bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The fracture properties of fiber metal laminates based on a 3D printed glass fiber composite
Authors: Yelamanchi B , MacDonald E , Gonzalez-Canche NG , Carrillo JG , Cortes P
Published: November 2020

Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) are structures that contain a sequential arrangement of metal and composite materials, which are of great interest to the aerospace sector due to the superior mechanical performance. The traditional manufacturing process for FML involves considerable investment in manufacturing resources depending on the design complexity of the desired components. To mitigate such limitations, 3D printing enables direct digital manufacturing to create FML with customized configurations. In this work, a preliminary mechanical characterization of additively-manufacturing-enabled FML has been investigated. A series of continuous glass fiber-reinforced composites were printed with a Markforged system and placed between layers of aluminum alloy to manufacture hybrid laminate structures. The laminates were subjected to tensile, interfacial fracture toughness, and both low-velocity and high-velocity impact tests. The results showed that the FMLs appear to have a good degree of adhesion at the metal-composite interface, although a limited intralaminar performance was recorded. It was also observed that the low and high-velocity impact performance of the FMLs was improved by 9–13% relative to that of the constituent elements. The impact performance of the FML appeared to be related to the fiber fracture, out of plane perforation and interfacial delamination within the laminates. The present study can provide an initial research foundation for considering 3D printing in the production of hybrid laminates for static and dynamic applications.
The diffusivity modeling of different gases in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
Authors: Azimi Hamidreza
Published: November 2020

In this work, we used three gases (CO2, N2 and normal hexane) for diffusivity measurements in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). We proposed a diffusion model that the diffusion coefficients of each gas in ABS could be estimated from the specific volume of ABS/gas mixture and chemical potential of gas in ABS. The solubility and diffusivity of three gases into ABS were determined by a magnetic suspension balance. The results showed that the solubility and diffusivity of three gases increased with increasing of pressure. Also it was determined that N2 has a lowest solubility and the highest diffusivity in ABS in all temperature and pressure ranges. It was shown that there was a suitable overlapping between the experimental and predicted values from the proposed model, in which the proposed model could successfully estimate the diffusion coefficient of mentioned gases in ABS in all temperature and pressure ranges.
Numerical and experimental research on flow and aerodynamic noise characteristics of coach
Authors: Chang Yifei , Yang Zhigang , Li Qiliang
Published: November 2020

The researches on flow and aerodynamic noise characteristics of coaches are urgently needed to improve with the rapid development of new energy coaches. In this paper, tests in model wind tunnel and numerical calculations were carried out to study the phenomenon of flow and aero-noise on 1:25 scale model coach. Based on large eddy simulation (LES) and detached eddy simulation (DES), reliable numerical calculation method of flow and aero-noise on coach was established and verified. It is found that the maximum difference on turbulent pressure between test and LES is less than 10 dB(A) while that of DES is about 20 dB(A). Due to the results got from 1:25 scale model, the W_LES_HOA model is used to obtain the flow field and sound field information outside the coach. To find out the different propagation characteristics of turbulent pressure pulsation and acoustic pressure, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and band-pass filter analysis are used for further analysis. For rearview mirror, the energy of first mode is 6.1%, and only the first nine modes have an energy for more than 3.0%. By the reconstruction of first four modes, it can be seen that the complicated transverse vortex shedding couples with A pillar vortex and reaches the body surface. However, the coupling of turbulent pressure can only be seen clearly under low frequency around 250 Hz while the coupling of acoustic pressure can be seen under 750 Hz. Meanwhile, with the analysis of low frequency round 250 Hz and 500 Hz, the change of flow field generated by airflow impingement on the windward surface and A pillar makes the front of the coach becomes the main sources of aerodynamic sound sources.
Optimization of spark-ignition engine characteristics fuelled with oxygenated bio-additive (triacetin) using response surface methodology
Authors: Tomar Mukul , Dewal Hansham , Sonthalia Ankit , Kumar Naveen
Published: November 2020

Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has gained wide interest in recent years. However, despite the countless benefits, the enormous generation of glycerol-waste and higher production costs have been causing severe challenges to both the environment and the biodiesel economy’s survival. With the focus on maintaining its sustainability, the proper valorization of the crude glycerol is of vital importance. The objective of the present study is to harness and transform glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel) to triacetin and utilize it further as a fuel additive for spark ignition (SI) engine. Triacetin is a valuable compound of bio-based origin, having good anti-knock properties and higher oxygen content. Test fuels containing different blends of gasoline, methanol and triacetin were prepared and compared with neat gasoline. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based multi-objective technique was selected to optimize the engine output parameters like BTE, CO, CO2, HC and NOx emissions. The results indicate that the engine operating at 1.17 kW brake power and containing 90.73% gasoline, 4.94% methanol and 4.31% triacetin (by vol.) were found to be the optimum input parameter combinations which shows maximum BTE and lowest engine exhaust emissions as compared to other fuel blends. The estimated economic analysis of small-scale plants was also carried out, revealing that about 4.2% of revenue per kg of triacetin selling can be generated by running biodiesel and triacetin production analogously. Among various alternatives probed, the acetylation of glycerol to triacetin appears to be the ideal solution. It can serve the multiple purposes of reducing vehicular emission and improving the economic viability of burgeoning biodiesel industries and creating new opportunities, livelihoods, and jobs for humanity.
Humid and cold periods in the last 5600 years in Arid Central Asia revealed by palynology of Picea schrenkiana from Issyk-Kul
Authors: Leroy Suzanne AG , Giralt Santiago R
Published: November 2020

Central Asia, with its high mountains, despite its location between Europe and eastern Asia remains a data poor area. However, mountain glaciers are strongly affected by global change and have a wide-ranging impact. A new pollen record over the last 5600 years shows the extension of a dry Artemisia steppe around Lake Issyk-Kul, with a slightly wetter period from 4.5 to 2.7 ka BP (less Ephedra). Picea schrenkiana forest growing on north-facing slopes of the northern Tien Shan Range, are exposed to Westerlies-related precipitation. The pollen record of Picea is therefore a very good marker of wetter and cold conditions. A comparison to a nearby synchronous pollen record at a higher altitude indicates that the whole forest belt moved down, and that it was not a downwards extension of the lower forest limit only. Four cold and humid phases were evidenced over the last 5.6 ka: 5.5 ka, 4.2 ka and following centuries, 3.2 ka and following centuries (before the end of the Bronze Age) and finally the Little Ice Age, with the latter two being more strongly expressed. These climatic changes, in agreement with other Arid Central Asia investigations, corroborate the driving role of the Westerlies far inland. Human activities were more intense in the Mid and Late Bronze Age (4.5–3.2 ka) and in the last 800 years, confirmed by archaeological and historical information. Issyk-Kul and surrounding rich pastureland were most likely an important step in the ancient Silk Road.
Characteristics of TGFBR1–EGFR–CTNNB1–CDH1 Signaling Axis in Wnt-Regulated Invasion and Migration in Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhang Yusui , Ding Yuan , Zhang Shuai , Pan Long
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of TGFBR1–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–CTNNB1–CDH1 axis in regulating the invasion and migration in lung cancer. Using the small interfering RNA technology, EGFR was silenced in H2170 and H1299 cells. Then, the colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities were detected using colony-forming assay and transwell assay. Moreover, the mRNA expression of smad2, smad3, CTNNB1, and CDH1, and the protein expression of TGFBR1, CDH1, and TCF were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results showed that silencing EGFR could significantly decrease the colony-forming ability in H2170 and H1299. Knocking down EGFR could significantly inhibit the invasion and migration ability of H2179 and H1299. Inhibiting the expression of EGFR could significantly decrease the expression of smad2, smad3, CDH1, and CTNNB1, with all P-values <0.05. In addition, silencing EGFR could markedly decrease the expression of TGFBR1 and CDH1 in H1299 and H2170, with all P-values <0.05. In conclusion, silencing EGFR could significantly regulate the progression of lung cancer via TGFBR1–EGFR–CTNNB1–CDH1 axis in Wnt signaling pathway.
Optimal Time to Ship Human Islets Post Tissue Culture to Maximize Islet Recovery
Authors: Olack Barbara J. , Alexander Michael , Swanson Carol J. , Kilburn Julie , Corrales Nicole , Flores Antonio , Heng Jennifer , Arulmoli Jayagowri , Omori Keiko , Chlebeck Peter J. , Zitur Laura , Salgado Mayra , Lakey Jonathan R.T. , Niland Joyce C.
Published: November 2020

Access to functional high-quality pancreatic human islets is critical to advance diabetes research. The Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP), a major source for human islet distribution for over 15 years, conducted a study to evaluate the most advantageous times to ship islets postisolation to maximize islet recovery. For the evaluation, three experienced IIDP Islet Isolation Centers each provided samples from five human islet isolations, shipping 10,000 islet equivalents (IEQ) at four different time periods postislet isolation (no 37°C culture and shipped within 0 to 18 hours; or held in 37°C culture for 18 to 42, 48 to 96, or 144 to 192 hours). A central evaluation center compared samples for islet quantity, quality, and viability for each experimental condition preshipment and postshipment, as well as post 37°C culture 18 to 24 hours after shipment receipt. Additional evaluations included measures of functional potency by static glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIR), represented as a stimulation index. Comparing the results of the four preshipment holding periods, the greatest IEQ loss postshipment occurred with the shortest preshipment times. Similar patterns emerged when comparing preshipment to postculture losses. In vitro islet function (GSIR) was not adversely impacted by increased tissue culture time. These data indicate that allowing time for islet recovery postisolation, prior to shipping, yields less islet loss during shipment without decreasing islet function.
Themes of Worry Among Psychiatric Inpatients That Persist Through Acute Hospitalization
Authors: Engstrom Pia , Bolton Matthew , Bautista Cynthia , Barnes Todd
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Problems that worry patients throughout hospitalization are complex and varied, but they fall within the scope of safe, effective, patient-centered care. To our knowledge, there is no evidence describing the problems that worry patients in inpatient psychiatric units.

AIM:

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to describe common themes of worry experienced by individuals in psychiatric inpatient units in order to improve patient experience.

METHOD:

This project took place at an urban, safety net hospital at an academic medical center in the northeastern United States between March and December 2019. All patients across five inpatient psychiatric units were offered the Combined Assessment of Psychiatric Environments (CAPE) survey as they approached the end of their stay.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,800 patients took the survey. Of these patients, 36% (650/1,800) patients responded never/sometimes to “During my hospitalization, I found solutions to problems that worried me,” and 46% (297/650) patients provided a response to the follow-up question “What are the problems that worry you the most?” Common themes of worry for inpatient behavioral health patients include (a) life in the hospital, (b) self, and (c) outside life.

CONCLUSIONS:

Each of these worry themes that emerged from this thematic analysis has implications for behavioral health staff who are preparing the psychiatric/behavioral health inpatient for discharge. These themes can also be used to focus on a variety of quality improvement initiatives to improve the patients experience while in an inpatient psychiatric/behavioral health unit.
Treatment Experiences with Norwegian Health Care among Immigrant Men Living with Co-Occurring Substance Use- and Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Kour Prabhjot , Lien Lars , Kumar Bernadette , Biong Stian , Pettersen Henning
Published: November 2020

Immigrants are considered at risk of psychological distress and therefore involvement in substance abuse, due to a variety of pre- and post-migration factors. Further, there is lower treatment engagement, a higher dropout rate, and less frequent hospitalizations among this group compared to the general population. There are few studies on the subjective understanding of co-occurring substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health disorder (MHD) among immigrants in Norway. This qualitative study aims to explore the treatment experiences of immigrant men living with co-occurring SUD and MHD. Within a collaborative approach, individual interviews were conducted with 10 men of immigrant background, living with co-occurring SUD and MHD, who had treatment experiences from the Norwegian mental health and addiction services. Data were analyzed using a systematic text condensation. The analysis yielded 6 categories where participants described their treatment experiences in mental health and addiction services in Norway as: lack of connection, lack of individually tailored treatment, stigma and discrimination preventing access to treatment, health professionals with multi-cultural competence, care during and after treatment, and raising awareness and reducing stigma. A significant finding was the mention by participants of the value of being seen and treated as a “person” rather than their diagnosis, which may increase treatment engagement. They further mentioned aftercare as an important factor to prevent relapse. This study provides an enhanced understanding of how immigrant men living with co-occurring SUD and MHD experienced being treated in Norwegian healthcare settings. These experiences may add to the knowledge required to improve treatment engagement.
The Powerful Student Consumer and the Commodified Academic: A Depiction of the Marketised UK Higher Education System through a Textual Analysis of the ITV Drama Cheat
Authors: Silverio Sergio A , Wilkinson Catherine , Wilkinson Samantha
Published: November 2020

Through a textual analysis of four episodes comprising the 2019 ITV 1 psychological thriller Cheat, this article explores a fictional representation of the United Kingdom (UK) Higher Education (HE) setting in a television drama. We discuss our analysis in the context of growing marketisation of UK HE, where academics are increasingly viewing students as powerful consumers. We focus on one of the central characters, final-year undergraduate student Rose Vaughan, and the staff with whom she interacts in a fictional HE institution – St. Helen’s College. This article engages with the following themes: ‘The powerful student consumer’ and ‘The commodified academic’. Insight gleaned through the textual analysis of this dramatised depiction of UK HE allows us to attempt to understand how both students and academics might be navigating the neoliberal university and negotiating place and status as (paying) students and (commercial) academics. Although heralded as powerful student-consumers in much literature, our analysis of this television drama shows how students can potentially disrupt the united front often attempted by HE institutions, but ultimately are faced with a ‘the house always wins’1 scenario. Our article offers an important contribution to the psycho-sociological literature into how the television drama depicts that the student experience has been transformed and impacted by HE’s marketisation. This includes a reconsideration of how the television drama portrays what it means to be a student, by exploring how one student is conceptualised, understood, and represented in the psychological thriller.
The effect of physical-activity intervention on children’s health-related quality of life
Authors: Kvalø Silje Eikanger , Natlandsmyr Inger Karin
Published: November 2020

Aims: We investigated the effect of a school-based physical-activity intervention on children’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the potential influence of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods: A randomised, controlled trial (Active School) involving fifth-grade children was conducted during the 2014/15 school year. The sample included 435 children (10–11 years old) at five intervention schools and four control schools. The weekly interventions concerned two 45 min of physically active lessons, five 10 min of physically active breaks and five 10 min of physically active homework. The children’s HRQoL was measured using KIDSCREEN-27 and a self-report questionnaire, while physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Results: The results of multilevel analysis showed a significant effect on psychological wellbeing ( p = 0.005), social support and peers ( p = 0.005) and school environment ( p = 0.013). No gender differences were observed. Children’s MVPA did not influence their KIDSCREEN-27 score. Conclusions: The school-based physical-activity intervention (Active School) shows positive effects on children’s self-reported psychological wellbeing, social support and peers, and school environment.
Pocket treasures and magical unicorns: The persistence of story in a time of pandemic
Authors: Bentley Dana Frantz
Published: November 2020

What does it mean to be an early childhood teacher in a time of pandemic? Which stories remain constant in our profession and which are lost to the hand of physical distance? This narrative inquiry explores the persistent role of story in the creation of the body of the classroom community, and the sustaining of a practice of an early childhood teacher. Through narratives, one teacher explores the stories emerging in her classroom in the fall of 2020, and how, through narrative, community both evolves and retains the pervasive stories of early childhood.
The use of active jet ignition to overcome traditional challenges of pre-chamber combustors under low load conditions
Authors: Bunce Michael , Cairns Alasdair , Blaxill Hugh
Published: November 2020

The need for advanced combustion technologies for use in future highly efficient powertrains in the automotive sector is well understood. Pre-chamber combustors, a technology with numerous historic examples, are fast becoming a major area of research once again. Pre-chambers are proportionally small partially enclosed chambers where combustion of a small quantity of fuel and air initiates before transferring to the main cylinder and, in spark ignition applications, subsequently igniting the bulk of the fuel and air. Pre-chambers effectively cascade two combustion events in order to increase the ignition energy present in the main combustion event, thereby enabling stable combustion of difficult-to-ignite main chamber mixtures, such as those with high levels of dilution. A traditional weakness of the subset of pre-chamber concepts known as jet igniters is poor low load engine performance. Combustion stability challenges and insufficient spark retard authority under heavily throttled conditions have limited the prospects of commercial implementation of jet ignition in modern engines. This study seeks to evaluate the root cause of these limitations and propose practical solutions that leverage the inherent flexibility of auxiliary fueled (active) jet ignition. Results of these experiments demonstrate the ability of a jet ignition engine to achieve idle and catalyst heating performance consistent with that of modern SI engines, thereby reducing the barriers to commercial implementation.
Impact of low NOx strategies on holistic emission reduction from a CI engine over transient conditions
Authors: van Niekerk Adriaan , Drew Benjamin , Larsen Neil , Kay Peter
Published: November 2020

The use of biofuels to replace fossil fuels as well as more stringent emission regulations for internal combustion engines cause a challenge for the engine manufacturers to build engines that can cope with a wide range of fuels, but still offer low exhaust emissions with no detriment to performance. In this work a test bed with a compression ignition engine has been used to measure emissions when using a ternary fuel blend between diesel, biodiesel and ethanol together with exhuast gas recirculation (EGR) and different fuel delivery techniques. EGR with biofuels have the potential to significantly reduce NOx over conventional diesel combustion. The fuel used, B2E9 achieves a 10% renewable content as set out in the UK government’s Renewable Energy Directive. Most studies reported in the literature evaluates emissions reduction technologies by only changing one factor-at-a-time at steady state conditions. This paper addresses these issues and presents a methodology utilising a Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis to optimise four engine parameters which include EGR percentage, main injection SOI, pilot injection SOI and pilot injection open duration over a transient drive cycle (WLTP) which makes the results more applicable to real world driving conditions. The optimisation of the CCD showed that NOx emissions decreases by 25% when the maximum exhaust gas recirculation is set to 45%, the main injection is retarded by 2 CADs, the pilot injection dwell time is set to 21 CADs and 24% of the fuel is delivered through the pilot injection. CO emissions increase by approximately 47% as a result of the decrease in NOx emissions.
Stable visualization of connected components in dynamic graphs
Authors: Giacomo Emilio Di , Didimo Walter , Kaufmann Michael , Liotta Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

One of the primary goals of many systems for the visual analysis of dynamically changing networks is to maintain the stability of the drawing throughout the sequence of graph changes. We investigate the scenario where the changes are determined by a stream of events, each being either an edge addition or an edge removal. The visualization must be updated immediately after each new event is received. Our main goal is to provide the user with an intuitive visualization that highlights the different connected components of the graph while preserving the user’s mental map after each event. The drawing stability is measured in terms of changes in the orthogonal relationships between vertices of two consecutive drawings. We describe two different visualization models, one for the 1-dimensional space and the other for the 2-dimensional space. In both models the connected components are drawn inside rectangular regions. To validate our approach, we report the results of an experimental analysis that compares the drawing stability of the online algorithm with that of an offline algorithm that knows in advance the whole sequence of events. We also present a case study of our online algorithm on a collaboration network.
SENP3 regulates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction via ROS dependent signaling
Authors: Chen Fuheng , Ma Dongdong , Li Aizhong
Published: November 2020

Background:

The current study aimed to explore the role of SENP3 in endothelial cell dysfunction in a high-glucose setting.

Methods:

The gene and protein expressions of SENP3 in high-glucose cultured HAECs were examined using quantitative PCR and western blotting. The effects of SENP3 on HAEC viability, apoptosis, migration, and endothelial–monocyte adhesion were evaluated in vitro by knockdown. Moreover, a mouse streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes model was established for SENP3 expression assessment. In addition, the effects of SENP3 on ROS-related signaling pathways were investigated in high-glucose cultured HAECs.

Results:

Significantly increased levels of SENP3 mRNA and protein were found in high-glucose cultured HAECs in a time-dependent manner. SENP3 knockdown reversed high glucose-induced HAEC viability, apoptosis, and migration reduction. SENP3 knockdown attenuated the high glucose-induced intercellular adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells and HAECs via downregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Increased levels of SENP3, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 expression were observed in the aorta tissue of mice with type I diabetes. Downregulation of SENP3 expression was observed in HAECs cultured with high glucose levels using the free radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine or NOX4 siRNA.

Conclusions:

SENP3 was involved in high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction, and ROS-dependent signaling served as the mechanism.
Delayed Gratification in Political Participation
Authors: Schafer Jerome
Published: November 2020

Delayed gratification is associated with myriad desirable outcomes—like eating right and saving money. In this article, I explore whether it also increases political participation. To this end, I provide an explicit decision-theoretic framework, which predicts that less patient individuals are less willing to vote and to donate; these forms of participation are costly before Election Day, but their rewards are partially delayed. I then discuss how to elicit individual time preferences with real monetary incentives. In the empirical analysis, I provide evidence from a representative U.S. survey showing that monetary discount rates predict turnout and donations. Though mostly correlational and exploratory, these findings hold when controlling for a host of potential confounds. Overall, my results indicate that impatient types are less likely to prepare for and ultimately participate in elections. This sheds light on when and how deep psychological traits constrain political decisions involving a trade-off over time.
Radio in Music Education: The Indiana School of the Sky Music Episodes, 1947–1948
Authors: Aaberg Morganne
Published: November 2020

In this study I examined archival material relating to music lessons that aired on the Indiana School of the Sky during its inaugural season in the 1947–1948 school year. The Indiana School of the Sky was an educational radio program intended for use in the public schools and produced by Indiana University students and professors, in partnership with the State Department of Education. The purpose of this study was to illuminate details of the Indiana School of the Sky music program during its inaugural season in 1947–1948, such as the staff, repertoire, teaching strategies, and program structure. Of particular interest was Dorothy G. Kelley, who served as supervisor of the Indiana School of the Sky music episodes during its inaugural season, and was the first female to join the faculty of the Music Education Department at Indiana University. A secondary purpose was to examine the intersection of education and technology in the late 1940s through the lens of the Indiana School of the Sky and to afford contemporary music educators the opportunity to reflect on how they use current technologies in their classrooms. This study found that the program employed three main teaching strategies: singalong, call and response, and listening. Indiana University music and music education students performed in many music episodes alongside Kelley, and 34% of compositions that aired during the 1948–1949 school year comprised of music by composers from the United States, or folk music originating in the United States. Other countries represented by either composer or folk tradition included Australia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Mexico, Russia, and Spain.
Cystic Adventitial Disease Presenting as Occlusion of the External Iliac Artery: A Rare Manifestation
Authors: Lovelock Thomas , Dean Anastasia , Mow Chris , Claydon Matthew , Campbell William
Published: November 2020

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare, non-atherosclerotic cause of peripheral arterial disease characterized by mucinous cyst formation in the adventitial layer of arteries; with approximately 80% to 90% of cases involving the popliteal artery. We describe a case of CAD presenting in a female with left external iliac artery occlusion and intermittent claudication, for whom an intra-operative diagnosis of CAD of the ilio-femoral segment was made. A 37-year-old mother-of-two was referred to a Vascular Surgeon with a 3 to 4-year history of progressive intermittent claudication. A computed tomography (CT) angiogram demonstrated a left external iliac artery occlusion. Given the location of the lesion, the absence of cardiovascular risk factors and the patient’s history of cycling, a diagnosis of left external iliac artery occlusion secondary to arterial endofibrosis or spontaneous arterial dissection was thought to be likely. A left Rutherford-Morrison incision was made and an extraperitoneal approach used to expose the left iliac system. A cyst was opened and marsupialized along the superior aspect of the external iliac artery, releasing gelatinous material. A provisional intra-operative diagnosis of CAD was made. The patient was systemically heparinized and an external iliac to common femoral artery bypass was performed using reversed ipsilateral greater saphenous vein. CAD primarily involves the popliteal artery. Under 40 cases of CAD with iliofemoral involvement have been reported. Our case is unusual given the location of CAD, as well as its occurrence in a female. Management options for similar cases have been described in the literature ranging from cyst excision and arterial patching, to interposition bypass and even exclusion bypass, in the case of longer segment occlusions. In our case, an exclusion bypass was deemed the most appropriate treatment given the extensive length and complete occlusion of the external iliac artery.
Effect of Spiritual Care on Chest Tube Removal Anxiety and Pain in Heart Surgery in Muslim Patients (Shia and Sunni)
Authors: Fasihizadeh Hossin , Nasiriani Khadijeh
Published: November 2020

The process of removal of a chest tube can cause pain and anxiety. Spiritual care can be considered as a component of nursing care, especially in the pain and anxiety relating to such procedures. This study was a randomized clinical trial. Eighty patients completed the study. The findings showed significant differences in anxiety and pain between groups ( p = 0.001). Spiritual care reduced anxiety and pain caused by chest tube removal in patients (Shia and Sunni Islam) undergoing heart surgery.
A Prayer for Nation
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi
Published: November 2020

The Faculty of Education and Language, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, has entered the Indonesian World Records Museum (MURI) by hosting a virtual singing collaboration by the greatest number of faculty members. I am a lecturer in the Faculty of Education and Language and also the songwriter of this song, expressing gratitude for this achievement. This work is dedicated as a gift to Indonesia amid this COVID-19 pandemic.
White-Collar Criminality Within the Video Game Industry
Authors: Copenhaver Allen , Griffin O. Hayden
Published: November 2020

Edwin Sutherland’s concept of white-collar crime remains incredibly influential in contemporary criminological research and thought. Sutherland’s work was critical of several of the most influential industries in the United States, highlighting both their criminal and unethical conduct. Today, the video game industry has garnered tremendous influence over society and until recently, has seemed to escape criminological critique (other than for that of the potential negative effects of violent games) and white-collar crime theoretical inquiry. This study aims to change that, as we analyze the video game industry for its involvement in many traditional (and some more contemporary) forms of white-collar crime. More specifically, we discuss overpromising, broken games, and price gouging.
Addressing Youth-Focused Research Questions in a Community Context: Collecting and Integrating Mixed Methods Data at Multiple Ecological Levels With the PhotoStories Project
Authors: NeMoyer Amanda , Alvarez Kiara , Mukthineni Ravali , Tendulkar Shalini , Alegría Margarita
Published: November 2020

Research seeking to understand and improve social conditions for marginalized youth would benefit from merging complex mixed methods research designs emphasizing multilevel data and participatory social justice principles. We contribute to mixed methods research by introducing a novel framework that accomplishes this task and by illustrating its real-world application via PhotoStories, a multistage study aimed at understanding youths’ community-based experiences and emotional well-being. During the project’s three phases (preparation, training, and dissemination) we obtained and integrated quantitative and qualitative data at multiple ecological levels. Additionally, we examined youth perceptions about their participation, an important outcome given our focus on participatory social justice. We also provide lessons learned and recommendations for investigators seeking to use a similar approach for youth-focused research.
Using Participatory Learning and Action in a Community-Based Intervention to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls in Mumbai’s Informal Settlements
Authors: Chakraborty Proshant , Daruwalla Nayreen , Gupta Apoorwa Deepak , Machchhar Unnati , Kakad Bhaskar , Adelkar Shilpa , Osrin David
Published: November 2020

For over 3 decades, participatory learning and action (PLA) techniques have been prominent in formative and evaluative studies in community-based development programs in the Global South. In this paper, we describe and discuss the use of PLA approaches at the beginning of a community-based program for prevention of violence against women and girls in Mumbai’s urban informal settlements. We adapted six PLA techniques as part of a formative community mobilization and rapid needs assessment exercise, addressing perceptions of violence prevalence, sources of household conflict, experiences of safety and mobility, access to services, preferences for service and support, and visualization of an ideal community free from violence. We describe the collaborative process of developing and implementing PLA techniques and discuss its relevance in generating contextual and grounded understandings of violence as well as in identifying factors which can potentially enable and constrain interventions.
The effect of two-parameter of Pasternak foundations on the dynamics and stability of multi-span pipe conveying fluids
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhao Yuzhen , Guo Qing , Liu Yongshou
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the dynamics and stability of multi-span pipe conveying fluid embedded in Pasternak foundation is studied. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the dynamics of multi-span pipe conveying fluid embedded in two parameters Pasternak foundation is analyzed. The dynamic stiffness method (DSM) is used to solve the control equation. A seven span pipe is calculated. The affection of two parameters of Pasternak foundation is mainly studied. Along with increasing the elastic stiffness K and shear stiffness G, the frequency is also increasing.
Robust adaptive global nonlinear sliding mode controller for a quadrotor under external disturbances and uncertainties
Authors: Labbadi Moussa , El Houm Yassine , Abbou Ahmed , Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: November 2020

The present paper proposes an adaptive global nonlinear sliding mode controller (AGNSMC) for the tracking problem of a quadrotor subjected to external disturbances. In order to eliminate the reaching phase and to guarantee the sliding mode of the quadrotor states in the initial time, a novel control law is developed. The upper bounds of disturbances affected the quadrotor dynamics are rejected based on adaptive laws for the both attitude and position subsystem. The tracking performance is enhanced by using the suggested controller. The stability of quadrotor is guaranteed and the global sliding mode surfaces converge to origin values in a finite time. To show the robustness of the proposed control approach against the external disturbances, simulation results are presented and compared with the results of the super-twisting-integral sliding mode controller.
Attenuated regimen of biweekly gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in patients aged 65 years or older with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Rehman Hasan , Chi Jeffrey , Hakim Nausheen , Goyal Shreya Prasad , Olazagasti Coral , Jose Jyothi , Moriarty Linda , Saif Muhammad Wasif
Published: November 2020

Background:

Treatment with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel confers a survival benefit over gemcitabine monotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). However, such treatment can be associated with significant toxicities especially in older patients and carries practical disadvantages related to a weekly schedule along with financial cost. We retrospectively analyzed patients >65 years of age with APC who received a modified biweekly regimen of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel to evaluate efficacy and toxicity.

Methods:

Patients aged >65 years with chemo-naïve APC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ⩽2 were studied. Patients were treated with a modified regimen of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 every 2 weeks on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Patients were evaluated for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with analyses performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Adverse events were recorded on the day of chemotherapy. Cancer antigen 19.9 was measured in every cycle and restaging scans were performed every two cycles.

Results:

A total of 73 patients (median age: 73 years; range: 66–93) were treated with biweekly gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment. The median OS and PFS were 9.1 months and 4.8 months, respectively. Around 66% of patients received growth-factor support based on American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines and no patient developed neutropenic fever. The incidences of grade ⩾3 toxicity for neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurotoxicity were 2%, 7%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. Dose reductions of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel were required in 10% and 4% patients, respectively.

Conclusion:

In patients older than >65 years of age with APC, a modified regimen of biweekly gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel was found to be effective when compared with the historical control from the MPACT study. This regimen allowed for fewer dose reductions, reduced healthcare costs from additional appointments, travel-related cost, as well as a favorable side-effect profile while maintaining efficacy. Though retrospective in nature, this study underlines the need for further investigation, particularly in elderly patients with poor performance status, such as those with pancreatic cancer, and in order to combine with a third agent, such as a targeted treatment or immunotherapy.
Health promotion perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of religion
Authors: Barmania Sima , Reiss Michael J.
Published: November 2020

In this article we examine the importance of religion for COVID-19 health promotion. We advance three main arguments. First, religion plays an important role in affecting how likely it is that people will become infected with COVID-19. Second, religion should not be seen as a ‘problem’ with regards to COVID-19 but as an important part of the worldview and lifestyle of many people. Third, there are valuable health promotion lessons we can learn not only from the intersection of religion and other infectious diseases, but also from approaches taken within science education. Contentious science topics such as evolution and vaccine hesitancy have been effectively communicated to those with a religious faith who are disposed to reject them by reframing and considering religion as a worldview and treating those who do not accept standard scientific theories sensitively. Religion has much to contribute to health promotion, including introducing perspectives on life’s meaning and on death that can differ from those held by many without religious faith. Furthermore, religious leaders are important gatekeepers to their communities and can therefore play a vital role in policy implementation, even when that policy makes no overt reference to religion. Our contention is that by working with those of faith in the context of COVID-19, health promotion can be enhanced.
Diagnostic utility of whole spine and thoracic spine MRI corner inflammatory lesions in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Chan Shirley Chiu Wai , Li Philip Hei , Lee Kam Ho , Tsang Helen Hoi Lun , Lau Chak Sing , Chung Ho Yin
Published: November 2020

Background:

The presence of ⩾3 corner inflammatory lesions has been proposed as the definition of a positive spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but subsequent studies showed inconclusive findings. Our objective was to evaluate whether locations of corner inflammatory lesions (CILs) would affect the diagnostic utility of MRI in axSpA.

Method:

Two groups were consecutively recruited from eight rheumatology centers in Hong Kong. The ‘axSpA’ group included 369 participants with a known diagnosis of axSpA. The ‘non-specific back pain’ (NSBP) control group consisted of 117 participants. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters were collected and all patients underwent MRI of the spine and sacroiliac joints. CILs were assessed based on their locations (cervical, thoracic or lumbar) to determine the optimal cutoff for diagnosis.

Results:

The cutoff of ⩾5 whole spine CILs (W-CILs) and ⩾3 thoracic spine CILs (T-CILs) had comparable specificity to MRI sacroiliitis. Of 85/369 axSpA patients without sacroiliitis on conventional radiograph or MRI, 7 had ⩾5 W-CILs and 11 had ⩾3 T-CILs. Incorporating the proposed cutoffs into Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society axSpA criteria, ⩾5 W-CILs and ⩾3 T-CILs had similar performance when added to the imaging criteria for sacroiliitis (sensitivity 0.79 versus 0.80, specificity 0.92 versus 0.91).

Conclusion:

Spinal MRI provided little incremental diagnostic value in unselected axSpA patients. However, in patients without sacroiliitis on MRI or radiographs, 8–13% might be diagnosed by spinal MRI. Thoracic and whole spine MRI had similar diagnostic performance using the proposed cutoff of ⩾5 W-CILs and ⩾3 T-CILs.
Microbial Glycosylation of Phenanthrene and Bibenzyls by Mucor hiemalis
Authors: Nam Bomi , Han Ah-Reum , Lee Ik-Soo
Published: November 2020

Microbial transformation of denthyrsinin (1), gigantol (2), and batatasin III (3), the major constituents of Dendrobium species (Orchidaceae), was performed using the filamentous fungus Mucor hiemalis KCTC 26779. Three glycosylated metabolites were obtained in the biotransformation of 1-3, and their structures were identified as denthyrsinin-6- O-β-d-glucoside (4), gigantol-5- O-β-d-glucoside (5), and batatasin III-3- O-β-d-glucoside (6) by analyzing 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectral data. Among them, metabolite 4 has not been previously reported. Mucor hiemalis was revealed to catalyze enzymatically glucosylation of the hydroxyl group of phenanthrenes and bibenzyls. This research provides an efficient approach for the glycosylation of phenanthrenes and bibenzyls and can expand the library of available phenanthrene and bibenzyl derivatives for further biological evaluations.
Lighting the Patient Room of the Future: Evaluating Different Lighting Conditions for Performing Typical Nursing Tasks
Authors: Graves Ethan , Davis Robert G. , DuBose Jennifer , Campiglia Gabrielle C. , Wilkerson Andrea , Zimring Craig
Published: November 2020

Purpose:

This study explores how aspects of lighting in patient rooms are experienced and evaluated by nurses while performing simulated work under various lighting conditions. The lighting conditions studied represent design standards consistent with different environments of care—traditional, contemporary, and future.

Background:

Recent advances in lighting research and technology create opportunities to use lighting in hospital rooms to improve everyday experience and provide researchers with opportunities to explore a new set of research questions about the effects of lighting on patients, guests, and staff. This study focuses on the experience of nurses delivering simulated patient care.

Method:

Perceptions of each of the 13 lighting conditions were evaluated by nurses using rating scales for difficulty of task completion, comfort, intensity, appropriateness of the lighting color, and naturalness of the lighting during the task. The nurses’ ratings were analyzed alongside qualitative reflections to provide insight into their responses.

Results:

Significant differences were found for several a priori hypotheses. Interesting findings provide insight into lighting to support circadian synchronization, lighting at night, the distribution of light in the patient room and the use of multiple lighting zones, and the use of colored lighting.

Conclusion:

The results of this study provide insight into potential benefits and concerns of these new features for patient room lighting systems and reveal gaps in the existing evidence base that can inform future investigations.
Birthing across borders: ‘Contracting’ reproductive geographies
Authors: Bagelman Jen , Gitome Josephine
Published: November 2020

Within a context of intensifying global displacement, the experience of birthing across borders is becoming a reality for many. We catch incomplete glimpses of these realities through countless media snapshots of pregnant bodies in dinghies crossing seas or slung with metallic emergency-blankets. Despite their prevalence, these birthing experiences have not been adequately accounted for in the scholarship on reproductive geographies. In this article, we argue that this relative absence is not a mishap but reflects a deeper geographical bias. The present article seeks to address this gap and has three main aims: first, to provide a deeper understanding of heterogenous reproductive lives, especially as they relate to questions of displacement and precarious citizenship. Second, to offer new participatory and creative methods for understanding these reproductive lives in contexts of acute but also protracted violence. Third, to develop a conceptual language of ‘contraction’ to help grapple with some of the inequities but also mobilities and solidarities across diverse geographies. Finally, foregrounding questions of displacement, this article brings into sharp relief the geopolitics of reproduction and how biopolitical governance is being both experienced and resisted through what Katz calls the ‘messy fleshy stuff of everyday life’ in too-often invisibilised liminal spaces.