bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA‐ICP‐MS and SEM‐EDX analyses for spatially resolved element detection in cement clinker phases
Authors: Kleiner Florian , Decker Marco , Rößler Christiane , Hilbig Harald , Ludwig Horst‐Michael
Published: December 2023

This study combines 2D element mappings which allows a more detailed analysis of clinker phase composition by using the advantages of both methods. One mapping is obtained by laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS), providing very good results for minor and trace element concentrations with a low spatial resolution. The other dataset is generated using energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) which provides high‐resolution element mappings of cement clinker phases, with a low accuracy in chemical composition.

It is revealed that this approach enables to determine the major and trace element concentrations in phases like alite, belite and the interstitial phase (C3A, C4AF) of real Portland cement clinker. A protocol is shown how to record and subsequently register both datasets as such, that the combined analysis significantly broadens the output of the individual measurements. The low detection limits of LA‐ICP‐MS delivers trace element concentrations and the high spatial resolution and analytical accuracy of SEM‐EDX identifies the clinker phases. Results show that Ba, K, V, and Rb are preferentially incorporated into belite, while Na, Ti, and Mn is enriched in the interstitial phase. This allows to study the influence of minor and trace elements on the stabilization and reactivity of clinker phases.
Untersuchungen von Polymerschutzbeschichtungen für Betonkonstruktionen
Authors: Trykoz Liudmyla , Rachkovskyi Alexander , Zinchenko Oleksii
Published: December 2023

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Veränderung des Diffusionskoeffizienten und der Durchlassfähigkeit einer Acrylzusammensetzung mit verschiedenen Arten von Füllstoffen (Zement, Sand, Glimmer, Talk) in verschiedenen aggressiven Umgebungen. Für die Bewertung der Stabilität von Zusammensetzungen in aggressiven Umgebungen wurden die Proben von Acrylzusammensetzungen im Laufe einer bestimmten Zeit mit Lösungen von Säuren und Laugen gesättigt. Nach der Massenänderung wurden Diffusions‐ und Permeabilitätskoeffizienten berechnet. Außerdem wurde die Haftfestigkeit als maximale Spannung bestimmt, die bei dem Abreißen einer Metallplatte von der Betonoberfläche auftritt. Die mit Glimmer oder Talkum gefüllten Acrylzusammensetzungen zeigten die niedrigste Sorptionskapazität und Wasserdurchlässigkeit. Die mit Glimmer gefüllten Beschichtungen hatten die höchste Haftfestigkeit. Alle untersuchten Zusammensetzungen erfüllen jedoch die Anforderungen von geltenden Normen für die Wasserdurchlässigkeit und können zum Schutz von Bauwerken vor aggressiven Auswirkungen verwendet werden. Dies ist wichtig für die Dauerhaftigkeit von Bauwerken und senkt die Betriebs‐ und Reparaturkosten.
Modelling the effect of mortar constituents on rheological properties
Authors: Pirharati Mahmoud Eslami , Lowke Dirk , Mai Inka
Published: December 2023

Concrete is a widely used construction material whose potential has not yet been fully exploited due to the lack of knowledge about its rheological behaviour. The mix composition is assumed to play a key role in controlling the rheological properties of concrete. Due to the extremely high proportion of finer particles in concrete, the investigation of the rheological properties of the mortar and paste phases is of major importance in understanding the rheological behaviour of concrete. Therefore, this paper systematically investigates the impact of water‐to‐cement ratio, sand content, and maximum sand size on the rheology of flowable mortars. It also explores the applicability of existing models for modeling these mortars.

The results, presented as a rheograph, reveal that a reduction of the w/c ratio and an increase in the sand solid content in the mortar leads to an increase in the rheological properties plastic viscosity and yield stress. Also, the addition of coarser sand in mortar compositions induces an increase in the maximum solid content and consequently a decrease in plastic viscosity. In addition, it shows that the Krieger‐Dougherty and Liu models are appropriate enough for modelling polydisperse suspensions.
Investigation of the Diffusion of Chloride Ions in Blended Cement Pastes
Authors: Zhuravel Vitalii , Rucińska Teresa , Borziak Olga
Published: December 2023

When exposed to aggressive environments containing chlorides, the chlorine ion partially binds to the usual Portland cement mortar and changes its mineralogy. Chlorine ions entering the system displace sulfate from the monosulfoaluminate. Such systems form Kusel's salt at low chloride concentrations and Friedel's salt at higher concentrations. Unbound chloride ions remain dangerous for reinforcing steel, which diffuse deep into the concrete and destroy the passivating layer on the reinforcement. To assess the protective properties of concrete in relation to metal reinforcement, it is proposed to investigate the process of displacement of the diffusion front in cement composites of various compositions. It is also important to study changes in such characteristics as porosity and filtration properties, which significantly affect the penetration depth of an aggressive medium. The study of the structure, mineral and chemical composition is carried out in layers.
Sutracrete ‐ressourcenschonender, nachverfolgbarer Beton
Authors: Tretau Anne , Linß Elske , Walz Jurij , Severins Katrin , Gula Nikita
Published: December 2023

Kurzfassung

Ziel des Projektes ist es, durch ein mikrostrukturbasiertes Design einen nachhaltigen, nachverfolgbaren Beton „Sutracrete” herzustellen. Der Sutracrete soll durch die Wiederverwertung von Mauerwerksbruch in Form von Ziegelmehl und Ziegelgesteinskörnung hergestellt werden. Die Entwicklung soll auf rezklierten Ziegelvarietäten basieren, die durch eine hyperspektrale Sortierung sehr viel effizienter und stoffspezifisch verwertet werden könnten. Durch das neuartige Sortierverfahren wird erstmalig die Trennung zwischen niedriggebrannten, reaktiven Ziegelmehl und hochgebrannter, nicht reaktiver Ziegelgesteinskörnung möglich. Durch das mikrostrukturbasierte Design werden die Eigenschaften gezielt genutzt. In der Energieforschung sind der Ressourceneinsatz des Massenbaustoffs Beton und der damit verbundene Primärenergieeinsatz untrennbar. Kritische und weltweit stark nachgefragte Rohstoffe werden durch Ziegelmaterialien substituiert. Für die Herstellung des Sutracrete ergeben sich ein geringerer Gesamtenergieverbrauch im Vergleich zu Primärbaustoffen und damit eine Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen. Der Einsatz von Markern ermöglicht erstmals die physikalische Korrelation zwischen Baumaterialien und einem in einer Datenbank hinterlegten digitalen Zwilling bzw. „Material Passport“.
Zeolite for Increasing the Compressive Strength of Adobe in the Historical Site of Belqis
Authors: Keshtan Reza Hoseini , Emami Mohammadamin
Published: December 2023

“Belqis” is a historical and archeological site located in Khourasan province in northeast of Iran close to the city of Esfarayen. This study was conducted to consider the composition of the soil used to make the adobe in these structures, which has been exposed to deterioration processes followed by accelerate erosion. In response to this problem, Zeolite was used as an additive to improve soil quality. The finegrained soil texture is full of sand and silt with small amounts of clay. Zeolites has been used in the study in the form of granules (maximum 5 mm). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) used to define chemical composition and crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for Determination surface characteristics and morphology. The presence of sand in the soil of the region and its decrease in adhesion is the reason for the decrease the compressive strength of clay. The results showed that the amount of 6% zeolite is most effective in improving the compressive strength of adobe. This amount of zeolite increases the compressive strength of clay compared to the samples without zeolite.
Dimensional changes of adhesive mortars under tile
Authors: Kupiński Marcin , Kotwica Łukasz
Published: December 2023

High shrinkage of tile adhesive is believed to be a technological flaw, leading to the risk of faulty tile fixing. As in real‐life conditions, there is a very limited possibility of mortar movement under tile, the shrinkage/expansion‐induced stress could be created, which needs to be absorbed by the mortar. The significance of the problem increases with the tile size. On contrary, the length changes of such materials are usually measured on the prisms which reflects neither the application thickness nor the real‐life curing conditions of the mortar.

In this paper, we are aiming to measure tile adhesives' length change potential in simulated real‐life conditions. The test set‐up involves a Thin‐Layer‐Shrinkage‐Measuring‐System allowing for the examination of flat rectangular samples of 350x350 mm in size and several millimeters of thickness. Dimensional changes were measured in situ by the laser sensors. Additionally, the weight changes were monitored over the whole measurement. The obtained results were juxtaposed with the shrinkage measured on the prisms.

The paper provides valuable insights into the dimensional changes of tile adhesives in real‐life applications. Obtained results challenge the conventional measurements done on prisms stored in ambient conditions.
A nuclear configuration interaction approach to study nuclear spin effects: an application to ortho‐ and para‐3He2@C60
Authors: Moncada Félix , Quintero William , Posada Edwin , Pettersson Lars G. M. , Reyes Andrés
Published: December 2023

We introduce a non‐orthogonal configuration interaction approach to investigate nuclear quantum effects on energies and densities of confined fermionic nuclei. The Hamiltonian employed draws parallels between confined systems and many‐electron atoms, where effective non‐Coulombic potentials represent the interactions of the trapped particles. One advantage of this method is its generality, as it offers the potential to study the nuclear quantum effects of various confined species affected by effective isotropic or anisotropic potentials. As a first application, we analyze the quantum states of two 3He atoms encapsulated in C60. At the Hartree–Fock level, we observe the breaking of spin and spatial symmetries. To ensure wavefunctions with the correct symmetries, we mix the broken‐symmetry Hartree–Fock states within the non‐orthogonal configuration interaction expansion. Our proposed approach predicts singly and triply degenerate ground states for the singlet (para‐3He2@C60) and triplet (ortho‐3He2@C60) nuclear spin configurations, respectively. The ortho‐3He2@C60 ground state is 5.69 cm−1 higher in energy than the para‐3He2@C60 ground state. The nuclear densities obtained for these states exhibit the icosahedral symmetry of the C60 embedding potential. Importantly, our calculated energies for the lowest 85 states are in close agreement with perturbation theory results based on a harmonic oscillator plus rigid rotor model of 3He2@C60.
Evidence‐based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder decreases suicidal ideation by reducing perceived burdensomeness among veterans in an outpatient program
Authors: Blain Rachel C. , Martin Colleen E. , Ehlinger Carolina C. , Chard Kathleen M.
Published: December 2023

Evidenced‐based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments generally reduce suicidal ideation (SI), and the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) may theoretically account for this finding. The ITS posits that SI stems from feeling like a burden (i.e., perceived burdensomeness) and a lack of belonging (i.e., thwarted belongingness). Previous research suggests that change in PTSD severity has a significant indirect effect on change in SI through changes in perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness, among patients receiving residential PTSD treatment in a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center; however, no research has investigated these associations in an outpatient VA setting with fewer confounding factors that might affect ITS constructs. Therefore, the current sample included veterans (N = 126) who completed PTSD treatment and pre‐ and posttreatment assessments in a VA outpatient clinic. Results from parallel models of multiple indirect effects suggest that change in PTSD severity was indirectly associated with change in SI through changes in perceived burdensomeness, B = 0.35, p < .001; β = .36, p < .001, SE = .10, 95% CI [.15, .54], but not thwarted belongingness, B = 0.14, p = .146; β = .14, p = .161, SE = .10, 95% CI [−.05, .33]. Additional models were examined using PTSD cluster scores for exploratory purposes. The results indicate that PTSD treatment reduces the perceived and objective burden of PTSD to decrease SI. Study findings support the importance of access to evidence‐based care to treat PTSD and alleviate burdensomeness for suicide prevention.
Curvature interference characteristic analysis of offset involute cylindrical worm drive
Authors: Yu Yaoting , Zhao Yaping , Ma Jiayue , Meng Qingxiang , Li Gongfa
Published: December 2023

The theory of calculating the curvature interference limit line of the offset involute cylindrical worm drive based on the singular point condition on the enveloping surface is established. The tooth surface equations and the meshing function of the worm drive are derived. Based on the singular point condition that the normal vector of the enveloping surface is zero, the equation of the curvature interference limit line is obtained. By employing the resultant elimination method and the geometric construction, the existence of the solutions of the curvature interference limit line is determined, and the reasonable initial values for the iteration program are afforded. The numerical outcomes show that there is one meaningful curvature interference limit line on each flank of single tooth of the worm gear, which usually does not enter the worm gear tooth surface. Both flanks of the worm gear are all settled in the side of the limit line, the curvature interference does not happen on the worm gear tooth surface. The undercutting of the cutting engagement process generally does not happen. The results also reveal that the curvature interference limit line is closer to the addendum and heel of the face worm gear on the i flank, which has the greatest potential venture inflict the undercutting.
Building and evaluating prospective scenarios for corn-based biorefineries
Authors: Matos Jullyana Souza , Justi Ana Clara Alves , Souza Roney Fraga , de Carvalho Miranda Júlio Cesar
Published: December 2023

Global warming and increasing environmental pollution have become global concerns that, coupled with the scarcity of traditional forms of energy, have motivated the implementation of more sustainable production systems, such as biorefineries. This is because biorefineries are capable of integrating technologies and processes in a single facility, generating biofuels, value-added chemicals, and energy. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the bioproducts and emergent technologies surrounding the processing of corn into bioethanol and refined oil. A bibliometric analysis he was carried out in order to construct and evaluate prospective scenarios related to corn biorefineries. An analysis of the proposed layouts highlighted flexibility in the production process, given that one raw material could be transformed into various bioproducts. Thus, the results presented provide a bibliographic foundation for future studies on integrating residues-processes-products in corn processing. The reason for this is that the technological routes presented could be considered incremental innovations to develop a biorefinery, which takes place gradually, given that highly integrated biorefineries are highly complex.
Double transplanting of rice as a contingency approach to escape climate change impacts
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Das Rupa
Published: December 2023

Rice cultivation is highly affected in many parts of the world due to climate change impacts such as unwanted heavy rains, delays in the onset of the rainy season as well as any other means. DuringBoro(November–December to May–June) season also, due to the late vacation of the main field by the winter crop, seedling transplanting is often delayed. The establishment of overaged seedlings is a great challenge faced by small and marginal rice growers in lowland areas resulting in high yield loss. To counter the challenge as well as to get yield advantage, the traditional double transplanting method is gaining popularity again as a contingency approach to mitigate climate change effects. This method allows flexibility in transplanting date as well as produces tall, robust, and healthy seedlings which get established well in the main field as compared to single transplanting of same-aged seedlings. Various research indicated the benefits of double transplanting under unsuitable situations for single transplanting. Still, there are some gaps regarding its wide-scale acceptance. High labor cost involvement, lack of land for nursery preparation, long crop growth period, etc. sometimes make this method difficult to be implemented practically. However, considering the yield advantage and economic profitability provided by this method, it can address the climate change issue and help small and marginal farmers in rice cultivation. Further research works for standardization of agro-techniques and development and section of suitable varieties specific to agro-climatic region can make this method highly sustainable.
The Tortuous Path of South Korean Economic Development
Authors: Lee Jaymin
Published: December 2023

This book explains how South Korea has uniquely transformed itself from a developing to a developed country by combining economic analysis with historical perspective, an approach badly needed but rarely taken by previous studies. The book shows that the country has done so through a tortuous process. It first explains how Korea failed earlier in history to emerge as a developing rather than a developed country after the Second World War but South Korea began to grow rapidly in the 1960s. It then explains that the country has sustained growth while undergoing recurring crises, examining three conditions for sustaining growth: macroeconomic management, structural transformation, and social conflict management. While doing so, the book interprets some important subjects differently from the previous studies; it also explains some other important subjects they have not covered sufficiently. The book finally discusses questions for the future briefly.
Not that basic: how level, design, and context matter for the redistributive outcomes of universal basic income
Authors: Aerts Elise , Marx Ive , Verbist Gerlinde
Published: December 2023

Proponents of a basic income (BI) claim that, on top of many other benefits, it could bring significant reductions in financial poverty. Using microsimulation analysis in a comparative two-country setting, we show that the potential poverty-reducing impact of BI strongly depends on exactly how and where it is implemented. Implementing a BI requires far more choices than advocates seem to realise. The level at which a BI is set matters, but its exact specification matters even more. The impact of a BI, be it a low or a high one, also strongly depends on the characteristics of the system that it is (partially) replacing or complementing, as well as the socio-economic context in which it is introduced. Some versions of BI could potentially help to reduce poverty but always at a significant cost and with substantial sections of the population incurring significant losses, which matters for political feasibility. A partial BI complementing existing provisions appears to make more potential sense than a full BI replacing them. The simplicity of BI, however, tends to be vastly overstated.
Kisspeptin stimulates sheep ovarian follicular development in vitro through homologous receptors
Authors: Divya Sri B. , Harsha Lekha S. , Reddy K. Narendra Gopal , Pathipati Deepa , Rambabu Naik B. , Jagapathy Ramayya P. , Veera Bramhaiah K. , Varaprasad Reddy L.S.S. , Siva Kumar A.V.N.
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted to elucidate (1) the influence of kisspeptin (KP) on the in vitro development of preantral follicles (PFs) and (2) evolution of KP receptor gene (KISS1R) expression during ovarian follicular development in sheep. Kisspeptin was supplemented (0–100 µg/ml) in the culture medium of PFs for 6 days. The cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) from cultured PFs were subsequently matured to metaphase II (MII) for an additional 24 h. The proportions of PFs exhibiting growth, antrum formation, average increase in diameter, and maturation of oocytes to MII stage were the indicators of follicular development in vitro. The expression of the kisspeptin receptor gene at each development stages of in vivo developed (preantral, early antral, antral, large antral and COCs from Graafian follicles) and in vitro cultured PFs supplemented with KP was assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The best development in all the parameters under study was elicited with 10 µg/ml of KP. Supplementation of KP (10 µg/ml) in a medium containing other growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-I) and hormones (growth hormone, thyroxine, follicle-stimulating hormone) resulted in better PF development. The KISS1R gene was expressed in follicular cells and oocytes at all the development stages of both in vivo developed and in vitro cultured follicles. Higher KISS1R gene expression was supported by culture medium containing KP along with other hormones and growth factors. Accordingly, it is suggested that one of the mechanisms through which KP and other growth factors and hormones influence the ovarian follicular development in mammals is through the upregulation of expression of the KP receptor gene.
A Rights Turn in Biodiversity Litigation?
Authors: Rodríguez-Garavito César , Boyd David R.
Published: December 2023

Based on an original database of 49 rights-based biodiversity (RBB) lawsuits filed around the world, this article hypothesizes that rights-based norms and institutions are becoming increasingly important in legal challenges aimed at biodiversity protection. We explain retrospectively the antecedents and characterize early RBB litigation by constructing a typology of cases and legal arguments that litigants and courts have used to establish the connection between biodiversity and rights protection. We then, prospectively, draw on our RBB case database and the trajectory of human rights and climate change (HRCC) litigation to anticipate likely trends, opportunities, and obstacles for future RBB cases. We posit that future RBB cases will build on the foundations laid by pioneering RBB cases, will apply lessons from HRCC litigation, and will systematically frame biodiversity loss as a rights issue.
Novel urine cell-free DNA methylation markers for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Selena Y. , Xia Wei , Kim Amy K. , Chen Dion , Schleyer Shelby , Choi Lin , Wang Zhili , Hamilton James P. , Luu Harry , Hann Hie-Won , Chang Ting-Tsung , Hu Chi-Tan , Woodard Abashai , Gade Terence P. , Su Ying-Hsiu
Published: December 2023

An optimized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-targeted methylation next generation sequencing assay was developed to discover HCC-associated methylation markers directly from urine for HCC screening. Urine cell-free DNA (ucfDNA) isolated from a discovery cohort of 31 non-HCC and 30 HCC was used for biomarker discovery, identifying 29 genes with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Methylation-specific qPCR (MSqPCR) assays were developed to verify the selected DMRs corresponding to 8 genes (GRASP, CCND2, HOXA9, BMP4, VIM, EMX1, SFRP1, and ECE). Using archived ucfDNA, methylation of GRASP, HOXA9, BMP4, and ECE1, were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) between HCC and non-HCC patients. The four markers together with previously reported GSTP1 and RASSF1A markers were assessed as a 6-marker panel in an independent training cohort of 87 non-HCC and 78 HCC using logistic regression modeling. AUROC of 0.908 (95% CI, 0.8656–0.9252) was identified for the 6-marker panel with AFP, which was significantly higher than AFP-alone (AUROC 0.841 (95% CI, 0.778–0.904), p = 0.0026). Applying backward selection method, a 4-marker panel was found to exhibit similar performance to the 6-marker panel with AFP having 80% sensitivity compared to 29.5% by AFP-alone at a specificity of 85%. This study supports the potential use of methylated transrenal ucfDNA for HCC screening.
Change of dominant material properties in laser perforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120 kilowatt
Authors: Reich Stefan , Goesmann Marcel , Heunoske Dominic , Schäffer Sebastian , Lueck Martin , Wickert Matthias , Osterholz Jens
Published: December 2023

In laser materials processing, energy losses due to reflection, heat conduction and thermal radiation play an important role. In this publication, we show that with increasing laser intensity, the energy lost within the sample becomes less important for metal perforation processes. We compare the laser-matter interaction of aluminum and steel plates. Material parameters such as density, melting point and especially thermal conductivity differ strongly, leading to much longer perforation times for aluminum in comparison to steel at laser powers of 20 kW. However, this behavior changes at laser powers of more than 80 kW where the perforation times of aluminum become shorter than the corresponding times for steel. By comparing experimental data and simulations, we conclude that thermal conduction is the dominant factor of energy loss at low powers, but is reduced at high laser powers.
RefCap: image captioning with referent objects attributes
Authors: Park Seokmok , Paik Joonki
Published: December 2023

In recent years, significant progress has been made in visual-linguistic multi-modality research, leading to advancements in visual comprehension and its applications in computer vision tasks. One fundamental task in visual-linguistic understanding is image captioning, which involves generating human-understandable textual descriptions given an input image. This paper introduces a referring expression image captioning model that incorporates the supervision of interesting objects. Our model utilizes user-specified object keywords as a prefix to generate specific captions that are relevant to the target object. The model consists of three modules including: (i) visual grounding, (ii) referring object selection, and (iii) image captioning modules. To evaluate its performance, we conducted experiments on the RefCOCO and COCO captioning datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method effectively generates meaningful captions aligned with users’ specific interests.
Primäre und sekundäre Lebertumore
Authors: Mansour Nabeel , Seidensticker Max , Heimer Maurice M.
Published: December 2023

Die Leber kann von verschiedenen Malignomen betroffen sein. Bei gewissen Risikofaktoren steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entwicklung von lebereigenen Tumoren (primären Lebertumoren) an. Die häufigsten Tumormanifestationen sind allerdings sekundär durch Metastasen bedingt. Zwischen den verschiedenen zur Verfügung stehenden radiologischen Modalitäten bestehen in der Detektion und Charakterisierung von Leberläsionen relevante Unterschiede. Dabei werden konventioneller und kontrastmittelverstärkter Ultraschall (CEUS), Computertomografie (CT) und die Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) routinehaft eingesetzt. Diese Diagnostikmethoden weisen dabei im gegenseitigen Vergleich Vor- und Nachteile auf. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die Rolle der einzelnen Modalitäten, häufige Bildmerkmale und die Rolle der unterschiedlichen Kontrastmittel in der Diagnostik von primären und sekundären Lebertumoren zusammenzufassen.
„Das drückt jetzt nur mal kurz!“
Authors: Gampp Madeleine
Published: December 2023

Knochenmarkspunktionen, wie sie zur Diagnose von Leukämie durchgeführt werden, sind für alle Patienten schmerzhaft und werden oft als kaum auszuhalten beschrieben. Bei Kindern liegt daher ein besonderes Augenmerk auf dem Schmerzmanagement, um langfristige negative Auswirkungen des Eingriffs auf Physis und Psyche zu vermeiden. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die internationale Studienlage zum Thema.
Kronen-Wurzelfrakturen lateraler Inzisivi – Erhaltung von
vitalen und avitalen permanenten Zähnen durch kombinierte
kieferorthopädisch-endodontische Therapie
Authors: Krohn Sebastian , Widbiller Matthias , Klinke Rebecca , Paddenberg Eva
Published: December 2023

In der Therapie dentaler Traumata ist die definitive Behandlungsmethode unter
Berücksichtigung restaurativer, endodontischer und parodontaler Aspekte
zu wählen. Kronen-Wurzelfrakturen sind zwar vergleichsweise selten,
stellen dabei aufgrund des charakteristischen Frakturverlaufs jedoch eine
besondere Herausforderung dar. In der Trauma-Versorgung sollte der Zahnerhalt
einen hohen Stellenwert einnehmen, da häufig bleibende
Frontzähne junger Patientinnen und Patienten vor Abschluss des
knöchernen Wachstums betroffen sind. Im Rahmen der
Primärversorgung sollten Maßnahmen eingeleitet werden, um die
definitive Therapie unter entzündungsfreien
Parodontal-Verhältnissen durchführen zu können. In den
vorliegenden Falldarstellungen wird die Zahnerhaltung durch
kieferorthopädische Extrusion mit geringen orthodontischen
Kräften bei vitalen und avitalen permanenten lateralen Inzisivi
diskutiert.
Diabetes, Sport und Bewegung
Authors: Esefeld Katrin , Kress Stephan , Behrens Meinolf , Zimmer Peter , Stumvoll Michael , Thurm Ulrike , Gehr Bernhard , Halle Martin , Brinkmann Christian
Published: December 2023

Bewegung ist für alle Formen des Diabetes mellitus eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen, die Gesundheit zu erhalten. Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität, möglichst uniform und täglich, kann vergleichbare Stoffwechseleffekte induzieren und somit die Glukoseregulation langfristig optimieren. Dabei ist die konkrete Blutzuckerantwort jedes Einzelnen abhängig von vielen Faktoren und muss bei Neubeginn von sportlicher Aktivität durch regelmäßige Blutzuckermessungen sowohl während als auch bis zu 12 h nach der Aktivität erfasst werden. Um bei älteren Menschen Erfolg zu haben, müssen Bewegungsprogramme deren körperliche Fähigkeiten, altersbedingten Leistungsabbau und krankheitsbedingte Beeinträchtigungen berücksichtigen. Die Nutzung von Geräten zur kontinuierlichen Glukosemessung (CGM) mit und ohne Insulinpumpentherapie hat viele Patienten in die Lage versetzt, die metabolische Kontrolle bei Bewegung und Sport besser zu überwachen, zu kontrollieren und zu optimieren. Die individuelle Blutzuckerreaktion auf verschiedene körperliche Belastungen ist mittels CGM leichter erlernbar, und Hypoglykämien sind früher vorhersag- und behandelbar. Ausdauerorientierte Bewegungsprogramme sollen primär die aerobe Kapazität steigern und sind aufgrund der positiven metabolischen und kardiopulmonalen Effekte eine gute Trainingsart. Auch ein Krafttraining für die großen Muskelgruppen kann (zusätzlich) empfohlen werden, da die Kraftbelastungen zu einer Zunahme der Muskel- und somit fettfreien Masse führen, resultierend in einer verbesserten Insulinresistenz. Zusätzlich sollte die Alltagsaktivität (Treppensteigen, Spazierengehen, Gartenarbeit etc.) gesteigert werden.
Wie Ernährung einen Typ-2-Diabetes rückgängig machen kann
Authors: Balz Stephanie
Published: December 2023

Lange Zeit galt der Typ-2-Diabetes als eine Erkrankung, die, einmal ausgebrochen, nicht mehr rückgängig zu machen ist. Dieses Bild hat sich in den letzten Jahren gewandelt. Heute weiß man, dass es zumindest in den frühen Stadien des Typ-2-Diabetes durchaus möglich ist, den entgleisten Zuckerstoffwechsel wieder in ein gesundes Gleichgewicht zu bringen. Diese Remission sollte daher das Ziel jeder Therapie bei Menschen mit Prädiabetes oder frühem Typ-2-Diabetes sein, betont die Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft (DDG).
Update zur Navigation im OP-Saal
Authors: Wise Philipp Anthony , Studier-Fischer Alexander , Hackert Thilo , Nickel Felix
Published: December 2023

Die chirurgische Navigation, auch als computerunterstützte oder bildgeführte Chirurgie bezeichnet, ist eine Technik, die eine Vielzahl von Methoden wie 3-D-Bildgebung, Tracking-Systeme, spezialisierte Software und Robotik einsetzt oder als Plattform nutzt, um Chirurgen während chirurgischen Eingriffen zu unterstützen. Diese neuen Technologien zielen darauf ab, nicht nur die Genauigkeit und Präzision chirurgischer Eingriffe zu erhöhen, sondern auch weniger invasive Ansätze zu ermöglichen, mit dem Ziel, Komplikationen zu reduzieren und die operativen Ergebnisse für Patienten zu verbessern. Durch die Integration aufkommender digitaler Technologien verspricht die chirurgische Navigation komplexe Eingriffe in verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen zu unterstützen. In den letzten Jahren hat das Gebiet der chirurgischen Navigation bedeutende Fortschritte gemacht. Die abdominelle chirurgische Navigation, insbesondere Endoskopie und laparoskopische sowie robotergestützte Chirurgie,
durchläuft derzeit eine Phase rascher Entwicklung. Schwerpunkte sind bildgestützte Navigation, Instrumentenverfolgung sowie die mögliche Integration von erweiterter und gemischter Realität (Augmented Reality, AR; Mixed Reality, MR). Dieser Artikel wird sich eingehend mit den neuesten Entwicklungen in der chirurgischen Navigation befassen, von modernsten intraoperativen Technologien wie hyperspektraler und fluoreszierender Bildgebung bis hin zur Integration präoperativer radiologischer Bildgebung im intraoperativen Setting.
Chronic subdural haematoma: a case series of uncommon presentations of a common disease
Authors: Ajoku Uchenna , Iroegbu-Emeruem Linda
Published: December 2023

Chronic subdural haematoma is a common neurological condition especially among the elderly population. Its presentation can be unspecific but often attributed to pressure, cortical irritation, and/or vascular compromise. In the patients’ cohort presented below, we have a series of cases where clinical history and examination did not result in an initial clinical diagnosis or suspicion of chronic subdural haematoma, with the diagnosis made only after brain imaging. We reviewed the literature regarding the aetiopathogenesis and clinical features of our patient cohort, which included a young woman with isolated right ptosis and pupillary dilatation, an elderly man with paraplegia, another elderly man with isolated right foot drop, and a young military man with no history of trauma. Our series re-emphasizes the sometimes non-specific and varied clinical presentation of chronic subdural haematoma. We reiterate the need for early brain imaging in patients who present with neurological disorder.
A case of large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Zare Ali , Aminirad Omid , Binesh Fariba , Jafaripoor Elahe , Moloudi Farzad , Narouie Behzad , Ahmadzade Mohadese
Published: December 2023

Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare and aggressive neoplasm. We present a unique case of painless gross hematuria and a past surgical history of cystolithotomy. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, which revealed high-grade urothelial cell carcinoma with lamina propria involvement. Subsequent radical cystoprostatectomy with orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion and pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed, and the postoperative pathologic examination indicated large-cell undifferentiated. This case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and management for this rare malignancy and adds to the limited existing literature on Large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma.
The value of hypersensitivity quantitative fecal immunochemical test in early colorectal cancer detection
Authors: Jiang Lianghong , Xu Fen , Feng Weiwei , Fu Chen , Zhou Changjiang
Published: December 2023

At present, both the incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer are on the rise, making early screening a crucial tool in reducing the fatality rate. Although colonoscopy is the recommended method according to the guidelines, compliance tends to be poor. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT), a new technology that uses latex immunoturbidimetry to detect fecal blood, offers high specificity and sensitivity. Additionally, it is low-cost, easy to operate, and less likely to be affected by food and drugs, thus improving the compliance rate for population screening. Compared to other screening techniques, FIT represents a safer and more accurate option. This article reviews the application of FIT in early colorectal cancer screening.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Discoviridae 2023
Authors: Kuhn Jens H. , Adkins Scott , Brown Katherine , Carlos de la Torre Juan , Digiaro Michele , Hughes Holly R. , Junglen Sandra , Lambert Amy J. , Maes Piet , Marklewitz Marco , Palacios Gustavo , Sasaya Takahide , Zhang Yong-Zhen , Turina Massimo
Published: December 2023

Discoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 6.2–9.7 kb that have been associated with fungi and stramenopiles. The discovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a nonstructural protein (Ns), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Discoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/discoviridae.
ICICI Lombard’s predicament post-acquisition of Bharti AXA
Authors: Pandey Maya Vimal , Sahay Arunaditya , Chattoraj Abhijit Kumar
Published: December 2023

Learning outcomes

The objective of writing this case study is to allow management students to engage with the complexities of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the insurance sector in an emerging economy like India. Upon completion of this case study, the students will be able to critically evaluate the business environment of the insurance sector of a developing economy like India, analyse the impact of M&As on the insurance industry of India, appraise the post-merger consequences and strategies to deal with these consequences, assess the applicability of market power and growth theories in the context of M&As and develop a strategic action plan for handling post-merger challenges.

Case overview/synopsis

On 3 September 2021, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) approved the “Scheme” related to the merger of the non-life insurance division of Bharti AXA General Insurance Company Limited (“Bharti AXA”) with ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company Limited (“ICICI Lombard”). Earlier, on 21 August 2020, the boards of the companies had approved entering into definitive agreements through a scheme of arrangement. The merger received approvals from different regulatory bodies as mandated (Gandhi et al., 2023). Bhargav Dasgupta, managing director and Chief Executive Officer of ICICI Lombard, stated, “This is a landmark step in the journey of ICICI Lombard, and we are confident that this transaction would be value accretive for our shareholders” (FE Bureau, 2020). However, the merger posed a dilemma for Dasgupta and the management regarding crop insurance owing to its impact on profitability. Crop insurance historically had high claim ratios nearing 135% for ICICI Lombard for financial year 2018. The company ceased to underwrite this product from 2019 onwards (TNN, 2019). However, ICICI Lombard had to fulfil the three-year commitment made by Bharti AXA to the state governments of Maharashtra and Karnataka towards crop insurance. It was a scheme initiated by the Government of India, covering farmers against losses due to cyclonic rains, rainfall deficits and other unforeseen calamities. Dasgupta faced a challenge in managing the interests of the farmers and the company’s shareholders while balancing profitability, which had already been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This case study delves into post-merger complexities in the financial sector non-life insurance industry in emerging countries like India.

Complexity academic level

This case study is suitable for undergraduate and post-graduate management students and executives from the insurance industry.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Utilizing every grain of intellect: exploring the role of individual-level intellectual capital in linking servant leadership with innovative work behavior
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Ahmed Syed Saad , Islam Tahir , Rehman Shafiq Ur
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Based on social exchange and social learning theories, this study explicates the mediating role of individual-level human capital, structural capital and relational capital in linking servant leadership with the innovative work behavior (IWB) of employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 256 manager–employee dyads from the IT sector of Pakistan in three phases through a survey conducted two months apart.

Findings

Results showed that two dimensions of individual-level intellectual capital, namely, individual-level human capital and individual-level relational capital, mediated the relationship between servant leadership and IWB, whereas individual-level structural capital did not mediate the relationship between the two variables.

Originality/value

This study confirms the relationship between servant leadership and IWB and tests the mediating role of the three facets of individual-level intellectual capital in linking servant leadership with the IWB of employees.
SDG commentary: economic services for work and growth for all humans
Authors: Subramony Mahesh , Rosenbaum Mark S.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) 8 and 9 from a service perspective. SDG 8 is a call to improve the dignity of service work by enhancing wages, working conditions and development opportunities while SDG 9 calls upon nations to construct resilient infrastructures, promote inclusivity and sustainability and foster innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a bibliometric review to extract important themes from a variety of scholarly journals.

Findings

Researchers tend to investigate policy-level topics, such as national and international standards related to working conditions, while ignoring the experiences or well-being of workers occupying marginalized and low-opportunity roles in service organizations. Service researchers, educators and practitioners must collaborate to improve the state of service industries by conducting participatory action research, promoting grassroots organizing/advocacy, implementing digitized customer service and addressing workforce soft skills deficiencies.

Research limitations/implications

The authors consider how service work can be transformed into respectable employment and present four specific ways nations can enhance their service industries.

Practical implications

Economic planners can view SDGs 8 and 9 as a framework for understanding and promoting the well-being of service employees and accelerating the productivity and innovation levels of the service sector.

Originality/value

The United Nations’ SDGs are examined from a services perspective, which increases their significance in service-dominated economies.
Hunting of sika deer over six decades does not restore forest regeneration
Authors: Husheer Sean W. , Tanentzap Andrew J.
Published: December 2023

High densities of native and introduced deer hamper the regeneration of temperate forests worldwide. Sport hunting is often the sole means of deer control, but whether it can restore forest regeneration remains uncertain.

We assessed the potential to restore forest regeneration using unrestricted sport hunting alongside commercial harvesting and government‐funded culling of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) across a 594 km2 landscape in North Island, New Zealand. We used six decades of repeated measurements of forest regeneration and deer presence, alongside monitoring of tagged stems in a 20‐year paired exclosure experiment, to determine whether deer control restored regeneration.

In our exclosure experiment, mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) seedling and sapling density, growth and survival were variable but consistently higher when deer were excluded by fencing. Sapling counts in unfenced plots were ≈3–10 times lower after 60 years of deer control compared with unfenced plots, before sika colonisation and other mountain beech forests without sika deer. This result suggests canopy replacement remains at risk despite government‐funded culling and encouragement of sport hunting.

Individual‐based demographic models show that mountain beech is unlikely to regenerate following canopy gap formation in our study landscape unless deer impacts are reduced from current levels. These demographic models predicted present‐day forest regeneration far better than two widely used proxies of deer impact: plot‐based counts of saplings and estimates of deer densities from faecal pellet counts.

Synthesis and applications. Here, we show that intensive culling beyond that achievable by sport hunting is needed to reduce deer densities enough to assure canopy regeneration. These interventions will be necessary in the many places worldwide where sport hunting is being relied upon to protect forests but appears to be failing. Given the controversy associated with deer culling, and the need for clear evidence to justify its implementation, we suggest managers could strengthen the evidence base for their interventions by collecting data to build demographic models.
Anthropology as spiritual discipline
Authors: Luhrmann T. M.
Published: December 2023

This essay invites us to understand ethnography not only as a science‐like comparative enterprise but also as a spiritual discipline. This is because ethnography enables us to imagine other ways of living in the world. The fieldwork, the writing, and even the reading of ethnographies provide people with some external perspective on themselves. Ethnography thus allows people to develop a more a nuanced sense of what, for them, should constitute the good.
Identification and treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a Boston Terrier dog from south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Chapman SA , Angles JM , Raw C , Zendejas‐Heredia PA , Traub RJ
Published: December 2023

Strongyloides stercoralis, the causative agent of strongyloidiasis, is a potentially zoonotic intestinal nematode endemic to northern Australia. Strongyloidiasis is typically observed in immunocompromised hosts and is characterised by gastrointestinal signs, respiratory symptoms and a failure to thrive. In immunocompromised hosts, hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infections can prove life‐threatening. A 24‐month‐old Boston Terrier dog was referred for investigation of chronic small and large intestinal watery hematochezic diarrhoea, emaciation and hematemesis. Small intestinal histology identified a nematode despite consecutive negative faecal flotations. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Baermann test subsequently confirmed infection with S. stercoralis. The dog had received an oral parasiticide comprising milbemycin oxime and afoxolaner every month for the 11 months prior to this diagnosis. Despite fenbendazole being reported as successful in the treatment of canine strongyloidiasis, a course of fenbendazole failed to clear the infection. Eradication of S. stercoralis infection was confirmed after the administration of off‐label ivermectin fortnightly for 12 doses. Attention should be paid to this nematode as the failure of routine copromicroscopic methods to diagnose S. stercoralis infections can result in misdiagnosis, mistreatment and progression of the disease. Off‐label ivermectin may be an alternative to fenbendazole for the treatment of Strongyloides spp. infection in dogs.