bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing Inter- and Intra-chain Excitonic Coupling in Crystalline Polythiophene Nanofibers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Baghgar Mina , Labastide Joelle A. , McKenna Aidan , Wise Adam J. , Barnes Michael D.
Published: April 2013

We summarize some recent new results probing inter- and intra-chain coupling in aggregated P3HT in isolated nanoparticles and nanofibers. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies show interesting correlations between amplitude and decay constant for different decay components that are tied to both polymer regio-regularity and nanoparticle processing conditions. In the frequency domain, we observe distinct signatures of both H- and J-aggregate type exciton coupling, manifested as different vibronic progressions with different electronic origins, linewidths, and Huang-Rhys factors. We show how the extent of this H/J composite coupling can be tuned to a certain extent by changes in molecular parameters (polymer molecular weight and regioregularity) and by solvent processing conditions. Finally we discuss recent results of near-field optical absorption probes of nanoparticles and nanofibers where optical contrast is afforded by the different absorption cross-section (at 532 nm) for aggregated vs. unaggregated P3HT.
Velocidade econômica de escoamento e custos de energia de bombeamento
Authors: Perroni Bruno L. T. , Carvalho Jacinto de A. , Faria Lessandro C.
Published: April 2013

Diversos fatores podem atuar como limitante para a atividade agrícola irrigada, dentre os quais a energia utilizada no sistema de irrigação tem grande destaque. Ainda que o sistema esteja hidraulicamente correto, ele pode não estar sendo economicamente viável para o produtor. Neste trabalho, foram feitas simulações para a determinação do diâmetro mais econômico para adutoras de aço galvanizado e PVC. Também foram obtidos modelos para a determinação dos custos de bombeamento. Foi constatado que, para tubulações de aço galvanizado, a velocidade econômica variou entre 0,67 e 1,63 m s-1 e para PVC variou entre 0,62 e 1,97 m s-1. Com os modelos gerados neste trabalho, é possível obter de forma mais rápida os parâmetros econômicos que envolvem os sistemas de bombeamento.
Effect of fluoride sodium mouthwash solutions on cpTI: evaluation of physicochemical properties
Authors: Toniollo Marcelo Bighetti , Galo Rodrigo , Macedo Ana Paula , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Mattos Maria da Gloria Chiarello de
Published: April 2013

The effects of fluoride, which is present in different oral hygiene products, deserve more investigation because little is known about their impact on the surface of titanium, which is largely used in Implantology. This study evaluated the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) after exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The hypothesis tested in this study was that different concentrations of NaF applied at different time intervals can affect the titanium surface in different ways. The treatments resulted in the following groups: GA (control): immersion in distilled water; GB: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min daily; GC: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min daily; GD: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks; and GE: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks. The experiment lasted 60 days. Roughness was measured initially and every 15 days subsequently up to 60 days. After 60 days, corrosion analysis and anodic polarization were done. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness data were analyzed by ANOVA and there was no significant difference among groups and among time intervals. The corrosion data (i corr) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, and significant differences were found between GA and GC, GB and GC, GC and GD, GC and GE. SEM micrographs showed that the titanium surface exposed to NaF presented corrosion that varied with the different concentrations. This study suggests that the use of 0.05% NaF solution on cpTi is safe, whereas the 0.2% NaF solution should be carefully evaluated with regard to its daily use.
Effects of probiotic bacteria on Candida presence and IgA anti-Candida in the oral cavity of elderly
Authors: Mendonça Fabio Henrique Boarini Pacheco , Santos Silvana Soléo Ferreira dos , Faria Ivan da Silva de , Gonçalves e Silva Célia Regina , Jorge Antônio Olavo Cardoso , Leão Mariella Vieira Pereira
Published: April 2013

Imbalance in the resident microbiota may promote the growth of opportunistic microorganisms, such as yeasts of Candida genus and the development of diseases, especially in aged people. This study evaluated whether the consumption of the probiotic Yakult LB® (Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium breve) was able to influence on the specific immunological response against Candida and on the presence of these yeasts in the oral cavity of 42 healthy aged individuals. Saliva samples were collected before and after the probiotic use for 30 days, 3 times a week. The samples were plated in Dextrose Saboraud Agar with chloramphenicol, the colony-forming units (CFU/mL) were counted and the Candida species were identified. Anti-Candida IgA analysis was conducted using the ELISA technique. ANOVA and Student's t-test were used for normally distributed data and the Wilcoxon test was used for data with non-normal distribution (α=0.05). The results showed a statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in Candida prevalence (from 92.9% to 85.7%), in CFU/mL counts of Candida and in the number of non-albicans species after consumption of the probiotic. Immunological analysis demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.05) in anti-Candida IgA levels. In conclusion, probiotic bacteria reduced Candida numbers in the oral cavity of the elderly and increased specific secretory immune response against these yeasts, suggesting its possible use in controlling oral candidosis.
Effectiveness of mechanical brushing with different denture cleansing agents in reducing in vitro Candida albicans biofilm viability
Authors: Pellizzaro Delise , Polyzois Gregory , Machado Ana Lucia , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Sanitá Paula Volpato , Vergani Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2013

The adhesion of Candida albicans to surfaces is the prerequisite for occurrence of denture stomatitis, a common disease diagnosed among denture wearers. A routine of denture cleansing is essential to prevent biofilm formation and the onset of this infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of combining brushing and cleansing agents in killing C. albicans biofilm. Disks of acrylic resin were made, sterilized, and inoculated with C. albicans (10(7) cfu/mL). After incubation (37°C/48 h), specimens were randomly assigned to 10 experimental groups (n=9): 5 subjected to brushing with distilled water or cleansing agents - dentifrice slurry, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and Polident fresh cleanse® (combined method) - and 4 exposed to the cleansing agents without brushing (immersion). Non-cleansed specimens were used as positive controls. The viability of cells was evaluated by XTT reduction method. Results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). The combined method was significantly more effective (p<0.0001) in reducing biofilm viability than the immersion. Brushing with CHX and NaOCl resulted in 100% removal of the biofilm. Immersion in the agents reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the biofilm viability, with CHX being the most effective (p<0.0001). The use of the combined method of brushing with cleansing agents is an effective method to reduce C. albicans biofilm, being CHX and NaOCl the most effective solutions.
Infected orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a rare cause of facial cellulitis
Authors: Carvalho Cyntia Helena Pereira de , Aquino Ana Rafaela Luz de , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Silva José Sandro Pereira da , Germano Adriano da Rocha , Pinto Leão Pereira
Published: April 2013

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs) are relatively uncommon developmental cysts lined with orthokeratinized epithelium consisting of a prominent granular layer and a basal layer of low cuboidal flattened cells that show no tendency for nuclear palisading. These cysts have been considered a distinct entity from odontogenic keratocysts since they exhibit a less aggressive behavior and a very low rate of recurrence. Developmental odontogenic cysts can become infected but serious complications, such as potentially life-threatening cellulitis, are rare. This report describes a rare case of facial cellulitis secondary to an infected OOC located in the mandible of a 27-year-old man. The relevant literature about the clinical-pathological features of OOC is reviewed.
Aspects of the performance of different materials in earthquakes
Authors: Severn Roy Thomas
Published: April 2013

This paper discusses the general principles of the behaviour of construction materials when exposed to earthquakes. The construction materials considered are timber, concrete, steel, soils and elastometrics. Whereas timber is used essentially for residential buildings, concrete and steel take up different structural forms, making it convenient to deal with their performance in this way. In concrete, for example, mass concrete dams, reinforced concrete buildings and bridges are examined individually. Similarly, steel buildings are considered separately from steel bridges. In resisting earthquakes, construction materials are required to exhibit properties not employed in resisting static loads, the essentials of which are resistance to two components of horizontal force and vertical force acting together and changing direction many times each second, the vertical input increasing and decreasing the normal gravity loads. Material damping and lack of brittleness are required properties, as is the absence of liquefaction potential in non-cohesive foundations. In design there is a greater need to avoid discontinuities in both elevation and plan to prevent torsional effects caused by the two horizontal components. Although wind also produces horizontal loading, its precise effects are quite different. The selected examples are drawn from visits to earthquake sites, reports of the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team, and the author's contacts around the world.
Use of a Carbon Dioxide Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing for Clinical New Attachment: A Case Series
Authors: Pope Jeffrey D. , Rossmann Jeffrey A. , Kerns David G. , Beach M. Miles , Cipher Daisha J.
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Severe, chronic periodontitis (CP) is typically treated either with scaling and root planing (SRP) or surgical therapy in an effort to gain clinical attachment. The advantage of non‐surgical therapy is decreased morbidity to the patient; however, the site typically heals by formation of a long junctional epithelium. The advantage of surgical therapy is access for debridement and the use of bone or bone substitutes in combination with a barrier membrane for epithelial exclusion. Compared with a non‐surgical approach, surgical therapy is more invasive, and patient acceptance of treatment is typically more challenging. The use of lasers in dentistry appears to be rapidly increasing, as evidenced by the influx of new lasers into the dental market as well as numerous anecdotal reports of beneficial results with their use.

Case Series: This report presents a novel approach to the treatment of severe CP using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in combination with SRP. This study presents the findings of 17 patients (nine males and eight females, aged 34 to 71 years; mean age: 54 years) that were compared in a split‐mouth design and followed for 3 months. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case series using a CO2 laser for de‐epithelialization in combination with SRP for the treatment of CP.

Conclusion: Sites treated with the CO2 laser tended to show a greater decrease in probing depths, greater amounts of recession, and greater gains in clinical attachment levels, but the results were not statistically significantly better than SRP alone.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Partial Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Soybean PI 407861A
Authors: Lee Sungwoo , Rouf Mian M. A. , McHale Leah K. , Sneller Clay H. , Dorrance Anne E.
Published: April 2013

Improving resistance for Phytophthora root and stem rot is an important goal in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in an OX20‐8 × PI 407861A cross, in which PI 407861A was used as the source of partial resistance. One hundred fifty‐seven F7–derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated for partial resistance to P. sojae isolate OH25 using a tray test. Composite interval mapping identified three QTLs on chromosomes 8, 13, and 15 by a genomewide logarithm of odds (LOD) threshold and six QTLs on chromosomes 3, 4, 10, and 18 by chromosomewide LOD threshold. The phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 2.4 to 8.6%, with a total of 41.6%. Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 8 are novel QTLs first reported for partial resistance to P. sojae in this study. All nine QTLs were localized near known resistance gene rich regions or those previously reported for resistance to other soil‐borne pathogens. Genomewide distribution of the QTLs in this population was distinct from the QTLs identified from previous studies with ‘Conrad’ but many were in common with those identified with another South Korean soybean accession. This indicates that the underlying genes for partial resistance in these exotic accessions may be distinct from genes controlling variation for partial resistance observed in Conrad. Plant Introduction 407861A is a promising genetic source of alleles that can be used to increase the genetic diversity and enhance levels of partial resistance to P. sojae in North American soybean cultivars.
Genetic Variation and Genotype × Environment Interactions for Seed Phytosterols in Sunflower
Authors: Velasco Leonardo , Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , García‐Ruiz José R. , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Domínguez‐Giménez Juan
Published: April 2013

Phytosterols are important dietary components. This research was aimed at estimating genetic variation and genotype × environment interactions for phytosterol content and profile in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Twenty‐two commercial hybrids were grown in six locations in southern Spain. The effect of genotypes was significant for phytosterol content and concentration of most phytosterols. Genotype × location interaction was significant for the concentration of campesterol, stigmasterol, Δ7‐stigmastenol, and Δ7‐avenasterol. Estimates of broad‐sense heritability were high (0.85 to 0.97) for phytosterol content and concentration of major phytosterols. These results suggest the feasibility of selecting for both phytosterol content and profile in sunflower.
Biological nutrient and organic removal from meat packing wastewater with a unique sequence of suspended growth and fixed-film reactors
Authors: Lim S. J. , Kim S. H. , Fox P.
Published: April 2013

A unique sequence of anaerobic filter/suspended anaerobic/aerobic (AO) reactor/aerobic filter system was developed to alleviate the drawbacks of conventional suspended growth and fixed growth systems. An anaerobic filter (AF) was used to efficiently produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) prior to the aerobic suspended growth. A second anaerobic reactor was installed in the A/O return activated sludge line to improve phosphorus uptake by potentially controlling glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs). One biological aerobic filter (BAF) was used for nitrification followed by an anoxic filter for denitrification and a second BAF was used for effluent polishing. The meat packing wastewater had a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 853 mg/L and total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) concentrations of 61.1 mg/L and 5.8 mg/L, respectively. The BOD removal efficiency was 99.0–99.7% and the suspended solids (SS) concentration in the effluent was below 10 mg/L. The T-N removal efficiency was maintained at greater than 75.0% except at low C/N ratios. A high T-P removal efficiency, 74.7–83.9%, was also obtained when the system was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 15.7 hrs. The AF successfully produced VFAs that aided in phosphorus removal. Additionally, recycled concrete aggregate used as attachment media in the biological filters continuously provided micronutrients and stabilized the pH.
Low cost-sensors as a real alternative to on-line nitrogen analysers in continuous systems
Authors: Ruano M. V. , Ribes J. , Seco A. , Ferrer J.
Published: April 2013

This paper is focused on the evaluation of the applicability of low-cost sensors (pH and ORP) versus nutrient analysers for controlling biological nitrogen removal in WWTPs. A nutrient removal pilot plant located in Carraixet WWTP (Valencia, Spain) that is equipped with a significant number of nutrient analysers and low-cost sensors was used. The relations between reliable, cheap on-line sensors such as pH and ORP (located in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones) and the nitrification/denitrification processes are provided. The nitrification process can be evaluated by measuring the pH difference between the first and last aerobic zones. The denitrification process can be evaluated by measuring the pH difference between the first and last anoxic zones and the ORP in the last anoxic zone. Furthermore, when WWTPs include an anaerobic reactor, the ORP in the anaerobic zone can also be used. With all these factors in mind, these sensors give valuable information for applying advanced control systems such as fuzzy logic-based controllers. Also, low-cost sensors involve lower investment, maintenance and operational costs and lower energy consumption derived from aeration and pumping than nutrient analysers. Thus, low-cost sensors can be successfully used as an attractive alternative to nutrient analysers to control biological nitrogen removal in WWTPs.
Two strategies for phosphorus removal from reject water of municipal wastewater treatment plant using alum sludge
Authors: Yang Y. , Zhao Y. Q. , Babatunde A. O. , Kearney P.
Published: April 2013

In view of the well recognized need of reject water treatment in MWWTP (municipal wastewater treatment plant), this paper outlines two strategies for P removal from reject water using alum sludge, which is produced as by-product in drinking water treatment plant when aluminium sulphate is used for flocculating raw waters. One strategy is the use of the alum sludge in liquid form for co-conditioning and dewatering with the anaerobically digested activated sludge in MWWTP. The other strategy involves the use of the dewatered alum sludge cakes in a fixed bed for P immobilization from the reject water that refers to the mixture of the supernatant of the sludge thickening process and the supernatant of the anaerobically digested sludge. Experimental trials have demonstrated that the alum sludge can efficiently reduce P level in reject water. The co-conditioning strategy could reduce P from 597–675 mg P/L to 0.14–3.20 mg P/L in the supernatant of the sewage sludge while the organic polymer dosage for the conditioning of the mixed sludges would also be significantly reduced. The second strategy of reject water filtration with alum sludge bed has shown a good performance of P reduction. The alum sludge has P-adsorption capacity of 31 mg-P/g-sludge, which was tested under filtration velocity of 1.0 m/h. The two strategies highlight the beneficial utilization of alum sludge in wastewater treatment process in MWWTP, thus converting the alum sludge as a useful material, rather than a waste for landfill.
Similar evolution in δ 13CH4 and model-predicted relative rate of aceticlastic methanogenesis during mesophilic methanization of municipal solid wastes
Authors: Vavilin V. A. , Qu X. , Mazéas L. , Lemunier M. , Duquennoi C. , Mouchel J. M. , He P. , Bouchez T.
Published: April 2013

Similar evolution was obtained for the stable carbon isotope signatures δ 13CH4 and the model-predicted relative rate of aceticlastic methanogenesis during mesophilic methanization of municipal solid wastes. In batch incubations, the importance of aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis changes in time. Initially, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis dominated, but increasing population of Methanosarcina sp. enhances aceticlastic methanogenesis. Later, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis intensified again. A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the relative contribution of hydrogenotrophic and aceticlastic pathways of methane generation during mesophilic batch anaerobic biodegradation of the French and the Chinese Municipal Solid Wastes (FMSW and CMSW). Taking into account molecular biology analysis reported earlier three groups of methanogens including strictly hydrogenotrophic methanogens, strictly aceticlastic methanogens (Methanosaeta sp.) and Methanosarcina sp., consuming both acetate and H2/H2CO3 were considered in the model. The total organic and inorganic carbon concentrations, methane production volume, methane and carbon dioxide partial pressures values were used for the model calibration and validation. Methane isotopic composition (δ 13CH4) evolution during the incubations was used to independently validate the model results. The model demonstrated that only the putrescible solid waste was totally converted to methane.
Biological treatment of high-pH and high-concentration black liquor of cotton pulp by an immediate aerobic-anaerobic-aerobic process
Authors: Lihong Miao , Furong Li , Jinli Wen
Published: April 2013

In this study, an immediate aerobic-anaerobic-aerobic (O/A/O) biological process was established for the treatment of black liquor of cotton pulp and was tested by both laboratory-scale batch experiment and pilot-scale continuous experiment. The effects of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) were studied, as were the alkaliphilic bacteria number, the culturing temperature and the concentration of black liquor on COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal. The total COD (CODtot) removal rate of the novel O/A/O process, for a black liquor with influent CODtot over 8,000 mg/L and pH above 12.8, was 68.7 ± 4% which is similar with that of the traditional acidic-anaerobic-aerobic process (64.9 ± 3%). The first aerobic stage based on alkaliphilic bacteria was the crucial part of the process, which was responsible for decreasing the influent pH from above 12 to an acceptable level for the following treatment unit. The average generation time of the alkaliphilic bacteria in the black liquor was about 36 minutes at 40°C in a batch aerobic activated sludge system. The efficiency of the first aerobic stage was affected greatly by the temperature. The CODtot removal at 55°C was much lower in comparison with the CODtot removal at 45°C or 50°C. Both the laboratory-scale batch experiments and the pilot-scale continuous experiment showed that the CODtot removal rate could reach about 65% for original black liquor with a pH of about 13.0 and a COD of 18,000–22,000 mg/L by the immediate O/A/O process. The first aerobic stage gave an average CODtot removal of 45.5% at 35°C (HRT = 72 h) at a volume loading rate of 3.4 kg COD m−3 d−1.
The role of municipal committees in the development of an integrated urban water policy in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Costa G. M. , Costa H. S. M. , Dias J. B. , Welter M. G.
Published: April 2013

This paper discusses the challenges involved in adopting an integrated approach to urban water policies and management, a particularly problematic issue in Brazil due to the incomplete nature of urbanization, defined as the lack of adequate and/or universalized access to infrastructure and services, informal housing and conflicts between environmental protection and social housing needs. In the last two decades strong social movements have influenced urban environmental policies from national to local levels. In Belo Horizonte since 1993, decision-making processes have involved important mechanisms of democratic inclusion, which have contributed to fairer urban policies. A brief discussion of the concept of governance follows, introducing the municipal urban policy within which drainage and sanitation policies have been implemented. This paper presents the constitutional and institutional role of the five municipal committees dealing with water governance issues, as they are important arenas for civil society participation. The main constraints to achieving integrated urban water governance at the local level and the extent to which such policies are able to reduce social inequalities and promote social environmental justice in the use and appropriation of urban water, are discussed. This paper is part of the SWITCH—Sustainable Water Management Improves Tomorrow's Cities' Health—research network.
Non-government organisation engagement in the sanitation sector: opportunities to maximise benefits
Authors: Carrard N. , Pedi D. , Willetts J. , Powell B.
Published: April 2013

Non-government organisations (NGOs) have long played a role in delivering sanitation services to communities in Southeast Asia and Pacific countries, particularly in rural areas. In contrast with large scale infrastructure focused initiatives, NGO programs commonly focus on building linkages between technical and social realms. Drawing on the breadth and depth of NGO experiences, there are opportunities for NGOs to play a greater role in the sanitation sector and to work in partnership with other actors including utilities and government agencies to ensure both ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ components of sanitation are built in to project design and delivery to maximise community benefits and ensure longer term system sustainability. This paper discusses these issues and considers how the contribution of NGOs to the sanitation sector in developing countries might be enhanced. The paper is based on recent research for the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) intended to guide investment in the water and sanitation sectors of Asia and Pacific partner countries, exploring the potential for increased NGO engagement. The paper presents findings of the research concerning NGO roles and approaches, discusses existing NGO activities in the sanitation sector in Vietnam and Timor Leste and identifies strategies for NGOs and for other sector actors including utilities and government agencies to maximise the benefits of NGO engagement in the sanitation sector.
A real-time location-based SNS smartphone application for the disabled population
Authors: Jeong Hae-Duck , Lim Jiyoung , Hyun WooSeok , An Arisu
Published: April 2013

Smartphone usage and data consumption have been sharply rising, and the
disabled have also become smartphone users as the number of users of these
phones has exponentially increased in recent years. The theme of this paper
is how to create a better world for the disabled using the information that
people want to exchange with each other between the disabled and the general
population. The main goal is also to provide the information that they need
from each other in a way that can be displayed on the map in real-time. We
propose a new location-based SNS application for the disabled population
(except those who are visually impaired or the disabled who are not able to
use a smartphone) with three major characteristics of this application to be
considered as follows: (i) the person uses a Social Networking Service (SNS)
by constructing a friend matching system such as Facebook or Twitter, which
are the most widelyused SNS in the world; (ii) the general population
registers real-time information for a specific location on the map for the
disabled population using SNS. This information with photos and messages is
given and evaluated by users; and (iii) this system makes it easier to see
that the menu in the GUI was implemented.
The throughput critical condition study for reliable multipath transport
Authors: Song Fei , Zhou Huachun , Zhang Sidong , Zhang Hongke , You Ilsun
Published: April 2013

Employing multiple paths for achieving high capability and robustness has
some obvious benefits. New wireless technologies are giving more Internet
access modes for notebooks and smart phones. However, most multipath
protocols may not get acceptable throughput if reliable transmission is
guaranteed. For some cases, the situation may even worse than using single
path only. The main reason has strong relationship with the principal of
multipath transmission. Motivated by these facts, specific analytical
mechanisms are proposed to analyze the potential problems which may lead to
serious performance decrease. Following that, we investigate how to use
multiple paths legitimately when network environments are fluctuating. In our
simulation, topologies for multiple paths and single path are set up for
evaluating our analytical methods. Some distinguished scenarios are chosen
from different perspectives. The results have revealed some throughput
critical conditions and could be helpful in designing scheduling schemes for
multipath protocols.
Design and implementation of E-discovery as a service based on cloud computing
Authors: Lee Taerim , Kim Hun , Rhee Kyung-Hyune , Shin Uk
Published: April 2013

Recently, as IT Compliance becomes more diverse, companies have to take a
great amount of effort to comply with it and prepare countermeasures.
Especially, E-Discovery is also one of the most notable compliances for IT
and law. In order to minimize the time and cost for E-Discovery, many service
systems and solutions using the state-of-the-art technology have been
competitively developed. Among them, Cloud Computing is one of the most
exclusive skills as a computing infrastructure for E-Discovery Service.
Unfortunately, these products actually do not cover all kinds of E-Discovery
works and have many drawbacks as well as considerable limitations. This
paper, therefore, proposes a new type of E-Discovery Service Structure based
on Cloud Computing called EDaaS(E-Discovery as a Service) to make the best
usage of its advantages and overcome the limitations of the existing
E-Discovery solutions. EDaaS enables E-Discovery participants to smoothly
collaborate by removing constraints on working places and minimizing the
number of direct contact with target systems. What those who want to use the
EDaaS need is only a network device for using the Internet. Moreover, EDaaS
can help to reduce the waste of time and human resources because no specific
software to install on every target system is needed and the relatively exact
time of completion can be obtained from it according to the amount of data
for the manpower control. As a result of it, EDaaS can solve the litigant?s
cost problem.
Evaluation on the influence of internet prefix hijacking events
Authors: Zhao Jinjing , Wen Yan
Published: April 2013

The inter-domain routing system based on the BGP protocol is a kernel
establishment in the Internet. There have been many incidents of IP prefix
hijacking by BGP protocol in the Internet. Attacks may hijack victim's
address space to disrupt network services or perpetrate malicious activities
such as spamming and DoS attacks without disclosing identity. The relation
between prefix hijacking and the Internet hierarchy is presented in this
paper. The Internet is classified into three tiers based on the power-law
and commercial relations of autonomous systems. The relation between network
topology and prefix hijacking influence is presented for all sorts of
hijacking events in different layers. The results assert that the
hierarchical nature of network influences the prefix hijacking greatly.
Cognitive RBAC in mobile heterogeneous networks
Authors: Chen Hsing-Chung , Violetta Marsha , Weng Chien-Erh , Kung Tzu-Liang
Published: April 2013

In communication networks, a cognitive network (CN) is a new type of data
network which is used to solve some of the problems that face current
networks. Cognitive radio (CR) is part of a cognitive network and a smart
wireless communication system. CR is conscious of its surrounding
environment, and learns from the environment. It adapts its internal states
by making corresponding real-time changes in certain operating parameters. In
this paper, we propose a novel Cognitive RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
scheme which can be applied to Mobile Heterogeneous Networks (MHNs). The MHNs
consist of mobile communication systems and Wi-Fi systems. The required new
definitions for the RBAC model are proposed in this paper. They can improve
the ability of conventional RBAC model to meet new challenges. In our scheme,
we assume that a Cognitive Server (CS) provides and manages the permissions
of services, and Network Providers support and manage a variety CRs and CNs,
individually. For more efficiently managing CR and CN and meeting the large
scale heterogeneous networks, we let mobile user can perceive network
candidate actively to access services, in which the permissions are depending
to the contract made by CS with each Network Provider. In this paper, the new
generalized cognitive RBAC model and their definitions are proposed, and
could be applied to new applications in a MHNs environment.
An inventory model of purchase quantity for fully-loaded vehicles with maximum trips in consecutive transport time
Authors: Chen Pоуu
Published: April 2013

Products made overseas but sold in Taiwan are very common. Regarding the
cross-border or interregional production and marketing of goods, inventory
decision-makers often have to think about how to determine the amount of
purchases per cycle, the number of transport vehicles, the working hours of
each transport vehicle, and the delivery by ground or air transport to sales
offices in order to minimize the total cost of the inventory in unit time.
This model assumes that the amount of purchases for each order cycle should
allow all rented vehicles to be fully loaded and the transport times to reach
the upper limit within the time period. The main research findings of this
study included the search for the optimal solution of the integer planning of
the model and the results of sensitivity analysis.
The Scholarship of Jonathan Silin: A Reading through the Lens of Sexuality
Authors: Grieshaber Susan
Published: April 2013

While Jonathan Silin's ideas have challenged early childhood educators to think seriously about the relationship between developmentalism and revisioning early education, they have done much more than this. They also challenge us to know who we are and how our identities might be enacted in our teacher-selves, whether in the classroom with young children, teacher education students or engaging professionally with teachers. In doing so he shows how to resist injustice and unmasks ways in which institutions function in society to marginalise and exclude.
‘But What about the Dinosaurs?’: A Response to Damien Riggs
Authors: Payne Robert
Published: April 2013

This article is written in response to the work of Damien Riggs, providing a critical reading of his analysis of the inherent homophobia and gender normativity present in a selection of sexuality education websites targeted at children. Taking up the productive possibilities of both silences and narrative disruptions, the author examines a moment of unlearning from his own educational practice alongside a reading of the film Tomboy (dir. Sciamma, 2011) in which a narrative of gender development is plotted around contingency, lack of explanation and emergence. In contrast to Riggs' call for ‘proactive’ strategies of inclusiveness as a way of countering the closing down of sex and gender conversations among children, the author reconsiders the childlike capacities of adults and thus aims to destabilise privileged constructions of adulthood.
Quality versus Quantity: The Use of Observation by Early Childhood Educators in Improving the Performance of Children Enrolled in Preschool Programs in Ghana
Authors: Tackie-Ofosu Vivian , Bentum Kwesi
Published: April 2013

In the current study, the authors explored how early childhood educators used observation to support children in the learning environment. The objectives set were to find out the observation methods teachers used, ascertain their understanding of child observation, find out activities children undertook, and how teachers documented what children did and said during play activities. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual design, using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and photography, was considered appropriate for this research. Three main themes emerged in this study: Teachers or Playmates?, Observation as in Supervision, and Observation or Resources? The results of the study revealed that supervision of activities that children engaged in was equated to observation. Lack of observational skills, resources, and poor record keeping emerged as areas of concern. Implications for child development are rooted in the need for teachers to recognize the educational needs of children via observation and to develop appropriate strategies to address identified needs.
Influence of the B-site cation nature on dielectric properties of Ca2XBiO6 (X = Dy, Fe, Al) double perovskite
Authors: Feraru Simona , Samoila Petrisor , Nica Valentin , Iordan Alexandra , Palamaru Mircea
Published: April 2013

For the synthesis of Ca2XBiO6 (X = Dy, Fe, Al) metal oxides with ordered double-perovskite structure, the sol-gel auto-combustion method has been used for the first time. The synthesis progress was followed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the samples structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The samples morphology was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the nature of the trivalent B-site cation on the dielectric properties was evaluated by resistivity measurements in vacuum at frequencies between 102–105 Hz. The best dielectric behavior was obtained for Ca2AlBiO6 and Ca2DyBiO6, while the best semiconductor behavior was found for Ca2FeBiO6.
Efficient photodegradation of resorcinol with Ag2O/ZnO nanorods heterostructure under a compact fluorescent lamp irradiation
Authors: Lam Sze-Mun , Sin Jin-Chung , Abdullah Ahmad , Mohamed Abdul
Published: April 2013

Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure has been recently synthesized using a facile chemical-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed the Ag2O nanoparticles loading on ZnO nanorods. The Ag2O addition increased the visible light absorption ability and a red shift for Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure appeared when compared to pure ZnO. Photoluminescence spectra showed lower emission yield on the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure than on pure ZnO. Such a decrease in the emission yield represents the fraction of the excited state Ag2O sensitizer involved in the charge injection process. Under compact fluorescent lamp irradiation, the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO in the degradation of resorcinol, which can be attributed to the high separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs based on the cooperative roles of Ag2O loading on ZnO nanarods. All these characteristics represent a significant contribution of the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure to the practical applications in indoor environmental remediation.
Post-Modernism and Nepal's Education
Authors: Lamichhane Shreeram P , Wagley Mana P
Published: April 2013

The postmodernist critique of science consists of two interrelated arguments: epistemological and ideological. Both are based on subjectivity. First, because of the subjectivity of the human object, anthropology, according to the epistemological argument, cannot be a science; and in any event the subjectivity of the human subject precludes the possibility of science discovering objective truth. Second, since objectivity is an illusion, science, according to the ideological argument, subverts oppressed groups, females, ethnics, third-world peoples etc. ! e greatest accomplishment of postmodernism is the focus upon uncovering and criticizing the epistemological and ideological motivations in the social sciences.
Educational Justice for Diversified Nepali Children
Authors: Koirala Bidya Nath
Published: April 2013

Contradictions are the lived realities of the human beings. They are more so with the people of Nepal who live with multiplicities, modernities, and post-modernities. These multiplicities have come from different roots such as language diversities; caste diversities; class diversities; religious pluralities; ascribed, described, and aspirant gender roles; lived and intended power relations with "hierarchicals" caste groups and communal ethnic groups; and pedagogical variations that grew out in the country and that we imported from the West. This indicates that we have pluralities to be managed from different lenses. Reflection on personal back up, putting legs on others' shoes, listening to others, and creating mosaic are some of the measures that are to be nurtured if we want to ensure educational justice to the diverse groups of people.
Teacher Development and Management at Secondary Education in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Kedar N.
Published: April 2013

Though the concept of teacher development was institutionalized in 1971, the policy of the government on this issue has not remained consistent. When the government started its own institutions to provide in-service training to teachers, the universities started losing the government support to improve their professional programs. As a result, the pre-service training programs gradually converted into academic and less professional program. There are issues emerging in the effectiveness of the training and the concerns how to better shape the teacher education in Nepal. This paper discusses the context and recommend measures that can bring the teacher education to the right track.
Journaling: A Cross-cultural Approach to Transcend Individual Limitations Among Learners
Authors: Pandey Kashi Raj
Published: April 2013

While writing and reading have certain specific uses in the broader aspect of life and cultural practices, this paper focuses on improving a researcher's practice as a teacher and learner in inclusiveness, multiplicity, multiculturalism, and possibility of various perspectives in any given contexts. Taking auto-ethnography as a methodological referent in writing narratives, that deals with my own and students' lived experiences about journaling and its impact on transformation, this research looks into the dialectical nature of knowing through reflection about self practices whilst taking the cultural context of teaching in multiple perspectives. Responding to a number of questions including how a habit of maintaining journal helps the practitioner in cherishing multicultural thoughts, this work is equally a room that tries to find answers to the research question-- When and how do the learners realize a need for cross-cultural understanding?

Along with participants' narratives and other related theories this paper also covers the researcher's encounter with Dr. Inspection, and a letter to the Subject Committee. In addition, an acrostic poem and a Haiku also give the picturesque of the ongoing discourse among teachers and students, teachers and management and management and students in any educational institutions being Mount Kailash University (MKU), a prototype.
The Supreme Court, Ameliorative Programs, and Disability: Not Getting It
Authors: Hamilton Jonnette Watson , Koshan Jennifer
Published: April 2013

Les récentes décisions de la Cour suprême du Canada relatives au paragraphe 15 (2) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés soulèvent des craintes quant aux droits à l'égalité des personnes handicapées. Bien que l'arrêt R. c. Kapp ait donné une force autonome à la protection des programmes améliorateurs, favorisant ainsi une égalité réelle, l'arrêt Alberta (Affaires autochtones et Développement du Nord) c. Cunningham a accordé beaucoup de considération aux gouvernements même en ce qui concerne les programmes de prestations ciblés qui sont jugés insuffisants et peut-être même discriminatoires. Le présent article étudie les effets sur les personnes handicapées de la jurisprudence récente de la Cour suprême du Canada relativement au paragraphe 15 (2). Nous soutenons que l'extrême considération accordée par la Cour aux programmes de prestations ciblés pourrait perpétuer l'exclusion sociale et la marginalisation des personnes handicapées à qui le gouvernement refuse des prestations. L'approche de la Cour à l'égard du paragraphe 15 (2) risque aussi de renforcer les visions essentialistes, catégoriques et médicalisées de l'incapacité, et de créer des hiérarchies des incapacités. Ces risques sont particulièrement inquiétants en période de restrictions budgétaires. Bien que les récentes décisions de la Cour suprême relatives au paragraphe 15 (2) ne traitent pas précisément de discrimination fondée sur l'incapacité, nous soutenons que l'échec apparent de la Cour à réfléchir aux effets de ses décisions sur les personnes handicapées indique une lacune évoquée dans la notion de « dé-citoyenneté » de Pothier et Devlin.
Vulnerability, for Example: Disability Theory as Extraordinary Demand
Authors: Kaul Kate
Published: April 2013

Le présent article examine les fonctions de l'analogie et de l'exemple dans la théorie interdisciplinaire de l'incapacité, citant la vulnérabilité comme un exemple éloquent de ce qui unit et oppose les études sur l'incapacité et la théorie féministe. Il place le caractère politique et subjectif de l'incapacité au centre de l'analyse et considère l'interaction entre l'universel et le particulier dans l'opération ou la fonction de l'incapacité comme catégorie. La première partie de l'article, qui porte sur les exemples et les analogies, présente les théories de l'exemple et de l'analogie et les met en relation avec les stratégies de l'exemple et de l'analogie que l'on retrouve dans les études sur l'incapacité et la théorie féministe, surtout dans le travail de Robert McRuer, de Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, de Joan W. Scott et de G. Thomas Couser. La deuxième partie aborde l'analyse de Debra Bergoffen de la vulnérabilité et le concept d'universalité genrée ainsi que la possibilité de l'appliquer à une théorie de l'incapacité. La troisième partie analyse l'articulation de la subjectivité vulnérable de Judith Butler et la notion de sujet vulnérable de Martha Fineman. La quatrième partie se tourne plutôt vers le particulier par la lecture de l'argument de Sherene Razack selon lequel la réforme féministe du droit devrait reconnaître la différence propre à l'incapacité. Cette partie présente également les exemples de Couser et de Paul Longmore sur le fonctionnement précis de la vulnérabilité dans l'expérience de l'incapacité.