bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of the chemotherapeutic efficacies of two salts of diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected dogs
Authors: Eze Ukamaka U. , Eke Ifeanyi G. , Ezeh Ikenna O. , Nzeakor Terry A. , Owube Callistus , Dede Ann , Anene Boniface M.
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To compare the anti-trypanosomal efficacies of 4,4-(diazoaminedibenzamidinetrihydrate) diacetate (4,4-DDBT) and 4,4-(diazoamino) benzamidine (4,4-DB) in experimental canine trypanosomosis.

Methods: The efficacies of 4,4-DDBT and 4,4-DB were evaluated in 4 groups of dogs (n = 3) designated A-D. Group A was normal control without infection or drug treatment, group B did not receive any drug treatment but was infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei, while groups C and D were infected with T. b. brucei and treated with 4,4-DDBT(3.5 mg/kg) and 4,4-DB (3.5 mg/kg), respectively.

Results: The incubation period of the infection was 6 - 9 days post-infection. Treatment of the dogs with 4,4-DDBT led to zero parasitaemia 48 h post-treatment, while there was only a decrease in parasitemia to log 6 in 4,4-DB-treated dogs. Resurgence of parasite into the blood stream occurred in 4,4-DDBTtreated dogs 6 days after initial parasite clearance. Blood analyses post-treatment revealed elevated leucocytes and lymphocytes in 4,4-DB-treated dogs (p < 0.05). Packed cell volume was also observed to be higher in 4,4-DDBT-treated group when compared to 4,4-DB group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that 4,4-DDBT is more efficacious in the clinical management of canine trypanosomosis caused by T. b. brucei. However, it does not prevent relapse of infection. Based on these findings, therefore, 4,4-DDBT should be the diminazene salt of choice when indicated in the clinical management of T. b. brucei infection in dogs.
Pharmacokinetic, acute toxicity, and pharmacodynamic studies of semen strychni total alkaloid microcapsules
Authors: Song Xinli , Yang Daobin , Wang Yunxia , Liu Wen , Wang Yonglin , Zhu Jiazhen
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of semen strychni total alkaloid microcapsules (SSTAM), compared with semen strychni total alkaloids (SSTA).

Methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to assess pharmacokinetics of brucine and strychnine in rats. Acute toxicity was investigated in pre-test and formal experiments in mice. The pharmacodynamics of SSTAM and SSTA were evaluated by their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Results: With respect to brucine, the half-life of SSTA group (1.6 mg/kg), low-dose SSTAM group (6 mg/kg) and high-dose SSTAM group (10 mg/kg) was 5.723, 9.321 and 9.025 h, respectively. With respect to strychnine, the half-life of SSTA group, low-dose SSTAM group and high-dose SSTAM group was 4.065, 8.819 and 8.654 h, respectively. The LD50 values of SSTAM group and SSTA group were 236.59 and 30.27 mg/kg, respectively. The pain inhibition rates of SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of SSTA group (p < 0.05) while the pain threshold values of the SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of blank control (p < 0.01) and SSTA groups (p < 0.01) at 60 min and 120 min. The inhibition rates of the SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were higher than that of SSTA group based on ear swelling and cotton ball granulation tests. Compared with blank control and SSTA groups, the absorbance values of SSTAM groups (25 and 50 mg/kg) were lower (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: SSTAM increases the dosage of administration but reducea the toxicity of the alkaloids in rats, and is thus a potentially safe and effective drug delivery system.
Bones and Concertina: The Sailors’ Instruments that Have Survived Over the Centuries
Authors: Mikołajko Annika
Published: July 2021

The history of the sailors’ instruments is currently a barely investigated area. In the past, bones were used frequently in a variety of music genres, whereas today they seem to be forgotten in certain countries. The simplicity of playing that once was their advantage has also resulted in the small number of written sources concerning the technique of playing as well as the way of producing of this instrument. Despite this fact, bones were the ground for what is called the “musical recycling”. Concertina, in spite of its much more complicated structure and technique of playing, is more popular and has been described in several secondary sources. There are even schools of playing on this instrument available. Unfortunately, concertina is rarely used in concert halls too. Both instruments, thanks to their simplicity and small size, visited almost every part of the world in the era of great sailing ships, but today they remain known and used only in specialised environments.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT GOOGLE TRANSLATION TOOL IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Sagita Mustakim , Jamaliah Jamaliah , Nurul Balqis
Published: July 2021

This research was aimed to know the students’ perception about Google Translation tool in learning English. The background of the research based on the raised of the use Google Translation tool among students. Therefore, the researcher conducts a research regarding students’ perception on the use of Google Translation tool in learning English. To answer the problem above, there are two research questions formulated. (1) how many percent students of English Department use Google Translation tool in learning English and (2) Students’ perception on the use of Google Translation tool in learning English. Meanwhile, to solve the research question that was already formulated, the researcher applied descriptive qualitative research design. There were two sets of questionnaire as instrument used in this research which were the first questionnaire to answer the first research question and the second questionnaire to answer the second research question. The respondents of this research were active students of English Department at Jabal Ghafur University in batch 2016-2019. All of them were chosen by using purposive sampling. The findings of this research showed that the students of English Department at Jabal Ghafur University used Google translation tool in learning English because sometimes they had difficulties in understanding English especially in translation activity. They utilize it to help them such as to translate, as dictionary, to check synonym and antonym, and to check pronunciation. Furthermore, they had a positive perception about Google Translation tool in learning English with majority of answers chosen by them were “agree” that it was helpful in learning English. In addition, there were also suggestions to students who use Google translation tool in learning English and the future researchers.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DARING BERBASIS “MINI WEBINAR”
Authors: Nisfi Setiana Leli , Supriyatno Teguh , Rahayu Pristiawati
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the use of mini webinars in Indonesian language learning in tertiary institutions. This study used a qualitative descriptive research design. The subjects of this research were students from several study programs at Sultan Agung Islamic University, while the object of this research was the use of mini webinars. The research data is in the form of student discussion results in the mini webinar presentation. The research sources were Indonesian MKU students from 7 study programs at Unissula. The results of the research, namely learning Indonesian in tertiary institutions by implementing mini webinar based presentations can train students' learning independence, become a source of learning information for students and turn on online learning Indonesian activities.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan mini webinar pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Perguruan Tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa dari beberapa Prodi di Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan mini webinar. Data penelitian berupa hasil diskusi mahasiswa pada kegiatan presentasi mini webinar. Sumber penelitian adalah mahasiswa MKU Bahasa Indonesia dari 7 Prodi di Unissula. Adapun hasil penelitian, yaitu pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Perguruan Tinggi dengan menerapkan presentasi berbasis mini webinar dapat melatih kemandirian belajar mahasiswa, menjadi sumber informasi belajar bagi mahasiswa dan menghidupkan kegiatan daring pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, Daring, Mini Webinar
NILAI MISTIS DAN MITOS YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM NOVEL KKN DI DESA PENARI KARYA SIMPLEMAN
Authors: Maulinda Rerin
Published: July 2021

A work has a distinctive existence by showing the differences of human fajta, namely the social and economic system. In addition, a work containing cultural undue will be closely related to the customs of certain norms and beliefs. This can be seen in the novel titled KKN In Dancer Village which contains mystical and mythical values using the study of literary anthropology nyoman Kutha Ratna theory. One form of the author's expression is his imaginative thinking and intuition about the points of mystical values and myths that exist in the novel and what it has to do with the real world. Literary anthropology is used to analyze these oin-points. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques using note-reading techniques and library study techniques. The results of literary anthropology research with mimesis approach show as follows. First, some of the pieces of the story experienced by the characters are directed at mystical things that then give rise to myths that are finally believed by the characters in the story. Second, the mystical values and myths that occur in each piece of the story sometimes occur and appear in the real world. That means it does happen in the real world, not just fiction.

Abstrak

Sebuah karya memiliki eksistensi yang khas dengan memperlihatkan perbedaan dari fakta manusia, yaitu sistem sosial dan ekonomi. Selain itu, sebuah karya yang mengandung unsur kebudayaan akan berkaitan erat dengan adat istiadat norma-norma dan kepercayaan tertentu. Hal ini terlihat dalam novel berjudul KKN Di Desa Penari yang memuat nilai mistis dan mitos dengan menggunakan kajian antropologi sastra teori Nyoman Kutha Ratna. Salah satu wujud ekspresi pengarang ialah pemikiran dan intuisi imajinatifnya mengenai poin-poin nilai mistis dan mitos yang ada dalam novel dan apa saja hubungannya dengan dunia nyata. Antropologi sastra digunakan untuk menganalisis poin-poin tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik baca catat dan teknik studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian antropologi sastra dengan pendekatan mimesis menunjukkan sebagai berikut. Pertama, beberapa penggalan cerita yang dialami oleh para tokoh mrngarah pada hal mistis yang kemudian menimbulkan mitos yang akhirnya diyakini oleh para tokoh dalam cerita. Kedua, nilai mistis dan mitos yang terjadi dalam setiap penggalan cerita terkadang terjadi dan muncul pada dunia nyata. Itu artinya hal tersebut memang terjadi pula dalam dunia nyata bukan hanya cerita fiksi saja.

Kata Kunci : Antropologi Sastra, Nilai Mistis, Dan Mitos
ANALISIS KETERLAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI KELAS TINGGI SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Auliya Vilda Ghasya Dyoty , Salimi Asmayani , Pranata Rio
Published: July 2021

The research aims to describe the learning planning of Mathematics subjects that have been made by teachers in grade IV, V and VI elementary schools, describing the pattern of implementation of distance learning in mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school, describing the difficulty of teachers in carrying out distance learning in mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school , describe the difficulties of grade IV, V and VI elementary school students in following distance learning in Mathematics subjects, describe the advantages of the implementation pattern of distance learning in mathematics grade IV, V and VI elementary school, and describe the opinions of parents or guardians of students on distance learning of Mathematics subjects grade IV, V and VI elementary school during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses qualitative research approach with exploration study type. The result of this study is distance learning in mathematics subjects grade VI, V and VI elementary schools there are conducted online and mixed. The implementation of distance learning in mathematics subjects grade VI, V and VI received a variety of responses from teachers, students and parents or guardians.

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Matematika yang telah di buat oleh guru pada kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan pola pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan kesulitan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar dalam mengikuti pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran Matematika, mendeskripsikan kelebihan pola pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar, dan mendeskripsikan pendapat orang tua atau wali murid terhadap pembelajaran jarak jauh mata pelajaran Matematika kelas IV, V dan VI sekolah dasar pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi eksplorasi. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas VI, V dan VI sekolah dasar ada yang dilaksanakan secara online maupun campuran. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh pada mata pelajaran matematika kelas VI, V dan VI mendapatkan berbagai respon dari guru, siswa dan orang tua atau wali murid.

Kata Kunci:  Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh, Matematika, Kelas Tinggi Sekolah Dasar
Peranan Membaca Alkitab Terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual Anak Kristen
Authors: Mau Marthen , Saenom Saenom , Fransiska Ferdiana
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe role of reading the Bible is indispensable because the Bible has changed the lives of evil people, people are willing to die for the Bible, the Bible is God's most accurate book, the Bible contains messages of freedom that transform human lives, and connects readers with the person of Jesus Christ as a person. the most important thing in history, that can be trusted by mankind or Christian children so that their spirituality will grow well. This study aims to explain the role of reading the Bible on children's Christian spiritual intelligence. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, with the approach of observation and interview methods as primary sources; and documentation as a secondary source. The result of this research is that formal Christian educators actually have to play a proactive role in encouraging Christian children to be more faithful in reading the Bible because the essence of the Bible is able to grow their spiritual intelligence. So Christian children are increasingly motivated to read, listen to God's words, and be active in fellowship with Jesus Christ, so their spirituality will grow better. AbstrakPeranan membaca Alkitab sangat diperlukan karena Alkitab telah mengubah kehidupan manusia yang jahat, orang-orang bersedia mati untuk Alkitab, Alkitab merupakan buku Allah yang paling akurat, Alkitab berisi tentang pesan kebebasan yang mengubahkan hidup manusia, dan menghubungkan para pembaca dengan pribadi Yesus Kristus sebagai sosok terpenting di sepanjang sejarah, yang dapat dipercayai umat manusia atau anak-anak Kristen supaya spiritualitasnya bertumbuh baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peranan membaca Alkitab terhadap kecerdasan spiritual anak Kristen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan pendekatan metode observasi dan wawancara sebagai sumber primer; serta dokumentasi sebagai sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sesungguhnya pendidik Kristen formal harus berperan proaktif untuk memberi semangat kepada anak-anak Kristen agar semakin setia dalam membaca Alkitab karena esensi dari Alkitab mampu menumbuhkan kecerdasan spiritualnya. Jadi anak-anak Kristen semakin diberikan motivasi untuk membaca, mendengarkan firman Tuhan, dan giat dalam persekutuan dengan Yesus Kristus, maka spiritualnya akan semakin bertumbuh baik.
Alarm on Clearance Executive Monitor Instrument Landing System (ILS) Glide Path 36 PERUM LPPNPI Manado Branch Office
Authors: Octavianie Adhitya , Ichsan Muh.
Published: July 2021

ILS equipment is one of the landing navigational aids using radio waves as an instrument (non-visual) which is used by pilots in carrying out aircraft approach and landing procedures at an airport. The problem is the Instrument Landing System (ILS) on the Glide Path (GP) equipment on Runway 36. Glide Path has a monitor that functions to monitor the signal to be emitted by the antenna, the signal to be monitored is processed by the detector module, there are 3 detectors including COURSE CSB detector, COURSE SBO detector, and CLEARANCE detector. The signal coming from the antenna will be detected (sampled) by each detector and then forwarded to the monitor module for processing and the results are displayed on the PMDT (Portable Maintenance Data Terminal) monitor. When the value of the monitor reading exceeds the limit of the tolerance value that has been set, a pre-alarm / alarm will occur. The results obtained that the Clearance detector module on the panel box monitoring combining network connected to the monitor reading was damaged, so replacing the detector module and resetting the selectors on the panel box as well as calibrating and normalizing are the problem-solving steps.
El trasfondo ontológico de la modernidad occidental: Revisión crítica de la escisión naturaleza/cultura
Authors: Monfrinotti Lescura Vanessa Ivana
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo se realiza un recorrido conceptual en torno a la conformación del dualismo naturaleza/cultura en el marco de una ontología específica: la ontología dualista propia de la modernidad occidental. En una primera instancia, las raíces de dicho binomio remiten al escenario del siglo XVII, enunciado filosóficamente por René Descartes a partir de la escisión res cogitans/res extensa. Este proceso no finaliza allí, por lo que, en este trabajo, se da cuenta del modo en que dicho dualismo requirió de complejos mecanismos (epistémicos, filosóficos, culturales, históricos, políticos, etc.) que cristalizaron la conformación de dos ámbitos ontológicamente autónomos, por un lado, lo socio-cultural y, por otro, lo natural. El propósito de este análisis es dar cuenta de cuáles son las bases ontológicas que nos condujeron a un presente inmerso en una crisis civilizatoria, anunciada así por diversas posturas epistémicas y movimientos sociales.
Timing Black-Box Attacks: Crafting Adversarial Examples through Timing Leaks against DNNs on Embedded Devices
Authors: Nakai Tsunato , Suzuki Daisuke , Fujino Takeshi
Published: July 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been applied to various industries. In particular, DNNs on embedded devices have attracted considerable interest because they allow real-time and distributed processing on site. However, adversarial examples (AEs), which add small perturbations to the input data of DNNs to cause misclassification, are serious threats to DNNs. In this paper, a novel black-box attack is proposed to craft AEs based only on processing time, i.e., the side-channel leaks from DNNs on embedded devices. Unlike several existing black-box attacks that utilize output probability, the proposed attack exploits the relationship between the number of activated nodes and processing time without using training data, model architecture, parameters, substitute models, or output probability. The perturbations for AEs are determined by the differential processing time based on the input data of the DNNs in the proposed attack. The experimental results show that the AEs of the proposed attack effectively cause an increase in the number of activated nodes and the misclassification of one of the incorrect labels against the DNNs on a microcontroller unit. Moreover, these results indicate that the attack can evade gradient-masking and confidence reduction countermeasures, which conceal the output probability, to prevent the crafting of AEs against several black-box attacks. Finally, the countermeasures against the attack are implemented and evaluated to clarify that the implementation of an activation function with data-dependent timing leaks is the cause of the proposed attack.
DL-LA: Deep Learning Leakage Assessment
Authors: Moos Thorben , Wegener Felix , Moradi Amir
Published: July 2021

In recent years, deep learning has become an attractive ingredient to side-channel analysis (SCA) due to its potential to improve the success probability or enhance the performance of certain frequently executed tasks. One task that is commonly assisted by machine learning techniques is the profiling of a device’s leakage behavior in order to carry out a template attack. At CHES 2019, deep learning has also been applied to non-profiled scenarios for the first time, extending its reach within SCA beyond template attacks. The proposed method, called DDLA, has some tempting advantages over traditional SCA due to merits inherited from (convolutional) neural networks. Most notably, it greatly reduces the need for pre-processing steps< when the SCA traces are misaligned or when the leakage is of a multivariate nature. However, similar to traditional attack scenarios the success of this approach highly depends on the correct choice of a leakage model and the intermediate value to target. In this work we explore, for the first time in literature, whether deep learning can similarly be used as an instrument to advance another crucial (non-profiled) discipline of SCA which is inherently independent of leakage models and targeted intermediates, namely leakage assessment. In fact, given the simple classification-based nature of common leakage assessment techniques, in particular distinguishing two groups fixed-vs-random or fixed-vs-fixed, it comes as a surprise that machine learning has not been brought into this context, yet. Our contribution is the development of the first full leakage assessment methodology based on deep learning. It gives the evaluator the freedom to not worry about location, alignment and statistical order of the leakages and easily covers multivariate and horizontal patterns as well. We test our approach against a number of case studies based on FPGA, ASIC and μC implementations of the PRESENT block cipher, equipped with state-of-the-art SCA countermeasures. Our results clearly show that the proposed methodology and network structures are robust across all case studies and outperform the classical detection approaches (t-test and X2-test) in all considered scenarios.
Countermeasures against Static Power Attacks
Authors: Moos Thorben , Moradi Amir
Published: July 2021

In recent years it has been demonstrated convincingly that the standby power of a CMOS chip reveals information about the internally stored and processed data. Thus, for adversaries who seek to extract secrets from cryptographic devices via side-channel analysis, the static power has become an attractive quantity to obtain. Most works have focused on the destructive side of this subject by demonstrating attacks. In this work, we examine potential solutions to protect circuits from silently leaking sensitive information during idle times. We focus on countermeasures that can be implemented using any common digital standard cell library and do not consider solutions that require full-custom or analog design flow. In particular, we evaluate and compare a set of five distinct standard-cell-based hiding countermeasures, including both, randomization and equalization techniques. We then combine the hiding countermeasures with state-of-the-art hardware masking in order to amplify the noise level and achieve a high resistance against attacks. An important part of our contribution is the proposal and evaluation of the first ever standard-cell-based balancing scheme which achieves perfect data-independence on paper, i.e., in absence of intra-die process variations and aging effects. We call our new countermeasure Exhaustive Logic Balancing (ELB). While this scheme, applied to a threshold implementation, provides the highest level of resistance in our experiments, it may not be the most cost effective option due to the significant resource overhead associated. All evaluated countermeasures and combinations thereof are applied to a serialized hardware implementation of the PRESENT block cipher and realized as cryptographic co-processors on a 28nm CMOS ASIC prototype. Our experimental results are obtained through real-silicon measurements of a fabricated die of the ASIC in a temperature-controlled environment using a source measure unit (SMU). We believe that our elaborate comparison serves as a useful guideline for hardware designers to find a proper tradeoff between security and cost for almost any application.
Types of Waqf in Oman
Authors: Said Al-Salmani Said Rashid
Published: July 2021

The Omani Waqf institution is one of the oldest waqf institutions in the Islamic world. This is because Omanis voluntarily accepted Islam, individually and collectively early in the sixth year of the Hijrah. Some researchers believe that the first waqf in Oman was established by the Companion Mazen Bin Ghadouba Al-Tai’s. Since then, the waqf institution has played a prominent rule in Omani society. This article reveals the literatures of Omani waqf and discusses a brief historical development of the waqf institution in Oman followed by how it differs from other waqf institutions in the Islamic world. The main question of this study is; what are the types of waqf in Oman? To answer this question; content analysis as a research method is used. The study has three main objectives. The author found 60 types that are used and repeated in most waqf deeds. Waqf for children dominated the Awqaf of Omanis in the Sultanate of Zanzibar during the days of Omani rule. This was unlike the endowments in the mainland Oman. Waqf to Mosques is the most common type of endowment in Oman.
Somali society's concept of stewardship: A study from Islamic perspective
Authors: Abdurahman Rahma Qassim , Samsudin Sofiah Bt.
Published: July 2021

This research’s topic revolves around a sensitive and strange issue that usually causes imbalance in family bonding and undermining stewardship in Somali society, which is the issue of leaving maintenance of the family to the women due to lack of supporter and carer for them. Therefore, it makes the highest population of the women in that society engage in different kind of jobs, which gives them the power of controlling homes and the society. The researcher adopts the inductive research methodology to gather pieces of evidence on the custodian of stewardship and how to control the family from the word of Allah and the sayings of the prophet Muhammad, as well as books and articles written by Somali scholars and researchers and United Nation report regarding the women guardianship in Somali society. The researcher also adopts analytical method to analyse the texts gathered from the texts related to the topic, and followed by interview, which is used to collect data related to the topic from nine respondents; four among them are elites, another four are laymen, and the president of (Somali Scholars Association), then analyse the interview and derive the effects of misunderstanding the stewardship on Somali community. In conclusion, the research finds that the civil war is one of the factors contributed to strengthening women stewardship in the Somali community, and that the Somali men misunderstood the true meaning of guardianship due to lack of deep understanding of it. The researcher also observed that addiction of men to the “khat weed” is another factor contributes to the men unseriousness in the Somali community and results to family separation in the community, hence, it leads Somali women to go out for work and get more power over the men, which causes emotional and educational deprive for Somali children, and consequently leads to the behavioral deviation in them. It is also found through the research that lack of state’s security and protection for women, absence of a tangible family regulation, loss of moral supports from religious scholars.
NSC KIPT POSITRON SOURCE. PRE-PROJECT RESEARCH
Authors: Bulyak E.V. , Dovbnya A.N. , Kushnir V.A. , Mytrochenko V.V. , Perezhogin S.A. , Opanasenko A.N.
Published: July 2021

We present the results of theoretical and numerical studies on the source of slow positrons for NSC KIPT. The positrons are intended to generate with the electrons of 9, 40 or 90 MeV available at the KIPT electron linacs. The yield of positrons from the conversion target is estimated as well as their spatial-angular characteristics. Optimal parameters of the conversion target for each energy of electrons are estimated. Preliminary design of the positron beam formation system is also presented. Qualitative analytical dependencies of the positron beam parameters at the system exit upon the amplitude and the decrease factor of the magnetic field in the Adiabatic Matching Device (AMD) solenoid have been established. These dependencies have been used for system optimization. Numerical simulations allow to optimize the parameters of AMD for solenoid available in the laboratory. Possible application of the subharmonic RF cavity for reduction of the energy of positrons has also been estimated and validated by the simulations. As it has been shown, this cavity can substantially decrease the positron energy and thus facilitate operation of the moderator.
Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS UNDER ELECTRON IRRADIATION WITH THE ENERGY OF 23 MeV
Authors: Bovda V.A. , Bovda А.М. , Guk I.S. , Dovbnya A.N. , Lyashchenko V.N. , Mytsykov A.O. , Onishchenko L.V. , Каndybei S.S. , Repikhov О.А.
Published: July 2021

Four Nd-Fe-B magnets underwent irradiation under 23 MeV electron beam. Nd-Fe-B magnets were magnetized to the technical saturation in the magnetic field of 3.5 T before electron treatment. Two Nd-Fe-B samples (1 and 2) were exposed to the direct electron beam with the energy of 23 MeV. Sample 2 was shielded by tungsten converter. The thickness of the tungsten converter was 4.72 mm. The absorbed dose for the samples was 16 GRad. Sample 3 was subjected to bremsstrahlung of electron irradiation with the energy of 23 MeV. Sample 4 was used as a reference sample for calibration and control measurements. While magnetic flux of sample under direct electron beam of 23 MeV was changed significantly, sample 2 showed the change of magnetic flux to a less degree. Magnetic performance of sample 3 corresponded closely to the initial state.
ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES BY INTENSIVE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN A VACUUM WITH EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD
Authors: Buts V.А. , Kuzmin V.V. , Tolstoluzhsky A.P.
Published: July 2021

The possibilities and conditions of effective interaction, in particular acceleration, of charged particles by the field of an intense plane electromagnetic wave in the presence of an external constant magnetic field are considered. It is shown that the well-known conditions of cyclotron resonances require generalization. New conditions for the resonant interaction of charged particles are formulated, which contain not only the strength of the external magnetic field (as the well-known conditions of cyclotron resonances) but also the field strength of the wave. Cases of both small wave field strengths, so large, are considered. It is shown that new resonance conditions open up new possibilities for effective particle acceleration.
SHORT PULSE ELECTRON LINAC WITH FULL BEAM LOADING COMPENSATION
Authors: Mytrochenko V.V. , Perezhogin S.O. , Zhyglo V.Ph. , Opanasenko А.M.
Published: July 2021

Acceleration of intense short-pulsed electron beams in transient mode with energy spread about a few tenths of a percent is the actual problem for RF linacs, in an instance, for an electron injector of a storage ring. In this work we study both analytically and numerically unsteady self-consistent beam dynamics in the one section RF linac fed from SLED. For compensation of the transient beam loading, resulting in beam energy spread, a method of a beam delay with respect to RF pulse is consider. In order to increase efficiency of this method we choose a homogenous dick-loaded waveguide with π/2 phase advance as an accelerating structure that characterized by the minimal frequency dispersion of group velocity. The preliminary results show that the full beam loading compensation is possible for the 1.2 A beam at its acceleration up to 60 MeV during 50 ns.
ON GENERATION OF A WAVE PACKAGE IN A WAVEGUIDE, FILLED ACTIVE MEDIUM
Authors: Kostenko V.V. , Kuklin V.M. , Poklonskiy E.V.
Published: July 2021

Excitation of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide with a medium, which is a two-level system, is considered. To describe the processes, both classical electrodynamics methods and quantum mechanics methods are used. The nature of the processes under study turns out to depend on the relationship between the Rabi frequency and the line width of the excited wave packet. It is shown that if the field energy density is high, then spatially inhomogeneous Rabi frequencies arise, which leads to oscillatory behavior of the wave field amplitudes. If the levels of the excited field are small, then the dynamics of the two-level quantum system becomes monotonic and the population inversion tends to zero.
ON COHERENT AND INCOHERENT SCATTERING OF FAST CHARGED PARTICLES IN ULTRATHIN CRYSTALS
Authors: Shul'ga N.F. , Koriukina V.D.
Published: July 2021

We consider the fast charged particles scattering in ultrathin crystals on the base of the Born approximation of quantum electrodynamics. The main attention is paid to the question of the scattering cross section splitting into coherent and incoherent components when one of the crystallographic axes and planes is oriented along the direction of particle motion. It is shown that both the coherent and the incoherent components of the scattering cross section considerably depend on the orientation of the crystallographic axes relatively to the incident beam. In particular, it was shown that when particles are scattered by the crystal planes of atoms, the incoherent scattering cross section does not contain the Debye-Waller factor.
RESEARCH ON COPPER-67 SEPARATION OBTAINED BY PHOTO-NUCLEAR FROM ZINC OF NATURAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Azarov O.I. , Bocharov V.O. , Stoyanov O.F.
Published: July 2021

In the world, it is planned to produce promising for the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals of radioisotope copper-67 by the reaction of its production from zinc-68 under the influence of γ-radiation on an electron accelerator. The next major issue is the separation of copper and zinc. Extraction, ion exchange and thermal distillation of zinc have already been studied in detail. Co-precipitation of copper with low zinc and thermal distillation of organic compounds of metals is promising.
Comunidade ictioplanctônica da zona de arrebentação das praias Do Araçagy E Panaquatira, ilha do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Rayssa de Lima , Da Silveira Paula Cilene Alves , Da Costa Delzenira Silva Nascimento
Published: July 2021

O ictioplâncton da zona de arrebentação de duas praias da ilha do Maranhão (Araçagy e Panaquatira) foi estudado durante os meses de janeiro, abril e agosto de 2013, com ênfase na pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa de seus representantes. O material biológico foi coletado com redes de arrasto horizontal com rede de plâncton cônico-cilíndrico com malhas de 300 µm e 500 µm e tamponado com formaldeído a 4%. Os parâmetros abióticos foram medidos in situ (pH, salinidade e temperatura), exceto o oxigênio dissolvido, que foi fixado e determinado em laboratório. Após a identificação das larvas de peixes foi determinada a abundância relativa (Ar), frequência de ocorrência (%) e análise de componentes principais (PCA). Foram coletados 60 ovos e 23 larvas nas áreas de estudo, distribuídas entre as famílias: Clupeidae, Carangidea, Ephippidae, Gerreidae, Paralichthydae e Engraulidae. Este último foi considerado abundante (Ar ≥ 50%) e com maior frequência (70% e 50%). O ACP revelou uma relação diferente para cada praia entre variáveis bióticas e abióticas. Essa relação indicou a presença de representantes de Engraulidae e Clupeidae em diferentes faixas de salinidade e temperatura, determinadas pela preferência de cada espécie, bem como sua influência no pico reprodutivo dessas famílias. Este estudo observou padrões de abundância e frequência de larvas de peixes demonstrando um ambiente dominado por um baixo número de indivíduos. Desse baixo número, poucos têm um alto grau de dominância, principalmente devido à dinâmica e ao alto padrão de energia das zonas de arrebentação. Entre as famílias dominantes, aquelas com características estuarinas como Engraulidae e Clupeidae confirmam uma conexão entre a zona de arrebentação e o estuário.
Evde Bakım Hizmetinde Çalışan Kadın Göçmen İşgücünün İstihdam Deneyimleri: Ankara İli Örneği
Authors: TUTAR Kürşat
Published: July 2021

Literatürde yer alan evde bakım hizmetleri çalışmalarına göre ağırlıklı olarak kadın işgücünden bahsetmek mümkündür. Sağlık sektörü içerisinde önemli yer teşkil eden evde bakım hizmetinin yürütülmesinde göçmen işgücüne ihtiyaç duyulduğu yönündedir. Gerek göçmen kadın emeğinin gerekse evde bakım hizmeti işinin temel özellikleri bağlamında ele alınan bu çalışmada; iş arama kanalları ve süreleri, işe giriş ve sonrası süreç gibi istihdam durumları araştırılmak istenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan Suriyeli kadın işgücünün Ankara ilinde istihdam edildikleri evde bakım hizmeti işlerinde karşılaştıkları temel sorun alanlarına ek olarak ne tür hizmetler yürüttükleri ve mesleki sorun alanlarının tespiti araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları istihdam imkanlarının sunmuş olduğu fırsat ve tehdit alanlarının ana hatlarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Impact of Financial inclusion and financial stability: Empirical and theoretical review
Authors: Kamal Asghar , Hussain Talat , Khan Muhammad Mahmood Shah
Published: July 2021

The foremost objective of this research is to review the connection among the financial inclusion (FI) and banks financial stability (FS). The research article surveys a vest body of literature devoted to evaluating the relationship of among the FI and FS of the banks. The literature review evaluates recent empirical research studies on the impact of FS and banks FS. The research works divided into following part (i) What is financial inclusion (FI) (ii) What is financial stability (FS) (iii) the influence of FI and FS (iv) FI measurement and indicator (v) whether FI lead to enhance the FS. This paper presents the relevant review of imperialistic research on the nexus among the influence of FI on FS since the period of 1995-2020. Abundant research studies to date suggest that FI has positive and significant impact on FS of the banks’ stability. While few other research study also reveals that when FI have negative influence on the FS is due to the without having efficient management when the credit is expanded in this time it will increase the risk for financial stability.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKSANAAN MONETER TERHADAP NILAI TUKAR DOMESTIK DI INDONESIA (1990-2005)
Authors: Abidin Zaenal
Published: July 2021

Penelitan ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh transfomasi kebijaksanaan moneter yang diwakili (proxy) oleh kredit domestic dan tingkat bunga terhadap nilai tukar domestik (rupiah). Kebijakan monter dalam system nilai tukar bebas,termasuk system nilai tukar mengambang bebas seperti yang dianut oleh perekonomian nasional tidak dapat mempengaruhi nilai tukar domestic secara langsung,tetapi kebijakan moneter dapat mentranfomasikan pengaruhnya melalui cadangan devisa,pendapatan nasional, dan tingkat harga.Perubahan variable ekonomi tersebut secara simultan dapat mempengaruhi nilai tukar domestik. Melalui penelitian ini akan mencoba menganalisis fenomena tersebut di atas. Dengan mengunakan metode penelitian kuadrat terkecil dua tahap atau meotede pengujian dua tahap (TWO-SLS) dan data yang digunakan data makro-ekonomi nasional dengan tipe data deretan waktu pertahun (time series). Adapun variabel endogen diwakili oleh cadangan devisa, pendapatan nasional dan tingkat harga untuk tahap pertama, sedangkan variable eksogen kredit domestic dan tingkat bunga. Pada tahap kedua variabel endogen ditetapkan adalah cadangan devisa,pendapatan nasional dan tingkat harga serta variable eksogennya adalah nilai tukar. Hasil regresi dengan R2 = 87% dan t-stastik dibawah rata-rata 5% setiap variable menujukkan kebijakan moneter dapat mentransfomasikan pengaruhnya melalui cadangan devisa, pendapatan nasional dan tingkat harga pada tukar domstik yang menganut system nilai tukar mengambang bebas seperti yang dianut perekonomian Indonesia.
IMPLEMENTASI ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM PADA USAHA JUAL BELI CABAI (STUDI KASUS PETANI DI KELURAHAN ALEHANUAE KECAMATAN SINJAI UTARA)
Authors: Rahman Abd , Nurfadillah
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui etika bisnis Islam pada usaha jual beli cabai di Kelurahan Alehanuae dan untuk mengetahui transaksi penjualan yang dilakukan oleh petani cabai di Kelurahan Alehanuae. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan pada saat pengumpulan data berlangsung, dan setelah selesai pengumpulan data dalam periode tertentu. Pada saat wawancara peneliti sudah melakukan analisis terhadap jawaban yang diwawancarai, setelah dianalisis terasa belum memuaskan, maka peneliti akan melanjutkan pertanyaan lagi, sampai tahap tertentu dimana diperoleh data yang dianggap kredibel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan etika bisnis Islam petani cabai masih kurang diterapkan di Kelurahan Alehanuae. Karena melihat dari petani (penjual) cabai yang memberikan sampel cabai untuk dilihat pembeli yang tidak sesuai dengan cabai yang dijual. Kemudian tetap menjual cabai campuran antara yang segar dan kurang segar. Hal tersebut tentu tidak sesuai dengan etika bisnis penjual kepada pembeli. Selanjutnya transaksi penjualan yang dilakukan oleh petani cabaidi Kelurahan Alehanue adalah sesuao akad jual beli dengan membayar uang. Setelah membayarnya dengan uang, maka selesailah akad itu. Dan adapun yang tidak menjadi akad dalam proses transaksi jual beli yang diterapkan yaitu hanya untuk garansi ketika pembeli tidak merasa puas sesuai yang diharapkan maka pembeli tidak bisa mengembalikannnya. Semua ditanggung oleh masing-masing pihak baik keuntungan maupun kerugian yang dialami sudah menjadi resiko bagi penjual dan pembeli.
PENGARUH FAKTOR EKONOMI TERHADAP PENJUALAN RUMAH SUBSIDI (STUDI KASUS DI PERUMAHAN BUMI LAPPA MAS KABUPATEN SINJAI)
Authors: Muhammad Ikbal  , Rudi Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh faktor ekonomi terhadap penjualan rumah subsidi di perumahan Bumi Lappa Mas dan untuk mengetahui besaran pengaruh faktor ekonomi terhadap penjualan rumah subsidi di perumahan Bumi Lappa Mas. Faktor ekonomi dalam mempengaruhi penjualan rumah subsidi di perupahan Bumi Lappa Mas merupakan daya yang timbul dari peristiwa yang mempengaruhi segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan tindakan ekonomi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat berupa faktor harga penjualan rumah, besarnya pembayaran angsuran/cicilan, dan tingkat pendapatan/penghasilan masyarakat terhadap penjualan rumah subsidi Bumi Lappa Mas Kabupaten Sinjai. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa 1) Faktor ekonomi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penjualan rumah subsidi di perumahan Bumi Lappa Mas. Hal ini diperoleh berdasarkan analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 16, diketahui t-hitung faktor ekonomi 7,732 > 2,020 (t-tabel) dan nilai probabilitas 0,000 < 0,05. 2) Besaran pengaruh faktor ekonomi terhadap penjualan rumah subsidi di perumahan Bumi Lappa Mas adalah 59% dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh sebab-sebab lain (yang tidak diteliti). -2,647.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KARIR TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS BKPSDM KAB. GOWA (STUDI PEGAWAI BKPSDM PADA KANTOR BUPATI KAB. GOWA)
Authors: Jafar Akhmad
Published: July 2021

Kantor BKPSDM Kab Gowa, merupakan dinas pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui sampai dimana perkembangan kinerja pegawai dalam setiap dinas yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan karir terhadap Kinerja baik secara simultan maupun parsial  pada dinas BKPSDM Kab Gowa. Penelitian  ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan data yang bersifat angka-angka dianalisis melalui statistik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode sampel jenuh yang secara langsung memilih jumlah keseluruhan pegawai yakni 41 orang pegawai. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner kepada pegawai yang dianggap sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Data dianalisis menggunakan rumus diantaranya : uji validasi, dan reliabilitas, uji analisis regresi berganda, uji asumsi klasik, uji f test dan uji t test, uji keofisien determinasi, dengan bantuan software SPSS 21. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan karir berpengaruh signifikan, secara simultan, dan secara parsial terhadap prestasi kerja pada dinas BKPSDM Kab Gowa.  Variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan karir memiliki koefisien regresi positif (+) yang menunjukkan suatu hubungan searah, dengan kata lain, pelatihan dan pengembangan karir akan meningkatkan Kinerja Pegawai pada dinas BKPSDM Kab Gowa.
Harta Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Mayseliandra Shalza yashinta
Published: July 2021

Alquran menyebut kata Al-Mal (harta) tidak kurang dari 86 kali. Penyebutan berulang-ulang terhadap sesuatu di dalam Alquran menunjukkan adanya perhatian khusus dan penting terhadap sesuatu itu. Harta merupakan bagian penting dari kehidupan yang tidak dipisahkan dan selalu diupayakan oleh manusia dalam kehidupannya terutama di dalam Islam. Islam memandang keinginan manusia untuk memperoleh, memiliki, dan memanfaatkan harta sebagai sesuatu  yang lazim, dan urgen. Harta diperoleh, dimiliki, dandimanfaatkan manusia untuk memenuhi hajat hidupnya, baik bersifat materi maupun non materi. Manusia berusaha sesuai dengan naluri dan kecenderungan untuk mendapatkan harta. Alquran memandang harta sebagai sarana bagi manusia untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Khaliq-Nya, bukan tujuan utama yang dicari dalam kehidupan. Dengan keberadaan harta, manusia diharapkan memiliki sikap derma yang memperkokoh sifat kemanusiannya. Jika sikap derma ini berkembang, maka akan mengantarkan manusia kepada derajat yang mulia, baik di sisi Tuhan maupun terhadap sesama manusia.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN MINAT MAHASISWA DALAM BERINVESTASI DI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH
Authors: Yuni Inawati  , Muhammad Syariful Anam  , Pandu Nur Wicaksono  , Nailis Safaah  , Yusvita Nena Arinta
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh religiusitas, pengetahuan, manfaat dan modal minimum investasi terhadap minat mahasiswa dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal syariah. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Salatiga. Sedangkan untuk penentuan jumlah sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dan kemudian diperoleh sampel sabanyak 100 mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara parsial religiusitas dan manfaat berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal syariah. Sedangkan pengetahuan dan modal minimum investasi secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal syariah. Kemudian secara simultan religiusitas, pengetahuan, manfaat dan modal minimum investasi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap minat berinvestasi di pasar modal syariah.