bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of a novel EmTSP-3 and EmTIP based multi-epitope vaccine against Echinococcus multilocularis infection
Authors: Fan Yichen , He Yueyue , Li Yujiao , Yin Zhengwei , Shi Juan , Tian Tingting , Shang Kaiyu , Shi Huidong , Zhang Fengbo , Wen Hao
Published: September 2024

Background

Current treatments and prevention strategies for echinococcosis are inadequate. Recent advancements in molecular vaccine development show promise against Echinococcus granulosus; however, Echinococcus multilocularis remains a challenge. A Multi-epitope Vaccine could potentially induce specific B and T lymphocyte responses, thereby offering protection against Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

Methods

This study aimed to develop a MEV against alveolar echinococcosis. Key epitopes from the Echinococcus multilocularis proteins EmTSP3 and EmTIP were identified using immunoinformatics analyses. These analyses were conducted to assess the MEV feasibility, structural characteristics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and immune simulations. The immunogenicity and antigenicity of the vaccine were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiments, employing ELISA, Western blotting, FCM, challenge infection experiments, and ELISPOT.

Results

The effective antigenicity and immunogenicity of MEV were demonstrated through immunoinformatics, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments revealed that MEV increased the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in PBMC and successfully bound to specific antibodies in patient serum. Furthermore, mice immunized with MEV developed a robust immune response, characterized by elevated levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, increased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 by specific Th1 and Th2 cells, and heightened serum antibody levels. Importantly, MEV reduced the weight of cysts by conferring resistance against echinococcosis. These findings suggest that MEV is a promising candidate for the prevention of Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

Conclusion

A total of 7 CTL, 7 HTL, 5 linear B-cell, and 2 conformational B-cell epitopes were identified. The vaccine has demonstrated effective antigenicity and immunogenicity against AE through molecular docking, immune simulation, molecular dynamics studies, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments. It provides effective protection against Echinococcus multilocularis infection, thereby laying a foundation for further development.
Efficacy and safety of switching to bilastine, an H1-antihistamine, in patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (H1-SWITCH): a multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group comparative study
Authors: Fukunaga Atsushi , Kakei Yasumasa , Murakami Sae , Kan Yuji , Masuda Koji , Jinnin Masatoshi , Washio Ken , Amano Hiroo , Nagano Tohru , Yamamoto Akihisa , Otsuka Toshihiro , Takahagi Shunsuke , Takenaka Motoi , Ishiguro Naoko , Hayama Koremasa , Inomata Naoko , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Sugiyama Akiko , Hide Michihiro
Published: September 2024

Background

For treating patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) resistant to standard doses of 2nd generation H1-antihistamines (H1AH) the International and Japanese guidelines recommend increasing H1AH dose. The latter also recommends switching to a different H1AH. This study explored if the efficacy of the standard dose of bilastine 20 mg is non-inferior to that of double-dose of H1AH in patients with refractory CSU.

Methods

This phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching treatment to bilastine compared to treatment with a 2-fold dose of H1AH in patients with CSU refractory to standard dose H1AH. The primary endpoint was the mean total symptom score (TSS) at Day 5-7 after the start of administration.

Results

Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated in 128 patients (bilastine, n=64; 2-fold dose of H1AH, n=64). The mean TSS at Day 5-7 after the start of administration was smaller than the non-inferiority margin of 0.8, demonstrating non-inferiority of the bilastine switching group to the double-dose H1AH group (0.17 (95% CI -0.32, 0.67)). No difference in Japanese version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS), DLQI, and urticaria activity score over 7 consecutive days (UAS7) was observed between the two groups. There were no serious adverse events in either group. H1AH-related adverse events occurred in 5 subjects (8 cases) and 2 subjects (3 cases) in the double-dose H1AH and bilastine groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Switching treatment to bilastine demonstrated non-inferiority to a double-dose of H1AH in terms of efficacy in patients with CSU refractory to standard dose H1AH with a favorable safety profile.

Clinical trial registration

https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs051180105, identifier jRCTs051180105.
Using marine protected areas to assess the status and recovery of the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii fishery in the Hauraki Gulf, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Nessia Hayley R. , Hanns Benn J. , Haggitt Tim R. , Shears Nick T.
Published: September 2024

The value of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) in providing fisheries-independent information to evaluate the status of adjacent fish stocks is increasingly being recognised. However, to ensure robust assessments of fisheries using this approach, MPAs need to be representative of the wider fished area and sampling should include multiple MPA and fished locations spanning the area of interest. The spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii fishery in Aotearoa New Zealand’s Hauraki Gulf has been in decline since the late 1990s, but latest stock estimates suggest a dramatic recovery following catch reductions in 2018. We compared J. edwardsii populations on shallow reefs (<20 m depth) in three marine reserves with six fished locations across the Hauraki Gulf to provide a fisheries-independent assessment of this important fishery and the degree of recovery following catch reductions. Region-wide surveys found that J. edwardsii populations within protected areas were dominated by large, legal-size individuals, whereas lobster in fished locations were mostly below or around legal-size. Total, vulnerable, and spawning stock biomass was 12-43 times higher within MPAs compared to fished locations. Overall, biomass at fished locations was <10% of that in reserves and there was little evidence of recovery following catch reductions. Our fisheries-independent data suggest that recent stock assessments have severely overestimated the recovery and state of lobster populations in the Hauraki Gulf and that populations on shallow reefs remain depleted. These findings highlight the critical need for fisheries-independent data and the value of MPA monitoring data in evaluating population status and recovery following fisheries management actions.
The influence of river basin nitrogen pollution sources and their transport on microbial community structure
Authors: Sun Qianhang , Li Jiangnan , Zhou Chunhe , Jiang Weijun , Lei Kun
Published: September 2024

The characterization of variations in riverine microbiota that stem from contaminant sources and transport modes is important for understanding biogeochemical processes. However, the association between complex anthropogenic nitrogen pollution and bacteria has not been extensively investigated owing to the difficulties faced while determining the distribution of nitrogen contaminants in watersheds. Here, we employed the Nitrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Tools alongside microbiological analysis to explore microbial characteristics and their responses to complex nitrogen pollution patterns. Significant changes in microbial communities were observed in watersheds with different complex nitrogen pollution sources migrating. Complex nitrogen sources were closely associated with microbiota. The main sources of nitrogen pollution in the dry season watershed were Manurc and Sewage (M&S, 54.2%). M&S exhibited reduced microbial diversity, high number of denitrification groups, and increased nitrogen cycling compared with others. However, Soil Nitrogen sources (SN, 59.3%) in the watershed during the wet season were the main contributors of nitrogen in the watershed. Eluviation allows SN to increased microbial community similarity, in addition to facilitating microbial immobilization processes. Overall, this study expands our knowledge regarding microbial biogeochemistry in catchments and beyond by linking specific nitrogen pollution scenarios to microorganisms.
Applications of leech therapy in medicine: a systematic review
Authors: Hosseini Mahsa , Jadidi Ali , Derakhshan Barjoei Mohammad Moein , Salehi Mehdi
Published: September 2024

Background

Leech therapy (LT) is one of the most widely used treatment methods in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to systematically review clinical trials regarding the effects of LT on the prevention and healing of different diseases.

Methods

To identify all relevant published studies, we conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without any temporal or geographical constraints until April 2023. To categorize the articles, five stages were considered. The PRISMA checklist and Cochran’s bias analysis tool were used.

Results

In total, 12 trials that met the inclusion criteria were studied. The results of the studies showed that LT has had successful outcomes in treating different conditions. These included hormonal and metabolic complications, cardiovascular problems, and inflammatory-based diseases.

Conclusion

“Leech therapy” is a traditional medical treatment used successfully to control and treat various conditions. Although this method can have complications, it is possible to benefit from this low-cost and low-complication treatment by taking preventive measures.
Aetiologies of bacterial tick-borne febrile illnesses in humans in Africa: diagnostic limitations and the need for improvement
Authors: Adamu Abdulrahman , Reyer Flavia , Lawal Nafiú , Hassan Abdurrahman Jibril , Imam Mustapha Umar , Bello Muhammad Bashir , Kraiczy Peter
Published: September 2024

Tick-borne febrile illnesses caused by pathogens like Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and Rickettsia spp., are significant health concerns in Africa. The epidemiological occurrence of these pathogens is closely linked to the habitats of their vectors, prevalent in rural and semi-urban areas where humans and livestock coexist. The overlapping clinical presentations, non-specific symptoms, and limited access to commercially available in vitro diagnostics in resource-limited settings exacerbate the complexity of accurate diagnoses. This review aimed to systematically extract and analyze existing literature on tick-borne febrile illnesses in Africa, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and presenting an up-to-date overview of the most relevant pathogens affecting human populations. A comprehensive literature search from January 1990 to June 2024 using databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, EMBASE, and Google Scholar yielded 13,420 articles, of which 70 met the inclusion criteria. Anaplasma spp. were reported in Morocco, Egypt, and South Africa; Francisella spp. in Kenya and Ethiopia; Ehrlichia spp. in Cameroon; Bartonella spp. in Senegal, Namibia, South Africa, and Ethiopia; Borrelia spp. in Senegal, Gabon, Tanzania, and Ethiopia; Coxiella burnetii in 10 countries including Senegal, Mali, and South Africa; and Rickettsia spp. in 14 countries including Senegal, Algeria, and Uganda. Data were analyzed using a fixed-effect model in R version 4.0.1 and visualized on an African map using Tableau version 2022.2. This review highlights the urgent need for improved diagnostics to better manage and control tick-borne febrile illnesses in Africa.
Celiac disease gut microbiome studies in the third millennium: reviewing the findings and gaps of available literature
Authors: Luz Vanessa C. C. , Pereira Sónia Gonçalves
Published: September 2024

Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by the ingestion of minute amounts of gluten in a subset of genetically predisposed individuals. Its onset occurs at different ages and with variable symptoms. The gut microbiome may contribute to this variability. This review aims to provide an overview of the available research on celiac disease gut microbiome and identify the knowledge gap that could guide future studies. Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), four electronic databases were searched for literature from January 2000 to July 2023 addressing celiac disease gut microbiome characterization using next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches. From the 489 publications retrieved, 48 publications were selected and analyzed, focusing on sample characterization (patients, controls, and tissues) and methodologies used for NGS microbiome analysis and characterization. The majority of the selected publications regarded children and adults, and four were randomized clinical trials. The number of participants per study greatly varied and was typically low. Feces were the most frequently tested sample matrix, and duodenal samples were analyzed in one-third of the studies. Incomplete and diverse information on the methodological approaches and gut microbiome results was broadly observed. While similar trends regarding the relative abundance of some phyla, such as Pseudomonadota (former Proteobacteria), were detected in some studies, others contradicted those results. The observed high variability of technical approaches and possibly low power and sample sizes may prevent reaching a consensus on celiac disease gut microbiome composition. Standardization of research protocols to allow reproducibility and comparability is required, as interdisciplinary collaborations to further data analysis, interpretation, and, more importantly, health outcome prediction or improvement.
Suppression of certain intestinal microbiota metabolites may lead to gestational diabetes in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Xie Ya-ping , Zhao Hui-fen , Lin Shu , Wang Xian-long , Liu Yi-fei , Xie Bao-yuan
Published: September 2024

Background

We aim to establish a gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mouse model with mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) in comparison with pregnant mice with normal blood glucose levels to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of HFD-induced GDM.

Methods

We divided healthy 6-week-old female C57BL mice into an HFD-induced GDM group and a normal diet group. Their bacterial flora and metabolites in intestinal fecal exosomes were co-analyzed using 16 s multi-region sequencing and compared.

Findings

Alpha (α) diversity was lower within the model group compared to the control group. Beta (β) diversity was significantly different between the two groups. The relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, Rothia, and Bacteroidetes were significantly different between the two groups. Fermentation and nitrate consumption were significantly higher in the GDM group. Multiple bacteria were associated with glycerophosphocholine, S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine, quinolinate, galactinol, deoxyadenosine, DL-arginine, and 2-oxoadenic acid.

Interpretation

Imbalances in the production of Lactobacillus, Bacteroidetes, Actinomyces, and Rothia and their related metabolites may lead to metabolic disturbances in GDM. These indicators may be used to assess changes affecting the intestinal microbiota during pregnancy and thus help modulate diet and alter blood glucose.
Relationship between serum prealbumin level and prognosis of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shang Jing , Xue Lanping , Zhao Hongping , Cui Xiaopeng , Shangguan Lijuan , Wang Hailong , Li Xinyi
Published: September 2024

Background

Low serum prealbumin levels have been identified as a predictor of infectious complication in critically ill patients. However, the association in patients with Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of prealbumin and the poor outcome of CABM through a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 77 patients of CABM were enrolled. They were divided into good outcome group (GOS: 5) and a bad outcome group (GOS: 1–4). Serum prealbumin and other clinical records were measured within 24 h after admission.

Results

Among the included patients, 38(65.52%) had a bad outcome (the GOS score between 1 and 4). The mean age of the overall cohort was 45.3 ± 15.9 years, and 58.6% of patients were male. The mean prealbumin level in the bad outcome group was 115.4 ± 49.4 mmol/L, while the mean level in the good outcome group was 199.1 ± 49.3 mmol/L (p < 0.001). Individuals with plasma prealbumin level ≤180 mmol/L had a 3.32-fold higher risk of CABM than those with normal plasma prealbumin level [OR = 4.32 (1.02 ~ 18.24), p < 0.05].

Conclusion

Reduced plasma prealbumin level is independently associated with the poor outcome of CABM. Plasma prealbumin level might help to identify patients at high risk of bad outcome.
Cognitive potency and safety of tDCS treatment for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Junjie , Yao Xinru , Ji Yuqi , Li Hong
Published: September 2024

Background

The benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for patients with major depression disorders are well-established, however, there is a notable research gap concerning its comprehensive effects on both depressive symptoms and cognitive functions. Existing research is inconclusive regarding the cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS specifically in MDD patients. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by scrutinizing the most updated evidence on the effectiveness of tDCS in anti-depressive treatment and its influence on cognitive function.

Methods

A systematic review was performed from the first date available in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and additional sources published in English from 1 January 2001 to 31 May 2023. We examined cognitive outcomes from randomized, sham-controlled trials of tDCS treatment for major depression. The evaluation process strictly followed the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool into the literature, and meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane System Reviewer's Manual.

Results

In this quantitative synthesis, we incorporated data from a total of 371 patients across 12 studies. Results showed significant benefits following active tDCS compared to sham for the antidepressant effect [SMD: −0.77 (−1.44, −0.11)]. Furthermore, active relative to sham tDCS treatment was associated with increased performance gains on a measure of verbal memory [SMD: 0.30 (−0.02, 0.62)]. These results did not indicate any cognitive enhancement after active tDCS relative to sham for global cognitive function, whereas there was a noticeable trend toward statistical significance specifically in the effect of verbal memory.

Conclusions

Our study offers crucial evidence-based medical support for tDCS in antidepressant and dimension-specific cognitive benefits. Further well-designed, large-scale randomized sham-controlled trials are warranted to further validate these findings.

Systematic Review Registration

https://inplasy.com/, identifier: INPLASY202360008.
Restriction of salt, alcohol and coffee intake and Ménière’s disease: insight from Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Wei , Ma Pengwei , Wang Zi , Guo Jianing , Lun Yuqiang , Wang Weilong , Yuan Hao , Li Siyu , Liang Rui , Lu Lianjun
Published: September 2024

Background

Restricting salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake is commonly recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with Ménière’s disease (MD). However, it remains unclear whether these interventions effectively improve symptoms of MD. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the relationship between these dietary modifications and MD.

Methods

Summary statistics for salt added to food, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, and MD were sourced from the United Kingdom Biobank, GSCAN, and the FinnGen study, involving up to 941,280 participants. The main analyses were performed using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach and were complemented by four additional methods. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the findings, and both forward and reverse MR analyses were employed to address potential reverse causality bias.

Results

The primary MR results using the IVW method revealed that salt added to food (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.429–1.206; p = 0.211), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.834, 95% CI: 0.427–1.628; p = 0.595), and coffee consumption (OR = 0.852, 95% CI: 0.555–1.306; p = 0.461) were not significantly correlated with MD. In reverse analysis, no evidence of significant effect was found from MD to salt added to food (OR = 1.000, 95% CI: 0.993–1.007; p = 0.957), alcohol consumption (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.987–1.008; p = 0.682), and coffee consumption (OR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.985–1.011; p = 0.72).

Conclusion

This MR analysis did not identify convincing evidence to support the idea that restricting salt, caffeine, and alcohol intake is beneficial for the treatment of MD.
The role and mechanism of compressive stress in tumor
Authors: Tan Min , Song Bingqi , Zhao Xinbin , Du Jing
Published: September 2024

Recent research has revealed the important role of mechanical forces in the initiation and progression of tumors. The interplay between mechanical and biochemical cues affects the function and behavior of tumor cells during the development of solid tumors, especially their metastatic potential. The compression force generated by excessive cell proliferation and the tumor microenvironment widely regulates the progression of solid tumor disease. Tumor cells can sense alterations in compressive stress through diverse mechanosensitive components and adapt their mechanical characteristics accordingly to adapt to environmental changes. Here, we summarize the current role of compressive stress in regulating tumor behavior and its biophysical mechanism from the mechanobiological direction.
LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and proteomics reveal the intervention of Kangnian decoction on the postoperative intestinal adhesion of rats
Authors: Jin Liang , Zhao Yuan , Qian Xiaojing , Pan Lingyun , Chen Long , Feng Jingwen , Liu Xinhua , Lu Xiaotong
Published: September 2024

Background

Postoperative Intestinal Adhesions (PIAs) remain a significant complication of abdominal surgery that can cause pain, infertility, and a potentially lethal bowel obstruction. Kangnian (KN) decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, has been shown to be effective in treating PIAs. Nevertheless, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective

This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of KN decoction in a PIA rat model, as well as its potential mechanisms via metabolomics and proteomics analyses.

Materials and methods

60 rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Normal Control (NC), PIA model, Dexamethasone, KN-Low, KN-Medium, and KN-High. The PIA model was created by abdominal surgery under anesthesia. Pathological damage was evaluated through H&E staining and adhesion grading of affected tissues. The levels of serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-1), Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), and Motilin (MTL) in adherent intestinal tissues were detected using ELISA kits. Untargeted metabolomics was used to investigate potential metabolic pathways of the KN decoction intervention in intestinal adhesions and to screen for differential biomarkers. The label-free quantitative proteomics technique was employed to detect Differentially Expressed Proteins and for biological function and pathway enrichment analyses.

Results

In PIA rats, KN decoction significantly improved the pathological injury associated with intestinal adhesions and effectively regulated the blood inflammation indicators. Furthermore, KN presented a favorable anti-fibrotic and protective effect against abdominal adhesions, effectively modifying gastrointestinal motility disorders in PIA rats. We identified 58 variables as potential biomarkers and discovered seven main pathological pathways that may be associated with PIAs. Proteomics analysis revealed 75 DEPs that were primarily involved in Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, the MAPK signaling pathway, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling.

Conclusion

This study proved that KN reduces intestinal mucosal injury, downregulates inflammatory factors, and alleviates intestinal adhesions, thus protecting the intestinal barrier function in PIA rats. The combination of proteomics and metabolomics provided a feasible approach for unraveling the therapeutic mechanism of KN decoction in PIAs.
Integrated analyses reveal IDO1 as a prognostic biomarker coexpressed with PD-1 on tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peng Yaojun , Wang Lingxiong , Yang Juan , Wu Qiyan , Sun Xiaoxuan , Zhang Jinying , Yu Yanju , Zhang Liping , Gao Jie , Zhou Qing , Zhu Haiyan , Yin Fan
Published: September 2024

Background

Inhibition of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been proposed as a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy; however, it has failed in clinical trials. Macrophages in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to immune escape and serve as potential therapeutic targets. This study investigated the expression pattern of IDO1 in TME and its impact on prognosis and therapeutic response of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

RNA sequencing data from 95 patients with ESCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to explore the prognostic value of IDO1. Bioinformatics tools were used to estimate scores for stromal and immune cells in tumour tissues, abundance of eight immune cell types in TME, and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and immune checkpoint (IC) blockage. The results were validated using digitalized immunohistochemistry and multiplexed immunofluorescence in ESCC tissue samples obtained from our clinical center.

Results

TCGA and validation data suggested that high expression of IDO1 was associated with poor patient survival, and IDO1 was an independent prognostic factor. IDO1 expression positively correlated with macrophages in TME and PDCD1 within diverse IC genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis and multiplexed immunofluorescence verified the coexpression of IDO1 and PD-1 in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Patients with high IDO1 expression showed increased sensitivity to various chemotherapeutic drugs, while were more likely to resist IC blockage.

Conclusion

This study identifies IDO1 as an independent prognostic indicator of OS in patients with ESCC, reveals a compelling connection of IDO1, PD-1, and TAMs, and explores the sensitivity of patients with high IDO1 expression to chemotherapeutic drugs and their resistance to IC blockade. These findings open new avenues for potential targets in ESCC immunotherapy.
Examination of the validity of the Chinese version of the Language Mindsets Inventory among Chinese university students
Authors: Cai Pengpeng , Li Xuhong , Mai Zheyuan , Feng Juxiong , Guan Xin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

With the growing interest in the psychological basis of language learning, this study aims to validate the Chinese version of the Language Mindset Inventory (LMI) among Chinese university students.

Methods

A sample of 476 students from various universities in mainland China was used. The translation process followed the forward-backward method. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to evaluate the factor structure. The internal consistency of the LMI was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and convergent validity was examined through correlations with established mindset measures.

Results

Compared with the one-factor model, the two-factor model which distinguishes between fixed and growth mindsets, showed an acceptable and better fit index. The overall Cronbach's alpha for the full scale was 0.954, with 0.929 for the fixed mindset dimension and 0.903 for the growth mindset dimension. AVE values for the fixed and growth dimensions were 0.597 and 0.510, respectively. Correlations showed that the growth mindset dimension was significantly positively associated with the 8-Item Growth Mindset Scale (r = 0.186, p < 0.01) and the Mindset Scale for Learning English (r = 0.149, p < 0.01), while the fixed mindset dimension was negatively associated with both scales (r = −0.228 and r = −0.169, p < 0.01).

Discussion

This study confirms the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the LMI, making it a relevant tool for assessing language learning mindsets among Chinese university students. The findings support the integration of LMI into educational strategies to promote resilience and adaptability, enhancing language education outcomes.
Outdoor recess is associated with more positive attitudes toward physical activity among pre-adolescent students and their parents
Authors: Lemberg Getter Marie , Kull Merike , Mäestu Jarek , Riso Eva-Maria , Mägi Katrin , Mäestu Evelin
Published: September 2024

Introduction

School day structure has the potential to increase students’ physical activity (PA) levels and form positive attitudes about PA. Including various PA opportunities and free play possibilities in the school schedule, especially outdoor recess, can improve students’ moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels during school time. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate students’ and their parents’ attitudes about outdoor recess and PA opportunities in schools with different recess opportunities.

Methods

Students from grades three to six (9–13-year-olds) and their parents responded to a questionnaire about the effect of outdoor recess and opportunities for PA during the school day. Schools were divided into three groups based on the recess opportunities during the school day: (1) “outdoor recess”, (2) “outdoor recess on some days”, (3) “indoor recess”.

Results

Students and parents of the “outdoor recess” group had significantly more positive attitudes about outdoor recess and PA opportunities in school. Students of the “outdoor recess” group stated being significantly more active during their leisure-time compared to other groups. Parents of the “outdoor recess” group stated that the school has asked their opinion regarding PA opportunities during the school day significantly more compared to the other two groups.

Discussion

These findings emphasize the positive effect outdoor recess can have on students’ PA beliefs and habits. Parents of the “outdoor recess” group also had more positive attitudes toward PA which is important as parents most likely convey their attitudes and beliefs to their children. In addition, involving and informing parents is critical when changing the school schedule and introducing new school culture, to make the changes last.
Factors influencing the relationship between coaches and athletes with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Junyan , Yu Hongjun , Bleakney Adam , Jan Yih-Kuen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The relationship between coaches and athletes with disabilities is critical for enhancing athletes' performance and psychosocial well-being. This study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for coaches, sports organizations, and policymakers dedicated to supporting athletes with disabilities.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of existing literature was conducted. Five databases were searched, including PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. A total of 22 studies were included for thematic analysis.

Results

This systematic review identifies key factors influencing the coach-athlete relationship in disabled sports. These factors are categorized into three main domains: professional, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. In the professional domain, effective coaching requires sport-specific skills and adaptive techniques tailored to the unique needs of athletes with disabilities. Coaches must understand the technical and tactical aspects of each parasport and adapt training plans to optimize performance and foster independence. The interpersonal domain emphasizes communication strategies and team-building practices. Effective communication involves understanding athletes' needs and adapting approaches to maximize strengths. Building rapport, managing conflict, and fostering a supportive team environment are crucial for maintaining a positive coach-athlete relationship. The intrapersonal domain highlights the importance of self-reflection and continuous learning. Coaches who engage in self-reflection and professional development better understand their behaviors and biases, enabling them to tailor coaching strategies to the specific needs of athletes with disabilities. Continuous learning is essential for remaining responsive to the evolving needs of these athletes.

Discussion

This review underscores the importance of a holistic approach that integrates professional expertise, interpersonal skills, and intrapersonal awareness. By addressing these factors, it provides a foundation for developing more effective coaching strategies and supports for athletes with disabilities, ultimately enhancing their performance and well-being. Future research should explore cultural differences, the specific coaching needs of athletes with intellectual disabilities, and the impact of policies and structural barriers on the coach-athlete relationship in disabled sports.
Perspectives on the integration of agri-entrepreneurship in tertiary agricultural education in Africa: insights from the AgriENGAGE project
Authors: Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Abdulkader Bisan , Hjortsø Carsten Nico , Aitelkadi Kenza , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Taarji Noamane , Mhada Manal , Lamdaghri Zidane , Romanova Gergana , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Chadare Flora Josiane , Saidi Mwanarusi , Sassi Maria , Mugonola Basil , Gogo Elisha Otieno , Ssekandi Joseph , Okalany Emmanuel , Egeru Anthony , Mshenga Patience Mlongo , Chfadi Tarik
Published: September 2024

The underperformance of agricultural education systems in Africa is evident through various indicators such as increased unemployment among recent agricultural graduates, inefficiencies in agricultural product value chains, and a decline in enrollment in agricultural schools. The AgriENGAGE project, which included eight African universities, was supported through the Erasmus+ Capacity Building in Higher Education program funded by the European Commission to address these challenges. The project aimed to contribute toward revitalizing agricultural education systems to stimulate agricultural transformation and enhance the sector’s competitiveness while meeting the labor market’s demands. This article draws on lessons learned at eight universities to provide a perspective on agri-entrepreneurship education integration in African universities. We provide descriptions, experiences, and insights on agri-entrepreneurship education integration in partner universities in Kenya, Benin, Morocco, and Uganda. Based on these experiences, we provide perspectives on reducing youth unemployment and improving the effectiveness of agricultural education in contributing to the development of sustainable food systems.
Evaluation of the sustainable development level of grain family farms in main grain-producing areas based on agricultural multi-function: a case study of Hunan Province in China
Authors: Duan Wei , Pan Yuehong
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Grain family farms play an important role in promoting agricultural modernization and rural revitalization in China. Taking Hunan Province as an example, based on survey data from 400 grain family farms and agricultural multi-function theory, 24 specific indicators were selected from three dimensions-economic benefits, social benefits, and ecological benefits-to construct an evaluation system for the sustainable development level of grain family farms.

Methods

The entropy weight TOPSIS method was used to measure the sustainable development level of grain family farms in Hunan Province, and the obstacle factor diagnosis model was used to explore the main obstacle factors affecting the sustainable development of grain family farms.

Results

(1) The sustainable development level of grain family farms in Hunan Province was classified as good overall with respect to the classification criteria of existing relevant studies, but there were comparative differences in each dimension among the four regions (central Hunan, northern Hunan, southern Hunan, and western Hunan) of Hunan Province. (2) According to the diagnosis and analysis results of the obstacle degree, the top six obstacle factors affecting the sustainable development level of grain family farms in Hunan Province were the effective use of water resources, soil protection, and improvement efforts, the number of agricultural ecological culture inheritance activities, carbon emission management, the number of jobs provided for farmers, and adaptability to external environmental changes.

Discussion

Relevant policies and systems should be formulated based on local conditions to enhance the integrity and synergy of the development of grain family farms in Hunan Province and to enhance the sustainable development ability of grain family farms in Hunan Province.
RBC-hitchhiking PLGA nanoparticles loading β-glucan as a delivery system to enhance in vitro and in vivo immune responses in mice
Authors: Li Sheng , Wang Yao , Liu Qianqian , Tang Feng , Zhang Xinnan , Yang Shuyao , Wang Qiran , Yang Qian , Li Shanshan , Liu Jie , Han Lu , Liao Yi , Yin Xuemei , Fan Jing , Feng Haibo
Published: September 2024

Red blood cells (RBCs) naturally trap some bacterial pathogens in the circulation and kill them by oxidative stress. Following neutralization, the bacteria are presented to antigen-presenting cells in the spleen by the RBCs. This ability of RBCs has been harnessed to develop a system where they play a crucial role in enhancing the immune response, offering a novel approach to enhance the body’s immunity. In this work, a conjugate, G-OVA, was formed by connecting β-glucan and OVA through a disulfide bond. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was then employed to encapsulate G-OVA, yielding G-OVA-PLGA. Finally, the nanoparticles were adsorbed onto RBCs to develop G-OVA-PLGA@RBC. The results demonstrated that the delivery of nanoparticles by RBCs enhanced the antibody response to antigens both in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to investigate the increased immune activity of G-OVA-PLGA nanoparticles facilitated by RBCs transportation and to elucidate some of its underlying mechanisms. These findings are anticipated to contribute valuable insights for the development of efficient and safe immune enhancers.
Algorithm for Option Number Selection in Stochastic Paired Comparison Models
Authors: Gyarmati László , Mihálykó Csaba , Orbán-Mihálykó Éva
Published: September 2024

In this paper, paired comparison models with a stochastic background are investigated and compared from the perspective of the option numbers allowed. As two-option and three-option models are the ones most frequently used, we mainly focus on the relationships between two-option and four-option models and three-option and five-option models, and then we turn to the general s- and (s+2)-option models. We compare them from both theoretical and practical perspectives; the latter are based on computer simulations. We examine, when it is possible, mandatory, or advisable how to convert four-, five-, and (s+2)-option models into two-, three-, and s-option models, respectively. The problem also exists in reverse: when is it advisable to use four-, five-, and (s+2)-option models instead of two-, three-, and s-option models? As a result of these investigations, we set up an algorithm to perform the decision process.
A Multi-Strategy Improved Northern Goshawk Optimization Algorithm for Optimizing Engineering Problems
Authors: Liu Haijun , Xiao Jian , Yao Yuan , Zhu Shiyi , Chen Yi , Zhou Rui , Ma Yan , Wang Maofa , Zhang Kunpeng
Published: September 2024

Northern Goshawk Optimization (NGO) is an efficient optimization algorithm, but it has the drawbacks of easily falling into local optima and slow convergence. Aiming at these drawbacks, an improved NGO algorithm named the Multi-Strategy Improved Northern Goshawk Optimization (MSINGO) algorithm was proposed by adding the cubic mapping strategy, a novel weighted stochastic difference mutation strategy, and weighted sine and cosine optimization strategy to the original NGO. To verify the performance of MSINGO, a set of comparative experiments were performed with five highly cited and six recently proposed metaheuristic algorithms on the CEC2017 test functions. Comparative experimental results show that in the vast majority of cases, MSINGO’s exploitation ability, exploration ability, local optimal avoidance ability, and scalability are superior to those of competitive algorithms. Finally, six real world engineering problems demonstrated the merits and potential of MSINGO.
Effect of Preload on Box-Section Steel Columns Filled with Concrete under Axial Load: A Numerical Study
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Mohamed
Published: September 2024

External loads applied to a box-section steel column before it is filled with concrete to increase its efficiency due to modifications in structural systems or design errors may reduce its ultimate capacity and change its structural behavior. To examine this effect, finite element modeling (FEM) has been used to simulate these columns under preloading at different ratios with many variables in the geometric dimensions of the columns. The FEM results have been investigated using 38 experimental specimens obtained from previous studies without preloading. The results demonstrated high accuracy in modeling these columns in structural behavior and ultimate load capacity. After verifying the results, 84 Concrete-Filled Steel Columns (CFSC) were modeled under different preload ratios. The results indicated that some variables have directly affected the value of the decrease in column capacity in terms of its height, wall thickness, yield stress, and preload ratios, while others were inversely proportional in terms of the cross-section dimensions and concrete strength. The preload effect ratio had two separate limits, where when it reached 70%, the maximum value of the decrease in column capacity was 10.90%. The value increased sharply reaching 19.90% when there was a preload equal to 80%. New equations have been proposed to predict the ultimate capacity of CFSC under preloading with suitable accuracy with a correlation coefficient of no less than 0.949.
Power Allocation Control Strategy of DC/DC Converters Based on Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Li Wenwen , Ji Jianwei , Dong Henan , He Miao , Hu Shubo
Published: September 2024

In the DC microgrid system, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is one of the most important components; thus, research on its control strategy has attracted widespread attention. Firstly, the single bidirectional DC/DC converter based on a sliding mode (variable structure) control (SMC) strategy exhibits an inherent contradiction between the reaching time and the chattering phenomenon. In order to address this problem, an SMC strategy based on the improved exponential reaching law was designed. This control strategy modifies the constant-speed reaching term and introduces the system state variable to indicate the chattering level, which not only improves the dynamic performance of the bidirectional DC/DC converter but also suppresses the chattering problem. Secondly, the bidirectional DC/DC converter group based on the traditional droop control strategy exhibits an inherent contradiction between load power allocation and bus voltage stabilization. In order to address this problem, an improved droop control strategy that takes the line impedance characteristics into account is proposed. This control strategy modifies the traditional droop control strategy by introducing virtual resistance and uses DC bus voltage information to replace the line impedance value. This ensures the accuracy of power allocation and stability of the DC bus voltage simultaneously. Finally, the stability of each designed strategy is verified individually. The combination of the two control strategies is applied to a group of bidirectional DC/DC converters group to conduct a semi-physical simulation experiment, and the results verify that the proposed control strategies are effective and feasible.
Forecasting Carbon Sequestration Potential in China’s Grasslands by a Grey Model with Fractional-Order Accumulation
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Chun , Wang Chuanhui , Gong Weifeng
Published: September 2024

This study aims to predict the carbon sequestration capacity of Chinese grasslands to address climate change and achieve carbon neutrality goals. Grassland carbon sequestration is a crucial part of the global carbon cycle. However, its capacity is significantly impacted by climate change and human activities, making its dynamic changes complex and challenging to predict. This study adopts a fractional-order accumulation grey model, using 11 provinces in China as samples, to analyze and forecast grassland carbon sequestration. The study finds significant differences in grassland carbon sequestration trends across the sample regions. The carbon sequestration capacity of the grasslands in Xizang (Tibet) and Heilongjiang province is increasing, while it is decreasing in other provinces. The varying prediction results are influenced not only by regional climatic and natural conditions, but also by human interventions such as overgrazing, irrational reclamation, excessive mineral resource exploitation, and increased tourism development. Therefore, more region-specific grassland management and protection strategies should be formulated to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of grasslands and promote the sustainable development of ecosystems. The significance of this study lies not only in providing scientific guidance for the protection and sustainable management of Chinese grasslands, but also in contributing theoretical and practical insights into global carbon sequestration strategies.
Relevance of Tibial Fixation during Tibiotarsal Joint Traction: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: López-de-Celis Carlos , Rodríguez-Sanz Jacobo , Gassó-Villarejo Sergi , García-Ribell Erik , González-Rueda Vanessa , Estébanez-de-Miguel Elena , Bueno-Gracia Elena
Published: September 2024

Background: The effect of tibial fixation on the movement of the talus during the tibiotarsal axial traction technique (TATT) is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the effect on the tibiotarsus when applying three different intensities of TATT force with or without tibial fixation in healthy subjects, and to assess the reliability of detecting the different forces applied. Also, the discomfort generated during the technique would be analysed. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in thirty lower limbs. Three magnitudes of TATT force in an open-packed position were applied in tibial fixation and non-fixation conditions. The axial traction movement was measured by ultrasound, and the magnitudes of the force applied during low-medium and high TATT force were recorded in both conditions. Patients were asked about the level of discomfort perceived during the technique. Results: The most significant distance increase (mm) was observed in the tibial fixation condition at all magnitudes of the TATT (F = 102.693, p < 0.001). The discomfort sensation (numeric rating scale, “NRS”) was higher in the non-fixation condition (p > 0.05). The application of the technique showed good reliability (>0.75 ICC) for the detection of the applied force. Conclusions: The TATT in the tibial fixation condition produced more significant axial movement of the talus (mm) relative to the tibia than the non-tibial fixation condition did. The detection of the magnitudes of movement showed good reliability (ICC: 0.75 to 0.92). The technique was well tolerated at all force magnitudes, with the tibial fixation condition being the most tolerable.