bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Language of Failure
Authors: Sandell Niklas , Svensson Peter
Published: November 2014

The natural language that accompanies the accounting language in financial reports is not only a more or less accurate representation of the company but also, the authors argue, a response to explicit as well as implicit external demands, expectations, and accusations. Drawing on the notion of accounts (i.e., statements or responses that neutralize critique of not meeting expectations), the authors analyze the natural language in financial reports. In analyzing financial reports with the use of account theory, both individual actions and structurally anchored financial report discourse are approached. The theory of accounts helps the authors discern the fine-grained anatomy of financial reports by means of which impressions are managed, legitimacy is upheld, and the dialogue between companies and their public is maintained. The analysis demonstrates the presence of five types of accounts in the financial reports: excuse, justification, refocusing, concession, and mystification. Financial reporting is a legally and culturally regulated genre of business communication that partakes in the ongoing conversation between a company and its public. Understanding the role of accounts is needed to enhance the genre awareness and reader competence among the readers of financial reports.
MiR-183/-96/-182 cluster is up-regulated in most breast cancers and increases cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Li Pei , Sheng Cheng , Huang Lingling , Zhang Hui , Huang Lihua , Cheng Zeneng , Zhu Qubo
Published: November 2014

Introduction

The miR-183/-96/-182 cluster is a conserved polycistronic microRNA (miRNA) cluster which is highly expressed in most breast cancers. Although there are some sporadic reports which demonstrate the importance of each miRNA in this cluster in breast cancer, the biological roles of this cluster as a whole and its regulation mechanisms in breast cancer are still unclear. We compared the expression of this cluster in different cancer types, analyzed the regulation mechanism of this cluster, identified new target genes, and examined the impact of this cluster on breast cancer cells.

Methods

The miRNA level was detected by LNA-based northern blot and Real-time PCR, and was also analyzed from TCGA dataset. Bioinformatics research and luciferase assay were applied to find the promoter regions and transcription factors. To investigate the biological effects of the miR-183/-96 /-182 cluster in breast cancer, we generated miR-96, miR-182 and miR-183 overexpression stable cell lines to check the overdose effects; we also used miR-Down™ antagomir for each miRNA as well as miR-183/-96 /-182 cluster sponge lentivirus to check the knockdown effects. Growth, migration, cell cycle profile and survival of these cells was then monitored by colony formation assay, MTT assay, cell wound healing assay, flow cytometry and microscopy. The target gene was validated by Real-time PCR, luciferase assay, Western blot and Phalloidin/DAPI counterstaining.

Results

The miR-183/-96/-182 cluster was highly expressed in most breast cancers, and its transcription is disordered in breast cancer. The miR-183/-96/-182 cluster was transcribed in the same pri-miRNA and its transcription was regulated by ZEB1 and HSF2. It increased breast cell growth by promoting more rapid completion of mitosis, promoted cell migration and was essential for cell survival. MiR-183 targeted the RAB21 mRNA directly in breast cancer.

Conclusion

The miR-183/-96/-182 cluster is up-regulated in most breast cancer. It functions as an oncogene in breast cancer as it increases cell proliferation and migration.
Droperidolv. haloperidol for sedation of aggressive behaviour in acute mental health: Randomised controlled trial
Authors: Calver Leonie , Drinkwater Vincent , Gupta Rahul , Page Colin B. , Isbister Geoffrey K.
Published: November 2014

Background

Agitation and aggression are significant problems in acute psychiatric units. There is little consensus on which drug is most effective and safest for sedation of these patients.

Aims

To compare the effectiveness and safety of haloperidolv. droperidol for patients with agitation and aggression.

Method

In a masked, randomised controlled trial (ACTRN12611000565943) intramuscular droperidol (10 mg) was compared with intramuscular haloperidol (10 mg) for adult patients with acute behavioural disturbance in a psychiatric intensive care unit. The primary outcome was time to sedation within 120 min. Secondary outcomes were use of additional sedation, adverse events and staff injuries.

Results

From 584 patients, 110 were randomised to haloperidol and 118 to droperidol. Effective sedation occurred in 210 (92%) patients within 120 min. There was no significant difference in median time to sedation: 20 min (interquartile range 15–30, range 10–75) for haloperidolv. 25 min (IQR 15–30, range 10–115) for droperidol (P= 0.89). Additional sedation was used more often with haloperidol (13%v. 5%,P= 0.06), but adverse effects were less common with haloperidol (1%v. 5%,P= 0.12). There were 8 staff injuries.

Conclusions

Both haloperidol and droperidol were effective for sedation of patients with acute behavioural disturbance.
Sex Steroids, Precursors, and Metabolite Deficiencies in Men With Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Panhypopituitarism: A GCMS-Based Comparative Study
Authors: Giton Frank , Trabado Séverine , Maione Luigi , Sarfati Julie , Le Bouc Yves , Brailly-Tabard Sylvie , Fiet Jean , Young Jacques
Published: November 2014

Context:

Both testicular and adrenal steroid secretions are impaired in men with panhypopituitarism (Hypo-Pit), whereas only testicular steroid secretion is impaired in men with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (IHH) caused by normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or Kallmann syndrome.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to compare the serum levels of sex steroids, precursors, and metabolites between men with complete IHH and those with Hypo-Pit.

Patients:

We studied 42 healthy men, 16 untreated men with IHH (normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism/Kallmann syndrome) and 23 men with Hypo-Pit (14 with craniopharyngioma, 9 with congenital hypopituitarism) receiving hydrocortisone, thyroxine, and GH replacement therapy but not T.

Methods:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used to measure the serum levels of sex steroids [T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2)], their precursors (pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenediol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione), and their metabolites (androsterone, estrone, and estrone sulfate) as well as pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate esters.

Results:

All the above-mentioned steroids, and notably T, DHT, and E2, were significantly lower in IHH patients than in controls but remained well above the detection limit of the relevant assays. In Hypo-Pit men, all these steroids were dramatically and significantly lower than in IHH. Interestingly, T, DHT, and E2, as well as pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate esters, were undetectable or barely detectable in the Hypo-Pit men.

Conclusions:

Steroid deficiencies are marked but partial in men with complete IHH. In contrast, men with Hypo-Pit have a very severe overall steroid deficiency. These deficiencies could affect health and quality of life.
Cancer-Related Worry in Canadian Thyroid Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bresner Lauren , Banach Rita , Rodin Gary , Thabane Lehana , Ezzat Shereen , Sawka Anna M.
Published: November 2014

Context:

Little is known about cancer-related worry in thyroid cancer survivors.

Objectives:

We quantified cancer-related worry in Canadian thyroid cancer survivors and explored associated factors.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

We performed a cross-sectional, self-administered, written survey of thyroid cancer survivor members of the Thyroid Cancer Canada support group. Independent factors associated with cancer-related worry were identified using a multivariable linear regression analysis.

Main Outcome Measure:

We used the Assessment of Survivor Concerns (ASC) questionnaire, which includes questions on worry about diagnostic tests, second primary malignancy, recurrence, dying, health, and children's health.

Results:

The response rate for eligible members was 60.1% (941 of 1567). Most respondents were women (89.0%; 837 of 940), and the age was < 50 years in 54.0% of participants (508 of 941). Thyroid cancer was diagnosed within ≤ 5 years in 66.1% of participants (622 of 940). The mean overall ASC score was 15.34 (SD, 4.7) (on a scale from 6 [least worry] to 24 [most worry]). Factors associated with increased ASC score included: younger age (P < .001), current suspected or proven recurrent/persistent disease (ie, current proven active disease or abnormal diagnostic tests) (P < .001), partnered marital status (P = .021), having children (P = .029), and ≤5 years since thyroid cancer diagnosis (P = .017).

Conclusions:

In a population of Canadian thyroid cancer survivors, cancer-related worry was greatest in younger survivors and those with either confirmed or suspected disease activity. Family status and time since thyroid cancer diagnosis were also associated with increased worry. More research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop effective preventative and supportive strategies for those at risk.
Manuel María’s Agrarian Poetry, Galician Literature, and Spain’s Democratic Transition
Authors: García José María Rodríguez
Published: November 2014

It is generally assumed that Marxist revolutionary platforms were, in the wake of Generalísimo Francisco Franco’s death in 1975, fatally eroded by government decentralization, a burgeoning civil society, and a medium-level welfare state. These phenomena made the expression of Spain’s substate national identities less belligerent as they advanced by other means the technocratic and timidly cosmopolitan mind-set that informed Franco’s later administrations. The present essay explores the differential and dissenting sensibilities of key authors who during the period under study wrote in Galician, continued to identify with their homeland’s right of self-determination, and insisted on foregrounding its areas of socioeconomic exclusion and underdevelopment. This discussion centers on Manuel María’s use of his poetry to mobilize popular-democratic politics in the 1970s and takes as its point of departure the contrasting contents found in two important anthologies with deceptively similar titles: J. M. Castellet’s culturalist Nueve novísimos poetas españoles (1970) and María Victoria Moreno Márquez’s politically inflected Os novísimos da poesía galega (1973), which vindicates agrarian communities and vernacular expression.
Education shake-up will allow teachers more time to teach
Authors: Nash Sally
Published: November 2014

With the resignation of Estelle Morris, what will happen to the plans for increasing teachers' working conditions? Journalist Sally Nash, a former teacher, explores this issue.
It's game, sets and Harry Potter
Authors: Leaming Liz
Published: November 2014

Using Harry Potter's Quidditch to develop writing instructions and rules. Liz Leaming is a key stage 1 teacher from Nailsea, north Somerset.
The smell of baking bread
Authors: Startup Julie
Published: November 2014

Investigating chemical and physical changes and mixing materials through baking experiments. By Julie Startup, a key stage 2 teacher from Alton, Hampshire.
How to become a better sport
Authors: Andrews Crispin
Published: November 2014

Teaching the skills common to all invasion games and team sports. By Crispin Andrews, a primary teacher, qualified sports coach and freelance writer from Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Weighing up the assessment revolution
Authors: Twist Liz
Published: November 2014

You could be forgiven for feeling a little dizzy with all the recent changes to assessment policy and practice, not least the removal of levels. The NFER's Liz Twist gives us a useful summary of the changes to date and offers her advice on handling the new assessment regime
A new approach to keeping your teachers
Authors: Wheatley Chris , Lane Candleby , CE Kibworth
Published: November 2014

A new approach to coaching and mentoring, including assigning Career Champions for every NQT, could provide the answer to the growing challenge of teachers leaving the profession. Executive headteacher Chris Wheatley explains
Proximate composition, mineral and phytochemical constituents of Eleusine coracana (finger millet)
Authors: Bwai Macham , Afolayan Michael , Odukomaiya Doyinsola , Abayomi Orishadipe
Published: November 2014

The proximate composition, mineral and phytochemical constituents of Eleusine coracana (finger millets) was evaluated with the aim of providing data that will guide the effective utilization of it under exploited seed in food application. The proximate composition revealed the presence of moisture (6.99%), ash (2.37%), crude protein (10.28%), crude fibre (3.10%), crude lipid (0.83%) and carbohydrate (76.43%). The mineral composition revealed potassium (14.19 mg/g), sodium (6.86 mg/g), copper (0.10 mg/g), calcium (1.13 mg/g), magnesium (6.25 mg/g), zinc (0.22 mg/g), manganese (0.32 mg/g), Iron (0.11 mg/g), lead (0.001 mg/g) and Na/K 0.48. The phytochemical constituents present were tannins, steroids, phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and balsams. These results revealed that the seeds of Eleusine coracana (finger millet) contained essential nutrients which compete favourably well with those of other seeds in literature and it is suitable for health benefits and for use in herbal medicine to combat different diseases. Keywords: Eleusine Coracana, Finger Millet, Mineral Composition, Phytochemical, Proximate, Seed.
Exploring downsizing: a case study of airline company of Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Shahbaz , Nayyab Hafiza , Fareed Zeeshan , Ahmad Haseeb , Shahzad Farrukh
Published: November 2014

Pakistan is facing economic downfall for the past few years and this has created adverse impact on all government and private organizations. Due to economic downfall organizations are reducing number of employees to decrease their costs by using downsizing. This study investigated the consequences of downsizing on survivor employees in a leading airline company of Pakistan. Case study technique has been used and data has been collected through un-structured interviews from 12 employees. NVivo 10 software has been applied for in-depth qualitative analysis. Different techniques have been used for the validation of different themes of the study including graphs, word tag clouds, word tree map and tree map. The findings depicted 14 more or less critical consequences of downsizing on survivor employees. More critical consequences are perceptions about work, internal feelings, internal motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, career development, employee performance, feelings of job insecurity, thinking for better opportunity and stress. Less critical consequences are increase in workload, fear of job loss, bad health and thinking to switch. These consequences of downsizing can be divided into two major categories such as effects on attitudes and effects on behaviors. It is concluded that employees with less experience are more inversely affected by downsizing. Downsizing has negatively affected attitudes and behaviors of survivor employees in leading Airline Company of Pakistan but impact on attitudes is higher than on behaviors. Keywords: Attitudes, Behaviors, Downsizing, Survivors, NVivo.
A nonlinear physics model based on extended synergetics for the flow of infant actions during infant-mother face-to-face communications
Authors: Frank Till
Published: November 2014

The temporal ordering or flow of infant actions in the context of infant-mother face-to-face communications is discussed from a nonlinear physics perspective. The actions are considered as spatio-temporal patterns that emerge due to self-organization. The presence of a particular action is described in terms of a finite amplitude of the respective pattern. In line with benchmark models from synergetic sand population dynamics, nonlinear amplitude equations that determine the evolution of the infant actions are defined. The model is extended to take self-inhibition and forgetting into account. More precisely, it is shown that the flow of infant actions during infant-mother communications can be explained by assuming that the infant behavior inhibits itself such that after a certain period of time the performed behavior becomes unstable and a transition towards a new behavior occurs. The proposed model is applied to literature data about Three minute periods of infant-mother face-to-face communications. Since the model parameters determine the characteristic properties of the flow of infant actions, the conclusion is drawn that changes of the flow characteristics observed on the behavioral level during infant development correspond to changes of parameters on the neurobiological level that happen on the relative slow time scale of infant maturation Keywords: Use about five key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
The Persian translation of the tridoṣa: lexical analogies and conceptual incongruities
Authors: Speziale Fabrizio
Published: November 2014

This article examines the way in which Ayurvedic theory of the tridoṣa is translated and interpreted in Persian treatises on Indian medicine such as the Dastūr al-aṭibbā' of the historian Muḥammad Qāsim Firišta (born ca. 978/1570) and the Takmila-yi hindī of Šāh Ahl Allāh (d. 1190/1776), the brother of the theologian of Delhi, Šāh Walī Allāh. The epistemic approach of Indian Muslim authors, based on the conceptual categories of the Greco-Arabic scientific thought, do not aim to extend the existing Persian technical lexicon. Muslim authors describe and comment upon the fundamental concepts of the Ayurvedic physiological doctrine by using few Sanskrit technical terms. The concept of doṣa is rendered through the Arabic term ḫilṭ (humour) and the three substances of the tridoṣa are reduced to the analogous categories of the Greco-Arabic school. This is only apparently a congruous and compatible translation between these two lexica. The translation of the humoral notions by using homologous terms is a delicate hermeneutical action that leads to redefining the conceptual value of some of the terms and the categories involved in the translation.
Iota und Lambda, Sprache und Theorie. Antworten auf Einwände von Sebastian Paasch
Authors: Morscher Edgar
Published: November 2014

This is a reply to objections put forward in the last issue of Conceptus by Sebastian Paasch against my reconstruction of Anselm’s argument in Proslogion II. Paasch’s objections did not result in a correction of my reconstruction; nevertheless, they helped me in improving substantially my arguments in favour of this reconstruction.
Hamblins zweites Fragen-Postulat aus inferentialistischer Sicht
Authors: Kügler Peter
Published: November 2014

C. L. Hamblin’s second postulate on questions says that ” knowing what counts as an answer is equivalent to knowing the question.“ This assumption has often been adopted by others, yet it is still in need of interpretation. After presenting Hamblin’s postulate in the context of his essay from 1958, and placing it into the context of the two other postulates advocated there, this paper discusses two early suggestions by C. F. Presley as well as the ” set-of-answers methodology“ in formal approaches to the theory of questions. It then develops a pragmatic view based on an inferentialist semantics (Dummett, Brandom), assuming that the propositional content of questions can be identified with their presuppositions. At the end, Hamblin’s postulate survives in a significantly modified form; it only applies to the propositional content of questions, and understanding a question turns out to be a matter of degree.
Weltanschauungsanalyse und Abduktion
Authors: Radler Jan
Published: November 2014

Ernst Topitsch’s analysis of world views is presented. His explanatory model consists of an elaborated projection-reflection-scheme. It is argued that the projection is an abductive inference. As a consequence Topitsch’s analysis of world views can be linked to recent developments in the philosophy of science. Finally the question is considered whether the projection can be interpreted as an inference to the best explanation. This is denied because an inference to the best explanation roots in a scientific context, whereas Topitsch’s (abductive) projection obviously does not.
Zur Theorie wissenschaftlicher Zeugenaussagen: Neuraths Protokollsatztheorie in neuer Betrachtung
Authors: Uebel Thomas
Published: November 2014

This paper offers a revision of the author’s previous interpretation of Neurath’s proposal for the form and content of so-called protocol sentences (first given in this journal). Now the ambition to give necessary and sufficient conditions for Neurath’s explicandum is replaced by that to provide a characterisation of central cases. Moreover, Neurath’s proposal is cast in the form of an incipient theory of scientific testimony about observations. In light of the new analysis this paper then links Neurath’s proposal to current debates about the viability of Sellars’ anti-foundationalism and compares testimony and the justification of perceptual knowledge in science and everyday life.
Kitcher and Frege on A Priori Knowledge
Authors: Pfisterer Christoph C.
Published: November 2014

In his book The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge and in a series of articles, Philip Kitcher attacks the traditional conception of a priori mathematical knowledge. The reliabilism he develops as an alternative situates all our knowledge within a psychological framework. However, in Frege’s Epistemology he claims that Frege’s conception of a priori knowledge is compatible with a psychological account. Kitcher attributes to Frege a traditional concept of proof, according to which mathematical and logical proofs are psychological activities. I shall argue that Kitcher’s interpretation conflicts with Frege’s anti-psychologistic injunction against confusing reasons with causes. Moreover, the psychological explanation obscures one of the most interesting features of a priori knowledge.
Unity in the Concept of Function
Authors: Steiner Christian
Published: November 2014

This essay argues that neither the etiological nor the dispositional account of functions conforms to the actual practice by which functions are ascribed in biology. Philip Kitcher’s account, which unifies what is common to both accounts, is assessed against what biologists are actually doing when they ascribe functions. Two problems of Kitcher’s account are identified: it is too liberal and it tends to circularity, insofar as it presupposes teleological notions. Finally, an alternative account of functions is provided by characterizing the system of sentences that report natural history.
What Is Kitcher’s Real Realist Really a Realist about?
Authors: Egg Matthias
Published: November 2014

I review Philip Kitcher’s defence of scientific realism against the so-called pessimistic induction. While supporting his overall strategy, I claim that there is a lacuna in Kitcher’s argument, which needs to be filled by spelling out more precisely what parts of scientific theories we should be realists about. I attempt to do this and to show that scientific realism can thereby not only be protected against the pessimistic induction but also against a recent argument by Kyle Stanford, known as the “new induction”.
200 Jahre Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: Zum Begriff des Eigentums
Authors: Senft Gerhard
Published: November 2014

Contrary to what is usually believed, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) was not opposed to ownership as such. He believed that to grant people to be “owners” even up to a different degree could have beneficiary effects for the whole of society. This article raises questions about the basis of the conceptual distinction that allowed him to express a negative attitude towards “property” while regarding as positive the social, legal, and economical relationship called “ownership”. In the course of answering these questions I will address Proudhon’s view of what can and cannot explain grave income differences, which ultimately lead him to a criticism of the Contractualist’s picture on which the justification of having authority and power about land and people rests. This will make more intelligible Proudhon’s talk of “the impossibility of property” and is supposed to show that the one very phrase for which Proudhon is famous does not express a self contradictory view. In closing I will also address questions about the dependency of Proudhon’s criticism on particular economical situation of France in the 19th century.
Einfachheit und Wahrscheinlichkeit: Swinburnes c-induktive Argumente für die Existenz Gottes
Authors: Gab Sebastian
Published: November 2014

This paper deals with the structure of the so-called c-inductive arguments in Richard Swinburne’s book The Existence of God and attempts to criticize their central concepts and assumptions. One of these concepts is simplicity: it is argued that Swinburne’s concept of simplicity is not unambiguous and that there is no reason to assume a positive correspondence between simplicity and probability. Furthermore, the theistic hypothesis cannot be said to be simple in any sense relevant to Swinburne. The second important concept is explanatory power. It is argued that the method of determining a theory’s probability by means of its explanatory power cannot be applied to the case of theism. Finally, polytheism is considered and it is argued that according to his own principles Swinburne has actually no sufficient reason to prefer monotheism.
On phonological variations in Kafrelsheikh Egyptian Arabic
Authors: Al-Ghalban Laila Abdel-Aal
Published: November 2014

This study attempts a close investigation of areal variation in the major phonological features of the Egyptian Arabic spoken in the agrarian northern region of Kafrelsheikh (KEA): their contexts and patterns. Targeting old, rural speech, a survey of all the localities is conducted through recordings of natural speech and a questionnaire. The instrumentally investigated phonological variables in KEA include major allophonic variants, and some typical instances of assimilation, dissimilation, metathesis, sound addition and sound deletion. Most instances of variation in the present data prove to be linguistically conditioned. Analysis shows that the differences between the dialect areas do not involve all the previous variants. KEA roughly seems to have five speech areas, with each enjoying intra-variation and comprising many relic features. Finally, the findings are interpreted with reference to the phonological system of (Egyptian) Arabic as a whole and various models of language variation patterning.
Functional limit theorems for high-level subcritical branching processes in random environment
Authors: Afanasyev Valeriy I.
Published: November 2014

The paper is concerned with subcritical branching process in random environment. It is assumed that the moment-generating function of steps of the associated random walk is equal to 1 for some positive value of the argument. Functional limit theorems for sizes of various generations and passage times to various levels are put forward.
A Tale of Five Bridges; the use of GNSS for Monitoring the Deflections of Bridges
Authors: Roberts Gethin Wyn , Brown Christopher J. , Tang Xu , Meng Xiaolin , Ogundipe Oluropo
Published: November 2014

The first Bridge Monitoring surveying was carried out in 1996 by the authors, through attaching Ashtech ZXII GPS receivers onto the Humber Bridge’ parapet, and gathering and further analysing the resulting 1 Hz RTK GPS data. Various surveys have subsequently been conducted on the Humber Bridge, the Millennium Bridge, the Forth Road Bridge, the Severn Suspension Bridge and the Avonmouth Viaduct. These were all carried out using survey grade carrier phase/pseudorange GPS and later GNSS receivers. These receivers were primarily dual frequency receivers, but the work has also investigated the use of single frequency receivers, gathering data at 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz and even 100 Hz. Various aspects of the research conducted are reported here, as well as the historical approach. Conclusions are shown in the paper, as well as lessons learnt during the development of this work. The results are compared to various models that exist of the bridges’ movements, and compare well. The results also illustrate that calculating the frequencies of the movements, as well as looking at the magnitudes of the movements, is an important aspect of this work. It is also shown that in instances where the magnitudes of the movements of the bridge under investigation are small, it is still possible to derive very accurate frequencies of the movements, in comparison to the existing models.
Effects of Imagery on Effort Perception and Cycling Endurance
Authors: Razon Selen , Mandler Kyle , Arsal Guler , Tokac Umit , Tenenbaum Gershon
Published: November 2014

The effect of associative and dissociative imagery was tested on a range of psychological-, physiological-, and performance-related variables during a progressive cycling task using a quantitative approach. Participants (n = 45) were randomly assigned to dissociative imagery, associative imagery, and no imagery conditions and performed a progressive cycling task at 10% above anaerobic threshold up to the point of volitional fatigue. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE), attention focus, and heart rate were monitored and assessed at 1-min intervals. Lactic acid (LA) accumulation was recorded at RPE = 5 (i.e. “strong effort”) and at the point of volitional fatigue. A series of repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that relative to their counterparts who were not using imagery, participants who used imagery accumulated higher levels of LA in blood. Despite some of the non-significant results, present effect sizes seemed to indicate that dissociative imagery may help decrease perception of effort, and associative imagery may help increase time on task.
Race Tracking and Related Issues in Liquid Composite Moulding Process
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Shukla Mukul
Published: November 2014

Race tracking is movement of the resin along the sides, inside the mould in between the gaps of the preform and the mould; it is also the path of least friction in the flow. The issues related to design of the infusion set up to minimize the race tracking and methods of avoiding the race tracking during the infusion are highlighted in the paper. Presence of race tracking in a two-dimensional (2-D) radial infusion schemes, and the average increase in the thickness of the preform due to race tracking is evaluated here with different infusion strategy. Setups having the same material properties, and mould size are used for better comparison. The setup dimensional aspect for race tracking free infusion is also highlighted in the paper. Further numerical simulation of three different infusion strategies in the radial two-dimensional infusions is carried out to closely understand race tracking and its implications.
Beurteilung des Feuchteverhaltens von Natursteinfassaden durch Kombination von rechnerischen und experimentellen Untersuchungsmethoden
Authors: Künzel Hartwig M. , Krus Martin
Published: November 2014

Das Feuchteverhalten von bewitterten Natursteinbauteilen hat einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf deren Verwitterungsresistenz und die Wirkung von Schutzmittelbehandlungen. Da die genaue Erfassung der sich zeitlich verändernden Feuchteverteilungen am Objekt praktisch unmöglich ist, werden eine rechnerische und eine experimentelle Untersuchungsmethode vorgestellt, die Objektmessungen so weit wie möglich ersetzen und darüber hinaus die Auswirkungen von geplanten Sanierungsmaßnahmen abschätzen sollen. Die Berechnungen, die auf mehrfach experimentell verifizierten Wärme- und Feuchtetransportansätzen basieren, erfordern die Bestimmung oder Abschätzung der wesentlichen hygr other mischen Stoffkennwerte der betrachteten Baustoffe. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen erfolgen durch regelmäßige Feuchteprofil- und Temper aturmessungen an ausgewählten Prüfkörpern, die auf der einen Seite der freien Bewitterung und auf der anderen Seite entsprechend angepaßten Raumklimabedingungen ausgesetzt sind. Der Ergebnisvergleich beider Untersuchungsmethoden anhand des Beispiels einer Natursteinfassade zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung und läßt daher die Schlußfolgerungen zu, da/3 durch eine Kombination dieser Methoden die Möglichkeit einer hinreichend genauen Beurteilung des Feuchteverhaltens und der Wirkung von Schutzmittelbehandlungen gegeben ist.
Zur relativen Chronologie der Lengyel-Kultur im westlichen Karpatenbecken
Authors: Zalai-Gaál István , Osztás Anett , Somogyi Krisztina
Published: November 2014

The authors analyse the chronological issues of the Late Neolithic — Early Copper age at the Western part of the Carpathian Basin. The primary aim of this study is to determine the relative chronological position of Lengyel Culture graves excavated at site Alsónyék-Bátaszék, as well as to present the various ceramics types. These investigations are considered to be a preliminary study for a Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates, through which the absolute chronological status of the Lengyel cemetery at Alsónyék will be possible to learn in the near future.
Neues zur Urbanistik der Zivilstädte von Aquincum-Budapest und Carnuntum-Petronell
Authors: Groh Stefan , Láng Orsolya , Sedlmayer Helga , Zsidi Paula
Published: November 2014

In this paper the new results of an Austrian-Hungarian research cooperation (2011–2014) on the urbanism of the Civil towns of Aquincum and Carnuntum are to be presented. In synthesis of geophysical surveys, the interpretation of archaeological excavations and the reinterpretation of elder evidences, a new picture of the diachronic development of the two Civil Towns from an earlyvicusto a fortified city can be drawn.
A Roman sarcophagus from Tatabánya
Authors: Kovács Péter , Petényi Sándor
Published: November 2014

In this paper the authors publish a new sarcophagus from Tatabánya found in 1989. The funerary inscription was erected to a tesserarius who served in the legio I adiutrix in Brigetio and other living members of the family by his half-brother. Based on the names the stemma of the family can be restored. The tesserarius was depicted on the frontal side with the hastile of the optiones in his hand. Based on the text, the palaeography and the rich decorated sarcophagus, it can be dated to the 2nd half of the 3rd century and it was made in a local workshop in Brigetio.
Non-destructive Characteristics of Ultrasonic Waves in 1018 Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Kien Do Trung , Nhung Pham Thi Tuyet , Thanh Pham Van
Published: November 2014

In this paper, the dependences of the velocities and the absorption coefficients of ultrasonic waves transmitted in 1018 low carbon steel on temperature ranging from 0\(^{\circ}\)C to 50\(^{\circ}\)C were investigated. It was shown that the velocities of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and ultrasonic shear wave were decreased when the temperature increased. The transportation of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave and ultrasonic shear wave depends on temperature and its coefficient in a temperature range of (0 - 50 \(^{\circ}\)C) was estimated about 0.8 m/s.\(^{\circ}\)C and 0.44~m/s.\(^{\circ}\)C, respectively. These obtained results are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, the absorption coefficients of the ultrasonic longitudinal wave were also studied.
Post-Translational Modifications of Nuclear Receptors and Human Disease
Authors: Anbalagan Muralidharan , Huderson Brandy , Murphy Leigh , Rowan Brian G.
Published: November 2014

Nuclear receptors (NR) impact a myriad of physiological processes including homeostasis, reproduction, development, and metabolism. NRs are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTM) that markedly impact receptor function. Recent studies have identified NR PTMs that are involved in the onset and progression of human diseases, including cancer. The majority of evidence linking NR PTMs with disease has been demonstrated for phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARΓ). Phosphorylation of AR has been associated with hormone refractory prostate cancer and decreased disease-specific survival. AR acetylation and sumoylation increased growth of prostate cancer tumor models. AR phosphorylation reduced the toxicity of the expanded polyglutamine AR in Kennedy's Disease as a consequence of reduced ligand binding. A comprehensive evaluation of ERα phosphorylation in breast cancer revealed several sites associated with better clinical outcome to tamoxifen therapy, whereas other phosphorylation sites were associated with poorer clinical outcome. ERα acetylation and sumoylation may also have predictive value for breast cancer. GR phosphorylation and acetylation impact GR responsiveness to glucocorticoids that are used as anti-inflammatory drugs. PPARγ phosphorylation can regulate the balance between growth and differentiation in adipose tissue that is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Sumoylation of PPARγ is linked to repression of inflammatory genes important in patients with inflammatory diseases. NR PTMs provide an additional measure of NR function that can be used as both biomarkers of disease progression, and predictive markers for patient response to NR-directed treatments.
Molecular Mechanism for Hypertensive Renal Disease
Authors: Zhang Kuixing , Mir Saiful A. , Hightower C. Makena , Miramontes-Gonzalez Jose Pablo , Maihofer Adam X. , Chen Yuqing , Mahata Sushil K. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Schork Nicholas J. , Freedman Barry I. , Vaingankar Sucheta M. , O'Connor Daniel T.
Published: November 2014

Chromogranin A (CHGA) is coreleased with catecholamines from secretory vesicles in adrenal medulla and sympathetic axons. Genetic variation in the CHGA 3′-region has been associated with autonomic control of circulation, hypertension, and hypertensive nephropathy, and the CHGA 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) variant C+87T (rs7610) displayed peak associations with these traits in humans. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. C+87T occurred in a microRNA-107 (miR-107) motif (match: T>C), and CHGA mRNA expression varied inversely with miR-107 abundance. In cells transfected with chimeric luciferase/CHGA 3′-UTR reporters encoding either the T allele or the C allele, changes in miR-107 expression levels had much greater effects on expression of the T allele. Cotransfection experiments with hsa-miR-107 oligonucleotides and eukaryotic CHGA plasmids produced similar results. Notably, an in vitro CHGA transcription/translation experiment revealed that changes in hsa-miR-107 expression altered expression of the T allele variant only. Mice with targeted ablation of Chga exhibited greater eGFR. Using BAC transgenesis, we created a mouse model with a humanized CHGA locus (T/T genotype at C+87T), in which treatment with a hsa-miR-107 inhibitor yielded prolonged falls in SBP/DBP compared with wild-type mice. We conclude that the CHGA 3′-UTR C+87T disrupts an miR-107 motif, with differential effects on CHGA expression, and that a cis:trans (mRNA:miR) interaction regulates the association of CHGA with BP and hypertensive nephropathy. These results indicate new strategies for probing autonomic circulatory control and ultimately, susceptibility to hypertensive renal sequelae.
Characterizing avian survival along a rural‐to‐urban land use gradient
Authors: Evans Brian S. , Ryder Thomas B. , Reitsma Robert , Hurlbert Allen H. , Marra Peter P.
Published: November 2014

Many avian species persist in human‐dominated landscapes; however, little is known about the demographic consequences of urbanization in these populations. Given that urban habitats introduce novel benefits (e.g., anthropogenic resources) and pressures (e.g., mortality risks), conflicting mechanisms have been hypothesized to drive the dynamics of urban bird populations. Top‐down processes such as predation predict reduced survivorship in suburban and urban habitats, whereas bottom‐up processes, such as increased resource availability, predict peak survival in suburban habitats. In this study, we use mark–recapture data of seven focal species encountered between 2000 and 2012 to test hypotheses about the processes that regulate avian survival along an urbanization gradient in greater Washington, D.C., USA. American Robin, Gray Catbird, Northern Cardinal, and Song Sparrow exhibited peak survival at intermediate and upper portions of the rural‐to‐urban gradient; this pattern supports the hypothesis that bottom‐up processes (e.g., resource availability) can drive patterns of avian survival in some species. In contrast, Carolina Chickadee showed no response and Carolina and House Wren showed a slightly negative response to urban land cover. These contrasting results underscore the need for comparative studies documenting the mechanisms that drive demography and how those factors differentially affect urban adapted and urban avoiding species.
Evaluating connectivity for tropical amphibians using empirically derived resistance surfaces
Authors: Nowakowski A. Justin , Veiman-Echeverria Marylin , Kurz David J. , Donnelly Maureen A.
Published: November 2014

Agricultural expansion continues to drive forest loss in species‐rich tropical systems and often disrupts movement and distributions of organisms. The ability of species to occupy and move through altered habitats likely depends on the level of contrast between natural forest and surrounding land uses. Connectivity models, such as circuit theory models, are widely used in conservation biology, and their primary input consists of resistance surfaces representing movement costs associated with landscape features. Cost values are most frequently determined by expert opinion, which may not capture relevant levels of contrast among features. We developed resistance surfaces using experiments that represent different local mechanisms hypothesized to affect connectivity for two Neotropical amphibian species. Response ratios were calculated to translate experimental results to cost values used in connectivity modeling. We used relative abundance data in three land‐cover types to generate resistance surfaces for evaluating independent support of models derived from experiments. Finally, we analyzed agreement among movement pathways predicted for each species and among three commonly used connectivity measures: Euclidean, least cost, and resistance distances. Experiments showed that extreme microclimates associated with altered habitats significantly increased desiccation and mortality risk for both species. Resistances estimated from microclimate experiments were concordant with those from survey data for both species. For one focal species, resistance estimates derived from predator encounter rates were also highly correlated with abundance‐derived resistances. There was generally low agreement among the three alternative distance measures, which underscores the importance of choosing connectivity models that are most appropriate for the study objectives. Overall, similarity among linkages modeled for each species was high, but decreased with declining forest cover. Our results highlight the value of experiments for drawing inferences about processes in resistance modeling, as well as the need to consider model differences and species‐specific responses when developing strategies to maintain connectivity.
Enhancing the Quality of Prevention Research Supported by the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Murray David M. , Cross Wilma Peterman , Simons-Morton Denise , Engel Jody , Portnoy Barry , Wu Jessica , Watson Paris A. , Olkkola Susanne
Published: November 2014

As the nation’s premier biomedical research agency, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has supported most of the research that underlies the prevention services that are provided to citizens in the United States and around the world.

Within the NIH, the Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) has as its mission to improve the public health by increasing the scope, quality, dissemination, and effect of prevention research supported by the NIH. In today’s environment, the ODP needs to focus its efforts to address this mission. To do so, the ODP has developed a strategic plan for 2014 to 2018.

We provide background on the ODP and key points from the strategic plan.
The Collateral Damage of Mass Incarceration: Risk of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Nonincarcerated Residents of High-Incarceration Neighborhoods
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Mark L. , Keyes Katherine , Hamilton Ava , Uddin Monica , Galea Sandro
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We examined whether residence in neighborhoods with high levels of incarceration is associated with psychiatric morbidity among nonincarcerated community members.

Methods. We linked zip code–linked information on neighborhood prison admissions rates to individual-level data on mental health from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (2008–2012), a prospective probability sample of predominantly Black individuals.

Results. Controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level risk factors, individuals living in neighborhoods with high prison admission rates were more likely to meet criteria for a current (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 5.5) and lifetime (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.4, 4.6) major depressive disorder across the 3 waves of follow-up as well as current (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0, 4.2) and lifetime (OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.2, 4.5) generalized anxiety disorder than were individuals living in neighborhoods with low prison admission rates. These relationships between neighborhood-level incarceration and mental health were comparable for individuals with and without a personal history of incarceration.

Conclusions. Incarceration may exert collateral damage on the mental health of individuals living in high-incarceration neighborhoods, suggesting that the public mental health impact of mass incarceration extends beyond those who are incarcerated.
Asian American Problem Drinking Trajectories During the Transition to Adulthood: Ethnic Drinking Cultures and Neighborhood Contexts
Authors: Cook Won Kim , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J. , Bond Jason , Lui Camillia
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We aimed to identify problem drinking trajectories and their predictors among Asian Americans transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. We considered cultural and socioeconomic contextual factors, specifically ethnic drinking cultures, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and neighborhood coethnic density, to identify subgroups at high risk for developing problematic drinking trajectories.

Methods. We used a sample of 1333 Asian Americans from 4 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994–2008) in growth mixture models to identify trajectory classes of frequent heavy episodic drinking and drunkenness. We fitted multinomial logistic regression models to identify predictors of trajectory class membership.

Results. Two dimensions of ethnic drinking culture—drinking prevalence and detrimental drinking pattern in the country of origin—were predictive of problematic heavy episodic drinking and drunkenness trajectories. Higher neighborhood socioeconomic status in adolescence was predictive of the trajectory class indicating increasing frequency of drunkenness. Neighborhood coethnic density was not predictive of trajectory class membership.

Conclusions. Drinking cultures in the country of origin may have enduring effects on drinking among Asian Americans. Further research on ethnic drinking cultures in the United States is warranted for prevention and intervention.