bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Assessment of Satellite-Based Correction Service and Virtual GNSS Reference Station for Hydrographic Surveying
Authors: Elsobeiey Mohamed Elsayed
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of satellite-based correction service, Trimble PP-RTX, and Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) for bathymetry determination, and check how far these techniques meet the minimum standards of the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) for hydrographic surveys. To this end, a three-hour duration session was conducted at Sharm Obhur using KAU-Hydrography 1 vessel. This session includes Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data at the base station using Trimble SPS855 GNSS receiver, multibeam records using Kongsberg EM 712 multibeam echo sounder, sound velocity profile using Valeport’s sound velocity profiler, Applanix POS MV measurements, and real-time PP-RTX corrections. Moreover, the VRS GNSS data was generated using Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Continuous Operation Reference Station network (KSA-CORS). It is shown that the Total Horizontal Uncertainty (THU) and Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) of the PP-RTX technique are 5.50 cm and 5.90 cm, respectively, which meets the IHO minimum standards for all survey orders at 95% confidence level. The THU and TVU of the VRS technique, on the other hand, are 5.75 cm and 7.05 cm at 95% confidence level, respectively. These values meet the IHO standards for all survey orders as well. Statistical analysis of the seabed surface differences showed a −0.07 cm average difference between the PP-RTX seabed surface and the reference seabed surface with a standard deviation of 3.60 cm. However, the average difference between the VRS-based seabed surface and the reference seabed surface is −0.03 cm and a standard deviation of 3.61 cm.
Pricing and Hedging American-Style Options with Deep Learning
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Cheridito Patrick , Jentzen Arnulf
Published: July 2020

In this paper we introduce a deep learning method for pricing and hedging American-style options. It first computes a candidate optimal stopping policy. From there it derives a lower bound for the price. Then it calculates an upper bound, a point estimate and confidence intervals. Finally, it constructs an approximate dynamic hedging strategy. We test the approach on different specifications of a Bermudan max-call option. In all cases it produces highly accurate prices and dynamic hedging strategies with small replication errors.
A Four Green TM/Red TE Demultiplexer Based on Multi Slot-Waveguide Structures
Authors: Malka Dror
Published: July 2020

A four green transverse magnetic (TM)/red transverse electric (TE) light wavelength demultiplexer device, based on multi slot-waveguide (SW) structures is demonstrated. The device aims to demultiplex wavelengths in the green/red light range with wavelengths of 530, 540, 550, and 560 nm; 630, 640, 650, and 660 nm. This means that the device functions as a 1 × 4 demultiplexer for each polarization mode (TE/TM). The controlling of the light switching between two closer segment SWs under the TM/TE polarization mode was studied by designing a suitable SW structure and setting the right segment length to fit the coupling lengths of the operating wavelengths. The device is composed of six-segment SW units and six S-bends (SB) SW. The key SW and SB parameters were optimized and determined by a full vectorial beam propagation method (FV-BPM). Results show power losses better than 0.138 dB, crosstalk better than −21.14 dB, and an optical spectrum smaller than 9.39 nm, with an overall compact size of 104.5 µm. The device can be integrated in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for increasing data bit rate in a visible light communication (VLC) system.
New Applications of the Bernardi Integral Operator
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi , Güney H. Özlem
Published: July 2020

Let A ( p , n ) be the class of f ( z ) which are analytic p-valent functions in the closed unit disk U ¯ = z ∈ C : z ≤ 1 . The expression B − m − λ f ( z ) is defined by using fractional integrals of order λ for f ( z ) ∈ A ( p , n ) . When m = 1 and λ = 0 , B − 1 f ( z ) becomes Bernardi integral operator. Using the fractional integral B − m − λ f ( z ) , the subclass T p , n α s , β , ρ ; m , λ of A ( p , n ) is introduced. In the present paper, we discuss some interesting properties for f ( z ) concerning with the class T p , n α s , β , ρ ; m , λ . Also, some interesting examples for our results will be considered.
An Application of the Fixed Point Theory to the Study of Monotonic Solutions for Systems of Differential Equations
Authors: Branga Adrian Nicolae , Olaru Ion Marian
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we establish some conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the monotonic solutions for nonhomogeneous systems of first-order linear differential equations, by using a result of the fixed points theory for sequentially complete gauge spaces.
A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Based on Single-Valued Neutrosophic Partitioned Heronian Mean Operator
Authors: Tian Chao , Peng Juan Juan , Zhang Zhi Qiang , Goh Mark , Wang Jian Qiang
Published: July 2020

A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method with single-valued neutrosophic information is developed based on the Partitioned Heronian Mean (PHM) operator and the Shapley fuzzy measure, which recognizes correlation among the selection criteria. Motivated by the PHM operator and Shapley fuzzy measure, two new aggregation operators, namely the single-valued neutrosophic PHM operator and the weighted single-valued neutrosophic Shapley PHM operator, are defined, and their corresponding properties and some special cases are investigated. An MCDM model is applied to solve the single-valued neutrosophic problem where weight information is not completely known. An example is provided to validate the proposed method.
A TODIM-PROMETHEE Ⅱ Based Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Method for Risk Evaluation of Water Resource Carrying Capacity under Probabilistic Linguistic Z-Number Circumstances
Authors: Wang Xiao-Kang , Wang Yi-Ting , Wang Jian-Qiang , Cheng Peng-Fei , Li Lin
Published: July 2020

With the development of the urbanization process, the demand for water resources has increased significantly, but the pollution of water resources has caused serious problems. These changes pose a potential threat to water resource carrying capacity in many regions. However, how to determine the areas of highest risk in water resource carrying capacity is an urgent problem which remains to be solved. Resounding to these circumstances, this study establishes a TODIM-PROMETHEE Ⅱ (An acronym in Portuguese for interactive and multiple attribute decision making- preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation Ⅱ) based decision support framework to address this issue for the regions of intensive governance, thereby providing support. In this framework, a novel theoretical concept, namely probabilistic linguistic Z-numbers, is proposed to describe group decision information. The related knowledge of probabilistic linguistic Z-numbers is developed, including a comparison method, distance, and operational rules. Subsequently, a case study involving the evaluation of water resource carrying capacity is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the decision support model, followed by sensitivity analysis, comparison analysis, and discussion. The findings demonstrate that the constructed framework demonstrates great performance to address this issue.
Radiologists’ Knowledge and Attitudes towards CT Radiation Dose and Exposure in Saudi Arabia—A Survey Study
Authors: Almohiy Hussain M , Hussein Khalid , Alqahtani Mohammed , Elshiekh Elhussaien , Loaz Omer , Alasmari Azah , Saad Mohamed , Adam Mohamed , Mukhtar Emad , Alelyani Magbool , Alshahrani Madshush , Abuhadi Nouf , Alshumrani Ghazi , Almazzah Alaa , Alsleem Haney , Almohiy Nadiayah , Alrwaili Amgad , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Asiri Abdullah , Khalil Mohammed , Rawashdeh Mohammad , Saade Charbel
Published: July 2020

Computed tomography (CT) is a key imaging technique in diagnostic radiology, providing highly sensitive and specific information. While its use has increased dramatically in recent years, the quantity and associated risks of radiation from CT scans present major challenges, particularly in paediatrics. The fundamental principles of radiation protection require that radiation quantities be as low as reasonably achievable and CT use must be justified, particularly for paediatric patients. CT radiation knowledge is a key factor in optimising and minimising radiation risk. The objective of this study was to analyse knowledge level, expertise, and competency regarding CT radiation dose and its hazards in paediatrics among radiologists in Saudi Arabian hospitals. A self-reported, multiple-choice questionnaire assessed the attitudes and opinions of radiologists involved in imaging studies using ionising radiation. Among the total respondents, 65% ± 13.5% had a good comprehension of the dangers of carcinogenicity to the patient resulting from CT scans, with 80% presuming that cancer risks were elevated. However, only 48.5%, 56.5%, and 65% of the respondents were aware of specific radiation risks in head, chest, and abdominal paediatric examinations, respectively. Regular, frequent, and specific training courses are suggested to improve the fundamental knowledge of CT radiation among radiologists and other physicians.
DC Arc Plasma Treatment for Defect Reduction in WC-Co Granulated Powder
Authors: Itagaki Hirotomo , Yachi Taisei , Ogiso Hisato , Sato Harumichi , Yamashita Yorihiro , Yasuoka Junichi , Funada Yoshinori
Published: July 2020

Tungsten carbide–cobalt (WC–Co) agglomerated powder is widely used for additive manufacturing and spray coating, and a reduction in internal gaps in the powder is required to obtain a product of high quality. In this paper, we investigate plasma effects on agglomerated powder when WC–12%Co powder is directly subjected to direct current (DC) arc plasma treatment to reduce gaps in the WC–Co powder. We obtain a plasma-treated powder with reduced gaps among WC particles. Furthermore, plasma-treatment improves the sphericity of the powder particles, due to the spheroidization effect, so that the percentage of plasma-treated particles exceeding 95% sphericity is 50%, which is 1.7 times that of raw powder. Concern regarding the possible generation of W2C by plasma treatment is unfounded, with W2C levels kept very low according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, showing a value of 0.0075 for the area ratio W2C(002)/WC(100). XRD analysis also reveals that plasma treatment relaxes residual strains in the powder. From these results, the DC plasma treatment of WC agglomerated powder produces a spherical powder with fewer gaps and strains in the powder, making it more suitable for additive manufacturing while suppressing decarburization.
Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Red Foxes in Four Animal Tuberculosis Endemic Areas in France
Authors: Richomme Céline , Réveillaud Edouard , Moyen Jean-Louis , Sabatier Perrine , De Cruz Krystel , Michelet Lorraine , Boschiroli Maria Laura
Published: July 2020

In France, animal tuberculosis (TB) due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) affects a multi-host community that include cattle and wildlife species such as wild boars (Sus scrofa), badgers (Meles meles), or wild deer (Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus). The involvement of foxes in the epidemiology of TB is fairly described in countries facing multispecies concerns. After the discovery of grouped cases of TB in foxes in a French TB endemic region, a study was implemented in the core of four TB endemic areas in Dordogne, Charente, Landes (departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine region), and Côte-d’Or (Burgundy-Franche-Comté region). No infected fox was found in Côte-d’Or (n = 146), where in parallel TB in cattle and other wild species became sparse in the last years. In contrast, in Dordogne, Charente, and Landes, 13 (n = 184), 9 (n = 98) and 7 (n = 140) foxes were found infected by M. bovis, respectively, corresponding to 7.1% (CI95% 3.8–11.8%), 9.2% (4.3–16.7%) and 5.0% (CI95% 2.0–10.0%) prevalence rates, respectively. These infection rates are comparable with those observed in badgers and wild boar in these same three areas (ranging from 9 to 13.2% and 4.3 to 17.9%, respectively), where the number of cattle outbreaks has increased in the last 10-15 years. In each area, the genotypes of foxes’ M. bovis isolates were the same as those in local cattle and other wildlife species. None of the infected foxes presented TB-like gross lesions. M. bovis was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes of 28 foxes (68%). For the 12 foxes where retropharyngeal and respiratory lymph nodes were analyzed separately, M. bovis was present in the respiratory lymph nodes of eight individuals. With regard to excretion, appropriate samples were available for 12 infected foxes from Dordogne. M. bovis DNA was detected in the feces of five of these animals, four of which were infected in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Combined with the knowledge on the biology and ecology of foxes, the results of this study suggest that in areas where infection in cattle is still active in France, foxes might play a role of spillover host in the epidemiology of M. bovis.
Functional Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Two Novel Plasmids Mediating Quinolone Resistance in Proteus vulgaris
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Chang Mingding , Zhang Xiaochen , Cai Peiyan , Dai Yixin , Song Tongzhen , Wu Zhenzhou , Xu Haijin , Qiao Mingqiang
Published: July 2020

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) remains one of the main mechanisms of bacterial quinolone resistance and plays an important role in the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, two novel plasmids, p3M-2A and p3M-2B, which mediate quinolone resistance in Proteus vulgaris strain 3M (P3M) were identified. Of these, only p3M-2B appeared to be a qnrD-carrying plasmid. Both p3M-2A and p3M-2B could be transferred into Escherichia coli, and the latter caused a twofold change in ciprofloxacin resistance, according to the measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Plasmid curing/complementation and qRT-PCR results showed that p3M-2A can directly regulate the expression of qnrD in p3M-2B under treatment with ciprofloxacin, in which process, ORF1 was found to play an important role. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships of all reported qnrD-carrying plasmids and showed that ORF1–4 in p3M-2B is the most conserved backbone for the normal function of qnrD-carrying plasmids. The identified direct repeats (DR) suggested that, from an evolutionary perspective, p3M-2B may have originated from the 2683-bp qnrD-carrying plasmid and may increase the possibility of plasmid recombination and then of qnrD transfer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identification of a novel qnrD-carrying plasmid isolated from a P. vulgaris strain of shrimp origin and a plasmid that plays a regulatory role in qnrD expression. This study also sheds new light on plasmid evolution and on the mechanism of horizontal transfer of ARGs encoded by plasmids.
Taking Screenshots of the Invisible: A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones from University Students of Healthcare Professions in Rome, Italy
Authors: Cicciarella Modica Domenico , Maurici Massimo , D’Alò Gian Loreto , Mozzetti Cinzia , Messina Alessandra , Distefano Alessandra , Pica Francesca , De Filippis Patrizia
Published: July 2020

Mobile phones (MPs) are commonly used both in the personal and professional life. We assessed microbiological contamination of MPs from 108 students in healthcare professions (HPs), in relation to their demographic characteristics and MPs handling habits, collected by means of a questionnaire. Cultural and biochemical tests were performed, and statistical analyses were carried out. Staphylococci were present in 85% of MPs, Enterococci in 37%, Coliforms in 6.5%; E. coli was never detected. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated staphylococcal species (72% of MPs), followed by S. capitis (14%), S. saprophyticus, S. warneri, S. xylosus (6%), and by S. aureus (4%). Heterotrophic Plate Counts (HPC) at 37 °C, ranged from 0 to 1.2 × 104 CFU/dm2 (mean = 362 CFU/dm2). In univariate analysis, the male gender only was significantly associated with higher HPCs and enterococcal contamination. Multiple linear regression models explained only 17% and 16% of the HPC 37 °C and staphylococcal load variability, respectively. Developing specific guidelines for a hygienic use of MPs in clinical settings, for preventing cross-infection risks, is advisable, as well as introducing specific training programs to HP students. MPs decontamination procedures could also be implemented in the community.
Understanding Stress Response to High-Arsenic Gold-Bearing Sulfide Concentrate in Extremely Metal-Resistant Acidophile Sulfobacillus thermotolerans
Authors: Panyushkina Anna , Matyushkina Daria , Pobeguts Olga
Published: July 2020

Biooxidation of gold-bearing arsenopyrite concentrates, using acidophilic microbial communities, is among the largest commercial biohydrometallurgical processes. However, molecular mechanisms of microbial responses to sulfide raw materials have not been widely studied. The goal of this research was to gain insight into the defense strategies of the acidophilic bacterium Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, which dominates microbial communities functioning in industrial biooxidation processes at >35 °C, against the toxic effect of the high-arsenic gold-bearing sulfide concentrate. In addition to extreme metal resistance, this acidophile proved to be one of the most As-tolerant microorganisms. Comparative proteomic analysis indicated that 30 out of 33 differentially expressed proteins were upregulated in response to the ore concentrate, while the synthesis level of the functional proteins required for cell survival was not negatively affected. Despite a high level of cellular metal(loid) accumulation, no specific metal(loid)-resistant systems were regulated. Instead, several proteins involved in the metabolic pathways and stress response, including MBL fold metallo-hydrolase, sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, and GroEL chaperonin, may play crucial roles in resistance to the sulfide ore concentrate and arsenic, in particular. This study provides the first data on the microbial responses to sulfide ore concentrates and advances our understanding of defense mechanisms against toxic compounds in acidophiles.
Virus and Potential Host Microbes from Viral-Enriched Metagenomic Characterization in the High-Altitude Wetland, Salar de Huasco, Chile
Authors: Eissler Yoanna , Dorador Cristina , Kieft Brandon , Molina Verónica , Hengst Martha
Published: July 2020

Salar de Huasco is a wetland in the Andes mountains, located 3800 m above sea level at the Chilean Altiplano. Here we present a study aimed at characterizing the viral fraction and the microbial communities through metagenomic analysis. Two ponds (H0 and H3) were examined in November 2015. Water samples were processed using tangential flow filtration to obtain metagenomes from which the DNA fraction of the sample was amplified and sequenced (HiSeq system, Illumina). The ponds were characterized by freshwater and the viral-like particles to picoplankton ratio was 12.1 and 2.3 for H0 and H3, respectively. A great number of unassigned viral sequences were found in H0 (55.8%) and H3 (32.8%), followed by the family Fuselloviridae 20.8% (H0) and other less relatively abundant groups such as Microviridae (H0, 11.7% and H3, 3.3%) and Inoviridae (H3, 2.7%). The dominant viral sequences in both metagenomes belong to the order Caudovirales, with Siphoviridae being the most important family, especially in H3 (32.7%). The most important bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in both sites, followed by Cyanobacteria (H0). Genes encoding lysogenic and lytic enzymes (i.e., recombinases and integrases) were found in H0 and H3, indicating a potential for active viral replication at the time of sampling; this was supported by the presence of viral metabolic auxiliary genes at both sites (e.g., cysteine hydrolase). In total, our study indicates a great novelty of viral groups, differences in taxonomic diversity and replication pathways between sites, which contribute to a better understanding of how viruses balance the cycling of energy and matter in this extreme environment.
Cytomegalovirus and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) with a Special Focus on the Link with Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
Authors: Jentzer Alexandre , Veyrard Pauline , Roblin Xavier , Saint-Sardos Pierre , Rochereau Nicolas , Paul Stéphane , Bourlet Thomas , Pozzetto Bruno , Pillet Sylvie
Published: July 2020

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infects approximately 40% of adults in France and persists lifelong as a latent agent in different organs, including gut. A close relationship is observed between inflammation that favors viral expression and viral replication that exacerbates inflammation. In this context, CMV colitis may impact the prognosis of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and notably those with ulcerative colitis (UC). In UC, the mucosal inflammation and T helper cell (TH) 2 cytokines, together with immunomodulatory drugs used for controlling flare-ups, favor viral reactivation within the gut, which, in turn, increases mucosal inflammation, impairs corticoid and immunosuppressor efficacy (the probability of steroid resistance is multiplied by more than 20 in the case of CMV colitis), and enhances the risk for colectomy. This review emphasizes the virological tools that are recommended for exploring CMV colitis during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and underlines the interest of using ganciclovir for treating flare-ups associated to CMV colitis in UC patients.
Modulation of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Mice Acutely Infected with Neospora caninum
Authors: Teixeira Luzia , Correia Alexandra , Oliveira Bárbara M. , Pinto Ana , Ferreira Paula G. , Vilanova Manuel
Published: July 2020

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that in cattle assumes particular importance, as it is responsible for abortions reported worldwide. Leptin is an adipokine mainly secreted by adipocytes, which beside its role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis also has important effects in both innate and adaptive immunity. In previous work, we showed that mice chronically infected with N. caninum had elevated serum leptin levels. Here, we sought to assess whether acute infection with N. caninum infection influenced the production of this adipokine as well as leptin receptor mRNA levels. Our results show that acute infection with N. caninum led to decreased leptin serum levels and mRNA expression in adipose tissue. A decrease in leptin receptor transcript variant 1 mRNA (long isoform) and leptin receptor transcript variant 3 mRNA (one of the short isoforms) expression was also observed. An increase in the number of cells staining positive for leptin in the liver of infected mice was observed, although this increase was less marked in Interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 p40-deficient mice. Overall, our results show that N. caninum infection also influences leptin production during acute infection.
Autonomy and the Ownership of Our Own Destiny: Tracking the External World and Human Behavior, and the Paradox of Autonomy
Authors: Magnani Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

Research on autonomy exhibits a constellation of variegated perspectives, from the problem of the crude deprivation of it to the study of the distinction between personal and moral autonomy, and from the problem of the role of a “self as narrator”, who classifies its own actions as autonomous or not, to the importance of the political side and, finally, to the need of defending and enhancing human autonomy. My precise concern in this article will be the examination of the role of the human cognitive processes that give rise to the most important ways of tracking the external world and human behavior in their relationship to some central aspects of human autonomy, also to the aim of clarifying the link between autonomy and the ownership of our own destinies. I will also focus on the preservation of human autonomy as an important component of human dignity, seeing it as strictly associated with knowledge and, even more significantly, with the constant production of new and pertinent knowledge of various kinds. I will also describe the important paradox of autonomy, which resorts to the fact that, on one side, cognitions (from science to morality, from common knowledge to philosophy, etc.) are necessary to be able to perform autonomous actions and decisions because we need believe in rules that justify and identify our choices, but, on the other side, these same rules can become (for example, as a result of contrasting with other internalized and approved moral rules or knowledge contents) oppressive norms that diminish autonomy and can thus, paradoxically, defeat agents’ autonomous capacity “to take ownership”.
Magnetic Monopoles and Superinsulation in Josephson Junction Arrays
Authors: Trugenberger Carlo , Diamantini M. Cristina , Poccia Nicola , Nogueira Flavio S. , Vinokur Valerii M.
Published: July 2020

Electric-magnetic duality or S-duality, extending the symmetry of Maxwell’s equations by including the symmetry between Noether electric charges and topological magnetic monopoles, is one of the most fundamental concepts of modern physics. In two-dimensional systems harboring Cooper pairs, S-duality manifests in the emergence of superinsulation, a state dual to superconductivity, which exhibits an infinite resistance at finite temperatures. The mechanism behind this infinite resistance is the linear charge confinement by a magnetic monopole plasma. This plasma constricts electric field lines connecting the charge–anti-charge pairs into electric strings, in analogy to quarks within hadrons. However, the origin of the monopole plasma remains an open question. Here, we consider a two-dimensional Josephson junction array (JJA) and reveal that the magnetic monopole plasma arises as quantum instantons, thus establishing the underlying mechanism of superinsulation as two-dimensional quantum tunneling events. We calculate the string tension and the dimension of an electric pion determining the minimal size of a system capable of hosting superinsulation. Our findings pave the way for study of fundamental S-duality in desktop experiments on JJA and superconducting films.
Tail Risk Transmission: A Study of the Iran Food Industry
Authors: Mojtahedi Fatemeh , Mojaverian Seyed Mojtaba , Ahelegbey Daniel F. , Giudici Paolo
Published: July 2020

This paper extends the extreme downside correlation (EDC) and extreme downside hedge (EDH) methodology to model the interdependence in the sensitivity of assets to the downside risk of other financial assets under severe firm-level and market conditions. The model is applied to analyze both systematic and systemic exposures in the Iranian Food Industry. The empirical application investigates (1) which company is the safest for investors to diversify their investment, and (2) which companies are the “transmitters” and “receivers” of downside risk. We study the return series of 11 companies and the Food Industry index publicly listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data covers daily close prices from 2015–2020. The result shows that Mahram Manufacturing is the safest to hedge equity risk, and Glucosan and Behshahr Industries are the riskiest, while Gorji Biscuit is central to risk transmission, and Pegah Fars Diary is the main “receiver” of risk in turbulent times.
Predictors of CrossFit Open Performance
Authors: Mangine Gerald T. , Tankersley Joy E. , McDougle Jacob M. , Velazquez Nathanael , Roberts Michael D. , Esmat Tiffany A. , VanDusseldorp Trisha A. , Feito Yuri
Published: July 2020

The 2018 CrossFit Open (CFO) was the initial stage of an annual competition that consisted of five weekly workouts. Current evidence suggests that a variety of fitness parameters are important for progressing beyond this stage, but little is known about which are the most important. To examine relationships between CFO performance, experience, and physiological fitness, sixteen experienced (>2 years) athletes (30.7 ± 6.9 years, 171 ± 12 cm, 78.0 ± 16.2 kg) volunteered to provide information about their training and competitive history, and then complete a battery of physiological assessments prior to competing in the 2018 CFO. Athletes’ resting energy expenditure, hormone concentrations, body composition, muscle morphology, cardiorespiratory fitness, and isometric strength were assessed on two separate occasions. Spearman correlations demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) relationships between most variables and performance on each workout. Stepwise regression revealed competition experience (R2 = 0.31–0.63), body composition (R2 = 0.55–0.80), vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (R2 = 0.29–0.89), respiratory compensation threshold (R2 = 0.54–0.75), and rate of force development (R2 = 0.30–0.76) to be the most common predictors. Of these, body composition was the most important. These fitness parameters are known targets with established training recommendations. Though preliminary, athletes may use these data to effectively train for CFO competition.
Characterization of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotype b Strains with Five Different, Including Two Novel, Leukotoxin Promoter Structures
Authors: Claesson Rolf , Chiang Huei-Min , Lindholm Mark , Höglund Åberg Carola , Haubek Dorte , Johansson Anders , Oscarsson Jan
Published: July 2020

The JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans, serotype b has attracted much interest during the past three decades due to its close association with periodontitis in young individuals and the enhanced expression of a leukotoxin (LtxA). A typical feature of this genotype is a 530-base pair (bp) deletion in the ltxCABD promoter region controlling leukotoxin expression. In the present work, we have characterized serotype b strains with four additional promoter types. Two novel types have been recognized, that is, one with a 230-bp deletion and one with a 172-bp duplication. Moreover, a strain with a 640-bp deletion and three strains with a full-length promoter, including the type strain Y4, were included in the present study. The seven strains were characterized by multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and assessed for LtxA production. MLST showed that the strains with the non-JP2-like deletions represented distinct monophyletic groups, whereas the JP2 strain, HK1651, represented a separate branch. LtxA production was high in all three strains with a promoter deletion, whereas the other four strains showed significantly lower levels. It can be concluded that the genetic characterization and determination of LtxA production of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from individuals with periodontitis can contribute to the identification of novel virulent genotypes of this bacterium.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations into Dynamic Modal Parameters of Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Urethane Composite Beams in Railway Switches and Crossings
Authors: Sengsri Pasakorn , Ngamkhanong Chayut , de Melo Andre Luis Oliveira , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: July 2020

Dynamic behaviors of composite railway sleepers and bearers in railway switches and crossings are not well-known and have never been thoroughly investigated. In fact, the dynamic properties of the full-scale composite sleepers and bearers are not available in practice. Importantly, the deteriorated condition or even the failure of composite materials and components in the railway system can affect the functional limitations or serviceability of the switches and crossings. Especially, it is important to identify the dynamic modal parameters of Fiber-reinforced Foamed Urethane (FFU) composite railway sleepers and bearers so that track engineers can adequately design and optimize the structural components with their superior properties, for benchmarking with the conventional sleepers and bearers. This paper is the world’s first to investigate the vibration characteristics of full-scaled FFU composite beams in healthy and damaged conditions, using the impact hammer excitation technique. This study also determines the dynamic elastic modulus of FFU composite beams from experimental dynamic measurements. It is found that the first bending mode in a vertical plane obviously is the first dominant mode of resonance under a free-free condition. The dynamic modal parameters reduce when damages occur. In this study, finite-element modeling has been used to establish a realistic dynamic model of the railway track incorporating FFU composite sleepers and bearers. Then, numerical simulations and experimental campaigns have been performed to enable new insights into the dynamic behaviors of composite sleepers and bearers. These insights are fundamental to the performance benchmarking as well as the development of vibration-based condition monitoring and inspection for predictive track maintenance.
Clinical and psychological manifestations of internet dependent in students
Authors: Timerbulatov Ilgiz , Bakirov Linar , Yuldashev Vladimir , Timerbulatova Milyaush , Ahmadeev Rustem
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of an experimental psychological and clinical psychopathological study among students who use a computer. The work was conducted with the participation of students (n = 527), who has signs of Internet-dependent behavior. Some of them (n = 44) showed signs of borderline mental disorders. The results of the study confirm the interdependence of various manifestations of Internet-dependent behavior with the symptoms of borderline mental disorders.
Features of the psycho-emotional sphere and coping behavior of adolescents with a mild degree of mental retardation living in a boarding school
Authors: Afonina A. , Kozlova K. , Volodin B. , Petrov D. , Morozova V.
Published: July 2020

This study presents the results of studying the psycho-emotional sphere and coping behavior of adolescents with mild mental retardation living in a boarding school, taking into account the possibility of maintaining relationships with family.
Age differences in the dynamics of primary incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation in 1991–2018
Authors: Yazdovskaya A. , Demcheva N.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to determine age characteristics in the dynamics of primary incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation in 1991–2018. 2 periods of distinct dynamics of indicators related to the primary incidence of mental disorders were distinguished on the basis of analysis of statistical reports: from 1991 to 2004, when the indicators grew rapidly, and from 2005 to 2018, when the indicators decreased. Change in the direction of the indicator dynamics coincided with the beginning of restructuring of the psychiatric service of the Russian Federation in 2005 as part of the health care reform. Age differences in the dynamics of indicators in 2004–2018 with a significant decrease in the primary incidence of the main forms of mental disorders among working-age people (20–59 years) and an increase in the rates of psychotic disorders among children 0–17 years old were noted. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that one of the main reasons for these changes was a decrease in the number of referrals due to problems of stigmatization and insufficient availability of psychiatric care.
Excessive use of antipsychotics as a global problem of clinical medicine
Authors: Sivolap Yuriy , Portnova Anna
Published: July 2020

In recent decades in many regions of the world there has been an increase in prescribing antipsychotics, including for children and adolescents, and in many cases the drugs are used off label, in patients without diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychoses and bipolar disorder or — in child and adolescent practice — without severe behavioral disorders. In addition, antipsychotics are often prescribed at excessive doses, and antipsychotic therapy is not accompanied by proper monitoring of physiological functions and laboratory parameters. The metabolic effects of antipsychotics contribute to weight gain, obesity and metabolic syndrome, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases development. Children and adolescents, as well as young adults, are particularly vulnerable to the undesirable metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. The deterioration of physical health due to side effects of antipsychotics is one of the reasons for reducing life expectancy in patients with mental disorders.
Hypotheses of genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of type 1 Chiari malformation
Authors: Safin Sh. , Gilemkhanova I. , Derevyanko Kh.
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The study of the genetic mechanisms of the Chiari malformation is based on the study of genes of a possible predisposition to this pathology in combination with environmental factors that form the pathogenetic chain of the disease. Objectives of the research — to analyze foreign and Russian publications. Based on the literature, study the hypothesis of the genetic aspects of the pathogenesis of Chiari malformation. Findings. Based on the data of domestic and foreign literature, one can judge a breakthrough in the study of the genetic nature of the Chiari malformation, however, there is still no consensus on the pathogenesis of this disease, the responsible gene causing the pathology also remains unidentified. Further study of the genetically determined mechanism of the malformation will help in an interdisciplinary approach for gene diagnostics and personalized prevention of the craniovertebral region pathology.
Features of endoscopic anatomy of the chiasmal-sellar region in transcranial endoscopy via supraorbital keyhole-access
Authors: Kutin Maxim , Abdilatipov Abdishukur , Sharipov Oleg , Karinin Pavel , Fomichev Dmitry , Mihajlov Nikita , Chmutin Egor
Published: July 2020

The use of endoscopic assistance in transcranial microsurgical operations has started relatively recently and is not currently used routinely in neurosurgery. With the development of neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques in neurosurgery, minimally invasive surgery is currently actively developing, which provides a reduction in the volume of access and trauma of the intervention. One of the minimally invasive approaches used in chiasmal-sellar surgery is the supraorbital keyhole-access. This work is devoted to the description of features of visualization of anatomical structures of the chiasmal-sellar region using endoscopic techniques through microsurgical supraorbital keyhole-access.
Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence
Authors: Ivashinenko Dmitriy , Burdelova Elena , Ivashinenko Lyubov
Published: July 2020

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.
Rigid transpedicular fixation in the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis
Authors: Grin A. , Nikitin A.
Published: July 2020

A review of modern literature on the issues of rigid transpedicular fixation in patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis is presented. Technical aspects and various options for transpedicular fixation are studied, information on comparing their effectiveness is given. The results of studies evaluating the effectiveness of transpedicular fixation for spinal fusion, pain in the lumbar region, and a violation of the sagittal balance are presented. The complications of transpedicular fixation are highlighted.
Acute and Chronic Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Bardenshtein Leonid , Leontiev Valeriy , Drobyshev Aleksey , Tsimbalistov Aleksandr , Malginov Nikolay , Aleshkina Galina , Arutyunov Sergey
Published: July 2020

The review focuses on depressive disorders in cancer patients. The article summarizes the findings of domestic and foreign studies on depression prevalence, clinical symptoms and treatment in head and neck cancer patients. Early detection of affective disorder and timely administration of antipsychotic drug treatment is shown to be important for this patient category.
About the history of monitoring acute surgical pathology of abdominal organs in St. Petersburg
Authors: Barsukova I.
Published: July 2020

Materials related to monitoring of acute surgical pathology of abdominal organs in St. Petersburg are presented in article. I.I. Dzhanelidze stood at the origins of this work. He began his work in 1932 and it continues up to now. It shows achievements of health care in the field of urgent surgery, which is confirmed by reduction in mortality in acute surgical pathology of the abdominal organs. Today we have an opportunity to track the 100-year period of development of this surgical field in St. Petersburg.
Drug-induced anaphylactic shock events
Authors: Galimova Elena , Nurtdinova Guzel , Kucher Olga , Muslimova Victoriya
Published: July 2020

This article presents a retrospective analysis of 86 case histories of patients with drug-induced anaphylactic shock. The main etiological factors of anaphylactic shock and clinical forms were identified. Certain groups of drugs that most commonly cause anaphylactic shock are determined: β-lactam antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, enzymes, and antienzymes.
Experience of Development and Implementation of Adaptation Program for Medical Workers with Specialized Secondary Education in the Multidisciplinary Medical Organization
Authors: Khazov Mikhail , Murygina Mariya
Published: July 2020

The article describes the system of industrial adaptation of new employees to work in a multidisciplinary medical organization using the example of nurses. The article contains a description of the stages of adaptation, its participants and their interaction system. The article is intended for heads of medical organizations and human resources specialists.
Organizational and legal aspects of the quality of palliative care for cancer patients at the present stage
Authors: Ertel Lyudmila
Published: July 2020

This article discusses some of results of the change in legislation governing the provision of palliative care for cancer patients. Patients are provided with medical and social services with consideration of their individual needs. Priority of social home services for patients remains when determining the form of social services. It is noted that some measures have been taken to organize affordable and high-quality palliative care to eliminate legislative and law-enforcement difficulties in the Russian Federation at the present stage.
On the issue of creating information base for monitoring medical personnel in health care
Authors: Konovalov Oleg , Zudin Aleksandr , Chakhoyan Levon
Published: July 2020

The article presents data on the talent pool of dermatovenerologists working in Moscow in state owned healthcare organizations. It is concluded that the availability of complete and reliable monitoring information on the personnel will contribute to the improvement and increase in the efficiency of human resources management in health care.
Damage to the economy is a risk to public health (author’s opinion)
Authors: Jargin Sergei
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. Based on the experience of foreign countries, the author analyzes the feasibility of introducing strict quarantine measures in the country.
Informed voluntary consent of the patient: legal status and practical significance
Authors: Sokоva Evgeniya
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the mandatory application of informed voluntary consent of the patient to medical intervention on the example of a commercial medical organization.
Assessment of patient satisfaction with medical care: methodological and practical recommendations
Authors: Romanov Alexey
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to methods of assessing patient satisfaction with medical care provided. According toRussian literature sources, the author analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of analyzing public complaints, surveys, interviews, and other possible methods. The author concludes that it is appropriate to use methods to assess patient satisfactionwithmedical care in accordancewith the tasks that the researcherfaces.
Low level of adult adherence to clinical examination as a problem of early diagnosis of chronic non-communicable diseases
Authors: Afonina Natalya , Fedorova Anastasia
Published: July 2020

The article is about the lack of commitment of the population to the medical exams, starting from 18 years old and older also about the available ways of dealing with it. The relevance of this issue is explained this fact as a regular medical examination is a significant mass and very productive medical way to save health and reduce early mortality. Lack of public awareness about the process of medical examination is one of the main reason for the low commitment of citizens to medical exams. However more time is devoted to explaining the benefits of preventive measures and describing the stages of the dispensary examination, simple but no less important points are often missed.
Features of the organization of outpatient monitoring of patients undergoing organ transplantation
Authors: Ryabova Elena , Vasenin Sergey , Murtazalieva Marina , Zagainov Vladimir
Published: July 2020

The article presents an algorithm for outpatient monitoring of patients in the waiting lists of donor organs, preoperative examination of a recipient of the liver, kidney and pancreas, subsequent life-long monitoring of patients after organ transplantation. The main aspects of the organization of outpatient monitoring and treatment of this complex category of patients in the conditions of a regional organ transplant center are highlighted.
Possibilities of using neodymium laser (ND:YAG) in gynecological practice
Authors: Pauzina Ol’ga , Apolihina Inna
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the possibilities of using laser technologies in the treatment of urogynecological diseases on the example of the experience of doctors of the Volga district medical center of the FMBA of Russia.
Comparison of the coagulation potential of lyophilized blood plasma virus-inactivated by various methods
Authors: Krivov Ivan , Ragimov Aligejdar , Salimov Emin , Magadeev Karim , Mishutkina Yana
Published: July 2020

The article presents research data on the conservation of coagulation potential of lyophilized plasma inactivated by three different technologies — amotosalen and ultraviolet irradiation of spectrum A, riboflavin + ultraviolet of spectrum B, methylene blue + visible light. The study analyzed the concentration of blood-coagulation factors that affect the extrinsic, intrinsic and general coagulation pathways by comparing samples of virus-inactivated lyophilized plasma with various inactivation methods. As a result of the study, no significant differences in the indices between samples of plasma inactivated by various methods were detected. Therefore, virus-inactivated lyophilized plasma can serve as a full alternative to fresh frozen plasma.
Basic science-medicine: a new generation of antiseptics — «Liquid gloves»
Authors: Smirnova Larisa , Apryatina Kristina , Shchelmanova Ekaterina , Gorshenin Mihail
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the development of an innovative technology that allows preventing the spread of viral and bacterial infection by contact.