bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مساهمة منهج التربية الإسلامية في تنمية الذكاءات المتعددة من وجهة نظر طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في محافظة الأحمدي بدولة الكويت The contribution of the Islamic education curriculum to the development of multiple intelligences from the Viewpoint of Middle School Students in Ahmadi Governorate in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Talal Alfadhli Sarah Adel , Mohamed Adnan Mohamed Azrien , Wan Mokhtar Wan Rohani
Published: December 2023

This study aims to identify the extent to which the contribution of the Islamic education curriculum to the development of multiple intelligences from the point of view of middle school students in the governorate of Ahmadi, Kuwait. The study population consisted of Female students of Baraka Bint Al-Numan school, and male students of Mubarak Abdullah Al-Jaber School in Kuwait. A qualitative and quantitative methods approach was used in this study, in which the researchers used a convenience sampling method to select the study sample. The study population consisted of 350 male and female students. A total of 322 questionnaires were successfully collected for analysis. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data which consisted of 33 items. To obtain the results of this study, descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used. The study concluded as follows: 1) The Islamic education curriculum contributes to developing multiple intelligences from the point of view of middle school students in the Ahmadi Governorate in the State of Kuwait. 2) There is a statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the study sample on the contribution of Islamic Education Book content in developing multiple intelligences of grade and cumulative average, except gender. 3) There is no statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the study sample on the contribution of teachers in the development of multiple intelligences personality variables (gender, grade, and cumulative average). 4) There is no statistically significant difference at 0.05 level between the study sample on the contribution of educational activities in the development of multiple intelligences on gender and cumulative rate except for grade.
Editorial: Pairing old with the new: Firm performance, ESG, and big data
Authors: Babaghaderi Azadeh
Published: December 2023

This issue revisits foundational concepts while presenting novel empirical evidence from developed and emerging markets examining corporate performance from multifaceted perspectives.
MINERALES EN EL TRABAJO POR AMBIENTES EN LOS CURSOS DE TRANSICIÓN: ¿ES POSIBLE LA INTEGRACIÓN DESDE LAS CIENCIAS NATURALES?UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN AULAS MULTIGRADO
Authors: Sáez Bondía María José , Mateo González Ester , De Marco María , Lucha López Pedro
Published: December 2023

La integración desde las ciencias permite al alumnado dotar de significado el aprendizaje de determinados temas desde diferentes puntos de vista. Este trabajo, contextualizado en aulas multigrado que trabajan por ambientes, evalúa el nivel de integración detectado en una actividad sobre minerales y la percepción de las maestras participantes sobre las fortalezas y dificultades observadas en esta integración. Para ello, se ha analizado la aplicación de la actividad empleando un cuaderno de investigador, grabaciones realizadas durante las asambleas y el uso de un cuestionario abierto en el que se planteaba a las maestras participantes preguntas relacionadas con las fortalezas y dificultades detectadas. Los resultados muestran un nivel de integración interdisciplinar que es percibido por la la mayoría de las maestras participantes. Respecto a las fortalezas declaradas, las maestras detectan que los aprendizajes adquiridos sobre minerales durante el proceso de diseño han contribuido a incrementar en cierta medida su seguridad ante la temática. Sin embargo, detectan como problemático encontrar conexiones con algunas disciplinas, en parte, debido a su percepción sobre el conocimiento sobre el tema. Consideran fundamental los apoyos externos y de compañeros, así como la presencia de literatura sobre enseñanza de los minerales para poder desarrollar la actividad desde un enfoque integrado. Estos resultados, recogidos en otros contextos, se discuten, ampliando frentes sobre los que investigar las ventajas e inconvenientes del trabajo por ambientes en las primeras etapas educativas para alcanzar una integración.
UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DAS PUBLICAÇÕES QUE ARTICULAM EDUCAÇÃO LIBERTADORA E EDUCAÇÃO CIÊNCIA-TECNOLOGIA-SOCIEDADE (CTS) NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Da Silva Wilson Antonio , Do Nascimento Firme Ruth
Published: December 2023

Neste trabalho considera-se que os pressupostos da Educação Libertadora e da Educação CTS, quando articulados, contribuem para a democratização das decisões acerca de questões sociais que envolvem a ciência e a tecnologia e para um ensino de Ciências que proporcione uma visão crítica do mundo. Visando corroborar com os estudos sobre a articulação dessas perspectivas, este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de analisar publicações sobre a articulação entre Educação Libertadora e a Educação CTS na área de ensino de Ciências no contexto brasileiro. A partir de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa da literatura, no período de dez anos (2012-2022), foram considerados como dados da pesquisa: anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC); seis periódicos acadêmico-científicos dos estratos A1 e A2 da área de ensino de Ciências definidos pelo Qualis da CAPES, na avaliação quadrienal de 2017-2020; e o repositório do IBICT na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). A revisão integrativa evidencia que a articulação entre a Educação Libertadora e a Educação CTS: tem diferentes propósitos, dentre os quais, o redirecionamento político no ensino de Ciências; é realizada por diversas maneiras, como, por exemplo, por meio da Investigação Temática; promove possibilidades, tais como, reconfigurações curriculares balizadas na perspectiva crítica e no contexto social; e encerra limitações como o distanciamento entre pressupostos freireanos e alfabetização científica.
The Impact of Strategy Implementation on the Performance of Ugandan State Agencies: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Nuwagaba Arthur , Angima Caren , Kisekka Namateefu Lydia , Mugizi Tom
Published: December 2023

This study examines how strategy implementation affects Ugandan state agencies’ performance. It conceptualizes strategy implementation as operationalization and institutionalization, and measures performance by efficiency and effectiveness. This study surveyed 160 state agencies using a cross-sectional design and a structured questionnaire. The top management team (TMT) members of each agency, including CEO/Managing Director, Deputy/Assistant CEO, Corporation Secretary, and Heads of Department, were the respondents. At least three TMT members from each agency participated in the online survey, which was chosen due to the COVID-19 restrictions. The data analysis methods were factor analysis, descriptive, and multilinear regression analysis. The study adhered to the ethical principles of informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity. Ugandan state agencies perform better when they implement their strategies effectively. The statistical analysis reveals that institutionalization is a key driver of performance outcomes, with a positive and highly significant coefficient (p < 0.000). On the other hand, operationalization has a positive but insignificant coefficient (p = 0.140), indicating a weak link between operationalization and performance. These findings highlight the importance of aligning the strategy with the organization’s internal environment. The study provides invaluable contribution the realm of strategic management, particularly within the public sector, focusing primarily on the performance of state agencies in Uganda. It is groundbreaking research that explores this relationship in a developing country. It methodically examines the profound effect that the execution of various strategies has on these entities. This study contributes to the strategic management literature in the public domain. The insights and recommendations derived from this study are valuable for professionals and policymakers involved in creating and implementing strategic plans within the public sector. This study offers practical and theoretical contributions for strategy implementation and performance in public sector contexts. It suggests that state agency managers and policymakers should foster a supportive culture, enhance leadership skills, facilitate communication channels, allocate adequate resources, and adapt to environmental changes to improve strategy execution and outcomes. It also adds to the literature on strategic management in public sector contexts, especially in developing countries.
The Efficacy of Recombinant Drugs in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: M Norizadeh
Published: December 2023

The SARS-CoV2 virus, which causes COVID-19, is a potentially fatal illness that raises serious global public health concerns. By leveraging the spike protein’s exceptional specificity, researchers have harnessed it as a valuable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2. To treat and cure those struggling with COVID-19, a variety of medications, including remdesivir, dexamethasone, baricitinib, ivermectin are also employed, as well as recombinant protein drugs (Bamlanivimab, Casirivimab/Imdevimab, Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab, and Sotrovimab). The aim of this study is to look into how these kinds of drugs affect people. Overall, due to the information achieved from different results, it can be seen that each monoclonal antibody has its own effect, which can be different among different variants. In conclusion, it should be notice that it is better that antibodies target not only the spike protein but also other proteins as well. This review examined that in order to defeat the SARSCoV2 it must be better to use the combination of monoclonal antibodies like VIR-7831 which was mentioned before. Due to the information achieved by several manuscripts the combined use of both antibodies and antivirals must be considered as well.
Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti Döneminde Kale Kuşatmalarında Uygulanan Yöntem ve Teknikler
Authors: ÇITAK Mesut
Published: December 2023

Selçuklu Türkleri 26 Ağustos 1071 Malazgirt Savaşı’nın ardından Anadolu’yu yurt edinmek maksadıyla fetih hareketlerinde bulundular. Bu fetih hareketlerinin büyük kısmını kale muhasaraları oluşturmaktadır. Kale muhasaraları kendine özgü taktiği ve teknolojisi olan savaşlar olup hem kuşatan hem de kuşatılan açısından meydan savaşlarına göre daha riskli savaşlardır. Meydan savaşları birkaç saat içinde olup biterken kuşatma savaşları günler hatta aylarca sürebiliyordu. Bu süreç içinde kuşatıcı orduda açlık ve bulaşıcı hastalıklar ortaya çıkabiliyordu. Bu nedenle kuşatmanın baştan sona tüm ayrıntılarıyla planlanması ve en kısa sürede bitirilmesi gerekmekteydi. Gelişigüzel yapılan plansız bir kuşatma kalabalık orduların az sayıdaki savunucular karşısında mağlup olmasına neden olabiliyordu. Ortaçağın simgesi haline gelmiş kaleler Anadolu’nun her yanına yayılmıştı. Anadolu Selçukluları kuşatma stratejisini doğru planlayarak ve kuşatmaya uygun silah teknolojisini kullanarak bahsi geçen bu kaleleri ele geçirebilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Anadolu Selçuklularının kale kuşatmasını nasıl planladıklarını, kuşatmanın aşamalarını ve kuşatmada kullandıkları silahların neler olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışacağız.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN APLIKASI GUNA BINAAN OLEH PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DAERAH PERBATASAN INDONESIA - MALAYSIA
Authors: Budi Prasetya Damianus
Published: December 2023

Human life over time has been greatly influenced by technological advancements. With the progress of knowledge and technology, humans have been able to create various tools that make tasks more effective and efficient. This is especially evident in the field of education. Various technological developments are utilized in education to assist teachers and other stakeholders working in this domain. The rapidly evolving technology has made it easier for individuals to access specific information, a fact recognized by a school supervisor working in a border region between Indonesia and Malaysia. To aid all teachers under their supervision, the supervisor developed an Android-based application. This development prompted researchers to conduct a study to investigate the implementation of the Guna Binaan application policy, examining it within the theoretical framework of policy and exploring its benefits for teachers who implement this policy. The research methodology employed by the researchers is qualitative descriptive research. This type of research aims to describe the condition and status of a phenomenon using words or sentences, which are then categorized based on the data to draw conclusions. Based on the data collected through interviews with informants and policy implementation analysis conducted with reference to education policy experts' theories, it can be concluded that the Guna Binaan application policy has been successful. The policy was executed in line with policy theories, employing five key components of a well-designed education policy: goals, plans, programs, decisions, and impacts. These five components are interconnected and support one another
PENGOPTIMALAN PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH SEBAGAI MEDIATOR KONFLIK DI SMA NEGERI 2 DEDAI
Authors: Sosialisman Sosialisman , Suharto Suharto , Junanto Tulus
Published: December 2023

SMA Negeri 2 Dedai experiences various kinds of conflicts in the school environment. These conflicts include: Conflict between students, conflict between teachers, conflict between teachers and students and conflict between teachers and parents. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the impact of conflict on school performance and student welfare at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai, (2) to develop appropriate strategies in handling conflicts at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai. and (3) to improve the quality of conflict management at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai by optimizing the role of the principal as a conflict mediator. The benefits of the research are (1) Providing an understanding of the importance of handling conflicts at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai, (2) Providing appropriate solutions in handling conflicts at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai, and (3) Improving the role of the principal as a conflict mediator at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai. Descriptive qualitative research approach was used in this study. This research used purposive random sampling technique and this research utilized observation, interview, and document analysis instruments. Data analysis is in the form of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification. The results of this study present findings regarding conflicts found in SMA Negeri 2 Dedai. The forms of conflict that occur are interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup conflicts. The types of conflicts that researchers get 1) Conflicts between students. 2) Conflict between students and teachers 3) Conflict between teachers and parents and 4) Conflict between teachers and teachers. It is hoped that the results of this study can provide valuable insights for principals, teachers, and school staff in improving their ability to manage conflict at SMA Negeri 2 Dedai.
PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN MANAJEMEN KELAS MELALUI PENDEKATAN GROUP PROCESS DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH 4 MALANG
Authors: Laila Efendi Anggi , Diva Pujiaryanti Anindya , Umniyya Anisatul , Aditya Satriatama Dandy , Anggia Rahmania Dwi , Fatimatuzzahroh Fatimatuzzahroh , Maisyaroh Maisyaroh
Published: December 2023

Classroom management is a skill that teachers must have in deciding, understanding, and utilizing class potential to create a conducive classroom atmosphere and achieve learning goals with the aim of creating a classroom atmosphere as a comfortable place for teaching and learning activities so that learning activities can run effectively and efficiently. . Class management at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Malang uses a democratic style which can be interpreted as a leadership style with efforts to develop one's capacity as a leader by directing subordinates to always be successful, open to accepting various suggestions and criticism from subordinates and prioritizing teamwork. The purpose of this article is to (1) explain the process of classroom management and learning and (2) explain the application of the group process approach. This article explains the results of observations made by researchers at the place used as the research location. In the research process, researchers used interview techniques, documents and observations to confirm the results of research conducted at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Malang. The management process discussed in this article is implementation, application and management problems which are expected to provide insight and provide input and suggestions for educational institutions to implement and optimize their services, especially in managing classroom management and learning in their schools. Apart from that, it is hoped that this article can provide an overview of the urgency of Class Management and the application of learning management in the successful management of an educational institution or school
Synthesis, Biological and Acidic Properties of Novel 2-Methoxy-6-[(3-Alkyl/Aryl-4,5-Dihydro-1H- 1,2,4-Triazol-5-one-4-yl)-Azomethin]-Phenyl p-Nitrobenzoate Derivatives
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey, Yüksek Haydar , Medetalibeyoğlu Hilal ,   Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey, Karadağ Mehmet ,   Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey, Manap Sevda ,   Department of Chemistry, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
Published: December 2023

3-Alkyl/Aryl-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (2) reacted with 2-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3) to afford the corresponding 2-methoxy-6-[(3-alkyl/aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)-azomethin]-phenyl p-nitrobenzoates (4). The acetylation reactions of compounds 4 were investigated, and 5 type N-acetyl derivatives were obtained. The newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized. Also, in vitro antibacterial activities of the fourteen new compounds were screened against six bacteria according to agar well diffusion method. Finally, the newly synthesized 4 type compounds were titrated potentiometrically with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) in five non-aqueous solvents.
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution by Nano Graphene Oxide
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Jawad Nizar A. , Naife Tariq M. ,   Chemical Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: December 2023

The study's objective is to produce and evaluate Nano Graphene Oxide (GO) before using it for batch adsorption to remove heavy metals (vanadium V+5, nickel Ni+2, and cadmium Cd+2) ions from aqueous solutions polluted with these metals, which were used to imitate the contaminating elements found in the liquid industrial wastewater of the Doura oil refinery in Baghdad, Iraq. This study used a modified Hummers method to synthesize. The main constituents in preparation GO were graphite powder (40-100 micron), H2SO4 acid, and KMnO4 powder. The GO structure synthesized and optical properties were investigated by FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX. The effects of various parameters were investigated to obtain the most efficient removal of V+5, Ni+2, and Cd+2, where pH of the acidic function is 7–8. The agitation speed was 375 RPM, with 150 minutes of equilibrium time for all metal ions. The removal efficiency is inversely associated with the temperature, where the highest removal is at 20 °C and the lowest at 50 °C. For Cd+2 and Ni+2, the appropriate amount of GO was 0.5 g, while for V+5, it was 0.6 g.
INFLUENCE OF SALES PROMOTION, DIRECT MARKETING, AND PERSONAL SELLING ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION
Authors: Kurniawan Roni , Suhermin Suhermin
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of integrated marketing communication (Integrated Marketing Communication): sales promotion, personal selling and direct marketing on purchase interest either partially or jointly. The research method used is descriptive method with statistical calculations analyzed using the SPSS program. To measure the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis was used to include the classical assumption test (normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test), validity testing, reliability testing and partial effect testing and F test. The results showed that sales promotion, direct marketing, and personal selling together have an influence on consumer buying interest by 90.6% while the remaining 9.4% is influenced by other factors that are thought to be public relations and advertising and other factors. However, for partial testing, only direct marketing and personal selling variables have an influence on buying interest, while sales promotion variables have no effect. Consumers' purchase intention in WPS Office application products can be influenced by promotional programs that attract consumers' attention, live, active and interactive relationships with consumers and direct sales programs that provide comprehensive information. Thus, the three factors above can have an influence on consumer purchase interest in the WPS Office application.
THE INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PAINTING AND BODY REPAIR DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES AT AUTO 2000 KENJERAN SURABAYA
Authors: Styawan Hardika Prayudi , Riharjo Ikhsan Budi
Published: December 2023

This study discusses human resource management regarding individual characteristics, job characteristics and work environments that affect the performance of employees in the painting and body repair department at Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya. The total population is all employees who work at Auto2000 Kenjeran Surabaya Paint and Body Repair, totaling 32 employees. The analysis technique used is the validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, R2 test, t test and F test. The results of the research carried out can be explained that there is a partial influence between individual character (X1) on employee performance in the Painting and Body Repair Section at Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya. There is a partial influence between job characteristics (X2) on employee performance in the Painting and Body Repair Section at Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya. There is a partial influence between the physical work environment (X3) on the performance of employees in the Painting and Body Repair Section at Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya. There is a simultaneous influence between individual character variables (X1), job characteristics (X2) and physical work environment (X3) on employee performance in the Painting and Body Repair Section at Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya.
THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY IN COMPANIES IN RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Lino Rival , Fidiana Fidiana
Published: December 2023

Occupational health and safety are one of the requirements set out in the economic relationship of trade in goods and services between countries that must be met by all countries including Indonesia. Therefore as much as possible and as early as possible the potential for work accidents must be prevented or at least reduced in impact. There are various resources needed in running a company's business such as capital, materials and machinery and no exception the company also needs human resources, namely workers, then workers who are expected by the organization are certainly workers who can work productively, namely those who are able to produce optimal work productivity as planned. The purpose of this study includes knowing the influence of the application of occupational safety and occupational health with the productivity of employees. This research method is categorized as explanatory research with a quantitative approach with sampling in several large companies in Riau Province. In the results of the study obtained Occupational Safety and Health has a significant effect on work productivity.
REDEFINIENDO LA INTERACCIÓN HUMANA: EL ROL TRANSFORMADOR DE LA INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL, BLOCKCHAIN, INTERNET DE LAS COSAS Y CRIPTOMONEDAS EN NUESTRA SOCIEDAD
Authors: Vargas Bruce
Published: December 2023

En este artículo, se dará una visión de cómo la IA habilita a las máquinas para realizar tareas que normalmente requerirían inteligencia humana, variando desde el análisis de datos hasta la toma de decisiones autónomas; por otro lado, la tecnología del blockchain, será de vital importancia para garantizar la confianza y la propiedad en un ambiente digital. Luego, se mostrará las bondades del IoT que permiten un grado de sincronización y recolección de datos sin precedentes en nuestro entorno. También se analiza las criptomonedas, una forma descentralizada que desafían las convenciones financieras tradicionales. La convergencia de estas tecnologías promete transformar radicalmente numerosos aspectos de nuestras vidas, desde cómo trabajamos hasta cómo interactuamos con el mundo que nos rodea. Finalmente se expone una reflexión sobre el impacto colectivo de estas tecnologías, destacando la necesidad de políticas y regulaciones bien informadas para maximizar sus beneficios y minimizar sus riesgos potenciales.
Educación transinclusiva en Educación Física: el estudio de un caso
Authors: Sanchis-Francés Lucia , Valencia-Peris Alexandra , Martos-García Daniel
Published: December 2023

La escuela es un agente socializador de primer orden con un rol crucial dentro del cambio de actitudes hacia el colectivo LGTBIQ+. El ámbito de la Actividad Física y el Deporte es un espacio cisheteronormativo donde generalmente miembros de dicha comunidad tienden a sufrir discriminación. A partir de una metodología cualitativa basada en un estudio de caso de una alumna transgénero en una escuela concreta, se pretende evidenciar hasta qué punto determinadas prácticas educativas dentro del área de Educación Física son transinclusivas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto (1) las buenas prácticas realizadas por la escuela para que ésta se identifique como transinclusiva y (2) los retos aún pendientes para garantizar una educación igualitaria y basada en la diversidad donde sean reconocidas todas las identidades de género.

L’escola és un agent socialitzador i amb un rol crucial dintre del canvi d’actituds envers el col·lectiu LGTBIQ+. L’àmbit de l’Activitat Física i l’Esport és un espai heteronormatiu on generalment membres d’aquesta comunitat no tenen cabuda. A partir d’una metodologia qualitativa basada en un estudi de cas d’una alumna transgènere en un centre concret, es pretén evidenciar fins a quin punt determinades pràctiques educatives dins l’àrea d’Educació Física són transinclusives. Els resultats presenten (1) les bones pràctiques realitzades per l’escola perquè aquesta s’identifique com a transinclusiva i (2) els reptes encara pendents per garantir una educació igualitària i basada en la diversitat on siguen reconegudes totes les identitats de gènere.
Seasonality of natural transmission of bovine anaplasmosis under desert mountain range conditions
Authors: Zaugg Jerry L.
Published: December 2023

Splenectomized cattle and mature, splee-nintact cattle were used as sentinels in a 4-year study to assess the seasonality of naturally transmitted anaplasmosis. Sentinels were exchanged and/or monitored monthly on 4 study areas of desert mountain range land in Idaho, Oregon, and Utah. Acute Anaplasma infections were diagnosed in sentinels every month of the year. Of 44 total infections, 29 (66%) were detected during March through August, the primary arthropod season. From December through February, 8 (18%) of the total 44 Anaplasma infections were diagnosed; the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus, was the probable disease vector. Susceptible cattle were determined to be at risk throughout the year, and anaplasmosis should be considered as a possible diagnosis in cattle with anemia during any season.
Differential antibody responses to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis
Authors: Ellis J.A. , Hawk D.A. , Holler L.D. , Mills K.W. , Pratt D.L.
Published: December 2023

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cell wall and bacteria-free supernatant with exotoxin preparations as antigens, and hemolysis inhibition tests were used to detect antibodies in the sera of adult range sheep with naturally acquired caseous lymphadenitis (CL). The extent and severity of lesions were quantitated on the basis of a lesion score, derived from an examination of the carcass (peripheral lymphoid tissue) and viscera (including internal lymphoid tissue) at the time of slaughter. The overall prevalence of C pseudotuberculosis-positive CL lesions in 104 sheep was 31.7%. The cell wall ELISA detected antibodies in 96.9% (32/33) of sheep with C pseudotuberculosis- positive CL lesions. The exotoxin ELISA detected antibodies in 84.8% (28/33) of positive sheep in the same group. Both ELISA resulted in a high number of apparent false-positives, with 64.7% and 49.2%, respectively, positive optical density (OD) values in sheep with no gross CL lesions and no apparent C pseudotuberculosis infection. There was no significant relationship between the extent of lesion development (lesion score) and op values in both cell wall (r = 0.472) and exotoxin (r = 0.464) ELISA. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between the titer of antitoxin antibodies, as measured by the hemolysis inhibition test, and the extent of disease. These investigations indicate that those ELISA that use crude C pseudotuberculosis antigens are of questionable utility in the field, where C pseudotuberculosis infection is endemic in many sheep populations. Furthermore, these studies suggest that antibodies that are reactive with components of C pseudotuberculosis and that develop in response to infection may have little impact on the recovery of the host.
Efficacy of chlorpheniramine maleate for management of pruritus in cats
Authors: Miller William H. , Scott Danny W.
Published: December 2023

Chlorpheniramine maleate was administered orally (2 mg, q12 h) to 26 cats with pruritic skin disease. Pruritus was completely eliminated in 19 cats, and was reduced by 50% in 1 cat. Six cats had no response to treatment. Serious or long-lasting clinical side effects were not observed in any cat.
Metallic foreign bodies in the mouth or pharynx of horses: Seven cases (1983-1989)
Authors: Kiper Mary Lou , Wrigley Robert , Traub-Dargatz Josie , Bennett Dwight
Published: December 2023

Seven horses with metallic foreign bodies in the mouth or pharynx were examined at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1983 to 1989. The horses had variable clinical signs, such as purulent nasal discharge, swelling of the throatlatch area, and dyspnea. Most of the horses had clinical signs for more than 2 weeks, and had no or only temporary improvement with conservative medical treatment (antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The definitive diagnostic test in all of the cases was radiography, which also aided in the plan for surgical removal of the foreign body. Once the foreign body was removed from each of the horses, their clinical signs resolved. Most of the foreign bodies were small pieces of wire, the sources of which could not be determined, but that may have been incorporated in baled hay.
Plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis in cats 40 cases (1973-1991)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Rosychuk Rod A. W. , Janik Thomas A. , Denerolle Phillipe , Schultheiss Patricia
Published: December 2023

Clinical signs, laboratory findings, and treatment results of 40 cats with the histologic diagnosis of plasma cell stomatitis-pharyngitis are discussed. Median age was 7.1 years, with no discernable sex predilection. Anorexia and difficulty prehending food were the most common clinical signs. Hyperproteinemia with associated hyperglobulinemia was the most common laboratory finding. Of various treatments, administration of corticosteroids or injectable gold (aurothioglucose) proved most effective in controlling the clinical signs.
Effects of alternation of drug classes on the development of oxibendazole resistance in a herd of horses
Authors: Uhlinger Christine , Kristula Michaela
Published: December 2023

Anthelmintic schedules that alternate between drug classes are widely used in horses. However, the results of investigations in which ovine nematode parasites were used have established that alternation of drug classes does not delay the development of drug resistance. This field study was designed to assess the effect of alternation of drug classes on the development of oxibendazole (obz) resistance in benzimidazole (bzd)-resistant equine small strongyles.

A privately owned herd of horses was used for this study. These animals grazed the same pasture and had been treated with the same anthelmintic schedule for several years. Prior studies had determined that the animals were parasitized with bzd-resistant small strongyles. The herd was divided into 2 groups of 20 and 21 horses. Group-1 horses were given obz 6 times a year and had a total of 25 treatments with the drug. Group-2 horses were given obz 3 times a year, in alternation with non-bzd drugs, and had a total of 16 treatments.

Statistical analysis revealed no difference between groups for the change in pretreatment fecal egg count following treatments 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, and 16. Alternation of drug classes did not effect the development of drug resistance in this trial.

The efficacy of obz decreased with repeated treatments with the drug. By treatment 13, the efficacy, as evaluated by the fecal egg count reduction test, had decreased to < 70% in both groups.
Chronic frontal sinusitis in dairy cattle: 12 cases (1978-1989)
Authors: Ward Jeffrey L. , Rebhun William C.
Published: December 2023

Chronic frontal sinusitis in 12 dairy cattle most often was associated with a history of dehorning, in which the sinus was entered (67%), or with respiratory tract disease (25%). The most common organisms isolated were Actinomyces pyogenes and Pasteurella multocida. Signs of infection did not develop for months in some cattle and were often intermittent. The most common clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, fever, frontal bone distortion, exophthalmos, abnormal posture, nasal discharge, and neurologic abnormalities.

Treatment consisted of trephination at 2 sites, drainage and lavage of the sinus cavity, and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. Eight cattle responded well to treatment and were discharged, but 4 others had signs of cns involvement and died or were euthanatized.

Trephination of the frontal sinus cavity at carefully chosen sites and antibiotic treatment are indicated when sinusitis is suspected. Drainage of the sinus cavity is imperative to avoid extension of the infection into the cns.
Comparison of applanation tonometers in dogs and horses
Authors: Dziezyc Joan , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Smith William B.
Published: December 2023

Two Mackay-Marg tonometers and 2 Tono-Pen tonometers were evaluated in eyes in which intraocular pressure (iop) had been altered and measured by use of a manometer. Eyes of anesthetized dogs and enucleated horse eyes were used. Compared with the manometer, none of the tonometers accurately measured iop over the range between 0 and 100 mm of Hg. However at manometer measurements from 0 to 30 mm of Hg, several of the tonometers accurately measured iop. In addition, significant differences were observed when the measurement accuracy of one tonometer was compared with that of another, especially at high iop. Coefficient of determination (r2) values for a linear model ranged from 0.979 to 0.991 in dogs, and from 0.982 to 0.996 in horse eyes.
Radioimmunoassay monitoring of thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs on thyroid replacement therapy: 2,674 cases (1985-1987)
Authors: Nachreiner R. F. , Refsal K. R.
Published: December 2023

Serum iodothyronine concentrations from 4,064 samples submitted for monitoring of thyroid replacement therapy were evaluated in a retrospective study. After exclusion of samples because of the presence of 3,5,3’ triiodothyronine (T3) autoantibodies, insufficient numbers of dogs on some commercial preparations or medication with corticosteroids or synthetic T3 preparations, data from 2,674 dogs remained. Data were analyzed by using information on dose, time after dosing, commercial product, and once-a-day or twice-a-day dosing regimens. Serum total thyroxine (T4) and total T3 and estimates of free T4 and free T3 were significantly high in serum from dogs given higher doses of synthetic L-thyroxine orally. Doubling the oral dosage did not double the serum iodothyronine concentrations, perhaps because of poor absorption or more rapid catabolism of the hormones at higher L-thyroxine doses.

Wide variation in the therapeutic hormone concentrations was found. Some dogs given low dosages of L-thyroxine had normal iodothyronine concentrations whereas some others given higher dosages had low normal to low concentrations. Monitoring the serum concentrations is an objective way to ensure adequate concentrations for successful therapy. When a therapeutic trial is used as a diagnostic procedure, one should not rule out hypothyroidism unless a therapeutic monitoring sample has indicated that replacement dose and absorption of the exogenous iodothyronine has been adequate.

Thyroid hormone concentrations peaked at 4 to 6 hours after oral administration of L-thyroxine for once-a-day and twice-a-day dosage regimens. Higher concentrations were achieved with once-a-day than with twice-a-day regimens at the same total daily dose. Because 2 of the lower peaks occurred per day with twice-a-day dosing, total target tissue exposure to the iodothyronines appeared to be similar to the once-a-day exposure. In general, dogs receiving the veterinary preparation of sodium levothyroxine had higher serum concentrations of iodothyronines than did dogs receiving a commonly used human preparation or generic preparations.
Blind percutaneous placement of a gastrostomy tube for nutritional support in dogs and cats
Authors: Fulton Robert B. , Dennis Jeffrey S.
Published: December 2023

The JAVMA welcomes contributions to this feature. Articles submitted for publication will be fully reviewed, with the American College of Veterinary Nutrition (ACVN) acting in an advisory capacity to the editors. Inquiries should be sent to Dr. John E. Bauer, President ACVN, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Ventricular arrhythmias in horses: 21 cases (1984-1989)
Authors: Reimer Johanna M. , Reef Virginia B. , Sweeney Raymond W.
Published: December 2023

Ventricular premature depolarizations (vpd) were identified in 21 horses in which unexplained tachycardia or an arrhythmia was detected on auscultation. Horses were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of ecg findings. Seven horses had uniform isolated vpd (group 1); 7 horses had repetitive uniform vpd at a rate <100 vpd/min (group 2); and 7 horses had either multiform vpd, R-on-T, or ≥ 100 vpd/min (group 3). Concurrent systemic disease was identified in 12 horses, 7 of which had gastrointestinal tract disorders. Serum cardiac isoenzyme activities were high in 6 (2 from each group) of 13 horses in which they were measured. Serum electrolyte concentrations were normal in all but 1 of 11 horses in which they were measured.

Antiarrhythmic drugs were given to 9 horses (all of which were in group 2 or group 3), 6 of which converted to sinus rhythm. Two horses that had R-on-T in the ECG died shortly after initiation of antiarrhythmic treatment. An accelerated idioventricular rhythm persisted in 1 horse for at least 8 months and failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs. Ventricular premature depolarizations resolved or decreased considerably in frequency in 11 horses without the administration of antiarrhythmic agents. Treatment in these horses included therapy for any underlying systemic disease, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or stall rest. The remaining horse was euthanatized several hours after hospitalization.

Five horses died or were euthanatized either during hospitalization or several months after being discharged. Myocardial lesions were identified at necropsy in 2 horses.
Pedunculated lipomas as a cause of intestinal obstruction in horses: 17 cases (1983-1990)
Authors: Blikslager Anthony T. , Bowman Karl F. , Haven Michelle L. , Tate Lloyd P. , Bristol David G.
Published: December 2023

The medical records of 17 horses that were evaluated and treated because of colic caused by pedunculated lipomas between 1983 and 1990 were reviewed. The mean age of the horses was 16.6 ± 3.9 years (range, 10 to 26 years), which was significantly greater than that of the population of horses evaluated because of colic (control population) during the same period. There were significantly more geldings (76.5%), compared with the control population.

Nasogastric reflux ranged from 1 to 16 L in 8 horses and was not obtained in 9 horses. Abdominal palpation per rectum revealed small intestinal distention in 13 horses, displaced large colon in 7 horses, and large colon impaction in 2 horses. Peritoneal fluid was abnormal in 11 of 12 horses from which it was obtained successfully.

One horse was euthanatized after unsuccessful medical treatment. Surgery was performed in 16 horses. Lipomas were blindly resected in 5 horses or exteriorized and resected in 6 horses. The method used to resect the lipoma was not recorded in 5 horses. The ileum and/or jejunum was strangulated in 15 horses, the small colon was strangulated in 1 horse, and the jejunum was obstructed in 1 horse. The length of intestine resected ranged from 0.15 to 7.2 m.

Fourteen horses survived surgery, of which 11 were discharged from the hospital (short-term survival rate of 78.6%). Excluding 2 horses lost to follow-up evaluation, 6 of 12 horses that survived surgery were alive 2 to 56 months following surgery (long-term survival rate of 50%), and 9 of 15 horses died or were euthanatized (fatality rate of 60%).
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in food animal practice
Authors: Kopcha Michelle , Kaneene John B. , Shea Mary Ellen , Miller RoseAnn , Ahl Alwynelle S.
Published: December 2023

We attempted to determine the extent to which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are used in the treatment of food animals, and whether withdrawal times for milk and slaughter are recommended to clients. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample of 2,000 veterinarians whose practices were at least half food animals. A cross-sectional study was used to examine the responses to determine whether differences existed on the basis of a respondent's geographic location, number of years since graduation from veterinary college, and percentage of practice devoted to beef and dairy cattle.

The response rate was 71% (1,424/2,000). Of those practitioners responding, 93% (1,325/1,424) reported using NSAID, with approximately 57 (751/1,322), 24 (327/1,322), and 18% (244/1,322) of respondents reporting use more than once a week, once a week, and 1 to 2 times per month, respectively. Dairy practitioners reported more frequent use than did beef practitioners. Use of flunixin meglumine was reported more frequently than the use of aspirin, phenylbutazone, or dipyrone. Approximately 88% (1,146/1,306) of respondents that used NSAID did so in combination with antibiotics. Withdrawal times for milk and meat were made on the basis of guidelines for the antibiotic. When using NSAID alone, recommendations for withdrawal times for milk and meat varied extensively. Overall, practitioners indicated that NSAID were useful and necessary for the treatment of food-producing animals.
Randomized field trial to determine the effects of oral selenium supplementation on milk production and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers
Authors: Coe Paul H. , Maas John , Reynolds James , Gardner Ian
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted to measure differences in performance between selenium-supplemented and nonsupplemented heifers on a 1,200-cow California dairy. One hundred seventeen 19- to 27-month-old Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 59) and control (n = 58) groups. A federally approved, commercially available, sustained-release intraruminal selenium bolus was administered to each heifer in the treatment group. Blood samples were taken from treated and control animals to assess selenium values before and after bolus administration and again after introduction to the milking ration. Production data were obtained from an on-farm computerized record system for each heifer during her first lactation.

Mean blood selenium concentrations in treated heifers were higher than those in control heifers from posttreatment day 30 until after calving. Data analyzed in midlactation and late lactation indicated no significant differences between treated and control groups in somatic cell count, days not pregnant, total milk produced, or times bred.
Effects of and factors associated with umbilical hernias in a swine herd
Authors: Searcy-Bernal Roberto , Gardner Ian A. , Hird David W.
Published: December 2023

Of 2,958 pigs from a 320-sow, farrow-to-finish herd that were evaluated from birth to slaughter, 44 (1.5%) developed umbilical hernias. Hernias were detected mostly (34/44) when the pigs were between 9 and 14 weeks of age and were not fatal despite lack of treatment. Among littermates, weight gain prior to weaning was significantly (P = 0.04) lower in pigs that developed hernias (144.7 g/d) by 30 weeks of age than for nonaffected pigs (163.3 g/d), but growth rates from weaning to about 45 kg did not differ significantly.

Records of pigs sired by 13 purebred boars were used to evaluate breed-of-sire associations. Pigs sired by American Spotted (n = 19; relative risk [rr] = 8.3; 95% confidence interval [ci] = 2.1 to 32.7) and Duroc boars (n = 378; rr = 2.1; 95% ci = 1.0 to 4.5) were more likely to develop umbilical hernias than were pigs (n = 1,644) sired by Yorkshire boars. Umbilical lesions (omphalitis or umbilical abscess) were associated (rr = 7.6; 95% ci = 1.2 to 49.5) with umbilical herniation on an individual basis, but the association was not evident (rr = 1.2; 95% ci = 0.2 to 7.6) when the litter was the unit of analysis. Analysis of sire associations, stratified by umbilical lesion status, indicated increased risks in the nonlesioned stratum for the American Spotted (rr = 8.7) and Duroc sires (rr = 2.2). Adequate comparisons of sire breed in the lesioned stratum could not be made, because umbilical lesions were an infrequent finding (9/2,958). For Yorkshire-sired pigs, there was a 13.7 times higher risk (95% ci = 2.2 to 86.1) of umbilical hernias if the pig had an umbilical lesion earlier in life. Significant (P < 0.05) associations were not evident between umbilical hernia and sex, or prophylactic treatment with Oxytetracycline. Findings from the study provided support for genetic and infectious hypotheses for umbilical hernias.