bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of friction between volar forearm skin and nonwoven fabrics used in disposable absorbent products for incontinence
Authors: Falloon Sabrina S , Asimakopoulos Vasileios , Cottenden Alan M
Published: October 2018

Incontinence-associated dermatitis is common among wearers of absorbent incontinence products and friction between product materials and skin is thought to be a contributing factor, but the details of its role are unclear. In this study, friction was measured between the dry volar forearm of 19 women (20–95 years) and five nonwovens typical of those in commercial disposable products. Euler’s model/Amontons’ law held to high precision for all person–fabric pairs for both static and dynamic friction, despite substantial variations in forearm size, soft tissue compliance and skin smoothness between subjects, sometimes substantial lateral contraction in fabric strips, and skin rucking beneath them. For a given subject, the highest coefficients of friction among the fabrics exceeded the lowest by ∼30% to 75%, while – for a given fabric – the highest coefficients of friction among the subjects exceeded the lowest by ∼55% to 85%. The order of coefficient of friction values across fabrics was similar for each subject, and across subjects for each fabric. There was no systematic variation with subject age. The data were well modelled by estimating the coefficients of friction for a given person–fabric combination as the product of the mean coefficient of friction across all fabrics for that person, and the mean coefficient of friction across all persons for that fabric, normalised to the mean coefficient of friction across all person–fabric combinations. Predicted values were within 10% of measured figures for ∼97% of person–fabric combinations. Stick-and-slip behaviour was observed with seven person–fabric combinations, but especially strongly for two subjects with each of two fabrics. It is not clear why and further investigation is merited. Comparison of the data with results from earlier work with the same fabrics and a skin surrogate (Lorica Soft) suggests that measurements with Lorica Soft may be helpful to screen, evaluate and compare candidate materials preparatory to human studies.
Evaluation of an in-clinic dry chemistry analyzer for canine, equine, and feline plasma samples
Authors: Boes Katie M. , Sink Carolyn A. , Camus Melinda S. , Werre Stephen R.
Published: October 2018

Method validation studies characterize the performance of new laboratory methods relative to established methods using quality guidelines in order to define the new method’s performance characteristics and to identify differences that could influence data interpretation. We investigated the performance of an in-clinic dry chemistry analyzer (Catalyst One, IDEXX) for measuring 19 routine plasma biochemistry analytes in dogs, cats, and horses. We analyzed 2 levels of quality control material (QCM) in duplicate twice daily for 5 d to determine the coefficient of variation (CV), percent bias, observed total error (TEobs), and sigma metric (σ) for each analyte at each level of QCM. We analyzed 82 canine, equine, and feline plasma samples with the in-clinic dry chemistry analyzer and a reference wet chemistry analyzer, and results were compared using correlation coefficients, Deming regression, and Bland–Altman analyses. CVs were <5% for 16 analytes and ⩾5% for 3 analytes. TEobs was less than allowable total error (TEa) for 9 analytes, and exceeded TEa for 10 analytes. Sigma metrics were >4 at both levels of QCM for 5 analytes, and at one level of QCM for 5 analytes; sigma metrics were <3 or could not be calculated at the remaining analyte concentrations. All analytes, except glucose, showed various magnitudes of bias compared to the wet chemistry analyzer. Based on these results, we recommend statistical (5 analytes) and non-statistical (14 analytes) QC measures and analyzer-specific reference intervals.
Maximizing Mentoring Relationships
Authors: Weimer Kristina R.
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this article is to provide strategies for music teacher mentors and mentees to use to proactively develop and strengthen their relationships—whether they are assigned by an administrator or begin organically—to enhance the overall mentoring experience, making it mutually beneficial for mentor and mentee. Strategies include using communication and collaboration, building reciprocity between parties, expanding professional networks, and developing personal relationships. Intentional efforts to communicate, reflect, share, overcome challenges, and spur professional development enrich the mentoring experience for both parties.
The Social Functionality of Humor in Group-Based Research
Authors: Hewer Rebecca , Smith Katherine , Fergie Gillian
Published: October 2018

Citizens’ juries provide deliberative fora within which members of the public can debate complex policy issues. In this article, we reflect on our experience of undertaking three citizens’ juries addressing health inequalities, to explore the positive and facilitative role that humor can play within group-based research focusing on sensitive health policy issues. We demonstrate how both participants and researchers engaged in the production of humor in ways which troubled prevailing power dynamics and facilitated positive relationships. We conclude by recommending that researchers, particularly health policy researchers and those pursuing the kind of lengthy group-based fora associated with deliberative research, consider the positive role humor can play when engaged reflexively. In so doing, we make a major contribution to extant literature on both deliberative fora (which is yet to consider humor’s facilitative capacities) and the role of humor in qualitative (health) research (which rarely explores researcher complicity in humor production).
Imaging Journeys of Recovery and Learning: A Participatory Arts-Based Inquiry
Authors: Casey Briege , Webb Margaret
Published: October 2018

The relationship between processes of mental health recovery and lifelong learning is an area of increasing international interest. Experiences of transformation, positive effects on self-esteem, self-insight, and empowerment have been identified regarding both endeavors. Recognition of these benefits has stimulated collaborative development of educational programs in personal development, self-efficacy, and recovery principles. The importance of evaluating this educational provision has been emphasized; however, there has been little detailed exploration of students’ experiences and perceptions of recovery and learning in the context of recovery education programs. In this article, we present a participatory arts-based inquiry with 14 women, including mental health service users, who undertook a recovery training program to support their roles as mental health support workers in Ireland. Participatory visual analysis revealed three recurring themes; the interrelatedness of learning and recovery journeys, knowledge as a source of stability and rescue and the need for resilience in learning and recovery.
Common Questions and Misconceptions in the Management of Renal Transplant Patients: A Guide for Health Care Providers in the Posttransplant Setting
Authors: Dagenais Renée , Leung Marianna , Poinen Krishna , Landsberg David
Published: October 2018

Once renal transplant recipients are stabilized and require less frequent follow-up with their transplant team, health care providers outside of the transplant setting play an integral role in patients’ ongoing medical care. Given renal transplant recipients’ inherent complexity, these health care providers often seek consult regarding decisions that may affect transplant-related medications or outcomes. In this review, we discuss answers to 10 of the questions commonly posed to our renal transplant team by other health care providers.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Cefazolin in Short Daily Hemodialysis
Authors: Palmer Katie , Walker Scott , Richardson Robert , Jassal Sarbjit V. , Battistella Marisa
Published: October 2018

Background: A number of centers across the world offer short daily hemodialysis (SDHD) treatments. To date, cefazolin pharmacokinetics have not been described in patients undergoing SDHD. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SDHD on the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin. Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, pharmacokinetic study of cefazolin during SDHD in 10 noninfected patients. Participants received a 1-g intravenous (IV) infusion of cefazolin after SDHD on study day 1 and a second dose after SDHD on study day 2. To determine the concentration of cefazolin, 6 blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, 2.3, 4, and 24 hours after initiation of dialysis on day 2, and 2 dialysate samples were drawn at 1 and 2 hours after initiation of dialysis on day 2. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Results: Median interdialysis clearance was 0.16 L/h (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.11-0.21 L/h), and median intradialysis clearance was 1.95 L/h (IQR: 1.66-2.45 L/h). Median interdialysis half-life was 28.2 hours (IQR: 23.5-59.3 hours) as compared with a median intradialysis half-life of 2.3 hours (IQR: 1.7-2.7 hours). The median percentage removal of cefazolin during dialysis was 41% (IQR: 35%-53%). Conclusion and Relevance: Estimated cefazolin dialysis clearance is similar to previous estimates with conventional thrice-weekly regimens. Current dosing recommendations of 1 g IV post-SDHD achieve total serum drug concentrations greater than 40 mg/L in all patients, which is the total drug concentration required for bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus species.
Characterization of the Recommendations in the Choosing Wisely Initiative
Authors: Corrigan Kelsey , Aksenov Leonid , Paul Alexandra , Sharif-Askary Banafsheh , Agarwal Sarvesh , Kamal Arif
Published: October 2018

Choosing Wisely is a comprehensive set of recommendations that guides clinicians and patients away from low-value services. The recommendations were reviewed to investigate their breadth and limitations. The authors performed an abstraction of all Choosing Wisely recommendations between March 1 and May 27, 2016. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize various topics found in the recommendations. Of the 461 Choosing Wisely recommendations, 48% targeted workup studies, 26% non–medication management, 20% medication management, and 6% disease prevention. The most commonly targeted medical issues were coronary artery disease (9%), antibiotics overuse (8%), back pain (6%), breast cancer (5%), and prostate cancer (4%). A limited focus was found on disease prevention and a lack of alignment with health care quality measures. Characterization of Choosing Wisely revealed a comprehensive set of recommendations that addresses low-value care across many specialties. Ultimately, this study provides guidance for promoting the creation and implementation of more patient-centered, representative recommendations.
Leveraging Structural Changes in an Electronic Health Record Tool to Standardize Written Handoff
Authors: Zavodnick Jillian , Jaffe Rebecca , Altshuler Marc , Cowan Scott , Wickersham Alexis , Diemer Gretchen
Published: October 2018

Miscommunications during patient handoff can lead to harm. The I-PASS bundle has been shown to improve safety outcomes. Although effective training reliably improves verbal handoffs, research has demonstrated a lack of effect on written handoffs. The objective was to compare written handoff before and after integration of a standardized electronic health record (EHR) tool. Interns at a large urban academic medical center underwent I-PASS handoff training. The EHR handoff tool was then revised to prompt the I-PASS components. Handoff documents were obtained before and after the intervention. More handoffs included Illness Severity (33% to 59%, P < .001) and Action List (65% to 83%, P = .005) after the intervention. There was no change in handoffs with miscommunications (12.5% to 10%, P = .566) or omissions (8% to 11%, P = .447). Handoffs including tangential or unrelated information decreased (20% to 4%, P = .001). A written handoff tool can reinforce the effect of training and increase adherence to I-PASS.
Proximal Interphalangeal Arthrodesis of Lesser Toes Utilizing K-Wires Versus Expanding Implants: Comparative Biomechanical Cadaveric Study
Authors: Rothermel Shane D. , Aydogan Umur , Roush Evan P. , Lewis Gregory S.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Lesser toe proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis is one of the most common foot and ankle elective procedures often using K-wires for fixation. K-wire associated complications led to development of intramedullary fixation devices. We hypothesized that X Fuse (Stryker) and Smart Toe (Stryker) would provide stronger and stiffer fixation than K-wire fixation.

Methods:

12 cadaveric second toe pairs were used. In one group, K-wires stabilized 6 PIP joints, and 6 contralateral PIP joints were fixed with X Fuse. A second group used K-wires to stabilize 6 PIP joints, and 6 contralateral PIP joints were fixed with Smart Toe. Specimens were loaded cyclically with extension bending using 2-N step increases (10 cycles per step). Load to failure and initial stiffness were assessed. Statistical analysis used paired t tests.

Results:

K-wire average failure force, 91.0 N (SD 28.3), was significantly greater than X Fuse, 63.3 N (SD 12.9) ( P < .01). K-wire average failure force, 102.3 N (SD 17.7), was also significantly greater than Smart Toe, 53.3 N (SD 18.7) ( P < .01). K-wire initial stiffness 21.3 N/mm (SD 5.7) was greater than Smart Toe 14.4 N/mm (SD 9.3) ( P = .02). K-wire failure resulted from bending of K-wire or breaching cortical bone. X Fuse typically failed by implant pullout. Smart Toe failure resulted from breaching cortical bone.

Conclusion:

K-wires may provide stiffer and stronger constructs in extension bending than the X Fuse or Smart Toe system. This cadaver study assessed stability of the fusion site at time zero after surgery.

Clinical Relevance:

Our findings provide new data supporting biomechanical stability of K-wires for lesser toe PIP arthrodesis, at least in this clinically relevant mode of cyclic loading.
Rooting Phylogenies and the Tree of Life While Minimizing Ad Hoc and Auxiliary Assumptions
Authors: Caetano-Anollés Gustavo , Nasir Arshan , Kim Kyung Mo , Caetano-Anollés Derek
Published: October 2018

Phylogenetic methods unearth evolutionary history when supported by three starting points of reason: (1) the continuity axiom begs the existence of a “model” of evolutionary change, (2) the singularity axiom defines the historical ground plan (phylogeny) in which biological entities (taxa) evolve, and (3) the memory axiom demands identification of biological attributes (characters) with historical information. Axiom consequences are interlinked, making the retrodiction enterprise an endeavor of reciprocal fulfillment. In particular, establishing direction of evolutionary change (character polarization) roots phylogenies and enables testing the existence of historical memory (homology). Unfortunately, rooting phylogenies, especially the “tree of life,” generally follow narratives instead of integrating empirical and theoretical knowledge of retrodictive exploration. This stems mostly from a focus on molecular sequence analysis and uncertainties about rooting methods. Here, we review available rooting criteria, highlighting the need to minimize both ad hoc and auxiliary assumptions, especially argumentative ad hocness. We show that while the outgroup comparison method has been widely adopted, the generality criterion of nesting and additive phylogenetic change embodied in Weston rule offers the most powerful rooting approach. We also propose a change of focus, from phylogenies that describe the evolution of biological systems to those that describe the evolution of parts of those systems. This weakens violation of character independence, helps formalize the generality criterion of rooting, and provides new ways to study the problem of evolution.
Passion, care, and eros in the gendered neoliberal university
Authors: Lund Rebecca , Tienari Janne
Published: October 2018

In this article, we respond to Emma Bell and Amanda Sinclair’s call for reclaiming eros as non-commodified energy that drives academic work. Taking our point of entry from institutional ethnography and the standpoint of junior female academics, we highlight the ambiguity experienced in the neoliberal university in relation to its constructions of potential. We elucidate how potential becomes gendered in and through discourses of passion and care: how epistemic and material detachment from the local is framed as potential and how masculinized passion directs academics to do what counts, while feminized and locally bound care is institutionally appreciated only as far as it supports individualized passion. The way passion and care shape the practices of academic writing and organize the ruling relations of potentiality are challenged through eros, an uncontrollable and un-cooptable energy and longing, which becomes a threat to the gendered neoliberal university and a source of resistance to it. By distinguishing between passion, care, and eros, our institutional ethnography inquiry helps to make sense of the conformity and resistance that characterize the ambiguous experience of today’s academics.
The Day of the Rally: An ethnographic study of ‘ceremony as resistance’ and ‘resistance as ceremony’
Authors: McCabe Darren
Published: October 2018

The literature on organisational culture suggests that ceremonies or rituals reinforce control. By contrast, this article contributes to the literature on resistance, culture and ceremony by arguing that ceremony can also be understood as a form of resistance. It does so through drawing on ethnographic research, first, to explore how a ceremonial 1-day rally during an academic dispute was productive for frontline employee resistance (ceremony as resistance). Second, it considers how such resistance can also be productive in generating consent, for it is infused with and reproduces established norms, subjectivities and power relations (resistance as ceremony). Finally, it is asserted that resistance can be productive in fostering a subjectivity characterised by stability and instability and so practices such as a rally are necessary to try to stabilise both the organisation and the subjectivity of resistance. The article therefore illustrates the ambiguity of productive resistance which has been neglected to date. These insights and arguments indicate that all forms of workplace resistance are decaf, for they are imbued with the context and norms through which they arise. Nevertheless, resistance remains dangerous for those in positions of authority because it means that power is never totalising and so outcomes continue to be uncertain.
Feminism and men: Ambivalent space for acting up
Authors: Tienari Janne , Taylor Scott
Published: October 2018

Feminism, historically and today, provides challenges and opportunities to men. In this essay, we present a dialogue that highlights different positions on men’s activism and thought in relation to feminism. We argue that it is essential for men to engage with feminism as activists and in theory, although this may present risks subjectively, professionally and interpersonally. To illustrate our argument, we provide examples of engagement and distance from our working lives in different socio-cultural contexts. We explore questions of vulnerability and uncertainty in learning from feminism, and discuss how our privileges as (White, middle-aged, permanently employed) men condition our ambivalent experiences. The essay is oriented towards encouraging ourselves/men to articulate what feminism in action means, through research, teaching and professional identity work. We consider throughout the conditions of possibility for men in acting up with feminism in critical organization and management studies, in the hope that practical action can create better conditions of work for all of us.
Risk factors associated with pain in patients with venous malformations of the extremities
Authors: Hu Li , Chen Hui , Yang Xi , Wang Yongying , Gu Hao , Liu Ming , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: October 2018

Pain is a common symptom and the major complaint in patients with venous malformations of the extremities, which may lead to joint dysfunction and even walking disabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate determined independent risk factors for pain in these patients. We retrospectively collected data for 168 patients with venous malformations of the extremities from January 16, 2013 to August 13, 2015. They were categorized into painful and painless groups according to the symptom and pain scores. Associations between pain and candidate factors were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 125 (74.4%) patients with an average pain score of 4.4 were included in the painful group. In univariate analysis, age, lesion size, tissue involvement, and phleboliths were associated with pain. In the multivariate analysis, only type-II tissue involvement (adjusted odds ratio 4.57; p = 0.001) and phleboliths (adjusted odds ratio 2.44; p = 0.039) were identified as the independent risk factors. In conclusion, this study revealed that prevalence of pain in patients with venous malformations of the extremities was high. Patients who presented with type-II tissue involvement and phleboliths are more likely to suffer from pain.
Penal humanitarianism beyond the nation state: An analysis of international criminal justice
Authors: Lohne Kjersti
Published: October 2018

In a recent account of border control, Mary Bosworth introduces the notion of ‘penal humanitarianism’ to describe how humanitarianism enables penal power to move beyond the nation state. Based on a study of international criminal justice, this article applies and develops the notion of penal humanitarianism, and argues that that power to punish is particularly driven by humanitarian reason when punishment is disembedded from the nation state altogether. Disguising the fact of situatedness through claims to the global and universal, international criminal justice is not only a product of situated relations of power, but also constitutes new geographies of penal power. By complicating notions of humanitarianism, penal power and the state, international criminal justice raises interesting questions about the epistemological privilege of the nation state framework in the sociology of punishment.
‘Stealing the fire’, 2.0 style? Technology, the pursuit of mobility, social memory and de-securitization of migration
Authors: Milivojevic Sanja
Published: October 2018

Technology challenges social, economic and political borders. This article analyses the role smartphones and social media play in constructing social memory (and consciousness) of bordering practices, examining predominant accounts of migration, de-securitizing and re-humanizing mobility and attaining freedom of movement. Using the case study of the Western Balkans as one of the main transit routes in Europe and building on Stefania Milan’s ‘stealing the fire’ theory, this article investigates transformation of borders from below, as migrants reclaim technology to enable safe passage and create counter-narratives of migration. They do so by contributing to the ‘digital knowledge commons’—a collaborative body of knowledge that can shift restrictive migration policies. The article highlights the importance of studying the technology–mobility nexus, and greater theoretical engagement vis-à-vis the use of technology as a tool for social change, as migration continues to play a pivotal role in political and public debates across the globe.
Dating gone mobile: Demographic and personality-based correlates of using smartphone-based dating applications among emerging adults
Authors: Sumter Sindy R , Vandenbosch Laura
Published: October 2018

Mobile dating is more common with an increasing number of smartphone applications coming to market that aim to facilitate dating. In the current study, we investigated how dating app use and motivations related to demographic identity variables (i.e. gender and sexual orientation) and personality-based variables among young adults. Nearly half of the sample used dating apps regularly, with Tinder being the most popular. Non-users were more likely to be heterosexual, high in dating anxiety, and low in sexual permissiveness than dating app users. Among app users, dating app motivations, that is, relational goal motivations (love, casual sex), intrapersonal goal motivations (self-worth validation, ease of communication), and entertainment goal motivations (thrill of excitement, trendiness), were meaningfully related to identity features, for example, sexual permissiveness was related to the casual sex motive. Our study underlines that users’ identity drives their motivations for and engagement in mobile dating. However, more research is needed to study how sexual orientation influences mobile dating.
Jihadist visual communication strategy: ISIL’s hostage executions video production
Authors: Herfroy-Mischler Alexandra , Barr Andrew
Published: October 2018

Based on a visual, verbal and aural quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the 62 execution videos produced by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) during its first year of existence (2014–2015), the aim of this research is to further the understanding of the inherent nature of the narratives spread by ISIL execution videos and to which audience(s) they are targeted. The authors adopt a bottom-up systematic approach of coding based on grounded theory to process visual and aural communication data as well as verbal communication of more than seven hours of ISIL hostage execution videos. In so doing, this research contributes to the understanding of multimodal communication interactions and the role of their discrepancies in framing fundamentalist ideologies. Moreover, the study adds perspective to previous research on Jihadist visual communication and audience studies. The results demonstrate how hostage execution videos discourse relies on ‘framing packages’ linked to values, norms and archetypes to create a recurrent and coherent organizational narrative aimed at segmenting ISIL’s audiences.
Generalised arterial calcification in normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Hjortkjær Henrik Øder , Jensen Tonny , Hilsted Jannik , Mogensen Ulrik Madvig , Rossing Peter , Køber Lars , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang
Published: October 2018

Background:

Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the diabetic complication cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in itself entails increased cardiovascular risk by mechanisms not yet fully understood. Arterial calcification is an important predictor of cardiovascular events; the aim of this study was to investigate the level of generalised arterial calcification in patients with long-term, normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes and the association with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, as these factors have not been investigated in type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

Participants were examined for calcification of coronary and carotid arteries through non-contrast multi-detector computed tomography scans. Generalised arterial calcification was defined as the presence of calcium in both the coronary and carotid arteries.

Results:

A total of 53 patients with type 1 diabetes were included. Coronary and carotid artery calcium scores were correlated ( r = 0.720, p < 0.0001). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was associated with increased coronary ( p = 0.002) and carotid ( p = 0.001) artery calcium scores. Seventeen of 20 patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (85%) demonstrated generalised arterial calcification compared to 11 (33%) patients without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy had an odds ratio of 11.3 (95% confidence interval = 2.7–47.1, p < 0.001) for generalised arterial calcification.

Conclusion:

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased level of generalised arterial calcification in patients with normoalbuminuric, long-term type 1 diabetes.
Joven, Extranjera, y Deprimida en América: Ruminations of an Immigrant to Prozac Nation
Authors: Mejia Angie P.
Published: October 2018

In the spirit of disciplinary disobedience, this autoethnography aims to challenge sociological analyses on the subjective experience of mental health and most plots found in psychiatric memoirs written by U.S. (White) women. Guided by insights from intersectionality theory, Chicanx/Latinx, Black, and Women of Color (WOC) scholarship, this text (re)conceptualizes depression as an embodied social critique, affective logic, and emotional reaction to the sense of uncertainty defined by one’s social location and forced acts of survival along shifting borderlands. This piece also outlines two intersectional knowledge projects that have emerged from this disruption: one is a series of collaborations with other WOC in the creation of affective maps to understand the role of larger societal forces in triggering states of emotional distress and other health conditions, and the other is my work as a public sociologist using my research on Latinas in therapy to educate and work alongside Anglo mental health clinicians.
The Age of Dwindling American Empire: Soldiers, Gaming, and Affective Labor in Warzones
Authors: Springwood Charles Fruehling
Published: October 2018

This essay examines the global logics of neoliberalism, and the biopolitical and affective modes of experience that neoliberalism generates. American soldiers, playing games and fighting wars, are living embodiments of the Military Industrial Media Entertainment Network, where boundaries are blurred, information flow is rapid, and cyber imagery prevails. But this is not merely a postmodern space of hybridity; neoliberalism is a biased, so-called laissez-faire re-organization of material and capital flows, designed to glorify the capacities of the market to rule space, consumption, and government without any regard for democratic citizenship. Playing with virtual fields of violence literally as they execute the violent technologies of war, to advance the neoliberal projects of American neoconservative ideologues, soldiers claim that these combat games help them to escape the emotional trials of war. These gamers and their games teach us that neoliberalism is more than privatization of capital, but that it is a way of organizing experience through habits of bodily movement and affect.
Longitudinal Body Composition Changes and the Importance of Fat-Free Mass Index in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Ding Huiping , Dou Shengjin , Ling Yiqun , Zhu Guopei , Wang Qiong , Wu Yan , Qian Yong
Published: October 2018

Aim: This was a prospective investigation of longitudinal body composition changes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and a comparison of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism) diagnostic criteria (EDC) as evaluation methods. Methods: All patients received standard CCRT according to 2 centers’ current practices. Body composition parameters were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis and obtained weekly from baseline until the end of treatment. The nutritional status of all patients was evaluated by the PG-SGA and EDC. Results: Forty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. Most body composition parameters, including body cell mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, and skeletal mass, as well as body weight, body mass index, and PG-SGA score, significantly decreased during CCRT ( P = .00). The PG-SGA was shown to have better sensitivity than the EDC; however, the 2 different evaluation methods were found to have a perfect concordance at Week 4 and Week 6 (κ = 0.91 and 0.96, P = .00 and .00, respectively). Pearson correlation analyses showed that fat-free mass index and body weight were positively correlated with global quality of life score ( r = 0.81, P = .00; r = 0.78, P = .00, respectively). Conclusions: This study has shown that body composition parameters, especially fat-free mass index, are valuable for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving CCRT. We recommend that these bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques should be increasingly implemented in nutritional assessments.
Rate of Development of Hallucal Interphalangeal Degenerative Joint Disease After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: A Retrospective Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Shah Nisha N. , Richardson Marcus P. , Chu Anson K. , Hyer Christopher F.
Published: October 2018

The development of hallux interphalangeal joint (IPJ) arthritis after an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been established in the literature. However, the significance has not been well reported. A retrospective, radiographic review of patients who had undergone a first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis was performed. The Coughlin classification for degree of arthritic degeneration, hallux abductus angle, and hallux interphalangeus angle were measured in 107 radiographs of 103 patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative angles were measured immediately following surgery at approximately 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. We found that the hallux abductus angle had decreased in the patients postoperatively; however, the hallux abductus interphalangeus angle increased on average after first metatarsophalangeal fusion. The majority of patients started with a Coughlin classification I of the hallux IPJ, which remained unchanged over the postoperative period, with no statistically significant difference in IPJ degeneration in the patients with or without fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. In addition, no patients had a symptomatic hallux IPJ postoperatively within our limited study period. Further prospective studies would be beneficial with longer follow-up times to assess IPJ degeneration following first metatarsophalangeal joint fusions.

Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, comparative study
Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Corticosteroid Intra-Articular Injections for the Treatment of Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Roumeliotis Leonidas , Nikolaou Vasileios S. , Chronopoulos Efstathios , Sourlas Ioannis , Babis Georgios C.
Published: October 2018

Various systematic reviews have recently shown that intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (IA-PRP) can lead to symptomatic relief of knee osteoarthritis for up to 12 months. There exist limited data on its use in small joints, such as the trapeziometacarpal joint (TMJ) or carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) of the thumb. A prospective, randomized, blind, controlled, clinical trial of 33 patients with clinical and radiographic osteoarthritis of the TMJ (grades: I-III according to the Eaton and Littler classification) was conducted. Group A patients (16 patients) received 2 ultrasound-guided IA-PRP injections, while group B patients (17 patients) received 2 ultrasound-guided intra-articular methylprednisolone and lidocaine injections at a 2-week interval. Patients were evaluated prior to and at 3 and 12 months after the second injection using the visual analogue scale (VAS) 100/100, shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (Q-DASH), and patient’s subjective satisfaction. No significant differences between the baseline clinical and demographic characteristics of the 2 groups were identified. After 12 months’ follow-up, the IA-PRP treatment has yielded significantly better results in comparison with the corticosteroids, in terms of VAS score ( P = 0.015), Q-DASH score ( P = 0.025), and patients’ satisfaction ( P = 0.002). Corticosteroids offer short-term relief of symptoms, but IA-PRP might achieve a lasting effect of up to 12 months in the treatment of early to moderate symptomatic TMJ arthritis.
Sources of Consensus and Variegation in Cultural Affective Meanings
Authors: Rogers Kimberly B.
Published: October 2018

Societal cultures are grounded in characteristic and broadly shared meanings for particular identity labels, which encode social knowledge about the esteem, respect, and treatment that various types of people deserve. Although our cultural sentiments are predominantly shared with others, they also reflect our unique individual experiences. The present research examines the proposition that variegation in cultural affective meanings can be explained, in part, by sociodemographic characteristics, social position, and formative experiences in family and romantic relationships. Respondents from two universities of distinct racial and socioeconomic composition were found to have substantial consensus in their sentiments for social groups but to differ in these sentiments to a degree commonly found in cross-cultural comparisons. Where identity meanings diverge, race is an important predictor of differences in cultural sentiments, along with parents’ education and marital status, and disruption versus stability in parental and romantic attachments.
Identification of Aberrant Muscle Bellies in the Carpal Tunnel Using Sonography
Authors: Takata Sandy C. , Roll Shawn C.
Published: October 2018

Musculoskeletal sonography is being widely used for evaluation of structures within the carpal tunnel. While some anatomical variants, such as bifurcated median nerves and persistent median arteries, have been well documented, limited literature describes the sonographic appearance of aberrant muscle bellies within the carpal tunnel. Multiple examples of the sonographic appearance of flexor digitorum superficialis and lumbrical muscle bellies extending into the carpal tunnel are provided. Techniques for static image acquisition and analysis are discussed, and the use of dynamic imaging to confirm which specific muscle belly is involved is described. Knowledge of the potential presence of muscle bellies in these images and ability to identify these structures is vital to avoid misclassification or misdiagnosis as abnormal pathology. The case examples are situated among current published evidence regarding how such anomalies may be related to the development of pathologies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.
Enforcement of labor regulations and job flows: evidence from Brazilian cities
Authors: Abras Ana , Almeida Rita K. , Carneiro Pedro , Corseuil Carlos Henrique L.
Published: October 2018

The frequency of labor inspections in Brazil increased in the late 1990s. In the years that followed, between 2003 and 2007, formal employment expanded significantly in the country. This paper examines whether these city-level changes in labor inspections could be a significant factor contributing to the increase in the number of formal labor contracts at the city level. We exploit unique administrative data on formal employment on different indicators for job and worker flows—including job creation, destruction, reallocation, accessions, and separations—between 1996 and 2006, and on the intensity of labor inspections, both at the city level. The results show that increases in the enforcement of labor market regulations at the subnational level led to an increase in gross and net formal job creation rates and accession rates in a period when the Brazilian GDP and formal employment were growing and informality rates were declining. In contrast, increases in enforcement of regulations are not significantly correlated with changes in the rate of job destruction. This finding is robust to different specifications and is consistent with a model where formal jobs become more attractive to workers when enforcement of different types of labor regulations increases.

JEL ClassificationJ21, J63, E24, H80, C23
The effects of input enhancement and explicit instruction on developing Iranian lower-intermediate EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of passive voice
Authors: Bakhshandeh-Rostami Iran , Jafari Khadijeh
Published: October 2018

The importance of teaching explicit knowledge of grammar has been one of the most controversial issues in L2 instruction. Despite the existence of considerable number of studies on different methods of grammar instruction, very few studies have investigated the role of explicit instruction and input enhancement on developing EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of grammatical structures. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate the effects of input enhancement and explicit instruction on developing Iranian EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of simple present and simple past passive voice. To this end, 48 lower- intermediate EFL students participated in the present research and a pretest-posttest quasi experimental design with two experimental groups and a control group was adopted. While the participants in the explicit instruction group received explicit instruction on selected passive forms, those in the enhanced input received the same passages but the target passive forms were enhanced via bolding and underlining, and the control group received the same texts but in the original form with no enhancement or explicit instruction. To measure participants’ explicit knowledge of the target passive voice, two valid measures including untimmed grammaticality judgement test (UGJT) and metalinguistic knowledge test (MKT) were used. One-way ANOVA results indicated the superiority of the explicit instruction in developing explicit knowledge of passive voice. The findings have some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and material developers.
Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (PURE-01): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Anichini Andrea , Raggi Daniele , Briganti Alberto , Massa Simona , Lucianò Roberta , Colecchia Maurizio , Giannatempo Patrizia , Mortarini Roberta , Bianchi Marco , Farè Elena , Monopoli Francesco , Colombo Renzo , Gallina Andrea , Salonia Andrea , Messina Antonella , Ali Siraj M. , Madison Russell , Ross Jeffrey S. , Chung Jon H. , Salvioni Roberto , Mariani Luigi , Montorsi Francesco
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To determine the activity of pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant immunotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) for which standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy is poorly used.

Patients and Methods

In the PURE-01 study, patients had a predominant urothelial carcinoma histology and clinical (c)T≤3bN0 stage tumor. They received three cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks before RC. The primary end point in the intention-to-treat population was pathologic complete response (pT0). Biomarker analyses included programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using the combined positive score (CPS; Dako 22C3 pharmDx assay), genomic sequencing (FoundationONE assay), and an immune gene expression assay.

Results

Fifty patients were enrolled from February 2017 to March 2018. Twenty-seven patients (54%) had cT3 tumor, 21 (42%) cT2 tumor, and two (4%) cT2-3N1 tumor. One patient (2%) experienced a grade 3 transaminase increase and discontinued pembrolizumab. All patients underwent RC; there were 21 patients with pT0 (42%; 95% CI, 28.2% to 56.8%). As a secondary end point, downstaging to pT<2 was achieved in 27 patients (54%; 95% CI, 39.3% to 68.2%). In 54.3% of patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10% (n = 35), RC indicated pT0, whereas RC indicated pT0 in only 13.3% of those with CPS < 10% (n = 15). A significant nonlinear association between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and pT0 was observed, with a cutoff at 15 mutations/Mb. Expression of several genes in pretherapy lesions was significantly different between pT0 and non-pT0 cohorts. Significant post-therapy changes in the TMB and evidence of adaptive mechanisms of immune resistance were observed in residual tumors.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab resulted in 42% of patients with pT0 and was safely administered in patients with MIBC. This study indicates that pembrolizumab could be a worthwhile neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of MIBC when limited to patients with PD-L1–positive or high-TMB tumors.
Operative and hormonal management of recurrent catamenial pneumothorax: a case report
Authors: Iyer Sivaraman , Clay Ehrig Jessica , Sosa Marcos , Phy Jennifer
Published: October 2018

Catamenial pneumothorax refers to the recurrent collapse of a lung in conjunction with the menstrual cycle. It is a common manifestation of thoracic endometriosis syndrome, a rare condition involving extra-pelvic endometrial lesions. We describe a case of catamenial pneumothorax that has not recurred after treatment with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A 37-year-old woman with abdominal endometriosis presented with five episodes of right pneumothorax, all of which coincided with the patient’s menstrual cycle. The diagnosis of catamenial pneumothorax was made, and the patient was referred for hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Combined transdermal estrogen/progesterone treatment was also initiated to manage her symptoms of hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia. Since treatment, the patient has not had recurrent pneumothorax. Due to the rarity and acuity of catamenial pneumothoraces, management options are challenging. Recommendations on the duration of combined estrogen/progesterone treatment following bilateral oophorectomy are needed. A multidisciplinary team approach consisting of pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, and gynecologists is essential for accurate diagnosis, optimal treatment, and successful outcomes in this rare but serious condition.
Diagnosis and management of portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis of liver
Authors: Adams Logan , Ball Somedeb
Published: October 2018

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is an occlusion of the portal venous system and is a common complication of liver cirrhosis. It can present as either an acute or chronic complication. Acute PVT can present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, ileus, and bleeding. Chronic PVT is often asymptomatic; however, it can be discovered in cases of worsening portal hypertension. Portal vein thrombosis is diagnosed by imaging modalities, such as ultrasound and computed tomography. Contrast-enhanced imaging can be used in cases with difficult visualization. Despite the hemostatic imbalance in cirrhosis, anticoagulants can be safely used to recanalize the vein. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedures are also an effective method for recanalization.
Physician personality and patient confidence
Authors: Kopel Jonathan
Published: October 2018

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a reliable and valid screening test for describing the natural personality of an individual, especially in the medical field. The indicator gives an individual a four-letter abbreviation summarizing his/her personality characteristics. The categories include: extraverted (E) / introverted (I), sensing (S) / intuition (N), feeling (F) / thinking (T), and perception (P) / judgment (J). The personality types of physicians vary considerably across the medical field. Specific personality types indicated by the Myers-Briggs fit better with certain medical specialties than others. The alignment of physician-patient personalities and its effect on patient confidence and compliance have potential importance in the management of some disorders, such as, for example, substance abuse. This review will examine the alignment of physician-patient personalities and its effect on patient confidence and treatment outcomes.