bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short and medium term functional capacity after single cycle of controlled physical training in subjects with claudication
Authors: Carlon Roberto , Olivieri Armando , Benacchio Luca , Zanchetta Mario
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND. Previous studies have shown the positive effect of exercise rehabilitation in patients with claudication, but uncertainties remain surrounding the optimal exercise program strategy and the persistence of the benefits over time. The purpose of the present study has been to prospectively assess the feasibility of short-course intensive supervised exercise training beyond pain threshold and to verify the maintenance of walking capacity during a medium term follow-up. METHODS. Ninety patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral artery disease were enrolled in a supervised intensive exercise training. Seventy six of them (67 ± 7 years, 64 male and 12 female, 48 with bilateral claudication) performed a graded treadmill testing at baseline and after 3 months. Sixty patients completed also a specific questionnaire (Walking Impairement Questionnarie). After a mean follow-up of 2.6 years, fifty six patients repeated treadmill testing and 24 patients repeated the questionnaire. RESULTS. After training, the patients showed a 91% and 53% increase in the initial and absolute claudication distance time, respectively (p=0.0000). At follow-up there was no change in the initial claudication distance time, whereas absolute claudication distance time was reduced by only 13% (p=0.0001). All items of the questionnaire showed a statistically significant improvement after training (from 30 to 71%) and remained unchanged at follow-up. Sixty seven percent of the patients were considered responder, 15% partial responder and 18% no-responder to exercise training, whereas at follow- up these percentages were 55%, 13% and 32%, respectively. These results after training and at follow-up were independent from age, sex, smoke, hypertension, coronary artery disease and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS. Our findings confirm that a short supervised exercise therapy in the form of walking out over pain threshold is effective in maximizing the walking time of the majority of patients with intermittent claudication, independently of demographic data and their associated cardiac risk factors or comorbidities. After a mean follow-up of 2.6 years there was only a minor reduction of absolute claudication distance time and no modification of initial claudication distance time and questionnaire’s score, despite the fact that none of these patients were contacted by the rehabilitation centre after their physical training period.
A software system to teach economics to secondary school and first year engineering students
Authors: García-March M.A. , Zacarés M. , Isidro J.M. , Monreal Ll. , López-Javier C.I. , Arevalillo-Herráez M.
Published: January 2016

Presentamos una interfaz gráfica desarrollada mediante Matlab diseñada para complementar el aprendizaje de los conceptos básicos de economía en Bachillerato, grado superior de ciclos formativos y cursos universitarios de introducción a la economía. La aplicación informática permite que los estudiantes varíen los parámetros de los que dependen las curvas de oferta y demanda, y visualicen el efecto sobre el equilibrio de mercado de estas variaciones. Se presentan los resultados de una primera experiencia de aplicación del programa en enseñanza secundaria en España.
Modelos geométricos para el aprendizaje de movimientos en el plano
Authors: Delgado O.
Published: January 2016

En geometría moderna, la relación entre la estructura algebraica de los elementos geométricos y la descripción física de estos mismos es a menudo demasiado abstracta para que se pueda explicar usando sólo su representación matricial. En este artículo presentamos algunas herramientas para la enseñanza de los movimientos en el plano. Junto con los elementos matemáticos abstractos (vectores, matrices,...), el archivo pdf que facilitamos proporciona modelos sencillos para la explicación y autoaprendizaje de esta materia mediante los efectos de movimiento que se añaden a los dibujos que aparecen en el modelo.
Un modelo de transmisión de plagas para la enseñanza del álgebra lineal en el contexto de estudios en ciencias ambientales
Authors: Boigues Francisco J. , Estruch Vicente D. , Roig Bernardino , Vidal Anna
Published: January 2016

La Matemática Aplicada aparece como materia básica en los planes de estudio de los títulos de Grado en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Aunque el hecho no esté directa y estrictamente ligado a la nueva estructura de las enseñanzas, por diversas razones se impone la dinámica de potenciar aspectos tales como la enseñanza en contexto o recurrir a la modelización matemática desde perspectivas de mejora del rendimiento docente. En este trabajo presentamos un modelo de transmisión de plagas, dirigido a estudiantes de primer curso del Grado en Ciencias Ambientales, como elemento motivador que, además, integra numerosas nociones y tópicos que se estudian en el Algebra Lineal dentro de un entorno significativo de las matemáticas. Para la génesis instrumental del modelo se recurre al programa MatlabQc ). Los resultados concretos obtenidos en el aula indican que la introducción de la modelización en la enseñanza de la Matemática Aplicada refuerza el que los estudiantes perciban que las matemáticas son útiles para afrontar otras disciplinas.
Propuesta de modelización: Reflexión de ondas por una superficie rugosa
Authors: Garcia-Raffi L.M. , Romero-García V.
Published: January 2016

Dentro del marco de los nuevos planes de estudio, donde el activo del aprendizaje es el alumno, se propone una práctica de modelización para trabajar conceptos básicos de matemáticas y física en los primeros cursos Universitarios. La práctica consiste en la modelización de la reflexión de ondas por superficies rugosas. En un primer estadio de la práctica se analiza la reflexión por una superficie totalmente plana usando conceptos geométricos y físicos. La onda reflejada por la superficie plana se calcula a partir de las ondas emitidas por una fuente virtual colocada en la posición totalmente simétrica a la posición de la fuente respecto a la superficie especular. Para el cálculo de la onda reflejada se introducen conceptos de probabilidad. La reflexión de la onda por una superficie rugosa se obtiene a partir de las ondas emitidas por diferentes fuentes virtuales para cada punto de reflexión.  Cursos de arquitectura y de ingeniería básica, o incluso algún máster de acústica, son marcos excepcionales para la aplicación de esta práctica.
Herramientas de la teoría de grafos para la modelización
Authors: Jordan Cristina , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: January 2016

Dentro de la teoría de grafos las redes ocupan un papel destacado por la amplia variedad de problemas que resuelven. En esta ocasión presentamos varios de estos problemas, algunos sin relación aparente a priori con la definición clásica de red. Están enunciados en contextos reales y su resolución pasa, en primer lugar, por definir un grafo que represente la situación, teniendo presente, puesto que influye en su definición, el objetivo a determinar. Una vez modelizado el problema, ya dentro de la teoría de grafos, es el momento de aplicar las técnicas o métodos estudiados. Este tipo de problemas, además de incentivar el interés del alumno, le ayudan a vislumbrar la amplia aplicabilidad de las redes y le entrenan en general en el uso de la modelización.
Applied mathematical modelling for Industrial Engineers
Authors: Mula Josefa , Poler Raúl
Published: January 2016

El aprendizaje de técnicas de modelización matemática puede resultar en un proceso largo y tedioso para estudiantes de Ingeniería de Organización Industrial. Es necesario combinar de una forma equilibrada las enseñanzas teóricas con el modelado de casos de estudio reales. Para hacer más flexible el proceso de enseñanza teórica, se proporcionan herramientas multimedia de aprendizaje autónomo. Un factor clave es evolucionar de modelos simples resueltos a través de programas educativos, tales como WinQSB u hojas de cálculo con solucionadores embebidos a modelos más complejos desarrollados con diversos solucionadores comerciales (CPLEX, GUROBI, XPRESS, etc.) El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar una metodología innovadora para enseñar técnicas de modelización matemática basada en: (a) el equilibrio de las enseñanzas teóricas y prácticas; (b) el uso de herramientas multimedia autodidácticas; y (c) la formulación y resolución de casos de estudio reales a través de diferentes solucionadores.
Trayectorias modelizadoras en la ESO
Authors: Sol Manel , Giménez Joaquín , Rosich Núria
Published: January 2016

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre las competencias modelizadoras de alumnos de la ESO con dificultades de aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Para ello se analizan las memorias escritas de sus actividades de modelización que hemos denominado Proyectos Matemáticos Realísticos. En especial se estudian las acciones que realizan los alumnos en la ejecución de su proyecto. La secuencia de todas las acciones que llevan a cabo los escolares lo hemos denominado  ”Ruta Modelizadora”. Para su análisis hemos establecido una ruta hipotética que los alumnos de la ESO, como modelizadores no expertos, pueden llevar a cabo en un proceso de modelización completo. Esta ruta hipotética, formada por 16 acciones, la hemos utilizado como un instrumento de análisis. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que todos los alumnos son capaces de llevar a cabo sus proyectos matemáticos aunque se observan diferencias en los procesos que siguen.
De paseo con los Bourbaki
Authors: Escudero Miquel
Published: January 2016

Setenta y siete años después de la fundación del grupo Bourbaki, procedemos a una reflexión que puede ser útil para los estudiantes que acaso no sepan de su existencia, ni tan siquiera los de matemáticas. Sería interesante conocer que a este grupo se le debe el signo del vacío como conjunto. Con todo lo discutible que sea el método Bourbaki en su reinterpretación de la matemática, no cabe duda de su importante repercusión hasta el punto de que ha marcado una época. Hay un antes y un después tras su irrupción, ningún matemático de primera fila de la segunda mitad del siglo XX fue ajeno a su influjo, para encabezarlo o para reprobarlo. Comenzaron como una juvenil extravagancia, pero repleta de conocimientos y con decidida voluntad de aprehender el rigor de forma exhaustiva.
Experiencia Praktikum Ingeniería Industrial 2010: Proyecto sobre control de un tubo levitador
Authors: Hueso Navarro M. Carmen , Sanchís Sáez Javier
Published: January 2016

La presente comunicación pretende dar a conocer el desarrollo de un proyecto sobre Control Automático dentro del Programa “Praktikum 2010-Ingeniería Industrial”, en el departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática (DISA) de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales (ETSII), en la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). El proyecto está dirigido a un alumnado de 1o de bachillerato y consiste en la implementación de un sistema de control en bucle cerrado para mantener una pieza que levita en el interior de un tubo en una posición de referencia determinada.
¿Qué pueden ofrecer los modelos basados en agentes vivos en el contexto docente?
Authors: Ginovart Gisbert Marta
Published: January 2016

Los sistemas biológicos o sistemas formados por entidades vivas (individuos) son sistemas complejos, tanto por la “complejidad” que cada individuo o agente vivo tiene, como por las posibles relaciones que se pueden establecer entre ellos, así como por las posibles relaciones con el entorno o medioambiente en el que estos individuos se desarrollan, viven, compiten y mueren, y que por tanto, modifican como resultado de sus acciones. Este trabajo se basa en la experiencia acumulada en los últimos años en el uso de modelos basados en agentes en el ámbito de los biosistemas en la Universidad Politècnica de Catalunya. El objetivo es ofrecer elementos de estudio y discusión para poder responder a las siguientes preguntas: 1) ¿Qué son los modelos basados en agentes vivos?, 2) ¿Cómo se puede trabajar con estos modelos computacionales en el aula?, y 3) ¿Qué pueden ofrecer estos modelos en un entorno educativo? Asimismo, se proporciona información y referencias específicas para facilitar la incorporación de este tipo de modelo en planes de estudios con diferentes niveles de instrucción matemática y biológica, como complemento a otras metodologías de modelización.
El arte de la crítica: Rubén Darío y sus crónicas desconocidas del Salón de 1895 para "La Prensa"
Authors: Caresani Rodrigo Javier
Published: January 2016

Bajo el impulso que ha llevado a los estudios recientes sobre el modernismo latinoamericano a reevaluar el sentido de los flujos culturales desde las capitales de la modernidad hacia sus periferias –desestimando categorías como las de “influencia”, “exotismo” y “torremarfilismo”, estereotipos que por décadas nublaron la comprensión crítica de esta estética-, el presente trabajo se propone indagar una práctica persistente en los principales escritores del movimiento. Se trata de la crítica pictórica modernista, género que abordamos a partir del análisis de un corpus poco conocido, las siete crónicas que Rubén Darío publica en el diario La Prensa a propósito de la tercera exposición de arte del Ateneo de Buenos Aires. Nuestra hipótesis propone que los raros creadores de imágenes retratados por Darío a fines de 1895 funcionan como contrapunto visual de las semblanzas de escritores excéntricos que un año después integran el fundamental volumen Los raros (1896). En este temprano “salón”, que reproducimos completo acompañado de notas explicativas, el poeta faro del modernismo ensaya y consolida su apuesta transculturadora de la tradición universal –ahora aplicada a los Salones (1845-1859) de Charles Baudelaire y al monumental proyecto de John Ruskin en Los pintores modernos (1843-1860)- para legitimar desde otro subgénero de la crónica modernista una nueva figura de crítico-escritor, en disidencia con el modelo iluminista del “letrado”.
Del Fichero supremo a la Biblioteca de Babel: Salaverría, precursor de Borges
Authors: Martín Rodríguez Mariano
Published: January 2016

A juzgar por alguna declaración más bien negativa de Borges sobre la literatura española, se podría creer que esta no influyó demasiado en él. Sin embargo, existen indicios de que pudo haberse inspirado también en determinados escritores españoles coetáneos hoy casi olvidados. Uno de ellos pudo ser José María Salaverría, entre cuyos relatos destaca “El fichero supremo” (1926), del que se ha dicho que “anticipa algunas de las preocupaciones características de un tipo de relato que Jorge Luis Borges elevará años después a la máxima categoría estética”. De hecho, recuerda a “La biblioteca de Babel” (1941) borgiana por su planteamiento hasta el punto de que podría pensarse que el maestro argentino pudo tener presente, a la hora de escribir esa obra maestra, ese cuento de Salaverría, el cual se publicó por primera vez en Caras y Caretas, una revista porteña que Borges reconoció “devorar” en su juventud. Sin embargo, el interés mayor de la comparación entre “El fichero supremo” y “La biblioteca de Babel” no radica tanto en el carácter de posible fuente del primero como en el contraste entre sus formas de presentación narrativa: desde fuera y en tercera persona en Salaverría, en un marco realista; y desde dentro y en primera persona, prácticamente sin marco, en Borges. Este parece desarrollar, en el registro propio de la “imaginación razonada” descrito por él mismo, una virtualidad presente en el relato de Salaverría, cuya comparación con “La biblioteca de Babel” puede suscitar también alguna reflexión sobre el enigma de la identidad y el carácter de la voz enunciadora de la biblioteca universal de Babel. Al menos, esta parece haber hecho realidad en cierto modo, de forma sublime, el patético sueño divino del archivero imaginado por Salaverría.
"Bobok" y "Pedro Páramo", dos narraciones sobre muertos
Authors: Nogales-Baena José Luis
Published: January 2016

El presente estudio realiza un análisis comparativo entre la novela del mexicano Juan Rulfo, Pedro Páramo (1955), y un cuento del escritor ruso Dostoievski que trata también el tema del Más allá, titulado Bobok (1873). Paralelamente, se trabaja con la posibilidad de que el relato ruso hubiese podido ser una más de las fuentes literarias de la novela mexicana, y se trata de determinar las posibles conexiones -directas o indirectas- entre las dos obras. Ambas son puestas en común por su género literario, y a partir de ahí se estudian los elementos constitutivos que tienen en común, sus afinidades y divergencias más llamativas.
Phytoplankton from Vam Co River in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Dao Thanh-Son , Bui Thi-Nhu-Phuong
Published: January 2016

In this study we investigated the variation of phytoplankton and the water quality in Vam Co River, Southern Vietnam. Phytoplankton were bi-monthly monitored in 2011 at 12 sampling sites in the river. Some basic environmental parameters were also monitored including temperature, pH, turbidity, inorganic nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus. The phytoplankton biodiversity and Diatomeae indices were applied for environmental quality evaluation. The results showed that temperature ranged from 28.7 – 31.9 °C during the monitoring. The pH and turbidity were in between 3.9 – 7.0 and 2 – 64 NTU, respectively. The nitrate and ammonium concentrations were from 0.06 – 1.21 and 0.03 – 1.15 mg/L, respectively. The phosphate concentration was between 0.02 and 0.37 mg/L. The environmental parameters were favorable for phytoplankton development. The phytoplankton analyses showed that there were 290 species of diatoms, green algae, golden algae, yellow algae, euglenoids, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria of which green algae and diatoms were dominant in species number. Phytoplankton density ranged from 920 – 383 600 individuals/L with the main dominant species of diatoms. The biodiversity index values during the monitoring were from 0.15 – 3.80 characterized for oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions whereas the Diatomeae index values were more than 0.2 indicating for the eutrophic characteristic of the aquatic environment. Besides, phytoplankton species number positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with nitrate concentration. Additionally, the biodiversity positively correlated with temperature and species number, but negatively correlated with nitrate and phytoplankton abundance. The results confirmed the advantage of using phytoplankton and their indices for environmental monitoring and water quality assessment.

 
Cine: Múnich
Authors: Morales Peña Juan Carlos
Published: January 2016

Revista Policía y Seguridad Pública 5(2) 2015: 533-537
Analysis of Stormwater Management Systems: Sustainable Approaches for Wuhan, China
Authors: Sheng Rong , Nawari Nawari O.
Published: January 2016

With the rapid pace of urbanization and drastic transformation of economic form, Wuhan, a central city of China is facing serious inland inundation problems in recent decades. This study intends to alleviate Wuhan’s storm water management problems in a sustainable way and give suggestions as to the improvement of residential area storm water management and lakeside wetland protection. Based on the data provided by Geographical Information System, analysis is done to the land form of the whole city and the change of its lake areas, which evidently demonstrates the influences of economic development on the natural environment of the city and reveals the causes of the inundation problems. Taking the population growth, land use and climate change into consideration, this research argues that strategies such as green roof fostering, neighbor-hood water reuse and wetland conservation can make a difference in stormwater drainage and prevention of inland inundation in Wuhan.
Drought Hazard Mapping from Regional Climate Multimodel Ensemble over Spain
Authors: Garcia Galiano Sandra G. , Giraldo Osorio Juan Diego , Olmos Gimenez Patricia
Published: January 2016

Improving the knowledge about the impacts of climate change on extreme drought events at basin scale, is important for decision makers in order to develop drought contingency plans which are the leading edge of adaptive management strategy. Considering high-resolution grids of observed daily rainfall and information provided by latest-generation Regional Climate Models (RCMs), the changes in the spatio-temporal patterns of extreme droughts in peninsular Spain are assessed. The non-stationarity character of time series, due to climate and anthropogenic changes, is represented by probabilistic models considering the time evolution of probability density function (PDF) parameters fitted to annual maximum lengths of dry spells time series. By a PDF ensemble from 17 RCMs, the spatio-temporal variability exhibited by the RCMs is represented. Scoring of models is based in the goodness-of-fit to CDFs (cumulative distribution functions) of observed annual maximum dry spells lengths. The reliability and skills of RCMs are assessed, for building the PDF ensemble, at grid site for the study area. Therefore, by adjusting PDF to series of annual maximum dry spells lengths, applying GAMLSS and bootstrapping techniques, the assessment of regional changes and trends associated to high returns periods (Tr = 25 and 50 yr.) is assessed. In general, an intensification of drought events for 2050 horizon, in contrast with 1990, is expected. By increasing return periods, the length of the annual maximum dry spells rises, albeit with a smaller number of areas with significant differences. The areas prone to extreme droughts in mainland Spain are identified.
Utilizing Modular Neural Network for Prediction of Possible Emergencies Locations within Point of Interest of Hajj Pilgrimage
Authors: Abubakar Adamu , Chiroma Haruna , Khan Abdullah , Fatihu Hamza Mukhtar , Baba Dauda Ali , Nadeem Mahmood , Asadullah Shah , Zubairu Maitama Jaafar , Herawan Tutut
Published: January 2016

This paper utilize modular neural network for prediction of possible emergencies locations during hajj pilgrimage. Available location, localization and positioning determination systems become increasingly important for use in day-to-day activities. These systems dwells on various scientific tools which ensure that the systems will provide accurate response to the needed service at the right time. Unfortunately, some tools were faced with drawbacks, either their use was not appropriate or they do not give reliable results, or the results obtained in certain scenario might not be apply to other scenarios. For this reasons, we utilize modular neural network tool to examine the analysis of determining possible emergencies locations within point of Interest of Hajj Pilgrimage in Meccah Saudi Arabia. The prediction results are generated by the use of longitude, latitude and distances as the dataset. Modular neural network takes longitude and latitude as inputs and predict distances within pilgrim’s possible point of interest. The learning systems were trained on the collected data. Experimental investigation demonstrated that modular network produce higher prediction accuracy compaired to other tools. This finding would contribute to the design of add-on applications which will deem to provide location based services for possible emergencies locations.
Effects of electrical and optical properties of thickness condition of ZnO nanorod array layer for efficient electrochemical luminescence cell device
Authors: Choi Hye Su , Chansri Pakpoom , Sung Youl Moon
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we report on electrochemical luminescence (ECL) cells with a ZnO nanorod (ZNR) layer. The investigated ECL cells were composed of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) glass/Ru(II)/ZNRs/FTO glass, which used a ZNR layer as an electrode and the Ru(II) complex [Ru(bpy)3
2+] as a light-emitting material. The ECL cells were fabricated by changing the thickness of ZNRs from 5 to 12.5 µm. The luminescence property of the ECL cells was strongly affected by the variation in the thickness of the ZNR layer. The threshold voltage for the light emission from the ECL cells was 2 V for 10 µm thick ZNRs, which was lower than that of the thickness of the ECL cells without a ZNR layer. Also, the intensity of luminance from the ECL cells with ZNRs was much higher than that from the ECL cells without ZNRs at the same operating voltage. The efficiency of the ECL cells without ZNRs measured at 3 V was 0.0049 lm/W, while those of the ECL cells with ZNRs were 0.0121, 0.0157, 0.0354, and 0.024 lm/W for the ZNRs layer thicknesses 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 µm, respectively. However, the peak light intensity at the wavelength was 623 nm which had not affected the all ZNRs thicknesses. The best lifetime of the ECL cells with these thicknesses was 40 min for ZNRs 10 µm. The use of the ZNR layer in the ECL cells significantly improves the luminescence performance.
Climate Change and Preventable Injuries
Authors: Chekuri Bhargavi , O’Connor Terry , Lemery Jay
Published: September 2024

This JAMA Insights investigates the increased rates of climate change–related preventable injury and the importance of emergency and disaster preparedness as well as injury and violence prevention.
RSV Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization Among US Adults 60 Years and Older
Authors: Surie Diya , Self Wesley H. , Zhu Yuwei , Yuengling Katharine A. , Johnson Cassandra A. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Dawood Fatimah S. ,   Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network, Gaglani Manjusha , Ghamande Shekhar , McNeal Tresa , Columbus Cristie , Gottlieb Robert L. , Steingrub Jay S. , DeCuir Jennifer , McMorrow Meredith L. , Ellington Sascha , Lewis Nathaniel M. , Duggal Abhijit , Busse Laurence W. , Bender William S. , Prekker Matthew E. , Frosch Anne , Peltan Ithan D. , Brown Samuel M. , Hager David N. , Gong Michelle N. , Mohamed Amira , Khan Akram , Hough Catherine L. , Wilson Jennifer G. , Mosier Jarrod M. , Qadir Nida , Chang Steven Y. , Ginde Adit A. , Mohr Nicholas M. , Zepeski Anne , Mallow Christopher , Lauring Adam S. , Martin Emily T. , Leis Aleda M. , Harris Estelle S. , Johnson Nicholas J. , Srinivasan Vasisht , Talbot H. Keipp , Halasa Natasha , Chappell James D. , Womack Kelsey N. , Rhoads Jillian P. , Baughman Adrienne , Swan Sydney A. , Rice Todd W. , Casey Jonathan D. , Blair Paul W. , Gibbs Kevin W. , Kwon Jennie H. , Parikh Bijal , Vaughn Ivana A. , Ramesh Mayur , Safdar Basmah
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the respiratory syncytial virus vaccine against hospitalization for acute respiratory illness among US adults aged 60 years and older.
H5 Influenza Vaccines—Moving Forward Against Pandemic Threats
Authors: Goodman Jesse L. , Bright Rick A. , Lurie Nicole
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses H5 influenza vaccine use in light of the current outbreak and how vaccine development, stockpiling, and deployment could shape the US’ response to future pandemics.
Trends in Body Mass Index Among Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Lundström Sebastian , Cortese Samuele , Larsson Henrik
Published: September 2024

Importance

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are increasingly common. Individuals with NDDs have heightened obesity risks, but long-term data on body mass index (BMI) trends over time in this population are lacking.

Objective

To assess secular BMI changes from 2004 to 2020 among children with NDDs compared with those without NDDs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This repeated cross-sectional study used data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Children born between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2010, were screened for neurodevelopmental symptoms using the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and Other Comorbidities inventory between July 2004 and April 2020 when they were 9 or 12 years of age. Data analysis was conducted between September 27, 2023, and January 30, 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

BMI percentiles (15th, 50th, and 85th) were modeled using quantile regression and compared between youths with and without NDDs. Secular changes in BMI percentiles over time spanning 2004 to 2020 were evaluated and stratified by NDD subtype.

Results

The cohort included 24 969 Swedish twins (12 681 [51%] boys) born between 1992 and 2010, with mean (SD) age of 9 (0.6) years. Of these, 1103 (4%) screened positive for 1 or more NDDs, including ADHD, ASD, and/or learning disability. Results indicated that at the 85th BMI percentile, there was a greater increase in BMI from 2004 to 2020 among youths with NDDs compared with those without NDDs (β for interaction [βint] between NDD status and time, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.39-2.90). The greatest divergence was seen for ASD (βint, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.26-3.70) and learning disability (βint, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.65-3.82). Within the latest cohort (2016-2020), the 85th BMI percentile was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.08-2.89) points higher among children with NDDs compared with those without NDDs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this repeated cross-sectional study, at the higher end of the BMI distribution, children with NDDs had significantly greater increases in BMI compared with peers without NDDs over a 16-year period, highlighting an increasing risk of overweight over time in youths with NDDs compared with those without NDDs. Targeted obesity prevention efforts for this high-risk population are needed.
Risk of Suicide Across Medical Conditions and the Role of Prior Mental Disorder
Authors: Østergaard Søren Dinesen , Momen Natalie C. , Heide-Jørgensen Uffe , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
Published: September 2024

Importance

According to the World Health Organization, more than 700 000 individuals worldwide die by suicide each year. Medical conditions likely increase the risk of suicide.

Objective

To (1) provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates of the risk of suicide across a comprehensive range of medical conditions, (2) investigate whether there is a dose-response–like relationship at play (ie, the higher the disability burden due to medical morbidity, the higher the risk of suicide), and (3) determine if the risk of suicide with medical conditions is particularly pronounced among those who had mental disorder preceding the medical conditions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was an observational study of population-based data for all individuals living in Denmark at some point between 2000 and 2020. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.

Exposures

Thirty-one specific medical conditions as well as prior mental disorder.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was suicide. Associations between the 31 specific medical conditions, nested within 9 categories, and suicide were examined via Poisson regression, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Subsequent analyses included an interaction term to assess whether a previous hospital-treated mental disorder modified the associations. Finally, the association between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide was examined for those with and without prior mental disorder, respectively.

Results

A total of 6 635 857 individuals (3 337 613 females and 3 298 244 males) were included in the analyses of the associations between medical conditions and suicide. Except for endocrine disorders, all categories of medical conditions were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of suicide (which was most pronounced for gastrointestinal conditions [IRR, 1.7; 95% CI,1.5-1.8], cancer [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.6], and hematological conditions [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6]). Interaction between mental disorder and individual medical conditions did not seem to play a major role for suicide risk. For those without but not for those with mental disorder, there was a dose-response–like relationship between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide.

Conclusions and Relevance

Medical conditions are generally associated with increased risk of suicide in a dose-response–like manner. Individuals with hospital-treated mental disorder appear to be at such elevated risk of suicide that additional disability associated with medical conditions has little impact in this regard.
Pregnancy Outcomes from a Multidisciplinary Obstetric‐Medicine/Rheumatology Clinic in the United States: A Five‐Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Reed Griffin , Deeb Mery , Mathew Joyce , Rigby Kelsey , Cravens Elena , Raker Christina , Jafari‐Esfahani Shadi , Reginato Anthony M. , Tarabulsi Gofran , Cunha Joanne S.
Published: September 2024

Objective

At Women & Infants Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island, the Specialty Care in Pregnancy clinic combines obstetric‐medicine internists with rheumatologists to care for pregnant patients with rheumatologic conditions. These clinics are scarce, with only three known similar clinics in the United States. This study aims to characterize the population cared for in this clinic, identify interventions, and analyze pregnancy outcomes for the birthing parents and newborns.

Methods

A five‐year retrospective chart review was performed from January 1st, 2016, through December 31st, 2021.

Results

Of 81 patients, 62% had a clinically diagnosed rheumatic disorder. Of 87 patient visits, which included preconception, prenatal, and postpartum encounters, 54% of patients were taking conventional synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 17% were taking biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. New medications were started in 52% of patients. A total of 52% of pregnancies resulted in live births, with 2% resulting in miscarriages. Prematurity occurred in 19% of newborns, and 9% had intrauterine growth restriction.

Conclusion

Our study illustrates the benefits of multidisciplinary care in patients with rheumatologic disorders during their prenatal and perinatal periods. The expertise from both the obstetric‐medicine internists and rheumatologists was critical in making complex decisions that weighed the benefits of therapy against potential risks for the fetus. Our multidisciplinary approach resulted in doubling of the number of patients initiating disease modifying therapy and increased prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine and/or aspirin therapy, as recommended by current guidelines. Additional multidisciplinary clinics of this type would help coordinate care among physicians who frequently treat these high‐risk, unique patients and open the door for more research of this understudied population.
Elucidating Synergies of Single‐Atom Catalysts in a Model Thin Film Photoelectrocatalyst to Maximize Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Zichu , Law Cheryl Suwen , Zhao Yanzhang , Baron Jaimez Jairo Alberto , Talebian‐Kiakalaieh Amin , Li Haobo , Ran Jingrun , Jiao Yan , Abell Andrew D. , Santos Abel
Published: September 2024

Realization of the full potential of single‐atom photoelectrocatalysts in sustainable energy generation requires careful consideration of the design of the host material. Here, a comprehensive methodology for the rational design of photoelectrocatalysts using anodic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofilm as a model platform is presented. The properties of these nanofilms are precisely engineered to elucidate synergies across structural, chemical, optoelectronic, and electrochemical properties to maximize the efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). These findings clearly demonstrate that thicker TiO2 nanofilms in anatase phase with pits on the surface can accommodate single‐atom platinum catalysts in an optimal configuration to increase HER performance. It is also evident that the electrolyte temperature can further enhance HER output through thermochemical effect. A judicious design incorporating all these factors into one system gives rise to a ten‐fold HER enhancement. However, the reusability of the host photoelectrocatalyst is limited by the leaching of the Pt atom, worsening HER. Density‐functional theory calculations have provided insights into the mechanism underlying the experimental observations in terms of moderate hydrogen adsorption and enhanced gas generation. This improved understanding of the critical factors determining HER performance in a model photoelectrocatalyst paves the way for future advances in scalable and translatable photoelectrocatalyst technologies.
Genograms, culture, love and sisterhood: A conversation with Monica McGoldrick
Authors: Amorin‐Woods Deisy
Published: September 2024

Monica McGoldrick stands as a towering figure in the field of family therapy. Initially earning a Masters in Russian Studies, she then pivoted to social work and systems thinking. McGoldrick's illustrious career has been marked by significant contributions to family therapy, particularly through her work with family genograms, mapping family relationships and histories to identify patterns across generations. She expanded the use of genograms to incorporate cultural, ethnic and gender contexts, revolutionising the field. Her work emphasises understanding individuals within their historical, social and cultural contexts. She has authored multiple seminal texts, including ‘Ethnicity and family therapy’, and Genograms: Assessment and treatment, which are essential reading in family therapy training. McGoldrick has also been a trailblazer in addressing issues related to gender and power in family therapy. In this candid interview, she contextualises and frames her experience in a historical scaffold at a pivotal time in the evolution of family therapy. Monica details her involvement in the development of important endeavours such as the Multicultural Family Institute and the Women of Stonehenge where she emphasises the vital role of women in our community and the profound contribution of women in our profession, often dismissed and undervalued. We also discuss her notable contribution in the development and expansion of family genograms where she highlights the central and fundamental role of culture.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Nanocomposite as a Greatly Effective and Eco‐Friendly Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Preparation of Naphthopyranopyrimidine Derivatives as Polyaromatic Compounds
Authors: Hootifard Ghader , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Ahmadi Sayed Ali , Yahyazadehfar Mahdieh
Published: September 2024

In this study, a Fe‐MOF was synthesized via a coprecipitation procedure and then used as support for stabilizing Ag ions and producing three‐dimensional cluster bud Ag2O@Fe‐MOF nanoflower composite (3D CB Ag2O@Fe‐MOF NFC) by microwave irradiation. The synthesized 3D CB Ag2O@Fe‐MOF NFC was applied as a heterogeneous nano‐organocatalyst in green and new preparation of naphthopyranopyrimidines via three‐component condensation of aryl aldehydes, β‐naphthol, and barbituric acids in the solvent‐free conditions at 100°C. Convenience, solvent‐free conditions, good yield, and short reaction time make this strategy a promising candidate compared to other methods. The reusability and high efficiency of this catalyst four times without any notable loss of its activity makes this strategy attractive for large‐scale eco‐friendly applications.
Polyprenylated Benzophenones from Brazilian Red Propolis: Analytical Characterization and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Pires Loren M. , Santos Mario F. C. , Figueiredo Laisla R. , Faleiros Renata , Badoco Fernanda R. , Silva Karolinne B. , Ambrósio Sérgio R. , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , dos Santos Raquel A. , Veneziani Rodrigo C. S.
Published: September 2024

The present work describes the extraction of a polyprenylated benzophenone‐rich extract from Brazilian red propolis (ERPB), the development and validation of an RP‐HPLC‐UV method to characterize it, and its evaluation against breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231, as well as the normal counterpart MCF‐10 A. A mixture of gutifferone E and xanthochymol (1+2), and isolated oblongifolin B (3) were used as chemical standards for ERPB and were also evaluated. The concentrations of 1+2 and 3 corresponded to 16.68 % and 42.25 % of the total content of the extract, respectively, and the validation parameters evaluated were satisfactorily met. The cytotoxic effects of ERPB were assessed, and the obtained IC50 values were 19.58 μg/mL (MCF‐10 A), 11.56 μg/mL (MCF‐7), and 5.22 μg/mL (MDA‐MB‐231). In conclusion, ERPB exhibits promising cytotoxic effects on the tested breast cell lines. However, further investigation to elucidate its potential therapeutic applications and safety profile should be conducted.
Five Undescribed Sesquiterpenes with Anti‐Inflammasome Activity Isolated from Saussurea Laniceps
Authors: Zu Xuedan , Ding Ling , Zheng Bowen , Liang Zhongdan , Li Yan , Wu Xuewen , He Han , Zhang Xingjie , Li Xiaoli , Xiao Weilie
Published: September 2024

Five previously undescribed guaialactone‐type sesquiterpenes (1–5), called Lanicepsmines A–E, along with eleven know compounds (6–16), were isolated from the whole plant of Saussurea laniceps. NMR spectroscopic data analysis and MASS permitted the definition of their structures. The stereochemistry of the compounds was confirmed by ECD calculations. It is worth noting that compound 1 and 2 contain amino groups. Part of compounds were tested the anti‐inflammasome activity, and compound 14 exhibited potent activity and decreased LDH level in a dose‐dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.698 μM.
Eco‐sustainable Synthesis and Potential Efficiency of Some Novel N‐containing Heterocyclic Derivatives as Insecticidal and Photosensitizing Agents Against Musca domestica L.
Authors: Hassan A. M. A. , Abubshait Samar A. , Abdel‐Haleem Doaa R. , El‐Naggar Abeer M. , Hassaballah Aya I.
Published: September 2024

The rising application of conventional synthetic insecticides develops resistant populations of houseflies; therefore, using new chemical agents with different modes of action is essential to overcome this problem. The mechanical grinding technique was used as a green method, to synthesize the tested compounds because it is a more facile work‐up and high‐yield economy, simplicity and solvent‐free than conventional thermal technique. Various methods were employed to synthesize new heterocycles containing anthracene (a photosensitizing agent) from chalcone 3, a building block material such as the preparation of the pyrazole derivatives 4–7, isoxazole derivative 8, pyrimidines 9–11, and oxirane derivative 12. The novel synthesized compounds were analyzed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. Herein, the toxicity of the anthracene derivatives was assessed against Musca domestica larvae and adults in different conditions to demonstrate the effect of various inserted moieties on the efficiency of tested compounds. Furthermore, the influence of sunlight on the toxicity of anthracene was studied in dark and sunlight tests against adult houseflies. Moreover, these compounds diminished the total protein and lipids contents while significantly influencing the antioxidant enzymes activities of M. domestica adults. Structure‐activity relationships demonstrated the role of each moiety on the toxicity of compounds.
Development of chitosan‐based nanoparticles encapsulating Bacillus velezensis CMRP4490 metabolites for enhanced in vitro control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: de França Silva de Lima Gesiara , Michele Suzuki Rúbia , de Oliveira Junior Admilton Gonçalves , Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Defendi Rafael Oliveira , Gomes Maria Carolina Sérgi , Nicoletto Maria Luíza Abreu , Casagrande Sipoli Caroline
Published: September 2024

Modern agriculture seeks to control pests and diseases in the field while maintaining production, reducing the use of dangerous chemical molecules, and resorting to more sustainable solutions. One of the ways to achieve these objectives is biological control. Furthermore, combined with biological control, the use of nanoencapsulation techniques of biological control agents with materials that are bioavailable and biodegradable in the environment has proven to be an alternative to reducing the use of non‐renewable materials. Therefore, the present work aimed to develop a nanoparticle system for biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The nanoparticle system was produced using the ionotropic gelation technique using chitosan (CHI) as a polymer. The cell‐free supernatant (CFS) of the microorganism Bacillus velezensis CMRP4490 was used to produce nanoparticles, as preliminary studies show that its metabolites act in biological control. The nanoparticles produced were prepared in different concentrations of CHI and CFS and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the fungus S. sclerotiorum. The encapsulated samples have a concentration of 20%–80% of CFS and 0.25% and 0.8% of CHI and showed a 100% inhibitory effect against S. Sclerotiorum, and the results obtained indicate a synergistic effect between CHI and CFS.
Redox‐Neutral Nickel‐Catalyzed Selective Hydroalkynylation of Internal Alkyne and Its Application in Anticancer Agent Discovery†
Authors: Chen Weiming , Liu Teng , Li Shuqing , Li Guangyu , Wu Gaorong , Gao Youjia , Xu Zhilin , Wu Yitao , Peng Xiaopeng , Huang Jiuzhong
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, an unprecedented nickel‐catalyzed regioselective hydroalkynylation of unsymmetrical internal alkynes was realized with steric hindered resistance selectivity via the cyano‐directing group strategy. Significantly, the resulting 1,3‐enyne products could be effectively employed in the synthesis of novel nitrogen‐containing tricyclics compounds, that provided the potential candidate compound 8a (IC50 = 2.6—6.1 μmol/L) for the anti‐tumor cell proliferation activity. Therefore, this work not only improves the transition‐metal‐ catalyzed hydroalkynylation strategy of internal alkynes, but also exhibits versatility of 1,3‐enynes in the construction of the complex bioactive chemical space.
Impact of Immediate Versus Staged Complete Revascularization on Short‐Term and Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Multivessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Jia Qiufeng , Zuo Ankai , Zhang Chengrui , Yang Danning , Zhang Yu , Li Jing , An Fengshuang
Published: September 2024

Background

In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and multivessel disease (MVD), complete revascularization (CR) improves prognosis. This meta‐analysis, summarizing recent RCTs, contrasts short‐term and long‐term clinical outcomes between immediate complete revascularization (ICR) and staged complete revascularization (SCR).

Methods

We systematically searched the online database and eight RCTs were involved. The primary outcomes included long‐term unplanned ischemia‐driven revascularization, re‐infarction, combined cardiovascular (CV) death or myocardial infarction (MI), all‐cause death, CV death, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). The secondary outcomes were 1‐month unplanned ischemia‐driven revascularization, re‐infarction, all‐cause death, and CV death. Safety endpoints included stent thrombosis and major bleeding.

Results

Eight RCTs comprising 5198 patients were involved. ICR reduced long‐term unplanned ischemia‐driven revascularization (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51–0.81, p < 0.001), combined CV death or MI (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34–0.78, p = 0.002), and re‐infarction (RR 0.66,95% CI 0.48 to 0.91, p = 0.012) compared with SCR. ICR also decreased 1‐month unplanned ischemia‐driven revascularization (RR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21–0.77, p = 0.006) and re‐infarction (RR 0.33, 95% CI:0.15–0.74, p = 0.007) but increased 1‐month all‐cause death (RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.06–4.65, p = 0.034).

Conclusion

In ACS patients with MVD, we first found that ICR significantly lowered the risk of both short‐term and long‐term unplanned ischemia‐driven revascularization and re‐infarction, as well as the long‐term composite outcome of CV death or MI compared with SCR. However, there may be an increase in 1‐month all‐cause death in the ICR group.