bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The difficulty of reconciliation
Authors: Bhargava Rajeev
Published: June 2012

Two notions of reconciliation exist. The weak or thin conception is akin to ‘resignation’. It is sought by groups that have waged war against one another but have come to the realization that neither can win. Reconciliation in this sense results from an enforced lowering of expectations. In the stronger sense, reconciliation means a virtual cancellation of enmity or estrangement via a morally grounded forgiveness, achievable only when conflicting groups acknowledge collective responsibility for past injustice, and shed their deep prejudices by a profound and painful transformation in their identities. It is because this process is not possible without a somewhat brutal confrontation with oneself and a painful recognition of one’s own moral degradation that reconciliation is difficult to achieve.
Women’s rights in Muslim societies
Authors: Guessous Nouzha
Published: June 2012

Major changes have taken place in Muslim societies in general during the last decades. Traditional family and social organizational structures have come into conflict with the perceptions and needs of development and modern state-building. Moreover, the international context of globalization, as well as changes in intercommunity relations through immigration, have also deeply affected social and cultural mutations by facilitating contact between different cultures and civilizations.

Of the dilemmas arising from these changes, those concerning women’s and men’s roles were the most conflictive issues because of different interpretations and evaluations of historical, religious and/or cultural heritages.

In the case of Morocco, for over 30 years, women’s and human rights NGOs have acted and advocated to promote women’s rights. The main disputes have concerned the distinction between what is within the requirements of Islam and what is the consequence of traditional social beliefs and practices. This ended nevertheless with the adoption by the Parliament of a new Family Law proclaimed in February 2004. This law was the result of a process of consultation and national debate, which made possible substantial progress in terms of proclaimed values of equality of rights between men and women, with the support of most national political and social leaders. Several lessons can be learned from the Moroccan experience. The crucial role of civil society, the political support of the state at its highest level, the working methodology of the Royal Advisory Commission and the final process for the adoption of the new code were from the most determinant parameters.

In light of recent developments in some majority-Muslim countries, the future of women’s rights is a key issue of the so-called Arab spring. Muslim women’s challenges and struggles are not only ideological and legal battles, but they are also social and political struggles for which one of the major conditions is to prevent and prohibit the use of Islam as a political instrument. Muslim societies need to educate people properly and change their traditional representations and patterns of thought. To promote justice, equity and equality in general, as well as to protect women’s economic rights, they need appropriate economic and social policies. Then women can really promote, protect and benefit from the advances of their legal status.
Multidisciplinary Team Approach in the Management of Tracheostomy Patients
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Miller Christina R. , Mirski Marek A. , Schiavi Adam J. , Morad Athir H. , Vaswani Ravi S. , Kalmar Christopher L. , Feller‐Kopman David J. , Haut Elliott R. , Yarmus Lonny B. , Bhatti Nasir I.
Published: June 2012

Objective

To examine whether the implementation of a multidisciplinary percutaneous tracheostomy team decreases complications, improves efficiency in patient care, and reduces length of stay and cost in patients undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy.

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Urban, academic, tertiary care medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Patients who underwent a percutaneous tracheostomy in 2004 and 2008, before and after the formation of a multidisciplinary percutaneous tracheostomy team, were included in the study. Data for the study were retrieved from a tracheostomy database. Measured outcomes include complications, efficiency, length of stay, and cost.

Results

Complications such as airway bleeding and physiological disturbances decreased significantly in 2008 as compared with 2004. The percentage of patients who received a tracheostomy within 2 days increased from 42.3% to 92% (2004 vs 2008), showing improvement in efficiency of care. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of infection rate, length of stay, or mortality. However, in a subanalysis, the length of stay was found to be decreased in patients whose primary diagnosis was a neurological disorder. Finally, despite the necessity of a hospital‐based subsidy, the team approach yielded substantial financial benefit to the medical center.

Conclusions

Airway bleeding, physiological disturbances, and efficiency of care improved after the institution of a multidisciplinary percutaneous tracheostomy team approach and may have a favorable impact on health care costs.
Professionals’ understanding of government strategies for the management of child sexual abusers
Authors: McCartan Kieran
Published: June 2012

This article discusses contemporary professional understandings of the UK Government’s attitudes to and policies around the management of child sexual abusers. This study is based upon empirical qualitative research with a range of professionals' working in or around the area of child sexual abuse (practitioners, academics and members of the media) ( n = 28). The research used semi-structured interviews which were interpreted through qualitative (thematic) content analysis. Results indicate that the professionals sampled believe that the government misperceives child sexual abuse, focusing on risk reduction and public protection rather than treatment and reintegration. The participants also argued that although there are currently some good policies and intra-agency relationships around child sexual abuse in the UK, these could be built upon. The majority of the participants were against the public disclosure of sex offender information, believing that it is not a realistic approach in reducing the sexual abuse of children and therefore it should not be implemented in the UK. These findings suggest that current and future policy on child sexual abuse should be grounded, realistic and not be populist or punitive in nature.
Building bridges: Linking diverse classification schemes as part of a technology change project
Authors: Alexander Fran
Published: June 2012

Unifying diverse content silos requires not simply bringing together assets, but also the metadata used to manage those assets. Often, as part of technology change projects, different Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs), such as taxonomies and ontologies, need to be related. This may involve brokering agreements between different organizational or departmental cultures. Much work on developing metadata crosswalks has been at the heading or label level, but semantic analysis also needs to be undertaken when mapping diverse KOSs and, in practice, often needs to balance preservation of local or specialized terminology with accessibility for general users. This article, based on a presentation given at the second biennial conference of the UK chapter of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO UK), describes a BBC project to bring together Archive and Production workspaces in which various metadata and KOS integration issues were encountered.
Applying taxonomies through auto-classification
Authors: Flett Alan , Laurie Stuart
Published: June 2012

This article follows two previous articles by Alan Flett published in Business Information Review. It considers why auto-classification is so important to ensuring effective access to information and needs to be a fundamental component of contemporary Knowledge and Information Management (KIM) strategies and architectures. In doing so it considers the predicament of knowledge workers faced with the challenge of publishing findable information and presents the auto-classification principles and techniques that make this possible. Practical solutions are demonstrated with reference to Smartlogic’s Semaphore product.
From information to intelligence management
Authors: Smith Robin , Lindsay Dion
Published: June 2012

This article reviews current approaches to information management orthodoxy and the need to improve practice via the integration of business intelligence techniques. It reviews the risks to the information society and how techniques used by information professionals need to be updated in order to support corporate transformation via the improved usage of intelligence to drive decision making across the information estate.
Information Governance: Sharing the IBM approach
Authors: Hulme Tony
Published: June 2012

There is a growing realization that information is an organization’s third capital asset and should be given the same level of focus as cash and human resources. Information Governance is the discipline of treating information as a strategic corporate asset. Information Governance is about maximizing the business value of information and reducing the total cost of ownership of the information management landscape, whilst ensuring compliance, managing risk and protecting security. The organizational world is at a tipping point in terms of the wide-spread adoption of Information Governance – at present there are very few organizations that have a comprehensive, coherent and mature Information Governance programme in place – although most Chief Information Officers (CIOs) are beginning to understand how essential this is.

This article covers the business and IT issues that Information Governance addresses. It demonstrates the opportunities that exist if we think about information in new and innovative ways – and how these desired outcomes require a focus on good governance. It shows how IBM has been a pioneer in the area of Information Governance for the past seven years and it examines the five critical competencies that top performers exhibit for good governance. The article shows how realistic entry points to get started on Information Governance can be identified.
Livestock and learning: evaluation of a prototype 3D virtual learning environment for livestock practitioners in India and Bolivia
Authors: Lin Yibo , Heffernan Claire , Thomson Kim , Nielsen Louise
Published: June 2012

Livestock are a key asset for the global poor. However, access to relevant information is a critical issue for both livestock development practitioners and the poor themselves. Therefore, the authors describe the development of the 3D Animal Health Resource Room (AHRR), a web-based environment to disseminate educational materials on key animal health and production constraints faced by the poor in Bolivia and India. The aim of the analysis was to explore the applicability and demand for a 3D resource as a ‘lead technology' or if the technology suited ‘lead users' only. The authors tested the 3D AHRR across seven non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in India and Bolivia. The results found that users prioritized the level of interaction or the social experience in the 3D space over content and immersion
Developing an e-records readiness framework for labour organizations in Botswana
Authors: Kalusopa Trywell , Ngulube Patrick
Published: June 2012

This article examines e-record readiness in labour organizations in Botswana and proposes an e-record readiness framework to be used in context. E-records readiness was examined based on a mixture of components, which included information and communication technology uptake and use; best records management practices; selected tenets of existing e-records readiness assessment tools and the extent of integration of labour organizations into the national e-readiness framework. The study was largely guided by a quantitative paradigm and used a survey research strategy, which was complemented by methodological triangulation of data collection methods. All the 50 registered labour organizations in Botswana were surveyed, 45 of which responded, representing a response rate of 90 percent. Data were obtained through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, document review and observations. The study established that e-records readiness in labour organizations in Botswana was evident, low and evolving. That was evidenced by the slow adoption of ICTs; inadequate records management standards and practices; and low integration in the national e-readiness framework. It was recommended that in order to foster successful e-records readiness in labour organisations, there is a need to underscore effective ICT adoption and use, implementation of best records management practices and rigorous integration of labour organizations into the information and knowledge society in Botswana.
‘It took me about half an hour, but I did it!’ Media circuits and affinity spaces around how-to videos on YouTube
Authors: Lindgren Simon
Published: June 2012

Combining sentiment analysis and discursive network analysis, this article looks to answer which sentiments characterize YouTube comments discourse, with a specific focus on how-to videos. What are the differences between comments to various types of videos, and which discursive contexts seem to promote positive sentiment and a participatory climate? Furthermore, the aim is to map out a variety of existing user strategies in terms of their degree of participation. What various modes of taking part and/or giving support are made discursively possible, and what degrees of detachment or engagement are expressed through these identified strategies?
Pension Liabilities and Government Funding Countermeasures in China
Authors: Chen Xing
Published: June 2012

The pension fund deficit is the most common financial problem in the countries that have established old-age insurance systems. For China, as a country whose population and economic structure are in transition, this problem is particularly prominent. There is a huge gap in pension funds in China. This article analyses the scale and causes of the gap, reviews the major government funding measures and evaluates the effect of policy implementation.
Tattoo and the Self
Authors: Mun Jung Mee , Janigo Kristy A. , Johnson Kim K. P.
Published: June 2012

There has been an increase in the numbers of women getting tattoos. The purpose of this study was to better understand tattooed women focusing on how having a tattoo influenced both self perceptions and subsequent behaviors. Our study was guided by three research questions: (1) What meaning do women assign to their tattoos and to what extent were these meanings dynamic? (2) What changes in self perception did women attribute to their being tattooed? (3) What changes in behavior did women attribute to their being tattooed? In-depth interviews of thirty tattooed women served as our data. Tattoos held several meanings for participants including connection to self, life events, relationships, and spirituality. Tattoos were closely related to some aspect of the self (82%). For some participants the meaning changed over time (61%). The act of obtaining tattoos resulted in a change in how participants viewed themselves and their behavior.
An efficient method for system reliability analysis of planar mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Xufang , Pandey Mahesh D
Published: June 2012

This article presents an efficient method for system reliability analysis of planar mechanisms with random dimensions and joint clearances. The reliability of the mechanism is defined as the probability that the output error remains within a specified limit in the entire target trajectory of the mechanism. Since the currently used methods for system reliability analysis are approximate in nature, this article presents a more efficient and innovative method based on the minimum cross-entropy principle for probabilistic analysis used in the information theory. The mechanism reliability problem is formulated as a series system reliability analysis that can be solved using the distribution of maximum output error. To derive this distribution, fractional moments of the output error are estimated from a small simulated sample of trajectories of mechanism motion which serve as constraints in the minimization of cross entropy. The proposed method is illustrated by analyzing the reliability slider–crank and a four-bar function generator. The comparison of the results with those obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations confirms the high accuracy of the proposed method.
Unification of epitrochoid origin profile design approaches for external lobed star member used in hydrostatic and gear units
Authors: Nag Abhijit , Maiti Rathindranath
Published: June 2012

We propose unification of various geometric design approaches, available in the open literatures and published research papers, for profile of star rotor used in rotary piston machines type hydrostatic units, namely pumps and motors. The star rotor profile has cycloidal root. We consider three basic approaches. These approaches are otherwise self-sufficient for profile selection purpose although the end formulae are different in relation to the common parametric terms. A closer scrutiny reveals that the initial selection of co-ordinate systems, profile generating centrode pairs and the location of the generating point lead to such differences. Our unification provides infusion and integration of three different paradigms that we have considered. This investigation is aimed at helping researchers develop a better understanding design approaches of such machines.
Artificial neural network modelling of adsorbent bed in a solar adsorption refrigeration system
Authors: Baiju V , Muraleedharan C
Published: June 2012

This article analyses the adsorbent bed in an adsorption refrigeration system. After establishing the similarity to the compression process in a vapour compression system, thermodynamic analysis of the adsorbent bed in vapour adsorption system is carried out for evaluating the performance index, exergy destruction, uptake efficiency and exergetic efficiency of the adsorbent bed in a typical solar adsorption refrigeration system. This article also presents isothermal and isobaric modelling of methanol on highly porous activated carbon. The experimental data have been fitted with Dubinin–Astakhov and Dubinin–Radushkevitch equations. The isosteric heat of adsorption is also extracted from the present experimental data. The use of artificial neural network model is proposed to predict the performance of the adsorbent bed used. The back propagation algorithm with three different variants namely scaled conjugate gradient, Pola–Ribiere conjugate gradient and Levenberg–Marquardt and logistic sigmoid transfer function are used, so that the best approach could be found. After training, it is found that Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with 14 neurons is the most suitable for modelling, the adsorbent bed in a solar adsorption refrigeration system. The artificial neural network predictions of performance parameters agrees well with experimental values with correlation coefficient ( R2) values close to 1 and maximum percentage of error less than 5%. The root mean square and covariance values are also found to be within the acceptable limits.
Modelling and simulation of gear synchronisation and shifting in dual-clutch transmission equipped powertrains
Authors: Walker Paul David , Zhang Nong , Zhan Wenzhang , Zhu Bo
Published: June 2012

Dual-clutch transmissions have increased in prevalence through the combination of high efficiency and shift quality. This is achieved through the automation of conventional manual transmission synchronisers for gear selection with automated clutch-to-clutch shift control, minimising loss of traction to the road. This article derives a suitably detailed model of a dual-clutch transmission equipped powertrain for the transient simulation and analysis of combined synchroniser engagement and gear shifts. Models are derived for a powertrain equipped with a wet dual-clutch transmission with particular focus on a detailed synchroniser mechanism model, including speed synchronisation, ring unblocking and indexing stages of engagement. To demonstrate the combination of synchroniser engagement with clutch-to-clutch shifting, several simulations are conducted to study the variation of chamfer alignment, vehicle speed and synchroniser engagement timing on powertrain response. Results indicate that vehicle speed and chamfer alignment have only limited impact on the quality of shifting. Synchroniser timing can have a more significant influence on shift quality, stressing the need for independence of these processes.
Bridging the gap: Interdisciplinary insights into the securitization of poverty
Authors: Lorenzo-Dus Nuria , Marsh Steve
Published: June 2012

A significant body of literature within International Relations research attests to a securitization of poverty, since 9/11 especially, and within this process to the centrality of discourse. Remarkably, there has been little reciprocal work within Discourse Analysis to scrutinize the emergence of contemporary security agendas of non-traditional security issues and, as far as we were able to discern, nothing at all of the securitization of poverty. This article reports on part of a larger study into transatlantic representations of international poverty. It responds to the evident need of interdisciplinary research into the securitization of poverty by examining the discursive construction of poverty by United States administrations before and after 9/11. Adopting a Discourse Historical Analysis approach, we examine selected US National Security Strategies for evidence that supports or otherwise makes claims in International Relations literature for the American securitization of poverty. We ultimately conclude that they have engaged in a public discourse that represents poverty as a security issue, cast light upon how this is discursively legitimized and contend that 9/11 accelerated but did not cause this paradigm shift in the treatment of international poverty.
Discourse and marketization of higher education in China: The genre of advertisements for academic posts
Authors: Xiong Tao
Published: June 2012

The issue of how market ethos has colonized the discourse of higher education around the world has been a topic of growing concern. The Chinese case deserves close scrutiny since marketization of higher education in China is contextualized in a distinct bureaucracy-market duality. In this article, I offer an investigation of a contemporary genre – ads for academic posts – by using Askehave and Swales’s (2001) text-driven re-purposing model of genre analysis. The corpus is composed of 48 ads posted in a leading Chinese-language official newspaper. The aim is to unfold the rhetorical moves and discourse strategies on the one hand, and consider how they might throw light on an alternative way to understand the marketization of higher education in China on the other hand. The main findings are: (1) the establishing-credentials move plays a crucial role in promoting the relevant institutions; (2) a striking rhetorical feature is the predominant use of quantified terms to introduce items such as academic programs and facilities, and incentives; (3) the branding strategy has been frequently adopted to publicize academic posts as well as cities where the institutions are located; and (4) some face redressing strategies are used to lessen the power asymmetry constructed by the authorless bureaucratic discourse.
The mind and distributed cognition: The place of knowing in a maths class
Authors: Sørensen Estrid
Published: June 2012

A standing dispute in theories of cognition concerns whether cognition unfolds as mental processing of representations or as distributed cognition, as social and non-representational. The disagreement can be seen as a dispute about the spatial location of knowing: does knowing take place in the mind or brain, or is it situated in social practice? I argue that approaches to distributed cognition overreact when rejecting that cognition is isolated and placed in the mind. Based on Latour’s concept “circulating references” I show that shifts in the spatial patterns of knowing appear in a maths classroom. The process of knowing shifts between distributed cognition being dispersed between a number of socio-material phenomena and being placed in the individual pupil mind. Instead of aiming for a theoretical foundation of knowing as located either in the mind or beyond, I suggest on the basis of the practice theoretical analysis presented that where, when and how cognition is located should be kept as an empirical question.
The bricoleur model of psychological practice
Authors: Smedslund Jan
Published: June 2012

A bricoleur is a resource person enlisted when conventional procedures in daily life fail to work, and who utilizes whatever is at hand in the given situation to effect a solution. The psychologist- cum-bricoleur relies on three sources of knowledge: what we all know about being human because we are human, what we know about some others because we participate in particular shared meaning systems (language and culture), and what we know about unique persons. Psychological treatment is seen as composed of three interacting part projects, namely building trust between psychologist and client, modifying the client’s behavior, and modifying the client’s surroundings. Actual interventions are formed by the concrete treatment situations. Finally, the differences between the bricoleur model and the standard scientist-practitioner model are examined.
What follows from what we all know about human beings
Authors: Smedslund Jan
Published: June 2012

This is the third part of a trilogy. The first article is a critique of current empirical research and the second presents the bricoleur model of practice. Here, I try to describe parts of what follows from what we all know about being human because we are human. This knowledge may be partly inherited: that is, we may have an inborn disposition to understand other members of our species in certain ways. An axiomatic system consisting of nine axioms is presented and discussed. They are labelled as follows: Mentality, Intentionality, Reflectivity, Verbality, Learning, Responsibility, Morality, Feeling, and Vulnerability. The axioms are formulated partly in terms of Wierzbicka’s semantic primitives, assumed to be found in all human languages. The usefulness of the axioms is taken to be testable only by general consensus.
Decentralized output feedback stabilization of large-scale uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhai Jun-yong , Fei Shu-min , Ai Wei-qing
Published: June 2012

This paper addresses the problem of decentralized global stabilization by output feedback for a class of uncertain large-scale nonlinear systems. A new design method based on the homogeneous domination approach and finite-time stabilization technique is developed, which leads to global output feedback stabilization for large-scale uncertain nonlinear systems under a homogeneous growth condition. Firstly, a homogeneous observer and controller is constructed for the nominal system without the perturbing nonlinearities for each subsystem. Then, a scaling gain is introduced into the homogeneous observers and controllers to globally stabilize the uncertain nonlinear systems.
Simultaneous fault detection and control for switched systems under asynchronous switching
Authors: Li Jian , Yang Guang-Hong
Published: June 2012

This paper is concerned with a fault-detection and control problem for discrete-time switched systems, which are modeled using different operating points for the flight envelope. The fault detector and controller designed simultaneously have asynchronous switching with the original switched system. For the fault-detection objectives, estimation errors between residual signals and faults are minimized by applying weighted matrices to restrict the frequency ranges of faults, and the weighted l2-gain performance is simultaneously considered for the control objectives. A two-step procedure is adopted to obtain solutions through satisfying a set of linear matrix inequalities. A simulation on the longitudinal motion of a highly maneuverable aircraft technology vehicle is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Checkpoint Watch
Authors: Braverman Irus
Published: June 2012

This article sketches my personal impression of the changes that have occurred over the last decade in the Israeli checkpoints in and around Jerusalem. These changes have manifested both in the physical design of the checkpoints and in their human management. I discuss these changes through focusing on the women’s human rights organization ‘MachsomWatch’. The role of this organization, I claim here, has changed in ways that parallel the solidification and the bureaucratization of the border. Especially noticeable is the shift in the location of resistance and its characterization, from a direct confrontation model that occurs at the physical space of the border to a focus on legal actions and administrative strategies, performed in distant and at times even virtual locations. Alongside this process, MachsomWatch women – avid protestors of Israel’s occupation of the Palestinian West Bank – have, despite themselves, become a routine feature of Israel’s occupational apparatus. This essay’s grounded ethnographic account provides a vivid illustration of the ways in which resistance feeds from and into power.
‘Hearing the Right Gaps’
Authors: Baillot Helen , Cowan Sharon , Munro Vanessa E
Published: June 2012

The barriers that prevent or delay female victims of sexual assault from disclosing to criminal justice authorities, and the obstacles that often disincline professional and lay decision-makers from finding such narratives credible, have been well documented. This article explores the extent to which such difficulties may be replicated, and compounded, in the case of female asylum-seekers; it will examine the complex ways in which the structure and processes, as well as the heavily politicised context, of asylum decision-making may contribute towards a silencing of sexual assault narratives. The article will explore the ways in which the intersection of race, ethnicity, gender, culture, religion, language and nationality present distinct challenges to women asylum applicants for whom an alleged rape is a part of their claim, and reflect on some of the difficulties this presents in terms of assessing the credibility of sexual assault allegations, and of the overall asylum claim.
General Practitioner Management of Depression
Authors: McPherson Susan , Armstrong David
Published: June 2012

Understanding how primary care clinicians manage depression is a key backdrop to current and future initiatives to improve detection and treatment of depression. We systematically reviewed, identified, and extracted findings from 13 qualitative studies that examined general practitioner (GP) management of depression. We assessed articles for quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Program guidelines for assessing qualitative research but did not exclude any articles based on quality. We carried out a thematic analysis for systematic review of qualitative research in which we identified four main themes with various subthemes: “negotiating the nature of depression,” “detect and diagnose,” “interventions,” and “burden.” The results of the analysis illuminate the complex dilemma faced by GPs in managing depression, which appears to be characterized by a sense of dissonance between the medicalization of depression and a sense of its social determinants.
When the Risks Are High
Authors: McLoone Jordana , Watts Kaaren , Menzies Scott , Meiser Bettina , Butow Phyllis , Kasparian Nadine
Published: June 2012

In this study we explored the psychosocial experiences of melanoma survivors at high risk of developing new primary disease. A total of 20 survivors (9 men, 11 women, mean age 57.6 years) completed a semistructured telephone interview, exploring melanoma-related beliefs and experiences, psychological adjustment to melanoma risk, and supportive care needs. Participants perceived melanoma as potentially terminal and reported persistent worries about the possibility of developing new or metastatic disease. Fear of developing a new melanoma endured for years after treatment completion and, for some, created a pervasive sense of uncertainty. Still, not a single participant sought formal emotional support to address his or her melanoma-related concerns. Belief in the benefits of early intervention, including self- and clinical skin examination, provided a sense of control and a recommended course of action in an otherwise uncontrollable situation. The expertise of the High Risk Clinic physicians was perceived as instrumental in creating a sense of reassurance.
Comparisons of trapezoid tearing behaviors of uncoated and coated woven fabrics from experimental and finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Ping , Sun Baozhong , Gu Bohong
Published: June 2012

This article reports the trapezoid tearing behaviors of uncoated and coated woven fabrics in experimental and finite element analyses approaches. In experimental, trapezoid tearing behaviors of uncoated and coated woven fabrics were tested to obtain tearing load–displacement curves and tearing failure developments. The tearing strength and damage morphologies of the two kinds of fabrics were compared to find the tearing damage differences between uncoated and coated woven fabrics during the trapezoid tearing process. In finite element analysis, microstructure geometrical models of both the uncoated and coated woven fabrics were constructed to calculate the stress distribution and tearing failure propagation. There are good agreements between the finite element analysis results and those in experimental. Moreover, the influence of the coating on the trapezoid tearing properties was discussed. The tearing failure differences of the uncoated woven fabric and the base fabric in the coated woven fabric was also compared for finding the tearing failure mechanisms of the coated fabric. Such an investigation can be extended to the design of the coated woven fabric with high tearing strength.
Interests, Work Values, and Occupations
Authors: Swaney Kyle B. , Allen Jeff , Casillas Alex , Hanson Mary Ann , Robbins Steven B.
Published: June 2012

This study examined whether a measure of person–environment (P-E) fit predicted worker ratings of work attitudes and supervisor ratings of performance. After combining extant data elements and expert ratings of interest and work value characteristics for each occupation in the O*NET system, the authors generated a “Fit Index”—involving profile correlations between individual interest and work value score profiles and corresponding occupational profiles—for each occupation. The authors then conducted an extensive field study of 503 adult workers and 219 supervisors. The construct validity of the fit scores was supported by the patterns of over 477,000 scores across same, similar, and dissimilar occupations. Results also supported the association of person–occupation fit with desirable work attitudes and outcomes, and the incremental validity of fit when including a measure of integrity. These results add support to the idea that P-E fit can be useful in personnel staffing.
Local Power Structures and Their Effect on Forest Land Allocation in the Buffer Zone of Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Coe Cari An
Published: June 2012

This article examines how household property claims over forest land used for economic production were established in communes bordering Tam Dao National Park in northern Vietnam under the decentralized implementation of forest land allocation policies. Using data from surveys of households living on the edge of Tam Dao National Park, this study examines “who got what” when household access to forest land used for production was established. This demonstrates the community interests that constitute the local power structures affecting distribution of access to forest land. In this case, household access to forest land used for production is determined greatly through entrepreneurial and institutional factors. If decentralized forest land allocation policies have any hope of circumscribing land use so that it corresponds to the uses laid out in land use plans, we must first understand how local power structures affect household access to forest land.
Analytical solution for the dynamic analysis of a delaminated composite beam traversed by a moving constant force
Authors: Kargarnovin Mohammad H , Ahmadian Mohammad T , Jafari-Talookolaei Ramazan-Ali
Published: June 2012

A closed form solution is presented in this paper to study the dynamics of a composite beam with a single delamination under the action of a moving constant force. The delaminated beam is divided into four interconnected beams using the delamination limits as their boundaries. Governing motion equations are derived in which the differential stretching and the bending-extension coupling are considered. The method of modal analysis is adopted to derive analytically the dynamic response of each beam. The obtained results for the free vibrations of delaminated beam are verified against reported similar results in the literature. Moreover, the maximum dynamic response of such a beam is compared with a healthy beam. The effects of different parameters such as the force velocity, different ply configuration and the size, depth and spanwise location of the single delamination on the dynamic response of the beam are studied. It is noticed that the presence of delamination has significant influence on the dynamic response of the beam.
Predicting Reoffense for Community-Based Sexual Offenders
Authors: Swinburne Romine Rebecca E. , Miner Michael H. , Poulin Dominic , Dwyer S. Margretta , Berg Dianne
Published: June 2012

This study contributes to the area of risk prediction by exploring whether the Static-99R is useful for predicting reoffense in community-based samples, and for noncontact offenders with and without identified victims. A total of 744 participants drawn from an outpatient sex offender treatment program in a large metropolitan area were followed for a period of up to 30 years. Multiple Cox Regressions were run; covariates included length of treatment, status in treatment, Static-99R items, and number of technical probation violations. Overall, reoffending was an infrequent occurrence in this sample regardless of how it was defined, with sexual reoffenses identified in 13% of the sample and any criminal reoffense identified in 20% of the sample. Consistent with previous research, the Static-99R was a better predictor of sex-related reoffenses than of nonsexual reoffenses. However, in no case were more than a couple of the items significantly related to reoffending and these items differed depending on reoffense definition.
An Examination of Suicide Attempts Among Incarcerated Sex Offenders
Authors: Jeglic Elizabeth L. , Spada Ashley , Mercado Cynthia Calkins
Published: June 2012

Little is known about suicide attempts among sex offenders. This study examines the rates of nonfatal suicide attempts among a sample ( N = 3,030) of incarcerated male sex offenders. Overall, the authors found that 14% of sex offenders in the study sample had made a suicide attempt at some point in their lives. Of those, 11% had reported a suicide attempt prior to incarceration, 0.5% had made a suicide attempt while incarcerated, and 2.5% made suicide attempts both prior to and during incarceration. Sex offenders who made suicide attempts were significantly more likely than those who did not make suicide attempts to have had an abusive childhood, a history of psychiatric problems, intellectual impairment, male victims, and related victims. Suicide attempters also scored higher on actuarial risk measures than nonattempters. No differences were found in attempter status between sex offenders who committed sex offenses against children and those who committed sex offenses against adults. A history of psychiatric problems and treatment as well as childhood abuse/neglect and perpetration against male victims predicted suicide attempter status. These findings are discussed as they pertain to suicide prevention, risk assessment, and the collateral consequences of sex offender legislation.
The Importance of Nurses as Participants of Research
Authors: Jones Sandra Nine
Published: June 2012

Nurses are historically consumers of research. Pathways into other aspects of nursing research are discussed. Nurses are encouraged to become research participants in an effort to improve the public health. Two particular study cohorts are presented as examples of ways to become part of a research sample.
Identifying the Evaluative Impulse in Local Culture
Authors: Easton Peter B.
Published: June 2012

Attention to cultural competence has significantly increased in the human services over the last two decades. Evaluators have long had similar concerns and have made a more concentrated effort in recent years to adapt evaluation methodology to varying cultural contexts. Little of this literature, however, has focused on the extent to which local cultures themselves already contain habits and patterns of evaluative thought that may serve as a basis for such work and for fuller stakeholder participation. This article explores the evaluative instincts expressed in West African proverbs against a background of related research. Consideration of the explicit message and latent meanings of a set of chosen proverbs suggests that the cultures in question are rich in evaluative perspectives. Directions for further research are proposed.
Faux masculinities among college men who experience depression
Authors: Oliffe John L , Galdas Paul M , Han Christina SE , Kelly Mary T
Published: June 2012

Depression is a significant problem among college men that can be complicated by masculine ideals of stoicism, reluctance to seek help, and risky self-management strategies. Underpinning these issues are complexities in recognizing what behaviors might be indicative of college men’s depressive symptoms. Findings drawn from a qualitative study of 25 Canadian-based college men who self-identified or were diagnosed with depression revealed three predominant masculine identities: the angry man; the solitary man; and the risk-reliant man. Within each of these themes men embodied aspects of idealized masculinity that were difficult to distinguish as symptoms of depression or as representative of the activities with which many college men partake. The angry man identity described men who expressed anger, at least in part, to dissipate depression invoked pain and emotional distress. The solitary man category included men who self-isolated, fearing that others would recognize and judge them as harboring depression. Risk-reliant men employed strategies including alcohol and other drug overuse rather than relinquish control by engaging with professional health care providers and services. Guided by the overall findings we argue this phenomenon as ‘faux masculinities’ – characterized by men’s engagement in practices consistent with idealized masculine identities but that emerge from and/or in response to the experience of depression. Faux masculinities are discussed within the context of the challenges posed for college men and their health care providers in pointing toward targeted depression interventions.
An insertion/deletion ACE polymorphism and kidney size in Polish full-term newborns
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Łoniewska Beata , Kuprjanowicz Anna , Józwa Anita , Bińczak-Kuleta Agnieszka , Gorący Iwona , Dawid Grażyna , Kordek Agnieszka , Karpińska-Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Brodkiewicz Andrzej , Ciechanowicz Andrzej
Published: June 2012

The number of nephrons is a multifactorial trait controlled by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic variants that influence the extent of branching nephrogenesis during foetal life. A correlation between renal mass and nephron number in newborns allows the use of the total kidney volume at birth as a surrogate for congenital nephron number. Since the renin–angiotensin system plays an important role in renal development we hypothesized that the common, functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene might be responsible for the variation in kidney size amongst healthy individuals. We recruited 210 healthy Polish full-term newborns born to healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The kidney volume was measured sonographically. Total kidney volume (TKV) was calculated as the sum of left kidney volume and right kidney volume. TKV was normalized to body surface area (TKV/BSA). The I and D alleles were identified using polymerase chain reaction. TKV/BSA in newborns carrying at least one insertion ACE allele was significantly reduced by approximately 8% as compared with homozygous newborns for the D allele (DD genotype) (105.1±23.6 vs. 114.2±28.2 cm3/m2, p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that I/D ACE polymorphism may account for subtle variation in kidney size at birth, which reflects congenital nephron endowment.
The marketization of foreign news
Authors: Mody Bella
Published: June 2012

Audience segmentation is generally associated with strategic communication (such as advertising and public relations), where content is manipulated to suit reader preferences. News has generally been considered truth-telling unvarnished by such concerns. This article compares how news of the same humanitarian crisis was designed by 10 news organizations in seven countries for different market segments. Comparisons showed statistically significant differences in representation, influenced in part by what the audience-market was. Like advertising, news seemed to share an attribute with the strategic design of advertising and public relations. Increasingly carried online, news will be vulnerable to click-based customization of content like advertising is, taking us beyond currently observed geopolitical influences on segmentation to advertiser and market-based differences.
“We” Are Not All Alike
Authors: Flores Natalia M. , Huo Yuen J.
Published: June 2012

Two studies investigated the experiences U.S. Asians and Latinos have with national origin identity neglect, which occurs when others fail to recognize distinctions among national origin groups that comprise the shared, pan-ethnic category. Participants considered situations in which another individual (1) failed to acknowledge or (2) appropriately acknowledged their national origin identity. Individuals in the neglect condition reported stronger negative emotions and partner evaluations. Conversely, participants in the recognition condition reported stronger positive emotions and partner evaluations. These effects generalized such that those who experienced neglect rated the partner’s ethnic group more negatively. The effects were stronger among those highly identified with their national origin group. Nearly all participants (91%) reported having experienced national origin identity neglect in daily life. These findings suggest that treating members of distinct social groups as interchangeable parts of a broader category, though seemingly benign, can elicit negative emotional responses and adversely affect intergroup relations.