bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lightning Frequency in an Idealized Hurricane-Like Vortex from Initial to Steady-State Using a Coupled Meteorological and Explicit Bulk Lightning Model
Authors: Sato Yousuke , Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Tomita Hirofumi
Published: January 2021

The dependence of lightning frequency on the life cycle of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) was investigated using a three-dimensional meteorological model coupled with an explicit lightning model. To investigate this dependence, an idealized numerical simulation covering the initial state to the steady state (SS) of an idealized TC was conducted. The simulation was consistent with the temporal evolution of lightning frequency reported by previous observational studies. Our analyses showed that the dependence originates from changes in the types of convective cloud with lightning over the life cycle of the TC. Before rapid intensification (RI) and in the early stage of RI, convective cloud cells that form under high-convective available potential energy (CAPE) conditions are the main contributors to lightning. As the TC reaches the late stage of RI and approaches SS, the secondary circulation becomes prominent and convective clouds in the eyewall region alongside the secondary circulation gradually become the main contributors to the lightning. In the convective cloud cells formed under high-CAPE conditions, upward velocity is strong and large charge density is provided through noninductive charge separation induced by graupel collisions. This large charge density frequently induces lightning in the clouds. On the other hand, the vertical velocity in the eyewall is weak, and it tends to contribute to lightning only when the TC reaches the mature stage. Our analyses imply that the maximum lightning frequency that occurs before the maximum intensity of a TC corresponds to the stage of a TC’s life cycle in which convective cloud cells are generated most frequently and moisten the upper troposphere.
Beyond Strictly Proper Scoring Rules: The Importance of Being Local
Authors: Du Hailiang
Published: January 2021

The evaluation of probabilistic forecasts plays a central role both in the interpretation and in the use of forecast systems and their development. Probabilistic scores (scoring rules) provide statistical measures to assess the quality of probabilistic forecasts. Often, many probabilistic forecast systems are available while evaluations of their performance are not standardized, with different scoring rules being used to measure different aspects of forecast performance. Even when the discussion is restricted to strictly proper scoring rules, there remains considerable variability between them; indeed strictly proper scoring rules need not rank competing forecast systems in the same order when none of these systems are perfect. The locality property is explored to further distinguish scoring rules. The nonlocal strictly proper scoring rules considered are shown to have a property that can produce “unfortunate” evaluations, particularly the fact that the continuous rank probability score prefers the outcome close to the median of the forecast distribution regardless of the probability mass assigned to the value at/near the median raises concern to its use. The only local strictly proper scoring rule, the logarithmic score, has direct interpretations in terms of probabilities and bits of information. The nonlocal strictly proper scoring rules, on the other hand, lack meaningful direct interpretation for decision support. The logarithmic score is also shown to be invariant under smooth transformation of the forecast variable, while the nonlocal strictly proper scoring rules considered may, however, change their preferences due to the transformation. It is therefore suggested that the logarithmic score always be included in the evaluation of probabilistic forecasts.
Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination
Authors: Tracz Michal , Bialek Wojciech
Published: January 2021

Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis, ubiquitination is now regarded as essential for many other cellular processes. This results from the unique features of ubiquitin (Ub) and its ability to form various homo- and heterotypic linkage types involving one of the seven different lysine residues or the free amino group located at its N-terminus. While K48- and K63-linked chains are broadly covered in the literature, the other types of chains assembled through K6, K11, K27, K29, and K33 residues deserve equal attention in the light of the latest discoveries. Here, we provide a concise summary of recent advances in the field of these poorly understood Ub linkages and their possible roles in vivo.
Predictors of mothers’ postpartum body dissatisfaction based on demographic and fertility factors
Authors: Tavakoli Mehrri , Hasanpoor-Azghady Seyedeh Batool , Farahani Leila Amiri
Published: January 2021

Background

There are fundamental and rapid changes in body shape during pregnancy, some of which persist for an extended time after delivery and may cause dissatisfaction with body shape. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine predictors of body dissatisfaction at six months postpartum based on demographic and fertility factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 women who referred to seven health centers affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The sampling was multistage and we collected data from a demographic and fertility questionnaire and Cooper’s Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34). The independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

The mean age of participating women was 29.77 (standard deviation: 5.9) years. Body dissatisfaction had a statistically significant association with variables such as body mass index (BMI) at six months postpartum, gestational age, the receipt of information about body shape, spouse’s views on the shape of a woman’s body, and mode of delivery. These variables predicted 34% of body dissatisfaction based on multiple linear regression.

Conclusion

Postpartum body dissatisfaction is related to a several variables. Paying attention to these variables will help to plan and improve postpartum counseling and educational programs.
A randomized controlled clinical trial of the effect of supportive counseling on mental health in Iranian mothers of premature infants
Authors: Seiiedi-Biarag Leila , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Hasanpour Shirin
Published: January 2021

Background

Premature birth can affect maternal mental health. Considering that the mental health disorder in mothers may play a vital role in the growth and development of their children, therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of supportive counseling on mental health (primary outcome), mother-child bonding and infant anthropometric indices (secondary outcomes) in mothers of premature infants.

Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 66 mothers with hospitalized neonates in the NICU of Alzahra hospital in Tabriz- Iran. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention (n = 34) and control (n = 32) through a block randomization method. The intervention group received 6 sessions of supportive counseling (45–60 minutes each session) by the researcher, and the control group received routine care. Questionnaires of Goldberg General Health and the postpartum bonding were completed before the intervention (first 72 hours postpartum) and 8 weeks postpartum. Also, the anthropometric index of newborns were measured at the same time.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. After the intervention, based on ANCOVA with adjusting the baseline score, mean score of mental health (AMD: -9.8; 95% Confident Interval (95% CI): -12.5 to -7.1; P < 0.001) and postpartum bonding (AMD: -10.0; 95% CI: -0.6 to 13.9; P < 0.001) in the counseling group was significantly lower than those of the control group; however, in terms of weight (P = 0.536), height (P = 0.429) and head circumference (P = 0.129), there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

Supportive counseling may improve mental health and postpartum bonding in mothers of premature infants. Thus, it may be recommendable for health care providers to offer it to mothers.

Trial registration

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20120718010324N45. Date of registration: October 29, 2018.
Exploring the experiences related to postpartum changes: perspectives of mothers and healthcare providers in Iran
Authors: Asadi Mahboobeh , Noroozi Mahnaz , Alavi Mousa
Published: January 2021

Background

Numerous changes occur in different aspects of women’s lives in the postpartum period. Women’s adjusting with problems and taking advantage of this opportunity can develop their personality. In this regard, accurate knowledge of their experiences and feelings is necessary to help them to benefit from this period. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the experiences related to postpartum changes in women.

Methods

In the present qualitative study, 23 participants, including women of childbearing age who gave birth and healthcare providers (midwives and obstetricians) in Isfahan, Iran were selected using purposive sampling with a maximum variation strategy. Data were collected through in-depth semi structured interviews, field notes, and daily notes, and simultaneously analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis.

Results

The data analysis results led to the extraction of three main categories including “feeling of decreased female attractiveness” (with two sub-categories of “ feeling of decreased beauty” and “feeling of decreased sexual function”), “feeling of insolvency and helplessness” (with two sub-categories of “physical burnout”, and “mental preoccupations”) and “beginning a new period in life” (with three sub-categories of “changing the meaning of life”, “feeling of maturity” and “deepening the communication”).

Conclusions

Findings of this study can provide a good context for designing interventions to improve the women’s quality of life by explaining and highlighting their experiences in the postpartum period. In this regard, providing sufficient empathy, social and psychological support from family members (especially husband), performing appropriate educational interventions and also regular assessment of women’s psychological state by healthcare providers in postpartum period can reduce their concerns and help to improve their health.
Transcriptome profiling unveils GAP43 regulates ABC transporters and EIF2 signaling in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chen Xi , Wu Hongjin , Feng Jia , Li Ying , Lv Jiao , Shi Weikai , Fan Weiwei , Xiao Li , Sun Danmeng , Jiang Mingfeng , Shi Ming
Published: January 2021

Background

The growth- and plasticity-associated protein-43 (GAP43) is biasedly expressed in indigestive system and nervous system. Recent study has shown that GAP43 is responsible for the development of neuronal growth and axonal regeneration in normal nervous tissue, while serves as a specific biomarker of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. However, its expression pattern and function in digestive system cancer remains to be clarified.

Methods

In this study, we examined the GAP43 status with qRT-PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the effect of overexpressed GAP43 in CRC cells with RNA-seq. The RNA-seq data was analyzed with DAVID and IPA.

Results

GAP43 was downregulated in CRC compared to the adjacent tissues. DNA methylase inhibitor 5-Aza-CdR treatment could significantly induce GAP43, indicated that the silencing of GAP43 gene in CRC is closely related to DNA methylation. Bisulfite genomic sequencing confirmed the promoter methylation of GAP43 in CRC. To explore the transcriptional alterations by overexpressed GAP43 in CRC, we performed RNA-seq and found that upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of ABC transporters and ECM-receptor interaction, while downregulated genes were significantly enriched in Ribosome signaling pathway. Further Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that EIF2 signaling pathway was significantly repressed by overexpression of GAP43.

Conclusion

Our findings provide a novel mechanistic insight of GAP43 in CRC. Transcriptome profiling of overexpressed GAP43 in CRC uncovered the functional roles of GAP43 in the development of human CRC.
Development and validation of nomograms to intraoperatively predict metastatic patterns in regional lymph nodes in patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer
Authors: Zhao Fei , Lu Rong-Xin , Liu Jin-Yuan , Fan Jun , Lin Hao-Ran , Yang Xiao-Yu , You Shu-Hui , Wu Qian-Ge , Qin Xue-Yun , Liu Yi , Zhen Fu-Xi , Luo Jin-Hua , Wang Wei
Published: January 2021

Background

An accurate intraoperative prediction of lymph node metastatic risk can help surgeons in choosing precise surgical procedures. We aimed to develop and validate nomograms to intraoperatively predict patterns of regional lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.

Methods

The prediction model was developed in a training cohort consisting of 487 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy with complete LN dissection from January 2016 to December 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors that were incorporated into a prediction model and used to construct a nomogram. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography reported LN status and was an important comparative factor of clinical usefulness in a validation cohort. Nomogram performance was assessed in terms of calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. An independent validation cohort comprised 206 consecutive patients from January 2017 to December 2017.

Results

Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression revealed three independent predictors of metastatic regional LNs, three independent predictors of continuous regional LNs, and two independent predictors of skipping regional LNs. Independent predictors were used to build three individualized prediction nomograms. The models showed good calibration and discrimination, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.737, 0.738, and 0.707. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort yielded good calibration and discrimination, with AUC values of 0.728, 0.668, and 0.657. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the three nomograms were clinically useful in the validation cohort.

Conclusion

This study presents three nomograms that incorporate clinicopathologic factors, which can be used to facilitate the intraoperative prediction of metastatic regional LN patterns in patients with esophageal cancer.
Enlargement rate of geographic atrophy before and after secondary CNV conversion with associated anti-VEGF treatment
Authors: Siedlecki Jakob , Koch Caroline , Schworm Benedikt , Liegl Raffael , Kreutzer Thomas , Kortuem Karsten U. , Schumann Ricarda , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Wolf Armin
Published: January 2021

Background

To study the enlargement rate of primary geographic atrophy (GA) before and after diagnosis of a secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods

Five hundred twenty-two consecutive eyes with primary GA were screened for the development of a complicating secondary CNV. Geographic atrophy was measured on blue autofluorescence (BAF) by two readers and calculated into mean growth rate before and after CNV diagnosis.

Results

Ten eyes of six patients were included in the study (six study eyes with GA complicated by CNV, four GA only partner eyes). Follow-up was 1.42 ± 0.48 years before and 3.64 ± 2.73 years after CNV. There was no significant difference between mean growth rate before and after CNV (1.58 ± 0.99 vs. 1.39 ± 0.65 mm2/year; p = 0.44) or between study and partner eyes (p = 0.86). Over a mean time of 3.64 ± 2.73 years, a mean of 8.3 ± 2.8 anti-VEGF injections were given. No correlation between the amount of anti-VEGF injections and change in growth rate could be observed (r = 0.58; p = 0.23).

Conclusion

In this pilot study, primary GA enlargement did not seem to be influenced by a secondary CNV. No association between the intensity of anti-VEGF treatment and changes in atrophy enlargement rates were found. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Risk factors for blood transfusion in adolescent patients with scoliosis undergoing scoliosis surgery: a study of 722 cases in a single center
Authors: Dong Yulei , Tang Ning , Wang Shengru , Zhang Jianguo , Zhao Hong
Published: January 2021

Background

To assess the risk factors for blood transfusion in a great number of adolescent cases with different types of scoliosis who received scoliosis surgery.

Methods

Data of patients who were diagnosed as scoliosis and received one-stage posterior correction and spinal fusion from January 2014 to December 2017 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ demographic characteristics, segments of spinal fusion, Cobb angle of the major curve,osteotomy pattern, preoperative and postoperative levels of hemoglobin, and allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) were recorded and analyzed.

Results

In this study, 722 cases with adolescent scoliosis were included, of whom 32.8% (237/722) received ABT. Risk factors included diagnosis: neurofibromatosis (OR = 5.592), syndromic (OR = 3.029),osteotomy: Ponte osteotomy (OR = 5.997), hemivertebrae resection (OR = 29.171), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO)(OR = 8.712), vertebral column resection (VCR)(OR = 32.265);fusion segments (OR = 1.224) and intraoperative blood loss (OR = 1.004). In the subgroup analysis of cases with idiopathic scoliosis, Ponte osteotomy (OR = 6.086), length of segments of spinal fusion (OR = 1.293), and intraoperative blood loss (OR = 1.001) were found as risk factors for ABT. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that length of segments of spinal fusion equal to 11.5 vertebrae was the best cutoff value for cases with idiopathic scoliosis who did not receive osteotomy in both ABT group and non-ABT group. In the subgroup analysis of congenital scoliosis, Ponte osteotomy (OR = 5.087), hemivertebra resection (OR = 5.457), PSO (OR = 4.055), VCR (OR = 6.940), and intraoperative blood loss (OR = 1.004) were risk factors for ABT.

Conclusions

Method of diagnosis, osteotomy pattern, segments of spinal fusion, and intraoperative blood loss were risk factors for ABT in cases with adolescent scoliosis. In cases with idiopathic scoliosis, Ponte osteotomy and segments of spinal fusion longer than 11.5 vertebrae were risk factors for ABT. In cases with congenital scoliosis, osteotomy pattern was the main risk factor for ABT.

Level of evidence

Level III.
The effect of low back pain and neck-shoulder stiffness on health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Kumagai Gentaro , Wada Kanichiro , Kudo Hitoshi , Tanaka Sunao , Asari Toru , Chiba Daisuke , Ota Seiya , Takeda On , Koyama Kazushige , Oyama Tetsushi , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ishibashi Yasuyuki
Published: January 2021

Background

This cross-sectional study sought to determine the neck-shoulder stiffness/low back pain (NSS/LBP) comorbidity rate in a Japanese community population and to compare the quality of life (QOL) in individuals with comorbid NSS/LBP, asymptomatic individuals, and those with symptoms of NSS or LBP alone.

Methods

The sample included 1122 subjects (426 men; 696 women) with NSS and LBP symptoms in the previous 3 months, and were grouped according to NSS, LBP, comorbid NSS and LBP symptoms (Comorbid), or no symptoms (NP). They completed the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Health QOL was evaluated by the eight domain scores and the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores after adjusting for age. The primary outcome was to examine the association between NSS/LBP, NSS, or LBP and bodily pain of the eight domains of SF-36. Secondary outcome was to compare health-related QOL among the four groups.

Results

Morbidity was 45.6% for NSS and 51.9% for LBP. Comorbidity affected 23% of men and 33% of women. Comorbid NSS/LBP, NSS, and LBP alone were independently associated with bodily pain after adjusting for potential confounders. Men who exhibited comorbidity had significantly lower MCS scores than asymptomatic men. Women who exhibited comorbidity and LBP had significantly lower MCS scores than those with no symptoms or NSS alone. Women who exhibited comorbidity had significantly lower MCS scores than those with no symptoms or LBP alone.

Conclusions

Comorbidity of the two diseases is prevalent in 23% of the men and 33% of women in the Japanese sample. Although NSS, LBP, and comorbidity were independently associated with QOL in terms of pain, QOL was worse in individuals who exhibited comorbidity than in those without symptoms or with NSS alone.
Lateral lumbar interbody fusion after reduction using the percutaneous pedicle screw system in the lateral position for Meyerding grade II spondylolisthesis: a preliminary report of a new lumbar reconstruction strategy
Authors: Takami Masanari , Taiji Ryo , Okada Motohiro , Minamide Akihito , Hashizume Hiroshi , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Background

Utilization of a cage with a large footprint in lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for the treatment of spondylolisthesis leads to a high fusion rate and neurological improvement owing to the indirect decompression effect and excellent alignment correction. However, if an interbody space is too narrow for insertion of an LLIF cage for cases of spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II or higher, LLIF cannot be used. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy, LLIF after reduction by the percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) insertion system in the lateral position (LIFARL), for surgeons to perform accurate and safe LLIF with PPS in patients with such pathology. This study aimed to introduce the new surgical strategy and to present preliminary clinical and radiological results of patients with spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II.

Methods

Six consecutive patients (four men and two women; mean age, 72.7 years-old; mean follow-up period, 15.3 months) with L4 spondylolisthesis of Meyerding grade II were included. Regarding the surgical procedure, first, PPSs were inserted into the L4 and L5 vertebrae fluoroscopically, and both rods were placed in the lateral position. The L5 set screws were fixed tightly, and the L4 side of the rod was floated. Second, the L4 vertebra was reduced by fastening the L4 set screws so that they expanded the anteroposterior width of the interbody space. At that time, the L4 set screws were not fully tightened to the rods to prevent the endplate injury. Finally, the LLIF procedure was started. After inserting the cage, a compression force was added to the PPSs, and the L4 set screws were completely fastened.

Results

The mean operative time was 183 min, and the mean blood loss was 90.8 mL. All cages were positioned properly. Visual analog scale score and Oswestry disability index improved postoperatively. Bone union was observed using computed tomography 12 months after surgery.

Conclusion

For cases with difficulty in LLIF cage insertion for Meyerding grade II spondylolisthesis due to the narrow anteroposterior width of interbody space, LIFARL is an option to achieve LLIF combined with posterior PPS accurately and safely.

Trial registration

UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000040268, Registered 29 April 2020, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045938
Vaccination strategies for measles control and elimination: time to strengthen local initiatives
Authors: Cutts F. T. , Ferrari M. J. , Krause L. K. , Tatem A. J. , Mosser J. F.
Published: January 2021

Background

Through a combination of strong routine immunization (RI), strategic supplemental immunization activities (SIA) and robust surveillance, numerous countries have been able to approach or achieve measles elimination. The fragility of these achievements has been shown, however, by the resurgence of measles since 2016. We describe trends in routine measles vaccine coverage at national and district level, SIA performance and demographic changes in the three regions with the highest measles burden.

Findings

WHO-UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage show that global coverage of the first dose of measles vaccine has stabilized at 85% from 2015 to 19. In 2000, 17 countries in the WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions had measles vaccine coverage below 50%, and although all increased coverage by 2019, at a median of 60%, it remained far below levels needed for elimination. Geospatial estimates show many low coverage districts across Africa and much of the Eastern Mediterranean and southeast Asian regions. A large proportion of children unvaccinated for MCV live in conflict-affected areas with remote rural areas and some urban areas also at risk. Countries with low RI coverage use SIAs frequently, yet the ideal timing and target age range for SIAs vary within countries, and the impact of SIAs has often been mitigated by delays or disruptions. SIAs have not been sufficient to achieve or sustain measles elimination in the countries with weakest routine systems. Demographic changes also affect measles transmission, and their variation between and within countries should be incorporated into strategic planning.

Conclusions

Rebuilding services after the COVID-19 pandemic provides a need and an opportunity to increase community engagement in planning and monitoring services. A broader suite of interventions is needed beyond SIAs. Improved methods for tracking coverage at the individual and community level are needed together with enhanced surveillance. Decision-making needs to be decentralized to develop locally-driven, sustainable strategies for measles control and elimination.
Experimental crossover study on the effects of withholding feed for 24 h on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares
Authors: Willette Jaclyn A. , Pitta Dipti , Indugu Nagaraju , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Hennessy Meagan L. , Dobbie Tamara , Southwood Louise L.
Published: January 2021

Background

An association between equine gastrointestinal disease causing colic signs and changes in faecal bacterial microbiota has been identified. The reasons for these changes and their clinical relevance has not been investigated. Withholding feed, which is an integral part of managing horses with colic, may contribute to the observed changes in the microbiota and impact interpretation of findings in horses with colic. Study objectives were, therefore, to determine the effect of withholding feed for 24 h on equine faecal bacterial microbiota in healthy mares to differentiate the effects of withholding feed from the changes potentially associated with the disease.

Results

Species richness and Shannon diversity (alpha diversity) were significantly lower at the late withheld (10–24 h post withholding feed) and early refed (2–12 h post re-feeding) time points compared to samples from fed horses (P < 0.01). Restoration of species richness and diversity began to occur at the late refed (18–24 h post re-feeding) time points. Horses having feed withheld had a distinct bacterial population compared to fed horses (beta diversity). Bacteroidetes BS11 and Firmicutes Christensenellaceae, Christensenella, and Dehalobacteriaceae were significantly increased in horses withheld from feed primarily during the late withheld and early refed time points. Bacteroidetes Marinilabiaceae and Prevotellaceae, Firmicutes Veillonellaceae, Anaerovibrio, and Bulleidia, and Proteobacteria GMD14H09 were significantly decreased in horses with feed withheld at late withheld, early refed, and late refed time periods (P < 0.01). Changes in commensal gut microbiota were not significant between groups.

Conclusions

Withholding feed has a significant effect on faecal bacterial microbiota diversity and composition particularly following at least 10 h of withholding feed and should be taken into consideration when interpreting data on the equine faecal bacterial microbiota in horses.
Isoliquiritin ameliorates depression by suppressing NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis via miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Song Wen , Tong Yue , Zhang Xia , Zhao Jianjun , Gao Xiaojuan , Yong Jingjiao , Wang Hanqing
Published: January 2021

Background

The NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which could be regulated by miRNA-27a, is a key player in the development of depression. Isoliquiritin is a phenolic flavonoid compound that has been demonstrated to suppress NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. However, it is still unknown whether isoliquiritin could confer antidepressant activity via decreasing NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by stimulating miRNA-27a. Thus, in the current study, we explored the antidepressant activity of isoliquiritin and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

Expression of miRNA-27a in depressed patients or mice was measured using qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to illustrate the link between miRNA-27a and SYK. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression models were established to investigate the antidepressant actions of isoliquiritin. Changes in miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis were also examined. The role of miRNA-27a in isoliquiritin-related antidepressant effect was further investigated by using miRNA-27a inhibitors and mimics of miRNA-27a.

Results

Our results showed the miRNA-27a expression was downregulated in the serum of depressed patients, and decreased serum and hippocampus expression of miRNA-27a were observed in rodent models of depression. SYK gene expression was significantly reduced by miRNA-27a mimic incubation. Isoliquiritin profoundly attenuated LPS or CSDS-induced depressive symptoms, as well as CSDS-induced anxiety behavior. In the hippocampus, LPS and CSDS decreased miRNA-27a mRNA expression; increased the protein levels of SYK, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3: cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N: and elevated the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, which were all restored by isoliquiritin administration. Meanwhile, isoliquiritin upregulated the hippocampal NeuN protein level, improved the survival and morphology of neurons, and decreased pyroptosis-related neuronal cell death. Moreover, isoliquiritin protected primary microglia against LPS and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) elicited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro, evidenced by declined protein levels of p-NF-κB, NLRP3; cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N; upregulated miRNA-27a mRNA expression; and decreased the mRNA and protein levels of SYK. Nevertheless, miRNA-27a inhibitors significantly reversed isoliquiritin-generated therapeutic efficacy in CSDS mice and in vitro. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of isoliquiritin was similar to that of miRNA-27a mimics in LPS and ATP-treated primary microglia.

Taken together, these findings suggest that isoliquiritin possesses potent antidepressant property, which requires miRNA-27a/SYK/NF-κB axis controlled decrease of pyroptosis via NLRP3 cascade.
Change in cognitive function according to cholinesterase inhibitor use and amyloid PET positivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Pyun Jung-Min , Ryoo Nayoung , Park Young Ho , Kim SangYun
Published: January 2021

Background

Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are an FDA-approved symptomatic treatment for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Its efficacy in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), however, is controversial. Nonetheless, ChEIs have often been used in patients with MCI. From the perspective that ChEIs were developed based on the pathomechanism of AD, the effect of ChEIs in MCI patients could be different depending on the amyloid burden. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to investigate the influence of ChEIs and amyloid burden on cognitive change for 1 year in patients with MCI.

Methods

We included 111 patients with MCI with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5, a 1-year follow-up cognitive assessment, and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) performed within 6 months before or after the baseline cognitive assessment (73 ChEI users and 38 ChEI non-users) from the Neurocognitive Behavior Center of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Additionally, those who had a positive amyloid PET scan more than 6 months before the baseline cognitive assessment and those who had a negative amyloid PET scan more than 6 months after the 1-year follow-up cognitive assessment were also included. Among the total 111 patients, 25 ChEI users and 25 ChEI non-users were matched by baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, age, educational level, CDR Sum of Boxes, and amyloid PET positivity using propensity score matching. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the influence of ChEI use and amyloid PET positivity on cognitive change for 1 year. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between ChEI use and disease progression to CDR 1 at the 1-year follow-up visit.

Results

ChEI use or non-use was not associated with cognitive change for 1 year. Amyloid PET positivity or negativity did not change this non-association. Furthermore, progression to CDR 1 was related to low baseline MMSE score (OR 0.606, CI 0.381–0.873), but not with ChEI use or non-use, and not with amyloid PET result.

Conclusion

ChEI use or non-use was not related to cognitive change at a 1-year follow-up visit in patients with or without amyloid burden. In addition, ChEI use or non-use could not predict disease progression to CDR 1 at 1-year follow-up visit.
Oscillation of nonlinear third-order difference equations with mixed neutral terms
Authors: Alzabut Jehad , Bohner Martin , Grace Said R.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, new oscillation results for nonlinear third-order difference equations with mixed neutral terms are established. Unlike previously used techniques, which often were based on Riccati transformation and involve limsup or liminf conditions for the oscillation, the main results are obtained by means of a new approach, which is based on a comparison technique. Our new results extend, simplify, and improve existing results in the literature. Two examples with specific values of parameters are offered.
Recent progress in pancreatic islet cell therapy
Authors: Sim Erinn Zixuan , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen
Published: January 2021

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising cell sources in regenerating pancreatic islets through in vitro directed differentiation. Recent progress in this research field has made it possible to generate glucose-responsive pancreatic islet cells from PSCs. Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have been applied to analyze PSC-derived endocrine beta-cells, which are then compared with human islets. This has led to the identification of novel signaling pathways and molecules involved in lineage commitment during pancreatic differentiation and maturation processes. Single-cell transcriptomics are also used to construct a detailed map of in vivo endocrine differentiation of developing mouse embryos to study pancreatic islet development. Mimicking those occurring in vivo, it was reported that differentiating PSCs can generate similar islet cell structures, while metabolomics analysis highlighted key components involved in PSC-derived pancreatic islet cell function, providing information for the improvement of in vitro pancreatic maturation procedures. In addition, cell transplantation into diabetic animal models, together with the cell delivery system, is studied to ensure the therapeutic potentials of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells. Combined with gene-editing technology, the engineered mutation-corrected PSC lines originated from diabetes patients could be differentiated into functional pancreatic islet cells, suggesting possible autologous cell therapy in the future. These PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells are a potential tool for studies of disease modeling and drug testing. Herein, we outlined the directed differentiation procedures of PSC-derived pancreatic islet cells, novel findings through transcriptome and metabolome studies, and recent progress in disease modeling.
First detection of ranavirus in a wild population of Dybowski’s brown frog (Rana dybowskii) in South Korea
Authors: Park Jaejin , Grajal-Puche Alejandro , Roh Nam-Ho , Park Il-Kook , Ra Nam-Yong , Park Daesik
Published: January 2021

Background

Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybowski’s brown frogs (Rana dybowskii), in 2017, within a mountain valley in South Korea.

Results

We confirmed the presence of ranavirus from all collected frogs (n = 22) via PCR and obtained the 500 bp major capsid protein (MCP) sequence from 13 individuals. The identified MCP sequence highly resembled Frog virus 3 (FV3) and was the same haplotype of a previously identified viral sequence collected from Huanren brown frog (R. huanrenensis) tadpoles in South Korea. Human habitat alteration, by recent erosion control works, may be partially responsible for this mass mortality event.

Conclusion

We document the first mass mortality event in a wild Korean population of R. dybowskii. We also suggest, to determine if ranavirus infection is a threat to amphibians, government officials and researchers should develop continuous, country-wide, ranavirus monitoring programs of Korean amphibian populations.
Protecting the orbital angular momentum of photonic qubits using quantum error correction
Authors: Zhu Kuntuo , Yin Liuguo , Wang Chuan , Long Guilu
Published: January 2021

Photons with orbital angular momentum provide an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Here, we study the propagation of such photons in atmospheric turbulence and obtain the Kraus operator representation for the decoherence-induced noise. We apply quantum error correction to suppress this decoherence. Specifically, we treat correction as an optimization problem in which the distance between the actual channel and the desired channel is minimized. This method provides significant channel fidelity enhancement irrespective of the turbulence strength.
Influence of CBCT-based volumetric distortion and beam hardening artefacts on the assessment of root canal filling quality in isthmus-containing molars
Authors: Rodrigues Clarissa Teles , Jacobs Reinhilde , Vasconcelos Karla Faria , Lambrechts Paul , Rubira-Bullen Izabel Regina Fisher , Gaêta-Araujo Hugo , Oliveira-Santos Christiano , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate the influence of artefacts in cone beam CT (CBCT) images of filled root canals in isthmus-containing molars.

Methods:

10 teeth presenting canals with an isthmus were instrumented and filled with a thermoplasticised obturation technique. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT device and two CBCT devices: 3D Accuitomo 170 (ACC) and NewTom VGi evo (NT), with different acquisition protocols: larger and smaller voxel size. Three examiners assessed the CBCT images for: (1) detection of filling voids; (2) assessment of under- or overestimation of the filling material and (3) resemblance of CBCT images to the reference standard. Analyses of Task 1 yielded accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detection of filling voids. For tasks 2 and 3, statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test. The level of significance was set at p < .05.

Results:

For Task 1, ACC showed higher sensitivity, whereas NT presented higher specificity. No significant difference was found between the protocols in ACC, however, for NT, differences between protocols were significant for all diagnostic values. In Task 2, visualisation of the filling was overestimated for NT, while for ACC, underestimation was observed. For Task 3, images with smaller voxel size were more similar to the reference image, for both CBCT devices.

Conclusions:

Different artefacts compromise the detection of filling voids on CBCT images of canals in mandibular molars with isthmus. ACC and NT present rather similar diagnostic accuracy, even though artefact expression remains device-specific.
The influence of natural mineral water on the structural and functional changes
in the rat kidneys under urolithiasis modelling
Authors: KUCHERENKO Mykola , NASIBULLIN Boris , BOBRO Elena , BADIUK Nataliia , GLUSHCHENKO Victoria , KHOLODNITSKIY Igor , OSLAVSKAYA Tatyana
Published: January 2021

In the experiment on the white Wistar rats, the authors evaluated kidneys changes in urolithiasis modelling (Kidney stone disease, KSD) and the possibility of correcting these changes by internal use of the mineral water (MW) with high organic matter content. The results of the studies revealed structural pathological changes in the kidneys in the form of changes of the part of glomeruli capillaries and gross changes in the kidneys tubules and interstitial layers. At the same time, the functional kidneys activity is manifested in the form of increased urination and a significant increase in urination. Urine metabolic characteristics are also change. The use of MW leads to an improvement in the capillaries of the renal corpuscles structure and almost complete restoration of the tubules structure. The functional activity of the kidneys and the quality of urine have significantly improving. The authors believe that the organic compounds of MW, which mainly determine its biological activity, contribute to the improvement of the regulation of metabolic processes and, accordingly, have a positive effect on the structural and functional parameters of the kidneys..

Keywords: urolithiasis, structural and functional characteristics of the kidneys, mineral water,
The effectiveness of ergo- and psychotherapy in the process of sanatorium-resort treatment of spinal patients
Authors: Mikhaylenko Vladimir , Fedorchenko Ruslana , Komissarova Olha , Plakida Alexander
Published: January 2021

The aim is to explore the possibilities of improving motor and sensitive disorders to ensure the highest possible social adaptation - the expansion of self-service skills, opportunities for affordable employment, or the restoration of professional activity flax. Methods: To study the possibilities of improving the social reintegration of patients during rehabilitation in a mud resort, we observed 240 patients who had an injury to the cervical spine 24 years. Disease duration ranged before 3 years, 4-7 years, more 7 years. We studied the occupational therapy method and group psychotherapy method. All patients were divided into three representative groups: 91 patients (group 1) received a course of balneoplasty therapy in the form of mud applications on the spine and lower limbs at a temperature 42-44 0C, exposure time 20 min, placement of procedures - every other day, for a total of 12-15 procedures per treatment; on days free of mud cure, hydrokinesitherapy was performed in a pool with warm (29-32 0С) brine water, 12-15 procedures, and also apparatus physiotherapy procedures, massage and exercise therapy. In addition to the course of balneopedotherapy, 149 patients also received ergo-therapy and psychotherapy (90 people - group 2) and only occupational therapy - 59 people (group 3). Results: Improvement of post-traumatic organic neurological disorders caused by balneo-mud therapy creates a favorable basis for conducting training activities that expand patients’ functionality. The inclusion of ergotherapy in the rehabilitation process of spinal patients in a balneo-mud resort is appropriate and justified. It allows not only to expand the functionality of patients but also to reduce the time to master the essential self-care skills and consolidate them. Conclusion: The inclusion of psychotherapy in the complex of occupational therapy is desirable. It allows you to influence the psycho-emotional state of the patient and improve the effectiveness of training activities, especially in male patients. Changing the hospital and closed home atmosphere to the conditions of the resort, the possibility of broad communication, participation in various social events significantly change the psycho-emotional state of patients, increasing their activity, causing an increase in the setting for inclusion inactive life.. Keywords: ergotherapy, psychotherapy, spinal injuries, activity and participation, rehabilitation, social adaptation,
Prophylactic/therapeutic rehabilitation modalities in vertebral balance disorders in children aged 10-12
Authors: VIZITIU Elena , CONSTANTINESCU Mihai , SILIȘTEANU Sînziana Călina
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Vertebral balance disorders are a health issue for children in general, with long-term consequences. Having in view that the number of new cases with this condition has increased, it is necessary to introduce health programs and it is useful to make a screening for vertebral balance disorders by age groups (prepubertal, pubertal, adolescent). The objective of the study was to evaluate the functional status of the child aged 10-12 and the elaboration of the prophylaxis/ treatment program. The purpose was to draw the attention to the prevalence of vertebral balance disorders in youth, with possible consequences in adulthood. Material and method. The study was conducted for a period of 1 year and included a number of 86 children. After the clinical, anthropometric, somatoscopic evaluation, the recovery plan was elaborated, but also the prophylaxis plan was elaborated for certain cases. The purpose was to create the correct posture reflex, the toning of the paravertebral and abdominal muscles, the increase in the mobility of the joints and the fight against obesity. The kinetic program took place 3 times/ week, with a duration of 30 minutes/ session. Also, the children attended a weekly therapeutic swimming session. Results. It was found in the study group that over 51% were girls, approximately 30.23% of the children were diagnosed with scoliotic attitude, 44.19% with kyphotic attitude and approximately 25.58% had a normal postural attitude. Conclusions. After the use of the physiotherapy program (on the land and in the water), it was found that the general alignment, the concentration capacity and the adaptation to the school activities improved. The existence of a multidisciplinary team to ensure the recovery program is an effective method to obtain beneficial results for health in this age group.

Keywords: vertebral disordes, postural attitude, prophylactic therapeutic modalities, kinetic program,