bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biolixiviación en tanque de un concentrado de cobre utilizando los microorganismos moderadamente termofílicos Sulfobacillus thermosulfidoxidans KMM3 y Sulfobacillus acidophilus KMM26
Authors: Manafi Zahra , Kargar Mohammad , Kafilzadeh Farshid
Published: December 2021

Se ha investigado, a escala de laboratorio, el proceso de biolixiviación de un concentrado de cobre utilizando microorganismos termófilos moderados como una alternativa al proceso de fundición convencional; asimismo se han evaluado las condiciones experimentales óptimas para la extracción de cobre en términos de densidad de pulpa, pH y tamaño de partículas del concentrado cuprífero. La experimentación se llevó a cabo en un biorreactor de 5 l de capacidad. Y utilizando dos especies de Sulfobacillus. Los resultados mostraron que, después de 12 días, más del 80% del cobre se puede extraer del concentrado de calcopirita. Las condiciones óptimas para la extracción del metal fueron: una densidad de pulpa del 5% (p/v), un pH inicial de 1 y un tamaño de partícula (d80) de 45 µm. Los resultados de esta investigación contribuirán al diseño, por parte de la Compañía Iranian Babak Copper (IBCCO), de una planta industrial de biolixiviación en tanques de una capacidad anual de 50.000 t de cátodo de cobre.
Inscription spatiale des trajectoires de recours aux soins à São Paulo et inégalités urbaines
Authors: Iosti Pauline
Published: December 2021

A metrópole de São Paulo apresenta fortes desigualdades socioespaciais, que se traduzem no campo da saúde. Entretanto, estas desigualdades de saúde foram estudadas principalmente pelo prisma da oferta de atenção à saúde, sem considerar as práticas de saúde reais dos indivíduos, a margem de negociação deles, ou a inscrição espacial destas práticas no espaço urbano. Pois, este artigo busca contribuir para um melhor entendimento das desigualdades de saúde em São Paulo, analisando a inscrição espacial das trajetórias individuais de saúde no espaço urbano. Uma metodologia qualitativa é adotada, baseada na análise de 43 entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas entre 2017 e 2018 no bairro da Vila Clara, e no mapeamento de duas dessas trajetórias. Os resultados mostram as importantes barreiras espaciais enfrentadas pelos usuários exclusivos do sistema de saúde público. Mostramos também que todos os usuários conseguem negociar as práticas de saúde deles para melhorar a dimensão espacial dessas práticas. No entanto, estas negociações revelam-se desigualmente eficazes para melhorar as espacialidades de saúde dos indivíduos. As trajetórias dos usuários do sistema de saúde privado são sempre mais simples, menos dispersas no espaço urbano e mais em linha com as mobilidades cotidianas deles, do que as trajetórias dos usuários do sistema público, que geralmente são mais vulneráveis. No final, a análise das trajetórias individuais de utilização da atenção à saúde prova ser uma abordagem relevante para identificar desigualdades de saúde, bem como desigualdades urbanas.
La fabrique des plantes globales. Une géographie de la mondialisation des végétaux d’Amazonie
Authors: Beaufort Bastien
Published: December 2021

Loin d’être une région sous-peuplée, sauvage ou vierge, l’Amazonie apparaît au contraire comme la fabrique des plantes globales. Quels sont les mécanismes de la globalisation des plantes d’Amazonie ? Nous verrons au cours de cet article que la globalisation des végétaux d’Amazonie repose sur un ensemble de processus socio-écologiques à l'œuvre dans le temps et l’espace que nous nommons strates de mondialisation et qui, combinées, forment la globalisation des plantes. Ces strates s’articulent autour de filières marchandes globales, qui sont elles-mêmes alimentées par une logique extractiviste-capitaliste. La compréhension de la fabrique des plantes globales apparaît comme une condition nécessaire pour mettre en œuvre une répartition équitable des richesses issues de la biodiversité, dont les peuples amazoniens et la région n’ont que peu bénéficié.
Nambekó-dabadakibá, o lugar onde o facão foi pendurado – o yara chegou - Contato interétnico e reconfigurações territoriais dos Paiter Suruí na Terra Indígena Sete de Setembro, Cacoal/RO
Authors: Melo Kelli Carvalho , Silva Adnilson de Almeida
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo trata-se de uma reflexão e análise acerca das representações originárias do povo Paiter Suruí a partir do contato estabelecido, no ano de 1969, com a sociedade não indígena. Tal contato tem proporcionado em novos modos de apreensão de seu território, bem como o estabelecimento de intercâmbios, os quais originaram impactos, estes marcam na Terra Indígena Sete de Setembro (Paiterey Karah) a configuração de como passaram a atuar em seu modo de vida. Nossa abordagem metodológica refere-se à revisão bibliográfica, por meio dos autores (Cassirer, Cunha, Mindlin, Miller, Ribeiro, Sauer, Santos, Lima, Suruí e Almeida Silva, dentre outros), com ênfase qualitativa e exploratória com trabalho de campo (pesquisa participante) e entrevistas no território Sete de Setembro. A abordagem alicerça-se nos princípios teóricos das representações presentes na Fenomenologia de Cassirer. Os resultados se expressam na permanência de seus valores originários, ao tempo que a mudança surge como estratégia para enfrentar novos desafios que são colocados no contexto sócio-político-cultural da sociedade abrangente atual.
Mapeamento da desterritorialização etnolinguística no Sudeste e Leste do Brasil durante as primeiras invasões europeias (1500-1700 EC)
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Martins dos
Published: December 2021

Análise cartográfica do processo de desterritorialização etnolinguística de povos originários do leste de Abya Yala, e consequente territorialização de povos europeus invasores. A acelerada diminuição da diversidade linguística do planeta é marcante na globalização. Esse processo se torna evidente nas Américas a partir do final do século XV, com as invasões europeias. Mediante análises cartográficas e antropogeográficas busca-se entender qual era a distribuição geográfica das áreas etnolinguísticas, por meio das quais é possível apontar propostas de territórios e regiões etnolinguísticas no Sudeste e Leste do Brasil, nos dois primeiros séculos de invasão eurocidental. O presente texto apresenta proposta de mapeamento desses espaços a partir de fontes qualitativas ineditamente mapeadas, e aponta locais de onde partiu sua desfiguração. As conclusões são de que havia diversas porções desse espaço que poderiam ser consideradas hotspots etnolinguísticos, mas que foram eliminados por meio do processo de desorganização territorial ocasionado a partir do século XVI. Isso fortaleceu o que hoje é identificado como globalização.
Redes pessoais e fragmentação socioespacial urbana: as hipóteses da fragmentação
Authors: Furini Luciano Antonio , Alves Afonso Muzzo
Published: December 2021

A especificidade do processo fragmentação socioespacial urbana se configura por abarcar outros processos já existentes em nossas cidades, caracterizando uma dinâmica própria. Neste estudo busca-se debater este tema a partir da análise das categorias forma, função, estrutura e processo com os resultados do estudo de caso de Maringá, cidade situada no estado do Paraná, Brasil. A metodologia, a partir da análise de redes sociais, pessoais, permitiu caracterizar os padrões das práticas urbanas e os resultados possibilitaram identificar a hipótese das redes socioespaciais, no contexto da lógica fragmentária.
Planejamento ambiental de ecossistemas lacustres litorâneos em áreas protegidas: o caso da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Lagamar, litoral norte fluminense, Brasil
Authors: Firmino Luana Aparecida Castro , Bulhões. Eduardo Manuel Rosa
Published: December 2021

Os ecossistemas lacustres litorâneos são ambientes de importante valor ecológico, social e econômico, mas extremamente instáveis e sensíveis às atividades antrópicas. Esses ambientes são regidos por um amplo e complexo arcabouço legal que, apesar de existir, não garante que esses espaços sejam efetivamente protegidos. Um dos principais meios utilizados para assegurar a proteção de áreas naturais relevantes é a criação de áreas protegidas que utilizam do planejamento ambiental, como ferramenta de organização e ordenamento espacial, para compatibilizar os usos e assim manter o equilíbrio entre sistema natural e antrópico. O objetivo desse artigo é contribuir com a discussão em torno do planejamento ambiental de ecossistemas lacustres inseridos em áreas protegidas e aplicar a metodologia de análise integrada da paisagem, a partir de critérios sistêmicos e geoecológicos, para a proposição de ações e elaboração de políticas públicas nessas áreas. A área de estudo escolhida abrange um corpo lacustre litorâneo legalmente protegido, localizado no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, na região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostram a situação atual e estado ambiental de degradação das Unidades de Paisagem e traz uma proposição de zoneamento e de cenário futuro para essa área em questão. A abordagem de análise empregada mostrou-se eficaz para a proposição do planejamento, no qual foi possível observar a evolução e a situação atual do ambiente, sendo uma importante ferramenta de gestão e para a formulação de políticas públicas de áreas úmidas litorâneas.
Gaston d’Orléans et les modèles antiques dans la littérature panégyrique : une étude comparative entre fils de France et infants d’Espagne
Authors: Duchesne Marion
Published: December 2021

Au début du xviie siècle, les naissances de fils de France et d’infants d’Espagne – qui ont lieu et se suivent dans un parallélisme dynastique presque parfait – sont accueillies par de conventionnelles productions encomiastiques. Les enfançons royaux – non seulement le prince héritier, mais également les puînés – y sont comparés à de nombreux héros antiques et font l’objet de glorieux pronostics. Au-delà des topiques invoqués par cette littérature de circonstance, et derrière les métaphores antiques, transparaît un miroir du prince cadet que nous nous proposons de reconstruire. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence le statut et les fonctions attachés aux fils seconds de roi et ce, dans une logique comparative qui souligne les points de convergence et de divergence institutionnels dans les monarchies française et espagnole. Là où la France célèbre ses puînés, l’Espagne fait peu de cas des siens. De cet état de fait constatable dans la littérature encomiastique résulte l’explication de ce que les qualificatifs appliqués à des homologues et contemporains soient si contraires : au conspirateur Gaston d’Orléans s’opposent les fidèles infants Charles et Ferdinand.
Édifier la gloire d’un prince lettré ?
Authors: Griffejoen Constance
Published: December 2021

Dès 1621, Tristan L’Hermite (1601-1655) eut l’honneur d’entrer dans la maison de Gaston d’Orléans. Ses recueils poétiques révèlent tout à la fois une vive admiration pour la puissance guerrière que le prince manifesta et une profonde déception quant au faible appui dont il le gratifia. C’est à sa culture comme à son rang que Tristan dut sa place dans l’entourage du duc d’Orléans, et c’est cette même culture, d’abord et surtout antique, qu’il déploya afin de le célébrer. L’enjeu de cet article est de questionner le rôle spécifique joué par les références mythologiques dans la glorification de Gaston : en quoi les liens avec ce prince curieux et lettré ont-ils pu les déterminer ? Il s’agit de montrer comment la poésie tristanienne, mondaine et souvent ancrée dans la célébration de la circonstance, fait un usage de la culture mythologique capable de nourrir non seulement le souhait de plaire mais aussi la volonté de se dire et de laisser miroiter les multiples facettes d’un poète érudit et sensible.
Cartographie des paysages : apport à l’analyse des trames vertes et bleues
Authors: Bourget Émilie , Le Dû-Blayo Laurence
Published: December 2021

Les atlas de paysage couvrent aujourd’hui une grande part du territoire métropolitain. Au-delà de leur grande diversité, tous cherchent à identifier et à décrire les entités paysagères présentes sur leur territoire. Dans un souci d’uniformisation le Meeddm a posé les liens entre paysage et échelles d’observation via un vocabulaire précis : unité paysagère, structure paysagère, élément de paysage. Parmi ces niveaux d’analyse, celui de la structure paysagère est un découpage permettant l’étude de certains paysages séquents. La télédétection peut contribuer, en lien avec l’approche terrain, à l’identification et à la cartographie des différents types de paysage, et donc des structures paysagères, notamment par l’approche orientée-objet, basée sur la classification d’objets segmentés identifiés sur une image satellite haute résolution. La présente étude détaille un exemple pris sur le Pays de Saint-Brieuc, dans les Côtes d’Armor, en traitant le cas des vallées et des trames vertes et bleues, qui structurent fortement cet espace.
Les paysages de décharges publiques urbaines au Liban : quelle problématique ?
Authors: Chbat Nada
Published: December 2021

Les décharges urbaines qui se sont multipliées au Liban posent un véritable problème dans ce pays. Situées dans des endroits à vocation publique, ces décharges sont à l’origine de plusieurs types de représentations sociales reliées à la perception du déchet qui oscillent entre le rejet et l’utilité. Le problème des déchets et des décharges urbaines est un sujet complexe et délicat non seulement en raison des dangers sanitaires que ces derniers représentent mais aussi parce qu’ils prennent une dimension sociale, psychologique et identitaire. Plusieurs dommages à différents niveaux résultent de l’émergence de ces décharges, lesquels dans la plupart des cas sont reliés à la dévalorisation des lieux, aux nuisances sanitaires et à la défiguration des paysages. Ce qui nous mène à rechercher les raisons pour lesquelles les tentatives de transformation de ces décharges sont infructueuses. Si aucune politique de gestion de déchets au Liban n’a été définie jusqu’à présent par les gouvernements successifs, à quelle logique de localisation géographique les décharges urbaines au Liban obéissent-elles ? Quelles hypothèses concernant les causes spatiales, sociales et politiques peuvent expliquer leur éclatement et leur dissémination anarchique sur l’ensemble du territoire libanais ?
L’anthroposystème viticole en Haute-Saône : comprendre la place d’un paysage entre marginalité et inscription territoriale
Authors: Estager Sylvain
Published: December 2021

Alors qu’elle représentait autrefois une culture de première importance, la viticulture a de nos jours quasiment disparu en Haute-Saône. Il demeure cependant de nombreuses inscriptions ponctuelles de la vigne au sein des paysages de la région. La question de la prise en compte de ces manifestations demande à mettre en œuvre une approche qui intègre des composantes fines et parfois discrètes des paysages, ainsi que les dynamiques qui conditionnent leur mise en place. Pour ce faire, nous recourons à l’utilisation du concept d’anthroposystème appliqué à l’objet viticole, appréhendé sous toutes ses formes. Car la vigne ouvre sur l’histoire de la région et demeure porteuse de valeurs territoriales affirmées.
Que révèlent « parcelles préférées » et « coins de paradis » sur les caractères d’un produit ?
Authors: Menadier Lydie
Published: December 2021

Le paysage est souvent utilisé par les filières agricoles de qualité pour promouvoir leurs produits et répondre aux attentes de la société. Les enjeux sont tout d’abord de trouver des arguments ancrant plus spécifiquement les produits dans le territoire et ensuite de permettre aux producteurs de participer à cette production identitaire d’images représentatives de leurs produits. C’est pourquoi nous étudions les liens sociaux et culturels entre produits et paysages à partir de l’étude des représentations paysagères des agriculteurs. Pour cela, nous utilisons la notion de paysage de manière systémique et prenons les pratiques agricoles comme support de discussion. Une boîte à outils paysagère s’appuyant sur des supports visuels a également été créée pour faciliter l’expression de ces représentations. Dans cet article, nous développerons tout d’abord les enjeux et la base théorique suivie pour l’étude des dimensions sociales et culturelles des liens produit – paysage. Puis nous décrirons des résultats obtenus à partir d’une recherche menée sur trois AOC auvergnates.
Théories géologiques et représentations du paysage dans la première moitié du xixe siècle
Authors: Drahos Alexis
Published: December 2021

La géologie connaît à partir de la fin du xviiie siècle un véritable essor dont les conséquences ne tarderont pas à apparaître dans la peinture de paysage de l’époque. Délaissant désormais les cabinets d’histoire naturelle, les naturalistes se mettent à chercher sur le terrain des indices pour comprendre le passé de notre terre et notamment son extrême ancienneté. Les artistes imitent leur démarche en se passionnant à leur tour aux phénomènes naturels comme les volcans, les glaciers ou tout simplement les falaises. Sous le prisme des découvertes effectuées en géosciences, il s’agira de déterminer l’influence de certaines théories scientifiques sur la peinture de paysage. Au nombre de quatre, ces doctrines contribueront dans une certaine mesure à moderniser ce genre pictural trop sclérosé par la tradition. Des personnalités comme Alexandre de Humboldt, Louis Agassiz, James Hutton ou encore George Cuvier ont avec leurs doctrines scientifiques profondément changé la vision de notre globe terrestre quant à son histoire, son évolution et ses mécanismes. Notre étude qui abordera de nombreuses facettes des sciences de la terre comme la glaciologie et la paléontologie tentera de mettre en évidence la portée de ces nouvelles disciplines sur le développement de la peinture de paysage de la fin du xviiie siècle jusqu’aux années 1860.
Jardins dessinés et dessins de jardin
Authors: Fricheau Catherine
Published: December 2021

L’article revient sur la dénomination de « jardin d’architecture » qui qualifie généralement le jardin français du XVIIe siècle. Il montre la part que prend dans sa construction sur le terrain mais aussi dans sa conception le savoir oculaire développé tout au long du siècle par les sciences appliquées que sont la perspective, l’optique, la géométrie pratique. L’espace du jardin classique nous apparaît en effet bien davantage tributaire d’un « jugement de l’œil » parfaitement exercé que de la maîtrise conférée au « projet architectural » par l’exactitude métrique du plan.
Vous avez dit « Paysage » ?
Authors: Chomarat-Ruiz Catherine
Published: December 2021

Partant de l’utilisation métaphorique du terme de « paysage » en science, notamment dans l’expression « matériaux-paysages », nous nous proposons de saisir quelques invariants et caractérisations inédites de cet objet scientifique. Il s’agit, en effet, de montrer l’intérêt épistémologique d’un « détour » par d’autres disciplines scientifiques que l’histoire pour renouveler le champs des landscape studies et d’envisager un angle original de réponse aux programmes de recherche regroupés sous l’intitulé de « nature en ville ».
Nouvelles proxémies en Europe ?
Authors: Donadieu Pierre
Published: December 2021

L’article développe une analyse des pratiques des paysagistes concepteurs en Europe à partir de deux ouvrages de la Fondation d’architecture du paysage Fieldwork (2006) et On Site (2009). Il montre que les principes proxémiques de distance spatiale, qu’avait mis en avant l’anthropologue américain Edward T. Hall il y a cinquante ans pour remédier à la crise spatiale urbaine, pouvaient être relayés par l’idée de géomédiation paysagiste. Cette notion, développée par l’auteur, désigne les pratiques professionnelles qui font du paysage un outil d’adaptation de l’espace matériel aux demandes sociales de qualité du cadre de vie. L’analyse souligne que les projets des paysagistes européens sont plus soucieux de la relation individuelle et collective à l’espace que des relations interindividuelles, de la mixité sociale et culturelle de ses usages que de son identité européenne vernaculaire. Ces projets créent plutôt une figure d’usager universel des espaces publics singularisés.
L’avenir du vieux village de Takrouna (Tunisie) : ruines ou emblème de la nouvelle villégiature du Sahel ?
Authors: Fradi Sonia , Donadieu Pierre , Rejeb Hichem
Published: December 2021

L’article décrit des scénarios possibles d’évolution d’un village berbère abandonné près de Sousse en Tunisie. Il est fait référence aux évolutions de deux autres sites d’intérêt touristique, Chebika, près de Tozeur et Sidi Bou Saïd près de Tunis. Ce travail a été réalisé à partir des enquêtes menées auprès des habitants du village de Takrouna, au moment où un nouvel aéroport international s’implantait à Hergla à quelques kilomètres.
Andragogy and the Socratic Method of Instruction
Authors: Curran Deborah Timpone
Published: December 2021

This chapter focuses on the connection between the Socratic Method and the foundational elements of andragogy as defined by Malcolm Knowles. This chapter will also explore the benefits of implementing Knowles' two foundational elements of andragogy consisting of his six assumptions and his eight design processes. Also explored is the implementation of Knowles' learning contract within the Socratic Method as a way to enhance the adult learner learning experience. In addition, this chapter includes references to John Henschke and his Building Blocks of Adult Learning and how they also support the Socratic Method of instruction.
Preparing Teacher Candidates to Teach in Secondary Schools Through Socratic Case-Based Approaches
Authors: Bhattacharya Alpana
Published: December 2021

Socratic instructional approaches for teacher preparation have been endorsed by teacher education programs across the globe for several decades. This chapter describes Socratic case-based teacher preparation in an undergraduate educational psychology course in the United States. Collaborative dialogues, inductive questions, and reasoning are key Socratic strategies used as instructional approaches for promoting teacher candidates' critical thinking and reflective teaching through case-based analysis. Two forms of case-based learning, face-to-face (synchronous) textual case analysis, and computer-mediated (asynchronous) video cases analysis is illustrated and supported with evidence-based theoretical frameworks and research findings. Effectiveness of Socratic case-based teacher preparation is determined via quantitative and qualitative evaluation of teacher candidates' collaborative oral case analysis reports and individual written case analysis reports. Recommendations for strengthening Socratic case-based teacher preparation and future research initiatives are discussed.
Exploring Maieutic Instruction
Authors: Giuseffi Frank G.
Published: December 2021

General views of the Socratic Method consist of it being a dialectical exchange based on probing questions concerning a topic. While this definition may prove practical, it may not do justice to the broad nature and practice of the instructional strategy. It is, therefore, equally important to explore how maieutic questioning grounds the Socratic Method as a viable instructional strategy. By realizing the maieutic process as giving birth to discoveries, educationists and students are given a clearer framework in implementing the Socratic Method in educational experiences. In further elucidating this claim, this chapter first draws from the maieutic practice found in Plato's dialogues. Second, the chapter explores research on maieutic questioning in teaching and learning experiences. Lastly, a recognition of both Socrates' original maieutic practice and the modern conception of it are advanced as strategies educationists can implement in their courses.
Towards Named Data Networking for Internet of Things Search Engines
Authors: Liang Hengshuo , Burgess Lauren , Liao Weixian , Lu Chao , Yu Wei
Published: December 2021

The advance of internet of things (IoT) techniques enables a variety of smart-world systems in energy, transportation, home, and city infrastructure, among others. To provide cost-effective data-oriented service, internet of things search engines (IoTSE) have received growing attention as a platform to support efficient data analytics. There are a number of challenges in designing efficient and intelligent IoTSE. In this chapter, the authors focus on the efficiency issue of IoTSE and design the named data networking (NDN)-based approach for IoTSE. To be specific, they first design a simple simulation environment to compare the IP-based network's performance against named data networking (NDN). They then create four scenarios tailored to study the approach's resilience to address network issues and scalability with the growing number of queries in IoTSE. They implement the four scenarios using ns-3 and carry out extensive performance evaluation to determine the efficacy of the approach concerning network resilience and scalability. They also discuss some remaining issues that need further research.
Ecological Governance and the Sustainability of Rural Household Water Conservation Systems in the Savannah Region of Ghana
Authors: Bazaanah Prosper
Published: December 2021

This chapter examined the link between ecological governance and water conservation as sustainable pathways for enhancing rural livelihoods in the Savannah Region. Designs adopted were post-positivist and cross-sectional. Probability sampling techniques were used to sample 450 household and official respondents. Questionnaires were administered, while descriptive statistics and chi-square test were utilised to analyse the data. Findings showed significant relationship between conservation initiatives, finance, rehabilitation/maintenance, and gender inclusion and domestic water conservation. Therefore, with commitment to maintenance, funding, and gender inclusion in water decisions, there is the likely for water to be locally sustainable in rural communities of the region. Democratic, decentralised, and participatory approaches to ecological governance and empowerment of the local communities are recommended as essential preconditions for achieving ecologically self-governing communities and sustaining domestic water systems in the rural areas of the region.
Insights into Stem Cell Therapy for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Pei Zhen-Le , Wang Zhe-Yi , Lu Wen-Han , Zhang Fei-Fei , Li Xin , Tong Xiao-Yu , Feng Yi , Xu Cong-Jian
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Hormone therapy, assisted reproductive technology, and regenerative medicine have been used to treat infertility due to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), with limited success. It is timely to survey the field by outlining the controversies and promising prospects of evolving stem cell (SC) therapy for patients with POI. We first discuss several strategies of tissue-derived SC therapy and induced/engineered SC therapy and then enumerate mechanisms, including cellular regenerability induced in reproductive tissues and paracrine effects induced by various chemokines. Next, we evaluate the potential benefits of SC-based tissue engineering in reversing ovarian aging. Finally, we discuss the clinical feasibility of SC therapy and generalized regenerative medicine for the treatment of POI. In summary, SCs and SC-derived exosomes, induced pluripotent SCs, engineered SCs, and tissue engineering could start a new chapter for fertility rehabilitation in patients with POI. Uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biological efficacy could be facilitated not only by animal experiments but also by security screening and clinical trials to validate SC-based therapy for POI.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell-Fate Specification and Cellular Diversity of the Trophoblast Lineage during Placental Morphogenesis in Mice
Authors: Wang Jian-Qi , Mu Change , Sun Yang , Lu Jin-Hua , Wang Hai-Bin
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Placental morphogenesis is a highly dynamic process involving mutual recognition and interlacing between the trophoblast-uterus and ultimately the initiation of the maternal-fetal circulatory system. During placental morphogenesis in mice, the trophoblast lineage, which integrates maternal and fetal signaling, undergoes stage-specific changes in gene regulatory programs directing cellular proliferation and fate specification, generating diverse trophoblast subtypes. While accumulating evidence from studies on genetically engineered and mutant mice has revealed the involvement of cell-specific core transcription factors in certain key events during placental morphogenesis, the precise molecular mechanisms by which multipotent trophoblasts gradually differentiate into different subtypes are still largely unknown. In this review, we primarily focus on mutant mouse models with placental phenotypes to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-fate specification and cellular diversity of the trophoblast lineage during the placental morphogenesis.
COVID-19-Induced Cardiovascular Damage Differs from other Prevalent Viruses
Authors: Parise Rachel S. , Ramesh Sindhu , Govindarajulu Manoj , Ajoolabady Amir , Moore Timothy , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan
Published: December 2021

Viral infections persist globally, among all ages, gender, and ethnicity. Of particular importance is COVID-19, associated with asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including complications/mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves heart and blood vessel disorders including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, thrombosis, and more. CVD associated with severe COVID-19 includes heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease/stroke. Data were acquired from PubMed, Google Scholar, Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, and Lexi-Comp using the search terms “COVID-19 and cardiovascular pathology;” “COVID-19 induced CVD;” “Viral infection induced CVD;” and “Viral infection induced heart damage.” COVID-19-induced CVD mechanisms include direct viral entry, inflammation, cytokine storm, hypoxia, interferon-mediated immune response, plaque destabilization, stress, and drug-induced causes. Other viral pathologies causing CVD include atherosclerosis, inflammation, cytokine storm, and plaque destabilization. Individual parameters, such as old age, males, and higher body mass index (BMI), are more likely to experience viral-associated complications, possibly explained by patient risk factors or comorbidities. Populations at higher risk include older males with an elevated BMI. Viral mechanisms associated with CVD are similar but differ in disease severity, potentially explained by diverse cytokine profiles where COVID-19 activates different types at higher quantities.
Tools for Histocompatibility Testing and Significance of Panel Reactive Antibodies - A Narrative Review
Authors: Etta Praveen Kumar
Published: December 2021

Immune response directed towards the allograft is a major barrier to the longterm graft survival in kidney transplantation. The importance of various tools for histocompatibility testing including the significance of panel reactive antibodies in transplant immunology is discussed here.
Desensitization Therapy in Kidney Transplantation Cases with Positive Baseline Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch and High Donor-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Sinha Vijay Kumar , Singh Ravi Kumar , Devra Amit Kumar , Choudhary Lok Prakash , Singh Khushboo , Pandey Prashant , Pande Amit
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The objective of the study is to assess the graft and patient outcome after desensitization in human leukocyte antigen incompatible kidney transplantation (KT) with positive baseline complement-dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatch and high mean fluorescein intensity (MFI) of donor-specific antibodies (DSA).

Methods:

This was a retrospective study conducted at Jaypee Hospital, Noida. This study included highly sensitized patients who were transplanted with positive CDC and DSA >10,000 MFI for single antigen or >5000 MFI for multiple donor antigens. The patient's renal outcomes were documented. The desensitization protocol consisted of rituximab, therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPE), and thymoglobulin.

Results:

A total of five patients who had positive CDC crossmatch with very high level of preformed DSA underwent KT. Three patients had end-stage renal disease due to diabetic kidney disease while other two due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and chronic glomerulonephritis. All the patients were on dialysis. The MFI by Luminex single antigen bead assay for Class I varied from 1657 to 23440 and for Class II varied from undetectable to 11120. The mean number of pretransplant TPE sessions given per patient was 7.8 ± 2.68 and posttransplant TPE sessions per patient was 0.8 ± 0.45. The mean follow-up period was 308.2 days. Mean creatinine on the day of discharge was 0.58 ± 0.17 mg/dL. None of the patients had any postoperative infections or rejections.

Conclusion:

The current report showed favorable short-term patient and graft outcomes post-KT without any postoperative infections or rejections with desensitization therapy comprising of rituximab, TPE, and thymoglobulin induction.
Erectile Dysfunction in Renal Transplant Patient - A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sadasukhi Nripesh , Patel Ketul , Sadasukhi T. C. , Gupta Manish , Gupta H. L. , Sharma Ashish , Malik Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as an inability to obtain or maintain an erection adequate for satisfactory sexual function, is present in up to 50–80% of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1). The rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was shown to be 75%, whereas it decreased to 59% in kidney transplantation recipients (KTRs).

Materials and Methods:

A 264 Renal Transplant Patient is included in this study. Both male and female patient included in this study. The International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire – 5 (IIEF-5) (SHIM) Scoring systems is used.

Results:

Total 264 patients are included in the study.34 patients not responded. According to SHIM score 4 patients have sever erectile dysfunction, 21 patient have moderate erectile dysfunction, 78 patients have mild to moderate erectile dysfunction, 104 patients have mild erectile dysfunction and 23 patients have no erectile dysfunction. After 1 year of renal transplant, according to SHIM score 3 patients have sever erectile dysfunction,14 patient have moderate erectile dysfunction, 47 patients have mild to moderate erectile dysfunction, 67 patients have mild erectile dysfunction and 99 patients have no erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion:

IIEF-5 is an effective means to establish and diagnose the erectile dysfunction. Advance age, prolonged dialysis, diabetes mellitus and smoking were important risk factors for erectile dysfunction. The incidence of ED in patients with ERSD and KTRs is quite high, and its management is particularly difficult due to many interfering factors.
Hypoxemia with Stress Cardiomyopathy Following Liver Transplant
Authors: Sawant Ambreen , Kartha Anandajith P. , Kesavan Rajesh , Kumar Lakshmi K.
Published: December 2021

Patients with liver disease can have varied cardiac manifestations including pulmonary arteriovenous dilatation. The stress of surgery associated with catecholamine surges can also potentiate stress-related changes. We report management of hypoxemia in a patient who underwent liver transplantation. Although her preoperative oxygenation (SpO2 97%) measured 2 weeks earlier was normal, she manifested hypoxemia on the day of surgery and cardiovascular failure perioperatively. Postoperative investigations revealed a stress cardiomyopathy. The cause of persistent and refractory hypoxemia was uncertain in the context of normal preoperative tests. However, she responded immediately to inhaled nitric oxide, suggesting a correction of ventilation perfusion dynamics. We wish to highlight a possible role of nitric oxide in postoperative liver transplant patients with refractory hypoxemia of uncertain etiology.
Chemoprophylaxis against COVID-19 among health-care workers using Ivermectin in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Azeez Taoreed Adegoke , Lakoh Sulaiman , Adeleke Adedapo Adegboyega , Balogun Oluwanifemi Tolulase , Olanipekun Babatunde John , Olusola Fiyinfoluwa Ibukun
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral infectious disease that the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced to be a pandemic. This meta-analysis was aimed at providing evidence for the use of ivermectin to prevent COVID-19 among hospital workers in low-resource countries. Medical databases including African Journals online, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, COVID-19 research database (WHO), Clinicaltrials.gov, and SCOPUS were searched for studies on Ivermectin as a chemoprophylactic drug against COVID-19 among hospital personnel in settings with limited resources. Preprint servers such as bioRxiv and medRxiv as well as the gray literature were also searched. Studies adjudged to be eligible were identified using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses algorithm. Statistical analyses were done using Stata version 14.3. Seven studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The total sample size was 2652. There were two randomized controlled trials and five nonrandomized studies. Some studies dosed Ivermectin daily while some dosed it weekly. However, one of the studies dosed it monthly. The studies reported variable clinical benefits. I
2 statistic was 92%, and random effect model was used. The pooled odd ratio was 0.11 (95% confidence interval 0.09–0.13). This implies that 89% of the participants benefited from taking Ivermectin as a form of preexposure chemoprophylaxis. Ivermectin has a significant clinical benefit as a preventive drug against COVID-19 for hospital personnel in settings with limited resources.
Anxiolytic effects of silibinin and naringenin on zebrafish model
Authors: Nachammai V. , Jeyabalan Srikanth , Muthusamy Sivakumar
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

Stress exacerbates the pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the frequently used model for experimental studies of stress and other central nervous system disorders, was used to evaluate the anxiolytic potential of flavonoids, namely silibinin and naringenin on alleviating acute stress-induced anxiety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A molecular docking study with Molegro Virtual Docker software was done to assess the binding potential of flavonoids on serotonin and dopamine receptors. To determine the bioactivity and investigate the toxicity of the flavonoids, silibinin, and naringenin, brine shrimp lethality assay, and an acute toxicity study was conducted according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline 203. The effect of silibinin and naringenin was assessed using behavioral tasks such as the novel tank assay and the light-dark test on the zebrafish model of acute stress.

RESULTS:

Molecular docking studies showed a higher affinity of silibinin and naringenin for the serotonin and dopamine receptors. In comparison to the LC50 value, 13.15 μg/ml of the reference standard potassium dichromate, silibinin, and naringenin yielded higher LC50 values, 34.10 μg/ml and 91.33 μg/ml, respectively. The LC50 value of silibinin and naringenin was observed to be >100 mg/l from the acute toxicity study on adult zebrafish. After transferring to a novel tank, silibinin and naringenin-treated zebrafish groups were found to explore the upper level of the tank, similar to standard drugs, and spent a long time in the upper level of the tank compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Both silibinin and naringenin treatment group spent increased amounts of time in the tank's illuminated part in contrast to that of the dark side as evidenced by the number of zebrafish entering or remaining in the illuminated part of the tank through the light-dark test. Silibinin and naringenin treated groups were found to spend increased time in the light side significantly on the day 15th of evaluation as compared to the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

The flavonoids, silibinin, and naringenin were found to mitigate acute stress-induced anxiety, owing to their anxiolytic properties in the zebrafish model and may be explored as the potential therapeutic agents for treating anxiety.
Efficacy of Phyllanthus niruri on improving liver functions in patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Sowjanya Karri , Girish Chandrashekaran , Bammigatti Chanaveerappa , Lakshmi Nakka Chandrasekhar Prasanna
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Phyllanthus niruri, a traditional herbal medicine, was found to be hepatoprotective as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no clinical trials available to date to evaluate its efficacy in alcoholic hepatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The present study is a block randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm placebo-controlled trial that was designed to assess the efficacy of P. niruri on the liver and renal function parameters, total oxidant and antioxidant levels in alcoholic hepatitis patients in comparison to placebo over a 4-week period. Patients were screened by CAGE questionnaire, and those with a confirmed diagnosis of mild–moderate alcoholic hepatitis based on laboratory findings and Maddrey's discriminant function score were randomly allocated to treatment and placebo arms. Clinical assessments were done at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. A total of 454 patients were screened and 100 eligible patients were recruited for the study, and 71 were analyzed using the modified intention-to-treat approach.

RESULTS:

Serum levels of liver and renal function parameters failed to demonstrate significant improvement with P. niruri. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the level of total antioxidants with P. niruri (P = 0.034) with an additional appetite stimulant activity (P = 0.03) in 4 weeks.

CONCLUSION:

A 4-week administration of P. niruri in mild–moderate alcoholic hepatitis patients showed an improvement in the total antioxidant levels with an appetite stimulant activity compared to a placebo.
In silico binding analysis of lutein and rosmarinic acid against envelope domain III protein of dengue virus
Authors: Panchal Ritesh , Bapat Sanket , Mukherjee Sandeepan , Chowdhary Abhay
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE:

The study was performed to evaluate in silico binding ability of lutein and rosmarinic acid (RA) with the envelope domain III (EDIII) proteins of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), enlightening potential antiviral activity of the two compounds.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

EDIII protein structures for the four DENV serotypes were retrieved from RCSB Protein data bank (PDB) and used as receptors. Four ligands of lutein and four of RA were selected from the ZINC database and used for computational molecular docking and ligand interaction analysis with the four receptors using bioinformatics tools like AutoDock Vina and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software.

RESULTS:

The EDIII of the four serotypes demonstrated significant interaction with ligands of lutein and RA. RA ligand ZINC00899870, particularly presented best binding energy values of -6.4, -7.0, and -6.9 kcal/mol with EDIII of serotype DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 respectively. Whereas, lutein ligand, ZINC14879959 presented best binding energy value of -7.9 kcal/mol for EDIII of serotype DENV-3. From the results predicted by MOE, the hydroxyl (OH) of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl group of RA ligand ZINC00899870 is actively involved in interaction with all four serotypes.

CONCLUSION:

RA is a competent candidate for further evaluation of potential in vitro antiviral activity that can be effective in conferring protection against the four serotypes of DENV.
The Association Between Dietary Intake of Sodium, Potassium, and Na
Authors: Salehi-sahlabadi Ammar , Mirfazli Elham , Teymoori Farshad , Roosta Sajjad , Mokari Amin , Azadi Mina , Hekmatdoost Azita
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds:

Dietary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) relationship with chronic disease has drawn more attention recently. Epidemiological studies reported controversial findings about high salt and Na diets with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and studies about the association between K and NAFLD are scare. Present study aimed to examine the associations between dietary intake of Na, K, and Na:K ratio with the risk of NAFLD.

Methods:

We analyzed data from a case–control study of 225 patients with NAFLD cases and 450 controls. Dietary intake of Na and K measured using a validated 168 item food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to report odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) of NAFLD across tertiles of Na, K, and Na:K ratio.

Results:

The mean ± standard deviation of age and body mass index of participants (47% female) were 38.1 ± 8.8 years and 26.8 ± 4.3 Kg/m2. In the age- and sex-adjusted model, there was any significant association between Na, K, and Na: K ratio with the risk of NAFLD. In the final adjusted model, the OR (95%CI) of the highest vs the lowest tertiles of K, Na, and Na:K was 0.39 (0.19–0.80), 0.71 (0.40–1.25), and 1.10 (0.61–1.97), respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study indicates that higher dietary K was related to lower odds of NAFLD; however, there was no association between dietary Na and Na: K ratio with odds of NAFLD.
Lipoma of parotid mimicking as pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Pradeep Raj P. A. , Fazil Mohammed , Livingston David , Manoharan C Peter , Manuel Kevin , Phinehas Emil
Published: December 2021

Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors, arising in any location where fat is normally present in the head-and-neck region in adults. Lipoma of parotid gland is rare, hence, not often considered for differential diagnosis for parotid swellings. When there is any suspicion, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance helps in confirmatory diagnosis. We present a 27-year-old man with a swelling in parotid gland, which was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Surgical excision of parotid gland is the management even though excision is challenging because of the facial nerve, which courses through the parotid gland. The postoperative histopathology revealed a lipoma, the clinical picture, radiological, and histopathological features of this case is being discussed here.