bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Zhao Jing , Yue Shuai , Li Ziyu , Duan Xiang , Lin Yao , Yang Yang , He Junjian , Gao Leiqiong , Pan Zhiwei , Yang Xiaofan , Su Xingxing , Huang Min , Li Xiao , Zhao Ye , Zhang Xuehui , Li Zhirong , Hu Li , Tang Jianfang , Hao Yaxing , Tian Qin , Wang Yifei , Xu Lifan , Huang Qizhao , Cao Yingjiao , Chen Yaokai , Zhu Bo , Li Yan , Bai Fan , Zhang Guozhong , Ye Lilin
Published: April 2024

Tumor-specific T cells are crucial in anti-tumor immunity and act as targets for cancer immunotherapies. However, these cells are numerically scarce and functionally exhausted in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to inefficacious immunotherapies in most patients with cancer. By contrast, emerging evidence suggested that tumor-irrelevant bystander T (TBYS) cells are abundant and preserve functional memory properties in the TME. To leverage TBYS cells in the TME to eliminate tumor cells, we engineered oncolytic virus (OV) encoding TBYS epitopes (OV-BYTE) to redirect the antigen specificity of tumor cells to pre-existing TBYS cells, leading to effective tumor inhibition in multiple preclinical models. Mechanistically, OV-BYTE induced epitope spreading of tumor antigens to elicit more diverse tumor-specific T cell responses. Remarkably, the OV-BYTE strategy targeting human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory efficiently inhibited tumor progression in a human tumor cell-derived xenograft model, providing important insights into the improvement of cancer immunotherapies in a large population with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
Fabrication of a sustainable superhydrophobic surface of Ag-NPs@SA on copper alloy for corrosion resistance, photocatalysis, and simulated distribution of Ag atoms
Authors: Hassan Noor , Ajmal Zeeshan , Liang heng Sun , Fahmi Fawy Khaled , Mahmood Sajid , Mushtaq Fazila , Albaqami Munirah D. , Mohammad Saikh , Rasool Raqiqa Tur , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas
Published: April 2024

Artificial superhydrophobic surfaces that do not absorb water, in a similar way to the lotus leaf, show tremendous promise in numerous applications.
Both sub-ambient and above-ambient conditions: a comprehensive approach for the efficient use of radiative cooling
Authors: Tang Huajie , Guo Chenyue , Fan Fan , Pan Haodan , Xu Qihao , Zhao Dongliang
Published: April 2024

A new concept of self-adaptive radiative cooling with infrared spectral selective regulation is proposed, enabling high-efficiency radiative cooling under both sub- and above-ambient conditions.
Amine-containing donepezil analogues as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with increased polarity
Authors: Kaltbeitzel Jonas , Kersten Christian , Wich Peter R.
Published: April 2024

The study explores the introduction of amines into acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. The derivatives retain their activity but show decreased membrane permeability, indicating reduced central effects and a potential treatment for functional dyspepsia.
Development of paste-like organic/inorganic artificial bones compatible with bone remodeling cycles, consisting of β-tricalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles
Authors: Kamaya Yuki , Ando Akihiro , Suzuki Kazuto , Nakano Kazuaki , Nagaya Masaki , Nagashima Hiroshi , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: April 2024

Schematic illustration of organic/inorganic hybrid cement with the simultaneous addition of CSH and PLGA particles.
Copper(ii) phthalocyanine as an electrocatalytic electrode for cathodic detection of urinary tryptophan
Authors: Sunon Pachanuporn , Ngokpho Busarakham , Kaewket Keerakit , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: April 2024

Selective electrochemical detection of urinary tryptophan facilitated by copper(ii) phthalocyanine electrocatalytic electrode.
Stereoregular poly(2-phenylthiirane) via cationic ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Xiao Yu , Yue Tian-Jun , Lu Xiao-Bing , Ren Wei-Min
Published: April 2024

Herein, we describe an effective strategy for synthesizing polythioethers with a well-defined structure through the cationic polymerization of thiirane with electron-withdrawing substituents.
Tailorable optical properties of polymer nanodots for triple-mode fluorescence detection of nucleic acids
Authors: Guo Chao , Cui Enna , Wang Mengxiao , Liu Xuan , Yu Yanyan , Xie Xiaojiang , Yang Dongzhi
Published: April 2024

The triple-mode nanosensor platform developed in this work utilizes fluorescence anisotropy and Förster resonance energy transfer strategies, exhibiting high detection capabilities in DNA and microRNA analysis.
Correction: Controllable synthesis of star-shaped FeCoMnOx nanocrystals and their self-assembly into superlattices with low-packing densities
Authors: Xia Zhe , Gao Yutong , Cai Qingfu , Wang Yajun , Yang Dong , Li Tongtao , Dong Angang
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Controllable synthesis of star-shaped FeCoMnOx nanocrystals and their self-assembly into superlattices with low-packing densities’ by Zhe Xia et al., Chem. Commun., 2024, 60, 3409–3412, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4CC00332B.
Strongly facet-dependent activity of iron-doped β-nickel oxyhydroxide for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Govind Rajan Ananth , Martirez John Mark P. , Carter Emily A.
Published: April 2024

Hybrid DFT predicts that Fe-doping of NiOOH changes the OER activity from insensitive to highly sensitive to crystal facet.
Refining DIIS algorithms for Si and GaAs solar cells: incorporation of weight regularization, conjugate gradient, and reverse automatic differentiation techniques
Authors: Zhang Zhaosheng , Liu Sijia , Zhang Yingjie
Published: April 2024

Optimizing the DIIS algorithm with weight regularization, conjugate gradients, and reverse automatic differentiation enhances efficiency/stability for Si/GaAs solar cell computations.
Correction: Quantifying the ion coordination strength in polymer electrolytes
Authors: Andersson Rassmus , Hernández Guiomar , Mindemark Jonas
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Quantifying the ion coordination strength in polymer electrolytes’ by Rassmus Andersson et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 16343–16352, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP01904C.
Efficient MnFe/Al2O3 catalyst for NH3-SCR of NO at low temperature: the influence of strong interactions between active components and the carrier
Authors: Xu Qian , Zheng Zhihong , Luo Jinjing , Lai Zheng , Chen Jianwen , Shang Jiaxin
Published: April 2024

Supported MnFeOx catalysts have been prepared using Al2O3 as the substrate and were investigated for NH3-SCR.
Stability of target polyphenols of leaf-added virgin olive oil under different storage conditions over time
Authors: Safarzadeh Markhali Fereshteh , Teixeira José A.
Published: April 2024

Above all, the leaf-added virgin olive oils after being exposed to light and oxygen, maintained significant levels of oleuropein over time points.
Colon-available mango (poly)phenols exhibit mitigating effects on the intestinal barrier function in human intestinal cell monolayers under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Pereira-Caro Gema , Cáceres-Jiménez Salud , Moreno-Ortega Alicia , Dobani Sara , Pourshahidi Kirsty , Gill Chris I. R. , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Moreno-Rojas José Manuel , Taurino Giuseppe , Bussolati Ovidio , Almutairi Tahani M. , Crozier Alan , Bianchi Massimiliano G.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the impact ofin vivoavailable colon-mango (poly)phenols on stress-induced impairment of intestinal barrier function.
Chiral hydroxymethyl-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazoles: the search for selective p53-activating agents for colorectal cancer therapy
Authors: Hendrikx Mees M. , Pereira Adelino M. R. , Pereira Ana B. , Carvalho Carla S. C. , Ribeiro João L. P. , Soares Maria I. L. , Saraiva Lucília , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: April 2024

Structural modulation of a lead p53-activating anticancer molecule was performed, leading to the synthesis of new bioactive molecules. Activity against human colorectal cancer cells with different p53 status provided in-depth SAR data.
Single-particle Förster resonance energy transfer from upconversion nanoparticles to organic dyes
Authors: Hu Jialing , Zhao Fei , Ling Huan , Zhang Yunxiang , Liu Qian
Published: April 2024

We developed a single-particle FRET platform based on upconversion nanocrystals, which shows 8.3 times FRET-based upconversion enhancement and excellent photostability.
Recent advances in fluorescence and afterglow of CDs in matrices
Authors: Fu Qiang , Lu Kangzhi , Sun Shouhong , Dong Zhanhua
Published: April 2024

Carbon dots (CDs) are novel nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm that have attracted much attention due to their outstanding optical properties.
Synergistic effects of vanadium incorporation in cobalt-based LDH on electron and proton transfer during electrocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Chen Liang , Lv Chenghang , Ruo Hongyu , Pan Yanlong , Xu Shoudong , Chen Jiaqi , Yang Bingchuan , Zhang Ding , Yang Huimin
Published: April 2024

Electricity-driven water splitting is a promising approach for cost-effective and environment-friendly hydrogen production.
Effect of laminate structure on morphology and ethanol sensing properties of hierarchical zinc–cobalt layered double hydroxides
Authors: Fu Zijin , Lu Jing , Zhu Jingjing , Wang Rongrong , Feng Liangliang
Published: April 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have attracted much attention in the gas sensing field due to their unique laminate structure and flexible chemical composition.
Charge-transfer inclusion complex formation of the tropylium cation with prism[6]arenes
Authors: Zhang Guojiao , Cheng Channi , Li Zhengxiang , Zhao Dezhi , Han Chengyou
Published: April 2024

We report that charge-transfer (CT) inclusion complexes were formed between prism[6]arenes and tropylium cation. Additionally, the CT complex showed Cl−/Ag+ responsiveness which can be easily monitored by the naked eye.
Collective behavior of squirmers in thin films
Authors: Wu-Zhang Bohan , Fedosov Dmitry A. , Gompper Gerhard
Published: April 2024

The collective behavior of microswimmers in confinement depends on their shape, hydrodynamic interactions, and interactions with confining walls. We use simulations of two layers of spheroidal squirmers in a slit to characterize their behavior for various volume fractions and squirmer types.
Building bridges: overcoming barriers to higher education for underrepresented students in the Warwickshire area
Authors: Kudellage Ranudi , Suman Simran , Barr Morgan
Published: April 2024

The University of Warwick's Biology Society hosted a 'murder mystery'-themed lab experience day for high school students from underrepresented backgrounds. The day consisted of taster lectures, engaging lab experiments and useful university application advice.
Social Networks and Communication Impairment: Racial Differences Among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Jones Jacqueline Nicole , Jacobs Molly , Ellis Charles
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Recent evidence highlights the importance of social networks—the composition of social relationships—and their characteristics in stroke recovery. This study explores the relationship between social networks and poststroke communication outcomes.

Method:

A cohort of 30 non-Hispanic Black (
n
= 12) and non-Hispanic White (
n
= 18) adult stroke survivors completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) Communication subtest and the Stroke Social Network Scale (SSNS). The SSNS captures elements of social networks including satisfaction and contact with friends, relatives, children, and groups. The relationship between the SIS Communication subtest scores and SSNS scores was explored using ordinal Bayesian regression estimation models adjusting for sex, age, time postonset, marital status, and stroke type.

Results:

Average SIS Communication scores differed (
t
= 2.07,
p
= .335) between White (
M
= 81.75,
SD
= 22.90) and Black (
M
= 95.71,
SD
= 4.95) participants, but SSNS Comprehensive scores were similar between the two groups (
t
= −0.89,
p
= 1.00). SSNS children subtest scores were higher among the Black than the White (
t
= −1.73,
p
= .0473) participants. Similarly, satisfaction subtest scores were comparatively higher among Black than White participants (
t
= 1.85,
p
= .451). SSNS Satisfaction, Friends, and Groups subtest scores were positively associated with SIS Communication, indicating strong associations with lower impairment. SSNS Children subtest scores were negatively related to SIS, indicating higher impairment. Although most subtest associations were similar for both groups, the associations with SSNS Children and Friends subtests differed between racial groups.

Conclusions:

Levels of communication impairment were correlated with child, friendship, and group attachments among participants. However, strong social ties to children and friends had different associations among racial groups.
A Hierarchical Approach to Efficient Assessment of Functional Intelligibility: The Modular FITI (Functional Importance to Intelligibility) Phrase List
Authors: Gurevich Naomi , Kim Heejin
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Gurevich and Kim (2023a) developed speech stimuli with full phonetic coverage and phonemic balance to comprehensively examine production and perception of consonants. They identify a hierarchy of positional variants with functional importance to intelligibility (FITI). The FITI stimuli are well suited for assessing intelligibility. Multiple studies report that clinicians prefer nonstandard materials (e.g., reading passages, word lists) over formal tools (e.g., Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment–Second Edition [FDA-2]; Enderby & Palmer, 2008), citing time constraints among reasons. Having analyzed the phonetic coverage of the three standard passages (Gurevich & Kim, 2022), the purpose herein is to provide a similar analysis for the FDA-2 and to construct an alternative list of stimuli that achieves strategic coverage of priority intelligibility targets and is adaptable to time constraints.

Method:

The FDA-2 word list was analyzed in terms of its coverage of the 466 allowable contexts for the 24 English consonants and its coverage of priority FITI targets. A subset of the stimuli from Gurevich and Kim (2023a) was used to construct phrases organized in modules from highest to lowest FITI priority.

Results:

The full FDA-2 word list covers 35.41% of the allowable 466 contexts, compared to 83.05% by the 308 FITI word list from Gurevich and Kim (2023a). It also underperforms in covering priority FITI targets but does capture some of the hierarchy if all 115 words are used. Fifteen modules were constructed from the 308 FITI words with one to five phrases per module, presented in order of highest to lowest FITI priority.

Conclusions:

The newly constructed list of phrases has comprehensive phonetic coverage, follows the FITI hierarchy, and is built in autonomous modules. Using the modular FITI phrases to investigate speech is adaptable to time constraints in a manner that prioritizes intelligibility targets.
A bit rate condition for feedback stabilization of uncertain switched systems with external disturbances based on event triggering
Authors: Chen Rui , Ling Qiang , Fang Jie , Fei Xihong , Wang Duansong
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the input‐to‐state stability of an uncertain switched linear system with external disturbances, whose feedback loop is closed over a digital communication network. In the network, only a finite bit rate can be provided to transmit the feedback signal and unknown network delay always exists. By using reachable set approximation and propagation methods, it can well handle with the effects of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay on the stability of the system. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods.
A model‐based failure times identification for a system governed by a 2D parabolic partial differential equation
Authors: Bidou Mohamed Salim , Perez Laetitia , Verron Sylvain , Autrique Laurent
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on the identification of failure times in thermal systems governed by partial differential equations, a task known for its complexity. A new model‐based diagnostic approach is presented that aims to accurately identify failing heat sources and accurately determine their failure times, which is crucial when multiple heat sources fail and there is a delay in detection by distant sensors. To validate the effectiveness of the approach, a comparative analysis is carried out with an established method based on a Bayesian filter, the Kalman filter. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis, highlighting the advantages and potential limitations of the methodology. In addition, a Monte Carlo simulation is implemented to assess the impact of sensor measurements on the performance of this new approach.
Policy iteration for H∞ control of polynomial time‐varying systems
Authors: Pakkhesal Sajjad , Shamaghdari Saeed
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the H∞ control problem for polynomial time‐varying systems. The H∞ control problem has been much less investigated for time‐varying systems in comparison to the time‐invariant systems. Approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is an optimal method to solve the control problems. Therefore, it is valuable to solve the polynomial time‐varying H∞ control problem with the ADP approach. Considering the time as an independent variable for sum‐of‐squares (SOS) optimization problems, an SOS‐based ADP method is proposed to solve this problem. A policy iteration algorithm is presented, where in its policy evaluation step it is sufficient to solve an optimization problem. Some constraints are added to this optimization problem to guarantee the closed‐loop exponential stability. The convergence and stability properties of the proposed algorithm are stated and proven. Moreover, in order to design an H∞ controller with a smaller disturbance attenuation coefficient, a two‐loop algorithm is suggested. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation examples.
Differential graphical game‐based multi‐agent tracking control using integral reinforcement learning
Authors: Guo Yaning , Sun Qi , Wang Yintao , Pan Quan
Published: April 2024

This paper studies the cooperative tracking control problem of interacted multi‐agent systems (MASs) under undirected communication. Based on differential graphical game theory, the MAS tracking control problem is formulated as an infinite horizon cooperative differential graphical game‐theoretic tracking control framework, where a multi‐objective optimization problem is designed and then cast into a Pareto‐equivalent single‐objective optimization problem using a scalarization method. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the Pareto‐optimal strategy to the game theoretic tracking control are established, where it has been proven that the solution to the integral Bellman optimality equation leads to Pareto‐optimal strategy. Then, an off‐policy integral reinforcement learning scheme to find optimal control strategy using a pure data‐driven manner is developed, which consumes less computation efforts than the traditional learning scheme. Simulated results are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed game and IRL‐based tracking control method.
Discrimination of various upper structures and vehicles using radar cross section of frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar
Authors: Yoon Hyunsoo , Oh Junsu , Shin Hyun‐Chool
Published: April 2024

Although radar sensors have been known for their robustness in challenging environmental conditions, they face difficulties in distinguishing between upper structure (US), such as road signs, traffic lights, overpasses, and pedestrian bridges, and forward vehicle (FV). This misclassification can lead to false alarms and unwanted braking events. In this paper, the authors propose a method distinguishing between US and FV at different distances based on change in radar cross section (RCS). The study collects real‐world RCS data from various objects identified as US and FV during road driving scenarios.
Insect‐scale fast moving and ultra‐load‐carrying robot
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin , Wang Ziyang , Wu Guangping , Wu Chaofeng
Published: April 2024

The load capacity of small robots plays a crucial role in practical applications. Drawing inspiration from biological load‐carrying mechanisms, a crawling robot based on piezoelectric bending is proposed. It is an insect‐scale piezoelectric‐driven crawling robot with a load capacity of 100.4 times its weight, which is the highest measured among published insect‐scale robots. The robot was designed and fabricated in a monolithic manner, enhancing the assembly efficiency of the robot. It weighs only 0.68 g and has a length of only 40 mm. The robot can achieve rapid movement and jumping by using two different driving methods. Its maximum forward speed is 7.77 BL/s (body lengths per second), and it can reach a forward speed of 1 BL/s under a load of 41.6 g, the maximum load of the robot is 68.24 g. It can move rapidly, climb slopes, traverse ground obstacles, and pass through pipes, similar to an insect.
The tectonostratigraphic latitudinal record of the eastern Red Sea margin
Authors: Baby Guillaume , Delaunay Antoine , Aslanian Daniel , Afifi Abdulkader M.
Published: April 2024

We characterize the eastern Red Sea necking crustal domain through its north-south structural and stratigraphic record. Along-strike margin segmentation occurred during rifting (∼28-14 Ma), with tilted blocks filled by siliciclastic sediments structuring the northern poor-magmatic segment (28°N-21.5°N), while siliciclastic/volcanoclastic sediments and volcanic flows interpreted as SDRs characterize the southern magmatic segment (21.5°N−13°N). Tectonic and magmatic activity stopped in this crustal domain of the margin when a thick salt layer precipitated during the Middle Miocene (∼14-13 Ma). The stratigraphy of the margin then became similar between the two segments suggesting comparable post-salt subsidence and common crustal characteristics throughout the Red Sea. By characterizing its tectonostratigraphic record on a regional scale, this study tests two end-member scenarios for the tectonic evolution of the Red Sea. It also provides new insights into the tectonostratigraphic record of a rift margin system by simultaneously comparing the evolution of a magma-rich and a magma-poor segment.
Organizational complexity and road safety: dialectical contradiction and its behavioural interpretation
Authors: Petrov Artur
Published: April 2024

The main organizational and technical idea implemented in recent years in Russia in the field of road safety is to reduce the conflict of traffic and pedestrian flows. This is realised through the use of multiphase traffic light cycle modes. The consequence of this is a sharp increase in the duration of the traffic light cycle (up to 180-200 sec) and a decrease in the capacity of the street and road network. However, more surprisingly, it does not lead to an increase in road safety. The article presents the author’s view on the non-obvious effectiveness of such attempts to reduce the conflict of traffic and pedestrian flows and the author’s reflections on the dialectical contradiction between the organizational complexity of traffic light cycles and the behaviour of road users.
The use of PI-algorithm for high-speed electric rolling stock automatic control system
Authors: Sidorov Oleg , Smerdin Aleksandr , Mikhailov Mikhail , Philippov Victor , Ermachkov Gleb , Butenko Elena
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to analysis of automatic control systems used to optimize current collection on high-speed railway electric rolling stock. A classification of automatic control systems has been developed. The use of automatic control systems that change the pantograph static force can significantly improve the quality of the current collection. However, their use changes the compression of the elastic elements of the panhead suspension, which can ultimately lead to its complete compression and breakaways. To solve this problem, authors propose using intra-spring pneumatic elements in panhead suspension. The automatic control system must simultaneously control the pantograph static force and the panhead suspension static characteristics. The authors proposed and described an automatic control system of the pantograph contact force and the panhead suspension static characteristics. To test the prospects of the proposed automatic control system, a three-mass mathematical model of a pantograph equipped with intra-spring pneumatic elements in panhead suspension has been developed and implemented in the MATLAB Simulink software package. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using intra-spring pneumatic elements in panhead suspension when using an automatic control system. It allows you to avoid vertical impacts causing a sharp increase in contact force and breakaways of the panhead.
Determination of the modulus of elasticity of railway track with BF70 sleepers
Authors: Begmatov Nodir , Ergashev Ulugbek
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work is to determine the modulus of elasticity of the under-rail base, which are the main elastic characteristics that determine the stresses in the elements of the track structure under the dynamic load from the train. Traditionally, the modulus of elasticity of the track is determined on the basis of experimental studies. In this paper, the modulus of elasticity of the under-rail base is determined by calculation. For this purpose, a finite element model of the railway track was created in the Femap with NX Nastran software package, and the deflections of the rails from different forces transmitted from the wheel were determined by means of modelling. Values of the elastic modulus of the sub-rail base for the track with BF70 sleepers were obtained. The results make it possible to carry out a set of calculations of the railway track with BF70 sleepers for strength and stability.
Chemical activity score of siliceous rocks in development of self-cleaning cement material
Authors: Balykov Artemy , Chugunov Denis , Davydova Natalia
Published: April 2024

The development of photocatalytically active cement materials characterized by a complex of positive properties, such as self-cleaning ability, decompose atmospheric air pollutants, eliminate unwanted odors, etc., is actual scientific direction in the field of building materials science.

It is known that ‘core-shell’ compositions obtained by precipitation of photocatalyst particles on dispersed carriers (substrates) are one of the effective types of photocatalytic additives for cement systems. It should be noted that mineral raw materials of various genesis can act as a substrate. Foreign and domestic experience in obtaining ‘core-shell’ photocatalytic systems for cement materials shows that the type of photocatalytic agent carrier has a primary influence on the final parameters of the synthesized composite modifier. The purpose of this study was to establish patterns of influence of the composition of 3 types of opal-cristobalite rocks (diatomite, trepel, opoka) on their chemical activity. It was identified that the reactivity of siliceous rocks grows in the order of trepel → opoka → diatomite. Meanwhile, it was recorded that increase in the content of opal silica in the composition contributed to growth in the sedimentary rock reactivity. The obtained research results indicate the prospects of using diatomite and opoka as dispersed carriers of photocatalytic agents in the composition of self-cleaning cement concretes.
Influence of vertical shaft machine parameters on increasing productivity of the processed product
Authors: Bahadirov Gayrat , Rakhimova Zarnigor , Tashpulatov Salikh , Tyurin Igor , Holoqov Kurbonali
Published: April 2024

In this article, the influence of the force pulling the base plate of the vertical shaft machine up along the chain on the pair of compression shafts and the dependence of the moisture squeezed from the semi-finished product being processed on the diameter of the shafts are experimentally studied. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of an improved experimental design of a vertical type shaft machine that flattens the folded areas of wet semi-finished products and compresses excess moisture. The practical significance of the results of the research is explained by the development of an improved vertical type shaft machine for the mechanical processing of the semi-finished products with improved quality indicators of semi-finished products, energy saving, increasing productivity. In experimental studies, a regression equation was developed that determines the amount of excess liquid squeezed out of the semi-finished product during vertical transmission, depending on the diameter of the compression shafts, traction force and transmission speed. Based on the obtained results, graphs were constructed and analyzed. Currently, worldwide attention is being paid to improving the quality of leather products by using energy and resource-saving technologies. As can be seen from the above review, the quality of the processed material is influenced by many parameters of technological machines. Therefore, we believe that an experimental study of the parameters of a vertical roller machine on the properties of the processed leather semi-finished product is relevant.
Reducing the environmental impact of transport by reducing the time it takes to find parking for a car in a metropolis
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey
Published: April 2024

The study analyzed aspects of reducing the environmental impact of transport based on reducing the time to find parking for a car. The time spent by drivers searching for parking in the central part of the metropolis was analyzed. Data on the amount of time spent was obtained by interviewing drivers. The survey was conducted after completing a task to find parking in the central part of the metropolis at a certain time of the day (morning rush hour, daytime, evening rush hour). The data obtained reflect the time spent by drivers searching for parking in the central part of megacities; the data allows us to estimate the amount of environmental load arising from the “useless” movement of vehicles in the center of the metropolis, arising from the lack of free parking spaces. These studies can be used in the development of parking space planning programs and environmental programs aimed at improving the environmental situation in cities.
Evaluation of BERT and ChatGPT models in inference, paraphrase and similarity tasks
Authors: Kim Radmir , Kotsenko Anton , Andreev Aleksandr , Bazanova Anastasiia , Aladin Dmitry , Todua David , Marushchenko Aleksei , Varlamov Oleg
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to study the application of ChatGPT and BERT models in the field of mechanical engineering. In the context of machine learning, the ChatGPT and BERT models can be applied to various natural language processing tasks such as analyzing technical documentation and building instructions according to a particular version of the documentation, diagnosing malfunctions or customer service. The paper discusses the fundamental features of BERT and ChatGPT models, their origin, and also investigates the main architectural features and identifies the main advantages and disadvantages of the models. The paper analyzes and selects various natural language processing tasks to test the models’ ability to understand natural language in the context of machine learning. The selected criterion tasks are divided into semantic groups to identify the capabilities of ChatGPT and BERT models in each of three areas: logical inference tasks, paraphrasing tasks, and text similarity tasks. The paper also discusses the concept of operational design, which involves developing inputs that guide the models to produce desired outputs. The paper quantitatively analyzes and compares the performance of BERT and ChatGPT based models. The reasons for the bottlenecks of ChatGPT model in natural language understanding tasks are discovered and investigated. Possible improvements of ChatGPT model performance using the mivar approach are considered.
Automated search for several alternative logical inferences in a mivar knowledge base
Authors: Kotsenko Anton , Bazanova Anastasiia , Kim Radmir , Andreev Aleksandr , Aladin Dmitry , Todua David , Marushchenko Aleksei , Varlamov Oleg
Published: April 2024

This paper describes an approach to the automatic generation of a mivar knowledge base of a three-dimensional logic space. This knowledge base is created to provide three-dimensional robot movement. Automatic generation of mivar knowledge bases is necessary for the further solution of the problem of planning three-dimensional routes of robots and robotic complexes. This work is the basis for solving problems of resource allocation optimization in the field of transport logistics and machine learning artificial intelligence based on the application of mivar technologies. The variant of practical realization of the automated technique of sequential removal of mivar network rules and search for new robot motion trajectories for their further comparison by the number of activated transition rules on the way from the initial location to the target one is considered. Mivar-based logic artificial intelligence technologies offer great opportunities for dynamic route finding in real time, which will help in further development of machine learning artificial intelligence in the field of transport systems. The paper is intended for researchers involved in the development of mivar expert systems for solving problems of three-dimensional movement of robots and optimizing production planning systems.
Numerical simulation of aerodynamics in the cabin of transport
Authors: Panfilov Ivan , Beskopylny Alexey , Tashpulatov Salikh , Tyurin Igor
Published: April 2024

One of the most important tasks of transport engineering is the task of providing optimal and comfortable conditions for drivers and passengers, in particular: temperature, pressure, dust content, humidity, air speed, noise, illumination, etc. Temperature, humidity and vibration influences are also of great importance for the functioning of electronic devices and transport equipment. In this paper, a numerical-mathematical model is presented for studying the fields of temperatures, velocities, pressures, densities and humidity of air in the cabin space with simultaneous blowing by an external flow and internal ventilation. As a mathematical model, the Navier-Stokes equations in the RANS formulation are used, together with the diffusion equation, which allows calculating the mass fractions of water vapor in the domain. As a numerical implementation, the finite volume method is used together with turbulence models in the Ansуs Fluent software product. A non-stationary setting is considered, the stabilization time of flows is found; the stabilized fields are compared with the results obtained for the stationary setting. A method for obtaining numerical values of heat transfer coefficients for walls consisting of several layers of materials is also given. As a numerical experiment, a cabin of a special technological transport with a large glass area and multi- layered walls, with one driver without passengers, is considered. The obtained results are compared with the results obtained earlier without taking into account the diffusion equation and relative air humidity modeling.
Carbon-carbon composite material in friction units when lubricated with hydraulic fluid
Authors: Roshchin M.N. , Alisin V.V.
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with the issues related to the friction of carbon-carbon composite against steel in the medium of hydraulic fluid. Variation of friction coefficient from load, speed and temperature is analyzed. Comparison of antifriction properties of Hardcarb TP material with fluoroplastic modified by radiation treatment is performed. It is established that under the conditions of the experiments, the carbon composite has a higher friction coefficient than the fluoroplastic, but acceptable (f = 0.12) for use in friction units. Hardcarb TP material is promising for application in sliding friction friction units in lubrication with AMg-10 working fluid under conditions of increased requirements for the reliability and service life of hydraulic pumps.
The influence of thermocyclic effects on the tribological properties of a carbon-carbon composite under braking conditions
Authors: Alisin V.V.
Published: April 2024

The article considers the issues of the influence of repeated thermal shock on the frictional properties of a carbon-carbon composite material. For thermal loading, the heat-pulse method was applied, in which the energy of rotating masses is absorbed by a friction couple from samples of the material being studied. The change in the friction coefficient during braking is analyzed. Based on the results of repeated braking, conclusions are drawn about the resistance of the material to thermal cyclic behaviours. Particular attention is paid to the maximum temperature that occurs on friction surfaces and the temperature change during thermal loading. The dependence of the average friction coefficient in each test on the number of loading cycles was obtained. Based on the study, the number of thermal loads at which the frictional properties of the material are stable was established.
Research on influence of grinding blast furnace return ore on reduction swelling index of low silicon fluxed pellets and production practice
Authors: Dong Xiangjuan , Tian Yunqing , An Gang , Chen Jian , He Sai , Wu Wei
Published: April 2024

Pellet quality is one of the key technologies restricting the smelting of high proportion pellets in the blast furnace, especially the reduction swelling index of low silicon fluxed pellets. In this paper, the inhibition effect of grinding blast furnace return ore on the reduction swelling index of low silicon fluxed pellets was studied and application has been conducted in Shougang Jingtang Company. The experimental results show that the addition of 5–15% fine grinding blast furnace ore into pellet production significantly reduced the reduction swelling index of pellets from 23.5% to 14.3%. Microstructure and energy spectrum analysis shows that calcium ferrite, magnesium ferrite and liquid phase in the pellets with fine grinding blast furnace return ore increased obviously with a more uniform distributed liquid phase between hematite particles than in the basic group pellets and tended to be “homogenized”. It is conducive to inhibiting the generation of ferric whiskers in the reduction process of the hematite phase, and thus contributes to the reduction of the swelling index. Since its implementation at Shougang Jingtang in 2020, this technology has yielded positive results. The fluxed pellets exhibit good quality with an alkalinity of 1.1, a SiO2 content of 2.1%, and a reduction in the swelling index from 18.1% to 16.5%. Besides, the pellet ratio into blast furnace has reached 55%, the cumulative average utilization coefficient of three 5500 m3 super-large blast furnaces is 2.43t/(m3. d), and the monthly average for a single furnace reaches 2.62t/(m3. d). Meanwhile, consumption reduction of calcium-containing flux slaked lime in fluxed pellets by 0.9% is greatly beneficial to reducing the cost of pellets and expanding the resources of pellet powder.
Revisiting and proposing the most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology
Authors: Qian Chao-Nan , Pezzella Francesco , Lu Zhimin
Published: April 2024

Given the limitations in our understanding of cancer development and treatment options, malignant neoplasms remain a leading cause of death worldwide. In 2016, to bolster our fight against cancer, we invited authors globally to identify the most crucial questions in cancer research and clinical oncology. This effort led to the review and publication of 101 key scientific questions, sparking a surge in promising research across various domains. With the significant growth in our knowledge and evidence over the past decade, we are excited to invite authors to revisit and refine their previously published key questions. We also encourage the submission of new key questions related to malignant diseases. The deadline for submitting these impactful questions is extended to the end of 2025.
Liebe Leserin, Lieber Leser,
Authors: Flatten Guido
Published: April 2024

“It would be good to think that psychoanalysts can free physicians and physicians
free psychoanalysts too, to feel ‘daft’ sometimes, to alter their habitual ways of
looking at people … and bear the temporary loss of orientation and the bewilderment
that may ensue; and then to work, not at finding easy ready-made answers, but to see
what is there to be seen … ’Enid Balint, 1993
Über den Wandel bei der ZGN und aktuelle Umbrüche in der täglichen
Arbeit
Authors: Strauss Alexander
Published: April 2024

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

mit dieser Ausgabe scheidet Professor Dr. med. Christian P. Speer, FRCPE, eine der
tragenden Säulen der ZGN, aus dem Editorial Board dieses traditionsreichsten
deutschen Journals zur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie aus. Ohne Professor Speer, der
die Zeitschrift über beeindruckende 29 Jahre entscheidend mitgeprägt hat, wird dem
Herausgebergremium ein gewissenhafter Verantwortungsträger, weitsichtiger Vordenker
und meinungsstarker Diskutant fehlen. Nicht zuletzt der Blick auf die lange Liste an
Verdiensten um die Zeitschrift lässt die Bedeutung des von ihm selbstgewählten Endes
seiner aktiven Editorenschaft ermessen. Perinatologische Interdisziplinarität
klinisch zu leben und dieses Credo in einem modernen Zeitschriftenformat zu
institutionalisieren, umreisst seinen wirkmächtigen Beitrag zur
erfolgreichen Fortentwicklung der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
(siehe dazu auch die Laudatio auf Seite 125). Unter seiner Ägide prosperierte die
Anerkennung der Zeitschrift sowohl im wissenschaftlichen Kontext als auch bei ihrer
Leserschaft.
DemStepCare: Risikostratifizierte Unterstützung der ambulanten
Demenzversorgung – Bewertung aus hausärztlicher Perspektive
Authors: Geschke Katharina , Wangler Julian , Klein Fabian , Wuttke-Linnemann Alexandra , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Löhr Michael , Jansky Michael , Fellgiebel Andreas
Published: April 2024

Ziel Das Innovationsfondsprojekt DemStepCare zielte darauf, die
multiprofessionelle ambulante Versorgung durch Case Management,
Risikostratifizierung und Krisenambulanz zu optimieren. Vorgestellt werden die
Evaluationsergebnisse aus hausärztlicher Perspektive.

Methodik Zu drei Zeitpunkten erfolgte eine quantitative Befragung der
Hausärzt*innen hinsichtlich Akzeptanz, Nutzenbewertung und Demenzsensibilität.
Ergänzend wurden qualitative Interviews geführt.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich eine hohe Zufriedenheit mit dem Gesamtprojekt.
Wahrgenommen wurden Mehrwerte und Entlastungsfaktoren und durch die Kooperation
mit dem Case Management eine effektivere und stabilere Demenzversorgung. Die
Hausärzt*innen gaben eine gestiegene subjektive Kompetenz bei Diagnostik und
Krankheitsmanagement an.

Schlussfolgerung Die Befunde bestätigen aus hausärztlicher Sicht Nutzen
und Effektivität von DemStepCare.
Towards an international regulatory framework for AI safety: lessons from the IAEA’s nuclear safety regulations
Authors: Cha Seokki
Published: April 2024

This study explores the necessity and direction of safety regulations for Artificial Intelligence (AI), drawing parallels from the regulatory practices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for nuclear safety. The rapid advancement and global proliferation of AI technologies necessitate the establishment of standardized safety norms to minimize discrepancies between national regulations and enhance the consistency and effectiveness of these rules. The study emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and the engagement of various stakeholders to strengthen the appropriateness of regulations and ensure their continuous updating in response to the evolving risks associated with technological advancements. The paper highlights the critical role of subgoal setting mechanisms in AI’s decision-making processes, underscoring their significance in ensuring the technology’s stability and social acceptability. Improperly tuned subgoal setting mechanisms may lead to outcomes that conflict with human intentions, posing risks to users and society at large. The study draws attention to the hidden risks often embedded within AI’s core decision-making mechanisms and advocates for regulatory approaches to guarantee safe and predictable AI operations. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the limitations of directly applying IAEA’s nuclear safety cases to AI due to the distinct characteristics and risks of the two fields. The paper calls for future research to delve deeper into the need for an independent regulatory framework tailored to AI’s unique features. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of accelerating international consensus, developing flexible regulatory models that reflect the situation in each country, exploring harmonization with existing regulations, and researching timely regulatory responses to the fast-paced development of AI technology.
High-energy electron beam with fast repetition rate offers potential for new medical applications
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2024

Using a terawatt laser with a kHz pulse rate, electrons can be accelerated to high relativistic speeds over sub-millimeter distance.
Human radiological safety assessment for petawatt laser-driven ion acceleration experiments in CLAPA-T
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhao Jiarui , Xu Shengxuan , Chen Xun , Gao Ying , Chen Shiyou , Zhu Kun , Yan Xueqing , Ma Wenjun
Published: April 2024

The newly built Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator–Therapy facility at Peking University will deliver 60 J/1 Hz laser pulses with 30 fs duration. Driven by this petawatt laser facility, proton beams with energy up to 200 MeV are expected to be generated for tumor therapy. During high-repetition operation, both prompt radiation and residual radiation may cause safety problems. Therefore, human radiological safety assessment before commissioning is essential. In this paper, we simulate both prompt and residual radiation using the Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo codes with reasonable proton and as-produced electron beam parameters. We find that the prompt radiation can be shielded well by the concrete wall of the experimental hall, but the risk from residual radiation is nonnegligible and necessitates adequate radiation cooling. On the basis of the simulation results, we discuss the constraints imposed by radiation safety considerations on the annual working time, and we propose radiation cooling strategies for different shooting modes.