bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vertical Travel, Listing and the Enumeration of the Everyday
Authors: Forsdick Charles
Published: September 2020

Drawing on the work of Georges Perec, and focusing on other authors such as Julio Cortazar and François Maspero, the chapter begins with an analysis of the phenomenon of vertical travel. It explores the ways in which the disruption of the traditional (horizontal) axis of the journey provides access to often unseen aspects of the everyday. In discerning a poetics of such a practice, the chapter privileges processes of listing and enumeration. Perec's use of observational catalogues is seen in particular as a challenge to any understanding of the list as a ‘subsumptive’ form that identifies a thing by subordinating it under a particular category. Instead, he demonstrates how lists may articulate what is observed in very different ways: arranging, combining, and ordering words, observations and things sequentially not only subverts categorical hierarchies, but also has positively generative qualities in creating new epistemological orderings. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the power of the list to subvert established orders of knowledge and to suggest alternative means of making sense of the everyday.
How to Think Like a Plant?
Authors: McLaughlin Emily
Published: September 2020

This chapter uses Ponge’s ‘Le Cycle des saisons’ and Jaccottet’s ‘Les Pivoines’ as two useful models for understanding how late-twentieth-century French poets give voice to plant-life. It explores how Ponge’s delight in the dynamics of language and Jaccottet’s wariness of its distractions have come to define two different approaches to the organic world and, more generally, two different strands of the French poetic tradition: Ponge’s linguistically experimental texts approach plants by cultivating the ‘efflorescence’ of language; Jaccottet’s texts use a rhetoric of hesitation to gesture towards plants’ inherent excess or mystery. Whilst these two approaches to the natural world are now familiar models in late-twentieth-century French poetics, this paper examines how the poems of Eugène Guillevic adopt an altogether more radical, weird, and even productive approach to plant-life. Investigating the speculative nature of Guillevic’s poetics, this chapter explores how he is not content simply to question the subject’s perceptions of and access to physical existence, as Ponge and Jaccottet do, but continually speculates about what life might be like for other forms of existence, in particular, plants. This chapter explores how Guillevic’s poetry makes the presences of the physical world seem more alive to us, more worthy of respect and attention, but also makes us more curious and more daring in how we think about our own sentient and cognitive faculties.
Convulsive Form
Authors: ffrench Patrick
Published: September 2020

Starting from Giorgio Agamben's proposition, in 'Notes on Gesture', that the 20th-century is beset by a 'crisis of gesture' this chapter explores the convulsive or 'innervated body' in the work of Walter Benjamin and Georges Bataille. Taking a less melancholy approach than Agamben, I ask what can the convulsive body do and what forms can it produce. Both Benjamin and Bataille invest the convulsive body with a power susceptible to provoke affective 'discharge' and thus with a kind of political agency. Their approaches differ, however, over the nature of this politics; while Benjamin accentuates the potential of play and its gesturality, especially in his writing in cinema, Bataille pursues convulsion on the terrain of ritual and sacrifice, particularly in the novel Le Bleu du ciel. For both, however, the dangerous continuity between the convulsion and an authoritarian politics is at stake.
Archives
Authors: Panaïté Oana
Published: September 2020

The archive is both an object and a practice where history and memory converge. Yet this French site of memory is also defined by what it leaves out, i.e. the colonial past. This article examines two sites – that is, two forms and practices of document conservation and management along with their public and didactic uses – that define the postcolonial context in France. The first is represented by former colonial archives (Musée national de l’histoire de l’immigration; Archives nationales d’outre-mer) whose relocation and renaming reflects public attitudes and state policies of obfuscation rather than disclosure of the colonial past. The second site is literature (novels by Condé, Monénembo, Chamoiseau and Sebbar), which operates as an intermediate space between memory and history and a realm of living memory that assumes the responsibility of remembering by fulfilling the three tasks incumbent upon the archival institution: managing public recollections, salvaging private memories, as well as conserving, selecting, organizing, and transmitting unrecorded or unacknowledged phenomena and events for social, political, and cultural purposes. The article also considers the lacunae in metropolitan literary history that constitutes, in the post-Lansonian French culture, a nation-building archival genre.
Regions/Province
Authors: Marsh Kate
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this essay is twofold. First, it aims to show the various ways in which regions in metropolitan France were connected materially and affectively with overseas territories in what became popularly known during the interwar period as la plus grande France. Second, it explores how departmental archives, established in part to document local imperialism from the perspective of la France colonisatrice, not only allow an examination of changing reactions to vestiges of the colonial past, but also reveal examples of resistance to the colonial project. Departmental archives further reveal that, rather than being unidirectional from Paris to the provinces, the production of colonial knowledge could be locally specific in its form and its generation.
Borders
Authors: Gott Michael
Published: September 2020

This essay argues for a broader conception of the ‘border’ in a contemporary, postcolonial context. French borders are increasingly diffuse geographically and conceptually. Multidirectional population flows, the effects of European border policies and the ideational borders that delineate between putative insiders and outsiders must all be taken into account. In strictly spatial terms, the contemporary borders of France and Europe are not simply physical lines (however fluid or permeable) where people cross or are compelled to stop, but zones, spaces of contact and back-and-forth, or a ‘borderland’, to use étienne Balibar’s concept. Drawing on historical studies of immigration and current border theory, the essay takes two primary approaches to borders: first as social and political concepts and then as physical spaces or zones. It then concludes examples of cinematic representations of border crossings and border experiences, taken from French, francophone and wider European film industries.
17 October 1961
Authors: Laronde Michel
Published: September 2020

This entry focuses on the resistance against the erasure of institutional violence from collective memory during the Algerian War in France with the example of the 17 October 1961 massacre of North Africans in Paris. As part of an ongoing effort to correct the state’s misrepresentation of the event to the nation, a plaque was inaugurated by the mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoë, on October 17, 2001, to commemorate the fortieth anniversary of the event. The image of the plaque that reads ‘In memory of the many Algerians killed during the bloody repression of the peaceful demonstration of 17 October 1961’ resonates also in other cities around Paris as a corrective act of the great national narrative. Plaques and the renaming of streets, squares and public loci as ‘17 October 1961’ are memory initiatives that ensure the transition from state lie to the historical transformation of one of the traumatic situations embedded along the fractured lines between the colonial and the post-colonial. Plaques are akin to sites of memory, part of the process of healing traumas by keeping them alive in the present and represent the engagement of the post-colonial period towards correcting the distortions of silenced history.
Ouvéa
Authors: Higginson Pim
Published: September 2020

Between 22nd of April and the 5th of May 1988, the now infamous ‘Grotte d’Ouvéa’, event took place. Ouvéa is one of the ‘Loyalty’ islands off the French colony of New Caledonia. Militants fighting for independence took local police hostage and took refuge in a cave. The incident ended with 19 anti-colonial indigenous (or Kanak) fighters and two hostages dead at the hands of French military and paramilitary forces. A year later, Djubelly Wéa gunned down the great Kanak political leader, Jean-Marie Tjibaou (1936-1989) and his aide Yeiwéné Yeiwéné during a ceremony on Ouvéa marking the end to the period of mourning for those killed in the raid. Wéa felt that Djibaou had sold out his people in signing the Matignon accords, a compromise between the forces of the white land-holders and the native people that hoped to end the mounting bloodshed. Djibaou’s death would close a significant chapter in the most recent struggle for independence from French imperialism by an indigenous people. It would also seal the destiny of Ouvéa, and particularly the caves, as a distinct and powerful postcolonial ‘realm of memory.’
Les Sans-papiers
Authors: Thomas Dominic
Published: September 2020

Control and selection have been implicit dimensions of the history of immigration in France, shaping and defining the parameters of national identity over centuries. The year 1996 was a turning point when several hundred African sans-papiers sought refuge in the Saint-Bernard de la Chapelle church in the 18th arrondissement of Paris while awaiting a decision on their petition for amnesty and legalization. The church was later stormed by heavily armed police officers, and although there was widespread support for government policies intended to encourage legal paths to immigration, the police raids provoked outrage. This provided the impetus for social mobilization and the sans-papiers behaved contrary to expectations and decided to deliberately enter the public domain in order to shed light on their conditions. Emerging in this way from the dubious safety of legal invisibility, claims were made for more direct public representation and ultimately for regularization, while also countering popular misconceptions and stereotypes concerning their presence and role in French society. The sans-papiers movement is inspired by a shared memory of resistance and political representation that helps define a lieu de mémoire, a space which is, from a broadly postcolonial perspective, very much inscribed in collective memory.
Anti-colonialism
Authors: Murphy David
Published: September 2020

This essay traces the long but neglected history of French anti-colonialism (focusing on opposition to France’s nineteenth-century empire). In many instances, it is not colonialism per se that has been opposed by French anti-colonialists but rather its violent excesses; that is, anti-colonialism has emerged as an indignant response to what is seen as the Republic’s failure to live up to its ideals, with Republican Universalism invoked as a principle to be upheld rather than critiqued. A more radical and sustained critique of empire, mainly but not solely the work of French colonial subjects (or their descendants) has denounced imperialism as inherently violent and incapable of being reformed, and it has castigated Republican Universalism as an ethnocentrism that dare not speak its name. This contribution will trace both lineages of French/Francophone anti-colonialism.
Post and the Postage Stamp
Authors: Scott David
Published: September 2020

If, as this essay argues, the postage stamp is an exemplary place of memory, what is its status in ‘postcolonial’ guise? To what extent has the stamp been able to free itself from the framing devices (formal and thematic) that governed it in its colonial guise? Or is it, both as place of memory and as instrumental device, condemned to operate in the same way? This paper argues that there can be no ‘post–’ used as a prefix to Post. Although the Post was itself a pre-colonial invention, European imperialism very quickly came to instrumentalize the postage stamp and when the Empire wrote back it sent its messages in the same way, using the same envelopes and forms of legitimization as in colonial times. In this sense, the post-colonial becomes synonymous with ‘universal’ and the scope for subversion of internationally agreed practices is limited to the stamp’s thematic sphere which sometimes, by playing with the signs that conventionally signify ‘place of memory’, can mark a certain irony or signal a critique of the stamp as sign of imposed power or violence. This contribution investigates examples of such practice.
Bande dessinée
Authors: McKinney Mark
Published: September 2020

Some contemporary French cartoonists have published comics that either themselves serve as post-colonial lieux de mémoire in place of disappeared colonial people, places, events or objects, or that otherwise recall colonial lieux de mémoire. The graphic novel Cannibale (2009), adapted by Emmanuel Reuzé from Didier Daeninckx's eponymous prose novel (1998), returns to the International Colonial Exhibition in Paris, which has become a post-colonial lieu de mémoire. The 1931 event, staged at the zenith of French imperial rule, and overseen by Maréchal Lyautey, was grandiose in conception, size and scope, and racist too, in fact. Both versions of Cannibale feature a Kanak narrator sent to perform as a New Caledonian cannibal in the Parisian exhibition. This essay analyzes how Reuzé uses cartooning techniques such as visual symbolism, subjective viewpoints, visual and verbal narration, inset images, and visual rhymes to critique French colonialism and to commemorate its victims.
Conclusion
Authors: Cruickshank Ruth
Published: September 2020

Leftovers concludes as it begins: by identifying the untapped interpretative potential in representations of eating and drinking. It recalls how the critical approaches re-thought in terms of leftovers in Chapter 1 are used in new ways and combinations to explore representations of food and drink in the literary case studies. Writing, reading and feeding emerge as simultaneously ambivalent and transformative processes, which always exceed intentions, spanning the symbolic and the material and evoking leftovers of psychology, ideology and identity. As well as insights into the sample of critical and literary texts (and into post-war France), there are new understandings of the effects of gender, race and class power relations, of unregulated excess and of the impossibility of escaping leftovers of language, desire and repressed traumas. Necessarily only a taste of re-thinking with leftovers, the book offers a springboard for interdisciplinary developments across and beyond comparative, cultural, ecocritical, film, food, gender, modern languages and literary studies. Leftovers offers creative, critical inspiration to explore other theoretical and aesthetic projects which use or are legible through food and drink, enabling a re-thinking of the roles that eating and drinking may play in any kind of representational practice, historical or contemporary, from across the world.
Inside the invisible
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

Liverpool University Press

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Copyright © 2019 Celeste-Marie Bernier, Alan Rice, Lubaina Himid and Hannah Durkin...
‘Rituals of reclaiming lost artefacts, refusing oppression and looking for ancestors’ in Heroes and Heroines (1984)
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

All too aware of the political and cultural minefields generated by memorialisations of white men as icons of racist hate in her Cut-Out Men series, however much she was ‘trying to laugh at them, to sneer, and to jibe, to expose them as liars and cheats’, this chapter discusses Himid’s body of work titled Heroes and Heroines which she decided to create in 1984 in recognition of her realisation that ‘I have since decided that they are best left well alone, ignored’. Visualising Black to white male oppression in this series, Himid re-presents, re-creates and re-imagines the lives of African diasporic women and men, iconic and invisibilised, as they engage in ‘the rituals of reclaiming lost artefacts, refusing oppression and looking for ancestors’. Dramatically to the fore is Himid’s vindication of the absent-presence and present-absence of missing genealogies of Black artistry and activism.
Artist Statement II Telling Invisible Stories
Authors: Bernier Celeste-Marie , Rice Alan , Himid Lubaina , Durkin Hannah
Published: September 2020

In this section of the book, Himid discusses Plan B (1999), Inside the Invisible (2001) and Zanzibar (1999).
Comparative evaluation ofHermetia illucens larvae reared on different substrates for red tilapia diet: effect on growth and body composition
Authors: Taufek N.M. , Lim J.Z.Y. , Bakar N.H. Abu
Published: September 2020

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL;Hermetia illucens) can be a very beneficial source of protein to replace fishmeal for fish feed, but little is known about the impact of their growing substrate on the performance and nutritional composition of the fish consuming them. In this study, BSFL were reared on two different substrates; palm oil decanter cake (DC) and coconut pulp (CP) for 35 days before processing and including them in tilapia diet with 50% inclusion level. The weight and length of the BSFL as well as waste reduction efficiency was observed. The fish were assigned to three different diets, namely DC50 (50% BSFL from DC), CP50 (50% BSFL from CP) while 100FM (100% fishmeal) is treated as a control. The fish performance, feed efficiency and nutritional composition of their body after 4-weeks of feeding trial were observed. The results indicate that BSFL cultured in DC obtained higher body weight gain but less efficient in reducing waste compared to those cultured in CP. The utilisation of 50% inclusion level of BSFL cultured in DC for tilapia diet improves growth and feed efficiency. However, the inclusion of all experimental diets has a less pronounced effect on protein and ash body composition; although fish fed with CP50 has the least lipid body composition compared to other treatments. The experiment demonstrated that replacement of fishmeal by BSFL cultured in different substrates would influence the performance of fish consuming it. Results of the present study will offer an optimal solution, especially for large-scale commercial BSFL cultivation.
Bioaccumulation of deltamethrin, tebuconazole and chlormequat chloride inT. molitor larvae and risks associated with their human consumption
Authors: Dreassi E. , Mancini A. , Corbini G. , Botta M. , Tarchi F. , Francardi V.
Published: September 2020

Edible insects are generally reared on agricultural product-based diets. These feeding substrates may contain pesticides or toxins that are derived from field practices for plant growth and defence and that may represent a health risk to insect consumers. The present study investigatedTenebrio molitor capability to uptake from contaminated substrates three chemical compounds that are employed in agricultural practices: the insecticide deltamethrin (DELTA), the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) and the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride (CCC), all with different properties of lipophilicity and potentially harmful for human and animal health. Newly optimised and validated LC-MS/MS methods have been used for the quantification of pesticide residues in larvae samples. Analysis showed that DELTA and TEB are retained by larvae, even after 24 h of fasting, due to their lipophilicity. Larvae fasting period allowed the elimination of 47% of DELTA residues and 78% of TEB ones. Diversely, CCC, the most hydrophilic chemical compound, was completely eliminated after the fasting. The toxicity of pesticides to larvae has been also investigated. The highest mortality ofT. molitor larvae (close to 50%) was recorded for the insecticide DELTA, at the dose of 20 mg/kg and for CCC (15%) at the concentration of 4 mg/kg. The safety of insects as food and feed represents an important section in the field of the control of food of animal origin and animal health. Nevertheless, to date, this aspect is not yet completely determined due to the lack of scientific data in this area. By assessing the accumulation rate of some chemicals in reared insects and by evaluating the toxic effects that chemicals may have on larvae, this study could contribute to filling this gap.
Chemical food safety of using former foodstuffs for rearing black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) for feed and food use
Authors: van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Meijer N. , Nijkamp M.M. , Schmitt E. , van Loon J.J.A.
Published: September 2020

Black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae is considered one of the insect species with great potential for large-scale production as feed and food. For this to become economically feasible and to contribute to a circular economy, BSF larvae should be reared on substrates with little or no alternative use for feed and food production. One such class of alternative substrate sources consists of former food products. However, BSF larvae may accumulate chemical contaminants from the substrate, which may originate from the foodstuff and/or the packaging materials. This study aimed to investigate the possible presence of chemical contaminants in BSF larvae being reared on former foodstuff substrates at both laboratory and industrial scale. Four experimental treatments were set up: with meat or vegetarian, and containing between 3-6% of either plastic or paperboard carton packaging material. Four-day old BSF larvae were reared for seven days on these substrates. Concentrations of heavy metals, mineral oil hydrocarbons, dioxins and PCBs, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in the substrate, residual material, and the larvae. Results suggest that BSF larvae can be reared on former food products containing traces of packaging materials, without negative effects on their growth or survival. Bio-accumulation was observed for most of the tested contaminants, in particular for mineral oils and cadmium, which had a bio-accumulation rate of, respectively, about five and 20. However, none of the concentrations of the analysed contaminants in the substrate and the larvae exceeded the respective legal limits in the EU. Results of this pilot study were promising. As a next step, more different former food products should be investigated in future research.
Leadership 5.0: An Agile Mindset for a Digital Future
Authors: Salvetti Fernando , Bertagni Barbara
Published: September 2020

This article is about a program aimed at fostering an agile mindset in young corporate leaders (under 40 years old) working in the energy sector, who are expected to be effective leaders in an ever more digitalized world; the program has been co-designed with ENI Corporate University (Milan and Rome, Italy) on behalf of the World Economic Forum (Davos and Geneva, Switzerland). Digital transformation is not only about technology. It is also mainly enabled by leadership that is grounded in 3 pillars: teamwork, start-up culture, and matrix management. Hot topics and key activities include: a business game for launching a new cryptocurrency; scenario analysis  and immersive simulation within a mixed reality environment (e-REAL); online keynotes by seasoned faculty from Harvard, MIT and Stanford with moderated Q&A sessions to facilitate an interactive dialogue; a collaborative platform to enhance online learning and bridge between modules.
kubẽ-kà kumrenx: Vestidos e gênero entre os Mẽbêngôkre
Authors: Earp Julia Sá
Published: September 2020

Este artigo busca abordar questões contemporâneas da sociedade Mẽbêngokre-Kayapó a partir do estudo referente aos vestidos utilizados pelas mulheres deste povo, chamados de kubẽ-kà kumrenx e fabricados na maioria das cidades próximas às aldeias. Este objeto abrirá espaço para reflexões sobre as pontes construídas e tensionadas pelas mulheres mẽbêngôkre entre seus mundos e o dos brancos em uma perspectiva sobre a manipulação de substâncias materiais e imateriais como estratégias, estéticas e políticas de construção de seus corpos. Em um primeiro momento, apresento o campo sobre a Casa de Costura em Kaprãnkrere, T.I. Las Casas, e sua idealizadora Tuíre Kayapó. Na segunda parte, relato histórias contadas sobre a origem destas vestimentas no Território Menkragnoti em busca de conectar as intenções de uso com o fenômeno da difusão desta moda em todos os Territórios Kayapó.
Uma história de dois dinheiros: Salários e gorjetas em dois casinos portugueses
Authors: Gomes João
Published: September 2020

Ao contrário do que sucede na maioria dos contextos laborais, a componente remuneratória mais relevante para os trabalhadores dos dois casinos analisados neste artigo são as gratificações1 e não o salário. As gratificações e o salário são duas materializações do mesmo princípio económico: o dinheiro. Ao mesmo tempo, refletem quantidades semelhantes nos rendimentos globais dos pagadores de banca2 de casino. No entanto, assumem qualidades divergentes. Gratificações e salários são representados de formas distintas e, muitas vezes, antagonistas. A “economia moral” que regula os comportamentos e atitudes dos profissionais de banca em relação às gratificações é manifestamente distinta da que está associada aos salários. A centralidade desta componente remuneratória na experiência laboral destes trabalhadores favorece a constituição de “habitus profissionais” discrepantes em relação a outras frações da classe trabalhadora. Este artigo, inserido na subdisciplina da antropologia económica e baseado numa investigação etnográfica, procura analisar os “mapas cognitivos” e os “universos simbólicos” associados às gratificações e aos salários, bem como as suas implicações na experiência profissional destes trabalhadores.
Blockchain-Autonomous Driving Systems
Authors: Kumari P. Lalitha Surya
Published: September 2020

Blockchain is the upcoming new information technology that could have quite a lot of significant future applications. In this chapter, the communication network for the reliable environment of intelligent vehicle systems is considered along with how the blockchain technology generates trust network among intelligent vehicles. It also discusses different factors that are effecting or motivating automotive industry, data-driven intelligent transportation system (D2ITS), structure of VANET, framework of intelligent vehicle data sharing based on blockchain used for intelligent vehicle communication and decentralized autonomous vehicles (DAV) network. It also talks about the different ways the autonomous vehicles use blockchain. Block-VN distributed architecture is discussed in detail. The different challenges of research and privacy and security of vehicular network are discussed.
Security, Privacy, and Trust Management and Performance Optimization of Blockchain
Authors: Gupta Priti , Kumar Abhishek , Singhal Achintya , Saurabh Shantanu , Kumar V. D. Ambeth
Published: September 2020

Blockchain provides innovative ideas for storing information, executing transactions, performing functions, creating trust in an open environment, etc. Even though cryptographers, mathematicians, and coders have been trying to bring the most trustable protocols to get authentication guarantee over various systems, blockchain technology is secure with no central authority in an open network system because of a large distributed network of independent users. If anyone tries to change the blockchain database, the current hash will also change, which does not match with the previous hash. In this way, blockchain creates privacy and trust in digital data by removing malleability attacks. In this chapter, security and privacy on the blockchain has been focused. The safety and privacy of blockchain are mainly engrossed on two things: firstly, uncovering few attacks suffered by blockchain systems and, secondly, putting specific and advanced proposals against such attacks.
The Big Data Era
Authors: Krommyda Maria K. , Kantere Verena
Published: September 2020

Large datasets pertaining to many scientific fields and everyday activities are becoming available at an increasing rate. Processing, analyzing, and understanding the information that they offer poses significant technical challenges. There are many efforts dedicated to the development of big data exploration, analysis, and visualization applications that will improve the value of the information extracted from these datasets. An analysis of the state-of-the-art in these applications is presented here along with open research challenges that have not yet been tackled sufficiently. Also, specific domains where big data applications are needed are presented, and unique challenges are identified.
Automated App for Mental Health Analysis
Authors: Rastogi Rohit , Chaturvedi Devendra Kumar , Gupta Mayank , Singhal Parul
Published: September 2020

Many apps and analyzers based on machine learning have been designed already to help and cure the stress issue, which is an epidemic. The project is based on an experimental research work that the authors have performed at Research Labs and Scientific Spirituality Centers of Dev Sanskriti VishwaVidyalaya, Haridwar and Patanjali Research Foundations, Uttarakhand. In their research work, the correctness and accuracy have been studied and compared for two biofeedback devices named as electromyography (EMG) and galvanic skin response (GSR), which can operate in three modes—audio, visual, and audio-visual—with the help of data set of tension type headache (TTH) patients. They have realized by their research work that these days people have lot of stress in their life so they planned to make an effort for reducing the stress level of people by their technical knowledge of computer science. In their project, the authors have a website that contains a closed set of questionnaires from SF-36, which have some weight associated with each question.
Automating Pain Reduction Using Biosensors and Realtime Adaptive VR
Authors: Bondin Luca , Dingli Alexiei
Published: September 2020

Recent years have seen digital game mediums taking conventional amusement, entertainment, and leisure industries by storm. They have revolutionized the system to the extent that the industry cannot now even dream of doing without this overwhelming reality. The same game mediums that have capitalized on intrinsic leisure aspects have simultaneously focused with equal vigour on other equally, if not more, important collateral objectives. This chapter builds on this concept and discusses work currently being carried out at the University of Malta. The research brings together various concepts synonymous with the field of artificial intelligence and automation to propose the use of games as a means of distraction therapy for individuals undergoing painful clinical treatment procedures.
The Gaming Experience With AI
Authors: Khatri Preety
Published: September 2020

There are several uses of artificial intelligence in games that are useful for the better game design. With the help of AI, we can improve the games in different ways by simply playing them. In the game industry, when artificial intelligence of the game enhances to the profitable value of the game, this adds to better game reviews, which results to improve the experience of the player. By using AI, we can control both the player as well as non-player characters of the game. AI emphasizes on optimizing the performance of play, which means to measure the degree to which a player comes across the goals of the game, in case of player character. Whereas the role of AI in case of a non-player character emphasizes automatic game balancing mechanisms as well as allow dynamic difficulty adjustment. The use of AI for the empathetic player experience can improve and drive the design process of games. This chapter explores gaming with AI.
Kids in the Library
Authors: Gammons Rachel W. , Kletscher Karina , Corlett-Rivera Kelsey Elizabeth.
Published: September 2020

While children's services are traditionally associated with public libraries, the increase in students with dependent children means that academic libraries are increasingly being called to provide family-friendly spaces. Using the University of Maryland Libraries as a case study, the authors detail the process of developing, implementing, and overseeing family-friendly services, including a family study room and activity kits for children. They argue there is value in welcoming families into the academy and projects, such as a family study room, worthy not only for the contributions they make to the community but also for the opportunity to enact joy in our daily practice as academic librarians.
The Role of the Supervisor in Creating and Maintaining an Emotionally Healthy Workplace
Authors: Tureen Amy
Published: September 2020

Supervisors, be they employed in higher education or in other industries, operate in capacities that allow them to shape organizational cultures within their departments, divisions, colleges, or broader units. Within the higher educational model, this means that supervisors are uniquely placed to counteract negative elements within the culture of academia, which historically has tended to prioritize individual competitive output, with alternative models that may offer improvements to the emotional health and well-being of higher education employees. This chapter seeks to describe the impact of stress on the health of workers, the employment stressors that are unique to higher education, and the processes by which supervisors in higher education can use their positional power to counteract said stressors and improve academic organizational cultures. The chapter includes practical suggestions for supervisors to enhance wellness and decrease emotional harm in scenarios common to the higher education workplace as identified via social media crowdsourcing.
Rising Power of Today's Brands
Authors: Duman Orhan
Published: September 2020

Today, businesses use communication channels, which is usually done to create brand value on consumers and to support the sale of the brand. However, it is controversial whether these efforts find the expected response in consumers. On the consumer side, there are word-of-mouth communication channels, which have become an electronic WOM (eWOM) concept after the spread of internet and social networking sites. Consumers are seeking information about products/brands and taking into account the impact and approval of certain reference groups such as market mavens. Market mavens have become much more effective in the digital environment and has reached an impact power that both affects and directs consumers via eWOM. As confidence and commitment to market mavens developed, interest in the products/brands they offered increased. Today's brands that realize the importance of market mavens will be able to survive and stand out in a competitive environment. Such brands can benefit from this marketing advantage by generating messages and content that can be viral for market mavens through eWOM.
Human Capital Development Strategy for a Sustainable Economy
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Lawal Ibrahim Olanrewaju
Published: September 2020

The current production and consumption systems have created many social and environmental issues in the global business environment. These issues are of concern for many policymakers across the globe. The essence of the policy framework on sustainability is to transform the global economy into a more sustainable economy. Human capital development is central to economic transformation. This chapter examines the human capital development strategy for a more sustainable economy. A desktop research approach was adopted to investigate the relationship between human capital development strategy and sustainable economic development. For an effective transition into a sustainable economy, this chapter upholds an alignment of human and organisational development strategy, as well as a national development plan with the economic, social, and environmental pillars of sustainability. Therefore, human capital development strategy is a holistic approach to explore the four greens (green savings, green opportunities, green talent, and green places) for a more sustainable economy.
Green Human Resources and Sustainable Business Solutions
Authors: Lawal Ibrahim Olanrewaju , Olawoyin Femi Stephen
Published: September 2020

This chapter discusses green human resources (HR) and its impact on sustainable business solutions. It embraces work area research and writing audit way to discover the connection between green HR and sustainable business performance. This chapter examines the influence of human resources (HR) as a fundamental capacity in an organisation. The role of HR in the organisation has moved beyond focusing on realising organisational objective but into the integration of corporate strategy with environmental sustainability through environmentally friendly practice. The study explores instrumental theory, which focuses on both shareholder and stakeholders' interests of an organisation. Therefore, organisations need to align its operational objectives with environmental sustainability objectives through effective green HR practices to achieve sustainable business solutions.
Bibliographical Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Abdel-Haq Mohammed Kayed
Published: September 2020

This chapter provides an overview of research on AI applications in higher education using a systematic review approach. There were 146 articles included for further analysis, based on explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings show that Computer Science and STEM make up the majority of disciplines involved in AI education literature and that quantitative methods were the most frequently used in empirical studies. Four areas of AI education applications in academic support services and institutional and administrative services were revealed, including profiling and prediction, assessment and evaluation, adaptive systems and personalisation, and intelligent tutoring systems. This chapter reflects on the challenges and risks of AI education, the lack of association between theoretical pedagogical perspectives, and the need for additional exploration of pedagogical, ethical, social, cultural, and economic dimensions of AI education.
An Interactive System Evaluation of Blackboard System Applications
Authors: Albakri Abubakar , Abdulkhaleq Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Online learning today demonstrates comparability with face-to-face learning. New digital technologies provide an improved and immersive learning experience for students and related educational ecosystem. A virtual learning environment (VLE), for example, is an online-based platform that provides digital solutions for teachers and students that enhance the learning experience. This chapter observes the main elements of virtual learning environments, together with an evaluation of the VLE blackboard system design, and discusses how blackboard facilitates teaching, learning, and communication in HEIs. Findings suggest that the weaknesses of blackboard could be compensated by the opportunities, whilst threats should be considered by the policymakers to enrich the teaching and learning experience. Recommendations and future potential research are also provided.
Deploying Knowledge Management for Effective Technologies in Higher Education Partnerships
Authors: Elezi Enis , Bamber Christopher
Published: September 2020

The Higher Education sector is rapidly changing and is in a current state of flux because of the changing global demand of students. To cope with this dynamism, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are entering into partnerships to combine competences and market presence. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a better understanding of Knowledge Management (KM) in HEIs and discuss the role of communication and organisational learning when working in partnerships. The authors present developmental stages of a higher education partnership so that deployment of underutilised KM technologies can be identified at each stage. The chapter then identifies KM factors specifically useful for the evaluation stage of a higher education partnership; thus, measurement of those factors could foster organisational learning more easily. The chapter also provides a discussion of underutilised technologies in HEIs and explains how improving utilisation would enhance institutional and cross-institutional performance.
Preserving Endangered Archives Through Open Access
Authors: Mnjama Nathan
Published: September 2020

Archives and manuscript collections, when well preserved, play a pivotal role in the preservation of corporate memory as well as the transmission of culture, building of national identity, and in providing valuable information sources on a variety of issues. However, in many parts of the world, the preservation and accessibility of archives and manuscripts, particularly those privately held, remains a neglected area requiring innovative ways to enhance their long-term preservation and accessibility. This chapter examines how endangered archival collections can be preserved through open access and digitization programmes funded locally or jointly with donor agencies. Specifically, the chapter examines the contribution made by the Endangered Archives Programme, a UK-based programme supported by Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, to preserve endangered archives in Africa. The chapter shows that over the past 16 years, the Endangered Archives Programme has made a significant contribution in the preservation of endangered archives held privately and in public archival institutions. The chapter argues that the approach followed by the Endangered Archives Programme clearly demonstrates that collaborative effort in the preservation of endangered archives results in mutual benefits to the local communities as well the research community via the British Library. The chapter concludes by suggesting future directions that may be considered when undertaking similar copying projects.
The role of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in young-onset hypertension
Authors: Gokaslan Serkan , Ozer Gokaslan Cigdem , Celik Sefa
Published: September 2020

Young-onset hypertension is defined as hypertension seen in patients under 40 years of age. The relationship between hypertension and inflammation has been identified. In hypertensive patients, YKL-40 has been shown to be increased by endothelial dysfunction as a local secreted mediator. Vaspin, an adipokine, is derived from adipose tissue and irreversibly inhibits serine proteases. It has been reported that vaspin may act as an anti-inflammatory agent and increases endothelial-dependent relaxation, also has a positive effect on nitric oxide bioavailability, which is important in the etiology of endothelial dysfunction. In clinical practice, some indirect and practical methods may help to evaluate endothelial functions, including flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), which is considered to be the most practical and effective method. The present study was performed to determine the circulating YKL-40 and vaspin levels in young-onset hypertensive patients and healthy subjects and to reveal their relationships with vascular function evaluated by FMD.We enrolled 24 patients diagnosed with young-onset hypertension and 22 volunteers without hypertension. The plasma levels of YKL-40 and vaspin were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay, respectively. FMD was measured using a Doppler ultrasound device. Compared with those in normotensive controls, the plasma levels of YKL-40 were significantly higher, and FMD values were significantly lower in patients with young-onset hypertension (P<0.05). The plasma levels of YKL-40 were also negatively correlated with FMD. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in the levels of vaspin between the two groups (P=0.531). In this study, decreased FMD and increased levels of YKL-40 were associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in patients with young-onset hypertension, suggesting the role of these factors in the etiology of hypertension.
Emergency department and early detection of adolescents and young adults at risk of developing mental disorders: an exploratory study
Authors: Solmi Marco , Della Rocca Foscarina , Cianci Vito , Giacometti Alessandro , Alexopulos Chiara , Granziol Umberto , Favaro Angela , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Zoleo Miranda , Cremonese Carla
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study is to assess the potential role of Emergency Department (ED) for early detection of mental disorders. Two cohorts (6,759 subjects aged 14 to 24 accessing ED, 165 subjects with mental disorders) were matched by ID and merged. Primary outcome was the proportion of individuals accessing ED before receiving a diagnosis of mental disorder in Mental Health Service (MHS). Secondary outcomes were age of first access to ED in subjects later accessing to MHS, and time from first ED access to receiving a diagnosis of mental disorder at MHS. We assessed whether gender, severity of ED presentation, and number of ED accesses predicted primary outcome. Almost half of individuals who later developed mental disorders (49.7%) accessed ED before access to MHS. Mean age of first ED contact among those later accessing to MHS was 17.34 (2.1), and ED access preceded access to MHS by 3.68 (2.11) years. Gender and severity of ED presentation were not associated with the access to MHS, while higher number of ED accesses was associated with later access to MHS (OR range: 1.17-1.36, p<0.05). Despite its limitations, the present study suggests ED might represent a contact point for individuals who later access to MHS. Future early detection programs should involve ED in their outreach and screening approaches. Additional studies are needed to assess if subjects earlier accessing to ED are at risk-of-developing or already suffer from a mental disorder, and to validate screening instruments specifically designed for ED.