bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Nilai Moral dalam Novel Lelaki Laut Karya Alamsyah M. Dja’far serta Implikasinya Terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA
Authors: Nurjaman Aam , Fuad Utami Kusumawati
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out the moral value of “Lelaki Laut” novel written by Alamsyah M. Dja’far and the suitable of this novel as the teaching material of Bahasa Indonesia lesson in senior high school. Qualitative method is used in this research. Library research is used as the technique  the “Lelaki Laut” novel written by Alamsyah M. Dja’far is the resource of this research. The moral value from this novel is the relationship between human and themselves, the relationship between human and another human in the social area includes their nature, and the relationship between human and God. There are found 47 moral values after analysing the quotation. Those 47 results are included the types of teh moral value. The most data found are 21 (45%) about the relationship between human and themselves. This relationship usually about their own feelings and they appear naturally. The second data which are found the most are 18 (38%) about the relationship beetween human and another human in their social area includes their relationship with the nature. These moral value show that and issue comes from the human interaction and the influence of their environment. Next, the human relation with their God is found total 8 (17%)  data. This moral value is related to the problem of their loyalty and trust to their God. Based on these total, it can be concluded that “Lelaki Laut” novel written by Alamsyah M. Dja’far has alot of moral values besides, it can be concluded also that this “Lelaki Laut” novel has implication on the Bahasa Indonesia lesson in senior high school. The “Lelaki Laut” novel also is suitable to be used as the teaching material in Bahasa Indonesia  lesson in senior high school. These things can be seen from the amount of the moral values from “Lelaki Laut” novel.
Reseña de Simmel (1908/2014) El pobre
Authors: Kendziur María
Published: January 2022

Expongo una reseña de un texto que cumplió más de 100 años, pero cuya actualidad invita a que sea utilizado para el análisis de cientistas sociales e investigadores interesados en temas como la pobreza, la intervención social, políticas sociales, entre otros. En esta producción, resumo argumentos centrales de “El pobre” (Simmel, 1908) y destaco algunas tensiones que construyo a partir de sus aportes.
Das Unsagbare erzählen
Authors: Petö Andrea
Published: January 2022

Wie erzählt man das Unsagbare, für das nicht nur die Zuhörer, sondern auch die Begrifflichkeiten jahrzehntelang fehlten?

Andrea Petö stellt sich mit ihrer Pionierstudie der Herausforderung, die Geschichte der Gräueltaten gegen die Zivilbevölkerung zu erzählen, speziell die der Massenvergewaltigungen von Frauen im Zweiten Weltkrieg durch deutsche, sowjetische und ungarische Soldaten in Ungarn.

Eine solche Studie steht vor mehrfachen Problemen, theoretischer und methodischer Natur: So muss sie einen Weg finden, mit der jahrzehntelangen Tabuisierung - die private und politische Gründe hatte - umzugehen.

Petö bedient sich der feministischen Methodik, um Antworten auf folgende Fragen geben zu können: Welche Ereignisse und Narrative haben die kollektive Erinnerung an Kriegsvergewaltigungen geformt? Was trug zur Spirale aus Schweigen und Unsagbarkeit bei? Und schließlich: Wie kam es dazu, dass die Geschichte der Kriegsvergewaltigungen zu einer viel genutzten Waffe auf dem Schlachtfeld der zeitgenössischen Erinnerungspolitik wurde?
Current Methods for Acceleration of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Akin Mehmet , Cime Akbaydogan Leyla
Published: January 2022

The awareness of the society and, accordingly, the number of patients who need orthodontic treatment has increased gradually. Nowadays, the importance of the concept of time has focused the attention of researchers on the completion of orthodontic treatments in a shorter time. Heavy forces applied to shorten the treatment period in orthodontic treatments cause many undesirable conditions, such as root resorption, crushing of periodontal fibers, and formation of hyalinization tissue. Therefore, researchers are working on methods that will accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and shorten the treatment time. In this section, applications that accelerate orthodontic tooth movement will be discussed.
Magneto-Hydrodynamic Natural Convection Flow in a Concentric Annulus with Ramped Temperature and Ramped Motion of the Boundaries
Authors: Lawal Khadijah , Jibril Haruna
Published: January 2022

An unsteady MHD flow of a temperature dependent heat source/sink in an annulus due to ramped motion and ramped temperature of the boundaries has been analyzed. The partial differential equations of the fluid flow are formulated taking into account the ramped temperature and ramped velocity of the inner cylinder. The closed form solution are obtained for three cases of the magnetic field being fixed relative the fluid, cylinder and when the velocity of the magnetic field is less than the velocity of the moving cylinder. The problem is solved using Laplace transform technique to obtain the Laplace domain solution and Riemann sum approximation to obtain the time domain solution. The effect of the governing parameters on the fluid flow are illustrated graphically. It is found that, Hartmann number has a retarding effect on the skin friction at the outer surface of the inner cylinder and mass flow rate. It also decreases fluid velocity for cases K=0.0andK=0.5 the reverse effect is noticed for case K=1.0. Increase in Hartmann number lead to an increase in skin friction at the inner surface of the outer cylinder for case K=0.0 but decreases it for cases K=0.0andK=0.5.
Recent Development of Carbenes: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties and Applications
Authors: Manna Arunava , Verma Abhineet , K. Panja Sumit , Saha Satyen
Published: January 2022

Carbenes are highly reactive intermediates in organic synthesis. These divalent carbon species are generally transient in nature and cannot be isolated. However, they can form stabile metal complexes. Later on, the development of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and other stable carbene led to the application of these carbon (II) donor ligands in the synthesis of complex natural products, transition metal catalysis, organo-catalysis and several other synthetic methodologies. Here in this short review, we will discuss the brief history of the development of carbenes, synthesis of stable carbenes (NHC in particular), and their applications in natural products synthesis transition metal chemistry/organometallics. In addition to synthesis and application, the chapter will consist of a detailed structural analysis of carbenes and exciting photophysics of this class of compounds. Special emphasis will be given to electronic structure. The role of carbene in the development of luminescent NHC transition metal complexes, the tuning of emission properties as well as their active role as photocatalysts in the reduction of CO2 will also be discussed.
Basic Principles of Colour Measurement and Colour Matching of Textiles and Apparels
Authors: Samanta Pubalina
Published: January 2022

This book chapter covers basic principles of quantitative measurement and analysis of surface colour parameters and surface appearance of undyed/dyed textile materials and finally matching of colours with standard samples of any textiles. Surface colour parameters of textile materials change with different chemical processing including bleaching, dyeing and finishing and need to measure it quantitatively for understanding the effect of different chemical processes/dyes and auxiliaries and finishes. So, CIE-1976 equations for measurement of Tristimulus values, surface colour strength, colour differences, Metamerism index, colour difference index as well as specific formulae for measuring Whiteness Index, Yellowness Index, Brightness Index and the theory of colour match prediction are discussed here. One Case study of colour match prediction for a specific case is also shown. Finally, the importance of single constant measurement of surface color parameters for coloured textiles and practical cares for database preparation and colour measurement and match prediction for textile and apparel products are deliberated. Apparel industry is very much dependent on colour psychology and colour preferences of customers in different seasons and occasions and hence, it is important to measure all surface colour parameters of textile materials to choose perfectly matched coloured textiles for making any garment.
Management and Prevention Strategies for Treating Dentine Hypersensitivity
Authors: G. Gillam David
Published: January 2022

The clinician faces numerous challenges when confronted with patients complaining of oro-facial pain, which can involve both dental and non-dental causes. Perhaps one of the most enigmatic clinical conditions that a clinician may encounter is that of dentine hypersensitivity (DH), dentine sensitivity (DS) or root sensitivity (RS), which is both problematic to identify and difficult to treat and may have a major effect on the patient’s quality of life (QoL). Ideally, the clinician needs to prevent or minimize these effects to reduce any unnecessary discomfort for the patient and this may be accomplished through preventive strategies, the provision of the required information about the procedures both pre- and post-treatments as well as reassuring the patient in the event of any subsequent discomfort. Furthermore, it is important for the clinician to be able to correctly diagnose the exact cause of the patient’s discomfort and have the confidence to successfully manage the problem. This chapter aims to cover the relevant aspects for both diagnosing and managing DH with an emphasis on adopting a preventive strategy that will attempt to minimize or eliminate the problem, thereby enabling the patient to have an improved quality of life.
Stem Cell Therapy for Learning Disability
Authors: Sharma Alok , Gokulchandran Nandini , Sane Hemangi , Desai Sakshi , Kulkarni Pooja , Badhe Prerna
Published: January 2022

Learning disabilities (LDs) are caused by genetic and/or neurological factors that alter brain functioning and affect processes related to learning, which include dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. It hinders the child’s academic, social, and overall life skills. Current treatments for LD include medication and rehabilitation, focusing on management of symptoms. Thus, there is a need to explore newer treatments which will work at cellular level. Stem cell therapy is an evolving field of regenerative medicine and has shown great potential as a treatment strategy for various neuro-developmental and neurological disorders. It addresses the core underlying pathology and its benefits are enhanced when combined with standard treatments. This chapter focuses on various aspects of stem cell therapy in LD which includes the basics of stem cell therapy, rationale for use of stem cells, mechanism of action, monitoring tools like PET CT scan, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation. We have also enumerated our clinical experience and results of patients who underwent autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation combined with extensive rehabilitation. These patients showed a positive outcome, without any major adverse events. Nineteen out of 20 patients showed improvement in reading, writing, mathematical skills, attention, memory, problem-solving, comprehension skills, spelling, vocabulary, and overall increased academic performance.
Marijuana, a Journey through the Endocannabinoid System: Unmasking the Paradoxical Effect - Part 2
Authors: Lucas McKinley Ryan
Published: January 2022

Here in part two, a brief explanation in essential oil/ terpene administration as well as cover the medicinal effects of terpenes focusing on biphasic pharmacokinetics and possible paradoxical reactions and molecular sites of interest, including the medicinal properties of a specific flavonoid; an explanation into the paradoxical entourage and identifying common misconceptions from cannabis use and education; we finalize our look into the paradoxical location learning biphasic and paradoxical reactions from cannabis with an in-depth look into the cause of ASR/ATD following with a fundamental explanation how stress with the wrong medication can instigate the situation. The Multi Cultivar Entourage Effect Chart (MCEEC) directed goal was to unravel multiple cultivars bioavailability to then combine and create a more robust and stronger entourage being pulled from multiple cultivars with specific bioavailability of cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids necessary to treat any specific indication. Indirectly the chart also identified inter-entourages, more importantly, “antagonistic” inter-entourages. By helping a patient describe their reactions, understand, identify and track terpenes and cannabinoids that cause specific reactions, the patient will be able to identify a profile that works for them, which gives an explanation and solution to identifying how to manage cannabis medication for the patient along with conclusion and thoughts.
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immunomodulation and Pathogenesis ofLeishmaniaand Other Protozoan Infections
Authors: Islek Zeynep , Turhan Bozkurt Batuhan , Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet , Sahin Fikrettin
Published: January 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lately emerged as crucial mediators in parasite infections. Recent research suggests that protozoan parasites, including Leishmania, employ EVs as transport vehicles to deliver biologically active effector molecules such as parasitic virulence factors to modulate the host immune system and their microenvironment. The immunomodulatory effects of EVs play an essential role in the formation and progression of parasitic diseases. The immunomodulatory strategies applied by EVs of protozoan origin have similarities to the development and progression of other infections or diseases such as cancer. In this chapter, we will provide recent insights into the role of EVs in host-pathogen interactions, intercellular-communication, immunomodulation and pathogenesis of Leishmania and other protozoan parasites, including Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma spp. and Trypanosoma spp. In addition, biologically inspired by the immunomodulation strategies of protozoan parasites, new immunotherapeutic models are being currently investigated to implement EVs more intensively in both therapy and diagnostics. Therefore, besides highlighting the role of EVs in protozoan infections, this chapter sheds light briefly on new immunotherapeutic approaches utilizing the strategies of protozoan EVs in medicine.
Comparative Analysis of Transient Dynamics of Large-Scale Offshore Wind Turbines with Different Foundation Structure under Seismic
Authors: Wang Peilin , Yue Minnan , Li Chun , Yan Yangtian , Niu Kailun , Pei Xinyu
Published: January 2022

In this paper, a structural dynamic response comparison between jacket foundation large-scale offshore wind turbines (OWTs) and monopile ones under wind and seismic loads is demonstrated. The interaction between flexible soil and pile foundation is described by Winkler soil-structure interaction (SSI) model. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW large-scale OWT is studied via the finite element model. The structural transient dynamic response of these two structures under normal operating conditions at rated wind speed and earthquake is calculated. The results show that under the action of seismic and turbulent wind, the jacket has better wind and seismic resistance, and the displacement of the top of the tower is small, which can effectively protect the blades and the nacelle. Compared with monopile, the range of the Mises equivalent stress amplitude of the jacket wind turbine was reduced and the average value was decreased at the time of the seismic. The study also found that the existing jacket design will have a local strain energy surge.
Dysphagia of Neurological Origin – Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Argente-Pla Maria , Garcia-Malpartida Katherine , Micó-García Andrea , Martín-Sanchis Silvia , Francisco Merino-Torres Juan
Published: January 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology that affects upper and lower motor neurons resulting in progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles. There are two forms of ALS: spinal motor neuron injury and bulbar paresis. Dysphagia is a highly prevalent severe and invalidating symptom in ALS: almost 80% of ALS patients with bulbar paresis will develop dysphagia. Also, dysphagia is one of the most common and serious complications, with respiratory insufficiency, in patients with ALS as it exposes them to malnutrition, dehydration and aspiration pneumonia. These conditions are reported to be associated with a minor survival in patients with ALS. Screening for dysphagia must be performed in all ALS patients at diagnosis and during the follow-up to approach dysphagia as soon as possible. This chapter includes the latest developments in the assessment and approach of dysphagia in ALS patients.
Evolution of Industry 4.0 and Its Implications for International Business
Authors: Mohiuddin Muhammad , Samim Al Azad Md. , Ahmed Selim , Ed-Dafali Slimane , Nurul Hasan Reza Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Industry 4.0 is the natural consequence of the techno-industrial development of the last decades. It has the huge potentiality to change the way globalization of manufacturing and consumption of goods and services that take place in the global markets. This chapter will focus on the evolution of Industry 4.0 and how this new technological framework will create values for firms and consumers, and how we can use it for a firm’s competitiveness and save them from the fallout of its development. An extensive literature review shows that the multi-faceted technology will hugely impact the global value chain, global supply chain, and new global division of labor (NGDL). It will reconfigure and re-distribute the business activities in the developing, emerging, and developed country markets and small and medium sizes firms and MNCs. The rapid development of technological and human capabilities can allow firms to reap benefits from this technology. At the same time, there are many challenges related to skill shortages, technological issues, business ethics, and values that need to be overcome to reap a profit from this new technological advancement.
Coalash as Sustainable Material for Low Energy Building
Authors: Ghosh Avijit
Published: January 2022

Sand, which is a naturally occurring soft mineral ranks second after water, as far as consumption is concerned globally. Due to rapid infrastructural development worldwide, particularly in Asian region, the rate of natural formation of sand has been found to be outpaced by rate of consumption, causing greater ecological imbalances. Coalash, an industrial waste from thermal power plants are polluting in nature, and legacy ash in huge proportion without proper utilization is posing a serious threat to the environment. It was ideated to replace sand by coalash in concrete and mortar mix, and to evaluate the physical and thermal properties for its suitability in low energy building construction. Without compromising strength criteria, thermal transmittance value is found to be reduced up to considerable extent, which resulted lesser cooling requirement with added economic benefit. This medium technology application could be one of the economic pathway towards Near Zero Building Construction.
Preparation and Applications of Nanocomposite Membranes for Water/Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ince Muharrem , Kaplan Ince Olcay
Published: January 2022

Because of scarcity of clean water all over the globe, it is leads to serious challenges to the survival of all living species. Advanced treatment of water/wastewater techniques such as filtration separation and ion exchange separation are necessary for degradable or non-biodegradable detrimental and hazardous wastes removal from water. Membrane technology is of critical importance to solve this vital problem. In membrane technology, nanocomposite membranes (NCMs) are the most preferred in terms of their convenience. These membranes and their constituent materials are eco-friendly, low-cost, and energy-efficient materials. Also they have operational flexibility and feasibility. The current study presents an overview of the progress in NCMs to treat water/wastewater. To prepare NCMs, various used methods are discussed. Also, to improve the mechanical, antibacterial, and adsorption, properties of NCMs have been investigated. The objective of this work was to summarize the removal of toxic wastes from water/wastewater using various NCMs and to emphasize the shortfalls, and future prospective of NCMs technology are highlighted.
Knowledge-Based Management: The Creative Power of Tacit Knowledge in the “Age of New Normal”
Authors: Grundstein Michel
Published: January 2022

Contrary to managerial habits expressed by the statement of an objective or a demand for immediate solutions defined a priori according to a deterministic paradigm, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis induced a reversal of thought and the transition to a constructivist paradigm. This approach, which integrates hazards uncertainty (the path is made by walking), promotes an identification of problems independent of any anticipation of solutions. Thus, it leads to a Knowledge-Based Management without a representation of a predefined world. Organizations become sociotechnical systems, which are condemned to a permanent transformation. The cooperation and the mobility become dominant ways of work, which rests on a permanent personal and collective learning. Beyond the information processed in the digital information systems, the creative power of the tacit knowledge, which is in each individual’s brain, cannot be ignored. Decision-makers are confronted to unknown situations, and managers placed in hybrid (face-to-face and remote) working modes have to pass from a posture of authority and of control to a posture of incitation, of support, and of accompaniment. The models that are introduced in this chapter result from a constructivist and sociotechnical vision of knowledge management. They emphasize the role of tacit knowledge in the “age of new normal.”
Novel Methods in the Diagnosis of PCOS: The Role of 3D Ultrasonographic Modalities
Authors: Ziogas Apostolos , Xydias Emmanouil , Tsakos Elias
Published: January 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complicated endocrine disorder, with its diagnosis based on clinical, laboratory and imaging criteria. The latter is usually assessed via two-dimensional ultrasound; however, the advent of three-dimensional ultrasound, along with three-dimensional power Doppler (3D-PD) could offer more accurate diagnoses and further our understanding of PCOS pathophysiology. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) has already been used successfully in many fields of gynecology. It offers improved image quality with stored data that can be processed either manually or automatically to assess many parameters useful in PCOS assessment, such as ovarian volume, number of follicles and vascular indices. The examination requires minimal time as data is assessed in post-processing, thus being more tolerable for the patient. 3D-US parameters are generally increased in PCOS patients when compared to controls and 2D measurements, with studies showing improved diagnostic performance, though that remains inconclusive. 3D transrectal ultrasound is more accurate in the diagnosis of virgin PCOS patients than the modalities currently available in that subgroup. Overall, though with some limitations, 3D-US is a promising diagnostic method in the assessment of PCOS which, regardless of diagnostic accuracy, can undoubtedly offer many practical advantages, more objective and reliable measurements, potentially improving PCOS diagnosis standardization.
Laparoscopic Findings of Rare Pediatric Inguinal Hernias
Authors: Ohno Michinobu , Fuchimoto Yasushi , Fujino Akihiro , Watanabe Toshihiko , Kanamori Yutaka
Published: January 2022

Pediatric inguinal hernias are caused to the patency of the processus vaginalis (PPV). The principle for the repair of indirect inguinal hernias in children consists of complete ligation of the PPV. Laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) has spread rapidly since it was reported by some groups from around 1998, and the number of institutions adopting this method as a standard procedure for pediatric inguinal hernia is increasing in Japan. Since the closure of PPV by laparoscopic surgery is popular, rare hernias in children can be observed from the abdominal cavity. We present the laparoscopic findings of rare pediatric inguinal hernias and report their experience.
The Role of the Pathologist in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Mahendra Gayana , Hewavisenthi Janaki
Published: January 2022

Pathologists have an essential and wide role in the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) which is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel with remissions and relapses. The initial diagnosis of UC itself is challenging as the histological features vary widely with the clinical phase of the disease. Differentiating UC from other types of acute and chronic colitis, especially Crohn’s disease is crucial in the management. Understanding the characteristic morphological features of UC as well as unusual morphological features of the disease are important in this task. The histological disease activity has now been identified as important in therapeutic decisions. There are several histological activity indices in UC and currently, the Nancy histological index has been recommended to be used in daily clinical practice. Identifying dysplasia associated with UC and its grading is a challenging task for the pathologist and it is a crucial step in the surveillance and management of this chronic disease.
Perspective Chapter: The Psychosocial Effects of Isolation and Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic – An Overview and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Burjaq Raghad , Hammoudeh Samer
Published: January 2022

There is no doubt that the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has changed the world in unprecedented ways. Among its turbulent effects, it has impacted many aspects of the lives of individuals, ranging from their mental health to finances. As such, it is essential to determine the psychosocial factors at play and examine how they have impacted the lives of people around the world. This chapter examines psychosocial factors, such as depression, anxiety, and stress, which have been on the rise. Furthermore, the interplay of mental health factors and other stressors brought on by the pandemic has led to the concern that cases of suicidal ideation are also increasing. In response to the stay-at-home orders, family members spent unprecedented amounts of time in close contact with one another, which has had mental health repercussions. In addition, changes in the format of lesson delivery have been stress-inducing and have robbed many students of proper education. Another factor is unemployment, which has been on the rise since the start of the pandemic. Finally, rates of sexual and domestic violence have also increased, significantly impacting women. Exercise, limiting media exposure, counseling, and maintaining social networks are the strategies that have been identified to mitigate the effects of the psychosocial factors discussed in this chapter.
Tumor Angiogenesis in Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Yoshida Daizo , Teramoto Akira
Published: January 2022

The role of angiogenesis in pituitary tumor development used to be questioned, since pituitary tumors have been usually found to be less vascularized than the normal pituitary tissue. Nevertheless, a significantly higher degree of vasculature has been shown in invasive or macropituitary prolactinomas when compared to noninvasive and microprolactinomas. We should know VEGF was found firstly in pituitary anterior lobe, then tumor angiogenesis must occur. Meanwhile the vascular arrangement raised by VEGF is irregular, that sometimes lead to pituitary apoplexy. In this chapter, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF), transcription factors regulating expression of several genes related to oxygen homeostasis are in response to hypoxic stress. We focus on tumor angiogenesis regulated by the signaling cascade in tumor angiogenesis in pituitary tumor.
Multifunctional Roles of PVP as a Versatile Biomaterial in Solid State
Authors: Bejaoui Marouene , Galai Haykel , Touati Fathi , Kouass Salah
Published: January 2022

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has proven to be a highly versatile material, as evidenced by its long history as multifunctional biomaterial with a wide range of high-performance applications (e.g., tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and ophthalmologic applications). PVP was frequently used in medical and pharmaceutical field due to its several interesting properties (higher glass transition temperature, water solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical stability, very good adhesive, and emulsifying agent). This chapter highlights the multifunctional roles of PVP in pharmaceutical formulations in solid state. In fact, PVP acted as a stabilizing agent for various amorphous drug molecules by minimizing their molecular mobility. Physical stabilization resulted from the reinforcement of intermolecular interactions in binary or ternary systems due to the synergetic effect of PVP. This made it possible to overcome several challenges for drug formulations (e.g., solubility and bioavailability weakness, physical instability under stress conditions, complexation efficiency of cyclodextrin molecules). In this chapter, the effect of PVP on the binary solid dispersion (indomethacin:kaolin) is discussed. We have shown that PVP enhanced physical stability of amorphous indomethacin under stress conditions (at RH: 75% and T = 40°C for three months), leading to the improvement of drug aqueous solubility by suppressing kaolin adsorption effect.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci Special Emphasis on Methicillin Resistance among Companion Livestock and Its Impact on Human Health in Rural India
Authors: Jangra Sweta , Khunger Sandhya , Chattopadhya Debasish
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat worldwide. Inappropriate and irrational use of antibiotics are the responsible causes for the development of AMR in the pathogenic microorganisms. In the developing countries like India the data encountered a higher burden of resistance in the rural communities. In such scenario the AMR may lead to difficulty in treatment of various ailments among human as well as companion livestock. In India cows and buffalo are considered as companion livestock. However the definition of companion livestock is slightly different in the developed countries. Most of the rural population in India is dependent on the livestock for their livelihood as the dairy farming in the rural community may contribute in the financial status of the rural population. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the foremost causative agent of skin and soft tissues infections among humans as well as in companion livestock. The situation is further complicated by methicillin resistance in S. aureus. The carriage of MRSA by humans and companion livestock may lead to further AMR spread to the community. In the civic health point of view, it is important to initiate appropriate interventions to tackle the problem at the rural population.
Longitudinal Comparison of Automated SARS-CoV-2 Serology Assays in Assessing Virus Neutralization Capacity in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera
Authors: Niedrist Tobias , Drexler Camilla , Torreiter Patrick Paul , Matejka Julia , Strahlhofer-Augsten Manuela , Kral Sabrina , Riegler Skaiste , Gülly Christian , Zurl Christoph , Kriegl Lisa , Krause Robert , Berghold Andrea , Steinmetz Ivo , Schlenke Peter , Herrmann Markus
Published: January 2022

Context.—

Serologic tests on automated immunology analyzers are increasingly used to monitor acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The heterogeneity of assays raises concerns about their diagnostic performance and comparability.

Objective.—

To test sera from formerly infected individuals for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by using 6 automated serology assays and a pseudoneutralization test (PNT).

Design.—

Six SARS-CoV-2 serology assays were used to assess 954 samples collected during a 12-month period from 315 COVID-19 convalescents. The tests determined either antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid (anti-NC) or spike protein (anti-S). Two assays did not distinguish between antibody classes, whereas the others selectively measured immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. PNT was used to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies.

Results.—

Comparison of qualitative results showed only slight to moderate concordance between the assays (Cohen κ < 0.57). Significant correlations (P < .001) were observed between the antibody titers from all quantitative assays. However, titer changes were not detected equally. A total anti-S assay measured an increase in 128 of 172 cases (74%) of a suitable subset, whereas all IgG anti-S tests reported decreases in at least 118 (69%). Regarding the PNT results, diagnostic sensitivities of 89% or greater were achieved with positive predictive values of at least 93%. In contrast, specificity changed substantially over time, varying from 20% to 100%.

Conclusions.—

Comparability of serologic SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests is rather poor. Owing to different diagnostic specificities, the tested assays were not equally capable of capturing changes in antibody titers. However, with thoroughly validated cutoffs, IgG-selective anti-S assays are a reliable surrogate test for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in former COVID-19 patients.
Regional analysis of COVID-19 mortality in Serbia
Authors: Marinković Ivan
Published: January 2022

The pandemic generated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus should be viewed as a severe public health threat because, in the first ten months of its existence, over 3 million people perished worldwide. According to available data, mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic is markedly different across countries but also within them. In the analysis of the consequences of the mortality pandemic in Serbia in 2020, the final data of vital statistics published by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia were used. The results of the research are presented at all territorial statistical-administrative levels (except the settlement level). The research showed that the highest intensity of deaths due to the new disease is in the south of the country and larger city centers (Belgrade, Nis, Kragujevac). Vojvodina and the districts and municipalities that belong to it have the most favorable values in Serbia. The quality of mortality data by cause of death varies considerably at different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the primary cause of death. As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on more intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations, so it can be stated that the rate of transmission is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia, than the level of available health care or age structure. different statistical-administrative levels, primarily with the underreporting of COVID-19 as the leading cause of death (a striking example is the Kolubara district). As a more reliable indicator of the impact of the pandemic on the total mortality of the population, excess mortality indicates a record-high increase in mortality in 2020 in Presevo, Sjenica, and Novi Pazar. Once virus transmission takes root in the community, parts of the country with high intergenerational contacts can see the faster infection rate. The difference between the northern part of Serbia and the southern part in mortality due to COVID-19 is potentially based on higher intergenerational contacts and more pronounced population migrations. It can be stated that the degree of transmission of the infection is a more important determinant of mortality in the population of different parts of Serbia than the level of available health care or age structure.
Covid -19 and fertility in Serbia: Rough pandemic impact assessment
Authors: Vasić Petar
Published: January 2022

Past evidence on fertility responses to external shocks, including economic recessions and outbreaks of infectious diseases, shows that people often put their childbearing plans on hold in uncertain times. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced a wide spectrum of everyday life, from employment, financial wellbeing, uncertainty and health concerns, to work and family reconciliation, dating, marrying, and family planning, thus we may expect certain effect on fertility rates too. The possible impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the birth aggregate during 2021 in Serbia will be calculated based on three different methodologies: Bertillon Birth Effect methodology (BBE), Kearney and Levine (2020) methodology, and Pandemic Wave Impact methodology (PWI - as a newly proposed methodology approach). The primary aim of the paper is to show a potential range of influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the total number of live births in Serbia during 2021, and the secondary aim is to test our presumptions that this impact mustn't always be negative and that the impact of the pandemic is weakening during the lifespan of the outbreak.
Main characteristics of the organized screening program for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Jovanović Verica , Naumović Tamara
Published: January 2022

The paper aims to provide a descriptive, detailed review of the organized screening programs for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia. In this research, data from the Regulations on the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer and Colorectal Cancer were used, as well as published and unpublished data from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer is carried out on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the form of an organized decentralized program. Cervical cancer screening program encompasses women aged 25-64 years; the breast cancer screening program covers women aged 50-69 years; and the colorectal cancer screening program is offered to men and women aged 50-74 years. All three screening programs aim to cover at least 75% of the target population. The screening cycle for cervical cancer is three years, and for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, two years. The screening test used in the organized cervical cancer screening program is the PAP test; for breast cancer, the screening methodology relies on mammography; and for colorectal cancer, the screening program involves an immunohistochemical FOB test. Organized screening for cervical and breast cancers are offered through gynaecology specialists, while the organized screening for colorectal cancer is provided through the family physician, a medical doctor (or general medicine specialist) at the health centre. Organized cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening programs represent a key activity at all levels of the healthcare system for early detection, prevention and reduction of mortality from malignant diseases. All programs are a part of continual healthcare activities in the Republic of Serbia, as a highly efficient cancer control strategy.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in healthy Serbian middle-aged subjects: Preliminary data
Authors: Bećarević Mirjana , Jovičić Snežana , Ignjatović Svetlana , Mirković Duško
Published: January 2022

Background: The investigation of the prevalence of the IgG and the IgM isotypes of anticardiolipin (aCL) and antib2glycoprotein I (ab2gpI) Abs in healthy Serbian middleaged subjects was the main goal of our study. In addition, we analyzed the potential associations of above-mentioned Abs with serum proteins and lipids/lipoproteins. Methods: Forty healthy subjects were included in our study. Obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) was present in 8/40 (20%) subjects. Titers of analyzed Abs were measured by ELISA. Results: The prevalence of IgG and IgM ab2gpI Abs was 5% and 12.5%, respectively, while the prevalence of IgM aCL was 10%. The IgG ab2gpI Abs were significantly different between subjects with normal triglycerides levels and those with hypertriglyceridemia (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.014). The significant difference in hsCRP concentrations was observed between subjects with the increased levels of the IgM isotype of aCL Abs and those with normal IgM aCL values (Mann-Whitney, P = 0.028). Conclusions: Dyslipidemia and BMI ≥30 were associated with aPL Abs and therefore, the correction of BMI and lipid status might be beneficial in reduction or elimination of predisposing factors that might trigger thrombotic events in otherwise healthy middle-aged subjects. Larger national study is necessary to confirm our findings.
Influence of physical activity on degree of depression, anxiety and stress in students of University of Belgrade - Faculty of Medicine
Authors: Lazarević Uroš , Drljačić Dragana , Bojović Miloš , Milosavljević Srđan
Published: January 2022

Mental health problems have become increasingly present among students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of physical activity (PA) on the manifestation of the symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (DAS) in medical students. The sample of examinees included 89 students (59 female [F] and 30 male [M] students), from the first to the sixth year of studies at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, aged 22 ± 3,3. The measuring instruments were a short version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The obtained results indicate that average scores fall into the category of normal degree of depression and anxiety, and a moderate degree of stress, whereby F show higher scores on the anxiety scale (x2 = 8.36, p = 0.004). Different scores were noted among students of different years of study on the depression scale (F = 2.515, p = 0.036), as well the anxiety scale (F = 3.594, p = 0.005), but not on the stress scale (F = 1.55, p = 0.183). Total PA was assessed as moderate (median [interval] = 2613 [462-11931] MET-min/week), whereby M significantly more frequently engage in high intensity activities (x2 = 7.69, p = 0.006). The research also recorded a small positive correlation between sedentary activities and stress symptoms in F (ro = 0.282, p = 0.030), while small negative correlation was noted in M between moderate PA and depression symptoms (ro = -0.279, p = 0.033). The research results indicate that total PA and the degree of DAS in examined students is at a satisfactory level.
Effect of inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on soybean seed yield and composition
Authors: Stajković-Srbinović Olivera , Kuzmanović Đorđe , Rasulić Nataša , Knežević Magdalena , Ugrenović Vladan , Buntić Aneta , Delić Dušica
Published: January 2022

In the field experiment, the effect of co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and two Pseudomonas sp. strains on seed yield and macronutrient uptake in soybean (Glycine max L.) was evaluated. The results showed that inoculation and co-inoculation of soybean seeds with B. japonicum and Pseudomonas sp. strains increased seed yield (from 65 up to 134%), and uptake of N, P, K, Mg, and Ca (kg ha-1 ) (from 65 to 167%), compared to the control plants (uninoculated, non-fertilized plants). Phosphorous concentration (mg kg-1 ) was increased in inoculated and co-inoculated treatments (up to 15%), compared to the control. The N%, as well as the concentrations of K and Ca, did not differ significantly among treatments and control. Magnesium concentrations were increased in mineral fertilized and co-inoculated treatments. Uptake of all nutrients was in significant correlation with seed yield, while the concentration of P only correlated with seed yield. The results showed that coinoculation with bradyrhizobial and some phosphate solubilizing bacteria can increase the seed yield and uptake of N and P in soybean.
Application of Advanced Sectional Profiles in the Design of Propulsors and Ship Appendages
Authors: Zondervan Gert-Jan D. , Holtrop Jan
Published: January 2022

In modern ship design problems related to cavitation can be solved successfully by properly designing the surfaces of propeller blades, rudders, shaft struts, etc. When the cavitation is of a limited nature, optimization of the geometry with respect to the inception of cavitation can lead to a significant reduction of the extent of the cavitation.

This paper describes { a practical method which is routinely used at the Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) in the design process of sectional profiles of propeller blades, waterjet impellers, propeller shaft struts, fins, and other hull appendages. The method is based on a parametric representation of the thickness and camber distributions in combination with a search algorithm and a two-dimensional panel method for analysis of the cavitation inception performance of the sectional profiles.

Recent experience of MARIN is presented with the application of optimized sectional profiles in propeller blade designs and the shaft struts of high-speed vessels. The design method leads to excellent cavitation-inception properties, which is of particular importance for naval propellers. As long as the cavitation is of a moderate extent, the method is able to substantially reduce the risk of cavitation erosion and the magnitude of the hull-pressure fluctuations. However, there are also indications that once the cavitation is fully developed, the use of the optimization procedure can lead to profiles with a higher risk of erosion and more fluctuating cavitation.
Experiences using a Coupled Viscous/Potential-Flow Unsteady Propeller Analysis Procedure
Authors: Black Scott , Michael Thad
Published: January 2022

Software developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the unsteady propeller analysis and effective wake calculation has been transitioned to the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. The lifting surface propeller software is designed to be coupled with a three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow code. . The basic philosophy of the coupling remains the same, but the procedure for the coupling was largely revised and validated by the authors. Sample cases for the coupled lifting-surface/RANS analysis package are included in this paper and compared with experimental data. These sample cases show that this analysis procedure has great potential for the computation of propulsor maneuvering forces.