bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREDICTORS OF THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE AND LENGTH OF HOSPITALIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING PHARMACOTHERAPY
Authors:   Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus, Assanovich M. V.
Published: November 2021

Topicality. Search for scientifically based criteria for symptomatic remission and outcomes in schizophrenia is an urgent problem in modern psychiatry. Aim. To determine predictors of therapeutic response and duration of hospitalization during the course of psychopharmacotherapy in patients with schizophrenia. Material and methods. Clinical and metric examination using scales for assessing severity of positive (SAPS, PSYRATS, BABS) and negative (SANS, NSA-5) symptoms was performed in 157 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia twice: on admission to hospital and after the course of psychopharmacotherapy. The model for predicting therapeutic response was built using logistic regression, the model for predicting duration of hospitalization was built using linear regression using metrically justified criteria for achieving a significantly low level of severity of positive and negative symptoms as criteria for a significant therapeutic response. Results. The predictors were determined that increase and decrease likelihood of therapeutic response for scales for assessing positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia during the course of psychopharmacotherapy. Conclusions. Therapeutic response prediction models for scales for assessing the severity of positive symptoms and scales for the severity of negative symptoms are of good quality and high diagnostic value.
Analisis Respons dan Kinerja Struktur Bangunan Gedung Menggunakan Pushover Analysis
Authors: Usman Arie Putra , Rosidawani  , Sri Palta Mutmainna
Published: November 2021

[ID] Indonesia merupakan negara dengan resiko gempa tinggi, hal ini diakibatkan oleh pertemuan lempeng-lempeng tektonik utama dan lempeng kecil lainnya yang mengelilingi Indonesia. Setiap wilayah indonesia memiliki tingkat resiko gempa yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari resiko gempa rendah hingga resiko gempa tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan respons dan kinerja struktur suatu bangunan gedung di beberapa wilayah yang mewakili tingkat resiko gempa rendah hingga tinggi. Adapun wilayah-wilayah yang ditinjau dalam penelitian ini yaitu wilayah Pontianak, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandar Lampung, dan Palu. Analisis dilakukan pada bangunan beton bertulang empat lantai dengan dinding geser dengan menggunakan bantuan program SAP 2000 guna mendapatkan repons dan kinerja struktur. Hasil respons struktur dari penelitian menunjukkan nilai simpangan lateral lantai dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil yaitu dimulai dari wilayah Palu, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Palembang, dan Pontianak.  Wilayah Palu memiliki nilai simpangan lateral lantai yang terbesar yaitu 23,745 mm dan 23,690 mm untuk arah X dan Y sedangkan wilayah Pontianak memiliki nilai simpangan lateral lantai terkecil dengan besar simpangan lateral 7,571 mm dan 7,439 mm untuk arah X dan Y. Berdasarkan analisis pushover didapatkan level kinerja struktur memiliki level kinerja B untuk Wilayah Palu dan IO untuk wilayah lainnya.

[EN] Indonesia is a country with a high risk of earthquake due to the meeting of the main tectonic plates and other small plates that surround Indonesia. Each area in this country has a different level of earthquake risk, ranging from low to high earthquake risk. This study aims to compare the response and structural performance of buildings in some areas with low to high earthquake risk levels. The areas covered Pontianak, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandar Lampung, and Palu. The analysis was carried out on a four-story reinforced concrete with shear walls using the SAP 2000 program to obtain the response and performance of the building structure. The results of the structural response showed the value of the floor lateral deviation from the largest to the smallest, starting from Palu, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Palembang, and Pontianak. Pulu has the largest floor lateral deviation values of 23.745 mm and 23.690 mm for the X and Y directions, while Pontianak has the smallest floor lateral deviation values of 7.571 mm and 7.439 mm for the X and Y directions. Based on the pushover analysis, the structure has a performance level of B for Palu areas and IO for other areas.
SumajGAN: transferencia supervisada de maquillaje facial con redes generativas adversarias profundas
Authors: Guzmán-Ramos Pedro Jesús , Mamani-Ticona Wilfredo
Published: November 2021

El reto de la transferencia de maquillaje de una imagen a otra ya está resuelto por los modelos BeautyGAN, PairedCycleGAN y BeautyGlow. Estos modelos lograron solucio nar el reto mencionado mediante un enfoque de aprendizaje semisupervisado; lo cual resuelve el problema de obtener un dataset alineado de maquillaje, pero a costa de un alto poder de cómputo. Por este motivo, en esta investigación se creó un dataset de imágenes alineadas y adicionalmente se propuso un modelo de transferencia de maquillaje mediante un enfoque supervisado. El dataset está compuesto por 5400 grupos de imágenes, cada grupo de imágenes se encuentra conformado por una imagen sin maquillaje, una imagen con maquillaje de referen cia y otra imagen con el maquillaje de la referencia y la identidad de la persona sin maquillaje. El modelo propuesto en esta investigación es llamado SumajGAN, el modelo se encuentra conformado por un discriminador de tipo PatchGAN y un generador de dos entradas inspi radas en un autoencoder. Se realizaron varios experimentos y el mejor resultado obtenido fue de 0,021658644 de error absoluto medio y alta resolución con una correcta transferencia de maquillaje. El modelo SumajGAN ha logrado realizar el objetivo planteado disminuyendo el tiempo de entrenamiento de modelos como BeautyGAN, PairedCycleGAN y BeautyGlow.
Retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 depending on receiving antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and antihypertensive therapy
Authors: Demidova Tatiana Yu. , Lobanova Kristina G. , Perekhodov Sergey N. , Antsiferov Michail B. , Oynotkinova Olga S.
Published: November 2021

Background. The main factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular accidents and mortality among patients with COVID-19 include hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Therefore, all patients with COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome should receive antihypertensive (AHT), hypolipidemic (GLT) and hypoglycemic therapy (GGT). Currently, there is a limited number of studies regarding the effectiveness and safety of this therapy in patients with COVID-19.
Aim. Evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19, depending on the recipient of AHT, GLT and GGT.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes "discharged/died" of 1753 patients with COVID-19 was carried out depending on the received AHT, GLT and GGT.
Results. A significant reduction in the risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers ACE inhibitors/ARBs (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.210.72; p0.05) and b-adrenergic blockers b-AB (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.281; p0.05). At the same time, against the background of therapy with ACE inhibitors/ARBs and b-ABs, the chance of mortality decreased more significantly among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with patients without T2DM. Diuretic therapy was associated with a 3-fold increase in the chances of death: OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.884.79; p0.05. Statin therapy did not affect clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. On the background of therapy with oral hypoglycemic drugs, the risk of mortality decreased 5-fold (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.070.54; p0.05). Against the background of insulin therapy, there was an increase in mortality risk by 2.8 times (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.55.29; p0.05).
Conclusion. A significant reduction in mortality among patients with COVID-19 was observed during therapy with ACEI/ARB, b-AB, and oral hypoglycemic therapy. Increased risk of death was associated with insulin therapy and diuretic therapy.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics and results of treatment of patients with ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumors of various localization
Authors: Golounina Olga O. , Belaya Zhanna E. , Rozhinskaya Liudmila Ya. , Marova Evgeniya I. , Pikunov Michail Yu. , Khandaeva Patimat M. , Arapova Svetlana D. , Dzeranova Larisa K. , Kuznetsov Nikolai S. , Fadeev Valentin V. , Melnichenko Galina A. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: November 2021

Aim. To study the clinical, biochemical characteristics, treatment results and follow-up of patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome EAS (ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone ).
Materials and methods. A retrospective, observational, single-center study of 130 patients with EAS. Demographic information of patients, medical history, results of laboratory and instrumental investigations at the pre- and postoperative stages and follow-up of EAS were analyzed.
Results. The mean age at the diagnosis ranged from 12 to 74 years (Me 40 years [28; 54]). The duration of the disease from the onset of symptoms to the verification of the diagnosis varied from 2 to 168 months (Me 17.5 months [7; 46]). Eighty-one (62,3%) patients had bronchopulmonary NET, 9 thymic carcinoid, 7 pancreatic NET, 5 pheochromocytoma, 1 cecum NET, 1 appendix carcinoid tumor, 1 medullary thyroid cancer and 25 (19.2%) had an occult source of ACTH. The median follow-up period of patients was 27 months [9.75; 61.0] with a maximum follow-up of 372 months. Currently, primary tumor was removed in 82 (63.1%) patients, bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in 23 (18%) patients, in 16 of them there was an occult source of ACTH-producing NET and in 7 patients in order to control hypercortisolism after non-successful surgical treatment. Regional and distant metastases were revealed in 25 (19.2%) patients. At the time of the last observation 59 (72%) patients were exhibited a full recovery, 12 (14.6%) had relapse of the disease and 26 (20%) died from multiple organ failure (n=18), pulmonary embolism (n=4), surgical complications (n=2), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (n=1) or COVID-19 (n=1).
Conclusion. In our cohort of patients bronchopulmonary NET are the most frequent cause of EAS (62.3%). Surgical treatment leads to remission of hypercortisolism in 72% cases; the proportion of relapse (14.6%) and fatal outcome (20%) remains frequent in EAS.
TREND ANALYSIS OF AREA, PRODUCTIVE AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAJOR CITRUS SPECIES CULTIVATED IN KASKI DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Aryal Anish , Thapa Rabin , Yadav Ritesh Kumar
Published: November 2021

Kaski is one of the potential districts for citrus production in Nepal. A study was carried out with the objective to assess and analyze the status and trend of area, productive area, production and productivity of citrus in Kaski district, Nepal. For the study, secondary data were collected from “Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture” published yearly by MoALD from 1999/00 to 2017/18. Microsoft Excel and XLSTAT were used for data analysis and visualization of data. Mann-Kendall test (M-K test), Sen’s slope method and Standard Normal Homogeneity (SNH) test were used for trend analysis. The results showed that area, productive area and production of overall citrus and mandarin has significantly increasing trend whereas lime, lemon and sweet orange are undermined. The significant change points for area, productive area, production and productivity of citrus were detected from 2007/08 to 2011/12. The result from Sen’s slope showed that the production of overall citrus, and mandarin increased at the rate of 219.67 mt, 236.25 mt and 1.329 mt per year whereas the production of lime and sweet orange decreased at the rate of 3.53 mt and 3.55 mt per year during the study period. The average annual productivity was 10.35 mt/ha for overall citrus, 10.55 mt/ha for mandarin orange, 8.20 mt/ha for sweet orange, 6.58 mt/ha for lime, and 5.70 mt/ha for lemon during the study period from 1999/00 to 2017/18. The findings of this study will aid effective policy formulation for strengthening land use, citrus rejuvenation, marketing activities and program implementation in Kaski.
SYSTEM DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK: INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION
Authors: Mardhiana Hawwin , Suryani Erma , Asfari Ully , Nasrullah Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Sugarcane as a raw material for producing sugar is a strategic agricultural commudity in economy and sugar industry. With the increase of population, the consumption and demand for sugar will also increase and this causes domestic sugar production to be unfulfilled. Some problem that arise in this commodity include sugarcane productivity and yields are not optimal, how to increase farmer’s income from the residue of the sugarcane harvesting. To achieve the basic need of domestic sugar, it is necessary to increase land productivity and sugarcane production in order to support the sustainable of sugarcane cultivation. The result of study show simulation scenario of intensification of the use of quality seeds, the productivity of sugarcane increased by 1.03% per year and increased sugarcane production in smallholder farmers’ gardens. PBN production increased by an average of 0.96% per year and PBS increased by an average of 1.52 per year. In addition, there is a scenario of utilizing residual crops in the form of silsage and biobriquette in year 2030. This study took a case study at PT. PTPN X Surabaya City which represents the East Java area. The harvested areas used in this study are People’s Plantation (PR), National Large Plantation (PBN) and Private Large Plantation (PBS). This study uses a key focus area of sugarcane cultivation to increase sugarcane productivity and production efficiency and support sustainable cultivation.
EVALUATION OF MANUAL FRUIT HARVESTERS AND STORABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF HARVESTED SWEET ORANGE UNDER ORDINARY ROOM STORAGE CONDITION
Authors: Khatri Shailendra , Shrestha Shreemat , Pokharel Keshab Prasad
Published: November 2021

Harvesting is considered as one of the crucial and critical activities in fruit production, handling and storage and market cycle. Traditional harvesting and post-harvest technique are responsible for deteriorating the fruit quality and shortening the postharvest shelf-life. Hand-picking by climbing tree, tree shaking and stick biting are most common practices for majority of the fruit orchards in Nepal that is risky, labour and time-intensive practices as well as affects market quality and nutritive value of the fruits. Therefore, there is a need for simple manual fruit harvesting tools suitable for smallholder farmers to replace the manual picking of citrus. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different available models of manual fruit harvester along with the evaluation of post-harvest quality (physiological loss of weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, acidity and rot incidence) and shelf-life assessment of those harvested fruits during storage under ordinary room condition for 26 days. Nine harvesting treatments were investigated as follows: a) Farmer practice-hand-picking (FPground), b) Farmer practice tree climbing (FPclimb), c) Hand-shaking of the tree branch (TS), d) Secateurs (SEground), e) Secateur + tree climb (SEClimb), f) Pole mounted cut and hold type picking shears (CH), g) Telescopic Long reach fruit picker (LRF), h) Fruit picker harvester with basket and cushion (PHB), i) Metal fruit picker with cotton bag (PC). The harvesting capacity of FPground, FPclimb, SEground, SEClimb, LRF, CH, PHB, PC and TS methods were 98.4±5.84, 57.52±12.43, 94.7±38.14, 49.05±5.73, 79.14±6.15, 75.08±12.44, 49.88±17.48, 52.27±11.47 and 63.12±22.27 kg/hr, respectively.. The harvesting output of CH and LRF type harvester was 29.03 (591 nos/hr) and 15.93% (531 nos/hr) higher than FPclimb practice (458 nos/hr) and that of PHB and PC method was 20.96 (362 nos/hr) and 6.11% (430 nos/hr) lower than FPclimb. Regarding storability characteristics, shelf-life was found better in SEground, SEClimb, CH, LRF than TS and FP practices.SE and CH method found effective in prolonging the average shelf-life and maintaining the quality of sweet orange compared to TS and FP. The button or calyx on the harvested fruit in SE, CH and LRF method help to control and delay the sap oozing, physiological loss of weight and lateral infection that maintain fruit firmness, prolong the shelf-life and minimize the fruit damage and rot incidence during ordinary storage. Based on our findings, hand-held secateur, cut and hold type harvester and long reach fruit picker (twist and turn) are recommended as appropriate harvesting tools for sweet orange fruit picking.
EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN CONTROLLING LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO
Authors: Khatun Husniara , Joya Nusrat Sabiha , Hoque AKM Amdadul , Monjil Mohammad Shahjahan
Published: November 2021

Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum in reducing mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans as well as in controlling late blight of potato was done in Microbiology and Biocontrol laboratory and Net-house, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2019-2020, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted using popular potato variety Diamant and native variety Challisha. T. harzianum was evaluated in net-house and in-vitro condition. Fungicide Indofil M-45 (Mancozeb) was used as positive check for comparison. In Net-house experiment, T. harzianum increased plant height, number of tubers and fresh weight of tubers over control treatment for the both of the varieties of potato. T. harzianum on late blight of potato (var. Diamant) showed a significantly better management over control treatment. In comparison to non-treated control treatment, reduced infection of late blight was found in the T.harzianum treated plants, whereas increase disease severity was calculated in control treatment. After harvesting, tuber infection in T. harzianum treated plants was not observed. Percent inhibition of tuber infection over control was 100%. Indofil M-45 suppressed Disease severity but comparatively less effective than T. harzianum in the long run. In case of variety Challisha similar trend of results were observed. In dual culture assay, T. harzianum showed highest inhibitory effect in suppressing mycelial growth of P. infestans. T. harzianum showed 86.67% inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans over control. Thus, it can be concluded that T. harzianum is effective to control late blight of potato and sometimes comparable to chemical fungicide in net-house condition.
HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS E FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: ANÁLISE E PROPOSTA DE USO NO ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Galieta Tatiana , Sousa Junior Luciano Calixto de
Published: November 2021

As histórias em quadrinhos (HQs) são um recurso eficiente como incentivo à leitura, além de um importante auxiliar no ensino de Ciências, mostrando-se capazes de promover a interdisciplinaridade entre os conteúdos curriculares e a extrapolação imaginária pelos alunos. Partindo desse pressuposto, este artigo relata uma pesquisa em que foi feita uma análise documental das minisséries “Dinastia X” e “Potências de X”, dos X-Men, por meio da identificação dos elementos contrafactuais e dos polos temáticos de Ficção Científica, conforme caracterizados por Piassi (2007). Com isso, foram explorados os potenciais didáticos presentes nas HQs, bem como proposta uma Sequência Didática que tem como tema “Ecossistemas e Relações ecológicas” e foi organizada nos Três Momentos Pedagógicos, sendo voltada para o Ensino Fundamental. Conteúdos específicos (como relações intra e interespecíficas), além de tecnologias e temas sociais relacionados à biodiversidade e degradação ambiental foram abordados.
Ring Expansions of Cyclopropanated Carbohydrates
Authors:   , Batchelor Rhys Antony
Published: November 2021

The combination of cyclopropanes and carbohydrates functionality within a single molecule gives the synthetic chemist an interesting combination of reactivity and chirality to expand further upon. However, until recently relatively little work has been done in this field. Following the report of methodology to convert cyclopropanated carbohydrates into oxepines in high yields, this investigation set out to improve the selectivity of the rearrangement and also investigate the further utility of the subsequent products. Focused investigation of the starting substrates and reaction conditions led to a minor adaptation of the previously successful methodology for the ring expansion of cyclopropanated glycals. This resulted in a substantial increase in the selectivity of the reaction to generate oxepine rings in good to excellent yields with a range of nucleophiles. One of the oxepines was subsequently chosen for elaboration into a range of synthons for further investigations. These yielded a variety of oxepanes in good yields with well defined stereo- and regioselective outcomes. In the course of these reactions several unexpected products were isolated. These were further investigated with labelling experiments and a mechanism for their formation was proposed. Finally the methodology was applied to the total synthesis of a naturally occurring oxepine containing compound. Despite the apparent simplicity of the target, the effort was ultimately unsuccessful.
The Rule of Law in the Athenian Demokratia: Origins, History, and Oratory
Authors:   , Laracy Bede
Published: November 2021

According to Aristotle, demokratia is an invalid form of constitution unless it operates in conjunction with the rule of law. Historically, the idea of the rule of law was connected with wealthy elites in Athens. However, after a series of upheavals between the Athenian mass and elites, the demos accepted the rule of law as a valid check on demotic power. Rule of law required legal codification, which outlined a framework within which democratic law functioned. The Athenian law court became the arena for enforcing the law, thereby ridding the city of negative socio/political influences. Hybris, political corruption, and general questions of legality all came under the power of the democratic courts of law, which exerted the legitimate power of the combined community. Nevertheless, tradition maintained a strong influence on law, especially in the law courts. Bound up in legal arguments were ideas of Athenian identity and it became accepted that the juries would assess the character of the accused against the character of the Athenian demos in the course of making its decision. Athenian elites who previously continued feuds extra-legally submitted to the law courts, which offered an arena for dispute resolution. Ultimately, the rule of law in the Athenian demokratia upheld Athenian law, created a legal framework, and allowed personal and political disputes to be settled before they dissolved into stasis, offering the Athenian demokratia its most successful mechanism for creating social, political, and legal, stability.
Postwar Women 1945-1960 and Their Daughters 1970-1985: an Analysis of Continuity, Contradiction, and Change in Two Generations of Pakeha Women as Mothers, Wives, and Workers
Authors:   , May Helen
Published: November 2021

The period of this study covers two generations of New Zealand social history and traces the context of life for two groups of Pakeha women during their childrearing years. It is not a compare and contrast exercise as the changes between generations are cumulative, as well as being variable amongst different groups of women. The women in this study from both generational groups, had much in common, in that they all had the primary responsibility for childrearing and were all economically dependent on their men for periods of time. However, alongside the commonality of experiences between the two groups of women there were differences. Not only were their experiences affected by different economic and political events, but there were identifiable shifts in the ideological frameworks through which the women ascribed meaning to their experiences. It was evident that the frameworks which were so pervasive in defining femininity in the early postwar years were seen as the norm by both groups of women, and the changing perspective of the younger women as a departure from the norm. This retrospective aura of normality surrounding in particular, the decade of the 1950's, is understandable when viewed in is historical context, but it is also misleading. Set between a decade of war and reconstruction and a decade of the 1960's when many values were challenged, it has been tempting for later generations to see the apparent order and consensus of the 1950's as a measure of normality. The years before and after the 1950's have appeared by comparison as more confusing. The argument of this study is that the apparent diversification in lifestyles was not just a post 1960's phenomena but had in fact taken root much earlier and that New Zealand society in the early postwar years operated in such a way to cover up the diversity and the changing social patterns that were already present. In particular this study seeks to show how women have attempted to redefine the boundaries of their responsibilities and spheres of interest during this period: a process which revealed more explicitly the conflict of interest for women between self - in terms of seeking autonomy, and others - in terms of dependence upon their men and their responsibility for children. The context of this redefinition is explored within three interconnected "sites" of the family - motherhood, marriage and work, and over the forty year period of this study it is possible to identify shifts in the construction of what is acceptable and possible, as women individually in the home and collectively outside of it, renegotiated and broadened the boundaries that defined their femininity.
Identification, Evaluation, and Classification of Building Failures
Authors:   , Porteous William Alexander
Published: November 2021

The origin of this thesis was a long-standing interest in the performance of buildings in the years after completion, when the designers and builders have all moved onto the next new work. That interest grew as a result of conducting building surveys in the course of professional practice. The surveys often revealed incipient or actual building failures which required careful diagnosis to discover the cause, so that the failure could be prevented in future. For the knowledge gained from investigation and diagnosis to benefit the wider community, rather than merely the individuals concerned with one building, it became obvious that some system of objective and anonymous recording of the circumstances of each building failure was necessary. This thesis proposes a basis for identifying and evaluating building failures. Building failure is defined from the viewpoint of both the producer of the building and the user to ensure that it is the expectations of both that are considered when a building failure is being identified and evaluated. Identifying and evaluating building failures is a precursor to diagnosing the cause or causes of that failure. it is argued here that any evaluation of the causes of building failures must acknowledge the part played by natural causes as well as the part sometimes played by human error. It is also argued that placing emphasis on blame, and hence on legal liability, encourages universal denial of fault and works against the search for the truth. A system for classification of building failures by their causes is proposed as a means by which the knowledge gained from diagnosis of individual building failure events can be aggregated to reveal the pattern of failures in a sample of buildings. The results from applying the system of identifying, evaluating, and classifying building failures in a sample of New Zealand dwellings are presented. The main conclusion drawn from the work is that because natural causes are so difficult an influence to regulate, the best prospect for reducing the incidence of building failures is the avoidance of human error. Because human error can never be entirely discounted insurance against the risk of error is only wise. A second conclusion reached is that the proposed system of identifying, evaluating, and classifying building failures has been shown to produce useful results, even when the system has had only a written record from which to work.
The Digital Design Coach Enhancing Design Conversations in Architectural Education
Authors:   , Bailey Rohan O'Neil
Published: November 2021

Changes in society, technology, and practice have created a significant demand for architectural graduates who can balance practical concerns with critical and abstract thinking. The current model of architectural education as it exists in academia, is hard pressed to supply this demand. This thesis seeks to redress this situation by connecting three maxims: 1) Strengthening the master-student dialogue is key to adequately exposing student designers to the issues involved in designing buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. 2) Sketching, a "designerly" way of thinking, is an integral part of this dialogue. 3) The computer in design education should directly contribute to helping students design buildings that are fit for purpose, cost effective, sustainable and a delight to clients and users. The thesis argues that due to the myriad of issues connected with architecture in today's society, the effectiveness of the student/master dialogue in architectural education has been weakened somewhat. At the centre of this dialogue is the sketch - a conversation between head and hand. The thesis will argue that by furnishing students with an "expert hand", the sketch becomes so empowered as to enrich the dialogue, raising the level of students' exposure to architectural issues. The suggested medium for this empowerment is the computer. Moving sketching into the digital realm as a direct means of thinking and learning is an innovative way of providing students with an "expert" digital hand. The sketch, for the student, becomes an intelligent conscious tool that supports and informs exploration. In turn, the empowered sketch presents the student with the many issues that comprise contemporary design problems. The result of this upliftment is a richer dialogue between student and teacher about architecture that is fit for purpose, economical and environmentally aware.
Cultural Representation of New Zealand's Landscapes in the Films of The Lord of the Rings and its Implications for Tourism
Authors:   , Carl Daniela
Published: November 2021

Filmic images influence how we see the world and filmic tourists visit places to experience the image they have seen on the screen. New Zealand is an example of a destination that has embraced the relationship between film and tourism. Through its box-office success and the associated tourist promotions, The Lord of the Rings (TLotR) film trilogy has exposed New Zealand's landscapes to a global audience of potential travellers. This study analyses the landscape portrayal in the first and second film of TLotR and filmic tourists' experiences of these landscapes. As with many other film tourism destinations, the screen locations are a mix of real landscapes, film sets, and digital enhancements. Thus, the tourist will not necessarily be able to experience the landscapes of the films. This results in implications regarding the sustainability of film tourism and tourism management. The study employed an overall interpretive approach to analyse the landscape portrayal in the films and filmic tourists' experiences. Triangulation was used to reveal iconic landscapes of the films. Empirical research was undertaken with three tourism operators offering TLotR themed products: a half-day tour of the Hobbiton location in Matamata, a half-day jeep safari tour around Queenstown, and a multi-day tour of 'New Zealand as Middle-earth' for TLotR enthusiasts. Filmic tourists' experiences of former TLotR film sites are explored in these case studies. The cultural landscapes portrayed in the films are a combination of actors' performances, narratives in the plot, film sets and digitally generated images. New Zealand's landscapes were used as geography, metaphor and spectacle as part of the narrative. This study determined that Hobbiton, Rivendell and Edoras were the three main iconic landscapes of the films. The findings show that the more perfect the representation of hyper-reality in the tours, the higher the satisfaction and the more enhanced the tourist experience. Filmic tourists desire to step into the film set and to be part of the film when re-enacting film scenes. In addition, guides integrate stories about the challenge of filmmaking or behind-the-scenes' anecdotes, which served to enhance the fascination and 'authenticity' of the experience. There is still a need for more information and support to ensure high quality interpretation and guiding given the importance of these aspects in mediating tourist experience and informing resultant levels of satisfaction. By better understanding how filmic tourists experience these cultural landscapes, tourism operators and destination marketers can better meet expectations, thereby expanding the beneficial effects of film tourism on destinations.
The Use of Chiro-Inositols in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors:   , Cousins Ghislaine Sarah
Published: November 2021

D- and L- chiro-inositols are readily and inexpensively available as their O-methyl ethers pinitol and quebrachitol. To date the use of the choro-inositols in synthesis has not been exploited as fully as that of the more common isomer myo-inositol. The chiro-inositols were protected as either the di-isopropylidene or the di-cyclohexylidene systems to give them more steric bulk and were subsequently evaluated in the three areas of asymmetric synthesis: as chiral reagents, as chiral auxiliaries, as chiral ligands. Outside of these areas was the successful application of methodology for the mono esterification of C-2 symmetric diols to these inositol systems. This allowed a series of molecules to be generated that proved useful in the areas outlined above. For the use of chiro-inositols as chiral reagents, two reagents were investigated. The first was a hydroboration reagent similar to pinenyl borane. The second was the generation of a strained silacycle for use as a reagent in the enantioselective allylation of aldehydes. In the area of chiral auxiliaries, these inositols were successfully used to give selectivity in the Michael reaction. Unfortunately this success was not repeatable in the aldol reaction. Investigations into the development of chiral ligands were unsuccessful in that we were unable to synthesize either a diamine or an amino alcohol from this system. A diol and an amino ether were trialed in asymmetric reactions but failed to provide any catalytic effect. This section of the project did lead to some interesting chemistry and a better understanding of this system that can be applied to future work.
Studies Towards the Synthesis of Peloruside A
Authors:   , Stocker Bridget Louise
Published: November 2021

In the search for new treatments for cancer, advances in biology have provided targets for the destruction of cancer cells. One such structure the microtubule, a protein required for cell division, has been the target of many successful anticancer agents including the multi-million dollar earning Taxol [trademark] (paclitaxel) and the epothilones, currently in late-stage clinical trials. More recently it has been shown that peloruside A 1, a secondary metabolite isolated from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli, prevents cell division by stabilising microtubules, and thus offers promise as a novel anticancer agent. However, due to its limited natural abundance, significant quantities of peloruside A can only be obtained through chemical synthesis. A retrosynthetic analysis of peloruside A divided the molecule into four key fragments: a) the commercially available C-l to C-2 benzyloxy acetic acid fragment; b) the C-3 to C-7 fragment; c) the C-8 to C-11 fragment and d) the remaining C-12 to C-24 portion of the macrocycle and side chain. The C-3 to C-7 and C-8 to C-11 fragments combine to form a key intermediate pyranose ring. This thesis however, addresses the synthesis of two of these key fragments, namely the C-8 to C-11 and C-12 to C-24 fragments. An efficient synthesis of the C-8 to C-11 fragment of peloruside A, starting from commercially available pantolactone, has been developed. This synthesis proceeds in good overall yield, and has been successfully reproduced on the multigram scale. The significant portion of this thesis, however, is dedicated to the synthesis of the C-12 to C-24 fragment. After our initial strategy proved unviable, a short, facile method for the synthesis of the C-12 to C-24 fragment, involving the formation of a bis-silyl ether, was developed. The protocol for its desired coupling, via a boron_mediated, remote 1,5-anti-induction aldol reaction has also been established. These and subsequent studies provided valuable insight into the origin of 1,5-anti induction in boron-mediated aldol reactions.
STUDENT WORKSHEET ORIENTED ON PROJECT BASED LEARNING TO TRAIN STUDENT CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS ON ACID-BASE MATERIAL
Authors: Zahro Balqis Luthfiyyatus , Mitarlis Mitarlis
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research is to determine the feasibility of student worksheet oriented on project based learning (PjBL) to train students' creative thinking skills on acid-base material. The research method referred to the 4D development design that consisting of 4 stages including: (1) define, (2) design, (3) development, and (4) dissemination. This research was limited to development stage. The limited trial was treated to 12 students of eleventh grade of a State Senior High School. Feasibility of worksheet was reviewed from the content validity and the construct validity (aspect of language, presentation, and graph) through validation results of experts, practicality through student activity observation and student response, and effectiveness through creative thinking skills test. Creative thinking skills included four aspects: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and originality. The data analysis used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The results showed that the developed worksheet was valid in terms of content validity (84.44%) and construct validity (83.63%). Practicality in terms of relevant student activities observation and student responses got percentage of 92.74% and 93.66% in very practical category. The effectiveness of creative thinking skills training in terms of the N-gain score had a percentage of 0.60 in enough category.

Key words: worksheet, project based learning, creative thinking skills
Pappasang To Riolo: Belajar Dari Petuah Leluhur Dalam Membentuk Siswa Berkarakter
Authors: Subair Ahmad
Published: November 2021

This paper tries to look at the irreverent phenomena that occur in students today, and to find a way out through a series of events in the past with the value of local wisdom in the past. There are two things (more precisely an offer) to be conveyed in this paper in solving this problem. First, an explanation of the value of local wisdom contained in pappasang to riolo, the second tells about the exemplary suri to-riolo (ancestors). These two things are integrated into the historical material and conveyed to students so that students with character can be created. This paper uses a qualitative research method with an anthropological-historical approach in seeing the character (value) of students who experience moral degradation. The results of this study are a new model of character education approach using culture as a role model.
Stigma Masyarakat Terhadap Mantan Narapidana (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Ganra Kabupaten Soppeng)
Authors: Rahmi Muthiah , Tahir Heri , Sakka Abdul Rahman A.
Published: November 2021

The study aims to discover: (i) the causes of community stigma on former convicts in Ganra subdistrict in Soppeng district, (ii) the social interaction of the community with former convicts in Ganra subdistrict in Soppeng district, and (ii) public acceptance of former convicts in Ganra subdistrict in Soppeng district. This research is a type of qualitative research by using purposive sampling technique as to obtain the informants. Ten informants were used in this study according to the needs of the researcher by determining the criteria of the informants. Data collection techniques employed observation, interview, and documentation to obtain concrete data relating to the problems of the research. The data validity technique in this study employed source triangulation technique. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there are three findings: (i) the occurrence of stigma by the community on former convicts there are two, namely the attitude of former convicts who tend to be closed and the existence of social stigma in society "that a person has committed a crime once, he will do it again”, (ii) the social interactions built between the community and former convicts are still well established, but a sense of vigilance remains because they have committed criminal acts, and (iii) the former convicts who leave the detention are not easy to return to and mingle in the community even though they are free. They are still considered as socially disabled persons. However, with the acceptance from the family and society, the former convicts can be embraced to become better persons.
Molinos hidráulicos harineros en Coquimbo (Chile, 1544-1750)
Authors: Lacoste Pablo , Salas Alejandro
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the process by which the Corregimiento de Coquimbo become the main mill pole of Chile, when this kingdom was the largest wheat producer in South America. The evolution of hydraulic mills in this township from the foundation of La Serena (1544) to the middle of the 18th century is studied from original documents of the National Archive, especially Royal Audience and Notaries of La Serena. The importance of the legacy of indigenous peoples in the construction of irrigation canal networks for agriculture is detected. On this basis, the Spanish colonizers had advantages to install the European hydraulic mill culture. The role of specialized artisans, both indigenous and Afro-descendant and Spanish-Creole, is identified. It is detected that the mills operated as poles of consolidation of markets and benchmarks for the configuration of regional trade routes.
Generalized Close-to-Convexity Related with Bounded Boundary Rotation
Authors: Noor Khalida Inayat , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Awan Muhammad Uzair
Published: November 2021

The class Pα,m[A, B] consists of functions p, analytic in the open unit disc E with p(0) = 1 and satisfy
p(z) = (m/4 + ½) p1(z) – (m/4 – 1/2) p2(z), m ≥ 2,
and p1, p2 are subordinate to strongly Janowski function (1+Az/1+Bz)α, α ∈ (0, 1] and −1 ≤ B < A ≤ 1. The class Pα,m[A, B] is used to define Vα,m[A, B] and Tα,m[A, B; 0; B1], B1 ∈ [−1, 0). These classes generalize the concept of bounded boundary rotation and strongly close-to-convexity, respectively. In this paper, we study coefficient bounds, radius problem and several other interesting properties of these functions. Special cases and consequences of main results are also deduced.
ASSESSMENT MODEL OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE: EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Bilyakovska Olga , Mospan Natalia , Binytska Kateryna
Published: November 2021

The article considers modern approaches to assessment at schools based on the analysis of various assessment scales (range from three to one hundred points).

The pedagogical regularities influencing the choice of assessment scales are determined, in particular: 1) increase of quantitative parameters of the assessment scale; 2) the use of a tribal rating scale for one-element answers; 3) the use of indirect evaluation with a significant amount of evaluation scale; 4) application of mathematical methods of transition from qualitative parameters to quantitative indicators of estimation; 5) taking into account the level of structure of the subject and the relationship between learning and development of subjects of study. Finally, we propose three secondary school testing and evaluation systems models that provide mathematical, humanities and general education.

To identify the causal effects from different assessment scales, we conduct an educational experiment and a large-scale online survey in Ukrainian schools from 2019-2021. As a result of experimental research, we allocate the essential elements of testing and estimation activity: educational parameters, the structure of components of knowledge of a subject, criteria, a scale of estimations, an interval scale of transition to assessments, forms of final and local testing. The findings suggest that the developed approaches to assessing high school students’ educational achievements are more effective than traditional ones. They encourage schoolchildren motivation to learn, in particular, in performing independent (especially homework) tasks. The obtained data confirm the need to use new approaches to assessing student achievement.
THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALIZATION AND PERSONIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Martynenko Svitlana
Published: November 2021

Professional training in the context of reforming the education sector acquires new aspects and forms of implementation of educational programs, taking into account the personality-oriented trajectory of individual professional growth of each subject of the educational process. The solution of the problem is relevant nowadays: what is important in the process of personal and professional development – personalization or personification of the educational process? The article highlights the features of personalization and personification of professional training, reveals and clarifies their essence, provides an analysis of scientific publications on this issue; the need to introduce a personalized approach, which is an important means of achieving this goal. Theoretical bases of personalization and personification of professional training, features of the organization of educational activity covering cognitive, informational, scientific-innovative, social, administrative spheres are characterized. It is proved that important conditions for personalization of the educational process in higher education institutions are the cultural impulse in the idea of democratization and construction of society and man, the tradition of socio-humanitarian thought, individualization of education and so on.