bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Leadership Style on Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Na'im Arif Ainun , Febrian Angga , Firdaus Luthfi , Marvinita Risda , Mardiana Nova
Published: August 2024

Leadership style significantly impacts the organization's long-term viability. On the other hand, leadership style can also affect an organization's reputation. This study intends to investigate the relationship between corporate reputation and leadership style, which has consequences for raising worker productivity. An online poll targeting employees in different work units and businesses in Indonesia was used to obtain the data. The study's findings can advance understanding, particularly in terms of the way that corporate reputation mediates the relationship between leadership style and employee performance. This research also has practical implications for management in an organization to be more aware of the role of organizational reputation that can influence employee performance. In addition, the quality of leaders is also one of the main drivers of organizational reputation, so a good reputation will create a climate of fair work competition for employees to improve their performance.
Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Aceh Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Najla Muti , Fahlevi Heru
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine whether there were differences between the financial performance of local governments (districts/cities) in Aceh before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected from financial reports and budgets of district and city governments in Aceh, Indonesia, in 2019 and 2020. This study found mixed findings using the Paired Sample T-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The local government's financial independence and financial efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic were higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic, while local tax contributions decreased following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also found that local government financial activities, financial effectiveness, and government retribution contributions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were statistically not different. This study suggests the need to improve local government's financial autonomy and sustainability as a transfer from the central government may decline significantly within a short period, for instance, during the financial crisis and pandemic.
Drought sensitivity analysis of meteorological and vegetation indices in Dak Nong, Vietnam
Authors: Viet Luong Van , Thuy Tran Thi Thu
Published: August 2024

Drought poses an increasing threat to agricultural sustainability in Dak Nong, Vietnam. This study investigates the sensitivity of meteorological and vegetation indices (VIs) to drought conditions in the region. We analyzed 23 years (2000–2022) of data from 11 meteorological stations and remote sensing imagery covering various crop types. Our methodology involved correlating multiple VIs (VHI, VCI, TCI, and TVDI) with meteorological drought indices (SPI and SPEI) at different time scales. Results reveal a strong correlation (r > 0.7, p < 0.001) between the vegetation health index (VHI) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), particularly at a 4-month time scale (SPEI4). This combination proved most effective for drought monitoring across diverse vegetation types. Spatial analysis identified drought-sensitive zones covering 10.8% of the province, with steep terrain and limited river density. These areas, predominantly occupied by perennial agriculture, annual crops, and production forests, show heightened vulnerability to water scarcity. Our findings provide a scientific basis for targeted drought management strategies, including establishing an early warning system using SPEI4 and VHI, implementing water-efficient agricultural practices, and prioritizing farmer support in high-risk areas. This study enhances drought resilience and sustainable water resource management in Dak Nong and similar tropical regions.
ACERVO ACADÊMICO DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS (IFAM)
Authors: Lousada Pinha Mariana , D’Avila de Carvalho Klissiathaila
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor recomendações para a digitalização do acervo acadêmico do Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM) visando garantir a autenticidade (identidade e integridade), a confiabilidade (fidedignidade), a preservação e o acesso aos documentos de arquivo. Para tanto, investiga-se o que é o acervo acadêmico e a digitalização a partir da literatura e dos dispositivos legais. Em relação à metodologia, trata-se de um estudo de natureza aplicada, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, uma vez que a pesquisa foi fundamentada em análises bibliográficas e documentais. As análises e resultados obtidos forneceram a base necessária para a construção do produto técnico da pesquisa, que são as recomendações e que possibilitarão que o IFAM realize a digitalização do seu acervo acadêmico de acordo com o que preconiza as práticas arquivísticas, bem como atendendo as legislações pertinentes.
Analysis of Mutational Burden of Mitochondrial Genome in Cells of Different Human Organs and Tissues
Authors: Sazonova Margarita A. , Sinyov Vasily V. , Ryzhkova Anastasia I. , Sazonova Marina D. , Doroschuk Natalya A. , Karagodin Vasily P. , Popov Mikhail A. , Sukhorukov Vasily N. , Poggio Paolo , Moschetta Donato , Postnov Anton Yu.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Cells of different human organs and tissues contain different
numbers of mitochondria. In these organelles, there are different copies of the mitochondrial
genome, which is characteristic of a certain organ or tissue.

Objective:

The aim of the investigation was to analyze the results of scientific works
dedicated to the analysis of heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial genome mutations in a
number of organs and tissues.

Methods:

Based on literature data, the level of heteroplasmy of mitochondrial genome
mutations was analyzed in organs such as the liver, lungs, muscles, small intestine, large
intestine, spleen, kidney, brain, heart, and hair. In addition, this parameter was studied in
such tissues as leukocytes, buccal epithelium, and epithelial cells from urine.

Results:

Significant differences in the mutational burden of the mitochondrial genome
were found in various samples of organs and tissues. The highest heteroplasmy level for
mtDNA mutations was in muscles; it was lower in buccal epithelium; and in human
blood cells, the heteroplasmy level of mitochondrial mutations turned out to be significantly
lower compared to other tissues. During the comparison of samples of patients
with different diseases and healthy people, significant differences were found in the
heteroplasmy level between some organs and tissues.

Conclusion:

The heteroplasmy level of mitochondrial genome mutations can significantly
differ in the organs and tissues of individuals. In addition, in a number of literature
sources, it is noted that there is a dependence on the mutational burden of the mitochondrial
genome from the type of disease, sex, and age of a person.
Plant Fiber Composites for Biomedical Applications: Advances and Prospective
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Malviya Rishabha , Uniyal Prerna , Srivastava Saurabh , Sridhar Sathvik Belagodu , Obaidur Rab Safia , Singh Bhupinder
Published: August 2024

Plant fibers are strong, robust, flexible, versatile, renewable, and sustainable, making
them valuable for many applications. Fibers from plants are now utilized in biomedical applications
as reinforcements for biological composites to enhance the mechanical characteristics of
composite biological materials including rigidity, tensile strength, and endurance.
Reinforcement composites with hybrid components were explored in biodevices for prospective
utilization in orthopedics, prosthetics, tissue fabrication, and surgical dressings. This review
presents an overview of plant fibers, including their characteristics, influencing variables, and
numerous applications. The text explores several methods for creating synthetic composites
using common, sustainable fibers and the distinct characteristics of the resulting biological
materials. The text also analyses many instances of composite hybrids and their application in
the biological field. The results are summarised and suggestions for potential improvements are
presented. The current research primarily examines the concept, specifications, efficiency, and
potential advancements of composites with hybrid characteristics made from plant fibers.
The Method of Multi-criteria Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Integrated Control System of a Highly Automated Vehicle
Authors: Safiullin Ravil , Efremova Viktoria , Ivanov Boris
Published: August 2024

Objective

A multi-criteria approach was developed to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of on-board information and control systems that reflect the impact of the implemented equipment in the control system of a highly automated vehicle, taking into account the establishment of their indicators.

Methods

A multi-criteria approach is used to determine the rational composition of the on-board information and control system, taking into account the weight coefficients and limitations of transport systems.

Results

Based on the model of integration of the intelligent on-board information and control system of the vehicle into the transport infrastructure, the criterion of controllability is determined - the coefficient of efficiency of vehicle management.

Conclusion

The results of research shows that the controllability of the vehicle increases by 14.3% when the automatic function of connecting manual control is introduced into the on-board information and control system, on the basis of which the dependences of calculating the critical distance and time when driving an unmanned vehicle are clarified.
Factors Affecting Student Nurses’ Adherence to Standard Precautions for Preventing Tuberculosis and HIV at Eswatini University
Authors: Gina Ncobile Sidzandza Victoria , Rasweswe Melitah Molatelo , Moagi Miriam Mmamphamo
Published: August 2024

Background

The prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) has become an increasing challenge throughout the world. Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the infections that student nurses are at risk of acquiring during their clinical practice in the healthcare setting. One of the most essential measures used to control HAIs is the application of standard precautions. However, student nurses have been found to not adhere to the standard precautions for the prevention of TB and HIV when allocated for clinical practice in the Eswatini healthcare setting.

Aim

This study aimed to assess factors affecting student nurses’ adherence to standard precautions.

Methods

A non-experimental quantitative approach was used to conduct a survey on senior student nurses of Eswatini University using the questionnaires. The total population of third-, fourth-, and fifth-year students was selected through the census sampling method. Statistical Package for Social Science version 26 software was used to analyze the data.

Results

Factors influencing compliance with standard precautions for the prevention of TB and HIV have been categorized into the availability of resources, measures taken by student nurses, hospital support role, and university support role.

Conclusion

The researchers recommend that TB and HIV prevention skills be demonstrated to student nurses in the skills laboratory and that clinical facilitators should accompany students in the clinical area. In the hospitals, ordering and monitoring of supplies should be done well to eliminate the shortage of resources, and preceptors should be exempted from other duties so that they can be able to supervise student nurses.
Effects of forming conditions on limit of drawing ratio during cold drawing and ironing process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets
Authors: OKUDE Yusuke
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The low ductility of Ti–6Al–4V alloy at forming temperatures below 780°C is still a problem. Ti–6Al–4V is usually hot press formed at 780 to 900°C. A hot press formed Ti–6Al–4V alloy has been utilized in various devices such as medical and aerospace equipment. However, hot press forming increases cost, especially because it uses a furnace. To reduce cost, hot stamping by electric heating has been applied to titanium sheets or continuous resistance heating has been applied to the bar forming of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Both electric heating and continuous resistance heating reduce the heating time in the forming temperature range from 780 to 900°C. Hence, it is necessary to develop a new press forming for Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets at forming temperatures below 780°C to improve productivity. We have developed a method to achieve of cold press forming of Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets by combining press motion control and clearance between a die and a blank. In this study, we tried to form various forming conditions for developed press forming method. In this method, the following two processes were separated: punch motion process without BHF and BHF motion process without punch motion. These two processes were carried out alternately during deep drawing or drawing and ironing. Three forming parameters, namely, the punch speed Spi, punch stroke Psi, and blank holding force BHFi, were controlled separately and the effect of forming conditions on deformation behavior was investigated by using experiment and finite element analysis(FEA). As a result, the effects of forming conditions on limit of drawing ratio of Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheets were investigated.
Study on microstructural behavior of aluminum alloy thin-walled tube necking formed by three-roll skew rolling
Authors: CHEN Y.S.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. To address the issue of incomplete formation of low necking coefficient pipe fittings in hot extrusion processes, this study adopts a novel three-roll skew rolling (TRSR) technique to investigate the microstructural recrystallization distribution patterns during necking forming of aerospace thin-walled pull rods using TRSR. The principles of TRSR necking forming of pipe fittings are initially elucidated, followed by the establishment of a finite element model using simufact forming software and secondary development of the software to embed dynamic recrystallization volume and grain size models. The study analyzes the temperature distribution patterns and dynamic recrystallization behavior during necking forming of aluminum alloy thin-walled pipes via TRSR, aiming to contribute to the research on high-quality necking pipe fittings produced through TRSR.
Material flow analysis in friction stir consolidation during recycling aluminum alloy chips
Authors: Latif A.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Friction stir consolidation (FSC) is a solid-state process primarily employed to recycle aluminum machining scrap with the aim to meet the increasing demand of aluminum within the framework of sustainability goals. This technology has recently drawn the attention of many researchers due to its potential beyond the recycling approach to offer plausible new routes for alloying and upcycling metal scraps. Concerning the FSC process, a rotating tool with a certain force is applied to a given batch of chips mass enclosed inside a die chamber turning it into a consolidated billet by friction and stirring action of the tool. The obtained samples are characterized by non-homogenous properties as the non-symmetric nature of the process and therefore different strain levels occur while producing the recycled billet. This study was focused on developing a proper experimental setup to visualize material flow supported with preliminary numerical simulation. The adopted approach led to reveal the deformation during the FSC process in different billet regions by visualizing the shape change of the pre-embedded copper marker in the billet.
Solid state recycling operations for AA7075
Authors: HAN Chenyang
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Solid-state recycling offers a sustainable solution characterized by low energy consumption and heightened product efficiency compared to conventional melting-based methods. Among these, Friction Stir Extrusion processes emerge as an innovative and promising category within solid-state recycling, showcasing the ability to directly repurpose machining chips into solid products. However, as these processes primarily yield semi-finished products -typically in the form of wires, rods, or small billets- subsequent post-recycling forming processes become imperative for achieving net-shape or near-net-shape components. Consequently, a thorough evaluation of the mechanical properties of materials derived from solid-state processes is essential for ensuring the dependable design of process chains. This paper focuses on the calibration of constitutive parameters for raw materials obtained from aluminium chips within a novel process chain rooted in solid-state recycling operations. Cylindrical billets, resulting from friction stir consolidation (FSC), are tested in compressive conditions and investigated with respected of processing conditions to obtain ultra-fined grained materials through sever plastic deformation processes.
Response of vacuum vessel inner shell under low-speed impact
Authors: ZHAI Hua
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Nuclear fusion energy is a promising new energy, This vacuum environment in nuclear fusion reactor is provided by the precision vacuum vessel, which also provides a support structure for the installation of internal components of the fusion device. In this paper, the impact response of double layer vacuum chamber inner wall under transverse impact load is experimentally studied to manufacture the high quality vacuum chamber. From the drop weight experiments, the vacuum chamber wall under five groups of different impact energy is analyzed, and the impact response displacement, and energy absorption rate of the sample are compared and discussed. The experimental results show that the impact force and impact response displacement increase with the impact energy, and the error also increases. The influence of rib plate in the vacuum chamber inner wall on impact response displacement is analyzed. With the increase of the damage deformation of the vacuum chamber wall, the rebound amount of the impact block cannot increase linearly with the impact energy. The actual situation is simulated with software, and the results of experimental and simulated energy absorption are compared and explained.
Microstructure and texture evolution of Mg-Zn-Al-Ca (ZAX210) during groove rolling
Authors: STIRL Max
Published: August 2024

Abstract. This study introduces the ZAX210 magnesium alloy wire, produced using groove rolling. The starting material, initially extruded, was successfully rolled from 12.0 mm to 6.7 mm diameter in eight passes using square-oval grooves, finishing with an oval and round shape. High strain rates and an optimized rolling temperature of 265 °C were found beneficial, avoiding hot cracks and promoting recrystallization. Microstructural analysis using light and electron microscopy revealed a fully recrystallized, fine microstructure with uniform precipitate distribution. Texture development is being assessed with EBSD, where a strong dependence of the respective groove shape on the expression of the texture was observed. Mechanical properties of the final wire were determined, whereas Rp0.2 is 308 MPa, Rm is 337 MPa and A is 17.8 %.
Hot local compression and die quench ausforming of quenchable steel sheet
Authors: MAENO Tomoyoshi
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Characteristics of hot local compression were investigated to apply hot stamping to a plate forging process. A heated quenchable steel sheet was locally compressed in a thickness direction and held with a punch at the bottom dead centre for die quenching. The effect of a forming temperature on reduction ratio and hardness was examined. Holding at the bottom dead centre improved the compression ratio due to plastic deformation during martensite transformation. Additionally, the quenched hardness of the locally compressed portion increased due to ausformig.
Influence of particle characteristics on mechanical properties of particle reinforced tungsten alloys
Authors: XIAO Fangnao
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The manufacturing processing and the mechanical properties of particle reinforced metal matrix composites are strongly dependent on their microstructural characteristics. In this research, 3D models in microscale of tungsten alloys reinforced by Zr(Y)O2 particles (W-Zr(Y)O2) were established to investigate their uniaxial compression deformation behaviours. The effects of particles contents, size and their distribution on the compressive properties of W-Zr(Y)O2 alloy were discussed. The mechanical behaviours of the reinforced W alloys were improved by increasing the content of Zr(Y)O2 particles. With the same particles content, the strength of the reinforced alloys increased with smaller size particles. With the same particle size and content, the stress concentration was reduced with more homogeneous distribution of the reinforced particles. The predicted strengths with 3D models are compared with the experiment data, which exhibits high prediction accuracy.
Research of MF series glass protective lubricant for titanium alloy precision forging process
Authors: FENG Chi
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Titanium alloy has high specific strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent comprehensive performance and wide application, and most titanium alloy parts need to be forged, among which titanium alloy parts with complex structure need to be formed by precision forging. However, titanium alloy is prone to oxidation and gas permeation at high temperature, with large deformation resistance and narrow forging temperature range, so it is very important to solve the problems of protection, lubrication and heat preservation and heat insulation in titanium alloy precision forging. This paper mainly studies the working principle and preparation method of MF series glass protective lubricant for titanium alloy precision forging process, and its protective, lubricating and heat insulation effects on titanium alloy during heating and forging. It is found that the use of MF series glass protective lubricant for titanium alloy precision forging process can significantly improve the quality of titanium alloy precision forgings, showing good protective, lubricating and heat insulation effects.
Roll pass design for round and square sections using an informed artificial neural network
Authors: OVERHAGEN Christian
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Nowadays, the roll pass design process for hot rolling mills of full sections like round and square sections is carried out by FEM simulations or analytical calculations. Both techniques require a highly iterative method with numerous iterations required to determine a satisfying pass design solution. In the present work, a neural network is trained for the process of roll pass design for round and square sections. The steps of data generation and training are combined by the formulation of a custom loss function for the underlying physical problem. In this way, the neural network is informed about the metal forming problem, enabling the generation of the necessary training data to be carried out implicitly during training. This technique increases the flexibility and extensibility of the current approach, eliminating the necessity of external training data generation. The metal forming equations for the pass design problem are presented for the pass sequences round-oval-round, as well as square-diamond-square, which are included in custom loss functions for the neural networks. The prediction results are compared to analytical iterative calculations, indicating very good agreements. Therefore, multiple iterations and computation time can be saved when the new approach of pass design is applied.
Lightweight battery enclosure design
Authors: GANGULI Tanmay
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The battery box is the heaviest part of an electric vehicle and may account for 20-30 per cent of its weight. Therefore, the design of a lightweight battery box is an important step towards the lightweight design of the entire vehicle. In this paper, a systematic procedure has been followed to reduce the weight of a given battery enclosure structure, while ensuring that the structure can withstand the stresses during acceleration, braking and turning of the vehicle, and the compressive stresses on the cells inside the enclosure do not exceed the maximum limit. The important design parameters were identified, and an optimal parameter set with respect to lightweight design and structural stability was determined. The Taguchi method of orthogonal arrays was used for the analysis to optimize the calculation efforts. The stress distribution over the body of the enclosure was analyzed and material was removed from the regions having low stress concentration. Subsequently, the structure was modified and forced air cooling was introduced to ensure that the temperature rise during operation was within acceptable limits. The stress, thermal and modal analysis of the resultant structure was then carried out to demonstrate its feasibility.
Modelling of dynamic scale layer growth considering temperature, time and alloying elements
Authors: BERGELT Tim
Published: August 2024

Abstract: During hot forming of steel oxide scaling occurs at higher temperatures caused by reactions with oxide containing atmospheres. Three characteristic iron oxides exist for steel at temperatures above 570°C: Wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (Fe2O3). Scale layer formation is influenced by various process parameters, such as temperature, process time and furnace atmosphere. Additionally, the base material with different alloying elements (e.g. C, Cr, Si and Ni) also affects the scale layer formation. Therefor oxide scales are very difficult to handle in the entire manufacturing process. The aim of this work is to examine and evaluate the influence of temperature, time and the alloying elements C and Cr in association with the layer growth, layer composition and thermophysical properties for scale layers. Based on the achieved correlations, a model is developed, which is able to predict the scale formation and scale properties, depending on temperature, time and alloying elements. With rising temperature and time increasing layer thicknesses were observed. Further, the additional Cr ensured lower layer thicknesses compared to the unalloyed steels. The iron oxide distribution changed with rising temperature to higher oxide containing phases like magnetite and hematite. The mathematical model, developed based on this results, is able to calculate the resulting layer structure, thickness and thermophysical properties depending on temperature, time and chemical composition of the material.
The influence of process parameters on the axial force of the continuous rolling section in the synchronous forming process of shape and inner hole for hollow axles
Authors: YE Caoqi
Published: August 2024

Abstract. To verify the feasibility of the synchronized forming of shape and inner hole for hollow axles and the influence of process parameters on the axial force in the continuous rolling section, a finite element model of the synchronized forming of shape and inner hole for hollow axles was established using finite element analysis software, and the forming process of hollow axle shafts was simulated. The results indicate that synchronized forming with shaped holes for hollow axle shafts is feasible. The axial stress in the continuous rolling section increases with the feed angle of the piercing roll. With the increase in the speed of the piercing roll, the axial stress in the continuous rolling section shows a trend of rapid increase followed by a slow increase. Moreover, as the conical angle of the disc-shaped rolls increases, the axial stress in the continuous rolling section generally increases.
Development of unified constitutive model for hot deformation behavior of TC4 with and without diffusion bonding
Authors: CAI Zhongman
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The hot deformation behavior of TC4 with and without diffusion bonding (DB) is studied. Firstly, the hot tensile testes of TC4 specimens with and without DB were carried out at temperature of 750℃ and strain rate of 0.1 ~ 0.0001 s-1. It was found that the peak stress and fracture strain of DB specimens are lower than those of base metal (BM) specimens. The quasi-cleavage fracture appeared in the DB specimens at 750℃, and the mechanism could be explained as straight grain boundary formed by incomplete recrystallization and insufficient grain boundary migration energy and the joints weak left over from the DB process causing rapid voids nucleation at the DB interface. The shorter distance of voids coalescence within the interface leads to quasi-cleavage fracture. In addition, a unified constitutive model based on internal variables was developed by introducing the weld-dependent fracture coefficients and damage tolerance coefficient. The model can accurately predict the hot deformation behavior of TC4 with and without diffusion bonding, describing the influence behavior of DB area on hot deformation, as well as the evolutions of internal variables, including dislocation density, reserve fraction, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) fraction and damage. It provides a theoretical basis for further accurate simulation of the hot forming of titanium alloy with diffusion bonding.
Effect of counter punch on formability in two-step compression forming for producing extremely deep cup
Authors: KAJIKAWA Shohei
Published: August 2024

Abstract. This paper presents two-step compression forming with a counter punch for producing an extremely deep cup with good shape accuracy. In the proposed method, the bottom shape is formed in the first step of the boss forming, and then the side wall is formed in the second step of the flange compression. The influence of the counter punch position in the boss forming was investigated to improve the shape accuracy of the bottom portion in this study. Appropriate counter punch position was predicted in finite element method (FEM) analysis. When the counter punch position was not appropriate, the forming defects, which were the local thinning and the backflow of the material, occurred. Based on the FEM result, the experiments were carried out. The experimental result agreed with the analysis result, and a deep cup with good shape accuracy was successfully formed under the optimum condition.
Twin roll casting of ZAX210 magnesium wire: Processing, microstructure, texture and mechanical properties
Authors: KITTNER Kristina
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Wires of magnesium alloys are appropriate candidates for applications as filler materials, as biomaterials due to their good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties but also as materials for joining applications, such as welding wires or screws. Twin roll casting (TRC) provides an innovative and efficient technology for the production of semi-finished wires with a good property profile. TRC of wire is a comparatively new technology that has so far only been performed at the Institute of Metal Forming at Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany. In recent studies, the process was combined with the promising calcium-containing Mg alloy ZAX210 (Mg-2Zn-1Al-0.3Ca). The wire was produced with an oval cross section under variation of twin roll casting speed in order to investigate the influence of twin roll casting speed (2.5 m/min to 4.5 m/min) on microstructure and texture evolution. Microstructure after TRC consists of fine dendrites and locally deformed microstructure. Twinning and small globular recrystallized grains can be detected as well. Furthermore, it can be observed that higher twin roll casting speeds (4.5 m/min) result in more pronounced formation of intermetallic phases and segregations but also in a higher amount of recrystallized grains, which arise due to dynamic recrystallization during twin roll casting. Texture analysis reveals the development of strong basal textures at lower (2.5 m/min) twin roll casting speed and weakened textures with prismatic character at increased twin roll casting speed of 4.5 m/min.
Evaluation of the friction and wear behavior of a-C:H coatings for lubricant-reduced sheet metal forming
Authors: Reblitz J.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Industrial companies are confronted with increasing demands for sustainability, challenges in the availability of raw materials as well as rising energy and labor costs. Thus, technological measures for improving the ecologic and economic potential of production are required. An important production stage for the manufacturing of metal-based products is sheet metal forming which consists of several production steps. Initially, the semi-finished sheets are lubricated with oil to reduce friction in the actual forming stage and afterwards they have to be cleaned. One approach for the decrease of production costs and increase of sustainability is the avoidance or reduction of oil-based lubricants and hence subsequent cleaning of the sheet metal parts. However, reducing the amount of lubrication leads to higher friction and wear. Consequently, the part quality as well as tool lifetime are significantly decreased. To meet these challenges, surface modifications for the reduction of wear can be applied. In this study, diamond like carbon (DLC) tool coatings were combined with minimum quantities of a solid lubricant on semi-finished parts to analyze the potential of the coatings for beneficial friction conditions. In this context, suitable a-C:H coating systems were needed to be identified. The associated friction and wear behavior was evaluated as a function of the lubricant amount for different variants of semi-finished parts. Initially, several a-C:H coatings were generated with varying deposition parameters. Promising variants regarding layer adhesion were analyzed for sheet metal forming in terms of tribological behavior. The resulting coefficients of friction (CoF) and wear resistance were investigated with strip drawing tests. For the comparison of the results over different industrially relevant sheet metals, two aluminum alloys as well as one steel material with different zinc coatings were evaluated. For all materials, the amount of solid lubricant was varied in a range below 0.8 g/m2 up to a completely dry condition without lubrication.
Development of joining technology between FeCrAl alloys and fusion reactor piping materials
Authors: KANAI Ryui
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The use of FeCrAl alloys as an inner lining for piping materials for fusion reactors is being considered. The FeCrAl alloy/SUS316L joints were explosion welded to avoid the influence of an oxide film at the joint interface. The joint length could be increased by increasing the charge ratio or reducing the material thickness. Together with the microstructure observation, hardness test, 4-point bending test and heat treatment test results, it is clear that explosion welding is suitable for joining FeCrAl-ODS and SUS316L.
Superplastic microstructure characteristics and unified constitutive model of TA32 titanium alloy
Authors: LIU Yang
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The superplastic deformation behavior and microstructure characteristics of TA32 titanium alloy were studied at different deformation temperatures (920-960°C) and initial strain rates (1×10-3-3×10-3 s-1). A unified constitutive model was developed and coupled with internal state variables. Results show that TA32 alloy featured steady flow stress and uniform plastic deformability under the dynamic equilibrium between softening and hardening effects. Increasing temperature and strain induced α→β phase transformation and α grain growth. Dislocation accumulation and grain boundary migration formed the dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms. Using dislocation density, the proposed unified constitutive model built a quantitative relationship between superplastic flow stress and internal state variables such as grain size, with the correlation coefficient R, average absolute relative error (AARE), and root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted and experimental stress values being 0.98, 6.91%, and 1.94, respectively. The unified constitutive model could predict well the flow stress and grain size evolution of TA32 titanium alloy during superplastic deformation.
TOURIST SATISFACTION AND PLACE ATTACHMENT: A VALIDATION IN GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, HANGZHOU, CHINA
Authors: Fan Bai , Isa Mohd Ismail , Mohamed Badaruddin
Published: August 2024

Green infrastructure (GI) constitutes important urban spaces and physical environments that contribute to scenic beauty, recreation opportunities, health, and wellness for tourists. However, the role of GI in tourism has not received much attention. This study aimed to validate the influence of tourist satisfaction on their place attachment in the context of GI. A self-administered survey was conducted at the selected GI locations of prominent tourist sites in Hangzhou West Lake, Zhejiang province, China. A sample of 225 domestic tourists was surveyed using the convenient sampling approach. The data were analysed using correlation analysis, linear regression, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The major findings of this study validate the positive and significant influence of tourist satisfaction towards place attachment when tourists visit GI. Further results indicate that tourist satisfaction and place attachment significantly differed regarding education level. The findings provide empirical evidence for a deeper understanding of the role of GI in tourism.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: THE VIEW OF MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Baharudin Rabeah Adawiyah , Sakawi Zaini , Abdul Malek Jalaluddin , Abas Azlan
Published: August 2024

Sustainable consumption involves climate change adaptation. International organisations are emphasising and encouraging youth climate change preparation. This study examines undergraduate students' climate change adaptation knowledge and attitudes. A total of 384 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaya, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia responded to the survey. The findings showed a high level of knowledge and attitude among the students. The study also discovered significant and positive relationships between knowledge and attitude towards climate change. Furthermore, construct basic knowledge has a greater impact on climate change adaptation attitudes than risk perception. Their primary source of information is the internet. In light of these findings, internet information sources have an effect on students' knowledge and attitudes. This study provides an indicator of the youth's knowledge and attitude patterns, in order for policymakers and educational institutions to consider climate change adaptation more effectively.
EMOTIONAL SOLIDARITY IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: HOW POLICY AND KNOWLEDGE DRIVE SUPPORT IN GILGIT BALTISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors: Hussain Tajir , Azinuddin Muaz , Mior Shariffuddin Nur Shahirah , Set Kalsitinoor
Published: August 2024

The participation of local communities is vital in developing tourism, as their attitudes and behaviours can significantly impact the growth and success of a destination. As the primary recipients of future tourism developments, the perspectives of local communities should guide the creation of sustainable policies aimed at maximising benefits and minimising negative impacts. The study examines how government policy, tourism knowledge, emotional solidarity, and support for tourism development are interrelated among the residents of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Based on a quantitative and cross-sectional research design with two sampling stages comprising quota and purposive sampling, 216 responses from the residents of Gilgit-Baltistan were collected and analysed through Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). It was revealed that government policy and tourism knowledge influence residents' welcoming nature and emotional closeness, and they contribute to their support for tourism development. The findings underscore the importance of establishing targeted and effective support systems between stakeholders to sustain the benefits of tourism development.
ADDRESSING THE COMPETENCY OF PRACTITIONERS WITHIN BIM E-SUBMISSION IN MALAYSIAN LOCAL AUTHORITIES
Authors: Mohd Fuzi Mohd Fawwaz Najmi , Salleh Hafez , Chuing Loo Siaw
Published: August 2024

This paper delves into the impact of the transition to Building Information Modelling electronic submission (BIM e-Submission) within local authorities (PBT) in Malaysia. The study comprehensively analyzes the essential competencies necessary to implement BIM e-Submission successfully. It emphasizes the potential dire consequences of inadequate skill allocation in Malaysia's BIM e-Submission initiatives, underlining the urgency of addressing this issue. Using a multi-method qualitative approach to gather primary data and thoroughly examine existing literature, the research constructs a robust conceptual framework elucidating the critical competencies required of BIM e-Submission practitioners within the PBT domain. The findings underscore the necessity of developing a BIM e-Submission occupational competency framework as a development strategy to enhance the training and proficiency of BIM e-Submission practitioners. This paper aims to advance understanding of BIM e-Submission in Malaysia, increase stakeholder awareness of relevant roles, responsibilities, and competencies, and promote the advancement of digital construction through optimized utilization of BIM e-Submission practices.
Effectiveness of an e-Book on Bone Health as Educational Material for Adolescents: Single-Group Experimental Study
Authors: Jamil Nor Aini , Dhanaseelan Jashwiny , Buhari Nurin Athirah
Published: August 2024

Background

Improved bone health during adolescence can have lifelong implications, reducing the risk of bone fragility.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-book in increasing knowledge about and promoting healthy practices related to bone health among Malay adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Methods

A total of 72 adolescents (female: n=51, 71%; age: mean 15, SD 0.74 y) were recruited from selected secondary schools. The participants answered a pretest web-based questionnaire on sociodemographic data, knowledge about osteoporosis, and physical activity. A video call was conducted to assess dietary calcium intake. Participants were provided with a link to an e-book on bone health and instructed to read it within 2 weeks. Postintervention assessments included those for knowledge, physical activity, dietary calcium intake, and acceptance of the e-book.

Results

There was a significant increase in the median knowledge score, which was 40.6% (IQR 31.3%-46.9%) during the pretest and 71.9% (IQR 53.9%-81.3%) during the posttest (P<.001). However, no changes were observed in dietary calcium intake or physical activity levels. Most participants did not meet the recommended calcium requirements (61/62, 98%) and exhibited sedentary behavior (pretest: 51/62, 82%; posttest: 48/62, 77%). The e-book, however, was well accepted, with the majority reporting that they understood the contents (70/72, 97%), liked the graphics (71/72, 99%), and approved of the layout (60/72, 83%) and font size (66/72, 92%) used.

Conclusions

The developed e-book effectively increases knowledge levels related to bone health and is well accepted among participants. However, this educational material did not improve bone health practices. Additional strategies are necessary to bridge the gap between knowledge and behavior change.
Evaluation of a Natural Language Processing Approach to Identify Diagnostic Errors and Analysis of Safety Learning System Case Review Data: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tabaie Azade , Tran Alberta , Calabria Tony , Bennett Sonita S , Milicia Arianna , Weintraub William , Gallagher William James , Yosaitis John , Schubel Laura C , Hill Mary A , Smith Kelly Michelle , Miller Kristen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Diagnostic errors are an underappreciated cause of preventable mortality in hospitals and pose a risk for severe patient harm and increase hospital length of stay.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the potential of machine learning and natural language processing techniques in improving diagnostic safety surveillance. We conducted a rigorous evaluation of the feasibility and potential to use electronic health records clinical notes and existing case review data.

METHODS

Safety Learning System case review data from 1 large health system composed of 10 hospitals in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States from February 2016 to September 2021 were analyzed. The case review outcome included opportunities for improvement including diagnostic opportunities for improvement. To supplement case review data, electronic health record clinical notes were extracted and analyzed. A simple logistic regression model along with 3 forms of logistic regression models (ie, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Ridge, and Elastic Net) with regularization functions was trained on this data to compare classification performances in classifying patients who experienced diagnostic errors during hospitalization. Further, statistical tests were conducted to find significant differences between female and male patients who experienced diagnostic errors.

RESULTS

In total, 126 (7.4%) patients (of 1704) had been identified by case reviewers as having experienced at least 1 diagnostic error. Patients who had experienced diagnostic error were grouped by sex: 59 (7.1%) of the 830 women and 67 (7.7%) of the 874 men. Among the patients who experienced a diagnostic error, female patients were older (median 72, IQR 66-80 vs median 67, IQR 57-76; P=.02), had higher rates of being admitted through general or internal medicine (69.5% vs 47.8%; P=.01), lower rates of cardiovascular-related admitted diagnosis (11.9% vs 28.4%; P=.02), and lower rates of being admitted through neurology department (2.3% vs 13.4%; P=.04). The Ridge model achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.885), specificity (0.797), positive predictive value (PPV; 0.24), and F1-score (0.369) in classifying patients who were at higher risk of diagnostic errors among hospitalized patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate that natural language processing can be a potential solution to more effectively identifying and selecting potential diagnostic error cases for review and therefore reducing the case review burden.