bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nivel de conocimiento sobre Diabetes Mellitus de los habitantes de Paso Ancho, San José Costa Rica, 2019.
Authors: Blanco Aurelia , Alvarado Yazlin , Capitán-Jiménez Catalina
Published: July 2021

Objetivos: La investigación busca conocer el porcentaje de personas que presentan un riesgo aumentado, así como el nivel de conocimiento de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 de la población de Paso Ancho, San José, Costa Rica. Metodología: Se aplicó el instrumento de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de Diabetes Mellitus 2 de la American Diabetes Association (ADA) a 118 participantes de la Feria de Salud. Para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad de la población en estudio se utilizó la versión en español del Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24 (DKQ-24). Finalmente, se utilizó el programa de Microsoft Excel y SPSS para procesar estadísticamente los datos obtenidos en las encuestas e instrumentos. Resultados: El promedio del IMC fue de 27.9 Kg/m2. Solo tres mujeres indican haber presentado diabetes gestacional durante su periodo de embarazo. Un 58% de los participantes tienen al menos un familiar que padece de diabetes, el 44% de los presenta hipertensión arterial (HTA), de los cuales 15 son hombres y 37 mujeres. Y con respecto a la actividad física, un 53% de las personas indican realizar actividad física, de los cuales 23 son hombres y 40 mujeres. Con relación a la evaluación del conocimiento sobre Diabetes Mellitus 2, se observa que ambos sexos tienen un conocimiento catalogado como no suficiente (90%).
Los pótos según los malecus: identidad y aliciente moral, desde una visión estereotipada
Authors: Solano-Fallas Andrés
Published: July 2021

El artículo tiene por objetivo dilucidar cómo la figura de los indígenas pótos, según su versión estereotipada en las pláticas malecus, contribuyó a la conformación de la identidad del endogrupo, y a su vez, fungió como aliciente moral. En lo que respecta a la configuración de la identidad, se exponen cinco estereotipos clave (de belleza, de intelectualidad, emocional, sobre conducta laboriosa, y sobre conducta sexual) que los malecus concibieron de los pótos, en orden a explicar cómo estos presuponen la imagen que el endogrupo tenía de sí. En cuanto al aliciente moral, se desarrolla cómo la visión sobre los pótos, implicó el rechazo de ciertas prácticas consideradas negativas que un malecu no debería ejercer, como también el reconocimiento de otras a seguir.
Subjetividades esotéricas. Estudios sobre masonería, espiritismo y teosofía en Costa Rica (Reseña)
Authors: Herrera Valenciano Minor
Published: July 2021

Francisco Rodríguez Cascante y Ricardo Martínez Esquivel (coords.), Subjetividades esotéricas. Estudios sobre masonería, espiritismo y teosofía en Costa Rica, prólogo de Juan Pablo Bubello, Puntarenas, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2019, 397 pp. ISBN 978-9930-9685-3-6. Reseña por Minor Herrera Valenciano.
La necesaria discusión teórica marxista del Estado en el proceso de formación profesional en Trabajo Social
Authors: Monge Arias Adriana
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo pretende exponer la importancia que posee para la formación de Trabajo Social el estudio, análisis y comprensión del Estado desde los aportes del marxismo. Por ello, tiene como objetivo evidenciar a nivel teórico la relevancia de éste pensamiento para la profesión en su praxis a través de las políticas sociales implementadas por el aparato estatal.

Para la elaboración del artículo se tomó como base la ponencia presentada en el X Congreso Nacional y el VII Congreso Internacional de Trabajo Social llevado a cabo en Costa Rica del 19 al 21 de julio del 2017. Se incorporaron las reflexiones teóricas-metodológicas de los cursos Teoría del Estado y Políticas Públicas y Estado y Políticas Sociales en Costa Rica, impartidos por la autora durante cinco años para la carrera de Trabajo Social, en la Sede de Occidente.

 Además, fue complementado con el desarrollo de la tesis en la Maestría Centroamericana en Sociología de la Universidad de Costa Rica; así como, por los resultados de la investigación, La política social asistencial en la región de Alajuela y su relación con el proyecto de formación y praxis de la Carrera de Trabajo Social de la Sede de Occidente. A partir de ésta investigación se obtuvo, como uno de sus productos, una síntesis de los programas impartidos en la carrera de Trabajo Social en el cuarto año, o III nivel (último año para obtener el título de bachillerato) vinculado a un análisis documental de datos relevantes para comprender el origen y desarrollo que ha tenido la formación en esta profesión en el espacio regional. Por tanto, se tiene como punto de partida que la profesión del Trabajo Social por medio de una praxis crítica, puede lograr avances en los procesos que busquen cierto bienestar de la clase trabajadora, masas populares y grupos oprimidos en el capitalismo. Para ello, es fundamental el conocimiento sobre la forma Estado capitalista y su funcionamiento, a partir de los aportes del marxismo hacia una teoría del Estado. Es decir, la necesaria comprensión a partir de ésta matriz teórica-metodológica teniendo como punto de partida la particularización de la profesión en el espacio estatal como producto de la sociedad burguesa. La tesis lleva por título: El Estado capitalista y su política social asistencialista: La intervención del IMAS en las “mujeres pobres” que participan de la estrategia Puente al Desarrollo. Se aclara que aún se encuentra en proceso de elaboración (fase de análisis y realización del informe final) para ser defendida. La investigación fue aprobada por la Coordinación de Investigación, de la Sede de Occidente para ser inscrita en la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, de la Universidad de Costa Rica, y ejecutada durante el 2017-2019.
Challenges and needs for system-level electrochemical lithium-ion battery management and diagnostics
Authors: Tanim Tanvir R. , Dufek Eric J. , Sazhin Sergiy V.
Published: July 2021

The desire for energy-dense and fast-charged battery technology in consumer electronics, electric vehicle, grid, and aviation applications is pushing the envelope from materials to cell and pack designs. However, some approaches could inherently decrease safety of the battery—thus requiring the development of advanced management and diagnostics. Safety of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs), particularly in multicell configurations, is highly variable and could evolve with use. Existing works primarily focus on cell life and safety diagnostics without considering module and pack-level uncertainties and sometimes imply that cell-level electrochemical diagnostics would work in modules or packs, a naive oversimplification. Using example case studies, we highlight the potential and challenges associated with extending single-cell diagnostics to multiple cells, note the existing gaps, and motivate the research, development, and support communities to devote efforts to fill the gap by developing diagnostics at these levels for current- and future-generation LiBs.
Investigating the rheology of 2D titanium carbide (MXene) dispersions for colloidal processing: Progress and challenges
Authors: Greaves Michael , Mende Mana , Wang Jiacheng , Yang Wenji , Barg Suelen
Published: July 2021

Among 2D materials, MXenes (especially their most studied member, titanium carbide) present a unique opportunity for application via colloidal processing, as they are electrically conductive and chemically active, whilst still being easily dispersed in water. And since the first systematic study of colloidal MXene rheology was published in 2018 (Rheological Characteristics of 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Dispersions: A Guide for Processing MXenes by Akuzum, et al.), numerous works have presented small amounts of rheological data which together contribute to a deeper understanding of the topic. This work reviews the published rheological data on all MXene-containing formulations, including liquid crystals, mixtures and non-aqueous colloids, which have been used in processes such as stamping, patterning, 2D and 3D printing. An empirical model of aqueous titanium carbide viscosity has been developed, and recommendations are made to help researchers more effectively present their data for future rheological analysis.

Graphic abstract
Controlling shear band instability by nanoscale heterogeneities in metallic nanoglasses
Authors: Nandam Sree Harsha , Schwaiger Ruth , Kobler Aaron , Kübel Christian , Wang Chaomin , Ivanisenko Yulia , Hahn Horst
Published: July 2021

Strain localization during plastic deformation drastically reduces the shear band stability in metallic glasses, ultimately leading to catastrophic failure. Therefore, improving the plasticity of metallic glasses has been a long-standing goal for several decades. In this regard, nanoglass, a novel type of metallic glass, has been proposed to exhibit differences in short and medium range order at the interfacial regions, which could promote the formation of shear transformation zones. In the present work, by introducing heterogeneities at the nanoscale, both crystalline and amorphous, significant improvements in plasticity are realized in micro-compression tests. Both amorphous and crystalline dispersions resulted in smaller strain bursts during plastic deformation. The yield strength is found to increase significantly in Cu–Zr nanoglasses compared to the corresponding conventional metallic glasses. The reasons for the mechanical behavior and the importance of nanoscale dispersions to tailor the properties is discussed in detail.

Graphic Abstract
The Perception of Islamic Youth to The Phenomenon of Hubbu Ilahi
Authors: Asrori Muhammad Roy , Fitriyah Zakiyatul , Anam Ahmad Faikul , Zubaidy Ahmad Nashih Anis , Zubaidah Zubaidah
Published: July 2021

Youth life is closely related to spiritual activity. The phenomenon that is still encountered is Hubbu Ilahi, or the love attitude of Allah SWT. This phenomenon is presumed that adolescents only state and do not know the consequences of their attitudes. So, this study aims to determine the perceptions of today's adolescents on the phenomenon of Hubbu Ilahi. This research is descriptive qualitative research with a survey research method. This study used a purposive random sampling technique to 39 adolescents. Data collection used a questionnaire with the google form platform. Then, the data were analyzed using: data presentation, data reduction, and concluding. The results showed that adolescent respondents stated the consistency of love of the Quran, love of Rasulullah (SAW), love of the Prophet's Sunnah, and love of the Akhirat life. However, the busyness of the world blocks the proven proof of love. The analysis concluded that only 7.7% of adolescents fit Hubbu Ilahi's criteria.
Metafory konceptualne wyrażające wiarę w życie wieczne w tekstach reprezentatywnych
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz
Published: July 2021

Analizowane w artykule metafory konceptualne, które wyrażają wiarę w życie wieczne, są oddawane jako archetypy pozytywne. Zarówno metafory przestrzenne, jak i metafory ontologiczne są wiodącymi schematami wyobrażeniowymi dotyczącymi miejsc nadprzyrodzonych czy cech tych miejsc. Rozważane metafory tworzyły uniwersalny język chrześcijański, a przez swą obrazowość angażowały wyobraźnię wiernych, wzbogacając uczuciowe reakcje czytelnika na przekaz teologiczny dotyczący tematyki nieba i wieczności.
„Czyściec na ziemi” – możliwość, natura i skutki
Authors: Kulik Bogdan
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie, że w świetle wypowiedzi Magisterium Kościoła, teologów i mistyków warto podjąć refleksję nad tzw. „czyśćcem na ziemi”, czyli świadomym i dobrowolnym procesem oczyszczania się z konsekwencji grzechów, który jeśli nie zostanie ukończony przed śmiercią, swoje dopełnienie będzie miał po niej, w stanie nazywanym czyśćcem. Artykuł składa się z trzech części omawiających kolejno: możliwość, naturę i skutki tzw. „czyśćca na ziemi”, a zostaje zwieńczony wnioskiem natury praktycznej, zachęcającym do odpowiedzialnego zaangażowania we własny rozwój duchowy.
Effect of withdrawing long-term CPAP therapy on the course of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Agaltsov M. V. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To assess the effect of withdrawing long-term (12 months) CPAP therapy on the course of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with moderate to severe disease.

Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with moderate to severe OSA and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after surgical treatment. The mean age of the subjects was 59,3+8,2 years. In addition, 55% of patients had obesity. All patients were started on CPAP therapy. After 12 months, CPAP therapy was canceled in the patients who completed the study. Additional cardiorespiratory sleep monitoring was performed 1-2 days after the withdrawal of treatment to assess the severity of sleep-related breathing disorders.

Results. Cancellation of CPAP therapy in all observed cases led to an immediate relapse of OSA. Although the mean value of the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 24 episodes per hour [20; 34] before treatment up to 21 episodes per hour [13; 27] after 12-month CPAP therapy, there was no significant difference before and after therapy. In addition, the statistical analysis showed a transition from more severe OSA degrees to moderate ones, depending on the initial severity of the disease. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships of the OSA severity, the final AHI value and the minimum oxygen level with the patient’s body weight (before and after therapy) (r=0,396, 0,411 and -0,488; r=0,358, 0,398 and -0,44, respectively, p<0,05).

Conclusion. In our study, when the 12-month CPAP therapy was canceled, no complete cure for sleep-related breathing disorders was recorded in any case. OSA recurrence was recorded immediately after discontinuation of CPAP therapy (on days 1-2) and its severity depended on the initial severity of the disease. At present, the continuation of CPAP therapy remains the only way to achieve complete control of OSA as a risk factor for AF.
Symptomatic hypotensive episodes in patients with hypertension. Relationship with blood pressure self-monitoring parameters
Authors: Ermasova S. A. , Sokolov I. M. , Shvarts Yu. G.
Published: July 2021

Aim.To study the relationship between symptomatic hypotensive episodes (SHEs) and parameters of self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMPB) in patients with hypertension (HTN).

Material and methods.A total of 77 patients from 40 to 76 years old with HTN were examined. To identify SHEs, an original questionnaire was used. Patients underwent SMBP in the morning and evening, as well as recorded SHE in the diary. The self-monitoring period lasted 4 weeks. Patients without prior myocardial infarction and/or stroke are conventionally called “uncomplicated” HTN, while with cardiovascular events in history — “complicated” HTN.

Results.According to the questionnaire, 48 (62,3%) patients noted SHEs. Uncomplicated HTN was recorded in 19 (51,4%) participants, while complicated one — in 29 (72,5%) (p=0,05). Blood pressure during SHEs was on average higher in patients with complicated HTN than in uncomplicated HTN (103/60 vs 95/60 mm Hg (p=0,05)). With a combination of uncomplicated HTN and SEG, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (125,9±10,5 vs 137,9±8,2 mm Hg), evening SBP (125,3±8,1

vs 133,3±10,4 mm Hg), maximum SBP (149,8±11,8 vs 161,7±12,1 mm Hg) in the morning, as well as minimum SBP in the evening (101,8±10,8 vs 113,7±9,7 mm Hg) were lower than in patients without SHEs (p<0,05).

In complicated HTN, an opposite relationship was observed: patients with SHEs had higher mean SBP (133,49±12,4 vs 118,93±15,3 mm Hg), maximum SBP (162,8±11,6 vs 141,7±12,0 mm Hg), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (91,5±5,6 vs 83,5±8,8 mm Hg) in the morning (p<0,05), as well as higher variability of morning (11,8±2,1 vs 8,2±2,7 mm Hg) and evening SBP (11,9±4,2 vs 8,6±3,2 mm Hg) compared with patients without SHEs (p<0,05). There were no significant differences in antihypertensive therapy.

Conclusion.More than half of patients with hypertension report SHEs. SHEs in patients without prior myocardial infarction and/or stroke were characterized by lower blood pressure level than in subjects with prior cardiovascular events. Among patients with SHEs without cardiovascular events, the values of morning, evening, and maximum SBP in the morning are lower than in patients without SHEs. In patients with complicated HTN and SHEs, the opposite trend was observed: higher SBP and DBP in the morning, as well as greater variability of morning and evening SBP, in comparison with those without SHEs. These patterns cannot be explained by the antihypertensive drugs taken.
Pharmacoinvasive strategy in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: current state-of-the-art
Authors: Tereshchenko A. S. , Uskach T. M. , Kondratova N. V.
Published: July 2021

The existing clinical guidelines identify two main approaches to the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a primary percutaneous coronary intervention and a pharmacoinvasive strategy. Due to the time delays due to various reasons, it is not always easy to perform primary percutaneous coronary intervention timely (<120 minutes). Modern thrombolytic drugs make it easy and safe to apply a pharmacoinvasive strategy to a wide group of patients, improving their prognosis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of in situ versus composite bimammary coronary artery bypass grafting: immediate outcomes and 30-day mortality
Authors: Enginoev S. T. , Kondratyev D. A. , Magomedov G. M. , Ekimov S. S. , Zenkov A. A. , Motreva А. P. , Kadyraliev B. K. , Chernov I. I. , Tarasov D. G.
Published: July 2021

Aim. To compare the immediate outcomes and 30-day mortality of in situ bimammary coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using two internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) versus a composite grafting.

Material and methods. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for a period from 1990 to 2020 for studies comparing in situ bimammary CABG versus composite grafts. The PICO search model was used as follows: patient, intervention, comparison, outcomes. The data were derived by two independent researchers and subjected to a meta-analysis using a random effect.

Results. A total of 10 studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Of these, there were 2 randomized controlled trials (n=705), 4 observational propensity score matching studies (n=4267) and 4 unadjusted observational studies (n=3517). With both ITA in situ surgery, fewer distal anastomoses are applied (MD=0,23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,15-0,32; p<0,001). But there was no significant difference n myocardial ischemia between groups (3 min with 95% CI, -3,23-9,79; p=0,32). There was no significant difference between groups in the incidence of perioperative stroke (hazard ratio (HR)=0,5; 95% CI; 0,63-1,74; p=0,85 ), myocardial infarction (HR=1,1; 95% CI 0,66-1,85; p=0,71), mediastinitis (HR=0,86; 95% CI; 0,62-1,20; p=0,38), resternotomy due to bleeding (HR=1,29; 95% CI, 0,75-2,21; p=0,36), acute renal injury (HR=1,24; 95% CI, 0, 84-1,84; p=0,29), inhospital mortality (HR=1,08; 95% CI, 0,67-1,75; p=0,75) and 30-day mortality (HR=1,19; 95% CI, 0,81-1,75; p=0,38), but the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the group with both ITA in situ surgery (RR=1,23 with 95% CI 1,04-1,44; p=0,01).

Conclusion. With composite bimammary CABG, more distal anastomoses with ITA were applied, while the time of myocardial ischemia did not differ between the groups. We found no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke, mediastinitis, acute renal injury, resternotomy due to bleeding, inhospital mortality, and 30-day mortality. But at the same time, the HR for postoperative atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the group with both ITA in situ surgery.
Samarco disaster and health policies in Espírito Santo
Authors: Machado Frederico Viana , Dowbor Monika Weronika , Amaral Igor
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O presente estudo buscou compreender as ações mitigadoras propostas como resposta ao impacto provocado pelo rompimento da barragem da Samarco na cidade de Mariana, Minas Gerais. Como parte de um estudo maior, este recorte enfoca as políticas públicas de saúde e as cidades de Colatina e Linhares, no estado do Espírito Santo. Por meio de métodos qualitativos, investigaram-se o arranjo político-administrativo que envolve a empresa Samarco, o Comitê Interfederativo (CIF), a Fundação Renova e os poderes públicos, interrogando sobre o papel dos atores na produção de medidas compensatórias e reparatórias. Foram utilizadas a análise de documentos, sobretudo, os relatórios disponíveis no site da Fundação Renova (de março de 2016 a maio de 2018), e sete entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores de referência nas duas cidades estudadas. A análise foi orientada pelo escopo teórico do ciclo de políticas públicas. Identificou-se uma estrutura político-administrativa formulada de forma nitidamente top down, com ênfase na etapa da formulação de políticas em detrimento da entrega de serviços e com pouca articulação entre os atores públicos e da sociedade civil na busca de solução de problemas de saúde.
Território e desterritorialização: o sofrimento social por desastre ambiental decorrente do rompimento de barragens de mineração
Authors: Santos Marcela Alves de Lima , Sol Núncio Antônio Araújo , Modena Celina Maria
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Em Mariana, estado de Minas Gerais, após o Rompimento da Barragem de Fundão, famílias passaram por processo de desterritorialização, em que foram deslocadas da área rural para a área urbana. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi compreender o processo de desterritorialização nesse contexto, as implicações da perda desse locus social para a vida dos atingidos e para a construção de respostas e políticas públicas de saúde. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa no período de 2016 a 2018 no município de Mariana, utilizando as técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas com pessoas atingidas. As entrevistas foram analisadas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo, e a discussão foi orientada pelo referencial teórico dos conceitos de território, desterritorialização e sofrimento social. Na observação e nos relatos dos participantes, é marcante a relação simbólica com seu lugar de origem, traduzidos na forma de vínculos e pertencimento. As perdas, em suas diferentes dimensões, impactam a vida desde o luto até o sofrimento social. Até o reassentamento, é necessário que as interpretações desse novo viver não sejam patologizadas para que as pessoas consigam estar conscientes desse processo e serem protagonistas das escolhas.
Dam breaking in Brumadinho: an experience report on the debates in the disaster process
Authors: Costa Giulia Balbi Rodrigues da , Lau Geórgia Rolemberg , Silva Camilla Ferreira da , Mantel Maria Clara Barroso , Peres Maria Cristina Mitsuko , Luna Tatiane Nunes da Silva Santos , Silva Priscila Neves da
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo teve como objetivo aprofundar discussões do desastre ocorrido em Brumadinho (MG), em janeiro de 2019. A partir da relatoria do seminário ‘Desastre da Vale S.A. em Brumadinho: seis meses de impacto e ações’, seis alunas do Curso de Especialização em Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) e uma pós-doutoranda da Fiocruz de Minas Gerais realizaram transcrições de falas feitas durante o evento na tentativa de reportar essa vivência mediante lugares de fala distintos. Experiências artísticas retratadas ao longo do texto estabelecem um vínculo com a subjetividade dos atingidos e seu entorno. Portanto, o artigo pretendeu seguir esse caminho.
Experiments and modelling of horizontal loading tests on small-scale foundations in sand
Authors: Galli A. , Mortara G.
Published: July 2021

The accurate prediction of settlements of shallow foundations under operational conditions is still an open issue for both scientists and engineers, in particular in the case of complex loading conditions (e.g. combined vertical and horizontal loads). The complexity of the soil mechanical response and the difficulty in managing a multiscale problem (ranging from the local scale of the soil representative elementary volume to the macro-scale of the structure) makes a rigorous modelling of such problems particularly demanding for standard numerical tools such as three-dimensional finite-element codes. In this perspective, the well-known macroelement approach may represent a valid simplified approach, capable of overcoming these limitations and allowing a comprehensive description of both serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state of such systems, particularly useful even for practitioners. In the paper, based on a small-scale 1g experimental campaign on a strip foundation, the effect of embedment is investigated over horizontal loading paths at a constant vertical load. In particular, relatively low vertical stress values are considered for the foundations, as it often happens in real structures under usual working conditions. A simple macroelement plastic model, based on a strain hardening law with non-associated flow rule is then proposed and validated over the available experimental data.
Gestión de marketing en la era digital: Estrategias para microempresas frente a la incidencia económica del Covid-19
Authors: Estrada-López Hilda Elena , Cáceres-Martelo Adriana Marcela , Uribe-Urán Adriana Patricia , Blanco-Ariza Ana Beatriz , Carvajalino-Pérez Christian Alberto , Melamed-Varela Enrique , Peralta-Miranda Pabla Eusebia
Published: July 2021

El nuevo escenario para los negocios que ha ocasionado la pandemia del COVID-19 se ha caracterizado por su representativa complejidad generando efectos globales en la salud pública. De acuerdo con la Universidad John Hopkins a marzo de 2021 se han registrado más de 125 millones de casos confirmados por esta enfermedad; en el marco de la situación de emergencia los gobiernos han asumido distintas medidas de confinamiento, aislamiento y distanciamiento social para mitigar y proteger la vida humana. Esta serie de disposiciones presentan un efecto en los entornos económico y social, incidiendo sobre la estructura de la economía mundial y generando un ambiente de incertidumbre para las empresas, proyectándose de acuerdo con la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) una contracción de la economía mundial para este nuevo periodo.
The Effect of Text Messaging on EFL Learners' Lexical Depth and Breadth
Authors: Behforouz Behnam , Frumuselu Anca Daniela
Published: July 2021

Using technology in the classroom context can be an effective way to learn a foreign or second language. Vocabulary is considered one of the important skills for identifying a learner's performance in various academic and non-academic contexts. The present paper investigated the effect of text messaging on learners' lexical knowledge and vocabulary size by using mobile learning ( m-learning). After the administration of an Oxford Placement Test, a total of 37 EFL learners were selected as the sample of the study. Before the treatment process, a word association test (WAT) and the updated vocabulary level test (UVLT) were administered as pre-tests. The learners received six vocabulary items selected from their coursebook through SMSs three times a week in addition to the in-class instruction. After finishing the treatment process, the WAT and the UVLT tests were administered again as post-tests to assess the learners' achievement and the effectiveness of the treatment. Since the normality of data distribution was not confirmed, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was run for mean comparisons. The findings showed no meaningful difference between the pre-tests and post-tests regarding the vocabulary depth scores, while there was a statistically significant difference based on vocabulary breadth. Therefore, it can be claimed that text messaging via m-learning had a significant impact on learners' vocabulary breadth. Curriculum developers and EFL teachers can benefit from the findings of the current study by considering the significance of text messaging for teaching different aspects of lexical knowledge.
University Students' Multidimensional State Boredom and Strategies to Cope with Classroom Boredom
Authors: Solhi Mehdi
Published: July 2021

This study sought to examine how university students' state boredom dimensions (i.e., disengagement, high arousal, low arousal, inattention, and time perception) and their boredom coping strategies (i.e., cognitive approach, behavioral approach, cognitive avoidance, and behavioral avoidance) in the classroom are mediated in relation to gender and academic year. A total of 186 undergraduate students from a Turkish university, majoring in English language teaching in the faculty of education voluntarily participated in the study. The results indicated that the male participants experienced higher levels of boredom than the females in all levels of the state boredom. Additionally, the females had more inclination to use cognitive approach, while the male participants exhibited more behavioral approach to cope with boredom. Secondly, the participants with different academic levels only scored differently in disengagement, a state boredom dimension, and in cognitive approach, a boredom coping strategy. The findings highlight the significance of identifying student boredom and thereby specifying strategies to relieve their boredom in the classroom. Indeed, by gaining a proper understanding of the reactions triggered by boredom in classes, we would be able to spot the developmental paths of these reactions and thereby adopt the necessary measures to deal with student boredom.
Contribución al conocimiento de los cangrejos (Meiura: Decapoda) de la Colección CEBUC, con registros adicionales en Colombia
Authors: Rivera-Pérez Juan Mateo , Llano-Arias Camilo Andrés , Gomes-Días Lucimar
Published: July 2021

Las colecciones biológicas constituyen un registro de la historia natural de las diferentes regiones y brindan información relevante para diversas investigaciones científicas concernientes con sistemática, biogeografía, y biología de la conservación, entre otras. En las colecciones relacionadas con artrópodos de Colombia, los cangrejos (Decapoda: Anomura y Brachyura) están poco representados, a pesar de ser el segundo país con la mayor diversidad de cangrejos de agua dulce a nivel mundial y poseer numerosos representantes de especies marinas y semiterrestres, tanto del Atlántico como del Pacífico. La pequeña representatividad del grupo en colecciones biológicas puede deberse al número reducido de especialistas en el grupo y al número limitado de muestreos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue ampliar el conocimiento de los decápodos de Colombia mediante la revisión de los especímenes depositados en la colección CEBUC. Se encontraron 98 individuos distribuidos en 15 familias, 23 géneros y 22 especies. Los ejemplares revisados corresponden a la región Centro Occidental y costa atlántica de Colombia, en donde Caldas es el departamento mejor representado, con el 50% de los registros. En este trabajo se registran ampliaciones altitudinales para la distribución de Hypolobocera bouvieri y Strengeriana fuhrmanni (Pseudothelphusidae). Además, se documentan ampliaciones en el rango de distribución para otras especies. Este trabajo constituye una fuente preliminar de información sobre la diversidad de los cangrejos a nivel regional y enfatiza que la diversidad puede incrementarse substancialmente con la ampliación del número de investigaciones y la revisión de colecciones biológicas.
Synthesis of a High-Precision Missile Homing System with an Permissible Stability Margin of the Normal Acceleration Stabilization System
Authors: Do Quang Thong
Published: July 2021

The proportional guidance method-based missile homing systems (MHS) have been widely used the real-world environments. In these systems, in order to destroy the targets at different altitudes, a normal acceleration stabilization system (NASS) is often utilized. Therefore, the MHS are complex and the synthesis of these systems are a complex task. However, it is necessary to synthesize NASS during the synthesis of the MHS. To simplify the synthesis process, a linear model of the NASS is used. In addition, we make use of the available commands in Control System Toolbox in MATLAB. Because the Toolbox has the commands to describe the transfer function, determine the stability gain margin, and the values of the transient respond of the linear automatic systems. Thus, this article presents two methods for synthesizing the missile homing systems, including (i) a method for synthesizing the MHS while ensuring the permissible stability gain margin of the NASS, and (ii) a method for synthesizing the MHS while ensuring the permissible stability margin of the NASS by overshoot. These techniques are very easy to implement using MATLAB commands. The synthesis of the proposed MHS is carried out by the parametric optimization method. To validate the performance of the proposed techniques, we compare them withthe MHS synthesized by ensuring the stability margin of the NASS bythe oscillation index. The results show that, two our proposed methods and the existing method provide the same results in terms of high-precision. Nevertheless, the proposed methods are simple and faster than the conventional method. The article also investigates the effect of gravity, longitudinal acceleration of the rocket, andblinding of the homing head on the accuracy of the synthesized MHS. The results illustrate that they have a little effect on its accuracy.
Controlled Change in the Dimensions of an Axisymmetric Spacecraft Descending in the Atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Lyubimov V. V. , Bakry I.
Published: July 2021

In the presented work, a controlled change by dimensions of a spacecraft descending in the atmosphere of Mars is considered. The aim of the work is to obtain a method for calculating the mass and mass-geometric characteristics of a spacecraft when changing its dimensions, which provides angular velocity passive control during the descent of this spacecraft in a low-density atmosphere. In the process of solving this problem, the geometric and mass-geometric characteristics of the descent spacecraft (volume, cross-sectional area, moments of inertia) were calculated. It is assumed that the outer shape of the spacecraft posterior to the incoming flow is a one-sheet rotational hyperboloid, which changes its dimensions during the spacecraft descent in the low-density atmosphere of Mars. As a result of solving the nonlinear programming problem, the minimum and maximum values of the main axial moments of inertia are obtained, which able to spin the spacecraft relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry. The initial data for solving the nonlinear programming problem are the minimum volume and the maximum cross-sectional area of the hyperboloid, calculated according to the specified intervals of the variable controlling the dimensions of this surface. The method for calculating the mass and mass-geometric characteristics of a spacecraft when changing its dimensions ispresented, which makes it possible to control the magnitude of the angular velocity of a symmetric spacecraft in the low-density atmosphere of Mars without the use of onboard jet engines. In particular, it is shown in the work that as the height of the hyperboloid increases, the moment of inertia about the spacecraft longitudinal axis of symmetry decreases, accompanied by an increase in the moments of inertia about the transverse axes of symmetry. It can be shown that in this case there is an increase in the angular velocity of the spacecraft about the longitudinal axis, which makes it possible to achieve a stable orientation of the spacecraft upon entering the atmosphere. However, a more detailed study of the dynamics ofthe spacecraft relative motionwith a changeable shape in the atmosphere is beyond the scope of this work, but it can be presented in further publications.
COMPOUND NOUNS WITH SOMATIC COMPONENT IN GERMAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Lysak Myroslava
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to the study of semantics and functioning of compound nouns with a somatic component (CNSC) in the German language, in particular, the CNSC in German political discourse within the period from 2016 to 2020. Main semantic and functional features of CNSC are being determined. The article is focused on the role of CNSC in creating a pragmatic effect of publications within the political topics, looks into a powerful manipulative influence on the reader during the formation of a positive image of the politician or his deliberate discrediting, including the possibility of using individual compound nouns with a somatic component in order to ridiculize and undermine his image. The study explores metaphorical and metonymic transfers, on the basis of which the semantics of such compound nous with a somatic component in German political discourse is developing. The investigation presents the classification of a compound nouns with a somatic component into thematic subgroups within the thematic block “Politics”, the relationship of these groups in German-language mass media texts with political items, the semantic evolution of such compound nouns with a somatic component. Compound nouns with a somatic component with positive, negative, and ambivalent connotations which are actualized within the German political discourse, are also being explored. The studied lexical units belong to the dynamic and innovative part of the German lexicon, they represent the creativity of speakers, as well as their aspiration for their speech individualization and its emotional richness.
GENDER VS GRAMMATICAL GENDER IN MODERN ENGLISH
Authors: Belova Alla
Published: July 2021

The article highlights paradigm shift in the Category of Gender triggered by expansion of gender roles spectrum in western world. This category is not reduced to the binary opposition of masculine and feminine any more and does not balance binary oppositions of grammatical gender and biological sex. To categorize new gender identities English naming and word-formation patterns and basic gender terms (male, female, masculine, feminine) were used. Some initialisms, firstly LGTB, gender derivatives were borrowed by other languages as English neologisms. In the 21st century gender-related coinages in Modern English are mushrooming. Mass Media give wide coverage of LGBT movement, fight for their rights, contribution of celebrities to spread and popularization of LGBT culture. New gender identities triggered extension of the initialism LGTB to LGTBQIA+ where the mathematical symbol stands for other diversities unindentified by letters and words yet. Gender diversity will pose the question about appropriate pronouns, so changes within grammatical gender. Mass media texts give numerous examples of increasing gender terms combinability in English, new contexts and make it possible to conclude that LGBT lexico-semantc group in present-day English is developing rapidly. Social trends, naming patterns in English, cognitive mechanisms behind them pose multiple questions about categorization, correlation of biological sex, gender diversities and grammatical gender in English and other languages.
The “Revisionist Revolution” and Future Prospects of Vygotskian Studies
Authors: Maidansky A.D.
Published: July 2021

This article provides critical analysis of A. Yasnitsky’s project of “Cultural-Historical Gestalt Psychology.” He uses this term to describe Vygotsky’s biggest discovery and the future of Vygotsky studies. Yasnitsky discards the activity approach to studying the human mind and reduces the social nature of personality to an “aspect” that did not receive serious elaboration in Vygotsky’s works. In the present article, it is argued that the prospect of the development of cultural-historical theory consists in elaborating on Vygotsky’s project of “height / acmeist psychology.” Its subject matter is “the reverse movement from consciousness to life,” as Vygotsky put it. The purpose of height psychology is to help humans master their affects by means of concepts. This science realizes “the motion toward freedom — toward a life guided by reason.”
The Process of Subject Content Transformation as Examined Through Psychological and Sociological Perspectives: A Study Conducted in Oxfordshire, England
Authors: Khan S.
Published: July 2021

Drawing from psychological and sociological fields, this study examines how teachers transform subject con-tent for student learning in a classroom situation. Research on understanding teaching has downplayed the framing of macro-regulative contexts in shaping teachers’ thinking and thereby pedagogy. Vygotsky [75; 76] brought to focus the teacher’s role in mediating learning in classrooms through the use of psychological tools but could not fully, in his lifespan, attend to the sociocultural contexts that impact those who work within them. To address this gap, the study draws on the educational sociologist Bernstein’s social theory [9; 10] which states that the ways in which institutions regulate the social relations within them impact the pedagogic practices in these contexts. A qualitative multicase study was applied and involved several English and mathematics secondary school teach-ers from Oxfordshire, England. The cross-case analysis reveals a connection between the micro-processes of teach-ing and learning and macro regulative discourse; demonstrates that teachers’ pedagogic decisions are influenced by their reflections on their institutional culture within which and using which they work; and reveals an interplay of several processes in the ways in which teachers mediate and shape the quality of their students’ learning.
«Can I change mine?» Role Experimentation in Adolescents’ Digitally Mediated Social Emotional Learning
Authors: Potapov K.
Published: July 2021

Schools are increasingly focusing on ways to increase adolescents’ self-efficacy in areas of their life from relationships to sleep. Commercially available apps such as mood and sleep trackers may be able to sup-port this process. This paper draws on Rubtsova’s explication of “role experimentation” and on Vygotsky’s reading of Freud to delineate dynamics within adolescent personality development. This theoretical back-ground is utilized in a study of seven 12—13 year-olds in a secondary school in London. Participants used an app designed by other students to track their sleep for two weeks. Their data mediated dramatic situations while discussing their experiences with their peers in the study. This process supported self-reflection and helped participants develop concepts for talking about their everyday life in subsequent one-on-one interviews. In negotiating peer and student roles, participants experimented with scientific and everyday concepts, allowing them to see their own data and the experiences it signified from a new angle.
W cieniu Marny: Życie codzienne Paryża u progu Wielkiej Wojny w świetle popularnej prasy paryskiej
Authors: Nossowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2021

Na przełomie lipca i sierpnia 1914 r., wraz ze zbliżającą się wojną, zmieniła się organizacja i charakter życia codziennego Paryżan. Przemieszczanie się, zasady i godziny funkcjonowania sklepów, instytucji publicznych, lokali rozrywkowych, kafejek, komunikacji miejskiej podlegają nowym regulacjom. Ponadto pojawiają się problemy ściśle związane z wojną, które wyciskają swoje piętno na życiu miasta: opieka nad rannymi, problem uchodźców, warunków życia rodzin zmobilizowanych żołnierzy, przygotowania do obrony miasta w obliczu klęski wojny granicznej. W ciągu kilku tygodni Paryż z „la ville lumière” zamienia się w „la ville de guerre”, a prasa codzienna rejestruje na bieżąco owe zmiany wskazując przy tym na problemy najważniejsze z punktu widzenia Paryżan, nastroje ulicy, staje się też, poprzez wymowę i tematykę artykułów, jednym z narzędzi budowania morale.
Główne płaszczyzny konfliktu Kościoła katolickiego z obozem piłsudczykowskim w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Sołga Przemysław
Published: July 2021

Kościół katolicki w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, a konkretnie większość przedstawicieli jego wyższego duchowieństwa, pozostawał w stałym konflikcie z obozem politycznym Józefa Piłsudskiego. Składały się na niego takie czynniki, jak indyferentyzm religijny członków obozu piłsudczykowskiego, ich przynależność do masonerii, rozwiązłość w życiu prywatnym, lewicowe i socjalistyczne inklinacje oraz posługiwanie się w kulturze politycznej instrumentami typowymi dla państwa totalitarnego, zwłaszcza po roku 1926. Osobny aspekt stanowiły osobiste animozje Marszałka z poszczególnymi przedstawicielami kleru oraz poparcie, jakie ci ostatni wyrażali w stosunku dla konkurencyjnych opcji politycznych o odchyleniu prawicowym. Mimo wszystko obóz piłsudczykowski szukał konsensusu z Kościołem katolickim w Polsce, zdając sobie sprawę z jego wpływów i częstokroć podejmował działania idące na jego korzyść. Także niektórzy przedstawiciele polskiego episkopatu, z prymasem na czele, wychodzili z założenia, że w zaistniałej sytuacji jedynym stosownym rozwiązaniem jest szukanie wspólnej nici porozumienia z obozem rządzącym w Polsce.
Wyczerpanie alokacji a prawo wnioskodawcy do otrzymania dofinansowania z funduszy unijnych. Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 11 kwietnia 2019 r. (I GSK 378/19)
Authors: Porzeżyńska Magdalena
Published: July 2021

The commented judgement concerns the issue of refusal to grant co-financing from EU funds in a situation in which during the appeal procedure (as a result of which the project obtained a higher score than other projects that received funding), the funds allocated to the competition were exhausted. In the commented judgement, the Supreme Administrative Court considered whether the refusal to grant funding motivated by exhaustion of the allocation may give way to the institution’s obligation to shape competition procedures in such a way that the appeal procedure in these circumstances does not turn out to be merely illusory. In this commentary, the author approved the conclusion of the Court that the amount of funds allocated to the competition is secondary to the institution’s obligation to ensure a correct and reliable application evaluation procedure. It is necessary to shape the competition procedures in such a way that the entity which launched the appeal procedure has the opportunity to prove its arguments and, as a consequence, to receive the subsidy. The conclusions made by the Supreme Administrative Court remain particularly relevant from the perspective of the upcoming works on the new act defining the rules for the implementation of cohesion policy programs financed in the 2021–2027 financial perspective.
O administracji ogólnej II Rzeczypospolitej uwag kilka w świetle monografii Jarosława Kostrubca „Administracja ogólna w myśli prawniczej Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej”
Authors: Przygodzki Jacek
Published: July 2021

This review article is devoted to the problems of general administration in interwar Poland, based on Jarosław Kostrubiec’s monograph entitled Administracja ogólna w myśli prawniczej Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. The Author’s main goal was to determine the political and legal position of general administration in Polish jurisprudence of the discussed period, which found expression not only in the literature of the subject, but first and foremost in the premises and drafts of normative acts, as well as the propositions of then functioning Commissions for the Improvement of Public Administration. This objective has been achieved, and the reader has been presented with a concise monograph, which presents the doctrine’s view of the important concepts of administrative law and the science of administration: general administration, consolidation of administration, and deconcentration of administration. The unquestionable achievement of the Author is his references to the currently binding doctrine of administrative law when analyzing the conceptual nomenclature of the Second Polish Republic. This has allowed to bring the achievements of Polish jurisprudence of the interwar period closer to his contemporaries.