bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Metabolic Clock Model of B Cell Activation and Differentiation
Authors: Akkaya Munir
Published: May 2021

Recent advancements in the field of B cell immunometabolism have provided mechanistic insights to B cell activation and fate determination. Here, in this short article, I will explain the main principles of our novel metabolic clock model and how it may reshape our perspective on longstanding immunological questions related to pathologies arising from out of context B cell activation.
The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices of Sharing Workers on Service Performance
Authors: Liao Liping , Gu Yinhua , Wang Jing
Published: May 2021

Based on the Organizational Support Theory, this study examines the relationship between human resource management practices and service performance of sharing workers by demonstrating the mediation role of work engagement. We tested this theoretical model using an in-person interview questionnaire survey of 318 downwind drivers. Results showed that: (1) the main effect of human resource management practices of sharing workers on service performance was significant; (2) work engagement played a prominent mediation role between human resource management practices and service performance of sharing workers; (3) the mediation role of employee vigor between the platform incentives and the performance of employee services was significant; (4) employee dedication had an obvious and indirectly positive mediating effect between sharing workers' dimensions of human resource management practice and their service performance; (5) employee absorption on the mediation role between the various dimensions of the sharing human resources management practices (platform support, platform incentives and platform constraints) and employee service performance was significant. This study has important value for the study on human resource management practices in the context of sharing economy, and provides practical enlightenment for employee management of the sharing economy platform.
Interaction of Gravitational Field and Orbit in Sun-planet-moon system
Authors: Zhu Yin
Published: May 2021

Studying the two famous old problems that why the moon can move around the Sun and why the orbit of the Moon around the Earth cannot be broken off by the Sun under the condition that calculating with F=GMm/R^2, the attractive force of the Sun on the Moon is almost 2.2 times that of the Earth. We found that the planet and moon are unified as one single gravitational unit which results in that the Sun cannot have the force of F=GMm/R^2 on the moon. The moon is moved by the gravitational unit orbiting around the Sun. It could indicate that the gravitational field of the moon is limited inside the unit and the gravitational fields of both the planet and moon is unified as one single field interacting with the Sun. The findings are further clarified by reestablishing Newton’s repulsive gravity.
Infant mortality rates and nonrenewable energy consumption in Asia and the Pacific: The mediating role of carbon emissions
Authors: ADELEYE Bosede Ngozi , AZAM Muhammad , OSABUOHIEN Evans , OGUNRINOLA Ifeoluwa , ADEKOLA Paul O.
Published: May 2021

This study aligns with the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals- 3 which aim to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”. It contributes to the nascent literature stream on energy-health dynamics by introducing a holistic theoretical model to empirically examine the mediation effect of carbon emissions on the relationship between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates. Using an unbalanced panel data on 42 Asia and the Pacific countries from 2005 to 2015 and deploying the structural equation modeling approach, the empirical results are surmised as follows: (i) in regard to the full sample of countries, nonrenewable energy indirectly increases infant mortality rates through increasing carbon emissions. In other words, carbon emissions play a partial mediation role between nonrenewable energy and infant mortality rates; and (ii) for the different income groups, carbon emissions show varying mediation effects. For example, the mediation effects of carbon emissions in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries are found to be similar to those of the full sample of countries. Therefore, based on these findings, we conclude that nonrenewable energy is an essential determinant of infant mortality rates. Policy recommendations are put forward.
Program Kursus Bahasa Inggris Gratis “JeepEnglish” sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Sopir Jeep Wisata
Authors: Sulistyo Ari
Published: May 2021

Program Kursus Bahasa Inggris Gratis “JeepEnglish” sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Sopir Jeep Wisata
STEM Holic Community untuk Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembelajaran STEM
Authors: Hardani Hardani
Published: May 2021

STEM Holic Community untuk Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembelajaran STEM
Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terintegrasi Rumah Belajar Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berfikir Tingkat Tinggi
Authors: Rosidah Umi
Published: May 2021

Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terintegrasi Rumah Belajar Untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berfikir Tingkat Tinggi
BBB (Bermain, Belajar, Berkarya) Strategi Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Beragama Buddha Di SD Negeri 2 Plososari Patean Kendal
Authors: Astiyono Widi
Published: May 2021

BBB (Bermain, Belajar, Berkarya) Strategi Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Beragama Buddha Di SD Negeri 2 Plososari Patean Kendal
Merentang Masa Depan Pendidikan di SMP Negeri 1 Lirung Melalui Peduli Lingkungan
Authors: Maalua Adriana Niora
Published: May 2021

Merentang Masa Depan Pendidikan di SMP  Negeri 1 Lirung Melalui Peduli Lingkungan
Menyalakan Api Literasi Dengan Grow Me
Authors: Wirawardana Wahyu Kris Aries
Published: May 2021

Menyalakan Api Literasi Dengan Grow Me
Studio Pembelajaran Sekolah Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Smp Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo
Published: May 2021

Studio Pembelajaran Sekolah  Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Smp Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga
Gerakan Budaya Cinta Lingkungan Untuk Mewujudkan Sekolah “BARA API” (Bersih, Asri, Rapi, Aman, Patuh, Dan Indah) Di Sekolah SMP Negeri 2 Pakem
Authors: Worosetyaningsih Tri
Published: May 2021

Gerakan Budaya Cinta Lingkungan Untuk Mewujudkan Sekolah “BARA API” (Bersih, Asri, Rapi, Aman, Patuh, Dan Indah)  Di Sekolah SMP Negeri 2 Pakem
Induction Program: An Effort to Improve Professionalism of Novice Principals
Authors: Susilowati Tutik
Published: May 2021

School principals had a very important role to create schools which passed Indonesian students who were expected to be smart and competitive so that they could compete in industrial revolution era 4.0. Being school principals was not an easy challenge, especially for novice principals. Transition from teachers to principals inflicted several problems. Therefore, induction program was needed by novice principals. The purpose of this article was to develop an understanding on the concept of induction program for novice principals as an effort to develop professionalism. This article was written based on the result of literature review on novice principals, induction program, and some relevant studies. This article concluded that induction program prepared novice principals to succeed as school principals who were capable to do their roles, main tasks, and functions so that their professionalism was developed. Novice principals would through professional learning process in which they learned to adapt themselves from being teachers to being school principals.
The Implementation of School Based Management to Increase Teacher’s Professionalism in Vocational School
Authors: Arofah Gita Apriani Nur , Hindrayani Aniek , Ariyanto Jonet
Published: May 2021

Vocational schools are expected to increase the professionalism of teachers in guiding their students to improve learning achievement. Studying the implementation of School-Based Management by identifying factors influenced in vocational school was one of the ways to find out the answer. With the sample of vocational schools in Karanganyar district, this study used qualitative method to collect the data and by snowball sampling to choose the informant, whose directly involved in the implementation of school based management. The results of this study identified that input, process, and output proved to increase learning performance. Input can be identified from vision, mission, goals, and school targets; process can be identified from constructing planning and program of quality improvement by Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) analysis; while output can be drawn from evaluating program implementation and formulating new goals. Other side, limited number of teachers who were not accompanied with good understanding about school-based management encourage lower performance.
Institutionalizing Pancasila Values as Strengthening National Character through Standardization of Materials and Methods of Fostering Pancasila Ideology in Informal Education (Family and Society)
Authors: Budiman Lestanta , Hastangka Hastangka
Published: May 2021

The values of Pancasila were introduced as the living values of the community, nation, and state since Pancasila was laid as the foundation of the state and the nation's outlook on life. From the axiological aspect, the values of Pancasila have existed for hundreds of years. These values are then documented in the form of a formula called Pancasila. In the aspect of social, national, and state life, the values of Pancasila began to be institutionalized formally with general standards and criteria by a government policy known as the Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila (P4) containing the guidelines for living and practicing Pancasila values in the 1978s. The implementation of the policy resulted in the formulation of criteria and general standards of Pancasila values known as points of Pancasila. In the period, there were 36 points of Pancasila formulated. Those points of Pancasila are the foundation and guideline in shaping the characters of the citizens, state administrators, and the youth. Ironically, these criteria and standards were abolished in the 1999 reform period. This study will reformulate the institutionalization of Pancasila values for strengthening the national character through standardization of materials and methods of fostering Pancasila ideology in informal education (in family and community). This study was conducted in 2020 through literature studies, focus group discussions with communities, families, and family education experts. The result of this study shows that the institutionalization of Pancasila values in the community and families can be implemented through 8 functions of structural and non-structural families in form of socialization, cultural art media, and innovative methods.
Strengthening Pancasila Values Through Karangtaruna Activities In Wieorugunan Village In Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Suyahman Suyahman
Published: May 2021

The subject matter of the research was formulated: What is the strengthening of Pancasila values through Karangtaruna activities in Wirogunan Village, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency during the Covid 19 pandemic. Research subjects: Karangtaruna management and members, and the objects are Pancasila values and Karangtaruna activities. Data collection methods: interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis. The results of the research were based on the results of interviews conducted with the management and members of the Karangtaruna group. Information was obtained: strengthening Pancasila values through Karangtaruna activities carried out by: 1. Religious values carried out by studying the Koran. 2. Human values: providing food and drink for residents who are self-isolating, 3. Unity value: maintaining a portal to monitor the exit of residents in an effort to anticipate the transmission of the Covid 19 virus, 4. Democratic value: regular meetings held by deliberation and consensus, 5 The value of fairness: treating all members and administrators fairly. The conclusion is that the strengthening of Pancasila values through Karangtaruna activities in Wirogunan Village, Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency is carried out by applying Pancasila values in all Karangtaruna activities.
Foster Indonesian Diversity from School by Building the Character of Pancasila Students
Authors: Nurani Sri
Published: May 2021

Caring for the Diversity of Schools by Building the Character of Pancasila Students. The background is the phenomenon of viral news related to the issue of the dynamics of diversity in the educational environment. This news quickly spread to become a hot issue that was feared could have a negative impact. Because the Indonesian nation stands on a foundation of diversity / diversity, this condition is a problem that must be resolved so that it does not develop into a bigger conflict while preventing and minimizing it. The research method used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, literature study and interviews. The results of the research show that there is an assumption that diversity / diversity can endanger the integrity of the nation, is a reason to maintain diversity in order to remain in wholeness and unity. Schools as intellectual communities and as miniatures of national diversity must be able to care for this diversity by building the character of Pancasila students. Pancasila students are lifelong students who have global competence and behave according to the values of Pancasila, namely: Believing & being devoted to God Almighty and Moral Morals, Global Diversity, Mutual Cooperation, Independent, Critical Reason, Creative.
Fostering an Attitude of Nationalism to the Students of SMP Negeri Panjatan Through The Philosophical Value of Batik Gebleg Renteng Toward The Values of Pancasila
Authors: Andoko Andi , Warto Warto , Djono Djono
Published: May 2021

This study aims to foster the nationalistic attitude of students of SMP Negeri Panjatan, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region through the philosophical values of Gebleg Renteng related to Pancasila values. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data sources are taken from books, journals and supporting documents related to research. The main characteristics in the research come from the natural / reality background at Panjatan State Junior High School by observing, interviewing, and analyzing documents. After the data is collected, the researcher analyzes and then concludes the results of the data that have been obtained. The results of this study are the motifs in the Gebleg Renteng batik, including Gebleg in the form of a figure eight combined into one bond (jointly), the kacer bird, the mangosteen fruit, the binangun symbol, the Kulon Progo logo, up and down patterns and other variations. Gebleg Renteng's batik motif can be taken from a philosophical value, namely nationalism. Values are always associated with moral ethics or character so that the philosophical values in Gebleg Renteng's batik can be used to foster students' nationalistic attitudes through learning. An attitude of nationalism must be instilled in the younger generation in order to understand the importance of the Indonesian struggle for independence. The value contained in Gebleg Renteng's batik is nationalism in accordance with what is the basis of the Republic of Indonesia, namely Pancasila. Pancasila is an Indonesian state ideology which has very meaningful values in building the nation and state. Pancasila is taken from the values of customs, cultural and religious values that exist in the life of the Indonesian people so that Pancasila must be maintained for the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Pancasila Values in the Business Event Against Entrepreneurial Attitudes
Authors: Monalisa Monalisa
Published: May 2021

This study examines the importance of Pancasila values in the field of entrepreneurship and the method used in this research is the case study method. Pancasila is the ideology of the Indonesian nation which includes important values to be applied in the world of entrepreneurship. In a business event, such as the simplypopupmarket event which was held during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely the Nummy Local brand (Hanum Mega), Hair Repair (Audi Marisa) and other brands without being based on Pancasila values, business events will easily split. An entrepreneur or brand owner must be based on the values of Pancasila. When an event is held by an event program owner, a brand owner not only sees other brands or other booths as a threat to himself, but sees that the booth is his business partner so that all local products can compete together without destroying national unity and unity. . As was done by Audi Marisa (Hair Repair) as well as public figures who visited each booth at the event. at the same time buying other products to support local products to remain victorious in Indonesia. A good entrepreneur is a person who struggles based on the values of Pancasila.
Historical Review of The Origin of Pancasila as A Philosophical Basis for The Implementation of Pancasila Economic System
Authors: Lenggono P. Setia
Published: May 2021

The economic system is very important for a nation because it has two main functions, namely a guide to directing the economy and coordinating various economic activities carried out by economic actors with different preferences. This paper presents the Pancasila Economic System (read: SEP) as an economic system structured as a joint effort based on the principle of kinship. An important foundation in regulating and managing the national economy as mandated by the 1945 Constitution. By conducting a historical and philosophical review of the origins (ontology) of Pancasila which is the basis for thinking in formulating the epistemological and axiological foundations that should be the basis for implementing national economic development, this paper reveals that SEP is a “own system” that is uniquely Indonesian. A consensus from the founders of the state in realizing the ideals of independence, in order to create the greatest possible prosperity with all the people.
The Argument of Kampung Tangguh Pancasila as a Process of Strengthening Pancasila as Living Values (a respect note to The late Prof. Dr. Hermanu Joebagio, M.Pd.)
Authors: Saptaningtyas Haryani , Ramdhon Akhmad , Abdilla Ardeti Jeni
Published: May 2021

This paper is a respect note as well as an afterthought on the ideas of The late Prof. Dr. Hermanu Joebagio, M.Pd. about Pancasila as Living Values and how it was conceptualized as the design of the Kampung Tangguh Pancasila program. Kampung Tanggung Pancasila is a work to present the campus as an academic space and a space for community service as well as a bottom-up approach process that explores the values of Pancasila that were practiced by the community.
Distal Biceps Reconstruction With an Alternative Technique for Tendon Tensioning and Fixation
Authors: Leite Maria João , Silva Miguel Relvas , Sousa António , Vieira Alberto , Neves Nuno , Ribeiro da Silva Manuel
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 41-year-old right-handed male patient presented to our institution with a chronic distal biceps rupture after failed primary surgery 6 months previously. We performed a reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft fixed proximally with a Pulvertaft weave and distally with a cortical button plus interference screw. The patient showed complete pain resolution and excellent functional results.

Conclusion:

This is the first case described with the use of a cortical button plus interference screw distally for distal biceps reconstruction after chronic distal biceps rupture. The option of doing the Pulvertaft proximally first also allowed us to fine-tune the final graft tension.
Sciatic Nerve Entrapment and Transection in a Combined Pelvic Ring-Acetabular Fracture
Authors: Wuellner John C , Shieh Alvin K , Eastman Jonathan G
Published: May 2021

Case:

A traumatic sciatic nerve entrapment and transection because of a combined pelvic ring injury and acetabular fracture has never previously been described. We report such a case of a 32-year-old man who was found intraoperatively to have entrapment and transection of the sciatic nerve within the acetabular fracture.

Conclusion:

Consideration for urgent intervention should be given to patients who present with a sciatic nerve palsy in the setting of certain acetabular fracture patterns with residual posterior column displacement. Early recognition and intervention with neurolysis may help provide the best environment for recovery.
Music, Mayhem, and Management
Authors: Ford Mike
Published: May 2021

This piece examines the ways in which management consulting firms have co-opted concepts drawn from jazz and improvised music to develop corporate responses to the pandemic.
Analysis of convergent and parallel amino acid substitutions in the HSP90AA1 gene among high-elevation anurans
Authors: Tao Joyce
Published: May 2021

A significant amount of convergent and parallel amino acid substitutions in the HSP90AA1 gene has been detected among four species of high-elevation anurans: Bufo tibetanus, Scutiger boulengeri, Rana kukunoris, and Nanorana parkeri. As HSP proteins are involved in response to environmental stress, it is possible these mutations play a role in high-elevation adaptation. In this study, I investigated the functional consequences of these substitutions and inferred their potential links to adaptation. I examined HSP90AA1 sequences of 13 anuran species previously studied. Using PROVEAN, I isolated three deleterious mutations: P65S, K195A, and _199I, each shared between two of the high-elevation species. I further analyzed the protein structure, stability change, and structural damage using model predictions. Based on its buried location and cavity expansion, P65S was predicted to most likely alter protein function. Furthermore, I examined HSP90AA1 sequences of over 100 other animal species available from public databases and found that serine at site 65 is ubiquitously present in cold-water fish, suggesting the substitution is related to cold adaptation. Alanine at site 195 and isoleucine at site 199 were not found in any other species, but these substitutions also might impact protein function as they are predicted to be destabilizing and their ancestral residues have reported post-translational modifications in orthologs. Tests of protein function and an investigation of more sequences from high-elevation species would help to further link these substitutions to adaptation, particularly P65S. Identifying mutations that contribute to high-elevation adaptation would aid in uncovering the molecular mechanisms of adaptation.
Percepción del riesgo en viajes compartidos. Efectos de la «Ubereconomía» en el transporte de taxis
Authors: Bevilacqua Solon , Neira-Villena John Edward
Published: May 2021

En este estudio se investiga la percepción del riesgo y el contagio en red en el consumo de viajes compartidos — Uber y Carpooling—. El universo del estudio se relaciona directamente con los mercados impactados por la «Ubereconomía», principalmente, los taxis y los demás medios de transporte urbano. La hipótesis central de este estudio propone que los riesgos se diseminan a partir de una relación interpersonal entre participantes de una comunidad y el hecho de que ese riesgo puede ser propagado por un primer actor. La brecha explorada en este estudio contempla el contagio de la percepción del riesgo en economías de acceso para viajes compartidos y su impacto en el mercado de taxis. Los descubrimientos de la investigación indican que la seguridad y el confort son los principales aspectos del consumo de viajes compartidos. También se indican fallas en el sistema de evaluación de los usuarios y de los prestadores de servicio al realizar la validación del perfil a partir de redes sociales como Facebook y otros. El análisis permite concluir que, dado que la seguridad y la comodidad son atributos clave, cabe desarrollar funciones en las plataformas que tengan como objetivo mejorar los aplicativos, principalmente, en la de evaluación de los involucrados y en los indicadores de mantenimiento de los vehículos. Finalmente se establece la posibilidad extender los hallazgos de esta investigación para los otros negocios realizados en plataformas digitales de economía compartida.
Genome sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum phage P2
Authors: Ma Ruirui , Zhao Jie , Lv Ruirui , Guo She , Chen Xia
Published: May 2021

Lactobacillus plantarum phage P2 was isolated and purified from failed MRS fermentation broth of Lactobacillus plantarum IMAU10120. Its morphology indicates this phage belongs to Siphoviridae family. Its genome length was 77,937 bp and the G+C content was 39.28 %, including 96 coding sequences (CDS) and 2 tRNA genes. Through genomic and phylogenetic analysis, it revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum phage P2 is a novel phage. The predicted proteins were involved in DNA replication and packaging, virus metabolism and host adsorption or lysis were found.
Influence of comorbidity on hospital outcomes among patients with COVID-19 using electronic records from a nationwide Healthcare System in Peru
Authors: Tenorio-Mucha Janeth , Soto-Becerra Percy , Araujo-Castillo Roger V. , HURTADO-ROCA YAMILEE
Published: May 2021

Background
Large cases reported that older age and comorbidity are predictors for poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, context-specific evidence relevant in low-and middle-income countries is still pending.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records of confirmed cases admitted in hospitalization areas from the Peruvian Social Health Insurance. The main variable was the presence of comorbidities and the outcomes were in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit admission, and in/out hospital mortality. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the Log-Rank test to compare time-to-event outcomes between comorbidities groups. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Statistical analyses were conducted with a significance level of 5%.
Results
In patients with ICU admission or in-hospital death, 45.99% had one comorbidity and 50.26% had two or more comorbidities. Using in/out hospital deaths up to 60 days as the outcome, the overall survival of patients with two comorbidities is lower than patients with one comorbidity, and both are lowest than a patient without comorbidities (Log-rank test p = 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, severity, and hospital care network patients with one comorbidity (HR: 1.16; IC 95 %: 1.04–1.31) and with two or more comorbidities (HR: 1.13; IC 95%: 1.01–1.26) are at higher risk to die compared with those without comorbidities.
Conclusion
The presence of comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are risk factors for ICU admission and mortality. Proper identification of these factors can help to identify patients at higher risk in hospital admission and provide specialized care to prevent deaths.
Commensal Rodents in 19th Century Australasia: Diversity, Invasion Routes and the China Connection
Authors: Veale Andrew James , King Carolyn , Johnson Wayne , Shepherd Lara
Published: May 2021

The present genetic diversity of commensal rodent populations is often used to inform the invasion histories of these species, and as a proxy for historical events relating to the movement of people and goods. These studies assume that modern genetic diversity generally reflects early colonising events. We investigate this idea by sequencing the mitochondrial DNA of rodent bones found in a 19th-century archaeological site in The Rocks area of Sydney, Australia, the location of the first historical European port. We identified 19th-century bones from two species, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus domesticus. We found six genetic haplotypes in the 39 Norway rats, showing either multiple early introductions or a diverse initial founding population. One of them was identical with Norhap01 common in the North Island of New Zealand, but none was like the haplotype Norhap02 found throughout the South Island. We found three haplotypes in seven house mice, all belonging to the dominant subspecies established in Australia, M.m. domesticus. There was no evidence for M. m. castaneus or M. m. musculus having established there. We had few modern R. norvegicus and M. musculus DNA sequences from Sydney, but those we had did tentatively support the hypotheses that (1) modern samples can represent at least a preliminary estimate of historical diversities and origins, and (2) Asian haplotypes of both Norway rats and of house mice reached the South Island of New Zealand early in colonial times direct from China rather than through Port Jackson.
Fumigant Toxicity of Cleistopholis patens (Benth) Oil extracts on Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) and Its Toxicological Effects in Wistar Rats
Authors: Olorunsogbon Sunday Tope , Akinneye Joseph , Olowu Eniola
Published: May 2021

Background: The efficacy of root and stem barks oil of Cleistopholis patens as a fumigant agent on Plodia interpunctella infesting maize grains as well as its toxic potential in wistar rats were investigated. Both plant oils were used for fumigant bioassay while only the root oil extract was used for all toxicological studies due to its higher toxicity on P. interpunctella when compared to stem oil extract. Both insects and wistar rats were exposed to different concentrations (0.0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) of the extract. 36 wistar rats were divided into Group A-F and each group received different concentrations of the oil extract except for Group A that received only Dimethyl sulphide saline and various toxicological tests were conducted. Results: Result shows that both stem and root extracts significantly evoked (p<0.05) higher larva and adult mortality in treated grains when compared to both controls except at 5% of both oil extracts. Ten percent root oil extract achieved 50% mortality in Plodia interpunctella within 48hrs and 25% achieved 100% mortality in larva and adult of Plodia interpunctella within 72hrs when compared to the amount needed to achieve 50% and 100% mortality in stem oil extract within 48hrs and 72hrs. Irrespective of the concentration administered to the animal, there were no significant alteration (p>0.05) in the toxicological test using both liver and kidney biochemical parameters.Conclusion: This study shows that root oil extract of C. patens is a very good fumigant poison to Plodia interpunctella with no toxic impact in wistar rats.
BER Analysis of FSO System with Airy Beam as Carrier Over Exponentiated Weibull Channel Model
Authors: Xingchun Chu , Liu Rongjiang , Li Yi , Ni Yanhui , Wang Xiang , Han Zhongxiang
Published: May 2021

Average Bit Error Rate (BER) expression of free-space optical (FSO) communication links with Airy beam as signal carrier under weak atmospheric turbulence and on-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme is derived based on scintillation index of Airy beam and Exponentiated Weibull (EW) channel model. The average BER has been evaluated at different transverse scale factors and exponential decay factors of Airy beam and link distances. And comparison of the average BER of FSO links with Airy beam and Gaussian beam as signal carrier has been carried out. The simulation results show that the average BER of FSO links with Airy beam as carrier decreases with the increase of mean signal to noise ratio (SNR) and increases with the increase of transmission distance. When the transverse scale factor is about 1.5cm, a lower average BER can be obtained. And the smaller the exponential decay factor is, the lower the average BER is. Under the same atmospheric turbulence condition, the average BER of FSO links with Airy beam as carrier is obviously better than that of FSO links with Gaussian beam as carrier. The results of this research have some significance for the application of Airy beam in FSO system.
Lung Function and Breathing Patterns in Hospitalised COVID-19 Survivors: a Review of Post-COVID-19 Clinics
Authors: Stockley James , Alhuthail Eyas A , Coney Andrew M , Parekh Dhruv , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Gautam Nandan , Madathil Shyam , Cooper Brendan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: There is relatively little published on the effects of COVID-19 on respiratory physiology, particularly breathing patterns. We sought to determine if there were lasting detrimental effect following hospital discharge and if these related to the severity of COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed lung function and breathing patterns in COVID-19 survivors >3 months after discharge, comparing patients who had been admitted to the intensive therapy unit (ITU) (n=47) to those who just received ward treatments (n=45). Lung function included spirometry and gas transfer and breathing patterns were measured with structured light plethysmography. Continuous data were compared with an independent t-test or Mann Whitney-U test (depending on distribution) and nominal data were compared using a Fisher’s exact test (for 2 categories in 2 groups) or a chi-squared test (for >2 categories in 2 groups). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.Results: We found evidence of pulmonary restriction (reduced vital capacity and/or alveolar volume) in 65.4% of all patients. 36.1% of all patients has a reduced transfer factor (TLCO) but the majority of these (78.1%) had a preserved/increased transfer coefficient (KCO), suggesting an extrapulmonary cause. There were no major differences between ITU and ward lung function although KCO alone was higher in the ITU patients (p = 0.03). This could be explained partly by obesity, respiratory muscle fatigue, localised microvascular changes, or haemosiderosis from lung damage. Abnormal breathing patterns were observed in 18.8% of subjects, although no consistent pattern of breathing pattern abnormalities was evident.Conclusions: An “extrapulmonary restrictive” like pattern appears to be a common phenomenon in previously admitted COVID-19 survivors. Whilst the cause of this is not clear, the effects seem to be similar on patients whether or not they received mechanical ventilation or had ward based respiratory support/supplemental oxygen.
YouTube as a Source of Information during the Covid-19Pandemic: A Content Analysis of YouTube Videos published During January to March 2020
Authors: Parabhoi Lambodara Parabhoi Lambodara , Sahu Ramani Ranjan Sahu Ramani Ranjan , Dewey Rebecca Susan Dewey Dr. Rebecca Susan , Verma Manoj Kumar Verma Dr Manoj Kumar , Seth Arbind Seth Mr. Arbind , Parabhoi Damodar Parabhoi Damodar
Published: May 2021

Background

Institutions, government departments, and healthcare professionals engage in social media because it facilitates reaching a large number of people simultaneously. YouTube provides a platform whereby anyone can upload videos and gain feedback on their content from other users. There are many YouTube videos related to health and science, and many people search YouTube for health-related information. YouTube has been acknowledged as a key public information source in recent crises caused by Zika, H1N1, swine flu, and most recently, COVID-19.
Methods

YouTube videos were collected from the YouTube Application Programming Interface (API) using the search terms COVID-19, coronavirus, COVID19, and corona. The search was conducted on April 4 and 5, 2020.The initial search found a total of 1084 videos. The second step involved identifying and verifying the videos for their relationship to COVID-19 information and excluding videos that did not relate to COVID-19 or were in a language other than English and Hindi.
Results

An analysis of YouTube videos covering COVID-19, uploaded in early 2020, in English and Hindi. The sample comprised 349 videos (n = 334 English). Videos were characterized by contributor, duration, content, and reception (views/likes/dislikes/comments). The majority contained general information, with only 4.01% focusing on symptoms, and 11.17% on treatment and outcomes. Short videos of under 10 minutes’ duration were the most effective. Videos provided by government/health organizations were of the highest quality. 71.63% of videos were uploaded by news channels.
Conclusions

YouTube may provide a significant resource for the dissemination of information on public health issues like outbreaks of viral infections, and should be utilized by healthcare agencies for this purpose. However, there is currently no way to determine whether a video has been produced or verified by authorized healthcare professionals. This limitation needs to be addressed so that the vital distribution services offered by platforms like YouTube can be fully utilized for increasing understanding of healthcare science, particularly during a crisis such as a pandemic.
Ecological niche models applied to post-megafire vegetation restoration in the context of climate change
Authors: García María Cristina Carrillo , Girola-Iglesias Lucas , Guijarro Mercedes , Hernando Carmen , Madrigal Javier , Mateo Rubén G.
Published: May 2021

Context

Climate change and land-use changes are the main drivers altering fire regime and leading to the occurrence of megafires. Current management policies focus on short-term restoration without considering how climate change affects regeneration dynamics.
Objectives

We aimed to test the usefulness of ecological niche models (ENMs) in post-fire restoration plans, assessing the short and long-term effects (climate change) of tree species distribution. We, also, examined different important conceptual and methodological aspects.
Methods

We executed ENM for the four main tree species in an area affected by a megafire in Central Spain following a hierarchical approach and precise resolution (25 meters), at two scales (local and regional), two sampling strategies (regular 2 years after the fire, and opportunistic 14 years after the fire) at local scale, and under two future climate change scenarios.
Results

ENMs were reliable (AUC > 0.9). Local models generated with data from an opportunistic sampling strategy in a stable phase of vegetation succession (14 years after the fire) provided valuable information for decision-making in post-fire management for current time. But, regional models are capable of projecting the whole climatic niche of species to determine the potential effect of climate change on the vegetation.
Conclusion

The usefulness of ENMs as support tools in decision-making for post-fire management was confirmed for the first time. ENMs projected at different scales provide valuable information for decision-making in post-fire management. This framework can be applied in other areas to manage the restoration of areas affected by megafires considering climate change scenarios.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of biobased packaging solutions for Extended Shelf-Life (ESL) milk
Authors: Cappiello Giulia , Aversa Clizia , Genovesi Annalisa , Barletta Massimiliano
Published: May 2021

The dairy market is one of the most important sectors worldwide and milk packaging contributes to over one third of the global dairy packaging demand. The end-of-life of the disposable packages is a critical stage of their life cycle, as demonstrated by the fact that disposable bottles are one of the litter items that are most found on beach shores. The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of Bio-plastic bottles compared to other alternatives currently in use in the milk packaging sector, using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Bio-compostable plastic can be a powerful means to create a circular economy for disposable items. A PLA-based bottle is compared to a PET bottle, a HDPE bottle, a Multilayer carton and a Glass bottle. In the analysis, also secondary and tertiary packaging is included. The functional unit chosen is “the packaging needed to contain 1 litre of ESL milk and to guarantee a shelf life of 30 days”. Two sensitivity analysis are also performed in order to assess the influence of the end-of-life stage on the total impact. The results show that Bioplastic system has a better performance than fossil-based systems and Multilayer carton in the categories of Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Human toxicity and Freshwater Eutrophication. The recycling scenario strongly changes the impact of the Glass packaging system in the considered categories.
Prognostic Value of Different N1 Lymph Node Zones in pN1M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer：A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Hu Fengling , Lin Chutong , Chu Hongling , Ren Peng , Wang Jingdi , Ma Shaohua
Published: May 2021

Background: The IASLC lymph node map grouped the lymph node stations into "zones" for prognostic analyses. In the N1 lymph nodes group, N1 nodes are divided into the Hilar/Interlobar zone (N1h) and Peripheral zone (N1p). There is no consensus on the different prognostic values of N1 lymph nodes in N1h and N1p. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the survival difference between N1h and N1p in patients of pN1M0 NSCLC. Methods: Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of science were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published up to April 4th, 2020. A retrospective cohort study and prospective cohort study comparing N1h vs. N1p to the pN1M0 NSCLC were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) for OS were aggregated according to a fixed or random-effect model.Results: Ten publications for 1946 patients of pN1M0 NSCLC were included for the meta-analysis. OS was lower for patients with N1h (HR: 1.67, 95%CI 1.44-1.94; P < 0.001). The pooled 5-year OS in N1h and N1p were 40% and 56%, respectively.Conclusions: The patients in pN1M0 NSCLC have different survival according to different N1 lymph node zones involvement: patients with N1p metastasis have a better prognosis than those with N1h metastasis.
Multiomics Study of Key Differentially Expressed Methylation Genes in HCC Based on Epigenome and Transcriptome Analyses
Authors: Wang Yu , Qi Fei , Wang Xun , Jin Shi , He Hui
Published: May 2021

Objective: To screen out key differentially expressed methylation genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by extracting data from the NCBI-GEO and TCGA databases, discuss the interaction of key genes in HCC and explore the influence of these genes on tumor progression.Methods: The clinical information and sequence data of HCC patients and healthy controls were extracted from the NCBI-GEO and TCGA databases. The module that presented the highest correlation with the tumor phenotypes was selected by the WGCNA network and TOM analysis. GO and KEGG analyses were used for signaling pathway analysis. Key differentially expressed genes were screened out from the module. KM plot analysis was performed to determine the impact of key genes on patient survival. The relationship between core genes and tumor immune infiltration was also discussed. Drug sensitivity analysis was performed to observe the sensitivity of key genes methylated by chemotherapeutic drugs and thus determine the associated effects on patient prognosis. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of the genes involved in tumor progression were analyzed by GSVA, and the interactions between key genes were revealed using Gene MANIA analysis.Results: A total of 373 differentially expressed genes were screened, including 88 upregulated genes and 285 downregulated genes. Three of these genes, CHST4, CRHBP, and IGFBP3, were found to be abnormally methylated in HCC patients and significantly associated with expected survival. The relationship between these key genes and tumor immune invasion was confirmed, and these genes play a protumor or antitumor role through immune cell mediation. In addition, we found that CHST4 and IGFBP3 expression can significantly reduce the sensitivity of several commonly used chemotherapy drugs to tumor cells, while CRHBP expression plays a synergistic role with chemotherapy drugs to enhance mutual effects. The participation of these genes in specific signaling pathways involved in liver metabolism and tumor progression has also been identified. Finally, complex interactions between the three core genes and other related genes were presented.Conclusion: The CHST4, CRHBP and IGFBP3 genes present significant methylation and differential expression in HCC, are involved in tumor immune infiltration, and affect chemotherapy drug sensitivity. As potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, they may be beneficial to the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients in the future.
Newcastle disease virus-induced caspase-independent apoptosis pathway in BHK-21 cells
Authors: Wang Chen-Wei , Lin Chia-Ying , Chung Sheng-Chang , Shih Wen-Ling , Lin Tzu-Chieh , Thongchan Duangsuda​ , wu hung-yi
Published: May 2021

Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important virus for humans. It is highly lethal in fowl and is newly identified as an oncolytic virus for cancer treatment. In vivo, NDV induces spleen, thymus, bursa, and mesenteric gland cell apoptosis, thereby causing immunosuppression. In vitro , NDV can induce apoptosis by caspase-dependent pathways including the mitochondria-mediated pathway and death receptor-mediated pathway. Methods: In this study, the major materials were baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, NDV virus ( Miyadera strain; 10 3.8 TCID 50 /μl), and pan-caspase inhibiter Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk). All of the experiments used a viral infection MOI of 1. Apoptosis was confirmed using DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assay. Finally, the apoptosis-independent pathway was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Results: In this study, we differentiate between the caspase group and caspase inhibition group (added 100 µM pan-caspase inhibitor [z-VAD-fmk]) in BHK-21 cells treated with NDV at 0, 12, and 24 h. In the DNA fragmentation and TUNEL assays, the apoptosis appears at 12 h and apoptosis increases over time, regardless of caspase or not. In protein level determination, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased over time, which is the opposite of how the proapoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome C, Mst3, and AIF behaved. Further, using western blot and immunofluorescent staining, we checked the AIF and Endo G translocation from the mitochondria (cytoplasmic) to the nucleus. In addition to apoptosis, we found that NDV treatment of BHK-21 cells decreased actin, regardless of caspase. The actin always decreased in the NDV-treated BHK-21 cells at 12 and 24 h. Conclusions: NDV-mediated BHK-21 cell apoptosis mechanisms involve complex pathway; when in the normal state, the caspase-dependent pathway is main apoptosis pathway; when the caspase is suppressed, the BHK-21 can switch on the caspase-independent pathway by AIF, Endo G, or Mst3 to allow apoptosis to continue.