bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospectiva 2014 – 2018 para mipymes dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Vega María Isabel , Ospina Ospina Manuel José
Published: May 2017

El presente trabajo se realizó con el fin de construir y adoptar en forma colectiva una Agenda Prospectiva para el desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia, hacia el año 2014- 2018, mediante un proceso de reflexión, concertación y aplicación de herramientas prospectivas. En el presente estudio fue necesario analizar el comportamiento de la industria del software en Colombia, puesto que es relativamente reciente, pero “el país tiene la oportunidad de capturar una porción creciente del mercado de Tecnologías de Información (TI), si se compromete con un programa sectorial a largo plazo que le permita eliminar barreras significativas”[11]. Actualmente, existe el ministerio de las TIC, que se encuentra impulsando nuevas estrategias para su fortalecimiento. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizaron herramientas metodológicas prospectivas por medio de momentos en los cuales se analizaron: diagnóstico de la situación, los actores implicados y revisión de tendencias en el tema. Las herramientas seleccionadas fueron: Método Delphi, matriz de análisis estructural IGO, método de análisis morfológico y Método de escenarios. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, después del presente trabajo se recomienda generar estrategias dentro de las Mipymes desarrolladoras de software por encargo que les permita a dichas empresas: aprovechar los apoyos que por medio de las leyes de emprendimiento y algunos beneficios tributarios ofrece el gobierno, generar innovación que les permita volverse competitivas, gestionar el conocimiento de tal forma que éste quede documentado y no se cometan los mismos errores del pasado y del presente, revisar los modelos económicos actuales ya que estos son poco eficientes lo que lleva a que muchas de estas empresas se vuelvan inviables financieramente, y realizar adaptaciones tecnológicas acompañadas de trasferencia tecnológica, y capacitación del recurso humano, de tal forma que se permita una evolución en el tiempo de las compañías y del capital humano. Podemos concluir, finalmente, que la elaboración de escenarios, usando herramientas prospectivas que involucren incertidumbre para la generación de posibles escenarios y determinando factores importantes de mercado y de evolución de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia evidencia que faltan modelos de gestión y valoración para las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia y que éstos pueden construirse de forma colectiva con la colaboración de expertos del sector, por medio de la participación activa en diferentes momentos.
nivel de confiabilidad de la modelación usada en la aplicación de Modelos de dispersión de Contaminantes Atmosféricos en los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental del Perú, 2005-2010
Authors: Liñán Abanto Rafael Nary
Published: May 2017

La presente investigación busca determinar el nivel de confiabilidad de la modelación en la aplicación de los Modelos de Dispersión de Contaminantes At- mosféricos (MDCA) en los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) de los grandes proyectos de inversión sometidos al Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental del  Perú (SEIA), entre los años 2005 y 2010. Para la revisión sistemá- tica de las aplicaciones de los MDCA en una muestra representativa de doce (12) proyectos, a partir de una población de 785 EIA, que incluye proyectos mineros, fundiciones y centrales termoeléctricas, usamos un instrumento validado por expertos. Los resultados demuestran que las aplicaciones de los MDCA no se realizaron con una aproximación metodológica adecuada, por consiguiente, su nivel de confiabilidad es bajo debido a que no se estudiaron mi definieron los problemas adecuadamente, no se construyó ni se seleccionó el modelo apropiado, no se especificaron los valores de las variables y los parámetros a evaluar y validar.
Sensorless AC Current Control with Backstepping Design for a PWM AC-DC Converter
Authors: B. Bourahla  , B. Mazari  , S. Moreau  , G. Champenois
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a novel sensorless AC current control
scheme is proposed for the design of PWM AC-DC converter.
This design strategy deals with nonlinear backstepping
controllers and AC current observer to achieve the purpose of
current following. In general, PWM AC-DC converter design
requires AC current measurement to achieve control goals, the
backstepping observer employed estimates the AC current, and
then nonlinear controllers based on backstepping design
algorithm are developed to realize the sensorless AC current for
the PWM AC-DC converter system. The proposed control
scheme is not only to stabilize the PWM AC-DC converter
system, but also to drive the current tracking error to converge
to zero asymptotically. Furthermore, some simulation results
are shown to illustrate excellent performances of the nonlinear
backstepping control design scheme applied to a PWM AC-DC
converter
Proposed New Structure for Fault Current Limiting and Power Quality Improving Functions
Authors: M. Firouzi  , G.B.Gharehpetian  , M. Pishvaie
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the combination of the bridge type fault current limiter and power converter for voltage quality improvement. Common diode bridge fault current limiter and power converter injected together by a common dc link in new structure system. The proposed system can be connected between the beginning and end of feeder connected to critical loads and point of common coupling (PCC) in distribution network. The proposed FCL has been Simulated and Studied by PSCAD/EMTDC.
Model Pembinaan Transformatif untuk Program Pembinaan Karang Taruna
Authors: Hasan Fuad
Published: May 2017

Pemilihan model pembelajaran merupakan langkah penting yang harus dilakukan oleh pembelajar dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, tanpa terkecuali dalam pembinaan karang taruna. Model pembeinaan transformatif untuk program pembinaan karang taruna ini dibuat untuk melaksanakan pembinaan terhadap pengurus dan anggota karang taruna. Model pembinaan ini dibuat dengan mengacu pada model pengembangan yang dibuat oleh Joyce & Weil (1996) yang menggunakan lima komponen. Komponen yang dimaksud adalah (1) sintaksis, (2) sistem sosial, (3) prinsip reaksi, (4) sistem pendukung, dan (5) dampak instruksional dan pengiring. Hasil pengembangan ini berupa buku model pembinaan transformatif untuk program pembinaan karang taruna. Buku model ini terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu, bagian pengantar, model dan panduan implementasi. Buku model ini telah melalui validasi dari ahli bidang studi PLS dengan skor 97,5%, ahli model pembelajaran dengan skor 84,38%, pengguna level 1 dengan skor 79,69%, dan pengguna level 2 dengan skor 82,81%.
Influential Mentoring Practices for Navigating Challenges and Optimizing Learning During an Evaluation Internship Experience
Authors: Poth Cheryl , Anderson-Draper Michelle , El Hassar Btissam
Published: May 2017

Abstract: The increased complexity of contexts that Canadian evaluators work in has important implications for evaluation education. Internship is a valued training component, yet what remains to be identified are empirically based quality indicators of the experience. Analyses of interviews with an intern, mentor, and coordinator supplemented by field notes revealed key features suggesting three influential mentoring practices: orientation to workplace context, autonomy of supervisory approach, and planning for evaluation agility. Implications for evaluation practice and evaluator induction are discussed in light of the Competencies for Canadian Evaluation Practice and three areas influenced by Dr. Lyn Shulha.
A Case Study of the Guiding Principles for Collaborative Approaches to Evaluation in a Developmental Evaluation Context
Authors: Searle Michelle , Merchant Stefan , Chalas Agnieszka , Lam Chi Yan
Published: May 2017

Abstract: Recently, Shulha, Whitmore, Cousins, Gilbert, and al Hudib (2015) proposed a set of evidence-based principles to guide collaboration. Our research undertakes a case study approach to explore these principles in a developmental evaluation context. Data were collected at two points in an 18-month period where an evaluation group collaborated with the program team from a national organization. This article explores the contributions of selected collaborative approaches to evaluation principles as they are applied in a developmental evaluation. The article concludes with a reflection on the implications for collaboration in theory and practice of developmental contexts. Also identified are the practical insights for implementing the principles in evaluation practice.
In Tribute to Lyn Shulha: The Authentic Evaluator
Authors: Greene Jennifer C.
Published: May 2017

Abstract: With great honour, I offer a modest commentary1 on the articles in this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, complemented by reflections on my decades of interactions with and memories of Lyn. My commentary underscores the enduring legacy of Lyn’s significant contributions to the field of evaluation. These contributions largely, though not exclusively, reside in three domains: collaborative approaches to evaluation, the field’s deep commitment to evaluation use, and the substance and contributions of meaningful standards for evaluation practice. My reflections honour Lyn’s kindness, practical scholarship, integrity, and joyful engagement with the full richness of life.
Cognard Type V intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula presenting in a pediatric patient with rapid, progressive myelopathy
Authors: Jermakowicz Walter J. , Weil Alexander G. , Vlasenko Artyom , Bhatia Sanjiv , Niazi Toba N.
Published: May 2017

Cognard Type V dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are a unique type of cranial vascular malformation characterized by congestion of the perimedullary venous system that may lead to devastating spinal cord pathology if left untreated. The authors present the first known case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with a Type V dAVF. A 14-year-old girl presented with a 3-week history of slowly progressive unilateral leg weakness that quickly progressed to bilateral leg paralysis, sphincter dysfunction, and complete sensory loss the day of her presentation. MRI revealed an extensive T2 signal change in the cervical spine and tortuous perimedullary veins along the entire length of the cord. An emergency cranial angiogram showed a Type V dAVF fed by the posterior meningeal artery with drainage into the perimedullary veins of the cervical spine. The fistula was not amenable to embolization because vascular access was difficult; therefore, the patient underwent urgent suboccipital craniotomy and ligation of the arterialized venous drainage from the fistula. The patient’s clinical course immediately reversed; she had a complete recovery over the course of a year, and she remains asymptomatic at the 2-year follow-up. This report adds to a growing body of evidence that describes the diverse and unpredictable nature of Type V dAVFs and highlights the need to obtain a cranial angiogram in pediatric patients with unexplained myelopathy and cervical cord T2 signal change on MRI.
Analysis and interrater reliability of pB-C2 using MRI and CT: data from the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium on behalf of the Pediatric Craniocervical Society
Authors: Hankinson Todd C. , Tuite Gerald F. , Moscoso Dagmara I. , Robinson Leslie C. , Torner James C. , Limbrick David D. , Park Tae Sung , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

The distance to the ventral dura, perpendicular to the basion to C2 line (pB-C2), is commonly employed as a measure describing the anatomy of the craniovertebral junction. However, both the reliability among observers and the clinical utility of this measurement in the context of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) have been incompletely determined.

METHODS

Data were reviewed from the first 600 patients enrolled in the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium with CM-I and syringomyelia. Thirty-one cases were identified in which both CT and MRI studies were available for review. Three pediatric neurosurgeons independently determined pB-C2 values using common imaging sequences: MRI (T1-weighted and T2-weighted with and without the inclusion of retro-odontoid soft tissue) and CT. Values were compared and intraclass correlations were calculated among imaging modalities and observers.

RESULTS

Intraclass correlation of pB-C2 demonstrated strong agreement between observers (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] range 0.72–0.76). Measurement using T2-weighted MRI with the inclusion of retro-odontoid soft tissue showed no significant difference with measurement using T1-weighted MRI. Measurements using CT or T2-weighted MRI without retro-odontoid soft tissue differed by 1.6 mm (4.69 and 3.09 mm, respectively, p < 0.05) and were significantly shorter than those using the other 2 sequences.

Conclusions pB-C2 can be measured reliably by multiple observers in the context of pediatric CM-I with syringomeyelia. Measurement using T2-weighted MRI excluding retro-odontoid soft tissue closely approximates the value obtained using CT, which may allow for the less frequent use of CT in this patient population. Measurement using T2-weighted MRI including retro-odontoid soft tissue or using T1-weighted MRI yields a more complete assessment of the extent of ventral brainstem compression, but its association with clinical outcomes requires further study.
The Gandy–Hyland functional and a computational aspect of Nonstandard Analysis
Authors: Sanders Sam
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we highlight a new computational aspect of Nonstandard Analysis relating to higher-order computability theory. In particular, we prove that the Gandy–Hyland functional equals a primitive recursive functional involving nonstandard numbers inside Nelson’s internal set theory. From this classical and ineffective proof in Nonstandard Analysis, a term from Gödel’s system T can be extracted which computes the Gandy–Hyland functional in terms of a modulus-of-continuity functional and the special fan functional. We obtain several similar relative computability results not involving Nonstandard Analysis from their associated nonstandard theorems. By way of reversal, we show that certain relative computability results, called Herbrandisations, also imply the nonstandard theorem from whence they were obtained. Thus, we establish a direct two-way connection between the field Computability (in particular theoretical computer science) and the field Nonstandard Analysis.
British India and Victorian Literary Culture
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

The book traces the development of British Indian literature from the early days of the nineteenth century to the end of the Victorian period. Previously unstudied poems and essays drawn from the thriving periodicals culture of British India are examined alongside novels and travel-writing by authors including Philip Meadows Taylor, Emma Roberts and Rudyard Kipling, and the historical narratives of James Tod. Opening with an overview and discussion of the literary marketplace of the early nineteenth century, it moves on to the analysis of key moments, events and concerns of Victorian India, including the legacy of the Hastings impeachment, the Indian ‘Mutiny’, the sati controversy, and the rise of Bengal nationalism. These are re-assessed within their literary and political contexts, emphasising the engagement of British writers with canonical British literature (Scott, Byron) as well as the mythology and historiography of India and their own responses to their immediate surroundings. The book examines representations of the experience of being in India, in chapters on the poetry and prose of exile, and the dynamics of consumption. It also analyses colonial representations of the landscape and societies of India itself, in chapters on the figure of the bandit / hero, female agency and self-sacrifice, and the use of historiography to enlist indigenous narratives in the project of Empire.
The Literary Marketplace of British India: 1780–1844
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the material conditions for the emergence of a publishing and print culture in early British India and throughout the first half of the nineteenth century. It explores the demographic and economic factors affecting the development of the publishing industry. It argues that newspapers and literary titles were not simply a conduit for the distribution of the news and culture of ‘home’ across India, but also provided a forum in which the British community in India could write for (and often about) itself, thus enabling the development of a sense of local and colonial identity, related to but also set apart from the identity of the British at ‘home’.
Romantic Heroes and Colonial Bandits
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that British literary representations of Indian practices (such as banditry) criminalized by the colonial state had the effect of transforming the eighteenth-century stereotype of the ‘mild Hindoo’ into a predatory Indian masculinity formed in opposition to a weak and victimized femininity. It presents an analysis of a series of representations of India developed through the appropriation of British metropolitan forms and texts, in which the potential for threat to the British colonial state implicit in depictions of Indian agency is disabled or negated by the distancing or alienation of Indian figures from British readers. The chapter examines British Indian adaptations of the most important of these nineteenth-century metropolitan models – the works of Byron and Scott – and the ways in which their depiction of the criminal bandit / hero is appropriated and transformed in the Indian context.
Imagining India through Annals and Antiquities of Rajast’han
Authors: ní Fhlathúin Máire
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on representations of Indian agency derived from British scholarship on Indian history and mythology, with particular reference to James Tod’s Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan. It argues that the narrative richness of Rajasthan and its colourful vision of India’s past contributed to its impact on British readers and writers, while the work also created a narrative space where Indian self-determination could be imagined with less concern for its impact on the contemporary colonial project. The chapter also discusses successive British versions of the story of the Rajput princess Kishen Kower, which becomes an exemplary vehicle for tracing the changing representation of female agency in the literature of British India, and exploring its interactions with British ideas of gender norms and femininity.
An Apocalyptic History of the Early Fatimid Empire
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

The Fatimids’ apocalyptic vision of their central place in an imminent utopia played a critical role in transfiguring the intellectual and political terrains of North Africa in the early tenth century. Yet the realities that they faced on the ground often challenged their status as the custodians of a pristine Islam at the end of time. Through an examination of a variety of sources including works of taʾwīl or symbolic interpretation, this book illustrates some of the specific structures and functions of Fatimid apocalypticism. It then examines how various components of the apocalyptic myth—especially the utopia that it promised—evolved in response to shifting historical circumstances. The book also focuses on how the evolution of apocalyptic symbolism was related to the Fatimids’ consolidation of authority. The book ends with an extensive analysis of both the ritual and textual dimensions of another apocalyptic event linked to a Fatimid lineage: the Nizari Ismaili declaration of the end of time on August 8, 1164.
Introducing Ismaili Apocalypses
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This is a book about apocalypticism, a mode of religiosity so powerful and generative that it has been implicated in a variety of major events across geographies and time periods. Apocalypticism played a significant role in the rise of major religious traditions such as Christianity...
From ẓāhir to bāṭin: An Introduction to Fatimid Hermeneutics
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the details of the early Fatimid interpretive process. It emphasizes how the process of taʾwīl or esoteric interpretation was related to Fatimid conceptions of sacred history and allegiance to the imams. This taʾwīl was an interpretive modality that envisioned the Quran as having a multiplicity of hidden meanings whose true nature can be derived only by the imam of the time and his authorized agents. The true nature of this interpretation was hidden; it is bāṭin, and is distinct from what is outwardly apparent, the ẓahir; thus the true meaning of things could be known only by the elect. This interpretive modality was fused to Fatimid conceptions of sacred history, a history punctuated primarily by seven law-giving prophets. The sixth law-giving prophet was Muḥammad, who entrusted the esoteric elements of divine revelation to ʿAlī, the first imam. The last speaker-prophet was the mahdi whom organizers of the Fatimid movement claimed would reappear soon.
Actualising the End: The Nizari Declaration of the Resurrection
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides a historical overview and analysis of the Nizari Ismaili declaration of the Resurrection (qiyāma) on August 8, 1164. It argues that this declaration cannot be dismissed as an aberrant manifestation of antinomianism. Rather, it shows how the deployment of apocalyptic symbolism provided a theological framework for the transfer of authority from hidden to present imam. This transfer of authority provided a resolution to three logistical problems facing the Nizari community.
Conclusion
Authors: Velji Jamel A.
Published: May 2017

In this book I have traced an evolutionary trajectory of various iterations and manifestations of Fatimid apocalyptic myth. It first illustrated how social structures such as oath-taking, tithing, and centres of the daʿwa terrestrially instantiated a vision for the establishment of utopia on earth, a utopia to be inaugurated imminently by the ...
The Rise of Democracy
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

Little over 200 years ago, a quarter of a century of warfare with an ‘outlaw state’ brought the great powers of Europe to their knees. That state was the revolutionary democracy of France. In the intervening period, there has been a remarkable transformation in the way democracy is understood and valued – today, it is the non-democratic states that are seen as rogue regimes. This book looks at the historical contrast between the strongly negative perceptions of democracy in the 18th century and the very high degree of acceptance and legitimacy in contemporary international politics. It considers democracy’s remarkable rise from obscurity to centre stage in contemporary international relations, and uses history as a foundation for developing a normative defence of democracy.
Introduction: Beyond the ‘End of History’
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter provides an introduction to the central arguments and themes of the book. It considers the standing of democracy following the end of the Cold War, noting that liberal democracy still remains ideationally in the ascent a quarter of a century later. It is suggested that there is a strong need to understand the history of democracy in order to comprehend the challenges and problems it currently faces. The historical approach the book takes is outlined, proposing that there is a need to explore democracy’s development in relation to the emergence of modern international society.
Thucydidean Themes: Democracy in International Relations
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores existing scholarship on democracy in international relations, focusing primarily on the democratic peace research programme. The remainder of the chapter provides the theoretical and conceptual framework for the book. It identifies how conceptions of democracy have developed in relation to principles of sovereignty and legitimacy in international society. A conceptual history methodology is proposed, which is outlined by drawing on the work of Quentin Skinner and Reinhart Koselleck. The final part of the chapter uses Thucydides to draw out some key themes of the book.
Fear and Faith: The Founding of the United States
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the ambiguous role played by democracy in America’s founding. The revolutionaries thinking was heavily shaped by classical interpretations of democracy, illustrated through a pre-history of the concept. The result was what may now seem like a rather odd arrangement: the attempt to base the United States on popular sovereignty and establish a government that was answerable to the people, while refusing to label it a democracy. The chapter explores how the founders sought to reconcile these contradictory aims through instituting a representative form of popular rule. While the founding of the United States did not significantly alter conceptions of democracy as a governmental form, popular sovereignty was asserted in a very powerful manner and in so doing, the Americans helped introduce a new, and revolutionary, conception of sovereignty into international society.
From the Brink to ‘Triumph’: The Twentieth Century
Authors: Hobson Christopher
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the ‘long war’ between the competing ideologies of democracy, communism and fascism that defined the twentieth century. Only decades after World War One, democracy’s existence was threatened. The Allied countries would fight in democracy’s name, but it was a war for survival against the vicious imperialism of the Axis powers. The grand alliance between the democratic powers and the Soviet Union defeated fascism, but this was due in large part to force of numbers and the self-destructiveness of the Nazis. Contestation continued between the two remaining ideologies of democracy and communism until the end of the Cold War. In 1989 the ideological contestation that had defined so much of the twentieth century was replaced by a remarkable consensus around liberal democracy. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the liberal zeitgeist of the post-Cold War era.
Introduction
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

The films of a nation reflect its mentality in a more direct way than other artistic media … What films reflect are not so much explicit credos as psychological dispositions – those deep layers of collective mentality which extend more or less below the dimension of consciousness....
The Lives of Others: Vulnerability in Post-9/11 American Cinema
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

This chapter is an exploration of the representation of vulnerability in contemporary American film. It analyses the broader cultural tendencies of post-9/11 film with a detailed exploration of films like Syriana, United 93 and Zero Dark Thirty.
The Rise and Fall of Empires: The ‘War on Terror’ as Allegorical Moment in Historical Film
Authors: McSweeney Terence
Published: May 2017

This chapter interrogates historical films made in the new millennium by the American film industry and argues that they may be able to reflect broader cultural trends which become encoded in their narratives. It offers a detailed analysis of 300, King Arthur, Kingdom of Heaven, The Alamoand The Eagle.
Introduction: What are Arctic Cinemas?
Authors: MacKenzie Scott , Stenport Anna Westerståhl
Published: May 2017

In their “Introduction,” Scott MacKenzie and Anna Westerståhl Stenport coin a new rubric within World Cinema called “Arctic Cinemas.” They position different forms of Arctic filmmaking, whose interrelations are often overlooked to uncover a counter-history that reveals the complexity of Arctic moving image representation. Films on Ice is the first book to present a transnational and global range of Arctic film and moving image practices, addressing the great cinematic diversity of representation and production practices in the region. Engendering a dialogue between insiders and outsiders, the book’s examples are drawn from three distinct but interrelated groups: 1) films made by Arctic residents, but mostly seen in the South through film festivals, specialty TV channels, and the Internet; 2) films made outside the Arctic, typically by outsiders, and viewed mostly in the South and; 3) films made and viewed by Arctic residents through narrowcast, broadcast, digital streaming, and alternative venues.
Fact and Fiction in ‘Northerns’ and Early ‘Arctic’ Films
Authors: Potter Russell A.
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses the very first Arctic-set films, including the Danish Polar Bear Hunt (1906) for Nordisk, and situates burgeoning American feature film production as a continuum of pre-cinematic practices that presented the unknown Arctic, and its populations, through staged and recognisably fictional sets and exhibition modes. As these practices developed into narrative French and Hollywood silent cinema by Méliès Porter, the malleability of the Arctic region continued to be made evident through location substitution. Potter examines the early productions of companies such as Selig Polyscope and Pathé to trace the ways in which the Arctic ‘Northern’ became a staple of early cinema, and the way in which these early films blended fact and fiction. He furthermore addresses the production and early circulation of the Nell Shipman films Back to God’s Country (1919) and God’s Country and the Woman (1916), based on the writings of James Oliver Curwood.
White on White: Twenty-First-Century Norwegian Horror Films Negotiate Masculinist Arctic Imaginaries
Authors: Henlin-Strømme Sabine
Published: May 2017

Identifying how the appropriation of Hollywood horror films engage with the notion of an Arctic sublime, this chapter examines how contemporary Norwegian horror films are mobilised partly to subvert the gender and ethnicity hierarchies predominant in the Heroic Polar Exploration narratives of Norway, established by Nansen, Amundsen, and others. Foregrounding feminist critiques of the horror genre by Carol J. Clover and Barbara Creed and identifying the rise in Norwegian popular genre films such as ‘skrekkfilm’ (horror and gore), Henlin-Strømme focuses the discussion on films such as Roar Uthaug Cold Prey (2006) and Tommy Wirkola Dead Snow (2009). The chapter addresses how dominant historical narratives of the Arctic can begin to be renegotiated through forms of popular global culture.
Transcending the Sublime: Arctic Creolisation in the Works of Isaac Julien and John Akomfrah
Authors: Lúthersdóttir Helga Hlaðgerður
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the aesthetic strategies and political impetus of contemporary film artists who challenge the notion of an Arctic explorer as a heroic white male, striding forth on his own to conquer the white sublime. Focusing on Isaac Julien’s video and art installation True North (2004) and John Akomfrah’s The Nine Muses (2010). Luthersdottir foregrounds the myriad ways in which these films and art works partake in a creolisation of the white Arctic. The chapter thereby foregrounds an overlooked and complementary historical and cinematic record, which is explicit about the significance of identity politics and colonial legacies in the north, rather than reifying established representational norms.
Introduction
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that not only has the 21st century seen a rise in popularity of the vampire and zombie in film and television but that this period has also witnessed an increased dialogue between these two conceptions of the undead, which highlights symmetry over opposition. This chapter argues that the increased interconnection between vampires and zombies in popular culture is a result of a growing pre-occupation with notions of apocalypse. Rather than simply presenting this development as a response to the events of 9/11, this chapter posits that since the turn of the millennium there has been a growing fascination with the apocalypse within contemporary media, responding to a range of transformative global events. It is through fictions surrounding the vampire and zombie that the trauma of these events is negotiated. Case studies include Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel.
‘Cancer with a Purpose’: Putting the Vampire Under the Microscope
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the relationship between the vampire and science from its origins in folklore through to 21st century science-fiction cinema. It considers how the vampire in film has increasingly been re-imagined through the language of science, with a particular emphasis upon discourses surrounding virology, pandemic, contagion, that have played a significant role within the genre’s development. The chapter also considers how the blood of the vampire has, in recent years, increasingly been presented as a cure for human ailments and explore the relationship between this narrative trope and a growing culture of bio-politics and bio-medicine. Case studies include Blade, Twilight, Rise, I Am Legend, Underworld, Daybreakers and Perfect Creature.
The Cinematic Rising: The Resurgence of the Zombie
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter discusses how between 2002-2005 a selection of films emerged that sought to re-imagine the zombie film through the lens of 21st century cultural and scientific pre-occupations. The global blockbuster, and critical, success of these films served to launch a renaissance of zombie cinema that continues to dominate contemporary horror films. Like the vampire, the new zombie film has been reconceived through the language of science via discourses of virology and pandemic, but also through the language of 21st century media, in the form of the found footage film. This chapter discusses this new, post-Romero, zombie film in the light of 9/11 and the growing culture of apocalypse that dominates contemporary media. Case studies include [REC], 28 Days Later, Resident Evil, Land of the Dead, Diary of the Dead, and Dawn of the Dead.
They Walk Among Us: Vampires and Zombies in Popular Culture
Authors: Abbott Stacey
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers a brief consideration of the role that the renewed popularity of the vampire and zombie plays within popular culture. Through consideration of the growing popularity of zombie walks, zombie runs, vampire fashion, vampire cosplay, this chapter argues that a fascination with the undead is a response to an unsettling cultural climate in which we are bombarded by the threat of annihilation but also serves as evidence of a cultural appropriation of this apocalyptic threat.
Islamic Reform in Twentieth-Century Africa
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

Based on twelve case studies (Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and the Comoros), this books provides the first comprehensive analysis of Muslim movements of reform in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa. It looks at patterns and peculiarities of different traditions of Islamic reform, considering both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform in their respective historical and regional contexts. It stresses the importance of the local context to explain the different trajectories of development. The books studies the social, religious, and political impact of these reform movements in both historical and contemporary times and asks why some movements of reform have become successful as popular mass movements, gaining influence among African middle class groups, while others failed to attract substantial audiences. It considers jihad-minded movements in contemporary Mali, northern Nigeria and Somalia and looks at modes of transnational entanglement of movements of reform. Equally, the book discusses the biographies of major reformist scholars and addresses the importance of generational dynamics in the development of movements of reform. Against the background of a general inquiry into what constitutes “reform”, the text responds to the question of what “reform” actually means for Muslims in contemporary Africa.
Introduction: The Context of Reform
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces the general historical and social framework of reform, namely, the dynamics of modernization in colonial and post-colonial times. It also discusses the emergence of African middle class groups which became the social basis for reform movements. Processes of social change were characterized by the development of multiple hybridities and interfaces between different social and religious movements.
What is Reform?
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter defines the central terms of the book: What is reform, what are the markers of reform, what characterizes processes of reform, what is Salafi-oriented reform and how is Salafi-oriented reform different from Sufi-oriented reform? The chapter presents doctrinal distinction, symbolic distantiation, social separation and spatial segregation as the major features of Salafi-oriented reform. It introduces major intellectual trends of Salafi-oriented reform, it also introduces the major intellectual exponents of Salafi-oriented reform in Africa and stresses the importance of generational change. The chapter points out that movements of reform are not monolithic organizations but characterized by the existence of traditions of dispute on many different levels. The chapter presents the major trends within Salafi-oriented reform that are informed by different approaches to political strategy, education, militancy and piety. The chapter finally discusses different ways of constructing Muslim societies and concludes that such epistemic constructions usually rely on essentialisations that are often misleading when applied to larger social and historical contexts.
Reform in Context II: Northern Nigeria (and Niger)
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces northern Nigeria as the regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. It shows again that neither movement of reform was monolithic but characterized by multiple splits. The chapter presents Abubakar Gumi as the first major representative of Salafi-minded reform in northern Nigeria and discusses the emergence of the ‘Yan Izala as the first Salafi-oriented movement of reform that also became a popular mass movement. Due to its conservative political positions, the ‘Yan Izala movement was challenged by more radical movements such as the “Islamic Movement” led by Ibrahim al-Zakzaki. Some radical movements eventually advocated jihad as in the case of the Boko Haram movement. Some ‘Yan Izala fractions, representing a second generation of Salafi-minded reformers, came to form the ahl al-sunna movement of reform which played a major role in the implementation of “political shariÝa” in the 2000s. The chapter finally compares the development of Salafi-oriented reform in northern Nigeria with developments in neighbouring Niger and shows that the failure of Salafi-minded reform in Niger was again linked with the different historical and social context.
Reform in Context V: Zanzibar (and the Comoros)
Authors: Loimeier Roman
Published: May 2017

This chapter introduces Zanzibar as the regional context for the emergence of both Sufi- and Salafi-oriented movements of reform. Zanzibar’s history since the late 19th century was informed by the emergence of an Omani political aristocracy and the development of a reform movement led by religious scholars of the Alawiyya Sufi order as well as reform-minded scholars such as Abdallah Salih al-Farsy. The revolution in Zanzibar in January 1964 not only put an end to Omani rule, it also ended the hegemony of the Alawi religious establishment. In the aftermath of the revolution, Zanzibar’s socialist regime war opposed by Saudi trained Salafi-minded groups, known as “ansar al-sunna”. Until today, Salafi-oriented groups have not managed to become a popular mass movement, yet, have become a voice of opposition. The chapter finally compares the development of Salafi-oriented reform in Zanzibar with the development of Islamic reform in the Comoros. Despite some striking similarities, such as a revolution in 1975, the development of the Comoros was marked by a turn towards “Islam” after a coup d’Etat in 1978. The emergence of a Salafi-oriented movement of reform was linked with its protest against the increasingly corrupt political system of the Comoros in the 1980s and 1990s.
Ossianic History and Bluestocking Feminism
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the Bluestockings’ role in the development of the Scottish Enlightenment’s cross-cultural theories of human development and in the popularization of their literary equivalent, Macpherson’s Ossian poems. In addition to recovering the epistolary record of Elizabeth Montagu’s influence on major figures of the Scottish Enlightenment as well as the popular Ossianic feasts she incorporated into her London salons, it discusses the Ossianic imitations of Catherine Talbot, Montagu’s friend and contemporary. Montagu’s Ossian-themed feasts—attended by James Macpherson, other Scottish literati, and her Bluestocking circle—enacted the equivalent social relationships and produced the refined social sentiments conjectured in Macpherson’s poems and theorized in the Scottish Enlightenment. Montagu’s correspondence documents the Bluestockings’ responses to the work of their Scottish contemporaries and their contribution to the new maps of historical development generated by the Scots at mid-century. The final portion of this chapter argues that Catherine Talbot tested this emergent historical consciousness in her Ossianic imitations, which reflect on the Seven Years War and women’s role in the civilizing process.
Poetry, Paratext, and History in Radcliffe’s Gothic
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

This chapter argues that attention to Ann Radcliffe’s use of Scots poetry in the epigraphs of The
Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) transforms the female gothic into an historical instead of a psychological analytic. In the tension between Udolpho’s representations of female sensibility and its paratext—what Gerard Genette calls the “border” or “threshold” of the text—this chapter finds an uneven and non-linear feminist historiography capable of producing unconventional accounts of women’s experiences of British imperial and commercial growth. Specifically, Radcliffe uses James Thomson’s The Castle of Indolence (1748) and James Beattie’s The Minstrel (1771) as signposts for her heroine’s journey, grafting Emily St. Aubert’s “progress” onto debates about history, the relationship between manners and economic structures, and the place of women in historical narrative.
Stadial Fiction or the Progress of Taste
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

The final chapter argues that the questions about women and the civilizing process first raised in the relatively elite milieu of Montagu’s Bluestocking salons migrated into the popular fiction of the Romantic era, shaping conversations about women and historical progress into the nineteenth century. The term conjectural fiction borrows from Dugald Stewart’s term “conjectural history,” which describes the stadial method of historiography developed during the Scottish Enlightenment. Conjectural fiction highlights Regina Maria Roche and Maria Edgeworth’s use of the feminine and aesthetic categories of delicacy, elegance, and beauty to gauge changing historical and economic conditions in their fiction. This comparative approach to charting progress also migrated into aesthetic theories from the same period, including Hugh Blair’s Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (1783), Lord Kames’s Essay on Criticism (1762), and Dugald Stewart’s Essay on Taste (1810).
Epilogue: Women Writers in the Age of Ossian
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

Women writers’ engagement with the Ossian poems and Enlightenment historiography raises important questions about feminist literary historiography, which has been wrestling with methodological questions and attempting to both develop aesthetic criteria for women’s literature and think beyond women writers’ problematic association with the domestic novel. Women writers’ engagement with Ossianic poetry provides an alternative mode for thinking about women’s literary history; by rewriting and revising Ossian’s poetry in verse and novels and adapting Scottish modes of historiography to literature, women writers shaped the social and aesthetic structures that informed the larger British Empire. In doing so, they argued for the cultural relativity of aesthetic categories and used poetry and gothic and historical novels to map and critique gender’s placement in narratives of imperial and economic development.
Introduction: A Feminine Enlightenment?
Authors: DeLucia JoEllen
Published: May 2017

Recent scholarship on the role emotion and sympathy played in the Enlightenment’s mapping of historical progress invites a reconsideration of the women writers who are the subject of this book: Mary Wollstonecraft’s contemporaries, including first- and second-generation Bluestockings and gothic and historical novelists, who are often placed outside a feminist literary tradition because of their endorsement of the feminine and refined emotions she critiques in her A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). The mid-eighteenth-century explosion of literary, philosophical, and historical narratives that theorized what Scottish Enlightenment philosophers called “the progress of the female sex” not only made gender central to understandings of the civilizing process, but was also shaped by the work of these writers. A Feminine Enlightenment places this argument in conversation with recent work by J.G.A. Pocock and others on multiple Enlightenments, literary scholars on the Scottish Enlightenment, and feminist critics on women writers’ responses to Enlightenment.
Introduction
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

Consider the following items of news:

Mark Boyd, an 18-year-old Protestant youth, is knocked down by a hit-and-run driver on ‘the Shankill’, the notorious stretch of road running through West Belfast’s Loyalist heartland. Laying in agony with a broken leg, two men approach him to offer assistance. But before doing so, they summon him to sing the Sash, the sectarian song popular among Northern Ireland’s Protestant population. Unfortunately, Mark does not know its words. In spite of all his assertions that he is Protestant and not Catholic, he is set upon by the would-be good Samaritans, only escaping a potentially worse fate at their hands by fleeing to a nearby take-away store....
Non-essentialist Solidarity
Authors: Vasilev George
Published: May 2017

Chapter 1 develops a pluralist account of solidarity against monist assertions tying the phenomenon to national essences. The notion that diverse citizens become obligated towards one another only through sharing national commonalities is a deeply influential one. However, it is argued such monist insights need to be rejected, as they are founded on mistaken assumptions about the nature of collective identity and imply a programme of national socialisation that is both normatively unsustainable and lacks practicality in contexts of deep diversity. In the place of this essentialist thinking, the chapter advances a concept of solidarity that avoids dependence on shared cultural attributes. Solidarity, it proposes, is what differently situated actors experience when they are prepared to respect each other’s stated desires for self-determination, recognition and distribution.