bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Criminal Justice System in Environmental Crime by Corporations
Authors: Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani I , Torodji Rais , . Hartiwiningsih
Published: January 2024

Environmental law has advanced quickly, not only in relation to the role of law as a means of development (a tool of social engineering) with the function of an agent of development or agent of change, but also more prominently about the function of law as protection, control, and legal certainty for society (social control) with the role of agent of stability. This legal research is normative legal research with a focus on positive legal norms (ius constitutum), that is, it focuses more on the application of positive legal norms and principles using a statutory approach (statutes approach), which is pertinent to the study of how legal issues are formulated in this legal research. Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation’s environmental cluster setting, particularly the elimination of criminal penalties, is extremely inappropriate. Due to the repeal of criminal penalties in Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation, administrative sanctions are not subject to stringent regulation. Legislation that prioritizes environmental and health issues and establishes a legal framework for the environment is required. This legislation should be written utilizing the omnibus process once more.
Keywords: criminal system reconstruction, environmental law, Law Number 11 of 2020
Development Of National Legal Political Strategy In Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Amalia Chrisna , Permata Sari Diah Ayu , Husain Hamzir , Al Ghiffari Salman
Published: January 2024

In the development of the political situation entering the era of the third millennium, in various countries, it turned out that they were leaving political autocracies that were more dynamic toward legal reform, including Indonesia, which had implications for amendments to the 1945 Constitution. The study aimed to analyze the problem, how to correlate legal reform with the development of national legal politics in Indonesia. The study method used was descriptive analysis approach. The discussion of these problems that correlate legal reform in the development of national legal politics in Indonesia, in essence, has a philosophical content to achieve legal goals within the framework of realizing the goals of the Indonesian state, namely achieving a just and prosperous society. It can be concluded that the development of national legal politics is one of the important areas of development, which also requires intensive attention and handling like other development fields. In the transitional era of the New Order era to the Reformation era, national law reforms provided accommodation to resolve various problems. The political development of the national law seems rather difficult to implement so that in some ways the politics of national law development seems to be somewhat sloganistic.
Keywords: development of national, legal political, Indonesia
New National Capital City (IKN) in Legal Polemic
Authors: Permatasari Diah Ayu , . Supriadi
Published: January 2024

The urgency of moving the national capital is a necessity that has been present since the beginning of the Indonesian Government. Problems occurs when the Indonesia development focusing on Jakarta as capital city. The process of moving the National Capital City (IKN) is going through a stage of development that has begun since the last few years, the rapid construction of this IKN must have the legal basis needed in the certainty of the process of moving this capital city. Legal certainty is an urgency for the initial steps and certainty from investors related to funding and the process. The purposes of this study is to analyse the problems in IKN from legal polemic. As an foundation of the development of IKN, the problem of IKN can be a prominent step to resolve the sustainability of the New Capital City of Indonesia. The method of this study using the normative yudical which using literature materials or mere secondary data. The transfer of IKN is a process in accelerating the Indonesian economy more evenly, the legal basis for the formation of the new capital city is very important in the foundation of development and investment guarantees. The making process, principles, the fast time, academic manuscripts, articles that do not reflect the environment and customs, economic alignment, benefits for the Indonesian community and community participation, even criticism on social media are the critism of this law. Through the UU IKN no 3 2022, it has contained, vision, mission and basic principles, performance indicators and passed the regulation, UU no 3 about IKN is the foundation for a moving, until the whole national capital really moves and becomes a step for equitable distribution of the Indonesian economy.
Keywords: New Capital City, Capital City, Legal Polemic, IKN
How Should Legislation Be Made During the Digital Age? Indonesian Outlook
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: January 2024

This article tries to explain how legislation should be made in the digital era. Because digitalization is something that cannot be rejected or avoided. Therefore, the dynamics of the digital era must also be responded to by law, especially in the study of legislation. Using normative research methods, this article found several important things, including 1) Indonesia does not yet have many legislative products regarding the digital era, there are only a few, for example, the IET Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the like. 2) Indonesia needs to respond to developments in the digital era by issuing special regulations, for example, the Metaverse Bill, the Digital Money Bill, AI Bill, and the like. 3) The method for establishing legislation in the digital era must also adapt to the times. So, it does not rule out the possibility that in the digital era, there is a known method for establishing statutory regulations other than the existing conventional methods, such as RIA or omnibus law.
Keywords: legislation, digital age, Indonesia
Regulatory Arrangements and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Realizing Personal Data Protection in Indonesia
Authors: Putri Adytia Nur Amalina , Arief Sofyan , Astesa Duflitama
Published: January 2024

Indonesia has several legal instruments for personal data protection that are scattered and only adapt to the main contents of each law, so the legal protection provided is still not optimal. This study aims to examine the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool to protect personal data and to examine the urgency of a special regulation in Indonesia to protect personal data. This research method employs both a statutory and a comparative legal approach. The research indicates that it is imperative for the Indonesian government to establish and ratify a dedicated legal framework for safeguarding personal data without delay. Furthermore, leveraging the potential of AI presents a promising opportunity to maximize the protection of personal data.. The use of AI in personal data protection will minimize the occurrence of human errors so that personal data protection can be more secure.
Keywords: personal data, artificial intelligence, protection, urgency
Enhancing the Statutory Roles of the Shariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia through Technological Advancement: A Way Forward
Authors: Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif Mohd , Markom Ruzian , Adenan Faezy , Saifuddin Suhaizad
Published: January 2024

The Central Bank Act of 2009 established the Shariah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia as the exclusive and highest authority responsible for issuing resolutions on Shariah matters pertaining to Islamic finance. An in-depth analysis of the Shariah Advisory Council’s legal standing is provided in this article. The Shariah Advisory Council’s legal obligations will also be clarified. To determine where the Shariah Advisory Council fits within the context of Malaysian law, quantitative analysis of content is employed with reference to parliamentary acts, directives, as well as judicial rulings through court cases. The investigation discovered that the use of digital technologies can strengthen the Shariah Advisory Council’s mandated duties. As a result, it is suggested that internal policies and processes, plans for empowering Shariah resolutions, and public reference bodies be established.
Keywords: Islamic finance, Shariah advisory council, Shariah authority
Social Reintegration of Victims of Human Trafficking in Indonesia
Authors: . Cholidah , Astesa Duflitama , Nisa Intan Khoirun
Published: January 2024

Victims of trafficking in persons are understood as Victims of crime are persons who have suffered personal or collective harm, including physical or mental injury, mental suffering, financial loss, or substantial damage to their basic rights, as a result of acts or omissions that violate applicable criminal laws and laws. That prevents criminal abuse of power. Victims of human rights crimes, namely the right to obtain restitution, medical rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, social reintegration, and refoulment. This study uses normative legal research methods with a research approach, namely the statutory approach and the legal concept analysis approach. As well as the data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive analysis technique. the result of the social reintegration of victims of trafficking in persons as a process of reuniting victims with their families or communities includes physical, psychological and rehabilitation protection and ensures that the reintegration process of applicable social norms can be understood by victims who wish to return to their hometowns. In the Indonesian context, especially the Social Service in Malang, victims must also ensure that they have identity cards, family cards, and other supporting data as tools for identification and a complete assessment of human trafficking victims. However, considering that human trafficking victims are vulnerable, especially in population data and administration, other identification options are needed to make integrating human trafficking victims easier.
Keywords: Social Reintegration; Victims; Human Trafficking; Indonesia.
Alternatif Dispute Resolution to Reduce Costs, Energy, And Time Issued by DJP Taxpayer or Dispute Settlement in Taxation
Authors: Ghifari Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The tax revenue target which entailed by the Directorate General of Taxation (DJP) every year is always increasing. However, in the last 5 years tax revenues are not always achieved. One solution is to increase tax revenues by way of aggressive action against the taxpayer , which measures the tax collection by the law is carried out both persuasive and repressive. Tax collection action occurred because his existing differences in interpretation between the DJP as the agency authorized to issue Tax Assessment Letter (SKP) with taxpayer, as an individual or entity that receives SKP. If this happens, taxpayer can make legal effort to appeal to the tax court related to decisions made by the DJP. Taxpayer objection filed by the above decree issued by the DJP SKP is called the tax dispute. If the action taken by the DJP is very aggressive in terms of collecting tax revenue, it is thus a tax dispute that occurred in Indonesia will increase. Increasing cases of tax disputes would be costly, time, and effort both issued by the DJP or by taxpayer. One of the alternative solutions that may be made by both parties to get a Win-win Solution is to Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Keywords: Tax; Tax Dispute; Alternative Dispute Resolution
Juridical Analysis: Digital Identity of Children from Stelse International Mixed Marriages
Authors: Septia Nugraha Dirga , Hermiati Nurmilan Siti
Published: January 2024

The importance of having self-identity by every individual is a necessity, including the identity of a newborn child. Identity is the right of every citizen, and the state has an obligation to carry out services, procurement, and spending as part of the legitimacy and legality of identity owned by each citizen. Developments in technology, modernization, and globalization, as well as the era of digitalization, can encourage and assist the process of having a digital self-identity of children from birth. This will be very influential in reducing acts of exploitation, such as trafficking, violence, exile, neglect, and other criminal acts. Therefore, the researcher takes a legal analysis approach to all applicable regulations in Indonesia related to access policies, and processes to disclosure of children’s identities. The results of the analysis carried out included, among other things, the enforcement of the provisions of the 1945 Constitution Article 28, Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship, Law Number 23 of 2006 Population Administration, and Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning the ratification of Child Protection can become a legal umbrella for child ownership. In addition, the identity ownership of children from mixed marriages will be influenced by the validity of the marriage of their parents or the application for legalization through consanguine marriage in accordance with Law No. 1 of 1974. The process of owning a child’s digital identity will involve 3 institutions and or related agencies, including hospitals or maternity clinics as agencies that issue birth certificates, the Ministry of Religion as an institution that issues legal marriage certificates, and the Ministry of Home Affairs that issues valid personal identities in the form of temporary E-KTP and immigration passports.
Keywords: digital identity, birth certificate, mixed marriage
Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV): Implementing Artificial Intelligent (AI) on Designing Rooftile Photovoltaic
Authors: Syahyadi Rizal , Safitri Nelly , Widia Riza , Safriadi  , Azwar
Published: January 2024

The monocrystalline photovoltaic (PV) is integrating into the natural clay used to fabric the terracotta rooftile. The enlargement of the rooftile's dimension increased the power output of the PVs. This paper describes briefly the technology of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) development and integration to buildings and houses, especially by using artificial intelligent (AI) while composing and designing the terracotta rooftile PV. The examination of property’s parameter namely dimensions of the terracotta rooftile PVs on top of the house, the voltage, current, power, and efficiency of the PVs themselves were also considered. As the examination run, we also compare the results to the convenient mounted rooftop PV. The results showed that the output power of the PV reached its maximum power as the dimension of the terracotta rooftile PVs enlarge to fully cover the roof.
Seasonal Dynamics of Phytoplankton in Integrated Paddy-cum-Fish Culture
Authors: Dorothy M.S. , Felix N. , Bhattacharjya B.K. , Ahilan B. , Uma A. , Chidambaram P.
Published: January 2024

Background: An experimental study was conducted during June-November 2020 at Tungjoy village of Manipur, India, to assess the assemblage pattern, abundance and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in simultaneously integrated paddy-cum-fish culture (IPFC). Methods: The experimental IPFC fields were prepared by enhancing width and height of dykes and constructing central refuge pond. Rice saplings were manually transplanted into the prepared fields in June 2020 while the common carp fingerlings were introduced 30 days after rice-transplantation. Both rice and fish were harvested in November 2020. Assemblage pattern, abundance and dynamics of phytoplankton, soil nutrients and water quality were analysed for three seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon and winter) in paddy fields without fish (PF) compared with IPFC fields. Relevant fish growth parameters were analysed on monthly basis. Result: The study recorded 37 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 25 families and 18 orders falling under class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Bacillariophyceae was the most diverse class. Phytoplankton density ranges from 14.00±1.57 × 103 to 33.25±3.60 × 103 µL-1 and 9.05±2.27 × 103 to 33.06±3.45 × 103 µL-1 in PF and IPFC, respectively, wherein Chlorophyceae dominated during monsoon and post-monsoon. Phytoplankton in IPFC was lower than PF, indicating effective utilisation by the reared fish. Fish production from IPFC fields was 326 kg ha-1 with 83% survival rate while rice production was enhanced by 7.4% as compared to rice monoculture.
Dampak Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) Terhadap Pemustaka Dalam Mencari Informasi di UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah
Authors: Prasetio Ardi , Winanda Tri
Published: January 2024

Perpustakaan merupakan suatu unit organisasi yang bertujuan untuk menghimpun, menyimpan, mengelola, dan merapihkan koleksi bahan pustaka secara terstruktur agar dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengguna sebagai sumber informasi dan juga sebagai fasilitas pembelajaran yang menyenangkan. Pemustaka yang sering menggunakan kecerdesan buatan akan menjadikan pemustaka tersebut ketergantungan namun kecerdesan buatan juga dapat membantu mereka mempermudah dalam mencari informasi yang mereka inginkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian literatur dengan mencari bahan-bahan dari segi literatur baik melalui jurnal, buku dan majalah dengan mencari di internet dan memanfaatkan kecerdasan bautan yang ada di perpustakaan UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari kebenaran terhadap dampak adanya kecerdasan buatan baik di perpuskaan maupun di manapun mereka mencari informasi. Dengan begitu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tahu sejauhmana dampak kecerdasan buatan bagi para pemustaka yang ada di perpustakaan UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. Penggunaan kecerdasan buatan banyak membantu para pemustaka dalam mencari informasi di perpustakaan, efisiensi waktu dalam mencari apa yang mereka inginkan menjadi faktor utama dalam menggunakan kecerdasan buatan di perpustakaan. Relevansi informasi yang diberikan oleh sebuah kecerdasan buatan menjadi sebuah keinginan tersendiri bagi para pemustaka dalam mencari informasi dan adanya kemajuan teknologi dalam perkembangan sekarang ini menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi perpustakaan dalam memperpmudah pustakawan dalam mencari informasi diperpustakaan.
Species Diversity of Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Caelifera) at the Rehabilitation Zone of the Bonangan Block, Wonoasri Resort, Meru Betiri National Park
Authors: Setiawan Rendy , Siddiq Arif Mohammad , Ananda Mia Bella Dwy
Published: January 2024

Grasshoppers (Caelifera) are herbivorous insects that act as first consumers in the food chain. Grasshoppers can detect the presence or absence of plants as a source of food and a place to live, as well as being an indicator of environmental recovery. This study aims to determine the diversity of grasshopper species in the rehabilitation zone of Bonangan Block, Resort Wonoasri Meru Betiri National Park. The sampling method used a structured roaming technique. The results obtained nine types of grasshoppers covering seven genera with a total of 228 individuals. The diversity index value obtained is 1.86. The conclusion of this study was that the composition of grasshoppers included nine types of grasshoppers found, namely Oxya sp., Catantops sp., Trilophidia sp. (1), Trilophidia sp. (2), Schistocerca sp., Acrida sp., Phlaeoba sp., Atractomorpha sp. (1) and Atractomorpha sp. (2). The value of the diversity index of grasshoppers is in the medium category with the diversity index value of 1.86.
Quantitative Characteristics of Crossing Bali Cows with Different Strain of Bulls in Waelata District Buru Regency
Authors: Umaternate Shahrun M. , Rajab Rajab , Papilaya Bercomien J.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the quantitative characteristics of the crossbreed Bali cattle with several male breeds such as the Ongole, Limousine, and Simmental breeds. The method used in this research is the observation method in the form of direct observation in the field and measurement of cattle. A total of 30 adult cattle aged 1.5-2 years, consisting of 10 heads each (5 males and 5 females) crosses through Artificial Insemination (AI) of Bali cattle using frozen semen of Ongole breed bulls (POBAL), Limousin (LIMBAL) and Simmental (SIMBAL). The results showed that POBAL cattle had an average body length of 114.4-116.0 cm, chest circumference 179.4-220.0 cm, shoulder height 126.2-143.8 cm, and body weight 407.15-586.84 kg . LIMBAL cattle have an average body length ranging from 129.4-151.2 cm, chest circumference 170.4-191.8 cm, shoulder height 123.0-151.6 cm, and body weight 370.184-457.122 kg. While the average body length for SIMBAL cattle ranges from 159.8-180.0 cm, chest circumference 166.6-219.8 cm, shoulder height 125.8-154.1 cm, and body weight 356.662-584.678 kg.
Long-term efficacy and safety of cardiac genome editing for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Moore Oliver M. , Aguilar-Sanchez Yuriana , Lahiri Satadru K. , Hulsurkar Mohit M. , Navarro-Garcia J. Alberto , Word Tarah A. , Keefe Joshua A. , Barazi Dean , Munivez Elda M. , Moore Charles T. , Parthasarathy Vaidya , Davidson Jaysón , Lagor William R. , Park So Hyun , Bao Gang , Miyake Christina Y. , Wehrens Xander H. T.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Heterozygous autosomal-dominant single nucleotide variants in RYR2 account for 60% of cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited arrhythmia disorder associated with high mortality rates. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a promising therapeutic approach that can permanently cure the disease by removing the mutant RYR2 allele. However, the safety and long-term efficacy of this strategy have not been established in a relevant disease model.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess whether adeno-associated virus type-9 (AAV9)-mediated somatic genome editing could prevent ventricular arrhythmias by removal of the mutant allele in mice that are heterozygous for Ryr2 variant p.Arg176Gln (R176Q/+).

Methods and Results: Guide RNA and SaCas9 were delivered using AAV9 vectors injected subcutaneously in 10-day -old mice. At 6 weeks after injection, R176Q/+ mice had a 100% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias compared to controls. When aged to 12 months, injected R176Q/+ mice maintained a 100% reduction in arrhythmia induction. Deep RNA sequencing revealed the formation of insertions/deletions at the target site with minimal off-target editing on the wild-type allele. Consequently, CRISPR/SaCas9 editing resulted in a 45% reduction of total Ryr2 mRNA and a 38% reduction in RyR2 protein. Genome editing was well tolerated based on serial echocardiography, revealing unaltered cardiac function and structure up to 12 months after AAV9 injection.

Conclusion: Taken together, AAV9-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing could efficiently disrupt the mutant Ryr2 allele, preventing lethal arrhythmias while preserving normal cardiac function in the R176Q/+ mouse model of CPVT.
A review: flexible devices for nerve stimulation
Authors: Liu Ze-Qing , Yu Xiang-Yang , Huang Jing , Wu Xin-Yi , Wang Zi-Yu , Zhu Ben-Peng
Published: January 2024

Nerve stimulation technology utilizing electricity, magnetism, light, and ultrasound has found extensive applications in biotechnology and medical fields. Neurostimulation devices serve as the crucial interface between biological tissue and the external environment, posing a bottleneck in the advancement of neurostimulation technology. Ensuring safety and stability is essential for their future applications. Traditional rigid devices often elicit significant immune responses due to the mechanical mismatch between their materials and biological tissues. Consequently, there is a growing demand for flexible nerve stimulation devices that offer enhanced treatment efficacy while minimizing irritation to the human body. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the historical development and recent advancements in flexible devices utilizing four neurostimulation techniques: electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation, optic stimulation, and ultrasonic stimulation. It highlights their potential for high biocompatibility, low power consumption, wireless operation, and superior stability. The aim is to offer valuable insights and guidance for the future development and application of flexible neurostimulation devices.
Mapping and Analyzing High School Physics Misconceptions: Novel Insights from a 20-Year Bibliometric Study (2002-2022)
Authors: Damarsha Adrian Bagas , Safitri Afaurina Indriana , Nisa' Khoirun , Rizki Iqbal Ainur , Suprapto Nadi , Harnawan Ade Agung
Published: January 2024

The primary objective of this study is to comprehensively explore, identify, and visually represent the research landscape related to physics misconceptions over the past two decades. This encompasses research trends, authorship patterns, the most prolific institutions, countries of origin, profiles of top-cited articles, and key themes through favorable keywords. It can be known which physics materials are often studied in terms of misconceptions and efforts to identify them. To fulfill this objective, a meticulous bibliometric analysis was conducted on a dataset comprising 61 meticulously selected documents, screened using specific search queries. Data were extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer software.  The analysis results show that the research trend of physics misconceptions has increased in recent years. Information on authors, institutions, subject areas, countries, and most influential documents was also analyzed in the study, along with the number of citations and article production. Of paramount significance (17 clusters and 297 items) is the revelation that research in the realm of physics misconceptions gravitates towards understanding the role of technology-mediated learning, brain processes, individual student characteristics, and assessment techniques can all contribute to a better understanding of misconceptions and how they can be effectively addressed in educational settings. In essence, the implications of this research extend beyond the realm of physics education, touching on teaching methodologies, curriculum design, educational policies, and the broader advancement of scientific literacy in Indonesia.
Finding an Unique and “Natural” Extension of the Expected Value That Is Finite for All Functions in Non-Shy Subset of the Set of All Measurable Functions
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: January 2024

Suppose for n∈ ℕ, set A⊆ℝⁿ and function f∶A→ℝⁿ. If set A is Borel; we want to find an unique and “natural” extension of the expected value, w.r.t the Hausdorff measure on bounded functions to unbounded/bounded f, that's finite for all f in a non-shy subset of B*---the set of all Borel measurable functions in ℝᴬ. The issue is current extensions of the expected value are finite for all functions in only a shy subset of B*. The reason this issue wasn't resolved is mathematicians have not thought of the problem, focusing on application rather than generalization. Despite the lack of potential use, we'll attempt to solve the problem by defining a choice function---this shall choose a unique set of equivalent sequences of sets (Fₖ***) , where the set-theoretic limit of Fₖ*** is the graph of f; the measure Hʰ is the ℎ-Hausdorff measure, such for each k∈ℕ, 0 < Hʰ(Fₖ***) < +∞; and (fₖ*) is a sequence of functions where {(x₁,...,xₙ,fₖ*(x₁,...,xₙ))∶x∈ dom(Fₖ***)}=Fₖ***. Thus, if (Fₖ***) converges to A at a rate linear or super-linear to the rate non-equivelant sequences of sets converge, the extended expected value of or E**[f,Fₖ***] is: ∀(ε>0)∃(N∈ℕ)∀(k∈N)(k≥N⇒1/Hʰ(dom(Fₖ***))∫dom(Fₖ*** )fₖ* dHʰ - E**[f,Fₖ***]<ε ) which should be unique and “natural” extension for all f in a non-shy subset of B*. Note we guessed the choice function using computer programming but we don’t use mathematical proofs due to the lack of expertise in the subject matter. Despite this, the biggest use of this research is the extension of the expected value is finite for "almost all" functions: this is easier to use in application when finding the "average" of functions covering an infinite expanse of space.
Novel Antineoplastic Inducers of Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Kesel Andreas J.
Published: January 2024

I propose a new strategy to suppress human cancer completely with two entirely new drug compounds exploiting cancer's Warburg effect characterized by a defective mitochondrial aerobic respiration, substituted for by cytosolic aerobic fermentation/glycolysis of D-(+)-glucose into L-(+)-lactic acid. The two essentially new drugs compound 1 [P(op)T(est)162] and compound 3 (PT167) represent new highly symmetric, four-bladed propeller-shaped polyammonium cations. The in vitro antineoplastic highly efficacious drug compound 3 represents a covalent combination of compound 1 and compound 2 (PT166). The intermediate drug compound 2 is an entirely new colchic(in)oid derivative synthesized from colchicine. Compound 2's structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 and compound 3 were active in vitro versus 60 human cancer cell lines of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) 60-cancer cell testing. Compound 1 and compound 3 both not only stop the growth of cancer cells to ±0% (cancerostatic effect), but completely kill nearly all 60 cancer cells to a level of almost −100% (tumoricidal effect). Compound 1 and compound 3 induce mitochondrial apoptosis (under cytochrome c release) in all cancer cells tested by (re)activating (in most cancers impaired) p53 function which results in a decrease of cancer's dysregulated cyclin D1 and an induction of the cell cycle-halting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/p21Cip1.
Modeling the Differential Effect of Prescribed Fire on Multi-Vector Tick-Borne Tularamia Disease
Authors: Agusto Folashade B. , Atsu Joshua , Kwarteng-Adjei Dorothy , Lamptey-Mills Daniel , Osei Samuel A.
Published: January 2024

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by {\it Francisella tularensis} bacteria, a gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium. There are multiple transmission routes of the infection to humans such as consumption of contaminated food or water, handling of infected animals or bites from {\it haematophagous} arthropods (such as ticks, deer flies, or mosquitoes). In this study we focus on transmission via the bites of ticks and developed a deterministic model of ordinary and impulsive differential equations to gain insight in the differential effect of prescribed fire on {\it Demacenta variablis} and {\it Amblyomma americanum} ticks and the prevalence of tularemina. We found that prescribed fire differentially reduce the number of the two ticks with {\it A. americanum} reduced the least compare to {\it D. variablis} subsequently leading to differential increase of tularemia new infected cases in humans and rodents. Our result further indicates that the spatial arrangement of burn against unburn areas may not matter as either arrangement led to fewer ticks and reduction in tularemia transmission when prescribed fire was implemented. The results of this study provide important new understandings of the intricate effect of prescribed fire on tick species, and the dynamics of the tick-borne disease, tularemia disease in this study.
Southern Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Distribution Patterns Based on Fine Scale Resolution Data
Authors: Mendes Hugo , Silva Cristina , Azevedo Manuela
Published: January 2024

In this study, the distribution patterns of southern horse mackerel are examined using commercial fine-scale resolution data. Using landings by size category and VMS data from the Portuguese commercial bottom trawl fishery, which consistently targets horse mackerel, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of horse mackerel age distributions spanning a decade (2010-2020). Importantly, the study addresses potential biases in commercial effort data and establishes the usefulness of commercial bottom-trawl gear as a suitable method for sampling and evaluate southern horse mackerel stock dynamics. Ordered regression models were applied to allow for the modelling of the distribution of multiple age categories and investigate spatio-temporal migrations off the Portuguese coast. Southern horse mackerel shows a widespread age distribution range and stable abundance with indications of seasonal and spatial patterns in the distribution of specific age groups. The insights derived from this research contribute valuable knowledge for understanding the dynamics and distribution patterns of fish populations.
Tobacco Smoking as an EDC in Aging
Authors: Lee Ho-Sun , Na Hyun-Kyung , Chang Seong-Sil , Kim Soo-Young , Kim Chang Seong , Song Yoonjeong , Yang Mihi
Published: January 2024

Tobacco smoke is an environmental mixture including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and may interfere in endocrine system as an EDC in aging. Thus, we performed a molecular epidemiological approach with in-depth biological monitoring of combustible cigarette smoking among adolescents and adults in South Korea (N=620) with exposure biomarkers, i.e., exhaled CO, urinary cotinine, t,t-muconic acid (TTMA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and obtained information of their lifestyle and tobacco addiction status. We also diagnosed the genetic polymorphisms on the 96 SNPs for tobacco-metabolism, -addiction, and expression differences and compared mtDNA abnormalities in buccal and blood cells. As results, there were positive associations among the above tobacco exposure biomarkers. Man or youth smokers showed high frequency in some of mtDNA alteration, such as ‘SNPs for inconsistent bases between buccal and blood cells’. Among the SNPs, the polymorphisms on SULT1A1, DRD2, and ADH1B were related to multi-exposure biomarkers. Interestingly, youth showed similar levels of urinary TTMA and MDA to adults, although their pack-year was approx. 1/6 volume of that of adults. We also observed the negative association between urinary MDA levels and the growth rate in the adolescents (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present biological monitoring provides high susceptible population, i.e., adolescents rather than adults, and reliable genetic factors affecting tobacco exposure. The inferred environment-gene-gene interaction suggests tobacco smoking accelerats aging in adolescents as an EDC.
Spontaneous Pathology of Endangered Geriatric Julia Creek Dunnarts (Sminthopsis douglasi, Archer 1979) with Emphasis in Reproductive Pathology
Authors: Gonzalez-Astudillo Viviana , Schaffer-White Andrea , Noble Lawrence , O'Hara Patricia , Murray Peter , Barnes Tamsin S. , Allavena Rachel
Published: January 2024

Julia Creek dunnarts are an endangered species of carnivorous marsupials and the focus of multiple conservation strategies involving significant resources such as captive breeding programs. Despite the relevance for conservation, no study to date has focused on evaluating geriatric diseases in dunnarts. This study describes the pathology findings in a group of 36 captive-born, mostly geriatric Julia Creek dunnarts that failed to produce offspring over multiple breeding periods. A total of 20 females and 16 males were submitted for a postmortem examination, with ages ranging from 9-42 and 12-42 months for females and males, respectively. Of these, 10 had unremarkable findings. The most common condition in females was cystic endometrial hyperplasia (n=7) and cystic ovaries (n=2), typical of hormonal dysregulation profiles in senescence, particularly hyperestrogenism. Rarely, cutaneous disease represented by unidentified dermal round cell infiltrates was observed in females (n=2). Primary reproductive hormonal dysregulation was also suspected in males diagnosed with testicular degeneration, necrosis and aspermatogenesis and/or atrophy (n=3). Cutaneous round cell infiltrates, possibly compatible with epitheliotropic lymphomas were more common in males (n=3), and 2/3 affected males also had concurrent testicular degeneration or necrosis, indi-cating male sex could be a predictor for lymphoid neoplasia in aged dunnarts especially in indi-viduals with concurrent testosterone-luteinizing hormone dysregulation as it occurs in gonadec-tomized animals. The role of an underlying viral etiology is also explored. This study is the first to describe major spontaneous diseases in endangered aged Julia Creek dunnarts, providing an im-portant understanding of senescence and geriatric diseases within a conservation context.
Research on the Evaluation and Influencing Factors of China's Provincial Employment Quality Based on Principal Tensor Analysis
Authors: Pan Yingxue , Gao Xuedong , Bo Qixin , Xiaonan Gao
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to use spatiotemporal tensor data to measure the level of employment quality in China's provinces and analyzed the magnitude and direction of its influencing factors in the spatiotemporal dimension. Taked 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in China from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, the employment quality evaluation system was constructed from six dimensions of employment environment, employment status, employability, labor remuneration, social security, and labor relations. The employment quality index data was expressed as a three-order high-dimensional tensor spatio-temporal data form, and the employment quality of China's provinces was measured from the spatio-temporal perspective by using principal tensor analysis, and the visual analysis of the development and change process of employment quality was carried out. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of employment quality was carried out, and the time-space dual fixed effect model of the spatial Dubin model was selected to analyze the direction and magnitude of the influence factors of employment quality on itself and its neighboring provinces. The research showed that: (1) The overall level of employment quality in China was not high and the employment quality varies greatly among provinces, and the employment quality development gap among provinces showed a trend of widening. (2) The development of employment quality in western China was relatively fast, while the development of employment quality in central China showed insufficient stamina. (3) Sichuan Province had a strong radiation effect on the development of employment quality in neighboring provinces, and Beijing and Tianjin had a strong siphon effect on the development of employment quality in neighboring provinces. (4) The level of industrialization and informatization promoted the development of employment quality in China's provinces, while the industrial structure had a significant negative effect on the development of employment quality.
Investigation of the Storage and Stability as Well as the Dissolution Rate of Novel Ilaprazole/Xylitol Cocrystal
Authors: Nam Sihyun , Lim Changjin , Kim Yongdae , Yoon Bokyoung , Park Taewoo , Kim Woo-Sik , An Ji-Hun
Published: January 2024

Reflux esophagitis, a treatment for gastric ulcers known as Ilaprazole (Ila), is not stable during storage and handling at room temperature, requiring storage at 5 degrees celsius.
In this study, to address these issues with Ila, coformers rich in oxygen (O) and hydroxyl (OH) groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with were selected. These coformers included Xylitol (Xyl), Meglumine (Meg), Nicotinic acid (Nic), L-Aspartic acid (Asp), and L-Glutamic acid (Glu). A 1:1 physical mixture of Ila and each coformer was prepared, and the potential for cocrystal for-mation was predicted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) screening. The results indi-cated the potential for cocrystal formation in the Ila/Xyl physical mixture. Subsequently, Ila and Xyl were mixed in ethyl acetate (EA) in a 1:1 ratio, and after 28 hours of slurry, the formation of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectrum analysis, showing intermolecular hydrogen bonding and conformational changes. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of Ila/Xyl cocrystal was confirmed through solution-state NMR (1H, 13C, and 2D) molecular structure analysis. To assess the stability of Ila/Xyl cocrystal at room temperature, it was stored and com-pared with Ila at 25±2°C and relative humidity (RH) of 65±5% over three months. The results showed that the purity of Ila/Xyl cocrystal remained at 99.8% from the initial purity of 99.75% over the three months, while Ila was predicted to decrease from an initial 99.8% purity to 90% after three months. Additionally, at 25±2°C and RH 65±5%, a specific impurity B in Ila/Xyl cocrystal was observed to be 0.03% over three months, whereas Ila was predicted to increase from an initial 0.032% to 2.28% after three months. To evaluate the dissolution rate of Ila/Xyl cocrystal, a formulation was prepared and compared with Ila at pH 10, with a dosage equivalent to 10mg of Ila. The results showed that Ila/Xyl cocrystal reached 55% within 15 minutes and 100% within 45 minutes, while Ila was predicted to reach 32% at 15 minutes and 100% only after 60 minutes. However, overall, the Ila/Xyl cocrystal showed results equivalent to or exceeding the dissolution rate of Ila.
Therefore, it is predicted that the Ila/Xyl cocrystal will maximize its effectiveness as a more convenient crystal structure for formulation development, allowing storage and preservation at room temperature without the need for the problematic 5°C refrigeration during ambient con-ditions and storage, addressing the issues associated with Ila.
Needless Electrospun Collagen/Hyaluronic Acid Nanofibers for Skincare Applications: Research
Authors: Tören Elçin , Mazari Adnan
Published: January 2024

This study investigated the potential of electrospun collagen/Hyaluronic Acid nanofibers in biomedicine and skincare. Needleless electrospinning technology employed in the production process resulted in nanofibers with consistent fiber diameters and improved mechanical properties. The composite nanofibers demonstrated impressive tensile strength and elongation capabilities, indicating a favorable interaction between collagen and HA. Cellular assays revealed that the collagen/HA scaffolds facilitated superior cell adhesion and proliferation compared to the control scaffolds, indicating their biocompatibility and potential for tissue engineering. This biomaterial offers an environment-friendly alternative to conventional skincare products by eliminating the need for preservatives and reducing waste. Although the initial costs are high, the long-term benefits of material durability and active ingredient efficacy provide a compelling case for industrial adoption. Our findings suggest that collagen/HA nanofibers have the potential to be next-generation materials for regenerative medicine and skincare, and further research is needed to optimize their production and assess the economic feasibility of skincare and tissue engineering applications.
Comparitive Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes of Eight Species of the Genus Lirianthe Spach
Authors: Wu Tao , Sima Yong-Kang , Chen Shao-Yu , Fu Yu-Pin , Ma Hui-Fen , Hao Jia-Bo , Zhu Yun-Feng
Published: January 2024

The genus Lirianthe in the family Magnoliaceae includes approximately 25 species, each with exceptional landscaping and horticultural or medical worth. Many of these plants are considered rare and protected due to their endangered status. The limited knowledge of species within this genus and the absence of research on its chloroplast genome have greatly impeded studies on the relationship between its evolution and systematics. In this study, the chloroplast genomes of 8 species from the genus Lirianthe were sequenced and analyzed, their phylogenetic relationships with other genera of the family Magnoliaceae are also elucidated. The results showed that the chloroplast genome sizes of the 8 Lirianthe species ranged from 159,548 to 159,833 bp. The genomes consisted of a large single copy region, a small single copy region, and a pair of inverted repeat sequences. The GC content was very similar across species. Gene annotation revealed that the chloroplast genomes contained 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, totaling 130 genes. Codon usage analysis indicated that codon usage was highly conserved among the 8 Lirianthe species. Repeat sequence analysis identified 42-49 microsatellite sequences, 16-18 tandem repeats, and 50 dispersed repeats, with microsatellite sequences being predominantly single nucleotide repeats. DNA polymorphism analysis revealed 10 highly variable regions located in the large single copy and small single copy regions, among which rpl32-trnL, petA-psbJ and trnH-psbA are recommended candidate DNA barcodes for the genus Lirianthe species. The inverted repeat boundary regions show little variation between species and are generally conserved. Phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed the monophyly of the genus Lirianthe and its closest relationship with the genera, Talauma and Dugandiodendron. Morphological studies found noticeable differences between Lirianthe species in aspects including leaf indumentum, stipule scars, floral orientation, tepal number, tepal texture, and fruit dehiscence. In summary, this study elucidated the chloroplast genome evolution within Lirianthe and laid a foundation for further systematic and taxonomic research of this genus.
Balancing Act: Tubulin Glutamylation and Microtubule Dynamics in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Delgado Inês L.S. , Gonçalves João , Fernandes Rita , Zúquete Sara , Basto Afonso P. , Leitão Alexandre , Soares Helena , Nolasco Sofia
Published: January 2024

The success of Toxoplasma gondii (intracellular parasite) host cell invasion relies on the apical complex, a specialized microtubule cytoskeleton structure associated with secretory organelles. The genome encodes three isoforms of both α- and β-tubulin which are altered by specific post-translational modifications (PTMs), changing the biochemical/biophysical proprieties of microtubules, and modulating their interaction with associated proteins. Tubulin PTMs are a powerful and evolutionarily conserved mechanism to generate tubulin diversity, forming a biochemical ‘tubulin code’ that can be ‘read’ by microtubule-interacting factors. The T. gondii tubulin PTMs are: α-tubulin acetylation, α-tubulin detyrosination, Δ5α-tubulin, Δ2α-tubulin, α- and β-tubulin polyglutamylation, and α- and α-tubulin methylation. Tubulin glutamylation is a key candidate to assist microtubule remodeling in Toxoplasma, being involved in the regulation of microtubule stability, dynamics, interaction with motor proteins, and severing enzymes. The correct balance of tubulin glutamylation is achieved by the coordinated action of polyglutamylases and deglutamylating enzymes. In this work we will review and discuss the current knowledge on T. gondii tubulin glutamylation. By in silico identification of mammalian protein orthologs we explored and updated the identification of putative proteins related to glutamylation, contributing to a better understanding of the role of tubulin glutamylation in T. gondii.