bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation in the PV Converter Smoothing Circuit Size Reduction vs. Loss in Energy Capturing
Authors: Liu Shuo , Klumpner Christian
Published: March 2013

The Photovoltaic (PV) cell which can convert directly sunlight into electricity has a nonlinear power vs. voltage curve, and a digital controlled power converter is required to implement the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) function. This paper aims to investigate the influence of current ripple amplitude which results from the operation of power converter on the efficiency of capturing the available solar energy. By simulation, a tradeoff between the filter size, the current ripple amplitude and the solar energy capture efficiency is found.
Analysis on Energy Saving Factors and Research on Energy Efficiency Evaluation Indexes of Ventilation and Air Conditioning System in the Underground Engineering
Authors: Geng Shi Bin , Chen Sha Sha , Xiao Ming Xing
Published: March 2013

This paper makes comprehensive analysis on energy saving factors of ventilation and air conditioning system in the underground engineering mainly from five aspects ,such as the overall scheme, cold - heat system, air system, water system and operation management . And based on this, furthermore, each energy saving factor is quantified , the energy efficiency evaluation indexes of each subsystem is studied .So that it provides a concrete and feasible evaluation index and its basic calculation method for energy-saving evaluation, diagnosis of energy saving and energy saving reconstruction work.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on One-Step Magnetron-Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Gui Shan , Li Hao Na , Shen Xiao Yue , Hu Zhi Qiang , Hao Hong Shun
Published: March 2013

CIGS thin films were deposited on soda lime glass by one-step magnetron sputtering using a single quaternary-CIGS target in stoichiometric proportions. The influences of substrate temperature on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were investigated. The phase structure of CIGS thin films was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thickness of CIGS thin films were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The absorption coefficient of CIGS thin films was measured by Ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometer. Four-point probe method was used to test the resistivity of CIGS thin films. Based on the results of characterization, the increase in crystallite size of CIGS was found to be significantly noticeable with increasing substrate temperature. UV-vis measurement analysis suggested that CIGS thin films deposited at different substrate temperatures had high absorption coefficient (~104 cm-1) and optical band gap (1.07-1.23 eV). The substrate temperature dependence of the resistivity of the films indicated that the resistivity of the films fall to about 0.5 Ω۰cm as the substrate glass was heated up to 300 °C.
Effect of Heat-Treatment Condition on the Morphology and Electrochemical Property of LiFePO4
Authors: Liu Yong Gang , Wang Yao Wu , Fang Mou , Shang Yu Ming , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Li , Jiang Jin Zhi
Published: March 2013

Liquid co-precipitation method was applied to produce LiFePO4 cathode materials in which Ferrous carbonate was used as raw material. The morphology and electrochemical property of LiFePO4 were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and charge/discharge test respectively. The results show when the precursor was synthesized at 80°C and then heat treated at 700°C for 5h, the particle size of LiFePO4 was 0.1-1μm and the obtained LiFePO4 shows impressive discharge specific capacity of 155mAh•g-1 at 1C rate.
Studies on Olefin Production by Steam Cracking of Waste Oil Blended with Naphtha
Authors: Han Lei , Ding Chuan Qin , Lui Huie
Published: March 2013

Waste oil is an important part of the renewable energy, the main component is triglyceride that can be used to generate light olefins by steam cracking. The steam cracking feedstock is naphtha mixed with different proportions of waste oil, mainly in order to study the effect of different mixing ratio on the yield of ethylene, propylene and butadiene. In the case of the mixing ratio of naphtha and waste oil is 1:1, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the steam cracking temperature is 775°C, the water- oil ratio is 0.65, the residence time is 0.4s.
Study of Effect of Flame Retardants on Initiation Process of Lignocellulose Materials at Heat Flux Acting
Authors: Turekova Ivana , Turňová Zuzana , Balog Karol , Harangozó Jozef
Published: March 2013

The present paper deals with the study of effects of heat flux on flammability of lignocellulose materials at application of flame retardants, which may restrict or retard the burning of mentioned materials. Significance of the impact of heat flux is important from the viewpoint of fire protection. The heat flux is namely one of the most critical factors causing ignition, the subsequent flame propagation, and last but not least it also affects the burning rate. The aim of this paper is to present the results achieved from experimental measurements of heat flux acting on the selected lignocellulose materials with and without application of flame retardants.
The Investigation on Application of Oxygen-Enriched Combustion in Cement Rotary Kiln
Authors: Shen Xiao Rong , Qing Shan , Shi Xiao Jun , Xiao Yi , Yang Zhi Fang
Published: March 2013

The investigation on application of oxygen-enriched combustion in cement rotary kiln shows that flame temperature in rotary kiln can be increased, which improves the utilization of coal and thermal efficiency of rotary kiln. And the fuel consumption and the cost of production can be reduced. In this situation, the objective of increasing production, improving quality and saving energy can be achieved. In the meanwhile, the requirement of air can be reduced in oxygen-enriched combustion. Thus the generation of flue gas and the products of incomplete combustion, which usually are CO, can be reduced. And then the exhaust gas loss and the generation and emission of CO2 and NOx can be accordingly reduced, which enhances to achieve the objective of reduction of pollutants and promote the environmental benefit greatly.
The Application and Trend of the FSRU for LNG Import in China
Authors: Bao Zhen Hua
Published: March 2013

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) is a kind of LNG receiving terminal forms on the sea. Nowadays, it is the most widely used sea receiving terminal form in the engineering project as it has many advantages. In this paper, the characteristics of the FSRU were discussed based on comparing of the several LNG offshore receiving terminal. The application and trend of the FSRU in China was analyzed. It was found that FSRU is recommended for LNG import in East and South coast of China.
Statistic Analysis on Coal and Gas Outburst Accident in China Coal Mines from 2006 to 2012
Authors: Tian Tao , Li Bo
Published: March 2013

A statistical analysis was conducted on the 182 gas accidents occurring 2006 to 2012 mainly from the two aspects of number of accidents and death toll of coal mines．By applying pie charts，bar charts，packing diagram and tendency charts，the rule of gas accidents was distinctly revealed．
Demand Forecast of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on User Classification
Authors: Li Yan Qing , Jia Zi Hang , Wang Fei Long , Zhao Ying
Published: March 2013

The need of electric vehicle charging stations is described in this paper, and in the paper, the electric vehicle users are classified into three categories, among which Type A users are of strong regular, type B users weak while type C users are randomness. On the basis of historical data, the tenure at a future time is easily to be predicted with the method of multiple linear regressions. Then according to the relevant national policies, the investigation and the Bass diffusion model, the proportion and charging power demand of all types of users can be predicted. Finally, based on the number of all types of users, the request of charging duration, the reserve capacity of routine maintenance, special events and other factors, a reasonable prediction of the conventional charging stations in the particular region is reasonably made. The result of the example shows that the method has strong practicality.
Device Configuration and Investment Decision-Making of Fast Charging Station
Authors: Liu Wen Xia , Liu Liu , Li Shang Yuan , Lu Bing
Published: March 2013

This paper describe an approach to optimize the economy of electric vehicles’fast charging station investment with service satisfaction be constraints. An optimized model is proposed to study the relationship between the number of charge devices and economy of investment, which is based on the internal rate of return. Some service index like the queuing time and queuing length based on queuing theory are calculated to make sure the result reasonable and attainable for both investors and customers. At last, an example based on a conventional traffic flow and service intensity is simulated on Matlab to prove the effectiveness of the model.
Simulation of New Solar Heating System for Heating Biogas Digesters above Ground in Cold Regions
Authors: Hassanein A.A.M. , Qiu Ling
Published: March 2013

The biogas amounts with stable flowing rate require heating in cold weather. This study focuses on using solar energy for heating biogas digester. In this research we used energy plus building energy simulation software and real weather data for simulation the heating of biogas digester with 8760 hours simulation .The research was carried out in two parts: The first one is one biogas digester above ground without heating. The Second part of this study is a simulation of one biogas digester with solar heating by using a new design based on double plastic cover. It has shown that the use of solar energy can achieve the optimum temperature for biogas production process almost the year time. Using double plastic cover is the most suitable method with economic form for heating biogas digester above ground.
A Method for Calculating Energy Savings and Carbon Emissions Reduction Benefits of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Dong Jun , Xie Ling Ling , Feng Qi , Zuo Zheng Min
Published: March 2013

This paper discusses the impact factors of the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of electric vehicles. It compares the energy-saving benefits for different vehicle types. It also provides a modified method to calculate the results, so the local power companies can optimize the layout and the number of electric vehicles, improving the social benefits of electric vehicles.
Analysis of Energy Utilization Technology for Ecological Buildings
Authors: Wang Rong , Liu Ying , E Xiao Xue , Lv Chuang Chao , Liu Peng
Published: March 2013

The main methods and technologies of energy utilization for ecological buildings based on sustainable development are analyzed and the concept of ecological design is introduced. According to the way sustainable energy is used, ecological buildings can be classified into three types as green houses, biological buildings and self government buildings. Several examples of ecological design for these buildings are presented and discussed, such as passive heating, cooling with solar energy, improving natural ventilation and utilization of wind power, which are helpful to minimize the environmental impact and energy consumption in a sustainable way.
Sky Emissivity at Clear Nights in Yunnan, China
Authors: Xu De Lin , Tang Run Sheng , Cheng Yan Bin
Published: March 2013

In this work, sky thermal radiation fallen on the horizon and inclined collector surface at clear nights were directly measured by pyr-radiometers, and an empirical correlation to estimate the emissivity of clear night sky was obtained by linearly fitting the measured data. Results showed that the sky emissivity at clear nights in Yunnan Highlands of China was slightly lower than that expected from correlations of Berdahl et al. and Tang et al. under climatic conditions during the period of measurements, implying that the actual sky over Yunnan highlands was “cooler” than that predicted by other correlations. Results also showed that atmosphere radiation fallen on the surface inclined at 30o from the horizon was slightly lower than that expected from other empirical correlations, the equivalent sky temperature over all the sky dome in Yunnan highlands was almost uniform, and the atmosphere radiation from the sky dome could be regarded as to be isotropic.
Research on Ultrahigh Pumpability of C80 HS & HP Concrete
Authors: Xu Li Bin , Feng Nai Qian , Bee Ch'ng Guan
Published: March 2013

The concrete technology has seen great improvement with the construction of large numbers of ultrahigh buildings at a height of more than 400 meters worldwide. It has been a research hotspot in the field of concrete recently to discuss how to reduce pumping resistance, avoid pumping block and meet the requirements of ultrahigh pumping (h>400m), especially the challenge of the ultrahigh pumping of HS & HP concrete with larger pumping resistance. This paper researches the selection of raw materials and design of mix proportion of C80 concrete used in the construction, and introduces the workable evaluation index, pumpability and pumping project in relation to the ultrahigh pumping of C80 concrete mixture, according to the construction requirements of the one-off pumping height (412 meters) for the C80 HS & HP concrete used in West Tower Project of Zhujiang (Pearl River) New Town in Guangzhou-- the tallest building in South China Region of mainland China.
Analysis on Plantation Potential for Pistacia chinensis as an Energy Plant in Sichuan Province of China Based on GIS
Authors: Wang Xiao Lan , Su Chun Jiang
Published: March 2013

This article evaluated the plantation potential of Pistacia chinensis in Sichuan Province of China based on the spatial analyst technology of Geographic Information System and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The evaluation results show that the high suitable, suitable, moderate suitable and no suitable areas for the plantation of P. chinensis are 28×104hm2, 160×104hm2, 177×104hm2 and 690×104hm2 respectively. The high suitable areas of shrub land, open forest land and unutilized land for its plantation are 9×104hm2, 16×104hm2 and 3×104hm2 respectively. The high suitable regions distribute in fifteen prefecture-level cities. Yibin City has the biggest high suitable area with 4.92×104hm2. Dazhou City has the biggest suitable area of 23.47×104hm2. Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture aren’t suitable for its plantation basically. The evaluation results can provide scientific basis for the planting plan of P. chinensis to a certain extent.
On-Line Monitoring and Optimization of Performance Indexes for Limestone Wet Desulfurization Technology
Authors: Hou Peng Fei , Bai Jian Yun , Yin Jiang
Published: March 2013

Taking No.11 flue gas desulfurization (FGD) site in Taiyuan Second Thermal Power Plant (TSTPP) as an example, the authors respectively deduced the models of technical performance indexes including SO2 removal efficiency and outlet SO2 concentration and the models of economical performance indexes including limestone consumption, power consumption and process water consumption. Then, by using the least square linear and nonlinear regression method, the authors obtained the practical mathematic models in the period of 21:00, Mar. 28th and 3:00, Mar. 29th, 2007. Finally, the authors calculated the optimal solutions of slurry pH value, calcium-sulfur (Ca/S) mole ratio and liquid-gas (L/G) ratio by utilizing the multiobjective programming method. Using this method, the desulfurization system works safely and economically.
Field Monitoring and Numerical Simulating on Three-Dimensional Thermal Density Currents in the Estuary of Xiangxi River
Authors: Hu Nian San , Ji Dao Bing , Liu De Fu , Huang Yu Ling , Yin Wei Ping , Xiong Chao Jun , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2013

To study the special hydrodynamic characteristic in the estuary of Xiangxi River, this project monitored water temperature and flow velocity both of Yangtze River and Xiangxi River in 2010. In addition to monitoring the water environment of two rivers, a three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic model was also applied. By utilizing both field data and a numerical model, a more holistic view of the 3-D thermal density currents was discovered than by using either method alone. The results of the study showed that the invasion form of water from Yangtze River changed along with the variation of differences in water temperature between two rivers. The invasion water influenced the flow field and thermal field distributions in the estuary of XXR: The farther away from the river mouth, the thermal stratification was stronger and the water temperature horizontal distribution was more uniform. Flow velocity decreased as the distance from the river mouth increased
Heavy-Metal Tolerance of the Paecilomyces sp. BJKD1 Isolated from Coal Gangue
Authors: Li Xia , Zhang Yu Xiu , Chai Tuan Yao
Published: March 2013

Microorganisms can be the important biosorbents for heavy metal remediation of contaminated soils or wastewater. A BJKD1 strain isolated from coal gangue piles was identified as a member of the Paecilomyces sp., which can tolerate to 3200 mg/L Cd2+. Favorable condition for BJKD1 growth was at pH 4.0-9.0. The presence of heavy metals, such as 36 mmol/L Cd2+, 1 mmol/L Cu2+, 80 mmol/L Zn2+, 7 mmol/L Ni2+ and 100 mmol/L Mn2+, retarded the growth of BJKD1, however, BJKD1 showed more tolerance for Mn2+. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD ) and Catalase (CAT ) in BJKD1 was increased under high metals concentration, indicated BJKD1 has the potential for biological repair of heavy metal pollution in coal gangue piles.
Theoretical Analysis of the Energy Required for Destratification of a Stratified Source Reservoir
Authors: Sun Xin , Ye Li Li , Huang Ting Lin
Published: March 2013

The minimum energy required for destratification of a source water reservoir is important to determine the design capacity of mixing system used to improve the source water quality. Taking Jinpen Reservoir in Xi’an, as a study case, the water volumes under different water levels of the reservoir were numerically calculated using the geometry data obtained with a RTK system. The total potential energy (PE) was determined by integrating the PE in each thin sub-layer over the water depth with density dependent on the water temperature. The average water temperature after complete mixing was calculated based on the heat exchange theory, and was consistent with the numerical result of temperature simulation. The difference of total potential energy before and after mixing was calculated for each month with the data of water temperature, water density and water volume. The minimum energy required for destratification increasing with the temperature gradient, was relatively high during the period from June to October, and reached a peak of 2412.92 kW·h in July.
Pretreatment of Herbicides Production Wastewater by Spherical Micro-Electrolysis Media
Authors: Zhang Ling , Xie Jing Liang
Published: March 2013

[Objective] The aim is to study the pretreatment effect of herbicides production wastewater by spherical micro-electrolysis media. [Method] Spherical micro-electrolysis media is preferred for the pretreatment of herbicides production wastewater and effects of PH, amount of media and reaction time on the pretreatment was investigated. The change of pre- and post-processing herbicides production wastewater was determined; the operation cost was also analyzed. [Result]The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the PH was 3; the amount of media was 1.0kg/L wastewater; and the reaction time was 3.0h. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the removal of COD, Chromaticity and TP reached 26.3%, 86.4% and 95.6% respectively; BOD5/COD varied from 0.10 to 0.35, and the biodegradability was improved greatly; the cost of pretreatment was 1.0yuan/t, and it was lower than that of electrolysis. [Conclusion] The pretreatment of herbicides production wastewater by spherical micro-electrolysis media has good effect, low cost and no soiling hardening, so it provides a good foundation for subsequent biological treatment.
Study on Chemical Stabilization in Arsenic Contaminated Soil: A Review
Authors: Li Yang , Tang Jia Xi , Zhang Tao , Lian Mei Hua , Tian Xi Zhuo
Published: March 2013

This paper review the chemical stabilization in arsenic contaminated soil use the in situ chemical stabilization technology. Application of iron oxide, alkaline material and phosphorus are very effective agents to fix the arsenic-contaminated soil. In addition, the future study on remediation technology for arsenic-contaminated soils was prospected.
The Microbial Diversity Analysis of Constructed Wetland Wastewater Treatment in Village
Authors: Wang Xiao Xiao , Gong Luo Jun , Han Wei , Yan Qian Qian
Published: March 2013

This paper uses the method of 16SrRNA to analyze the microbial diversity in wetland wastewater treatment of Wuhan galaxy ecological agriculture Co., LTD . Using the method of 16SrRNA, we can get the molecular identification of the strain from screening , determine the 16SrRNA gene sequence and analyzes the homology of the corresponding sequence of related bacteria. The result shows that 32 strains are Bacillus subtilis, two strains are Bacillus licheniformis, six strains are Staptococcus cohnii, one strain is Staphylococcus epidermidis, one strain is Pseudomonas synxantha, and one strain is People umber bacillus in the first wetland. 36 strains are Bacillus subtilis, three strains are Bacillus licheniformis, one strains are Staptococcus cohnii, one strain is Proteus mirabilis, and two strain Staphylococcus epidermidis are the second wetland. The main strain in the two-stage wetland both are Bacillus subtilis.
The Pilot Plant Test of Recovering Chrome from Plating Wastewater Using Ion Exchange Resin
Authors: Yang Jin Yong , Kong Mei Ling , Li Shuang Quan , Ma Xiao Ou
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the chrome plating wastewater of a tin factory in Zhongshan City was taken as research object. In order to offer help for enlarging technique, we studied the pilot plant test of disposing and reclaiming chrome plating wastewater with ion exchange technique and optimized the technological conditions of ion exchange.
Corrosion Factors Analysis and Anti-Corrosion Measures Research of Changqing Oil Field Concentrated Treatment Station
Authors: Qu Cheng Tun , Wang Xin , Su Hong Guang , Tian Jing , Yang Xue
Published: March 2013

In this experiment the main corrosion factors of produced water in Changqing Oil Field concentrated treatment station was studied. In terms of ion component analysis, dissolved oxygen detection, bacteria content measurement, corrosion rate determination, as well as Gray Relational Analysis (GRA) method. And the corrosion products Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis(SEM/EDX) were conducted. The results showed that the TGB content, pH value, S2-content, HCO3-, and dissolved oxygen content were the main corrosion factors. This study indicated that the corrosion rate of the system could be reduced from 0.0872mm/a to 0.0074mm by increasing pH value of oilfield produced water appropriately, strengthening the intensity of sulfur removal, controlling the bacterial content by adding fungicides etc.
Radical-Scavenging Compounds in Olive Fruits and their Changes during Table Olive Preparation
Authors: Jiang Li Qin , Takamura Hitoshi
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of antioxidant activity and antioxidative compounds during table olive preparing by different procedures. The extraction of antioxidants from table olive is studied considering different debittering procedure (alkali treated or brine treated) to investigate the selectivity of the process. The radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and determination of the antioxidant compounds (total phenol, ascorbic acid and tocopherol) are applied to evaluate the antioxidant activity and antioxidative compounds of table olive. The active compounds and DPPH-RSA decreased during table olive preparation. A large amount of the active compounds lost during “alkali treated” except tocopherol. Little amount of the active compounds remained in “brine treated” table olive.
Adsorption Characteristics of Estrone to Aerobic Activated Sludge
Authors: Zeng Qing Ling , Wang Lu , Shen Chun Hua , Li Fei , Zhou Zhen Ming
Published: March 2013

Batch experiments were conducted to measure the sorption capacities of estrone (E1) to aerobic activated sludge. The effect of temperature on E1 sorption was investigated at the temperatures of 5-35oC. The results showed that E1 sorption equilibrium was reached at 15min. E1 sorption on the sludge fitted both Freundlich and linear sorption isotherm models. Distribution coefficients (Kd) of E1 to aerobic inactivated sludge was 546.5 L∙kg-1 at 25oC. The effect of temperature on sorption indicated that lower temperature benefited the sorption. The distribution coefficients (Kd) and sorption rate both decreased with the increased temperature. Kd of E1 to aerobic inactivated sludge was decreased by about 44%; the sorption rate was decreased by about 13% when temperature increased from 5 to 35oC. The specific sorption coefficient KOM or KOC was also used to describe the sorption capacity, which also decreased with increased temperature. Sorption thermodynamics indicated that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.
Experimental Research of Decoloring Treatment on Vitamin B12 Wastewater
Authors: Shan Si Hang , Fan Peng Fei , Xing Yi , Qiao Geng
Published: March 2013

Two kinds of vitamin B12 waste water from a pharmaceutical factory were treated separately by methods of combining micro-electrolysis with physiochemical and O3 oxidation. Effects of the reaction conditions on the removal rate of color were investigated. Results showed that the color removal rate of vitamin B12 waste water, which was treated by combined micro-electrolysis and physiochemical treatment reached 71.25%, while the color removal rate of the other waste water which treated by O3 oxidation reached 68.80%. The decolorizing treatment of those different natures of vitamin B12 waste water effectively provides a useful reference for this kind of waste water.
Influence of the Dissolution Laws of N, P on the Activated Sludge by Ozone Oxidation
Authors: Wang Rong , Tang Ai Ping
Published: March 2013

The high sludge production has becoming one of the main drawbacks in the conventional activated sludge process. The ozone oxidation is considered as one of the most effective techniques owing to its high efficiency and non-secondary pollution. In this paper, the solubilization rules of nitrogen and phosphorus with directing injection ozone in a static unit were studied, then, the long-term removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in SBR system of directing injection ozone were studied with ozone dosage from 0.01～0.04gO3/gSS. The results of static experiments showed that the nitrate concentration increased quickly from 3.52mg/L to 13.83mg/L, the concentration of organic nitrogen and ammonia increased slightly, whereas, the nitrite concentration decreased gradually at the ozone dosage of 0～0.15gO3/gSS, most of the nitrogen released from the ozonated sludge were escaped from the supernate in the form of nitrogen and ammonia. The result of long-time experiment in SBR system showed that the removal rates of ammonia and total phosphorus was 91.1%, 80.5%, respectively.
Study on Microwave Desorption Azeotropic Distillation of Ethanol-Loaded Activated Carbon under Vacuum Condition
Authors: Feng Quan Li , Wang Xue Qian , Jia Yu , Ning Ping
Published: March 2013

The microwave desorption azeotropic distillation was used to recover ethanol in waste water from ethanol industry under vacuum condition. The flow charts for microwave desorption azeotropic distillation of ethanol-loaded activated carbon under vacuum condition were designed. Activated carbon is used in adsorption of low concentration ethanol in water, and the saturated carbon is regenerated by microwave irradiation under vacuum condition. The results showed that the ethanol-loaded activated carbon can be desorbed nearly completely after 100s; the microwave power has an important effect on the outlet concentration curve of ethanol; the mass defect of the regenerated carbon is lower than 5%. After several processes of activated carbon adsorption and microwave desorption azeotropic distillation under vacuum condition, the concentration of ethanol can come up to 98%.
Study on Purification of Oil-Polluted Sea Water by Rice Hull Adsorbent
Authors: Zhao Mei Yu , Cui Yu Bo , Li Xin , Liu Ying Hui , Li Hong Xin
Published: March 2013

Oil spills and leakage accidents caused by oil exploitation, processing, transportation and use continue to pose environmental threat to global marine ecosystem. It has become an urgent task to prevent the ocean ecosystem from oil pollution and protect the marine resources. This paper introduces the negative effects of marine oil pollution and conventional treatment measures, briefly analyzes the great potential of rice hull adsorbent for purification of oil-polluted sea water and initially explored the adsorption effects of rice hull adsorbent. The experimental results indicated that after static adsorption at different dosage of rice hull adsorbent (0g, 4g, 8g, 12g, 16g, 20g), the oil removal efficiency got 65.3% when treated by rice hull adsorbent carbonized under the temperature of 350°C at dosage of 12g, which is prospective to help in treatment of marine oil residues in the future.
Study on SBR Filled with Humus Soil for Domestic Sewage Treatment
Authors: Zhao Ke , Yin Jun , Zhu Gang , Ye Chang Bing , Chen Wei Bing
Published: March 2013

The treatment efficiency of domestic sewage by the SBR filled with humus soil was investigated and compared with that by the conventional SBR. The results show that the removal rates of organic matters, NH4+-N and TP by the SBR filled with humus soil reach 85%, 83% and 72% respectively. Compared with the conventional SBR, the degradation rate of organic matters is improved, and the addition of humus soil contributes to occurrence of SND, thus the removal rate of NH4+-N is increased. The addition of humus soil shortens the oxidation time of organic matters and the nitrification time of NH4+-N, which can improve the treatment efficiency and reduce the operation cost.
The Experiment Research of BAF in Treatment on Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Zeng Zhang
Published: March 2013

This research has discussed the biofilm formation on the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in BAF. The removal rate of COD and NH3-N and law of the performance on the temperature and height of fillers are studied here. The results show that the BAF can still maintain a higher COD removal rate in the 13°C-25°C, the average removal rate reaches 86.9%. The denitrification is impacted by low temperature that the average removal rate of 74.7%. Experiment shows that, from 0cm to 65cm part, the removal rate of COD reachs 86.3%. The good performance of NH3-N removal rate mainly concentrates in the height of 35cm ~ 95cm.
Treatment of Acidify Waste Fluid in Oilfield by Neutralization/Iron Chipping Micro-Electrolysis/Oxidation/Coagulation Four Process
Authors: Chen Bin , Yan Hong , He Huan Jie
Published: March 2013

The composition of acidizing waste fluid is complicated, its chromaticity is high, the demand of chemical oxygen (CODCr) is high and hard to be degraded by biochemical treatment. That is why it causes serious pollution to the environments. The four process--neutralization/iron chipping micro-electrolysis/oxidation/coagulation were used to treat acidizing waste fluid. A new method of treating acidizing waste fluid with the neutralization/iron chipping micro-electrolysis/oxidation/coagulation was put forward. The optimal conditions of the treatment of single reaction are given. The experimental results showed that if neutralization/iron chipping micro-electrolysis/oxidation/coagulation are used, the removal rate of chromaticity is 100%, the removal rate of CODCr is more than 96%, CODCr could be reduced to less than 150mg/L, and the treated wastewater can come to the second discharge standard allowing to be discharged. The analysis result shows that lixivium from solidified sludge cake of per unit operation comply with the second kind of general industrial sold of state standard for pollution control on the storage and disposal site for general industrial sold,GB18599-2001.
Biodegradation of Fishmeal Wastewater by Bacillus thuringiensis and Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Dong Sheng , Gao Dana Xao , Zhu Ying
Published: March 2013

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and purple nonsulfuer photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) are effective in the degradation of nutrients in fishmeal wastewater (FW) in the present study. The Bt was first cultivated in formulation FW, and then FW treated by Bt was further treated by PSB isolates. The Bt spore count reaches up to 3.15x109cell/ml and its sporulation rate achieves 99% after incubation for 72 h at 28±2°C. Under aerobic with light condition with a PSB inoculum: FW ratio of 1:3, the proliferated PSB cells weighs 13.5 g/ l after being incubated for 72 h at 28±2°C. The treatments of FW with Bt followed by PSB significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand, total protein, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and salinity. Their total removal rates are 91.1%, 78.8%, 89.6%, 76.3% and 21.0%, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen increases by 46.3% .The rapid nutrient removal and cell proliferation may make Bt and PSB applicable in treating FW to reduce environmental pollution and produce valuable bacteria.
Biosorption of Ag(I) from Aqueous Solution by Bacillus licheniformis Strain R08
Authors: Sun Dao Hua , Li Xue Liang , Zhang Gen Lei
Published: March 2013

Biosorption of heavy metals is an effective technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In this paper, Bacillus licheniformis R08 was used as biosorbent for Ag+. The physic-chemical properties of biosorption of silver by Bacillus licheniformis R08 were studied. Experimental parameters, including pH, temperature, biosorption time, initial silver ion concentration and biomass concentration were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the silver biosorption capacity and biosorption efficiency could reach 73.6mg×g-1 and 73.6%, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms of biosorption by R08 were fitted by Langmuir equation and the theoretical maximum biosorption capacity was 136 mg×g-1. FTIR results showed that-CO-NH and -COO- groups of R08 cell were confirmed to be the main active groups that could combine with silver ions.
Simulation of Three PPCPs Existed in Major Pearl River with an ASM Model Including a Separate Degrading Microorganism
Authors: Zhang Bing , Yang Hai Zhen , Gao Zhen Wei
Published: March 2013

Hundreds of different pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are usually detected in urban riverine waters, and have long been attracting attention for their potential toxic effect to river ecosystems and even to human beings. Biodegradation and sorption are known as the main mechanisms to remove PPCPs in activated sludge systems, the characteristics of their removal process in rivers, however, are still less known. We developed an ASM-based process model including aerobic growth and decay of a specific PPCPs-degrading microorganism and try to simulate the transformation and conversion process of three main endocrine-disrupting phenols (nonylphenol, bisphenol-A, triclosan) in Major Pearl River Delta, South China. Firstly we aquired the data of river conditions and substances concentrations, then set up a model by WEST software which contains ASM theories, here the form of river system was simplified. Subsequently conducted parameter calibration and operated the simulating process using steady-state background concentrations. Validation results show that when the river is seen as series of aerobic tanks the removal of PPCPs in the system is similar to that traditional organic matters degrading by activated sludge process, and that the transport fate of PPCPs is sensitive to three model parameters of the hypothesized microorganism: concentration in the system, half saturation coefficient and maximum specific growth rate, and that the main effect of PPCPs removal in river is aerobic growth of organisms and that adsorption can be nearly ignored during the process. The proposed model shows considerable success in capturing important characteristics of the observed PPCPs transformation, thus this method could acquainting the knowledge of PPCPs changes in river aquatic environment by adjusting the model parameters according to practical conditions. Further mechanism analysis should be conducted to optimize the model.
Technology Research for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Municipal Sludge
Authors: Wang He Ming , Shen Liang , Wang He Li
Published: March 2013

Heavy metal pollution is one of the main obstacles of municipal sewage treatment plant sludge for agricultural use. This paper gives an overview of four kinds of commonly used techniques for heavy metals removal in sewage sludge: chemical extraction, bioleaching, electrokinetic technology and solidification - stabilization, also analyzed the future direction of development.
Study on Pharmaceutical Wastewater by SBBR
Authors: Zhu Lei , Liu Song , Wang Xun , Song Hong Jiao
Published: March 2013

A pharmaceutical factory in Wuhan produces many pharmaceutical wastewaters every day. The wastewater raw water quality indexes are: the concentration of COD,BOD5, NH3-N,TP is 300,000mg/L, 200,000mg/L, 450mg/L,900 mg/L ; By the SBBR treatment, the effluent water quality indexes are:750mg/L,350mg/L,1.20mg/L,5mg/L,and the effluent water can accord with Wastewater quality standards for discharge to municipal sewers (CJ 343-2010) and be discharged after treatment in the sewage treatment plant by municipal sewers.
Microbial Perchlorate Reduction in Groundwater with Different Electron Donors
Authors: Wang Rui , Chen Ming , Zhang Jia Wen , Liu Fei , Chen Hong Han
Published: March 2013

Effects of different electron donors (acetate and hydrogen), acetate and perchlorate concentrations on microbial perchlorate reduction in groundwater were studied. The results showed that acetate and hydrogen addition as an electron donor can significantly improve perchlorate removal efficiency while a longer period was observed for hydrogen (15 d) than for acetate (8 d). The optical ratio of electron donor (acetate)-to-electron acceptor (perchlorate) was approximately 1.65 mg COD mg perchlorate-1. The highest specific reduction rate of perchlorate was achieved at the acetate-to-perchlorate ratio of 3.80 mg COD mg perchlorate-1. The perchlorate reduction rates corresponded well to the theoretical values calculated by the Monod equation and the parameters of Ks and Vm were determined to be 15.6 mg L-1 and 0.26 d-1, respectively.
Comparative Research on Oven Drying and Microwave Drying of Municipal Sludge
Authors: Li Jin Ping , Hu Yun Jiao , Hu Zi Jun
Published: March 2013

The paper mainly targets at investigating municipal sludge drying technology which is efficient and economical. Use the oven, the microwave and the combination of both to study on the factors of the drying efficiency. The research found that the thinner sludge is easier to be dried, additionally, combining these two ways, which means to dry the sludge with dry box for a short time and then use the microwave to dry the sludge can greatly improve the drying efficiency. The research conclusions will provide a scientific basis for municipal sludge drying and semi-drying engineering practice, with some guiding significance.
Research on Preparation of Ti(C,N) by the Carbon and Nitrogen Treatment of the Deep Reduced Slag
Authors: Li Liang , Wang Jun , Fan Xing Ping
Published: March 2013

The carbonitriding treatment of deep reduced slag obtained in the smelting process of the non blast furnace with the vanadic titanomagnetite from PanZhiHua were carried out in a high temperature carbolic pipe furnace with nitrogen gas in order to obtain Ti(C,N). The results are found: there are a few of Ti (C, N) presented in the carbonitriding reaction production with theoretical amount of carbon at 1400°C; the content of Ti (C, N) increases with temperature; the carbonitriding reaction tends to finish at 1500°C; the average size of Ti(C,N) particles are 7.8452μm and the maximum is 21μm above 1600°C; the content of N in the Ti (C, N) decrease with temperature below 1400°C and that of N increase and the change of C content is opposite above 1400°C; To increase appropriately carbon amount can promoto the carbonitride reaction which is benefit for the formation and grow of the Ti (C, N); when the amount of carbon beyond the theoretical value, the maximum and average size of grains obtained is smaller. It shows that the bigger Ti(C,N) grains can be obtained and the high temperature is very important for the carbonitride treatment of the deep reduced slag to obtain Ti (C, N).
A Type of Rainwater Ecological Treatment Technology: Rainwater Biofiltration System
Authors: Zhang Xiang Ling , Chen Jun Jie , Hu Liang
Published: March 2013

This paper introduced a kind of rainwater biofiltration processing technology being researched and applied in Australia. It summarized FAWB researchers’ major research and progress on the system configuration, packaging selection, plant selection and purification effect of this technology. And the advantages were presented in removing the suspended matters, heavy metal ions and nutritional pollutants in rainwater biofiltration system, as well as in regarding to the characteristics of effectively stored the rainwater for recycling in system configuration. The paper also put forward suggestions to the technical improvement for our country’s rainwater treatment system and structure design for reference.
Hemicelluloses Separation from APMP Liquid
Authors: Liu Yu Xin , Liu Yan Xue , Sun Bing , Qu Shang Dong , Peng Jin Hui
Published: March 2013

On the premise of biomass comprehensive using concept, the screw section liquid of aspen APMP was treated by alcohol precipitation method to separate and analyze the hemicelluloses. In the traditional alcohol separation system, not only the effect of the temperature, alcohol dosage, pH value and precipitation time on the hemicelluloses separation was researched, but also the methanol system and alcohol-CPAM system were discussed. The results showed that the hemicelluloses yield was relatively ideal when the AMPM liquid was treated by 2.5 times volume of alcohol at pH of 4.0 at 45°C for 30 min. In addition, compared with alcohol system, the methanol dosage was decreased by about 12% in methanol system and the alcohol dosage was also decreased In the alcohol-CPAM system, when the hemicelluloses yield was similar.
The Analysis of Organic Odor Compounds in Process of Food Waste Disposal
Authors: Di Yan Qiang , Liu Jie Min , Liu Jian Guo , Liu Si Yuan , Wu Chuan Dong
Published: March 2013

In processing food wastes, odorous gases are generated, which significantly affect the workers and occupants in the plant. This study applies gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical methods to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of odorous gases in the workshop, in order to find the composition and pollution level of odorous gases emitted from municipal food waste. The research results showed that the common compositions in the food waste gases were dimethylacetamide, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, phenol and limonene, which the tested probability is 100%. Based on the comparison of odor concentration and threshold at four sampling sites, it can be concluded that ethyl thioether, trimethylamine, ethylbenzene and citric acid were major gases that belonged the standard threshold. Both odor intensity and activity of trimethylamine and ethyl thioetherwere highest, which odor intensity were 70.58 and 1.79, as well as odor activity were 2.25 and 1.79, separately. Therefore, the compounds attributed to the odor gases in food waste weretrimethylamine and ethyl thioether.
Evaluation on Characteristics of Heavy Metal Spatial Pollution in Farmland Soils along the Bijiang River
Authors: Zhao Xiao Qing , Yang Hong Hui , Chen Jian
Published: March 2013

Based on the farmland soils along the Bijiang River, a main tributary of the international Lantsang-Mekong River flowing through the Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit, this dissertation makes analyses on the pollution characteristics of spatial variation in farmland soils by adopting the soil sampling and testing analysis and applying single-factor pollution index (SPI) evaluation and Nemerow composite pollution index (NCPI) evaluation. The results indicate that: (1) In accordance with Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (II), the content of Cd contained in the farmland soils has severely exceeded the standard in a large scale, followed by Pb and Zn. However, the content of As is maintained within the specified standard; (2)The SPI values of soils are in the following sequence: Cd＞Zn＞Pb＞As. The pollution level caused by the heavy metal “Cd” to the farmland soils is extremely heavy in a wide range, and a majority of the farmlands are heavily polluted by Zn. The farmlands with moderate pollution by Pb are centered at Plot 2 in the deposit, and only a few farmland soils are moderately polluted by As at Plot 2 in the deposit;(3) Based on the NCPI, the results indicate that the NCPI of the farmland soils has reached to the degree of heavy pollution; (4) It is indicated based on the RPI evaluation that the RPI values of As, Cd, Pb and Zn contained in the farmland soils have exceeded the standard in the following sequence: Pb＞Zn＞Cd＞As, which illustrates that during the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, the heavy metals imposing the most profound influence on the soil pollution are Pb and Zn. The heavy metal pollution in the farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River is not only caused by the development of Jinding Lead-Zinc Deposit in Lanping County, but is also associated with its high soil background value;(5) There is a remarkable spatial variation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils from the upper reaches to the lower reaches of the Bijiang River. Both the SPI and the NCPI values of heavy metals in the soils within the deposit at the upper reaches of the Bijiang River are the lowest; the pollution index of the soils closest to the deposit are the highest, and the pollution index of the soils with a certain distance from the deposit drops swiftly; the pollution index of Plot 4 rises to a certain degree at the middle reaches, and gradually ascends near the Yunlong County seat at Plot 5, however, with a comparatively small growth rates.
Effect of a Freshwater Bacterium on Four Microcystis under Eutrophic Conditions
Authors: Zou Wan Sheng , Luo Yu Shuang , Liu Liang Guo , Wang Wen Bin , Yang Pin Hong
Published: March 2013

The effect of a freshwater bacterium Exiguobacterium sp.013 was examined on the cultures of four freshwater Microcystis which can cause cyanobacterial blooms. Four freshwater Microcystis cells and the bacterium were inoculated simultaneously, in modified BG-11 culture media, and cultured for 24 days continuously. The specific growth rate and cell densities were employed and determined in treated cultures and in controls.Additionally, dynamic changes of bacterium were investigated during the whole cultures. The results showed that the specific growth rate and maximal cell density of M. aeruginosa, M. flos-aquae and M. wesenbergii in treated cultures were significantly enhanced than that of control cultures, and daily cell densities of four Microcystis in the treated cultures were also significantly higher compared with that of control cultures. The added bacterial strain always kept dominance among the bacterial flora during the culture period. These findings implied that bacteria Exiguobacterium sp. might play a positive promoting role in forming Microcystis blooms under the eutrophication condition.