bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penyuluhan Pertanian Teknik Budidaya Bawang Merah Pada Ibu-ibu Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) Desa Kalibeji
Authors: Suhartono Suhartono , Faizati Aulia Rahma , Wijaya Kana Tania , Fitriana Alivia Fanny , Gholidho Amir Fiqri , Afina Zharfan , Hasna Laeli Fauziyah , Gussyanti Lelya , Santoso Sigit , Istiqomah Nisarofa , Harsanti Dwinanda Wuri
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman ibu-ibu pembinaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK), Desa Kalibeji dalam pengembangan budidaya bawang merah. Penyuluhan pertanian ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan kelompok dan teknik penyuluhan ceramah dan diskusi. Kegiatan ini mampu meningkatkan pemahaman ibu-ibu PKK terkait pengendalian dan penanaman bawang merah, meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya kelestarian lingkungan sehingga memilih untuk mengendalikan hama dengan cara yang ramah lingkungan serta meningkatkan semangat ibu-ibu PKK dalam mengembangkan budidaya di Desa Kalibeji guna meningkatkan produktivitas bawang merah. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian teknik budidaya bawang merah yaitu (1) Feromon perangkap merupakan cara pengendalian hama ulat bawang merah yang mudah digunakan dan ramah lingkungan. (2) Salah satu syarat tumbuh bawang merah yaitu membutuhkan penyinaran matahari kurang lebih 12 jam dan membutuhkan kondisi air tanah yang baik, yaitu air tanah dalam keadaan kapasitas lapang atau lembab tetapi tidak becek.

 

 
Kata kunci: bawang merah, budidaya, penyuluhan, KKN
Implementation of Character Education Towards a School of Culture and Environmental Care (Adiwiyata)
Authors: Norsidi Norsidi , Sariani Novita
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the form of implementation of character education towards a cultured and environmentally concerned school (Adiwiyata) and the obstacles in implementing character education towards a cultured and environmentally concerned school (Adiwiyata). The method used in this research is a quantitative approach. Collecting data using a structured questionnaire with closed questions. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The number of samples is 75 students. The research data used descriptive data analysis techniques of percentages in the form, mode, median, average, standard deviation (standard deviation). The results showed that the overall form of implementation of character education towards a cultured and environmentally concerned school (Adiwiyata) with an average score of 3.60% in the good category, students were familiar with using sinks and water faucets to wash their hands. Constraints in the Implementation of Character Education Towards Cultured and Environmentally Concerned Schools (Adiwiyata) as a whole with an average percentage score of 3.56% in the good category, are in accordance with the indicators of environmental care and Adiwiyata schools.

 
KESENJANGAN DIGITAL PADA KELUARGA JAWA DI KABUPATEN WONOSOBO
Authors: Lawang Robert Markus Zaka , Meilani Nur Laila , Puteri Bunga Pertiwi Tontowi , Ekoriano Mario
Published: February 2022

Advances in digital technology often have a negative impact on the quality of relationships between parents and children, especially adolescents in the family. The study aims to describe the responses of parents and adolescents in responding toward the digital divide in the javanese family structure. Theoretically, the digital divide is approached through Bourdieu's constructivism framework with the concept of digital capital as one of its derivatives. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The survey of 225 parents and 225 adolescents in Kretek and Wonosobo sub-districts, in Wonosobo regency, was conducted using installed structured questionnaire in the Open Data Kit / ODK platform. Focus Group Discussion was conducted to further explore the survey findings. The results show that the digital divide in the family has fostered a culture of "solitude" for Z-generation adolescents who can "isolate" their parents who are not familiar with digital technology. Therefore, a collective-based approach is an option that can be considered to reduce the risk of the digital divide

 

Keywords: Family, Digital Divide, Parents Adolescent, Java

 
Abstrak
Kemajuan teknologi digital seringkali membawa dampak negatif terhadap kualitas hubungan orang tua dengan anak khususnya anak remaja dalam keluarga. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respon orang tua dan anak remaja dalam menyikapi adanya kesenjangan digital pada struktur keluarga Jawa. Secara teoretis, kesenjangan digital (digital divide) didekati melalui kerangka konstruktivisme Bourdieu. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Survei terhadap 225 orang tua dan 225 anak remaja di Kecamatan Kretek dan Kecamatan Wonosobo, Kabupaten Wonosobo dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang di-install dalam Open Data Kit/ODK platform. Focus Group Discussion/FGD dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi lebih lanjut atas temuan hasil survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesenjangan digital dalam keluarga telah menumbuhkan budaya “kesendirian” kaum remaja generasi Z atau generasi alpha yang serta merta dapat “menyendirikan” orang tua mereka yang kurang terbiasa dengan teknologi digital. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan berbasis kolektif menjadi opsi yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk mereduksi risiko kesenjangan digital tersebut.

 

Kata Kunci: Keluarga, Kesenjangan Digital, Orang Tua, Remaja, Jawa
Implementasi Monitoring Mechanism of Syariah Product Innovation dalam Pengembangan Produk Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Kartika
Published: February 2022

Kondisi Hukum Islam dalam hukum nasional saat ini telah merasuk dalam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakat utamanya dalam aspek ekonomi perbankan. Perbankan di Indonesia saat ini sudah berkembang dengan sistem perbankan berbasis syariah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kebutuhan masyarakat Indonesia yang mayoritas beragama muslim dalam kegiatan perbankan yang tidak melanggar aturan dalam agama Islam, yaitu riba. Segala kegiatan perbankan mulai dari pelayanan, bentuk transaksai, hubungan bisnis, pengawasan serta produk perbankan, tidak lepas dari prinsip syariah. Namun, kondisi saat ini minat masyarakat untuk beralih menjadi nasabah bank syariah masih kurang. Salah satu penyebabnya produk perbankan syariah belum mampu berinovasi sehingga produk yang dihasilkan belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya Sumber Daya Insani (SDI) baik dari segi inovasi produk dan pengawasan serta regulasi yang secara spesifik .Sehingga, diperlukan suatu konsep mekanisme yang mampu mengawasi produk perbankan syariah agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan tetap dalam prinsip syariah melalui konsep Monitoring Mechanism of Syariah Product Innovation
Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Perzinahan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Trengguno Wetan
Authors: Purnomo Herlambang Bagus
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme penyelesaian perkara perzinahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Padukuhan Trengguno Wetan dan implementasi keadilan restoratif dalam mekanisme penyelesaian perkara tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian adalah Padukuhan Trengguno Wetan, Desa Sidorejo, Kecamatan Ponjong, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Penelitian menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap responden dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme berbasis kearifan lokal yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Padukuhan Trengguno Wetan dalam menyelesaikan perkara perzinahan adalah melalui mekanisme musyawarah dengan mendatangkan para pihak yang melakukan perzinahan dan ditengahi oleh kepala padukuhan. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa musyawarah penyelesaian perkara perzinahan tersebut sangat relevan dengan prinsip-prinsip keadilan restoratif yang dapat dibuktikan bahwa musyawarah tersebut sangat menjunjung tinggi nilai kekeluargaan dengan mempertemukan pelaku dan korban dalam satu forum yang sama supaya terjadi dialog untuk mencapai solusi yang sama-sama menguntungkan dan bersifat restoratif.
Komparasi Hukum Humaniter Internasional dan Hukum Islam dalam Penggunaan Senjata pada Perang Laut
Authors: Ghoffar Ahmad Raihan , Kusumo Ayub Torry Satriyo
Published: February 2022

Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa implementasi pembatasan penggunaan senjata pada perang laut dengan mengkomparasi hukum Humaniter Internasional dengan hukum Perang Islam. Perkembangan teknologi militer yang berkembang saat ini dan eskalasi konflik bersenjata yang meningkat di wilayah perairan saat ini telah melampaui hukum humaniter internasional saat ini. Maka perlu peninjauan kembali serta pembentukan hukum humaniter baru yang mana sanggup menghadapi konflik laut di masa yang akan datang.
Evolución de la industria metalmecánica en Juárez y la adquisición de conocimiento
Authors: Estrada Lázaro Bertha , García Uribe Emanuel Francisco
Published: February 2022

Este artículo examina la evolución reciente en la industria metalmecánica en Juárez que se ha caracterizado por la aplicación del conocimiento en sus procesos productivos. Se profundiza en la identificación y caracterización de redes sociales empresariales desde un enfoque sociocéntrico. Los resultados que se presentan forman parte de un producto de investigación y revelan un sistema de interacciones entre las empresas participantes en relación a las fuentes de acceso y adquisición de conocimiento en un proceso de aprendizaje interactivo. El estudio identifica una diversidad de agentes líderes, entre los que se encuentran clientes, proveedores y empresas consolidadas en la localidad.
LA ACTIVIDAD ECONÓMICA EN MÉXICO Y LA RELACIÓN TRIBUTARIA ENTRE LOS AÑOS 1700-1821. PERIODO BORBÓN
Authors: Gutiérrez Ayala Marcos
Published: February 2022

Uno de los temas de pensamiento complejo son los impuestos, su esencia, forma, administración y destino. El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar las imposiciones tributarias en México entre los años 1700-1821, pero también sus excepciones, así como sus rigurosos controles y exigencias, a pesar de la vigilancia en los actos realizados por los miembros de la comunidad en aras de la transparencia y el control de los recursos. El método cualitativo nos permite un mejor entendimiento de interacción social, jurídica y cultural del fenómeno económico y tributario. A la vista de la historia, esta relación jurídico-tributaria es una relación de poder que va más allá de un conjunto de reglas. Hemos llegado a concluir que la relación tributaria debe ser de derecho y no de poder, y no debemos olvidar el aspecto económico que aparece como vínculo hegemónico elemental por las condiciones y requerimientos, cuya esencia es el financiamiento al Estado bajo la premisa del gasto público.
English Teachers’ Understanding of Language Assessment
Authors: Wijayanti Dina Novita
Published: February 2022

In reality, most of the teachers assess the students’ works only by using test. Ideally, as teachers whose job assess the students’ works, they must understand and apply the concept of measurement include testing, assessment, examination, and evaluation. In fact, we sometimes find phenomena where the teachers get confused to differ among them. Because of the reasons above, the researcher is interested in describing how far the English teachers understand about language assessment and how they assess and interpret the students’ work. The research is conducted in the form of qualitative. The subjects of the study are 2 English teachers from SMA 1 Kudus and 2 English teachers from SMP 3 Bae Kudus. The findings showed that only 25% teachers understood language assessment. The others found difficulties in differentiating and applying measurement concept. So, it can be inferred that teachers’ understanding still needed improvement.
The Difference of Second/ Foreign Language Acquisition and Learning for Adults and Children (A Qualitative Study on Steinberg’s Research (1982 and 1993))
Authors: Arifin Win Listyaningrum
Published: February 2022

This paper is based on the research by Steinberg in 1982 and 1993 to answer the question of how children and adults control second/foreign languages with the focus on giving more reasonable answers whether the children are better than adults in the mastery. The process of obtaining second language can be from the natural/social/acquisition and from class/learning. The learner's internal factors such as the role of the first language, motivation, and attitudes are also very important in determining the success of second language acquisition. Steinberg et al. try to draw the conclusion that the decrease in memory power for learners is associated with age. Age cannot be a benchmark for the success rate of mastering a second/foreign language other than mother tongue as long as the involved people have desire to use the foreign language or the second language for the purpose of integrating and socializing.
Las telas como nuevos recursos materiales para la optimización del desarrollo en el medio acuático en infantes
Authors: Casado Ribera Julia , Huéscar Hernández Elisa , De Paula Borges Luciane
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: En el momento del nacimiento, por sus características de inmadurez evolutiva, los bebés necesitan de un contexto y entorno seguro que sea capaz de aportarle tranquilidad y bienestar a través de una estimulación de carácter suave y controlada.
Objetivos: Por un lado, llevar a cabo una revisión bibliográfica para analizar las líneas de investigación que emplean el uso de tejidos en el medio acuático como herramienta favorecedora del bienestar del bebé. Por otro lado, realizar una propuesta práctica como recurso para proporcionar una herramienta útil para el educador acuático favoreciendo el desarrollo integral del niño.
Método: Se realizó la búsqueda a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Discovery UMH, ResearchGate y Google académico, limitándose a estudios en inglés, castellano y portugués publicados en los últimos 20 años.
Resultados: Destacan 3 líneas de abordaje respecto a la utilización de las telas: el baño envuelto, el posicionamiento utilizado, y la hidroterapia neonatal. Siendo la base para la elaboración de la propuesta práctica.
Conclusiones: El uso de las telas se presenta como un recurso muy poco estudiado en el medio acuático con un gran potencial y versatilidad. Sin embargo, existe una escasa evidencia que se centre en los beneficios de este material en el agua.
Palabras clave: Bebés, agua, natación, terapia acuática, vínculo, educación, telas.
Importancia de la gestión emocional en la educación acuática infanto-juvenil: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Garrido Micaela , Huéscar Hernández Elisa , De Paula Borges Luciane
Published: February 2022

Antecedentes: En cuanto a los textos encontrados, aparecieron en una primera instancia relacionados a deportes en entornos competitivos, al vínculo entre el docente y el niño, relacionados a las actividades físicas en general, entre otros. Sin embargo, al momento de aplicar filtros y limitar el sondeo, orientándolo hacia la práctica infantil de actividades acuáticas, al vínculo entre la educación emocional y las actividades dentro del mundo acuático, allí encontramos un vacío. Es por ello, que hemos apartado para este estudio, aquellos artículos que traten sobre las emociones en edades tempranas y aquellos que vinculan las mismas a la metodología de enseñanza. A partir de los cuales se pretende inferir la relación vincular entre la gestión de las emociones y la enseñanza de las actividades acuáticas.          
Se ha resuelto también incluir, aquellas investigaciones que refirieran a la gestión emocional en poblaciones en situación de diversidad funcional, como ser TEA (Trastorno del Espectro Autista) y Parálisis Cerebral, que fueron siempre mayor número de trabajos que los que se han encontrado en población de desarrollo típico.
Objetivos: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica, de los estudios que se han realizado en los últimos 20 años entorno a la gestión emocional y las actividades acuáticas en la infancia y la adolescencia.  Esperando contribuir a la comprensión de los factores asociados a la mejora de la gestión emocional en este medio.
Método: Este estudio consistió en la realización de una revisión sistemática, en la que se seleccionaron y analizaron los resultados de las investigaciones en relación a la gestión emocional en el ámbito acuático. La búsqueda exhaustiva de los trabajos publicados en torno a la gestión emocional utilizó como filtro, publicaciones de los últimos 20 años y que sean exclusivamente relacionadas con el medio acuático.
La búsqueda bibliográfica se basó en bases de datos electrónicas, recopiladas de: SCOPUS, Web of Science, Dialnet, SciELO, EBSCOhost, Timbó Foco y Google académico
Resultados: La revisión realizada arroja resultados relacionados con beneficios para el desarrollo del infante en dos ámbitos: a) personal y b) social. Respecto al ámbito personal los trabajos informan de mejoras relacionadas con el trabajo de la gestión emocional en el medio acuático respecto al autoconcepto del niño y su propia percepción personal.
Conclusiones: En este estudio concluimos, a partir de los resultados de los estudios revisados, que la gestión emocional en el medio acuático se presenta como fundamental para contribuir en el desarrollo integral del infante, ya que participa no solo a nivel personal, desde la mejora del autoconocimiento y autopercepción, sino también a nivel social, fomentando las relaciones con los demás, ya sea en poblaciones infantojuveniles de desarrollo típico como con diversidad funcional.
Palabras clave: gestión emocional, educación acuática, niños, bienestar
Association of Neural Tube Defects with maternal and neonatal serum vitamin B12 level in Bangladesh: A multicenter case control study
Authors: Amin Fakhrul , Pervez Abu Faisal Mohammad , Shahidullah Mohammod , Mannan Abdul , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Sabuj Mohammad Kamrul Hasan , Rashid Ferdous Jahan Binte , Sujon Hasnat , Sarker Mohammad Habibur Rahman
Published: February 2022

Background: Neural tube defects (NTDs), a congenital deformity of the central nervous system attributed to multifactorial etiology including nutritional factors e.g., folic acid deficiency. Some studies suggested deficiency of vitamin B12 may be another factor behind NTDs due to its intimate metabolic pathway with folic acid. This study aimed to identify the association of NTDs with maternal and neonatal serum vitamin B12 level.Methods: This case-control study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2015 in three tertiary level hospitals at Dhaka, Bangladesh. 32 cases (neonate with NTDs-mother pair) were selected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital (18), Dhaka Medical College Hospital (8) and Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford hospital (6). 40 age and sex matched controls were selected from BSMMU. A baseline assessment of the mothers on age, parity, education, residence, antenatal checkup, method of delivery and socio-economic status was taken. Vitamin B12 was estimated from the venous blood sample of the mother and newborn within 7 days after delivery. We considered <200 pg/ml of vitamin B12 as ‘deficiency’, 200-300 pg/ml as ‘marginal deficiency’ and >300 pg/ml as ‘normal’. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SD and qualitative data were expressed as proportion. Chi-square test and student’s unpaired t-test was used for comparison of categorical and continuous variables respectively. Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between continuous variables.Result: Mothers with low socio-economic status (p=0.004) and irregular antenatal checkup (p=0.029) were significantly higher among the cases. Serum vitamin B12 level of mother (p<0.01) and newborn (p<0.01) were significantly lower among the cases. Vitamin B12 deficient newborn were significantly higher among the cases (50% vs. 25%). Maternal and neonatal serum vitamin B12 levels were positively correlated with both case (Pearson R=0.517) and control (Pearson R=0.627) groups.Conclusion: This study finding suggests that both maternal and neonatal low serum vitamin B12 level is associated with NTDs. Vitamin B12 supplementation along with folic acid may be considered for to-be-mothers to prevent NTDs.
Behavioural Optimisation To Address Trial Conduct Challenges: Case Study In The UK-REBOA Trial
Authors: Lawrie Louisa , Duncan Eilidh M. , Jansen Jan O. , Campbell Marion K , Brunsdon Dan , Skea Zoë , Coffey Taylor , Cochran Claire , Gillies Katie
Published: February 2022

Background: Clinical trials comprise multiple processes at various stages of the trial lifecycle. These processes often involve complex behaviours such as recruiting vulnerable patient populations and clinicians having to deliver complex trial interventions successfully. Few studies have utilised a behavioural framework to assess challenges and develop strategies to effective trial recruitment and delivery of trial interventions. This study reports the application of an innovative methodological approach to understand core trial processes, namely recruitment and intervention delivery, using a behavioural science approach to develop strategies designed to mitigate trial process problems. Methods: The UK-REBOA trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (a novel intervention) in injured patients with exsanguinating haemorrhage. A behavioural diagnosis was conducted using theory-informed (Theoretical Domains Framework, TDF) semi-structured interviews with site staff from the UK-REBOA trial to investigate trial processes which could be improved in relation to trial recruitment and delivery of the intervention. Interviews were analysed using the TDF to identify salient domains, which were then mapped to techniques for behaviour change and developed into potential solutions.Results: The behavioural diagnosis of the challenges experienced during trial processes highlighted factors relevant to a range of TDF domains: Skills; Environmental context and resources; Beliefs about capabilities; Beliefs about consequences; Social influences; and Memory, attention, and decision processes. Within the solution development phase, we identified 24 suitable behaviour change techniques that were developed into proposed solutions to target reported process problems with the aim of changing behaviour to improve recruitment and/or intervention delivery. Proposed solutions included targeted changes to trial training content, suggestions to restructure the environment (e.g. reinforced the purpose of the trial with information about the social and environmental consequences) and other strategies to reduce barriers to recruitment and intervention delivery. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a behavioural approach to investigate behavioural trial process problems and subsequently develop and implement targeted solutions in an active trauma trial. Understanding the underlying determinants that affected behaviour, attitudes and beliefs in this trauma trial provided an avenue to implement theoretically informed, evidence-based solutions designed to enhance trial practices. Trial registration: ISRCTN: 16184981.
Characterized Source Model of The 2013 Lushan Earthquake (Mw 6.6) by Empirical Green’s Function Method
Authors: Wu Hao , Irikura Kojiro , Miyakoshi Ken , Somei Kazuhiro
Published: February 2022

Ground motions near the source area of the mainshock of the 2013 Lushan earthquake (Mw 6.6) in the Sichuan Province in China were reproduced using the characterized source model and the empirical Green’s function method (EGFM). The best-fit characterized source model consists of one strong motion generation area (SMGA) and a background area. The synthesized ground motions of the characterized source model were in fairly good agreement with the observed ones in the frequency range from 0.5 to 30.0 Hz at eleven strong-motion stations. The relationships between the SMGA and the seismic moment, and those between the flat amplitude of acceleration source spectrum in the short-period and the seismic moment, for the 2013 Lushan earthquake (Mw 6.6), almost followed the empirical scaling relationships of inner fault parameters so far developed for the crustal earthquakes. The reason for the largest PGA (>1g) in the strong-motion observation history of China recorded at the 051BXD strong-motion station was investigated from the source and site effects. Through comparing the synthesized ground motions at the station for three different rupture-starting-point and comparing the earthquake H/V spectral ratios between the mainshock and the EGF event, neither the significant directivity effect nor the strong nonlinear effect was observed on the ground motions at the 051BXD. The predominant period around 0.1 s of the Fourier spectra of both the mainshock and the EGF event suggested that the site effect should be responsible for the large record.
Examining the Utility of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Detecting Low-Intake Dehydration in Older Adults in Clinical Care Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alsanie Saleh , Lim Stephen , Wootton Stephen A
Published: February 2022

Background

Dehydration is a frequent cause of excess morbidity and poor health outcomes, particularly in older adults who have an increased risk of fluid loss due to renal senescence, comorbidities, and polypharmacy. Detecting dehydration is key to instigating treatment to resolve the problem and prevent further adverse consequences; however, current approaches to diagnosis are unreliable and, as a result, under-detection remains a widespread problem. This systematic review sought to explore the value of bioelectrical impedance in detecting low-intake dehydration among older adults admitted to acute care settings.
Methods

A literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken in November 2020 and led to the evaluation of four studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for observational studies; three studies had a high risk of bias, and one had a low risk. Data were extracted using systematic proofs. Due to insufficient reporting, the data were analysed using narrative synthesis.
Results

One study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of bioelectrical impedance varied considerably depending on the total body water percentage threshold used to ascertain dehydration status. Other included studies supported the technique's utility when compared to conventional measures of hydration status.
Conclusions

Given the scarcity of literature, future research is required to ascertain the diagnostic value of bioelectrical impedance for low-intake dehydration in older inpatients.
Exposure Characteristics of Phthalate Metabolites Among The Zunyi Cohort of Pregnant Women in Southwest China
Authors: Liao Juan , Fang Derong , Liu Yijun , Xiong Shimin , Wang Xia , Tian Yingkuan , Zhang Haonan , An Songlin , He Caidie , Chen Wei , Liu Xiang , Wu Nian , Tian Kunming , Wang Linglu , Zhang Ya , Yuan Hongyu , Zhang Li , Li Quan , Shen Xubo , Zhou Yuanzhong
Published: February 2022

Reported evidence has increasingly indicated that exposure to phthalates can cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, phthalate exposure levels among pregnant women remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine samples of the Zunyi cohort of pregnant women from Southwest China. The study was conducted between August 2020 and July 2021, and urine samples were collected from 1003 pregnant women during their third trimester of pregnancy. The concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in urine samples were then determined. Data on socio-demographic profiles of the participants, lifestyle during pregnancy, parity, and sampling season were collected using questionnaires. The detectable rate of phthalate metabolites ranged from 76–100%. On average, mono-butyl phthalate exhibited the highest median concentration (84.24 µg/L), while mono-benzyl phthalate exhibited the lowest median concentration (0.08 µg/L). Urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites were significantly higher in older, multiparous, higher-body mass index, higher-income, and passive-smoking during pregnancy participants. The levels of low-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites were highest during the summer. In light of our findings, phthalate metabolites present a demographic and seasonal differential distribution among the study population.
Trajectories of Activities of Daily Living in the Last 8 Weeks of Life Among Patients With Terminal Cancer in a Palliative Care Unit: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Soeda Ryo , Mitsuhashi Mana , Okano Suzune , Yokosawa Aiko , Ibe Yuki , Okutsu Teruo , Ishikawa Aiko , Tsuji Tetsuya
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To clarify the multiple trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with terminal cancer using a comprehensive assessment measure.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed hospitalized patients with cancer who died or were discharged from a palliative care unit. Multiple trajectories were estimated using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) by collecting Functional Independence Measure (FIM) total scores for 8 weeks retrospectively.Results: In total, 306 patients were analyzed. GBTM analysis estimated four groups as the best model for the FIM trajectory over 8 weeks using the following trajectories: (1) the No Decline group, in which ADL did not decline until just before death; (2) the Rapid Decline group, in which ADL declined rapidly 2 weeks before death from a trajectory similar to the No Decline group; (3) the Moderate Disability and Slow Decline group, in which the patient slowly declined from requiring mild to severe assistance; and (4) the Severe Disability group, in which the patient continuously required severe assistance.Conclusions: Multiple ADL trajectories were identified in the last 8 weeks of life of patients with terminal cancer. These findings suggest that palliative care needs to be tailored to the characteristics of each patient.
Impact of the Canadian CT Head Rule Supplemented by the Original Published Minimum Inclusion Criteria to Assist Emergency Department Clinicians’ Assessment of Patients Presenting Post Fall From Residential Aged Care: a Retrospective Audit
Authors: Lee Charlene , Beavers Jonathan , Pham Jonathan , Hackett Liam , Miller Joseph , Buntine Paul
Published: February 2022

Background

A large number of CT brain (CTB) scans are ordered in the ED for older patients with a confirmed or possible head strike but no ongoing symptoms of a head injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Canadian CT head rule supplemented by the original published minimum inclusion criteria to assist clinician assessment of the need for CTB following minimal trauma fall in patients presenting from residential aged care facilities (RACF) to a major metropolitan emergency department (ED).
Methods

This study was conducted as a pre- and post-intervention retrospective audit. The intervention involved implementation of a decision support tool to help clinicians assess patients presenting to the ED following a fall. The tool integrated the Canadian CT Head Rule (CCHR) in conjunction with a simplified set of inclusion criteria to help clinicians define a minimum threshold for a “minor head injury”. Outcome data pertaining to CT brain ordering practices and results were compared over symmetrical 3-month time periods pre- and post-intervention in 2 consecutive years.
Results

The study included 233 patients in the pre-intervention arm and 241 in the post-intervention arm. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. There was a 20% reduction in the total number of CTB scans ordered following tool implementation, with 134 (57.0%) scans in the pre-intervention group and 90 (37.3%) in the post-intervention group (p < 0.01). The diagnostic yield in the pre- and post-intervention groups was 3.7% and 5.6% respectively (p = 0.52). No variation was observed in medical management between groups, and no patients in either group underwent neurosurgical intervention.
Conclusions

Use of the CCHR supplemented by the original published minimum inclusion criteria appeared to safely reduce the number of CTB scans performed in RACF residents presenting to an ED after a fall, with no associated adverse outcomes. A larger study across multiple centres is required to determine widespread efficacy and safety of this tool.
Optimization of Microwave Assisted Esterification of Succinic Acid Using Box-Behnken Design Approach
Authors: Umrigar Vaishali Rakesh , Chakraborty Mousumi , Parikh Parimal A.
Published: February 2022

Esters of Butanedioic acid (succinic acid) are appealing renewable esters as a fuel additive and solvents. In present study, we have investigated reaction routes for the esterification of Succinic acid (SA)with alcohols like MeOH, ethanol and 2-PrOH using heterogeneous catalyst D-Hβ (moderate bronsted acidity) in Microwave (MW) irradiated reactor to increase yield and minimise waste generation.Using Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach, operating parameters such as reaction time, microwave power and catalyst dosing were optimized for SA esterification with methanol. At optimum condition using D-Hβ catalyst, 99% maximum conversion was achieved with 98% selectivity of Dimethyl Succinate (DMS). At optimum condition, esterification of SA with ethanol and propanol were also performed.Use of D-Hβ is economically more advantageous as it can be reused directly without any prior washing and also showed significant activity.
Feasibility of Endovascular Stenting in the Treatment of Carotid Artery Dissection
Authors: Song Min , Zhong Xuemin , Li Gongbo , Chen Yangmei , Li Changqing , Luo Haiyan
Published: February 2022

Objective: To clinical curative effect of evaluate the endovascular stenting for the treatment of carotid artery dissection. Methods: A retrospective analysis of multiple hospital in Chongqing during May 2013 to May 2018 of 53 cases of extracranial NIHSS score of 1 or more clinical data of patients with carotid artery dissection, follow-up the NIHSS and mRS score evaluation of the safety and effectiveness. Results: The surgical patients with postoperative march mRS compared with preoperative mRS score, score difference was statistically significant; Surgical and non-surgical patient’s long-term follow-up mRS score had significant differences. Conclusion: The results showed that intravascular extracranial carotid stenting treatment is effective and safe in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke, associated with carotid artery dissection.
Risk Factors for PJK After Posterior Long-Segment Internal Fixation for Chronic Symptomatic Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Fractures with Kyphosis
Authors: Li Qing-Da , Yang Jun-Song , He Bao-Rong , Liu Tuan-Jiang , Gao Lin , Chai Xin , Tian Xin , Hao Ding-Jun
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) for patients with chronic symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (CSOTLF) and kyphosis who underwent long-segment internal fixation.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with CSOTLF complicated with kyphosis who underwent posterior multilevel internal fixation in our hospital between January 2013 and June 2018. The patients’ age, sex, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), smoking status, cause of injury, comorbidities, injury segments, and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading non-surgical data; posterior ligament complex (PLC) injury, upper and lower instrumented vertebral position (UIV and LIV, respectively), number of fixed segments surgical data, proximal junctional angle (PJA), sagittal vertebral axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS) surgical indicators were collected. Patients were divided into postoperative PJK and non-PJK groups. Results: This study included 90 patients; among them, 30 (31.58%) developed PJK postoperatively. All patients were followed up for >24 months (mean 32.5 months). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in age, BMI, BMD, PLC injury, UIV, and LIV fixation position, number of fixation stages, and preoperative PJA, SVA, PI-LL, and SS between the two groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in sex, smoking, cause of injury, complications, injury segment ASIA grade, and preoperative PT between the two groups (P > 0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age >70 years (OR=32.279, P<0.05), BMI >28 kg/m2 (OR=7.876, P<0.05), BMD T value <-3.5 SD (OR=20.836, P<0.05), PLC injury (OR=13.981, P<0.05), and preoperative PI-LL >20° (OR=13.301, P<0.05) were risk factors for PJK after posterior long-segment internal fixation in elderly patients with CSOTLF complicated with kyphosis.Conclusions: Elderly patients with CSOTLF and kyphosis aged >70 years with BMI >28 kg/m2, BMD <3.5 SD, preoperative PI-LL >20°, and PLC injury have increased risk of PJK after posterior long-segment internal fixation. Considering these findings, weight control, osteoporosis treatment, soft tissue protection, and spinal sagittal balance restoration are important to prevent PJK.
Efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma therapy for severe COVID-19 patients：case series study and literature review
Authors: Huang Jinbao , Lan Changqing
Published: February 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new acute respiratory infectious disease that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction in severe patients. However, there is still a lack of effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19. Herein, we investigated the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma (CP) in the treatment of severe COVID-19 in an attempt to explore new therapeutic methods.Methods: Clinical data of three imported severe COVID-19 patients with CP treatment who were under quarantine and treated in a designated COVID-19 hospital from March 2020 to April 2020 were collected and analyzed.Results: The three patients were clinically classified as severe type, including one male and two females, aged 57, 59 and 65 years old, respectively. The main underlying diseases included hypertension, diabetes, sequelae of cerebral infarction and postoperative thyroid adenoma. The common symptoms included cough, fever and shortness of breath. All patients received antiviral drugs and other supportive treatments. Additionally, CP treatment was also administered. Forty-eight to seventy-two hours after CP transfusion, all the patients improved with alleviated symptoms, elevated arterial oxygen saturation, and decreased C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 markers. Total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD3+) and their subsets (CD4+, CD8+) were also obviously increased. Repeated chest CT also showed obvious absorption of lesions in the bilateral lungs. Only one patient had a mild allergic reaction during CP infusion, but no severe adverse reactions were found.Conclusions: The early application of CP for severe COVID-19 patients can improve the condition rapidly, and the therapy is generally effective and safe.
Evolutionary computation approach to enhance protein multiple sequence alignments
Authors: Behera Narayan , M Jeevitesh
Published: February 2022

Certain functional, structural and evolutionary relationships among the protein sequences can be inferred by protein Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA). There are many algorithms developed over three decades but all have inherent limitations. Two important protein sequence alignment programs, ProbCons and Mcoffee stand out. Here the two best MSA algorithms are used to create more efficient computer programs through machine learning approach. The Darwinian principles of evolution are used. The evolutionary operators of a genetic algorithm such as mutation, crossover and selection are implemented to find the optimized protein sequence alignment after several iterations of the algorithm. Thus, we have developed a new MSA computational tool called Protein Alignment by Stochastic Algorithm (PASA). The efficiency of protein sequence alignments is evaluated in terms of the Total Column (TC) score. The TC score is basically the number of correctly aligned columns between the test alignments and the reference alignments divided by the total number of columns. The PASA is found to be statistically more accurate protein alignment method in comparison to other popular bioinformatics tools including ProbCons and Mcoffee.
Excessive Oral Intake of Vitamin B12 Alters Microbe-host Interactions That Stimulate Citrobacter Rodentium Growth and Virulence in Mice.
Authors: Forgie Andrew J. , Pepin Deanna M. , Ju Tingting , Tollenaar Stephanie , Sergi Consolato M. , Gruenheid Samantha , Willing Benjamin
Published: February 2022

Background: Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes on the gut. Yet, it has to be established to what extent excessive levels affect the gut microbiota and infection resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of excess B12 on microbial ecology and pathogen virulence. Mice were fed a standard chow diet and received either water or water supplemented with B12 (cyanocobalamin; ~120 mg/day) and were subsequently challenged with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-specific pathogen. Infection severity was determined by body weight, pathogen load, and histopathologic scoring. Host biomarkers of inflammation were assessed in the colon before and after the pathogen challenge.Results: Cyanocobalamin supplementation led to an enhanced pathogen colonization at day 1 (P < 0.05) and day 3 (P < 0.01) post-infection. The impact of B12 on gut microbial communities, although minor, was distinct and attributed to the changes in the Lachnospiraceae populations and reduced alpha diversity. Cyanocobalamin treatment disrupted the activity of the low-abundance community members of the gut microbiota. It enhanced the amount of interleukin-12 p40 subunit protein (IL12/23p40; P < 0.001) and interleukin-17a (IL-17A; P < 0.05) in the colon of naïve mice. This immune phenotype was microbe-dependent, and the response varied based on the baseline microbiota. The cecal metatranscriptome revealed that excessive cyanocobalamin decreased the expression of glucose utilizing genes by C. rodentium, a metabolic attribute previously associated with pathogen virulence. Conclusions: Cyanocobalamin supplementation enhanced the ability of C. rodentium to colonize the gut by impacting the microbe-host interactions that normally help to protect against pathogen colonization. This research provides insights into vitamin B12 supplementation and highlights potential consequences of over-supplementation.
The Key Role of NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mediating Cholesterol Efflux and Pyroptosis in ox-LDL-induced Macrophages-derived Foam Cells
Authors: Li Jiashan , Liu Jiaru , Yu Ying , Liu Yuee , Guan Xiuru
Published: February 2022

Objective NF-κB plays a well-known function in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation, but growing evidences support a major role in atherosclerosis. Currently, the regulatory mechanism of NF-κB pathway involved in atherosclerosis is not clear.Methods To investigate the role of ox-LDL in NF-κB regulation, the protein expression of phosphorylated NF-κB, a marker of NF-κB pathway activation was measured. The pyroptosis of macrophage was evaluated by western blot and fluorescence microscope. Cholesterol efflux capacity was determined by fluorescence assay and oil red O staining. The inhibitor of activation of NF-κB signal was used to assess the effect of NF-κB signal on macrophage pyroptosis as well as cholesterol efflux in macrophage. Small interfering RNA of ABCA1 was used to assess the effect of ABCA1 on macrophage pyroptosis.Results In this study, we reported THP-1 derived macrophage can be stimulated to increase pyroptosis by ox-LDL in a concentration-dependent. Macrophage pyroptosis was correlated with enhanced activation of NF-κB signal. We found that using inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation to attenuate activation of NF-κB signal could decrease macrophage pyroptosis and ox-LDL-induced cholesterol efflux disorder. Furthermore, we found that knocking out of ABCA1 led to increased cell inflammation death. But pyroptosis was blocked, may led to cholesterol efflux dysfunction. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the mechanism of NF-κB involved in the development of atherosclerosis is depending on mediating cell pyroptosis and cholesterol efflux for the first time and provides significant light on macrophage NF-κB signal in atherosclerosis. In addition, ABCA1 may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis as a bridge between cholesterol efflux and pyroptosis in macrophages.
The Clinically Led WorforcE and Activity Redesign (CLEAR) Programme: a Novel Data-driven Healthcare Improvement Methodology
Authors: Corner Evelyn J , Camilleri Matthew , Dholakia Shruti , Gredal Charlotte , Hansen Tina , Jeans John , LeNovere Marie , Mallender Jacqueline , Monkhouse Alex , Purkiss Claire , Ting Tai Ken , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia , Welfare Stephen , Wood Danny , Wood James
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe NHS is facing substantial pressures to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. Optimising workforce modelling is a fundamental component of the recovery plan. The Clinically Lead workforcE and Activity Redesign (CLEAR) programme is a unique methodology that trains clinicians to redesign services, building intrinsic capacity and capability, optimising patient care and minimising the need for costly external consultancy. This paper describes the CLEAR methodology and the evaluation of previous CLEAR projects, including the return on investment. MethodsCLEAR is a work-based learning programme that combines qualitative techniques with data analytics to build innovations and new models of care. It has four unique stages:· Clinical engagement- used to gather rich insights from stakeholders and clinicians.· Data interrogation- utilising clinical and workforce data for cohort analysis. · Innovation- using structured innovation methods to develop new models of care. · Recommendations- report writing and presentation of key findings to executive boards. A mixed-methods formative evaluation was carried out on completed projects, which included semi-structured interviews and surveys with CLEAR associates and stakeholders, and a health economic logic model that was developed to link the inputs, processes, outputs and the outcome of CLEAR as well as the potential impacts of the changes identified from the projects.ResultsCLEAR provides a more cost-effective delivery of complex change programmes than the alternatives – resulting in a cost saving of £1.90 for every £1 spent independent of implementation success. Results suggest that CLEAR recommendations are more likely to be implemented compared to other complex healthcare interventions because of the levels of clinical engagement and have a potential return on investment of up to £14 over 5 years for every £1 invested. CLEAR appears to have a positive impact on staff retention and wellbeing, the cost of a CLEAR project is covered if one medical consultant remains in post for a year. ConclusionsThe unique CLEAR methodology is a clinically effective and cost-effective complex healthcare innovation that optimises workforce and activity design, as well as improving staff retention. Embedding CLEAR methodology in the NHS could have substantial impact on patient care, staff well-being and service provision.