bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Kepemimpinan Adaptif Pimpinan Level Menengah di Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
Authors: Junaidin
Published: January 2024

Tulisan ini mengkaji gaya kepemimpinan apa saja yang dibutuhkan oleh pimpinan level menengah pada organisasi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan jenis-jenis kompetensi kepemimpinan yang dibutuhkan oleh pemimpin level menengah untuk menghadapi tantangan perubahan di organisasi KLHK. Tulisan disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian studi pustaka dari sumber-sumber penelitian tentang kepemimpinan dan manajemen pada organisasi publik. Berdasarkan hasil studi diketahui model kepemimpinan yang optimal untuk pemimpin organisasi level menengah merupakan kombinasi antara gaya kepemimpinan transaksional dan tranformasional. Kemampuan yang dibutuhkan oleh pemimpin level menengah pada organisasi KLHK yaitu, kemampuan untuk memberikan instruksi pada bawahan secara jelas untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan, kemampuan untuk mengelola penghargaan dan hukuman bagi bawahan, kemampuan manajemen konflik dan kemampuan untuk memotivasi bawahan untuk meningkatkan kinerja.
Literature Review: Dampak Kebijakan Pembelajaran Daring pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Inovasi Pembelajaran
Authors: Leliavia Fnu
Published: January 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020 memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan dalam dunia pendidikan, terjadi perubahan pola pembelajaran yang awalnya bersifat konvensional berupa pembelajaran tatap muka dan interaksi secara langsung menjadi pembelajaran jarak jauh atau pembelajaran daring. Perubahan tersebut memberikan dampak yang cukup besar dalam proses pembelajaran,  karena pembelajaran  jarak jauh atau pembelajaran  virtual menjadi solusi dan peranan teknologi dirasakan memiliki andil yang cukup besar dalam beradaptasi dengan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah pada masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pandemi covid-19 pada perkembangan inovasi pembelajaran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan  melakukan review artikel mengenai “Dampak Kebijakan Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Inovasi Pembelajaran” yang memiliki penelitian serupa dengan laporan penelitian ini. Artikel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 20 artikel jurnal nasional melalui penelusuran menggunakan google scholar dengan bantuan aplikasi publish or perish 8. Berdasarkan kajian literatur terhadap jurnal-jurnal yang terhimpun diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pandemi covid-19 yang menjadi permasalahan dunia dan menjadi tantangan bagi dunia pendidikan justru dapat menjadi pemacu bagi pendidik untuk menghasilkan inovasi-inovasi berbasis teknologi yang efektif dan efisien, hal ini dapat terwujud jika seorang pendidik memiliki pola pikir terbuka, kritis, problem solving, kreatif dan adaptif serta mampu mengembangkan dan menggunakan kompetensi  pedagogik dan profesionalnya.
Pengaruh Sikap Optimisme dan Inovatif terhadap Kemudahan yang Dirasakan (Perceived Ease of Use) dalam Sistem Informasi Pemerintahan Daerah (SIPD)
Authors: Vanesha Avina Firliyani , Wulandari Eka , Driyantini Erni
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh optimisme dan inovatif terhadap kemudahan yang dirasakan pada penggunaan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pemerintahan Daerah (SIPD). Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menghimpun data melalui survei. Kami menyebarkan kuesioner pejabat di lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Dalam pengujian hipotesis kami, teknik analisis regresi berganda diterapkan sebagai alat menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa hipotesis dari optimisme dan inovatif terbukti memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kemudahan yang dirasakan.
Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Nanga Sayan Kecamatan Sayan Kabupaten Melawi Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Patriani Ira , Padilah Ahirul Habib
Published: January 2024

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan Peran Pemerintah Desa dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat Desa Nanga Sayan Kecamatan Sayan Kabupaten Melawi. Pada kenyataannya, Penduduk Desa Nanga Sayan memiliki mata pencaharian utama sebagai Petani Penyadap Karet, Berladang Liar dan Bersawah serta tingkat pendidikan usia produktif masyarakat yang sangat rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik studi literatur dengan mencari berbagai sumber dari media cetak dan online yang memenuhi standar kualifikasi sebagai karya ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dan dapat disimpulkan Pemerintah Desa Nanga Sayan berhasil melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program kerja yang tertuang dalam APBDes Nanga Sayan yaitu pertanian terintegrasi, bantuan bibit ikan dan penyuluhan, serta pemberdayaan ternak ayam. Dalam pelaksanaannya, Pemerintah Desa Nanga Sayan mengalami beberapa kendala seperti kurangnya tenaga penyuluh dan fasilitas yang belum memadai dalam proses pemberdayaan masyarakat.
STATE OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Gorecha M. Yu. , Demianchuk N. R. , Lapovets L. Ye. , Akimova V. M.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The most common cause of vision loss in case of diabetes is retinal pathology (diabetic retinopathy). The study of blood pressure levels in blood serum in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes is a promising direction of research with the aim of studying the links of the pathogenesis of the development of this pathology, diagnosis, and possible prognosis of the disease

The aim of the study: to find out the peculiarities of humoral immune dysfunction in patients with diabetic retinopathy against the background of metabolic syndrome

Results and discussion. PSA increases in patients with decompensated diabetes (by 1.2 times compared to the control group). We found a statistically significant increase in the level of Ig A in patients of group 2 by 2.5 times compared to the control group and by 1.5 times compared to group 1. The content of Ig M exceeds the control indicator by 2.3 times and in group 1 by 1.7 times. The level of Ig G increased compared to the control indicator by 1.4 times, and did not differ from the indicator in group 1. The content of CIC in group 2 exceeded the indicators in the control group by 1.4 times and by 2 times the indicators in group 1, which indicates a higher probability of occurrence of III-type hypersensitivity reactions in the group of non-insulin-dependent patients with DR.

Probable strong correlations of the concentration of immunoglobulins with other indicators in group 2 were revealed, which may indicate the preservation of relationships between immune indicators in compensated diabetes.

The analysis of the ratio of the indicators implies the predominant activation of a specific link of humoral immunity and suggests the chronicity of the process, in the group of non-insulin-dependent patients there is a pronounced activation of humoral protection on the mucous membranes, as well as a predominant activation of early humoral immune mechanisms.

Conclusion. Determination of the content of humoral factors of immunity in blood serum often does not reveal a probable difference. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the ratio of indicators. The obtained data indicate more pronounced changes in indicators of specific humoral immunity - immunoglobulins in patients with diabetic retinopathy, compared to the indicator of systemic inflammation - SRP.
IRON METABOLISM IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Yastremska O. O. , Lebed H. B.
Published: January 2024

Today, the development of medical science involves the constant improvement of the diagnosis of iron-deficiency conditions, which are extremely common among the population, and especially among women of reproductive age, pregnant women and children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 500 million women in the world suffer from anemia, and 40-55% of women of reproductive age have latent iron deficiency. The problem of timely diagnosis of iron deficiency or excess in the body is extremely urgent and requires doctors to know the peculiarities of iron metabolism in normal conditions and in pathological conditions that can cause the development of serious complications.

Is to generalize the diagnostic criteria for disorders of iron metabolism in accordance with the new knowledge of the homeostasis of this metabolite.

Understanding the mechanisms of the physiology and pathophysiology of iron metabolism, the ability to correctly interpret the biochemical indicators characterizing the metabolic processes of this element in normal and pathological conditions will enable the clinician to timely diagnose iron metabolism disorders in the patient's body, especially at the preclinical stage, and take measures to prevent them, differentiate hypochromic anemias, choose adequate therapy and monitor its effectiveness.
JUSTIFICATION OF NITROXOLINE APPLICATION IN CONDITIONS OF GROWTH OF RESISTANCE OF UROPATHOGENES TO NEW GENERATIONS OF ANTIMICROBATES
Authors: Syrota Н. I. , Platonova I. L.
Published: January 2024

Nitroxoline is a synthetic uroantiseptic, effective against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. For a long time it has been used for the treatment and prevention of acute, chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections, because to this day retains high activity against bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. With increasing resistance of uropathogens to new antimicrobial drugs, Nitroxoline may be an alternative drug for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The results of scientific research on the importance of Nitroxoline as a first-line drug in the treatment of this nosological group of diseases are contradictory. This motivates the study and analysis of the professional literature in the direction of clinical efficacy and determining the place of Nitroxoline among other uroseptics in the treatment of urinary tract infections in today's conditions.
Maltrato infantil y burnout parental. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Vizoso Gómez Carmen María
Published: January 2024

La crianza y la parentalidad pueden causar agotamiento y estrés en los padres y las madres. Si este estrés se prolonga en el tiempo surge el burnout parental, que aparece cuando los recursos parentales son insuficientes para afrontar los  factores estresantes vinculados al cuidado y la educación de la descendencia. El estudio del burnout parental es muy importante porque provoca graves consecuencias negativas que afectan a los/as progenitores/as y su familia. Así, el burnout parental puede propiciar la aparición del maltrato infantil, que produce efectos irreversibles en el desarrollo físico, emocional y social de los y las menores. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación que existe entre el burnout parental y el maltrato infantil. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática tomando como referencia el protocolo PRISMA. Las bases de datos empleadas para la búsqueda de información fueron ERIC, WoS y SCOPUS. Tras el proceso de selección, aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos, se seleccionaron 15 artículos. Los resultados encontrados permiten concluir que el burnout parental está relacionado con la negligencia y la violencia parental. Además, tras el análisis de los artículos se identifican diferentes factores que pueden prevenir la aparición del burnout parental y que deben ser considerados a la hora de planificar las intervenciones de educación parental. Se destaca la necesidad de llevar a cabo iniciativas para la sensibilización social, la formación familiar y la detección precoz del burnout parental para evitar la aparición de las consecuencias indeseadas.
Salud mental en juventud extutelada: estrategias de promoción y prevención sociosanitaria
Authors: Díaz Esterri Jorge
Published: January 2024

Los crecientes problemas de salud mental en la juventud se ven incrementados en poblaciones más vulnerables, entre las que se encuentran las personas jóvenes extuteladas, conocer las causas y establecer estrategias de prevención se considera indispensable para mejorar su calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar particularidades en la salud física y mental de personas jóvenes extuteladas, sus causas y las acciones que se desempeñan para hacerles frente. Se realizaron veinte entrevistas semiestructuradas a jóvenes extutelados y a quince profesionales de la intervención socioeducativa con este colectivo en España. Se evidencia una prevalencia de problemas de salud mental asociada a su historia, el consumo de tóxicos y el proceso migratorio. Se proponen estrategias de promoción y prevención sociosanitaria para facilitarles un tránsito saludable a la vida adulta.
Case Review of Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis with Distal Femoral Locking Plate Through a Lateral Approach
Authors: Au Brian , Hewlett Howard A.
Published: January 2024

Background: Herein, we present a case series of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCA) with a distal femoral locking plate and describe the short-term clinical and radiographic results of the procedure.

Methods: We performed a case review of four patients with hindfoot and ankle pathology who had been treated with a TTCA using a distal femoral locking plate (Depuy Synthes, Zimmer Biomet) by a single surgeon (H.A.H.) from January 2018 to December 2020.

Results: At final follow-up, there was a 75% complication rate (3/4) with two developing a nonunion of the ankle joint and one developing a postoperative wound and surgical site infection.

Conclusions: Lateral locking plate fixation with a distal femoral locking plate system may be an alternative fixation option for tibiotalocalcaneal fusions in complex patients. However, a larger sample size with longer term follow-up is needed to make any significant recommendations on the use of this plating system.
Genetic requirement of dact1/2 to regulate noncanonical Wnt signaling and calpain 8 during embryonic convergent extension and craniofacial morphogenesis
Authors: Carroll Shannon H , Schafer Sogand , Kawasaki Kenta , Tsimbal Casey , Jule Amelie M , Hallett Shawn A , Li Edward , Liao Eric C
Published: January 2024

Wnt signaling plays crucial roles in embryonic patterning including the regulation of convergent extension (CE) during gastrulation, the establishment of the dorsal axis, and later, craniofacial morphogenesis. Further, Wnt signaling is a crucial regulator of craniofacial morphogenesis. The adapter proteins Dact1 and Dact2 modulate the Wnt signaling pathway through binding to Disheveled. However, the distinct relative functions of Dact1 and Dact2 during embryogenesis remain unclear. We found that dact1 and dact2 genes have dynamic spatiotemporal expression domains that are reciprocal to one another suggesting distinct functions during zebrafish embryogenesis. Both dact1 and dact2 contribute to axis extension, with compound mutants exhibiting a similar CE defect and craniofacial phenotype to the wnt11f2 mutant. Utilizing single-cell RNAseq and an established noncanonical Wnt pathway mutant with a shortened axis (gpc4), we identified dact1/2-specific roles during early development. Comparative whole transcriptome analysis between wildtype and gpc4 and wildtype and dact1/2 compound mutants revealed a novel role for dact1/2 in regulating the mRNA expression of the classical calpain capn8. Overexpression of capn8 phenocopies dact1/2 craniofacial dysmorphology. These results identify a previously unappreciated role of capn8 and calcium-dependent proteolysis during embryogenesis. Taken together, our findings highlight the distinct and overlapping roles of dact1 and dact2 in embryonic craniofacial development, providing new insights into the multifaceted regulation of Wnt signaling.
Characterization of patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis who received care in different highly complex emergency services of Medellín, Colombia.
Authors: Vélez Juan Luis , Pérez Andrea , Blanco Juan David , Berrouet Marie Claire , Valencia Lorena , Soto Sofía , Ramírez Ana Sofía , Martínez Víctor , Gallego Juan Luis , Jaillier Julia
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Cirrhosis is one of the ten leading causes of death in the Western hemisphere and entails a significant cost of health care.Objective. To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients older than 18 years who received care for acute decompensation of cirrhosis in the emergency services of three highly complex centers in Medellín, Colombia.Materials and methods. This was an observational retrospective cohort study from clinical records. The results were analyzed by frequency measures and represented in tables and graphics.Results. In total, 576 clinical records met the inclusion criteria; 287 were included for analysis, and 58.9% were men, with an average age of 64 (± 13.5) years. The most frequent causes of cirrhosis were alcohol intake (47.7%), cryptogenic or unspecified etiology (29.6%), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (9.1%). The main reasons for visiting the emergency department were the presence of edema and/or ascites (34.1%), suspicion of gastrointestinal bleeding (26.5%), abdominal pain (14.3%) and altered mental status (13.9%). The most frequent clinical manifestations of an acute decompensation of cirrhosis were ascites (45.6%), variceal hemorrhage (25.4%), hepatic encephalopathy (23.0%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (5.2%). During their treatment, 56.1% of the patients received intravenous antibiotics; 24.0%, human albumin; 24.0%, vasoactive support, and 27.5%, blood products; 21.3% required management in an intensive or intermediate care unit, registering 53 deceased patients for a mortality of 18.5%.Conclusion. Patients who consult the emergency services due to acute decompensation of cirrhosis demand a high amount of health resources, frequently present associated complications, and a high percentage requires management in critical care units and shows a high in-hospital mortality rate.
Frailty syndrome and end-stage kidney disease outcomes at a Latin American dialysis center
Authors: Moreno Luis David , Ruiz Carlos Eduardo , Urrego Juan Carlos , Cadena Miguel Oswaldo , Maldonado Silvia José , Niño Daniel Andrés , Maldonado Andrea
Published: January 2024

Introduction. Frailty syndrome generates a high risk of adverse outcomes and mortality, and its prevalence is elevated in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Few studies have reported the prevalence and outcomes of frailty in populations from less developed countries.Objective. To identify the clinical outcomes and factors associated with the frailty syndrome in patients with stage five chronic kidney disease who started renal replacement therapy – both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis– in a dialysis center in Bucaramanga, Colombia.Materials and methods. This was a prospective study of patients with end-stage kidney disease who initiated dialysis at a center in Colombia and had a twelve-month follow-up.Results. The overall frailty prevalence was 50.47% and two out of three patients older than 65 years had the syndrome. We found significantly higher followup mortality among patients with frailty: odds ratio of 2.95 (CI: 1.07- 8.13; p=0.036) in unadjusted analysis. Conclusions. Literature shows that compared to developed nations, Latin American adults are facing a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, and frailty syndrome is raising. In this study, according to the FRAIL scale, having a frailty syndrome predicts a higher mortality; hypoalbuminemia and low creatinine levels at the beginning of dialysis could act as predictors of its diagnosis.
A new perspective on the taxonomy and systematics of Arvicolinae (Gray, 1821) and a new time-calibrated phylogeny for the clade
Authors: Withnell Charles B. , Scarpetta Simon G.
Published: January 2024

Background

Arvicoline rodents are one of the most speciose and rapidly evolving mammalian lineages. Fossil arvicolines are also among the most common vertebrate fossils found in sites of Pliocene and Pleistocene age in Eurasia and North America. However, there is no taxonomically robust, well-supported, time-calibrated phylogeny for the group.

Methods

Here we present well-supported hypotheses of arvicoline rodent systematics using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear genes representing 146 (82% coverage) species and 100% of currently recognized arvicoline genera. We elucidate well-supported major clades, reviewed the relationships and taxonomy of many species and genera, and critically compared our resulting molecular phylogenetic hypotheses to previously published hypotheses. We also used five fossil calibrations to generate a time-calibrated phylogeny of Arvicolinae that permitted some reconciliation between paleontological and neontological data.

Results

Our results are largely congruent with previous molecular phylogenies, but we increased the support in many regions of the arvicoline tree that were previously poorly-sampled. Our sampling resulted in a better understanding of relationships within Clethrionomyini, the early-diverging position and close relationship of true lemmings (Lemmus and Myopus) and bog lemmings (Synaptomys), and provided support for recent taxonomic changes within Microtini. Our results indicate an origin of ∼6.4 Ma for crown arvicoline rodents. These results have major implications (e.g., diversification rates, paleobiogeography) for our confidence in the fossil record of arvicolines and their utility as biochronological tools in Eurasia and North America during the Quaternary.
A Multiple Case Study on the Resilient Leadership in Integrated Schools: School Heads’ Perspective in Focus
Authors: Pangandoyon Romela T. , Lupina Shane P. , Mandin Melanie O. , Bauyot Marleonie M.
Published: January 2024

Navigating the ever-changing difficulties in the educational world requires resilient leadership from school heads. This study employed a qualitative multiple case study, having three (3) distinct cases aimed to explore the perspectives of the school heads on resilient leadership in integrated schools of Division of Davao del Norte and Division of Tagum City. There were three (3) participants and six (6) informants underwent in-depth interviews. Participants were chosen through a purposive sampling technique. Each data was analyzed through thematic analysis and cross-case analysis. Case 1’s unique characteristics were being open to diversity and collaboration, being a trusted character, and having a parental perspective. Participant experiences improved the literacy level of learners and empowered teachers toward career advancement. In times of challenges, the coping mechanism was being resourceful, ensuring a safe learning environment, and good conflict management skills. The policy recommendations were the integration of resilient leadership, adherence to the policies, and having a framework of resiliency.  Case 2’s unique characteristics were being open to diversity and collaboration and being an equipped and well-versed leader. Experiences were to improve the literacy level of learners and the teacher’s punctuality. The coping mechanisms were cultivating calmness and good conflict management skills. The policy recommendations were learning in action, adherence to the policies, and having a framework of resiliency. Further, Case 3’s unique characteristics were the following: good listener, trusted character, and a great provider. The experiences were the establishment of the SHS-STEM curriculum, the conversion of elementary to integrated schools, and collaboration and partnerships. The coping mechanisms were resourcefulness and good conflict management skills while the policy recommendations were innovation-driven and adherence to policies. Moreover, cross-case analysis shows each case about distinct characteristics and commonalities such as openness to diversity and trusted character. Each case has distinct experiences, the only common was having improved literacy level of learners. Their coping mechanism was good conflict management skills and being resourceful. Their policy recommendations were adherence to policies and having a framework for resiliency. This implies that resilient leadership in handling integrated schools was significant for the school heads in how they manage and lead the school despite the challenges and circumstances in their workplace. Teachers and learners benefit from the type of leadership styles that the school heads advocate. A sequential mixed method or other methodology may be employed and investigated in the future.
Livestock Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Farming Insurance in Four Divisions of the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Oben Emmanuel Ebai Enow , Ndi Humphrey Ngala , Tchuikoua Louis Bernard
Published: January 2024

Livestock farming insurance is essential for the protection of farmers. This study examines poultry and pig farmers’ willingness and determinants to pay for livestock farming insurance in the Mifi, Koung-Khi, Bamboutos and Upper-Plateau Divisions of the West Region of Cameroon, a context in which livestock insurance is absent. A quantitative design was employed in which data were collected from 430 poultry and pig farmers using structured questionnaires administered through cluster and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed quantitatively using the Chi-Square, the Binary Logistic Regression and the Integrated Value Mapping Tests. This study revealed that only 33.5% were willing to get farming insurance, 51.2% were unwilling and 15.2% were unsure. More farmers in the Mifi Division were willing to get livestock farming insurance than farmers in other sample divisions. The Chi-Square Test highlighted several variables influencing farmers’ willingness to get farming insurance. Among these variables, the Binary Logistics Regression Test revealed that monthly household income and source of labour were significant determinants of poultry farmers’ willingness to get insurance, while years of experience, monthly household income, total size of the flock and division were significant determinants for pig farmers. Overall, socioeconomic factors influenced pig farmers’ willingness to subscribe to a livestock insurance scheme more than production factors. The Integrated Value Mapping (IVM) combining the predictive effects of both factors was 35.1%, thus implying that 64.9% variability was not accounted for. For poultry farmers, production factors predicted willingness to subscribe to a livestock insurance scheme more than socioeconomic characteristics. The Integrated Value Mapping (IVM) combining the predictive effects of both components was 51.2%, implying that 48.8% variability was not accounted for. This study recommends that the government set up a National Livestock Insurance Policy and for insurance companies to sensitise farmers on the need and importance of livestock farming insurance.
The Positive Impacts of Artificial Intelligence in Highway Transport
Authors: Ugo Glory Chinwe , Apata A. C. , Dawodu Praise Onimisi
Published: January 2024

This Master's thesis titled "The Positive Impacts of Artificial Intelligence in Highway Transport," explores the transformative effects of artificial intelligence in highway transport from the perspective of users and stakeholders. Focusing on key areas such as traffic control/management, smart traffic lights, predictive maintenance, and autonomous vehicles [1,2], the study employs an in-depth survey analysis using questionnaires. Results indicate notable improvements, with a 24.9% increase in traffic safety, 23.6% reduction in congestion, 15% boost in mobility, 14.7% enhancement in sustainability, and a 21.7% increase in efficiency. These findings offer insights into user/stakeholder perceptions of current artificial intelligence applications in highway transport and their potential benefits. The thesis also evaluates limitations to artificial intelligence implementation in highway transport, providing valuable perspectives for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers.
Guiding instrument analysis: contributions to realística simulation in healthcare / Análise de instrumento orientador: contribuições para a simulação realística em saúde
Authors: França Pereira Jessica , Abreu da Silva Renata Flavia , De Almeida Ferreira Correa Vanessa
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: analisar um instrumento orientador para a Simulação Realística em Saúde utilizado por uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo com participação de 23 profissionais com Graduação na área da saúde e experiência em simulação realística. A coleta de dados, via questionário on-line, ocorreu no período de março a junho de 2020. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: o instrumento contempla as etapas necessárias para o cotidiano do ensino em simulação. A categoria "Itens imprescindíveis para o planejamento da simulação” engloba: preparo do cenário simulado; atuação dos docentes/facilitadores no briefing e no desenvolvimento do cenário simulado; atuação dos docentes/facilitadores no debriefing; e avaliação da simulação. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa possibilitou adequação das dimensões do Isimula favorecendo clareza às etapas necessárias à simulação e contribui para apoiar docentes/facilitadores no planejamento, desenvolvimento e avaliação da simulação, em diferentes contextos de atenção à saúde.
Sexual rights and reproductive rights in the perception of: women deprived of freedom / Direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos na percepção de: mulheres privadas de liberdade
Authors: Dos Santos Pereira Vanessa , Marques Nascimento Priscila , De Oliveira Carvalho Ana Luiza , Rodrigues Andreza , Lima Pereira Peres Patricia , Azevedo Queiroz Ana Beatriz
Published: January 2024

Objetivo: analisar a percepção de mulheres privadas de liberdade quanto aos seus direitos sexuais e direitos reprodutivos. pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres que estavam vivenciando a gestação (9) e o puerpério (4), em duas unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mulheres que estavam vivenciando a gestação (9) e o puerpério (4), em duas unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. O método de análise foi o Hermenêutico dialético. Resultados foram elencadas duas categorias: 1) Violações institucionais como infração dos direitos sexuais e dos direitos reprodutivos e 2) Contradições entre a possibilidade de exercer os direitos e as limitações impostas pelo sistema carcerário. Conclusão: as violações que essas mulheres sofrem, não estão restritas a elas.  A luta pelos direitos das mulheres é um movimento constante. Os avanços são significativos, contudo, há amarras reais que impedem que as mulheres usufruam seus direitos sexuais e seus direitos reprodutivos, mesmo que eles existam no plano legal e normativo.
Clinical study and haplotype analysis in two brothers with Partington syndrome
Authors: Frints Suzanna G.M. , Borghgraef Martine , Froyen Guy , Marynen Peter , Fryns Jean‐Pierre
Published: October 2002

Partington et al. [1988] described a three‐generation family (MRXS1, MIM *309510, PRTS) with a syndromic form of X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR). The clinical features in 10 affected males included mild to moderate MR, dystonic movements of the hands, and dysarthria. After refinement, the PRTS locus was mapped to marker DXS989 (with maximum LOD score of 3.1) with flanking markers DXS365 and DXS28. Since then, no other patients with a similar phenotype have been described. We present a detailed description of the neurological symptoms and the disease history of two brothers with the clinical features of PRTS. Psychomotor development was delayed in both, and neurological features included mild to moderate mental retardation, dysarthria, facial muscle weakness, severe dysdiadochokinesis, slow dystonic movements, and mild spasticity of the hands, without ataxia or spasticity of the legs. The symptoms were nonprogressive and extrapyramidal, and without cerebellar involvement. In general, behavior of the two brothers was friendly and quiet, although the elder brother had periods of depressed mood and outbursts of anger. Karyotypes and subsequent investigation of the subtelomeres as well as DNA analysis of the FMR1 gene, the androgen receptor gene, and the DM locus did not reveal a genetic abnormality. Haplotype analysis showed that the affected brothers share the PRTS region at Xp22.1. Mutation screening of the PDH‐E1α gene did not reveal a pathogenic mutation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cell line that secretes inducibly a reporter protein for monitoring herpes simplex virus infection and drug susceptibility
Authors: Wang Yu‐Chun , Kao Chuan‐Liang , Liu Wu‐Tse , Sun Jun‐Ren , Tai Yi‐Er , Kung Szu‐Hao
Published: October 2002

A cell line modified genetically (Vero‐ICP10‐SEAP) that responds to infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) was established. The cell line was constructed by stable transfection of Vero cell with a plasmid encoding the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) driven by the promoter of the HSV‐2 ICP10 gene. Following infection with HSV, the stable line secretes a high level of the SEAP in the supernatants as measured by a chemiluminescence‐based assay. The detection system is sensitive to an HSV titer as low as a single plaque‐forming unit (PFU), with a linear range up to the equivalent of 2.5 × 104 PFU inoculum after infection for 24 h. There was no detectable enhancement in SEAP activities following inoculations with several viruses other than HSV. The Vero‐ICP10‐SEAP cell line was also utilized to develop an assay for determination of antiviral susceptibility given that the induced SEAP activity appeared to reflect the numbers of plaque. Evaluations of the stable line with representative acyclovir (ACV)‐sensitive and‐resistant HSV isolates demonstrated that their drug susceptibilities were determined accurately. In summary, this novel SEAP reporter system is a sensitive means for rapid diagnosis, quantitation, and drug susceptibility testing for HSV, with potential to the development of an automated assay. J. Med. Virol. 68:599–605, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responses of IgM for enterovirus 71 infection
Authors: Tsao Kuo‐Chien , Chan Err‐Cheng , Chang Luan‐Yin , Chang Pi‐Yueh , Huang Chung‐Guei , Chen Yu‐Ping , Chang Shih‐Cheng , Lin Tzou‐Yien , Sun Chien‐Fen , Shih Shin‐Ru
Published: October 2002

A rapid serological assay was developed for detection of specific IgM to enterovirus 71, a human picornavirus that is usually associated with severe central nervous system complications. The sensitivity and specificity of this “in‐house” μ‐capture enzyme linked‐immunosorbent assay was assessed by testing 213 serum samples. With the conventional virus culture as a standard method, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.5 and 93.1%, respectively, for this newly developed immunoassay. This method allows for detection of the IgM responses from the patients either infected by genotype B or genotype C of enterovirus 71. IgM can be detected as early as the second day from the onset of disease. IgM responses exhibit 100% positive rate from enterovirus 71‐infected patients with complications, including encephalitis, meningitis, polio‐like syndrome, pulmonary edema, and fatal cases. These findings suggest that detection of specific IgM by the use of enzyme linked‐immunosorbent assay is a rapid and valuable way for the diagnosis of enterovirus 71 infection. J. Med. Virol. 68:574–580, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SEER update of incidence and trends in pediatric malignancies: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: McNeil Dawn Elizabeth , Coté Timothy R. , Clegg Limin , Mauer Alvin
Published: October 2002

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents the most common malignancy of childhood. Its incidence peaks in children just before school entry age; i.e., in 2–3 year olds. It is known to be more common in white children in the USA; the incidence is also higher in boys than girls.

Procedure

We reviewed the 5,379 cases of ALL among persons under 20 years of age in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Results

The overall incidence of ALL was 26/106 person‐years between 1973 and 1998, but increased from 19/106 person‐years in 1973–77 to 28/106 person‐years in 1993–98 (P < 0.0001). Rates were 44% higher among Whites compared to Blacks (27/106 person‐years vs. 15/106 person‐years, P < 0.0001). In 1992–1998, the incidence rate for Hispanics was 43/106 person‐years, significantly higher than non‐Hispanics (28/106, P < 0.0001). White children with ALL had better 5‐year survival rates than Black children with ALL (71% vs. 58%, P < 0.0001), and 5‐year survival was poorest among black males.

Conclusions

ALL incidence has increased over the examined 25‐year period. The rate in US whites is higher than that of US Blacks, and the rates in the Hispanic subgroup are the highest of all. While the median survival period is now more than 10 years overall, the 5‐year survival rate remains poor for Black males under 4 years of age. Socioeconomic factors do not account for this difference, which may relate to ALL subtype distribution. Med Pediatr Oncol 2002;39:554–557. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of MRP lot sizing methods considering capacity change costs
Authors: Collier David A.
Published: October 2002

Capacity management is the planning and leveling of resources required (load) against the resources available (capacity). In this study, the lot size models used by Material Requirements Planning (MRP) had a major effect on the work center load profiles generated by Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP). Therefore, the selection of lot size models for MRP systems is an important decision for capacity management as well as materials management.

The results of this study highlight the operating characteristics of specific lot size models considering setup, inventory carrying, and capacity associated costs. For example, the Economic Order Quantity model and the Lot‐For‐Lot model in certain situations can help level load. The Periodic Order Quantity and Least Total Cost models especially for high cost structure ratios tend to result in erratic and lumpy work center load profiles. The reasons for such operating behavior are examined. Other concepts and relationships important to capacity management are discussed.
An investigation of due‐date assignment rules with constrained tightness
Authors: Baker Kenneth R. , Bertrand J.W.M.
Published: October 2002

We describe an experimental study of a single‐machine scheduling model for a system that assigns due‐dates to arriving jobs. The average lightness of the due‐dates is assumed to be governed by a policy constraint, which we link analytically to the parameters of the decision rules for due‐date assignment. We examine the use of different kinds of information in setting due‐dates, and we investigate the relationship between the due‐date assignment rule and the priority dispatching rule. On the basis of our results we identify situations in which the dispatching rule is critical to effective scheduling, others in which the due‐date assignment rule is critical, and still others in which the combination of the two rules is a critical design issue.
An empirical analysis of job shop dispatch rule selection
Authors: Green Gary I. , Appel Leonard B.
Published: October 2002

Job shop scheduling usually includes the process of selecting dispatch rules for loading shops with work. Traditionally, dispatch rules have been formed on the basis of processing time, operating time, or queueing order. A job shop scheduling model was developed to include external factors (such as due dates), internal factors (e.g., capacity), as well as influence factors (e.g., job status). Based on the model developed in this report a survey of industrial engineers, shop foremen, and production control supervisors was undertaken to determine what dispatch rules experienced job shop schedulers would select and if the selection process could be influenced by schedule conditions (status) or other organizational factors. Results suggest that schedulers may be influenced by other factors. This article suggests a model for further research with respect to job shop scheduling.
Material requirements planning (MRP) and purchase discounts
Authors: Benton W.C. , Whybark D.Clay
Published: October 2002

This paper reports the results of a simulation experiment that compares alternative procedures for determining purchase quantities in MRP systems when quantity discounts are available. The procedures are least unit cost (LUC), McLaren's order moment (MOM) and a “traditional” procedure that ignores the time‐phased information available from an MRP system. One of the factors in the experiment was requirement uncertainty, a factor heretofore not incorporated in MRP lot‐sizing research. The results of the experiment confirm MOM (and to a lesser extent LUC) as an effective lot‐sizing procedure. In addition, the work shows that the differences between the procedures tend to vanish as the amount of uncertainty in the requirements increases.
Personnel scheduling with flexshift models
Authors: Bailey James , Field John
Published: October 2002

The concept of personnel scheduling when alternative work hours are permitted is presented in this article. The concept, called Flexshifts, schedules 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐hour shifts against a 12‐ and 24‐hour daily demand profile. Using the concept, required shifts can then be offered to the labor staff allowing each individual to select those shifts that best fit their personal plans. Alternatively, certain shifts can be guaranteed to key employees. Case studies reported in this paper indicate many advantages to allowing workers to opt for different start times, to select their days off and to create non‐standard workweeks from predefined sets of 6‐, 8‐, and 10‐hour days. Computerized timekeeping systems make this flexibility manageable. Personnel scheduling algorithms such as the one presented here make the planning of Flexshift easy.

The formulation presented here utilizes linear programming. Tests of the L.P. Flexshift model on 42 data sets of 12‐hour days showed an average savings in labor of 24.2% when compared to an L. P. model of the traditional 8‐hour work shift. For a 24‐hour work pattern, that formulation outperformed a published heuristic for 8‐hour shifts by reducing average idle time from 13.9 to 5.4%.
Toward a better understanding of lead times in MRP systems
Authors: Kanet John J.
Published: October 2002

Lead times in MRP systems represent the planned amount of time allowed for orders to flow through the manufacturing system. Setting lead times is a major issue in the operation of MRP systems. There exists, however, very little documentation on just how lead times should be set.

This study examines the effects lead times have on MRP‐based manufacturing logistics systems. In particular, it examines the effects that lead times have on backlogs, order tardiness, and finished component inventories.

A major finding is that changes to the level of planned lead times have both transient and steady state effects that may not necessarily operate in the same direction. A simple methodology is presented for setting the level of planned lead times when the criterion is finished component inventory.
A note on solving the concave cost dynamic lot‐sizing problem in almost linear time
Authors: Evans James R. , Saydam Cem , McKnew Mark
Published: October 2002

The heavily‐debated Wagner‐Whitin algorithm is known to produce optimal ordering policies for minimal‐cost dynamic lot‐sizing problems. In an earlier paper in this journal, Evans showed that the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm is essentially a shortest path computation on an acyclic network, and presented a simple O(n2) computer implementation with low storage requirements. As an extension, in this paper we present a very fast microcomputer implementation of the algorithm for the case of concave procurement cost structures. Our extensive computational results show that for this cost structure, the algorithm will solve problems in linear time. A quasi‐theoretical argument is given to explain this behavior under the assumption that data are randomly distributed.
The genealogy of operations management
Authors: Meredith Jack R. , Amoako‐Gyampah Kwasi
Published: October 2002

We investigate, through a mail survey, the rejuvenation of the field of operations management since the late 1950s. We use two primary measures in our study: the trends in dissertation topics and the productivity of doctoral advisors and their students.

Scheduling, process design and inventory control have been the most popular dissertation topics. Aggregate planning, forecasting, location and layout, maintenance, interdisciplinary and project management have remained relatively constant in popularity over the decades. Strategy, distribution and process design are growing in popularity, while OR/MS is decreasing. Work measurement, finance/economics, and marketing appear to have virtually ended. The most dominant current research interest (as distinct from dissertation topics) is process design, with significant growth in interest in the categories of strategy, quality and service operations.

Analysis of the productivity of doctoral advisors indicates that the field is growing at a slow but steady rate. In general, the field has been increasing its yearly production of graduates at the rate of a little less than one graduate per year since 1960. Looking at individual advisors, productivity grows relatively steadily until about the time of the second sabbatical, whereupon it takes a drastic drop. Thereafter, it resurges, but to a lower rate and then slowly tapers off.

Fifty‐eight percent of the respondents have had no direct doctoral students, for a variety of reasons. Of the rest, most have had just one student, but one advisor (Gene Groff) has had as many as 21. In terms of total descendants, the range is none up to 47 (Jack Muth). Ten advisors account for almost half of all the doctorates in the field, while another ten (with a large overlap) have had from two to four levels of descendants. These chains of descendants are illustrated in the paper.

Overall, it appears that a dozen or so individuals have largely shaped the field in terms of doctoral production, one measure of contribution to the evolution of the field. Based on the careers of these individuals, it seems that major productivity changes tend to occur around sabbatical years. Also, about one‐fourth of an advisor's students go on to produce students themselves. However, in spite of the large variability in individual advisor productivity, as well as falloffs and resurgences in productivity over the course of individuals' careers, the cumulative growth of the field has almost perfectly followed a quadratic curve.