bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
With Bayesian estimation one can get all that Bayes factors offer, and more
Authors: Tendeiro Jorge N. , Kiers Henk A. L.
Published: September 2022

In classical statistics, there is a close link between null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and parameter estimation via confidence intervals. However, for the Bayesian counterpart, a link between null hypothesis Bayesian testing (NHBT) and Bayesian estimation via a posterior distribution is less straightforward, but does exist, and has recently been reiterated by Rouder, Haaf, and Vandekerckhove (2018). It hinges on a combination of a point mass probability and a probability density function as prior (denoted as the spike-and-slab prior). In the present paper, it is first carefully explained how the spike-and-slab prior is defined, and how results can be derived for which proofs were not given in Rouder, Haaf, and Vandekerckhove (2018). Next, it is shown that this spike-and-slab prior can be approximated by a pure probability density function with a rectangular peak around the center towering highly above the remainder of the density function. Finally, we will indicate how this ‘hill-and-chimney’ prior may in turn be approximated by fully continuous priors. In this way, it is shown that NHBT results can be approximated well by results from estimation using a strongly peaked prior, and it is noted that the estimation itself offers more than merely the posterior odds on which NHBT is based. Thus, it complies with the strong APA requirement of not just mentioning testing results but also offering effect size information. It also offers a transparent perspective on the NHBT approach employing a prior with a strong peak around the chosen point null hypothesis value.
Simultaneous clustering and variable selection: A novel algorithm and model selection procedure
Authors: Yuan Shuai , De Roover Kim , Van Deun Katrijn
Published: September 2022

The growing availability of high-dimensional data sets offers behavioral scientists an unprecedented opportunity to integrate the information hidden in the novel types of data (e.g., genetic data, social media data, and GPS tracks, etc.,) and thereby obtain a more detailed and comprehensive view towards their research questions. In the context of clustering, analyzing the large volume of variables could potentially result in an accurate estimation or a novel discovery of underlying subgroups. However, a unique challenge is that the high-dimensional data sets likely involve a significant amount of irrelevant variables. These irrelevant variables do not contribute to the separation of clusters and they may mask cluster partitions. The current paper addresses this challenge by introducing a new clustering algorithm, called Cardinality K-means or CKM, and by proposing a novel model selection strategy. CKM is able to perform simultaneous clustering and variable selection with high stability. In two simulation studies and an empirical demonstration with genetic data, CKM consistently outperformed competing methods in terms of recovering cluster partitions and identifying signaling variables. Meanwhile, our novel model selection strategy determines the number of clusters based on a subset of variables that are most likely to be signaling variables. Through a simulation study, this strategy was found to result in a more accurate estimation of the number of clusters compared to the conventional strategy that utilizes the full set of variables. Our proposed CKM algorithm, together with the novel model selection strategy, has been implemented in a freely accessible R package.
Prevalence norms for 40,777 Catalan words: An online megastudy of vocabulary size
Authors: Guasch Marc , Boada Roger , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Ferré Pilar
Published: September 2022

In this study, we present word prevalence data (i.e., the number of people who know a given word) for 40,777 Catalan words. An online massive visual lexical decision task involving more than 200,000 native speakers of this language was carried out. The characteristics of the participants as well as those of the words which mostly influence word knowledge were examined. Regarding the participants, the analysis of the data revealed that their age was the main factor influencing vocabulary size, followed by their educational level and other variables such as the number of languages spoken and their level of proficiency in Catalan. Concerning the words, by far the most determining factor was lexical frequency, with a minor influence of both length and the size of the orthographic neighborhood. These data mainly agree with those reported in other languages in which the same variables have been analyzed (Dutch, English, and Spanish, thus far). Therefore, the list is increased with Catalan, a language which, due to its use in an essentially bilingual context, is of special interest to researchers interested in the field of bilingualism and second language acquisition.
Derivatives of benzo-1,4-thiazine-3-carboxylic acid and the corresponding amino acid conjugates
Authors: Kisszékelyi Péter , Peňaška Tibor , Stankovianska Klára , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan
Published: September 2022

Herein, we present the synthesis and utilization of derivatives of 4H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid. These benzothiazine compounds were assembled via the coupling of aminothiols and bromopyruvates. Oxidative dimerization of these starting materials was also observed and the corresponding benzothiazine dimers were isolated. Moreover, the coupling of benzothiazines with amino acids was realized. In doing so, an enantioselective synthesis of the nonproteinogenic amino acid 2-amino-3-propylhexanoic acid was accomplished.
Influences of European Existentialism on Syed Waliullah’s Chander Amabassya
Authors: Ehsan Jayed Ul
Published: September 2022

Some theorists and authors, after the WWII, attempted to focus on the concept of meaning and meaninglessness of life and its inevitability in society. Though the concept dates back to the ancient period, as a literary issue, it has been popularized following two World Wars. Existentialism, as a concept, was coined in the late nineteenth century by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in his Either/Or (1843). Later on, Albert Camus, Franz Kafka, and Jean-Paul Sartre became well-known for their vivid use of the notion in their writings that emphasized and promoted ultimate freedom. As a result, they have garnered a sizable following worldwide. However, Syed Waliullah was the first novelist among his contemporaries who applied this concept to his works. Chander Amabassya (Night of No Moon) is one of them, with his search for the meaning of life and truth-bearing a strong continental philosophical impact. This article discusses how Waliulla's novel gets influenced by Camus, Kafka, and Sartre's concepts while retaining its uniqueness. Furthermore, it elucidates how the narrative of Chander Amabassya sheds light upon the vital issues of Existentialism.
Between Barkat and the Little Ibtisam: Feminine Memory and Thereby Narrative in Ibtisam Barakat’s Tasting the Sky: A Palestinian Childhood
Authors: Alnwairan Met'eb Ali , Al-Jarrah Hamzeh Ahmad
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the idea of the feminine memory and its role in re/establishing a new dimension of Palestinian history in Ibtisam Barakat’s Tasting the Sky: A Palestinian Childhood (2007). The article draws on several core concepts in postcolonial studies, including diaspora narrative, trauma, and memory as well as Fatma Kassem’s study of the oral narratives of Palestinian women who witnessed the events of the 1948 War. Instead of being a mere memetic text that reflects historical incidents in literature, Tasting the Sky sheds light on the impact of traumatic experiences on both memory and the writing/narrative process. This feminine memory, focusing on traumatic experiences, seeks to construct a healing narrative that comes to terms with the traumatic past of the individual and the collective, and as a result, creates new realities. The novel demonstrates how memory and narrative can be encapsulated in a literary-political project, not merely to represent reality but to recreate it, recreating history from a countless number of scattered, traumatic, not-yet-graspable moments about a lost Home. We argue that this feminine memory is manifested through three perspectives: The domestic sphere, the female body and the female language.
Heat Transfer Study in Cylindrical Cavity with Heat Absorption or Generation
Authors: Nor Azwadi Che Sidik  , Raoudha Chaabane  , Hong Wei Xian
Published: September 2022

Lattice Boltzmann mesoscopic (LBM) is applied to solve energy equation of a transient conduction radiation heat transfer problem in a two-dimensional cylindrical participating (absorbing, emitting and scattering) medium in the presence of heat generation/absorption coefficient. Control volume finite element method (CVFEM) formulation is used to obtain the radiative information. To study the effectiveness of the LBM-CVFEM combination on unsteady conduction-radiation problems in cylindrical media, the energy equation of the problem is also solved using the ﬁnite difference method (FDM) in which the CVFEM is used to compute radiative information. The effects of heat generation/absorption coefficient on temperature distributions in the medium are studied. Results of the present work are benchmarked against those available in the literature. The hybrid numerical model’s results are also compared with those obtained by the FDM-CVFEM combination. All the results presented in this work show that the present method is accurate and valuable for the analysis of cylindrically axisymmetric radiative heat transfer problems .
Investigation of Inner Elliptical Pin-Fins Configuration on Magnetoconvective Heat Transfer
Authors: Raoudha Chaabane  , Nor Azwadi Che Sidik  , Hong Wei Xian
Published: September 2022

This paper deals with Lattice Boltzmann computation of two-dimensional incompressible flow past two heat elliptical sinks vertically attached to the horizontal walls of a cavity in the presence of magnetic field. A two dimensional nine-velocity square lattice Boltzmann (D2Q9) model is used. The obtained results show that the applied Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) can effectively capture vortex shedding structures and other features inside such complex flow. The present study has been carried out for Hartmann numbers with panoply of heat sinks location. Results show that the heat sinks positions greatly influence the heat transfer rate depending on the Hartmann number.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Jumping Distance Prediction of Male Long Jumpers
Authors: UÇAR Murat , İNCETAŞ Mürsel Ozan , BAYRAKTAR Işık , ÇİLLİ Murat
Published: September 2022

The long jump is defined as an athletic event, and it has also been a standard event in modern Olympic Games. The purpose of the athletes is to make the distance as far as possible from a jumping point. The main purpose of this study was to determine the most successful machine learning algorithm in the prediction of the long jump distance of male athletes. In this paper, we used age and velocity variables for predicting the long jump performance of athletes. During the research, 328 valid jumps belonging to 73 Turkish male athletes were used as data. In determining the most successful algorithm, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), R2 score, Explained Variance Score (EVS), and Mean Squared Logarithmic Error (MSLE) values were taken into consideration. The outcomes of the analysis showed that long jump performance can be determined by chosen independent variables. The 5-fold cross-validation technique was used for the performance evaluation of the models. As a result of the experimental tests, the Gradient Boosting Regression Trees (GBRT) algorithm reached the best result with an MSE value of 0.0865. In this study, it was concluded that the machine learning approach suggested can be used by trainers to determine the long jump performance of male athletes.
Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmeni Yetiştirme Programlarının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi: Türkiye – Çekya Örneği
Authors: YEŞİLYURT Ahmet Selçuk , GÖRAL Kemal
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma, Türkiye ve Çekya’daki Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmeni yetiştirme programlarının karşılaştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Palacky Üniversitesi ile Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi’nin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin öğretim programları, benzeyen ve farklılaşan yönler bakımından, müfredatta yer alan dersler incelenerek analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, çalışmanın Türkiye ve Çekya ayağını oluşturan programlarındaki mevcut dökümanlar incelenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, her iki müfredatta yer alan teorik dersler açısından, anatomi, iletişim, İngilizce, hukuk, psikoloji, sporun temelleri, beden eğitimi ve spor tarihi, ilk yardım, beslenme, araştırma yöntemleri gibi konulardaki derslerin benzerliği görülmektedir. Diğer taraftan uygulamalı dersler açısından, cimnastik, takım sporları, atletizm, ritim eğitimi, yüzme, savunma sporları, eğitsel oyunlar, öğretmenlik uygulaması gibi konulardaki derslerin benzerliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği programından mezun olma şartı en az 240 AKTS iken Çekya’da 180 AKTS’dir. Türkiye’deki seçmeli ders sayısı Çekya’daki seçmeli ders sayısından fazlayken, zorunlu derslerin oranları ise Türkiye’de %68,66; Çekya’da ise %60,23 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, Türkiye’de Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmeni adayı bir öğrencinin program müfredatında yer alan derslerin %75,44’ü teorik eğitim ders saatlerinden meydana gelirken, bu oran Çekya’da %51,23 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu noktadan hareketle, teorik ve uygulama ders saatlerinin Çekya’da birbirine çok yakın oranlarda olduğu, ancak Türkiye’de büyük çoğunluğunu teorik ders saatlerinin oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, her iki ülkenin Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği programlarında yer alan hem seçmeli hem de zorunlu alana özgü bazı temel derslerin benzer ya da farklı isimler altında da olsa içerik, derslerin amaçları ve kazanımları bakımından benzerlik gösterdiği söylenebilir.
Dinamika Proses Produksi Berita oleh Jurnalis Media Online di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Vinanda Rufki Ade , Ahmad Nyarwi
Published: September 2022

This article is directed to evaluate the development of mass media organisation’s routine and its concequences on the news production carried out by the Indonesian journalists in the Covid-19 pandemic era. Focusing on such issues, it selects Detik.com, Tribunnews.com, Suara.com, and VOI.id as cases and adopts Shoemaker and Reese's theory of hierarchical influencial model. Online observation was taken and in-depth interview data were collected from journalists who have been associated with these online media. Extraction of these observation’s notes and in-depth interview data indicate that not merely the external factors, but also the internal factors transformed the new media production conducted by these journalists. One of the internal factors that was being influential is the media routine. This includes the time line and workflow of the media organization, characteristics of the media organization, the ways to access the news sources and the audiences’ types targeted by the media and their preferences to the news. These factors took place as influential factors that determined the ways these journalist selects the issues and defined the contents related with the covid-19 pandemic that would be published by the aforementioned online media.
Pribumi Digital Moderat: Profil Kecakapan Komunikasi Digital Generasi Z
Authors: Badri Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan media digital mendorong tumbuhnya kreativitas sekaligus memunculkan beragam persoalan etis. Untuk mendorong dampak positif maka penggunanya harus memiliki kecakapan komunikasi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecakapan komunikasi digital generasi Z, studi dilakukan di Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei  pada 150 generasi Z mewakili perkotaan dan perdesaan. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan variabel empat dimensi kecakapan digital: informasi, komunikasi, pemecahan masalah, dan pengembangan konten. Penelitian ini menemukan, persentase tinggi pada semua indikator kecakapan informasi yang menunjukkan literasi digital generasi Z relatif baik karena mampu memilih website dan media sosial kredibel. Kecakapan komunikasi menunjukkan persentase tinggi pada semua indikator, bahkan sangat tinggi pada indikator kemampuan berkomunikasi dalam lingkungan digital dan kemampuan menghargai perbedaan, seperti agama, budaya, gender, dan status sosial. Kecakapan pemecahan masalah digital menunjukkan persentase tinggi pada semua indikator, terutama kemampuan memutuskan penggunaan platform digital sesuai tujuan dan kebutuhan. Sementara itu, kecakapan mengembangkan konten cenderung rendah dalam menghasilkan konten kreatif dan mengelola hak dan lisensi. Temuan ini menyimpulkan bahwa generasi Z merupakan pribumi digital yang moderat terhadap perbedaan kultur digital dan responsif terhadap perkembangan media digital. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan literasi digital khususnya pengembangan konten kreatif dan kekayaan intelektual.
On the Accuracy of Three-dimensional Kinematic Distances
Authors: Reid M. J.
Published: September 2022

Over the past decade, the BeSSeL Survey and the VERA project have measured trigonometric parallaxes to ≈250 massive, young stars using VLBI techniques. These sources trace spiral arms over nearly half of the Milky Way. What is now needed are accurate distances to such stars that are well past the Galactic center. Here we analyze the potential for addressing this need by combining line-of-sight velocities and proper motions to yield three-dimenensional (3D) kinematic distance estimates. For sources within about 10 kpc of the Sun, significant systematic uncertainties can occur, and trigonometric parallaxes are generally superior. However, for sources well past the Galactic center, 3D kinematic distances are robust and more accurate than can usually be achieved by trigonometic parallaxes.
Image Subtraction in Fourier Space
Authors: Hu Lei , Wang Lifan , Chen Xingzhuo , Yang Jiawen
Published: September 2022

Image subtraction is essential for transient detection in time-domain astronomy. The point-spread function (PSF), photometric scaling, and sky background generally vary with time and across the field of view for imaging data taken with ground-based optical telescopes. Image subtraction algorithms need to match these variations for the detection of flux variability. An algorithm that can be fully parallelized is highly desirable for future time-domain surveys. Here we introduce the saccadic fast Fourier transform (SFFT) algorithm we developed for image differencing. SFFT uses a δ-function basis for kernel decomposition, and the image subtraction is performed in Fourier space. This brings about a remarkable improvement in computational performance of about an order of magnitude compared to other published image subtraction codes. SFFT can accommodate the spatial variations in wide-field imaging data, including PSF, photometric scaling, and sky background. However, the flexibility of the δ-function basis may also make it more prone to overfitting. The algorithm has been tested extensively on real astronomical data taken by a variety of telescopes. Moreover, the SFFT code allows for the spatial variations of the PSF and sky background to be fitted by spline functions.
Extremely Slow (V
sw < 300 km s−1) Solar Winds (ESSWs) at 1 au: Causes of Extreme Geomagnetic Quiet at Earth
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Hajra Rajkumar
Published: September 2022

A search for extremely slow (V
sw < 300 km s−1) solar winds (ESSWs) at 1 au has been conducted using hourly average solar wind data from 1963 through 2021. 297 ESSW events were identified with an average duration of ∼2.0 ± 1.4 days. The lowest speed detected was 156 km s−1. Ten of the lowest-speed events were analyzed in detail. It was found that all 10 events were located at the ends of high-speed solar wind (HSSW) streams. The termination of the ESSWs was caused by high-density plasmas, either a corotating interaction region associated with the next HSSW stream or a heliospheric plasma sheet encounter. There was a greater occurrence of ESSW events in solar cycles 23 and 24 than in previous solar cycles. This phenomenon is associated with the much lower solar activity during these two cycles. The decrease in solar polar open magnetic fields was accompanied by an increase in low and midlatitude open magnetic fields. The ESSWs were accompanied by low interplanetary magnetic fields (4.4 ± 2.1 nT) and low negative interplanetary B
z fields (−1.7 ± 1.5 nT), which led to extreme geomagnetic quiet: AE = 67 ± 78 nT and Dst = 2.2 ± 9.9 nT. We encourage magnetospheric researchers to use ESSW events to better understand the ground states of the magnetosphere and ionosphere.
Diagnosing FU Ori-like Sources: The Parameter Space of Viscously Heated Disks in the Optical and Near-infrared
Authors: Liu Hanpu , Herczeg Gregory J. , Johnstone Doug , Contreras-Peña Carlos , Lee Jeong-Eun , Yang Haifeng , Zhou Xingyu , Yoon Sung-Yong , Lee Ho-Gyu , Kunitomo Masanobu , Jose Jessy
Published: September 2022

FU Ori-type objects (FUors) are decades-long outbursts of accretion onto young stars that are strong enough to viscously heat disks so that the disk outshines the central star. We construct models for FUor objects by calculating emission components from a steady-state viscous accretion disk, a passively-heated dusty disk, magnetospheric accretion columns, and the stellar photosphere. We explore the parameter space of the accretion rate

M

̇

and stellar mass M
* to investigate implications on the optical and near-infrared spectral energy distribution and spectral lines. The models are validated by fitting to multiwavelength photometry of three confirmed FUor objects, FU Ori, V883 Ori, and HBC 722, and then comparing the predicted spectra to the observed optical and infrared spectra. The brightness ratio between the viscous disk and the stellar photosphere, η, provides an important guide for identifying viscous accretion disks, with η = 1 (“transition line”) and η = 5 (“sufficient dominance line”) marking turning points in diagnostics, evaluated here in the near-infrared. These turning points indicate the emergence and complete development of FUor-characteristic strong CO absorption, weak metallic absorption, the triangular spectral continuum shape in the H band, and location in color–magnitude diagrams. Lower M
* and higher

M

̇

imply larger η; for M
* = 0.3 M
⊙, η = 1 corresponds to

M

̇

=
2

×

10

−
7

M

⊙

yr−1 and η = 5 to

M

̇

=
6

×

10

−
7

M

⊙

yr−1. The “sufficient dominance line” also coincides with the expected accretion rate where accreting material directly reaches the star. We discuss implications of the models on extinction diagnostics, FUor brightening timescales, viscous disks during initial protostellar growth, and eruptive young stellar objects associated with FUors.
Identification and Parameter Determination of F-type Herbig Stars from LAMOST DR8
Authors: Zhang Yun-Jin , Luo A-Li , Jiang Biwei , Hou Wen , Zuo Fang , Du Bing , Li Shuo , Zhao Yong-Heng
Published: September 2022

We identify 20 F-type Herbig stars and provide a list of 22 pre-main-sequence candidates from LAMOST DR8. The effective temperature, distance, extinction, stellar luminosity, mass, age, and radius are derived for each Herbig star based on optical spectra, photometry, Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, and pre-main-sequence evolutionary tracks. According to spectral energy distribution, 19 F-type Herbig stars belong to Class II YSOs, and one belongs to the flat-spectrum class. Four have Spitzer IRS spectra, of which three show extremely weak polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions, and three with both amorphous and crystalline silicate emissions share similar parameters and are at the same evolutionary stage. We detect a solar-nearby outbursting EXor Herbig star J034344.48+314309.3, a possible precursor of a Herbig Ae star. Intense emission lines of H i, He i, O i, Na i, and Ca ii originating from the rapid accretion during the outbursts are detected in its optical spectra, and silicate emission features are detected in its infrared spectrum. We also conduct a statistical analysis of the disk properties of all known Herbig stars using the defined infrared spectral indices (

α

J
−

K

S

and

α

K

S

−
W
3

). The proportion of Herbig stars with moderate infrared excesses decreases as effective temperature increases. The majority of the precursors (F, G, or K type) have moderate infrared excesses. Hotter Herbig stars tend to have a larger proportion with large infrared excesses. The trends may be due to the fact that hotter stars have larger areas of re-emitting dust, although there is some scatter due to the particularities of each disk.
The Physical Properties of Low-redshift FeLoBAL Quasars. III. The Location and Geometry of the Outflows
Authors: Choi 최 Hyunseop 현섭 , Leighly Karen M. , Dabbieri Collin , Terndrup Donald M. , Gallagher Sarah C. , Richards Gordon T.
Published: September 2022

We present continued analysis of a sample of low-redshift iron low-ionization broad-absorption-line quasars (FeLoBALQs). Choi et al. presented SimBAL spectral analysis of broad-absorption-line (BAL) outflows in 50 objects. Leighly et al. analyzed the optical emission lines of 30 of those 50 objects and found that they are characterized by either a high accretion rate (L
Bol/L
Edd > 0.3) or low accretion rate (0.03 < L
Bol/L
Edd < 0.3). We report that the outflow velocity is inversely correlated with the BAL location among the high-accretion-rate objects, with the highest velocities observed in parsec-scale outflows. In contrast, the low-Eddington-ratio objects showed the opposite trend. We confirmed the known relationship between the outflow velocity and L
Bol/L
Edd and found that the scatter plausibly originates in the force multiplier (launch radius) in the low(high)-accretion-rate objects. A log volume filling factor between −6 and −4 was found in most outflows but was as high as −1 for low-velocity compact outflows. We investigated the relationship between the observed [O iii] emission and that predicted from the BAL gas. We found that these could be reconciled if the emission-line covering fraction depends on the Seyfert type and BAL location. The difference between the predicted and observed [O iii] luminosity is correlated with the outflow velocity, suggesting that [O iii] emission in high-Eddington-ratio objects may be broad and hidden under Fe ii emission. We suggest that the physical differences in the outflow properties as a function of location in the quasar and accretion rate point to different formation, acceleration, and confinement mechanisms for the two FeLoBALQ types.
A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry
Authors: Pizzetti A. , Torres-Albà N. , Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Silver R. , Zhao X.
Published: September 2022

Active galactic nuclei are powered by accreting supermassive black holes, surrounded by a torus of obscuring material. Recent studies have shown how the torus structure, formerly thought to be homogeneous, appears to be “patchy”: the detection of variability in the line-of-sight hydrogen column density, in fact, matches the description of an obscurer with a complex structure made of clouds with different column density. In this work, we perform a multiepoch analysis of the X-ray spectra of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7479 in order to estimate its torus properties, such as the average column density and the covering factor. The measurement of the line-of-sight hydrogen column density variability of the torus allows us to obtain an upper limit on the cloud distance from the central engine. In addition, using the X-ray luminosity of the source, we estimate the Eddington ratio to be in a range of λ
Edd = 0.04–0.05 over all epochs.
An Extensive Study of Blazar Broad Emission Line: Changing-look Blazars and the Baldwin Effect
Authors: Xiao Hubing , Fan Junhui , Ouyang Zhihao , Hu Liangjun , Chen Guohai , Fu Liping , Zhang Shaohua
Published: September 2022

It is known that the blazar jet emissions are dominated by nonthermal radiation, while the accretion disk jets are normally dominated by thermal emission. In this work, our aim is to study the connection between the two types of emission by investigating the correlation between the blazar emission-line intensity property, which embodies the nature of an accretion disk, and the γ-ray flux property, which is the representative of jet emission. We compiled a sample of 656 blazars with available emission-line equivalent widths (EWs), the GeV γ-ray flux, and the spectral energy distribution (SED) information from the literature. In this work, we found 55 previous blazar candidates of uncertain types (BCUs) that are now identified as flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), and found 52 “changing-look” blazars based on their EWs, 45 of which are newly confirmed. These changing-look blazars have a larger accretion ratio (

M

̇

/

M

̇

Edd

) than BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects. In addition, we suggest that the lower synchrotron peak blazars (LSPs) could be the source of changing-look blazars because 90.7% of the changing-look blazars in this work are confirmed as LSPs. An anticorrelation between EW and continuum intensity, the so-called global “Baldwin effect” (BEff), has been confirmed. We suggest that the steeper global BEff observed for the blazar than for radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (RQ-AGNs) is caused by the inverse Compton scattering of broad-emission-line photons. This interpretation is further supported by the positive correlation between the emission-line EW and intrinsic inverse Compton luminosity.
The Lyα Emission in a C1.4 Solar Flare Observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager aboard Solar Orbiter
Authors: Li Y. , Li Qiao , Song De-Chao , Battaglia Andrea Francesco , Xiao Hualin , Krucker Säm , Schühle Udo , Li Hui , Gan Weiqun , Ding M. D.
Published: September 2022

The hydrogen Lyα (H i Lyα) emission during solar flares has rarely been studied in spatially resolved images, and its physical origin has not been fully understood. In this paper, we present novel Lyα images for a C1.4 solar flare (SOL2021-08-20T22:00) from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager aboard Solar Orbiter, together with multi-wave-band and multiperspective observations from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead and the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. It is found that the Lyα emission has a good temporal correlation with the thermal emissions at 1–8 Å and 5–7 keV, indicating that the flaring Lyα is mainly produced by a thermal process in this small event. However, nonthermal electrons play a minor role in generating Lyα at flare ribbons during the rise phase of the flare, as revealed by the hard X-ray imaging and spectral fitting. Besides originating from flare ribbons, the Lyα emission can come from flare loops, likely caused by plasma heating and also cooling that happen in different flare phases. It is also found that the Lyα emission shows fairly similar features to the He ii
λ304 emission in light curve and spatiotemporal variation, along with small differences. These observational results improve our understanding of the Lyα emission in solar flares and also provide some insights for investigating the Lyα emission in stellar flares.
CLASS: Coronal Line Activity Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Reefe Michael , Satyapal Shobita , Sexton Remington O. , Doan Sara M. , Secrest Nathan J. , Cann Jenna M.
Published: September 2022

We conduct the first systematic survey of a comprehensive set of the twenty optical coronal lines in the spectra of nearly 1 million galaxies observed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 8 catalog. This includes often overlooked high ionization potential lines such as [Ar x] λ5533, [S xii] λ7609, [Fe xi] λ7892, and [Fe xiv] λ5303. We find that, given the limited sensitivity of SDSS, strong coronal line emission is extremely rare, with only ∼0.03% of the sample showing at least one coronal line, significantly lower than the fraction of galaxies showing optical narrow line ratios (∼17%) or mid-infrared colors (∼2%) indicative of nuclear activity. The coronal line luminosities exhibit a large dynamic range, with values ranging from ∼1034 to 1042 erg s−1. We find that a vast majority (∼80%) of coronal line emitters in dwarf galaxies (M
* < 9.6 × 109
M
⊙) do not display optical narrow line ratios indicative of nuclear activity, in contrast to higher mass galaxies (∼17%). Moreover, we find that the highest ionization potential lines are preferentially found in lower mass galaxies. These findings are consistent with the theory that lower mass black holes found in lower mass galaxies produce a hotter accretion disk, which in turn enhances the higher ionization coronal line spectrum. Future coronal line searches with 30 m class telescopes or JWST may provide a pathway into uncovering the intermediate mass black hole population.
Atmospheric Thermal Emission Effect on Chandrasekhar’s Finite Atmosphere Problem
Authors: Sengupta Soumya
Published: September 2022

The solutions of the diffuse reflection finite atmosphere problem are very useful in the astrophysical context. Chandrasekhar was the first to solve this problem analytically, by considering atmospheric scattering. These results have wide applications in the modeling of planetary atmospheres. However, they cannot be used to model an atmosphere with emission. We solved this problem by including the thermal emission effect along with scattering. Here, our aim is to provide a complete picture of the generalized finite atmosphere problem in the presence of scattering and thermal emission, and to give a physical account of the same. For that, we take an analytical approach using the invariance principle method to solve the diffuse reflection finite atmosphere problem in the presence of atmospheric thermal emission. We established general integral equations of the modified scattering function S(τ; μ, ϕ; μ
0, ϕ
0), transmission function T(τ; μ, ϕ; μ
0, ϕ
0), and their derivatives with respect to τ for a thermally emitting atmosphere. We customize these equations for the case of isotropic scattering and introduce two new functions V(μ), and W(μ), analogous to Chandrasekhar’s X(μ), and Y(μ) functions, respectively. We also derive a transformation relation between the modified S and T functions and give a physical account of the V(μ) and W(μ) functions. Our final results are consistent with those of Chandrasekhar’s at the low emission limit (i.e., only scattering). From the consistency of our results, we conclude that the consideration of the thermal emission effect in the diffuse reflection finite atmosphere problem gives more general and accurate results than considering only scattering.
ALMA/ACA CO Survey of the IC 1459 and NGC 4636 Groups: Environmental Effects on the Molecular Gas of Group Galaxies
Authors: Lee Bumhyun , Wang Jing , Chung Aeree , Ho Luis C. , Wang Ran , Michiyama Tomonari , Molina Juan , Kim Yongjung , Shao Li , Kilborn Virginia , Wang Shun , Lin Xuchen , Kim Dawoon E. , Catinella Barbara , Cortese Luca , Deg Nathan , Denes Helga , Elagali Ahmed , For Bi-Qing , Kleiner Dane , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Lee-Waddell Karen , Rhee Jonghwan , Spekkens Kristine , Westmeier Tobias , Wong O. Ivy , Bigiel Frank , Bosma Albert , Holwerda Benne W. , van der Hulst Jan M. , Roychowdhury Sambit , Verdes-Montenegro Lourdes , Zwaan Martin A.
Published: September 2022

We present new results of a 12CO(J = 1–0) imaging survey using the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) for 31 H i detected galaxies in the IC 1459 and NGC 4636 groups. This is the first CO imaging survey for loose galaxy groups. We obtained well-resolved CO data (∼0.7–1.5 kpc) for a total of 16 galaxies in two environments. By comparing our ACA CO data with the H i and UV data, we probe the impacts of the group environment on the cold gas components (CO and H i gas) and star formation activity. We find that CO and/or H i morphologies are disturbed in our group members, some of which show highly asymmetric CO distributions (e.g., IC 5264, NGC 7421, and NGC 7418). In comparison with isolated galaxies in the xCOLD GASS sample, our group galaxies tend to have low star formation rates and low H2 gas fractions. Our findings suggest that the group environment can change the distribution of cold gas components, including the molecular gas and star formation properties of galaxies. This is supporting evidence that preprocessing in the group-like environment can play an important role in galaxy evolution.
HD 166620: Portrait of a Star Entering a Grand Magnetic Minimum
Authors: Luhn Jacob K. , Wright Jason T. , Henry Gregory W. , Saar Steven H. , Baum Anna C.
Published: September 2022

HD 166620 was recently identified as a Maunder minimum candidate based on nearly 50 years of Ca ii H and K activity data from Mount Wilson and Keck HIRES. These data showed clear cyclic behavior on a 17 yr timescale during the Mount Wilson survey that became flat when picked up later with Keck HIRES planet-search observations. Unfortunately, the transition between these two data sets—and therefore the transition into the candidate Maunder minimum phase—contained little to no data. Here, we present additional Mount Wilson data not present in Baum et al., along with photometry over a nearly 30 yr baseline that definitively traces the transition from cyclic activity to a prolonged phase of flat activity. We present this as conclusive evidence of the star entering a grand magnetic minimum and therefore the first true Maunder minimum analog. We further show that neither the overall brightness nor the chromospheric activity level (as measured by S
HK) is significantly lower during the grand magnetic minimum than its activity cycle minimum, implying that an anomalously low mean or instantaneous activity levels are not a good diagnostic or criterion for identifying additional Maunder minimum candidates. Intraseasonal variability in S
HK, however, is lower in the star’s grand minimum; this may prove a useful symptom of the phenomenon.
A Mathematical Treatment of the Offset Microlensing Degeneracy
Authors: Zhang 张 Keming 可名 , Gaudi B. Scott
Published: September 2022

The offset microlensing degeneracy, recently proposed by Zhang et al., has been shown to generalize the close–wide and inner–outer caustic degeneracies into a unified regime of magnification degeneracy in the interpretation of two-body planetary microlensing observations. While the inner–outer degeneracy expects the source trajectory to pass equidistant to the planetary caustics of the degenerate lens configurations, the offset degeneracy states that the same mathematical expression applies to any combination of the close, wide, and resonant caustic topologies, where the projected star–planet separations differ by an offset (s
A ≠ s
B) that depends on where the source trajectory crosses the lens axis. An important implication is that the s
A = 1/s
B solution of the close–wide degeneracy never strictly manifests in observations except when the source crosses a singular point near the primary. Nevertheless, the offset degeneracy was proposed upon numerical calculations, and no theoretical justification was given. Here, we provide a theoretical treatment of the offset degeneracy, which demonstrates its nature as a mathematical degeneracy. From first principles, we show that the offset degeneracy formalism is exact to zeroth order in the mass ratio (q) for two cases: when the source crosses the lens axis inside of caustics, and for

(

s

A

−

s

B

)

6

≪
1

when crossing outside of caustics. The extent to which the offset degeneracy persists in oblique source trajectories is explored numerically. Finally, it is shown that the superposition principle allows for a straightforward generalization to N-body microlenses with N − 1 planetary lens components (q ≪ 1), which results in a 2
N−1-fold degeneracy.
Connections between the Transient Polar Warming and Solstitial Pause on Mars
Authors: Toigo Anthony D. , Waugh Darryn W.
Published: September 2022

Observations show two different transient atmospheric events around the northern winter solstice on Mars: a warming of the polar lower atmosphere (100–10 Pa) and a reduction in the near-surface wave activity. Here we examine the cause of, and connections between, these two events, and how their occurrence may have changed in past climates using a suite of Mars general circulation model simulations. These simulations show that the polar warming and pause in wave activity are connected, and they occur when there are sufficiently large dust heating rates in the southern (summer) high latitudes, which drive an expansion of the downwelling branch of the Hadley cell into the northern polar region. This causes a poleward shift and weakening of the jet, a warming of the polar lower atmosphere, and reduced baroclinic instability and waves near the surface. The occurrence and strength of the polar warming and wave activity pause increase with obliquity and dust optical depth, with a stronger dependence on obliquity. In past climates with low obliquity the warming and pause are unlikely to occur, or will be very weak, whereas during times of high obliquity they will likely be strong and occur every winter, unless the atmosphere is nearly free of dust.
Applications for zoosporic parasites in aquatic systems (ParAqua)
Authors: Rasconi Serena , Grossart Hans-Peter , Gsell Alena , Ibelings Bastiaan Willem , van de Waal Dedmer , Agha Ramsy , Bacu Ariola , Balode Maija , Beklioğlu Meryem , Berden Zrimec Maja , Botez Florina , Butler Tom , Cerbin Slawomir , Cortina Angela , Cunliffe Michael , Frenken Thijs , Garcés Esther , Gjyli Laura , Golan Yonatan , Guerra Tiago , Iacovides Ayis , Idà Antonio , Kagami Maiko , Kisand Veljo , Leshoski Jovica , Marco Pini , Mazalica Natasa , Miki Takeshi , Moza Maria Iasmina , Neuhauser Sigrid , Özkundakci Deniz , Panksep Kristel , Patcheva Suzana , Pestoric Branka , Petrova Stoyneva Maya , Pinto Diogo , Polle Juergen , Postolache Carmen , Pozo Dengra Joaquín , Reñé Albert , Rychtecky Pavel , Schmeller Dirk S. , Scholz Bettina , Selmeczy Géza , Sime-Ngando Télesphore , Tapolczai Kálmán , Tasevska Orhideja , Trbojevic Ivana , Uzunov Blagoy , Van den Wyngaert Silke , van Donk Ellen , Vanthoor Marieke , Veljanoska Sarafiloska Elizabeta , Wood Susie , Znachor Petr
Published: September 2022

Zoosporic parasites (i.e. fungi and fungi-like aquatic microorganisms) constitute important drivers of natural populations, causing severe host mortality. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases are notable in the microalgae biotech industry, affecting production of food ingredients, biofuels, pharma- and nutraceuticals.

While scientific research on this topic is gaining traction by increasing studies elucidating the functional role of zoosporic parasites in natural ecosystems, we are currently lacking integrated and interdisciplinary efforts for effectively detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae industry. To fill this gap we propose to establish an innovative, dynamic European network connecting scientists, industries and stakeholders to optimize information exchange, equalize access to resources and to develop a joint research agenda. ParAqua aims at compiling and making available all information on the occurrence of zoosporic parasites and their relationship with hosts, elucidate drivers and evaluate impacts of parasitism in natural and man-made aquatic environments. We aim to implement new tools for monitoring and prevention of infections, and to create protocols and a Decision Support Tool for detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae biotech production. Applied knowledge on zoosporic parasites can feed back from industry to ecology, and we therefore will explore whether the developed tools can be applied for monitoring lakes and reservoirs. Short-Term Scientific Missions and Training Schools will be organised specifically for early stage scientists and managers – with a specific focus on ITC – with the aim to share and integrate both scientific and applied expertise and increase exchange between basic and applied researchers and stakeholders.
Filet de sécurité financière international et accords régionaux : quel équilibre ?
Authors: Bussière Matthieu , Cabrillac Bruno , Naef Alain
Published: September 2022

Le filet de sécurité financière international ( global financial safety net , GFSN) a évolué au cours de la dernière décennie. Si le FMI y tient une place centrale, confortée par l’allocation générale de DTS d’août 2020, les ressources des arrangements financiers régionaux, à la suite de la mise en place du Mécanisme européen de stabilité dans la zone euro, ont renforcé la dimension régionale. L’autre fait saillant de l’évolution du GFSN est la croissance rapide des réserves de change, signe d’une réticence persistante à solliciter le FMI et d’une préférence pour l’auto-assurance. Cet article présente une analyse rétrospective des crises financières au cours des trente dernières années. Il ressort de cette analyse que ces crises ont une forte composante régionale et/ou globale, ce qui plaide pour un filet de sécurité financière plus développé au niveau mondial que régional. Classification JEL : E6, E42, E50, F3, G01, G21
Changement climatique et politique monétaire en pratique
Authors: Odonnat Ivan
Published: September 2022

Les États signataires de l’Accord de Paris en 2015 se sont engagés à agir pour limiter le réchauffement climatique. Cette lutte contre le changement climatique concerne aussi les banques centrales. Elles vont concevoir des outils pour soutenir les actifs finançant les activités à faible émission de carbone et inversement valoriser négativement les actifs finançant des projets à forte émission de carbone. Acheter des actifs « verts », accorder un traitement de faveur aux actifs verts éligibles en garantie ou mettre en place des facilités de long terme dédiées : la liste des possibilités est longue. Mais ne doit-on pas craindre alors un risque de « politisation » des banques centrales et de « glissement de mission » au-delà de leurs mandats de lutte contre l’inflation ou de soutien à l’activité ? L’article démontre que les banques centrales disposent de trois leviers : l’amélioration des capacités de modélisation macroéconomique pour mieux comprendre les implications du changement climatique pour la politique monétaire ; les exigences de transparence, qui sont à la fois un objectif de l’Union européenne et un levier puissant pour le secteur privé. Rendre les politiques comparables entre tous les pays, c’est la raison d’être du NGFS ( Network for Greening the Financial System ). Classification JEL : E6, E42, E50, F3, G01, G21
Des mouvements de capitaux désormais sous surveillance
Authors: Cartapanis André
Published: September 2022

En privilégiant la situation des pays émergents et des économies en développement, cet article examine la question des contrôles pouvant s’appliquer aux flux de capitaux. On analyse, dans un premier temps, la position du FMI, redéfinie en mars 2022, sous la forme d’une « vue institutionnelle sur la libéralisation et la gestion des mouvements de capitaux ». On présente ensuite les externalités macroéconomiques et macrofinancières que suscitent les flux internationaux de capitaux et qui justifient cette inflexion, tant du côté du FMI qu’à l’échelle des gouvernements ou des banques centrales au sein des pays émergents. Et l’on pose, enfin, la question de l’efficacité et des conditions de mise en œuvre de cette nouvelle surveillance des flux de capitaux dans le cadre d’un policy mix élargi. Classification JEL : F32, F33, F38, G15, G28