bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life Score in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease using CLO Questionnaire
Authors: Muhammad Niaz , Rafi Kashif , Nadeem Hassan , Omer Farooq Muhammad , Ullah Asmat , Jabbar Sadia
Published: January 2022

Aim: To determine the quality of life score in patients with chronic liver disease using CLO questionnaire. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore during from 14-June-2016to 15-December-2016. Methodology: 180 consecutive patients of chronic liver disease were selected after taking Informed consent. The diagnosis was confirmed according to the data of clinical, biochemical examinations and the results of percutaneous liver biopsy data in some selected cases. All patients were subjected to exam, LFT's, RFT's and CBC, ultrasound abdomen, esophagogastroscopy which were enrolled in this study. Anti HCV, HBsAg, ferritin, Cerruloplasmin and Autoimmune profile, was done to establish the etiology. Severity of liver disease was estimated by Child-Pugh Score (Annexed). The chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was applied as the instrument for measuring quality of life. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.28±7.26 years. Majority of the patients were male as there frequency was 142 (78.9%). 127 (70.60 %) cases were found to be having a child pugh grade c severity of disease. Mean quality of life score was 16.3±5.88. Mean quality of life score in males was 16.21±6.21 while in female was 16.63±4.48. Similarly the mean quality of life score in child pugh class B was 13.77±4.58 and in child pugh class C was 17.35±6.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that the quality of life was bad in the patients who had child pugh class C as compared to those who had class B. Keywords: Quality of Life, Chronic Liver Disease, Cirrhosis
Problems of Medical Education in Pakistan
Authors: Imtiaz Mavra , Farooq Rabbia , Munir M Asif
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim: As the new millennium dawned, there were numerous difficulties to overcome, particularly in the field of health education. As the first line of defence against many diseases, oral health was given prime consideration. The study's primary goal is to identify the challenges faced by Pakistan's medical education system. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and Duration: Department of Medical Education CMH Institute of Medical Sciences, Bahawalpur during from September 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: The data was collected from 200 participants of different age groups from FSc to Ist year of medical colleges. We wish to examine the difficulties that students and their families faced at the beginning and during their medical education in Pakistan. Results: A total of 200 people were surveyed. Interviews were performed with each and every one of the individuals who had been shortlisted. We then come across the following issues that students and their families faced while pursuing medical degrees in Pakistan. The mainstay of education at the undergraduate and graduate levels is the standardisation of instruction. Lectures are considered to be the most efficient method of delivering information to students, as they need minimal engagement from the students. Conclusion: Medical educationists, teachers, administrators, and policymakers in poor nations should endeavour to transform the adversary of difficulties into a chance to construct excellent learning programmes. Perhaps it will lead to new pathways of lear. Keywords: Medical Education, Teaching Methodology, Problems
Results of Platelet Rich Plasma Injection in Chronic Lateral Humeral Epicondylar Tendinopathy
Authors: Shahid Subhan , Abubakar Muhammad , Abdul Sattar Rehan , Hasan Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Background: Lateral humeral epicondylitis or tennis elbow is one of the commonest causes of pain around elbow. Platelet rich plasma is a stimulant for repair in various tendinopathies. Previous studies have suggested platelet rich plasma as a safe & effective treatment option in tennis elbow. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy in terms of relief of pain& functional improvement after PRP injection in patients with chronic tennis elbow. Materials & Method: The trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in 70 patients over a period of 2 years.3ml of PRP was injected in & around the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis. Pain relief & functional improvement were assessed using visual analogue scale q-DASH scale at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months & 1 year. Results: The mean Nirshl pain score & q-DASH started improving after 02 weeks but significant improvement was seen after 3 months & pain decreased continuously for up to 1 year (p<0.0001). Conclusion: PRP offers a significant pain relief & functional improvement from 3 months to 1 year after injection. Keywords: Lateral epicondylar tendinopathy, platelet rich plasma
Does the Mundell-Fleming Model Apply to Malaysia's Output?
Authors: Yu Hsing
Published: January 2022

Based on an extended Mundell-Fleming model, this paper finds that both fiscal expansion and monetary expansion raise output in Malaysia and that a lower real interest rate, a higher stock value, a lower real oil price and a lower expected inflation rate increase output. Hence, a managed floating system with no predetermined path of the exchange rate adopted by Malaysia may lead to better outcomes than the predictions of the Mundell- Fleming model that fiscal expansion does not raise output under a floating exchange rate but increases output under a fixed exchange rate whereas monetary expansion increases output under a floating exchange rate but does not affect output under a fixed exchange rate (Mankiw, 2019).
Logistics optimization through smartphone application in operations for food distribution
Authors: Phuoc Nguyen Van  , Valerie Fabiano
Published: January 2022

The rise of smartphones has resulted in extensive marketing studies over several years. Nonetheless, there has been minimal research into the impact of smartphones on consumer logistical practices. The goal of this research, which is based on consumer logistics, is to gain a better understanding of the impact of smartphone usage by employing a case study of supermarket shoppers while they buy for food. Such smartphone usage is still minor, and ﬁction has thus emerged as the preferred approach for anticipating future use, which depict two hypothetical supermarket universes. They will allow us to identify the drivers of managerial activity and bring to light the precise stakes in the growth of consumer logistical practices.
Editorial Foreword
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian
Published: January 2022

Volume 9, issue no. 1 (2017) of Revista Română pentru Studii Baltice şi Nordice / The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies (RRSBN) is divided into three main parts. The first part deals with the Swedish perception of East-Central European 20th Century developments. The article bearing the signature of Paweł Jaworski of the University of Wrocław tackles the first two months Solidarność as seen from the perspective of the Swedish press. A very innovative article it details the imagology of the set up and evolution of the syndicate and investigates how the relations between this emerging independent civil society and the Communist Party evolved. The article corroborates press analysis with international relations and bilateral relations between Poland and Sweden and shows their impact on the rather privileged status enjoyed by Swedish journalists in the Communist country. The second article by Alin-Marian Dudoi focuses on Gustav Bolinder and Arvid Fredborg’s accounts of Transylvania at the end of World War II. Although the original Swedish books and their significance have already been investigated by some authors, the article looks at their perspectives in relation to the Romanian national credo and adopts the stand of the former which supported the claim that Transylvania should belong to Romania mostly based on ethnography.
Norwegian studies at “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi
Authors: Leon Crina
Published: January 2022

Norwegian is considered an exotic language in Romania. However, starting with the 1990s it has been a constant interest in studying this Scandinavian language, be it for a future career, for further studies in Norway, for finding a better paid job or simply as a hobby. At the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi, the first Norwegian courses started in the academic year 2005-2006 when a language course was included in the Master’s program “German Culture in a European Context” and when Norwegian also started to be taught at the Centre of Foreign Languages of the university for anyone interested. Afterwards, the first elective courses of Norwegian were introduced for all the students of the university in 2011. Therefore, the present article is meant to show the development of Norwegian studies at the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iaşi starting with the academic year 2011-2012 and up to 2017.
Baltic studies in Romania: sources, beginnings and perspectives
Authors: Miloiu Silviu-Marian
Published: January 2022

This article analyses the beginnings, development and prospect of Baltic studies in Romania. The article stands on three pillars. It starts with an investigation on the main sources of Romanian knowledge of the Baltic region and sorts out the way they have been represented in the Romanian mental images. Throughout the analysis, knowledge of each other is bonded to the concepts of memory and history based on the assumption that the largest part of our knowledge derives from remembering, this being applicable even in the high sphere of international relations. This theoretical framework is sampled to the case-study of Romania’s knowledge of Baltic area assessing the medieval, modern and 20th century legacy of the Romanian encounters with the Baltic States discovering that, although the distance between Suceava, the medieval capital of Moldova, and Vilnius is less than 1,000 km. (or 600 miles) and the Principality of Moldova of Stephen the Great neighbored the state of Jagiellonians, in most cases, the legacy of the relations between Romanians and Baltic nations played little role in feeding a sense of solidarity or complementarity between these nations. This pattern is now challenged by courses on Baltic and Nordic studies taught at Valahia University of Târgoviște and the activity of the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies, which joins the efforts of scholars from various Romanian institutes and universities, especially from Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest, Constanța and Târgoviște. The analysis of these endeavors, the other two pillars of this article, brings forth educational, scholarly, editorial and dissemination efforts designed to change the perspective of the Romanian public in this respect.
The identities of the Catholic communities in the 18th century Wallachia
Authors: Ciocîltan Alexandru
Published: January 2022

The Catholic communities in the 18th century Wallachia although belonging to the same denomination are diverse by language, ethnic origin and historical evolution. The oldest community was founded in Câmpulung in the second half of the 13th century by Transylvanian Saxons. At the beginning of the 17th century the Saxons lost their mother tongue and adopted the Romanian as colloquial language. Other communities were founded by Catholic Bulgarians who crossed the Danube in 1688, after the defeat of their rebellion by the Ottomans. The refugees came from four market-towns of north-western Bulgaria: Čiprovci, Kopilovci, Železna and Klisura. The Paulicians, a distinct group of Catholics from Bulgaria, settled north of the Danube during the 17th and 18th centuries. The homeland of this group was the Nikopolis region. Their ancestors, adherents of a medieval heresy, had been converted by Franciscans friars. Bucharest, the capital city of Wallachia, housed a composite Catholic community of distinct origins, which came into being during the last quarter of the 17th century. In this community the Catholic Armenians became predominant by the mid-18th century. The main object of our study is the history of the Catholic communities in a predominant Orthodox country under Ottoman rule.
ԱՎԱՆԴՈՒՅԹՆԵՐԻ ԵՎ ՍԻՄՎՈԼՆԵՐԻ ԳՈՐԾԱՌՈՒՅԹՆԵՐԸ ԱՆՁԻ ԱՐԺԵՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳԻ ՁԵՎԱՎՈՐՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ. ԷԹՆՈ-ՀՈԳԵԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ԱԿՆԱՐԿ/ FUNCTIONAL REVIEW OF TRADITIONS AND SYMBOLS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF PERSON’S VALUE SYSTEM. ETHNO-PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW/ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ОБЗОР ТРАДИЦИЙ И СИМВОЛОВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ. ЭТНО-ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР
Authors: Hakobyan Naira , Poghosyan Vazgen , Khachatryan Anna
Published: January 2022

This article studies some peculiarities of value formation. A brief review of the socio-psychological research is also presented. Special attention is paid to the values from the point of view of social relationships’ formation. The given article also touches upon the role and significance of traditions and symbols in the context of values formation. Also, the main functions of tradition important for sociable norms and behavior conservation are outlined.
ԿՈՆՖԼԻԿՏՆԵՐԻ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ԱՌԱՆՁՆԱՀԱՏԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ԾԱՌԱՅՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԿԱՐԳՈՒՄ (ՀՀ ԱԻՆ ՕՐԻՆԱԿՈՎ)/FEATURES OF CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SERVICE SYSTEM (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE MINISTRY OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA)/ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КОНФЛИКТАМИ В СИСТЕМЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МИНИСТЕРСТВА ПО ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫМ СИТУАЦИЯМ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ)
Authors: Avetisyan Lilya , Galoyan Shushanik
Published: January 2022

The article presents the research results aimed at studying features of conflict management in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia in order to identify issues of conflict resolution and improve the conflict management in the public service system. The objectives of this research were to: analyze the international experience of conflict management in the public service system, study the conflict management process in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Armenia, identify existing problems and propose ways to solve them.
The research object is public service in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia, and the research subject is peculiarities and problems of conflict management, as well as possibilities of introducing best international practices to overcome them in the public service system of the Republic of Armenia.
The research results have practical significance and can be used in the public service system of the RA, in particular, in the conflict management process in the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the RA, contributing to increase the efficiency of the Ministry's activities.
ՏԵՂԵԿԱՏՎԱԿԱՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿՐԹՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԱՐԴԱԲԱՆԱԿԱՆ ՀԵՏԵՎԱՆՔՆԵՐԸ/THE ANTHROPLOGICAL CONSEQUNECES OF INFORMATION CIVILIZATION/ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Manukyan Yeranuhi
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the modern trends of information civilization and the deep reestablishment of quantitative information flow. The analysis is based on the theoretical and practical conclusions made by prominent researchers of the field. It is worth to mention that those conclusions are somewhat biased and as a matter of fact the article attempts to solve that issue as well.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN DI ERA SOCIETY 5.0
Authors: Ansani  , Achmad Abubakar  , Muhsin Mahfudz
Published: January 2022

This article aims to examine the implementation of the value of religious moderation in the perspective of the Al-Quran in the era of era society 5.0. Religious moderation in the era Society 5.0. era provides religious narratives that are free of access through technology that is often used by certain groups to make religion an aspiration by imposing that is far from tolerant and fair. Therefore, religious moderation is the basis for strengthening religious understanding in era society 5.0, which needs to have characteristics in accordance with the values ​​of the Al-Quran  by strengthen religious understanding that is moderate, tolerant and compassionate. The method used in this research is a qualitative method that uses library research as its approach. The research sources used were obtained from various scientific sources, namely books, journal articles, and various other sources related with research studies. Furthermore, with data analysis techniques in the form of descriptive-analytic, the researcher will analyze the data encounters before presenting it. Readers in the midst of a multicultural society. From the results of the study it was found that there are several moderating values ​​in Al   The Al-Quran as a reference that needs to be implemented in the era society 5.0. era to create peace in life in the era society 5.0, era, namely a. fostering the value of balance and justice, b. maintain the value of religious tolerance c . maintain the value of religious harmony d. Spread the value of love.
MOĞOLLUKTAN TÜRKLÜĞE KONGURATLAR
Authors: HATUNOĞLU Nurettin
Published: January 2022

ÖZET

Türk tarihinde birleşme ya da ayrılma yoluyla yeni boy oluşumlarına sıkça rastlamak mümkündür. Bu durum Türklerin sosyal yaşamlarının bir sonucudur. Günümüzde de değişik coğrafyalarda farklı isimler ile kurulmuş Türk devletlerini görmek mümkündür. Türklerin yakın ilişkide bulunduğu ve kültürel açıdan benzerlikler taşıdığı Moğolların, Cengiz Han döneminde büyük bir imparatorluk kurması ve Türk topraklarını işgal etmesi bir süre sonra Moğolların Türkleşmesi ile neticelenmiştir. Bu süreçte yeni boylar ortaya çıktığı gibi, aslen Moğol olup Türkleşenler de vardır. Konguratlar, Cengiz ile birlikte gelip Deşt-i Kıpçak bölgesinde Türkleşen ve daha sonra Maveraünnehir bölgesine gelerek Özbek halkını meydana getiren topluluklardan biridir.

Cengiz Han’dan daha önce de var olduğu bilinen ve kökü Ergenekon destanına kadar giden Konguratların mitsel tarihlerinden başlayarak, Cengiz Han ile annesi ve eşi üzerinden kurdukları akrabalık bağları ile şekillenen konumları, Hive Hanlığında iktidarı ele geçirmeleri ve günümüzdeki durumları üzerinden, Konguratların geçirmiş olduğu tarihi süreç bir bütün olarak ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu süreçte Kongurat boy isminin birçok diğer boy ismi gibi günümüzde ayrı bir siyasi yapı meydana getirebilmiş Özbek, Kazak, Karakalpak v.b halklar arasında görülmesinin tarihsel sebepleri de Konguratlar üzerinden ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Çalışmada farklı bölgelerde yaşamış olsalar da Konguratlar bir bütün olarak ele alınmış, oldukça uzun olan tarihlerinin dönüm noktaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma ortaya konmaya çalışılırken farklı dildeki birincil elden kaynaklar ve onların yardımı ile hazırlanan telif eserlerden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca günümüzdeki durumları ile ilgili kişisel gözlem ve tespitlere de yer verilerek konunun güncelliğine katkıda bulunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
WAS THERE ANTIQUITIES LAW AND REGULATIONS BEFORE THE ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NIZÂMNÂME OF 1869?
Authors: ÇELİK Cemil
Published: January 2022

This article aims to address the question of law, administrative rules and custom concerning the antiquities in Ottoman territory in the period before the 13th of February 1869 when the “Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme,” came into force, which has repeatedly been said to be the Ottoman state’s first regulation of archaeological resources, if this is not said in respect to that promulgated in 1874, or even that of 1884, which has repeatedly been the case in the modern works on this subject published over the past thirty years. The resources employed in this research include previously unpublished Ottoman archival material concerning antiquities, addressing the matter of Ottoman antiquities regulations, as there are Ottoman Emirnâme, and administrative regulations, that include the forbidding of the export of antiquities from Ottoman territory, and placing limits upon foreign antiquarian research and on digging/excavation at ancient sites, as elsewhere in Ottoman territory in the period before 1869. The regulation of 1869 simply codified the earlier legal administrative practice concerning antiquities. For example, on the 30th of August, 1852, Edhem Paşa, was warned that care should be taken to prevent the selling of antiquities to foreigners; in a document dated 4th of May, 1865, it is seen that certain rules should be followed in excavation permits related to historical artifacts in the Ottoman State. The evidence from non-Ottoman sources clearly shows that Ottoman law, rule and custom forbidding the export of antiquities without explicit permission was certainly in force in the 17th century, more than two centuries before the era of Tanzimat. In 1623 the English ambassador to the Porte stated there was at that time, both law and custom forbidding the removal of antiquities from Ottoman territory. In consequence, the ambassador stated that secrecy and bribery were to be employed to remove antiquities from Ottoman territory. These same methods were likewise advised in publications of the the 18th and 19th centuries. This article suggests that a reason for the repeated emphasis in the modern literature upon the Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme of 1869, of 1874 and of 1884, is that this serves in effect to legalize a rather large quantity of antiquities that were removed illegally, through secrecy and bribery, without permission, from Ottoman territory in the period before 1869 which are today in a wide variety of museums and collections abroad.
ANTALYA’DA EVLİLİK VE BOŞANMA (1918-1919)
Authors: DURGUN Hatice
Published: January 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nde nikâhların kadıdan alınan izinname ile kıyılması esas olmasına rağmen, buna her zaman riayet edilmemiş ve izinsiz kıyılan nikâhlarla ilgili davalarda mahkemenin işi zorlaşmıştır. Hâkimden izinname almadan kıyılan nikâhlarda yaşanan suiistimalleri önleyebilmek için Osmanlı Devleti’nde 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru nikâh akitleri daha sıkı denetlenmeye başlanmıştı. Bundaki en önemli amaçlardan biri akitlerde çiftlerin evlenirken kayıtlara geçirilen kimlik bilgileri, mehir, şahit, vekil ve varsa şartlara dair verilen bilgilerin, zaman içerisinde çiftler arasında görülmesi muhtemel hukukî işlemlere de mesnet teşkil etmesiydi. Bu sayede kadının haklarının güvence altına alınarak mağduriyet yaşamaları engellenmeye çalışılmıştı.

Devlet bir taraftan evlilik akitleri üzerinde bu şekilde denetimini arttırmaya çalışırken öte yandan evliliği, dolayısıyla doğurganlığı özendirici bir nüfus politikası gütmekteydi. Özellikle Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda yaşanan nüfus kayıplarının telafisi için doğumlar, dolayısıyla evlilikler devlet tarafından teşvik edilirken bir taraftan da tüm Osmanlı tebaasının evlilik ve boşanma işlemlerinin düzenlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar hızlandı. Savaşlar nedeniyle şehit sayısındaki artış ve birçok askerin yaşamından haber alınamaması, geride kalan nafakadan mahrum ailenin hayatını idame ettirebilmesi ve kadının yeniden evlenebilmesi önündeki en büyük engellerden biriydi. Zira kadı sicilleri askere giden eşlerinden haber alamayan veya şehit olduklarını ispat etmeye yönelik, çok sayıda kadının açtığı dava ile doludur. İşte hem savaş ortamının aile teşekkülü ve dağılması üzerine getirdiği yükün azaltılabilmesi, hem de evlilik ve boşanmaların daha sistemli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmesi, 1917 yılında Hukuk-ı Aile Kararnamesi’nin çıkarılma gerekçelerinden biri olmuştu. Bu makale Kararname’nin yürürlüğe girmesinin ardından Antalya’da Kararname hükümleri gereğince tutulan evlilik ve boşanma kayıtlarının incelenmesini konu almaktadır.
KAZAKİSTAN’DA 1930-1932 BÜYÜK KITLIĞIN NEDENLERİ: KASIT MI, KAZA MI?
Authors: TEĞİN Emre
Published: January 2022

1927 yılında SSCB’deki mutlak iktidarı ele geçiren J.Stalin, sosyal, politik ve ekonomik hızlı kalkınma ve ilerleme hedefini yürürlüğe koymuştur. ‘Sovyet İnsanı’, Kolektifleşme, Endüstrileşme ve I.Beş Yıllık Kalkınma planı birbirini takip ederken, Lenin dönemi uygulamaları olan NEP ve Yerelleşme/Korenizatsiya hızlı bir şekilde terk edilmiştir. Kapitalizmi en hızlı şekilde yakalamayı düşünen Stalin, Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı ile tahıl bazlı tarımı, kolektif çiftliklerle de sanayiyi beslemeyi ve kalkındırmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu amaçla Ukrayna, Volga Bölgesi, Kuzey Kafkasya, Kazakistan ve Batı Sibirya tarım alanı ilan edilerek kolhoz ve sovhozlarla devletleştirme süreci gerçekleştirmiştir. Ancak 1928’de uygulanmaya başlayan 1. Beş Yıllık Planı’nın tam ortasında bu beş bölgede çok büyük bir kıtlık meydana gelmiş, milyonlarca insan yaşamını yitirmiştir. Farklı bölgelerde ‘Holodomor’, ‘Büyük Kıtlık’, ‘Kızıl Kıtlık’ gibi isimlerle anılan bu süreç, Stalin dönemi araştırmacıları tarafından ‘Büyük Terör’ dönemi baskı politikalarından biri olarak ele alınmış, hatta kıtlığın suni olarak yaratıldığı ve Stalin’in ‘Büyük Köylü Savaşı’nı başlattığı sıkça dile getirilmiştir. Özellikle Türkiye’de konuya ilişkin yapılan çalışmalarda büyük kıtlık dönemi, Kazakistan’da yaşamını yitirenlerin sayısına odaklanarak sıkça kasıtlı ‘suni kıtlık’ söylemleri üzerinden geliştirilmiştir. Birbirini tekrar eden bu söylemler Büyük Kıtlığın nedenlerinin anlaşılamamasına ve Kazakistan’daki trajedinin yarattığı sonuçların ortaya koyulamamasına neden olmuştur. Halbuki bu dönem Kazakistan tarihine damga vurmuş ve etkisini bugün dahi hissettiren sonuçlarıyla nedenleri arasındaki köprüler daha sağlam kurularak incelenmesi gereken bir süreç olmuştur. Çalışmada döneme ilişkin Rus, Kazak ve İngiliz arşivleri kullanılarak büyük kıtlığın nedenleri sosyal, iklimsel, politik ve ekonomik açıdan ele alınarak ve konuya ilişkin farklı teoriler karşılaştırarak kıtlığın suni bir süreç mi, yoksa sovyet politikalarının istenmeyen bir sonucu mu olduğu incelenmiştir.
TÜRK/MOĞOL DEVLET VE TOPLUM TÖRESİNDE LEVİRAT EVLİLİKLER VE UYGULAMA ESASLARI
Authors: KÜTÜK Ahmet
Published: January 2022

Tarihte bozkır karakterli halkların gelenek ve yaşam biçimleri diğer topluluklara kıyasla değişime daha dirençli bir yapı arz etmiştir. Bu halklar yaşam tarzları, kültürleri ve geleneklerini töre/yasa adı altında bir sözlü anayasa gibi uzun süre muhafaza etmişlerdir. Bu yaşam tarzından beslenen Türk/Moğol uluslarında evlenme pratikleri de aynı şekilde yaşatılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, sıra dışı bir uygulama olarak levirat evlilikler katı gelenekçi bir anlayışla sürdürülmüş, fetihçi bir anlayışa sahip olan bu uluslar eliyle farklı coğrafyalara taşınmıştır. Hem devlet hem halk nezdinde gerçekleşen bu evlilikler, ölen erkeğin ardından onun yakın akrabalarından birinin (kardeş, evlat, yeğen vs.) dul kalan eşle evlenmesi esasına dayanmaktadır. Uygulama mantığı açısından değerlendirildiğinde bu tip evliliklerin, ailenin ve mirasın bölünmemesi, dul kalan kadının ve yetim kalan çocukların sahipsizlik ve çaresizlik duygusunu yaşamamaları gibi duygusal durumlar dışında siyaseten güç devşirme, meşruiyet kazanma gibi amaçlarla da gerçekleştirildiği söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada farklı zamanlarda, farklı coğrafyalarda hüküm sürmüş olan bozkır karakterli Türk/Moğol ulusları arasındaki levirat evlilik örnekleri anlatılacak, bu örnekler üzerinden geleneğin mantığı ve temel esasları tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Green journalism and global environment
Authors: Chakraborty Nandini , Basu Tapati
Published: January 2022

The study aims to determine, that, media coverage is important to influence people for environmental awareness and taking action in the cases of environmental protection. Primary data analysis has done for graphical representation of data. Research shows that, a large number of respondents agreed that, media coverage can generate awareness to environmental issues and disaster management. So, from the statistical analysis, we can say that green journalism and  environmental Journalists, as well as mass media are playing a vital role to protect the environment. Media has uncommon occasions to gain the societies and policy makers the value of biodiversity in giving financial and ecological services and thereby promote its conservation, sustainable use and impartial sharing of benefits.
Inquiry-Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Dasar Pada Pelajaran Tindakan Keperawatan
Authors: Safitri Diana
Published: January 2022

In the Millennial era, learning should prioritize learning based on student-centered approaches based on self-direct learning, namely the Inquiry-based learning (IBL) model. This model is expected to enable students to apply self-direct learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of learning in Nursing Action Basic Skills Subjects for Patient Bed Preparation, to determine the application of the IBL model, and to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in the 2021/2022 academic year. This research is classroom action research using cycles. The final result of this research is that the implementation of learning with the Inquiry-based learning model gives an excellent impression for students, with a percentage of 70% of the questionnaires, while the learning outcomes in the first cycle with 77% completeness and in the second cycle with 100% completeness. The percentage increase in learning outcomes from each cycle is 15.7% in the first cycle and 11.6% in the second cycle.
Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pelajaran Administrasi Jaringan
Authors: Ardian Prasetyo Wira
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the increase in student activity and learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research is classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles. The method of data collection was carried out through observation. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the test results in cycle 1 and cycle 2 with descriptive techniques after implementing the learning method using the Problem Based Learning model. Students' activeness can be seen from the aspect of students who give full attention to the material, dare to ask the teacher, answer questions, and have opinions. In addition, students also collaborate in groups, work on questions, learn to use resources, and make group presentations. This study indicates that the learning outcomes and learning activities of class XII students of SMK PUSTEK BSD, South Tangerang City, Banten Province, in the Basic Network Administration subject have increased.
Penanaman Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Kedisiplinan Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Umi Hanik Elya , Nur Hanifah Afnan , Istiqomah Nalimatul , Trisnawati Wahyu , Syifa Layyinatus
Published: January 2022

Students must be able to improve academic results and character. Therefore, teachers have a vital responsibility in instilling discipline in their students. This writing aims to learn about implementing the inculcation of disciplinary character values in improving student learning outcomes. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This study collected data through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data collection was carried out in discussion forums with foundations, principals, and teachers to obtain information about applying discipline character values in improving student learning outcomes with various school policies at Al-Masoem Elementary School through a question-and-answer process. To explain the process of instilling disciplinary character values that can improve student learning outcomes. The population of this study was students and educators of SD AL-Ma'soem. The study results concluded that the values of disciplined characters were obtained consistently through time and materials that could help students achieve their potential. This study is inseparable from the teacher's responsibility in developing student character through life habits, discipline, attitudes, behavior, and ethics. Thus, the availability of this paper is believed to be able to instill discipline in children, improve learning outcomes.
Hak Sipil dan Politik Kaum Marginal: Upaya dan Perjuangan Kelompok Transpuan di Kota Pangkalpinang
Authors: Embun Balqis Fabiancha
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe how the Civil and Political Rights of the Transpuan group in Pangkalpinang City fulfill the Civil and Political Rights and to describe the efforts made by the group in fighting for civil and political rights as citizens. The primary data sources used were observations and in-depth interviews with Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City regarding the class struggle of the Transpuan group in Pangkalpinang City as marginal groups. At the same time, the secondary data are books, journals, theses from previous research, and internet sources relevant and related to the research focus. The research subjects who will be informants are Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City, Transpuan from Pangkalpinang City and its surroundings, and Transpuan from outside the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The results of this study state that the fulfillment of the civil rights of Transpuan in Pangkalpinang City by the government has not been fully implemented.
Pola Budaya Politik Masyarakat Pendatang: Studi Pada Orang Palembang di Kota Pangkalpinang
Authors: Dewantara Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The pattern of political culture is the pattern of people's behavior in the life of the state, nation, state administration, government politics, and the law carried out by the whole community every day. One of these political cultures is influenced by immigrant communities living in one area. This study aims to determine the cultural patterns of the immigrant community, especially the Palembang people in Pangkalpinang City, which are cognitive, affective, and evaluative oriented. Knowing the immigrant community's cultural way in Pangkalpinang City will produce conclusions and prove that the immigrant community (Palembang people) carries out the pattern of political culture in Pangkalpinang City.
Some New Additions of Angiosperms for Chhattisgarh
Authors: Tiwari Arjun
Published: January 2022

Crotalaria pallida Aiton, Hibiscus beddomei Rakshit & Kundu, Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & Wood, Nervilia prainiana (King & Pantl.) Seidenf., Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott, Sauromatum pedatum (Willd.) Schott, Solanum viarum Dunal, Soliva anthemifolia (A. Juss.) R. Br. and Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson are reported as new records for the Chhattisgarh state.
Salient Features in the Biology of Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Talwar Neelima
Published: January 2022

Observations on the biology of 11 species namely Curculio c-album (Fab.), Curculio ficusi Pajni & Singh, Indocurculio minutus Pajni et al, Barioscapus cordiae (Mshl.), Apotomorrhinus cribratus Sch., Apion (Thymapion) majorinum Fst., Acallopistus sp., Tanymecus indicus Fst., Hypera postica (Gyll.), Myllocerus undecimpustulatus maculosu Desb., Sitophilus rugicollis casey, belonging to 8 subfamilies of family Curculionidae have revealed highly variable annual cycles, differences in stage of diapause, number of generations and the habitat of the larvae. The adult beetles, however, are always external feeders.
New Records of Graphidaceous Lichens from Western Ghats, India
Authors: Biju H. , Bagool R. , Nayaka Sanjeeva
Published: January 2022

Six lichen species belonging to the family Graphidaceae namely Graphis malacodes Nyl., Graphis proserpens Vain., Hemithecium aphaneomicrosporum Makhija & Adawadkar, Hemithecium lamii (Redgr.) V. Tewari & Upreti, Pallidogramme chlorocarpoides (Nyl.) Staiger & al. and Phaeographis divaricoides Räsänen are described as new additions to the lichen flora of Western Ghats. Chemical studies were carried out by thin layer chromatography using Merk F254 precoated silica gel aluminium plates and B.D.A. solvent systems.
Assessment of Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and Root-to-shoot Ratio (R) for some Tree Species of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rawat Laxmi , Kumar Pramod , Giri Nishita
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted in Shorea robusta (sal), Pinus roxburghii (Chir pine), Tectona grandis (Teak) and Ailanthus excelsa (Ardu) plantations of different ages at different sites in Uttarakhand. Biomass was calculated on the basis of complete tree harvesting method (stratified mean tree technique method). Biomass Expansion Factor (BEF) and root-to-shoot ratio (R) of all these 4 tree species have been calculated and presented in this paper. Sample trees of S. robusta were of 45, 53 and 60 years of age. BEF for all these 3 age series were assessed as 1.3 at 45 years, 1.4 at 53 years and 1.2 at 60 years of age. Similarly, R values were assessed as 0.27, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively, in these 3 age series. BEF and R values assessed for T. grandis (28 years age) as 1.46 and 0.21; and for A. excelsa (39 years age) as 1.23 and 0.23, respectively. BEF for P. roxburghii trees calculated as 2.3 for 13 years age, 1.75 for 20 years, 1.71 for 22 years, 1.5 for 33 years and 1.46 for trees of 45 years of age. Similarly, R values were 0.2 for 13 years, 0.21 for 20 years, 0.12 for 22 years, 0.13 for 33 years and 0.15 for 45 years of age. P. roxburghii sample trees have shown decreasing order of BEF with increasing age, whereas S. robusta has not shown such trend along the chronosequence.
Rediscovery of Connarus Nicobaricus King (Connaraceae) From the Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Murugan C. , Prabhu S. , Sathiyaseelan R.
Published: January 2022

This communication reports the rediscovery of Connarus nicobaricus King (Connaraceae) nearly after a eighty three (83) years from the type locality viz Nicobar Islands. It was encountered during the Quantitative Assessment and Mapping Plant Resources of Nicobar Islands. A short description along with relevant notes, colour plate, distribution map, etc. is provided here.
Vegetational Diversity and its Change Dynamics in Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Lal Hari , Singh Sanjay , Sinha Animesh
Published: January 2022

Sunderban, the mangroves in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta shared between India and Bangladesh are the largest coastal wetland system, well known for their floral diversity. Vegetation survey and analysis was carried out at 42 forest sites randomly selected in Sundarban to record 30 species of mangrove plants belonging to 18 families. Change dynamics of mangrove forests was also studied taking Champion and Seth (1968) forest type classification as a baseline to record striking changes in forest composition. Significant changes were observed in vegetation composition at sites previously demarcated under a particular sub-type. Palm swamp with predominantly Phoenix paludosa have converted into mangrove scrub with mixed species composition. Some new species have emerged in pure mangrove forest (4B/TS2) which has acquired character of salt water mixed forest (Heretiera). These composition and structure changes of Sundarban forests may be attributed climatic change and anthropogenic pressure.
Anisomeles Tirunelveliensis - A New Species of Lamiaceae from Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Rajakumar T.J.S. , Selvakumari R. , Murugesan S.
Published: January 2022

A new species, Anisomeles tirunelveliensis, is described and illustrated. The species differs from its closely allied species, Anisomeles heyneana Benth. in having terete stem, long petiole; long calyx and glabrous without and long corolla.
Population Status of Pittosporum Eriocarpum Royle: A Critical Endangered Species
Authors: Chandra Anup , Kumar Ashok , Bisht Hemlata
Published: January 2022

Pittosporum eriocarpum Royle is an endangered plant of the temperate region is native to India and declared as endangered species. A survey was carried out to estimate the population status of the species. Belt transect method was used in the study. It was observed that population of the species is drastically declining. Efforts were undertaken for ex-situ conservation of the species. There is urgent need to take suitable measures to conserve species for future.
Germination behavior of Pongamia pinnata Roxb. seeds in fly ash incorporated medium
Authors: Masilamani Poomaruthai , Paramathma M. , Balasubramanian P. , Sudhagar R.
Published: January 2022

Fly ash is one of the pollutants of thermal power generation. Germination of Pongamia pinnata (Pungam) have been studied in fly ash incorporated nursery mixtures. The sand and fly ash mixed with nursery medium have increased germination and seedling vigour. Whereas fly ash alone have found to be inhibitory to seed germination and seedling vigour.
Notes on a Rare Species of the Genus Androcorys (Orchideceae) - A. Josephi (Rchb. f.) Agrawala & H. J. Chowdhery in India
Authors: Lawkush  , Debta Manas
Published: January 2022

Observations on the morphological variations in Androcorys josephi (Rchb.f.) Agrawala & H. J. Chowdhery (Orchidaceae) along with notes on its rare status are discussed.
Ground flora in Assam Valley Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Rajbonshi Bhaskor , Das Dhruba , Verma Praveen , Bora H. , Yadav Alok
Published: January 2022

The present investigations were carried out in Jeypore Reserve Forests in Assam valley tropical wet evergreen forests. Phytosociological analysis was carried out as per standard methodology. Total 28 family, 47 genus and 53 species were observed. The poaceae was most dominant family. The Shannon – Winner index (H) for herbs ranges from 1.59 to 3.16. The present study will provide the baseline information for biodiversity conservation of tropical wet evergreen forests.
Extended distribution of Eria globulifera Seidenf. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Agrawala D.
Published: January 2022

Eria globulifera Seidenf., an interesting sympodial orchid has been reported here as new distributional record for West Bengal.
Evaluation of Copper Ethanolamine Boron to control white rot on Rubber wood
Authors: Kalawate Aparna
Published: January 2022

In the present study, efficacy of Copper-Ethanolamine-Boron (CEB) against white rot fungus has been evaluated. CEB (10%w/v) was tested at various concentration levels viz., 2.5 and 3% against white rot. From the results of the toxicity study, it was found that the lethal dose of CEB to control the attack of white rot was 2.5%. In India, this is the first report of utilising Copper Ethanolamine Boron in wood to control the wood destroying fungus i.e. white rot.
An efficient signcryption scheme for vehicular satellite-based networks
Authors: Elhabob Rashad , Adel Abdalla , Eltayieb Nabeil , Hassan Alzubier , A.H Damos Mohamed
Published: January 2022

With the widespread of the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), a huge number of vehicles are connecting to networks. To provide the position of these vehicles, the global position system (GPS) is required. Usually, the GPS is commoned with internal sensors mounted inside the vehicle. Thus, the communication with this sensor is needed when we need to specify the position of vehicle through the satellite. This communication is done by using a secure channels. However, the authentication and privacy are deemed as the main goal of the network communication. Therefore, an efficient signcryption scheme for vehicular satellite-based network (SVSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme meets the security demands for VANETs, for instance authentication, unforgeability, confidentiality, and integrity. Based on the Discrete Logarithm (DL) problem, the presented scheme is secure. Compared with the existing signcryption schemes, the performance analysis show that our proposed scheme is more suitable for vehicular satellite networks.
Design and Implementation of High Directivity Directional Coupler at VHF Band Using Grounding Composed of Strip Lines Technics
Authors: Abdallah Abdalmagd Atef Merghani
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a design of high directivity directional coupler (D.C) based on grounding composed of strip lines for high power Radar transmitter at Very High Frequency (VHF), (150 – 200 MHz). The directional coupler is used to check and verify the transmitter output high power, frequency, and reflected signal from an antenna connected with the Radar transmitter. The performance requirements of directional couplers are a strong coupling to reduce the effect on the transmitted output power and high directivity to suppress the interference of the reflected signal from the antenna. So far, various architectures have been proposed to gain high directivity, and there have been many studies used to obtain a strong coupling and higher directivity. However, the conventional architecture of the directional coupler has a directivity of only about 20 dB, and there have been difficulties to achieve the higher directivity of more than 20 dB. In this paper, the proposed architecture of directional coupler based on grounding composed of strip lines is discussed and compares the test results of the proposed directional coupler with the conventional one. The high directivity directional coupler is designed using a computer-aided design Simulation program; Advance Design System (ADS 2016), using Rogers 4003 substrate. The directional coupler was fabricated on printed circuit board (PCB) technology and measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The results show that the proposed directional coupler has directivity between -25 to -24 dB inside the working bandwidth and is adequate for a high-power radar transmitter.
Study of the Effect of Risk Management Application on the Performance of Giad industrial Group
Authors: ALI AHMED YASSIN ASSADIG
Published: January 2022

Risk management is particularly important at the present time and constitute a new approach in firms, has seen all industries acceleration and great changes in recent years, in order to benefit from risk management to provide protection for firms and continuity performance its activities should provide the critical success factors for risk management. The research problem is represented in the role of risk management on the performance of industrial firms in Sudan, the research aims to deepen the understanding of risk management and its application to firms and to know the reasons that led to the failure and faltering of the performance of these firms as well as finding appropriate solutions ,The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method in conducting this study and designed a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection, This research develops through the assumption that there is a positive relationship between risk management and the performance of the firm where the study found that risk management practices are applied in moderate proportions by the leaders and employees of the Sudanese industrial firms and dominated by the reactive method rather than proactive, One of the most important recommendations of the study is that industrial organizations have to adopt effective systems for managing organizational risks and that they be monitored and reviewed for deviations in order to be in line with the strategy of the firm.
Neutralizing TNT Acidic Wastewater With Neem Leaves Powder
Authors: Hamid Khalid , Abdalla Abdelmoneim Massad
Published: January 2022

This study conducted to substituting of NaOH used as a neutralizing agent for acidic wastewater generated from manufacturing of TNT in factory of Sudanese Military industries by natural material such as Neem leaves powder. The requirement for pH values of astewater to be disposed over 6. Four weights (5 , 7.5, 10 and 12.5 ) g of dry Neem leaves powder prepared and added to four samples of acidic wastewater with volume of 100 ml for each samples, the pH values of wastewater measured after four periods (1 ,2,3 and 4) hr for each weight added. The results showed the pH values raised from 1.7 to 6.94 and no any residual salts observed. The Neem leaves powder is effective alternatives for sodium hydroxide to neutralizing acidic wastewater at TNT plant.