bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Knowledge Sharing Behaviors of University Teachers: An Empirical Study in China
Authors:   the International College, National Institute of Development Administration, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand, Xu Ling , Li Zhongwu
Published: December 2021

Knowledge sharing among teachers denotes an important means of promoting the professional growth of individual instructors. It enhances the competitiveness of school organizations and thus constitutes a focal aspect of knowledge management in universities. This study conducts an in-depth scrutiny of the knowledge sharing behaviors of teachers, examining their sharing intentions and attitude, support received from others, self-control. With this aim, this paper obtains data from 440 college teachers in Jiangxi Province in China. It then constructs a theoretical model reflecting these factors, and the collected data were analyzed through SPSS24 and AMOS24 to obtain the results. The results of this empirical study conducted in China demonstrate that the knowledge sharing intentions of teachers positively influence their knowledge sharing behaviors. Personal knowledge sharing attitudes and support received from others also constructively affect the knowledge sharing intentions of teachers. Self-control has a negative effect on knowledge sharing intentions and exerts an indirect influence on knowledge sharing behaviors. Knowledge sharing attitudes, support received from others, and self-control are strongly and positively correlated. This investigation suggests that the knowledge sharing intentions of teachers must first be enhanced to improve their knowledge sharing behaviors. The enthusiasm of teachers to share knowledge should be stimulated, and teachers should be encouraged to freely share their understanding with others. Further, their tight regulation of self-control should be appropriately relaxed.
Resin Akrilik Reinforce Nanosisal Menurunkan Perlekatan Bakteri Steptococcus mutans dan Jamur Candida albicans
Authors: Nugroho Dwi Aji , Yusifar Tiara Chaesar , Rochmah Ita Nur , Hairiyah Hairiyah
Published: November 2021

Resin akrilik telah banyak digunakan sebagai bahan basis gigi tiruan lepasan sejak pertengahan tahun 1940. Nanosisal merupakan serat dari tanaman Agave sisalana yang dibuat berukuran nano karena dapat memberikan hasil pemolesan gigi tiruan yang lebih halus, memudahkan proses polishing, tahan terhadap keausan, lebih mengkilap sehingga perlekatan bakteri dan jamur lebih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nanosisal dengan konsentrasi 0%, 10% dan 20% yang dicampur dengan material resin akrilik terhadap perlekatan S. mutans dan C. albicans. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental in vitro. Pembuatan nanosisal 0%, 10%, dan 20% dicampur dengan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan dicetak dengan ukuran 15x15x2 mm, direndam dalam suspensi S. mutans dan C. albicans kemudian dihitung jumlah koloninya untuk menentukan perlekatannya. Perhitungan koloni dilakukan pada hasil biakan S. mutans dalam media TSA dan C. albicans dalam media SDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada perlekatan S. mutans terhadap penambahan jumlah nanosisal (p 0,05) sedangkan hasil uji perlekatan C. albicans menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat penurunan perlekatan C. albicans pada resin akrilik yang diberi reinforced nanosisal. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi nanosisal yang ditambahkan maka semakin menurunkan jumlah perlekatan koloni S. mutans dan C. albicans pada sampel resin akrilik.
A Hybrid Lightweight 1D CNN-LSTM Architecture for Automated ECG Beat-Wise Classification
Authors: Obeidat Yusra , Alqudah Ali Mohammad
Published: November 2021

In this paper we have utilized a hybrid lightweight 1D deep learning model that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) methods for accurate, fast, and automated beat-wise ECG classification. The CNN and LSTM models were designed separately to compare with the hybrid CNN-LSTM model in terms of accuracy, number of parameters, and the time required for classification. The hybrid CNN-LSTM system provides an automated deep feature extraction and classification for six ECG beats classes including Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), atrial fibrillation (AFIB), atrial flutter (AFL), atrial premature beat (APB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), and right bundle branch block (RBBB). The hybrid model uses the CNN blocks for deep feature extraction and selection from the ECG beat. While the LSTM layer will learn how to extract contextual time information. The results show that the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieves high accuracy and sensitivity of 98.22% and 98.23% respectively. This model is light and fast in classifying ECG beats and superior to other previously used models which makes it very suitable for embedded systems designs that can be used in clinical applications for monitoring heart diseases in faster and more efficient manner.
An Integrated Signal Allocation Model with Effective Collision Resolution Model for Performance Enhancement of Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lalitha Aswani , Reddy Gangireddy Harinatha
Published: November 2021

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) differs from conventional wireless or wired networks in that it interacts with the environment. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) was investigated as a possible interface technology for making effective use of bandwidth. Such networks have been proposed for a variety of purposes such as search and rescue, disaster assistance, and smart positioning systems. These applications often require a large number of wireless sensors that are powered by batteries and are designed for long-term, human-free deployment. Collisions between network nodes can significantly degrade performance in WSNs. Although increased bandwidth facilitates wireless access to high data frequencies, it is prohibitively expensive to increase due to spectrum limits. This necessitates making good use of the available bandwidth. OFDM has been considered as a possible interface mechanism for efficiently utilising bandwidth. While many signals available in WSN technology can be employed to mitigate collisions, multi-signal allocations may have a significant impact on the efficiency of multistage communications. Real-time multimedia flow raises the chance of sensor network failures and congestion, which reduces the efficiency of Quality of Service (QoS). The main goal of the Signal Allocation Scheme is to allocate an appropriate number of signals to any node in order to use professional bandwidth and assure QoS. Load balancing is intended to measure and prevent collisions caused by the number of available slots in the frame. Preparation is another important component in preventing collisions because it decreases delay and optimises energy utilisation. In this paper, an Integrated Signal Allocation Model with Effective Collision Resolution Model (ICAM-ECR) is used to deploy non-overlapping signals dynamically for varying application loads based on expected bandwidth estimation. The suggested model is compared to standard methods, and the findings reveal that the proposed model outperforms existing models.
Road Identification Through Efficient Edge Segmentation Based on Morphological Operations
Authors: Rani Bandi Mary Sowbhagya , Majety Vasumathi Devi , Pittala Chandra Shaker , Vijay Vallabhuni , Sandeep Kanumalli Satya , Kiran Siripuri
Published: November 2021

Road identification from high-precision images is important to programmed mapping, urban planning, and updating geographic information system (GIS) databases. Manual identification of roads is slow, costly, and prone to errors. Therefore, it is a hot topic among remote sensing experts to develop programmed techniques for road identification from satellite images. The main challenge lies in the variation of width and surface contents between roads. This paper presents a road identification and extraction strategy for satellite images. The strategy, denoted as ESMIRMO, recognizes roads in satellite images through edge segmentation, using morphological operations. Specifically, morphological operations were employed to enhance the quality of the original image, laying a good basis for accurate road detection. Next, edge segmentation was adopted to detect the road in the original image accurately. After that, the proposed strategy was compared with traditional methods. The comparison shows that our strategy could identify roads from satellite images more accurately than traditional methods, and overcome many of their limitations. Overall, our strategy manages to enhance the quality of satellite images, pinpoint roads in the enhanced images, and provide drivers and repairers with real-time information on road conditions.
Technique of Tissues Separation in Endoscopic Rhinoplasty
Authors: Dobryakov B.B. , Sidorov S.V. , Ermakovich N.V.
Published: November 2021

Open rhinoplasty is usually performed for a wide separation of a tissue from outside. Such kind of preparation is rather traumatic, because supporting elements of the nose are intersected, and prolonged contact with wound surface large area causes the tissue hypoxia (Fig.1).All this can lead to the development of a powerful fibrosis, which in its turn can result in the nose immobility and masklike form.
Инновационные технологии организации работы с молодежью
Authors: Волосков И.В. , Валлис И.
Published: November 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию инновационных технологий организации работы с молодежью. Их востребованность определяется быстрым развитием современных молодых поколений, требований общества к формированию социальных качеств личности. В качестве примера современных технологий организации работы с молодежью рассматриваются диалоговые и игровые техники.
Analysis of MOOC on Programming for IT Specialist Training
Authors: Sharov Sergii , Kolmakova Vira , Sharova Tetiana , Pavlenko Anatolii
Published: November 2021

The article provides a quantitative analysis of online programming courses on such platforms as Alison, Udemy, Edx, Coursera, Udacity, Codecademy as of July 2021. The authors analyzed the number of courses that can be found either in thematic sections or by automatic keyword search. It was found that students can find 6,979 online programming courses on the analyzed platforms with the help of thematic sections. The Udemy platform provides the largest number of programming courses. Popular programming languages which have the largest number of online courses turned out to be Python, JavaScript and Java.
Formulating the Electric Vehicle Battery Supply Chain in Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan Albert , Asrol Muhammad , E Gunawan Fergyanto , Alamsjah Firdaus
Published: November 2021

The need for electric vehicle (EV) in the world is currently showing an increase, including Indonesia. Indonesia's Lithium reserves of around 4.5 billion tons and is the largest in the world, about 32.7%. This study aims to formulate a strategy for the EV battery supply chain in Indonesia to support the industry. Data was collected through questionnaires from experts using AHP-CPI. Center of Gravity was applied to determine the specific location and the supply chain strategy was formulated with SWOT. The research resulted in the best alternative location for an EV battery factory in the IMIP-Morowali industrial area, Central Sulawesi with score 486.55. Two grand strategies were suggested for EV supply chain industry, conducting research and improving human resources through training and technology transfer from investors by providing incentives.
Use of Multivariable Decision Methods in Decision of Retail Organizations
Authors: Manová Eva , Kopčáková Janka , Štofová Lenka , Simonidesová Jana , Čulková Katarína
Published: November 2021

The contribution is orientated to the extended well-known methods of multivariable decisions with a closer specification of Saaty and TOPSIS method. The goal of the contribution is to evaluate the performance of individual operations in the chosen company from eastern Slovakia. According to the results there is obvious several operations in smaller towns, and better results are achieved in comparing with bigger towns, since the bigger towns have higher density of population. Obtained facts can be useful during managerial decisions at the increasing of demands on several bigger operations, with a goal to intensify the performance of the operations in bigger towns.
Topology of ambient manifolds of non-singular Morse – Smale flows with three periodic orbits
Authors:   National Research University ", Shubin Danila ,   Higher School of Economics"
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to establish the topological properties of three-dimensional manifolds which admit Morse – Smale flows without fixed points (non-singular or NMS-flows) and give examples of such manifolds that are not lens spaces. Despite the fact that it is known that any such manifold is a union of circular handles, their topology can be investigated additionally and refined in the case of a small number of orbits. For example, in the case of a flow with two non-twisted (having a tubular neighborhood homeomorphic to a solid torus) orbits, the topology of such manifolds is established exactly: any ambient manifold of an NMS-flow with two orbits is a lens space. Previously, it was believed that all prime manifolds admitting NMS-flows with at most three non-twisted orbits have the same topology. Methods. In this paper, we consider suspensions over Morse – Smale diffeomorphisms with three periodic orbits. These suspensions, in turn, are NMS-flows with three periodic trajectories. Universal coverings of the ambient manifolds of these flows and lens spaces are considered. Results. In this paper, we present a countable set of pairwise distinct simple 3-manifolds admitting NMS-flows with exactly three non-twisted orbits. Conclusion. From the results of this paper it follows that there is a countable set of pairwise distinct three-dimensional manifolds other than lens spaces, which refutes the previously published result that any simple orientable manifold admitting an NMS-flow with at most three orbits is lens space.
Generation of double-frequency radiation in monotron with three-gap cavity
Authors:   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Muchkaev Vadim , Onishchenko Anton ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Tsarev Vladislav ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: November 2021

Purpose of this work is to study modes and conditions that make it possible to excite the highest type of microwave oscillations, the frequency of which is a multiple of the frequency of the main type, in a monotron with a three-band resonator. Method of the investigation is a numerical 3D modeling, used to calculate the dimensions and electrodynamic parameters of the resonator (characteristic impedance, coupling coefficient, relative electronic conductivity); operation modes of the monotron are considered, which are characterized by excitation of oscillations in the highest type oscillations. Result. In the resonator under consideration, it is possible to achieve a multiple (equal to three) ratio between the frequency of the 25th highest type of oscillations and the frequency of the π/2-type. It was shown that in such resonator simultaneous excitation of electromagnetic field on those frequencies can be made. The maximum of an output power achieved at 100.22 GHz is 15.4 W with an accelerating voltage of 7825 V and an electronic beam microperveance 0.36 µA/V3/2 . The maximal efficiency on a third harmonic is 0.83% while the total efficiency (generating electromagnetic waves of the first and the third harmonics) is up to 17%. Conclusion. It was set that the described method of generation of terahertz range radiation is promising for further investigation, as it solves problem that orthodox microwave devices meet in the millimeter wavelength range, such as small linear dimensions of the components and critical current density of the electronic beam.
Bilateral Testicular Torsion: A Case Report
Authors: Lotfi Behzad
Published: November 2021

Bilateral testicular torsion is a rare condition. We report a case of a male newborn with bilateral enlarged and firm testes. Color-Doppler revealed no evidence of vascular flow in both testes. Although intraoperative findings were in favor of bilateral infarcted and gangrenous testes, the patient underwent bilateral orchiopexy after conferring with his parents. At sixmonth follow-up, both testicles were atrophic. Management of bilateral neonatal testicular torsion is controversial and includes conservative management, orchiopexy, and orchiectomy. The possibility of salvaging testis in neonatal testicular torsion is very low in each treatment modality.
Essential Thrombocythemia Following Immune thrombocytopenia With JAK2 V617F Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Payandeh Mehrdad , Aeinfar Mehrnoush , Dadashizadeh Kimiya , Yari Saba
Published: November 2021

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder. Tyrosine Kinase JAK2 (JAK2 V617F) mutation occurs in nearly 60% of Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) patients. Both diseases produce impaired platelet. We describe a case with ET following ITP. So far, only 3 reports described ET following ITP. We report the fourth patient with JAK2 V617F mutation at the onset of ITP presented 20 years ago that needed splenectomy. The association of these two diseases may recommend similar pathogenic mechanisms between Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) and ITP that should be further explored.
Acute Hemolytic Anemia Induced by Levofloxacin in A Woman With G6PD Deficiency: A Case Report
Authors: Salehifar Ebrahim , Aliyali Masoud , Bazi Aliyeh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is an X-linked recessive disorder recognized as the most prevalent enzyme deficiency around the world. G6PD deficiency has a high prevalence in Iran, especially in the northern regions. As we know, hemolysis in G6PD patients was not reported with levofloxacin previously.
Case Report: In this report, we introduce a 54-year-old G6PD deficient woman who experienced the symptoms of hemolytic anemia following completion of treatment with levofloxacin.
Result: After ruling out other causes of hemolysis, by using the Naranjo scale, levofloxacin was considered as a possible cause of hemolysis.
Conclusion: Though the hemolytic anemia induced by levofloxacin is extremely rare in G6PD deficient patients, drug-induced hemolytic anemia should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses. It would be appropriate to use an alternative antibiotic instead of levofloxacin in a G6PD deficient patient.
A Patient With Optic Nerve Pit Maculopathy Successfully Treated With Juxtapapillary Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Nikkhah Homayoun , Ansari Iman , Hassanpour Kiana
Published: November 2021

Optic disc pits are rare and congenital or acquired anomalies of the optic disc, usually remaining asymptomatic. However, serous macular detachment or optic disc maculopathy is the most common complication, causing significant visual deterioration, without a current consensus about treatment. A 55-year-old woman with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension was referred for an abnormal finding in the retina. The Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Marcus-Gunn was negative and Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed no pathologic findings in both eyes. Funduscopic examination showed an excavation in the inferotemporal part of the Optic Nerve Head (ONH) with serous macular detachment extending to the optic disc. Based on clinical examination and paraclinical imaging fluorescein Angiogeraphy (FAG) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), optic pit maculopathy was diagnosed and the patient underwent Juxtapapillary Laser Photocoagulation (JLP). After 2 years of follow-up, there were anatomical and functional improvements.
Seasonal Prevalence and Novel Multilocus Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai Province, Western China
Authors: Song Jun-Ke , Wang Dan , Ren Mei , Yang Fan , Wang Pin-Xue , Zou Min , Zhao Guang-Hui , Lin Qing
Published: November 2021

Background: Giardia duodenalis is an important opportunistic zoonotic intestinal protozoon, which could parasitize yaks. However, a few studies have been conducted on the seasonal infection of G. duodenalis in yaks in China.
Methods: Overall, 1,027 fecal samples were collected from yaks of two age groups in seven cities of Qinghai Province, China at four seasons between May 2016 and Sep 2017. The prevalence and assemblages were analyzed by nested PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results: The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 2.04% (21/1027) based on triose phosphate isomease (tpi) locus. No significant differences in prevalence of the organism in yaks were found among different sampling areas. Additionally, same result was also presented in different seasons. However, there was statistically significant difference between young yaks within 6 months (8.33%, 4/48) and adult yaks over 6 months (1.73%, 17/979). The assemblage A recognized as a zoonotic assemblage (n=3) was found in yaks (>6 months) from Xining, while assemblage E (n=18) was detected from yaks in six cities. There were 5, 2 and 3 G. duodenalis subtypes detected positive at the tpi, the β-giardin (bg), and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci, with 2, 2 and 3 novel subtypes, respectively. Three samples were successfully sequenced at all three loci, forming 1 assemblages A multilocus genotype (MLG) and 2 assemblages E MLGs, not reported.
Conclusion: This study indicated a zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis in yaks from Qinghai Province and provides basic information about the epidemiology of G. duodenalis.
In Vitro Activity of Pentamidine Isethionate against Trophozoite and Cyst of Acanthamoeba
Authors: Behnia Massoud , Latifi Alireza , Rezaian Mostafa , Kharazi Sharmin , Mohebali Mehdi , Yasami Setayesh , Saghafi Shiva , Chahardoli Reza , Anasori Narges , Torkian Hakimeh , Soleimani Mohammad , Niyyati Maryam , Kazemirad Elham
Published: November 2021

Background: Acanthamoebae are a causative agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in immunocompetent individuals. Since access to propamidine isethionate (Brolene®) as a first-line treatment has been limited in recent years, in the current study, we examined the effects of pentamidine isethionate against trophozoite and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, during 2019-2020. Pentamidine isethionate at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 µM were tested against trophozoites and cyst stages of T4 genotype, at 24- and 48-hour incubation period, and the viability was determined by trypan blue staining. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of the drug was examined in Vero cells using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
Results: The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of pentamidine isethionate on trophozoite after 24 and 48h were 97.4 µM and 60.99 µM. These results on cyst after 24 and 48h were 470 µM and 175.5 µM, respectively. In MTT assay, the drug showed an inhibitory effect on Vero cell growth with IC50 values of 115.4 µM and 87.42 µM after 24h and 48h, respectively.
Conclusion: Pentamidine isethionate exhibited an inhibitory effect on trophozoite and cyst. Given that the trophozoicidal activity of the drug is in the safe dose, it could be suggested as an alternative in patients with AK; however, further investigation is needed in an animal model to confirm the data.
Seroprevalence of Toxocara Infection among Asthmatic Children in Shiraz City, Southern Iran
Authors: Salemi Amir Masoud , Arefkhah Nasir , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Rabbani Hamed , Nabavizadeh Hesamodin
Published: November 2021

Background: Human toxocariasis is caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, the nematodes in the intestine of dogs and cats, respectively. Since the association between asthma and toxocariasis is controversial, the aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection among asthmatic children in comparison with healthy children.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 92 asthmatic and 91 healthy children aged 1-16 years old in Shiraz City, Southern Iran in 2019-2020. The serum samples were tested for IgG anti-Toxocara antibodies by ELISA method using the T. canis larval excretory-secretory (E/S) antigens. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The seroprevalence of toxocariasis in asthmatic patients was higher than the healthy children with no significant difference in Toxocara seropositivity between two groups (9.8% vs 8.8%, P = 0.817). The association between Toxocara infection and variables such as gender and age were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There was no significant association between toxocariasis and childhood asthma. Further study on different regions such as urban and rural areas with a large sample size and using questionnaire for considering risk factors of asthma and toxocariasis is recommended.
Seroprevalence of Human Hydatidosis in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Mohammadi-Ghalehbin Behnam , Alizadeh Zahra , Molaei Soheila , Peeri Dogaheh Hadi , Mirzanejad-Asl Hafez
Published: November 2021

Background: Cystic Echinococcosis is considered a cosmopolitan cyclozoonotic parasitic infection. This study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of human hydatidosis using ELISA test and find the role of mutable factors such as age, sex, occupation, residency in the broadcast of the parasites in rural Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran.
Methods: The study population was 950 asymptomatic individuals selected randomly from urban and rural populations of Ardabil province, North-West of Iran by randomized cluster sampling in 2019-2020. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus spp. were analyzed by ELISA test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: Overall, 42 (4.4%) of the participants had anti E. granulosus antibodies in this region. High titer antibodies were most prevalent in people age group of >70 yr old, rural areas, females and people having history of contact with dog that showed significant difference. There was no significant association between the presence of Echinococcus antibodies and sex, occupation, having history of eating unwashed vegetable.
Conclusion: This is the first description of the seroprevalence of E. granulosus infection in the population in Ardabil Province, North-West of Iran. Obtained rate of hydatidosis approves the importance of diagnosing human cystic echinococcosis in these regions and it is expected that the authorities be careful to screen the disease.
Anti-Toxoplasma Effect of Hydroalchohlic Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz in Cell Culture and Murine Model
Authors: Jafari Mahnaz , Lorigooini Zahra , Kheiri Soleiman , Manochehri Naeini Kourosh
Published: November 2021

Background: We examined anti-Toxoplasma effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz (T. chebula) in cell culture and murine model.
Methods: The study was conducted in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2017. Half maximal effective (concentration (EC50) of T. chebula extract and pyrimethamine was determined in infected Hela cells by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In the animal model, BALB/c mice were injected with tachyzoites (104) of T. RH strain intraperitoneally. 24h after the injection, the test groups were orally treated with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of T. chebula extract for 7 days. The survival rate of the mice was determined and blood samples were collected to determine the amount of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity. Then peritoneal fluid of the mice was collected to count the number of tachyzoites and after necropsy, the pathologic changes, including the weight of liver, spleen and kidneys were investigated. The analysis of data was accomplished using SPSS.
Results: EC50 values were 94.7μg/mL and 290.50μg/mL for T. chebula and pyrimethamine respectively. In the animal model, the extract of T. chebula in concentration of 100 mg/kg showed the same anti-Toxoplasma effect as pyrimethamine. This concentration of the extract decreased number of intraperitoneal tachyzoites and increased the survival rate of the mice. This extract reduced the levels of serum MDA and tissue inflammation and increased serum antioxidant capacity.
Conclusion: Regarding the positive effect of extract, after more clinical trials in the animal model and standardization of the extract, it can be used as an alternative or complementary therapy for toxoplasmosis.
Predisposing Factors to Lymphatic Filariasis among Residents in Igbo-Eze North; an Endemic Area in Nigeria
Authors: Aniaku Ifeoma Esther , Onyishi Grace Chinenye , Nwosu Chigozie Godwin , Urama Chiamaka Chimdalu , Akobe Nicholas Arome , Nnawuihe Olivia Olunna , Obodo Chiazor Somachi
Published: November 2021

Background: The study on lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Igbo-Eze North was conducted to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors to LF among its residents between May and October 2018.
Methods: A total of 201 residents who have lived in the area for at least one year were recruited. They were stratified according to age, gender and occupation, and were clinically examined firstly by rapid assessment method for any lymphoedema and hydrocele. At recruitment, blood samples were collected from all volunteered participants for LF test. In addition, demographic information and risk factors of the respondents were captured using a structured questionnaire by oral interview.
Results: The overall prevalence for LF was 84 (41.8%). Furthermore, LF prevalence was significant (P < 0.05) in all the studied communities: 61.5% in Umuogbuagu, 48.1% in Aguibege, 32.7% in Umuagama and 21.7% in Umuopu. The sex-related prevalence of LF was higher among females than males, with slight significant difference (P = 0.046). In relation to age and occupation, higher prevalences (P < 0.0001) were recorded among older (≥ 50 years) subjects (49, 61.2%) and traders (55, 57.9%) respectively. The risk associated with LF implicated lack of knowledge, non-use of mosquito nets, as well as visit and proximity to water bodies as major predispositions (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of LF in this study was high. Higher prevalence was among females, older people and traders. Notable risks to the disease outcome are environmental, attitudinal and occupational with chances of scaled up prevalence and burden overtime.
A Pilot Study on Deworming Wild Foxes for Echinococcus spp. in Qinghai, China
Authors: Guo Zhihong , Duo Hong , Zhang Xueyong , Ma Yijuan , Shen Xiuying , Fu Yong
Published: November 2021

Background: Wild foxes play an important role in echinococcosis epidemics. There have been a few studies investigating Echinococcus spp. in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area, China, but none on the prevention and control of Echinococcus spp. in wild foxes.
Methods: From 2016 March through December 2019, two wild fox dens were selected as two test sites based on prior long-term camera screening and observation. Anthelmintic praziquantel tablets were placed near the two dens of wild foxes, and the wild foxes freely consumed the anthelmintic drugs. Morphological methods were used to detect initially the parasite species, and PCR molecular methods were used to identify accurately parasite and host species.
Results: Parasite eggs of E. multilocularis (2/11, 18.2%) were found in 11 fecal samples. Importantly, the eggs of E. multilocularis (1/21, 4.8%) were found again in the feces of the foxes one year later; moreover, the eggs of E. multilocularis (2/19, 10.5%) still existed in the feces of the foxes two years later.
Conclusion: Wild foxes were repeatedly infected with E. multilocularis and that deworming for prevention and control is required at least twice per year. Prevention and control methods for echinococcosis in wild foxes were explored, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of echinococcosis in wild animals.
Wound Myiasis in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Calliphoridae and Sar-cophagidae Family
Authors: Tileklioğlu Evren , Yildiz İbrahim , Kozan Fürüzan Bozkurt , Malatyali Erdoğan , Ertuğrul Mustafa Bülent , Ertabaklar Hatice
Published: November 2021

Background: Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues or body cavities of mammals with dipterous larvae. The patients with diabetic foot ulcers are more vulnerable to acquiring infestation; however, the infestation may be neglected and mistreated in some cases. 
Methods: Data were collected of twelve myiasis cases with diabetic foot ulcers in Nazli-Selim Eren Chronic Wound and Infections Care Unit, Aydin, Turkey between 2017 and 2019. Demographic, clinical characteristics of the patients and clinical examination of the wound were recorded. To morphology-based identification method of the agents, the developmental stages of the maggots were examined.
Results: The cases aged between 46 and 81 years (10 males, two females). Eight of the larvae collected from wounds had Calliphoridae and four had Sarcophagidae family. The larvae were infested right/left foot sole, thumb, ankle, and mostly left toes. The number of larvae collected from the cases ranged from 2 to 48. Third-stage larvae (L3) were mostly detected. Mixed (L1-L2, L2-L3) larvae were detected in a patient. The infestations were more common in July and August. According to the score of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), ten (83%) cases had moderate and two (17%) cases were mild diabetic foot infections (DFIs).
Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers should be evaluated in terms of myiasis. This was the first study in our province indicating that myiasis should not be neglected and different species of flies were responsible for myiasis cases.
Aleatory Trypanosoma cruzi Vertical Transmission in Chiapas, Mexico: A Case Report
Authors: López-Cancino Sury Antonio , Méndez-Galván Jorge Fernando , Soria-Guerrero Mariana , Meneses-Mayo Marcos , Islas-Andrade Sergio Agustin , Jiménez-Cardoso Enedina
Published: November 2021

Congenital Chagas disease is considered a form of dispersion of Trypanosoma cruzi related to human migration from endemic, often rural to previously non-endemic urban areas. This fact increases the Chagas disease establishment risk inside of family members by vertical transmission pathway. Congenital Chagas disease cases in newborns could not identified by the health professional even in endemic regions. Here we present the first family cluster of Chagas disease cases from Chiapas: one of the most important endemic areas in South of Mexico, where vertical T. cruzi transmission incidence rate is ranged between 2% to 22% revealing an important public health problem. Two cases inside a family from Chiapas, México with positive antibodies against T. cruzi detected by ELISA are presented; one of them got the infection through vertical pathway. We think that congenital Chagas disease should not be ignored in a newborn born from an asymptomatic Chagas disease mother, who may transmit the parasite infection randomly.
Using Maggot Debridement Therapy in Treatment of Necrosis in the Forearm Caused By Docetaxel Extravasation: A Case Report
Authors: Bazaliński Dariusz , Przybek-Mita Joanna , Kucharzewski Marek , Więch Paweł
Published: November 2021

Extravasation of doxorubicin, vincristine or vinblastine leads to necrosis, damage of the muscles and nerves, deep ulceration, as well as limb dysfunction. Necrosis and deep ulcers develop within 7 to 28 days. Like necrotomy, Lucilia sericata maggot therapy is recognised as a method enabling effective, safe and quick removal of necrotic tissue. The purpose of the study was to present local treatment of hypodermic necrosis caused by docetaxel extravasation in course of systemic cancer therapy. A woman, 59 years of age, in course of systemic therapy due to advanced cancer of the left breast (T2N1M1 CS IV) with confirmed metastases within the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra and in the liver, receiving a combination treatment with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel. During the therapy, a conservative treatment was applied due to extravasation for over three months. Effects in the right forearm included swelling, redness, signs of 4x10cm inflammatory infiltrate, with 1x4cm necrotic crust visible in the central region. Hypodermic necrosis was debrided using L. sericata maggots, and subsequently specialist dressings were applied to promote granulation and healing. In the case discussed here, effectiveness of MDT was rather poor, however the treatment minimised the risk of infection associated with evacuation of necrosis. Attempts to use MDT should be continued to enable more comprehensive understanding of problems related to management of necrosis in wounds developing during cancer therapy.
Effects of Placenta Location in Pregnancy Outcomes of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS); A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abotorabi Shokoh , Chamanara Solmaz , Oveisi Sonia , Rafiei Maryam , Amini Leila
Published: November 2021

Objective: Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) affects approximately one in a thousand deliveries. Very few studies evaluated PAS risk factors based on their location. In this study, we have investigated the effects of placenta location on placental adhesion-related complications, its risk factors, and outcomes.
Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pathology-confirmed cases of PAS from patients with peripartum hysterectomy, at a large educational hospital in Qazvin, Iran, from 2009 to 2019. Placenta location was found by ultrasound reports and intraoperative evaluation. We measured demographic features, basic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes based on placental location including anterior, posterior, and lateral in Placenta Accreta Spectrum. Chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the relation of complications, risk factors, and outcomes in PAS.
Results: A review of 70 cases showed the distribution of placenta location as follows: 57% anterior, 27% posterior, and 16% lateral. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35 (33-39) weeks. In 78.6% (n=55) of the patients, an association with placenta previa and in 94/2% (n=66) of cases a history of cesarean section was found, however, it was not significantly correlated with placenta location (p=0.082). We found that surgery duration was significantly longer in patients with lateral PAS (155±38, vs 129.35±33.8 and 133.15±31.5 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.09). Patients with lateral PAS also bled more than the remaining two groups (2836 ml for lateral PAS vs 2002 and 1847 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.022). Moreover, women with a history of uterine surgery were more likely to have posterior PAS compared to those with anterior and lateral PAS (p=0.035).
Conclusion: Differences in complications, risk factors, and outcomes of PAS based on placenta location may lead to improved diagnosis and decreased morbidity in women.
Impact of Early Treatment with High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin on Incidence of Kawasaki Disease Complications in Iranian Children
Authors: Karimi Yazdi Alireza , Akbariasbagh Parvin , Aghighi Yahya , Raeeskarami Seyyed Reza , Toomaj Khadije , Heidari Sahar , Alamdari Shahnaz , Sahebi Leyla
Published: November 2021

Objective: Kawasaki disease (KD) occurs in five-year-old or younger children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin plus acetylsalicylic acid therapy on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery lesions and to evaluate the impact of high-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the hearing of the patients.
Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 31 patients with KD were followed from January 2012 to December 2015. The clinical, para-clinical, color Doppler echocardiogram and audiometry results were evaluated.
Results: Overall, seven cases (22.6%) developed coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) in the acute phase of the disease, of whom only two still had CAA at the end of the treatment (6%). One of the five children with CAA recovery had a delay in the onset of treatment and one of two patients with persistent CAA at the end of treatment was admitted within the first 10 days. There was no evidence-based abnormal liver biochemical test.  None of the patients developed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on audiometry tests conducted before and after treatment.
Conclusion: Recovery of coronary artery lesions was 71.43% after 28 days of the onset of treatment. The distribution of coronary artery aneurysm was not different in terms of the time of the treatment initiation (P-Value = 0.371). None of the children had a sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) 48 hours and 4 weeks after treatment.
Successful Treatment of Testicular Failure Type IV Without Micro-Testicular Epididymal Sperm Extraction: A Case Report
Authors: Paktinun Nahathai , Srisombut Chartchai , Kongwattanasin Thidarat , Pongpirul Krit
Published: November 2021

Objective: Sperm donation and hormonal therapy with micro-Testicular Epididymal Sperm Extraction (TESE) for infertility from testicular failure might not always be available in some contexts. We report a successful embryo transfer from the patient-by ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy.
Case report: A 42 year-old male presented with non-obstructive azoospermia from testicular failure. Hormonal treatments were given along with the patient-initiated ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy, which eventually resulted in 17 sperms retrieved. Twelve mature oocytes were selected for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with the retrieved sperms, of which 8 oocytes were successfully fertilized but only two reached the early blastocyst stage; the first embryo transfer was not successful. Another five eggs were thawed and fertilized with the remaining 5 sperms and 3 oocytes were successfully fertilized: Seven cells were grade 3, 6 cells were grade 3, and 3 cells were grade 3. The second embryo transfer was successful, and the term female infant was successfully delivered by cesarean section.
Conclusion: At a center without micro-TESE availability, successful embryo transfer for testicular failure type IV could be achieved by hormonal therapy plus a ‘cumulative sperm collection’ strategy.
Evaluation of the ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr Polymorphisms in the Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hoseinnezhad-lazarjani Eskandar , Nazemi Ali
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. The ELAC2 gene (HPC2 locus) on chromosome 17p11 has been identified as hereditary tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. Some evidence showed that ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms were associated with prostate cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms in the patients with prostate cancer.
Methods: In this study, blood samples were collected from 64 persons of a family, which suspected to of having prostate cancer. The genomic DNA was extracted using Commercialthe commercial DNA extraction kit. ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr target regions were PCR amplified with specific primers. PCR products were then sequenced to determine mutations. The final analysis was performed using Rest 2009 software. AlsoFurthermore, SPSS software version 16 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test were used to evaluate the normality of the data and T test was used to evaluate the expression of ELAC2 gene and its relationship with T and N factors.
Results: The results of gene sequencing for Ser217Leu mutation showed that 18.75% were mutant homozygote (Leu/Leu), 40.62% were heterozygote (Leu/Ser) and 40.62% were normal homozygote (Ser/Ser). In addition, for Ala541Thr, the Ala/Thr heterozygosity and Ala/Ala normal homozygosity were determined in 18.75% and 81.25%, respectively. There was not observed any mutant homozygosity (Thr/Thr) in these samples.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms were associated with prostate cancer and might be used as susceptibility markers of prostate cancer. In addition, PCR and gene sequencing are very useful for screening the mutations of prostate cancer in clinical trials and diagnosis.
Evaluation of the Awareness of the Yazd Medical Students about Common Oral Diseases and its Relationship with General Health of the Body
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Hosein , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Akhavan Karbassi Mohammad Hasan , Fallahzade Hossein , Akbari Zahra , Kheirandish Naeimeh
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Considering the importance of oral health as a part of general health and the role of physicians in community health, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between common oral diseases and general body health from the perspective of medical students in Yazd City in 2018.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 210 internship and pre-internship students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd Cityin 2018 were selected randomly and their knowledge about common oral and dental diseases and its relationship with general body health was assessed through a valid and reliabile questionnaire consisted of 10 questions. Data were entered into SPSS version 16 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test.
Results: In the present study, 191 internship and pre-internship students completed the research questionnaire, of which 101 were female (52.8 %) and 90 were male (47.1%). The mean age of the students was 24.07 ±1.92. Their mean grade point average at the time of the study was 15/95±1/28. The mean score of their knowledge of oral diseases was 9.79 ± 3.27 with a range of 1 to 19. There was no statistically significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge in terms of age, sex, semester and grade point average (p˃0/05).
Conclusion: The results showed that the mean score of knowledge of the internship and pre-internship students about common oral diseases and its relationship with general health is low. Therefore, it seems necessary to improve the level of knowledge of medical students in this regard by adding the mentioned topics to the educational curriculum of medical students.
Civil Law Peculiarities of State and Municipal Contracts Concluded with the Use of Electronic and Digital Means
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), LL.D., Associate Professor, Rodionova Olga M.
Published: December 2021

The article reflects the results of the analysis of legislation on the conclusion of state and municipal contracts using electronic and digital means and the practice of its application. It is noted that the conclusion of the contracts in question differs in physical and technological terms from those actions that are performed in the course of procurement without the use of electronic and digital means. However, the functional purpose of digital procurement remains unchanged. Therefore, neither special legislation on electronic digital signatures, nor the existence of requirements for the use of electronic digital means in the conclusion of state and municipal contracts change their written form. At the same time, the legal structure of their conclusion becomes more complex due to the requirement to specify a special record of accounting nature-the purchase identification code, which makes it possible to separate the contracts in question into an independent group along with transactions requiring state registration.