bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized Li storage performance of B, N doped graphyne as Li-ion battery anode materials
Authors: Cai Meng-Yuan , Tang Chun-Mei , Zhang Qiu-Yue ,   Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China,   College of Science, Hohai Univeisity, Nanjing 210098, China,   National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Published: December 2020

As the economy grows and the environment deteriorates, the renewable energy is urgently needed. The advanced energy storage technology in electronic equipment, electric vehicle, smart grid, etc. becomes more significant. For example, the rechargeable batteries, hydrogen storage media, supercapacitors, the new energy storage devices have received much attention today. The anodes of the lithium ion battery (LIB), as the main body of charging and discharging, should be most important. The ideal anode material for LIBs is required to possess a higher Li capacity and a lower volume expansion. Good reversibility and high Li capacity are balanced necessarily in the electrode material. The poor cycling performance of LIB is usually due to the severe volume expansion of anode in lithiation/delithiation process. In this paper, the Li storage performance of B and N doped graphyne is explored by using the density functional theory method. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional of the generalized gradient approximation is chosen. The calculations indicate that the doping of B atoms can enhance the adsorption strength between the Li atom and the graphyne, which can greatly increase the Li storage capacity. The Li storage capacity of B doped graphyne can reach as high as 2061.62 mAh/g, which is 2.77 times that of pristine monolayer graphyne. Meanwhile, the B doping reduces the out-plane diffusion energy barrier of Li, but increases the in-plane diffusion energy barrier slightly by 0.1 eV. On the other hand, the doping of N atoms reduces the interaction between Li and graphyne, however, the Li capacity also increases to 1652.12 mAh/g because the number of the available Li adsorption sites increases. Moreover, the doping of N atoms greatly improves the diffusion performance of Li on graphyne. The in-plane diffusion energy barrier drops to 0.37 eV, and thus the charge-discharge performance of the N doping graphyne is well improved. Therefore, the doping of B and N atoms can remarkably improve the performance of graphyne as the LIB anodes. The remarkable performance of B and N doped graphdiyne shows that it will become a promising LIB anode in the future. The present research can provide a good theoretical basis and thus conduce to guiding the developing of good Li storage materials, and can also supply strong background for experimental researches.
Threshold determination method of Duffing chaotic system based on multi-scale entropy
Authors: Huang Ze-Hui , Li Ya-An , Chen Zhe , Liu Lian ,   School of Marine, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Published: December 2020

Entropy is one of the parameters describing the state of matter in thermodynamics, it can be used to measure the degree of confusion. The entropy of the signal can be used to express the complexity of the signal. The threshold for the transition of the Duffing chaotic system from the critical chaotic state to the large-scale periodic state is called the transition threshold. It is an important parameter for the analysis of chaotic systems, and its solution method is one of the problems urgently to be solved in chaos theory. If the jump threshold is smaller than the real threshold of the system, it will affect its detection signal-to-noise ratio. If the jump threshold is larger than the real threshold, it will cause incorrect detection results, so it is very important to accurately determine the jump threshold. In this study, we found that the multiscale sample entropy value of the Duffing system is significantly different when the system is in the chaotic state and the periodic state, when the system is in a chaotic state, the entropy value is larger, when the system is in a periodic state, the entropy value is smaller, and when the system enters the periodic state, the multiscale entropy value tends to be stable, this paper proposes to use this phenomenon to determine the transition threshold by analyzing the relationship between the entropy of the system and the amplitude of the driving force. When the entropy value is obviously smaller and tends to be stable, the corresponding driving force amplitude is the jump threshold. using this method, the jump threshold of the sinusoidal signal and square wave signal detection system is calculated, the results show that the method is fast, accurate and simple to calculate. However, this method may have a problem that the calculated threshold value is smaller than the real threshold value, our analysis is that the random selection of the subsequence used for calculation causes the calculation threshold value to be too small, so the method is improved in conjunction with genetic algorithm, using genetic algorithm to find the most complicated subsequence in the whole sequence, then this subsequence is used to solve the threshold, Through a large number of calculations and analysis, it can be seen that the problem of a small threshold is no longer present, and the improved method can obtain the jump threshold of the Duffing system very accurately.
The gravitational magnetic component and its magnetic effects in linearized theory of gravity
Authors: Hao Di , Guo San-Dong , Ma Zhi-Yuan , Hui Yu-Ting ,   School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
Published: December 2020

According to the General Relativity (GR), under the approximation of the weak field, the weak gravitational field not only contains the classical Newtonian gravitational field, but also contains a gravitomagnetic (GM) field analogous to the concept of magnetic field, and the name of GM field borrows the basic idea of the magnetic field in electrodynamics. In order to study the physical properties of GM field and its associated effects, firstly, we use a similarity transformation method to decompose the gravitomagnetic component from the second-order tensor field in linearized Einstein field equation and define the concept of the GM field. Then, on this basis, we consider a circular microtube model with uniform velocity fluids (or superfluids), and study the distribution characteristics of the far GM field by this special model. We use a simpler approximation approach to improve the previous calculation method of the GM field in these kind of rings model, the result shows that the distribution characteristic of the far GM field in this model is analogous to the magnetic field produced by a dipole, it is a good correspondence between this microtube model and the dipole model. After that, we have studied the dynamic characteristics of GM field by analogizing the properties of magnetic field, and studied the test particles’ tracks in the linear time-varying GM field and the cosine time-varying GM field in the first time. In addition, in order to improve the previous research methods of ‘gravitational induction’ and ‘frame dragging’ in the GR, we have designed a circular microtube model which has a double-layer structure and with the accelerating flow fluid (or superfluids), we use simpler mathematics than before to explain these two effects by this special model. In conclusion, this work provides some new methods for the study of GM field and its associated effects.
Research progress of pyroelectric characteristics of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics for infrared detection
Authors: Guo Shao-Bo , Yan Shi-Guang , Cao Fei , Yao Chun-Hua , Wang Gen-Shui , Dong Xian-Lin ,   Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China,   Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Published: December 2020

Due to the excellent pyroelectric properties, ferroelectric ceramics containing lead element are widely used as sensitive materials in pyroelectric infrared detectors at present. The research and development of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics for this kind of detector has become a hot research spot in the areas of dielectric physics and materials in recent years. In this article, the recent research progress of the pyroelectric effect in series of important lead-free ferroelectric ceramic systems is reviewed, including barium titanate, sodium bismuth titanate, potassium sodium niobite, barium strontium niobite, etc. The methods of enhancing the pyroelectric effect are summarized, including doping modification, phase boundary design, process improvement, etc. Through comparative analysis of the relationship between pyroelectric properties and depolarization temperatures of different systems, it is concluded that bismuth sodium titanate based ceramics are the most potential lead-free materials in the future. The prospective research work of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics for infrared detection is also suggested.
530 W all-fiber continuous-wave Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Liu Yin-Zi , Xing Ying-Bing , Liao Lei , Wang Yi-Bo , Peng Jing-Gang , Li Hai-Qing , Dai Neng-Li , Li Jin-Yan ,   Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Published: December 2020

In the past decades, thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) operating in an eye-safe range have attracted considerable attention, for they have extensive applications such as LIDAR, free space communication, medical diagnostics and pumping source for holmium-doped fiber laser or optical parameter oscillator. In this paper, we report a high power all-fiberized TDFL based on main-oscillator power-amplifier (MOPA) configuration. The preform is fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition method combined with solution doping technique and drawn into a core/clad size of 25/400 μm. The numerical aperture of the TDF is 0.1. The concentration of Tm2O3 and Al2O3 are 2.6 wt% and 1.01 wt%, respectively, measured by an electron probe micro-analyzer. The cladding absorption is 3 dB/m at 793 nm measured by cut-back method. The oscillator consists of 8 m 25/400 TDF mentioned above and a pair of fiber Bragg gratings. The oscillator yields maximum power of 91 W with pump power of 202 W and a 3 dB spectral bandwidth as narrow as 75 pm. In the amplifier stage, the bi-directional pumping scheme is employed. The narrow linewidth seed with output power of 57 W is scaled to 530 W through one-stage amplification, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 50%. The central wavelength of the Tm-doped MOPA is 1980.89 nm and the linewidth is broadened to 0.11 nm at 530 W. The measured M 2 factor at 100 W is less than 1.3. Neither obvious amplified spontaneous emission nor non-linear effect is observed, and the output power is only limited by pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power of TDF at present.
Interaction between spoof localized surface plasmon and terahertz vortex beam
Authors: Ge Yi-Fan , Wu Yi-Ping , Zang Xiao-Fei , Yuan Ying-Hao , Chen Lin ,   School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 220001, China,   Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Shanghai 200093, China,   Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: December 2020

We theoretically and experimentally investigate a method of exciting multipole plasmons, including terahertz dark spoof localized surface plasmon (Spoof-LSP) modes, by using normally incident terahertz vortex beam. The vortex beam with angular intensity profile and phase singularities, has well-defined angular momentum which can be decomposed into the polarization-state-related spin angular momentum (SAM) for characterizing the spin feature of photon, and the helical-wavefront-related orbital angular momentum (OAM) that is characterized by an integer \begin{document}$ (l) $\end{document}, called the topological charge. By illuminating terahertz vortex beam on the metallic disk with periodic subwavelength grooves normally, we find that the terahertz dark multipole plasmons can be excited by the terahertz vortex beam carrying different OAM and SAM. We analyze the correspondence between the spin and orbital angular momentum of vortex beam and the excited dark multipolar plasmon modes. In the experiment, a terahertz stepped spiral phase plate (SPP) with high transmission and low dispersion based on the Tsurupica olefin polymer is developed and the stepped SPP can generate a terahertz vortex beam having a topological charge of 1. Then, we further study the excitation of dark multipolar Spoof-LSPs by utilizing the stepped SPP in combination with the near-field scanning terahertz microscopy. The collimated terahertz wave, which is radiated from a 100 fs (λ = 780 nm) laser pulse pumped photoconductive antenna emitter, is converted into terahertz circular polarized light (CPL) which can carry SAM by the combination of the quarter wave plate and the polarizer, and then terahertz CPL impinges on the stepped SPP, producing the terahertz vortex beam which can carry OAM. The spatial two-dimensional electric field distribution is collected in steps of 0.02 mm along the x-direction and y-direction by a commercial terahertz near-field probe which is located close (≈ 10 μm) to the one side of polyimide film by three-dimensional electric translation stage and a microscope (FORTUNE TECHPLOGY FT-FH1080). The experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. We believe that our method will open the way for detailed research on the terahertz physics, plasma and imaging fields.
Estética, musicología y secularización. El mito del nacimiento de la ópera en la historiografía del último siglo
Authors: Sáez Daniel Martín
Published: December 2020

En este artículo estudiamos la influencia del mito del nacimiento de la ópera en la musicología, centrándonos en los monográficos de historia de la ópera del último siglo, desde la obra fundacional de Kretzschmar (1919) hasta el presente. Este mito ha servido para presentar el nacimiento de la ópera desde un enfoque secular, articulado por una historia de genios, obras y estilos bajo la idea de música absoluta. Esto fue esencial para la propia fundación de la musicología, cuando autores como Abert esbozaron una nueva estética de la ópera que pasó después a la musicología americana, empezando por el monográfico de Grout, que ha influido a todos los historiadores desde entonces. Estos han repetido una serie de tópicos ligados a dicho mito, como la idea del nacimiento teórico del género, la idea de un origen conocido con precisión o la idea de las primeras óperas como experimentos, a menudo inadecuados para abordar el género en sus primeras décadas. La consecuencia más evidente de este enfoque ha sido la marginalización de Roma, así como una cierta minusvaloración de la importancia de la geopolítica y el catolicismo en este periodo.
Patients’ Opinion on Availability and Price of Drugs in the General Outpatient Department of a Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ndibuagu Edmund O. , Chime Onyinye H. , Ugwu Ejiofor T.
Published: December 2020

Aim: Patients perception of health care delivery system can be expressed as an opinion. The aim of the study is to assess patients’ opinion on availability and cost of drugs in the General Outpatient Department of a state teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Study Design: The study was of descriptive, cross-sectional design.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the General Outpatient department, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu state, Nigeria. It was conducted between August 1st and October 31st, 2017.

Methodology: Information was collected from 313 patients exiting the Pharmacy unit, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis, and the results expressed as frequencies and percentages. Education, sex, and age patterns of the responses were looked at.

Results: A total of 313 patients responded, 131 (41.9%) males and 182 (58.1%) females. Out of these, 91 (29.0%) were of the opinion that drugs were reasonably or completely available, while 184(58.8%) reported that it was either few or completely unavailable; with 38(12.1%) having no opinion on availability. With respect to price; 198(63.3%) believed that price is affordable or very affordable, while 78(24.9%) thought it was exorbitant or very exorbitant; with 37(11.8%) being uncertain about the price of drugs.

Conclusions: In LMIC, inadequate stock of drugs in health facilities is a common occurrence. More than half of patients that presented in the study health facility were of the opinion that only few prescribed drugs, or completely none were available. However, most of them believed that the price of drugs was affordable or very affordable. It is crucial that governments and health care managers redouble their efforts towards provision of drugs, if meaningful progress will be made in the area of global Universal Health Coverage.
Zum ökobilanziellen Vergleich auf Bauteilebene
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Heiden Björn , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: December 2020

Das Bauwesen ist einer der großen Einflussbereiche zur Verringerung des Klimawandels. Im Bausektor, wie auch in anderen Sektoren, ist man zunehmend gefordert, den ökologischen Fußabdruck möglichst gering zu halten. Um diesen Fußabdruck überhaupt definieren zu können, wird z. B. bei der Planung nachhaltiger Gebäude das Instrument der Ökobilanz angewandt. Hierbei fließen die Umweltwirkungen des Gebäudebetriebs sowie der Bereitstellung der verwendeten Baustoffe zur Errichtung eines Gebäudes ein. Letzteres wird in diesem Beitrag verfolgt. Mittels transparenter sowie quantifizierter Darstellung der Umweltwirkung von Baustoffen auf Bauteilebene lassen sich Vergleiche zu anderen zur Auswahl stehenden Bausystemen ziehen. Einer anschließenden Beurteilungsgrundlage können dabei der gesamte Lebenszyklus, aber auch nur Teilabschnitte dessen dienen. Hierbei wird zwischen den Modellen „Cradle to Gate“, „Cradle to Grave“ und „Cradle to Cradle“ unterschieden. Unter Anwendung der drei Modelle werden in einem Vergleich von Deckensystemen die Treibhauspotenziale und die Primärenergiegehalte gegenübergestellt.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethioacetates on Au(111) in Ammonium Hydroxide Solution
Authors: Park Taesung , Kang Hungu , Ito Eisuke , Noh Jaegeun
Published: December 2020

To shed light on the effects of NH4OH deprotection reagent on the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) from alkanethioacetates on Au(111), we examined the surface structure and adsorption conditions of SAMs on Au(111) prepared in a 1 mM octanethioacetate (C8SAc) methanol solution and in a 1 mM methanol solution formed after in situ deprotection of C8SAc by NH4OH. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging revealed that direct adsorption of C8SAc on Au(111) created only disordered SAMs regardless of the polarity of solvent (methanol, DMF, and hexane). In contrast, highly ordered SAMs with a well‐ordered c(4 × 2) phase were formed via in situ deprotection of C8SAc by NH4OH (deprotection condition: 30.7 mM NH4OH, 323 K, and 3 h). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements also showed that the SAMs formed via in situ deprotection show uniform adsorption, whereas those prepared by direct adsorption show very complicated adsorption, which agrees well with STM results.
MiRNA‐516a promotes bladder cancer metastasis by inhibiting MMP9 protein degradation via the AKT/FOXO3A/SMURF1 axis
Authors: Chang Yuanyuan , Jin Honglei , Li Hongyan , Ma Jiugao , Zheng Zhijian , Sun Binuo , Lyu Yiting , Lin Mengqi , Zhao He , Shen Liping , Zhang Ruirui , Wu Shuilian , Lin Weiwei , Lu Yongyong , Xie Qipeng , Zhang Gang , Huang Xing , Huang Haishan
Published: December 2020

Background

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, current available treatments exert little effects on metastatic BC. Moreover, traditional grading and staging have only a limited ability to identify metastatic BC. Accumulating evidence indicates that the aberrant expression of microRNA is intimately associated with tumor progression. So far, many miRNAs have been identified as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study focused on the role of miR‐516a‐5p (miR‐516a) in BC.

Methods

MiR‐516a expression and its downstream signaling pathway were detected using molecular cell biology and biochemistry approaches and techniques. Fresh clinical BC tissue was used to study the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with different miR‐516a expression. The biological functions of miR‐516a in BC were tested both in vivo and in vitro.

Results

A more invasive BC phenotype was significantly and positively correlated with miR‐516a overexpression in BC patients. MiR‐516a inhibition significantly decreased BC cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR‐516a attenuated the expression of PH domain leucine‐rich repeat‐containing protein phosphatase 2 protein and inhibited SMAD‐specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 transcription by activating the AKT/Forkhead box O3 signaling pathway, which stabilized MMP9 and slowed down its proteasomal degradation, ultimately promoting BC motility and invasiveness.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal the crucial function of miR‐516a in promoting BC metastasis, and elucidate the molecular mechanism involved, suggesting that miR‐516a may be a promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for BC.
Reduction of Dust Deposition on Solar Photovoltaic Cells by Self‐Cleaning Coating: Experimental Study of Influencing Factors
Authors: Lu Hao , Liang Shaowei
Published: December 2020

This study experimentally investigates a method to reduce dust deposition on solar cells using a superhydrophobic coating under various influencing factors. The deposition pattern, deposition density, and reduction of spectral transmittance by dust deposition are investigated. The comparison of the types of dust shows that the dust deposition densities of soil and sand on the coated surface are only 52.6% and 37.2% of those on the uncoated surface, respectively, when the dust is dry and the tilt angle θ is 30°. The comparison of the tilt angles shows that the dust deposition densities on the coated surface are only 37.2% and 22.3% of those on the uncoated surface at θ values of 30° and 60°, respectively, when the dust is dry sand. The comparison of different water contents shows that the dust deposition densities on the coated surface are only 37.2% and 46.3% of those on the bare surfaces for dry sand and wet sand, respectively, when the θ value is 30°. The superhydrophobic coating reduces the deposition of sand dust more than that of soil dust. Moreover, the reduction in dust deposition by the coating is greater with higher tilt angles and with drier dust.
Respecting alcohol, respecting the water: Young adult perspectives on how to reduce alcohol‐influenced drownings in Australia
Authors: Calverley Hannah L. M. , Petrass Lauren A. , Blitvich Jennifer D.
Published: December 2020

Issue addressed

Alcohol‐influenced drowning among young Australians (aged 18‐24 years) is a prominent health concern. However, effectiveness of targeted prevention campaigns for this age group is unknown, as this information is not typically published in peer‐reviewed or easily accessed grey literature. Accordingly, future campaigns cannot build on prior efforts to address this health problem.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews ascertained young Australian adults’ perspectives on preventing alcohol consumption in aquatic settings, and their awareness of appropriate safety strategies and Australian national and state drowning prevention campaigns. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.

Results

Twenty‐three individuals (mean age 20.65 years) participated in an interview. Participants had poor understanding of alcohol‐focused drowning prevention campaigns and used logos and names to decipher key campaign messages. Education was recommended as the preferred method for prevention, and participants suggested preferences for delivery (eg social media, in schools, humour and shock tactics). The safety strategies discussed appeared to be transferred from strategies used in other contexts, rather than related to the specific risks of aquatic scenarios.

Conclusions

Drowning prevention practitioners should ensure transparency and clarity of their campaign names and logos to enhance understanding of the messages. Practitioners should also consider using audience analysis during campaign design, delivery and evaluation, alongside best practice recommendations from literature, to enhance campaign suitability and effectiveness.

So what?

Water safety practitioners and policy makers should acknowledge these findings when developing campaigns which address young adults’ lack of awareness of safe aquatic behaviours to encourage a sustained behaviour change.
Semiautomatic cerebrovascular territory mapping based on dynamic ASL MR angiography without vessel‐encoded labeling
Authors: Heidari Pahlavian Soroush , Geri Oren , Russin Jonathan , Ma Samantha J. , Amar Arun , Wang Danny J. J. , Ben Bashat Dafna , Yan Lirong
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Characterizing vessel territories can provide crucial information for evaluation of cerebrovascular disorders. In this study, we present a novel postprocessing pipeline for vascular territorial imaging of cerebral arteries based on a noncontrast enhanced time‐resolved 4D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Methods

Eight healthy participants, 1 Moyamoya patient, and 1 arteriovenous malformations patient were recruited. Territorial segmentation and relative blood flow rate calculations of cerebral arteries including left and right middle cerebral arteries and left and right posterior cerebral arteries were carried out based on the 4D MRA‐derived arterial arrival time maps of intracranial vessels.

Results

Among healthy young subjects, the average relative blood flow rate values corresponding to left and right middle cerebral arteries and left and right posterior cerebral arteries were 35.9 ± 5.9%, 32.9 ± 7.5%, 15.4 ± 3.8%, and 15.9 ± 2.5%, respectively. Excellent agreement was observed between relative blood flow rate values obtained from the proposed 4D MRA‐based method and reference 2D phase contrast MRI. Abnormal cerebral circulations were visualized and quantified on both patients using the developed technique.

Conclusion

The vascular territorial imaging technique developed in this study allowed for the generation of territorial maps with user‐defined level of details within a clinically feasible scan time, and as such may provide useful information to assess cerebral circulation balance in different pathologies.
Triple‐ring tubular MB36 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) with threefold aromaticity
Authors: Tian Wen‐Juan
Published: December 2020

The modification with alkaline‐earth metals to the energy unfavorable triple‐ring B36 result in a family of stable triple‐ring tubular MB36 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). The triple‐ring structures are highly energy favorable than the structures on the basis of the global‐minimum of B36 which is experimentally known as planar structure with dual aromaticity. Basic chemical bonding analysis reveals the σ and dual π aromaticity of these triple‐ring tubes, which refer to threefold aromaticity and result in the chemical stability. Large energy gap and high formation energy support their stability. Highly negative NICS values sustain the same conclusion. This findings hint the possibility of experimental synthesis of triple‐ring tube by importing metals.
Studie Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life (APPEAL)
Authors: Schnadt Sabine , Zeitler Stefan , Ryan Robert , Gallop Katy , Acaster Sarah , Blümchen Katharina
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund

In Industrieländern sind bis zu 3 % aller Kinder von einer Erdnussallergie betroffen. Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life (APPEAL) ist die erste große Studie, die die Auswirkungen und Belastungen durch eine Erdnussallergie auf Betroffene und Angehörige untersucht.

Material und Methoden

Betroffene mit Erdnussallergie und deren Eltern/Betreuer nahmen entweder an einer Online-Umfrage teil (APPEAL‑1, n = 273) oder gaben detaillierte Interviews (APPEAL‑2, n = 32).

Ergebnisse

Von den Befragten der APPEAL-1-Studie (56 erwachsene Patienten mit Erdnussallergie und 217 Eltern/Betreuer von Personen mit Erdnussallergie) gaben 85 % an, dass die Erdnussallergie ihre täglichen Aktivitäten beeinflusst, 65 % fühlten sich deshalb isoliert. 91 % sorgten sich besonders bei gesellschaftlichen Anlässen vor einer potenziellen Erdnussexposition; 85 % verspürten Hindernisse beim Pflegen sozialer Kontakte. Die häufigsten psychologischen Auswirkungen der Erdnussallergie waren Frustration (89 %), Unsicherheit (86 %) und Stress (88 %). Ein Großteil der Befragten (84 %) beschrieb ein Gefühl der Andersartigkeit. Durch die Erdnussallergie kommt es häufig zu Beeinträchtigungen bei sozialen Aktivitäten, im schulischen Umfeld, im Beruf (bei Eltern und erwachsenen Betroffenen) sowie in Bezug auf emotionales Befinden und Beziehungen. Als wichtigste Bewältigungsstrategien nannten die Teilnehmer eine gute Überwachung von Nahrung und Hygiene, den Austausch mit anderen und eine akribische Planung von Aktivitäten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Dies ist die erste alltagsbezogene Umfrage in Deutschland, die die Auswirkungen und Belastungen einer Erdnussallergie bei betroffenen Kindern, Jugendlichen und deren Eltern/Betreuern sowie bei selbst betroffenen Erwachsenen aufzeigt.
The anesthetist’s choice of inhalational vs. intravenous anesthetics has no impact on survival of glioblastoma patients
Authors: Schmoch Thomas , Jungk Christine , Bruckner Thomas , Haag Sabine , Zweckberger Klaus , von Deimling Andreas , Brenner Thorsten , Unterberg Andreas , Weigand Markus A. , Uhle Florian , Herold-Mende Christel
Published: December 2020

Recent data suggest that the type of anesthesia used during the resection of solid tumors impacts the long-term survival of patients favoring total-intravenous-anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalative-anesthesia (INHA). Here we sought to query this impact on survival in patients undergoing resection of glioblastoma (GBM). All patients receiving elective resection of a newly diagnosed, isocitrate-dehydrogenase-1-(IDH1)-wildtype GBM under general anesthesia between January 2010 and June 2017 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, were included. Patients were grouped according to the applied anesthetic technique. To adjust for potential prognostic confounders, patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio (TIVA vs. INHA), taking into account the known prognostic factors: age, extent of resection, O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase-(MGMT)-promoter-methylation-status, pre-operative Karnofsky-performance-index and adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free-survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoint was overall-survival (OS). In the study period, 576 patients underwent resection of a newly diagnosed, IDH-wildtype GBM. Patients with incomplete follow-up-data, on palliative treatment, having emergency or awake surgery; 54 patients remained in the TIVA-group and 417 in the INHA-group. After matching, 52 patients remained in the TIVA-group and 92 in the INHA-group. Median PFS was 6 months in both groups. The median OS was 13.5 months in the TIVA-group and 13.0 months in the INHA-group. No significant survival differences associated with the type of anesthesia were found either before or after adjustment for known prognostic factors. This retrospective study supports the notion that the current anesthetic approaches employed during the resection of IDH-wildtype GBM do not impact patient survival.
Landing Site Selection and Overview of China’s Lunar Landing Missions
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Zeng Xingguo , Li Chunlai , Ren Xin , Yan Wei , Tan Xu , Zhang Xiaoxia , Chen Wangli , Zuo Wei , Liu Yuxuan , Liu Bin , Liu Dawei , Zhou Qin , Ouyang Ziyuan
Published: December 2020

Landing site selection is of fundamental importance for lunar landing mission and it is closely related to the scientific goals of the mission. According to the widely concerned lunar science goals and the landing site selection of the ongoing lunar missions; China has carried out the selection of landing site for a series of Chang’ E (CE) missions. Under this background, this paper firstly introduced the principles, process, method and result of landing site selection of China’s Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), and then analyzed the support of the selected landing sites to the corresponding lunar research. This study also pointed out the outcomes that could possibly contribute to the key lunar questions on the basis of the selected landing sites of CE-4 and CE-5 such as deep material in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, lunar chronology, volcanic thermodynamics and geological structure evolution history of the Moon. Finally, this approach analyzed the development trend of China’s follow-up lunar landing missions, and suggested that the South Pole Region of the Moon could be the landing site of high priority for the future CE missions.
Working beyond disciplines in teacher teams: teachers’ revelations on enablers and inhibitors
Authors: Meeuwissen Stephanie N. E. , Gijselaers Wim H. , Wolfhagen Ineke H. A. P. , Oude Egbrink Mirjam G. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction Health professions education faces transitions from monodisciplinary to integrated education and from soloist teachers to interdisciplinary teacher teams. Interdisciplinary teamwork has been found complex and prone to conflict. Teachers’ perceptions of why some teams work and learn as a real interdisciplinary team and others do not are lacking in this setting. We studied the factors that teachers perceive as enabling and/or inhibiting interdisciplinary team learning.

Methods In this exploratory, qualitative study, we conducted 17 semi-structured, vignette-guided interviews with teachers recruited from diverse disciplines in undergraduate health professions programmes at Maastricht University, the Netherlands, through maximum variation sampling. Team learning research informed data collection and template analysis.

Results We identified three themes representing the factors that teachers perceived to influence interdisciplinary team learning: ‘alignment/misalignment with the educational philosophy’ (regarding personal attributes, tendencies and motivation), ‘leadership practices’ (encompassing team vision, responsibility and reflection), and ‘involvement in organisational processes’ (covering organisational decision-making, support and learning opportunities). For interdisciplinary team learning in development of integrated education, teachers emphasised their personal ability to move beyond disciplinary boundaries. Shared team leadership enabled the creation of a shared vision, shared responsibility, and team reflection. Lastly, teacher involvement in educational management, peer support and learning was considered important.

Discussion To work beyond disciplines in health professions education, teachers should take an interest in integrated education, share responsibility and work in an environment where people continuously learn from others.
An AI-Based System for Formative and Summative Assessment in Data Science Courses
Authors: Vittorini Pierpaolo , Menini Stefano , Tonelli Sara
Published: December 2020

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) provide hundreds of students with teaching materials, assessment tools, and collaborative instruments. The assessment activity, in particular, is demanding in terms of both time and effort; thus, the use of artificial intelligence can be useful to address and reduce the time and effort required. This paper reports on a system and related experiments finalised to improve both the performance and quality of formative and summative assessments in specific data science courses. The system is developed to automatically grade assignments composed of R commands commented with short sentences written in natural language. In our opinion, the use of the system can (i) shorten the correction times and reduce the possibility of errors and (ii) support the students while solving the exercises assigned during the course through automated feedback. To investigate these aims, an ad-hoc experiment was conducted in three courses containing the specific topic of statistical analysis of health data. Our evaluation demonstrated that automated grading has an acceptable correlation with human grading. Furthermore, the students who used the tool did not report usability issues, and those that used it for more than half of the exercises obtained (on average) higher grades in the exam. Finally, the use of the system reduced the correction time and assisted the professor in identifying correction errors.
Stance and Being
Authors: ROUSE JOSEPH
Published: December 2020

This essay builds upon Rebecca Kukla's constructive treatment of Dennettian stances as embodied coping strategies, to extend a conversation previously initiated by John Haugeland about Daniel Dennett on stances and real patterns and Martin Heidegger on the ontological difference. This comparison is mutually illuminating. It advances three underdeveloped issues in Heidegger: Dasein's ‘bodily nature’, the import of Heidegger's ontological pluralism for object identity, and how clarification of the sense of being in general bears on the manifold senses of being. It more sharply differentiates Kukla's and Dennett's understandings of stances and the real. Finally, it allows for further development of Kukla's account of Dennettian stances as embodied. These developments show greater complexity than what Kukla calls ‘the wide and counterfactually flexible repertoire of bodily positions’ that make up an embodied stance. They also show how different stances are compared and assessed even though Kukla rightly denies the possibility of a normative or explanatory philosophical ‘meta-stance’.
Gender sidestreaming? Analysing gender mainstreaming in national militaries and international peacekeeping
Authors: Newby Vanessa F. , Sebag Clotilde
Published: December 2020

Twenty years after the passing of Resolution 1325, the participation of women as military personnel in peacekeeping operations remains limited. Women currently comprise just under five per cent of military personnel in UN peacekeeping missions, and the UN consistently calls for more. We contend the low numbers of female military personnel in peacekeeping reflects a lack of gender mainstreaming in national militaries globally. This article introduces the problem of sidestreaming, the practice, deliberate or unintentional, of sidelining women and relegating them to specialised spaces in international peace and security while attempting gender mainstreaming or increased gender integration. Drawing on empirical evidence from national militaries we show how and where sidestreaming occurs with the result being that women remain clustered in gendered and low-status spaces in national militaries and in specialised spaces in peacekeeping operations. This has a negative effect on retention and recruitment contributing to the low numbers of female peacekeepers in UN peace operations. We conclude that gender mainstreaming in its fullest sense will require military reform that decouples violence and combat skills from masculinity and inclusive research strategies that engage men as well as women.
New statistical RI index allow to better track the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Bizzarri Mariano , Di Traglia Mario , Giuliani Alessandro , Vestri Annarita , Fedeli Valeria , Prestininzi Alberto
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 pandemic in Italy displayed a spatial distribution that made the tracking of its time course quite difficult. The most relevant anomaly was the marked spatial heterogeneity of COVID-19 diffusion. Lombardia region accounted for around 60% of fatal cases (while hosting 15% of Italian population). Moreover, 86% of fatalities concentrated in four Northern Italy regions. The ‘explosive’ outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardia at the very beginning of pandemic fatally biased the R-like statistics routinely used to control the disease dynamics. To (at least partially) overcome this bias, we propose a new index RI = dH/dI (daily derivative ratio of H and I, given H = Healed and I = Infected), corresponding to the ratio between healed and infected patients relative daily changes. The proposed index is less flawed than R by the uncertainty related to the estimated number of infected persons and allows to follow (and possibly forecast) epidemic dynamics in a largely model-independent way. To analyze the dynamics of the epidemic, starting from the beginning of the virus spreading—when data are insufficient to make an estimate by adopting SIR model—a "sigmoidal family with delay" logistic model was introduced. That approach allowed in estimating the epidemic peak using the few data gathered even before mid-March. Based on this analysis, the peak was correctly predicted to occur by end of April. Analytical methodology of the dynamics of the epidemic we are proposing herein aims to forecast the time and intensity of the epidemic peak (forward prediction), while allowing identifying the (more likely) beginning of the epidemic (backward prediction). In addition, we established a relationship between hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) versus deaths daily rates by avoiding the necessity to rely on precise estimates of the infected fraction of the population The joint evolution of the above parameters over time allows for a trustworthy and unbiased estimation of the dynamics of the epidemic, allowing us to clearly detect the qualitatively different character of the ‘so-called’ second wave with respect to the previous epidemic peak.
Single-cell-resolved measurement of enzyme activity at the tissue level using drop-on-demand microkits
Authors: Huang Rongcan , Jin Rong , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong-Yuan
Published: December 2020

Drop-on-demand microkits with a diameter of ∼20 μm are used to measure the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a brain slice with single-cell resolution.
A phase-dependent photoluminescent discotic liquid crystal bearing a graphdiyne substructure
Authors: Yu Zhen , Chen Xu-Man , Liu Zhi-Yang , Wang Meng , Huang Shuai , Yang Hong
Published: December 2020

In this manuscript, a graphdiyne-derived discotic liquid crystal material exhibiting a tunable phase-dependent photoluminescence property is reported.
Molecular-level insights into the self-assembly driven enantioselective recognition process
Authors: Gambhir Diksha , Mondal Bhaskar , Koner Rik Rani
Published: December 2020

Visible enantioselective recognition of chiral mandelic acid by an arginine-based gelator through orientation-controlled interactions of functional groups leading to a differentiable morphology.
Highly efficient BODIPY-doped upconversion nanoparticles for deep-red luminescence bioimaging in vivo
Authors: Jia Ti , Wang Qiuhong , Xu Ming , Yuan Wei , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou
Published: December 2020

BODIPY-doped upconversion nanoparticles with efficient deep-red upconversion luminescence (ϕUC = 6.9%) were developed for low-power bioimaging in vivo.
Hierarchical porous Ni, Fe-codoped Co-hydroxide arrays derived from metal–organic-frameworks for enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Ren Qian , Wu Jin-Qi , Li Cheng-Fei , Gu Lin-Fei , Xie Ling-Jie , Wang Yu , Li Gao-Ren
Published: December 2020

The multi metal organic frameworks can be successfully transformed into hierarchical porous Ni,Fe-codoped Co-hydroxide nanowire array catalysts with excellent electrocatalytic performance for the OER in alkaline media.
Intrinsic self-trapped broadband emission from zinc halide-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ma Wen , Song Xueling , Yin Jinlin , Fei Honghan
Published: December 2020

MFU-4l(Zn) are a class of non-toxic metal-based intrinsic self-trapped broadband emitters, which have high stability and can be functionalized by luminescent Alq3 guests.
Palladium-catalyzed C–H activation of simple arenes and cascade reaction with nitriles: access to 2,4,5-trisubstituted oxazoles
Authors: Dai Ling , Yu Shuling , Shao Yinlin , Li Renhao , Chen Zhongyan , Lv Ningning , Chen Jiuxi
Published: December 2020

An efficient and straightforward protocol for the assembly of the valuable oxazole skeleton is achieved for the first time through palladium-catalyzed C–H activation, carbopalladation and a tandem annulation sequence from readily available simple arenes and functionalized aliphatic nitriles.
Dynamic structural reconstruction of (guanidinium+)2(benzene-1,4-disulfonate2−) host crystal by guest adsorption
Authors: Abe Haruka , Kobayashi Takahiro , Hoshino Norihisa , Takeda Takashi , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: December 2020

Guanidinium (G+) and benzene-1,4-disulfonate (BDS2−) form a rigid electrostatic cation–anion crystal lattice, which undergoes an interesting dynamic structural reconstruction through guest adsorption–desorption processes.
Biological nanopores elucidate the differences between isomers of mercaptobenzoic-capped gold clusters
Authors: Cox Bobby D. , Martin Charles R. , Bertino Massimo F. , Reiner Joseph E.
Published: December 2020

Nanopore sensing can be applied to analyze ligand-induced structural fluctuations of metallic nanoclusters. This analysis is applied here to demonstrate various isomer effects for mercaptobenzoic-capped gold nanoclusters.
Investigation of the feasibility of online laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for elemental analysis of compositionally graded alloy parts during their fabrication
Authors: Lednev V. N. , Sdvizhenskii P. A. , Asyutin R. D. , Perestoronin A. V.
Published: December 2020

In this study we have demonstrated the feasibility of in situ and online laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis during compositionally graded metal part synthesis by the additive manufacturing technique.
One-pot three-component synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl naphthols and polyhydroquinolines using a deep eutectic solvent: a green method and mechanistic insight
Authors: Nguyen Vu Thanh , Nguyen Hai Truong , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: December 2020

The multicomponent synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl naphthols and polyhydroquinolines has been developed as an atom-economic procedure catalyzed by a deep eutectic solvent ([CholineCl][ZnCl2]3).
Sesterterpenoids: chemistry, biology, and biosynthesis
Authors: Li Keke , Gustafson Kirk R.
Published: December 2020

Over the last seven years, expanding research efforts focused on sesterterpenoids has led to the isolation, identification, and characterization of numerous structurally novel and biologically active sesterterpenoids.
Palladium catalyzed synthesis of indolizines via the carbonylative coupling of bromopyridines, imines and alkynes
Authors: Roy Sébastien A. , Zgheib José , Zhou Cuihan , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: December 2020

A palladium catalyzed, multicomponent synthesis of indolizines is described via the carbon monoxide driven generation of reactive, pyridine-based 1,3-dipoles.
Ex vivo identification of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood by fluorometric “turn on” aptamer nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Wenxi , Shangguan Xiaoyan , Li Miao , Wang Yang , Xi Dongmei , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Shao Kun , Peng Xiaojun
Published: December 2020

The detection of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detached from solid tumors has emerged as a burgeoning topic for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Nested-channel for on-demand alternation between electrospray ionization regimes
Authors: Li Mengtian , Li Huishan , Allen Nicholas R. , Wang Taoqing , Li Linfan , Schwartz Jae , Li Anyin
Published: December 2020

Nested electrospray ionization alternates on-demand between microscale main-channel and nanscale sub-channels.