bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Określanie składu chemicznego i mineralnego skał z wykorzystaniem przenośnego spektrometru XRF pracującego w atmosferze helu
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Skupio Rafał
Published: April 2021

W pracy przedstawiono możliwości prowadzenia pomiarów chemicznych z zastosowaniem przenośnego spektrometru fluorescencji rentgenowskiej z dyspersją energii EDXRF w atmosferze helu. Metodyka badawcza wraz z tworzeniem modeli i interpretacją danych powstała w oparciu o zastosowanie aparatu XRF firmy Bruker, model Tracer 5g. Prowadzenie pomiarów w atmosferze helu umożliwia obniżenie progów detekcji dla pierwiastków lekkich, w tym określanie udziałów sodu (Na) i magnezu (Mg) oraz pierwiastków wchodzących w zakres spektrometrycznego profilowania gamma: potasu (K), uranu (U) i toru (Th). Jednym z elementów nowej procedury pomiarowej jest przygotowanie preparatów w formie pastylek, przy użyciu prasy hydraulicznej o sile nacisku do 25 ton. Pomiary w atmosferze helu mogą być wykonywane jedynie na materiale skonsolidowanym (lita skała, rdzeń wiertniczy lub twarda pastylka). Materiał do badań został pobrany z rdzeni wiertniczych, następnie skwartowany i rozdzielony na poszczególne analizy. Wyniki analiz XRF uzyskane metodą, w której zastosowano przepływ helu, porównano z wynikami pomiarów wykonanych standardową aparaturą XRF, chemicznych badań laboratoryjnych, analiz składu mineralnego XRD oraz badań naturalnej promieniotwórczości gamma. Analizy XRF bez możliwości prowadzenia pomiarów w atmosferze helu wykonane zostały aparatem Titan S1 (firmy Bruker). Badania przeprowadzono na próbkach skał pochodzących z dwóch otworów wiertniczych – P4 (19 próbek) i J1 (11 próbek). W przypadku P4 dysponowano dokładnymi pomiarami laboratoryjnymi ICP-MS (ang. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), ICP-OES (ang. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) oraz wynikami XRD, natomiast w J1 – wynikami badań radiometrycznych i mineralnych. W próbkach z otworu J1 występowały skalenie oraz dolomit, co umożliwiło przetestowanie budowy modeli uwzględniających te minerały w odniesieniu do wyznaczenia udziałów sodu i magnezu. W końcowej części pracy przedstawiono wykresy korelacyjne dla wybranych, najważniejszych pierwiastków budujących matrycę skalną, modele mineralno–chemiczne zbudowane na ich podstawie oraz wykresy korelacyjne dla spektrometrycznych pomiarów gamma.
Izbrana poglavja iz fiziologije za študente medicine z navodili za vaje
Authors: Stožer Andraž , Križančić Bombek Lidija , Dolenšek Jurij , Skelin Klemen Maša
Published: April 2021

Knjiga Izbrana poglavja iz fiziologije za študente medicine z navodili za vaje so strukturirana tako, da študent skozi prvi dve poglavji osvoji fiziologijo vzdražnih celic. Sledijo poglavja, ki obravnavajo fiziologijo nekaterih notranjih organov. Več poglavij je namenjenih kardiovaskularni fiziologiji, kjer študent usvoji koncepte arterijskega pritiska, načine merjenja električne aktivnosti srca z elektrokardiografijo ter dejavnike in spremembe minutnega volumna srca. Zadnja tri poglavja postavijo posamezne organe v kontekst celotnega telesa. V njih se študent seznani z delovanjem organov v medsebojni interakciji ter odzivom telesa na različne zunanje stresorje. V vsakem poglavju so podani primeri različnih patoloških stanj, ki so primerni za poglobljen študij obravnavane tematike in predstavljajo uvod v klinične predmete na študiju medicine. Teoretičnemu delu vsakega poglavja sledi navodilo za izvedbo praktične vaje, s pomočjo katerega lahko študent samostojno ali ob pomoči kolegov izvede meritve, jih analizira in tako poglablja svoje znanje.
ENTRE ARTE E PEDAGOGIA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: ENSINO REMOTO E MEDIAÇÃO TEATRAL
Authors: Gomes Sidmar Silveira
Published: April 2021

Parte-se do relato de um curso de extensão universitária sobre análise de espetáculos e mediação teatral, ofertado pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá e realizado remotamente devido à pandemia Covid-19. O levantamento bibliográfico acerca do tema da mediação teatral, realizado em revistas da área das Artes Cênicas, afirma o campo como zona de intersecção entre práticas artísticas e pedagógicas, mas não versa sobre suas possibilidades remotas. Disso, objetivou-se flagrar neste estudo os deslocamentos catalisados pelo atual contexto do ensino remoto atinentes às novas configurações geográficas e temporais da relação professor/aluno no âmbito das associações entre a Arte e a Educação.
OS FRUTOS NÃO CESSAM DE CRESCER NOS POMARES: APONTAMENTOS SOBRE O ENSINO DE ARTE DIANTE DO IMPOSSÍVEL AMANHÃ
Authors: Araújo Gessé Almeida , Queiroz Miquéias Silva
Published: April 2021

No escopo deste artigo, parte-se de uma revisão acerca da história do ensino de Arte no Brasil, abordando os eventos fundamentais em torno de diferentes concepções político-pedagógicas da arte/educação no processo de sua implementação no nosso território. Para tanto, tomam-se, entre outras, as complementaridades e convergências do pensamento de dois estudiosos brasileiros: o arte/educador João Francisco Duarte-Júnior e o líder indígena Ailton Krenak. Reflete-se sobre o futuro do ensino de Arte no Brasil pós-pandemia do novo coronavírus, notadamente na rede pública de ensino, lançando um olhar que, embora sustente um otimismo precário, concebe o amanhã como sendo fruto do presente a ser construído, embora pareça impossível.
PROCESSOS DE CRIAÇÃO E REGISTRO DAS DANÇAS PARA O AUDIOVISUAL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: UM PANORAMA GAÚCHO
Authors: Resende Fellipe Santos , Aires Daniel Silva
Published: April 2021

Este escrito apresenta um levantamento de dados sobre produções audiovisuais de dança realizadas em período de confinamento social decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19. Sob a perspectiva da crítica genética e da memória na internet, foram analisados e contextualizados reflexivamente os relatos de participantes artistas, gestores e docentes em Dança do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), que responderam a um formulário distribuído digitalmente. Concluiu-se que há uma dimensão expandida dos processos de criação em dança para o audiovisual apresentando menor ênfase no aspecto analógico de sua documentação e um dissenso sobre o que considerar enquanto registro dos mesmos.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE PROFESSORES DE MÚSICA NA PANDEMIA: NARRATIVAS SOBRE ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS E PRIVADOS
Authors: Larruscain Edilacir dos Santos , Louro Ana Lúcia
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta narrativas de seis docentes de música na perspectiva de suas atuações durante a pandemia do Coronavírus em 2020. Os relatos contam desafios e ações criadoras na docência com Música, em face das necessidades criadas pelo cancelamento das aulas presenciais. Para conter o esvaziamento dos grupos (bandas escolares e espaços privados) os professores relatam como aprenderam a tirar melhor proveito das ferramentas de comunicação e a recorrente solidariedade aos que têm dificuldades de acesso. Amparados em Josso (2007, 2010), dá-se ênfase às narrativas de vida como fonte e método de pesquisa em Educação para uma melhor compreensão das transformações de si em meio ao tecido social.
Editorial
Authors: Brum Lucas Pacheco
Published: April 2021

Em março de 2020, o mundo parou abruptamente, devido a uma doença conhecida como à Covid-19, cujo agente se denomina SARS-CoV-2 -, o qual é popularmente conhecido como o “novo coronavírus”- que surgia na província de Hubei, na China, por ocorrências de casos graves de pneumonia, no final do ano anterior. Em poucos meses o vírus se propagou rapidamente pela Europa, Estados Unidos, chegando no Brasil. Sem nenhum medicamento cientificamente comprovado, e a possibilidade e incerteza da demora de uma vacina eficiente, a única saída foi, - e ainda é - de conter a disseminação do vírus: o isolamento social.
THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VISCERALES LYMPH NODES IN THE HUMAN OF OLD AGE
Authors: Erofeyeva Lyudmila M.
Published: April 2021

The problem of age-related involution of the structures of the immune system is now becoming more and more urgent. The aim of this study is the structural and functional characteristics of the visceral lymph nodes of an elderly person. Using immune morphological methods, the structure and cellular composition of the subcarinal and mesenteric lymph nodes of an elderly person were studied. A pronounced development of fibrous connective tissue is shown, which leads to fragmentation of the parenchyma of the nodes and a reduction in the area of the cortex. In the cortex, small lymphoid nodules and a narrow para-cortical zone are revealed. In lymphoid nodules, the absence of light centers with dividing and poorly differentiated lymphocytes and a high concentration of mature CD20 B-lymphocytes are noted. In the para-cortical zone, CD4 T-helpers are not detected. In all structural components of the lymph node, Ki67-positive cells are absent, which indicates the extinction of lymphocyte-poietic function, which is due to the replacement of the reticular tissue of the microenvironment with fibrous connective tissue and the absence of CD4 T-lymphocytes, which regulate the reactions of cellular and humoral immunity. Destruction of the reticular stroma in the sinus system, which is a biological filter, leads to impaired lymph purification function.
THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF RATS IN BURN INJURY DYNAMICS
Authors: Azhikova Alfiya K. , Samotrueva Marina A. , Smirnov Aleksey V. , Zamlelov Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2021

Morphological and morphometric features of cells of arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in dynamics of thermal burn trauma of skin are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the important role of reactive changes in the neuroendocrine regulatory complex in the pathogenesis of skin burn wounds. Since the hypothalamus is part of neuroendocrine cooperation, it shows the most pronounced signs of neuronal damage. In this regard, the aim of the study was to study qualitative and quantitative structural changes in the arcuate nucleus of the middle hypothalamus of rats in the simulation of thermal burn injury to the skin. Burn exposure was simulated in male nonlinear rats weighing 200-230 g by applying contact thermal trauma in the interblade region of the back. The functional activity of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was evaluated by quantitative analysis of the morphometric parameters of neurocyte nuclei because these organoids correlate with transcription intensity and can serve as a tool for assessing their functional state. To carry out quantitative analysis of histological preparations of hypothalamus, planimetric properties of neurons and their structures were determined: absolute values of neurons, such as: area of pericaryons, area of neurons nuclei, area of cytoplasm of neurons, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of neurons of arcuate nuclei of hypothalamus. On the basis of the obtained data on absolute values of neurons relative values were calculated - median area of pericaryons, median area of nuclei, median area of cytoplasm of pericaryons, median of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of neurons of arcuate nuclei of hypothalamus. The study revealed destructive transformations of this hypothalamic brain zone in all stages of inflammatory-regenerative reaction: on 2, 4, 7, 10 days after burn exposure. Comparative analysis of hypothalamus preparations of laboratory animals showed characteristic destructive changes in arcuate nuclei in conditions of thermal skin injury, which reflected the development of processes of reversible and irreversible damage to neurons. The detected features are generally consistent with existing ideas about the disruption of morphofunctional organization of neurons in this zone due to the implementation of adaptive mechanisms characterized by activation of local and systemic compensatory-restorative processes, focal gliosis and development of edema changes of nerve cells.
ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE BODY OF STUDENTS IN MORDOVIA REPUBLIC OF YOUTHFUL AGE
Authors: Yurtaykina Mariya N. , Chairkin Ivan N. , Selyakin Sergey P. , Mishechkin Maksim M. , Rybakov Aleksey G. , Parshin Aleksandr A. , Kondyurova Evgeniya V.
Published: April 2021

The study of the basic laws of the formation of students' physical health is of great importance for the state not only as an economic, but also as a labor and defense potential of the country. The study of age dynamics is necessary also for the development of regional standards of physical development, physical fitness of population of young people, as well as for improving the system of health-saving technologies in the organization and conduct of the educational process in educational institutions. The aim of the study was to study the level of physical development and body composition of 1612 young men aged 17-21 living in the Republic of Mordovia. In the course of the work, 48 absolute anthropometric indicators were analyzed, characterizing the anatomical and functional characteristics of an individual. It was found that among young people a normosthenic type of constitution with a proportional chest, with a medium-sized head and andromorph body type is widespread. In the population of student’s males, the prevalence of persons with an average level of physical development, an average value of the vital index is characteristic, however, the strength index of the hand in most of the studied had an indicator below normal. The majority of students showed a normal body mass index with an average level of body density, with an increased relative mass of fat and muscle components and a reduced mass of the bone component, which is possibly a consequence of the body's response to the negative influences of environmental factors, as well as reduced motor activity and insufficient physical activity.
ANATOMICAL VARIANTS OF INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN ACCORDING ON THE DATA OF MULTISPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Kolsanov Aleksandr V. , Myakotnykh Maksim N. , Mironov Aleksey A. , Yunusov Renat R.
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of the variants of the anatomical variability of the liver vascular bed can be of critical importance in liver resection, liver transplantation, laparoscopic operations, resection of the pancreas, surgical treatment of portal hypertension The main vessels of the hepatic portal vein system are characterized by pronounced anatomical variability in the formation of the portal vein trunk, the greatest variability is characterized by inferior mesenteric vein. The aim of the investigation was to study the variant anatomy of the inferior mesenteric vein according to multispiral computed tomography. The material was 100 multispiral computed tomograms of the abdominal organs from the archive of the clinics of the Samara State Medical University for 2018-2019. For mathematical modeling and the creation of three-dimensional models based on tomograms of the vascular bed, plugins were used in the programs «Luch» and «Autoplan». Variants of the portal vein formation, the angle of inflow of the inferior mesenteric vein into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, the distance from the point of confluence of the inferior mesenteric vein to the point of confluence with the portal vein were studied. The study revealed that the inferior mesenteric vein in 40% of cases flows into the splenic vein, in 39% - into the angle of confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, in 16% - into the superior mesenteric vein. In 5% of cases, the absence of the inferior mesenteric vein was revealed. The angle of fusion of the inferior mesenteric vein with the superior mesenteric vein was statistically significantly greater than the angle of fusion of the inferior mesenteric vein with the splenic vein. The angles were 76.36 ± 1.53 ° and 64.89 ± 3.52 °, respectively (p = 0.004). The length of the common trunk of the inferior mesenteric and splenic veins was significantly greater than the common trunk of the mesenteric veins and amounted to 16.98 ± 1.09 mm and 9.37 ± 0.65 mm (p = 0.001), respectively. Thus, the study showed a high degree of anatomical variability of the inferior mesenteric vein.
Estudos para piano expandido
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Garcia Denise Hortência Lopes
Published: April 2021

Este caderno se apresenta como estudo introdutório ao piano com técnicas estendidas, focalizando o jovem pianista ainda não habituado a esses novos modos de performance do piano. Como um estudo introdutório, as peças são simples mas exploram formas de performance diferenciadas. Cada pequena peça traz toques, materiais diversos que resultam em uma rica paleta de sonoridades a serem experimentadas pelo estudante. A notação musical foi cuidadosamente detalhada para facilitar a compreensão para a performance, assim como as descrições dos materiais, preparação e guia de performance. Acreditamos que sua publicação cubra uma carência evidente na formação do estudante para a performance da música para piano do século XX.
Políticas de acesso a educação superior
Authors: Mazzari Alan Sérgio , Falcão Nádia Maciel , Carrasco Ramon Fica
Published: April 2021

O artigo aborda as formas de acesso adotadas no Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – ICET/UFAM, analisando a relação estabelecida com o processo de democratização do acesso à educação superior à população em condição socioeconômica desfavorável. Baseia-se em resultado de pesquisa realizada no período de 2018, com emprego de análise bibliográfica e documental. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho explicativo e descritivo, caracterizado como um estudo de caso com abordagem quantitativo-qualitativo. Os resultados apontam que a distribuição das vagas totais entre reserva de vagas e ampla concorrência tem ocorrido de forma progressiva no ICET/UFAM, em cumprimento as determinações das Leis n. 12.711 de 2012 e n. 13.409 de 2016. De igual modo, a disponibilização e distribuição das vagas entre as diversas categorias de reserva de vagas têm ocorrido de forma progressiva. Foi possível verificar que as ações afirmativas são políticas públicas educacionais voltadas ao acesso à educação superior pública dos grupos sociais mais desfavorecidos ou discriminados e têm contribuído no combate à desigualdade e discriminação.
O uso de diferentes estratégias em aulas de química para o ensino superior
Authors: Marques Marieli
Published: April 2021

Este relato descreve a experiência que foi desenvolvida na disciplina de Métodos Instrumentais de Análises Químicas do 4° semestre do curso Superior de Tecnologia em Alimentos de uma instituição pública no interior do RS. Utilizou-se diferentes atividades, planejadas de maneira sequencial, e com uso de diferentes estratégias e recursos didáticos: aulas expositivas- dialogadas; abordagem temática; pesquisa; planejamento e realização de atividades experimentais; escrita de artigo e apresentação oral.  A partir dos assuntos abordados nas aulas expositivas e a percepção acerca das implicações sociais da Química e das tecnologias em suas vidas, os estudantes sugeriram o tema água para consumo humano e os métodos de oficiais de análise para a realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Após isso, os estudantes fizeram a coleta e as análises físico-químicas das amostras de água. E na sequência, apresentaram os resultados no formato de um artigo, seguido de uma apresentação oral. Observou-se que a experiência motivou e despertou o interesse pelos assuntos estudados na disciplina e contribuiu para aprendizagem e apropriação do conhecimento. Cabe salientar ainda que, diferentemente de semestres anteriores, não houve nenhuma reprovação por infrequência ou nota. As avaliações individuais, a desenvoltura na realização das atividades laboratoriais, o domínio e conhecimento demonstrado durante a apresentação e discussão dos resultados ratificam essa constatação.
Engajamento em estudantes universitários
Authors: Martins Paulo Cesar Porto , Machado Pedro Guilherme Basso , Vosgerau Dilmeire Sant Anna Ramos
Published: April 2021

O engajamento é um constructo considerado um estado cognitivo positivo, persistente no tempo, de natureza motivacional e social, não focado em um único objetivo ou situação. O engajamento, no contexto acadêmico, sugere uma experimentação, por parte de estudantes, de ações que indicam elevado grau de implicação em suas atividades estudantis. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o engajamento de estudantes nas atividades acadêmicas. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, transversal, realizada com análises descritivas, de correlação, de comparação de médias e regressões padronizadas. Foram utilizados: questionário sociodemográfico para caracterização da amostra e o Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – Students. Este instrumento apresentou regressões fatoriais elevadas (β>0.40), correlações internas positivas e significativas (p<0.01) e Alpha de Cronbach das três dimensões superior a 0.80, indicando adequada qualidade psicométrica. A amostra foi composta por 368 acadêmicos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do estado do Paraná. Observa-se de forma geral, níveis medianos de engajamento acadêmico. Inclusive foram identificadas diferenças de médias significativas entre as dimensões do UWES-S e variáveis sociodemográficas como sexo, filhos, curso e período. Por fim, os resultados evidenciam que os estudantes apresentam engajamento mais elevado no início da graduação e que este deve ser cuidadosamente gerido para não ser deteriorado ao longo dos anos vividos na academia.
Sentidos e significados dos processos formativos do enfermeiro-professor
Authors: Chaves Márcia Jaínne Campelo , Oliveira Meyre-Ester Barbosa de
Published: April 2021

Ao pensar sobre a docência e o ser professor, reporta-se às possíveis especificidades de saberes para o exercício docente na Enfermagem, incluindo, assim, como o enfermeiro-professor vem sendo formado. Objetiva-se analisar nos trabalhos produzidos os sentidos e significados da formação docente na Enfermagem, partindo da perspectiva do currículo. Trata-se de Estado da Arte, que consiste na identificação do que já foi pesquisado e os caminhos que foram percorridos sobre o tema em estudo. Definiu-se como lócus de pesquisa: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações–BDTD, a partir dos seguintes descritores: Formação do enfermeiro professor; Currículo da formação do enfermeiro professor; Currículo do curso de enfermagem: bacharelado e licenciatura em Enfermagem; Licenciatura em enfermagem; Currículo, pós-estruturalismo e enfermagem e Formação do enfermeiro docente. Delinearam-se estes critérios de busca: dissertações e teses, produzidas nos últimos 10 anos, disponíveis na íntegra, tratando da realidade brasileira. Foram selecionados 15 trabalhos, sendo 11 dissertações e 4 teses. Os resultados apontaram que a maioria dos enfermeiros-professores não possui formação pedagógica, pois prevalecem os cursos de Bacharelado e a concepção de que os saberes da atuação na enfermagem são suficientes para ensinar. Existem no Brasil, nove cursos de Licenciatura em Enfermagem, alguns dos trabalhos reportam-se para estudá-los do ponto de vista histórico, dos seus limites e das suas características. A discussão sobre o currículo é apontada como caminho para repensar a formação pedagógica do enfermeiro. Há, portanto, a necessidade de que pesquisas sejam realizadas enfocando a perspectiva do currículo dos cursos de enfermagem sobre a docência.
Globalización financiera, dependencia y cambios institucionales
Authors: Silva Júnior João dos Reis , Fargoni Everton Henrique Eleutério
Published: April 2021

Este texto busca comprender la Reforma del Aparato de Estado en Brasil y las consiguientes reformas de las instituciones republicanas, así como los procesos de regulación y control de la sociedad, en un contexto global aterrador. Busca mostrar las dimensiones económicas y políticas de los cambios estructurales en la universidad estatal, en la investigación y la ciencia en el país, considerando las relaciones centro-periferia. A través del diagnóstico de la realidad, nos basamos en Locke y Sader en la lectura cíclica de la dinámica capitalista en América Latina y Harvey para inferir los cambios en el capitalismo mundial que cada vez más desembocan en reformas. Concluye con importantes observaciones sobre las nuevas formas de sobreexplotación del trabajo que los países del capitalismo periférico soportan la dependencia económica.
Beyond the dominant discourse on internationalization of higher education
Authors: Leal Fernanda Geremias
Published: April 2021

Research on internationalization of higher education has been predominantly non-theoretical and positivist rather driven towards the consecution of practical objectives than concerned with the structures in which internationalization operates, or its dilemmas and contradictions. Dr. Chrystal George Mwangi, an Associate Professor at the College of Education of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States, is one of the academic voices that has questioned the idea of internationalization as an ‘unconditional good’ as often emphasized by dominant political and academic discourses. In this interview, conducted in June 2020, Dr. George Mwangi reflects on internationalization of higher education from a critical approach, addressing issuessuch as the impact of choices on how to engage on this process; the challenges of being a scholar-practitioner in this field; and the role of internationalization in the Covid-19 pandemic context.
Estado do conhecimento da educação superior no Brasil
Authors: Lesnieski Marlon Sandro , Trevisol Márcio Giusti
Published: April 2021

O tema Educação Superior é bastante recorrente nos debates e pesquisas científicas no campo educacional. Por ser um tema ligado diretamente há uma área central da formação humana, as pesquisas em educação superior acabam tensionando diversos eixos interpretativos e suscitando questões coevas às problemáticas atuais. O artigo tem por escopo apresentar, a partir do Estado do Conhecimento, os temas e questões sobre a educação superior. O problema investigativo se caracteriza pelas perguntas: o que os pesquisadores da área da educação superior estão publicando? Quais os temas? Quais os conceitos? Quais as questões levantadas? As perguntas anunciam a complexidade da área e apontam as tensões decorrentes das disputas pela hegemonia de um projeto de educação superior. Os acervos científicos selecionados foram: ANPEd, Portal de Periódico CAPES e a base SCIELO, no recorte temporal de 2017-2020. Esta investigação foi bibliográfica e teve como base de análise a metodologia histórico-crítica. Os dados categorizados permitem aferir que existe uma produção cientifica em Educação Superior densa e variada. A análise nos ajudou a compreender a preocupação dos autores em debater questões atuais sobre a educação superior brasileira, e que mesmo com uma produção temática sólida, ainda persistem certos valores hegemônicos que representam uma unidade ética nas investigações em diversas frentes de atuação.  Além disso, ficou evidente o crescente movimento de mercantilização da educação superior neste período de 2017 a 2020 no Brasil, fruto das Políticas Internacionais de Educação que vem sendo impostas desde a construção e integração do Espaço Europeu de Educação  na Europa.
Exploring the boundaries and ontology of Psychiatric Disorders (PDs) using the Homeostatic Property Cluster (HPC) model
Authors: Casali Marco
Published: April 2021

In this article we show that, even though the classification and diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders (PDs) are performed according to essentialist terms, the psychiatric diagnoses currently employed, (i.e., clinical psychiatry) do not actually meet these criteria. Diagnosis is performed operationally. In this paper, we suggest a change of perspective. We reject essentialism relating to PDs and argue for the Homeostatic Property Cluster (HPC) model, which allows a greater insight into the ontology of PDs than the operational perspective. More specifically, we argue that the HPC model allows for a synthesis of continuous and discrete methods of understanding the boundaries between PDs. Finally, we specify in a more general manner, the kind of ontology we deal with when adopting the HPC model, arguing that this model can be viewed as a mirror device, reflecting the ontological features of PDs.
Guía metodológica para desarrollar el liderazgo pedagógico en directivos de una institución educativa privada del Cercado de Lima
Authors:   , Soto Padilla Carmen Katherine
Published: April 2021

La investigación está centrada en el diseño de una guía metodológica, con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo del liderazgo pedagógico en directivos de una institución educativa privada ubicada en el Cercado de Lima. Se considera, desde el aspecto metodológico que la investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y es de tipo aplicada educacional, en la cual se tomó como muestra a dos directivos, diez docentes de los tres niveles educacionales de la institución y diez padres de familia. Para el trabajo de campo, se consideró los métodos empíricos y prácticos; además, de aplicarse los instrumentos, tales como la guía de entrevista a directivos, cuestionarios a docentes y a padres de familia y la guía de observación, los cuales fueron de soporte para el diagnóstico de la investigación, que sirvió para identificar las necesidades de la institución, siendo una de ellas la ausencia de canales de comunicación efectivos entre los directivos, docentes, padres de familia y alumnos. Asimismo, se evidenció un deficiente plan de reconocimiento no financiero para los docentes, lo cual no motiva su labor. Por ello, la guía metodológica propone cuatro fases con actividades estructuradas para cubrir las necesidades encontradas y cumplir con el objetivo de la investigación.
Estrés y conducta parental de padres con hijos entre 3 a 5 años en situación de pandemia
Authors:   , Carrillo Díaz Cristina
Published: April 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si existe influencia del estrés parental (EP) sobre la conducta parental (CP) de padres con hijos entre 3 a 5 años en situación de pandemia. Asimismo, analizar la existencia de diferencias entre los cuatro grupos de familia (monoparental, nuclear, extensa y reconstituida) en función de las dimensiones que componen al EP y a la CP. La muestra estuvo constituida por 88 padres de familia (76.1% mujeres) con edades oscilando entre los 23 a 52 años. El tipo de familia con mayor predominancia fue la Nuclear (47.7%); siendo la Reconstituida la de menor presencia (3.4%). Se utilizaron el inventario de Conducta Parental (ICP) y el cuestionario de Estrés Parental Versión Abreviada (PSI-SF). El análisis de los datos fue a través de regresión múltiple para las dimensiones de la CP con las dimensiones del EP (malestar parental, MP; interacción disfuncional padre-hijo, ID P-H; niño difícil, ND) como predictores; y ANOVA, para las comparaciones entre los tipos de familia. Los resultados demostraron que existe influencia baja de las tres dimensiones del EP sobre cada dimensión de la CP e influencia inversa entre ID P-H con la conducta de hostilidad/coerción. Además, se encontró una baja diferencia entre los tipos de familia con respecto a la dimensión MP e insignificante en las otras dos dimensiones (ID P-H y ND). Dicho resultado también apareció en el ejercicio de la conducta hostilidad/coerción entre los cuatro grupos de familia a comparación de la conducta compromiso/soporte, que evidenció pequeñas diferencias entre estas.
Setting of Minimal Wages: Foreign Experience and Russian Practice
Authors: Efimova E.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines and compares the systems of minimum wage settings existing in foreign countries and the Russian Federation. The comparisons are made in the following directions: methods of minimum wage setting, coverage of the employees, frequency of adjustment and availability of sub-minimum rates for young workers. As a result of this analysis the author offers recommendations how to improve the mechanism for setting minimum wages in the Russian Federation at whole and its particular regions.
Drug Dealing – Specific Global Problem
Authors: Shishkov Y.
Published: April 2021

Since long ago drugs production and trafficking, by scale and negative consequences for the society, has turned into one of global problems. Drug usage leads to personal degradation of millions and to premature death of hundreds of thousands of people. But it is only the tip of the iceberg. The other parts are a wide-spread black market, smuggling, corruption, shaping mafia clans, which erode state services and even defy the integrity of public institutions. The struggle with this disaster continues on a national and an inter-governmental level for more than a century, but without any success. The author finds the root cause of this in the specific nature of this global problem and believes that the efforts should rather focus on the reduction in the demand for drugs, than on drugs production and trafficking.
Automotive Industry: Crisis and Innovations
Authors: Kondrat’ev V.
Published: April 2021

Banking and financial collapse of late 2008 extremely heavily hit the automotive industry in most countries. In 2009, the production of cars in the world dropped to 57 million units compared to 68 million in 2007. At the same time, recent statistics show that the industry is rapidly recovering from the worst crisis in its history. In the 1st quarter of 2010 car production in the world increased by 57% compared to the same period of 2009. In China, Canada, Mexico and Great Britain it increased by more than 70%. Volkswagen, Ford Motor Company and FIAT announced major investment plans, particularly in China and Latin America. Accordingly, it is expected that in 2010 the global car production will grow to 70 million units, and to 88 million by 2016, 40% of all sales will be in the Asia-Pacific region. Reduction of the automotive industry in Russia turned out to be deeper than anywhere else – 49% in 2009 against the previous year's level. For comparison: in the United States reduction amounted to 21%, in Spain – to18, in Japan – to10, in the UK – to 6.4, in Italy – to 0.2; while in China the production grew by 44%. Nevertheless, the Russian automotive industry is also showing signs of recovery, primarily because of the governmental program of recycling old cars.
North-South: Forecast of Socio-Economic and Political Dynamic (the end)
Authors: Grishin I.
Published: April 2021

The publication represents the outcomes of the regular academic seminar “Modern problems of development” conducted by the IMEMO Center of the problems of development and modernization. The relationships between the Center and the Periphery, the prospects for the development of the North and the South in the light of Kondrat'ev's long cycles theory, new technological modes and transformation of social institutions are discussed. For the next ten years the major conflicts in the Middle East, Central Asia, Pakistan, Afghanistan and the Korean peninsula are forecasted.
Identity of Other Culture Minorities and Future of European Politics
Authors: Vainshtein G.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the phenomenon of national identity which is increasingly perceived as a crucial factor to unite the society, to ensure the citizens’ involvement in implementation of public policy’s objectives of the socio-political development and to hinder social disintegration. It is noted that a sense of common, supranational identity is spreading in the minds of the EU countries’ residents. However, as the author argues, the situation is still far from the expectations of the pan-Europeans. Moreover, it looks like that the progress of the pan-Europeanism has reached a certain limit. The problem of overcoming it becomes more and more complex.
Russian-Japanese Energy Dialog
Authors: Nosova I.
Published: April 2021

The paper suggests a problem-focused analysis of the present stage of the energy cooperation between Russia and Japan. A special attention is paid towards Japan’s growing interest to the resource potential of the Russian Far East.
Spain: Weak Prospects for Growth
Authors: Ponedelko G.
Published: April 2021

The current financial and economic crisis has become a complete perfect surprise for the citizens and the government in Spain. By the end of 2009 it became evident that the magnitude, depth and duration of the crisis phenomena occurring in the country are significantly greater than in other EU countries. In such circumstances the Spanish government launched a search for a new model of economic growth.
Economics of International Relations
Authors: Oleinov A.
Published: April 2021

International relations are often considered as a separate field of research in social sciences. The key characteristic of this field is the use of a variety of theoretical approaches that leads to the fragmentation of knowledge about International Relations. This article is considering the possibility to synthesize the principles of existing theoretical concepts of international relations by using the basic methodology of economics.
Ethno-Separatism and its Prospects
Authors: Bolotnikova O.
Published: April 2021

The author explores the phenomenon of today's ethnic conflicts which are less frequently turning into the wars between states. The author uses the cases of the countries of former Soviet Union, Western Europe, Africa in order to examine important aspects of the ethnic conflicts settlement. It is concluded that the heart of the problems is the correlation between two fundamental principles of the international law (usually regarded as antagonists in terms of the settlement of such conflicts). Namely, these are the principle of states’ territorial integrity and the principle of peoples’ right to self-determination.
Economic Provision of Military Build-up
Authors: Faramazyan R.
Published: April 2021

The author considers in details the military economics during the Cold war, after its completion at the turn of XX and XXI centuries and at the present stage in the context of globalization. Particular attention is paid to the situation of military build-up in Russia at that time. The advantages and disadvantages of the Russian military economy are analyzed.
Forms of Outsourcing in Modern International Trade
Authors: Kotlyarov I.
Published: April 2021

The paper contains an analysis of the existing types of outsourcing. It is demonstrated that outsourcing can be analyzed from managerial and economical points of view. A classification of types of outsourcing based on their economical nature is proposed. Distinctive features of outsourcing are put in evidence. Models of interaction between companies in case of outsourcing are described.
Toward application of biocontrol to inhibit wine spoilage yeasts: The use of statistical designs for screening and optimisation
Authors: Kuchen Benjamin , Vazquez Fabio , Maturano Yolanda Paola , Scaglia Gustavo J. E. , Pera Licia María , Vallejo Martha Dina
Published: April 2021

Spoilage yeasts generate considerable economic losses in the wine industry, and although sulphur dioxide (SO2) is traditionally used for control, its use has become controversial because of its negative effects on health. Biocontrol has emerged as a partial alternative to SO2, and most research has focused on the selection of biocontrol yeasts and/or the mechanisms involved, while little research has been directed to the environmental conditions that make biocontrol effective for application. When there are two or more interacting yeasts, the physicochemical factors that affect their antagonism are many and therefore the application of biocontrol is complex. To reduce SO2, the present study aimed to elucidate biocontrol mechanisms of two yeast interactions and to establish optimal physicochemical conditions for biocontrol of the spoilage yeast during grape must fermentation. Through the use of statistical design, it was possible to find relevant physicochemical factors and optimise them. Wickerhamomyces anomalus “BWa156” developed an active supernatant against ZygoSaccharomyces rouxii “BZr6” while supernatant from Metschnikowia pulcherrima “BMp29” was ineffective. In mixed must fermentations, the first interaction (BWa156 vs. BZr6) showed fewer physicochemical factors impacting biocontrol compared to the second interaction (BMp29 vs. BZr6). However, the fewer factors of the first interaction had a stronger effect on the decline in the spoilage population. Validations showed that the optimal conditions for biocontrol with the first interaction could be predicted. Analysis of the results with BWa156 vs. BZr6 and BMp29 vs. BZr6 suggests that the first interaction is a competition that includes a killer toxin, while the second interaction involves competition for iron resources. Response surface methodology (RSM) allowed a reduction in the number of experiments and permitted to find the optimal biocontrol conditions (SO2: 0 mg mL-1; pH: 3.7; Reducing sugars: 23 °Brix) for the interaction between BWa156 and BZr6.
Answers to Fundamental Questions in Superresolution Microscopy
Authors: Heintzmann Rainer
Published: April 2021

This article presents answers to the questions on superresolution and structured illumination microscopy as raised in the editorial of a recent publication [K. Prakash et al. arXiv, 2102.13649, 2021]. The answers are based on my personal views on superresolution in light microscopy, supported by reasoning. Discussed are the definition of superresolution, Abbe’s resolution limit and the classification of superresolution methods into non-linear-, prior-knowledge- and near-field-based superresolution. A further focus is put on capabilities and technical aspects of present and future structured illumination microscopy (SIM) methods.
Did you Ask for Citations? An Insight into Preprint Citations en route to Open Science
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: April 2021

Preprints are regularly cited in peer reviewed journal articles, books and conference paper. Are preprint citations somehow less important than citations to peer reviewed research papers? This study investigates citation patterns between 2017 and 2020 for preprints published in three preprint servers, one specializing in biology (bioRxiv), one in chemistry (ChemRxiv), and another hosting preprints in all disciplines (Research Square). As evaluation of scholarship continues to largely rely on citation-based metrics, this analysis and its outcomes will be useful to inform new research-based education in today’s scholarly communication.
How Prenatal Exposures Shape the Infant Brain: Insights from Infant Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Dufford Alexander , Spann Marisa , Scheinost Dustin
Published: April 2021

Brain development during the prenatal period is rapid and unparalleled by any other time during development. Biological systems undergoing rapid development are at higher risk for disorganizing influences. Therefore, certain prenatal exposures impact brain development, increasing risk for negative neurodevelopmental outcome. While prenatal exposures have been associated with cognitive and behavioral outcomes later in life, the underlying macroscopic brain pathways remain unclear. Here, we review studies investigating the association between prenatal exposures and infant brain development focusing on prenatal exposures via maternal physical health factors, maternal mental health factors, and maternal drug and medication use. Further, we discuss the need for studies to consider multiple prenatal exposures in parallel and suggest future directions for this body of research.
Phylogenetic Analyses of New Aquatic Hyphomycetes Provide Molecular Evidence for Microthyriaceae (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) Anamorph
Authors: Qiao Min , Zheng Hua , Guo Jishu , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F. , Xu Jianping , Peng Jie , Zhang Keqin , Yu Zefen
Published: April 2021

The fungal family Microthyriaceae is represented by relatively few mycelial cultures and DNA sequences. As a result, the taxonomy and classification of this group of organisms remain poorly understood. Here, based on DNA sequences at four gene fragments (nuLSU rDNA, nuSSU rDNA, TEF1 and RPB2) in our analyses of aquatic hyphomycetes from southern China, we identify and report four new genera (Antidactylaria, Isthmomyces, Keqinzhangia, Pseudocoronospora) and thirteen new species (Antidactylaria minifimbriata, Pseudocoronospora hainanensis, Isthmomyces oxysporus, I. dissimilis, I. macrosporus, I. relanceatus, Keqinzhangia aquatica, Triscelophorus anakonajensis, T. anisopterioides, T. guizhouensis, T. mugecuoensis, T. multibrachiatus, T. neoseptatus; new combinations Isthmomyces asymmetrica, I. basitruncata, I. geniculata, I. lanceata, I. minima, I. rotundata) belonging to Microthyriaceae. Our results provided the first molecular evidence of asexual morph of this family and strengthened the phylogenetic placement of the family in class Dothideomycetes. The addition of these new taxa made Microthyriaceae the largest family comprising freshwater asexual genera in Pleosporomycetidae. In addition, we confirmed the monophyly of the genus Triscelophorus, the paraphyly of the genus Isthmolongispora, and revised 6 new combinations in Isthmolongispora. ITS barcoding of 13 species were also provided to help identify aquatic hyphomycetes in the future. Our results suggest that the asexual genera and sexual genera identified so far within this family have completely different ecological niches.
Macrophage-Derived Small Exosomes: Efficient Transmission and Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Yanyin , Eguchi Takanori , Sogawa Chiharu , Taha Eman A. , Tran Manh Tien , Nara Toshiki , Wei Penggong , Fukuoka Shiro , Miyawaki Takuya , Okamoto Kuniaki
Published: April 2021

Tumor-associated macrophages are a key component in the tumor microenvironment, secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and other various factors for intercellular communication. However, macrophage-derived EVs heterogeneity and their cytotoxicity to cancer cells has not been well understood. Here, we aimed to separately isolate various types of macro-phage-EVs by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method and investigate EV transmission and cytotoxicity to oral cancer cells. For fluorescence-labeling of cellular and EV membranes, palmitoylation signal-fused GFP and tdTomato were expressed in THP-1 monocytic cells and HSC-3 oral cancer cells, respectively. We found that fluorescence-labeled EVs secreted by macrophages were highly transmissive to oral cancer cells than those from parental monocytic cells. In a co-culture system and conditioned medium (CM), a macrophage-secreted unidentified factor was cytotoxic to oral cancer cells. We fractionated macrophage-derived EVs by the SEC method and performed western blotting to characterize various EV types. Three fractions were characterized: small exosomes (EXO-S: < 50 nm) fraction containing HSP90α, HSP90β, CD63 (EV marker) and β-actin; large exosomes (EXO-L: 50-200 nm) fraction containing CD9 (EV marker) and HSP90β; large EVs (100-500 nm) fraction. Notably, the macrophage-derived small exosomes fraction was cytotoxic to oral cancer cells, while large exosomes and large EVs were not. There-fore, it was implicated that macrophage-derived small exosomes are cytotoxic with high trans-mission potential to cancer cells.