bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Guru dalam Menangani Gangguan Keterlambatan Berbicara (Speech Delay) yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Interaksi Sosial Anak Usia Dini di TK Negeri Pembina Surabaya
Authors: Taseman Taseman , Safaruddin Safaruddin , Erfansyah Nasrul Fuad , Purwani Wilujeng Asih , Femenia Fahriza Femenia
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this research is to find out the teacher's strategy in dealing with delays in speaking disorders that affect the social interaction of early childhood. The research population is Surabaya State Kindergarten Students. This type of research is the field using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews. The results showed that the specific speech delay experienced by children in TK Negeri Pembina Surabaya was due to two factors, namely internal in children originating from parents' innate factors, and external factors due to lack of language stimulation from their parents. Although children experience delays in speaking, but the situation of children in TK Negeri Pembina Surabaya can still develop better and finally be able to follow the development of the language of other friends through a good teacher strategy as well.
Upaya Guru Dalam Memaksimalkan Perkembangan Kognitif, Sosial dan Motorik Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Khoiruzzadi Muhammad , Barokah Mabid , Kamila Aisiyatin
Published: June 2020

Teachers are the spearhead in maximizing early childhood development. The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts of teachers in developing children's potential, and want to know the obstacles experienced by teachers on children's cognitive, social and motor development. this research included in field research (field research). The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach. For primary data is data obtained from interviews with class B1 group teachers and school principals, as well as the results of observations of learning both inside and outside class B1 group RA Ar-Rahmah Papringan Caturtunggal, Depok District, Sleman Regency. The results showed that teachers need to understand the ideal development of a child in terms of cognitive, social and motor aspects. RA Ar-Rahmah group B1 has different character and development, some are smart in counting, active in moving and playing, active in answering, responsive to teachers and friends, and others. The learning done by teachers in group B1 children is more varied in using learning methods such as singing, habituation, exemplary, advice, and others in accordance with what material is intended to be taught to children. Interlude between one material with another learning material is also important in learning conducted at RA Ar-Rahmah. Excellent programs owned by RA Ar-Rahmah also encourage teachers to think together so that the desired goals of the school are achieved. Developmental delay in children is indeed one of the obstacles in optimizing children's development. The need for good collaboration between teachers at school and parents at home in optimizing children's cognitive, social and motor development.
Hakikat KB-RA. Perwanida Ketintang Surabaya dalam Mengajarkan Buku Materi Bahasa Arab-Inggris pada Kelompok A
Authors: Syafi’i Imam , Abror Alfian Nuril
Published: June 2020

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan alasan KB-RA. Perwanida Ketintang Surabaya mengajarkan buku materi Bahasa Arab-Inggris pada kelompok A. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah banyaknya masyarakat yang menanyakan perihal alasan lembaga tersebut mengajarkan buku materi Bahasa Arab-Inggris. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan mengapa KB-RA. Perwanida Ketintang Surabaya mengajarkan buku materi Bahasa Arab-Inggris pada kelompok A. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan yang merujuk pada model Miles and Huberman. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan credibility, transferability, dependability dan confirmability. Bersumber pada pengumpulan data dan analisis yang dilakukan terdapat beberapa temuan hasil penelitian tentang hakikat atau alasan KB-RA. Perwanida dalam mengajarkan buku materi Bahasa Arab-Inggris pada kelompok A. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut KB-RA. Perwanida beralasan karena dapat mengembangkan perkembangan bahasa asing anak usia di sesuai dengan tahap usianya, menciptakan suasanya belajar yang menyenangkan dan menarik, memudahkan siswa untuk belajar Bahasa Arab dan Inggris pada tingkat pendidikan selanjutnya dan dapat melatih perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini. Selain itu, anak juga memiliki lebih banyak waktu untuk belajar Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Inggris, anak akan lebih cepat memahami bahasa yang sedang dipelajarinya yang sangat berpengaruh pada tahap perkembangan bahasa selanjutnya, anak akan lebih mahir dalam menguasai bahasa ibu. Anak akan memiliki kesempatan belajar Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Ingris lagi di tingkah sekolah dasar ataupun menengah, bukui ini sangat menarik untuk AUD dan memudahkan guru dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran.
Screen pseudo slant lightlike submanifolds of golden semi-Riemannian manifolds
Authors: ACET Bilal Eftal
Published: June 2020

In this article, we examine the term of screen pseudo-slant lightlike submanifolds of a golden semi-Riemannian manifold. Also, we obtain an example. We give some characterizations about the geometry of such submanifolds.
Coefficient inequalities for analytic functions associated with cardioid domains
Authors: RAZA Mohsan , MUSHTAQ Saima , MALİK Sarfraz Nawaz , SOKOL Janusz
Published: June 2020

The geometry of image domain of analytic functions is of substantial importance to have a comprehensive study of analytic functions. Malik et al. [Analytic functions associated with cardioid domain, submitted] introduced a new class of functions connected with cardioid domain and established coefficient bounds for functions in this class. Also the bounds for the coefficients of Taylor series and their related functional inequalities are of major interest. In this article, we aim to find the sharp bounds for the coefficients and to estimate the Fekete-Szegö functional for certain analytic functions associated with cardioid domain. The same type results are obtained for inverse functions and for $\log(f(z)/z)$.
ParamE: Regarding Neural Network Parameters as Relation Embeddings for Knowledge Graph Completion
Authors: Che Feihu , Zhang Dawei , Tao Jianhua , Niu Mingyue , Zhao Bocheng
Published: June 2020

We study the task of learning entity and relation embeddings in knowledge graphs for predicting missing links. Previous translational models on link prediction make use of translational properties but lack enough expressiveness, while the convolution neural network based model (ConvE) takes advantage of the great nonlinearity fitting ability of neural networks but overlooks translational properties. In this paper, we propose a new knowledge graph embedding model called ParamE which can utilize the two advantages together. In ParamE, head entity embeddings, relation embeddings and tail entity embeddings are regarded as the input, parameters and output of a neural network respectively. Since parameters in networks are effective in converting input to output, taking neural network parameters as relation embeddings makes ParamE much more expressive and translational. In addition, the entity and relation embeddings in ParamE are from feature space and parameter space respectively, which is in line with the essence that entities and relations are supposed to be mapped into two different spaces. We evaluate the performances of ParamE on standard FB15k-237 and WN18RR datasets, and experiments show ParamE can significantly outperform existing state-of-the-art models, such as ConvE, SACN, RotatE and D4-STE/Gumbel.
Path Ranking with Attention to Type Hierarchies
Authors: Liu Weiyu , Daruna Angel , Kira Zsolt , Chernova Sonia
Published: June 2020

The objective of the knowledge base completion problem is to infer missing information from existing facts in a knowledge base. Prior work has demonstrated the effectiveness of path-ranking based methods, which solve the problem by discovering observable patterns in knowledge graphs, consisting of nodes representing entities and edges representing relations. However, these patterns either lack accuracy because they rely solely on relations or cannot easily generalize due to the direct use of specific entity information. We introduce Attentive Path Ranking, a novel path pattern representation that leverages type hierarchies of entities to both avoid ambiguity and maintain generalization. Then, we present an end-to-end trained attention-based RNN model to discover the new path patterns from data. Experiments conducted on benchmark knowledge base completion datasets WN18RR and FB15k-237 demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing methods on the fact prediction task by statistically significant margins of 26% and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative and qualitative analyses show that the path patterns balance between generalization and discrimination.
Blameworthiness in Security Games
Authors: Naumov Pavel , Tao Jia
Published: June 2020

Security games are an example of a successful real-world application of game theory. The paper defines blameworthiness of the defender and the attacker in security games using the principle of alternative possibilities and provides a sound and complete logical system for reasoning about blameworthiness in such games. Two of the axioms of this system capture the asymmetry of information in security games.
Learning Hierarchy-Aware Knowledge Graph Embeddings for Link Prediction
Authors: Zhang Zhanqiu , Cai Jianyu , Zhang Yongdong , Wang Jie
Published: June 2020

Knowledge graph embedding, which aims to represent entities and relations as low dimensional vectors (or matrices, tensors, etc.), has been shown to be a powerful technique for predicting missing links in knowledge graphs. Existing knowledge graph embedding models mainly focus on modeling relation patterns such as symmetry/antisymmetry, inversion, and composition. However, many existing approaches fail to model semantic hierarchies, which are common in real-world applications. To address this challenge, we propose a novel knowledge graph embedding model—namely, Hierarchy-Aware Knowledge Graph Embedding (HAKE)—which maps entities into the polar coordinate system. HAKE is inspired by the fact that concentric circles in the polar coordinate system can naturally reflect the hierarchy. Specifically, the radial coordinate aims to model entities at different levels of the hierarchy, and entities with smaller radii are expected to be at higher levels; the angular coordinate aims to distinguish entities at the same level of the hierarchy, and these entities are expected to have roughly the same radii but different angles. Experiments demonstrate that HAKE can effectively model the semantic hierarchies in knowledge graphs, and significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets for the link prediction task.
Chemical–physical–mechanical stability of MKG mortars under sulfate attacks
Authors: Yan Dongming , Chen Shikun , Jin Jiangchuxiong , Zhu Xiuyu , Wang Jiyang , Zeng Qiang
Published: June 2020

Geopolymer-based materials have attracted increasing interest in construction and infrastructure engineering due to their high mechanical properties but low carbon dioxide emissions. However, it remains unclear whether this type of material can work in a stable way in harsh environments. This study investigated the chemical–physical–mechanical stability of metakaolin-based geopolymer (MKG) mortars under the immersing actions of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate solutions up to 180 days by testing their visual appearance, mass, dimensions, strength, microstructure and chemical components. Results show that the immersion actions do not cause obvious changes in mass, dimensions or compressive and flexural strengths of the MKG mortars. A white deposit, consisting of magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate and magnesium silicate aluminate hydrate, appeared on the surfaces of the high-alkali MKG specimens immersed in magnesium sulfate solution for 30 days, and disappeared at later ages due to the continual consumption of magnesium hydroxide. Mg–Na exchanges occurred for the MKG mortars immersed in magnesium sulfate solution. Overall, the chemical–physical–mechanical stability of geopolymer-based materials depends on the material components and interactions with the environment. Caution should be used before any engineering applications, and relevant issues deserve further rigorous investigation in the future.
Modelling fluid–structure interactions: a survey of methods and experimental verification
Authors: De Padova Diana , Mossa Michele
Published: June 2020

It is difficult to study fluid structure interaction (FSI) problems using analytical methods due to flow non-linearity and multiphysics. Therefore, the main emphasis for research is placed on the application and development of numerical methods. Furthermore, for consistent and accurate results, it is essential to run numerical models previously implemented and calibrated with experimental data. This survey paper shows the main concepts and different approaches of the existing numerical models of FSI. Furthermore, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) Lagrangian model for numerical simulations of fluid–structure interactions is analysed. In particular, the flow of fluid around a National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0024 hydrofoil has been studied using a weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme, together with a two-equation turbulence model. The high accuracy of the SPH model is confirmed through a comparison with experimental data.
Static liquefaction behavior of short discrete carbon fiber reinforced silty sand
Authors: Bao X. , Jin Z. , Cui H. , Ye G. , Tang W.
Published: June 2020

Saturated silty sand is more likely to cause landslide due to static liquefaction behavior. In this study, easily dispersible short synthetic carbon fibers (CF), with larger aspect ratio and smaller diameter (7 μm) compared with conventional polypropylene fibers, were used to improve the liquefaction resistance behavior of silty sand. A series of triaxial tests under different confining pressures were carried out on reinforced samples with different fiber contents (0.2, 0.5, 1.0%) and lengths (3, 6, 10 mm). The properties of stress and strain relationships, development of pore water pressure, effective stress path, liquefaction brittleness index, critical state line and volumetric strain were examined. The results from undrained tests showed that both the peak and post-peak deviator stresses of CF reinforced samples did not show a regular increase with fiber length. The 6 mm CF fiber showed the best reinforcement effect at a confining pressure of 100 kPa while 3 mm CF fiber achieved the best results at a confining pressure of 200 kPa. CF-reinforced sand was confirmed to be an effective liquefaction mitigation method compared with the method using conventional polypropylene fibers. This study provides an effective improvement method in particular to prevent a geological hazard in backfilling engineering projects.
Reinforcement corrosion of the Phoenix caissons after 75 years of marine exposure
Authors: Melchers Robert E. , Howlett Chris M.
Published: June 2020

The reinforced concrete (RC) caissons, code-named Phoenix, still visible off the coast of Arromanches, France, have been exposed to marine immersion, tidal, splash and atmospheric conditions since 1944. Little evidence of corrosion of the steel reinforcement was observed during inspections in 2011, 2015 and 2019, although there was much structural damage. Archival material from the Second World War reveals the caissons were designed to low safety margins, without consideration of durability and constructed at a very fast rate mostly with unskilled labour, minimal material usage, without additives and no restrictions on adding water to aid concrete workability. Analysis of data that has recently become available indicates the concretes had a high cement content and were made with calcareous aggregates. It is concluded that these factors contributed to the high strength, low permeability and high remaining alkalinity of the concretes and hence to the very low evidence of reinforcement corrosion. When interpreted using recent experimental observations, these observations have implications for the design of new RC structures in marine exposures and for the prediction of the remaining life of older marine-exposed RC structures.
The correlation between micronuclei count and smoking behavior: A hospital-based study.
Authors:   Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Balraj Lakshmi , K UnniKrishnan ,   Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India., Nagaraj Tejavathi ,   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published: June 2020

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.
Use of cone beam computed tomography, a desktop 3D printer and freeware for manufacturing craniofacial bone prostheses: a pilot study
Authors:   Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú., Gutiérrez-López Danny , Ortiz-Márquez Carlos ,   Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú., Cicero Moraes ,   Equipo Brasilero de Antropología y Odontología Forense, Brasil., Obando-Pereda Gustavo ,   Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to reconstruct missing bone parts using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), freeware and a desktop 3D printer. Materials and Methods: A human skull was used and osteotomies were performed in the frontal process of the zygomatic bone, zygomatic process of the temporal bone and part of the parietal bone. The 3D image was then obtained CBCT and the DICOM file was transformed into STL and exported using InVesalius software. Missing bone parts were modeled by overlapping with OrtogOnBlender software for later printing using a desktop 3D printer. Result: The obtained prostheses had very good adaptation to the missing bone parts. Conclusion: It is feasible to make bone prostheses by 3D printing using low-cost desktop printers, as well as the use of free open-source software programs through CBCT.
Evaluation of Short-Term Effectiveness of Orthopedic Manual Therapy in Signs and Symptoms of Myofascial Pain: A Controlled Clinical Trial.
Authors:   Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile., Vivanco-Coke Sheilaha , Jiménez-Silva Antonio ,   Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Andrés Bello University, Santiago, Chile., Rios-Quiñinao Felipe ,   Arturo Prat University, Victoria, Chile, Frugone-Zambra Raúl ,   Institute of Multidisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, University of La Serena, Chile. Los Andes University, Santiago, Chile., Tobar-Reyes Julio ,   Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Published: June 2020

To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of orthopedic manual therapy (OMT) in signs and symptoms of myofascial pain (MFP) in young adults. Materials and Methods: An experimental controlled clinical study was performed in young adults between 19 and 24 years old. Thirty-one patients with MFP according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were divided into two groups. Group A: Orthopedic Manual Therapy (n=16; 10 females, 6 males; 21.6 ± 1.70 years old), and Group B: Control group (n=15; 10 females, 5 males; 20.9 ± 2.00 years old). The participants of group A were treated for a period of 6 weeks; Six therapeutic interventions were performed. Degree of dysfunction (Helkimo index), pain level (VAS scale), and range of mandibular movements (opening and lateral movements) were taken at baseline (T0) and immediately at post-treatment (T1). The data were analyzed with chi-square test and t-test; p<0.05 was considered significant. Result: After the OMT, there were no significant changes in diagnosis of MFP according to RDC/TMD (p=0.41); however, there was a statistically significant improvement in the Helkimo index (p=0.0083) and the level of pain according to the VAS scale (p=0.0004). Mandibular movements did not show significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that a 6-week period of OMT treatment has a clinically significant effect in pain level and degree of dysfunction in patients with MFP. A longer follow-up study is required to better assess the effects of manual therapy.
Can surface protection prevent the loss of hardness on dentin and composite resin surfaces exposed to erosive challenges?
Authors:   School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia (BAHIANA), Salvador-Ba, Brazil., Shibasaki Patricia Akemi Nishitani , Damasceno Janaina Emanuela Damasceno ,   School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia (BAHIANA), Salvador-Ba, Brazil, de Queiroz Mariana Menezes Vaz ,   School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia (BAHIANA), Salvador-Ba, Brazil., Dias Luana Mendonça ,   Dentistry Course, School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia (BAHIANA). Salvador-Ba, Brazil., Lima Max José Pimenta ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador-Ba, Brazil., de Araújo Roberto Paulo Correia ,   Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador-Ba, Brazil., Foxton Richard Mark ,   King’s College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK., Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega ,   School of Medicine and Public Health of Bahia (BAHIANA), Salvador-Ba, Brazil. | Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) Salvador-Ba, Brazi
Published: June 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effect of endogenous erosion on the microhardness of dentine and a nanofilled composite resin. Procedures for preventing erosion were also studied. Materials and Methods: 90 bovine dentine specimens were divided into three groups in accordance with the method for preventing: negative control, topical application of fluoride and resin-modified glass ionomer varnish. 120 composite resin specimens were distributed into four groups, which also included a resin sealant, among the preventive procedures. Specimens were then randomly divided into three sub-groups according to the exposure to simulate gastric acid solution and subsequent remineralization: negative control, 9 and 18 cycles. Surface analysis was carried out by measuring the Knoop hardness. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Result: The mean hardness of dentine and of the composite specimens resin exhibited lower hardness after 18 cycles. However, the resin-modified glass ionomer varnish resulted in greater values compared to the other preventive procedures. Conclusion: A resin-modified glass ionomer varnish seems to be a promising method for minimizing the damage caused by endogenous acid, but its protection can be reduced depending on the intensity of the erosive challenge.
Diagnosing hikikomori
Authors: Sakakibara Rae V. , Rubinstein Ellen B.
Published: June 2020

Hikikomori (‘social withdrawal’) appeared in Japan at the end of the twentieth century, inciting public panic about a generation of Japanese youth who shun social contact and fail to engage in the age-appropriate activities of young adulthood. Widely cited as a ‘condition’ rather than a psychiatric symptom or disorder, hikikomori has functioned variously as a diagnosis of individuals, families, and society at large. Taking the polysemous (and controversial) nature of hikikomori as a starting point, we draw on fourteen months of ethnographic research to explore how families negotiate a diagnosis of hikikomori in everyday life. Our focus on families opens up fruitful questions about the moral economies of life under diagnosis, not simply for the diagnosed individual, but also for those who assume responsibility for that individual’s health and wellbeing.
After illness, under diagnosis
Authors: Manderson Lenore
Published: June 2020

A vast portion of the world’s population live with ill health following acute infection or disease and its emergency management. This reflects the increased capacity of technological innovations and pharmaceuticals to interrupt decline or complications, even when cure is unlikely. The authors in this Special Section illustrate how, in different localities, people live with risk for themselves or their offspring; with non-communicable, degenerative, autoimmune, and congenital conditions; with the after-effects of diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions; and with continued treatment and surveillance. We attend to the value of conceptualising this as ‘living under’ diagnosis or description. We illustrate how diagnostic labels overdetermine subsequent embodied states of being, structuring interactions and social relations with family, friends, and health professionals. Living under diagnosis, we argue, impacts on self-care, care for and by others, everyday lives, and anticipations of the future.
Bhabha in the clinic
Authors: Smith-Morris Carolyn
Published: June 2020

Before professional diagnosis, the determination of whether one is ‘ill’ or ‘well’ rests within the patient. These moments, when sufferers (re)cognize their own bodily and phenomenological experience as abnormal or different, are critical to the positioning of healer and patient. So too are moments when diagnosed patients, struggling with a treatment regime, compromise and adjust to embrace, if only partially, disparate ideas of health. In this article, I apply Homi Bhabha’s framework of hybridity and difference to think about the perception of illness, self-diagnosis, and power in healing relationships. I consider how sufferers enact hybrid positions between their bodily perceptions and their professional diagnoses. To illustrate the utility of Bhabha’s colonial critique for health care, I examine narratives by patients with diabetes-related vision loss about: (1) first realizations that something was wrong, what Bhabha might call the ‘intervention of difference’; (2) expressed differences between self-knowledge and biomedical knowledge, corresponding to Bhabha’s ‘partial embrace’ of the colonial ideal; and (3) the self-colonizing epistemological work that compliant patients do as they re-orient their pre-diagnostic self to a post-diagnostic habitus of self-monitoring, timed medications, and other treatments. I conclude with a discussion of how Bhabha’s colonial hybridity supports a more productively contentious medical anthropology that envisions and pursues decolonized health care.
Characteristics and educational needs of gifted young scientists: a focus group study
Authors: SYAFRİL Syafrimen , YAUMAS Nova , ISHAK Noriah , YUSOF Rorlinda , JAAFAR Azhar , YUNUS Melor , SUGİHARTA Iip
Published: June 2020

The Gifted Young Scientists (GYS) is the students who have certain intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership, or academic abilities that are higher than the average ability of students in general, they need different educational services (special need). This study aims to analyze the potential of gifted young scientists in terms of critical thinking in the village area in Indonesia. The study was conducted using a multi-case multi-site case study design involving 4 managers, 5 teachers, and 5 students in the High School. Data collected through in depth and focus group interviews then analyzed qualitatively with thematically. The study found that there were four characteristics of gifted young scientists in the High School studied, namely; (i) very active and creative, (ii) easy and quick to receive information and materials, (iii) have a very high curiosity, (iv) love the high-level and challenging learning process. These findings indicate that the self-contained class students in high school meet the criteria of gifted young scientists. Thus, differentiated curriculum, high quality learning process with different teachers, materials, and approaches need to be designed seriously and continuously for the maximum student development process.
A study to show retinal neurodegeneration association with peripheral nerve conduction in diabetic (Type-II) patients
Authors: Singh Yadav Brijesh , P Singh S , Singh K J , Chaudhary Aparajita , Kumar Singh Vinod
Published: June 2020

: Aim of this study was to show the association between retinal neuro-degeneration with peripheral nerve conduction in diabetic (type-II) patients.

A total of 30 diabetic patients age ranging from 35-70 years with mild/moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 30 non diabetic control were studied at M.D. eye hospital Prayagraj R.I.O., Prayagraj. Spectral-Domain -OCT imaging was performed with the cirrus HD-OCT (Version 6.5.0.772; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.), along with nerve conduction study test.

Mean ganglion cell inner Plexiform thickness was assessed in diabetic patients with neuropathy (Group-A) and without neuropathy (Group-B) in eyes. The difference between mean thickness of these two groups was found to be significant at same level of significance and confidence interval (t=4.61, p=0.014). Both the significant difference indicate that diabetic patients with neuropathy (Group A), were associated with lower mean of “ganglion cell–inner Plexiform thickness” in both the eyes as compared to without neuropathy patients (Group B).

In this study we found a positive correlation between decrease in Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness and decrease peripheral nerve conduction in diabetic patients. Decrease in Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC -IPL) is predictive of early retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic patients, according to our study.
Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in and around Chennai
Authors: Shobika S , Kumar Puri Sanjeev
Published: June 2020

To assess the level of awareness about diabetic retinopathy among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in and around Chennai.

A cross sectional study was done on 150 Type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in and around Chennai between January 2019 to April 2019, to assess their level of awareness about diabetes retinopathy through a structured questionnaire.

Of 150 randomly selected Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 93 (62%) were women and 57 (38%) were males. 32% of them were illiterates, 31.33% had only primary education and 36.67% had education above middle school. 64.67% of the selected patients wore glasses for refractive error and they were aged from 15yrs to 80yrs. Nearly 3/4 of this urban population are aware about diabetic retinopathy and feel blood glucose control and regular eye check-ups are necessary in reducing the risk of diabetic retinopathy, less than 1/4 know about blindness caused by DR, that laser treatment does not improve the vision but only reduces further deterioration and when a diabetic patient should first visit the eye doctor- therein suggestive that most are aware of the disease but are not well informed about the complications and treatment of the disease.
Comparison of endothelial cell loss by specular microscopy between phacoemulsification versus small incision cataract surgery
Authors: Bhan Chandra , Chaudhary Aparajita , Kumar Santosh , Rana Jagriti
Published: June 2020

To compare endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness changes and evaluate best corrected visual acuity after small incision and phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

In this prospective study, patient were presented with significant cataract. Cataract were graded using lens opacities classification system grading. Forty three patients underwent phacoemulsification and forty-one underwent SICS. Patient with any other ocular pathology were excluded. Phacoemulsifiaction was performed, the chop-stop technique and SICS by the viscoexpression technique. The endothelial cell count and central corneal thickness were measured by non-contact specular microscope and best corrected visual acuity evaluated by snellen chart preoperatively and postoperatively on day 1, 3 and 6 week respectively.

The mean endothelial cell loss (cells/mm) in phacoemulsification was 194.28 (7.16%), 311.46 (11.48%) and 412.16 (15.20%) and in SICS was 155.41 (6.17%), 230.19 (9.14%) and 296.54 (11.89%) and was statistically significant (P<0.05). There is an increase in mean base line central corneal thickness from 530.44±12.34 micron increased by 62.62 micron (11.80%), 17.88 micron (3.37%)and 6.04 micron (1.13%) in phacoemulsification and 523.24±6.63 micron increase by 38.05 micron (7.26%), 21.24 micron (4.05%) and 2.63 micron (0.50%) in SICS at day i 3 week and 6 week respectively. There was statistically significant (P<0.001). BCVA of better than 6/18 was achieved in 95.34% of the eyes after phacoemulsification and 92.68% after SICS. There was statistically significant.

No significant differences in endothelial less loss, central corneal thickness and best corrected visual acuity in between phacoemulsification and SICS.
Comparative study of outcome of capsulorhexis by assisted capsulorhexis device versus manual capsulorhexis in cataract surgery
Authors: R Chaudhari Bhavin , J Patel Kunjan
Published: June 2020

Cataract is the major cause of treatable blindness in India (62.6%). Quality cataract surgery is basic need of the cataract blind patient. Phacoemulsification and SICS are routine surgery performed for cataract in developing countries. Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis is the most important pre-requisite for successful outcome of cataract surgery.

To evaluate early outcome of assisted capsulorhexis versus manual capsulorhexis in cataract surgery.

This descriptive observational study was carried out during January 2017 to October 2018 with purposive sampling of 100 cases.

Mean age of the study population was 60±9.1 in which 84% patients had immature cataract, while 16% patients had mature cataract. The cases operated by phacoemulsification surgery using manual technique 76% had regular shape of CCC and with assisted technique 84% had regular shape of CCC. Among patients operated with SICS using manual technique, 16% cases had regular shape of CCC and with use of assisted capsulorhexis device, 80% had regular shaped CCC. A statistically significant association was found between assisted technique and centration of the CCC (p=0.00001).

The assisted capsulorhexis device (VERUS) was found to be effective in achieving optimal size, circularity and centration of CCC during cataract surgery.
Outcome of double headed pterygium surgeries with conjunctival autograft adhered by autologous blood: a retrospective study
Authors: Punjabi Sharda , Patel Nishant , Bhutna Komal
Published: June 2020

: To evaluate the post-operative outcome of double headed pterygium excision followed by superior and inferior sutureless conjunctival autografts

A retrospective study of the patients operated for double headed pterygium was done between 1st June 2018 and 30th June 2019 at a tertiary care hospital of southern Rajasthan. A detailed history was taken including age, sex, occupation, duration of pterygium, history of chemical injuries, medical and surgical history. Unaided visual acuity was noted with a Snellen’s distant vision chart. Depending on the extent of corneal involvement the pterygium was graded as follows: Grade I-crossing the limbus, Grade II-midway between the limbus and pupil, and Grade III-crossing the pupillary margin. Routine blood investigations along with bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) were accessed. All the surgeries were done by a single surgeon. A superior and an inferior conjunctival autografts were taken.

A total of 14 patients with primary double headed pterygium were operated by a single surgeon using the above mentioned technique. Retrospective analysis was done. 13(92.86%) patients were affected unilaterally and 1(7.14%) patient had bilateral double headed pterygium. 11(78.5%) out of 14 were male and 3(21.5%) were female. Mean age of patients was 46.5 ± 15.5 years. Out of 15 nasal pterygia, 2(13.3%) were grade-I, 9(60%) were grade-II and 4(26.6%) were grade-III. Out of 15 temporal pterygia, 6(40%) were grade-I, 6(40%) were grade-II and 3(20%) were grade-III. Mean follow-up was 12 ± 6 months. No significant intra-operative complications were noted. Post-operative vision improvement was recorded at 3 month follow-up with a Snellen’s distant vision chart. An average of 3 ± 2 Snellen’s lines improvement was noted in unaided vision. Most common post-operative complication was graft oedema in 9 grafts out of 30 (30%). Graft retraction was found in 2 grafts (6.66%).Sub-conjunctival haematoma was found in 1 graft (3.3%). Graft loss was found in 1 graft.
A study of systemic factors affecting diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mohan Magdum Renu , Madhav Oza Saurabh , V Manade Varsha , Khandelwal Madhuri , Judith Cardoza Namratha
Published: June 2020

To study the systemic factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity) affecting diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find out the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in individuals having diabetes mellitus and association of these comorbidities with diabetic retinopathy.

A total of 140 diagnosed diabetic subjects participated in the study. They were grouped according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy. All the subjects were also evaluated for hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity. Observations from both the groups were compared to find association between the risk factors and retinopathy.

Mean systolic blood pressure among retinopathy subjects(133.13mmHg) was higher than subjects without retinopathy(127.43mmHg). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.046). Mean lipid level among retinopathy subject was not significantly different than the mean lipid levels in the participants without retinopathy (p > 0.05). The difference between the BMI of the participants of both groups was found to be insignificant. (p>0.05). Duration of diabetes(p<0.005), glycosylated haemoglobin(p= 0.001) were significant factors too.

Duration of diabetes, glycosylated haemoglobin levels, systolic blood pressure were significant risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Comparision of surgical induced astigmatism between sics superior and sics temporal
Authors: Patel Vikas , Patel Kunjan , Patel Nikunj
Published: June 2020

: The aim of this study was to analyze the surgically induced astigmatism in comparison to site of incision superior and temporal in commonly performed SICS technique of cataract surgery.

: A prospective interventional study was done on 30 patients who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) divided into two groups namely sics superior group and sics tempral group based on incision-site. The two techniques were compared with respect uncorrected visual acuity, surgically induced astigmatism and type of astigmatism drift.

In our study, There was significant difference between techniques regarding best uncorrected visual acuity on 40 post operative day. Greater proportion of patients had good outcomes in both the groups as regards to final visual acuity. Superior incision induced post operative ATR drift (75%) and temporal incision induced WTR astigmatism (70%).

: Incision on steep axis is an economical and effective way of reducing pre-existing astigmatism in high-volume and low-cost cataract surgery.
Agranulocyte & neutrophil nucleus enhancement through 510nm wavelength of light
Authors: Shivhare Mitra Nikita , Shinde Saksha , Sharma Neeraj , ant Singh Tekam Chandra K , Maurya Mansi
Published: June 2020

Enhanced features can be easily segmented and used for classification algorithms. Light wavelength of 510nm is used as illumination source for bright field microscope. This specific wavelength of light enhances nucleus, granules in White blood Cells (WBCs). Eosinophil and basophil has coarse granules which also get enhanced hence nucleus segmentation gets difficult. This method is effective in enhancing nucleus of agranulocytes viz. Lymphocyte, Monocyte and Neutrophil of normal person. This modification in image acquisition of pathological images will further help in quick segmentation of features.
Prevalence of dry eyes in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Goud Rakesh , Aggarwal Manvi , K Radhakrishnan O , Mantri Priyanka , Shah Arpit
Published: June 2020

To estimate the prevalence of dry eyes in patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and to compare various tests of dry eye.

An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dry eyes symptoms were assessed using Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and graded according to severity. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive Ocular surface staining pattern with fluorescein, Tear film breakup time test (TBUT) or Schirmers test. Severity of dry eyes was determined and prevalence calculated.

The prevalence rate of dry eye disease among diabetics was calculated as 36% on the basis of Ocular surface disease index. Mild, moderate and severe dry eyes were present in 16%, 16% and 4% patients respectively. TBUT showed very good agreement with highest diagnostic accuracy. Schirmers test and Fluorescein test had good and moderate agreement respectively.

Diabetes mellitus associated dry eye disease (DMDES) is the most frequent diabetic complication in clinical practice. Clinical trials are warranted to confirm the effects of the currently applied drugs in diabetes-associated DES for a better outcome in such patients. Our study can act as a stepping stone for larger multi-centric studies to gain more information about this largely unrecognized problem of diabetes associated dry eye disease.
Assessing the effect of anti-glaucoma drug on corneal morphology and tear film function
Authors: Madan Veshal , Katare Shubhangi , Mishra Neeta
Published: June 2020

To assess the effect of anti-glaucoma drug on corneal morphology and tear film function.

This is a prospective comparative study between two groups. 50 eyes of 25 patients using one or more topical anti glaucoma drugs for at least 6 months or more and Group 2- 50 eyes of 25 normal subjects as controls who were not having any ocular problems. Both groups were similar regarding age and gender characteristics. Demographic information were obtained from patient’s medical records. Comprehensive ocular examination like Intraocular pressure (IOP), Tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s II test (with anaesthesia), Central corneal thickness (CCT), Endothelial cell count (specular microscopy), Corneal staining were done for both the groups.

All 50 patients (100eyes) included in the study and completed all the tests parameter involved in the study. Mann-Whitney U value for IOP is (p=o.oo1), CCT is (p=0.002), Endothelial cell count is (p=0.001), Schirmer’s II is(p=0.001) and TBUT is (p=0.001), respectively and all this were statistically significant. For corneal staining Fisher's Exact Test value is 19.874 (p=0.001) is statistically significant. For CCT compared with the different diagnosis the Chi-Square value is 36.915 (p=0.001) is statistically significant. For Endothelial cell count compared with the different diagnosis the Chi-Square value is 11.876 (p=0.003) is statistically significant. CCT and Endothelial cell count was more in Ocular hypertension as compared to the other diagnosis.

Patients using anti-glaucoma drugs showed 64% mild to moderate and 20% severe dryness in the eyes. CCT and Endothelial cell count was more in Ocular hypertension as compared to the other diagnosis. Increased CCT may give an artificially high IOP and must be considered when developing a treatment approach for patients with ocular hypertension. Therefore, necessary to have complete evaluation of tear film and cornea while using the anti-glaucoma medication from long time. So that we can prescribe lubricating drops with the anti-glaucoma drugs.
Presentación del dossier. Realismo jurídico contemporáneo. El realismo jurídico
Authors: Maldonado Mauricio
Published: June 2020

N/A
Excessive amount and activity of μ-calpain affects apoptotic machinery in chronic B-cell leukemia cells and influences the course of the disease
Authors: Łopatniuk Paulina , Puchalska Zofia , Mital Andrzej , Mikosik Anna , Frąckowiak Joanna , Hellmann Andrzej , Daca Agnieszka , Bryl Ewa , Fulop Tamas , Witkowski Jacek M.
Published: June 2020

B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common hematological disorder among middle-aged/elderly people in the Western countries. We have shown earlier that B-CLL cells exhibit elevated total amount and available activity of µ-calpain, belonging to a family of ubiquitous, strongly Ca-dependent proteases, involved in the control of proliferation and apoptosis. In this study we attempted to estimate a potential clinical value of μ-calpain in relation to B-CLL clinical staging in patients with extremely high lymphocytosis and studied the molecular mechanisms associating calpain activity with clinical progress of the disease. We observed significant correlations between the amounts of intracellular μ-calpain and clinical staging of the disease, with RAI stage 1 corresponding to the highest calpain amounts in the leukemic cells. There was also a positive, statistically significant correlation between the amount of μ-calpain and phosphorylated (p)ZAP-70 in B-CLL lymphocytes. Calpain activity in the B-CLL cells is associated with decreased activities of pro-apoptotic caspases -3 and -9, and reciprocally with an increased amount of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Together, all of these findings make calpain activity in B-CLL cells a promising target modifying the properties of these cells and facilitating therapy. Finally, the proportion of CD19+ B cells with elevated μ-calpain and pZap-70 was markedly reduced in patients after successful therapy.