bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study protocol: implementing and evaluating a trauma-informed model of care in residential youth treatment for substance use disorders
Authors: Walter Zoe C. , Carlyle Molly , Kerswell Nick , Mefodeva Valeriya , Nixon Reg D. V. , Cobham Vanessa E. , Hides Leanne
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders and trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common, particularly within residential treatment services. Comorbidity is associated with poorer treatment retention and treatment outcomes. Integrated treatment approaches are increasingly recommended but are still under examined in residential treatment services. This study will implement and evaluate a novel model of trauma-informed care (TIC) in a youth (18–35 years) residential substance use treatment service.

Methods and analysis

A single-armed, phase 1 implementation trial will be conducted in one residential treatment service. The model, co-developed with staff, incorporates: (i) workforce development in TIC through staff training and clinical supervision; adaptions to the service (ii) policies, procedures, and physical settings and (iii) treatment program adaptions (in delivery style and content) to be more trauma-informed; (iv) client screening and feedback for trauma and PTSD at service entry; and (v) the provision of support, referral and/or trauma-focused therapy to those with PTSD. Service outcomes will include adherence to the TIC model and client treatment completion. Client substance use and mental health measures will be collected at service entry, and 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-months follow up. Staff outcomes, including workplace satisfaction, burnout, and fatigue, as well as perceptions and confidence in delivering TIC will be collected at baseline, and at 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months following training in the model. The sustainability of the delivery of the TIC model of care will be evaluated for 12 months using service and staff outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has received ethical approval by the University of Queensland (Approval number: 2020000949). The results will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, presentations at scientific conferences, and distributed via a report and presentations to the partner organization.

Clinical trial registration: ACTRN12621000492853.
Impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of depressive patients in Germany–a gap in care for the mentally ill?
Authors: Aichholzer Mareike , Schiweck Carmen , Uckermark Carmen , Hamzehloiya Tirage , Reif-Leonhard Christine , Golbach Rejane , Reif Andreas , Edwin Thanarajah Sharmili
Published: September 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a higher incidence of depression and a worsening of psychiatric conditions, while pre-existing constraints of the healthcare system and safety regulations limited psychiatric care.

Aims

We investigated the impact of the pandemic on the clinical care of patients with a single episode (SE-MDD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) in Germany.

Methods

Nationwide inpatient data were extracted from the German Institute for Hospital Remuneration System for 2020 and 2021 (depression data) and the Robert Koch Institute (COVID-19 incidence). Changes in inpatients were tested with linear regression models. Local cases of depression in our department compared to 2019 were explored with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test.

Results

Across Germany, the inpatient numbers with both SE-MDD and MDD declined by more than 50% during three out of four COVID-19 waves. Higher COVID-19 incidence correlated with decreased inpatient numbers. In our department, fewer MDD inpatients were treated in 2020 (adj. p < 0.001) and 2021 (adj. p < 0.001) compared to 2019, while the number of SE-MDD inpatients remained stable. During this period fewer elective and more emergency inpatients were admitted. In parallel, MDD outpatient admissions increased in 2021 compared to 2019 (adj. p = 0.002) and 2020 (adj. p = 0.003).

Conclusion

During high COVID-19 infection rates, MDD patients received less inpatient care, which might cause poor outcomes in the near future. These data highlight the necessity for improved infrastructure in the in- and outpatient domains to facilitate accessibility to adequate care.
Interrater and intra-rater reliability of the VERA-2R tool
Authors: Duits Nils , Kempes Maaike
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The Violent Extremism Risk Assessment - Version 2 Revised (VERA-2R) is an evidence-based structured professional judgement (SPJ) tool for ideologically motivated violence. Use of the tool can help professionals in risk assessment and risk management of suspected and convicted terrorists and violent extremists at different stages within the criminal process. It is important that the tool leads to reliable and valid risk assessments.

Methods

The present study aimed to establish the reliability of the VERA-2R, focusing on the interrater- and intrarater reliability. Trained researchers assessed the interrater- and intrarater reliability, respectively in 30 and 33 cases of Dutch convicted terrorist offenders, on the basis of extensive judicial files.

Results

In general, the average amount of agreement on the indicators and structured risk judgements can be classified as good to excellent, for both the interrater- and intra-rater reliability. However, six indicators were found to have low reliability. Above clarifying the reliability of the VERA-2R, this study also showed how the interrater- and intrarater reliability of a SPJ tool can be investigated with trained assessors based on judicial files. This can be of added value, because existing reliability studies often use case vignettes, have a small sample size and/or do not include a stringent training program.

Discussion

With this research, we can make more substantiated recommendations on how the VERA-2R can be improved. This could lead to more accurate risk assessments and risk management strategies. However, in order to develop a more reliable and valid VERA-2R instrument, the remaining psychometric properties must also be investigated and published. That will be discussed in a future article.
Remotely supervised at-home delivery of taVNS for autism spectrum disorder: feasibility and initial efficacy
Authors: Black Benjamin , Hunter Samantha , Cottrell Hannah , Dar Roee , Takahashi Nicole , Ferguson Bradley J. , Valter Yishai , Porges Eric , Datta Abhishek , Beversdorf David Q.
Published: September 2023

Background

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has potential clinical application for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). At-home sessions are necessary to allow delivery of repeated sessions, and remove burden on patients for daily visits, and reduce costs of clinic delivery. Our objective was to validate a protocol for remote supervised administration for home delivery of taVNS using specially designed equipment and platform.

Methods

An open-label design was followed involving administration by caretakers to 12 patients with ASD (ages:7–16). Daily 1-h sessions over 2 weeks were administered under remote supervision. The primary outcome was feasibility, which was assessed by completion rate, stimulation tolerability, and confirmation of programmed stimulation delivery. The secondary measures were initial efficacy assessed by Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (CASI-R), Parent Rated Anxiety Scale for Youth with ASD (PRAS-ASD), and Clinician Global Impression (CGI) scales. Sleep measures were also tracked using Cleveland Adolescent Sleep Questionnaire (CASQ).

Results

Across 132 sessions, we obtained an 88.5% completion rate. A total of 22 expected adverse events were reported with headache being the most common followed by transient pain, itchiness, and stinging at the electrode site. One subject dropped out of the study unrelated to the stimulation or the study. Average scores of anxiety (CASI-R, PRAS-ASD, and CGI) and sleepiness (CASQ) were all improved at the 2 week time point. While not powered to determine efficacy, benefits were suggested in this open label pilot.

Conclusion

Remotely supervised, proxy-administered, at-home delivery of taVNS is feasible in patients with ASD. Initial efficacy supports pursuing larger scale trials.
Severe chronic abuse of zolpidem for over 10 years: a case report and review of similar cases
Authors: Moshfeghinia Reza , Jazi Kimia , Kabaranzadghadim Shabnam , Malekpour Mahdi , Oji Bahare
Published: September 2023

Background

Insomnia is a major health issue, and zolpidem is an effective treatment for insomnia. However, high doses of zolpidem can cause dependence, abuse, and withdrawal symptoms, questioning its advantages.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old woman who has been divorced and unemployed for 2 years was referred to an addiction treatment center with a chief complaint of “seizure-like withdrawal symptoms after consuming high doses of zolpidem (up to 6,000 mg per day) for a decade.” These symptoms were in the form of body tremors, nystagmus, stress, anxiety, hot flashes, and sweaty palms. She has been undergoing detoxification by clonazepam for almost 2 months. Except for the first few days, she did not have any withdrawal symptoms, and her insomnia caused by zolpidem has improved.

Conclusion

Chronic abuse of zolpidem can cause dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and abuse. High doses can lead to extreme cravings and dependence. Physicians must manage the withdrawal process.
Insular dysfunction of interoception in major depressive disorder: from the perspective of neuroimaging
Authors: Hu Lan , He Hui , Roberts Neil , Chen Jiajia , Yan Guojian , Pu Li , Song Xufeng , Luo Cheng
Published: September 2023

Interoception plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily homeostasis and promoting survival, and is considered the basis of human emotion, cognition, and self-formation. A malfunction of interoception is increasingly suggested to be a fundamental component of different mental health conditions, and depressive disorders have been especially closely associated. Interoceptive signaling and processing depends on a system called the “interoceptive pathway,” with the insula, located in the deep part of the lateral fissure, being the most important brain structure in this pathway. Neuroimaging studies have revealed alterations in the structure and function of the insula in a large number of individuals with depression, yet the precise relationship between these alterations and interoceptive dysfunction remains unclear. The goal of this review is to examine the evidence that exists for dysfunction of interoception in people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and to determine the associated specific alterations in the structure and function of the insula revealed by neuroimaging. Overall, three aspects of the potential relationship between interoceptive dysfunction and alterations in insular function in people with depression have been assessed, namely clinical symptoms, quantitative measures of interoceptive function and ability, and interoceptive modulation. To conclude, several specific limitations of the published studies and important lines of enquiry for future research are offered.
Potential impacts of Russo-Ukraine conflict and its psychological consequences among Ukrainian adults: the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Khan Ahsan Riaz , Altalbe Ali
Published: September 2023

Background

Since February 2022, the nation of Ukraine has become entangled in an escalating conflict that erupted after coronavirus outbreak fostering a situation of indeterminacy and precariousness, which adversely affected several facets, especially psychological well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the psychological well-being of Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukraine war, as well as their coping strategies in response to the war’s repercussions. Consequently, this investigation endeavors to explore the prevalence of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia and to correlate these symptoms with Ukrainians’ effective coping mechanisms during the ongoing war.

Methods

An online survey was administered in Ukraine from June to August 2022 due to the ongoing Russo-Ukraine conflict. The survey employed a quota sampling technique, targeting 2,664 individuals (≥18 years). Out of the total sample, 1,833 valid responses were obtained, yielding a response rate of 68. 81%. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), while the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate insomnia symptoms. In addition, Brief-COPE was adopted to evaluate the coping mechanisms of the selected study participants.

Results

Of 1,833 Ukrainian adults, 60.5% had symptoms of stress; 62.4% of them reported symptoms of anxiety; and 58.2% reported symptoms of depression. Symptom criteria for insomnia were found in about 21.8% of the study sample. The factors of sex, living area, area occupied by Russian forces, and having older adults and children in the house were statistically significant with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. The productive coping strategies of self-distraction, using instrumental support, planning, and behavioral disengagement, were observed as statistically significant with four psychological constructs.

Conclusion

The study outcomes highlight a substantial prevalence of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia attributed to the accumulated consequences of ongoing conflict and the COVID-19 outbreak. The aforementioned findings emphasize the imperative of providing healthcare services and facilitating effective coping strategies among Ukrainians amid the ongoing war.
Structural properties of a new class of stellar structures in modified teleparallel gravity
Authors: Caliskan Aylin , Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Güdekli Ertan , Siddique Imran , Ahmad Hijaz , Askar Sameh
Published: September 2023

This paper explores new neutron star models based on spherically symmetric space–time. We take into account the gravitational effects of f(T,T) gravity, in which T is the torsion and T is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Field equations are evaluated by incorporating the off-diagonal tetrad. In this paper, we discuss the detailed properties of compact star candidates 4U1538–52, J0437–4,715, J0030 + 0451, and 4U1820–30, like energy density, pressure profiles, gradients, anisotropy, energy conditions, equation of state, speeds of sound, TOV equation, and compactification parameters. We discuss all these characteristics using the quadratic cosmological model of f(T,T) gravity. We use the well-famed junction equations to evaluate the unknown parameters. Our detailed and comprehensive graphical analysis ensures that the model containing the anisotropic nature of stellar structures is physically acceptable, regular, and stable.
Yield and nutritional responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes to irrigated, rainfed, and drought-stress environments
Authors: Pathan Safiullah , Ndunguru Grato , Clark Kerry , Ayele Addissu G.
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to select higher-yielding and drought-tolerant quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) lines suitable for cultivation in the U.S. Midwest, where water scarcity poses a common challenge for crop production. Quinoa, known as a superfood and climate-smart crop, is rich in nutrients, possesses resilience to abiotic stress, and is ideal for sustainable food production and supporting nutritional security in the face of changing climate conditions. To achieve this goal, 128 quinoa germplasms, collected from the USDA-ARS-GRIN, were evaluated. Among those lines, ten quinoa lines were selected for further assessment and evaluated at four different locations in Missouri, United States. Evaluations were conducted under three environments: irrigated, rainfed, and drought stress, over 2 years (summer of 2021 and 2022). Two of the selected ten lines, Ames13746 and PI614927, produced higher yields across various locations and environments. Remarkably, these lines demonstrated significantly higher grain yields under drought stress compared to irrigated and rainfed conditions. However, there was no significant difference in grain yield between irrigated and rainfed environments. Notably, despite the presence of moisture stress, the concentration of essential amino acids remained unaffected, while there was a slight decrease in the total protein content under drought-stress conditions. These research results and selected genotypes can potentially facilitate quinoa production in the U.S. Midwest regions prone to water stress, contributing to food security and sustainable agricultural practices.
Application of virtual and mixed reality for 3D visualization in intracranial aneurysm surgery planning: a systematic review
Authors: Colombo Elisa , Lutters Bart , Kos Tessa , van Doormaal Tristan
Published: September 2023

Background

Precise preoperative anatomical visualization and understanding of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) are fundamental for surgical planning and increased intraoperative confidence. Application of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR), thus three-dimensional (3D) visualization of IAs could be significant in surgical planning. Authors provide an up-to-date overview of VR and MR applied to IA surgery, with specific focus on tailoring of the surgical treatment.

Methods

A systematic analysis of the literature was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Pubmed, and Embase were searched to identify studies reporting use of MR and VR 3D visualization in IA surgery during the last 25 years. Type and number of IAs, category of input scan, visualization techniques (screen, glasses or head set), inclusion of haptic feedback, tested population (residents, fellows, attending neurosurgeons), and aim of the study (surgical planning/rehearsal, neurosurgical training, methodological validation) were noted.

Results

Twenty-eight studies were included. Eighteen studies (64.3%) applied VR, and 10 (35.7%) used MR. A positive impact on surgical planning was documented by 19 studies (67.9%): 17 studies (60.7%) chose the tailoring of the surgical approach as primary outcome of the analysis. A more precise anatomical visualization and understanding with VR and MR was endorsed by all included studies (100%).

Conclusion

Application of VR and MR to perioperative 3D visualization of IAs allowed an improved understanding of the patient-specific anatomy and surgical preparation. This review describes a tendency to utilize mostly VR-platforms, with the primary goals of a more accurate anatomical understanding, surgical planning and rehearsal.
Anterior pushing technique for a broken scalpel blade in lumbar discectomy: a case report
Authors: Čeleš Dejan , Gasparini Mladen , Mohar Janez
Published: September 2023

The presence of broken surgical blades or other surgically uncontrolled sharp and pointed objects in the disc space is a rare but potentially severe complication of posterior lumbar spine procedures. Herein, we report the case of a 59-year-old female patient with a history of lumbar decompression and interspinous process device implantation who underwent an instrumented revision of the lumbosacral junction. During the L5–S1 discectomy, the scalpel blade broke, and the broken fragment could not be retrieved through the posterior approach. With regard to the vascular anatomy, we partially pushed the fragment through the anterior annulus into the retroperitoneal space. In addition, pedicle screws were locked to ensure the stability of the construct. The fractured blade fragment was eventually removed by laparoscopy 1 week after the initial procedure. This experience suggests that the anterior pushing technique with fluoroscopy is an option in rare cases where a broken scalpel blade cannot be reached through the posterior approach. In such cases, computed tomography angiography is recommended.
Evaluation of leukocyte depletion of packed red blood cell units and impact on clinically observed transfusion reactions
Authors: Steblaj Barbara , Galli Jasmin , Torgerson Paul , Kutter Annette
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether there is an association between leukoreduction of packed red blood cell (pRBC) units and reduction of clinically observed transfusion reactions (TR), particularly febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR), and better outcomes in dogs. Secondary aims were to evaluate the effects of other factors suspected to influence transfusion reaction frequency or survival, including crossmatching, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and age and number of the blood products being administered.

Materials and methods

Medical data on dogs transfused with leukocyte-reduced (LR) and non-leukocyte-reduced (N-LR) pRBC units at the Animal Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland between January 1, 2007, and December 17, 2018 were searched. Before 2014, only N-LR blood were transfused. After 2014, both LR and N-LR blood were available.

Results

A total of 339 canine patients were transfused with 413 pRBC units; 30.5% (126/413) were LR units and 69.5% (287/413) were N-LR. Data collected from medical records was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. In the present study, TR occurred in 19.8% of pRBC units (25/126) with LR and in 17.7% (51/287) of pRBC with N-LR; p > 0.05. FNHTR occurred in 6.3% of pRBC units (8/126) with LR and in 4.5% (13/287) of those with N-LR; p > 0.05. There was no correlation between the occurrence of TR and discharge from hospital (p > 0.05). Crossmatching, immunosuppressive therapy, and age of the blood product were not associated with the frequency of TR; p > 0.05 for all. The duration of survival days was not related to the number of transfusions dogs received.

Discussion

In the present study, the leukocyte-depletion of transfused pRBC units was not associated with fewer TR nor to fewer FNHTR compared to N-LR units. Discharge of dogs from hospital was not dependent on the occurrence of TR.
Quantitative proteomic analysis and verification identify global protein profiling dynamics in pig during the estrous cycle
Authors: Xin Haiyun , Li Baohong , Meng Fanming , Hu Bin , Wang Sutian , Wang Ying , Li Jianhao
Published: September 2023

The current estrus detection method is generally time-consuming and has low accuracy. As such, a deeper understanding of the physiological processes during the estrous cycle accelerates the development of estrus detection efficiency and accuracy. In this study, the label-free acquisition mass spectrometry was used to explore salivary proteome profiles during the estrous cycle (day −3, day 0, day 3, and day 8) in pigs, and the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was applied to verify the relative profiles of protein expression. A total of 1,155 proteins were identified in the label-free analysis, of which 115 were identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among different groups (p ≤ 0.05). Functional annotation revealed that the DEPs were clustered in calcium ion binding, actin cytoskeleton, and lyase activity. PRM verified the relative profiles of protein expression, in which PHB domain-containing protein, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, elongation factor Tu, carboxypeptidase D, carbonic anhydrase, and trefoil factor 3 were confirmed to be consistent in both label-free and PRM approaches. Comparative proteomic assays on saliva would increase our knowledge of the estrous cycle in sows and provide potential methods for estrus detection.
Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions
Authors: Onagbesan Okanlawon M. , Uyanga Victoria Anthony , Oso Oluwadamilola , Tona Kokou , Oke Oyegunle Emmanuel
Published: September 2023

Heat stress is a threat that can lead to significant financial losses in the production of poultry in the world’s tropical and arid regions. The degree of heat stress (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by poultry depends mainly on thermal radiation, humidity, the animal’s thermoregulatory ability, metabolic rate, age, intensity, and duration of the heat stress. Contemporary commercial broiler chickens have a rapid metabolism, which makes them produce higher heat and be prone to heat stress. The negative effect of heat stress on poultry birds’ physiology, health, production, welfare, and behaviors are reviewed in detail in this work. The appropriate mitigation strategies for heat stress in poultry are equally explored in this review. Interestingly, each of these strategies finds its applicability at different stages of a poultry’s lifecycle. For instance, gene mapping prior to breeding and genetic selection during breeding are promising tools for developing heat-resistant breeds. Thermal conditioning during embryonic development or early life enhances the ability of birds to tolerate heat during their adult life. Nutritional management such as dietary manipulations, nighttime feeding, and wet feeding often, applied with timely and effective correction of environmental conditions have been proven to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in chicks and adult birds. As long as the climatic crises persist, heat stress may continue to require considerable attention; thus, it is imperative to explore the current happenings and pay attention to the future trajectory of heat stress effects on poultry production.
Estimating the Energy Demand of the Residential Real Estate Stock in Hungary Based on Energy Performance Certificate Data
Authors: Bene Mónika , Ertl Antal , Horváth Áron , Mónus Gergely , Székely Judit
Published: September 2023

In our study, estimates are made for the distribution of the Hungarian residential real estate stock in 2020 by energy characteristics. In our calculations, which are novel in Hungary, a new database has been compiled by combining the energy certificates issued since 2016, the 2016 Microcensus and the housing construction statistics of the HCSO. Energy performance certificate data are assigned to the dwellings included in the Microcensus and to the 68,000 new dwellings built in the period since then. A statistical relationship is established between the characteristics and the energy demand of dwellings, which is then extrapolated to the stock as a whole. This is processed to present the estimated calculated energy consumption per square metre of the Hungarian residential real estate stock and the characteristics of the estimate by area and real estate type. Our results can support sustainable mortgage lending in the financial system.
Start-Up Ecosystem: Proposals for Fuelling the Hungarian Start-Up Scene
Authors: Havas András , Jánoskuti Levente , Matécsa Márta , Vecsernyés Tamás , Hörcsig Kata
Published: September 2023

The essay examines the role of the start-up ecosystem in the economy. It offers an international outlook to analyse the features of the Hungarian system, points out areas for development and reviews international best practices. The examination shows that overarching cooperation among economic actors could engender a startup scene where not only 30,000 new high value-added jobs would be created, but also around EUR 1.3 billion in direct funding would appear in the economy.
Horizontal and Vertical Value Creation in Bankrobotics and the AI-Washing Phenomenon
Authors: Prisznyák Alexandra
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, intelligent robots and related innovative technologies are emerging as driving forces that are reprogramming the traditional remnants of the banking sector. The purpose of this groundbreaking study is to localise the concept of bankrobotics, clarify the conceptualisation of bankrobotics technologies and analyse their applications in banking. Their value creation is interpreted along vertical and horizontal dimensions. On the basis of in-depth interviews, the approach and implementation of their organisational adoption are discussed, along with the factors inhibiting value creation. The author proposes the classification of partner chain-based AI systems, the introduction of incident databases and the establishment of disclosure obligations regarding investments in bankrobotics, to avoid the spread of the AI-washing phenomenon in the banking sector.
Experimental Determination of the Masking Threshold for Tonal Powertrain Noise in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Abbink Victor , Landes David , Altinsoy M. Ercan
Published: September 2023

Tonal powertrain noise can have a strong negative impact on vehicle sound quality. Therefore, an assessment of the perceptibility of tonal noise with respect to masking noise is essential for the vehicle development process. In electric vehicles, due to the missing masking by the combustion engine, new methods are required for this purpose. In this study, listening tests were conducted to determine the masking threshold in the electric vehicle interior for various driving speeds (30 km/h, 60 km/h, and 90 km/h) with an Adaptive-Forced-Choice method. The novelty of this study is that it used vehicle interior noise as a masker, compared to broadband or narrowband white and pink noises. It could be shown that the masking threshold in electric vehicles strongly depends on the driving speed, and the investigated interior noise mainly affects frequencies up to 6400 Hz in this speed range. For frequencies greater than 6400 Hz, the masking noise has no significant effect on perceptibility of tonal noise in the investigated vehicle, and only the subjects’ individual absolute threshold of hearing is relevant. Additionally, a strong variation in the masking threshold between the subjects was found for high frequencies. With these results, methods that estimate masking thresholds in electric vehicles can be improved. Furthermore, threshold targets can be adjusted for different customer groups.
On the Structural Behavior of MEMS Shallow Arch under Combined Effects of In-Plane Parallel Fields and Out-of-Plane Fringing-Fields
Authors: Ouakad Hassen M. , Najar Fehmi , Kacem Najib
Published: September 2023

We propose to study the nonlinear stroke and lower-order modal interactions of a clamped–clamped shallow-arch flexible micro-electrode. The flexible electrode is electrically actuated through an in-plane parallel-plates field superimposed over out-of-plane electrostatic fringing fields. The in-plane electrostatic fields result from a difference of potential between the initially curved flexible electrode and a lower stationary parallel-grounded electrode. Moreover, the out-of-plane fringing fields are mainly due to the out-of-plane asymmetry of the flexible shallow arch and two respective surrounding stationary side electrodes (left and right). A nonlinear beam model is first introduced, consisting of a nonlinear partial differential equation governing the flexible shallow-arch in-plane deflection. Then, a resultant reduced-order model (ROM) is derived assuming a Galerkin modal decomposition with mode-shapes of a clamped–clamped beam as basis functions. The ROM coupled modal equations are numerically solved to obtain the static deflection. The results indicate the possibility of mono-stable and bi-stable structural behaviors for this particular device, depending on the flexible electrode’s initial rise and the size of its stationary side electrodes. The eigenvalue problem is also derived and examined to estimate the variation of the first three lower natural frequencies of the device when the microbeam is electrostatically actuated. The proposed micro-device is tunable with the possibility of pull-in-free states in addition to modal interactions through linear coupled mode veering and crossover processes. Remarkably, the veering zone between the first and third modes can be electrostatically adjusted and reach 22.6kHz for a particular set of design parameters.
Starch-Based Superabsorbent Enhances the Growth and Physiological Traits of Ornamental Shrubs
Authors: Pacholczak Andrzej , Nowakowska Karolina , Monder Marta Joanna
Published: September 2023

Periods of heat and water deficit often occur together and are especially dangerous for plants grown in pots, where the substrate volume for roots is limited. The purpose of the present research was to understand the response of shrubs planted in containers to the addition of a starch-based superabsorbent to their growing medium. The growth parameters, physiological conditions, and oxidative stress of Cornus alba ’Aurea’, Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’, and Physocarpus opulifolius ‘Red Baron’ were assessed by adding a hydrogel (1, 2, or 3 g·dm−3) to their growing medium. The use of the superabsorbent improved the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, resulting in better growth parameters. The application of 1 g·dm−3 hydrogel increased the chlorophyll content in hydrangea and ninebark leaves (8%) and increased the content of total soluble sugars in these plants (12% and 15%, respectively). The highest increase in reducing sugars was caused by a dosage of 3 g·dm−3. The lowest dose of hydrogel resulted in a decrease in hydrogen peroxide content in the leaves of all the taxa. The relationship between the contents of biologically active components and oxidative stress proved ambiguous for all the taxa. Oxidative stress was reduced, as evidenced by lower hydrogen peroxide and an increase in pigment content. In summary, a hydrogel dosage of 2 g·dm−3 in the medium could be optimal in pot nursery production using 3 dm3 pots.
Comparative Analysis of Statistical Regression Models for Prediction of Live Weight of Korean Cattle during Growth
Authors: Na Myung Hwan , Cho Wanhyun , Kang Sora , Na Inseop
Published: September 2023

Measuring weight during cattle growth is essential for determining their status and adjusting the feed amount. Cattle must be weighed on a scale, which is laborious and stressful and could hinder growth. Therefore, automatically predicting cattle weight could reduce stress on cattle and farm laborers. This study proposes a prediction system to measure the change in weight automatically during growth using three regression models, using environmental factors, feed intake, and weight during the period. The Bayesian inference and likelihood estimation principles estimate parameters that determine the models: the weighted regression model (WRM), Gaussian process regression model (GPRM), and Gaussian process panel model (GPPM). A posterior distribution was derived using these parameters, and a weight prediction system was implemented. An experiment was conducted using image data to evaluate model performance. The GPRM with the squared exponential kernel had the best predictive power. Next, GPRMs with polynomial and rational quadratic kernels, the linear model, and WRM had the next-best predictive power. Finally, the GPRM with the linear kernel, the linear model, and the latent growth curve model, and types of GPPM had the next-best predictive power. GPRM and WRM are statistical probability models that apply predictions to the entire cattle population. These models are expected to be useful for predicting cattle growth on farms at a population level. However, GPPM is a statistical probability model designed for measuring the weight of individual cattle. This model is anticipated to be more efficient when predicting the weight of individual cattle on farms.
Cadmium Accumulation in Cacao Plants (Theobroma cacao L.) under Drought Stress
Authors: Ortiz-Álvarez Antonio , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Silva-Arero Elías Alexander , Rodríguez-Medina Caren , Argout Xavier , Castaño-Marín Ángela María
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to determine Cd accumulation under water-deficit conditions by young cacao plants. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Two full-sib families (IMC67 × PA121 and SCA6 × PA121), obtained through controlled crosses, and an open pollinated half-sib seedling family of IMC67, widely used as rootstock in Colombia, were employed. Plants were grown in Cd-contaminated soil (0.356 mg kg−1) without external sources of the metal. They were subjected to water deficit by suspending irrigation for consecutive periods of 19 and 27 days (D19 and D27), followed by rehydration. Water stress reduced leaf water potential (Ψleaf) with values from −1.51 to −2.09 MPa, with full-sib family SCA6 × PA121 being the most tolerant to water deficit. Cd concentration was influenced by biomass reduction (observed in IMC67 × PA121 and SCA6 × PA121) and transpiration rate (evident in IMC67) caused by water deficit. Full-sib progenies IMC67 × PA121 and SCA6 × PA121 accumulated more Cd in the plants than open pollinated IMC67, with higher Cd accumulation in leaves. The translocation factor (TF) revealed that the aboveground organs of the progenies were enriched with Cd (TF > 4). Water deficit increased Cd translocation from roots to leaves in IMC67 × PA121 and IMC 67, while there were no significant changes in SCA6 × PA121. Full-sib family SCA6 × PA121 stood out as the most promising progenies due to their water-stress tolerance and Cd accumulation stability. This study introduces a discussion about the influence of water stress on Cd accumulation in Theobroma cacao.
Genetic Variation in Turkish Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties for Resistance to Common Bunt
Authors: Tekin Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Common bunt, caused by Tilletia laevis and T. caries, is one of the major wheat diseases in Türkiye and in many countries in the world. To control this disease, chemical seed treatment is commonly used; however, it may cause harm to human and environmental health. Therefore, genetic resistance to control common bunt in an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable manner is the best choice. This study was conducted to determine the reactions of 102 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties with regard to their resistance to common bunt in field conditions over three consecutive years. Additionally, these varieties were molecularly screened with linked markers to Bt8, Bt9, Bt10, and Bt11. The infection rates ranged from 3.17 to 91.49%, 5.41 to 91.41%, 5.29 to 94.06%, and 6.85 to 90.30% in the growing seasons 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 and overall, respectively. In molecular screening, Bt8 was detected in 2 of the varieties, Bt10 in 10 of them, and Bt11 in 15 of them. There was no variety carrying only Bt9. However, many gene combinations, such as Bt8 + Bt9, Bt8 + Bt11, Bt9 + Bt10, Bt9 + Bt11, Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt10, and Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt11, were determined. The varieties with a gene combination of Bt8 + Bt9 + Bt11 had the lowest infection rates. As a result, 65.68% of the varieties were very susceptible. Only 3.92% of them had moderately resistant reaction. These varieties could be used in breeding programs conducted for resistance to common bunt.
Wood Vinegar Promotes Soil Health and the Productivity of Cowpea
Authors: Akley Edwin K. , Ampim Peter A. Y. , Obeng Eric , Sanyare Sophia , Yevu Mawuli , Owusu Danquah Eric , Asirifi Amoako Ophelia , Tengey Theophilus K. , Avedzi Justice K. , Avornyo Vincent K. , Neindow Abdul Fatawu , Seidu Abdul Fatawu
Published: September 2023

Wood vinegar (WV) is a biostimulant and a biopesticide that contains pyroligneous acid and is used as a crop growth enhancer and biocontrol agent, but insufficient information exists on WV’s effects on soil quality and cowpea production in Ghana. A field study (2 years) was conducted to determine the appropriate method of applying WV for soil health and cowpea production, and to determine the economic benefits of WV. Assessments were on nodulation, shoot biomass, yield, value–cost ratio, soil enzymes, soil respiration, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), permanganate-oxidizable carbon (POXC), mineralizable C, soil pH, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Results revealed soil drenching and foliar application are efficient methods of applying WV to achieve greater shoot dry matter, nodulation and grain yield of cowpea. Economically, soil drenching, followed by foliar application, generated better economic returns than the control. Adding WV to cowpea using soil drenching and foliar application improved soil health indicators. Soil enzymes and MBN were enhanced by WV applied foliarly and through soil drenching. Soil drenching with WV produced greater POXC and mineralizable C compared to the other treatments. Conclusively, WV applied foliarly and through soil drenching improved soil health, nodulation and yields of cowpea, and enhanced profitability.
Environmental and Anthropogenic Influences on Coliform Concentrations in the Octopus insularis Production Chain in the Veracruz Reef System, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Acuña-Ramírez Sarai , Jiménez-Badillo María de Lourdes , Galindo-Cortes Gabriela , Marval-Rodríguez Angel , Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Reyes-Velázquez Christian , Rodulfo-Carvajal Hectorina , De Donato-Capote Marcos
Published: September 2023

Coliforms are relatively common in aquatic environments, but their concentrations can be increased by environmental changes and anthropogenic activities, thus impacting fisheries resources. To determine the microbiological quality in the octopus production chain (capture, post-capture, processing and commercialization), total (TC) and fecal (FC) coliforms were quantified in sea water, fresh octopus, fresh water, ice and octopus in two presentations: packed in ice and boiled. Samples came from fishing zones Enmedio, Chopa and La Gallega at the Veracruz Reef System (VRS) during dry, rainy and windy seasons. The coliforms were determined using the most probable number technique (MPN). The most relevant results indicated that octopus packed in ice coming from the commercialization stage had FC levels >540 MPN/100 g, which exceeded the permissible limits (230 MPN/100 g). Therefore, these products present a risk for human consumption. Differences in FC were observed in octopuses between the three fishing zones (H = 8.697; p = 0.0129) and among the three climatic seasons, increasing during the rainy season, highlighting La Gallega with 203.33 ± 63 MPN (H = 7.200; p = 0.0273). The results provide evidence of the environmental and anthropogenic influences on coliform concentrations and the urgent need to implement an efficient cold chain throughout octopus production stages with adequate handling practices to reverse this situation.
Enterococci Isolated from One-Day-Old Chickens and Their Phenotypic Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Czech Republic
Authors: Bzdil Jaroslav , Sladecek Vladimir , Senk David , Stolar Petr , Waicova Zuzana , Kollertova Nela , Zouharova Monika , Matiaskova Katarina , Linhart Petr , Nedbalcova Katerina
Published: September 2023

Our study describes the prevalence and spectrum of enterococci isolated from one-day-old chickens in the Czech Republic, their level of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of multiresistance. Over a 24-month period from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2023, a total of 464 mixed samples of one-day-old chicken organs were examined during routine inspections at 12 randomly selected poultry farms in the Czech Republic. The samples were processed via cultivation methods and suspected strains were confirmed using the MALDI–TOF Mass Spectrometry method. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the MIC method for eight antimicrobials. A total of 128 isolates (prevalence of 27.6%) representing 4 species of enterococci were isolated, including Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae, with prevalence rates of 23.3%, 1.5%, 2.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Susceptibility tests showed a high percentage of susceptible strains among E. faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum for penicillin-based antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim, and florfenicol (80–100% susceptible strains). E. hirae was an exception, displaying complete resistance to enrofloxacin (0% susceptible strains) and a high degree of resistance to other tested antimicrobials (33.3% susceptible strains). Among the isolated strains, a total of 16 isolates (12.5%) showed resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials. Complete resistance to all eight antimicrobials simultaneously was observed in four isolates (3.1%). This research shows the possible sources of pathogenic enterococci and their virulence and resistance genes. The findings hold relevance for both veterinary and human medicine, contributing to a better understanding of enterococcal circulation in the human ecosystem and food chain, as well as the development of their resistance and multiresistance.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Empirical Antibiotic Treatments in Neonatal Sepsis: A Retrospective, Single-Center, 12-Year Study
Authors: Minotti Chiara , Di Caprio Antonella , Facchini Laura , Bedetti Luca , Miselli Francesca , Rossi Cecilia , Della Casa Muttini Elisa , Lugli Licia , Luppi Laura , Ferrari Filippo , Berardi Alberto
Published: September 2023

Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Continuous evaluation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles is advised to implement antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs and establish effective empiric antibiotic protocols. AMS may reduce AMR in NICUs and improve sepsis outcomes. In this retrospective observational study, we report data on culture-positive neonatal sepsis, assessing differences after the implementation of an AMS program (2011–2016 vs. 2017–2022). A total of 215 positive bacterial cultures from 169 infants were retrieved, with 79 early-onset (36.7%) and 136 late-onset (63.3%) sepsis episodes. Frequent causative agents for early-onset sepsis were S. agalactiae and E. coli, all susceptible to empiric treatment. Late-onset sepsis was mainly caused by Enterobacterales and S. aureus. Aminoglycosides, cefotaxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam resistance among Enterobacterales was substantially low; S. aureus was mostly susceptible to oxacillin and vancomycin. There were no differences in mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens rates between the two study periods. There were five episodes of fungal late-onset sepsis, mostly due to C. albicans, of which one was fatal. The microbial distribution pattern and AMR profiles overlapped with other European studies. Because susceptibility patterns are rapidly changing worldwide, with the emerging threat of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers, infection prevention and control practices and AMS strategies require continuous optimization to limit selection pressure and AMR escalation.
Comparing Mitochondrial Activity, Oxidative Stress Tolerance, and Longevity of Thirteen Ascomycota Yeast Species
Authors: Gröger Anna , Martínez-Albo Ilune , Albà M. Mar , Ayté José , Vega Montserrat , Hidalgo Elena
Published: September 2023

Aging is characterized by a number of hallmarks including loss of mitochondrial homeostasis and decay in stress tolerance, among others. Unicellular eukaryotes have been widely used to study chronological aging. As a general trait, calorie restriction and activation of mitochondrial respiration has been proposed to contribute to an elongated lifespan. Most aging-related studies have been conducted with the Crabtree-positive yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and with deletion collections deriving from these conventional yeast models. We have performed an unbiased characterization of longevity using thirteen fungi species, including S. cerevisiae and S. pombe, covering a wide range of the Ascomycota clade. We have determined their mitochondrial activity by oxygen consumption, complex IV activity, and mitochondrial redox potential, and the results derived from these three methodologies are highly overlapping. We have phenotypically compared the lifespans of the thirteen species and their capacity to tolerate oxidative stress. Longevity and elevated tolerance to hydrogen peroxide are correlated in some but not all yeasts. Mitochondrial activity per se cannot anticipate the length of the lifespan. We have classified the strains in four groups, with members of group 1 (Kluyveromyces lactis, Saccharomyces bayanus and Lodderomyces elongisporus) displaying high mitochondrial activity, elevated resistance to oxidative stress, and elongated lifespan.