bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4.6 kW linearly polarized and narrow-linewidth monolithic fiber amplifier based on a fiber oscillator laser seed
Authors: Liao Shibiao , Luo Tao , Xiao Runheng , Shu Chang , Cheng Junjie , Zhang Zhilun , Xing Yingbin , Li Haiqing , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: November 2023

In this work, a record output power of 4.6 kW linearly polarized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier based on an optimized fiber oscillator laser (FOL) seed was realized by employing a homemade polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fiber (PMYDF), corresponding to a slope efficiency of 79.5% and a 3 dB linewidth of 0.3452 nm. Through an effective strategy relying on decreasing the transmission fiber length from 200 m to 120 m and adding a chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating (CTFBG), the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effects were well-suppressed. By applying the forward combiner with the interconnection between the pump arms into the MOPA system, the MI threshold is increased by more than 560 W and the slope efficiency of the upgraded MOPA system is boosted by 5%. During the experimental process of power amplification, the polarization extinction ratio (PER) remains higher than 15 dB, and a near-diffraction-limited output beam at the laser power of 2980 W was measured with the M2x = 1.314 and M2y = 1.311.
Influence of neutron irradiation on the electronic properties of hexagonal boron nitride measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Wen , Wen Hua , Cheng Xingjia , Zhou Shun , Li Haowen , Wang Zhu , He Gaokui
Published: November 2023

Due to the low atomic number of B, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has a large neutron scattering cross section and, therefore, is an ideal material for the realization of solid-state neutron detector. Here we apply the THz time-domain spectroscopy to study the effect of neutron irradiation on electronic properties of pyrolytic (PBN) and hot-pressed boron nitride (HBN). The key electronic parameters of these samples, such as the static dielectric constant ε
b
, the effective carrier density N*, the carrier relaxation time τ, and the electronic localization factor α, are determined optically, and their dependences upon the neutron irradiation fluence (NIF) are examined. We find that for hBN,N* and ε
b
decrease while τ and |α| increase with increasing NIF. These results can be used to further understand the neutron irradiation effects on the basic physical properties of hBN material. We believe that the results obtained from this work can benefit to the design and application of hBN material for neutron detectors.
Brn3b regulates the formation of fear-related midbrain circuits and defensive responses to visual threat
Authors: Lee Hyoseo , Weinberg-Wolf Hannah , Lee Hae-Lim , Lee Tracy , Conte Joseph , Godoy-Parejo Carlos , Demb Jonathan B. , Rudenko Andrii , Kim In-Jung
Published: November 2023

Defensive responses to visually threatening stimuli represent an essential fear-related survival instinct, widely detected across species. The neural circuitry mediating visually triggered defensive responses has been delineated in the midbrain. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the development and function of these circuits remain unresolved. Here, we show that midbrain-specific deletion of the transcription factor Brn3b causes a loss of neurons projecting to the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. Brn3b deletion also down-regulates the expression of the neuropeptide tachykinin 2 (Tac2). Furthermore, Brn3b mutant mice display impaired defensive freezing responses to visual threat precipitated by social isolation. This behavioral phenotype could be ameliorated by overexpressing Tac2, suggesting that Tac2 acts downstream of Brn3b in regulating defensive responses to threat. Together, our experiments identify specific genetic components critical for the functional organization of midbrain fear-related visual circuits. Similar mechanisms may contribute to the development and function of additional long-range brain circuits underlying fear-associated behavior.
Imaging with spatio-temporal modelling to characterize the dynamics of plant-pathogen lesions
Authors: Leclerc Melen , Jumel Stéphane , Hamelin Frédéric M. , Treilhaud Rémi , Parisey Nicolas , Mammeri Youcef
Published: November 2023

Within-host spread of pathogens is an important process for the study of plant-pathogen interactions. However, the development of plant-pathogen lesions remains practically difficult to characterize beyond the common traits such as lesion area. Here, we address this question by combining image-based phenotyping with mathematical modelling. We consider the spread of Peyronellaea pinodes on pea stipules that were monitored daily with visible imaging. We assume that pathogen propagation on host-tissues can be described by the Fisher-KPP model where lesion spread depends on both a logistic growth and an homogeneous diffusion. Model parameters are estimated using a variational data assimilation approach on sets of registered images. This modelling framework is used to compare the spread of an aggressive isolate on two pea cultivars with contrasted levels of partial resistance. We show that the expected slower spread on the most resistant cultivar is actually due to a significantly lower diffusion coefficient. This study shows that combining imaging with spatial mechanistic models can offer a mean to disentangle some processes involved in host-pathogen interactions and further development may allow a better identification of quantitative traits thereafter used in genetics and ecological studies.
Neural network models for sequence-based TCR and HLA association prediction
Authors: Liu Si , Bradley Philip , Sun Wei
Published: November 2023

T cells rely on their T cell receptors (TCRs) to discern foreign antigens presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. The TCRs of an individual contain a record of this individual’s past immune activities, such as immune response to infections or vaccines. Mining the TCR data may recover useful information or biomarkers for immune related diseases or conditions. Some TCRs are observed only in the individuals with certain HLA alleles, and thus characterizing TCRs requires a thorough understanding of TCR-HLA associations. The extensive diversity of HLA alleles and the rareness of some HLA alleles present a formidable challenge for this task. Existing methods either treat HLA as a categorical variable or represent an HLA by its alphanumeric name, and have limited ability to generalize to the HLAs that are not seen in the training process. To address this challenge, we propose a neural network-based method named Deep learning Prediction of TCR-HLA association (DePTH) to predict TCR-HLA associations based on their amino acid sequences. We demonstrate that DePTH is capable of making reasonable predictions for TCR-HLA associations, even when neither the HLA nor the TCR have been included in the training dataset. Furthermore, we establish that DePTH can be used to quantify the functional similarities among HLA alleles, and that these HLA similarities are associated with the survival outcomes of cancer patients who received immune checkpoint blockade treatments.
Examining the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among healthcare workers in South Africa: A mixed-methods study
Authors: George Gavin , Nota Phiwe , Strauss Michael , Lansdell Emma , Peters Remco P. H. , Brysiewicz Petra , Nadesan-Reddy Nisha , Wassenaar Douglas
Published: November 2023

This study aimed examin the factors associated with the uptake and non-acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Africa. We used a mixed-methods design with data from a web-based self-administered survey followed by semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with selected participants. Of the 6235 HCWs included in our analysis who had fully vaccinated, 3470 (56%) had taken their booster dose with a further 17% intending to get the booster. HCWs aged 35 to 49 years (OR = 1.30 [95% CI: 1.15–1.46]), and those aged 50 years or older (OR = 2.66 [95% CI: 2.32–3.05]) were more likely to get the booster dose. Females were less likely to have received the booster dose (OR = 0.88 [95% CI: 0.79–0.98]) with doctors more likely (OR = 1.58 [95% CI: 1.35–1.84]) than Nurses to have received the booster dose. HCWs in direct contact with patients (OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 1.00–1.38]) and who had previously received a flu vaccine (OR = 1.99 [95% CI: 1.56–2.55]) were more likely to have received the booster dose. Four themes emerged from the qualitative data analysis: (1) Vaccination as routine practice among HCWs; (2) Emergence of new COVID-19 variants necessitating vaccine boosters; (3) Fear of potential side-effects; and (4) Limited value of COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Some HCWs broadly accepted the value of vaccination, and believed that boosters were necessary to effectively combat emergent new virus strains, which contrasted with peers who believed that boosters offered little defence against virus mutations. Fear prohibited some HCWs from getting the booster, with some having experienced adverse side effects from their initial vaccination, whilst others were concerned about future complications. Waning booster uptake rates could be arrested through invigorated communication strategies, while effective evidence-based training can potentially create positive normative vaccination practices amongst HCWs.
Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiasis with an emphasis on taeniasis in Chipata district of the Eastern province of Zambia
Authors: Zulu Gideon , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Welte Tamara M. , Simuunza Martin C. , Stelzle Dominik , Schmidt Veronika , Hachangu Alex , Mutale Wilbroad , Masuku Maxwell , Chembensofu Mwelwa , da Costa Clarissa Prazeres , Mwape Kabemba E. , Winkler Andrea S. , Phiri Isaac K.
Published: November 2023

Background

Intestinal helminth infections are among the most common infections worldwide and have a negative impact on the health, education, nutrition and economic development of affected populations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis, including T. solium taeniasis, using a large-scale community-based study in Chiparamba area of Chipata District in the Eastern province of Zambia.

Methods/Principal findings

A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2019 and December 2022 in a rural community of 25 randomly selected villages known to be at risk for T. solium infection. Stool samples were examined for intestinal helminths using the formol-ether concentration technique and further tested for taeniasis by copro antigen-ELISA (copro Ag-ELISA). Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and associations between the disease prevalence of active infections and individual- and village-level variables were determined using the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Predictors of an individual being positive for either taeniasis or other soil-transmitted helminths were determined using binary logistic regression. A total of 2762 stool samples were examined. One hundred ninety-five (7.1%) tested positive for at least one helminthic parasite on microscopy, with hookworm being the most frequent 84 (3.0%), followed by S. mansoni, 66 (2.4%). For taeniasis, 11 (0.4%) participants were positive for Taenia spp. microscopically, while 241 (8.7%) tested positive via copro Ag-ELISA. On bivariate analysis, male sex was significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites (p = 0.012) but not with that of taeniasis based on copro Ag-ELISA results. Village level differences were significant for infection with intestinal helminths as well as for taeniasis positivity on copro Ag-ELISA (p <0.001).

Conclusion

Intestinal helminths, including T. solium taeniasis, are prevalent in Chiparamba area of Chipata district in the eastern province of Zambia, supporting the clear need for further targeted public health interventions for surveillance and control.
Dynamic analysis of the individual patterns of intakes, voids, and bladder sensations reported in bladder diaries collected in the LURN study
Authors: Andreev Victor P. , Helmuth Margaret E. , Smith Abigail R. , Zisman Anna , Cameron Anne P. , DeLancey John O. L. , Bushman Wade A.
Published: November 2023

The goal of this study was to develop the novel analytical approach and to perform an in-depth dynamic analysis of individual bladder diaries to inform which behavioral modifications would best reduce lower urinary tract symptoms, such as frequency and urgency. Three-day bladder diaries containing data on timing, volumes, and types of fluid intake, as well as timing, volumes, and bladder sensation at voids were analyzed for 197 participants with lower urinary tract symptoms. A novel dynamic analytic approach to bladder diary time series data was proposed and developed, including intra-subject correlations between time-varying variables: rates of intake, bladder filling rate, and urge growth rate. Grey-box models of bladder filling rate and multivariable linear regression models of urge growth rate were developed for individual diaries. These models revealed that bladder filling rate, rather than urine volume, was the primary determinant of urinary frequency and urgency growth rate in the majority of participants. Simulations performed with the developed models predicted that the most beneficial behavioral modifications to reduce the number of urgency episodes are those that smooth profiles of bladder filling rate, which might include behaviors such as exclusion of caffeine and alcohol and/or other measures, e.g., increasing number and decreasing volumes of intakes.
Oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril protects the heart from Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice
Authors: Kiyomoto Kenichi , Matsuo Ichiro , Suita Kenji , Ohnuki Yoshiki , Ishikawa Misao , Ito Aiko , Mototani Yasumasa , Tsunoda Michinori , Morii Akinaka , Nariyama Megumi , Hayakawa Yoshio , Amitani Yasuharu , Gomi Kazuhiro , Okumura Satoshi
Published: November 2023

Although angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered useful for the treatment of human heart failure, some experimental failing-heart models have shown little beneficial effect of ACE inhibitors in animals with poor oral health, particularly periodontitis. In this study, we examined the effects of the ACE inhibitor captopril (Cap; 0.1 mg/mL in drinking water) on cardiac dysfunction in mice treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) at a dose (0.8 mg/kg/day) equivalent to the circulating level in patients with periodontal disease. Mice were divided into four groups: 1) Control, 2) PG-LPS, 3) Cap, and 4) PG-LPS + Cap. After1 week, we evaluated cardiac function by echocardiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased in PG-LPS-treated mice compared to the control (from 66 ± 1.8 to 59 ± 2.5%), while Cap ameliorated the dysfunction (63 ± 1.1%). The area of cardiac fibrosis was significantly increased (approximately 2.9-fold) and the number of apoptotic myocytes was significantly increased (approximately 5.6-fold) in the heart of PG-LPS-treated group versus the control, and these changes were suppressed by Cap. The impairment of cardiac function in PG-LPS-treated mice was associated with protein kinase C δ phosphorylation (Tyr-311), leading to upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 and xanthine oxidase, and calmodulin kinase II phosphorylation (Thr-286) with increased phospholamban phosphorylation (Thr-17). These changes were also suppressed by Cap. Our results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system might play an important role in the development of cardiac diseases induced by PG-LPS.
Patient experiences with SARS-CoV-2: Associations between patient experience of disease and coping profiles
Authors: Hendrickson Kathryn W. , Hopkins Ramona O. , Groat Danielle L. , Stokes Stephanie C. , Schroeder Fiona M. , Butler Jorie M. , Hirshberg Eliotte L.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2,) caused an influx of patients with acute disease characterized by a variety of symptoms termed COVID-19 disease, with some patients going on to develop post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Individual factors like sex or coping styles are associated with a person’s disease experience and quality of life. Individual differences in coping styles used to manage COVID-19 related stress correlate with physical and mental health outcomes. Our study sought to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms, severity of acute disease, and coping profiles.

Methods

An online survey to assess symptoms, functional status, and recovery in a large group of patients was nationally distributed online. The survey asked about symptoms, course of illness, and included the Brief-COPE and the adapted Social Relationship Inventory. We used descriptive and cluster analyses to characterize patterns of survey responses.

Results

976 patients were included in the analysis. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were fatigue (72%), cough (71%), body aches/joint pain (66%), headache (62%), and fever/chills (62%). 284 participants reported PACS. We described three different coping profiles: outward, inward, and dynamic copers.

Discussion

Fatigue, cough, and body aches/joint pains were the most frequently reported symptoms. PACS patients were sicker, more likely to have been hospitalized. Of the three coping profiles, outward copers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and had the healthiest coping strategies. Dynamic copers activated several coping strategies both positive and negative; they were also younger and more likely to report PACS.

Conclusion

Cough, fatigue, and body aches/joint pain are common and most important to patients with acute COVID-19, while shortness of breath defined the experience for patients with PACS. Of the three coping profiles, dynamic copers were more likely to report PACS. Additional investigations into coping profiles in general, and the experience of COVID-19 and PACS is needed.
Working conditions of the clinical health workforce in the public health facilities in Bangladesh
Authors: Hamid Syed Abdul , Azim Md. Ragaul , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Islam Md. Sirajul
Published: November 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of a well-equipped and supported healthcare workforce, and Bangladesh still faces challenges in providing adequate and well-equipped healthcare services. Therefore, the study aims to assess the level of working conditions of the clinical health workers in Bangladesh and their relative importance in delivering quality healthcare services.

Methods

The study followed a cross-sectional study design and collected primary data adopting a quantitative method. A total of 319 clinical workforces from four districts and eight sub-districts were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A 26-component questionnaire used to assess various components of working conditions. Descriptive statistics, and bivariate analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

The study found that the working conditions of clinical health workers in primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Bangladesh were quite poor (3.40), with almost two-thirds of respondents showing negative views in 23 out of 26 indicators. The results also showed that working conditions were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher in primary compared to secondary level facilities. Moreover, men, younger workforce, and workforce with shorter length of service were more likely to report poor working conditions than their counterparts. Lastly, receiving monthly salary in due time was top-ranked (99.15) in terms of importance for delivering quality healthcare, followed by availability of medicines (98.04), and medical and surgical requisites (97.57), and adequate mentoring and support to perform duties (97.50).

Conclusion

The study highlights the poor working conditions of clinical health workers in public health facilities in Bangladesh. It recommends that policymakers should prioritize improving working conditions by addressing the factors that are crucial for delivering quality healthcare. Improving working conditions will have a positive impact on the retention and motivation of workers, which will ultimately lead to better health outcomes for the population.
Does air pollution inhibit digital finance? Evidence from Chinese prefecture-level cities
Authors: Zheng Liya , Cen Tao , Wu Qiaoyun
Published: November 2023

Air pollution poses significant health and economic challenges globally and specifically affecting China. Although air pollution has been associated with decreased productivity and biases in decision-making, its effect on the development of digital finance has received limited attention in the literature. By employing city-level data from China covering the period from 2013 to 2020, this research examines the impact of air pollution on digital finance. The results show that deteriorating air quality has a negligible impact on digitalization, whereas it has a negative impact on financial inclusion, measured by usage and coverage metrics. The negative impact on financial inclusion is more noticeable in economically weaker and less developed urban areas and low R&D than in developed areas and economically robust cities. The mechanism analysis shows that air pollution reduces human capital quality, resulting in a decline in financial inclusivity. These findings have significant policy implications, underscoring the necessity for approaches that simultaneously tackle air pollution and foster financial innovation.
Authentication of Allium ulleungense, A. microdictyon and A. ochotense based on super-barcoding of plastid genome and 45S nrDNA
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Lee Hyo Young , Kang Jong-Soo , Lee Hyeji , Park Ki-Jin , Park Jee Young , Yang Tae-Jin
Published: November 2023

Allium ulleungense (AU) and A. microdictyon (AM) are valuable medicinal and edible vegetables, referred to as mountain garlic in Korea. The identification of AU, AM and a neighboring species A. ochotense (AO) is difficult because of their morphological similarities. We collected samples from three species and 46 cultivated collections to understand the genetic diversity of these valuable Allium species. Among them, we sequenced six collections, including three species and three cultivating collections to obtain data from the plastid genome (plastome) and nuclear 45S ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) for super-barcoding. The AM and AO showed around 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 39 Insertion/Deletion (InDels) in the plastome but no variations in the nrDNA sequences. Conversely, the AU and AM showed more than 170 SNPs and 80 InDels in the plastomes, and 20 SNPs and 1 InDel were found in the 45S nrDNA sequences. Among the three cultivating collections, one TB collection was determined to be the AU type in both plastome and nrDNA sequences. However, the other two collections, JB and SA, showed the AM type plastome but were heterozygous in the 45S nrDNA sequences, indicating both AU and AM types (putative AM x AU hybrid). Ten molecular markers were developed based on sequence variations to identify these three species and assess their genetic diversity. A total of 49 collections were genotyped using the ten developed markers and classified into five groups: 14 AU, 22 AM, 1 AO, 3 putative AM x AU hybrids, and 9 putative AU x AM hybrid collections. Super-barcoding with plastomes and nrDNAs revealed the genetic diversity of the three Allium species and putative hybrids between species. The newly developed markers will facilitate species and hybrid identification, thereby benefiting marker-assisted molecular breeding of Allium species.
Long-term efficacy of transanal local excision versus total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Yihui , Lin Li , Shao Qiming , Chen Weiping , Liu Guoyan
Published: November 2023

Aim

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the long-term efficacy of transanal local excision (TLE) versus total mesorectal excision (TME) following neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.

Method

The Web of Science, Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for correlational research. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used to assess the quality of cohort studies (CSs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), respectively. Statistically analyzed using RevMan5.4.

Result

A total of 13 studies, including 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 cohort studies (CSs), involving 1402 patients, were included in the analysis. Of these, 570 patients (40.66%) underwent TLE, while 832 patients (59.34%) underwent TME. In the meta-analysis of CSs, no significant difference was observed between the TLE group and TME group regarding 5-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) (P > 0.05). However, the TLE group had a higher rates of local recurrence (LR) [risk ratio (RR) = 1.93, 95%CI (1.18, 3.14), P = 0.008] and a lower rates of 5-years local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.79, 95%CI (1.04, 7.50), P = 0.04] compared to the TME group. In the meta-analysis of RCTs, there was no significant difference observed between the TLE group and TME group in terms of LR, 5-year OS, 5-year DFS, and 5-year disease-specific survival (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

After undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, TLE may provide comparable 5-year OS and DFS to TME for rectal cancer. However, neoadjuvant therapy followed by TLE may has a higher LR and lower 5-year LRFS compared to neoadjuvant therapy followed by TME, so patients should be carefully selected. Neoadjuvant therapy followed by TLE may be a suitable option for patients who prioritize postoperative quality of life. However, the effectiveness of this approach requires further research to draw a definitive conclusion.
Intravenous acetaminophen for postoperative pain in the neonatal intensive care unit: A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (IVA POP)
Authors: Archer Victoria Anne , Samiee-Zafarghandy Samira , Farrokyhar Forough , Briatico Daniel , Braga Luis H. , Walton J. Mark
Published: November 2023

Background

In neonates, uncontrolled pain and opioid exposure are both correlated with short- and long-term adverse events. Therefore, managing pain using opioid-sparing approaches is critical in neonatal populations. Multimodal pain control offers the opportunity to manage pain while reducing short- and long-term opioid-related adverse events. Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen may represent an appropriate adjunct to opioid-based postoperative pain control regimes. However, no trials assess this drug in patients less than 36 weeks post-conceptual age or weighing less than 1500 g.

Objective

The proposed study aims to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial to compare IV acetaminophen and fentanyl to a saline placebo and fentanyl for patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergoing major abdominal or thoracic surgery.

Methods and design

This protocol is for a single-centre, external pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Infants in the NICU who have undergone major thoracic or abdominal surgery will be enrolled. Sixty participants will undergo 1:1 randomization to receive intravenous acetaminophen and fentanyl or saline placebo and fentanyl. After surgery, IV acetaminophen or placebo will be given routinely for eight days (192 hours). Appropriate dosing will be determined based on the participant’s gestational age. Patients will be followed for eight days after surgery and will undergo a chart review at 90 days. Primarily feasibility outcomes include recruitment rate, follow-up rate, compliance, and blinding index. Secondary clinical outcomes will be collected as well.

Conclusion

This external pilot RCT will assess the feasibility of performing a multicenter RCT comparing IV acetaminophen and fentanyl to a saline placebo and fentanyl in NICU patients following major abdominal and thoracic surgery. The results will inform the design of a multicenter RCT, which will have the appropriate power to determine the efficacy of this treatment.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05678244, Registered December 6, 2022.
Interdisciplinary interventions that improve patient-reported outcomes in perioperative cancer care: A systematic review of randomized control trials
Authors: Maheta Bhagvat J. , Singh Nainwant K. , Lorenz Karl A. , Fereydooni Sarina , Dy Sydney M. , Wong Hong-nei , Bergman Jonathan , Leppert John T. , Giannitrapani Karleen F.
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Interdisciplinary teams are often leveraged to improve quality of cancer care in the perioperative period. We aimed to identify the team structures and processes in interdisciplinary interventions that improve perioperative patient-reported outcomes for patients with cancer.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL for randomized control trials published at any time and screened 7,195 articles. To be included in our review, studies needed to report patient-reported outcomes, have interventions that occur in the perioperative period, include surgical cancer treatment, and include at least one non physician intervention clinical team member: advanced practice providers, including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, clinical nurse specialists, and registered nurses. We narratively synthesized intervention components, specifically roles assumed by intervention clinical team members and interdisciplinary team processes, to compare interventions that improved patient-reported outcomes, based on minimal clinically important difference and statistical significance.

Results

We included 34 studies with a total of 4,722 participants, of which 31 reported a clinically meaningful improvement in at least one patient-reported outcome. No included studies had an overall high risk of bias. The common clinical team member roles featured patient education regarding diagnosis, treatment, coping, and pain/symptom management as well as postoperative follow up regarding problems after surgery, resource dissemination, and care planning. Other intervention components included six or more months of continuous clinical team member contact with the patient and involvement of the patient’s caregiver.

Conclusions

Future interventions might prioritize supporting clinical team members roles to include patient education, caregiver engagement, and clinical follow-up.
Conserved antigen structures and antibody-driven variations on foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A revealed by bovine neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Li Kun , He Yong , Wang Li , Li Pinghua , Bao Huifang , Huang Shulun , Zhou Shasha , Zhu Guoqiang , Song Yali , Li Ying , Wang Sheng , Zhang Qianliang , Sun Pu , Bai Xingwen , Zhao Zhixun , Lou Zhiyong , Cao Yimei , Lu Zengjun , Liu Zaixin
Published: November 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A is antigenically most variable within serotypes. The structures of conserved and variable antigenic sites were not well resolved. Here, a historical A/AF72 strain from A22 lineage and a latest A/GDMM/2013 strain from G2 genotype of Sea97 lineage were respectively used as bait antigen to screen single B cell antibodies from bovine sequentially vaccinated with A/WH/CHA/09 (G1 genotype of Sea97 lineage), A/GDMM/2013 and A/AF72 antigens. Total of 39 strain-specific and 5 broad neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) were isolated and characterized. Two conserved antigenic sites were revealed by the Cryo-EM structures of FMDV serotype A with two bnAbs W2 and W125. The contact sites with both VH and VL of W125 were closely around icosahedral threefold axis and covered the B-C, E-F, and H-I loops on VP2 and the B-B knob and H-I loop on VP3; while contact sites with only VH of W2 concentrated on B-B knob, B-C and E-F loops on VP3 scattering around the three-fold axis of viral particle. Additional highly conserved epitopes also involved key residues of VP158, VP1147 and both VP272 / VP1147 as determined respectively by bnAb W153, W145 and W151-resistant mutants. Furthermore, the epitopes recognized by 20 strain-specific neutralization antibodies involved the key residues located on VP3 68 for A/AF72 (11/20) and VP3 175 position for A/GDMM/2013 (9/19), respectively, which revealed antigenic variation between different strains of serotype A. Analysis of antibody-driven variations on capsid of two virus strains showed a relatively stable VP2 and more variable VP3 and VP1. This study provided important information on conserve and variable antigen structures to design broad-spectrum molecular vaccine against FMDV serotype A.
Effects of dietary feed supplementation with heat-treated Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 on the health status, blood parameters, and fecal microbes of Japanese Black calves before weaning
Authors: Sasazaki Naoya , Toda Katsuki , Hasunuma Hiroshi , Matsumoto Daisaku , Shinya Urara , Yamato Osamu , Obi Takeshi , Higaki Takashi , Widodo Oky Setyo , Ishii Kunihiko , Igari Naoki , Kazami Daiji , Taniguchi Masayasu , Takagi Mitsuhiro
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Our previous research suggested that heat-killed Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 (HK-LS HS-1) is potentially beneficial for improving intestinal microbes and reducing the number of medical treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HK-LS HS-1 as a supplement in milk replacers (MRs) on clinical health during the 1-month preweaning period. Materials and Methods: Eighteen female calves were randomly assigned to either a group receiving the HK-LS HS-1 supplement (n = 9) or a control group without it (n = 9). We then investigated the effect of including supplementary HK-LS HS-1; 0.2% in MRs twice daily at 09:00 and 16:00 on the health, serum biochemical parameters (measured using an automated biochemical analyzer), and fecal bacteriological changes of preweaning Japanese Black calves at the day of the start of supplementation (before HK-LS HS-1 supplementation; day 0), at weaning (day 30), and at 2 weeks (day 45) and 4 weeks (day 60) after weaning. Results: During the supplementation period (0–30 days), (1) an increase (p = 0.023) was observed in albumin, and there was a tendency of increase in total cholesterol level in the HK-LS HS-1 group but not in the control group; (2) substantial differences were obtained after the weaning period (30–60 days), although no differences were observed from 0–30 days in both groups. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level was substantially increased after weaning in the control group. No differences were observed in the amounts of Coliform spp. and Staphylococcaceae spp. between the two groups; thus, HK-LS HS-1 supplementation had similar antibacterial effects. A significant reduction was observed in the time to weaning of the HK-LS HS-1 group in the field trial. Conclusion: Supplementation with HK-LS HS-1 from an early stage after birth to weaning is a cost-effective treatment to improve the growth rate of preweaning calves. However, supplementation during only preweaning periods appears to have no beneficial effects on preventing weaning stress, especially in terms of AMH levels. Keywords: anti-Müllerian hormone, feed supplementation, heat-killed lactic acid bacteria, probiotic, serum amyloid A.
Unraveling the relationship among inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and host susceptibility to Opisthorchis viverrini infection: A comparative analysis in animal models
Authors: Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Suyapoh Watcharapol , Taiki Nathamon , Tookampee Paramin , Chitchak Ravisara , Thongrin Theerayut , Tangkawattana Prasarn
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced inflammation contributes to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development in humans and animals. Inflammation generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which damage the host’s DNA. However, only 5% of O. viverrini-infected individuals develop malignancy, suggesting that variations in the inflammatory response of individuals to the parasite may influence susceptibility. Due to limitations in studying human susceptibility, we used an animal model to investigate the profiles of inflammatory reactions, oxidative burst, and irreversible DNA damage. This study aimed to explore the potential role of inflammation and RNS in causing DNA damage that may predispose susceptible hosts and non-susceptible animal models to cancer development in O. viverrini infection.

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 Syrian golden hamsters (OV-H) and 30 BALB/c mice (OV-M) infected with O. viverrini, representing susceptible and non-susceptible models, respectively. Five animals per group were examined at six predetermined time points during the experiment. Biliary tract samples were systematically investigated using histopathological evaluation for inflammatory cell infiltration and immunohistochemical staining for RNS production and markers of DNA damage, including nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine. These features were quantified and compared among the experimental groups. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The comparison revealed that the OV-M group exhibited significantly earlier and higher rates of inflammatory cell infiltration during the acute phase, whereas the OV-H group exhibited chronic and more severe inflammation (p < 0.020). Intracellular RNS production and DNA damage were closely associated with the inflammatory response.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates differential responses in susceptible and non-susceptible models of O. viverrini infection regarding disease onset and duration, as well as intracellular RNS production and DNA damage caused by inflammation. Persistent inflammation generated oxidatively damaged DNA, which is a distinct pathological characteristic of susceptible hosts and may be critical for CCA development.

Keywords: cholangiocarcinoma, DNA damage, inflammatory reactions, Syrian golden hamsters.
Development of a recombinase-aided amplification method combined with lateral flow dipstick assay to detect Porcine circovirus type 2
Authors: Homklinkaew Ploypassorn , Phatthanakunanan Sakuna , Jala Siriluk , Boonsoongnern Alongkot , Lertwatcharasarakul Preeda
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a pathogenic virus that suppresses the immune system of pigs, impacting their health and causing economic losses. Rapid diagnostic tools for early detection of PCV2 are critical to disease prevention and control. Several molecular techniques have been established for detecting PCV2 but costly equipment and time-consuming methods are unsuitable for field inspection. In this study, we developed a recombinase-aided amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) assay to compare with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) in detecting PCV2 in suspected field samples.

Materials and Methods: To amplify RAA products, 15 primer pairs were designed from the conserved region of the open reading frame (ORF) 1 gene based on multiple alignments of eight PCV2 genotypes. The most efficient primer pair and conditions for the RAA-LFD assay were tested and selected. Limit of detection, repeatability, and reproducibility were determined using the constructed plasmid. DNA was extracted from positive samples for specificity testing as well as from 100 field samples to compare the detection of the RAA-LFD assay with PCR and qPCR.

Results: The F1/R1 primer pair was chosen and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate at the 5’ end of the forward primer and with biotin at the 5’ end of the reverse primer. The limit of detection of the RAA-LFD assay was 10 copies/μL at 38°C for 30 min. The RAA-LFD assay was repeatable and reproducible, with no cross-reaction with PCV3, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Classical swine fever virus, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - North America strain (PRRSV-US) and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus - European strain (PRRSV-EU). Based on testing with 100 samples, the developed RAA showed 100% specificity and 90.56% and 85.71% sensitivity when compared to PCR and qPCR, respectively Cohen’s kappa coefficients showed a good agreement with the established techniques.

Conclusion: The RAA-LFD assay targeting the ORF1 gene was highly sensitive, specific, quick, and simple to perform in the field.

Keywords: lateral flow dipstick assay, Porcine circovirus type 2, recombinase-aided amplification.
Exploring the relevance of sustainability values and principles
Authors: Thoennessen Joachim , Christensen Jonas
Published: November 2023

This article explores the relevance of sustainability in international social education (ISE). Our empirical data is based on a survey of 30 social work students from Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Sweden. Theoretically, we draw on Bronfenbrenner's theory of social ecosystems and Dewey's emphasis on democratic learning. We use a qualitative approach based on Strauss' Grounded Theory, which allows us to dig deep into the meanings of the students we interviewed. The interviewed students experienced more or less continuously that learning in an international context is learning with all senses, is a "24/7 learning", and is learning in another language (at least most of the time). The results of our survey underline that acquiring knowledge in an international context contributes to a comprehensive understanding of social work as a profession and to the formation of a broad and professional identity. This includes a broad range of critical and systemic thinking skills that enable enquiry, integration and holistic thinking, i.e. sustainability.
Ensaios geofísicos em um aquífero fissural do tipo calha elúvio-aluvionar
Authors: Silva Jesimael Avelino da , Medeiros Walter Eugênio de , Jardim de Sá Emanuel Ferraz , Nascimento da Silva Carlos César , Oliveira Júnior Josibel Gomes de , Silva Iago Domingos Rabelo da
Published: November 2023

Ensaios geofísicos (eletrorresistividade, potencial espontâneo e VLF) foram efetuados com observações geológicas ao longo de perfis transversais a um riacho localizado na Fazenda Santa Rita, município de Santa Cruz, leste do Estado do RN. Foi caracterizada uma estrutura de acumulação de água subterrânea em rochas cristalinas ao longo de estruturação dúctil. O riacho tem direção ENE-WSW com cobertura elúvio-aluvionar. Afloramentos de gnaisse mostram relação angular do riacho com a foliação, que mergulha para sul. Ocorrem também fraturas subverticalizadas N-S. Dados geofísicos confirmam a ausência de fraturas E-W e delineiam as bordas de uma estrutura em forma de calha preenchida por aluvião e regolito. Este modelo caracteriza-se, no método geoelétrico, por linhas de isovalores de resistividade aparente inclinadas, com altos valores em suas bordas, contrastando com linhas subhorizontalizadas e de menores valores no centro, indicando a borda sul da calha mais íngreme do que a norte. Ao longo da calha, não há correlação de anomalias de VLF, porém dados de potencial espontâneo evidenciam as bordas em contato com rochas cristalinas. Este modelo denomina-se calha elúvio-aluvionar e os controles locais de acumulação de água são o relevo em subsuperfície desenvolvido por intemperismo aproveitando a foliação da rocha e a sua conexão com a drenagem.
The difficulties of diagnosing and determining the tactics of treating osteoporosis in severe spinal scoliosis case
Authors: Tsoriev T. T. , Skripnikova I. A. , Kosmatova O. V. , Kolchina M. A.
Published: November 2023

A female patient with early surgical menopause and severe S-shaped scoliosis was diagnosed with osteoporosis at the place of residence and treated with a bisphosphonate (zoledronic acid). Despite the deformity of the spine and chest, the patient had no complaints until recently and led an active lifestyle. During X-ray densitometry at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, in particular when examining the lumbar spine, there were difficulties with positioning the patient for correct scanning of the area of interest and, as a result, obtaining information about the true state of trabecular bone tissue. Bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur was consistent with osteopenia. Additional laboratory and instrumental parameters, such as biochemical markers of bone remodelling (osteocalcin and C-terminal type 1 collagen telopeptide) and trabecular bone score (TBS), also did not allow to precise the risk of fractures and make an unambiguous conclusion about the necessity of continuing antiresorptive therapy. Given the low BMD values in lumbar spine (T-score -4.8 SD) and the possibility of developing vertebral compression fractures as a result of minimal trauma with further chest deformity progression and vital organs failure, it was decided to continue treatment with zoledronic acid. Further therapeutic tactics will be determined after the next scheduled examination in 1 year.
Identidades Profissionais de Contadores no Papel de Controllers Business Partners
Authors: Fabris Juliana , Oro Ieda Margarete , Machado Hilka Pelizza Vier
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: analisar como são constituídas as identidades profissionais dos contadores no papel de controllers business partners à luz dos processos de socialização nos sistemas de ação nos quais estão inseridos.
Método: utilizou-se a abordagem sociológica de Claude Dubar, pautada na identidade profissional. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais contadores controllers e a respectiva alta gestão de cada empresa. Coletou-se também dados dos participantes por meio de formulário on-line. Foi um estudo qualitativo com categorias gerais a priori e pesquisa indutiva que identificou, a posteriori, elementos constitutivos da identidade profissional, por meio de análise de conteúdo e análise narrativa, amparadas pelo software QSR NVivo®.
Resultados: evidências empíricas corroboram o argumento de que a identidade profissional desses controllers business partners é constituída por uma amplitude de elementos articulados entre transação objetiva e subjetiva: centralidade do trabalho vivenciada desde a infância; origem socioeconômica; renúncias em esferas da vida pessoal e profissional; empregabilidade; aprendizagem experiencial e teórico-prática continuada; interações socioprofissionais multidisciplinares; competências tributárias e societárias; hibridez de responsabilidades e profissional; e gestão.
Contribuições: o estudo contribuiu com a compreensão de identidades profissionais de contadores nos papéis de controllers business partners no mundo dos negócios, a partir dos elementos históricos e sociais. Avança ao confrontar a opinião de profissionais com os respectivos superiores que requerem papéis operacionais, mas também a ampliação do papel estratégico dos controllers. Estes, apesar de incorporar essa atribuição, buscam uma alternativa para equilibrar ou se desvincular de papéis operacionais.
La reparación del daño a la víctima como elemento de individualización de la pena: la atenuante del art. 21.5 CP desde una perspectiva restaurativa
Authors: Domínguez Izquierdo Eva M.ª
Published: November 2023

La reparación voluntaria de los perjuicios ocasionados por el delito a la víctima como circunstancia que atenúa la responsabilidad penal, adquiere especial relevancia en la práctica judicial por cuanto, despojada de los tintes moralistas de otras épocas, se alinea con un Derecho penal de corte restaurativo que pone su centro de atención en la satisfacción de los intereses de la víctima, sin olvidar los efectos preventivos que comporta el hecho de que el infractor proceda a reparar o disminuir los efectos del delito. Una visión excesivamente utilitarista y objetivada de la misma puede llevar a confundir la circunstancia con la responsabilidad civil derivada del delito y frustrar su cometido. Por ello, se hace necesario interpretar sus elementos materiales y temporales desde una óptica restaurativa que no olvide las finalidades preventivas.