bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Dimensional Stability of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Authors: Hanson James L. , Yesiller Nazli , Olsen Gregory R.
Published: June 2013

This investigation was conducted to determine the variations in the dimensions of multi-component geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). Two GCLs were tested: a sample with a relatively smooth geofilm, and a sample with a textured geofilm. Discrete effects of cyclic wetting-drying, initial moisture content, overburden pressure, temperature, and underlying subgrade soil were determined. Coupled effects of underlying subgrade soil and climatic conditions were evaluated in an outdoor simulated field environment. Cyclic wetting and drying resulted in net shrinkage of GCLs, with shrinkage strains of 11 % and 4 % in the machine and cross-machine directions, respectively. Specimens with high initial moisture contents (75 % to 125 %) underwent more shrinkage in the early wet-dry cycles than those with low initial moisture (22 % to 50 %), however, the initial moisture had no significant effect on the ultimate shrinkage. In the machine direction, strains exceeded values that would cause panel separation in the field within the first two cycles, whereas at least seven cycles were required for panel separation strains in the cross-machine direction. Temperature effects alone did not result in significant shrinkage. Specimens placed on soil subgrades without wetting or drying underwent moisture changes however experienced less shrinkage than those subjected to wet-dry cycling. The GCLs underwent significant diurnal temperature variations (up to 55°C) outdoors. However, the shrinkage of these specimens was similar to that observed in the subgrade tests. The specimens with higher initial moisture contents underwent more dimensional change than the specimens at lower moistures. The type of geosynthetic in contact with the underlying soil influenced GCL–soil systems. Woven geotextile sides on soil subgrades resulted in high moisture transfer and shrinkage.
Top-down Fabricated Polysilicon Nanoribbon Biosensor Chips for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Kang , Wang Xiaoli , Aroonyadet Noppadol , Zhang Rui , Song Yan , Datar Ram , Cote Richard , Thompson Mark , Zhou Chongwu
Published: June 2013

Nanobiosensors have drawn significant research interest in recent years owing to the advantages of label-free, electrical detection. However, nanobiosensors fabricated by bottom-up process are limited in terms of yield and device uniformity due to the challenges in assembly. Nanobiosensors fabricated by top-down process, on the other hand, exhibit better uniformity but require time and costly processes and materials to achieve the critical dimensions required for high sensitivity. In this report, we introduce a top-down nanobiosensor based on polysilicon nanoribbon. The polysilicon nanoribbon devices can be fabricated by conventional photolithography with only materials and equipments used in the standard CMOS process, thus resulting in great time and cost efficiency, as well as scalability. The devices show great response to pH changes with a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity. Biomarker detection is also demonstrated with clinically relevant sensitivity. Such results suggest that polysilicon nanoribbon devices exhibit great potential toward a highly efficient, reliable and sensitive biosensing platform.
Habitat filtering by landscape and local forest composition in native and exotic New Zealand birds
Authors: Barnagaud Jean-Yves , Barbaro Luc , Papaïx Julien , Deconchat Marc , Brockerhoff Eckehard G.
Published: June 2013

Untangling the relative influences of environmental filtering and biotic interactions on species coexistence at various spatial scales is a long‐held issue in community ecology. Separating these processes is especially important to understand the influences of introduced exotic species on the composition of native communities. For this aim, we investigated coexistence patterns in New Zealand exotic and native birds along multiple‐scale habitat gradients. We built a Bayesian hierarchical model, contrasting the abundance variations of 10 native and 11 exotic species in 501 point counts spread along landscape and local‐scale gradients of forest structure and composition. Although native and exotic species both occurred in a wide range of habitats, they were separated by landscape‐level variables. Exotic species were most abundant in exotic conifer plantations embedded in farmland matrices, while native birds predominated in areas dominated by continuous native forest. In exotic plantation forests, and to a lesser extent in native forests, locally co‐occurring exotic and native species were segregated along a gradient of vegetation height. These results support the prediction that exotic and native bird species are segregated along gradients related to anthropogenic disturbance and habitat availability. In addition, native and exotic species overlapped little in a multivariate functional space based on 10 life history traits associated with habitat selection. Hence, habitat segregation patterns were probably mediated more by environmental filtering processes than by competition at landscape and local scales.
Winter Nitrate Leaching under Different Tillage and Winter Cover Crop Management Practices
Authors: Fraser P. M. , Curtin D. , Harrison-Kirk T. , Meenken E. D. , Beare M. H. , Tabley F. , Gillespie R. N. , Francis G. S.
Published: June 2013

The potential for nitrate (NO3–) to leach is enhanced following cultivation of pastoral land, due to rapid mineralization of labile soil organic matter (SOM). In a 7‐yr field trial in New Zealand, we examined the impacts of tillage intensity [intensive (plowing to 20 cm), minimum, or no‐tillage] and winter cover crops (forage rape) on NO3– leaching following cultivation of permanent (sheep [Ovis aries]‐grazed) pasture to grow arable crops (the rotation included barley [Hordeum vulgare L.], wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and pea [Pisum sativum L.]). Permanent pasture and permanent fallow (maintained plant‐free using herbicides, i.e., not cultivated or fertilized) treatments were included as controls. Losses of NO3––N were calculated from soil solution NO3––N concentrations (measured in ceramic suction cups installed at 600 mm) and drainage volumes. Cumulative NO3––N leached over 7 yr ranged from 20 to 428 kg N ha– 1, with least N lost under pasture. Residual soil mineral N in autumn accounted for ∼30% of the variability in leaching. Nitrate leaching under arable crops generally increased rapidly as winter rainfall (range 78–352 mm yr– 1) increased. Winter cover crops were effective in reducing NO3––N leaching losses, particularly in drier winters when about 50% less N leached where cover crops were grown. On average, annual leaching was only 10 to 18 kg N ha– 1 in the presence of cover crops. Tillage had relatively little influence on leaching, though use of minimum tillage for autumn cultivation resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) less NO3––N leaching than either intensive or no tillage. Largest leaching losses were recorded in the unfertilized, permanent fallow where there was no plant sink for NO3–N derived from SOM mineralization. Growing a crop during the winter period, combined with good N management practices to minimize pre‐winter soil mineral N, provides the best option to keep NO3– leaching within the acceptable range for arable cropping in New Zealand.
Changes in Soil Phosphorus Fractions for a Long‐Term Corn‐Soybean Rotation with Tillage and Phosphorus Fertilization
Authors: Shi Yichao , Ziadi Noura , Messiga Aimé J. , Lalande Roger , Hu Zhengyi
Published: June 2013

Determining how agricultural management practices affect soil P over time could further our understanding of soil P cycling and, thereby, improve P fertilizer use. This study assessed the effects of tillage and P fertilization on soil P fractions over 10‐ and 16‐yr periods of cultivation. In 1992, a long‐term corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotational experiment was established in eastern Canada. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected in spring 2002 and 2008 before corn was planted in plots cultivated under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) management and fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha‐1 and 160 kg N ha‐1 (applied only during the corn phase). Soil samples were analyzed for different attributes including P fractions, Mehlich‐3 P (PM3), P saturation index (PSI), and other chemical properties. Results show that PM3 and PSI were greater under NT compared with MP and also increased with increasing P application. Resin‐P was greater under fertilized NT compare with MP after the 10‐yr period. Similar results were obtained with NaHCO3–inorganic P (Pi) after the 16‐yr period. The P fertilization increased labile P fractions and HCl‐P after the 10‐yr period but increased all Pi fractions after the 16‐yr period. This indicates that the effects of P fertilization increased over time. For the two periods of cultivation, total P declined regardless of treatment; resin‐P, HCl‐P, NaOH‐organic P (Po), and residual‐P were the main contributors and accounted for 83 to 98% of the decrease in total P. Regressions between total P and cumulative P budget indicate that the cumulative P budget variations account for 61 and 43% of total P variations after a 10‐ and 16‐yr period, respectively. Positive correlations between all Pi fractions and cumulative P budget indicate that combined NT and P fertilization enhanced soil Pi fractions, thereby improving soil P supplying capacity and P balance.
Acute Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Martínez-Pastor Juan Carlos , Maculé-Beneyto Francisco , Suso-Vergara Santiago
Published: June 2013

Infection is one of the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The current incidence of prosthetic knee infection is 1-3%, depending on the series.For treatment and control to be more cost effective, multidisciplinary groups made up of professionals from different specialities who can work together to eradicate these kinds of infections need to be assembled. About the microbiology,Staphylococcus aureusand coagulase-negative staphylococcus were among the most frequent microorganisms involved (74%).

Anamnesis and clinical examination are of primary importance in order to determine whether the problem may point to a possible acute septic complication. The first diagnosis may then be supported by increased CRP and ESR levels. The surgical treatment for a chronic prosthetic knee infection has been perfectly defined and standardized, and consists in a two-stage implant revision process. In contrast, the treatment for acute prosthetic knee infection is currently under debate. Considering the different surgical techniques that already exist, surgical debridement with conservation of the prosthesis and polythene revision appears to be an attractive option for both surgeon and patient, as it is less aggressive than the two-stage revision process and has lower initial costs.

The different results obtained from this technique, along with prognosis factors and conclusions to keep in mind when it is indicated for an acute prosthetic infection, whether post-operative or haematogenous, will be analysed by the authors.
Special Issues Involving Periprosthetic Infection in Immunodeficiency Patients
Authors: Tornero Eduard , Riba Josep , Garcia-Ramiro Sebastian
Published: June 2013

Chronic systemic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver cirrhosis, neoplasia, etc. have been clearly associated with high rates of SWI. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these observations are still under investigation.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing problem in our society. Many of these patients will require an arthroplasty and it appears that the prosthetic infection risk for these types of patients is much higher than in the normal population. The risk of complications due to infection seems to be lower in patients with kidney transplants than in patients undergoing haemodialysis. Both prophylaxis and treatment of infection in patients with CKD should be carried out with a strict monitoring of potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics.

The literature on the prognosis and risk of infection in patients with haematopoietic stem cell transplant is scarce and occasionally contradictory. The optimal time for the surgery should be determined by taking into account the immunological state of the patient and should be avoided, as much as possible, during the first year after the HSCT.

Child’s classification system is the most widely used method of stratifying the surgical risk for patients with cirrhosis; the infection appeared to be associated in a statistically significant way with advanced age and a Child B pre-operative classification.

The prevention of prosthetic joint infections in HIV-infected patients should not be significantly different from the prevention for any other patient. Those patients that receive adequate antiretroviral treatment and periodic laboratory control show infection rates and periprosthetic complications that are similar to those for patients not affected by HIV. Therefore, the patient’s level of immunodeficiency is the most important prognostic factor for prosthetic infection.

The particular immunological condition of these patients can lead to infections due to particular microorganisms that immunocompetent patients do not have to deal with. Of all possibilities, because of their frequency and difficulty to treat, infections caused by methicillin-resistantS. aureusand fungus are highlighted.
Financial effects of the international migration in Europe: Modelling the decision to remit
Authors: Roman Monica
Published: June 2013

This paper analyzes the behavior of Central and Eastern European migrants
regarding money remitting to their country of origin and is based on data
provided by the National Immigrant Survey of Spain. In order to analyze the
impacts of migrants? demographic and economic characteristics on remitting
behavior, the variables employed in the econometric model referred to
individual factors, factors that evaluate the migrant?s links with the native
country and those that account for the degree of migrant?s integration in
Spain. The factors showing a stronger attachment to relatives and the country
of origin have a positive impact on the decision to remit and on the remitted
amounts, while the factors that point to the integration of the migrant into
Spanish society have a negative and smaller impact on the remitting decision.
The importance of Mount Athos and the Ohrid Archbishopric for the policy of Basil II in the Balkans
Authors: Krsmanovic Bojana
Published: June 2013

The essay ascertains that the monastic center located on Mount Athos and the
Ohrid Archbishopric played a very important role in the policies pursued by
Basil II. It was during his rule that the first foreign monasteries, which
later Greek sources refer to as monastic communities ??????? ??????? (Iveron
and Amalfi), were established. The third monastery displaying this
characteristic was the Serbian monastery Hilandar. Since Hilandar had been
established after the Bulgarian and Russian monasteries, the question arose
why sources dating from the late 12th century do not mention Zographou and
St. Panteleimon?s monastery among the ??????? ??????? monasteries. The
answeris to be found in the circumstances surrounding the establishment of
Slavic monasteries on Mount Athos. The essay also assesses the importance of
Mount Athos and the Ohrid Archbishopric for the process of deeper integration
of Slavs into the Byzantine religious and political-ideological system.
Constantine X Doukas in an Enkomion by Michael Psellos
Authors: Saranac-Stamenkovic Jasmina
Published: June 2013

According to the interpretation of the original data the speech dedicated to
Constantine X Doukas, written by Michael Psellus after the Emperor?s victory
over the Uze, deals with the role, importance and use of imperial speeches in
promoting the Byzantine court ruling ideology in the 11th century. Also, it
deals with the way of presenting the emperor in the imperial speech.
On portraits in Ravanica
Authors: Starodubcev Tatjana
Published: June 2013

This research examines a badly washed-out portrait composition of Prince
Lazar, Princess Milica and their sons, Stefan and Vuk, in the Ravanica
church. The opinion is that it was not painted later, over the original layer
of the frescoes, but that it was made simultaneously with the other wall
paintings of the lowest zones of the church. Considering the age of Stefan
represented in the portrait composition, it is assumed that the decoration of
the church was completed around 1385.
The Serbian panagiarion from Vatopedi
Authors: Miljkovic Bojan
Published: June 2013

The panagiarion made out of rhinoceros horn from Vatopedi is one of the few
vessels of that kind which originate from the Middle Ages. Its creation can
be dated to the end of the 14th, or first half of the 15th century, at the
time of very lively relations between this Athonite monastery and the Serbian
despotate.
H TOY θEOY ΔIA TΩN ARHONTΩN PROMHθEIA - Byzantine 15th century archontes and religious endowments: Two examples
Authors: Nikolic Maja
Published: June 2013

Constantinopolitan aristocracy of the XV century was, in the different ways
and for the various reasons, attached to many of the city's monasteries and
churches. The article is about two capital monasteries, St. John The
Forerunner in Petra and Christ Philanthropos Soter, and the connection of the
illustrious families of Lascaris Leontares and Asanes/Philanthropenos to
them. Two epitaphs, composed by John Eugenikos for their ktetors, Demetrios
Lascaris Leontares and Isaakios Asanes, shed more light on the matter.
Bromine as a Potential Threat to the Aquatic Environment in Areas of Mining Operations
Authors: Winid Bogumiła
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie

Brom w wodach słabo zmineralizowanych występuje w niewielkich ilościach. Średnia zawartość bromków w wodach powierzchniowych i podziemnych strefy aktywnej wymiany na ogół nie przekracza 200 p,g/dm3 (0,2 mg/dm3). W większych ilościach jony te mogą występować w wodach zmineralizowanych, ale także w niektórych swoistych wodach leczniczych, wodach termalnych oraz solankach. Bromki w wodach gruntowych i powierzchniowych mogą być wynikiem dopływu zasolonych wód podziemnych. W obszarach eksploatacji górniczej gospodarka wodami zasolonymi (złożowymi, kopalnianymi i produkcyjnymi) może wpływać na wzrost zawartości bromków w wodach powierzchniowych i płytkich wodach podziemnych. Bromki w ilościach znacznie przekraczających 1 mg/dm3 rejestrowane są w odciekach i zanieczyszczonych wodach rejonów składowisk odpadów komunalnych i przemysłowych.

Obecność bromków w wodach poddawanych ozonowaniu i chlorowaniu może spowodować utworzenie bromianów, które są związkami kancerogennymi, a także szeregu związków organicznych zawierających brom, które mogą mieć działanie mutagenne. Problem powstawania bromianów dotyczy wód o zawartości powyżej 50 ^g/dm3 (0,05 mg/dm3).

W artykule zamieszczono dane dotyczące zawartości bromków w wodach o różnej mineralizacji. Omówiono antropogeniczne przyczyny występowania bromków z uwzględnieniem górnictwa i procesu szczelinowania hydraulicznego. Z doświadczeń eksploatacji gazu łupkowego stanu Pensylwania (USA) wynika, że konsekwencją procesu szczelinowania hydraulicznego może być obecność wód o podwyższonej zawartości bromków i problem ich utylizacji. Zwiększone zawartości bromków w wodach powierzchniowych obszarów pozostających pod wpływem eksploatacji górniczej można wiązać z wodami produkcyjnymi, ale również z innymi (poza górniczymi) ogniskami zanieczyszczeń.

Zwrócono uwagę na niewielką ilość danych dotyczących zawartości bromków w wodach Polski, co jest spowodowane tym, że składnik ten nie jest uwzględniony w procedurze badania jakości wód. Znajomość tła pozwoliłaby w przyszłości na dokładniejszą ocenę stanu środowiska także przy poszukiwaniach i ewentualnej eksploatacji gazu łupkowego.
The basic assumptions of the quantitative version of the Comprehensive Method of Rockburst Hazard Evaluation
Authors: Kurzeja Joanna , Kornowski Jerzy
Published: June 2013

Streszczenie

W artykule opisano podstawy i wyniki stosowania nowej, ilościowej wersji znanej w polskim górnictwie Kompleksowej Metody Oceny Stanu Zagrożenia Tąpaniami (ang.: CMRHE). W skład Metody Kompleksowej (MK) wchodzą cztery tzw. „metody szczegółowe”: sejsmologii górniczej, sejsmoakustyki, wierceń małośredni- cowych i „ekspercka” metoda rozeznania górniczego. Mimo swej popularności, MK nie jest dobrze zdefiniowana w sensie matematycznym: ani sama MK ani żadna z metod szczegółowych nie definiują ilościowo przedmiotu swego zainteresowania, tzn. zagrożenia tąpaniami, wskutek czego usiłują one ocenić lub prognozować niezdefi­niowaną wielkość. Nie ma też pewności, że każda z metod bada tę samą wielkość fizyczną i nie jest oczywiste w jaki sposób poprawnie łączyć wyniki metod szczegółowych by otrzymać poszukiwane wynikowe zagrożenie. Opisana tu wersja ilościowa MK, od samego początku definiuje zagrożenie tąpnięciem jak również wszystkie jego składniki jako prawdopodobieństwa, na których wszelkie przekształcenia mogą być dokonywane zgodnie z zasadami rachunku prawdopodobieństwa. W artykule zademonstrowano, że wszystkie informacje o czynnikach kształtujących zagrożenie, które wykorzystywane są w oryginalnej Metodzie Kompleksowej, mogą być przed­stawione w formie rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa - zawsze zależnych od właściwej zmiennej objaśniającej - a dla konkretnej, lokalnej wartości tej zmiennej, każdy rozkład daje skalarną wartość prawdopodobieństwa. Iloczyn tych rozkładów prawdopodobieństwa jest estymatorem zagrożenia tąpnięciem i jest oparty na dokładnie tej samej informacji co oryginalna ocena z MK. Można zauważyć, że logarytm iloczynu prawdopodobieństw daje sumę składników, analogiczną lecz nie identyczną względem sumy „punktów” w oryginalnej MK, co podkreśla bezpośredni związek opisanej tu ilościowej wersji z oryginalną MK. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono przykład oceny zagrożenia tąpnięciem, ilustrując prostotę metody.
Determination of 10B in lymphoma human cells after boron carrier treatment: comparison of 10BPA and immuno-nanoparticles
Authors: Persico Marco , Chiari Patrizia , Biesuz Raffaela , Alberti Giancarla
Published: June 2013

Current cancer treatments lead to insufficient distribution of therapeutic agents in tumor cells due to their lack of selectivity often causing adverse effects in the normal cell uptake of the drug. The challenge is to design therapeutic drugs able to maximize the treatment of malignant cancers while minimizing their adverse effects. In this study, 10B incorporation in the B chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line MEC-1 was investigated. The cells were treated with l-p-10borophenylalanine (10BPA) and 10boron immuno-nanoparticles (BNPs) loaded with 10BPA with or without the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody for different contact times. The uptake of 10B by the cells was determined by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid mineralization. To obtain accurate and consistent data, the analytical procedure was optimized using factorial experimental design. It was observed that BNP loaded with 10BPA and anti-CD20 represents the best carrier system for 10B in B cells for long time (>10 h) whereas 10BPA seems to be the top drug for short time (< 4 h) procedures.
'The Best Way to See Waterloo Is with Your Eyes Shut'
Authors: François Pieter
Published: June 2013

This article analyses how nineteenth-century British visitors of Waterloo anticipated, experienced and explained their visit of 'the field'. The article shows how British visitors attempted to claim ownership over Waterloo and to legitimise their own commemorative practices by simultaneously searching for authenticity and longing for the familiarity (and commercialisation) of the 'beaten track'. By doing so this article calls for a shift in our understanding of nineteenth-century British Waterloo tourism. The view that emphasises the succession of an early generation of authentic travellers by a later generation of 'mere' tourists is replaced by a view which sees the desire for authenticity and the need for the familiar as two forces which were continuously negotiated in creative ways by travellers throughout the whole nineteenth century.
British Water Policy in Mandate Palestine: Environmental Orientalism and Social Transformation
Authors: Broich John
Published: June 2013

During the period of the British Mandate in Palestine, British water policies combined with Zionist groups' settlement and 'development' activities to drastically change the waterscape in the region. The changing water conditions had dire consequences for rural Arabs' ability to carry on farming, support livestock, and undertake water-dependent industries. The roots of British water policy lay in part in conceptions of the so-called Arab 'race'. An instance of 'environmental Orientalism', this case offers an opportunity to examine links between racial conceptions and environmental changes that had lasting influence on landscapes and peoples.Â
Excavations at Gao Saney: New Evidence for Settlement Growth, Trade, and Interaction on the Nige r Bend in the First Millennium CE
Authors: Cissé Mamadou , McIntosh Susan Keech , Dussubieux Laure , Fenn Thomas , Gallagher Daphne , Smith Abigail Chipps
Published: June 2013

Along with Ghana, Gawgaw (Gao) was an important regional trading polity mentioned by Arab chroniclers in the later first millennium CE. In the later tenth century, al-Muhallabi wrote of the dual towns of Gawgaw, one the residence of the king and the other a market and trading town called Sarneh. The large settlement mound of Gao Saney, located seven kilometers east of Gao, has long been thought to be the site of Sarneh. Excavations in 2001–2 and 2009 were the first sustained archaeological explorations of the main, 32-hectare mound, providing new information on function, subsistence economy, material culture, and chronology, and expanding considerably on earlier investigations by T. Insoll and R. Mauny. This article presents a broad overview of the recent excavations, focusing particularly on the evidence for spatial differentiation (domestic and workshop areas), chronology (both radiocarbon and ceramic) and involvement in trade networks.
Salivary Biomarkers for Periodontal Diseases-A Review
Authors: Narang Ridhi , Mittal Litik , Gupta Yogesh Kumar , Roseka - , Verma Renuka
Published: June 2013

Second most common oral disease next to dental caries is periodontal disease. It is considered to be inflammatory disorder that damages tissue through the complex interaction between periopathogens and the host defense systems. Researchers involved in periodontal disease diagnostics are currently investigating the possible use of oral fluids, such as saliva, for disease assessment. Secretions from the major salivary glands, which have a large number of proteins and peptides, are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the oral cavity. Also, because of its importance in oral biofilm formation and host defense, secreted saliva with its biomarkers may have a significant role in the establishment and progression of periodontal disease. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 244-249 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15405
The outcome of the severity of diarrhoea in adult hospitalized patients with the assessment of nutritional and socioeconomic status
Authors: Islam Alimul , Ud-Daula Asad
Published: June 2013

Background: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study observed the influences of nutritional status and age on the outcome of severe diarrhoea in adult male patients. Methods and materials: Data were obtained through interview by arranged questionnaire. It is a prospective longitudinal study, where one group of patient was well nourished and other group was malnourished. Results: Significant differences were found in all study factors between malnourished and well nourished diarrhoea patients. Patients with poor nutritional status had low body weight and muscle mass index than well nourished patients. The stool volume was higher in malnourished patients than well nourished patient. In addition mean duration of diarrhoea for malnourished patients was higher than well nourished patients until discharge from hospital. Conclusion: Therefore, the diarrhoea of malnourished and low socioeconomic status of adult patients is more severe, and the incidence of this disease can be reduced by growing awareness as well as improve nutritional and socioeconomic status of those patient groups. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 250-255 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15406
The occurrence of C-shaped root canal in Malaysian population
Authors: Nie Yeap Kian , Bakar Wan Zaripah Wan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: June 2013

Background: The recognition of unusual canals configurations and variations are essential for successful endodontic diagnosis and treatment. This study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of C- shaped root canal in Malaysian population. Design: This is an in vitro study whereby 241 extracted human first and second molars with intact root were collected from several dental clinics in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: The roots were sectioned at three levels: subpulpal level, 3mm from apical tip and middle level between the first and last level. The appearance of the root canal sections were assessed using stereomicroscope (Leica, Germany) and pictures were taken. Data were analyzed statistically using Fishers Exact and Binomial test with p<0.05 indicates statistically significant difference. Results: The occurrence of C- shaped canal among molars collected is 3.73%. Hundred percent of the molars with C- shaped root canal configuration are mandibular molars and 77.8% are belonged to Chinese racial. Conclusion: The findings show that C- shaped root canals do occur among Malaysian people especially Chinese racial. Besides, all the teeth that possess C- shaped root canal configuration are lower molars. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 03 July 13 Page 286-290 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i3.15427
In vitro clonal multiplication of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. through cotylodonary node culture
Authors: Akter S , Banu TA , Habib MA , Afrin S , Khatun A , Khan S , Islam S
Published: June 2013

Clonal multiplication of Aegle marmelos was achieved through in vitro culture. Cotyledonary nodes from one month old in-vitro grown seedlings of Aegle marmelos were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP, Kn, and IBA either alone or in combination. The highest regenerative response was observed on medium containing 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L Kn from node and shoot tip within 8-10 days. When regenerated shoots were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L BAP and 0.02 mg/L Kn, maximum number of multiple shoots were observed after third phase of subculture. Poor response was found using MS medium supplemented with Kn only. In vitro induced shoots were transferred into root induction medium consisting of half-strength MS supplemented with auxins, IAA, IBA or NAA. Rooting was best in medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized and transferred to the soil with 96% survival rate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15408 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 13-18, 2013
Impact of animal manure EM-bokashi on seed yield and quality of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Shahardeen RNM , Seran TH
Published: June 2013

The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of EM treated animal manures (named as animal manure EM-bokashi) on yield and nutritional composition of seeds of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). This experiment was carried out with five treatments and 15 replications. The pots were arranged in a completely randomized way in the net house. The treatments included a non-fertilizer application as a control, the recommended chemical fertilizer dose and three types of animal manure EM-bokashi (cattle manure EM-bokashi, goat manure EM-bokashi and poultry manure EM-bokashi). The results showed that application of EM treated animal manures significantly increased the number of leaves caused greater nodulation, produced higher number of pods per plant, yielded maximum number of seeds per pod, greater 100 seed weight, higher yield and increased seed quality compared to chemical and non-fertilizer treatments. Among the different types of animal manure EM-bokashi, goat manure EM-bokashi applied plants produced comparatively higher seed yield with good nutritional value in the present study thus it is most suitable for obtaining higher economic yield and better seed quality of vegetable cowpea on sandy regosol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15411 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 33-38, 2013
Phytochemical and biological activities of ethanolic extract of C. hirsuta leaves
Authors: Rahman MA , Rahman MA , Ahmed NU
Published: June 2013

This study investigated the phytochemical and biological activities like antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxitc effects of C. hirsuta (Synonym- Senna hirsuta) leaf extracted with exhanol. Qualitative phytochemical analyses were accomplished by established methods. Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects were, respectively, measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method, disc diffusion method and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The presence of alkaloids, glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides and flavonoids were detected in the leaf extract. The extract showed significant (p < 0.01) radical scavenging effect (IC50, 200.96 ± 0.85 ?g/ml) in comparison to ascorbic acid (IC50, 1.24 ± 0.08 ?g/ml). The extract also showed significant (p < 0.05) zone of inhibitions against Gram-positive Bacillus cereus (13 ± 1.05 mm) and Bacillus megaterium (9 ± 0.85 mm), and Gram-negative Vibrio cholera (20 ± 0.68 mm), Escherichia coli (8 ± 0.92 mm), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (15 ± 1.03 mm), Salmonella paratyphi (9 ± 0.79 mm) and Shigella dysenteriae (8 ± 0.88 mm). In cytotoxic assay, the extract showed the LC50 value 315.5 ?g/ml which was statistically significant (p < 0.01) compared to reference cytotoxic agent vincristine sulfate (LC50, 38.99 ?g/ml). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15413 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 43-50, 2013
Catalytic benzylation of isomeric xylenes with benzyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid
Authors: Rana AA , Kamruzzaman M , Saha M
Published: June 2013

Benzylation of isomeric xylenes with benzyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst was studied and benzyl xylenes obtained in high yield. The effects of the variation of reaction parameters such as temperature, molar ratio of xylene to benzyl alcohol, amount of sulfuric acid and time of reactions were investigated. The yield of the products increased with the increase of each of the above-mentioned parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i1.15417 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(1), 75-80, 2013
Editorial Vol.2(2)
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Raihan
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i2.15449 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(2) 2013: 59
Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin In Combined Pharmaceutical Dosage Form By RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Krishnaveni G , Sathyannarayana PVV
Published: June 2013

A simple, rapid reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatography was carried out by using Chromosil C-18,column having 250 x 4.6mm internal diameter with a mixture of Methanol:Acetonitrile:0.1%Orthophosphoric Aid in the ratio of 75:20:05 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. Determination of the different analytical parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was done. The calibration curve was found to be linear for each analyte in the desired concentration range. The average recovery was found to be 99.88 and 100.12 for Ezetimibe and Simvastatin respectively. The proposed method is highly sensitive, precise and accurate, which was evident from the LOD value of 1.2ppm and 0.25ppm for Ezetimibe and Simvastatin respectively and hence the present method can be applied successfully for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content in the combined formulations of Ezetimibe and Simvastatin. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i2.15450 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(2) 2013: 60-69
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymer Effect on In-Vitro Kinetics of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Carvedilol Using Model Dependent Methods
Authors: Rahela Umme , Moghal Md Mizanur Rahman , Dewan Sayed Masudur Rahman , Amin Mohammad Nurul
Published: June 2013

The present study was designed to evaluate the polymeric effect of METHOCEL K15MCR on the sustained release drug product of Carvedilol. Carvedilol matrix tablets were formulated by direct compression method using METHOCEL K15MCR polymer in various percentages. Physical parameters were tested and the dissolution procedure was performed by using USP (II) paddle method for eight hours to examine the release kinetics. In the study, METHOCEL K15MCR polymer was found to cause the strong retardation of the drug release. The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations. In the context, it can be suggested with a satisfactory result that this sustained release Carvedilol tablets can be marketed to treat patient ensuring proper healthcare. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i2.15452 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(2) 2013: 70-79
Process Capability Analysis in Pharmaceutical Production
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Raihan
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i2.15454 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(2) 2013: 85-89
A Validated Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Vildagliptin from Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Khatun Rahima , Mirazzunnabi Md
Published: June 2013

A simple, rapid, precise and cost effective method has been developed and validated for determination of Vildagliptin in pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out with Shimpack VP-ODS, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5?m analytical column and mobile phase containing 0.02M phosphate buffer (pH 4.6) and acetonitrile at the ratio (80:20% v/v). pH of the buffer solution was adjusted with orthophosphoric acid. The instrumental settings include flow rate 0.7 ml/min, column temperature at 25ºC and detector wavelength of 210nm using a photodiode array detector. Theoretical plate for Vildagliptin was 6219 and tailing factor was 1.38. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15455 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 90-98
A Review on Indian Sago Starch And Its Pharmacuetical Applications
Authors: Yadav Ranu , Garg Garima
Published: June 2013

Indian sago starch extracted from Tapioca roots finds its application not only as a food but also numerous commercial applications. In the present review we are discussing concisely the extraction, physiochemical properties, chemical modifications and pharmaceutical applications of Indian sago starch. The sago starch is a cheap, easily available, biodegradable and a versatile polymer. Starch has always been an important excipient in the pharmaceutical industry. It is conventionally used as a binder, disintegrant, diluent, granulating agent. It is also a starting material for many other chemicals like ethanol, glucose and cyclodextrin. Several modifications were attempted on native starch to improve and modulate its physiochemical properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15456 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 99-106
Protozoan parasites in a wastewater treatment plant of Bangladesh
Authors: Khanum H , Khanam S Shanjida , Sultana M , Uddin M H , Dhar R Chandra , Islam M S
Published: June 2013

Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different stages of the treatment plant. Among these Giardia and Entamoeba spp. were found most frequently than others. Both the prevalence and dominance of protozoan parasites were reduced gradually with the sampling point of the treatment plant which means that the treatment plant was effective in reducing protozoan parasites but not too effective to eliminate them completely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15372Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 05-08
High hatching success of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in a commercial Crocodile Farm of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Sakhawat , Jaman M Firoj , Ahmed Mushtaq , Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Rahman Md Saidur
Published: June 2013

An extensive study was conducted from March 2007 to February 2012 on hatching success of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in the Reptiles Farm Ltd. (RFL) located at Hatiber village of Uthura union under Bhaluka upazila in Mymensingh. The study was mainly based on direct field observation and some previous data collected by farms technicians. A special type of incubator having 98-100% moisture and 31-330C temperature was maintained to improve the hatching success. Yearly hatching success in captivity was 95.8%, 95.15%, 97.44%, 96.03% and 94.53% in 2007 through 2011, respectively. The average rate of hatching success in RFL was 95.8 ± 1.09%. Hundred percent hatching success was found in 29 out of 56 clutches. Clutch size varied from 19 to 68 eggs. Unhatched eggs were 4.19%, of which most of the embryos died before hatching. The average time required for incubation was 79 ± 3, 79.5 ± 4.5, 80 ± 4, 80.5 ± 4.5 and 78.5 ± 3.5 days in the above mentioned period. Compared to the wild habitat, captive environment in controlled weather and predation might improve hatching rates. This study suggests that conservation of this endangered species is possible by captive breeding and reintroduction program.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15398Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 35-38
Physico-chemical variables and their effect on the growth performance of some major carps in some ponds of a matsaya gram (Fish village) in Natore
Authors: Hossain Md Shahadot , Haque Mohd Mainul
Published: June 2013

An experiment was carried out to asses the physico-chemical characteristics, water quality and fish growth suffered by pollution hazards created by unethical use of agrochemical in few ponds in a matsaya gram (fish fillage) in northern part of Bangladesh. The range of free CO2, DO, HCO3, CO3 and pH were 2-30mg/l, 3.14-11.86 mg/l, 86.31-143.84mg/l, 0 -50mg/l and 8.5-9.5 respectively. The BOD of the studied ponds found quite less than optimum level. The study of relationship between fish growth and the soil characters showed negative impact. It revealed that due to minimum rainfall the ponds were not washed out that could decrease the rate of pollution created from the nearest house and residual chemicals, those used in upland crop field beside it. But the ponds are still suitable for fish culture and should keep them at least in present position for good crop.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15401Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 55-58
Non-protein nitrogen compound poisoning in cattle
Authors: Shaikat Amir Hossan , Hasan Mohammad Mahmudul , Hasan SKM Azizul , Khan Shahnewaz Ali , Haque Md Ahsanul , Islam Md Nurul , Hossain Mohammad Belayet
Published: June 2013

The study was carried out in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong to find out the causes of sudden death of cattle in the Military Dairy Farm, Chittagong. To explore the cause of death, clinical history, clinical signs were recorded. Finally, postmortem was done and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis. The ruminal pH was 9.0 and the clinical history along with signs suggests possible non-protein nitrogenous compound poisoning. The laboratory diagnosis coincides with nitrate poisoning which focuses possible relationship between non-protein nitrogenous compound and nitrate poisoning. The study recommends maintaining proper cautions to use urea in concentrate feed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15403Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 65-68
Constraints and prospects of carp production in Rajshahi and Natore districts, Bangladesh
Authors: Mohsin ABM , Islam MN , Hossain MA , Galib SM
Published: June 2013

This study was conducted in Rajshahi and Natore districts of northern area of Bangladesh for a period of three years (2007 to 2009). One hundred carp ponds were selected randomly and fish farmers were interviewed to reveal the existing constraints and prospects. Ten percent farmers reported multiple ownership as a problem and 16% farmers stated that lease value of pond is too high which reducing their profit level. Lack of quality fish seeds was reported by 33% farmers which results in low growth and high mortality of fishes. Nine percent carp farmers reported that inorganic fertilizers were not giving expected performances. Thirty three percent carp farmers failed to apply required inputs in due time due to lack of sufficient credit. Plankton bloom was recorded in 18% ponds. Three percent fish farmers were found to be affected by flood and drought. Eight percent farmers reported non-severe attack of disease. Fish poaching and poisoning were revealed as major constraints. Thirty six percent farmers mentioned lack of technical supports. Due to found constraints, the farmers failed to use inputs and experiences properly resulted in unsatisfactory fish production (3598.72±785.83 kg/ha/yr) to the carp farmers. Further research efforts are recommended to assess the specific impacts of recorded constraints on fish production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15435Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 69-72
Prevalence and determination of occupational diseases of
Authors: Mohanta MK , Saha AK , Hasan M A
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15437Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 79-82
Anatomy of digestive and respiratory system of Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii)
Authors: Shil SK , Das BC , Uddin M , Rahman ML , Quasem MA
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15438Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 83-84
Egg morphometric analyses in chickens and some selected birds
Authors: Kabir Md Ashraful , Islam M Saiful , Datta Ripon Kumar
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15439Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 85-87
Influence of farm conditions on the production of hygienic milk
Authors: Mutaleb MA , Rahman MB , Huda N , Ullah H , Hossain MB
Published: June 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15441Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 91-92