bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Opioids for Adults With Pain From Cancer or Cancer Treatment: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Paice Judith A. , Bohlke Kari , Barton Debra , Craig David S. , El-Jawahri Areej , Hershman Dawn L. , Kong Lynn R. , Kurita Geana P. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Mercadante Sebastiano , Novick Kristina L. M. , Sedhom Ramy , Seigel Carole , Stimmel Joanna , Bruera Eduardo
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE

To provide guidance on the use of opioids to manage pain from cancer or cancer treatment in adults.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature identified systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials of the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics in people with cancer, approaches to opioid initiation and titration, and the prevention and management of opioid adverse events. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2010, to February 17, 2022. American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and formulate recommendations.

RESULTS

The evidence base consisted of 31 systematic reviews and 16 randomized controlled trials. Opioids have primarily been evaluated in patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain, and they effectively reduce pain in this population, with well-characterized adverse effects. Evidence was limited for several of the questions of interest, and the Expert Panel relied on consensus for these recommendations or noted that no recommendation could be made at this time.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Opioids should be offered to patients with moderate-to-severe pain related to cancer or active cancer treatment unless contraindicated. Opioids should be initiated PRN (as needed) at the lowest possible dose to achieve acceptable analgesia and patient goals, with early assessment and frequent titration. For patients with a substance use disorder, clinicians should collaborate with a palliative care, pain, and/or substance use disorder specialist to determine the optimal approach to pain management. Opioid adverse effects should be monitored, and strategies are provided for prevention and management. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
Laminin matrix adhesion regulates basal mammary epithelial cell identity
Authors: Englund Johanna I. , Bui Hien , Dinç Defne D. , Paavolainen Oona , McKenna Tomás , Laitinen Suvi , Munne Pauliina , Klefström Juha , Peuhu Emilia , Katajisto Pekka
Published: December 2022

Mammary epithelium is a bilayered ductal network composed of luminal and basal epithelial cells, which together drive the growth and functional differentiation of the gland. Basal mammary epithelial cells (MECs) exhibit remarkable plasticity and progenitor activity that facilitate epithelial expansion. However, their activity must be tightly regulated to restrict excess basal cell activity. Here, we show that adhesion of basal cells to laminin α5-containing basement membrane matrix, which is produced by luminal cells, presents such a control mechanism. Adhesion to laminin α5 directs basal cells towards a luminal cell fate, and thereby results in a marked decrease of basal MEC progenitor activity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, these effects are mediated through β4-integrin and activation of p21 (encoded by CDKN1A). Thus, we demonstrate that laminin matrix adhesion is a key determinant of basal identity and essential to building and maintaining a functional multicellular epithelium.
A transit map for micro-scale urban development in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: H. Seoudy Mohamed , El Menshawy Adel , El Adawy Amr
Published: December 2022

Background: Due to Egypt's strategic location among countries, transportation is one of the most significant development sectors because it plays a major part in today's economy and society and has a large influence on growth and employment. Over the years, the Egyptian General Organisation of Physical Planning (GOPP) has prepared strategic general urban plans in collaboration with local and foreign organisations, including transportation plans. The constant focus of authorities on strategic plans and their inability to implement them on schedule are a major issue. In other words, they always take development from a distant perspective and do not deal with the main problem that exists within cities, as the existing micro-scale transit built environments (MSTBEs) of cities are not ready due to a lack of transit-oriented communities (TOCs), sustainably developed transit supply systems, and mobility hubs.

Methods: The "Enhanced MSTBE Phases" methodology is used for the key elements of the study design used in this research, depending on data collection, approvals, techniques, and analysis methods. As a case study, these key elements are in the documentation, analysis, and development of the Muharram Bek El Mowkaf El Gedid Mobility Hub (MBMH) and the 800 m radius around it.

Results: The results indicate that Enhanced MSTBE Phases led to the establishment of the MBMH and the 800 m radius surrounding it as a sustainable MSTBE in Alexandria, Egypt, which is chosen as the case study.

Conclusions: The development of this MSTBE is a catalyst for future effects that will have a long-term impact on meso-scale and, ultimately, macro-scale transit built environments.
Electronic signature and attestation in conveyancing practice: A Malaysian legal perspective
Authors: Wong Hua Siong , Muhamad Mohd Munzil
Published: December 2022

Background 

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about an unprecedented disruption to global business activities. Physical face-to-face activities must be restricted due to movement control order (MCO). The clients are required to sign the documents physically in the presence of the solicitor who must subsequently attest to the signature of the clients. The issue arises whether electronic signature (e-signature) and attestation are permissible under the laws of Malaysia. The aim of this research was to study the legality of e-signature and attestation in conveyancing practice in Malaysia and subsequently to propose recommendations to overcome these issues.  

Methods  

This is qualitative study and not an empirical study. The data was collected by library-based research from various primary and secondary data sources, including case law in Malaysia, written statutes, publication of journal and article.  

Results 

The Digital Signatures Act 1997 (DSA) and the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 (ECA) have legalised e-signatures. The DSA is the law that governs the digital signatures in Malaysia. ECA has listed a few documents which are not legally accepted if signed electronically, namely Power of Attorney, the Wills and codicils, the Trusts, and negotiable instruments. However, with regards to the issue of attestation of these documents, there are no clear laws which govern the attestation. The legal issue arises when the lawyers who have attested these documents are liable to be called as witness under the Evidence Act 1950 to testify their signature if these documents are tendered as evidence in any court proceedings.  

Conclusion 

The laws in Malaysia have provided sufficient provisions for e-signatures but not the issue of attestation via online. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for unique legal framework for attestation via online in Malaysia.
Probiotics for preventing or treating COVID-19; a systematic review of research evidence and meta-analyses of efficacy for preventing death, severe disease, or disease progression
Authors: Allen Jawara , Evans Carlton A. , Datta Sumona
Published: December 2022

Background: COVID-19 variants threaten health globally. Despite improving vaccines and treatments, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies to prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19. Potential strategies include probiotics, which are safe, inexpensive, globally available and have been studied previously in relation to respiratory infections.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of experimental, trial or observational research evidence evaluating probiotics compared with control groups for preventing or treating COVID-19. We searched PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Web of Science bibliographic databases for studies published until December 6, 2021. We then performed meta-analyses for outcomes reported consistently across studies. Outcomes reported inconsistently or not amenable to meta-analysis were compared descriptively.

Results: We identified six eligible studies, which were all published in 2020 and 2021: one randomized controlled trial and five retrospective cohort studies. The only randomized controlled trial reported that groups that ingested probiotics compared with control groups that did not ingest probiotics did not differ significantly with respect to death, severe disease requiring admission to an intensive care unit or disease progression (all p>0.5). The five retrospective cohort studies reported various apparently beneficial and harmful COVID-19 outcome associations with probiotic ingestion. Meta-analyses revealed no significant associations between probiotic use and death, severe disease, or disease progression caused by COVID-19. Descriptive data revealed that probiotic ingestion was associated with a trend towards worsened duration of hospital stay, improvements in measures of respiratory condition and worsened disease duration. The evidence for these contradictory associations was weak because all studies were prone to bias and none were considered to be of high quality.

Conclusions: Current evidence does not suggest that probiotics affect COVID-19 severity or mortality. However, additional higher quality studies need to be conducted to definitively determine if probiotics would be a useful adjunctive treatment for COVID-19.
Revealing Alice in Wonderland through intersemiotic translation
Authors: Moreira Lílian , Queiroz João
Published: December 2022

The idea that translation involves revealing and discovery of information from the source has been discussed in a few fields of study, especially creative translation and intersemiotic translation. These operations are fundamentally dependent on iconic properties. An operational criterion detrivializes the common description of the icon as a sign of similarity to define more precisely iconic processes as a sign through which it is possible to discover or reveal new information about its object. This idea becomes particularly interesting when we think about multiple translations of the same source, each revealing such distinct traits that some may consider as opposing one another. As an example to be discussed in our case study, we have selected Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, and Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, both of which have been widely translated. Until now there has been no systematic analysis in the field of intersemiotic translation studies of the relationship between one source and multiple targets. We compare two intersemiotic translations of the Alice novels: a 1980 TV episode from The Muppet Show by Jim Henson and the 1988 feature film Něco z Alenky by Jan Švankmajer, both displaying distinct characteristics of their own and revealing different information about the works of Carroll.
On semotics of war
Authors: Ventsel Andreas
Published: December 2022

Review of War and Semiotics: Signs, Communication Systems, and the Preparation, Legitimization, and Commemoration of Collective Mass Violence. (Jacob, Frank, ed.) London, New York: Routledge, 336 pp.
Porokeratosis ptychotropica: a case report
Authors: Ryoo Young-Wook , Kim Yura , Yun Ji-Min , Kim Sung-Ae
Published: December 2022

Porokeratosis ptychotropica is an uncommon form of porokeratosis, which was initially described in 1995. It is clinically characterized by symmetrical reddish to brown-colored hyperkeratotic, verrucous, or psoriasiform plaques on the perianal and gluteal regions. The lesions tend to integrate and expand centrally, with small peripheral satellite lesions. Early skin biopsy and appropriate diagnosis are essential because malignant change occurs in 7.5% of porokeratotic lesions. Conventional treatment options include topical steroid, retinoid, imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, isotretinoin, excimer laser, photodynamic therapy, intralesional steroid or bleomycin injection, cryotherapy, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, and dermatome and excision, but none seem to achieve complete clearance. A 68-year-old woman presented with diffuse hyperkeratotic scaly lichenoid plaques on the buttocks that had persisted for several years. A skin biopsy of the buttocks revealed multiple cornoid lamellae and intense hyperkeratosis. There were some dyskeratotic cells beneath the cornoid lamellae and the granular layer was absent. Porokeratosis ptychotropica was diagnosed based on the characteristic clinical appearance and typical histopathological manifestations. She was treated with a CO2 laser in one session and topical application of urea and imiquimod cream for 1 month. The lesions slightly improved at the 1-month follow-up. We herein present a rare case of porokeratosis ptychotropica.
Design and Analysis of Single Layer Proximity Fed Sierpinski Fractal 2x1 Array Antenna Embedded on Hexagon Shaped Patch with Defected Ground Structure
Authors:   Department of Electronics, B P C College, Piravom, Eranakulam, Kerala, India, Abraham Jacob , Kannadhasan S.
Published: December 2022

A novel innovative technique for producing a single layer proximity fed triple band antenna based on second iteration level Sierpinski fractal geometry implanted on a hexagonal shaped array antenna is being presented for next-generation cellular networks. The steps of fractal array antenna growth are examined. The array antenna is supplied using a single layer proximity fed method. The suggested single layer proximity fed hexagonal shaped array antenna with defective ground structure is developed and simulated using CST Microwave Studio, and characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, directivity, and radiation pattern are investigated. The second iteration level single layer proximity fed array antenna's simulated -10 dB impedance bandwidth for the lower band is 237 MHz (1.6480 – 1.8850 GHz) with peak resonance at 1.8010 GHz, the middle band bandwidth is 66 MHz (2.4280 – 2.4940 GHz) with peak resonance at 2.4640 GHz, and the upper band bandwidth is 69 MHz (2.9080 – 2.9778 GHz) with peak resonance at 2.9 This antenna may be used for a wide range of wireless communication applications.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNET ADDICTION ON DEPRESSION INDICATORS IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Moskalenko Olga L. , Tereshchenko Sergey Yu. , Yaskevich Roman A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study. To study the effect of internet-addiction on depression scores among medical university students.

Materials and methods. The study involved 145 students of both sexes studying at a medical university. The CIAS scale used to assess the level of internet-addiction. Analysis of the frequency and severity of depression carried out using the HADS scale.

Results. It found that a pronounced and stable pattern of internet-dependent behavior on the CIAS scale was detected in 8,2% of the surveyed medical students. Symptoms of depression of varying severity were twice as common among female medical students. When studying the influence of internet-dependent behavior on depression indicators, it was found that among students with Internet addiction, people with symptoms of depression of varying severity were more common, compared with students who are prone to internet-addiction and do not have addiction.

Conclusion. The study revealed the presence of a high level of depressive disorders in students with internet-addiction studying at a medical university.
INTEGRATIVE SEMANTIC MAP AS AN ILLUSTRATIVE AND SCHEMATIC BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROFESSIONALLY SIGNIFICANT ENGLISH-LANGUAGE THESAURUS OF THE THEMATIC FIELD “LAW”
Authors: Kochetkova Svetlana Y. , Kurchenkova Elena A.
Published: December 2022

The authors of the article consider integrative semantic mapping as an illustrative and schematic basis for the law students’ development of a professionally oriented English-language thesaurus of the topical field “Law”. The aim of the research is to study further development of professional and communicative English-language competence which allows ensuring the implementation of pragmatic and professional communicative tasks in simulated situations of entering into legal relationship by the students.
Methodology. The methodological framework for the research is the cognitive and generalizing methods, such as the theoretical analysis of research works in linguodidactics, pedagogy, cognitive linguistics, and the prognostic methods. The research material was an educational and methodological complex on the discipline “Legal English”, used as part of the Bachelor’s degree program 40.03.01 “Jurisprudence”.
Results. The paper analyzes an algorithm for the development of abilities and skills of linguo-cognitive processing of professionally significative highly legal English texts of a static nature (for intermediate and upper-intermediate students), and English-language videos of a dynamic nature of the genre “courtroom drama” (for advanced and proficient students) using integrative semantic maps. Analyzing their application features allows us to emphasize their main function, which consists in optimizing the development of information about the law enforcement and legal proceedings in English-speaking countries, necessary for the effective intercultural communication of future practitioners in various branches of law.
Conclusion. Forming and developing the English-language thesaurus of a professional lawyer is one of important areas of modern linguodidactics. It has been proved that the optimization of this process has become possible thanks to the use of new learning technologies, in particular, integrative semantic mapping as a tool for verbalization of acquired knowledge, which allows consciously applying cognitively mastered information, competently verbalizing it in intercultural professional communication, preventing and eliminating possible communication failures.
Truthful Mechanisms for Two-Sided Markets via Prophet Inequalities
Authors: Braun Alexander , Kesselheim Thomas
Published: December 2022

We design novel mechanisms for welfare maximization in two-sided markets. That is, there are buyers willing to purchase items and sellers holding items initially, both acting rationally and strategically in order to maximize utility. Our mechanisms are designed based on a powerful correspondence between two-sided markets and prophet inequalities. They satisfy individual rationality, dominant-strategy incentive compatibility, and budget balance constraints and give constant factor approximations to the optimal social welfare. We improve previous results in several settings. Our main focus is on matroid double auctions. Here, sellers hold identical items, and the set of buyers that obtain an item needs to be independent in a matroid. We construct two mechanisms, the first being a 1/3 approximation of the optimal social welfare-satisfying strong budget balance and requiring the agents to trade in a customized order and the second being a 1/2 approximation weakly budget balanced and able to deal with online arrival determined by an adversary. In addition, we construct constant factor approximations in two-sided markets with identical items when buyers need to fulfill a knapsack constraint. Also, in combinatorial double auctions with heterogeneous items, where buyers have valuation functions over item bundles instead of being interested in only one item, using similar techniques, we design a mechanism that is a 1/2 approximation of the optimal social welfare, is strongly budget balanced, and can deal with the online arrival of agents in an adversarial order.

Funding: A. Braun was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 437739576].
Heavy-Traffic Universality of Redundancy Systems with Assignment Constraints
Authors: Cardinaels Ellen , Borst Sem , van Leeuwaarden Johan S. H.
Published: December 2022

Modern service systems, like cloud computing platforms or data center environments, commonly face a high degree of heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is not only caused by different server speeds but also, by binding task-server relations that must be taken into account when assigning incoming tasks. Unfortunately, there are hardly any theoretical performance guarantees as these systems do not fall within the typical supermarket modeling framework which heavily relies on strong symmetry and homogeneity assumptions. In “Heavy-traffic universality of redundancy systems with assignment constraints,” Cardinaels, Borst, and van Leeuwaarden provide insight in the performance of these systems operating under redundancy scheduling policies. Surprisingly, when experiencing high demand, these systems exhibit state space collapse and can achieve a similar level of resource pooling and performance as a fully flexible system, even subject to quite strict task-server constraints.
Seronegative Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome Finally Treated Successfully
Authors: Alghanim Khawla K , Alrayes Hezab A , Aljurbua Rayan M
Published: December 2022

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with a history suggestive of obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with recurrent miscarriages, preterm labour and intrauterine fetal death. During her last pregnancy, she was referred to the Rheumatology Clinic at King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Serology for connective tissue diseases and APS was negative on multiple occasions. During previous pregnancies, her obstetrician had initiated several trials of baby aspirin with and without prophylactic heparin, without success. We diagnosed her with seronegative obstetric APS (SN-APS). A specific regimen, consisting of combination therapy with baby aspirin, low-molecular-weight heparin, hydroxychloroquine (<5 mg/kg/day) and low-dose prednisolone, was attempted. She delivered a healthy baby even though it was born preterm at 30 weeks of gestation because of abruptio placentae. Obstetric SN-APS is rare and should be considered and, if the history is highly suggestive, treated similarly to seropositive obstetric APS to reduce mortality.
Physiology-informed maternity care
Authors: Warrington Carolyn
Published: December 2022

Carolyn Warrington discusses how improved understanding of the physiology behind birth can improve outcomes and experiences for mothers and birthing people
Midwifery and plant-based diets
Authors: Winter George F
Published: December 2022

George F Winter discusses the impact of the increasing prevalence of plant-based diets and a midwife's responsibility to provide evidence-based nutritional guidance for pregnant women
Clinical Efficacy of Coptidis Rhizoma for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park SongWon , Kim MinJee , Lim Seong-Woo
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine on Chemo -Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis.Methods: Electronic databases were used to search for studies published through 10 years until October 2022, and a randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of herbal medicine on chemo-radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Study quality was assessed using the Cochran’s risk bias tool.Results: Two-hundred and three articles were initially searched, and 11 studies (head and neck cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer etc. undergoing radio-chemotherapy were included in analysis. The effect of herbal medicine on chemo-radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, 9 studies reported that herbal medicine was more effective than the placebo group or conventional treatment. One study reported that the effect of the herbal compound treatment group was similar to that of the conventional herbal medicine, and one study reported that there was no difference in effect between the two herbal medicines and the group without treatment.Conclusion: This study suggests that herbal medicine effectively relieves the symptoms of chemo-radiotherapy -induced oral mucositis. However, there is limited evidence that herbal medicine may relief chemo-radiotherapy -induced oral mucositis, so further investigation is needed.
Managing Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations from the Korean Medicine Mental Health Center
Authors: Suh Hyo-Weon , Hong Sunggyu , Lee Hyun Woo , Yoon Seok-In , Lee Misun , Chung Sun-Yong , Kim Jong Woo
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The persistence and unpredictability of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and new measures to prevent direct medical intervention (e.g., social distancing and quarantine) have induced various psychological symptoms and disorders that require self-treatment approaches and integrative treatment interventions. To address these issues, the Korean Medicine Mental Health (KMMH) center developed a field manual by reviewing previous literature and preexisting manuals.Methods: The working group of the KMMH center conducted a keyword search in PubMed in June 2021 using “COVID-19” and “SARS-CoV-2”. Review articles were examined using the following filters: “review,” “systematic review,” and “meta-analysis.” We conducted a narrative review of the retrieved articles and extracted content relevant to previous manuals. We then created a treatment algorithm and recommendations by referring to the results of the review.Results: During the initial assessment, subjective symptom severity was measured using a numerical rating scale, and patients were classified as low- or moderate-high risk. Moderate-high-risk patients should be classified as having either a psychiatric emergency or significant psychiatric condition. The developed manual presents appropriate psychological support for each group based on the following dominant symptoms: tension, anxiety-dominant, anger-dominant, depression-dominant, and somatization.Conclusions: We identified the characteristics of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and developed a clinical mental health support manual in the field of Korean medicine. When symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for a mental disorder, doctors of Korean medicine can treat the patients according to the manual for the corresponding disorder.
Material removal characteristics and particle motions in abrasive water jet quantitative machining
Authors: Feng Dingyu , Cheng Yuntao , Xiao Junbai , Hu Guitao , Cao Zhongchen
Published: December 2022

Abrasive water jet quantitative machining (AWJQM) is a method that enables the production of lightweight mirrors. Investigating material removal characteristics and particle motions in AWJQM is necessary to understand its erosion mechanism and improve its processability. A material removal model based on computational fluid dynamics was established in this study by integrating the transition condition of the brittle–ductile mechanism and the single-particle erosion model. Quantitative machining experiments were carried out to verify the material removal model, and experimental data were consistent with the simulation results. Further simulation experiments were carried out to explore the particle distribution under different working pressures or slurry viscosities. Results showed that operating parameters affect the workpiece surface profile by changing the flow field distribution and particle behavior.
Real-time acquisition and enhancement of remote acoustic signals by a free-space monostatic homodyne laser Doppler vibrometer
Authors: Zhi Yanan , Zou Yu , Tian Kehan , Sun JianFeng
Published: December 2022

This paper systematically presents the design and performance of an extremely sensitive
1.55-µm free-space monostatic laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) using
optical homodyne detection for real-time acquisition and enhancement
of the remote acoustic signals. The phase shifts produced by laser
light scattered off a remote target carries the extremely tiny
vibration displacement information of the target’ surface motivated by
the acoustic source around and is demodulated using the optical
in-phase/quadrature demodulator. The real-time acquisitions of the
remote acoustic signals, including the sinusoidal signal and the
speech signal at the target distance of 100 m, is performed
between two buildings. The real-time speech enhancement of remote
speech signals is also carried out by the different algorithms based
on the short-time spectral magnitude, and the comprehensible speech
signals can be reconstructed. The results demonstrate that the
designed free-space monostatic homodyne LDV has a low system
background noise and can offer high precision for the uncooperative
targets in the real-time acquisition of the remote acoustic
signal.
Channel transformer U-Net: an automatic and effective skeleton extraction network for electronic speckle pattern interferometry
Authors: Li Biyuan , Li Zhuo , Zhang Jun , Sun Gaowei , Mei Jianqiang , Yan Jun
Published: December 2022

The fringe skeleton extraction method may be the most straightforward method for electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) phase extraction. Due to ESPI fringe patterns having the characteristics of high noise, low contrast, and different fringe shapes, it is very difficult to extract skeletons from ESPI fringe patterns with high accuracy. To deal with this problem, we propose a skeleton extraction method based on deep learning, called channel transformer U-Net, for directly extracting skeletons from noisy ESPI fringe patterns. In the proposed method, the advanced channel-wise cross fusion transformer module is integrated into the design of deep U-Net architecture, and a loss function by combining binary cross entropy loss and poly focal loss is proposed. In addition, a marking algorithm is proposed for phase extraction, which can realize automatic identification of a skeleton line. The effectiveness of the above proposed algorithms has been verified by computer-simulated and real-dynamic ESPI measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed channel transformer U-Net can obtain accurate, complete, and smooth skeletons in all cases. The accuracy of the skeleton extraction obtained by our proposed network can reach 0.9878, and the correlation coefficient value can reach 0.9905. The skeleton line automatic marking algorithm has strong universality.
Output characteristics of 3–8  µm mid-infrared source based on BaGa4Se7 crystal
Authors: Li Weifan , Cheng Naijun , Qi Feng , Yao Jiyong , Guo Liyuan , Liu Pengxiang
Published: December 2022

An optical parametric oscillator based on

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

crystal is constructed for use as a
3–8 µm mid-infrared source. The output
characteristics of the light source, including wavelength tuning, beam
quality, and energy stability, are studied, which are usually
concerned differently in spectral analysis, imaging, and laser
processing. When the light source operates far from the threshold, the
mid-infrared output is poor in beam quality and good in energy
stability, and the contradiction should be addressed in practice. The
results provide guidance on the selection of operating parameters and
performance optimization for the application of the

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a
G
a

4

S
e

7

based mid-infrared source in various
settings.
Noise properties of contactless integrated photonic probes on silicon waveguides
Authors: Wang Zhao , Zhang Ziyu , Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Liu Haiyi , Hu Xiaolong
Published: December 2022

Contactless integrated photonic probes (CLIPPs) have been used as on-chip power monitors with minimum perturbations to optical modes. In this work, we present the experimental measurements and analysis of the noise properties of these types of devices integrated with silicon waveguides. We focus on the study of how circuitry parameters, including the gain of the trans-impedance amplifier, lock-in bandwidth, and amplitude and frequency of the bias voltage, affect the noise properties. Finally, we establish a circuit model and use the Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis to model and simulate the noise properties of these devices. Our analysis shows that the thermal noise of the CLIPPs and electrical noise of the trans-impedance amplifier are the dominant sources of noise.
Mathematical model for time-resolved and frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy in biological tissues
Authors: Patterson Michael S. , Pogue Brian W.
Published: December 2022

Full-text article not available.
Three-dimensional imaging of objects embedded in turbid media with fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Jun , Perelman Wang , Itzkan Irvine , Dasari Ramachandra R. , Feld Michael S.
Published: December 2022

Full-text article not available.
Unidirectional mode selection in bistable quantum cascade ring lasers
Authors: Kacmoli Sara , Sivco Deborah L. , Gmachl Claire F.
Published: December 2022

Ideal ring resonators are characterized by travelling-wave counter-propagating modes, but in practice travelling waves can only be realized under unidirectional operation, which has proved elusive. Here, we have designed and fabricated a monolithic quantum cascade ring laser coupled to an active waveguide that allows for robust, deterministic and controllable unidirectional operation. Spontaneous emission injection through the active waveguide enables dynamical switching between the clockwise and counterclockwise states of the ring laser with as little as 1.6% modulation of the electrical input. We show that this behavior stems from a perturbation in the bistable dynamics of the ring laser. In addition to switching and bistability, our novel coupler design for quantum cascade ring lasers offers an efficient mechanism for outcoupling and light detection.
Gate-controlled silicon controlled rectifier with adjustable clamping voltage using a photoelectric mechanism
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Yujie , Zhong Zeyu , Jin Xiangliang , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Yang Jun
Published: December 2022

In order to flexibly control the voltage-clamping capability of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), this paper proposes a photoelectric gate-controlled SCR (PGCSCR). Equivalent circuits and technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations are used to analyze how the device works. The device has been validated by a standard 0.18 µm Bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process. The ES620-50 Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) test system was used to verify the impact of the photoelectric effect on the electro-static discharge (ESD) characteristics of the device. The test result shows that the clamping voltage at the holding point of the PGCSCR under the light-free condition is 4.308 V. When the optical power is 5 W/µm2 and the 450 nm wavelength spot is irradiated on the surface of the device, the clamping voltage at the holding point of the PGCSCR is reduced to 3.655 V. And by changing the wavelength of the incident light spot (600 nm), the clamping voltage (3.409 V) of the device changes. Finally, based on the avalanche multiplication effect and the photoelectric effect, the change in the clamping voltage of the device can be further explained. PGCSCR can flexibly adjust the clamping voltage of the device according to the ESD window requirements of the target chip without changing the structure and size, and is expected to be applied in the fields of integrated optical circuits, opto-coupling, and optical communication.
Quantitative quasi-distributed vibration sensing by φ-OFDR for multiple events over spatially consecutive sensing spatial resolutions
Authors: Meng Yinxia , Xie Weilin , Feng Yuxiang , Yang Jiang , Bai Yuanshuo , Yang Qiang , Wei Wei , Dong Yi
Published: December 2022

We report on a quantitative quasi-distributed vibration sensing (DVS) system enabled by phase-sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometry (φ-OFDR), which allows for multiple vibration events over consecutive spatial resolutions. To achieve effective crosstalk suppression and mitigation of the instability during the phase extraction, fiber with embedded ultra-weak grating arrays has been adopted as the sensing fiber. It exhibits a particularly customized low spatial duty cycle, that is, high ratio between the size of the gratings and their spacing and the spacing is additionally designed to match the integer multiple of the theoretical spatial resolution. In combination with a rectified frequency-modulated continuous-wave optical probe enabled by the optical phase-locked loop, it allows to achieve quantitative quasi-DVS for multiple events over consecutive sensing spatial resolution as high as ∼2.5 cm along the distance over ∼2200 m. The ability to simultaneously retrieve arbitrary multi-point vibration events over spatially consecutive sensing spatial resolutions with consistently linear response and sensitivity up to a few nano-strain level even at long distances has shown great potentials for the application of φ-OFDR from a practical point of view.
Metalens for generating multi-channel polarization-wavelength multiplexing metasurface holograms
Authors: Wang Xiaosai , Cui Ying , Ren Bin , Tang Shuai , Wu Jinlei , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate multi-channel metasurface holograms, where the pixels of holographic images are represented by the focal points of metalens, leading to the nanoscale resolution. The required phase profiles are implemented by elaborately arranging the hybrid all-dielectric meta-atoms with specific orientation angles. For verification, two-channel single-color images are reconstructed on the focal plane of the metalens by polarization control. Alternatively, three-channel color holograms are exhibited by manipulating the incident wavelengths. More uniquely, the metalens can be further engineered to generate polarization-wavelength multiplexing color holograms in six channels. Our work provides an effective approach to reconstructing holographic images and enables potential applications including color display, information engineering, and optical encryption.
Effects of interlayer reflection and interpixel interaction in diffractive optical neural networks
Authors: Lou Minhan , Li Yingjie , Yu Cunxi , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Gao Weilu
Published: December 2022

Multilayer diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) can perform machine learning (ML) tasks at the speed of light with low energy consumption. Decreasing the number of diffractive layers can reduce inevitable material and diffraction losses to improve system performance, and incorporating compact devices can reduce the system footprint. However, current analytical DONN models cannot accurately describe such physical systems. Here we show the ever-ignored effects of interlayer reflection and interpixel interaction on the deployment performance of DONNs through full-wave electromagnetic simulations and terahertz (THz) experiments. We demonstrate that the drop of handwritten digit classification accuracy due to reflection is negligible with conventional low-index THz polymer materials, while it can be substantial with high-index materials. We further show that one- and few-layer DONN systems can achieve high classification accuracy, but there is a trade-off between accuracy and model-system matching rate because of the fast-varying spatial distribution of optical responses in diffractive masks. Deep DONNs can break down such a trade-off because of reduced mask spatial complexity. Our results suggest that new accurate and trainable DONN models are needed to advance the development and deployment of compact DONN systems for sophisticated ML tasks.
Auger electron spectroscopy mapping of lithium niobate ferroelectric domains with nano-scale resolution
Authors: McLoughlin Torrey , Babbitt Wm. Randall , Nakagawa Wataru
Published: December 2022

The +/−Z ferroelectric domains in periodically poled lithium niobate are characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy. The -Z domains have a higher Auger O-KLL transition amplitude than the +Z domains. Based on this, Auger electron spectroscopy mapping can be used on the O-KLL peak to image the +/-Z domain structure. This new characterization technique is confirmed with HF etching, and compared to SEM imaging. Spatial resolution down to 68 nm is demonstrated.
Dynamics of 2nd quantized state laser oscillation in gain-switched quantum-well semiconductor lasers
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroyuki
Published: December 2022

The dynamics of second-quantized-state laser oscillation were investigated for semiconductor laser diodes with quantum-well structures inside. We found that the second-quantized state often dominates laser oscillation instead of the first-quantized state under intensive pulse excitation, while the DC bias superposition tends to suppress the second-quantized-state oscillation. The operation characteristics were studied in detail through experimental studies and numerical calculations.
Modeling the intra-urban nocturnal summertime air temperature fields at a daily basis in a city with complex topography
Authors: Burger Moritz , Gubler Moritz , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: December 2022

Detailed knowledge about the intra-urban air temperature variability within a city is crucial for the implementation of adaptation strategies to counteract the negative effects of urban heat stress. Various methods to model urban-rural temperature differences exist, but they often only cover certain periods (heatwave, hot day) or meteorological conditions (sunny and calm) due to computational limitations or limited data availability. Here, we present a land use regression approach to model nocturnal air temperature fields for every single night of the summers 2018 to 2020 in a city with complex terrain (Bern, Switzerland). Furthermore, we investigate the applicability of different model structures and straight-forward computable GIS variables to model cold air drainage, which exerts an important influence on the local-scale climate of cities with complex terrain. The geostatistical models are calibrated with in-situ data of a dense low cost air temperature measurement network and high resolution spatiotemporal (land use and meteorology) data, which are all publicly available. The resulting land use regression models are capable to model and map intra-urban air temperature differences with a good model performance (R2: 0.65–0.71; RMSE: 0.69–0.76 K). Evaluations with data from additional measurement stations and periods (summer 2021) show that the models are able to estimate different meteorological and spatial conditions, but that the representation of small-scale topographic features remains difficult. However, the comparatively low computational and financial effort needed to calculate nocturnal air temperature fields at daily basis enable new applications for cities with restricted resources for various areas of interest, such as urban planning (e.g. effect of heat mitigation policies) or heat risk management (e.g. analyze small-scale urban heat vulnerability).
Genetic analysis of activin/inhibin β subunits in zebrafish development and reproduction
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Zhai Yue , Geng Ruijing , Wu Kun , Song Weiyi , Ai Nana , Ge Wei
Published: December 2022

Activin and inhibin are both dimeric proteins sharing the same β subunits that belong to the TGF-β superfamily. They are well known for stimulating and inhibiting pituitary FSH secretion, respectively, in mammals. In addition, activin also acts as a mesoderm-inducing factor in frogs. However, their functions in development and reproduction of other species are poorly defined. In this study, we disrupted all three activin/inhibin β subunits (βAa, inhbaa; βAb, inhbab; and βB, inhbb) in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. The loss of βAa/b but not βB led to a high mortality rate in the post-hatching stage. Surprisingly, the expression of fshb but not lhb in the pituitary increased in the female βA mutant together with aromatase (cyp19a1a) in the ovary. The single mutant of βAa/b showed normal folliculogenesis in young females; however, their double mutant (inhbaa-/-;inhbab-/-) showed delayed follicle activation, granulosa cell hypertrophy, stromal cell accumulation and tissue fibrosis. The ovary of inhbaa-/- deteriorated progressively after 180 dpf with reduced fecundity and the folliculogenesis ceased completely around 540 dpf. In addition, tumor- or cyst-like tissues started to appear in the inhbaa-/- ovary after about one year. In contrast to females, activin βAa/b mutant males showed normal spermatogenesis and fertility. As for activin βB subunit, the inhbb-/- mutant exhibited normal folliculogenesis, spermatogenesis and fertility in both sexes; however, the fecundity of mutant females decreased dramatically at 270 dpf with accumulation of early follicles. In summary, the activin-inhibin system plays an indispensable role in fish reproduction, in particular folliculogenesis and ovarian homeostasis.
Actin remodeling mediates ROS production and JNK activation to drive apoptosis-induced proliferation
Authors: Farrell Luchi , Puig-Barbe Aleix , Haque Md. Iqramul , Amcheslavsky Alla , Yu Mengyuan , Bergmann Andreas , Fan Yun
Published: December 2022

Stress-induced cell death, mainly apoptosis, and its subsequent tissue repair is interlinked although our knowledge of this connection is still very limited. An intriguing finding is apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP), an evolutionary conserved mechanism employed by apoptotic cells to trigger compensatory proliferation of their neighboring cells. Studies using Drosophila as a model organism have revealed that apoptotic caspases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling play critical roles to activate AiP. For example, the initiator caspase Dronc, the caspase-9 ortholog in Drosophila, promotes activation of JNK leading to release of mitogenic signals and AiP. Recent studies further revealed that Dronc relocates to the cell cortex via Myo1D, an unconventional myosin, and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger AiP. During this process, ROS can attract hemocytes, the Drosophila macrophages, which further amplify JNK signaling cell non-autonomously. However, the intrinsic components connecting Dronc, ROS and JNK within the stressed signal-producing cells remain elusive. Here, we identified LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a kinase promoting cellular F-actin polymerization, as a novel regulator of AiP. F-actin accumulates in a Dronc-dependent manner in response to apoptotic stress. Suppression of F-actin polymerization in stressed cells by knocking down LIMK1 or expressing Cofilin, an inhibitor of F-actin elongation, blocks ROS production and JNK activation, hence AiP. Furthermore, Dronc and LIMK1 genetically interact. Co-expression of Dronc and LIMK1 drives F-actin accumulation, ROS production and JNK activation. Interestingly, these synergistic effects between Dronc and LIMK1 depend on Myo1D. Therefore, F-actin remodeling plays an important role mediating caspase-driven ROS production and JNK activation in the process of AiP.