bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N-terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide Plasma Levels in Heart Failure Are Affected Both Directly and Indirectly by Carvedilol
Authors: Kallistratos Manolis S. , Dritsas Athanasios , Laoutaris Ioannis D. , Cokkinos Dennis V.
Published: April 2008

N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT Pro BNP) is a sensitive marker of left ventricular function in patients with heart failure. The influence of carvedilol on NT Pro BNP plasma levels was analyzed in 21 heart failure patients. Blood samples were taken before administration and after 12 months of treatment with low-dose carvedilol. Peak oxygen consumption did not change after carvedilol treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction improved ( P < .005) in 11 patients (52%), did not change in 9 (43%), and decreased in 1 (5%). In patients where left ventricular ejection fraction improved, NT Pro BNP tended to decrease; however, in patients without improvement, NT Pro BNP increased at follow-up. A correlation exists between magnitude of change in BNP and magnitude of improvement in ventricular function during carvedilol therapy. Patients without noticeable changes in left ventricular ejection fraction with a low to moderate carvedilol dosage show an increase in NT Pro BNP plasma levels.
Crush Stenting With Paclitaxel-Eluting or Sirolimus-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Shaoliang Chen  , Junjie Zhang  , Fei Ye  , Zhongsheng Zhu  , Song Lin  , Nailiang Tian  , Zhizhong Liu  , Weiyi Fang  , Yundai Chen  , Xuewen Sun  , Kwan Tak W.
Published: April 2008

Two hundred forty-six patients with 252 bifurcation lesions were enrolled into a prospective, nonrandomized study to use paclitaxel-eluting or sirolimus-eluting stent for crush stenting in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions. Compared with the sirolimus-eluting stent group, the paclitaxel-eluting stent group had significantly higher mean late lumen and binary angiographic restenosis rates. Sirolimus-eluting stent versus paclitaxel-eluting stent recipients had significantly lower in-segment restenosis in the entire main vessel (15.7% vs 3.1%, P = .004), and simultaneous side branch and main vessel restenoses were solely detected in the paclitaxel-eluting stent group (11.9% vs 0%, P = .03). Target-lesion vessel revascularization and cumulative major adverse cardiac events rates were significantly higher in the paclitaxel-eluting versus the sirolimus-eluting stent group (17.99% vs 8.41%, P = .01; 19.4 vs 9.3%, P = .01; 23.6 vs 11.2%, P = .03). In this study with crush stenting, use of sirolimus-eluting stent, compared with paclitaxel-eluting stent, yielded significantly lower late lumen loss, restenosis, and revascularization rates, with comparable safety by 8-month follow-up.
Intermittent Claudication Caused by Frequent Premature Ventricular Complexes: Resolution after Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Stec Sebastian , Zaborska Beata , Piluś Agnieszka , Lewandowski Paweł , Kułakowski Piotr
Published: April 2008

A case of a 55-year-old woman with psoriasis and long-lasting history of typical intermittent claudication associated with frequent premature ventricular complexes is reported. Atherosclerotic and nonarterial pathologic conditions were taken into consideration and were excluded. Applying 6-minute walk test and resting and peak-exercise pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, it was possible to prove a decrease in perfusion during exercise-persistent ventricular bigeminy. Rapid improvement in symptoms was observed after a single dose of propafenone; however, it led to a worsening of psoriasis. The patient was referred for radiofrequency ablation. Radiofrequency ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract resulted in complete abolition of premature ventricular complexes and intermittent claudication. The patient remained free of claudication and symptoms related to arrhythmia with an ability to walk more than 5 km, without stopping. Relief of symptoms may be achieved by antiarrhythmic treatment; however, side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs or their ineffectiveness should encourage the use of radiofrequency ablation.
Chronic Effort-Induced Angina as Presentation of a Totally Occluded Left Main Coronary Artery: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Koster Nancy K. , White Michael
Published: April 2008

In this report, the case of a 40-year-old patient with chronic total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is discussed. Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is a rare finding at coronary angiography. When present, patients most often have extensive collateral circulation from the right coronary artery. The mainstay of treatment is surgical with coronary artery bypass grafting.
Ceruloplasmin is a Better Predictor of the Long-Term Prognosis Compared with Fibrinogen, CRP, and IL-6 in Patients with Severe Unstable Angina
Authors: Ziakas Antonios , Gavrilidis Stavros , Souliou Efthimia , Giannoglou George , Stiliadis Ioannis , Karvounis Haralambos , Efthimiadis George , Mochlas Sotirios , Vayona M. Arvanitidou , Hatzitolios Apostolos , Savopoulos Christos , Pidonia Ifigenia , Parharidis George
Published: April 2008

Background.

We investigated the time course and prognostic value of fibrinogen (Fib), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ceruloplasmin (CP) in patients with severe unstable angina. Methods. All 4 substances were measured on admission and after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and after 7 days and 6 months in 40 patients with Braunwald's classification class IIIB unstable angina. Results. All recorded substances increased significantly; 15 patients had cardiovascular events during hospitalization and 11 patients during follow-up. The time course and the mean values of Fib, CRP, and IL-6 were similar in patients with and without complications both during hospitalization and follow-up. However, CP levels from 6 hours until 6 months were significantly higher in patients with complications during follow-up ( P < .05). Conclusions. Fib, CRP, IL-6, and CP levels alter in patients with severe unstable angina. However, only CP levels were related to 12-month follow-up prognosis.
Flow-Mediated Arterial Dilation in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Bilora Franca , Sartori Maria Teresa , Zanon Ezio , Campagnolo Enrico , Arzenton Marianna , Rossato Alberto
Published: April 2008

Objective.

To investigate precocious alterations in the artery wall of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Methods. We evaluated flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries in 16 patients and 16 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Results. FMD of the brachial artery was significantly lower in patients than in controls (6.3 ± 5.2% vs 18.2 ± 2.7; P < .005). IMT was similar in the 2 groups. FMD was significantly reduced in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies IgM. Conclusions. APS correlates closely with precocious atherosclerosis, and the correlation with a type of anticardiolipin antibody may be predictive of more accelerated atherosclerosis.
Tako-Tsubo-Like Syndrome with Atypical Clinical Presentation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ripa Chiara , Olivieri Fabiola , Antonicelli Roberto
Published: April 2008

A 78-year-old woman presented herself at emergency for the appearance of severe dyspnea. An electrocardiogram showed signs of inferior and anterior necrosis, and laboratory tests showed a small increase of myocardial cytonecrosis enzymes. An echocardiogram detected a reduction of global systolic function (ejection fraction [EF] approximately 40%) as well as akinesia of the apex, interventricular septum middle segments, and anterior and anterolateral walls, with basal segments showing compensatory hyperkinesia. The coronarography showed a coronary tree substantially free from significant lesions. The patient was transferred to the cardiology unit of our hospital. Based on the contained increase of the cardiac enzymes, the absence of coronary lesions, and the presence of typical echocardiography alterations, we suspected a Tako-tsubo-like syndrome. On deeper anamnestic investigation, an event of strong emotional stress emerged preceding the hospital admission that confirmed the pathology, even though it is atypical to see clinical presentation a long time after a stressful event.
Waxing Effect on Lint Contamination in the Knitting Process
Authors: Young Seok Koo
Published: April 2008

A wax finish of cotton yarn was used to investigate the frictional properties and lint contamination during the knitting process. The coefficient of friction was calculated with the measured yarn tensions by a developed test rig and the amount of lint created during the test was also measured with the test rig. The wax finish showed a positive effect to decrease the frictional forces of the waxed yarn in comparison with the unwaxed yarn. However, the results showed a negative effect on the lint contamination due to wax particles.
Analysis of Size Pick-up and Mechanical and Surface Properties of Multicolored Warps
Authors: Kovačević Stana , Schwarz Ivana , Brnada Snježana
Published: April 2008

The impact of various colors in a multi-colored warp on size pick-up was tested. Likewise, the change of physical-mechanical properties of yarn by sizing multi-colored warps was examined. Tests were performed on various multicolored warps for each color. Based on the obtained results, we concluded whether there was a difference in the size pick-up among various colors of the warp, as well as a difference in physical-mechanical yarn properties under the same sizing and dyeing conditions.
The Relationship Between UV Transmittance and Color — Visual Description and Instrumental Measurement
Authors: Wilson C.A. , Gies P.H. , Niven B.E. , McLennan A. , Bevin N.K.
Published: April 2008

This work examines sensory and instrumental methods for quantifying color of fabrics and investigates the relationship between fabric color and UV transmittance. The color of 175 samples was visually categorized by human judges into color groupings and measured instrumentally according to the CIE XYZ and CIE LAB systems using a spectrocolorimeter. The relationship between color and UVA, UVB and UVR transmittance was examined and the most appropriate method for describing the relationship between UV protection and color was determined. Color depth rather than color per se affected mean UV transmittance with dark fabrics confirmed as being most effective. L* (lightness), Y (brightness), were found to be equally effective descriptions of the `color'/transmittance relationship. Manufacturers seeking to color fabrics so as to minimize UV transmittance should select colors with CIE L* of approximately < 38 or CIE Y of approximately < 28. Medium and high transmittance levels were less clearly related to CIE values.
Efficiency of Vacuuming for the Removal of Cat Allergen (Fel d 1) from Worn and Unworn Wool Carpets of Different Construction
Authors: Causer Simon M. , Shorter Caroline L. , Lewis Roger D. , Siebers Robert W.
Published: April 2008

Exposure to cat allergen (Fel d 1) has been associated with immune responses and exacerbation of asthma. As such allergen can accumulate in carpet, we sought to determine the influence of carpet pile conformation (loop vs. cut) and degree of wear on the levels of Fel d 1 present before and after different cleaning processes. Tufted wool carpets of different construction were loaded with house dust and artificially worn, before being either dry or wet vacuumed. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to determine Fel d 1 levels at each stage, we showed the efficiency of Fel d 1 extraction from unworn (but soiled) carpets to be high, and to differ little with pile conformation or cleaning method. However, efficiency of removal decreased as the carpet became more worn, in which state wet vacuuming also proved slightly more effective than dry vacuuming. Therefore, if seeking to minimize exposure to cat allergen in a carpeted environment, in addition to established Fel d 1 avoidance techniques, implementation of a regular cleaning regime is desirable and consideration should also be given to removal of any heavily worn carpets (preferencing replacement with constructions of high wear resistance).
Beyond Tourist Gazes and Performances
Authors: Swords Alicia , Mize Ronald L.
Published: April 2008

Theoretical debates about the relationship between tourism and Latin American development are often based upon the distinction between tourism's performative and its visual aspects. Though gazes and performances are important, they occur in the context of a usurpation of land and labor that lead to the displacement and exploitation of the residents of tourist destinations. Examination of U.S. consumption of tourist destinations and hospitality labor in Puerto Rico and Mexico reveals that tourism exacerbates inequalities between tourists and service providers, calling into question its long-term sustainability.
Knowledge organization trends in library and information studies: a preliminary comparison of the pre- and post-web eras
Authors: Saumure Kristie , Shiri Ali
Published: April 2008

Qualitative analyses were used to launch a preliminary exploration of the dominant knowledge organization (KO) trends in the pre- and post-web eras. Data for this study was assembled by searching the Library, Information Science, and Technology Abstracts database for articles that have used the term `knowledge organization' or `information organization' in their titles, abstracts, or descriptors. Taken as a whole, these preliminary results suggest that the content of the KO literature has shifted since the advent of the web. Although classic KO principles remain prominent throughout both eras, the presence of new content areas, such as metadata, denotes a shift in KO trends. In the pre-web era, the literature was related in large part to indexing and abstracting. In contrast, cataloging and classification issues dominate the landscape in the post-web era. The findings from this paper will be of particular use to those interested in learning about upcoming trends in the KO literature.
Collaborative pricing model for bundling information goods
Authors: Chang Wei-Lun , Yuan Soe-Tsyr
Published: April 2008

The information economy engenders consideration of certain issues such as information goods cost/pricing, technology infrastructure, and information policy in the era of knowledge economy. Due to the unique cost structure and product characteristics of information goods, conventional pricing strategies are unfeasible, and a differential pricing strategy is crucial. Nevertheless, few models exist for pricing information goods in the e-service industry. This study proposes a novel collaborative pricing model in which customers are active participants in determining product prices and adopt prices and services that meet their changing needs. This study also shows that the collaborative pricing model generates an optimal bundle price at equilibrium with optimal profit and utility. Theoretical proofs and practical implications justify this pricing model, which is essential for future information goods pricing in the information economy.
Word segmentation for the Myanmar language
Authors: Tun Thura Thet  , Na Jin-Cheon , Wunna Ko Ko
Published: April 2008

This study reports the development of a Myanmar word segmentation method using Unicode standard encoding. Word segmentation is an essential step prior to natural language processing in the Myanmar language, because a Myanmar text is a string of characters without explicit word boundary delimiters. The proposed method has two phases: syllable segmentation and syllable merging. A rule-based heuristic approach was adopted for syllable segmentation, and a dictionary-based statistical approach for syllable merging. Evaluation of test results showed that the method is very effective for the Myanmar language.
The Mindset of Teachers Capable of Fostering Resilience in Students
Authors: Brooks Robert , Goldstein Sam
Published: April 2008

The assumptions educators possess about themselves, their role as teachers, and their students' capabilities play a significant role in determining expectations, teaching practices, and ultimately student happiness and success. This article provides an overview of the application of resilience principles in the classroom from the perspective of the mindset of effective educators. In their efforts to nurture resilience in their students, effective educators appreciate the life-long impact they have on students, acknowledge that all students want to be successful, and appreciate that the foundation for successful learning in a safe and secure classroom climate is the relationship they forge with students. Ideas and strategies are offered to assist teachers in developing a mindset capable of fostering resilience in students.
Determining the Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Cognitive Function in Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Bourgeois Blaise F. D.
Published: April 2008

The majority of children with epilepsy are of normal intelligence; however, a significant subset suffers from temporary or permanent cognitive impairment. Factors that affect cognitive function are myriad and include the neuropathology underlying the epilepsy, seizures, epileptiform activity, psychosocial problems, and antiepileptic drug side effects. Although cognitive impairment is often wrongly attributed to the effects of antiepileptic drugs, antiepileptic drugs do impair cognition in some children. Clinicians should be aware of the differential cognitive effects of antiepileptic drugs and should monitor cognitive function closely when adding or changing therapy. Based on published data from prospective, chronic dosing studies, phenobarbital and topiramate have the highest potential for causing cognitive dysfunction. (J Child Neurol 2004;19(Suppl 1):S15-S24).
Choosing Antiepileptic Drugs for Developmentally Normal Children With Specific Epilepsy Syndromes and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Wheless James W. , Bourgeois Blaise F. D.
Published: April 2008

Antiepileptic drugs are often used for the treatment of both epilepsy and a wide range of behavioral and psychiatric disorders. The treatment of patients with epilepsy has been the proving ground for antiepileptic drugs, not only with respect to their efficacy in the treatment of seizures but also for clarifying their dose-related and idiosyncratic adverse events. This information has been useful in treating patients with behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Indeed, the number of prescriptions written for many antiepileptic drugs for nonepileptic uses far exceeds those written for the same drugs for epilepsy. Because patients with chronic epilepsy have a higher incidence of axis I psychiatric disorders, physicians can choose an antiepileptic drug to treat both the epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidity in selected patients. Guided by the principles of evidence-based medicine as outlined by the American Academy of Neurology and the American Academy of Pediatrics, this article reviews the application of antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy and behavioral and psychiatric disorders in children. (J Child Neurol 2004;19(Suppl 1):S39-S48).
The Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders Scale: The Development of a Psychometric Assessment Instrument
Authors: Church Wesley T. , Wakeman Emily E. , Miller Sarah L. , Clements Carl B. , Fei Sun
Published: April 2008

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the nature of individual attitudes toward sex offenders. Because the term “sex offender” tends to evoke strong emotions, and given that open-ended self reports tend to be highly subjective, particularly in the context of such pointed terminology, this study sought to develop an attitude assessment tool that addresses specific domains found in the literature. Methods: Through a number of iterations, the Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders Scale was developed. Results: Exploratory and subsequent confirmatory factor analyses found a four-factor, 18-item version to best represent the domains of interest. Factor and item characteristics are reported. Conclusions: Replication and extension to other populations appears warranted.
A Large Sample Investigation of Batterer Intervention Program Attrition: Evaluating the Impact of State Program Standards
Authors: Buttell Frederick P. , Carney Michelle Mohr
Published: April 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to (a) investigate differences in demographic and psychological variables between treatment completers and dropouts among abusive men entering a court-mandated treatment program and (b) evaluate the goodness of fit of a logistic regression model for predicting attrition developed on a 16-week program by applying that model to the 26-week program. Method: The study employed a secondary analysis of 1,702 men, 850 completers and 852 dropouts, randomly selected from a larger pool of 3,595 men in court-ordered treatment. Results: Analysis indicated that few of the demographic and psychological variables differentiated between completers and dropouts. A logistic regression model for the 26-week program was developed that correctly predicted treatment completion for 60% of the sample and that employed some of the same predictor variables as the 16-week model. Conclusion: Implications for predicting attrition using logistic regression models for enhancing retention rates were explored and discussed.
The Potentially Lethal Nature of Bronchial Casts: Plastic Bronchitis
Authors: Cajaiba Mariana M. , Borralho Paula , Reyes-Múgica Miguel
Published: April 2008

The gross and microscopic findings from 2 fatal cases of plastic bronchitis (PB) in children, a rare entity characterized by the formation of large mucous casts in the bronchial tree, are presented. These casts differ from ordinary mucus because of their increased cohesiveness and consistency, resulting in solid structures that model the respiratory airway tree. PB usually presents as a complication of underlying diseases, which determine the prognosis of the afflicted patients. Conditions commonly associated with PB include congenital cardiopathies, lymph vessel malformations, asthma, and sickle cell disease. The first case is a typical example of PB following surgical treatment of a cyanotic cardiopathy, with very characteristic and illustrative morphology. The second case describes the fatal course of PB in a patient with sickle cell disease, which has never been reported to the best of the authors' knowledge; in this case, an overlooked association with asthma could have contributed to the fatal outcome.
Granular Cell Tumor of the Parotid Gland: An Exceptionally Rare Occurrence
Authors: Dimosthenous Kypros , Righi Alberto
Published: April 2008

The authors report on a case of a granular cell tumor of the parotid gland, which constitutes an extremely rare neoplasm. The infiltrative growth of the tumor may pose the question of malignancy, especially on frozen section. The objective of this report was to function as a reminder of this entity for every pathologist that deals with a biopsy from a lesion of the parotid gland, and furthermore, to keep the unwary away from a possible diagnostic pitfall. A meticulous search of the literature revealed only 4 similar cases.
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Prostate: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Li Jun  , Sun Ke  , Wang Zhaoming  , Xu Linjie  , Yu Xinru
Published: April 2008

Two cases of primary prostatic synovial sarcoma presenting as a prostatic mass are presented in patients aged 44 and 46 years. Histologically, both tumors were mainly composed of uniform spindle cells forming interlacing fascicles. Clusters of immature epithelioid cells were also observed among the spindle cells in case 1. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells of both cases were strongly positive for vimentin, bcl-2, CD99, and E-cadherin, as well as focally positive for cytokeratin. However, they were negative for prostate-specific antigen, S-100 protein, CD34, CD117, muscle-specific actin, desmin, and calretinin. The presence of an SYT—SSX gene fusion resulting from t(X;18) was demonstrated from paraffin blocks by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in both cases. To the authors' knowledge, these represent the fifth and sixth reported cases of prostatic synovial sarcoma. Accurate diagnosis depends on morphologic and immunohistochemical examination and proper molecular analysis.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Sarcomatoid Features and Peritumoral Sarcoid-Like Granulomatous Reaction: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Piscioli Irene , Donato Salvatore , Morelli Luca , Del Nonno Franca , Licci Stefano
Published: April 2008

Granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells is observed in various infectious and noninfectious diseases. It has been found in association with malignant tumors and designated sarcoid-like reaction. The distinction between a tumor-related granulomatous reaction and a true sarcoidosis can be a problematic issue. A case of renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features (Fuhrman nuclear grade IV) with an extensive peritumoral sarcoid-like reaction and a critical review of the few cases of this association described in the literature have been reported, and the problematic clinical and pathological assessments of such lesions are discussed.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Arising in the Ear Canal
Authors: Petkovic Marija , Krstulja Mira , Radic Jelena , Zamolo Gordana , Muhvic Damir , Lovasic Ingrid , Kujundzic Milodar , Franko Artur
Published: April 2008

A case of rare tumor, Merkel cell carcinoma, located in the ear canal of a 25-year-old woman is presented. A polypoid tumor mass was extirpated, and tympanoplasty was done at the first operation, whereas at the second operation, all the bones of the ear canal were removed. Epitympanum and cavum were filled with tumor, and the tumor mass was removed in toto. The histopathology and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of tumor confirmed the presence of Merkel cell tumor. Postoperatively, radiation therapy to the tumor bed was completed. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence or metastasis of Merkel cell tumor for 3 years.
Primary Hepatic Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type: A Case Report With Cytogenetic Study
Authors: Koubaa Mahjoub Wafa , Chaumette-Planckaert Marie-Therese , Penas Eva Maria Murga , Dierlamm Judith , Leroy Karen , Delfau Marie-Helene , Loriau Jerome , Gaulard Philippe , Delchier Jean-Charles , Zafrani Elie-Serge , Copie-Bergman Christiane
Published: April 2008

Primary hepatic lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type is extremely rare. Only 38 cases have been reported to date. A case of a 59-year-old man with Helicobacter pylori—resistant gastric ulcers and Buerger disease who was followed up since 1999 is reported. A 2-cm hepatic nodule was incidentally found during partial gastrectomy and corresponded to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue—type lymphoma without underlying liver disease. Molecular studies showed a clonal immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangement. Investigations for the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma-associated translocations t(11;18) and t(14;18), as well as the t(3;14)(q27;q32), were negative, whereas trisomy 3 and trisomy 18 were detected.
Cystic Lesion Mimicking Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor Arising in Heterotopic Pancreas of the Stomach and Synchronous Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Ho Sung Park  , Kyu Yun Jang  , Young Kon Kim  , Hee Chul Yu  , Baik Hwan Cho  , Woo Sung Moon
Published: April 2008

This article presents the study of a 66-year-old man with an asymptomatic pancreatic mass detected incidentally 4 months earlier. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed 2 distinct cystic masses in the pancreas and the gastric antrum. Microscopically, the pancreatic lesion showed dilated cysts containing papillary structures lined by mucinous epithelium, which showed a loss of polarity, an increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, a prominent nucleolus, and high proliferation on immunostaining for Ki-67. The gastric lesion was composed of heterotopic pancreatic tissue surrounding a large dilated cyst that was lined with mucinous epithelium and contained a few intraluminal papillae.
Review Article: Relationship of Human Papillomavirus With Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Review
Authors: Cobo Fernando , Talavera Paloma , Concha Ángel
Published: April 2008

The purpose of this review is to evaluate case reports of papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) to assess its relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV). The medical literature was searched for case reports of this condition. A total of 115 cases of PSCC were found that described the condition in sufficient detail. HPV detection was performed in only 22 of the 115 cases of PSCC (19%), and 11 of the 22 cases (50%) are related to this virus. The majority of cases related to HPV are produced by low-risk HPV type 6 followed by high-risk HPV type 16. Today, the association of HPV with PSCCs seems unclear because in the majority of patients tests were not performed for the detection of the HPV. This association should be clearly established to make a correct diagnosis and propose the best therapeutic strategies, such as new vaccines.
Methodological Issues in Genetic Association Studies of Inherited Thrombophilia: Original Report of Recent Practice
Authors: Simundic Ana-Maria , Nikolac Nora , Topic Elizabeta
Published: April 2008

The aims of this article are to evaluate the methodological quality of genetic association studies on the inherited thrombophilia published during 2003 to 2005, to identify the most common mistakes made by authors of those studies, and to examine if overall quality of the article correlates with the quality of the journal. Articles were evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using the checklist of 16 items. A total of 58 eligible studies were identified. Average total score was 7.59 ± 1.96. Total article score did not correlate with the journal impact factor (r = 0.3971; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1547-0.5944, P = .002). Total score did not differ across years ( P = .624). Finally, it is concluded that methodological quality of genetic association studies is not optimal, and it does not depend on the quality of the journal. Journals should adopt methodological criteria for reporting the genetic association studies, and editors should encourage authors to strictly adhere to those criteria.
Myocardial Infarction in a 28-Year-Old Thalassemia Intermedia Patient
Authors: El Rassi Fuad A. , Ismaeel Hussain A. , Koussa Suzanne C. , Taher Ali T.
Published: April 2008

A 28-year-old Lebanese thalassemia intermedia (TI) patient with homozygous IVS1-110 mutation sustained atypical chest pain of 1 day’s duration. The EKG reading revealed ST segment elevation in the chest leads V1 to V5. Coronary angiography showed 2 plaques in the left anterior descending coronary artery. He underwent subsequent angioplasty with stenting of the left anterior descending coronary artery. An extensive thrombophilia profile was negative. He was started on medication, and his medical condition improved and chest pain ceased. This is the first case report of myocardial infarction in a TI patient among thalassemics. We propose that such cases will emerge more frequently as our population ages, keeping in mind a possible thrombotic mechanism.
Aspects of Uniqueness in Micropolar Piezoelectric Bodies
Authors: Aouadi Moncef
Published: April 2008

The linear dynamic theory of micropolar piezoelectricity is considered. First we establish a reciprocity relation which involves two processes at different instants. Then we show that this relation can be used to obtain a reciprocal theorem and a uniqueness result. The reciprocal theorem avoids both the use of the Laplace transform and the incorporation of initial conditions into the equations of motion. The uniqueness result is derived with no definiteness assumption on elastic constitutive coefficients.
Processes in Masonry Bodies and the Dynamical Significance of Collapse
Authors: Padovani C. , Pasquinelli G. , Šilhavý M.
Published: April 2008

We consider masonry bodies with dissipation of the rate type. Global in time existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for arbitrary loads and initial conditions is established; this includes the loads for which the masonry structure collapses. "Safe" and "collapse" loads are distinguished by different behaviors of solutions (= processes) at large times. Three situations can arise according to the properties of the equilibrium problem. (i) The equilibrium problem has a (typically nonunique) solution in the Sobolev space W1,2 of displacements; then each process stabilizes inasmuch as the kinetic energy tends to 0 and the L2 distance of the displacement from the set of all equilibrium displacements tends to 0. (ii) The equilibrium problem has no solution in Wl,2 but the infimum of the energy functional on the space of admissible displacements is finite. Then the kinetic energy tends to 0 but the Wl,2 norm of the displacement tends to oo. This may correspond either to a collapse or to a situation when the process approaches an equilibrium solution in a larger function space. (iii): The infimum of the energy functional on the space of admissible displacements is -∞. Then the total energy approaches -∞ in any process and the Wl,1 norm of the displacement tends to ∞; the structure collapses.
Enhanced Stability of Coherently Strained Conical Quantum Dot Arrays Against Coarsening: Beyond the Small Slope Assumption
Authors: Gill S.P.A.
Published: April 2008

An analytical model for the elastic energy of a system of conical heteroepitaxial quantum dots of finite slope is presented. An expression for the surface tractions at the dot—substrate interface is proposed. This includes a singularity in the stress field at the radial perimeter of the dot. The significance of this singularity increases as the slope of the dot increases. This dramatically increases the elastic interaction between dots. The stability of a hexagonal array of dots is found to be highly dependent on the strength of the stress singularity, with a system of highly sloped dots predicted to be metastable at much lower coverages than previously predicted. This could help explain the stability of bimodal island size distributions observed in some quantum dot systems.
The Numerical Computation of the Critical Boundary Displacement for Radial Cavitation
Authors: Negrón-Marrero Pablo V. , Sivaloganathan Jeyabal
Published: April 2008

We study radial solutions of the equations of isotropic elasticity in two dimensions (for a disc) and three dimensions (for a sphere). We describe a numerical scheme for computing the critical boundary displacement for cavitation based on the solution of a sequence of initial value problems for punctured domains. We give examples for specific materials and compare our numerical computations with some previous analytical results. A key observation in the formulation of the method is that the strong—ellipticity condition implies that the specification of the normal component of the Cauchy stress on an inner pre—existing but small cavity, leads to a relation for the radial strain as a function of the circumferential strain. To establish the convergence of the numerical scheme we prove a monotonicity property for the inner deformed radius for punctured balls.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) in Children
Authors: Chakravarti Sujata , Srivastava Shubhika , Mittnacht Alexander J. C.
Published: April 2008

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive method for the in vivo monitoring of tissue oxygenation. Originally used predominantly to assess cerebral oxygenation, NIRS has gained widespread popularity in many clinical settings in all age groups. Changes in regional tissue oxygenation as detected by NIRS may reflect the delicate balance between oxygen delivery and consumption in more than one organ system. However, more studies are required to establish the ability of NIRS monitoring to improve patient outcome. This review provides a comprehensive description of NIRS in children.
Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers in the Online Environment
Authors: Holloway Betsy Bugg , Beatty Sharon E.
Published: April 2008

This research examines the factors driving consumer dis(satisfaction) in the online service environment. Using a critical incident technique and content analysis, the authors identify the critical drivers reported by consumers to produce particularly satisfactory or dissatisfactory online service encounters. Using 616 surveys and 1,183 observations, the authors first classify and then compare reported drivers across outcomes (dissatisfaction vs. satisfaction) and three industry groups (hard goods, soft goods, and services). Classifications are also compared with several important service-quality scales and other literature on the topic in order to compare the findings and to develop an overall framework. The results address how satisfiers and dissatisfiers vary both overall and across industry classifications, providing an assessment of the differences between the factors producing online success versus those preventing failure. The authors conclude with implications for online retailers and directions for future research.
Efficient transduction of pigtailed macaque hematopoietic repopulating cells with HIV-based lentiviral vectors
Authors: Trobridge Grant D. , Beard Brian C. , Gooch Christina , Wohlfahrt Martin , Olsen Philip , Fletcher James , Malik Punam , Kiem Hans-Peter
Published: April 2008

Lentiviral vectors are attractive for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy because they do not require mitosis for nuclear entry, they efficiently transduce hematopoietic repopulating cells, and self-inactivating (SIN) designs can be produced at high titer. Experiments to evaluate HIV-derived lentiviral vectors in nonhuman primates prior to clinical trials have been hampered by low transduction frequencies due in part to host restriction by TRIM5α. We have established conditions for efficient transduction of pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) long-term repopulating cells using VSV-G–pseudotyped HIV-based lentiviral vectors. Stable, long-term, high-level gene marking was observed in 3 macaques using relatively low MOIs (5-10) in a 48-hour ex vivo transduction protocol. All animals studied had rapid neutrophil engraftment with a median of 10.3 days to a count greater than 0.5 × 109/L (500/μL). Expression was detected in all lineages, with long-term marking levels in granulocytes at approximately 20% to 30%, and in lymphocytes at approximately 12% to 23%. All animals had polyclonal engraftment as determined by analysis of vector integration sites. These data suggest that lentiviral vectors should be highly effective for HSC gene therapy, particularly for diseases in which maintaining the engraftment potential of stem cells using short-term ex vivo transduction protocols is critical.
Generation of functional platelets from human embryonic stem cells in vitro via ES-sacs, VEGF-promoted structures that concentrate hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Takayama Naoya , Nishikii Hidekazu , Usui Joichi , Tsukui Hiroko , Sawaguchi Akira , Hiroyama Takashi , Eto Koji , Nakauchi Hiromitsu
Published: April 2008

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could potentially represent an alternative source for blood transfusion therapies and a promising tool for studying the ontogeny of hematopoiesis. When we cultured hESCs on either C3H10T1/2 or OP-9 cells to facilitate hematopoiesis, we found that exogenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor promoted the emergence of sac-like structures, which we named embryonic stem cell–derived sacs (ES-sacs). These ES-sacs consisted of multiple cysts demarcated by cellular monolayers that retained some of the properties of endothelial cells. The spherical cells inside ES-sacs expressed primarily CD34, along with VE-cadherin, CD31, CD41a, and CD45, and were able to form hematopoietic colonies in semisolid culture and to differentiate into mature megakaryocytes by day 24 in the presence of thrombopoietin. Apparently, ES-sacs provide a suitable environment for hematopoietic progenitors. Relatively large numbers of mature megakaryocytes could be induced from the hematopoietic progenitors within ES-sacs, which were then able to release platelets that displayed integrin αIIbβ3 activation and spreading in response to ADP or thrombin. This novel protocol thus provides a means of generating platelets from hESCs, which could serve as the basis for efficient production of platelets for clinical transfusion and studies of thrombopoiesis.
First clinical use of ofatumumab, a novel fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: results of a phase 1/2 trial
Authors: Hagenbeek Anton , Gadeberg Ole , Johnson Peter , Møller Pedersen Lars , Walewski Jan , Hellmann Andrzej , Link Brian K. , Robak Tadeusz , Wojtukiewicz Marek , Pfreundschuh Michael , Kneba Michael , Engert Andreas , Sonneveld Pieter , Flensburg Mimi , Petersen Jørgen , Losic Nedjad , Radford John
Published: April 2008

Ofatumumab is a unique monoclonal antibody that targets a distinct small loop epitope on the CD20 molecule. Preclinical data show that ofatumumab is active against B-cell lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with low CD20-antigen density and high expression of complement inhibitory molecules. In a phase 1/2 trial evaluating safety and efficacy of ofatumumab in relapsed or refractory follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL) grade 1 or 2, 4 dose groups of 10 patients received 4 weekly infusions of 300, 500, 700, or 1000 mg. Patients had a median of 2 prior FL therapies and 13% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase. No safety concerns or maximum tolerated dose was identified. A total of 274 adverse events were reported; 190 were judged related to ofatumumab, most occurring on the first infusion day with Common Terminology Criteria grade 1 or 2. Eight related events were grade 3. Treatment caused immediate and profound B-cell depletion, and 65% of patients reverted to negative BCL2 status. Clinical response rates ranged from 20% to 63%. Median time to progression for all patients/responders was 8.8/32.6 months, and median duration of response was 29.9 months at a median/maximum follow-up of 9.2/38.6 months. Ofatumumab is currently being evaluated in patients with rituximab-refractory FL. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00092274.
Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relationship to other prognostic factors: a Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Borowitz Michael J. , Devidas Meenakshi , Hunger Stephen P. , Bowman W. Paul , Carroll Andrew J. , Carroll William L. , Linda Stephen , Martin Paul L. , Pullen D. Jeanette , Viswanatha David , Willman Cheryl L. , Winick Naomi , Camitta Bruce M.
Published: April 2008

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is an important predictor of relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but its relationship to other prognostic variables has not been fully assessed. The Children's Oncology Group studied the prognostic impact of MRD measured by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood at day 8, and in end-induction (day 29) and end-consolidation marrows in 2143 children with precursor B-cell ALL (B-ALL). The presence of MRD in day-8 blood and day-29 marrow MRD was associated with shorter event-free survival (EFS) in all risk groups; even patients with 0.01% to 0.1% day-29 MRD had poor outcome compared with patients negative for MRD patients (59% ± 5% vs 88% ± 1% 5-year EFS). Presence of good prognostic markers TEL-AML1 or trisomies of chromosomes 4 and 10 still provided additional prognostic information, but not in National Cancer Insitute high-risk (NCI HR) patients who were MRD+. The few patients with detectable MRD at end of consolidation fared especially poorly, with only a 43% plus or minus 7% 5-year EFS. Day-29 marrow MRD was the most important prognostic variable in multi-variate analysis. The 12% of patients with all favorable risk factors, including NCI risk group, genetics, and absence of days 8 and 29 MRD, had a 97% plus or minus 1% 5-year EFS with nonintensive therapy. These studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005585, NCT00005596, and NCT00005603.
Multidimensional scaling for large genomic data sets
Authors: Tzeng Jengnan , Lu Henry Horng-Shing , Li Wen-Hsiung
Published: April 2008

Background

Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) is aimed to represent high dimensional data in a low dimensional space with preservation of the similarities between data points. This reduction in dimensionality is crucial for analyzing and revealing the genuine structure hidden in the data. For noisy data, dimension reduction can effectively reduce the effect of noise on the embedded structure. For large data set, dimension reduction can effectively reduce information retrieval complexity. Thus, MDS techniques are used in many applications of data mining and gene network research. However, although there have been a number of studies that applied MDS techniques to genomics research, the number of analyzed data points was restricted by the high computational complexity of MDS. In general, a non-metric MDS method is faster than a metric MDS, but it does not preserve the true relationships. The computational complexity of most metric MDS methods is over O(N
2
), so that it is difficult to process a data set of a large number of genes N, such as in the case of whole genome microarray data.

Results

We developed a new rapid metric MDS method with a low computational complexity, making metric MDS applicable for large data sets. Computer simulation showed that the new method of split-and-combine MDS (SC-MDS) is fast, accurate and efficient. Our empirical studies using microarray data on the yeast cell cycle showed that the performance of K-means in the reduced dimensional space is similar to or slightly better than that of K-means in the original space, but about three times faster to obtain the clustering results. Our clustering results using SC-MDS are more stable than those in the original space. Hence, the proposed SC-MDS is useful for analyzing whole genome data.

Conclusion

Our new method reduces the computational complexity from O(N
3) to O(N) when the dimension of the feature space is far less than the number of genes N, and it successfully reconstructs the low dimensional representation as does the classical MDS. Its performance depends on the grouping method and the minimal number of the intersection points between groups. Feasible methods for grouping methods are suggested; each group must contain both neighboring and far apart data points. Our method can represent high dimensional large data set in a low dimensional space not only efficiently but also effectively.