bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Professional Software for the Public Finance Management
Authors: Erzhenin R. V.
Published: January 2020

In the context of the development of new digital public administration and the transition from workstations to digital platforms, the task of systematizing knowledge about professional software (ProSW) used in state and municipal institutions is becoming urgent. One of the approaches to the systematization of information about software is its typification and classification. To solve this problem, the author chose from open Internet sources and analyzed the main characteristics of leading Russian vendors that supply their software products for public finance management, including such well-known brands as Firma 1C, Parus Corporation, NPO Krista and a number of others. Based on the analysis of the data submitted by the vendors of the descriptions of their ProSW, the article first proposed its typification and various classification, including with respect to the ownership of ProSW. The proposed structuring of information on the software for financial management can be used for registering software in the Unified Register of Russian Programs and in standardized lists of goods, works and services that are purchased by customers in order to meet state and municipal needs, including the comparative assessment of the cost of the same type of software. The author concludes that the architecture of the universally used ProSW is not sufficiently effective due to the use of outdated approaches to system design. The results of the study can be used to expand the knowledge of students in higher educational institutions in areas related to public administration, IT management and software development.
Proverbial conceptualization of the common Turkic zoolexeme аt ‘horse’ (based on the material of the Khakass language)
Authors: Chertykova M. D.
Published: January 2020

The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of the ethnocultural components of the common Turkic zoolex-eme ат ‘horse’, as a unit of the proverbial picture of the world. The proverbial picture of the world is a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, which is a linguoculturological and cognitive model of various thematic proverbial groups. The structure of Khakassian proverbs and sayings has phonostylistic features: the obligatory presence of rhyme, assessment of various characteristics of a person and other phenomena of everyday life, figuratively associative com-parison of any properties of a person with objects of nature, including the endowment of animals with traits of a per-son’s character. Thus, the structure of all the proverbs and sayings we analyze is different in using the method of com-parative parallelism, for example, a child and a foal, a man and a horse. In the Khakass worldview philosophy, en-shrined in paremias, ат ‘horse’ is perceived as a true friend, ally and assistant of a person, in particular a man. The proverbs and sayings emphasize the relationship between man and horse, draw a figurative parallel of the positive and negative qualities of their characters, the careful and respectful attitude of man to the horse. In the Khakass national worldview, the horse is also a symbol of prosperity, well-being, therefore, it can also appear in traditional well-wishes, in reflections on the themes of eternity, time, life and death, for example, Ат öлзе, изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6) ‘Nothing disappears without a trace (lit. if a horse dies, a saddle remains)’. This proverb implies the idea that even if a person leaves this world, his good deeds will remain. The study showed the interconnection of the language and worldview culture of the Khakass ethnic group, which takes a basis in the everyday life of a nomadic society and mani-fests itself in fixed sayings, where the acting character is one of the main symbols of the Turkic world – ат ‘horse’. As far as we know, such signs are broadcast in the proverbial picture of the world and other Turkic peoples, thereby we can note the universality of the peculiarities of updating the ат ‘horse’ concept.
Air Round Microjet Interaction with Coaxial Air Jet for Supersonic Speed Jets Efflux
Authors: Tambovtsev A. S. , Grek G. R. , Kozlov V. V. , Litvinenko M. V. , Litvinenko Yu. A. , Shmakov A. G.
Published: January 2020

Results of experimental studies of the round hydrogen microjet interaction with a coaxial air for supersonic speed jets efflux are presented in this work. It is shown that interaction of round and coaxial air jets at their supersonic efflux leads to appearance of a train small/large-scale and, on the contrary, large/small-scale supersonic cells on a resultant jet with growth and reduction of speed of its efflux, respectively. It is found that the result of the round and coaxial air jets interaction at their supersonic efflux does not depend on geometrical parameters of a round and coaxial exit nozzle.
Photochemically-Mediated Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-(Hetero)aryl Sulfamides
Authors: Simons R. Thomas , Scott Georgia , Gant Kanegusuku Anastasia , Roizen Jennifer
Published: January 2020

A general method for the N-arylation of sulfamides with aryl bromides is described. The protocol leverates a dual-catalytic system of nickel and a photoexcitable iridium complex and proceeds at room temperature under visible light irradiation. Using these tactics, aryl boronic esters and aryl chlorides can be carried through the reaction untouched. Thereby, this method complements known Buchwald-Hartwig coupling methods for N-arylation of sulfamides.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Short DNA Fragments
Authors: Thorpe James , O'Reilly Daniel , Friscic Tomislav , Damha Masad J.
Published: January 2020

We report the general and rapid synthesis of short DNA fragments of controllable sequence and length using multi-step, one-pot mechanochemical reactions, without bulk solvent or the need to isolate intermediates. We demonstrate, for the first time, the multi-step ball milling synthesis of DNA dimers and trimers via phosphoramidite and H-phosphonate chemistries. The use of mechanochemistry allowed for coupling of phosphoramidite monomers to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nucleosides, iodine/water oxidation of the resulting phosphite triester linkage, and removal of the 5'-dimethoxy (DMTr) protecting group in situ and in good yields (up to 60% over three steps) to produce DNA dimers in one-pot manner. Sulphurization of phosphite triester linkages was possible using elemental sulfur yielding the corresponding phosphorothioate DNA dimers in good yield (up to 80% over two steps). By using H-phosphonate chemistry under milling conditions, it was possible to couple, protect the H-phosphonate linkage, and remove the 5'-DMTr protecting group in situ, enabling an one-pot process with good yields comparable to existing solvent-based procedures (up to 65% over three steps, or ca. 87% per step). This work opens the door to creation of solvent-free methodologies for the assembly of complex DNA and RNA therapeutics.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic α-Trifluoromethyl Amines by Catalytic Hydroalkylation of Dienes
Authors: Onyeagusi Chibueze I. , Shao Xinxin , Malcolmson Steven
Published: January 2020

We describe a strategy for the enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of homoallylic α-trifluoromethyl amines by the catalytic hydroalkylation of terminal dienes. Trifluoromethylsubstituted isatin-derived azadienolate nucleophiles undergo γ-selective alkylation with a Pd–DTBM-SEGPHOS catalyst, which additionally promotes regioselective addition to the diene and delivers products in up to 86% yield, 10:1 dr, and 97.5:2.5 er.
Chemoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Bio-Renewable α-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone via an Organophosphazene/urea Binary Synergistic Catalytic System Toward a Sustainable Polyester
Authors: Shen Yong , Xiong Wei , Li YongZheng , Zhao ZhiChao , Lu Hua , Li Zhibo
Published: January 2020

Despite the great potential of bio-renewable a-methylene-g-butyrolactone (MBL) to produce functional recyclable polyester, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of MBL remains as a challenge due to the competing polymerization of the highly reactive exocyclic double bond and the low strained five membered ring. In this contribution, we present the first organocatalytic chemoselective ROP of MBL to exclusively produce recyclable unsaturated polyester by utilizing a phosphazene base/urea binary catalyst. We show that delicate chemoselectivity can be realized by controlling the temperature and using selected urea catalysts. Experimental and theoretical calculations provide mechanistic insights and indicate that the kinetically controlled ROP pathway is favored by using urea with stronger acidity at low temperatures.
On the Electronic and Optical Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Case Study of MIL-125 and MIL-125-NH2
Authors: Capano Gloria , Ambrosio Francesco , Kampouri Stavroula , Stylianou Kyriakos , Pasquarello Alfredo , Smit Berend
Published: January 2020

The photoactive MIL-125 and MIL-125-NH$_{2}$ Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), despite a very similar crystalline structure, exhibit different optically behaviour. Luminescence in MIL-125 decays in about 1 ns while for its amino counterpart the lifetime of the charge-carriers is at least one order of magnitude larger. The origin of this difference is the key element for understanding the photocatalytic behaviour of MIL-125-NH2 when associated with active nanoparticles, behaviour that is completely absent in MIL-125. By performing advancedab-initio electronic structure calculations, we find that charge-carriers interact differently in the two MOFs with subsequent effects on the luminescence lifetimes and their catalytic performances. To confirm the predictions of our model we synthesized a novel material in the MIL-125 family, MIL-125-NH2-[10%](OH)2, and confirm that our theory correctly predicts a faster decay compared to MIL-125-NH2.
In Situ Visualizing the Recognition Between Proteins and Platinum-Damaged DNA in Single-Cells by Correlated Optical and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometric Imaging
Authors: Lin Yu , Wu Kui , Jia Feifei , Chen Ling , Wang Zhaoying , Zhang Yanyan , Luo Qun , Liu Suyan , Qi Luyu , Li Nan , Fang Xiaohong , Dong Pu , Gao Fei , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi
Published: January 2020

In situ visualization of the recognition and interactions between proteins and drug damaged DNA at single cell level is highly important for understanding the molecular mechanism of action of DNA targeting drugs, yet a great challenge. We report herein a novel approach, termed as correlated optical and secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging (COSIMSi), to explore the recognition between proteins and cisplatin-damaged DNA in single cells. Genetically encoded EYFP-fused HMGB1, an in vitro well-known specific binder of cisplatin-damaged DNA, dye-stained DNA, and platinum were mapped by LSCM and ToF-SIMS imaging, respectively. The LSCM and SIMS images were aligned with aiding of an addressable silicon wafer to generate fused images, in which the co-localization of the fluorescent and MS signals indicated the formation of HMGB1-Pt-DNA ternary complexes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, COSIMSi results showed that little HMGB1(F37A)-Pt-DNA complex was produced under the same conditions. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that cisplatin lesions on DNA prevented DNA-binding proteins Smad3 and Smad7 from interacting with DNA. These results verify that the COSIMSi is an effective and straightforward tool for in situ visualization of recognition and interactions between proteins and specific damaged DNA in single cells.
A Target-Based Method for Designing Heterochiral Cyclic Peptide Binders: De Novo Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction
Authors: Guardiola Salvador , Varese Monica , Roig Xavier , Garcia Jesús , Giralt Ernest
Published: January 2020

Peptides, together with antibodies, are among the most potent biochemical tools to modulate challenging protein-protein interactions. However, current structure-based methods are largely limited to natural peptides and are not suitable for designing target-specific binders with improved pharmaceutical properties, such as macrocyclic peptides. Here we report a general framework that leverages the computational power of Rosetta for large-scale backbone sampling and energy scoring, followed by side-chain composition, to design heterochiral cyclic peptides that bind to a protein surface of interest. To showcase the applicability of our approach, we identified two peptides (PD-i3 and PD-i6) that target PD-1, a key immune checkpoint, and work as protein ligand decoys. A comprehensive biophysical evaluation confirmed their binding mechanism to PD-1 and their inhibitory effect on the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Finally, elucidation of their solution structures by NMR served as validation of our de novo design approach. We anticipate that our results will provide a general framework for designing target-specific drug-like peptides.
Adenoid hypertrophy among school-aged Iraqi children, the effect of severity and duration on its co-morbidities
Authors: Hulal Saleh Sahib
Published: January 2020

Adenoid hypertrophy is a common pediatrics health problem that usually results in several morbidities such as sleep disorder, adenoid facies, impaired physical growth, cardiac complications, glue ear and nocturnal enuresis. Patients and methods: Forty-two school-aged children were enrolled in this study (6-12 years old), thirty were male and twelve were female, all are suffering from chronic snoring. All of them were subjected to standard history and physical examination to the most related health problems such as assessment of physical growth, craniofacial malformation, associated tonsillar enlargement. Investigations were performed in the form of lateral neck X-ray and ECG for all of them. The study period was 9 months from 1st of March 2018 to the 1st of December 2018. Results: There was a significant association between a higher grade of disease and speech disorders, tonsillar hypertrophy, adenoid facies, recurrent otitis media, nocturnal enuresis, impaired school performance, physical growth impairment, apnea at sleep, day time drowsiness, ECG abnormalities and deglutition problems (P < 0.05).  The associated co-morbidities, namely Speech disorders, tonsillar hypertrophy, adenoid facies, recurrent otitis media, nocturnal enuresis, impaired school performance, impaired school performance, physical growth impairment, apnea at sleep, day time drowsiness, ECG abnormalities and deglutition problems, were significantly correlated to the longer duration of disease. Conclusion: Longer duration of disease and higher grade of adenoid hypertrophy are strongly correlated with disease complications and morbidities, hence early diagnosis and properly timed management is important to prevent these complications.
FULFILLING THE NEEDS OF DIVERSE STUDENTS: TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR EFL INCLUSIVE CLASSROOMS
Authors: Hidayah Jumatul - , Morganna Ruly -
Published: January 2020

This study aimed at investigating teaching strategies and their implementation in EFL inclusive classrooms at one of the Junior High Schools in Curup-Bengkulu, Indonesia. To garner credible data as desirable, an instrumental case study was conducted by engaging two EFL teachers selected purposively at that school. Interview and observation were deployed as the techniques of collecting data. This study revealed that the teachers applied four teaching strategies ranging from active learning, peer-tutoring, cooperative learning, to direct instruction. Despite many more inclusive teaching strategies which were left aside, the limited extent of inclusion-related pedagogical knowledge and experiences, inadequate reflective teaching, and limited facilities and infrastructure promoting inclusive education, the EFL teachers had been able to implement the aforesaid strategies properly. They had demonstrated that they were sufficiently skillful at the detailed procedures of the implementation of the four strategies in the EFL inclusive classrooms. Further studies are expected to address the application of more instructional strategies for inclusive classrooms such as those suggested by Lawrence-Brown (2004). Revealing both qualitative and experimental data associated with those instructional strategies will be very contributive and meaningful.
The Validaty and Practicality of Media for Teaching Atomic Bolls for Class X Students on the Material of Atomic Strubture
Authors: Indang Indang -
Published: January 2020

One effort to improve student learning outcomes is to choose teaching media that are appropriate and attract students' attention. The media developed is a three-dimensional ball teaching media.The purpose of this study is to develop three-dimensional atomic ball teaching media, to find out the validity level of three-dimensional atomic ball teaching media, to find out the practicalities of the three-dimensional atomic ball teaching media that have been developed. This research is a type of Research and Development (R & D) research using a 4D development model, namely define, design, develop, and dessiminatebut is limited to the develop stage. The teaching media developed were validated by media experts and material experts. The subject of this research trial was a chemistry teacher to find out the practicality of three-dimensional atomic balls teaching media, and 20 students of East Siantan 1 High School to find out the practicality of three-dimensional atomic balls. The method used to analyze data uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The results showed that the validity of three-dimensional atomic ball teaching media for atomic structure material was obtained from the results of a media expert's assessment of 95.19% with very valid criteria, and the material expert's assessment was 81.23% with very valid criteria.The practicality test results were obtained from teacher responses of 92.5% with very practical criteria, and 81.41% student responses with very practical criteria. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that atomic ball teaching media in three dimensions of atomic structure are worthy of being used as learning media by teachers and students.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BIAYA PENDIDIKAN DARI DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN BANTARKAWUNG KABUPATEN BREBES
Authors: Faturohman Riyan , Muhdi Muhdi , Abdullah Ghufron
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui Perencanaan Kebijakan Biaya Pendidikan dari Dana Desa di Kecamatan Bantarkawung Kabupaten Brebes Tahun 2018. (2) untuk mengetahui Implementasi Kebijakan Biaya Pendidikan dari Dana Desa di Kecamatan Bantarkawung Kabupaten Brebes.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan merupakan jenis penelitian study multi kasus (multi-case study) penelitian yang dilakukan langusung ke lokasi penelitian di tiga Desa, Desa Cinanas, Desa Karangpari dan Desa Pengarasan. Kasus yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang implementasi kebijakan biaya pendidikan dari Dana Desa Di Kecamatan Bantarkawung Kabupaten Brebes. Karena memiliki lebih dari satu subjek yang diteliti, maka penelitian ini digolongkan multi kasus (multi-case study).Dari hasil penelitian, temuan penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa (1) perencanaan kebijakan biaya pendidikan dari dana desa di desa Cinanas, Karangpari dan Pengarasan telah dilakukan sesuai tahapan perencanaan, namun tidak sesuai dengan surat edaran Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Brebes tahun 2018 yaitu untuk gerakan kembali bersekolah (2) Implementasi kebijakan biaya pendidikan dari dana desa bukan untuk gerakan kembali bersekolah tetapi dialihkan untuk pembelian barang berupa alat sekolah seperti (tas, sepatu, buku, pulpen, seragam sekolah, dan sabuk), pengadaan sarana dan prasarana Pendidikan anak usia dini, pemberian insentif untuk guru pendidikan usia dini dan kegiatan sekolah kejar paket A, B, C.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH TERHADAP MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI GURU SMK NEGERI DI KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Sakdun Sakdun , Sudharto Sudharto , Nurkolis Nurkolis
Published: January 2020

Motivasi berprestasi guru dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah sangat menentukan terbentuknya budaya sekolah yang positif sehingga mendorong motivasi seorang guru untuk mencapai prestasi yang terbaik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini: (1) mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru, (2) mengetahui pengaruh budaya sekolah terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru, (3) mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 218 guru SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Demak. Sampel penelitian 135 guru ditetapkan dengan simpel random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket. Analisis data penelitian ini meliputi analisis uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji linieritas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji regresi. Data diolah dengan program spss for windows 21.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dipersepsikan responden memiliki kategori cukup baik, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah mempunyai pengaruh  yang  positif  dan  signifikan  terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru sebesar 39,9 %, (2) budaya sekolah dipresepsikan responden cukup baik, budaya sekolah mempunyai pengaruh  yang  positif  dan  signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru sebesar 51,3 %, (3) kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan budaya sekolah mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru SMK Negeri di Kabupaten Demak sebesar 54,4 %.
MANAJEMEN LITERASI SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA DI SD NEGERI SENDANGMULYO 04
Authors: Wicaksono Budi Chandra , Nurkolis Nurkolis , Roshayanti Fenny
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh program literasi di SDN Sendangmulyo 04 yang sudah mendapatkan prestasi nasional dalam mutu pendidikan. Sub fokus penelitian ini adalah: (a) bagaimana perencanaan; (b) bagaimana pengorganisasian; (c) bagaimana pelaksanaan; (d) bagaimana pengendalian sekolah dalam program literasi sekolah di SDN Sendangmulyo 04?, (e) bagaimana dengan minat baca di SDN Sendangmulyo 04?Objek penelitian ini adalah SDN Sendangmulyo 04 Semarang, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui, mendiskripsikan, dan menganalisis manajemen pengelolaan literasi sekolah di SDN sendangmulyo 04. Metode pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara wawancara, observasi langsung, dan dokumentasi melalui metode studi kasus. Analisis dilakukan dengan melalui tiga alur kegiatan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, verivikasi data selanjutnya manarik kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen literasi sekolah di SDN Sendangmulyo 04 dalam meningkatkan minat baca telah sesuai teori manajemen dan berjalan dengan baik: (a) perencanaan berjalan secara baik dengan menetapkan tujuan, menentukan sasaran program literasi, identifikasi potensi, dan merancang program, (b) pengorganisasian dengan menyusun tim yang melibatkan organisasi di sekolah dan sekaligus menyusun program-program kegiatan literasi, (c) pergerakkan telah berjalan dengan adanya bentuk-bentuk program kegiatan dan memberikan penghargaan kepada warga sekolah, (d) pengawasan dilakukan dengan baik dengan adanya monitoring langsung di masing-masing kegiatan literasi, menyusun program pengawasan literasi, dan tindak lanjut, dan (e) minat baca para siswa sudah baik dengan di dukung dengan sudut baca di kelas dan kunjungan di perpustakaan.
Actividades instrumentales y calidad de vida en los adultos mayores
Authors: Acuña-Gurrola María del Refugio
Published: January 2020

De acuerdo con la Teoría de la Actividad, los adultos mayores que participan en una mayor cantidad de actividades reflejan niveles mayores de satisfacción. Dichas actividades, deben ser productivas en función del rol que desempeñan dentro de su contexto con el fin de fortalecer su bienestar. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir  la frecuencia y satisfacción de las Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria, con su percepción de Calidad de Vida (CV). Con un diseño no experimental participó una muestra no probabilística intencional de 16 adultos mayores voluntarios residentes en el Estado de Hidalgo, quienes después de firmar un consentimiento informado contestaron Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud versión adultos mayores (WHOQOL-OLD, por sus siglas en inglés) y una encuesta vía entrevista sobre su participación en diferentes actividades instrumentales productivas. Los resultados arrojaron que la percepción de CV no está del todo determinada por la frecuencia o satisfacción con la que realizan dichas actividades. Se concluye que, en los adultos mayores es importante tanto la frecuencia como la satisfacción con las actividades instrumentales, ya que, si bien la participación en actividades productivas puede tener incidencia, también es necesario tomar en cuenta el valor o satisfacción que experimentan con la realización de las mismas ya que, ésta influye en su percepción de bienestar
Age of onset in musical practice on cognitive functioning
Authors: Ortega-Orozco Areta , Orozco-Calderón Gabriela , Ramírez-Flores Maura J. , Lozano- Gutiérrez Azucena
Published: January 2020

Musical processing has been described as a structural and functional plasticity model in which the areas involved and the connections are modified, these changes depend on several variables, including the start of training. The study of music as a neuropsychological phenomenon has become important because it provides information about the possible cognitive benefits. Objective: Describe and compare how musical practice Describe and compare how musical practice affects cognitive functioning in musicians who began their training at an early and late age.affects cognitive functioning in musicians who began their training at an early and late age. Method: Three groups were formed: A group of early professional musicians, a group of late-start professional musicians and a non-musicians control group. The NEUROPSI battery attention and memory were applied individually. Results: In a descriptive way, it was found that the performance profiles of the three groups behave differently and significant differences were found in memory, attention, executive functions and musical perception, especially among musicians who started before adolescence vs non-musicians. Conclutsions: Early musical practice has a favorable impact on tasks that involve attentional processes, executive functions and memory, although the practice can be beneficial throughout life.
DISSENTING OPINION DALAM MENENTUKAN BATAS UMUR ANAK
Authors: Susanti Heni , Fransista Ferry Adi
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK Perbedaan pendapat hakim (dissenting opinion) sangat dimungkinkan terjadi sebagai konsekuensi independensi personal hakim ketika mengadili perkara pada sidang yang dilakukan oleh Majelis Hakim. Dalam Putusan Nomor 81/PID.SUS/2015/PN.PRP telah terjadi perbedaan pendapat antara majelis hakim mengenai batas minimal hukuman dikarenakan terjadi perbedaan pendapat mengenai batas umur anak (terdakwa). Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian hukum non-doctrinal, dan sifat penelitian adalah deskriptif, dikarenakan penulis ingin menggambarkan dasar dari pertimbangan dan dampak dari adanya dissenting opinion yang dilakukan hakim. Pertimbangan hukum yang dikemukakan hakim dengan dissenting opinion dapat diterima sebagai pandangan mayoritas majelis hakim. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor keadilan dan juga keputusan yang dihasilkan ketika majelis hakim memeriksa para saksi dalam perkara. Akibat hukum dari penentuan batas umur yang telah disepakati dalam Putusan Nomor 81/ PID.SUS/2015/PN.PRP ini, yaitu pada saat musyawarah terjadi perbedaan pendapat (dissenting opinion), sehingga keputusan diambil dengan suara terbanyak yakni terdakwa dihukum di bawah batas minimal, yang seharusnya batas minimal hukuman adalah 5 (lima) tahun menjadi 2 (dua) tahun dan 6 (enam) bulan.Kata kunci: dissenting opinion; batas umur anak; penemuan hukum. ABSTRACTThe dissenting opinion is possible to occur as a consequence of independent judges when judging cases at a trial conducted by the panel of judges. In the Decision Number 81/PID.SUS/2015/PN.PRP, there has been a different opinion regarding the minimum sentence due to differences opinions over the children’s age limit (the defendant). This type of research is nondoctrinal legal research, and the character of this research is descriptive because the writer wants to describe the basis of the consideration and the impact of the dissenting opinion. The legal concerns that delivered by the judge with a dissenting opinion should be accepted as the majority view of the panel of judges by considering the justice factor and examining testimonies of the witnesses. As decided in the consensus of the panel of judges, the legal consequence on the determination of the age limit is that the judges should change the penalties for the defendant, from five years becoming six months imprisonment.Keywords: dissenting opinion; child’s age limit; judicial law-making.
Educação Interprofissional em Saúde e a promoção da integralidade do cuidado: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Lima Augusto Fernando Santos de , Lemos Emmanuelly Correia de , Antunes Maria Bernadete de Cerqueira
Published: January 2020

A Educação Interprofissional (EIP) é evidenciada como ferramenta para promoção de mudanças nos panoramas acadêmicos, trazendo eficiência ao trabalho colaborativo no enfrentamento dos problemas sociais e de saúde no âmbito do Sistema de Saúde. O estudo objetivou sumarizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura referentes à educação interprofissional em saúde e suas potencialidades na promoção do cuidado integral. Nesta revisão de literatura são analisados os constructos teóricos da EIP, destacando sua distinção por referência à interdisciplinaridade, bem como os modelos existentes e as mudanças necessárias na formação dos profissionais de saúde no Brasil. O estudo possibilitou análise inicial de 721 documentos, encontrados nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, além de documentos oficiais específicos como o do Centre for Advancement of Interprofessional Education – CAIPE (Centro para o Avanço da Educação Interprofissional), entre outros, passando por análise e resultando em 43 documentos para leitura reflexiva e sistematização. Os resultados permitiram conhecer a educação interprofissional e seus desdobramentos ao longo das graduações em saúde. Apontaram que a socialização dos discentes de diferentes cursos, permite uma aproximação entre os mesmos, orientando a prática interprofi ssional, convergindo na integralidade do cuidado e nas potencialidades em equipe. No entanto, pôde-se perceber o défi cit em estudos na área, como também de instituições de ensino executoras da prática educacional em questão. Destarte, espera-se ampliar a discussão acerca da EIP, na academia e sociedade, visando concretizar reais mudanças na formação acadêmica, com vistas na promoção da integralidade da atenção e cuidado à saúde.Palavras-chave: Educação. Pessoal de saúde. Relações interprofi ssionais. Educação Interprofi ssional. Práticas Interdisciplinares.
Identifying Critical 21st-Century Skills for Workplace Success: A Content Analysis of Job Advertisements
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Ling Guangming , Pugh Robert , Becker Dovid , Bacall Adam
Published: January 2020

This article extends the literature on 21st-century learning skills needed for workplace success by providing an empirical examination of employers’ direct communication to potential employees via job advertisements. Our descriptive analysis of 142,000 job advertisements provides two contributions. First, this is one of the first studies to empirically rank-order skill demand. In doing so, it is clear that oral and written communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills are in high demand by employers, with particular emphasis on the pairing of oral and written communication. Furthermore, it is apparent that many of the skills suggested in the literature as being critical for workplace success are in very low demand by employers, and some were not found to be mentioned at all (e.g., social responsibility). Second, this study explicitly examined whether 21st-century skill demand varied by job characteristics, which was found to be the case, with differences being noted for both education level and degree field requirements. Results were replicated with a sample of roughly 120,000 job advertisements collected 1 year from the initial data collection. Implications for developing educational standards around 21st-century skill development are discussed.
Why Doesn’t Passion Consistently Predict Performance? Because Passion Increases Overconfidence
Authors: Bailey Erica , Jachimowicz Jon
Published: January 2020

Consistent with the belief that passion is beneficial for job performance, prior research has identified positive associations between passion and predictors of performance, including self-efficacy, engagement, and commitment. However, studies that directly examined the passion-performance link have found inconsistent results. To reconcile these disparate findings, we suggest that passion’s high levels of investment and identification cause an outcome detrimental to performance: overconfidence. We test this passion overconfidence pathway by exploring whether passion predicts higher self-ratings (i.e., overconfident performance assessments) above and beyond objective/other-ratings. An initial meta-analytic review (k=28, N=5,951) found evidence consistent with our hypothesis that passion increases overconfidence by comparing self-rated versus other-rated and objective measures of performance. Four subsequent studies with MBA students and employees (N=2,389) compared self-ratings to other-ratings (including supervisors’ ratings) found that passion predicted higher self-ratings but not other-ratings. In a fifth sample, we recruited employee-supervisor pairs from 110 different organizations, and found that passionate employees exhibit overconfidence in part through increased investment and identification. Two experimental studies (one pre-registered, N=509) provide causal evidence that passion increases overconfidence and replicate the mediation pathways of investment and identification. The current research reveals that overconfidence appears to be a poisonous yet predictable side effect of passion, one that can explain why passion inconsistently predicts performance.
Spry_VIHCS Study design_Preprint
Authors: Spry Liz
Published: January 2020

Background: There is increasing evidence that parental determinants of offspring early life development begin well before pregnancy. Objectives: We established the Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (VIHCS) to examine the contributions of parental mental health, substance use and socioeconomic characteristics before pregnancy to child emotional, physical, social, and cognitive development. Population: Men and women were recruited from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort (VAHCS), an existing cohort study beginning in 1992 that assessed a representative sample of 1943 secondary school students in Victoria, Australia, repeatedly from adolescence (Wave 1, mean age 14 years) to adulthood (Wave 10, mean age 35 years). Methods: VAHCS participants with children born between 2006 and 2013 were recruited to VIHCS, and invited to participate during trimester three, at 2 months postpartum, and one year postpartum. Parental mental health, substance use and socioeconomic characteristics were assessed repeatedly throughout; infant characteristics were assessed postnatally and in infancy. Data will be supplemented by linkage to routine datasets. A further follow-up is underway as children reach eight years of age.Preliminary results: Of the 1307 infants born to VAHCS participants between 2006 and 2013, 1030 were recruited to VIHCS. At VIHCS study entry, 18% of recruited parents had preconception common mental disorder in adolescence and young adulthood, 18% smoked daily in adolescence and young adulthood, and 6% had not completed high school. Half of VIHCS infants were female (48%), 4% were from multiple births, and 7% were preterm (<37 weeks gestation). Conclusions: VIHCS is a prospective cohort of 1030 children with up to nine waves of preconception parental data, and three waves of perinatal parental and infant data. These will allow examination of continuities of parental health and health risks from the decades before pregnancy to offspring childhood, and the contributions of exposures before pregnancy to offspring outcomes in childhood.
Extended Emulation Theory
Authors: Rade Luca
Published: January 2020

Emulators are internal models, first evolved for prediction in perception to shorten the feedback on motor action. However, the selective pressure on perception is to improve the fitness of decision-making, driving the evolution of emulators towards context-dependent payoff representation and integration of action planning, not enhanced prediction as is generally assumed. The result is integrated perceptual, memory, representational, and imaginative capacities processing external input and stored internal input for decision-making, while simultaneously updating stored information. Perception, recall, imagination, theory of mind, and dreaming are the same process with different inputs. Learning proceeds via scaffolding on existing conceptual infrastructure, a weak form of embodied cognition. Discrete concepts are emergent from continuous dynamics and are in a perceptual, not representational, format. Language is also in perceptual format and enables precise abstract thought. In sum, what was initially a primitive system for short-term prediction in perception has evolved to perform abstract thought, store and retrieve memory, understand others, hold embedded action plans, build stable narratives, simulate scenarios, and integrate context dependence into perception. Crucially, emulators co-evolved with the emergence of societies, producing a mind-society system in which emulators are dysfunctional unless integrated into a society, which enables their complexity. The Target Emulator System, evolved initially for honest signaling, produces the emergent dynamics of the mind-society system and spreads variation-testing of behavior and thought patterns across a population. The human brain is the most dysfunctional in isolation, but the most effective given its context.
A Deep Learning Algorithm for High-Dimensional Exploratory Item Factor Analysis
Authors: Urban Christopher John , Bauer Daniel J.
Published: January 2020

Marginal maximum likelihood (MML) estimation is the preferred approach to fitting item response theory models in psychometrics due to the MML estimator's consistency, normality, and efficiency as the sample size tends to infinity. However, state-of-the-art MML estimation procedures such as the Metropolis-Hastings Robbins-Monro (MH-RM) algorithm as well as approximate MML estimation procedures such as variational inference (VI) are computationally time-consuming when the sample size and the number of latent factors are very large. In this work, we investigate a deep learning-based VI algorithm for exploratory item factor analysis (IFA) that is computationally fast even in large data sets with many latent factors. The proposed approach applies a deep artificial neural network model called an importance-weighted autoencoder (IWAE) for exploratory IFA. The IWAE approximates the MML estimator using an importance sampling technique wherein increasing the number of importance-weighted (IW) samples drawn during fitting improves the approximation, typically at the cost of decreased computational efficiency. We provide a real data application that recovers results aligning with psychological theory across random starts. Via simulation studies, we show that the IWAE yields more accurate estimates as either the sample size or the number of IW samples increases (although factor correlation and intercepts estimates exhibit some bias) and obtains similar results to MH-RM in less time. Our simulations also suggest that the proposed approach performs similarly to and is potentially faster than constrained joint maximum likelihood estimation, a fast procedure that is consistent when the sample size and the number of items simultaneously tend to infinity.
Anti-inflammatory Compounds Camphor and Methylsalicylate from Traditionally Used Pain Curing Plant Equisetum arvense L.
Authors: Adhikari Achyut , Bhandari Silan , Pandey Durga Prasad
Published: January 2020

Equiseum arvense L.  is a bushy perennial herb commonly called field horsetail distributed in the northern part of Nepal and used against curing muscle and bone pain and other many diseases. This research work was performed to analyze the possible cause of the anti-inflammatory activity of this plant. Out of four different fractions, dichloromethane (DCM ) fraction showed the presence of compounds on TLC and was subjected to column chromatography to isolate and identify pure compounds. D2 and D20 fractions eluted from column gave single and distinguished spots so that these fractions were subjected to gas chromatography analysis. The GC analysis of the pure fraction D2 obtained from column revealed the presence of a major compound major compounds camphor (92.53%) and other minor compounds; (+)-2-Bornanone, Camphor, Carvone<(z)-, dihydro->, Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)- and GC report from D20 fraction showed two compounds; Salicylate and  Benzoic acid, 2-(1-oxopropyl)-. The major compounds camphor (92.53%) and methyl salicylate (66.87%) have been reported being potent anti-inflammatory activity and their synergetic effect is more prominent for the same.
Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution Using Biomass-Based Adsorbents: A Review
Authors: Aryal Ram Lochan , Poudel Bhoj Raj , Gautam Surendra K , Paudyal Hari , Ghimire Kedar Nath
Published: January 2020

Various separation techniques have been successful for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. In this review, an extensive list of various biomass-based adsorbents from literature has been explored and their adsorption capacities under different conditions for the removal of fluoride available in the literature to date are presented. Several adsorbents have shown good adsorption capacities; however, modified biomass had shown excellent adsorption capacities compared to commercial materials. This paper reviews the fluoride uptake capacities of biomass materials and their modified forms as adsorbents against different experimental limits.
Comparison of the effectiveness of methods to increase the throughput of experimental equipment with remote access
Authors: Komarov Vladimir , Sarafanov Albert , Tumkovskiy Sergey
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The rapid development of the information society is expressed in the emergence of new models of economic activity, forms of providing educational and social services, scientific activities, etc. оn the basis of constantly improving digital technologies. This, in turn, leads to the emergence of new requirements for knowledge and skills of modern engineers whose preparation is based on various laboratory studies. The modern form of realization of such researches is multi-user remote access from digital educational environment to specialized experimental equipment (laboratory installations/stands/layouts), providing efficient use of this equipment. Purpose: Comparative analysis of methods for increasing the throughput of experimental equipment with multi-user remote access. Methods: Management of user request service procedure based on scheduling algorithms which take into account the functional and parametric content of the processed requests (configuration settings of the object of study, type of measurements taken, parameters of test signals, etc.), as well as the features of the hardware construction. Results: On the basis of the proposed approach for multi-user distributed measuring-control systems the following methods are developed: 1. A method of minimizing control operations which determines the sequence of retrieving jobs from the queue in accordance with the minimum of total control time for all the requests currently in the queue. 2. A method of temporary division of multiple measurements, providing distribution of operations of statistical processing of measurement results between the software on a measuring-control computer and the user terminal. 3. A method of parallelizing functional operations which reduces the time to service the requests by programmatically splitting and concurrently performing the management and measuring operations for queued queries related to different control objects. A comparative analysis of the applied approaches has shown that the most effective, in terms of the cost of equipping a single user workplace, are methods based on managing the process of servicing the user requests. Practical relevance: The developed methods have made it possible to create a number of samples of multi-user distributed measuring-control systems for the automation of educational and scientific experimental researches with a 16–40% lower cost of equipping a workplace and with throughput of 30–50 concurrent users on the basis of one set of specialized experimental equipment.
Classifying electrical activity of the brain during imaginary movements of untrained subjects using artificial neural networks
Authors: Kurkin Semen , Pitsik Elena , Khramov Alexandr
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Developing new classification methods for human brain electrical activity patterns corresponding to actual movements or motor imagery is an essential interdisciplinary problem in brain-computer interface research. One of the most promising approaches is the development of methods based on artificial neural networks. Purpose: The development of ANN-based methods for classifying electroencephalographic patterns associated with motor imagery in untrained subjects. Methods: Classifiers based on linear neural networks, multi-layer perceptrons, radial basis function networks and support vector machines. Results: The authors selected the optimal type, topology, learning algorithms and parameters of an artificial neural network in order to provide the most accurate and fast classification of lower limb motor imagery EEG signals. It has been studied how the number of the analyzed channels of a multichannel EEG and their choice affect the quality of motor imagery patterns classification. Optimal configurations were obtained for the electrode arrangements. The influence of EEG pre-processing on the accuracy of motor imagery recognition was analyzed. A computational experiment showed the accuracy of 90-95% in untrained subjects. Radial basis function network demonstrated the best performance. Besides, the dataset dimensionality has been significantly reduced down to 6–12 channels without any classification accuracy loss. Practical relevance: The obtained results can be useful for the developers of motor imagery EEG classification algorithms used in brain-computer interfaces.