bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal terminology at arm's length - the multiple dimensions of legal terms
Authors: Kocbek Alenka
Published: February 2015

The paper is aimed at shedding new light on the multiple dimensions of legal terms which can be unearthed in the process of terminology mining as a crucial stage in translation. It proposes to view legal terminology from a sociocognitive perspective, according to which terms are perceived as expressing units of understanding based oncognitive frames rather than rendering concepts in their traditional definition. Upon closer scrutiny most of these units reveal significant information regarding their verbal and extra-verbal dimensions. We therefore suggest analysing units of understanding expressed by simple terms, multiple elements terms and phraseology as depositories of knowledge providing information on the text type in which they occur, as well as on there levant area of law, the legal system and the wider culture underlying the text. In this context, terminology mining is not intended merely as extraction of terms, but rather as their analysis, comparison and structuring which reveals aspects such as their multiple embeddedness, as well as their historical, ideological, metaphorical, status-conferringand common Latin dimension.
Short-period evolution in EU legal texts: old and new terms, old and new concepts
Authors: Peruzzo Katia
Published: February 2015

Due to the ever-changing legal landscape of the European Union, the terminology used in EU documents is subject to constant formal and conceptual evolution. In this paper, a bilingual (Italian and English) corpus of equally authentic EU legal texts covering a time span of fifteen years (1998-2012) and concerning the legal area of victims of crime is analysed from a diachronic perspective. The aim is to discuss the terminological changes observed in the corpus in the light of the classification of evolution phenomena proposed by Tartier (2003) and Picton (2011). In order to examine both formal and conceptual terminological evolution, the distinction between genotypes and phenotypes introduced by Sacco (1991) is applied to the terms identified in the corpus and the underlying concepts. The analysis of the EU corpus shows that the three categories proposed by Tartier (appearance, disappearance and stability) and the first three (novelty and obsolescence, implantation of terms and concepts, and centrality) of the four categories proposed by Picton for the terminology of space technologies also apply to the terms of the examined legal area.
Relating reading comprehension in the Spanish as a foreign language national exam to the CEFR: some aspects of evaluation
Authors: Šifrar Kalan Marjana , Trenc Andreja
Published: February 2015

The aim of the article is to present the results of a project which tried to relate the reading comprehension test in the Spanish as a foreign language national matura exam to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The CEFR  and the evaluation guidelines (Council of Europe 2009) present reference points and standardization tools for establishing the correspondence between the knowledge required in the exam on the one hand and the levels of linguistic competence proposed by the CEFR on the other hand. Reading comprehension is analysed as a communicative process in foreign and native language. After introducing the project of calibrating the foreign language exam to the CEFR and presenting the methodology employed in the study, a comparative analysis of the results is presented. The analysis combines two methods: Angoff and Basket standard setting methods and a descriptive method based on the CEFR descriptive scales. Cut scores for B1 level in the elementary examination and for B2 level in the advanced examination as established by the panel of judges are proposed. However, a detailed descriptive analysis of each exam item has shown that the CEFR descriptors should be more transparent, comprehensive and precise, given that reading comprehension is a threedimensional skill consisting of various general and linguistic (sub)competences.
Discovering English tense-backshift parameters through discourse
Authors: Orel Kos Silvana
Published: February 2015

English grammars and teaching materials often fail to include references to specific discoursal and communicative functions. This facilitates the foreign language acquisition process during which learners acquire basic linguistic skills. The teaching of indirect discourse or so-called reported speech is no exception in this respect: easy-to-learn grammatical rules governing tense-backshift are combined with rather open-ended communicative functions. The CEFR 2011, however, aims at developing the user’s communicative competence, which at its most naturally-occurring level includes the pragmatic-discursive components. The article presents a discourse-oriented approach to indirect discourse teaching and learning, in which the role of the communication mediator, i.e. the indirect discourse producer, is presented as one of the most significant parameters that have been analytically disregarded, yet it provides an identification model for the learner as an active language user. Our approach focuses on further important parameters of indirect discourse, i.e. the discoursal macrotextual type, the focus on the original communicator or the message, the communication mediator’s attitude or involvement, semantic, stylistic and syntactic restrictions. The suggested discourse-oriented approach encourages students to discover “grammatical rules” on their own, which should enable them to develop more internalized and confident language production skills.
Translating processes and elementary writing in German as a foreign language
Authors: Hoffmann Sabine , Fele Giolo
Published: February 2015

The article presents the first results of a qualitative research study on writing in a foreign language with the help of Google Translator. It examines the processes of  the construction of verbal and discursive forms during group discussion on the translation of a tourist website structures ensuing from a tourist website const. This study took place in the 2013/2014 academic year, and it was based on a video recording of about 12 hours of group work by 16 students while planning and producing a draft of the German translation of the homepage of an Italian tourist site. This study highlights both the advantages and disadvantages of the use of an online translation resource by students with basic knowledge of a foreign language.
Présentation du volume
Authors: Lah Meta
Published: February 2015

Présentation du volume
Successful Physician Training Program for Large Scale EMR Implementation
Authors: Stevens L.A. , Mailes E.S. , Goad B.A. , Longhurst C.A. , Pantaleoni J.L.
Published: February 2015

End-user training is an essential element of electronic medical record (EMR) implementation and frequently suffers from minimal institutional investment. In addition, discussion of successful EMR training programs for physicians is limited in the literature. The authors describe a successful physician-training program at Stanford Children’s Health as part of a large scale EMR implementation. Evaluations of classroom training, obtained at the conclusion of each class, revealed high physician satisfaction with the program. Free-text comments from learners focused on duration and timing of training, the learning environment, quality of the instructors, and specificity of training to their role or department. Based upon participant feedback and institutional experience, best practice recommendations, including physician engagement, curricular design, and assessment of proficiency and recognition, are suggested for future provider EMR training programs. The authors strongly recommend the creation of coursework to group providers by common workflow.

Citation: Pantaleoni JL, Stevens LA, Mailes ES, Goad BA, Longhurst CA. Successful physician training program for large scale EMR implementation. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 80–95

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-09-CR-0076
Queer Postcolonial Narratives and the Ethics of Witnessing
Authors: McCormack Donna
Published: February 2015

Queer Postcolonial Narratives and the Ethics of Witnessing is a critically engaged exploration of power and its relation to ethics and bodies. By revisiting and revising Judith Butler's and Homi Bhabha's queer and postcolonial theories of literary performance, McCormack expands current understandings of the performative workings of power through an embodied, multisensory ethics. That remembering is an embodied act which necessitates an undoing of one's sense of self captures how colonial and familial histories silenced by hegemonic structures may only emerge through opaque bodily sensations. These non-institutionalised forms of witnessing serve both to reconfigure theories of performativity, by re-situating the act of witnessing as integral to the workings of power, and to interrogate the current emphasis on speech in trauma studies, by analysing the multifarious, communal and public ways in which memories emerge. In Queer Postcolonial Narratives and the Ethics of Witnessing the body is reinstated as central to both the workings of and the challenges to colonial discourses.
Calibration of 3-D wind measurements on a single engine research aircraft
Authors: Mallaun C. , Giez A. , Baumann R.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. An innovative calibration method for the wind speed measurement using a boom mounted Rosemount model 858 AJ air velocity probe is introduced. The method is demonstrated for a sensor system installed on a medium size research aircraft which is used for measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. The method encounters a series of coordinated flight manoeuvres to directly estimate the aerodynamic influences on the probe and to calculate the measurement uncertainties. The introduction of a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) combined with a high accuracy Inertial Reference System (IRS) has brought major advances to airborne measurement techniques. The exact determination of geometrical height allows the use of the pressure signal as an independent parameter. Furthermore, the exact height information and the stepwise calibration process lead to maximum accuracy. The results show a measurement uncertainty for the aerodynamic influence of the dynamic and static pressures of 0.1 hPa. The applied parametrisation does not require any height dependencies or time shifts. After extensive flight tests a correction for the flow angles (attack and sideslip angles) was found, which is necessary for a successful wind calculation. A new method is demonstrated to correct for the aerodynamic influence on the sideslip angle. For the 3-D wind vector (with 100 Hz resolution) a novel error propagation scheme is tested, which determines the measurement uncertainties to be 0.3 m s−1 for the horizontal and 0.2 m s−1 for the vertical wind components.
Insight into Emiliania huxleyi coccospheres by focused ion beam sectioning
Authors: Hoffmann R. , Kirchlechner C. , Langer G. , Wochnik A. S. , Griesshaber E. , Schmahl W. W. , Scheu C.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Coccospheres of a cultured Emiliania huxleyi clone were sampled in the exponential growth phase and sectioned using a focused ion beam microscope. An average of 69 sections and the corresponding secondary electron micrographs per coccosphere provided detailed information on coccosphere architecture. The coccospheres feature 2–3 layers on average and 20 coccoliths per cell, of which only 15 can be seen in conventional scanning electron micrographs. The outer coccosphere diameter was positively correlated with the number of coccolith layers. By contrast, the inner coccosphere diameter (around 4.36 μm), and hence the cell diameter, was quasi-constant. Coccoliths were not evenly distributed across the coccosphere, resulting more often than not in one part of the coccosphere displaying more coccolith layers than the other. The architectural data allowed for the calculation of the PIC $/$ POC ratio, the density and the sinking velocity of individual cells. The correlation of these parameters has implications for the ongoing debate on the function of coccoliths.
Improving the ISBACC land surface model simulation of water and carbon fluxes and stocks over the Amazon forest
Authors: Joetzjer E. , Delire C. , Douville H. , Ciais P. , Decharme B. , Carrer D. , Verbeeck H. , De Weirdt M. , Bonal D.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. We evaluate the ISBACC land surface model over the Amazon forest, and propose a revised parameterization of photosynthesis, including new soil water stress and autotrophic respiration functions. The revised version allows the model to better capture the energy, water and carbon fluxes when compared to five Amazonian fluxtowers. The performance of ISBACC is slightly site-dependent but similar to the widely evaluated land surface model ORCHIDEE, based on different assumptions. Changes made to the autotrophic respiration functions, including a vertical profile of leaf respiration, leads to simulate yearly carbon use efficiency and carbon stocks consistent with an ecophysiological meta analysis conducted on three Amazonian sites. Despite these major improvements, ISBACC struggles to capture the apparent seasonality of the carbon fluxes derived from the fluxtower estimations. However, there is still no consensus on the seasonality of carbon fluxes over the Amazon, stressing a need for more observations as well as a better understanding of the main drivers of autotrophic respiration.
PROFESINĖS ODOS LIGOS IR NEDARBINGUMAS
Authors: Margytė Beatričė , Audickaitė Aistė , Skripkienė Edita Naruševičiūtė , Grigaitienė Jūratė , Bučinskienė Matilda Bylaitė
Published: February 2015

Occupational diseases are health problems of employees, caused by harmful and hazardous agents present in the occupational activity or work environment. Occupational skin diseases – relevant, but not often discussed topic. They are the most commonly diagnosed diseases in Western countries while in Lithuania it is only the sixtieth part of all occupational diseases. Occupational skin diseases have poor prognosis and long-term consequences, causing disability, unemployment and necessity to change the profession. Early prevention and diagnosis can prevent negative effects of the life quality. Occupational rehabilitation program, organized by the Ministry of social security and labour, helps to adapt people who are disabled due to occupational diseases. The purpose of this article is to introduce the importance of occupational skin diseases in Lithuania and abroad, also to discuss the possible causes of these diseases, prevention, diagnosis and options of occupational rehabilitation.
LIPID CONTENT IN SMALL AND LARGE NATURAL RUBBER PARTICLES
Authors: Chan Alan Jenkin , Steenkeste Karine , Eloy Marie , Brosson Damien , Gaboriaud Fabien , Fontaine-Aupart Marie-Pierre
Published: February 2015

Knowledge of the surface composition of natural rubber (NR) latex is essential to manufacturers of latex goods. Films made from only small rubber particles (SRPs) and a mix of SRPs and large rubber particles (LRPs) differ in mechanical properties. The reason for this difference, which is still under debate, is hypothesized to be linked with biomolecules (proteins and lipids) present in the NR particle surface. In this study, we characterize the surface chemistry, particularly lipid content of the SRP and LRP, by performing investigations directly on these particles in aqueous conditions. Fluorescent probes were used to display protein and lipid affinity and analyze them in situ with steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Results are atypical in showing that lipids are more abundant in LRPs than in SRPs, suggesting thicker and/or denser membranes in LRPs. The degree of membrane compacity affects rigidity, influences biomolecular interactions, and might impact natural rubber coagulation. These results provide additional insights into colloidal behavior of NR for more efficient industrial applications.
Association between Working Capital Management Strategies and Profitability
Authors: N. Maswadeh Sana
Published: February 2015

This study aims to examine the relationship between working capital management strategies (aggressive, moderate, conservative) and profitability. The study relied on the financial statements published by industrial pharmaceutical corporations in the last five years, namely 2009-2013, using the Pearson correlation coefficient between classifications according to corporate working capital management strategies, as well as profitability classification (high, medium and low) to determine whether a statistically significant relationship between the strategies followed for working capital management and profitability of the corporation. The study's results revealed a stronger relationship between working capital management strategy and profitability of Jordanian industrial pharmaceutical corporations that followed a moderate strategy compared with those that followed an aggressive strategy. Furthermore, Jordanian pharmaceutical corporations didn’t follow a conservative working capital management strategy.
The Effect of Audit Quality and Audit Committees on Goodwill Impairment Losses
Authors: Al Dabbous Nagham , Abughazaleh Naser , Al-Hares Osama
Published: February 2015

Using a sample of 528 firm-year observations, drawn from the top 500 U.K. listed firms, this study examines the effect of audit quality and audit committee (hereafter: AC) characteristics on goodwill impairment losses recorded following the mandatory adoption of IFRS 3 “Business Combinations”. The hypothesis investigated is that managers disciplined by effective ACs and auditors are less likely to act opportunistically but instead use their accounting discretion to convey their private information resulting in the recognition of higher amounts of existing goodwill impairments that better reflect the underlying performance of the firm. Shareholders will not expect ACs and auditors to constrain accounting choices (e.g., goodwill impairments) used credibly by managers. After controlling for economic factors and financial reporting incentives, empirical results reveal that auditor and AC characteristics do not seem to have a significant effect on the recognition of goodwill impairments. Although ACs are expected to act as a monitoring device, the monitoring incentives of AC directors may be hampered by the joint board responsibility for the quality of financial reporting. The results also suggest that the formation of ACs does not always necessarily imply effective monitoring as ACs may fall short of doing what are generally perceived as their duties (Sommer, 1991). These results may be of interest to standard setters, regulators and policy makers.
Auditing in the BRICs
Authors: Quinn Rachelle
Published: February 2015

The “Big Four” international accounting firms typically provide audit, tax, and advisory services throughout the world. Emerging market growth, specifically in the countries of Brazil, South Africa, and India, is expected to be significant in the upcoming years. In this paper, specific political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, legal, ethical, environmental and geographic factors are considered in each of these countries specifically as they relate to members of the Big Four and their auditing services. Further, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are evaluated in light of the provision of audit services within Brazil, South Africa, and India. Specific business risks and opportunities are identified for firms in each geographic location discussed.
Electoral Politics: A Case Study of Pakistan (1947-1985)
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad , Mussarat Razia
Published: February 2015

Electoral politics effects democracy and political system. Elections are essential component of modern democracy.The authoritarian pattern of government is harmful for institutional development process. The constitutional and institutional developmental process is weak in Pakistan. The federal system government is not work in Pakistan in true sense. These issues weakened political system of Pakistan. The institutions may get proper development to strengthen democratic system. The political structures and governing experience is not matched  to democratic world. The power politics contributed to inability of parliamentary democracy to govern new country effectively. Democracy remained poor in Pakistan. Military rulersgoverned in Pakistan more than half of time. The assumption is that democracy is controlled by the electoral process. The paper covers electoral politics of Pakistan from 1947 to 1985.
Regions within a single epidermal cell of Drosophila can be planar polarised independently
Authors: Rovira Miguel , Saavedra Pedro , Casal José , Lawrence Peter A
Published: February 2015

Planar cell polarity (PCP), the coordinated and consistent orientation of cells in the plane of epithelial sheets, is a fundamental and conserved property of animals and plants. Up to now, the smallest unit expressing PCP has been considered to be an entire single cell. We report that, in the larval epidermis of Drosophila, different subdomains of one cell can have opposite polarities. In larvae, PCP is driven by the Dachsous/Fat system; we show that the polarity of a subdomain within one cell is its response to levels of Dachsous/Fat in the membranes of contacting cells. During larval development, cells rearrange (Saavedra et al., 2014) and when two subdomains of a single cell have different types of neighbouring cells, then these subdomains can become polarised in opposite directions. We conclude that polarisation depends on a local comparison of the amounts of Dachsous and Fat within opposing regions of a cell's membrane.
Haloragis milesiae (Haloragaceae), a new species from the Australian Alps
Authors: Wilson Peter G , Makinson Robert O
Published: February 2015

A reassessment of specimens of Haloragis exalata subsp. exalata from near Geehi, in Kosciuszko National Park, revealed that they were consistently different from typical examples of that taxon in stem, leaf and indumentum characters. It is here concluded that this population merits recognition at specific rank, a conclusion that is strongly supported by preliminary DNA sequence analysis. The species is named Haloragis milesiae in honour of the discoverer of the population.
Link between premidnight second harmonic poloidal waves and auroral undulations: Conjugate observations with a Van Allen Probe spacecraft and a THEMIS all‐sky imager
Authors: Motoba T. , Takahashi K. , Ukhorskiy A. , Gkioulidou M. , Mitchell D. G. , Lanzerotti L. J. , Korotova G. I. , Donovan E. F. , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Blake J. B.
Published: February 2015

We report, for the first time, an auroral undulation event on 1 May 2013 observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky imager (ASI) at Athabasca (L = 4.6), Canada, for which in situ field and particle measurements in the conjugate magnetosphere were available from a Van Allen Probe spacecraft. The ASI observed a train of auroral undulation structures emerging spontaneously in the premidnight subauroral ionosphere during the growth phase of a substorm. The undulations had an azimuthal wavelength of ~180 km and propagated westward at a speed of 3–4 km s−1. The successive passage over an observing point yielded quasiperiodic oscillations in diffuse auroral emissions with a period of ~40 s. The azimuthal wave number m of the auroral luminosity oscillations was found to be m~−103. During the event, the spacecraft—being on tailward stretched field lines ~0.5 RE outside the plasmapause that mapped into the ionosphere conjugate to the auroral undulations—encountered intense poloidal ULF oscillations in the magnetic and electric fields. We identify the field oscillations to be the second harmonic mode along the magnetic field line through comparisons of the observed wave properties with theoretical predictions. The field oscillations were accompanied by oscillations in proton and electron fluxes. Most interestingly, both field and particle oscillations at the spacecraft had one‐to‐one association with the auroral luminosity oscillations around its footprint. Our findings strongly suggest that this auroral undulation event is closely linked to the generation of second harmonic poloidal waves.
Quantifying the effect of pyroxene on deformation of peridotite in a natural shear zone
Authors: Hansen Lars N. , Warren Jessica M.
Published: February 2015

The influence of pyroxene on upper mantle viscosity remains unclear but may occur either through its difference in strength relative to olivine or through its effect on olivine microstructure. To determine the role of pyroxene in moderating peridotite viscosity, we analyzed microstructures in paired harzburgites and dunites from a natural shear zone exposed in the Josephine Peridotite. Olivine crystallographic textures evolve similarly in harzburgites and dunites with increasing strain, indicating the operation of similar deformation mechanisms in olivine. The mean olivine grain sizes are ~1.5 times larger in dunites than in harzburgites, whereas the mean olivine subgrain sizes are a factor of ~1.2 smaller in dunites than in harzburgites. The average stresses in olivine, estimated with a subgrain‐size piezometer, are inversely correlated with pyroxene volume fraction and directly correlated with the mean olivine grain size. The calculated ratio of pyroxene viscosity to olivine viscosity for each harzburgite/dunite pair varies from 1.2 to 3.3. Notably, our data indicate that olivine viscosity is non‐Newtonian with a finite grain‐size sensitivity. We suggest that at the conditions of the shear zone, pyroxene is more viscous than olivine but that the increase in aggregate strength with larger pyroxene fractions is offset by correspondingly smaller olivine grain sizes. Thus, major rheological weakening associated with pyroxene content may only be possible if (1) temperatures are higher than those characterizing this shear zone, increasing the viscosity contrast between olivine and pyroxene or (2) stresses are high enough that grain‐size reduction promotes a transition to a deformation mechanism with extreme grain‐size sensitivity, such as diffusion creep.
Interval‐based fast fault detection and identification applied to radio‐navigation multipath
Authors: Drevelle Vincent , Bonnifait Philippe
Published: February 2015

Detection and identification of faulty measurements like multipath are of prime importance for radio navigation. A method based on interval analysis and constraint propagation is presented in this paper and applied to the GPS positioning. This method is able to detect and identify erroneous measurements in real time simultaneously with the computation of the positioning domain. With bounded‐error measurements (GPS pseudoranges on visible satellites here), fault detection is guaranteed not to trigger false alarms. A q‐relaxed robust estimation method is studied. By the use of a breadth‐first exploration strategy and of measurement consistency counters, the algorithm can promptly signal a detected fault during the set‐inversion process. It can also be stopped at any time of the evaluation and can instantly return the solution subpaving and the list of identified erroneous measurements. We demonstrate that the method is able to handle simultaneous faults as long as they are fewer than the degree of relaxation. The method has been evaluated with real GPS pseudodistances in an urban environment with a low‐cost high‐sensitivity GPS receiver providing numerous faulty multipath measurements, and we report experiments. As the application of this method deals with road vehicles, a three‐dimensional map of the drivable space has also been used to constrain the vehicle location to improve the performance of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of Molecular Hydrogen by a Singlet Carbene through Quantum Mechanical Tunneling
Authors: Henkel Stefan , Sander Wolfram
Published: February 2015

Carbenes are among the few metal‐free molecules that are able to activate molecular hydrogen. Whereas triplet carbenes have been shown to insert into H2 through a two‐step mechanism that at low temperature is assisted by quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT), singlet carbenes insert in concerted reactions with considerable activation barriers, and are thus unreactive towards H2 at cryogenic temperatures. Here we show that 1‐azulenylcarbene with a singlet ground state readily inserts into H2, and that QMT governs the insertion into both H2 and D2. This is the first example that shows that QMT can also be important for singlet carbenes inserting into dihydrogen.
Highly Sensitive and Robust Linear Probe for Detection of mRNA in Cells
Authors: Asanuma Hiroyuki , Akahane Mariko , Niwa Rie , Kashida Hiromu , Kamiya Yukiko
Published: February 2015

A stemless linear probe was designed that robustly detects mRNA in cells with high sensitivity. The probe is modified at some positions with base surrogates prepared from D‐threoninol, with anthraquinone moieties near the 5′‐ and 3′‐termini, and with perylene moieties. Even in cell lysate that involves various proteins and enzymes, background emission was very low. When the probe was hybridized with RNA, chromophores are intercalated between the base pairs, resulting in a remarkable light‐up signal. The signal‐to‐background ratio was as high as 1600 under our standard buffer conditions. In the HeLa cell lysate, the linear probe had sufficient signal‐to‐background ratio (S/B=40) for reliable mRNA detection. No degradation was observed after a 24 h incubation in HeLa cell lysate. In cells, a probe designed to target DsRed resulted in distinct blue fluorescence only in cells transfected with plasmid encoding DsRed; no fluorescence was observed in control cells.
Introduction of laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Howard A Q , Bennett P C , Ahmad I , Choksy S A , Mackenzie S I P , Backhouse C M
Published: February 2015

Background

The aim was to review a consecutive series of patients treated with laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. These patients were compared with patients having elective open AAA repair.

Methods

Demographic and operative details were collected prospectively and outcomes recorded for all patients undergoing laparoscopic or open AAA repair.

Results

A total of 316 patients underwent laparoscopic (51), open (53) or endovascular (EVAR; 212) AAA repair between 2007 and 2013. The median age of patients who had laparoscopic or open repair was 72 (i.q.r. 66–75) years, and 92·3 per cent were men. There was no significant difference in sex distribution, age or V-POSSUM physiology score between laparoscopic and open repair. Of the 51 laparoscopic procedures, six were totally laparoscopic, 43 were laparoscopically assisted and two were converted to open repair. Pain scores were similar on days 1 and 3 after laparoscopic and open repair, even though epidurals were used in the open group, and were lower on days 5 and 7 after laparoscopic procedures. Patients who had laparoscopic repair had significantly fewer postoperative cardiorespiratory and renal complications (P = 0·017), and were discharged from hospital sooner (median 5 (i.q.r. 3–7) versus 8 (6–11) days; P = 0 ·001).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic AAA repair was performed safely, and with at least equivalent outcomes to open repair, in patients unfavourable for EVAR.
Genetic variations in angiopoietin and pericyte pathways and clinical outcome in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Stremitzer Stefan , Zhang Wu , Yang Dongyun , Ning Yan , Stintzing Sebastian , Sebio Ana , Sunakawa Yu , Yamauchi Shinichi , Matsusaka Satoshi , El‐Khoueiry Rita , Stift Judith , Wrba Friedrich , Gruenberger Thomas , Lenz Heinz‐Josef
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Genes involved in the angiopoietin and pericyte pathways may become escape mechanisms under antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) therapy. The authors investigated whether variations within genes in these pathways are associated with clinical outcome in patients with colorectal liver metastases who undergo liver resection and receive perioperative, bevacizumab‐based chemotherapy.

METHODS

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes (angiopoietin‐1 [ANGPT1]; ANGPT2; TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial [TEK]; platelet‐derived growth factor β [PDGFB]; β‐type platelet‐derived growth factor receptor [PDGFRB]; insulin‐like growth factor 1 [IGF1]; transforming growth factor β1 [TGFB1]; RalA binding protein 1 [RALBP1]; and regulator of G‐protein signaling 5 [RGS5]) were analyzed in samples of genomic DNA from 149 patients and were evaluated for associations with clinical outcome.

RESULTS

RALBP1 reference SNP 329007 (rs329007) A>G resulted in a significant difference in recurrence‐free survival (A/A genotype, 14.0 months; A/G or G/G genotype, 9.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; P = .024). PDGFB rs1800818 A>G was associated with 3‐year overall survival rates (A/A genotype, 78%; A/G genotype, 69%; [HR 1.37]; G/G genotype, 53%; [HR 2.12]; P = .048). In multivariate analysis, RALBP1 rs329007 A>G remained significant (HR, 1.99; P = .002). PDGFB rs1800818 A>G and RALBP1 rs329007 A>G were correlated with radiologic response (A/A or A/G genotype, 86%; G/G genotype, 71% [P = .042]; A/A genotype, 78%; A/G or G/G genotype, 94% [P = .018], respectively). RALBP1 rs329007 A>G demonstrated significantly different rates of histologic response (A/A genotype: major histologic response, 35%; partial histologic response, 34%; no histologic response, 30%; A/G or G/G genotype: 46%, 13%, and 41%, respectively; P = .029). Recursive partitioning analysis revealed that ANGPT2 rs2442599 T>C and RALBP1 rs329007 A>G were the main SNPs that predicted histologic response and recurrence‐free survival, whereas PDGFB rs1800818 A>G was the leading SNP that predicted overall survival. ANGPT2 rs2916702 C>T and rs2442631 G>A were significantly associated with the probability of achieving a cure.

CONCLUSIONS

The current data suggest that variations in genes involved in the angiopoietin and pericyte pathways may be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases who receive bevacizumab‐based chemotherapy. Cancer 2015;121:1898–1905. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A Mild and Selective Reduction of β‐Lactams: Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation towards Important Pharmacological Building Blocks
Authors: Bornschein Christoph , Lennox Alastair J. J. , Werkmeister Svenja , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2015

Four‐membered N‐heterocyclic compounds exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities. Herein, we report a useful rhodium‐catalyzed protocol for the activation of phenylsilane to reduce tertiary β‐lactams. Reaction with the tertiary amides was selective over secondary amides, esters, olefins and nitriles, with no erosion of stereochemistry. A one‐pot protocol from commercially available starting materials and a selective reduction of a complex penicillin derivative demonstrate the synthetic utility of this facile procedure.
Immobilization stress sensitizes rat dorsal horn neurons having input from the low back
Authors: Hoheisel U. , Vogt M.A. , Palme R. , Gass P. , Mense S.
Published: February 2015

Background

Stress is known to promote several forms of muscle pain including non‐specific low back pain. However, the question if stress alone activates nociceptive central neurons has not been studied systematically. Here, we investigated the influence of repeated immobilization stress on dorsal horn neurons and behaviour in the rat.

Methods

The stress consisted of immobilization in a narrow tube for 1 h on 12 days. Single dorsal horn neurons were recorded with microelectrodes introduced into the spinal segment L2. In this segment, about 14% of the neurons responded to mechanical stimulation of the subcutaneous soft tissues of the low back in naïve rats. The neurons often behaved like wide dynamic range cells in that they had a low mechanical threshold and showed graded responses to noxious stimuli.

Results

The stress‐induced changes in neuronal response behaviour were (1) appearance of new receptive fields in the deep tissues of the hindlimb, (2) increased input from deep soft tissues, but unchanged input from the skin and (3) significant increase in resting activity. Surprisingly, the pressure‐pain threshold of the low back remained unchanged, although dorsal horn neurons were sensitized. In the open field test, the rats showed signs of increased anxiety.

Conclusions

This study shows that stress alone is sufficient to sensitize dorsal horn neurons. The data may explain the enhanced pain low back patients report when they are under stress. The increased resting discharge may lead to spontaneous pain.
Orotidine 5′‐phosphate decarboxylase‐based reusable in situ genetic editing system: Development and application in taxol‐producing Pestalotiopsis microspora
Authors: Chen Longfei , Wei Dongsheng , Zhang Qian , Yu Xi , Wang Yu , Zhu Xudong
Published: February 2015

Pestalotiopsis microspora NK17 produces the antitumor drug paclitaxel and pestalotiollide B, an analog of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors. However, little is known about their biosynthesis due to the lack of molecular tools. We report here the functional identification of the orotidine 5′‐phosphate decarboxylase encoding gene, pm‐ura3, from this fungus. We utilized it as a marker in the construction of a reusable system for gene scarless deletion, restoration, and tagging. As a positive marker, pm‐ura3 can be used to targeted locus of interest in a start uracil auxotrophic host. It then can be replaced by any artificial DNA sequence, e.g. a mutated ORF, under the negative selection of 5‐fluoroorotic acid. By this method, we can edit genes of interest in situ and recycle the marker. No heterogeneous markers are needed, and the accumulation of foreign DNA sequences such as HisG, FRP, and LoxP is avoided. We applied the system to study the function of pm‐mus53 and found that the gene had little effect on the nonhomologous end‐joining process mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation. We also investigated the expression of a putative taxadiene synthase in taxol biosynthetic pathways of P. microspora and found it was differentially expressed in solid and liquid medium.
Investigation on biodiesel production from cotton seed oil using microwave irradiated transesterfication process
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V.
Published: February 2015

In this study, cotton seed oil was investigated under different operating conditions such as ethanol: oil molar ratio, temperature, mixing rate, time, and microwave power to produce the biodiesel. Five factors with three levels Box‐Behnken response surface design (BBD) was used to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables on the biodiesel production. three‐dimensional response surface plots were used to study the interactive effects of the process variables. Numerical optimization technique was used to to findout the optimum conditions for the maximizing the biodiesel production and it was found to be 99.5%. The fuel properties of produced biodiesel were compared with ASTM D6751 for biodiesel standards. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1229–1235, 2015
REVIEWS
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

Ocean Island and Nauru. By Albert F. Ellis. Pp. 311. Angus and Robertson Ltd., Sydney. Price, 7/6.
REVIEWS
Authors: Stanner W. E. H.
Published: February 2015

Aboriginal Woman, Sacred and Profane. By Phyllis M. Kaberry. Pp. xxxi+278, 7 plates, and map, with index and bibliography. George Routledge and Sons Ltd., London, 1939. Price in England, 15/‐.
REVIEWS
Authors: Kaberry Phyllis M.
Published: February 2015

Society, The Individual and Change. With special reference to War and Other Present‐Day Problems. By A. P. Elkin. The Livingstone Lectures, 1940. Sydney, 1941. Pp. 91, with diagrams.
REVIEWS
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. By M. F. Ashley Montagu. Columbia University Press, 1942. Pp. 1–216. Price $2.25.
REVIEWS
Authors: Nadel S. F.
Published: February 2015

Transformation Scene. By Ian Hogbin. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. 1951 Pp. xii+376; 2 maps, 16 plates, Index
REVIEWS
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

Structure and Function in Primitive Society. By A. R. Radcliffe‐Brown. Cohen and West Ltd., London. 1952. Pp. 1–219. English prize, 21/– net.
REVIEWS
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

Statement on Race. By Ashley Montagu. Henry Schuman, New York. 1951. Pp. 1–172. Price $2.

On Being Human. By Ashley Montagu. Henry Schuman, New York. 1950. Pp. 1–125.
FILIATION AND AFFILIATION AMONG THE GADSUP
Authors: Toit Brian M. du
Published: February 2015

Then, too, did neighbours 'gin to league as friends, Eager to wrong no more or suffer wrong.—Lucretius, De Rerum Nature.
REVIEWS
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

Ayers Rock: Its People, Their Beliefs and Their Art. By C. P. Mountford. Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1965. Pp. i‐xvi, 1–208. Illustrated with five Colour Plates, 106 Black and White Plates, and 43 Test Figures. Price 65/‐ Aust., $A6.50.
REVIEWS
Authors: Crocombe R. G.
Published: February 2015

Problems of Smaller Territories. Edited by Burton Benedict. Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Commonwealth Papers No. 10, The Athlone Press, London, 1967. 153 pages £1.15.0 sterling.
REVIEWS
Authors: Capell A.
Published: February 2015

Die Religionen der Südsee und Australiens. By Hans Nevermann, Ernest A. Worms and Helmut Petri. Band 5, 2 of Die Religionen der Menschheit. Edited by Christel Matthias Schröder. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln, Mainz, 1968. Pp. 329.
REVIEWS
Authors: Miles Douglas
Published: February 2015

Loosely Structured Social Systems: Thailand in Comparative Perspective. Hans‐Dieter Evers (Ed.). Cultural Report Series, Southeast Asia Studies, Yale University, N.H. 1969. Pp. 1–148. Price $US6.50.
REVIEWS
Authors: Capell A.
Published: February 2015

Te Reo. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of New Zealand. Vol. 14. 1971. Auckland, New Zealand.
REVIEW
Authors: Capell A.
Published: February 2015

A Classified Dictionary of Modern Korean. By Hiroyuki Umeda. Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo Gaikokugo Daigaku. 1971. Pp. vi–224.
REVIEW
Authors: Elkin A. P.
Published: February 2015

I, the Very Bayonet; being Vol. I of “The Majesty of Colour”, a life of Sir John Bates Thurston. By Deryck Scarr. Pp. i–xxx, 1–370. Published by Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1973. Price $A10.95. ISBN 0 7081 0704 4.
REVIEW
Authors: Reay Marie
Published: February 2015

Habu: The Innovation of Meaning in Daribi Religion. By Roy Wagner. The University of Chicago Press, 1972. Pp. xi+186. Price $US12.00.
REVIEW
Authors: McArthur Norma
Published: February 2015

The Missionary Censuses of Hawaii. By Robert C. Schmitt, Honolulu, Pacific Anthrop. Records, No. 20. 1973. Pp. vi — 49. Price $US3.00.
Reviews
Authors: Cowlishaw Gill
Published: February 2015

Rites black and white. By Robert Brain. Penguin Books Ltd., 1979. Pp. x + 228. Price: $A3.95.
Reviews
Authors: White Isobel
Published: February 2015

A Black Reality: Aboriginal camps and housing in remote Australia. Edited By M. Heppell. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. 1979. Pp. x + 250. Price: (paper only) $9.95.
Reviews
Authors: Tomasetti Friedegard
Published: February 2015

Märchen aus Papua‐Neuguinea. By U. Schild (ed.). Düsseldorf, Eugen Diederichs Verlag. 1977. Pp. 269.
Reviews
Authors: Eades Diana
Published: February 2015

The Core of Walmatjari Grammar. By Joyce Hudson. Canberra, National Institute of Aboriginal Studies. 1978. Pp. viii + 116. Price: $A9.45.
Reviews
Authors: Capell A.
Published: February 2015

Texte von der insel Enggano (Berichte über eine untergehende Kultur). By Hans Kähler. Veröffentlichungen des Seminars für Indonesische und Südseesprachen der Universität Hamburg. Band 9. Berlin. 1975. Pp. xii + 148. Price: DM22.00.
Review
Authors: Capell A.
Published: February 2015

WAMPAR: Berichte über die alte Kultur eines Stammes in Papua Neu Guinea. By Hans Fischer. Publications of the Über‐See Museum of Bremen. Series G, Volume 2. Bremen, Museum Publishing House, 1978. Pp. viii + 350.
Review
Authors: Young Michael W.
Published: February 2015

Your Own Pigs You May Not Eat: A Comparative Study of New Guinea Societies. By Paula G. Rubel and Abraham Rosman. Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1979. Pp. xvi + 368. Price: $24.00.
Review
Authors: Stevenson Michael
Published: February 2015

Colonial Town to Melanesian City.: By N. D. Oram. The Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1976. Pp. v — 289, 1 table, 3 figures, 8 maps.
Review
Authors: Healey Chris
Published: February 2015

Persistence and Exchange.: By Roland W. Force and Brenda Bishop (editors). Honolulu, Pacific Science Association. 1981. Pp. ix + 155. Price $US10.00.
The Burthen of a Mystery
Authors: Freeman Derek
Published: February 2015

This article is a review of: Sala'ilua: A Samoan Mystery.; By Bradd Shore.; New York, Columbia University Press. 1982. Pp. xiv + 338. Price: $US36.40 cloth; $US18.20 paper.
Review
Authors: Norton Robert
Published: February 2015

Tahiti Nui — Change and survival in French Polynesia 1767–1945.: By Colin Newbury. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu 1980. Pp. xvi + 380.
Review
Authors: McLean Mervyn
Published: February 2015

Songs of the Pintupi: Musical Life in a Central Australian Society.: By Richard M. Moyle. Canberra, Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1979. Pp. vii +183.
Review
Authors: Maddock Kenneth
Published: February 2015

Why Tikopia Has Four Clans. By Antony Hooper, with a Comment by Raymond Firth. London, Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1981, Occasional Paper No. 38. Pp. vi + 70.
Review
Authors: Newell William H.
Published: February 2015

To Live Among the Stars. By John Garrett. Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva, 1982. Pp. xii + 412, 15 illustrations, 36 maps. Price $A12.00 paperback, $A17.50 hard cover.
Review
Authors: Robinson Kathy
Published: February 2015

Migration and its Alternatives Among the Iban of Sarawak. By Christine Padoch. Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal‐, Land‐ en Volkenkunde, 1982. Pp. x + 126. Price: Hf. 1.30.
Review
Authors: Bell Diane
Published: February 2015

Aborigines and Mining Royalties in the Northern Territory. By J. C. Altman. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra. 1983 Pp. xvii + 164. Price: $10.95 (paperback).
REVIEW
Authors: Allen Michael R.
Published: February 2015

The Kula: New Perspectives on Massim exchange. Edited by Jerry W. Leach and Edmund Leach Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983. Pp. 538. Price: $119.50.
REVIEW
Authors: Walsh Michael
Published: February 2015

Searching for Aboriginal Languages. Memoirs of a Fieldworker. By Bob Dixon St. Lucia. University of Queensland Press. Cloth $29.95 Paper $14.95. 1983.
REVIEW
Authors: Bavin E. L.
Published: February 2015

Papers in Warlpiri Grammar: In Memory of Lothar Jagst. Edited by S. Swartz. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1982. Pp. xii + 315. Price: $7.50.
REVIEW
Authors: Healey Chris
Published: February 2015

Melanesia: Beyond Diversity Edited by R.J. May and Hank Nelson Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies. The Australian National University. 1982. 2 Vols, pp. xii + 690. Price: $20
REVIEW
Authors: Marett Allan
Published: February 2015

Problems and Solutions: Occasional Essays in Musicology presented to Alice M. Moyle. Edited by Jamie C. Kassler and Jill Stubbington. Sydney: Hale and Ironmonger. 1984. Price: $29.95.
REVIEW
Authors: Sutton Peter
Published: February 2015

Interpreting Aboriginal Religion: An Historical Account By Tony Swain. Adelaide: Australian Association for the Study of Religions. 1985. Pp. x + 156. Price: $A9.95.