bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parkinson hastalığının hayvan modelleri ve kök hücre temelli deneysel çalışmalar
Authors: Sezen Gülseli Berivan , Civelek Erdinç , Kabataş Serdar , Diren Furkan , Akkoç Tunç
Published: November 2021

Parkinson hastalığı (PH) ikinci en yaygın ilerleyici nörodejeneratif olup, genetik vakalar azınlıkta olup, altta yatan etyopatofizyoloji hala bilinmemektedir. Halen, kanıtlanmış ve kesin bir tedavi mevcut değildir. Yeni terapötik stratejilerin taranması ve test edilmesi için kullanılabilecek güvenilir hayvan modelleri geliştirmek çok önemlidir, mesela, sadece semptomatik tedaviler geliştirmek yerine gerçek patojenik süreci hedefleyen kök hücre tedavileri gibi. Burada, PH’nin güncellenmiş in vivo ve in vitro modellerini özetledik ve bu modelleri kullanarak kök hücre temelli deneysel çalışmaları gözden geçirdik.
Next Steps: Advocating for Women in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Scerpella Tamara A. , Spiker Andrea M. , Lee Cassandra A. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Carnes Molly L.
Published: November 2021

Orthopaedic surgery is the least diverse of all medical specialties, by both sex and race. Diversity among orthopaedic trainees is the lowest in medicine, and growth in percentage representation is the lowest of all surgical subspecialties. Women comprise only 6% of orthopaedic surgeons and 16% of orthopaedic surgery trainees. This extreme lack of diversity in orthopaedics limits creative problem-solving and the potential of our profession. Women in orthopaedics encounter sexual harassment, overt discrimination, and implicit bias, which create barriers to training, career satisfaction, and success. Women are underrepresented in leadership positions, perpetuating the lack of diversity through poor visibility to potential candidates, which impedes recruitment. Correction will require a concerted effort, as acknowledged by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons leadership who included a goal and plan to increase diversity in the 2019 to 2023 Strategic Plan. Recommended initiatives include support for pipeline programs that increase diversity of the candidate pool; sexual harassment and implicit bias acknowledgement, education, and corrective action; and the active sponsorship of qualified, capable women by organizational leaders. To follow, women will lend insight from their diverse viewpoints to research questions, practice problems, and clinical conundrums of our specialty, augmenting the profession and improving patient outcomes.
COMMUNITY WITHIN COMMUNITY: POLITICS OF EXCLUSION IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIKH IDENTITY
Authors: S. Judge Paramjit
Published: November 2021

The article examines the construction of religious identity among the Sikhs from the socio-historical perspective. It has been argued that the Sikh identity was constructed as a result of the colonial intervention in which the emphasis turned to the appearance instead of faith as such. The new identity was a product of the politics of the times and it was perpetuated in order to maintain the hegemonic domination. Sikhism, despite its egalitarian ideology, failed to create a casteless community. Discrimination and exclusion of lower castes continued. An empirical investigation into the conditions and perceptions of the lowest caste, namely Mazhabi clearly demonstrated their exclusion, whereas discourse of equality among the Sikhs is used to create a moral community. Despite the equality of worship among the Sikhs, the Mazhabis at the local level are denied the equal religious rights in the gurdwaras (Sikh temple) owned and controlled by the upper dominant castes. Roots of the exclusion have to be located in the history of the making of the religious community and the way a few castes after benefiting from religious conversion perpetuated the caste-based exclusions.
SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN A RELIGIOUS MILIEU: THE SEVAYATS OF THE JAGANNATH TEMPLE AT PURI
Authors: Ganguly Ramanuj
Published: November 2021

In face of present day forces of industrialization, urbanization and changing social configuration, personal worship, worship in temple, guidance of spiritual authorities and pilgrimage, though popularly assumed otherwise, continue to inform and shape the values of Indians. A case in point is the Shri Jagannath Temple, at Puri, Orissa (constructed after 1135 A.D.), prominent and popular till today, upholds the composite culture of India for more than 900 years. This paper is about the Sevayats of the Jagannath Temple at Puri, the ritual functionaries of the temple. For around nine centuries, in the face of social, economic and political ups and downs, the Sevayats have survived and emerged as the most faithful and the truest upholders of this enigmatic religious tradition. This paper primarily concentrates on all these Sevayats of Jagannath Temple. It also tries to describe in today’s context, their socio-economic status, their view about themselves and the temple, and their position in the temple and the society. This paper is not intended to provide a historical account of the temple, nor does it try to analyse the temple as a whole. Looking at the broader society the paper tries to establish the linkages between the Sevayats and the greater society, and how the Sevayats are responding to the broader forces of change. The focus is on the nature of the changing organisation and functioning of the Sevayats, where the past will be used only as a point of reference
RELIGION, CIVIC VALUES, AND EQUAL CITIZENSHIP IN THE LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC POLITY
Authors: R. Gill Emily
Published: November 2021

Whether religious and other voluntary associations should reflect public values is a subject of controversy. Corey Brettschneider argues that the state should assert its own values of free and equal citizenship, deliberately attempting to transform the beliefs of illiberal groups through court decisions and through selective withdrawal of tax exemptions. I argue, however, that as long as individuals and groups comply with the law, it is not the business of the state to change their beliefs. Moreover, public authority itself does not always exemplify his preferred values. Second, although I oppose direct funding for organizations that oppose public values, determining which organizations espouse the “right” values accords too much power to public authority. Moreover, many associations evolve over time. Finally, the true threat lies in practices that voluntary associations may seek to impose on the larger community.
THE LANDSCAPE OF CONTEMPORARY JURISPRUDENCE REGARDING FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION
Authors: Waltman Jerold
Published: November 2021

Since 1990 the debate over the limits of free exercise of religion has touched the courts, the Congress, and the executive branch. A wide range of issues has emerged: property use, prisoner rights, religious speech and association in schools, church’s autonomy in hiring employees, and the Obama administration’s policies toward health insurance requirements for religious institutions and businesses. The purpose of this paper is to assess the current state of free exercise jurisprudence through a survey of the major developments in these fields. It seems that when free exercise issues affect individuals or religious institutions alone, a wide scope is allowed for religious liberty. However, when other political interests come into play—such as gay and lesbian groups or groups representing women—the record is far more mixed
RELIGIOUS DOCTRINE AS A FACTOR OF STABILITY OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS. A STUDY OF TWO NORTH AMERICAN THEOCRACIES
Authors: Potz Maciej
Published: November 2021

The article theorizes theocracy – political power based on religious legitimation – in terms of the theory of social exchange, as arising out of unequal access to and control over religious goods. It then identifies the factors of stability of a system as the actions the rulers must take to successfully counter various attempts by the ruled to neutralize unequal conditions of exchange in which the power relation is grounded. Two empirical examples are offered of the use of religious doctrines to protect the stability thus conceived. The idea of covenant was used by the authorities of 17thcentury Massachusetts to justify the persecution of dissenters as a means of maintaining the purity and unity of the community, and thereby the necessary condition of fulfilling the society’s contract with God. The doctrine of continues revelation, on the other hand, gave Mormon leadership throughout 19th century, and especially during the crisis over polygamy, the much needed flexibility to adapt to external pressure without compromising the legitimacy of their God-granted power and the stability of the system.
A MUSLIM MODEL FOR PEACEFUL CO – EXISTENCE AND MUTUAL RESPECT
Authors: M. El-Awaisi Abd al-Fattah
Published: November 2021

The core Muslim sources consider diversity and plurality to be the ba- sis of everything. Indeed, diversity and plurality in nations, religions, cultures, races, and religious laws is part of the design of the universe. With the cur- rent debate on multiculturalism and cultural engagement, there is an urgent need to understand the Muslim contributions to this critical topic. However, instead of examining the general views of Islam and Muslims on diversity and plurality or their general understanding of multiculturalism, culture engage- ment, peaceful co-existence, and mutual respect, the objective of this article is namely to develop a particular Muslim model related to Islamicjerusalem for Aman (peaceful co-existence and mutual respect). It is hoped that this model could set the scene to advance the current research on the Muslim contributions on this important topic at this critical time in 21st century, en- rich our understanding of multiculturalism and cultural engagement, address some of the sensitive, important and key issues on the subject, and open up and promote intellectual and academic debate and understanding of this Muslim model to shed light on new lines of explanation. Although Islamicje- rusalem is the most delicate issue of dispute between the current two con- flicting parties, it is also hoped that this model will provide a better under- standing for the world leaders who are trying to return peace to the region.
JIHAD AS A SOURCE OF TERRORISM A REALITY OR PROPAGANDA
Authors: Zoubir Bouzerzour
Published: November 2021

Throughout the ages, Islam has been misunderstood and surrounded by a number of false allegations. One of these allegations, given contemporary form, is to associate jihad with terrorism and violence and to claim that the message of Islam was spread through the sword. It is therefore an imperative upon objective researchers to examine and scrutinize this allegation based on the true nature and the real teaching of Islam. This research also examines dif- ferent views regarding the concept of jihad, and how this concept has been misunderstood. This paper demonstrates the similarities between religions in supporting peace and condemning terror. Furthermore, this research explains that jihad bears a broad concept; it revealed positive meaning and was the motive for achieving noble ends and objectives. It is well known that jihad has never been used as a ‘holy war’ in the text of the Shari‘ah. Jihad must be un- dertaken purely in the path of God alone and not for power or other worldly ends.
''HAMAS: PERJUANGAN DARI BUAIAN SEHINGGA TITIS DARAH TERAKHIR''
Authors: Al-Abidah Zainal Abidin Ummu Zainab
Published: November 2021

Malaysia, as one of leading the Muslim countries, has been an active participant in the Palestine issue...
TERRORIST THREATS BY BALKANS RADICAL ISLAMIST TO INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Trifunović Darko , Mijalkovski Milan
Published: November 2021

The decade-long armed conflict in the Balkans from 1991 to 2001, greatly misrepresented in the Western public, were the biggest defeat for the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, a great defeat for Europe - but a victory for global jihad. Radical Islamists used the wars to recruit a large number of Sunni Muslims in the Balkans (Bosnian and Herzagovina and Albanian) for the cause of political Islam and militant Jihad. Converts to Wahhabi Islam not only provide recruits for the so-called “White Al-Qaeda,” but also exhibit growing territorial claims and seek the establishment of a “Balkan Caliphate.” Powers outside the Balkans regard this with indifference or even tacit approval. Radical Islamist activity is endangering the security of not only Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro and BosniaHerzegovina, but also Europe and the world.
THE POLITICAL AMBIGUITY OF LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR RELIGION
Authors: O. Míguez Néstor
Published: November 2021

This article will present some historical cases, some ancient, some very recent, of how such ambiguity of the religious forces and popular religiosity has played in Latin America. Through this case we will analyze how and why in “the popular” the same cultural phenomena can play sometimes a very conservative role, and then, in others, turn into a menacing power to the traditional social order. On one hand, it is a way in which conservative hegemony has captured the potential and will of the masses and used it to domesticate its claims (opium of the people). But in other cases it has stimulated the dreams and hopes, and has provided unexpected vitality to the people in their search for justice and better living conditions. The traditional aboriginal (pre-conquest) religions and worldviews, as well as new religious experiences brought by the slave trade and migrations sometimes provided myths and images that reinforced the liberating thrust of religious forces.
SECULARITY OF THE STATE AND POLITICAL STRATEGIES OF RELIGION
Authors: Estanislau Gasda Élio
Published: November 2021

The starting point of this article is the complexity of the current political panorama of religion. In Latin America, religion is present in manifestations of political agents as well as politics are present in religious expressions. Before a diversity of existent models, this article analyzes the Brazilian situation. Religiosity is an indelible characteristic of the Brazilian people. The historic heritage of Catholicism and the growth of Pentecostal Evangelical Churches reveal the laicism of State as an incomplete and fragile process. Civil society presupposes an existence of citizens who are, also, religious. These assumptions raise two fundamental questions: considering that religions are expressions of pluralism of national identities that shape citizenship, how can one give meaning for the presence of religion in politics? How can a religion find its adequate spot in politics without damaging the laicism of State and without secularizing/politicalizing itself? This article contributes to this discussion
RELIGION AND POLITICS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: P. Hornsby-Smith Michael
Published: November 2021

This paper offers a review of religion and politics in the United Kingdom shortly after the Scottish Referendum in September 2014 and the UK General Election in May 2015. It first provides a brief historical outline of the emergence of the four separate parts of the current United Kingdom, their different experiences of Anglo-Saxon and Viking invasions and responses to the Reformation in the fifteenth century after a millennium of Roman Catholicism. It then briefly reviews data from recent censuses and social attitude surveys about religious identities, beliefs and commitment and political party preferences which generally indicate a preference for Conservative Party support by Anglicans and Labour by Roman Catholics. Recent Church of England leaders have suggested that religion is now a major player on the public stage. This is strongly rejected. Firstly, census and survey data point unambiguously to the declining salience of religion and the public’s strong belief that religion is a private and personal matter and that religious leaders should not meddle in politics. Secondly, three examples are given where it is argued that critical interventions by religious leaders in recent years have not led to any serious changes in government policies.
THE EMERGING CHURCH AS A CRITICAL RESPONSE TO THE NEOLIBERALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE
Authors: Freudenberg Maren
Published: November 2021

The Emerging Church grew in prominence in the United States in the 1990’s as a reaction to seeker-sensitive approaches of nondenominational evangelical megachurches. These megachurches are known for the commodification of religion and the conception of church members as consumers, and are thus prime examples of the neoliberalization of the American religious landscape. In contrast, the Emerging Church opposes institutionalized and neoliberalized religious practices and structures, instead emphasizing local and contextual organization and practice as a basis for more “authentically Christian” lives. Nevertheless, the Emerging Church itself displays characteristics of neoliberalization, which I disclose using Wendy Brown’s definition of neoliberal rationality. This raises the question whether a lived critique of neoliberalization is possible in the late modern era.
„THE RELIGIOUS AND THE POLITICAL: A COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION“
Authors: Ruzzeddu Massimiliano
Published: November 2021

How can the swaying relationship between religion and politics in contemporary globalized world be analyzed and subsequently explained in sociological terms? Turner tries to answer this and other complex questions - secularism, religious revival, extremism - in the wider theoretical framework based on the assumption that State formations are intertwined with religion.
Filled Pauses in Modern Irish
Authors: Snesareva Marina
Published: November 2021

In every language there are different types of pauses, the most general division being made between filled and unfilled ones (Trouvain 2003: 27). The latter type either consists of silence or is phonetically filled with breathing, whereas in the former the so-called fillers of different kinds (separate sounds, syllables and even whole words) are used. In Modern Irish filled pauses occur quite frequently in spontaneous speech, especially on the phrase border which can be accounted for by the fact that in such speech the process of formulating thoughts takes place at the very moment of speaking. Thus, it is not uncommon that the verb is chosen as the pause filler due to its initial position. In these cases auxiliary verbs are often used (different forms of the verb ‘to be’ tá, bhí and of the copula is, an). Some other instances include pauses filled by particles (in interrogative sentences) and articles, if a noun takes the initial place in emphatic construction. The present paper presents an analysis of some of such cases based on Connacht Irish material.
The Historical Irish Harp: Myths Demystified
Authors: Lawrence-King Andrew , Antonenko Katerina , O'Shea Natalia
Published: November 2021

This article presents the work of three scholars from three disciplinary areas, surveying the history of the Irish harp through the lenses of organology and musicology, supported by literary and mythological studies. The historical Irish harp, also known as Cláirseach or Early Gaelic harp, is simultaneously one of the world’s most famous and least known musical instruments. We see it on various romanticised “Irish” flags, on the State arms of Ireland (and indeed, representing Ireland, on those of the UK and Canada), on the Irish Presidential standard and the flag of the Irish province of Leinster, on Irish Euro coins, and painted on the tails of aeroplanes. The Guinness brewing company exports millions of images of the harp, labelling the bottles of its most famous product. But we hear it far less often, and our knowledge of its technical workings is clouded by a mist of repeated half-truths and patriotically inspired legends.

The popular vision of ancient harpers is surrounded by an aura of romantic mysticism, but it is generally assumed that they not only enjoyed the privileges of freemen, but could influence listeners’ emotions with mysterious power. “The only entertainer with independent legal status (soíre) is the harpist… He is expected to be able to play music to bring on tears (goltraige), to bring on joy (gentraige) and to bring on sleep (súantraige)”. Now that the political tensions surrounding such a national symbol have declined, there is a new opportunity for rigorous, international research with full use of modern methodologies. The first step in this renewed research effort should be to abandon any preconceptions, to re-examine some musicological folklore and debunk some cherished myths.
Daoulagad — A Celto-Slavic OCR Dictionary
Authors: Hrapof Dmitri
Published: November 2021

In this paper we present Daoulagad [dɔwˈlaːgat], a mobile Celtic-Russian dictionary, supporting Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The dictionary provides Cymraeg↔Русский, Cymraeg↔English, Cymraeg↔Gaeilge, Cymraeg↔Brezhoneg, Gaeilge↔Русский, Gaeilge↔English, Brezhoneg↔Русский, English↔Русский translations, supports initial consonant mutations and ‘Item and Arrangement’ & ‘Word and Paradigm’ morphological models. OCR capabilities make it possible to use iPhone or Android phone's camera as input device. OCR errors are corrected using trigram frequencies calculated over an extensive corpus. Also supported are Belarusian, Bulgarian, Croatian/Serbian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian and Ukranian (as well as English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Arabic and hanzi/kanji).
The Legend of the Twelve Fridays in the Russian and Irish Traditions: An Attempt at Contrastive Analysis
Authors: Ivanov Sergey
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to compare the versions of the Legend of the Twelve Fridays attested in Irish and Russian. Until now, three Irish texts were published, but many more are preserved in the manuscripts; for the Russian part, the study is based on the manuscript collection of the Archive of Ancient Relics of the Russian Literature Institute (the Pushkin House). The preliminary investigation shows that there are many points in common between the Irish and the Russian variants, but for the moment the comparison may be only contrastive since we lack several intermediate stages to reconstruct the prototype and to establish the most probable ways of development which brought the extant forms of the legend into existence in these two traditions. Nevertheless, a number of assumptions can be put forward which will be discussed along with difficulties preventing a straightforward solution.
A Gaelic Scholar's Approaches to Recording and Tabulation in Early Eighteenth-Century Dublin
Authors: Mac Mathúna Liam
Published: November 2021

Seán Ó Neachtain (c. 1640–1729) and his son Tadhg (1671–c.1752) were at the centre of a network of some thirty Irish language scholars which existed in Dublin in the early eighteenth century. The modernising tendencies demonstrated by Tadhg in his manuscripts continue to attract considerable academic attention. The poem beginning Sloinfead scothadh na Gaoidhilge grinn / dá raibhe rém rae i Nduibhlinn, composed by Tadhg in 1728/29, celebrates some 26 scholars connected with the city at the time, while six of his manuscripts contain commonplace entries and incorporate many contemporary newspaper accounts of events in Ireland and abroad, both in Irish translation and in the original English, alongside more familiar material associated with the Gaelic literary tradition. This paper sees the versified catalogue of scholars in Dublin and the manuscript interaction with news from the public sphere in Dublin and abroad as relating to new understandings of information, coupled with the urge to record, tabulate and interact. Among other sources which will be considered are Tadhg's list of family events (births, deaths) (in Irish), an inventory of books and manuscripts lent out (in English) and poems celebrating his father's creative works and listing the subjects and teachers who provided his son Peadar's schooling (both in Irish). Finally, an attempt will be made to situate Tadhg Ó Neachtain's interaction with information and knowledge with other aspects of the Gaelic tradition.
Evaluating Similarities between Celtic and Slavic
Authors: Gvozdanović Jadranka
Published: November 2021

At past Celto-Slavica conferences, cultural and linguistic parallels between Celtic and Slavic were identified, discussed and questioned critically. It is time now to ask how these parallels arose. This paper will attempt an evaluation and a historical explanation of a number of linguistic parallels. Out of this complex picture, the present paper addresses the typological properties of Celtic which are relatively rare within Indo-European and traditionally assumed to originate from an Afro-Asiatic or Atlantic substrate, in spite of the fact that archaeological evidence is too problematic to support this hypothesis. Instead of relying on the contact hypothesis, I shall examine the structural properties of these phenomena in a synchronic and diachronic Indo-European perspective, pointing especially to Slavic parallels to the Celtic phenomena discussed. The general conclusion is that the origin of these properties is firmly rooted within Indo-European and, moreover, connected with aspect phenomena.
From Yellow to Blue — or Not?
Authors: Kleyner Svetlana
Published: November 2021

In Indo-European languages, the reflexes of PIE root *ĝhel- are typically used as colour terms for ‘yellow’ or to denote yellow objects like gold. In Slavic languages there are no less than three different reflexes (e.g. Russian желтый, зеленый and голубой). While the original root is traditionally thought to have had the primary meaning ‘yellow’, there is nothing unusual in the fact that the root often acquires the meaning ‘green’, as PIE was almost certainly a language where green and yellow were not distinguished on the level of basic color terms. The fact that some reflexes expanded into the blue part of the spectrum, although it has a parallel in another PIE root (Lat. flauus ‘yellow’ vs PGmc *blēwa- ‘blue’), seems rather interesting. A similar semantic transition of *ĝhel- can be seen in Celtic languages (e.g. OIr gel and glas).

But while in Celtic there could have been two reflexes of the same root, one of which stayed in place and the other drifted away as Proto-Celtic evolved into a Stage IV language, the Balto-Slavic word cannot be so easily explained away: both голубой and its Baltic cognates (Lith. gelumbe ‘blue cloth’, OPruss. golimban ‘blue’), unlike the words for ‘green’, ‘yellow’ and ‘gold’ in the same languages, have retained the unpalatalized *gh-. While by no means a borrowing from Lat. columba, the Balto-Slavic lexeme does share the word-formation with columba and Grk. κóλυμβος ‘little grebe’ – the words that are traditionally connected with the cluster of Lat. calidus ‘with spots’, Grk. κηλίς, OIr caile ‘a spot’, OInd. kāla- ‘(blue-)black’ etc.

Here a different version is proposed: neither are columba and κóλυμβος connected with the aforementioned ‘black spots’ cluster, nor is голубой connected with PIE *ĝhel-; they represent a separate and possibly non-Indo-European group of cognates.
Irish Historical Thinking in the Saga Cath Maige Tuired Conga
Authors: Potopaeva Vera
Published: November 2021

The Middle Irish text Cath Mag Tuired Conga belongs to the pseudo-historical (or synthetic) tradition of the Irish narrative. It tells as about the Fir Bolg arrival and about their battle with the Túatha Dé Danann. This saga includes not only the typical elements of the insular literature, but also borrows some subjects and plots from the Bible and from the patristic works. The author mentions many dates and places, and we can reconstruct his idea of history and geography, the chronotope, in which he existed. On the basis of this saga we can draw a conclusion about a typical historical line of thinking of the Middle Irish author.
Paired Adjectives in the Middle Welsh Ystorya Bown o Hamtwn
Authors: Dereza Oksana
Published: November 2021

One of the stylistic devices typical for Medieval Welsh literature is the usage of paired adjectives. It occurs not only in the native tales but also in the adaptations of Continental material, such as an Old French romance of chivalry Geste de Boeve de Haumtone. Predominantly, the paired adjectives in the Welsh source Ystorya Bown o Hamtwn neither have any equivalents in the French source nor correspond to “adverb mult, tut, si, plus, bien + adjective” construction. This fact is indicative of the translator’s independence in stylistic organization of the text; it also draws our attention to the emphatic nature of paired adjectives. An adjective pair usually consists of either two synonyms or two words denoting attributes of a certain character or object: cadarn-wychyr “strong and brave”. However, there can be more than two adjectives in a “pair”; this stylistic device also covers other parts of speech.
Pemberdayaan Potensi Jemaat Dalam Membangun Gereja Misioner
Authors: Kembuan Lexie Adrin , Sudarma I Wayan
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses the potential empowerment of congregations for missioner churches. The Church is called a missioner when it is able to carry out programs that move outwards, not only perform services inward. The Church always motivates the congregation to preach the good news. The method used in this writing is a descriptive qualitative approach. The missioner church is always actively enhancing partnerships with churches or other mission institutions. In carrying out the activities out there is one concept of three and one that the author offers, namely in evangelism the author does activities by doing three things in one place. In the congregation, there are expected to be small groups engaged in a clear service program. In small groups, word sharing is done, evangelistic services, and at the same time the congregation runs its business.Keyword: Potential, congregation, missioner, empowerment, Church. AbstrakTulisan ini membahas tentang pemberdayaan potensi jemaat untuk gereja misioner. Gereja disebut misioner bila sudah mampu melaksanakan program yang bergerak ke luar, tidak hanya melakukan pelayanan ke dalam. Gereja selalu memberi motivasi kepada jemaat untuk memberitakan kabar baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Gereja yang misioner senantiasa aktif meningkatkan kemitraan dengan gereja-gereja atau lembaga-lembaga misi lainnya. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatan keluar dalam penginjilan gereja melakukan kegiatan dengan melakukan tiga hal dalam satu tempat. Dalam jemaat diharapkan ada kelompok-kelompok kecil yang bergerak mengerjakan program pelayanan yang jelas. Dalam kelompok kecil dilakukan sharing Firman, melakukan pelayanan penginjilan, dan sekaligus jemaat menjalankan usahanya.Kata-Kata Kunci: Potensi, jemaat, missioner, pemberdayaan, Gereja
Schriften zur Kultur
Authors: Harich Wolfgang , Heyer Andreas
Published: November 2021

The second volume presents Harich's writings on culture that were written after his arrest, including, for example, the much-criticised "Dingo essay". Numerous other unpublished essays, studies and letters are also printed, complementing the Jean-Paul monograph in the first volume. The volume opens with partly previously unknown manuscripts by Harich relating to the workers' uprising of 1953, when he, together with Bertolt Brecht, transformed its energy into cultural reforms. These include the article against the State Art Commission.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastroenterostomy for Afferent Loop Syndrome
Authors: Shiomi Hideyuki , Sakai Arata , Nakano Ryota , Ota Shogo , Kobayashi Takashi , Masuda Atsuhiro , Iijima Hiroko
Published: November 2021

Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a mechanical obstruction of the afferent limbs after gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy reconstruction. Patients with cancer recurrence require immediate and less invasive treatment because of their poor condition. Percutaneous transhepatic/transluminal drainage (PTD) and endoscopic enteral stenting offer reasonable palliative treatment for malignant ALS but are not fully satisfactory in terms of patient quality of life (QoL) and stent patency. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) using a lumen-apposing metal stent may address these shortcomings. Clinical data from 11 reports showed that all patients who had undergone EUS-GE had positive technical and clinical outcomes. The adverse event rate was 11.4%, including only mild or moderate abdominal pain, with no severe adverse events. Indirect comparative studies indicated that patients who had undergone EUS-GE had a significantly superior QoL, a higher clinical success rate, and a lower reintervention rate than those who had undergone PTD or endoscopic enteral stenting. Although the evidence is limited, EUS-GE may be considered as a first-line treatment for malignant ALS because it has better clinical outcomes than other less invasive treatments, such as PTD or endoscopic enteral stenting. Further prospective randomized control trials are necessary to establish EUS-GE as a standard treatment for ALS.
Jardines renacentistas de la Villa Ducal de Benavente. El sueño de una utopía
Authors: Morales Folguera Jose Miguel
Published: November 2021

Construidos por tres generaciones de los condes-duques de Benavente, entre 1499 y 1621, como instrumento de disfrute y de prestigio familiar de la villa ducal, los jardines de Benavente se convirtieron en uno de los jardines renacentistas más importantes de España. Desgraciadamente, los cambios en los gustos estéticos de los herederos, el paso de los ejércitos franceses de Napoleón y el abandono de una naturaleza necesitada de su continuo cuidado, hicieron que los jardines desaparecieran en los primeros años del siglo XIX. En este artículo nos proponemos hacer su reconstrucción ideal, con la utilización de los numerosos textos y de la documentación existente.

Built for three generations of the count-dukes of Benavente, between 1499 and 1621, as an instrument of enjoyment and family prestige of the ducal town, the Benavente gardens became one of the most important Renaissance gardens in Spain. Unfortunately, the changes in the aesthetic tastes of the heirs, the destruction wrought by Napoleon's army and the abandonment of a nature in need of their continuous care, caused the gardens to disappear in the early years of the 19th century. In this article we propose to make its ideal reconstruction, with the use of the numerous texts and existing documentation.
Characterizing a weathering profile over the Kuantan Basalt
Authors: Kuna Raj John
Published: November 2021

Three broad morphological zones can be differentiated; the top pedological soil (Zone I) being 3.60 m thick and comprising brown, soft to stiff, clays. The intermediate saprock (Zone II) is 1.12 m thick and consists of brown, very stiff, sandy silt with many lateritic concretions, whilst the bottom bedrock (Zone III) is an outcrop of vesicular olivine basalt with weathering along joints. Constant volume samples show the saprolite (sub-zone IC) to have dry unit weights of 11.78 to 12.80 kN/m3, whilst the solum (sub-zones IA and IB), and saprock, have values ranging from 10.65 to 11.09, and from 11.35 to 11.50, kN/m3, respectively. Porosities are variable; the saprolite with the lowest values of 52 to 56% and the solum and saprock with values of 57 to 60%. Clay and silt contents increase up the profile with a corresponding decrease in sand and gravel contents. Colloid (<1 μm size) contents especially increase up the profile from 10 to 15% in saprock through 30 to 40% in saprolite and exceeding 57% in the solum, These increasing colloid contents point to the increasing effects of pedological processes. Thin-sections of weathered rims (1-2 cm thick) show alteration of basalt to start with formation of micro-cracks (Stage 1) that become stained by secondary iron oxides and hydroxides. Decomposition of the essential minerals then occurs in the order: olivine (Stage 2), augite (Stage 3), and plagioclase feldspar (Stage 4). An increase in apparent porosity, but a decrease in unit weights and specific gravity, reflect these stages of weathering; the boundary between ‘rock’ and ‘soil’ material occurring when all olivine and augite crystals have decomposed. It is concluded that the weathering profile results from in situ alteration of basalt due to lowering of an unconfined groundwater table; pedological processes giving rise to further alteration.
Sedimentological And Stratigraphical Analysis Of Kaki Bukit Formation (Lower Setul Member) At Teluk Ewa, Pulau Langkawi
Authors:   Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Abu Samah Mohamad Ezanie , Ali Che Aziz ,   Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamed Kamal Roslan ,   Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

The identification of new units on the carbonate sequence of Teluk Ewa (from Tg. Mendidih to Teluk Ewa) has given an idea for the review of stratigraphic succession of Kaki Bukit Formation (Lower Setul Member). The analysis is related to a sedimentology study, where the sedimentary sequences formed as a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate shallow marine system that combines the carbonate and silisiclastic deposits. Eight facies have been recognised such as (1) argillite facies, (2) interlayer of mudstone and limestone facies, (3) wavy stromatolites limestone facies, (4) linear stromatolites limestone facies, (5) heterolithic of mudstone-limestone facies, (6) shale facies, (7) massive limestone facies and (8) thrombolites limestone facies. Each facies are divided into four litostratigraphic units based on the evaluation from Malaysian Stratigraphic Nomenclature Committee (1997) and North American Stratigraphic Code 2005. (1) The clastic unit referring to the uppertmost part of Machinchang Formation maintains it's name. Meanwhile, the suggested nomenclature for the new units such as (2) The Sabung Member is referring to the basal carbonate unit comprising microbial facies and mixed silisiclastic-carbonate sediment. (3) The Pesak Seluar Member in the middle is a silisiclastic unit that consists of shale facies and (4) The Ewa Member at the top representing the upper limestone unit. All units show a similar litostratigraphic characteristics that are found in Tarutao Group, Pante Malaka Formation, Rung Nok Formation and Lae Tong Formation in Thailand as described by Wongwanich et al. (1990; 2002) and Imsamut & Abdul Rahman (2017).
Explanation Of Marine Lake Formation At Misool Raja Ampat West Papua, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Science, Universitas Papua, Gunung Salju St. Manowari-West Papua, Indonesia 98314, Purba Gandi Y.S. , Rumenta Lukas ,   The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Marine Program, Pengembak St. No. 2, Sanur-Bali, Indonesia 80228, Purwanto Purwanto ,   The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Marine Program, Pengembak St. No. 2, Sanur-Bali, Indonesia 80228, Becking Leontine E. ,   Department of Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1-Wageningen, The Netherlands, Haryono Eko ,   Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Bulak Sumur-Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
Published: November 2021

Marine lake in a karst landscape is one of the macro karst forms known as doline and is only found in some locations in the world. Moreover, the theory of marine doline formation is always associated with global sea-level rise which differs from one place to another due to several factors. This research was conducted to understand the formation process of marine lakes in Misool and how the water fills the basins formed especially at Holocene time. This was achieved by obtaining information on the longest underwater terrace which is also the longest standing water position recorded on the sea wall. The marine terraces were measured by sounding profiles to the sea bordering the seven marine lakes including Lenmakana, Balbullol, Lenkafal, Keramat, Karawapop, Keramat-2, and Keramat-3 as well as Harapan Jaya Sea. A total of 24 profiles were measured and stable isotopes δ18O and δD of water samples were used to determine the origin of water in the lakes. The results showed the longest terrace was at the depth of ˗33 and ˗3 m while the references from the area closest to Misool showed the same water level positions at 10,500 BP and 6,985 BP. Furthermore, the composition of δ18O and δD from lake water indicated the water samples were a mixture of groundwater and seawater with the seawater having the more dominant concentration and this allows it to fill the lake first through a previously formed cavity system.
Board Level Employee Representation and CEO Compensation: The Mediation and Interaction Effects of the Largest Shareholder
Authors: Dardour Ali , Ahmed Rana
Published: November 2021

The goal of this paper is to study the effect of board employee representation on the CEO compensation in French publicly listed companies. The study shows the following results: First, we found that employee board representation affects negatively and significantly the CEO total compensation. Second, employee representation has no effect on firm financial performance. Third, we found that French State strengthens the control of BLER over CEOs and their compensation, rather than simply mediate it.
Can harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) discriminate familiar conspecific calls after long periods of separation?
Authors: Varola Mila , Verga Laura , Sroka Marlene Gunda Ursel , Villanueva Stella , Charrier Isabelle , Ravignani Andrea
Published: November 2021

The ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar calls may play a key role in pinnipeds’ communication and survival, as in the case of mother-pup interactions. Vocal discrimination abilities have been suggested to be more developed in pinniped species with the highest selective pressure such as the otariids; yet, in some group-living phocids, such as harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), mothers are also able to recognize their pup’s voice. Conspecifics’ vocal recognition in pups has never been investigated; however, the repeated interaction occurring between pups within the breeding season suggests that long-term vocal discrimination may occur. Here we explored this hypothesis by presenting three rehabilitated seal pups with playbacks of vocalizations from unfamiliar or familiar pups. It is uncommon for seals to come into rehabilitation for a second time in their lifespan, and this study took advantage of these rare cases. A simple visual inspection of the data plots seemed to show more reactions, and of longer duration, in response to familiar as compared to unfamiliar playbacks in two out of three pups. However, statistical analyses revealed no significant difference between the experimental conditions. We also found no significant asymmetry in orientation (leftvs. right) towards familiar and unfamiliar sounds. While statistics do not support the hypothesis of an established ability to discriminate familiar vocalizations from unfamiliar ones in harbor seal pups, further investigations with a larger sample size are needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis.
Tech Trends of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Adewunmi Mary
Published: November 2021

With the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus called several acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) was first selected in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019. This disease has spread to almost all the countries in the world with hundreds of thousands of deaths. This study aims to review the tech trends topping the chart in the COVID-19 pandemic. It intends to highlight the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and how it has improved the quality of human lives by increasing business operations, economic and social activities in the world.
Livelihood Status of Neem Seed Pickers and Constraints in Seed Collection and Procurement in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Baburaj L. K. , Pirabu J. Venkata , Kumar D. Suresh , Vidhyavathi A. , Pushpavalli R.
Published: November 2021

Aims: Neem Seeds have considerable economic significance due to a variety of commercial usages. Realising the significance of neem, the present study aimed to understand the rural households’ participation in neem seed collection and issues in collection and sales.

Study Design: Simple random sampling method was followed. 

Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted in Tamil Nadu state covering seven districts namely Coimbatore, Dindigul, Dharmapuri, Madurai, Sivagangai, Thoothukudi and Vellore. A total of 450 households who involved in neem seed collection was selected and studied. The data collected was pertaining to the year 2019-20.

Methodology: Simple mean, percentage analysis, standard deviation and Garrett Ranking techniques were employed.

Results: Ninety seven percent of the neem seed collectors are above 30 years.  Majority of the neem seed collectors are illiterate mostly belong to the category of more than 50 years and 30 to 50 years. Agriculture based households members generally involved in neem seed collection. Majority of the neem seed collectors (61 per cent) collect neem seeds in local village itself. Around 26 per cent of the respondents visit nearby villages to collect neem seeds. To collect neem seeds, the rural households travel 4.65 km daily, with a minimum of 2.0 km and maximum of 7.0 km in a day. The constraints in seed collection are time consuming, travel long to collect seeds, less remunerative, less productive etc. The major constraints in selling include poor price offered by the traders, lack of awareness on price in other markets, lack of awareness about quality.

Conclusion: Programmes like price support, market intervention in the form of price dissemination, market and transport infrastructure will help the rural people to fetch better price for their collected neem seeds.
Assess the Knowledge Regarding Selected Non-Pharmacological Interventions among Pregnant Women
Authors: Nagvanshi Sharda , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

During labour and childbirth, comfort techniques that give natural pain relief can be quite beneficial. The purpose of this study was to analyse pregnant women's awareness about non-pharmacological therapies in Bhopal's designated hospitals. This study was conducted using a descriptive research approach. The study's target population was pregnant women, and the sample method was purposive sampling. A total of 50 people were included in the study. The knowledge of pregnant women on non-pharmacological therapies was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire, and the study findings indicated that their understanding was insufficient.
Robust and Reprocessable Artificial Muscles Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers with Dynamic Thiourea Bonds
Authors: Lee Jin‐Hyeong , Bae Jaehee , Hwang Jae Hyuk , Choi Moon‐Young , Kim Yong Seok , Park Sungmin , Na Jun‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Ahn Suk‐kyun
Published: November 2021

This work reports a new class of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) cross‐linked with poly(ether‐thiourea) comprising a triethylene glycol spacer (LCE‐TUEG) wherein thiourea bonds impart a hydrogen bonding capability as well as permit dynamic covalent bond (DCB) exchange at elevated temperatures. While hydrogen bonding enhances the mechanical properties of LCE‐TUEG, the DCB allows the macromolecular network rearrangement of the LCEs, resulting in various useful properties that are not present in conventional LCEs, including the ability to undergo welding, melt and solution reprocessing, reprogrammable actuation, and self‐healing. By exploiting these dynamic features, electrically powered artificial muscles are fabricated that can be actuated by Joule heating using a resistive wire. In particular, an excellent specific work is demonstrated (≈65 J kg−1) for the artificial muscle, and full recyclability of both the LCE matrix and the metallic heating wire is achieved. Furthermore, a biomimetic artificial hand is created by welding and assembling multiple LCE‐TUEG films embedded with heating wires, followed by mechanical alignment. The integration of a microcontroller to the artificial hand enables the selective actuation of each finger, and various hand gestures are successfully demonstrated.