bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetesberatung zum Hybrid-AID-System bei Typ-1-Diabetes: neue Perspektiven und Therapieempfehlungen
Authors: Biester Torben , Bratina Natasa , Lange Karin , Biester Sarah , Remus Kerstin , Thomas Andreas , Danne Thomas , Kordonouri Olga
Published: January 2020

Kontinuierliche Glukosemonitoringsysteme (CGM) haben inzwischen eine so hohe Messqualität erreicht, dass automatisierte therapeutische Entscheidungen und eine bedarfsgerechte automatisierte Insulinzufuhr möglich geworden sind. Dazu werden CGM und Insulinpumpen zu einem „AID-System“ (Automated Insulin Delivery) zusammengeführt. Ein Algorithmus errechnet dabei kontinuierlich aus den gemessenen Glukosewerten unter Berücksichtigung individueller Nutzerdaten die Insulindosis. Idealerweise verringert sich damit der Einfluss des „Human-Faktors“, d. h. die notwendige manuelle Steuerung der Insulinabgabe durch den Nutzer. Seit 2016 steht in den USA, seit 2018 in einigen europäischen Ländern und seit 2019 in Deutschland ein Hybrid-AID für Personen mit Typ-1-Diabetes zur Verfügung. Der Begriff „Hybrid“ bezeichnet dabei die automatische adaptive Zufuhr des nahrungsunabhängigen, basalen Insulinanteils und die manuelle Abgabe des Insulinbolus zu den Mahlzeiten. Derzeit setzen ca. 200 000 Personen mit Diabetes weltweit ein solches System ein.

Dieses, aber auch zukünftige Systeme zur vollautomatischen Insulinabgabe setzen voraus, dass die Nutzer ihr AID-System verstehen und in ungewöhnlichen oder kritischen Situationen sachgerecht reagieren können. Damit ist eine qualifizierte Schulung gerade zu diesen neuen Technologien aus unserer Sicht unverzichtbar. Nutzer können nur dann von den Vorteilen des Systems profitieren, wenn sie verstehen, weshalb ein automatisierter Modus verlassen wird, und sie im manuellen Modus sicher und korrekt handeln können. In diesem Beitrag werden relevante Aspekte und zentrale Herausforderungen bei der Schulung zum Hybrid-AID System MiniMed 670G dargestellt.
Human foetal stomach : a morphological study
Authors: Nivedita Roy , Sagnik Roy
Published: January 2020

Background and aims : The morphology of human stomach is subjected to wide variations and changes during developmental stage. Congenital anomalies of stomach like hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and thoracic stomach are common in new barns. Some rare anomalies like duplication, diverticula and hypoplasia of stomach also may occur. The present study attempts to analyze the morphological changes like change in shape, height, width, length of greater and lesser curvatures, capacity and localization of stomach in the quadrants of abdomen in different age groups of human foetuses and also to look for congenital anomalies. Materials and methods: Fifty normal fresh still born foetuses of age varying from 15 to 40 weeks were dissected and morphological study was carried out. Parameters like height, width, length of greater and lesser curvature,capacity of stomach were measured and location, shape, internal appearance of stomach were noted. Results: Significant changes in shape and in location of stomach in different quadrants of the abdomen were found in different foetal age groups. Localization of stomach is seen as that in adults by 25th week of foetal age. Typical 'J' shaped stomach is seen by 28th week of foetal age. Height, width, length of greater and lesser curvatures and capacity of stomach increased with increasing foetal age. A sudden increase in width was seen at 17th week and a sudden increase in height was noted at 25th week. Well developed rugae and gastric canal were seen in inner surface of stomach by 28th week. Capacity of stomach increased from 1 ml at 15th week tom 32 ml at 40th week. Conclusion: The obsevations of the present study show that morphology and location of the stomach in different age groups show great variations. This study may help in study of development of stomach and in diagnosis of different developmental anomalies, ailments and pathology of stomach.
Gross morphology of major and minor duodenal papilla: a cadaveric study
Authors: Sulochana S. , Sasikala P. , Sivakami T.
Published: January 2020

Background: Anatomical location of the duodenal papilla is of vital importance while performing retrograde cannulation of the ampulla, trans-duodenal exploration of the common bile duct or sphincterotomy. This study was carried out to review the gross morphology of major and minor duodenal papillae in South Indians. Material and methods: One hundred specimens of duodenum and pancreas enblock, procured from cadavers and autopsy cases from Thanjavur medical college, Thanjavur, were carefully studied and the data obtained was compared with similar reports available in the literature. Results: Major duodenal papilla was present in all the specimens and was located in the II part of the duodenum in 94 specimens, at the junction of I and II part of the duodenum in five specimens and at the junction of the II & III part in one specimen. Minor papilla was absent in nine specimens. Size of the major papilla and minor papilla were 7.6 ± 0.29 mm and 04 ± 0.52 mm respectively. The average distance between the pylorus and minor papilla was 6.2±1.24 cm and between the pylorus and major papilla was 8.2±1.27 cm. The average distance between the major and minor papilla was 1.97± 0.57 cm. Conclusion: The constant introduction of newer and modified techniques in the diagnosis and management of the diseases has increased the importance of normal and variant anatomy. The present study highlights the variations in the gross morphology of the major and minor duodenal papilla in South Indians.
Perinatal Management of Bart's Hemoglobinopathy: Paradoxical Effects of Intrauterine, Transplacental, and Partial Exchange Transfusions
Authors: Curran Mark , Mikhael Michel , Sun Wang-Dar , Lim Jina , Leung Anna , Morchi Gira , Chmait Ramen H.
Published: January 2020

We describe a fetus at 24 3/7 weeks' gestation that showed ultrasound evidence of anemia, hydrops, and severe growth restriction. Both parents were known to be cis heterozygous carriers for SEA α-thalassemia deletion (αα/–). Cordocentesis confirmed fetal anemia and homozygous α-thalassemia (−/−) in the fetus. Fetal intrauterine transfusions corrected the anemia, treated the hydrops, and improved fetal growth. The postnatal course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, which resolved only after partial volume exchange transfusion. This case report is presented to point out the potential unintended outcomes with transplacental transfusion via delayed cord clamping and cord milking at delivery in the setting of congenital Bart's hemoglobinopathy, and demonstrates that partial exchange transfusion of the newborn may optimize oxygen delivery due to the more favorable oxygen affinity of transfused adult hemoglobin compared with the Bart's hemoglobin.
Predicting Preeclampsia with Noninvasive Measures of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Emeasoba Emmanuel U. , McLaren Rodney A. , Landau Rebecca , Weedon Jeremy , Haberman Shoshana , Minkoff Howard , Shani Jacob , Montemarano Nadine
Published: January 2020

Objective This study evaluates the assessment of endothelial function and its prediction for preeclampsia among women with high-risk factors.

Study Design A prospective cohort study of 107 pregnant women at 20 weeks or greater gestation with risk factors for developing preeclampsia. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry by generating a reactive hyperemia index (RHI) score. An index score of <1.67 was defined as endothelial dysfunction. The primary outcome was preeclampsia. Logistic regression was used to predict preeclampsia from RHI scores, body mass index, gestational age at RHI evaluation, history of preeclampsia, history of pregestational diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, and fetal number. A receiver operating characteristic plot was constructed to predict preeclampsia from the RHI score.

Results Among 107 women, 99 had interpretable RHI scores. Among those with an abnormal RHI (n = 61), 17 (28%) developed preeclampsia. Among women with a normal score (n = 38), six (16%) developed preeclampsia (p = 0.166). After logistic regression, there was no significant association. A receiver operating characteristic plot also revealed no association between RHI score and preeclampsia.

Conclusion An abnormal RHI score using peripheral arterial tonometry indicating endothelial dysfunction was not predictive of developing preeclampsia in this cohort. Future studies are needed to further evaluate this relationship.
Accuracy and Interobserver Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Einerson Brett D. , Rodriguez Christina E. , Silver Robert M. , Donnelly Meghan A. , Kennedy Anne M. , Woodward Paula J.
Published: January 2020

Objective This study aims to define the accuracy, predictive value, and interobserver reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.

Study Design Two experienced radiologists independently interpreted the MRI studies of patients with possible PAS from two referral centers. Radiologists were blinded to sonographic and clinical information. We calculated diagnostic testing characteristics and kappa statistics of interobserver reliability for MRI findings of PAS.

Results Sixty-eight MRI cases were evaluated. Confirmed PAS and severe PAS were present in 44 (65%) and 20 (29%) cases. For the diagnosis of any PAS, MRI had a sensitivity 66%, specificity 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 81%, negative predictive value (NPV) 53%, and accuracy 68%. For the diagnosis of severe PAS (percreta), MRI had a sensitivity 85%, specificity 79%, PPV 63%, NPV 93%, and accuracy 81%. The accuracy of individual signs of PAS was lower (44–65%). Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for previa; substantial for myometrial interruptions, PAS, severe PAS, and placental bulging/balling; and moderate to slight for other signs of PAS.

Conclusion Although the interobserver reliability of MRI for a diagnosis of PAS is substantial, the accuracy and predictive value are modest and lower than previously reported.
Morphometric evaluation of occipital condyles for a safe transcondylar approach through skull base
Authors: Phalgunan Vijisha , Narayanan Suresh
Published: January 2020

Aims and Objectives: Occipital condyle is an important landmark in transcondylar approach for surgery of lesions ventral to the brainstem, hence it is imperative to understand the anatomical aspects of occipital condyle. The aim of the present study is to analyse the morphometrical aspects of occipital condyle and to highlight its importance in surgical resection. Materials and method: Hundred occipital condyles of fifty dry skulls were used for this study. Twenty-six parameters were measured. The measurements were made separately for right and left sides. Results: The mean length of occipital condyle was found to be 22.92mm. The distance between the intracranial orifice of the hypoglossal canal and the posterior margin of occipital condyle was 12.55±0.05mm. The commonest location of intracranial orifice and extracranial orifice of hypoglossal canal was found to be at location 3 and location 2 respectively. Occipital condyle was oval in most skulls. Conclusion: Occipital condyle can be safely drilled for a distance of 12 mm from the posterior margin before encountering the hypoglossal canal. Surgeons operating in this area must consider the variations of parameters of south Indian skulls.
The Fundamentals for Craniofacial Morphogenesis -A review with emphasis on the decisive dynamics
Authors: Agnihotri Gaurav
Published: January 2020

A rekindled need to widerstand details of craniofacial morphogenesis stems from the clinicians requirement to distinguish normal Variation from the effect of abnormal or pathologic processes. The understanding of the developmental blueprint is core to diagnosis, timing, planning of treatment and predicting post treatment outcomes. The morphogenesis works constantly towards a State of composite, architectonic balance among all of the separate growing parts. The various parts, developmentally merge into a functional whole with each part complementing the others as they all grow and function together. The present overview takes into account the principal fundamentals of the morphogenesis and the decisive dynamics involved therein. There is a cephalo-caudal gradient in the craniofacial growth pattern. In accordance with functional matrix theory, the major determinant of growth of maxilla and mandible is enlargement of nasal and oral cavities, which grow in response to functional needs. The craniofacial complex can be divided into four areas that grow rather differently.These are cranial vault, cranial base, nasomaxillary complex and mandible. The craniofacial morphogenesis leads to an aggregate State of structural and functional equilibrium. A thorough understanding of the process and patterns is the 'vital key' for successful therapies in this region.
A study of lesser pelvic parameters and their correlation with age by reformatted computed tomography in western Indian Gujarati female population
Authors: Shah Ritesh K. , Desai Jalpa N. , Upadhyay Ajay R
Published: January 2020

Background & aims: Pelvic parameters vary according to age, race and population. The study is aimed at assessing female pelvic parameters using reformatted 3D CT images, compare the obtained values with other studies and correlate these parameters with age. Material & Methods: Reformatted three-dimensional CT images were obtained from stored abdominopelvic computed tomography [CT] scan images. Image analysis software was used to determine various diameters of the lesser pelvis. Data were analysed to derive mean ± SD, SE, 95% Cl, paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used for comparison and correlation of variables. Results: Mean± standard deviation of obstetric conjugate diameter was 10.94±1.18 cm, transverse diameter of inlet was 12.46±0.81 cm, sagittal diameter of midplane wasl 1.74±0.80 cm, interspinous diameter was 9.78±0.75 cm, sagittal diameter of outlet was 8.99±1.02 cm and intertuberous diameter was 10.69±0.86. All the parameters except sagittal diameter of midplane and interspinous diameter showed correlation with age. Conclusion: The present study provides reference values for various pelvic parameters in western Indian Gujarati female population. Parameters obtained in present study vary greatly from previous studies from other populations. The results demonstrated that significant age-related changes occurred in pelvic inlet and outlet parameters.
Mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: a dry human mandibles study in South Indian population
Authors: Suman Parineeta , Singh Sabita , Mahato Raj Kishore
Published: January 2020

Introduction and aim: Mandible usually has a bilateral oval or circular mental foramen [MF] situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible. Variations of the MF are often encountered ranging from difference in incidence, shape, size, position and supernumerary [accessory MF] to even complete absence. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and the anatomical features of the mental foramen and the accessory mental foramen. Materials & method: 61 dry human mandibles of unknown sex were examined. Size and distance of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen from symphysis menti [Mandibular midline], inferior border of the mandible, posterior border of ramus and superior border of body of mandible were measured using vernier calliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Results: Bilateral mental foramina [MF] were present in all 61 [100%] mandibles. Out of 122 mental foramina [MF], 86 [70.5%] were round and 36 [29.5%] were oval in shape. Approximately half [47.54%] of MF were present below the apex of 2nd premolar tooth. MF was located approximately half way between alveolar crest and mandibular body. Bilateral AMF were present in 1.64% mandibles. All 5 AMFs were round in shape. AMF was separated from MF by a median distance of 2mm. Conclusion: The knowledge about incidence and variability in position of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen is important in order to avoid nerve damage in connection with surgical procedure and to achieve complete effect of anaesthesia after mental nerve block
Wide-Ranging Reference Correlations for Dilute Gas Transport Properties Based onAb InitioCalculations and Viscosity Ratio Measurements
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Rowland Darren , Al Ghafri Saif Z. S. , May Eric F.
Published: January 2020

The combined use of experimental viscosity ratios together with ab initio calculations for helium has driven significant improvements in the description of dilute gas transport properties. Here, we first use improvements made to ab initio helium calculations to update viscosity ratios measured for H2, Ar, CH4, and Xe by May et al. [Int. J. Thermophys. 28, 1085 (2007)] over the temperature range of 200–400 K, reducing the uncertainties of the data to 0.055%, 0.038%, 0.067%, and 0.084%, respectively. Separately, we extend the technique of combining viscosity ratios with ab initio calculations to develop new reference correlations for the dilute gas viscosity of 10 gases: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, ethane, and propane. This is achieved by combining the ratios of viscosities calculated ab initio at the target temperature and at 298.15 K with experimentally based reference viscosity values for each gas at 298.15 K. The new reference dilute gas viscosity correlations span temperature ranges from at least 150 K to 1200 K with relative uncertainties between 30% (krypton) and 85% (methane) lower than the original ab initio results. For the noble gases, ab initio calculations for the Prandtl number are used to develop reference correlations for thermal conductivity ranging from at least 100 K to 5000 K, with relative uncertainties ranging from 0.04% (argon) to 0.20% (xenon). The new reference correlations are compared with available experimental data at dilute gas conditions. In general, the data agree with the new correlations within the claimed experimental uncertainty.
Cooperative maintenance of cellular identity in systems with intercellular communication defects
Authors: Stankevich N. , Koseska A.
Published: January 2020

The cooperative dynamics of cellular populations emerging from the underlying interactions determines cellular functions and thereby their identity in tissues. Global deviations from this dynamics, on the other hand, reflect pathological conditions. However, how these conditions are stabilized from dysregulation on the level of the single entities is still unclear. Here, we tackle this question using the generic Hodgkin–Huxley type of models that describe physiological bursting dynamics of pancreatic β-cells and introduce channel dysfunction to mimic pathological silent dynamics. The probability for pathological behavior in β-cell populations is ∼100% when all cells have these defects, despite the negligible size of the silent state basin of attraction for single cells. In stark contrast, in a more realistic scenario for a mixed population, stabilization of the pathological state depends on the size of the subpopulation which acquired the defects. However, the probability to exhibit stable pathological dynamics in this case is less than 10%. These results, therefore, suggest that the physiological bursting dynamics of a population of β-cells is cooperatively maintained, even under intercellular communication defects induced by dysfunctional channels of single cells.
A portable data-collection system for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Authors: Sun Tianxiao , Meng Xiangyu , Cao Jiefeng , Wang Yong , Guo Zhi , Wang Zhijun , Liu Haigang , Zhang Xiangzhi , Tai Renzhong
Published: January 2020

Based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System, a portable data-collection system for soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy has been developed at the BL02B and BL08U beamlines of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The data-collection system can be used to carry out total electron yield (TEY) and total fluorescence yield (TFY) experiments simultaneously. The hardware consists of current preamplifiers, voltage-to-frequency converters, and a multi-channel counter, which are aimed at improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The control logic is developed using Python and Java. The novelty of this control system is its designed portability while being extensible and readable and having low noise and high real-time capabilities. The oxygen K-edge absorption spectra of SrTiO3 were obtained using the TEY and TFY technology at the BL02B beamline. Furthermore, the TEY and TFY spectra of the relaxor ferroelectric single-crystal of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate measured by the present data-collection system have lower peak-to-peak noise amplitude than the ones measured by using a picoammeter. The experimental results show that the spectral signal-to-noise ratio recorded by the present system is 5.7–12.4 dB higher than that with the picoammeter detector.
Capillary breakup and extensional rheology response of food thickener cellulose gum (NaCMC) in salt-free and excess salt solutions
Authors: Jimenez Leidy Nallely , Martínez Narváez Carina D. V. , Sharma Vivek
Published: January 2020

Cellulose gum, also known as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), is a polysaccharide often used as a thickener or rheology modifier in many industrial complex fluids, including foods. Shear and extensional rheology response influence production and processing of food, as well as the consumer perception and bioprocessing that begin with every bite. Stream-wise velocity gradients associated with extensional flows spontaneously arise during extrusion, calendaring, coating, dispensing, bubble growth or collapse, as well as during consumption including swallowing and suction via straws. The influence of polysaccharides on shear rheology response is fairly well characterized and utilized in food industry. In contrast, elucidating, measuring, and harnessing the extensional rheology response have remained longstanding challenges and motivate this study. The characterization challenges include the lack of robust, reliable, and affordable methods for measuring extensional rheology response. The product design challenges stem from the difficulties in assessing or predicting the influence of macromolecular properties on macroscopic rheological behavior. In this contribution, we address the characterization challenges using dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols that rely on analysis of capillary-driven thinning and breakup of liquid necks created by releasing a finite volume of fluid onto a substrate. The DoS rheometry protocols emulate the heuristic tests of thickening, stickiness, or cohesiveness based on dripping a sauce from a ladle. We show that adding glycerol or changing salt concentration can be used for tuning the pinch-off dynamics, extensional rheology response, and processability of unentangled solutions of cellulose gum, whereas entangled solutions are relatively insensitive to changes in salt concentration.
Enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency in granular Co-Cu thin films from spin-dependent scattering
Authors: Yan Z. , Wang B. , Lv X. W. , Sui W. B. , Cao J. W. , Shi H. G. , Si M. S. , Yang D. Z. , Xue D. S.
Published: January 2020

In contrast to traditional concepts that eliminate magnetic impurities to achieve larger thermoelectric efficiencies, we report an enhanced thermoelectric efficiency for Cu through doping with the magnetic impurity Co. With doping concentrations from 15% to 30%, the amplitude of the Seebeck coefficient increases from 1.90 μV/K up to 16.3 μV/K, which greatly enhances the thermoelectric efficiency (i.e., power factor). Measuring the magnetoresistance and magnetothermoelectric powers at different temperatures indicates that the enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency is a result of spin-dependent scattering from Co nanoparticles, which are less sensitive to the superparamagnetic transitions. Our finding illustrates a path for the use of nanomagnets to develop potential thermoelectric materials.
Differential effect of magnetic alignment on additive manufacturing of magnetocaloric particles
Authors: Al-Milaji Karam N. , Gupta Shalabh , Pecharsky Vitalij K. , Barua Radhika , Zhao Hong , Hadimani Ravi L.
Published: January 2020

Additive manufacturing of materials using magnetic particles as feedstock has attracted tremendous attention during the past decade owing to its ability to tune both shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which can significantly enhance the magnetic characteristics of materials. We demonstrate that the magnetic response of multilayered thin films of Gd5Si4 can be tailored by controlling the external magnetic field during inkjet printing. The external magnetic field aligns the magnetic particles along their magnetic easy axis, enhancing the magnetic anisotropy of the printed films. Our work demonstrates the ability to print thin magnetic films with a defined anisotropy in any chosen direction with the potential to approaching magnetic properties of corresponding single crystalline materials.
Microfluidic opportunities in printed electrolyte-gated transistor biosensors
Authors: Dorfman Kevin D. , Adrahtas Demetra Z. , Thomas Mathew S. , Frisbie C. Daniel
Published: January 2020

Printed electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) are an emerging biosensor platform that leverage the facile fabrication engendered by printed electronics with the low voltage operation enabled by ion gel dielectrics. The resulting label-free, nonoptical sensors have high gain and provide sensing operations that can be challenging for conventional chemical field effect transistor architectures. After providing an overview of EGT device fabrication and operation, we highlight opportunities for microfluidic enhancement of EGT sensor performance via multiplexing, sample preconcentration, and improved transport to the sensor surface.
Achieving high-resolution of 21 nm for STED nanoscopy assisted by CdSe@ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Ye Shuai , Guo Jiaqing , Song Jun , Qu Junle
Published: January 2020

Although quantum dots (QDs) show strong photoluminescence and high photostability, they are not widely used as probes for stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy because the excitation of the doughnut-shaped STED beam always generates background noise (the so-called “halo”) that hampers superresolution microscopy. In this study, we attempted to use commercially available CdSe@ZnS QDs with green emission (QD526) as a probe in STED nanoscopy. A lateral resolution of 21.0 nm for a single QD was obtained when using a 488-nm excitation laser and a 592-nm depletion laser. The high resolution achieved was mainly attributed to the fact that no halo was generated around the STED spots. This was also confirmed through spectral analysis in that no spontaneous fluorescence was detected when the QDs were irradiated by the 592-nm laser. The results indicated that the halo could be avoided effectively in QD-assisted STED nanoscopy by tuning the wavelength of the emission peak of the QDs and the depletion laser. This study provides insights into how to easily avoid the halo in QD-assisted STED nanoscopy and how to improve the nanoscopy resolution.
A unified analytical theory of heteropolymers for sequence-specific phase behaviors of polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Brady Jacob P. , Chan Hue Sun , Ghosh Kingshuk
Published: January 2020

The physical chemistry of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of polymer solutions bears directly on the assembly of biologically functional dropletlike bodies from proteins and nucleic acids. These biomolecular condensates include certain extracellular materials and intracellular compartments that are characterized as “membraneless organelles.” Analytical theories are a valuable, computationally efficient tool for addressing general principles. LLPS of neutral homopolymers is quite well described by theory, but it has been a challenge to develop general theories for the LLPS of heteropolymers involving charge-charge interactions. Here, we present a theory that combines a random-phase-approximation treatment of polymer density fluctuations and an account of intrachain conformational heterogeneity based on renormalized Kuhn lengths to provide predictions of LLPS properties as a function of pH, salt, and charge patterning along the chain sequence. Advancing beyond more limited analytical approaches, our LLPS theory is applicable to a wide variety of charged sequences ranging from highly charged polyelectrolytes to neutral or nearly neutral polyampholytes. This theory should be useful in high-throughput screening of protein and other sequences for their LLPS propensities and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive theories that incorporate nonelectrostatic interactions. Experimental ramifications of our theory are discussed.
Substrate-modulated ferromagnetism of two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Zhang Luman , Song Luyao , Dai Hongwei , Yuan Jun-Hui , Wang Mingshan , Huang Xinyu , Qiao Lei , Cheng Hui , Wang Xia , Ren Wei , Miao Xiangshui , Ye Lei , Xue Kan-Hao , Han Jun-Bo
Published: January 2020

We systematically investigated the modulation effects of substrates on the ferromagnetism properties of Fe3GeTe2 experimentally and theoretically. The polar refractive magnetic circular dichroism results demonstrate that the ferromagnetism could be modulated significantly by selecting different substrates. We explain this phenomenon using the first-principles calculation, revealing that it was induced by the lattice distortion and charge redistribution between the interfaces. Our work is useful to understand the fundamental mechanism of tunable ferromagnetism and paves the way for exploring interface physics and practical spintronic applications of two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals crystals.
Long-time structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids: Simple or stretched exponential?
Authors: Niss Kristine , Dyre Jeppe C. , Hecksher Tina
Published: January 2020

This paper presents data for the physical aging of the density of squalane upon both non-linear and nearly linear temperature jumps from states of thermal equilibrium. Invoking the single-parameter-aging scenario [Hecksher et al., J. Chem. Phys. 142, 241103 (2015); Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116, 16736–16741 (2019)], the linear-response aging relaxation function is extracted from the data. Based on this, it is shown that the relaxation toward equilibrium follows a simple exponential function at long times; a stretched-exponential function provides a poor fit. This demonstrates the existence of a terminal relaxation rate for the physical aging of squalane, corresponding to an effective long-time cutoff in the spectrum of structural relaxation times.
Implications of Banksia seed reward for conservation and management of Carnaby’s cockatoo on the Swan coastal plain, Western Australia
Authors: Johnston Teagan R. , Stock William D. , Mawson Peter R.
Published: January 2020

The food resource utilisation of six species of Banksia by the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) was investigated on the Swan coastal plain, Western Australia, over a 12-month period. The energy yield from the seeds harvested by the cockatoos was determined and the information was combined with data on the number of infructescences produced per hectare, the average seed yield per infructescence and the average rate of harvest of that species of seed by the cockatoos to calculate estimates of the number of infructescences required to support a single cockatoo per day under a range of scenarios. Over 65% of infructescences of each species of Banksia handled by the cockatoos were consumed for seed. Banksia sessilis had the largest number of infructescences and follicles manipulated by Carnaby’s cockatoos. The energy content of Banksia seed was 20–23 kJ g–1. Seed weight varied from 0.075 ± 0.016 (s.e.) g for B. attenuata to 0.007 ± 0.002 (s.e.) g for B. sessilis. The number of infructescences required to meet the birds’ daily energy intake ranged from 14 for B. grandis to 3821 for B. sessilis. The results have important implications for the continued capacity of the Swan coastal plain to support Carnaby’s cockatoos, for the future survival of obligate seeding Banksia spp. and for anthropogenic revegetation programs utilising Banksia spp.
Talking over the robot
Authors: Jeon Chihyung , Shin Heesun , Kim Sungeun , Jeong Hanbyul
Published: January 2020

We analyze the use of Silbot – a “dementia-prevention robot” – in a regional health center
in South Korea. From our on-site observation of the Silbot classes, we claim that the efficacy of the robot class relies heavily
on the “strained collaboration” between the human instructor and the robot. “Strained collaboration” refers to the ways in which
the instructor works with the robot, attempting to compensate for the robot’s functional limitation and social awkwardness. In
bringing Silbot into the classroom setting, the instructor employs characteristic verbal tones, bodily movements, and other
pedagogical tactics. The instructor even talks over the robot, downplaying its interactional capacity. We conclude that any
success of such robot programs requires a deeper understanding of the spatial and human context of robot use, including the role
of human operators or mediators and also that this understanding should be reflected in the design, implementation, and evaluation
of robot programs.
Flowering time control in rice by introducing Arabidopsis clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 5
Authors: Nakamichi Norihito , Kudo Toru , Makita Nobue , Kiba Takatoshi , Kinoshita Toshinori , Sakakibara Hitoshi
Published: January 2020

Plants flower under appropriate day-length conditions by integrating temporal information provided by the circadian clock with light and dark information from the environment. A sub-group of plant specific circadian clock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) genes (PRR7/PRR3 sub-group) controls flowering time both in long-day and short-day plants; however, flowering control by the other two PRR gene sub-groups has been reported only in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a model long-day plant. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis PRR9/PRR5 sub-group gene can control flowering time (heading date) in rice, a short-day plant. Although PRR5 promotes flowering in Arabidopsis, transgenic rice overexpressing Arabidopsis PRR5 caused late flowering. Such transgenic rice plants produced significantly higher biomass, but not grain yield, due to the late flowering. Concomitantly, expression of Hd3a, a rice florigen gene, was reduced in the transgenic rice.

Abbreviations

CCT: CONSTANS, CONSTANS-LIKE, and TOC1; HD: HEADING DATE; LHY: LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL; Ppd: photoperiod; PR: pseudo-receiver; PRR: PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR; TOC1: TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1; ZTL: ZEITLUPE
Optimizing the penalty kick under external focus of attention and autonomy support instructions
Authors: Makaruk Hubert , Porter Jared M. , Bodasińska Anna , Palmer Stephanie
Published: January 2020

Penalty kicks often play a decisive role in the most prestigious international football tournaments. The present study investigated whether shooting performance of the penalty kick in football would be improved by providing specific attentional and motivational instructions. Twenty‐four experienced male volunteers were asked to kick a ball at one of four targets located in a regulation‐sized goal. Using a goalkeeper‐independent strategy, subjects performed the penalty kicks under external focus (EF; targets in the goal), autonomy support (AS; choice of target order), combining external focus and autonomy support (EF/AS), and control conditions (C). A goalkeeper tried to save the ball during each attempt. The mean number of scored goals and kicking accuracy of goal scored were used to determine penalty kick performance. The EF/AS combination enhanced the number of goals scored compared to the C condition. No other significant differences were observed between the conditions in the number of goals scored. The EF/AS group displayed greater kicking accuracy of goals scored relative to the AS and C conditions. Also, the kicking accuracy of the EF condition was significantly better than the C condition. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the EF/AS condition resulted in fewer missed shots compared to the C condition. There were no significant differences in blocked shots between the conditions. The findings suggest that promoting an external focus of attention and autonomy support collectively may enhance penalty kick performance.
IRE1β negatively regulates IRE1α signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Grey Michael J. , Cloots Eva , Simpson Mariska S. , LeDuc Nicole , Serebrenik Yevgeniy V. , De Luca Heidi , De Sutter Delphine , Luong Phi , Thiagarajah Jay R. , Paton Adrienne W. , Paton James C. , Seeliger Markus A. , Eyckerman Sven , Janssens Sophie , Lencer Wayne I.
Published: January 2020

IRE1β is an ER stress sensor uniquely expressed in epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces. Here, we show that intestinal epithelial cells expressing IRE1β have an attenuated unfolded protein response to ER stress. When modeled in HEK293 cells and with purified protein, IRE1β diminishes expression and inhibits signaling by the closely related stress sensor IRE1α. IRE1β can assemble with and inhibit IRE1α to suppress stress-induced XBP1 splicing, a key mediator of the unfolded protein response. In comparison to IRE1α, IRE1β has relatively weak XBP1 splicing activity, largely explained by a nonconserved amino acid in the kinase domain active site that impairs its phosphorylation and restricts oligomerization. This enables IRE1β to act as a dominant-negative suppressor of IRE1α and affect how barrier epithelial cells manage the response to stress at the host–environment interface.
Does Local Journalism Stimulate Voter Participation in State Supreme Court Elections?
Authors: Hughes David
Published: January 2020

I gather new data on local media coverage of state supreme court elections and examine its effects on voter participation. I find that, even when controlling for campaign expense and advertising, media coverage can increase voter engagement in state supreme court contests. While some of this effect is attributable to salient campaigns themselves, content and statistical analyses show that the media provide voters with unique information such as candidate qualifications that can also stimulate their participation.
Single photon pulse induced transient entanglement force
Authors: Yang Li-Ping , Khandekar Chinmay , Li Tongcang , Jacob Zubin
Published: January 2020

We show that a single photon pulse incident on two interacting two-level atoms induces a transient entanglement force between them. After absorption of a multi-mode Fock state pulse, the time-dependent atomic interaction mediated by the vacuum fluctuations changes from the van der Waals interaction to the resonant dipole–dipole interaction (RDDI). We explicitly show that the RDDI force induced by the single photon pulse fundamentally arises from the two-body transient entanglement between the atoms. This single photon pulse induced entanglement force can be continuously tuned from being repulsive to attractive by varying the polarization of the pulse. We further demonstrate that the entanglement force can be enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude if the atomic interactions are mediated by graphene plasmons. These results demonstrate the potential of shaped single photon pulses as a powerful tool to manipulate this entanglement force and also provides a new approach to witness transient atom–atom entanglement.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Mechano-Chemical Method By Utilizing 3D HEM (High Energy Milling)
Authors: Siswanto  , Hariyanto Mayasari
Published: January 2020

The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle by mechano-chemical method using 3D HEM already has been done. The chemical reaction process is done by 3D HEM with 1500 rpm. The concern of this research is milling time there are 0 minute, 15 minutes, 60 minutes, 180 minutes, 300 minutes, 420 minutes and 480 minutes. Through this method is done a chemical reaction of materials, Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2), Natrium Carbonate (Na2CO3), Sodium Chloride (NaCl) become Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3) and Sodium Chloride (NaCl). The calcination is done at a temperature 450°C for 2 hours. That calcination process is also causing aggregation which makes the particle size increase. The sodium chloride is removed by dissolving in aqua bidestilata and using sonicator for 30 minutes with its velocity 60Hz. For minimalize of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is dissolving the sample in aquades and then deposited. The duration of precipitation shows the particle size of ZnO that formed. Precipitation is caused by gravitation force and the particle size that didn’t affect by the force is under 50 nm. Therefore, the observation of particle size only did on the sample that has long time of precipitation and short time of precipitation as comparator. The result of PSA observation shows the smallest particle size that formed is (135.6 ± 35, 8) nm, with the milling time for 180 minutes. Meanwhile, the particle size is obtained at 1 hour and 7 hours milling time are (183.8 ± 46, 6 ) nm and (877.7 ± 228, 7) nm. Besides that, all the crystal size that formed is nanometer. In addition, the result of XRD shows the volume fraction of ZnO for 0 minute, 60 minutes and 180 minutes milling time are still small relatively, there are 12.55%, 13.31 % and 14.8 %.
Synthesis of SiO2 – PVA – Gelatine Nanocomposite Membrane by Handling of the Gelatine
Authors: Ady Jan , Abdul Aziz Muhammad , Nur Seha Siti
Published: January 2020

Works for synthesithes of the SiO2 – PVA – Gelatine nanocomposite membrane has been made by freeze thawing methods and had been done by the notation in their compositions. It was found that optimum elongation at break in about 79.03% and 4851.7 g per sample for its swelling ratio of membrane. This results had obtained by sample in which that composed on the 50.0 wt% of PVA and 32.50 wt% of gelatine in were added to 17.50 wt% of SiO2 powder in their notation. Therefore, this variations could be uses as a membrane and then by the gelatine handling had been effectively to controlled their mechanical characteristics as well as both of the elongation at break and swelling ratio too.
Hepato-Renal Protective Effects of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Pericarp Extract in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Akhmad Husen Saikhu , Hary Kalqutny Septian , Nur Muhammad Ansori Arif , Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo Raden , Khaleyla Firas , Winarni Dwi
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to explore the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract used for reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice. In this study, we used male mice (Mus musculus) of the BALB/C strain which were divided into 2 groups: the control group (without treatment of mangosteen pericarp extract) and the treatment group. The control group was divided into three: normal control (KN), diabetic control (KD), diabetic control-Metformin HCl (KM). The treatment group (with mangosteen pericarp extract) was divided into 3 groups (P1, P2, and P3) with the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, 100 mg/kg body weight, and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The induction of diabetes was done with the injection of multiple low-doses of STZ (30 mg/kg of body weight) for 5 consecutive days. Before and after STZ injection, random blood glucose and total cholesterol were measured at 1st, 7th, and 14th day of mangosteen pericarp extract treatments. Treatments were given for 14 days. At 15th day, SGOT, SGPT and plasma creatinine levels were measured using Pentra C200, while liver and kidney were collected and then processed into histological slides. Interestingly, we found that mangosteen pericarp extract administration was able to reduce random blood glucose, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, plasma creatinine levels, also ameliorates damaged liver hepatocytes and renal proximal tubular cells in diabetic mice significantly. In conclusion, mangosteen pericarp extract is a promising antidiabetic agent due to its anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties.
Modeling Structure of Portable River Bridge using Fiber – Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
Authors: Sa’diyah A , Prasetya A F , Alfianto E
Published: January 2020

Portable bridge is a device that serve to connect areas near the river to the opposite. The study of portable bridge based on marine buildings (platforms) about ballast system. This utilizes fluid from a constant river flow to meet the bridge ballast pipe with a normal flow control valve. The system was developed by installing a branch and flange on the main pipe as a regulator. A lightweight material chosen as the main material in the portable bridge is Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) based on ACI 440R-07 standard. Portable river bridge structure modeling is supported by 3D CAD software that focuses on building structures, especially in the main pipe and flange.. This model using main pipe 16”NPS Sch-STD Pipe based on ANSI/ASME B36.10M/19M 2004 standard and flange 16”NPS Weldneck Flange 300# RF Sch-STD based on ASME B16.5 Flanges standard
Global solar technology optimization for factory rooftop emissions mitigation
Authors: Mousa Osama Bany , Taylor Robert A
Published: January 2020

The industrial sector consumes ∼32% of the world’s final energy demand, most in the form of heat which is derived primarily from fossil fuels. Two fundamentally different technologies exist for harvesting sunlight to offset fossil fuel use—solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) collectors. The former convert sunlight into heat while the later convert sunlight directly into electricity (although electricity can be converted into heat via heat pumps and/or resistance heating). If/when factories transition towards utilizing their rooftops for solar harvesting, an essential question will be: which solar technology, or a mix of technologies, should be chosen for factory rooftops? This paper investigates this (as yet unanswered) question by assessing the global greenhouse gas emission (GHGe) mitigation potential of PV and ST collectors in a side-by-side mix (e.g. a percentage where 0% is solely PV and 100% is solely ST available roof area coverage) to supply medium temperature heat (150 °C–400 °C) for industrial processes. It was found that in most locations globally, a mix of both technologies optimizes the solar output. Globally, installing the optimum PV:ST mix can save up to 141.8 or 205.8 kt CO2e over installing solely PV or solely ST collectors, respectively. Another interesting finding of this study was that GHGe mitigation potential stems largely from where the solar collectors were manufactured (i.e. the embodied emissions from using local primary energy to fabricate the collectors). Thus, this study reveals that project managers, policymakers, corporate sustainability directors, etc could achieve maximum global GHGe mitigation through simply considering a mix of solar collector technologies and the best practices for manufacturing them.