bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KETERDAPATAN EMAS LETAKAN DAN IKUTANNYA DI PERAIRAN DELTA KAPUAS, PONTIANAK, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Kamiludin Udaya , Darlan Yudi
Published: October 2018

Perairan Delta Kapuas merupakan tempat yang baik bagi akumulasinya endapan letakan asal Sungai Kapuas. Permukaan dasar lautnya ditutupi oleh sedimen pasir, pasir lanauan, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Sedimen ini mengandung logam emas (Au) dan ikutannya, yaitu perak (Ag), tembaga (Cu), timbal (Pb), seng (Zn) dan timah (Sn). Kadar terendah yaitu emas berkisar 2 - 92 ppb dan tertinggi Sn < 10 - 320 ppm. Keterdapatan emas secara lateral relatif membesar ke arah bagian hulu dan secara vertikal membesar ke bagian bawah permukaan.
Keterdapatan emas dan ikutannya tersebut tidak satupun dijumpai pembawa mineral bijihnya. Namun secara kualitatif keterdapatan unsur-unsur logam ini sesuai dengan hasil analisis geokimia dari percontohan "stream sediment" dan "pan concentrate" di Sungai Delta Kapuas. Primernya diduga berkaitan dengan peristiwa Batuan Terobosan Sintang yang dijumpai secara setempat di sebelah timur daerah penelitian.

Delta Kapuas Waters are a good place for placer deposits accumulation originally from Kapuas River. The seafloor sediment surface are covered by sand, silty sand, sandy silt and silt. These sediments content of gold (Au) and its associate metal, such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and tin (Sn). The lowest content of gold is approximately between 2 - 92 ppb and the highest content of tin is approximately between < 10 - 320 ppm. Laterally, the occurrence of gold is relatively higher to the upstream part and vertically higher to the deeper part of the sediment.
The existence of gold (Au) and its associate metal as mentioned above could not be traced to its ore mineral. But qualitatively the existence of these metal elements are in accordance with the result of geochemical analysis of the stream sediments and concentrate pan samples in the Delta Kapuas river. Its primary source is anticipated relate to the Sintang intrusion event which occurred locally in eastern of research area.
SEISMIK STRATIGRAFI PERAIRAN LOMBOK LEMBAR PETA 1807, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Astawa Nyoman , Ilahude Delyuzar , Kusnida Dida
Published: October 2018

Hasil studi seismik stratigrafi di perairan Lombok Lembar Peta 1807 menghasilkan empat runtunan stratigrafi A, B, C, D dan intrusi batuan volkanik. Kontak antara runtunan A dengan runtunan B adalah kontak onlap yang terletak di bagian barat laut dan utara daerah telitian. Kontak antara kedua runtunan tersebut di atas dengan runtunan C dibatasi oleh suatu reflektor yang kuat dan menerus, serta sudah mengalami perlipatan seperti terlihat di bagian baratlaut daerah telitian, tepatnya di bagian atas Pulau Bali bagian timur. Pola gambaran pantulan runtunan ini adalah paralel, diduga runtunan ini tidak terpengaruh tektonik yang terjadi di daerah telitian.

Result of seismic stratigraphy study in Lombok Waters Map Sheet 1807 yielded four A, B, C, D and Volcanic rock intrusion. Contact between sequence A and sequence B is onlap, which is located in the northwestern and northerm part of the study area. Contact between both sequences mentioned above with sequence C is limited by strong continous reflector that have also underwent of fold like found in the northwestern part of the study area, precisely in eastern part of Bali. Internal reflector pattern of this sequence is parallel, which is guessed because this sequence this sequence does not influenced by tectonic activity in the study area.
KETIDAKSTABILAN PANTAI SEBAGAI KENDALA PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH PERUNTUKAN DI PERAIRAN LASEM JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Ilahude Delyuzar , Usman Ediar
Published: October 2018

Lokasi daerah studi secara geografis terletak di pesisir utara Pulau Jawa dan termasuk pantai terbuka terhadap pengaruh energi gelombang dari arah barat laut dan timur laut. Proses abrasi di sepanjang garis pantai Lasem khususnya di bagian timur laut relatif besar. Pasokan sedimen dari pesisir pantai bagian timur laut Lasem tersebut cenderung diendapkan di bagian tengah dan barat daya daerah penelitian.

Kata Kunci : abrasi, pasokan sedimen

The study area is geographically located on the northern coast of Jawa, which is an open beach influenced by wave action from the northwest and northeast direction. The abrasion process occurre relatively at the northeastern coastline of the the Lasem area. Sediment supply from the northeastern of Lasem tend to be deposited in the central and the southwestern part of the study area.

Key words : abrasion, sediment supplay
PROSES SEDIMENTASI SUNGAI KALIJAGA, DAN SUNGAI SUKALILA PERAIRAN CIREBON
Authors: Setiady Deny , Permana Asep
Published: October 2018

Berdasarkan hasil analisis besar butir sebanyak 36 percontoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut di Perairan Cirebon, didapatkan 4 jenis sedimen: lanau, lanau pasiran, pasir lanauan dan pasir. Sedimen lanau, lanau pasiran, dan pasir, tersebar di lepas pantai Cirebon dan muara Sungai Kalijaga, sedangkan pasir lanauan di muara sungai Sukalila.
Dari Peta Batimetri terlihat daerah dangkal di sekitar muara Sungai Kalijaga. Sedimen paling tebal terdapat di sekitar muara Sungai Kalijaga dan Sungai Sukalila. Sedimen tersebut tersebar ke arah lepas pantai dan ke daerah rencana lokasi pelabuhan.
Di muara Sungai Kalijaga sedimennya berupa pasir. Berdasarkan plot pada grafik antara ukuran besar butir terhadap persen frekuensi, didapatkan hasil sedimen dengan persen frekuensi yang tinggi antara 2.25 phi - 2.75 phi atau pasir sedang sampai pasir halus. Berdasarkan grafik frekuensi kumulatif terhadap besar butir terdapat 2 cara transpor yaitu traksi untuk butiran pasir sedang dan saltasi untuk kisaran butiran lanau sampai pasir halus.

Kata Kunci : S. Kalijaga, S. Sukalila, Cirebon, besar butir, sedimen

Based on grain size analysis of 36 seafloor surficial sediment samples from Cirebon Water; there are 4 types of sediments silt, sandy silt, silty sand and sand. Silt, sandy silt and sand are distributed offshore of Cirebon and in the river mouth of Kalijaga, while silty sand is in the river mouth of Sukalila.
From the bathymetric map the shallow water can be observed in Kalijaga river mouth. The thicker sediments are found in Kalijaga mouth and Sukalila river. These sediments have been transported to the offshore and to the proposed Harbour location.
Sediment in Kalijaga river mouth is sand. Based on graphic presentation between grain size and percent frequencies, it indicates that the percentage of higher frequencies ranges between 2.25 TO 2.75 phi.
Based on the cumulative frequency to grain size graphic, there are two transport modes: traction for medium size sand and saltation for grain size range silt to fine sand.

Keywords : Kalijaga River, Sukalila River, Cirebon, grain size, sediment
PROSES PERTUMBUHAN DELTA BARU SUNGAI CIMANUK HINGGA TAHUN 2002, DI PANTAI TIMUR KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Astjario Prijantono , Astawa Nyoman
Published: October 2018

Kawasan garis pantai timur kabupaten Indramayu ditutupi oleh endapan aluvium yang cukup luas. Proses sedimentasi pada garis pantai saat ini masih berlangsung, disebabkan oleh sungai Cimanuk yang bermuara di daerah ini. Sungai tersebut membawa material sedimen dalam jumlah besar. Sedimen ini tersebar di L. Jawa dan diendapkan kembali di garis pantai, yang mengakibatkan pantai timur Indramayu mengalami akrasi dan membentuk delta.
Tahun 1947 aliran sungai Cimanuk mengalami perubahan, salah satu bagian aliran sungai mengalir ke arah utara-timur, jalan terdekat menuju garis pantai membentuk delta baru dengan tipe telapak kaki burung (birdfoot-type delta). Kandungan lumpur sungai Cimanuk dapat mencapai rata-rata 53,6 juta ton/tahun, akibatnya kawasan muara sungai Cimanuk mengalami pendangkalan (akresi) yang sangat cepat dan luas. Proses pendangkalan ini dapat dipantau dari perubahan garis pantai sejak tahun 1947 hingga 2002 melalui penginderaan jauh citra satelit.

Kata kunci : sedimentasi, garis pantai, akresi, delta dan lumpur.

The east coast of the Indramayu District is covered by a widely spread alluvial deposit. The sedimentation process is still continuing caused by the drainage of the Cimanuk River flowing to the east coast. This river carries away a huge number of the sediment materials. This material, being widely distributed in Jawa sea water and are redeposited on the coastal zone, causing the east coast of Indramayu accreting and forming delta.
In 1947 the drainage of the Cimanuk River has changed, one of the tributary is running away to the north-east direction, which is the shortest way to the coastline, and forming a new birdfoot type delta. The mud material of the Cimanuk River can reach approximately 53.6 million ton/year, consequently, the mouth of the Cimanuk River has rapidly and widely shallowed. The accretion processes can be monitored by the changed of the coastline from 1947 to 2002 by using satellite imagery.

Key words : sedimentation, coastline, acresion, delta and mud.
GUNUNGAPI DAN KEGIATAN HIDROTERMAL BAWAHLAUT DI PERAIRAN SULAWESI UTARA: MINERALISASI DAN IMPLIKASI TEKTONIK
Authors: Permana Haryadi , M. Pirlo
Published: October 2018

Ekspedisi kelautan IASSHA (Indonesia Australia Survey for Submarine Hydrothermal Activity) 2003 di kawasan perairan kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi utara telah mengidentifikasi Kawio Barat sebagai gunungapi bawahlaut dan indikasi kegiatan hidrotermal bawahlaut antara lain di Roa, Naung dan Banua Wuhu.
Kegiatan gunungapi Kawio Barat dicirikan oleh anomali transmisi cahaya akibat adanya influk fluida (plume) pada airlaut dan tingginya kandungan gas metan dalam airlaut yang berhubungan dengan tingginya kandungan mangan. Kamera bawahlaut merekam koloni dari polychaete (â€œtube wormsâ€) yang tumbuh pada batuan dimana gas metan muncul. Gejala mineralisasi pada batuan dicirikan adanya diseminasi pirit dan markasit pada batuan.
Indikasi hidrotermal gunung Roa dicirikan adanya tingginya kandungan gas metan dalam airlaut sekitar puncak bukit sedangkan gejala aktivitas hidrotermal gunungapi Naung teridentifikasi berdasarkan tingginya kandungan gas metan dalam airlaut. Batuan penutup perbukitan Naung berupa andesit, batuapung dan breksi andesit.
Perbukitan bawahlaut Banua Wuhu kemungkinan sebagai kawah parasit bawahlaut, terletak dilereng barat pulau gunung tidak aktif Mahengetang. Aktivitasnya ditunjukan oleh anomali lemah kekeruhan airlaut. Mineral ubahan berupa lempung, karbonat, klorit dan opak. Batuan terubah mengandung mineral halus pirit dan noda-noda kalkopirit.

Kata Kunci: Gunungapi bawahlaut; hidrotermal, transmisi cahaya, influk fluida, gas metan, mangan, koloni dari polychaete, diseminasi pirit dan markasit, kawah parasit.

The 2003 IASSHA (Indonesia Australia Survey for Submarine Hydrothermal Activity) expedition at Sangihe islands waters, North Sulawesi has identified the submarine volcano of Kawio Barat and also observed hydrothermal activities at Roa, Naung and Banua Wuhu.
The activity of Kawio Barat volcano is characterized by light transmission anomaly with correlated to fluids influx (plume) and higher methane gas in sea waters correlates to higher manganese content. A submarine camera grab recorded a polychaete (â€œtube wormsâ€) colony that growth on the rock where a methane gas seep. The pyrite disemination and marcasite indicates rocks mineralization.
The Roa and Naung hydrothermal activities indicated by higher content of methane gas in sea water. The Naung volcano is covered by andesite, pumice and andesite breccia.
The Banua Wuhu hill is possibly as a parasitic cone of active Mahengetang volcano. The weak anomaly transmissometer of sea water indicates a hydrothermal activity. The alteration mineral are clay, carbonate, chlorite and opaq mineral with fine mineral of pyrite and chalcopyrite.

Keywords: Submarine volcano, hydrothermal, light transmission, fluids influx, methane gas, manganese, polychaete colony, pyrite dissemination and marcasite, parasitic cone.
KONTRIBUSI PENTARIKHAN RADIOKARBON PERCONTOH TERUMBU KARANG PADA BATUGAMPING DI PANTAI SELATAN KABUPATEN WONOGIRI, JAWA TENGAH, TERHADAP NEOTEKTONIK KUARTER
Authors: Astjario Prijantono , Siregar D.A.
Published: October 2018

Wilayah pantai Ngungap, kawasan pesisir selatan Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah merupakan daerah jalur anjak dimana terumbu karang Kuarter tersingkap dari garis pantai hingga pebukitan tinggi. Enam undak laut terbentuk sejajar dengan garis pantai hingga mencapai ketinggian lebih dari 300 meter di atas muka laut.
Hasil pentarikhan Radiokarbon tiga fosil terumbu karang dari undak laut termuda yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap perhitungan proses pengangkatan kawasan pantai Ngungap. Undak laut termuda menunjukan bahwa rata-rata aktivitas tektonik pengangkatan diwilayah pantai Ngungap, kawasan pesisir selatan Wonogiri adalah 5 mm/tahun. Pengangkatan rata-rata pesisir selatan Wonogiri jauh berbeda dengan kecepatan kawasan pantai-pantai tektonik aktif lainnya di Indonesia.

Kata kunci : anjak, terumbu karang, undak laut, pentarikhan, pantai Ngungap Jawa Tengah

The Ngungap coast of the southern coastal zone of Wonogiri, Central Jawa, situated in the central portion of the arcuate thrustbelt where Quaternary reefs show maximal elevation from coastline up to high hinterland. Six terraces have been formed parallel to the coast line and extensively exposed up to more than 300 meters above mean sea level.
Three Radiocarbon dating of coral reef derived from the lowest terraces can be contributed to the uplift calculation in the Ngungap area. The lowest terrace alows uplifting tectonic activity in the coast of Ngungap in the order of 5 mm/years. The uplift rate of southern coast of Wonogiri is different to the rate of active tectonic coastal areas in the eastern Indonesian region.

Keywords: thrustbelt, reef, terrace, dating, Ngungap coast of Central Java
KANDUNGAN EMAS LEBIH TINGGI DALAM SEDIMEN FRAKSI KASAR DARIPADA FRAKSI HALUS DI PERAIRAN BAYAH - PROPINSI BANTEN AKIBAT KONDISI PENGENDAPAN TERBUKA SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Kurnio Hananto , Purwanto Catur
Published: October 2018

Emas letakan dasar laut maupun pantai Perairan Bayah terdapat dalam pasir, pasir sedikit kerikilan, pasir kerikilan, pasir lumpuran, lumpur pasiran, pasir lumpuran sedikit kerikilan dan lumpur pasiran sedikit kerikilan. Akibat lingkungan pengendapan terbuka Samudera Hindia; sedimen fraksi kasar pasir, pasir sedikit kerikilan dan pasir kerikilan cenderung berkadar Au lebih tinggi daripada sedimen fraksi halus di daerah ini.
Berdasarkan pendekatan diagram Total Alkali Silika, batuan beku asal emas sekunder adalah dasit bagian dari Granodiorit Cihara sekitar 10 kilometer sebelah barat Bayah. Kemudian karena densitas emas yang besar (19,3), logam mulia ini cenderung terakumulasi di sedimen bawah permukaan daripada permukaan terutama di daerah pantai.
Arus sejajar pantai dari barat yang melalui kompleks batuan beku Granodiorit Cihara kemungkinan membawa emas ke timur serta terjebak oleh morfologi teluk yang dibatasi tanjung Ujung Karangtaraje di sekitar muara Sungai Madur. Emas kadar tinggi banyak terdapat disini.

Kata kunci : emas letakan, karakteristik sedimen, dasar laut, pantai Bayah

Gold placer of seabottom and coastal zone of Bayah Waters occurred in sand, slightly gravelly sand, gravelly sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, slightly gravelly muddy sand and slightly gravelly sandy mud. Due to open Indian Ocean deposition environment; coarse sediments of sand, slightly gravelly sand and gravelly sand tend to have higher Au contents than fine sediments.
Based on Total Alkali Silica diagram, igneous rock as the source of secondary gold is dacite which belongs to Granodiorite Cihara approximately 10 kilometers west of Bayah. Furthermore, due to its high density (19,3) gold tends to accumulate in subsurface sediments than surficial deposits especially in the coastal area.
Longshore current from the west passing through igneous rock complex Granodiorite Cihara possibly brought along gold to the east which is trapped by bay morphology formed by Ujung Karangtaraje headland located surround Madur River mouth. High content gold was much accumulated in this area.

Key words : gold placer, sediment characteristics, seabottom, Bayah coast
KARAKTERISTIK ENDAPAN SEDIMEN PANTAI TERHADAP PENGARUH LIQUIFAKSI DI KAWASAN PESISIR PANGANDARAN DAN SEKITARNYA, KABUPATEN CIAMIS, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Budiono Kris , Raharjo Purnomo
Published: October 2018

Liquifaksi adalah salah satu bencana geologi yang berhubungan dengan kegempaan, dimana tekanan pori dalam tanah atau sedimen mengalami peningkatan akibat getaran, sehingga mengakibatkan aliran air ke arah permukaan tanah. Liquifaksi umumnya terjadi pada dataran rendah termasuk kawasan pesisir.
Daerah penelitian yang terletak di sekitar pantai Pangandaran dan Parigi terdiri dari endapan lempung, lanau, pasir dan kerikil yang bersifat lepas dan jenuh air, secara regional sering dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan gempa antara 5,5 â€“ 6 skala Richter dengan percepatan tanah antara 150 â€“ 200 mgal. Kondisi seperti ini apabila terjadi gempa sangat memungkinkan untuk terjadi liquifaksi.
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan secara kuantitatif nisbah pori kritis, tidak semua lokasi penelitian akan mengalami liquifaksi pada percepatan permukaan 150 â€“ 200 mgal. Berdasarkan nilai tumbukan SPT yang dipakai untuk analisis â€œsimplified procedureâ€, daerah penelitian secara umum relatif kecil terhadap bahaya liquifaksi.
Namun demikian berdasarkan korelasi antara sifat mekanik tanah dengan nilai SPT, pada kedalaman 0 â€“ 8 m terdapat lapisan sedimen yang cukup rentan terhadap liquifaksi.

Kata kunci: Liquifaksi,sedimen pantai,Pangandaran

Liquefaction is one of many geological hazards related to an earthquake, where the void ratio pressure in soil or sediment will increase due to the vibration, that causing water flow up to the ground surface. Generally liquefaction is occurred in the low lying areas including coastal zone.
The survey area located in the Pangandaran and Parigi coasts, is consisted of clay, silt, sand and gravel, of loose and saturated properties, generally is frequently influenced by 5,5 â€“ 6 Richter scale of earthquake strength with the ground acceleration between 150 â€“ 200 mgal. The liquefaction will be occurred in this condition if there is an earthquake.
Based on the quantitatively calculation of critical void ratio, the liquefaction at ground acceleration of 150 â€“ 200 mgal will not be occurred at all of the survey area. Based on the number of blows of SPT which is used for simplified procedure analysis, it shows that the study area is less influenced by the liquefaction.
Nevertheless , based on the correlation between soil mechanic properties and SPT value, there is potential liquefiable sediments layer between the depth of 0 â€“ 8 meters.

Key words: liquefaction, coastal sediment, Pangandaran
ZONA SESAR DI PERAIRAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN (LP 1611)
Authors: Arifin Lukman , Lugra Wayan
Published: October 2018

Penafsiran data rekaman seismik pantul dangkal daerah telitian memperlihatkan adanya struktur dangkal berupa sesar-sesar yang berarah timurlaut-baratdaya. Zona sesar tersebut terletak pada Zona Tektonik Muria-Meratus. Jika zona sesar ini dianggap aktif, maka perlu diperhatikan terutama untuk kontruksi lepas pantai.

Kata kunci: struktur dangkal, zona sesar, Muria-Meratus

Shallow seismic data interpretation indicate several fault structures in the study area. The direction of these faults is NE-SW and coincide with the Muria-Meratus Tectonic Zone. If this fault zone is assumed to be potentially active, then it need the attention especially for marine construction.

Key word: shallow structure, fault zone, Muria-Meratus
PENDEKATAN SECARA EMPIRIK TERHADAP GEJALA PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DAERAH INDRAMAYU DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Ilahude Delyuzar , Usman Ediar
Published: October 2018

Lokasi daerah studi Indramayu secara geografis terletak di pesisir utara Pulau Jawa dan termasuk pantai terbuka terhadap pengaruh energi gelombang dari arah barat laut, utara dan timur laut.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis perubahan garis pantai dari analisis parameter oseanografi yang dibangkitkan oleh komponen angin permukaan. Pendekatan secara empirik terhadap perubahan garis pantai dari parameter oseanografi, menunjukkan telah terjadi proses erosi dan sedimentasi di pantai Indramayu dan sekitarnya. Daerah abrasi meliputi kawasan bagian tenggara dan barat laut pantai Indramayu. Pergerakan arus sepanjang pantainya disertai oleh pengendapan sedimen (Q) berarah barat laut. Nilai Q pada zona Z-3 lebih besar dari pada di zona Z-1 dan Z-2 dengan jumlah nisbi pasokan sedimen cenderung bergerak ke arah barat laut.
Daerah pesisir kawasan Delta Cimanuk diperkirakan akan menjadi zona akumulasi sedimen sepanjang tahun. Sementara proses erosi di bagian tenggara Indramayu tetap berkembang dan berlangsung secara musiman.

Kata kunci : Erosi , Indramayu, pasokan sedimen

The study area Indramayu, is geographically located at the northern coast of Jawa, which is an open beach that influenced by wave action from the northwest, north and northeast directions.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the shift of the shore line based on oceanographic parametric analysis made by surface wind component. An empiric approach to the coastal line change conduct oceanographic parameters shows that erosion and sedimentation have occured along the coastal area of Indramayu and its surounding. The eroded area encompasses the northeastern and northwestern coasts of Indramayu. Its longshore current is follow by sediment (Q) supplies that tend to be deposited in the northwest area. The value of Q in the Z-3 zone is larger than Z-1 and Z-2 zones, as relative amount of sediment supplies tend to move northwest.
The coastal area of Delta Cimanuk is estimated to be zone of sediment accumulation along the year, while the erosion process in southeast part of Indramayu spreads and occurs seasonally.

Keywords : Erosion, Indramayu, sediment supply
JENIS DAN KANDUNGAN MINERAL DALAM SEDIMEN LEPAS PANTAI DI PERAIRAN KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA PROPINSI NANGROE ACEH DARUSALAM
Authors: Setiady Deny , Sianipar Andy Hermanto
Published: October 2018

Berdasarkan hasil analisis besar butir sebanyak 127 percontoh sedimen permukaan dasar laut di perairan Kabupaten Aceh Utara, didapatkan 5 jenis sedimen: pasir, pasir lanauan, lanau, lanau pasiran, dan pasir biogenik.
Analisis mikrokospis percontoh tersebut telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis kandungan mineral yang terdapat di dalam sedimen. Hasil analisis mineral ini di daerah penelitian terdiri dari: kuarsa, magnetit, amfhibole, oksida besi, ilmenit, piroksen, zirkon, pirit, epidot, dan biotit
Di daerah telitian, kuarsa ditemukan pada 127 contoh yang dianalisis, dengan kandungan yang bervariasi dari 28,31% hingga 99%,. Kehadiran kuarsa, magnetit, ilmenit, amphibole dan piroksen, di daerah selidikan menunjukkan bahwa batuan asalnya diduga batuan granitan.

Kata kunci: kuarsa, Aceh Utara, analisis mineral, granit

Based on grain size analyses of, 127 samples taken from seafloor surficial sediment consist of five kind sediments. They are sand, silty sand, silt, sandy silt, and biogenic sand. Microscopically analyzed of these samples were carried out in order to descrif mineral compositio.
The results of mineral analysis are quartz, magnetite, amphibole, iron oxyde, ilmenite, pyroxene, zircon,pyrite, epidote, and biotite Quartz has been found in 127 samples with variation from 28,31% to 99%. The existense quartz, magnetite, amphibole, ilmenite, pyroxene minerals in study area show that the source of the sediment is probably granitio rocks.

Keywords: quartz, North Aceh, mineral analysis, granit
STUDI POTENSI MIGAS DENGAN METODE GAYABERAT DI LEPAS PANTAI UTARA JAKARTA
Authors: Panjaitan Saultan , Astawa Nyoman
Published: October 2018

Anomali Bouguer dapat dibagi kedalam dua kelompok yaitu: Anomali gayaberat rendah terbentuk pada kisaran nilai 15 mGal hingga -40 mGal sebagai rendahan sinklin. Anomali gayaberat tinggi terbentuk pada kisaran nilai 40 mGal hingga 60 mGal sebagai tinggian antiklin. Formasi batuan dari atas hingga bawah sebagai berikut: Formasi Cisubuh rapat massa batuan 2.5 gr/cmÂ³ ketebalan pada penampang Â±1400 meter. Formasi Parigi rapat massa batuan 2.7 gr/cmÂ³ ketebalan Â± 400 meter. Formasi Cibulakan rapat massa batuan 2.6 gr/cmÂ³ ketebalan Â± 1600 meter. Formasi Jatibarang rapat massa 2.8 gr/cmÂ³ ketebalan Â± 1000 meter. Batuan reservoir didominasi lensa-lensa batupasir Formasi Cibulakan Atas, Cibulakan Bawah serta batugamping Formasi Parigi dan batupasir Formasi Talangakar. Batuan induk migas adalah serpih lakustrin halus Anggota Cibulakan Bawah (Formasi Talang Akar). Tinggian batuan reservoir pada anomali sisa antara 0 mGal hingga 16 mGal dan kedalaman pada penampang Â± 1500 meter dengan rapat massa batuan 2.7 gr/cmÂ³ Sesar normal terbentuk arah Utara-Selatan dan sesar naik arah Timur-Barat dikontrol oleh pematahan bongkah pada batuan alas metamorf dengan rapat massa 3.0 gr/cmÂ³.

Kata kunci: gayaberat, antiklin, anomali sisa, lepas pantai.

Bouguer anomaly can be grouped into two parts: Low Gravity anomaly formed at 15 mGal to 40 mGal as syncline lower. High gravity anomaly formed at 40 mGal to 60 mGal as anticline high. Rock formation from the top to the bottom as follows: Cisubuh Formation rock of density with 2.5 gr / cmÂ³ thickness at section of Â± 1400 metre. Parigi Formation rock density of 2.7 gr / cmÂ³ thicknees Â± 400 metre. Cibulakan Formation density with 2.6 gr / cmÂ³ thickness Â± 1600 metre. Jatibarang Formation with density 2.8 gr / cmÂ³ of thickness Â± 1000 metre. Reservoir rock is dominated by lens of sandstone upper Cibulakan Formation, Lower Cibulakan and also Parigi Formation limestone and Talangakar Formation sandstone. Sourced rock of oil and gas from shales lacustrine of Cibulakan Lower or Talang Akar Formation. High Rocks reservoir at recidual anomaly range from 0 mGal to 16 mGal at section deepness Â± 1500 metre with density of 2.7 gr / cmÂ³, formed by normal fault of Northern-Southern direction and reverse fault Eastern-Western direction controlled by block faulting metamorphics bedrock with density of 3.0 gr / cmÂ³.

Keywords: gravity, anticline, recidual anomaly, offshore.
PENELITIAN POTENSI ENERGI ARUS LAUT SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DI PERAIRAN TOYAPAKEH NUSA PENIDA BALI
Authors: Yuningsih Ai , Masduki Ahmad
Published: October 2018

Metode penelitian potensi energi arus yang diterapkan adalah pengukuran arus, pengamatan pasang surut, pengamatan parameter meteorologi dan kondisi morfologi pesisir dan dasar laut daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penempatan turbin arus laut cukup memenuhi syarat dengan morfologi relatif landai pada kedalaman Â± 20 meter dan dekat dari pemukiman penduduk. Kecepatan arus rata-rata di perairan Toyapakeh mencapai kecepatan 2,5 â€“ 3,0 m/detik dengan durasi 9 â€“ 18 jam/hari untuk kecepatan diatas 0,5 m/detik. Dengan demikian, perairan di Toyapakeh merupakan lokasi yang cukup potensial untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi baru terbarukan, khususnya pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut (PLTAL).

Kata Kunci : energi arus laut, turbin arus laut, energi baru terbarukan, Selat Toyapakeh

The methods of current energy potential study are current measurements, tidal and meteorological parameter observations, condition of coastal morphology and seafloor of the study area. The results show that, the location for turbine position is in area with relatively gentle slope morphology at a 20 meters water depth and it is close to local community. Based on the analysis of flow water conditions at Toyapakeh Strait, the average current velocity is about 2,5m/s to 3,0 m/s and within 24 hours, the flow velocity is greater than 0.5 m/s occurs for approximately 9 to 18 hours. Therefore, the results of the ocean current energy analysis indicate that the study area is very potential for using reneawable energy resource as a power plant location.

Keywords: ocean currents energy, Sea Current Turbin, renewable energy, Toyapakeh Strait.
Development and Application Based on MTS Hybrid Test System
Authors: Cai Xinjiang , Tian Shizhu
Published: October 2018

It is meaningful to further explore the hardware and software functions of MTS loading system widely used in building structure test at home and abroad. This paper proposes a kind of seismic pseudo-dynamic test method based on internal command control of software. Three programs including monitor station, sincycle test and rampcontrol test were developed by VB, and the connection with NetSLab platform was completed via master-slaver network, then the test system was established. A single degree of freedom hybrid test of single span bridge was carried out, and a short column of CFRP reinforced was used to be an experimental element. Secondary load for the partial damaged model was implemented to research the mechanics performance of the specimen. The result confirms that the established system is capable of conducting the pseudo-dynamic hybrid test. The hybrid test demonstrates that the proposed internal command control method is feasible and effective, which can provide reference for the system development and seismic research.
Development of Small-scale Two-stage Photovoltaic-photothermal Humidification-dehumidification Desalination System
Authors: Zhang Junquan , Yang Ke , Peng Changsheng
Published: October 2018

Air bubble has been proved that it can increase evaporation area and coefficient of mass transfer and heat transfer. Two-stage evaporation system can indirectly increase the contact area of water and vapor, reduce the volume of single evaporation system, and can also combine the multiple systems flexibly. So a new type of small scale two-stage photovoltaic-photothermal humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination system is designed, and the relationship between solar radiation and temperature is measured, and the water production capability of the system is investigated. The effect of water temperature, ambient temperature, air flow rate and air temperature on desalination performance is also investigated. The results showed that the rate of water production is positively correlated with sea water temperature, ambient temperature, gas flow rate and air temperature. And the gas temperature is positively correlated with the solar radiation intensity. When the ambient temperature is higher than 25 ?, the cumulative amount of irradiation is 22.3 MJ/m2, the cumulative water production is 19.2 L/d, and 6.4 L/( m2?d), the thermal efficiency is 0.66. The cost of water produced through the designed HDH system is 0.08 $/L.
RETRACTED: Icariin Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance Through Reducing Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) and Suppressing ER Stress in C2C12 Myotubes
Authors: Li Mingxin , Zhang Yemin , Cao Yingkang , Zhang Deling , Liu Le , Guo Yanghongyun , Wang Changhua
Published: October 2018

Both thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Icariin has been found to mimic insulin action in normal skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and display anti-diabetic properties in diet-induced obese mice. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be well-established. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the protective effects of icariin on free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance were attributed to its regulation on TXNIP protein levels and ER stress in skeletal muscle cells. We found that TXNIP mediated the saturated fatty acid palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Icariin treatment significantly restored PA-reduced proteasome activity resulting in reduction of TXNIP protein and suppression of ER stress, as well as improvement of insulin sensitivity. Proteasome inhibition by its specific inhibitor MG132 obviously abolished the inhibitory effect of icariin on PA-induced insulin resistance. In addition, MG132 supplementation markedly abrogated the impacts of icariin on ER stress and TXNIP-mediated downstream events such as inflammation and STAT3 phosphorylation. These results clearly indicate that icariin improves PA-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance through a proteasome-dependent mechanism, by which icariin downregulats TXNIP levels and inhibits ER stress.
Online Uniformly Inserting Points on the Sphere
Authors: Zhou Rong , Chen Chun , Sun Liqun , Lau Francis C. M. , Poon Sheung-Hung , Zhang Yong
Published: October 2018

Uniformly inserting points on the sphere has been found useful in many scientific and engineering fields. Different from the offline version where the number of points is known in advance, we consider the online version of this problem. The requests for point insertion arrive one by one and the target is to insert points as uniformly as possible. To measure the uniformity we use gap ratio which is defined as the ratio of the maximal gap to the minimal gap of two arbitrary inserted points. We propose a two-phase online insertion strategy with gap ratio of at most 3.69 . Moreover, the lower bound of the gap ratio is proved to be at least 1.78 .
Screening of EMS-Induced Drought-Tolerant Sugarcane Mutants Employing Physiological, Molecular and Enzymatic Approaches
Authors: Khalil Farghama , Naiyan Xiao , Tayyab Muhammad , Pinghua Chen
Published: October 2018

Drought stress is one of the major agronomic concerns that lead towards a sharp decline in sugarcane yield. An urgent demand to overcome drought is critical to ensure sugarcane production. Mutation breeding is one of the promising tools available to produce stress-resistant plants, with the induction of new alleles due to point mutation within existing sugarcane germplasm. The current study was directed to chemically mutagenize the calli of two sugarcane cultivars (ROC22 and FN39) via 0.1% EMS, with focus on inducing mutations in their genome. The 1644 regenerated plants of ROC22 and 1398 of FN39 were exposed to 28% PEG-6000 stimulated osmotic stress. Eighteen plants of ROC22 and 2 plants of FN39, that survived after in vitro osmotic stress treatment, were then subjected to preliminary greenhouse pot trials to confirm drought tolerance by analyzing them using various physiological parameters, including photosystem II (PSII) photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), leaf chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate. The genetic diversity among drought-resistant mutant lines was further assessed by 15 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers amplification and CEL (Celery) I endonuclease digestion, to investigate the mutated sites. Mutant lines of ROC22 (i.e., MR22-15 and MR22-20) were found to be promising for future drought resistance breeding, due to better physiological adaptation under drought stress.
Scalable Dynamic Multi-Agent Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus in Permissioned Blockchain
Authors: Feng Libo , Zhang Hui , Chen Yong , Lou Liqi
Published: October 2018

The permissioned blockchain system has recently become popular in a wide range of scenarios, such as artificial intelligence, financial applications and the Internet of things, due to its dominance in terms of distribution, decentralization, reliability and security. However, the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) algorithm, which is currently adopted in such systems, sparks communication bottlenecks when the number of consensus nodes increases sharply, which seriously hinders large-scale applications. In this paper, we propose a scalable dynamic multi-agent hierarchical PBFT algorithm (SDMA-PBFT), which reduces the communication costs from O(n2) to O( n × k × log k n ). Specifically, SDMA-PBFT forms multiple autonomous systems at each agent node in which message multicasting can be efficiently carried out and the internal voting results can be effectively collected. Therefore, the design of these agent nodes facilitates the in-and-out operations of consensus nodes in the blockchain system. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm substantially outperforms the PBFT algorithm in terms of latency. Hence, it can be applied to the permissioned blockchain system effectively and efficiently.
Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles by Acacia nilotica Pods Extract and Its Catalytic, Adsorption, and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Da’na Enshirah , Taha Amel , Afkar Eman
Published: October 2018

Iron nanoparticles (FeNP) were synthesized using Acacia nilotica seedless pods extract. The synthesized FeNP were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV/Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern confirmed the synthesis of crystalline phase of α-Fe2O3. EDS spectroscopy showed the presence of elemental iron and oxygen, indicating that the nanoparticles are essentially present in oxide form. UV absorption in the range of 450–550 nm confirmed the formation of FeNP. DLS indicated an average FeNP particle size of 229 nm. The synthesized FeNP was tested for adsorption and oxidation degradation of methyl orange (MO) under different conditions and found to be effective in both degradation and adsorption processes. Furthermore, the synthesized FeNP has the potential to terminate the pathogenicity of several human opportunistic pathogens; belongs to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and one species of Candida as well.
Structurization, Phase Rule Diagram, Relaxation Processes and Radio-Absorbing Properties of Solid Solutions Based on a Binary System BaNb2O6-SrNb2O6
Authors: Abubakarov A.G. , Pavlenko A.V. , Shilkina L.A. , Turik A.V. , Verbenko I.A. , Reznichenko L.A. , Andryushin K.P. , Andryushina I.N. , Sadykov H.A. , Parinov I.A. , Chang Shun-Hsyung , Wang Hung-Yu
Published: October 2018

The investigation results of the processes of phase formation in barium niobate, strontium, and their solid solutions in the conditions of the variability of the thermodynamic background are presented. The formation of a grain landscape and dielectric properties (including relaxation phenomena) in the solid solutions of strontium niobate and their solid solutions and the establishment of regularities in the formation of radio-absorbing properties in them are studied.
Effect of Plasma Exposure Time on the Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh-Cut Apples
Authors: Tappi Silvia , Ramazzina Ileana , Rizzi Federica , Sacchetti Giampiero , Ragni Luigi , Rocculi Pietro
Published: October 2018

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown good potentiality for the decontamination and stabilization of fresh fruit and vegetable products; however, information about its effect on nutritional quality is still scarce. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of a form of indirect treatment known as Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) on apple slices—more specifically, the polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut Pink Lady apples. Atmospheric plasma was generated using air as feed gas, and directed to apple slices for up to 30 min. The effect of plasma treatment on physico-chemical parameters was mainly observed as a slight acidification of the tissue and reduction of browning after an extended period of exposure. The samples’ phenolic profile was significantly affected after 10 min of treatment, both in quantitative (an approximately 20% increase) and qualitative terms, while with increasing exposure time a progressive decrease of all polyphenol classes was observed. The antioxidant activity, evaluated by different in-vitro methods, followed a similar trend, increasing after 10 min of processing and then decreasing. Results highlighted how plasma exposure promotes a metabolic response of the fresh tissue, and the importance of carefully controlling the exposure time in order to minimize the loss of nutritional properties.
Aptamer Functionalized DNA Hydrogel for Wise-Stage Controlled Protein Release
Authors: Liu Chen , Han Jialun , Pei Yuxuan , Du Jie
Published: October 2018

With the simple functionalization method and good biocompatibility, an aptamer-integrated DNA hydrogel is used as the protein delivery system with an adjustable release rate and time by using complementary sequences (CSs) as the biomolecular trigger. The aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel was prepared via a one-pot self-assembly process from two kinds of DNA building blocks (X-shaped and L-shaped DNA units) and a single-stranded aptamer. The gelling process was achieved under physiological conditions within one minute. In the absence of the triggering CSs, the aptamer grafted in the hydrogel exhibited a stable state for protein-specific capture. While hybridizing with the triggering CSs, the aptamer is turned into a double-stranded structure, resulting in the fast dissociation of protein with a wise-stage controlled release program. Further, the DNA hydrogel with excellent cytocompatibility has been successfully applied to human serum, forming a complex matrix. The whole process of protein capture and release were biocompatible and could not refer to any adverse factor of the protein or cells. Thus, the aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel will be a good candidate for controlled protein delivery.
Microencapsulation of a Model Oil in Wall System Consisting of Wheat Proteins Isolate (WHPI) and Lactose
Authors: Rosenberg Moshe , Rosenberg Yael , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2018

Microencapsulation allows for the entrapment, protection, and delivery of sensitive and/or active desired nutrients and ingredients as well as biologically-active agents. The microencapsulating properties of wall solutions (WS) containing 2.5–10% (w/w) wheat proteins isolate (WHPI) and 17.5–10% (w/w) lactose were investigated. Core-in-wall-emulsions (CIWEs) consisting of the WS and soy oil were prepared at a wall-to-core (W:C) ratio ranging from 25:75 to 75:25 (w/w). Microcapsules were prepared by spray-drying the CIWEs. The CIWEs had a mean particle diameter smaller than 0.5 µm and surface excess that ranged from 1.59 to 5.32 mg/m2. In all cases, microcapsules with smooth outer surfaces that exhibited only limited surface indentation were obtained. The core, in the form of protein-coated lipid droplets, was embedded throughout the wall matrices. In all but one case, core retention was higher than 83%, and in 50% of the cases, it was higher than 90%. Core retention was significantly influenced the composition of the WS and by W:C ratio (p < 0.05). Except for two cases, microcapsules exhibited very limited core extractability. The microencapsulation efficiency was >90% and was influenced, to a certain degree, by the composition of the CIWEs. Results indicated the potential for utilizing wall systems consisting of WHPI and lactose as effective and highly functional microencapsulating agents in food and related applications.
The Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation of Winter Precipitation Associated with ENSO over Southern China
Authors: Tong Qiaoyu , Yao Suxiang
Published: October 2018

Using ERA-interim Reanalysis data and observational data, the intraseasonal oscillation of the winter rainfall in southern China is studied. The mean square deviation of daily precipitation is used to express precipitation variability, and winter precipitation variability over southern China is determined to be highly correlated with sea surface temperature (SST) in central and eastern tropical Pacific; the dominant period of the precipitation is 10–30 days, which reflects quasi-biweekly oscillation. Examination of 1000 hPa geopotential height suggests that key low-pressure systems affecting the intraseasonal precipitation come from Lake Baikal, but with different travel paths. In El Niño years, key low-pressure systems converge with other low-pressure systems and move southeastward until reaching South China, while in La Niña years, only one low-pressure system can reach southern China. Meanwhile, the explosive development of the low-pressure system is mainly caused by the joint effects of thermal advection and vorticity advection in El Niño, and only vorticity advection accounted for the dominant status in La Niña. Multiscale analysis shows that the meridional distribution of intraseasonal circulation plays an important role on the thermal transmission and brings strong warm advection from low latitudes to high latitudes in El Niño.
Optimising Outcomes for Glioblastoma through Subspecialisation in a Regional Cancer Centre
Authors: Back Michael , Jayamanne Dasantha , Cove Nicola , Wheeler Helen , Khasraw Mustafa , Guo Linxin , Back Jemimah , Wong Matthew
Published: October 2018

Delivery of highly sophisticated, and subspecialised, management protocols for glioblastoma in low volume rural and regional areas creates potential issues for equivalent quality of care. This study aims to demonstrate the impact on clinical quality indicators through the development of a novel model of care delivering an outsourced subspecialised neuro-oncology service in a regional centre compared with the large volume metropolitan centre. Three hundred and fifty-two patients with glioblastoma were managed under the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (EORTC-NCIC) Protocol, and survival outcome was assessed in relation to potential prognostic factors and the geographical site of treatment, before and after opening of a regional cancer centre. The median overall survival was 17 months (95% CI: 15.5–18.5), with more favourable outcome with age less than 50 years (p < 0.001), near-total resection (p < 0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance status 0, 1 (p < 0.001), and presence of O-6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation (p = 0.001). There was no difference in survival outcome for patients managed at the regional centre, compared with metropolitan centre (p = 0.35). Similarly, no difference was seen with clinical quality process indicators of clinical trial involvement, rates of repeat craniotomy, use of bevacizumab and re-irradiation. This model of neuro-oncology subspecialisation allowed equivalent outcomes to be achieved within a regional cancer centre compared to large volume metropolitan centre.
An Optimized Procedure to Estimate the Economic Seismic Losses of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to Seismic Damage
Authors: Vona Marco , Manganelli Benedetto , Tataranna Sabina , Anelli Angelo
Published: October 2018

The latest Italian seismic events have highlighted a high discrepancy between the potential destructiveness of an earthquake and the consequent economic losses due to damage to buildings. The main reason for this mismatch is the high number of vulnerable residential buildings or the low-to-medium vulnerability of buildings that are reaching the ends of their service lives. Awareness of the economic impact of seismic vulnerability should be a matter of primary interest for public administrations, private and insurance companies, banks, owners, and professionals, despite operating at different territorial levels and with different objectives. Quantification of the expected monetary consequence of seismic vulnerability, in terms of the probable cost of repairing earthquake damage, plays a key role in defining new and more effective seismic risk mitigation strategies. Retrofitting strategies based on intervention priority defined only according to the structural seismic risk level of buildings are incorrect. These strategies neglect several important issues, such as the financial losses caused by building damage. A new procedure for estimating the expected seismic direct economic losses resulting from building damage (repair/replacement measures) is proposed and applied. The fundamental roles of analytical fragility curves and cost ratio functions in the new procedure are highlighted.