bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schiff Bases from α-ionone with Adenine, Cytosine, and l-leucine Biomolecules: Synthesis, Structural Features, Electronic Structure, and Medicinal Activities
Authors: Surendar P. , Pooventhiran T. , Rajam Shameela , Irfan Ahmad , Thomas Renjith
Published: October 2021

Tea is a very important source of the terepenoid [Formula: see text]-ionone, which is much appreciated as a medicinal beverage. Schiff bases are a very important class of organic compounds usually formed by the condensation of carbonyl compounds with amines. [Formula: see text]-ionone is a carbonyl terpenoid obtained from Schiff bases on condensation with nucleobases like adenine and cytosine and the amino acid [Formula: see text]-leucine. We synthesized these three Schiff bases and characterized them using UV, FTIR, and H1 and C13-NMR spectra. The molecules were optimized using B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p) level followed by the simulation of FT-IR spectra, of which the simulated and experimental spectra showed complete agreement. The UV spectra were simulated using TD-DFT, and the electronic excitations were carefully analyzed. Natural bond orbitals provided an analysis of the stability of the compound, which is supplemented by the data from frontier molecular orbital analysis. Detailed wavefunction analysis is reported which predicts the active centers, reactivity profile, and the extent of non-covalent interactions. PASS indicated that compounds show antieczemic properties and antiarthritic properties, which is confirmed with the help of molecular docking results.
Sequential Equilibrium in Games of Imperfect Recall
Authors: Halpern Joseph Y. , Pass Rafael
Published: October 2021

Although the definition of sequential equilibrium can be applied without change to games of imperfect recall, doing so leads to arguably inappropriate results. We redefine sequential equilibrium so that the definition agrees with the standard definition in games of perfect recall while still giving reasonable results in games of imperfect recall. The definition can be viewed as trying to capture a notion of
ex ante
sequential equilibrium. The picture here is that players choose their strategies before the game starts and are committed to it, but they choose it in such a way that it remains optimal even off the equilibrium path. A notion of
interim
sequential equilibrium is also considered.
SERP4IoT'21 Workshop Report
Authors: Guéhéneuc Yann-Gaël , Humayoun Shah Rukh , Morales Rodrigo , Saborido Rubén
Published: October 2021

We face a new software crisis. In 1968, computer scientists learned that developing robust software requires skills, methods, and tools. Today, software and hardware engineers realize that developing a robust Internet of Things (IoT) also pushes the states of their art and practice. Recent news illustrate the many problems faced by IoT: from lack of interoperability to broken updates to massive security attacks. In this context, the 3rd International Workshop on Software Engineering Research and Practices for the Internet of Things (SERP4IoT) aims to provide a highly interactive forum for researchers and practitioners to address the challenges of, nd solutions for, and share experiences with the development, release, and testing of robust software for IoT systems.
Do Prosody and Embodiment Influence the Perceived Naturalness of Conversational Agents’ Speech?
Authors: Ehret Jonathan , Bönsch Andrea , Aspöck Lukas , Röhr Christine T. , Baumann Stefan , Grice Martine , Fels Janina , Kuhlen Torsten W.
Published: October 2021

For conversational agents’ speech, either all possible sentences have to be prerecorded by voice actors or the required utterances can be synthesized. While synthesizing speech is more flexible and economic in production, it also potentially reduces the perceived naturalness of the agents among others due to mistakes at various linguistic levels. In our article, we are interested in the impact of adequate and inadequate prosody, here particularly in terms of accent placement, on the perceived naturalness and aliveness of the agents. We compare (1) inadequate prosody, as generated by off-the-shelf text-to-speech (TTS) engines with synthetic output; (2) the same inadequate prosody imitated by trained human speakers; and (3) adequate prosody produced by those speakers. The speech was presented either as audio-only or by embodied, anthropomorphic agents, to investigate the potential masking effect by a simultaneous visual representation of those virtual agents. To this end, we conducted an online study with 40 participants listening to four different dialogues each presented in the three
Speech
levels and the two
Embodiment
levels. Results confirmed that adequate prosody in human speech is perceived as more natural (and the agents are perceived as more alive) than inadequate prosody in both human (2) and synthetic speech (1). Thus, it is not sufficient to just use a human voice for an agents’ speech to be perceived as natural—it is decisive whether the
prosodic realisation
is adequate or not. Furthermore, and surprisingly, we found no masking effect by speaker embodiment, since neither a human voice with inadequate prosody nor a synthetic voice was judged as more natural, when a virtual agent was visible compared to the audio-only condition. On the contrary, the human voice was even judged as less “alive” when accompanied by a virtual agent. In sum, our results emphasize, on the one hand, the importance of adequate prosody for perceived naturalness, especially in terms of accents being placed on important words in the phrase, while showing, on the other hand, that the embodiment of virtual agents plays a minor role in the naturalness ratings of voices.
The Effect of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid on the Removal Rate Selectivity of Cu/Co/TEOS in H2O2Based Alkaline Slurries
Authors: Liu Jia , Hu Lianjun , Liu Yuling , Zhu Tiantian , Wang Ziyan , Pan Guofeng
Published: October 2021

As the technology node shrinks to 14 nm, Co has been widely used as a liner in semiconductor devices. However, the dishing and erosion produced after fine polishing seriously affect the RC delay of the device, so achieving a reasonable Cu/Co/TEOS removal rate (RR) selectivity is the key to correct the dishing and erosion. In this paper, the effect of 2-hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) as a complexing agent on Cu/Co/TEOS RR selectivity in H2O2based alkaline slurries was well investigated. In addition, the complexation mechanism between Co and HPAA was analyzed through electrochemical experiments, UV/vis, XPS tests, etc. The results showed that the RRs of Cu/Co/TEOS in the optimized slurry containing 5 wt% SiO2, 0.15 wt% H2O2, 0.05 wt% HPAA, 500 ppm TT-LYK at pH = 10 are ∼ 163 Å min−1, ∼ 350 Å min−1, ∼ 374 Å min−1, respectively. The RR selectivity of Co to Cu (VCo/VCu) and TEOS to Cu (VTEOS/VCu) were ∼ 2.15 and ∼ 2.3. At this time, the surface quality of the polished wafer was good, the dishing was corrected by ∼ 910 Å, and the erosion was corrected by ∼ 1117 Å.
The implementation of active learning practices in a South African physiology class: a follow-up study
Authors: Essop M. Faadiel , Beselaar Leandrie
Published: October 2021

Although there is increased uptake of active learning approaches in especially developed countries, this is still lagging within the African context. The current study therefore focused on the implementation of group learning at Stellenbosch University, with several modifications versus our earlier, pilot study. Students freely formed small groups at the start of a 5-wk cardiovascular physiology lecture series and were apportioned three separate assignments to complete over this period. This included three in-class group-learning sessions, while students also completed group work outside class times. The active learning element was embedded within a constructive alignment framework. Our data revealed that 75% of the students felt that the in-class sessions was a good use of their time and that they progressively improved their assignment scores, i.e., 67.5 ± 9.3%, 72.4 ± 9.8%, and 76.1 ± 9.5% for the first, second, and final ones, respectively ( P < 0.0001). Moreover, the average class score for their final test (68 ± 15.1%) was higher when compared with the average class score (57.5 ± 19.4%) calculated for the previous 3 yr ( P < 0.0001). This study revealed two major findings: i.e., 1) students displayed a strong positive response regarding the adoption of in-class collaborative group work, and 2) the introduction of such active learning elements correlated with improved student assignment and test scores. Based on these findings, we propose additional modifications (including a shift to more formative assessments) to ensure even greater success with the roll-out of such active learning elements within the African context.
Case Studies in Physiology: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and inspiratory muscle training in a 59-year-old, 4 years after an extrapleural pneumonectomy
Authors: Mitchell Reid A. , Apperley Scott T. , Dhillon Satvir S. , Zhang Julia , Boyle Kyle G. , Ramsook Andrew H. , Schaeffer Michele R. , Milne Kathryn M. , Molgat-Seon Yannick , Sheel A. William , Guenette Jordan A.
Published: October 2021

Constraints on tidal volume expansion and the adoption of a rapid and shallow breathing pattern result in a ventilatory limitation and increased ventilatory inefficiency during exercise in a patient several years after extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). Inspiratory muscle training can effectively increase respiratory muscle strength after EPP.
Logistics and Warehousing Intelligent Management and Optimization Based on Radio Frequency Identification Technology
Authors: Du Chenglong
Published: October 2021

In today’s competitive global business environment, companies and organizations are emphasizing return on assets. By analyzing the status quo of Internet of things and warehouse management, this paper puts forward the application of radio frequency identification technology in logistics warehouse management. Based on the intelligent management of logistics and warehousing, the overall structure of intelligent management of logistics and warehousing based on radio frequency identification technology is established, and the functions of each functional module of the system are introduced in detail. Warehouse management system uses B/S architecture mode design; warehouse management system determines the location of goods in the warehouse management program, through radio frequency identification technology reader collection of goods in and out of the warehouse data and data processing results reported to the warehouse management system. Through the optimization of warehouse management process, the intelligent management of logistics and warehousing is realized efficiently. By testing the response time of the system and comparing the test efficiency before and after optimization, the reliability and efficiency of the warehousing intelligent management system are verified, which provides a basis for the study of logistics warehousing intelligent management.
miR-19a-3p Promotes Tumor-Relevant Behaviors in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma via Targeting THBS1
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Junlong , Yu Lihang
Published: October 2021

Objective. miR-19a-3p is widely increased in several cancers and can be used as an oncogenic factor in these cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-19a-3p in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is still open. So, the study was aimed at exploring the mechanism of miR-19a-3p in BLCA cells. Methods. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to find the differential miRNAs and mRNAs, and the target miRNA and mRNA were determined. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate miR-19a-3p and THBS1 levels in human urethral epithelial cells and BLCA cells. Western blot was carried out to assay protein expression of THBS1 in human urethral epithelial cells and BLCA cells. Behaviors of BLCA cells were detected through cellular functional assays. Dual-luciferase gene assay was conducted to validate the binding of miR-19a-3p and THBS1. Results. miR-19a-3p was increased in BLCA cells, while THBS1 was less expressed in BLCA cells. The miR-19a-3p functions as an oncogene in BLCA. THBS1 was a target of miR-19a-3p, and it could reverse the promotion of miR-19a-3p on cell malignant behaviors in BLCA. Conclusion. miR-19a-3p facilitates cell progression in BLCA via binding THBS1, which may be an underlying therapeutic target for BLCA treatment.
Regulation of Tumorigenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via the AKT3 Pathway in Cell Lines
Authors: Xing Mingxuan , Xie Xinwei , Liu Zhi , Du Xiaohong
Published: October 2021

Background. The estimation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is tremendously inferior because of the formation of chemoresistance, integrated with essentially increased stemness belongings. At present, the relevance between miR-122 and cancer development was mostly undisclosed with single study reflecting its importance in glioblastoma. Material and Methods. The research here was focused to investigate the task of miR-122 to modulate tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by aiming AKT3 in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma stemness and chemosensitivity. The method of QRT-PCR was performed to investigate the aspect of miR-122 and AKT3 in tissue sample and cell lines. The evaluation was done using gain- or loss-of-function in order to retrieve the function of miR-122 in the hepatocellular carcinoma cells, including cell multiplication and stemness effects. The properties of hepatocellular carcinoma were discovered by the development of sphere development, cell feasibility, and the emergence of colony. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter, and the RNA pull down evaluation were conducted to investigate the communication between the miR-122 and AKT3. Therefore, a naked mouse xenograft specimen was set up for the in vivo analysis. Results. Here, we determined the new role of AKT3 and unmediated target of miR-122. The reimposition of miR-122 appearance in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines reduces the levels of AKT3 and also hinders the relocation and expansion of cells by prompting apoptosis. These phenotypes are antitumor in nature and can be retrieved by the reorganization of the AKT3 expression which signals the crucial role of AKT3 in the miR-122 arbitrated HCC modification. The in vivo analysis demonstrated the reimposition of miR-122 entirely obstructing the xenograft expansion to manage tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma and a prospective remedial entrant for the liver cancer. Conclusion. In this study, it was observed that miR-122 encourages the stemness role of hepatocellular carcinoma and diminishes the chemosensitivity by cleaning the miR-122 in order to initiate the AKT3. The in vivo study reflected the restoration of miR-122 which completely hinders the xenograft growth to regulate the tumorigenesis in the HCC.
Data Access Control Based on Blockchain in Medical Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Chen Fulong , Huang Jing , Wang Canlin , Tang Yuqing , Huang Cheng , Xie Dong , Wang Taochun , Zhao Chuanxin
Published: October 2021

The current medical cyber physical systems involve a wide range of institutions and a large number of participants. Data sharing among distributed medical institutions is already a development trend. However, the security is worrying; e.g., the access to medical data lacks uniformity and standardization. What is more, data is easy to be tampered with and leaked. This has a very negative impact on the medical industry. Therefore, a strict and reliable access control mechanism for data in the medical cyber physical systems is a prerequisite for ensuring the implementation of modern medical functions. We deal with how to design effective access control in medical cyber physical systems. Combined with blockchain technology, we design the medical cyber physical systems based on blockchain data access control mechanism and unite data in the chain of union Fabric network resources access control. We qualitatively classify medical data, define the weight level of different data, design a medical data access framework based on blockchain, build an applicable model, formulate access control strategy, and specify the role assignment and access task matching of users, so as to achieve secure and effective data access control. The Hyperledger Fabric network is established as the alliance chain for managing access control rights distribution through smart contracts so as to achieve case-based medical data access control under the blockchain.
The Effect of Probiotics in Stroke Treatment
Authors: Zhong Da-Yuan , Li Lan , Ma Ruo-Meng , Deng Yi-Hui
Published: October 2021

Objective. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the curative effect of probiotics combined with enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with stroke. Methods. We retrieved randomized controlled trials and case-controlled trials on the use of probiotics for stroke treatment from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu databases. Retrieval times were from the databases’ inception to November 6, 2020. Two researchers conducted a strict evaluation of the literature quality and extracted the data, which were then entered into RevMan 5.3 for meta-analysis. Results. Twenty-three articles were included, including 1,816 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that probiotics combined with EN did not reduce NIHSS scores of patients with stroke (

P
>
0.05

). However, it did shorten hospital stays and bedrest periods (

P
<
0.05

). Probiotics combined with EN also improved patients’ nutritional status and increased hemoglobin, albumin, serum total protein, and physical and chemical properties of prealbumin (

P
<
0.05

). In terms of relieving inflammation, we found that probiotics combined with EN reduced neither high-sensitivity C-reactive protein nor procalcitonin (

P
>
0.05

). However, it did cause a significant reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10. Probiotics combined with EN significantly reduced esophageal reflux, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gastric retention, and gastrointestinal bleeding. It relieved intestinal stress and reduced the occurrence of adverse reactions such as esophageal reflux, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gastric retention, and gastrointestinal bleeding (

P
<
0.05

). In terms of reducing stroke complications, probiotics combined with EN reduced the incidence of lung, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections (

P
<
0.05

). It also reduced fatality rates and intestinal flora imbalance rates (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The probiotics combined with EN group’s therapeutic effects were superior to those of the EN alone. Thus, probiotics combined with EN is worthy of both clinical application and promotion in stroke treatment.
Digital Rectal Examination Is a Valuable Bedside Tool for Detecting Dyssynergic Defecation: A Diagnostic Study and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Jie , Lv Chaolan , Huang Yizhou , Wang Ying , Wu Dandan , Zhang Cong , Sun Chenyu , Wang Wei , Yu Yue
Published: October 2021

Background. Accurate dyssynergic defecation (DD) diagnosis depends on anorectal physiological tests that are not widely available. Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of digital rectal examination (DRE) compared with anorectal physiological tests in diagnosing DD in patients with constipation. Methods. A total of 218 chronic constipation patients who fulfilled the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for functional constipation (FC) and underwent a standardized DRE and high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) test were enrolled in this study. The diagnostic accuracy of DRE compared with HRAM was evaluated, and the agreement between DRE and HRAM was calculated. Furthermore, a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase database was conducted to further elucidate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of DRE in DD patients. Results. A total of 101 patients (46.33%) had a DD pattern using HRAM, while 117 patients (53.67%) were diagnosed without DD. The sensitivity of DRE in diagnosing dyssynergia was 71.3%, and the specificity was 76.1%. There was a moderate agreement between DRE and HRAM for diagnosing DD (κ-coefficient = 0.474,

P
<
0.001

). Meanwhile, six studies (including our study) comprising 964 constipated patients were included in our meta-analysis. The outcomes demonstrated that the AUC was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.88) with 77% summary sensitivity (95% CI 65–86) and 80% summary specificity (95% CI 71–86) to diagnose DD. Conclusions. DRE could be a valuable tool for screening DD. Our study revealed acceptable sensitivity and specificity of DRE in detecting dyssynergia compared with the physiological tests. Meanwhile, our study highlights that DRE remains an important tool in clinical practice.
Determinants of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension among Mothers Attending Public Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia: Findings from Unmatched Case-Control Study
Authors: Belayhun Yitagesu , Kassa Yibeltal , Mekonnen Niguse , Binu Wakgari , Tenga Mahilet , Duko Bereket
Published: October 2021

Background. It has been estimated that approximately 14% of maternal death has resulted due to pregnancy-induced hypertension. Evidence also suggests that pregnancy-induced hypertension may result in adverse maternal and child outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of pregnancy-induced hypertension among mothers attending antenatal and delivery services at public health hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods. An institutionally based unmatched case-control study was conducted at three public hospitals. A total of 283 study participants were recruited for this study. Cases were selected consecutively as they were being diagnosed for pregnancy-induced hypertension, and two controls were selected for each case. Data were collected via the face-to-face interview technique using a pretested questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictor variables and produced odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association. Results. The mean ± (SD) ages of cases and controls were 26.1 ± 5.4 and 26.1 ± 4.5 years, respectively. Being rural residents (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.09–4.65), illiterate (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.20–8.08), having the history of pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR: 6.62, 95% CI: 2.48–17.71), history of kidney disease (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.05–9.38), and family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 2.73–11.45) were determinants that increased the odds of suffering from hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. More importantly, eating vegetables and fruit reduces the odds of suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension by 77% (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06–0.79). Conclusion. Being rural residents, illiterate, having a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and history of kidney disease, as well as the family history of hypertension were identified determinates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the study area. Furthermore, fruit and vegetable intakes were identified as protective factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention of this disorder are warranted to reduce adverse outcomes.
Experience Control Analysis of English Reading Software Based on Wireless Binocular Line‐of‐Sight Sensing
Authors: Feng Cheng
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a segmented combined English text measurement method based on two sets of orthogonal linear image sensors and one area image sensor. This method fully combines the advantages of the linear image sensor and the area image sensor in long‐distance and short‐distance English text measurement and can continuously perform high‐precision English text tracking within a large range of viewing distance. Based on this method, a set of segmented English text measurement system is designed and constructed. This paper presents a method for extracting English word boundaries based on semantic segmentation to solve the problem of global positioning and horizontal initialization of English reading text. The semantic segmentation method based on fully convolutional networks (FCN) is analyzed, and the target classification is defined. We used the classic FCN framework and model, fine‐tuned with manually annotated data, and achieved good segmentation results. For the definition and extraction of English word boundaries in English text, a piecewise linear model is used to measure the projection confidence of each English word boundary point, and the overall observation of the English word boundary is measured. When the observation confidence is high enough, combined with the English word boundaries marked in the high‐precision image, the horizontal positioning is obtained by matching the weights. This paper concludes that English reading software can help learners in English learning to a certain extent, which proves that the English reading software is an effective supplement based on blended learning classrooms. Through the analysis of learners and teaching content, an English teaching model based on English reading software blended learning is designed. Experimental studies have proved that English reading software can help learners learn English, which not only expands their vocabulary but also broadens their horizons.
GuanXinNing Tablet Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease via Improving Gut Microbiota, Host Metabolites, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rabbits
Authors: Zhang Feng , Xu Yanyun , Shen Liye , Huang Junjie , Xu Songtao , Li Jiaying , Sun Zhichao , He Jiangmin , Chen Minli , Pan Yongming
Published: October 2021

Based on accumulating evidence, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to hypercholesterolemia, gut microbiota, and host metabolites. GuanXinNing Tablet (GXN) is an oral compound preparation composed of two Chinese herbs, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., both of which exert neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the effect of GXN on AD is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether GXN alters cholesterol, amyloid-beta (Aβ), gut microbiota, serum metabolites, oxidative stress, neuronal metabolism activities, and apoptosis in an AD model rabbit fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Our results suggested that the GXN treatment significantly reduced cholesterol levels and Aβ deposition and improved memory and behaviors in AD rabbits. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that GXN ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and improved the abundances of Akkermansia and dgA-11_gut_group. 1H-NMR metabolomics found that GXN regulated 12 different serum metabolites, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and glutamate (Glu). In addition, the 1H-MRS examination showed that GXN remarkably increased N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and Glu levels while reducing myo-inositol (mI) and choline (Cho) levels in AD rabbits, consequently enhancing neuronal metabolism activities. Furthermore, GXN significantly inhibited oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that GXN attenuates AD via improving gut microbiota, host metabolites, and neuronal apoptosis.
Proximate Composition of Thai and Cambodian Ready-to-Eat Insects
Authors: Grabowski N. T. , Chhay T. , Keo S. , Lertpatarakomol R. , Kajaysri J. , Kang K. , Miech P. , Plötz M. , Mitchaothai J.
Published: October 2021

Samples of ready-to-eat snacks based on Lethocerus indicus, Gymnogryllus vietnamensis, Tarbinskiellus portentosus, Teleogryllus mitratus, Bombyx mori, Omphisa fuscidentalis, and Cybister limbatus were purchased in Cambodia and Thailand, and their proximate chemical composition (including Na and Cl) was analysed. Comparing the results with the few existing references from the literature (based on unprocessed specimens), marked differences occurred. This was expected as the insect chemical composition varies strongly intra- and interspecifically due to taxon, feeding, instar, and processing, among others. In general, the insects mainly consisted of fat (35 to 60%) and protein (25 to 38%), with 2 to 16% nitrogen-free extract, 2 to 15% fibre, 3 to 5% ashes, 0.4 to 1.6% Na, and 0.6 to 1.4% Cl (dry matter base). In this way, this contribution adds to the compositional knowledge about traditional insect-based foodstuffs. The combination of high fat and protein with low carbohydrates makes them suitable to combat nutrition disorders.
Sinoorbital Mucormycosis Associated with Corticosteroid Therapy in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mehrabi Zeinab , Salimi Maryam , Niknam Kianoush , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Mamaghani Hesan Jelodari , Sasani Mohammad Reza , Ashraf Mohammad Javad , Salimi Amirhossein , Zahedroozegar Mohammad Hassan , Erfani Zohreh
Published: October 2021

Background. Mucormycosis is a rare and invasive fungal infection, affecting almost exclusively immunocompromised individuals. Immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids which are widely prescribed in COVID-19 patients might be a predisposing factor for opportunistic infections even though the other factors should also be considered. Case Presentation. A middle-aged man without any significant past medical history was admitted to the hospital due to a severe COVID-19 infection. He received a high dose of corticosteroids as a part of the treatment. Five days after discharge, he presents with a headache and fever. Eventually, orbital mucormycosis was diagnosed for him and he was treated with antifungal medications. Conclusion. Opportunistic infections should be considered during the current pandemic of COVID-19, during which corticosteroids are widely prescribed.
Safety of Different Anesthesia Methods Combined with Intravenous Fast Channel Anesthesia in Lower Extremity Orthopedic Surgery of the Elderly
Authors: Chen Peng , Yang Jia , Hu Dandan , Jing Xu , Liu Dajin
Published: October 2021

Objective. To compare the safety of different anesthesia methods combined with intravenous fast channel anesthesia in elderly lower extremity surgery and the effect on postoperative outcome. Methods. A total of 106 elderly patients who underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n = 53) and the observation group (n = 53) according to random number table. All patients received intravenous fast-track anesthesia. On this basis, the control group received spinal-epidural anesthesia, and the observation group received iliac fascial space block on the affected side combined with sciatic nerve block. The operation conditions, blood pressure and heart rate changes, awakening time, postoperative ICU admission rate, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results. There was no statistical difference in the success rate of one-time operation between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The times of using analgesics and vasoactive drugs and the dosage of propofol in the observation group during the operation were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). At T2, T3, and T4, the levels of HR, DBP, and SBP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). After operation, the time of awakening, spontaneous breathing recovery, and extubation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference were statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, the cognitive impairment was the most significant one in the incidence of single complication, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Based on the combined intravenous fast channel anesthesia, the operation difficulty of the affected side iliac fascial space block combined with sciatic nerve block is the same as that of spinal-epidural anesthesia. It has a higher success rate of one operation, better analgesic and anesthetic effects during the operation, and little effect on blood flow of patients. It can maintain relatively stable heart rate and blood pressure and does not easily cause postoperative complications. Its safety is higher than that of spinal-epidural anesthesia.
Multimeric Anti-DR5 IgM Agonist Antibody IGM-8444 Is a Potent Inducer of Cancer Cell Apoptosis and Synergizes with Chemotherapy and BCL-2 Inhibitor ABT-199
Authors: Wang Beatrice T. , Kothambawala Tasnim , Wang Ling , Matthew Thomas J. , Calhoun Susan E. , Saini Avneesh K. , Kotturi Maya F. , Hernandez Genevive , Humke Eric W. , Peterson Marvin S. , Sinclair Angus M. , Keyt Bruce A.
Published: October 2021

Death receptor 5 (DR5) is an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its broad upregulated expression in multiple cancers and ability to directly induce apoptosis. Though anti-DR5 IgG antibodies have been evaluated in clinical trials, limited efficacy has been attributed to insufficient receptor crosslinking. IGM-8444 is an engineered, multivalent agonistic IgM antibody with 10 binding sites to DR5 that induces cancer cell apoptosis through efficient DR5 multimerization. IGM-8444 bound to DR5 with high avidity and was substantially more potent than an IgG with the same binding domains. IGM-8444 induced cytotoxicity in a broad panel of solid and hematologic cancer cell lines but did not kill primary human hepatocytes in vitro, a potential toxicity of DR5 agonists. In multiple xenograft tumor models, IGM-8444 monotherapy inhibited tumor growth, with strong and sustained tumor regression observed in a gastric PDX model. When combined with chemotherapy or the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199, IGM-8444 exhibited synergistic in vitro tumor cytotoxicity and enhanced in vivo efficacy, without augmenting in vitro hepatotoxicity. These results support the clinical development of IGM-8444 in solid and hematologic malignancies as a monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy or BCL-2 inhibition.
Crossing the borders: First record of Bleeding Wrasse, Polylepion cruentum Gomon, 1977 (Labriformes, Labridae), in the Northern Peru
Authors: Britzke Ricardo , Siccha-Ramirez Zoila Raquel , Guevara-Torres Mervin Lilia
Published: October 2021

The Labridae is a species-rich family of colorful fishes distributed globally in different habitats. Polylepion cruentum was described based on type material collected from the Gulf of California, and Quepos, Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It has since been reported from several other localities, including Mexico to Nicaragua and the Cocos Island. Recent collecting efforts in Northern Peru yielded an unusual species of labrid with uncertain taxonomic identity. Measurements, counts, coloration (in life and preserved) and DNA barcoding of the specimen agrees well with Polylepion cruentum. This represents the first record of the species from Northern Peru (Acapulco, Tumbes Department) and South America. The expansion of the distribution range of this species is perhaps due to the input of warm waters to Northern Peru, increasing especially during El Niño events. This new record is important to include in future marine checklists and consequently evaluate the conservation status of this species in Peru.
Comparative morphology of tongue surface in Neotropical aerial insectivore bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Gregorin Renato , Zanatta Patrícia Araújo
Published: October 2021

Comparative morphological characters in Neotropical bats are mostly restricted to external and cranio-dentary complexes, and few studies focusing on other morphological complexes have been carried out. In the case of tongue morphology, comparative analyses of the structure have been restricted to the superfamily Noctilionoidea with a wide range of diets, and Molossidae, a strictly aerial insectivore family. In this paper, we studied the morphology of tongue papillae in 10 aerial insectivore Neotropical bat species, representing six families (Emballonuridae, Furipteridae, Thyropteridae, Mormoopidae, Natalidae, and Vespertilionidae), and data from the previous study of Molossidae were compared. We studied tongues in light and scanning electron microscopes following material preparation protocols. We observed two types of sensitive papillae, circumvallate and fungiform, the latter at times presenting a groove surrounding the papillae. Nine mechanic types were observed, one of them, which we called flaky-like, not hitherto described. All Vespertilionoidea families (Vespertilionidae, Natalidae, and Molossidae) presented, as diagnosing characters, fungiform papillae distributed throughout the tongue, as well as anteriorly at the dorsum, and scale-like papillae on the medial lobe directed laterally and anteriorly. Emballonuridae showed the simplest tongue morphology regarding the presence and abundance of some papillae. Families composing the clade Furipteridae + Thyropteridae + Mormoopidae presented small and non-grooved fungiform papillae, and mechanical bifid papillae were absent. In summary, this study has provided additional traits (putative synapomorphies) of the bat tongue to support the clades on the current bat phylogeny.
O Teatro argentino no Brasil na Primeira República (1889-1930): trocas, encontros e reflexões
Authors: Polleti Daniel
Published: October 2021

Este artigo aborda a recepção do espetáculo argentino pelos críticos e homens de teatro brasileiros na Primeira República (1889–1930). De uma realidade quase ignorada na primeira parte do período estudado, nós observamos pelas crônicas nos jornais e pelas memórias de escritores e artistas que o teatro do país platino passa a ser objeto de interesse crescente para parte dos profissionais brasileiros, que veem na nação vizinha, além de mercado acessível, espaço cujas experiências podem ser aproveitadas para a solução de problemas internos ao mundo do espetáculo brasileiro. Enfim, a aproximação e as trocas que se estabelecem com a Argentina servem de ponto de partida para uma reflexão sobre a própria identidade brasileira e sobre o lugar do Brasil no mundo.
Como nascem as doenças
Authors: Silva Márcia Regina Barros da
Published: October 2021

Resenha do livro: BENCHIMOL, Jaime Larry; JOGAS JUNIOR, Denis Guedes. Uma história das leishmanioses no novo mundo: fins do século XIX aos anos 1960. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fino Traço e Editora Fiocruz, 2020.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure With Hypoperfusion: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice
Authors: Baldetti Luca , Pagnesi Matteo , Gramegna Mario , Belletti Alessandro , Beneduce Alessandro , Pazzanese Vittorio , Calvo Francesco , Sacchi Stefania , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , den Uil Corstiaan A. , Metra Marco , Cappelletti Alberto Maria
Published: October 2021

Trials on intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use in cardiogenic shock related to acute myocardial infarction have shown disappointing results. The role of IABP in cardiogenic shock treatment remains unclear, and new (potentially more potent) mechanical circulatory supports with arguably larger device profile are emerging. A reappraisal of the physiological premises of intra-aortic counterpulsation may underpin the rationale to maintain IABP as a valuable therapeutic option for patients with acute decompensated heart failure and tissue hypoperfusion. Several pathophysiological features differ between myocardial infarction- and acute decompensated heart failure–related hypoperfusion, encompassing cardiogenic shock severity, filling status, systemic vascular resistances rise, and adaptation to chronic (if preexisting) left ventricular dysfunction. IABP combines a more substantial effect on left ventricular afterload with a modest increase in cardiac output and would therefore be most suitable in clinical scenarios characterized by a disproportionate increase in afterload without profound hemodynamic compromise. The acute decompensated heart failure syndrome is characterized by exquisite afterload-sensitivity of cardiac output and may be an ideal setting for counterpulsation. Several hemodynamic variables have been shown to predict response to IABP within this scenario, potentially guiding appropriate patient selection. Finally, acute decompensated heart failure with hypoperfusion may frequently represent an end stage in the heart failure history: IABP may provide sufficient hemodynamic support and prompt end-organ function recovery in view of more definitive heart replacement therapies while preserving ambulation when used with a transaxillary approach.
Simple Convolutional-Based Models: Are They Learning the Task or the Data?
Authors: Sa-Couto Luis , Wichert Andreas
Published: October 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) evolved from Fukushima's neocognitron model, which is based on the ideas of Hubel and Wiesel about the early stages of the visual cortex. Unlike other branches of neocognitron-based models, the typical CNN is based on end-to-end supervised learning by backpropagation and removes the focus from built-in invariance mechanisms, using pooling not as a way to tolerate small shifts but as a regularization tool that decreases model complexity.

These properties of end-to-end supervision and flexibility of structure allow the typical CNN to become highly tuned to the training data, leading to extremely high accuracies on typical visual pattern recognition data sets. However, in this work, we hypothesize that there is a flip side to this capability, a hidden overfitting.

More concretely, a supervised, backpropagation based CNN will outperform a neocognitron/map transformation cascade (MTC) when trained and tested inside the same data set. Yet if we take both models trained and test them on the same task but on another data set (without retraining), the overfitting appears.

Other neocognitron descendants like the What-Where model go in a different direction. In these models, learning remains unsupervised, but more structure is added to capture invariance to typical changes. Knowing that, we further hypothesize that if we repeat the same experiments with this model, the lack of supervision may make it worse than the typical CNN inside the same data set, but the added structure will make it generalize even better to another one.

To put our hypothesis to the test, we choose the simple task of handwritten digit classification and take two well-known data sets of it: MNIST and ETL-1. To try to make the two data sets as similar as possible, we experiment with several types of preprocessing. However, regardless of the type in question, the results align exactly with expectation.
Neural Networks with Disabilities: An Introduction to Complementary Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Terziyan Vagan , Kaikova Olena
Published: October 2021

Machine learning is a good tool to simulate human cognitive skills as it is about mapping perceived information to various labels or action choices, aiming at optimal behavior policies for a human or an artificial agent operating in the environment. Regarding autonomous systems, objects and situations are perceived by some receptors as divided between sensors. Reactions to the input (e.g., actions) are distributed among the particular capability providers or actuators. Cognitive models can be trained as, for example, neural networks. We suggest training such models for cases of potential disabilities. Disability can be either the absence of one or more cognitive sensors or actuators at different levels of cognitive model. We adapt several neural network architectures to simulate various cognitive disabilities. The idea has been triggered by the “coolability” (enhanced capability) paradox, according to which a person with some disability can be more efficient in using other capabilities. Therefore, an autonomous system (human or artificial) pretrained with simulated disabilities will be more efficient when acting in adversarial conditions. We consider these coolabilities as complementary artificial intelligence and argue on the usefulness if this concept for various applications.
China’s Fairness Discourses and Allocation of Climate Responsibility
Authors: Li Feiyue
Published: October 2021

The idea of ‘fairness’ may be viewed as fundamental to a nation’s participation in the development of the international legal system governing climate change. As the second-largest economy and the largest Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emitter in the world, China’s actions on climate change are critical to the global response. Indeed, international cooperation on climate change is unlikely to succeed without China’s active engagement. Therefore, China’s perception of the fairness of responsibility allocation will significantly influence its attitudes toward its international climate responsibilities. However, limited work has been done to date to concretely examine China’s perspective of the fairness of responsibility allocation and to understand its fairness discourses and practices of climate responsibility in a dynamically evolved process. This article aims to fill that gap in the literature by elucidating how China perceives the fair allocation of climate responsibility and how its fairness discourses and practices have evolved over the course of the three phases of international climate change negotiations. It will be shown that China has perceived the factors of historically accumulated emissions, per capita emissions and capability to lie at the very core of its understanding of fairness.
Hedysarum sunhangii (Fabaceae, Hedysareae), a new species from Pamir-Alay (Babatag Ridge - Uzbekistan)
Authors: JURAMURODOV INOM , TOJIBAEV KOMILJON , NIKITINA ELENA , MAKHMUDJANOV DILMUROD , YUSUPOV ZIYOVIDDIN , DENG TAO , DEHKANOV DAVRON
Published: October 2021

Hedysarum sunhangii is a new species described from the Babatag Ridge in the Uzbekistan part of the South-West Pamir-Alay (Central Asia). Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses were utilized to determine the taxonomic position of the species in genus Hedysarum. This new species belongs to the subsect. Crinifera of the sect. Multicaulia and it resembles H. criniferum and H. nuratense, but can be distinguished by details of its 3–4 pairs of larger and elliptical or ovate shaped leaflets, standard and keel sizes.
New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—23. Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov., a new species close to Ph. (T.) conturbata Moravec, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn) and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan), with revised type designation of the latter (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , TRÝZNA MILOŠ
Published: October 2021

Physodeutera (Toxoma) lokobensis sp. nov. is described as new to science from the island of Nosy Be, northern Madagascar (phytogeographically Sambirano). The new species is morphologically similar and obviously close to Physodeutera (T.) conturbata Moravec, 2002, Ph. (T.) sulcoprothoracica (W. Horn, 1913), and Ph. (T.) dubia (Mařan, 1942). Redescriptions and new illustrations of the type specimens of the three similar species with references to their original descriptions and redescriptions with illustrations in the monograph of the genus Physodeutera Lacordaire, 1842 (Moravec 2002a) are presented. The type designation of Ph. (T.) dubia has been revised to rectify the misinterpreted designation in the monograph. A revised key to the subgenus Toxoma Rivalier, 1967 and essential maps of the distribution are also given.