bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germi-X herbal-based spray disinfects smartphone surfaces: implication on fomite-mediated infection spread
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Kanchan , Haldar Swati , Varshney Anurag
Published: March 2022

Inanimate objects/surfaces become fomites upon contacting infectious agents such as disease-causing bacteria, fungi and viruses. Smartphones are one of the most prominent among these fomites. COVID-19 pandemic has raised the awareness on mobile sanitization, as an active measure to curb fomite-mediated viral transmission. Available mobile sanitizers and ultraviolet (UV) ray mediated mobile sanitization have their own sets of pros and cons, often being less user-friendly. This study explored the germicidal efficacy of an herbal-based sanitizer, Germi-X spray, on hands and mobiles, through microbiological techniques of micro-broth dilution and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay, thumb print assay and swab test. Notably, Germi-X spray was found to be 6–67% more effective against surface pathogens, like, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as compared to a very popular product in the Indian market, which was taken as a control for this study. The observed anti-bacterial activity of the spray from disc-diffusion assay suggests its greater surface retentivity as compared to the control. Germicidal potency of Germi-X spray, when used to sanitize hands, was found to be greater than 80%. There was ~ 17-fold reduction in microbial counts after sanitizing smartphones with Germi-X spray. The novelty of this study lies in providing experimental evidence for this herbal-based surface sanitizer in efficiently disinfecting one of the super contaminated fomite, the smartphones. In conclusion, having an herbal base with a high germicidal efficacy against surface pathogens, together with longer surface retention, Germi-X spray appears to be an eco-friendly and cost-effective sanitizer for the surfaces of electronic gadgets like smartphones.
Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs as crucial regulators in cardio-oncology
Authors: Nukala Sarath Babu , Jousma Jordan , Cho Yoonje , Lee Won Hee , Ong Sang-Ging
Published: March 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant improvements in the modern era of anticancer therapeutic strategies have increased the survival rate of cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is believed to result from anticancer therapies. The emergence of cardiovascular diseases among cancer survivors has served as the basis for establishing a novel field termed cardio-oncology. Cardio-oncology primarily focuses on investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms by which anticancer treatments lead to cardiovascular dysfunction and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies to counteract cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies. Advances in genome biology have revealed that most of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are recognized as being instrumental in cancer, cardiovascular health, and disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated that alterations of these ncRNAs have pathophysiological roles in multiple diseases in humans. As it relates to cardio-oncology, though, there is limited knowledge of the role of ncRNAs. In the present review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicities. Moreover, we also discuss prospective therapeutic strategies and the translational relevance of these ncRNAs.
The promoting effects of activated olfactory ensheathing cells on angiogenesis after spinal cord injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Jiang Chao , Zhang Yongyuan , Chen Zhe , Fan Hong , Zhang Yuyang , Wang Zhiyuan , Tian Fang , Li Jing , Yang Hao , Hao Dingjun
Published: March 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the pro-angiogenic potential of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) activated by curcumin (CCM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Vascular endothelial cells or tissues were cultured and treated with conditioned medium (CM) extracted from activated OECs activated through the addition of LPS and CCM or unactivated controls. Concomitantly, the pro-angiogenic potential of OECs was assessed in vitro by aortic ring sprouting assay, endothelial wound healing assay, CCK-8 assay, and tube formation assay. Subsequently, the OECs were co-cultured with endothelial cells to evaluate their promoting effect on endothelial cell proliferation and migration following a mechanical scratch. Moreover, the spinal cord injury (SCI) model in rats was established, and the number of endothelial cells and vascular structure in the injured area after SCI was observed with OEC transplantation. Finally, the underlying mechanism was investigated by western blot analysis of phosphorylated kinase expression with or without the MK-2206 (Akt-inhibitor).

Result

The present results showed that the activated OECs can effectively promote vascular endothelial cells' proliferation, migration, and vessel-like structure formation. Strikingly, several pro-angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF-A and PDGF-AA, which facilitate vessel formation, were found to be significantly elevated in CM. In addition, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was found to be involved in pro-angiogenic events caused by activated OEC CM, displaying higher phosphorylation levels in cells. In contrast, the delivery of MK2206 can effectively abrogate all the positive effects.

Conclusions

OECs activated by LPS and CCM have a pro-angiogenic effect and can effectively promote angiogenesis and improve the microenvironment at the injury site when transplanted in the injured spinal cord. This potentiated ability of OECs to provide pro-angiogenic effects is likely mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Early warning of impending flash flood based on AIoT
Authors: Sung Wen-Tsai , Devi Ihzany Vilia , Hsiao Sung-Jung
Published: March 2022

According to data from the Earth's Volcano and Geological Disaster Reduction Center, a country like Indonesia has experienced many natural disasters, one of which is flooding. Floods are an annual natural disaster, especially on mountain slopes. Mountainous areas experience more dangerous than floods than the urban areas because they can cause other natural disasters, such as landslides and damage the hiking trails. The steep and winding roads minimize and limit the number of officers working in the mountains. Therefore, flood detection and monitoring equipment is needed. The proposed system based on AIoT technology provides real-time flood analysis so that the authorities can monitor residents around mountainous areas and provide early warning. This research focuses on the flood observation system as an early warning system to effectively monitor the flood-prone mountain slopes in real time while taking into account the cost, time efficiency, and safety measurement. The proposed system design includes the integration of sensors into the microcontroller, and the communication between the posts using LoRa and SIM900 sends data to the cloud server via the Internet. All sensor readings for each post are displayed on the app, and alerts are sent via SMS and the app.
Sufficient conditions for assignability of nonuniform dichotomy spectrum of discrete time-varying linear systems
Authors: Babiarz Artur , Czornik Adam , Siegmund Stefan
Published: March 2022

We consider a version of the pole placement problem for tempered one-sided linear discrete-time time-varying linear systems. We prove a sufficient condition for assignability of the nonuniform dichotomy spectrum by linear feedback. The main result is that the nonuniform dichotomy spectrum is assignable if the system is completely controllable and certain lower asymptotic bound for the controllability Gramian holds.
Decision-based interactive model to determine re-opening conditions of a large university campus in Belgium during the first COVID-19 wave
Authors: Denoël Vincent , Bruyère Olivier , Louppe Gilles , Bureau Fabrice , D’orio Vincent , Fontaine Sébastien , Gillet Laurent , Guillaume Michèle , Haubruge Éric , Lange Anne-Catherine , Michel Fabienne , Hulle Romain Van , Arnst Maarten , Donneau Anne-Françoise , Saegerman Claude
Published: March 2022

Background

The role played by large-scale repetitive SARS-CoV-2 screening programs within university populations interacting continuously with an urban environment, is unknown. Our objective was to develop a model capable of predicting the dispersion of viral contamination among university populations dividing their time between social and academic environments.

Methods

Data was collected through real, large-scale testing developed at the University of Liège, Belgium, during the period Sept. 28th-Oct. 29th 2020. The screening, offered to students and staff (n = 30,000), began 2 weeks after the re-opening of the campus but had to be halted after 5 weeks due to an imposed general lockdown. The data was then used to feed a two-population model (University + surrounding environment) implementing a generalized susceptible-exposed-infected-removed compartmental modeling framework.

Results

The considered two-population model was sufficiently versatile to capture the known dynamics of the pandemic. The reproduction number was estimated to be significantly larger on campus than in the urban population, with a net difference of 0.5 in the most severe conditions. The low adhesion rate for screening (22.6% on average) and the large reproduction number meant the pandemic could not be contained. However, the weekly screening could have prevented 1393 cases (i.e. 4.6% of the university population; 95% CI: 4.4–4.8%) compared to a modeled situation without testing.

Conclusion

In a real life setting in a University campus, periodic screening could contribute to limiting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic cycle but is highly dependent on its environment.
Student satisfaction survey: a key for quality improvement in the higher education institution
Authors: Kanwar Anita , Sanjeeva Meghana
Published: March 2022

India has witnessed a rapid expansion in the higher education institutions and with this fast pace of growth day by day, competition has set in among the institutes. Before taking admission in an institution student assess the facilities and standard of the institution by referring to the website, other admission portals and by taking peer opinion and public perception. Educational institutions around the world are now requesting students’ feedback on all elements of academic life in the form of a satisfaction feedback questionnaire. The goal of this research is to describe the development and implementation of a survey to assess undergraduate and postgraduate student satisfaction. The Student Satisfaction Survey is a useful and effective instrument that tries to focus resources on areas, where there is low satisfaction but high importance. This paper gives detailed information about the methodology, calculation and outcome of the exercise utilizing Likert scale analysis. With the recent emerging trends, this innovative method offers flexibility to integrate more parameters, group certain parameters to get feedback on a particular issue and transmute the type of questions with changing environment and structure. The analysis is done using a statistical method. The survey result directly highlights the importance and flexibility of method to evaluate overall satisfaction, satisfaction cognate to a single parameter and satisfaction for questions grouped together underlining some paramount aspects of higher education.
The effect of externally attached archival data loggers on the short-term dispersal behaviour and migration speed of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)
Authors: Verhelst Pieterjan , Aarestrup Kim , Hellström Gustav , Jepsen Niels , Koed Anders , Reubens Jan , Sjöberg Niklas , Svendsen Jon Christian , Kristensen Martin Lykke
Published: March 2022

Background

Externally attached archival data logging tags are increasingly used to unravel migration routes of fish species at sea. Due to the relatively large size of the tags, their application on seaward migrating anguillid eels often forms a challenge in terms of feasibility and impact on the eel’s swimming performance. In this study, we investigated the impact of externally attached pop-up data storage tags (PDSTs) on the departure direction, time spent at the release location and ground speed of European eels (Anguilla anguilla).

Results

We tagged 66 eels with internal acoustic transmitters of which half of the eels were additionally tagged with externally attached PDSTs. A network of acoustic receivers allowed us to analyse if the dispersal behaviour (i.e. residence time and departure direction) from the release site differed between eels tagged with and without the PDSTs. In addition, we tracked the eels for ca. 83 km in the marine environment and determined their migration speed. The results showed no differences between eels tagged with or without external PDSTs in respect of the external tagging effect on residence time (n = 60), departure direction at the release site (n = 60) or on the migration speed (n = 20).

Conclusions

We conclude that the impact of the PDSTs is minimal on these metrics for at least the first part of the marine migration. While these field-based findings suggest that anguillid eels may be largely unaffected by the applied PDSTs, we recognize that more research is needed in both the field and the laboratory to study the impact of PDSTs and externally attached tags in general on fish swimming performance and energy expenditure. This can help interpret the results from the field, but also aid developing more hydrodynamic tag shapes or improved attachment methods.
The bacterial community of childcare centers: potential implications for microbial dispersal and child exposure
Authors: Beasley D. E. , Monsur M. , Hu J. , Dunn R. R. , Madden A. A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Bacterial communities within built environments reflect differences in sources of bacteria, building design, and environmental contexts. These communities impact the health of their occupants in many ways. Children interact with the built environment differently than do adults as a result of their unique behaviors, size, and developmental status. Consequently, understanding the broader bacterial community to which children are exposed will help inform public health efforts and contribute to our growing understanding of the bacterial community associated with childcare centers.

Methods

We sampled childcare centers to survey the variation in bacterial community composition across five surfaces found inside and outside twelve classrooms and six centers using 16S rRNA marker gene amplicon sequencing. We then correlated these bacterial community analyses of surfaces with environmental and demographic measures of illumination and classroom occupant density.

Results

The childcare environment was dominated by human-associated bacteria with modest input from outdoor sources. Though the bacterial communities of individual childcare centers differed, there was a greater difference in the bacterial community within a classroom than among centers. Surface habitats—fomites—within the classroom, did not differ in community composition despite differing proximity to likely sources of bacteria, and possible environmental filters, such as light. Bacterial communities did correlate with occupant density and differed significantly between high and low usage surfaces.

Conclusions

Our results suggest built environments inhabited by young children are similar to functionally equivalent built environments inhabited by adults, despite the different way young children engage with their environment. Ultimately, these results will be useful when further interrogating microbial dispersal and human exposure to microorganisms in built environments that specifically cater to young children.
Does Vibration Foam Roller Influence Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alonso-Calvete Alejandra , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Pérez-Ferreirós Alexandra , Kalén Anton , Abelairas-Gómez Cristian , Rey Ezequiel
Published: March 2022

Background

Foam rolling has been extensively investigated, showing benefits in performance and recovery. Recently, vibration has been added to foam rollers, with hypothesized advantages over conventional foam rollers. However, there is no systematic evidence in this regard.

Objective

To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis about the effects of vibration foam roller (VFR) on performance and recovery.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and SportDiscus according to the PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes included performance (jump, agility and strength) and recovery variables (blood flow, pain and fatigue) measured after an intervention with VFR. The methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale. A random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results

Initially, 556 studies were found and after the eligibility criteria 10 studies were included in the systematic review and 9 in the meta-analysis. There was no significant effects on jump performance (SMD = 0.14 [95% CI − 0.022 to 0.307]; p = 0.101; I2 = 1.08%) and no significant beneficial effects were reported on isokinetic strength (SMD = 0.16 [95% CI − 0.041 to 0.367]; p = 0.117; I2 = 9.7%). Recovery appears to be enhanced after VFR interventions, but agility does not seem to increase after VFR interventions.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that VFR could have great potential for increasing jump performance, agility, strength and enhancing recovery. Further research is needed to confirm the effects of VFR on performance and recovery.

Trial Registration This investigation was registered in PROSPERO with the code CRD42021238104.
What works for peer review and decision-making in research funding: a realist synthesis
Authors: Recio-Saucedo Alejandra , Crane Ksenia , Meadmore Katie , Fackrell Kathryn , Church Hazel , Fraser Simon , Blatch-Jones Amanda
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Allocation of research funds relies on peer review to support funding decisions, and these processes can be susceptible to biases and inefficiencies. The aim of this work was to determine which past interventions to peer review and decision-making have worked to improve research funding practices, how they worked, and for whom.

Methods

Realist synthesis of peer-review publications and grey literature reporting interventions in peer review for research funding.

Results

We analysed 96 publications and 36 website sources. Sixty publications enabled us to extract stakeholder-specific context-mechanism-outcomes configurations (CMOCs) for 50 interventions, which formed the basis of our synthesis. Shorter applications, reviewer and applicant training, virtual funding panels, enhanced decision models, institutional submission quotas, applicant training in peer review and grant-writing reduced interrater variability, increased relevance of funded research, reduced time taken to write and review applications, promoted increased investment into innovation, and lowered cost of panels.

Conclusions

Reports of 50 interventions in different areas of peer review provide useful guidance on ways of solving common issues with the peer review process. Evidence of the broader impact of these interventions on the research ecosystem is still needed, and future research should aim to identify processes that consistently work to improve peer review across funders and research contexts.
Transthoracic echocardiography indices as a biomarker in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed M.
Published: March 2022

Background

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) refers to a nonlacunar, nonatherosclerotic infarct in the absence of cardioembolic source or other specific causes of stroke. The presence of ESUS strokes indicates that the conventional risk factors cannot fully account for the pathogenesis of stroke. It is very important to detect useful biomarkers of the risk of ESUS for appropriate 2ry prevention.

Results

The present study showed significant increase in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) measured by left ventricular mass index and increased left atrial volume index, measuring left atrial dilatation, among ESUS patients.

Conclusions

Patients with ESUS tended to have Echocardiographic features of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as LVH and left atrial dilatation. Therefore, they should be considered as biomarkers for cardioembolic cerebrovascular accidents with the consideration of anticoagulation with new oral anticoagulants as a primary preventive measure.
A new aspect on the correlation of ten SNPs in MIR and their target genes in dopaminergic pathways in schizophrenia
Authors: Molaei Ali , Agahi Mohadeseh , Malekian Mahtash , Moradhasel Bahareh , Tajrezaee Ardalan , Lajevardi Ava , Salahshourifar Iman , Mahdavi Hezaveh Niloufar , Javadi Gholamreza , Noormohammadi Zahra
Published: March 2022

Background

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Different studies indicated a complex polygenic control over SCZ. In the present study, we investigated the potential correlation between ten SNPs among MicroRNA (MIR) and their target genes; rs369770942, rs143525573, rs200982455, rs530404895, rs753764536, rs374732351, rs4680, rs165599, rs340597269, and rs10759, and schizophrenia in the Iranian population.

Results

The results revealed that the T allele in rs200982455 increased the risk factor by 3.19 times. We obtained a significant association between rs165599 and schizophrenia in codominant, dominant, and overdominant inheritance models (P = 0.016,P = 0.01,P = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, the risk of schizophrenia increased in the presence of the G allele in rs165599 up to 2.12, 2.35, and 2.28 times, respectively. The A allele in rs10759 increased the risk factor up to 1.05 times.

Conclusion

Our finding showed that some of the studied SNPs within the genes and MIRs involved in the dopaminergic pathway may consider as a biomarker in the diagnostic patterns in Schizophrenia.
Single injection of very mild dose botulinum toxin in the vastus lateralis improves testicular spermatogenesis and sperm motility in ageing experimental mice
Authors: Radhakrishnan Risna Kanjirassery , Ravichandran Sowbarnika , Sukesh Aishwarya , Kadalmani Balamuthu , Kandasamy Mahesh
Published: March 2022

Background

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a widely used therapeutic agent that blocks the excessive release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Previously, repeated intracremasteric injections and slight overdose of BoNT have been reported to induce adverse effects in the testicular parameter of experimental rodents. However, a mild dose of BoNT is highly beneficial against skin ageing, neuromuscular deficits, overactive urinary bladder problems, testicular pain and erectile dysfunctions. Considering the facts, the possible therapeutic benefits of BoNT on the testis might be achieved at a very minimal dosage and via a distal route of action. Therefore, we revisited the effect of BoNT, but with a trace amount injected into the vastus lateralis of the thigh muscle, and analyzed histological parameters of the testis, levels of key antioxidants and sperm parameters in ageing experimental mice.

Results

Experimental animals injected with 1 U/kg bodyweight of BoNT showed enhanced spermatogenesis in association with increased activities of key antioxidants in the testis, leading to enhanced amount of the total sperm count and progressive motility.

Conclusions

This study signifies that a mild intramuscular dose of BoNT can be considered as a potent treatment strategy to manage and prevent male infertility.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure: a multicenter Egyptian experience
Authors: Nour Amira , Abdelrazik Yasmeen , Huessin Safaa , Kamel Heba
Published: March 2022

Background

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has gained acceptance over the last two decades, replacing the surgery in more than 90% of the cases, so the safety and efficacy of transcather closure of PDA have been evaluated by studying different experiences from different centers in developing countries. The aim is to report our experience with PDA transcather closure, with focus on the adverse events and complications faced during the procedure.

Results

Outcome data on PDA transcatheter closure were collected from two different tertiary centers in a multicenter registry. During the period from June 2017 till January 2021, 308 PDA closure were recorded, using device in 197 (64%) and coils in 111 (36%) patients, most of the patients were in pediatric age group from 6 months to 6 years and only 10 patients (3.2%) were adults. Most patients had isolated PDA of 92%, and 9 (2.9%) patients had residual PDAs either post-surgical or transcatheter closure. Median minimum PDA diameter was 2.8 mm (range 1–7.6 mm; IQR 1.8–3.8 mm). The procedure was successful in 293 patients (95%). Complications occurred in 15/308 patients (5%), and only 6 (2%) of them were major complications, but none was life threating. Frequent complications were device embolization (2%), hemolysis (1%), arrhythmia (1%). Younger age, low body weight and longer procedure time were associated with a high complication rate (p < 0.005). Device-related complications were more common than coil-related complications (2.5% versus 0.5%).

Conclusions

Although transcatheter closure of PDA is considered to be effective procedure with low complications rate, however, complications should be anticipated and managed properly.
Opportunities to improve policy dissemination by tailoring communication materials to the research priorities of legislators
Authors: Smith Natalie R. , Mazzucca Stephanie , Hall Marissa G. , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Brownson Ross C. , Frerichs Leah
Published: March 2022

Background

Communicating research to policymakers is a complex and difficult process. Ensuring that communication materials have information or design aspects that appeal to groups of policymakers with different priorities could be a substantive improvement over current dissemination approaches. To facilitate a more nuanced design of policy communication materials and message framing, we identified and characterized groups of state legislators based on how they prioritize different characteristics of research.

Methods

We used deidentified data collected in 2012 on 862 state legislators belonging to the US liberal-moderate-conservative ideological spectrum and from all 50 US states. Legislators were grouped using latent class analysis based on how they prioritized 12 different characteristics of research (e.g., research is unbiased, presents data on cost-effectiveness, policy options are feasible). We fit initial models using 1–6 group solutions and chose the final model based on identification, information criteria, and substantive interpretation.

Results

Most legislators placed a high priority on research that was understandable (61%), unbiased (61%), available at the time that decisions are made (58%), and brief and concise (55%). The best model identified four groups of state legislators. Pragmatic consumers (36%) prioritized research that was brief and concise, provided cost-effectiveness analyses, and was understandably written. Uninterested skeptics (30%) generally did not place a high priority on any of the research characteristics. Conversely, one-quarter of legislators (25%) belonged to the Highly Informed Supporters group that placed a high priority on most characteristics of research. Finally, Constituent-Oriented Decision Makers (9%) prioritized research that was relevant to their constituents, delivered by someone they knew or trusted, available at the time decisions were made, and dealt with an issue that they felt was a priority for state legislative action.

Conclusions

To maximize the impact of dissemination efforts, researchers should consider how to communicate with legislators who have distinct preferences, values, and priorities. The groups identified in this study could be used to develop communication materials that appeal to a wide range of legislators with distinct needs and preferences, potentially improving the uptake of research into the policymaking process. Future work should investigate how to engage skeptical legislators.
The Arg82Cys Polymorphism of the Protein Nepmucin Implies a Role in HDL Metabolism
Authors: Metz Sophia , Krarup Nikolaj T , Bryrup Thomas , Støy Julie , Andersson Ehm A , Christoffersen Christina , Neville Matt J , Christiansen Malene R , Jonsson Anna E , Witte Daniel R , Kampmann Ulla , Nielsen Lars B , Jørgensen Niklas R , Karpe Fredrik , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O , Hansen Torben
Published: March 2022

Context

Blood lipid levels are linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease and regulated by genetic factors. A low-frequency polymorphism Arg82Cys (rs72836561) in the membrane protein nepmucin, encoded by CD300LG, is associated with lower fasting concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and higher fasting triglycerides. However, whether the variant is linked to postprandial lipids and glycemic status remains elusive.

Objective

Here, we augment the genetic effect of Arg82Cys on fasting plasma concentrations of HDL subclasses, postprandial lipemia after a standardized high-fat meal, and glycemic status to further untangle its role in HDL metabolism.

Methods

We elucidated fasting associations with HDL subclasses in a population-based cohort study (Oxford BioBank, OBB), including 4522 healthy men and women. We investigated fasting and postprandial consequences on HDL metabolism in recall-by-genotype (RbG) studies (fasting: 20 carrier/20 noncarrier; postprandial: 7 carrier/17 noncarrier), and shed light on the synergistic interaction with glycemic status.

Results

A lower fasting plasma concentration of cholesterol in large HDL particles was found in healthy male carriers of the Cys82 polymorphism compared to noncarriers, both in the OBB (P = .004) and RbG studies (P = .005). In addition, the Cys82 polymorphism was associated with low fasting plasma concentrations of ApoA1 (P = .008) in the OBB cohort. On the contrary, we did not find differences in postprandial lipemia or 2-hour plasma glucose levels.

Conclusion

Taken together, our results indicate an association between the Arg82Cys variant and a lower concentration of HDL particles and HDLc, especially in larger HDL subclasses, suggesting a link between nepmucin and HDLc metabolism or maturation.
Safer If Connected? Mobile Technology and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Pesando Luca Maria
Published: March 2022

Mobile phones are an invaluable economic asset for low-income individuals and an important tool for strengthening social ties. They may also help women overcome physical boundaries, especially those who are separated from support networks and are bound within their husbands' social spheres. Using micro-level data on women and men from recent Demographic and Health Surveys, including new information on mobile phone ownership, this study examines whether women's ownership of mobile phones is associated with their likelihood of having experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) across 10 low- and middle-income countries. Findings show that women's ownership of mobile phones is associated with a 9%–12% decreased likelihood of emotional, physical, and sexual violence over the previous 12 months, even after controlling for characteristics proxying for socioeconomic status, household resources, and local development within the community. Estimates are negative in seven out of the 10 countries and results are robust to the use of nonparametric matching techniques and instrumental variables built through georeferenced ancillary sources. In exploring two potential mechanisms, I show that mobile phone ownership is positively associated with women's decision-making power within the household (decision-making power) and male partners' lower acceptability of IPV (attitudes). Findings speak to scholars and policymakers interested in how technology diffusion relates to dynamics of women's empowerment and global development.
Hans Blumenberg and Leonardo
Authors: Endres Johannes
Published: March 2022

Hans Blumenberg’s, frequently oblique, reflections on art rank among the most erudite in twentieth-century theories of art. The following investigations focus especially on his views on the visual arts as they unfold from his critical reception of Leonardo da Vinci’s art and science. At the center of such a reception stands a preeminent image concept of the Renaissance, the “window image,” and its epistemological implications, which Blumenberg counters with a skeptical attitude toward the mimetic aesthetics of images. In doing so, he contradicts Paul Valéry’s influential interpretation of Leonardo’s “method,” which Blumenberg discusses at great length, just to cut short the ambiguities of Renaissance perspective as a “symbolic form.”
No More Than Seeing: Hans Blumenberg’s Poetics of Spectatorship
Authors: Helbig Daniela K.
Published: March 2022

Hans Blumenberg is known as much for his theoretical focus on unsayability as he is for his ostentatious reclusiveness. This article argues that Blumenberg’s figure of the spectator connects these two elements. Blumenberg’s social and theoretical retreat to a spectatorial position bears distinctive traces of his attempt at finding new ways to do philosophy after 1945. As much a departure from as a legacy of his early attempts to critically renew scholarly practice with the working group Poetics and Hermeneutics, the figure of the spectator served Blumenberg as a means of self-stylization and embodied his striving at the descriptive representation of unsayability. Blumenberg’s theoretical figure of the distanced yet critically engaged spectator is distinguished both from Martin Heidegger’s notion of thinking as action and from Edmund Husserl’s positioning of the philosophical spectator as removed from the empirical world. The figure of the theoros, the spectator, absorbs the ambition of bringing into view the unsayable and of articulating the conditions for this spectatorial act.
Metal-Free Aerobic C–H Oxidation of Methylarenes to Aromatic Aldehydes by Sulfur-Containing Tetracyclic Compounds as Visible-Light Photocatalysts
Authors: Shibata Takanori , Akino Mika , Sekine Ayato , Ito Mamoru
Published: March 2022

Oxidation of benzylic sp3 C–H bonds smoothly proceeded at ambient temperature under blue LED (465 nm) photo-irradiation using sulfur-containing tetracyclic compounds as photocatalysts. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) as a co-solvent was the key to success: various toluene derivatives were selectively oxidized to substituted benzaldehydes without over-oxidation. Preliminary mechanism studies were undertaken, including electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy analyses.
Type, Intensity, and Duration of Exercise as Regulator of Gut Microbiome Profile
Authors: Suryani Dini , Subhan Alfaqih Muhammad , Gunadi Julia Windi , Sylviana Nova , Goenawan Hanna , Megantara Imam , Lesmana Ronny
Published: March 2022

Gut microbiome profile is related to individual health. In metabolic syndrome, there is a change in the gut microbiome profile, indicated by an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Many studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on modifying the gut microbiome profile. The effectiveness of exercise is influenced by its type, intensity, and duration. Aerobic training decreases splanchnic blood flow and shortens intestinal transit time. High-intensity exercise improves mitochondrial function and increases the essential bacteria in lactate metabolism and urease production. Meanwhile, exercise duration affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. All of these mechanisms are related to each other in producing the effect of exercise on the gut microbiome profile.
Persistent COVID and a Return to Sport
Authors: Giusto Elisa , Asplund Chad A.
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID) has become a global pandemic that has widely impacted athletes at all levels of competition. For many athletes infected with COVID, the course is mild or asymptomatic, and most athletes are able to return to play in a matter of weeks. However, 10% to 15% of people infected with COVID will go on to have prolonged COVID symptoms that last for weeks to months and impact their ability to function and exercise. Not much is known about why certain people become “COVID long-haulers,” nor are there any predictive tools to predetermine who may have prolonged symptoms. However, many athletes will suffer from prolonged symptoms that may require further evaluation and may prolong their return to exercise, training, and competition. The purpose of this article is to discuss a framework in which sports medicine and primary care physicians can use to evaluate COVID long-haulers and help them return to sport.
Τα miRNAs ως προγνωστικοί και προβλεπτικοί δείκτες στην Ακτινοθεραπεία του πρώιμου καρκίνου του προστάτη
Authors: Κάχρης Στέφανος
Published: March 2022

Η ακτινοθεραπεία αποτελεί βασική θεραπευτική επιλογή για τους ασθενείς με εντοπισμένο καρκίνο του προστάτη. Δεν υπάρχουν μέχρι τώρα οι κατάλληλοι βιοδείκτες που να προβλέπουν το αποτέλεσμα της θεραπείας και να υποδεικνύουν μία ομάδα ασθενών σε μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο για αρνητική εξέλιξη της νόσου, ώστε να λαμβάνονται έγκαιρα κατάλληλες θεραπευτικές αποφάσεις. Στην παρούσα μελέτη ερευνήσαμε τη σημασία της έκφρασης τεσσάρων miRNAs στην κλινική έκβαση ασθενών που υποβλήθηκαν σε ακτινοθεραπεία και τη συσχέτισή τους με συγκεκριμένες κυτταρικές οδούς μέσω βιοπληροφορικής ανάλυσης. Τα επίπεδα έκφρασης των miR-21, miR106b, miR-141 και miR-375 εκτιμήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο RT-qPCR στον ορό 56 ασθενών που έπασχαν από καρκίνο του προστάτη πριν και μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία. Τα χαμηλά επίπεδα έκφρασης του miR-106b πριν από την ακτινοθεραπεία συσχετίστηκαν με εξωκαψική επέκταση νόσου και διήθηση σπερματοδόχων κύστεων (p=0.031 και 0.044, αντίστοιχα). Στην υποομάδα ασθενών υψηλού κινδύνου (n=47), τα επίπεδα έκφρασης του miR-21 μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία ήταν υψηλότερα στους ασθενείς που εμφάνισαν βιοχημική υποτροπή σε σύγκριση με τους υπόλοιπους (p=0.043). Στην υποομάδα ασθενών που έλαβαν ακτινοθεραπεία διάσωσης, (n=20), τα επίπεδα έκφρασης μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία των miR-21 και miR-106b ήταν υψηλότερα στους ασθενείς που εμφάνισαν βιοχημική υποτροπή σε σχέση με αυτούς που δεν εμφάνισαν (p=0.043 και p=0.032, αντίστοιχα). Στο σύνολο των ασθενών της μελέτης, τα υψηλά επίπεδα έκφρασης του miR-21 πριν την ακτινοθεραπεία και του miR-106b μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία συσχετίστηκαν με στατιστικά σημαντική μικρότερη ολική επιβίωση (p=0.049 και p=0.050, αντίστοιχα). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν συσχετίσεις των επιπέδων έκφρασης των miR-141 και miR-375 με κλινικοπαθολογικά χαρακτηριστικά ή την έκβαση της νόσου. Η βιοπληροφορική ανάλυση αποκάλυψε σημαντικό εμπλουτισμό σε οδούς απόκρισης στη βλάβη του DNA.Συμπερασματικά, τα κυκλοφορούντα miRNAs πριν από ή μετά την ακτινοθεραπεία είναι πιθανό να έχουν προγνωστική σημασία σε ασθενείς που πάσχουν από καρκίνο του προστάτη.
Prevalence of risk factors for obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in high school children and screening of high-risk children for glycosuria: A cross-sectional study in Dharwad District, India
Authors: Jahagirdar Shubhashri , Bant Dattatraya D. , Kurugodiyavar Mahesh D , Godbole Maneesha
Published: March 2022

Background: India is currently undergoing a demographic and epidemiological transition leading to the occurrence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, which were once considered as disease of the elderly among the adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dharwad district, Karnataka, including 1600 students between 11–17 years age group, across both private and government schools located in both rural and urban areas; information on socio-demographic variables, physical activity, dietary habits, substance abuse, and family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and level of stress among participants was collected. Anthropometric measurements were taken, blood pressure was measured, general physical examination was done to look for signs of insulin resistance. Urine was examined for the presence of glucose using urine glucose strips in overweight children with ≥2 risk factors (American Diabetes Association criteria for children).

Results: Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 4.6% and hypertension was 14.8%. Multivariate logistic regression done for variables found significant in univariate analysis on comparison of risk factors between overweight and normal children showed higher odds for family h/o diabetes (OR = 1.14, CI: 0.58–2.23), private school (OR = 1.5, CI: 0.75–2.96), high socio-economic status (OR = 2.0, CI: 0.95–4.30), hypertension (OR = 2.0, CI: 0.95–4.30) and acanthosis nigricans (OR = 219, CI: 71.49–672.42) among overweight and for variables found significant in univariate analysis on comparison of risk factors between hypertensives and normotensives showed higher odds for inadequate sleep (OR = 1.4, CI: 1.00–1.87), private school (OR = 1.32, CI: 0.96–1.81), high SES (OR = 1.43, CI: 0.95–2.14), psychological stress (OR = 1.97, CI: 1.42–2.73) and obesity (OR = 6.98, CI: 3.75–12.98).

Conclusions: Health education on healthy diet consumption and physical activity, BMI calculation and tracking of blood pressure should be integrated into school health programs.
Developing the RIGHT extension statement for practice guideline protocols: the RIGHT-P statement protocol
Authors: Luo Xufei , Akl Elie A. , Zhu Ying , Lv Meng , Liu Xiao , Song Yang , Wang Ping , Wang Jianjian , Song Xuping , Amer Yasser S. , Litvin Andrey , Chen Yaolong
Published: March 2022

Background: A protocol for a practice guideline can facilitate the guideline development process, ensure its transparency, and improve the quality of the guidelines. However, there are currently no reporting guideline for guideline protocols.

Methods: We intend to develop an extension of the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) statement for guideline protocols (RIGHT-P). We will follow the toolkit for developing a reporting guideline developed by the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) network. We will form a multidisciplinary international team of experts. The development of RIGHT-P will be conducted in 12 steps grouped in three stages over a two-year period.

Results: The results of RIGHT-P statement will be presented in an article to be published later.

Conclusion: This report describes the process of RIGHT-P statement development. We believe RIGHT-P will help guideline developers improve the reporting of guideline protocols and indirectly improve their quality and the quality of guidelines.

Registration: We registered the protocol on the EQUATOR network.
Recurrence in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a prospective cohort study with long follow-up from a coastal region in South-West India
Authors: Gandrala Divya , Gupta Nitin , Lavu Alekhya , Nallapati Vishnu Teja , Guddattu Vasudeva , Saravu Kavitha
Published: March 2022

Background: India is endemic forPlasmodium vivax(Pv)malaria.Despite a decrease in incidence, its elimination ishampered by recurrences. This study aimed to characterize recurrences inPvmalaria and study its association with primaquine (PQ) usage.

Methods: Symptomatic adultPvpatients were followed-up for up to 23 months for recurrences. The time to recurrence was compared by the PQ dosage they received using a log-rank test.

Results:Of the 294 malaria patients, 206 (70%) patients hadPvinfection during the study period. A total of 20 (9.7%) recurrences were seen in 17 (8.2%) patients ofPv. The percentage of first-time recurrences were highest in the no PQ group (25%), followed by the weekly PQ group (20%), low dose daily PQ (8.2%) group, and high dose daily PQ group (3.1%).

Conclusions:Recurrence inPvmalaria is common, especially in those who receive an inappropriate prescription of primaquine.
Human health risk assessment of some important trace elements in boneless whole chicken meat
Authors: Al-Subeihi Ala' Ali Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Background: Excessive trace element exposure has been linked to a variety of harmful health impacts. The goal of this study was to track the amounts of several trace elements in boneless whole chicken samples collected from various shops in Amman, Jordan.

Methods: Using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 30 samples were collected and examined for aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The calculated health risk in Jordanians was based on the measured concentrations of these elements.

Results: The element concentrations were such that Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Cr > As > Pb > Cd > Hg, with As, Cu, Mn, and Zn exceeding the maximum allowable levels. The combined THQs for these trace elements, on the other hand, were 25.22, a value > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic effects in adult population. As, Cd, and Cr had cancer risk factors that were 46.80, 8.81, and 41.42 times higher than the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10-5), respectively.

Conclusions: Current research shows that Jordanian consumers are at risk of eating boneless whole chicken.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ГОВОРЯЩИХ ИМЕН СОБСТВЕННЫХ В НАРТОВСКОМ ЭПОСЕ
Authors: BIZIKOEVA L.S.
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the problem of translation of anthroponyms. Difficulties arising in the process of translation are analyzed. The analysis was based on the translation of the Narts Tales into the Russian language. The analysis revealed that translating anthroponyms in general and charactonym in particular translators do not always employ transcription or transliteration. It is a tough process which requires a wide range of strategies a translator has in his disposal.
“Myroslava” and “Khrystyna” drinking mineral waters modulate the state of neuroendocrine-immune complex and metabolism in patients of Truskavets’ spa
Authors: Gozhenko Anatoliy , Hrytsak Myroslava , Popovych Dariya , Badiuk Nataliya , Żukow Xawery
Published: March 2022

Background. Earlier in an experiment on rats we showed that newly created sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium drinking mineral waters "Myroslava" and "Khrystyna" of Truskavets’ spa has a significant modulating effects on the parameters of metabolism and the autonomic nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Adhering to the principle "Ex experimento ad clinic", we continued research in this direction with the participation of patients of the resort. We showed that these mineral waters have favorable effects on metabolic, HRVs, EEGs, endocrine and immune parameters. This article presents an integrated assessment of previously identified effects. Materials and Methods. The object of clinical-physiological observation were 34 men aged 23-70 years, who underwent rehabilitation treatment of chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis in remission in the Truskavets’ spa. The examination was performed twice, before and after a 7-10-day course of balneotherapy. All patients received bioactive water Naftussya, however, 11 men additionally drank water "Khrystyna", and the other 11 men water "Myroslava". The subject of the study were the parameters of the neuroendocrine-immune complex and metabolism. Results. The complex balneotherapy by interval use of sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium mineral waters with Naftusya water causes significant changes in the constellation of EEGs, HRVs, endocrine, metabolic and immune parameters, which are different from the effects of Naftusya water monotherapy. Own effects of mineral waters are estimated by modeling. In general, the effects are physiologically favorable and have a normalizing nature. Conclusion. The newly created sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium drinking mineral waters of Truskavets’ spa have favorable neuroendocrine, metabolic and immune effects on patients with chronic cholecystitis and pyelonephritis.