bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cymothoa frontalis, a cymothoid isopod parasitizing the belonid fish Strongylura strongylura from the Malabar Coast (Kerala, India): redescription, description, prevalence and life cycle
Authors: Thamban Aneesh Panakkool , Kappalli Sudha , Kottarathil Helna Ameri , Gopinathan Anilkumar , Paul Trilles Jean
Published: May 2015

Background

Cymothoa frontalis Milne Edward, 1840 is a very poorly described cymothoid, notwithstanding the previous redescription of the female. Pertinently, to date, the host of C. frontalis has not been identified with adequate precision. Most of the descriptions of cymothoids carried out hitherto were based primarily on females, but practically ignoring other life cycle stages. The present paper redescribes the female and describes other life cycle stages of the species C. frontalis to get better precision in their identification.

Results

The female phase of C. frontalis is redescribed according to type specimens extant in the NMNH, Paris, and also by the data obtained from live specimens collected during the present study. The general morphology and appendages of various life cycle stages of the species are described. Among 80 fish species from 35 families examined, C. frontalis was recovered only from Strongylura strongylura signifying its oligoxenous host specificity, the prevalence and intensity being 68.65% and 1.9, respectively. Each host fish in more than 85% of the population was infested with a pair of C. frontalis, in three combinations, predominantly with male-female pair (70.9%). C. frontalis exhibited strict site specificity attaching to the buccal cavity of the host fish. The study has also identified three major phases (marsupial, free living and infective) in the life cycle of C. frontalis. The zygotic-staged marsupiumites were developed through five sequential ontogenetic stages. The manca released from the marsupium become infective after a brief period of free swimming life. During the infective phase, C. frontalis completes remaining life cycle stages with successive moulting. Further, six successive stages of the ovigerous females have also been identified.

Conclusions

The present redescription of the female and the description of transitional, male, juvenile and larvae of C. frontalis facilitate precise identification of the species at any stage of the life cycle. Further, the strict host and site specificities of the parasite, as borne out from the present study, and its high degree of prevalence in the host make C. frontalis as an ideal model organism to study the strategies to be adopted for the management of parasites infesting edible fishes.
Differentiation of visual spectra and nuptial colorations of two Paratanakia himantegus subspecies (Cyprinoidea: Acheilognathidae) in response to the distinct photic conditions of their habitats
Authors: Chang Chia-Hao , Shao Yi Ta , Fu Wen-Chung , Anraku Kazuhiko , Lin Yeong-Shin , Yan Hong Young
Published: May 2015

Background

Vision, an important sensory modality of many animals, exhibits plasticity in that it adapts to environmental conditions to maintain its sensory efficiency. Nuptial coloration is used to attract mates and hence should be tightly coupled to vision. In Taiwan, two closely related bitterlings (Paratanakia himantegus himantegus and Paratanakia himantegus chii) with different male nuptial colorations reside in different habitats. We compared the visual spectral sensitivities of these subspecies with the ambient light spectra of their habitats to determine whether their visual abilities correspond with photic parameters and correlate with nuptial colorations.

Results

The electroretinogram (ERG) results revealed that the relative spectral sensitivity of P. h. himantegus was higher at 670 nm, but lower at 370 nm, than the sensitivity of P. h. chii. Both bitterlings could perceive and reflect UV light, but the UV reflection patterns differed between genders. Furthermore, the relative irradiance intensity of the light spectra in the habitat of P. h. himantegus was higher at long wavelengths (480–700 nm), but lower at short wavelengths (350–450 nm), than the light spectra in the habitats of P. h. chii.

Conclusions

Two phylogenetically closely related bitterlings, P. h. himantegus and P. h. chii, dwell in different waters and exhibit different nuptial colorations and spectral sensitivities, which may be the results of speciation by sensory drive. Sensory ability and signal diversity accommodating photic environment may promote diversity of bitterling fishes. UV light was demonstrated to be a possible component of bitterling visual communication. The UV cue may assist bitterlings in gender identification.
Functionally and morphologically distinct populations of extracellular vesicles produced by human neutrophilic granulocytes
Authors: Lőrincz Ákos M , Schütte Maria , Timár Csaba I , Veres Daniel S , Kittel Ágnes , McLeish Kenneth R , Merchant Michael L , Ligeti Erzsébet
Published: May 2015

EVs in the microvesicle size range released during spontaneous death of human neutrophils were characterized and their properties compared with previously described EVs with antibacterial effect (aEVs, generated on specific activation) or produced spontaneously (sEVs). The 3 vesicle populations overlapped in size and in part of the constituent proteins were stained with annexin V and were impermeable to PI. However, none of them produced superoxide. In contrast, remarkable differences were observed in the morphology, abundance of proteins, and antibacterial function. EVs formed spontaneously in 30 min (sEVs) were more similar to EVs released during spontaneous death in 1–3 d than to EVs formed in 30 min on stimulation of opsonin receptors (aEVs). Spontaneously generated EVs had no antibacterial effect despite their large number and protein content. We hypothesized 2 parallel mechanisms: one that proceeds spontaneously and produces EVs without antibacterial effect and another process that is triggered by opsonin receptors and results in differential sorting of proteins into EVs with antibacterial capacity. Our results call attention to the functional and morphologic heterogeneity within the microvesicle/ectosome fraction of EVs.
Introduction
Authors: Roy Rohan Deb
Published: May 2015

The themed section “Nonhuman Empires” contributes to a critique of anthropocentrism in the field of imperial history. It reveals the variety of ways in which the historical trajectories of nonhuman animals and empires both intersected and informed one another. Beyond merely rehabilitating nonhuman themes in conversations about imperial history, it provides a platform for rethinking both nonhumans and empires as they are envisioned conventionally in the historiography. This introductory article begins by situating this special section as a conversation between science studies and animal studies, on the one hand, and the historiography of empires, on the other. It then suggests ways to reconceptualize agency, subjects, nonhumans, and empire by combining certain shared concerns of subaltern studies and actor-network theory. Finally, it emphasizes the need to integrate postcolonial critiques with emerging scholarship about the posthuman.
Textured Feminisms
Authors: Booth Marilyn
Published: May 2015

Comparing He-Yen Jhen’s work to that of her Egyptian contemporary Malak Hifni Nasif allows lateral thinking across Asian and African societies on how feminists articulated their stances with regard to male counterparts in their own societies, as well as the shifting gender-differential practices of the Euro/American societies that they critically evaluated. Can such comparisons elicit shared vocabularies—and parallel silences—that help us to situate feminisms historically as both cosmopolitan and deeply local interventions in times and places marked by late imperial capitalism?
He-Yin Zhen, Oyewumi, and Geographies of Anti-Universalism
Authors: George Abosede
Published: May 2015

George’s essay addresses the difference that distinctions of history and geography make to the development of He-Yin Zhen’s, Oyeronke Oyewumi’s, and Kimberle Crenshaw’s theorizations of gender difference. Despite their various entrees into the question of gender difference and the different points that each settles upon, He-Yin’s, Oyewumi’s, and Crenshaw’s writings reflect a shared anti-universalism that forms a critique of Western majoritarian feminist theory. The works of these scholars and others working from a position of marginalized knowledges underscore the violence of universalism in feminist theory and the ongoing urgency of literal and epistemological translation to the field of feminist studies.
Echolocation in the bat, Rhinolophus capensis: the influence of clutter, conspecifics and prey on call design and intensity
Authors: Fawcett Kayleigh , Jacobs David S. , Surlykke Annemarie , Ratcliffe John M.
Published: May 2015

Echolocating bats are exposed not only to the echoes of their own calls, but often the signals of conspecifics and other bats. For species emitting short, frequency modulated signals e.g. vespertilionoids, adjustments in both the frequency and time domain have been observed in such situations. However, bats using long duration, constant frequency calls may confront special challenges, since these bats should be less able to avoid temporal and frequency overlap. Here we investigated echolocation call design in the highduty cycle bat, Rhinolophus capensis, as bats flew with either a conspecific or heterospecific in a large outdoor flight-room. We compared these recordings to those made of bats flying alone in the same flight-room, and in a smaller flight room, alone, and hunting tethered moths. We found no differences in duty cycle or peak frequency of the calls of R. capensis across conditions. However, in the presence of a conspecific or the vespertilionoid, Miniopterus natalensis, R. capensis produced longer frequency-modulated downward sweeps at the terminus of their calls with lower minimum frequencies than when flying alone. In the presence of the larger high-duty cycle bat, R. clivosus, R. capensis produced shorter calls than when flying alone or with a conspecific. These changes are similar to those of vespertilionoids when flying from open to more cluttered environments. They are not similar to those differences observed in vespertilionoids when flying with other bats. Also unlike vespertilinoids, R. capensis used calls 15 dB less intense in conspecific pairs than when alone.
The function of resilin in honeybee wings
Authors: Ma Yun , Ning Jian Guo , Ren Hui Lan , Zhang Peng Fei , Zhao Hong Yan
Published: May 2015

The present work aims to reveal morphological characteristics of worker honeybee (Apis mellifera) wings and demonstrate the function of resilin on camber changes during flapping flight. Detailed morphological investigation of the wings showed that different surface characteristics appeared on the dorsal and ventral side of the honeybee wings and the linking structure connecting the forewing and hindwing plays an indispensible role in honeybee flapping flight. Resilin stripes were found on both the dorsal and ventral side of the wings, and resilin patches mostly existed on the ventral side. On the basis of resilin distribution, five flexion lines and three cambered types around the lines of passive deformation of the coupled-wing profile were obtained, which defined the deformation mechanism of the wing along the chord, i.e., concave, flat plate and convex. According to the movie of the high-speed photography from the three orthogonal views for the free flight of honeybees, periodic changes of the coupled-wing profile were acquired and further demonstrated that the deformation mechanism is fundamental domination for variable deformed shapes of the wing profile during flapping flight and especially the flat wing profile achieves nice transition between downstrokes and upstrokes.
Physiological and molecular responses of the goldfish kidney (Carassius auratus) to metabolic acidosis, and potential mechanisms of renal ammonia transport
Authors: Lawrence Michael J. , Wright Patricia A. , Wood Chris M.
Published: May 2015

Relative to the gills, the mechanisms by which the kidney contributes to ammonia and acid-base homeostasis in fish are poorly understood. Goldfish were exposed to a low pH environment (pH 4.0; 48 h) which induced a characteristic metabolic acidosis, and an increase in total plasma [ammonia] but reduced plasma ammonia partial pressure (PNH3). In the kidney tissue, total ammonia, lactate and intracellular pH remained unchanged. The urinary excretion rate of net base under control conditions changed to net acid excretion under low pH, with contributions from both the NH4+ (∼30%) and titratable acidity minus bicarbonate (∼70%; TA-HCO3−) components. Inorganic phosphate (Pi), urea, and Na+ excretion rates were also elevated while Cl− excretion rates were unchanged. Renal alanine aminotransferase activity increased under acidosis. The increase in renal ammonia excretion was due to significant increases in both the glomerular filtration and the tubular secretion rates of ammonia, with the latter accounting for ∼75 % of the increase. There was also a 3.5-fold increase in the mRNA expression of renal Rhcg-b (Rhcg1) mRNA. There was no relationship between ammonia secretion and Na+ reabsorption. These data indicate that increased renal ammonia secretion during acidosis is likely mediated through Rh glycoproteins and occurs independently of Na+ transport, in contrast to branchial and epidermal models of Na+-dependent ammonia transport in freshwater fish. Rather, we propose a model of parallel H+/NH3 transport as the primary mechanism of renal tubular ammonia secretion that is dependent on renal amino acid catabolism.
Energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis trade-offs provide the basis for a new type of sensitivity to ocean acidification in a marine polychaete at a high CO2 vent: adenylate and phosphagen energy pools vs. carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Turner Lucy M. , Ricevuto Elena , Gallucci Alexia Massa , Gambi Maria-Cristina , Calosi Piero
Published: May 2015

Species distributions and ecology can often be explained by their physiological sensitivity to environmental conditions. Whilst we have a relatively good understanding of how these are shaped by temperature, for other emerging drivers, such as pCO2 we know relatively little. The marine polychaete Sabella spallanzanii increases its metabolic rate when exposed to high pCO2 conditions and remains absent from the CO2 vent of Ischia. To understand new possible pathways of sensitivity to CO2 in marine ectotherms, we examined the metabolic plasticity of S. spallanzanii exposed in situ to elevated pCO2 by measuring [fundamental metabolite] and [carbonic anhydrase]. We show that whilst this species can survive elevated pCO2 conditions in the short-term, and exhibits an increase in energy metabolism, this is accompanied by a significant decrease in [carbonic anhydrase]. These homeostatic changes are unlikely to be sustainable in the longer term, indicating S. spallanzanii may struggle with future high pCO2 conditions.
Digesting pythons quickly oxidize the proteins in their meals and save the lipids for later
Authors: McCue Marshall D. , Guzman R. Marena , Passement Celeste A.
Published: May 2015

Pythons digesting rodent meals exhibit up to 10-fold increases in their resting metabolic rates (RMR); this increase in RMR is termed specific dynamic action (SDA). Studies have shown that SDA is partially fuelled by oxidizing dietary nutrients, yet it remains unclear whether the proteins and the lipids in their meals contribute equally to this energy demand. We raised two populations of mice on diets labeled with either 13C-leucine or 13C-palmitic acid to intrinsically enrich the proteins and lipids in their bodies, respectively. Ball pythons (Python regius) were fed whole mice (and pureed mice three weeks later) after which we measured their metabolic rates and the δ13C in the breath. The δ13C in the whole bodies of the protein- and lipid-labeled mice were generally similar (i.e., 5.7±4.7‰ and 2.8±5.4‰, respectively) but the oxidative kinetics of these two macronutrient pools were quite different. We found that the snakes oxidized 5% of the protein and only 0.24% of the lipids in their meals within 14 days. Oxidation of the dietary proteins peaked 24 h after ingestion at which point these proteins provided ∼90% of the metabolic requirement of the snakes and by 14 d the oxidation of these proteins decreased to nearly zero. The oxidation of the dietary lipids peaked one day later at which point these lipids supplied ∼25% of the energy demand. Fourteen days after ingestion these lipids were still being oxidized and continued to account for ∼25% of the metabolic rate. Pureeing the mice reduced the cost of gastric digestion and decreased SDA by 24%. Pureeing also reduced the oxidation of dietary proteins by 43%, but it had no effect on the rates of dietary lipid oxidation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that pythons are able to effectively partition the two primary metabolic fuels in their meals. This approach of uniquely labeling the different components of the diet will allow researchers to examine new questions about how and when animals use the nutrients in their meals.
Myoglobin oxygen affinity in aquatic and terrestrial birds and mammals
Authors: Wright Traver J. , Davis Randall W.
Published: May 2015

Myoglobin (Mb) is an oxygen binding protein found in vertebrate skeletal muscle where it facilitates intracellular transport and storage of oxygen. This protein has evolved to suit unique physiological needs in the muscle of diving vertebrates that express Mb at much greater concentrations than their terrestrial counterparts. In this study, we characterized Mb oxygen affinity (P50) from 25 species of aquatic and terrestrial birds and mammals. Among diving species we tested for correlations between Mb P50 and routine dive duration. Across all species examined, Mb P50 ranged from 2.40–4.85 mmHg. The mean P50 of Mb from terrestrial ungulates was 3.72±0.15 mmHg (range 3.70–3.74 mmHg). The P50 of cetaceans was similar to terrestrial ungulates ranging from 3.54–3.82 mmHg with the exception of the melon-headed whale that had a significantly higher P50 of 4.85 mmHg. Among pinnipeds, the P50 ranged from 3.23–3.81 mmHg and showed a trend for higher oxygen affinity in species with longer dive durations. Among diving birds, the P50 ranged from 2.40–3.36 mmHg and also showed a trend of higher affinities in species with longer dive durations. In pinnipeds and birds, low Mb P50 was associated with species whose muscles are metabolically active under hypoxic conditions associated with aerobic dives. Given the broad range of potential globin oxygen affinities, Mb P50 from diverse vertebrate species appears constrained within a relatively narrow range. High Mb oxygen affinity within this range may be adaptive for some vertebrates that make prolonged dives.
Regional modulation of the response to glutathione in Hydra vulgaris (Pallas, 1766).
Authors: Pierobon Paola
Published: May 2015

In the presence of prey, or upon exposure to reduced glutathione (GSH), Hydra polyps open a mouth to ingest the captured prey and close it after feeding; at rest the mouth is not evident. In previous papers we have shown that GABA, glycine and NMDA modulate the mechanisms of mouth closure through Ligand-Gated-Ion-Channel receptors that compare to their mammalian analogues in terms of biochemical and pharmacological properties. In order to study the regional distribution of these receptors, we have applied the GSH assay to polyps amputated at different levels of the body column. The response to 1-10 µM GSH of polyps lacking either peduncle and foot or the entire body columns (heads) was not different from control, whole animals. In the presence of GABA or muscimol duration of the response was significantly decreased in heads; the decrease was suppressed by the GABA antagonists gabazine and bicuculline. By contrast, in animals lacking peduncle and foot, duration of the response did not vary upon GABA administration. Conversely, in the presence of glycine, duration of the response in heads preparations was similar to control, while in footless polyps it was significantly reduced. The decrease was mimicked by the glycine agonists taurine and β-alanine, and counteracted by strychnine. These results suggest a regional distribution of receptors to GABA and glycine in the neuromuscular circuitry modulating the feeding behaviour.
Fruit & Veg: P for Pomegranate…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: May 2015

This month, we continue our extended adventure around the alphabetical vegetables and fruits of the world, by looking at an ancient fruit with a link to the Greek gods.
Getting back to basics
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: May 2015

We have all spent our time and money trying to conform to the pressures of providing the ‘right’ resources and environments, but has this really improved the care we offer children?
Retained fetal membranes in dairy cows
Authors: Iwersen Michael , Drillich Marc
Published: May 2015

Retention of the fetal membranes (RFM) is one of the most common postpartum diseases in dairy cows. Risk factors include poor prepartum body condition, dystocia, hypocalcaemia, and many others. Although the manual removal of the fetal membranes and the use of intrauterine antibiotics are common strategies, recent research has scrutinised these treatments and tested strategies where only pyrexic RFM cows received a systemic antibiotic treatment whereas cows with RFM but no fever remained untreated. Furthermore, the use of oxytocin or prostaglandin F2αseems to be of limited value. This review provides an overview of current literature with a focus on treatment strategies for retained fetal membranes.
Vertebral body infections in lambs
Authors: Crilly James Patrick , Scott Phil
Published: May 2015

Vertebral body infections (variously described as vertebral body empyema or vertebral osteomyelitis) are an important differential diagnosis for paresis and paralysis in lambs. This article aims to outline the clinical signs, differential diagnoses, diagnostic techniques and pathological changes associated with this condition and to illustrate these with a case series.
Diagnosing the cause of equine collapse
Authors: Keen John A
Published: May 2015

Collapse in the horse is rare but when it occurs it can have significant impact on the horse and the owner. The potential causes of collapse are many, but most clinical cases fall into a few ‘common’ diagnoses. Obtaining a detailed history, clinical examination and use of further focussed diagnostic tests including video evidence should pay dividends; and in most cases allow veterinary surgeons to hone down the most likely cause of collapse. It is worth warning the owners at the outset however, that if the episode has only occurred once it may be very difficult to get a diagnosis as they may never collapse again.
Objective lameness assessment: can it really tell us anything different?
Authors: Fiske-Jackson Andy
Published: May 2015

Objective gait analysis has become more accessible with the availability of small portable wireless inertial sensors that can be fixed to pre-defined points on the horse to measure upper body movement. Over the years a huge number of kinematic papers in the horse have been published but the terminology used is often complex and thus understanding of the data is diminished. This article aims to present the data generated by small, wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) in a user friendly format and to demonstrate the potential for objective gait analysis to increase veterinary practitioners' ability to detect subtle and complex lameness.
EquineReview
Authors: Hall Suzy
Published: May 2015

Introduction:

This edition of Equine Review considers papers on bone scintigraphy, temporomandibular joint pathology, angle contrast ultrasound, and the effect of winter fracture on racing.
Switching off: how homes can make savings on their energy bills
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: May 2015

Be it upcoming contract renewals or current pricing, there is money to be saved from being smarter with energy. Adam Bernstein looks at some of the options for care homes, from using an energy consultancy, to not being ‘out of contract’
Colour your consonants
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: May 2015

Make spelling fun by using these activities which include word webs and silly sentences. They will encourage children to place words in their correct context.
Figuring out the words
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2015

Try these activities, taken from the Hopscotch Book, Cosmic Maths, to help year 3 students understand numbers written as digits and as words, up to 1,000.
Explore the mysteries of these ancient monoliths
Authors: Davis John
Published: May 2015

Stonehenge is a compelling subject for prehistory studies and is supported by a new visitors' centre with a wealth of resources for schools. John Davis provides a guide.
Wonderful waterways
Authors: Stanley Elaine
Published: May 2015

Get back to nature by taking children on a trip to their local canal or waterway. The Canals & River Trust offers a wealth of resources, information and activities.
Speak, listen and learn
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: May 2015

Help children to shape their language and literacy skills by encouraging them to speak and listen before activities. Talk through their ideas as a precursor to writing.
Bringing data to life is sometimes ‘just too easy’
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: May 2015

Sal McKeown hears how an online ‘toolsuite’ not only has the potential to teach basic computing skills but has wide-ranging applications for maths and literacy.
Reviewing the SEN register
Authors: Wilcox Alison
Published: May 2015

Reviewing your school's SEN register and implementing effective SEN strategy within the classroom is at the heart of the SEN reforms. Expert Alison Wilcox offers some advice
NEETs: Engaging pupils at risk
Authors: Ojumu Lekan
Published: May 2015

Engaging with young people at risk of becoming NEET is a continuing challenge for schools. Drawing on lessons from the Sporteducate scheme, Lekan Ojumu offers some insights
Taking a risk with… your classroom
Authors: Pittam Nadine
Published: May 2015

Continuing her series on risk-taking in your teaching, Nadine Pittam considers how we can push the boundaries with the structure and set up in our classrooms
Application of the Characteristic Function to Evaluate and Compare Analytical Variability in an External Quality Assessment Scheme for Serum Ethanol
Authors: Coucke Wim , Charlier Corine , Lambert Willy , Martens Frank , Neels Hugo , Tytgat Jan , Van de Walle Philippe , Vanescote André , Wallemacq Pierre , Wille Sarah , Verstraete Alain G
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUND

As a cornerstone of quality management in the laboratory, External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are used to assess laboratory and analytical method performance. The characteristic function is used to describe the relation between the target concentration and the EQA standard deviation, which is an essential part of the evaluation process. The characteristic function is also used to compare the variability of different analytical methods.

METHODS

We fitted the characteristic function to data from the Belgian External Quality Assessment program for serum ethanol. Data included results from headspace gas chromatography and the enzymatic methods of Abbott, Roche, Siemens, and Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics. We estimated the characteristic function with weighted nonlinear regression. By introducing dummy variables, we rewrote the original formula of the characteristic function to assess statistical inference for comparing the variability of the different analytical methods.

RESULTS

The characteristic function fitted the data precisely. Comparison between methods showed that there was little difference between the estimated variability for low concentrations, and that the increase in SD with increasing target concentration was slower for Abbott and Roche than for the other methods.

CONCLUSIONS

The characteristic function can successfully be introduced in clinical schemes, although its applicability to fit the data should always be assessed. Because of its easy parameterization, it can be used to assess differences in performance between analytical methods and to assess laboratory performance. The characteristic function also offers an alternative framework for coefficients of variation to describe variability of analytical methods.
André Siegfried in New Zealand: A racialist vision of social progress
Authors: David-Ives Corinne
Published: May 2015

New Zealand at the turn of the nineteenth century appeared as a social laboratory in the eyes of the world. A small British self-governing colony, soon to become a dominion, New Zealand, together with some of the Australian states, had attracted the attention of a number of intellectuals beyond the borders of the British Empire. In a troubled international context of mounting challenges to the established order, New Zealand appeared as a fascinating compromise: a paradise for the workers, without class struggle; a laboratory of socialist ideas, in the guise of a liberal regime; a loyal colonial society but in the process of maturing and developing its own national identity. André Siegfried, considered to this day the father of French political science, crossed over to the Antipodes to analyze the ‘social laboratory’ of the western world. This was fieldwork that would give him the material for a first Ph.D.

Siegfried had every intention to be objective and to follow a scientific method that would eventually lead to the recognition of political science as a proper discipline. However, he also came to New Zealand with his own bias and was very much influenced by emerging discourses on race and national identity conveyed by certain French intellectuals of the time. This article focuses on the racial assumptions on which Siegfried based his analysis of the New Zealand democracy. It seeks to demonstrate that Siegfried’s vision of progress in New Zealand was not so much based on facts as on an intense preoccupation to do with the future of the so-called white race. Far from supporting progress, Siegfried takes us on a path that sees any social advancement as the natural outcome of superior inherited traits. This article tries to shed light on the discrepancies between this racialist vision and the then dominant ideology in New Zealand. Although notions of a hierarchy between races were common at the time and shared by all colonial powers, Siegfried’s own brand differed and led to a flawed interpretation of the situation in New Zealand, in particular in the field of race relations.
Voyages ‘Across the Board’: A game of postcolonial chess
Authors: Drayton Joanne
Published: May 2015

‘Across the Board’ is a project initiated by the author, which explores diaspora and migration, bringing together representations of ancestors to a chessboard, which is used as a metaphor for the postcolonial relationship between Maori and Pakeha in Aotearoa New Zealand. Sir Peter Buck, renowned Maori anthropologist, once described his forebears as the ‘Vikings of the Sunrise’. Why? Because his ancestors were part of a wave of remarkable seaborne migration that carried people from their origins to the margins of human imagination and endurance – to the land where the sun rises first in the world. But the word Viking communicated more than just sea travel or migration, it evoked the spirit of a people whose warrior history was conveyed orally in songs, in eddic and skaldic poetry, in myths and legends, and in its amazing tradition of ivory, stone and wood carving. In 1831, Viking chess pieces were discovered on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides. It is believed that the pieces were made in a workshop in Norway in the mid-twelfth century. Their role as a carrier of culture and memory remains. By reflecting on research and the practice of a twenty-first century bone workshop to make a new chess set inspired by the Lewis pieces, this article explores these ideas in relation to biculturalism in New Zealand. It also examines the conceptual underpinnings of a project that uses the game of chess as a metaphor to consider the impact of diaspora in New Zealand.
The Samoan parsonage family: The concepts of feagaiga and tagata’ese
Authors: Muaiava Sadat
Published: May 2015

Contact between the indigenous peoples of the Pacific and the western world has had immense sociocultural and linguistic impacts on indigenous communities. Perhaps the major source of sociocultural and linguistic impact in the Pacific can be attributed to the arrival of Christianity. This is certainly the case for Samoa. The fusion between fa’asamoa (Samoan culture) and the lotu (church) is evidence of Christianity’s profound impact. The fusion is also evidence of the Samoan people’s unequivocal stance for cultural safeguarding. As missionaries sought to eradicate much of the Samoan beliefs system, the Samoan leaders at the time were content to construct the new doctrine around the fa’asamoa.

The highest class in the church is the faife’au (church pastor). A decade after continued missionary work in Samoa, the faife’au and his family were introduced by the missionaries, once they had deemed that the Samoan church was fit for self-governance. Today, both in Samoa and overseas, the church is structured around the Samoan indigenous political order. To some degree, the faife’au was also bestowed the highest of honorific status in Samoa. Yet the Samoan parsonage family is unique in the Samoan class structure. The aim of this article is to discuss this uniqueness by examining the feagaiga (covenant) and tagata’ese (stranger) experiences of the Samoan parsonage family. Both the feagaiga and tagata’ese concepts are fused entities that have been constructed by both the fa’asamoa and lotu. The Samoan parsonage family has been neglected in both the Pacific mainstream and theological literatures until now.
“Go where the Love Is”: Failed Emotional Negotiations of Space and Identity in Tessa McWatt's This Body
Authors: Igartuburu García Elena
Published: May 2015

Identity, space and emotions, although traditionally all traditionally naturalized and delinked from the construction of one another, might also be read as formed by intertwined processes that are guided and shaped by hegemonic powers. Nonetheless, as they delineating difference within and among themselves, the consideration of these three fields and the way they work together in these shaping opens up new ways to approach the split between normative categories of identity, assigned location and adequate feelings, and their subjective perception. Tessa McWatt’s novel This Body presents the reader with two Guyanese characters, Victoria and her nephew Derek, that undergo, at many different levels, this split between subjectivity and a socially and culturally given subject position. Challenging normative ideals, Victoria struggles with her categorization as Other; an endeavour marked by her trajectories and experiences as she negotiates and redeploys a physical as well as a social space of her own in the city of London. Still, her love relationship with a British man would make her drift towards assimilation inasmuch as this affair relocates Victoria within dominant gender, ethnic and class hierarchies.
Affect and Agency in Modern Warfare Videogames: Feeling the Muslim Enemy
Authors: De Riso Giuseppe
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to discuss the acted or performed dimension through which Western warfare videogames are employed in the creation of culturally divided identities. During the interaction, affects and emotions are channelled in order to shape subjects acritically embracing Western values, while also driving a larger process of construction of a generic Muslim enemy. On the one hand, Middle-Eastern subjects work as agents of a polarizing process which prompts users’ aggressive reaction; on the other, whole Middle-Eastern cities and regions are being re-created as three-dimensional spaces, and then digitally stored to expand huge terrestrial and cultural databases. These function on two levels: first, as virtual training grounds for prospective soldiers, and secondly as affective maps providing cultural coordinates as to how Muslim territory is to be felt and, consequently, lived.
The Mystory: The Garage D'Or of Ereignis
Authors: Mauer Barry Jason
Published: May 2015

The performance of identity involves impression management, social skills, and self-reflexivity. To perform identity in media environments involves writing our identities into being. Media environments have facilitated a new kind of selfhood—brand—in which we model our identities on celebrities. However, because brand identity has no ethical grounding, it raises legitimate concerns. To incorporate ethics, I perform my identity through mystory, Gregory Ulmer’s genre of reflexive writing. By composing a mystory, I consult with an avatar—which in Hindu tradition was a god descended into earthly form—that reveals my ethical condition and a pathway through it. This consultation functions as pharmakon (Derrida, 1995), revealing truths to me which both wound and heal. I use mystory to address a personal question, “How do I lead an ethical life?” and a policy problem: water pollution in Florida. The conclusion of this essay presents a response to this problem: a performance art piece designed to teach manatees about mortality.
Women in Nabokov’s Russian novels
Authors: Garipova Castellano Nailya
Published: May 2015

This article examines the presence of female characters in the Nabokov’s novels of the Russian period (1925-1939). There is a pattern in the use of female characters that illuminates the novels studied. It clarifies our understanding of Nabokov’s literary techniques and contributes to the comprehension of two major themes seen in all his works: the passionate yearning for his beloved Russia and the satiric perception of an imperfect world. Thus, two categories of Nabokov’s women can be distinguished: the bearers of the Russian culture and the unfaithful vamps. The so called bearers of the Russian culture, presented and described in a positive way, function as guiding stars for their lovers: they help them to survive in the hostile surroundings of their exile. These characters represent the nature of the Russian womanhood; they are kind, tender, pure and supportive, and at the same time they are strong and powerful. Their descriptions allude to the heroines of the Russian literature and they share the author’s passion for the Russian literature and culture. The so called unfaithful vamps represent the world of the poshlost’, vulgarity and deceit. These female characters have common characteristics that make them unpleasant: they are ignorant in the world of art and literature, and they are greedy owners representing passion and lust. After this classification of Nabokov’s women we see that his two main modes of presenting female characters reflect his two major themes: they function as the personification of the lost paradise of the past Russia and as an embodiment of human fallibility and weakness.
Multimodal signs in (non)heteronormative discourse of transnational Hindi cinema: the case study of Hindi film Dostana
Authors: Rizwan Snobra
Published: May 2015

This article conducts a detailed analysis of multimodal signifiers in a popular Hindi film Dostana (meaning friendship) with particular focus on film’s (non) heteronormative and sexist system of signification. The signifiers that construct gender and sexual stereotypical worldview of the film are analyzed following Lazar’s (2007) conception of feminist critical discourse analysis and Wodak’s (2001) framework of Discourse Historical Approach which proposes three simultaneously functioning aspects of discourse, i.e. immanent, diagnostic and prognostic. The multimodal signifiers in the film are analyzed within Indo-Pakistani discursive context where patriarchal discourse does not seem to allow any cognitive pattern and mental model other than heteronormativity and heterosexual love and romance. In such discursive set-up, so-called deviant sexualities and gender roles struggle for voice, signifiers and representation. The prognostic critique of this article can be thought of as Positive Discourse Analysis (Martin, 2004), because eventually film’s text offers some examples of how certain multimodal signs can be used to resist hegemonic patriarchal and heteronormative discourses which are considered common sense and natural by mainstream Hindi film audience.
SEGURANÇA JURÍDICA, LEGALIDADE E O PODER-DEVER DO TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS PARA REGISTRO DOS ATOS DE APOSENTADORIA, REFORMA E PENSÃO
Authors: Dias Cardoso Adriana Regina , Dias Cardoso Luiz Eduardo
Published: May 2015

O presente artigo objetiva discorrer acerca da atuação dos Tribunais de Contas no registro dos atos de aposentadoria, reforma e pensão com enfoque na problemática da limitação temporal para no exercício desta competência constitucional. O texto busca esclarecer, com base na jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores, o marco inicial para a contagem do prazo decadencial para que a Administração Pública possa rever os atos de pessoal, concluindo com as ponderações sobre as implicações decorrentes da demora no registro destes atos e de eventual garantia de proteção ao particular em face da alteração ou anulação dos respectivos atos.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA CIDADANIA, A DEMOCRACIA E A TEORIA COSMOPOLITA: ANÁLISE DE UM CASO A PARTIR DO FENÔMENO DAS ITERAÇÕES DEMOCRÁTICAS
Authors: Mesquita Leutchuk de Cademartori Daniela , Marques Poeta de Moraes Gabriel Augusto
Published: May 2015

Esse ensaio objetiva perceber questões estruturais da Teoria Cosmopolita, inicialmente desenvolvida por Immanuel Kant em “A Paz Perpétua” e contemporaneamente revisada pela autora turca Seyla Benhabib na obra Another Cosmopolitanism O ponto nevrálgico a ser analisado aqui será a aplicação do processo de Iterações Democráticas na observação de um caso específico (L’Affaire du Foulard) e como esse fenômeno, percebido num contexto de antecipação de novas modalidades de cidadania, pode ajudar a entender e contribuir para a democracia e o desenvolvimento de uma ideia mais adequada de sociedade civil global.
EFETIVIDADE DAS NORMAS CONSTITUCIONAIS E SENTENÇAS COM EFEITOS ADITIVOS NA JUSTIÇA CONSTITUCIONAL PORTUGUESA E BRASILEIRA
Authors: Silva de Amorim Camila
Published: May 2015

A partir da análise da eficácia ou da efetividade das normas jurídicas no exercício da jurisdição constitucional cumpre analisar o papel cada vez mais marcante nos casos de omissão legislativa do órgão constitucional. Da comparação entre a legislação do Brasil e do país irmão, Portugal, dada a influência deste em nosso controle de constitucionalidade, percebermos que o chamado ativismo judicial é notório na jurisprudência pátria. Assim, a análise hermenêutica constitucional nos permite traçar uma posição mais crítica sobre a famigerada atuação judicial do órgão de cúpula a quem incumbe à guarda da Constituição.
Thermal Comfort Difference on Gender under Military Garment System Using Thermal Manikin
Authors: An Su Kyoung , Domina Tanya
Published: May 2015

To protect military personnel's lives, the military provides, and requires personnel to wear, a military garment system, which includes a ballistic vest. In this study, three levels of a military garment system were tested to measure the thermal and evaporative resistances under the garment system. In addition, for female military personnel who wear ballistic vests designed for men, this study compared the thermal comfort values by gender through thermal manikin tests. The results concluded the need for better designed ballistic vests for improving the ventilation system.
One-Step Pad Dyeing and DP Finishing of Cotton: Part 2. Mechanism of Dye Fixation Using DMDHEU
Authors: Li Shiqi , Freeman Harold S. , Boyter Henry
Published: May 2015

This paper is a follow up to previous work from these laboratories, which led to a method for simultaneous reactive dye fixation and DMDHEU finishing of cotton at significantly higher shade depths ( K/ S values) than previously reported. The introduction of a steaming step prior to curing was critical to achieving high shade depths. The goal of this report is to present the mechanistic basis for these results. In this regard, results from conducting reactive dye/DMDHEU chemistry on a solid surface and from solvent extractions of dyed cotton before and after powdering indicate that dye fixation occurred by DMDHEU-induced entrapment rather than dye-fiber dye-DMDHEU bond formation.
Modeling Degradation of Dye Molecules into Water, and Light Molecular and Gaseous Components
Authors: Gan Roy , Sarmadi Majid
Published: May 2015

An experimental model using only bijective functions was designed to describe the dye degradation of three dyes: C.I. Reactive Blue 19, C.I. Reactive Black 5, and C.I. Reactive Red 120. The experimental model was compared to a theoretical predictive exponential decay model based on the principles of Fick's first law of diffusion. The models agreed within a range of 3 to 35% for the Reactive Blue 19 experiments, 1 to 9% for the Reactive Black 5 experiments, and 1 to 15% for the Reactive Red 120 experiments, with tighter fits at higher rates and concentrations. A 25% increase in the volume of solvent used only decreased the residence times of the reaction by 0.9%, 0.6%, and 5.3%, respectively.
Application of HPM to Find Analytical Solution of Coette Flow with Variable Viscosity
Authors: Azimi Alireza , Azimi Mohammadreza , Javanfar Amirhossein
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the couette flow of fluid with variable viscosity is studied analytically by using Homotopy Pertubation Method (HPM). At first the basic idea of Homotopy Pertubation Method (HPM) is presented. The mathematical formulation and application of HPM to nonlinear problem are presented in section three. In order to check the validity of solution the analytical results are compared with exact ones for various numerical cases. The good agreement between exact method and Homotopy Pertubation Method has been assures us about the solution accuracy.
The Influence of Clearances in a Drive System on Dynamics and Kinematics of a Telescopic Crane
Authors: Trąbka Arkadiusz
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the results of numerical analyses that were carried out in order to evaluate how a change in a size of a clearance in a slewing motion drive system of a telescopic crane influences the movement of a load and the dynamic loads of a structure. A computational model was developed based on a real structure of an experimental crane by using the ADAMS software. The analyses showed that a circumferential clearance at the output of a reduction gear, which is less than 1º, does not adversely affect the precision of the load movement. An excessive clearance leads to losing fluidity of a body slewing motion and to changes in the trajectory of the load.
The Diesel and the Vegetable oil Properties Assessment in terms of Pumping Capability and Cooperation with Internal Combustion Engine Fuelling System
Authors: Szpica Dariusz , Czaban Jarosław , Banaszuk Piotr , Weresa Emil
Published: May 2015

In the paper, the results of preliminary diesel and vegetable oil research were shown, the subject of which were directly intended to be the fuel for powering compression ignition engines. In the times of climate protection and more strict standards concerning combustion gas emissions, the fuel production and transportation process became an important aspect. Decentralization of this process and enabling fuel obtaining directly from cultivation (oleaginous plants) let limit the global CO2 emission. This is why the preliminary assessment of two fuel sorts properties was attempted, on one side, the basic one, which is the diesel, on the other side - vegetable oil. Prior to subjecting the compression ignition engine to the process of adaptation to vegetable fuelling, the properties of the fuel responsible for pumping should be assessed (mainly viscosity) and friction nodes cooperation (lubricity). The first of researched parameters is the base to elaborating the system of engine controlling algorithm or the range of changes in construction of powering system. The second one is the wear issue - object fitness and repairing overhauls.