bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contents of Online Materials
Authors: Clark Andrew E. , Flèche Sarah , Layard Richard , Powdthavee Nattavudh , Ward George
Published: May 2020

Available at http://cep.lse.ac.uk/origins/onlinematerial.pdf

• Descriptive Statistics (e.g., Table D1) Means, SDs, and Correlations

• Full Tables—numbered as in text

• Additional Tables and Figures (e.g., Table A1.1)

• Annexes

1 Interpreting the statistics

2 Income and well-being. Others’ findings.

3a Education and well-being. Others’ findings....
Introduction
Authors: Cameron Averil
Published: May 2020

This introductory chapter discusses how interpretations of Byzantium have been and still are heavily influenced by later cultural and national agendas. Religion is a central issue in relation to Byzantium. Few historians of the west feel confident when faced with the subject of Byzantine Orthodoxy and many prefer to relegate it to a separate sphere. The increased salience of the idea of a Christian Europe, or indeed a western world, confronted by radical Islam only adds to the discomfort surrounding Byzantium and the Orthodox sphere. Moreover, it does not help in resolving the uncertainty over Byzantium's place in historical writing today that so much of the contemporary written source material is the work of a privileged elite, or that so much Byzantine art is religious in character. Byzantium is not merely medieval but also deeply unfamiliar. Thus, valiant efforts are needed to recapture the world of Byzantine society as a whole, and to reveal and emphasize the secular element that also existed in Byzantium. This book then highlights some of the interesting questions that arise if one tries to understand Byzantium and its society.
Foreign Aid in Comparative-Historical Perspective
Authors: Chorev Nitsan
Published: May 2020

This introductory chapter provides a background of pharmaceutical markets in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda, which were dominated by western pharmaceutical companies from colonial times until the 1990s. Nevertheless, local pharmaceutical firms also existed. The experience of local pharmaceutical firms in all three countries included two distinct phases: emergence in the 1980s–1990s and upgrading in the 2000s–2010s. Both phases revealed the role of foreign aid within a particular local context in these firms’ trajectories. The chapter continues that the book identifies the kind of foreign aid that could advance development in recipient countries by examining, in particular, the case of local industrial production. Based on the experiences of pharmaceutical firms in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda since the 1980s, it argues that foreign aid could support the emergence and upgrading of local industry—including the production of more complex products and the pursuit of higher manufacturing standards—when it provides three resources: markets, monitoring, and mentoring.
Tanzania in the 1980s
Authors: Chorev Nitsan
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the limited growth of the local pharmaceutical sector in Tanzania, compared to Kenya. Tanzania, too, relied on a ration kits program funded by donors, but development agencies rejected suggestions for a local component for ration kits, and donors offered only limited support—in the form of raw materials—to state-owned pharmaceutical enterprises. Without a domestic component, the ration kits turned from a potential facilitator of local pharmaceutical production, as was the case in Kenya, into a factor undermining it. Limiting domestic opportunities in the context of a socialist economy further inhibited the emergence of privately owned pharmaceutical factories. Nevertheless, a number of private companies did open, and their trajectories again illustrate the role education and ties abroad could play in the creation of a private sector in a context in which technical skills were not available locally.
Kenya in the 2000s
Authors: Chorev Nitsan
Published: May 2020

This chapter looks at the conditions that led pharmaceutical manufacturers in Kenya to invest in the production of a broader range of drugs, and to improve quality standards beyond what was required by local regulations. It begins with the contentious negotiations over Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which resulted in donors providing to some developing countries not only markets, as they did in the 1980s, but also monitoring and mentoring. In Kenya, a new market of interest to local manufacturers, for anti-AIDS and antimalarial drugs, was created when the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria—among other donors—did not a priori exclude local manufacturers from tenders. To participate in these tenders, however, drugs manufacturers had to receive WHO prequalification (PQ) confirming that their drugs were produced following international, rather than only local, quality standards. This monitoring gave local producers an incentive to improve their manufacturing practices. In turn, development agencies offered training and other forms of mentoring—giving local producers the means to learn how to produce drugs following these higher quality standards.
Acoustic Space, Modern Interiority, and Korngold’s Cities
Authors: Lee Sherry , Menicanin Sadie
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers Erich Korngold's multifaceted creative engagement with the delineation of distinctive acoustic spaces. It describes an “Age of Noise” in Vienna, within a modernizing environment which would influence a young Korngold. Indeed, Korngold lived his whole life in modern urban environments. His aesthetic output, and indeed, the listening experience of his audiences who lived and heard within those same spaces, have been shaped in many ways by the conditions of twentieth-century metropolitan life in all its acoustic complexity. This facet of Korngold's world, the inevitable resonance of sonic modernity within the spaces of modern identity, compounds the critical challenge to both the composer's own ostensible naïveté and his music's apparent political neutrality.
“Give up your plans of coming home”: Letters of a Viennese Father to His Son
Authors: Korngold Julius , Gilliam Bryan
Published: May 2020

This chapter presents some correspondence between Erich Korngold and his father, Julius. These letters reflect a tumultuous, even dangerous time for Erich and his extended family. The famed Viennese opera composer had had a prestigious career on the international musical stage with such works as Der Ring des Polykrates and Violanta (both 1916), which premiered in Munich when he was only nineteen years old. Die tote Stadt was so highly anticipated that it received an unusual double premiere in Hamburg and Cologne on December 4, 1920; the Vienna premiere followed shortly thereafter, with Richard Strauss congratulating the composer backstage after each act. And yet, as the chapter shows, Adolf Hitler cast a large shadow over Austria in the early 1930s, and Julius repeatedly urged his son to remain in the United States.
Climate change and its effects on agricultural production in Finland – research efforts during the past 50 years
Authors: Hakala Kaija
Published: May 2020

Climate change has concerned the scientific community since the 1970´s, stimulating research into its impacts, adaptation and mitigation. In 1988 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to coordinate the research. The first scientific publications on the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland appeared in the early 1980´s. After the launch of the Finnish Research Program on Climate Change (SILMU) in 1990, the number of climate-related projects and publications, and the input of Finnish researchers in the work of the IPCC started to increase. During the subsequent programs, the initial optimism about future crop production conditions changed into an awareness of the threats represented by climate change. Diversity of production and breeding of heat and flooding tolerant, disease resistant and nutrient-use efficient crop varieties were identified as being crucial for adaptation of agriculture. Efficient water management, measures to limit nutrient leaching and timely control of pests and pathogens are also crucial adaptation measures. Carbon storage in soils and biomass and reduced use of organic fields are suggested to be mitigation measures. By 2019, the awareness of the threats of climate change prompted citizens worldwide to demand action, and government programs have begun to include policies addressing reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Опыт хирургического лечения фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с пороком митрального клапана, осложненным высокой легочной гипертензией
Authors: Trofimov N.A. , Medvedev A.P. , Babokin E.V. , Nikol`skii A.V. , Sobolev IU.A. , Kashin V.IU. , Davydenko M.V.
Published: May 2020

Цель исследования проанализировать результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с митральными пороками, осложненными фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) и высокой легочной гипертензией, выявить основные предикторы рецидива ФП, а также оценить эффективность превентивного использования амиодарона у данной группы больных. Материал и методы. Проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 151 пациента с митральным пороком, сопутствующей ФП и высокой легочной гипертензией (более 40 мм рт. ст.), которым в условиях искусственного кровообращения выполнена коррекция клапанной патологии (контрольная группа, n62) и хирургическое лечение митрального порока в сочетании с оперативным лечением ФП (основная группа, n89) посредством выполнения процедуры Maze-IV с использованием радиочастотного деструктора под контролем трансмуральности в период с 2015 по 2017 гг. Результаты. Исследование показало эффективность процедуры Maze-IV на уровне 66 через 2 года у пациентов с митральным пороком, ФП и высокой легочной гипертензией. Также не выявлено значимого влияния хирургического лечения ФП на снижение легочной гипертензии в послеоперационном периоде. Анализ случаев рецидива ФП позволил выявить неблагоприятные предикторы исходную дилатацию левого предсердия и давность аритмического анамнеза, что необходимо учитывать при планировании у таких пациентов хирургической коррекции. Заключение. Радиочастотная аблация предсердий по схеме Maze-IV является эффективным и безопасным способом хирургической коррекции ФП у пациентов с пороками митрального клапана и высокой легочной гипертензией, позволяет сохранить синусовый ритм у66 пациентов в послеоперационном периоде при наблюдении в течение 2 лет. Хирургическое лечение ФП не оказывает значительного влияния на снижение легочной гипертензии у пациентов с пороком митрального клапана, осложненным ФП и высокой легочной гипертензией. Наличие высокой легочной гипертензии значительно ухудшает результаты хирургического лечения ФП у пациентов с митральными пороками (p-0,041) и сохраняется на высоком уровне после изолированной коррекции клапанной патологии, что требует дополнительного специфического лечения. Предикторами рецидива ФП после процедуры Maze-IV являются исходная дилатация полости левого предсердия более 5,5 см (р20,001) и давность аритмического анамнеза более 2 лет (р20,001).
Влияние ингаляционной и эпидуральной анестезии на развитие осложнений после аортокоронарного шунтирования
Authors: Volchkov V.A. , Boiarkin A.A. , Balandina E.V. , Pushkin A.S. , Kovalev S.V.
Published: May 2020

Введение.Несмотря на успешное развитие кардиоанестезиологии, в настоящее время нет единого мнения о предпочтительной методике анестезиологического пособия при аортокоронарном шунтировании. Цель исследования сравнение влияния ингаляционной и грудной эпидуральной анестезии на развитие послеоперационных осложнений при аортокоронарном шунтировании. Материал и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование 389 историй болезни пациентов, оперированных на базе кардиохирургического центра ГМПБ 2 за 20172018 гг. Пациенты были разделены на две группы в зависимости от вида проведенной анестезии. Оценивали показатели преднагрузки, гидробаланса, дозировки использованной катехоламиновой поддержки, уровень тропонина I и натрийуретического пептида типа В (BNP), баллы по шкалам Nursing Delirium screening Scale и Self Administrated Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE). Была проанализирована частота послеоперационных осложнений, а также длительность пребывания в стационаре. Результаты. Инотропная поддержка в группе ингаляционной анестезии применялась реже, чем в группе эпидуральной анестезии (99,5 и 83,0 соответственно, p0,01). Повышение уровня тропонина I и BNP не зависит от вида анестезиологического пособия (1500 и 1600 пг/мл, 295 и 306 пг/мл соответственно, p0,05). Выраженное снижение когнитивной функции наблюдалось в группе ингаляционной анестезии при операциях в условиях искусственного кровообращения: 19,5 (17 21) и 16,0 (14 20) баллов по шкале SAGE соответственно (p0,05). Заключение. Исходы оперативного вмешательства не зависели от вида проведенного анестезиологического пособия. Обе методики анестезиологического обеспечения могут успешно использоваться при операциях аортокоронарного шунтирования. Эпидуральная анестезия у пациентов, оперированных в условиях искусственного кровообращения, оказывает меньшее влияние на развитие нарушений высших психических функций в послеоперационном периоде у больных, перенесших аортокоронарное шунтирование.
Результаты научной, лечебной и организационной деятельности за 2019 год Национального медицинского исследовательского центра сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева Минздрава России
Authors: Bokeriia L.A.
Published: May 2020

В обзоре отражены наиболее важные и значимые события в жизни НМИЦССХ им. А.Н. Баку- лева, представлены результаты научных исследований, проводимых по 63 комплексным темам в рамках 13 целевых исследовательских программ в 2019 г. Осуществлен анализ эффективности внедрения новых методов диагностики и лечения в клиническую практику. Дана оценка деятельности структурных подразделений Центра по разработке высокотехнологичных методов диагностики и лечения, созданию новейших биологических протезов и других материалов для сердечно-сосудистой хирургии. Проанализированы ближайшие и отдаленные результаты хирур- гических и эндоваскулярных вмешательств при различных сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях у взрослых и детей, включая новорожденных.
РЕНТГЕНОВСКАЯ ДИФРАКЦИОННАЯ ТОПОГРАФИЯ (ОБЗОР)
Authors: Лидер Валентин
Published: May 2020

В обзоре описаны различные рентгенотопографические методы визуализации дефектов кристаллической решетки, рассмотрены вопросы формирования дифракционного контраста, а также приведены примеры использования рентгеновской топографии для изучения структурных дефектов различных кристаллических объектов.
A LINEAR INVARIANT OF A MATRIX RING OF SIZE TWO OVER A POLYNOMIAL RING
Authors: Roman’kov Vitalii Anatolievich
Published: May 2020

We consider a matrix ring of order two over a ring of polynomials in two variables
with coefficients from a commutative associative integrity domain with unity. A linear mapping of this ring into the polynomial ring is presented, depending on a matrix of a special
form, whose square is zero matrix. The value of this map is invariant with respect to conjugation by an invertible matrix of elements of the ring, including the matrix by which the map
is constructed. The properties of the mapping thus obtained are described.
defensa de los recursos forestales: el movimiento social en la comunidad de Cherán, Michoacán, México
Authors: Cruz Coria Erika , Zizumbo Villarreal Lilia , Velázquez Castro Judith Alejandra
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la estructura organizativa del movimiento social (MS) emprendido por la comunidad de Cherán, Michoacán, para la defensa de sus recursos forestales ante el saqueo orquestado por talamontes vinculados con la delincuencia organizada. Este movimiento fue analizado a la luz de la teoría de movilización de recursos (TMR). Para la recolección de datos, se aplicaron cuarenta entrevistas semiestructuradas a miembros de las organizaciones y otros actores que participaron en el movimiento. La formalización de las estructuras tradicionales de organización y la movilización del derecho fueron las dos fuerzas principales que dieron lugar al reconocimiento a la libre determinación de esta comunidad.
Polí­ticas sociales y desigualdades en salud: un panorama sobre las personas mayores en el Gran Buenos Aires
Authors: Findling Liliana , López Elsa , Cirino Estefanía
Published: May 2020

La población argentina muestra un creciente envejecimiento desde los años 70 del siglo pasado con repercusiones en la vida cotidiana a nivel individual, familiar y social. Si bien el paí­s posee una elevada cobertura previsional (90%), existen notorias heterogeneidades en el acceso a la salud y en la percepción de haberes jubilatorios entre los hogares de diversos niveles socioeconómicos. Este artí­culo propone los siguientes objetivos: describir las polí­ticas de protección social y de salud destinadas a las personas de 60 años o más que residen en el Gran Buenos Aires en el periodo 2013-2019, y analizar dimensiones referidas a su situación de salud. La metodologí­a se basó en fuentes de información secundarias (leyes y decretos y análisis de encuestas de población). El análisis de los datos permitió identificar desigualdades según jurisdicción, sexo, edad, nivel educativo, de ingresos y trayectoria laboral de las personas mayores. Las transformaciones ocurridas desde 2016 en el ámbito de la protección social muestran una retracción del Estado en su responsabilidad sobre el riesgo social y revelan desconocimiento acerca del impacto del envejecimiento demográfico así­ como de las necesidades de las personas mayores.
Notas sobre la gestación de una sociologí­a de la atención médica de embarazos y partos
Authors: Castrillo Belén
Published: May 2020

La presente es una nota de investigación que reconstruye algunos de los resultados de una tesis doctoral en ciencias sociales sobre atención médica de embarazos y partos en la ciudad de La Plata entre 2013 y 2019. En particular, se repone una lectura de los resultados en tres niveles: a nivel macro (los procesos sociales estructurales que atraviesan los modelos de atención obstétrica), a nivel meso (las prerrogativas institucionales tensionando los derechos de las usuarias) y a nivel micro (las experiencias de mujeres-madres, varones-padres y profesionales de la salud sobre la atención de nacimientos para el caso de estudio).
Beliera, Anabel Angélica (2019). Lo sindical en su multiplicidad. Trabajo, profesiones y afectos en el hospital
Authors: Malleville Sofia
Published: May 2020

Revisión del libro Lo sindical en su multiplicidad. Trabajo, profesiones y afectos en el hospital de A. A. Beliera
Ministerio Público de la Defensa de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (2017). La revolución de las mariposas. A diez años de La gesta del nombre propio
Authors: Romero Marchesini Natalia
Published: May 2020

Revisión del libro La revolución de las mariposas. A diez años de La gesta del nombre propio del Ministerio Público de la Defensa de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Los trabajos y los meses. Calcos medievales en los pasillos de la Facultad de Artes
Authors: Vernieri Julieta Z. , Andruchow Marcela , Disalvo Luis
Published: May 2020

Sin duda el significado de las obras de arte ha sido siempre un desafío para los historiadores del arte. Vislumbrar la mentalidad de los hombres que produjeron las obras del pasado, poder aproximarnos a su verdadero y original significado, requiere de un profundo conocimiento tanto del contexto histórico, económico y social como de las creencias, ideas, etcétera de la sociedad que las produjo. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer un resumen de las interpretaciones iconológicas disponibles en la bibliografía, acerca de la iconografía que tematizan tres piezas de la colección de calcos de la Facultad de Artes (FDA) de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) en función de ajustar las atribuciones existentes.
Left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with atrial fibrillation and large prevalence of prior intracranial bleeding
Authors: Barocelli Federico , Coli Stefano , Crocamo Antonio , Guidorossi Angela , Cattabiani Maria A. , Preti Francesca , Bosi Davide , Spaziani Cristina , Lina Daniela , Menozzi Alberto , Solinas Emilia , Pelà Giovanna , Vignali Luigi
Published: May 2020

Background

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) represents an alternative approach for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and contraindication for oral anticoagulation (OAC). The aim of our study was to analyse the outcomes in patients treated with LAAO, with a focus on cases with previous intracranial bleeding.

Methods

Sixty patients with NVAF underwent LAAO (75.4 ± 9 years); mean CHA2DS2-VASc was 4.4 ± 1.7, mean HAS-BLED 3.2 ± 0.9. Thirty-two patients (53.3%) reported previous intracranial bleeding. Ischaemic and bleeding events recorded during follow-up were compared with expected event rates according to CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores.

Results

Device implantation was successful in 58 patients (96.7%). The antiplatelet therapy was tailored according to patients’ bleeding risk. During follow-up (2.32 ± 1.5 years) 3 ischaemic strokes and 1 transient ischaemic attack occurred, versus 13 total expected thromboembolic events (P = 0.033); 5 major bleedings were observed, versus 7 expected ones, if the patients were under OAC. Considering the combined endpoint (thromboembolic and major bleeding events) 9 events were observed versus 20 expected major events (P = 0.031). In the prespecified subgroup of patients with previous intracranial bleeding, two ischaemic strokes and one transient ischaemic attack were observed during follow-up versus six total expected thromboembolic events; no intracranial bleeding recurrence was recorded. Regarding the combined endpoint four major events were recorded versus nine expected ones.

Conclusion

LAAO is an efficient and safe option for the prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with NVAF, high thromboembolic risk and contraindication to OAC, particularly in patients with previous intracranial bleeding.
OpenMP Performance in Numerical Simulation of Dambreak Problem Using Shallow Water Equations
Authors: Gunawan Dr. Putu Harry
Published: May 2020

Numerical simulation of water surface waves is widely used to describe water flow and its impact for human life. For instance, numerical simulation of waves is elaborated to simulate Tsunami as an early warning system. Using numerical approach, the study of water flow will reduce cost and save time compared with the conventional approach (in laboratory). Shallow water equations (SWE) is one of the mathematical models which can be used to describe water flow. In numerical simulation of SWE, finite volume method is a robust method to approximate SWE. The result using numerical approach depends on the number of grids. High number of grids then smooth solution can be obtained. However, increasing number of grids leads to the increasing of computational cost. In this paper, parallel computing using OpenMP platform is given in order to reduce computational cost of numerical simulation. In parallel computing performances, Speedup andEfficiency of numerical simulation using 6400 grids points are obtained 4 times and 51% respectively.Moreover, by several numbers of cores from 2 to 8, CPU time of parallel computing is shown decreasing along the increasing number of computer cores.
НА КРЫЛЬЯХ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРАВОВЕДЕНИЯ:
ОБЗОР МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СИМПОЗИУМА «РАЗВИТИЕ
И УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА
В КИТАЕ И РОССИИ»
Authors: Kvasnikova Tatyana V. , Sonin Vadim V.
Published: May 2020

Освещается значимое мероприятие для юристов двух стран – Китая и России. Представлены участники симпозиума – научно-образовательные, экспертные и др. организации, обозначены проблемы совершенствования законодательства, юридической теории и практики, освещена работа секций, названы имена докладчиков из России и Китая.

A significant event for the lawyers of two countries – China and Russia is highlighted. Among the participants of the symposium there are research, educational, expert and other organizations; the problems of improving legislation, legal theory and practice are outlined, the work of the sections is highlighted, the names of speakers from Russia and China are presented.
Pengaruh Perceived Quality Terhadap Customer Loyalty dengan Perceived Risk dan Customer Trust Sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada PT. XYZ
Authors: Heriyanto Edrick , Susanto Eko Harry
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of perceived quality toward customer loyalty which is mediated by perceived risk and customer trust for PT. XYZ that engaged in chemistry. There are four variables perceived quality as the independent variable, customer loyalty as the dependent variable, and perceived risk and customer trust as mediating variable. The sample was determined by purposive sampling method, the questionnaire was well-collected and was used in data processing using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with Smart PLS 3.0 program. This analysis was conducted on 115 respondents as customer of PT. XYZ. Based on the result of the study, it was found that perceived quality, perceived risk, and customer trust have influence towards customer loyalty, perceived quality have influence towards perceived risk and customer trust, perceived quality had an indirect effect on customer loyalty via perceived risk and customer trust.
International Framework for Red Flags for Potential Serious Spinal Pathologies
Authors: Finucane Laura M. , Downie Aron , Mercer Christopher , Greenhalgh Susan M. , Boissonnault William G. , Pool-Goudzwaard Annelies L. , Beneciuk Jason M. , Leech Rachel L. , Selfe James
Published: May 2020

Synopsis

The International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) led the development of a framework to help clinicians assess and manage people who may have serious spinal pathology. While rare, serious spinal pathology can have devastating and life-changing or life-limiting consequences, and must be identified early and managed appropriately. Red flags (signs and symptoms that might raise suspicion of serious spinal pathology) have historically been used by clinicians to identify serious spinal pathology. Currently, there is an absence of high-quality evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of most red flags. This framework is intended to provide a clinical-reasoning pathway to clarify the role of red flags. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(7):350–372. Epub 21 May 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9971
Representações sociais de violência no namoro em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Herculan Maria Aparecida Feitosa Candido , De Sousa Allex Alves Sobral , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Gurgel Lucineide Coqueiro , Cordeiro Abigail de Almeida , De Lima Maria Naelê Cândido Feitoza , Pimentel Maria Zildanê Cândido Feitoza , Herculano Georgia Maria Cândido , De Santana Willma José , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Constatar através de uma revisão a existência de violência nas relações de namoro vivenciadas por jovens. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com abordagem quantitativa. O período de busca e seleção dos artigos foi entre novembro e dezembro de 2019. Consultas foram realizadas nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS e SCIELO, por meio dos descritores “Adolescentes”, “Violência” e “Sexualidade” cadastrados em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). A seleção respeitou critérios de inclusão/exclusão dos artigos disponíveis de forma completa e gratuita, entre os anos de 2013 a 2017, no idioma português. Resultados: Foram encontrados 24.408 artigos dos quais após leitura minuciosa selecionou-se 6 artigos por cumprirem os critérios estabelecidos no estudo. Os resultados evidenciaram que pessoas do sexo masculino são as mais vitimizadas quando se trata da violência nas relações de namoro. Mostrou ainda que jovens do sexo masculino também já aparecem como vítimas desta violência; e que a violência psicológica supera os casos de violência física. Considerações Finais: A violência durante a face do namoro entre os adolescentes é um problema pouco trabalhado e divulgado no nosso país, perante esta situação, ações educativas de combate à violência no namorodevem ser adotadas como forma de prevenção a este problema.
Percepção dos idosos institucionalizados acerca da qualidade de vida
Authors: Souza Francisco Jânio Marinho de , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Sousa Allex Alves Sobral de , Gurgel Lucineide Coqueiro , Marques Cícera Leice Silva , Alves Janaina Brito , Herculano Maria Aparecida Feitosa Candido , Brito Eulina Alves Sousa , Santana Willma José de , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: A pesquisa em foco teve como objetivo avaliar os aspectos relacionados com a qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados na cidade do Crato no estado do Ceará. Métodos: O presente estudo teve caráter exploratório, descritivo e abordagem qualitativa. Traçou-se o perfil sócio demográfico e cultural; identificou-se a importância dos profissionais das Instituições de Longa Permanência para a pessoa Idosa (ILPI) e, a percepção à cerca da qualidade de vida em uma instituição. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista semiestruturada, onde abordou-se o envelhecimento associado à qualidade de vida na instituição. Resultados: A amostra para o estudo contou com 13 idosos, todas do sexo feminino e com idade entre 70 e 80 anos. Foram organizadas em quatro categorias: 1) alterações morfofuncionais; 2) participação em eventos de lazer; 3) assistência profissional; e 4) qualidade de vida na ILPI. O processo de envelhecimento influencia no desenvolvimento de alterações que podem impactar de maneira importante na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Conclusão: Compreendeu-se que, mesmo frente a determinadas limitações causadas pelo aumento dos anos, as pesquisadas percebem a qualidade de vida na ILPI de forma positiva em todos os aspectos, que começou com a acolhida e continua no cotidiano da instituição.
Agriculture in a digital era: threats and solutions
Authors: Godin V. V. , Belousova M. N. , Belousov V. A. , Terekhova A. Е.
Published: May 2020

The need for digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is obvious – implementation of digital economy principles will create an institutional environment that meets modern realities and allows to generally improve production efficiency. Foreign experience of agriculture digitalization in the USA, Germany, Switzerland, and Ireland has been analysed in the article. Main technologies used for agro-industrial complex digitalization have been described. Advantages and potential of the smart farming implementation to control the accuracy of fertilizer application, prediction of adverse environmental events, quality improve of growing products and more open interaction between farmers and consumers, resource costs reduction and increase of farms profitability have been considered. Opportunities and obstacles for implementing technologies of the state project “Digital Agriculture” have been evaluated: big data, blockchain, smart farming, quantum technologies, Internet of things, robotics, wireless communications, virtual and augmented realities. Ingeneral the main obstacles are related to high cost of introducing new technologies, lack of necessary knowledge among farmers, lack of legal framework and standards, and lack of information and software protection mechanism. Barriers and their potential solutions in the process of agriculture digitalization in Russia have been defined in the article. Main solutions to overcome the barriers described include: favorable regulatory environment for digital agriculture development, information and economic security of agricultural producers, nationwide information and communication infrastructure for the industry (including provision of public services on the basis of a single cloud platform), necessary training for “intellectual” agriculture, implementation of digital technologies in related industries, development of the agricultural digital enterprise concept and the way of its implementation.
Organocatalytic Trapping of Elusive Carbon Dioxide based Heterocycles through a Kinetically Controlled Cascade Process
Authors: Qiao Chang , Villar-Yanez Alba , Sprachmann Josefine , Limburg Bart , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan. W.
Published: May 2020

A conceptually novel approach is described for thesynthesis of larger-ring cyclic carbonates derived from carbon dioxide. The approach utilizes homoallylic precursors that are converted into five-membered cyclic carbonates having a beta-positioned alcohol group in one of the ring substituents. The activation of the pendent alcohol group through an N-heterocyclic base allows for equilibration towards a thermodynamically disfavored six-membered carbonate analogue that can be conveniently trapped by an acylation agent. Various control experiments and computational analysis of this manifold are in line with a process that is primarily dictated by a kinetically controlled acylation step. This cascade process delivers an ample diversity of novel six-membered cyclic carbonates in excellent yields and chemoselectivities under remarkably mild reaction conditions. This newly developed protocol helps to expand the repertoire of CO2-based heterocycles that are otherwise difficult to generate by conventional approaches.
Simulating Chalcogen Bonding Using Molecular Mechanics: A Pseudoatom Approach to Model Ebselen.
Authors: Fellowes Thomas , WHITE JONATHAN
Published: May 2020

The organoselenium compound ebselen has recently been investigated as a treatment for COVID-19, however

efforts to model ebselen in silico have been hampered by the lack of a efficient and accurate method to assess

its binding to biological macromolecules. We present here a Generalized Amber Force Field modification which

incorporates classical parameters for the selenium atom in ebselen, as well as a positively charged pseudoatom to

simulate the sigma?-hole, a quantum mechanical phenomenon that dominates the chemistry of ebselen. Our approach

is justified using an energy decomposition analysis of a number DFT optimised structures, which shows that the

?sigma-hole interaction is primarily electrostatic in origin. Finally, our model is verified by conducting MD simulations

on a number of simple complexes, as well the clinically relevant SOD1, which is known to bind to ebselen.
Thermodynamics Control Reactivity of Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Styrene Hetero- and Homodimerization Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Hussein Aqeel A. , Al-Yasari Ahmed , Ma Yumaio
Published: May 2020

A mechanistic insight into the hetero- and homodimerizations (HETD and HOMD) of styrenes promoted by hypervalent iodine reagents (HVIRs; DMP and PIDA) and facilitated by HFIP to yield all trans cyclobutanes is reported using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The HFIP molecules lower the energy of the single electron oxidation (SEO) or initiation as a result of strong hydrogen bonding interactions that substantially stabilize the frontier orbitals before and after electron addition. The HETD or HOMD is a radically-characterized π-π stacked head-to-head stepwise [2+2] cycloaddition initiated via SEO by DMP or PIDA, respectively. DFT results supported by quasiclassical molecular dynamics simulations show that HOMD is a competing pathway to HETD although the latter is relatively faster, in accordance with experimental observations. The initiation is a rate-determining step as a thermodynamically endergonic and propagation is accomplished by radically-cationic hetero- and homodimerized intermediate as propagation is faster than single electron reduction (SER) or termination by radically-anionic HVIRs. Initiation by DMP found to be faster and less endergonic than by PIDA due to (1) the energy gap of electron transfer in a SEO step by I(V) is lower than I(III) and (2) the SOMO energy of the radical anion I(V) is lower than I(III). Furthermore, the presence of p-methoxy group is essential to underpin the SEO by which the more thermodynamically favorable SEO leads to a successful cycloaddition as the thermodynamic term represents a major contribution in the initiative barrier.
Ethanol Dehydration over Hybrid Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Catalysts Obtained in One Pot by Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel
Authors: Styskalik Ales , Kordoghli Imène , Poleunis Claude , Delcorte Arnaud , Moravec Zdenek , Simonikova Lucie , Kanický Viktor , Aprile Carmela , Fusaro Luca , Debecker Damien
Published: May 2020

Ethanol dehydration is effectively catalyzed by solid acids, such as HZSM-5, alumina, or silica-alumina. In these catalysts, the amount, nature, and strength of acid sites is believed to determine catalyst activity and stability. However, surface hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity can be suggested as another decisive catalyst property that can directly influence performance. For example, a more hydrophobic surface might be beneficial in repelling the co-product of the reaction, water. However, these aspects have been studied only scarcely in the context of alcohol dehydration. Here, a series of mesoporous hybrid aluminosilicate catalysts containing CH3Si groups was prepared in one pot by non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG). The presence of the methyl groups was verified by IR, solid-state NMR, and ToF-SIMS. Aluminum is mostly incorporated in tetrahedral coordination in the hybrid silica matrix. Two parameters were varied: (i) the Si:Al ratio and (ii) the Si:MeSi ratio. On the one hand, changing the Si:Al ratio had a marked impact on hydrophilicity, as attested by water sorption measurements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, the introduction of methyl groups had no clear influence on sample hydrophilicity. Nevertheless, some of the methylated aluminosilicate catalysts markedly outperformed the purely inorganic catalysts and a commercial silica-alumina benchmark. While a direct influence of surface hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity could be excluded, characterization of acidity (IR-pyridine) revealed that these improved performances are correlated with a modification of the acidic properties in the hybrid catalysts caused by the presence of methyl groups. A decisive role of acidity in ethanol dehydration was confirmed by an experiment with delayed addition of the Al precursor in the NHSG synthesis. This led to a higher Al surface concentration, marked acid sites number increase, and better catalytic performance, even competing with HZSM-5 in terms of activity.
Oxygen Redox Activity in Cathodes – a Common Phenomenon Calling for Density-Based Descriptors
Authors: Koch Daniel , Manzhos Sergei
Published: May 2020

Lithium-excess transition metal oxide materials are promising cathode candidates for future secondary batteries due to their relatively high energy density, which is commonly related to redox-active oxygen centers. First-principle computations are crucial for the understanding of the underlying redox mechanism in these compounds, with plane-wave density functional theory being the most frequently used setup. An important tool for the assignment of the redox-active species is the projected density of states, although the atomic contributions postulated this way do not strictly correspond to any observable physical quantity. By directly analyzing the computed real-space charge density changes, on the other hand, oxygen redox activity can be found to be substantial in most transition metal oxide compounds, although a projection onto atomic states would suggest otherwise. This can be linked to the shortcomings of the commonly employed spherical approximation for ions in crystalline compounds used to compute the projected density of states, which fails to describe the charge density topology in covalent transition metal oxides and leads to a qualitatively different picture from a charge density-based approach, specifically, the underrepresentation of oxygen contributions and exaggeration of transition metal contributions to the density of states The density based approach, due to the non-spherical nature of Bader domains, is more apt to properly describe oxygen redox contributions. This raises the question how meaningful the descriptors of oxygen redox activity are and how it should be acknowledged for transition metal oxide compounds in general.
Uncontrolled arterial hypertension in patients with breast cancer and the risk of developing cardiotoxicity with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy
Authors: Oshchepkova Elena V , Avalyan Ani A , Rogoza Anatoliy N , Gorieva Shurat B , Saidova Marina A , Chazova Irina E
Published: May 2020

Aim. To study of the role of the effectiveness of blood pressure control according to the daily monitoring of blood pressure in patients with triple negative breast cancer with arterial hypertension at risk of developing cardiotoxicity with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Materials and methods. The study included 99 breast cancer patients (mean age 48 years [36; 63]) who received chemotherapy including anthracyclines, taxanes and platinum -based agent. Before chemotherapy, patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, which revealed masked uncontrolled hypertension. Before and after chemotherapy, echocardiography was performed, including speckle tracking echocardiography in a two-dimensional mode, and the concentration of biomarkers (highly sensitive troponin T and NT-proBNP) was also determined. Patients with breast cancer with masked uncontrolled hypertension (n=12) were the main group of the study, and patients with controlled hypertension (n=17) and patients with normotension (n=70) were the comparison group. Results. After chemotherapy in patients with uncontrolled hypertension, a large degree of decrease in global longitudinal strain (GLS) was recorded, a high incidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity, assessed by the diagnostic criterion of GLS; a larger increase in the volume of the drug and a higher degree of increase in highly sensitive troponin T. In patients with uncontrolled hypertension who received a higher total dose of doxorubicin, the degree of decrease in GLS was statistically significantly greater than in patients with controlled hypertension. Conclusion. Uncontrolled hypertension in patients with breast cancer is unfavorable in terms of the risk of developing subclinical and clinical cardiotoxicity, especially when using high doses of anthracycline. The method of daily monitoring of blood pressure should be used in patients with breast cancer both to detect masked hypertension and to assess the achievement of the target level of blood pressure before anthracycline-containing chemotherapy.
Hubungan antara Dukungan Sosial Orangtua dengan Kedisiplinan pada Peserta Didik SMP Hasanuddin 10 Kota Semarang
Authors: Desyantoro Irwan , Widyawati Sri , Winta Mulya Virgonita Iswindari
Published: May 2020

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empirirs hubungan antara dukungan sosial orangtua dengan kedisiplinan pada peserta didik SMP Hasanuddin 10 Kota Semarang. Hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara dukungan sosial orangtua dengan kedisiplinan pada peserta didik SMP Hasanuddin 10 Kota Semarang. Semakin besar dukungan sosial dari orangtua, maka semakin tinggi kedisiplinan pada peserta didik, demikian pula sebaliknya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 107 orang yang merupakan peserta didik dari SMP Hasanuddin 10 Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Analisis dara dilakukan menggunakan teknik Spherman’s rho Corellation. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan adanya korelasi sebesar 0,333 dengan p = < 0,01. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat signifikan antara dukungan sosial orangtua dengan kedisiplinan pada peserta didik, sehinggga hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima.

Katakunci: Kedisiplinan pada Peserta Didik, Dukungan Sosial Orangtua
Luoxia Hong and 24 Solar Terms and Their Translations
Authors: Yu Zongsheng
Published: May 2020

Up to now, there are few academic studies on the great astronomer, Luoxia Hong and the English translation of the 24 Solar Terms. Through the study of Luoxia Hong and the 24 Solar Terms and their English translations, this paper aims to, firstly, further reconfirm the historical status of Luoxia Hong and secondly, make a comparative study of the different translation versions of 24 Solar Terms from the perspective of translation studies, so that more people, home and abroad, can get more familiar with the historical and cultural celebrity Luoxia Hong and traditional Chinese culture.
Influencia de la estabilización por copigmentación intermolecular sobre la capacidad antioxidante de antocianinas del fruto de Vaccinium Floribundum Kunth.
Authors: Suárez H. Martha , Yazán V. Edison , Narváez Olmos Geovanna
Published: May 2020

Se extrajeron antocianinas del fruto mortiño Vaccinium floribundum Kunth mediante percolación y se copigmentaron con: ácido rosmarínico, ácido ferúlico y una mezcla 1:1 de estos ácidos a concentraciones de 120 y 960 mg/L. Se determinó la capacidad antioxidante del extracto antociánico, los complejos de copigmentación, los copigmentos puros, el ácido ascórbico y la cianidina-3- glicósido, mediante el método de inhibición del radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhi- dracilo, DPPH. Con los datos experimentales se obtuvieron mediante regresión lineal curvas ∆ Absorbancia versus Concentración. Se utilizó como parámetro de comparación las pendientes de las rectas y se estableció la relación entre la respuesta del estándar de ácido ascórbico y las respuestas obtenidas para cada uno de los compuestos estudiados. Se calculó la relación entre la pendiente del estándar y las pendientes de los compuestos analizados que se expresó como incremento o decremento de la capacidad antioxidante. La expresión química de los resultados, se obtuvo mediante el inverso de la relación entre la pendiente del estándar y de las muestras; a estos valores se asignaron las uni- dades de medición: Capacidad Antioxidante Equivalente al Ácido Ascórbico, CAEA. Los resultados indicaron que la capacidad antioxidante de los complejos de copigmentación crece en función del tipo y la concentración de copigmento utilizado y que la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos antociánicos es com- parativamente menor que la de los complejos de copigmentación. Los copig- mentos con ácido rosmarínico y ácido ferúlico a 960 mg/L tienen un mayor incremento en la capacidad antioxidante; el ácido rosmarínico es el que genera incrementos mayores. La copigmentación intermolecular de los extractos an- tociánicos potencia la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos puros, este efecto es más evidente cuando se utilizan altas concentraciones de copigmentos.