bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed-mode fracture of sandwich composites: Performance improvement with multiwalled carbon nanotube sonicated resin
Authors: Patra Alak K , Mitra Nilanjan
Published: June 2016

An experimental investigation on sandwich composite materials composed of glass-fiber face sheet and polyvinyl-chloride foam core has been carried out. The research demonstrates improvement in mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness values of samples under mixed-mode bending condition. The improvement is recorded with addition of a certain percentage by weight of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in comparison to conventional samples. An easy and cost-effective methodology of multiwalled carbon nanotube insertion through sonication of epoxy resin followed by mixing with hardener and vacuum resin infusion technology for manufacturing of sandwich composites has been utilized in this study. The study also identifies the optimum weight percentage of multiwalled carbon nanotube addition in the resin system for maximum performance gain in mixed-mode fracture toughness. The results of observations in this study have been supported by field emission scanning electron microscope studies as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscope analysis.
A School-Based Intervention to Reduce Excess Weight in Overweight and Obese Primary School Students
Authors: Amini Maryam , Djazayery Abolghassem , Majdzadeh Reza , Taghdisi Mohammad-Hossein , Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh Haleh , Abdollahi Zahra , Hosseinpour-Niazi Nasrin , Chamari Maryam , Nourmohammadi Mahdieh
Published: June 2016

Background:

This study evaluated the effect of an intervention for reducing excess weight gain in primary school-age children in Tehran.

Methods:

A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 12 primary schools in Tehran. Three hundred thirty-four pupils, 167 in the intervention and 167 in the comparison group, determined to be overweight or obese based on World Health Organization standards, were recruited for the study. The intervention included nutrition education and increased physical activity (PA) for the pupils, lifestyle modification for parents, and a change in food items sold at the schools’ canteens. The entire intervention lasted approximately 18 weeks. Measures were taken before and immediately after the intervention.

Results:

The intervention significantly reduced body mass index Z-score and hip circumference ( p = .003 and p < .001, respectively). Waist circumference increased in both groups, but the increase was higher in the comparison group ( p = .001). No significant difference was seen in time spent on TV viewing between groups ( p = .08). Vigorous PA increased in the intervention group ( p < .001), while the comparison group showed an increase in moderate activity only ( p < .001). Energy intake increased significantly in the intervention group ( p < .001). Neither triceps skinfold thickness nor time spent on the computer changed in the intervention group ( p = .51 and p = .1, respectively), while they increased in the comparison group ( p < .001 and p = .004, respectively).

Conclusion:

The study provides a successful model for the implementation of similar interventions throughout the country.
Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma in Young Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Bahig Houda , Petrogiannis-Haliotis Tina , Pehr Kevin L. , Roberge David
Published: June 2016

Although familial aggregation of lymphoproliferative disorders has been described, heredity has not been implicated in the etiology of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL). We report herein the first case of 2 young monozygotic twins with PCBCL. The first twin was an 18-year-old woman when she presented with multiple skin nodules on the thorax and head. Histology showed an atypical small B-cell proliferation, consistent with primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL). Molecular genetics studies demonstrated B-cell clonality. Seven years later, the second twin developed her first lesion that was histologically similar to that of her twin. She subsequently developed other clinically similar lesions. Histology was consistent with PCMZL and showed B-cell clonality. Occurrence of PCBCL in these monozygotic twins raises the possibility of a genetic risk factor. Further study of such rare cases may offer valuable insights into the molecular basis of the etiology and pathogenesis of this unusual disorder.
Smart energy dorms: Social and environmental analysis of Studentato San Bartolomeo
Authors: Albatici Rossano , Gabbi Francesco , Gadotti Alessia
Published: June 2016

European energy politics, usually focused on the single building scale, are now broadening their field of interest towards a wider context, defining more adequate intervention strategies aiming at facilitating virtuous relationship between buildings at district, city and region levels. Themes related to human comfort are properly considered as well, both at physical and social level, namely relational comfort between people living in the same built environment. Again, relationship is the key word. In this context, university student residences have been often studied as large buildings hosting several and complex functions, where people with different habits, education, origins and culture live together. Besides, dorms have particular relationships with the city, often acting as places for urban regeneration. The study presented here concerns the analysis of the recent San Bartolomeo student dorm, performed with focus groups with the occupants and questionnaires, on-site monitoring survey and energy modelling in transient state. The purpose is to present a comprehensive study on the constructive and energetic aspects of existing building complexes, in order to define a possible procedure aimed at considering the overall comfort level of the living community and the interaction with the urban surrounding from an operational and social point of view.
Interpersonal interactions, workplace violence, and occupational health outcomes among social workers
Authors: Shier Micheal L , Graham John R , Nicholas David
Published: June 2016

Primary emphasis within the literature on mechanisms to address the prevalence of negative occupational well-being outcomes among human service workers has tended to focus on individual self-care efforts or organizational level policies aimed at improving work–life balance. While these are important areas of research, the workplace setting itself can also create negative outcomes, suggesting the need to adapt characteristics of this setting. One aspect of this workplace setting includes the dynamics of interpersonal interaction within the workplace. This study reports a multivariate analysis of the relationship between negative workplace interpersonal interactions (generally defined to provide a more holistic assessment of ways in which violence is manifested in the workplace) between workers and service users and between workers themselves and human service worker occupational outcomes.

Findings

In 2012, data were collected from a sample (n = 674) of human service workers in Alberta, Canada. This study finds a high prevalence of negative workplace interactions between workers, and that these experiences have consequences for worker experience’s with burnout and life satisfaction, and contributes to intentions to leave the workplace. Compounding negative interpersonal interactions between workers are particularly significant across all measured occupational outcomes.

Applications

These findings suggest the need for a workplace ‘settings-based’ approach to improve occupational well-being among workers. Utilizing a workplace ‘settings-based’ approach would place more emphasis on the processes and structure of day-to-day work within organizations to help alleviate negative occupational outcomes among workers.
Brave New City: the image in the urban data-space
Authors: Hoelzl Ingrid , Marie Rémi
Published: June 2016

In the last two decades, mobile, locative and wireless media have profoundly reconfigured our experience of the image as well as our experience of the urban space. Based on a critical revision of one of the first accounts of this new experience of the city, Lev Manovich’s ‘Poetics of Augmented Space’ (2006), and on Adrian Mackenzie’s concept of ‘wirelessness’ (2011), the authors define the urban as a data-space where physical and digital data, bodies and signals commute and connect via mobile devices and wireless networks. In this urban data-space, the screen, as our local access point to the networks, coincides with the image as the visual part of multitudinous data exchanges. In this Brave New City, where we are permanently assisted/monitored by a plethora of digital devices, software agents and sensors, the role of the image is no longer to screen the world but to screen our data, turning us into an ambulant real-time database, a mobile corps de données. The data gathered from each and every move in the city allows for infinite and invisible operations of surveillance and control by both government and commercial stakeholders. This hidden operativity is all the more powerful as it is dissimulated in the form of proliferating image-screens.
Terrorism, governmentality and the simulated city: the Boston Marathon bombing and the search for suspect two
Authors: Topinka Robert J
Published: June 2016

This article examines the online circulation of a photograph of the immediate aftermath of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings taken by David Green, a Boston Marathon runner. The photograph fortuitously captured an image of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the younger Tsarnaev brother, running from the scene. Initially, Tsarnaev went unnoticed by online message board users and FBI investigators – he was just another face in the urban crowd. However, after he was identified as suspect two, he emerged in the photograph as the figure of terror, the condensed embodiment of the spectacular attack, and thus as a spectre, a figure whose appearance in the archive of the past haunts the future. The author examines how this spectral emergence simultaneously reveals the attack terrorism launches against everyday mediations and how everyday mediations respond to terrorist spectacle. He argues that photography sustains vernacular practices that also support the practices of urban governmentality. Understanding urban governmentality thus requires attending to the urban archive of visual mediation in which the relationships between past and present, image and reality, and surveillance and spectacle are always contingent and open to revision.
Retracted: Urban greening as the ultimate urban environmental justice tragedy?
Authors: Anguelovski Isabelle
Published: June 2016

At the request of the Editor, the following article has been retracted.

Isabelle Anguelovski, “Urban greening as the ultimate urban environmental justice tragedy?” Planning Theory first published on June 29, 2016 as doi:10.1177/1473095216654448
Microscope or Telescope? The Study of Democratisation across World Regions
Authors: Bogaards Matthijs
Published: June 2016

This review article brings together six recent books on democratisation. They cover Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, East Central Europe and the Balkans, Eurasia, and East and South East Asia. The review asks what we can learn from reading about democratisation in different parts of the world. The aim is twofold: to identify regionally specific processes of democratisation and to explore cross-regional commonalities. When viewed in combination, these regional studies of democratisation reveal the limitations of area studies and the need for comparative area studies.

Cheeseman N (2015) Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hale H (2015) Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hsin-Huang MH (ed.) (2014) Democracy or Alternative Political Systems in Asia: After the Strongmen. London: Routledge.

Mainwaring S and Pérez-Liñán A (2013) Democracies and Dictatorship in Latin America: Emergence, Survival, and Fall. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Petrovic M (2013) The Democratic Transition of Post-Communist Europe: In the Shadow of Communist Differences and Uneven Europeanisation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Sadiki L (ed.) (2015) Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring: Rethinking Democratization. London: Routledge.
Picturing Adelante
Authors: Cubilla-Batista Idalina , Andrade Elizabeth L. , Cleary Sean D. , Edberg Mark C. , Evans William D. , Simmons Lauren K. , Sojo-Lara Gloriana
Published: June 2016

We applied Photovoice, an innovative methodology, in order to enhance participation by Latino youth living in Langley Park, MD in community-based participatory research (CBPR) and in the ongoing Adelante Positive Youth Development intervention. This study sought to: 1) expand our understanding of current needs and experiences of Latino youth and update our information on the evolving Marketplace; 2) involve youth in the process of developing CBPR intervention and social marketing components; and 3) build skills in photography, critical thinking, and community activism among Latino youth. Using Photovoice, we engaged twelve Latino youth, including six recently arrived to the U.S. and six second generation immigrants, in a dialogue about peer, family, community, and health issues affecting Latinos. Through six sessions, participants developed photography skills, used photographs to stimulate critical thinking and discussion, and suggested solutions for emergent issues. Sixty pictures selected for group discussion all corresponded to one of the three main domains of inquiry: 1) Strengths and needs of Langley Park, 2) Latino youth experiences, and 3) Community health assets and risks. Participants organized a photography exhibition and community forum to raise awareness about important findings. Both recently arrived and second generation Latino youth have important perspectives to share that guide and refine ongoing targeted CBPR interventions. Findings from this study shed light on the most relevant topics for community-based interventions, advocacy, and social marketing campaigns needed in this community. Photovoice is a useful tool for social marketing formative research targeting immigrant youth sub-groups.
Improved Physical Activity Screening Enhances Intervention Effectiveness in Ethnic Minority Women
Authors: Mama Scherezade K. , Leach Heather J. , Soltero Erica G. , Lee Rebecca E.
Published: June 2016

This study identified inconsistencies in physical activity (PA) reported at screening and baseline of a 6-month health promotion intervention and explored how these inconsistencies influenced intervention effectiveness in African American and Hispanic women. Participants completed a telephone screener to determine eligibility for a PA intervention. Inactive participants (≤90 minutes of PA/week) were invited to a baseline assessment, where they completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, measuring work, transportation, gardening/housework, and leisure-time PA. Women returned after 6 months to complete an identical post-intervention assessment. Despite being screened as inactive, baseline Questionnaire data indicated that 85.0% of participants (N = 274, M age = 44.6 years, M body mass index = 34.8 kg/m2) were active (>90 minutes of PA/week). Women who reported any work-related PA were 20.9 times more likely to be active at baseline than those who did not (p < .001). Participants who were inactive at both screening and baseline reported greater increases in domestic and gardening PA and total PA from baseline to postintervention (ps < .05). Overweight/obese ethnic minority women may misreport being physically inactive during screening if specific questions about type of PA are not included. Post hoc analyses controlling for screening inaccuracies may improve effectiveness of PA interventions and help intervention programs reach women who may benefit the most.
Risk Factors for Clostridium Difficile Diarrhea in Patients With Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Ramos Antonio , Ortiz Jorge , Asensio Ángel , Martínez-Ruiz Rocío , Múñez Elena , Cantero Mireia , Cozar Alberto , Ussetti Piedad , Portolés José , Cuervas-Mons Valentín
Published: June 2016

Background:

There is limited knowledge about specific risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

Method:

A retrospective study comparing cases of CDI in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with controls (SOT recipients who did not present CDI).

Results:

Thirty patients with SOT from 1340 transplantation recipients had at least 1 episode of CDI (2.23%). The accumulated incidence was 3.06% in liver transplantation, 2.78% in lung transplantation, 2.36% in kidney transplantation, and 0.33% in heart transplantation. Seven (23%) cases occurred during the first 2 months. Fifteen (50%) cases were community acquired. Colonoscopy was performed in 6 (20%) cases, but pseudomembranes were observed in only 1 (16%) case. Independent variables found to be related to CDI were previous treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs; odds ratio [OR] 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-32.0), immunosuppressive regimen including mycophenolate (OR 5.2; 95%CI 1.1-18), hospitalization during the previous 3 months (OR 5.1; 95%CI 1.1-17), and antibiotic treatment during the previous month (OR 6.7; 95%CI 1.4-23). Five (16.7%) patients did not respond to the initial treatment. Recurrences were noted in 6 (20%) patients.

Conclusions:

Liver transplant recipients presented the highest incidence. Risk factors for CDI were previous treatment with PPIs, immunosuppressive regimen containing mycophenolate, prior hospitalization, and prior antibiotic treatment.
Digital Conquerors: Minecraft and the Apologetics of Neoliberalism
Authors: Dooghan Daniel
Published: June 2016

The widespread popularity of sandbox games, and Minecraft in particular, may be a recent phenomenon, but their appeal may be much older. Rather than representing a wholly new development in gaming, these games may participate in a larger media ecology that flatters a neoliberal worldview. This research calls for greater attention to the coercive economic assumptions encoded in game mechanics. Drawing on scholarship in ludology, postcolonial studies, and phenomenology, it suggests that sandbox games like Minecraft habituate players to myths of empire and capital that rationalize political and economic inequality. More than simply offering a blank slate for player creation, Minecraft rewards players for assuming their entitlement to the world’s resources and thus their superiority over other inhabitants of the game world.
Gender Differences in Psychosocial and Medical Outcomes Stemming From Testing Positive for the BRCA1/2 Genetic Mutation for Breast Cancer: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Hesse-Biber Sharlene
Published: June 2016

This quantitatively driven sequential mixed methods study articulates the role of theory in mixed methods research and assesses the contribution of a mixed methods design to examining gender differences in men and women’s genetic testing decisions and the psychosocial factors impacting health-seeking behaviors post-testing. A quantitative online survey of BRCA-positive mutation men and women was followed by a qualitative component consisting of semi-structured telephone interviews regarding genetic testing and post-testing decision making. Findings reveal gender differences in testing motivations: women focus on health; men focus on their family’s needs. Gender differences also appeared in psychological states and surgical decisions, revealing women’s more negative psychosocial reactions to a positive BRCA test result and higher rate of selecting preventative surgery.
Low-power mapping algorithm for three-dimensional network-on-chip based on diversity-controlled quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization
Authors: Huang Cui , Zhang Dakun , Song Guozhi
Published: June 2016

Three-dimensional network on chip (3D NoC) is developed based on three-dimensional integrated circuit, system on chip and two-dimensional network on chip. The 3D NoC is mainly used to solve the problems such as communication bottleneck of highly integrated chips. Mapping of 3D NoC is a key problem in the research area of 3D NoC. The authors proposed a low-power mapping algorithm based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce power consumption, but with large-scale application characteristic graph, the efficiency of power optimization cannot be improved very much. To solve this problem, a low-power mapping algorithm for 3D NoC based on diversity-controlled quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that for large-scale application characteristic graph, this algorithm is able to maintain a stable power optimization efficiency (4.08–8.04%) and converges much faster.
Neurosarcoidosis Presenting With Recurrent Strokes
Authors: Raza Naheed , Schreck Karisa C.
Published: June 2016

Neurosarcoidosis is a rare but important cause of stroke as it is treatable. Cases reported thus far have primarily been in young people who are relatively healthy. Here we report the case of a 73-year-old woman presenting with recurrent strokes and high-grade intracranial stenosis caused by probable neurosarcoidosis. This is unique as neurosarcoidosis is not usually considered as an etiology for recurrent strokes in our patient’s age-group. We review and categorize published cases of neurosarcoidosis causing stroke and describe a classification scheme for certainty of diagnosis. Given the implications of this diagnosis for secondary stroke prevention, we recommend that neurosarcoidosis be considered in the differential for patients with few vascular risk factors, recurrent strokes refractory to medical treatment, or possible vasculitis even in the elderly patients.
Recent advances and novel treatment paradigms in acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Papadantonakis Nikolaos , Advani Anjali S.
Published: June 2016

This is an exciting time in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) given the advances in the relapsed/refractory setting. The development of antibody treatments (including antibody drug conjugates with toxins) offers a different treatment approach compared with conventional chemotherapy regimens. Moreover, the use of bispecific T-cell-engager antibodies (BiTEs) such as blinatumomab harness the cytotoxic activity of T cells against CD19-positive lymphoblasts. Another strategy involves the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CAR T cells have demonstrated promising results in the relapsed/refractory setting. However, the use of BiTEs and CAR T cells is also associated with a distinct set of adverse reactions that must be taken into account by the treating physician. Apart from the above strategies, the use of other targeted therapies has attracted interest. Namely, the discovery of the Philadelphia (Ph)-like signature in children and young adults with ALL has led to the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in these patients. The different drugs and strategies that are being tested in the relapsed/refractory ALL setting pose a unique challenge in identifying the optimum sequence of treatment and determining which approaches should be considered for frontline treatment.
Report of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table regulatory workshop update of the evaluation of new agents for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome: Executive summary
Authors: Bueno Héctor , de Graeff Pieter , Richard-Lordereau Isabelle , Emmerich Joseph , Fox Keith AA , Friedman Carola P , Gaudin Christophe , El-Gazayerly Amany , Goldman Samantha , Hemmrich Melanie , Henderson Robert A , Himmelmann Anders , Irs Alar , Jackson Neville , James Stefan K , Katus Hugo A , Laslop Andrea , Laws Ian , Mehran Roxana , Ong Seleen , Prasad Krishna , Roffi Marco , Rosano Giuseppe MC , Rose Martin , Sinnaeve Peter R , Stough Wendy Gattis , Thygesen Kristian , Van de Werf Frans , Varin Claire , Verheugt Freek WA , de los Angeles Alonso García Maria
Published: June 2016

Regulatory authorities interpret the results of randomized controlled trials according to published principles. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is planning a revision of the 2000 and 2003 guidance documents on clinical investigation of new medicinal products for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to achieve consistency with current knowledge in the field. This manuscript summarizes the key output from a collaborative workshop, organized by the Cardiovascular Round Table and the European Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology, involving clinicians, academic researchers, trialists, European and US regulators, and pharmaceutical industry researchers. Specific questions in four key areas were selected as priorities for changes in regulatory guidance: patient selection, endpoints, methodologic issues and issues related to the research for novel agents. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) should be studied separately for therapies aimed at the specific pathophysiology of either condition, particularly for treatment of the acute phase, but can be studied together for other treatments, especially long-term therapy. Unstable angina patients should be excluded from acute phase ACS trials. In general, cardiovascular death and reinfarction are recommended for primary efficacy endpoints; other endpoints may be considered if specifically relevant for the therapy under study. New agents or interventions should be tested against a background of evidence-based therapy with expanded follow-up for safety assessment. In conclusion, new guidance documents for randomized controlled trials in ACS should consider changes regarding patient and endpoint selection and definitions, and trial designs. Specific requirements for the evaluation of novel pharmacological therapies need further clarification.
Mastering the Journey to Continuous Compliance
Authors: Hanna Kimberly , Duvall Judy , Turpin Rebecca L. , Pendleton-Romig Katherine , Parker Sherrie
Published: June 2016

The accreditation process of a nursing program requires self-assessment, peer evaluation, and identifying areas of improvement. In 2008, the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) began offering a 10-year accreditation with a Continuous Improvement Progress Report (CIPR) at the fifth year. This article focuses on an in-depth analysis of a system in which the school of nursing utilized an ad hoc committee to complete the CIPR. Reports generated by the ad hoc committee concluded that need for improvement was warranted related to policy review. An action plan for continuous compliance generated implementation of policy software and the creation of an academic support specialist position. An ad hoc committee completed the CIPR rather than paying faculty overload hours; policy was an exemplar. Faculty development, team performance, and accountability resulted in a plan for continual compliance that can be adopted in other nursing schools to meet CCNE accreditation.
Emerging Adulthood and Social Class
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen
Published: June 2016

Here I reply to the commentaries by Furstenberg, Silva, and du Bois-Reymond on my essay concerning emerging adulthood (EA) and social class. I support Furstenberg’s suggestion to use national data from other projects to examine questions concerning the relation between EA and social class as well as the distinctiveness of ages 18–25 compared to other age-groups. I also support Silva’s suggestion to dig deeper in the quantitative survey results by using qualitative methods to examine what people mean by their responses. I agree with du Bois-Reymond, too, about the ambiguity of interpreting survey results but argue that other data also support my finding that most American emerging adults hope to find jobs that do good in the world. In sum, this exchange between me and the three critics is an important and constructive step forward in the debate on EA and social class.
Analysis of the Tibial Epiphysis in the Skeletally Immature Knee Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Davis Derik L. , Almardawi Ranyah , Mitchell Jason W.
Published: June 2016

Background:

Physeal-sparing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is being performed increasingly in skeletally immature knees.

Purpose:

To determine normal values for the maximum oblique length and “safe” physeal-sparing length and their corresponding angular trajectories across the tibial epiphysis on reconstructed magnetic resonance images (MRIs) in children and adolescents.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

An electronic search for pediatric knee MR examinations from April 2003 to April 2013 was performed at our institution. A 3-dimensional system viewer was used to measure the maximum oblique length, physeal-sparing length, and their corresponding angular trajectories on reconstructed MRIs. Knees were stratified by age into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of boys <13 years and girls <12 years and group 2 consisted of older boys (13-14 years) and girls (12-14 years). Each cohort was further stratified by sex. Group 1 consisted of 36 knees (mean age, 10.9 years) and group 2 consisted of 59 knees (mean age, 13.6 years).

Results:

Significant differences existed for the maximum oblique length and its angular trajectory for the younger versus older cohort (22.2 ± 2.7 vs 23.8 ± 2.7 mm, P = .007; 42.0° ± 4.0° vs 39.4° ± 4.2°, P = .003) and for the physeal-sparing length and its angular trajectory (19.4 ± 2.8 vs 21.3 ± 2.9 mm, P = .001; 30.1° ± 4.1° vs 28.2° ± 4.5°, P = .042). In group 2, females had shorter maximal oblique length and physeal-sparing length than boys (22.7 ± 2.3 vs 25.0 ± 2.7 mm, P < .001; 20.3 ± 2.6 vs 22.4 ± 2.9 mm, P = .004).

Conclusion:

The maximum oblique length across the tibial epiphysis is shorter than previously believed, measuring approximately 22 mm and approximately 24 mm for high- and intermediate-risk knees, respectively. However, “safe” physeal-sparing lengths were only approximately 19 mm and 21 mm for the younger and older cohorts, respectively. The angles corresponding to the maximum and safe lengths are more acute than commonly thought, measuring approximately 40° and 30°, respectively. All prepubescent knees and intermediate-risk females should receive careful attention before ACL reconstruction due to the relative smaller size of their tibial epiphyses.

Clinical Relevance:

Physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction is gaining acceptance as a surgical option for complete ACL tear in skeletally immature knees. Iatrogenic growth disturbance after violation of an open growth remains a real concern for surgeons tasked with providing operative management for the unstable pediatric knee. Inadvertent iatrogenic growth plate injury to the tibial physis has been shown to occur more commonly than surgeons would intend during physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction.
Emotion, Sociality, and the Brain’s Default Mode Network
Authors: Immordino-Yang Mary Helen
Published: June 2016

Education research—for example, on character, stereotype threat, and identity-based motivation—demonstrates that social and emotional factors influence students’ cognitive abilities and academic achievement. In parallel, recent advances in social-affective and cultural neuroscience reveal the social nature of human brain development and neural processing. Neuroscience can inform educational practice and policy by uncovering the mechanisms that may produce the observed social and emotional effects on learning. One major advance shows how the brain’s Default Mode Network supports social-emotional feelings and broader thought patterns associated with self-processing, identity, meaning-making, and future-oriented thought. This article introduces policy makers to this research and its implications for educational decision making.
TNF-α priming enhances CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell suppressive function in murine GVHD prevention and treatment
Authors: Pierini Antonio , Strober William , Moffett Caitlin , Baker Jeanette , Nishikii Hidekazu , Alvarez Maite , Pan Yuqiong , Schneidawind Dominik , Meyer Everett , Negrin Robert S.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

TNF-α produced during aGVHD is a strong and selective activator of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. In vitro TNF-α priming enhances CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg proliferation and their ability to protect from GVHD.
Phosphoproteomic profiling of mouse primary HSPCs reveals new regulators of HSPC mobilization
Authors: Wang Leo D. , Ficarro Scott B. , Hutchinson John N. , Csepanyi-Komi Roland , Nguyen Phi T. , Wisniewski Eva , Sullivan Jessica , Hofmann Oliver , Ligeti Erzsebet , Marto Jarrod A. , Wagers Amy J.
Published: June 2016

Key Points

Combining flow cytometry and high-performance mass spectrometry enables phosphoproteomic analysis of rare blood cell populations. ARHGAP25 dephosphorylation augments activity and promotes blood stem and progenitor cell mobilization by enhancing CXCL12 and Rac signaling.
A single-cell resolution map of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Nestorowa Sonia , Hamey Fiona K. , Pijuan Sala Blanca , Diamanti Evangelia , Shepherd Mairi , Laurenti Elisa , Wilson Nicola K. , Kent David G. , Göttgens Berthold
Published: June 2016

Key Points

An expression map of HSPC differentiation from single-cell RNA sequencing of HSPCs provides insights into blood stem cell differentiation. A user-friendly Web resource provides access to single-cell gene expression profiles for the wider research community.
A De-Novo Genome Analysis Pipeline (DeNoGAP) for large-scale comparative prokaryotic genomics studies
Authors: Thakur Shalabh , Guttman David S.
Published: June 2016

Background

Comparative analysis of whole genome sequence data from closely related prokaryotic species or strains is becoming an increasingly important and accessible approach for addressing both fundamental and applied biological questions. While there are number of excellent tools developed for performing this task, most scale poorly when faced with hundreds of genome sequences, and many require extensive manual curation.

Results

We have developed a de-novo genome analysis pipeline (DeNoGAP) for the automated, iterative and high-throughput analysis of data from comparative genomics projects involving hundreds of whole genome sequences. The pipeline is designed to perform reference-assisted and de novo gene prediction, homolog protein family assignment, ortholog prediction, functional annotation, and pan-genome analysis using a range of proven tools and databases. While most existing methods scale quadratically with the number of genomes since they rely on pairwise comparisons among predicted protein sequences, DeNoGAP scales linearly since the homology assignment is based on iteratively refined hidden Markov models. This iterative clustering strategy enables DeNoGAP to handle a very large number of genomes using minimal computational resources. Moreover, the modular structure of the pipeline permits easy updates as new analysis programs become available.

Conclusion

DeNoGAP integrates bioinformatics tools and databases for comparative analysis of a large number of genomes. The pipeline offers tools and algorithms for annotation and analysis of completed and draft genome sequences. The pipeline is developed using Perl, BioPerl and SQLite on Ubuntu Linux version 12.04 LTS. Currently, the software package accompanies script for automated installation of necessary external programs on Ubuntu Linux; however, the pipeline should be also compatible with other Linux and Unix systems after necessary external programs are installed. DeNoGAP is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/denogap/.
Light-sheet microscopy for everyone? Experience of building an OpenSPIM to study flatworm development
Authors: Girstmair Johannes , Zakrzewski Anne , Lapraz François , Handberg-Thorsager Mette , Tomancak Pavel , Pitrone Peter Gabriel , Simpson Fraser , Telford Maximilian J.
Published: June 2016

Background

Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM a type of light-sheet microscopy) involves focusing a thin sheet of laser light through a specimen at right angles to the objective lens. As only the thin section of the specimen at the focal plane of the lens is illuminated, out of focus light is naturally absent and toxicity due to light (phototoxicity) is greatly reduced enabling longer term live imaging. OpenSPIM is an open access platform (Pitrone et al. 2013 and OpenSPIM.org) created to give new users step-by-step instructions on building a basic configuration of a SPIM microscope, which can in principle be adapted and upgraded to each laboratory’s own requirements and budget. Here we describe our own experience with the process of designing, building, configuring and using an OpenSPIM for our research into the early development of the polyclad flatworm Maritigrella crozieri – a non-model animal.

Results

Our OpenSPIM builds on the standard design with the addition of two colour laser illumination for simultaneous detection of two probes/molecules and dual sided illumination, which provides more even signal intensity across a specimen. Our OpenSPIM provides high resolution 3d images and time lapse recordings, and we demonstrate the use of two colour lasers and the benefits of two color dual-sided imaging. We used our microscope to study the development of the embryo of the polyclad flatworm M. crozieri. The capabilities of our microscope are demonstrated by our ability to record the stereotypical spiral cleavage pattern of M. crozieri with high-speed multi-view time lapse imaging. 3D and 4D (3D + time) reconstruction of early development from these data is possible using image registration and deconvolution tools provided as part of the open source Fiji platform. We discuss our findings on the pros and cons of a self built microscope.

Conclusions

We conclude that home-built microscopes, such as an OpenSPIM, together with the available open source software, such as MicroManager and Fiji, make SPIM accessible to anyone interested in having continuous access to their own light-sheet microscope. However, building an OpenSPIM is not without challenges and an open access microscope is a worthwhile, if significant, investment of time and money. Multi-view 4D microscopy is more challenging than we had expected. We hope that our experience gained during this project will help future OpenSPIM users with similar ambitions.
A note on recent cyclic fixed point results in dislocated quasi-b-metric spaces
Authors: Dolićanin-Ðekić Diana , Došenović Tatjana , Huang Huaping , Radenović Stojan
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to establish some fixed point results for cyclic contractions in the setting of dislocated quasi-b-metric spaces. We verify that some previous cyclic contraction results in dislocated quasi-b-metric spaces are just equivalent to the non-cyclic ones in the same spaces. Moreover, by using two examples, we highlight the superiority of the results obtained.
Changing climate and its impacts on Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Das Debojyoti
Published: June 2016

The paper explores climate change induced hydro hazards and its impact on tribal communities in Majuli (largest river island of Brahmaputra River Basin). The island has been experiencing recurrent floods, erosion, and siltation, which has distressed the socio-economic foundation and livelihood of the Mishing—a indigenous community on Northeast India, leading to out migration from the island. The indicators selected to capture the vulnerability of the island to climate change are dependency ratio; occurrence of natural hazards (floods) and coping methods; income of the household; and livelihood diversification. To gather the quantitative and qualitative data on these parameters the methods was designed to conduct both sample survey of households and focus group discussions. The findings reveal that in the selected villages, the dependency ratio is 4 (dependents): 1 (earning member); average income of the household is low i.e. $ 40/month and is declining as compared to last few years because of frequent floods, erosion and siltation that has decreased farm productivity which is the main source of income. The impact of changing climate and heightened flood and erosion risk to farmlands has been forced migration to cities and neighboring urban centers like Jorhar for stable livelihood. Therefore, we propose that a possible way to enhance social resilience to changing climate and vagaries of monsoon (tropical disturbances) is to promote alternative occupation like eco-tourism as (Majuli is the center of Vaisnavism and Satras in Northeast India) and invest in adaptive strategies to mitigate flood by incorporating lay and place-based knowledge of the Mishing community in flood management. Also facilitate community’s participation and awareness towards hydro hazards based on flood proof housing focusing on indigenous knowledge.
Oocyte-dependent activation of MTOR in cumulus cells controls the development and survival of cumulus-oocyte complexes
Authors: Guo Jing , Shi Lanying , Gong Xuhong , Jiang Mengjie , Yin Yaoxue , Zhang Xiaoyun , Yin Hong , Li Hui , Emori Chihiro , Sugiura Koji , Eppig John J. , Su You-Qiang
Published: June 2016

Communication between oocytes and their companion somatic cells promotes the healthy development of ovarian follicles, which is crucial for producing fertilizable oocytes competent to support embryogenesis. However, how oocyte-derived signaling regulates these essential processes remains largely undefined. Here, we demonstrated that oocyte-derived paracrine factors, particularly GDF9 and GDF9:BMP15 heterodimer, promote the development and survival of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) partly by suppressing the expression of Ddit4l, a negative regulator of MTOR, and enabling the activation of MTOR signaling in cumulus cells. Cumulus cells expressed less Ddit4l mRNA and protein than mural granulosa cells, which is in striking contrast to the expression of phosphorylated RPS6 (a major downstream effector of MTOR). Knockdown of Ddit4l activated MTOR signaling in cumulus cells, whereas inhibition of MTOR in COCs compromised oocyte developmental competence and cumulus cell survival, with the latter likely attributable to specific changes of a subset of transcripts in the transcriptome of COCs. Therefore, oocyte suppression of Ddit4l expression allows for MTOR activation in cumulus cells, and this oocyte-dependent activation of MTOR signaling in cumulus cells controls the development and survival of COCs.
Necrotic pyknosis is a morphologically and biochemically distinct event from apoptotic pyknosis
Authors: Hou Lin , Liu Kai , Li Yuhong , Ma Shuang , Ji Xunming , Liu Lei
Published: June 2016

Classification of apoptosis and necrosis by morphological difference has been widely used for decades. However, this method has been seriously doubt in recent years, mainly due to lack of functional and biochemical evidence to interpret the morphology changes. To address these questions, we devised genetic manipulations in Drosophila to study pyknosis, a process of nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation occurred in apoptosis and necrosis. By following the progression of necrotic pyknosis, we surprisingly observed a transient state of chromatin detachment from the nuclear envelope (NE), followed with the NE completely collapsed onto chromatin. This phenomenon leads us to discover that phosphorylation of barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) mediates this initial separation of NE from chromatin. Functionally, inhibition of BAF phosphorylation suppressed the necrosis in both Drosophila and human cells, suggesting necrotic pyknosis is conserved in the propagation of necrosis. In contrast, apoptotic pyknosis did not show a detached state of chromatin from NE and inhibition of BAF phosphorylation had no effect on apoptotic pyknosis and apoptosis. Our research provides the first genetic evidence supporting morphological classification of apoptosis and necrosis by pyknosis.
Numb directs the subcellular localization of excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 through binding the YXNXXF motif
Authors: Su Jin-Feng , Wei Jian , Li Pei-Shan , Miao Hong-Hua , Ma Yong-Chao , Qu Yu-Xiu , Xu Jie , Qin Jie , Li Bo-Liang , Song Bao-Liang , Xu Zheng-Ping , Luo Jie
Published: June 2016

Excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3) is a high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate carrier that localizes primarily within the cell and the apical plasma membrane. Although previous studies have reported proteins and sequence regions involved in EAAT3 trafficking, the detailed molecular mechanism how EAAT3 is distributed to proper location still remains elusive. Here, we identify that the YVNGGF sequence in the C terminus of EAAT3 is responsible for its intracellular localization and apical sorting in rat hepatoma cells CRL1601 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells respectively. We further demonstrate that Numb, a clathrin adaptor protein, directly binds the YVNGGF motif and regulates the localization of EAAT3. Alanine substitution of critical residues including Y503, N505 and F508 within the YVNGGF motif of EAAT3 or silencing Numb by siRNA results in aberrant localization of EAAT3. Moreover, both Numb and the YVNGGF motif mediate EAAT3 endocytosis in CRL1601 cells. In sum, our study suggests that Numb is a pivotal adaptor protein imperative for the subcellular localization of EAAT3 through binding to the YXNXXF (where X stands for any amino acid) motif.
The Src kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn activate Abl2/Arg to facilitate IgG-mediated phagocytosis andLeishmaniainfection
Authors: Wetzel Dawn M. , Rhodes Emma L. , Li Shaoguang , McMahon-Pratt Diane , Koleske Anthony J.
Published: June 2016

Leishmaniasis is a devastating disease that disfigures or kills nearly 2 million people each year. Establishment and persistence of infection by the obligate intracellular parasite Leishmania requires repeated uptake by macrophages and other phagocytes. Therefore, preventing uptake could be a novel therapeutic strategy for leishmaniasis. Amastigotes, the life cycle stage found in the human host, bind Fc receptors and enter macrophages primarily through immunoglobulin-mediated phagocytosis. However, the host machinery that mediates amastigote uptake is poorly understood. We have shown that the Abl2/Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinase facilitates L. amazonensis amastigote uptake by macrophages. Using small molecule inhibitors and primary macrophages lacking specific Src family kinases, we now demonstrate that the Hck, Fgr, and Lyn kinases are also necessary for amastigote uptake by macrophages. Src-mediated Arg activation is required for efficient uptake. Interestingly, the dual Arg/Src kinase inhibitor bosutinib, which is approved to treat cancer, not only decreases amastigote uptake, but also significantly reduces disease severity and parasite burden in Leishmania-infected mice. Our results suggest that leishmaniasis could potentially be treated with host cell-active agents such as kinase inhibitors.