bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics
Authors: Ahamed M.F. , Dar Pe’er , Vega M. , Kim Mimi , Gao Q. , Havranek T.
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in feeding tolerance amongst preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants with normal versus abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow defined as absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF).

METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants <35 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) <10th percentile. Day of initiation of feeds, days to full feeds and CRIB II scores were the primary outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups of SGA infants with normal and AREDF. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to adjust for potential confounders of the association of AREDF and feeding intolerance.

RESULTS: 120 infants with normal and 64 infants with AREDF were included. The infants with AREDF were smaller (971 g vs. 1183 g, p = 0.0002), less mature (29.9 wks vs. 31.2 wks, p = 0.0009), had higher CRIB II score (7.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.0033), started feeding later (4.1 days vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.020) and advanced slower to full feeds (17.7 days vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.0017). Necrotizing enterocolitis was similar between the groups ( p = 0.18). After adjusting for confounders, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of the initiation ( p = 0.37) and advancement of feeds ( p = 0.44).

CONCLUSIONS: Infants with AREDF are sicker at birth and have more feeding difficulties; after adjusting for BW and GA, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of feeding intolerance.
Second-Life Batteries on a Gas Turbine Power Plant to Provide Area Regulation Services
Authors: Canals Casals Lluc , Amante García Beatriz
Published: March 2017

Batteries are used in the electricity grid to provide ancillary services. Area regulation seems to provide substantial revenues and profit, but Li-ion batteries are still too expensive to enter widely into this market. On the other hand, electric vehicle (EV) batteries are considered inappropriate for traction purposes when they reach a state of health (SoH) of 80%. The reuse of these batteries offers affordable batteries for second-life stationary applications. This study analyzes two possible scenarios where batteries may give power and energy support to a gas turbine cogeneration power plant, and how long these batteries may last under different loads.
Identity Based Generalized Signcryption Scheme in the Standard Model
Authors: Shen Xiaoqin , Ming Yang , Feng Jie
Published: March 2017

Generalized signcryption (GSC) can adaptively work as an encryption scheme, a signature scheme or a signcryption scheme with only one algorithm. It is more suitable for the storage constrained setting. In this paper, motivated by Paterson–Schuldt’s scheme, based on bilinear pairing, we first proposed an identity based generalized signcryption (IDGSC) scheme in the standard model. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first scheme that is proven secure in the standard model.
Pairs Generating as a Consequence of the Fractal Entropy: Theory and Applications
Authors: Grigorovici Alexandru , Bacaita Elena , Paun Viorel , Grecea Constantin , Butuc Irina , Agop Maricel , Popa Ovidiu
Published: March 2017

In classical concepts, theoretical models are built assuming that the dynamics of the complex system’s stuctural units occur on continuous and differentiable motion variables. In reality, the dynamics of the natural complex systems are much more complicated. These difficulties can be overcome in a complementary approach, using the fractal concept and the corresponding non-differentiable theoretical model, such as the scale relativity theory or the extended scale relativity theory. Thus, using the last theory, fractal entropy through non-differentiable Lie groups was established and, moreover, the pairs generating mechanisms through fractal entanglement states were explained. Our model has implications in the dynamics of biological structures, in the form of the “chameleon-like” behavior of cholesterol.
Gaussian Processes for Blazar Variability Studies
Authors: Karamanavis Vassilis
Published: March 2017

This article briefly introduces Gaussian processes as a new approach for modelling time series in the field of blazar physics. In the second part of the paper, recent results from an application of GP modelling to the multi-wavelength light curves of the blazar PKS 1502+106 are discussed.
Social Networking Sites and Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned
Authors: Kuss Daria , Griffiths Mark
Published: March 2017

Online social networking sites (SNSs) have gained increasing popularity in the last decade, with individuals engaging in SNSs to connect with others who share similar interests. The perceived need to be online may result in compulsive use of SNSs, which in extreme cases may result in symptoms and consequences traditionally associated with substance-related addictions. In order to present new insights into online social networking and addiction, in this paper, 10 lessons learned concerning online social networking sites and addiction based on the insights derived from recent empirical research will be presented. These are: (i) social networking and social media use are not the same; (ii) social networking is eclectic; (iii) social networking is a way of being; (iv) individuals can become addicted to using social networking sites; (v) Facebook addiction is only one example of SNS addiction; (vi) fear of missing out (FOMO) may be part of SNS addiction; (vii) smartphone addiction may be part of SNS addiction; (viii) nomophobia may be part of SNS addiction; (ix) there are sociodemographic differences in SNS addiction; and (x) there are methodological problems with research to date. These are discussed in turn. Recommendations for research and clinical applications are provided.
Plausible Roles for RAGE in Conditions Exacerbated by Direct and Indirect (Secondhand) Smoke Exposure
Authors: Lewis Joshua , Hirschi Kelsey , Arroyo Juan , Bikman Benjamin , Kooyman David , Reynolds Paul
Published: March 2017

Approximately 1 billion people smoke worldwide, and the burden placed on society by primary and secondhand smokers is expected to increase. Smoking is the leading risk factor for myriad health complications stemming from diverse pathogenic programs. First- and second-hand cigarette smoke contains thousands of constituents, including several carcinogens and cytotoxic chemicals that orchestrate chronic inflammatory responses and destructive remodeling events. In the current review, we outline details related to compromised pulmonary and systemic conditions related to smoke exposure. Specifically, data are discussed relative to impaired lung physiology, cancer mechanisms, maternal-fetal complications, cardiometabolic, and joint disorders in the context of smoke exposure exacerbations. As a general unifying mechanism, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its signaling axis is increasingly considered central to smoke-related pathogenesis. RAGE is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor whose expression increases following cigarette smoke exposure. RAGE signaling participates in the underpinning of inflammatory mechanisms mediated by requisite cytokines, chemokines, and remodeling enzymes. Understanding the biological contributions of RAGE during cigarette smoke-induced inflammation may provide critically important insight into the pathology of lung disease and systemic complications that combine during the demise of those exposed.
Sulfur Isotope Fractionation as an Indicator of Biogeochemical Processes in an AMD Passive Bioremediation System
Authors: Lefticariu Liliana , Behum Paul , Bender Kelly , Lefticariu Mihai
Published: March 2017

Sulfate, the main dissolved contaminant in acid mine drainage (AMD), is ubiquitous in watersheds affected by coal and metal mining operations worldwide. Engineered passive bioremediation systems (PBS) are low-cost technologies that remediate sulfate contamination by promoting (1) precipitation of sulfate-bearing compounds, such as schwertmannite and gypsum; and (2) microbially-mediated sulfate reduction (BSR) to sulfide with subsequent precipitation of sulfide minerals. In this study, chemical and sulfur isotopic data are used to infer multiple pathways for sulfate sequestration in the Tab-Simco PBS. By simultaneously monitoring sulfate concentrations and δ34SSO4 values at four sampling points across the PBS, we (1) identified that the organic layer within the bioreactor was the primary site of BSR processes contributing to sulfate sequestration; (2) observed seasonal variations of BSR processes; (3) estimated that initially the BSR processes contributed up to 30% to sulfate sequestration in the Tab-Simco bioreactor; and (4) determined that BSR contribution to sulfate sequestration continuously declined over the PBS operational lifetime. Together, our results highlight the utility of combining geochemical and microbial fingerprinting techniques to decipher complementary processes involved in sulfur cycling in a PBS as well as the value of adding the sulfur isotope approach as an essential tool to help understand, predict, prevent and mitigate sulfate contamination in AMD-impacted systems.
Strategies for Reduced Acid and Metalliferous Drainage by Pyrite Surface Passivation
Authors: Qian Gujie , Schumann Russell C. , Li Jun , Short Michael D. , Fan Rong , Li Yubiao , Kawashima Nobuyuki , Zhou Yan , Smart Roger St. C. , Gerson Andrea R.
Published: March 2017

Acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD) is broadly accepted to be a major global environmental problem facing the mining industry, requiring expensive management and mitigation. A series of laboratory-scale kinetic leach column (KLC) experiments, using both synthetic and natural mine wastes, were carried out to test the efficacy of our pyrite passivation strategy (developed from previous research) for robust and sustainable AMD management. For the synthetic waste KLC tests, initial treatment with lime-saturated water was found to be of paramount importance for maintaining long-term circum-neutral pH, favourable for the formation and preservation of the pyrite surface passivating layer and reduced acid generation rate. Following the initial lime-saturated water treatment, minimal additional alkalinity (calcite-saturated water) was required to maintain circum-neutral pH for the maintenance of pyrite surface passivation. KLC tests examining natural potentially acid forming (PAF) waste, with much greater peak acidity than that of the synthetic waste, blended with lime (≈2 wt %) with and without natural non-acid-forming (NAF) waste covers, were carried out. The addition of lime and use of NAF covers maintained circum-neutral leachate pH up to 24 weeks. During this time, the net acidity generated was found to be significantly reduced by the overlying NAF cover. If the reduced rate of acidity production from the natural PAF waste is sustained, the addition of smaller (more economically-feasible) amounts of lime, together with application of NAF wastes as covers, could be trialled as a potential cost-effective AMD mitigation strategy.
Pyrrole and Fused Pyrrole Compounds with Bioactivity against Inflammatory Mediators
Authors: Said Fatahala Samar , Hasabelnaby Sherifa , Goudah Ayman , Mahmoud Ghada , Helmy Abd-El Hameed Rania
Published: March 2017

A new series of pyrrolopyridines and pyrrolopyridopyrimidines have been synthesized from aminocyanopyrroles. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The final compounds have been screened for in vitro pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitory and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The biological results revealed that among all tested compounds some fused pyrroles, namely the pyrrolopyridines 3i and 3l, show promising activity. A docking study of the active synthesized molecules confirmed the biological results and revealed a new binding pose in the COX-2 binding site.
Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Bertinato Jesse , Wang Kuan , Hayward Stephen
Published: March 2017

Total serum magnesium (Mg) concentration (SMC) is commonly used to assess Mg status. This study reports current SMCs of Canadians and their associations with demographic factors, diabetes, and measures of glycemic control and insulin resistance using results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 3 (2012–2013). Associations were examined in adults aged 20–79 years using linear mixed models. Mean SMCs and percentile distributions for 11 sex-age groups between 3 and 79 years (n = 5561) are reported. SMCs were normally distributed and differences (p < 0.05) among sex and age groups were small. Between 9.5% and 16.6% of adult sex-age groups had a SMC below the lower cut-off of a population-based reference interval (0.75–0.955 mmol·L−1) established in the United States population as part of the NHANES I conducted in 1971–1974. Having diabetes was associated with 0.04 to 0.07 mmol·L−1 lower SMC compared to not having diabetes in the various models. Body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were negatively associated with SMC. This is the first study to report SMCs in a nationally representative sample of the Canadian population. A substantial proportion of Canadians are hypomagnesaemic in relation to a population-based reference interval, and SMC was negatively associated with diabetes and indices of glycemic control and insulin resistance.
Time Out of Joint and Future-Oriented Memory: Engaging Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the Search for a Way to Deal Responsibly with the Ghosts of the Past
Authors: Vosloo Robert
Published: March 2017

This article explores in conversation with some of the writings of Dietrich Bonhoeffer the question of how the experience of the dislocation of time and the visitation of “the ghosts of the past” (also in contexts marked by historical injustices) is related to responsible ethical action. The question is also posed as to how the reconfiguration of the relationship of past, present and future functions on an implicit and explicit level in this regard. In the process, the article affirms the eschatological horizon of Bonhoeffer’s ethics and points to the importance of what is referred to as “future-oriented memory” in the search for responsible and hopeful action. The article acknowledges the dilemmas in relating thought and action (with reference to the so-called “Hamlet doctrine”) and points to the way in which “the future” marks and determines Bonhoeffer’s understanding of ethical action amidst the haunting presence of the past and the experience of the present time as a “time out of joint.”
Policy Discourses and Marginal Places: Histories of Environmental Democracy in India and Sweden
Authors: Arora-Jonsson Seema
Published: March 2017

Past decades have been marked with grassroots struggles around the use and access to natural resources such as forests, both in the global South and in the global North. On the one hand, we have politicians, bureaucrats and others needing to deal with these issues at the national and global level. On the other, we have the material practices and struggles at the local level as well as a parallel discourse on decentralization to local areas from the past few decades. By tracing the historical changes in policies that touch on forests-peoples relationships in India and Sweden, I contextualize these trends by placing them in a historical context and examine the questions that are central to a critical examination for environmental governance today. I analyze how environmental policy-making shaped forest politics in the two places and what spaces it provided for environmental democracy—especially in relation to possibilities for people’s participation and for gender equality. I bring attention to the imperative to take account of questions of increasing expert dominance in environmental governance and local struggles, the space for local people’s participation in forest and rural politics, the gendering of these spaces and relationships and how that affects environmental politics.
The Development of a GIS-Based Model for Campus Environmental Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Alshuwaikhat Habib , Abubakar Ismaila , Aina Yusuf , Adenle Yusuf , Umair Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Sustainability indicators and assessments are vital in promoting campus sustainability. Despite the plethora of indicator frameworks, campus sustainability assessment in developing countries encounters many challenges including lack of, or restricted access to, data and difficulties in measuring indicators. There is also a limited application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in campus environmental sustainability assessment, although campus operations have spatial dimensions. This article proposes a GIS-based model for environmental sustainability assessment of campus operations and demonstrates its usefulness using King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia. The model applies spatial analysis techniques, including inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, to statistically assess the various campus operational activities by using land use data to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from energy use, water consumption, solid waste, and transportation. The integration of spatial dimension in the model facilitates the collection and measurement of spatially related indicators, helps identify hotspots of campus operations, and provides better visualization of the existing condition and future scenario of campus environmental sustainability status. This model can assist decision-makers to construct strategies for improving the overall environmental sustainability of university campuses. The paper concludes by highlighting how the model can address some challenges of campus sustainability assessment in developing countries.
Sustainability, Ethics and Nuclear Energy: Escaping the Dichotomy
Authors: Kermisch Céline , Taebi Behnam
Published: March 2017

In this paper we suggest considering sustainability as a moral framework based on social justice, which can be used to evaluate technological choices. In order to make sustainability applicable to discussions of nuclear energy production and waste management, we focus on three key ethical questions, namely: (i) what should be sustained; (ii) why should we sustain it; and (iii) for whom should we sustain it. This leads us to conceptualize the notion of sustainability as a set of values, including safety, security, environmental benevolence, resource durability, and economic viability of the technology. The practical usefulness of sustainability as a moral framework is highlighted by demonstrating how it is applicable for understanding intergenerational dilemmas—between present and future generations, but also among different future generations—related to nuclear fuel cycles and radioactive waste management.
Das Rolandslied: Stabreimende Wortpaare im Frühmittelhochdeutschen
Authors: Jeep John M.
Published: March 2017

Die Erforschung der altdeutschen stabreimenden Wortpaare befasst sich derzeit vornehmlich mit dem Frühmittelhochdeutschen (s. zuletzt Jeep, 2010, 2011), zu dem auch das Rolandslied der Entstehung und der Überlieferung nach gehört (Handschriftencensus 202; noch
1999 hielt man die sechs Handschriftenfragmente für noch aus dem 12. Jahrhundert, so etwa Nellmann, Sp. 1363; siehe nun Bertelsmeier-Kierst, 473-477; Merzbacher, Dieter, 89-91). Vorliegende Studie will vor allem feststellen, welche Wortpaare im Rolandslied bereits Tradition aufweisen,
und welche hier erstmalig überliefert und gegebenenfalls weiter Bestand haben, wobei letztere Feststellung erst nur andeutungsweise getroffen werden kann, bis etwa andere Texte (im weitesten Sinne) auf ihren Wortpaarbestand untersucht worden sind. Bisherige Studien, wie hier unten klar
werden wird, haben den Gesamtbestand der stabreimenden Wortpaare im Rolandslied nicht erfasst. Ob unter diesen Umständen etwa Aussagen über Formeldichte (Wahlbrink, 127, 245) zuverlässig scheinen, lässt sich fragen.
Superresolution Full-polarimetric Imaging for Radio Interferometry with Sparse Modeling
Authors: Akiyama Kazunori , Ikeda Shiro , Pleau Mollie , Fish Vincent L. , Tazaki Fumie , Kuramochi Kazuki , Broderick Avery E. , Dexter Jason , Mościbrodzka Monika , Gowanlock Michael , Honma Mareki , Doeleman Sheperd S.
Published: March 2017

We propose a new technique for radio interferometry to obtain superresolution full-polarization images in all four Stokes parameters using sparse modeling. The proposed technique reconstructs the image in each Stokes parameter from the corresponding full-complex Stokes visibilities by utilizing two regularization functions: the ℓ
1 norm and the total variation (TV) of the brightness distribution. As an application of this technique, we present simulated linear polarization observations of two physically motivated models of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope. We confirm that ℓ
1+TV regularization can achieve an optimal resolution of ∼25%–30% of the diffraction limit

, which is the nominal spatial resolution of a radio interferometer for both the total intensity (i.e., Stokes I) and linear polarizations (i.e., Stokes Q and U). This optimal resolution is better than that obtained from the widely used Cotton–Schwab CLEAN algorithm or from using ℓ
1 or TV regularizations alone. Furthermore, we find that ℓ
1+TV regularization can achieve much better image fidelity in linear polarization than other techniques over a wide range of spatial scales, not only in the superresolution regime, but also on scales larger than the diffraction limit. Our results clearly demonstrate that sparse reconstruction is a useful choice for high-fidelity full-polarimetric interferometric imaging.
The Pairing of Accreting Massive Black Holes in Multiphase Circumnuclear Disks: the Interplay Between Radiative Cooling, Star Formation, and Feedback Processes
Authors: Lima Rafael Souza , Mayer Lucio , Capelo Pedro R. , Bellovary Jillian M.
Published: March 2017

We study the orbital decay of a pair of massive black holes (BHs) with masses

and 107 

, using hydrodynamical simulations of circumnuclear disks (CNDs) with the alternating presence of sub-grid physics, such as radiative cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, BH accretion, and BH feedback. In the absence of such processes, the orbit of the secondary BH decays over timescales of

to the center of the CND, where the primary BH resides. When strong dissipation operates in CNDs, fragmentation into massive objects the size of giant molecular clouds with densities in the range 104–107 amu cm−3 occurs, causing stochastic torques and hits that can eject the secondary BH from the midplane. Outside the plane, the low-density medium provides only weak drag, and the BH return is governed by inefficient dynamical friction. In rare cases, clump–BH interactions can lead to a faster decay. Feedback processes lead to outflows, but do not significantly change the overall density of the CND midplane. However, with a spherically distributed BH feedback, a hot bubble is generated behind the secondary, which almost shuts off dynamical friction. We dub this phenomenon “wake evacuation.” It leads to delays in the decay, possibly of

. We discuss the non-trivial implications on the discovery space of the eLISA telescope. Our results suggest that the largest uncertainty in predicting BH merger rates lies in the potentially wide variety of galaxy host systems, with different degrees of gas dissipation and heating, yielding decay timescales from

to

.
Energy Cascade Rate in Compressible Fast and Slow Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Hadid L. Z. , Sahraoui F. , Galtier S.
Published: March 2017

Estimation of the energy cascade rate in the inertial range of solar wind turbulence has been done so far mostly within incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. Here, we go beyond that approximation to include plasma compressibility using a reduced form of a recently derived exact law for compressible, isothermal MHD turbulence. Using in situ data from the THEMIS/ARTEMIS spacecraft in the fast and slow solar wind, we investigate in detail the role of the compressible fluctuations in modifying the energy cascade rate with respect to the prediction of the incompressible MHD model. In particular, we found that the energy cascade rate (1) is amplified particularly in the slow solar wind; (2) exhibits weaker fluctuations in spatial scales, which leads to a broader inertial range than the previous reported ones; (3) has a power-law scaling with the turbulent Mach number; (4) has a lower level of spatial anisotropy. Other features of solar wind turbulence are discussed along with their comparison with previous studies that used incompressible or heuristic (nonexact) compressible MHD models.
Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II*
Authors: Li T. S. , Simon J. D. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Bechtol K. , Wang M. Y. , García-Bellido J. , Frieman J. , Marshall J. L. , James D. J. , Strigari L. , Pace A. B. , Balbinot E. , Zhang Y. , Abbott T. M. C. , Allam S. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Lin H. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. L. , Walker A. R. , Wechsler R. H. , Wester W. , Yanny B. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2017

We present Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of the recently discovered Milky Way satellite Eridanus II (Eri II). We identify 28 member stars in Eri II, from which we measure a systemic radial velocity of

and a velocity dispersion of

. Assuming that Eri II is a dispersion-supported system in dynamical equilibrium, we derive a mass within the half-light radius of

, indicating a mass-to-light ratio of

/

and confirming that it is a dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxy. From the equivalent width measurements of the Ca triplet lines of 16 red giant member stars, we derive a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.38 ± 0.13 and a metallicity dispersion of

. The velocity of Eri II in the Galactic standard of rest frame is v
GSR = −66.6

, indicating that either Eri II is falling into the Milky Way potential for the first time or that it has passed the apocenter of its orbit on a subsequent passage. At a Galactocentric distance of ∼370 kpc, Eri II is one of the Milky Way’s most distant satellites known. Additionally, we show that the bright blue stars previously suggested to be a young stellar population are not associated with Eri II. The lack of gas and recent star formation in Eri II is surprising given its mass and distance from the Milky Way, and may place constraints on models of quenching in dwarf galaxies and on the distribution of hot gas in the Milky Way halo. Furthermore, the large velocity dispersion of Eri II can be combined with the existence of a central star cluster to constrain massive compact halo object dark matter with mass ≳10

.
Lyα and UV Sizes of Green Pea Galaxies
Authors: Yang Huan , Malhotra Sangeeta , Rhoads James E. , Leitherer Claus , Wofford Aida , Jiang Tianxing , Wang Junxian
Published: March 2017

Green Peas are nearby analogs of high-redshift Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs). To probe their Lyα escape, we study the spatial profiles of Lyα and UV continuum emission of 24 Green Pea galaxies using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. We extract the spatial profiles of Lyα emission from their 2D COS spectra, and of the UV continuum from both 2D spectra and NUV images. The Lyα emission shows more extended spatial profiles than the UV continuum, in most Green Peas. The deconvolved full width at half maximum of the Lyα spatial profile is about 2–4 times that of the UV continuum, in most cases. Because Green Peas are analogs of high z LAEs, our results suggest that most high-z LAEs probably have larger Lyα sizes than UV sizes. We also compare the spatial profiles of Lyα photons at blueshifted and redshifted velocities in eight Green Peas with sufficient data quality, and find that the blue wing of the Lyα line has a larger spatial extent than the red wing in four Green Peas with comparatively weak blue Lyα line wings. We show that Green Peas and MUSE z = 3–6 LAEs have similar Lyα and UV continuum sizes, which probably suggests that starbursts in both low-z and high-z LAEs drive similar gas outflows illuminated by Lyα light. Five Lyman continuum (LyC) leakers in this sample have similar Lyα to UV continuum size ratios (∼1.4–4.3) to the other Green Peas, indicating that their LyC emissions escape through ionized holes in the interstellar medium.
Time series data of a broadleaved secondary forest in Japan as affected by deer and mass mortality of oak trees
Authors: Itô Hiroki
Published: March 2017

Abandonment of broadleaved secondary forests that have been used for various purposes may cause the loss of biodiversity. Some of these forests suffer from diseases such as Japanese oak wilt. An increasing number of deer also impact some of them. Monitoring and recording the status of such forests is important for their proper management.

This data set provides a concrete example of temporal changes in a temperate broadleaved secondary forest. The forest has been damaged by mass mortality of oak trees caused by Japanese oak wilt disease. In addition, the forest has been under foraging pressure by sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck). The data set can provide information on how such a forest has changed in species composition of the canopy and sub-canopy layers and in species occurrence in the understory layer.
A new species, first report of a male and new distributional records for three species of Pteroptrix (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China
Authors: Chen Ye , Li Cheng-De
Published: March 2017

The Chinese fauna of Pteroptrix currently includes 26 species, of wihich 19 species were described originally as new from China: 2 by Howard (1907), 2 by Compere (1953), 1 by Flanders (1966), 1 by Viggiani and Ren (1986), 4 by Huang (1991), 4 by Huang et al. (1992), 1 by Viggiani and Ren (1993), 4 by Huang (1994).

Pteroptrix pedicellatasp. n. is described in detail and illustrated; the male of P. processa (Huang) is reported for the first time. New distributional data for three species, P. leptocera (Huang), P. orientalis (Silvestri) and P. processa (Huang), are also provided from China.
Travail et éthicité démocratique
Authors: Fischbach Franck
Published: March 2017

Une défense de l’hypothèse de la centralité du travail doit faire face au risque d’une dérive qui serait celle de l’absolutisation du travail. On court ce risque à partir du moment où on découple l’hypothèse de la centralité du travail de la critique des formes prises actuellement par le travail, c’est-à-dire à partir du moment où on assimile la centralité du travail à la forme particulière que les sociétés capitalistes lui ont donnée. On absolutise alors la forme présente, c’est-à-dire capitaliste, prise par la centralité du travail et on risque d’être conduit à une métaphysique du travail d’où toute dimension critique a disparu. On peut contrer cette dérive toujours possible en ouvrant l’hypothèse de la centralité du travail sur l’horizon normatif d’une exigence de maîtrise démocratique exercée sur les conditions du travail par les travailleurs eux-mêmes, et en donnant à cet horizon normatif un ancrage réaliste dans la division sociale du travail comprise comme l’élément d’une coopération sociale formatrice d’une éthicité démocratique.
Deux modèles de la centralité politique du travail
Authors: Cukier Alexis
Published: March 2017

Cet article propose de reconstruire deux modèles de la centralité politique du travail, et de questionner ainsi la fonction du travail dans un processus de démocratisation de la société. Le premier modèle, développé notamment par Karl Marx, défend qu’une transformation démocratique de l’organisation du travail ne peut se généraliser qu’à la condition d’une transformation préalable des institutions étatiques. Le second modèle, développé notamment par John Dewey, soutient au contraire qu’une réorganisation démocratique du travail constitue, dans les sociétés industrielles, la principale condition d’une démocratisation de l’ensemble des institutions. Afin de clarifier les enjeux de cette antinomie, l’article envisage certains des arguments de Marx puis de Dewey en faveur de leurs modèles respectifs du rapport entre travail et démocratie : d’un côté, la critique du socialisme « travailliste » du xix e siècle, l’analyse de la différence entre division du travail dans l’entreprise et dans l’ensemble des rapports sociaux et la perspective d’un « gouvernement de la classe ouvrière » ; de l’autre, l’analyse de la centralité de la « démocratie industrielle » dans un projet démocratique global, la mise en relief des effets formateurs du travail et son rôle dans l’apprentissage de la méthode expérimentale démocratique, et la perspective d’une « société en cours de planification continue ». Après avoir reconstruit ces deux modèles, l’article propose d’en faire usage pour éclairer certains des débats contemporains autour de la démocratie d’entreprise et des principes d’une politique démocratique du travail aujourd’hui.
En quels sens le travail vivant est-il une catégorie politique ?
Authors: Deranty Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2017

Cet article s’efforce de clarifier un certain nombre d’enjeux méthodologiques et conceptuels que soulève la tentative de penser la politique à partir de la perspective du travail vivant. En préambule, afin d’éviter des confusions ultérieures, une analyse formelle des différents sens de « politique » est proposée. La politique est définie comme l’ensemble des problèmes qui se posent dès lors que des vies individuelles séparées tentent d’organiser en commun une vie en commun. Quatre grands types de problème peuvent être identifiés à partir de cette caractérisation, lesquels ne se réduisent pas aux questions concernant l’origine et la justification du pouvoir, ou la structure des institutions de gouvernement. Après une brève description du paradigme du travail vivant, centrée sur les textes de Marx et Dejours, ce paradigme est mis en œuvre pour apporter des éléments de réponse aux questions politiques identifiées lors de l’analyse préliminaire. On y montre d’abord comment les grandes normes de la vie sociale (égalité, liberté, solidarité) voient leur contenu transformé dès lors que les agents sociaux sont considérés dans leur rapport au travail vivant. La perspective du travail vivant permet aussi d’affiner l’ontologie sociale à travers laquelle les problèmes du vivre ensemble sont considérés. En effet, elle projette une grille d’analyse sur les partitions de la société dont un élément structurant majeur est constitué par les conflits autour du travail. Enfin, l’expérience du travail vivant est une condition de la vie démocratique, car elle est le lieu où se produit de manière privilégiée l’acquisition de dispositions et capacités individuelles qui peuvent former un sous-bassement prépolitique déterminant à la vie en commun, mais qui sont aussi directement mises en œuvre dans l’élaboration de décisions collectives.
Clinique, travail et politique
Authors: Clot Yves
Published: March 2017

À partir de l’exemple du scandale des moteurs truqués chez Volkswagen, l’article définit le travail contemporain comme une expérience avortée de la politique. La qualité du travail, le travail soigné est un objet politique sans sujets politiques institués qui laisse un vide civique. Le conflit politique entre les gouvernants et les gouvernés existe d’abord dans la pratique du travail subordonné. Et c’est là qu’il est d’abord refoulé. L’objet même de l’activité est privé de l’institution des conflits de critères sur la qualité du travail qu’il implique pourtant, venus du réel, sans que le travail puisse s’y dérober. Cette asphyxie dialogique, ce garrottage des conflits autour du travail bien fait est la raison essentielle qui explique que la politique se dévitalise et intoxique en retour la vie sociale. Ce qu’on fait faire aux travailleurs est de plus en plus délié de ce qui compte vraiment pour eux. La passivité qui s’impose alors à des sujets diminués par un « travail ni fait ni à faire » empoisonne leur vie. C’est à la rencontre de cette activité contrariée que se portent les interventions en clinique de l’activité pour éviter de faire de l’entreprise un monde séparé de l’ordre démocratique. La vitalité transformatrice est du côté des destins de cette rencontre. L’institution du conflit de critères dans l’action relève de ce qu’on appelle dans l’article « une politique des affects ». La clinique de l’activité cherche à déplacer les objets, les destinataires et les instruments de la conflictualité traditionnelle du rapport social inhérent à la relation salariale pour la régénérer.
Les Critical Management Studies entre microémancipation et utopie
Authors: Paltrinieri Luca
Published: March 2017

L’article est une présentation générale, presque un bilan, du courant principalement anglais des Critical Management Studies (cms), à partir du premier recueil d’articles, publié en 1992, par Hugh Willmott et Mats Alvesson, qui restent les deux chercheurs les plus influents du courant. La volonté de rompre le discours mythique de la théorie managériale conventionnelle héritait d’une solide tradition de critique des pratiques de gestion, dont au moins deux courants majeurs étaient très actifs au cours des années 1980 : le Labour Process Theory ( lpt ), qui s’inspirait des travaux de Harry Braverman et l’histoire de la comptabilité. Les cms se distinguent toutefois de ces courants pour la forte influence de la « théorie critique » (Foucault, Bourdieu, les travaux de l’école de Francfort et plus particulièrement Habermas) qui est mobilisée pour étudier les concepts et les pratiques du management. Voulant distinguer leur approche de la pure description de la domination, Alvesson et Willmott proposent une théorie et une pratique de la « microémancipation » fondées sur l’étude ethnographique des situations de travail et la description de la résistance face aux injonctions managériales. Cette volonté de partir des situations empiriques pour penser la démocratisation des relations de travail a permis d’engendrer une série d’études de terrain sans toutefois réussir à déboucher sur une théorie d’ensemble de l’émancipation (qui était pourtant proposée par le lpt ). L’article suggère qu’en se coupant d’une perspective plus large de l’émancipation sociale pour valoriser les approches microémancipatoires, les auteurs des cms auraient perdu de vue le souffle utopique venant du travail lui-même et de sa transformation au cours des vingt dernières années, ce qui les aurait paradoxalement éloignés des perspectives réelles d’émancipation.
L’analyse économique du travail et de l’emploi : sortir de l’inversion
Authors: Tinel Bruno
Published: March 2017

Ce texte met en évidence le processus par lequel l’analyse du travail et de l’emploi dans la théorie dominante en économie consiste en une inversion des causalités et des rôles sociaux, cela participant à un mouvement plus large de dépolitisation et d’expansion de l’analyse économique standard. Un parallèle entre l’uniformisation actuellement à l’œuvre dans la sphère académique, au détriment des traditions hétérodoxes, est établi avec la dégradation de la situation d’une part importante des salariés depuis trente ans. Ce texte précise dans un premier temps les termes de la domination actuelle du mainstream en économie (impérialisme de la théorie économique néoclassique), puis en donne une illustration à propos du travail à travers le cas de la théorie de l’entreprise. Il précise ensuite, par contraste, la façon dont l’hétérodoxie s’intéresse au travail, notamment à travers l’exemple des rapports de sous-traitance.
Les politiques de la mémoire et les travailleurs disparus durant la dictature en Argentine
Authors: Wlosko Miriam
Published: March 2017

Les travailleurs/ses sont ceux qui ont le plus souffert de la torture et des disparitions lors de la dernière dictature militaire en Argentine (1976 – 1983), cependant dans les constructions mémorielles de cette période, ils font figure d’oubliés. Cet article s’organise autour de ce « vide » et il vise à élucider les motivations de ce dernier. Dans la première partie, l’auteure présente les évènements historiques auxquels il est fait référence, et explique les modalités qui ont permis la disciplinarisation, la répression ultérieure dans les organisations du travail et la responsabilité des entreprises dans la disparition des travailleurs. Dans un second temps, l’auteure analyse les politiques mémorielles vis-à-vis des disparu(ue)s dans différents moments historiques afin d’émettre l’hypothèse qui permet d’expliquer la mise sous silence/l’effacement des travailleurs/travailleuses comme étant les principales victimes. La troisième section traite des politiques publiques en ce qui concerne les crimes contre l’humanité comme un axe central dans la construction des nouvelles politiques mémorielles. Pour terminer, certaines questions se posent en ce qui concerne le rapport entre les constructions sociales et politiques de la mémoire et ses liens avec la subjectivité ; et plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne la manière dont les constructions mémorielles affectent les processus psychiques facilitant, entravant ou façonnant le déploiement et l’élaboration d’événements traumatiques.
Plaisir et souffrance, justice et injustice sur les lieux de travail, dans une perspective socio-historique
Authors: Cottereau Alain
Published: March 2017

À partir d’une démarche socio-historique, l’auteur propose une discussion critique des termes plaisir / souffrance et justice / injustice au regard notamment des situations de travail industriel. La dimension interprétative des expériences des travailleurs, en termes de souffrance / plaisir, justice / injustice, repose sur les interactions établies entre les travailleurs et entre les travailleurs et les chercheurs. À travers l’exemple des actions prudhomales, l’auteur met en évidence le rôle joué par le travail argumentatif d’une part, le déroulement dramatique d’autre part, qui caractérisent des conciliations réussies. L’article propose en conclusion une discussion sur le statut de la vérité en rapport avec la pratique des enquêtes sur les situations de travail.
La construction sociale des souffrances du corps dans les activités quotidiennes de travail
Authors: Dodier Nicolas
Published: March 2017

L’auteur propose des pistes sur la façon dont on peut essayer de travailler, en tant que sociologue, sur la souffrance au travail. Il explique comment il a été conduit à traiter des rapports santé-travail en termes de « construction sociale » d’une réalité, et comment on peut rendre compte, à partir de l’enquête de terrain, des rapports entre construction sociale de la souffrance et expression de jugements moraux par les salariés.
Histoire et actualité du concept de souffrance éthique
Authors: Rolo Duarte
Published: March 2017

Cet article constitue une tentative de remonter aux sources théoriques du concept de souffrance éthique. Dans ce dessein, il retrace les différents moments de la genèse du concept, notamment les débats qui ont précédé sa formalisation dans Souffrance en France . Il expose également les inflexions plus récentes de cette notion, comme les controverses avec d’autres courants disciplinaires (clinique de l’activité, éthiques du care) à ce sujet.
WOODRUFF KEY SLOTS AND KEYWAYS
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: March 2017
Interannual variation, decadal trend, and future change in ozone outflow from East Asia
Authors: Zhu Jia , Liao Hong , Mao Yuhao , Yang Yang , Jiang Hui
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We examine the past and future changes in the O3 outflow from East Asia using a global 3-D chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem. The simulations of Asian O3 outflow for 1986–2006 are driven by the assimilated GEOS-4 meteorological fields, and those for 2000–2050 are driven by the meteorological fields archived by the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) 3 under the IPCC SRES A1B scenario. The evaluation of the model results against measurements shows that the GEOS-Chem model captures the seasonal cycles and interannual variations of tropospheric O3 concentrations fairly well with high correlation coefficients of 0.82–0.93 at four ground-based sites and 0.55–0.88 at two ozonesonde sites where observations are available. The increasing trends in surface-layer O3 concentrations in East Asia over the past 2 decades are captured by the model, although the modeled O3 trends have low biases. Sensitivity studies are conducted to examine the respective impacts of meteorological parameters and emissions on the variations in the outflow flux of O3. When both meteorological parameters and anthropogenic emissions varied from 1986–2006, the simulated Asian O3 outflow fluxes exhibited a statistically insignificant decadal trend; however, they showed large interannual variations (IAVs) with seasonal values of 4–9 % for the absolute percent departure from the mean (APDM) and an annual APDM value of 3.3 %. The sensitivity simulations indicated that the large IAVs in O3 outflow fluxes were mainly caused by variations in the meteorological conditions. The variations in meteorological parameters drove the IAVs in O3 outflow fluxes by altering the O3 concentrations over East Asia and by altering the zonal winds; the latter was identified to be the key factor, since the O3 outflow was highly correlated with zonal winds from 1986–2006. The simulations of the 2000–2050 changes show that the annual outflow flux of O3 will increase by 2.0, 7.9, and 12.2 % owing to climate change alone, emissions change alone, and changes in both climate and emissions, respectively. Therefore, climate change will aggravate the effects of the increases in anthropogenic emissions on future changes in the Asian O3 outflow. Future climate change is predicted to greatly increase the Asian O3 outflow in the spring and summer seasons as a result of the projected increases in zonal winds. The findings from the present study help us to understand the variations in tropospheric O3 in the downwind regions of East Asia on different timescales and have important implications for long-term air quality planning in the regions downwind of China, such as Japan and the US.
Assessment of reliability of extreme wave height prediction models
Authors: Samayam Satish , Laface Valentina , Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj Sannasi , Arena Felice , Vallam Sundar , Gavrilovich Polnikov Vladislav
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Extreme waves influence coastal engineering activities and have an immense geophysical implication. Therefore, their study, observation and extreme wave prediction are decisive for planning of mitigation measures against natural coastal hazards, ship routing, design of coastal and offshore structures. In this study, the estimates of design wave heights associated with return period of 30 and 100 years are dealt with in detail. The design wave height is estimated based on four different models to obtain a general and reliable model. Different locations are considered to perform the analysis: four sites in Indian waters (two each in Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea), one in the Mediterranean Sea and two in North America (one each in North Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Maine). For the Indian water domain, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim wave hindcast data covering a period of 36 years have been utilized for this purpose. For the locations in Mediterranean Sea and North America, both ERA-Interim wave hindcast and buoy data are considered. The reasons for the variation in return value estimates of the ERA-Interim data and the buoy data using different estimation models are assessed in detail.