bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Independent Character of Children with Special Needs Through the Scrum Strategy in the Homeland of Totochan
Authors: Hapsara Andhy Surya
Published: November 2020

Independence is the main character that needs to be grown in children with special needs, which can be formed through inclusive education in regular schools and special education in special schools. Japan is one of countries that employs inclusive education in all schools at all levels of education. The empowerment of children with special needs in Japan is comprehensively carried out through the formation of a Scrum team that involves medical teams (physician), government, schools (teachers), universities (lecturers), and parent. The Scrum team works together continuously to assist and provide recommendations at every level of education followed by the selection of appropriate employment opportunities for children with special needs. The independent character of children with special needs is the key for them to free themselves as a burden on their family and society. Government, family, and community supports are needed to shape the independence character of children with special needs. The inclusive education system in Japan is one of the ideal models that can be adapted in Indonesia with all of its challenges, both theoretical and practical.
The Collaborative Role of Counselors in Inclusive Schools
Authors: Redita Yuliawanti
Published: November 2020

Strengthening Inclusive Education requires the role of various parties in educational institutions including guidance and counseling. Guidance and counseling services at the Inclusive Schools currently oriented towards developmental guidance and counseling with targeted services not limited to normal students in institutional settings, but will be directed to all students in various life and cultural settings including their special needs. Inclusive education is a shared responsibility between school Counselor, Teacher, Special Assistant teacher (GPK), and also Parents. Teachers cannot do everything themselves, because parents need to be involved so that the implementation of activities in school continues with the activities of students at home. Collaboration forms the basis between school and parents, as well as other experts, to provide assistance in a systematic, programmed, consistent and ongoing manner. Thus, the collaborative role of the counselors is needed, the development of the counselor's skills, and the professional implementation of the guidance and counseling program to optimize the development of students with special needs in inclusive schools. Collaboration for student success is an integral part of educational reform in inclusive schools
Improving The Ability To Write A Fiction Book Review Using The Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) Learning Model For Students Of Class XI MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta
Authors: Budi Rahayu
Published: November 2020

This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) which aims to improve the writing ability of students of Class XI MIPA-1 Yogyakarta 7 Public High School in 2018/2019 through the application of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) learning model. This research was conducted collaboratively and participatively which was carried out in two cycles. Data collection in this study was carried out using participant observation and written tests. Based on the results of the study concluded that the application of the STAD learning model can improve motivation and writing ability. This is supported by research data that shows an increase in the percentage of completeness of the written tests conducted at the second meeting in each cycle. At the time of pre-cycle, students completeness was only 36%, after the first cycle was implemented with the STAD learning model the percentage of students' writing ability was 61% then in the cycle II action reached 91%. The application of the STAD learning model can also improve the indicators of students' ability to write grade XI MIPA-1 SMA Negeri 7 Yogyakarta in 2018/2019 Academic Year. Indicators of students' writing ability consist of cohesion, coherence and language style. In the first cycle, the students' writing ability indicator obtained a final score of 64%, meaning that the ability to write was within the sufficient criteria. In the second cycle the final score of the indicator of students' writing ability reached 90% so that it is in good criteria.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK DAN BUDI PEKERTI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING
Authors: Maria Margaretha Dwilinda
Published: November 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar pendidikan agama Katolik dan budi pekerti pada kompetensi dasar memahami peran dan fungsi suara hati sehingga dapat bertindak secara benar dan tepat melalui model pembelajaran Discovery Learning. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang melibatkan 10 orang siswa beragama Katolik kelas XI IPS1 SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Tindakan dilakukan dalam dua siklus pembelajaran. Data dikumpulkan dengan pedoman observasi, tes pada masing-masing siklus, dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I rata-rata prosentase aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 67,50% dengan ketuntasan klasikal hasil belajar kognitif diperoleh sebesar 60%, dengan rata-rata nilai hasil belajar sebesar 77,5. Pada siklus II rata-rata prosentase aktivitas belajar siswa sebesar 90,63% dengan ketuntasan klasikal hasil belajar kognitif sebesar 90%, dengan rata-rata nilai hasil belajar sebesar 83,5. Dengan demikian penerapan penggunaan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning ini dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI MATERI EKOLOGI DENGAN MENGUNAKAN METODE KREATIF TIM PROYEK SISWA KELAS X IPA 8 SMAN 1 YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Menik Remen Lestari
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini dilatorbelakangi berdasarkan hasilobservasi dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya dalam materi lingkungan kelas X IPA8, sering kali siswa hanya memahami secara teoritispersoalan ekologi tidak dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Permasalahan ini dapat diatasi dengan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode kreatif tim proyek ekologi. Metode ini menekankan kegiatan belajar yang relatif berdurasi panjang, holistik interdisipliner, berpusat pada siswa dan terintegrasi dengan praktek dan isu-isu dunia nyata. Metode kreatif tim proyek ekologi diberikan dengan cara penugasan pembuatan miniseri drama bertema ekologi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode  kreatif tim proyek ekologi berupa penugasan pembuatan miniseri drama bertema ekologi  mampu meningkatkan hasil  hasil  belajar siswa di berbagai aspek kemampuan, baik kognitif, psikomotorik maupun afektif. Rata-rata nilai kognitif meningkat dari 83 menjadi 95. Hasil penilaian afektif rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 2.2 (kategori cukup) dan pada siklus II 3.8 (sangat baik). Sedangkan penilaian psikomotor juga terjadi peningkatan pada siklus I rata-ratanya adalah 79.2, sedangkan pada siklus II adalah 86.
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES DURING PANDEMIC VIA GOOGLE CLASSROOM APPLICATION IN THE SUBJECT OF WORK AND ENERGY
Authors: Ratnawati Franciska Ayuningsih
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of students at class of X MIPA 2, SMA Negeri I Gamping, Sleman by utilizing the google classroom application as one of learning strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic on the subject work and energy. This study is a classroom action research conducted during two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Learning strategies utilized the google classroom application. The advantage of this application is learning management became easier for teachers and convey information precisely and accurately for students. The results of this study indicate that the learning strategy utilizing technology in the form of google classroom application during Covid-19 pandemic can improve student learning outcomes on the subject work and energy in class X MIPA 2 SMA Negeri I Gamping Sleman. The test result at the end of the first cycle showed 6 students with a percentage of completeness 18%. There was an increase in the percentage of completeness in second cycle, i.e 94% from 31 students. Result of this study describe that the target percentage of students completeness has exceeded the minimum limit value.
ONLINE PHYSICS LEARNING VIA WHATSAPP, GOOGLE FORM, AND EMAIL IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ACTIVE PRESENCE AND STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Mulyadi Eko
Published: November 2020

The corona virus outbreak is taking place in Indonesia and global society since March, 2020. The virus spread from person to person through physical contact so that the government prohibit gathering activities. This condition forced application of online learning in the field of education. This study aims to measure the active presence, learning outcomes and effectiveness of online physics learning through WhatsApp, google form, and email. Topics in online physics learning were Heat (March 24, 2020) and Thermodynamics (March 31, 2020). This study is an evaluation research that conducted in the following steps: 1) Determine the schedule for Physics online learning for class X every Tuesday at 09.00-10.30 am (1.5 hour), 2) Create or using the available a WhatsApp group that had been created by homeroom teacher, 3) Create a google form for student attendance, 4) Create a link to be delivered in the WhatsApp group, therefore the structured assignments were delivered via email, 5) Review student assignments, and 6) Recapitule students’ active presence and physics learning outcomes. Results of the study reveal that the average of students’ active attendance at March 24, 2020 was 87.25%, and the average learning outcomes was 87.89. The average of students active attendance and the average learning outcomes at March 31, 2020 were 94.75%, and 79.66, respectively. The average achievement of active attendance and learning outcomes were 91% and 83.77, respectively. This result indicate that student achievement was passed the minimum competence level in physics, i.e 75. It can be concluded that online physics learning using WhatsApp for communication combined with google form for assessment is effective, both for teacher and students.
STIMULATING HIGH ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) WITH TASK-BASED LEARNING IN INFORMATION REPORT TEXT LEARNING
Authors: Ponikem Ponikem
Published: November 2020

Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) must be stimulated early in learning at school. One way is by implementing task-based learning. As a best practice, the implementation of this learning model aimed to involve students in tasks that require the use of various levels of thinking to produce real learning products (outcomes). Learning English class IX semester 2 in class 9G SMP Negeri 1 Wonosari 2018/2019 academic year on information report text material with task-based learning had succeeded in providing learning experiences to students in understanding the concept of information report text, making a summary of the results of reading references in the form of mindmapping, compiling presentation materials and presentation notes, making presentations both as presenter and audience. The entire learning process was directed to use the target language and involved communication and collaboration activities in developing thinking skills from the lowest to the highest levels. Best practice results showed that this learning practice was able to stimulate thinking skills and at the same time improve students' communication and collaboration skills. The low mastery of studnets’ functional expressions is a weakness that hinders the continuity of presentations. Therefore, the role of teacher as a solution provider is still needed.
IMPROVING WRITING SKILL OF INSPIRATIVE STORY TEXT THROUGH MODELLING STRATEGY
Authors: Utami Endang Kartika
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this research is to improve writing skill of students grade nine at SMPN 2 Sewon through modelling strategy to the naterial of writing inspirative story text. To solve the problem, the writer does class action research(PTK )through modelling strategy. It is used to make easy the teacher in doing the teaching of writing and to make the students in writing inspirative story text.The procedurs of the research are planning, doing action, observation, and reflection the result of avtion. The time in doing this research is started from January up to April 2019. Technique of collection data uses qualitative and qualitative descriptive. While the result of studentswriting testis analysedby comparative descriptive system between the first data and action result between cycle. Based on the analysing data and reflection of learning process, it is gained the last result whichis significant to the result of the research by implementing through modelling strategy, it can improve writing skill of students inspirative story text the avarege of cycle I is 72,41% and cycle 2 is 89,66%. Based on result, it can beconcluded, the using of modelling can improve writing skill of students inspirative story text.
Gravity-wave-perturbed wind shears derived from SABER temperature observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Liu Hanli
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Large wind shears around the mesopause region play
an important role in atmospheric neutral dynamics and ionospheric
electrodynamics. Based on previous observations using sounding rockets,
lidars, radars, and model simulations, large shears are mainly attributed to
gravity waves (GWs) and modulated by tides (Liu, 2017). Based on the
dispersion and polarization relations of linear GWs and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER)
temperature data from 2002 to 2019, a method of deriving GW-perturbed wind
shears is proposed. The zonal-mean GW-perturbed shears have peaks (13–17 ms−1 km−1) at around the mesopause region, i.e., at z = 90–100 km
at most latitudes and at z = 80–90 km around the cold summer mesopause. This
latitude–height pattern is robust over the 18 years and agrees with model
simulations. The magnitudes of the GW-perturbed shears exhibit year-to-year
variations and agree with the lidar and sounding rocket observations in a climatological sense but are 60 %–70 % of the model results in the zonal-mean
sense. The GW-perturbed shears are hemispherically asymmetric and have strong
annual oscillation (AO) at around 80 km (above 92 km) at the northern
(southern) middle and high latitudes. At middle to high latitudes, the peaks
of AO shift from winter to summer and then to winter again with increasing
height. However, these GW-perturbed shears may be overestimated because the
GW propagation direction cannot be resolved by the method and may be
underestimated due to the observational filter, sampling distance, and cutoff
criterion of the vertical wavelength of GWs.
Climate change will cause non-analog vegetation states in Africa and commit vegetation to long-term change
Authors: Pfeiffer Mirjam , Kumar Dushyant , Martens Carola , Scheiter Simon
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Vegetation responses to changes in environmental drivers can be subject to temporal lags. This implies that vegetation is committed to future changes once environmental drivers stabilize; e.g., changes in physiological processes, structural changes, and changes in vegetation composition and disturbance regimes may happen with substantial delay after a change in forcing has occurred. Understanding the trajectories of such committed changes is important as they affect future carbon storage, vegetation structure, and community composition and therefore need consideration in conservation management. In this study, we investigate whether transient vegetation states can be represented by a time-shifted trajectory of equilibrium vegetation states or whether they are vegetation states without analog in conceivable equilibrium states. We use a dynamic vegetation model, the aDGVM (adaptive Dynamic Global Vegetation Model), to assess deviations between simulated transient and equilibrium vegetation states in Africa between 1970 and 2099 for the RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios using regionally downscaled climatology based on the MPI-ESM output for CMIP5. We determined lag times and dissimilarity between simulated equilibrium and transient vegetation states based on the combined difference of nine selected state variables using Euclidean distance as a measure for that difference. We found that transient vegetation states over time increasingly deviated from equilibrium states in both RCP scenarios but that the deviation was more pronounced in RCP8.5 during the second half of the 21st century. Trajectories of transient vegetation change did not follow a “virtual trajectory” of equilibrium states but represented non-analog composite states resulting from multiple lags with respect to vegetation processes and composition. Lag times between transient and most similar equilibrium vegetation states increased over time and were most pronounced in savanna and woodland areas, where disequilibrium in savanna tree cover frequently acted as the main driver of dissimilarities. Fire additionally enhanced lag times and dissimilarity between transient and equilibrium vegetation states due to its restraining effect on vegetation succession. Long lag times can be indicative of high rates of change in environmental drivers, of meta-stability and non-analog vegetation states, and of augmented risk for future tipping points. For long-term planning, conservation managers should therefore strongly focus on areas where such long lag times and high residual dissimilarity between most similar transient and equilibrium vegetation states have been simulated. Particularly in such areas, conservation efforts need to consider that observed vegetation may continue to change substantially after stabilization of external environmental drivers.
Educação no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19:
Authors: De Fátima Alves Campos Oliveira Jussara , Cristina da Costa Fernandes Juliana , Ladeira de Moura Andrade Elisângela
Published: November 2020

Diante do atual contexto de pandemia global ocasionado pela Covid-19, houve uma necessidade célere de ressignificar os modos de vida da sociedade, sobretudo, em virtude do isolamento social, face ao alto grau de contaminação e letalidade do novo coronavírus. Nessa perspectiva, a escola, como um ambiente propício à convivência, teve suas atividades subitamente alteradas. O ensino, até então presencial, transportou-se para ambientes virtuais, obrigando profissionais da educação e estudantes a buscarem, repentinamente, novas práticas. Considerando esse momento singular, de adversidades e possibilidades, este trabalho objetiva discutir perspectivas de práticas educativas, por meio do uso de metodologias ativas, para aulas remotas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, com revisão bibliográfica, para elucidar os conceitos de ensino remoto e metodologias ativas, visando contribuir para a permanência e êxito dos estudantes na escola. Para tanto, abordou-se, também, conceitos freirianos, os quais vão ao encontro da necessidade de enfrentamento das adversidades advindas desse contexto atual, como a aceitação do novo, a alegria e esperança no ato do professor, a convicção de que a mudança é possível. A partir das discussões apresentadas, conclui-se que o ensino remoto favorece a adoção de novas práticas pedagógicas que podem contribuir para o re(pensar) das práticas dos professores, também para o período pós-pandemia.
Observar, pensar e acolher:
Authors: De Souza Oliveira Paes Leme Alberto Márcia , Da Silva Santiago Léia Adriana , De Carvalho Marco Antônio , Miranda Franco Mariano Sangelita , Gobbi Dutra Medeiros Lílian
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho objetiva descrever os movimentos do Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM), a partir da regulamentação das aulas remotas em virtude da pandemia provocada pelo novo coronavírus (Covid-19), e as medidas adotadas para a inclusão dos estudantes e minimização das suas dificuldades nesses processos. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tomando, como ponto de partida, os documentos oficiais que regulamentam a suspensão e substituição das aulas presenciais por aulas remotas, bem como pesquisa institucional realizada com os estudantes sobre a saúde mental durante o período de pandemia. Como resultado obtido, o IFTM parece caminhar na tentativa de transpor as dificuldades dadas pela situação atual de pandemia, agindo em meio a tentativas e erros. No entanto, seriam pertinentes ações mais objetivas realizadas sob a coordenação dos NAPNEs e setores correlatos, visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus estudantes durante esse período de extrema exceção, decorrente da pandemia do novo coronavírus.
A utilização das tecnologias assistivas para alunos surdos em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Souza Calixto Júnior de , Vieira Andreza Alves
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo visa apresentar uma discussão sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos acadêmicos surdos por meio do uso de tecnologias assistivas no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus. O objetivo central deste estudo bibliográfico consiste em destacar a relevância das tecnologias assistivas como uma ferramenta de apoio ao professor para o processo de inclusão dos alunos surdos. Observa-se que as tecnologias da informação e da comunicação apresentam uma diversidade de características que podem auxiliar na promoção de uma aprendizagem significativa para os surdos, mesmo na modalidade de ensino remoto, uma vez que estas podem contribuir de modo eficaz para o desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos, habilidades e competências desses alunos. Ressalta-se que a inclusão dos alunos surdos mostra-se como um desafio para os professores, que muitas vezes não se encontram preparados para lidar com as diferentes dificuldades de aprendizado enfrentadas por esses alunos. Pode-se concluir que o uso das tecnologias assistivas na educação de alunos surdos apresenta inúmeras potencialidades, assim como também traz seus desafios. No entanto, se as tecnologias forem aplicadas de forma adequada, acredita-se que os benefícios obtidos no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos surdos se mostrarão de forma significativa e evidente.
A Educação de Jovens e adultos
Authors: Pires Luciene Lima de Assis , Dos Reis Lima Walkíria , De Souza Paulo Henrique
Published: November 2020

A educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) tem como sujeitos históricos e culturais grupos geralmente marginalizados da sociedade, com condições precárias econômicas, excluídos de espaços e bens culturais. Apresenta-se neste artigo aspectos da realidade de um educando na modalidade EJA. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas realizadas com um discente da EJA. Propomos uma análise e reflexão sobre a EJA em uma perspectiva crítica a partir do perfil do educando da EJA com destaque para o acesso e permanência na escola, expectativas, dificuldades e facilidades enfrentadas, condições de estudos, trabalho e família antes e em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Verificou-se que o educando da EJA possui dificuldades com as aulas remotas. Nos estudos e reflexões realizadas apontamos para a necessidade de um projeto pedagógico democrático e com autonomia para atender às condições do público EJA no processo educativo para a formação humana.
O uso panóptico da COVID 19 na educação:
Authors: Pamplona Renata Silva , Sílvio de Oliveira José
Published: November 2020

Resumo:
Este ensaio objetiva analisar o contexto das atividades remotas de ensino e do trabalho docente no Brasil, em meio à pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19), a partir da premissa da possível constituição de arranjos, capturas e controle do exercício pedagógico virtual. Assim como do desdobramento de exclusões endereçadas a alguns segmentos da população estudantil brasileira. A metodologia se organiza no uso analítico de categorias foucaultianas, tais como: panóptico, relações de saber-poder, governamentalidade, biopolítica, dispositivo, discurso, regimes de verdades. Serão tomadas como referências de pesquisa as obras de Michel Foucault (1982a, 1982b, 1986, 2002a, 2002b, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012), Nietzsche (1974, 1998, 2011), entre outras. Compreende-se o panóptico e seu uso, no contexto em questão, como um dispositivo de vigilância e regulamentação do trabalho docente e discente. As reflexões finais buscam tecer um olhar de estranhamento e convite à resistência em relação aos regimes de verdades arquitetadas a respeito das ações e desígnios realizados no âmbito da educação escolar brasileira, no decorrer da crise pandêmica de 2020.
Palavras-chave: Pandemia de Covid-19. Ensino virtual. Panóptico. Relações de saber-poder.
Presencia y ausencia del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano en los textos escolares ecuatorianos
Authors: Quichimbo Saquichagua Fausto Fabricio , Campoverde Gutama Jennyfer Paola
Published: November 2020

Se ha reflexionado acerca de los contenidos del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano presentes en los textos escolares ecuatorianos de filosofía, desde perspectivas descolonizadoras mediante una ecología de saberes y la traducción intercultural encaminados a un diálogo de saberes y confrontación de saberes. Tuvo una metodología cualitativa con un enfoque analítico - interpretativo de carácter hermenéutico. Los resultados muestran que los planteamientos de la filosofía latinoamericana se fundamentan en un nosotros plural y diverso; y no en un ser individual (yo); que la teoría de la dependencia no es una corriente filosófica, sino netamente económica. Además, que la emancipación y la liberación proponen superar las situaciones de marginalidad y opresión. También se excluyen categorías relacionadas a la colonialidad que dificultan su comprensión. Dentro de los textos la identidad y la cultura no se definen de manera clara, ya que se ven como entes invariables en el tiempo. El estudio señaló que el abordaje del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano es mínimo y genera interpretaciones que conllevan a considerar que el conocimiento occidental es malo; y además, reveló la necesidad que existan contenidos del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano para tener una mirada de nuestro contexto, para conocer la realidad en los que nos encontramos insertos, y que existe una pluralidad de pensamientos, voces y visiones.
La educación para la paz en las instituciones escolares. Consideraciones al contexto venezolano
Authors: Pinho De Oliveira María Fátima
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación se enmarca en conocer la importancia de la educación para la paz en las instituciones escolares y en el contexto nacional venezolano. La metodología fue documental basada en revisión de la literatura en la materia con enfoque fenomenológico. Se evidencia que la gestión educativa venezolana se encuentra ante un gran desafío, dada la existencia del conflicto en el contexto del desarrollo de la sociedad, surge la necesidad de que los docentes se apropien respecto a la cátedra humanista de la enseñanza de la paz desde la revisión crítica de la violencia escolar. Para lograrlo, deben propiciarse encuentros sensibles hacia la paz ciudadana, al educar para promover el clima de convivencia como centro neurálgico del cual se dictan elementos significativos en el sistema educativo venezolano, como espacios comprometidos para lograr la convivencia pacífica.
El enfoque ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (CTS) en Cuba. Vicisitudes históricas, principales logros y deficiencias, y la nueva política en el marco del perfeccionamiento del Nuevo Modelo Económico
Authors: Hernández Hernández Carlos César , Valdivia Valdés Maité Felicia , Díaz Martínez Eddy Yoel
Published: November 2020

El trabajo consiste en una explicación de la evolución del proceso ciencia, tecnología e innovación tecnológica en la etapa colonial, neocolonial y la revolución socialista en Cuba, con intentos frustrados en las primeras etapas, encontrando en la última la posibilidad de desarrollo limitado.

Las intenciones de la política de ciencia, técnica e innovación tecnológica tienen la finalidad de insertar al país en la economía mundial, con mayor diversificación económica y de mayor sostenibilidad alimentaria y ecológica.

La principal característica del proceso de la ciencia, técnica e innovación desde 1959 a 1990 consistió en la transferencia tecnológica recibida en el marco de las preferenciales relaciones económicas y científicas establecida; sin embargo, a partir de la aprobación de una nueva reforma económica en el 2011 en que se aprueban nuevos Lineamientos económicos, políticos y sociales   del Partido, se produce un despegue de dicha política, donde la ciencia cumple importantes funciones en el perfeccionamiento de nuestro modelo económico socialista.
Apuntes sobre estudios tempranos de videojuegos en Iberoamérica
Authors: Acevedo Merlano Álvaro Alfonso
Published: November 2020

Este ensayo bibliográfico aborda algunas investigaciones realizadas en las dos últimas décadas sobre el consumo de videojuegos y su incidencia en las subjetividades de los jugadores Iberoamericanos y ayuda a comprender cómo las subjetividades son afectadas de diferentes formas dependiendo de las características de los videojuegos que son consumidos; mostrando de esa manera cómo el fenómeno de los videojuegos se encuentra más diseminado de lo que generalmente se piensa. En consecuencia, los resultados plantean que las subjetividades de los video-jugadores se construyen mediante las interrelaciones que se producen entre los sujetos y la dinámica en la que se desarrolla el juego, incorporando a su constructo tanto valores como sentimientos y significados
Comunidades de macroinvertebrados: bio-indicadores de la calidad del agua en el Territorio Indígena Rama-Kriol
Authors: Matus-Román Keren Oshin , González-Alemán Néstor , Flores-Pacheco Juan Asdrúbal
Published: November 2020

Los macroinvertebrados son organismos que por su intolerancia a las perturbaciones en el ambiente pueden determinar la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos a través de su diversidad y distribución de las familias presentes en sus hábitats. En este estudio se analizaron las condiciones actuales de la calidad del agua en las microcuencas Chacalín, Limonero y Moga, del Territorio Indígena Rama-Kriol por medio de la presencia y distribución de macroinvertebrados como bio-indicadores de estas, ya que actualmente se desconoce cuáles son las condiciones de sus principales afluentes dentro del territorio; con el uso del protocolo del Programa de Evaluación y Monitoreo de Ecosistema de la EPA de los Estados Unidos se establecieron 11 transeptos por cada sitio de los cuales la muestra de estos fue: 1-3, 5-7, 9-11. En esta investigación cuantitativa con enfoque descriptivo y corte transversal, la recolección se hizo con una red de mano en cada hábitat de los puntos establecidos; posteriormente se analizaron en el laboratorio del Centro de Investigación Acuática BICU, utilizando las guías taxonómicas para la clasificación e identificación de los organismos, con estos datos se determinó el IBMWP. Los resultados muestran que las microcuencas Chacalín y Moga tienen una calidad de agua regular con una contaminación poco alterada, mientras que la microcuenca Limonero a través del índice se determinó que la salud ecológica del agua está contaminada. Esto sugiere que las condiciones de dichos sitios han sido muy poco intervenidas y que existen las condiciones óptimas para el establecimiento de las familias de macroinvertebrados.
Estado Actual de la Energía Hidroeléctrica en Honduras. Análisis del 2007 al 2017
Authors: Zelaya Bertrand Teresa , Álvarez Herson
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación versa sobre la generación de energía eléctrica en Honduras a través de proyectos hidroeléctricos. Se hizo un análisis de los diferentes proyectos que funcionan en el país, así como la potencia instalada y la energía generada. El estudia se centra en la evolución que se dio de 2007 a 2017; no obstante, también expone proyectos futuros contemplados por la Empresa Nacional de Energía Eléctrica.
Análisis del componente inorgánico del calculo dental proveniente de individuos adultos mediante difracción de rayos x y microscopia de fuerza atómica
Authors: Barrios Leonardo , Montero Maglynert , Rojas Sánchez Fatima , Bonillo Tomas , Vargas Rodolfo
Published: November 2020

El cálculo dental es producto de la mineralización de la biopelícula dental, dentro de los distintos componentes que lo conforman se encuentran compuestos inorgánicos, una matriz orgánica compuesta de proteínas salivales selectivamente absorbidas del medio bucal y varias especies de microorganismos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la composición inorgánica del cálculo dental empleando difracción de rayos X (DRX por sus siglas en ingles) y Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (MFA por sus siglas en ingles), así como también el análisis por Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido – Espectroscopia de Rayos X por Energía Dispersiva (SEM – EDX por sus siglas en ingles). Para ello, se recolectaron muestras de cálculo dental supragingival (material de desecho durante actividades de tartrectomía), proveniente de 4 muestras de pacientes adultos, seleccionados de manera no aleatoria, que asistieron voluntariamente a la Facultad de Odontología de la UCV. Cada muestra fue almacenada en tubos demicrocentrífuga hasta su procesamiento. Los estudios de DRX y MFA, fueron realizados en la Unidad de Estructura Molecular, del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA). El análisis por EDX fue realizado en el Centro de Microscopía Electrónica de la UCV. Los resultados indicaron que el componente inorgánico principal del cálculo dental es la hidroxiapatita en todas las muestras analizadas, tanto por difracción de rayos X como del análisis por EDX.
Análise do impacto da transição da estrutura etária no consumo de energia elétrica domiciliar do Brasil
Authors: Diógenes Victor Hugo Dias , Ojima Ricardo
Published: November 2020

O estudo do consumo na relação entre População e Ambiente (P-A) vem ganhando destaque e notoriedade, já que se vem comprovando que se trata de uma variável que é extremamente correlacionada com a dinâmica demográfica. Dito isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o consumo de energia elétrica domiciliar per capita por estágios do ciclo de vida do domicílio no Brasil e simular o comportamento do consumo energético considerando as mudanças na estrutura etária domiciliar. A metodologia proposta consistiu em mensurar taxas específicas de consumo por fase do ciclo de vida do domicílio e, por meio de técnicas de padronização direta, verificar o nível de consumo energético caso o Brasil apresentasse outras estruturas etárias em seus domicílios. O banco de dados utilizado foi a Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiares 2008/2009. Quanto aos resultados, eles indicaram que o nível de consumo de energia elétrica domiciliar per capita apresentado pelo Brasil em 2009 diminuiria em 2,6 kWh se o país possuísse a estrutura etária observada em 1970. Como conclusão, a partir dos resultados, tem-se que deve haver um aumento do consumo de energia elétrica quando os domicílios apresentarem uma estrutura por idade do chefe mais envelhecida, ou seja, um maior consumo deve surgir, em parte, devido ao envelhecimento populacional. Portanto, esta pesquisa corrobora com a desmistificação do malthusianismo, cuja ideia principal atribui importância demasiada no volume populacional no debate ambiental em detrimento de outras varáveis demográficas, bem como fortalece a necessidade de se criar e consolidar uma linha de pesquisa sistemática da “demografia do consumo”.
A cooperação multilateral climática e a promoção da agenda da transição energética no Brasil
Authors: Leite Alexandre César Cunha , Alves Elia Elisa Cia , Picchi Livia
Published: November 2020

Cooperação multilateral, regime internacional, governança global, segurança energética e meio-ambiente são temas intrinsicamente relacionados, embora nem sempre as conexões sejam evidentes. Partimos do questionamento de como a agenda internacional climática se desdobra para políticas domésticas de mitigação no setor de energia em um país em desenvolvimento. Para lidar com essa questão, identificamos os princípios estabelecidos internacionalmente no que tange à temática das energias renováveis, com a finalidade de minimizar os impactos ambientais ocasionados pelos Gases de Efeito Estufa. Na sequência, apresentamos uma análise sobre a evolução da agenda multilateral climática internacional com foco para o setor energético e pontuamos seus desdobramentos na adoção de energias renováveis no Brasil. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica da questão climática pela perspectiva racional-institucionalista, passando pelas abordagens de regime internacional, governança climática, governança policêntrica e uma análise empírica de mudanças político-regulatórias no Brasil, buscamos identificar os diferentes vetores que traduzem diretrizes internacionais em políticas domésticas. Discute-se a cooperação como estratégia para lidar com questões que se relacionam à segurança energética dos países e, concomitantemente, com a perspectiva ambiental.
Infrações ambientais no município do Rio de Janeiro: uma análise das denúncias do ministério público estadual
Authors: Chehadi Maria Fernanda Rangel , Barbosa Jose Geraldo Pereira
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar as denúncias de infrações ambientais enviadas pelo Ministério Público Estadual (MPE) à Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2018. O objetivo secundário do trabalho foi comparar as irregularidades ambientais encontradas em cada uma das 33 regiões administrativas (RA) do município com dados de progresso social e expectativa de crescimento populacional de cada RA para tentar encontrar correlações que pudessem explicar a dinâmica das denúncias no Município. A pesquisa de abordagem quali-quanti foi classificada como uma investigação ex post e documental a partir de um banco de dados municipal contendo as queixas de violações ambientais enviadas pelo MPE, e outras informações públicas sobre as regiões administrativas. A partir destas informações, constatou-se que o desmatamento e o loteamento irregular do solo representam quase metade das denúncias. Os resultados de regressões lineares efetuadas sugerem que, quanto maior a expectativa de aumento populacional da RA, mais denúncias ocorrem, o que pode ser explicado por ações de especulação imobiliária. Verifica-se também que regiões com altos indicadores de “moradia” e “segurança” levam seus moradores a uma maior propensão a denunciar as irregularidades. Por outro lado, constatou-se que, no caso das áreas onde a população tem baixa renda e pouco acesso à educação, a quantidade de queixas é muito baixa ou nula. Em função das distorções acima apresentadas, o presente estudo propõe uma distribuição das 33 regiões administrativas em seis grupos, a partir de níveis de renda, quantidade de denúncias, vulnerabilidade ambiental e indicadores de progresso social de cada RA, diferente da presente distribuição das RA em cinco áreas de planejamento (AP), divisão territorial feita basicamente por proximidade geográfica. O agrupamento proposto possibilita uma análise mais adequada das infrações ambientais por permitir uma visão mais abrangente das diversas questões (renda, saúde, segurança, educação entre outras) envolvidas neste fenômeno.
The Predominance of Balance Sheet Effect versus Competitiveness Effect of Exchange Rate on Brazilian Companies
Authors: Vieira Cicogna Maria Paula , Toneto Jr Rudinei , do Valle Mauricio Ribeiro , Junior Wilson Tarantin
Published: November 2020

The present research argues that the depreciation of the exchange rate has a negative effect on the balance sheet of Brazilian companies with debt in foreign currency. This effect is mainly on commodity exporters, since it is the class of companies with the highest indebtedness in the international market, as showed by the results. At the same time, companies with foreign currency debt showed a reduction in their investments in moments of depreciation of the exchange rate, which indicates the predominance of the balance sheet effect. The conclusions of the study were obtained through descriptive statistics and econometric tests (panel data) to analyze the effect of foreign currency debt and the exchange rate on investment rate. It was verified that the balance sheet effect generated by the exchange rate depreciation is predominant when compared to the competitiveness effect from 2003 to 2015.
Financial Management Practices Among Micro Enterprises and their Implications for Loan Repayment: A Case of Solidarity Group Lending of DCB Commercial Bank in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Kitomo Daudi , Likwachala Robson , Swai Cornelio
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the implications of financial management practices among micro enterprises for loan repayment. The study was confined to Solidarity Group Lending (SGL) customers of DCB Commercial Bank Plc (DCB). Specific objectives included: to identify common practices of managing finances among SGL customers; to determine the extent to which the commonly identified financial management practices influence loan repayment; and to find out challenges facing SGL customers during loan repayment in DCB. A case study research design and cluster sampling were used while data were collected using questionnaires from 80 respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple regressions, and simple descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean, and range. Results indicate that the common practices of managing finances among the respondents were cash holding 73.8% (n= 59) and short term investments 38.8% (n=31). Regression results revealed that about 70% of variations in ease of loan repayment is influenced by cash holding and short term investment techniques at p=0.000 level of significance (i.e. R = 0.841, R2 = 0.707 and p < 0.05). Key challenges of loan repayment among the respondents were: losses from business (82.6%), payment delays from debtors (67.5%), and difficulty in managing group members to attend their respective loan centers (72.6%). The study recommends that SGL customers need to be educated and sensitized on various financial management techniques and their implications so that they select appropriate techniques in managing profitability and liquidity in their businesses to enhance smooth loan repayment.
Rwandan Refugee Physical (In) Security in Uganda: Views from Below
Authors: Frank Ahimbisibwe
Published: November 2020

The paper analyzes the challenge of physical (in) security of Rwandan refugees in Nakivale and Oruchinga settlements, South Western Uganda. The paper is largely based on the views of the refugees themselves. It argues that contrary to her international obligations and the general view that Uganda is a hospitable asylum country, refugees face insecurity caused by a number of factors, including actions by their country of origin and the host state, as well as local settlement dynamics and internal sources. This insecurity has negatively affected the refugees, who have adopted a number of protection measures which supplement the ones put in place by the government and UNHCR. Despite the implementation of different security measures, insecurity still prevails in the settlements.
Reaction-diffusion Model Applied to the Population Dynamics of Wild and Transgenic Mosquitoes
Authors: Lima J. S. , Wyse A. P. , Santos A. J. B. , Cardoso R. T. N.
Published: November 2020

Due to recent advances in genetic manipulation, transgenic mosquitoes can be a viable alternative to reduce some diseases. Viability conditions are obtained by the simulation and analysis of mathematical models that describe the behavior of wild and transgenic mosquitoes population living in the same geographic area. In this work, we present a reaction-diffusion model, where the term reaction is a nonlinear function that describes the interaction between wild and transgenic mosquitoes taking into account their zygosity and the diffusive term representing a uniform spatial spread characterized by a fixed diffusion parameter. The system of partial differential equations obtained is solved numerically by combining the implicit Runge-Kutta method and the finite element method through the sequential operator splitting technique. Several scenarios are analyzed simulating the spatial release of transgenic mosquitoes, demonstrating an intrinsic relationship between the transgenic and wild varieties for different initial conditions.
Numerical Analysis of the Chebyshev Collocation Method for Functional Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Azevedo J. S. , Afonso S. M. , Silva M. P. G.
Published: November 2020

The collocation method based on Chebyshev basis functions, coupled Picard iterative process, is proposed to solve a functional Volterra integral equation of the second kind. Using the Banach Fixed Point Theorem, we prove theorems on the existence and uniqueness solutions in the L2-norm. We also provide the convergence and stability analysis of the proposed method, which indicates that the numerical errors in the L2-norm decay exponentially, provided that the kernel function is sufficiently smooth. Numerical results are presented and they confirm the theoretical prediction of the exponential rate of convergence.
Mixing properties of (n-alkanes or esters) + olive oil at different temperatures
Authors: GONZÁLEZ Cristina , LANZ Juan , S. ANDRADE Rebecca , IGLESİAS Miguel
Published: November 2020

In the scope of investigating phase equilibria and thermodynamic magnitudes related to equipment design and optimization for edible oil industry, this paper reports refractive index on mixing and ultrasonic velocity of binary systems enclosing a collection of n-alkanes (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane), or esters (ethyl acetate, vinyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate) + olive oil at temperatures from 288.15-298.15 K. From these physical properties, the corresponding derived magnitudes, changes of refractive indices on mixing and change of isentropic compressibilities were computed, being fitted by a modified Redlich-Kister polynomial. Due to the fact of industrial processes design to be strongly computer oriented, consideration was also given to quantify how accurate different theoretical estimation models work. The validity of estimation of these thermodynamic properties was tested by different models, which were selected attending to ease of use, wide range of application and accuracy. From the obtained results we can conclude that an adequate agreement between experimental and computed data, both in magnitude or sign in all range of compositions, was observed.