bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Peserta Didik dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Aljabar dengan Tahapan Kastolan
Authors: Wismayanti Nurul Haslina , Marsitin Retno , Susilo Djoko Adi
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini agar kesalahan peserta didik dapat dideskripsikan dengan tahapan kastolan dalam penyelesaian soal aljabar di kelas 8 SMP tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti mengambil 3 subjek dalam penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan dari tes tulis, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data yang didapatkan akan dianalasis dengan mereduksi data yang kemudian data akan disajikan dan ditarik kesimpulan. Penelitian ini berhasil menunjukkan kesalahan memahami konsep (diketahui, ditanyakan, dan memisalkan) penyelesaian yang dilakukan subjek konseptual. Subjek prosedural melakukan kesalahan dengan tidak tepatnya menggunakan langkah penyelesaian dan tidak dapat menyelesaikan soal hingga tahap akhir, sedangkan subjek teknik melakukan kesalahan dalam prosedur perhitungan dan pemindahan (variabel, koefisien, dan konstanta). Penyebab dilakukannya kesalahan tersebut ialah tergesa-gesa saat mengerjakan soal, lupa pada materi, tidak tahu langkah penyelesaian yang digunakan serta ketelitian dalam perhitungan masih kurang. Jadi, subjek konseptual mampu menjawab soal hingga tahap akhir, langkah-langkah penyelesaian subjek prosedural tidak tepat dan subjek teknik kurang mampu melakukan operasi perhitungan dengan tepat. Diharapkan hasil penelitian dapat dipertimbangkan bagi para pendidik saat membuat strategi pembelajaran yang inovatif.
Validasi Video Cyber Pedagogy untuk Program Kuliah Pendidikan STEM
Authors: Agustiani Nur , Setiono Setiono , Windyariani Sistiana
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validasi media pembelajaran untuk program kuliah STEM yang berupa video pada topik cyber pedagogy. Pengembangan media video pembelajaran ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu Planning, Design, Development. Produk pada penelitian ini adalah video pada materi cyber pedagogy untuk program kuliah STEM. Validasi video ini melibatkan lima orang validator untuk mengukur kelayakan dari segi materi, media, dan bahasa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi berbentuk skala Likert terhadap video pembelajaran. Adapun penelitian ini menghasilkan video pembelajaran pada materi cyber pedagogy dengan hasil validasi materi 92,5%, validasi media 94,2%, dan validasi bahasa 90% dengan kriteria ketiganya sangat valid. Berdasarkan penilaian dari segi materi, media, dan bahasa, video yang dikembangkan layak digunakan.
Analysis of Students’s Mathematical Communication Ability in Learning Mathematics Using the Jigsaw Cooperative Method
Authors: Wulandari Firnanda Safira , Cholily Yus Mochamad , Kusumawardhana Adi Slamet
Published: October 2024

This research aims to determine students' mathematical communication skills in mathematics which was carried out using the Jigsaw cooperative method. The research method uses experimental research. The design in this research leads to a true experimental design with a posttest-only control design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling taken from odd semester student report cards. The research sample consisted of 2 classes, namely class VIIA and VIIB. The research instrument consists of a test sheet consisting of five descriptive questions with material about plane figures and an observation sheet containing two indicators of mathematical communication, written and oral. The data analysis technique uses an independent T-Test, so it can be concluded that (1) the Jigsaw type cooperative learning method has an effect on students' mathematical communication skills. (2) Independent sample T-Test with a significance value of  showing a significant difference between class VII A as the experimental class and class VIIB as the control class.
Pengaruh Model Discovery Learning terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas IX SMP
Authors: Bariyah Husnul , Yolanda Fitriana
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Discovery Learning terhadap kemampuan pemahaman  konsep matematis siswa SMP Negeri 4 Siak Hulu tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Eksperimen (Eksperimen Semu). Desain penelitian adalah Nonequivalent Control Group Design dengan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian yaitu seluruh siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Siak Hulu. Sampel dipilih kelas IX-4 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan model Discovery Learning (DL) dengan 32 orang siswa dan kelas IX-5 sebagai kelas kontrol yang menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional dengan 32 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu berupa tes prettest dan posttest. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data, yaitu Analisis Statistik Deskriptif dan analisis Inferensial, yaitu dengan uji-t. Dari data uji-t diperoleh thitung = 3,35 dan ttabel = 1,998 (thitung > ttabel). Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajran Discovery Learning (DL) terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep matematis siswa kelas IX SMPN 4 Siak Hulu.
Pengembangan Soal AKM TIPE PISA pada Konteks Melemang Muara Enim Berbasis PMRI dan PJBL
Authors: Marleny Arbella Sri , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Hartono Yusuf
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan soal AKM tipe PISA untuk siswa SD menggunakan konteks melemang Muara Enim berbasis PMRI dan PJBL yang valid, praktis, dan memiliki efek potensial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Design research tipe development study. Analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian berupa perangkat soal AKM tipe PISA menggunakan konteks melemang yang valid, praktis dan memlilki efek potensial sebanyak 7 butir soal. Valid dari segi konten, konstruk, dan bahasa berdasarkan penilaian validator, praktis berdasarkan uji coba small group dan memiliki efek potensial berdasarkan analisis hasil jawaban siswa dan angket pada field test. Bedasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa soal yang dikembangkan memiliki beberapa efek potensial, yaitu memunculkan pelibatan kemampuan dasar matematis yang beragam pada proses penyelesaiannya. Selain itu, juga mampu menarik minat dan memotivasi siswa sehingga tertantang menyelesaikan soal. Soal-soal ini juga memberikan stimulus kepada siswa untuk berpikir kritis menggunakan penalaran sendiri dalam penyelesaiannya.
Pengajuan Masalah Berorientasi HOTS: Kreativitas Calon Guru Matematika
Authors: Rahayu Dwi Shinta , Wulan Eka Resti
Published: October 2024

Pentingnya Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dikuasai oleh siswa membawa implikasi pada perlunya calon guru mempunyai kemampuan menyusun soal HOTS. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan 1) Mendeskripsikan  tingkat masalah HOTS yang diajukan oleh Calon Guru Matematika, 2) Mendeskripsikan kreativitas mahasiswa calon guru matematika dalam pengajuan masalah HOTS. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes pengajuan masalah kepada 85 subjek. Keabsahan data dicek menggunakan diskusi rekan sejawat, audit trail, dan member checks. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) tingkat masalah HOTS yang diajukan oleh calon guru matematika meliputi semua level kognitif HOTS berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom yang sudah direvisi, yaitu C4 (51,21%), C5 (23,19%), dan C6 (15,94), 2) Kreativitas calon guru matematika dalam mengajukan masalah matematis berorientasi HOTS dapat dibagi menjadi 5 tingkatan yaitu tingkat sangat kreatif (9,41%), kreatif (3,535), cukup kreatif (42,35%), kurang kreatif (11,76%), dan tidak kreatif (32,94%).
Pengaruh Math Anxiety dan Self Efficacy terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Yuliati Ikha , Septiadi Dimas Danar , Widyastuti Rany
Published: October 2024

Hasil belajar dijadikan tolak ukur keberhasilan suatu proses pembelajaran, termasuk pembelajaran matematika. Masih banyaknya siswa yang memiliki stigma negatif terhadap matematika turut memberikan dampak yang kurang baik terhadap hasil belajar matematika, Oleh karenanya perlu diketahu faktor apa saja yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar. Salah satu faktor yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika yaitu faktor internal berupa math anxiety dan self efficacy. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan melihat bagaimana pengaruh math anxiety dan self efficay, baik secara masing-masing maupun bersama-sama terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan tes. Angket digunakan untuk mendapatkan data math anxiety dan self efficacy siswa, dan tes digunakan untuk mendapatkan data hasil belajar. Kemudian data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama variabel x penelitian terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Temuan ini dibuktikan dengan nilai sig. tiap variabel x pada uji t < 0, 05, dan nilai sig. pada uji F < 0,05.
Pengembangan Modul Berbasis Model CORE dan Problem Solving Polya untuk Meningkatkan Self Regulated Learning dan Critical Thinking
Authors: Hadyah Furqon Fifiq Rachma , Wahid Sirojudin , Toheri Toheri
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui proses, kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektifan pengembangan pada modul dengan berbasis model CORE dan problem solving polya untuk meningkatkan self regulated learning dan critical thinking. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan (RnD) dengan metode ADDIE (Analys, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil kevalidan pada proses pengembangan dari aspek materi, aspek media, dan aspek bahasa dinyatakan sangat valid. Selanjutnya, pada kepraktisan mendapatkan kriteria sangat praktis sedangkan pada keefektifan modul yang dikembangkan dikatakan efektif karena nilai N-gain kelas eksperimen lebih besar dibandingkan nilai N-gain kelas kontrol. Peningkatan pada self regulated learning sebesar 16% dan peningkatan pada critical thinking sebesar 48,3%.
Student Errors in Solving System of Linear Inequalities Story Questions Based on Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA)
Authors: Purmanna Astrino , Raharjo Sigit
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to describe the types of error and the causes of student error in solve math story questions on the subject matter of systems of linear inequalities based on Newman's Error Analysis (NEA). The linear inequalities system material was chosen for this study because the linear inequalities system has components that students must understand so they can easily determine the error made by student. This study is a qualitative descriptive. The subjects of this study were taken using a purposive sampling technique and obtained 10 students in the 5th semester of math education study program, Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang. This research was divided into three stage, namely the preparation of research instrument, implementation and colection of data study and data analysis. The instrument used in this research is a description of 3 questions. Based on data analysis, the factor that led to student error in solve math story question on the subject matter of the system of linear inequalities based on NEA were inaccurate, unable to read questions, unable to understand the question, and unable to carry out procedure or steps that would used to problem solving. This study contributes to providing information on errors that are commonly made by student in solve math story questions on the subject matter system linear inequalities based on NEA.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Melalui Metode Student Created Case Studies Pada Materi SPLDV
Authors: Pikoli Santi , Ismail Sumarno , Pauweni Khardiyawan A.Y.
Published: October 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa melalui penggunaan metode pembelajaran Student Created Case Studies (SCCS) pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Bulango Utara pada tahun ajaran 2023-2024 semester ganjil. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII-1 SMP Negeri 1 Bulango Utara dengan jumlah total 25 orang terdiri atas 14 orang siswa laki-laki dan 11 orang siswa Perempuan. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru, lembar pengamatan aktivitas siswa dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Prosedur penelitian meliputi dua siklus yang setiap siklusnya terdiri dari; rencana, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.Hasil pengamatan aktivitas guru yang mencapai kategori baik dan sangat baik meningkat dari 66,67% menjadi 88,10%. Selanjutnya hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa yang mencapai kategori baik dan sangat baik meningkat dari 55,88% menjadi 85,29%. Adapun hasil kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa mengalami peningkatan dari 64% menjadi 84%. Semua aspek telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan pada siklus II melalui penggunaan metode Student Created Case Studies (SCCS).Kata Kunci: Student Created Case Studies (SCCS), Pemecahan Masalah Matematika, Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel.
Hubungan Konten Edukasi Matematika pada Aplikasi TikTok dengan Motivasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Sederajat
Authors: Eka Agustina Siti Rodliyah , Indriani Nina
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan konten edukasi matematika pada aplikasi TikTok dengan motivasi belajar matematika siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian korelasional. Peneliti memberikan instrumen penelitian berupa tautan google form kepada siswa SMA sederajat di Kabupaten Gresik berjumlah 95 siswa, adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian terhadap motivasi belajar matematika siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas sederajat menunjukkan skor total 645,4 dengan persentase 4% sangat tinggi, 60% tinggi, 25% sedang, dan 11% rendah. Hasil uji korelasi data menunjukkan bahwa nilai pearson correlation sebesar 0,208 didukung dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,043 yang menandakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara penggunaan konten edukasi matematika pada aplikasi TikTok dengan motivasi belajar matematika siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas sederajat di Kabupaten Gresik.
Learning Obstacle Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Pada Materi Aljabar Matematika
Authors: Asmara Putri Meilia , Suryadi Didi
Published: October 2024

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis learning obstacles yang terdapat pada materi aljabar matematika di jenjang SMP. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Dari database Publish or Perish (POP) dalam google scholar dengan rentang tahun 2020-2024 didapat 122 artikel yang sesuai. Selanjutnya, dilakukan screening dan hanya dipilih jurnal yang ber-indeks Sinta 1,2,3 dan 4 sebanyak 50 jurnal. Proses screening lebih lanjut ditemukan 20 artikel yang merupakan jurnal tingkat sekolah menengah pertama. Tahapan terakhir yaitu memilih jurnal yang mengkaji ketiga learning obstacles, yaitu ontogenic obstacle, epistemological obstacle, dan didactical obstacle. Pada tahap terakhir ini, didapatkan 5 artikel yang sesuai. Artikel ini dianalisis per kajian materi aljabar matematika dan didapatkan learning obstacles. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pertama epistemological obstacle salah satu penyebabnya adalah pemahaman siswa yang terbatas dalam memahami konsep materi aljabar; kedua ontogenical obstacle yang disebabkan oleh motivasi belajar siswa yang kurang diberikan dan akan berdampak pada kesiapan mental siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran, sehingga siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada materi aljabar; dan ketiga didactical obstacle yang disebabkan dari materi yang disampaikan guru hanya pada pengetahuan procedural saja dan siswa masih jarang diberikan soal yang bervariasi sehingga pengalaman siswa dalam penyelesaian masalah materi aljabar masih minim yang berakibatkan siswa tidak bisa mengerjakan soal yang diberikan.Kata kunci: Hambatan Belajar, Materi Aljabar, Systematic Literature Review.
Analisis Numerasi Siswa SMP pada Materi Aritmetika Sosial Ditinjau dari Gender Siswa
Authors: Jusniani Nia , Setiawan Erwan , Monariska Erma , Asikin Rinawati
Published: October 2024

Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Plus Al Ittihad Cianjur kelas VII A dan VII J semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang bergender laki–laki dan perempuan sebagai sampel penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian diperoleh bahwa kemampuan numerasi matematis siswa SMP pada materi aritmetika sosial laki-laki lebih baik dari pada perempuan. Hal itu terlihat bahwa siswa laki-laki lebih dominan dilevel Cakap, dan siswa perempuan dominan pada level Perlu Intervensi Khusus. Berdasarkan indikator kemampuan numerasi, siswa laki-laki lebih unggul pada indikator menggunakan berbagai macam angka dan simbol yang terkait dengan matematika dasar untuk memecahkan masalah dalam berbagai macam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari, dan indikator menganalisis informasi yang ditampilkan.
Thriving in the Anthropocene: Building Community Resilience to Combat Climate Change
Authors: Zapanti Theodora Gerasimina , Constantina Skanavis
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the intricate relationship between climate change, community resilience, and the tourism industry, focusing on how nature-based tourism destinations can adapt to the growing unpredictability of climate conditions. The study's primary objective is to identify key strategies that enhance community resilience in tourism-dependent regions, enabling them to better prepare for, adapt to, and recover from climate-related disasters. To achieve these objectives, a systematic review of 49 peer-reviewed papers was conducted, synthesising themes such as climate adaptation, disaster risk mitigation, and the vulnerabilities of tourism destinations. The methodology involved a thematic analysis of the selected literature, allowing for identifying patterns related to socio-ecological resilience. Key findings highlight that, while tourism is highly susceptible to natural disasters, it can also serve as a powerful tool for fostering resilience within local communities through sustainable practices and community-based tourism initiatives. Promoting resilience in tourism destinations requires a holistic approach that integrates disaster preparedness, economic diversification, and environmentally sustainable practices. This research concludes that tourism can play a critical role in both exacerbating and mitigating the impacts of climate change. Therefore, the integration of climate adaptation strategies within the tourism sector is essential, not only to safeguard economic stability but also to enhance the well-being of local communities and preserve the natural environment. Future policies must focus on aligning tourism development with broader climate resilience and disaster risk reduction frameworks.
PERANCANGAN MODEL PENILAIAN KINERJA METODE 360 PADA KANTOR PERUMDA PARKIR MAKASSAR RAYA
Authors: Saputra Muh. Oky , Musdalifah Musdalifah , Al Fajery Muhammad Rifqy
Published: October 2024

Sistem penilaian satu arah yang digunakan Perumda Parkir Makassar Raya merupakan metode penilaian yang hanya mengumpulkan informasi dari satu sumber dan besar kemungkinan terjadinya bias dalam penilaian kinerja karyawan, hal ini tentunya dapat menimbulkan permasalahan sebab sistem penilaian yang subjektif akan berdampak pada sistem remunerasi dan pembagian tanggung jawab menjadi tidak adil, maka dari itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghindari terjadinya bias dalam penilaian serta menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang adil dan suportif dengan konsep penilaian 360 derajat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif untuk menggambarkan kondisi melalui uraian fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan dan memberi gambaran terkait permasalahan secara detail serta membantu peneliti dalam membuat model penilaian dengan menggunakan konsep 360 derajat untuk pengukuran kinerja yang lebih objektif dan mampu mengatasi permasalahan. Hasil dari penelitian ini berdampak pada tingkat kepuasan karyawan karena dengan konsep penilaian 360 derajat yang dianggap lebih efisien untuk dilakukan dan pengukuran kinerja karyawan menjadi lebih jelas serta dapat meningkatkan motivasi kerja karyawan.
ESC 2024 Abstract Highlights
Authors: EMJ
Published: October 2024

The following highlights showcase groundbreaking research in cardiology, spotlighting key abstracts presented at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress 2024. From the impact of air pollution and ultra-processed foods on cardiovascular outcomes, to the development of novel risk strategies, the selected highlights provide an overview of the latest advancements in the field.
Displasia fibrosa ósea: reporte de caso
Authors: Bautista Litardo Noemi , Peralta Rodríguez Raúl
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La displasia fibrosa ósea es una enfermedad que afecta la composición normal del hueso, en cualquier parte del sistema esquelético, ya sea de forma monostótica o polióstica, y provoca masas tumorales de tejido fibroso conectivo. A su vez, engloba un amplio espectro fenotípico que puede variar según la edad de aparición y aparatos afectos como las endocrinopatías. En cuanto a su diagnóstico, en caso de que solo afecte a un solo hueso sin ningún otro hallazgo, se necesitaría únicamente confirmación histopatológica. Su tratamiento se basa en la cirugía, fármacos antirresortivos, como el ácido zolendrónico, medicamentos inmunológicos y manejo del dolor en caso de que se requiera. Caso clínico: Un adolescente de 14 años acude al servicio de Medicina Interna con asimetría facial. En la tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo, se evidencia una lesión expansiva esclerótica con densidad de vidrio esmerilado en el maxilar superior y la región cigomática derecha. El reporte de patología de una biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de displasia fibrosa ósea. Conclusión: Este tipo de displasia es infrecuente y puede tener un curso asintomático no progresivo, o también presentar cambios cosméticos y dolor exacerbante en la etapa progresiva, lo que representa un desafío en el diagnóstico del paciente. Varios factores deben tomarse en consideración para elegir el mejor tratamiento para el paciente. Por tal motivo, debe estudiarse de manera temprana para su decisión terapéutica oportuna.
Síndrome de lisis tumoral: artículo de revisión
Authors: Enriquez Enriquez Maritza Johanna
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El síndrome de lisis tumoral es una complicación potencialmente letal, se origina tras el inicio de la quimioterapia citotóxica y desencadena múltiples alteraciones metabólicas por la rápida lisis de las células tumorales. Está representada por cuadros de hiperuricemia, hiperpotasemia, hiperfosfatemia, hipocalcemia, uremia y lesión renal aguda. Propósito de la revisión: Presentar la evidencia disponible sobre el síndrome de lisis tumoral, resaltando aquellos aspectos relevantes con relación al tema para ampliar el enfoque de cómo reconocerlo, y las directrices para su prevención y manejo terapéutico. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, SciELO y Elsevier; se analizaron 42 estudios y un texto de oncología, en idiomas inglés y español, publicados en el periodo 2019-2024. Relevancia: El reconocimiento temprano es fundamental para evitar el progreso hacia falla multiorgánica. El manejo terapéutico incluye hidratación, hipouricemiantes, y corrección del desequilibrio electrolítico, supervisado por un equipo multidisciplinario en una unidad hospitalaria equipada para una monitorización eficaz del paciente. La hemodiálisis es la terapia auxiliar en pacientes refractarios al tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: Dada la alta mortalidad del síndrome de lisis tumoral, resulta muy importante la identificación de pacientes en riesgo, para iniciar de manera temprana las medidas terapéuticas preventivas y evitar, evitar el daño orgánico.
Supervivencia en pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo con enfermedad residual post-neoadyuvancia tratadas con capecitabine adyuvante
Authors: Oviedo-Tábora Arnon J. , Vásquez-Trespalacios Elsa M. , Bravo-Muñoz Fernanda X. , Cuello-Lopez Javier M.
Published: October 2024

Antecedentes: La escasez de terapias eficaces ha contribuido a que el cáncer de mama triple negativo tenga resultados desfavorables. Objetivo:  Evaluar supervivencia global y libre de progresión en pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo con enfermedad residual postneoadyuvancia, tratadas con capecitabine. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva. Se calcularon funciones de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Adicionalmente se desarrollaron modelos de regresión de Cox para análisis de asociación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 41 pacientes, de las cuales 25 (61%) eran postmenopáusicas, 23 (56,1%) tenían tumores iniciales ?5.1cm. La mediana de SLP fue de 25.03 meses (IC 95%, 13.37 – 36.68). El 26,8% de las pacientes presentaron progresión a los 36 meses de seguimiento, de ellas 54,5% que presentaron progresión eran premenopáusicas, En las mujeres con estado postmenopáusico se observó mayor SLP (HR 0,32, IC95% 0,09 -0,98, p 0,045). La mediana de SG fue de 55.60 meses (IC 95%, 46.5-58.5). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre el score RCB (Residual Cancer Burden) y la SLP y SG. Conclusión: En pacientes con enfermedad residual postneoadyuvancia tratadas con capecitabine adyuvante se observaron resultados favorables particularmente, en aquellas pacientes postmenopáusicas y con menor tamaño tumoral previo.
La educación médica en tiempos de inteligencia artificial
Authors: Rivera Rivera Tannia
Published: October 2024

La evolución de la raza humana es el resultado de muchos años de historia incomparable, basada en cambios de épocas y de generaciones. Antes éramos analógicos y ahora somos tecnológicos. La docencia no es ajena a esta evolución; esta ha avanzado en la transformación digital y tecnológica, y la forma como la nueva juventud la viene transformando abarca tanto a la educación básica como motivaciones, conductas diferentes, incluso formas de hablar y de vestir.
Editorial
Authors: Chandler Abby
Published: October 2024

This editorial introduces readers to the first issue of Remembering the American Revolution at 250.
About the Cover Image
Authors: Chandler Abby
Published: October 2024

This statement describes the cover image for the first issue of Remembering the American Revolution at 250.
Recovery Approaches for Spent Batteries: A Review
Authors: Pavithra S. , Sakunthala A.
Published: October 2024

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are being used in several applications such as consumer gadgets, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage systems now days. This widespread use of these batteries has increased battery waste and created severe environmental and financial issues. Considering these issues, this review article is focus to throw light on the existing methods for recovering spent batteries. These methods are effective in recovering precious components including graphite, manganese, lithium, cobalt, and nickel making them available to reuse. Thus, these methods are able to resolve both environmental and financial crises. The review also discusses these recovery systems' scalability, economic feasibility, and safety factors, offering insights into the potential futures for battery recycling technologies. This review seeks to support the advancement of sustainable and effective recycling techniques for spent batteries by assessing the most recent recovery approaches and highlighting important opportunities and challenges. In the end, this will help to promote the circular economy and lessen the environmental impact of battery production and disposal.
Probiotics and other adjuvants in allergen-specific immunotherapy for food allergy: a comprehensive review
Authors: Mennini Maurizio , Piccirillo Marisa , Furio Silvia , Valitutti Francesco , Ferretti Alessandro , Strisciuglio Caterina , De Filippo Maria , Parisi Pasquale , Peroni Diego Giampietro , Di Nardo Giovanni , Ferrari Federica
Published: October 2024

This review delves into the potential of manipulating the microbiome to enhance oral tolerance in food allergy, focusing on food allergen-specific immunotherapy (FA-AIT) and the use of adjuvants, with a significant emphasis on probiotics. FA-AIT, including oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT), and epicutaneous (EPIT) immunotherapy, has shown efficacy in desensitizing patients and achieving sustained unresponsiveness (SU). However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of FA-AIT are still under investigation. Probiotics, particularly strains of Lactobacillus, play a crucial role in enhancing immune tolerance by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and modulating cytokine profiles. These probiotics can induce semi-mature dendritic cells, enhance CD40 expression, inhibit IL-4 and IL-5, and promote IL-10 and TGF-β, thus contributing to mucosal defense and immunological tolerance. Clinical trials combining probiotics with FA-AIT have demonstrated improved desensitization rates and immune tolerance in food-allergic patients. For example, the combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus with peanut OIT resulted in a significantly higher rate of SU compared to the placebo group, along with notable immune changes such as reduced peanut-specific IgE and increased IgG4 levels. The review also explores other adjuvants in FA-AIT, such as biologic drugs, which target specific immune pathways to improve treatment outcomes. Additionally, nanoparticles and herbal therapies like food allergy herbal formula 2 (FAHF-2) are discussed for their potential to enhance allergen delivery and immunogenicity, reduce adverse events, and improve desensitization. In conclusion, integrating probiotics and other adjuvants into FA-AIT protocols could significantly enhance the safety and efficacy of FA-AIT, leading to better patient outcomes and quality of life.
DeepO-GlcNAc: a web server for prediction of protein O-GlcNAcylation sites using deep learning combined with attention mechanism
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Deng Tingzhi , Pan Shuijing , Zhang Minghui , Zhang Yusen , Yang Chunhua , Yang Xiaoyong , Tian Geng , Mi Jia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involved in major cellular processes and associated with many human diseases. Bioinformatic prediction of O-GlcNAc sites before experimental validation is a challenge task in O-GlcNAc research. Recent advancements in deep learning algorithms and the availability of O-GlcNAc proteomics data present an opportunity to improve O-GlcNAc site prediction.

Objectives

This study aims to develop a deep learning-based tool to improve O-GlcNAcylation site prediction.

Methods

We construct an annotated unbalanced O-GlcNAcylation data set and propose a new deep learning framework, DeepO-GlcNAc, using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) combined with attention mechanism.

Results

The ablation study confirms that the additional model components in DeepO-GlcNAc, such as attention mechanisms and LSTM, contribute positively to improving prediction performance. Our model demonstrates strong robustness across five cross-species datasets, excluding humans. We also compare our model with three external predictors using an independent dataset. Our results demonstrated that DeepO-GlcNAc outperforms the external predictors, achieving an accuracy of 92%, an average precision of 72%, a MCC of 0.60, and an AUC of 92% in ROC analysis. Moreover, we have implemented DeepO-GlcNAc as a web server to facilitate further investigation and usage by the scientific community.

Conclusion

Our work demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing deep learning for O-GlcNAc site prediction and provides a novel tool for O-GlcNAc investigation.
Magnetic gelatin-hesperidin microrobots promote proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Sun Xuyan , Yang Hua , Zhang Han , Zhang Weiwei , Liu Chunyu , Wang Xiaoxiao , Song Wenping , Wang Lin , Zhao Qingsong
Published: October 2024

Dermal fibroblasts play a crucial role in the formation of granulation tissue in skin wounds. Consequently, the differentiation, migration, and proliferation of dermal fibroblasts are considered key factors in the skin wound healing process. However, in patients with diabetic foot ulcers, the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts are impaired by reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors impair. Therefore, a novel magnetic gelatin-hesperidin microrobots drug delivery system was developed using microfluidics. The morphology, motility characteristics, and drug release of the microrobot were assessed, along with its impact on the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts under high-glucose conditions. Subjected to a rotating magnetic field, the microrobots exhibit precise, controllable, and flexible autonomous motion, achieving a maximum speed of 9.237 μm/s. In vitro drug release experiments revealed that approximately 78% of the drug was released within 30 min. It was demonstrated through cellular experiments that the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts was actively promoted by the nanorobot, the migration ability of fibroblasts in a high-glucose state was enhanced, and good biocompatibility was exhibited. Hence, our study may provide a novel drug delivery system with significant potential for promoting the healing of diabetic foot wounds.
Duplex recombinase aided amplification-lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid distinction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex
Authors: Chen Ke , Zhang Junze , Wang Simeng , Yi Zhengjun , Fu Yurong
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aims to develop a novel diagnostic approach using the recombinase aided amplification-lateral flow dipstick(RAA-LFD) assay for the distinction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), enabling rapid and convenient as well as accurate identification of them in clinical samples

Methods

Our study established a duplex RAA-LFD assay capable of discriminating between MTB and MAC. Based on the principles of RAA primer and probe design, specific primers and probes were developed targeting the MTB IS6110 and the MAC DT1 separately. Optimization of reaction time points and temperatures was conducted, followed by an evaluation of specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The established detection method was then applied to clinical samples and compared with smear microscopy, liquid culture, LAMP, and Xpert/MTB RIF in terms of diagnostic performance

Results

The complete workflow allows for the effective amplification of the MTB IS6110 and MAC DT1 target sequences at constant 37°C within 20min, and the amplification products can be visually observed on the LFD test strip. This method exhibits high specificity, showing no cross-reactivity with nucleic acids from M. kansassi, M. abscessus, M. gordonae, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, M. scrofulaceum, M. malmoense, M. chimaera, M. szulgai and common respiratory pathogens. It also demonstrates high sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 102 CFU/mL. Additionally, the method’s Coefficient of Variation (CV) is less than 5%, ensuring excellent repeatability and reliability. Furthermore, clinical performance evaluations, using Xpert/MTB RIF as the gold standard, demonstrated that the duplex RAA-LFD assay achieves a sensitivity of 92.86% and a specificity of 93.75%. It is also noteworthy that the assay exhibits considerable diagnostic efficacy in smear-negative patients

Conclusions

Our study introduces a rapid, specific, and sensitive duplex RAA-LFD assay for the discriminatory diagnosis of MTB and MAC. This method represents a significant advancement in the field of infectious disease diagnostics, offering a valuable tool for rapid detection and management of MTB and MAC infections. The implementation of this approach in point-of-care settings could greatly enhance TB control and prevention efforts, especially in resource-limited environments.
Machine-learning based risk prediction of in-hospital outcomes following STEMI: the STEMI-ML score
Authors: Sritharan Hari P. , Nguyen Harrison , Ciofani Jonathan , Bhindi Ravinay , Allahwala Usaid K.
Published: October 2024

Background

Traditional prognostic models for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have limitations in statistical methods and usability.

Objective

We aimed to develop a machine-learning (ML) based risk score to predict in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% (LVEF < 40%) in STEMI patients.

Methods

We reviewed 1,863 consecutive STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) or rescue PCI. Eight supervised ML methods [LASSO, ridge, elastic net (EN), decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, AdaBoost and gradient boosting] were trained and validated. A feature selection method was used to establish more informative and nonredundant variables, which were then considered in groups of 5/10/15/20/25/30(all). Final models were chosen to optimise area under the curve (AUC) score while ensuring interpretability.

Results

Overall, 128 (6.9%) patients died in hospital, with 292 (15.7%) patients requiring ICU admission and 373 (20.0%) patients with LVEF < 40%. The best-performing model with 5 included variables, EN, achieved an AUC of 0.79 for in-hospital mortality, 0.78 for ICU admission, and 0.74 for LVEF < 40%. The included variables were age, pre-hospital cardiac arrest, robust collateral recruitment (Rentrop grade 2 or 3), family history of coronary disease, initial systolic blood pressure, initial heart rate, hypercholesterolemia, culprit vessel, smoking status and TIMI flow pre-PCI. We developed a user-friendly web application for real-world use, yielding risk scores as a percentage.

Conclusions

The STEMI-ML score effectively predicts in-hospital outcomes in STEMI patients and may assist with risk stratification and individualising patient management.
Applications in utilizing soil gas geochemistry along with geological and geophysical data to construct helium exploration statistical models
Authors: Halford D. T. , Karolytė R. , Dellenbach J. T. , Cathey B. , Cathey M. , Balentine D. , Andreason M. W. , Rice G. K.
Published: October 2024

A key challenge in helium (He) exploration is determining the efficacy of surficial soil gas surveys. While soil gas surveys can detect helium, the mechanisms leading to these signals are often poorly understood, hindering reliable interpretation for exploration purposes. Here we present the results of seven new He soil gas surveys (n = 1974) at the Akah Nez Field, Beautiful Mountain Field, Porcupine Dome area, Rattlesnake Field, Tom area, Tohache Wash area, and White Rock area, on the Colorado Plateau, Four Corners area, United States. Utilizing 2D seismic, well logs, and geophysical potential field data, structural maps were constructed of potential He reservoirs at depth and relationships were examined. Given geospatial relationships are being examined using the soil gas survey data, it is important to understand the mechanism that allows subsurface He to migrate upwards into the soil. In several fields interpreted basement faults act as migration conduits from the basement to the surface (i.e., leaky reservoir seals), and in other cases there is evidence for reservoir flank/crest fracturing likely due to differential compaction. Based on the regional geologic history, advective systems are likely responsible for the observed He soil gas signatures. Additionally, based on the Tohache Wash data (most prospective He area) an effective and risk-reducing novel technique is presented that constructs a predictive He exploration model utilizing soil gas geochemistry, high-resolution geophysical data, well data and seismic data using Bayesian ANOVA techniques, which may be translated to areas outside of the Four Corners area, United States.
Exodontia curriculum evaluation: fit for purpose teaching and learning strategies
Authors: Behardien Nashreen , Titus Simone , Roman Nicolette V.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Curriculum review is crucial for ensuring health professions education programs remain responsive and relevant. Teaching and learning (T&L) strategies facilitate knowledge acquisition, with traditional methods being supplemented by innovative techniques in a blended curriculum. This study evaluated an Exodontia Block Course (EBC) focused on tooth extraction skills, utilizing a blended-learning approach across three learning environments: classroom, preclinical skills laboratory, and clinical training platform.

Methods

A qualitative study employed appreciative inquiry for data collection and analysis. Focus group discussions were conducted with 30 participants: 13 undergraduate students, 10 clinical teachers, and 7 dental practitioners. Data underwent coding and thematic analysis.

Results

Two main themes relevant to this paper emerged: “Block course structure” and “Recommendations for improvement.” Participants affirmed the blended-learning approach, highlighting strengths like demonstrations, videos, activity workbooks, and assessments that supported learning. Recommendations included integrating more visual technologies, simulated patients, peer-learning, debriefing, case reviews, community-based learning, and dedicated skills laboratories.

Discussion

While the traditional course adequately achieved its objectives, opportunities for enhancement were identified. Incorporating advanced educational technologies, simulation-based activities, and structured feedback mechanisms could optimize skills development. Real-world clinical experiences and peer-assisted learning may reinforce knowledge and foster competencies like clinical reasoning. Continued curriculum refinement through stakeholder feedback is essential for delivering effective, student-centered dental education, and by inference, improved patient care.
The dynamic immune response of the liver and spleen in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) to Vibrio harveyi infection based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Sheng , Guo Mengqi , Wang Ziyuan , Hu Bowen , Zhou Bo , Chen Songlin
Published: October 2024

Leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is one of the most important cultured fish in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Vibrio harveyi is a serious pathogen causing serious skin ulceration and high mortality in P. leopardus. To gain more insight into the tissue-specific and dynamic immune regulation process of P. leopardus in response to V. harveyi infection, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to examine the transcriptome profiles in the spleen and liver at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection. The upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly involved in the immune response in the spleen and liver at the early infection stage (6–12 h), and downregulated DEGs were mainly involved in metabolic processes in the liver at the early and middle infection stage (6–48 h). Moreover, an overview of the immune response of P. leopardus against V. harveyi was exhibited including innate and adaptive immune-related pathways. Afterwards, the results of WGCNA analysis in the spleen indicated that TAP2, IRF1, SOCS1, and CFLAR were the hub genes closely involved in immune regulation in the gene co-expression network. This study provides a global picture of V. harveyi-induced gene expression profiles of P. leopardus at the transcriptome level and uncovers a set of key immune pathways and genes closely linked to V. harveyi infection, which will lay a foundation for further study the immune regulation of bacterial diseases in P. leopardus.
The molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection mediated by TCR-pMHC interactions
Authors: Deng Shasha , Xu Zhihao , Hu Jing , Yang Yunru , Zhu Fang , Liu Zhuan , Zhang Hongliang , Wu Songquan , Jin Tengchuan
Published: October 2024

Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been implicated in the severity of COVID-19. The TCR-pMHC ternary complex, formed by the T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex), constitutes the molecular basis of CTL responses against SARS-CoV-2. While numerous studies have been conducted on T cell immunity, the molecular mechanisms underlying CTL-mediated immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been well elaborated. In this review, we described the association between HLA variants and different immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may lead to varying COVID-19 outcomes. We also summarized the specific TCR repertoires triggered by certain SARS-CoV-2 CTL epitopes, which might explain the variations in disease outcomes among different patients. Importantly, we have highlighted the primary strategies used by SARS-CoV-2 variants to evade T-cell killing: disrupting peptide-MHC binding, TCR recognition, and antigen processing. This review provides valuable insights into the molecule mechanism of CTL responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiding efforts to control the pandemic and prepare for future challenges.
Tumor-associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells: dual players in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC
Authors: Khan Muhammad Naveed , Mao Binli , Hu Juan , Shi Mengjia , Wang Shunyao , Rehman Adeel Ur , Li Xiaosong
Published: October 2024

HBV infection is a key risk factor for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly invasive tumor, and is characterized by its persistent immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of HBV-related HCC and explores the interactions between neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, examining their roles in regulating tumor-associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Two critical players in the immunosuppressive milieu of HBV-related HCC are CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The study explores how TAMs, initially recruited to combat infection, transform, adopting a tumor-promoting phenotype, turning against the body, promoting tumor cell proliferation, suppressing anti-tumor immunity, and assisting in the spread of cancer. Meanwhile, CD8+ T cells, crucial for controlling HBV infection, become dysfunctional and exhausted in response to persistent chronic viral inflammation. The review then dissects how TAMs manipulate this immune response, further depleting CD8+ T cell functions through mechanisms like arginine deprivation and creating hypoxic environments that lead to exhaustion. Finally, it explores the challenges and promising therapeutic avenues that target TAMs and CD8+ T cells, either separately or in combination with antiviral therapy and personalized medicine approaches, offering hope for improved outcomes in HBV-related HCC.