bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير استبدال كسبة فول الصويا بكسبة السمسم كمصدر بروتيني وإضافة انزيم الفايتيز إلى العليقة في الأداء الإنتاجي وبعض مؤشرات الدم الفسلجية لطائر السمان في مرحلة النمو
Authors: يونس دريد ذنون , الصوفي خالد هادي مصطفى
Published: October 2021

أجريت هذه الدراسة في حقل الطيور الداجنة التابع لقسم الإنتاج الحيواني/ كلية الزراعة والغابات/ جامعة الموصل. هدفت التجربة لدراسة تأثير استبدال كسبة فول الصويا بكسبة السمسم كمصدر بروتيني وإضافة انزيم الفايتيز إلى العليقة في الأداء الإنتاجي وبعض مؤشرات الدم الفسلجية لطائر السمان في مرحلة النمو، أُستخدم فيها 500 طائر سمان بعمر أسبوع واحد غير مجنسة وزعت عشوائياً على عشرة معاملات، كل معاملة خمسة مكررات، وبواقع (10) طيور لكل مكرر، استمرت التجربة لمدة خمسة اسابيع أي لغاية عمر 42 يوم، غُذيت خلال هذه الفترة على خمسة علائق أساسية وبنسب استبدال (صفر، 25، 50، 75 و100)% بدون أو مع إضافة أنزيم الفايتيز بنسبة 300 وحدة فايتيز/ كغم علف. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود تأثير معنوي لاستبدال كسبة السمسم بالنسب التي وصلت إلى (75%) بدون أو مع إضافة الفايتيز في وزن الجسم النهائي والزيادة الوزنية مقارنةً بالسيطرة السالبة (صفر% كسبة السمسم بدون فايتيز). كما لوحظ وجود تحسن معنوي بمستوى (P≤0.05) في معامل التحويل الغذائي لمعاملتي الاستبدال (50 و75% كسبة السمسم بدون فايتيز) مقارنةً بالسيطرة السالبة وتحسن معنوي لمعاملات الاستبدال (25، 50 و75% كسبة السمسم مع إضافة الفايتيز) مقارنةً بالسيطرتين السالبة والموجبة. ووجود تحسن معنوي في الدليل الإنتاجي لصالح معاملتي الاستبدال (50 و75% كسبة السمسم مع إضافة الفايتيز) مقارنةً بالسيطرة السالبة فقط. كما بينت النتائج وجود تدهور معنوي بمستوى (P≤0.05) عند استبدال كسبة السمسم بدلاً عن كسبة فول الصويا بنسبة (100%) بدون أو مع إضافة الفايتيز في وزن الجسم النهائي، الزيادة الوزنية الكلية، سرعة النمو النسبي الكلية، الدليل الإنتاجي وكذلك انخفاض في نسبة دهن البطن مقارنةً بالسيطرتين السالبة والموجبة وانخفاض في نسبة خلايا الدم المرصوصة بالمقارنة مع السيطرة السالبة فقط. وسجلت معاملة الاستبدال (100% كسبة السمسم بدون فايتيز) ارتفاعاً معنوياً بمستوى (P≤0.05) في نسبة التصافي مقارنةً بالسيطرتين. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة إمكانية استبدال كسبة فول الصويا بكسبة السمسم بنسبة تصل لغاية 75% بدون أو مع إضافة انزيم الفايتيز إلى علائق طائر السمان في مرحلة النمو بدون حدوث أي تأثيرات سلبية على اأ)داء الإنتاجي.
الحوار العقدي: (أهميته، أنواعه، وضوابطه)
Authors: الطشلان شروق محمد
Published: October 2021

أصيب العالم الإسلامي بفتن كثيرة، من الغلو والتفسير الناقص للنصوص وتأويلها، فسهل على أقوام قذف المسلمين بالبدعة والكفر والجهل والشرك في مسائل خلافية ليست محلاً لهذه الأوصاف، بل ليست محلاً للتجهيل والتخطئة فيكف بالتكفير والتبديع؟، وإن الداء العضال الذي استشرى في زماننا، وأدى إلى ظهور كثير من التناقضات هو غياب سنة الحوار التي هي أهم المهمات، فإن قواعد الحوار والاختلاف وضوابطه هي العاصم بين المتحاورين من الوقوع في الغلو أو السب أو عدم قبول الحق، وفي هذا البحث بيان وتعريف للحوار وأهميته وبيان أنواعه وأسلوبه وضوابطه والذي نخلص من خلاله إلى أنّ: 1- الحوار منهج رباني من المفاهيم الراقية الأكثر تعاملاً كما جاء في القرآن الكريم، 2- كما أن الحوار من أنفع الوسائل التي يتوصل بها إلى الحق، 3- الالتزام بضوابط الحوار هو أقصر الطرق للوصول إلى الغاية المنشودة من الحوار وتحقيق النتائج المطلوبة، 4- حوار القرآن للمشركين والكفار والمنافقين كل حسب حاله ومعتقدته فيحاور المشرك حوار هداية والمنافقين حوار شدة وتعنيف وتهديد والكفار حوار تحدٍّ وتخويف.
ظاهرة التنمر بين الماضي والحاضر في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: عثمان آل شهد أمل بنت عبد الله بن
Published: October 2021

هدف البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على التنمر الذي تعرض له الأنبياء عليهم السلام في أقسى صوره وأنواعه، وكيفية مقابلة الأنبياء للمتنمرين وصبرهم عليهم في سبيل دعواتهم، واستخدمت في بحثي المنهج التحليلي الاستقرائي، حيث قمت بشرح وتحليل ظاهرة التنمر من خلال الآيات القرآنية وبينت فيها كيفية تنمر الأقوام على أنبيائهم. وكان من أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها أن للتنمر آثاراً سالبة وخطيرة على الضحية كالآثار العاطفية والاجتماعية وغيرها مما ينعكس على سائر البشر. لكن لم تتحقق هذه الآثار أو تنعكس على الأنبياء لأن الله تعالى اصطفاهم لمهام النبوة والرسالة، وميزهم على غيرهم بأعظم الصفات التي جعلت منهم أولى عزم؛ فكانوا أولي العزم لتحليهم بالعزم والجد، والقوة والصبر.
Exploring urban paradigms tackling COVID-19 in blogs communities: The case of SDG 11
Authors: Hisham G. Abusaada, Abeer M. Elshater Hisham G. Abusaada, Abeer M. Elshater
Published: October 2021

This article provides a systematic and critical review of urban paradigms that incorporate economic and cultural diversity, information technology, and competitiveness considering the SDG 11. It explores the possibility of discussing future research using sets of research topics and words of coexistence predefined in urban planning and design literature. This work uses a deductive approach, content analysis and systematic and critical review to highlight the social challenges that address social distancing strategy reflected in SDG 11. The authors systematically focused on blogs published online in 2020, specifically in urban studies, social sciences, planning theory, and public health. They tested their reliability against articles included in the Scimago rank. The findings provide a toolkit with social and behavioural settings, mobility, infrastructure, and urbanization in the post-pandemic era. This study recommended a review of the importance of taking blogs that discuss new urban intellectual models to confront the Coronavirus when developing sustainable cities and societies according to SDG11, after ensuring their reliability.
الجانب الرُّوحي وأثره في تعزيز الصحة النفسية لمرضى جائحة كورونا: دراسة في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: موسى آمنة حامد
Published: October 2021

هدف البحث إلى تناول الجانب الرُّوحي وأثره في تعزيز الصحة النَّفسية لمرضى جائحة كورونا دراسة في ضوء القرآن الكريم، وتمثلت مشكلته في السؤال التالي: ما أثر الجانب الرُّوحي في تعزيز الصحة النفسية لمرضى جائحة كورونا في ضوء القرآن الكريم؟ ويستقي البحث أهميته من أنَّه يناقش موضوعًا من الموضوعات المهمة التي تتعلق بالجانب الرُّوحي المستلهم من الهدي القرآني وتوظيفه لتحقيق الصحة النفسية؛ كما يفتح الآفاق للمختصين الشرعيين لاستنباط الأصول الشرعيَّة في مناحي الحياة جميعها من خلال البحث والاستقصاء في القرآن الكريم، ومن أهدافه التي سعى إلى تحقيقها: البحث إلى الكشف عن أهمية العناية بالجانب الرُّوحي بالنسبة لمرضى جائحة كورونا والتعرّف إلى مظاهر تعزيز الصحة النفسية لمرضى جائحة كورونا من خلال العناية بالجانب الرُّوحي في ضوء ما ورد في القرآن الكريم، واعتمد البحث على المنهج التاريخي كما استفادَ من المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في بعض قضاياه. ومن نتائج البحث التي توصل إليها: استفاد المسلم من خلال جائحة كورونا أن للابتلاء- بأنواعه المختلفة ومظاهره العديدة- دورًا عظيمًا في تربية النفوس، وتدريبها على تحمل المشاق، وتهيئتها لمواجهة أي ظرف طارىء أو محتمل، كما أن فيها تدريبًا للقوى العقلية والذهنية وتوجيهًا لها كي تسير على المنهج السوي الذي يحقق الغاية المرجوة منها، وأن في ذلك حماية لها من الزيغ والانحراف، وأنَّ من الآثار المترتبة على جائحة كورونا القلق الذي ينتاب المرضى وهو حالة نفسيّة مؤلمة تنتج عن شعور الإنسان بالعجز في مواقف الإحباط والصِّراع مع المرض. ومما يُستلهم من منهج القرآن الكريم في العلاج الرُّوحي والنفسي أن على الإنسان أن يتعوّد على الأخذ بالأسباب، والصّبر على البلاء، وعدم اليأس أو القنوط إذا حدثت عوائق تحول بينه وبين الشفاء.
Evaluation of patient satisfaction and the color difference between natural teeth and all-ceramic crowns fabricated from "Celtra press" treated with different surface finishing protocols. (Randomized controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Nourhan Sayed Saleh Ahmed, Mohamed Labib Zamzam, Maha Taymou Nourhan Sayed Saleh Ahmed, Mohamed Labib Zamzam, Maha Taymou
Published: October 2021

All studies agree that glazing can produce a smooth porcelain surface, but although the glaze is an important factor in esthetics, with respect to light reflection, it can frequently change the color value of the restorations, reflecting more light than the natural teeth, thus creating an artificial effect on these restorations. A number of more recent studies have suggested that a polished surface may be as acceptable as a glazed surface. Many ceramists prefer polishing instead of glazing to control the surface luster. Other studies have reported no significant differences between polished and glazed surfaces.Since studies addressing the effect of surface finishing protocols on the color of ZLS ceramics are rare, thus our study is important to investigate this issue. Methodology: 20 teeth esthetic zone requiring full - coverage crown -with their contralateral are sound and not severely discolored - were prepared to receive an all -ceramic crown. The crowns are divided into two groups: Group I: Teeth received crowns fabricated from glazed Celtra Press ceramic Group II: Teeth received crowns fabricated from polished Celtra Press. The color difference ΔE was measured using an intraoral spectrophotometer and evaluated for each group. Shade matching to the contralateral tooth was evaluated by 2 experienced prosthodontists according (USPHS) criteria. Patient satisfaction of the two groups assessed using the (VAS) scale which is Binary and documented in the chart. Results: Patient satisfaction was graded according to the (VAS) scale. There was no statistically significant difference between (Group I) and (Group II). The color change was recorded according to the (ΔE), the polished Celtra Press group recorded statistically non-significant higher color changes than the glazed Celtra Press group. shade matching was graded according to USPHS, where in Glazed Celtra Press group most of the patients stated Alpha score (80%) while minority showed Bravo score (20%). In the Polished Celtra Press group, all of the patients informed Bravo score100%. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this clinical study: Glazed and polished Celtra Press full coverage restorations revealed excellent patient satisfaction. Glazed celtra restorations have a clinically more acceptable shade matching.
Assertiveness and its relationship to excessive use of the internet among secondary school students: توكيد الذات وعلاقته بالإفراط في استخدام الإنترنت لدى طلاب وطالبات المرحلة الثانوية
Authors: Bashaiyr Abdullah Aljabr, Abdulaziz Mohammed Hussein Bashaiyr Abdullah Aljabr, Abdulaziz Mohammed Hussein
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to explore the relationship between self-assertion and the excessive use of the internet among secondary school students. It also intended to explore gender differences in self-assertion, the excessive use of the internet, and the preferred internet material. Participants were (500) secondary school students, (250 males and 250 females). Their ages of the sample ranged from 15 to 19 years. They were in the first semester of the academic year 1438-1439H. The descriptive method (correlational) was used in the study. Data were collected using the Self-assertion Scale developed by Ghareeb (1995), and the Internet Addiction Scale developed by Al-Qarni (2011). Results revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between self-assertiveness and the excessive use of the internet The degree of correlation with the Pearson coefficient was (828-). In addition, there were no gender differences found in the excessive use of the internet. The results also revealed significant gender differences in types of internet contents that attract the two sexes. Females were found to be more attracted to reading activities than were males. Conversely, males were more attracted to WhatsApp and other applications than were females. Finally, the study presented a number of recommendations and suggestions for further research.
مستقبل القيادة التعليمية في ضوء أبعاد إدارة الأزمات والكوارث
Authors: الوديان شارع بن عائض
Published: October 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة المسحية الوصفية إلى معالجة مشكلة الضعف الظاهر لدى غالبية القيادات المدرسية في إدارة الأزمات والكوارث، واستشراف سناريوهات المستقبل المتوقع لها. ولتحقيق ذلك صمم الباحث استبانة مكونة من (31) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة محاور في ضوء إدارة الأزمات: "واقع القيادة المدرسية"، "الأزمات الأكثر احتمالا"، "مستقبل القيادة المتوقع"، تم التحقق من صدقها بحساب معاملات الارتباط المعتبرة إحصائياً، وثباتها بطريقة الاختبار وإعادة الاختبار (test-retest) على عينة خارجية ومن ثم حساب معامل ارتباط بيرسون بين تقديراتهم في المرتين، وتم توزيعها على عينة الدراسة المكونة من (180) من قادة التعليم العام بمحافظة وادي الدواسر (منطقة الرياض) من مجتمع الدراسة البالغ عددهم (246) قائداً وقائدة ووكلاء ومساعدات. وكشفت الدراسة أن مستوى القادة في إدارة الأزمات في الواقع الحالي وفي استشراف الأزمات الأكثر احتمالاً كان ضعيفاً، بنما كان السيناريو المتوقع لمستقبل القيادة المدرسية في ضوء إدارة الأزمات والكوارث إيجابياً بقوة. مع وجود فروق دالة إحصائياً عند مستوى (α=0.05) تعود لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث في محور "الأزمات الأكثر احتمالا"، وفروق دالة إحصائياً تعود لمتغير الخبرة في القيادة في جميع المحاور لصالح "خمس سنوات فأكثر". وقد أوصى الباحث بضرورة تأكد إدارة التعليم من امتلاك قادة المدارس مهارات إدارة الأزمات والكوارث، وكذلك بضرورة تبنيها أحد النماذج المعاصرة في إدارة الأزمات، وأيضاً بضرورة إنشاء وحدة مفعلة ونشطة لإدارة الأزمات في المدارس.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment.
Authors: Manan Muhammad Romail , Manan Hamna
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a linear, dsDNA virus that is regarded as the prototype of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of viruses. It has an established endemic status in certain locations around the globe, and is also reported to be the most prevalently occurring congenital infection in humans. Furthermore, Cytomegalovirus is notorious for being a persistent lifelong pathogen that poses a threat of reactivation as well.
Discussion: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection causes numerous ophthalmologic, and neurologic sequelae, and is also known for being the principal reason behind sensorineural hearing loss of non-genetic etiology in neonates. These symptoms, if present, may give rise to a premonition of congenital Cytomegalovirus disease, and so, a diagnosis can be established  through serology, radiology, and  PCR of salivary, urinary, or dried blood spot samples. Timely administration of ganciclovir or valganciclovir has proven to be effective in managing symptomatic cases of congenital CMV.
Conclusion: A well-timed delivery of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is necessary to achieve healthy developmental outcomes for the neonate. Moreover, there is still  a need to study the role of antiviral therapy in silent cases since asymptomatic patients are at a risk of developing long-term clinical sequelae as well.
Relevance: An estimated 60-90% of women of child-bearing age get infected with Cytomegalovirus, and Congenital CMV disease is reported in 0.2-2.4% of all live births. Therefore, in order to develop effective screening and management protocols, it is vital to educate healthcare professionals regarding the various aspects of this congenital infection.
Cuestionamientos al modelo extractivista neoliberal desde el sur Capitalismo, territorios y resistencias
Authors: Alister Cristian , Cuadra Ximena , Vejar Dasten Julián , Pantel Blaise , Ponce Camila
Published: October 2021

Este libro se enmarca en la voluntad de alimentar un diálogo interdisciplinar entre múltiples esferas sociales, culturales y territoriales en relación al extractivismo, su estudio y vivencia. El libro se constituye en un instrumento que expresa un entrelazamiento entre actores, redes y realidades territoriales que dan forma a la riqueza y a la diversidad de los territorios amenazados actualmente por el extractivismo. Permitiendo una reflexión sobre el presente y el futuro del modelo de desarrollo actual, la presente publicación integra diversos tipos de textos y escritos para construir un material a la vez de información y de análisis, pero también como material de divulgación sobre las múltiples dimensiones y facetas del extractivismo en el sur. La idea consiste en poder hacer coexistir múltiples lenguajes y formas de interpretación de la realidad que den cuenta de los diversos sentidos de experiencia local frente al extractivismo.
Utilizing Hip Abduction Strength to Body-Weight Ratios in Return to Sport Decision-Making After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Higbie Steven , Kleihege Jacquelyn , Duncan Brian , Lowe Walter R. , Bailey Lane
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite the association between hip abduction weakness and non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, hip abduction strength is rarely considered in return to sport decision-making following ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported function, objective functional test performance, and re-injury rates in patients with high (≥33%) versus low (<33% ) isometric hip abduction strength to body weight (BW) ratios when returning to activity following ACLR.

Study Design

Cohort study

Methods

Data were gathered from a single-surgeon database and included baseline demographics. Clinical outcomes were assessed at the time of release to activity and included self-reported outcomes and a functional testing battery. Isometric hip abduction strength was obtained using a handheld dynamometer. Groups were dichotomized into those with low vs high strength to BW ratios. Two-year follow-up was performed using the single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE). Data were analyzed using univariate general linear models with an alpha level of .05.

Results

Of the 528 enrolled patients, 364 (68.9%) demonstrated a low strength to BW ratio. Baseline comparisons revealed more females and higher BMI (P <.05) in the <33% group. At release to activity, the <33% BW group demonstrated lower International Knee Documentation Committee survey scores (88.2 ± 13.6 vs 93.5 ± 10.3, P<.01), ACL-Return to Sport After Injury (76.2 ± 15.4 vs 88.5 ± 16.9, P<.01) scores, and isokinetic hamstring peak torque (P=.04). At 2-years, the <33% group reported lower SANE scores (83.3 ± 21.1 vs 92.83 ± 11.4, P=.05) with no significant differences in re-injuries.

Conclusion

Patients with low hip abduction strength to BW ratios demonstrated lower subjective function, psychological readiness, and isokinetic hamstring peak torque when completing functional testing following ACLR. Subjective deficits remained at 2-years.

Level of Evidence

Level 3

Key Terms

ACL injury, hip abduction strength, return to sport, strength ratio

Clinical Relevance

Assessing isometric hip abduction strength to body weight ratio may be beneficial in determining readiness to return to sport following ACL reconstruction.

What is Known About the Subject

Three prospective studies have provided conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between hip abduction strength and ACL injury. A clinical cut-point of hip abduction strength:BW ratio <35.4% has been suggested to identify athletes at risk of sustaining a non-contact ACL injury. To our knowledge no studies have examined isometric hip abduction strength:BW ratios in athletes attempting to return to sport following ACLR.

What This Study Adds to Existing Knowledge

This study examines the potential for hip abduction strength:BW ratio to be included as an additional metric in return to sport testing batteries.
Fractures and Chronic Recurrence are Commonly Associated with Ankle Sprains: a 5-year Population-level Cohort of Patients Seen in the U.S. Military Health System
Authors: Rhon Daniel I , Greenlee Tina A , Cook Chad E , Westrick Richard B , Umlauf Jon A , Fraser John J
Published: October 2021

Background

Whereas ankle-foot injuries are ubiquitous and affect ~16% of military service-members, granularity of information pertaining to ankle sprain subgroups and associated variables is lacking. The purpose of this study was to characterize and contextualize the burden of ankle sprain injuries in the U.S. Military Health System.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of beneficiaries seeking care for ankle sprains, utilizing data from the Military Health System Data Repository from 2009 to 2013. Diagnosis and procedural codes were used to identify and categorize ankle sprains as isolated lateral, isolated medial, concomitant medial/lateral, unspecified, or concomitant ankle sprain with a malleolar or fibular fracture. Patient characteristics, frequency of recurrence, operative cases, and injury-related healthcare costs were analyzed.

Results

Of 30,910 patients included, 68.4% were diagnosed with unspecified ankle sprains, 22.8% with concomitant fractures, (6.9%) with isolated lateral sprains, (1.7%) with isolated medial sprains and 0.3% with combined medial/lateral sprains. Pertaining to recurrence, 44.2% had at least one recurrence. Sprains with fractures were ~2-4 times more likely to have surgery within one year following injury (36.2% with fractures; 9.7% with unspecified sprains) and had the highest ankle-related downstream costs.

Conclusion

Fractures were a common comorbidity of ankle sprain (one in five injuries), and operative care occurred in 16.4% of cases. Recurrence in this cohort approximates the 40% previously reported in individuals with first-time ankle sprain who progress to chronic ankle instability. Future epidemiological studies should consider reporting on subcategories of ankle sprain injuries to provide a more granular assessment of the distribution of severity.

Level of evidence

3b
The Neuromuscular Effects of the Copenhagen Adductor Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schaber Morgan , Guiser Zachary , Brauer Logan , Jackson Rebecca , Banyasz John , Miletti Ryan , Hassen-Miller Amy
Published: October 2021

Background

Groin strains are one of the most common time-loss injuries in athletes. The Copenhagen Adductor Exercise (CAE) eccentrically strengthens the adductors and may function to prevent adductor strains, similar to the eccentric mechanism in which the Nordic Hamstrings exercise acts to prevent hamstring strains.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the CAE and its effects on adductor muscle strength and muscle activity in athletes.

Study Design

Systematic Review

Methods

A systematic search of the literature was performed in the following databases: Pubmed; Medline (EBSCO); Sportdiscus; Scopus; Web of Science; CINAHL; Proquest; Cochrane Library; Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Inclusion criteria consisted of 1) implements CAE, 2) includes athletes of any age participating in at least one sport, 3) study type is a cohort study or randomized control trial. Studies were excluded if they were not written in English or did not measure strength as an outcome. Data were extracted on eccentric hip adductor strength (EHAD), eccentric hip abductor strength (EHAB), EHAD:EHAB ratio, and electromyography (EMG) activity of the adductor muscles. Quality assessment was performed on all included studies using Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Results

Five articles were identified for inclusion, four of which received a strong rating, and one a moderate rating on the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. The CAE significantly increased EHAD in four of the four studies that examined it; significantly increased EHAB and EHAD:EHAB in three of the three studies that examined them, and increased the EMG activity of the adductors in the dominant leg 108%.

Conclusion

Overall, the CAE increases EHAD, EHAB, EHAD:EHAB, and EMG activity in the hip adductors in male soccer players. The increase in strength may reduce adductor muscle injuries, although more research needs to be done in this area to identify a clear relationship between the CAE and groin injury prevention.

Level of Evidence

1b
Effects of Sex and Age on Quadriceps and Hamstring Strength and Flexibility in High School Basketball Athletes
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Bates Nathaniel , McPherson April , Hale Rena , Hewett Timothy , Schilaty Nathan D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring/quadriceps strength ratios have been identified as modifiable risk factors of hamstring strains. Additionally, those strength and flexibility characteristics are commonly used as clinical tests to monitor progress of athletes with acute or chronic hamstring strains. Although hamstring strains are common among basketball athletes, normative values of knee strength and flexibility characteristics are scarce. Normative values for these athletes would be important in prevention and management of hamstring strains.

Purpose

To establish quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength and flexibility values among high school basketball athletes and examine the effects of sex and age.

Study Design

Cross-sectional research

Methods

Isokinetic knee muscular strength (concentric quadriceps [QuadC], concentric hamstring [HamC], eccentric hamstring [HamE], and strength ratios ([HamC/QuadC and HamE/Quad]), flexibility of hip flexors and quadriceps during a Modified Thomas test, and flexibility of hip extensors and hamstring during passive straight leg raise (SLR) and passive knee extension (PKE) tests were measured. Effects of sex and age were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance, respectively with Bonferroni corrected post hoc tests (p≤0.01).

Results

A total of 172 high school basketball athletes (64 males/108 females; mean age (range): 15.7 (14-18) years old) participated in the study. Male athletes were significantly stronger than female athletes (QuadC: p<0.001; HamC: p<0.001) while no differences were observed in strength ratio (HamC/QuadC: p=0.759-0.816; HamE/QuadC: p=0.022-0.061). Among male athletes, a significant effect of age on quadriceps and hamstring strength was observed: older male athletes were stronger than younger male athletes. Contrarily, there were no effects of age on strength among female athletes. There were significant sex differences in quadriceps flexibility, SLR, and PKE (female athletes were more flexible; p=0.001-0.005) while no sex differences were found in hip flexor flexibility (p=0.105-0.164). There were no effects of age for any flexibility variables within male and female athletes (p=0.151-0.984).

Conclusion

The current results provide normative values for hamstring strength and flexibility in high school basketball athletes. These normative values may further assist sports medicine specialists to develop screening tests, interventions, and return-to-sport criteria in this population.

Level of Evidence

3B
Grip Strength Measurement in Baseball Pitchers: A Clinical Examination to Indicate Stride Length Inefficiency
Authors: Crotin Ryan , Ramsey Dan
Published: October 2021

Background

Ulnar collateral ligament injuries are rampant in the sport of baseball where kinetic chain impacts, stemming from misappropriation of stride length or changes that occur in competition due to fatigue, have not been evaluated for dynamic elbow stability effects.

Hypothesis/Purpose

To examine the relationship between clinical measures of grip strength and altered stride length in baseball pitchers. It is believed that shorter stride lengths would reduce grip strength in baseball pitchers.

Study Design

Crossover Study Design

Methods

A total of 19 uninjured pitchers (15 collegiate and 4 high school) (age 18.63 ± 1.67 years, height 1.84 ± 0.054 m, mass 82.14 ± 0.054 kg) threw two simulated 80-pitch games at ±25% of their desired stride length recorded by motion capture with two force plates and a radar gun to track each throw. A handheld grip dynamometer was used to record the mean change in grip strength after games from baseline measures. Pairwise comparisons at baseline and post-game denoted grip strength changes and dominant grip strength offsets for stride length conditions.

Results

Subjects with shorter stride lengths revealed a significant decline in grip strength in the dominant arm from baseline (pre-game; 45.1 kg vs. post-game; 43.2 kg, p=0.017, ES=0.28), however all other tests involving dominant grip strength changes and offset analyses were not statistically different for under-stride and over-stride length conditions.

Conclusions

Clinical evaluation of grip strength has the potential to identify altered lower body mechanics and may be considered as a safe and effective monitoring strategy to integrate with motion capture in determining optimal stride lengths for baseball pitchers.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
Examining Sex Differences in Visual Reliance During Postural Control in Intercollegiate Athletes
Authors: Ingel Nicolette , Vice Victoria , Dommer Courtney , Csonka Jennifer , Moore Tara , Zaleski Ariel , Killelea Carolyn , Faherty Mallory , Feld Jody , Sell Timothy
Published: October 2021

Background

Risk factors for different sports injuries vary between sexes. Deficits in postural stability have been associated with several lower extremity injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in static postural stability between male and female intercollegiate athletes with and without visual information.

Hypothesis

There will be no difference in visual reliance between sexes during static postural stability.

Study Design

Cross-sectional Study

Methods

Static postural stability was assessed during a single session for football, soccer, basketball, and volleyball intercollegiate athletes (males, n=135, females, n=51) under eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions via performance of single limb stance on a force plate. Ground reaction force component data in all directions were quantified as a unitless composite score (COMP) where lower values indicated better postural stability. The absolute change and percentage change between EO and EC conditions were calculated for each sex. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to compare differences between sexes.

Results

Males had greater EO COMP (males=7.77±3.40; females=6.48±4.61; p=0.038; Cohen’s d=0.343) and EC COMP (males=19.43±8.91; females 14.66±6.65; p=0.001; Cohen’s d=0.571) than females. A significant difference in absolute change from EO to EC was observed between sexes (males=-11.65±7.05; females=-8.18±5.61; p=0.01, Cohen’s d=-0.520) indicating that males had a greater change between conditions for the worse. There was no significant difference in percent change from EO to EC between sexes (males=159.2±90.7; females=156.7±109.2; p=0.39; Cohen’s d=0.026).

Conclusions

The observed differences between males and females in EO COMP, EC COMP, and absolute difference in COMP indicate that there is some factor that causes a difference in static postural stability between sexes. No difference in percent change between groups indicates that the difference in static postural stability between sexes may not be due to visual reliance. Female athletes may inherently have better postural stability than males, but both sexes were able to compensate for the loss of visual input.

Level of Evidence

3
Injuries in Quidditch: A Prospective Study from a Complete UK Season
Authors: Pennington Rachel , Cooper Ashley , Faulkner Alastair C , MacInnes Alasdair , Greensmith Thomas S W , Mayne Alistair I W , Davies Peter S E
Published: October 2021

Background

Quidditch is a mixed-gender, full-contact sport founded in the USA in 2005, played worldwide by an estimated 25,000 players. It is one of the few mixed-gender full-contact sports, yet there remain few published studies regarding injury rates and patterns. A previous study suggested that the overall rate of injury in quidditch is in line with other contact sports, however raised concerns that female players were sustaining a higher rate of concussion when compared to male players.

Purpose

To examine injury rates and injury patterns in UK quidditch athletes over the course of a single season.

Study design

Prospective epidemiological study

Methods

Data were prospectively collected by professional first aid staff for the 2017-18 season spanning all major UK tournaments, involving 699 athletes. Anonymized player demographics were collected by an online survey. Time loss injury rates were measured per 1000 athletic exposures (AEs) and hours of play.

Results

The overall time loss injury rate was 20.5 per 1000 hours or 8.0 per 1000 AEs. The combined rate of concussion was 7.3 per 1000 hours or 2.8 per 1000 AEs. There was no statistical difference between time loss injuries in males (20.9/1000 hours and 8.1/1000 AEs) and females (13.9/1000 hours and 5.4/1000 AEs) (p=0.30) and no statistical difference between concussion rates in males (n=7) and females (n=4) (p=0.60).

Conclusions

Total time loss injury rates in quidditch appear to be comparable with other full-contact sports such as football. The rate of concussions for both males and females appear higher when compared to other contact sports.

Level of evidence

3
Direction-Specific Signatures of Sport Participation in Center of Pressure Profiles of Division I Athletes
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Ross Scott E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Descriptive and comparative studies of human postural control generally report effects for component or resultant dimensions of a measured signal, which may obscure potentially important information related to off-cardinal directionality. Recent work has demonstrated highly specific balance behavior that is often not easily reconciled with conventional theories of postural control.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of sport-specific training history on directional profiles of center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity among collegiate athletes.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional Study.

Methods

One-hundred sixty-seven NCAA Division-I varsity athletes (80 female: 19.12±1.08 years, 169.79±7.03 cm, 65.69±10.43 kg; 87 male: 19.59±1.33 years, 181.25±9.06 cm, 76.40±12.73 kg) representing four sports (basketball, soccer, tennis, and cross county) participated in this study. Participants balanced barefoot with eyes closed on a force plate for 10-s. in double leg and single leg stance. Effects of sport on mean COP velocity and total displacement were assessed within eight non-overlapping directions (i.e. heading bins).

Results

Greater double leg COP displacement and velocity were observed within specific heading bins in cross country athletes when compared to soccer athletes. Greater double leg COP velocity was also observed in multiple heading bins in basketball athletes when compared to soccer athletes. Greater single leg (non-dominant limb) COP displacement was observed in the 135° heading bin in basketball athletes when compared to soccer athletes.

Conclusions

The observed effects are likely attributable to sport-specific sensorimotor adaptations, including lower extremity strength/power, proprioceptive acuity, and efficiency of integrating vestibular information. Other potential mechanism—namely the involvement of cutaneous feedback and/or muscle synergies—deserve consideration. Directional profiling of spontaneous COP motion may improve understanding of sport-related balance behavior, enhancing its application in therapeutic and performance monitoring contexts.

Level of evidence

3b
Traumatic Hip Dislocation in an NCAA DI Football Player with Occult Sequelae: A Case Report
Authors: Safford Daniel W , Pontillo Marisa , Sennett Brian J
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose

American football generates the most sports-related injuries in the United States, with tackling as the leading injury mechanism. Overall injury rate at the collegiate level has been reported as 8.61 per 1,000 athlete exposures (AEs) – twice the rate of high school levels; competition injury rates are reported as high as 36.94/1000 AEs. Traumatic hip dislocation is an uncommon injury typically arising from high-energy axial impact with only 2-5.5% occurring during sports activities.

Case Description

A 22-year-old NCAA Division I football defensive back who experienced extreme left hip pain following contact with another player with his hip flexed during a game was diagnosed with a type 1 posterior hip dislocation, a grade 1 medial collateral ligament sprain with concomitant posterior thigh and hip muscle strains. Key impairments were limited left lower extremity motor performance, range of motion deficits, left hip pain, and diminished function and weight-bearing ability.

Outcomes

The athlete reintegrated into typical defensive back off-season training approximately four to five months post injury without restrictions, however presented with new anterior hip pain seven months post injury revealing occult sequelae requiring surgical intervention. He was able to return to full play the following football season.

Discussion

This case report describes the successful return to sport of a Division I football player who sustained a traumatic posterior hip dislocation and complicated course including surgical intervention secondary to associated sequelae.

Level of Evidence

5
The Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) Review Function: ‘Soft’ Regulation or an Effective Tool to Promote Transparency and Equality?
Authors: Cusack Simone
Published: October 2021

Regulatory triggers can provide a powerful motivator for transparency, including its implied expectations of openness and accountability. This includes section 151 of the Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic), which enables the Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission to review a duty holder’s “programs and practices” to determine their compliance with the Act. This article argues that the exercise of the review function in section 151 supports transparency through the level of access to people and information it affords and the ability for the Commission to critically and openly assess the state of equality in a duty holder’s organisation. This level of access and openness encourages accountability and helps to persuade and motivate duty holders to take measurable steps towards achieving equality and compliance with the Equal Opportunity Act. Surprisingly little is known, however, about this regulatory tool and its facilitative approach to compliance. This article seeks to build awareness and understanding of the review function and critically analyses its potential to promote transparency and equality. It suggests that the review function is a tool deserving of greater consideration, particularly by duty holders, in efforts to achieve substantive equality.
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE TAJIK WOOL BREED OF GOAT
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KOSIMOV M.A.
Published: October 2021

The article describes the characteristics of the live weight and wool productivity of the Tajik wool breed of goats in sexual, age and class aspects.
RESULTS OF THE USE OF SUGAR BEET AND ITS PROCESSED PRODUCTS IN FEEDING LACTATING SHEEP
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KORNIENKO Р.P.
Published: October 2021

In the beet-growing regions of our country, when producing sugar beet as a technical crop, it is advisable to use it to replace concentrates in feeding lactating sheep in up to 1.5-2.0 kg per head per day. This helps to increase the nutritional value and sugar level in the eaten feed with a stable receipt of metabolic energy and digestible protein. The replacement of a signifi cant part of the concentrates with sugar beet has a positive eff ect on milk production and wool growth.
HEMATOLOGICAL SPECTRUM AND RESISTANCE OF YOUNG SHEEP OF MEAT-WOOL BREEDS IN ONTOGENESIS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KULIKOVA A.Ya.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents materials characterizing the adaptive properties and natural resistance of young sheep of the Kuban factory type of the Lincoln and southern meat breeds, based on the study of the morphological composition of blood and indicators of mmunobiological resistance.
Crest or Trough? How Research Libraries Used Emerging Technologies to Survive the Pandemic, So Far
Authors: Calvert Scout
Published: October 2021

The final deliverable of the ARL, CNI, and EDUCAUSE joint initiative to advance research libraries’ impact in a world shaped by emerging technologies, this report returns to 11 participants in interviews conducted for the initiative, to find out how their perspectives have changed in the year and a half since the initiative began, given the disruption to research and learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In these new conversations, the interviewees retain optimism for the same transformative technologies discussed in earlier interviews, but they observe that the intense activity of the pandemic months has been largely related to adoption and refinement of existing technologies rather than innovating truly novel technological solutions to research and learning challenges.
ESTRESS LABORAL VIVENCIADO EM UM AMBIENTE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DURANTE O ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19.
Authors: Bomfim Carla Santos , Sampaio Fabiana Venâncio , Merces Mikaella Dos Santos , Silva Irleide , Silva Vitória Mascarenhas Ferraz
Published: October 2021

ESTRESS LABORAL VIVENCIADO EM UM AMBIENTE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA DURANTE O ENFRENTAMENTO DA COVID-19.
INTRODUÇÃO:
Doenças infecciosas são um desafio para a saúde pública mundial, e o Coronavirus veio p
A Validation Model for Prediction of Kovats Retention Indices of Compounds Isolated from Origanum spp. and Thymus spp. Essential Oils
Authors: Čabarkapa Ivana , Aćimović Milica , Pezo Lato , Tadić Vanja
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This work aimed to obtain a validated model for the prediction of retention times of compounds isolated from Origanum heracleoticum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and Thymus serpyllum essential oils. In total 68 experimentally obtained retention times of compounds, which were separated and detected by GC-MS were further used to build the prediction models. The quantitative structure–retention relationship was employed to foresee the Kovats retention indices of compounds acquired by GC-MS analysis, using eight molecular descriptors selected by a genetic algorithm. The chosen descriptors were used as inputs for the four artificial neural networks, to construct a Kovats retention indices predictive quantitative structure–retention relationship model. The coefficients of determination in the training cycle were 0.830; 0.852; 0.922 and 0.815 (for compounds found in O. heracleoticum, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum essential oils, respectively), demonstrating that these models could be used for prediction of Kovats retention indices, due to low prediction error and high r2.

 

Resumen. El objetivo de este trabajo es la obtención de modelos validados para la predicción del tiempo de retención de los compuestos aislados de aceites esenciales de Origanum heracleoticum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris y Thymus serpyllum. Se han obtenido un total de 68 tiempos de retención de compuestos, separándose y detectándose por cromatografía de gases con detección por espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) con posterior desarrollo de modelos de predicción.  La relación cuantitativa estructura-retención ha sido utilizada para predecir el índice de retención Kovats de los compuestos obtenidos por análisis de GC-MS, utilizando ocho descriptores moleculares seleccionados mediante algoritmo genético. Los descriptores seleccionados han sido utilizados como entrada para las cuatro redes neuronales artificiales y así elaborar los índices predictivos del modelo de relación cuantitativa estructura-retención.  Los coeficientes de determinación en el ciclo de entrenamiento fueron de 0.830; 0.852; 0.922 y 0.815 (para los compuestos identificados en los aceites esenciales del O. heracleoticum, O. vulgare, T. vulgaris y T. serpyllum respectivamente) demostrando así que estos modelos son útiles en la predicción de los índices de retención de Kovats con un error de bajo predicción y alta r2.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANOMALIES IN SURFACE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE PRECEDING VOLCANO ERUPTIONS DETECTED BY THE LANDSAT-8 THERMAL INFRARED SENSOR (CASE STUDY: KARANGETANG VOLCANO)
Authors: Suwarsono Suwarsono , Triyono Djoko , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis , Rokhmatuloh Rokhmatuloh
Published: October 2021

Indonesia's geological as part of the “ring of fire” includes the consequence that community life could be affected by volcanic activity. The catastrophic incidence of volcanic eruptions in the last ten years has had a disastrous impact on human life. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to conduct research on the strengthening of the early warning system for volcanic eruptions utilising remote sensing technology.  This study analyses spatial and temporal anomalies of surface brightness temperature in the peak area of Karangetang volcano during the 2018-2019 eruption. Karangetang volcano is an active volcano located in North Sulawesi, with a magmatic eruption type that releases lava flow. We analyse the anomalies in the brightness temperature from channel-10 of the Landsat-8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Scanner) time series during the period in question. The results of the research demonstrate that in the case of Karangetang Volcano the eruptions of 2018-2019 indicate increases in the surface brightness temperature of the crater region. As this volcano has many craters, the method is also very useful to establish in which crater the center of the eruption occurred.
Political Dimensions and Issue Divisions: Method for Determining Interaction
Authors: Korgunyuk Yu. G.
Published: October 2021

The article presents and justifies a method for determining the content of political dimensions. Political dimensions are calculated via factor analysis of party positions on popular political issues that are on the agenda. In addition, the author proposes to conduct a factor analysis of parties’ positions on specific issue domains — domestic politics, socio-economic policy, and systemic area. Factor loadings of the parties’ specific issue divisions are used as independent variables for building a regression model, whereas factor loadings of the same parties’ general issue divisions are used as a dependent variable. Such models allow the author to calculate the specific weight of this and the other specific issue division within each of the political dimensions and thus determine the content of the latter. The application of the method to the analysis of the national discussion demonstrated that, in the late autumn of 2020, the first issue dimension was characterized by the confrontation between “hawks” and “doves” in the international affairs (systemic issue domain) and, additionally, the authorities vs. opposition competition in the socio-economic sphere; the second dimension — by the authorities vs. opposition competition in the domestic politics, coupled with the confrontation between “hawks” and “doves” in the foreign policy and the struggle between communists and liberals in the socio-economic sphere; the third one — by the confrontation between liberals and loyalists in the domestic politics and between authorities and Soviet traditionalists in the systemic sphere. The application of the method to analyzing the results of the regional assemblies’ elections (2016—2020) allowed the author to conclude that the increase in the number of participating parties not only broadened dimensionality of the political space, but also increased the variety of issue divisions. The author also documented the change in the structure of the dominant specific issue divisions within the political dimensions, as well as the erosion of the political picture and the authorities vs. opposition confrontation coming to the forefront almost in every sphere. The analysis shows that, on average, voters perceived political dimensions as independent political cleavages in only a third of the cases. The complex composition of these dimensions indicates an increase in the polyvariance of the mass political consciousness; however, this tendency is compensated by the prevalence of easier-to-perceive forms — the confrontation between the authorities and opposition in the political and socio-economic spheres.