bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elderly Gravida with Bombay Blood Group and Placenta Previa Managed with Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: Paudyal Pooja , Gurung Geeta , Adhikari Ashmita , Maskey Suvana , Baral Josie
Published: December 2020

The Bombay blood group is a rare blood type with an incidence of around one in a million. There is no known reported case of an obstetric patient with the Bombay blood group from Nepal. People with this rare blood group can receive blood only from those with the same blood type. We report an elderly gravida with the Bombay blood group who had a pregnancy complicated by diabetes, placenta previa, and transverse lie (back up) following an in vitro fertilization. Placenta previa posed a greater risk of hemorrhage and hence the need for transfusion. The main challenge was arranging blood for transfusion, and as the Bombay blood group was unavailable, she was managed with autologous blood transfusion which was performed for the first time in a pregnant lady in our institute. She underwent Cesarean section for placenta previa with transverse lie, and both mother and baby were sent home in good health.
Recurrent Pneumothorax with CPAP Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rajdev Kartikeya , Idiculla Pretty Sara , Sharma Shubham , Von Essen Susanna G. , Murphy Peter J. , Bista Sabin
Published: December 2020

Pulmonary barotrauma such as pneumothorax (PTX) is a known complication of invasive mechanical ventilation. However, it is uncommonly reported with the use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) therapy. We present a case of a 66-year-old female who presented with chronic dyspnea on exertion secondary to right-sided diaphragmatic hernia. The patient also underwent a home sleep study which suggested obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for which she was initiated on CPAP. She then underwent surgical repair of her right diaphragmatic hernia. The patient developed pneumothorax three times over the course of the following several months, once on the right side and twice on the left side. The patient’s incidences of PTX had a temporal association with the CPAP initiation. Her CPAP therapy was discontinued permanently after the third occurrence of PTX. With this case report, we highlight the risk of barotrauma with the use of CPAP for OSA. There are very few reported cases of PTX in association with NPPV therapy for OSA. The lung-protective ventilation strategies and limiting the positive airway pressures can help reduce the risk of pulmonary barotrauma with CPAP.
Antibody Peptides as Cancer Vaccine—Turning Weapons to Targets
Authors: Seiffert Martina
Published: December 2020

Stereotyped B-cell receptors (BCR) are frequent in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In cell culture and in mouse models of CLL, immunogenic epitopes of these BCRs were shown to trigger specific T-cell responses and to control leukemia development. These results suggest vaccination with autologous BCR-derived peptides as a novel therapy for CLL.

See related article by Rovida et al., p. 729
Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description
Authors: Morales Febles Raúl , Negrín Mena Natalia , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana Elena , Díaz Martín Laura , González Rinne Federico , Marrero Miranda Domingo , González Rinne Ana , Álvarez González Alejandra , Pérez Tamajón Lourdes , Acosta Sørensen Cristian , Rodríguez Hernández Aurelio , Domínguez-Rodríguez Alberto , García Baute Maria del Carmen , Torres Ramírez Armando , Porrini Esteban
Published: December 2020

Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months). The majority of late PTDM occurs in subjects with prediabetes after transplantation. So, treating patients with prediabetes, a potentially reversible condition, might help preventing PTDM. In the general population, exercise prevents the evolution from prediabetes to diabetes. However, in renal transplantation, not enough evidence is available in this field. Objectives: We designed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the feasibility of exercise to reverse prediabetes as a first step in the design of a trial to prevent PTDM. Methods: Only patients with prediabetes beyond 12 months after transplantation with capacity to perform exercise will be included. Prediabetes will be diagnosed based on fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Patients will be treated with a stepped training intervention, starting with aerobic exercise training (brisk walking, swimming, and cycling) 5 times per week and 30 min/day. Aerobic exercise training will be gradually increased to 60 min/day or eventually combined with anaerobic exercise training in case of persistent prediabetes. The reversibility/persistence of prediabetes will be measured with fasting glucose and OGTTs every 3 months. This study will last for 12 months.
A ansiedade dos mestrandos e doutorandos em contabilidade
Authors: Coelho Weverton Eugênio , Nascimento Eduardo Mendes
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o efeito que a motivação, a autoeficácia e variáveis sociodemográficas exercem sobre a ansiedade dos mestrandos e doutorandos em Contabilidade. A amostra foi composta por 246 mestrandos e 76 doutorandos de todos os programas de mestrado e doutorado em Contabilidade do Brasil. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço, para determinar o nível de ansiedade; a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida, para levantar o nível de autoeficácia; e a Escala de Motivação Acadêmica, para determinar o nível de motivação intrínseca e extrínseca e de desmotivação. Os dados foram analisados através de regressão linear, utilizando a técnica Stepwise Backward. Os resultados revelaram uma predominância de ansiedade nas discentes do gênero feminino em comparação aos discentes do gênero masculino. Em relação ao objetivo primário do trabalho, concluiu-se que a ansiedade é negativa e significativamente impactada pela autoeficácia. Contudo, ela é positiva e significativamente impactada pela motivação extrínseca por controle externo e pela desmotivação. Concluiu-se, também, que preditores, como o nível de motivação para prosseguir nos estudos, ter idade abaixo de 24 anos, o tipo de pós-graduação (se mestrado ou doutorado), receber apoio psiquiátrico/psicológico, receber bolsa acadêmica, o desempenho e o gênero, são significativos para a análise da ansiedade.
The Origins of the Biblical Aramaic Reading Tradition
Authors: Suchard Benjamin D.
Published: December 2020

The many qere notes in the Aramaic passages of the Hebrew Bible show that the Biblical Aramaic reading tradition goes back to a different variety of Aramaic than the consonantal texts. While this qere dialect differs in important respects from every well-attested dialect of Aramaic, it closely resembles a small number of documents from first- and second-century CE Palestine. This suggests that this was the time and place at which the reading tradition was fixed, not just of the Biblical Aramaic portions of the Hebrew Bible, but of the Hebrew Bible in its entirety.
Neoclypeodytes Young from Panama, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini)
Authors: SCHEERS KEVIN , HÁJEK JIŘÍ
Published: December 2020

Minute Bidessini diving beetles of the genus Neoclypeodytes Young, 1967 from Panama are reviewed. Two new species, Neoclypeodytes balkei sp. nov. and N. fortunensis sp. nov. are described from Campana, Panama Province in central Panama, and La Fortuna, Chiriqui province in western Panama, respectively. Both species differ from all congeners by the colour pattern of the elytra and the shape of the male genitalia. Additionally, we provide a short diagnosis, illustrations and a new record for N. curtulus (Sharp, 1882). Furthermore, we report on the presence of scale-like setae at the apex of median lobe of the aedeagus of N. curtulus and N. fortunensis sp. nov., a character not previously observed in Neoclypeodytes species. With the addition of these two new species, there are now three species of Neoclypeodytes known from Panama and south of Guatemala.
A new species of Phenacorhamdia Dahl 1961 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Paranapanema River basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: SILVA GABRIEL S. C.
Published: December 2020

A new species of Phenacorhamdia is described from Paranapanema River, Upper Paraná River basin, southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of following characters 45−46 vertebrae; an entirely dark-brown body; nine pleural ribs; eight branched rays in upper lobe of caudal fin; seven branched rays in pectoral fin; 13 anal-fin rays with 9−10 branched; first basal radial inserted at the 13th vertebrae and eight branchiostegal rays.
Long‐term outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis in the rescue therapy era: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Festa Stefano , Scribano Maria L. , Pugliese Daniela , Bezzio Cristina , Principi Mariabeatrice , Ribaldone Davide G. , Allocca Mariangela , Mocci Giammarco , Bodini Giorgia , Spagnuolo Rocco , Vernia Piero , Mazzuoli Silvia , Costa Francesco , Barberio Brigida , Cosintino Rocco , Zerboni Giulia , Aratari Annalisa , Armuzzi Alessandro , Papi Claudio
Published: December 2020

Background

The long‐term course of ulcerative colitis after a severe attack is poorly understood. Second‐line rescue therapy with cyclosporine or infliximab is effective for reducing short‐term colectomy but the impact in the long‐term is controversial.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term course of acute severe ulcerative colitis patients who avoid early colectomy either because of response to steroids or rescue therapy.

Methods

This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study of adult patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis admitted to Italian inflammatory bowel disease referral centres from 2005 to 2017. All patients received intravenous steroids, and those who did not respond received either rescue therapy or colectomy. For patients who avoided early colectomy (within 3 months from the index attack), we recorded the date of colectomy, last follow‐up visit or death. The primary end‐point was long‐term colectomy rate in patients avoiding early colectomy.

Results

From the included 372 patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis, 337 (90.6%) avoided early colectomy. From those, 60.5% were responsive to steroids and 39.5% to the rescue therapy. Median follow‐up was 44 months (interquartile range, 21–85). Colectomy‐free survival probability was 93.5%, 81.5% and 79.4% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Colectomy risk was higher among rescue therapy users than in steroid‐responders (log‐rank test, p = 0.02). At multivariate analysis response to steroids was independently associated with a lower risk of long‐term colectomy (adjusted odds ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–0.8), while previous exposure to antitumour necrosis factor‐α agents was associated with an increased risk (adjusted odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–5.7). Approximately 50% of patients required additional therapy or new hospitalisation within 5 years due to a recurrent flare. Death occurred in three patients (0.9%).

Conclusions

Patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis avoiding early colectomy are at risk of long‐term colectomy, especially if previously exposed to antitumour necrosis factor‐α agents or if rescue therapy during the acute attack was required because of steroid refractoriness.
Immune phenotype of patients with stage IV metastatic inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Fernandez Sandra V. , MacFarlane Alexander W. , Jillab Mowafaq , Arisi Maria F. , Yearley Jennifer , Annamalai Lakshmanan , Gong Yulan , Cai Kathy Q. , Alpaugh R. Katherine , Cristofanilli Massimo , Campbell Kerry S.
Published: December 2020

Background

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive carcinoma characterized by severe erythema and edema of the breast, with many patients presenting in advanced metastatic disease. The “inflammatory” nature is not due to classic immune-mediated inflammation, but instead results from tumor-mediated blockage of dermal lymphatic ducts. Previous work has shown that expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells can suppress T cell activation in triple-negative (TN) non-IBC breast cancer. In the present work, we investigated immune parameters in peripheral blood of metastatic IBC patients to determine whether cellular components of the immune system are altered, thereby contributing to pathogenesis of the disease. These immune parameters were also compared to PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in IBC tumor biopsies.

Methods

Flow cytometry-based immune phenotyping was performed using fresh peripheral blood from 14 stage IV IBC patients and compared to 11 healthy age-similar control women. Immunohistochemistry for CD20, CD3, PD-1, and PD-L1 was performed on tumor biopsies of these metastatic IBC patients.

Results

IBC patients with Stage IV disease had lymphopenia with significant reductions in circulating T, B, and NK cells. Reductions were observed in all subsets of CD4+T cells, whereas reductions in CD8+T cells were more concentrated in memory subsets. Immature cytokine-producing CD56brightNK cells expressed higher levels of FcγRIIIa and cytolytic granule components, suggesting accelerated maturation to cytolytic CD56dimcells. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsies demonstrated moderate to high expression of PD-1 in 18.2% of patients and of PD-L1 in 36.4% of patients. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between co-expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-1 in tumor biopsies, and higher expression of PD-L1 in tumor biopsies correlated with higher expression of cytolytic granule components in blood CD4+T cells and CD56dimNK cells, and higher numbers of CD8+effector memory T cells in peripheral blood. PD-1 expression in tumor also correlated with increased infiltration of CD20+B cells in the tumor.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that while lymphocyte populations are severely compromised in stage IV IBC patients, an immune response toward the tumor had occurred in some patients, providing biological rationale to evaluate PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies for IBC.
Primary and secondary infertility in Africa: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Abebe Melese Shenkut , Afework Mekbeb , Abaynew Yeshiwas
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Infertility is a practical concern of Africans due to social disgrace and exclusion. This meta-analysis aims to analyze the proportion of primary and secondary infertility and identify the etiologic factors based on the studies conducted in Africa.

METHODS

An internet-based search was conducted on the following databases; PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and google scholar. Both population and institution-based studies conducted among African couples, males, and females were included. Data extraction and critical appraisal of the articles were done by two independent investigators. Meta-analysis using a random effect model was conducted by Stata version 14. Forest plot, heterogeneity test, and funnel plot for publication bias were performed.

RESULTS

The pooled proportion of primary and secondary infertility in Africa was 49.91% (I2 = 98.7, chi-square = 1509.01, degree of freedom = 19 and p < 0.001) and 49.79% (I2 = 98.7, chi-square = 1472.69, degree of freedom = 19 and p < 0.001) respectively. The pooled prevalence of the causes of infertility indicated that 54.01% and 22.26% of the infertility cases were respectively due to female and male-related problems. In 21.36% of infertility cases, both sexes were affected, while 10.4% of the causes of infertility were unexplained. The pooled prevalence of mostly reported causes of male infertility was 31% (oligospermia), 19.39% (asthenozoospermia), and 19.2% (varicocele). The most commonly identified causes of female infertility were pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal factors, and abortion with a pooled prevalence of 39.38%, 39.17%, and 36.41% respectively.

Conclusions

In Africa, the proportion of primary and secondary infertility is approximately equal. Infertility is mostly due to female-related causes like; pelvic inflammatory diseases, uterine tube related problems, and abortion. Oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, and varicocele were the commonest causes of male-related infertility. It is suggested that interpretation and utilization of these findings should consider the presence of substantial heterogeneity between the included studies.
Factors influencing the effectiveness of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin on disseminated intravascular coagulation: a retrospective study
Authors: Asai Yuki , Yamamoto Takanori , Kito Daisuke , Ichikawa Kazuya , Abe Yasuharu
Published: December 2020

Background

Although recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has been widely used to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan, there is no consensus regarding rTM efficacy. Therefore, if the factors influencing rTM efficacy is revealed, it may be possible to demonstrate the effectiveness of rTM by limiting the patients who use rTM. This study investigated the factors of rTM treatment which influence DIC status.

Methods

This retrospective case-control study enrolled hospitalized adult patients treated with rTM from October 2010 to May 2020. Among these patients, 227 who were diagnosed with DIC according to the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine DIC scoring system were assessed. The primary endpoint was the 28-day mortality after rTM treatment. For Cox-proportional hazards model, explanatory factors determined using univariate analysis withp <  0.1 were used. In addition, some factors considered to affect DIC-related mortality such as age ≥ 75 years, rTM dose ≥380 U/kg, antithrombin III treatment, and diseases with a poor prognosis (sepsis, solid tumors, and trauma) were added as covariates.

Results

Univariate analyses suggested that male sex (p = 0.029), treatment in intensive care unit (p = 0.061), and prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) (p <  0.001) were the factors influencing DIC-related 28-day mortality after rTM treatment. According to Cox-proportional hazard analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for DIC-related 28-day mortality in patients with PT-INR ≥ 1.67 was 2.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.451–3.433,p <  0.001), age ≥ 75 years was 1.57 (95% confidence interval: 1.009–2.439,p = 0.046), and male sex was 1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.065–2.573,p = 0.025), respectively. As life-threatening bleeding events were not observed, prolonged PT-INR might directly or indirectly affect DIC-related mortality caused by rTM treatment.

Conclusion

rTM treatment for DIC was less effective in male patients with PT-INR ≥ 1.67 and age ≥ 75 years.
Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies in basidiomycete fungi and their application to natural product research
Authors: Alberti Fabrizio , Kaleem Saraa , Weaver Jack A.
Published: December 2020

Basidiomycota are a large and diverse phylum of fungi. They can make bioactive metabolites that are used or have inspired the synthesis of antibiotics and agrochemicals. Terpenoids are the most abundant class of natural products encountered in this taxon. Other natural product classes have been described, including polyketides, peptides, and indole alkaloids. The discovery and study of natural products made by basidiomycete fungi has so far been hampered by several factors, which include their slow growth and complex genome architecture. Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies are allowing researchers to more easily tackle the secondary metabolome of basidiomycete fungi. Inexpensive long-read whole-genome sequencing enables the assembly of high-quality genomes, improving the scaffold upon which natural product gene clusters can be predicted. CRISPR/Cas9-based engineering of basidiomycete fungi has been described and will have an important role in linking natural products to their genetic determinants. Platforms for the heterologous expression of basidiomycete genes and gene clusters have been developed, enabling natural product biosynthesis studies. Molecular network analyses and publicly available natural product databases facilitate data dereplication and natural product characterisation. These technological advances combined are prompting a revived interest in natural product discovery from basidiomycete fungi.

This article has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author of the paper.
Synthesis of 9-Substituted Fluorenols and Heteroring-fused Analogues by Intramolecular C–H Functionalization
Authors: Kurimoto Yuji , Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji
Published: December 2020

A method for the selective synthesis of 9-substituted fluorenols (FOLs) was developed by suppressing intermolecular cyclization and promoting intramolecular C–H functionalization. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of heteroring-fused FOLs. Further, the obtained FOLs were converted to fulvenes by dehydration.
Should interventional radiology gain speciality status within the royal college of radiologists?
Authors: Kilic Yakup , Illyas Shahzad
Published: December 2020

Interventional Radiology (IR) medicine’s best kept secret will revolutionise healthcare like never before. The legacy Charles Dotter left behind not only showcases IR’s pursuit of innovative and complex techniques in order to provide better treatment options for patients, it also sparked an opportunity for radiologists to use their imagination and creativity to develop IR into a speciality catering for the 21st century. By utilising imaging as well as clinical and minimal invasive surgical knowledge IRs are able to play an integral role in caring for patients in nearly all specialities.

Over the past few decades, the absence of radiology in the leadership management arena has allowed other specialities to perpetuate turf wars and utilise techniques developed by IR. A concerted effort is required by the wider radiology community to address the problems faced by IR and to recognise its true potential as a speciality to further improve patient care.
Experiences and perspectives of nursing students on self-management promotion in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Adeleke Adedolapo , Llahana Sofia
Published: December 2020

Background/aims

Self-management in patients with coronary heart disease is essential to the prevention of cardiac complications and the minimisation of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions of student nurses on promotion of self-management and lifestyle changes in patients with coronary heart disease.

Methods

A qualitative methodology was adopted using semi-structured face-to-face interviews with undergraduate nursing students in their third and fourth year of studies. Through purposive sampling, eight participants were recruited from a higher education institute in Scotland. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes emerged: self-management, barriers to effective self-management and health promotion. The perceived barriers included lack of effective communication, patients' perception of their illness and lack of time and identified motivators to good delivery of health promotion.

Conclusions

Pre-registration healthcare students may benefit from more education on patient self-management from a theoretical and practical perspective. Post-registration education might also be useful to nurses to increase their knowledge and confidence in the delivery of health promotion to patients.
Highlighting the latest research: November 2020
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: December 2020

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.
Understanding skin infections in older adults
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: December 2020

Skin infections and soft-tissue conditions are known to be common in older adults. Sarah Jane Palmer covers the basic principles of assessment, investigation and treatment

Skin infections are extremely common throughout the community in older people. Cellulitis and infected ulcers are the most common cutaneous skin infections in older adults, but various other aetiologies can be identified by community nurses and healthcare staff throughout their area's patient population. Staphylococcus aureus is common and increases morbidity so prompt identification is required. Assessment of the skin and appropriate swabbing is necessary and crucial in order to be proficient when looking after people with skin conditions and infections in the community. This article will cover the basic principles of assessment, investigation and treatment, as well as encouraging an awareness of risk, touching on the common predictors of skin infections in older people
ACT NOW in diabetes and foot assessments: an essential service
Authors: Phillips Anne , Edmonds Michael , Holmes Patrick , Robbie Jayne , Odiase Charles , Grumitt John
Published: December 2020

Due to concerns around foot assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic, the iDEAL group have recommended an acronym – ACT NOW – to help health professionals and people with diabetes to recognise the warning signs that might lead to amputation
Outcomes of isoniazid preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Kenya: A retrospective study of routine health care data
Authors: Karanja Muthoni , Kingwara Leonard , Owiti Philip , Kirui Elvis , Ngari Faith , Kiplimo Richard , Maina Maurice , Masini Enos , Onyango Elizabeth , Ngugi Catherine
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) taken by People Living with HIV (PLHIV) protects against active tuberculosis (TB). Despite its recommendation, data is scarce on the uptake of IPT among PLHIV and factors associated with treatment outcomes. We aimed at determining the proportion of PLHIV initiated on IPT, assessed TB screening practices during and after IPT and IPT treatment outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of a representative sample of PLHIV initiated on IPT between July 2015 and June 2018 in Kenya. For PLHIV initiated on IPT during the study period, we abstracted patient IPT uptake data from the National data warehouse. In contrast, we obtained information on socio-demographic, TB screening practices, IPT initiation, follow up, and outcomes from health facilities' patient record cards, IPT cards, and IPT registers. Further, we assessed baseline characteristics as potential correlates of developing active TB during and after treatment and IPT completion using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

From the data warehouse, 138,442 PLHIV were enrolled into ART during the study period and initiated 95,431 (68.9%) into IPT. We abstracted 4708 patients’ files initiated on IPT, out of which 3891(82.6%) had IPT treatment outcomes documented, 4356(92.5%) had ever screened for TB at every clinic visit, and 4,243(90.1%) had documentation of TB screening on the IPT tool before IPT initiation. 3712(95.4%) of patients with documented IPT treatment outcomes completed their treatment. 42(0.89%) of the abstracted patients developed active TB,16(38.1%) during, and 26(61.9%) after completing IPT. Follow up for active TB at 6-month post-IPT completion was done for 2729(73.5%) of patients with IPT treatment outcomes. Sex, Viral load suppression, and clinic type were associated with TB development (p<0.05). Levels 4, 5, FBO, and private facilities and IPT prescription practices were associated with IPT completion (p<0.05).

Conclusion

IPT initiation stands at two-thirds of the PLHIV, with a high completion rate. TB screening practices were better during IPT than after completion. Development of active TB during and after IPT emphasizes the need for a keen follow up.
SELVa: Simulator of evolution with landscape variation
Authors: Nabieva Elena , Bazykin Georgii A.
Published: December 2020

Organisms evolve to increase their fitness, a process that may be described as climbing the fitness landscape. However, the fitness landscape of an individual site, i.e., the vector of fitness values corresponding to different variants at this site, can itself change with time due to changes in the environment or substitutions at other epistatically interacting sites. While there exist a number of simulators for modeling different aspects of molecular evolution, very few can accommodate changing landscapes. We present SELVa, the Simulator of Evolution with Landscape Variation, aimed at modeling the substitution process under a changing single-position fitness landscape in a set of evolving lineages that form a phylogeny of arbitrary shape. Written in Java and distributed as an executable jar file, SELVa provides a flexible framework that allows the user to choose from a number of implemented rules governing landscape change.
Characterization of commercial poultry farms in Mexico: Towards a better understanding of biosecurity practices and antibiotic usage patterns
Authors: Ornelas-Eusebio Erika , García-Espinosa Gary , Laroucau Karine , Zanella Gina
Published: December 2020

Mexico is one of the world’s major poultry producing countries. Two significant challenges currently facing the poultry industry are the responsible and judicious use of antimicrobials, and the potential occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. For example, repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H7N3 have occurred in poultry since its first detection in Mexico in 2012. Both of these challenges can be addressed through good husbandry practices and the application of on-farm biosecurity measures. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the biosecurity measures practiced across different types of poultry farms in Mexico, and (ii) to collect information regarding antimicrobial usage. A cross-sectional study was carried out through on-farm interviews on 43 poultry farms. A multiple correspondence analysis was performed to characterize the farms based on their pattern of biosecurity practices and antimicrobial usage. Three clusters of farms were identified using an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. In each cluster, a specific farm type was predominant. The biosecurity measures that significantly differentiated the visited farms, thus allowing their clusterization, were: the use of personal protective equipment (e.g. face masks, hair caps, and eye protection), the requirement for a hygiene protocol before and after entering the farm, the use of exclusive working clothes by staff and visitors, footbath presence at the barn entrance, and the mortality disposal strategy. The more stringent the biosecurity measures on farms within a cluster, the fewer the farms that used antimicrobials. Farms with more biosecurity breaches used antimicrobials considered critically important for public health. These findings could be helpful to understand how to guide strategies to reinforce compliance with biosecurity practices identified as critical according to the farm type. We conclude by providing certain recommendations to improve on-farm biosecurity measures.
Dissecting seed pigmentation-associated genomic loci and genes by employing dual approaches of reference-based and k-mer-based GWAS with 438 Glycine accessions
Authors: Kim Jin-Hyun , Park Joo-Seok , Lee Chae-Young , Jeong Min-Gyun , Xu Jiu Liang , Choi Yongsoo , Jung Ho-Won , Choi Hong-Kyu
Published: December 2020

The soybean is agro-economically the most important among all cultivated legume crops, and its seed color is considered one of the most attractive factors in the selection-by-breeders. Thus, genome-wide identification of genes and loci associated with seed colors is critical for the precision breeding of crop soybeans. To dissect seed pigmentation-associated genomic loci and genes, we employed dual approaches by combining reference-based genome-wide association study (rbGWAS) and k-mer-based reference-free GWAS (rfGWAS) with 438Glycineaccessions. The dual analytical strategy allowed us to identify four major genomic loci (designated asSP1-SP4in this study) associated with the seed colors of soybeans. The k-mer analysis enabled us to find an important recombination event that occurred between subtilisin and I-cluster B in the soybean genome, which could describe a special structural feature ofiiallele within theIlocus (SP3). Importantly, mapping analyses of both mRNAs and small RNAs allowed us to reveal that the subtilisin-CHS1/CHS3 chimeric transcripts generate and act as an initiator towards ‘mirtron (i.e., intron-harboring miRNA precursor)’-triggered silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Consequently, the results led us to propose a working model of ‘mirtron-triggered gene silencing (MTGS)’ to elucidate a long-standing puzzle in the genome-wide CHS gene silencing mechanism. In summary, our study reports four major genomic loci, lists of key genes and genome-wide variations that are associated with seed pigmentation in soybeans. In addition, we propose that the MTGS mechanism plays a crucial role in the genome-wide silencing of CHS genes, thereby suggesting a clue to currently predominant soybean cultivars with the yellow seed coat. Finally, this study will provide a broad insight into the interactions and correlations among seed color-associated genes and loci within the context of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways.
Dancesong
Authors: Snowber Celeste
Published: December 2020

Dancesong is a reflective article that explores the author’s somatic and dance practice in times of isolation in a pandemic: walking, dancing and writing in sites in proximity to her home. On the edge of wild and urban landscapes as well as the inner landscape of fragility, she takes her feet walking as a way of opening up attention and exploring the intimacy of embodied ways of inquiry. Mud, sea, soil and flora become the terrain where these somatic and poetic reflections occur. In a collaboration with creation, the invitation is to respond to the moment through tiny dances and inhabiting the fullness of what it means to be present. As an arts-based researcher, this article is written in poetic and visceral language, honouring the relationship between language emerging from the breath and syntax of flesh and blood, bone and ligaments. Poetic language and poetry are central to responding to creation and being recreated as a way of articulating. Peppered through this short piece is poetry, images and videos of movement practices that evoke a call and response in creation. The reader is invited to open to the wisdom of embodied knowing and be recreated through their own somatic practices.
Making television fiction in a commercial context: Commercialization, ideology and entertainment in a production study of Greek private television
Authors: Aitaki Georgia
Published: December 2020

This article draws from interviews with creators of television fiction (directors and screenwriters) with professional experience in Greek private television and examines how and why fiction programmes are produced in a commercial context. By focusing on the first decade of private television in Greece, an era popularly remembered as the ‘golden age of Greek television’, this study makes use of accounts from ‘exclusive informants’ in order to complicate facile assumptions about the relationship between commercialization, ideology and entertainment. As such, this article aspires to update the (limited) scholarship on Greek television production culture and to contribute to the recent research focusing specifically on private television in Greece.
Caught in the war against gambling: A critical analysis of law history and policy making in video games in Greece
Authors: Roinioti Elina
Published: December 2020

The advent of the video game industry brought about new cultural policies in both the national and international levels. In particular, incentives and flexible funding programmes for the production of video games have become a key pillar of support for small, domestic, but also global game companies. In Greece, video game policy history has followed the developments and legal entanglements of gambling regulation, with serious national and international consequences. From the Royal Decree of 1971 to Law 3037/2002 that banned all games in public and private places until the most recent Law 4487/2017, which established a cash rebate scheme for audio-visual productions, this article aims to analyse Greece’s video game policy-making as captured through scattered laws, media articles and personal testimonies.
Ο kalvos sta ichni tou ‘longinou’: Enas anthropos ton grammaton stin evropi tou 19ou aiona (‘Kalvos in the footsteps of “Longinus”: A man of letters in nineteenth-century Europe’), Angela Yioti (2019)
Authors: Ricks David
Published: December 2020

Review of: Ο kalvos sta ichni tou ‘longinou’: Enas anthropos ton grammaton stin evropi tou 19ou aiona (‘Kalvos in the footsteps of “Longinus”: A man of letters in nineteenth-century Europe’), Angela Yioti (2019)

Athens: Antipodes, 478 pp.,

ISBN 978-618-5267-05-6, p/bk, €18.00
NATIONAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL: SYSTEM GROWTH FACTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Mezhov Stepan Igorevich , Mezhov Igor Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the problems of the formation and development of corporate business organization in solving the problems of economic growth in Russia. Modern corporations of developed countries, possessing huge tangible and non-tangible assets, human capital and advanced technologies, are essentially the main drivers of economic development. By constantly investing significant amounts of capital in the creation of innovative products, corporations play a leading role, both in existing markets, and create new ones, receiving not only average industry profits, but also rents. Large corporations play a special role in national economies, since it is they who practically implement scientific and technological progress, create jobs, provide orders to small and medium enterprises, and make a significant contribution to the country’s GDP and significant tax revenues. Creating conditions for the emergence and development of large corporations in Russia is an urgent task, including for the implementation of national projects and economic growth programs, the implementation of which until now has been hampered by the inadequate organization of the national economy.
A társadalmi tőke egyes elemeinek hatása együttműködő dunántúli borászati vállalatok árpolitikájára
Authors: Józsa László , Brányi Árpád
Published: December 2020

Napjainkban a vállalati együttműködések korábbiaknál erőteljesebb piaci jelenléte figyelhető meg a gazdaság számos területén, a stratégiai szövetségektől a beszállítói hálózatokon keresztül a klaszterekig. A piaci szereplők együttműködése versenyelőnyt biztosíthat, megkönnyítheti piaci térnyerésüket, továbbá a vállalati növekedést. Mind a nemzetközi, mind a magyar borágazat dinamikus átalakuláson megy keresztül, sorra jelennek meg a különféle vállalatközi együttműködések, kooperációk. A szerzők tanulmányukban feltárják a társadalmi tőke azon puha (soft) tényezőit, melyek révén a gazdasági szereplők hajlandóak összefogni, továbbá az együttműködés jellege szerint tipizálják és csoportosítják az együttműködésben részt vevő borászatokat. Ez a tipizálás segítséget nyújt a kooperáló borászati vállalatok árképzési politikájának mélyebb megismerésében.
A központi bankok társadalmi felelőssége (Social responsibility of central banks)
Authors: Lentner Csaba , Szegedi Krisztina , Tatay Tibor
Published: December 2020

A szerzők tanulmányukban bemutatják a vállalati gyakorlatból ismert vállalati társadalmi felelősségvállalás (CSR) koncepció lehetséges központi banki értelmezését, kitérve a központi bankok gazdasági, jogi, etikai és filantróp (jótékonysági) felelősségére. Megközelítésüket az amerikai (FED), az európai (EKB) és a magyar (MNB) központi bank gyakorlatán keresztül mutatják be. Dolgozatuk alapgondolata, hogy egy valóban felelős intézmény minden rendelkezésére álló eszközzel a társadalmi jólétet segíti elő, ahogy a társadalom tagjai vonatkozásában Adam Smith megfogalmazta bő kétszáz évvel ezelőtt. ____ This paper studies a possible interpretation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) known from business translated to the sphere of central banks, including the central banks’ economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic (charity) responsibilities. The authors’ approach is presented through practices of the American (FED), the European (ECB), and the Hungarian (MNB) Central Banks. The main idea in this paper is that a responsible organisation uses all means possible to improve social wealth, as stated by Adam Smith in relevance to the members of the society over two hundred years ago.
A prevenção da doença renal começa na infância
Authors: Mendes Raíssa Maria de Souza , Costa Jorge de Assis , Coelho France Araújo , Oliveira Maria Augusta Coutinho de Andrade , Segheto Wellington , Da Silva Luiz Felipe Lopes
Published: December 2020

Em 2016 a Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN) lançou a campanha “A Prevenção da doença renal começa na infância”. A intenção é alertar a população para a adoção de hábitos saudáveis desde a infância e assim reduzir a incidência de doença renal (DRC). Atualmente vivenciamos um aumento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, a maioria dessas doenças estão associadas ao aumento da obesidade na sociedade contemporânea. Portanto, a prevenção e o combate à obesidade desde a infância, constituem armas poderosas na prevenção da hipertensão e de suas complicações como o infarto, o derrame, o diabetes e a insuficiência renal crônica na idade adulta. Conscientizar a partir da infância à importância da função renal, e quais são os fatores de risco para a doença renal crônica (DRC) e suas consequências. O projeto de extensão, com o mesmo nome da campanha, teve início em março de 2016 e consiste em promover palestras sobre a importância dos rins no nosso organismo, e o que fazer para evitar que doenças renais possam surgir. São abordados temas em linguagem simples, de fácil entendimento, sobre à adoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida para a prevenção da DRC, como alimentação saudável e prática de atividades físicas, dentre outras. As monitoras de saúde pública, do curso de medicina, promovem palestras sobre o assunto utilizando prioritariamente o material desenvolvido pela SBN. Após as palestras, é feito a aferição do IMC para idade dos alunos, através da classificação das curvas da Organização Mundial de Saúde, os valores são anotados e entregues aos alunos, para que possam levar ao conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis. No primeiro semestre de 2016, o projeto ocorreu em duas ocasiões em escolas municipais do município de Ubá-MG. Ao todo 266 crianças (151 meninas e 115 meninos) com idade entre 7 e 10 anos assistiram as palestras e receberam as orientações. A avalição do IMC nos permitiu observar que 27,44% (n=73) apresentavam peso inadequado e estava acima do peso 23,30% (n=62), o que demonstra alto percentual de inadequação do peso. Analisando este fator de risco quanto ao sexo das crianças, pôde se observar que o risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso, foram maiores nas meninas, enquanto a obesidade foi maior nos meninos. Conclui-se que é de suma importância a conscientização da DRC desde a infância. Mudanças nos hábitos de vida infantil como: alimentação saudável e prática de atividade física podem levar à redução da incidência da doença na vida adulta.
Aprendendo a ensinar com metodologias inovadoras de ensino: um relato de experiência em trabalho interprofissional com docentes de um curso de medicina na Amazônia ocidental
Authors: Guimarãe Daniela Moreira Quinto de Sousa , Araújo Catarina Augusta Vaquer
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Mudanças são necessárias na educação de profissionais da área da saúde para alcançar um trabalho interprofissional de qualidade. A utilização de metodologias inovadoras de ensino ainda na graduação pode modificar as ações dos egressos na prática de saúde nesse sentido. Objetivos: Promover a integração interprofissional entre os docentes do Curso de Medicina, padronizando subsídios de planejamento docente, avaliação e registro das atividades acadêmicas. Fomentar a necessidade de interdisciplinaridade através de estratégias de ensino ativador. Métodos: Foram realizadas oficinas com os docentes do primeiro ano de um Curso de Medicina localizado em um dos Estados que compõe a Amazônia Ocidental. Esses foram organizados em grupos com até cinco participantes, utilizando o Arco de Maguerez para construir conhecimentos sobre as seguintes temáticas: Metodologias Ativas e andragogia, elaboração de questões, avaliação formativa, mapas conceituais e contrato pedagógico. Resultados: Participaram em média 10 docentes: dois médicos, uma médica veterinária, dois enfermeiros, um estatístico, um sociólogo e três biomédicos. Os produtos foram expostos ao grande grupo. Esses se posicionaram como alunos ativos na construção interprofissional de novos conhecimentos e apresentaram produtos de qualidade oriundos das temáticas desenvolvidas. Ao final, verbalizaram satisfação com o trabalho desenvolvido, porém, apresentaram ansiedade pelo novo, natural pelo fato de serem em sua maioria bacharéis ou adeptos das tendências tradicionais de ensino. Conclusões: O trabalho em pequenos grupos com o Arco de Maguerez proporcionou uma interação interprofissional ímpar. Esse, portanto, foi o primeiro dos vários trabalhos desenvolvidos nesse curso com a intenção de melhorar o ensino nesse Curso.
A interprofissionalidade como estrategias para mudanças no ensino uma proposta do PET-graduaSUS/UFPB
Authors: Santos Rafael da Costa , Serrano Rossana Maria Souto Maior , Gomes Anna Luiza Castro , Leadebal Oriana Deyze Correia Paiva
Published: December 2020

A Educação Interprofissional (EIP) é tida como uma importante estratégia para formar recursos humanos para o trabalho em equipe, prática essencial para a integralidade no cuidado em saúde. Atualmente a formação com intensa carga horária, isolada e circunscrita  à própria área de atuação tem levado os profissionais de saúde a atuarem de forma pontual e restrita à suas especialidades. Diversos autores destacam que a EIP contribui para uma formação fundamentada na colaboração e no reconhecimento de interdependência  das  áreas predominam sobre a competição e a fragmentação. Este trabalho apresenta o relato da experiência de criação de uma disciplina multidisciplinar e interprofissional para os cursos de saúde da UFPB. A proposta nasce na Oficina: Construindo a Educação Interprofissional nos Cursos de Saúde que contou com a participação de professores, estudantes e preceptores, promovendo um espaço para relatos de experiências exitosas com a EIP, além de reflexões sobre o processo de formação em saúde da UFPB. Como resultado da oficina foi estruturado um componente flexível, com o envolvimento de professores dos cursos envolvidos no PETGRADUASUS. Foram realizadas reuniões para construção do programa e metodologia, na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado, integração entre os participantes e está fundamentada no cuidado interdisciplinar, na integralidade e no uso de metodologias ativas.  O componente busca desenvolver competências comuns a todas as profissões,  competências colaborativas e o respeito as competências específicas de cada área profissional. Foram realizadas reuniões com trabalhadores e residentes objetivando a identificação de casos e vivencias a serem utilizados na prática de ensino da disciplina. O componente tem carga horária de 45 horas, conta com o envolvimento de 6 professores da área de saúde pública, está estruturado com momentos de integração e dispersão. A dispersão ocorrerá em grupos multiprofissionais com a orientação de um docente e inserção nas vivencias da rede SUS.