bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thirty years of the International Journal of Logistics Management – a retrospective analysis
Authors: Gammelgaard Britta , Kumar Satish , Pattnaik Debidutta , Joshi Rohit
Published: June 2020

Purpose

International Journal of Logistics Management (IJLM) celebrated 30 years of its publication in 2019. This study provides a retrospective overview of the IJLM articles between 1990 and 2019.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors applied bibliometrics to study and present a retrospective summary of the publication trends, citations, pattern of authorship, productivity, popularity depicting influence, and the impact of the IJLM, its contributors, their affiliations, and discusses the conceptual layout of IJLM's prolific themes.

Findings

With 23 yearly articles, IJLM contributed 689 specialized research papers on Supply Chain Management (SCM) by 2019. Authorship grew by 42 new contributors adding up to 1,256 unique IJLM authors by 2019. Each of its lead contributors associated with 1.55 other authors to contribute an article in the journal among which 93% are cited at least once. Survey-based research dominated in last 30 years. The h-index of the journal is 73 while its g-index suggests that 133 IJLM articles were cited at least 17,689 times in Scopus. IJLM authors affiliated to the Cranfield University and the US contributed the highest count of articles. Bibliographic coupling analysis groups IJLM articles into eight bibliographic clusters while network analysis exposes the thematic layout of IJLM articles.

Research limitations/implications

The literature selection is confined to the Scopus database starting from 1990, a year before the inception of the IJLM, thereby limiting its scope.

Originality/value

This study is the first retrospective bibliometric analysis of the IJLM, which is useful for aspiring contributors.
Linkage and continuity of care after release from prison: an evaluation of central registration points for drug users in Belgium
Authors: Vandevelde Stijn , Vander Laenen Freya , Mine Benjamin , Maes Eric , De Clercq Lana , Deckers Lies , Vanderplasschen Wouter
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to report the findings of an evaluation study concerning the Central Registration Points (CRPs) for drug users in Belgian prisons. CRPs support drug users to link with community-based services.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied a multi-method approach that involved an exploratory literature review; a secondary analysis of the CRPs’ databases; a qualitative study of the perceptions of a diverse sample of stakeholders with regard to the functioning of CRPs; and a prospective registration study.

Findings

One-third of the clients never attended an outpatient or residential substance abuse service before prison entry. This illustrates that the CRPs managed to reach clients who were not previously reached by (substance abuse) treatment services. All interviewed actors emphasized the added value of the CRPs in terms of informing, contacting, motivating and referring prisoners with a substance abuse problem.

Practical implications

Based on the research findings, two issues seem to be of paramount importance in the successful practice of CRPs: the confidentiality and specific expertise on (substance abuse) treatment. Given the complex situation of drug users in prison, an independent positioning and categorical assistance with drug-specific expertise seem to be essential.

Originality/value

CRPs can be considered to be one of the “building blocks” that contribute to high-quality care and continuity of care for drugs users in detention.
Becoming-with in a compost society — Haraway beyond posthumanism
Authors: Timeto Federica
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper considers the role of nonhuman animals in the thought of Donna Haraway, going from her critique of the animal as model/mirror for the evolution of the human body politic to her proposal for a “compost” society. It demonstrates her changing positions in relation to the social role of animals and the deepening of her critique of intersectional relations that subordinate nonhuman animals and animalized people.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper intertwines a loosely historical approach and a thematic one, focusing on key issues of sociological theory, such as work, agency and kinship, and the way these relate to the animal question in Haraway's writings. Her texts are discussed both broadly and in-depth, and her positionality in terms of both feminism and antispeciesism is foregrounded.

Findings

The paper shows how the progressive abandonment of a posthuman approach in favor of a compostist one brings Haraway nearer to intersectional ecofeminism and to a fuller consideration of nonhuman agency at a material level, as well as to a deeper critique of instrumental relations of domination and issue that had been problematic in critiques of her earlier work.

Social implications

The paper highlights the role of nonhumans in the evolution and constitution of societies and advocates a response-able multispecies politics.

Originality/value

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the social role of animals in Haraway's thought and the deepening antispeciesism of her feminist approach that sheds a different light on her positionality in relation to ecofeminism.
Guidelines and tools for promoting digital equity
Authors: Aguilar Stephen J.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a targeted overview of relevant digital equity gap literature that serves to contextualize the current crisis brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Following this review of the literature, the author introduces five guidelines that educators can use to guide their decisions about how to adapt to remote learning. It concludes with an overview and full text of two tools educators and researchers can use to better understand the challenges faced by students: the Digital Equity Gap Interview Protocol and the Digital Equity Gap Survey Instrument.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper is grounded on the theoretical framework of Martha Nussbaum's “Capability Approach,” which outlines core human capabilities that (if fostered) enable individuals to generate valuable outcomes for themselves.

Findings

It is suggested that it is important to attend to human capabilities when addressing digital equity gaps exacerbated by the pandemic. The author provides two tools that are intended to help individuals gather important information about the communities they serve and/or study.

Research limitations/implications

Both tools provide descriptive information that will contextualize digital equity gaps, should they be present.

Practical implications

This paper provides concrete tools for educators who wish to understand digital equity gaps within the communities they serve.

Social implications

In time of unprecedented distance learning, it is important for both K-12 educators and higher education instructors to understand the technological capabilities of their students. The Digital Equity Gap Interview Protocol and the Digital Equity Gap Survey Instrument give them a place to start.

Originality/value

This paper fulfills an identified need to study and address digital equity gaps.
Saving a semester of learning: MIT’s emergency transition to online instruction
Authors: Kessler Aaron , Barnes Sheryl , Rajagopal Krishna , Rankin Janet , Pouchak Lauren , Silis Mark , Esser Wesley
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Prior to March 4th, 2020 only a handful of MIT courses had ever been delivered exclusively online. The purpose of this paper is to detail how over a 25-day period (March 4th-March 30th) approximately 1,250 spring term courses transitioned to being remote online offerings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout that time five groups on MIT's campus – the Office of Open Learning (OL), the Office of the Vice Chancellor (OVC), including in particular the Teaching + Learning Lab (TLL), Information Systems and Technology (IS&T) and Sloan Technology Services (STS) - were primarily responsible for supporting the transition of residential courses to remote online delivery.

Design/methodology/approach

Together these groups were able to engage in new communication processes and collaborations, initially established by the university's Academic Continuity working group, to address three: support all faculty and instructors in transforming residential courses to remote online instruction, support all students in transitioning to remote online learning, and support teaching assistants as they transitioned to online instruction.

Findings

This paper describes the organizational structure (both distributed and centralized) that allowed for such collaborations. Critical decisions made by the group are described and connected with the key goals they addressed. Finally, examples of specific tools and supports that were implemented during the transition period are highlighted.

Originality/value

Certain factors existed to allow MIT to make such a massive instructional transition (e.g. scaled lecture capture capabilities, members of the digital learning lab embedded within a number of departments and an extensive library of previously created open and free online resources), the overarching process and decisions presented within are likely to resonate across institutions. The potential impact of these changes and future community opportunities are also discussed.
Electromyography features during physical and imagined standing up in healthy young adults, Phitsanulok, Thailand
Authors: Srisupornkornkool Kanokwan , Sornkaew Kanphajee , Chatkanjanakool Kittithat , Ampairattana Chayanit , Pongtasom Pariyanoot , Somthavil Sompiya , Boonyarom Onuma , Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Pongpanit Khajonsak
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To compare the electromyography (EMG) features during physical and imagined standing up in healthy young adults.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty-two participants (ages ranged from 20–29 years old) were recruited to participate in this study. Electrodes were attached to the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and the medial gastrocnemius muscles of both sides to monitor the EMG features during physical and imagined standing up. The %maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC), onset and duration were calculated.

Findings

The onset and duration of each muscle of both sides had no statistically significant differences between physical and imagined standing up (p > 0.05). The %MVC of all four muscles during physical standing up was statistically significantly higher than during imagined standing up (p < 0.05) on both sides. Moreover, the tibialis anterior muscle of both sides showed a statistically significant contraction before the other muscles (p < 0.05) during physical and imagined standing up.

Originality/value

Muscles can be activated during imagined movement, and the patterns of muscle activity during physical and imagined standing up were similar. Imagined movement may be used in rehabilitation as an alternative or additional technique combined with other techniques to enhance the STS skill.
Does underconfidence matter in short-term and long-term investment decisions? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ahmad Maqsood
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to clarify the mechanism by which underconfidence heuristic-driven bias influences the short-term and long-term investment decisions of individual investors, actively trading on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

Investors' underconfidence has been measured using a questionnaire, comprising numerous items, including indicators of short-term and long-term investment decision. In order to establish the influence of underconfidence on the investment decisions in both the short and long run, a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire has been used to collect data from the sample of 203 investors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS graphics software. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

This article provides further empirical insights into the relationship between heuristic-driven biases and investment decision-making in the short and long run. The results suggest that underconfidence bias has a markedly negative influence on the short-term and long-term decisions made by investors in developing markets. It means that heuristic-driven biases can impair the quality of both short-term and long-term investment decisions.

Practical implications

This article encourages investors to avoid relying on cognitive heuristics, namely, underconfidence or their feelings when making short-term and long-term investment strategies. It provides awareness and understanding of heuristic-driven biases in investment management, which could be very useful for finance practitioners' such as investor who plays at the stock exchange, a portfolio manager, a financial strategist/advisor in an investment firm, a financial planner, an investment banker, a trader/broker at the stock exchange or a financial analyst. But most importantly, the term also includes all those persons who manage corporate entities and are responsible for making its financial management strategies. They can improve the quality of their decision-making by recognizing their behavioral biases and errors of judgment, to which we are all prone, resulting in more appropriate investment strategies.

Originality/value

The current study is the first to focus on links between underconfidence bias and short-term and long-term investment decision-making. This article enhanced the understanding of the role that heuristic-driven bias plays in the investment management and more importantly, it went some way toward enhancing understanding of behavioral aspects and their influence on the investment decision-making in an emerging market. It also adds to the literature in the area of behavioral finance specifically the role of heuristics in investment strategies; this field is in its initial stage, even in developed countries, while, in developing countries, little work has been done.
An MCDA cause-effect factors model for the implementation of Greenstone Digital Library software
Authors: Rathee Somvir , Kumar Anil , Kaushik Sudha , Kazimieras Zavadskas Edmundas , Banaitis Audrius , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The selection of effective library software not only plays an important role for students, academic staff and the library staff but also helps an institution by having the library management system more centralized. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) cause and effect factor model for the implementation of the Greenstone Digital Library (GSDL) software.

Design/methodology/approach

A thorough review of the literature is conducted to develop an initial list of the appropriate evaluation factors that play a significant role in the implementation of GSDL software. The data were collected from a domain of experts in the library sciences field. A combined approach of Delphi-DEMATEL methods is employed for the definition of these factors and to construct an MCDA cause-effect model which represents their relationships.

Findings

The DEMATEL analysis resulted in the division of all factors into two groups, causes and effects. The results show that content management, having a user-friendly interface and usability, information search and retrieval and authentication and authorization fall into the cause group. These factors directly affect the remaining factors. Content acquisition, classification, access, control and privacy management and metadata submission and support fall into the effect group. The research findings can help library professionals to make effective decisions to facilitate the successful implementation of GSDL software in a library and the enhancement of library technology.

Practical implications

The results of this study can be useful for library professionals and decision-makers to select the most appropriate software for the implementation of library technology. The study analysis shows that for GSDL, user-friendly interface and usability, information search and retrieval plus authentication and authorization factors have seven positive relationships with other factors. Secondly, content management and classification have six relationships with other factors. Thirdly, access control plus privacy and management have two relationships. Content acquisition has only one relationship with other factors. It is recommended that the user-friendly interface and usability, information search and retrieval, as well as authentication and authorization should be the initial areas of focus if GSDL is to be implemented successfully in digital libraries.

Originality/value

The proposed MCDA cause-effect model can be useful for library professionals or decision-makers in the context of selecting software to be implemented in a library and to minimize implementation costs.
Business model transformation toward sustainability: the impact of legitimation
Authors: Biloslavo Roberto , Bagnoli Carlo , Massaro Maurizio , Cosentino Antonietta
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to identify the legitimacy issues raised during a sustainable business model innovation, deployed by an Italian company, which was analyzed through the lens of the legitimation theory and the business model innovation theory.

Design/methodology/approach

A single case study methodology is employed for empirical research. Semistructured interviews, with top and middle management, were conducted together with the analysis of several internal and external documents, to corroborate the case analysis.

Findings

Results show how the potentiality of digital technologies allows the development of new sustainable business models, which, though, still need to gain legitimation to be accepted. The study findings allow drawing both on the business model innovation theory and on the legitimation theory, as they show how legitimation is a dynamic concept that involves internal as well as external stakeholders to support business model innovation.

Originality/value

The paper is novel, since it addresses the topic of sustainable business models development, showing how companies can get legitimation. The paper builds on existing theories and provides a practical example.
Assessment of turbine stages and blade numbers on modified 3D Savonius hydrokinetic turbine performance using CFD analysis
Authors: Prabowoputra Dandun Mahesa , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Hadi Syamsul , Sohn Jung Min
Published: June 2020

Purpose

In Southeast Asia, the renewable energy produced from hydropower systems has significant potential. Therefore, adequate development is needed to prevent future energy-related crises. This study, therefore, aims to determine the variations effects in geometry and the geometrical factors on turbine performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed aspects are selected to determine the blade shape, its number and multistage requirements. The study was conducted in 3D simulation, with Ansys software used to calculate a series of computational fluid dynamic problems. The aspect ratio applied in this study utilized the ratio of the overall diameter of the rotor height (D / H), which is 1.

Findings

The results showed that the highest Cp-max value, number of blades and stages were 0.2, two and three, respectively. Furthermore, these attributes combined to improve the performance of hydroturbines.

Research limitations/implications

The research was fully conducted using numerical simulation, which requires sustainable research in the form of laboratory experiments. Also, pioneer experiments were conducted using benchmarking to ensure the results obtained are reliable.

Practical implications

Hydropower is one of the best renewable energy sources in Indonesia with a large potential in the archipelago and tropical countries due to rivers and various water sources. The current generated is a useful reference for Savonius design.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is to examine the three aspects of the geometry of the rotor, such as the number and shape of blades, as well as the stages in the same boundary conditions. Therefore, the comparison of the effects of changes in geometry on turbine performance is more acceptable and complete compared to the pioneer works, which focused on a parameter. This research combines several aspects to determine the effect of rivers and various water sources on the hydroturbine.
Osmo-predried fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaf and its nutri-economic evaluation
Authors: Ajala Lawrence Olusegun , Igidi John O. , Fasuan Temitope Omolayo , Ominyi Chidinma Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Leafy vegetables are known to be highly perishable because of high moisture content, which had resulted in applications of different preservative methods. However, these methods were not without certain limitations during storage. Osmotic pre-dehydration had been proved to be a better alternative because of high retention and improvement in nutritional qualities and stability during storage. This study aims to investigate the osmotic pre-dehydration of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves.

Design/methodology/approach

Fluted pumpkin (T. occidentalis) leaves were pre-dried using sucrose, corn syrup and sodium chloride solutions as osmotic agents, while unosmo-predried leaves were used as the control. Both osmo-predehydrated and unosmo-predried leaves were dried in a hot air oven, whereas the effect of the osmotic agents on the nutritional qualities was investigated using standard protocols.

Findings

There were significant differences (p-values ranged from 0.001 to 0.030) in the proximate compositions of samples. Osmo-predried leaves recorded higher mineral contents in Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Na. Osmotic pre-dehydration by NaCl had a significant effect (p = 0.02) on ascorbic acid. The amino acid profile of the oven-dried leaves (unosmo-predried) showed that histidine and cysteine recorded high amino acid scores of 120.42% and 135%, respectively. Threonine (43.73%) recorded the highest essential amino acid score (without histidine). The economic evaluation indicated the percentage cost index difference of leaves treated with NaCl as 2.08%, sucrose (11.19%) and corn syrup (16.43%).

Originality/value

The high proportion of beneficial elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and appreciable chemical compositions of the osmo-predried leaves compared to unpre-dried leaves proved osmotic pre-dehydration as a value-added technique for preservation of leafy vegetables. The best osmotic agent was sodium chloride. This process could be applied on a small scale for the development of self-entrepreneurs and home-scale industries.
Creating operational alpha? Operating models for real estate management
Authors: McAllister Pat
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Focussing on the UK’s institutional real estate universe, this paper analyses variations in the operational management of real estate investment portfolios. For the main categories of institutional investors, the key tasks in real estate operational management, and the ways in which these tasks are typically bundled and categorised by investment managers are reviewed. Three broad operational management models are outlined. Case studies of real estate operational management models in practice are discussed.

Design/methodology/approach

The research approach is primarily descriptive, drawing upon illustrative investor case studies.

Findings

A range of operating models are identified for managing real estate investment portfolios. Specialists real estate investors tend to have highly vertically integrated operating models viewing most operational management functions as core operational capabilities. Multi-asset owners tend to have a vertically disintegrated operating model outsourcing fund, asset, property and facilities management. Investing institutions such as fund houses and specialist real estate investment advisors seem to have converged upon a common hybrid operating model with high margin, analytical functions such as fund and asset management being insourced and low margin, routine functions such as property and facilities management being outsourced.

Originality/value

Despite the size of the global, institutional real estate investment universe (estimated by DTZ to be worth more than USD 13.6 trillion in 2015), the topic of how (and how effectively) these assets are managed by institutional investors has attracted very little attention from the real estate research community. This paper provides some initial analysis and insights into operational management models for real estate investment portfolios in the contemporary real estate investment management landscape.
An evaluation of the effect of interconnectedness and the state of the relationships in a triad: a dynamic approach
Authors: Tjandra Nathalia Christiani , Ensor John , Omar Maktoba , Thomson John R.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the applicability of Ritter’s (2000) framework of interconnectedness in a triadic relationship between a provider, intermediaries and customers and to extend the framework by considering how the state of the relationships in a triad influences the relationship dynamic.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative case study research method with multiple sources of evidence was adopted in this study. The case study focusses on a triadic relationship of one of the largest UK-based financial services institutions, Provider XYZ, with independent financial advisers and customers.

Findings

The findings confirm that the synergy effect, lack effect, competition effect and by-pass effect exist in the triadic relationship. The findings also acknowledge that the state of the relationships in a triad, whether they are positive (+), negative (−) or neutral (0), combined with the identified interconnectedness effect determine the dynamic of the triadic relationship network.

Originality/value

This paper extends the existing framework of interconnectedness by considering how the change of the relationship state changes the relationship dynamic in a triad. By evaluating both the effect of interconnectedness and the state of the relationships in a triad, managers can identify and manage possible conflicts in a triad and enhance the effectiveness of the triadic relationship.
Can a supplier benefit from investing in transaction-specific investments? A multilevel model of the value co-creation ecosystem perspective
Authors: Huang Ming-Chang , Kang Min-Ping , Chiang Jui-Kun
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to build and empirically test a multilevel framework integrating transaction cost economics and a resource-based view into a value co-creation ecosystem perspective to explain the chain- and firm-level effects of transaction-specific investments (TSIs) on supplier performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper investigates cross-level network effects using survey data from the List of Taiwanese Central Satellite Production Systems. A total of 34 buyers (hub firms) and 106 suppliers (satellite firms) from 34 supply chains responded to the survey.

Findings

Findings confirm that individual firms’ TSIs can foster co-specificity at the supply chain level, thereby improving supply chain integration (SCI). SCI can have a positive cross-level moderating effect on the TSI–performance relationship.

Research limitations/implications

These two key concepts, value co-creation and co-specificity, extend the theoretical application of transaction cost theory and the resource-based view to cross-level study by contributing to the research on the TSI–performance relationship.

Practical implications

This study’s framework is a counter to the buyer–supplier–supplier relationships in which each actor who may have different goals can create value jointly and share benefits from their TSIs.

Social implications

Owing to high co-specificity, being embedded in a well-integrated supply chain can be a threat when the environment is turbulent; for losing strategic flexibility, co-specificity and embeddedness may result in a collective adaptation concern. High degrees of SCI may slow the reaction to environmental turbulence for both buyers and suppliers.

Originality/value

Individual firms’ TSIs can foster co-specificity at the supply chain level, subsequently enhancing SCI. An integrated supply chain can be a collective asset that facilitates value co-creation. Individual firms can benefit from the sharing of collective value. SCI can also increase switching costs, thus reducing the likelihood of individual firm engaging in opportunistic behavior and cost safeguarding.
Accurate profile measurement method for industrial stereo-vision systems
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Wei , Lu Yongkang , Cheng Xikang , Luo Weiqi , Di Hongtu , Wang Fuji
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Profile measurement with boundary information plays a vital role in the detection of quality in the assembly of aviation parts. The purpose of this paper is to improve the evaluation accuracy of the aerodynamic shapes of airplanes, the profiles of large-sized parts need to be measured accurately.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, an accurate profile measurement method based on boundary reference points is proposed for the industrial stereo-vision system. Based on the boundary-reference points, the authors established a priori constraint for extracting the boundary of the measured part. Combining with the image features of background and the measured part, an image-edge compensation model is established to extract the boundary of the measured part. The critical point of a laser stripe on the edge of the measured part is extracted corresponding to the boundary constraint. Finally, as per the principle of binocular vision, the profile of the measured part is reconstructed.

Finding

Laboratory experiments validate the measurement accuracy of the proposed method which is 0.33 mm. In the analysis of results between the measured data and the theoretical model, the measuring accuracy of the proposed method was found to be significantly higher than that of the other traditional methods.

Practical implication

An aviation part was measured in the part-assembly shop by the proposed method, which verified the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The research can realize the measurement of smooth surface boundary which can solve existing profile reconstruction problems for aviation parts.

Originality/value

According to the two-dimensional contour constraint, critical points of the laser strip sequence at the edge of measured part are extracted and the accurate profile reconstruction with the boundary is realized.
Thinking with theory in a civil rights center
Authors: Adams Erin C. , An Sohyun
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to propose that museums can be useful sites in intervening the theory–practice divide in teacher education. The authors draw from their visit to the Center for Civil and Human Rights (CCHR or Center hereafter) to explore the potential of a local museum as a powerful intervention in the preservice teacher education theory/practice divide.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors’ theoretical framework draws off of “thinking with theory,” a method of using concepts to make sense of data by “plugging” a concept “into” data (Jackson and Mazzei, 2011). The authors believe that everyone, even their preservice teachers think with theories in an attempt to make sense of information and events. In their social studies methods courses, the authors offer readings, texts, videos and experiences that present ideas and concepts that are new to their preservice teachers in order to expose underlying theories that frame worldviews.

Findings

The authors provide four “snapshots” or findings. These include: heroification and villainification, White–Black binary and messianic meta-narratives, empathy and simulation and critical Black patriotism. Each of these snapshots is grounded in theories from scholars in the field of social studies, demonstrating one way to put theory to work.

Originality/value

As the aforementioned snapshots show, the authors found a place like CCHR that can serve as important space to think with theory and deconstruct presented narratives. The authors “plugged” concepts from social studies scholarship “into” the narratives presented at the CCHR. Specifically, the authors used villainification (van Kessel and Crowley, 2017), AsianCrit (Chang, 1993), Black Patriotism (Busey and Walker, 2017) and messianic narratives and martyrdom (Alridge, 2006).
Sensory co‐evolution: The sex attractant of a gall‐making fly primes plant defences, but female flies recognize resulting changes in host‐plant quality
Authors: Yip Eric C. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Tooker John F. , Mescher Mark C.
Published: June 2020

Tall goldenrod plants Solidago altissima appear to eavesdrop on the communication of a specialist gall‐inducing fly Eurosta solidaginis by detecting the volatile emissions of male flies and priming anti‐herbivore defences. However, the effects of defence priming on fly fitness have not previously been demonstrated, despite some evidence that female flies avoid ovipositing on primed plants in the field.

To explore how priming affects female preferences and galling success, we manipulated exposure to the priming cue in multiple genotypes of S. altissima and assessed rates of oviposition and gall development.

Priming reduced gall formation overall; however, its effect varied across plant genotypes, as well as by the age of the male flies used for priming, possibly reflecting dosage effects (older flies produce lower emissions). Priming by younger males significantly reduced galling success, while priming by older males slightly improved it. Remarkably, female flies accurately assessed host‐plant quality by avoiding plants primed by young males while preferring those primed by older males.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that defence priming in S. altissima in response to the volatile emissions of E. solidaginis males does affect fly fitness; however, the effect of priming varied by plant genotype, suggesting that there may be variation in defensive strategies against the fly. Female flies have, in response to this defence, evolved a sophisticated ability to evaluate the quality of primed plants.
How does cultural capital keep you thin? Exploring unique aspects of cultural class that link social advantage to lower body mass index
Authors: Oude Groeniger Joost , de Koster Willem , van der Waal Jeroen , Mackenbach Johan P. , Kamphuis Carlijn B. M. , van Lenthe Frank J.
Published: June 2020

A widely used indicator for cultural class is strongly related to a lower body mass index (BMI): cultural capital measured as ‘highbrow' taste. This study’s objective was to theorise and measure aspects of cultural class that are more plausibly linked to low BMI, and subsequently explore their relevance. Building on Bourdieusian theory we derive four of those aspects: ‘refinement’ (valuing form and appearance over function and substance), ‘asceticism’ (self‐imposed constraints), ‘diversity’ (appreciation of variety in and of itself) and ‘reflexivity’ (reflexive deliberation and internal dialogue). Using standardised interviews with 597 participants in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2016, we subsequently demonstrate: (i) newly developed survey items can reliably measure four aspects of cultural class: ‘asceticism’, ‘general refinement’, ‘food refinement’ and ‘reflexivity’ (Cronbach’s alphas between 0.67–0.77); (ii) embodied/objectified cultural capital (i.e. ‘highbrow’ taste) was positively associated with general refinement, food refinement and reflexivity, whereas institutionalised cultural capital (i.e. education) was positively associated with asceticism and reflexivity; (iii) asceticism, general refinement, reflexivity, but not food refinement, were associated with a lower BMI; (iv) asceticism, general refinement and reflexivity together accounted for 52% of the association between embodied/objectified cultural capital and BMI, and 38% of the association between institutionalised cultural capital and BMI.
Prelabour uterine rupture: characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Al‐Zirqi I , Vangen S
Published: June 2020

Objective

To describe the characteristics and outcomes of prelabour uterine ruptures.

Design

Descriptive study based on population data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, the Patient Administration System and medical records.

Sample

Maternities with uterine rupture before start of labour in Norway during the period 1967–2008 (8 complete ruptures among 2 334 712 women with unscarred uteri, and 22 complete and 45 partial ruptures among 121 085 women with scarred uteri).

Method

We measured the rate of perinatal deaths and peripartum hysterectomy following ruptures. In addition, we studied the characteristics of ruptures.

Results

The eight complete ruptures in women with unscarred uteri were associated with trauma from traffic accidents (n = 3; 37.5%), previous curettage (n = 3; 37.5%) and congenital uterine malformations (n = 2; 25%), resulting in seven perinatal deaths and two hysterectomies. The 22 complete ruptures in scarred uteri were mostly outside the lower uterine segment (n = 17; 72.7%). Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) and previous rupture were present in four (18.2%) and three women (13.6%), respectively. They resulted in nine perinatal deaths (39.1%) and two hysterectomies (9.1%). The 45 partial ruptures involved mostly scars in the lower uterine segment (n = 39; 86.7%). None of them resulted in perinatal death or hysterectomy. Perinatal deaths have decreased dramatically in recent years, despite increasing prelabour rupture rates.

Conclusion

Although complete uterine ruptures before labour start were rare, they often resulted in catastrophic outcomes, such as perinatal death. Scars outside the lower segment were associated with a higher percentage of catastrophic prelabour ruptures compared with scars in the lower segment (Video S1).

Tweetable abstract

Complete prelabour uterine ruptures were rare, but resulted in high perinatal deaths, especially if they were in scars outside the lower segment.
Interpregnancy weight change and recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sorbye LM , Cnattingius S , Skjaerven R , Klungsoyr K , Wikström A‐K , Kvalvik LG , Morken N‐H
Published: June 2020

Objective

To estimate recurrence risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by interpregnancy weight change.

Design

Population‐based cohort study.

Setting and population

Data from the Swedish (1992–2010) and the Norwegian (2006–2014) Medical Birth Registries on 2763 women with GDM in first pregnancy, registered with their first two singleton births and available information on height and weight.

Methods

Interpregnancy weight change (BMI in second pregnancy minus BMI in first pregnancy) was categorised in six groups by BMI units. Relative risks (RRs) of GDM recurrence were obtained by general linear models for the binary family and adjusted for confounders. Analyses were stratified by BMI in first pregnancy (<25 and ≥25 kg/m2).

Main outcome measure

GDM in second pregnancy.

Results

Among overweight/obese women (BMI ≥25), recurrence risk of GDM decreased in women who reduced their BMI by 1–2 units (relative risk [RR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.99) and >2 units (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.89) and increased if BMI increased by ≥4 units (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.51) compared wth women with stable BMI (−1 to 1 units). In normal weight women (BMI <25), risk of GDM recurrence increased if BMI increased by 2–4 units (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.60) and ≥4 units (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.28–2.02) compared with women with stable BMI.

Conclusion

Interpregnancy weight loss reduced risk of GDM recurrence in overweight/obese women. Weight gain between pregnancies increased recurrence risk for GDM in both normal and overweight/obese women. Our findings highlight the importance of weight management in the interconception window in women with a history of GDM.

Tweetable abstract

Interpregnancy weight loss reduces recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight/obese women.
Comparison of a web‐push survey research protocol with a mailed paper and pencil protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel survey
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Couper Mick P. , Parks Michael J. , Laetz Virginia , Schulenberg John E.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The experiment tested the effects of a web‐push survey research protocol, compared with the standard mailed paper‐and‐pencil protocol, among young adults aged 19–30 years in the ‘Monitoring the Future’ (MTF) longitudinal study.

Design, Setting and Participants

The US‐based MTF study has measured substance use trends among young adults in panel samples followed biennially, using consistent mailed survey procedures from 1977 to 2017. In 2018, young adult participants in the MTF longitudinal component scheduled to be surveyed at ages 19–30 in 2018 (from high school senior cohorts of 2006–17, n = 14 709) were randomly assigned to receive the standard mail/paper survey procedures or new web‐push procedures.

Measurements

Primary outcomes were responding to the survey and prevalence estimates for past 30‐day use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and illicit drugs.

Findings

The web‐push response rate was 39.07% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37.889, 40.258]; this was significantly better than the standard MTF response rate of 35.12% (95% CI = 33.964, 36.285). After adjusting for covariates, the web‐push condition was associated with a 19% increase in the odds of responding compared with standard MTF (adjusted odds ratio = 1.188; 95% CI = 1.096, 1.287). Substance use prevalence estimates were very similar and differences became negligible when using attrition weights and controlling for socio‐demographic characteristics.

Conclusions

The web‐push protocol produced a higher response rate than the mailed pencil and paper protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel study, without substantially affecting estimates of substance use once attrition weights and socio‐demographic variables were factored in.
Developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use initiation in high school
Authors: Cho Junhan , Goldenson Nicholas I. , Kirkpatrick Matthew G. , Barrington‐Trimis Jessica L. , Pang Raina D. , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: June 2020

Aims

To identify prototypical developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use and co‐use initiation during adolescence, and determine risk factors for and consequences of these initiation patterns.

Design

Prospective repeated‐measures cohort with eight semi‐annual assessments during high school. Multiple‐event process survival mixture modeling identified latent initiation classes with distinct patterns of variation in timing of use initiation of tobacco products and cannabis. We then estimated: (1) associations of baseline risk factors with membership in initiation classes and (2) differences between initiation classes in frequency of cannabis and tobacco product use at the final assessment.

Setting

Ten high schools in the Los Angeles, CA, USA metropolitan area, 2013–17.

Participants

Students [1031 (45.4%) males; mean (standard deviation) age at baseline = 14.6 (0.39) years] who had never used any tobacco products or cannabis at baseline 9th grade assessment (n = 2272).

Measurements

Self‐report measures of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette), combustible cigarette, hookah, cigar/cigarillos and cannabis use were collected at each assessment.

Findings

Four distinct tobacco and cannabis use initiation classes were identified: (1) early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 116; 5.1%); (2) early cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 172; 7.6%); (3) late cannabis and e‐cigarette initiators (n = 431; 19.0%); and (4) abstainers (n = 1553; 68.4%). At baseline, older age for the early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10, 1.35, P < 0.001], peer cannabis use (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.08, P < 0.001) and delinquent behavior (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55, P = 0.004) were associated with membership in the three initiation classes (versus abstainers). Membership in the early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators class (versus three other classes) was significantly associated with increased past 30‐day frequency and daily intensity of use at the final assessment (P‐values < 0.001).

Conclusions

Older age, peer cannabis use and delinquent behavior appear to be risk factors for the initiation of tobacco/cannabis product use among high school students in the Los Angeles metropolitan region. Early and higher‐risk polyproduct use initiation appears to be associated with greater escalation of past 30‐day and daily tobacco and cannabis use at the end of the high school.
Changes from 2017 to 2018 in e‐cigarette use and in ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes among US adolescents: analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Barbouni Anastasia , Niaura Raymond
Published: June 2020

Aims

To examine changes from 2017 to 2018 in e‐cigarette use and ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes among US adolescents.

Design

Analysis of data from the 2017 and 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), cross‐sectional surveys of US middle school (grades 6–8) and high school (grades 9–12) students.

Setting

United States.

Participants

US adolescent population from middle school, with mean age = 12.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.0] years, and high school, with mean age = 16.1 (SD = 1.3) years.

Measurements

Analysis of e‐cigarette use and ever use of marijuana with e‐cigarettes according to frequency of use and smoking status, comparing 2017 with 2018. Frequent smoking and e‐cigarette use was defined as use for ≥ 20 of the past 30 days.

Findings

Past 30 days e‐cigarette use was reported by 33.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 29.1–37.4%] of ever/no past 30 days smokers, 68.6% (95% CI = 64.1–72.7%) of past 30 days smokers and 7.2% (95% CI = 6.3–8.2%) of never smokers in 2018 and by 19.3% (95% CI = 16.1–23.1%), 53.0% (95% CI = 46.9–58.9%) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.7–4.4%) in 2017, respectively (all P < 0.001). Prevalence of past 30 days e‐cigarette use was higher among frequent smokers (69.8%, 95% CI = 62.3–76.5% in 2018; 53.8%, 95% CI = 44.1–63.2% in 2017, P < 0.001) and lower among never smokers. Most of the latter were infrequent users, while frequent and daily e‐cigarette use was 18‐ and 24‐fold lower compared with ever smokers, respectively. Approximately half of past 30 days and 70% of frequent e‐cigarette users reported ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes in both years. Past 30 days smokers were more likely to report past 30 days e‐cigarette use [odds ratio (OR) = 15.79, 95% CI = 12.58–19.83 in 2018; OR = 16.11, 95% CI = 12.44–20.86 in 2017) compared with adolescents reporting no past 30 days smoking.

Conclusions

Among US adolescents, e‐cigarette use increased in all smoking groups in 2018 compared with 2017. Frequent and daily e‐cigarette use was far lower in never‐smokers compared with ever‐smokers. High prevalence of ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes was observed.