bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judicial Review of Executive Power: Legality, Rationality and Reasonableness (2)
Authors: Okpaluba Chuks
Published: January 2018

For the sake of context, the abstract of this contribution is repeated below (see (2015) 30(1) SAPL for Part 1 of this article). Early in the life of the South African democratic dispensation, the Constitutional Court distinguished the conduct of the President as the head of the executive branch of government from an administrative action. However, it held that executive conduct was, like all exercise of public power, constrained by the constitutional principles of legality and rationality. So, as a necessary incident of the rule of law, the executive may not exercise powers or perform duties not conferred upon it by the Constitution and the law. The cases decided since then demonstrate in practical and theoretical terms the democratic aphorism that no one is above the law and everyone is subject to the Constitution and the law. In the process, the Constitutional Court has entertained appeals for the review of executive powers such as where, inter alia, the President had acted on wrong advice or terminated the appointment of the head of the National Intelligence Agency; the legality of Ministerial Regulations and of the rationality of the presidential appointment of the Director of the National Prosecuting Authority. The role of reasonableness as a ground of review of executive conduct rather than administrative action has been demonstrated in the many cases where the distinction has been made between the rationality test and the reasonableness test. The conclusion, therefore, is that, through their interpretation of the Constitution and review of executive powers, the courts have developed a code of principles regarding the rule of law, good government, and democracy.
Does the Constitution Call for the Criminalisation of Hate Speech?
Authors: Marais Marelize
Published: January 2018

The clear-cut exclusion from constitutional protection of â€˜hate speechâ€™ contemplated by section 16(2)(c) of the Constitution is not per se concerned with the expression or promotion of hurtful or offensive discriminatory views, not even if intentionally aimed at disadvantaging the target group. Rather, it is concerned with the devastating human rights risk that irrational, cruel behaviour may be borne out of the hatred instilled in others by the inflammatory speech of reckless orators who advocate hatred. The article submits that existing legislative measures do not satisfactorily meet the responsibility to take necessary legislative measures to safeguard society against the realisation of this risk. It points out that while expression under section 16(2)(c) of the Constitution to a substantial extent falls within the ambit of existing criminal offences, in particular the common law offence of incitement to commit a crime, expression contemplated by section 16(2)(c) that incites others to inflict harm by means that do not constitute criminal offences, for instance, discrimination or the promotion of hatred, is prohibited under section 10 of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, but not criminalised. Expression of this nature should be criminalised, but only when the inciting action or attitude will have the effect of victimising target groups to the extent that they are effectively prevented from exercising their constitutional rights, in particular their right to freedom of expression. An analysis of the Draft Prohibition of Hate Speech Bill, 2004 reveals that the Bill fails to provide appropriate protection. Taking into account the guarantees of the Constitution including the right to freedom of expression, international commitments, comparative law and, most significantly, relevant features of South African society, the conclusion is reached that the criminalisation of incitement to promote hatred on the grounds stipulated in section 16(2)(c), as well as on the additional grounds of sexual orientation and nationality, is indeed called for.
The International Evolution of the Right of Children to Social Security
Authors: Nkosi Gugulethu
Published: January 2018

This article seeks to provide an analysis of the right of children to social security as provided for in the various international legal instruments, and as assimilated in other legal documents. Furthermore, it argues that scarcity of resources prevents children from enjoying socio-economic rights, including the right to social security adopted through international instruments and entrenched in domestic laws. The Convention on the Rights of a Child provides for the right to social security in the event of lack of resources to benefit the child. So does the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. In all the said legal instruments, the clauses on social security do not explicitly prescribe the rights that ought to be promoted through it. However, since the jurisprudence on socio-economic rights= emphasises the view that socio-economic rights are interrelated, interdependent and indivisible, it can also be safely said that through social security, beneficiaries, that is children, should be able to enjoy access to other socio-economic rights in general. Therefore, the significance of the right to social security as a means to address poverty and facilitate the development of children is explored.
Better Late than Never: Lessons from S v Jordan in Strengthening Women's Participation in Litigation
Authors: Spies Amanda
Published: January 2018

In 2002 the South African Constitutional Court rejected the decriminalisation of sex work and for many years the judgment has constricted further debate on the topic. In 2013 organisations such as the Commission for Gender Equality have again publicly committed themselves toward lobbying for the decriminalisation of sex work. The renewed debate has necessitated a reconsideration of the Court's decision in S v Jordan and this article focuses on the organisations that participated as amicus curiae in the matter. The discussion highlights the importance of organisational participation in litigation and how this participation could provide the context in which to consider future debates on the topic.

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The Le Sueur Case and a Local Government's Constitutional Right to Govern
Authors: Muir Andrew
Published: January 2018

The KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg High Court case of Le Sueur v eThekweni Municipality was decided on the basis that a municipality, in the local government sphere, was permitted to legislate within the functional area of the environment. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 sets out functional areas of governmental powers in Schedules 4 and 5 and allocates these powers to National, Provincial and/or Local Government. Established jurisprudence in the Constitutional Court has entrenched the sanctity of the functional areas and interpreted these areas in such a way as to prohibit intrusion by one sphere into a functional area allocated to another. Both the 'environment' and 'municipal planning' are allocated functional areas, the first to the National and Provincial spheres concurrently and the second to local government. The judgment in the Le Sueur case is seemingly at odds with the accepted jurisprudence. Although the decision in Le Sueur seems to be intuitively correct the reasoning employed seems to be somewhat strained. This paper proposes an alternative rationale which could be used to permit the same decision to be reached in a less strained manner. The local government 'right to govern' is postulated as a plenary power granted to local government and this, in turn, requires that Schedules 4 and 5 be interpreted in a slightly different manner. If this approach is followed then local government would be entitled to legislate in the functional area of the environment (and indeed generally) subject to the limitations discussed.
Note from the special editor for the CELP contributions
Authors: Coetzee Susan
Published: January 2018

Commentry
Beyond Rivonia: Transformative Constitutionalism and the Public Education System
Authors: Arendse Lorette
Published: January 2018

Article
How Central is the African Union to the Promotion of Traditional African Values? A Critical Engagement
Authors: Fagbayibo Babatunde
Published: January 2018

In addition to the Charter for African Cultural Renaissance, many of the normative instruments of the African Union (AU) underline the importance of traditional African values. Through its policy documents, action plans and charters, the AU expressly points to the centrality of traditional African values in the attainment of organisational objectives and goals. These include instruments on human rights, women, youth, elections and democracy, economic development and general regional integration. This acknowledgement raises two critical questions. The first relates to the level of implementation of this ideal by member states, and the second is the extent to which the AU provides an effective coordinating platform for the promotion of traditional African values. These two interrelated enquiries lie at the heart of understanding how the AU can play an essential role in the promotion of traditional African values. This article intends to home in on the institutional perspective of promoting traditional African values through transnational mechanisms. The central argument is that AU member states should demonstrate the necessary political will to strengthen African Union institutions to be able to effectively coordinate and implement efforts aimed at channelling traditional African values into development efforts at both the national and transnational levels.
Freedom of Expression and Traditional Communities: Who Can Speak and When?
Authors: Monye Stephen M
Published: January 2018

In â€˜Freedom of expression and traditional communities: who can speak and when?â€™ the author juxtaposes the constitutional right to freedom of expression with respect for customary law against the backdrop of the Constitutional Courtâ€™s vjudgment in Pilane v Pilane 2013 4 BCLR 431 (CC). In his article the author argues that the Constitutional Court should have developed the customary law around the Kgotha kgothe (general traditional meeting) custom which is pivotal to the exercise of the right to freedom of expression, association, and assembly within traditional communities
Can A Debtor Waive Rights to Property Envisaged in Section 82(6) of the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 in an Application for Voluntary Surrender?
Authors: Evans Roger , Mthethwa Khanyisile
Published: January 2018

Article
Land Matters and Rural Development: 2014 (2)
Authors: Du Plessis Willemien , Pienaar Juanita , Olivier Nic
Published: January 2018

Commentry
Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-N-propylethylene imine)s by controlled partial reduction of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)
Authors: Pfister Maria , Ringhand Annemarie , Fetsch Corinna , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: January 2018

The partial reduction of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) was investigated. A series of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-co-N-propylethylene imine)s were synthesized by direct reduction using lithium aluminum hydride or borane/dimethylsulfide (BH3/DMS), respectively. It is shown that the degree of reduction can be readily controlled either by the reaction time when using an excess of LiAlH4 or by the stoichiometry of BH3/DMS as was demonstrated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the glass transition temperature of the products decreased with increasing degree of reduction up to 25% of reduction, above which no glass transition could be detected. This control over the reduction allows the tailor synthesis of partially cationic polymers, which, in combination over the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance through the side chain length allows a tight control over materials properties. Such materials may be interesting, inter alia, for biomaterials or organic electronics.
Elucidating the Role of Isotopically Chiral Initiators in the Soai Asymmetric Autocatalytic Reaction
Authors: Hawbaker Neil , Blackmond Donna
Published: January 2018

A mechanistic rationalization is given for how asymmetric amplification is induced with fidelity in the Soai autocatalytic reaction by chiral initiators that are enantiomeric only by virtue of an isotope, e.g. – CH3 vs.CD3. A transient inhibition of the autocatalytic pathway at the outset of the reaction implicates an interaction between initiator and product initially formed in the uncatalyzed background reaction. Selectivity in formation of the product-initiator complex ultimately induces a slight enantioenrichment in the active dimer catalysts that trigger and direct the autocatalytic pathway.
Whole person medical education - moving beyond learning objectives and curriculum dot points
Authors: Koppe Hilton
Published: January 2018

In recent years, great progress has been made in teaching medical students, residents and physicians to be more patient focused in their clinical interactions.  Patient-centred medical care initially, and now whole person care, have helped to improve patient experiences of the health system, and led to better patient outcomes.Unfortunately, during this time, teaching methods have not moved forward at the same pace.  Medical education is often teacher focussed and syllabus driven.  Emphasis is put on how to pass assessment tasks and exams.  The learner as a person can be as invisible as the patient once was before the changes towards more person-centred medical care.It is time for a paradigm shift in medical education - for whole person care principles to be applied in education as they have been in clinical care.This experiential, interactive workshop will challenge participants to think about how they deliver educational material for students, residents and continued professional development.  Whole person care principles will be applied to both the planning of an educational event, and to strategies and techniques for delivery of education.  Participants will have an opportunity to practice and refine these techniques.Participants can expect to leave the workshop equipped, inspired and ready for the challenge of leading an education paradigm change within their home institution.  Or maybe they might just have a bit of fun with like-minded colleagues, thinking about new ways of teaching.
Architecture’s creative contributions to healing: oncology patients in the Cedars Cancer Centre
Authors: Pang Steph A , Adams Annmarie , Lee Virginia
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND: The present state of Evidence-Based Design (EBD), the dominant paradigm in healthcare architecture, arguably limits architecture’s creative contributions to healing. EBD is founded upon the principle of designing built environments based on research to optimize outcomes. However, EBD’s current heavy focus on measurable results may not sufficiently address the multidimensionality of patienthood. Using EBD, designers of Montreal’s new Cedars Cancer Centre endeavoured to create a patient-centered space that holistically addresses oncology patients’ needs.  PURPOSE: Using ethnographic and architectural approaches, this study evaluates whether oncology patients’ lived experiences of the Cancer Centre correspond to designers’ original qualitative intentions for a supportive, healing environment. METHODS AND RESULTS: This paper presents results from thematic analysis of annotated architectural floor plans and transcribed interviews with sixteen Cancer Centre outpatients between January and May 2017. Themes are content-analyzed and organized according to original design aims: 1) improving patient-staff relations, 2) reducing patient stress and anxiety and 3) empowering patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Our oncology design study is the first of its kind to delve into patient backstories, intertwining them with in-depth analysis of the design process and final architectural product.Our findings promote an analytical discussion about EBD and highlight new insights about oncology design and cancer patients’ spatial needs. More broadly, we propose implications for the relationship between architecture and Whole Person Care (WPC), namely: 1) drawing out architectural lessons that increase empathy towards space’s impact on illness, thus deepening health professionals’ relationships with patients, and 2) conceptualizing application of WPC principles in healthcare design.
Bringing wonder into medicine: a film-based curriculum
Authors: Gober-Park Carla Gayle , Lee Hobart , McMillan Kathy , Lozano Kris
Published: January 2018

The proposed workshop presents a film-based curriculum in whole person care.This curriculum includes one 37-minute film (A Certain Kind of Light – screened in 18 film festivals around the world) and six smaller films that are each 5-10 minutes in length, and are accompanied by a journaling process (all of which explore whole person care in medicine). These are not the traditional “teaching” films, but films developed from a more artistic/creative standpoint, for the purposes of affecting attitudes, as much as teaching skills. The workshop will include the following: Introduction: Discussion of how the film-based curriculum impacts culture change as much as personal change of the healthcare practitioner. Content: If there is not enough time to show all 7 films, we would present at least four of them to help the participant understand both philosophy and content of the films, illustrating how whole person care concepts can be taught through an aesthetic avenue to more immediately affect thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors. In addition, we will discuss the journaling process, clinical rounds, and research that accompany the film curriculum. Finally, the panel will join together in discussing how this type of mechanism contributes to culture shift within an organization. Those presenting in this workshop are those who developed, teach and conduct research on this curriculum. This curriculum is newly developed (as of 2017) and is being used in a variety of healthcare disciplines within one healthcare educational and clinical entity and has been requested by several others.
Reflective practice and the role of transformational learning in healthcare
Authors: Hovey Richard , Jordan Steven , Bedos Christophe , Rodriguez Charo , Apelian Nareg
Published: January 2018

Among possible adult learning theories, transformative learning emerged in the 1990’s with the aim to provide learners an educational experience consistent with the purpose of changing perspectives. Transformational learning theory provides the opportunity to learn, confront, engage and reflect on the possibility of learning through changes in perspective and to explore new meanings, roles, relationships and actions contained within it.Perspective transformation is, therefore, not only intended to create ownership of new knowledge, but its re-integration into new or re-configured ways of everyday living. The readiness to apply new knowledge is triggered by confronting an event, or mode of thought, that moves individuals from experiencing knowledge as a series of facts disconnected from their meaning and context into a relevant context, or one that has a different significance for the learner. New understanding requires that learners assess the meanings behind words, the coherence, truth and appropriateness of what is being communicated as well as the truthfulness, credibility and authenticity of the presenter. Unlike focusing only on instrumental learning in which logical problem solving and inquiry dominate, transformative learning entails the use of metaphor, analogies and reflective dialogue so that learners revise their interpretations of knowledge. In these ways transformative learning might help healthcare providers to change their frame of reference and perceptions to accommodate new and different ways of learning and engaging within a multidisciplinary clinical team.
It was Lauren - and she just wanted to help. Putting the human side back into the critical illness experience
Authors: Hornstein David
Published: January 2018

There’s something diabolical about Critical Illness: the illness itself is so severe, that it strips its victim of all control. Regardless of the road to it - whether by slow illness with loss of function followed by sharp decline, or by sudden brutal Trauma, the inability to move, speak, think straight, and have dignity from clothing, has to be the most terrifying and dehumanizing of experiences.But the diabolical nature of critical illness is not found there. It is found in the fact that it mandates a rapidity and Intensity of Care that by its very definition compounds the dehumanization. Even when done “nicely”, insertion of a chest tube, central line or urinary catheter, endotracheal suctioning, or any of the litany of other things we need to do are painful at the least, and injurious to the soul at the worst. It is found in that fact that Critical Illness forces very caring people to do things that injure and leave scars- when that is the farthest thing from what they wish for their charges. Finally, it is found in the very nature of the Critical Care Environment which isolates patients’ families from them, at a time when exactly the opposite may be needed. So how do we put the human connection back into Critical Care?  Impossible? A huge task? Actually, it’s a very small one; it’s the Little Things that Matter…
Dialectical behavior therapy skills training: Paving the way to healthy relationships
Authors: Lucena Ricardo
Published: January 2018

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive multiple mode cognitive-behavioral treatment. It includes weekly individual therapy, weekly group skills training, and as-needed phone coaching along with therapist consultation team meetings. DBT skills training is a central component of DBT effectiveness. Skills training programs have been reported to be effective in different populations, such as health care professionals, caregivers of the elderly, and college students. Skills training has also been effective to treat individuals with a range of mental disorders. The overall objective of the workshop is to describe a set of behavioral, cognitive and dialectical skills which can facilitate the development and maintenance of healthy relationships. Participants will be able to apply the principles of dialects, validation and behavioral analysis to their thoughts and actions; be able to develop effective communication; and find a kernel of truth in other people’s views. The skills presented are important for individuals with or without a diagnosis of mental disorder, and they can be helpful in any relationship. There are three skill sets: dialectics, validation, and behavior change strategies. Taken together, the skills focus on balancing our own priorities with the demands of others in interpersonal relationships. During the ninety-minute interactive workshop, skills will be presented alongside individual and small group exercises given by one presenter. The language of the workshop will be English, however questions can be asked in French, Spanish or Portuguese and will be answered in English.
Mindfulness group for mentally ill patients in remission
Authors: Lamarre Suzanne , Gozlan Lily , Billon Eric
Published: January 2018

For the last four years the Institut de Pleine Conscience Appliquée de Montréal (IPCAM) and the Department of Psychiatry of the St. Mary Hospital Center, an affiliated McGill Community Hospital, have been offering a weekly 140 minutes session to mentally ill patients in remission. The sessions are held outside the hospital in the institute.The objectives of the authors are:1.     To empower the Health Care Professionals (HCP) and the Expert in Mindfulness (EIM) to start such a co-op group for patients who otherwise might feel unable to discuss their mental health problems while trying to integrate mindfulness practice.2.     To describe the outlines of such a group, such as the referral forms, the expected goals for attendance, the meditation exercises and some particular aspects of the sharing periods.3.     To propose to the HCP and the EIM some practical tips in order to orient the patients in healthy habits of acceptance of themselves rather than maintaining themselves in maladaptive thoughts, emotions and behaviours. As we all know people who have had a difficult childhood could use mindfulness inadvertently for avoidance rather than acceptance.4.         Finally to share with the HCP and the EIM the enriching experience of such a co-op group for the leaders as much as for the participants.
When third spaces become therapeutic: The value of complementary therapies and the search for meaning in tertiary care cancer
Authors: Lee Virginia , Finestone Jennifer , Rossiter Helen , Reilly Rosemary
Published: January 2018

There is a side to suffering that is surprisingly resilient during times of extreme adversity.Within the context of patient-centred care, “third spaces” are public spaces that exist in-between the home and work environments that allow people to gather informally to offer support, empathy and learn from each other.With the current movement towards whole person care, patients have become increasingly vocal about the need for and the value of physical ‘third spaces” within tertiary clinical settings that provide opportunity to just be, to share, to give or to receive support. Patients who participate in meaning making workshops, yoga, creative arts therapies, or mindfulness sessions have reported the benefits of experiencing a safe place to explore difficult emotions, discover connections, and confront existential questions.  TThe MUHC Cedars CanSupport is a vital non-profit program at the McGill University Health Centre under the Cancer Care Mission’s Supportive and Palliative Care Division. A variety of complementary therapies are offered individually or in groups/workshops to cancer patients and their families as adjuvant therapies to conventional cancer treatments. These therapies aim to increase self-awareness and self-expression, and to reignite agency during times of suffering.This presentation will include testimonials to describe the unique and beneficial  experiences patients have derived from complementary therapies. The perspectives of healthcare providers, who are simultaneously facilitators, participants, and witnesses to the search for meaning, will also be explored. Taken together, these narratives can lead to further insight and innovative practices to facilitate the transformational potential for growth during deep suffering.
What is preventing dentists from providing person-centred care?
Authors: Apelian Nareg , Vergnes Jean-Noel , Hovey Richard , Bedos Christophe
Published: January 2018

Most healthcare professions have shifted the way they teach clinical approaches from a biomedical to a person-centred perspective. Yet, dentistry remains strongly anchored in a biomedical world.The objective of this project was to understand the barriers practicing dentists face to provide what we consider person-centred care. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study that comprised semi-structured interviews with dentists in private practice in the Greater Montreal area. After the analysis, we identified six barriers:•     Fear of interpersonal conflict: participants thought that engaging in genuine conversations with patients would lead to situations of disagreement and even conflicts.•     Fear of litigation: dentists considered that the legal and licensing infrastructure would judge the treatment they provide through a strict biomedical framework.•     Fear of loss of money: participants thought that providing person-centred care was more time consuming and thus financially penalizing. •    Pleasure to excel technically: some dentists did not consider offering interventions that provided less procedural pleasure than technical ones.•    Narrow interpretation of health: participants considered the biomedical dimension as the only important dimension.•    Lack of information: participants knew nothing or very little about person or patient-centred care. They seemed willing to integrate it into their practice had they had known more about it.These findings should help academic institutions to design their programs on person-centred care and respond to the fears expressed by professionals.Also, legal infrastructures must recognize the paradigm shift from the biomedical to the person-centred.
Using literature to promote reflection in medical school
Authors: Courteau Catherine , Laneuville Laurence
Published: January 2018

Background:In the last half century, literature has been increasingly recognized as beneficial to medical trainees in terms of teaching empathy, cultural competence, listening and interpretation skills, and reflecting on moral issues (Jones, A. H., 2013). Following the success of a McGill medical students reading club, a reading module was tentatively added to the McGill Physician Apprenticeship (PA) Course curriculum in 2016. This was based on the idea that literature could be used a springboard towards discussion and reflection upon issues related to health, illness and medical care. Methodology:PA groups are composed of six medical students, two senior students and a physician mentor, whose regular meetings throughout medical school are structured around suggested modules. As part of the reading module, all PA groups were encouraged to choose a novel, essay, short story or poem by the end of their academic first year. A discussion on the reading was to be held in early second year, with specific questions to be addressed in order to reflect on course objectives (e.g., patient-centered clinical approach, reflective practice, healer role). The students anonymously completed pre and post-module questionnaires to assess the module's learning and reflective value. Students’ opinions on the pertinence of renewing this pilot project in the future were also accumulated. Results:The first student cohort has completed the pre-questionnaires in spring 2017 and will be completing the post-module questionnaires in fall 2017.Therefore, at the moment of the abstract submission, we do not have preliminary results.
A novel source of patients' and families' written words to identify what they value in the doctor-patient encounter
Authors: Yaffe Mark , Hovey Richard , Rodriguez Charo
Published: January 2018

Context:  The value and desirability of a positive doctor-patient relationship has traditionally been described using case histories and narratives, and less often with formal literature, art, movies, and theatre. To the detriment of this relationship some family physicians are facing pressure to engage in volume medicine, at the possible expense of personalized care. What patients appreciate in their care is at risk of being ignored. Objective: To understand what adult patients value in the clinical encounters with their family physicians.  Design: In this research, still in progress, we have adopted an interpretive hermeneutics approach to examine a collection of over 140 cards and letters received by an academic family doctor in practice for 39 years.  Participants:  The patients or their family members who sent the aforementioned notes. Findings: Preliminary analysis suggests that correspondence is not spontaneous, but initiated at holidays (Christmas, New Years, Chanukah); life cycle events (birth, recovery from illness, death); and transitions (leaving the practice because of geographical re-location). Notes are commonly  personalized through hand-written text written on behalf of oneself and/or ones family. Showing a wide variety of word selection they expresses appreciation for family physician care of oneself or a family member that was perceived as knowledgeable bio-medically, and experienced as available, authentic, supportive, professional, compassionate, offering hope, and sensitive to suffering. Conclusions: The writing of notes to ones doctors may serve many functions: catharsis, closure, and bearing witness to patients’ appreciation of care in which Hippocratic and Asclepian traditions overlap and complement each other.
Ontological exercises to overcome mismatch diseases’ obstacles to holistic health
Authors: Rousseau Simon
Published: January 2018

The current urban environment inhabited by humans in North America reflects profound changes in its physical and social architecture that occurred more rapidly than the human biological capacity to adapt. This mismatch between self and environment can result in ailments and diseases that are physical (e.g. metabolic syndrome) and psychological (e.g. anxiety, depression). These mismatch ailments act insidiously, as their chronic/diffuse nature makes them go generally unnoticed. However, their effects are no less important on overall wellbeing and deserve attention from health professionals. The overarching hypothesis is that ontological exercises, i.e. practices that are aimed to foster a deeper understanding of the nature of being, promote holistic health to counterbalance the feeling of threat arising from the disconnect between post-modern society and the ancestral makeup of human beings. Numerous cultural practices have emphasized exercises aimed at operating transformative changes to increase wellbeing, empathy, compassion and pro-social behaviors. Ontological exercises from ancient Greeks, Buddhists and Native Americans will be explored in this context.
Strength based nursing: caring for the whole person
Authors: MacDonald Christina , Benc Renata , Buono Anna T. , Champagne Louise , Chartier Gabrielle , Cooke Andrea , Drummond Nancy , Gartshore Kim , Ehrler Antoinette , Gottlieb Laurie
Published: January 2018

Strengths-Based Nursing (SBN) is an integrated value-driven approach based on a philosophy of care to guide actions. It consists of eight values which guide nursing practice to promote care of the whole person and family.  SBN promotes empowerment, collaborative partnership, innate health and healing, authentic relationships while focusing on enhancing and developing strengths to cope with challenges and minimize, contain or circumvent that which is not working.Our poster will illustrate the basics of SBN and how it can be utilized in the promotion of whole person care.Conclusion: SBN has enlarged our perspective, broadened our skilled-know how, and opened us to new ways of caring for persons and families dealing with cancer. It has also given us insights into our nursing practices and illustrates the importance these eight values have in supporting development of whole person care.
Concept of architectural sphere spaces design for children with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: Shahmohammadian Hoda , Parashkohi Alireza Baghban
Published: January 2018

Autism is a developmental disorder of brain functions. This disorder affects many aspects of growth and development of children which causes information process occurs in different way by senses. Therefore, they overreact or showing no reaction to environment.Architectural design of educational spaces with specific characteristics of children with ASD could have a noticeable effect on increasing bodily functions which includes intellectual growth and social skills of autistic children. Architectural spaces form is an important factor in designing that causes visible effects such as child’s considerable attention at stimulants, improve visual scanning, increase the scale of visual attention moreover child focus on given exercise.This article provides solutions to designing educational spaces for children with ASD. It recommends solution in terms of spherical or hemispherical spaces design which leads to increase the sense of depth and concentration moreover increasing knowledge toward self-concept and surrounded environment in autistic children.
Comparing the Canadian Cervical Spine Rule and Radiology Confirmed Cervical Spine Injury in the Emergency Department
Authors: Arnold Ashley
Published: January 2018

In the United States and Canada, more than 13 million trauma patients are at risk for cervical spine injury (CSI). To date, providers use computerized tomography (CT) to rule out CSI in these patients. Cervical spine immobilization with the use of rigid cervical collars can be uncomfortable, delays hospital transport, and has a modest morbidity. The Canadian Cervical Spine Rule (CCR) is a screening tool used in emergency departments (ED) as a screening tool to rule out CSI to avoid unnecessary CTs. The purpose of this project is to complete a retrospective chart review to evaluate if emergency departments can apply the CCR to reduce cervical spine radiographs in the adult patient with suspected CSI. The study was a retrospective chart review, which took place at a level 2 trauma center emergency department in a community teaching hospital reviewing patient records and radiological findings in relation to the potential benefit of using the CCR in CSI assessment. The sample was a non-probability convenience sample of patients who have had a cervical spine radiograph in the ED. One hundred charts were reviewed and 60 patient records were included in the study. Of the 60 records included in the study, half met high risk criteria requiring cervical spine radiography. Of the 30 records meeting low risk criteria, only 2 charts had complete documentation including neck range of motion (ROM). One had normal ROM and one was unable to actively rotate neck. There were 8 records that documented “normal range of motion” but did not specifically note normal neck ROM. It is difficult to definitively state that 28 CTs could have been prevented, as there was inadequate neck range of motion documentation. There were no cervical spine injuries detected by CT in this study. As with previous studies, the data shows that the CCR maintains its sensitivity but has low specificity. It remains that clinicians still rely on radiology evidence to rule out CSI rather than assessment tools.
Brain drain and practice locations of Nepalese medical students
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi
Published: January 2018

No abstractJanaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 1-4
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in a 9 year old girl: A Case Report
Authors: Gautam Samaj , Pradhan Nabees , Gyawali Bidur
Published: January 2018

Background and Objectives: Chronic recurrent mutlifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an extremely rare skeletal disorder in the younger population. It presents with multifocal bony lesions that often mimic more sinister diagnoses such as neoplasm. The cause of this condition remains unknown and there is limited evidence on effective treatment.Presentation of Case: A 9-year-old girl presented to our institution with non-traumatic onset of left leg pain. After failed conservative management, radiographs and MRI were obtained exhibiting a bony lesion of the proximal tibia resembling osteomyelitis. The patient was non-responsive to antibiotics, so corticotomy and drainage was done in which only blood came out of the lesion, no pus was seen. Patient improved dramatically but again she developed similar symptoms and signs on right leg. Biopsy from left leg suggested no significant findings.Discussion: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis presents in patients with periodic fevers, bone pain and bone lesions that can develop anywhere in the body. This is a rare disease, which has been found to affect more girls than boys.Conclusion: CRMO should be considered as a differential diagnosis for chronic bone pain with affinity for the long bones of the lower extremity in children and adolescents. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 51-55
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning due to Gas Water Heater
Authors: Bista Bidesh , Manandhar Dhiraj , Mishra Rupesh , Shrestha Pradeep , Dhungel Alok
Published: January 2018

Background and Objectives: Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of injury and death due to poisoning in many parts of the world. Among numerous sources of CO, the gas water heater can be a potential under looked source causing an accidental Carbon monoxide poisoning. In the perspective of Kathmandu valley, where there are houses with small bathrooms, inadequate ventilation and absent CO detectors, gas water heaters can be extremely dangerous even if it liberates small amount of CO gas. Herein, we present a case of CO poisoning to increase awareness about the gas water heater use and the possible risk of CO poisoning in our community.Presentation of Case: A 34 years old healthy female from Patan, presented with the history of loss of consciousness for 15 minute while taking bath on a gas water heater. There was no spontaneous respiration, no cardiac activity and her body temperature was below normal.Discussion: CO is toxic to all aerobic forms to life. CO binds to hemoglobin 230 times faster than oxygen causing cellular hypoxic damage and death. CO poisoning is not uncommon in our society and many such cases are misdiagnosed for some other illness.Conclusion: Use of the gas water heaters and likelihood of CO poisoning should be notified as a public concern. People need to be aware of these hazards to prevent fatal events and likely death due to exploitation of gas water heaters. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol. 5(2): 56-59
Short voice imitation man-in-the-middle attacks on Crypto Phones: Defeating humans and machines
Authors: Shirvanian Maliheh , Saxena Nitesh , Mukhopadhyay Dibya
Published: January 2018

Establishing secure voice, video and text over Internet (VoIP) communications is a crucial task necessary to prevent eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. The traditional means of secure session establishment (e.g., those relying upon PKI or KDC) require a dedicated infrastructure and may impose unwanted trust onto third-parties. “Crypto Phones” (popular instances such as PGPfone and Zfone), in contrast, provide a purely peer-to-peer user-centric secure mechanism claiming to completely address the problem of wiretapping. The secure association mechanism in Crypto Phones is based on cryptographic protocols employing Short Authenticated Strings (SAS) validated over the voice medium.

The security of Crypto Phones crucially relies on the assumption that the voice channel, over which SAS is validated, provides the properties of integrity and source authentication. In this paper, we challenge this assumption, and report on automated SAS voice imitation man-in-the-middle attacks that can compromise the security of Crypto Phones in both two-party and multi-party settings, even if users pay due diligence and even if an automated software ( voice biometrics systems) is used to detect voice manipulation.

The first attack, called the short voice reordering attack, builds arbitrary SAS strings in a victim’s voice by reordering previously eavesdropped SAS strings spoken by the victim. The second attack, called the short voice morphing attack, builds arbitrary SAS strings in a victim’s voice from a few previously eavesdropped sentences (less than 3 minutes) spoken by the victim. We design and implement our attacks using off-the-shelf speech recognition/synthesis tools, and comprehensively evaluate them with respect to both manual detection (based on a user study with 30 participants) and automated detection via a speaker verification tool. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our attacks against three prominent forms of SAS encodings: numbers, PGP word lists and Madlib sentences. These attacks can be used by a wiretapper to compromise the confidentiality and privacy of Crypto Phones voice, video and text communications (plus authenticity in case of text conversations).
Immigration et présence étrangère. Le rapport SOPEMI France de 1984 à 1986
Authors: Lebon André
Published: January 2018

Le "SOPEMI" nouveau est arrivé. Chaque année 3 l'O.C.D.E. publie un document de synthèse reprenant l'essentiel des contributions apportées par chaque Etat membre au "système d'observation permanente des migrations".

Le rapport fourni par la France qui vient d'être rendu public déborde les limites de la seule année 1985 en présentant les faits et les chiffres relatifs à l'immigration et la présence étrangère de 1984 à 1986.

Nous ne pouvons matériellement en reproduire la totalité en un seul numéro. Nous avons donc choisi d'en répartir la publication en plusieurs fois.

Nous commencerons par les données chiffrées fondamentales relatives à ce que les statisticiens appellent les stocks, estimation du nombre des étrangers présents en France et les flux, ou entrées.

Nous aborderons la prochaine fois cet autre aspect des flux que constituent les sorties ainsi que les caractéristiques de la population active, du chômage des étrangers et des transferts de fonds liés à la présence étrangère.

Enfin , le SOPEMI 1985 comporte un ensemble d'informations sur les naturalisations et la démographie auxquelles le débat sur la nationalité confère un regain d'intérêt et d'actualité. Nous y reviendrons également.
Le logement des familles immigrées. L'incertitude des politiques d'attribution
Authors: Hauser Jacques
Published: January 2018

Afin de changer leur image de marque s les H.L.M. ont entrepris une vaste campagne d'information et d'affichage qui tend à donner une autre idée du logement social, enfin débarrassé de son misérabilisme, de l'anonymat des grands ensembles, voire de ses immigrés...

On peut sans doute construire autrement mais faut-il loger autrement et renoncer aux politiques d'attribution des logements sociaux qui favorisaient le brassage social ? Faut-il mettre celui-ci en accusation parce qu'il aurait abouti à l' inverse de ce qu'il recherchait ? Et les banlieues ouvrières de naguère se seraient-elles muées en nids d'intolérance ?

Vraies ou fausses questions ? Bonnes ou mauvaises réponses ? On en est encore à l'incertitude... mais c'est bien aujourd'hui qu'il faut construire la France de demain.
La dimension sociale et culturelle des pratiques alimentaires
Authors: Mabe Brigitte
Published: January 2018

Depuis 1979, Migrations-Santé (Comité Médico-Social pour la Santé des Migrants) a inscrit le thème de l'alimentation dans le champ de sa réflexion et de son action.

Parce que, bien sûr, on ne peut pas négliger le rôle majeur de l' alimentation (de la diététique) dans la préservation de la santé physique, mais aussi parce que les pratiques alimentaires, dans leur dimension sociale et culturelle, sont un bon indicateur de la dynamique du changement culturelle. Or, la façon dont celui-ci se négocie a des retentissements certains sur la santé, au sens le plus large du terme (bien-être physique, mental et social).
A Lille et dans la région du Nord. La seconde génération entre en faculté
Authors: Zeroulou Zaihia
Published: January 2018

Alors que l'on n'entend parler le plus souvent que de l'échec scolaire des enfants d'immigrés, il était intéressant d'y regarder de plus près et d'examiner aussi les cas de réussite.

C'est dans cet esprit que Zahia Zeroulou, chercheur au C.N.R.S. et membre de l'OMINOR, a étudié les conditions dans lesquelles un nombre non négligeable d'enfants d'immigrés sont parvenus à accéder à l' enseignement supérieur.

Elle a bien voulu résumer pour nous ses recherches qui portent plus précisément sur les familles immigrées maghrébines dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

Sa contribution s'appuie sur les matériaux recueillis dans le cadre d'une thèse de 3ème cycle "Mobilisations familiales et conditions de scolarisation des enfants : le cas de l'immigration algérienne", soutenue à l' Université de Lille I en 1985 .
Attraits et limites de l'interculturel. Réflexions sur une notion mal définie
Authors: Ajili Hamadi
Published: January 2018

L' association CLAPEST, de Strasbourg , avait organisé les 18 et 19 mars dernier, un colloque consacré aux enfants de l' immigration et la réussite scolaire.

Le colloque a réuni une assistance nombreuse et attentive qui avait été largement associée, en amont, à sa préparation.

Parmi les nombreux documents fournis aux participants et en attendant la publication des Actes reprenant l'ensemble des interventions, nous donnons ci-dessous le texte relatif à la interculturel, rédigé par M . Hammadi Ajili, animateur du CLAPEST et coordinateur du colloque.