bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Reading Materials For Primary Grades Based On Children's Reading Interests and On Natural and Factual Data Pertaining To Kansas
Authors:   , Picking Miriam
Published: February 2023

Childhood education has made rapid advancement during the past quarter of a century. It is no longer considered by leading educators as something to be imposed from without, but is rather thought of as the gradual unfolding of life from within. This modern concept includes both the child and the subject matter to be taught. From the child's point of view such factors as innate ability, social traits, also the physical development as well as mental development, as well as mental development, serve as guides in setting up goals of achievement for the primary school grades. In the selection and organization of subject matters such factors as child nature, child interest and child experience as well as child growth enter into the picture. Several studies in research have been made which deal with some of these problems since they are of vital concern to the child and affect his school progress. Of primary importance in the beginning of education is the problem of selecting supplementary reading material for use in teaching reading in the primary grades, especially material which has local color and in which children have real interest. The specific problem of this thesis is the selection, organization, and compilation of material having a more or less direct association with the state of Kansas, and the use of this material in primary reading. The basic facts are to be drawn from pioneer and Indian life, folklore, nature study and myth as well as from the physical and geographic features of the State. The method or technique will no doubt reflect for the most part historic procedure, since these data are drawn from sources having direct association with the growth and development of the state. The organization of the thesis divides itself naturally into two major parts: first, the analytic; second, the synthetic. The analytic part pertains to a careful analysis of recent research studies made in children's reading interests, the content of certain primary readers now in use in schools and also through the use of personal opinion solicited from teachers and pupils. The synthetic part involves the use of local data compiled in written story. These stories are to be written for pupils at primary level through the use of vocabulary studies which have been found through a study of children of ages normally found in primary grades.
The Effects Of Authoritarianism On Moral Schema Development And Usage
Authors:   , Luth Clinton
Published: February 2023

The current published research on authoritarianism and morality has used the DIT in an overly simplistic manner to predict opinions and actions within the dual process model, using principled moral development (P) as a continuous variable only without examining the influence of schema structure on authoritarianism, and vice versa (McFarland, 2010a). While using P as a continuous variable is advised in most research cases, the scale developers recommend using schema measures when examining the relationship of the DIT to other judgment measures (Thoma, 2006). By interpreting moral development and decision making as a linear construct rather than as a set of interlocking schema, this reductionism likely muddled the connection between Duckitt’s Dual Process Model and moral development, creating a simple model that mediated authoritarianism through P to predict prejudice (McFarland, 2010a). By examining the relationship between moral reasoning schemas and authoritarianism while controlling these factors, a much more complex model for meaningfully explaining how moral reasoning fits into Duckitt’s theories and McFarland’s research was found involving both moral reasoning level and the gender of the subject, ultimately supporting separate models for the genders. The research was also an extension of the validity studies for the moral schema views mentioned previously by Thoma and others, determining the applicability of schema theory to Duckitt’s model (Duckitt, 2001; McFarland, 2010a; Rest et al., 2000; Thoma, 2006).
College Students' Attitudes Toward Cultural Diversity
Authors:   , Chaney Bart
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate college students’ attitudes toward cultural diversity. The five independent variables investigated were gender, college classification, race, mother’s education, and father’s education. The five dependent variables were Interest in Cultural Diversity, Ethnocentrism, Cross-Cultural Beliefs and Values, Racism, and Total Score. The total sample size was 139 college students which included 66 male and 73 female subjects. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). Ninety comparisons made, 25 were for main effects and 65 were for interactions. Of the 25 main effects, 11 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 65 interactions, 7 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. Classification is associated with Ethnocentrism, 2. Classification is associated with sensitivity to cultural diversity, 3. Race is associated with Interest in Cultural Diversity, 4. Race is associated with Cross-Cultural Beliefs and Values, 5. Race is associated with sensitivity to cultural diversity, 6. Significant interactions between gender and mother’s education for Interest in Cultural Diversity; between classification and mother’s education for Interest in Cultural Diversity; between gender and mother’s education for Ethnocentrism; between gender and mother’s education for Cross-Cultural Beliefs and Values; between classification and mother’s education for Cross-Cultural Beliefs and Values; between gender and mother’s education for sensitivity to cultural diversity (Total Score); and between gender and mother’s education for Racism.
UAS-Collected Multispectral Imagery For The Identification Of Rangeland Vegetation In A Southern Mixed-Grass Prairie
Authors:   , Rusk Adam
Published: February 2023

The interest in using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for remote sensing of natural resources and ecology has grown rapidly in recent years and continues to develop. Recent improvements in the cost, size, and accessibility of consumer-grade UASs are now facilitating image collection on low-flying UAS platforms. Rangelands provide a unique opportunity to explore the uses of UAS remote sensing due to their large spatial extent and spatial and temporal heterogeneity. This study focuses on the use of UAS’s to identify rangeland vegetation in a southern mixed-grass prairie in Kansas. Two primary questions were asked: 1) Do small UASs with low-cost sensors collect imagery useful for mapping rangeland plants? 2) Do different supervised classification techniques yield significant differences in their ability to classify rangeland vegetation? Data were collected over 100 acres of the Hadley Range in north-east Ellis County. Three separate modeling algorithms (Maximum Likelihood Classifiers, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machines) were compared to a random dataset to determine if imagery collected with UAS could identify land cover better than random assignment. While the classification algorithms did perform better than random in most regards, they did not perform sufficiently well as to replace, or even compare to field work. However, I expect that as technical, and technological improvement in spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution occur, UAS remote sensing’s ability to aid in determining stocking rates for grazing, locating invasive or rare species, and estimating overall biodiversity will greatly increase.
Transforming Mandatory Reporting to Quality Improvement: Best Practices for Patient Safety and the Public
Authors:   , Smith Lanita
Published: February 2023

With the dawn of a new century, the federal government introduced a healthcare agenda designed to capture the spirit of the American public by emphasizing the need for patient safety. Cloaked under the guise of consumer protection, it won the support of Congress and a new era of mandatory reporting was implemented. Nurses share a common goal with other healthcare professionals of identifying provider error, understand its causes, and making system wide changes to reduce risks. Error reporting is a crucial component of this goal. Recent public policy discussions in the United States have explored the risks and benefits of mandatory and voluntary reporting systems to identify the most effective ways to promote candid disclosure of provider error. American healthcare has not accomplished its agenda to reach zero-disparities and the fact remains that we may have moved further away from our goal by implementing the blame and shame game through mandatory reporting. The majority of provider errors do not result from individual recklessness, but from basic system flaws in the way that healthcare delivery is organized (Powers, Maurer, & Wey, 2002). Despite increasing evidence that systems fail, institutions are continuing to assign and emphasize individual blame for errors. Hospital culture demonstrates that an accepted way to deal with the complexity of provider error is to manage the healthcare provider through oversight and discipline as opposed to identifying and resolving the contributing problems (Brown, 2002). In order for healthcare professionals to be able to grow from novice to expert, the healthcare system must undergo a transformational change from a punitive environment to one that internalizes an ongoing quality improvement process. Professionalism is not perfectionism. The notion of a safety culture approach requires commitment to three values: a) continuous quality improvement, b) transformational change and leadership, and c) appreciation for the influence that organizational change can have whether positive or negative. The theoretical framework, which guided this investigation, is Patricia Benner’s theory (1984) From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power In Clinical Nursing Practice. Reason’s (2000) Incident Analysis model, and Bass’s (1985) theory of Transformational Leadership. The purpose of this investigation was to further explore the possibility of a correlation or relationship between the concepts of transformational leadership and nursing peer review systems in a Midwestern rural acute care facility. The results of the analysis of the presented data suggest that there was not a statistically significant level of correlation between the concepts.
Professional Learning Communities Enhancing Capacity for Improved Student Learning
Authors:   , Adams L.
Published: February 2023

Educators continue to be challenged with improving the nation's schools. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 created an elusive moving target towards perfection as the ultimate goal. This was a mandate for every school receiving federal funds to close the achievement gap. Recently, states have been applying for waivers to help them move out of the NCLB rut of narrowly focused and unattainable goals. The pressure of school improvement and its challenges, with limited funding, continue for schools to supply efficient and effective professional development that will benefit student learning. The Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, wrote in an article for Learning Forward our nation's schools spend a lot of money on professional development but receive little in return\ (Duncan, 2011, p. 70, 71). Schools must continue to look for inexpensive yet effective ways for teachers to become better. For the past few years, professional learning communities have been one of the most efficient and effective forms of professional development because they utilize the expertise of staff within the schools they serve. This approach has enhanced the capacity for learning by establishing collaborative teams of teachers who work together, use best practices, and focus on student learning. This project looks at the effectiveness of professional learning communities in enhancing capacity for student learning, particularly in four southwest Kansas high schools. The project looks at both qualitative and quantitative data.
Environmental Slab Compositions in Clay
Authors:   , Channell Robert
Published: February 2023

The objective of this study was to create environmental ceramic compositions using variations of two basic shapes, circular and linear (oblong).
A Study of High School Graduates
Authors:   , Ewy Walter
Published: February 2023

The specific problem of this report is to portray the results or findings of a survey conducted as a \Follow-up study of the graduates of the Stafford High School.\
A Study of the Classroom Teacher's Self-Image and Knowledge of the Role of the School Psychologist as They Relate Themselves to Attitudes Expressed Toward the Profession
Authors:   , Willis Ronald
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to (1) determine whether a clear understanding of the roles the school psychologist serves in the school, influences teachers' acceptance of his services, and (2) whether classroom teachers' feelings concerning their self-image affect their acceptance of the school psychologist. The subjects used in this study were thirty female elementary teachers, then serving in Kansas. Half of these teachers were classified as having poor attitudes toward school psychologists, while the other fifteen teachers were considered to have good attitudes. On the basis of a subjective rating of a teacher's attitudes toward school psychology, each teacher was placed in his particular group by the psychologist with whom he worked. Three measuring devices were used to gather information concerning (1) the knowledge teachers possess about their psychologist's role, (2) their attitudes toward the school psychologist with whom they work, and (3) their feelings about their own self -image. The instruments included an inventory of school psychological activities; two paragraphs, one describing a teacher with good attitudes toward school psychologists, the other a teacher with poor attitudes; and the Leary Interpersonal Check List. Hypothesis 1 stated that teachers classified as having poor attitudes toward school psychologists would express significantly more misunderstanding about his role than would teachers with good attitudes. Hypothesis 2 was that teachers classified as having poor attitudes toward school psychologists would express significantly more doubts about their own self-image than would teachers with good attitudes. In an attempt to analyze the difference expressed by these two groups on the inventory and the ICL, a t test for means was employed. Analysis of the data justified the rejection of the null hypothesis for hypothesis 1, but not for hypothesis 2. The difference between the means for the two groups on the inventory of school psychological activities was significant beyond the .05 level of confidence, while for the ICL the difference was found to be below the .05 level. In comparing how the two groups differed on the various individual items of the inventory, as well as how psychologists and teachers differed, a t-test for significance was utilized and the .05 level of confidence required. Five items were found to differ significantly between good- and poor-attitude teachers, and four items between school psychologists and teachers in general.
A Study of The Fort Hays Kansas State College Placement Test
Authors:   , Bray Claud
Published: February 2023

Among recent trends in education at the collegiate level is that which pertains to the use of placement tests for entering freshmen in college. Many colleges in different parts of the nation have made use of these entrance tests. Among these schools we find Fort Hays Kansas State College. The question of the value of the use of such tests might very properly be raised. Do placement tests really fulfill their function? Should freshmen be exempted from certain basic courses if they make or exceed stipulated scores on the tests? Or should freshmen be required to take the basic courses to give them a better foundation in the various subjects? It is out of such questions as these that the basis for this study arose. Specifically stated, the problem of the thesis is to determine some of the values of the placement tests used by Fort Hays Kansas State College, and whether or not they really fulfill their function.
Clash: Between Black and White
Authors:   , Han Bang-Wool
Published: February 2023

Graphic design is visual communication. It is characterized by a focus on visual and verbal language with imagery and typography. Graphic design is a powerful form of nonverbal communication.
Diplomatic Relations Between The United States and Argentina: Recognition of The Republic of Buenos Aires
Authors:   , Tomlinson John
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to make a study of the relations between the United States and Argentina, leading to the recognition of Argentina. The period covered will essentially be from August 27, 1810, the date of the first United States mission to Argentina, to January 27, 1823, the date of formal recognition of Argentina by the United States . The name Argentina will be absent from this study since it is the modern day name for a similar territory known during this period as first, the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata, and as the Republic of Buenos Aires when recognition was accorded. Major emphasis in this study has been placed upon the agents of this pre-recognition period and the neutrality and recognition policy as established by the United States. Chapter II has been devoted to agents of the United States sent to the United Provinces. Chapter III has been devoted to the agents sent by la Plata to the United States. The neutrality policy of the United States, as it affected Spanish America, is the subject for Chapter IV, and the recognition policy of the United States is discussed in Chapter V. Texts of the more important document s used in this thesis have been placed in the Appendix . A list of these has been included in the table of contents, and the reader is referred to them by footnotes.
Leadership And Innovative Environment In Organizations
Authors:   , Xia Xiaojuan
Published: February 2023

This article examines the relationship between leader-follower friendships and the innovative environment in organizations. The results of the study reveal that leader-follower friendships are positively related to the measurements of innovative environment. Organizations with an innovative environment exhibit strong overall leader-follower friendships. Measures of leader-follower friendships are obtained from Boyd and Taylor's developmental approach to the examination of friendships between leaders and followers. In order to find out the determinations of an innovative environment, this paper reviews the work of Van der Sluis, Baldridge, Burnham, Bharadwaj, Menon, McLean, and others. The article synthesizes the literature, and lists the factors that influence the creation of an innovative environment in organizations. Using data from a Chinese electronics manufacturing firm, the support for the hypothesis is found. The results indicate that in innovative groups, the friendships between leaders and followers are considered as strong. Implications of the findings to practices are discussed.
A Kinetic Study of the Deiodination of N, N-Dimethyl-P-Iodoaniline
Authors:   , Cho Iwhan
Published: February 2023

A comparative kinetic study was made to determine whether the proposed deiodination mechanism2 may be extended to include deiodination of N, N-dimethyl-p-iodoaniline in acid medium. From the kinetic data obtained using classical iodometry, the rate constants and the activation energy of reaction are obtained. At 80⁰ C, the deiodination N, N-dimethyl-p-iodoaniline is faster by a factor of 5 than that of p-iodoaniline. This is explained in terms of chemical structure. In order to confirm the mechanism, the deuterium effect is measured and interpreted. The ratio KH20/kD20, is found to be 5.8. Infrared spectra of N, N-dimethyl-p-iodoaniline and N, N-dimethylaniline are given. The iodine- addition complexes of N, N-dimethyl-p-iodoaniline are described.
Progressive municipal reform as reflected in Dodge City newspapers: The progressive agendas of Robert Wright, George Hoover, and Adolph Gluck
Authors:   , Weber Brian
Published: February 2023

Dodge City was founded in a prairie in the Southwest corner of Kansas in 1872 and was incorporated three years later. The region benefited from large buffalo herds, a nearby U. S. Army Fort, the expansion of the railroad into the area, and the lucrative cattle trade. The Westward movement of the quarantine line ended the cattle trade in Dodge City in the mid 1880s but the little city with a wicked reputation prevailed. The emphasis on agriculture increased, businesses adapted, and three of the city’s proficient leaders stepped forward once again. Robert Wright, George Hoover, and Adolph Gluck were leaders in Dodge City before the end of the cattle trade and in the city’s darkest hour; they remained in Dodge City, they invested and started additional businesses, and they guided the city into the Progressive Era. The development of services and modern amenities such as water, electricity, natural gas, sewer, and graded and paved streets were developed in Dodge City under the initial leadership and persistence of Wright, Hoover, and Gluck. They did not always agree on the next step the city ought to take, nor did they agree on the pace in which new developments should be leveraged against a city that suffered from indebtedness, but they were in unison on the preservation and growth of Dodge City. They were progressive, not socially, as they challenged prohibition vehemently, and not necessarily politically, as they were more concerned with municipal development and reform than they were with political strategy. These three were assisted by other notable residents such as Samuel J. Crumbine, who practiced medicine in early Dodge City, and later served as Secretary of the State Board of Health. Crumbine played an influential role in Dodge City’s first city-wide sewer system at the request of Jess C. Denious, the editor of a prominent newspaper in Dodge City. Crumbine went on to publish a book, Frontier Doctor, and Denious went on to serve in the state legislature and then as Lieutenant Governor of Kansas. Wright, Hoover, and Gluck all passed by 1917, leaving behind a modern city with strong agriculture and commerce, and a growing population. Dodge City sprang up in less than half a century and became a sustainable city, a tribute to Wright, Hoover, and Gluck. An account of their progressive agendas is preserved in the city’s early newspapers, which is examined in this thesis.
Effect of Recent Curriculum Studies on the Content of Ninth Grade Algebra Textbooks
Authors:   , Mildrexler Donald
Published: February 2023

The specific problem of this thesis was to discover how much new material has been included in certain ninth grade algebra textbooks. The author hoped to find some of this material in every textbook and to show a relationship between the amount of new material in a text book and its date of publication.
Resenas De La Erudicion De Don Quijote De La Mancha
Authors:   , Clarkson Everett
Published: February 2023

Esta pobreza “de trabajo cientifico en torno a Cervantes ... procede del ambiente fetichista que se ha ido formando alrededor de aquel; y al mismo tiempo, del temor a incurrir en el pecado de esoterismo.” Parece que hay una guardia celosa que cuida bien que nadie traspasara el limite del canon crltico permitido so pena de ser condenado al ostracismo del grupo literario que piensa que tiene la interpretacion correcta de Don Quijote de La Mancha.
The Relationship Between Democracy and Friendship: The Case of Burundi and U.S.A.
Authors:   , Sinzinkayo Jeredie
Published: February 2023

The overwhelming problems that many third world nations face are related to the fact they lack democracy. My thesis addresses the major question: why is achieving democracy in Burundi problematic? In analyzing the question I found that when Burundi tried to advance toward democracy, its friendship with U.S.A. and other western nations tended to be more positive. When Burundi ignored democratic values, the friendship with U.S.A. and its allies tended to deteriorate. Before colonialism (before 1899), Burundi had political practices compatible with democratic principles. Its two rival ethnic groups, Hutu and Tutsi, were proportionally represented in the national and local governments, defense and judiciary. During and after colonialism accomplishing democracy in Burundi has been problematic because of the divide-and-rule policy initiated by the colonizers and additionally, since the overthrow of monarchy in November 1966, military rule. The last chapter contains some recommendations on how to achieve a peaceful democracy in Burundi.
A Study of The Variations In The Growth of Blue Grama Grass From Seed Produced In Various Sections of The Great Plains Region
Authors:   , Riegel Andrew
Published: February 2023

During the past 7 years the Great Plains Region, with its \dust bowl\, has been the scene of unparalleled activity in the fields of range management and erosion control. The people of this short grass area are extremely conscious of the need for a sound, practical program of conservation that will revegetate the wasted pasture and cultivated land, which will aid materially in preserving the eroding soil. Many problems have arisen as the program of conserving the soil and the vegetation has progressed.
A Research Project Comparing an Arithmetic Review with a Consumer Mathematics Approach for General Mathematics Classes
Authors:   , Mantz Clayton
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to research the comparative contributions of arithmetic review and consumer mathematics as contents of a general mathematics course for schools that could offer only one general mathematics course at the ninth grade level. Because of the close relationship of the ancillary questions: who should be taught general mathematics and how should general mathematics be taught, these were also considered. The study was performed in a typical rural high school and the population was judged to be typical for general mathematics. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups (arithmetic review and consumer mathematics) and pre- and post- collection of data were carried out to assess changes with regard to the dependent variables post-test scores on a computational skills test, a problem-solving test , a mathematical attitude opinionnaire, and the California Test of Personality--over the duration of the study. Because of differences in mean scores on pre-tests, the covariance method for analysis was used to test for significance of any differences between scores of treatment groups on post-test data. Based on the population and the conditions of this study, the most important conclusions reached were: arithmetic review is a better content than consumer mathematics for a general mathematics class when the primary aim is to obtain an increase in computational skill; consumer mathematics is a better choice of content than arithmetic review for a general mathematics class when the primary aim is to obtain an increase in attitude toward mathematics. Differences were not found to be significant on any other dependent variables.
Drug Use Among Rural Kansas Fifth and Sixth Graders
Authors:   , Barrett Hannah
Published: February 2023

The researcher investigated substance use in rural Kansas fifth and sixth graders. Independent variables were gender, family structure, perceived relationship with parents, family substance use, attitude towards family, peer substance use, and self-concept. Dependent variables were number of cigarettes smoked, frequency of cigarette use, amount of alcohol use, and frequency of marijuana use. (No subjects reported use of marijuana.) The sample consisted of 160 students, comprised of 71 fifth graders, 89 sixth graders, with 78 boys and 82 girls. A status survey design was employed using a three-way analysis of variance. Results showed peer substance use was a significant main effect for all dependent variables, and was more influential when attitude towards family was average to poor. Higher family substance use resulted in significantly higher mean use by subjects in 11 out of 15 interactions. Subjects with poor self-concept who were users nearly always reported greater mean use than those with positive self-concepts. Although peer influence is a significant factor, this study supports the importance of low substance use by family and of maintaining a working relationship with the child in reducing substance use among rural elementary students.
Isolation and Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria from Quivira National Wildlife Refuge
Authors:   , Da Silva Carvalho Claudia
Published: February 2023

The discovery of microorganisms inhabiting extreme environments such as deep ocean vents, hot springs, and salt marshes has led to the development of a new science termed astrobiology, the study of the origin of life in the universe. These microorganisms, or extremophiles, are viewed by astrobiologists as ideal models of survival away from our planet. In addition, research on extreme halophiles recently has expanded the possibility of introducing new biomedical, biotechnological, and bioremediation applications. This study focused on halophilic bacteria present within two salt marshes at Quivira national Wildlife Refuge in central Kansas, Halophilic bacteria were initially isolated on 12% Modified Growth Medium (MGM). Isolated organisms were grown in pure culture and distinguished with 16S PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis using two restriction endonucleases. A pool of bacterial isolates was submitted to LIDI-LAB in Newark, Delaware for DNA matching and GenBank identification. Organisms were further characterized based on salt tolerance, production of orange pigmentation, fermentation of mannitol, light microscopy for Gram reaction, and scanning electron microscopy for finer details. Light microscopy identified the organisms as Gram positive rods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave a finer detail of the isolates and confirmed their rod morphology. MIDI-Lab GenBank identification results revealed the organisms to be closely related to five bacterial species: Hallobacillus trueperi EU624420, Hallobacillus profundi AB189298, and Hallobacillus sp. AY505519.
Perceptual Differences of Adolescents and Parents Concerning the Context and Usefulness of Sexuality/Aids Communication
Authors:   , Werth-Benoit Brenda
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the perceptions of adolescents and their parents regarding the effectiveness and context of sexuality, AIDS, and HIV communication. There were 37 adolescent subjects ranging in age from 13 to 16 years in this study. An additional 35 subjects consisted of one parent for each of the adolescent subjects. Parents and adolescents were given a questionnaire from the Revised Family Sex Communication Quotient (RFSCQ) and asked to respond to items across four dimensions: context, information, comfort, and value. Additional items in the questionnaire identified sources of sexual information, frequency of sex related communication, and primary sex educator. Parent scores were compared to adolescent scores using t-tests and chi-squares. Parents reported that they are the major source of information on sexuality and AIDS for their children; adolescents did not perceive their parents as being a major information source, nor did adolescents report their parents as being most informative or providing the most useful information about sexuality and AIDS. Significant differences between parent and adolescent perceptions of the context of sexuality discussions were also found, with parents reporting more planned discussions, while adolescents reported more casual or brief discussions. Implications of these results for practice and future research are discussed.
Vegetation Cover, Composition, and Yield as Influenced by Soil, Litter and Grazing Intensity
Authors:   , Modha V.V.
Published: February 2023

Three pastures located 2.5 miles southwest of Hays were selected to determine the relationship of vegetation to depth of soil and different intensities of grazing. The pastures were classified as non-grazed, moderately-grazed, and heavily-grazed according to past use. Sites with deep and shallow soil were selected in each pasture to study in detail vegetational variations with respect to differences in soil and grazing intensity. When soil depth was less than 12 inches, soils were considered shallow and depths greater than 12 inches were considered deep. Ten quadrats, one square meter each, were selected on deep and shallow soil of each pasture. A detailed study of vegetation and soil differences was made by studying the following factors: basal cover and composition, monthly yield of vegetation, growth of grasses in height, counting of forbs with three feet by one foot rectangle, textural classification of soil, amount of organic matter and soil pH, amount of mulch, and utilization of vegetation by livestock. Basal cover increased with increased intensity of grazing. Deep and shallow soils of the heavily-grazed pasture had the highest basal cover when compared with the same type of soils of the non-grazed and moderately-grazed pastures. Composition of the species also varied according to the depth of soil and intensity of grazing. On deep soil of the non-grazed pasture, big bluestem was dominant while little bluestem dominated the shallow soil. On deep soil of both moderately- and heavily-grazed pastures, buffalo grass, blue grama, and side-oats grama were the dominants. Blue grama, hairy grama, and side-oats grama were dominant on shallow soils. Production of vegetation, mulch, and per cent organic matter was greater on deep and shallow soils of the non-grazed pasture as compared to the moderately- and heavily-grazed pastures. Deep soil of all three pastures produced higher vegetation, mulch, and organic matter than the shallow soil. Percentage of organic matter was higher in the 0-to-6-inch layer than the lower 6-to-12-inch layer of soil in each type of soil and pasture. Organic matter content was greatest in deep soil than in shallow soil of each pasture. Utilization of vegetation by livestock than the mode rarely-grazed pasture was 54.8 per cent while in the heavily-grazed pasture utilization was 77.8 per cent.
Attitudes Toward the Handicapped
Authors:   , Basgall Thomas
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate university students toward the disabled. Four independent variables were investigated; 1) gender, 2) classification, 3) GPA, and 4) exposure to the disabled. The dependent variable was attitudes toward the disabled. Two different instruments were used: a demographic sheet constructed by the researcher to obtain the independent variables, and Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Form 0 Scale to obtain the dependent variable attitude scores. The sample consisted of 148 undergraduates from a small university. A status survey design was employed with both pregrouping and post hoc grouping. Four composite null hypotheses were tested. A three-way analysis of variance was employed for testing the composite null hypotheses. A total of 28 comparisons were made. The results of the research indicated that one main effect was statistically significant at the .05 level. The main effect was for GPA. One interaction was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistical interaction was among gender, GPA and classification. All of the calculated means for the subgroups were significantly below the theoretical mean of 70. This indicated that the respondents perceived the disabled as dissimilar. The results of the present research appeared to support the following generalizations: 1) no association between exposure and attitudes toward the disabled; 2) attitudes toward the disabled were numerically associated with gender, GPA and classification; and 3) subjects of the present sample had dissimilar attitudes toward the disabled.
Hind Limb and Pelvis Proportions of Hesperornis Regalis: A Comparison with Extant Diving Birds
Authors:   , Reynaud Francis
Published: February 2023

Hesperornis regalis and other hesperornithiforms have long been compared to extant grebes or loons in terms of their ecology, mode of locomotion, and hind limb morphology. However, no quantitative analysis has previously been published to assess the accuracy of this morphological comparison. Ratio, multivariate, and average Euclidean distance analyses of five modern species of fool-propelled diver, including one loon and two grebes, indicate that the Common Loon, Gavia immer, is significantly similar to Hesperornis regalis, H. gracilis, and Parahesperornis alexi in terms of hind limb bone-length ratios, pelvis shape, and position of the acetabulum on the pelvis. The Western Grebe (Aechmophoris occidentalis) and the Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) both appear to have body shapes similar to the hesperornithiforms according to graphical analyses; however, Euclidean distance analysis indicates that the Red-necked Grebe is not significantly similar to the three hesperornithiforms in the characters presented, and further indicates that the Western Grebe is significantly similar to the hesperornithiforms when overall body size is removed from consideration. Because the morphology of the Common Loon is significantly similar to Hesperornus regalis, H. gracilis, and Parahesperornis alexi, it is a good model on which to base study of their hind limb musculature and locomotion. Based on this model, Hesperornis, like a loon, likely swam with both feet thrusting backwards simultaneously, avoided land except for nesting, and when forced to move on land, used the same swimming motion to push itself forward slowly. Because of these physical limitations, likely nesting locations may have included protected, vegetated areas such as estuaries, or other locations where the influence of tides and wave action is lessened or buffered.
A Comparison of the Three-Point Stance and the Four-Point Stance in Football, Relative to Starting Times for Five Yards
Authors:   , Wineinger Keith
Published: February 2023

This is a study of the comparison of the three-point stance and the four-point stance in football relative to starting times for five yards. This study is being done to determine which stance is the best for interior lineman to use. The study should provide scientific information pertinent to the issue of which stance will provide the quicker start. The purpose of this study was to compare the speed of the three- point stance end the four- point stance to determine which stance was superior in regard to the speed of movement of the interior linemen over a distance of five yards. There is a lack of scientific evidence as to which stance is the best to use. Coaches select one stance or the other on personal preference rather than scientific information. This study should assist in providing scientific information pertinent to the issue of which stance will provide the quicker start for the interior lineman. The sub-problems of the study were to determine the following: (1) Which stance produced the greater amount of speed For Five yards charging straight ahead, and (2) Which stance produced the greater amount of speed for five yards charging at an angle of 45 degrees left end at an angle of 45 degrees right.
Performance on Two Wechsler Subtests as a Function of Instructional Variation and Anxiety Level
Authors:   , Baker Douglas
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the effect of instructional variation and test anxiety level, as measured by the Test Anxiety Scale, on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Block Design and Picture Arrangement performance. Ss were 28 male and 20 female introductory psychology students, and it was hypothesized that experimental instructions clarifying the time element of subtests would improve Ss performance, particularly that of the high-anxious Ss. Ss were selected from the middle third of the range of intelligence scores to control for intelligence. No significant differences were obtained due to instructional variation, anxiety level, or their interaction. It was concluded that the standard instructions to those subtests do not affect performance differently than do the alternative instructions used in this study.
Reactions of Halogenated Nitroparaffins
Authors:   , Byerley Thomas
Published: February 2023

The objective of this research was to investigate some typical reactions of the halogenated nitroparaffins. One problem was that of obtaining the three halogenated 2-nitroparaffins, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-2-nitropropane. 2-Chloro-2-nitropropane was commercially available; the others were prepared in the laboratory. A second problem was determining the relative ease of replacement of the halogen, either by a different halogen, or some other chemical group. The third problem was the suggestion of a mechanism to e)q)lain the reactions which were observed in the first two problems.
Cavalry To Campfires: The Politics Of Preservation In Frontier Historical Park
Authors:   , Gill Jeremy
Published: February 2023

Located on the bank of Big Creek in the Smoky Hills Region of the Great Plains is a small wooded park that contains a unique history. Today, the park is split into two sections, one being Frontier Park and the other being the Fort Hays State Historic Site that administers four original buildings from the active years of Fort Hays. Visitors from all states in the Union and many countries pass through Hays to visit the park. Whether to step back in time and experience life of the nineteenth century frontier or to absorb the quiet serenity of the state park’s natural area. Many visitors may not realize the political battle that took place in order to establish a state park located in Hays. From the time the military decided to place forts in the area in 1865, the land was known for its unique scenic quality due to the abundance of trees located along Big Creek, one of the few water sources in the region. For one hundred years the Fort Hays Military Reservation was at the heart of a political battle over the proper use of the land after the deactivation of the Post. During the active years of Fort Hays, military personnel worked to protect the trees along Big Creek. The post surgeon took part in a natural survey of the land, noting the unusual timber growth and variety of wildlife species. After the closing of Fort Hays in 1889, the land was turned over to the care of the Department of the Interior. Political debates arose in the wake of the fort’s closure in 1889. The seven thousand six hundred acres of the former military reservation rested in the hands of the federal government. Coinciding with the timing of the fort’s closure was the rising popularity of the conservation movement. While representatives from Kansas were in talks with the Interior Department about the right of the state to own the property, the development of a public park became one of the stipulations for the federal land transfer to the state of Kansas. The finalization of the land transfer agreement took place in 1901. From this point forward, a multitude of people from a variety of backgrounds worked to develop Frontier Historical Park as a modern state park in western Kansas. The goal of the park was to provide a place of relaxation, recreation, and historic interests to visitors traveling through the state of Kansas.
Variations of the Human Form in Clay Slab Form
Authors:   , Lefevere Anita
Published: February 2023

The figure as a subject for this thesis was arrived at through a growing process of work previously done. Before I began using the recognizable subject of the figure I went through a stage of using slab cylinders which represented or gave suggestions of humans in small groups. From this I tried to make more detailed recognizable figures in small groups. I did not like the results and moved on to single human forms in larger proportions which became the subject of my research. The first figure forms were blocky and hard. (“Reclining Woman”) Using exaggerations and various positions of the human body, especially the female, allowed me to express inner feelings and attitudes about myself and society. (“Chained and Mechanized”)
Chasing the Chimera
Authors:   , Kalaher Steven
Published: February 2023

The iconography of the works being presented for this Thesis are best discussed in three content based themes; first are those works which are derived from the destruction of innocence, especially children, a second theme reflecting the cultural and political attitudes of this region, and finally a theme which relates to the ambiguity presented by an omnipotent creator in a world of occasionally malevolent nature.
Sources of Perceived Stress in Children Involved in Competitive Sports
Authors:   , Thompson David
Published: February 2023

This investigation is a conceptual replication of Gould, Horn, Spreemann (1983b) designed to assess perceived sources of stress Junior and Senior high school students participating in basketball. The participants rated the frequency with which they experienced thirty-three sources of stress during competition. Gould's et al. (1983b) research revealed that “performing up to one's ability”, “improving on one's last performance”, “participating in championship meets”, “not wrestling well”, and “losing” were identified as major sources of stress. The present study found similar results with “making mistakes”, “performing up to one's level of ability”, “not playing well”, “what my coach will think or say”, and “improving upon one's last performance” as major sources of stress for basketball players. It was predicted that the same rank order of perceived sources of stress would be found as Gould's et. al., (1983b) study. However, the correlation of the ranks from the two studies was not significant. Results Indicated only two sources of perceived stress were identical when the two studies were compared. Male and female basketball players did not have different rankings of sources of stress, nor were the rankings of highly skilled players different from those of less skilled players. Although both the most and least frequently experienced sources of stress were identified in both studies it was concluded that large individual differences existed in perceived sources of stress.