bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Color center creation by dipole stacking in crystals of 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline
Authors: Filley Jonathan
Published: September 2024

This work describes the X-ray structure of orange–red crystals of 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline, C7H8N2O3. The compound displays concentration-dependent UV-Vis spectra, which is attributed to dipole-induced aggregation, and light absorption arising from an intermolecular charge-transfer process that decreases in energy as the degree of aggregation increases. The crystals display π-stacking where the dipole moments align antiparallel. Stacked molecules interact with the next stack via hydrogen bonds, which is a state of maximum aggregation. Light absorption by charge transfer can be compared to colored inorganic semiconductors such as orange–red CdS, with a band gap of 2.0–2.5 eV.
Navigating barriers to organic food purchase intention: a mixed method longitudinal approach in emerging market
Authors: Chakraborty Debarun , Choubey Vardhan , Joshi Prasad , Dash Ganesh , Camilleri Mark Anthony , Zhang Justin
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study investigates barriers to consumers’ organic food purchasing. It identifies the factors and the extent to which they influence their purchase behaviours and future purchase intentions (i.e. continuance purchase intentions).

Design/methodology/approach

It combines qualitative and quantitative methods across two phases. Longitudinal research was carried out in two phases. It involved a thematic analysis and a covariance-based structural equation modelling approach. During Phase-1 and Phase-2, responses were collected from 376 and 351 respondents, respectively.

Findings

Phase 1 found the value barrier was significantly affecting the consumers’ purchase intention, while Phase 2 identified the impacts from both image and value barriers on purchase intentions. Notably, purchase intention affected continuance intention in both phases, while ethnocentrism showed no influence.

Originality/value

Using the innovation resistance theory, this study sheds light on the factors that prevent purchase intention. It offers valuable insights for policymakers and for the marketers of organic foods. This contribution implies that value and usage barriers were affecting the consumers’ purchase intentions in the short as well as in the long term. In sum, it suggests that consumers were not purchasing organic food as they felt it was either overpriced, not available in the market or because they were sceptical about its organic labelling.
Bright and dark optical solitons in optical metamaterials using a variety of distinct schemes for a generalized Schrodinger equation
Authors: Khuri Suheil , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) incorporating spatiotemporal dispersion and other dispersive effects. The goal is to derive various soliton solutions, including bright, dark, singular, periodic and exponential solitons, to enhance the understanding of soliton propagation dynamics in nonlinear metamaterials (MMs) and contribute new findings to the field of nonlinear optics.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a range of powerful mathematical approaches to solve the NLS. The proposed methodologies are applied systematically to derive a variety of optical soliton solutions, each demonstrating unique optical behaviors and characteristics. The approach ensures that both the theoretical framework and practical implications of the solutions are thoroughly explored.

Findings

The study successfully derives several types of soliton solutions using the aforementioned mathematical approaches. Key findings include bright optical envelope solitons, dark optical envelope solitons, periodic solutions, singular solutions and exponential solutions. These results offer new insights into the behavior of ultrashort solitons in nonlinear MMs, potentially aiding further research and applications in nonlinear wave studies.

Originality/value

This study makes an original contribution to nonlinear optics by deriving new soliton solutions for the NLS with spatiotemporal dispersion. The diversity of solutions, including bright, dark, periodic, singular and exponential solitons, adds substantial value to the existing body of knowledge. The use of distinct and reliable methodologies to obtain these solutions underscores the novelty and potential applications of the research in advancing optical technologies. The originality lies in the novel approaches used to obtain these diverse soliton solutions and their potential impact on the study and application of nonlinear waves in MMs.
Exploring mobile commerce activities’ impact on retail firm performance
Authors: Cao Lanlan , Liu Xin , Trinchera Laura , Touzani Mourad
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study explores key dimensions of mobile commerce activities (MCAs), evaluates their impact on firm performance and examines the role of mobile commerce performance as a mediator and the role of industry competitive intensity as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative research identified 21 principal retailers’ MCAs. A survey involving 172 retail executives was then conducted to examine the structure of MCAs and their impacts on firm performance.

Findings

Our findings reveal that the MCAs comprise four dimensions: guidance, connection, in-store conversion and relation. These dimensions jointly impact firm performance through mobile commerce performance, moderated by industry competition.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a foundational understanding of MCAs. Future research should continue to explore how these dimensions interact.

Practical implications

Retailers can enhance their management of MCA investments by focussing on four key areas: guidance, contact, in-store conversion and relation. By customizing activities and prioritizing those that strengthen customer relationship management within one area, retailers can effectively align their MCA strategies with their specific business context.

Originality/value

The study’s originality lies in identifying and empirically testing the dimensionality of MCAs, emphasizing the role of customer-centric mobile performance and expanding the understanding of MCA value creation.
Understanding the drivers of innovative work behaviour among millennial employees in India’s IT sector: some exploratory research findings
Authors: Behera Biswajit , Panda Rajeev Kumar , Tiwari Binita , Chaubey Akriti
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study aims to develop a hierarchical model for innovative work behaviour (IWB) that can capture the complex associations among the factors contributing to IWB within the information technology (IT) sector. To accomplish this, the authors rely on an abductive approach using a graph theoretic model, often called interpretive structural modelling (ISM).

Design/methodology/approach

After conducting an in-depth literature review and using the Delphi method, the authors identified 12 factors (11 enablers and IWB as an outcome). The authors collected data through the Delphi approach by sending the questionnaire to 11 experts from academia and the IT sector who have extensive experience and knowledge relevant to the study. The authors then used the ISM method to analyse the relationships among these factors and understand their driving forces.

Findings

Based on the ISM model and the Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement analysis, the authors have identified that inclusive leadership, proactive personality and knowledge creation ability are the variables with strong driving power but weak dependence. Conversely, IWB has strong dependence but weak driving power. These findings suggest that to foster IWB, the organisation should prioritise inclusive leadership, proactive personality and knowledge-creation ability to succeed in challenging times. The study’s findings contribute to the social exchange theory, which explains IWB in a dynamic setting. Additionally, the study helps address the significant concerns that most IT companies face during times of crisis.

Practical implications

The study provides valuable guidance for managers and policymakers who are grappling with the challenges of improving IWB in the IT sector. This study is particularly relevant as the industry is currently navigating an economic recession and facing intense competition from other tech companies launching new products and services.

Originality/value

This research holds great significance for top executives, line managers and policymakers in the IT industry. It sheds light on the relevance and importance of various factors facilitating millennials' IWB.
The role of nuclear energy in the sustainable energy system transition: a scoping review into the complexity of decision-making trade-offs and public participation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Charnley-Parry Ioan Mihangel , Keller Elias , Sebalo Ivan , Whitton John , Ball Linden J. , Richardson Beth Helen , Marsh John E.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Nuclear energy is a contested topic, requiring trade-offs in energy independence, ethicality and uncertainty. Anthropogenic climate change complicates these decisions further, with nuclear energy competing with other low-carbon and sustainable energy sources. Decisions about nuclear energy’s role, as part of a sustainable energy system, must be made in cooperation with all stakeholders. However, it is unclear how the public is involved in these decisions in the UK. This study aims to address this gap, exploring the degree to which public participation has occurred in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a scoping review of public participation in UK nuclear energy decision-making in the context of sustainable energy transitions, where the government retains and promotes nuclear energy as part of a sustainable energy system. Following a systematic literary search, this paper reviewed 28 academic and grey literature documents.

Findings

Public participation has primarily been conducted as consultations rather than active participation. There is limited evidence that consultations have meaningfully contributed to politically and socially responsible (i.e. individuals and groups working together for community benefit) decision-making, with public opinion on nuclear energy’s role being divided and is influenced by how it is framed.

Originality/value

Social aspects of nuclear energy development have historically received less attention than environmental and economic elements; the role of engagement and participation is relatively rare. Modern literature reviews in this context are largely absent, a gap this paper originally contribute to. This paper suggest ways in which how effective, inclusive engagement process could contribute to a fairer, responsible decision-making process and energy system in the UK.
Contingent valuation versus choice experiment: estimating the willingness to pay for organic oranges in Vietnam
Authors: Ho Nhat Bach , Vo Dut Van , Rowley Chris
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The study estimates the willingness to pay for organic oranges and identifies its influencing factors among consumers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used survey data from 413 households in the Mekong Delta from March 2022 to July 2022. The choice experiment (CE) and contingent valuation method (CVM) were employed to analyze consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). STATA 17 software was used to analyze research data in the logit model and mixed logit model.

Findings

The research results from the CVM approach show that a number of demographic characteristics have a direct impact on WTP, such as education, educational attainment, family size, the presence of children and the elderly in the household, food safety and environmental awareness. The CE model shows product attributes that influence consumers’ WTP, such as country of origin, traceability, quality grade, organic certification, ecolabel and organic content. Both approaches show that price is the main barrier to organic orange consumption.

Research limitations/implications

The study surveyed four large cities in four provinces representing the Mekong Delta region.

Practical implications

Our study helps administrators have a deeper insight into consumer preferences and behavior, specifically the factors that affect consumers' WTP, an important indicator of demand for the success of manufacturers and marketers in developing as well as improving marketing strategies. Knowledge of a product’s WTP on behalf of (potential) customers plays an important role in many areas of marketing management, such as pricing decisions or new product development.

Social implications

Furthermore, this understanding will inform policymakers about the future of agricultural markets in Vietnam and help them better prepare for the making of sustainable agricultural policies. Develop organic agriculture to both protect human health, protect the living environment and protect the soil from degradation, ensuring sustainable agricultural production. This is also one of the measures to help people stay away from diseases to limit the social burden.

Originality/value

The study confirms that both CVM and CE models can be used to estimate WTP. However, CVM fits the overall WTP estimate, while CE is more appropriate when estimating WTP for individual scenarios through combining attributes with different levels.
Evolving landscape of performance measurement research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Rompho Nopadol , Vinayavekhin Sukrit , Sajjanit Chonlada , Asatani Kimitaka
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify key research clusters (or sub-fields) in the field of performance measurement research, analyse its historical development and propose future research avenues.

Design/methodology/approach

Several bibliometric analysis methods, including co-citation analysis and text mining techniques, were used to review papers published on performance measurement research.

Findings

This study reveals eight main clusters of research in this field, ranging from theoretical-focused clusters (e.g. strategic performance measurement) to practical-focused clusters (e.g. design of performance measurement). These clusters are further categorised into four groups based on the size and degree of connectedness. Regarding the analysis of historical development, the established clusters, such as supply chain management, remain important, while newer clusters, such as hospitality and humanitarianism, have recently gained increasing interest.

Originality/value

This study applies citation-based clustering, a type of bibliometric literature review method that has been underused in the field of performance measurement. Moreover, the results obtained from this study are also distinct from those of previous studies, offering valuable insights especially for researchers. With a comprehensive understanding of the field, researchers can use it to understand the key literature, observe ongoing developments within their specialisation and inform their future research directions.
Green pharma supply chain: a review of existing practices and future directions
Authors: Belal Md Mostain , Shukla Vinaya , Ahmad Salman , Balasubramanian Sreejith
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The pharmaceutical industry is facing significant pressure to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Other ecological, societal and regulatory pressures are also driving the industry to “go green”. While such a (green) transition could be possible through appropriate green practices’ implementation, the present understanding about it is superficial and vague. A key reason is the lack of green practices’-related studies on pharmaceuticals, which are also insufficiently comprehensive. This knowledge gap is sought to be addressed.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted with 73 carefully selected articles, then subjected to thematic content analyses for synthesising the relevant themes and sub-themes.

Findings

Around 76 operational-level green practices covering all key stakeholders across the drug lifecycle were identified. It was revealed that designing drugs having accelerated environmental degradability is important to combat AMR. Also, redesigning existing drugs is environmentally more resource-intensive than developing new ones with significant cost-saving potential in solvent recycling and flexible manufacturing, both of which are not common at present. With regards to green-related barriers, stringent quality requirements on drugs (and therefore risks in making relevant green-oriented modifications) and time-consuming and costly regulatory approvals were found to be the key ones.

Practical implications

The operational green practices’ framework developed for individual pharmaceutical supply chain stakeholders could help practitioners in benchmarking, modifying and ultimately, adopting green practices. The findings could also assist policymakers in reframing existing regulations, such as Good Manufacturing Practices or GMP-related, to promote greener drug development.

Originality/value

This work is the first systematic attempt to identify and categorise operational-level green supply chain practices across stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector.

Highlights

•

Biodegradability of drugs is more important than environmental degradability.

•

Flexible manufacturing process design (or quality by design) reduces resource wastage.

•

Ecopharmacovigilance is effective in combating PIE and AMR-related issues.

•

Upstream and downstream coordination is key to greening pharma operations.

•

Costly and time-consuming regulatory approval is a key barrier to greening pharma processes.
Unlocking potential for a circular bioeconomy transition through digital innovation, lean manufacturing and green practices: a review
Authors: Halim-Lim Sarina Abdul , Jamaludin Adi Ainurzaman , Islam A.S.M. Touhidul , Weerabahu Samanthi , Priyono Anjar
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Today’s businesses are looking for a circular bioeconomy (CBE) to develop a sustainable manufacturing process as industrial operations result in significant amounts of waste materials and the depletion of natural sources. The industry commonly applies techniques such as lean manufacturing (LM), digital innovations (DI) and green practices (GP) for operational and quality improvement. However, publications explaining how these technologies enable the CBE transition are scarce. This study examines CBE components, common practices of each technology facilitating the CBE transition, problems of solitary technology deployment as well as coupling technologies for the CBE transition.

Design/methodology/approach

A scoping review was conducted to analyse previous studies in this new field. The data collection is in a quantitative manner, but the data synthesis process follows a similar method of synthesising data in the grounded theory method, which includes familiarisation with the data, open-coding and finalisation of the themes.

Findings

Critical components of CBE were identified as biobased goods, industry symbiosis, material resource efficiency, renewable energy, product lifecycle and sharing economy. GP is the most prominent in moderating the CBE transition. We identify each technology has coupled relationships (Lean-4.0, Green-Lean and Green-4.0) technologies facilitated by the circularity concept, which form the core pillars of enablers and advance the CBE paradigm.

Research limitations/implications

This study demonstrates that combining lean principles with green technology and digital technologies can effectively decrease waste and resource usage in biobased manufacturing processes, therefore endorsing the concept of resource efficiency in circular bioeconomy models.

Practical implications

The results allow entrepreneurs to strategically incorporate different existing technologies to meet CBE fundamental objectives by initiating it with dual technologies and facilitate industry professionals and regulators to support the improvement of environmental sustainability performance in the manufacturing industry. The management will be able to focus on the common practices across the technologies, which have a dual benefit for both operational and environmental performance.

Originality/value

The paper makes the first attempt to present the synergic impact of the three quality management technologies on a new concept of sustainability, CBE.
Virtual reality hypnotherapy for healthcare students: a feasibility trial
Authors: O’Brien Aileen , Hutchinson Julia , Bin Fauzi Nik , Abbott Michael , Railton James , Bell Darren , White Sarah , Smith Jared , Riches Simon
Published: September 2024

Purpose

There is evidence that both hypnotherapy and virtual reality (VR) can be helpful in reducing perceived stress in the general population. This is a feasibility and acceptability trial of an intervention combining hypnotherapy and VR to establish its acceptability in students. This study aims to establish whether students found the experience acceptable, described any adverse effects and whether they reported feeling calmer after the experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was testing the hypothesis that students would attend the sessions and find the experience acceptable. A secondary hypothesis was that preliminary qualitative and quantitative evaluation of measures of stress and wellbeing would signal potential improvements.

Findings

All participants completed all three sessions. No side effects were reported. Visual analogue scales recorded each day assessing the immediate effect improved. At the end of the intervention, there was an increase in wellbeing of 2.40 (95% CI: 1.33, 3.53, p = 0.006), and a decrease in depression of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.07, p = 0.010), reflecting large effect sizes of 0.76 and 0.83, respectively. Qualitative feedback was generally very positive.

Research limitations/implications

This study is small with just 15 students and was over a short period of time. The recruitment method meant there was no way to establish whether the volunteer students were representative of the general student population in terms of mental wellbeing. There was no control arm.

Practical implications

The preliminary results suggest that a larger controlled trial is justified.

Social implications

This VR experience may have benefit to university students and to the wider population.

Originality/value

This described the evaluation of a novel intervention for perceived stress combining hypnotherapy and virtual reality in a group of healthcare students, with promising results suggesting further evaluation is needed.
The impact of customer incivility on employee negative emotions: an organizational culture perspective
Authors: Ma The-Ngan , Yeh Ying-Jung Yvonne , Lee Han-Yu , Vu Hong Van
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of customer incivility on employees' negative emotions (i.e. anger, fear and sadness) considering the moderating role of organizational power distance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey sample comprising 312 service employees was collected from 51 Taiwanese and Vietnamese companies spanning different industries. Given the multilevel characteristics of the data structure, hierarchical linear modeling was used to rigorously test the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate a significant contribution of customer incivility to employees' negative emotions. Notably, this impact is more pronounced among employees in organizations characterized by low power distance compared to those in organizations with high power distance.

Originality/value

This research significantly advances our understanding of the emotional repercussions of customer incivility on employees by integrating cognitive–motivational–relational theory and organizational culture perspectives. The findings not only provide valuable theoretical insights but also offer practical implications for effectively managing employee well-being in culturally diverse contexts. The study recognizes certain limitations and puts forth suggestions for future research directions.
Novel additive lamination manufacturing system for rapid fabrication of large-scale reinforced structural members
Authors: Xin Zhuoyang , Zhu Guanqi , Hsueh Yun Chung , Luo Dan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Additive lamination manufacturing (ALM), as a novel additive manufacturing technology, builds up the geometry via the lamination of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) fabric laterally, rendering it suitable for fabricating large-scale Stay-in-Place concrete formwork. This paper aims to investigate the control parameters and structure performance of ALM and assess its application for the fabrication of large-scale concrete formwork.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on previous feasibility studies, this research systematically investigates the control and material parameters that influence horizontal and vertical extrusion speeds, as well as the overall quality of ALM. Once the system parameters are established, a series of prototypes are fabricated and tested to validate the tensile strength of the formwork and its reinforcement capabilities. In addition, this study assesses the potential geometric freedom and implementation constraints of ALM.

Findings

This research identifies the essential control parameters for path planning in ALM and examines their impact on fabrication. In addition, this paper evaluates ALM’s strengths and limitations in producing concrete formwork for large-scale concrete structures, comparing these to industry benchmarks.

Originality/value

A critical challenge in additive manufacturing lies in its scalability and compatibility with existing construction processes. In comparison to concrete, FRP offers advantages such as being lighter, easier to handle and providing surface protection and reinforcement. These qualities make FRP superior for formwork and compatible with existing building standards. Despite its advantages and potential, the current path planning and control model in 3D printing do not apply to ALM due to its novel build-up process. Also, the performance of fabricated parts as part of integrated large-scale structures is yet to be studied.
Design and manufacture of equine hand prosthesis by additive manufacturing
Authors: Benegra Denadai Bruno , Foggiatto José Aguiomar , Triches Dornbusch Peterson , Pioli Torres Maria Fernanda , Luersen Marco Antônio
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to design and manufacture an equine hand prosthesis using additive manufacturing, with an estimated useful life of one year. This approach offers a fast and affordable manufacturing alternative while ensuring the horse's safety, comfort and functionality.

Design/methodology/approach

The ground reaction force and the frequency of a horse’s walking were obtained from the literature. Mechanical tests were conducted on specimens with different manufacturing directions to determine the mechanical properties of the printed material. Finite element simulations, along with fatigue equations were used to design a geometry that respected the stress constraints. Subsequently, a prototype was manufactured in thermoplastic polyurethane using additive manufacturing technique.

Findings

With the aid of the proposed methodology, a new low-cost equine hand prosthesis is developed, and a prototype is manufactured. And in accordance with the design requirements, this prosthesis is intended to exhibit proper durability.

Social implications

This work presents an alternative way for horses facing amputation, offering a solution where euthanasia can be avoided through the use of a prosthesis to replace a part of the amputated limb. This approach could not only extend the reproductive life of matrices with high commercial value but also preserve the lives of animals with sentimental value to the owner.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study of an equine hand prosthesis model designed for and manufactured by additive manufacturing.
Killing two birds with one stone: gender diversity, information disclosures and financial distress
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Arora Akshita
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The escalating instances of financial distress (FD) in corporate houses across the globe, call for immediate attention from policymakers, practitioners and academics equally. This study aims to examine how board gender diversity (GD) and information disclosures (ID) interact with each other to drive FD.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors apply dynamic panel data analysis on a sample of 255 Indian-listed firms from 2016 to 2023 to arrive at the econometric results.

Findings

The main findings indicate that while ID exacerbates distress, GD reduces it. In addition, GD also interacts with ID to curtail the adverse effects of disclosures on FD. Therefore, GD acts like a stone that kills two birds simultaneously, first by reducing the distress directly and second by limiting the negative effects of disclosures on distress.

Originality/value

This study extends the understanding of the implications of GD and complements existing research by investigating its direct and indirect impact on FD. It builds on the analysis to propose that GD can foster resilience against adverse FD situations. The findings should apply to other emerging nations after careful consideration of country-specific factors.
“Do you practice what you preach?” The effects of celebrities’ pro-environmental messages on social media on young adults’ pro-environmental behavior
Authors: Quesada Baena Luis , Binder Alice , Neureiter Ariadne , Saumer Melanie , Matthes Jörg
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Celebrities communicating about environmental sustainability on social media have the power to inspire young adults to engage in pro-environmental behavior, such as reducing their consumption behavior or only buying local and organic food. However, at the same time, celebrities’ carbon-rich and luxurious lifestyles might generate skepticism when they preach about environmental action. Thus, this study aims to shed light on the effects of celebrity pro-environmental messages on young adults’ perceived authenticity and greenwashing and, subsequently, on young adults’ pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, this study examined the moderation effect of congruent (vs incongruent) messages in the celebrity’s social media profile depicting an environmentally friendly (vs unfriendly) lifestyle.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a 3 (celebrity pro-environmental messages: with concrete action claim vs without vs control group) x 2 (celebrity message-lifestyle congruence: congruent vs incongruent) between-subjects experimental study (N = 400) with young adults (16–26 years old).

Findings

Results showed a significant positive effect of celebrity pro-environmental messages with concrete green action claims on authenticity perceptions only when the social media profile depicted a congruent environmentally friendly lifestyle. Moreover, higher perceived authenticity of the celebrity by social media audiences led to a higher likelihood of young adults’ engagement in pro-environmental behavior.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to consider celebrity message characteristics and young adults’ perceptions of authenticity and greenwashing when investigating the effects of celebrity pro-environmental messages on young adults’ pro-environmental behavior.
Perspectives of Japanese patients on psoriatic disease burden: Results from “Psoriasis and Beyond,” the Global Psoriatic Disease Survey
Authors: Okuse Masanori , Soekawa Masayuki , Itakura Asako , Kawamura Taisuke , Mburu Sicily , Frade Susan , Okubo Yukari
Published: September 2024

Psoriatic disease (PsD) is a chronic disease affecting skin (psoriasis) and joints (psoriatic arthritis, PsA) that has a significant impact on patients' quality of life (QOL). We report findings from the Japanese subgroup of patients included in Psoriasis and Beyond: The Global Psoriatic Disease Survey, a cross‐sectional, quantitative online survey of patients with self‐reported, healthcare professional (HCP)‐diagnosed, moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, with or without PsA. Eligible patients who were recruited online completed a 25‐min internet‐based survey in Japanese. We assessed patients' understanding of the systemic nature of PsD, disease burden, perception towards their HCPs, treatment expectations, and satisfaction with care. Of the 148 patients, 74% were females. In total, 65% of patients were aware of the systemic nature of their disease. A minority of patients (27%) were aware that PsA was related to their psoriasis, and 30% and 42% of patients were unaware of any manifestations and comorbidities, respectively, related to PsD. Overall, 21% of patients reported that their disease has a “very large” to “extremely large” impact on their QOL (assessed by Dermatology Life Quality Index score), while the majority (61%) reported a “small” effect or “no effect” at all on QOL. Patients experienced stigma and discrimination and had a negative impact on relationships due to PsD. More patients with psoriasis and concomitant PsA (66%) were satisfied with their current treatment than those with psoriasis alone (46%). Overall, 41% of patients were not involved in deciding their treatment goals. These results suggest that Japanese patients may not be fully aware of the systemic nature of PsD, its manifestations and comorbidities. While these patients were somewhat satisfied with their current treatment, they were only occasionally consulted in deciding treatment goals. Policy measures are required to address the stigma and discrimination experienced by patients. Increased patient participation in their care supports shared decision‐making and enhanced treatment outcomes.
The Work of Whiteness1
Authors: Morgan Helen
Published: September 2024

The division of the races, created for the economic and political purposes of justifying slavery and colonialism, is a deep, entrenched, social structure which creates and promotes white privilege and is one within which we all live. No one can be free from it. This presentation is rooted in the assumption that the problem of racism today is a problem of whiteness and that it is an examination of this construct, therefore, which needs to be central to seeking a solution to this destructive dynamic. The work required of whiteness and the letting go of privilege is essential if we are to dismantle the system of racism that is so embedded within our society. I argue this is no altruistic endeavour but that, whilst clearly doing untold harm to people of colour, such a system also limits and distorts the development and individuation of white individuals and the society in which we are citizens.
Factors affecting UK anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress: a scoping review
Authors: Winter Sophie , Brennan Nicola , Gale Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background

Poor wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees impacts significantly on clinical performance, workforce retention and patient care. This study aimed to provide an overview of the evidence in this field and to explore the factors affecting wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and ERIC were searched, in addition to organisational websites. Literature reporting factors affecting wellbeing and stress in UK anaesthetic trainees from 2009 to present were included.

Results

Following exclusions, 45 studies were identified. Only five papers included qualitative analyses. Within these studies, 28 different phenomena related to wellbeing and stress were investigated. Thirty‐one different factors affecting anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress were identified in this review. These have been summarised as individual; training; clinical role; progression; work patterns; resources; rest; support; and cultural factors. External factors were described as affecting wellbeing and stress more frequently than internal factors. The most frequently cited individual factors were fatigue and pre‐existing health status.

Conclusions

The wide scope of phenomena of interest and measurement tools emphasises the challenge of defining and researching the concept of wellbeing. Despite these limitations, we have created a novel conceptual model of individual and external factors affecting UK anaesthetic trainees' wellbeing and stress. This supports an increased awareness and understanding of these factors, so that improvements can be made to practice and policy.
Aloperine protects the testis against testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Wei Shichao , Xiao Junshen , Ju Feng , Hu Zhaoyang
Published: September 2024

Background

Testicular torsion/detorsion can cause testis loss and infertility. Aloperine is a major active alkaloid extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn. It has been shown to have organ‐protective effects. However, the effects of aloperine on the testis and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objectives

This study investigated the effect of aloperine on testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats.

Materials and Methods

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized to the sham‐operated (sham), testicular I/R (TI/R), or aloperine preconditioning (ALOPre) or postconditioning (ALOPost) groups. All rats except for the sham‐operated rats were subjected to 3 h of right spermatic cord torsion (720°, clockwise), followed by 3 h of detorsion. Aloperine (10 mg/kg) was intravenously administered before testicular torsion (ALOPre) or at the onset of testicular detorsion (ALOPost). The therapeutic efficacy of aloperine was evaluated by histological analysis, oxidative stress evaluation, inflammatory response examination, apoptosis analysis, protein analysis, and immunohistological assessment.

Results

Compared with TI/R, aloperine protected both the ipsilateral and contralateral testes against unilateral testicular I/R, as evidenced by a reduced testicular weight to body weight (TW/BW) ratio (ALOPre: p = 0.0037; ALOPost: p = 0.0021) and volume (ALOPre: p = 0.0020; ALOPost: p = 0.0009), less structural damage with better Johnsen (ALOPre: p = 0.0013; ALOPost: p = 0.0021), and Cosentino scores (ALOPre: p < 0.0001; ALOPost: p < 0.0001), increased mean seminiferous tubule diameter and mean seminiferous tubule epithelial height, decreased testicular apoptosis, and less oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In addition, aloperine significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐3 in the ipsilateral testes following detorsion. Administration of Ag490 suppressed STAT‐3 phosphorylation, thereby abrogating the protective effects exerted by aloperine on the ipsilateral testis.

Discussion and Conclusion

Aloperine has a strong testicular protective effect on the ipsilateral and contralateral testes after testicular torsion/detorsion. This aloperine‐induced ipsilateral testicular protection is mediated via the STAT‐3 signaling pathway.
Outcomes following extended resection of radiation‐induced angiosarcoma of the breast: a sarcoma unit experience and systematic review
Authors: Mor Eyal , Baker Benjamin , Henderson Michael A. , Lazarakis Smaro , Mitchell Catherine , Speakman David , Zinn Richard , Webb Angela , Snow Hayden , Gyorki David E
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Radiation‐induced angiosarcoma (RIAS) of the breast is a rare tumour with high rate of local recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of radical resections.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent extended surgical resection for RIAS of the breast between 2013 and 2022. Included were patients who underwent radical resection, including complete resection of previously irradiated skin and underlying fascia of pectoralis major. Post‐operative and long‐term oncological outcomes were than analysed. A systematic review was performed using the MEDLINE database in the last 20 years.

Results

Twenty‐two (n = 22) patients met the inclusion criteria. The median length of the specimen was 220 mm (range, 120–377 mm). At a median follow‐up of 33.5 months (range, 7.9–102.4), 3 (13.6%) patients had both local and metastatic lung disease and 1 (4%) patient with only lung metastasis. The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year OS was 81.1% and 57.9%, respectively. The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year DSS was 91.7% and 65.5%, respectively. The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year DFS rate were both 75.2%. The systematic review identified 17 studies with a recurrence rate ranging from 33% to 100%.

Conclusions

Treatment of RIAS of the breast with an up‐front locally extended approach is associated with a low rate of local recurrence compared with the reported literature.
Letter: Enhancing cirrhosis management—The critical role of social workers in supporting NAFLD surveillance
Authors: Ye Senlin , Liu Jinli , Zhou Ruyi
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tran et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18024 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18265
Glycaemic control is a modifiable risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver‐related mortality in patients with diabetes
Authors: Mao Xianhua , Cheung Ka‐Shing , Tan Jing‐Tong , Mak Lung‐Yi , Lee Chi‐Ho , Chiang Chi‐Leung , Cheng Ho‐Ming , Hui Rex Wan‐Hin , Leung Wai K. , Yuen Man‐Fung , Seto Wai‐Kay
Published: September 2024

Background

Optimal glycaemic control has well‐established health benefits in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is uncertain whether optimal glycaemic control can benefit liver‐related outcomes.

Aims

To examine the association of optimal glycaemic control with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver‐related mortality.

Methods

In a population‐based cohort, we identified patients with newly diagnosed DM between 2001 and 2016 in Hong Kong. Optimal glycaemic control was defined as mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <7% during the 3‐year lead‐in period after DM diagnosis. By applying propensity score matching to balance covariates, we analysed glycaemic control via competing risk models with outcomes of interest being HCC and liver‐related mortality.

Results

We identified 146,430 patients (52.2% males, mean age 61.4 ± 11.8 years). During a median follow‐up duration of 7.0 years, 1099 (0.8%) and 978 (0.7%) patients developed HCC and liver‐related deaths. Optimal glycaemic control, when compared to suboptimal glycaemic control, was associated with reduced risk of HCC (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.79). The risk of HCC increased with incremental HbA1c increases beyond >7% (SHR 1.29–1.71). Significant associations with HCC were also found irrespective of age (SHR 0.54–0.80), sex (SHR 0.68–0.69), BMI <25 or ≥25 kg/m2 (SHR 0.63–0.75), smoking (SHR 0.61–0.72), hepatic steatosis (SHR 0.67–0.68) and aspirin/statin/metformin use (SHR 0.67–0.75). A lower risk of liver‐related mortality in relation to optimal glycaemic control was also observed (SHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.80).

Conclusions

Glycaemic control is an independent risk factor for HCC and liver‐related mortality, and should be incorporated into oncoprotective strategies in the general DM population.
Letter: Enhancing cirrhosis management—The critical role of social workers in supportingNAFLDsurveillance: Authors' reply
Authors: Tran Sally , Henry Linda , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Tran et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18024andhttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18245.
Medication adherence for people with acquired communication disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Bell Shauna , Sahm Laura J. , Moriarty Frank , Kelly Helen
Published: September 2024

Conditions such as stroke, dementia and neurodegeneration are major contributors to the incidence of acquired communication disorders in Europe. Pharmacological interventions play a central role in the management and treatment of these conditions, though many patients with an acquired communication disorder may be at a higher risk of medication non‐adherence than their peers. The objectives of the current review were to identify, in the context of people with acquired communication disorders: factors that influence medication adherence; current interventions targeting medication adherence; and current measures of medication adherence. This study was conducted and reported in accordance with both PRISMA and SWiM guidelines. Two authors independently screened the results of a literature search, assessed risk of bias and extracted relevant data. Eight studies were identified for inclusion. The results of this review indicate that patient‐related factors are most indicative of medication non‐adherence in a population with acquired communication disorders, followed by socioeconomic factors and medication‐related factors. Despite the recognized importance of medication adherence, no gold standard of assessment or intervention currently exists for this population. Half of the included studies replaced patients with communication difficulties with caregiver proxies, thus reducing opportunities for patients to have agency over their own healthcare. The term “acquired communication disorders” encompasses a range of conditions with diverse aetiologies, presentations and needs, and future research should be tailored to specific patient groups most at risk of medication non‐adherence, namely those with aphasia and cognitive‐communication impairments. Patients should be empowered to participate in future research to ensure the literature accurately represents their lived experience.
Integrating chemokines and machine learning algorithms for diagnosis and bleeding assessment in primary immune thrombocytopenia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wen Qing , Sun Ting , Chen Jia , Li Yang , Liu Xiaofan , Li Huiyuan , Fu Rongfeng , Liu Wei , Xue Feng , Ju Mankai , Dong Huan , Dai Xinyue , Wang Wentian , Chi Ying , Yang Renchi , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2024

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder, and chemokines have been shown to be dysregulated in autoimmune disorders. We conducted a prospective analysis to identify potential chemokines that could enhance the diagnostic accuracy and bleeding evaluation in ITP patients. In the discovery cohort, a Luminex‐based assay was employed to quantify concentrations of plasma multiple chemokines. These levels were subjected to comparative analysis using a cohort of 60 ITP patients and 17 patients with thrombocytopenia other than ITP (non‐ITP). Additionally, comparative evaluation was conducted between a subgroup of 12 ITP patients characterised by bleeding episodes (ITP‐B, as defined by an ITP‐2016 bleeding grade ≥2) and 33 ITP patients without bleeding episodes (ITP‐NB, as defined by an ITP‐2016 bleeding grade ≤1). Machine learning algorithms further identified CCL20, interleukin‐2, CCL26, CCL25, and CXCL1 as promising indicators for accurate diagnosis of ITP and CCL21, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL3, and CCL15 as biomarkers for assessing bleeding risk in ITP patients. The results were confirmed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in a validation cohort (43 ITP patients and 19 non‐ITP patients). Overall, the findings suggest that specific chemokines show promise as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and bleeding evaluation in ITP patients.