bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community Participatory Learning and Action Cycle Groups to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (DClare): Study Protocol for a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: King Carina , Pires Malini , Ahmed Naveed , Akter Kohenour , Kuddus Abdul , Copas Andrew , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Morrison Joanna , Nahar Tasmin , Shaha Sanjit Kumer , Khan AK Azad , Azad Kishwar , Fottrell Edward
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAn estimated 463 million people globally have diabetes, with the prevalence growing in low-and middle-income settings, such as Bangladesh. Given the need for context appropriate interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the “Diabetes: Community-led Awareness, Response and Evaluation” (D:Clare) trial will rigorously evaluate the replication and scale-up of a participatory learning and action (PLA) cycle intervention in Bangladesh, to inform policy on population-level T2DM prevention and control. MethodsThis is a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial, with integrated process and economic evaluations, conducted from March 2020 – September 2022. The trial will evaluate a community-based four-phase PLA cycle intervention focused on prevention and control of T2DM implemented over 18-months, against a control of usual care. Twelve clusters will be randomly allocated (1:1) to implement the intervention at project month 1 or 12. The intervention will be evaluated through three cross-sectional surveys at months 1, 12 and 24. The trial will be conducted in Alfadanga upazila, Faridpur district, with an estimated population of 120,000. Clusters are defined as administrative geographical areas, with approximately equal populations. Each of the six unions in Alfadanga will be divided into two clusters, forming 12 clusters in total. Given the risk of inter-cluster contamination, evaluation surveys will exclude villages in border areas. Participants will be randomly sampled, independently for each survey, from a population census conducted in January 2020. The primary outcome is the combined prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia and T2DM, measured through fasting and 2-hour post glucose load blood tests. A total of 4680 participants provides 84% power to detect a 30% reduction in the primary outcome, assuming a baseline of 30% and ICC of 0.07. Analysis will be by intention-to-treat, comparing intervention and control periods across all clusters, adjusting for geographical clustering. DiscussionThis study will provide further evidence of effectiveness for community-based PLA to prevent T2DM at scale in a rural Bangladesh setting. However, we encountered several challenges in applying the step-wedged design to our research context, with particular consideration given to balancing seasonality, timing and number of steps and estimation of partial versus full effect. Trial registrationISRCTN42219712 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN42219712). Registration date: 31/10/2019.
Age at menarche, age at natural menopause and risk of rheumatoid arthritis – a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Niu Zheng , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Padyukov Leonid , Jiang Xia
Published: February 2021

Background Hormonal reproductive factors have been suggested to play an important role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting primarily women. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study examining three relevant exposures, age at menarche (AAM), age at natural menopause (ANM) and age at first birth (AFB) with the risk of RA.Methods We collected summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS conducted in AAM (N=329,345), ANM (N=69,360), AFB (N=251,151) and RA (Ncase=14,361, Ncontrol=43,923), all of European ancestry. We constructed strong instruments using hundreds of exposure-associated genetic variants and estimated causal relationship through different MR approaches including an inverse-variance weighted method, an MR-Egger regression and a weighted-median method. We conducted a multivariable MR to control for pleiotropic effect acting in particular through obesity and socioeconomic status. We also performed important sensitivity analyses to verify model assumptions.Results We did not find any evidence in support for a causal association between genetically predicted reproductive factors and risk of RA (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.06 [0.98-1.15]; ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.05 [0.98-1.11], OR per-SD increment in AFB=0.85 [0.65-1.10]). Results remained consistent after removing palindromic SNPs (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.06 [0.97-1.15], ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.05 [0.98-1.13], ORper-SD increment in AFB=0.81 [0.61-1.07]) or excluding SNPs associated with potential confounding traits (ORper-SD increment in AAM=1.03 [0.94-1.12], ORper-SD increment in ANM=1.04 [0.95-1.14]). No outlying instrument was identified through the leave-one-out analysis.Conclusions Our MR study does not convincingly support a casual effect of reproductive factors, as reflected by age at menarche, age at menopause and age at first birth, on the development of RA. Despite the largely augmented set of instruments we used, these instruments only explained a modest proportion of phenotypic variance of exposures. Our knowledge regarding this topic is still insufficient and future studies with larger sample size should be designed to replicate or dispute our findings.
A VISITA DE FRITZ HABER AO BRASIL
Authors: Nascimento Cássius , Braga João
Published: February 2021

FRITZ HABER VISIT TO BRAZIL. Fritz Haber was awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for the ammonia synthesis from its gaseous components. This work was fundamental to stop starvation around the world. On the opposite, his engagement to produce chemical weapons during the First World War is also an important fact in the life of this scientist. This polemic scientist visited Brazil in 1923, carrying out a project to extract gold from the sea. The present work tries to recover the historical fact behind the visit of this scientist to Brazil.
Deeper Insight in Metastatic Cancer Progression; Epithelial-to- Mesenchymal Transition and Genomic Instability: Implications on Treatment Resistance
Authors: Omabe Kenneth , Uduituma Sandra , Igwe David , Omabe Maxwell
Published: February 2021

Therapy resistance remains the major obstacle to successful cancer
treatment. Epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition [EMT], a cellular reprogramming
process involved in embryogenesis and organ development and regulated by a number
of transcriptional factors [EMT-TFs] such as ZEB1/2, is recognized for its role in tumor
progression and metastasis. Recently, a growing body of evidence has implicated EMT
in cancer therapy resistance, but the actual mechanism that underlies this finding has
remained elusive. For example, whether it is, the EMT states in itself or the EMT-TFs
that modulate chemo or radio-resistance in cancer is still contentious. Here, we
summarise the molecular mechanisms of the EMT program and chemotherapeutic
resistance in cancer with specific reference to DNA damage response [DDR]. We
provide an insight into the molecular interactions that exist between EMT program and
DNA repair machinery in cancer and how this interaction influences therapeutic
response. We review conflicting studies linking EMT and drug resistance via the DNA
damage repair axis. We draw scientific evidence demonstrating how several molecular
signalling, including EMT-TFs, work in operational harmony to induce EMT and confer
stemness properties on the EMT-susceptible cells. We highlight the role of enhanced
DNA damage repair system associated with EMT-derived stem cell-like states in
promoting therapy resistance and suggest a multi-targeting modality in combating
cancer treatment resistance.
Box-Behnken Design Optimized TPGS Coated Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded with Anastrozole
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Singh Ajit , Flora S.J.S. , Shukla Rahul
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

In this study, a novel D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)
modified bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed for delivery of Anastrozole
(ANZ) which is optimized by Box-Behnken design (BBD). Fabricated TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs
were evaluated for their physicochemical and drug release characteristics.

Methods:

TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs were prepared by desolvation thermal gelation method and the effects
of critical process parameter (CPP) which are BSA amount, TPGS concentration and stirring
speed on the critical quality attributes (CQA) such as % drug loading (%DL) and particle size were
studied using BBD. TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques
including UV-Visible and FTIR is used to confirm the entrapment of ANZ in BSA. DSC
and PXRD revealed the amorphization of ANZ in the TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs after freeze drying.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for the surface morphology analyses
NPs. In vitro release studies were performed at pH 5.5 and pH 7.4 for 48h to mimic tumour microenvironment.

Results:

The BBD optimized TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs showed 107 nm particle size with %DL 8.5±
0.5%. The spectroscopic and thermal characterizations revealed the successful encapsulation of
ANZ inside the NPs. The TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs were found to exhibit burst release at pH 5.5 and
sustained release at pH 7.4. The short-term stability displayed no significant changes in physical
properties TPGS-ANZ-BSA NPs at room temperature for a period one month.

Conclusion:

The BBD optimized TPGS-ANZ-BSA nanoparticles showed enhanced physiochemical
properties for ANZ and potential candidates for anticancer agent drugs delivery.
Simple Way for Ag-NPs Preparation based on Starch Macromolecule
Authors: Fahmy H.M. , Aly A.A. , Abou-Okeil A.
Published: February 2021

:

Finding a sustainable, inexpensive way for Ag-NPs synthesis is considered as one of the most important requirements for industrial application. Oxidized starch was prepared using sodium periodate. Oxidized starch (DAS) was characterized by measuring aldehyde content and using FTIR spectroscopy. DAS was used as reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Factors that may affect the preparation of Ag-NPs include pH, AgNO3/DAS molar ratio, temperature and time were studied. UV-Vis. spectroscopy and particle size analysis showed that DAS can act as reducing and stabilizing agent for the preparation of Ag-NPs and the mean particle size was 19 nm. The so prepared AgNPs were used as antibacterial agent for cotton fabric using the pad dry cure method. The results of antibacterial test showed that the presence of Ag-NPs enhanced the antibacterial properties of the treated cotton fabrics.
Novel Applications for Invasive and Non-invasive Tools in the Era of Contemporary
Percutaneous Coronary Revascularisation
Authors: Alkhalil Mohammad
Published: February 2021

:

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an expanding treatment option for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It is considered the default strategy for unstable presentation of CAD. PCI techniques have evolved over the last 4 decades with significant improvements in stent design, increase in functional assessment of coronary lesions, and the use of intra-vascular imaging. Nonetheless, the morbidity and mortality related to CAD remain significant. Advances in technology have allowed better understanding of the nature andprogression of CAD. New tools are now available that reflect the pathophysiological changes at the level of the myocardium and coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Certain changes within the plaque would render it more prone to rupture leading to acute vascular events. These changes are potentially detected using novel tools invasively, such near infra-red spectroscopy, or non-invasively using T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)and18F-Sodium Fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Similarly, changes at the level of the injured myocardium are feasibly assessed invasively using index microcirculatory resistance or non-invasively using T1 mapping CMR. Importantly, these changes could be detected immediately with the opportunity to tailor treatment to those considered at high risk. Concurrently, novel therapeutic options have demonstrated promising results in reducingfuture cardiovascular risks in patients with CAD. This Review article will discuss the role of these novel tools and their applicability in employing mechanical and pharmacological treatment to mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with CAD.
Beta-Caryophyllene, a CB2R Selective Agonist, Protects Against Cognitive Impairment Caused by Neuro-inflammation and Not in Dementia Due to Ageing Induced by Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Kanojia Urja , Chaturbhuj Shrikant Gyaneshwar , Sankhe Runali , Das Maushami , Surubhotla Raviteja , Krishnadas Nandakumar , Gourishetti Karthik , Nayak Pawan Ganesh , Kishore Anoop
Published: February 2021

Background:

Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder majorly evidenced by cognitive
impairment. Although there are many types of dementia, the common underlying etiological factors
in all the types are neuro-inflammation or aging induced apoptosis. β-caryophyllene, a cannabinoid
type-2 receptor agonist, has been reported to have promising neuroprotective effects in cerebral
ischemia and neuro-inflammation.

Objective:

In the present study, we evaluated the effects of β-caryophyllene against animal models
of dementia whose etiology mimicked neuro-inflammation and aging.

Methods:

Two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) of β-caryophyllene given orally were tested
against AlCl3-induced dementia in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using the Morris water maze
test. Subsequently, the effect of the drug was assessed for episodic memory in female SD rats using
novel object recognition task in doxorubicin-induced neuro-inflammation and chemobrain model.
Moreover, its effects were evaluated in D-galactose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction leading to
dementia.

Results:

β-caryophyllene, at both doses, showed significant improvement in memory when assessed
using parameters like target quadrant entries, escape latency and path efficiency in the Morris
water maze test for spatial memory. In the doxorubicin-induced chemobrain model, β-caryophyllene
at 100 mg/kg significantly elevated acetylcholinesterase and catalase levels and lowered lipid
peroxidation compared to the disease control. In the novel object recognition task, β-caryophyllene
at 100 mg/kg significantly improved recognition index and discrimination index in the treated animals
compared to the disease control, with a significant increase in catalase and a decrease in lipid
peroxidation in both hippocampus and frontal cortex. However, in the D-galactose-induced mitochondrial
dysfunction model, β-caryophyllene failed to show positive effects when spatial memory
was assessed. It also failed to improve D-galactose-induced diminished mitochondrial complex I
and II activities.

Conclusion:

Hence, we conclude that β-caryophyllene at 100 mg/kg protects against dementia induced
by neuro-inflammation with no effect on neuronal aging induced by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Формирование многомасштабной структуры при ударном нагружении твердого тела
Authors: Мещеряков Ю.И. , Жигачева Н.И. , Коновалов Г.В. , Диваков А.К. , Морозов В.А.
Published: February 2021

С целью изучения процессов многомасштабного структурообразования вдали от термодинамического равновесия проведена серия экспериментов по ударному нагружению мишеней из алюминиевых сплавов импульсами наносекундной длительности, инициируемыми метательной установкой и импульсным электронным пучком. В обоих случаях в приконтактной области ударного нагружения выявлены крупномасштабные структуры мезоскопического уровня, размеры которых с увеличением толщины мишеней уменьшаются, в то время как материал мишени становится однородным. Переход к однородной структуре в алюминии 1565 происходит при толщине мишени 2.2 mm, одновременно изменяется макроскопический отклик (откольная прочность) материала на ударное нагружение. Ключевые слова: ударное нагружение, многомасштабная структура.
Подложки с алмазным теплоотводом для эпитаксиального роста GaN
Authors: Майборода И.О. , Черных И.А. , Седов В.С. , Алтахов А.С. , Андреев А.А. , Грищенко Ю.В. , Колобкова Е.М. , Мартьянов А.К. , Конов В.И. , Занавескин М.Л.
Published: February 2021

Silicon wafers with a polycrystalline diamond heat sink were fabricated; silicon and diamond layers were 300 nm and 250 µm thick, respectively. The thermal conductivity of the diamond was 1290 ± 190 W / m • K. Nitride heterostructures with a two-dimensional electron gas on silicon substrates with a polycrystalline diamond heat sink were grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy. Carrier mobility in two-dimensional electron gas and sheet resistance were 1400 cm2 /V•s of 300 Ω/□, respectively.
Синтез "нулей" в диаграмме направленности частотно-независимой антенной решетки
Authors: Ерохин А.А.
Published: February 2021

A method for radiation pattern nulling of a frequency-invariant antenna array is proposed in the paper. Numerical experiments are carried out to determine the characteristics of the proposed method, a comparison is made with the existing wideband beamspace method.
Исследование динамики выходной оптической мощности полупроводниковых лазеров (1070 nm) с маломодовым латеральным волноводом мезаполосковой конструкции при сверхвысоких токах накачки
Authors: Шашкин И.С. , Лешко А.Ю. , Шамахов В.В. , Романович Д.Н. , Капитонов В.А. , Бахвалов К.В. , Слипченко С.О. , Пихтин Н.А. , Копьев П.С.
Published: February 2021

At ultrahigh levels of pulsed current pumping, the characteristics of semiconductor lasers based on an asymmetric heterostructure with a broadened lateral waveguide of a mesa-stripe design are studied. A peak power of 5.1 W is demonstrated at a pump current amplitude of 10 A. Three types of spatial dynamics of laser radiation are determined: the first one is a slow (~ 200 ns) intensity profile variation along the lateral near field at initial level of pump currents; the second one is a presence of fast (~ 10 ns) processes of mode competition at moderate pump currents; the third one is a chaotic temporal behavior of the output power at maximum pump currents.
Экспериментальное исследование коэффициента гидродинамического сопротивления охлажденной твердой сферы при малых числах Рейнольдса
Authors: Архипов В.А. , Басалаев С.А. , Перфильева К.Г. , Поленчук С.Н. , Усанина А.С.
Published: February 2021

The results of experimental studying the gravitational sedimentation of a cooled solid spherical particle in a viscous fluid in the range of Reynolds numbers Re = 0.01÷1.32 are presented. A significant decrease of stationary sedimentation rate (up to 30%) of a cooled particle is shown. Empirical dependencies for the sedimentation rate and hydrodynamic drag coefficient of the particle in the range of temperature difference between liquid (glycerol, silicone oil) and particle ∆T = (0÷210) K are obtained.
Влияние окисления пористого кремния на формирование нанокомпозитов пористый кремний/индий электрохимическим методом
Authors: Гревцов Н.Л. , Чубенко Е.Б. , Бондаренко В.П. , Гаврилин И.М. , Дронов А.А. , Гаврилов С.А.
Published: February 2021

It is concluded that oxidation of porous silicon in an air atmosphere at 300 ° C or in an aqueous solution of nitric acid (50 vol.%) can drastically improve the filling of pores by indium during its subsequent electrochemical deposition. Due to the oxidation of the porous skeleton’s topmost areas, the maximum concentration of indium is shifted from the surface deeper into the pore channels. This effect is especially apparent in the case of oxidation via nitric acid, whereat the maximum relative concentration of indium inside the pores is achieved.
Stock market development and investment growth in Nigeria
Authors:   Economics and Development Studies, Humanities, Management and Social Sciences, Onisanwa Idowu Daniel ,   Federal University, Kashere, Nigeria, Adaji Mercy Ojochegbe ,   CEPMLP; University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
Published: February 2021

Aim/purpose – The poor investment climate is one of the reasons advanced for the slow pace of growth in Nigeria; evidenced by the absence or inadequate amount of investible funds in the productive sectors. While the money market in Nigeria provides very limited investment options, the underdevelopment and underutilisation of the Nigerian Stock Market constitute a drawback to the investment climate. However, any economy desiring sustainable development requires a long-term source of fund. Therefore, this study ascertains the perfor-mance of the stock market and investment growth nexus in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on the neoclassical growth theory with a slight modification in the wake of Levine’s specification (2003), an augmented investment growth relationship was specified. This study utilises the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) in establishing the co-integration relation between stock market development and investment growth. Gross capital formation was used as a proxy for investment growth while the stock market indicators are market capitalisation ratio, total value traded ratio and turnover ratio. The study utilises data covering 1981 to 2018, sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange annual reports and diverse publication of the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics.Findings – The market capitalisation ratio had a negative impact on gross capital for-mation both in the short run and the long run, but its significance is only evident in the short run. The turnover ratio had a negative and significant impact on investment growth. The total value traded ratio exerted a positive and significant impact on gross capital formation both in the short run and the long run. The coefficient of the error cor-rection term was negative and statistically significant. Research implications/limitations – The total value traded ratio enhanced investment growth in Nigeria. Both market capitalisation and turnover ratio dampen investment growth. The Stock Exchange is not efficient and does not possess the amount of liquidity required to finance long term investment need in Nigeria. Emphasis on measures geared towards increasing efficiency and liquidity should be intensified by the government. Mean-while, the sectorial analysis of the impact of stock exchange movements in Nigeria and the use of other estimation techniques may create room for more robust relationships.Originality/value/contribution – The study directly investigates the capability of the Nigerian stock market in driving investment, both in the short and long run.
REFORMULATING THE APPLICABLE STRATEGIES IN IMPROVING FINANCIAL LITERACY AND INCLUSION INDEX TOWARD ISLAMIC CAPITAL MARKET
Authors: Syafril Syafwendi
Published: February 2021

Indonesia’s financial inclusion and literacy index level in the Islamic capital market sector is quietly low at around 0.02% and 0.01%. Though Indonesia is known as a country with the largest Muslim population in the world with more than 85%. Furthermore, the fact of Indonesia is the 4th highest growth country in the capital market industry in Asia-Pacific throughout 2017. The potential for growth and development of the Islamic capital market in Indonesia is very high, but this fact is not followed by the growth rate of financial literacy and inclusion index especially in the capital market sector. The aim of this paper is to identify the new applicable strategic approach to improve Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in term of Islamic capital market sector. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature review from the article journal, government report, news report, and others in reviewing, identifying, and knowing the strategies that will be implemented. The results show there are six specific strategies used in improving Islamic capital market literacy and inclusion indexes namely,  rebranding investment negative stereotype, building a sustainable promotion and campaign through offline and online platform, creating an online integrated marketplace for Islamic capital market products, improving corporate Sukuk and introducing a new SRI Sukuk product, forming agents & groups of Islamic capital market lovers, and monitoring & evaluating the applied strategy.
Diffusion tensor imaging of renal parenchyma in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease: Correlation with serum biomarkers
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel , Hammad Ayman , Mansour Manar , Ramadan Marwa , Ali Khadiga , Ibrahim Dina , Barakat Tarek
Published: February 2021

Purpose: to demonstrate role of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in
diagnosis of pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) using fraction
anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Material and
methods: Prospective study done on 35 CKD patients (19 boys, 16 girls;
mean age 12.2±2.7 years) and 19 age and sex-matched volunteers. Patients
with sclerotic (n = 25) and non-sclerotic (n= 10) CKD that underwent DTI
of kidney. Results: Mean FA of renal cortex/ medulla in CKD (0.20±0.07,
and 0.18±0.08) was significantly lower (p = 0.001) from volunteers
(0.27±0.08, 0.31±0.09). Cutoff renal FA of cortex/ medulla used for
diagnosis of CKD was 0.23, and 0.22 with AUC of 0.828, 0.828 and
accuracy of 82.9%, 80.7%. Mean ADC of renal cortex/ medulla in CKD
(1.98±0.23 and 2.03±0.23 X10-3mm2/s) was significantly higher (p =
0.001) that of volunteers (1.65±0.134 and 1.68±0.16 X10-3mm2/s. Cutoff
renal ADC of cortex/medulla used to diagnosis of CKD were 1.75 and
1.85X10-3mm2/s with AUC of 0.828, 0.910, 0.828 and 0.81 and accuracy of
82.9%, 84.1%, 80.7% and 79.5%. FA of renal cortex/medulla in
sclerotic CKD was significantly different (p = 0.001) than non-sclerotic
CKD (0.26±0.07 and 0.25±0.08). The FA of renal cortex/medulla in CKD
patients correlated with serum creatinine (r = -0.468; p = 0.000, r
=-0.381; p = 0.001), e GFR (r = 0.364; p = 0.002, r = 0.318; p = 0.007).
Conclusion: FA and ADC of renal cortex/ medulla can help in diagnosis of
CKD, FA cortex/ medulla predicts sclerotic CKD and correlated with some
of serum biomarkers.
The temporal stability and maintenance mechanisms of alpine meadow communities under clipping and fertilization
Authors: Wang Ting , Guo Chenglong , Sang Silin , Liu Yiting , Liu Gang , Qi Desheng , Zhu Zhihong
Published: February 2021

The effects of human disturbance on the stability of alpine meadow
communities, their diversity–stability relationship, and the underlying
mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we performed a
12-year-long (2007–2018) two-factor (2 × 3) controlled experiment on
Kobresia humilis on the Tibetan Plateau. The manipulations included
three clipping levels (no clipping, NC; moderate clipping, MC; heavy
clipping, HC) and two fertilization levels (no fertilization, NF;
fertilization, F). Our results revealed that the two clipping
manipulations significantly increased the temporal stability of alpine
meadow communities, whose significant increase was more pronounced under
the MC than HC treatment. Moreover, asynchrony effects, portfolio
effects, and facilitation interactions were all present in the
communities under the six types of experimental treatment combinations.
Additionally, a selection effect was detected in the compound
communities, demonstrating characteristics that are common to different
mechanisms. There were no significant differences in the effects of
these mechanisms on community temporal stability between the NC–NF and
MC–NF interactive communities. The portfolio effects predominated when
clipping intensity was moderate under both fertilization and
non-fertilization conditions. By contrast, in the compound communities,
the selection effect predominated. In summary, we conclude that in
meadow communities that undergo clipping and fertilization disturbances,
facilitation interactions and weak interactions make a greater
contribution toward maintaining their temporal stability.
What if vaccines do not prevent infection?
Authors: BERIAIN INIGO DE MIGUEL , Pertejo Jose Alcamí
Published: February 2021

Aims of the study Vaccines are considered to be our greatest hope of
defeating SARS-CoV-2. However, before we claim victory, there are some
important questions that are in need of an urgent answer. In this paper
we address a particularly relevant one, which unfortunately has not
attracted much attention: whether approved vaccines provide us with
sterilizing immunity (or to what concrete level). Methods used to
conduct the study This study was based on the revision of the existing
academic literature. Results of the study The capacity of approved
vaccines to provide sterilizing immunity is key to designing our
vaccination policies in an optimal way. We propose ways to obtain this
knowledge and we assess the consequences that a lack of sufficient
immunity would bring to publc health policies. Conclusions drawn from
the study and clinical implications If further evidence proves that
vaccines do not provide sterilizing immunity, prioritization strategies
should introduce changes by providing preferential access to vulnerable
populations instead of health care professionals or caregivers working
in nursing homes. Policies aimed at promoting adherence to vaccination
should consider that altruistic incentives would clearly diminish. In
addition, policy makers should be aware that, in general, reaching herd
immunity could take much longer than expected.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as a solitary nodule mimicking lung cancer
Authors: Taketa Tomoyo , Nakamura Takahito
Published: February 2021

Sarcoidosis shows various clinical and radiologic manifestations.
Nodular sarcoidosis is an uncommon form of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Cases
presenting as solid nodules are especially rare. We herein present a
case of nodular sarcoidosis with a solid nodule that was suspected to be
lung cancer.
Some fixed point theorems via asymptotic regularity
Authors: Panja Sayantan , Roy Kushal , Saha Mantu , Bisht Ravindra
Published: February 2021

In this article, we introduce some generalized contractive mappings over a
metric space as extensions of various contractive mappings given by Kannan,
Ciric, Proinov and G?rnicki. Some fixed point theorems have been proved
for such new contractive type mappings via asymptotic regularity and some
weaker versions of continuity. Supporting examples have been given in
strengthening the hypothesis of our established theorems. As a by-product we
explore some new answers to the open question posed by Rhoades.
Otopy classification of gradient compact perturbations of identity in Hilbert space
Authors: Bartłomiejczyk Piotr , Nowak-Przygodzki Piotr
Published: February 2021

We prove that the inclusion of the space of gradient local maps into the
space of all local maps from Hilbert space to itself induces a bijection
between the sets of the respective otopy classes of these maps, where by a
local map we mean a compact perturbation of identity with a compact preimage
of zero.
Retraction notice to: The modification of Poisson-Sch integral on cones and its applications
Authors: Editorial E
Published: February 2021

Retraction of the article: Jinjin Huang, Beatriz Ychussie, The Modification
of Poisson-Sch Integral on Cones and Its Applications, Filomat 30:12 (2016),
3291-3302. The original article can be found at
https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL1612291H.

 Link to the retracted article 10.2298/FIL1612291H
Differential application of planning policy deepening the intracity divide: The case of greater Sydney, NSW, Australia
Authors: Uddin Khandakar , Piracha Awais
Published: February 2021

Urban planning policies in New South Wales (NSW), Australia are continuously
being reformed, in order to make them more economic development friendly.
These reforms are concerned with making development approvals easier and
faster. The implementation of these reforms and their outcomes in Greater
Sydney, NSW, vary according to the local socio-economic conditions. The
affluent communities in Greater Sydney are very concerned about these
reforms and actively resist their application in their areas. They are
successful in avoiding the application of reformed urban planning policies.
However, the lower socio-economic parts of Greater Sydney in the outer areas
are not able to engage with these urban policy issues. The reformed urban
policies are fully applied in the poorer areas, often resulting in excessive
and poor-quality urban development. Past research on urban planning policy
development, application and outcomes in Sydney has not investigated
selective planning policy application and its differential outcomes. This
paper analyses the selective application of some recent urban planning
policy reforms as they relate to socio-economic division in Greater Sydney.
The research argues that the selective application of urban planning policy
in Greater Sydney is reinforcing socio-economic division there.
The protection of children victims of electronic harassment in criminal law: Controversial issues and possible de lege ferenda amendments
Authors: Paunovic Nikola
Published: February 2021

In the information society, everyday use of information and communication
technology by children occupies a significant place in their lives.
Technology has enabled children?s access to cyberspace where they can
perform their daily school and leisure activities. However, children?s
access to information technology has also created new opportunities for the
emergence of different forms of electronic harassment. The subject of this
paper includes the analysis of the following electronic forms of harassment
of children: 1) grooming, 2) cyberstalking, 3) cyberbullying and 4)
trolling. The main goal of the paper is to discuss the controversial issues
in conceptualisation of the analyzed electronic forms of harassment of
children. In addition, the subject of this paper includes the overview of
the relevant legal framework regarding electronic forms of harassment of
children at international, European and national level to determine whether
these forms of harassment are recognized as criminal offences and to
identify legal gaps in observed criminal law frameworks. In the concluding
remarks, it is pointed out that incidents of electronic harassment of
children are increasing, creating a necessity for new policies and laws to
ensure better protection of children in cyberspace.
Why do children remain silent about sexual abuse?
Authors: Tankosic Bojana , Milosavljevic-Djukic Ivana
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to present the most common reasons why child victims of
sexual abuse do not choose to testify about their experience in criminal
proceedings. The process of disclosing sexual abuse and the reactions of
family members and professionals in various institutions can be a source of
support and help in recovery for the child, but also a source of secondary
victimization. Based on that, the paper analyzes to what extent the Serbian
legislative framework is harmonized with international standards regarding
the protection of child victims from secondary victimization. It points out
to the application of legal solutions on the protection of child victims
during criminal proceedings through the Units for Supporting Child Victims
and Witnesses as an example of the best practice in supporting and
protecting child victims and witnesses from secondary victimization. Special
attention is paid to the prevalence of sexual abuse of children, while the
focus is on the reasons why children are not ready to speak publicly about
sexual abuse, as well as the feelings that arise when disclosure occurs.
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Mobile Banking dalam Transaksi Perbankan
Authors: Trisna Dewi Ni Made
Published: February 2021

This essay discusses the legal protection for mobile banking custumers, because the mobile banking product as one of the delivery many benefits but contain many risk on the other side that could cause losses for the custumers. Therefore, the protection for mobile banking custumers is requiered in order to protect the rights of the custumers banking servise. The study was conducted to determine how the indonesian low and regulations that protect mobile banking custumers in banking transaction in case of the error transaction electronic in review of low number 11 of 2008 on information and electronic transactionsas well as the bank’s responsibility for the mobile banking custumers in case of a transaction error. This study is a normative study with the literature research method to analyze the book of legal literature and the low number 8 of 1999 about the custumers protection, low number 10 of 1998 about the indonesia banking sistem, low number 11 of 2008 about the transaction and electronic information. The result showed that although there is no customers legislation that specificaly regulates mobile banking, but in indonesia positive legal order there are laws and regulation which has provided legal protection for mobile banking custumers. There are law number 11 of 2008 about information and electronic transaction as contained in article 1.2 and 3. The bank’s responsibility to the custumer in case of error transaction. The loss is a proxy of fullfillment of one custumers protection law. Right to copensation in accordance with the treaty law in article 1313 civil law. Then the current legislation already includes aspects of legal protection for mobile banking custumers.
Optimalisasi Perlindungan Anak Melalui Sumber Hukum Hindu
Authors: Ayu Suseni Komang
Published: February 2021

Children are the next generation of the nation and every parent's dream. To be able to form children that can be relied upon and become a hope for both parents and useful for the nation and state, the role of parents in guiding and caring for their children is very important. In the Hindu religion books have been explained about children such as Manawa Dharmasastra, Sarasamuccaya, Slokantara and Silakrama. For example in the weda explained Until the age of five, parents must treat their children as kings. In the next ten years as a servant, and after age sixteen and above must be treated as a friend. In this sloka explained, it is better for us to give punishment to children when they make a mistake, as long as it's only natural. If you always spoil a child and have never been banned in any case, then he will get used to what is wrong. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2005 concerning Child Protection also confirms that what is meant by a child is someone who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years old, including children who are still in the womb. A child must get good treatment and protection from the womb until birth and growing up. For this reason, the role of parents in understanding and deepening the teachings in the Vedas is very important. We must understand correctly what is the child's needs.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Kontrak Antara Pemerintah Kabupaten Buleleng Dengan PT. Chandra Dwipa Terkait Pembangunan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Taman Bung Karno Singaraja
Authors: Ayu Apsari Hadi I Gusti , Febrinayanti Dantes Komang
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the form of dispute resolution between the Buleleng Regency Government and the private sector PT. Candra Dwipa regarding the construction of RTH Bung Karno Park, Singaraja city. The data collection technique used purposive sampling through interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The subjects in this study were the Regional Government, especially the Commitment Making Official (PPK) of the Disperkimta, Buleleng Regency. Data processing and analysis techniques in this study will be carried out qualitatively. After the qualitative analysis process is carried out, then the data will be presented in a descriptive qualitative manner and systematically. The results showed that (1) a contract clause / agreement letter between the Buleleng Regency Government and PT. Chandra Dwipa is in accordance with the pacta sunt servanda principle and has implications for the rights and obligations of the parties, namely the DISPERKIMTA party can supervise the work of the provider and the provider must carry out the work according to the applicable contract; (2) the dispute settlement mechanism for the development of RTH Taman Bung Karno in which the provider (contractor) does not fulfill the work as planned, namely the realization is only 74,932% while the deviation is -25,068%, the government will stop work, impose fines, and put the provider into in the Black List.
Metafora Konseptual Teks Berita PILGUBSU Pada Harian Waspada dan Analisa
Authors: Surip Muhammad , Sinar T. Silvana
Published: February 2021

Tujuan tulisan ini ingin mengungkapkan data metafora yang dipusatkan pada penggunaan metafora dalam teks berita PILGUBSU pada harian Waspada dan Analisa dengan menggunakan analisis metafora konseptual. Sumber daya yang digunakan adalah teks berita yang terbit selama bulan Maret 2018. Data penelitian berupa satuan lingual, baik leksikal maupun gramatikal yang mengandung metafora. Untuk menjelaskan data, digunakan kerangka teori linguistik kognitif. Metode pengumpulan data mengambil inspirasi dari metaphor identification procesure dari Pragglejaz group, sedangkan metode pengolahan data dilakukan secara analisis konseptual berdasarkan dua ranah yakni ranah sumber dan ranah sasaran. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode referensial, yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan dan membandingkan referen atau makna yang terdapat dalam sumber dan target ungkapan metaforis yang dianalisis. Hasil penelitian metafora konseptual teks berita Pilgubsu pada harian waspada dan analisa yaitu : ranah politik, makhluk hidup, benda mati, aktivitas manusia, fenomena alam, gaib dan ruang dan waktu.
GAYA BAHASA DALAM CERITA PENDEK “AKU ADA” KARYA DEWI LESTARI: TINJAUAN STILISTIKA
Authors: UTAMI WIWIK SURYA
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam cerita pendek “Aku ada” karya Dewi Lestari dengan menggunakan tinjauan stilistika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif serta pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode simak dan pendekatan stilistika. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa  terdapat 2 gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam cerpen “Aku Ada” yaitu 1. Gaya bahasa perbandingan ada 6 jenis gaya bahasa perbandingan yaitu simile, hiperbola, personifikasi, depersonifikasi,metafora, antropomorfisme. Yang paling dominan dalam gaya bahasa perbandingan adalah simile terdapat 9 buah ungkapan yang digunakan, hiperbola terdapat 3 buah, personifikasi dan depersonifikasi terdapat 2 buah, yang terakhir pada gaya bahasa perbandingan metafora terdapat 1 buah. 2. Gaya bahasa penegasan ada 3 jenis yaitu paralelisme, retoris dan klimaks. Yang paling dominan pada gaya bahasa penegasan adalah paralelisme yang terdiri dari 6 buah, retoris terdiri dari 4 buah, dan klimaks terdiri dari satu buah. Kata kunci: stilistika, gaya bahasa, novel
DISEMINASI PENGGUNAAN OVAPRIM UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PEMIJAHAN IKAN MAS DI DESA SUKAMAHI DAN SUKAGALIH KECAMATAN SUKARATU KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: - Yuatiati, A. , - Herawati, T , - Nurhayati, A.
Published: February 2021

Ikan Mas (Cyprinuscarpio) merupakan salah satujenis ikan air tawar yang banyak di budidayakan diKabupaten Tasikmalaya. Budidaya ikan mas dapatdilakukan secara semi intensif dan intensif denganmemperhitungkan nilai ekonomi.Pemijahan ikan secaraintensif, yaitu pemijahan ikan yang terjadi denganmemberikan rangsangan hormon untuk mempercepatkematangan gonad serta proses ovulasinya dilakukansecara buatan dengan teknik stripping atau pengurutan.Tehnik pemijahan ikan mas menggunakan hormonovaprim. Intensifikasi budidaya perikanan harusmemperhatikan ketersediaan benih secara kontinyudengan kualitas yang bagus dengan dukungan teknologitepat guna.Penggunaan teknologi tepat guna diperlukanoleh masyarakat, khususnya tehnik pemijahan buatanuntuk ikan mas dengan menggunakan hormon ovaprim.Pemijahan ikan secara intensif, yaitu pemijahan ikanyang terjadi dengan ovaprim. Maksud dari pengabdianini untuk menganalisis peluang usaha budidayaikan mas dan teknik pemijahan ikan mas denganmenggunakan ovaprim dalam rangka meningkatkanpendapatan masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasidan monitoring selama kegiatan pengabdian kepadamasyarakat yang berlangsung secara simultan denganmengggunakan metode partisipasi masyarakat, demonstrasilapangan(demplot) kolam pemijahan dan faktorpendorong kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat iniyaitu :(1) ketersediaan sumber daya alam diantaranyalahan yang telah dibuat kolam untuk perikanan; (2)sumberdaya air; (3) ketersediaan pakan alami ;(4)ketersediaan tenaga kerja keluarga; (5) peluang pasarperikanan budidaya air tawar. Kegiatan ini mampumemberikan motovasi kepada masyarakat untukpengembangan komoditas perikanan air tawar, sehinggamampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga.Kata Kunci : ikan mas, pemijahan, ovaprim, stripping
ATIKAN UNPAD: UPAYA PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI DAN PENYELESAIAN SEKOLAH TINGKAT DASAR DAN MENENGAH DI PEDESAAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: - D. Chaerani , - Kurnia, D , - Darmayanti, N.
Published: February 2021

Masyarakat (PPM) Prioritas Universitas Padjadjaran 2014 ini, berbagai kegiatan telah dilakukan dalamrangka mewujudkan capaian kegiatan dalam hal upaya peningkatan partisipasi dan penyelesaian sekolahtingkat dasar dan tingkat menengah di pedesaan Jawa Barat. Dalam hal ini yang menjadi perhatian kamiadalah apa yang dapat dilakukan tim PPM Prioritas Atikan Unpad untuk membantu Unit PelaksanaanTeknis Daerah untuk TK/SD dan Pendidikan Non Formal dalam hal menangani masyarakat putussekolah dan anak-anak usia pra sekolah dasar di pedesaan Jawa Barat. Target masyarakat yangmenjadi sasaran kegiatan kami adalah Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM), Kelompok Belajar,Pendidikan Usia Dini dan Taman Kanak-kanak/ Raudhatul Athfal. Lokasi PPM yang kami pilih adalahDesa Jatimukti Kecamatan Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Pelatihan Learning Skills diberikan untukmeningkatkan kemampuan para tutor dan guru dalam mengelola diri serta warga belajar didikannya.Secara umum, hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan peningkatan antusiasme belajar dari warga belajar,tutor, pengelola PKBM serta para guru TK/PAUD.Diharapkan kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan angka partisipasi dan penyelesaian sekolah tingkat dasar danmenengah.Kata Kunci: atikan unpad, angka partisipasi kasar, putus sekolah, kejar paket, PKBM,
PENYULUHAN PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DALAM PEMBUATAN SURAT KETERANGAN WARIS DI DESA BLENDUNG DAN DESA KORANJI, KECAMATAN PURWADADI, KABUPATEN SUBANG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: - Utarie, F. , - Djakaria, M , - Sandra, E.
Published: February 2021

Administrasi kependudukan di suatu Negara sangatberguna bagi Surat Keterangan Waris (SKW) yang akanmenetukan hak bagi ahli waris untuk mendapatkanharta peninggalan dari pewaris. Kepala Desa memilikikewenangan dalam pembuatan SKW, hanya sajaterkadang hal ini tidak mencerminkan rasa keadilan.Hal ini muncul akibat ketidaktahuan dari masyarakatdan aparat, sehingga perlu adanya penyuluhan Hukum.Menjadi tanggung jawab bagi civitas academica untukmemperkenalkan sistem hukum yang dikenal diIndonesia, secara garis besar dipengaruhi oleh 3 hukum,yaitu hukum adat, hukum Islam, dan hukum Barat.Pencapaian penyuluhan hukum dapat dianggap telahoptimal, dilihat dari tingkat kehadiran peserta dantanya jawab peserta.Kata kunci: Sistem hukum, SKW, waris, dan administrasikependudukan