bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of using indexes method in the comprehensive assessment of the genetic collection in the winter hexaploid triticale
Authors: Bekish Lyubov , Uspenskaya Valentina , Chashin Denis , Chikida Nadezhda
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the comparative assessment results of 53 collection samples of winter hexaploid triticale of various ecological and geographical origin using traditional statistical methods and methods of complex indices (Jk), perspectivity indices (Jp), ecological plasticity (Jsp), Finno-Scandinavian (FSJ), Mexican (Mi), and adaptive potential. By the traditional statistical method, high-yield varieties with high values of individual elements of plant productivity were identified: (k-3717) Kaskad, (k-4071) Ramzay, (k-3969) Trizub, (k-3924) Popsuevskaya, (k-3900) Prometey, (k-4095) Shalanda, (k-4097) Buket. The following varieties were identified by the method of complex indices: (k-3909) Topaz, (k-3717) Kaskad, (k-3931) Skif, (k-4071) Ramzay, (k-3969) Trizub, (k-4074) Valentin-90, (k-4078) Bordo, (k-3924), Popsuevskaya, (k-3968) Interes, (k-3901) Mars, (k-3900) Prometey, (k-4003) Disko, (k-3999) Anvo, (k-3701) Fidelio, (k-4095) Shalanda, (k-4097) Buket. According to the indices’ complex that determine the prospects of the variety, the grain-forming ability of its ear, resistance to lodging, high adaptive potential, the following varieties were identified: (k-3909) Topaz, (k-3717) Kaskad, (k-4020) Zavet, (k-3932) Skolot, (k-4071) Ramzay, (k-4074) Valentin-90, (k-4076) Knyaz, (k-3924), Popsuevskaya, (k-3968) Interes, (k-3966) Ajax, (3965) Pshenichne, (k-3900) Prometey, (k-4003) Disko, (k-4005) Korvetta, (k-3999) Anvo, (k-3701) Fidelio, (k-4095) Shalanda, (k-4097) Buket, (k-3562) Antey, (k-3582) Patriot. The study results allow to speak about the usage efficiency of the indices method for a comprehensive winter triticale assessment.
Eco-friendly plant growth and development regulators on the basis of derivatives 1,2,4-triazines
Authors: Builova E.A. , Mazitova A.K. , Aminova G.K. , Zaripov I.I. , Alibakova A.H.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the application of plant growth and development regulators, in particular, derivatives of asymmetric triazines. A method for obtaining hexahydro-1,2,4-triazinone-3 is given. Optimal conditions for the reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with semicarbazide are determined: reaction time, process temperature, and the effect of solvents on the yield of the target product. The results of laboratory and vegetation tests of 1,2,4-triazinone-3 for biological activity are presented. Laboratory studies were carried out on seeds of wheat, cucumbers, radish and vetch, which were laid out in Petri dishes and poured with a working solution, the concentration of the drug is 1, 10 mg/l. Two days later, the length and weight of etiolated seedlings were determined. Vegetation tests were carried out on seeds of barley, wheat and rye with a concentration of 10 mg/l. After two weeks, the length and weight of the plants were measured.
Accumulation of pigments in wheat leaves under influence of macronutrients
Authors: Lyskova Irina V. , Lyskova Tatiana V. , Lisitsyn Eugene M.
Published: October 2021

On natural acidic soil, statistically significant relationships between wheat yield and pigment content in leaves were established (for Chl a r = 0.910…0,949; Chl b = 0.925…0,967; for carotenoids in 2017 = 0.887;). Nitrogen fertilizer promoted an increase in pigment content in leaves (Chl a and Chl b - by 38…43%, carotenoids - by 16…22%). At phosphorus application, the content of chlorophylls increased by 44…83%, carotenoids - by 20…37%. The content of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer of natural acidic soil is statistically significantly associated with the content of Chl b (r = 0.738 and 0.793 for 2017 and 2020, respectively) and the part of pigments included in light-harvesting complexes (r = 0.799 and 0.829, respectively). In 2020, statistically significant associations of mobile phosphorus content in soil and weight ratios of Chl a / Chl b (r = -0.815) and (Chl a + Chl b) / carotenoids (r = 0.840) were noted. Soil liming reduced the influence of phosphorus on the pigment complex of leaves: against a natural background, the increase in Chl content was 27…40%, against a limed background – 27…29%; for Chl b - on the contrary, liming increased its content by 93…108%, while on a natural background - only by 63…84%. On both soil backgrounds, the addition of phosphorus reduced the carotenoid content in wheat leaves (on a natural background - by 7…9%, on limed - by 17…23%).
Dynamics of agrochemical properties of gray forest soil of the Western Siberia’s sub-boreal zone affected by a long-term agricultural exploitation
Authors: Eremin D.I. , Renev E.P.
Published: October 2021

We studied the changes in the agrochemical properties of the gray forest soil in the territory of Western Siberia’s sub-boreal zone affected by the long-term use of the organomineral fertilizers in the grain-follow-row crop rotation and in its absence. We used virgin areas of gray forest soil situated in the immediate proximity to the fields as a control. The anthropogenic changes of morphological features throughout the gray forest soil profile were identified based on the use of fixed permanent plots laid down in 1960. This paper describes the dynamics of the actual, exchange, and hydrolytic acidity as well as the amount of absorbed bases, together with the base exchange capacity and the degree of base saturation. The study of arable gray forest soil for the period 1960-2020 was performed. This provided an opportunity to identify the causes of its chemical degradation in the sub-boreal zone of the Trans-Urals under the conditions of a plant residue shortage. The systematic use of mineral fertilizers affects the base exchange capacity and triggers an increase in the arable layer’s acidity. The use of an organic fertilizer system stabilizes the chemical properties of gray forest soil.
The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia
Authors: Eremina D.V.
Published: October 2021

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.
Fertilizer circulation and nitrogen balance in the agrophytocenosis of sugar beet when acidizing typical chernozem (study with15n)
Authors: Avilov A.S. , Shmyreva N.Ya. , Zavalin A.A. , Sokolov O.A.
Published: October 2021

The studies were carried out under the conditions of a microfield experiment on typical chernozem (Belgorod region) with two soils (pH 5.0 and 6.5) with the addition of urea (enriched in15N, 17.1 at. %) And effluents from a pig-breeding complex (PSC) at doses of 6 and 12 g N/m2(against the background of phosphate and potash fertilizers, P6K6). The largest amount of nitrogen was consumed by sugar beets with the combined introduction of CCA and urea (25.8 g N/m2). When the soil was acidified to pHsalt 5.0, the consumption of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers decreased by 15-18%, soil ni-trogen – by 21-52%, and waste nitrogen – by 16%. At the same time, the immobilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreased by 13-18%, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds increased by 47-108%. The effluent from the pig-breeding complex increased the immobilization of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers (by 38-46%) and reduced gaseous nitrogen losses (by 22-44%). The highest stability and productivity (root crop yield 1654 g/m2, tops yield 239 g/m2) was exhibited by agrophytocenosis on soil with pH 6.5 with the combined application of CCA and urea. When the soil solution was acid-ified to pH 5.0, the yield of beet root crops decreased by 30% and the yield of tops – by 24%. On soil with pH 5.0, fertilizers increased the sugar content in root crops by 0.2-1.3%, on soil with pH 6.5, they decreased by 1.3-2.0%.
Influence of cultivation conditions on IAA - producing activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from morning-glory (IPOMOEA PES-CAPRAE(L.) R.Br.)
Authors: Van Zhang Nguyen , Thi Thu Nguyen , Thi Linh Vu , Pylnev V.V. , Popchenko M.I.
Published: October 2021

This work presents the experimental study results of the influence of the culture medium on the ability to IAA synthesis of three endophytic strains TH10R, TH11T, and TH13T from roots of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Three investigated strains give the highest IAA concentration after 96 h of cultivation. A significant increase in IAA biosynthesis was obtained by cultivating the TH10R strain in a medium containing lactose or starch as a carbon source and NH4Cl or KNO3 as a nitrogen source. The TH11T strain produces the maximum amount of IAA, using glucose or xylose and KNO3 or NH4NO3 as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Sucrose is a suitable carbon source for the TH13T strain; on a sucrose-containing medium, the TH13T strain produces the highest IAA amount. The most active strain is TH10R, identified as Bacillus mycoides and named Bacillus mycoides TH10R.
Efficiency of probiotic supplements in the dynamics of economically useful indicators of honey-bee colonies
Authors: Lyubimov A.I. , Vorobieva S.L. , Tronina A.S. , Yudin V.M.
Published: October 2021

In the modern world, the problem of honey-bee colonies’ death is acute. An intensive search is underway for environmentally friendly preparations that could stimulate the bees’ resistance to various diseases, as well as have a beneficial effect on the body, thereby contributing to an increase in honey productivity. Preparations based on live probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis genus are currently becoming increasingly popular. The use of probiotics in beekeeping allows to destroy pathogenic microflora, strengthen immunity and activate the body’s metabolic processes. The aim of the study was to determine the influence efficiency of probiotic preparations complex ApiVrach, SpasiPchel, Pche-loNormoSil during the period of spring development on the economically useful traits of honey-bee colonies. Studies have found that when probiotics are added to sugar syrup in the spring, the brood growth of bee colonies and their honey productivity are activated. The flight activity of bees when feeding with probiotic preparations increased by 43.6% from the control group. When assessing the dynamics of the bee colony’s strength, it was found that the usage of “ApiVrach” + “PcheloNormoSil” combination allows increasing the amount of sealed brood by 4 times, and the strength of the bee colony - by 1.5 times. Also, this combination of preparations made it possible to obtain the largest amount of total honey yield by 19.2% more than the control group, by 3.0% more than the group that received the ApiVrach + SpasiPchel complex and by 1.1% more than when using ApiVrach.
Calpastatin (CAST) Gene Polymorphism in Tsigai and Merinoland Sheep Breeds Under Conditions of the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Uppe Veronika , Kuevda Tatiana , Zubochenko Denis , Usmanova Elena , Ostapchuk Pavel
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the Calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism in Tsigai (n = 23) and Merinoland sheep breed (n = 13). The purpose of the research. The possibility of using PCR-RFLP analysis to detect the Calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism in Tsigai and Merinoland sheep was the primary objective of this ongoing study. Research methods. Calpastatin (CAST) gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis using the MspI endonuclease restriction. Results. We revealed the diversity of genotypes and allelic variants of the Calpastatin (CAST) gene in Tsigai and Merinoland Breeds. It was found that M allele of the Calpastatin locus is the most common. Frequencies of MM, MN and NN genotypes were found to be 74, 4 and 22 % in Tsigai breed. Among the representatives of Merinoland sheep, the frequencies of MM and MN genotypes were 92 % and 8%, respectively. No animals with NN genotypes were found.
Therapeutic efficacy of a complex drug based on interferons for Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in piglets
Authors: Shabunin Sergey , Shakhov Aleksey , Sashnina Larisa , Vladimirova Yuliya , Kopytina Kristina
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the therapeutic efficacy of the complex drug tsipropig based on recombinant porcine interferons for Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia of piglets at an industrial pig-breeding complex and its effect on nonspecific immunity. It has been found that the drug has pronounced therapeutic properties and an immunomodulatory effect due to the presence of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the composition of tsipropig, the immunocorrective activity of its constituent recombinant porcine interferons alpha and gamma and vitamins E and A possessing antioxidant properties.
Mass fraction of fat, protein, and their ratio in Simmental breed cows’ milk
Authors: Gubanov Mikhail , Chasovshchikova Marina
Published: October 2021

An important role in ensuring the taste and nutritional properties of milk belongs to its chemical composition, particularly the content of fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Numerous studies have confirmed the hypothesis of a close relationship between the proportion of milk fat and milk protein, which ideal ration is 1.1: 1.0 - 1.5: 1.0. It is this ratio that not only ensures the harmonious taste of the product but is also an indicator of a complete balanced feeding of animals. The studies were carried out in January - March 2021 at the breeding plant of the Simmental breed in the Tyumen region. The chemical composition of milk was determined in the laboratory for selection control of milk quality of the FSBEI of Higher Education “SAU of the Northern Trans-Urals”. The ratio between the mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein on average for the first three months of 2021 can be considered stable. In the milk of 20.0 - 27.8% of cows, there was a shift in equilibrium towards a decrease in butterfat content between the mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein, in turn, an increase in butterfat content relative to protein was noted in milk of 2.1 - 3.0% of cows. Equilibrium shift between butterfat and protein over 1.5: 1.0 suggests the risk of ketosis in the herd. In this regard, we recommend carrying out additional diagnostics on the content of ketone bodies in the blood and urine of cows during the milking period to confirm the presumptive diagnosis.
The effect of the Ketostop-EL feed supplement on the clinical and metabolic status of lactating cows
Authors: Nikulina N.B. , Baidak E.V.
Published: October 2021

A study was conducted on dairy cows aged 3-6 lactation, which were additionally fed with the Ketostop-El supplement at the rate of 300 g per head for 4 weeks after calving. The use of the feed supplement for 14 days led to a decrease in the number of monocytes, total protein, glucose, creatinine, total calcium and the activity of ALT and AST compared to their level before the use of Ketostop-El. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of urine and increase in the average daily milk yield were noted. The use of the supplement for 28 days contributed to a decrease in hematocrit, the sorption capacity of red blood cells, total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, total calcium, reserve alkalinity, ALT and AST activity and an increase in the number of basophils, eosinophils, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus compared to the initial data. At the same time, a decrease in the level of protein and ketones in the urine was observed. An increase in the average daily milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk was also recorded. The feed supplement "Ketostop-El" has a positive effect on the body of dairy cows, as evidenced by the normalization of the clinical and metabolic status, as well as an increase in the dairy productivity of animals.
Efficiency of breeding value genomic assessment of Holstein stud bulls in comparison with the assessment of the offspring quality
Authors: Isupova Yulia , Kuznetsova Maria , Gimazitdinova Ekaterina , Martynova Ekaterina
Published: October 2021

A comparative analysis of the genomic assessment results of Holstein breed stud bulls and their assessment on the offspring quality in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic was carried out. To analyze the efficiency of using stud bulls assessed by different methods, data from farms included in the ranking of the top 20 enterprises in terms of milk yield per cow for 2019-2020 were used. A high indicator of the complex LPI index (over 2500) was obtained in three bulls at the beginning of the assessment, by the end of the assessment there were two bulls left - J. Koln-M 11087837 and Super 64131037. The outsiders of the LPI ranking were stud bulls Parlament 52800347 and Patrik 51660096. The indicators of the complex LPI index are at a decent level for all analyzed stud bulls. It should be noted that stud bulls, which had the least change in the LPI index from April 1, 2014 to December 1, 2017, performed well. Bulls, which initially had overestimated results on this indicator, subsequently gave a sharp decline in the LPI index. The value of milk productivity of the evaluated stud bulls' daughters ranged from 5930 to 6415 kg, the mass fraction of fat in milk - from 3.79 to 4.02%, protein - from 3.06 to 3.11%. In most cases, the genomic assessment does not accurately reflect the change in the productive quality of stud bulls' daughters. But in the case of a predicted change to a positive or negative side in the genome, it is also confirmed by the results of assessing the offspring quality, that is, if a bull is predicted to have a sharp decrease in milk yield, then negative indicators are observed according to the “daughter-peer” method.
Analysis of climate variables and strategies for adapting agriculture to climate change in the Northern Trans-Urals
Authors: Petrov Sergei , Mamaeva Natali , Narushko Maksim
Published: October 2021

Today, humanity is faced with the problem of a changing planetary climate. At the same time, there is no common point of view on the main causes and trends of the dynamics of the modern climate, its consequences for individual components of the natural environment, as well as on the optimization of land use in Siberia. The paper examines the influence of the relative humidity of the air on the yield and gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops. It was revealed that the climate becomes more favorable for the cultivation of grain and leguminous crops in the Northern Trans-Urals, thus, from the zone of risky farming, the region can move to a more favorable area for active economic use of the agricultural landscape. This dictates the need to take measures aimed at adapting agriculture to new conditions and focused on environmentally friendly land use technologies.
Structural changes in the meat market
Authors: Lupenko Yu.O. , Kopytets N.Hr. , Voloshyn V.M.
Published: October 2021

In the article it was determined that significant changes have taken place in the meat market of Ukraine as a result of the reformation processes in the country and in the agricultural sector. The dynamics of meat production in general and by main types were analyzed. The comprehensive analysis of the balances of beef, pork and poultry meat has been carried out. Meat producers are increasing their production volumes with a decline in certain branches of animal husbandry, and, accordingly, the structure of production is changing. The share of pork meat and beef meat decreased significantly, while the share of poultry meat production increased. The structure of the meat market was considered and the features of its functioning were revealed. It has been determined that the poultry meat market is competitive and efficient among other meat markets. The poultry industry has consistently maintained positive production dynamics over the past years. The pork market is fluctuating due to outbreaks of African swine fever and competition from the poultry market. The beef market is at a loss. It was argued that an increase in the poultry population, production volumes and the share of poultry meat in the structure of the meat market is a modern global trend. This was justified by affordability, cultural aspects, increased attention to the environment and personal health. Further development of the meat market depends on the prioritization of development and mechanisms of state support.
Development of export-oriented agriculture in Russia in the context of a pandemic
Authors: Pozubenkova E.I. , Shpagina I.E. , Lavrina O.V. , Guryanova N.M.
Published: October 2021

Given the turbulence of the external and internal environment caused by the coronavirus pandemic, the agro-industrial complex is one of the few sectors that continued to show growth during the crisis of the global and Russian economies. Factors of the stability of the agro-indus-trial complex development were not only active state support, introduction of innovations, use of import substitution programs, but the fact that the sector did not stop working during the Covid19 pandemic. This has had an impact on the change in the Russian foreign trade system in terms of the geography of supplies, their volumes, and the commodity structure. The agricultural sector has become export-oriented and, in the sales structure, the traditional group of leaders, which include various types of raw materials for energetics, has given way to the sale of agricultural products. The article analyzes statistical information on foreign trade in agricultural products, concludes about the impact on the agricultural trade balance of the corona-virus pandemic, the ruble devaluation, changes in consumer demand and gap in international supply logistics due to restrictions on movement be-tween countries.
The mathematical modeling of the process of hardening treatment of titanium blades of steam turbines
Authors: Filonovich Alexander , Vornacheva Irina , Chuichenko Artem , Bolotnikov Evgeny
Published: October 2021

Mathematical models of the surface hardening of VT20 and OT4 titanium alloys by electrospark alloying have been developed. These models can be used in the design of technological processes for the manufacture of titanium blades for steam turbines.
Peculiarities of quasicrystalline films formation processes on crystal surface under irradiation with proton-ion flows
Authors: Melnikov Gennady , Ignatenko Nikolay , Petrova Lyudmila , Suchilkin Vadim , Gromkov Andrey
Published: October 2021

Quasicrystalline film with densest package of atoms can be formed on a crystal surface under irradiating crystal surface with protonion flows at a certain ratio of atoms diameters of irradiated crystal and the ions of irradiating flow. Atom-free area of 1 Å order is formed. These are traps for protons from the irradiation stream, thus a quantum dot appears. Atomic package of quasicrystalline film is a package of equilateral Penrose rhombs and there are centers of atoms mass at the vertices. A mathematical relation is obtained that allows predicting radii of irradiation flux ions to form quasicrystalline film and select atomic composition of the obtained film with predetermined properties. Nanostructuring of materials is an entire family of physicochemical processes associated with proton transfer and their localization in crystal lattice and these include ion exchange, diffusion, and ion implantation. Ion and proton exchange can be considered an established universal method of surface modification technology [24– 26]. The case of implantation of protons into the structure of cluster systems formed on the surface of crystals is described in this paper. In this case, a quantum dot is formed in the cluster structure, which is a potential hole with quantized proton motion, wherein the radiation of quantum dot is in IR area of electromagnetic spectrum.
Modeling of the PG-CP4 coating hardness applied to H12M steel and subjected to laser treatment
Authors: Morozov Valentin , Gusev Vladimir , Morozov Alexey , Gavrilov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

The article considers the influence of the radiation power W, the longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam and the distance L from the protective glass of the laser focusing head to the workpiece on the PG-CP4 coating hardness which was applied to H12M steel by plasma and then subjected to laser treatment. A multi-factor model is established that relates the PG-CP4 coating hardness to the input process factors and allows you to quickly assign a laser treatment mode and to control it in order to improve the quality of the processed surface layer. Increasing W, Spr and L leads to a increase in the HV parameter. The longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam has the greatest effect on the surface layer hardness, then followed the distance L and radiation power W. The research results are relevant for manufacturing enterprises that implement laser processing processes of materials and design organizations that develop modern laser equipment.
Long-length tubular Electrode-Tools from Composite Material for Electrical Discharge Machining of Hard Alloys
Authors: Shalunov Evgeny , Smirnov Valentin , Plotnikov Vladimir , Vladimirova Yulia
Published: October 2021

The article deals with long-length tubular electrode-tools made of the engineered composite [(WC+3wt%Co)+3wt%BN)]+14wt%Cu, which, during electrical discharge piercing of holes in a hard alloy WC+6wt%Co (ISO 513:2012) in the optimal mode, have a productivity that is almost 8 times higher than the productivity of the process, when it is performed using copper electrode-tools. Therewith, electrical discharge wear of the electrode-tools made of the new material is 4.1 ... 4.5 times less than the wear of the copper electrode-tools. To obtain hollow electrodetools from the specified material, the powder composition was radially molded by the pressure of a impulsed magnet field, and the resulting porous blank was impregnated with copper during its further sintering.
Évaluation des conditions techniques et des mesures de radioprotection lors de la réalisation des radiographies thoraciques pédiatriques au Togo
Authors: Adambounou K. , N’timon B. , Kouamé-Koutouan A. , Sedo K. , Adigo A.M.Y. , Kluyibo K. , Ouedraogo P.A. , Adjenou K.
Published: October 2021

Cette étude avait pour objectif général d’évaluer les conditions techniques et la mise en œuvre des mesures de radioprotection lors de la réalisation des radiographies du thorax de l’enfant au Togo. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive menée en 8 mois (mars–octobre 2019), sur les pratiques de réalisation des radiographies du thorax chez l’enfant de 0 à 15 ans, dans treize hôpitaux des 6 régions sanitaires du pays. Les paramètres d’acquisition (kV, mAs, DFP), le type de détecteur utilisé, l’incidence réalisée, la reprise des examens, l’utilisation d’équipement individuel de radioprotection, et les moyens de contention étaient analysés. Notre échantillon s’élevait à 390 enfants avec un sexe ratio de 1,2. Les tensions variaient de 44 à 125 kV et les charges de 0,12 à 20 mAs. Les détecteurs numériques (52,56 %) étaient plus utilisés que les analogiques. L’incidence antéro-postérieure (77,68 %) prévalait sur la postéro-antérieure (22,32 %). Le taux de reprise des examens était de 8,97 %. Les équipements de radioprotection individuelle étaient rares dans les 13 services investigués et donc très peu utilisés (5,64 %). Aucun de ces services de radiologie ne disposait du matériel de contention spécifique radiopédiatrique. La majorité (68,46 %) des enfants et surtout ceux âgés de 0 à 5 ans étaient immobilisés par leurs parents rarement vêtus de tablier plombé. En définitive, les conditions techniques de réalisation des radiographies du thorax de l’enfant et le niveau de mise en œuvre des mesures de radioprotection étaient globalement peu satisfaisants notamment par pénurie de matériels de radioprotection individuelle pour les enfants et leurs accompagnants.
Der Mut zur Zerbrechlichkeit: Wie man dem Trauma der
Pandemie begegnet und mit einer ungewissen Zeit lebt (Teil 2)
Authors: Castigliego Giuliano
Published: October 2021

Im zweiten Teil meines Textes lege ich
den Fokus auf den mehrstufigen Trauerprozess, welcher uns erlaubt, den durch die
Pandemie verursachten Verlust der Normalität und der Sicherheit
erfolgreich zu verarbeiten. In Begleitung verschiedener literarischen Figuren
werde ich analysieren, was passieren kann, wenn eine dieser Phasen (Leugnen,
Zorn, Verhandeln, Leid, Annahme) nicht gelingt. Schliesslich lege ich dar, wie
der Wiederaufbauprozess gefördert werden kann und welche Konzepte uns
helfen, um unser schwieriges Zusammenleben mit der Unsicherheit zu gestalten.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance Force in Three Types of Primary Molar Crowns: Milled by CAD\CAM, 3D Dental Printed, and Composite Celluloid Crowns
Authors: Al-Halabi Mohammed Nour , Bshara Nada , Comisi John C. , Nassar Jihad Abou
Published: October 2021

Objective This study compares three types of esthetic crowns in fracture resistance force (FRF) and failure type: (1) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) milled by computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD\CAM), (2) resin-based material via three-dimensional (3D) dental printer, and (3) direct composite celluloid crowns technique in primary molars.

Material and Methods Thirty lower second primary molar were randomized into three experimental groups consisting of ten molars for each: group A:CAD\CAM crowns using PMMA blocks; group B: 3D dental printer to fabricate crowns using glycidyl carbamate photopolymer resin; group C: Selected teeth crowned using direct resin composite celluloid crowns. The three groups (A, B, and C) were stored in water at 37°C for 30 days. The FRFs for the experimental crowned teeth were measured using a universal test machine (Testometric) until fracture and the values compared with the mean maximum bite force of children in the primary dentition. FRFs and failure types were recorded and statistically analyzed.

Results One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the groups in FRF testing. Bonferroni test was used for multiple-correction comparison in comparing force needed to fracture the specimens in the three groups. A significant difference was noticed between groups B-C (p = 0.000) and groups A-C (p = 0.000). No significant statistical differences were noted between groups A-B (p = 0.325) in FRF scores. In failure type, no statistical differences were noted when comparing groups, A and B, groups B and C, but comparing groups A and C showed statistical differences in chi-square statistical test.

Conclusion The three tested esthetic crowns exceeded the mean maximum bite force of children in the primary dentition; thus, they can be expected to perform well clinically. Even though using an indirect technique (CAD\CAM milling and 3D printer) showed a higher score in FRF, direct composite celluloid crowns technique can be beneficial since it is easier to repair and still is a useful modality.
A Novel Acellular Dermal Scaffold Prepared Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Energy for the Repair of Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Abdul-Monem Mohamed M. , Helal Mohamed H. , Aboushelib Moustafa N.
Published: October 2021

Objective To evaluate a naturally derived acellular dermal scaffold for soft tissue reconstruction using high-intensity focused ultrasound energy (HIFU).

Materials and Methods Acellular dermal scaffolds (ADSs) were prepared by purification of bovine skin. Half of the scaffolds were subjected to high-intensity focused ultrasound energy (HIFU) to modify collagen structure, whereas the other half was used as control. A large skin defect was made in the dorsum of white mice, and the scaffolds were used to cover the induced defects. Wound healing was evaluated histologically after 2, 6, and 12 weeks using common and specific stained sections (n = 20).

Statistical Analysis Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis (α= 0.05; n = 20).

Results After 2 weeks, all examined specimens revealed the presence of inflammatory cellular infiltration and early immature blood vessel formation. After 6 weeks, inflammatory cellular infiltration was reduced, with evidence of maturation of new blood vessels observed for all groups. After 12 weeks, there was a significant increase (F = 124, p < 0.01) in new collagen formation and count of mature blood vessels observed for the HIFU group compared with control. Evidence of remodeling of new collagen fibers and biodegradation of the grafts was also observed.

Conclusions HIFU-modified ADSs enhanced wound healing and could be used to cover large soft tissue defects.
Assessing Insights and Practices among Graduates to Signify the Need for Dental Ergonomics within the Dental Curriculum: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sarfaraz Shaur , Gore Mohsina Hamid , Askari Marium Abbas , Imran Shayan , Khurshid Zohaib , Adnan Samira
Published: October 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of ergonomics among dental graduates in Karachi.

Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine from December 2019 to April 2020. The study was performed among 174 dental graduates (house officers) in Karachi, using a modified, validated, closed-ended questionnaire. For statistical analysis, SPSS software (version 21) was used for descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequencies. The tests applied were independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation to compare and check the correlation between the variables. The p-value used was ≤ 0.05.

Results Among 200 dental graduates, only 174 responses were analyzed in SPSS version 21. Females (78.2%) were more in number than males (21.8%), with most of them aged >23 years (59.1%). Of the study population, 78.7% graduates worked 4 to 6 hours per day, and more than half of the graduates (58%) did not do physical exercise outside work. Furthermore, we found that the majority of responders had a fair knowledge of ergonomic principles, where a total of 134 (77%) dental graduates had a positive attitude towards its implementation, however this was not reflected in their practices as 128 (73.6%) graduates has poor practices related to ergonomics. It was also found that knowledge and practices of ergonomics had a weak but significant correlation (r = 0.263, p = 0.001). Moreover, males were more positive about implementing and practicing ergonomics then females with a significant association (p = 0.001).

Conclusions A majority of the dental graduates (house officers) in this present study had a reasonable knowledge of ergonomics and its principles also showed positivity but an only small number of them practiced dental ergonomics. This study recommends the need for including dental ergonomics in the academic curriculum of clinical years of both dental undergraduate and postgraduate studies and also conducts workshops to develop faculty to reinforce its importance.
Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Periodontitis among Saudi Population
Authors: Elfasakhany Fathy M. , Al-Qahtani Omaima N. , Badri Asmaa M. , Abuelela Hala A.
Published: October 2021

Objective Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in the development of periodontitis. We aimed to assess the relation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms and the susceptibility of periodontitis in Saudi population in Makkah region.

Materials and Methods In total, 86 unrelated patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and 86 controls were enrolled in this study. Evaluation of the periodontal state was performed by using plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment loss. Extraction of genomic DNA from peripheral blood and genotyping of VDR gene ApaI G/T (rs7975232) and TaqI T/C (rs731236) polymorphisms were performed by utilizing polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion.

Results There were statistically significant differences between both groups regarding the mean bleeding on probing, mean probing depth, mean plaque index, and the mean attachment level (p < 0.001) indicating that the matching based on the investigated groups was adequate. The examined populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Analysis of the genotype and allele frequencies of both VDR ApaI and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that they were statistically indifferent between the control group and the periodontitis subjects (p> 0.05).

Conclusion These results suggested that VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms might not be related to the susceptibility of periodontal disease in the Saudi subjects in Makkah region.
The Effect of Femoral Malrotation in Offset Templating for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study and Curvilinear Analysis
Authors: Schutte Harold Del , Navarro Sergio M. , Shaikh Hashim , Barfield William R. , Conrad Jeffrey , Romero Neil , McTighe Tim
Published: October 2021

Techniques allow assessment of preoperative offset in hip arthroplasty. This study assessed femoral rotation in preoperative offset templating using a cadaveric model. Ten femurs were imaged at degrees of rotation. Offset was measured. A generalizable equation predicting change in offset was derived with a curvilinear model. Statistically significant differences at rotational positions were found. For 30 degrees of internal rotation, 2.1 mm change in adjusted mean offset existed; for 30 degrees of external rotation, 8.4 mm change existed. Improved awareness of malrotation of the proximal femur and templating adjustments may improve total hip arthroplasty outcomes. This study reflects level of evidence III.
Understanding Pacemaker-Induced Cardiomyopathy Incidence and Predictors in Patients with Right Ventricular Pacing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Laksono Sidhi , Setianto Budhi , Iqbal Mohammad , Prawara Ananta Siddhi
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to figure out the incidence and predictors of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in patients with right ventricular (RV) pacing. We systematically searched in PubMed on March 18, 2020, for English language abstract and full-article journals, using the following criteria: pacemaker induced cardiomyopathy AND right ventricular AND pacemaker AND patients AND human NOT implantable cardioverter defibrillator NOT ICD NOT animal. Four studies were included in this review after filtering 35 studies through year of publication and abstract selection. The average PICM incidence from 1,365 patients included from the four studies was 10.7 to 13.7%. One study stated that preimplantation left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was the predictor for the development of PICM. Three studies mentioned that RV pacing burden was the predictor for the development of PICM. However, the percentage differ in three studies: ≥20, >40, and 60%. In addition, one of the studies also included interventricular dyssynchrony as another predictor. The incidence of PICM in patients with RV pacing ranged from 10.7 to 13.7%. Preimplantation LVEF, interventricular dyssynchrony, and burden of RV pacing are reported as the predictors for the development of PICM in patients with RV pacing.
Management of Acute Anastomotic Leaks
Authors: Hedrick Traci L. , Kane William
Published: October 2021

Management of the acute anastomotic leak is complex and patient-specific. Clinically stable patients often benefit from a nonoperative approach utilizing antibiotics with or without percutaneous drainage. Clinically unstable patients or nonresponders to conservative management require operative intervention. Surgical management is dictated by the degree of contamination and inflammation but includes drainage with proximal diversion, anastomotic resection with end-stoma creation, or reanastomosis with proximal diversion. Newer therapies, including colorectal stenting, vacuum-assisted rectal drainage, and endoscopic clipping, have also been described.
Four-Corner Arthrodesis: Comparative Analysis of Open Technique Versus Percutaneous Technique with Arthroscopic Assistance
Authors: Azócar Camila , Lecaros Juan J. , Bernal Nazira , Sanhueza Miguel , Liendo Rodrigo , Cifras José L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction Four-corner arthrodesis is a salvage technique for patients with carpal advanced osteoarthritis. Nowadays, percutaneous techniques with arthroscopic assistance have been described, achieving favorable results with minimally invasive techniques advantages over open surgery.

Objective To compare functional and radiological results in patients with SLAC or SNAC wrists operated with open surgical technique versus percutaneous surgery with arthroscopic assistance.

Materials and Methods Retrospective case-control study of clinical records and radiological images of patients with carpal advanced osteoarthritis operated with both surgical techniques. We studied demographic variables, pain with visual analog scale (VAS) score, function in ranges of mobility, time of consolidation, and correction of DISI deformity.

Results A total of 22 male patients with an average age of 32.5 years were studied. Thirteen patients in the case group (percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance) and nine patients in the control group (open surgery). Pain score in VAS at discharge was 3 for cases and 5 in controls (p = 0.008), and at 30 days postoperatively, it was 0 and 3 respectively (p = 0.00). The extension and flexion ranges were 52.6°and 38.7° in the cases and 35.7° and 32.4° in the control group (p = 0.119 and 0.0016, respectively). The capitolunate angle was 10°in the controls and 5°in the cases (p = 0.0008). The time of consolidation was 8.8 weeks in cases and 12.5 weeks in controls (p = 0.039).

Conclusions The percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance for the 4-courner arthrodesis is a reproducible technique and is effective in achieving consolidation, pain reduction and preservation of wrist motion. In the present study, we demonstrate superiority of this technique over the open surgery.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, therapeutic study.
CT Scan versus Saline Load Test for Detection of Traumatic Wrist Arthrotomy
Authors: Perloff Eric , Posner Andrew , Murtaza Hamza , Vig Khushdeep , Smith Michael , Mulligan Michael T.
Published: October 2021

Background Traumatic arthrotomy of the wrist is most commonly detected using the saline load test (SLT); however, little data exists on the effectiveness of the SLT to this specific joint. The use of computed tomography (CT) scan has been validated as an alternative method to detect traumatic arthrotomy of the knee, as the presence of intra-articular air can be seen when there is violation of the joint capsule.

Question/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of CT scan to identify arthrotomy of the wrist capsule and compare the diagnostic performance of CT versus traditional SLT.

Materials and Methods Ten fresh frozen cadavers which had undergone transhumeral amputation were initially used in this study. A baseline CT scan was performed to ensure no intra-articular air existed prior to intervention. After baseline CT, an arthrotomy was created at the 6R radiocarpal portal site. The wrists then underwent a postarthrotomy CT to identify the presence or absence of intra-articular air. Following CT, the wrists were subjected to the SLT to detect the presence of extravasation from the arthrotomy.

Results Nine cadavers were included following baseline CT scan. Following arthrotomy, intra-articular air was visualized in eight of the nine cadavers in the postarthrotomy CT scan. Air was seen in the radiocarpal joint in eight of the nine wrists; midcarpal joint in seven of the nine wrists; and distal radioulnar joint in six of the nine wrists. All wrists (nine of the nine) demonstrated extravasation during the SLT. The mean volume of extravasation occurred at 3.7 mL (standard deviation = 2.6 mL), with a range of 1 to 7 mL.

Conclusion CT scan correctly identified eight of the nine simulated traumatic arthrotomies. Injection of 7 mL during the SLT was necessary to identify 100% of the arthrotomies.

Clinical Relevance CT scan is a sensitive modality for detection of traumatic arthrotomy of the wrist in a cadaveric model.
Intra-Articular Administration of a Synthetic Lubricin in Canine Stifles
Authors: Hayashi Kei , Bourgeois Alexandria , Lopez Daniel , Caserto Brian G. , Berthelsen Erin , Krotscheck Ursula , Reesink Heidi L. , Kim Sun Young , Putnam David
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional, systemic, synovial and articular changes after intra-articular administration of a synthetic lubricin within healthy canine stifles.

Study Design A prospective randomized blinded placebo-controlled study composed of 10 dogs equally divided into either a treatment group (intra-articular synthetic lubricin injection, n = 5) or control group (saline, n = 5). Clinical (orthopaedic examination, gait observation, gait analysis), biochemical (complete blood count and biochemistry profile) and local tissue outcomes (joint fluid analysis, joint capsule and articular cartilage histopathology) were evaluated over a time period of 3 months.

Results No significant differences between the treatment group and control group were identified with regard to baseline patient parameters. No clinically significant orthopaedic examination abnormalities, gait abnormalities, biochemical alterations, joint fluid alterations or histopathological alterations were identified over the course of the study.

Conclusion The synthetic lubricin studied herein is both biocompatible and safe for a single administration within the canine stifle joint. Further research is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the synthetic lubricin in canine osteoarthritic joints.
Laser pointing error analysis and compensation method of low-power laser diode source applied to triangulation ranging system
Authors: Nan Zhuojiang , Tao Wei , Zhao Hui
Published: October 2021

The pointing drift and dither of the light source greatly reduces the measurement accuracy of the laser triangulation ranging system. In particular, for the low-power laser diode (LD) source, the temperature drift and the dither of the LD itself are more obvious. In this paper, the influence factors on the laser pointing error were analyzed by experiments and simulations based on the triangulation ranging system, and a combined optimization algorithm was proposed to compensate the pointing error. First, we built a platform for testing the directivity of low-power LD and analyzed the directivity drifting error caused by the change in LD temperature, the dithering error of the LD at constant temperature. In addition, the measurement error caused by the thermal deformation of the focusing lens was also analyzed in ZEMAX. Second, polynomial fitting was adapted to preliminarily correct the LD temperature drifting error, and the Kalman filter was introduced to further optimize the measurement results with the aim of improving both the absolute accuracy and repeatability of the laser triangulation ranging system. The experimental results showed that the measurement root mean square error was 0.91 µm and the repeatability was 0.61 µm after the pointing error was compensated by the method we proposed.