bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Kuriya Bindee , Solomon Daniel H. , Setoguchi Soko
Published: October 2012

Objective

To describe patterns of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use during pregnancy in a population‐based cohort, and to evaluate the association between autoimmune disease, DMARDs, corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and preeclampsia.

Methods

Using health care utilization databases from British Columbia (1997–2006), we compared the risk for preeclampsia among 44,786 women with and without autoimmune disease with study drug dispensings before pregnancy (past users) and before and during the first 20 gestational weeks (continuous users). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated.

Results

Only 414 women (0.1%) had a DMARD dispensing during pregnancy. The incidence of preeclampsia was 2.3% for past DMARD users, 2.7% for past corticosteroid users, and 2.9% for past NSAID users. Compared to past users, the continuous DMARD user RR was 2.29 (95% CI 0.81–6.44), and was 0.89 (95% CI 0.51–1.56) for corticosteroid and 0.84 (95% CI 0.63–1.10) for NSAID users. Compared to women without autoimmune disease, the delivery year–adjusted RR was 2.02 (95% CI 1.11–3.64) for women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The DMARD results were attenuated when antimalarials were excluded, and the delivery year–adjusted RR was 0.95 (95% CI 0.25–3.55) when the DMARD analysis was restricted to women with autoimmune disease.

Conclusion

Few women were exposed to DMARDs during pregnancy. We observed a 2‐fold increased risk of preeclampsia among women with SLE and a nonsignificant increase in risk in DMARD users. The DMARD and preeclampsia association was attenuated when antimalarials were excluded and null when restricted to women with autoimmune disease, which suggests the association is likely due to greater autoimmune disease severity in DMARD users.
Improved Triclosan Delivery by a Novel Silica‐Based Nanocomposite
Authors: Makarovsky Igor , Lellouche Jonathan , Lellouche Jean‐Paul , Banin Ehud
Published: October 2012

In this study, we report on the design, synthesis, and full characterization of a covalently‐linked, triclosan silica‐based nanoparticles (T‐SNPs), coated with a polyaminated shell (NH2‐T‐SNPs). Various techniques are used to elucidate and rationalize the potential biological mechanism of action of these novel nanoparticles. NH2‐T‐SNPs are found to be potently bactericidal with no detectable lag time for the antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. In this context, we also prove that triclosan is the chemical agent that mediated the bactericidal activity of these chemically‐modified NPs. The obtained experimental data allows us to pinpoint the actual minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of triclosan‐bound NPs by quantifying intracellular triclosan concentrations. Furthermore, we conduct preliminary cytotoxicity studies, which show that triclosan bound NPs are less cytotoxic (2000 fold) in vitro compared to free‐triclosan when tested with various human and mammalian cell lines. Taken together, our results further support the characterization and development of these new nanoscale materials for various biomedical applications.
Iron‐Catalyzed Amidation of Aldehydes with N‐Chloroamines
Authors: Porcheddu Andrea , Luca Lidia De
Published: October 2012

A new direct conversion of aldehydes to amides has been realized, in the presence of iron(III) chloride as a catalyst and using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. Both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes were successfully reacted with variously mono‐ and di‐substituted N‐chloroamines. The methodology has a wide substrate scope, uses cheap and easily available reagents and is characterized by short reaction times.
Precursor Decomposition, Microstructure, and Porosity of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films Prepared by Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Schlupp Meike V. F. , Martynczuk Julia , Prestat Michel , Gauckler Ludwig J.
Published: October 2012

Microstructures of yttria stabilized zirconia thin films deposited by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AA‐CVD) are correlated with the thermal decomposition behavior of the corresponding metal precursors, zirconium and yttrium 2,4‐pentanedionate. Process conditions of AA‐CVD are investigated with the aim of producing dense and compact YSZ thin films for applications as gas‐tight electrolyte. Based on systematic cross sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) investigations and conductivity measurements, the development of percolating nanoporosity is observed in samples prepared at temperatures between 350 °C and 600 °C at standard solution throughput. Compact columnar thin films with bulk conductivity are obtained at 600 °C by reducing the metal content of the precursor solution and at 450 °C by reducing the solution throughput.
In Situ Formation of MoO3 in PEDOT:PSS Matrix: A Facile Way to Produce a Smooth and Less Hygroscopic Hole Transport Layer for Highly Stable Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Shuyan , Liu Jian , Bergqvist Jonas , Shi Shengwei , Veit Clemens , Würfel Uli , Xie Zhiyuan , Zhang Fengling
Published: October 2012

A solution‐processed neutral hole transport layer is developed by in situ formation of MoO3 in aqueous PEDOT:PSS dispersion (MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS). This MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS composite film takes advantage of both the highly conductive PEDOT:PSS and the ambient conditions stability of MoO3; consequently it possesses a smooth surface and considerably reduced hygroscopicity. The resulting bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ PSC) based on poly[2,3‐bis‐(3‐octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline‐5,8‐diyl‐alt‐thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (TQ1):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) blends using MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS composite film as hole transport layer (HTL) show considerable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), from 5.5% to 6.4%, compared with the reference pristine PEDOT:PSS‐based device. More importantly, the device with MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS HTL shows considerably improved stability, with the PCE remaining at 80% of its original value when stored in ambient air in the dark for 10 days. In comparison, the reference solar cell with PEDOT:PSS layer shows complete failure within 10 days. This MoO3‐PEDOT:PSS implies the potential for low‐cost roll‐to‐roll fabrication of high‐efficiency polymer solar cells with long‐term stability at ambient conditions.
Prevalence of epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and low back pain in latino poultry workers and manual laborers
Authors: Rosenbaum Daryl A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Chen Haiying , Arcury Thomas A. , Schulz Mark R. , Blocker Jill N. , Mora Dana C. , Quandt Sara A.
Published: October 2012

Background

The goal of this study is to improve understanding of immigrant Latino manual workers' occupational health, focusing on upper body musculoskeletal injury.

Methods

Physical exams were conducted with a representative sample of 516 Latino poultry workers and manual laborers in western North Carolina; outcome measures were prevalence of epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and low back pain.

Results

Low back pain (n = 89; 17.2%) and rotator cuff syndrome (n = 76; 14.7%) indicated by physical exam was common. Epicondylitis was less common, but still frequent (n = 30; 5.8%). Prevalence of each outcome did not differ between poultry processing workers and other manual workers. Workers >40 years old had greater incidence of rotator cuff syndrome and epicondylitis.

Conclusions

Epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and low back pain are common in immigrant Latino workers, and may negatively impact long‐term health and contribute to occupational health disparities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:226–234, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dust exposure and the risk of cancer in cement industry workers in Korea
Authors: Koh Dong‐Hee , Kim Tae‐Woo , Jang SeungHee , Ryu Hyang‐Woo
Published: October 2012

Background

Cement is used widely in the construction industry, though it contains hazardous chemicals such as hexavalent chromium. Several epidemiological studies have examined the association between cement dust exposure and cancer, but these associations have proved inconclusive. In the present study, we examined the association between dust exposure and cancer in cement industry workers in Korea.

Methods

Our cohort consisted of 1,324 men who worked at two Portland cement manufacturing factories between 1997 and 2005. We calculated cumulative dust exposures, then categorized workers into high and low dust exposure groups. Cancer cases were identified between 1997 and 2005 by linking with the national cancer registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for all workers and the high and low dust exposure groups, respectively.

Results

The SIR for overall cancers in all workers was increased (1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.78). The SIR for stomach cancer in the high dust exposure group was increased (2.18, 95% CI: 1.19–3.65), but there was no increased stomach cancer risk in the low dust exposure group. The SIR for rectal cancer in all workers was increased (3.05, 95% CI: 1.32–6.02). Rectal cancer risk was similar in the high and low exposure groups.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a potential association between exposure in the cement industry and an increased risk of stomach and rectal cancers. However, due to the small number of cases, this association should be further investigated in a study with a longer follow‐up period and adjustment for confounders. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:276–281, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Digestion products of the PH20 hyaluronidase inhibit remyelination
Authors: Preston Marnie , Gong Xi , Su Weiping , Matsumoto Steven G. , Banine Fatima , Winkler Clayton , Foster Scott , Xing Rubing , Struve Jaime , Dean Justin , Baggenstoss Bruce , Weigel Paul H. , Montine Thomas J. , Back Stephen A. , Sherman Larry S.
Published: October 2012

Objective

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) recruited to demyelinating lesions often fail to mature into oligodendrocytes (OLs) that remyelinate spared axons. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) accumulates in demyelinating lesions and has been implicated in the failure of OPC maturation and remyelination. We tested the hypothesis that OPCs in demyelinating lesions express a specific hyaluronidase, and that digestion products of this enzyme inhibit OPC maturation.

Methods

Mouse OPCs grown in vitro were analyzed for hyaluronidase expression and activity. Gain of function studies were used to define the hyaluronidases that blocked OPC maturation. Mouse and human demyelinating lesions were assessed for hyaluronidase expression. Digestion products from different hyaluronidases and a hyaluronidase inhibitor were tested for their effects on OPC maturation and functional remyelination in vivo.

Results

OPCs demonstrated hyaluronidase activity in vitro and expressed multiple hyaluronidases, including HYAL1, HYAL2, and PH20. HA digestion by PH20 but not other hyaluronidases inhibited OPC maturation into OLs. In contrast, inhibiting HA synthesis did not influence OPC maturation. PH20 expression was elevated in OPCs and reactive astrocytes in both rodent and human demyelinating lesions. HA digestion products generated by the PH20 hyaluronidase but not another hyaluronidase inhibited remyelination following lysolecithin‐induced demyelination. Inhibition of hyaluronidase activity lead to increased OPC maturation and promoted increased conduction velocities through lesions.

Interpretation

We determined that PH20 is elevated in demyelinating lesions and that increased PH20 expression is sufficient to inhibit OPC maturation and remyelination. Pharmacological inhibition of PH20 may therefore be an effective way to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis and related conditions. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:266–280
Enhanced mechanical properties and bactericidal activity of polypropylene nanocomposite with dual‐function silica–silver core‐shell nanoparticles
Authors: Suktha Phansiri , Lekpet Kannika , Siwayaprahm Patcharaporn , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: October 2012

Dual‐function silica–silver core‐shell (SiO2@Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) with the core diameter of 17 ± 2 nm and the shell thickness of about 1.5 nm were produced using a green chemistry. The SiO2@Ag NPs were tested in vitro against gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli), both of which are human pathogens. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of the SiO2@Ag NPs based on Ag content are 4 and 10 μg mL−1 against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. These values are similar to those of Ag NPs. SiO2@Ag NPs were for the first time incorporated to a commodity polypropylene (PP) polymer. This yielded an advanced multifunctional polymer using current compounding technologies i.e., melt blending by twin‐screw extruder and solvent (toluene) blending. The composite containing 5 wt % SiO2@Ag NPs (0.05 wt % Ag) exhibited efficient bactericidal activity with over 99.99% reduction in bacterial cell viability and significantly improved the flexural modulus of the PP. Anodic stripping voltammetry, used to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of the composite, indicated that a bactericidal Ag+ agent was released from the composite in an aqueous environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Comparison of autoantibody specificities between traditional and bead‐based assays in a large, diverse collection of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and family members
Authors: Bruner Benjamin F. , Guthridge Joel M. , Lu Rufei , Vidal Gabriel , Kelly Jennifer A. , Robertson Julie M. , Kamen Diane L. , Gilkeson Gary S. , Neas Barbara R. , Reichlin Morris , Scofield R. Hal , Harley John B. , James Judith A.
Published: October 2012

Objective

Replacement of standard immunofluorescence methods with bead‐based assays for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is a new clinical option. The aim of this study was to evaluate a large, multiethnic cohort of patients with systemic lupus erytematosus (SLE), blood relatives, and unaffected control individuals for familial aggregation and subset clustering of autoantibodies by high‐throughput serum screening technology and traditional methods.

Methods

Serum samples (1,540 SLE patients, 1,154 unaffected relatives, and 906 healthy, population‐based controls) were analyzed for SLE autoantibodies using a bead‐based assay, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and immunodiffusion. Autoantibody prevalence, sensitivity for disease detection, clustering of autoantibodies, and associations between newer methods and standard immunodiffusion results were evaluated.

Results

The frequencies of ANAs in the sera from African American, Hispanic, and European American patients with SLE were 89%, 73%, and 67%, respectively, by BioPlex 2200 bead‐based assay and 94%, 84%, and 86%, respectively, by IIF. When comparing the serum prevalence of 60‐kd Ro, La, Sm, nuclear RNP A, and ribosomal P autoantibodies across assays, the sensitivity of detection ranged from 0.92 to 0.83 and the specificity ranged from 0.90 to 0.79. Autoantibody cluster analysis showed associations of autoantibody specificities in 3 subsets: 1) 60 kd Ro, 52‐kd Ro, and La, 2) spliceosomal proteins, and 3) double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), chromatin, and ribosomal P. Familial aggregation of Sm/RNP, ribosomal P, and 60‐kd Ro in SLE patient sibling pairs was observed (P ≤ 0.004). Simplex‐pedigree SLE patients had a greater prevalence of dsDNA (P = 0.0003) and chromatin (P = 0.005) autoantibodies compared to patients with a multiplex SLE pedigree.

Conclusion

The frequencies of ANAs detected by a bead‐based assay are lower than those detected by IIF in European American patients with SLE. These assays have strong positive predictive values across ethnic groups, provide useful information for clinical care, and provide unique insights into familial aggregation and autoantibody clustering.
Sustainable information practice: An ethnographic investigation
Authors: Nathan Lisa P.
Published: October 2012

This project develops the concept of sustainable information practice within the field of information science. The inquiry is grounded by data from a study of 2 ecovillages, intentional communities striving to ground their daily activities in a set of core values related to sustainability. Ethnographic methods employed for over 2 years resulted in data from hundreds of hours of participant observation, semistructured interviews with 22 community members, and a diverse collection of community images and texts. Analysis of the data highlights the tensions that arose and remained as community members experienced breakdowns between community values related to sustainability and their daily information practices. Contributions to the field of information science include the development of the concept of sustainable information practice, an analysis of why community members felt unable to adapt their information practices to better match community concepts of sustainability, and an assessment of the methodological challenges of information practice inquiry within a communal, nonwork environment. Most broadly, this work contributes to our larger understanding of the challenges faced by those attempting to identify and develop more sustainable information practices. In addition, findings from this investigation call into question previous claims that groups of individuals with strong value commitments can adapt their use of information tools to better support their values. In contrast, this work suggests that information practices can be particularly resilient to local, value‐based adaptation.
Contextual question answering for the health domain
Authors: Wong Wilson , Thangarajah John , Padgham Lin
Published: October 2012

Studies have shown that natural language interfaces such as question answering and conversational systems allow information to be accessed and understood more easily by users who are unfamiliar with the nuances of the delivery mechanisms (e.g., keyword‐based search engines) or have limited literacy in certain domains (e.g., unable to comprehend health‐related content due to terminology barrier). In particular, the increasing use of the web for health information prompts us to reexamine our existing delivery mechanisms. We present enquireMe, which is a contextual question answering system that provides lay users with the ability to obtain responses about a wide range of health topics by vaguely expressing at the start and gradually refining their information needs over the course of an interaction session using natural language. enquireMe allows the users to engage in “conversations” about their health concerns, a process that can be therapeutic in itself. The system uses community‐driven question–answer pairs from the web together with a decay model to deliver the top scoring answers as responses to the users' unrestricted inputs. We evaluated enquireMe using benchmark data from WebMD and TREC to assess the accuracy of system‐generated answers. Despite the absence of complex knowledge acquisition and deep language processing, enquireMe is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art question answering systems such as START as well as those interactive systems from TREC.
Leader‐Following Consensus of Multi‐Agent System with Diffusion
Authors: Guo Ling , Nian Xiaohong , Pan Huan
Published: October 2012

This paper is concerned with the leader‐following consensus problem for multi‐agent systems consisting of one stationary leader and multiple cooperative followers, where the controlling effect of each follower depends on its own state. It is noted that the influence of diffusion among followers is taken into account and the system is modeled by reaction‐diffusion equations. With the assumption of the followers' initial states, a linear control protocol is designed. Based on algebraic graph theory, the method of energy estimates, and Sobolev embedding theorem, the sufficient conditions guaranteeing the leader‐following consensus under the proposed control protocol are provided. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF A PROCEDURE USED BY PEDIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS
Authors: McGinnis Amy A. , Blakely Elbert Q. , Harvey Ada C. , Hodges Ansley C. , Rickards Joyce B.
Published: October 2012

Pediatric occupational therapists often use specific activities associated with deep pressure touch as a modality when providing services based in sensory integration theory. This study investigated the effects of these activities contingent on choice responding. Initially, preference assessments identified that activities such as being swaddled in a blanket or sandwiched between halves of a therapy mat were potential reinforcers for each of the three participants. Then, the stimuli were presented contingently under a two‐response concurrent schedule. The results suggested that for each participant, the application of these activities functioned as a positive reinforcer. Given that such activities are often used in pediatric occupational therapy interventions, the clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urban–rural disparities in colorectal cancer screening: cross‐sectional analysis of 1998–2005 data from the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study
Authors: Cole Allison M. , Jackson J. Elizabeth , Doescher Mark
Published: October 2012

Despite the existence of effective screening, colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Identification of disparities in colorectal cancer screening will allow for targeted interventions to achieve national goals for screening. The objective of this study was to contrast colorectal cancer screening rates in urban and rural populations in the United States. The study design comprised a cross‐sectional study in the United States 1998–2005. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 1998 to 2005 were the method and data source. The primary outcome was self‐report up‐to‐date colorectal cancer screening (fecal occult blood test in last 12 months, flexible sigmoidoscopy in last 5 years, or colonoscopy in last 10 years). Geographic location (urban vs. rural) was used as independent variable. Multivariate analysis controlled for demographic and health characteristics of respondents. After adjustment for demographic and health characteristics, rural residents had lower colorectal cancer screening rates (48%; 95% CI 48, 49%) as compared with urban residents (54%, 95% CI 53, 55%). Remote rural residents had the lowest screening rates overall (45%, 95% CI 43, 46%). From 1998 to 2005, rates of screening by colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy increased in both urban and rural populations. During the same time, rates of screening by fecal occult blood test decreased in urban populations and increased in rural populations. Persistent disparities in colorectal cancer screening affect rural populations. The types of screening tests used for colorectal cancer screening are different in rural and urban areas. Future research to reduce this disparity should focus on screening methods that are acceptable and feasible in rural areas.
Association of diabetes and perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sahin Ibrahim Halil , Shama Mohamed A. , Tanaka Motofumi , Abbruzzese James L. , Curley Steven A. , Hassan Manal , Li Donghui
Published: October 2012

Diabetes and perineural invasion are frequently observed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we tested possible relations between diabetes and perineural invasion in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. We conducted a retrospective study in 544 cases of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma seen at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center during 1996–2011. Information on tumor characteristics, diabetes history, and survival time was collected by personal interview and medical record review. Patients with diabetes before or at the time of the pancreatic cancer diagnosis were considered diabetes only. Pearson χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables in diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Kaplan–Meier plot, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional regression models were applied in survival analysis. The prevalence of diabetes and perineural invasion was 26.5% and 86.9%, respectively, in this study population. Patients with diabetes had a significantly higher prevalence of perineural invasion (92.4%) than those without diabetes (85%) (P = 0.025, χ2 test). Diabetes was not associated with other pathological characteristics of the tumor, such as tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and resection margin status. Diabetic patients had a significantly lower frequency of abdominal pain (P = 0.01), but a slightly higher frequency of weight loss (P = 0.078) as early symptoms of their cancer. Both diabetes and perineural invasion were related to worse survival and increased risk of death after adjusting for tumor grade and margin and node status (P = 0.036 and 0.019, respectively). The observed associations of diabetes and perineural invasion as well as reduced frequency of pain as early symptom of pancreatic cancer support the hypothesis that diabetes may contribute to pancreatic progression via the mechanism of nerve damage.
Two Synthetic Antibodies that Recognize and Neutralize Distinct Proteolytic Forms of the Ebola Virus Envelope Glycoprotein
Authors: Koellhoffer Jayne F. , Chen Gang , Sandesara Rohini G. , Bale Shridhar , Ollmann Saphire Erica , Chandran Kartik , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Lai Jonathan R.
Published: October 2012

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic member of the Filoviridae family of viruses that causes severe hemorrhagic fever. Infection proceeds through fusion of the host cell and viral membranes, a process that is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein (GP). Following endosomal uptake, a key step in viral entry is the proteolytic cleavage of GP by host endosomal cysteine proteases. Cleavage exposes a binding site for the host cell receptor Niemann‐Pick C1 (NPC1) and may induce conformational changes in GP leading to membrane fusion. However, the precise details of the structural changes in GP associated with proteolysis and the role of these changes in viral entry have not been established. Here, we have employed synthetic antibody technology to identify antibodies targeting EBOV GP prior to and following proteolysis (i.e. in the “uncleaved” [GPUNCL] and “cleaved” [GPCL] forms). We identified antibodies with distinct recognition profiles: FabCL bound preferentially to GPCL (EC50=1.7 nM), whereas FabUNCL bound specifically to GPUNCL (EC50=75 nM). Neutralization assays with GP‐containing pseudotyped viruses indicated that these antibodies inhibited GPCL‐ or GPUNCL‐mediated viral entry with specificity matching their recognition profiles (IC50: 87 nM for IgGCL; 1 μM for FabUNCL). Competition ELISAs indicate that FabCL binds an epitope distinct from that of KZ52, a well‐characterized EBOV GP antibody, and from that of the luminal domain of NPC1. The binding epitope of FabUNCL was also distinct from that of KZ52, suggesting that FabUNCL binds a novel neutralization epitope on GPUNCL. Furthermore, the neutralizing ability of FabCL suggests that there are targets on GPCL available for neutralization. This work showcases the applicability of synthetic antibody technology to the study of viral membrane fusion, and provides new tools for dissecting intermediates of EBOV entry.
Rare Earth‐doped Ceria Catalysts for ODHE Reaction in a Catalytic Modified MIEC Membrane Reactor
Authors: Lobera M. Pilar , Balaguer María , Garcia‐Fayos Julio , Serra José M.
Published: October 2012

An intensification process for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons integrates a catalytic reactor and an oxygen separation membrane. This work presents the study of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane at 1123 K in a catalytic membrane reactor based on mixed ionic‐electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes. The surface of a membrane made of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ has been activated using different porous catalytic layers based on rare earth‐doped cerias (fluorite structure) and the porous catalytic coating was deposited by screen printing (coating around 15 μm). The different catalyst formulations were developed by partial substitution of Ce and were synthesized by co‐precipitation followed by cobalt impregnation when required. Specifically, seven different catalysts based on the system Ce1−xLnxO2−δ (x=0.1 or 0.2; Ln=Tb, Pr, Er, Gd, and Tb+Er), including the effect of cobalt addition (2 % molar) in Ce0.8Tb0.2O2−δ, were studied. The ceria catalysts were studied by XRD, SEM, DC‐conductivity as a function of oxygen partial pressure, and the high‐temperature stability in a CO2 environment was assessed using thermogravimetry. Then, the influence of the ceria catalytic coating on the oxygen permeation flux through the MIEC membrane was studied using argon and methane as the sweep gas in the permeate side. Finally, oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane reaction tests were performed at 1123 K, as a function of the ethane concentration in the feed. The use of a disk‐shaped membrane in the reactor made it possible to prevent the direct contact of gaseous oxygen and hydrocarbons and thus to increase the ethylene yield. High ethylene yields (up to ≈84 %) were obtained using a catalytic coating based on 20 % Tb‐doped ceria including macropores produced by the addition of graphite platelets in the screen printing ink. The high yields obtained in this kind of catalytic membrane are attributed to the combination of: the high catalytic activity; the control of the oxygen concentration in the gas phase (reaction chamber); and the appropriate fluid dynamics, enabling the fast ethylene evacuation.
CPMD Simulation of a Bimolecular Chemical Reaction: Nucleophilic Attack of a Disulfide Bond under Mechanical Stress
Authors: Hofbauer Florian , Frank Irmgard
Published: October 2012

Previous single‐molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments showed a change in the reactivity of a bimolecular substitution reaction with a definite force acting on a protein containing disulfide bonds. Using Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations, we analyse the relevant reaction pathways for the breaking of a disulfide bond in the presence of nucleophiles.
Phosphorylated 3‐Heteroarylcoumarins and Their Use in Fluorescence Microscopy and Nanoscopy
Authors: Nizamov Shamil , Willig Katrin I. , Sednev Maksim V. , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: October 2012

Photostable and bright fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts are widely used as markers in far‐field optical microscopy, but the variety of useful dyes is limited. The present study introduces new 3‐heteroaryl coumarins decorated with a primary phosphate group (OP(O)(OH)2) attached to C‐4 in 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline fragment fused with the coumarin fluorophore. The general synthetic route is based on the Suzuki reaction of 3‐bromocoumarines with hetarylboronic acids followed by oxidation of the methyl group at the CC bond with SeO2 (to an aldehyde), reduction with NaBH4 (to an alcohol), and conversion into a primary phosphate. The 4 position in the coumarin system may be unsubstituted or bear a methyl group. Phosphorylated coumarins were found to have high fluorescence quantum yields in the free state and after conjugation with proteins (in aqueous buffers). In super‐resolution light microscopy with stimulated emission depletion (STED), the new coumarin dyes provide an optical resolution of 40–60 nm with a low background signal. Due to their large Stokes shifts and high photostability, phosphorylated coumarins enable to combine multilabel imaging (using one detector and several excitation sources) with diffraction unlimited optical resolution.
Mechanistic Origin of Cross‐Coupling Selectivity in Ni‐Catalysed Tishchenko Reactions
Authors: Yu Haizhu , Fu Yao
Published: October 2012

Mechanistic studies have been performed for the recently developed, Ni‐catalysed selective cross‐coupling reaction between aryl and alkyl aldehydes. A mono‐carbonyl activation (MCA) mechanism (in which one of the carbonyl groups is activated by oxidative addition) was found to be the most favourable pathway, and the rate‐determining step is oxidative addition. Analysing the origin of the observed cross‐coupling selectivity, we found the most favourable carbonyl activation step requires both coordination of the aryl aldehyde and oxidative addition of the alkyl aldehyde. Therefore, the stronger π‐accepting ability of the aryl aldehyde (relative to alkyl aldehyde) and the ease of oxidative addition of the alkyl aldehyde (relative to aryl aldehyde) are responsible for the cross‐coupling selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: TbGa2.64(4)Sn0.36(4) — A New Close‐Packed Structure Type.
Authors: Tokaychuk Ya. , Fedorchuk A.
Published: October 2012

The new title compound is synthesized by arc melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving the Performance of High Capacity Li‐Ion Anode Materials by Lithium Titanate Surface Coating.
Authors: Ji Ge , Ma Yue , Ding Bo , Lee Jim Yang
Published: October 2012

SnO2@Li4Ti5O12 core—shell composite particles are prepared by deposition of titania on hollow SnO2 nanoparticles followed by dispersion of the titania‐coated hollow tin oxide nanoparticles in aqueous LiOH solution (autoclave, 180 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Low Cost Synthesis of Earth Abundant Element Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Nanocrystals: Effect of Cu Concentrations.
Authors: Lee Jeong Yong , et al. et al.
Published: October 2012

Nanocrystals of the title compound are synthesized by sulfurization (5% H2S/N2, 550 °C, 1 h) of precursors obtained by microwave irradiation of solutions containing Cu(OAc)2, Zn(OAc)2, SnCl2, thioacetamide, and NH4OH.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Ru(II)—Pheox Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Terminal Olefins with Succinimidyl Diazoacetate.
Authors: Chanthamath Soda , Phomkeona Kesiny , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Iwasa Seiji
Published: October 2012

A novel two‐step procedure is developed for the synthesis of cyclopropylmethanol derivatives (IV) with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Alkylations of Aryl Sulfamates and Carbamates.
Authors: Silberstein Amanda L. , Ramgren Stephen D. , Garg Neil K.
Published: October 2012

Aryl sulfamates and carbamates are easily alkylated using Grignard reagents to provide polyfunctionalized arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO Mediated Oxidation of Fluorinated Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Ignatowska Jolanta , Shyshkov Oleg , Zipplies Tilman , Hintzer Klaus , Roeschenthaler Gerd‐Volker
Published: October 2012

The reaction can also be conducted with oxygen as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Bond Arylation of Benzylic Amines Using Aryl Halides.
Authors: Dastbaravardeh Navid , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: October 2012

Aryl iodides (IV) produce lower yields compared to bromides; aryl chlorides inhibit the reaction completely.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Addition of Chlorotitanium Enolate Derived from 2′‐Hydroxypropiophenone to Aldehydes.
Authors: Deng Guisheng , Mo Honghua
Published: October 2012

Usually the reaction of chlorotitanium enolate derived from 2′‐hydroxypropiophenone (I) with aldehydes produces syn‐aldol products (III) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Modular Approach to α,β‐Unsaturated N‐Aryl Ketonitrones.
Authors: Hood Tyler S. , Huehls C. Bryan , Yang Jiong
Published: October 2012

A modular approach to title compounds (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: [Pd(μ‐Br)(PtBu3)]2 as a Highly Active Isomerization Catalyst: Synthesis of Enol Esters from Allylic Esters.
Authors: Mamone Patrizia , Gruenberg Matthias F. , Fromm Andreas , Khan Bilal A. , Goossen Lukas J.
Published: October 2012

Compared to Pd(II) or Pd(0) catalysts, the Pd(I) dimer permits the double bond migration of a wide range of unsaturated substrates which can be further hydrogenated in the presence of a chiral system to optically active saturated esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of α‐Cyano α‐Sulfonyl Carbanions.
Authors: Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Goto Ayano , Ooi Takashi
Published: October 2012

The ability of the chiral triazolium salt for structural modularity and anion‐recognition allows for rigorous enantiocontrol.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fullerene‐Containing Methacrylates (I)
Authors: Torosyan Seda A. , Biglova Yulia N. , Mikheev Vladimir V. , Khalitova Zarina T. , Gimalova Fanuza A. , Miftakhov Mansur S.
Published: October 2012

via Bingel—Hirsch reaction
ChemInform Abstract: A New Knoevenagel‐Type Synthesis of Fully Substituted γ‐Hydroxybutenolides.
Authors: Lamberth Clemens , Godineau Edouard , Smejkal Tomas , Trah Stephan
Published: October 2012

A novel method is developed for the synthesis of fully substituted γ‐hydroxybutenolides via Knoevenagel‐type ring condensation of α‐methyleneketones and α‐ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: An Indium‐Mediated Allylative/Transesterification DFT‐Directed Approach to Chiral C(3)‐Functionalized Phthalides.
Authors: Mirabdolbaghi Roya , Dudding Travis
Published: October 2012

Using a solid support (R2: Merrifield resin), only the racemic phthalide (IIIa) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐1‐hydroxy‐1H‐indole‐5,6‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Filimonov S. I. , Chirkova Zh. V. , Sharunov V. S. , Abramov I. G. , Stashina G. A. , Firgang S. I. , Suponitsky K. Yu.
Published: October 2012

Reductive cyclization of readily available 4‐cyanomethyl‐5‐nitrophthalonitriles (III) using a solution of divalent tin in hydrochloric acid produces new indoledicarbonitriles (IV) in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: The Highly Enantioselective Addition of Indoles and Pyrroles to Isatins‐Derived N‐Boc Ketimines Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids.
Authors: Feng Jingchao , Yan Wenjin , Wang Dong , Li Peng , Sun Quantao , Wang Rui
Published: October 2012

This approach represents the first enantioselective aza‐Friedel—Crafts reaction with isatin‐derived ketimines as electrophiles catalyzed by chiral phosphonic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Dihydroxypyrrolidines via Modified Tandem Aza‐Payne/Hydroamination Pathway.
Authors: Kulshrestha Aman , Marzijarani Nastaran Salehi , Ashtekar Kumar Dilip , Staples Richard , Borhan Babak
Published: October 2012

The carboxylation of aziridine derivatives bearing a silylated propargylic alkoxy group proceeds in the presence of Bu4NF and NaHCO3 to afford the target fused enamine carbonates in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Xanthan Sulfuric Acid: An Efficient, Biosupported, and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of 4,4′‐(Arylmethylene)bis(1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ols).
Authors: Kuarm B. Suresh , Rajitha B.
Published: October 2012

All products are purified by recrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Transition Metal Free C—S Bond Formation: Synthesis of 2‐Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives via Base‐Mediated Approach.
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Zhi , Yue Liang , Pan Wei , Zhao Jun‐Jie
Published: October 2012

A broad spectrum of target compounds bearing N‐aryl parts at C‐2 is prepared under optimized conditions following 2 different approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Ni‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Triazolopyridines: Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridines.
Authors: Liu Sheng , Sawicki James , Driver Tom G.
Published: October 2012

The process tolerates a broad spectrum of alkyl‐and arylsubstituted alkynes: terminal or silyl‐substituted acetylenes are not converted.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Coumarin Bioisosteres—1,2‐Benzoxathiine 2,2‐Dioxides.
Authors: Grandane Aiga , Belyakov Sergey , Trapencieris Peteris , Zalubovskis Raivis
Published: October 2012

A general and reproducible protocol for preparation of the title compounds is developed with a view to studies on novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Alkynyl‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Novokshonov Vladimir V. , Novokshonova Irina A. , Nguyen Hien T. T. , Medvedeva Alevtina S.
Published: October 2012

The presented approach is compared to methods using hydrochloric acid in methanol or trimethyl chlorosilane in DMF and is found to give the best results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Novel Fused Azole Derivatives.
Authors: Soliman A. M. , Sultan A. A. , El Remaily M. A. A. , Abdel‐Ghany H.
Published: October 2012

Reaction of aminopyrazolecarbonitrile (I) with formic acid, formamide, thioacetamide, carbon disulfide and iso(thio)cyanates provides access to a variety of pyrazolo‐fused pyrimidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Macrocycles via Intramolecular and/or Bimolecular Ullmann Coupling.
Authors: Shen Li , Simmons Charles J. , Sun Dianqing
Published: October 2012

Various macrocyclic diaryl ethers are prepared via microwave assisted intramolecular or intermolecular Ullmann coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Dibenzo[b,f]pyrazolo[1,5‐d][1,4]oxazepines: Facile Construction of a Rare Heterocyclic System via Tandem Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution—Smiles Rearrangement—Denitrocyclization.
Authors: Sapegin Alexander V. , Kalinin Stanislav A. , Smirnov Alexey V. , Dorogov Mikhail V. , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2012

The process allows the access to various derivatives of the important drug skeleton (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Leishmanicidal Active Withanolides from a Pakistani Medicinal Plant, Withania coagulans.
Authors: Kuroyanagi Masanori , Murata Miki , Nakane Takahisa , Shirota Osamu , Sekita Setsuko , Fuchino Hiroyuki , Shinwari Zabta K.
Published: October 2012

Four new withanolides are isolated along with seven known withanolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Diphyllin Glycosides as Novel Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Zhao Yu , Ni Chunyan , Zhang Yuting , Zhu Li
Published: October 2012

Title compounds (I) are synthesized starting from diphyllin and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against four cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskites in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Gazda M. , Jasinski P. , Kusz B. , Bochentyn B. , Gdula‐Kasica K. , Lendze T. , Lewandowska‐Iwaniak W. , Mielewczyk‐Gryn A. , Molin S.
Published: October 2012

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Octahedral Rotations: A Path to New Multifunctional Materials
Authors: Benedek Nicole A. , Mulder Andrew T. , Fennie Craig J.
Published: October 2012

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From Spin Induced Ferroelectricity to Dipolar Glasses: Spinel Chromites and Mixed Delafossites
Authors: Maignan A. , Martin C. , Singh K. , Simon Ch. , Lebedev O. I. , Turner S.
Published: October 2012

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterocycles by Domino‐Knoevenagel—Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Taher Abu , Nandi Raj Kumar
Published: October 2012

Review: [pyran, pyranopyran, pyran‐thiopyran, [6,5]‐pyranopyrrole, [6,6]‐pyranopyridine; 86 refs.].
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Methodologies for the β‐Boration of Conjugated Electron Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Calow Adam D. J. , Whiting Andrew
Published: October 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Semisynthesis of Posttranslationally Modified Proteins
Authors: Siman Peter , Brik Ashraf
Published: October 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Acrylate Grafted Polystyrene Resin for Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Rongyue , Li Qiang , Zhang Jing , Li Juan , Ma Guanghui , Su Zhiguo
Published: October 2012

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Direct Synthesis of Bis(boronate) Compounds
Authors: Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: October 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave and Conventional Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Activity
Authors: Chandak Shilpa , Sharma Dipak , Sharma Vimukta , Dubey Arti
Published: October 2012

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Substitutions Catalyzed by Miscellaneous Metals
Authors: Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Weickmann Daniel , Plietker Bernd
Published: October 2012

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Self‐Assembled Ligands in Asymmetric Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Bellini Rosalba , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Reek Joost N. H.
Published: October 2012

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Self‐Assembly: Producing Synthetic Polymers with Precise and Concise Primary Structures
Authors: Avestro Alyssa‐Jennifer , Belowich Matthew E. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: October 2012

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Imaging Beyond the Proteome
Authors: Chang Pamela V. , Bertozzi Carolyn R.
Published: October 2012

Review: [recent development of emerging technologies that enable imaging beyond the proteome, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Methylthioxylose — A Jewel in the Mycobacterial Crown?
Authors: Turnbull W. Bruce , Stalford Susanne A.
Published: October 2012

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Microcapsules and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tong Weijun , Song Xiaoxue , Gao Changyou
Published: October 2012

Review: 306 refs.
Solvent screening for non‐aqueous extraction of Alberta oil sands
Authors: Nikakhtari Hossein , Vagi Lisa , Choi Phillip , Liu Qi , Gray Murray R.
Published: October 2012

Non‐aqueous extraction of bitumen from oil sands has the potential to reduce fresh water demand of the extraction process and eliminate tailings ponds. In this study, different light hydrocarbon solvents, including aromatics, cycloalkanes, biologically derived solvents and mixtures of solvents were compared for extraction of bitumen from Alberta oil sands at room temperature and ambient pressure. The solvents are compared based on bitumen recovery, the amount of residual solvent in the extracted oil sands tailings and the content of fine solids in the extracted bitumen. The extraction experiments were carried out in a multistage process with agitation in rotary mixers and vibration sieving. The oil sands tailings were dried under ambient conditions, and their residual solvent contents were measured by a purge and trap system followed by gas chromatography. The elemental compositions of the extraction tailings were measured to calculate bitumen recovery. Supernatants from the extraction tests were centrifuged to separate and measure the contents of fine solid particles. Except for limonene and isoprene, the tested solvents showed good bitumen recoveries of around 95%. The solvent drying rates and residual solvent contents in the extracted oil sands tailings correlated to solvent vapour pressure. The contents of fine solids in the extracted bitumen (supernatant) were below 2.9% for all solvents except n‐heptane‐rich ones. Based on these findings, cyclohexane is the best candidate solvent for bitumen extraction, with 94.4% bitumen recovery, 5 mg of residual solvent per kilogram of extraction tailings and 1.4 wt% fine solids in the recovered bitumen. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering