bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Plyometric Exercise Terhadap Respiratory Rate Pada Pemain Bola Voli Universitas Mercu Buana
Authors: Condrowati Condrowati , Wibisono Heri
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Plyometric exercise merupakan latihan dasar  yang mempunyai karakteristik peregangan otot dan tendon kemudian segera diikuti oleh pemendekan. Latihan ini meningkatkan elastisitas muscle fiber dan jaringan penghubung sehingga dicapai tujuan untuk meningkatkan kecepatan, stabilitas, kekuatan, ketahanan kardiorespirasi, dan kelincahan. Plyometric exercise dapat juga mempengaruhi fungsi vital dalam tubuh, seperti respiratory rate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh plyometric exercise terhadap respiratory rate pada pemain bola voli Universitas Mercu Buana. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode one group pre-test-post-test design. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kelompok pemain bola voli yang memenuhi kriteria insklusi. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 16 pemain bola voli yang diberikan perlakukan plyometric exercise sebanyak sebanyak 3 kali/minggu selama 12 minggu dengan latihan selama 30 menit/pertemuan dengan teknik aerobik. Pengukuran respiratory rate dengan menghitung frekuensi nafas sampel dalam 1 menit. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji Wilcoxon, ada pengaruh plyometric exercise terhadap respiratory rate p=0.000 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh plyometric exercise terhadap respiratory rate pada pemain bola voli Universitas Mercu Buana.

 

Kata Kunci : Plyometric Exercise, Respiratory Rate, Bola Voli
Phoebe: The Woman Deacon And Patron In Romans 16:1-2
Authors: Aryanto Antonius Galih
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The name “Phoebe” probably is not too familiar in the study of the New Testament before 90’s. However, in the recent study of the role of woman in the Bible in connection with the patronage system in the Greco-Roman society, Phoebe has an important role because she helps Paul in his preparation for the mission to Rome. Paul calls her as a sister, deacon, and patron. This research argues that Phoebe has a role as a benefactor and deacon within the patron-client system in the Roman society. Paul asks her to carry his letter to Rome in order that Christian community in Rome may help him for the future mission to bring the Gospel to Spain.

 

Keywords: Phoebe, patronage, deacon, benefactor, and reciprocity.

 

Abstrak: Nama “Febe” mungkin tidak begitu familiar dalam studi Perjanjian Baru sebelum tahun 90-an. Namun, dalam studi belakangan ini tentang peran perempuaan dalam Alkitab dalam kaitannya dengan sistem patronasi dalam masyarakat Yunani-Romawi, Febe memiliki peran penting karena dia membantu Paulus dalam persiapan misinya ke Roma. Paul menyebutnya sebagai saudari, diakon, dan pelindung. Penelitian ini hendak menunjukkan bahwa Phoebe memiliki peran sebagai donatur dan diakon dalam sistem patron-klien dalam masyarakat Romawi. Paulus memintanya untuk membawa suratnya ke Roma agar komunitas Kristen di Roma dapat menolongnya berkenaan dengan misi di masa depan yaitu mewartakan Injil ke Spanyol.

 

Kata-kata kunci: Phoebe, patronage, deacon, donatur, dan timbal balik.
Diagnóstico e acompanhamento evolutivo dos meningiomas através da ressonância magnética
Authors: Pereira Raphael da Silva Fonseca , Carneiro Cristiene Costa , Quixabeira Valéria Bernadete Leite , Rocha Sobrinho Hermínio Maurício
Published: May 2021

Os meningiomas são tumores benignos intracranianos de evolução lenta que se originam nas meninges. Por serem assintomáticos, a maioria desses tumores, geralmente, são de difícil identificação. Entretanto, se não diagnosticados, podem comprimir vasos sanguíneos cerebrais levando ao óbito. A Ressonância Magnética (RM) é um método de imagem vital para o diagnóstico e caracterização desses tumores, particularmente importante para se estabelecer um plano de tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a importância da RM no diagnóstico e acompanhamento evolutivo dos meningiomas e na caracterização tissular, correlacionando os achados imagenológicos com análises histológicas do tumor. Este estudo constitui uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa. Os meningiomas são, geralmente, isointensos em T1 e T2, com variações ligadas à textura mais ou menos compacta ou hidratada do tecido, associados à presença de cistos, calcificações ou metaplasia adiposa. Podem provocar hiperostose, levando ao espessamento do osso afetado. Em imagens ponderadas em T1, pós contraste, os meningiomas, geralmente, aparecem com hipersinal homogêneo. A RM contribui, de forma promissora, para a detecção e caracterização dos meningiomas fornecendo dados prognósticos para o seu tratamento. Um diagnóstico preciso auxilia no acompanhamento evolutivo e pós cirúrgico. Em um período de 24 horas pós cirúrgico, a RM é capaz de identificar resíduos tumorais e recorrências tardias, comuns entre 10 a 20 anos depois da ressecção total do tumor.
KLASIFIKASI RASA BERDASARKAN CITRA BUAH MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK DENGAN TEKNIK IDENTITAS GANDA
Authors: Arum Refiani Pintan , Prasetiadi Agi , Ramdani Cepi
Published: May 2021

Identitas ganda yang merupakan hal yang wajar dijumpai di dunia nyata, misal transgender salah satunya. Dalam penelitian ini, membedakan buah yang memiliki jenis rasa yang lebih dari satu, seperti buah lemon mempunyai identitas ganda yaitu asam dan asin.  Untuk pengkategorisasian Deep Learning, biasanya populasi dataset training memiliki objek yang berbeda satu sama lain. Pada rasa yang terkandung dalam buah, bisa kita eksploitasi untuk melihat perilaku CNN dalam mengenali objek – objek yang memiliki identitas lebih dari satu. Adapun fase training dalam penelitian ini yaitu pada dua kategori rasa yang berbeda dengan sengaja dimasukkan beberapa citra buah yang sama ke dalam dua kategori ini. Akurasi dari pengkategorisasian ini kemudian dibandingkan dengan akurasi dari pengkategorisasian yang murni tidak terdapat objek kembar di tiap – tiap kategorinya. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan akurasi model ketika ada identitas ganda sebesar 95%, Adapun yang murni didapatkan sebesar 98%.Kata Kunci: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, CNN, Rasa, Buah
Applications of mindfulness in psychiatry
Authors: Jąderek Izabela , Lew-Starowicz Michał
Published: May 2021

Mindfulness-Based Therapies (MBT) are more and more frequently used in the treatment of mental disorders. In the paper the efficacy of meditation programs in the treatment of a variety of mental health problems in diverse adult and adolescent populations and psychological and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects were analysed. Intervention studies data supports the efficacy of mindfulness interventions in the treatment of depression, anxiety and addictive disorders. It is proved that mindfulness interventions affect emotion regulation, attention regulation, body awareness and perspective of the self. The effect of mindfulness based interventions in the treatment of mental disorders is supported by scientific rationale of its mechanism of action, and the treatment efficacy data is promising. However, further verification of mindfulness interventions efficacy through a greater number prospective, randomized, controlled clinical research trials is required.
The nature of ornaments in the decor system of Azerbaijani mosques
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Rəssamlıq Akademiyası magistrant, İlfat qızı Həmidova Həmayıl
Published: May 2021

As the vast majority of the population in Azerbaijan is Muslim, much attention is paid to the construction of new mosques and the preservation of ancient religious buildings. Considering the ornaments used in the artistic design of our mosques, we can note that the works of art created by the masters living in this area testify to their craftsmanship. The ornamental system used in the artistic design of mosques incorporates all external forms of our national culture and art. Despite the invasion and destruction of our country throughout history, our national ornaments have undergone certain changes, but have preserved their original form and enriched the artistic design of our mosques. Key words: Islam, architecture, ornament, decor, artistic design, praise, flora
FAKE NEWS AND PROPAGANDA AGAINST FREEDOM OF INFORMATION DURING THE NAGORNO-KARABAKH CONFLICT
Authors:   Baku State University master, Azer Aliyeva Asmar
Published: May 2021

Fake news and propaganda are a problem that the whole world is struggling to fight. In particular, it is very difficult for the states to control fake news disseminate on the Internet that harms the interests of the states. The measures taken by states in this area sometimes impede freedom of expression, which is one of the fundamental human rights, and in this connection, access to information. Although fake news and propaganda are used for distinctive purposes in different places, the article highlights the measures taken by Azerbaijan to combat politically motivated fake news and propaganda during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, their causes and consequences. Key words: freedom of expression on the Internet, freedom of information, fake news, propaganda, Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
THE MAIN ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE LEGISLATION OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Baku State University master, Ahad Mammadova Lala
Published: May 2021

In modern times, more than 15% of the world's population, that is, more than 1 million people are disabled, and 4% of them are diagnosed with acute disability. In the Republic of Azerbaijan, 6% of the total population, or 568,149 people, are disabled and people with disabilities. Experience shows that people with this disability also face a number of restrictions and obstacles in society. Restrictions or barriers to them eventually lead to poverty in the context of violations of education and labor rights, as well as the formation of psychological criteria. From this point of view, the adoption and implementation of international law on the protection of persons with disabilities is important. This article is devoted to the main aspects of the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in the legislation of Azerbaijan. After gaining independence and becoming a full-fledged subject of international law, the Republic of Azerbaijan protects and safeguards the rights of persons with disabilities, as well as their social security and social adaptation, ensuring the participation of persons with disabilities in various spheres of public life and preventing negative situations between them. Key words: disability, human rights, children with disabilities, discrimination, legislative acts
Organizational Aspects of tourism development in the European Union
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Ələskər qızı Hüseynova Ülviyyə
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to study the organizational aspects of tourism development within the European Union. And the main purpose of the study is to determine the role of organizations operating in this direction in the development of tourism, their activities in the field of tourism. There are many enterprises and organizations operating in the field of tourism in the world. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) conducts extensive research on global organizations, including aviation, travel, hotel management, food, and travel, which are key components of tourism. International tourism organizations are organizations that take important steps towards the development and sustainability of tourism without any profit, represent the organizations operating in the field of tourism, follow the rules in force and ensure their observance. Cooperation in the field of international tourism at the regional and international levels makes it necessary to pay more attention to this area today. In modern times, the most important direction of the service sector is international tourism. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate international tourism, which is regulated by many regional and international agencies and organizations. Key words: European Union, tourism, development, organization, cooperation, international
THE LEGAL REGULATION OF E-GOVERNMENT FORMATION
Authors:   Baku State University master, Elmar Hashimova Elmira
Published: May 2021

Analyzing the interaction between e-government and citizens in Azerbaijan, it is possible to observe large-scale socio-cultural changes in the lives of the population under the influence of the information society. Although the principles announced at the beginning of the e-government path were far from the real situation, later regulatory frameworks were established, multifunctional centers were established, various e-government regulations for development and implementation, integration of state information systems to develop and expand domestic and international cooperation. Involvement of the population in management processes and cooperation with the state with the help of information and communication technologies began to create a wide range of opportunities. The article examines the legal basis for the formation of e-government, reflects the status of e-government, e-signatures, e-services provided to citizens by the State Agency for Citizen Services and Social Innovations. Key words: e-signature, research concepts, decree, electronic document, state agency, state program, e-government portal
International legal framework for combating cybercrime
Authors:   Бакинский государственный университет магистрант, Имдат оглу Гасанов Ильгар
Published: May 2021

The article examines the relevance of cybercrime, their types and possible ways of their fulfillment, the peculiarities of cybercrime, as well as the international legal basis for the fight against this evil. Cyberspace crime is one of the most difficult problems that the international community has faced in recent years with the development of information and communication technologies. International coorperation in the fight against cybercrime is carried out in several directions and involves, first of all, the creation of regulations and the development of general recommendations, as well as the implementation of effective models of organizational interaction between states. Key words: cyberspace, cybercrime, international law, transnational crimes, Coucil of Europe, UN, Criminal Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan, criminal policy
COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS: APPROACH OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE
Authors:   Baku State University master, Dilqem Hajizade Fidan
Published: May 2021

The 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings is open for signature not only by Member States of the Council of Europe, but also non-members of the Council of Europe. This Convention is comprehensive treaty mainly focused on the protection of victims of trafficking in human beings and ensure of their rights. It also aims at preventing human trafficking as well as prosecuting perpetrators. The provisions of this Convention are applied to all forms of trafficking: both national and international trafficking and whether or not it is related to organized crime. The Convention protects the rights of women, men and children who have been subjected to any form of exploitation (sexual exploitation, forced labor, services, etc.). Moreover, the Convention provides an independent monitoring mechanism to control the implementation of the provisions of the Convention. Key words: Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, Council of Europe, GRETA, exploitation, implementation, victims of human trafficking
PREVENTION FOR INFRINGEMENT OF COASTAL STATES’ LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN THE CONTIGUOUS ZONE
Authors:   Baku State University  master, Janlar Huseynova Nurana
Published: May 2021

The modern contiguous zone is the result of the coming together of different kinds of claim to maritime jurisdiction definable in State practice. It is the most poorly understood and used international maritime zone. Article 33 of UNCLOS 1982 only controls regarding special jurisdiction for customs, taxation, immigration, and health or immiorality, while if it is related to Article 303 paragraph (2) permits the state to conduct its legal authority in the field of protection of underwater cultural heritage. Confusion about exactly what enforcement operations can lawfully be carrying out by coastal states against foreign ships in the zone has existed from its creation in 1958. Key words: contiguous zone, special jurisdiction, regulations, state’s control, custom, fiscal, immigration, sanitary
Comparative analysis of experience and legal basis on regulation of information systems: existing problems
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Teymur oğlu Məmmədov Emin
Published: May 2021

Information systems are one of the objects of public relations regulated by information-legal norms. An information system is a regulated set of information technologies and documents. The existence of an appropriate legal framework for the regulation of information systems is important. After gaining independence, one of the main goals and objectives of the state was to form an appropriate legislative framework in this area. The formation and development of information systems is one of the important components of national information policy. This article examines information systems, national legal practice in regulating information systems, comparative analysis of the legal framework as part of national information policy and current issues. Key words: information systems, regulation of information systems, information legislation, national information policy, national legal practice
SƏHLƏNKARLIQ CİNAYƏTİNİN AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI QANUNVERİCİLİYİNDƏ TƏSBİTİ VƏ ÖZÜNƏMƏXSUS XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Qurban qızı Süleymanova Aysel
Published: May 2021

The article describes how the crime of negligence is defined in our modern legislation and what its disposition is. Thus, as one of the crimes committed by officials, the act of negligence is independently established in Article 314. However, in the history of our legislation, there are differences in the legal definition of this act. The article clarifies what these differences are. Key words: negligence, official, dishonest and careless approach, indifference
INTERFERENSI BAHASA TAE TERHADAP BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Suparman NFN
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan interferensi penggunaan bahasa Tae terhadap penggunaan bahasa Indonesia masyarakat Kecamatan Masamba Kabupaten Luwu Utara. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian yang tergolong analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan bahasa Tae terhadap bahasa Indonesia dalam tataran morfologi yaitu proklitik dan enklitik, dan sumber data dari penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat Kecamatan Masamba (pasar sentral). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa interferensi bahasa daerah Luwu terhadap penggunaan bahasa Indonesia dalam berkomunikasi memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 Proklitik dan 8 enklitik yang digunakan masyarakat Kecamatan Masamba pada saat berkomunikasi diantaranya proklitik ta, na, nda, dan ma, dan enklitik mi, pi, ji, ki, ko, ka, ta, dan na. Proklitik dan enklitik ini sering digunakan masyarakat dalam berkomunikasi karena merupakan bahasa pertama bagi masyarakat Kecamatan Masamba.
PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR BUSINESS STRUCTURES UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNITED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPACE OF THE UNION STATE OF BELARUS AND RUSSIA FORMATION
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, SOKOLOV M. S. , MOROZOV I. V. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, PEREGUDOVA E. Yu. ,   Post-graduate student of the Department of Public Administration, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of problems and identification of main lines of government support for business entities in the context of the formation of the united research and technological space of the Union State of Belarus and Russia. In order to solve the identified problems of business entities’ development and cooperation, priority areas of government support for business structures in the Union State have been listed. For this purpose, identified features of the unified research and technological space of the Union State were taking into account.
CASH POOLING: CHOICE OF SERVICE BANK USING T. SAATI ANALYSIS METHOD
Authors:   graduate of Finance faculty, of St. Petersburg State Economic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, SHMAKOVA N. N.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of choosing a bank when organizing cash pooling in a holding company – one of the most important tasks, the solution of which helps to effectively manage cash flows. The method of hierarchy analysis (MAI) is proposed, its step-by-step implementation with the achievement of the set goal is demonstrated. The strengths and disadvantages of MAI are identified. It is concluded that the use of this method allows us to reasonably choose the best alternative to achieve the goal, taking into account a given number of criteria in conditions of uncertainty. The presented material is interesting not only for choosing a service bank, but also for solving other problems of choosing the best alternative, including in everyday life.
FINANCIAL TRAPS: EMPIRICAL EXPERIENCE, SIGNS AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   Student of the Faculty of Finance, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, LYSENKO A. A. , GUSAROVA L. V. ,   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of State Financial Control and Treasury, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The article highlights theoretical approaches to defining the category of “financial trap”. The directions of correlation of "financial traps" with the issues of the effectiveness of the activity of economic entities are analyzed. In this aspect, the issues related to the hypothesis about the efficiency of markets are considered. Financial traps related to different forms of efficient markets are systematized.
FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE
Authors:   Lecturer at the Department of Economic Policy and Public-Private Partnerships, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, KROTOVA T. G.
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the main trends in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and their implementation in The Post-Soviet space. Implementation of SDG in pro-Soviet space is discussed in more detail, including main problems. The main directions for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for countries of this region are proposed.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION WITH RECYCLING OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT WASTE IN VIETNAM
Authors:   Graduate student, Entrepreneurship and Logistics Department, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia, HUONG NGUYEN THI THU ,   lecturer University of transport technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, LARIN O. N. ,   Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Entrepreneurship and Logistics Department, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

Today, in world practice, a rapid increase in the rate of generation of household and industrial waste is noticeable, and Vietnam, as a developing country, this problem is especially tangible. With the development of industry and technology, one of the most problematic industries in terms of waste generation is the electrical and electronic equipment industry. The products of this industry are tightly integrated into all other sectors of human life, whether it is production (refrigeration equipment, machine tools, computers, monitors, communications, etc.) or everyday life (household appliances, mobile phones, game consoles, smart appliances, etc.). This article provides an analysis of the current situation with the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Vietnam, and provides recommendations for solving this problem.
INFORMATION SUPPORT AS A PROCESS OF FORMING MODERN IDEAS ABOUT NEW KNOWLEDGE, MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES
Authors:   Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation Moscow, Russia, MESHKOV E. P.
Published: May 2021

The article states that no matter how scientific and technological progress changes or accelerates, a person does not act in accordance with the information provided to him, but according to his worldview at the moment, education and personal characteristics, supported by information. The manifestation of creativity demonstrates a key role in the system of moral values and beliefs of a person who makes a deliberate decision. This takes a special place in the formation of information support. Taking a creative decision, a person always takes the next step in his development, constantly enriching the information sphere.
Unveiling Poverty in Interlock via the Key Words Semiotic Model
Authors:   IPG Kampus Bahasa Melayu Kuala Lumpur, Seetha Raman Raja Rajeswari
Published: May 2021

Literature, as a form of social expression, conveys meanings and portrays the ideology of the author through diction and symbols either verbally or in written form. Symbols and keywords repeated and given special attention in literary texts convey an author’s personal conceptualisation of particular concepts. The objective of this study is to explore Abdullah Hussain’s views on poverty in his novel Interlock by using the Keywords Semiotic Model. This model is formulated by integrating the Semiotic Theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, a 19th century American philosopher with the Keywords and Conceptual Theory introduced in 2005 by Mohamad Mokhtar Hassan, a Malaysian scholar. The analysis and findings reveal that three different categories of poverty, i.e., physical poverty, emotional poverty, and internal poverty are discussed by Abdullah Hussain in his novel. Of these three categories, it is physical poverty and internal poverty that are accorded the greatest importance by the author and these dominates his conceptualisation from the perspective of the Keywords Semiotic Model. In other words, keywords and symbols are used as an instrument to highlight the various faces of poverty experienced by the novel’s main characters who represent the three most populous races in Malaya: the Malays, the Chinese and the Indians. Extrinsic factors such as the author’s background, past experiences, observations, readings, ideology, vision and aspiration influenced his conceptualisation of poverty. Keywords: Interlock, poverty, conceptualisation, symbol, diction, keywords, Abdullah Hussain
Re-Visioning Women in Two Folktales by a Woman Narrator
Authors:   Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Taslim Noriah
Published: May 2021

The paper is an attempt to read two tales about women by a woman narrator with an underlying assumption that only a woman could possibly represent a more authentic female life, and thus her story about women would invariably repudiate other so-called “untrue” formulations about women. With that as a premise, the paper would proceed to unfold the re-imagining or rather the re-visioning of women in the two tales; and this would demand, so to speak, a more unconventional critical method of analysis (benefiting in many ways the feminist strategy of reading) to discover the technique and strategy of re- positioning the women characters in the two tales. The paper concludes with two rather uneasy propositions: the texts do give a refreshing presentation of female power in an environment of male hegemony, but the powerful women are not in any way a threat to the patriarchy; as a matter of fact, they help uphold the patriarchal order of things. Keywords: folk tales, re-visioning women character, female power, male hegemony, feminist reading strategy
Sacred Space Timeless Time: Reality and the Existence of Hang Tuah
Authors:   Wawasan Open University, Sinha Lalita
Published: May 2021

What is real? Perhaps it lies in the concrete and tangible evidence of the existence of a person, or the occurrence of a historical event (or the profane dimension of reality). Yet intangibles (or the sacred dimension of reality) such as what we believe and what we feel are equally valid bases of our reality. Focusing on possibilities about the existence of Hang Tuah, warrior par excellence of the Malay world, the essay addresses issues of reality and existence. Initially, definitions of what is “real” and “reality” are explicated. Subsequently, drawing on Mircea Eliade’s ideas on the sacred and profane dimensions and based on hermeneutical principles of interpretation, the discussion explores the possibility of the existence of Hang Tuah. The discussion moves from a literal understanding (the text), to the literary language of Hikayat Hang Tuah (the subtext), to metaphysical considerations (the metatext). The essay presents a viewpoint of a traditional Malay society which participates in a sacred universe. Using the secular view as counterpoint, the essay explores different dimensions of time and space in the spiritual reality of Hang Tuah. It concludes that in order to constitute a holistic view of reality, both the corporeal and the incorporeal dimensions are necessary. Keywords: Hang Tuah, Malay traditional worldview, myth, reality, sacred universe, spiritual viewpoint
In Search for Canon of Singapore Malay Poetry: Reflection on Nature, Race, Religion and Love
Authors:   Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Rahmat Hadijah
Published: May 2021

This paper discusses selected poems by three generations of Malay writers in Singapore from the first generation poets who received their vernicular education during British colonial period, before Malayan Independence in 1957; to second generation writers who received Malay education when Singapore was part of Malaysia, 1957-1965 who established their poems in 1970s; and the third generation writers who received bilingual education who began to make impacts when Singapore become a Republic in 1980s. These iconic poems embody the easthetic as well as the cultural and political values of Malay society. It is an early attempt to define and search for canon of Singapore Malay poetry. Keywords: literature, canon, poetry, Singapore, culture, identity, values
The Narrative Axis and Narrative Space of Jeriji Kasih: A Text Analysis Based on Genuine Literature Literature of Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Othman Shamsudin , Hassan@Zulkifli Muhammad Zarif
Published: May 2021

The change of literary texts for the subject of Malay Literature i n schools brings with it the hope that the text chosen is one of “quality” in order to successfully reach the aims of the National Education Policy. This article is an analysis of the novel Jeriji Kasih (The Confines of Love) which supposedly is written with “an interesting story-telling technique” and is said to be able to impart “knowledge” as well as to shape students into people conscious of goodness, truth and a refined character. The analysis is based on the locally- developed framework of Genuine Literature ( Persuratan Baru ) which aims to examine the extent to which both these claims are true. The main idea in Genuine Literature is the emphasis on “knowledge” as opposed to “narrative”. This analysis shows how the text shapes a “narrative axis” and comes together in a “narrative space”. The analysis of this text also shows that the “narrative space” has been occupied with the “contents of the narrative” through the manipulation of a number of elements such as character and plot. This analysis reveals that the “knowledge” claimed to be contained in this text diverges from the idea of “knowledge” as put forth by Genuine Literature. Keywords: Genuine Literature, narrative axis, narrative space, knowledge, narrative
Adolescent Knowledge Indexes in Detektif Indigo
Authors:   Universiti Malaya, Mohd Ali Tengku Intan Marlina , Ja’afar Salinah
Published: May 2021

Teenagers or adolescents today are more exposed to a variety of reading materials, whether produced by local or international publishers. Most of the novels revolve around the story of young love, friendship, family, school and natural life. Novels with a detective or investigation theme are also being produced to court young readers. The latter type of novels not only have their charm, but are also said to be able to hone young minds to think in-depth about current and global issues. Detektif Indigo ( Indigo Detectives ) is a novel in a series of detective novels written by Faisal Tehrani. It is about a group of youths calling themselves Detektif Indigo. The analysis will be using Peirce’s Theory of Semiotics (1965) focusing on knowledge indexes regarding Islam, international relations, social relations and science in the novel. There are many aspects of knowledge that can be extracted from this work in order to shape young minds. Keywords: Detektif Indigo, hero, heroism, heroic deeds, heroic age, ethnocentrism
Roar of the Lion in the Literary Jungles of Nusantara
Authors:   National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Rahmat Hadijah
Published: May 2021

This article highlights the connection between Malay literature in Singapore and the literature of Malaysia and other nations of Nusantara, the Malay world. It examines effects of the political separation of 9 August 1965 on Malay literature in Singapore. Has separation of almost 50 years truly severed ties between Malaysia and Singapore as far as Malay literature is concerned? Do Malay literary works reflect a divide between the cultures of Malaysia and Singapore? Is there still continuity in the spirit of a common origin? This article attempts to answer these questions through discussion on the developments in a shared literature before 1965, effects and themes of “separation” in the literary works, phases in the development of literature since 1965, as well as patterns of literary connection between Malaysia and Singapore. Keywords: Malay literature in Singapore, classical Malay literature, literary bonds, political separation, roar of the lion, jungles of Nusantara, spirit of common origin
The Secession of Singapore from Malaysia: a Historical Interpretation of the Novel Satu Bumi
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Sohaimi
Published: May 2021

History has often become the inspiration for writers, as it has for Isa Kamari in the case of his novel Satu Bumi ( One Earth ) (1998). What were the historical sources for this author, and how were they employed in his fiction? What was the author’s aim in fictonalizing these historical sources? These are the questions that receive attention in this paper. Using a historical approach and textual analysis, the historical facts found in the novel Satu Bumi and the author’s aims behind fictionalizing them are examined in this study. The study finds that the novel Satu Bumi is based on the history of Malaysia and Singapore, and fictionalizes the historical events using elements of romance and drama. However, even in this romantic and dramatic setting, the historical elements used do not merely serve to record the history of Malaysia and Singapore but are also employed to predict the future of the Malay community in Singapore. It is an alarming state due to the island state’s physical development and a political situation that could be deemed racist, apart from the attitude of the Malay community itself. Keywords: history, historical fiction, Malays, Singapore, Malaysia
At the Border: Malaysian Poets Dismantling Fences
Authors:   Professor Emeritus School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Salleh Muhammad Haji
Published: May 2021

The corpus of Malaysian literature representing Indonesia is quite large. From this corpus, the study chooses poetry as its genre. Applying the border aesthetics project of the Arctic University of Norway, it investigates how changing perceptions of borders relate to shifting practices of aesthetic evaluation. Two major poets who have lived and studied in Indonesia and returned are chosen. They are Baha Zain, who studied at Universitas Indonesia between 1970-1972, and Siti Zainon who studied in ASRI Jogja (1972-1974) and later lived and researched in Aceh. Both poets have written poems about Indonesia from fresh experiences or used these as vehicles into themselves. Their works were more dynamic, more thoughtful and benefitted from a comparative stance. Their language was enriched and became more colourful. Though what they experienced may be described as difficult, the final analysis, they portray themselves as friends of the country, since they participated and became part of its life and tragedies. They grew and matured with Indonesia. And it is through these many quite exceptional experiences that they interlinked the history, literatures, and writers of Indonesia and Malaysia . Keywords: Malaysian poet, border aesthetic, Baha Zain, Siti Zainon Ismail, Indonesia, Malaysia Abstrak Korpus sastera Malaysia yang memerikan Indonesia agak besar. Kajian ini memilih puisi sebagai fokusnya. Dengan mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip Projek Estetika Sempadan Universiti Artik Norway kajian ini meneliti persepsi sempadan yang berhubungan dengan perubahan amalan penulis terhadap nilai estetika yang digunakannya setelah menyeberangi sempadan sastera dan negara. Dua orang penyair terkenal Malaysia yang pernah tinggal dan belajar di Indonesia. Baha Zain (yang belajar di Universiti Indonesia (UI) antara 1970-1972) dan Siti Zainon yang belajar di ASRI Jogja (1972-1974) ialah tokoh paling sesuai untuk terokaan ini. Kedua-dua penyair ini menulis puisi tentang Indonesia berdasarkan pengalaman sebenar mereka di Jakarta, Jogjakarta dan juga kota-kota lain. Karya mereka dikesan sebagai dinamik, lebih banyak merenung keadaan dan dapat mengutip faedah, terutama dari sudut kompatatif. Bahasa mereka lebih kaya dan berwarna-warni daripada sebelumnya. Walaupun pengalaman mereka digambarkan sebagai sukar, namun negara ini amat akrab dengan diri mereka, dan mereka pun menjadi sebahagian daripada kehidupan dan tragedinya. Jelas mereka menjadi matang dengan Indonesia. Melalui pengalaman yang sangat berharga ini, dua orang penyair ini telah dapat menghubungkan sejarah, kesusasteraan, dan penulis antara Indonesia dengan Malaysia. Kata kunci: penyair Malaysia, estetik sempadan, Baha Zain, Siti Zainon Ismail, Indonesia, Malaysia
Ibrah and Tarbiyah: The Approaches to Learning and Teaching in Kuasa Kata dari Lisan Mengalir ke Lautan Aksara
Authors:   Malay Language Department, Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kamarudin Kamariah
Published: May 2021

The relationship between teaching and educating is significant in the impression of life. It is not merely a subject in the school syllabus, or components extracted from the process of reading a literature text. In fact, these two elements, ibrah (learning) and tarbiyah (teaching) according to the Islamic perspective have a more extensive meaning in order to build a stronger society. It is found that these elements, ibrah and tarbiyah , form a strong bond in developing the core values of life and society. Thus, this article is an explanation on the approaches of ibrah and tarbiyah in the memoir by Mahaya Md. Yassin titled Kuasa Kata dari Lisan Mengalir ke Lautan Aksara . This article describes the significance of the approaches of ibrah and tarbiyah in the literary work mentioned, in which the relationship between human beings with one another ( habl min al-Nas ) and the relationship of humans with The Creator ( habl min Allah ) are advocated. Based on this study, it is clear that the author includes four approaches of ibrah and tarbiyah in her writing, i.e. concerning family, career, work and leadership, to support her message. This study also shows that the memoir is a valuable form of information and a guide to learning and teaching for all concerned. Keywords: wasilah , ibrah , tarbiyah , literature text, memoir Abstrak Peri pentingnya hubungan antara pengajaran dengan pendidikan dalam relung kehidupan, bukan sekadar suatu bahan dalam mata pelajaran atau sukatan persekolahan, atau unsur yang diperoleh dalam teks kesusasteraan dalam proses pembacaan. Dua elemen ini, iaitu ibrah (pengajaran) dan tarbiah (pendidikan) dalam perspektif Islam mempunyai maksud yang lebih luas pengungkapannya bagi membangunkan keutuhan masyarakat. Didapati kedua-dua elemen ini, ibrah dan tarbiah sebagai satu paduan kukuh untuk membentuk nilai luhur dalam kehidupan dan kemasyarakatan. Oleh itu, makalah ini memperkatakan wasilah ibrah dan tarbiah dalam tulisan memoir Mahaya Md. Yassin, Kuasa Kata dari Lisan Mengalir ke Lautan Aksara. Makalah ini memperlihatkan kepentingan wasilah ibrah dan tarbiah dalam karya terbabit yang mengajukan hubungan manusia dengan manusia (habl min al-Nas) dan hubungan manusia dengan Yang Maha Pencipta (habl min Allah). Berdasarkan kajian jelas menunjukkan bahawa pengarang mengungkapkan empat wasilah ibrah dan tarbiah dalam tulisannya, iaitu dalam keluarga, kerjaya, karya dan kepimpinan sebagai sandaran perutusan yang bermanfaat buat khalayak pembaca. Kajian ini juga memperlihatkan bahawa buku memoir berguna sebagai panduan dan pedoman dalam menggalurkan ibrah dan tarbiah buat semua. Kata kunci: wasilah, ibrah, tarbiah, teks kesusasteraan, memoir
The Folk Wisdom of a Maritime Community in Selected Works by Arena Wati: A Study of an Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Che Mat Fatihah , Abdul Aziz Sohaimi
Published: May 2021

Arena Wati is a literary figure who was once a seaman before he became a writer. His many experiences as a seaman are recorded in his works. Much of the cultural heritage of Macassar’s maritime community known to Arena Wati has not been researched, including the folk wisdom that is typical of such a community. Folk wisdom is an example of intangible cultural heritage. This essay will discuss the folk wisdom of this maritime community, as portrayed by Arena Wati in the works studied. The method used for this study is textual analysis. The works relevant to this study are Arena Wati’s memoir entitled Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku and four of his novels: Pantai Harapan (Shores of Hope) (1990), Citra (Image) (1991), Sudara (Kin)(1994), Warna Sukma Usia Muda (The Colours of a Young Soul) (2005) and Rindu Aroma Padi Bunting (A Longing for the Fragrance of Ripe Paddy)(2012).This study finds that the maritime folk wisdom presented by Arena Wati can be categorized into four: that of seamen, for ship passengers, that of fishermen and that of coastal communities. Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, maritime communities, folk wisdom, Arena Wati Abstrak Arena Wati merupakan sasterawan yang pernah menjadi pelaut sebelum menjadi sasterawan. Banyak pengalamannya sebagai pelaut ditulis dalam karyanya. Banyak warisan budaya masyarakat maritim Makassar yang diketahui oleh Arena Wati belum dikaji termasuklah petua. Maka, esei ini akan membincangkan petua sebagai warisan budaya tidak ketara masyarakat maritim seperti yang diperlihatkan oleh Arena Wati dalam karya yang dikaji. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis tekstual untuk meneliti petua berkenaan. Antara karya yang digunakan ialah memoir Arena Wati yang bertajuk Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku (2010) dan enam buah novelnya iaitu Pantai Harapan (1990), Citra (1991), Sudara (1994), Warna Sukma Usia Muda (2005) dan Rindu Aroma Padi Bunting (2012). Kajian ini mendapati terdapat petua maritim yang ditampilkan oleh Arena Wati dapat dikategorikan kepada empat, iaitu pelaut, penumpang kapal, nelayan dan masyarakat pesisir pantai. Kata kunci: warisan budaya tidak ketara, masyarakat maritim, petua, Arena Wati
The History of "Tuan Seberang" (Tun Seri Lanang) Based on Aceh and Dutch Sources
Authors:   Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, Abdullah M. Adli , Arifin Azmi ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: May 2021

This study discusses the position of Tuan Seberang, a prominent figure of the Malay Peninsula, who was immensely influential in shaping the kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in the 17th century. His prominence was evident when the book of Aceh’s historiography, Ma Bain-as-Salatin , clearly showed the position of and role played by Tuan Seberang in the administration of this kingdom. However, to date, there are rarely historians who have actually examines the position and prominence of Tuan Seberang, either when he was in Aceh or in the Peninsula. To be sure, Tuan Seberang was a prominent figure who was highly respected by the Portuguese and Dutch because of his huge contribution to the administration of this kingdom during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641) and Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). In this study, the author examines the issue of who Tuan Seberang really was, the role he played, his contribution and his relationship with the rulers and Aceh’s political figures. Keywords: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin , Ma Bain- as-Salatin , The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam Abstrak Kajian ini membincangkan kedudukan Tuan Seberang, tokoh Melayu Semenanjung, yang sangat berpengaruh dalam perkembangan Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam pada kurun ke-17. Ketokohannya terbukti apabila karya historiografi Aceh, Ma Bain-as-Salatin dengan jelas memerihalkan kedudukan dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh Tuan Seberang dalam pentadbiran kerajaan itu. Namun sehingga kini, jarang terdapat ahli sejarah yang benar-benar meneliti kedudukan dan peranan Tuan Seberang secara khusus, sama ada semasa beliau berada di Aceh atau di Semenanjung. Padahal Tuan Seberang merupakan seorang tokoh terkemuka yang sangat dihormati oleh Portugis dan Belanda kerana sumbangan besarnya kepada pentadbiran kerajaan tersebut semasa pemerintahan Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636), Sultan Iskandar Thani (1636-1641 ) dan Sultan Safiatuddin Syah (1641-1675). Dalam kajian ini, penulis meneliti tentang persoalan siapa sebenarnya Tuan Seberang dalam sejarah Aceh, peranan dan sumbangannya serta hubungannya dengan para pemerintah dan tokoh politik Aceh. Kata kunci: Tuan Seberang, Tun Seri Lanang, Sulalat-us-Salatin, Ma Bain- as-Salatin, Kerajaan Aceh Darussalam