bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE REALIZATION OF LEGISTATIVE MEASURE OF THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD POST-SECOND AMANDEMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
Authors: Rasyid M Nur
Published: May 2018

The government has obligation to protect the rights of the child. In the second amendment of Indonesian Constitution of 1945 in 2000 it was added one chapter, namely Chapter XA on human rights. The rights of the child is incorporated in the Article 28B that stipulated every child entitles to life, growth, develop and to get protection from violence and discrimination.

The problem is how the legislative measure of the rights of the child as the implementation of Article 28B. The data were obtained through library research consist of acts related to protection and judiciary of the rights of the child and the related conventions.
The result of the research shows that the government has undertaken legislative measures by making act on child protection, Act Number 23 of 2002 on child protection that has been revised as Act Number 35 of 2014, and the second revision by Act Number 17 of 2016  following the Government Regulation substituted  Act Number 1 of 2016. Act Number 3 of 1997 has been revised on Child Judiciary become Act Number 11 of 2012 on Child Criminal Justice System. It needs synchronization of various related regulations and capacity building for the institutions of child protection.
THE FAILURE OF SETTLEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN INDONESIA AND ITS SOLUTIONS
Authors: Patra Rommy
Published: May 2018

Efforts to resolve human rights violations in Indonesia have been failed. It raises the question of the cause of the failure and the solution that must be taken to overcome it. The factors causing the failure of the settlement of human rights violations: (1) weak substance of legislation, especially Law number 26 Of 2000 on the Human Rights Court; (2) issues of authority and institutional relationships that are not synergistic especially between Komnas HAM and the Attorney General; (3) weak political will from the Government. The solution offered in overcoming the failure of the completion of human rights violations: (1) improve the substantial weaknesses in Law number 26 Of 2000 on the Human Rights Court by replacing it through the establishment of a new Act on Human Rights Court; (2) to organize institutional relations between Komnas HAM and the Attorney General in order to be synergistic in handling cases of human rights violations; (3) to re-establish the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (KKR); (4) The ruling government must have strong political will to resolve various cases of human rights violations with the support of civil society groups.
POLITICS OF LAW OF RISK MANAGEMENT APPLICATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Prasetio .
Published: May 2018

Risk management within the State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) is formally regulated; however, risk-conscious cultures have not been seen as strategic needs. Orientation on opportunity, profit growth, and market share still dominate decision making. Risk management is still often considered to hamper the process and slow growth. Risk awareness values are considered important to build and entrenched in an ongoing system so that risk awareness is internalized in every decision-making process. The following descriptions are based on literature studies and empirical experiences the authors describe the ideas and experiences of introducing and building risk awareness culture in the environment of state enterprises in the early stages. UU NO. 1 of 2003 on SOEs does not regulate in detail about risk management on SOEs. The existence of risk management is contained in the Regulation of the Minister of SOE numbered PER-09 / MBU / 2012. This regulation contains amendments to Article 12 paragraph 10 PER-01 / MBU / 2011 concerning the implementation of Good Corporate Governance in State-Owned Enterprises, and is regulated in more detail at the Decree of the Secretary of the Ministry of SOEs No. SK-16 / S.MBU / 2012 on the assessment indicators / parameters and Evaluation of Good Corporate Governance Implementation on SOEs. The legal politics that exist despite their existence, but lacks a strong philosophical meaning because the rules are not supported in detail in regulation at the level of law.
Verificação de penetração de cloretos em corpos de prova parcialmente imersos em água do mar em Recife, Pernambuco
Authors: Berenguer Romildo , Passos Adriana , Monteiro Eliana , Helene Paulo , Just Ângelo , Oliveira Romilde , Medeiros Marcelo , Carneiro Arnaldo
Published: May 2018

A pesquisa objetivou analisar através de ensaios químicos, o quantitativo de íons cloretos em concretos de diferentes traços (proporção de materiais), em suas profundidades. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios em laboratórios, sendo confeccionados corpos de prova com a parcial imersão em água do mar de acordo com as normas e método de Mohr. Com os resultados verificou-se que o percentual de penetração de íons cloreto é menor para o traço rico, em relação aos demais. Sendo assim, conclui-se que quanto maior a resistência do concreto, maior será a resistência à penetração de íons cloretos, porém estes resultados são esperados, pois o concreto com maior resistência e mesmos materiais tende a dificultar a entrada desses íons.
Seleção de sistemas construtivos utilizando BIM e método de tomada de decisão multicritério
Authors: Machado Eduarda Lauck , Sotsek Nicolle Christine , Scheer Sergio , Santos Adriana de Paula Lacerda
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar se o uso de um software de plataforma BIM associado ao método AHP de tomada de decisão, pode auxiliar no processo decisório, durante a fase de concepção de projetos. Três sistemas construtivos são analisados: Alvenaria Estrutural, Light Steel Framing e Light Wood Framing. A modelagem em BIM possibilitou simulações de cenários e facilitou a extração de dados, que, por sua vez, auxiliaram os especialistas na seleção do sistema construtivo mais adequado, considerando os critérios estabelecidos. A originalidade dessa pesquisa está em considerar vários fatores relevantes à escolha do sistema construtivo, e sua limitação está na modelagem somente das paredes dos sistemas construtivos analisados, e não da edificação completa.
Eccentrically-compressed reinforced concrete columns strengthened with partial jacketing
Authors: Oliveira Denio Ramam Carvalho de , Branco Vitor Lopes , Damasceno Iana Ingrid Rocha
Published: May 2018

The behavior of six uniaxial compression columns is investigated. Specimen featured an initial section of (120 x 200) mm2, a final section of (200 x 200) mm2 and height of 1.600 mm, strengthened on the tensile and compression sides with plaster or not. Adherence between new and old concrete, and cracking pattern was satisfactory. Although coated columns showed the same behavior to their respective non-coated ones even when concrete area was reduced by approximately 20%, problems consisted in the crushing of the reinforced concrete layer immediately prior to the rupture of the columns. This strengthening proved to be more adequate when undertaken at the columns´ compressed zone and may be executed through conventional procedures with or without mortar coating layer.
Colorimetría de arcillas modificadas con adiciones minerales y orgánicas
Authors: Martinez Molina Wilfrido , Torres Acosta Andres Antonio , Chavez Garcia Hugo Luis , Alonso Guzman Elia Mercedes , Lara Gomez Cindy , Bedolla Arroyo Juan Alberto , Lopez Calvo Herwing Zeth , Ruvalcaba Sil Jose Luis
Published: May 2018

El objetivo es cuantificar los valores de los diferentes colores obtenidos en arcillas con adiciones, comparados contra una arcilla base. Se explora la apreciación estética, en base al color de las arcillas con diferentes adiciones usando arcilla del Banco Santiago Undameo, México. Las adiciones son yeso, cal, mucílago de cactus opuntia, cemento portland e hidróxido de sodio. Los porcentajes en peso fueron 2, 4, 6, 8 y 10%. Los mejores comportamientos colorimétricos fueron los resultados obtenidos del cemento portland al 6%, hidróxido de sodio al 4%, cal y yeso al 8% y mucílago de cactus opuntia blanco con porcentajes al 4 y 8%. Algunas construcciones donde se emplearon estos materiales arcillosos son: Casas Grandes en Paquimé, Chihuahua, La Venta en Tabasco; Yácatas en Tzintzuntzán, entre otros.
Neurogenic tumour of the posterior mediastinum: double the complications
Authors: Abdalla Hani , Bille Andrea , Ong Cheng
Published: May 2018

Neurogenic tumours are the most common posterior mediastinal masses. They are usually benign, slow‐growing and can be large enough to cause compression symptoms on surrounding structures, including the airway, heart, great vessels, nerves and ganglia. Anaesthetic management of these patients requires anatomical knowledge of adjacent structures, and an expectant approach to potential complications such as haemorrhage.

We present a case of a large, non‐functional neurogenic tumour of the posterior mediastinum with cervical extension that presented with symptoms of sympathetic ganglia blockade. This was resected by cervical and thoracic approaches. Our case highlights intra‐operative management, and the early detection of a subclavian artery stenosis by vigilant monitoring. We also describe our choice for postoperative analgesia and the potential side‐effects mimicking complications of sympathetic trunk resection.
Natural Alkaloids Intervening the Insulin Pathway: New Hopes for Anti-Diabetic Agents?
Authors: Christodoulou Maria-Ioanna , Tchoumtchoua Job , Skaltsounis Alexios-Leandros , Scorilas Andreas , Halabalaki Maria
Published: May 2018

Background:

Accumulating experimental data supports the capacity of natural
compounds to intervene in complicated molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of
certain human morbidities. Among them, diabetes is now a world’s epidemic associated with
increased risk of death; thus, the detection of novel anti-diabetic agents and/or adjuvants is of
vital importance. Alkaloids represent a diverse group of natural products with a range of
therapeutic properties; during the last 20 years, published research on their anti-diabetic capacity
has been tremendously increased.

Purpose:

To discuss current concepts on the anti-diabetic impact of certain alkaloids, with
special reference to their molecular targets throughout the insulin-signaling pathway.

Methodology:

Upon in-depth search in the SCOPUS and PUBMED databases, the literature
on alkaloids with insulin secretion/sensitization properties was critically reviewed.

Results:

In-vitro and in-vivo evidence supports the effect of berberine, trigonelline, piperine,
oxymatrine, vindoneline, evodiamine and neferine on insulin-signaling and related cascades
in beta-cells, myocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes and other cells. Associated receptors, kinases,
hormones and cytokines, are affected in terms of gene transcription, protein expression, activity
and/or phosphorylation. Pathophysiological processes associated with insulin resistance,
beta-cell failure, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as clinical phenotype are also influenced.

Discussion:

Growing evidence suggests the ability of specific alkaloids to intervene in the
insulin-signal transduction pathway, reverse molecular defects resulting in insulin resistance
and glucose intolerance and improve disease complications, in-vitro and in-vivo. Future indepth
molecular studies are expected to elucidate their exact mechanism of action, while large
clinical trials are urgently needed to assess their potential as anti-diabetic agents.
Advances and Application of DNA-functionalized Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Xun , Wang Fei , Sheng Jin-Liang , Sun Min-Xuan
Published: May 2018

DNA-functionalized nanoparticle (DfNP) technology, the integration of DNA with
nanotechnology, has emerged over recent decades as a promising biofunctionalization tool in
the light of biotechnological approaches. The development of DfNPs has exhibited significant
potential for several biological and biomedical applications. In this review, we focus on the
mechanism of a series of DNA-NP nanocomposites and highlight the superstructures of
DNA-based NPs. We also summarize the applications of these nanocomposites in cell imaging,
cancer therapy and bioanalytical detection.
Blocking IL-6/GP130 Signaling Inhibits Cell Viability/Proliferation, Glycolysis, and Colony Forming Activity in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Xiang , Tian Jilai , Su Gloria H. , Lin Jiayuh
Published: May 2018

Background:

Elevated production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dysfunction of IL-6 signaling promotes tumorigenesis and are associated with poor survival outcomes in multiple cancer types. Recent studies showed that the IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer development and maintenance.

Objective:

We aim to develop effective treatments through inhibition of IL-6/GP130 signaling in pancreatic cancer.

Methods:

The effects on cell viability and cell proliferation were measured by MTT and BrdU assays, respectively. The effects on glycolysis was determined by cell-based assays to measure lactate levels. Protein expression changes were evaluated by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. siRNA transfection was used to knock down estrogen receptor α gene expression. Colony forming ability was determined by colony forming cell assay.

Results:

We demonstrated that IL-6 can induce pancreatic cancer cell viability/proliferation and glycolysis. We also showed that a repurposing FDA-approved drug bazedoxifene could inhibit the IL-6/IL-6R/GP130 complexes. Bazedoxifene also inhibited JAK1 binding to IL-6/IL-6R/GP130 complexes and STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, bazedoxifene impeded IL-6 mediated cell viability/ proliferation and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. Consistently, other IL-6/GP130 inhibitors SC144 and evista showed similar inhibition of IL-6 stimulated cell viability, cell proliferation and glycolysis. Furthermore, all three IL-6/GP130 inhibitors reduced the colony forming ability in pancreatic cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrated that IL-6 stimulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, survival and glycolysis, and supported persistent IL-6 signaling is a viable therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer using IL-6/GP130 inhibitors.
Efficacy and Safety of Antigen-specific Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Bing-Di , Cong Xiao-Feng , Zhao Sha-Sha , Ren Meng , Liu Zi-Ling , Li Zhi , Chen Chen , Yang Lei
Published: May 2018

Background and Objective: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to
assess the efficacy and safety of antigen-specific immunotherapy (Belagenpumatucel-L, MAGE-A3,
L-BLP25, and TG4010) in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted.
Eligible studies were clinical trials of patients with NSCLC who received the antigenspecific
immunotherapy. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were
calculated for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were
calculated for overall response rate (ORR) and the incidence of adverse events.

Results: In total, six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 4,806 patients were included. Pooled
results showed that, antigen-specific immunotherapy did not significantly prolong OS (HR=0.92,
95%CI: 0.83, 1.01; P=0.087) and PFS (HR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.85, 1.01; P=0.088), but improved ORR
(RR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.68; P=0.016). Subgroup analysis based on treatment agents showed that,
tecemotide was associated with a significant improvement in OS (HR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.99;
P=0.03) and PFS (HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.99, P=0.044); TG4010 was associated with an improvement
in PFS (HR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.00, P=0.058). In addition, NSCLC patients who were
treated with antigen-specific immunotherapy exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse
events than those treated with other treatments (RR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.24; P=0.046).

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the clinical survival benefits of tecemotide and TG4010 in the
treatment of NSCLC. However, these evidence might be limited by potential biases. Therefore, further
well-conducted, large-scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings.
Cutaneous Application of Celecoxib for Inflammatory and Cancer Diseases
Authors: Quiñones Oliesia Gonzalez , Pierre Maria Bernadete Riemma
Published: May 2018

Background:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and particularly selective
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors such as celecoxib (Cxb) are considered promising cancer chemopreventive
for colon, breast, prostate, lung, and skin cancers. However, the clinical application to
the prevention is limited by concerns about safety, potential to serious toxicity (mainly for healthy individuals),
efficacy and optimal treatment regimen. Cxb exhibits advantages as potent antiinflammatory
and gastrointestinal tolerance compared with conventional NSAID’s. Recent researches
suggest that dermatological formulations of Cxb are more suitable than oral administration in the
treatment of cutaneous disease, including skin cancer. To date, optimism has been growing regarding
the exploration of the topical application of Cxb (in the prevention of skin cancers and treatment of
cutaneous inflammation) or transdermal route reducing risks of systemic side effects.

Objective:

This paper briefly summarizes our current knowledge of the development of the cutaneous
formulations or delivery systems for Cxb as anti-inflammatory drug (for topical or transdermal application)
as well its chemopreventive properties focused on skin cancer.

New perspectives emerge from the growing knowledge, bringing innovative techniques
combining the action of Cxb with other substances or agents which act in a different way, but complementary,
increasing the efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
Epigenetics in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Its Regulation and Implications in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics
Authors: Wu Yuan Seng , Lee Zhong Yang , Chuah Lay-Hong , Mai Chun Wai , Ngai Siew Ching
Published: May 2018

Despite advances in the treatment regimen, the high incidence rate of breast cancer (BC) deaths is mostly caused by metastasis. Recently, the aberrant epigenetic modifications, which involve DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA (miRNA) regulations become attractive targets to treat metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this review, the epigenetic alterations of DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA regulations in regulating MBC are discussed. The preclinical and clinical trials of epigenetic drugs such as the inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTi) and the inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDACi), as a single or combined regimen with other epigenetic drug or standard chemotherapy drug to treat MBCs are discussed. The combined regimen of epigenetic drugs or with standard chemotherapy drugs enhance the therapeutic effect against MBC. Evidences that epigenetic changes could have implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics for MBC are also presented. Several genes have been identified as potential epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for MBC. Endeavors in clinical trials of epigenetic drugs against MBC should be continued although limited success has been achieved. Future discovery of epigenetic drugs from natural resources would be an attractive natural treatment regimen for MBC. Further research is warranted in translating research into clinical practice with the ultimate goal of treating MBC by epigenetic therapy in the near future.
Multivariate UV-Chemometric and HPLC-QbD Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Vardenafil and Dapoxetine in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and its Marketed Formulation
Authors: Patel Mital N. , Kothari Charmy S.
Published: May 2018

Background:

This manuscript focuses on Novel multivariate UV-chemometric method and
HPLC-QbD method for simultaneous determination of Vardenafil (VR) and Dapoxetine (DP) in active
pharmaceutical ingredient and their marketed formulation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no
literature data on multivariate methods for the same.

Methods:

The spectrophotometric data were processed by CLS, PCR, PLS and MLR methods in order
to determine the active substances, without prior separation from tablet marketed formulation. Analytical
figures of merit, such as sensitivity, selectivity, analytical sensitivity, LOD, and LOQ were determined.
In HPLC-QbD, four critical factors were selected after screening and boxbehnken design was
applied for optimization. Twenty-five experiments were done, and a quadratic model was used for all
response variables. Desirability plot, surface plot, design space, and three-dimensional plots were calculated.

Results:

For Chemometrics, wavelength range selected was 202 nm - 326 nm at 2 nm intervals, hence
59 wavelength points were selected in such a way that minimum RMSEC and RMSECV values were
obtained at multiple wavelengths. HPLC-QbD optimized conditions were; Phenomenex C8 column
(250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), acetonitrile: buffer (ammonium acetate buffer at pH 2.7 with acetic acid) (40:60,
v/v) as a mobile phase at flow rate of 0.9 mL/min, 239 nm wavelength and 20°C temperature.

Conclusion:

The developed methods were validated and successfully applied for simultaneous determination
of VR and DP in tablet dosage form. The results obtained by UV-Chemometric methods were
statistically compared with an HPLC-QbD method, which concludes both the methods can apply for
tablet analysis.
RP-HPLC-UV Detection Method for the Simultaneous Determinat ion of Econazole Nitrate, Triamcinolone Acetonide and Benzoic Acid in Ternary Mixture
Authors: EL-Zaher Asmaa A. , Elkady Ehab F. , Al-Tahami Amaal A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Econazole nitrate and triamcinolone acetonide are one of the topical antifungal corticosteroid fixed combinations. Although this combination has been literately investigated, yet their ternary mixture with benzoic acid as preservative lack of a simple method for its determination.

Objective:

The objective of this work is to present simple, accurate, precise and low cost reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method for the separation and determination of econazole nitrate, triamcinolone acetonide and benzoic acid in a ternary mixture.

Methods:

Separation was conducted on Mediterranea C18 (150mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) column using methanol: 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.60±1), (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase at ambient temperature. Isocratic flow rate at 1 ml/min was used and UV detection was carried out at 230 nm. The Linearity, accuracy and precision of the developed method investigated as per ICH guidelines.

Results:

Good separation of two drugs, benzoic acid as preservative and excipients of dosage form was achieved with acceptable retention times (< 8 min). Validation parameters tested including linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be satisfactory over the concentration range (10-200 µg/ml) for econazole nitrate, (1-20 µg/ml) for triamcinolone acetonide and (2-40 μg/ml) for benzoic acid.

Conclusion:

The proposed method showed good separation and demonstrated adequate specificity, robustness and accuracy for the quantification of the tested drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and in pharmaceutical preparations.
Tissue Distribution of Engeletin in Mice by UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Ye Weijian , Lin Chongliang , Lin Guanyang , Chen Ruijie , Sun Wei , Wang Shuanghu , Wang Xianqin , Zhou Yunfang
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Engeletin is the main active component in the engelhardia leaf that promotes
circulation and removes stasis, and has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory actions.
The aim of this study was to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry
method to detect engeletin in plasma and tissues and investigate its absorption, distribution,
and mechanism in mice, which could provide very useful information for its pharmacological effect in
vivo.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-five mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg engeletin, and
five mice were sacrificed using 4% chloral hydrate 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 h later. The tissues (brain, kidney,
heart, liver, spleen, and lung) and blood were collected. Acetonitrile precipitation was applied to
remove protein and further process the mouse plasma and tissue homogenate samples. Multiple reactions
monitoring mode in negative mode was used to quantify the engeletin.

Results and Conclusion:

Linearity of engeletin in plasma and tissues was good (R2 > 0.995), within the
range of 2-2,000 ng/mL in plasma and 2-2,000 ng/g in tissues, and the lower limit of quantitation was 2
ng/mL in plasma and 2 ng/g in tissues. Inter-day precision of engeletin in plasma or tissues (brain, kidney,
heart, liver, spleen, and lung) was < 14%, and intra-day precision was < 15%. After the mice were
intraperitoneally injected with engeletin (20 mg/kg), the distribution in kidney and liver was the highest,
followed by blood, spleen, lung, heart, and brain. Engeletin concentration in the brain was low, suggesting
that engeletin can penetrate through the blood brain barrier, which could also help with engeletin
investigations of the brain.
Preparation and Evaluation of Quercetin-Loaded MPEG-PLA Nanoparticles
Authors: Onishi Hiraku , Nakamura Masashi , Sasatsu Masanaho
Published: May 2018

Background:

Quercetin (QE) is one of the flavonoids with various biological functions
such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. However, the low aqueous solubility and
short half-life in the body reduce its in vivo efficacy. Therefore, the appropriate delivery techniques
to solve those problems have drawn much attention. In the present study, methoxypolyethylene glycol-
poly-DL-lactic acid (MPEG-PLA) nanoparticles loaded with quercetin (QE), called NP, were
prepared, and their antitumor characteristics were investigated in vitro and in vivo.

Method:

NPs were produced by evaporating organic solvent from the organic solvent-water mixture
in four formulations. The particle characteristics and in vitro release were examined for the obtained
preparations (NP1 – NP4). The antitumor features were investigated in vivo with different administration
schedules using mice inoculated subcutaneously with murine Sarcoma 180. In addition, the
efficacy of co-administration of NP with a strong antitumor chemotherapeutic agent, irinotecan hydrochloride
(CPT-11), was examined. Biodistribution studies were performed using the same animal
models.

Result:

The NP with the higher drug content (0.58 % (w/w)) and gradual release profile, Preparation
NP4, were chosen and used as NP in the in vivo studies. NP suppressed tumor growth better than QE
solution in various dosing schedules (total dose = 2 mg/kg). In the combination therapy with CPT-11,
NP exhibited antitumor efficacy in a nearly additive manner. No decrease in body weight observed
with any administration. NP markedly enhanced the systemic distribution and tumor localization.

Conclusion:

These results indicated that the present NP should promote the efficacy of QE, and
might have useful therapeutic potential in the treatment of solid tumors.
Synthesis, 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase Inhibitory and 5AR Reductase Activity of Novel Pregnenolone Derivatives
Authors: Banday Abid H. , Shameem Shameem A. , Banday Javid A. , Ganaie Bashir A.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The potential of steroids for development into lead pharmacological molecules lies in
the regulation of a variety of biological processes by these molecules and also because of these being a fundamental
class of signaling molecules. Steroid based scaffolds have been extensively used as active pharmaceutical
agents for the treatment of various diseases including the deadly disease of cancer which despite the recent
advances in the early diagnosis, prevention and therapy, remains a clinical challenge affecting millions of people
world over and is one of the leading causes of death. It thus warrants the development of new drugs against this
dreadful disease through exploitation of emerging molecularly defined targets.

Methods:

The present study explores the effect of novel steroidal pyrazolines as presumed inhibitors of 5α-
reductase (5AR) and 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase as a target for treatment of prostate cancer. A series of 1,5-
diaryl pyrazoline pregnenolones were synthesized and screened for 5α-reductase inhibitory activities. Synthesis
of the analogs is multistep and proceeds in good overall yields. The key step in the synthesis of 1,5-
disubstituted pyrazolinyl pregnenolones is the heterocyclization of bezylidine derivatives (3) in presence of
phenylhydrazines (4) through the initial formation of the phenylhydrazones, which undergo concomitant cyclization
to generate the stable pyrazoline derivatives.

Results:

All the synthesised D-ring 1,5-disubstituted pyrazolinyl pregnenolone derivatives (5a-l) were screened
for prostate cancer cell inhibitory, 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase inhibitory activity. Amongst
all the compounds screened for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities, compound 5c, 5e, 5g and 5l were found
to be the most active. Further, compounds 5g and 5h were found to have moderate 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase
inhibitory activities.

Conclusion:

A series of D-ring 1,5-disubstituted pyrazolinyl pregnenolone derivatives (5a-l) were synthesized
and screened for their prostate cancer cell inhibitory, 5a-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase inhibitory
activity. Amongst all the compounds screened for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities, compound 5c, 5e, 5g
and 5l were found to be the most active whereas compounds 5g and 5h were found to have moderate 17α-
hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase inhibitory activities.
Vitamin D’s Molecular Action Mechanism in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Saedisomeolia Ahmad , Samadi Mahsa , Gholami Fatemeh , Seyedi Marzieh , Effatpanah Mohammad , Hashemi Rezvan , Abdolahi Mina , Honarvar Niyaz Mohammadzadeh
Published: May 2018

Background & Objective:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous
disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Children with ADHD have
challenges with learning, behavior and psychosocial adjustments, sometimes retained into adulthood.
The exact etiology of ADHD is unknown, and the pathophysiology of this disease is complex. Several
hypotheses have been raised regarding ADHD pathogenesis, including serotonergic and catecholaminergic
signalling pathway dysfunction, neurotropic-related factors, oxidative stress, or neuroinflammation.

Vitamin D has an important protective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress and certain neurotrophic
factors and neurotransmitter, as well as facilitating dopaminergic and serotonergic functions.
Vitamin D levels in children with ADHD are lower than in healthy children, and thus may be involved
in the pathogenesis of ADHD. These observations, therefore, confirm the neuroprotective role of vitamin
D through multiple molecular mechanisms and can be considered as a promising target in understanding
ADHD pathology.

Conclusion:

In this context, the present study reviews the molecular pathways of vitamin D in ADHD
patients.
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice: How Could Dentistry Participate?
Authors: Cole James R. , Dodge William W. , Findley John S. , Horn Bruce D. , Kalkwarf Kenneth L. , Martin Max M. , Valachovic Richard W. , Winder Ronald L. , Young Stephen K.
Published: May 2018

There is a remarkable phenomenon occurring among health professionals: the development of ongoing, routine collaboration, both in educating the next generation of providers and in delivering care. These new approaches, commonly referred to as interprofessional education and interprofessional collaborative practice, have been introduced into academic health settings and delivery systems throughout the U.S. and the rest of the world; however, the full integration of dentistry in health care teams remains unrealized. In academic settings, dentistry has found ways to collaborate with the other health professions, but most practicing dentists still find themselves on the margins of new models of care delivery. This article provides a perspective on the history and context of the evolution of collaborative approaches to health care and proposes ways in which dentistry can participate more fully in the future.
Effect on Dental Hygiene Students of a Substance Use Simulation Conducted with Nursing Students
Authors: Mitchell Ann M. , Riccelli Angelina , Boucek Lynn , Puskar Kathryn R. , Hagle Holly , Lindsay Dawn
Published: May 2018

Dental professionals have an opportunity to screen for substance use, provide targeted feedback based on patients’ oral health, provide patient education, and refer for further assessment as needed. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on dental hygiene students of an interprofessional Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) educational intervention with standardized patients as a tool for initiating discussions on alcohol and drug use with patients. Starting in 2015, dental hygiene students in two classes at the University of Pittsburgh participated with nursing students in one and a half hours of didactic instruction followed within a ten‐week period by SBIRT simulation scenarios utilizing standardized patients, with subsequent debriefing of students by faculty. Students’ attitudes were assessed before and after the didactic session and immediately after the SBIRT simulation, using the Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perceptions Questionnaire and the Drug and Drug Problems Perceptions Questionnaire. All 67 dental hygiene students in the program at the time participated in the educational intervention and surveys. The results showed significant positive changes in role security, defined as the acceptance of SBIRT delivery as part of their role identity as dental hygienists, following the intervention. This study found that the IPE intervention with dental hygiene and nursing students improved the dental hygiene students’ attitudes through using SBIRT.
Comparing Practice Management Courses in Canadian Dental Schools
Authors: Schonwetter Dieter J. , Schwartz Barry
Published: May 2018

Practice management has become an increasingly important aspect of dental education over the years in order to better prepare students for the reality of practice. The aim of this study was to quantify and describe practice management courses taught at the ten Canadian dental schools in order to identify common approaches, compare hours, determine types of instructors, and assess the relationship between courses’ learning objectives and the Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry (ACFD) competencies and Bloom's cognitive levels. The academic deans at these ten schools were surveyed in 2016; all ten schools responded for a 100% response rate. The authors also gathered syllabi and descriptions of the courses and analyzed them for themes. The results showed a total of 22 practice management courses in the ten Canadian dental schools. The courses provided 27 to 109 hours of teaching and were mostly taught in the third and fourth years and by dentists on three main topics: ethics, human resource management, and running a private practice. The courses were correlated to the ACFD competencies related to ethics, professionalism, application of basic principles of business practices, and effective interpersonal communication. Most of the courses’ learning objectives addressed comprehension and knowledge in Bloom's cognitive levels of learning. These results can help to guide discussions on how practice management courses can be developed, improved, and refined to meet the challenges of preparing students for dental practice.
Assessing the Medical Emergency Preparedness of Dental Faculty, Residents, and Practicing Periodontists: An Exploratory Study
Authors: de Bedout Tatiana , Kramer Kyle , Blanchard Steven , Hamada Yusuke , Eckert George J. , Maupome Gerardo , John Vanchit
Published: May 2018

With the increased number of elderly and medically compromised individuals receiving dental care and the presence of systemic comorbidities and associated treatment modalities in this patient population, it is imperative that dentists be prepared to manage a variety of medical emergencies. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of and preparedness to manage common medical emergencies of cohorts of practicing periodontists, specialty residents, and faculty members, both for comparative purposes and as an aid to refining a dental school's standardized case scenarios. The study, conducted in 2017, was designed for four groups of randomly selected participants with at least 20 in each group; the actual number of voluntary participants was 28 private practice periodontists, 22 residents in specialty programs, 21 specialist faculty members, and 24 general practice faculty members. Participants were asked to evaluate ten clinical emergency cases and identify the diagnosis and indicated intervention for each. Groups were also evaluated for differences among correct responses for each case. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences for number of correct diagnoses or interventions among the four groups. However, several cases had varying degrees of incorrect diagnoses and management across all groups. Participants who had recently graduated or were still in school were able to treat cases appropriately more often than the other participants. Further refinement of cases to assess provider preparedness to correctly diagnose and manage medical emergencies is needed, specifically establishing case‐specific features and addressing areas of potential confusion before the cases are used for educational purposes.
Annual ADEA Survey of Dental School Seniors: 2017 Graduating Class
Authors: Wanchek Tanya , Cook Bryan J. , Valachovic Richard W.
Published: May 2018

This report summarizes the key findings of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Survey of Dental School Seniors for the graduating class of 2017. The survey covers a wide range of topics related to dental education, including students’ motivation to pursue dentistry, perceived preparation in different subject areas, debt incurred, and career plans. The response rate for the survey was 77.1% and included responses from students at all 65 U.S. dental schools with graduating classes that year. Some of the key findings include a near equal representation of males and females, but a skewed distribution by gender within race/ethnic groups. In general, minority students had a higher ratio of females, while White students had a higher ratio of males. Average educational debt fell slightly at public schools but rose by $40,000 to $287,405 at private schools. The two most common plans following graduation were to work in the private sector and to continue learning at an advanced dental education program. The majority of students planned at some point in their careers to teach and to work with underserved populations. Comparing the experiences and plans of seniors with different characteristics allows school administrators and policymakers to better understand these future dentists’ motivations and challenges.
An Assistive Technology System that Provides Personalized Dressing Support for People Living with Dementia: Capability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Burleson Winslow , Lozano Cecil , Ravishankar Vijay , Lee Jisoo , Mahoney Diane
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Individuals living with advancing stages of dementia (persons with dementia, PWDs) or other cognitive disorders do not have the luxury of remembering how to perform basic day-to-day activities, which in turn makes them increasingly dependent on the assistance of caregivers. Dressing is one of the most common and stressful activities provided by caregivers because of its complexity and privacy challenges posed during the process.

OBJECTIVE

In preparation for in-home trials with PWDs, the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a prototype intelligent system, the DRESS prototype, to assess its ability to provide automated assistance with dressing that can afford independence and privacy to individual PWDs and potentially provide additional freedom to their caregivers (family members and professionals).

METHODS

This laboratory study evaluated the DRESS prototype’s capacity to detect dressing events. These events were engaged in by 11 healthy participants simulating common correct and incorrect dressing scenarios. The events ranged from donning a shirt and pants inside out or backwards to partial dressing—typical issues that challenge a PWD and their caregivers.

RESULTS

A set of expected detections for correct dressing was prepared via video analysis of all participants’ dressing behaviors. In the initial phases of donning either shirts or pants, the DRESS prototype missed only 4 out of 388 expected detections. The prototype’s ability to recognize other missing detections varied across conditions. There were also some unexpected detections such as detection of the inside of a shirt as it was being put on. Throughout the study, detection of dressing events was adversely affected by the relatively smaller effective size of the markers at greater distances. Although the DRESS prototype incorrectly identified 10 of 22 cases for shirts, the prototype preformed significantly better for pants, incorrectly identifying only 5 of 22 cases. Further analyses identified opportunities to improve the DRESS prototype’s reliability, including increasing the size of markers, minimizing garment folding or occlusions, and optimal positioning of participants with respect to the DRESS prototype.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the ability to detect clothing orientation and position and infer current state of dressing using a combination of sensors, intelligent software, and barcode tracking. With improvements identified by this study, the DRESS prototype has the potential to provide a viable option to provide automated dressing support to assist PWDs in maintaining their independence and privacy, while potentially providing their caregivers with the much-needed respite.
Authors� Reply: Comment on �An Online Intervention Comparing a Very Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Versus a Plate Method Diet in Overweight Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial� (Preprint)
Authors: Saslow Laura , Mason Ashely E. , Kim Sarah , Goldman Veronica , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Bayandorian Hovig , Daubenmier Jennifer , Hecht Frederick M. , Moskowitz Judith T.
Published: May 2018

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
FORMUALTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOADHESIVE SUSTAINED RELEASE BUCCAL TABLETS AND PATCHES OF 5-FLUOROURACIL USING DIFFERENT POLYMERS
Authors: Gawai Nitin , Zaheer Zahid
Published: May 2018

Objective: The present research study was undertaken to formulate mucoadhesive sustained release buccal tablets and patches of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Method: For the research experiment work design expert software version 10, stat-ease, Inc. has been used. A 32 full factorial design was selected for the formulation of the buccal tablet as well as buccal patches. In this research work, formulated tablets and patches using different polymers such as carbopol 974p, polyvinylpyrrolidone-K 30, sodium deoxycholate, microcrystalline cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. An after formulation of batches formulated products studied for characterization, namely, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Evaluation parameters studied such as weight uniformity, thickness, hardness, friability, and content uniformity also carried out. For drug release purpose from the formulation of buccal tablet and patches in vitro drug released performed. In vivo drug releases study also carried out using Rabbit for drug reaction point of view.Results: Design expert showed the significant results on independent and dependent variables. The R-Squared 0.9943 for drug release and 0.9985 for swelling index is in reasonable agreement with the formulations. FTIR and DSC indicating compatibility of the drug and polymers in the tablet formulation and patch formulations at the molecular level. The drug release of buccal tablet showed 75.10–99.34% and buccal patches showed 58.41–81.43%. These formulations showed good results when compared to the conventional tablet.Conclusion: Formulation of mucoadhesive sustained release buccal tablets and patches of 5-FU successfully done using different polymers, which would definitely help in increasing bioavailability of the drug.
THE OFF- LABEL USE OF CARBAMAZEPINE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rahajeng Bangunawati , Ikawati Zullies , Murti Andayani Tri , Dwiprahasto Iwan
Published: May 2018

Objective:. In Indonesia, carbamazepine was approved by The National Agency of Drugs And Foods Controls for the prophylaxis of lithium unresponsive manic-depressive disorders, all types of epilepsy (except for petit mal), and trigeminal neuralgia. This study was conducted to determine the off-label use of carbamazepine in Indonesia.Methods: This research is a nonexperimental descriptive study with a cross-sectional method. Data collection retrospectively by taking all patients that were prescribed carbamazepine in 2014. Data were obtained from four general hospitals in Yogyakarta. The off-label use of carbamazepine was defined a prescribing of carbamazepine outside the indication that approved by The National Agency for Drugs And Foods Controls of Republic of Indonesia (NA-DFC).Results: The use of carbamazepine in 2014 were 704 prescriptions, and on 251 (35.6%) of them were off-label drug use. The off-label use of carbamazepine were 149 prescriptions (59.4%) for neuropathic pain, 83 prescriptions (33.0%) for nociceptive pain, and 19 prescriptions (7.6%) for other indications.Conclusion: The mostly off-label use of carbamazepine in Indonesia was in neuropathic pain with low evidence. Further research to study the efficacy and the risk of off-label use of carbamazepine may be an essential step toward defining the potential for such purpose.
Simple Bone Cyst Treated with Percutaneous Steroid Injection
Authors: Fauzi Kamal Achmad , Ajiantoro Ajiantoro , Prabowo Yogi
Published: May 2018

Objectives: Through this study, we want to explore the effectiveness of methylprednisolone injections to treat simple bone cyst (SBC).Methods: We collected the data of all patients with SBC who were treated with percutaneous steroid injection (PSI). The study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and we used a computerized search of operative reports to identify all SBC patients who were treated by PSI 3 times between 2013 and 2016.Results: A total of 10 patients were reported in these serial cases, 8 males and 2 females. The average age of these subjects is 7.8 years old. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score determine good result after 3rd injection of steroid. Bone healing evaluation using Chang Criteria showed a good healing proccess.Conclusion: Steroid injection therapy for SBC yielded a good functional result. It gets solid union relatively quickly, simple operation procedure, widely available, with less side effect. Therefore, this procedure could be a choice for treatment of SBCs patient. Further study needs to be conducted with more sample size.