bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale-up of the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization Using Continuous Flow Processing
Authors: Micic Nenad , Young Alan , Rosselgong Julien , Hornung Christian
Published: January 2014

A controlled radical polymerization process using the Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) approach was scaled up by a factor of 100 from a small laboratory scale of 5 mL to a preparative scale of 500 mL, using batch and continuous flow processing. The batch polymerizations were carried out in a series of different glass vessels, using either magnetic or overhead stirring, and different modes of heating: Microwave irradiation or conductive heating in an oil bath. The continuous process was conducted in a prototype tubular flow reactor, consisting of 6 mm ID stainless steel tubing, fitted with static mixers. Both reactor types were tested for polymerizations of the acid functional monomers acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid in water at 80 °C with reaction times of 30 to 40 min. By monitoring the temperature during the exothermic polymerization process, it was observed that the type and size of reactor had a significant influence on the temperature profile of the reaction.
Empirical Modelling of Vegetation Abundance from Airborne Hyperspectral Data for Upland Peatland Restoration Monitoring
Authors: Cole Beth , McMorrow Julia , Evans Martin
Published: January 2014

Peatlands are important terrestrial carbon stores. Restoration of degraded peatlands to restore ecosystem services is a major area of conservation effort. Monitoring is crucial to judge the success of this restoration. Remote sensing is a potential tool to provide landscape-scale information on the habitat condition. Using an empirical modelling approach, this paper aims to use airborne hyperspectral image data with ground vegetation survey data to model vegetation abundance for a degraded upland blanket bog in the United Kingdom (UK), which is undergoing restoration. A predictive model for vegetation abundance of Plant Functional Types (PFT) was produced using a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and applied to the whole restoration site. A sensitivity test on the relationships between spectral data and vegetation abundance at PFT and single species level confirmed that PFT was the correct scale for analysis. The PLSR modelling allows selection of variables based upon the weighted regression coefficient of the individual spectral bands, showing which bands have the most influence on the model. These results suggest that the SWIR has less value for monitoring peatland vegetation from hyperspectral images than initially predicted. RMSE values for the validation data range between 10% and 16% cover, indicating that the models can be used as an operational tool, considering the subjective nature of existing vegetation survey results. These predicted coverage images are the first quantitative landscape scale monitoring results to be produced for the site. High resolution hyperspectral mapping of PFTs has the potential to assess recovery of peatland systems at landscape scale for the first time.
A Universal Spring-Probe System for Reliable Probing of Electrochemical Lab-on-a-Chip Devices
Authors: Lee Moon-Keun , Lee Tae , Choi Ho , Shin Su , Park Jung , Lee Seok
Published: January 2014

For achieve sensitivity in lab-on-a-chip electrochemical detection, more reliable probing methods are required, especially for repeated measurements. Spring-probes are a promising candidate method which can replace needle-like probes and alligator clips that usually produce scratches on the surface of gold electrodes due to the strong physical contacts needed for electrochemical measurements. The superior reliability of amperometric measurements by a spring-probe system was compared with results by conventional probing methods. We demonstrated that a universal spring-probe system would be potentially suitable to achieve high performance in lab-on-a-chip devices using electrochemical detection.
Challenges in the Design and Fabrication of a Lab-on-a-Chip Photoacoustic Gas Sensor
Authors: Glière Alain , Rouxel Justin , Brun Mickael , Parvitte Bertrand , Zéninari Virginie , Nicoletti Sergio
Published: January 2014

The favorable downscaling behavior of photoacoustic spectroscopy has provoked in recent years a growing interest in the miniaturization of photoacoustic sensors. The individual components of the sensor, namely widely tunable quantum cascade lasers, low loss mid infrared (mid-IR) waveguides, and efficient microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones are becoming available in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible technologies. This paves the way for the joint processes of miniaturization and full integration. Recently, a prototype microsensor has been designed by the means of a specifically designed coupled optical-acoustic model. This paper discusses the new, or more intense, challenges faced if downscaling is continued. The first limitation in miniaturization is physical: the light source modulation, which matches the increasing cell acoustic resonance frequency, must be kept much slower than the collisional relaxation process. Secondly, from the acoustic modeling point of view, one faces the limit of validity of the continuum hypothesis. Namely, at some point, velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions must be used, instead of the continuous boundary conditions, which are valid at the macro-scale. Finally, on the technological side, solutions exist to realize a complete lab-on-a-chip, even if it remains a demanding integration problem.
Review on Accidents Related to Human Factors at Construction Site
Authors: Kamal Intan Shafinas Mustapa , Ahmad Ismail Nasiruddin , Ma’arof Muhammad Izzat Nor
Published: January 2014

The construction sector is among the most hazardous industry due to the working environment which exposes workers to high risk of accidents. Statistics by the Malaysian Ministry of Human Resource had shown that the number of mortality and disability cases involving construction workers were the highest among the other sectors. Most of the cases were caused by unidentified hazards around the construction sites. The literature had documented that environmental factors were responsible for most of the cases. This paper aims to highlight on the causation factors of accidents and injuries at the construction sites based on the human factor. Selected journals and research papers related with accidents at construction sites were reviewed and human error was found to be the main causation factor of accidents at construction sites. This study urges for more in depth study on the actions or interventions that could be taken to minimize the occurrence of human error in the construction site, thus, minimizing the occurrence of accidents, injuries and even mortality.
Prediction of Residual Stress Induced Distortions in Micro-Milling of Al7050 Thin Plate
Authors: Fergani Omar , Mamedov Ali , Lazoglu Ismail , Yang Jian Guo , Liang Steven Y.
Published: January 2014

In this paper, a new analytical model based on a mechanistic force prediction and elastoplastic relaxation procedure predicting the deflections induced by the residual stresses in a milled micro part is proposed. The force model defines the Hertzian type distribution applied by the tool on the part. The proposed deflection model is valid for thin rectangular parts typically produced only using a micro-milling process. The deflection and the force model were analytically developed and experimentally tested on thin Al 7050 micro plates. The force model was validated using micro dynamometer and the deflection profile was verified using the white light interferometer. The proposed model showed that it has a reasonable ability to predict the residual stress induced deflection in the context of stress gradient and intensity.
Research on Source of Infrared Light Stress with Wide View Field
Authors: Yang Dong Lin , Zeng Qing Liang
Published: January 2014

Aiming at full view field control problems of infrared thermal imager during Light stress reliability test,this paper designs a standard light source with wide view filed, makes infrared target and background achieve a quantitative and standardized output and provides an important basis for reliability test of infrared thermal imager,it is a kind of indemnification for improving the quality of thermal imager. In this paper, the background of light stress blackbody and the target of infrared target is designed to provide a standard light stress source for test, the design of parallel light pipe can provide a wide view field. Application of digital image processing technology achieves automatic monitoring during test and computer can control output on light stress background and target according to needs ,so this system is automated from image acquisition to data processing.
Design of Coal mining Roof Pressure Monitoring System Based on Labview
Authors: Wang Da Hu , Shi Yan Nan , Chen Wen Bo
Published: January 2014

In order to monitor the press of mining roof in combined face, the paper design a coal mining roof pressure monitoring system. The system includes roof pressure testing device, intelligent portable data acquisition meter and upper lever computer monitoring and processing system. Roof pressure testing device is mainly testing the pressure of mining roof and transmitting pressure data to intelligent portable data acquisition meter by infrared communication technology within the allotted time. Intelligent portable data acquisition meter can also transmit pressure data to upper lever computer monitoring and processing system for further analysis and storage. Test results indicate that the system can achieve long-term continuous monitoring to roof pressure and provide the reference frame about roof control through the analysis of the monitoring results.
Impacts of Continuously Regenerating Trap Technology on the Regulated Gas Emissions for a China-V Diesel Engine
Authors: Lou Di Ming , Zhang Shu , Cui Jian Guang
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the effects of continuously regenerating trap (CRT) after-treatment system on performance, fuel efficiency and regulated gas emissions from a turbocharged electronically controlled high pressure common rail diesel engine that meets China-V regulation have been investigated. The test results revealed that: the power and torque of diesel engine after the installation of CRT after-treatment system declines slightly, which is limited to 2%, and the rise in brake specific fuel consumption is around 2%. At the same time, the emission of CO decreased significantly by 86% to 94%, NOx also reduced slightly by 8% to 12%. However, the emission of HC dropped at part loads and rose at full load modes since the original engine emission is already quite low.
Effect of Inlet Air Heating on Start Characteristics of a Common-Rail Diesel Engine in High Altitude Environment
Authors: Chang Guo Li , Lou Di Ming , Yang Yan Qing , Zhang Xiao Tian , Lv Wen Zhi , Kan Ze Chao
Published: January 2014

Cold starting test of a high pressure common rail diesel engine was conducted on an engine test bench simulating plateau environment with high altitudes and low temperature. A comprehensive study of cold starting and idling performance was investigated under plateau ambient temperature of-35°C to-10°C and altitude ranged from 2km to 4km. Results show that, without inlet air heating, during engine starting up under different altitude at-10°C, average inlet temperature and pressure can drop slightly and idling rotating speed exhibits strong fluctuation. By heating up inlet air for 60 seconds, the inlet temperature shows statistically linear growing trend in the first 8 heating seconds, during which period averaged inlet temperature rises to 12.4°C, thus obviously lifting up intake temperature, improving engine starting up performance and reducing rotating speed fluctuation. At high altitude and cold plateau conditions, by prolonging the air heating time solely has limited effects on reducing engine starting up time or improving cold starting performance, nor can rotating speed fluctuation been effectively reduced. When ambient temperature reaches-30°C, by heating up inlet air for the same specified time interval, an average of temperature rise of 2.4°C can be obtained for altitude step increase of 1 kilometer, but cold starting up performance has not been therefore significantly improved.
A Study on Modeling of CO2 Weld Seam Forming Quality
Authors: Chen Bo , Feng Ji Cai
Published: January 2014

CO2welding technology is widely used nowadays, because the work environment is very bad, weld automation technology is urgently needed. To control the weld quality automatically, weld sensors should be first used to obtain information that could reflect the weld quality. This paper used arc and visual sensors to obtain the electrical and weld pool image of CO2weld process, and signal processing method was used to obtain the signal features of the information. Then neural network method was used to model the process, experiment results showed that the method could effectively predict the weld seam forming.
Experimental Research on Cracking Resistance of Alfalfa Seed
Authors: Zhang Xue Kun , Zhao Chun Hua
Published: January 2014

The compression properties of three varieties of alfalfa seeds, such as Medicago sativa L. cv. Gannong No.3, Medicago sativa L. Longdong and Medicago sativa L. cv. Golden Empress, are studied by extrusion experiments using SANS universal material testing machine. The results of Longdong alfalfa seed show that the fracture load has relation with shape and size of the alfalfa seeds. For both of ellipsoidal seed and arched seed, the fracture load of single seed is about 19N to 30N. The fracture load increases linearly with the thickness of plump seed with the ratio of thickness to width greater than 0.75. These inclusions for other two varieties are the same with Longdong alfalfa seed. This research could offer a technical basis of designing and developing of the alfalfa seeder and seed harvesting machine.
Design and Implementation of JSP-Based Teaching Management System
Authors: Zhang Zhong Mei
Published: January 2014

This paper focuses on the architecture, functional structure and database design of JSP-based teaching management system discusses the implementation of course notice module, and achieves full functions of teaching management system by means of website construction.
Basic Methods of Peak-Hour Traffic Generation Forecast about Urban Commercial Complex
Authors: Luo Ya Li , Zhang Chang Xin
Published: January 2014

Based on analysis of the traffic impacts characteristics of the urban commercial complex, the article proposed that single-functional project itself generated traffic volume is related to time, and conforms to the corresponding Poisson distribution function. However, the multiple-functional complex itself generated peak-hour traffic volume is not a simple sum of each single-function peak volume, but is calculated by superposing the each function respective traffic density functions. Meanwhile, the article also explored the superposition and calculation method to obtain peak-hour traffic volume during forecasting the trip generation of the urban commercial complex.
Study of Comprehensive Utilization on Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Ren Qian Qian , Hao Su Ju , Jiang Wu Feng , Zhang Yu Zhu , Zhang Wei Pan
Published: January 2014

With the increase of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag, its harm is growing. It contains high titanium content. How to make good use of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is currently a hot problem. In this paper, the conditions of comprehensive utilization on Ti-bearing blast furnace slag were described firstly. Then the features, application field and problems of extraction and non-extraction titanium from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag were introduced. The advantages, disadvantages and problems of comprehensive utilization of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag were analyzed. Finally the application prospects were forecasted.
The Effect of Lignite Catalytic Pyrolysis on Liquid Components
Authors: Zhao Gang Wei
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the experiment on Yunnan lignite pyrolysis in a fixed bed in order to study the effect of the high-value compounds (BTX,PCX, lower naphthalene ) in the liquid products with the different addition manners and catalysts. It shows that the active pyrolysis orders are Mg>Ni,Mo,Fe>Na,K>Al2O3>CaO. Different concentration of Ni, Mo impregnation solution and manners of addition can pertinency increase the high-value products and recycle the catalysts at the same time.
Effects of Nd on Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy AZ91
Authors: Jiang Hui Zhen , Li Quan An , Chen Xiao Ya , Chen Lei Lei
Published: January 2014

The effect of Nd on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ91 has been studied. The results show that the addition of 1wt.%Nd can refine the grain size, cause the formation of high melting point Al2Nd phase and reduce the amount of β-Mg17Al12 phase. and enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ91 at room temperature and 150°C.
Analyses of Electrode Tip Wear Mechanism and Restraint during Resistance Spot Welding of Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Wang Nan Nan , Qiu Ran Feng , Ma Shuai , Huang Kai , Wang Ning
Published: January 2014

Aiming at the electrode tips wear problem during resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy, the authors analyze electrode tip wear processes during resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy, and then propose the resistance spot welding with cover plates to be used to weld aluminum alloy. Since the electrode tip do not contact with aluminum alloy sheet, the electrode tip service life can be lengthened.
Arc Behavior Numerical Analysis in GMAW Welding Deposition-Based Rapid Forming
Authors: Yin Feng Liang , Zhu Sheng , Liu Hong Wei , Guo Lei
Published: January 2014

Metal fluid flow in weld pool would influence final quality of forming part in GMAW welding deposition-based rapid forming process. To numerical study fluid flow in weld pool, heat and force effects on weld pool surface must been made clear firstly. A three-dimensional numerical model has been built to study arc behavior in GMAW welding deposition-based rapid forming process. Solving the model, heat flux and pressure distributions on the cathode were derived. Calculated results show that heat flux from the arc to the cathode is related to arc temperature nearly above the cathode, and is not monotonous about radial distance within 2 mm distance away from arc axis. A maximum pressure with a value of 800 Pa happens at 1mm away from arc axis.
Finite Element Analysis and Parametric Study on the Stability of Dendritic Column
Authors: Song Xiao Guang , Mei Zuo Yun , Lv Jia
Published: January 2014

With the rapid development of the Chinese railway in recent years, the construction of so many large railway stations are needed. Because the roof and the canopy should be convenient for the passengers and goods to get through, the column spacing and span is large. In order to achieve the functional and aesthetic requirements of the railway stations, the dendritic column is developed. Dendritic structure is the building structure which is designed by the principle of zoology and undertaking force of tree among nature. It has particular appreciation and practicability. In order to determine the critical load and buckling behavior of the dendritic column from stable balance to unstable balance condition, the finite element model is established by the finite element analysis program ANSYS. And the linear overall stability, geometrical nonlinear overall stability, geometrical and material nonlinear overall stability were studied. Through changing such factors as the stiffness ratio and the height ratio between the trunk and the branch, span to height ratio of branch, etc., the authors further studied the nonlinear stability behavior of this new type structure. It is showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the Y-shape column is high. And we got the conclusion that how these three parameters influence the ultimate bearing capacity of the dendritic column. And the results can offer reference for the design of the dendritic column.
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Analysis on the Status of Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tubes Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Bing , Ma Lu , Liu Xiao
Published: January 2014

Concrete filled double skin steel tubes which is developed on the basis of concrete filled steel tube, it is a new member. Combination of Chinese and foreign literature, this paper comprehensively discusses the research results about concrete filled double skin steel tubes member, then put forward the further research work, for concrete filled double skin steel tubes structure in deeply study to play a guiding role.
Parametric Study of Cable Deflection and Gravity Stiffness of Cable-Stayed Suspension Bridge
Authors: Xia Guo Ping
Published: January 2014

The paper carries out the parameter analysis on the cable deflections and gravity stiffness of cable-stayed suspension bridge. Previous studies have given the formulas of cable deflections and gravity stiffness. According to these formulas, the three significant parameters were examined: rise-span ratio, concentrated load and the ratio of cable-stayed length to whole span. The result indicates when reasonable parameters are selected, the gravity stiffness of cable-stayed suspension bridge is improved greatly.
Study on the Stability of Baijiabao Landslide due to the Three Gorges Water Level Rise
Authors: Wei Shuang , Chen Yong , Yang Bei Bei , Luo Wen
Published: January 2014

Reservoir impoundment is induced landslide deformation and instability of the important factors, while the water level change rate on the slope stability, the influence of reservoir Banks is very important. Based on the three gorges reservoir area White House bag landslide as an example, based on saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, finite element analysis of seepage and stability calculation method, consider different library water rising rate and sliding body different permeability coefficient two factors, the simulation of the reservoir water rises sliding body underground water level and safety coefficient variation law with time. The result shows that1. The water table with respect to the changes of the water level is in a certain lag,reservoir water infiltration slope is a gradual process,it is related to the rate of rise of the water level and the permeability coefficient of sliding body. 2. The changes of the water table closely related to the stability of landslide,enhance the higher the water table,The greater the saturation area of the sliding body,he worse the stability of the landslide. 3. The whole landslide stability decreased when the water level rises,the greater the rate of rise of the water level, the greater the permeability coefficient of sliding body, the worse the stability of the landslide.
BP Neural Network Application Research in Petrochemical Tower System Corrosion Prediction
Authors: Fan Yu Guang , He Min , Lin Hong Xian , Chen Bing , Zhou San Ping
Published: January 2014

This paper takes the monitoring data sample from the top of fractionation tower system of one petrochemical company and uses prediction model which is constructed by BP neural network to study the corrosion prediction of catalytic fractionation tower top system. It uses min-max and z-score standardized method to deal with the original data and compare the impacts. The result shows that the BP neural constructing prediction model can provide basis of corrosion control for refinery. It also shows that better accuracy can be achieved by using min-max standardized method and when the number of training data quantity is over 20, the prediction result is more accurate and stable.
The Buckling Property Analysis of Corrugated Steel Webs
Authors: Yang Shi Ruo , Su Ye Dong
Published: January 2014

This paper analyzed and summarized the formulas about the calculations of the corrugated steel web plate buckling, and based on a certain bridge as the engineering background, and the author calculated the related formulas of web buckling load and made comparative analysis. The result showed that the corrugated steel web related buckling should occur at the earliest.
Regional Accessibility Analysis for Digital Urban Planning Based on GIS
Authors: Zhao Qing Liang , Kong Xian Juan , Li Jian
Published: January 2014

China has been going through urbanization, and foreign experiences show that urbanization would finally lead to integrated planning and development of region. In regional planning, traffic network is an important aspect, which affects the impact of cities. However, in traditional accessibility analysis, only traffic lines are taken into consideration, while the influence of stations is ignored. This lead to the actual problems that traffic facilities cannot play the roles designed in regional planning when they are really constructed. Therefore, firstly, two rank traffic networks system are proposed, and different traffic networks with the normalization costs are combined to analyse the accessibility of the cities. Secondly, a new accessibility analysis method to get arrival domain for a city is proposed, which take not only the traffic lines but the traffic stations into consideration. Finally, the Jing-Jin-Ji Region is taken as an instance to show the effect of the new method.
The Design of Solar Heating System for Oil Field Duty Room
Authors: Dong Zhao , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2014

Based on the natural environment of Gansu YuMen oilfield in china, aiming at the winter heating requirements for oil field duty room, using the solar heating system that make solar energy storage and auxiliary electric heating, selection of flat plate collector, tacking double working medium for heat exchange indirectly, use the antifreeze liquid as the hot working medium, use the water as the energy storage and heating medium. According to the room temperature and medium temperature, intelligent control system adjust and control the double medium circulation loop, automatic regulating the intermittent work time for auxiliary electric heating system, the problem of antifreeze and sand prevention be solved effectively in the extreme temperatures. Compared to the electric heater heating, it can realize energy saving and environmental protection, the energy saving effect more than 46%, having remarkable economic and social benefits.
Applying the Historic Urban Landscape Approach to the Conservation of Historic Cities in China
Authors: Xu Qing
Published: January 2014

This paper explores the comprehensive perspective of Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) through the evolution of cultural landscape theories as well as World Heritage cultural landscapes. It analyzes the adaptation of HUL in Chinese cultural, political and social context. In particularly, it proposes a thematic framework for the application of HUL in historic cities in China. The framework consists of three main themes and several sub-themes embracing dimensions such as perception of landscape, land-use, ways of life, spiritual or social-economic associations with landscape, and tools which can be used for identification of value. The research attempts to highlights the contribution that the HUL approach could make to the existing planning and management system for the conservation of historic cities in China.
Fatigue Crack Growth of LC9 Aluminum Alloy under Flying Loading with Corrosion Damage
Authors: Li Xu Dong , Cai Zeng Jie , Mu Zhi Tao
Published: January 2014

This paper investigates the growth behavior of fatigue cracks initiated at corrosion pits in laboratory coupons of LC9 aluminum alloy subjected to a transport aircraft loading spectrum. Corrosion pits were introduced by exposing the coupons to EXCO solution for a variety of periods to produce corrosion damage varying from mild to severe. In general, the presence of corrosion damage reduced the fatigue lives of components to a severe extent. It was found that the depth of the corrosion pit was a suitable parameter for characterizing the corrosion damage and for predicting the fatigue life of the coupons using commercial fatigue crack growth software
The Dimensional Analysis and Similar Theory of Model Tests for Explosion Resisting Capacity of Tunnels
Authors: Ma Hai Chun , Cui Ke Rui , Zha Fu Sheng
Published: January 2014

The safety of underground tunnels under explosions is of many meaningful engineering values, especially as the weapons are provided with high-precision and strong penetrability. This passage analyses the explosion resisting capacities of tunnels at different scales. The theoretical similar relationship is deduced by using the dimensional analysis and the physical dimensions are the controlling factors if the materials and other factors keep the same. And an example including two models is calculated and the results verify the validity of the similar theory.
On the Geomechnical Model Test of Testing Technology of the Fault Fracture of Surrounding Rock
Authors: Zhang Chen , Huang Hao , Wang Ning , Cheng Sui Han
Published: January 2014

Along with the fast development of transportation infrastructure construction in our country, the highway tunnel construction is increasing and tunnel construction has become an important part of the current construction. Because the tunnel has a wide span and the construction procedures are tedious, the changes of the stress of surrounding rock and supporting relationship are complex, problems easily tend to occur. With the Great Wall Mountain Tunnel as the engineering background, this artical carries out the research on characteristics of deformation and fracture of the overlying rock on the tunnel and the geomechnical model test of testing technology of the fault fracture of surrounding rock. Through comparative tests, the graphite type wire is finally chosen. This material can basically synchronize with the fault fissure of model medium, meet the test requirements and have great significance in engineering application.
A Study on Ratio Design and Construction Technology of SAC Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Yang Qian
Published: January 2014

In the process of construction, with the mixture ratio design and appropriate construction conditions of SAC asphalt concrete mixture, it can not only have dense gradation with typeIasphalt concrete which has good durability and small porosity with its skeleton dense structure, but also it can be compatible with typeIIasphalt concrete which has the ability to resist deformation and the depth of the surface structure. This paper is making an effective exploration on the construction technology and the mixing ratio design of SAC asphalt concrete with the aid of the authors construction test results of a certain highway construction.
Numerical Simulation Method for Fluid-Structure Interaction in Compressor Blades
Authors: Li Xue Feng , Huang Xiu Quan , Liu Chao
Published: January 2014

A simulation method for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in compressor blades was discussed to predict the aeroelastic stability of blades. Using the MFX, which is a Multi-Field Solver in ANSYS, the total force of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have been interpolated to computational structural dynamics (CSD) grids, and then the vibration displacements of CSD nodes have been interpolated to CFD grids at the blade surface. In CFD analysis, the grid coordinates of the moveable region have been updated by multi-layer moving grid technique, and the finite volume method has been applied to calculate the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations closed by k-E turbulent model. For NASA Rotor 67, detect the displacement response of compressor blades at the design speed , and the aeroelastic stability of blades has been analyzed preliminarily. The study shows that the FSI procedure is feasible to predict the aeroelastic stability of compressor blades.
Optimization of Transit Hub Terminals Based on Improved Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Chun Mei
Published: January 2014

In this paper, how to design the layout of transit hub terminals is discussed, and an optimized allocation model about bus lines and bus terminals is established. In order to address the slow convergence of adaptive genetic algorithm, an index that indicates population diversity degree is introduced to adjust the individual crossover and mutation rate. This improved adaptive genetic algorithm is applied for the allocation model and an example is used to validate its efficiency. Results show that it is a promising approach and can improve the convergence speed.
Modal Simulation Analysis of Gatling Barrel
Authors: Gao Ying , Bo Yu Cheng , Huo Ji Xing
Published: January 2014

In order to improve the shooting accuracy of a gatling gun, the finite element model of gun barrel was established and tested by the modal computing, thus natural frequency and modal shape of previous 5 phases were calculated when the clamping support was placed in different places of the barrel. According to the reasonable power matching principle and the result of calculation, the dynamic characteristics of the gatling gun were analyzed, the result offers a reasonable basis for improving the design of the product.
Driver's Speed Decision-Making Model Based on ANFIS
Authors: Li Lian , Yang Song , Cao Wen Jing
Published: January 2014

To simulate the driver's ability to deal with uncertainty and solve the unsmooth problem in the driving-status-transformation between free-traveling and car-following during the microscopic traffic simulation, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) was introduced to model the driver's speed decision-making behavior which integrated the free-traveling and car-following behavior. The difference between velocity and desired speed was added into the inputs of the ANFIS model besides vehicle speed, relative distance and relative velocity which commonly appeared in car-following models. In this paper, the NGSIM (Next Generation Simulation) data was used to calibrate and evaluate the model. With the analysis and pretreatment of NGSIM data, drivers reaction time was calibrated, drivers were clustered into three categories according to the level of recklessness, and the desired speed of different driver characteristic in different vehicle was approximated as the corresponding free speed. Using the processed NGSIM data, the ANFIS model was trained and the model output was validated and compared with the original data. The results showed that the ANFIS model performed well. In addition, the output of ANFIS model under car-following state was compared with that of GM model. This comparison provided a better chance to analyze the performance of the model and showed that the model simulation the driving data in a more realistic way.
Design of Photonic Crystals Waveguide Using Microfluidic Infiltration
Authors: Bougriou Faida , Boumaza Touraya , Bouchemat Mohamed
Published: January 2014

The use of photonic crystals (PCS) in biosensor applications has lead to the development of highly sensitive and selective microfluidic sensor elements. Two main advantages of these devices for sensing applications are their high sensitivity and their reduced size, which makes it possible, in one hand, to detect very small analytes without the need of markers (label-free detection), and to integrate many of these devices on a single chip to perform a multi-parameter detection on the other hand. In the present paper, we analyze the design of a highly sensitive microfluidic sensors based on 2D photonic crystal slab waveguide formed by increasing the radii of air holes localized at each side of the line defect and filling with homogenous de-ionized water (nc =1.33). The transmission spectrum of the sensor has been obtained with the use of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method and it has been observed that a 306 nm wavelength position of the lower band edge shift was observed corresponding to a sensitivity of more than 927 nm per refractive index unit (RIU). Development of microfluidic sensor designs that enhance sensitivity is especially important because it allows detection of lower concentrations of analytes.
Electromagnetic Materials Design for the Enhancement of the Microwave Power Transmission through Polymeric Slabs
Authors: Ghezzo Fabrizia , Yi Xiang , Miao Xi Geng , Zhao Zhi Ya , Liu Ruo Peng
Published: January 2014

In order to improve the energy transmission of an electromagnetic wave in microwave frequency regime propagating through a slab made of a polymeric material, we integrated conductive metamaterials particles in the polymeric medium and used an optimization method for determining the overall size and geometrical characteristics of the metamaterial element that can meet the desired energy transmission requirements. The numerical results show that to attain high transparency the effective parameters of the homogenized medium can be manipulated as required by optimizing the geometry of the metamaterial, the unit cells size and their distribution. To validate this design approach, we present the results of the experimental tests conducted on a 300 mm x 300 mm x 4 mm board with optimized metamaterials structures.
Physiological Concept: Visible Modeling for Feasible Design
Authors: Sianipar Corinthias Pamatang Morgana , Yudoko Gatot , Dowaki Kiyoshi
Published: January 2014

Conceptual design plays an important role in design stage as an initiation to interpret an abstract idea into a design concept. However, conceptual modeling in previous engineering designs provided premature detailed modeling. Such methodologies delivered almost pure quantitative techniques to do the modeling, which have made it difficult to do agile design process for specific-purposed products. Such products require unique approach for each situation. This paper proposes physiological concept modeling to overcome such phenomenon by combining process and functional modeling with qualitative interpretation. Physiological modeling incorporates derivation to transform idea into a design concept with almost no quantitative postulates. A case study on competition-based electric car is also provided to show an overview of application. The study concludes that there are seven steps required to do physiological modeling. The derivation can also bring flexibility for dynamic or continuous system by introducing cyclical & dynamic relationship between processes, including interventions from outside observed system and function of residue to accommodate side residues. By looking at previous techniques, this study brings a new light to produce design concept which is feasible but can be visibly modeled even by novice designers.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Hexaferrite Produced by Sol Gel Auto Combustion for Radar Absorber Material (RAM) Application
Authors: Widyastuti Widyastuti , Kharismawati Endah , Zainuri Mochammad , Ardhyananta Hosta
Published: January 2014

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) with hexagonal structure has been known as the high performance magnetic for Radar Absorber Material (RAM). Barium hexaferrite (BaM) was synthesized by sol gel auto combustion to get an homogeneous nanoparticle of BaM. Barium hexaferrites obtained from solution mixture between barium nitrate and ferri nitrate nonahidrat with precipitation of ion barium (Ba2 +) and ferri (Fe3 +) by solution of sodium hydroxide. Sample prepared with mol ratio of Fe / Ba 11 then added ammoniac in order that pH varies become 7,5; 9; and 11. Citric acid added in order that happen process of combustion. The stirring time was varieties by 1, 2, 3 hours. The effect of pH, stirring time, microstructure, phase,and magnetic properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the highest coercivity was 0.6 Tesla and the smallest crystal size 414.409 nm was obtained for pH 7.5 and stirring time 2 hours. The largest magnetic saturation 55.54 emu /g was reached for pH 7.5 with stirring time 1 hour
The Influence of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and Solution pH on Carbon Fiber Dispersion in White Cement Matrix
Authors: Akbar Ari Yustisia , Lestari Yulinda , Ramadhan Gilang , Candra Septian Adi , Sugiarti Eni
Published: January 2014

Dispersion of carbon fiber in cement matrix is one of main challenges for fabricating carbon fiber reinforced cement based materials. In this study, the dispersion of carbon fiber was improved by pre-dispersion of carbon fiber in basic aqueous solution using different concentrations of CMC. The relationships of CMC concentration and pH solution toward carbon fiber dispersion in aqueous solution was evaluated by UVvis spectroscopy. In order to understand how carbon fiber is dispersed in cement matrix, morphology fiber carbon reinforced composite was examined. Experimental results show that aqueous solution of CMC is effective to disperse carbon fiber. In addition, dispersion of carbon fiber increases with increasing of pH of CMC solution.
Optimization of Chemical Environment Condition towards Corrosion Rate of Sulfuric Acid Resistant Alloy Metal (Saramet) Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wahyudi Slamet , Gapsari Femiana , Awali Husni
Published: January 2014

This study investigates the variation of sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, and time towards the corrosion rate of saramet using response surfacemethod. Method used in this study is true experimental research. Sarametis material which is included into type of austenitic stainless steel which contains high amount of silicon. Starting at these past 2 years, the material has been widely used.This research used weight loss method. It has been found that minimum corrosion rate is achieved at concentration combination of 89.49% in 3.682 hoursandat temperature of 106,8 °C. From the variation combination, it is seen that the low concentration will decrease ion mobility corrossive ion from saramet.The long period of exposure supports the forming of passive layer which prevent the corrosive ions gets into the steel surface. As a result, corrosion rate decreases. At high temperature, steel which has high silicon content will be stable in terms of its atomic bound which therefore makes it posses high corrosion resistance.
Laser Texturing, Spark Erosion and Sanding of the Surfaces and their Practical Applications in Heat Exchange Devices
Authors: Piasecka Magdalena
Published: January 2014

The paper describes selected passive methods of modifying properties and structures of metal surfaces. The following surface processes with thermal treatment have been used: laser surface texturing, electromachining (spark erosion) and mechanical process sand blasting. Practical aspects of the use of produced surfaces in two types of heat transfer devices have been underlined. The first one consists of the heat exchanger with a minichannel furnished with enhanced heating surface. The second one includes prototype solar collectors with the developed surface of the absorbers pipes or smooth pipes covered with developed absorber plate. Modified developed metal surfaces obtained by selected passive methods reach more effective heat transfer in comparison with smooth surfaces.
Application of Fictitious Radius to Fatigue Life Calculations of Bending Notched Specimens
Authors: Krzyżak Daniel , Robak Grzegorz , Łagoda Tadeusz
Published: January 2014

The paper contains an application of Neuber's fictitious radius methods to fatigue life calculations for elements with geometrical notches. FEM analysis for notched specimen with fictitious radius were performed, then results of simulations and experimental tests for smooth and notched specimens made of S355J2G1W structural steel were compared by each other. Based on simulation results, function dependence of micro structural length was determined, both for linear-elastic and elasto-plastic calculation.
Energy Fatigue Characteristic of C45 Steel Subjected to Cyclic Bending
Authors: Marcisz Ewa , Marciniak Zbigniew , Rozumek Dariusz , Macha Ewald
Published: January 2014

The paper contains the results of fatigue tests under cyclic bending of C45 steel with amplitude of energy parameter control. The tests were performed on the smooth specimens. Based on these tests, energy fatigue characteristic of the tested material was elaborated.
Master Curve of High-Strength Ferritic Steel S960-QC
Authors: Neimitz Andrzej , Dzioba Ihor , Pala Tadeusz
Published: January 2014

In the paper, the master curve for the high-strength steel S960-QC is derived. It turns out that the mathematical form of the classical master curve can be preserved. However, some coefficients must be changed. The new formula does not contain the influence of the specimen thickness on fracture toughness. The explanation of this observation is proposed.
Analysis of CDM Model in the Scope of Low-Cycle Fatigue Life Estimation
Authors: Burak Michał , Skibicki Dariusz , Stopel Michał
Published: January 2014

The article presents calculations of fatigue life acc. to CDM model performed analytically and in program LS-DYNA with the model implemented there. On the basis of comparison of the obtained results with experimental fatigue lives, the possibility of estimation of fatigue life in LS-DYNA program acc. to CDM model was evaluated.
Interlaminar Mode II Toughness of Unidirectional CF-Epoxy Laminates Made of out of Autoclave Prepregs
Authors: Czajkowska Kamila , Czarnocki Piotr , Lorenc Zbigniew
Published: January 2014

Fatigue delamination of CF unidirectional laminates made of low temperature and vacuum bag cured prepreg, (out of autoclave-OOA), with MTM46 epoxy system was investigated under Mode II loading condition and the coefficients of the corresponding Paris equations were determined. The tests were carried out with the use of ENF beam specimens under displacement controlled conditions and at room temperature with the frequency, f=5Hz, and cycle parameter R=0.1. The crack length, a, was calculate based on the specimen compliance changes. For each specimen, for the entire range of load cycles, i.e. 1 nnmax, the a (n) relationship was approximated with the help of a single sigmoidal function and then the da/dn (n) relationship was determined. In addition, for the comparison purpose the 7-point approximation procedure recommended by ASTM E647 for the same purpose was applied. The differences in results produced by both the data reduction variants were presented for important variants stages and discussed.
Test Stand and Method for Determination of the Usefulness of the Magnetorheological Composites in Active Suspension Systems
Authors: Bocian Miroslaw , Kaleta Jerzy , Lewandowski Daniel , Przybylski Michał
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The paper presents test stand designed for testing magnetorheological composites (MRC) under dynamic loading, together with the method for obtaining damping characteristics of the tested material. The test stand is based on Single-Degree-Of-Freedom system excited with use of modal hammer. The MRC is stimulated with use of double circular dipolar Halbach array based on neodymium magnets. The analysis of the experimental results is performed with use of the half-power method and the circle-fit method. results presented in the paper show usefulness of the test stand and of the method for obtaining damping parameters of the MRC. The results present change in the damping character of the material under variable magnetic field.
Does Youth Net Decrease Mental Illness Stigma in High School Students?
Authors: O'Mara Linda , Akhtar-Danesh Noori , Browne Gina , Mueller Daina , Grypstra Lorraine , Vrkljan Cheryl , Powell Malcolm
Published: January 2014

This study examined whether stigma toward mental illness decreased for youth after participating in focus groups in a school-based mental health promotion program called Youth Net (YN FGs). A total of 294 students from 6 high schools participated in a randomized controlled trial, completing questionnaires that measured stigma and depression. Stigma decreased for participants in the intervention group in low-need schools only. Study findings suggest continuing with YN FGs in low-need schools and working collaboratively with community partners to provide evidence of the effectiveness of mental health promotion with youth.