bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carentiae and the Controversy about Negative Being
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vdovina Galina V.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the place of negations and privations in the structure of knowledge, from the point of view of the 17th century scholastic philosophy. Medieval scholasticism saw in nega­tiones and privationes those objects which formed the central area of mental being (ens rationis), that is, objects which existed only in intelligence. This traditional concept was clearly articul­ated and affirmed by Francisco Suárez in the final chapter of his “Metaphysical Disputations”. The decades following the death of Suarez in 1617 were a period of profound transformations in metaphysics, which also affected the doctrine of the mental being. The transformations were particularly evident in the changing role and place of negations and privations which were denoted by the general term carentiae, that is, negations in the broad sense. This whole area was divided into fictitious and real negations; fictitious negations remained in the ens rationis field, while real negations were taken out of it. It were real negations that attracted special attention of scholastic philosophers who tried to understand their nature and structure and, most importantly, their onto­logical status: whether they were purely logical and linguistic constructions or represented facts of the real world. The article deals with different conceptions of real carentiae in 17th century scholasticism, taken from several philosophical courses of Jesuit philosophers, such as Francisco Suárez (Senior), “Portuguese Suárez” (Francisco Suárez Junior), Thomas Compton Carleton, An­tonio Bernaldo de Quiróz, Sebastian Izquierdo and Pietro Sforza Pallavicino.
Pensando sobre o continente africano: Plano de aula em tempos de estudos remotos
Authors: Oliveira Victor Hugo
Published: January 2021

Trata-se de plano de aula cujo principal objetivo é apresentar o continente africano, no componente curricular de Geografia, para estudantes do 8º ano do ensino fundamental do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A principal intencionalidade do conjunto de 4 atividades propostas é quebrar pré-conceitos que possivelmente possam estar relacionados à África. As atividades serão desenvolvidas na modalidade de “estudos dirigidos remotos”, uma vez que a instituição encontra-se sem a realização de aulas presenciais, em decorrência da pandemia da COVID-19.
Obtenção de série histórica da evolução da classe Floresta Plantada a partir dos dados de uso e cobertura do solo da Coleção 5 do projeto MapBiomas
Authors: Gonçalves Vinicius , Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Esse trabalho utilizou dados da classificação de uso e cobertura do solo do projeto MapBiomas para avaliar a evolução da classe Floresta Plantada no período de 35 anos para a região da Ilha de Santa Catarina e Baixada do Maciambu, na região da Grande Florianópolis. Os resultados indicaram uma tendência de crescimento que incrementou o valor final em dez vezes quando comparado ao primeiro ano da classificação. Apesar do indicativo de incremento, uma análise da acurácia da classificação precisa ser realizada para subsidiar avaliações de tendência ou buscar correlações. Essa análise poderá ser realizada a partir da comparação com outros produtos cartográficos de maior resolução espacial, ou com base em dados coletados em campo. Essa avaliação poderá indicar possibilidades de melhoria no método de classificação do MapBiomas para a classe temática avaliada, nessa região.
Validação da reanálise do MERRA-2 com dados observados
Authors: Claudino Carla , Herdies Dirceu Luís , Leal de Quadro Mário Francisco , De Sales Filho Pedro Cardoso
Published: January 2021

Climate data such as temperature are key to understand a place’s dynamic. Since the classic period to study climate is thirty years, some areas face difficulties due to the lack of broad data record. Thus, one solution to this situation is the employment of reanalysis, like the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2, known as MERRA-2. Considering that the city of Itajaí, located in Santa Catarina, south of Brazil, has one automatic weather station with data since 2010, this study aimed to, statistically, evaluate MERRA-2’s data to fill the twenty-year gap in climate records for this location, regarding temperature, by analysing daily temperature records from 2010 to 2020, through basic statistic tests and other tests like Anderson-Darling normality test, paired t-test, Mann-Whiney, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, bias and polynomial regression analysis with Fitted Line Plot, all on Minitab® 18. The comparison was between observed data from A868-Itajaí automatic weather station and MERRA-2’s data. As a result, it was reached that none of the data is normally distributed, all the means and medians are different from each other, however, the observed data and the MERRA-2’s data are highly correlated. That said, this research provides substantial information to reassure the use of reanalysis data to fill the gaps due to the lack of observed temperature data in order to have a broad study when trying to comprehend a local environment.
Relação entre a disponibilidade hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Irani, localizada no oeste de Santa Catarina, região Sul do Brasil e a cobertura vegetal das biomas Amazônia, Pantanal e Mata Atlântica
Authors: Sales Filho Pedro Cardoso , Vitor Adriano , Muza Michel Nobre , Claudino Carla
Published: January 2021

A crescente demanda de uso água no âmbito mundial atrelado ao desmatamento das florestas e ao crescimento populacional pode provocar um aumento significativo dos conflitos de uso. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o período de estiagem em termos de vazão para o ano de 2019 no município de Chapecó e identificar de maneira exploratória inicial as relações entre a cobertura vegetal do Bioma Amazônia, Pantanal e Mata-Atlântica com dados de uma estação fluviométrica do Oeste de Santa Catarina, região Sul do Brasil. Utilizando dados de cobertura vegetal do Map Biomas, dados da estação fluviométrica Barca do Irani e dados da estação convencional meteorológica de Chapecó realizou-se a correlação Rô de Spearmam com Minitab 18®.  A análise dos dados de vazão da estação fluviométrica Barca Irani, demonstrou que o Rio Irani passou por um período de estiagem recente. Os dados da correlação Rô de Spearmam demonstrou haver uma forte correlação positiva entre a cobertura vegetal no bioma Amazônia e no bioma Pantanal (r = 0,997), o mesmo não foi observado para o bioma Mata Atlântica. Os dados das médias vazões mínimas absolutas anuais da estação fluviométrica Barca Irani apresentaram correlação moderada positiva em relação aos dados de cobertura vegetal no bioma Amazônia (r = 0,507) bem como do bioma Pantanal (r = 0,494). A disponibilidade hídrica na estação fluviométrica estudada pode estar sendo influenciada pela umidade proveniente da evapotranspiração da floresta Amazônica, vinda através dos Jatos de Baixos Níveis, e que podem estar impactando diretamente na precipitação local.
Aplicação de óleos essenciais no controle alternativo da antracnose no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Deivisson , Bossi Mauro , Dranka Bruno , Gonçalves Lilian , Tosetto Mateus , Tomelin Danilo , Silva Adalberto
Published: January 2021

O uso descontrolado de agrotóxicos em lavouras nos sistemas de produção agrícola nos impulsionou a buscar por medidas alternativas no controle de doença fúngica de potencial relevante como é o caso da antracnose em lavouras de banana e de maracujá, tornando estas medidas de controle menos agressivas ao meio ambiente e ao ser humano. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo reunir publicações com potencial antifúngico de óleos essenciais no controle alternativo de Colletotrichum sp.
Metformin Ameliorates Scleroderma Via Inhibiting Th17 Cells and Reducing mTOR-STAT3 Signaling in Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Moon Jeonghyeon , Lee Seon-yeong , Choi Jeong Won , Lee Aram , Yoo Jin Hee , Moon Su-Jin , Park Sung-Hwan , Cho Mi-La
Published: January 2021

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that causes dermal fibrosis. It occurs when collagen accumulates in tissue as a result of persistent inflammation. Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α play important roles in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Because metformin, a medication used to treat diabetes, has effective immunoregulatory functions, we investigated its therapeutic function in scleroderma. Mice in a model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma were treated with metformin for 2 weeks. Histological assessment demonstrated protective effects of metformin against scleroderma. Metformin decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in dermal tissue and lymphocytes. It also decreased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α) and fibrosis-inducing molecules both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that metformin treatment has anti-inflammatory effects on lymphocytes via the inhibition of IL-17 and cytokines related to Th17 differentiation, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. To investigate how metformin modulates the inflammatory process in skin fibroblasts, we measured mTOR-STAT3 signaling in skin fibroblasts and found that mTOR and STAT3 protein expression were decreased by metformin treatment. These results suggest that metformin has potential to treat scleroderma by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory activity mediated by mTOR-STAT3 signaling.
ADAM10 is involved in the oncogenic process and chemo-resistance of triple-negative breast cancer via regulating Notch1 signaling pathway, CD44 and PrPc
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Lin Lishuang , Li Xiaoyan , Lu Aiqi , Hou Chenjian , Wu Qian , Hu Xiaomu , Zhou Zhongwen , Chen ZhongQing , Tang Feng
Published: January 2021

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging breast cancer subtype to treat, because it is so aggressive with shorter survival. Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment due to the lack of specific and effective molecular targets. The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential roles of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) on TNBC cells and the effects of combining ADAM10 expression and neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment (NACT) to improve the overall survival in breast cancer patients.Methods: Using a series of breast cancer cell lines, we measured the expression of ADAM10 and its substrates by quantitative real-time PCR assay (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell migration and invasion, cell proliferation, drug sensitivity assay, cell cycle and apoptosis were conducted in MDA-MB-231 cells cultured with ADAM10 siRNA. The effect of ADAM10 down-regulation by siRNA on its substrates was assessed by western blot analysis. We performed immunohistochemical staining for ADAM10 in clinical breast cancer tissues in 94 patients receiving NACT.Results: The active form of ADAM10 was highly expressed in TNBC cell lines. Knockdown of ADAM10 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the IC50 value of paclitaxel and adriamycin, while induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. And these changes were correlated with down-regulation of Notch signaling, CD44 and cellular prion protein (PrPc). In clinical breast cancer cases, a high ADAM10 expression in pre-NACT samples was strongly associated with poorer response to NACT and shorter overall survival. Conclusions: These data suggest the previously unrecognized roles of ADAM10 in contributing to the progression and chemo-resistance of TNBC.
Comprehensively addressing postpartum maternal health: A content and image review of commercially available mobile health apps
Authors: Tucker Laura , Villagomez Alan Cuevas , Krishnamurti Tamar
Published: January 2021

Background: The United States is currently facing a maternal morbidity and mortality crisis, with the highest rates of any resource-rich nation. In efforts to address this, new guidelines for postpartum care suggest that mobile health apps can help provide complementary clinical support for new mothers during the postpartum period. However, to date no study has evaluated existing mobile health tools targeted to this time period for sufficiency of maternal health information, inclusivity of people of color, or accessibility to users.Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were used to review the peripartum apps from the Apple and Google Play stores in either the Health/Fitness, Medical, or Education categories. Apps were then evaluated for extent and quality of maternal health information, inclusivity of people of color, and accessibility to app users.Results: Of the 301 apps from the Apple and Google Play stores, 25 met criteria for final evaluation. Of the 30 maternal health topics coded for, the median number addressed by apps was 19.5 (65%). Peripartum behaviors were more frequently addressed than peripartum outpatient care topics and peripartum acute health risks. The amount of maternal health information correlated positively with the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) quality score of the app, and inclusivity of people of color in app imagery also correlated positively with the MARS quality score. Only 8 apps (32%) portrayed greater than 24% images of people of color- the percent of non-white Americans according to 2019 census estimates. There was no correlation between number of users as estimated by number of store ratings and MARS quality. In addition, apps with clinical authority had greater MARS engagement, information, aesthetics, and quality scores, but did not have greater numbers of store ratings.Conclusions: Current commercially available peripartum apps overall do not provide adequate maternal health information, are not inclusive of women of color, and are not optimally accessible to the target users. Apps authored with clinical authority and higher-quality apps, by MARS score, are more likely to meet these standards, but are not more likely to be downloaded and used.
The Situation of Elderly With Cognitive Impairment Living at Home During Lockdown in the Corona-pandemic in Germany
Authors: Thyrian Jochen René , Kracht Friederike , Nikelski Angela , Boekholt Melanie , Schumacher-Schönert Fanny , Rädke Anika , Michalowsky Bernhard , Vollmar Horst Christian , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Rodriguez Francisca S. , Kreisel Stefan H.
Published: January 2021

Background: The outbreak of the Corona virus is a challenge for health care systems worldwide. The aim of this study is to analyze a) knowledge about, and feelings related to the Corona-pandemic. Describe b) loneliness, depression and anxiety and, c) the perceived, immediate impact of the lockdown on frequency of social contacts and quality of health care provision of people with cognitive impairment during social distancing and lockdown in the primary care system and living at home in Germany. Methods: This analysis is based on data of a telephone-based assessment in a convenience sample of n=141 people with known cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. Data on e.g. cognitive and psychological status prior to the pandemic was available. Attitudes, knowledge about and perceived personal impact of the pandemic, social support, loneliness, anxiety, depression, change in the frequency of social activities due to the pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on health care related services were assessed during the time of lockdown. Results: The vast majority of participants are sufficiently informed about Corona (85%) and most think that the measures taken are appropriate (64%). A total of 11% shows one main symptom of a depression according to DSM-V. The frequency of depressive symptoms has not increased between the time before pandemic and lockdown in almost all participants. The sample shows minimal (65.0%) or low symptoms of anxiety (25%). The prevalence of loneliness is 10%. On average seven activities have decreased in frequency due to the pandemic. Social activities related to meeting people, dancing or visiting birthdays have decreased significantly. Talking with friends by phone and activities like gardening have increased. Utilization of health care services like day clinics, relief services and prescribed therapies have been reported to have worsened due to the pandemic. Visits to general practitioners decreased. Conclusions: The study shows a small impact of the pandemic on psychological variables like depression, anxiety and loneliness in the short-term. There is a decrease in social activities as expected. The impact on health care provision is prominent. There is a need for qualitative, in-depth studies to further interpret the results.
Reducing Moringa Leaflet Abscission after Irradiation and during Shipping
Authors: Paull Robert E. , Uruu Gail
Published: January 2021

Moringa (Moringa oleifera), also known as the pot herb drumstick or horseradish leaves, requires irradiation treatment for insect disinfestation before shipping to the west coast of the United States from Hawai’i. This irradiation treatment as well as packing and air shipment leads to leaflet abscission. To minimize this abscission, the shipper had been including frozen gel packs in the shipping carton. However, these packs are heavy and lead to chilling injury on the leaflets and the development of mold on the leaves adjacent to the gel pack. Holding and shipping the product at 12 °C negated the need for the frozen gel packs. Inclusion of a sachet of 1-methylcyclopropene in the carton significantly reduced leaflet abscission. Further reduction was obtained by the inclusion of an ethylene absorption sachet, thus helping to maintain the overall product quality and marketability.
Arabica coffee accessions originated from Ethiopia with resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis
Authors: Holderbaum Melina Marques , Ito Dhalton Shiguer , Santiago Débora Cristina , Shigueoka Luciana Harumi , Fernandes Lucas Eduardo , Sera Gustavo Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of Ethiopian Coffea arabica from IAPAR’s germplasm bank to Meloidogyne paranaensis. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse in IAPAR, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used with 15 treatments, eight replications and one plant per plot. 14 accessions of C. arabica from Ethiopia were evaluated and the cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4 was used as a susceptible control. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were transplanted into plastic cups with a capacity of 700 mL and 1200 eggs and/or J2 of M. paranaensis (IP) were inoculated after one month. The evaluations were performed 130 days after inoculation, when the data of the number of eggs and J2 per gram of roots, the final population of nematodes (FP) were obtained and the reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = IP / FP. To classify the resistance levels of the genotypes, the reduction of the reproduction factor (RRF) was used. The Ethiopian accessions were classified from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Most of the Ethiopian coffees were highly resistant to M. paranaensis. The genotype Geisha also showed resistance, but is still in heterozygous condition.
Comparison of methods for the extraction of proteins from root and leaf tissue of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) for proteomic analysis
Authors: Viana Luciana da Silva , Silva Paulo Pedro da , Nascimento Velber Xavier , Riffel Alessandro , Sant’Ana Antônio Euzébio Goulart
Published: January 2021

The extraction of proteins from plants is a crucial procedure for successful protein determination such as purification, separation, and mass spectrometry. Protein extraction from plant tissues is generally difficult due to the presence of various molecules (cell wall, polysaccharides, and lipids) and interfering compounds. For this reason, the step of separation of proteins is a big challenge in obtaining good results in plant proteomic studies, notably from sugarcane. The current study assesses three extraction methods to prepare protein samples for proteomic analysis. Method 1 (control): TCA/acetone, method 2: TCA/acetone modified and Method 3: Phenol/SDS/ammonium acetate. Plants of cultivar RB92579 were grown in 10L pots under ideal humidity conditions in a greenhouse for 60 days. Samples collected on leaves +1 and roots were carried out using nitrogen and stored in an ultra-freezer at -80ºC for later use in proteome assays. For the tested methods, a comparison was made between the quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the tissue of sugarcane leaves and roots. According to the results obtained, methods 2 and 3 produced the best yield in the extraction of total proteins from the leaves and roots of sugarcane, when compared to (control) method 1 (TCA/acetone). This can be observed when comparing the quantitative and qualitative data obtained using the different extraction methods. By comparing methods 2 and 3, the latter showed a massive gain of extracted proteins much greater than the first method, mainly when the extraction of total proteins from the roots are compared. Similarly, the 2-DE gels run after using method 3 showed less background, compared to method 2. Another observation was the presence of different “spots” in the 2-DE gels between the samples extracted using methods 2 and 3. Method 3 (phenol / SDS / ammonium acetate) presented better results for extraction of proteins and in the 2-DE gels, with a greater number of total and specific “spots”, greater reproducibility and less background. This method could be utilized as the standard method for proteomic studies in sugarcane.
Resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in Arabica coffee genotypes introgressed with Coffea liberica
Authors: Sera Gustavo H. , Carvalho Filipe G. , Fonseca Inês C. de B. , Shigueoka Luciana H. , Silva Santino A. da , Silva Angelita G. da , Ito Dhalton S.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to prove that Arabica coffee introgressed with C. liberica, have resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis (Mp). Open pollinated fruits were harvested from mother plants of 29 Arabica coffee genotypes from the IAPAR germplasm bank. Seeds were collected from the fruits and were sown to obtain seedlings to test the resistance to Mp. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 29 coffee genotypes, 8 replications, and one plant per plot. Cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and IPR 100 were used as susceptible and resistant checks, respectively. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were inoculated with 1,400 eggs and juveniles J2 of Mp (IP). At 120 days after inoculation, seedlings were evaluated by counting the nematodes per gram of roots, and the final nematodes population was obtained (FP). The reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = FP/IP. The reproduction factor reduction was used to classify the resistance levels of genotypes, which were classified as highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) an highly susceptible (HS). All genotypes differed from Catuaí in resistance factor (RF), five of which did not differ from IPR 100 for RF, and only the line IAPAR 15242 had RF < 1.0. Out of 28 Arabica genotypes introgressed with C. liberica, five HR, 11 R, 11 MR and one MS were identified. However, only IAPAR 15242 and IPR 100 were classified as HR and presented 100% of HR plants, but only the first showed an RF < 1.0. Results revealed that these Arabica coffee genotypes with introgression of C. liberica genes have great potential to be used in breeding programs and they are a new alternative as a source of resistance.
Integration of UAV data with soil water balance models for evaluation/monitoring of maize water stress
Authors: Claudio Alimonti , Valerio Baiocchi , Carlo Spadaro
Published: January 2021

UAV based photogrammetry and 3D mapping are gaining fast and wide applications around the world majorly due to the relatively low-cost advantage it offers in the acquisition of high resolution multispectral acquisitions, compared to Aerophotogrammetry and satellite acquisitions. This research seeks to demonstrate the applicability of UAV photogrammetry visible, multispectral and thermal in investigating some physiological indexes of plants, reflecting plant physiological traits. A maize field in Latina (Italy) was acquired using a Fly Novex drone and with different cameras for the various acquisitions and consequently for different flight heights. The obtained images were processed using different photogrammetric models and a variable number of Ground Control Points (GCPs) for the georeferencing and accuracy assessment as well. Subsequently, by combining hydrological simulation methods and the use of physical indicators of the state of water stress, a method is proposed for predicting crop water consumption. The study conducted on the agricultural land of test site has provided useful results in terms of water savings, with an estimated value of three quarters of the total cubic meters of water needed to bring the land to saturation.
Comparison of methods to evaluate resistance of lettuce genotypes against Bremia lactucae
Authors: Jacinto Ana Carolina Pires , Silveira Aline José da , Silva Isadora Gonçalves da , Castoldi Renata , Franco Carolina Andrade , Finzi Rafael Resende , Marin Marcus Vinícius , Braz Leila Trevisan , Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas
Published: January 2021

For the lettuce crop, there is no specific or standard methodology to evaluate genotype resistance of lettuce against downy mildew. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare three methodologies for the identification of resistance to downy mildew. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo Campus between 2017 and 2018. The statistical method used was a completely randomized design with 12 treatments (cultivar Solaris, used as a control; and 11 genotypes of lettuce F5: 6: UFU-Crespa 75 # 2, UFU-Crespa 189 # 2, UFU-Crespa 206 # 1, UFU-Lisa 66 # 3, UFU-Lisa 66 # 7, UFU-Lisa 215 # 3, UFU-Lisa 215 # 6, UFU-Lisa 215 # 10, UFU-Lisa 215 # 12, UFU-Lisa 215 # 13, UFU-Lisa 215 # 14) and four replications. The seeding of genotypes was carried out in transparent boxes and after 15 days the inoculation was performed using a spore suspension (1x104 sporangia/ml) and sterile deionized water for the controls. The disease progression was assessed by three methods: Mesquita, Dickinson & Crute and Horsfall & Barrat. The data were standardized and submitted to the univariate analysis of variance by the F test and multivariate analyzes. The univariate clustering results allowed the separation of the genotypes into two distinct resistance groups for the Dickinson & Crute and Mesquita methods. In the multivariate analysis, more formation of groups among genotypes with different levels of resistance to downy mildew in the Mesquita method was observed. The methodology proposed by Mesquita was more efficient in discriminating genotypes with different levels of resistance to downy mildew, separating them in a larger number of groups.
Marker-assisted selection for transfer of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield enhancement in the rice backcross derivatives
Authors: Mohapatra Shibani , Bastia Akshaya Kumar , Panda Alok Kumar , Pradhan Sharat Kumar
Published: January 2021

Achieving the demand and supply of rice for the increasing global population will be a challenging task beyond 2040. Therefore, the yield potential of popular rice varieties needs to be increased. The production from lowland rice can be enhanced by managing the major biotic and abiotic stresses faced in the ecology. In this work, we have developed the pipelines for gene stacking of submergence tolerance, bacterial blight resistance and yield component QTLs in the popular rice variety ‘Swarna’ by marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Genotyping results of 796 BC1F1 backcross derived lines showed the presence of GW2, OsSPL14, SCM2 yield component QTLs, Sub1A for submergence tolerance and bacterial blight resistance genes xa5 and Xa21 in the progenies. The four stacked QTLs and two resistance genes were observed in six backcrosses derived progenies only. These progenies will be used in the next generation for further selection and evaluation for enhancing submergence tolerance, yield potential and bacterial blight resistance in Swarna rice variety background.
Decontamination methods of tanks to spray 2,4-D and dicamba and the effects of these herbicides on citrus and vegetable species
Authors: Roesler Gustavo Dutra , Jonck Luana Carolina Gomes , Silva Rafael Pires , Jeronimo Ana Victoria , Hirata Andreia Cristina Silva , Monquero Patrícia Andrea
Published: January 2021

In agriculture, the development of plants resistant to 2,4-D and dicamba tends to result in increased use of these herbicides in agricultural areas and consequently increases the risk in susceptible species. The aims of the present study are to assess the effects of 2,4-D and dicamba on citrus (Citrus sinensis var. Pêra Rio), lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. Stella) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Santa Clara) and determine the best method for spray tank decontamination after applying such herbicides. All the experiments followed a completely randomized design with five replications. To study the effects of 2,4-D and dicamba on sensitive plants, experiments were performed on the following cultivated species: citrus, lettuce and tomato. Each species was subjected to 2,4-D (D, 670 g a.i. ha-1) and dicamba (D, 560 g a.i. ha-1) applied at doses of 0 D, 1 D, 0.5 D, 0.12 D, 0.03 D, 0.007 D and 0.001 D (of commercial doses (Ds)). In another experiment, the following methods were adopted to clean tanks used to spray 2,4-D and dicamba at commercial doses: wash with water (1x), water (2x), water (3x), water + 96% alcohol (1:1), water + detergent (2.5%) or no washing. The tanks were filled with water after treatment. The young tomato plants were used as bioindicators. Regarding plant sensitivity, citrus plants exhibited low potential for suffering losses due to 2,4-D and dicamba drift. The plants tolerated a dose of 0.12 D for both herbicides. Lettuce and tomato were extremely sensitive to 2,4-D and dicamba. Lettuce tolerated 2,4-D at a dose of 0.007 D but showed phytotoxicity symptoms; the tolerated dicamba dose was 0.03 D. Only the 0.03 D dose of 2,4-D was tolerated by tomato. Although the tomato plants presented phytotoxicity symptoms, the tolerated dicamba dose was 0.007 D. For the tank cleaning experiment, the spray tank cleaning by thoroughly washing in water (2x) was the most appropriate method to clean tanks used to spray 2,4-D. Washing with water (2x, at a minimum), water + alcohol (1:1) or water + detergent was equally effective to clean tanks filled with dicamba. Therefore, the study shows that the application of 2,4-D and dicamba in areas close to young Citrus sinensis plants should be avoided given that vegetable species, such as lettuce and tomato, do not tolerate the minimum drift of these herbicides. Double washing with water would be the most economical and effective method of cleaning tanks used to house these herbicides.
Morphological characteristics and soybean yields after using different limestone sources
Authors: Santos Adaniel Sousa dos , Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Fonseca Weverson Lima , Zuffo Alan Mario , Neto Francisco de Alcântara , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo , Oliveira João Batista da Silva , Sousa Tiago de Oliveira , Santos Aline Sousa dos
Published: January 2021

In this study, the growth and productive characteristics of the soybean were investigated in no-till system after using limestone in a tropical soil of the Brazilian Cerrado. The study was conducted in a Typic Hapludox. The sources of limestone came from Piauí miners (C1, C2 and C3) and from a mining company in Ceará (C4) plus a control treatment (without limestone), with four replicates, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons, in a randomized block design. The limestone was applied in October 2012, using a gravity distribution. The limestone rate applied was 2.73 Mg ha-1 to raise the soil base saturation to 60%. The final plant stand, relative chlorophyll index, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, photosynthetically active radiation, the efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation, number of stems, pod number per plant, thousand-grain mass and grain yield of the soybean were evaluated. There were significant differences between the sources of limestone, with emphasis on the sources C1 and C4 due to the greater increases in plant growth and soybean grain yield (79% and 90%, respectively, in the 2014/2015 harvest). Soybean yield is correlated to the vegetative and reproductive development of the plant when cultivated in a tropical soil of the Cerrado corrected with limestone.
Phosphorus (P) improves industrial tomato quality and yield in soil with high phosphorus content
Authors: Filho Arthur Bernardes Cecílio , Trevizaneli Bruno , Reyes Sergio Manuel Rugeles
Published: January 2021

Soils under intensive and successive cropping with central pivot irrigation tend to present high nutrient contents, especially phosphorus (P), which is a nutrient with a great impact on the yield and quality of agricultural products. Among the rotating crops, the application of high P rates is common in processing tomato, although not supported by research. This work evaluates the effect of phosphate fertilization (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 kg ha-1 P2O5) on the yield and quality of industrial tomato ‘Heinz 9553’ grown in a soil with high available P content (145 mg dm-3) resulting of an intensive vegetables cultivation, which have high demand by P. The highest total (127.4 t ha-1) and commercial (108.6 t ha-1) yields were obtained with 413.9 and 384 kg ha-1 P2O5, respectively. The results showed that pH of tomato juice, the percentages of green, red, and commercial fruits were not influenced by the applied P rates. However, nutrient delivery increased the soluble solids content up to 356 kg ha-1 P2O5, which is interesting for tomato processing. After harvesting the fruits, the available soil P content was increased with P supply to the plants. For improvement of commercial yield and soluble solids characteristics, the tomato crop shall be fertilised with P even though the soil has high P content.
Evaluation of the Frequency and Pathological Diagnosis of Vulvar Lesions Is it Associated with Vulvar Pruritus - If So, How Closely?
Authors: Demir Ömer , Özalp Miraç , Aran Turhan , Osmanağaoğlu Mehmet Armağan
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE: Vulvar lesions are not well known to gynecologists and often cause difficulties in the differential diagnosis. In this study; we aimed to show the frequency of pathologic diagnosis of vulvar lesions and their relationship with vulvar pruritus.
STUDY DESIGN: The pathological results of the patients who underwent vulvar biopsy between 2015 and 2019 were examined. The frequency of vulvar lesions was determined and classified under certain headings for gynecologists. The pathological diagnoses were correlated with the severity of pruritus.
RESULTS: A total of 220 patients underwent a vulvar biopsy between the dates indicated in the study. The mean age of these patients was 47.9±16.7. The most common concomitant lesion was vulvar pruritus with a rate of 62.7% in cases who were referred to the outpatient clinic and referred for vulvar biopsy. According to biopsy results, the three most common pathological diagnoses were proliferative lesions, infection, and dermatoses. Dermatoses were the most common pathologic diagnosis in patients with severe pruritus.
CONCLUSION: Thanks to the clear classification of vulvar lesions for gynecologists; pathological diagnoses will not be overlooked and differential diagnoses will be more effective. In vulvar lesions accompanied by pruritus, making the differential diagnosis according to the severity of pruritus and bringing the possible diagnosis to mind first will speed up the treatment.
Особенности взаимосвязей эмоционального интеллекта и личностных черт у социально активных студентов
Authors: Дикая Людмила А. , Обухова Юлия В. , Егорова Валерия А. , Егоров Илья Н.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. This study is a first exploration of associations between emotional intelligence and personality traits in a new generation of socially active students. The authors consider associations of emotional intelligence and personality traits both on levels of domains and facets.
Methods. The study sample comprised 132 students of Southern Federal University aged 17–25 years (80 females and 52 males). All the respondents were representatives of socially active youth; they took an active part in professional and creative competitions, social projects, and self-assessed their level of social activity as high or above average. The study used the following psychological tests: (a) the EmIn inventory for assessing emotional intelligence by D. V. Lyusin and (b) the Big Five Inventory-2 modified by S. A. Schebetenko. The statistical data processing was performed using R software, employing descriptive, correlational, and regression analysis methods.
Results and Discussion. Socially active students’ emotional intelligence had general (characteristic of all its components) and specific (characteristic of its individual components) associations with personality traits. General associations are those among ‘negative emotionality’ and ‘anxiety’ and all the structural components of emotional intelligence. Positive associations among ‘energy level’ and the components of emotional intelligence related to managing emotions, and negative ones among ‘emotional volatility’ and structural components of intrapersonal emotional intelligence (p ≤ 0.05) are classified as specific. The combination of negative emotionality and agreeableness affects general and interpersonal emotional intelligence; the combination of extraversion and negative emotionality affects intrapersonal emotional intelligence.
Conclusion. The results can be applied for the development of students’ individual educational trajectories and recommendations for psychological and pedagogical support of students with leadership talent and special educational needs in social activity.
Highlights on Medical Treatment of Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Daniilidis Angelos , Angioni Stefano , D’Alterio Maurizio N.
Published: January 2021

Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas or myomas) are the most frequent benign tumors in women. Heavy
menstrual bleeding with resultant anemia, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, urinary symptoms and
constipation are generally associated with uterine fibroids (UFs). Although strategies mainly resort to surgical
intervention, medical treatments are considered the first-line treatment to preserve fertility and avoid surgery.
The aim of this review is to offer available and the newest medical treatment options for symptomatic UFs.
Various medical therapies are now available for women with uterine fibroids, although each therapy has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Our topic specifically explores gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs
and selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs), but also provides the reader with useful advice
on the therapies for fibroids available after the recent European Medicines Agency (EMA) warning
(EMA/160220/2020). The treatment options depend on the personal treatment objectives of the patients, in addition
to treatment effectiveness and necessity for recurrent interventions.
Inhaled Antifungal Agents for the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pulmonary Mycoses
Authors: Liao Qiuying , Lam Jenny K.W.
Published: January 2021

Pulmonary mycoses are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The current standard treatment
by systemic administration is limited by inadequate local bioavailability and systemic toxic effects. Aerosolisation
of antifungals is an attractive approach to overcome these problems, but no inhaled antifungal formulation
is currently available for the treatment of pulmonary mycoses. Hence, the development of respirable antifungals
formulations is of interest and in high demand. In this review, the recent advances in the development of antifungal
formulations for pulmonary delivery are discussed, including both nebulised and dry powder formulations.
Although the clinical practices of nebulised parenteral amphotericin B and voriconazole formulations
(off-label use) are reported to show promising therapeutic effects with few adverse effects, there is no consensus
about the dosage regimen (e.g. the dose, frequency, and whether they are used as single or combination
therapy). To maximise the benefits of nebulised antifungal therapy, it is important to establish standardised protocol
that clearly defines the dose and specifies the device and the administration conditions. Dry powder formulations
of antifungal agents such as itraconazole and voriconazole with favourable physicochemical and aerosol
properties are developed using various powder engineering technologies, but it is important to consider
their suitability for use in patients with compromised lung functions. In addition, more biological studies on the
therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile are needed to demonstrate their clinical potential.
The Pathogenic Subpopulation of Th17 Cells in Obesity
Authors: Todosenko Natalia , Vulf Maria , Yurova Kristina , Skuratovskaia Daria , Khaziakhmatova Olga , Gazatova Natalia , Melashchenko Olga , Urazova Olga , Litvinova Larisa
Published: January 2021

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic subclinical inflammatory response associated
with an imbalance/dysregulation of cellular homeostasis in response to excessive nutrient intake and accumulation.
CD4+ T-lymphocytes form different populations, Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells, which
have phenotypic and functional differences. Despite the active study of Th17 cells in severe disorders, their role
in metabolic disorders, particularly in obesity, is not well understood. Th17 lymphocytes, depending on the microenvironment,
can form pathogenic and nonpathogenic subpopulations. Systemic inflammation induces the reprogramming
of the transcriptome of normal Th17 cells formed in epithelial tissues, which acquire new properties.
A zone of overlapping states exists between IL-17A-producing cells, which does not allow a clear
boundary between non-pathogenic Th17 and pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes. We assume that in obesity, the
pool of inflammatory pathogenic Th17 cells with cytotoxic potential is a fraction of terminally differentiated
memory lymphocytes which is responsible for developing autoimmune reactions.
Nanostructured Therapeutic Systems of PUFAs for the Treatment of Glioblastoma
Multiforme
Authors: Saad Suma , Beg Sarwar , Jain Gaurav K. , Ahmad Farhan J.
Published: January 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a typical category of the most common and aggressive brain tumors,
with a high incidence in older adults, particularly in males. Although the etiology of GBM has not been fully elucidated,
yet it is characterized by highly proliferative activity in the glial cells. Its complete resection is impossible, and
radiotherapy is not always efficient for complete relief. Thus, GBM remains a therapeutic challenge in neurooncology
as there is no treatment that provides significant improvement in the survival rate of patients. In this regard,
the identification of newer drug therapy for the treatment of GBM is gaining popularity. However, identifying new
targets and developing new leads for screening suitable drug candidates require the investment of resources like time,
money, and efforts. It has been observed in many research studies that the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)
as therapeutic moieties for cancer treatment has yielded significant interest owing to their cost-effective availability,
limited side effects, and insensitivity towards drug resistance. Nevertheless, the implications of nanostructured therapeutic
systems in delivering the PUFAs can provide significant improvement in their biopharmaceutical performance
and antitumor activity over the existing alkylating agents used as chemotherapeutic drugs in GBM. Currently, various
studies have shown that PUFAs, especially γ-linolenic acid (GLA), have selective tumoricidal action and the
ability to reduce antioxidant contents of the glioma tumor cells. In this regard, the present review endeavors to provide
an insight into the applications of nanomedicinal drug carriers used for delivering the PUFAs for the effective
treatment of GBM and associated diseases.
Recent Advances of Biomass Derived Electrode Materials for Capacitive
Deionization
Authors: Liu Yong , Gao Xin , Zhang Lu , Du Xin , Dou Xinyue , Shen Xiaolong , Zhu Haiguang , Yuan Xun
Published: January 2021

:

Capacitive deionization (CDI), as a novel, energy-efficient, and environment-friendly desalination technology,
has received substantial attention in the scientific community during the last five decades, while the electrode materials,
acting as the ion storage media, play a vital role during its desalination process. Meanwhile, developing electrode
materials from biomass has been proven to be a feasible strategy due to their abundance in nature, unique microstructure,
as well as feasibility for further modifications. In this review, various bio-mass-based electrode materials and their unique
advantages as CDI electrodes are systematically presented.
Biomimetic Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and its Validation Through
In-silico Approach on Cardiac Enzymes
Authors: P Jacquline Rosy , Shanmugam VenkatKumar , Jas Jebastin Sonia , Jayakodi Santhoshkumar
Published: January 2021

Background:

The present study outlines the green synthesis of copper oxide (GS-CuO) nanoparticles using
Magnolia champaca plant floral extract for the first time. Computational analysis showed the role of GS-CuO
nanoparticles on cardiac enzymes ACE2 and SOD1 functional expression through hydrogen bond interaction with amino
acid residues.

Method:

The synthesized GS-CuO nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques like X-Ray Diffraction, UVVis Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission
Electron Microscopy.

Results:

Nanoparticles demonstrate the presence of spherical shape and size 20 nm. The particles have many active sites
and as compared to the bulk materials, and thus, the computational analysis was conducted against angiotensin-converting
enzyme and superoxide dismutase to visualize the cardioprotective effects.

Conclusion:

The in-silico approach established valuable information on cardioprotective effects of green synthesized
oxide nanoparticles using Magnolia champaca.