bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excess mortality by specific causes of deaths in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fernandes Gisele Aparecida , Junior Antonio Paulo Nassar , Azevedo e Silva Gulnar , Feriani Diego , França e Silva Ivan Leonardo Avelino , Caruso Pedro , Curado Maria Paula
Published: June 2021

Background

To investigate the excess of deaths by specific causes, in the first half of 2020 in the city of São Paulo-Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Ecological study conducted from 01/01 to 06/30 of 2019 and 2020. Population and mortality data were obtained from DATASUS. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) by age was calculated by comparing the standardized mortality rate in 2020 to that of 2019, for overall and specific mortality. The ratio between the standardized mortality rate due to COVID-19 in men as compared to women was calculated for 2020. Crude mortality rates were standardized using the direct method.

Results

COVID-19 was responsible for 94.4% of the excess deaths in São Paulo. In 2020 there was an increase in overall mortality observed among both men (SMR 1.3, 95% CI 1.17–1.42) and women (SMR 1.2, 95% CI 1.06–1.36) as well as a towards reduced mortality for all cancers. Mortality due to COVID-19 was twice as high for men as for women (SMR 2.1, 95% CI 1.67–2.59). There was an excess of deaths observed in men above 45 years of age, and in women from the age group of 60 to 79 years.

Conclusion

There was an increase in overall mortality during the first six months of 2020 in São Paulo, which seems to be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chronic health conditions, such as cancer and other non-communicable diseases, should not be disregarded.
Comparative analysis of three studies measuring fluorescence from engineered bacterial genetic constructs
Authors: Beal Jacob , Baldwin Geoff S. , Farny Natalie G. , Gershater Markus , Haddock-Angelli Traci , Buckley-Taylor Russell , Dwijayanti Ari , Kiga Daisuke , Lizarazo Meagan , Marken John , de Mora Kim , Rettberg Randy , Sanchania Vishal , Selvarajah Vinoo , Sison Abigail , Storch Marko , Workman Christopher T. ,   the iGEM Interlab Study Contributors
Published: June 2021

Reproducibility is a key challenge of synthetic biology, but the foundation of reproducibility is only as solid as the reference materials it is built upon. Here we focus on the reproducibility of fluorescence measurements from bacteria transformed with engineered genetic constructs. This comparative analysis comprises three large interlaboratory studies using flow cytometry and plate readers, identical genetic constructs, and compatible unit calibration protocols. Across all three studies, we find similarly high precision in the calibrants used for plate readers. We also find that fluorescence measurements agree closely across the flow cytometry results and two years of plate reader results, with an average standard deviation of 1.52-fold, while the third year of plate reader results are consistently shifted by more than an order of magnitude, with an average shift of 28.9-fold. Analyzing possible sources of error indicates this shift is due to incorrect preparation of the fluorescein calibrant. These findings suggest that measuring fluorescence from engineered constructs is highly reproducible, but also that there is a critical need for access to quality controlled fluorescent calibrants for plate readers.
Sex and kidney ACE2 expression in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A NEPTUNE study
Authors: Maksimowski Nicholas A. , Scholey James W. , Williams Vanessa R. ,   Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE)
Published: June 2021

Background

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental kidney disease. ACE2 is on the X chromosome, and in mice, deletion of ACE2 leads to the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The relationship between sex and renal ACE2 expression in humans with kidney disease is a gap in current knowledge.

Methods

We studied renal tubulointerstitial microarray data and clinical variables from subjects with FSGS enrolled in the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) study. We compared relationships between ACE2 expression and age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and genes implicated in inflammation and fibrosis in male and female subjects.

Results

ACE2 mRNA expression was lower in the tubulointerstitium of males compared to females (P = 0.0026). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that ACE2 expression was related to sex and eGFR but not to age or treatment with renin angiotensin system blockade. ACE2 expression is also related to interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy, in males but not in females. Genes involved in inflammation (CCL2 and TNF) correlated with ACE2 expression in males (TNF: r = -0.65, P < 0.0001; CCL2: r = -0.60, P < 0.0001) but not in females. TGFB1, a gene implicated in fibrosis correlated with ACE2 in both sexes.

Conclusions

Sex is an important determinant of ACE2 expression in the tubulointerstitium of the kidney in FSGS. Sex also influences the relationships between ACE2, kidney fibrosis, and expression of genes involved in kidney inflammation.
Changes in metabolic syndrome status and risk of laryngeal cancer: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Bum , Kim Geun-Jeon , Han Kyung-do , Joo Young-Hoon
Published: June 2021

Background

Whether dynamic changes of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the subsequent laryngeal cancer occurrence remains unknown.

Objective

This study investigated the effects of changes of MetS on the incidence of laryngeal cancer due to a lack of knowledge regarding the development of MetS in Korean population.

Methods

A total of 6,757,048 individuals who received national health checkup in 2009 and follow-up health examination in 2011 were analyzed and followed up until 2018. MetS status included the following categories: MetS-chronic (n = 941,609), MetS-developed (n = 614,229), MetS-recovery (n = 455,835), and MetS-free (n = 4,745,375).

Results

With a median follow-up duration of 6.403 years, 1,350 subjects were newly diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. Compared to participants without MetS, adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence interval) for those with MetS were 1.320 (1.17–1.489) for laryngeal cancer. The HR of laryngeal cancer was found to be increased with increasing number of MetS components. The MetS-developed group had a significantly higher risk of laryngeal cancer than the MetS-free group (HR: 1.296; 95% CI: 1.093–1.537). The MetS-recovery group within two years also had an increased risk of laryngeal cancer compared with the MetS-free group (HR: 1.220; 95% CI: 1.008–1.476). Among MetS components, abdominal obesity had the highest risk of laryngeal cancer (HR: 1.374; 95% CI: 1.123–1.681).

Conclusion

Changes in MetS status were associated with the risk of laryngeal cancer. Results of this study have implications for etiological investigations and prevention strategies.
Signal-regulatory protein alpha is an anti-viral entry factor targeting viruses using endocytic pathways
Authors: Sarute Nicolás , Cheng Han , Yan Zhonghao , Salas-Briceno Karen , Richner Justin , Rong Lijun , Ross Susan R.
Published: June 2021

Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA) is a well-known inhibitor of phagocytosis when it complexes with CD47 expressed on target cells. Here we show that SIRPA decreased in vitro infection by a number of pathogenic viruses, including New World and Old World arenaviruses, Zika virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudoviruses bearing the Machupo virus, Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 glycoproteins, but not HSV-1, MLV or mNoV. Moreover, mice with targeted mutation of theSirpagene that renders it non-functional were more susceptible to infection with the New World arenaviruses Junín virus vaccine strain Candid 1 and Tacaribe virus, but not MLV or mNoV. All SIRPA-inhibited viruses have in common the requirement for trafficking to a low pH endosomal compartment. This was clearly demonstrated with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which was only inhibited by SIRPA in cells in which it required trafficking to the endosome. Similar to its role in phagocytosis inhibition, SIRPA decreased virus internalization but not binding to cell surface receptors. We also found that increasing SIRPA levels via treatment with IL-4 led to even greater anti-viral activity. These data suggest that enhancing SIRPA’s activity could be a target for anti-viral therapies.
Makkah: City of self-identity and inspiration
Authors: Al-Murahhem Faredah Mohsen
Published: June 2021

This study highlights the duty of individuals and the community, rather than organizations, to preserve a city’s heritage and identity. It underlines important facts about Makkah as one of the world’s major historical and religious cities. The analysis reflects upon an academic journey to appreciate and conserve the city’s identity. It is a story of ‘Being Inspired and Being an Inspiration’ through education. On the one hand, ‘Being Inspired’ stresses a personal understanding of preserving the identity of Makkah and its architectural heritage. It is a narrative of the female view and experience through culture, architecture and art. Diversely, ‘Being an Inspiration’ is demonstrated via academic case studies and chronological documentation that mirrors historical stages of the city. It is a pioneering piece about the female experience, documenting the story of one of the first female graduates of architecture in Saudi, and the outcomes of teaching and identity in higher education.
Towards an anti-racist Fine Art Ph.D.: ‘Anti-racism productive antagonisms’ (ARPA) for the supervisor, student and examiner
Authors: Tan Kai Syng
Published: June 2021

This article outlines three actions for the supervisor, student and examiner to introduce a level of anti-racist consciousness in the journey of the Fine Art Ph.D. The steps are intended as ‘warm-ups’ within and towards more comprehensive, longer term strategies for individuals, departments, faculties and universities, to nurture communities of anti-racist researchers and make UK HE anti-racist. Change takes time, negotiations are unfolding and my brushstrokes are broad. But if the heart of any Ph.D. endeavour is about the development of critical insight, not just by the student into a knowledge area or problem, but about their own position as autonomous researchers, not just within their fields but the wider HE sector and beyond, an actively anti-racist agenda must be integral. I wish to critique my own position as a non-White researcher who has signed up to the neo-liberal, ‘post-race’ university. I welcome feedback, and seek to lay the ground for further work by myself and others. This is my call for researchers in Fine Art and UK HE at large to step up.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Interaction of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Impurity Atoms with Self-Interstitial Atoms in Nickel, Silver and Aluminum
Authors: Zorya I.V. , Poletaev G.M.
Published: June 2021

The interaction of impurity atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen with self-interstitial atoms in FCC metals like nickel, silver, and aluminum is studied using the molecular dynamics method. It is found that the self-interstitial atom migration in the crystal lattice follows two mechanisms: dumbbell and crowdion. In this case, the first mechanism that includes one interatomic distance displacement and the rotation of the <001> dumbbell is characterized by broken paths of atomic migration. The second mechanism is described by straight paths along the close-packed directions <011> in the crystal.

The binding energies between impurity atoms and selfinterstitial atoms in Ni, Ag, and Al are calculated in the paper. It is shown that impurity atoms are effective “traps” for interstitial atoms that migrate relatively quickly in a crystal. During the interaction of an interstitial and an impurity atom, the interstitial atom forms a dumbbell configuration with an axis along the <001> direction, and the impurity atom is located in the nearest octahedral pore. It is found that the mobility of interstitial atoms is significantly reduced due to the presence of impurities in the metal. The introduction of 10 % impurity atoms leads to a severalfold increase in the migration energy of interstitial atoms. At the same time, the contribution of the crowdion mechanism is noticeably reduced while the dumbbell mechanism contribution is increased.
Conformally Killing Fields on 2-Symmetric Five-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifolds
Authors: Andreeva T.A. , Balashchenko V.V. , Oskorbin D.N. , Rodionov E.D.
Published: June 2021

The papers of many mathematicians are devoted to the study of conformally Killing vector fields. Being a natural generalization of the concept of Killing vector fields, these fields generate a Lie algebra corresponding to the Lie group of conformal transformations of the manifold. Moreover, they generate the class of locally conformally homogeneous (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds studied by V.V. Slavsky and E.D. Rodionov. Ricci solitons, which R. Hamilton first considered, are another important area of research. Ricci solitons are a generalization of Einstein's metrics on (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds. The Ricci soliton equation has been studied on various classes of manifolds by many mathematicians. In particular, a general solution of the Ricci soliton equation was found on 2-symmetric Lorentzian manifolds of low dimension, and the solvability of this equation in the class of 3-symmetric Lorentzian manifolds was proved. The Killing vector fields make it possible to find the general solution of the Ricci soliton equation in the case of the constancy of the Einstein constant in the Ricci soliton equation. However, the role of the Killing fields is played by conformally Killing vector fields for different values of the Einstein constant. In this paper, we investigate conformal Killing vector fields on 5-dimensional 2-symmetric Lorentzian manifolds. The general solution of the conformal analog of the Killing equation on five-dimensional locally indecomposable 2-symmetric Lorentzian manifolds is described in local coordinates, discovered by A.S. Galaev and D.V. Alekseevsky.
Mathematical Models and Machine Learning Algorithms in the Diagnosis of Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Krotova O.S. , Khvorova L.A. , Piyanzin A.I.
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the problem of diabetic polyneuropathy diagnosing. This is one of the earliest and most dangerous complications of diabetes among children and adolescents. The research aims to develop models for diagnosing diabetic polyneuropathy in children and adolescents based on various medical data. The developed models will make it possible to diagnose a complication without using neurophysiological research methods. Therefore, the proposed models can be used in small medical and obstetrical stations in rural areas as well as a support system for making medical decisions. In the course of the study, a review and analysis of scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists on the topic of the research are carried out. A large set of textual medical data is processed, then a database is created, features are analyzed, and a model is developed to reveal the presence of diabetic polyneuropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The achieved quality of the classification model allows us to assert that machine learning methods can be used to find hidden dependencies in the development and course of complications of diabetes mellitus.
On Some Remarkable Points and Line Segments in Triangles
Authors: Maltsev Yu.N. , Monastyreva A.S.
Published: June 2021

Let ra, rb, rc be the radii, and OA, OB, OC the centers of tangent circles at the vertices to the circumcircle of a triangle ABC and to the opposite sides. In the paper [Andrica D., Marinescu D.S. New interpolation inequalities to Euler's R≥2 // Forum Geometricorum. 2017. Vol. 17], the authors proved that 4/R £ 1/ra + 1/rb +1/rc £2/r. In the paper [Isaev I., Maltsev Yu., Monastyreva A. On some relations in geometry of a triangle // Journal of Classical Geometry. 2018. Vol. 4], it is given the following generalization of these inequalities: 1/ra + 1/rb +1/rc=2/R+1/r. In that paper, we find the area of the triangle OAOBOC (see Theorem 1). We prove some relations for the numbers R-ra, R-rb, R-rc, where R is the circumradius of a triangle ABC. Namely, we find the expressions 1/R-ra+1/R-rb + 1/R-rc  и a/R-ra+b/R-rb + c/R-rc by means by the parameters p, R and r (see Theorem 2). We estimate these values (see Theorem 3). Finally, using the results of paper [Maltsev Yu., Monastyreva A. On some relations for a triangle // International Journal of Geometry. 2019. Vol. 8 (1)] and representing the expression of (1-cos(αβ))(1-cos(β-γ))(1-cos(α-γ)) by means of p, R, r, we prove new proof of the fundamental triangle inequality (see Corollary 2).
Features of Software Implementation of Logical Tasks in Prolog
Authors: Polovikova O.N. , Shiryaev V.V. , Oskorbin N.M. , Smolyakova L.L.
Published: June 2021

One of the promising areas for using Prolog-systems is to solve logical tasks. This study outlines a solution approach based on the state generation procedure and the verification procedure. A solution to a logical task is presented, which demonstrates in practice the proposed approach and method of specifying a procedure for generating states. In the proposed example, a bit chain is generated that defines the code of a particular letter in the solution of the applied problem. Building a solution by means of code generation with verification allows not storing in the knowledge base a binary tree of all possible codes. The process of generating new states can be associated with the training of the program, with the dynamic formation of the knowledge base. The approach is based on the capabilities of software environments for adding facts and rules to existing ones, which were obtained as the results of the program or its stages. In this case, the entire program is the generating rule. An analysis of the constructed and tested procedures for the dynamic generation of states and the generation of facts allows us to talk about the applicability of such a solution for certain applied problems.
Model Assessment of Accidents Factor Impact on Efficiency of Water Utilities
Authors: Tskhai А.А.
Published: June 2021

The objective of the study is numerical modeling of the relationship between resources and results of water utilities with consideration of the accident factor. Usage of numerical methods to assess and predict the reduction of accident rate of a water utility enterprise during its development can be considered as a novelty. Eight Russian cities and their water utility enterprises are taken as an example for developing and testing the numerical model, which applied further to solve the problem. Only three out of eight enterprises with mixed ownership (Voronezh, Cheboksary, and Yakutsk) are able to improve their efficiency by following the predicted conditions of the minimal accident rate. Starting points with external sources are considered to be the most effective for external investment when external resources are transformed into results as effectively as possible. There are two water utility enterprises in this category during the 2013- 2017 period — Voronezh (2nd and 4th periods) and Orenburg (3rd period). It is shown that the growth point and the starting point with internal sources are the most effective when using their own resources.
Az egzisztenciális fogyatékosságban rejlő kiteljesedési lehetőségek : Betekintés a fogalom jelentésvilágába
Authors:   , Farkas Jácint
Published: June 2021

Az alábbiakban bemutatjuk a „Az egzisztenciális fogyatékosságban rejlő kiteljesedési lehetőségek – Betekintés a fogalom jelentésvilágába” című disszertáció célkitűzéseit és a fogyatékosság-akadálymentesség fogalompár újragondolt értelmezési kereteihez és az azokat alátámasztó, megvilágító új vagy újszerű fogalmakhoz vezető utak sajátos bejárásának módjait. A vizsgálódás során arra törekedtünk, hogy egy újszerű hermeneutikai megközelítés alapjainak a lerakása által, továbbá az antropológiai-filozófia a buddhista bölcselet és az egzisztenciálfilozófia vizsgálódások eredményeit, illetve következtetéseit segítségül hívva, bizonyosodjon be, hogy a fogyatékosság az ember olyan alapvető létezésbeli tulajdonsága, mely életfilozófiai, értelemben független a testi, érzékszervi, mentális stb. hiátusok esetleges meglététől. Éppen ezért is a magában hordozza, mindannyiunk számára a teljesebb lénnyé válás lehetőségét. A doktori értekezés alapvető célja tehát a következő: a fogyatékosság és az akadálymentesítés közismert fogalomtársításait egy alapvetően többdimenziós filozófiai hálóba szőve igyekszik kiterjeszteni „a tér, a lét és az idő minden irányába”. Mindezt azért tartjuk elengedhetetlenül fontosnak és a társadalmunk szempontjából közép- és hosszútávon hasznosnak, mert – mint az alábbiakból is kiolvasható lesz – a tudományos és köznapi diskurzusokban használva a fenti fogalompárhoz és a hozzájuk kapcsolódó értelmezési tartományokhoz – minden eddigi jó szándék, szakmai törekvés ellenére – az esetek túlnyomó többségében negatív értelmezési keretet társul. A dolgozat bölcseleti beágyazottsága többirányú, mely nemcsak a filozófiatörténet több korszakába enged – első pillantásra talán eklektikusnak tűnő – betekintést, hanem az úgynevezett keleti és nyugati életbölcseleti hagyományok, talán kevésbe ismert, általunk „fogyatékosság-specifikusnak”, nevezett tanításait hívja elsődlegesen segítségül. Ezt annak ismeretében és éppen ezért tesszük így, mert a fogyatékosság filozófiai értelmezése és vizsgálata a huszadik század közepétől napjainkig szinte kizárólagosan a szakbölcseletek területeire korlátozódik. Elsősorban a társadalom, a jog és a feminista filozófia fogadta be az érintett emberek társadalmi beilleszkedésével kapcsolatos problematikákat vizsgáló gondolkodók egyre gyarapodó körét. Úgy gondoljuk, hogy például az életfilozófia, illetve egzisztenciálfilozófia, nem utolsó sorban pedig a történeti Buddha bölcseleti gondolatvilágának ebbe az irányba történő kiterjesztésével egy régi adósságot törlesztésébe fogunk, amit a bölcselet ezidáig felhalmozott a fogyatékosságok esetében. Illetőleg az említett többségében negatív és a hiátusokra koncentráló tudományos, illetve hétköznapi diskurzusok attitűd váltását is elő kívánjuk segíteni az említett új, újszerű fogalmak bevezetése és alkalmazása által.
Vizuális propaganda Magyarországon 1931-1944 A Magyar Világhíradó a rituális kommunikációelmélet kontextusában
Authors:   , Barkóczi Janka
Published: June 2021

A disszertáció célja a magyar filmhíradózás történetének feldolgozása a két világháború közötti korai hangosfilmes időszakban, ezzel összefüggésben pedig a filmhíradó fogalmának átfogó vizsgálata és a filmhíradó médiumához kapcsolódó problémák, diskurzusok feltérképezése, különös tekintettel a filmhíradó és a nemzeti identitás alakulásának összefüggéseire. A hazai filmhíradózás története a magyar médiatörténet egyik hiányzó fejezete, noha ezek a filmek hosszú évtizedeken át nagyban befolyásolták a lakosság világról való tudását. A disszertáció a filmhíradózás 1931 és 1944 közötti hazai viszonyait tárja fel, az eredmények értelmezése pedig elsősorban a rituális kommunikációelmélet (Couldry [2003], Carey [2009], Császi [2002], Andok [2013], [2017]) keretében történik. A kutatás szoros összefüggésben van azzal a globális jelenséggel, mely a digitális kultúra terjedésével fordulatot idézett elő az audiovizuális archívumok anyagainak kezelésében. Az „archívumi fordulat” hatására az eltérő háttérrel és gyűjteményi bázissal rendelkező intézmények a 2000-es évektől egyre több digitalizált archív tartalmat tesznek hozzáférhetővé teljesen vagy bizonyos feltételekkel különböző online platformokon. A filmek a hozzáférhetőség révén bekerülnek a köztudatba, referenciapontokká, kulturális felületekké válnak, és ezzel együtt érezhetően növelik az érdeklődést témájuk és az őket létrehozó korszak iránt a laikus felhasználók körében is. A szerző célja, hogy feltárja a Filmhíradók Online platformon publikált Magyar Világhíradó sorozat történeti hátterét és kommunikációelméleti kontextusba helyezze ezeket a filmeket. A dolgozat újszerűségét biztosítja, hogy olyan témával foglalkozik, melyet magyar vonatkozásban eddig kevéssé kutattak, és amelyről speciális összefüggéseiben is csak kisszámú, elsősorban részelemzéseket tartalmazó publikáció született. A kutatás bemutatja, hogy (1) a filmhíradózás 1931 és 1945 között Magyarországon a rituális propaganda eszközeként működött, (2) milyen szerepet játszottak a korszakban a mozik mint a rituális kommunikáció színterei, valamint az 1938 és 1941 között publikált anyagok tartalomelemzésével feltárja, hogy (3) a terület-visszacsatolások filmhíradós reprezentációja miként vált a narratív nemzeti identitást rituálisan megújító folyamat fontos részévé. A disszertáció médiatörténeti alapkutatás, amelynek eredményeire építve számos területen indítható egy-egy résztémát kibontó vizsgálat a későbbiekben. A szöveg elsősorban a média- és kommunikációtudomány elméleteit használja, de kiemeli a filmhíradózás témájának interdiszciplináris jelentőségét.
Reich-Gottes-Hoffnung als Auferstehungs-Resonanz
Authors: Hübner Jörg
Published: June 2021

The concept of resonance and unavailability, which is currently widely discussed in church and theology, is interpreted in this contribution as a system program of hope. As a correlate, a theology of hope is unfolded anew, a theology of resurrection resonance is described, and the message of the coming kingdom of God in times of crisis is attempted to be updated.
Burden of Osteoporosis in the Countries of the Eurasian Region
Authors: Zakroyeva Alla G. , Babalyan Varta , Gabdulina Guldjan , Lobanchenko Оlga , Ershova Оlga B. , Issaeva Samal , Issaeva Bakytsholpan , Ismailov Said , Abboshujaeva Lola , Alikhanova Nodira , Cazac Victor , Tsagareli Marina , Ramanau Heorhi , Rudenkо Ema V. , Rudenkо Alena V. , Lesnyak Olga M.
Published: June 2021

The public health burden of osteoporosis estimated by the results of clinical and population-based researches in most of the former USSR is uncertain for today. The objective of this audit (Audit-2020) was the epidemiological, medico-social and economic analyse of current and future osteoporosis challenges for the future years for eight countries of the Eurasian region.

Methods.We did a search and critical analysis of the publications, including of regional in English, Russian or national languages, did organize a structured survey among national osteoporosis societies members in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, as well as explored the demographic trends in these countries.

Results.Scientific researches including the wide population-based EVA project discovered that the expected number of patients with osteoporosis varies from 240,000 in Armenia to 16 million in Russia. All the countries should be categorized as a moderate risk of hip fractures for women (200–300 cases /100,000 per year). Belarus, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia and Kyrgyzstan have moderate risk for men (100–150/100,000), as well as Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan are distinguished by a high risk for men (over 150 cases/100,000). Population aging trends are predicting the future growth in the osteoporosis-associated health challenges throughout the region. It is likely the number of osteoporotic fractures to rise in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan the most: 2.5–3.5 times by 2050. However current hospitalization rates for hip fracture persons are low in most countries (33–80%), the diagnostic equipment is insufficient (0.2–1.3 per million), DXA testing are expensive. Although modern treatments are available, the cure expenses remain high. Hereby, immediate action is required in each country of audit, including admit osteoporosis is a priority public health problem.

Conclusion.Osteoporosis is a challenge for the countries of the Eurasian region. Its burden is about to get worse due to the expected demographic changes.
OS DESAFIOS DA COMUNICAÇÃO NA REDUÇÃO DO RISCO DE INUNDAÇÃO
Authors: Da Fonseca Murilo Noli , Garcias Carlos Mello
Published: June 2021

Reduzir o risco de inundação é um dos principais desafios que o poder público e as pessoas possuem na busca pela construção de cidades e sociedades resilientes. A comunicação emerge como um dos principais instrumentos de gestão para o alcance desse objetivo. Embora seja um tema emergente e pouco explorado até o momento, os trabalhos realizados sobre comunicação de risco têm apresentado resultados enormemente elucidativos no que diz respeito à relação da gestão e dos indivíduos com os riscos, colaborando e servindo como base para a concepção de estratégias e políticas centradas na redução de risco de desastres. Baseado nessa circunstância, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a comunicação de risco, refletir acerca de seu processo e dos principais elementos que a compõem, ao mesmo tempo em que se busca identificar os principais desafios que emergem nesse processo. Para tanto, empregou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica na literatura internacional e nacional como técnica de pesquisa. Deste modo, as possibilidades e obstáculos discutidos a partir dos desafios levantados possibilitam aos atores envolvidos a repensar a forma como ocorre o processo de comunicação no Brasil e, com isso, desenvolver estratégias mais eficazes que atendam diferentes grupos populacionais em circunstâncias socioespaciais com características distintas.
ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DA DINÂMICA DA PAISAGEM NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO TOCANTINZINHO – GOIÁS
Authors: De Oliveira Rosane Borges , De Faria Karla Maria Silva
Published: June 2021

O processo histórico de desmatamento do cerrado no último século foi direcionado para a região norte do bioma, que concentrava os maiores fragmentos vegetacionais, áreas protegidas e as prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade. Essa pressão antrópica demanda estudos que avaliem a configuração estrutural do processo de fragmentação no entorno das áreas protegidas. A bacia hidrográfica do rio Tocantinzinho se insere nesse cenário e foi selecionda para avaliação das mudanças na estrutura da paisagem considerando dados históricos de cobertura e uso da terra, para identificar padrões espaço-temporais que possam influir no funcionamento da paisagem. Foram classificadas imagens de satélite (LANDSAT) entre 1985 e 2016, com aplicação de índices descritores da paisagem que, permitiram comparação espacial em sucessão histórica para área da bacia. Os resultados indicam que a substituição das manchas de vegetação nativa por manchas antrópicas impactaram principalmente a formação campestre e que o processo de antropização da área é recente com evidências de desenvolvimento a partir dos anos 2000; verifica-se que as pastagens já estão sendo substituídas pela agricultura e que o processo de fragmentação afetou o tamanho e conectividade das formações vegetacionais, o que pode afetar diretamente as áreas protegidas situadas dentro e no entorno e da bacia hidrográfica.
(RE)ESTRUTURAÇÃO DA CIDADE E AS NOVAS EXPRESSÕES DE CENTRALIDADE URBANA NA CIDADE DE ANANINDEUA, AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE
Authors: Rodrigues Jovenildo Cardoso , Rodrigues Leide Laura de Carvalho
Published: June 2021

As cidades brasileiras, entre elas as amazônicas, vêm passando por múltiplas, sucessivas e complexas transformações socioespaciais no limiar do século XXI. Tais transformações encontram-se vinculadas à urbanização do território, (re)estruturação de cidades metropolitanas e não metropolitanas. Situada na Amazônia paraense, a cidade de Ananindeua revela-se, no momento atual, como espaço de intensas “metamorfoses” socioespaciais, associadas a ações do Estado, a territorialização de novos agentes econômicos do comércio e serviços, que atuam em múltiplas escalas. O presente artigo objetiva analisar de que maneira os novos agentes de comércio e serviços vem interferindo na (re)estruturação da cidade e na (re)produção do centro e da centralidade urbana em Ananindeua-PA, a partir dos anos de 2000. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico e documental, observações sistemáticas qualitativas, registros fotográficos, produção cartográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A pesquisa evidenciou que a territorialização de novos agentes de comércio e serviços em Ananindeua vem contribuindo para a ampliação da divisão social desigual do espaço da cidade, para mudanças aceleradas nas estruturas urbanas e para a constituição de uma cidade “multi(poli)cêntrica”, caracterizada por múltiplos centros, diversas centralidades urbanas e pela coexistência de tempos, temporalidades e espacialidades urbanas diferentes, diversas e desiguais.
ASPECTOS GEOAMBIENTAIS NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DOS MONTES ALTOS-BA
Authors: Teixeira Claudineia Alves , Pimentel Junívio da Silva
Published: June 2021

A Serra de Monte Alto, localizada no Território de Identidade Sertão Produtivo, compreende partes de seis municípios da Bahia. Essa unidade de paisagem é composta por múltiplas riquezas, expressas em condicionantes naturais, e em largo patrimônio histórico relativo à presença de vida humana pretérita na região. Por conta disso, se criou o Parque Estadual da Serra dos Montes Altos e o Refúgio de Vida Silvestre da Serra dos Montes Altos, duas Unidades de Conservação com vistas à proteção e a conservação de sua biodiversidade. Este artigo objetiva realizar caracterização geoambiental do Parque, a fim de identificar efeitos obtidos com seu funcionamento, focando-se em aspectos vinculados a questões ambientais. O estudo foi balizado por contribuições teórico metodológicas de autores como Ab’Sáber (2003); MME (1982); Tasso (2012). Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, que se fundamenta no método Geossistêmico. Em termos procedimentais realizou-se buscas em referenciais bibliográficos e documentais, levantamentos cartográficos e produção de mapas e ilustrações. Desse modo, estabeleceu-se a análise integrada da paisagem, chegando a resultados que permitiram concluir que a criação das Unidades de Conservação foi oportuna, já que tem contribuído significativamente para conservação e preservação do patrimônio ambiental e histórico.
FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE PELOTAS/ RS: APLICAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DE DOIS MODELOS
Authors: Nörnberg Solange Otte , Rehbein Moisés Ortemar
Published: June 2021

A intensificação da erosão pela ação antrópica resulta em prejuízos ambientais, sociais e econômicos e pode ser mitigada pela planificação do uso do solo, orientada por modelos preditivos. Nesta premissa, o objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar e comparar modelos de fragilidade ambiental e de vulnerabilidade à perda de solos para área do município de Pelotas/ RS. A pesquisa se desenvolve pela obtenção e sobreposição, a partir de materiais e técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento, de planos de informações da geologia, geomorfologia, hipsometria, declividade, pedologia e cobertura e uso da terra. O modelo de fragilidade ambiental classificou a área do município em cinco classes (de muito fraca a muito forte fragilidade) e o de vulnerabilidade à perda de solos em três classes (de moderadamente estável a moderadamente vulnerável). As classes de semelhante nível hierárquico entre os modelos equivalem a 30,83% da área do município e as de diferentes níveis a 59,17%, o que embasa e, ao mesmo tempo, sugere a formulação de um modelo qualitativo ponderado e adequado às particularidades físico-ambientais e de cobertura e uso da terra para área do município e região.
POPULAÇÃO CABOCLA EM UM ESPAÇO DE FRONTEIRA: PAISAGEM E USO COMUM DA TERRA NA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA DE SANTA CATARINA (SÉCULOS XIX E XX)
Authors: Brandt Marlon , Cassaro Clóvis Alceu , Naibo Gerson Junior
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar a construção daquilo que pode se entender como uma “paisagem cabocla” em um espaço de fronteira, como era a região dominada pela formação da Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM) em Santa Catarina, e suas práticas de uso em comum da terra. Parte-se da ocupação da região, em meados da segunda metade do século XIX até a segunda metade do século XX, quando o avanço de uma nova lógica socioespacial, representada pela apropriação privada da terra, com a exploração madeireira e a colonização promoveram a alteração da paisagem e a desestruturação de tradicionais práticas de uso e acesso à terra. Para compreender esse processo de transformações na paisagem do passado, a pesquisa trabalha com os preceitos da geografia histórica, partindo da ideia da indissociabilidade do espaço e do tempo, valendo-se do emprego de variadas fontes de pesquisa como imagens, censos, testemunhos orais e reportagens de jornais que abordem o período estudado.
Fashion Designer Sebagai Alternatif Keterlibatan Perempuan Maroko Di Ruang Publik
Authors: Fitri Rahmi Nur
Published: June 2021

Maroko pada dasarnya tidak jauh berbeda dengan negara-negara Arab lainnya, yang mana perempuan memiliki akses yang terbatas di ruang publik. Sikap konservatif dan tradisi patriarki mengantarkan perempuan ke tingkat yang sulit untuk terlibat aktif di sektor publik. National Strategy for Equity and Equality di Maroko menginisiasikan untuk mengurangi tingkat diskrimasi terhadap perempuan, tetapi fakta lapangan menunjukkan sebaliknya. Kebiasaan dan tatanan sosial di masyarakat menjadi faktor yang menghambat proses perubahan. Tulisan ini mengkaji berbagai upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Maroko untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan perempuan. Selain usaha yang dilakukan pemerintah, karya ilmiah ini juga memaparkan peran aktif yang dilakoni oleh perempuan Maroko secara langsung pada saat negara tampak tidak maksimal dalam mereduksi ketidakadilan bagi mereka. Nama-nama tokoh penggerak perempuan dari negeri Maghribi ini kemudian mulai bermunculan, seperti Fatima Mernissi, seorang sosiolog yang menaruh banyak perhatian terhadap persoalan perempuan. Namun, fokus tulisan adalah perempuan Maroko yang menunjukkan ketertarikannya di bidang fashion desainer yang kemudian memiliki label dan jangkauan pasar yang luas. Pengakuan sosial mulai didapatkan oleh Sofia El Arabi dan Ilham Benami melalui bidang ini. Rosaline Delmer menyebutkan bahwa perempuan memiliki kemampuan untuk memajukan kepentingannya didasarkan kepada pemahaman yang mereka yakini. Perempuan Maroko menemukan tempat untuk mereka di ruang publik melalui profesi sebagai desainer. Berkarir di bidang ini menjadi sebuah apresiasi bagi mereka tanpa harus terlibat konfrontasi dengan laki-laki di ranah publik.[Morroco has not especially differences among Arab countries, in which woman have limited access in public sphere. Conservative tradition and patriarchy lead woman to difficult level to be actively involved in public field. National Strategy for Equity and Equality in Morroco initiate to decrease inequity of woman, despite the reality has denoted of divergence. Custom and social order are preventation of change in society. This paper examines various efforts which was made by Morroco’s government to expand woman’s involvement. In addition, the article will explain how far woman contributed in directly activity when the government is not earnestly to reduce injustice for woman. Then, names of female activists from Morroco began to appear, such as Fatima Mernissi, a sociologist who lay down her interest in women’s issues. Nevertheless, this article only focus on Morocco’s women who show interest in fashion desaigner, through this field they have their own label and extend market places. Social recognition has been earned by Sofia El Arabi and Ilham Benami from this field. Rosaline Dalmer addresses, based on comprehension every women has ability to extend her needs and desires. Morrocan’s women have actively found their role as designer in public sphere. A career in this field is an appreciation for them whose they can be spared with men from confrontation in public field.]
Implementasi Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Rohis Dalam Pengembangan EQ Dan SQ Di SMA N 4 Kota Magelang
Authors: Yusuf Effendi
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SMA N 4 Magelang dalam mengembangkan kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual SMA N 4 Magelang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan penelitian di lapangan (field research). Teknik pengumpulan data, berupa observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Kesimpulan penelitian ini, yakni ROHIS sebagai lembaga yang ada di sekolahan yang memiliki kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan. Kegiatan tersebut berimplikasi pada pengembangan pengetahuan dan wawasan agama Islam peserta didik yang kurang tergarap pada kegiatan-kegiatan pembelajaran Pendidikan agama Islam di kelas. ROHIS juga membantu siswa dalam menggali potensi diri, kreativitas, pengalaman keagamaan dan menguatkan keimanan.[The paper examines extracurricular at SMA N 4 Magelang in developing emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence. The study uses a qualitative approach in the field (field research). Data collection techniques, in the form of observation, documentation, and interviews. The conclusion talks ROHIS as an institution in schools that have religious activities. These activities have implications for the development of knowledge and insight into spiritual faith students who have not been explored in religious worship with learning activities in the classroom. ROHIS also helps students to explore their potential, creativity, religious experiences and strengthen their faith.]
Accessing the Economic Value of Natural Snows in Ski Resort Using Contingent Valuation Method
Authors: HEO Jaewan , NAM Seungmin
Published: June 2021

The purposes of this study are to estimate an individual’s probability of willingness to pay tax for preservation of the snows ski resorts in South Korea by using the CVM; and to present the effects of 4Es of the Experience economy theory in the experience economy theory. Truncated mean WTP indicates that the economic value of the natural snows of ski resort in Korea is 172 won (about 17 U.S cents) per household, which is a preservation value. Hence, in the practical perspective, policy makers are able to determine whether they should consistently develop and invest on the preparing for the climate change in the ski resort or not.
Exploring Key Indicators of Community Involvement in Ecotourism Management
Authors: UTAMA I Gusti Bagus Rai , LABA I Nengah , JUNAEDI I Wayan Ruspendi , KRISMAWINTARI Ni Putu Dyah , TURKER Sidhi Bayu , JULIANA Juliana
Published: June 2021

This research tries to find key indicators of community involvement in ecotourism management that can ensure that local communities are involved and take part in ecotourism activities must uphold the values of ecotourism, minimize negative impacts; build awareness and appreciation of ecosystems and culture; provide positive opportunities for visitors and hosts; provide direct financial benefits for conservation; provide monetary benefits and empowerment for local residents and increase the hospitality of rural communities. This study uses a desk research method with data and information search techniques online, secondary sources, and other sources of scientific publications. Meanwhile, the analysis technique used is a descriptive qualitative analysis technique, analogy, and comparison of several research results and other scientific publications related to ecotourism management problems. The ecotourism which is directly adjacent to the conservation forest be able to measure the success based on community participation that namely the MOA method which consists of Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability can be used. The ecotourism which is located in the middle of a village or village settlement can be measured by first that ecotourism can integrate nature and tourism so that (1) a unique tourist attraction that is completely different from other types of tourism, (2) optimally maintains nature according to its main function, (3) can encourage the community's economy as a whole, both the community, investors, and local governments, (4) integrating nature and the tourism system to form attractive tourist attractions in the future. The second conclusion is that ecotourism as an opportunity for local workers and attracts government interest (1) can involve local workers as personnel in its operations, (2) attracts government attention to building public facilities, (3) attracts government attention to providing public transportation, terminals, systems passenger safety, information systems. This study uses only a desk research method with data and information search techniques online, secondary sources, and other sources of scientific publications. Key Indicators of Community Involvement in Ecotourism Management for ecotourism which is directly adjacent to the conservation forest, and ecotourism which is located in the village settlement.
Recreational Opportunities in Tsarist Russia. Opinion by N.F. Vysotsky: Non-Bacterial Studies of the Kazan Bacteriologist
Authors: TRUSHIN Maxim V.
Published: June 2021

At the end of the XIX century in the Russian Empire, the resort business began to develop actively, especially in the Caucasus. This article is devoted to the contribution of the Kazan doctor and bacteriologist Professor Nikolai Fyodorovich Vysotsky to the formation of a new branch of medicine – sanatorium business. The article discusses N.F. Vysotsky's reports on the Caucasian mineral waters and the congress of balneologists. It is shown that N.F. Vysotsky was an outstanding specialist not only in the field of surgery, bacteriology, but also in spa treatment.
Uzbekistan’s Aquatic Environment and Water Management as an Area of Interest for Hydrology and Thematic Tourism
Authors: RÓŻKOWSKI Jacek , RZĘTAŁA Mariusz
Published: June 2021

The functioning of Uzbekistan’s economy is closely linked to the water resources of its huge cross-border rivers: the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, as well as to the groundwater present within their basins. Both natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (e.g. the Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes, the Kayrakkum Reservoir, the Chardarya Reservoir) are present there, which retain significant amounts of water, and large canals with lengths of up to several hundred kilometres which involve complex hydraulic structures are used for irrigation purposes. All these are components of a water management system which needs optimisation; as much as 80% of agricultural land is irrigated, with 70% of the water being lost due to inefficient irrigation systems. The consequence of this allocation of river flows and the overuse of water in irrigation systems has been the disappearance of the Aral Sea (1960 year – 68,900 km2, 2017 year – 8,600 km2) and the inflow of water into the Sarygamysh Lake as well as the reduction of Uzbekistan’s groundwater resources by about 40%. The intensive development of irrigated agriculture is associated with changes in surface and groundwater quality caused, inter alia, by the increased use of chemicals in agriculture and the discharge of collector-drainage waters into river systems as well as their reuse. The extent of environmental degradation in some areas (especially in the Aral Sea region) is unique on a global scale. The origins of Uzbekistan’s other hydrological tourist attractions are related to attempts to ensure the availability of water for both human consumption and industrial use under conditions of water scarcity in the country’s arid and semi-arid climates. Not just the spectacular watercourses and water bodies present there (e.g. rivers, lakes, canals), but also small water retention facilities and minor infrastructure elements (e.g. wells, springs and retention basins, canals, ditches and flow control structures) are of potential tourist importance.