bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological effects of a combined treatment of lovastatin and minocycline in patients with fragile X syndrome: Ancillary results of the LOVAMIX randomized clinical trial
Authors: Morin‐Parent Florence , Champigny Camille , Côté Samantha , Mohamad Teddy , Hasani Seyede Anis , Çaku Artuela , Corbin François , Lepage Jean‐François
Published: September 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the primary hereditary cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. It is characterized by exacerbated neuronal excitability, and its correction is considered an objective measure of treatment response in animal models, a marker albeit rarely used in clinical trials. Here, we used an extensive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) battery to assess the neurophysiological effects of a therapy combining two disease‐modifying drugs, lovastatin (40 mg) and minocycline (100 mg), administered alone for 8 weeks and in combination for 12 weeks, in 19 patients (mean age of 23.58 ± 1.51) with FXS taking part in the LOVAmix trial. The TMS battery, which included the resting motor threshold, short‐interval intracortical inhibition, long‐interval intracortical inhibition, corticospinal silent period, and intracortical facilitation, was completed at baseline after 8 weeks of monotherapy (visit 2 of the clinical trial) and after 12 weeks of dual therapy (visit 4 of the clinical trial). Repeated measure ANOVAs were performed between baseline and visit 2 (monotherapy) and visit 3 (dual therapy) with interactions for which monotherapy the participants received when they began the clinical trial. Results showed that dual therapy was associated with reduced cortical excitability after 20 weeks. This was reflected by a significant increase in the resting‐motor threshold after dual therapy compared to baseline. There was a tendency for enhanced short‐intracortical inhibition, a marker of GABAa‐mediated inhibition after 8 weeks of monotherapy compared to baseline. Together, these results suggest that a combined therapy of minocycline and lovastatin might act on the core neurophysiopathology of FXS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02680379).
An economic foundation for assessing the credibility of corporate net zero transition pathways
Authors: Chan Keith Jin Deng , Cheung Bon , Shen Louis Yue
Published: September 2024

The G20 has highlighted the urgency and importance of financing net zero transition. Investors, however, lack a systematic framework to assess the credibility (incentive‐compatibility) of corporate transition claims. As such, negative screening based on current GHG emissions or even sectors remains a dominant climate investment strategy. In response, this paper develops an economic foundation for credible corporate net zero transition. Our model shows that, besides its current emissions, both a firm's transition capacity and urgency should be considered when assessing its likelihood of attaining net zero; interestingly, it shows how the concavity of its transition pathway may serve as a litmus test. Finally, we discuss how the Task Force on Climate‐Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) framework can be utilized for credibility assessment of corporate transition pathways. Our findings and recommendations are one of the first attempts to address the market call for systematic approaches to evaluate forward‐looking climate mitigation claims.
Three‐dimensional assessment of subchondral arc and hip joint coverage angles in the asymptomatic young adult hip
Authors: Aitken Holly D. , Goetz Jessica E. , Sailer Wyatt M. , Rivas Dominic J. L. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Holt Joshua B.
Published: September 2024

The primary objective of this study was to develop a custom algorithm to assess three‐dimensional (3D) acetabular coverage of the femoral head based on surface models generated from computed tomography (CT) imaging. The secondary objective was to apply this algorithm to asymptomatic young adult hip joints to assess the regional 3D acetabular coverage variability and understand how these novel 3D metrics relate to traditional two‐dimensional (2D) radiographic measurements of coverage. The algorithm developed automatically identifies the lateral‐ and medial‐most edges of the acetabular lunate at one‐degree intervals around the acetabular rim based on local radius of curvature. The acetabular edges and the center of a best‐fit sphere to the femoral head are then used to compute the mean 3D subchondral arc angles and hip joint coverage angles in five acetabular octants. This algorithm was applied to hip models generated from pelvis/hip CT imaging or abdomen/pelvis CT angiograms of 50 patients between 17 and 25 years of age who had no history of congenital or developmental hip pathology, neuromuscular conditions, or bilateral pelvic and/or femoral fractures. Corresponding 2D acetabular coverage measures of lateral center edge angle (LCEA) and acetabular arc angle (AAA) were assessed on the patients' clinical or digitally reconstructed radiographs. The 3D subchondral arc angle in the superior region (58.0 [54.6–64.8] degrees) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than all other acetabular subregions. The 3D hip joint coverage angle in the superior region (26.2 [20.7–28.5] degrees) was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) than all other acetabular subregions. 3D superior hip joint coverage angle demonstrated the strongest correlation with 2D LCEA (r = 0.649, p < 0.001), while 3D superior‐anterior subchondral arc angle demonstrated the strongest correlation with 2D AAA (r = 0.718, p < 0.001). The 3D coverage metrics in the remaining acetabular regions did not strongly correlate with typical 2D radiographic measures. The discrepancy between standard 2D measures of radiographic acetabular coverage and actual 3D coverage identified on advanced imaging indicates potential discord between anatomic coverage and the standard clinical measures of coverage on 2D imaging. As 2D measurement of acetabular coverage is increasingly used to guide surgical decision‐making to address acetabular deformities, this work would suggest that 3D measures of acetabular coverage may be important to help discriminate local coverage deficiencies, avoid inconsistencies resulting from differences in radiographic measurement techniques, and provide a better understanding of acetabular coverage in the hip joint, potentially altering surgical planning and guiding surgical technique.
Evaluating implementation of a hospital‐based cancer registry to improve childhood cancer care in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Maas Melissa R. , Yang Allison , Muir Michele A. , Collins James B. , Canter Courtney , Tamamyan Gevorg , Chitsike Inam , Kouya Francine , Nguyen Kim Hoa , Ahmad Alia , Alcasabas Ana Patricia , Gao Yi‐Jin , Johnson Kimberly J. , Ferrara Gia , Bhakta Nickhill , Muluneh Benyam
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Cancer is a leading cause of global childhood mortality, affecting 400,000 children annually. While treatable with modern therapies, children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) have limited access to care and lower survival rates. Hospital‐based cancer registries (HBCRs) collect detailed patient information to critically evaluate and evolve care. The St. Jude Global Childhood Cancer Analytics Resource and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SJCARES) is a cloud‐based HBCR network facilitating quality data collection of pediatric cancer. Wide variation in the success of implementation has warranted further research into the implementation approach, to create a sustainable and adaptable HBCR in LMICs.

Methods

Seven of 89 sites using the SJCARES registry were selected, stratified by global region and stage of implementation. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with key groups (clinicians, administrators, data clerks) using an interview guide developed from the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interviews were conducted via a video‐telephone software program and transcribed by a transcription service. Transcripts were thematically coded using rapid qualitative analysis.

Results

A total of 18 participants (11 clinicians, 4 administrators, 3 data clerks) were interviewed. Several barrier themes were identified, including: difficulty integrating the registry into existing workflow; lack of resources; lack of government or administrative support; and damaged, misplaced, or illegible medical records. Facilitator themes were identified, including: internal support for the registry; clear and extensive training; and dedicated support staff.

Conclusion

Interviewed participants identified key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the SJCARES registry across multiple phases. We plan to use these results to develop targeted implementation strategies including a readiness assessment tool to help guide more successful implementation of the SJCARES registry and other HBCRs in LMICs.
Several factors that predict the outcome of large B‐cell lymphoma patients who relapse/progress after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy can be identified before cell administration
Authors: Sýkorová Alice , Folber František , Polgárová Kamila , Móciková Heidi , Ďuraš Juraj , Steinerová Kateřina , Obr Aleš , Heindorfer Adriana , Ladická Miriam , Lukáčová Ľubica , Čellárová Erika , Plameňová Ivana , Belada David , Janíková Andrea , Trněný Marek , Jančárková Tereza , Procházka Vít , Vranovský Andrej , Králiková Margaréta , Vydra Jan , Smolej Lukáš , Drgoňa Ľuboš , Sedmina Martin , Čermáková Eva , Pytlík Robert
Published: September 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse the outcomes of patients with large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐Tx), with a focus on outcomes after CAR T‐cell failure, and to define the risk factors for rapid progression and further treatment.

Methods

We analysed 107 patients with LBCL from the Czech Republic and Slovakia who were treated in ≥3rd‐line with tisagenlecleucel or axicabtagene ciloleucel between 2019 and 2022.

Results

The overall response rate (ORR) was 60%, with a 50% complete response (CR) rate. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.3 and 26.4 months, respectively. Sixty‐three patients (59%) were refractory or relapsed after CAR‐Tx. Of these patients, 39 received radiotherapy or systemic therapy, with an ORR of 22% (CR 8%). The median follow‐up of surviving patients in whom treatment failed was 10.6 months. Several factors predicting further treatment administration and outcomes were present even before CAR‐Tx. Risk factors for not receiving further therapy after CAR‐Tx failure were high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels before apheresis, extranodal involvement (EN), high ferritin levels before lymphodepletion (LD) and ECOG PS >1 at R/P. The median OS‐2 (from R/P after CAR‐Tx) was 6.7 months (6‐month 57.9%) for treated patients and 0.4 months (6‐month 4.2%) for untreated patients (p < 0.001). The median PFS‐2 (from R/P after CAR‐Tx) was 3.2 months (6‐month 28.5%) for treated patients. The risk factors for a shorter PFS‐2 (n = 39) included: CRP > limit of the normal range (LNR) before LD, albumin < LNR and ECOG PS > 1 at R/P. All these factors, together with LDH > LNR before LD and EN involvement at R/P, predicted OS‐2 for treated patients.

Conclusion

Our findings allow better stratification of CAR‐Tx candidates and stress the need for a proactive approach (earlier restaging, intervention after partial remission achievement).
Heat shock transcription factor 1 facilitates liver cancer progression by driving super‐enhancer‐mediated transcription of MYCN
Authors: Liu Yizhe , Shi Qili , Su Yue , Chen Zhiao , He Xianghuo
Published: September 2024

Background

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play crucial roles in the development of malignancies. However, the specific roles of HSFs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have yet to be fully elucidated.Aims:To explore the involvement of the HSF family, particularly HSF1, in the progression and prognosis of HCC.

Materials & Methods

We conducted a thorough analysis of HSF expression and copy number variations across various cancer datasets. Specifically focusing on HSF1, we examined its expression levels and prognostic implications in HCC. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of HSF1 on liver cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, we utilized CUT&Tag, H3K27 acetylation enrichment, and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) to investigate the super‐enhancer (SE) regulatory landscapes of HSF1 in liver cancer cell lines.

Results

HSF1 expression is elevated in HCC and is linked to poor prognosis in several datasets. HSF1 stimulates liver cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, partly through modulation of H3K27ac levels, influencing enhancer distribution. Mechanistically, our findings demonstrate that HSF1 transcriptionally activates MYCN expression by binding to its promoter and SE elements, thereby promoting liver cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, increased MYCN expression was detected in HCC tumors and correlated with unfavorable patient outcomes.

Discussion

Our study sheds light on previously unexplored aspects of HSF1 biology, identifying it as a transcription factor capable of shaping the epigenetic landscape in the context of HCC. Given HSF1's potential as an epigenetic regulator, targeting the HSF1‐MYCN axis could open up new therapeutic possibilities for HCC treatment.

Conclusion

The HSF1‐MYCN axis constitutes a transcription‐dependent regulatory mechanism that may function as both a prognostic indicator and a promising therapeutic target in liver cancer. Further exploration of this axis could yield valuable insights into novel treatment strategies for HCC.
Effectiveness of mobile health for exercise promotion on cardiorespiratory fitness after a cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gregory Megan E. , Cao Weidan , Rahurkar Saurabh , Haroun Fadi , Stock James C. , Ghazi Sanam M. , Addison Daniel
Published: September 2024

Background

Cancer survivors are at greater risk for cardiovascular‐related mortality. Mobile health (mHealth) is an increasingly prevalent strategy for health promotion, but whether it consistently improves cardiorespiratory outcomes after a cancer diagnosis is unknown. We sought to determine the effectiveness of mHealth fitness/physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness outcomes among cancer patients and survivors.

Methods

Leveraging MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, we identified studies through May 2023. Included studies provided a quantitative evaluation of an mHealth intervention in a primary or secondary capacity on cardiorespiratory fitness (6‐minute walk test, VO2max, 3‐minute step test, or systolic blood pressure; or any mention of cardiac measure) and were meta‐analyzed (using a random effects model) if they were a randomized controlled trial with sufficient quantitative information. Four coders were involved in applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, coding using a standardized data extraction sheet, and assessing study quality, with each study coded by at least two.

Results

Of 656 articles, nine (n = 392) met systematic review inclusion criteria (mean age range 19–62 years, 71.9% female, 60.9% breast cancer). Interventions included mobile apps (k = 6), smartwatches (k = 2), or a smartwatch plus a supplemental web/mobile/tablet app (k = 1); median duration of mHealth‐use was 12 weeks. Seven (n = 341) fit criteria for meta‐analysis. mHealth was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness (d = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.07–0.60) compared to a control group. Relationships remained after accounting for lipid‐based outcomes (d = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.03–0.56). There was no evidence for heterogeneity or publication‐bias.

Conclusions

mHealth exercise interventions appear to be a viable strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness after a cancer diagnosis.
A Synergistic Interaction Between Citrus Hystrix Peel Essential Oil and Tetracycline and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Mechanism of Action in Vitro and in Silico Against Escherichia Coli
Authors: Aini Khairunnisa Nur , Yuandani  , Raina Nasution Halimah , Sari Utami Dinda , Frimayanti Neni , Jantan Ibrahim , Nirmal Nilesh , Wira Septama Abdi
Published: September 2024

Citrus hystrix essential oil (CHEO) have shown various pharmacological properties including antibacterial activity. This EO also possessed antibacterial effect against foodborne pathogens. There is less information available about the synergy interaction between CHEO and tetracycline, as well as their mechanism of action. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of CHEO and tetracycline against clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Antibiofilm, bacteriolytic, and efflux pump inhibitor activities were also performed. The chemical composition of CHEO was analysed using GC‐MS. Three major compounds, D‐limonene (25.02 %), β‐pinene (23.37 %), and β‐sabinene (22.20 %) were identified. CHEO exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with MIC value of 250 μg/mL. The combination of CHEO (7.8 μg/mL) and tetracycline (62.5 μg/mL) produced a synergistic effect on E. coli with fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5. This mixture inhibited biofilm formation in E. coli. The combination of 7.8 μg/mL CHEO and 62.5 μg/mL tetracycline demonstrated bacteriolytic activity. In addition, the CHEO at 250 μg/mL showed a significant effect in inhibiting efflux pump. D‐limonene has a binding free energy value of −20.13 kcal/mol with ompA transmembrane domain of E. coli. This finding indicates that CHEO has a potency to be developed as natural antibacterial against E. coli.
Pestiorosins A–F, New Papulacandins Isolated from the Fungus Pestalotiopsis rosea YNJ21
Authors: Lu Yue , Duan Ming‐Hua , Zhao Xue , Zhang Yang , Yang Yu , Xu Rui , Kang Ya‐Shuai , Wang Zi‐Lin , Zhang You‐Zhi , Li Chang‐Wei
Published: September 2024

Six previously unreported papulacandins, namely pestiorosins A–F (1–6), were isolated from the fermentation products of the fungus Pestalotiopsis rosea YNJ21 isolated from the fruitbody of Amanita exitialis. The structures of these compounds, along with a known compound called pestiocandin (7), were determined using MS, NMR data, and modified Mosher's method. All compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans, with MIC values ranging from 0.06 to 2.00 μg/mL. In terms of cytotoxicity assays, compounds 3 and 6 demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells with IC50 values of 24.50 and 16.83 μM, respectively. On the other hand, compound 7 displayed similar levels of inhibitory activity against mice microglial BV2 cells with an IC50 value of 24.51 μM.
Achieving Complete Conversion from Nickel Foam to Nickel Sulfide Foam for a Freestanding Hybrid‐Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Yi Xuerui , Kirk Caroline , Robertson Neil
Published: September 2024

We present a unique, one‐step, hydrothermal process to prepare nickel sulfide (Ni3S2) foam by a simple and direct conversion from nickel foam, which contributes both as a scaffold for the reaction and as reactant. The Ni3S2 foam exhibits remarkable mechanical stability, retaining the structural integrity of the foam and excellent crystallinity even after ultrasonication at 200 W for 30 mins. We document the transformation of the nickel foam template into a Ni3S2 foam, highlighting the role of synthesis duration on the phase evolution and unique morphology of Ni3S2. PXRD and SEM analyses reveal a complete transformation after 24 hours from the nickel foam to a pure Ni3S2 foam, which has a highly porous and interconnected ultra‐thin nanosheet architecture. This significantly enhances the surface area and provides many electrochemical reaction sites. In a three‐electrode cell, the capacity of the Ni3S2 foam electrode is 3.9 C cm−2 at 8 mA cm−2, which is higher than previous reports for Ni3S2. In a hybrid supercapacitor device, the Ni3S2 foam demonstrates significant increase in capacitance through 500 cycles and the capacitance plateaus after 2000 cycles. Even after 8500 continued charge‐discharge cycles, the device exhibits excellent cycle stability indicating improvement with age.
Controlling the Helical Pitch of Foldamers through Terminal Functionality: A Solid State Study
Authors: Davis Alexander R. , Ozturk Sena , Seaton Colin C. , Male Louise , Pike Sarah J.
Published: September 2024

Developing new methods to control the size and shape of the helical structures adopted by foldamers is highly important as the secondary structure displayed by these supramolecular scaffolds often dictates their activity and function. Herein, we report on a systematic study demonstrating that the helical pitch of ortho‐azobenzene/2,6‐pyridyldicarboxamide foldamers can be readily controlled through the nature of the terminal functionality. Remarkably, simply through varying the end group of the foldamer, and without modifying any other structural features of the scaffold, the helical pitch can be over doubled in magnitude (from 3.4 Å–7.3 Å). Additionally, crystallographic analysis of a library ten foldamers has identified general trends in the influence of a range of terminal functionalities, including carboxylbenzyl (Cbz), diphenylcarbamyl (N(Ph)2), ferrocene (Fc) and tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), in controlling the folding behaviour of these supramolecular scaffolds. These studies could prove useful in the future development of functional foldamers which adopt specific sizes and shapes.
Post‐Synthetic Modification of a 1D Mixed‐Linker Zn(II) Coordination Polymer for Acid‐Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Epoxides
Authors: Najafi Mahnaz , Janczak Jan
Published: September 2024

Rational design of heterogeneous acid catalysts possessing uniform dispersion of active sites plays a significant role in the catalytic performance. In the present work, a coordination polymer, [Zn(4,4'‐bpy)(μ‐Hbtc)(H2O)] ⋅ 2H2O (Zn‐CP), was solvothermally synthesized using 4,4'‐bpy (=4,4'‐bipyridine) and H3btc (=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid) mixed linkers. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of the polymer displayed that Zn‐CP chains were decorated with 4,4'‐bpy having unidentate coordination fashion. Then, the free N atom of the linker in Zn‐CP was functionalized by ‐SO3H groups to afford Zn‐CP‐SO3H with enhanced acidity. The structures were characterized by FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3‐TPD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analyses. The coordination polymer was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the alcoholysis of epoxides under room conditions. Zn‐CP‐SO3H exhibited excellent catalytic activity and regioselectivity in the methanolysis of styrene oxide within short reaction time.
A Zero‐Voltage Switching Three‐Level Nonisolated Bidirectional DC/DC Converter With a Lossless Passive Component Auxiliary Circuit and Design‐Oriented Analysis
Authors: Liang Yingbao , Xie Fan , Liu Yanlin , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan
Published: September 2024

A three‐level bidirectional buck/boost converter (TLBBBC) is suitable for power electronic systems with a high‐voltage DC link for its switches with half voltage. In order to achieve higher efficiency, a novel zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) TLBBBC is proposed in this paper to enable operation with higher switching frequencies. In the proposed ZVS TLBBBC, two identical ZVS cells, each composed of a resonant inductor, two snubber capacitors, and two resonant capacitors, are integrated with the conventional three‐level (TL) topology to enable soft switching in all four switches in both buck and boost modes. Here, one advantage is that soft‐switching conditions are ensured under conventional control methods without using the auxiliary switch or complex control methods. In addition, the soft‐switching region is derived, clearly illustrating the relationship between the duty cycle ratio and the power inductor current that ensures the soft‐switching condition. Hence, the soft‐switching region is beneficial for assisting in ZVS cell design and guiding the converter in running in ZVS. Then, the operation and design considerations of the proposed topology are analyzed in detail. Finally, the experimental results of an 800‐W prototype for both the boost and buck modes are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Deployment options of AI components for network resource management in 5G‐enabled agile industrial production cell
Authors: Szabó Géza , Pető József , Vidács Attila
Published: September 2024

On‐demand manufacturing in Industry 4.0 requires flexibility of the networks which can be provided with the fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications wireless connectivity. A key component in the efficient utilization of the radio resources in a manufacturing scenario is network resource management (NRM). We show how NRM can be automated with artificial intelligence (AI). We introduce several futuristic industrial use cases that require AI in various parts of the process. We analyze the AI components' benefits and disadvantages in several deployment scenarios. The findings can be used by business stakeholders interested in deploying the 5G cellular wireless network to choose the best NRM and AI implementation strategy for a particular use case. We show that there are many viable options for the AI component in the process automation, but the cost of AI has to be considered in all cases. Also, we point out that an essential component, the standardized information flow on the status of the productivity key performance indicators (KPIs), is needed for the successful deployment and application of the 5G AI.
Unveiling the Role of Electrocatalysts Activation for Iron‐Doped Ni Oxyhydroxide in Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Yoo JeongEun , Lee Kiyoung
Published: September 2024

Water electrolysis using renewable electricity is a promising strategy for high‐purity hydrogen production. To realize the practical application of water electrolysis, an electrocatalyst with high redox properties and low cost is essential for enhancing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, we fabricated Fe‐doped nickel oxalate (Fe‐NiC2O4) directly grown on nickel (Ni) foam as an efficient electrocatalyst for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction using a facile one‐step hydrothermal method. Fe‐NiC2O4 served as a precursor for obtaining highly active Fe‐doped Ni oxyhydroxide (Fe‐NiOOH) via in situ electrochemical oxidation. Consequently, 0.75Fe‐NiOOH was demonstrated to be the optimal electrocatalyst, exhibiting outstanding oxygen evolution reaction activity with a low overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 20.5 mV dec−1. Furthermore, Fe‐NiOOH maintained its oxygen evolution reaction activity without performance decay during long‐term electrochemical measurements, owing to the phase transformation from nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) to γ‐NiOOH (gamma nickel oxyhydroxide). These performances significantly surpass those of recently reported transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts.
MicroRNA‐146a deficiency enhances host protection against murine cytomegalovirus
Authors: Wong Pamela , Leong Jeffrey W. , Sohn Hyogon , Chang Lily , Keppel Catherine R. , Neal Carly C. , Cubitt Celia C. , Yao Tony , Keppel Molly P. , Tran Jennifer , Burdi Allison , Hwang Kimberly , Fogel Leslie A. , Schappe Timothy , Marsala Lynne , Berrien‐Elliott Melissa M. , Wagner Julia A. , Schneider Stephanie E. , Sullivan Ryan P. , Pingel Jeanette T. , Cooper Megan A. , French Anthony R. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: September 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that protect a host from viral infections and malignancies. MicroRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) is an important regulator of immune function that is highly expressed in NK cells and is further upregulated during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Here we utilized mice with a global targeted deletion of miR‐146a to understand its impact on the innate immune responses to MCMV infection. MiR‐146a−/− mice were protected from lethal MCMV infection, which was intrinsic to the hematopoietic compartment based on bone marrow chimera experiments. NK cell depletion abrogated this protection, implicating NK cells as critical for the miR‐146a−/− protection from MCMV. Surprisingly, NK cells from miR‐146a‐deficient mice were largely similar to control NK cells with respect to development, maturation, trafficking, and effector functions. However, miR‐146a−/− mice had increased NK cell numbers and frequency of the most mature Stage IV (CD27−CD11b+) NK cells in the liver at baseline, enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation, and increased selective expansion of Ly49H+ NK cells and T cells during MCMV infection. This study demonstrates a critical role for miR‐146a in the host response to MCMV, arising from mechanisms that include increased NK cell numbers and early T‐cell expansion.
Complex formation and stabilization of Z‐isomer‐enriched astaxanthin esters derived from Haematococcus lacustris with water‐soluble carriers via spray drying
Authors: Sakaguchi Rina , Ghosh Antara , Banik Sujan , Nishida Yasuhiro , Honda Masaki
Published: September 2024

To enhance the water solubility and bioavailability of astaxanthin esters, inclusion complexes of Z‐isomer‐enriched astaxanthin esters with water‐soluble carriers were prepared using a spray drying technique. A food‐grade Haematococcus alga extract was used as the source of astaxanthin esters, and the Z‐isomerization was performed via direct heating of the extract. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) were used as water‐soluble carriers. The effects of spray drying conditions on the encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin esters in the carriers and the total Z‐isomer ratio of encapsulated astaxanthin esters were investigated, and the physical properties and storage stability of the resulting composites were evaluated. Under optimum spray drying conditions, efficient production of highly water‐soluble Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin esters was achieved in both carriers: >95% encapsulation efficiency and >55% total Z‐isomer ratio. The physical properties, such as surface morphology and particle size distributions, of the resulting particles differed significantly between PVP and HP‐β‐CD. Storage tests demonstrated that the formulated Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin esters were highly stable. Our findings will contribute to the practical applications of Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin materials.

Practical Applications: The formulation technology developed in this study has the potential to address the industrial challenges of using astaxanthin, that is, low water solubility and low bioavailability. Furthermore, the low storage stability of astaxanthin Z‐isomers, which hinders their industrial use, can be solved simultaneously. The resulting Z‐isomer‐rich astaxanthin powders are expected to be used in a wide range of applications, including nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feeds.
A preformulation study of marine alkaloid aaptamine: Physicochemical properties investigation and liposomal formulation development toward hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
Authors: Geng Tianjiao , Xue Haitao , Kong Can , He Luping , Wang Shuping , Ding Ling , Zou Xiaoyan , Gu Zhichun , Liao Hongze , Lin Houwen
Published: September 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern with high prevalence and mortality. A marine alkaloid, AP‐427, has been reported to show potential for HCC treatment. However, its use is limited by low solubility and high toxicity. We aimed to investigate the preformulation parameters and develop AP‐427 liposomes to improve its clinical suitability. A stability‐indicating HPLC assay was established, and the physicochemical properties of AP‐427 were analyzed. Afterward, AP‐427 liposomes were prepared and characterized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated. AP‐427 had a low solubility at physiological pH, a LogD of 2.56 ± 0.03, and a basic pKa of 3.24 ± 0.12. An entrapment efficiency of 52.71 ± 3.2% was achieved after optimization. The resulting AP‐427 liposomes were 147.2 ± 3.4 nm and stable up to three months when stored in a pellet form at 4°C. The crystallization of AP‐427 in liposomes became less ordered, and AP‐427 liposomes exhibited a controlled release fitted in Korsmeyer–Peppas model, indicating the release was driven by diffusion. Furthermore, AP‐427 liposomes showed a 3.6 times reduced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells compared with free AP‐427, potentially enhancing its antitumor efficacy. In conclusion, the precise preformulation parameters advanced the AP‐427 liposomal formulation development, which showed potential for HCC treatment.

Practical Applications: The aaptamine derivative AP‐427 has shown cytotoxic effects against hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the low solubility and high toxicity limit its clinical application. The present study aims to prepare liposomal formulation to solve the current problems. Results obtained from this study shed light on challenges related to drug solubility and have paved the way for the development of an effective AP‐427 liposomal formulation with promising application in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
US lakes are monitored disproportionately less in communities of color
Authors: Díaz Vázquez Jessica , McCullough Ian M , Haite Maggie , Soranno Patricia A , Cheruvelil Kendra Spence
Published: September 2024

Local‐scale environmental justice studies of freshwaters have found that marginalized populations are more likely than others to be burdened with poor‐quality waters. However, studies have yet to examine whether monitoring data are sufficient to determine the generality of such results at the national scale. We analyzed racial and ethnic community composition surrounding lakes and the presence of one‐time and long‐term (≥15 years) water‐quality data across the conterminous US. Relative to lakes in White and non‐Hispanic communities, lakes in communities of color and Hispanic communities were three times less likely to be monitored at least once. Moreover, as compared to lakes in White communities, lakes in communities of color were seven times less likely to have long‐term monitoring data; similarly, as compared to lakes in non‐Hispanic communities, lakes in Hispanic communities were nineteen times less likely to have long‐term monitoring data. Given this evidence, assessing the current water quality of and temporal changes in lakes in communities of color and Hispanic communities is extremely difficult. To achieve equitable management outcomes for people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds, freshwater monitoring programs must expand their sampling and revise their designs.
Directional aspects of crop yield correlation: Implications for insurance rating and contract design
Authors: Goodwin Barry K. , Rejesus Roderick , Harri Ardian , Coble Keith
Published: September 2024

We estimate directional anisotropic models of linear correlation for crop yields. We find that directional distances (i.e., the degree to which yield correlation decays depending on direction) tend to differ from one another, with east to west distances being “longer” than north to south distances (i.e., correlation tends to decline slower in the east to west direction), at least for the major crops of corn and soybeans. Results for wheat are somewhat ambiguous. However, in all cases, average yield aggregates made up of east to west linked counties tend to be more accurate than is the case for north to south linkages. Implications for rating and contract design in the US area yield federal crop insurance program are offered.
The significance of feeling needed and useful to family and friends for psychological well‐being during adolescence
Authors: Fuligni Andrew J. , Trimble Ava , Smola Xochitl Arlene
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Social relationships offer the opportunity to provide support and resources to others. Feeling needed and useful to others has been understudied during adolescence, despite being shown to predict health and well‐being during adulthood. The current study examined this underappreciated way in which family and peer relationships may shape psychological well‐being during adolescence.

Method

A cross‐sectional sample of high school students across the United States completed an on‐line questionnaire during school hours in the fall of 2020. The sample consisted of 1301 adolescents averaging 15.94 (SD = 1.24) years in age in the ninth through twelfth grades, with 48.4% identifying as female, 47.3% as male, and 3.2% reporting either other gender identities or preferring not to answer (1%). Participants identified as Hispanic or Latino (40.2%), European American (19.8%), African American (14.7%), Multiethnic (9.2%), Asian American (7%), Other Ethnicities (7.8%), and 1.3% did not report their ethnicity.

Results

Feeling needed and useful was predicted by both helping and receiving support from others, strongly predicted better psychological well‐being, and mediated associations of helping and receiving support with well‐being. Males reported feeling more needed by their family as compared to females, and both reported higher levels of being useful to their family than those with other gender identifications.

Conclusions

Like adults, adolescents have a need to contribute and feel needed in their social worlds. Studies of close relationships should incorporate the ways in which youth provide resources and support to others in their lives as well as the sense of feeling needed and useful derived from those activities.
A hierarchical Bilayered scaffold for periodontal complex structure regeneration
Authors: Qin Wen , Li Ling , Mu Zhao , Yu Weiwei , Zhu Yina , Jia Shuailin , Xuan Kun , Niu Wen , Niu Lina
Published: September 2024

The periodontal tissue comprises alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL), forming a highly hierarchical architecture. Although current therapies could regenerate the hard tissue well, the simultaneous reconstruction of hard and soft tissue remains a great clinical challenge with the major difficulty in highly orientated PDL regeneration. Using the unidirectional freeze‐casting method and biomimetic mineralization technique, we construct a hierarchical bilayer scaffold with the aligned chitosan scaffold with ZIF‐8 resembling PDL, and intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen resembling alveolar bone. The hierarchical bilayer scaffold exhibits different geomorphic clues and chemical microenvironments to realize a perfect simulation of the natural periodontal hierarchical architecture. The aligned scaffold with ZIF‐8 could induce the fibrogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), and the mineralized scaffold could induce osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The hierarchical bilayer scaffold could simulate periodontal complex tissue, exhibiting great promise for synchronized multi‐tissue regeneration of periodontal tissue.
LaCuMnOx perovskite activating persulfate for the degradation of bisphenol A: excellent tolerance to hypersaline environment
Authors: Xie Lijuan , Zhu Yihong , Deng Yun , Huang Zhenxing , Zou Aijia , Yan Huifang , Ruan Wenquan
Published: September 2024

Background

LaCuMnOx (LCMO) perovskite was designed as an effective catalyst to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) to remove bisphenol A (BPA) in hypersaline wastewater.

Results

In the LCMO/PDS system, BPA (10 mg/L) was removed completely and the mineralization degree reached 74.9% in the presence of 0.12 g/L catalyst and 1.2 mM PDS. The BPA removal efficiency was still almost 100% even after five cycles. Metal ion leakage also indicated the stability of the catalytic system. •OH, SO4•−, 1O2, and O2•− all contributed to BPA removal, and O2•− accounted for the greatest contribution. The presence of oxygen vacancies (Vo··) on the surface of the catalyst was important for PDS activation and the formation of active species. In addition, the system could still maintain outstanding performance even when [Cl−] and [SO42−] were 100 g/L. CO32− and HCO3− inhibited BPA degradation greatly, even at very low concentrations. The inhibitory effect was related to changes in the pH of the solution caused by the addition of CO32− and HCO3−. This effect could be eliminated by adjusting the pH.

Conclusion

The system showed excellent catalytic performance, stability, and inorganic anion tolerance, indicating its potential for application in hypersaline wastewater treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Development of a nomogram for fetal Evans Index
Authors: Sakcak Bedri , Tanacan Atakan , Denizli Ramazan , Farisoğullari Nihat , özkavak Osman Onur , Aktaş Sadık Orhun , Uzuner Petek Feriha , Demirci Harun , Kara Özgür , Sahin Dilek
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the fetal Evans Index and establish a nomogram for fetuses without any additional fetal anomalies detected during the prenatal period.

Methods

We conducted our research at Ankara City Hospital, including 894 patients who were admitted and evaluated between gestational weeks 16–40. These patients had no fetal anomalies detected in subsequent gestational weeks. Descriptive data, such as age, gravidity, parity, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Gestational week and Evans Index (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and percentile) were also documented. The Evans index was calculated as the ratio between the maximal width of the frontal horns and the maximal width of the inner diameter of the cranium.

Results

We evaluated 894 fetuses in pregnant women had no fetal anomalies detected throughout the pregnancy. The evaluation took place at different gestational weeks, and a nomogram for the Evans Index was created.

Conclusions

It is relevant for clinicians and researchers to be aware of the range of fetal Evans Index values across different gestational weeks as a prognostic criterion.
Latent profiles of disability in retired, community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Nemmers Natasha , Lee Jeong Eun
Published: September 2024

Later life disability poses a significant public health challenge, and while research often concentrates on physical limitations, understanding the full spectrum of disability requires a comprehensive approach. This study employs latent profile analysis (LPA), a statistical technique that identifies underlying subgroups or profiles within a larger population based on patterns of responses to multiple indicators, to classify disability. We examined one wave of existing panel data from 414 participants aged 72–106 living in retirement communities. We focus on the following disability indicators: basic and instrumental activities of daily living; physical, cognitive, and sensory impairments; and participation restrictions. Three distinct profiles emerged. The largest group (58%), “Low Disability,” exhibited minimal disability across all domains and superior psychological well‐being. The second group (38%) experienced “High Physical and Functional Disability,” with a higher prevalence among older, unmarried women. The smallest group (4%) displayed “High Cognitive‐Sensory‐Functional Disability,” marked by extensive cognitive impairment and the highest functional and sensory limitations, prevalent in advanced age with poorer psychological outcomes of all profiles. Notably, participation restrictions showed minimal variation across disability profiles. The findings emphasize the need for a data‐driven policy framework addressing disability profiles. Efficient resource allocation and targeted support are crucial, and prevention strategies should proactively address individuals at risk of transitioning into higher‐multidomain disability profile membership. Given the connection between disability and mental health, addressing these concerns can enhance overall health and well‐being. Future research should explore changes in disability group membership over time in diversified samples.
Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of missing labs and imaging for otolaryngologic clinical visits
Authors: Zeitouni Jad , Millsap Jyntre , Jang Wooyoung , Schwartz Cynthia , Chaudhury Hannah , Chaudhury Tristin , Dundar Yusuf
Published: September 2024

Objectives/Hypothesis

Socioeconomics and demographics have been shown to be determinates of healthcare in specialty clinics, in which thorough research is lacking in the setting of the United States clinical sphere. We set out to determine the impact of socioeconomic and demographic factors on patient preparedness in an otolaryngologic clinic as to highlight the need for awareness in this aspect of disparate and delayed clinical care.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

A chart review was conducted of 482 patients who visited our otolaryngology clinic between June 1, 2020 and June 1, 2023. Demographic data including marital status, gender, age, zip code, and race was collected.

Results

Our study found several interesting points of significance. Marital status was a significant determinant of whether patients had missing labs and/or imaging (p = .001). Age was a significant determinant of patients having their imaging (p < .0001). Patients were more likely to have all their labs and imaging at a follow‐up appointment compared to an initial appointment (p < .0001). Finally, a patient's zip code was found to be a significant determinant of whether a patient no‐showed an appointment or arrived with all their needed imaging and labs (p = .004).

Conclusions

Having the needed labs and imaging for a clinical visit is vital to providing timely and well‐informed care for all patients. This study highlighted several potential determinates of missing labs and imaging. Elderly patients were less likely to have imaging, which may be attributed to transportation issues and a weaker support system. Individuals who were married were more likely to have their imaging. Married individuals may have a stronger support system, where their spouses can provide transportation and reminders for appointments. Finally, the significance of zip code highlights the role transportation distance and living in an underserved area may have on patients being able to go to their appointments or obtain their needed imaging.

Level of Evidence

4
Integrated Light Sources Based on Micro‐Ring Resonators for Chip‐Based LiDAR
Authors: Huang Langyong , Yang Changjin , Liang Lei , Qin Li , Song Yue , Lei Yuxin , Jia Peng , Wang Yubing , Qiu Cheng , Chen Yongyi , Cao Yuntao , Bo Liping , Ding Yujiao , Wang Lijun
Published: September 2024

The micro‐ring resonator (MRR) is a crucial element in integrated photonics. It allows for the realization of various optical devices, including integrated filters, modulators, micro‐ring laser cavities, detectors, optical logic switches, and nonlinear optical devices. The development of integrated photonics has enabled the integration of these devices with other components into a photonic chip to perform specific functions. For instance, widely tunable MRR‐based lasers have been integrated with optical phased arrays (OPAs), detectors, and other elements to form a fully integrated LiDAR engine. Advances in nanofabrication have facilitated the miniaturization of nanophotonic phased arrays and on‐chip lasers. MRR‐based integrated external cavity lasers (ECLs) and integrated optical frequency combs (OFCs) have significantly enhanced the scanning and detection capabilities of LiDAR recently. Additionally, their size and power consumption have been continuously reduced, rendering them suitable for chip‐scale integration. This paper systematically reviews the major advancements of MRR‐based integrated lasers for chip‐scale LiDAR.