bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melihat Kebijakan Penanganan Covid-19 yang Populer di Kalangan Masyarakat Aceh
Authors: Rassanjani Saddam , Helmi Helmi , Lingga Minawati
Published: February 2023

The Aceh government has deployed several programs and policies in tackling the global disaster of COVID-19. Still, there is currently no sign that the community can fully breathe a sigh of relief and say goodbye to Corona. This study aims to look at people's perception of policies or programs from the government in handling COVID-19 in Aceh Province. The research method used to answer research questions here is a mixed-methods approach, i.e., quantitative through survey and qualitative through literature studies. The results showed that the 4M Health protocol (Wearing Masks, Maintaining Distance, Washing Hands, Avoiding Crowds) is considered the most effective policy in reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus according to the people's perception of Aceh. Meanwhile, the implementation of curfews in the pandemic era is considered a very unpopular program in the eyes of the people of Aceh. Apart from the pros and cons of the Acehnese people against several policy packages in handling the pandemic since 2020, the government has tried to maximize their performance in tackling COVID-19. Therefore, to achieve the government's goal in solving the COVID-19 problem from the earth of Aceh, cooperation between the government and the community is needed to support each other in fighting the virus. It is expected that the government will continue to be consistent in protecting the community from the dangers of COVID-19, and it is also expected to publish several policies and programs that can end the pandemic appropriately and quickly.
Peran Camat dalam Melaksanakan Fungsi Pembinaan dan Pengawasan Terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa
Authors: Nggaa Paulus K.
Published: February 2023

This paper seeks to find answers two big questions in village financial management, namely: first, what is the role of the sub-district head in carrying out the function of fostering and supervising village financial management? Second, how to understand the substance of the village financial management process? The district head carries out a functional role consisting of facilitation, coordination, and recommendations. One of the facilitation functions is coaching and supervising village financial management. The Real conditions illustrate that there are still many problems encountered due to the chaotic process of village financial management. This research is qualitative by using the descriptive method. The author collects data through interviews were conducted with related parties such as the sub-district head, head of the government section, the village head, village finance head, and village community members. The results of the study illustrate that the role of the sub-district head is still not optimal, because the space provided by the district is only administratively limited to conducting pre-evaluation activities on the 3 mandatory documents that must be owned by the village and controlling development activities that occur in the village. village in the survey and verification stage. For this reason, it is necessary to make significant changes to overcome it. Concrete steps that can be taken are by simplifying work procedures through an information technology approach and involving the sub-district head in the entire village financial management process starting from the planning and budgeting stages, implementation and administration as well as reporting and accountability.
Permasalahan dan Dampak dari Implementasi Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka terhadap Sistem Politik
Authors: Makarim Muhammad Revan Fauzano , Fahmi Khairul
Published: February 2023

The holding of elections is a form the implementation of democratic values ​​in which the freedom of expression from citizens for the fulfillment of rights based on the principle for being free to choose and be elected. In its implementation, elections are related to legal aspects and will always experience legal dynamics in the context of each stage of its implementation. The dynamics of the law occur when the implementation of the election is in line with the changing of the legislation governing the implementation of the election which has been regulated periodically for its implementation. Then the enactment of Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Implementation of Elections by the House of Representative with the approval of the President. Stipulation of Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Implementation of Elections shows that there is a legal construction related to the handling of violations and disputes. The violations consist of election crimes, election administration violations, and violations of the code of ethics for election administrators. Then these problems have an impact on its implementation, one of which is in the spotlight is the application of the open proportional electoral system as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 on the Open Proportional Election System. The problems in the implementation of this electoral system have an impact on the political system, political parties, and government stability, which then leads to the vulnerability of money politics practices and then causes systematic chaos that disrupts the growth of democracy.
Peran Posyandu Sebagai Pusat Informasi Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak di Desa Suak Puntong Kecamatan Kuala Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya
Authors: Maulizar Aja , Debby Reiza Macella Agatha
Published: February 2023

This study examines the role of posyandu as a center for maternal and child health information in Suak Puntong Village, Kuala Pesisir District, Nagan Raya Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of posyandu as a health information center and the active role of the community in utilizing posyandu program services as basic health. This study uses an approach approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The role of Posyandu in Suak Puntong Village, Kuala Pesisir Subdistrict, Nagan Raya Regency, which is the main target for mothers and children, still needs more innovative health information centers. The problems faced in Suak Puntong Village are due to the lack of awareness of mothers to take their children to the posyandu and a narrow understanding of posyandu activities that are limited to weighing toddlers and other reasons, namely mothers are busy working. Posyandu as a health information center in Suak Puntong Village works as a basic health service as well as a motivator for villagers to improve health quality through its program in the form of an integrated family program. The integrated program provides contributions, weighing children under five, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, examination of pregnant women, family planning programs, and marginal age couples.
Analisis Dampak Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terhadap Etika Penyelenggara Pemilu
Authors: Fendra Harid , Putri Indah Adi , Ariany Ria
Published: February 2023

Law number 7 of 2017 has given a mandate to the Election Organizing Honorary Council (DKPP) as the body tasked with assessing and deciding the code of ethics for election organizers with a "Final and Binding" nature as stated in article 458 paragraph (13) meaning that there is no further effort other laws that can be taken, the implementation of the phrase "final and binding" is considered contrary to the Constitution because it can harm the constitutional rights of the organizers when the decision is wrong and cannot be corrected which can lead to disruption of the independence of the organizers as well as legal certainty and can disrupt the organizers' fair principle, then the judicial review was submitted to the Constitutional Court where the Constitutional Court decided that the phrase "Final and Binding" was contrary to the 1945 Constitution because DKPP was part of the general election organizing body and not other general judicial institutions. Continuing to the Administrative Court of course the decision has an impact on the ethics of the organizers, the formulation of the problem in this paper is how the impact of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number: 32/PUU/-XIX/2021 on the ethics of the organizers. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. The data used is secondary data, namely laws, decisions, regulations, books, journals and literature. The results of the study conclude that the decision of the Constitutional Court can have an impact on upholding the principles of Independent, Fair and Legal Certainty but also can not have any impact because 1. The nature of the decision of the Constitutional Court which is Declaratoir Constitutief 2. There is no norm in Law No. 7 of 2017 which regulates the obligation of the DKPP to implement the PTUN decision. 3. The ethical sanctions sentence in Law number 7 of 2017 is only directed at two organizing institutions, namely the KPU and Bawaslu.
Dinamika Proses Promosi Jabatan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Rusdiono Rusdiono , Patriani Ira , Padilah Ahirul Habib
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the dynamics of the promotion process within the West Kalimantan Province's administrative structure. This essay's main concern is with laws and rules that have carefully and objectively governed the public bureaucracy's promotion system. The data are secondary data from numerous books, journals, internet news sources, and scientific papers. The method is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data were gathered and examined from the various literatures. The study's findings show that the West Kalimantan Provincial Government's promotion system continues to give priority to traditional, structural, and patrimonial values, leaving employees who receive promotions in a powerless position with no leverage when negotiating with superiors. The study's finding is that Indonesia has only just begun to implement contemporary bureaucracy, and that it has not fully integrated its values.
Strategi Penanggulangan Pelanggaran Lalu Lintas Terhadap Remaja (Studi pada Satlantas Polresta Banda Aceh)
Authors: Syarifuddin T , Lestari Rania Endah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the efforts and obstacles of the Banda Aceh Resort Police Traffic Unit in tackling Traffic Violations by Teenagers as Motorcyclists. This research uses qualitative methods. Data sources are obtained through methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data inspection technique uses the triangulation technique method. The results of the study are known that the efforts of the Banda Aceh Resort Police Traffic Unit in tackling traffic violations committed by teenagers as motorcyclists, preventive actions, namely collaborating with several schools in Banda Aceh City to educate students not to do dangerous things using their motorcycles, either by violating traffic rules or by modifying motorcycles that can interfere with the driving comfort of others. Repressive efforts are carried out with raids to regulate traffic violations, to provide education and a deterrent effect so that teenagers who are not old enough to ride motorcycles do not use motorcycles on the road. The obstacles of the Banda Aceh Resort Police Traffic Unit in tackling Traffic Violations by Teenagers as Motorcyclists are, Neglected by parents has led to an increase in the phenomenon of school students using motorcycles even though they are not yet 17 years old. Research advises it is hoped that parents can provide understanding to their teens not to use motorcycles on the road because of the risk of accidents and crossings by the police for violating traffic rules
Prática de análise linguística/semiótica nas aulas de língua portuguesa: o que ainda precisamos discutir?
Authors: Costa-Hübes Terezinha da Conceição , Pereira Rodrigo Acosta
Published: February 2023

No campo da Linguística Aplicada, em especial nos últimos 10 anos, tem ascendido um conjunto de pesquisas voltadas ao que se denominou, a partir de Geraldi (1984), ‘prática de análise linguística’. Tais pesquisas têm buscado, dentre vários outros objetivos, delinear caminhos teórico-metodológicos e didático-pedagógicos em torno do trabalho com conhecimentos linguísticos nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa (LP) em contexto da Educação Básica (EB). Após a publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC - BRASIL, 2018), acrescenta-se ao termo ‘prática de análise linguística’, a palavra ‘semiótica’. Sob esse panorama, nosso objetivo neste artigo é apresentar um debate, teórico-metodologicamente amparado, sobre o que é (ou que deveria ser) a ‘prática de análise linguística/semiótica’ (PAL/S) no contexto da aula de LP na EB. Longe de um viés modelizador ou prescritivo, visamos delinear um debate em torno de elementos caracterizadores, com o intuito de ‘abrirmo-nos ao diálogo’ em busca de contrapalavras acerca do trabalho com a PAL/S no Brasil. Nosso artigo é essencialmente teórico-metodológico, à luz da revisão bibliográfica e documental, porém com o propósito explícito de responder (em termos bakhtinianos) a diferentes (re)apropriações e contradições em torno do trabalho com a PAL/S na aula de LP.
Registros de enfermagem e médicos sobre pacientes com sepse ou choque séptico em emergência hospitalar
Authors: Lohn Arilene , Nascimento Eliane Regina Pereira do , Lazzari Daniele Delacanal , Malfussi Luciana Bihain Hagemann de , Hermida Patrícia Madalena Vieira
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: analisar os registros de enfermagem e médicos em prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico suspeito ou confirmado de sepse ou choque séptico em uma emergência hospitalar. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal descritivo. Amostra composta por 127 pacientes, admitidos no período de junho a outubro de 2019. Os dados foram coletados em instrumento, tipo checklist. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, com valores expressos em frequências simples e percentuais. Resultados: referente à mensuração dos sinais vitais, 39,4% dos prontuários não apresentavam registros completos. Verificou-se administração do microbiano na primeira hora de atendimento, 21,4%, e em horários de aprazamento padronizados pela instituição, 80,4%. Foram encontradas prescrições médicas sem registro de data e hora, respectivamente 21,3% e 38,6%. Conclusão: a análise dos registros da assistência de pacientes com diagnóstico suspeito ou confirmado de sepse ou choque séptico, indicam fragilidades no processo de trabalho das equipes de enfermagem e médica.
Cyberdomænet i Ukrainekrigen: et udvidet kamprum med proxyaktører, eskalationsstiger og fjendemærkater
Authors: Jakobsson André Ken , Nielsen Liv
Published: February 2023

Ruslands invasion af Ukraine indvarsler en ny æra af konflikt mellem teknologisk avancerede stater, hvor det fysiske domænes konventionelle krig smelter sammen med krigsførelse i cyberdomænet. Ukrainekrigens unikke karakter er kendetegnet ved et udvidet kamprum, hvor den militære logik trænger ind i den civile sfære og skaber nye konfliktrelationer på tværs af offentlige og private skillelinjer. På denne baggrund udforsker artiklen, hvordan Ukrainekrigens udvikling informerer tre af cyberdomænets kernespørgsmål. Første spørgsmål handler om relationen mellem staten og ikkestatslige aktører med et fokus på brugen af cyberproxyer i krigen under inddragelse af Ukraines it-hær. Andet spørgsmål handler om afskrækkelse og eskalering af konflikten gennem cyberdomænets eskalationsstiger og -tærskler, der angår strategisk signalering og udvides med eskalationsgitteret. Tredje spørgsmål omhandler attribuering, der er en politisk højspændt affære, hvor aktøren bag cyberoperationer påsættes et fjendemærkat. Artiklen konkluderer på, hvordan de hidtidige erfaringer fra krigen kan informere brugen af cyberdomænet i fremtidens konflikter.
The cyber domain in the Ukraine War: A developed battlespace with proxy actors, escalation ladders and enemy labels
Authors: Jakobsson André Ken , Nielsen Liv
Published: February 2023

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine ushers in a new era of conflict between technologically advanced states, where conventional war in the physical domain merges with warfare in the cyber domain. The unique character of the war in Ukraine is characterized by an expanded battle space, where the military logic penetrates the civilian sphere and creates new conflictual relations across public and private spaces. Against this background, the article explores how the evolution of the Ukraine war informs three core questions of the cyber domain. The first question regards the relationship between the state and non-state actors, with an emphasis on the use of cyber proxies in the war focusing on Ukraine’s IT army. The second question regards deterrence and escalation of the conflict through the cyber domain’s escalation ladder and strategic signaling, which is expanded upon through an escalation grid. The third question concerns attribution, which is a politically charged affair where the actor behind cyber operations is labeled an adversary. The article concludes on how these preliminary experiences from the war can inform use of the cyber domain in future conflicts.
Ukraine and the end of civilian innocence
Authors: Petersen Karen Lund
Published: February 2023

Several US think tanks and newspapers have described the current security situation in Ukraine as marking a new world order – a post-post Cold War – in which Russia and China have entered the scene as major powers, and where the EU’s internal power relations are consolidated and strengthened. However, the description of this new reality of great power rivalry is only part of the picture that emerges. The fact of the matter is that our ideas about how to combat threats and who is responsible for this fight have fundamentally changed. Today’s geopolitics are not only fought by states, within the framework of diplomacy and military institutions, but also by Danish and other Western companies. This article examines what characterizes the role of Danish companies in Danish security politics and what this development means for our understanding of security politics in the coming years.
Hvordan Ruslands krig styrker Vesten
Authors: Larsen Henrik
Published: February 2023

Denne artikel fremhæver tre nøgleaspekter af den vestlige tilpasning til Ruslands krig mod Ukraine og giver bud på, hvordan de fælles politikker kan optimeres fremover. Det første er den forestående styrkelse af NATOs konventionelle forsvar mod Rusland, hvis bæredygtighed imidlertid vil afhænge af europæiske bidrag, efterhånden som USA fokuserer mere på Asien. Det andet er bevarelsen af den fælles robusthed over for både Rusland og Kina, hvor NATO bør holde sig til det snævre militære aspekt, og EU til det bredere civile aspekt. Det tredje er spørgsmålet om Ukraine som en del af Vesten, hvor førstnævntes ringe reformfremskridt og sidstnævntes manglende vilje til at intervenere militært tegner det realistiske scenarie af landets fortsatte associering med Vesten.
Hanging under the ledge: synergistic consequences of UVA and UVB radiation on scyphozoan polyp reproduction and health
Authors: Johnson Lauren E. , Treible Laura M.
Published: February 2023

Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted by the sun can damage and kill living cells in animals, plants, and microorganisms. In aquatic environments, UVR can penetrate nearly 47 m into the water column, severely impacting many marine organisms. Jellyfish are often considered resilient to environmental stressors, potentially explaining their success in environmentally disturbed areas, but the extent of their resilience to UVR is not well known. Here, we tested resiliency to UVR by exposing benthic polyps of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia sp., to UVA and UVB—the two types of UVR that reach Earth’s surface—both separately and in combination. We quantified asexual reproduction rates and polyp attachment to hard substrate, in addition to qualitative observations of polyp health. There were no differences in asexual reproduction rates between polyps exposed to isolated UVA and polyps that received no UVR. Polyps reproduced when exposed to short term (∼7–9 days) isolated UVB, but long-term exposure limited reproduction and polyp attachment to the substrate. When exposed to both UVA and UVB, polyps were unable to feed and unable to remain attached to the substrate, did not reproduce, and ultimately, experienced 100% mortality within 20 days. Although many studies only examine the effects of UVB, the combination of UVA and UVB here resulted in greater negative impacts than either form of UVR in isolation. Therefore, studies that only examine effects of UVB potentially underestimate environmentally relevant effects of UVR. These results suggest that polyps are unsuccessful under UVR stress, so the planula larval stage must settle in low-UVR environments to establish the success of the polyp stage.
Burden in caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome in Pernambuco, Brazil: analysis and application of the Zarit burden interview scale
Authors: Rego Filho Jerônimo Faustino , Sena Claudia , Wajnsztejn Rubens
Published: February 2023

With the increase in cases of microcephaly caused by the Zika virus, the demand for special care and a better quality of life for the child and caregiver increased proportionally.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the burden on caregivers of children with congenital Zika syndrome associated with viral infections in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil using the Zarit Burden interview scale.

Method

A quantitative study was conducted at the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, Recife City, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. By convenience sampling, 56 mothers, two grandmothers, and two caregivers were enrolled, all are female. Data were collected from July 2019 to January 2020. In the analysis, the percentage frequencies were calculated. The normality was identified using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and participant profiles were compared using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance. In descriptive statistics, quantitative variables are described by the median and interquartile range and categorical variables by proportions using the Chi-square test.

Results

In the comparative analysis, all factors evaluated were significant, except for the “gestational period in which the disease occurred” (p < 0.111). The significance of differences in all activities was evaluated. In the mean comparison test, only the factor “has a job” was significant (p < 0.043). When comparing the average of caregivers’ responses to the categories of the Zarit burden interview scale, the highest level of burden was regarding the feeling that the child is dependent on the caregiver (3.62 points). Caregiver burden was classified as absence, light, moderate, and high.

Conclusion

The consequences of contracting the Zika virus in the first trimester of pregnancy, lack of paid work, financial scarcity, full-time dedication to the child, and lack of time for themselves increase the burden on caregivers. Thus, caregivers have mild burden.
High-throughput Treg cell receptor sequencing reveals differential immune repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis with kidney deficiency
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jiao Wei , Deng Hui , Hu Congqi , Xu Jia , Yu Jiahui , Liu Lijuan , Zhang Mingying , Liu Jiduo , Chen Guangxing
Published: February 2023

Background

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important immune cells that are regulated by adaptive immunity in the composition of Treg-cell subsets and T-cell receptors (TCRs). Treg cells are related to most autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), RA is typically attributed to kidney deficiency (KD) associated with the immunosenescence that causes immune dysfunction and the impaired function of Treg cells. So far, however, no mechanism related to KD and immune repertoires has been identified in RA.

Methods

Flow cytometry and high-throughput Treg-cell receptor sequencing were used to investigate the amount of different Treg-cell subsets and the diversity of TCRs between RA patients and healthy subjects, as well as between KD RA and non-KD RA patients. RT-qPCR was used to validate the high-throughput sequencing results.

Results

The data showed that the amount of naïve Treg cells in KD patients was less than in non-KD RA patients (P = 0.004) with no significant differences observed between other subsets. In the TCR of Treg cells, the length of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) was low and clonotypes increased in the KD group compared with the non-KD group. The diversity and abundance of Treg TCRs were low, as determined by the Hill number. In addition, several V(D)J combinations, such as T-cell receptor beta variable 7-2 (TRBV7-2), TRBV11-1, TRBV13, TRBV15, and TRBJ2-3, varied significantly between the two groups, indicating that KD causes Treg dysfunction. RT-qPCR shows that FOXP3 expression in peripheral blood Treg is lower in KD than in non-KD.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate the close correlation between KD and immune repertoires in RA and provide a new evaluation method for RA in TCM.
Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia, Acute Pericarditis with Cardiac Tamponade as Presenting Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dubey Apurva , Acharya Sourya , Shukla Samarth , Kumar Sunil , Dodeja Himanshu
Published: February 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects mostly young women in which tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes cause damage to organs and tissues. SLE is characterised by aberrant immunological responses that result in the release of higher levels and immunogenic nucleic acids, proteins, and other self-antigens. Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) is a condition in which antibodies against red blood cells are present. It is classified as a warm and cold antibody AIHA. The causes of warm antibody AIHA are autoimmune illnesses, infections, or even malignancy. The presence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies can indicate warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (warm agglutinin anaemia), which is characterised by fatigue and other constitutional symptoms. Although, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia can be a component of the SLE spectrum, warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia as the first manifestation of SLE is exceedingly rare. This case report describes a case of a 23-years-old female who presented to the hospital with complaints of breathlessness and chest pain. After evaluation she was found to have pericardial tamponade and AIHA. Pericardiocentesis was done and further investigations confirmed the diagnosis of SLE. She was treated with injectable methylprednisolone, injectable antibiotics, Tab. hydroxychloroquine, Tab. febuxostat ,Tab. colchicine, oral antidiuretic, oral levothyroxine and other supportive management. The lack of unambiguous pathognomonic characteristics or tests, coupled with the variable presentation of SLE, makes diagnosis tricky. Overall, AIHA can be an initial presentation as well as a part of other disease processes, emphasising the significance of a comprehensive work in patients with AIHA.
Utility of Trichoderma Amended Compost to Manage Soil Borne Fungal Diseases of Vegetable Crops in Kota District of Rajasthan (India)
Authors: Sharma Lalita , Shrivastava Pratima
Published: February 2023

In the present research article, Trichoderma species was isolated and multiplied on a growth medium without contamination for compost preparation. The aim of this study was detecting organic substrates of Trichoderma spp. for their antagonistic ability, for this purpose six major agricultural fields of Kota district are selected , from each field about 3-3 samples of soil are collected to detect the percentage of fungal disease incidence and tricho-compost was applied over diseased plants to minimize the fungal attack over vegetable crops. It was observed that the disease incidence is minimized by using tricho-compost mixed with soil in Gopalpura and Balita Village.
Impact of Paddy (Oryza sativa L) Production Technologies Advised by the KVK Jammikunta in Karimnagar District of Telangana State, India
Authors: Rao N. Venkateshwar , Jain P. K. , Kumar N. Kishore , Reddy M. Jagan Mohan
Published: February 2023

The present paper highlights the impact of paddy production technologies in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability in Karimnagar district of Telangana State (Formerly Andhra Pradesh). High impact in terms of adoption quotient, productivity and profitability of paddy production technologies is observed among the KVK Jammikunta adopted farmers compared to the non adopted farmers.
General Equilibrium Implications of Privatization on Environment and Unemployment in Vertically Related Markets
Authors: Wang Dianshuang , Yuan Run , Gao Lili
Published: February 2023

This paper is aimed at theoretically analyzing the environmental implications of privatization, adopted by many developing countries, using a three-sector general equilibrium model. The partially privatized firm owns a monopolistic position in upstream market and offers an essential intermediate input for downstream manufacturing sector. Both the privatized firm and manufacturing generate pollution that harms agricultural productivity. We obtain that the price elasticity of demand for manufacturing goods is crucial for determining the environmental impact of privatization. When the price elasticity is relatively small (large), deepening privatization raises (decreases) price of partial privatized firm and improves (deteriorates) the environment. We also show a paradoxical result that improving pollution abatement technology deteriorates the environment instead.
The Association between Socio-demographic Factors and the Six Protective Factors that Foster Resilience among Tanzania Primary Schools Teachers
Authors: Habibu Baruani Twalibu , Li Xinyu , Sun Qian
Published: February 2023

Stress has been counted as a major problem for many teachers; something led some of them to have ineffective job performance within teaching profession. This study designed to examine the association between socio-demographic factors and the six protective factors that foster resilience among Tanzania primary schools teachers. And it was guided by a research question which stated that how have socio-demographic factors associated with six protective factors that foster resilience among Tanzania primary schools teachers?

A total numbers of participants who filled and completed questionnaires were six hundred sixty two. The questionnaire had 36 items measuring six protective factors strongly associated with resiliency within teachers. And it was a Likert Scale ranged from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The six protective factors are such as purpose & expectations (PE), nurture & support (NS), positive connections (PC), meaningful participation (MP), life guiding skills (LGS), and clear & consistent boundaries (CCB).

Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied since we wanted to confirm the usability of scale items to Tanzania primary schools teachers. Basic descriptive statistics such as frequency, percent mean and standard deviation were calculated and used to describe the sample and the characteristics of the respondents. And since resilience of every domain was continuous variables multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine association of resilience of every domain.

The results of this study show that to a large extent these six protective factors have a great contribution in promoting resilience to primary schools teachers in Tanzania. The factors have been different in developing the level of resilience for the respective teachers according to the environment in which the teachers work in, something leads to different responses for each socio-demographic factors used in this study.
Uncommon Adrenal Tumors: A Case Series
Authors: Rani Singh Guddi , Sharma Richa , Kumar Anand , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Singh Rakesh , Kumari Mamta
Published: February 2023

Adrenal tumors are very rare. These lesions are called adrenal incidentalomas because they are incidentally detected through imaging procedure. Its prevalence ranges from 1.4% to 2.9% worldwide. Clinical suspicion, laboratory testing, Imaging and histopathological examination needed for definite diagnosis. We report three cases of adrenal tumors received at our institute between the year 2021 and 2022. Pheochromocytoma of Adrenal gland scaled score (PASS) tells about the prognosis based on histopathological findings. Earliest management is essential as these tumors are related with secretion of hormones and may have a poor prognosis.
Discriminant Function Analysis of Mandibular Condyle and Notch for Sex Determination
Authors: E. Edet Iboro , Olotu E. J. , Edibamode E. I.
Published: February 2023

Aim: This research aimed at deriving discriminant function equation from Bicondylar Braedth (BCB) and mandibular Notch Breadth (MNB) for sex determination.

Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for this research.

Place and Duration of Study: BCB and MNB measurements were obtained from 13 universities across South – South, South – East, North Central and South – west geo – political zones in Nigeria from January to June 2021.

Methodology: BCB and MNB were measured from 52 males and 30 females mandibles using vernire caliper. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23.0.

Results: Descriptive analysis of BCB showed higher mean values for males 115.46mm compared to females 107.78mm; while MNB showed a higher mean value for females 25.00mm compared to males 24.41mm. Independent t-test analysis of the parameters showed BCB had significant sexual difference while MNB did not show significant sexual difference at 95% confident interval. The discriminant function analysis of BCB well discriminated sex and after cross-validation, BCB accurately predicted 82.7% males and 56.7% females but MNB could not discriminate sex.

Conclusion: BCB is a reliable parameter for sex determination which is fundamental in forensic investigation whereas MNB is not suitable for sex determination.
Prevalence of Candidiasis among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Eleme and Okrika Local Government Areas of Rivers State
Authors: Ohale O. J. , Wemedo S. A. , Akani N. P.
Published: February 2023

Candidiasis is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by yeast, which affects mainly women. The prevalence of candidiasis among pregnant and non-pregnant women in two Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated. A total of ninety-five women from ages of 18 to 46 years were selected for the study. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant and non-pregnant women in two Local Government areas of Rivers State. The study population included pregnant and non-pregnant women. Vaginal specimens were collected and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and also sub cultured on Hi Crome Candida differential Agar. The isolates obtained were subjected to gram staining, germ-tube test and sensitivity testing. Nystatin and fluconazole are used as antifungal agent. Identified Candida species using cultured technique include Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilopsis. Results further revealed a higher prevalence rate of candidiasis in pregnant women 29.4% compared to non-pregnant women 13.68%. Results of distribution of candidiasis according to trimester of pregnancy showed that Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were more prevalent in pregnant women while the distribution for non-pregnant women showed that Candida albicans were the most implicated species that causes vaginal candidiasis. Twenty-six Candida albicans species were subjected to germ-tube test and ten isolates were confirmed positive to germ-tube formation. This study showed lower rate of candidiasiss in women due to high rate of personal hygiene and medical facilities provided and also the study showed a higher prevalence in pregnant women compare to non-pregnant women. The women at great risk were those between the ages of 26 to 35 years and in their third trimester. Candida albicans was the most prevalent vaginal Candida species across all age groups and trimesters. Appropriate health education is necessary to reduce candidiasis since poor hygiene can lead to opportunistic infection.
Perancangan Strategi Branding Stationery “Tifiti” untuk Mendukung Produktivitas
Authors: Abigail Sheila , Muljosumarto Cindy
Published: February 2023

Produktivitas merupakan kemampuan untuk mengelola sumber daya untuk menghasilkan sesuatu. Sayangnya, tingkat produktivitas di Indonesia terhitung cukup rendah. Bahkan, sebagian besar pekerja yang sudah memiliki latar belakang produktif kerap kali mengalami penurunan karena faktor kebosanan. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan stimulus yang mendukung produktivitas berupa stationery. Brand stationery ini dirancang dengan strategi yang berfokus pada brand experience. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun tahapannya yaitu, melakukan wawancara dengan stakeholder, consumer persona untuk mendapatkan consumer insight, dan SWOT kompetitor. Dengan landasan tersebut akan ditemukan brand essence dan brand positioning untuk menjadi landasan terbentuknya brand strategy.
Comparing the Hospital Frailty Risk Score and the Clinical Frailty Scale Among Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Chin Melanie , Kendzerska Tetyana , Inoue Jiro , Aw Michael , Mardiros Linda , Pease Christopher , Andrew Melissa K. , Pakhale Smita , Forster Alan J. , Mulpuru Sunita
Published: February 2023

Importance

Frailty is associated with severe morbidity and mortality among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation can treat and reverse frailty, yet frailty is not routinely measured in pulmonary clinical practice. It is unclear how population-based administrative data tools to screen for frailty compare with standard bedside assessments in this population.

Objective

To determine the agreement between the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) among hospitalized individuals with COPD and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the HFRS (vs CFS) to detect frailty.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation. The study was conducted in the respiratory ward of a single tertiary care academic hospital (The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). Participants included consenting adult inpatients who were admitted with a diagnosis of acute COPD exacerbation from December 2016 to June 2019 and who used a clinical care pathway for COPD. There were no specific exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed in March 2022.

Exposure

Degree of frailty measured by the CFS.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The HFRS was calculated using hospital administrative data. Primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of the HFRS to detect frail and nonfrail individuals according to CFS assessments of frailty, and the secondary outcome was the optimal probability threshold of the HFRS to discriminate frail and nonfrail individuals.

Results

Among 99 patients with COPD exacerbation (mean [SD] age, 70.6 [9.5] years; 56 women [57%]), 14 (14%) were not frail, 33 (33%) were vulnerable, 18 (18%) were mildly frail, and 34 (34%) were moderately to severely frail by the CFS. The HFRS (vs CFS) had a sensitivity of 27% and specificity of 93% to detect frail vs nonfrail individuals. The optimal probability threshold for the HFRS was 1.4 points or higher. The corresponding sensitivity to detect frailty was 69%, and the specificity was 57%.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, using the population-based HFRS to screen for frailty yielded poor detection of frailty among hospitalized patients with COPD compared with the bedside CFS. These findings suggest that use of the HFRS in this population may result in important missed opportunities to identify and provide early intervention for frailty, such as pulmonary rehabilitation.
Most-Cited Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Within Otolaryngology—Revisiting the Minimal Clinically Important Difference
Authors: Peterson Andrew M. , Miller Brevin , Ioerger Patrick , Hentati Firas , Doering Michelle M. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) allow clinicians and researchers to assess health-related information from a patient’s perspective. These measures have been used more frequently over the last several decades, but an associated minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is needed to optimize their utility. This narrative review identified the top 100 most-cited otolaryngology-related PROM development and validation publications and assessed the presence and characteristics of the PROMs’ associated MCID.

Observations

In this narrative review, a literature search in Scopus and Web of Science was conducted on June 29, 2022, using keywords related to PROM development and validation studies in otolaryngology and reference lists. Studies that met the definition of a PROM and assessed an otolaryngologic disorder or study population were included for full-text review. After full-text review of 188 articles, the top 100 most-cited PROM development and validation publications, resulting in 106 total PROMs, were chosen for review. A total of 39 (37%) of the identified PROMs had an associated MCID. Of those reporting an MCID, 14 (35.9%) used an anchor-based method, 12 (30.8%) used a distribution-based method, 10 (25.6%) used both, and 3 (7.7%) did not specify or used neither method. Rhinology had the greatest number of PROMs with an associated MCID (16 of 24, 66%), and pediatrics had the fewest (1 of 13, 7.7%). The median number of citations of PROMs with an MCID was higher than those without an MCID.

Conclusions and Relevance

The majority of the most-cited PROMs in otolaryngology lack an associated MCID. These data indicated that there are a multitude of PROMs that have been cited hundreds of times and used for decades without the ability to identify whether a particular change in score on the instrument is clinically meaningful. There is a need to determine and validate MCIDs for commonly used PROMs to aid clinical research and trial interpretation.
Assessment of ultrasound shear wave elastography: An animal ex‐vivo study
Authors: Wang Xiuming , Zhu Jiaan , Liu Yiqun , Li Wenxue , Chen Si , Zhang Huabin
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To explore the influence of the surrounding environment of the target tissue, lesion size, and rectangular sampling box size on shear wave speed (SWS).

Methods

The tendon SWS was acquired ex‐vivo. Then the tendons were dissected and buried in the couplant (gel) and evaluated by two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE). Finally, the tendons were placed in the isolated muscles to simulate the intramuscular lesions, and their elasticity was tested under two rectangular sampling box conditions. The isolated complete liver SWS was acquired. Similarly, the large and small pieces of livers were cut out, placed in the muscles, and assessed by SWE under two rectangular sampling box conditions. The SWS acquired under different conditions was compared. Variability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CV). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate repeatability.

Results

The SWS of the tendons ex‐vivo, buried in the couplant and placed in the isolated muscles showed significant differences (p < 0.001). The ex‐vivo condition produced the highest SWS and CV values. There were significant differences in SWS of livers with different sizes placed in muscles (p < 0.001). The highest SWS value was associated with small pieces of livers. No significant difference was found in SWS acquired under different rectangular box sizes (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Under the present study conditions, the surrounding environment of the target tissue makes a big difference to lesion SWS values. The lesion size will affect the assessment of its inherent elasticity. The size of the sampling frame has no significant effect on the tissue SWS.
Anti‐Dehydration and Rapid Trigger‐Detachable Multifunctional Hydrogels Promote Scarless Therapeutics of Deep Burn
Authors: An Heng , Zhang Meng , Zhou Liping , Huang Zhe , Duan Yongchao , Wang Cheng , Gu Zhen , Zhang Peixun , Wen Yongqiang
Published: February 2023

There are issues and challenges in treating deep burns because of the long recovery time, frequent dressing changes, wound infection, and easy to form scar that influence aesthetics. Besides, some specific tissues are not suitable for large dressing coverage (e.g., face, perineum). Therefore, an ideal deep burn dressing should have good adhesion properties to fit the wound effectively, painless and quick replacement, resistant to infection, accelerate wound healing, reduce scarring and facilitate monitoring and diagnosis. Herein, an anti‐dehydration and rapid‐trigger multifunctional hydrogel dressing is prepared by interface reaction. The Pacrylamide‐Formylboronicacid‐Tannic acid (PAFT) hydrogels are prepared by a simple method on anti‐dehydration elastomeric membrane, which is obtained using tannic acid as a dynamic cross‐linking agent with 3‐formylboronic acid and acrylamideunder UV light. The hydrogel exhibits a strong interfacial adhesion (892 J m−2 ± 65 J m−2), which rapidly (2 min) decreases (to 180 J m−2 ± 20 J m−2) when in the presence of glucose solution. The hydrogel has excellent anti‐dehydration and moisturizing properties, and also exhibits superior antibacterial properties, hemostasis, and biocompatibility. This hydrogel is transparent allowing effective observation of wound transformation and therapeutics. Moreover, PAFT hydrogel accelerates the healing of deep burns and reduces scars.
Ligand‐Binding Mediated Gradual Ionic Transport in Nanopores
Authors: Varol H. Samet , Förster Claire , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette
Published: February 2023

Selective binding of metal ions to their receptors at the cell membranes is essential for immune reactions, signaling, and opening/closing of the ion channels. Such ligand‐binding‐based pore activities inspire scientists to build metal‐ion‐responsive mesoporous films that can interact with metal ions to tune the ionic nanopore transport. However, to apply these mesoporous films in novel sensing and separation applications, their ligand‐binding‐triggered ionic pore transport needs to be understood fundamentally toward programming the transport of both anions and cations simultaneously and gradually. Herein, it is shown how Ca2+ ion concentration and attachment to the different chemistry silica nanopores tunes finely the nanopore transport of both anions and cations, especially for phosphate‐containing polyelectrolyte (PMEP) functionalized mesopores. This biased ligand binding can gradually regulate the transport of anions and cations, whereas pores without polymers can gradually regulate only the anionic transport. Last, pore polymer functionality related to Ca2+ ion binding also diverts the pores’ adsorption/desorption (reversibility) response. Almost fully reversible Ca2+ binding is observed in non‐functional pores and non‐reversible Ca2+ binding at the PMEP‐modified pores. It is also demonstrated that non/functional pores, even at sub‐µm concentrations, bind only divalent Ca2+ ions, but they are not selective to trivalent Al3+ ions.