bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Evaluation Study on AC Systems within Office and Business Building by DeST Software
Authors: Wei Yi Ran
Published: June 2012

A synthetic evaluation study on AC (Air Conditioning) Systems within office and business building is made by using DeST (Building Environment Design Simulation Toolkit) software (Developed by QingHua University ) and orthogonal experiment method. Many useful analysis results of the AC systems can be obtained such as the year electricity consumption, the year gas consumption, the year consumption amount of “Primary Energy”, the year average COP, the year average load ratio, the discharge amount of sensible heat to outdoor atmosphere in summer, and the year discharge amount of some main “Green House Effect” gases(CO2, SOx, NOx due to “Primary Energy” consumption) to outdoor atmosphere. Both of energy consumption characteristics and environmental effect of air conditioning systems, and their relationship with variety of parameters of architectural structure and type can be well known. All results we made are helpful to get guidance on the equipment selection, helpful to the operational mode selection of air-conditioning systems and the parameter selection of the architectural structure and type.
Artistic Environment in Hospital Design
Authors: Yang Zhen Jing , Zhang Guo Qing
Published: June 2012

Hospital environmental Design involves many subjects such as architecture, psychology and praxiology etc. Artworks in hospital broadly improve the environment for patients, staff and visitors. The paper puts forwards that art can considerably promote patients’ recovery, and has positive effect on staff morale and productivity. On the basis of analysis about valid art in hospitals on visuals, auditory and tactile sensation, the paper also discuses how to design artistic environment for different hospital space by using normal artworks such as painting works, live music and sculptures in viewpoint of an architect.
Ecological Adaptability of Traditional Vernacular Architecture of the Taihang Mountains
Authors: Jia Hui Xian , Peng Ying , Dong Qing Hui
Published: June 2012

Because of the special mountainous terrain of Taihang Mountains, a large number of vernacular architecture adapt to the environment and continue to develop so far, which encompasses a large number of eco-technologies and concepts. By analyzing and researching the layout of the vernacular architecture of the Taihang Mountains, the shape of space, materials technology, energy-saving technologies, construction techniques, we can discover the suitable ecological factors, and provide the basis for the realization of sustainable development and updating of the vernacular architecture.
Essence of Sustainable Development of Urban Building
Authors: Luo Jian Guo , He Mao Yan
Published: June 2012

Sustainable development is the indispensable composition of urban building.From the viewpoints of history,practice,as well as philosophy,actual facts ,deep analysis and discuss are carried out in this paper.Finally we come to an important conclusion that the basic gist of sustainable development in constructing urban building consists of law and rules,technology and resources.The research and analysis also tell us that the three factors above integrated together closely and developing by relying on each other are the necessary trend and the essential content.
Research on the Control System of Ecological Architecture
Authors: Xia Bo
Published: June 2012

This paper proceeds from the basic conceptions of systematology and cybernetics and researches ecological architecture from one new angle. The paper divides the building control system into the open-loop control system and closed-loop control system, and further researches their principles.
Procurement Risk Management of Engineering Materials Based on Uncertain Rising Prices
Authors: Chen Hui
Published: June 2012

Practical risk purchasing management method of engineering materials is put forward by using Monte Carlo Simulation. First, the calculation method of economic order quantity is put forward based on rising price. Second, appropriate insurance inventory is calculated when material requirements is variable.
Moral Risk Analysis of Construction Project Cost Management Incentive Mechanism
Authors: Lin Yi Yong , Wang You Song , Liu Jing Kuang
Published: June 2012

Cost management of construction project has experienced business accounting type, and control type management stage. But as the construction market becoming more mature, and the market-based products more competitive, now the cost management of construction project enters into the value creation management stage. If the construction enterprises only focus on target cost and responsibility cost management, it is difficult to carry out value creation effectively. This paper discusses how to adopt active incentive mechanism to encourage the agent to play initiative better and create more value under the circumstance of moral risk, determine the expected utility maximization parameters for construction project through the model optimization. This study found that incentive mechanism not only can make the agent more hard-working, but also is beneficial to improving the quantity of construction project. Finally, by providing numerical examples and analyzing the influence of variations of relevant parameters in incentive model, this paper has got comparatively satisfying results.
On early Mechanical Properties of Artificial Sand Concrete
Authors: Lin Yue Zhong
Published: June 2012

This paper studies the early mechanical properties of artificial sand concrete, we found by comparison with natural sand concrete that the slump of artificial sand concrete were increased by 85%, and the strength 0f 16h and 1d and3d were increased by 23.4% and 20% and 11%. Therefore, artificial sand can significantly improve the workability of concrete mix, improve the early strength of concrete. It has guidance significance to the early strength of concrete engineering.
Analysis and Summary of Characteristics of Confined Concrete
Authors: Shao Yun Da , Guo Hong
Published: June 2012

Characteristics and constraint mechanism of concrete confined by ties,concrete filled steel tube,FRP-strengthened concrete were summed up in this paper,and unified bearing capacity model for confined concrete was also introduced,then several new kinds of confined concrete forms were outlined,finally the development and application of confined concrete were prospected.
Evaluation Research of Critical Condition Design of BT Mode
Authors: Wang Chao , Ma Hai Bin , Yao Chuan Qin
Published: June 2012

The critical condition evaluation of BT mode is adopted to balance rights and benefits between government and investor. This paper aims to describe and analyze repurchasing radix design, yield design, and repurchasing mode design. Apply the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to set the evaluation model, which includes 8 valuables factors reflected in the evaluation, and do the preliminary empirical research of the model and get the primary weighing of the 8 factors through the empirical research. By calculating and analyzing, the model truly reflects the interest relation between the government and the investor. Using this model, theoretical foundation to BT mode decision-negotiation is offered.
AHP-Based Study on the Stress Evaluation System of Supervisors Stress
Authors: Dong Ping
Published: June 2012

This paper established the Evaluation Index system of supervisors’ stress level and used Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) assessing. According to the assessment results of based-AHP，supervision enterprise can make the stress management and can revised the inadequacies in the work constantly, perfected the job content, improved the efficiency and effectiveness of stress management work.
Legal Construction of Employer Payment Bond System in Engineering Management
Authors: Yuan Jia De
Published: June 2012

With the rational regression of house price and the decline in volume of real estate transactions across the country, both real estate development enterprise and construction enterprise face a series of fund shortage in the short term, or even medium-to-long term. Because construction enterprise has a lot of workers , lack of funding leads directly to a wide range of negative social effects. How to make construction enterprise avoid and transfer potential risks effectively? the resolutions include revising the existing laws, consolidating the project priorities of No. 286 clause of contract law, endowing clearly the contractor with the lien, establishing practical employer payment bond system.
The Research of Collaboration Management Framework for Complex Construction Project
Authors: Zhen Zhi Lu
Published: June 2012

Based on analyzing the complexity of construction projects, we established a collaborative management framework for complex construction project and presented the main content of collaborative management. The main content includes three parts, the first part is the collaborative management for system itself, the second part is to reduce the system complexity in order to reduce the difficulty of management and the last part is to reduce the complexity caused by the uncontrollable external environment. We can use the method of risk pre-assessment and take risk prevention measures to reduce the impact for collaborative management caused by the dynamic external environment.
Study on the Model of Integrated Risk Management for BOT Projects
Authors: Jiang Gong Liang
Published: June 2012

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts have been increasingly adopting for large infrastructure projects. However, BOT contracts have been a very important model for the investing and building the basic establishment. In order to improve management level and risk management ability for BOT projects, the model of integrated risk management for BOT projects is discussed in this paper. The risk involved in each phase of the project is analyzed. This paper suggests methods to mitigate these risks and put forward the correlative management flow and risk management process system as well as support technology. The method and technique put forward by this paper would be used for risk management of BOT projects. And it is effective for improve risk management ability and reduce the risk in BOT projects.
Research on the Application of Limestone Powder in Concrete Engineering
Authors: Cao Shuang Mei
Published: June 2012

This thesis first analyzes the necessity for the application of limestone powder produced in Lime Ridge from Xixia County, Henan Province. It also tests the concrete performance with different composition materials and does research on the influence of limestone powder on concrete strength by adding limestone powder instead of fly ash in fly ash concrete. It then finds out the reasonable volume of limestone powder to meet the concrete’s performance, in order to guarantee the scientific and effective use of limestone powder in concrete engineering.
Applying Numerical Simulation for Emergency Evacuation in Architectural Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xiao Chun , Ma Chun , Chen Wei Ping , Zhan Shui Fen
Published: June 2012

This study applies numerical simulation for emergency evacuation in architectural engineering. The study considered a series of models for simulating emergency evacuation in architectural engineering. The results showed that the time of emergency evacuation relates to maximum velocity and crowd density through horizontal open space, and relates to vertical gradient under vertical evacuation. It was concluded that the risk of emergency response for architectural engineering connected with evacuating capability of builders and circumstance of building site.
Idealized Cognitive Model for Engineering Education
Authors: Wang Xiao Ying
Published: June 2012

This study from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, the English ditransitive construction structural polysemy in conjunction the antisense strand of the comparative study of the constructions, reasoning semantic motivation. After the construction grammar and cognitive semantic analysis of center, semantic and extending semantic construal, pointed out in the English ditransitive construction system implementation and the first object semantic constraints. Not only the construal of English ditransitive construction implementation of the voluntary, but found the English ditransitive construction of non voluntary, so many in the ditransitive construction system is considered to be abnormal expressions to construal, formed the English ditransitive construction rational cognitive model.
The System Framework of Government Supervision in Construction Quality Standardization
Authors: Guo Han Ding , Shang Ling , Hao En Hai , Zhang Yin Xian
Published: June 2012

Improve the efficiency and scientific of government supervision working in construction quality is an essential for enhancing its effectiveness, government supervision in construction quality standardization is effective measures for improving supervision. The paper analysis the purpose carries out government supervision in construction quality standardization from two perspectives, including the chief part of supervision and the operation of supervision; and dissects a significance of building government supervision in construction quality standardization system from six aspects, including change the way of supervision, supervision development and revolution, improve supervision efficiency, mend supervision means, distinguish nature of supervision responsibility and the code of conduct of supervision. Based on internal demand and operating characteristics of government supervision in construction quality, constructing two systems which include supervision process and decision standardization; and decomposes the structure and interactive relationship between the systems. Realize government supervision effectively in construction quality through standardization.
The Study of the Relationship between Functional Reliability and Cost of Construction Projects
Authors: Xiao Guang Peng , Tao Xue Ming , Guo Dan Dan
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces the concept of subjective functional reliability and requirements method, and the establishment of a functional relationship with the project cost. With case and similar projects statistical verify the scientific, practical, to some extent, reflect people's expectations, and for limited --design laid the operability of the theoretical foundation.
The Rental Substitution Effect and Welfare Comparisons in Urban Housing Security System
Authors: Li Zhi Qing , Tian Jin Xin , Cui Yu Ying
Published: June 2012

A bilevel programming model, in which the government could maximize its efficiency and the vulnerable housing group could maximize its utility, was constructed under the market-cleaning assumption in urban housing security, and then the optimal decision by vulnerable housing groups is discussed in government’s price for affordable housing with property right, and the existence of the optimal decision by consumers and government is proved, respectively. And at the same time, the constructed bilevel model is solved through the use of the smoothing method. Finally, the bilevel programming model is constructed under the uncertainty and the non-market-cleaning accordingly. The conclusion shows that it is reasonable to maximize consumer welfare and the efficiency of government in urban housing security system, and it makes recommendations for government decision-making accordingly.
Sustainable Development Study in Xuchang City Based on Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources
Authors: Yan Hui , Li Jing Zhong
Published: June 2012

The relative carrying capacity of resources methods was used to calculate the relative carrying capacity of land resources, the relative carrying capacity of economic resources and carrying capacity of integrated resource of Xuchang City during 1978-2008. Study shows that: carrying capacity of integrated resource of Xuchang City is overload, overloading population between 44.2 ~ 1.203 million, showing a "low - high - low" fluctuations; before 1996, land resources is the main capacity resources of Xuchang City, while economic resources become the main capacity resources from then on, mainly due to the decrease of indices of the carrying capacity of land resources. the key factors to restrict sustainable development in Xuchang city is a weak economic foundation and a large population, so Xuchang city should speed up economic development, enhance the carrying capacity of economic resources; control the rapid population growth, improve population quality, make great efforts to achieve sustainable development of resources, environmental, economic and population in Xuchang City
Strengthening the Tourist Soft Power and Promoting the Economic Development of Taian City
Authors: Zhao Jing
Published: June 2012

Building an internationally famous tourist city involves the strong tourist soft power and rich tourist resources which can attract tourists at home and abroad. Tourism has become the pillar industry in Taian’s economy. The paper first analyses the advantages of Taian’s tourist industry, and then puts forward some specific strategies for strengthening the tourist soft power to promote the rapid economic development of Taian city.
Analysis of Protection and Development of the Historical-Civilized Villages along Yellow River Basin — Take Shanxi as an Example
Authors: Li Xian E , Zhao Yu Ting
Published: June 2012

Shanxi ancient villages and towns have a prominent representative in the historical and cultural dwellings in the Yellow River Valley. Based on the field research, this paper summarizes the experience in the protection and exploitation of Shanxi’s ancient villages into four modes, which mainly include the Jingsheng Mode, based on the county level’s fiscal revenue, the ancient Zhangbi Model driven by the county’s economy, the Huangcheng village Model developed by its rural economy, and the Shangzhuang Village’s Protective model based mainly on investment from individuals. These protection and development modes have achieved some initial results. In contrast with these, some historical towns represented by Ancient Town of Qikou are facing adverse conditions for emphasizing the protection too much to expand themselves. This paper will come up with a brief way for development.
On the Thinking and Countermeasures of Campus Planning
Authors: Zhang Xi
Published: June 2012

With the implement of the strategy of prospering the nation with science and education and the popularization of high education, the original size and facilities could not fulfill the development requirement. Currently, most high schools are facing many important tasks, such as, adjustment, expansion, alteration, and construction. How to improve the campus planning and reflecting the educational philosophy of the new University, author proposed Countermeasure in the function and existing problems of high school campus planning.
Improving the Durability of Concrete for Mechane Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xiang Chao , Xie Li Hui , Chan Hang , Huang Jun Wen
Published: June 2012

In order to improve the durability of concrete for mechane engineering, the experimental investigation of the preparation process condition of concrete have been reported.The effect of mix proportion design and chemical admixture on the strength of concrete are studied, the anti-permeability and anti-erosion by acid are analyzed. The results indicated that the addition of 1% water-reducing admixture and 3% organic Si waterproof (the precent of admixture and cement in mass) are useful to improve the mechanics property and durability of the concrete, the compressive strength after dipped in water 48 h enhance 100% , the permaebility grade enhance from P4 to P10, the erosion coefficient K decrease from 6.1% to 2.2% and the erosion degree R decrease from 57.5% to 32.8%, respectively, compare with that without dopant the water-reducing admixture. The results gained in this study are helpful for improving the the durability of the concrete and enlarge application the mechane engineering in rural areas.
Conservation of Heritage Corridor – Case Study of Historic Towns in Beijing-Tianjin Section of the Grand Canal
Authors: Li Hong Yan
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses conservation of heritage corridor based on a case study on historic towns along Beijing-Tianjin section of the Grand Canal. Through fieldwork in more than ten towns and districts, the author finds out that material remains in the ancient towns are very rich, diverse cultures have close relation to the canal and the natural environment is so important to the sustainable development of this area. The paper points out that the ancient remains have significant historic and cultural value and the Grand Canal implies great ecological value. It stresses on authenticity and integrity in heritage conservation and proposes the combination of heritage conservation and ecological protection.
Analysis on the Combustion Performance of the MMFU-Boric Acid/Borax Treated Poplar Wood
Authors: Chai Yu Bo , Liu Jun Liang , Xing Zhen
Published: June 2012

In this study, Melamine-methanol-formaldehyde-urea (MMFU) resin and the mixture of MMFU/boric acid/borax (MBB) were used as the modification solutions to impregnate wood from poplar plantation. The combustion performance of the wood before and after impregnation treatment was investigated by using the oxygen index apparatus and cone calorimeter. Results showed that the oxygen index of the MMFU and MBB treated wood both increased. Compared with the untreated wood, the MMFU and MBB treatment significantly delayed the ignition time and the appearance of peak value of the heat release rate (HRR) during the combustion. The MMFU and MBB treatment also reduced the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), mass loss rate (MLR), generation rate of carbon monoxide (GCO) as well as total smoke release (TSR) significantly. Both MMFU and MBB exhibited good effect of smoke suppression on wood, while MBB had better flame retardancy than MMFU. Boric acid/borax exerted excellent synergistic effect of fire resistance on MMFU.
Research on Durability of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete
Authors: Quan Hong Zhu
Published: June 2012

The paper presents the results of series of experimental studies on effects of the type and replacement ratio of fly ash to portland cement on durability of concrete. Specimens made from 28 mixes of fly ash concrete with water binder ratio of 38% to 60% and with replacement ratio of fly ash of 25% to 70% and 5 mixes of portland cement concrete with water cement ratio of 38% to 75% were tested for compressive strengths, drying shrinkage, carbonation and resistance to freezing and thawing. As a results, drying shringkage decreased with fly ash addition regardless of type and replacement ratio of fly ash. Carbonation increased with fly ash replacement ratio, and type 1 fly ash showed higher carbonation. Type 1 and tpye 2 fly ashes showed practically no change in durability factor after 300 cycles of freezing and thawing up to 55% replacement, while type 4 fly ash showed rapid reduction in durability factor up to 40% replacement ratio.
Flexural Ductility of High Strength Steel Girder in Negative Moment Region
Authors: Joo Hyun Sung , Kim Jung Kyun , Choi Byung Ho , Lee Hak Eun
Published: June 2012

For I-girder with high strength steel, it is known that the flexural ductility is considerably decreased by increasing the yield strength of material. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a study for guaranteeing proper flexural ductility of I-girder with high-strength steel. In this study, the evaluation of flexural ductility of negative moment region of I-girder with high strength steel where yield stress of steel is 690Mpa is presented based on the results of finite element analysis and experiment. From the results, it is found that the flexural ductility of the I-girder is significantly reduced due to the increase of elastic deformation and the decrease of plastic deformation ability of the material when the yield strength increases. This study proposed equation predicted flexural ductility of high strength steel in negative moment region. It is also proposed the method to improve the flexural ductility by an unequal installation of cross beam and an optimal position of cross beam. Finally, the effects of the unequal installation of cross beam on the flexural ductility are discussed based on the finite element results and the experimental results.
Development of Cement Industry and Widening of Marketing Channels
Authors: Wang Gang , Ning Feng Yan
Published: June 2012

the cement indusrry has a far-reaching effect on the economical development, and city is a layout poured by cement. The China cement industry is very promising, the choice between its industry layout and city economy development is an important content of the modern economy. In China, the cement industry not merely needs to be greatly develped, and much need to improve the structure and quality of the city. The city development needs the cement industry to scientifically adjust its industry layout, develop marketing channels, and improve the production service function. The industry development can promote regional economic harmonious order, and make progress in good way.
Analysis of Fired Brick and Tile Waste Characteristics in Adapting to the Road Greening
Authors: Guo Tao , Li Peng Fei , Han Yan , Luo Fan
Published: June 2012

Traditional road green growing material does not take into account the particularity of green traffic areas. Characteristic of the road greening and ordinary green standard is not the same. In road greening projects, vegetation planting layer is required to meet the basic conditions for plant growth, in addition vegetation planted layer need structural requirements. Fired brick and tile waste material have microporous structure. The pore structure is capable of storing water and nutrients, fired brick and tile waste materials have the stronger crushing strength and frost resistance. Fired brick and tile waste can satisfy the dual needs of the structure and plant growth. These characteristics determine fired brick and tile waste to have enormous potential in the road greening projects.
Study on Preparation and Machining Performance of SiC/Cu Composites
Authors: Xie Nian Suo , Wang Jin
Published: June 2012

SiC/Cu composite materials were fabricated by powder metallurgy, and microstructure of composite was analyzed by means of metallographic microscope. The high speed steel tool and cemented carbide tool are used as cutters, and machining performance of SiC/Cu Composites were studied by cutting lathe and wire-electro discharge machine. The relationship between wire-electro discharge machining cutting speed and pulse interval were studied by wire-electro discharge machine. The results show that the composite cutting surface roughness increases with increasing of the content of SiC particles when the size of SiC is 40μm, while composite cutting surface roughness decreases with increasing of the content of SiC particles when the size of SiC is 20μm, the cemented carbide tolls have longer life than high-speed steel tools. The surface roughness of composite increases with the increasing of source voltage, but it decreases with increasing of pulse interval in the wire-electro discharge machining cutting conditions.
Nb Microalloyed Steel of Grain Coarsening Law
Authors: Liu Fen , Zhang Jun Cai
Published: June 2012

With the process parameters and processing conditions in the mill, a systematic experimental research were conducted to Q345 steel containing niobium austenite grain growth law, and analysis the dissolution and precipitation behavior of Nb carbonitride. The results shows that Nb-microalloyed steel heated to 1180 ~ 1230 °C can significantly improve strength and toughness of steel and performance.
Pre-Cast Coursed Rubble Blocks
Authors: Patil Rajendra K.
Published: June 2012

The experiment undertaken at the Ramakrishna Mission’s educational campus at Coimbatore, India, targeted developing pre-cast elements for masonry walls that will: reduce construction time; give stony outer appearance to walls; and use environmentally friendly methods, raw materials, and currently available technology. This paper describes methods and equipment for manufacture of pre-cast elements from coursed rubble stones and concrete, called here the Pre-Cast Coursed Rubble (PCCR) blocks, developed during the experiment. It will be clear that use of these blocks in walls speeds construction, requires less skilled labour, improves appearance, and reduces material and labour costs.
Parameter Identification for Piezoelectric Material in a Piezoelectric Laminated Composite Beam Model
Authors: Li Shuang Bei , Jiang Lin Jie , Mo Du Yi , Huang Li Xin
Published: June 2012

A fit-to-data technique was proposed to identify the mechanical and piezoelectric parameters of a model involving a piezoelectric laminated composite beam. Analytical solutions for displacement of the model were derived for parameter identification. The parameter identification problem was formulated as the problem of minimizing the objective function defined as a square sum of differences between the measured displacement and the computed displacement by the analytical solutions. Levenberg-Marquardt method was used to solve the minimization problem. The sensitivities of displacements with respect to the parameters were based on the finite difference approximation method. Numerical example shows that the proposed technique for parameter identification is effective.
The Design Method of Q460 Equal Angle Steel Strut
Authors: Shi Shi Lun
Published: June 2012

With the comprehensive development of ultra-high voltage (UHV) engineering projects in China, traditional strength of steel can not meet the demands of UHV transmission tower because of the great height, span and load. Therefore, it is necessary to widely use Q460 equal angle steel. The deficiency of studies on related theories and tests leads to the lack of sufficient basis for its use. In this paper, experimental and theoretical researches were carried out on the bearing capacity of compression members of Q460 equal angle steel. Based on the test results, design suggestions and methods were put forward.
Effects of the DO of Nitrification Return Flow on the Nitrogen Removal of A/A-MBR Combined Process
Authors: Zheng Xiao Ying , Chen Wei , Li Ji , He Yu Jie , Huang Xi , Wang Xing Nan
Published: June 2012

In this study, the traditional A/A/O process was combined with MBR to create the A/A-MBR combined process. A 2.0 m3/h pilot scale study on the combined process was carried out. The influence mechanism of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the return flow on the A/A-MBR combined process was analyzed and the suitable dissolved oxygen concentration in MBR was further optimized. The results show that the combined process has the characteristics of rapid start and stable operation. Its COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP removals were 82.1%~92.4%, 93.0~98.3%, 48.4~70.7% and 93.8~97.9%, respectively. The return flow with high concentration of DO in MBR seriously affected the denitrification rate. The DO concentration of return flow increased gradually from 2.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L, the denitrification rate continuously decreased, the denitrification rate in the first stage decreased from 2.52 mg NO3--N/(gVSS•h) to 0.34mg NO3--N/(gVSS•h). When the DO of nitrification return liquid ascended to 5 mg/L, the denitrification ability of activated sludge was severely inhibited, and its denitrification activity was even lost. DO were controlled between 4.0±0.5 mg/L by adjusting the aeration rate in the MBR, effluent TN could be stably maintained between 10.82-13.94 mg/L with 62.6% average removal rate. The effluent COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP stably qualified to t criteria of the first level A of China’ s "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant" (GB18918-2002). If the effective control of membrane fouling could be ensured, the DO in the MBR was controlled as much as possible fewer than 4.0 mg/L. This could decrease the inhibition of denitrification by high DO from the return flow and insure that effluent TN achieved the discharge standard.
Fabrication Research on the Double Cathode-Conducting-Layer for Diode Field Emission Display with CNT Emitters
Authors: Li Xiao Quan
Published: June 2012

With printed silver electrode and etched indium tin oxide (ITO) stripe, the double cathode-conducting-layer was developed on the cathode back plane. The lower ITO electrodes were composed of divided ITO film covered on the cathode back plane and the upper silver electrode was formed by the sintered silver slurry. And the cathode insulation layer was used to separate the lower ITO electrodes and the upper silver electrodes. Carbon nanotube used as field emitters, the fabrication research on the field emission display panel was performed. The main function for the double cathode-conducting-layer was to decrease the cathode voltage drop on the upper silver electrodes on the cathode back plane. The sealed small size field emission display panel possessed better image display performance.
An Overview of Master Sintering Curve
Authors: Yang Xia , Bai Ying Long , Xu Meng , Guo Shi Ju
Published: June 2012

The search for a simple, accurate model to predict the sintering behavior is still a valid challenge facing the particulate materials industry. In spite of the sophistication of the before proposed methods, most models have not yet attained a desirable level of applicability. All just describe the micro sintering process but fail in controlling the densification behavior. The master sintering curve (MSC) is a model in densification which can adequately predict sintering results and is independent of heating history. The MSC can give better understanding of arbitrary sintering process and be introduced into industry production successfully. This paper provides a detailed overview of the MSC, including the construction, application, complications and some improvements of the concept.
Advanced Sensor Materials and its Application
Authors: Niu Jinhu , Sun Xiaosu
Published: June 2012

The sensor materials are the foundation of sensor technology. The development and application of new materials promoted the progress of the new sensors. The new application of conductive composite materials, composite nanomaterial, and carbon nanotubes materials were presented briefly in this paper on the multi-functions flexible tactile sensor, electrochemical biosensor, and semiconductor gas sensor.
Impact Strength and Fractal Characteristic of PLA-Based Wood Plastic Composites
Authors: Qiang Tao , Yu De Mei , Gao Hong Hong
Published: June 2012

Polylactide(PLA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs) toughened with LLDPE were manufactured by extrusion blending followed by injection molding. The fracture surfaces created from the impact test were recorded with SEM. Fractal analysis has been used to calculate the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces with four different techniques. Then, the relationship between the fractal dimension of the fracture surfaces and its impact strength of the PLA-based WPCs was investigated with the linear regression. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the impact strength and the fractal dimension for each calculation method.
Research on the Carbonation of Cement Paste Modified with Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Chen Liang Jun , Chen Xiao Xing , Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

The carbonation of concrete is one of the factors that weaken the durability of the concrete. Accelerated carbonation method was utilized to study the strength and carbonation resistance of cement paste containing different contents of layered double hydroxides treated in different ways. The results show that the LDH improves the carbonation resistance of the cement paste obviously. With 2% addition of the LDH, cement paste shows enhanced carbonation resistance in early age. When LDHs is added, the strength of cement paste decreases to some extent.
Effect of Redispersible Powders on Frost Resistance of Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortar
Authors: Ye Zheng Mao , Zheng Liancong , Zhang Yong , Cheng Xin
Published: June 2012

Frost Resistance of rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement was modified with redispersible powders. Frost resistance and strength of sulphoaluminate cement mortar were tested. With the help of SEM and mercury porosimetry, the morphology of the hydrates and the micro-structure of the mortar were observed. The frost resistance mechanism of redispersible powders in the mortar is analyzed. The results show that the frost resistance of sulphoaluminate cement mortar could be improved significantly by mixing redispersible powders. The optimal content of redispersible powders is 0.9%.
Fabrication of Permeable Material with Sugar Mud and City Sludge
Authors: Jing Yang Yang , Gao Wen Yuan , Jiao Hong Tao , Liu Jian Bo
Published: June 2012

Analysis and research the composition and properties of sugar mud and city sludge and add other materials to make the permeable material. Research results show that the main crystal phase with Mullite, Quartz and Calciclase when the mass percent respectively of sugar mud, fly ash, clay, waste ceramic, city sludge, glass powder are 15%, 20%, 35%, 20%, 5%, 5%, the optimal sintering temperature is 1100°C and the holding time is 0.5h. The water absorption of permeable material is 24.50%, the porosity is 34.81%, the flexural strength is 14.33MPa, the range of aperture size is 5μm ~30μm.
Preparation of Nano-TiO2 in Inverse Microemulsion System with TiOSO4 as Raw Material
Authors: Jia Xing Xin , Gao Wen Yuan , Niu Mei Hong
Published: June 2012

The nanosized TiO2was prepared by microemulsion process in the system of cyclohexane/[Span80 combine with Tween40]/water with TiOSO4as raw material. The synthesis process of the powder was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser particle size analysis (LPSA). The results showes that TiO2with the average size of 19.5nm and narrow size distribution was prepared under these conditions of Span80 of 8g and Tween40 of 2g as the emulsifier, water/oil mass ratio of 1/4, amount of TiOSO4of 10mL with the consistency of 0.8mol/L, calcination temperature of 480 °C for 20min.
New Nanocomposite Based on the Cellulose Nanofibers and Epoxy Resin
Authors: Pan Jia , Li Da Gang , Deng Qiao Yun , Wang Yu Mei , Lin Dong Liang
Published: June 2012

The cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were made from the wood powder with the chemical and the mechanical treatment. The image of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) could help to analysis the morphology of the obtained CNFs combined with the photographs of dispersions of the CNFs’ suspensions. It was found the fibers distribute uniformly, and the high aspect ratio was be calculated through the SEM images. Then the obtained CNFs were used as the fiber-reinforced material in the epoxy composite because of their structure of the network and the high aspect ratio. The mechanical properties of the epoxy nanocomposite were evaluated by tensile test, and the increase in Young’s modulus was observed at different ﬁber contents. The mechanism of action was analyzed combined the tensile test and the SEM images of fracture surface that the CNFs restricted the free movement of thermoset polymer chains by crack tip pinning. In the further study, more different content of the CNFs will be observed in the epoxy composites.
Characterization of OGFC Mixtures Containing Lignin Fibers
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Li Ping , Sun Li Jun
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with the viability of using lignin fibers as an additive in OGFC mixtures. Draindown test results indicated that OGFC mixtures with the two kinds of fibers can both be effectively used to retard draindown of the binder and mineral filler. Mixture designs were performed for a range of 3.5–6.0% asphalt content. Laboratory tests including indirect tensile load tests, Cantabro test, soaking Cantabro test were carried out on OGFC mixtures to determine the tensile strength, anti-abrasion ability and durability. The test results indicated that OGFC mixtures with lignin fibers showed improvement in strength, improved resistance to abrasion, and reduce moisture susceptibility when compared with mixtures without fibers. Comparison of test performance of two different lignin fibers added to OGFC mixture shows that flocculent lignin Fibers is superior to the Granular fiber.
Research on the Design and Use of Structures and Components Made from Fibre Composite Materials
Authors: Wang Peng
Published: June 2012

Fibres composite materials designed as glass fibre, carbon fibre and aramid fibre. They were used for chemical resistance, compressive strength, stiffness, impact resistance, and fire resistance. However, they had a number of limitations, including vandalism, accidental damage, short-term durability, high cost, and suitably qualified staff shortage. These problems could be solved by appropriate monitoring, suitably qualified designers and contractors. The design and use of fibre composite materials has become an important aspect of engineering.
Study of Lightweight Concrete for Roof Insulation Materials
Authors: Cui H. Z. , Shi X.
Published: June 2012

This paper presents an experimental study to determine the thermal transmittance of various types of lightweight concrete with an objective to assess the applicability of lightweight concrete as a roof insulation material. The lightweight concrete ranging in density from 400 kg/m3 to 1700 kg/m3 was investigated. The results were also compared with normal weight concrete. It was found that the expanded clay aggregate concrete with density of 700 to 900 kg/m3 had adequate insulation property and enough strength to be applied without the use of surface tiles. Lightweight concrete with Perlite provided better insulation than expanded clay aggregate concrete. Because of its lower in strengths, Perlite concrete required the use of surface tiles to permit maintenance access to roof.
Magnesium Phosphate Cement with Large Volume of Fly Ash
Authors: Ding Zhu , Dong Bi Qin , Xing Feng
Published: June 2012

The accumulation of fly ash leads to severe problems in ecological environments. Various ways to excite the activity of fly ash in Portland cement based cementitious materials have been carried out for many years. In the present study, effect of large volume of fly ash in phosphate cement was studied. Dead burned magnesia, two phosphates (monoammonium phosphate and monosodium phosphate), and fly ash were used. The fabricated cement mortar specimens with different fly ash dosages were cured for 28 days in the lab air. Compressive strength was determined in 1d, 3d, 7d and 28d respectively. It is showed the compressive strength reduced with increase of fly ash content and increased with the curing time. After cured 28 days, the compressive strength of cement mortar developed to14MPa, when 80% fly ash was used. The reaction product, Na2HPO4•17H2O was found by X-ray diffraction analysis in sodium phosphate based cement. No ammonia gas was emitted and large volume of fly ash can be used in cement prepared from sodium phosphate. It is a new environmentally friendly cement material.
Characterization of Wood-Polymer Composite Fabricated by Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene within Wood
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Dong Xiao Ying , Liu Yi Xing
Published: June 2012

The fast-growing poplar wood, Populus ussuriensis Kom, was prepared into wood-polymer composite by the in-situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) under vacuum/pressure and subsequent catalyst-thermal conditions. SEM observation, FTIR, XRD and DMA analysis indicated that the resulted polymer well filled up wood cell lumen in an amorphous form and physically reinforce wood matrix, which resulted in the improvement of glass transition temperature and storage modulus of wood. Such method could endow low-quality wood with potential value-added applications.
Toughening Mechanism and the Application of Epoxy Adhesive Modified by Nano-SiO2
Authors: Wang Xi , Zheng S. R. , Wang R. M.
Published: June 2012

Epoxy resin adhesives are widely used in various sectors, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries. However, the solidification of the three-dimensional network structure of pure epoxy resin, which causes greater density and brittleness, results in poor system resilience. With the ultimate goal of improving the resilience of epoxy resin, nano-sized SiO2particles were introduced to improve the adhesion strength of both modified and unmodified epoxy adhesive. The results indicated increases of shearing strength from 16.66-Mpa to 18.01 -Mpa, impact strength from 15.4-kJ/m2 to 33.68-kJ/m2, and flexural strength from 70.5-Mpa to 80.94 Mpa.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Clay Body Mixed with Sewage Sludge
Authors: Zhao Ya Ding , Wang Zhi Yu , Ma Cai Long
Published: June 2012

Physical and mechanical properties including volume density, compressive strength and linear shrinkage of sintered clay body (SCB) mixed with sewage sludge incineration ash (SSIA) at the highest calcination temperature of 1050°C have been investigated. The result shows that 40% is the maximum percentage of SSIA in the SCB for meeting the compressive strength MU10 in the national standard GB5101-2003.
Study on the Process of Preparing Microporous Polyvinyl Chloride
Authors: Lu Sheng Jun , Zhou Zhi Min , Wang Cai Hong , Yu Jie
Published: June 2012

Microporous Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) was prepared by foaming of PVC powders using the solution of 2, 2’-azo-bis-iso-butyronitrile (AIBN) in co-solvent of butanone and cyclohexanone when heated. The effect of composition of solvent and quantity fraction of AIBN also preferred dioctyl phthalate (DOP) on the structure of microporous PVC is discussed. The results indicated that much microporosity with average size of 0.2-2μm can be generated when acetone is selected as solvent, 2% DOP and 10% AIBN are used. The microporous PVC is a potential desirable reactor to prepare CaCO3 nanoparticle.
Weather Resistance Properties of Sintered Clay Body Mixed with Sewage Sludge
Authors: Zhao Ya Ding , Wang Zhi Yu , Ma Cai Long
Published: June 2012

Weather resistance properties of the sintered clay body (SCB) mixed with various content of sewage sludge incineration ash (SSIA) has been investigated. The result indicates that the water absorption ratio of SCB mixed with SSIA increased linearly with the increase of the content of SSIA, while the saturation coefficient remained constant. After the freeze-thaw cycles, the SCB body mixed with SSIA showed a stable and smooth appearance. From the SEM results, the internal porosity and pore size of SCB raised significantly with the increase of content of SSIA.
Attrition Resistant Catalyst of Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Hai Peng , Li Wei , Xiao Wen De
Published: June 2012

Direct dimethyl ether synthesis catalysts containing different content of SiO2 are prepared by spray drying method and characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, and Polarizing Microscope. It is found that the spray drying process improved the spherical of the catalyst particles and the attrition resistance of the catalyst is increased by the addition of SiO2. The SiO2 formed a framework throughout the catalyst and has little effect on the morphology of CuO, ZnO and HZSM-5. The activity of the catalyst shows a little decrease with the SiO2 addition.
Study on Desulfurized Gypsum-Steel Slag Composite Gelled Material Mechanics Properties
Authors: Hao Run Xia , Guo Xiao Yan
Published: June 2012

Using desulfurized gypsum and steel slag as raw material make desulfurized gypsum-steel slag composite gelled material, by adding cement, triethanolamine, aluminium sulfate, compound activator improve gelled material mechanics performance of materials. The experimental results show that when the proportion of desulfurized gypsum and steel slag for 85:15, mixing the compound activator that aluminum sulfate mixed quantity is 1%, cement mixed quantity is 3%, triethanolamine mixed quantity is 0.8%, sample’s 14d flexural strength can reach 5.83 MPa and compressive strength can reach 16.14 MPa. SEM analysis shows that a lot of C-S-H gel structure in hydration products is conducive to improve desulfurized gypsum-the strength of steel slag gelled material, reach the purpose of improving gelled material mechanics performance.