bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a New Group of Aliphatic Hydrazide Derivatives and the Correlations between Their Molecular Structure and Biological Activity
Authors: Kostecka Małgorzata
Published: March 2012

In view of the growing demand for new compounds showing biological activity against pathogenic microorganisms, such as pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi, the objective of this study was to synthesize a new group of aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of hydrazide. In consequence of the reactions observed during synthesis, the resulting compounds retained their linear structure. Their structure and lipophilicity, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were analyzed. Correlations were determined between the compounds’ molecular parameters and biological activity against Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum fungi. The investigated compounds were also examined for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. The obtained results indicate that compounds with fluorine-containing substituents penetrate the cell structure more effectively and are characterized by higher antifungal potential than analogues with different substituents.
Effects of a Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitor, Rosmarinic Acid, on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Chu Xiao , Ci Xinxin , He Jiakang , Jiang Lanxiang , Wei Miaomiao , Cao Qingjun , Guan Mingfeng , Xie Xianxing , Deng Xuming , He Jiakang
Published: March 2012

Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic phytochemical, is a natural prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor. In the present study, we found that RA exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects in in vivo models of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were pretreated with RA one hour before challenge with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg LPS. Twenty-four hours after LPS was given, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained to measure pro-inflammatory mediator and total cell counts. RA significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1β compare with the LPS group. When pretreated with RA (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio of the lung tissue and the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF were decreased significantly. Furthermore, RA may enhance oxidase dimutase (SOD) activity during the inflammatory response to LPS-induced ALI. And we further demonstrated that RA exerts anti-inflammation effect in vivo models of ALI through suppresses ERK/MAPK signaling in a dose dependent manner. These studies have important implications for RA administration as a potential treatment for ALI.
Gender Different Response to Immunonutrition in Liver Cirrhosis with Sepsis in Rats
Authors: Hwang Tsann-Long , Chen Chi-Yi
Published: March 2012

Females with sepsis have a better prognosis than males, while those of both genders with cirrhosis have a high mortality. Impaired immunity accompanies liver cirrhosis. The potential association between sex and immunologic response of cirrhotic rats in sepsis following immunonutrition was investigated. One hundred and forty-three rats were randomly divided into groups. Liver cirrhosis was produced by weekly feeding of CCl4 for 8 weeks. Among them, 24 male and 19 female underwent castration one month before studying. The rats were fed with either immune enhancing diet or control diet for five days, then sepsis was induced with cecal ligation and two holes puncture. Main outcomes included mortality and serum cytokines (IL-1β, 6, and 10). Comparisons were made both within and between genders. Cirrhotic non-castrated male rats showed a significant decrease in mortality (64.1% vs. 32.1%, p = 0.032) with better survival than control diet following immune enhancing diet. Lower mortality of cirrhotic non-castrated female rats was found after immune enhancing diet (69.6% vs. 52.1%, p = 0.365). Cirrhotic castrated male rats showed a lower mortality (44.4%) following immune enhancing diet, and cirrhotic castrated female rats also showed significantly lower mortality and better survival than control diet after immune enhancing diet (87.5% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.004). Plasma concentrations of IL-1β were higher in non-oophorectomized female rats fed with control diet compared to immune enhancing diet. Non-orchidectomized males and non-oophorectomized females exhibited similar increases in IL-10 after immune enhancing diet. Our results demonstrated that immunonutrition was more beneficial for male than female cirrhotic rats following sepsis. Though orchidectomy was not found to be more advantageous for the normal male rats in sepsis, immunonutrition seemed to be as important as sex hormone for female rats in sepsis.
Homecoming as a National Founding Myth: Jewish Identity and German Landscapes in Konrad Wolf’s I was Nineteen
Authors: Ashkenazi Ofer
Published: March 2012

Konrad Wolf was one of the most enigmatic intellectuals of East Germany. The son of the Jewish Communist playwright Friedrich Wolf and the brother of Markus Wolf—the head of the GDR’s Foreign Intelligence Agency—Konrad Wolf was exiled in Moscow during the Nazi era and returned to Germany as a Red Army soldier by the end of World War Two. This article examines Wolf’s 1968 autobiographical film I was Nineteen (Ich war Neunzehn), which narrates the final days of World War II—and the initial formation of postwar reality—from the point of view of an exiled German volunteer in the Soviet Army. In analyzing Wolf’s portrayals of the German landscape, I argue that he used the audio-visual clichés of Heimat-symbolism in order to undermine the sense of a homogenous and apolitical community commonly associated with this concept. Thrown out of their original contexts, his displaced Heimat images negotiate a sense of a heterogeneous community, which assumes multi-layered identities and highlights the shared ideology rather than the shared origins of the members of the national community. Reading Wolf from this perspective places him within a tradition of innovative Jewish intellectuals who turned Jewish sensibilities into a major part of modern German mainstream culture.
Spider-Venom Peptides as Bioinsecticides
Authors: Windley Monique J. , Herzig Volker , Dziemborowicz Sławomir A. , Hardy Margaret C. , King Glenn F. , Nicholson Graham M.
Published: March 2012

Over 10,000 arthropod species are currently considered to be pest organisms. They are estimated to contribute to the destruction of ~14% of the world’s annual crop production and transmit many pathogens. Presently, arthropod pests of agricultural and health significance are controlled predominantly through the use of chemical insecticides. Unfortunately, the widespread use of these agrochemicals has resulted in genetic selection pressure that has led to the development of insecticide-resistant arthropods, as well as concerns over human health and the environment. Bioinsecticides represent a new generation of insecticides that utilise organisms or their derivatives (e.g., transgenic plants, recombinant baculoviruses, toxin-fusion proteins and peptidomimetics) and show promise as environmentally-friendly alternatives to conventional agrochemicals. Spider-venom peptides are now being investigated as potential sources of bioinsecticides. With an estimated 100,000 species, spiders are one of the most successful arthropod predators. Their venom has proven to be a rich source of hyperstable insecticidal mini-proteins that cause insect paralysis or lethality through the modulation of ion channels, receptors and enzymes. Many newly characterized insecticidal spider toxins target novel sites in insects. Here we review the structure and pharmacology of these toxins and discuss the potential of this vast peptide library for the discovery of novel bioinsecticides.
La canción rodia de la golondrina y la cerámica de Tera
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Licinio Silvano, patrono de Badalona
Authors: D´Ors Álvaro
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Opimus y la llamada lex de spoliis opimis
Authors: Pariente Ángel
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
La estructura del Ayax de Sófocles
Authors: Lucas José María
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Ku-pa-ro en las tablillas de Cnoso
Authors: Melena José L.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Catullus 76
Authors: Bodoh John J.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre el enfrenamiento hombre/mujer. De los rituales a la literatura
Authors: Vilchez Mercedes
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Caracterización de los generas teatrales por los latinos
Authors: Pociña Pérez Andrés
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El prólogo en la tragedia de Sófocles
Authors: Lucas José María
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Munera quae assiforana appellantur
Authors: Piernavieja Pablo
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre Plotini Opera, III, de P. Henry y H.-R. Schwyzer
Authors: Igal J.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.

[lat] Auctor huiusce commentarioli ingens opus Plotini Opera edendi a P. Henry et H.-R. Schwyzer olim susceptum ac nunc tandem ad finem feliciter allatum laudibus cumulat atque occasionem nanctus uariis adhibitis remediis mutando transponendo expungendo supplendo riteque interpungendo Enneadum textum in melius reddere conatur.
Archilochus in Pindar Pithian 2
Authors: Rankin H. D.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Reconstrucción del Erecteo de Eurípides (continuación)
Authors: Martínez Díez Alfonso
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Micénico, dialectos paramicénicos y aqueo épico
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Mic. ka-ru-ti-je-ja-o y gr. kαλάθιον
Authors: Bernabé Pajares Alberto
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Nota crítica a Antiq. IV 118 de Flavio Josefo
Authors: Piñero Sáenz Antonio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Los versos de Prudencio sobre el emperador Juliano
Authors: Arce J.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El «tempo» narrativo de la Cena Trimalchioinis
Authors: Segura Ramos Bartolomé
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El comparativo en las antiguas versiones latinas del Génesis
Authors: García de la Fuente Olegario
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Cyathus, una breve nota etimológica
Authors: Otón Sobrino Enrique
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre PMichael. 39,9-15 [Vp?]
Authors: O’Callaghan José
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Aportaciones al estudio léxico del latín de los cristianos
Authors: Lorenzo Juan
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
The duration of the censorship of Vespasian and Titus
Authors: Houston George W.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Three problems in Theocritus XXII
Authors: White Heather
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
La creación de los dialectos griegos del primer milenio
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Algunas notas sobre el texto de los Heraclidas de Eurípides
Authors: López Férez Juan Antonio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Más sobre «Vurovius, divinidad de la Bureba»
Authors: Albertos María Lourdes
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El latín de las inscripciones cántabras
Authors: Sánchez Salor E. , Iglesias Gil J. M.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Los Días de Hesíodo: estructura formal y análisis de contenido
Authors: Pérez Jiménez Aurelio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
La vocalización de las sonantes indoeuropeas en griego
Authors: Bernabé Pajares Alberto
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sincronía y diacronía: ejemplificación con las oclusivas sonoras aspiradas indoeuropeas en griego y latín
Authors: Díaz Tejera A.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Aproximación a los procedimientos de ilación narrativa en los historiadores latinos
Authors: Luque Moreno J.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre la interpretación del símil de Dafnis y Cloe II 15, 3
Authors: Brioso Sánchez Máximo
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
La categoría «número» en palabras no numerativas del latín clásico
Authors: Sánchez Salor Eustaquio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Consideraciones sobre el texto de la Hécuba de Eurípides
Authors: López Férez Juan Antonio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Prolegómenos al estudio de la fábula en época helenística
Authors: Adrados Francisco R.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre la transmisión textual de Longo
Authors: Romero Francisco
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El término auctor en Cicerón
Authors: Hinojo Andrés Gregorio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
El superlativo en la Biblia latina
Authors: García de la Fuente Olegario
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Las fuentes de las lecturas de A. Policiano en la editio princeps de Paladio
Authors: Moure Casas Ana María
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Ueber indogermanische Gerundiva, Gerundia und Absolutiva
Authors: Schmidt Gernot
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Unas notas críticas al texto de Paciano de Barcelona
Authors: Anglada Ángel
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Cicero, Ad Fam. XIII 6, 2.3
Authors: Böhm Richard Gregor
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Sobre los compuestos nominales latinos con prefijo de valor intensivo (I)
Authors: Pariente Ángel
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
En torno a ne- como primer elemento de una serie de vocablos con sentido negativo
Authors: Brea Mercedes
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Notas sobre Juvenal II 36-63
Authors: Del Castillo Arcadio , Arias Abellán C.
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Algunos problemas de historia de la lengua latina
Authors: Tovar Antonio
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Los distributivos singulares en latín
Authors: Mariner Bigorra Sebastián
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Contexto escénico del Eunuchus terenciano
Authors: Pociña Andrés , López Aurora
Published: March 2012

No disponible.
Museología subalterna (sobre las ruinas de Moctezuma II)
Authors: Morales Moreno Luis Gerardo
Published: March 2012

«Museología subalterna» combina la mirada del historiador con el espacio de las observaciones museográficas o expográficas con el propósito de acercar al lector a una síntesis sobre los museos de México. Hacemos una museología histórica porque intentamos una «historización » de las diferentes modernidadesde la sociabilidad y la mirada públicas en territorios extra-europeos. Optamos por un posicionamiento crítico con relación a las hegemonías europeas que produjeron la invención de la observación museográfica con una cauda diversificada de diseños, arquitecturas, tecnologías e ideas sociales y educativas. De esta manera, comprendemos el museo como un espacio de la diferencia y la representación, que hace posible una concepción genealógica de la discontinuidad. La transferencia europea de la cultura de los museos en América no fue una mera reproducción, sino que recreó modalidades y prácticas genuinas. Por esto, denominamos nuestro ensayo «museología subalterna» porque hay países postcoloniales con representaciones significativas como la creación de una cultura moderna de la ancestralidad que, en el caso de México, propició la formación de un Estado Nación con una gran legitimidad simbólica.
Acumulação primitiva: um processo atuante na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Lencioni Sandra
Published: March 2012

Com a hegemonia da reprodução social capitalista, a acumulação primitiva é interpretada ora como sendo um fato do passado, ora como um processo que perdura até hoje.  Nosso ponto de vista é de que a acumulação primitiva historicamente não desapareceu, sendo, inclusive, um importante componente da sociedade contemporânea. Nela, os processos capitalistas de acumulação primitiva e de reprodução do capital coexistem e se complementam de forma contraditória e dialética. O primeiro, o processo de acumulação primitiva está relacionado à espoliação e à produção de um capital novo, enquanto que o segundo, o de reprodução do capital está relacionado à exploração e tem como ponto de partida um capital já constituído. A diferença entre os termos espoliação e exploração é apresentada, bem como a posição de Harvey sob essa polêmica, se constituindo nas discussões que constituindo a primeira parte do texto. Na segunda parte se discute que a acumulação primitiva dos dias atuais repete a fraude, o roubo e a violência que estiveram presentes no momento da gênese do capitalismo. Embora o mundo pareça ter mudado, com tanto avanço técnico e tantas leis acerca dos direitos humanos, não mudou muito, pois persistem práticas de fraude, roubo e violência como expedientes de produção de capital. Vários exemplos de rapinagem dos recursos naturais são dados, incluindo-se aí a biopirataria. Também é destacada a escravidão por dívida, como uma forma violenta de espoliação, uma forma de acumulação primitiva de capital em que o trabalhador livre, pelos mecanismos de sujeição ao qual está submetido, perde sua liberdade. O roubo de terras se constitui num outro exemplo de acumulação primitiva dessa sociedade contemporânea. Afirma-se que todas as formas de espoliação são produtoras de dinheiro e produtoras de capital em potencial e que o capital financeiro é que constrói, em especial, o elo entre acumulação primitiva e reprodução do capital na sociedade contemporânea.
La métropolisation parisienne : particularités et généralités
Authors: Alves Glória da Anunciação
Published: March 2012

Parler du phénomène métropolitain aujourd’hui, en plein xxie siècle, suppose que l’on aille au-delà des phénomènes de croissance et de multiplication qui sont en général constants dans les grandes agglomérations urbaines. La métropolisation de l’espace est un processus qui peut également se caractériser aujourd’hui par la discontinuité territoriale qui articule les villes à partir de méthodes de production, grâce à l’existence de réseaux (techniques et informationnels) permettant de relier les espaces non continus. Selon Lencioni (2003), la zone d’influence et les articulations de la métropole instaurent une limite à cela.Mais discuter de la métropolisation, c’est aussi aller au-delà de la croissance et de la multiplication des agglomérations et des richesses. C’est essayer de comprendre la contradiction présente dans cette relation et dans les lieux qui configurent la métropole traditionnelle, c’est-à-dire, sa continuité territoriale. C’est aussi étudier l’accroissement de la pauvreté et de la distinction sociale et spatiale. Avec l’expansion métropolitaine naissent, avec ou sans l’aval des pouvoirs publics, des zones périphériques qui sont nécessaires pour la croissance de la richesse métropolitaine.La question du phénomène métropolitain se pose aujourd’hui d’un point de vue institutionnel. Le projet « Grand Paris » propose d’agir pour promouvoir l’institutionnalisation d’une future métropolisation parisienne qui, selon l’État, est nécessaire pour que Paris continue à faire partie des métropoles internationales attirant des investissements au niveau mondial.Mais que signifie institutionnaliser la métropole ? C’est d’une part, mettre officiellement en pratique un projet national de compétitivité internationale (à l’échelle mondiale) et de l’autre, c’est braquer les projecteurs sur les conflits et les rapports Paris-banlieues (à l’échelle locale et régionale).Cet article propose une réfléxion sur la métropolisation parisienne et les transformations socio-spatiales qui en découlent, en démontrant de quelle manière le discours sur la mixité sociale est utilisé pour justifier la ségrégation socio-spatiale.
Impact des coopératives féminines sur la préservation et la valorisation de l’arganeraie : cas de la coopérative Tafyoucht (confédération des Ait Baamrane, Anti-Atlas, Maroc)
Authors: Faouzi Hassan
Published: March 2012

L'arganier (Argania spinosa) est un arbre qui pousse principalement au Maroc. Les arganeraies occupent environ 800 000 hectares au sud-ouest du pays. Dans ces zones semi-arides et arides, 1,3 million de personnes sont concernées par l’exploitation de systèmes agroforestiers traditionnels reposant sur l’arganier. L'aire de l’arganier se dégrade d’année en année sous l’effet conjugué de la croissance démographique et du surpâturage. En moins d'un siècle, plus d'un tiers de la forêt a disparu. Depuis une quinzaine d’années, des efforts sont déployés pour définir les conditions d’un développement véritablement durable. L’huile d’argan, est certainement la production sur laquelle pourrait reposer un projet de développement socio-économique. Les populations concernées et les autorités locales ont pris conscience de l’ampleur du problème que représente le développement de l’arganeraie et de sa valeur socioculturelle et économique et de la nécessité d’agir. Cela s’est traduit par la création de coopératives associant l’amélioration de l’extraction et de la commercialisation de l’huile au bénéfice des femmes et la préservation de cette ressource ainsi que la lutte contre la désertification.
Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber, geógrafo brasileiro
Authors: Théry Hervé , Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: March 2012

Na ocasião do falecimento de Aziz Nacib Ab’Saber faz-se uma retrospectiva da sua carreira científica. Ela foi marcada por significativa produção científica no campo da Geografia Fisica, particularmente os estudos da paisagem e da geomorfologia. No campo da conservação da Natureza Aziz foi um pioneiro, e tornou-se um îcone dos movimentos ambientais, pela qualidade das análises e pela firmeza na defesa das posições que julgava justas.
Semaphorin 4A Exerts a Proangiogenic Effect by Enhancing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Meda Claudia , Molla Fabiola , De Pizzol Maria , Regano Donatella , Maione Federica , Capano Stefania , Locati Massimo , Mantovani Alberto , Latini Roberto , Bussolino Federico , Giraudo Enrico
Published: March 2012

The axon guidance cues semaphorins (Semas) and their receptors plexins have been shown to regulate both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Sema4A plays an important role in the immune system by inducing T cell activation, but to date, the role of Sema4A in regulating the function of macrophages during the angiogenic and inflammatory processes remains unclear. In this study, we show that macrophage activation by TLR ligands LPS and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid induced a time-dependent increase of Sema4A and its receptors PlexinB2 and PlexinD1. Moreover, in a thioglycollate-induced peritonitis mouse model, Sema4A was detected in circulating Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and peritoneal macrophages. Acting via PlexinD1, exogenous Sema4A strongly increased macrophage migration. Of note, Sema4A-activated PlexinD1 enhanced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, but not of inflammatory chemokines. Sema4A-stimulated macrophages were able to activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and the PI3K/serine/threonine kinase Akt pathway in endothelial cells and to sustain their migration and in vivo angiogenesis. Remarkably, in an in vivo cardiac ischemia/reperfusion mouse model, Sema4A was highly expressed in macrophages recruited at the injured area. We conclude that Sema4A activates a specialized and restricted genetic program in macrophages able to sustain angiogenesis and participates in their recruitment and activation in inflammatory injuries.
Understanding the formulation variables of orodispersible tablets containing simvastatin solid dispersion using Box-Behnken design
Authors: Abd Elbary Ahmed , Ibrahim Howida K. , Hazaa Balquees S.
Published: March 2012

Simvastatin is a well established oral antihypercholesterolemic agent. This study aimed to formulate simvastatin as orodispersible tablets. The drug was incorporated as a solid dispersion using Pluronic® F68 as carrier. Croscarmellose Na was used as superdisintegrant, microcrystalline cellulose as filler, PVP K-30 as binder and 1:1 magnesium stearate/talc mixture as lubricant. Box- Behnken design was adapted to explore the main and interaction effects of three independent formulation variables on the prepared tablets, namely superdisintegrant concentration (X1), lubricant mixture concentration (X2), and binder concentration (X3). A total of 13 tablet formulations were fabricated in addition, to two replicates of the center point to assess variability and experimental error. The selected dependant variables were the in vitro and in vivo disintegration times, dissolution rate at 4 min, and dissolution efficiency after 30 min. Wetting time, drug content, hardness and friability were also evaluated. Tablet formula, composing of 12% superdisintegrant, 2% lubricant mixture and 3% binder, showed the highest dissolution rate with an acceptable disintegration time (43 sec), hardness, and friability and was chosen as the best formula. An accelerated stability study was conducted for 6 months at 40°C/75% RH. Results showed no significant changes in any of the tested parameters.
Staff satisfaction in the functionalisation of psychiatric in-patient care
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab , Singh Surendra P. , Tungaraza Tongeji E. , Roy Susmit , O'Brien Maxine , Cooper Debbie , Regmi Shishir
Published: March 2012

In many UK mental health services, in-patient psychiatric care is being separated from community care by having dedicated in-patient medical team. We evaluated staff satisfaction in this functionalised in-patient care. A survey was conducted amongst multidiscipli-nary staff from various teams using a questionnaire survey. On an average 14.3% of staff returned a satisfactory response for function-alisation, 57.3% had unsatisfactory response and others were undecided or perceived no change. There was no difference in responses amongst age, gender and professional groups. Mean scores of all groups were within unsatisfactory domain; however community staff compared to in-patient staff and staff with more than 5 years of experience compared to those with 1-5 years of experience returned significantly more unsatisfactory responses regarding functionalisation. Many positive and negative aspects of functionalisation were raised. The results of this evaluation suggest the need for further studies on the effectiveness of in-patient functionalisation. Short and long term clinical outcomes and the satisfaction of the patients should also be studied.
Distribution of coliform bacteria in waste water
Authors: Bohra Dau Lal , Modasiya Vikas , Bahura Chandan Kumar
Published: March 2012

Biological activity of water can be apparently judged by the colonization of bacteria (microbes). In order to find out the extent of pollution and the relationship between inorganic matters and microbiota, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of bacteria in various types of sewage waters, namely sewage water by the residential colonies (group I), industrial waste water (group II), sewage treatment hub (group III), unorganized collected waste water (group IV) and old residential waste collection center (group V), of Bikaner city (Rajasthan, India) was carried out from February, 2010 to May, 2010. Water samples were taken from surface only owing to low depth and investigated for various abiotic factors (viz. transparency, pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, total alkalinity, total hardness, salinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, nitrate, silica, and inorganic phosphorous) and biotic factors (viz. number and diversity of bacteria). The domestic sewage water causes major water borne diseases basing upon Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and coliform Count (CC). The coliform count in the present study ranged from 2.5 to 5.12 MPN/mL. Comparision of microbial population in sewage water from all different Groups was done and the higher values of TBC and CC were recorded only in Sewage treatement hub (Group III).
Working with boundaries in systems psychodynamic consulting
Authors: Struwig Henk , Cilliers Frans
Published: March 2012

Orientation: The researcher described the systems psychodynamics of boundary management in organisations. The data showed how effective boundary management leads to good holding environments that, in turn, lead to containing difficult emotions.Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to produce a set of theoretical assumptions about organisational boundaries and boundary management in organisations and, from these, to develop a set of hypotheses as a thinking framework for practising consulting psychologists when they work with boundaries from a systems psychodynamic stance.Motivation for the study: The researcher used the belief that organisational boundaries reflect the essence of organisations. Consulting to boundary managers could facilitate a deep understanding of organisational dynamics.Research design, approach and method: The researcher followed a case study design. He used systems psychodynamic discourse analysis. It led to six working hypotheses.Main findings: The primary task of boundary management is to hold the polarities of integration and differentiation and not allow the system to become fragmented or overly integrated. Boundary management is a primary task and an ongoing activity of entire organisations.Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should work actively at effective boundary management and at balancing integration and differentiation. Leaders should become aware of how effective boundary management leads to good holding environments that, in turn, lead to containing difficult emotions in organisations.Contribution/value-add: The researcher provided a boundary-consulting framework in order to assist consultants to balance the conceptual with the practical when they consult.
Imaging Techniques in Endodontics: An Overview
Authors: Deepak B. S. , Subash T. S. , Narmatha V. J. , Anamika T. , Snehil T. K. , Nandini D. B.
Published: March 2012

This review provides an overview of the relevance of imaging techniques such as, computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, and ultrasound, to endodontic practice. Many limitations of the conventional radiographic techniques have been overcome by the newer methods. Advantages and disadvantages of various imaging techniques in endodontic practice are also discussed.
Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of T- and NK-Cell Lymphomas in European Russia
Authors: Vinogradova Yulia E. , Kaplanskaya Irina B. , Samoilova Rimma S. , Vorobiev Ivan A. , Zingerman Boris V. , Sidorova Yulia V. , Shklovskiy-Kordi Nikita E. , Aitova Lilija G. , Maryin Dmitri C. , Morris John C. , Varticovski Lyuba , Vorobiev Andrei I.
Published: March 2012

With the introduction of the revised World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues in 2001, many patients had to be re-evaluated for the correct diagnosis of T- and NK-cell lymphomas. Because some T-cell malignancies are associated with poor outcome, it is important to identify subsets of patients that may benefit from novel or more intensive therapies. The purpose of this study was to determine, for the first time, the relative frequencies, pathological features and outcomes of patients with T- and NK-cell lymphomas in a predominantly Russian Slavic population. We identified 291 patients with a diagnosis of T- and NK-cell malignancies treated at our Center between 2000-2008. In applying the revised WHO classification, we confirmed the diagnosis and had complete clinical follow up and pathological information on 264 cases that were included in the analysis. We found some differences in frequency of several subsets as compared with previously published reports, including younger age of onset and relatively higher incidence of T-LGL in our patients. We also confirm that intensive treatment regimens of advanced stage PTCL and ALK—ALCL led to considerable improvement in response rates, but not in the overall survival.
2D study of wind forces around multiple cooling towers using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Irtaza H , Ahmad S , Pandey T
Published: March 2012

A comprehensive numerical study for the determination of wind pressure coefficients on multiple cooling towers by simulating turbulence using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) models of Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques (CFD) such as, Standard k −ε , RNG k −ε , Realizable k −ε and Reynolds stress method were done. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective and reliable approach for evaluation of wind force on cooling towers (in interference) using the above turbulence models. The computed results on isolated and in single interference configurations of cooling towers were compared with the wind-tunnel tests data from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India for Krishnapatnam thermal power plant in Andhra Pradesh, India, so as to ascertain the accuracy of the available turbulence model. It was found through comparison that the pressure coefficients obtained using RNG k −ε turbulence model is in good agreement on the windward face of the cooling tower and has the advantage of providing rapid solutions. These results were also corroborated using recommendations of Bureau of Indian Standards Code IS: 11504-1985and IS 4998: Part 1: 1992. After validating the numerical results with the wind-tunnel data above, a pure numerical study were done on three and five cooling towers (in interference) of same geometric configuration placed staggerly at different wind incidence angle. It was found that the property of approaching wind flow mainly influences the mean pressure coefficients on the cooling towers and the incident turbulence intensity profile has a significant effect on the fluctuating wind forces. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly simulate both the incident wind velocity and turbulence intensity in CFD to accurately predict the wind force. The recommended turbulence modeling techniques and associated numerical treatments provide an effective way for the designer to access wind effects on cooling towers.
Investigation and validation of optimal cutting parameters for least surface roughness in EN24 with response surface method
Authors: Suresh Babu V , Sriram Kumar S , Murali RV , Madhava Rao M
Published: March 2012

Amongst the most critical quality measures that define the product quality surface roughness plays a vital role. This paper has attempted in developing an empirical second order model for the predicting the surface roughness in machining EN24 alloy steel using Response Surface Method. The experiments were conducted by varying cutting speeds, feed rates, and depths of cut in Kirloskar-Turnmaster 35, under dry cutting condition. The set response variable namely the surface roughness was measured using Surftest Mitutoyo as per Japanese standards. The cutting parameters were analyzed and optimized using Box Behnken procedure in the DESIGN EXPERT environment. The effect of process parameters with the output variable were predicted which indicates that the highest cutting speed has significant role in producing least surface roughness followed by feed and depth of cut. The optimized parameters are verified and validated through a validation experiment, which concurs with the predicted optimal value in the design of experiment and also inline to the previous researches.
Integer goal programming approach for finding a compromise allocation of repairable components
Authors: Ali I , Raghav YS , Bari A
Published: March 2012

The selection problem of repairable components for a system is a kind of reliability optimization problem and is often treated as a single objective problem with the goal of maximizing the system reliability (or minimizing either time or cost spent on repairing the component). In the present paper, we formulated the selection problem of repairable components for a parallelseries system as a multi-objective optimization problem and have discussed two different models. In the first model, the reliability of subsystems are considered as different objectives. In second model the cost and time spent on repairing the components are considered as two different objectives. Selective maintenance operation is used to select the repairable components and a multi-objective goal programming algorithm is proposed to obtain compromise selection of repairable components for the two models under some given constraints. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure.
Effect of cross section on collapse load in pipe bends subjected to in-plane closing moment
Authors: Michael TC , Veerappan AR , Shanmugam SS
Published: March 2012

A comparison between pipe bends with assumed cross sections, namely elliptic and semi oval to include ovality along with wall thinning, was performed to determine the plastic collapse load under in-plane closing bending moment using finite element limit analysis based on an elastic-perfectly plastic material considering geometric nonlinearity. Twice-elastic-slope method was used to obtain collapse load from the moment-rotation curve drawn for each pipe bend model considered. The effect of ovality on collapse load is significant and higher for elliptic cross sections for almost all cases while the thinning effect is negligible for both the cross sections. The study concludes that the use of elliptic cross section is suitable for analyzing pipe bend with ovality. Therefore, a closed-form solution is proposed to determine collapse load of pipe bend based on the finite element results of elliptic cross sections.
Compensation for unmatched uncertainty with adaptive RBF network
Authors: Wang SW , Yu DW , Yu DL
Published: March 2012

Robust control for nonlinear uncertain systems has been solved for matched uncertainty but has not been completely solved yet for unmatched uncertainty. This paper developed a new method in which an adaptive radial basis function neural network is used to compensate for the effects of unmatched uncertainty in the framework of integral sliding mode control. The stability of the whole system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The adaptation algorithm of the network is also derived by the Lyapunov function so that its convergence is also guaranteed. A numerical example is used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Improvement against existing methods is also demonstrated.
A-train CALIOP and MLS observations of early winter Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and nitric acid in 2008
Authors: Lambert A. , Santee M. L. , Wu D. L. , Chae J. H.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A-train Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations are used to investigate the development of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) and the gas-phase nitric acid distribution in the early 2008 Antarctic winter. Observational evidence of gravity-wave activity is provided by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiances and infrared spectroscopic detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in PSCs is obtained from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation System (GEOS-5 DAS) analyses are used to derive Lagrangian trajectories and to determine temperature-time histories of air parcels. We use CALIOP backscatter and depolarization measurements to classify PSCs and the MLS measurements to determine the corresponding gas-phase HNO3 as a function of temperature. For liquid PSCs the uptake of HNO3 follows the theoretical equilibrium curve for supercooled ternary solutions (STS), but at temperatures about 1 K lower as determined from GEOS-5. In the presence of solid phase PSCs, above the ice frost-point, the HNO3 depletion occurs over a wider range of temperatures (+2 to −7 K) distributed about the NAT equilibrium curve. Rapid gas-phase HNO3 depletion is first seen by MLS from from 23–25 May 2008, consisting of a decrease in the volume mixing ratio from 14 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) to 7 ppbv on the 46–32 hPa (hectopascal) pressure levels and accompanied by a 2–3 ppbv increase by renitrification at the 68 hPa pressure level. The observed region of depleted HNO3 is substantially smaller than the region bounded by the NAT existence temperature threshold. Temperature-time histories of air parcels demonstrate that the depletion is more clearly correlated with prior exposure to temperatures a few kelvin above the frost-point. From the combined data we infer the presence of large-size NAT particles with effective radii >5–7 μm and low NAT number densities <1 × 10−3 cm−3. This denitrification event is observed close to the pole in the Antarctic vortex before synoptic temperatures first fall below the ice frost point and before the widespread occurrence of large-scale NAT PSCs. An episode of mountain wave activity detected by AIRS on 28 May 2008 led to wave-ice formation in the rapid cooling phases over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Mountains, seeding an outbreak of NAT PSCs that were detected by CALIOP and MIPAS. The NAT clouds formed at altitudes of 18–26 km in a polar freezing belt and appear to be composed of relatively small particles with estimated effective radii of around 1 μm and high NAT number densities >0.2 cm−3. This NAT outbreak is similar to an event previously reported from MIPAS observations in mid-June 2003.
Dimethylamine and ammonia measurements with ion chromatography during the CLOUD4 campaign
Authors: Praplan A. P. , Bianchi F. , Dommen J. , Baltensperger U.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The CLOUD project investigates the influence of galactic cosmic rays on the nucleation of new particles in an environmental chamber at CERN. Ion chromatography was utilised together with a sampling device developed for CLOUD in order to measure ammonia (NH3) and dimethylamine (DMA) at low pptv levels. Sampling was performed by dissolving the gaseous NH3 and DMA, which were protonated and retained on trace cation concentrator columns as ammonium and dimethylaminium with an efficiency well above 95%. The sampling time varied between 70 and 210 min. A longer sampling time allowed a decrease of the detection limit for each species down to the sub-pptv level. NH3 mixing ratios reported were initially high du to an unintentional injection of NH3. They then recovered to background levels around 10 pptv, with no further injection of NH3. DMA was injected intentionally to reach atmospherically relevant levels away from sources (up to 60 pptv) in order to study its effect on nucleation with sulphuric acid and water at 278 K.
Novel water source for endolithic life in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert
Authors: Wierzchos J. , Davila A. F. , Sánchez-Almazo I. M. , Hajnos M. , Swieboda R. , Ascaso C.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile, is possibly the driest and most abiotic place on Earth, yet endolithic microorganisms thrive inside halite pinnacles that are part of ancient salt flats. The existence of this microbial community in an environment that excludes any other life forms suggests biological adaptation to high salinity and desiccation stress, and indicates an alternative source of water for life other than rainfall, fog or dew. Here we show that halite endoliths obtain liquid water through spontaneous capillary condensation at relative humidity (RH) much lower than the deliquescence RH of NaCl. We describe how this condensation occurs inside nano-pores smaller than 100 nm, in a newly identified halite phase that is intimately associated with the endolithic aggregates. This nano-porous phase helps retain liquid water for long periods of time by preventing its evaporation even in conditions of utmost dryness. Our results explain how life has colonized and adapted to one of the most extreme environments on our planet, expanding the water activity envelope for life on Earth, and broadening the spectrum of possible habitats for life beyond our planet.
Precipitation extremes in the wettest Mediterranean region (Krivošije) and associated atmospheric circulation types
Authors: Ducić V. , Luković J. , Burić D. , Stanojević G. , Mustafić S.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse indices of extreme precipitation in Krivošije, Montenegro, the wettest Mediterranean region, from the period 1951–2007 and their relationships with atmospheric circulation using "SynopVis Grosswetterlagen" (SVG) series. Data from two stations were analysed, namely Crkvice (42°34'N and 18°39'E) and Herceg Novi (42°27'N and 18°31'E). Four indices of precipitation extremes (SDII, R75p, R95p, R95pTOT) were assessed including number of dry days. The results suggest that the number of days with precipitation decreased. To analyse the relationship between extreme precipitation events and circulation types we have used an efficiency coefficient (Ec). Regarding relation to atmospheric circulation, westerly, southwesterly and northwesterly circulation types with anticyclonic features over Central Europe are more frequent for dry days (days with R<1.0 mm) and northerly, easterly and southerly types for wet and very wet days (R75p and R95p indices). The types with cyclonic condition over Central Europe show a large proportion of wet and very wet days. Also, activity of Genoa cyclogenesis and orographic influence over a small area are the main reasons for the high precipitation amounts recorded in the Krivošije region (Crkvice).
Sensitivity of fire weather index to different reanalysis products in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Bedia J. , Herrera S. , Gutiérrez J. M. , Zavala G. , Urbieta I. R. , Moreno J. M.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Wildfires are a major concern on the Iberian Peninsula, and the establishment of effective prevention and early warning systems are crucial to reduce impacts and losses. Fire weather indices are daily indicators of fire danger based upon meteorological information. However, their application in many studies is conditioned to the availability of sufficiently large climatological time series over extensive geographical areas and of sufficient quality. Furthermore, wind and relative humidity, important for the calculation of fire spread and fuel flammability parameters, are relatively scarce data. For these reasons, different reanalysis products are often used for the calculation of surrogate fire danger indices, although the agreement with those derived from observations remains as an open question to be addressed. In this study, we analyze this problem focusing on the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) – and the associated Seasonal Severity Rating (SSR) – and considering three different reanalysis products of varying resolutions on the Iberian Peninsula: NCEP, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim. Besides the inter-comparison of the resulting FWI/SSR values, we also study their correspondence with observational data from 7 weather stations in Spain and their sensitivity to the input parameters (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity). As a general result, ERA-Interim reproduces the observed FWI magnitudes with better accuracy than NCEP, with lower/higher correlations in the coast/inland locations. For instance, ERA-Interim summer correlations are above 0.5 in inland locations – where higher FWI magnitudes are attained – whereas the corresponding values for NCEP are below this threshold. Nevertheless, departures from the observed distributions are generally found in all reanalysis, with a general tendency to underestimation, more pronounced in the case of NCEP. In spite of these limitations, ERA-Interim may still be useful for the identification of extreme fire danger events. (e.g. those above the 90th percentile value) and for the definition of danger levels/classes (with level thresholds adapted to the observed/reanalysis distributions).