bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between delinquent peer affiliation and disruptive behavior interacts with functional brain correlates of reward sensitivity: a biosocial interaction study in adolescent delinquents
Authors: Tielbeek Jorim J , van der Hooft Maarten , Cohn Moran D , van de Ven Peter M , Polderman Tinca JC , Veltman Dick J , Posthuma Danielle , Schuengel Carlo , van Domburgh Lieke , Popma Arne
Published: December 2023

Background

Affiliating with delinquent peers may stimulate the development of antisocial behavior, especially for adolescents who are sensitive to social rewards. The current study examines whether the association between delinquent peer affiliation (DPA) and disruptive behavior interacts with functional brain correlates of reward sensitivity in early onset male adolescents delinquents.

Methods

Childhood arrestees (n = 126, mean age = 17.7 [s.d. 1.6]) completed a DPA questionnaire, and participated in an fMRI study in which reward sensitivity was operationalized through responsiveness of the ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during the monetary incentive delay paradigm (reward anticipation and outcome). Symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) were assessed through structured psychiatric interviews (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children) with adolescents.

Results

DPA had a main effect on DBD symptoms. Adolescents with high VS reward responses showed a stronger significant positive association between DPA and DBD symptoms compared to low VS responders. No evidence for an interaction effect was found for the amygdala and mPFC. Post-hoc analyses revealed the positive association between DPA and DBD was only present in males, with a diminishing effect as age increased.

Conclusions

We found evidence for a biosocial interaction between DPA and reward sensitivity of the VS in relation to DBD symptom severity. This study provides the first evidence of an interaction effect between a brain mechanism and an environmental factor in relation to DBD symptoms, implying that susceptibility to influences of delinquent peers may intertwine with individual biological differences.
Propagation dynamics of a mutualistic model of mistletoes and birds with nonlocal dispersal
Authors: He Juan , Zhang Guo-Bao , Liu Ting
Published: December 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of the propagation dynamics of a mutualistic model of mistletoes and birds with nonlocal dispersal. By applying the theory of asymptotic speeds of spread and travelling waves for monotone semiflows, we establish the existence of the asymptotic spreading speed$c^*$, the existence of travelling wavefronts with the wave speed$c\ge c^*$and the nonexistence of travelling wavefronts with$c\lt c^*$. It turns out that the spreading speed coincides with the minimal wave speed of travelling wavefronts. Moreover, some lower and upper bound estimates of the spreading speed$c^*$are provided.
CRMP5 participates in oocyte meiosis by regulating spastin to correct microtubule–kinetochore misconnection
Authors: Jin Zhen , Zhang Zhi-Cai , Xiao Chen-Yu , Li Mei-Qi , Li Qian-Ru , Gao Lei-Lei
Published: December 2023

Our previous studies have suggested that spastin, which aggregates on spindle microtubules in oocytes, may promote the assembly of mouse oocyte spindles by cutting microtubules. This action may be related to CRMP5, as knocking down CRMP5 results in reduced spindle microtubule density and maturation defects in oocytes. In this study, we found that, after knocking down CRMP5 in oocytes, spastin distribution shifted from the spindle to the spindle poles and errors in microtubule–kinetochore attachment appeared in oocyte spindles. However, CRMP5 did not interact with the other two microtubule-severing proteins, katanin-like-1 (KATNAL1) and fidgetin-like-1 (FIGNL1), which aggregate at the spindle poles. We speculate that, in oocytes, due to the reduction of spastin distribution on chromosomes after knocking down CRMP5, microtubule–kinetochore errors cannot be corrected through severing, resulting in meiotic division abnormalities and maturation defects in oocytes. This finding provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of spastin in oocytes and important opportunities for the study of meiotic division mechanisms.
Bāṇa, Vyomkesh Shastri, Stella Kramrisch: authority and authorship in Hazariprasad Dwivedi's Bāṇabhaṭṭa kī ‘ātmakathā’
Authors: Goulding Gregory
Published: December 2023

Hazariprasad Dwivedi's 1946 novel, Bāṇabhaṭṭa kī ‘ātmakathā’, has long been considered one of the most prominent historical novels in modern Hindi literature, canonised in literary history for its progressive view of the past and for elaborating an autobiographical voice for the seventh-century Sanskrit poet, Bāṇa. However, the many layers of fictive authorship that enfold the main narrative of the text are rarely taken into account. Examination of the metatextual materials of this text reveal, however, that Bāṇabhaṭṭa kī ‘ātmakathā’ is meant to be read in terms of the problem of its authorship, in such a way as to problematise the autobiographical voice that it presents to the reader. In this article, I analyse this material and argue that the actual author of the text, described as an Austrian woman named Catherine, is most likely inspired by Stella Kramrisch. Further analysis shows this novel to be deeply shaped by the intellectual milieu of interwar Bengal, where Dwivedi was a teacher at Shantiniketan and engaged in commenting upon the complex intellectual traditions that existed in part of that world.
Breastfeeding duration and associations with prevention of accelerated growth among infants from low-income, racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds
Authors: Dharod Jigna M , Frazier Christina M , Labban Jeffery , Black Maureen M
Published: December 2023

Objective:

To describe breastfeeding rates from early to late infancy and to examine associations between breastfeeding duration and infant growth, including rapid weight gain (RWG, > 0·67 SD increase in weight-for-age Z-score), among infants from low-income, racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds.

Design:

A short, prospective cohort study was conducted assessing breastfeeding status at infant ages 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months. Infant length and weight measurements were retrieved from electronic health records to calculate weight-for-length Z-scores and the rate of weight gain.

Setting:

Pediatric clinic in the Southeastern USA.

Participants:

Mother-infant dyads (n = 256).

Results:

Most participants were African American (48 %) or Latina (34 %). Eighty-one per cent were participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children. Infants were breastfed for a median duration of 4·75 months, with partial more common than exclusive breastfeeding. At 12 months, 28 % of the participants were breastfeeding. Infants breastfed beyond 6 months had significantly lower growth trajectories than infants breastfed for 0–2 months (β = 0·045, se = 0·013, P = 0·001) or 3–6 months (β = 0·054, se = 0·016, P = 0·001). Thirty-six per cent of the infants experienced RWG. RWG was more common among infants who were breastfed for 2 months or less than 6+ month breastfed group (relative risk = 1·68, CI95 (1·03, 2·74), P = 0·03).

Conclusions:

Breastfeeding beyond 6 months is associated with the prevention of accelerated growth among infants from low-income, racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds, suggesting progress toward health equity.
Does the Labour Service Cooperation Policy Promote Re-employment: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Luchan
Published: December 2023

While debates about the effectiveness of labour service cooperation policies are raging in Western countries, more information about this topic is needed in the Chinese context. Using the difference-in-differences identification framework and provincial panel data to estimate the employment-promoting effects of the labour service cooperation policy implemented in pilot provinces in China, this study found that the labour service cooperation policy helped to reduce the number of unemployed people and that public–private cooperation created a new approach by combining all stakeholders, such as job seekers, employers, and public employment service agencies. The labour service cooperation policy had a lag policy effect on employment promotion, which was persistent and constantly amplified. The policy was more effective when implemented in regions where the manufacturing industry is the primary sector and the unemployment burden is high.
The Gender Gap in Civil State Decorations: A Comparative Study of the Baltic States, 1994–2020
Authors: Köker Philipp , Weiher Nele , Schollmeyer Anja
Published: December 2023

Systems of state decorations have often been overlooked by political scientists. However, they are highly indicative of dominant social norms and power differentials. While historical research has highlighted gender disparities in award bestowals in individual countries, comparative perspectives and cross-national analyses are still missing. This article provides the most comprehensive comparative analysis of the gender gap in state decorations. Using an original data set of all 11,559 recipients of civil awards in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from 1994 to 2020, it shows that women received significantly fewer awards than men across the three countries, with only moderate progress over time. Even where women and men were recognized in equal numbers, women remained underrepresented among higher classes of awards and were more likely to be recognized for achievements in stereotypically feminine fields. Our findings contribute to research on gendered institutions and highlight the usefulness of award bestowals as an indicator of sociopolitical phenomena.
Loss and Damage, Climate Victims, and International Climate Law: Looking Back, Looking Forward
Authors: Toussaint Patrick
Published: December 2023

After more than three decades of negotiations, the international response to climate change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) appears to have come full circle. At COP27, parties to the UNFCCC agreed to establish a multilateral fund to address loss and damage from global temperature rise, an idea that was initially put forward by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) in the early 1990s. Employing a historical critique, which draws upon archival and doctrinal research and interviews with key informants who participated in the early days of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, this article examines the AOSIS proposal in its wider historical context, and provides reflections for the renewed endeavour to negotiate a multilateral fund on loss and damage, in particular with a view to achieving justice for climate victims.
Maximizing Societal Benefit Across Multiple Hyperspectral Earth Observation Missions: A User Needs Approach
Authors: Schiavon Emma , Taramelli Andrea , Tornato Antonella , Lee Christine M. , Luvall Jeffrey C. , Schollaert Uz Stephanie , Townsend Philip A. , Cima Valentina , Geraldini Serena , Nguyen Xuan Alessandra , Valentini Emiliana , Miller Charles E.
Published: December 2023

Imaging spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to support diverse Earth science and applications objectives, ranging from understanding and mitigating widespread impacts of climate change to management of water at farm‐scale. Community studies, such as those deployed by NASA's Surface Biology and Geology and ESA's Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission for the Environment, have offered new and tangible insights into user needs that are then incorporated into overall mission planning and design. These technologies and tools will be key to develop and consolidate downstream services for users and resource management, given the current pressures on the environment posed by climate change and population growth. This process has highlighted the degree to which planned mission capabilities are responsive to community needs. In this study, we analyze user requirements belonging to the Italian Copernicus User Forum and to the user pool of NASA's Surface Biology and Geology community for the synergic use of hyperspectral imaging technology, providing a reference for the development of earth observation services and the consolidation of existing ones. In addition, potential cross‐mission coordination is analyzed to highlight key benefits—(a) addressing shared community needs around products requiring more frequent temporal revisit and (b) shared resources and community expertise around algorithm development. This paper discusses the critical role of early engagement with users to establish a community of practice ready to work with high spatial resolution imaging spectroscopy data sets. The main outcome is a guide for the synergetic use of hyperspectral mission and data together with the identification of the main gaps between user needs and satellite capabilities influencing the development of key national and trans‐national downstream services.
Reconciling duty: a theory and typology of professionalism
Authors: Trathen Andrew , Scambler Sasha , Gallagher Jennifer E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Professionalism is expected of health professionals and advocated by professional regulators in the United Kingdom (UK). Concepts of professionalism have evolved in sociological discourse and its meaning for dentistry is unclear. It is, none-the-less, considered a core domain of dental education and professional practice by the United Kingdom regulator, the General Dental Council. This paper reports the sense-making process, or social process, of professionalism in practice within England.

Aim

To explore the research question ‘What does dental professionalism mean in practice?

Methods

Taking a constructivist grounded theory approach, involving purposive and theoretical sampling, 24 dental professionals were recruited to participate in this qualitative study. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted by one interviewer (AT). Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed leading to the development of a theory grounded in the data.

Results

A focus on the social-professional constructs used by participants to make sense of their experiences, resulted in a grounded theory where Reconciling Duty emerged as the core category. This represents a process of meeting professional duties to different parties that are often mutually exclusive. It is comprised of three supporting categories: Applying order to the system, where individuals attempt to identify what constitutes professional attitudes and behaviours, Rationalising what is fair, where individuals make judgements on how the conflict between duties should be resolved, and finally Responding to the System, where individuals attempt to actualise these desired resolutions in the context of the complex social system in which they practice. Three dentist archetypes (typologies) emerged, which involved a personal (Type 1), patient (Type 2), or a societal (Type 3) compromise.

Conclusion

Professionalism can be conceptualised as process of reconciling multiple, competing, legitimate duties to different parties, in seeking a fair solution. Once this has been identified, individuals need to work within the complex system of dentistry to make their identified outcome a reality. The findings suggest that using the theory of Reconciling Duty helps us to engage with the meaning that the participants drew from the term ‘professionalism’, and anchors it in the lived, everyday professional experiences and challenges faced. A novel typology is proposed, commensurate with calls for a systems approach to the topic.
Toxoplasma rhoptry proteins that affect encephalitis outcome
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Qu Lai , Chen Jie , Jin Yufen , Hu Kaisong , Zhou Zhengjie , Zhang Jiaqi , An Yiming , Zheng Jingtong
Published: December 2023

Toxoplasma gondii, a widespread obligate intracellular parasite, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. The cellular barrier of the central nervous system (CNS) is generally able to protect the brain parenchyma from infectious damage. However, T. gondii typically causes latent brain infections in humans and other vertebrates. Here, we discuss how T. gondii rhoptry proteins (ROPs) affect signaling pathways in host cells and speculate how this might affect the outcome of Toxoplasma encephalitis.
COVID-19 vaccination coverage for half a million non-EU migrants and refugees in England
Authors: Burns Rachel , Wyke Sacha , Eyre Max T. , Boukari Yamina , Sørensen Tina B. , Tsang Camille , Campbell Colin N. J. , Beale Sarah , Zenner Dominik , Hargreaves Sally , Campos-Matos Ines , Harron Katie , Aldridge Robert W.
Published: December 2023

Despite evidence suggesting that some migrants are at risk of under-immunization and have experienced severe health inequities during the pandemic, data are limited on migrants’ COVID-19 vaccine coverage globally. Here we linked data from non-European Union migrants and resettled refugees to the national COVID-19 vaccination dataset in England. We estimated patterns in second and third dose delays and overdue doses between 12 December 2020 and 20 April 2022 by age, visa type and ethnicity. Of the 465,470 linked records, 91.8% (427,073/465,470) of migrants received a second dose and 51.3% (238,721/465,470) received a third. Refugees had the highest risk of delayed second (adjusted odds ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.55–1.79) and third dose (1.55; 1.43–1.69). Black migrants were twice as likely to have a second dose delayed (2.37; 2.23–2.54) than white migrants, but this trend reversed for the third dose. Older migrants (>65 years) were four times less likely to have received their second or third dose compared with the general population in England aged >65 or older. Policymakers, researchers and practitioners should work to understand and address personal and structural barriers to vaccination for diverse migrant populations.
Deep UV-excited fluorescence microscopy installed with CycleGAN-assisted image translation enhances precise detection of lymph node metastasis towards rapid intraoperative diagnosis
Authors: Sato Junya , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Nakao Ryuta , Tanaka Hideo , Nagahara Hajime , Niioka Hirohiko , Takamatsu Tetsuro
Published: December 2023

Rapid and precise intraoperative diagnosing systems are required for improving surgical outcomes and patient prognosis. Because of the poor quality and time-intensive process of the prevalent frozen section procedure, various intraoperative diagnostic imaging systems have been explored. Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation (MUSE) is an inexpensive, maintenance-free, and rapid imaging technique that yields images like thin-sectioned samples without sectioning. However, pathologists find it nearly impossible to assign diagnostic labels to MUSE images of unfixed specimens; thus, AI for intraoperative diagnosis cannot be trained in a supervised learning manner. In this study, we propose a deep-learning pipeline model for lymph node metastasis detection, in which CycleGAN translate MUSE images of unfixed lymph nodes to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample, and diagnostic prediction is performed using deep convolutional neural network trained on FFPE sample images. Our pipeline yielded an average accuracy of 84.6% when using each of the three deep convolutional neural networks, which is a 18.3% increase over the classification-only model without CycleGAN. The modality translation to FFPE sample images using CycleGAN can be applied to various intraoperative diagnostic imaging systems and eliminate the difficulty for pathologists in labeling new modality images in clinical sites. We anticipate our pipeline to be a starting point for accurate rapid intraoperative diagnostic systems for new imaging modalities, leading to healthcare quality improvement.
Cerebral microcirculatory pulse wave propagation and pulse wave amplitude mapping in retrospectively gated MRI
Authors: Kornemann Norman , Klimeš Filip , Kern Agilo Luitger , Behrendt Lea , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Wattjes Mike P. , Wacker Frank , Vogel-Claussen Jens , Glandorf Julian
Published: December 2023

To analyze cerebral arteriovenous pulse propagation and to generate phase-resolved pulse amplitude maps from a fast gradient-echo sequence offering flow-related enhancement (FREE). Brain MRI was performed using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence at 3T followed by retrospective k-space gating. The time interval of the pulse wave between anterior-, middle- and posterior cerebral artery territories and the superior sagittal sinus were calculated and compared between and older and younger groups within 24 healthy volunteers. Pulse amplitude maps were generated and compared to pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pCASL) MRI maps by voxel-wise Pearson correlation, Sørensen-Dice maps and in regards to signal contrast. The arteriovenous delays between all vascular territories and the superior sagittal sinus were significantly shorter in the older age group (11 individuals, ≥ 31 years) ranging between 169 ± 112 and 246 ± 299 ms versus 286 ± 244 to 419 ± 299 ms in the younger age group (13 individuals) (P ≤ 0.04). The voxel-wise pulse wave amplitude values and perfusion-weighted pCASL values correlated significantly (Pearson-r = 0.33, P < 0.01). Mean Dice overlaps of high (gray) and low (white matter) regions were 73 ± 3% and 59 ± 5%. No differences in image contrast were seen in the whole brain and the white matter, but significantly higher mean contrast of 0.73 ± 0.23% in cortical gray matter in FREE-MRI compared to 0.52 ± 0.12% in pCASL-MRI (P = 0.01). The dynamic information of flow-related enhancement allows analysis of the cerebral pulse wave propagation potentially providing information about the (micro)circulation on a regional level. However, the pulse wave amplitude reveals weaknesses in comparison to true perfusion-weighting and could rather be used to calculate a pulsatility index.
Infantile scurvy as a consequence of agricultural intensification in the 1st millennium BCE Etruria Campana
Authors: Simonit Rachele , Maudet Ségolène , Giuffra Valentina , Riccomi Giulia
Published: December 2023

The 1st millennium BCE in Italy was a time of agricultural intensification of staple cereal production which shaped sociocultural, political, and economic spheres of pre-Roman groups. The lifeways and foodways of the Etruscans, the greatest civilization in western Europe before Roman hegemony, are traditionally inferred from secondary written sources, funerary archaeology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. However, no direct data extrapolated from the study of human skeletal remains are available to evaluate the extent to which agricultural intensification and decreased dietary diversity impacted health and the expression of skeletal indicators of metabolic disease. Macroscopic and radiological analyses were conducted on an archaeological skeletal sample of non-adults (n = 29) recovered from Pontecagnano (southern Italy) dating to the Orientalizing period (730–580 BCE). This allowed us to identify five cases of scorbutic non-adults and to assign diagnostic values to skeletal lesions of scurvy that have not been previously described in the literature. The onset of scurvy in the examined sample is related to the increased reliance of Etruscans on crops lacking vitamin C in this period of agricultural intensification. The skeletal expression of scurvy varied among the non-adults, with differences in location and disease severity; these were interpreted considering the age-at-death of the individuals coupled with feeding behaviors and interindividual variability.
Carbon-neutral power system enabled e-kerosene production in Brazil in 2050
Authors: Deng Ying , Cao Karl-Kiên , Wetzel Manuel , Hu Wenxuan , Jochem Patrick
Published: December 2023

Rich in renewable resources, extensive acreage, and bioenergy expertise, Brazil, however, has no established strategies for sustainable aviation fuels, particularly e-kerosene. We extend the lens from the often-studied economic feasibility of individual e-kerosene supply chains to a system-wide perspective. Employing energy system analyses, we examine the integration of e-kerosene production into Brazil’s national energy supplies. We introduce PyPSA-Brazil, an open-source energy system optimisation model grounded in public data. This model integrates e-kerosene production and offers granular spatial resolution, enabling federal-level informed decisions on infrastructure locations and enhancing transparency in Brazilian energy supply scenarios. Our findings indicate that incorporating e-kerosene production can bolster system efficiency as Brazil targets a carbon-neutral electricity supply by 2050. The share of e-kerosene in meeting kerosene demand fluctuates between 2.7 and 51.1%, with production costs varying from 113.3 to 227.3 €/MWh. These costs are influenced by factors such as biokerosene costs, carbon pricing, and export aspirations. Our findings are relevant for Brazilian policymakers championing aviation sustainability and offer a framework for other countries envisioning carbon-neutral e-kerosene production and export.
Gene expression alterations predict the pathological complete response in triple-negative breast cancer exploratory analysis of the NACATRINE trial
Authors: Freitas Ana Julia Aguiar , Nunes Caroline Rocha , Mano Max Senna , Causin Rhafaela Lima , Santana Iara Viana Vidigal , de Oliveira Marco Antonio , Calfa Stéphanie , Silveira Henrique César Santejo , de Pádua Souza Cristiano , Marques Márcia Maria Chiquitelli
Published: December 2023

This exploratory analysis of the Neoadjuvant Carboplatin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (NACATRINE) study aimed to identify the biomarkers of pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) within the context of a clinical trial. The NACATRINE trial is a phase II, single-center, randomized, open-label clinical trial that investigated the addition of carboplatin to sequential anthracycline- and taxane-based NAC for TNBC. We evaluated the gene expression in untreated samples to investigate its association with pCR, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). RNA was extracted from the tissue biopsy, and the nCounter Breast Cancer panel was used to analyze gene expression. Of the 66 patients included in the gene expression profiling analysis, 24 (36.4%) achieved pCR and 42 (63.6%) had residual disease. In unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses, differentially expressed genes between patients with and without pCR were identified irrespective of the treatment (24 genes), carboplatin (37 genes), and non-carboplatin (27 genes) arms. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, 10 genes in the carboplatin arm (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.936) and three genes in the non-carboplatin arm (AUC, 0.939) were considered to be potential pCR-associated biomarkers. We identified genes that were associated with improvements in OS and DFS in addition to being related to pCR. We successfully identified gene expression signatures associated with pCR in pretreatment samples of patients with TNBC treated with NAC. Further investigation of these biomarkers is warranted.
A stamped aluminium gas chromatographic column disk employing directly grown anodic aluminium oxide stationary phase for the separation of aromatic and chlorinated compounds
Authors: Fan Chih-Chieh , Wang Chih-Chia , Lu Chia-Jung
Published: December 2023

In this study, mesoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) with moderate polarity was used as a GC stationary phase to demonstrate the applicability to various compound species.
Target-initiated triplex signal amplification cascades for non-label and sensitive fluorescence sensing of microRNA
Authors: Liao Lei , Gong Tingting , Jiang Bingying , Yuan Ruo , Xiang Yun
Published: December 2023

Highly sensitive and label-free fluorescence sensing of the microRNA-21 biomarker is achieved via a new triplex signal amplification cascade.
Correction: Quantitative assessment of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology through high-throughput cantilever-based functional well plate systems
Authors: Kim Jongyun , Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Kim Dong-Su , Jeong Yun-Jin , Kanade Pooja P. , Kim Eung-Sam , Lee Bong-Kee , Lee Dong-Weon
Published: December 2023

Correction for ‘Quantitative assessment of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology through high-throughput cantilever-based functional well plate systems’ by Jongyun Kim et al., Analyst, 2023, 148, 5133–5143, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3AN01286G.
Divergent process for the catalytic decarboxylative thiocyanation and isothiocyanation of carboxylic acids promoted by visible light
Authors: Vigier Jordan , Gao Mélissa , Jubault Philippe , Lebel Hélène , Besset Tatiana
Published: December 2023

A divergent process for the catalytic decarboxylative thiocyanation and isothiocyanation of alkyl carboxylic acids promoted by visible light was developed.
Metal-chelating-membrane-derived TM/TMOx nitrogen-doped carbon fibers as efficient oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Xiaofen , Hu Wen , Zhu Jianwei , Yang Rusen
Published: December 2023

A metal-chelating membrane was exploited for the facile synthesis of nonprecious-metal-based ORR electrocatalysts with abundant exposed TM/TMOx nanoparticles anchored on N-doped graphitic carbon fibers.
Polymerization of monomer aggregates for tailoring and patterning water wettability
Authors: Dhar Manideepa , Mishra Chittaranjan , Das Avijit , Manna Uttam
Published: December 2023

Photopolymerization of aggregated monomers is introduced for modulating water wettability. A stable aqueous dispersion of monomer aggregates was achieved by transferring the dissolved monomer from a ‘good-solvent’ into a ‘bad-solvent’.
Mimic uracil–uracil base pairing: self-assembly and single crystal structure
Authors: Zhang Menglei , Li Zhongkui , Zhu Yanhong , Yan Li , Zhong Xue , Zhang Yijie , Li Ziyao , Bai Yixiang , Li Hui
Published: December 2023

The controllable synthesis of non-classical nucleobase pairs that can mimic partial biological behavior is very important for the in-depth study of DNA or RNA.
Comment on “Perturbation theory of scattering for grazing-incidence fast-atom diffraction”, by W. Allison, S. Miret-Artés and E. Pollak, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 15851
Authors: Bocan Gisela Anahí , Breiss Hanadi , Szilasi Samir , Momeni Anouchah , Staicu Casagrande Elena Magdalena , Sánchez Esteban Alejandro , Gravielle María Silvia , Khemliche Hocine
Published: December 2023

For GIFAD with He–KCl(001), this comment addresses the applicability of first order perturbation and the performance of a Morse-like potential.
Prediction of toluene/water partition coefficients of SAMPL9 compounds: comparison of the molecular dynamics force fields GAFF/RESP and GAFF/IPolQ-Mod + LJ-fit
Authors: Sprick Miriam , Raabe Gabriele
Published: December 2023

Force field comparison including solvation structure analysis for API compounds.
Halogen bond catalysis of the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 2-alkenylindoles: catalytic modes and stereoselectivity
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Chang , Zhang Huaiyu , Zeng Yanli
Published: December 2023

I⋯π halogen bond catalysis on the [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was investigated. There are two modes either on the ethenyl or the five-membered ring of 2-alkenylindole. Moreover, the stereoselectivity of the endo and exo pathways was compared.
Sub-millisecond microfluidic mixers coupled to time-resolved in situ photonics to study ultra-fast reaction kinetics: the case of ultra-small gold nanoparticle synthesis
Authors: Ramamoorthy Raj Kumar , Yildirim Ezgi , Rodriguez-Ruiz Isaac , Roblin Pierre , Lacroix Lise-Marie , Diaz Ana , Parmar Rohan , Teychené Sébastien , Viau Guillaume
Published: December 2023

We report a continuous microreactor platform achieving sub-millisecond homogeneous reagent mixing (∼300 μs) for a time-resolved study on the synthesis of ultra-small gold nanoparticles (NPs).
Automated centrifugal microfluidic system for the preparation of adaptor-ligated sequencing libraries
Authors: Guo Jimin , Brassard Daniel , Adam Nadine , Verster Adrian J. , Shay Julie A. , Miville-Godin Caroline , Janta-Polczynski Mojra , Ferreira Jason , Mounier Maxence , Pilar Ana V. , Tapp Kyle , Classen Adam , Shiu Matthew , Charlebois Denis , Petronella Nicholas , Weedmark Kelly , Corneau Nathalie , Veres Teodor
Published: December 2023

Using an advanced pneumatic centrifugal microfluidic technology and simple injected microfluidic devices, we demonstrate a complete ligation-based library preparation procedure and apply it to the characterization of foodborne pathogens.
An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform for microalgae detection and monitoring
Authors: Zheng Jiahao , Cole Tim , Zhang Yuxin , Bayinqiaoge  , Yuan Dan , Tang Shi-Yang
Published: December 2023

An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform (AIMP), which offers automated system control, intelligent data analysis, and user interaction was developed to provide a cost-effective and portable solution for detecting and monitoring microalgae.
A highly Mn2+-doped narrowband green phosphor toward wide color-gamut display applications
Authors: Zhan Chenyang , Zhu Haomiao , Liang Sisi , Huang Yingping , Wang Zihao , Hong Maochun
Published: December 2023

The highly doped phosphor La0.827Al11.9O19.09:Mn2+ exhibits intense green emission with a narrow FWHM, high PL QY and excellent thermal stability, which confer great potential for wide-color gamut LCD backlight applications.
Practical synthesis and divergent optimization of halichonine B for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical leads
Authors: Hu Nvdan , Wang Xia , Sun Shengxin , Yang Juan , Li Shengkun
Published: December 2023

Practical synthesis and divergent optimization of halichonine B for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical leads.
Electric power from shadows and indoors: solar cells under diffuse light conditions
Authors: Sim Yeon Hyang , Yun Min Ju , Fauzan Luthfan , Choi Hyekyoung , Lee Dong Yoon , Cha Seung I.
Published: December 2023

There is diffuse light in urban areas, so we need to utilize the angle of incident light for urban solar cells. In this paper, we propose a model to deal with complex diffuse light and predict the performance of solar cells in urban environments.
Diffusion across particle-laden interfaces in Pickering droplets
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Xu Mingjun , Portela Luis M. , Garbin Valeria
Published: December 2023

Real-time quantification of solute concentration fields in Pickering droplets using a Hele-Shaw geometry reveals the effect of the layer of nanoparticles on diffusion of solute across a liquid–liquid interface.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential Testing in Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Morlet Thierry , Valania Jenna , Walter Cassidy , Morini Giovanna , O'Reilly Robert C. , Parkes William , Pritchett Cedric
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

In the present report, we reviewed the role of cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) as an objective measure during the evaluation and management process in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).

Method:

We reviewed the results of CAEP recordings in 66 patients with ANSD aged between 2 months and 12 years and assessed the relationship between their characteristics (prevalence, morphology, latencies, and amplitudes) and various clinical features, including the mode of medical management.

Results:

Overall, the CAEPs were present in 85.2% of the ears tested. Factors such as prematurity, medical complexity, neuronal issues, or presence of syndromes did not have an effect on the presence or absence of CAEPs. CAEP latencies were significantly shorter in ears with cochlear nerve deficiency than in ears with a normal caliber nerve. Three different patterns of CAEP responses were observed in patients with bilateral ANSD and present cochlear nerves: (a) responses with normal morphology and presence of both P1-P2
complex
and N2 components, (b) responses with abnormal morphology and presence of the N2 component but undefined P1-P2
complex
peak, and (c) entirely absent responses. None of the patients with normal, mild, or moderate degree of hearing loss had a complete absence of CAEP responses. No significant differences were uncovered when comparing the latencies across unaided and aided children and children who later received cochlear implants.

Conclusions:

The CAEP protocol used in our ANSD program did inform about the presence or absence of central auditory stimulation. Absent responses typically fit into an overall picture of complete auditory deprivation and all of these children were ultimately offered cochlear implants after failing to develop oral language. Present responses, on the other hand, were acknowledged as a sign of some degree of auditory stimulation but always interpreted with caution given that prognostic implications remain unclear.
The disk of the eruptive protostar V900 Mon
Authors: Lykou F. , Ábrahám P. , Cruz-Sáenz de Miera F. , Varga J. , Kóspál Á. , Bouwman J. , Chen L. , Kraus S. , Sitko M. L. , Russell R. W. , Pikhartova M.
Published: December 2023

Aims. In this work, we study the silicate dust content in the disk of one of the youngest eruptive stars, V900 Mon, at the highest angular resolution, probing down to the inner 10 au of said disk, and study the historical evolution of the system, traced in part by a newly discovered emission clump.

Methods. We performed high angular resolution MIR interferometric observations of V900 Mon with MATISSE/VLTI with a spatial coverage ranging from 38 to 130-m baselines, and compared them to archival MIDI/VLTI data. We also mined and re-analyzed archival optical and infrared photometry of the star to study its long-term evolution since its eruption in the 1990s. We complemented our findings with integral field spectroscopy data from MUSE/VLT.

Results. The MATISSE/VLTI data suggest a radial variation in the silicate feature in the dusty disk, whereby at large spatial scales (≥10 au) the protostellar disk’s emission is dominated by large-sized (≥1μm) silicate grains, while at smaller spatial scales and closer to the star (≤5 au) silicate emission is absent, suggesting self-shielding. We propose that the self-shielding may be the result of small dust grains at the base of the collimated CO outflow previously detected by ALMA. A newly discovered knot in the MUSE/VLT data, located at a projected distance approximately 27 000 au from the star, is co-aligned with the molecular gas outflow at a P.A. of 250°(±5°) consistent with the position angle and inclination of the disk. The knot is seen in emission in Hα [N II], and the [S II] doublet and its kinematic age is about 5150 yr. This ejected material could originate from a previous eruption.
Deep learning forecasts of cosmic acceleration parameters from DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory
Authors: Sun Mengfei , Li Jin , Cao Shuo , Liu Xiaolin
Published: December 2023

Context. Validating the accelerating expansion of the universe is an important aspect in improving our understanding of the evolution of the universe. By constraining the cosmic acceleration parameter XH, we can discriminate between the cosmological constant plus cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model and the Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) model.

Aims. In this paper, we explore the possibility of constraining the cosmic acceleration parameter with the inspiral gravitational waveform of neutron star binaries (NSBs) in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz–10 Hz, which can be detected by the second-generation space-based gravitational wave detector DECIGO.

Methods. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network combined with a gated recurrent unit (GRU), along with a Fisher information matrix to derive constraints on the cosmic acceleration parameter, XH.

Results. We assumed that our networks estimate the cosmic acceleration parameter without biases (the expected value of the estimation is equal to the true value). Under this assumption, based on the simulated gravitational wave data with a time duration of one month, we conclude that CNN can limit the relative error to 15.71%, while LSTM network combined with GRU can limit the relative error to 14.14%. Additionally, using a Fisher information matrix for gravitational wave data with a five-year observation can limit the relative error to 32.94%.

Conclusions. Under the assumption of an unbiased estimation, the neural networks can offer a high-precision estimation of the cosmic acceleration parameter at different redshifts. Therefore, DECIGO is expected to provide direct measurements of the acceleration of the universe by observing the chirp signals of coalescing binary neutron stars.
Contact tracing of binary stars: Pathways to stellar mergers
Authors: Henneco J. , Schneider F. R. N. , Laplace E.
Published: December 2023

Stellar mergers are responsible for a wide variety of phenomena such as rejuvenated blue stragglers, highly magnetised stars, spectacular transients, iconic nebulae, and stars with peculiar surface chemical abundances and rotation rates. Before stars merge, they enter a contact phase. Here, we investigate which initial binary-star configurations lead to contact and classical common-envelope (CE) phases and assess the likelihood of a subsequent merger. To this end, we computed a grid of about 6000 detailed 1D binary evolution models with initial component masses of 0.5 − 20.0 M⊙ at solar metallicity. Both components were evolved, and rotation and tides were taken into account. We identified five mechanisms that lead to contact and mergers: runaway mass transfer, mass loss through the outer Lagrange point L2, expansion of the accretor, orbital decay because of tides, and non-conservative mass transfer. At least 40% of mass-transferring binaries with initial primary-star masses of 5 − 20 M⊙ evolve into a contact phase; > 12% and > 19% likely merge and evolve into a CE phase, respectively. Because of the non-conservative mass transfer in our models, classical CE evolution from late Case-B and Case-C binaries is only found for initial mass ratios qi < 0.15 − 0.35. For larger mass ratios, we find stable mass transfer. In early Case-B binaries, contact occurs for initial mass ratios qi < 0.15 − 0.35, while in Case-A mass transfer, this is the case for all qi in binaries with the initially closest orbits and qi < 0.35 for initially wider binaries. Our models predict that most Case-A binaries with mass ratios of q < 0.5 upon contact mainly get into contact because of runaway mass transfer and accretor expansion on a thermal timescale, with subsequent L2-overflow in more than half of the cases. Thus, these binaries likely merge quickly after establishing contact or remain in contact only for a thermal timescale. On the contrary, Case-A contact binaries with higher mass ratios form through accretor expansion on a nuclear timescale and can thus give rise to long-lived contact phases before a possible merger. Observationally, massive contact binaries are almost exclusively found with mass ratios q > 0.5, confirming our model expectations. Because of non-conservative mass transfer with mass transfer efficiencies of 15 − 65%, 5 − 25%, and 25 − 50% in Case-A, -B, and -C mass transfer, respectively (for primary-star masses above 3 M⊙), our contact, merger, and classical CE incidence rates are conservative lower limits. With more conservative mass transfer, these incidences would increase. Moreover, in most binaries, the non-accreted mass cannot be ejected, raising the question of the further evolution of such systems. The non-accreted mass may settle into circumstellar and circumbinary disks, but could also lead to further contact systems and mergers. Overall, contact binaries are a frequent and fascinating result of binary mass transfer of which the exact outcomes still remain to be understood and explored further.
Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN)
Authors: Stuber Sophia K. , Pety Jerome , Schinnerer Eva , Bigiel Frank , Usero Antonio , Bešlić Ivana , Querejeta Miguel , Jiménez-Donaire María J. , Leroy Adam , den Brok Jakob , Neumann Lukas , Eibensteiner Cosima , Teng Yu-Hsuan , Barnes Ashley , Chevance Mélanie , Colombo Dario , Dale Daniel A. , Glover Simon C. O. , Liu Daizhong , Pan Hsi-An
Published: December 2023

We present the first results from “Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA” (SWAN), an IRAM Northern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA)+30 m large program that maps emission from several molecular lines at 90 and 110 GHz in the iconic nearby grand-design spiral galaxy M 51 at a cloud-scale resolution (∼3″ = 125 pc). As part of this work, we have obtained the first sensitive cloud-scale map of N2H+(1–0) of the inner ∼5  × 7 kpc of a normal star-forming galaxy, which we compared to HCN(1–0) and 12CO(1–0) emission to test their ability in tracing dense, star-forming gas. The average N2H+-to-HCN line ratio of our total FoV is 0.20 ± 0.09, with strong regional variations of a factor of ≳2 throughout the disk, including the south-western spiral arm and the center. The central ∼1 kpc exhibits elevated HCN emission compared to N2H+, probably caused by AGN-driven excitation effects. We find that HCN and N2H+ are strongly super-linearily correlated in intensity (ρSp ∼ 0.8), with an average scatter of ∼0.14 dex over a span of ≳1.5 dex in intensity. When excluding the central region, the data are best described by a power law of an exponent of 1.2, indicating that there is more N2H+ per unit HCN in brighter regions. Our observations demonstrate that the HCN-to-CO line ratio is a sensitive tracer of gas density in agreement with findings of recent galactic studies utilising N2H+. The peculiar line ratios present near the AGN and the scatter of the power-law fit in the disk suggest that in addition to a first-order correlation with gas density, second-order physics (such as optical depth, gas temperature) or chemistry (abundance variations) are encoded in the N2H+/12CO, HCN/12CO, and N2H+/HCN ratios.
Fatigue life prediction of a piercing connector subject to breeze vibration and multi-field coupling
Authors: Feng Yu , Wu Shaolei , Wu Kai , He Wenxin , Wang Zhangbao , Wang Wei
Published: December 2023

Piercing connectors are widely used in power line erection. However, piercing connectors are susceptible to fatigue failure induced by wind load and multi-field coupling. Therefore, this study aims to predict the fatigue life of piercing connectors. First, the thermal-electrical-mechanical coupling model is created. Second, the electrical contact resistance (ECR) of piercing connectors is experimentally measured and converted into the heat generation rate (HGR) by the thermal equivalence method. Meanwhile, the breeze vibration load (BVL) of the conductor is calculated by the wind vibration theory. Then, the HGR and BVL are applied to perform the multi-field coupling calculation and fatigue life prediction. Finally, the effect of installation torque on the highest temperature, maximum stress, and fatigue life of piercing connectors is analyzed in detail. The results show that the ECR of piercing connectors decreases with the mounting torque, and ultimately tends to be stable. The highest temperature and maximum stress are located on the piercing blade, which is likely to become the failure origin. Within the allowable range of installation torque for piercing connectors, an optimal installation torque exists to minimize the maximum stress fluctuation and prolong the fatigue life.