bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolismo mineral em bubalinos com ingestões de diferentes níveis de fósforo
Authors: Souza Nedilse Helena de , Franzolin Raul , Soares Weber Vilas Bôas
Published: July 2009

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da ingestão diária de quatro níveis de fósforo (8, 12, 15 e 18 g) sobre o metabolismo de macrominerais (P, Ca, Mg, Na, K e S), incluindo a ingestão, a concentração no rúmen, a taxa de passagem do líquido ruminal, a excreção nas fezes e a disponibilidade aparente. Utilizaram-se quatro bubalinos adultos com fístulas ruminais em delineamento quadrado latino (4 × 4) com dieta total constituída de cana-de-açúcar como volumoso (85%) e concentrado formulado com um dos níveis de fósforo. Os níveis de fósforo não ocasionaram diferença significativa na concentração mineral no rúmen de nenhum mineral estudado. A concentração média de fósforo no conteúdo ruminal foi de 0,98% na matéria seca, enquanto o teor de fósforo nas rações variou de 0,12 a 0,34%, comprovando alta reciclagem de fósforo pela saliva. Níveis crescentes de fósforo na dieta, variando de 8 a 18 g/animal/dia, não influenciam as disponibilidades de cálcio e magnésio. Com o nível de fósforo de 15 g/dia, houve melhor utilização do fósforo da dieta. A ingestão de níveis crescentes de fósforo em g/kg0,75 (X) promoveu aumento linear na excreção fecal desse mineral em g/kg0,75 (Y) e baixos valores de disponibilidade do fósforo, que pode ser estimado pela equação Y = 0,03 + 0,610X, o que indica deficiência desse elemento mineral na dieta para o metabolismo animal.
Revision of the Neotropical trahiras of the Hoplias lacerdae species-group (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Erythrinidae) with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Oyakawa Osvaldo T. , Mattox George M. T.
Published: July 2009

Hoplias lacerdae was originally described from the rio Ribeira de Iguape, Iporanga, São Paulo State. The Hoplias lacerdae group is defined as containing generally large trahiras with the medial margins of dentaries running parallel to each other and lacking teeth on the basihyal compared to the H. malabaricus group in which the medial margins of the dentaries converge towards the mandibular symphysis and which have teeth on the basihyal. A taxonomic revision of the group based on meristic and morphometric data identified five distinct species: H. lacerdae distributed in the rio Ribeira de Iguape and rio Uruguai; H. intermedius from the rio São Francisco, upper rio Paraná basin, and rio Doce; H. brasiliensis from rivers of the Atlantic Coastal drainage from the rio Paraguaçu to the rio Jequitinhonha; H. australis new species, endemic to the rio Uruguai; and H. curupira new species present in northern South America, including the rios Negro, Trombetas, Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins and Capim in the Amazon basin, upper rio Orinoco near the rio Casiquiare (Venezuela), and coastal rivers of Guyana and Suriname. A lectotype for Hoplias intermedius and a neotype for H. brasiliensis are designated.
Astyanax jordanensis (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Alcaraz Héctor S. Vera , Pavanelli Carla S. , Bertaco Vinicius A.
Published: July 2009

Astyanax jordanensis, new species, is described from the rio Jacu and rio das Torres, both tributaries to the lower rio Jordão, in the rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná, Brazil. The new species is a member of the A. scabripinnis species complex. Astyanax jordanensis differs from its congeners by several meristic and morphometric characters. Mature males possess bony hooks in the dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins, and mature females have a few small bony hooks on the first rays of the anal fin. The presence of these bony hooks in females and the endemism of the ichthyofauna in the rio Jordão are discussed.
Comparative feeding ecology and habitats use of Crenicichla species (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in a Venezuelan floodplain river
Authors: Montaña Carmen G. , Winemiller Kirk O.
Published: July 2009

Feeding behavior and habitat use of two species of pike cichlids, or mataguaros, (Crenicichla lugubris and C. aff. wallacii) were studied in the río Cinaruco, a floodplain river in the Venezuelan llanos. We examined 309 individuals of C. lugubris and 270 individuals of C. aff. wallacii from both the main channel and lagoons throughout the falling-water phase of the annual hydrological cycle. Crenicichla lugubris was common within habitats that contained rocks or woody debris, whereas C. aff. wallacii was more abundant in lagoons than the main channel, especially within shallow areas containing leaf litter. Although we did not capture C. aff. wallacii in rocky shoals, they sometimes were observed in these habitats. Crenicichla lugubris was larger than C. aff. wallacii (198.4 mm and 44.6 mm, respectively). Analysis of stomach contents showed that larger specimens (> 100 mm SL) C. lugubris fed mostly on small fishes (e. g. characids, cichlids), but juveniles (< 100 mm SL) consumed mostly aquatic insects, fish scales, and shrimps. Crenicichla aff. wallacii fed on aquatic insects and other invertebrates associated with leaf litter substrates.
O "corpo-sujeito" nas representações culturais da cegueira
Authors: Martins Bruno Sena
Published: July 2009

Quando falamos em subjectividade corpórea estamos a ser complacentes com uma óbvia redundância, afinal toda a subjectividade se imbrica numa vivência corpórea que é condição da existência. Não há, portanto, subjectividade não corpórea, não há subjectividade fora da experiência incorporada. No entanto, apesar disso, permanece importante falarmos em subjectividade corpórea, seja para confrontar determinado dualismo cartesiano que desincorpora o sujeito de conhecimento, seja para denunciar a insustentabilidade de determinado construtivismo que, ao procurar elidir o peso moderno de ideologias essencialistas de biologia-como-destino, negligenciou, muitas vezes ao limite, dimensões de existência em que o corpo vivido recolhe insolúvel centralidade. A partir de um longo trabalho etnográfico realizado junto de pessoas cegas no contexto português, procurarei explorar como a experiência incorporada da cegueira surge representada, enquanto vivência e enquanto projecção. Dessa forma, intento uma perspectiva em que as representações culturais hegemónicas sobre a cegueira são pensadas desde o "corpo-sujeito" ("corps-sujet") formulado por Maurice Merleau-Ponty.
A psicologia em História da Loucura de Michel Foucault
Authors: Silveira Fernando de Almeida , Simanke Richard Theisen
Published: July 2009

Michel Foucault investiga "a história das relações que o pensamento mantém com a verdade" e desnaturaliza corpo, alma e psiqué considerando-os invenções histórico-discursivas, as quais só têm sentido se inseridas em determinados arranjos epistêmicos de produção de verdades, no caso, o surgimento das ciências humanas. Esta pesquisa estuda a ordem do discurso foucaultiano sobre a Psicologia em sua fase arqueológica, no livro História da Loucura, com o intuito de oferecer subsídios para a compreensão da história dos discursos da Psicologia, no que se refere à edificação do sujeito e do objeto psicológicos e em seus efeitos subjetivadores.
A amizade para Foucault: resistências criativas face ao biopoder
Authors: Cardoso Jr. Hélio Rebello , Naldinho Thiago Canonenco
Published: July 2009

O artigo trabalha a noção de amizade em Foucault como um modo de vida que se opõe ao processo de normalização empreendido pelo biopoder. Inicia com uma caracterização acerca do Estado Moderno. Logo após, aborda a historicidade dos processos de subjetivação e de como a atitude frente a estes implica estados de maior autonomia ou sujeição. Em seguida, aborda a amizade como resistência à normalização, situando-a em relação ao prazer e à sexualidade. Por fim, discute o papel da filosofia no processo de constituição da amizade, particularmente quanto à possibilidade de pensá-la por meio de uma teoria das relações.
Por máquinas de guerra em tempos de militarização high-tech
Authors: Fonseca Tania Mara Galli , Amador Fernanda Spanier
Published: July 2009

Este artigo trata de refletir sobre modos de comunicabilidade empreendidos no universo das Novas Tecnologias, procurando ultrapassar os efeitos de uma discursividade já instalada, de que nesta esfera, vida e criação nutrem-se uma a outra. Problematizamos tal concepção pensando a respeito de uma micropolítica na rede tecnológica que se faça por heterogeneidade expressiva, fundamentando-nos no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari. Trata-se de uma política operada entre guerreiros e soldados high-tech, capaz de introduzir uma espécie de (in) disciplina nas cadeias discursivas que se estabelecem nos ambientes computadorizados, na tentativa de efetivamente constituí-los como locus de produção da diferença.
O abrigamento e as redes de proteção para a infância e a juventude
Authors: Ayres Lygia Santa Maria , Cardoso Ana Paula , Pereira Lívia Cretton
Published: July 2009

A partir de uma pesquisa acerca de produções acadêmicas referentes à temática abrigamento, objetivando cartografar subjetividades construídas dentro de abrigos, analisamos textos (livros, artigos, dissertações e teses), no período de 2000 a 2008 referentes a essa temática. Debruçamo-nos sobre esse material com a finalidade de dar visibilidade aos discursos/práticas que estão sendo produzidos, traçando um breve histórico das medidas de assistência e proteção à infância e à juventude brasileiras. A partir do conteúdo dos textos foram levantadas diferentes categorias de análise, porém aqui estamos priorizando os debates relativos a uma delas: "Rede de Assistência ao Abrigo". Tomando o referencial da Análise do Discurso, o presente artigo problematiza as redes de proteção das políticas públicas de garantia dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Constatamos que, grande parte dos textos estudados mencionava a fragilidade das redes de proteção como responsáveis pela permanência de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos.
O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente em discursos autoritários
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira
Published: July 2009

Pretende-se com este artigo interrogar a apropriação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em práticas de poder e saber, acionadas por políticos populistas e autoritários logo após a promulgação deste código, por ocasião da inauguração do Ministério da Criança. Entre estes discursos, se encontra o do então Presidente do Brasil, no período, Fernando Collor de Mello. Através de uma metodologia histórico-genealógica de Michel Foucault e das contribuições teóricas da antropóloga Marilena Chauí, analisa-se os discursos que construíram as crianças e os jovens como a meta-síntese da Nova República brasileira. Estes atores idealizaram no Estatuto da Criança e dos Adolescentes o símbolo da entrada do Brasil na civilização e modernização, em uma concepção ilustrada da Lei como mecanismo de avanço e desenvolvimento de uma nação. Estas práticas tentavam apagar, por meio de jogos de poder, as lutas de movimentos sociais em prol da reivindicação de direitos de crianças e adolescentes.
Modeling Air and Water Perforator Swell for Better Risk Management
Authors: Han C. , Du Michael H. , Walton Ian C.
Published: July 2009

A detonated-shaped charge fired from a perforating string or perforating gun not only perforates its targets, but also possibly causes excessive damage or swell to its carrier. Comprehensive understanding of the post-perforating conditions of either the perforator or perforator system is required if such damage and potential retrievability risks are to be avoided. In practice, the perforating design engineers do not have a well-established analytical tool to help understand post-perforating behavior of perforators. They have to rely on their own experiences and previous perforating histories to roughly estimate the swell or damage conditions of similar perforators.

In this paper, the failure modes of continuously phased perforators for both gas well and oilwell applications are analyzed. Important factors concerning carrier serviceability are discussed. A method based on energy conservation is used to establish a swell model to predict the post-detonation conditions of the perforator. The model takes the total expendable energy from the explosives into account, relates it to the energy consumed by the functional and nonfunctional processes, and describes the relationship of energy distribution among them. A criterion is proposed to establish the serviceability of the perforators.

Analytical results from the model are compared with the data collected from surface tests. The results indicate the model can reasonably predict the perforator swell and damage after detonation, and as such, be a useful tool that shortens the required time to develop future perforators.
Tuberculous bursitis of the wrist after anti-TNFalpha treatment: a case report
Authors: Nestor Avgoustidis , Nikolaos Sipsas , Konstantinos Evangelou , Dimitrios Pikazis
Published: July 2009

In this report, we describe a case of tuberculous bursitis-osteomyelitis of the wrist, in an elderly patient with rheumatoid arthritis and anti-TNFalpha (anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) treatment.
The effects of vitamin E and selenium on blood flow to experimental skin burns in rats using the 133Xe clearance technique
Authors: Varoglu Erhan , Seven Bedri , Gumustekin Kenan , Aktas Omer , Sahin Ali , Dane Senol
Published: July 2009

The aim of the present experimental study was to determine and to compare the effects of vitamin E and of selenium on the blood flow to a wound region in rats, using the xenon-133 (133Xe) clearance technique. Burn wounds were made on the right thighs of rats followed by oral administration of vitamin E or selenium for a period of 10 days. The effect of vitamin E and of selenium individually on blood flow in the wound region was assessed before and after oral administration using the 133Xe clearance technique. Both vitamin E and selenium significantly increased the blood flow in the wound region (P<0.05). Our results in rats suggest that both vitamin E and selenium have beneficial effects on the skin wound healing process by increasing the skin blood flow.
Improvement of Algorithm in the Particle Tracking Velocimetry Using Self-Organizing Maps
Authors: Joshi Shashidhar Ram
Published: July 2009

The neural network techniques are becoming a useful tool for the particle tracking algorithm of the PIV system software and among others, the self-organizing maps (SOM) model seems to have turned out particularly effective for this purpose. This is mainly because of the performance of the particle tracking itself, capacity of dealing with unpaired particles between two frames and no necessity for a priori knowledge on the flow field (e.g. maximum flow rate) to be measured. Initially, concept of SOM was applied to PIV by Labonte. It was modified by Ohmi and further modified algorithm is developed using the concept of Delta-Bar-Delta rule. It is a heuristic algorithm for modifying the learning rate as training progresses. Earlier, the treatment of unpaired particles, a specific problem to any type of PIV, is not fully considered and thereby, the tracking goes unsuccessfully for some particles. The present research is to bring about further improvement and practicability in this promising particle tracking algorithm. The computational complexity can be reduced employing modified algorithm compared to other algorithms. The modified algorithm is tested in the light of the synthetic PIV standard image as well as in particle images obtained from visualization experiments.Key words: Delta-Bar Delta, Dynamic Threshold Binarization, HVD Algorithm, Labonte's SOM, Modified Algorithm, Ohmi's SOM, Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV), Particle Tracking Velocimetry(PTV), Self-Organizing Map(SOM), Single Threshold Binarization.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1,  2009, July, pp. 6-23doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2057
Difference Sequence Spaces and Matrix Transformations
Authors: Joshi Geeta Bhakta , Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Rajpant Shankar
Published: July 2009

In this paper, we extend the work of Gaur, A.K. and Mursaleen [6] and also extend the work of Mursaleen, Gaur, A.K. and Saifi, A.H.[16]. We characterize the matrices that map S (p,D) r , ¥ (p) Dl , c (p) 0 D , Dc(p)and ( p) r D ¥ l into W(t ).Key words: matrix transformationsJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009, July pp. 24-30doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2059
Competency Level of Engineering Graduates and Quality of Engineering Education in Nepal
Authors: Pahari Bharat R.
Published: July 2009

This study is the part of the outcome of the research work on quality of engineering education in Nepal. Some 246 respondents among the stakeholders of engineering education were referred in this research. In the course of time, the pace of development of the engineering education is appreciable. However, there are the voices from different stakeholders that the existing level of graduating engineers from Nepal are not meeting the standard demanded by the market. In the course of time, pressure has been intensified to respond this in prevailing education system. This has developed concern over the competency parameters as the tools of quality in engineering higher education. This study, therefore is an attempt to explore the competency level of the graduating engineers of Nepal. In this study, some prominent competency parameters influencing quality of engineering education were identified.Key words: competency, quality, engineering education, graduating engineers etc.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp. 65-75doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2064
Apportionment Approach for Just-In-Time Sequencing Problem
Authors: Dhamala Tanka Nath , Thapa Gyan Bahadur
Published: July 2009

The Just-in-Time sequencing of different products is a well-known socio-industrial problem which is supposed to minimize the maximum and total deviations between actual and ideal productions; and the apportionment problem is a socio-political problem which aims to allocate representatives to a state as close as its exact quota. Significant amounts of research have been done in these two problems independently. The relation between them has been studied from last decade. In this article, both problems are addressed with some just-in-time sequencing algorithms and their characterizations via apportionment.Key words: apportionment, divisor methods, algorithms, Just-in-Time sequencing.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp.76-89doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2065
Nonlinear Simulation of Stress-Strain Curve of Infill Materials Using PLP Fit Model
Authors: Pradhan Prajwal Lal , Murty C.V. R. , Hoiseth Karl Vincent , Aryal Mohan Prasad
Published: July 2009

This paper puts forward an idealization of stress-strain curve of structural materials like bricks, and mortar. In this model, below yield limit, the pattern of the stress-strain relationship is assumed to be linear i.e. modulus of elasticity remains unchanged, whereas beyond the limit, the relationship is supposed to be curvilinear. A quadratic stress function is assumed to formulate the stress-strain curve passing through the points of yield stress sy and ultimate stress su. Experimental investigation on the cube-tests of specimen for brick samples and mortar cubes are also presented for the verification of idealized stress-strain relationships.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp. 99-110doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2067
Outcomes of Mechanical Engineering Education in Specialized Projects With Respect to Entry Level Practice
Authors: Paudel Guna Raj
Published: July 2009

The study measured the extent of importance, desired and existing level of competences of seven proposed outcome statements related to specialized project works in Bachelor's Degree in Mechanical Engineering. A structured questionnaire was distributed to three groups of respondents namely employers, graduates, and teachers associated to mechanical engineering. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS technology. The findings showed that all seven outcome statements were very important in the profession indicating the need of the fulfilment of higher level of competencies in these areas by engineering education. On the opposite the study showed significant differences between the mean values of desired and existing level of competences indicating the desire of additional efforts to improve the quality of engineering education.Key words: Mechanical Engineering; educationJournal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp. 127-134doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2071
Histological differences in wound healing in Maxillofacial region in patients with or without risk factors
Authors: Sultana Jachmen , Molla Motiur Rahman , Kamal Mohammed , Shahidullah M , Begum Ferdousy , Bashar Md Abul
Published: July 2009

Maxillofacial surgeons often deal with many cases of delayed wound healing, some are related to known risk factors and some are unknown. This study was aimed to assess the histological features of wound healing on day 0 and day 7 in postoperative cases of maxillofacial region in patients with or without risk factors. Microscopic examination of tissue specimen is a reliable and reasonably safe method to evaluate the histological differences. Six known risk factors for delayed wound healing were studied, which are commonly associated with maxillofacial pathology. Both clinical and histological examinations were performed for the evaluation of 32 postoperative cases. Out of 32 patients, 17 patients with risk factor were in study group and 15 apparently healthy persons without risk factor were in control group. Postoperative clinical evaluation of wound was done at 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th day and histological examination of tissue specimen was done on day 0 and day 7. Based on six histological parameters, microscopic examination of tissue specimen was done by both routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and Masson's Trichrome stain. In day 7, healing wound of study group having risk factors showed profound amount of granulation tissue, early collagen fibres, plenty inflammatory infiltrate, vertical orientation of reticular pattern of collagen and minimum amount of mature collagen in majority of patients which indicates delayed healing. On the other hand, in control group majority showed horizontally oriented mature collagen fibres in fascicle. Statistically, significant association was found between study and control subjects in terms of pattern of collagen tissue, amount of early and mature collagen tissue at the 7th day of follow up. Clinical evaluation also had strong association with histological state of healing. Key words: Wound healing, Postoperative, Maxillofacial region. doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2874 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 3-8
Comparative Study of Imprint Cytology and Frozen Section in the Intraoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Shaha Sukumar , Rahman AJE Nahar
Published: July 2009

Imprint cytology can provide a useful adjunct to the frozen section diagnosis and may be used safely in the intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules, especially in the centres where frozen section facilities are not available. This study was conducted to compare imprint cytology and frozen section in terms of diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and to assess the value of imprint cytology in the intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid lesions. A total of 57 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study. All of the patients underwent frozen section in the department of pathology, BSMMU, Dhaka. Imprints were taken from the fresh specimen sent for frozen section from departments of otolaryngology and surgery of BSMMU. Imprint slides were stained with rapid H & E staining method. Then the tissues were submitted for frozen section by standard method. In this study, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of imprint cytology were 81.25%, 66.66%, 82.59%, 87.12% respectively. Frozen section revealed the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive as 88.46%, 72.72%, 100%, 100%, 83.33% respectively. Imprint cytology was found to be comparable with frozen section in diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity. Since imprint cytology is a simple and cost-effective procedure it can be used as an alternative to frozen section in hospitals where frozen section facilities are not available. Key Words: Imprint cytology, frozen section, intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid lesions  doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2876 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 12-15
Imaging Velocimetry Measurements for Entropy Production in a Rotational Magnetic Stirring Tank and Parallel Channel Flow
Authors: Naterer Greg  F. , Adeyinka Olusola  B.
Published: July 2009

An experimental design is presented for an optical method of measuring spatial variations of flow irreversibilities in laminar viscous fluid motion. Pulsed laser measurements of fluid velocity with PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) are post-processed to determine the local flow irreversibilities. The experimental technique yields whole-field measurements of instantaneous entropy production with a non-intrusive, optical method. Unlike point-wise methods that give measured velocities at single points in space, the PIV method is used to measure spatial velocity gradients over the entire problem domain. When combined with local temperatures and thermal irreversibilities, these velocity gradients can be used to find local losses of energy availability and exergy destruction. This article focuses on the frictional portion of entropy production, which leads to irreversible dissipation of mechanical energy to internal energy through friction. Such effects are significant in various technological applications, ranging from power turbines to internal duct flows and turbomachinery. Specific problems of a rotational stirring tank and channel flow are examined in this paper. By tracking the local flow irreversibilities, designers can focus on problem areas of highest entropy production to make local component modifications, thereby improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.
LoWMob: Intra-PAN Mobility Support Schemes for 6LoWPAN
Authors: Bag Gargi , Raza Muhammad Taqi , Kim Ki-Hyung , Yoo Seung-Wha
Published: July 2009

Mobility in 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Networks) is being utilized in realizing many applications where sensor nodes, while moving, sense and transmit the gathered data to a monitoring server. By employing IEEE802.15.4 as a baseline for the link layer technology, 6LoWPAN implies low data rate and low power consumption with periodic sleep and wakeups for sensor nodes, without requiring them to incorporate complex hardware. Also enabling sensor nodes with IPv6 ensures that the sensor data can be accessed anytime and anywhere from the world. Several existing mobility-related schemes like HMIPv6, MIPv6, HAWAII, and Cellular IP require active participation of mobile nodes in the mobility signaling, thus leading to the mobility-related changes in the protocol stack of mobile nodes. In this paper, we present LoWMob, which is a network-based mobility scheme for mobile 6LoWPAN nodes in which the mobility of 6LoWPAN nodes is handled at the network-side. LoWMob ensures multi-hop communication between gateways and mobile nodes with the help of the static nodes within a 6LoWPAN. In order to reduce the signaling overhead of static nodes for supporting mobile nodes, LoWMob proposes a mobility support packet format at the adaptation layer of 6LoWPAN. Also we present a distributed version of LoWMob, named as DLoWMob (or Distributed LoWMob), which employs Mobility Support Points (MSPs) to distribute the traffic concentration at the gateways and to optimize the multi-hop routing path between source and destination nodes in a 6LoWPAN. Moreover, we have also discussed the security considerations for our proposed mobility schemes. The performance of our proposed schemes is evaluated in terms of mobility signaling costs, end-to-end delay, and packet success ratio.
Magnetic resonance microscopy analysis of transport in a novel Tape‐Cast porous ceramic
Authors: Brosten Tyler R. , Codd Sarah L. , Romanenko Konstantin V. , Sofie Stephen W. , Seymour Joseph D.
Published: July 2009

Freeze‐tape‐cast porous ceramics allow for tailored pore structures. The impact on transport dynamics of pore structures which vary as a function of spatial depth within a ceramic is an important consideration in designing pore structures for particular applications. In this article, the application of nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy and1H NMR techniques to characterize the transport in a novel tape‐cast ceramic is presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Techniques for visualization of cavern boundaries in opaque industrial mixing systems
Authors: Simmons M. J. H. , Edwards I. , Hall J. F. , Fan X. , Parker D. J. , Stitt E. H.
Published: July 2009

In the agitation of complex fluids, the avoidance of caverns is essential for successful blending. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and positron emission projection imaging, which can both image within opaque fluids, have been assessed for visualization of cavern boundaries. A vessel of diameter, T = 154 mm, equipped with a single 57 mm diameter six bladed 45° down pumping pitched blade disc turbine formed the test system. The fluid used was aqueous solution of carbopol 940. Both techniques were used to detect and image caverns at Re from 20–86.6 and compared with optical images. Reasonable agreement on the maximum cavern heights and widths were obtained, with the taller and narrower caverns obtained via 3D ERT measurements being attributed to artifacts of the method and interactions between the polymer and tracer. Caverns were also detectable using a robust linear ERT array, which has potential for use within industrial systems. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor ligand HLA‐Bw4 protects against multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lorentzen Åslaug R. , Karlsen Tom H. , Olsson Marita , Smestad Cathrine , Mero Inger‐Lise , Woldseth Bente , Sun Ji‐Yao , Senitzer David , Celius Elisabeth G. , Thorsby Erik , Spurkland Anne , Lie Benedicte A. , Harbo Hanne F.
Published: July 2009

Objective

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. A human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II association is well established (DRB1*1501‐DQB1*0602), but more recently HLA class II–independent associations with HLA class I variants have also been reported. The HLA class I (HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C) molecules serve as ligands for both T‐cell receptors and killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs). We investigated the HLA class I alleles defined by their KIR binding motifs and the KIR genes to evaluate whether these genes could influence MS susceptibility or severity, alone or in combination.

Methods

We typed Norwegian MS patients (n = 631) and controls (n = 555) for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DRB1 alleles as well as the presence or absence of genes encoding inhibitory (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3) and activating (KIR2DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DS1) KIRs.

Results

The frequency of the HLA‐Bw4 specificity, which is the ligand for the inhibitory KIR3DL1, was significantly reduced in MS patients as compared with controls (41.4% vs 55.1%, puncorrected (uc) = 4.6 × 10−6). Also after stratifying for known HLA class II associations, the HLA‐Bw4 association was seen (puc = 0.002). No significant differences in gene carrier frequencies of inhibitory and activating KIRs were observed. However, our data indicate that MS patients who carry the activating KIR2DS2 and the inhibitory KIR2DL2 genes have more severe disease than patients not carrying these genes.

Interpretation

Carriage of the ligand of the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor, HLA‐Bw4, was found to protect against MS in an HLA‐DRB1 independent manner. Ann Neurol 2009;65:658–666
Magnetic survey at Venta Icenorum, Caistor St Edmund: Survey strategies and initial results
Authors: Bescoby D. , Bowden W. , Chroston P. N.
Published: July 2009

This short report summarizes two seasons of magnetic surveying at the Roman town of Venta Icenorum at Caistor St Edmund, Norfolk. Survey strategies have been developed utilizing caesium vapour magnetometers mounted on a wheeled platform with a global positioning system to map former areas of settlement and their immediate hinterlands. The resulting survey system has enabled the rapid collection of high‐resolution magnetic data over an area of 30 ha, providing a detailed magnetic map of the former town. Details of the system configuration and survey strategy are described and data from the survey presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patent priority network: Linking patent portfolio to strategic goals
Authors: Su Fang Pei , Lai Kuei Kuei , Sharma R.R.K. , Kuo Tsung Hsien
Published: July 2009

When applying for patents, companies should consider performing patent portfolios as a means of integrating their patent strategy to shape their overall business strategy. This is an important issue for any company in pursuit of enhanced operational performance because the whole raison d'être behind the application of patents is the anticipation of achieving maximum competitive advantage. A prerequisite for such a company is a decision analysis model of patent portfolios because this has the added advantage of being readily applicable to the evaluation of the quality of its competitors' portfolios; thus, by understanding both itself and its competitors, a company can attain a superior position. To demonstrate this, we examine patent priority networks (PPNs) formed through patent family members and claimed priority patents, performing a model of patent portfolio analysis and then going on to determine the algorithms. We suggest that information retrieved from this network can provide a useful reference tool for decision‐making by company CEOs, CTOs, R&D managers, and intellectual property managers.
Quantum Dots Arrangement and Energy Transfer Control via Charge‐Transfer Complex Achieved on Poly(Phenylene Ethynylene)/Schizophyllan Nanowires
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Haraguchi Shuichi , Tsuchiya Youichi , Shinkai Seiji
Published: July 2009

Assemblies of organic and inorganic compounds in the nanoscale region have contributed to the development of novel functional materials toward future applications, including sensors and opto‐electronics. We succeed in fabricating hybrid nanowires composed of a conjugated polymer and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) by a supramolecular assembly technique. The 1‐D fashion of the nanowire structure is obtained by the polymer wrapping of cationic poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) with helix‐forming polysaccharide schizophyllan (SPG). The electrostatic interaction between cationic PPE and anionic QDs affords the nanowires decorated with QDs. Upon addition of an acceptor molecule, tetranitrofluorenone (TNF), the charge‐transfer (CT) complex between PPE and TNF is formed, resulting in energy transfer from the QDs to PPE arising from the induced spectral overlap. Furthermore, the employment of the conjugated polymer allows highly sensitive quenching of the QD’s emission by raising the transmission efficiency to the CT complexed electron deficient sites along the polymer backbone.
Effects of extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields on the oviposition of Drosophila melanogaster over three generations
Authors: Gonet Bolesław , Kosik‐Bogacka Danuta I. , Kuźna‐Grygiel Wanda
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an extremely low‐frequency 50 Hz magnetic field (ELFMF) on the oviposition and development of Drosophila melanogaster. The results show that exposure of D. melanogaster females of generation P and all the development stages of generation F1 to an ELFMF weakened the oviposition of these insects in their subsequent generations. Bioelectromagnetics 30:687–689, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The determination of glutamine with flow‐injection chemiluminescence detection and mechanism study
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Liu Zhuan‐Li , Shi Yan‐Mei , Tian Wei
Published: July 2009

The main purpose of this study was to develop an inexpensive, simple, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of glutamine (Gln) using a flow‐injection (FI) system. Gln was found to strongly inhibit the CL signal of the luminol–H2O2–CuSO4 system in Na2B4O7 solution. A new FI‐CL method was developed for the determination of Gln. Parameters affecting the reproducibility and CL detection were optimized systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the corresponding linear regression equation was established over the range of 5.0 × 10−7 to 2.5 × 10−6 mol/L with the detection limit of 1.8 × 10−8 mol/L. The relative standard deviation was found to be 1.8% for 11 replicate determinations of 1.5 × 10−6 mol/L Gln. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of Gln in real samples (Marzulene‐s granules) with recoveries in the range of 98.7–108.6%. The minimum sampling rate was about 100 samples/h. The possible mechanism of this inhibitory CL was studied by fluorescence spectrophotometer and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmented biosynthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles by genetically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Chen Yen‐Lin , Tuan Hsing‐Yu , Tien Chun‐Wen , Lo Wen‐Hsin , Liang Huang‐Chien , Hu Yu‐Chen
Published: July 2009

Microorganisms can complex and sequester heavy metals, rendering them promising living factories for nanoparticle production. Glutathione (GSH) is pivotal in cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticle formation in yeasts and its synthesis necessitates two enzymes: γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GS). Hereby, we constructed two recombinant E. coli ABLE C strains to over‐express either γ‐GCS or GS and found that γ‐GCS over‐expression resulted in inclusion body formation and impaired cell physiology, whereas GS over‐expression yielded abundant soluble proteins and barely impeded cell growth. Upon exposure of the recombinant cells to cadmium chloride and sodium sulfide, GS over‐expression augmented GSH synthesis and ameliorated CdS nanoparticles formation. The resultant CdS nanoparticles resembled those from the wild‐type cells in size (2–5 nm) and wurtzite structures, yet differed in dispersibility and elemental composition. The maximum particle yield attained in the recombinant E. coli was ≈2.5 times that attained in the wild‐type cells and considerably exceeded that achieved in yeasts. These data implicated the potential of genetic engineering approach to enhancing CdS nanoparticle biosynthesis in bacteria. Additionally, E. coli‐based biosynthesis offers a more energy‐efficient and eco‐friendly method as opposed to chemical processes requiring high temperature and toxic solvents. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Use of high‐frequency vibrational energy in the treatment of peripheral chronic total occlusions
Authors: Al‐Ameri Hazim , Mayeda Guy S. , Shavelle David M.
Published: July 2009

Purpose: Peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTO) are challenging lesions to treat. The CROSSER system (FlowCardia, Sunnyvale, CA) uses high‐frequency low‐amplitude vibrations to break through the cap of the CTO and had been shown to be successful in coronary CTOs. This is a case series demonstrating the use of the CROSSER system with peripheral CTOs. Case Reports: Three patients with peripheral CTO of various lengths, locations, and complexities were treated with the CROSSER system. The device allowed placement of a guidewire across the area of occlusion, thus permitting further percutaneous intervention. The CROSSER system was effective with both ostial and distal lesions, tapered and abrupt lesion morphologies, and was used from both an ipsilateral (antegrade access) and contralateral approach. Conclusion: The CROSSER system is an additional device that may be used to treat peripheral CTOs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiofrequency recanalization of an occluded long segment left pulmonary artery in bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis
Authors: El Tahlawi Mohammad , Bonello Beatrice , Fraisse Alain
Published: July 2009

In patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who experience the Norwood surgical palliative program, development of the pulmonary artery branches is crucial. Balloon dilation and stenting may relieve potential stenosis but complete occlusion remains difficult to address with transcatheter therapy. We report the use of radiofrequency followed by balloon dilation and stenting to treat a long segment left pulmonary artery occlusion in a 15‐month‐old boy bidirectional Glenn. The left pulmonary artery was successfully recanalized with an excellent short‐term outcome. This further enhances the interest of radiofrquency for recanalization of occluded pulmonary artery branches, as an alternative to surgical reconstruction. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is a predominant left‐to‐right shunt associated with migraine?: A prospective atrial septal defect closure study
Authors: Luermans Justin G.L.M. , Post Martijn C. , Temmerman Frederik , Thijs Vincent , Schonewille Wouter J. , Plokker H.W. Thijs , ten Berg Jurriën M. , Suttorp Maarten J. , Budts Werner I.H.L.
Published: July 2009

Background:

A right‐to‐left shunt, as seen in patients with a patent foramen ovale, seems to be associated with migraine. An atrial septal defect (ASD), however, is characterized by a predominant left‐to‐right shunt (LRS). We prospectively evaluated the effect of percutaneous ASD closure on migraine

Methods:

All 70 consecutive patients (>16 years) who underwent a percutaneous ASD closure between November 2003 and December 2005 in one of the two participating centers were included in the study. On the basis of standardized headache questionnaire, two independent neurologists diagnosed migraine with or without aura (MA+ and MA−, respectively) according to the International Headache Society criteria, before, 6 and 12 months after closure.

Results:

Sixty‐eight patients (97%; mean age 47.3 ± 16.4 years; 22% men) agreed to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire. Before ASD closure, the overall prevalence of migraine was 34%, MA+ 22% and MA− 12%. At 6 months follow‐up, the headache questionnaire was completed by 63 patients (93%) and the prevalence of overall migraine decreased to 19%, MA+ to 8% and MA− to 11% (Mc Nemar test, P = 0.08, P = 0.07, and P = 1.0, respectively). At 12 months, the prevalence of migraine decreased further to 12%, MA+ to 5% and MA− to 7% (McNemar test, P = 0.003, P = 0.04, and P = 0.29 versus at inclusion, respectively) based on a completed headache questionnaire of 57 patients (84%).

Conclusion:

We found a high prevalence of migraine in patients with an ASD, and observed prospectively a reduction in the occurrence of migraine, especially migraine with aura, 1 year after percutaneous closure. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Five‐year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using sirolimus‐eluting stents: Insights from the rapamycin‐eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital—(Research) Registry
Authors: Shen Zhu Jun , García‐García Hector M. , Garg Scot , Onuma Yoshinobu , Schenkeveld Lisanne , van Domburg Ron T. , Serruys Patrick W.
Published: July 2009

Background: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in patients with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short‐term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of target lesion revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow‐up in patients with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a sirolimus eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these patients at 5‐years clinical follow‐up. Methods and Results: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) patients with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven patients died in the BMS group whilst nine patients died in the SES group (P = 0.90). Noncardiac death was the major component of all‐cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three myocardial infarctions (MI) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of death and MI occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) patients in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight patients (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non‐TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one patient in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5‐year device‐oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). Conclusion: In patients with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecularly Imprinted Sorbent Assays: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Ge Yi , Turner Anthony P. F.
Published: July 2009

Molecular imprinting has attracted considerable attention, because it offers the tantalising prospect of specific antibody‐mimicking recognition and binding sites, coupled with several distinct advantages such as excellent stability, ease of preparation and low cost. In this Minireview, recent progress in molecularly imprinted sorbent assays is discussed, with a particular emphasis on the most significant developments and applications over the last few years.
Predicting the Critical Micelle Concentrations of Aqueous Solutions of Ionic Liquids and Other Ionic Surfactants
Authors: Preiss U. , Jungnickel C. , Thöming J. , Krossing Ingo , Łuczak J. , Diedenhofen M. , Klamt A.
Published: July 2009

Some ionic liquids (ILs) are structurally analogous to surfactants, especially those that consist of a combination of organic and inorganic ions. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is a basic parameter of surface chemistry and colloid science. A significant amount of research has already been carried out to determine the CMCs of ILs. However, because of the many varied cation/anion combinations, it is a daunting task to measure the CMCs of all possible ILs. Herein we suggest a general rule for predicting the CMCs of ionic surfactants in water based on data from COSMO‐RS calculations. In accordance with the Stauff–Klevens rule, the molecular volume (Vm) is sufficient to describe similar homologous series of cationic surfactants such as imidazolium‐ and ammonium‐based ionic liquids with varying side‐chain lengths. However, to also include anionic surfactants like Na[CnSO4] in a more general correlation, Vm has to be exchanged by the cubed molecular radius (${r{{3\hfill \atop {\rm m}\hfill}}}$) and the molecular surface has to be used as an additional descriptor. Furthermore, to describe double amphiphilic compounds like [C4MIm][C8SO4], the enthalpies of mixtures calculated by COSMO‐RS have to be taken into account. The resulting equation had allowed us to predict the CMCs of all of the 36 tested surfactants with an error similar to or smaller than the usual experimental errors (18 different cations, 10 different anions: root mean squared error (rmse)=0.191 logarithmic units; R2=0.994). We discuss the factors governing micelle formation on the basis of our calculations and show that the structure of our equation can be related to Gibbs’ theory of crystallization.