bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of phase change materials for efficient thermal management of electronic modules
Authors: Novikov A. , Maxa J. , Nowottnick M. , Heimann M. , Jarchoff K.
Published: July 2019

Power electronics is a key technology for the advancement and spreading of electromobility applications and compact power supply devices on the market. The use of new WBG semiconductors (e.g. SiC, GaN) as well as highly integrated silicon-based power electronics enables a significant increase in power density with increasing integration. At the same time, however, this development requires costly thermal management solutions, since the power semiconductors generate considerable heat loss during operation.

To ensure the robustness of the systems, the components must be protected from critical temperatures. Nowadays, a considerable effort for active and passive cooling by fans, microfluidic systems or heat pipes is operated. Compared with that, the usage of phase change materials (PCM) is a novel approach for sophisticated thermal management [1], [2].

In this paper some selected results of research project SWE-eT (Heat-retaining coatings for next-generation, efficient, compact power electronics) funded as part of KomroL program (Compact and robust power electronics of the next generation) of German Federal Ministry of Education and Research are presented. Main goal of this project is development, investigation and testing of efficient thermal management solutions based on heat-storing layer systems through phase transition processes. The research project was focused on investigation of sugar alcohols as PCM because of its wide range of melting temperature, high enthalpy of fusion and low cost.
Considerations for Sintering in High Temperature Electronics
Authors: Krebs Thomas
Published: July 2019

High temperature electronics are used in a wide range of applications especially in extreme environments. There is a clear trend in aircrafts to have electrical controls mounted closer to the engine [1]. In cars more and more mechanical and hydraulic systems are replaced by electromechanical or mechatronic systems [2]. They are getting closer to high temperature environments like the engine or brakes. To its nature, avionic and automotive applications require predictable, highly reliable systems. Because elevated temperatures will increase the speed of material aging, the combination of high operation temperatures and high reliability is quite challenging. This applies in particular to interconnect materials such as solders or bonding wires.
On-turbine multisensors based on Hybrid Ceramic Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Ziesche Steffen , Goldberg Adrian , Partsch Uwe , Kappert Holger , Kind Heidrun , Aden Mirko , Naumann Falk
Published: July 2019

The contribution evaluates the potential of piezoresistive multilayer ceramic sensory solutions using Low or High Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC/HTCC) for on-turbine sensors. Relevant ceramic materials were characterized and evaluated with regard to applicability and reliability under application-like conditions. A multilayer ceramic sensory element was designed including a ceramic embedded pressure sensing membrane, a Pt100 temperature sensor and ceramic integrated wiring. Appropriate sealing methods to implement the ceramic into metal housings as well as electrical connection solutions were worked out, which allow for an operation under the increased temperatures (> 300°C) of the application. A system concept, including sensory element, signal conditioning electronics, mechanical and electrical interfaces is part of the investigation.
Modular Desktop Platform for High-Temperature Characterization and Test up to 300 °C
Authors: Reinhold Tom , Bieske Björn , Gläser Georg , Meister Michael
Published: July 2019

To test, evaluate and characterize new integrated circuits (ICs) for high temperature application no easy, cheap or portable platform is available. On the other hand, industrial applications require more and more high temperature circuits.

To solve all these problems, a novel and modular platform was developed by IMMS, which allows for heating ICs up to 300 °C. The main feature is the portable high temperature fixture with integrated heating capability combined with a reliable method to contact the device. This way the device can be operated and heated at the same time.

The platform was applied to a high temperature sensor interface which conditions signals from Wheatstone pressure sensors. Due to the modularity, the presented platform can be adapted to characterization as well as demonstration scenarios. By observing the circuit during heating and cooling processes, the performance can be recorded in real time by the integrated single board computer.
Safety of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Diseases and/or Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Shah Mohsin , Jizzini Mazen N. , Majzoub Imad E. , Qdaisat Aiham , Reyes-Gibby Cielito C. , Yeung Sai-Ching J.
Published: July 2019

Background: Checkpoint blockade therapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is increasingly being used to prolong survival in cancer patients, but its use is limited by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These can be serious and occasionally fatal. However, the safety of ICIs is currently unknown in cancer patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (PADs) and/or chronic inflammatory disorders (CIDs) such as eczema. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of ICIs in cancer patients with PAD and/or eczema at our institution. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of cancer patients who presented to the Emergency Department between March 1, 2011, and February 29, 2016, after ICI therapy was previously conducted. Among these patients, those with PAD and/or eczema were further evaluated for safety by determining the occurrences of de novo irAEs or preexisting disease exacerbation. Results: Twenty-two cancer patients with PAD and/or eczema who received ICIs were reviewed, in which 15 were male (68%). Their median age was 63 years (range: 40–78 years). Most patients received anti-PD-1drugs (68%). Melanoma was the most common malignancy (45%). Autoimmune thyroiditis/primary hypothyroidism was the most common PAD. Four patients were receiving treatment for PAD at baseline using systemic corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents, and other immunosuppressants. Nineteen patients experienced de novo irAEs and/or PAD exacerbation. In three patients, the irAE was severe (grade ≥3). In six patients, the irAE or exacerbation was managed with systemic corticosteroids. Twelve patients experienced resolution of the de novo irAE or PAD exacerbation without the need to withhold or discontinue ICI therapy. The median time to last follow-up or death from the first dose of ICI was 16.8 months (range: 2–80 months). Death due to cancer progression was reported in 17 patients. Conclusion: Although de novo irAEs and PAD exacerbation were common, most patients with PAD and/or CIDs tolerated ICI therapy well.
A Measurable Selector in Kadison’s Carpenter’s Theorem
Authors: Bownik Marcin , Szyszkowski Marcin
Published: July 2019

We show the existence of a measurable selector in Carpenter’s Theorem due to Kadison. This solves a problem posed by Jasper and the first author in an earlier work. As an application we obtain a characterization of all possible spectral functions of shift-invariant subspaces of $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ and Carpenter’s Theorem for type $\text{I}_{\infty }$ von Neumann algebras.
Investigating Possible Infectious Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in a Nicaraguan Mining Community
Authors: Yih W. Katherine , Kulldorff Martin , Friedman David J. , Leibler Jessica H. , Amador Juan José , López-Pilarte Damaris , Galloway Renee L. , Ramírez-Rubio Oriana , Riefkohl Alejandro , Brooks Daniel R.
Published: July 2019

A chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has been killing workers in Central America. Occupational heat stress is thought to play an important role. Leptospirosis and hantavirus have been suggested as additional possible risk factors. In a case–control study in a Nicaraguan mining community, a structured survey was administered to adults, and biological measurements and specimens were taken. Serum was analyzed for antibodies to Leptospira and hantavirus. Before statistical analysis, a board-certified nephrologist determined final case and control status based on serum creatinine and other laboratory values. Multivariable analysis was by logistic regression. In sensitivity analyses, cases were restricted to those diagnosed with CKDu in the previous 3 years. Of 320 eligible participants, 112 were classified as presumptive cases, 176 as controls and 32 as indeterminant. The risk of CKDu in those ever having worked in mining or construction was 4.4 times higher than in other participants (odds ratio = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.96–10.0, P = 0.0003). Eighty-three (26%) of the 320 participants were seropositive for at least one tested strain of Leptospira. No evidence of a causal link between leptospirosis or hantavirus and CKDu was found. The sensitivity analyses provide some evidence against the hypotheses that leptospirosis or hantavirus leads to CKDu within a few years. A major limitation was the impossibility of determining the absolute or relative timing of infection and CKDu onset. A prospective cohort design, with repeated collection of specimens over several years, could yield clearer answers about infections as potential etiologic agents in CKDu.
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Children from a Rural Community Taking Part in a Periodic Deworming Program in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Errea Renato A. , Vasquez-Rios George , Calderon Maria L. , Siu Diego , Duque Kevin R. , Juarez Luciana H. , Gallegos Rodrigo , Uriol Celene , Rondon Claudia R. , Baca Katia P. , Fabian Rosario J. , Canales Marco , Terashima Angelica , Marcos Luis A. , Samalvides Frine
Published: July 2019

Children in the Peruvian Amazon Basin are at risk of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infection in children from a rural Amazonian community of Peru and to elucidate epidemiological risk factors associated with its perpetuation while on a school-based deworming program with mebendazole. Stool samples of children aged 2–14 years and their mothers were analyzed through direct smear analysis, Kato–Katz, spontaneous sedimentation in tube, Baermann’s method, and agar plate culture. A questionnaire was administered to collect epidemiological information of interest. Among 124 children, 25.8% had one or more STH. Individual prevalence rates were as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides, 16.1%; Strongyloides stercoralis, 10.5%; hookworm, 1.6%; and Trichuris trichiura, (1.6%). The prevalence of common STH (A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworm) was higher among children aged 2–5 years than older children (31.6% versus 12.8%; P = 0.01). In terms of sanitation deficits, walking barefoot was significantly associated with STH infection (OR = 3.28; CI 95% = 1.11–12.07). Furthermore, STH-infected children more frequently had a mother who was concomitantly infected by STH than the non-STH–infected counterpart (36.4% versus 14.1%, P = 0.02). In conclusion, STH infection is highly prevalent in children from this Amazonian community despite routine deworming. Institutional health policies may include hygiene and sanitation improvements and screening/deworming of mothers to limit the dissemination of STH. Further studies are needed to address the social and epidemiological mechanics perpetuating these infections.
Severe Yellow Fever and Extreme Hyperferritinemia Managed with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Authors: Sztajnbok Jaques , Sant’Ana Malaque Ceila Maria , Nihei Camila Hitomi , Duayer Irene Faria , Leme Britto Zita Maria , Beraldo Eduarda Gambini , AzevedoTeixeira Ralcyon Francis
Published: July 2019

A 43-year-old man was admitted to the intensive care unit and diagnosed with yellow fever. He presented with refractory bleeding, extreme hyperferritinemia, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, requiring renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, and treatment with vasoactive drugs. Because the bleeding did not respond to fresh-frozen plasma administration, the patient received therapeutic plasma exchange, which was accompanied by a marked improvement of the clinical and biochemical parameters, including a significant decline in serum ferritin levels.
A/C Compressor Oil Separator Effectiveness Test Standard
Authors:   Interior Climate Control MAC Supplier Committee
Published: July 2019

This SAE Standard establishes the test conditions and reporting method for quantifying refrigerant circuit oil circulation rate (OCR) reduction effectiveness of mobile air conditioning compressors using R-134a and R-1234yf refrigerants that include oil separators and/or other design features for the purpose of reducing the OCR in the refrigerant circuit.

This standard and the OCR values it produces are not intended to make judgement on suitability of OCR values with regard to compressor durability.
Selected Abstracts of the TEEPGI 2013 Workshop (1st to 3rd March 2013)
Authors: Aslam Naved , Mohan Bishav , Gautam PL , Wander GS , Tandon Rohit , Singh Rakendra , Kumbhkarni S
Published: July 2019

Background

Paravalvular or paraprosthetic leak (PVL) is a complication associated with the surgical/transcatheter implantation of a prosthetic heart valve, more commonly a mechanical than a bioprosthetic valve. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most important diagnostic modality for prosthetic valve function/dysfunction. However, TTE often cannot differentiate the PVL from prosthetic regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the modality of choice which is also able to detect small, nonsignificant jets.

Case Report

We present a case of 78-year-old male who had undergone mitral valve replacement with Epic St. Jude tissue valve 3 years back and now presented to our hospital with NYHA class III dyspnea since few months prior to admission. It was associated with cough with mucoid expectoration along with orthopnea. TTE revealed moderate PAH with increased gradient across bioprosthetic mitral valve with suspicion of peravalvular leak (Fig. 1). Three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering image analysis after cropping suggested oval perivalvular area of leakage which was confirmed with the help of 3D color rendering (Fig. 2). It showed early separation of perivalvular leak from paravalvular area.

Discussion

The majority of PVL are crescent, oval or roundish-shaped and their track can be parallel, perpendicular or serpiginous. Incidence of PVL, including small nonsignificant jets, is estimated to be as high as 20%.1 TEE is more useful than TTE in evaluating the shape of paravalvular defect. It may also help in assessing eccentric jets and differentiating between single and multiple jets. Major progress in TEE in the area of PVL imaging has been 3D reconstruction.2 A semiquantitative assessment of the size of PVL may be made by measurement of the ratio of total sewing ring circumference to the length of suture dehiscence (>10%: Mild, 10-20%: Moderate, >20%: Severe, >40%: Instability of the prosthetic valve).3

Conclusion

The TEE, especially if 3D volume rendering is used along with, provides a systematic method to accurately localize native and prosthetic mitral valve regurgitant lesions. Also, paravalvular leaks may be more easily delineated and quantified using 3D echo. Due to accurate localization of the defects, this modality helps to improve the preoperative assessment and decisions about patients with significant mitral regurgitation.
A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Sea Salt Based Oral Rinse in Gingivitis Patients
Authors: Anarthe Raju , Mani Shubhangi
Published: July 2019

Aim

This pilot study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sea salt-based oral rinse as adjunct with conventional oral hygiene measures in gingivitis patients in terms of clinical parameters.

Materials and methods

A total 30 gingivitis patient between the ages of 18 and 55 years were enrolled in the study and divided under two categories. Clinical parameters were recorded prior to phase one therapy; and subjects were put on different oral hygiene regime with and without sea salt-based mouth rinse. At baseline and 3rd month subjects were evaluated.

Results

The results of this study showed that there was significant decrease in clinical parameters from baseline to 3 months in both the groups (p < 0.01). The subjects under groups using sea salt-based mouthwash showed a highly significant reduction to all the parameters as compared to subjects under groups using a conventional toothbrushing only.

Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that long-term regular use of sea salt-based product seems to be more beneficial.

How to cite this article

Mani A, Mani S, Anarthe R. A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Sea Salt Based Oral Rinse in Gingivitis Patients. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):116-118.
Abnormal Anatomical Location of Root of Second Premolar in Mental Foramen: A Very Rare Case
Authors: Khandelwal Pulkit , Dubey Shirish , Hajira Neha
Published: July 2019

Mental foramen is a key factor in many of the surgical procedures. While carrying out surgical procedures in premolar region, the knowledge of anatomy of mental nerve and its foramen is of utmost importance to avoid intraoperative neurovascular damage and to avoid postoperative neurosensory disturbances. The variations of mental foramen with respect to position, size, and number are very well documented. However, in very rare cases, length of the premolar roots may be abnormally long or abnormally positioned, which can impinge on the mental nerve or may enter mandibular canal or mental foramen. We present one such rare case where second premolar root was impinging on the mental nerve and producing symptoms. Extraction of second premolar was done and patient became asymptomatic postoperatively.

How to cite this article

Khandelwal P, Dubey S, Hajira N. Abnormal Anatomical Location of Root of Second Premolar in Mental Foramen: A Very Rare Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):76-77.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Walls after shaping with Different Single-use Rotary Systems
Authors: Dagna Alberto , Beltrami Riccardo , Bianchi Stefano , Poggio Claudio , Gastaldo Giulia
Published: July 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the cleaning efficacy of four new single-use rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) systems. A total of 48 single-rooted freshly extracted teeth were divided into four groups. Root canals were shaped with the single-use NiTi systems (ProTaper Next, F360, OneShape and F6 SkyTaper) using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions. Specimens were fractured longitudinally and prepared for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis at standard magnification of 2,500?. The presence/absence of debris smear layer and smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were evaluated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at p< 0.05. Analysis of variance test showed no significant differences among the NiTi systems (p > 0.05). The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. Analysis of variance confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples. All the single-use rotary NiTi systems left dentinal walls generally free of debris, even if a small amount of smear layer is visible, especially in the apical third of the root canal. All tested single-use systems seem to be effective in removing smear layer from root canals, if irrigating protocols are respected.

How to cite this article

Dagna A, Gastaldo G, Beltrami R, Bianchi S, Poggio C. Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Root Canal Walls after shaping with Different Single-use Rotary Systems. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):93-98.
Influence of Additives to Bovine Bone Material in Osseous Regeneration of Mandibular Defect: An Animal Study using DXA
Authors: Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Saghiri Mohammad Ali , Orangi Jafar , Tanideh Nader , Asatourian Armen , Sheibani Nader
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Increasing bone quality and quantity in the areas with insufficient bone volume is a major concern among scientists. Ideal bone substitute materials should have osteogenicity, osteoconductivity, and osteoinductivity. Clinoptilolite offers bovine deorganified crystalline bone materials, the advantage of being very similar to human bone with regard to its pore morphology and crystalline structure. This study evaluated the effect of adding Clinoptilolite to Bio-Oss on the osseous regeneration and bone healing process using serial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Materials and methods

A total of 64 rabbits were anesthetized and a bone defect was created on both semi-mandibles. The rabbits were divided into four equal groups: A (Bio-Oss®); B (Bio-Oss® with 2% Clinoptilolite mixture); C (allograft); and D receiving no treatment. The bone healing response of animals was tested after 2, 14, 30, and 60 days.

Results

Statistical analysis showed significant differences at time intervals before 14 days between allograft and other groups (p < 0.05). In all the defects filled with the tested materials, bone formation was observed subjectively. At 30-and 60-day intervals, there were no significant differences between allograft and Bio-Oss with 2% Clinoptilolite group (p = 0.052 and p = 0.260 respectively) although it was significant in 2-and 14-day intervals.

Conclusion

Clinoptilolite (2%) can be used to improve the osteoinduction property of bovine deorganified crystalline bone material. Clinoptilolite can be suggested as a potential material added to bone substitute materials due to its porous structure and buffering capacity and adsorption of a number of serum components which aids the osseous regeneration and healing process.

How to cite this article

Saghiri MA, Orangi J, Tanideh N, Asatourian A, Garcia-Godoy F, Sheibani N. Influence of Additives to Bovine Bone Material in Osseous Regeneration of Mandibular Defect: An Animal Study using DXA. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):104-108.
Real-time Ultrasound-guided Axillary Vein Cannulation
Authors: Khatibi Bahareh , Sandhu Nav Parkash
Published: July 2019

The axillary vein has been shown to be a safe and effective cannulation site for patients requiring central venous access. Compared to subclavian vein cannulation, axillary vein cannulation may reduce the rate of pneumothorax and hemothorax. Long-term complications, including the rate of infection or deep vein thrombosis, are comparable to internal jugular vein cannulation. The use of ultrasound for cannulation at traditional central vein sites, such as the internal jugular and femoral veins has been shown to aid in successful cannulation and potentially reduce complications. For axillary vein cannulation, however, when ultrasound is used only for localization of the axillary vein precannulation, it has not been shown to improve successful cannulation or decrease the rate of arterial puncture.

Real-time ultrasound-guided axillary vein cannulation has been described and may increase the rate of successful cannulation and decrease complications. Various techniques of real-time ultrasound-guided axillary vein cannulation have been studied over the past decade. They differ in various characteristics including technique for needle imaging (in-plane vs out-of-plane) and upper extremity positioning (neutral vs abducted). The in-plane technique, which images the axillary vein in longitudinal view and allows the needle to be visualized at all times, has been found to result in greater first-attempt success and easier overall placement than the transverse view technique. As for upper extremity positioning, 90° abduction may result a decreased risk of catheter misplacement after proximal axillary vein cannulation.

Ultrasound-guided axillary vein cannulation has many emerging uses, including use in oncology, cardiology, and nephrology.

How to cite this article

Khatibi B, Sandhu NP. Real-time Ultrasound-guided Axillary Vein Cannulation. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(2):42-47.
Prevalence of Aggressive Periodontitis in Patients visiting the OPD of Periodontology, RajaRajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru
Authors: Shivanand Shilpa , Singh Navnita , Bilichodmath Shivaprasad
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The prevalence of aggressive periodontitis (AP) has been extensively studied globally. Limited information is available on the AP prevalence in the Indian population. Hence, a survey was undertaken to give a more accurate prevalence of AP in the population visiting the outpatient Department of Periodontology, RajaRajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods

A total of 500 patients were screened to estimate the prevalence of AP. Thorough gingival examination, including bleeding on probing, was done to evaluate the gingival condition. The periodontal status was evaluated by assessment of clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession. The subjects provisionally diagnosed with AP were referred to the Department of Radiology for further examination. The radiographic assessment involved full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs and panoramic radiographs.

Results

Out of the 500 patients screened, 8 cases (LAP-4, GAP-4) were found to be confirmed with the diagnosis of AP, giving a prevalence of 1.6%.

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of AP in the screened population is 1.6%. The higher prevalence of AP in the present study can be attributed to the fact that the population studied is hospital based because of the convenience. The prevalence of AP is highly variable and controversial globally and needs a concerted and systemic approach if this is to be settled.

How to cite this article

Shivanand S, Singh N, Bilichodmath S. Prevalence of Aggressive Periodontitis in Patients visiting the OPD of Periodontology, RajaRajeswari Dental College & Hospital, Bengaluru. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(2):37-40.
Role of Dexamethasone in reducing Postoperative Sequelae following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Reddy Bipin C , Islam Mueedul , Khan Azhar , Parkar Shoaib N , Nath Tanmoy , Imran Mohammed
Published: July 2019

Aims and objectives

To understand the benefits of dexamethasone and compare the effects of submucosal vs intramuscular (IM) administration of dexamethasone in reducing postoperative sequelae following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted on 90 patients, who were divided into three groups of 30 each. The two experimental groups were given dexamethasone 4 mg submucosally or intramuscularly (preoperatively), and the control group did not receive any form of corticosteroid. Measurements of facial swelling and maximal interincisal distance were made preoperatively and on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th postoperative days. Pain was evaluated from patients' response to visual analog scale and recording the number of rescue analgesic tablets taken at the end of the 7th postoperative day.

Results

Both dexamethasone groups showed a significant reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus as compared with the control group at all intervals. There was a statistically significant reduction in magnitude of swelling in the submucosal dexamethasone group as compared with the IM dexamethasone group on the 1st postoperative day, but there was no significant difference among two experimental groups at other times and their effects were comparable for all variables.

Conclusion

Dexamethasone 4 mg is an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing postoperative sequelae following surgical removal of impacted third molars and submucosal dexamethasone is an effective alternative to dexamethasone given systemically.

How to cite this article

Imran M, Reddy BC, Islam M, Khan A, Parkar SN, Nath T. Role of Dexamethasone in reducing Postoperative Sequelae following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparative Clinical Study. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):53-60.
Reflexões sobre a aprendizagem das operações aritméticas elementares por alunos das séries inciais do ensino fundamental à luz da teoria dos campos conceituais de Gérard Vergnaud
Authors: Brandt Célia Finck , Guérios Ettiène , Daniel Jane Eletra Serafini , Pereira Ana Lucia
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo apresentamos reflexões sobre dificuldades reveladas por alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em cálculos que envolvem as operações de adição, subtração, multiplicação e divisão. Essas dificuldades foram identificadas por meio da análise dos erros dos alunos na resolução de atividades (envolvendo contas e problemas) que foram analisadas à luz dos campos conceituais de Gérard Vergnaud. As resoluções dos alunos revelam que há erros procedimentais e conceituais oriundos de teoremas ou conceitos em ato utilizados na resolução. E que existem erros que comprometem a compreensão de elementos estruturantes do pensamento matemático e que repercutem na dificuldade em resolver os algoritmos convencionais. Esses resultados revelam que a aprendizagem matemática apresentada por alunos ao final dos anos iniciais é frágil e preocupante exigindo ações voltadas para a aprendizagem de conceitos e teoremas presentes na estrutura do sistema  de numeração e nas operações.
Distribución de especies del género Quercusen el Altiplano Potosino-Zacatecano
Authors: Cabrera-Rodríguez Alejandra , Flores-Cano Jorge A. , Martínez-Montoya Juan F. , Palacio-Núñez Jorge , Olmos-Oropeza Genaro , Torres-Aquino Margarita
Published: July 2019

En el Altiplano Potosino-Zacatecano existen encinares relicto. Las especies del género Quercusson importantes ecológica, social y económicamente. Sin embargo, la información sobre su riqueza y distribución es escasa. Por lo que se plantea como objetivo conocer las especies del género Quercus en cuatro sierras y dos cerros aislados del Altiplano Potosino-Zacatecano. Los encinares se delimitaron con base en información cartográfica cotejada en campo. De marzo a julio de 2014 y de enero a abril de 2015 se recolectaron 85 ejemplares, se identificaron y se cotejaron con colecciones de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y de la Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Diez especies fueron registradas. De ellas, solo Q. tinkhamii, Q. potosina y Q. eduardii habían sido reportadas para la región, especificando el lugar. Otras, dos se encontraron en Peñón Blanco, tres en Guanamé, dos en Sierra la Mojonera, una en Cerro Los Licenciados y, en Sierra de San Miguel. Q. saltillensis que es un nuevo registro para el área de estudio. Q. jonesii y Q. greggii se localizan en el Cerro Peñón Blanco, Q. eduardii, Q. striatula, Q. pringlei en Sierra de Guanamé y Mesa la Difunta, Q. grisea en Cerro Los Licenciados y Sierra San Miguel. Quercus saltillensis es un nuevo registro en Sierra de Guanamé, Venado, S.L.P.
Amplitud forrajera de la hormiga escamolera (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr, Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en una zona semiárida del altiplano zacatecano
Authors: Rafael-Valdez Javier , Tarango-Arámbula Luis A. , Ugalde-Lezama Saúl , Cruz-Labana José D. , Clemente-Sánchez Fernando , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge
Published: July 2019

En México, la hormiga escamolera (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) es un recurso natural económicamente importante. Sin embargo, sus colonias son sobre utilizadas. Tanto su hábitat como su actividad forrajera son aspectos poco estudiados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la amplitud forrajera de L. apiculatum y las variables del hábitat que la definen en Villa González Ortega, Zacatecas, México. Durante 2014, se localizaron 31 colonias de L. apiculatum. La amplitud forrajera de la hormiga se determinó mediante la identificación de los caminos de forrajeo, sus distancias desde el nido a los sitios de forrajeo y sus azimuts. Las variables del hábitat que más se asociaron con la amplitud forrajera se determinaron con índices de Frecuencia de observación (Fo), análisis cladístico (AC) y análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC). La hormiga escamolera forrajeó en un área de tamaño promedio de 1 565.65 ± 535.63 m2 y las variables que más explicaron esta superficie forrajera fueron la presencia de Agave salmiana, Yucca spp., Prosopis spp., Acacia farnesiana, suelo desnudo, material leñoso y cobertura de arbustos. Este estudio, sobre la amplitud forrajera de la hormiga escamolera, proporciona información para el diseño de estrategias de manejo y conservación de sus poblaciones y hábitats en México.
Trends in N2O and SF6 mole fractions in archived air samples from Cape Meares, Oregon (USA), 1978–1996
Authors: Rolfe Terry C. , Rice Andrew L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Quantifying historical trends in atmospheric greenhouse
gases (GHGs) is important to understanding changes in their budgets and for
climate modeling, which simulates historic and projects future climate.
Archived samples analyzed using updated measurement techniques and
calibration scales can reduce uncertainties in historic records of GHG mole
fractions and their trends in time. Here, we present historical measurements
of two important GHGs, nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride
(SF6), collected at the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere station Cape
Meares, Oregon (USA, 45.5∘ N, 124∘ W), between 1978 and
1996 in archived air samples from the Oregon Health and Science University
– Portland State University (OHSU–PSU) air archive. N2O is the third
most important anthropogenically forced GHG behind carbon dioxide (CO2)
and methane (CH4). SF6 has a low abundance in the atmosphere, but
is one of the most powerful GHGs known. Measurements of atmospheric N2O
made during this period are available for select locations, but before
mid-1990 they have larger uncertainties than more recent periods due to
advancements made in gas chromatography (GC) methods. Few atmospheric
SF6 measurements exist pre-1990, particularly in the Northern
Hemisphere. The GC system used to measure N2O and SF6 mixing
ratios in this work is designed to be fully automated, and is capable of running up
to 15 samples per batch. Measurement precision (1σ) of N2O and
SF6 is 0.16 % and 1.1 %, respectively (evaluated at 328.7 ppb and
8.8 ppt). Samples were corrected for detector response nonlinearity when
measured against our reference standard, with the corrections determined to be 0.14 ppb ppb−1 in N2O and 0.03 ppt ppt−1 in SF6. The mixing ratio
of N2O in archived samples is found to be 301.5±0.3 ppb in 1980
and rises to 313.5±0.3 ppb in 1996. The average growth rate over
this period is 0.78±0.03 ppb yr−1 (95 % CI). The seasonal
amplitude is statistically robust, with a maximum anomaly of 0.3 ppb near
April and a minimum near November of −0.4 ppb. Measurements of N2O
match well with previously reported values for Cape Meares and other
comparable locations. The mixing ratio of SF6 in analyzed samples is
found to be 0.85±0.03 ppt in 1980 and rises to 3.83±0.03 ppt
in 1996. The average growth rate over this period is 0.17±0.01 ppt yr−1 (95 % CI). The seasonality is statistically robust and has an annual
peak amplitude of 0.04 ppt near January and a minimum amplitude of −0.03 ppt
near July. These are unique SF6 results from this site and represent a
significant increase in the SF6 data available during the 1980s and early
1990s. The mixing ratio and growth rate of SF6 measured compares well
to other Northern Hemisphere measurements over this period. From these
N2O and SF6 measurements, we conclude that sample
integrity is generally robust in the OHSU-PSU air archive for N2O and SF6.
Measurement of ammonia, amines and iodine species using protonated water cluster chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Pfeifer Joschka , Simon Mario , Heinritzi Martin , Piel Felix , Weitz Lena , Wang Dongyu , Granzin Manuel , Müller Tatjana , Bräkling Steffen , Kirkby Jasper , Curtius Joachim , Kürten Andreas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A new water cluster Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) is introduced. The instrument is designed for the selective measurement of trace gases with high proton affinity, such as ammonia, amines, and diamines that are, for example, relevant for atmospheric new particle formation. Following the instrument description and characterization, we demonstrate successful measurements at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber where very low ammonia background levels of ~ 4 pptv were achieved (at 278 K and 80 % RH). The estimated level of detection of the water cluster CI-APi-TOF can be estimated as ~ 0.5 pptv for ammonia and it is significantly lower for amines. Due to a short reaction time (
Exploring the advantages and limitations of in situ U-Pb carbonate geochronology using speleothems
Authors: Woodhead Jon , Petrus Joseph
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The recent development of methods for in situ U-Pb age determination in carbonates has found widespread application but the benefits and limitations of the method over bulk analysis (isotope dilution – ID) approaches have yet to be fully explored. Here we use speleothems – cave carbonates such as stalagmites and flowstones – to investigate the utility of in situ dating methodologies for challenging matrices with typically low U and Pb contents, and predominantly late Cenozoic ages. Using samples for which ID data have already been published, we show that accurate ages can be obtained for many speleothem types by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA- ICPMS). Consideration of our own and literature data suggests that most carbonates with > 1 ppm Uranium and a few hundred ppb of Pb should be good targets for in situ methodologies, regardless of age. In situ analysis often provides a larger spread in U/Pb ratios which can be advantageous for isochron construction but isochron ages rarely achieve the ultimate precision of ID analyses conducted on the same samples. LA analysis is faster than ID and thus will play a significant role in reconnaissance studies. The major advantage of the in situ methodology appears to be the potential for successful dating outcomes in sample types requiring high spatial resolution analysis.
SEAMUS (v1.0): a Δ14C-enabled, single-specimen sediment accumulation simulator
Authors: Lougheed Bryan C.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The systematic bioturbation of single particles (such as foraminifera) within deep-sea sediment archives leads to the apparent smoothing of any temporal signal as record by the downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. This smoothing is the result of the systematic mixing of particles from a wide range of depositional ages into the same discrete depth interval. Previous sediment models that simulate bioturbation have specifically produced an output in the form of a downcore, discrete-depth mean signal. Palaeoceanographers analysing the distribution of single foraminifera specimens from sediment core intervals would be assisted by a model that specifically evaluates the effect of bioturbation upon single specimen populations. Taking advantage of recent increases in computer memory, the single-specimen SEdiment AccuMUlation Simulator (SEAMUS) was created in Matlab, whereby large arrays of single specimens are simulated. This simulation allows researchers to analyse the post-bioturbation age heterogeneity of single specimens contained within discrete-depth sediment core intervals, and how this heterogeneity is influenced by changes in sediment accumulation rate (SAR), bioturbation depth (BD) and species abundance. The simulation also assigns a realistic 14C activity to each specimen, by considering the dynamic Δ14C history of the Earth and temporal changes in reservoir age. This approach allows for the quantification of possible significant artefacts arising when 14C dating multi-specimen samples with heterogeneous 14C activity. Users may also assign additional desired carrier signals to specimens (e.g., stable isotopes, trace elements, temperature, etc.) and consider a second species with an independent abundance. Finally, the model can simulate a virtual palaeoceanographer by randomly picking whole specimens (whereby the user can set the percentage of older, broken specimens) of a prescribed sample size from discrete depths, after which virtual laboratory 14C dating and 14C calibration is carried out within the model.
Impact of improved Sea Surface Temperature representation on the
forecast of small Mediterranean catchments hydrological response to
heavy precipitation
Authors: Senatore Alfonso , Furnari Luca , Mendicino Giuseppe
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Operational meteo-hydrological forecasting chains are affected by many sources of uncertainty. In coastal areas characterized by complex topography, with several medium-to-small size catchments, quantitative precipitation forecast becomes even more challenging due to the interaction of intense air-sea exchanges with coastal orography. For such areas, quite common in the Mediterranean basin, improved representation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) space-time patterns can be particularly important. The paper focuses on the relative impact of different accuracy levels of SST representation on regional operational forecasting chains (up to river discharge estimates) over coastal Mediterranean catchments, with respect to other two fundamental options while setting up the system, i.e., the choice of the forcing GCM and the possible use of a three-dimensional variational assimilation (3DVAR) scheme. Two different kinds of severe hydro-meteorological events affecting the Calabria Region (Southern Italy) on 2015 are analysed using the atmosphere-hydrology modelling system WRF-Hydro in its uncoupled version. Both the events are modelled using the 0.25° resolution Global Forecasting System (GFS) and the ECMWF's 16 km resolution Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) initial and lateral atmospheric boundary conditions. For the IFS-driven forecasts, also the effects of the 3DVAR scheme are analysed. Finally, native initial and lower boundary SST data are replaced with data from the Medspiration Project by IFREMER/CERSAT, having a 24 hour time resolution and 2.2 km spatial resolution. Precipitation estimates are compared with both ground-based and radar data, as well as discharge estimates with stream gauging stations data. Overall, the experiments highlight that the added value of improved SST representation can be hidden by other more relevant sources of uncertainty, especially the choice of the General Circulation Model providing boundary conditions. Nevertheless, high-resolution SST fields show in most cases a not negligible impact on the simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer processes, modifying flow dynamics and/or the amount of precipitated water, therefore emphasizing that uncertainty in SST representation should be duly taken into account in coastal areas operational forecasting.
Functionality similarities of global web mapping services in the context of responsive map design
Authors: Horbinski Tymoteusz , Cybulski Paweł
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The problem discussed in this research is connected with the functionality of the graphical user interface (GUI) of global web mapping services displayed on different devices. Displaying a mapping service on devices with diverse display screen size causes the adaptation of the graphical user interface to the size of the screen. This adaptation is the result of the responsive design technique which enables one to display the same web content on different devices. Eight global web mapping services: Google Maps, Bing Maps, OpenStreetMap (OSM), Baidu Maps, Yandex Maps, 2GIS, MapQuest, and HERE WeGo, constituted the source of the data. All of them were displayed on four display screens: the monitor of a personal computer, laptop, tablet, and smartphone in order to compare the similarities in the adaptation of GUI, its functions and map content.The aim of the research conducted was to find different solutions for displaying GUI of the same mapping service on diverse display screens of various devices and to track which functions are the most common and how they differ in terms of graphics.Methodology of the research is based on the comparative analysis of eight global web mapping services in terms of the number of GUI buttons, their layout, graphic style, the map functionality, and map content displayed on four devices of different display screen size.The results showed that most of the global web mapping services adapt to the device and their way of use. Some of them are also responsive in the context of external conditions. Interestingly, the adaptation between the PC monitor, laptop and tablet occurs only by changing the size of GUI buttons, other functions remaining the same. Only in the case of smartphones GUI adapts to the size of the device, the number of buttons decreases and their layout changes, new functionality is available (e.g. day/night mode), and the map content is more generalized. On that basis, authors concluded that GUI of global map services constituted a good example of responsive web design.
New Paradigm in Mapping: A Critique on Cartography and GIS
Authors: Jiang Bin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. "Two important characteristics of maps should be noticed. A map is not the territory it represents, but, if correct, it has a similar structure to the territory, which accounts for its usefulness. If the map could be ideally correct, it would include, in a reduced scale, the map of the map; the map of the map, of the map; and so on, endlessly, a fact first noticed by Royce." Alfred Korzybski (1933)As noted in the introductory quotation, a map was long ago seen as the map of the map, the map of the map, of the map, and so on endlessly. This recursive perspective on maps, however, has received little attention in cartography. Cartography, as a scientific discipline, is essentially founded on Euclidean geometry and Gaussian statistics, which deal with respectively regular shapes, and more or less similar things. It is commonly accepted that geographic features are not regular and that the Earth’s surface is full of fractal or scaling or living phenomena: far more small things than large ones at different levels of scale. This paper argues for a new paradigm in mapping, based on fractal or living geometry and Paretian statistics, and – more critically – on the new conception of space, conceived and developed by Christopher Alexander, that space is neither lifeless nor neutral, but a living structure capable of being more living or less living. The fractal geometry is not limited to Benoit Mandelbrot’s framework, but towards Christopher Alexander’s living geometry and based upon the third definition of fractal: A set or pattern is fractal if the scaling of far more small things than large ones recurs multiple times. Paretian statistics deals with far more small things than large ones, so it differs fundamentally from Gaussian statistics, which deals with more or less similar things. Under the new paradigm, I make several claims about maps and mapping: (1) Topology of geometrically coherent things – in addition to that of geometric primitives – enables us to see a scaling or fractal or living structure; (2) Under the third definition, all geographic features are fractal or living, given the right perspective and scope; (3) Exactitude is not truth – to paraphrase Henri Matisse – but the living structure is; and (4) Töpfer’s law is not universal, but scaling law is. All these assertions are supported by evidence, drawn from a series of previous studies. This paper demands a monumental shift in perspective and thinking from what we have used to on the legacy of cartography and GIS.