens fokus er rettet mod en kritisk diskursanalyse af kompetencemålsbeskrivelserne i danskfaget. Undersøgelsen forsøger at besvare spørgsmålet: fungerer kompetencemålsbeskrivelserne i dansk kommunikativt sammenhængende og hensigtsmæssigt i forhold til deres intenderede modtagere? Teoretisk knyttes der an til en sammentænkning af Millers (1984) diskursorienterede genreteori og Gee´s kritiske diskursteori (2011) som forskningsperspektiv og rammesætning for de efterfølgende analyser. På det operationelle metodiske og begrebsanalytiske niveau arbejdes der med henvisning til Togebys (2014) pragmatiske tilgang. På baggrund af diskursanalysen konkluderes det, at kompetencemålsbeskrivelserne for danskfaget fremstår fragmenteret uden argumentation og præcise henvisninger til fagets stofområder.
Status på internationalisering i læreruddannelsen
Authors: Heidemann Tove
Published: August 2017

I denne artikel analyseres, hvilke muligheder for internationalisering den nye læreruddannelse rummer. Hvilke aktiviteter, der bliver realiseret og hvilke problemer, der er forbundet med at gennemføre internationale aktiviteter. Undersøgelsen, som er den første af sin art, omfatter analyse af centrale dokumenter og en empirisk del bestående af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse besvaret af internationale koordinatorer på læreruddannelserne og referater fra disses møder. De væsentligste konklusioner er, at der er færre studerende på studieophold i udlandet end under den forrige lov, men flere på praktikophold. Desuden er der stærkere internationale læringsmiljøer i form af nyudviklede specialiseringsmoduler.
Extensive alternative splicing transitions during postnatal skeletal muscle development are required for calcium handling functions
Authors: Brinegar Amy E , Xia Zheng , Loehr James Anthony , Li Wei , Rodney George Gerald , Cooper Thomas A
Published: August 2017

Postnatal development of skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic period of tissue remodeling. Here, we used RNA-seq to identify transcriptome changes from late embryonic to adult mouse muscle and demonstrate that alternative splicing developmental transitions impact muscle physiology. The first 2 weeks after birth are particularly dynamic for differential gene expression and alternative splicing transitions, and calcium-handling functions are significantly enriched among genes that undergo alternative splicing. We focused on the postnatal splicing transitions of the three calcineurin A genes, calcium-dependent phosphatases that regulate multiple aspects of muscle biology. Redirected splicing of calcineurin A to the fetal isoforms in adult muscle and in differentiated C2C12 slows the timing of muscle relaxation, promotes nuclear localization of calcineurin target Nfatc3, and/or affects expression of Nfatc transcription targets. The results demonstrate a previously unknown specificity of calcineurin isoforms as well as the broader impact of alternative splicing during muscle postnatal development.
The divergent mitotic kinesin MKLP2 exhibits atypical structure and mechanochemistry
Authors: Atherton Joseph , Yu I-Mei , Cook Alexander , Muretta Joseph M , Joseph Agnel , Major Jennifer , Sourigues Yannick , Clause Jeffrey , Topf Maya , Rosenfeld Steven S , Houdusse Anne , Moores Carolyn A
Published: August 2017

MKLP2, a kinesin-6, has critical roles during the metaphase-anaphase transition and cytokinesis. Its motor domain contains conserved nucleotide binding motifs, but is divergent in sequence (~35% identity) and size (~40% larger) compared to other kinesins. Using cryo-electron microscopy and biophysical assays, we have undertaken a mechanochemical dissection of the microtubule-bound MKLP2 motor domain during its ATPase cycle, and show that many facets of its mechanism are distinct from other kinesins. While the MKLP2 neck-linker is directed towards the microtubule plus-end in an ATP-like state, it does not fully dock along the motor domain. Furthermore, the footprint of the MKLP2 motor domain on the MT surface is altered compared to motile kinesins, and enhanced by kinesin-6-specific sequences. The conformation of the highly extended loop6 insertion characteristic of kinesin-6s is nucleotide-independent and does not contact the MT surface. Our results emphasize the role of family-specific insertions in modulating kinesin motor function.
Are extinction opinions extinct?
Authors: Lee Tamsin E. , Bowman Clive , Roberts David L.
Published: August 2017

Extinction models vary in the information they require, the simplest considering the rate of certain sightings only. More complicated methods include uncertain sightings and allow for variation in the reliability of uncertain sightings. Generally extinction models require expert opinion, either as a prior belief that a species is extinct, or to establish the quality of a sighting record, or both. Is this subjectivity necessary? We present two models to explore whether the individual quality of sightings, judged by experts, is strongly informative of the probability of extinction: the ‘quality breakpoint method’ and the ‘quality as variance method’. For the first method we use the Barbary lion as an exemplar. For the second method we use the Barbary lion, Alaotra grebe, Jamaican petrel and Pohnpei starling as exemplars. The ‘quality breakpoint method’ uses certain and uncertain sighting records, and the quality of uncertain records, to establish whether a change point in the rate of sightings can be established using a simultaneous Bayesian optimisation with a non-informative prior. For the Barbary lion, there is a change in subjective quality of sightings around 1930. Unexpectedly sighting quality increases after this date. This suggests that including quality scores from experts can lead to irregular effects and may not offer reliable results. As an alternative, we use quality as a measure of variance around the sightings, not a change in quality. This leads to predictions with larger standard deviations, however the results remain consistent across any prior belief of extinction. Nonetheless, replacing actual quality scores with random quality scores showed little difference, inferring that the quality scores from experts are superfluous. Therefore, we deem the expensive process of obtaining pooled expert estimates as unnecessary, and even when used we recommend that sighting data should have minimal input from experts in terms of assessing the sighting quality at a fine scale. Rather, sightings should be classed as certain or uncertain, using a framework that is as independent of human bias as possible.
Growth and population structure of Argopecten purpuratus at La Rinconada Marine Reserve, Antofagasta, Chile
Authors: Avendaño M , Cantillánez M
Published: August 2017

Continuing studies at our Antofagasta (Chile) laboratory provided data from March 2001 to May 2003 on population parameters of Argopecten purpuratus in the scallop bed occupying the nearby La Rinconada Marine Reserve. Population growth parameters of L∞ = 120.38 mm and K = 0.9668 were obtained using marking and recapture methods. The high recapture percentage (60–80%) of marked individuals indicates a low natural rate of mortality, as well as a sedentary behavior. Annual population estimates confirmed the sedentary behavior of the scallops, with most of the individuals concentrating towards the center of the bed at densities between 9–14.8 ind m–2. Scallop abundance showed interannual variation, with total individual counts ~10.1 × 106 in 2001, 8.2 × 106 in 2002, and 12.4 × 106 in 2003. Evaluations showed a reduction in mean size within the population from one year to the next, the mean length of 75.8 mm in 2001 decreasing to 62.1 mm in 2002 and to 51.7 mm in 2003. This decrease also occurred in the number of individuals of legal extraction size (90 mm), from 2.6 × 106 individuals in 2001 to 3.7 × 105 in 2003. Application of the growth parameters to the population structure in the bed showed recruitment of a new year-class of 6.5 × 106 individuals in 2002 and 11.2 × 106 in 2003. Subtraction of these numbers from the total numbers present in both years showed losses of about 8.4 × 106 individuals in 2002 and 7.0 × 106 in 2003. Based on the population growth parameters and supported by analysis of the catch curve using the Fisat program, these losses concerned the size range of scallops over 60 mm in length with a mortality Z = 2.15 in 2002 for individuals ranging from 67.5 to 115.5 mm in length and Z = 3.08 in 2003 for those ranging from 64.3 to 112.5 mm. The results suggest that the loss of scallops from these size ranges was due to human intervention (clandestine harvesting), also reported by wardens in the field. Illegal harvesting of this resource contravenes Chilean national legislation designed to conserve A. purpuratus and maintain its rational exploitation.
Effect of the regulation of freshwater inflow on the physical-chemical characteristics of water and on the aquatic macrofauna in the Guadalquivir estuary
Authors: Baldo F , Cuesta JA , Fernández-Delgado C , Drake P
Published: August 2017

From June 1998 to May 1999, the water temperature, salinity and turbidity, together with the macrofaunal (nekton and hyperbenthos) abundance, biomass and number of species, were estimated in the Guadalquivir estauary at five sampling stations (8, 20, 30, 40 and 50 km from the river mouth). Samples were taken from an anchored boat by using nets with a 1-mm mesh. There was a horizontal salinity gradient along the estuary: monthly mean salinities ranged from 17 to 27 at the outermost sampling station, whilst salinity was rarely higher than 4 in the inner estuary. Water temperature was homogenous throughout the estuary, with maximum values in summer (28ºC) and minimum values in winter (10ºC). Turbidity was also relatively homogenous throughout the estuary, with a maximum in winter (362 NTU) and a minimum in summer (10 NTU). Maximum turbidity occurred in the zone where seawater and freshwater merge. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that both the distance to the river mouth and the freshwater input (in the previous month) from the Alcalá del Río dam (110 km from the river mouth) explained 70% of the variance in salinity, but that the freshwater input only explained 17% of the variance respecin water temperature and turbidity. Salinity explained 50% of the variance in the number of species, whereas salinity and temperature were the environmental variables that controlled the macrofaunal abundance and biomass. Salinity and temperature together explained 75% and 71% of the variance for nekton abundance and biomass, respectively, and 54% and 48% of the variance for the abundance and biomass of hyperbenthos, respectively. Salinity was, in all cases, the individual variable that explained the highest portion of variance.
Geochemical potentiality of glauconitic shelf sediments for sequestering atmospheric CO2 of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Fernández-Bastero S , García T , Santos A , Gago-Dupont Luis
Published: August 2017

An experimental analysis was made of the glauconite dissolution rate as a function of pH. The results were used to model the geochemical evolution of glauconitic shelf sediments injected with CO2 and estimate the possibilities and limitations for sequestering CO2 in the form of minerals through carbonation reactions. The experimental results show how, under acidic conditions, glauconite is slightly more soluble than other silicates, producing more insoluble carbonated products. The dissolution mechanism is incongruent at very acidic pH values and tends to be congruent at intermediate and neutral values. The reactive surface decreases during the process as a result of the formation of an amorphous residue. Kinetic data were used to model the reactions of carbonation in marine sediments using reaction/speciation calculations. This study shows that, in the case of glauconite, the efficiency of CO2 sequestration depends primarily on two factors: the dissolution/speciation kinetics of CO2 in sediments and the kinetics of Fe2+ release. The greatest limitation for the implementation of this process is that pH evolves to more acidic values. The results suggest that, in the medium term, this process could be technically optimized by modifying the neutralization response of sediments through the injection of alkalinizing agents and by appropriately selecting the mode of injection as well as the composition of the sediments and of the most favourable diagenetic zones.
Colonization potential of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) in Comodoro Rivadavia Harbor (Chubut, Argentina)
Authors: Rico A , Lanas Paola , López-Gappa J
Published: August 2017

Temporal and spatial changes in the coverage of five Ulva L. species (U. prolifera O.F. Müller, U. intestinalis L., U. hookeriana (Kützing) Hayden et al., U. compressa L. and U. linza L.) were analyzed on rocky substrata experimentally immersed in Comodoro Rivadavia Harbor (Argentina). Colonization was studied during an annual period at three levels: upper intertidal, middle intertidal and subtidal. Coverage was significantly higher in the middle intertidal and subtidal levels than in the upper intertidal level, where all species of Ulva were absent. Seasonal changes were also significant: coverage in summer and spring was significantly higher than in autumn and winter. Most species showed high spatial variability among replicates from the same level and season. Zonation patterns within the harbor differed from those observed in natural areas, probably due to low wave exposure and its interaction with herbivory and desiccation stress. Colonization patterns observed in this study indicate nichesegregation in closely related species of the genus Ulva.
Youth Journeys in Mental Health: Invoking Unique Patient Perspectives
Authors: Tilleczek Kate C. , Bell Brandi L. , Munro Matthew A. , Gallant Sarah D.
Published: August 2017

We know much about the alarming trends in youth mental health; however, we know far less about the journeys that Canadian youth are taking toward better mental health. This article begins with a conceptual synthesis of the literature about the ways in which scholars are invoking the journeys of youth. We then present two examples of youth journeys in mental health from our current Atlantic Canada Children’s Effective Service Strategies in Mental Health project (ACCESS-MH) and conclude that journey approaches to youth mental health research could support the implementation of Canada’s mental health strategy in unique and crucial ways.
As Músicas da Cidade - Estudos de Casos sobre o Cenário Musical Juvenil na Periferia da Cidade de Salvador
Authors: Campos Israel
Published: August 2017

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as manifestações musicais juvenis periféricas da cidade de Salvador. Para tal, foram estudados os conceitos de cidade, periferia, música e juventude, assim como realizado um trabalho de campo com manifestações juvenis musicais do gênero samba, em quatro periferias distintas da cidade de Salvador, a partir da metodologia de estudo de caso. 
Relationship between the global electric circuit and electrified cloud parameters at diurnal, seasonal, and interannual timescales
Authors: Lavigne Thomas , Liu Chuntao , Deierling Wiebke , Mach Douglas
Published: August 2017

In the early 1900s, J. W. Whipple began to validate C. T. R. Wilson's global electric circuit (GEC) hypothesis by correlating the diurnal variation of global thunder days with the diurnal variation of the fair weather electric field measured by the Carnegie Cruise. This study applies 16+ years of precipitation feature (PF) data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, including lightning data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor, alongside 12 years of electric field measurements from Vostok, Antarctica, to further examine this relationship. Joint diurnal‐seasonal variations of the electric field are introduced and compared with a variety of PF parameters that are potentially related to the GEC. All tested PF parameters showed significant correlations to the electric field on the joint seasonal‐diurnal timescale, with the flash rate and volume of 30 dBZ between the −5°C and −35°C isotherms showing the best linear correlations with R2 values of 0.67 and 0.62, respectively. Furthermore, these relationships are analyzed during the two different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Results show different seasonal‐diurnal variations of the electric field during El Niño and La Niña periods, with enhancements in the electric field between the months of January through April at 16–24 UTC in La Niña years. A similar trend is shown in global PF parameters, indicating relationships between the variations seen in the fair weather electric field and the variations of global PFs at diurnal, seasonal, and interannual timescales. This provides further evidence that PFs around the globe have a direct connection to the GEC.
Variability and wind forcing of ocean temperature and thermal fronts in the Slope Water region of the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Peterson Ingrid , Greenan Blair , Gilbert Denis , Hebert Dave
Published: August 2017

Subsurface temperatures in the Slope Water region of the Northwest Atlantic from Argo profiling floats and on the adjacent continental shelf from ship‐based measurements are compared with the latitudinal position of the Shelf‐Slope Front (SSF) and the Gulf Stream North Wall (GSNW). The Slope Water and shelf temperature anomalies at 200 m depth are in agreement for the period, 2002–2015. For the period 1978–2015, shelf temperatures are significantly correlated with the SSF position, and to a lesser extent with the GSNW position. Annual SSF position anomalies near the Grand Banks at 50°W–55°W lead anomalies to the west at 65°W–75°W by 1–2 years. Wind stress curl is compared with the annual change in the SSF and GSNW latitudinal positions, rather than with the positions directly. Changes in the mean position of the SSF are related to the wind stress curl pattern in the mid‐Atlantic, with an 8 month lag. It is suggested that a wind pattern favoring a southward shift of the SSF is associated with a southward shift of the zero‐curl line near 40°W, resulting in an expanded subpolar gyre and enhanced flow of Labrador Current Water westward from the Tail of the Grand Banks. However, changes in the GSNW position are related to an NAO‐like wind stress curl pattern in the eastern Atlantic in the winter‐spring period, in agreement with other studies. High sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Maine and on the Scotian Shelf in recent years can be largely attributed to positive local onshore wind anomalies.
Coral record of variability in the upstream Kuroshio Current during 1953–2004
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Liu Yi , Hsin Yi‐Chia , Liu Weiguo , Shi Zhengguo , Chiang Hong‐Wei , Shen Chuan‐Chou
Published: August 2017

The Kuroshio Current (KC), one of the most important western boundary currents in the North Pacific Ocean, strongly affects regional hydroclimate in East Asia and upper ocean thermal structure. Limited by few on‐site observations, the responses of the KC to regional and remote climate forcings are still poorly understood. Here we use monthly coral δ18O data to reconstruct a KC transport record with annual to interannual resolution for the interval 1953–2004. The field site is located in southern Taiwan on the western flank of the upstream KC. Increased (reduced) KC transport would generate strong (weak) upwelling, resulting in relatively high (low) local coral δ18O. The upstream KC transport and downstream transport, off Tatsukushi Bay, Japan, covary on interannual and decadal time scales. This suggests common forcings, such as meridional drift of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation, or zonal climatic oscillations in the Pacific. The intensities of KC transport off southeastern and northeastern Taiwan are in phase before 1990 and antiphase after 1990. This difference may be due to a poleward shift of the subtropical western boundary current as a response to global warming.
Shore and bar cross‐shore migration, rotation, and breathing processes at an embayed beach
Authors: Blossier B. , Bryan K. R. , Daly C. J. , Winter C.
Published: August 2017

A principal component analysis (PCA) is used to decompose data on the coupled morphodynamics of the shoreline and nearshore sandbar of a typical single‐barred embayed beach (Tairua Beach, New Zealand). Dynamic patterns are classified into simultaneous modes, where the bar and shoreline move at the same time, and nonsimultaneous modes, where the shore moves independently from the bar, and vice versa. Two simultaneous modes accounting for 65% of the variance of the shoreline and barline dominate the system. One mode describes inverse shoreline and sandbar cross‐shore migrations (alongshore averaged), occurring with simultaneous rotations in the same direction. The other mode accounts for migration in the same direction accompanied by variations of the barline curvature (similar to “breathing modes” previously described in embayed beach shoreline modeling studies). Two nonsimultaneous modes of lesser importance account separately for independent shoreline and barline rotations (10 to 15% of the variance explained). A PCA applied to the shore and sandbar behaviors modeled by four standard equilibrium models simulating shore and sandbar cross‐shore migrations and rotations show that these are interrelated because of a correlation between wave energy and direction. Shore and bar rotations are coupled partially because the shape of the bay induces a correlation of their respective drivers, the wave angle of incidence and the alongshore gradient of wave energy. However, this correlation depends on the wave energy. This, in combination with different shore and sandbar response times (quantified using the models), also explains the independent rotations reflected by the nonsimultaneous modes.
Formation of ice eddies in subglacial mountain valleys
Authors: Meyer Colin R. , Creyts Timothy T.
Published: August 2017

Radar data from both Greenland and Antarctica show folds and other disruptions to the stratigraphy of the deep ice. The mechanisms by which stratigraphy deforms are related to the interplay between ice flow and topography. Here we show that when ice flows across valleys or overdeepenings, viscous overturnings called Moffatt eddies can develop. At the base of a subglacial valley, the shear on the valley sidewalls is transferred through the ice, forcing the ice to overturn. To understand the formation of these eddies, we numerically solve the non‐Newtonian Stokes equations with a Glen's law rheology to determine the critical valley angle for the eddies to form. When temperature is incorporated into the ice rheology, the warmer basal ice is less viscous and eddies form in larger valley angles (shallower slopes) than in isothermal ice. We also show that when ice flow is not perpendicular to the valley orientation, complex 3‐D eddies transport ice down the valley. We apply our simulations to the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and solve for the ice flow over radar‐determined topography. These simulations show Moffatt eddies on the order of 100 m tall in the deep subglacial valleys.
Effects of Feedback on Self‐Evaluations and Self‐Regulation in Elementary School
Authors: van Loon Mariëtte H. , Roebers Claudia M.
Published: August 2017

Elementary school learners are typically highly confident when judging accuracy of their test responses, relatively independent of whether these are correct. While feedback has been shown to improve accuracy of adults' and adolescents' self‐evaluations and subsequent self‐regulation, little is known about beneficial effects for elementary school children. We investigated effects of fine‐grained feedback on fourth and sixth graders' self‐evaluations and restudy selections by presenting them the ideas they were meant to bring up in their test responses. One group received full‐definition feedback standards, whereas the other group received idea‐unit feedback standards. The two types of feedback strongly improved fourth and sixth graders' self‐evaluations for commission errors and for partially correct responses. While restudy selections before feedback were more adaptive for sixth than fourth graders, age differences disappeared after receiving feedback. Findings imply that feedback standards are a suitable tool to calibrate elementary school learners and to support effective self‐regulation.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Features of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein eADF4(κ16)‐Made Materials are Well‐Suited for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Petzold Jana , Aigner Tamara B. , Touska Filip , Zimmermann Katharina , Scheibel Thomas , Engel Felix B.
Published: August 2017

Cardiovascular diseases causing high morbidity and mortality represent a major socioeconomic burden. The primary cause of impaired heart function is often the loss of cardiomyocytes. Thus, novel therapies aim at restoring the lost myocardial tissue. One promising approach is cardiac tissue engineering. Previously, it is shown that Antheraea mylitta silk protein fibroin is a suitable material for cardiac tissue engineering, however, its quality is difficult to control. To overcome this limitation, the interaction of primary rat heart cells with engineered Araneus diadematus fibroin 4 (κ16) (eADF4(κ16)) is investigated here, which is engineered based on the sequence of ADF4 by replacing the glutamic acid residue in the repetitive unit of its core domain with lysine. The data demonstrate that cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells attach well to eADF4(κ16) films on glass coverslips which provide an engineered surface with a polycationic character. Moreover, eADF4(κ16) films have, in contrast to fibronectin films, no hypertrophic effect but allow the induction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Finally, cardiomyocytes grown on eADF4(κ16) films respond to pro‐proliferative factors and exhibit proper cell‐to‐cell communication and electric coupling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that designed recombinant eADF4(κ16)‐based materials are promising materials for cardiac tissue engineering.
Field‐Induced n‐Doping of Black Phosphorus for CMOS Compatible 2D Logic Electronics with High Electron Mobility
Authors: Xu Yijun , Yuan Jian , Zhang Kai , Hou Yuan , Sun Qiu , Yao Yingming , Li Shaojuan , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Han , Zhang Yuegang
Published: August 2017

Black phosphorus (BP) has been considered as a promising two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductor beyond graphene owning to its tunable direct bandgap and high carrier mobility. However, the hole‐transport‐dominated characteristic limits the application of BP in versatile electronics. Here, we report a stable and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (COMS) compatible electron doping method for BP, which is realized with the strong field‐induced effect from the K+ center of the silicon nitride (SixNy). An obvious change from pristine p‐type BP to n type is observed after the deposit of the SixNy on the BP surface. This electron doping can be kept stable for over 1 month and capable of improving the electron mobility of BP towards as high as ~176 cm2 V–1 s–1. Moreover, high‐performance in‐plane BP p‐n diode and further logic inverter were realized by utilizing the n‐doping approach. The BP p‐n diode exhibits a high rectifying ratio of ~104. And, a successful transfer of the output voltage from “High” to “Low” with very few voltage loss at various working frequencies were also demonstrated with the constructed BP inverter. Our findings paves the way for the success of COMS compatible technique for BP‐based nanoelectronics.
6‐Mercaptopurine‐Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Monolayer MoS2 Nanodots: Applications to Glutathione Sensing, Cellular Imaging, and Glutathione‐Stimulated Drug Delivery
Authors: Chen Shih‐Chiang , Lin Chang‐Yu , Cheng Tian‐Lu , Tseng Wei‐Lung
Published: August 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanodots (NDs) with sulfur vacancies have been demonstrated to be suitable to conjugate thiolated molecules. However, thiol‐induced fluorescence quenching of MoS2 NDs has been rarely explored. In this study, 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) serves as an efficient quencher for the fluorescence of monolayer MoS2 (M‐MoS2) NDs. 6‐MP molecules are chemically adsorbed at the sulfur vacancy sites of the M‐MoS2 NDs. The formed complexes trigger the efficient fluorescence quenching of the M‐MoS2 NDs due to acceptor‐excited photoinduced electron transfer. The presence of glutathione (GSH) efficiently triggers the release of 6‐MP from the M‐MoS2 NDs, thereby switching on the fluorescence of the M‐MoS2 NDs. Thus, the 6‐MP‐M‐MoS2 NDs are implemented as a platform for the sensitive and selective detection of GSH in erythrocytes and live cells. Additionally, thiolated doxorubicin (DOX‐SH)‐loaded M‐MoS2 NDs (DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs) serve as GSH‐responsive nanocarriers for DOX‐SH delivery. In vitro studies reveal that the DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs exhibit efficient uptake by HeLa cells and greater cytotoxicity than free DOX‐SH and DOX. In vivo study shows that GSH is capable of triggering the release of DOX‐SH from M‐MoS2 ND‐based nanomaterials in mice. It is revealed that the DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs can be implemented for simultaneous drug delivery and fluorescence imaging.
A computer model for starve‐fed single‐screw extrusion of polymer blends
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof J. , Nastaj Andrzej , Wilczyński Krzysztof
Published: August 2017

A new computer model has been developed to simulate a starve‐fed single‐screw extrusion process of polymer blends. This is a composite model, which is based on combining melt conveying models with new fusion models for polymer blends. The model is able to predict pressure and temperature profiles, filling of the screw and rate of polyblend fusion. Computer calculations were executed for extrusion of high‐density polyethylene and polystyrene blend at various technological conditions, and fill factor, pressure, temperature, and fusion profiles were calculated. The results of simulation studies were verified by experiment.