bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanomeshed Si nanomembranes
Authors: Han Xun , Seo Kyung Jin , Qiang Yi , Li Zeping , Vinnikova Sandra , Zhong Yiding , Zhao Xuanyi , Hao Peijie , Wang Shuodao , Fang Hui
Published: May 2019

One of the main challenges in stretchable electronics is to achieve high-performance stretchable semiconductors. Here, we introduce an innovative concept of nanomeshed semiconductor nanomembrane which can be regarded almost as intrinsically stretchable to conventional microelectronic layouts. By making a silicon film into homogeneous nanomeshes with spring-like nano traces, we demonstrated a high electron mobility of 50 cm2/V·s, and moderate stretchability with a one-time strain of 25% and cyclic strain of 14% after stretching for 1000 cycles, further improvable with optimized nanomesh designs. A simple analytic model covering both fractional material and trace sidewall surfaces well predicted the transport properties of the normally on silicon nanomesh transistors, enabling future design and optimizations. Besides potential applications in stretchable electronics, this semiconductor nanomesh concept provides a new platform for materials engineering and is expected to yield a new family of stretchable inorganic materials having tunable electronic and optoelectronic properties with customized nanostructures.
Regularity is not a key factor for encoding repetition in rapid image streams
Authors: Thunell Evelina , Thorpe Simon J.
Published: May 2019

Human observers readily detect targets and repetitions in streams of rapidly presented visual stimuli. It seems intuitive that regularly spaced repeating items should be easier to detect than irregularly spaced ones, since regularity adds predictability and in addition has ecological relevance. Here, we show that this is not necessarily the case, and we point out the intrinsic difficulty in addressing this question. We presented long RSVP streams of never-before-seen natural images containing repetition sequences; an image appearing six times interleaved by one or more non-repeating distractors, and asked participants to detect the repetitions and to afterwards identify the repeated images. We found that the ability to detect and memorize repeated images was preserved even with irregular sequences, and conclude that temporal regularity is not a key factor for detection and memory for repeating images in RSVP streams. These findings have implications for models of repetition processing.
MicroRNA-125b-5p regulates IL-1β induced inflammatory genes via targeting TRAF6-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Authors: Rasheed Zafar , Rasheed Naila , Abdulmonem Waleed Al , Khan Muhammad Ismail
Published: May 2019

Abnormal post-transcriptional modulations in inflammatory genes by microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in human disorders including arthritis. In this study, we determined the effect of hsa-miR-125b-5p on interleukin (IL)-1β induced inflammatory genes in human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes. Bioinformatics algorithms showed 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of TRAF6 mRNA (NM_004620.3) has perfectly matched ‘seed-sequence’ for hsa-miR-125b-5p. Treatment of cells with IL-1β up-regulates TRAF6 mRNA and down-regulates hsa-miR-125b-5p expression. This negative correlation between TRAF6 and hsa-miR-125b-5p was verified by transfection with miR-125b mimic (pre-miR-125b). Moreover, transfection with miR-125b mimic caused marked inhibition of IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, JNK-MAPKs and ERK-MAPKs and also suppressed the nuclear levels of NF-κBp50, NF-κBp65 and inhibited the activation of IκBα. Furthermore, transfected chondrocytes with miR-125b mimic in the presence of IL-1β also showed marked inhibition in the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors including IL-6, IL-8, INF-γ, TGF-β1, IGFBP-1 and PGDF-BB. Importantly, this transfection also significantly inhibited IL-1β- induced MMP-13 expression/production. In short, this study concludes that hsa-miR-125b-5p acts as a negative co-regulator of inflammatory genes including MMP-13 via targeting TRAF6/MAPKs/NF-κB pathway in human OA chondrocytes.
Publisher Correction: Protective effects of fermented goat milk on genomic stability, oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling in testis during anaemia recovery
Authors: Moreno-Fernandez Jorge , Alférez María J. M. , López-Aliaga Inmaculada , Diaz-Castro Javier
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Modeling the potential range expansion of larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Arthur Frank H. , Morrison William R. , Morey Amy C.
Published: May 2019

Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), is a beetle that is a member of a family that is primarily comprised of wood-boring insects, including forest insect pests. It is native to Mexico and Central America, where it has adapted to become a pest of stored maize. It was accidentally introduced into Africa in late 1970s, where it quickly spread throughout the sub-Saharan region, perhaps aided by adaptation to alternate hosts and the ability to persist in non-agricultural habitats. We used the correlative modelling algorithm, MaxEnt, to identify global areas of potential high suitability based on the climate locations with documented populations. Predictions using a model trained in Mexico + Central America showed potential high climatic suitability extending north into the southern United States and southward into South America, including parts of Argentina, but predictions using a model built from African occurrences did not include those areas as highly suitable. However, there was general agreement in both models that large areas of the tropics in the Western Hemisphere and in Asia have climatic conditions that could support P. truncatus if it were to become established. The models also showed consistency in capturing potential suitability at sites not used to build a given model. Results can be used as an initial guide to establish surveillance programs to monitor for this insect in high risk areas where it is not currently found, and to proactively mitigate the biosecurity risk from P. truncatus.
Publisher Correction: Implications of the strain irreversibility cliff on the fabrication of particle-accelerator magnets made of restacked-rod-process Nb3Sn wires
Authors: Cheggour Najib , Stauffer Theodore C. , Starch William , Goodrich Loren F. , Splett Jolene D.
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Adjuvanting a viral vectored vaccine against pre-erythrocytic malaria
Authors: Milicic Anita , Rollier Christine S. , Tang Choon Kit , Longley Rhea , Hill Adrian V. S. , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
HiBiT-qIP, HiBiT-based quantitative immunoprecipitation, facilitates the determination of antibody affinity under immunoprecipitation conditions
Authors: Ranawakage Deshani C. , Takada Takuya , Kamachi Yusuke
Published: May 2019

The affinity of an antibody for its antigen serves as a critical parameter for antibody evaluation. The evaluation of antibody-antigen affinity is essential for a successful antibody-based assay, particularly immunoprecipitation (IP), due to its strict dependency on antibody performance. However, the determination of antibody affinity or its quantitative determinant, the dissociation constant (Kd), under IP conditions is difficult. In the current study, we used a NanoLuc-based HiBiT system to establish a HiBiT-based quantitative immunoprecipitation (HiBiT-qIP) assay for determining the Kd of antigen-antibody interactions in solution. The HiBiT-qIP method measures the amount of immunoprecipitated proteins tagged with HiBiT in a simple yet quantitative manner. We used this method to measure the Kd values of epitope tag-antibody interactions. To accomplish this, FLAG, HA, V5, PA and Ty1 epitope tags in their monomeric, dimeric or trimeric form were fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the HiBiT peptide, and these tagged GST proteins were mixed with cognate monoclonal antibodies in IP buffer for the assessment of the apparent Kd values. This HiBiT-qIP assay showed a considerable variation in the Kd values among the examined antibody clones. Additionally, the use of epitope tags in multimeric form revealed a copy number-dependent increase in the apparent affinity.
Resistin Mediates Sex-Dependent Effects of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Vascular Function in the Shrsp
Authors: Small Heather Yvonne , McNeilly Sarah , Mary Sheon , Sheikh Adam Marcus , Delles Christian
Published: May 2019

Premenopausal women are relatively protected from developing hypertension compared to men. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to mediate vasoactive effects; however, a sex-dependent difference in PVAT function in the setting of hypertension has not yet been explored. We investigated the effect of PVAT on resistance vessel biology in male and female 16 week old stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). This preclinical model of hypertension exhibits a sex-dependent difference in the development of hypertension similar to humans. Wire myography was used to assess vascular function in third-order mesenteric arteries. KATPchannel-mediated vasorelaxation by cromakalim was significantly impaired in vessels from SHRSP males + PVAT relative to females (maximum relaxation: male + PVAT 46.9 ± 3.9% vs. female + PVAT 97.3 ± 2.7%). A cross-over study assessing the function of male PVAT on female vessels confirmed the reduced vasorelaxation response to cromakalim associated with male PVAT (maximum relaxation: female + PVATfemale90.6 ± 1.4% vs. female + PVATmale65.8 ± 3.5%). In order to explore the sex-dependent differences in PVAT at a molecular level, an adipokine array and subsequent western blot validation identified resistin expression to be increased approximately 2-fold in PVAT from male SHRSP vessels. Further wire myography experiments showed that pre-incubation with resistin (40 ng/ml) significantly impaired the ability of female + PVAT vessels to relax in response to cromakalim (maximum relaxation: female + PVAT 97.3 ± 0.9% vs. female + PVAT + resistin[40ng/ml]36.8 ± 2.3%). These findings indicate a novel role for resistin in mediating sex-dependent vascular function in hypertension through a KATPchannel-mediated mechanism.
Quercetin conjugated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles improves learning and memory better than free quercetin via interacting with proteins involved in LTP
Authors: Amanzadeh Elnaz , Esmaeili Abolghasem , Abadi Rezvan Enteshari Najaf , Kazemipour Nasrin , Pahlevanneshan Zari , Beheshti Siamak
Published: May 2019

Biomedical application of quercetin (QT) as an effective flavonoid has limitations due to its low bioavailability. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) is a novel drug delivery system that enhances the bioavailability of quercetin. The effect of short time usage of quercetin on learning and memory function and its signaling pathways in the healthy rat is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of free quercetin and in conjugation with SPION on learning and memory in healthy rats and to find quercetin target proteins involved in learning and memory using Morris water maze (MWM) and computational methods respectively. Results of MWM show an improvement in learning and memory of rats treated with either quercetin or QT-SPION. Better learning and memory functions using QT-SPION reveal increased bioavailability of quercetin. Comparative molecular docking studies show the better binding affinity of quercetin to RSK2, MSK1, CytC, Cdc42, Apaf1, FADD, CRK proteins. Quercetin in comparison to specific inhibitors of each protein also demonstrates a better QT binding affinity. This suggests that quercetin binds to proteins leading to prevent neural cell apoptosis and improves learning and memory. Therefore, SPIONs could increase the bioavailability of quercetin and by this way improve learning and memory.
App-based multidisciplinary back pain treatment versus combined physiotherapy plus online education: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Toelle Thomas R. , Utpadel-Fischler Daniel A. , Haas Katharina-Kristina , Priebe Janosch A.
Published: May 2019

Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of global disability. Multidisciplinary pain treatment (MPT) programs comprising educational, physical, and psychological interventions have shown positive treatment effects on LBP. Nonetheless, such programs are costly and treatment opportunities are often limited to specialized medical centers. mHealth and other digital interventions may be a promising method to successfully support patient self-management in LBP. To address these issues, we investigated the clinical effects of a multidisciplinary mHealth back pain App (Kaia App) in a randomized controlled trial (registered at German Clinical Trials Register under DRKS00016329). One-hundred one adult patients with non-specific LBP from 6 weeks to 1 year were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. In the intervention group, the Kaia App was provided for 3 months. Control treatment consisted of six individual physiotherapy sessions over 6 weeks and high-quality online education. The primary outcome, pain intensity, was assessed at 12-week follow-up on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Our per-protocol analysis showed no significant differences between the groups at baseline (Kaia App group: M = 5.10 (SD = 1.07) vs. control group: M = 5.41 (SD = 1.15). At 12-week follow-up the Kaia App group reported significantly lower pain intensity (M = 2.70 (SD = 1.51)) compared to the control group (M = 3.40 (SD = 1.63)). Our results indicate that the Kaia App as a multidisciplinary back pain app is an effective treatment in LBP patients and is superior to physiotherapy in combination with online education.
Co-expression of Cas9 and single-guided RNAs in Escherichia coli streamlines production of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins
Authors: Qiao Jie , Li Wenqiang , Lin Siyu , Sun Wenli , Ma Lixin , Liu Yi
Published: May 2019

CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are promising biological tools with diverse biomedical applications. However, to date there are no efficient methods that can produce these proteins at large scales and low cost. Here, we present a streamlined method for direct production of Cas9 RNPs from Escherichia coli by co-expression of Cas9 and the target-specific single-guided RNAs. Harnessing an ultrahigh-affinity CL7/Im7 purification system recently developed we achieve one-step purification of the self-assembling CRISPR/Cas RNPs, including the commonly used Cas9 and Cas12a, within half a day and with a ~fourfold higher yield than incumbent methods. The prepared Cas RNPs show remarkable stability in the absence of RNase inhibitors, as well as profound gene-editing efficiency in vitro and in vivo. Our method is convenient, cost-effective, and can be used to prepare other CRISPR/Cas RNPs.
Tetranuclear lanthanide complexes showing magnetic refrigeration and single molecule magnet behavior
Authors: Yu Hong , Yang Jia-Xing , Han Ju-Qing , Li Peng-Fei , Hou Yin-Ling , Wang Wen-Min , Fang Ming
Published: May 2019

Four tetranuclear lanthanide complexes were fabricated and characterized. 1 exhibits cryogenic magnetic refrigeration property and 3 displays slow relaxation of the magnetization.
Enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu0.25Zn0.75S nanodisks by metallic Ag loading in the visible-light region
Authors: Zhang Jinyang , Kang Fuyan , Peng Hao , Wen Jing , Zheng Xiaogang
Published: May 2019

Ag-loaded Cu0.25Zn0.75S (Ag/Cu0.25Zn0.75S) photocatalysts were synthesized for the photodegradation of organic pollutants such as rhodamine B (RhB), methyl violet (MV) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) under visible-light irradiation.
Biomaterials in fetal surgery
Authors: Winkler Sally M. , Harrison Michael R. , Messersmith Phillip B.
Published: May 2019

Biomaterials have already improved fetal surgery outcomes, and biomaterials engineers have a unique opportunity to help make fetal surgery safer and more effective.
A robust etb-type metal–organic framework showing polarity-exclusive adsorption of acetone over methanol for their azeotropic mixture
Authors: Hu Han , Zhu Jiaxing , Yang Feilong , Chen Zhenxia , Deng Mingli , Weng Linhong , Ling Yun , Zhou Yaming
Published: May 2019

We report a robust and rigid etb-type metal–organic framework (MOF) which shows unprecedentedly polarity-exclusive adsorption of acetone over methanol for their azeotropic mixture.
Closed bipolar electrochemistry in a four-electrode configuration
Authors: Gamero-Quijano Alonso , Molina-Osorio Andrés F. , Peljo Pekka , Scanlon Micheál D.
Published: May 2019

The thermodynamic theory underpinning closed bipolar electrochemistry in a 4-electrode configuration is presented; a technique applicable to spectro-electroanalysis, energy storage, electrocatalysis and electrodeposition.
Ab initiocomputation for solid-state31P NMR of inorganic phosphates: revisiting X-ray structures
Authors: Pilar Kartik , Deng Zeyu , Preefer Molleigh B. , Cooley Joya A. , Clément Raphaële , Seshadri Ram , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: May 2019

The complete31P NMR chemical shift tensors for 22 inorganic phosphates obtained fromab initiocomputation are found to correspond closely to experimentally obtained parameters. The cases where correspondence is significantly improved upon geometry optimization point to the crystal structures requiring correction.
Detecting spatial rearrangement of individual gold nanoparticle heterodimers
Authors: Szekrényes Dániel Péter , Pothorszky Szilárd , Zámbó Dániel , Deák András
Published: May 2019

Spatial arrangement of self-assembled gold nanosphere/nanorod heterodimers and their reorgaization upon drying detected using polarization-resolved scattering spectroscopy.
Red-emitting phosphors APF6:Mn4+ (A = Cs+, Rb+, K+): synthesis, luminescence properties and application in solid-state lighting
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Zhaofeng , Wang Qin , Rong Meizhu , Zhou Qiang , Wang Zhengliang
Published: May 2019

New red-emitting phosphors APF6:Mn4+ (A = Cs+, Rb+, K+) show intense red emission with high external quantum efficiency and thermal quenching resistance for warm white LEDs.
How nanoscale surface heterogeneity impacts transport of nano- to micro-particles on surfaces under unfavorable attachment conditions
Authors: Ron Cesar A. , VanNess Kurt , Rasmuson Anna , Johnson William P.
Published: May 2019

The impact of nanoscale surface heterogeneity on retention of nano-to-micro-scale particles (colloids) on surfaces governs colloid transport in the environment where unfavorable conditions (repulsive barrier present) are prevalent.
Liquid biopsy using the nanotube-CTC-chip: capture of invasive CTCs with high purity using preferential adherence in breast cancer patients
Authors: Loeian Masoud S. , Mehdi Aghaei Sadegh , Farhadi Farzaneh , Rai Veeresh , Yang Hong Wei , Johnson Mark D. , Aqil Farrukh , Mandadi Mounika , Rai Shesh N. , Panchapakesan Balaji
Published: May 2019

We report the development of the nanotube-CTC-chip for isolation of circulating tumor cells of multiple phenotypes from peripheral blood.
Indirect magnetic force microscopy
Authors: Sifford Joshua , Walsh Kevin J. , Tong Sheng , Bao Gang , Agarwal Gunjan
Published: May 2019

Indirect magnetic force microscopy (ID-MFM): a novel approach to detect magnetic nanoparticles in a multimodal, label-free manner.
An Fe3O4@SiO2/Schiff base/Cu(ii) complex as an efficient recyclable magnetic nanocatalyst for selective mono N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and primary O-alkyl carbamates with aryl halides and arylboronic acids
Authors: Sardarian Ali Reza , Dindarloo Inaloo Iman , Zangiabadi Milad
Published: May 2019

A convenient and efficient selective mono N-arylation of primary O-alkyl thiocarbamates and carbamates is reported by a recyclable magnetic Cu(ii) nanocatalyst.
Chemodivergent, multicomponent-tandem facile synthesis of novel 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione using acetic acid functionalized imidazolium salt {[cmdmim]I} as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: Jahanshahi Parivash , Mamaghani Manouchehr
Published: May 2019

A novel one-pot four-component, highly efficient and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of a wide range of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-dione derivatives in the presence of acetic acid functionalized imidazolium salt as a newly synthesized Brønsted acid catalyst is described.
Highly selective synthesis under benign reaction conditions of furfural dialkyl acetal using SnCl2 as a recyclable catalyst
Authors: da Silva Márcio José , Teixeira Milena Galdino , Natalino Ricardo
Published: May 2019

A new and mild route of furfural acetalization with various alkyl alcohols catalyzed by cheap and simple SnCl2 has been developed.
Measurement and modeling of the adsorption isotherms of CH4 and C2H6 on shale samples
Authors: Li Chao , Li Ligong , Kang Tianhe
Published: May 2019

CH4 and C2H6 are two common components in shale gas.
Linking inhibitor motions to proteolytic stability of sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1
Authors: Wei Wanqing , Ma Jing , Xie Daiqian , Zhou Yanzi
Published: May 2019

Besides the non-bonded interactions, inhibitor motions especially rotation of the scissile bond also influence proteolytic stability.
Constitutional isomers of brominated-functionalized copillar[5]arenes: synthesis, characterization, and crystal structures
Authors: Al-Azemi Talal F. , Vinodh Mickey , Alipour Fatemeh H. , Mohamod Abdirahman A.
Published: May 2019

Constitutional isomers of brominated-functionalized pillar[5]arenes were synthesized using a co-cyclization strategy.
Broadband omnidirectional light reflection and radiative heat dissipation in white beetles Goliathus goliatus
Authors: Xie Dajie , Yang Zhiwei , Liu Xianghui , Cui Shifan , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang
Published: May 2019

The structure of exquisite shell/hollow cylinders enhances visible reflection and mid-infrared emission enabling white beetles Goliathus goliatus to keep cool.
Crystal reorientation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite thin film with thermal annealing
Authors: Kavadiya Shalinee , Strzalka Joseph , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz M. , Biswas Pratim
Published: May 2019

Two orientations in perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) film, (110) and (002), were resolved and shown to be affected by the thermal annealing procedure.
Theoretical investigations of the realization of sky-blue to blue TADF materials via CH/N and H/CN substitution at the diphenylsulphone acceptor
Authors: Hussain Aftab , Yuan Haiyan , Li Wenliang , Zhang Jingping
Published: May 2019

Sky-blue to blue TADF materials were designed via CH/N and H/CN substitution at the DPS unit of DMDHNP-DPS using the OHF method.
Tutorial: Speech Motor Chaining Treatment for School-Age Children With Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Leece Megan C. , Storto Jaclyn
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Operationalized treatments for school-age children with speech sound disorders may result in more replicable and evidence-based interventions. This tutorial describes Speech Motor Chaining (SMC) procedures, which are designed to build complex speech around core movements by incorporating several principles of motor learning. The procedures systematically manipulate factors such as feedback type and frequency, practice variability, and stimulus complexity based on the child's performance.

Method

The rationale and procedures for SMC are described. Examples are presented of how to design stimuli, deliver feedback, and adapt the approach. Free resources are provided to guide clinicians through implementation of the procedure. Data on fidelity of implementation and dose per session are presented. Clinical and research evidence is provided to illustrate likely outcomes with the procedure.

Results

SMC is a method that can result in successful acquisition of target speech patterns and generalization to untrained words. Most clinicians can implement the procedure with over 90% fidelity, and most children can achieve over 200 trials per session.

Conclusion

Clinicians and researchers can use or adapt the operationally defined SMC procedures to incorporate several principles of motor learning into treatment for school-age children with speech sound disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://osf.io/5jmf9/
Modelling and numerical solution of ungrounded DC rail traction system load flow using a ladder circuit – part I: circuit modelling
Authors: Ku Bih‐Yuan , Liu Jen‐Sen
Published: May 2019

Accurate solution of DC ungrounded rail power system load flow requires detailed modelling of the negative path, resulting in large numbers of circuit nodes and branches. The solution of the associate nodal voltage equations not only requires a heavy computational effort, but could also encounter ill numerical conditions. This two‐part study presents a novel methodology utilising the longitudinal configuration of rail traction power networks to derive a ladder‐circuit model and to devise an efficient solution algorithm. This method belongs to the so‐called sequential methods yet goes a step further to divide a DC traction power system into substations and ladder circuits between them. The modelling of individual substations makes it easier to incorporate detailed characteristics of receptive substations and various train load models, while the generic ladder‐circuit topology paves the way for simple and efficient numerical solutions. The proposed load flow solution requires manipulation of small‐dimensional matrices and equations, making it suitable for either manual or computer calculations of the DC portion of the sequential method for the load flow analysis of the entire traction system.
Proficient load‐frequency regulation of demand response supported bio‐renewable cogeneration based hybrid microgrids with quasi‐oppositional selfish‐herd optimisation
Authors: Barik Amar Kumar , Das Dulal Chandra
Published: May 2019

This is an earliest attempt to study the effective regulation of load‐frequency oscillations due to the penetration of renewable generations in bio‐renewable cogeneration based hybrid microgrids with demand response (DR) support considering optimal utilisation of resources. The work is a maiden attempt to derive the linearised model of a medium‐sized linear‐Fresnel‐reflector type solar‐thermal power unit for load‐frequency study in the proposed wind/micro‐hydro/biogas/biodiesel generator‐based hybrid microgrids, modelling suitable DR strategies for both isolated and interconnected modes. The proposed systems are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink for coordinated source/demand‐side management, proposing a novel quasi‐oppositional selfish‐herd optimisation algorithm in both the modes, incorporating real‐time recorded solar/wind data and realistic random loads. Firstly, the oscillations due to renewable‐penetrations are reduced efficiently in the isolated microgrid incorporating biodiesel generator and DR supports. Then the study is further extended for interconnected two‐unequal hybrid microgrids considering resource availabilities. The system responses are compared in four extreme scenarios of source variations, as well as three variations of DRs without retuning the controllers to study the adaptability of the proposed system. Finally, the system frequency oscillations are regulated satisfactorily by DR support for both the modes.
Young people use their smartphone all the time – even when crossing the street?
Authors: Vollrath Mark , Huemer Anja Katharina , Nicolai Christin
Published: May 2019

First studies from the USA indicate that distraction may also become a major health problem for pedestrians. To examine the scope of this problem for young people, an observational study was conducted in Braunschweig, Germany, looking at street crossing behaviours of students in the vicinity of four major high schools (n = 1386, 609 male, 737 children 10–14 years of age, and 649 adolescents 15–19 years). The observer recorded basic characteristics of the pedestrians (age and gender) as well as their activities before and while crossing the street (including mobile phone use). Crossing behaviour was rated with regard to safety while crossing (e.g. checking the road for cars before crossing). About 10.5% of the students used their mobile phones (looking at it and/or typing) while crossing the street. Being alone increased this to 15.3%. Talking to others lead to a reduction to 7.2%. Neither age nor gender nor the type of crossing infrastructure influenced this frequency significantly. Using the mobile phone substantially reduced safety‐related behaviours before crossing the street. Although no risky situation was directly observed, the results indicate a potential safety decrement due to mobile phone use for young pedestrians while crossing the road.
Impact of the reduced speed of light approximation on the post-overlap neutral hydrogen fraction in numerical simulations of the epoch of reionization
Authors: Ocvirk P. , Aubert D. , Chardin J. , Deparis N. , Lewis J.
Published: May 2019

Context. The reduced speed of light approximation is used in a variety of simulations of the epoch of reionization and galaxy formation. Its popularity stems from its ability to drastically reduce the computing cost of a simulation by allowing the use of larger and therefore fewer timesteps to reach a solution. This approximation is physically motivated by the fact that ionization fronts rarely propagate faster than some fraction of the speed of light. However, no global proof of the physical validity of this approach is available and possible artefacts resulting from this approximation therefore need to be identified and characterized to allow its proper use.

Aims. In this paper we investigate the impact of the reduced speed of light approximation on the predicted properties of the intergalactic medium.

Methods. To this end we used fully coupled radiation-hydrodynamics RAMSES-CUDATON simulations of the epoch of reionization.

Results. We find that reducing the speed of light by a factor 5 (20, 100) leads to overestimating the post-reionization average volume-weighted neutral hydrogen fraction by a similar factor ∼5 (20, 100) with respect to full speed of light simulations. We show that the error is driven by the hydrogen – photon chemistry by considering the analytical solution for a strongly ionized hydrogen gas in photoionization equilibrium. In this regime, reducing the speed of light has the same effect as artificially reducing the photon density or the hydrogen photoionization cross section and leads to an underestimated ionizing intensity. We confirm this interpretation by running additional simulations using a reduced speed of light in the photon propagation module, but this time we keep the true speed of light in the chemistry module. With this set-up, the post-reionization neutral hydrogen fractions converge to the full speed of light value, which validates our explanation. Increasing spatial resolution beyond a cell size of 1 kpc physical, so as to better resolve Lyman-limit systems, does not significantly affect our conclusions.
Influence of dimension on the convergence of level-sets in total variation regularization
Authors: Iglesias José A. , Mercier Gwenael
Published: May 2019

We extend some recent results on the Hausdorff convergence of level-sets for total variation regularized linear inverse problems. Dimensions higher than two and measurements in Banach spaces are considered. We investigate the relation between the dimension and the assumed integrability of the solution that makes such an extension possible. We also give some counterexamples of practical application scenarios where the natural choice of fidelity term makes such a convergence fail.
Splitting method for elliptic equations with line sources
Authors: Gjerde Ingeborg G. , Kumar Kundan , Nordbotten Jan M. , Wohlmuth Barbara
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study the mathematical structure and numerical approximation of elliptic problems posed in a (3D) domain Ω when the right-hand side is a (1D) line source Λ. The analysis and approximation of such problems is known to be non-standard as the line source causes the solution to be singular. Our main result is a splitting theorem for the solution; we show that the solution admits a split into an explicit, low regularity term capturing the singularity, and a high-regularity correction term w being the solution of a suitable elliptic equation. The splitting theorem states the mathematical structure of the solution; in particular, we find that the solution has anisotropic regularity. More precisely, the solution fails to belong to H1 in the neighbourhood of Λ, but exhibits piecewise H2-regularity parallel to Λ. The splitting theorem can further be used to formulate a numerical method in which the solution is approximated via its correction function w. This recasts the problem as a 3D elliptic problem with a 3D right-hand side belonging to L2, a problem for which the discretizations and solvers are readily available. Moreover, as w enjoys higher regularity than the full solution, this improves the approximation properties of the numerical method. We consider here the Galerkin finite element method, and show that the singularity subtraction then recovers optimal convergence rates on uniform meshes, i.e., without needing to refine the mesh around each line segment. The numerical method presented in this paper is therefore well-suited for applications involving a large number of line segments. We illustrate this by treating a dataset (consisting of ~3000 line segments) describing the vascular system of the brain.
Reliques et lathouses : deuil de la mort ?
Authors: Lavieille Jean-Clément , Martin Mattera Patrick
Published: May 2019

Dans cet article, nous proposons de penser la relation d’une personne en deuil avec les restes d’un proche décédé, restes évocateurs de ce que dans le domaine religieux on nomme relique. Cet usage ritualisé et ce rapport collectif au reste détiendrait une dimension protectrice et para-mélancolique. Aujourd’hui, les restes numériques élargissent et actualisent la définition première de la relique, initialement réduite aux restes corporels et matériels d’un saint. Le monde actuel, que Lacan désignait du terme d’aléthosphère, crée un rapport nouveau au mort grâce à l’illusion d’éternité mise en place par la production d ‘ objets technologiques (objets lathouses). Le prolongement virtu- réelement d ‘un autre décédé ouvre un lien individualisé à la mort, ne venant plus à manquer. L ‘ abrasement symbolique du deuil offre une prise directe voire addictive au mort, au risque d ‘ une fétichisation de sa figure.
Marguerite à Sainte-Anne : après le délire, rebroder le désir ?
Authors: Cappe Nathalie
Published: May 2019

Marguerite Anzieu rencontra Lacan à Sainte-Anne, et celui-ci écrira sa thèse à partir de cette expérience clinique célèbre. À partir de lectures, recherche documentaires et constatations cliniques, je m’intéresse ici à un détail inexploré jusqu’ici : Marguerite à Sainte-Anne cessera d’écrire pour se consacrer à la broderie, sans que Lacan s’y intéresse vraiment. Après un résumé de certains aspects de cette histoire clinique, je m’attarderai sur cette activité manuelle. Marguerite n’a-t-elle pas trouvé dans la broderie un mode de sublimation par lequel elle a symbolisé certains aspects de sa souffrance ? Plus largement, la sublimation au féminin, du fait de certains de ses liens à la domesticité, a-t-elle plus de difficulté à se faire reconnaître ?
Global defensive k-alliances in directed graphs: combinatorial and computational issues
Authors: Mojdeh Doost Ali , Samadi Babak , Yero Ismael G.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we define the global defensive k-alliance (number) in a digraph D, and give several bounds on this parameter with characterizations of all digraphs attaining the bounds. In particular, for the case k = −1, we give a lower (an upper) bound on this parameter for directed trees (rooted trees). Moreover, the characterization of all directed trees (rooted trees) for which the equality holds is given. Finally, we show that the problem of finding the global defensive k-alliance number of a digraph is NP-hard for any suitable non-negative value of k, and in contrast with it, we also show that finding a minimum global defensive (−1)-alliance for any rooted tree is polynomial-time solvable.
Krankenhausvergütung auch ohne Einweisung
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: May 2019

Im Regelfall hängt der Vergütungsanspruch eines Krankenhauses nicht von einer vorherigen vertragsärztlichen Verordnung ab, sondern davon, dass eine Krankenhausbehandlungsbedürftigkeit besteht. Dies entschied das Bundessozialgericht (BSG) mit Urteil vom 19.06.2018 (B 1 KR 26/17 R).
ST-Streckenhebungsinfarkt und akutes Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Streckenhebung
Authors: Weferling Maren , Hamm Christian , Liebetrau Christoph
Published: May 2019

Das akute Koronarsyndrom (ACS) umfasst den ST-Hebungsinfarkt (STEMI), den Nicht-ST-Hebungsinfarkt (NSTEMI) sowie die instabile Angina pectoris (iAP). Die beiden letztgenannten Entitäten werden als NSTE-ACS zusammengefasst. Die Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) publizierte im Jahre 2015 eine aktualisierte Version ihrer Leitlinie zum NSTEMI, sowie im Jahre 2017 zum STEMI. Zudem erfolgte in diesem Jahr die Publikation eines ESC Konsensusdokuments zur 4. universalen Definition des Myokardinfarktes. Diese Leitlinien bilden die Grundlage dieses Übersichtsartikels.
„Endlich handfeste Informationen“ – Wissenschaftliche Auswertung der Brandbriefe
Authors: Höppner Heidi
Published: May 2019

Von Heiko Schneiders Brandbriefe-Aktion war im Jahr 2018 überall zu lesen. Zwei Wissenschaft-lerinnen der Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin werteten die rund 1.000 Briefe von Heilmittelerbringern aus. Wie sie das gestemmt haben und wofür die Ergebnisse genutzt werden, erzählt Prof. Dr. Heidi Höppner im Interview.
Zweifel sind normal – Studieren mit Ü40
Authors: Schug Corinna
Published: May 2019

Corinna Schug steht schon lange im Beruf und ist damit auch recht zufrieden. Doch die Idee, noch mal zu studieren, lässt sie nicht los. Befürchtungen, dass ihr Englisch für ein Studium nicht reichen könnte oder ihre Ehe darunter leidet, schiebt sie beiseite und wagt den Schritt. Drei Jahre später ist sie zwar urlaubsreif, aber auch unglaublich stolz und gestärkt.
Multiple Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei einem 44-jährigen Mann – die Abklärung sekundärer Ursachen lohnt sich
Authors: Gollisch Katja S. C. , Lamersdorf Annette , Werner Mathias , Siggelkow Heide , Heppner Christina
Published: May 2019

Wir beschreiben den Fall eines 44-jährigen Patienten, der sich 2011 mit akuten Rückenschmerzen und radiologisch nachgewiesener frischer LWK-Fraktur vorstellte. Neben der frischen Fraktur fielen ältere Kompressionsfrakturen im Bereich der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule auf. Die Knochendichtemessung zeigte eine ausgeprägte Osteoporose. Klinisch fiel der Patient durch kleine Hoden auf. Die Diagnostik bezüglich sekundärer Ursachen der Osteoporose zeigte nicht nur einen hypergonadotropen Hypogonadismus, sondern auch das Vorliegen einer systemischen Mastozytose. Die der Osteoporose zugrundeliegenden Pathologien steuerten die Therapieentscheidung. Neben einer Testosteronsubstitution wurde eine Bisphosphonattherapie eingeleitet. Hierunter konnte eine Stabilisierung erreicht werden. Die Knochendichte verbesserte sich um 8 %, und es traten keine weiteren osteoporotischen Frakturen auf. Der Fall zeigt die Wichtigkeit einer vollständigen Diagnostik bezüglich sekundärer Ursachen einer Osteoporose, insbesondere wenn ein ungewöhnlicher Kontext wie bei jungen Männern oder prämenopausalen Frauen vorliegt.
Sorgenetzwerke am Lebensende: Interviews über das ‚gute Sterben‘ im österreichischen Bundesland Kärnten
Authors: Egger Barbara , Heimerl Katharina , Likar Rudolf , Hoppe Maria
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund In den letzten Jahren beobachten wir in Österreich einen lebendigen öffentlichen Diskurs zu Fragen des Ausbaus der Palliativversorgung. International erfährt die Frage nach dem erwünschten Versorgungsort große Beachtung.

Ziel Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach dem ‚guten Sterben‘ aus der Perspektive der Betroffenen im österreichischen Bundesland Kärnten nach.

Methodik Wir haben 11 qualitative, narrative und problemzentrierte Interviews mit Menschen am Lebensende und deren Angehörigen sowie eine Gruppendiskussion mit professionell Sorgenden in Kärnten durchgeführt und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Unsere Interviewpartner und -partnerinnen denken in den Gesprächen über das ‚gute Sterben‘ deutlich mehr über soziale Beziehungen als über konkrete Sterbeorte nach. Gutes Sterben bedeutet für die Betroffenen, in familiale, zivilgesellschaftliche und professionelle Sorgenetzwerke eingebettet zu sein.

Schlussfolgerung Im Sinne der Betroffenen unterstützen Caring Communities die Entwicklung von familialen, zivilgesellschaftlichen und professionellen Sorgenetzwerken.
Time series statistical analysis: A powerful tool to evaluate the variability of resistive switching memories
Authors: Roldán J. B. , Alonso F. J. , Aguilera A. M. , Maldonado D. , Lanza M.
Published: May 2019

Time series statistical analyses (TSSA) have been employed to evaluate the variability of resistive switching memories and to model the set and reset voltages for modeling purposes. The conventional procedures behind time series theory have been used to obtain autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions and determine the simplest analytical models to forecast the set and reset voltages in a long series of resistive switching processes. To do so, and for the sake of generality in our study, a wide range of devices have been fabricated and measured. Different oxides and electrodes have been employed, including bilayer dielectrics in devices such as Ni/HfO2/Si-n+, Cu/HfO2/Si-n+, and Au/Ti/TiO2/SiOx/Si-n+. The TSSA models obtained allowed one to forecast the reset and set voltages in a series if previous values were known. The study of autocorrelation data between different cycles in the series allows estimating the inertia between cycles in long resistive switching series. Overall, TSSA seems to be a very promising method to evaluate the intrinsic variability of resistive switching memories.
Calibration of DC offsets in quadrature mixing structure based on Hilbert transform
Authors: Guo Lianping , Ye Peng , Tian Yu , Zeng Hao , Meng Jie
Published: May 2019

DC offsets in a quadrature mixing structure will affect the system performance. This paper proposes a Hilbert transform-based algorithm to blindly calibrate the DC offsets by filtering the inphase and quadrature signals with the same Hilbert filters. Compared with the traditional averaging-based method, this method consumes less time and resources. Moreover, the proposed method need not interrupt analog-to-digital converter’s conversion, featuring the characteristics of high efficiency and good real-time performance. The Matlab simulation results verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm, and finally, an experimental platform is designed in detail to verify the practicability of this blind calibration algorithm.
On the role of rarefaction/compression waves in Richtmyer-Meshkov instability with reshock
Authors: Li Haifeng , He Zhiwei , Zhang Yousheng , Tian Baolin
Published: May 2019

Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) with reshock is characterized with the interaction between the mixing zone (MZ) and multiple waves, of which the process has not been fully understood so far. A direct numerical simulation of RMI with reshock, in which the shock initially propagates from a light fluid to a heavy one, is carried out. After the reshock, the MZ is accelerated by rarefaction and compression waves alternatively with decaying strength, during which the mixing zone is accelerated as a whole system and a mean-velocity gradient is evident in the MZ. Although the velocity field is quite complex during rarefaction/compression waves, the scaled profiles of mean volume fraction are not essentially different from those before the first rarefaction wave. A budget analysis reveals that the production of turbulent kinetic energy by the pressure and velocity gradient dominates during the first rarefaction and compression waves. The sign of the pressure-gradient production is opposite to that of the velocity-gradient production, with the amplitude of the former one being larger than that of the latter one. Rarefaction waves contribute to the turbulent motions while compression waves consume turbulence energy. The increment of MZ width is accompanied with formation of large-scale structures. These structures are stretched after the reshock, during the rarefaction waves, and compressed during the compression waves.
First proof-of-principle of inorganic perovskites clinical radiotherapy dosimeters
Authors: Bruzzi Mara , Talamonti Cinzia , Calisi Nicola , Caporali Stefano , Vinattieri Anna
Published: May 2019

Inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite devices have been manufactured and tested as dosimeters under both conventional and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) X-ray beams. Samples showed a very good linear dependence of the collected charge/current on dose/dose rates in the range of 0.1–5.0 Gy/0.1–4.0 Gy/min of interest for clinical applications. A device sensitivity of about 70 nC/Gy mm3 compares favorably with other solid-state dosimeters. The first verification of an IMRT dose profile of a prostate cancer treatment, performed by moving the perovskite device on a 10 cm-long profile with a 0.5 mm pitch, showed agreement within 5% with the dose distribution required by the treatment planning system.
Conversion efficiency of strained core/shell quantum dot solar cell: Converting from type-I to type-II structures
Authors: Shi Lei , Yan Zu-Wei
Published: May 2019

In this study, we further modify the modified detailed balance model given by Sahin to make it applicable to more materials. We use the further modified model to study the conversion efficiency (CE) of a core/shell quantum-dot (QD) solar cell, which can convert from a type-I to a type-II structure as a function of its material composition. In addition, a size-dependent strain effect caused by the lattice mismatch is also considered because the original detailed balance model depends strongly on the bandgap of the material. The results show that the modified model used herein is valid for materials with a wide range of variable oscillator strengths and that the CE obtained with this model depends not only on the energy gap but also on the QD structure, so the results are very different for type-I and type-II QD structures. In addition, the results show that the size-dependent strain effect strongly influences the band structure of the materials, so the CEs with and without the strain effect are very different, especially for a type-II QD solar cell.
Driving complex flow waveforms with a linear voice coil actuator
Authors: Young Dylan C. , Brehm Jacob M. , Scrimgeour Jan
Published: May 2019

Oscillatory and pulsatile fluid flows for use in microfluidic applications were generated using a deformable chamber driven by a low cost linear voice coil actuator. Compliance in the fluidic system originating in the deformable chamber and the fluidic tubing produced a strong frequency dependence in the relationship between the system’s input and the output flow rate. The effects of this frequency dependence were overcome by precise system calibration, enabling on-demand generation of sinusoidal oscillations in the fluid flow rate with a controlled amplitude in the range from 0.1 to over 1 ml/min across a frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz. The calibration data further enabled the optimization of a multistage exponential smoothing model of the system that allowed the generation of arbitrary complex waveforms. This was demonstrated by combining flow modulation with a constant background flow generated by a syringe pump to mimic the pulsatile flow found in the human vascular system.