bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The temperature effect on perceived income
Authors: Sun Ang , Xiang Wang , Jiang Xu
Published: March 2024

Extensive research has focused on the impact of weather on working capacity and income. However, in regions where income data largely relies on surveys, a pivotal yet underexplored question is whether weather not only influence real income but also introduce biases into survey-collected income data. We analyze longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey and corresponding weather records from the Global Surface Summary of the Day, and uncover a negative correlation between survey-day temperature and self-reported annual income from the previous year. With a series of robustness checks, we confirm that the effect is primarily driven by behavioral factors rather than actual income changes. And threshold regression analyses show that the impact of temperature is more pronounced on hot days and relatively subdued or even reversed on cooler days. Further analyses indicate that mood, rather than cognitive capacity, plays a central role in causing the observed downward bias.
Enhanced triglyceride adsorption by steam-activated bamboo charcoal based on molecular dynamics investigations
Authors: Zhu Hegang , Zhang Sheng , Zheng Honghui , Wang Guifeng
Published: March 2024

In this study, ordinary bamboo charcoal was activated at 750 °C with a steam flow rate of 6.25 L/min for 1.5 h. The effects of triglyceride adsorption by activated bamboo charcoal were investigated using an orthogonal design, and the adsorption mechanism was explored through molecular dynamics. Experimental results revealed that the adsorption capacity of activated bamboo charcoal for triglycerides reached 27.0%. The activated bamboo charcoal exhibited a specific surface area of 560.0 m2/g. The average pore diameter of activated bamboo charcoal was 1.6 nm, whereas that of ordinary bamboo charcoal was 7.2 nm. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed an interaction energy of − 145.12 kcal/mol between the molecular layers of activated bamboo charcoal and the triglyceride molecules, as well as an interaction energy of − 132.73 kcal/mol between the molecular layers of ordinary bamboo charcoal and the triglyceride molecules. The quantity of triglyceride molecules adsorbed by activated bamboo charcoal per gram was estimated to be 1.77 × 1021 while ordinary bamboo charcoal could adsorb merely 1.56 × 1019 triglyceride molecules per gram. This stark contrast in adsorption capacity underscores the superior performance of activated bamboo charcoal than its counterpart.
Complexation and immobilization of arsenic in maize using green synthesized silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs)
Authors: David Oyinade A. , Labulo Ayomide H. , Hassan Ibrahim , Olawuni Idowu , Oseghale Charles O. , Terna Augustine D. , Ajayi Olamilekan O. , Ayegbusi Samuel A. , Owolabi Michael O.
Published: March 2024

Arsenic (As) is a heavy metal that is toxic to both plants and animals. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can alleviate the detrimental effects of heavy metals on plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The study aims to synthesize SiNPs and reveal how they promote plant health in Arsenic-polluted soil. 0 and 100% v/v SiNPs were applied to soil, and Arsenic 0 and 3.2 g/ml were applied twice. Maize growth was monitored until maturity. Small, irregular, spherical, smooth, and non-agglomerated SiNPs with a peak absorbance of 400 nm were synthesized from Pycreus polystachyos. The SiNPs (100%) assisted in the development of a deep, prolific root structure that aided hydraulic conductance and gave mechanical support to the maize plant under As stress. Thus, there was a 40–50% increase in growth, tripled yield weights, and accelerated flowering, fruiting, and senescence. SiNPs caused immobilization (As(III)=SiNPs) of As in the soil and induced root exudates Phytochelatins (PCs) (desGly-PC2 and Oxidized Glutathione) which may lead to formation of SiNPs=As(III)–PCs complexes and sequestration of As in the plant biomass. Moreover, SiNPs may alleviate Arsenic stress by serving as co-enzymes that activate the antioxidant-defensive mechanisms of the shoot and root. Thus, above 70%, most reactive ROS (OH) were scavenged, which was evident in the reduced MDA content that strengthened the plasma membrane to support selective ion absorption of SiNPs in place of Arsenic. We conclude that SiNPs can alleviate As stress through sequestration with PCs, improve root hydraulic conductance, antioxidant activity, and membrane stability in maize plants, and could be a potential tool to promote heavy metal stress resilience in the field.
Risk factors of failure results after double-bundle reconstruction with autogenous hamstring grafts for isolated posterior cruciate ligament rupture cases
Authors: Morita Yudai , Tajima Takuya , Yamaguchi Nami , Yokoe Takuji , Nagasawa Makoto , Ota Tomomi , Ouchi Kouki , Chosa Etsuo
Published: March 2024

Posterior tibial translation (PTT) after double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction has sometimes occurred. Purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors for postoperative PTT after double-bundle PCL reconstruction with a hamstring autograft. Comparing the results of bilateral gravity sag view (GSV) at 12 months after surgery, over 5-mm PTT was defined as ‘failure’ in this study. Of 26 isolated PCL reconstruction cases, over 5-mm PTT was seen in 7 cases (group F: 9.57 ± 1.28 mm), and 19 cases had less than 5 mm (group G: 2.84 ± 1.29 mm). Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), preoperative GSV, posterior slope angle of the tibia, anterolateral bundle (ALB) and posteromedial bundle (PMB) graft diameters, and tibial tunnel diameter were evaluated. The two groups were compared with the 2 × 2 chi-squared test, the Mann Whitney U-test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed to determine the risk factor. Statistical significance was indicated as p < 0.01 for correlation with postoperative PTT, and as p < 0.05 for all other comparisons. Mean age (group G 31.8 ± 12.5 vs group F 34.9 ± 15.9 years), sex (male/female: 15/4 vs 3/4), BMI (25.6 ± 4.6 vs 24.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2), preoperative GSV (11.3 ± 2.2 vs 11.6 ± 2.9 mm), PMB diameter (5.37 ± 0.33 vs 5.36 ± 0.48 mm), and tibial tunnel diameter (9.32 ± 0.58 vs 9.29 ± 0.49 mm) showed no significant differences. ALB diameter was significantly greater in group G (7.0 ± 0.5 mm) than in group F (6.5 ± 0.29 mm; p = 0.022). There was also a significant difference in posterior tibial slope angle (group G 9.19 ± 1.94 vs group F 6.54 ± 1.45, p = 0.004). On Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis, ALB diameter GSV (correlation coefficient: − 0.561, p = 0.003) and posterior tibial slope angle (correlation coefficient: − 0.533, p = 0.005) showed a significant correlation with postoperative PTT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALB diameter (OR 19.028; 95% CI 1.082–334.6; p = 0.044) and posterior slope angle of tibia (OR 3.081; 95% CI 1.109–8.556; p = 0.031) were independently associated with postoperative PTT, respectively. In double-bundle PCL reconstruction with hamstring, smaller ALB graft diameter and lower (flatted) tibial slope angle were considered risk factors for postoperative PTT.
Weight, weight gain and behavioural risk factors in women attending a breast cancer family history, risk and prevention clinic: an observational study
Authors: Pegington Mary , Belcher John , Barrett Emma , Virpal Pawandeep , Howell Anthony , Evans D. Gareth , Harvie Michelle
Published: March 2024

Background

Weight and health behaviours impact on breast cancer risk. We describe trends in weight and health behaviours in women at entry to a specialist breast cancer family history clinic in Manchester, UK, and changes after clinic entry.

Methods

Questionnaires were completed at clinic entry (1987–2019, n = 10,920), and updated in 2010–11 (n = 3283). Clinic entry characteristics were compared between joining periods 1989–98, 1999–2008 and 2009–18. Partial Least Squares analysis characterised trends in weight, smoking and alcohol intake by age at entry, year of entry and birth year. Weight changes were compared over time, between joining periods.

Results

Obesity at clinic entry increased from 10.6% in 1989–98 to 20.5% in 2009–18. Alcohol intake above recommendations and smoking prevalence decreased from 20.1% to 13.8% and 33.5% to 16.1% respectively. Weight gain was median 9.7 (IQR 1.4–20.6) % between age 20 and clinic entry (mean duration 11.9 ± 5.6 years) and a further 4.5 (0.0–12.5) % between clinic entry and 2010–11 (31.1 ± 10.4 years). Weight gain between age 20 and clinic entry was highest in the most recent joining period.

Conclusions

Obesity and weight gain are common in women attending a breast cancer family history clinic suggesting a need for weight management advice and support.
Unravelling the underlying mechanism of the reduction of aldehydes/ketones with metal borohydride in an aprotic solvent
Authors: Li Xinying , Kang Jia-Xin , Liang Shasha , Long Xi-Hong , Ma Yan-Na , Chen Xuenian
Published: March 2024

The mechanism of aldehyde/ketones with M(BH4)n in aprotic solvents has been elucidated as a six-membered ring, in which hydride transfer to the C atom from the B atom, formation of L·BH3 adduct, and disproportionation of BH3(OR)− may be involved.
Tropical postbiotics alleviate the disorders in the gut microbiota and kidney damage induced by ochratoxin A exposure
Authors: Jiang Shuaiming , Du Lingwei , Zhao Qian , Su Shunyong , Huang Shi , Zhang Jiachao
Published: March 2024

Postbiotics downregulate the abundance of virulence factors associated with iron uptake and relieve the inhibition of OTA on Nrf2/HO-1, restoring ROS-clearing capabilities, thereby alleviating kidney damage caused by chronic OTA exposure.
Adsorption behavior of chloramphenicol on an activated carbon from pomelo peel using KHCO3 activator
Authors: Li Haixia , Zhu Hai , Qiu Junqiang , Zheng Danning , Gao Lifang , Zhou Dan , Xu Dan
Published: March 2024

The pomelo peel-based activated carbon as a high-performance adsorbent for chloramphenicol is synthesized by KHCO3 activator through a solid pyrolysis method.
Tailoring graphene-oxide and reduced-graphene-oxide with NaNO3 and CaCl2 catalysts with enhanced photo-catalytic degradation of methylene blue dye
Authors: Chitkara Mansi , Goyal Nitin , Kumar Aashish , Marasamy Latha , Haq Sirajul , Aldossari Samar A. , Haldhar Rajesh , Hossain M. Khalid
Published: March 2024

This study employed various experimental techniques to produce graphene oxide (GO) under different conditions, such as the inclusion or exclusion of NaNO3, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with or without the catalyst CaCl2.
Bioaccumulation and in vivo tracking of radiolabeled 4-nonylphenol in mice
Authors: Mushtaq Sajid , Kim Soyeon , Bibi Iqra , Park Ji Ae , Yang Ji-ung , Park Hyun , Kim Jung Young
Published: March 2024

4-Nonylphenol, an emerging endocrine disruptor, raises health concerns. Radiolabeling and in vivo tracing of 4NP reveal significant tissue accumulation, emphasizing intricate distribution and potential long-term effects for risk assessments.
Silica-coated LiYF4:Yb3+, Tm3+ upconverting nanoparticles are non-toxic and activate minor stress responses in mammalian cells
Authors: Bietar Kais , Chu Siwei , Mandl Gabrielle , Zhang Emma , Chabaytah Naim , Sabelli Renata , Capobianco John A. , Stochaj Ursula
Published: March 2024

Silica-coated lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are internalized by mammalian cells. The bipyramidal UCNPs are non-toxic and elicit minor stress responses in a cell type-dependent fashion.
Flexible-rigid covalent nano-template of micron porous silicon towards ultra-robust Li-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Baoping , Li HanJiang , Luo Wen , Zhang Xiaofeng , Liu Zhongyun , Yin Pengfei , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2024

A flexible-rigid covalent nano-template can synergistically regulate the MPSi anode structure organization and internal/interface interactions for ultrarobust Li-ion batteries.
Locus-specific detection of pseudouridine with CRISPR-Cas13a
Authors: Sun Mei , Fang Xin , Lin Bingqian , Mo Jing , Wang Fang , Zhou Xiang , Weng Xiaocheng
Published: March 2024

A streamlined and efficient method enables precise detection of pseudouridine (Ψ) at specific loci, by leveraging CRISPR-Cas13a and CMC chemical labeling for immediate fluorescence analysis.
Ionic-liquid-modified MOFs incorporated in a mixed-matrix membrane by metal-site anchoring for gas separation
Authors: Li Chang , Zhang Wenhai , Meng Qin , Xu Haibiao , Shen Chong , Zhang Guoliang
Published: March 2024

Through metal-site anchoring, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were modified with ionic liquids (ILs) and used as a porous filler to prepare mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs).
Palladium-decorated SiX (X = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) catalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Kumavat Trilokchand L. , Somaiya Radha N , Sonvane Yogesh
Published: March 2024

Developing single atom catalysts (SAC) is a promising and useful strategy for designing highly efficient and low-cost photo- or electrocatalysts that are active towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Viral peptide conjugates for metal-warhead delivery to chromatin
Authors: Batchelor Lucinda K. , De Falco Louis , Dyson Paul J. , Davey Curtis A.
Published: March 2024

Chromatin-targeting viral peptide–gold(i) conjugates display cancer cell selectivity and localize to the nucleosome acidic patch, forming histone site-specific protein adducts.
A NIR phosphor with ultra-broadband emission enabled by dual energy transfer within two Cr3+ emitters and Cr3+ → Yb3+
Authors: Wei Shuai , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , Zhang Xiaowei , Lu Zheng , Luo Pengcheng , Hu Hanyu , You Hongpeng
Published: March 2024

The NIR phosphor Sr3SiAl10O20, which realizes ultra-broadband emission via dual energy transfer within two Cr3+ emitters and Cr3+ → Yb3+, can be used for NIR pc-LEDs, showing great potential in the fields of night-vision illumination, nondestructive surveillance, and information encryption.
Research on surface defect detection model of steel strip based on MFFA‐YOLOv5
Authors: Chen Hao , Qiu Jianlin , Gao Depeng , Qian Lanmei , Li Xiujing
Published: March 2024

The surface quality of steel strip is a critical indicator of the quality of hot‐rolled strip, so accurate inspection of its surface is essential. However, the complex texture of steel strip surface defects makes the detection challenging. Here, a multi‐scale feature fusion and attention based YOLOv5 (MFFA‐YOLOv5) model is proposed. Specifically, the bottom layer features are up‐sampled and fused not only with the middle layer features, but also with the top layer features, so that the model better captures the surface texture information of the steel strip. Secondly, an improved attention mechanism module is introduced to deal with the global and local information of the steel strip surface by introducing down‐sampling and up‐sampling paths based on Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM). Meanwhile, a self‐attention mechanism path is added to improve the capability of feature representation. Experimental results on the NEU‐DET dataset show that the MFFA‐YOLOv5 model significantly outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Mean field games of controls with Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Bongini Mattia , Salvarani Francesco
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study a mean-field games system with Dirichlet boundary conditions in a closed domain and in a mean-field game of controls setting, that is in which the dynamics of each agent is affected not only by the average position of the rest of the agents but also by their average optimal choice. This setting allows the modeling of more realistic real-life scenarios in which agents not only will leave the domain at a certain point in time (like during the evacuation of pedestrians or in debt refinancing dynamics) but also act competitively to anticipate the strategies of the other agents. We shall establish the existence of Nash Equilibria for such class of mean-field game of controls systems under certain regularity assumptions on the dynamics and the Lagrangian cost. Much of the paper is devoted to establishing several a priori estimates which are needed to circumvent the fact that the mass is not conserved (as we are in a Dirichlet boundary condition setting). In the conclusive sections, we provide examples of systems falling into our framework as well as numerical implementations.
Nuclear reactions as a tool to study the microscopic structure of pygmy and giant resonances
Authors: Tsoneva Nadia
Published: March 2024

An advanced microscopic approach based on energy-density functional theory and the quasiparticle-phonon model has been used to study nuclear excitations up to giant dipole resonance energies. In addition, our nuclear structure model has been extended to include reaction theory. The theoretical spectral distributions compared with experimental data performed with different probes and techniques are able to provide us with information about the microscopic structure of the pygmy dipole resonance as well as its collectivity. Evaluations of electric dipole (E1) transition strengths and branching ratios at low energy reveal different properties of the nuclear excitations and the effect of quasi-continuum coupling. The present studies will support above-neutronthreshold γ experiments at ELI-NP targeting γ decays of giant and pygmy resonances, as well as studies on multi-step γ decays by low-lying states.
Construction of density-dependent α-nucleon interaction to describe α-nucleus scattering
Authors: Furumoto Takenori , Tsubakihara Kohsuke , Ebata Shuichiro , Horiuchi Wataru
Published: March 2024

We provide a global density-dependent α-nucleon (DD-αN) interaction to construct the α-nucleus optical potential in a wide range of incident energies. The α-nucleus potential based on the folding model with the present DD-αN interaction reproduces the experimental data up to backward angles using the point-nucleon density obtained by the mean-field model. The present DD-αN interaction is based on the phenomenological optical potential to reproduce the p + 4He elastic scattering at the incident energies at 12.04–1000 MeV. Namely, the α-nucleon system is considered an elementary process. The density dependence (medium effect) of the DD-αN interaction is phenomenologically added to reproduce the α elastic scatterings by the 16O, 40Ca, 58Ni, 90Zr and 208Pb targets at E/A = 10–342.5 MeV. The total reaction cross sections are also compared with the experimental data.
Recent results of baryon EM form factors at BESIII
Authors: Wang Yadi
Published: March 2024

Precise experimental measurements of the baryon form factors are a test-bed for understanding the baryon’s properties and dynamical behavior emerge from QCD. With high statistics, the cross section of e+e− → pp and e+e− → nn are both measured with the highest precision in a wide q2 range. The oscillation behavior on the proton and neutron effective form factor is updated with SND result. With the ISR technique, the form factor measurement can reach as low as the mass threshold of pp or nn. Analyticity of nucleon form factors is discussed. Moreover, new results about the hyperon (Λ, Λc, Σ, Ω, ∆) form factors are presented in this talk. Some similar behaviors appear on the hyperon form factors which will help to understand the internal structure or interactions inside of the baryon. The complete determination of EMFFs of Λ and Σ has been carried on and provides a new insight of EMFFs in time-like region.
Formal theory of heavy ion double charge exchange reactions
Authors: Lenske Horst , Bellone Jessica , Colonna Maria , Gambacurta Danilo , Lay Jose-Antonio
Published: March 2024

The theory of heavy ion double charge exchange (DCE) reactions A(Z, N) → A(Z ± 2, N ∓ 2) is recapitulated emphasizing the role of Double Single Charge Exchange (DSCE) and pion-nucleon Majorana DCE (MDCE) reactions. DSCE reactions are of second–order distorted wave character, mediated by isovector nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions. The DSCE response functions resemble the nuclear matrix elements (NME) of 2ν2β decay. The MDCE process proceeds by a dynamically generated effective rank-2 isotensor interaction, defined by off–shell pion–nucleon DCE scattering. In closure approximation pion potentials and two–nucleon correlations are obtained, similar to the neutrino potentials and the intranuclear exchange of Majorana neutrinos in 0ν2β Majorana double beta decay (MDBD).
Modeling Double Charge Exchange processes occurring in Heavy Ion Reactions
Authors: Bellone Jessica Ilaria , Colonna Maria , Gambacurta Danilo , Lenske Horst
Published: March 2024

Heavy ion induced double charge exchange reactions are treated as an incoherent sequence of two reactions driven by the exchange of charged mesons (double single charge exchange, DSCE). The process is described within a fully quantum mechanical distorted wave 2-step theory (2nd order DWBA). The DSCE reaction amplitudes are shown to be separable into superpositions of distortion factors, accounting for initial and final state ion-ion elastic interactions, and nuclear matrix elements (NMEs). Explicit expressions of projectile and target NMEs are derived within the QRPA theory. Reduction schemes for the DSCE transition form factors are described, analizing their momentum structure within the closure approximation. Formal analogies between the NMEs involved in DSCE reactions and in double beta decays are also pointed out. Results, obtained within this theoretical framework, are illustrated for the reaction 40Ca (18O, 18Ne)40Ar at 15.3 AMeV and compared to the data measured at INFN-LNS by the NUMEN Collaboration. Furthermore, preliminary results for reactions involving heavier systems, such as 76Se (18O, 18Ne)76Ge, are shown.
Prompt-fission observable and fission yield calculations for actinides by TALYS
Authors: Fujio Kazuki , Al-Adili Ali , Nordström Fredrik , Lemaître Jean-François , Okumura Shin , Chiba Satoshi , Koning Arjan
Published: March 2024

The nuclear reaction code TALYS adopts the Hauser-Feshbach statistical decay theory, to de-excite fission fragments. This involves for instance the evaporation of prompt fission neutrons and γ-rays. TALYS incorporates databases of primary fission fragment distribution which consists of primary fission fragment yield and data for excitation energy distribution of fission fragments. We conducted a sensitivity study on three parameters in TALYS and fitted them in order to reproduce experimental and evaluated data, in thermal neutron-induced fission of 235U. Moreover, we demonstrate a large-scale calculation of average prompt neutron and γ-ray multiplicities for 243 selected actinide isotopes.
Noniterative finite amplitude methods for giant resonances and the application to the neutron radiative capture cross sections
Authors: Sasaki Hirokazu , Kawano Toshihiko , Stetcu Ionel
Published: March 2024

We calculate the electric dipole (E1) and the magnetic dipole (M1) giant resonances with noniterative finite amplitude methods and demonstrate how the fully microscopic density functional theory predicts the giant resonances without any phenomenological parameters. Then, we calculate neutron capture reactions based on the statistical Hauser-Feshbach theory with the result of E1 and M1 transitions and find that the capture cross sections for deformed nuclei are enhanced due to the contribution from the low energy M1 scissors mode.
Evolution of Poetic Composition Theories from Shilin Shihua to Chengzhai Shihua
Authors: Chen Huiling
Published: March 2024

Ye Mengde, a well-known Chinese poet and poetry critic in the Song Dynasty, advocated the concept of implicit naturalness in his work, Shilin Shihua (Shilin’s Remarks on Poetry). He emphasized that the use of allusions in poetic composition should not be far-fetched and demanded that words and sentences be refined and hammered. Based on Ye’s insights, Yang Wanli, another famous Chinese poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, further developed the theory. In Chengzhai Shihua (Chengzhai’s Remarks on Poetry), he proposed that the essence of poetry lies in “poems being concluded while the taste remains eternal,” paid attention to the skillful integration of idioms and allusions, advocated the importance of creating “stunning verses” in writing poetry, and practiced what he preached by actively engaging in poetic composition. He shattered the traditional conventions of the late Jiangxi School of Poetry, created the unique “Chengzhai Style” characterized by freshness and liveliness, and injected a vibrant “poetic taste” into poetry, enhancing the role of poetic composition theory in guiding poetry creation practices.
Enhancing English Writing Proficiency in TESOL: Integrating Traditional and Technological Approaches for a Multifaceted Learning Experience
Authors: Wang Jianing , Li Weiwei , Lu Ming , Chen Yu
Published: March 2024

This scholarly article delves into the latest advancements within the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) arena, specifically concentrating on their impact on teaching English writing. The study critically analyses a variety of pioneering methods, tactics, and tools currently employed in TESOL, with a special emphasis on refining students’ English writing capabilities. It explores the intersection of traditional and modern pedagogical techniques, highlighting how blended approaches can significantly enhance the writing skills of learners. The paper provides in-depth insights into how these innovative strategies not only improve writing proficiency but also foster a deeper understanding of the English language among students. It argues that the effectiveness of these teaching methodologies is pivotal in equipping students with the skills necessary to excel in English writing, thereby contributing to their overall academic success. The research emphasizes the role of tailored instruction, feedback mechanisms, and the integration of digital tools in creating an engaging and effective learning environment.
A Study on Translation of Numbers in the Analects of Confucius from the Perspective of Cultural Translation Theory—— a Case study of the Translation Version by Gu Hongming
Authors: Li Ying , Xiang Rui , Xiu Shuxin , Qu Weiwei
Published: March 2024

The language of the Analects of Confucius is concise, rich in connotation and highly abstract, so the problem of lack of meaning or semantic insufficiency is very obvious, and the numerical meaning is one of the most obvious examples. Based on Susan Bassnett view of cultural translation, this paper analyzes Gu Hongming’s translated version of Analects and finds that there are great cultural differences between Chinese and Western numerals in terms of definite reference and vague reference. In addition to definite reference, Chinese numbers also have the function of vague reference; In English, numbers are mostly used in definite reference, and vague reference is mostly based on larger numbers. This increases the difficulty for translators and readers to understand the original work. In addition to having a solid bilingual foundation, the translator should have a profound bilingual cultural knowledge to realize the translation of cultural information behind the language. The theory of cultural translation has certain feasibility in guiding the translation of Chinese classics into English, which can promote the foreign translation of Chinese classics and has certain practical significance in promoting the transmission of Chinese culture to the world.
German-Albanian Intercultural communication and interaction in the workplace
Authors: Hoti Fiona , Huber Jürgen
Published: March 2024

Remote work has brought societies and cultures more together than ever. The workplace has been taken to another level and understanding the cultures and behaviours of different countries has become essential, so that there can be a harmonious working environment. Different ways of conveying the information in the same situation and context but at the same time in two different cultural environments, often lead to inconsistencies or problems in different situations in everyday life. In this thesis, German-Albanian communication and interaction in the workplace is observed from a cultural point of view. Communication in the workspace environment has quite a high influence on the working atmosphere, satisfaction, productivity of the employees or companies worldwide management success. The field of study focuses on the workspace since the reason why many Albanian citizens stay in Germany or have work relations with German companies is the offer of a working contract with higher income possibilities. The purpose of this study is to achieve understanding from both sides of the cultures or even let other cultures understand them both at the same time. Beside the theoretical solution of this problem, an illustrated book with funny and simple illustration has been designed to bring better understanding for the cultural differences independent from their age, gender or intellectual level.
Social Comparison on Social Media Platforms: A media and communication Perspective
Authors: Qiu Yue
Published: March 2024

Many existing studies of social comparison focus on the psychological component, but the reality of users’ lived experiences is that most users incorporate multiple platforms into their communication practices in order to access the people and networks they desire to influence. This paper delves into the phenomenon of social comparison on social media platforms, examined through the lens of media and communication studies. Particularly emphasized is the role of algorithmic curation and the emergence of social media influencers as modern benchmarks of success and aspiration. This paper endeavors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the intertwined dynamics of technological affordances, socio-cultural catalysts, and psychological impacts in the realm of digital social comparison. Finally, the paper reflects on potential strategies to navigate this complex terrain, aiming to strike a balance between digital engagement and mental well-being. The overarching aim is to foster a digital environment that, while enabling connection and expression, also ensures the psychological well-being of its users.
Kurzzusammenfassung Leitlinie: S3-LL Neurologische Rehabilitation bei
Koma und schwerer Bewusstseinsstörung im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Elsner Bernhard , Pohl Marcus , Mehrholz Jan
Published: March 2024

Patienten entwickeln nach einer schweren akuten Hirnschädigung häufig eine
schwere Bewusstseinsstörung. Eine solche manifestiert sich als Koma, Syndrom
reaktionsloser Wachheit oder als Syndrom minimalen Bewusstseins.
Neuroradiological diagnosis and therapy of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Schacht Hannes , Schramm Peter
Published: March 2024

Background Cerebral damage after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results from various, sometimes unrelated causes. After the initial hemorrhage trauma with an increase in intracranial pressure, induced vasoconstriction, but also microcirculatory disturbances, inflammation and pathological electrophysiological processes (cortical spreading depolarization) can occur in the course of the disease, resulting in delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). In the neuroradiological context, cerebral vasospasm (CVS) remains the focus of diagnostic imaging and endovascular therapy as a frequent component of the genesis of DCI.

Methods The amount of blood leaked during aneurysm rupture (which can be detected by CT, for example) correlates with the occurrence and severity of CVS. CT perfusion is then an important component in determining the indication for endovascular spasm therapies (EST). These include intra-arterial drug administration (also as long-term microcatheter treatment) and mechanical procedures (balloon angioplasty, vasodilatation using other instruments such as stent retrievers, stenting).

Conclusion This review summarizes the current findings on the diagnosis and treatment of CVS after aneurysmal SAH from a neuroradiological perspective, taking into account the complex and up-to-date international literature.

Key Points

Citation Format
Return to Play Following Concussion: Role for Imaging?
Authors: Sanclemente Drew , Belair Jeffrey A. , Talekar Kiran S. , Roedl Johannes B. , Stache Stephen
Published: March 2024

This review surveys concussion management, focusing on the use of neuroimaging techniques in return to play (RTP) decisions. Clinical assessments traditionally were the foundation of concussion diagnoses. However, their subjective nature prompted an exploration of neuroimaging modalities to enhance diagnosis and management. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides information about metabolic changes and alterations in the absence of structural abnormalities. Diffusion tensor imaging uncovers microstructural changes in white matter. Functional magnetic resonance imaging assesses neuronal activity to reveal changes in cognitive and sensorimotor functions. Positron emission tomography can assess metabolic disturbances using radiotracers, offering insight into the long-term effects of concussions. Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction screening and eye tracking assess vestibular and oculomotor function. Although these neuroimaging techniques demonstrate promise, continued research and standardization are needed before they can be integrated into the clinical setting. This review emphasizes the potential for neuroimaging in enhancing the accuracy of concussion diagnosis and guiding RTP decisions.
The ion cyclotron parametric instabilities and the anomalous heating of ions in the scrape-off layer of tokamak plasma in the high harmonic fast wave heating regime
Authors: Mikhailenko V. V. , Lee Hae June , Mikhailenko V. S.
Published: March 2024

The electrostatic parametric instabilities of a plasma, driven by the high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) with frequency at ion cyclotron (IC) harmonics of order 30–50 are investigated numerically. The derived numerical results are consistent with parametric decay of HHFW into the high harmonic IC (Bernstein) wave and an unobserved IC quasimode under conditions of the negligible small electron Landau damping. The detected instability develops in the finite interval of the HHFW wavelength along the toroidal magnetic field. The development of this ion kinetic quasimode decay instability is accompanied by the anomalous anisotropic heating of ions, resulted from the interaction of ions with IC parametric turbulence. It was found that the anomalous heating rate of ions across the magnetic field is much larger than the heating rate of ions along the magnetic field. The anisotropic heating of the scrape-off layer ions was observed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment experiments with HHFW heating and current drive at IC harmonics of order 10 [G. Taylor et al. Phys. Plasmas 17, 056114 (2010), and J. Hosea et al. Phys. Plasmas 15, 056104 (2008)]. The derived results predict that these experimental results will be reproduced qualitatively in the experiments with HHFW heating and current drive using HHFW at IC harmonics of order 30–50.
Thermal nanoconversion of ferromagnetic nanoislands
Authors: Barker O. J. , Mohammadi-Motlagh A. , Wright A. J. , Batty R. , Finch H. , Vezzoli A. , Keatley P. S. , O'Brien L.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we investigate the use of post-fabrication thermal nanoconversion (TNC), using a heated scanning probe tip, to modify the magnetic properties of Ni80Fe20 elliptical nanoislands with varying aspect ratio. Despite Ni80Fe20 being unoptimized for TNC, by comparing quasistatic and dynamic magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy measurements, we demonstrate that TNC at a contact temperature of 250 °C increases the saturation magnetization of the treated nanoislands, reaching a value close to 800 kA/m. Micromagnetic simulations of the nanoislands indicate that the TNC technique can be used to alter the remanent state, from a single domain to a vortex. These results demonstrate the opportunities afforded by TNC to modify the properties of selected areas in a thin film or a patterned sample, particularly when designing magnonic crystals and other nanomagnetic devices.
Single-crystalline YIG flakes with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy and diverse crystallographic orientations
Authors: Hartmann R. , Seema  , Soldatov I. , Lammel M. , Lignon D. , Ai X. Y. , Kiliani G. , Schäfer R. , Erb A. , Gross R. , Boneberg J. , Müller M. , Goennenwein S. T. B. , Scheer E. , Di Bernardo A.
Published: March 2024

We study sub-micron Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) flakes that we produce via mechanical cleaving and exfoliation of YIG single crystals. By characterizing their structural and magnetic properties, we find that these YIG flakes have surfaces oriented along unusual crystallographic axes and uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy due to their shape, both of which are not commonly available in YIG thin films. These physical properties, combined with the possibility of picking up the YIG flakes and stacking them onto flakes of other van der Waals materials or pre-patterned electrodes or waveguides, open unexplored possibilities for magnonics and for the realization of novel YIG-based heterostructures and spintronic devices.
Carrier injection induced degradation of nitrogen passivated SiC–SiO2 interface simulated by time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Xiong Tao , Dou Xiuming , Li Wen-Feng , Wen Hongyu , Deng Hui-Xiong , Liu Yue-Yang
Published: March 2024

The performance of SiC-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) degrades seriously after a period of continuous operation. To directly understand this issue, we conduct real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations on a series of nitrogen passivated SiC–SiO2 interfaces to monitor the interaction between carriers and interface atoms. We find that the nitrogen passivation always leaves behind two local states near the VBM, which gives a chance to the strong interaction between channel carriers and C–N bonds, and finally results in the generation of C dangling bond defects. These processes are vividly presented and confirmed by the TDDFT simulation. Additionally, the results show that the new defects are more easily formed by the passivated C cluster than the passivated Si vacancy. These studies provide physical insights into the degradation mechanisms of working SiC MOSFETs, while simultaneously demonstrating the advantage of TDDFT as a crucial tool for investigating defect generation dynamics in semiconductor devices.
Assumption-free analysis for amplification-based quantitative nucleic acid detection
Authors: Fu Yu , Lin Lu , Liu Chuanbo , Wang Jin
Published: March 2024

The accurate detection and quantification of biological species that are rarely present but potentially devastating is of paramount importance for the life sciences, biosecurity, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Consequently, there has been significant interest in the sensitive and accurate detection of nucleic acids, leveraging both chemical and biological methods. Among these, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is regarded as the gold standard due to its sensitivity and precision in identifying specific nucleic acid targets. Despite the widespread adoption of qPCR for nucleic acid detection, the analysis of qPCR data typically depends on the use of calibrated standard curves and a threshold method to interpret signal measurements. In this study, we use a stochastic simulation to show the limitations of the threshold method due to its assumptions on amplification kinetics. We propose a new approach for the absolute quantification of nucleic acids that overcomes these limitations by reconstructing the efficiency profile across amplification cycles and using cumulative amplification folds to build a standard curve, thus avoiding the constant efficiency assumption. Our method, validated through experiments with nucleic acid amplification in the presence of potent inhibitors, demonstrates improved accuracy in quantifying nucleic acids, avoiding the systematic errors of the threshold method. This innovation enhances the reliability of nucleic acid quantification, especially where traditional methods struggle with kinetic variability.
The effect of surface-step-terrace on energy storage density and working temperature of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 epitaxial films
Authors: Lu Yi-qin , Hu Tian-Yi , Sun Zixiong , Zhang Yunbo , Liu Yupeng , Dai Yanzhu , Hu Guangliang , Liu Ming , Ma Chunrui , Jia Chun-lin
Published: March 2024

Dielectric film capacitors have been widely used in various electronic devices due to the high energy storage density and high charge–discharge speed. The energy storage performances are highly determined by the strain status of the films. Herein, we improved the energy storage performances of epitaxial BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 film through surface-step-terrace in the vicinal substrate. It is found that the terraces in the vicinal substrate create an additional strain parallel to the terraces and a compressive strain along the out-of-plane direction. The strains result in the increase in the energy storage density of the BZT film up to 66.9 J/cm3 with an energy storage efficiency of 73.2% at room temperature, which is 2.2 times as high as that of the films on regular substrates. Moreover, the strains also lead to the reduction of the hysteresis loss and increase in the up-limited working temperature from 125 to 225 °C with an energy storage density of 52.35 J/cm3 and an efficiency of 70.25%, exhibiting excellent thermal stability. Our work demonstrates that the strains generated by vicinal substrates can improve the energy storage performance greatly and provide a method to improve the energy storage performances of dielectric thin film capacitors.
Incident beam current impact on space-charge retention in electron dynamitron irradiated polymethyl methacrylate
Authors: Sturge Kathryn M. , Hoppis Noah , Anandanatarajan Aneesh , Bussio Ariana M. , Clifford Bryson C. , Frashure Emily H. , Hiebert Miriam E. , Krutzler James E. , Koeth Timothy W.
Published: March 2024

Dielectric charging aboard spacecraft and satellites is a persistent and pressing issue in materials design and applications. This study investigated the effect of electron irradiation on charge trapping and leakage properties in polymethyl methacrylate, which is necessary for determining the maximum permissible fluence of radiation before the material is pushed beyond its breakdown threshold in charged particle radiation-intense environments. It was observed that dielectric breakdown in the form of an electrostatic discharge event cannot be induced under the conditions of this experiment after an amount of time that is dependent on initial electron fluence. This time limit for which an electrostatic discharge can be induced was found to be longer for the lower beam current irradiations. The work presented here discusses the factors affecting charge leakage using a global electric field-driven model.
Scratch hardness of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering
Authors: Lin Yan-yan , Deng Zhi-jun , Dong Zhu-rong
Published: March 2024

Thin coatings are subject to scratch and wear damage in tribological applications. Scratch hardness numbers are used to evaluate scratch and abrasive wear resistance. Few studies have measured the scratch hardness of thin films, and a proper scratch hardness measurement method for thin coatings is still lacking. In this study, the scratch hardness of these DLC coatings was measured at both micro-scale and nano-scale, respectively. The micro-scratch test using a 200 µm tip is an inapplicable method because the substrate effect has dominated the scratch hardness measurement. On the other hand, a nano-scratch hardness test using a sharper tip is an effective method to measure the scratch hardness of thin coatings. Although the scratch hardness introduces a lateral force compared with the indentation hardness, it well correlates with the nano-indentation hardness. The ratio of the scratch hardness to the indentation hardness is close to 1 for DLC coatings due to the amorphous structure. It proves that the tangential force induced by scratching does not influence the hardness property. In addition, a simple approach is proposed to obtain the scratch hardness of DLC coatings qualitatively without width measurement.
Fractal-inspired multifrequency piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Zhou Daican , Wang Min , Li Zhongjie , Sun Yi , Pu Huayan , Pan Qiqi , Wang Biao
Published: March 2024

In this Letter, we propose fractal-based piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) for broadband energy scavenging. The introduction of fractal topology into transducers significantly alleviates the inherent limitation of a narrow working bandwidth in commonly used cantilever PEHs. We conduct a finite element analysis and experiments to exploit the performance of fractal cantilever PEHs with different iteration times. Our findings reveal that the higher-order fractal structures generate an increased number of eigenfrequencies as well as modal patterns within a certain range of working bandwidth (i.e., <50 Hz). Experimental results indicate that the efficient energy harvesting bandwidth of the fractal PEHs of iterative levels 1 and 2 is 2.05 and 2.15 times, respectively, larger than the conventional PEHs (i.e., level 0). In addition, the harvested voltage and power of fractal PEHs can be enhanced by attaching a proof mass to compensate for the energy loss in producing iterations. This method exhibits superiority over capturing energy in low-frequency vibration environments, such as wave energy and human movement energy.
Outlet boundary condition and mean temperature gradient effects on the minimum acoustics disturbances energy in triggering nonlinear thermoacoustic instability
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Zhao Dan , Shelton Cody M. , Wang Bing , Dong Xu , Li Junwei , Huang Yue
Published: March 2024

In this study, we theoretically investigate the impact of outlet boundary conditions and mean temperature gradients on the maximum transient growth rate of acoustical energy and the critical energy required for triggering. Our analysis encompasses open–open and open–closed thermoacoustic systems. The theoretical models developed focus on horizontal ducts with a mean temperature jump over the heat source, employing the modified King's law. By linearizing the unsteady heat release, the nonlinear thermoacoustic equations transform into linearized-delay ones. This approach enables us to predict optimal initial perturbations for linearized-delay and nonlinear systems, corresponding to maximum transient growth rates of acoustic energy over short and long periods, respectively, thus providing insights into critical energy for triggering. We find that a closed outlet leads to higher transient energy growth and a lower critical energy for triggering compared to an open outlet. The increased mean temperature gradient has a “destructive” impact on triggering in open–open systems but a “constructive” effect in open–closed systems. Raising the mean temperature ratio generally increases the critical energy for triggering in the open–open system, whereas it decreases the critical energy in the open–closed system. The critical energy for nonlinear optimal initial perturbations is notably affected by the minimum energy of critical unstable periodic solutions, while the critical energy for linearized-delay optimal initial perturbations is closely tied to the energy level of stable periodic solutions. Due to the transient energy growth rate, the critical energy for nonlinear optimal initial perturbations is significantly lower than that for linearized-delay optimal initial perturbations.