bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Роль митців та творчих майстринь у процесах художнього виробництва підприємства «Укрхудожпром» у період індустріалізації
Authors: Varyvonchyk Anastasia
Published: December 2020

Стаття присвячена малодослідженій у вітчизняній науці проблемі спроб індустріалізації виробництв, що працювали в художній промисловості України в ХХ ст. Зазначаються особливості розвитку індустріалізації вишивального виробництва. Висвітлено історико-культурні умови розвитку вишивального мистецтва, домашньої промисловості, артілей, кустарну промисловість, мануфактуру, фабрики, підприємства «Укрхудожпрому». Зміни, що відбувались в економіці країни в 30-і рр. ХХ ст., призвели до зрушень, у результаті – до т. зв. індустріалізації, промислового виготовлення одягу, яке у попередні роки розпочалося в майстернях та артілях, зосереджуючи його переважно на підприємствах легкої (швацької) промисловості. Здійснились заходи щодо механізації робіт як у виготовленні одягу загалом, так і в застосуванні вишивки. Таким чином, роботи з виготовлення вишитих виробів сконцентрувалися в першу чергу на підприємствах новоствореної галузі «Укрхудожпром» («Українська художня промисловість»), розташованих у традиційних центрах народної творчості. Значний внесок у розвиток української художньої вишивки Київщини становить творча діяльність    Н. Я. Гречановської, яка багато років працювала головним художником Художньо-виробничого об’єднання                   ім. Т. Г. Шевченка (м. Київ). Художники та творчі майстри цього підприємства не лише зберігали, але й креативно розвивали народні традиції. Для цього на підприємстві була створена художньо-експериментальна лабораторія, в якій розроблялись нові орнаментальні композиції як виразники нових сучасних тенденцій розвитку вишивального мистецтва. Дослідження ґрунтується на використанні архівних матеріалів та спостережень культурологічного, історичного та мистецтвознавчого аналізу, висвітленні проблем, які пов’язані з діяльністю традиційних народних мистецтв і обставин розвитку, історичної еволюції «Укрхудожпрому». Актуальність означеної проблеми обумовлена потребою збереження української автентичності, дослідження та висвітлення особливостей створення сучасних виробів галузі художніх промислів, таких як художня вишивка, що є найдревнішим різновидом народної творчості.
Фаустианская семантика интонационной драматургии Второй симфонии С. Рахманинова
Authors: Roschenko Elena
Published: December 2020

Интонационной драматургии Второй симфонии С. Рахманинова – центра притяжения в структуре знаковой системы искусства композитора – свойственно обилие знаков, позволяющих сопрягать ее содержание с ближайшими и удаленными от нее по времени сочинениями гения. Применение контекстного метода исследования, преодоление устоявшихся трактовок Второй Симфонии как «пейзажной» и «элегической» позволило выявить в ней семантическую программу, характерную фаустианской тематике в наследии композитора, трактовать произведение как лирическую драму, пророческое предварение грядущей «фаустовской» Сонаты. Тема вступления І части трактована как исходный «фаустовский комплекс», «фауст-тема» (семы сомнения, неразрешимого вопроса, вечной неудовлетворенности, разочарования) рахманиновской «Фауст-симфонии». Здесь установлены черты драмы рока в его индивидуализировано-внутреннем и объективировано-внешнем воплощениях. Во II части обнаружены интонационные символы мефистофельского и Вечноженственного начал в контексте развития фаустианской концепции. Тема любви в III части подобна Благой Вести. Исходя из фаустианского контекста, Finale представлен как утверждение мужества героя, прошедшего испытания сомнением, противостояние остроте мефистофельской иронии, очищение божественной любовью. В IV части воплощен образ Фауста, подобный герою финала                 II части гетевской трагедии, «высокая душа» которого познала «высший миг» истины. Обнаружение фаустианского потенциала позволяет усматривать в Симфонии черты как скрытой, так и философской программности. Изучение Второй Симфонии в контексте интонационно-семантического «словаря» в наследии Рахманинова позволяет пересмотреть трактовку произведения как празднично-пейзажного. Рубежное сочинение в наследии композитора рассмотрено как зона притяжения близких (в частности, «фаустовской сонаты») и удаленных во времени («Симфонические танцы») сочинений. Раскрытие ассоциативного интонационно-знакового слоя произведения способствует выявлению многомерности композиторского замысла, диалектики рахманиновского мироощущения.
Role of equatorial waves and convective gravity waves in the 2015/16 quasi-biennial oscillation disruption
Authors: Kang Min-Jee , Chun Hye-Yeong , Garcia Rolando R.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In February 2016, the descent of the westerly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) was unprecedentedly disrupted by the development of
easterly winds. Previous studies have shown that extratropical Rossby waves propagating into the deep tropics were the major cause of the 2015/16
QBO disruption. However, a large portion of the negative momentum forcing associated with the disruption still stems from equatorial planetary and
small-scale gravity waves, which calls for detailed analyses by separating each wave mode compared with climatological QBO cases. Here, the
contributions of resolved equatorial planetary waves (Kelvin, Rossby, mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG), and inertia–gravity (IG) waves) and small-scale
convective gravity waves (CGWs) obtained from an offline CGW parameterization to the 2015/16 QBO disruption are investigated using MERRA-2 global
reanalysis data from October 2015 to February 2016. In October and November 2015, anomalously strong negative forcing by MRG and IG waves weakened
the QBO jet at 0–5∘ S near 40 hPa, leading to Rossby wave breaking at the QBO jet core in the Southern Hemisphere. From December
2015 to January 2016, exceptionally strong Rossby waves propagating horizontally (vertically) continuously decelerated the southern (northern) flank
of the jet. In February 2016, when the westward CGW momentum flux at the source level was much stronger than its climatology, CGWs began to exert
considerable negative forcing at 40–50 hPa near the Equator, in addition to the Rossby waves. The enhancement of the negative wave forcing
in the tropics stems mostly from strong wave activity in the troposphere associated with increased convective activity and the strong westerlies (or
weaker easterlies) in the troposphere, except that the MRG wave forcing is more likely associated with increased barotropic instability in the lower
stratosphere.
A low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for monitoring
geophysical parameters
Authors: den Ouden Olivier F. C. , Assink Jelle D. , Oudshoorn Cornelis D. , Filippi Dominique , Evers Läslo G.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Geophysical studies and real-time monitoring of natural hazards, such as volcanic eruptions or severe weather events, benefit from the joint analysis of multiple geophysical parameters. However, typical geophysical measurement platforms still provide logging solutions for a single parameter, due to different community standards and the higher cost rate per added sensor. In this work, the infrasound-logger is presented, which has been designed as a low-cost mobile multidisciplinary measurement platform for geophysical monitoring. The platform monitors in particular infrasound, but concurrently measures barometric pressure, accelerations, wind flow and uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning of the platform. Due to its digital design, the sensor platform can readily be integrated with existing geophysical data infrastructures and be embedded in the analysis of geophysical data. The small dimensions and lower cost price per unit allow for unconventional experimental designs, for example high density spatial sampling or deployment on moving measurement platforms. Moreover, such deployments can complement existing high-fidelity geophysical sensor networks. The platform is designed using digital Micro-electromechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors that are embedded on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The MEMS sensors on the PCB are: a GPS, a three-component accelerometer, a barometric pressure sensor, an anemometer and a differential pressure sensor. A programmable microcontroller unit controls the sampling frequency of the sensors, and the data storage. A waterproof casing is used to protect the mobile platform against the weather. The casing is created with a stereolithography (SLA) Formlabs 3D printer, using durable resin. Thanks to a low power consumption (9 Wh over 25 days), the system can be powered by a battery or solar panel. Besides the description of the platform design, we discuss the calibration and performance of the individual sensors.
Detecting seasonal ice dynamics in satellite images
Authors: Greene Chad A. , Gardner Alex S. , Andrews Lauren C.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Fully understanding how glaciers respond to environmental change will require new methods to help us identify the onset of ice acceleration events and observe how dynamic signals propagate within glaciers. In particular, observations of ice dynamics on seasonal timescales may offer insights into how a glacier interacts with various forcing mechanisms throughout the year. The task of generating continuous ice velocity time series that resolve seasonal variability is made difficult by a spotty satellite record that contains no optical observations during dark, polar winters. Furthermore, velocities obtained by feature tracking are marked by high noise when image pairs are separated by short time intervals and contain no direct insights into variability that occurs between images separated by long time intervals. In this paper, we describe a method of analyzing optical- or radar-derived feature-tracked velocities to characterize the magnitude and timing of seasonal ice dynamic variability. Our method is agnostic to data gaps and is able to recover decadal average winter velocities regardless of the availability of direct observations during winter. Using characteristic image acquisition times and error distributions from Antarctic image pairs in the ITS_LIVE dataset, we generate synthetic ice velocity time series, then apply our method to recover imposed magnitudes of seasonal variability within ±1.4 m yr−1. We then validate the techniques by comparing our results to GPS data collected on Russell Glacier in Greenland. The methods presented here may be applied to better understand how ice dynamic signals propagate on seasonal timescales and what mechanisms control the flow of the world’s ice.
Cardiac Surgery Nurses Association during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Özdemir Köken Zeliha , Savaş Hafize , Şenol Çelik Sevilay , Eroğlu Derya
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus disease, which started in China and affected the whole world, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its high rapid spread and mortality rates. The rapid spread of the disease and need for intensive care caused the establishment of pandemic hospitals in Turkey and all over the world. Special healthcare teams have been formed to take part in the management of coronavirus cases in pandemic hospitals. One of the most important team members who take the most responsibility is nurses. Nurses working in different fields took part in the pandemic clinics and intensive care units in this process. Cardiac surgery nurses, who are experienced in critical patient care, mechanical ventilation support, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical circulation support, and emergency situation management, also served on the pandemic teams. In this article, the duties and responsibilities of cardiac surgery nurses, their problems and needs during the pandemic process, and their contribution to the process were evaluated.
Work-family conflict role in the relationship between organizational climate and intentions to leave
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico Mario Molina, Campus Puerto Vallarta. Calle Corea del Sur # 600 colonia el Mangal, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. México – luis.dominguez@vallarta.tecmm.edu.mx, Domínguez-Aguirre Luis Roberto , Lozano-Jiménez Israel ,   Instituto Tecnológico Mario Molina, Campus Puerto Vallarta. Calle Corea del Sur 600, colonia el Mangal, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. México – israel.lozano@vallarta.tecmm.edu.mx, Ramírez-Campos Álvaro Fabricio ,   Instituto Tecnológico Mario Molina, Campus Puerto Vallarta. Calle Corea del Sur 600, colonia el Mangal, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco. México – alvaro.ramirez@vallarta.tecmm.edu.mx
Published: December 2020

Currently, studies have substantially documented the relationships between components of the organizational climate and intentions to leave an organization. However, there is scarce evidence of these relationships, when there are conflicts between work and family. This article aims to show the relationships of the organizational climate with turnover intention when the work-family conflict (WFC) is involved in the prediction equation in its mediating role. The method included the interview of 292 employees of five-star hotels for measuring the related attitudes between these three variables using linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses showing the model with the highest variance in the turnover intention. The results describe the models required by the mediation test with the limitations of observing a single type of organization, inhibiting the generalization of the results. In spite of this, the originality of the study lies in proving the existence of this mediating role. The relevance of the findings is that it is shown that intention to leave because of unfavorable labor climate at organization is partially but significantly influenced by the work-family conflict. The implementation of actions that promote, in their management policies, the possibility of supporting employees with the balance between their work and family relationships, can facilitate a work environment that reduces staff turnover.
HIV-Positive Patients Are at Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism After Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Olson Jeffrey J. , Schwab Pierre-Emmanuel , Jackson Jonathan , Lange Jeffrey K. , Bedair Hany S. , Abdeen Ayesha
Published: December 2020

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy has improved the life expectancy of HIV patients, leading to an increase in total joint replacement for age-related osteoarthritis. HIV patients are inherently hypercoagulable at baseline. The goal of our study was to compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in HIV patients with HIV-negative controls after total joint replacement.

Methods:

A multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 110 HIV patients (85 hips and 25 knees) and 240 HIV-negative controls (180 hips and 85 knees) between 2000 and 2018. Prophylactic anticoagulation was used in 98% of patients postoperatively—low-molecular weight heparin (73%), warfarin (19%), aspirin (6%), and clopidogrel (1%).

Results:

The VTE rate was 3.6% in the HIV-positive group (2.5% total hip arthroplasty [THA] and 8.0% total knee arthroplasty [TKA]) and 0.4% in the control group (0% THA and 1.7% TKA). VTEs occurred at the median (interquartile range) time of 40 days (1 to 52) post-op in the HIV group and 3 days post-op in the one control. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sex, smoking, history of VTE, and joint replaced identified HIV as an independent predictor of VTE (odds ratio 10.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 114.0, P = 0.046). All patients with VTE were treated with warfarin (5 to 9 months); two cases were complicated by hemarthrosis and excessive bleeding at the insulin injection site.

Conclusion:

We observed increased rates of symptomatic VTE in HIV patients after THA (2.5%) and TKA (8%) compared with HIV-negative control patients (0% and 1.7%, respectively). HIV positivity was identified as an independent predictor of perioperative VTE. Our data suggests that HIV patients may be at higher risk for post-op VTE than HIV-negative patients. Surgeons may want to consider the use of more potent anticoagulation (ie, warfarin or novel anticoagulants) for a longer duration in HIV-positive patients. However, further studies are necessary to form evidence-based guidelines regarding this practice.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, prognostic
Global Volunteering in Orthopaedics: Availability and Implementation Considerations
Authors: Babu Jacob M. , Cruz Aristides , Patel Shyam A. , Born Christopher T. , Akelman Edward
Published: December 2020

The World Health Organization describes traumatic injuries as a “neglected epidemic” in developing countries, accounting for more deaths annually than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. Low- and middle-income countries rely on volunteer assistance to address the growing surgical disease burden of traumatic injuries. Efforts to increase the availability of international electives for orthopaedic trainees can help with the short-term need for surgical personnel abroad and facilitate sustainability through capacity building, maximizing long-term benefits for all parties. The volunteer invariably benefits from this cross-cultural experience with many citing improved skills in communication, clinical diagnostics, appreciation of equality and diversity, and cost-consciousness. A consolidated discussion regarding barriers and implementation strategies can assist interested individuals and institutions plan for future volunteering endeavors.
Ants’ Acquisition of A Symbol for Zero and Its Use to Add
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: December 2020

It has been previously shown that workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti can add up numbers of elements when seeing the result of the operation during training, can acquire multiple numerical symbolisms and can make additions using learned numeric symbols. They have also been shown to acquire the notion of zero through experiences. Here, we examined if these ants can associate a symbol with zero and can use this symbol to add. Working on four colonies, we found that the ants acquired a numerical symbolism for zero, and that they used this acquisition for making the additions 1 + 0, 2 + 0, 3 + 0, 4 + 0. This ability simply resulted from operative conditioning and from the ants’ capability in adding up two amounts sighted side by side. The latter imperative condition shows that ants’ numerical cognitive faculties are at a lower level than that observed in honeybees, in some birds and monkeys.
The Effect of TNF-α on the Expression of MMP9 in Human Mesenchymal Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Sharifi Khaled , Ayatollahi Maryam , Yaghoubi Ramin , Sanati Mohmmad Hossain , Afshari Afsune , Fard Ali Hatamian
Published: December 2020

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as the enzyme of adult stem cells secreted from damage cells. In spite of low level of MMP9 enzyme in the mesenchymal stem cells, many inflammatory cytokines stimulation such as TNF-α could increase MMP9 level in cells.

Current study evaluated the expression of the MMP9 enzyme under the influence of TNF-α in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were classified into control and experimental groups. In the experimental groups, various concentrations of the TNF-α (1ng/ml and 10ng/ml) were administrated in different times (10 and 24 hours), whereas the control group was not treated with TNF-α. MMP9 gene expression was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. TNF-α administration in 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml dosage for 10 hours, induced the expression of MMP9 1468.3 and 1782.8 times more than the control group, respectively.

After 24h, in comparison between 1ng/ml and 10ng/ml with control groups, MMP9 expression were 442.64 and 1184.4 times more than control group, respectively.

In conclusion, the expression rate of the MMP9 gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells might be effected by dosage and time of exposure to TNF-α. Furthermore, the time of exposure might have the prominent role in alteration of MMP9 gene expression induction in the mesenchymal stem cells.
“O thou, that dear and happy isle”: Andrew Marvell’s Representations of Insularity
Authors: Łączyńska Klaudia
Published: December 2020

In stanza XLI of Upon Appleton House, Andrew Marvell strikes a nostalgic note regretting
his country’s loss of peace and stability in the chaos of civil wars. In the eyes of the poet,
the insular nature of Britain is a blessing and a sign of God’s Providence. Calling Britain a “happy
isle”, he combines the classical motif of the Fortunate Islands with the biblical account of the Garden
of Eden – a common tendency in the Renaissance poetry. Yet Marvell’s images of insularity
as well as his presentation of the effects of political or mental isolation that the quest for a secluded
“happy isle” may lead to seem more complex and ambivalent than a mere repetition of a poetic
cliché. His extensive panegyric seems to be a laboratory in which the poet tests various models
of solitary happiness and geographical insularity known from literature and myth, the results of these
experiments often leading to disillusionment brought about by the realisation of man’s irreparably
fallen condition.
Notes
on Beckett’s Plays for an Intensive Theatre Course
Authors: Levy Shimon
Published: December 2020

In Beckett’s works the medium-oriented “how” is inseparable from the “what” of the
message. Therefore, the very performance of the piece does not describe but rather creates a new
– fi ctitious as it may be – situation, a performative act, which is not “about” anything but is, fi rst and
foremost, that very thing itself. Beckett’s medium-oriented approach does indeed invite a fresh analytical
perspective to the methodology of teaching his works, especially his plays. In place of McLuhan’s
famous “the medium is the message”, Beckett posits the message as inseparable from the medium.
I argue, that most of Beckett’s works intended for performance treat the typical tools and mediumoriented
components of radio or television too, thus indeed presenting master-classes especially
of theatricality itself as an existential mode of being.
“No Other Island”: Shima complex and the tragi-comic otherness of the Isle of Wight
Authors: Wolfreys Julian
Published: December 2020

This essay presents a consideration of Englishness refracted through and anecdotal and discursive refl ection on the way the microcosm of an island mediates Englishness as a condition of national identity, peculiar to islands. The island chosen for consideration of this “exemplary singularity” is the Isle of Wight, given its peculiarly overdetermined status – at once rural paradise, Brexit voters’ haven, extended retirement community, and locus of much counter culture activity over a 50 year period.
Inhibitory compounds formation after liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of corn stover as an alternative to wood lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production
Authors: Akus-Szylberg Florentyna , Antczak Andrzej , Zawadzki Janusz
Published: December 2020

Inhibitory compounds formation after liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of corn stover as an alternative to wood lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production. Thus far, corn stover has been perceived as a promising lignocellulosic alternative to wood intended for bioethanol procurement, however it should be recognised also as a potential future component in a mixed biomass system. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of applying different hydrothermal treatment conditions on the potential inhibitory compounds formation from corn stover. An analysis of selected inhibitory compounds formed after pretreatment performed at different temperatures (160°C, 175°C, 190°C and 205°C) was carried out. Furfural, simple sugars and lignin were some of the inhibitors examined with HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, the chemical composition of organic extracts obtained from native and LHW pretreated biomass was analyzed qualitatively with GC-MS method and inhibitory compounds like vanillin, sitosterol or syringol were detected. As a result of those investigations compared to enzymatic hydrolysis yield the temperature of 175°C was chosen as the most promising condition of corn stover LHW pretreatment in terms of the efficiency of the subsequent phases of bioethanol production.
The jar and the footbridge. Humanities, nature and culture in the view of science and technology studies and biosemiotics
Authors: Machtyl Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The paper aims at juxtaposing two main disciplines: science and technology studies, on the one hand, and biosemiotics, on the other, from the methodological perspective (i.e. concerning epistemology and methodology) and the ontological one (concerning the object of research). Thus, the analysis concerns the opposition of naturalism and antinaturalism in reference to the huma-nities and sciences and nature / culture in reference to the field of study. Science and technology studies (Bruno Latour) and biosemiotics are of key importance in challenging two kinds of binarism: the humanities vs. sciences and nature vs. culture. The discussion further touches upon the question of how the human subject can know nature as well as the issue of discourse, language, reference and the scientifi c text. A critical perspective on science, proposed by both science and technology studies and biosemiotics, possibly anticipates a revolution.
Epistola: In Carcere et Vinculis by Oskar Wilde in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s reception
Authors: Gędas Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The article is an editorial study of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s Wilde and Lord Douglas. The text is a literary review of Oscar Wilde’s book Epistola: In Carcere et Vinculis, published in 1905. Iwasz-kiewicz presents the circumstances of Wilde’s creation of his work, written during his imprisonment. He pays special attention to the convict’s emotional and spiritual dilemmas and his struggle with various hardships. Iwaszkiewicz’s review also includes vivid literary portraits of Wilde and Alfred Douglas.
Nanotechnology in the Service of Solar Energy Systems
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh , Esmaeili Shayan Mostafa
Published: December 2020

Nanotechnology can help to address the existing efficiency hurdles and greatly increase the generation and storage of solar energy. A variety of physical processes have been established at the nanoscale that can improve the processing and transmission of solar energy. The application of nanotechnology in solar cells has opened the path to the development of a new generation of high-performance products. When competition for clean energy options is growing, a variety of potential approaches have been discussed in order to expand the prospects. New principles have been explored in the area of solar cell generation, multi-generation, spectrum modulation, thermo-photoelectric cells, hot carrier, the middle band, and many other techniques. Nanoparticles and nanostructures have been shown to enhance the absorption of light, increase the conversion of light to energy, and have improved thermal storage and transport.
Modern Trends in Uses of Different Wastes to Produce Nanoparticles and Their Environmental Applications
Authors: Abdelbary Salah , Abdelfattah Hadeer
Published: December 2020

Wastes are produced at large amounts all over the world. These wastes cause a variety of problems to the ecosystem, plants, animals, and humans. In this chapter, we discuss the wastes, types of wastes, sources of wastes, and problems related to wastes, especially health-related problems. Then we discuss agricultural wastes and how we can synthesize different nanoparticles from them. Also, we discuss industrial wastes and different nanoparticles synthesized from them. Additionally, we discuss fruit wastes and production of different nanoparticles and also food wastes and their uses in nanoparticle syntheses. Also, we can use other wastes to produce nanoparticles. In applications section, we discuss the use of different nanoparticles produced in agriculture, removal of heavy metals and pollutants from environment, industry and finally medical applications. We will finish our chapter with the topic of healthy and safe synthesis of nanoparticles produced by different wastes and then conclusion.
Hepatitis E: Disease in Humans
Authors: Turculeanu Adriana
Published: December 2020

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the 7 viruses with mainly hepatic tropism. HEV determines 20 million new infections worldwide every year, 3.4 million acute hepatitis E and 44,000 deaths in 2015 (3.3% of the mortality due to viral hepatitis). Transmitted by the digestive tract mainly (fecal- orally, particularly by water infected with feces), the virus reaches the liver where it does not have a direct cytolytic effect, but immunological phenomena, especially cellular, activated by the replication of the virus in the hepatocytes. Clinically, over 95% of cases of HEV infection are asymptomatic and sel- limiting; in immunocompetent patients in tropics HEV can cause acute hepatitis with clinical features. On rare situations the infection can result in a severe, fulminant hepatitis with acute liver failure. In immunocompromised patients (organ transplant recipients, hematologic malignancies, HIV-infected) HEV may determine chronic hepatitis. In pregnant women or the elderly people or people with underlying liver disease HEV can cause fulminant forms which can become fatal (E.g.: 30% deaths among pregnant women in some parts of the world). Acute and chronic E hepatitis may be accompanied by extrahepatic manifestations: neurological, kidney, pancreatic, hematological diseases, autoimmune diseases with a pathogenesis not fully elucidated.
Necessity of Quantitative EEG for Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Pastor Jesús , Vega-Zelaya Lorena , Martín Abad Elena
Published: December 2020

The two main problems in the daily clinical practice of EEG are i) its under-use dedicated mainly to epilepsy and ii) subjectivity in de visu analysis. However, both problems can be overcome by using numerical tools in clinical practice that broaden the scope and introduce real objectivity to bioelectrical measurements. We have developed a method for quantitative EEG (qEEG) for daily use based on the homeostatic foundation of EEG. This method is robust, easy, and not time consuming and is arranged in two branches: the analysis of the spectral composition in each channel and synchronization. Notably, channels are arranged in differential mode. Since 2016, we have used this method for more than 4100 EEGs from scalp recordings in outpatients, epilepsy evaluation, and evaluation and monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU). We have been able to identify numerical properties that are not visually evident in several pathologies, including COVID-19 in patients suffering encephalopathy, and have performed diagnosis in ICU patients and differentiation between epileptic and non-epileptic spells or minimum cognitive states. The use of numerical variables across successive recordings in the same patient has proven to be of great utility. We propose that qEEG use should be expanded globally for daily clinical practice.
The Springs of Religious Freedom
Authors: Hittinger John P. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

John Paul II frames the issue of disenchantment and re-enchantment in terms of “alienation” and “participation”--various works of human power recoil upon the person and inhibit full human development and participation. The neglect and distortion of human rights is one such form of alienation indicating the deeper issue concerning human flourishing. John Paul encourages a radical questioning about human progress so as to better understand the threats that accompany bureaucratic increase in power. Aspects of cultural and human development offer a challenge to mankind to overcome alienation and to participate in community and social love. Through an appeal to the Spirit, and the search for truth, goodness, and beauty, John Paul seeks to open up a lived path to God by way of the person’s transcendence.
Confronting the Modern Problematic
Authors: Williams Hugh ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

The modern problematic, defined by Kenneth Schmitz, is a widespread acceptance of God’s absence in the culture of the technologically advanced Western societies. Schmitz clearly has been deeply influenced by Karol Wojtyla’s work as both philosopher and religious leader. Pope John Paul II’s Fides et Ratio is notable for its courage in advocating the serious pursuit of truth guided at least in part by the philosophy of being. This essay draws on certain important contrasts in Schmitz’s subsequent meditations upon the transcendental of beauty and its implications for communication and postmodern culture with its emphasis on the human subject. The purpose is to reflect on the special significance of this important contrast, shift, and development that occurs in these aspects of Schmitz’s own philosophy within the tradition of the philosophy of being that has been given renewed definition and importance for our challenging times in John Paul II’s encyclical on faith and reason.
«Volver a casa»: la logística de los prisioneros de guerra en las guerras de Italia (1740-1748) = «Coming back Home»: The Logistics of Prisoners of War in the italian Wars (1740-1748)
Authors: Bragado Echevarría Javier
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo analizamos la logística desarrollada en torno a los prisioneros de guerra durante la Guerra de Sucesión Austríaca en sus campañas italianas, prestando especial atención a los años 1746, 1747 y 1748. En esos años se produjo la derrota del ejército franco-español en Piacenza (1746), y entre 1747 y 1748 tuvieron lugar los últimos intercambios de prisioneros de los ejércitos español, francés, sardo, austríaco e inglés como consecuencia de las negociaciones del Tratado de Aquisgrán. Para reconstruir este proceso se ha recurrido a estados de prisioneros, convenios de canje, correspondencia de comisarios de guerra y capitulaciones de plazas. Por lo tanto, se contextualiza una realidad social de la guerra menos conocida por la historiografía y se establece un punto de unión entre dos épocas para las que contamos con un mejor conocimiento de la cuestión: la Guerra de Sucesión y la Guerra de la Convención.AbstractIn this article we analyze the logistics developed for prisoners of war during the War of Austrian Succession in its different Italian campaigns, taking special consideration of the years 1746, 1747 and 1748: they include the defeat of the French-Spanish army in Piacenza (1746), and the last exchanges of prisoners of the Spanish, French, Sardinian, Austrian and English armies that took place between 1747 and 1748 as a result of the negotiations of the Treaty of Aachen. In order to reconstruct this historical process we have studied prisoners´ lists, their exchange agreements, war delegates´ letters and surrender agreements of military fortresses. Therefore, a social reality of war less known by historiography is contextualized in a period which connects the Spanish War of Succession and the War of the Convention, two contexts in which POWs are better known.
Los infortunios de Alonso Ramírez y el pacífico de los ibéricos = The Misfortunes of Alonso Ramírez and the Pacific of the Iberians
Authors: Martínez Shaw Carlos , Alfonso Mola Marina
Published: December 2020

Los Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez es una biografía, escrita casi al dictado por el erudito mexicano Carlos de Sigüenza, que narra las aventuras de un criollo de Puerto Rico que abandona su patria y se traslada sucesivamente a Cuba y Nueva España, hasta llegar en 1684 a las Islas Filipinas. Embarcado en una fragata española, es capturado por la nave corsaria inglesa Cygnet, donde como cautivo asiste a las operaciones piráticas de sus captores en el Sudeste de Asia hasta la disolución de la sociedad criminal en aguas brasileñas. El relato de Alonso Ramírez sirve para ampliar nuestros conocimientos sobre el Pacífico y el Índico a finales del siglo XVII y se convierte así en una aportación singular a la historia del imperio español en Asia e incluso a la historia universal en la época de la primera globalización, que algunos autores llaman rotundamente la época de la globalización ibérica.AbstractInfortunios de Alonso Ramírez is a biography, written by the Mexican author Carlos de Sigüenza, that tells the adventures of a criollo born in Puerto Rico, who travels to Cuba, New Spain and, finally, in 1684, to the Philippine Islands. On board of a Spanish frigate, he is seized by the Cygnet, an English privateer ship, where, as a captive, he attends the piratic actions of the seamen in South East Asia until the end of the criminal society in the Brazilian coast. This narrative helps to enlarge our knowledge about the Pacific and Indian Oceans at the end of the XVIIth century, so becoming a meaningful contribution to the History of the Spanish Empire in Asiaa and even to the World History in the times of the first globalization, that some authors openly call the times of the Iberian globalization.
La fundición de Eugui en el Reinado de Carlos II = The Foundry of Eugui in the Reign of Carlos II
Authors: González Enciso Agustín
Published: December 2020

El trabajo sintetiza e interpreta lo que sabemos sobre la fundición de Eugui durante el reinado de Carlos II, desde su establecimiento por Aldaz en 1689. Se alude a sus antecedentes, a su producción, a su relación con las necesidades militares de la Monarquía, y con la «hora navarra», y a su significado en la historia de la industria metalúrgica y del fomento de la economía en ese reinado. Se destaca también su realidad como un elemento de continuidad a través del cambio de siglo y de dinastía. AbstractThis paper is a synthesis and interpretation of what we know about the Eugui foundry during the reign of Charles II, from its settlement in 1689 by Aldaz. The paper reminds the antecedents of the foundry, explains its relationship with the military needs of the Monarchy and with the «hora navarra», and discusses its significance in the Spanish history of metal industries. This factory is also seen as a factor of continuity through the change of century and the advent of a new dinasty.
Reseña de: Ortega del Cerro, Pablo, El devenir de la élite naval. Experiencias de los oficiales de la Armada en tiempos de cambio (inicios del XVIII- finales del XIX)
Authors: Gómez Mesas Javier
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: Ortega del Cerro, Pablo, El devenir de la élite naval. Experiencias de los oficiales de la Armada en tiempos de cambio (inicios del XVIII- finales del XIX), Madrid, Sílex, 2018, pp. 406. ISBN: 978-84-7737-963-8
Reseña de: RuthMacKay (2019): Life in a Time of Pestilence. The Great Castilian Plague of 1596-1601
Authors: Hernández Mauro
Published: December 2020

Reseña de: RuthMacKay (2019): Life in a Time of Pestilence. The Great Castilian Plague of 1596-1601, Londres, Cambridge University Press, 290 págs.
El valor social y las cofradías canarias: una aproximación a través del análisis de un caso
Authors: Guzmán Pérez Beatriz Vanesa , Mendoza Jiménez Javier , Pérez Monteverde María Victoria
Published: December 2020

Las entidades de economía social han sido reconocidas como pieza clave en la agenda de desarrollo sostenible, pero aún sigue siendo necesario avanzar en la cuantificación de la aportación efectiva que realizan a la comunidad local. Este trabajo trata de medir el valor social de una de las familias de la economía social cuyo impacto socio-económico no ha sido abordado por los estudios empíricos realizados al respecto, las cofradías de pescadores. El contexto geográfico de la investigación es el archipiélago canario, empleándose la contabilidad social (Retolaza et al., 2016) como métrica del valor social. Se trata de un sistema de información ampliado que permite configurar una base de variables extrapolables a este tipo de entidades en otros territorios, y mostrar que la contribución que realizan las cofradías a sus stakeholders va más allá de variables económicas, y apoyan las funciones de sostenimiento del sector pesquero que les han sido asignadas por la normativa nacional y autonómica.
Imagen digital y videojuegos: una historia entrecruzada
Authors: San Pedro Abraham
Published: December 2020

La imagen digital es nuestro ecosistema. Hoy en día cualquier tecnología, superficie o dispositivo –smartphones, tablets, prensa, moda o arte– está alimentado por un flujo continuo de imágenes digitales. Una cascada incesante y exponencial de seductoras y lúbricas construcciones visuales que bien podría servir para definir el Zeitgeist (el espíritu de la época) de nuestras sociedades.
High-precision dual-wavelength time transfer via1085-km telecommunication fiber link
Authors: Chen Fa-Xi , Zhao Kan , Li Bo , Liu Bo , Guo Xin-Xing , Kong Wei-Cheng , Chen Guo-Chao , Guo Bao-Long , Liu Tao , Zhang Shou-Gang ,   Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China,   National Time Service Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
Published: December 2020

To reduce the influence of fiber dispersion on accuracy of fiber-based time synchronization, a method of dispersion-error corrected dual-wavelength time synchronization is proposed in this paper. Specificlly, the method is to measure the dispersion coefficient of the fiber link, and then input it to each remote terminal, the time delay error caused by the fiber dispersion is eliminated through the delay phase controller. With the self-developed engineering prototypes, the experimental verifications are subsequently made both in laboratory and real field. Before the test, 16 devices of time synchronization are connected in series for calibration. The time synchronization system is able to keep delay difference within ± 15 ps after being calibrated. In the laboratory, the experimental setup is built by cascading 16 rolls of 50km-long fiber coils, and the total length of the fiber link is 800 km. The experimental results show that the dispersion coefficient of 800 km fiber link is 13.36 ps/(km·nm), and the delay error caused by dispersion is maintained within 10 ps after correction. The stability of the time transfer is 5.7 ps in standard deviation and the time deviation is 1.12 ps at an averaging time of 100000 s. In the real field test, a 1085-km-long field fiber link is utilized, along which 16 self-developed time-frequency transceiversare set at the cascaded fiber-optic stations. After being corrected with a dispersion coefficient of 16.67 ps/(km·nm) for 1085 km urban fiber link, the time transfer is demonstrated to have a dispersion-caused delay error of 60 ps. The experimental results show that the time standard deviation is 18 ps and the time transfer instability is 9.2 ps at an averaging time of 1 s and 5.4 ps at an averaging time of 40000 s. Finally, the time uncertainty of 800-km-long laboratory optical fiber link and 1085-km-long urban optical fiber link are evaluated, and the time uncertainty is 18.4 ps and 63.5 ps, respectively. This work paves the way for constructing the time synchronization fiber network in China. To further reduce the delay error caused by dispersion in a long-distance time transfer link, the more accurate thermal control of the lasers should be adopted to reduce the shifts of forward and backward wavelengths.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer characteristics of small droplets impacting on wall
Authors: Liu Lian-Sheng , Liu Xuan-Chen , Jia Wen-Qi , Tian Liang , Yang Hua , Duan Run-Ze ,   School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China,   Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Science and Energy Clean Utilization Technology, Tianjin 300401, China,   Tianjin Hongya Energy Saving Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300401, China
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of small droplets impacting on the wall is widely used in fields such as spray cooling. In recent years, the research on the behavior of droplets impacting on a wall has been extensively concerned by scholars. However, current research mainly focuses on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of large droplets (millimeters) impacting on a hot wall. Since the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of small droplets (micrometers) impacting on the hot wall are significantly different from those of large droplets, the research on the behavior of small droplets impacting on the hot wall will further facilitate the understanding of the heat transfer mechanism. In order to study the heat transfer process of small droplets impacting on the hot wall (non-boiling zone), a two-dimensional transient model of droplets impacting on the wall is established, and the phase field method is used to analyze the convective heat flux and heat conduction heat flux in the heat transfer process of small droplets. The effect of velocity, wettability and droplet size on the heat transfer characteristics of droplets impacting on the wall are explored. The simulation results show that the phase field method is feasible in studying the behavior of small droplets impacting on the wall. Furthermore, the research results show that the initial stage of droplet impacting on the wall is “cold spot”, which is conducive to the heat transfer between the small droplet and the wall. The peak heat flux during the small droplet impacting on the wall is near the three-phase contact point, and it is on the order of 105–106 W/m2. The influence of wall wettability and droplet size on the conductive heat flux during the small droplets impacting on the wall are more significant, while velocity and droplet size have a significant influence on convective heat flux. In most cases, the conduction heat flux of small droplets impacting on the wall is about 103–105 W/m2, and the convective heat flux is about 104–106 W/m2. The convective heat flux is larger than the conduction heat flux, and it plays a dominant role in the whole process of heat transfer. The above conclusions are helpful in enriching the heat transfer mechanism of small droplets impacting on the hot wall, and implementing the spray cooling and other technologies.
Clinical Outcomes and Return to Sport After Minimally Invasive Reconstruction of the Lateral Ligament Complex with Semitendinosus Tendon Autograft in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Usuelli Federico Giuseppe , Indino Cristian , Di Silvestri Claudia Angela , Manzi Luigi , Maffulli Nicola
Published: December 2020

Background

Ankle sprains are common, affecting especially the lateral ligament complex of the ankle, often leading to chronic symptoms and instability. Many procedures have been described for chronic ankle instability. This study analyzes clinical outcomes and return to sport in patients who underwent minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle with a semitendinosus tendon autograft.

Methods

Twenty-three patients (mean age, 33.9 years) with grade 3 lesions of both the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments underwent minimally invasive reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments with an ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon autograft. They were retrospectively reviewed, and return to sport was evaluated with the Halasi ankle activity scale.

Results

Mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 26–53 months). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score increased from 68.6 to 95.3. The average visual analog scale score decreased from 3.6 to 1.3. The Halasi score changed from 5.0 to 5.1. Except for the Halasi score, the differences were significant (P < .001). Nineteen patients judged the received treatment as excellent, 2 as good. No revision procedures were performed. No major complications were reported.

Conclusions

This study confirms good clinical and sport outcomes after minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle with a semitendinosus autograft.