bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the EU and Czech Security System in the Field Of Effectiveness of the Risk Management and Protection System For Security Practices
Authors: Polivka Lubomir , Soucek Vladimir , Mirka Otakar Jiri , Hrivnak Jan
Published: April 2024

Risk management and Population protection in the Czech Republic is based on a long tradition and knowledge from dealing with emergencies and crisis situations. However, it appears that there is a need to continuously improve this area of state security policy on the basis of practical experience and deeper analyses. The possibility of optimizing the basic areas of security systems is the subject of security research by a number of Czech authorities and organizations, where the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic and its educational institution, the Police Academy of the Czech Republic in Prague (hereinafter referred to as "PA"), play an important role. At this University focused not only on police topic, but also on the protection of the population and economy, public administration security and civil emergency planning, a number of research activities have been carried out, which are also used in this proposal for the optimization of security systems in the Czech Republic and partly in the EU.
Future Wars and Their Morale in Post- And Transhumanist Discourse
Authors: Brudnicka-Żółtaniecka Jowita
Published: April 2024

The article serves as a continuation of the first part of reflections on future wars and the morale of their participants. The results of a survey will be presented, addressing the most important issues and controversies related to the concept of post-humanism. The study of the awareness of declared transhumanists regarding international security confirmed the heterogeneity of predictions and perceptions of globalization trends. However, even the analysis of the "metrics," i.e., the characteristics of the research group's parameters, allowed for drawing interesting conclusions. The research goal remained complex. Firstly, I wanted to confront the theoretical assumptions of post- and transhumanism; secondly, I aimed to attempt an answer to the question: Who is and what does the contemporary post- and transhumanist think about future wars?
SYNONYMIC FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL TERMS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LEARNING PROCESSES
Authors:   Termiz State Pedagogical institute, 1st year master’s student, Uzbekistan, Xushmamatovna Bekmuratova Dilbar
Published: April 2024

This study delves into the synonymic characteristics of educational terms, examining their linguistic properties and the implications for both teaching and learning effectiveness. By employing a mixed-methods approach that combines a literature review, surveys of educational professionals, and direct classroom observations, we aim to elucidate how synonyms used within educational contexts influence learner comprehension and engagement. The findings indicate that while synonyms can enrich the language of instruction and facilitate varied conceptual representations, their improper usage might lead to confusion and hinder learning processes. Based on these observations, the paper proposes strategic recommendations for optimizing the use of synonyms in educational settings to improve clarity and enhance student learning outcomes.
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: “EXAMINING THE ROLE OF EMOTION IN LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND ITS IMPACT ON COMMUNICATION”
Authors:   Teacher, Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, Uzbekistan, Irgashovna Irgasheva Madina
Published: April 2024

Psycholinguistics is a field of study that focuses onunderstanding how language is processed in the human mind. One interesting aspect of this research is the role of emotion in language processing and its impact on communication. Emotions play a crucial role in how we interpret and respond to language, influencing our understanding and expression of words and sentences.This article talked about them.
PROSPECTIVE PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Termez State Pedagogical Institute,Uzbekistan, Khabibullaevna Xaydarova Mahliyo
Published: April 2024

In the world, the young people are paid great attention to the education, their relevant professions, the reform of the education system and the training of national personnel to the level of modern requirements. In our republic, one of the main directions of the society's needs is the organization and updating of content in primary school in accordance with modern requirements, connection of continuing education with science and industry, further improvement of the system of higher education institutions in the field of pedagogy, strengthening methodological training of competitive teachers, that article , some issues of improving the methodological preparation of future primary school teachers to teach the subject of education will be considered.
EXAMINING PRESIDENTIAL IMMUNITY: THE JANUARY 6 RIOT, TRUMP, AND THE 14TH AMENDMENT - AN IMPERATIVE CONSIDERATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Authors:   Visiting PhD Researcher Department of Political Science York University –Canada, Tapang Pelekeh H.
Published: April 2024

The work critically engulfs the events surrounding the January 6 riot, interactions, Trump’s alleged involvement, and the application of the 14th Amendment’s Section 3. The central question of the study puzzles on whether the said Amendment grants States jurisprudence to determine or alter presidential immunity. Drawing on Montesquieu's theory of separation of powers - a natural pillar of Federalism that was fundamental in drafting the US Constitution, the work embarks on an exploration that investigates the intersections of States prerogatives on Federal institutions. Building on these constructions, the work delves into intricate legal debates interlocking constitutional interpretation, and emphasizing its potential ramifications. The study employs comparative methodology; incorporating the ten Southern-States that barred Abraham Lincoln, and the case of USA vs Nixon. The approach illuminates political materialism, an enduring theme in American politics, thus, producing a better understanding of the state of the art, through the intrinsic corollaries of federalism in the ever evolving extensive milieus of political constitutionalism and legal canons.
SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE KHIVA KHANATE AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (XIX CENTURY)
Authors:   Associate professor, candidate of historical sciences, Department of History and Ethnology of the Peoples of Central Asia, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies, Uzbekistan, Saidov Shavkat J.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the study of scientific, theoretical and methodological aspects of relations between the Khiva Khanate and the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The author analyzed the views of influential Uzbek and foreign researchers on international relations and foreign policy and tried to highlight the scientific, theoretical and methodological aspects of the relationship between the Khiva Khanate and the Russian Empire. This article is dedicated to the special aspects of the relationship between the Khanate of Khiva, a vassal state during the period of dependence, with the Russian Empire, diplomatic institutions, positions, persons who performed activities, and their duties.
Güncel Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Çalışmaları
Authors: Kaplan Selçuk , Şenkaya Ayşe Rabia , Yenigül Nefise Nazlı , Deniz Rulin , Toprak Veysel , Budak Özcan , Alay İsmail , Eren Ecem , Ağar Eser , Kaplan Selçuk , Kulaksız Deniz
Published: April 2024

Otoi̇mmun Hastalıklar Ektopi̇k Gebeli̇k Geli̇şi̇mi̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Ri̇sk Faktör
Selçuk KAPLAN
Adolesanlarda Endometri̇ozi̇s Hastalığının Yönetim
Ayşe Rabia ŞENKAYA
Ovaryen PRP Uygulamasının IVF/ICSI Sonuçlar Üzeri̇ne Etki̇si
Nefise Nazlı YENİGÜL
Tekrarlayan İmplantasyon Başarısızlığında
Endometri̇al Hasarlamanın Rolü
Rulin DENİZ
IVF Tedavi̇leri̇nde Lüteal Faz Desteği
Veysel TOPRAK
Özcan BUDAK
Aşırı Akti̇f Mesane Sendromuna Genel Bakış ve Hastaya Özel Tedavi̇de Yeni̇ Yaklaşım
İsmail ALAY
Ecem EREN
Radyofrekans ile Labi̇oplasti
Eser AĞAR
Sık Görülen Vaji̇nal Enfeksi̇yonlar ile Yüksek Ri̇skli̇ Human Papi̇lloma Vi̇rus Varlığı Arasındaki̇ İlişkisi
Selçuk KAPLAN
Embri̇yo Seçi̇m Kri̇terleri
Deniz KULAKSIZ
Evaluación de endocarditis infecciosa en el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho asociada a comunicación interventricular en paciente pediátrico
Authors: Vergara Orduña Fernando Ivan , Razo-Pinete José Antonio , Rivera-Hermosillo Julio César , Arroyo-Martínez Esbeidira Aranet , Borges-Martínez Jesús Samuel
Published: April 2024

La endocarditis infecciosa es una complicación de algún defecto cardíaco congénito de alto flujo. La presencia de defectos septales confiere un riesgo de 20 a 30 veces más de endocarditis, comparado con la población adulta. Dicha complicación determina un aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad. Se presenta el caso de una paciente pediátrica, donde el diagnóstico inicial fue por medio de estudio ecocardiográfico transtorácico. La evaluación de fiebre de origen a determinar, teniendo un antecedente de cardiopatía congénitas de alto flujo no corregida, en este caso comunicación interventricular, la principal sospecha es la endocarditis infecciosa.
Variantes anatómicas de vasos supraórticos detectadas con angiorresonancia: presentación de casos
Authors: Burgos Mario , Carrizo Alvaro , Arévalo Carlos , Mohanna Roberto , Socolsky Gustavo
Published: April 2024

Las variantes vasculares congénitas de los troncos supraórticos son hallazgos relativamente frecuentes en la práctica clínica. La mayoría tienen una presentación asintomática y se diagnostican de forma accidental por métodos de imágenes.
Diagnóstico Situacional de los Talleres de Corte y Confección de la Ciudad de Babahoyo
Authors: Salgado Pazmiño Alex Xavier , Guevara Barrigas Karina Aracely , Gallegos Villacís Adriana Carolina , Quezada Méjico Nancy Isabel , Guamán Mora María Natividad
Published: April 2024

El presente análisis es un resultado de la investigación previa, que tiene como propósito dar a conocer el diagnóstico de la situación actual de la mayoría de los talleres de corte y confección de la ciudad de Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos. Por medio de este estudio, se verificó la realidad existente del entorno completo de la industria de la confección de la ciudad de Babahoyo, entre los que destacaron conocer el tipo de actividades a las que se dedica con mayor frecuencia el taller, el tipo de prendas que fabrican frecuentemente y el número de maquinarias utilizadas, la cantidad de personal, la cantidad de la producción, las características de los tejidos utilizados, así como el segmento del mercado al que se dirigen. En el desarrollo de este estudio se utilizaron los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, indispensables para el cumplimiento de los objetivos mencionados, puesto que, por medio de técnicas de recopilación de información, se procedió a recoger la información actualizada de cada taller de la ciudad, sucedida de la tabulación de los resultados para su póstumo análisis e interpretación. Gracias al desempeño comercial que tienen los talleres se pudo comprobar que la realidad situacional que enfrentan los talleres de corte y confección de la ciudad de Babahoyo es preocupante, debido a que el trabajo industrial que realizan es 100% manual, lo cual ocasiona que las producciones que se ejecutan, generen un alto grado de desechos textiles.
La Colocación de Créditos y su Relación con la Rentabilidad
Authors: Malla Alvarado Franklin Yovani , Martínez Martínez Eduardo José , Matailo Yaguana Liliana de Jesús , Ayala Martínez Andrea de los Ángeles , Sojos Pérez Susanne Serenella
Published: April 2024

El estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre las colocaciones y la rentabilidad de la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito “COOPMEGO”, una de las más grandes en relación a sus activos en la provincia de Loja y la región sur del país; para ello, se describió las variables y se analizó la importancia, para conocer las características del problema y establecer la relación existente entre la variable independiente (colocación de crédito) y dependiente (rentabilidad). Para la obtención de resultados se realizó un análisis de la colocación de créditos como de su rentabilidad en los últimos cinco años, los cuales presentaron varias fluctuación en estos años, siendo el 2020 el año con mayor decrecimiento por la recesión económica, además, se observó los datos estadísticos de estos para comprender las diferentes variaciones ocasiones en dichos años, donde la desviación estándar se establece con un valor de 0,005 para ROA y 0,033 para ROE, indicando que los valores no presentan mayor dispersión, puesto que la rentabilidad de la cooperativa se ha mantenido en valores similares o cercanos entre sí. Sin embargo, la correlación diagnóstica que, a pesar de tener un elevado nivel de colocaciones, no implica que la rentabilidad de sus activos sea igual a esta. Con ello podemos concluir que la cooperativa tiene una relación positiva débil, es decir, la colocación de créditos puede incrementar, pero es muy posible que la rentabilidad lo haga de forma débil, debido a que el fin principal de estas organizaciones es el bien común de sus integrantes y no el lucro económico.
Investigación de Mercado para el Mejoramiento de la Atención al Cliente en La Comuna Joa
Authors: Solis Barreto Yomira Lilibeth , Parrales Reyes Jenny Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

La actual investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las problemáticas que generan un déficit de atención al cliente y la disminución del turismo y generar soluciones para que la Comuna Joa logre incrementar las visitas, para ello, se han realizado encuestas a los turistas y habitantes de la misma, nuestro análisis también se ha enfocado en la revisión de los servicios ofrecidos en la zona. La metodología utilizada en la investigación permitió conocer las falencias de la Comuna Joa. Los principales resultados indican que el grado de satisfacción de las aguas termales que ofrece la Comuna Joa, al 41% de las personas les parece excelente y el 2% consideran que es muy mala, además con respecto a las tradiciones de la Comuna Joa el 23% confirmó que conocía mucho de las tradiciones y el 12% casi nada. Sin embargo, la atención al cliente en algunas zonas turísticas no cumple con las expectativas de los visitantes, lo que puede generar una mala experiencia. En conclusión, la implementación de estas estrategias permitiría mejorar la calidad de los habitantes de la Comuna Joa, lo que a su vez incentivaría el turismo y la generación de ingresos en la zona. La recomendación es implementar medidas para mejorar la atención al cliente, como la capacitación del personal de la Comuna Joa, la implementación de un sistema de retroalimentación de los visitantes y así mismo, se recomienda potenciar la oferta de servicios turísticos, que ofrece la Comuna como las aguas termales, el pozo azufrado, el volcán Chocotete, entre otros.
Cómo Influyen las Herramientas Tecnológicas en la Enseñanza Aprendizaje del Docente hacia los Estudiantes de Educación Básica
Authors: Tinitana Castillo Vanessa del Carmen
Published: April 2024

El uso de herramientas tecnológicas TIC en la enseñanza se ha convertido en un recurso imprescindible en las aulas escolares como un enfoque innovador apto para cualquier campo de estudio. Como agentes más importantes del proceso educativo, los docentes necesitan mantenerse actualizados y encontrar un lugar. Para autoeducación y actualizaciones técnicas, para conocer los recursos técnicos gratuitos que nos proporciona Internet. Hoy en día, los avances en las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones se han convertido en una parte importante de la vida diaria humana, creando nuevas formas de socialización, educación, creación de conocimientos y adquisición de información. Esto ha llevado a la creciente popularidad de las alternativas de equipos conectados, la demanda de dispositivos inteligentes y el consumo de contenidos digitales en nuestros medios; de ahí la necesidad de que la sociedad lo difunda bien y lo aproveche plenamente, lo cual es responsabilidad de todos, especialmente de las instituciones educativas urbanas para mejorar el trabajo de los docentes y los indicadores sociales. El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar como influyen las herramientas tecnológicas en la enseñanza aprendizaje del docente hacia los estudiantes de Educación Básica realizando una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones previas.
El Canto Académico Como Eje Transversal En La Educación Artística: Contribución A Los Roles Educativos En La Región Caribe Colombiana
Authors: Tabares David Luz Elena , Torreglosa Tabares Natalia , Torreglosa Tabares Eder
Published: April 2024

El canto académico, por sus múltiples efectos en la vida del ser humano, ha tenido un lugar fundamental en la historia de la humanidad, mereciendo una mirada analítica pues posiciona la educación artística como generadora de conocimiento, contribuyendo al desarrollo social y cultural desde las prácticas artísticas como manifestaciones de expresión, interpretación y comunicación verbal en los contextos escolares. La educación musical, como gestora de las acciones culturales a través de los procesos didácticos, se introduce en Colombia con planes de gestión investigativa y elementos trascendentales en la formación musical, visionando transformaciones los procesos artísticos del país. En vista de lo anterior, esta investigación se plantea conocer la manera como el canto académico posibilita el planteamiento de mediaciones didácticas para la enseñanza aprendizaje en Educación Artística en instituciones educativas de la región Caribe colombiana, teniendo como premisa que el canto posibilita espacios de inclusión cultural que inspira al desarrollo de la creatividad y el fortalecimiento de aptitudes artísticas en niños, niñas y adolescentes. Esto será abordado a través de una revisión documental de fuentes secundarias, pensados desde diversos escenarios: la interculturalidad, la educación inclusiva, el desarrollo de la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico, entre otros.
Educación Ciudadana en Contextos de Cuestionamientos Socioeconómicos
Authors: Rincón Ávila Rafael Mauricio
Published: April 2024

La propuesta de formación ciudadana del Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) de Colombia está conformada por ámbitos y competencias, pero se cuestiona si dicha propuesta responde a la situación de vida de los estudiantes enmarcada en un modelo socioeconómico imperante de producción capitalista. Desde esta perspectiva, se pretende determinar elementos de formación ciudadana que responden a las necesidades de los estudiantes. La metodología fue la Investigación – Acción Participativa en la que se dieron ciclos sucesivos de problematización, planeación acción y retroalimentación. Al mismo tiempo se adaptó la netnografía, como estrategia para recopilar datos en comunidades académicas virtuales, así como el uso de entrevistas y encuestas. El análisis de datos se realizó con triangulación determinando códigos emergentes y categorías clave. En cuanto a la población, son estudiantes de educación media del Colegio Distrital Tibabuyes Universal, Bogotá, Colombia entre los años 2020 – 2022; adolescente con alta movilidad que en el contexto de pandemia se vieron abocados a la educación virtual. Luego de analizar los datos se encontró que los ámbitos propuestos por el MEN no abarcan la realidad socioeconómica de los estudiantes y es necesario tener incluir formación sobre crítica a la razón instrumental, crisis económica y ciudadanía para la vida.
Atención del Parto con Pertinencia Intercultural y Satisfacción de Pacientes Maternas
Authors: Freire Ávila Nivia Diana , López Celi Pablo Andrés , Campoverde Ñauta Jennifer Vanessa , Barrera Vallejo Jaime Javier , Jara Zúñiga Ana Yajaira
Published: April 2024

La atención del parto intercultural incluye la cultura en la atención materna, mediante diversas prácticas integradas. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la atención del parto con pertinencia cultural y la satisfacción de pacientes maternas del Hospital Básico Sucúa, mediante una investigación cuantitativa, básica, no experimental, correlacional y transversal, basada en revisión de historias clínicas que describen las prácticas integradas y encuestas de satisfacción aplicadas a 119 mujeres con atención de parto por vía vaginal en el establecimiento entre octubre a diciembre de 2023, encontrando que el 69,7% tuvo de 20 a 39 años, el 81,5% autoidentificadas como índigenas, predominando la etnia Shuar, con aplicación de prácticas integradas como elección de la posición y vestimenta, disposición de la placenta y opción de corte de cordón umbilical en el 100%, el 98,3% ingirieron líquidos a elección, el inicio inmediato del apego y lactancia materna se cumplió en el 94,1% y el 92,4% permanecieron acompañadas por alguien de su elección, con satisfacción alta en el 95,7% y relacionamiento significativo entre el parto intercultural y la satisfacción de las pacientes ( p=0,000/0,05), concluyendo que la atención del parto intercultural se relaciona directamente con mayores niveles de satisfacción de las maternas.
Meningkatkan Teknik Dasar Passing Bawah Dalam Permainan Bolavoli Melalui Media Papan Pantul
Authors: Iskandar Anugrah Putra , Podungge Risna , Datau Suriyadi
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik dasar passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli melalui media papan pantul pada siswa SMP Negeri 1 Telaga Biru. Apabila media papan pantul diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran, maka teknik dasar passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada siswa kelas SMP Negeri 1 Telaga Biru akan meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Pembelajaran melalui media papan pantul dapat meningkatkan teknik dasar passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Telaga Biru. Dari hasil analisis yang diperoleh peningkatan yang signifikan dari observasi awal, siklus I, siklus II dan siklus III. Teknik dasar passing bawah dalam permainan bolavoli pada observasi awal dengan rata-rata 52,64 meningkat menjadi 69,23 pada siklus I dengan jumlah siswa 11 orang. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan teknik dasar siswa sebesar 74,52. Pada siklus III terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 81,17
Concentraciones de progesterona en saliva en pacientes sintomáticas con parto pretérmino inminente y pacientes con partos más allá de 7 días.
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Mejía-Montilla Jorly , Reyna-Villasmil Nadia , Torres-Cepeda Duly , Rondón-Tapia Martha , Sarmiento-Piña Maira , Briceño-Perez Carlos
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de progesterona en saliva en pacientes sintomáticas con parto pretérmino inminente y pacientes con partos más allá de 7 días. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo y longitudinal realizado en el Hospital Central “Dr. Urquinaona” de Venezuela. Fueron seleccionadas pacientes con parto pretérmino en los siguientes 7 días (grupo A) y con parto pretérmino más allá de los 7 días (grupo B). Se analizaron las características generales, concentraciones de progesterona en saliva, parto pretérmino inminente y eficacia pronóstica. Resultados: Fueron incluidas 327 pacientes, 75 mujeres en el grupo A y 251 pacientes en el grupo B. Las pacientes del grupo A presentaron valores menores de progesterona en saliva (3,003 +/- 447 pg/mL) comparado con las pacientes del grupo B (3,639 +/- 430 pg/mL; p < 0,0001). El valor de corte predictivo fue de 3,100 pg/mL, demostrando un valor área bajo la curva de 0,834 con sensibilidad de 58,7%, especificidad de 84,9%, valor predictivo positivo de 53,7%, valor predictivo negativo de 87,3% y exactitud pronostica de 78,8% para la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones de progesterona en saliva son significativamente más bajas en las pacientes con parto pretérmino inminente, comparado con aquellas pacientes con partos más allá de los 7 días.
Editorial - ¿Por qué investigamos?
Authors: Reyes Osvaldo
Published: April 2024

Si buscan los orígenes del “ayuno intermitente”, una forma de restricción calórica donde solo se ingieren alimentos por periodos cortos de tiempo (generalmente 8 horas), descubrirán algo interesante. A pesar de la popularidad del concepto y de que en los tiempos modernos muchos gurús de la alimentación, incluyendo médicos, lo apoyan y promueven, sus raíces datan de 1915. Estos ensayos iniciales culminaron con un capítulo publicado en el libro Obesity: its pathogenesis and management. El capítulo mencionaba ayunos de uno a catorce días, sugiriendo resultados espectaculares. Esta información, que requería un riguroso proceso de replicabilidad para demostrar su eficacia, saltó a las revistas culturales sin ser confirmada por otros expertos. Una vez algo pasa del terreno científico al popular, se convierte en conocimiento público y su uso crece de manera exponencial. Esto llevó a que, ya en los setenta, médicos e investigadores advirtieran del riesgo de estas terapias que buscaban soluciones rápidas a un problema mucho más profundo.
Extracción de miomas por colpotomía posterior en miomectomía laparoscópica asistida por robot (HUGO RAS).
Authors: Cáceres Miguel , Vargas Carlos , Bonilla Aneth
Published: April 2024

Video de sección "Imágenes en ginecología y obstetricia" donde se observa la extracción de miomas por colpotomía posterior en miomectomía laparoscópica asistida por robot (HUGO RAS).
Anti-intellectualism in American Life
Authors: Hübner Andreas , Steffensen Nils
Published: April 2024

Charakteristisch für die Rezeption Richard Hofstadters Anti-intellectualism in American Life ist einerseits seine gespaltene Aufnahme in der Fachwissenschaft und Öffentlichkeit, andererseits das Aktualisierungspotential
seiner These, das sich bis in die Gegenwart hinein erstreckt, also inzwischen über mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert lang Einfluss ausübt. An diese Beobachtungen anknüpfend versteht sich der Sammelband als Sonde, die Hofstadters
Narrativ aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und mit unterschiedlicher Methodik anvisieren. Das Gespräch über Hofstadter soll dabei nicht zu einem Abschluss gebracht, sondern neu eröffnet werden. Wo der Band
Forschungsergebnisse vorlegt, will er Möglichkeiten für weitere Forschungen aufzeigen. Wenn er Antworten gibt, sollen sie neue Fragen aufwerfen. Gewissermaßen folgt er einer programmatischen Forderung, die Hofstadter
in Anti-intellectualism aufgestellt hat: Der Band will Ideen einem spielerischen, essayistischen Test aussetzen und unbefangen vermeintlich gesicherte Erkenntnisse prüfen, dabei aber jeden Anflug eines obsessiven Bemühens
um Rechtfertigung oder Verurteilung meiden. Was der Sammelband leisten will, ist, durch eine von Hofstadter selbst als notwendig erachtete Intellektuellenkritik Hinweise auf ein geschichtswissenschaftlich abgesichertes
Verständnis von Anti-/Intellektualismus in der U.S.-amerikanischen Geschichte zu liefern und die Anwendbarkeit und Begrenzung von Hofstadters Begrifflichkeit auszuloten.
GIDALARDA YENİ ORTAYA ÇIKAN KİRLETİCİ MİKROPLASTİKLER
Authors: Çakıroğlu Elif Ceren , Burtaçgiray Eray , Verep Sedef , İplikçioğlu Aral Güzin
Published: April 2024

Çevrede artan mikroplastik varlığı, mikroplastiklerle kontamine olmuş gıdaları tüketerek canlı organizmaları besin zinciri yoluyla mikroplastiklere maruz bırakmaktadır. Bu derlemede, ortaya çıkan bu riskin doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi ve yönetilmesi nihai amacı ile çevresel kirleticiler olarak gıdalarda mikroplastiklerin varlığı ve tespit yöntemleri gibi önemli konulara yer veriyoruz. Çok sayıda çalışma, deniz ürünleri, meyve ve sebzeler, süt ve süt ürünleri, şişelenmiş su, sofra tuzu ve şekerde mikroplastik varlığını araştırmıştır. Mikroplastiklerin, plastik parçacıkların, katkı maddelerinin ve kirleticilerin oral alım, solunum, dermal alım yoluyla yutulması, halk sağlığı için kapsamlı risk değerlendirmesi ve düzenleyici önlemlere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Bu endişeleri gidermek için, gıda zincirinde mikroplastik kontaminasyonu karşısında halk sağlığını korumak için disiplinler arası işbirliğine, artan araştırma çabalarına ve mikroplastik tüketimine yönelik kılavuzların geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç vardır.
Characteristics of Demographic Processes in Northeast China at the Turn of the XX-XXI Centuries
Authors:   Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (ICARP FEB RAS), Mishchuk S. N. , Zizhui Wang ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the reasons for negative demographic growth in the Northeastern provinces of China. The authors analyze the factors influencing the decline in demographic indicators, the causes and conditions of the excess of the birth rate over the death rate. Natural causes (aging population, disproportion between the male and female population) and socio-economic factors (predominance of the urban population, increasing levels of education, economic recession, job cuts) are identified.
On Subregional Differences in Attitudes Toward Petty Corruption in the Russian Far East
Authors:   University of St. Gallen, Denisova-Schmidt Elena
Published: April 2024

This study examines differences in experiences with petty corruption and attitudes toward it among residents of four major urban centers in Russia’s Far East, the country’s largest but understudied macro-region. Analyzing our own survey data, we find that one subregion stands out from the other three considered in the study. Residents of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) demonstrate more negative attitudes toward corruption and report less frequent occurrences of petty corruption. Our qualitative findings confirm the existence of a distinct subregional pattern in perceived petty corruption. We hypothesize that the detected difference in attitudes may be rooted in the national composition of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), which, in contrast to the other regions under study, is dominated by native people. As an extension of our main analysis, we explore the conditional correlations between individual characteristics and perceptions of corruption (while accounting for region of residence) and observe several interesting patterns.
Suburban Trend: the First Look at the Urban Periphery from Sociological Perspective
Authors:   Pacific National University, Udinkan Vasily
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to a review of Paul Douglas's book “Suburban Trend” - one of the first sociological studies on the suburbs. Analyzing the early stages of suburbanization, this work is very valuable for the analysis of modern processes of suburbanization in Russia. At the same time, this book remains in the shadow of the more famous works of the Chicago School of Sociology and is almost unknown to the Russian reader.
Okun’s Law: The eﬀects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the temporary layoﬀs procedures (ERTEs) on Spanish regions
Authors: Porras-Arena M. Sylvina , Martín Román Angel , Dueñas Fernández Diego , Llorente Heras Raquel
Published: April 2024

Oﬃcial statistics indicated a break in Okun’s law in all the Spanish regions due to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, herein, evidence of the validity of the law is shown. The temporary layoﬀ procedures (ERTEs) allowed many workers to maintain their jobs. From the productive point of view, the law remained in eﬀect in the regions, showing a strong relationship between idle labour resources and economic activity, and from the social point of view, the apparent breakdown of the law can be interpreted as the implementation of a policy that mitigated the dramatic impact of the economic crisis.
The statistical grid as a unit of observation and analysis: Andalusia, Spanish region case study
Authors: Casares Serafín Ojeda , Valverde Martínez Joaquín , Ramírez Torres Ana , Enrique Regueira Iria
Published: April 2024

Units of observation with reduced dimensions and regular geometry have been increasingly generated in a recent, albeit already steady, trend towards further territorial data disaggregation. In this line of research, the present study reports the results of using the spatial distribution of population data and built-up areas at a high level of territorial data disaggregation with reduced dimensions and with a homogeneous observation unit by applying a regular grid consisting of 250-m square cells. e main objective was to show the results and advantages of working at a high level of spatial data disaggregation. This approach provides a more comprehensive knowledge of the territory and allows for a more accurate analysis of spatial patterns in the diﬀerent variables under study, thereby enhancing the quality of decision-making processes.
The Importance of Optical Wavelength Data on Atmospheric Retrievals of Exoplanet Transmission Spectra
Authors: Fairman Charlotte , Wakeford Hannah R. , MacDonald Ryan J.
Published: April 2024

Exoplanet transmission spectra provide rich information about the chemical composition, clouds, and temperature structure of exoplanet atmospheres. Most exoplanet transmission spectra only span infrared wavelengths (≳1 μm), which can preclude crucial atmospheric information from shorter wavelengths. Here, we explore how retrieved atmospheric parameters from exoplanet transmission spectra change with the addition of optical data. From a sample of 14 giant planets with transit spectra from 0.3–4.5 μm, primarily from the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, we apply a free chemistry retrieval to planetary spectra for wavelength ranges of 0.3–4.5 μm, 0.6–4.5 μm, and 1.1–4.5 μm. We analyze the posterior distributions of these retrievals and perform an information content analysis, finding wavelengths below 0.6 μm are necessary to constrain cloud scattering slope parameters (

log
a

and γ) and alkali species Na and K. There is limited improvement in the constraints on the remaining atmospheric parameters. Across the population, we find that limb temperatures are retrieved colder than planetary equilibrium temperatures but have an overall good agreement with Global Circulation Models. As the JWST extends to a minimum wavelength of 0.6 μm, we demonstrate that exploration into complementing JWST observations with optical HST data is important to further our understanding of aerosol properties and alkali abundances in exoplanet atmospheres.
A Perfect Tidal Storm: HD 104067 Planetary Architecture Creating an Incandescent World
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Fetherolf Tara , Li Zhexing , Polanski Alex S. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Močnik Teo , Welter Sadie G.
Published: April 2024

The discovery of planetary systems beyond the solar system has revealed a diversity of architectures, most of which differ significantly from our system. The initial detection of an exoplanet is often followed by subsequent discoveries within the same system as observations continue, measurement precision is improved, or additional techniques are employed. The HD 104067 system is known to consist of a bright K-dwarf host star and a giant planet in a ∼55 days period eccentric orbit. Here we report the discovery of an additional planet within the HD 104067 system, detected through the combined analysis of radial velocity (RV) data from the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher instruments. The new planet has a mass similar to Uranus and is in an eccentric ∼14 days orbit. Our injection-recovery analysis of the RV data exclude Saturn-mass and Jupiter-mass planets out to 3 au and 8 au, respectively. We further present Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations that reveal a terrestrial planet candidate (R

p
= 1.30 ± 0.12 R
⊕) in a ∼2.2 days period orbit. Our dynamical analysis of the three planet model shows that the two outer planets produce significant eccentricity excitation of the inner planet, resulting in tidally induced surface temperatures as high as ∼2600 K for an emissivity of unity. The terrestrial planet candidate may therefore be caught in a tidal storm, potentially resulting in its surface radiating at optical wavelengths.
Probing Turbulent Scattering Effects on Suprathermal Electrons in the Solar Wind: Modeling, Observations, and Implications
Authors: Zaslavsky Arnaud , Kasper Justin C. , Kontar Eduard P. , Larson Davin E. , Maksimovic Milan , Marques José M. D. C. , Nicolaou Georgios , Owen Christopher J. , Romeo Orlando , Whittlesey Phyllis L.
Published: April 2024

This study explores the impact of a turbulent scattering mechanism, akin to those influencing solar and galactic cosmic rays propagating in the interplanetary medium, on the population of suprathermal electrons in the solar wind. We employ a Fokker–Planck equation to model the radial evolution of electron pitch angle distributions under the action of magnetic focusing, which moves the electrons away from isotropy, and of a diffusion process that tends to bring them back to it. We compare the steady-state solutions of this Fokker–Planck equation with data obtained from the Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe missions and find a remarkable agreement, varying the turbulent mean free path as the sole free parameter in our model. The obtained mean free paths are of the order of the astronomical unit, and display weak dependence on electron energy within the 100 eV–1 keV range. This value is notably lower than Coulomb collision estimates but aligns well with observed mean free paths of low-rigidity solar energetic particle events. The strong agreement between our model and observations leads us to conclude that the hypothesis of turbulent scattering at work on electrons at all heliospheric distances is justified. We discuss several implications, notably the existence of a low Knudsen number region at large distances from the Sun, which offers a natural explanation for the presence of an isotropic “halo” component at all distances from the Sun—electrons being isotropized in this distant region before traveling back into the inner part of the interplanetary medium.
The First Spatially Resolved Detection of 13CN in a Protoplanetary Disk and Evidence for Complex Carbon Isotope Fractionation
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiro C. , Nomura Hideko , Furuya Kenji , Teague Richard , Law Charles J. , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Lee Seokho , Rab Christian , Öberg Karin I. , Loomis Ryan A.
Published: April 2024

Recent measurements of carbon isotope ratios in both protoplanetary disks and exoplanet atmospheres have suggested a possible transfer of significant carbon isotope fractionation from disks to planets. For a clearer understanding of the isotopic link between disks and planets, it is important to measure the carbon isotope ratios in various species. In this paper, we present a detection of the 13CN N = 2 − 1 hyperfine lines in the TW Hya disk with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. This is the first spatially resolved detection of 13CN in disks, which enables us to measure the spatially resolved 12CN/13CN ratio for the first time. We conducted nonlocal thermal equilibrium modeling of the 13CN lines in conjunction with previously observed 12CN lines to derive the kinetic temperature, H2 volume density, and column densities of 12CN and 13CN. The H2 volume density is found to range between (4 − 10) × 107 cm−3, suggesting that CN molecules mainly reside in the disk's upper layer. The 12CN/13CN ratio is measured to be

70

−
6

+
9

at 30 < r < 80 au from the central star, which is similar to the 12C/13C ratio in the interstellar medium. However, this value differs from the previously reported values found for other carbon-bearing molecules (CO and HCN) in the TW Hya disk. This could be self-consistently explained by different emission layer heights for different molecules combined with preferential sequestration of 12C into the solid phase toward the disk midplane. This study reveals the complexity of the carbon isotope fractionation operating in disks.
Ultraviolet and Chromospheric Activity and Habitability of M Stars
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Song , Han Henggeng , Yang Huiqin , Zheng Chuanjie , Huang Yang , Liu Jifeng
Published: April 2024

M-type stars are crucial for stellar activity studies because they cover two types of magnetic dynamos and are particularly intriguing for habitability studies due to their abundance and long lifespans during the main-sequence stage. In this paper, we used the LAMOST DR9 catalog and the GALEX UV archive data to investigate the chromospheric and UV activities of M-type stars. All the chromospheric and UV activity indices clearly show that the saturated and unsaturated regimes, and the well-known activity–rotation relation, are consistent with previous studies. Both the FUV and NUV activity indices exhibit a single-peaked distribution, while the Hα and Ca ii H&K indices show a distinct double-peaked distribution. The gap between these peaks suggests a rapid transition from a saturated population to an unsaturated one. The smoothly varying distributions of different subtypes suggest a rotation-dependent dynamo for both early-type (partly convective) to late-type (fully convective) M stars. We identified a group of stars with high UV activity above the saturation regime (log

R

NUV

′

>
−
2.5

) but low chromospheric activity, and the underlying reason is unknown. By calculating the continuously habitable zone and the UV habitable zone for each star, we found that about 70% stars in the total sample and 40% stars within 100 pc are located in the overlapping region of these two habitable zones, indicating that a number of M stars are potentially habitable. Finally, we examined the possibility of UV activity studies of M stars using the China Space Station Telescope.
Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). XIII. Aligned Disks with Nonsettled Dust around the Newly Resolved Class 0 Protobinary R CrA IRAS 32
Authors: Encalada Frankie J. , Looney Leslie W. , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Tobin John J. , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Jørgensen Jes K. , Li Zhi-Yun , Aikawa Yuri , Aso Yusuke , Koch Patrick M. , Kwon Woojin , Lai Shih-Ping , Lee Chang Won , Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Santamaría-Miranda Alejandro , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Plunkett Adele , Sai (Insa Choi) Jinshi , Sharma Rajeeb , Yen Hsi-Wei , Han Ilseung
Published: April 2024

Young protostellar binary systems, with expected ages less than ∼105 yr, are little modified since birth, providing key clues to binary formation and evolution. We present a first look at the young, Class 0 binary protostellar system R CrA IRAS 32 from the Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks ALMA large program, which observed the system in the 1.3 mm continuum emission, 12CO (2−1), 13CO (2−1), C18O (2−1), SO (65−54), and nine other molecular lines that trace disks, envelopes, shocks, and outflows. With a continuum resolution of ∼0.″03 (∼5 au, at a distance of 150 pc), we characterize the newly discovered binary system with a separation of 207 au, their circumstellar disks, and a circumbinary disklike structure. The circumstellar disk radii are 26.9 ± 0.3 and 22.8 ± 0.3 au for sources A and B, respectively, and their circumstellar disk dust masses are estimated as 22.5 ± 1.1 M
⊕ and 12.4 ± 0.6 M
⊕, respectively. The circumstellar disks and the circumbinary structure have well-aligned position angles and inclinations, indicating formation in a smooth, ordered process such as disk fragmentation. In addition, the circumstellar disks have a near/far-side asymmetry in the continuum emission, suggesting that the dust has yet to settle into a thin layer near the midplane. Spectral analysis of CO isotopologues reveals outflows that originate from both of the sources and possibly from the circumbinary disklike structure. Furthermore, we detect Keplerian rotation in the 13CO isotopologues toward both circumstellar disks and likely Keplerian rotation in the circumbinary structure; the latter suggests that it is probably a circumbinary disk.
Magnetic Flux Plays an Important Role during a Black Hole X-Ray Binary Outburst in Radiative Two-temperature General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Liska M. T. P. , Kaaz N. , Chatterjee K. , Emami Razieh , Musoke G.
Published: April 2024

Black hole (Bh) X-ray binaries cycle through different spectral states of accretion over the course of months to years. Although persistent changes in the Bh mass accretion rate are generally recognized as the most important component of state transitions, it is becoming increasingly evident that magnetic fields play a similarly important role. In this article, we present the first radiative two-temperature general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations in which an accretion disk transitions from a quiescent state at an accretion rate of

M

̇

∼

10

−
10

M

̇

Edd

to a hard-intermediate state at an accretion rate of

M

̇

∼

10

−
2

M

̇

Edd

. This huge parameter space in mass accretion rate is bridged by artificially rescaling the gas density scale of the simulations. We present two jetted BH models with varying degrees of magnetic flux saturation. We demonstrate that in “standard and normal evolution” models, which are unsaturated with magnetic flux, the hot torus collapses into a thin and cold accretion disk when

M

̇

≳
5
×

10

−
3

M

̇

Edd

. On the other hand, in “magnetically arrested disk” models, which are fully saturated with vertical magnetic flux, the plasma remains mostly hot with substructures that condense into cold clumps of gas when

M

̇

≳
1
×

10

−
2

M

̇

Edd

. This suggests that the spectral signatures observed during state transitions are closely tied to the level of magnetic flux saturation.
Phase and Morphology of Water-ice Grains Formed in a Cryogenic Laboratory Plasma
Authors: Nicolov André , Gudipati Murthy S. , Bellan Paul M.
Published: April 2024

Grains of ice are formed spontaneously when water vapor is injected into a weakly ionized laboratory plasma in which the background gas has been cooled to cryogenic temperatures comparable to those of deep space. These ice grains are levitated indefinitely within the plasma so that their time evolution can be observed under free-floating conditions. Using microscope imaging, ice grains are shown to have a spindle-like fractal structure and grow over time. Both crystalline and amorphous phases of ice are observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A mix of crystalline and amorphous grains coexists under certain thermal conditions, and a linear mixing model is used on the ice absorption band surrounding 3.2 μm to examine the ice phase composition and its temporal stability. The extinction spectrum is also affected by inelastic scattering as grains grow, and characteristic grain radii are obtained from Mie scattering theory and compared to size measurements from direct imaging. Observations are used to compare possible ice nucleation mechanisms, and it is concluded that nucleation is likely catalyzed by ions, as ice does not nucleate in the absence of plasma and impurities are not detected. Ice grain properties and infrared extinction spectra show similarity to observations of some astrophysical ices observed in protoplanetary disks, implying that the fractal morphology of the ice and observed processes of homogeneous ice nucleation could occur as well in such astrophysical environments with weakly ionized conditions.