bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaining the edge in new business development
Authors: Jackson Stuart E.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

Most managers understand that the ability of their business to out‐perform competitors and earn strong returns is greatest when they stick closely to markets that they know well and where they have all the advantages of the incumbent. But if successful strategy is all about playing to our strengths – which of course tend to concentrate in those sectors where we've been doing business successfully for years – how do we ever do anything new? How do we tap into new sources of growth while still finding competitive advantage and building value for shareholders? In this article, the author shows how business leaders can overcome this paradox.

Design/methodology/approach

The article discusses diverse examples from healthcare, airlines, retailing, package delivery and jet engines.

Findings

Strategic market position is a framework that enables managers to understand the range of business activities that are within bounds of where existing businesses can support competitive advantage and strong profitability.

Originality/value

The article shows how strategic market position can help uncover profitable new business growth.
Access to distributed learning material: the EASEL solution
Authors: Sandford Paul , Slavic Aida , Cox Andrew
Published: June 2007

This paper starts with an overview of why and how online learning material is being reused. This sets the context for a detailed description of EASEL (Educator Access to Services in the Electronic Landscape, http://www.fdgroup.com/easel). This European project is directed towards technological solutions for the reuse and sharing of teaching and learning materials available online. In doing so EASEL deploys emerging open international standards for educational metadata and develops some original approaches to ‘content packaging), course construction tools and cross metadata searching through a Z39.50 and an XML/RDF search gateway.
Learning and teaching ‐ the librarian’s contribution: an introduction
Authors: Godwin Peter
Published: June 2007

Librarians are key players in facilitating student learning in higher education. This has always been true, but recent trends in student behaviour and technological change have made our role even more significant. This is the message of the following papers. The development of mass higher education at the time of an information revolution has made information skills one of the most important of the key skills which all students need to get a good degree and succeed in whatever career path they follow. New electronic developments, especially individual student learning environments, can transform the student experience.
From virtuos to virtual: the collaborative development of information skills at the University of Hull
Authors: Pennie David , Barnett Katy , Chin Paul , Dolphin Ian
Published: June 2007

This article summarises the development of information skills teaching for undergraduates and postgraduates at the University of Hull, including the move to accredited modules with self‐study materials. Virtual learning environments are discussed, and the experiences of placing two self‐study information skills modules on the Blackboard CourseInfo VLE are described. Some future plans are outlined.
Enhancing teaching and learning at UCL: the Access to Core Course Materials Project and the Key Skills Web Development Project
Authors: Secker Jane , McAvinia Claire
Published: June 2007

Reports on two projects at University College London (UCL) involving collaboration between information specialists and academic departments to support the university’s Learning and Teaching strategy. The Access Project is developing an electronic course materials system, and the Key Skills Web Development project is delivering customised skills resource material online.
Security in use: striking the right balance
Authors: Currall James
Published: June 2007

The papers in this volume look at security from a variety of viewpoints. Behind all the papers is the idea that security is important and that security can and should be improved. The papers ask some fairly fundamental questions and provide considerable food for thought. In this paper I am looking at the landscape and making an assumption that a change in culture as a result of better understanding of technology will result from increasing familiarity with technology and its limitations.
Off‐campus access: a case study of South Bank University
Authors: Brock Sally , Justice Sally
Published: June 2007

South Bank University has sought to invest heavily in electronic journals and databases. To gain the best value from these services, three solutions to off‐ campus access are offered, one of which has been designed in‐house. This article outlines South Bank University’s approach to off‐campus access, covering the practicalities of administering the systems used, along with promotion and training.
Security issues in Online Distance Learning
Authors: Furnell S.M. , Karweni T.
Published: June 2007

This paper considers the issue of security in the provision of online distance learning. Security represents an aspect that may not suggest itself as a high priority in an educational environment, but evidence indicates that it is definitely required. The discussion presents an overview of the key security requirements and the main technical elements needed to address them.
Digital certificates and public key infrastructure
Authors: Robiette Alan
Published: June 2007

Digital certificates promise to provide the next major leap forward in authentication, and are in fact in use today to secure some e‐commerce transactions. The paper describes what digital certificates are, what they can be used for and what the state of this technology is at present; it also discusses the problems hindering wider deployment of certificates and what needs to be done for them to gain wider acceptance.
Linking: the state of play today
Authors: Brunelle Bette
Published: June 2007

This paper presents a high‐level overview of linking, with a consideration of what can and
can not be accomplished with present‐day technology and products. The intended purpose is to help readers make informed decisions about what a full text and linking product mix can bring to your institution.
Agent Technology concepts in a heterogeneous distributed searching environment
Authors: Dent Valeda Frances , Hall Wendy , Harris Stephen , Hey Jessie , Martinez Kirk
Published: June 2007

Hybrid libraries provide multiple ways to access information in various formats, normally within a common information framework. The eLib project MALIBU (MAnaging the Hybrid LIbrary for the Benefit of Users) focuses on the development of models, both prototypic and theoretic, for management and organisation of the hybrid library. This article describes the agent technology used for the MALIBU prototype search engine that allows for the search and retrieval of information from disparate resources.
Talis: the power to inform
Authors: Cox Andrew
Published: June 2007

The article, based on an interview with their new MD, describes the market position and strategy of Talis Information Ltd. Talis claim to be market leaders in the combined market for library management systems in academic and public libraries. Some of the Talis library system’s key features are described. As are the company’s attitudes to product development, project work and standards development.
Do we need a security culture?
Authors: Cormack Andrew
Published: June 2007

Failures of security rarely touch users and it is easy to dismiss the subject as a purely technical one. With the increasing reliance on computers for business critical systems, and in the light of the fragility of trust online reliability is becoming an increasingly important issue. Information Assurance (IA) is a method for achieving reliability in computer systems, which has been developed out of traditional risk management concepts. For the consistency of behaviour IA requires there needs to be a security culture among users, a shared set of beliefs, values and behaviour.This paper discusses the nature of such a security culture and how it may be created.
Web site design and content management
Authors: Cox Andrew
Published: June 2007

This issue of Vine tackles some of the big issues in web site management: design for accessibility and usability, content management and usage analysis, all discussed in information service contexts.
Design shirk: disparities between the wealth of our material and the poverty of its use
Authors: Klein Leo Robert
Published: June 2007

Libraries and other institutions of higher learning have a number of advantages when it comes to developing web‐based media. First they are repositories of large amounts of traditional content which they can digitise and make available to the public to great effect. Second they have a role in instruction which acts as a great incentive to develop original materials of all sorts for online use. Both these factors are the building blocks of a considerable presence on the web yet they do not always lead to an equivalently prominent level of accomplishment in execution or, more specifically, in design. The following article examines this situation, its causes, and what can be done to remedy it.
Approaches to web accessibility
Authors: Poole Nick
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this article is to examine the existing tools and guidance available to museums, archives and libraries, and then to consider new technologies such as accessible Portable Document Format files and additional modules for existing web development software. The article reviews current tools, standards and guidelines in accessibility such as WAI, RNIB Digital Access Campaign, Information Age Government Champions guidelines, Bobby validator, Access Adobe and the Macromedia Dreamweaver Accessibility Extension. Two Case Studies concerning accessibility are included.
Intranet usability ‐ tackling the management issues around implementing usable design on an Intranet
Authors: Agarwal Sarah
Published: June 2007

The article discusses the practical management issues raised by making an Intranet useable. Starting with a definition of usability in relation to Intranets, the author moves on to suggest that the difficulties in creating Intranets lies not in learning theory or with technical issues, but in the education of users and contributors.
Forget ‘static’ ‐ get ‘dynamic’! Using Active Server Pages to manage electronic resources
Authors: Brabban Philip James , Kobasa Paul
Published: June 2007

As academic libraries subscribe to a growing number of electronic resources, traditional static HTML pages are becoming
increasingly unmanageable. This article describes Durham University Library’s efforts to create database‐driven dynamic web pages which enable the user to locate the resources they need whilst also remaining manageable for library staff.
Content management systems for Intranets
Authors: White Martin
Published: June 2007

This article looks at the issues that need to be considered in specifying and purchasing content management software for an Intranet. The differences between the content management requirements of a web site and those of an Intranet are emphasised, and guidance is provided on the selection of a software supplier.
Web site statistics
Authors: Yeadon Jane
Published: June 2007

There are three levels of Web site statistics: page counters, third party services and log analysis packages. Log analysis can tell the Web master about changes in site usage over time, the popularity of certain pages, guide design and uncover navigational problems. A case study shows how Learning and Information Services South Bank University have used log analysis to fine‐tune the design of their site, LISA.
Rationalism vs. Incrementalism: two opposing or complementary strategies for effecting change in HEI web development
Authors: McConnell Mike , Middleton Iain A.
Published: June 2007

The paper examines rationalist and incrementalist approaches for effecting change in website management. Planning is a
traditionally rationalist activity that requires specific objectives and timescales to be set, resources to be allocated, and assumes that a desired future state is indeed definable and achievable. The paper argues that the web is too diverse and broad in scope to be addressed as a whole in purely rationalist terms: successful development requires the intelligent application of incrementalist measures. The authors examine a number of rationalist and incrementalist measures in use at two UK HEIs. One approach stimulates incremental buy‐in by encouraging departments to either adopt standards recommended by a central web management team, or by contracting the team for web development and maintenance. A second “rationalist” approach attempts to define the ideal future state, and then implement the requisite technologies and practices as a campus‐wide standard. The paper discusses the pros and cons of rationalist and incrementalist approaches, and the need for a balance between each in a successful web strategy.
Cataloguing the World Wide Web: CORC at Edinburgh University
Authors: Mulligan Zena , MacColl John
Published: June 2007

This article examines Edinburgh University Library’s experience of using OCLC’s Co‐operative Online Resource Catalogue (CORC). It discusses the project phase of CORC, its functionality, including automatic
metadata harvesting and its ability to map between MARC and Dublin Core metadata formats. It also looks at how CORC fits into Edinburgh University Library’s policies regarding web resources, highlighting benefits and concerns associated with the system.
Accessing electronic journals
Authors: Radford Martin
Published: June 2007

Many electronic journals are licensed on the basis that allowing connections from a specified IP address range is “good enough” as a mechanism for identifying authorised users. This is inadequate when legitimate users wish to connect from home via a commercial ISP. This paper discusses a novel approach to allowing this in a secure fashion, using Squid on Unix.
One author’s view of electronic books
Authors: Cox Andrew
Published: June 2007

An interview with Feona Hamilton, author of Belaset’s Daughter. With her long background in electronic publishing
Feona Hamilton is perhaps not the typical e‐book author, but she does make out a compelling case against authors’ and publishers’ fears about ebooks. She believes that in the next three to five years publishing fiction in electronic form will
come to be as accepted by authors, publishers and readers as print publication.
Electronic journals in the real world: a practical approach to cataloguing
Authors: Backham D , Boyle F , Wiechers M
Published: June 2007

The University of Liverpool Library like other large academic libraries is constantly looking at the resource implications of supporting and maintaining a growing portfolio of electronic resources within the hybrid library. The streamlining of the maintenance of electronic journals within the Innovative Interface Inc. Innopac environment is described, as are local cataloguing procedures. The practical solution of one point of record maintenance whilst maintaining two routes to resource‐linking is outlined.
Integrating access to digital collections: MAP from Innovative Interfaces
Authors: Davidson Laurie
Published: June 2007

Libraries offer a diverse array of information resources‐both in electronic and print formats. The challenge for libraries is to provide access to all of these resources in an integrated and user‐friendly way. MAP (Millennium AccessPlus) meets this challenge with three different functions: WebBridge, MetaFind, and WebAccess Management. Together, these tools provide libraries with the ability to manage and control access to all of their information resources by providing smart linking, multi‐protocol meta‐searching, and authentication.
XML for discovering resources in libraries, museums and archives
Authors: Yeates Robin
Published: June 2007

Extensible Markup Language (XML) enables machines to understand each other via the Web as well as human beings. Archives,libraries and museums are likely to want to make use of XML for offering their catalogues and finding aids as well as digital resources themselves. The two‐year collaborative Contemporary Culture Virtual Archive in XML (COVAX) project is being funded by the European Commission to investigate the suitability of XML for this purpose and to build a working cultural gateway.
Digitising slides for the DNER ‐ a case history
Authors: Sandford Paul
Published: June 2007

LITC at South Bank University (SBU) was funded through the JISC under the DNER 5/99 programme to digitise pre‐indexed 35mm slides of buildings, architectural features, and environmental subjects. The digital images will be mounted in the VADS JISC funded repository for wide dissemination by the end of 2001. The total project budget was £41,000, including £26,000 from the JISC. The funding provided for a 12‐ month project period to end July 2001, with actual digitisation being carried out by iBase on SBU premises between March and June 2001. The initial target for digitisation was 20,000 slides, dependent on a number of factors as will be highlighted below. The costs of hosting the digital collection by VADS was not included in project funding.
Shaping a strategy for e‐books: the role of the DNER
Authors: Edwards Louise , Woodward Hazel
Published: June 2007

This article describes the role of the E‐Books Working Group of the Distributed National Electronic Resource )DNER).
Electronic books for everyone: designing for accessibility
Authors: Wilson Ruth
Published: June 2007

This paper discusses the accessibility issues surrounding electronic books, focusing on the opportunities and potential dangers of this new technology, relevant emerging standards, and commercial products that aim to make ebooks accessible to readers with disabilities and learning difficulties.
JISC development
Authors: Ingram Caroline
Published: June 2007

Concerned mainly with a range of development activities and particularly the development of the information environment, which is about delivering real resources to students, teachers and researchers, in meaningful ways which enables ease of use.
JISC QA Focus
Authors: Napier Marieke
Published: June 2007

In this article, Marieke Napier and Ed Bremner introduce the new JISC Quality Assurance (QA) Focus post, discussing how it will operate and the benefits it will provide, the challenges it faces and how it will affect projects.
Virtual Departments for Minority Languages (VDML)
Authors: Hughes Jane , King Terry
Published: June 2007

The VDML Project shows how the Information Environment can enhance the work of staff and students in small foreign languages departments. It aims to combat teacher isolation, develop better learning materials and increase the variety of learning activities for students. The project has developed a pilot virtual department, linking Danish students and teachers in three UK universities. For the past year, teachers have used this to share the development of new learning tasks that have been used by students. The project is therefore concerned both with content development and re‐use, and with changing working practices for teachers and students.
PATOIS: Information architectures, learning, and teaching for the historic environment
Authors: Fernie Kate , Kilbride William , McKinney Pete , Richards Julian
Published: June 2007

The Archaeology Data Service (ADS) is funded by JISC and AHRB to support research, learning and teaching with high quality and dependable digital resources. Since its foundation in 1996, the ADS has made available online a whole range of digital data sets that have been used within research and teaching. The diverse and growing catalogue of data sets includes the National Monuments Record of Scotland, back‐runs of the Council for British Archaeology Research Reports and the Archway Table of Contents and Journal Locator tools. It includes discrete but extensive archives from archaeological fieldwork and research.
The triad of paradigms in globalization, ICT, and knowledge management interplay
Authors: Mohamed Mirghani S.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to investigate the synergetic effects of knowledge management (KM) and information and communication technologies (ICT) on globalization progression. Then the article seeks to portray how this synergy can be employed in various KM activities and processes to transubstantiate a national company into an effective boundaryless global knowledge‐based enterprise (GKBE).

Design/methodology/approach

The article reviews and interprets the relevant literature on both globalization and knowledge management technology. The resultant insights are used to reveal the synergy and to develop a butterfly model that shows the interconnectedness and the domino effects of KM activities on globalization advancement.

Findings

Owing to the significant differences between the national and the global knowledge‐based enterprise (GKBE) the butterfly framework has been proposed, utilizing the benefits from the synergy of the major globalization components. The call for implementing KM practices to improve globalization efficiency came as a result of the unknown parameters within the new global market competition.

Practical implications

Globalization has become increasingly complex and challenging for many multinational companies. This article will help these companies to solve the problem using KM strategy as facilitated by ICT and human cognitive efforts. Owing to the complexity of the issue, the solution is in turn multifaceted and can only be achieved through a consistent system thinking.

Originality/value

The model presents a road‐map for multinational global operations managers and KM practitioners when developing their strategy for competitive advantage.
Cyberinfrastructure: an emerging knowledge management platform
Authors: Mohamed Mirghani S.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to outline the capabilities of cyberinfrastructure (CI) as a new knowledge‐sharing conduit. The article introduces CI properties and parameters that align with KM concepts and principles. It also describes the utilization of a CI framework in facilitating virtual enterprises and their communities. Finally, the article outlines the three major challenges in the way of CI deployment as a knowledge mobilization medium in the public domain.

Design/methodology/approach

The article reviews extensive literature on CI from the approach of KM principles. It summarizes the relationship between CI and previous network architectures, and how that contributes to its expected dominance as a new KM platform.

Findings

CI can be regarded as the architecture that narrows the historical gap between KM and the bivalent logic technologies. This can be attributed to the fact that it adds people and services to fundamental network components. However, KM practitioners must be cautious in utilizing it to deploy KM programs. This is due to the inherited binary effects, information overloading, and security issues surrounding open, inter‐operable environments.

Originality/value

This overview consists of useful information on an inventive network configuration and its appropriateness as a new KM platform.
KM: from concept to theory to practice
Authors: Kaplan William S. , Thomson Reed Anne F.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to impart how Acquisition Solutions, Inc. is moving knowledge management “from concept to theory to practice” through an ability to connect, collect, and collaborate at all levels “as part of the way we do business”. It demonstrates how the void that exists between the theories about “knowledge management” and the delivery of clear and specific knowledge management practices that “deliver on the promise of KM” is filled.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide brief company context and the knowledge challenges faced in considering future evolution and growth, such as improving the ability to leverage the hidden value of corporate knowledge in business development and new solution creation, strengthening the ability to learn from past challenges and successes in strategic decision making and client solution delivery, and creating value from knowledge, experience, and insight held by both employees and clients. The authors discuss a Knowledge Convergence© strategy, implementing framework and model and how to integrate these into consulting operations – employing an Applied Innovation Model© to continually improve solution delivery by integrating communities of practice, attention to business practice methodologies, and the development of competencies in the workforce.

Findings

The paper presents ten learnings, including the fundamental understandings that “it is not about knowledge management, it's about knowledge leadership” as well as “capture and reuse must be part of business operations and not something extra”.

Originality/value

This paper is written for practitioners who are focused on performing and learning to improve the performance of individuals, teams, and organizations.
Printed circuit boards for lead‐free soldering: materials and failure mechanisms
Authors: Johander Per , Tegehall Per‐Erik , Ahmed Osman Abelrahim , Wetter Göran , Andersson Dag
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of previous exposure to moisture on delamination and formation of CAF (conductive anodic filament) in printed circuit boards used for lead‐free soldering.

Design/methodology/approach

The moisture absorption and desorption characteristics of printed circuit boards were evaluated according to the IPC/JEDEC J‐STD‐020C standard for handling of moisture sensitive components. The CAF test was performed according to IPC‐TM‐650, Test Method 2.6.25.

Findings

Printed circuit boards used for lead‐free soldering must be treated as moisture sensitive components. Severe delamination occurred on test boards that had been exposed to JEDEC level 1 conditions prior to soldering, while no delamination was observed on boards exposed to level 3. Furthermore, previous moisture and thermal exposure had a strong influence on CAF formation. The insulation resistance dropped three decades in less than 15 h in the worst case.

Research limitations/implications

There are considerable stresses on printed circuit boards in lead‐free soldering processes. The influence from materials and processes is very large on the CAF formation. Therefore, a useful strategy is to evaluate the CAF properties for each supplier and material.

Originality/value

The paper pin‐points previous moisture exposure as a very important factor for delamination and CAF formation and confirms that printed circuit boards must be treated as moisture sensitive components.
Selection and qualification of polymers for rigid and flexible interconnect applications
Authors: Schuessler Florian , Feldmann Klaus , Bigl Thomas
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to give an overview on the benefits and challenges of moulded interconnect devices‐technology and the use of flexible printed circuits (FPC) in electronics production.

Design/methodology/approach

Each process step was adapted to the boundary conditions of manufacturing three‐dimensional substrates and FPC. The substrate materials were examined under the specific requirements of electronics production with a special focus on the thermal stability of the materials and the adhesiveness of the metallization.

Findings

The use of thermoplastics as substrate materials for electronic devices offers high potential but new challenges, e.g. the higher coefficient of thermal expansion of thermoplastics, have to be taken into consideration as well. In most cases, standard machines for surface mount technology can be used with few modifications. Research has shown that even components with very fine pitches can be used successfully on alternative substrate materials.

Research limitations/implications

The paper covers a selection of possible thermoplastic materials that can be used in electronics production. Depending on the requirements of the application and the operating environment other substrate materials open up a large variety of possible solutions.

Originality/value

The paper details the most promising thermoplastic materials for use in electronics production as rigid and FPC. Furthermore, it gives information about manufacturing guidelines for the production of three‐dimensional circuit carriers.
The Contamination Audit – A Vital Tool For Yield Improvement
Authors: Hamilton S.
Published: June 2007

With the increasing trends towards fineline circuitry,
contamination has become a major cause of defects. This paper outlines the techniques used in
conducting a Contamination Audit and in generating a Contamination Matrix, which is a map of the
types of contamination and their relative levels within a facility. Using the Contamination Matrix
contamination control measures can be targetted in the most effective manner to achieve yield
improvements.
Electrochemical Migration in Multichip Modules
Authors: Rudra B. , Li M.J. , Pecht M. , Jennings D.
Published: June 2007

Laminated substrates are used widely in the manufacture of multichip
modules (MCM‐L) by the electronic packaging industry. Of late, the thrust has
been towards higher density circuitry to achieve improved performance and reduced size. This has
led to the use of finer lines and spacings, smaller drilled holes and buried vias in organic laminates
leading to reliability issues such as electrochemical migration. One of the
forms of electrochemical migration is known as conductive filament formation. Conductive filament
formation is an electrochemical process. In accelerated environments of temperature and humidity,
organic laminates can develop a loss of insulation resistance between conductors, eventually resulting
in loss of electrical function of the circuit. The paper aims at discussing electrochemical migration in
general, and conductive filament formation in particular, and its impact on the reliability of
MCM‐L.
MID Interconnection Considerations
Authors: van Alst G. , van Dijk P. , van Meijl F.
Published: June 2007

Various methods are described of making
separable electrical connections to MID structures. The first
part discusses the use of a copper plated,
glass filled plastic substrate as a contact surface. It is shown
that the morphology is different from that
of conventional contacts due to the presence of dendritic growths,
further that mechanical properties
like stiffness and strength are lower than for solid copper. The
second part discusses the application of
two conventional techniques ‐ elastromeric connectors and
compliant pins. Elastomeric
connectors are designed to form a high density, separable
interface using gold plated conductors.
Compliant pins pressed into plated‐through holes form very
reliable, high normal force
connections without the need for noble metal plating. Two
compliant pin designs have been tested with
plated holes in two versions, moulded and drilled. All
combinations show excellent electrical
stability; however, differences were found in mechanical
behaviour between the various pin and
hole combinations.
Development of Flip‐chip Joining Technology on Flexible Circuitry Using Anistropically Conductive Adhesives and Eutectic Solder*
Authors: Liu J. , Boustedt K. , Lai Z.
Published: June 2007

Electronic packaging is increasingly becoming a vital part of the electronics industry, representing a key barrier to cost reduction and performance improvement. Of all the packaging methods, flip‐chip technology offers, up to now, the highest packaging density and best electrical performance. In this paper, flip‐chip test design considerations, process development and driving forces for adhesive joining and soldering flip‐chip processes will be given. Reliability test results of flip‐chip interconnection technology using conductive adhesive joining will also be presented. The electrical contact nature of the adhesive joint will be elaborated in the light of continuous and static electrical resistance measurement. Future research work directions in flip‐chip joining using eutectic solder and conductive adhesives on flexible circuits will also be discussed.
The Correlation between Short‐ and Long‐term SIR Testing
Authors: Ellis B.N.
Published: June 2007

Surface insulation resistance (SIR) testing is mainly used as a qualification procedure to determine the
‘best’ combination of materials and processes for a given application. The usual tests are
destructive and last generally from ten to 56 days, 28 days being very common. It is clear that such
tests are unsuitable for production quality control. With cleaned boards, ionic contamination testing is
current and is specified in many standards. Even so, the presence of non‐ionic hygroscopic
contaminants, such as residues from many fluxes and solder pastes, remains undetected. Their presence
may cause functional failures, especially if there is some ionic contamination, even within acceptable
limits, as well. When using ‘no‐clean’ fluxes and pastes, ionic contamination
testing is sometimes used to determine whether a process is constant, although it may be extremely
difficult or even impossible to interpret the results into a function of reliability. SIR testing is the only
easy way of forecasting a loss of reliability. A method is described of non‐destructive SIR
testing in a few hours and correlating the results to reliability as determined by long‐term
qualification testing. This method is valid for PCB assemblies which have or have not been cleaned.
Design of a Low‐cost Wire Bond Tape Ball Grid Array Package
Authors: Schueller R.D. , Plepys A.P.
Published: June 2007

Tape ball grid array (TBGA) packages offer many of the
advantages of plastic BGAs, namely excellent durability, improved board space utilisation and ease of
surface mount assembly along with the associated yield improvements. TBGA packages go a step
further, however, and offer the added benefits of improved signal integrity, better heat dissipation, and
extendability to higher pin counts. This paper outlines the design and material selection process to
produce a low‐cost TBGA which allows the wire bonding of a die. This type of package
offers an attractive solution for applications requiring mid to high I/O capability and good electrical
and thermal properties. Preliminary results have demonstrated the feasibility of wire bonding to this
package at temperatures up to 200°C.
Discrete Wiring: A Systems Approach To High Speed Design
Problems
Authors: Buck T.J.
Published: June 2007

Increasing speeds
combined with the level of integration that can be obtained with advanced IC technology has
dramatically changed the interconnection requirements for high performance electronic systems.
With much of today's circuitry being implemented in custom silicon, IC technology has
allowed both a dramatic reduction in size and a tremendous increase in performance. However,
in terms of the interconnection problem, the by‐product of advanced IC technology is a
new generation of IC s that often require several hundred I/OS, exhibit rise times of 150 ps
to 300 ps, and dissipate several watts per device. As demanding requirements are placed upon
circuit boards, the complexity of the design task increases dramatically, since a working solution
must simultaneously address interconnection density, signal integrity and thermal performance.
This paper examines embedded discrete wiring technology as a high density solution that meets
the requirements necessary for transporting high speed digital signals.
2. Nobel Laureate: Jan Tinbergen (1903‐1994)
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: June 2007

Says of Jon Tinbergen that he was a very modest person and a very great scientist. Looks at his early humble beginnings in The Netherlands and on to his many and varied advisory placements with a number of foreign governments. Concludes Tinbergen was a great original twentieth century economist.
3. Nobel Laureate: Paul A. Samuelson (1915‐ )
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: June 2007

Explores the life of Paul A. Samuelson, of whom it is said, that he is the ‘last generalist in economics’, from his early days in the USA. Gives great detail from his lecture, particularly for his provision of a rich, unknown source of new problems in economic science.
4. Nobel Laureate: Simon Kuznets (1901‐1985)
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: June 2007

Claims Kuznets is a quantification economist, e.g. a statistician who used the theory of models to find answers to problems. Covers, in depth, Kuznets’ early Russian‐Jewish upbringing to his further development in the USA. Concludes that Kuznets recognized what was missing rather than what was wrong or deficient.
8. Nobel Laureate: Friedrich A. Hayek (1899‐1992)
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: June 2007

Discusses, after an introduction, Hayek’s life from his early Viennese upbringing and his education at Vienna University, plus his further work at New York University and the London School of Economics, the University of Chicago and several notable others. Covers his lecture in 1974 about the pretence of knowledge and his ideals. Declares that the lecture contains good advice in all sciences.
9. Nobel Laureate: Gunnar Myrdal (1898‐1987)
Authors: Rugina Anghel N.
Published: June 2007

Profiles Gunnar Myrdal, who was born in Sweden, but after his graduation from Stockholm University’s Law School, studied in Germany and England, before moving to the USA, where he was commissioned to make an in‐depth study of the ‘sAmerican Negro problem’s (1944). Equality was a recurring theme in his work, and as all great scientists, he told the truth, as he believed he saw it.
Principles of administration revisited
Authors: Donaldson John , Fafaliou Irene
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To explore the assumptions underlying the traditional “principles of administration” in the light of the rise of interest in corporate social responsibility, business ethics and corporate governance and to link revised principles to practical stakeholder models, using, for example, modern communications media.

Design/methodology/approach

Using concepts of “fit” between traditional administrative principles and common problems of business administration, such as those identified in the corporate social responsibility, business ethics and corporate governance literature, the approach is to locate principles on which sound administration and “proper” expectations of stakeholders can be adjusted acceptably.

Findings

Traditional lists of principles can be fruitfully replaced by methods for identifying and meeting the aspirations of stakeholders, within agreed principles, which may vary, depending on the level of generality and on circumstances.

Research limitations/implications

The paper is based on observation and conceptual analysis. Developments appear to depend on willingness to replace codes and practices that are devised from the top and imposed on others by ones that are responsive to stakeholders.

Practical implications

Responsive codes imply a need to respond in a principled way to differing aspirations, and a willingness to use modern digital media to identify the aspirations accurately.

Originality/value

Traditional principles of administration are essentially principles for administering the internal labour market in large organisations. The proposed approach broadens the range of application and offers practical ways forward.
Veblen on globalization: further clarification
Authors: Leathers Charles G. , Patrick Raines J.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is further clarify Veblen's views on globalization with insights derived from international trade in the alternative socio‐economic order envisioned in Bellamy's utopian novel Looking Backward.

Design/methodology/approach

After reviewing the intellectual relationship between Veblen and Bellamy, the approach of the paper is to examine how international trade was arranged in Bellamy's utopian economy.

Findings

Bellamy's envisioned system of global trade based on providing maximum supplies of goods and services needed for high standards of living for all would be very compatible with Veblen's views on globalization.

Practical implications

The real world implications are the need for innovative institutional reforms to facilitate maximizing the potential gains from an ever expanding industrial system in a manner that that assures equitable distributions of the gains and adequate compensation for those negatively affected. On a practical basis, Veblen saw free trade under conditions of competitive markets as an improvement in that direction.

Originality/value

The paper offers points of interest to all who recognize that economic and political institutions are constantly under pressure to change to accommodate the ever expanding and changing global industrial system.
Understanding the success factors of micro‐finance institution in a developing country
Authors: Hartungi Rusdy
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To provide a deep understanding of success factors contributing to a micro‐finance institution (MFI) in a developing country, e.g. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) and how MFI in developing country might learn from this success.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a case study research which took place at BRI branches as well as its village units (unit desa). Data were gathered from both sides, e.g. from BRI and borrowers. The interviews, raging from in depth interviews to semi‐structured interviews, were conducted in Jakarta and some rural cities mainly in Java and South Sulawesi between August and September 2003.

Findings

Factor contributing to the success of BRI lay on the decision to keep adapting its practice with environmental changing. Also BRI is very innovative in choosing collaterals so in one hand, the credit is still interesting for lower class community, but at the same time they work as compensation in case the clients fail to repay their credit and thus ensuring the sustainability of the MFI. Well‐trained and dedicated staffs operating a simple, transparent system, clear incentives to staffs and clients, tight internal supervision and audit capacities and financial procedures and sound financial risk management contributes to its success as well.

Research limitations/implications

The case study took place in a developing country, in Indonesia. Given that any developing country has unique environment and circumstances, this success model will not automatically transferable to any MFI in other developing countries. Any further research is needed to transfer BRI success elsewhere.

Practical implications

A useful lesson learnt for national/international development agent which wants to set up a sustainable MFI to assist the poor and alleviating poverty.

Originality/value

This is the first time that the investigation also took place on BRI village units in South Sulawesi, one of the most successful operational area of BRI village units. Thus, the implication of this research is true reflection of the success of BRI village units.
Karl Marx and Milton Friedman: bedfellows in thought
Authors: Wellington Donald C. , Zandvakili Sourushe
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to offer a viewpoint that economic surplus is a notion shared by economists as diverse as Karl Marx and Milton Friedman.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is an interpretation and critique of the literature of the work by Marx and Friedman.

Findings

The paper finds the two men's respective writings bear out the commonality while recognizing that they drew radically different implications from their common perception. Elucidating the commonality is a worthwhile exercise even though the elucidation might not interest the broad range of economists.

Originality/value

The paper expresses a viewpoint that economic surplus is a notion shared by diverse economists.
Rent‐seeking and economic valuation of environmental quality
Authors: Handy Femida , Gleason Joyce
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to address conceptually the issue of monetary valuations of environmental intangibles.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper offers an innovative approach based on the rent‐seeking behaviour of individuals, as seen in lobbying for environmental goods. As an alternative to the contingent valuation method, which relies largely on willingness‐to‐pay disclosures in hypothetical situations, this approach depends on actual payments made by individuals in real situations. If individuals are willing to spend scarce resources to obtain an environmental good, then the total expenditures incurred provide an estimate of the value of that environmental good.

Findings

The estimates provide a lower bound of value of certain environmental goods. The rent‐seeking approach gives a different and more direct way to determine the value of environmental public goods.

Originality/value

The paper considers the free‐rider problem and other issues arising from the voluntary nature of public good rent‐seeking activity.
Person: an economic agent for the electronic age
Authors: O'Boyle Edward J.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To demonstrate that person and the philosophy of personalism are more relevant to contemporary economic affairs than individual and the philosophy of individualism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper addresses two tasks. First, it provides a sketch of what it means to approach economic affairs from the perspective of person and personalism versus individual and individualism. Second, it traces the origins of personalist economics to Aristotle, Aquinas, and Smith, shows why personalist economics departs from mainstream economics, and how it is linked to Weber and Walras principally through Schumpeter.

Findings

This paper provides a schematic showing that personalist economics originates with Aristotle, Aquinas, and Smith without embracing the individualism of the Enlightenment and a timeline that connects the three stages of human communication – oral/aural, script, and electronic – to the evolution of economics since the Enlightenment.

Research limitations/implications

This paper challenges mainstream economics to consider the adequacy of individual/individualism in an age where it is self‐evident that human beings are not autonomous individuals.

Practical implications

The individual as the basic unit of economic analysis is a creature born of the individualism of the script stage. The person as the basic unit of economic analysis was born of the personalism of the electronic stage and, therefore, is much better suited to economic analysis in an age of economic globalization.

Originality/value

The integration of work on human communication with the way in which economists should be thinking about contemporary economic affairs.
The development of Professor Hayek’s research programme
Authors: Tschiderer Werner
Published: June 2007

Discusses the ideas and theories of Professor F.A. Hayek and
assesses their relevance to present day social economics. Opens with the
theory of business‐cycles and compares Hayek′s ideas with those of
Keynes in this area. Follows on with dynamic market theory and the
theory of evolution of social institutions. Concludes with a summary of
all three expanding their legacy – that they are models for future
research.
The Baltic republics: post‐Soviet bell‐wethers and bridges
Authors: Martinsons Maris G.
Published: June 2007

As western businesses and governments participate in the overhaul
of the former Soviet Union, the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and
Lithuania can play a potentially important role in bridging economic and
cultural differences. An analogy is drawn to Hong Kong, which has
achieved remarkable success by leveraging a favourable location, good
infrastructure and industrious human resources to forge a mutually
beneficial relationship with its huge neighbour (and future sovereign),
the People′s Republic of China. The Asian territory is proposed as a
role model for the future development of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
As market‐oriented democracies, the three small Baltic republics will
provide a gateway into Russia and serve as bell‐wethers for larger scale
transformation across the former Soviet Union.