bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSTRUCTION FIGURES WITH STYLISTIC VALUE IN THE ELECTORAL DISCOURSE
Authors:   Technological Lyceum ", Enacache Ovidiu Adrian ,   Plopenii Mari",   , Romania
Published: June 2021

A politician who candidates in an election process uses rhetorical figures to persuade as many people as possible that he/she is the best for that position. Construction figures are important because they give extra- meaning to the speeches. Four types of construction figures were analyzed in this article: repetition, antithesis, gradation and anacoluthia. All of these figures were exemplified in the speeches held by the candidates in the 2009 presidential elections in Romania.
SYSTEM, INTEGRALIZATION AND LEARNING HOW TO RELATE
Authors:   Institute of Educational Sciences, Republic of Moldova, Callo Tatiana
Published: June 2021

Within the contemporary educational systems, a transition is carried out from the monodisciplinary model, as a generator of a segmented learning on distinct, disjoint compartments, to the integrated type models. The integrated approach to learning proposes bringing the school closer to real life, it refers to a certain way of treating, organizing and planning learning that produces an interrelation of study disciplines, meeting the developmental students’ needs. In this way, we turn our attention to the relationship analysis that the student is to understand, operating between system and integralization, as immanent and transcendent levels. We argue that the evolution of the system-integration relationship within a learning process necessarily implies the axiological specificity of the entities that compose it. In the approach we propose, the integralization is subsequent to the system, in most contexts in which this process takes place. We can therefore assert that the theoretical view we are trying to argue consists, in fact, in the attempt to present dialectic of integration starting from that of the system, so that we can answer the question what is important in establishing integrity: elements or relationships. Thus, the system is reinstated and, along with it, the relationship learning returns to the quality of ontological entity, which receives the reality from a broader point of view.
PHENOMENON OF ION DRAGOI – EXPONENTIAL FOR THE ROMANIAN FOLKLORE FROM THE BACAU AREA
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Grib Vitalie
Published: June 2021

Instrumental musical folklore, especially playing and listening songs, was and remains in the repertoire of professional musicians, fiddlers. Among them, the fiddlers-violinists have a special role in the preservation, promotion and development of popular instrumental music. We refer to those who are faithful to local traditions both in terms of interpretive style and repertoire. A virtuoso of the bow is the great Moldavian fiddler from the Bacau area Ion Dragoi. He left us a rich legacy of songs, which became models of inspiration, but also samples for the training of young violinists. The analysis of Ion Dragoi’s interpretive manner will allow us to achieve a further systematization of the particularities of violin performance specific to the folk space of historical Moldova.
ECHOES OF D. SCHOSTAKOVICH’S COMPOSITIONAL STYLE IN BORIS DUBOSARSCHI’S STRING QUARTET NO.2
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Ureche Alexandru
Published: June 2021

The String Quartet nr. 2 by the foremost Moldovan composer Boris Dubosarschi (1947–2017), as well as his entire string quartet work, was composed under the decisive influence of the work of Dmitri Schostakovich (1906–1975). The string quartet work of B. Dubosarschi, comprized of four titles, is saturated with the usage of the Dmitri Schostakovich’s musical signature – DSCH, which often serves as the thematic core of the entire cycle. The reflection of the compositional style of D. Schostakovich in the string quartet work of B. Dubosarschi, nevertheless, is not confined to the usage of the DSCH monogram, but rather encompasses a broad range of compositional techniques characteristic of the Russian composer’s work such as the use of specific modes and tonal-modal relations, of the characteristic intervals and chords, the usage of leitmotifs and monothematic principles, as well as of the full spectrum of polyphonic techniques. This article describes the compositional tehniques used in the String Quartet nr. 2 by Boris Dubosarschi that echo the compositional style of D. Schostakovich.
MODIFIED SINGLE ROLL FLAP APPROACH FOR SIMULTANEOUS IMPLANT PLACEMENT AND RECESSION COVERAGE
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria., Kotsilkov Kamen
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: This presentation demonstrates the application of the recently described modified single roll flap approach in a combined approach with the coronally advanced flap for simultaneous root coverage and implant placement with augmentation of an alveolar ridge defect. MATERIAL/METHODS: A 45 years old patient presented with complaints of teeth hypersensitivity and gum recessions as a result of an extraction of a fractured tooth.The clinical examination revealed an edentulous area in the lower right mandible, position #46, presenting a III class Siebert alveolar ridge defect, with a predominant horizontal volume insufficiency.Root exposures with caries lesions were observed on the neighboring teeth - #44, #45, #47. Usually, such a combined soft tissue and bone defects require multiple surgeries to achieve complete tissue augmentation. In this case, a new combined approach was performed, using the recently described by the author modified single roll flap and the protocol of the lateral approach of the coronally advanced flap for the lower jaw. RESULT: A complete root coverage, both bucally and approximaly, was present on the 4th month after surgery. In the edentulous area, a sufficient volume augmentation was observed with a presence of an adequate height and thickness of the peri-implant mucosa to achieve a good long term success of the implant born crown. CONCLUSION: The presented case proved the benefits of the newly described modified roll flap and the possibility this approach to be implemented in different surgical techniques, thus enlarging the indications of its application.
MODIFIED CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP APPROACH WITH ISTHMUS DEEPITHELIALIZATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE RECESSION DEFECTS IN CASES WITH INTERDENTAL TISSUE LOSS
Authors:   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University Sofia, Bulgaria., Kotsilkov Kamen
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE: This presentation demonstrates a modified surgical approach for multiple gingival recessions in sites with interdental papillae loss and a newly developed method for prediction of the possible root coverage MATERIAL/METHODS: A 41 years old patient with a diagnosis of Periodontitis II Stage, Grade A. The main complaint was the hypersensitivity, which has even increased after the initial periodontal therapy and his chief request was to cover the exposed root surfaces. In order to achieve a harmonic gingival display and good esthetics, root coverage on all teeth from 13 to 25 was required. The surgical planning revealed a decreased height of interdental papillae. The analysis of the maximum achievable root coverage demonstrated that the intended line of coverage could not be reached with the available root coverage procedures. A new surgical technique, together with a new measuring protocol for accurate prediction of the achievable level of root coverage were developed. RESULT: One year after treatment, a consistent root coverage was observed with an established proper gingival profile The achieved line of the gingival margin completely coincided with the presurgical planning. The patient was fully satisfied with the esthetic result and the reduction of the hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION: In the limitation of the presented case, the developed new method for prediction of the root coverage and modified surgical approach for cases with interdental papillae loss and preserved isthmus provided a predictable increase of the achievable root coverage. Further research is required to study the efficiency of this newly developed surgical approach.
Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management Policy Implementation in Developing Countries: Insights from Botswana
Authors: Mmereki Daniel , Velempini Kgosietsile , Mosime-Serero Larona
Published: June 2021

Since independence, Botswana has promulgated environmental policies and legislation to protect the environment and reduce public health impacts. While the Botswana Waste Management Strategy and Waste Management Act were introduced in 1998, municipal solid waste management (MSWM) still
remains a major challenge in Botswana. Thus, to understand the status of implementation of municipal solid waste management policy, the study employed a qualitative approach for data collection using a narrative review of literature, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions.
The study aimed at highlighting the policy gaps with respect to municipal solid waste management, point out the challenges and provide alternative solutions. The results suggest numerous inadequacies in the implementation of policy related to municipal solid waste management including lack
of approaches to policy support, weak institutional influences and lack financial support. The application of a sustainable and integrated waste management system is also limited. This study offers important information that could be helpful to decision-makers and policymakers in the sector
to improve the efficiency of the municipal solid waste management system.
ANALISIS FAKTOR DETERMINAN KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PERAWATAN LUKA SESUAI STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR (SOP) DI RS STELLA MARIS MAKASSAR
Authors: Abdu Siprianus , Sampe Anita
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah dianalisisnya faktor determinan yang paling berhubungan dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan observasional analitik. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional study. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RS Stella Maris Makassar pada bulan Februari 2018. Sampel penelitian ini adalah perawat pelaksana yang berjumlah 57 orang, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel probability sampling pendekatan proportionate stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Pendekatan etika penelitian seperti informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, benefit, justice. Data diolah dengan proses editing, coding, entry, tabulatting, cleaning, dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Secara bivariat hasil penelitian adalah ada hubungan usia, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP dan tidak ada hubungan jenis kelamin dan sikap dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP. Secara multivariat variabel bebas yang paling dominan menjadi prediktor terhadap kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP adalah pengetahuan, dengan nilai OR=4, yang bermakna bahwa perawat yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik mempunyai kecenderungan 4 kali lebih besar untuk patuh dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP. Probabilitas kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan perawatan luka sesuai SOP karena ketiga variabel yakni pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan dan usia sebesar 98,2%.
İLKÖĞRETİM 5-8. SINIFTA OKUYAN ÇOCUK ve ERGENLERDE ŞİŞMANLIK SIKLIĞI ve VÜCUT KOMPOZİSYONUNUN SAPTANMASI
Authors: KÜÇÜK BİÇER Burcu , BAGCİ BOSİ Tulay
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Okul döneminde beslenme alışkanlıkları değişen öğrencilerin fizik aktivite ve şişmanlık sıklıklarını ve bu durumlarının vücut kompozisyonlarındaki değişime etkisini görmek, spor yapan çocukların bazı vücut bileşeni değerleri ve obezite sıklıkları belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 11,54±2,08 olan 267 öğrenci katılmıştır. Yüz-yüze anket uygulaması sonrası öğrencilerin vücut analizi vücut kompozisyon analizörü (TANİTA) ile yapılarak anket ile eşleştirilmiştir. TANITA BF-556 Body Fat Monitor ile ağırlık ölçümü, Beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) ve vücut bileşimi ölçümleri alınmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların %47.6’sı kız öğrenci, %72.2’si kantinden alışveriş yapmakta ve %42.4’ü her gün spor yapmaktadır. Öğrencilerin %20.6’sı şişman ve %19.1’inin obez olduğu saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerin vücut yağ yüzdesi ortalaması 25.31±5.5, erkek öğrencilerin ise 22.89±12.6 (p=0.008) iken erkek ve kız öğrencilerde yağ kitlesi ortalamaları arasında fark saptanmamıştır (p=0.125).

Sonuç: Araştırmamızda çocuklarda fazla ağırlıklı ve obez bireylerin sayısının ülkemizdeki çalışmalara benzer şekilde yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aile hekimlerinin düzenli aralıklarla okullarda izlem yaparak riskli çocuk ve adolesanları saptayarak aile bildirimi yapması önemlidir.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF IRISIN ON METABOLIC DISORDERS
Authors: BERBEROĞLU Hatice , HACIŞEVKİ Aysun
Published: June 2021

Obesity and obesity-related diseases including insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) pose a great risk for cardiovascular diseases development. Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ has pivotal role on secreting physiological factors such as hormones and myokines. Irisin that is one of these miyokines also known as hormone is secreted mainly from muscle tissue in response to exercise. It is dependent to fibronectin type III-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) that is a membran protein and encoded by FNDC5 gene. After discovering of FNDC5 by Boström et al., irisin’ metabolic effects have been investigated so far. Irisin has mainly effects on muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, liver, nervous system and bone. In studies conducted to date, obtained findings regarding the relationship of irisin status with obesity, insulin resistance and MetS are contradictory. Although it was determined that irisin concentration is higher in individuals with metabolic disorders before mentioned in some studies, is lower irisin concentration were observed in some other studies. Additionally, the irisin molecule has no a receptor yet discovered. Therefore it is thought that the discovery of irisin molecule receptors and the determining of the tissues where these receptors are present will be useful in understanding the mechanism of action of the irisin. In this review, we aimed to investigate potential health effects of irisin on obesity, insulin resistance and MetS additionally examine underlying mechanisms of the association between circulating irisin and metabolic disorders.
Digital and Conventional Film-Based Non-Metric Cameras: A Comparison of Performance in Structural Deformation Surveys
Authors: Alsalman Abdullah S.
Published: June 2021

This research work presents the results of an experiment concerned with a comparison of the performance of non-metric digital and non-metric film -based cameras for structural deformation surveys. An Olympus OM 10 non-metric camera and a Fujix DS-100 still image digital camera were used to measure the amount of deformation of a model of a light-weight building when under load. For the sake of consistency, the same photogrammetric network design, control configuration and self -calibrating bundle adjustment were used for data evaluation. The results of the research show that digital non-metric cameras are viable ,and possibly accurate , tools for structural deformation studies .Taking into account the obvious advantages of ease of operation , relatively low cost and computer –amenability , the author appeals to surveyors and civil engineers to consider digital cameras in their respective deformation survey studies and practices.
Design and Construction of the Detection Unit in Laser Tracking System
Authors: Awadelgied A.M. , Hajim K.I. , Al-Naime K.A.
Published: June 2021

We present the design and construction evidence of a laser tracking system. This system is consists of an optical part representing by two reflective elements, optoelectronic part( quadrant photodiode detector), and mechanical part The dimensions of these parts as well as the focal length and the radius of tracking region, is achieved.
Dynamic Response of Railway Bogie Due to Change in Vertical Primary Suspension Stiffness Parameters
Authors: H. Ali Abood Karim , Khan R. A.
Published: June 2021

A mathematical model of a railway carriage moving on tangent tracks is constructed by deriving the equations of motion concerning the model in which single-point and two-point wheel-rail contact is considered. The presented railway carriage model comprises of carbody and front and rear simple conventional bogie with two leading and trailing wheelets attached to each bogie. The railway carriage is modeled by 31 degrees of freedom which govern vertical displacement, lateral displacement, roll angle and yaw angle dynamic response of wheelset whereas vertical displacement, lateral displacement, roll angle, pitch angle and yaw angle dynamic response of carbody and each of the two bogies. Linear stiffness and damping parameters of longitudinal, lateral and vertical primary and secondary suspensions are provided to the railway carriage model. Combination of linear Kalker's theory and nonlinear Heuristic model is adopted to calculate the creep forces in which introduced at wheel and rail contact patch area. Computer aided-simulation is constructed to solve the governing differential equations of the mathematical model using Runge-Kutta fourth order method. Principle of limit cycle and phase plane approach is applied to realize the stability and to evaluate the concerning critical hunting velocity at which railway carriage starts to hunt. Numerical simulation model is used to study the dynamic responses of a railway carriage bogie subjected to specific parameters of wheel conicity and primary suspension characteristics. A comparison to study the sensitivity of railway carriage bogie to dynamic responses is also presented at different vertical primary suspension stiffness parameters.
Derivation of a New Equation to Obtain the Permeability Coefficient of Clayey Soils
Authors: Al-Hadidy Maysm Th.
Published: June 2021

The main objective of this research is to find the coefficient of permeability (k) of the soil and especially clayey soil by finding the degree of consolidation (rate of consolidation). New modify procedure is proposed by using the odometer (consolidation) device. The ordinary conventional permeability test usually takes a long time by preparing and by testing and this could cause some problems especially if there is a need to do a large number of this test and there were a limited number of technicians and/or apparatus. From this point of view the importance of this research is clear, since the modified procedure will require a time of 25 minute only.
Derivation made to produce an equation which could be used to fined the permeability if the proposed procedure fallowed to find the permeability of soils and this done by specification the degree of consolidation at any loading stage.
The results of permeability found by the proposed procedure and by ordinary test (directly by falling head method, and indirectly by accelerated consolidation method using the oedometer device). After that these results were found by proposed procedure compared with that results which found by ordinary test. it has been found that this equation give a very good results with (95.83) % accuracy and degree of correlation of (0.9988) comparing with ordinary methods and beside that it takes a very short time.
Design and Implementation of Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Using He-Ne Laser
Authors: Awadelgied A. M. , A. Al- Muslet Nafie , Abuuznien M. H. , Elghorashi & S. O.
Published: June 2021

One of the difficult duties in chemical industrial units is the determination of the level of liquid for real – time monitoring. Determination of this parameter is useful in process control loop. Hence present study is devoted for this purpose by employing microbend based optical fiber sensor.
In this work, in order to continuously monitor liquid level in petroleum and chemical industries, an optical fiber sensor based on microbend effect was designed and implemented. The system is consist of a sensor that is composed of a microbend modulator, sensing fiber, emitting / detecting devices, in addition to liquid container unit, and an electronic circuit that was used to control the liquid level. The results showed that the laser technique is both accurate and immediate.
Analysis of Blast Resistant Structure (TNT Storage Case Study)
Authors: EL. Mukhtar Majdi , A. Haroun Abdelmonim
Published: June 2021

The explosions produce extreme and unique loading on structures and can cause widespread damage to the building’s structural elements. Design of blast resistant structures provides structural integrity and acceptable levels of safety for buildings. The previous studies show that some structural systems could provide substantial increase in protection against blasts. This paper discussed the behavior of TNT loaded storage (a framed reinforced concrete (. the results of calculated pressure Using Reference (UFC)-3-340-02 [1] Equation and investigated that the average peak reflected pressure close to 5000 Psi. CSI-ETABS Software 3D model shows that the structural system of case study unsafe under 0.5 tons of TNT internal weight charge.
Modeling Deflection in Reinforced Concrete One-way Slabs using Eurocode2 Model
Authors: Ibrahim Nehal , A. Kabosh Mohammed , O. Abdelatif Amged
Published: June 2021

This paper examines the validity of Euro code (EC2) method for modeling deflection in reinforced concrete one-way slabs. A numerical model which incorporates nonlinear effect due to cracking has been developed. A MATLAB program has been developed to implement the model. The performance of the model has been validated against experimental results in literature. The results show that the model is capable of predicting the deflection of simply supported reinforced concrete one- way slabs. A parametric study has then been carried out to quantify the influence of relevant parameters on slabs deflection. It has been found that most significant factor affecting deflection is the slab thickness.
Numerical Modeling of Concrete Spallation at Medium Strain-rate
Authors: Babiker Ammar , Häussler-Combe Ulrich , Dean Aamir , E. M. Ahmmed Salih , Mahdi Elsadig
Published: June 2021

Dynamic tensile strength of brittle materials such as concrete is usually obtained by performing laboratory investigations such as direct tensile, Brazilian splitting, and spall tests. This research presents a study aimed to investigate numerically the dynamic behavior of concrete exposed to tensile loading at medium strain-rate. The dynamic tensile behavior of concrete is investigated using the Modified Split Hopkinson Bar (MSHB) at strain-rate ranges from 33 to 80 s-1. The commercial finite element explicit code LS-DYNA is used to perform the numerical simulations of the MSHB tests. Karagozian & Case Concrete Model (K&C) is adopted to define the mechanical properties of the investigated specimens. The employed K&C material model is verified by using the experimental results obtained in [1]. The validation of the K&C material model is carried out with the comparison of the computed and experimental pull-back velocities of the specimens free end. The results of the analysis are used to enhance the understanding of strain-rate sensitivity of the concrete tensile strength.
Effects of Limestone Powder on Self-compacting Concrete Properties
Authors: Hummaida Ahmed Yousif , Salah Eldin Babikir Khalid
Published: June 2021

Powder type of self-compacting concrete (SCC) needs high cement content to achieve self-compactibility, this will be undesirable in tropical climate of Sudan due to implication of high hydration heat. This paper investigates reducing cement content up to 340 Kg/m3 by blending limestone powder (LSP) up to 15 % as replacement of cement weight. Therefore, fifteen mixes having maximum powder content (P) of 400 Kg/m3 have been carried out with four water/powder ratios (W/P) (0.35, 0.4, 0.43 and 0.45). Fresh properties and compressive strength of SCC were measured. Results show most of the mixes have achieved self-compactibility in the fresh stages. However, the compressive strength of the mixes has been reduced with increased level of LSP replacing cement. This reduction in strength is caused by dilution effect of adds LSP.
Empoderamiento de las mujeres de la maquila
Authors: García Débora
Published: June 2021

Los estudios de género de las universidades contribuyen a una sensibilización de conciencias sobre las condiciones de las mujeres, a partir de los esquemas binarios de relaciones en la cultura y el desarrollo social. Este despertar de conciencia es signo de los procesos de emancipación y de impulsos curriculares que coadyuvan a potenciar los saberes generados por agentes de producción cultural y desde otras lógicas no binarias, entre los cuales se encuentran las mujeres. En la experiencia de la Universidad Politécnica de Nicaragua, se cuenta con varias iniciativas de formación con ejes focalizados, uno de estos en el empoderamiento de las mujeres trabajadoras a través del Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Jurídicos y Políticos, ICEJP-UPOLI.
La mediación penal en Nicaragua
Authors: Sequeira Byron
Published: June 2021

La mediación penal nicaragüense, es una propuesta a la sociedad para resolver por sí misma, los conflictos que constituyen una conducta penal, en las que el ofendido y el ofensor se encuentran cara a cara, intervenidas por un tercero que les permitirá expresar sus emociones, opiniones y versiones de los motivos que los reúne, buscando ambas partes un común acuerdo para reparar el daño infringido. Su fin es altamente educativo e impulsor de la justicia restaurativa; y se manifiesta en Nicaragua por medio del principio de oportunidad. Es un proceso altamente democrático y discutido internacionalmente por la doctrina. Dejando aún vigente el debate sobre su utilidad jurídica como acceso a la justicia o como un medio de alejarse de la misma. Sea como fuese, con la mediación penal se transforman los principios rígidos del proceso penal tradicional nicaragüenses basados en el principio de legalidad penal y deja a las partes la responsabilidad de asumir por si solas los mecanismos de resolución del conflicto.
¿Cómo enseñar ciencias? Principales tendencias y propuestas
Authors: Campanario Juan Miguel , Moya Aida
Published: June 2021

In this article we review the main current tendencies and approaches for teaching science. We analyze each one of these proposals and evaluate their main advantages and shortcomings.
Concepciones de los alumnos sobre el enlace químico antes, durante y después de la enseñanza formal. Problemas de aprendizaje
Authors: Posada José María de
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the BUP and COU students’ ideas (15-18 years old) about the continuity/discontinuity, atomic/ molecular conception, nature of the intramolecular and intermolecular bonds, as the notions of lattice and ion. The results show that the students’ idea of continuity in gases declines when the students’ academic level increase. The school succeeds in transmitting a molecular view of some substances. Nevertheless, students do not grasp the nature of the covalent bond. The molecular structure is more utilized than the lattice in the academic levels analyzed. The concept of ion and ionic lattice are not easily learned by the students. In this paper we point out some reasons that could explain these facts. Then we comment on some didactic implications that could help to overcome these obstacles.
Un estudio acerca de las diferencias de género en la resolución de problemas científicos
Authors: Postigo Yolanda , Pérez Echeverría María del Puy , Sanz Ángeles
Published: June 2021

This paper analyses the possible differences between Spanish secondary-school students (girls and boys) in solving mathematical and chemical tasks including relevant concepts and procedures from the curriculum in both areas. We study the effects of different variables on performances such as age and instruction level of subjects and the content and type of task. We also examine the relationship between the performance of boys and girls in chemical and mathematical tasks and their cognitive (Field Dependence/Independence) and attributional styles. We present the tasks to four groups: 13 and 15 year old adolescents, 17 year old adolescents without chemical training and 17 year old adolescents with chemical training. Within each group, half of the subjects were boys and half were girls. The results show differences in performance between boys and girls in solving mathematical and chemical tasks. In general, male performance is higher than female performance. However, these differences are not uniform: they change with age and type of instruction and with the content ant type of task. On the other hand, the data show no differences between boys and girls and cognitive style (Field Dependence/Independence). Likewise, the results reveal sex differences in attributional styles, although they are not correlated with the performance.
Los niveles de van Hiele y la taxonomía SOLO : un análisis comparado, una integración necesaria
Authors: Huerta Palau M. Pedro
Published: June 2021

In this paper we present a compared analysis of related aspects on van Hiele’s theory and solo Taxonomy. We analyze the possibility of identifying learning cycles into van Hiele’s levels of reasoning. To that, we describe the assessment instrument, the approach we use to assign levels of reasoning and answer solo levels and the compared analysis with both assignments.The results show us how it is possible to identify learning cycles in some van Hiele levels and the utility of the assessment instrument to assess both levels of reasoning and answer solo levels.
El diálogo, un género literario olvidado en la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Martínez Torres E.
Published: June 2021

The use of dialogue in the teaching of Science is proposed in this paper. This literary form is an organised exposition of contrasting intellectual attitudes that has long been used as a vehicle for the expression of ideas in Philosophy, Science, Art, etc. However, in spite of the advantages that the dialogue offers, it has been forgotten in the teaching of Science.
Condiciones para un aprendizaje de calidad en la enseñanza de las ciencias. Reflexiones a partir del proyecto PEEL
Authors: White Richard T.
Published: June 2021

In this summary of the topics presented in the closing lecture of the Congress, some of the key-ideas which from our view characterize the science quality learning are reviewed. These ideas have been developed in the framework of the PEEL, an investigation-action project in which teachers and researchers have collaborated.
Algunas reflexiones sobre las concepciones alternativas y el cambio conceptual
Authors: Oliva Martínez José Mª
Published: June 2021

In this paper some recent contributions to the research of students conceptions in science are reviewed. The study analyses four principles that sustain a large part of the contributions emerged during the last years in this field:a) implicit structure, b) coexistence of ideas, c) limited homogeneity, and d) probability. Likewise, an analysis of possible processes that operate during the conceptual change is performed, by discussing on the effectiveness of the substitution of ideas and the conceptual conflict in order to achieve the conceptual change. On the base of these contributions, some implications for teaching and research in science education are pointed out.
Las partículas de la materia y su utilización en el campo conceptual de calor y temperatura: un estudio transversal
Authors: Domínguez Castiñeiras José Manuel , Pro Bueno Antonio de , García-Rodeja Fernández Eugenio
Published: June 2021

A cross-age study (13-22) in students’ ideas about a microscopic model of the matter and its uses by means of concept maps is presented. Data of alternative ideas about heat and temperature concepts are examinated. The results show the resistance to changing these alternative ideas.
Del área a la integral: un estudio en el contexto educativo
Authors: Turégano Moratalla P.
Published: June 2021

We present in this paper the development and results of some research into the concepts of definite integral which manifest themselves in students when this concept is introduced to them through its geometric definition and independently of the derivative.
La alfabetización científica de personas adultas: un enfoque comunicativo
Authors: Martínez Salvá F. A. , Latorre A.
Published: June 2021

The article departs from the premise that the scientific literacy of adults implies a background allowing them to participate in the communicative mode (Habermas, 1987) to take a decision on the scientific/techno logical advances that affect us. Starting from this definition we find that the mere conceptual learning does not ensure the improvement of this attitude for participation. It could even produce the contrary effect. When the instructive design contemplates these attitudes, the result improves, although other effects and deficiencies can appear: degree of generalization and anxiety in front of participation. Our proposal is that these aspects are also kept in mind in adult scientific education.
Una sesión innovadora de trabajo de laboratorio para enseñar proceso de datos. Segundo curso de estudios de física a nivel universitario
Authors: Fondère F. , Séré M.G.
Published: June 2021

An innovative reflection about measurement is proposed through Franck and Hertz experiment for second year University students. We present a sequence of laboratory work during which the students have the opportunity of deepening notions like dispersion, error and uncertainty, accuracy and precision, and some concepts of statistics. We describe how students are led to develop personal comments on their own results.
Una estrategia de cambio conceptual en la enseñanza de la física: la resolución de problemas como actividad de investigación
Authors: Varela Nieto María Paloma , Martínez Aznar M. Mercedes
Published: June 2021

We present in this paper the main results of a research aimed at the study of a learning/tcaching process directed to familiarise the students with a researching methodology of open problem solving centered in the Physics field. We have studied how this process favours in the students a conceptual change, incardinated in the learning constructivist theory and whether this change lasts with time and is joined by a positive attitude towards the scientific learning.
Comprensión de conceptos físicos mediante exhibiciones interactivas: un estudio comparativo
Authors: Sebastià José M.
Published: June 2021

In this work we tried to find relationships between the variables of gender, age, aptitude, previous attitude and learning of a sample of 126 students between the ages of 14 and 16 in a visit to the Museo de los Ninos, Caracas, Venezuela. We also carried out a comparative study between learning at the Museum and learning in a traditional classroom lecture, for two different groups. An Analysis of Variance showed a significant relation between previous attitude and age (inverse) and student learning. No significant differences were found between genders in the post test. Results show that the visit to the Museum was found to be more effective on learning than the classroom lecture. However, no differences were found between groups subjected to opposite order of treatment (Museum-Classroom lecture) through a counter-balance design approach.
La investigación activa como herramienta para mejorar la enseñanza de la química: nuevos enfoques
Authors: Jong O. de
Published: June 2021

In many European countries, chemistry education faces a number of important recurrent difficulties. For example, at the secondary school level, students’ interest in chemistry is decreasing and teachers complain that repeated explanation and demonstration are not very effective, which frustrates them. At university level, lecture courses and laboratory courses are often disconnected and many student experiments are considered as boring «cookbook» problems. These and other recurrent difficulties have evoked the need to improve the quality of chemistry education at both levels.In this article, the contribution of educational research to an improvement of chemistry education is discussed. This research is considered as a tool for analysing teaching and learning problems, for elucidating backgrounds of these difficulties and for developing and evaluating new approaches in chemistry education.Special attention is focused on two promising new research approaches. First, a new research instrument is presented: protocols of discussions during real classroom and laboratory sessions. Second, a new research design is presented: the developmental research approach. Both research approaches can contribute to the improvement of chemistry classroom/Iaboratory practices and chemistry teacher training.
¿Son los alumnos capaces de atribuir a los microorganismos algunas transformaciones de los alimentos?
Authors: Díaz González R. , López Rodríguez Ramón , García Losada A. , Abuín Figueiras G. , Nogueira Abuín E. , García Gandoy J. A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we investigate if primary school students are able to relate microorganisms with food transformations. The subjects of this study were 343 4th, and 7th. grade children from Lugo (Spain) and the instrument used consisted of four multiple choice questions. The results shed light on the difficulties students have at these levels when they try to apply their ideas to interpret biological phenomena. Finally, we discuss some implications for Science teaching and learning.
El desarrollo sostenible y el futuro de la enseñanza de las ciencias
Authors: Sáez Mª J. , Riquarts K.
Published: June 2021

Although the idea of sustainable development came up in the first reports of the Club of Rome some twenty years ago, it was not taken into account by educationalists until the late eighties. The paper discusses two issues that have emerged from that of sustainable development: a) the operative consequences of this concept for citizens; b) the consequences for the educational system and curriculum. The consequences are discussed at three levels: a) the curriculum, where not only the scientific and technological innovations may be examined on environmental terms, but also the idea about economic development and growth (they are not always together on historical terms), b) on hands teacher training promoting evaluation linked to on the scene teacher training as an important skill; c) innovative learning where anticipating global situations and participating locally is based on situated learning.
Modos espontáneos de razonar: un análisis de su incidencia sobre el aprendizaje del conocimiento físico a nivel universitario básico
Authors: Colombo de C L. , Cudmani Leonor C.
Published: June 2021

The acquisition of knowledge in different domains may share certain general ways of reasoning; but besides this, each specific domain may require specific ways of reasoning.In this paper we identify and we characterize four manifestations of spontaneous ways of reasoning, and we analize up to what extent they act as obstacles fora meaningful learning of scientific knowledge about simple electric circuits. Finally, we suggest some general ways in which our results may be taken into account into order to improve basic physics teaching at the universities.
Una investigación sobre los esquemas conceptuales del continuo. Ensayo de un cuestionario
Authors: Romero C.
Published: June 2021

In order to survey how students conceive the idea of continuum as they begin their training on Calculus, we have established a questionnaire and an analytical approach to responses, fully rooted in networks. The theoretical framework is based on the Dreyfus and Vinner idea of «concept image», where we attune the expression «perception of a property». We have tested the questionnaire on 74 students in the range of 16-17 years old, acquiring valuable information in return about their perception on non-discrete ordering. On the other hand, we have established a draft ordered system for models} of geometric continuum, verifying the fact that, for non-integers, the way they are written comes out to be the most representative property of the various sets of numbers. At the end, we put forth an open question about the coherence of the concept images of people with different degrees of expertise.
Escribir para aprender: ensayo de una alternativa en la enseñanza universitaria de las ciencias
Authors: Muñoz-Chápuli R.
Published: June 2021

Many professors of scientific disciplines are unsatisfied by a teaching strategy which consists mainly of formal lectures and laboratory exercises. We describe in this paper the implementation of a possible alternative based on the principles of the educational approach termed «Writing to Learn». This is a preliminary essay applied to a full -year course on "Chordates" in the Biological Sciences Degree from the University of Málaga. The students employ a «journal notebook)) in which they record various writing exercises and an ongoing written dialogue about the course material. The objective is using writing as a tool to help students master a subject matter, developing analysis and synthesis skills as well as making students more active participants in the learning process.
Tipología de los errores en el cálculo mental. Un estudio en el contexto educativo
Authors: Gómez Alfonso B.
Published: June 2021

The present paper deals with a typology of errors and difficulty of Spanish students in a Teacher Training College when they apply historical mental computation methods (methods taken from the written tradition found in arithmetic textbooks) to solve problems with natural numbers and with decimal numbers.
Un modelo de prueba escrita que revela capacidades relacionadas con el proceso de aprendizaje
Authors: Nigro R.G.
Published: June 2021

Despite the criticisms made by several teachers, the taxonomy originally proposed by Bloom et al and some of its most recent versions, remain largely used in the making of written tests. By employing the concept of «Capability», types of questions for written tests are compared and distinguished with respect to the capabilities required to solve them. This distinction has proved useful for chosing questions that allow a probing of particular capabilities developed during the learning process. Further, in contrast to the use of Bloom's taxonomy, the choice of questions for written tests according to the criteria presented here has shown to be coherent with the recent idea of teaching science as an investigative process.
Más allá del conocimiento: los desafíos epistemológicos y sociales de la enseñanza mediante el cambio conceptual
Authors: Duschl R. A.
Published: June 2021

The focus of this paper is on the generic assessment practices teachers need to adopt in order tó support the shift in perspective about classroom management. This research show that actions, practices, products and discourse patterns of the classroom can provide the necessary assessment information in the episternic, cognitive, and social domains teachers need to facilitate science learning.
Motivación hacia la química
Authors: Morán J. A. de , Bullaude M. R. G. de , Zamora M. M. K. de
Published: June 2021

The attitude towards a discipline is decisively important for learning, especially for difficult subjects, such as Chemistry. In this paper we have intented to evaluate, into two groups of universitary students, the attitude towards Chemistry, the determinant factors, and the relationship between the attitude and the rank of knowledge of basic chemistry. Taking the results as a basis we propose methodologies to improve the development of favourable attitude towards Chemistry.
Hacia un enfoque más crítico del trabajo de laboratorio
Authors: Hodson D.
Published: June 2021

The tradition which has assumed since the past century the central role of practical work in science education, is argued in this paper. The author reviews the assumptions that justify the educational benefits of practica' work, and he does a critical scrutiny of its use and misuse in science education.
Il problema della comunicazione linguistica a scuola: il linguaggio scientifico e chimico in particolare
Authors: Borsese A.
Published: June 2021

In this work first of all we notice the importance of linguistic communication at school and we underline the fact that every teacher, regardless of his discipline, has the problem of making himself understood. Then, for what concernes scientific language, we give some methodological directions. Finally we give prominence to chemical language and to the role that this language could have in teaching.
Diez años de la revista "Enseñanza de las Ciencias": de una ilusión a una realidad
Authors: Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

This paper is essentially the sequence of overhead transparencies used in the opening speech of the IV International Congress on Research in the Didactics of Science and Mathematics, held in Barcelona, September 13-16, sponsored by the "Enseñanza de las Ciencias" journal. The theme of the speech was a critical analysis of the first ten years, 1983-1992, of this journal. Initially, the analysis focuses on general aspects of the journal such as its policies, its political positions, the language issue, the emphasis on research on teaching, the kinds of papers published, and the subjects of these papers. Then, the focus moves to a critical view of the research papers concerning their theoretical and methodological bases.
Diez años de investigación en didáctica de las ciencias: realizaciones y perspectivas
Authors: Gil Pérez D.
Published: June 2021

This paper summarizes the research in science education undertaken by the international community during the past decade, paying a special attention to the Spanish production. We intend to show that science education has improved considerably during this period, becoming a coherent body of knowledge, and we present what could be, in our opinion, the main trends for the next future.
Tendencias actuales en la formación del profesorado de ciencias
Authors: Furió-Mas Carles
Published: June 2021

In the last few years, there has been a significant growth of interest in science teacher education. An analysis of recent science teacher education research is offered in this paper. This study answers the major question: What does research tell us about the recent trends in teacher preparation? We are beginning to understand that in the in-service or pre-service training is it very important to know the effects of: a) a limited content knowledge, b) the «commonsense» conceptions, behaviors and attitudes about different aspects of science teaching; c) the need of integration «knowledge -practice» in programs of teacher education and that; d) theses obstacles to didactic knowledge adquisition alone will be overcome when the teachers are placed in a situation wt ich explicitly demands a collective reflection through the research.