bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por dentro do panamericanismo e do interamericanismo
Authors: Faria Rodrigo de
Published: December 2022

Muito já se escreveu sobre os projetos político-culturais identitários, com interpretações realizadas com as mais diversas fontes documentais e pressupostos metodológicos particularmente no campo da história intelectual e dos intelectuais, das ideias, história política, história social e cultural. Neste trabalho o interesse maior é problematizar o lugar dos saberes sobre a cidade, especialmente o saber urbanístico, no debate sobre o panamericanismo e o latinoamericanismo. Elaborar perguntas para pensar de que forma a cidade latinoamericana e os problemas urbanos vigentes entre os séculos XIX e XX presentes no debate profissional de Arquitetos, Urbanistas e Planejadores estariam também inseridos nas discussões identitária sobre panamericanismo e latinoamericanismo, principalmente a partir das ideias e proposições que ocorreram em instituições criadas no âmbito panamericanista entre as décadas de 1930 e 1950.
Coreografias pedestres
Authors: Marques Diego
Published: December 2022

À luz das teorias da performance (BASTOS, 2017; HAN, 2017; HARNEY; MOTEN, 201; LEPECKI, 2011; 2016) em diálogo com teóricas feministas (BROWN, 2017; BUTLER, 2015; LUGONES, 2003), o presente artigo faz uma leitura crítica do elogio às caminhadas pelas cidades feito pelo filósofo e historiador francês Michel de Certeau. Ao nos afastarmos do referencial linguístico e nos aproximarmos da dimensão coreográfica, apresentamos a noção de coreografia pedestre a fim de repensarmos a politicidade do ato de andar a pé pelas cidades. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve análise das coreografias pedestres dos transeuntes, a fim de demonstrarmos como aquilo que temos chamado de anestética corporal urbana (MARQUES, 2017) pode ser lida como um indício da implementação de uma certa logística no chão do urbano, no que tem sido chamado de Era da performance.
O caso “leia hilda”
Authors: Perna Marianna , Costa Felipe Marcondes da
Published: December 2022

Este texto se debruça sobre o caso das inscrições “leia hilda”, que surgiram pixadas em muros da cidade de São Paulo no primeiro semestre de 2018. A intervenção urbana obteve repercussão, sobretudo por meio da apropriação feita pela editora Companhia das Letras em sua campanha de divulgação da Flip - Festa Literária Internacional de Paraty, que, em 2018, teve Hilda Hilst como autora homenageada. A partir de outros casos de tentativa de apropriação de trabalhos artísticos por parte de empresas, reflete-se sobre eixos que tangem arte urbana, autoria, mercado da arte e capitalismo.
Industrialização, urbanização e eletrificação de São Paulo
Authors: Soares Raiana Schirmer
Published: December 2022

A industrialização e a urbanização da cidade de São Paulo são processos síncronos à expansão da cafeicultura e do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no Estado de São Paulo. O papel da eletricidade neste contexto, no entanto, carece de maior compreensão. O presente artigo teve como objetivo analisar por meio da revisão bibliográfica, o processo de eletrificação da cidade de São Paulo de forma a analisar de que forma ela foi impulsionada pela industrialização e urbanização do município, bem como analisar em que medida a mesma impulsionou estes processos. O artigo demonstra que, para além de ser um desdobramento dos melhoramentos na cidade, a eletricidade teve um papel fundamental na consolidação do seu processo de industrialização de São Paulo, bem como na construção de um novo uso da cidade.
VARIASI BAHASA DALAM INTERAKSI BARISTA COFFEE SHOP DI KECAMATAN GUBENG KOTA SURABAYA: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Imelda Fahmi Arizki , Sartini Ni Wayan
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan variasi bahasa yang digunakan barista coffee shop yang ada di Kecamatan Gubeng Kota Surabaya serta menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pemakaian variasi bahasa dalam komunikasinya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripstif kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data berupa kata-kata yang menyangkut adanya variasi bahasa sesuai data yang ada di lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni menggunakan sistem simak, rekam, dan catat berupa tuturan percakapan antara barista coffee shop yang melayani pembelinya. Lokasi penelitian yang diteliti ialah sepuluh coffee shop yang ada di Kecamatan Gubeng Kota Surabaya. Sesuai dengan hasil yang didapat dari lapangan, variasi bahasa yang digunakan oleh barista dan pembelinya pada saat di coffee shop yakni menggunakan bahasa informal. Seringnya penggunaan bahasa informal pada saat melakukan pelayanan di coffee shop dikarenakan banyaknya pengunjung dari kalangan remaja yang datang ke coffee shop untuk berkumpul bersama teman-temannya. Dalam komunikasi yang terjadi di coffee shop terdapat adanya bahasa campuran yang menjadi ciri dari variasi bahasa yang ada di coffee shop. Bahasa campuran yang terjadi di coffee shop yakni adanya bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Jawa, bahasa Jawa dengan bahasa Indonesia, penutur dan mitra tutur yang keduanya menggunakan menggunakan bahasa Jawa, dan bahasa Slang. Adanya bentuk variasi bahasa yang terjadi di coffee shop dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yakni faktor usia, faktor keakraban, faktor jenis kelamin, dan faktor situasional       Kata kunci : barista, coffee shop, informal, sosiolinguistik, variasi bahasa
Roles and Tasks of Korean Classical Literature in Metaverse Era
Authors:   The Research Of The Korean Classic, Baek Jin-woo
Published: December 2022

After the COVID-19 pandemic, the ‘metaverse’ has emerged as an important topic in various fields of our society. Translated into ‘transcendent world’ or ‘virtual world’ in Korean, this term reproduces various activities of people similar to reality in a virtual space that seems to have copied the real world. In this context, discussions on metaverse utilization are already actively underway in various fields. In this paper, the role and tasks of Korean classical literature in the metaverse world have been discussed. On the contrary, it is also a discussion about how to use the metaverse in Korean classical literature. To this end, this paper first discussed the changes in the learning environment and the problem of learning subjects that the digital generation faced. Unlike the past, the digital generation has positioned itself as a ‘learning subject’ rather than a ‘educational object’, and has the characteristic of becoming a ‘content producer’ rather than a ‘content consumer’. Next, based on these characteristics, the role and tasks of Korean classical literature in the metaverse era were examined. First, on the premise of accurately interpreting and understanding individual works of classical literature, the reasons for moving from the sharing of universal emotions to personal acceptance were discussed. Next, considering the characteristics that variations and processing are easy in the metaverse world, the possibility of using classical literature as a learning material was examined. The concept of the metaverse is not yet familiar to everyone. In particular, it is an even more unfamiliar concept to classical literature majors. However, it is necessary to make efforts to enhance the modern value and utility of classical literature by using a platform familiar to the digital generation.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISCURSIVE CONSTRUCTION “STUDENTS OF COVID-19 ERA”
Authors: Skënderi Rakipllari Elsa
Published: December 2022

The present paper aims to analyse the discursive construction students of COVID-19 (era), which has been broadly used as a label to refer to all the students, who were shifted to online education due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Following the critical discourse analysis theoretical approach, we examine the discursive planes that have built and reinforced this discursive construction. The paper focuses on three main planes that have reinforced this discourse construction: the science (s) plane, (online) media plane, and the everyday life plane. The scientific discourse on education has emphasized the detrimental effects the pandemic has had and is expected to have on learners. Moreover, traditional, online, and social media have continuously pointed to the negative impact of the pandemic on the academic performance of students. Especially social media has been using a very powerful tool to convey this kind of discursive stance, i.e., memes. The everyday life plane has also played a role in the discursive construction of students of the COVID-19 era by bringing up and building upon the real-life experiences of the learning loss that students have been facing. The paper analyses representative discursive fragments from all the above-mentioned discourse planes, to shed more light on the students of COVID-19 discursive construction, as a pathologizing label used for a whole generation of learners affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key words: COVID-19, discourse, discursive construction, learning loss, students.
TERMINOLOGY OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING BY MEANS OF BINARY TEXTS: LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND TRANSLATION ASPECTS
Authors: Kolomiiets Svitlana , Turenko Olga
Published: December 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of cognitive and translational aspects of studying English and Ukrainian terminology of biomedical engineering. It is noted that the specialized language of such an interdisciplinary field as biomedical engineering contains concepts that concentrate specific knowledge of technical, medical and topically scientific experience. In cognitive linguistics, concepts are considered in connection with the background knowledge. The specialized language of biomedical engineering is presented as a cognitive-communicative organization of concepts, notions and related terms in such highly specialized fields as bioinstrumentation, biomedical cybernetics, biomechanics, system physiology, rehabilitation engineering, diagnosis of diseases and disorders, etc. It is argued that biomedical engineering is primarily focused on the latest advances in technology and medicine to develop new devices and equipment to improve human health. It is emphasized that the linguistic-cognitive analysis of binary specialized texts is a relevant method for compiling thematic highly specialized dictionaries, taking into account the relevance, intensive development of the researched modern field, as well as the fact that information from foreign sources in the theoretical aspect is not sufficiently represented in the Ukrainian translation. Translators should always take into account the following context criteria in the translation process: linguistic context, situational context and cognitive context. Based on the comparative analysis of binary texts – texts of the same genre and issue – the concept “sleep disturbance” is considered as a certain matrix of the terminological base of the concepts of the specified issue and basis for compiling highly specialized thematic mini-dictionaries.
Keywords: biomedical engineering; specialized language; concept; term; translation; specialized terminology glossaries;binary texts.
PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF IRISH LINGUISTIC REALITIES INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors: Shepelieva Olena , Demydenko Olga , Mazepa Kateryna
Published: December 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of the translation of Irish linguistic realities into Ukrainian based on the analysis of English-language fiction, because this is one of the areas of linguistics that is developing very actively. It is emphasized that the transmission of extra-linguistic reality by words-realities is one of the most difficult problems in the theory and practice of translation, which includes not only the translation aspect, but also country studies, intercultural communication, etc. It is noted that culturally marked lexemes are used to indicate the color of a particular nation, represent certain aspects of its mentality. Such words/phrases mostly have no counterparts in other languages and require special attention and meticulousness in rendering them in the target language. A popular method used to interpret and systematize theoretical material is the method of analysis and synthesis. The problems of adequate translation of the Irish nationally marked vocabulary in the Ukrainian reproduction are also clarified, and the typology of Irish realities during translation is characterized. The research of Irish realities, the results of which are briefly presented in this article, was conducted on the materials of historical monuments of the Irish people (sagas, rocks) and the novel of the Irish writer Donal Ryan “The Spinning Heart”. The translation analysis proved that the translation of realities can be done with the help of various translation methods, but the most used are transcription and transliteration, tracing and semi-tracing, descriptive method with interpretation, clarification, semantic Ukrainian counterpart. Among the peculiarities of the transfer of Irish realities into the Ukrainian language, attention should also be paid to sociolinguistic and cultural aspects. The linguistic and cultural dimension involves working with two important parts of this issue: linguistic and cultural.
Keywords: reality; classification of culturally marked units; Irish realities; methods of translating Irish realities; Fiction.
GRAMMATICAL AND SYNTACTIC PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH MILITARY AND POLITICAL TEXTS INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors: Gudmanian Artur , Halytska Khrystyna
Published: December 2022

The article is focused on the study of grammatical and syntactic features of the translation of English-language military and political texts. Due to the specific communicative and functional orientation, the specialized language of the military sphere operates within three functional language styles (official, journalistic and scientific). The preference for one of these styles varies according to the topic of communication. The study of the translation of military texts is relevant, considering the Russian war with Ukraine and the tense political situation in Europe. More and more linguists are investigating this kind of discourse. The purpose of the article is to analyze the use of transformations in the translation of English military-political texts at the grammatical and syntactic levels. The object of the research is textual units of English and Ukrainian texts on military and political topics. Military and political articles, books served as the research material. In the course of the study, characteristic grammatical and syntactic features of military-political texts were analyzed. Having analyzed English texts on military and political topics, we conclude that the grammatical level is characterized by the use of transformations, for example, modulation (army artillery – польова артилерія), tracing (avenue of approach), explication or descriptive translation (Air Defense Artillery anti-aircraft artillery), transliteration (NATO), generalization and specification (attack by fire). Regarding the syntactic component, it should be noted that military-political texts are distinguished by the use of simple, impersonal sentences and the use of imperative voice.
Keywords: grammatical features; syntactic features; specialized language of military sphere; translation transformations; translation methods; military and political texts.
CHARACTER OF MUSICIAN IN KAZUO ISHIGURO’S SHORT STORIES AND THEIR UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS
Authors: Vorobyova Olga , Deineko Oksana
Published: December 2022

This paper addresses the issue of musician’s character in the short stoires by Kazuo Ishiguor, a well-known British writer, and their translations into Ukrainian. The paper aims to define author-specific cognitive and stylistic features of construing the character of musician by depicting his verbal portrait, interpreting his behaviour, emotions, and actions through the lens of human personality. The analysis resulted in singling out and systematising a set of key concepts and conceptual metaphors, pertaining to the characters of musicians in Ishiguro’s five short stories included in “Nocturnes: Five Stories of Music and Nightfall”. Among these concepts are LIFE, LOVE, FRIENDSHIP, MARRIAGE, MUSIC, SUCCESS, CAREER, etc. Within the range of conceptual metaphors that find their manifestation in the texts under analysis prevail those, which are associated with various facets of life, love, and music. As a result, several kinds of conceptual metaphors were identified: global, e.g., LIFE IS MUSIC, conventionally used (local), e.g., MUSIC IS INSPIRATION, paradoxical, e.g., LOVE IS А FAREWELL, mirror-like, e.g., LIFE IS MUSIC– MUSIC IS LIFE, and the author’s (idiosyncrаtic) ones, e.g., MUSIC IS A NIGHTFALL. Though recreating literary characters by other languages should embrace all textual levels, the translation of musicians’ verbal portraits in the Ukrainian version of Ishiguro’s short stories under study is mostly affected by their syntax. The choice of syntactical constructions is to a great extent determined by the personages’ professional sphere as part of respective cultural context. Thus, with regards to musicians’ characters the stories under translation abound in grammatical transformations − transpositions: (і) word transposition; (іі) transposition of phrases and word-combinations; and (ііі) transposition of elements within a complex sentence − and substitutions.
Кeywords: character of musician; conceptual metaphor; literary translation; verbal portrait; grammatical transformations.
GNOSEOLOGICAL COMPONENT IN THE FORMATION OF CIVIC IDENTITY OF STUDENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Kravchenko Tetiana
Published: December 2022

The article characterizes the gnoseological component of the British student’s civic identity, which contains a complex of knowledge in various areas, including politics, history, economics, the environment and sustainable development. Three main groups of knowledge are highlighted, among which: knowledge of oneself and critical self-understanding, knowledge and critical understanding of language and communication, knowledge and critical understanding of the world. It is noted that the gnoseological component of civic identity provides knowledge of the surrounding world and oneself in this world in general and in one’s country and community in particular, contributing to successful interaction with other people. It is emphasized that the very concept of democracy is inextricably linked with the concept of “civic identity” in the sense that democratic processes in the state, as a rule, depend on the citizens’ informed and active civic position. It has been found that British educators consider high-quality civic education throughout life as a necessary basis for the formation of the civic identity of an individual. The author summarizes that the formation of the civic identity of students in Great Britain is gaining more and more focus, emphasizing the role of democratic values and human rights in today’s conditions, which are based on the need to support a sustainable society, economy and ecosystems, as well as the practice of a sustainable lifestyle of each person. Therefore, it is important to educate informed, responsible, active citizens who are able to contribute to a peaceful, tolerant, inclusive and safe society.
Keywords: gnoseological component; civic identity; civic position; democratic values; knowledge; critical understanding; students of higher education institutions in Great Britain.
MULTIMODALITY OF MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTERNET COMMUNICATION
Authors: Tkachyk Olena , Zakharchenko Nadiia
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to a critical review of modern works of leading Ukrainian and foreign researchers focused on the study of English-language Internet communication. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the Internet has given users an unprecedented freedom of communicative action, which did not exist in the former historical forms of communication, which overcomes geographical distances and social differences. A comprehensive analysis of the main characteristics and features of the functioning of Internet communication elements was carried out. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of multimodality – one of the main features of Internet communication, which involves the use of several means or channels of information transmission. Multimodality describes communication in terms of the textual, audiovisual, linguistic, and spatial modes that are involved in composing and transmitting a message. Multimodal communication uses various semiotic modes, which are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of transmission and reception of messages. The functions of multimodal Internet text are considered, as well as the linguistic features of communication through the Internet, examples are given. While speech is the central code, non-verbal components also play an important role in the process of information transfer. The audiovisual component is a catalyst for the receiver's full perception of the broadcasted information. Multimodal linguistics is just emerging and is beginning to answer the question of the congruence of the functioning of all elements of Internet communication. Without a doubt, it is a necessary and important direction of modern linguistics, which studies the regularities of communication in the network.
 Keywords: Internet communication; Internet linguistics; multimodality; communication; modern Internet technologies.
METHODS OF FORMATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN
Authors: Mukhanova Olena , Tikan Yana , Kupchak Inna
Published: December 2022

The article considered the peculiarities of genre-style dominance and lexical-grammatical peculiarities of the translation of English-language medical texts. The main ways of reproducing English-language medical texts using the Ukrainian language are analyzed, common translation transformations are identified. Medical terminology occupies a significant place in lexicology, although it has not yet been fully studied, but in everyday life people often resort to its use. Modern professional medical text translation is one of the most difficult translations in translation practice, and the translation of special terminology is extremely important, as medical terminology is regularly updated with new names and definitions. Medical terminology is defined by strictly limited, conceptual and structural determinism, unity and integrity, which does not allow the blurring of its boundaries, which sometimes poses a problem for translators. Medical terminology in the English language is a subsystem of the vocabulary of the commonly used literary language. The term has certain properties that determine its nature, including: ambiguity, consistency of the term with the concept it denotes, systematicity, lack of emotional coloring, brevity. The defining function of the term distinguishes it from commonly used vocabulary.
Keywords: translation; medical terminology; medical discourse; medical text; translation transformations; scientific style.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF THE FRONT OF THE FORCE FIELD IN THE SYSTEM OF ELONGATED CHARGES
Authors: Kravets Viktor , Sagalo Bogdan , Shukurov Azar
Published: December 2022

Purpose and task is to study the nature of the formation of the force field in the heel region by the interaction of the upper end parts of adjacent charges.Research results. Based on the fact that outside the zone of plastic deformations the force field is created by stresses close to elastic, analytical studies used a simplified computing apparatus based on known data on the shape and numerical values of force and time parameters of a single pulse from a single cylindrical charge of a given mass and length. The main results. The regularities of the formation of the force field in the boundary zones of action of the system of adjacent elongated charges are considered. The phenomenon of field degradation observed near the end part of the charges, which has a negative effect on the overall mechanical effect of the mass explosion, is analyzed.Conclusions and practical consequences. The shape of the total field of maximum stresses on the middle axis between adjacent charges initiated simultaneously from the lower end should have manifestations of the cumulative effect in the area of the upper end areas of adjacent charges.Therefore, after the inclined counter power fronts, counter mass shifts should take place, generally directed towards the superbore layer of the rock mass at the level of the stamping. The technique of forming upward movements in the intercharging volume of the rock is a new technological element that takes over the experience of conducting mass blasting operations according to an effective traditional system of switching a network of wells in the form of a horizontal wedge or trapezoidal cut. Such a traditional scheme initiates successive pairwise counter mass shifts with short decelerations in the direction of the lateral slope of the ledge. In contrast to this scheme, the new technology of mass explosion is based on a combined technique of simultaneous lower charge initiation in groups of 2-3 rows and the use of traditional short decelerations between groups to prevent excessive seismic effect. Thus, in groups the combined scheme of KSP "vertical wedge" which promotes additional destruction of the top layer of the planted rock block and reduction of an exit ofoversized fraction at the level of a stamping is realized.Keywords: charges, cumulative effect, rock mass, intercharging volume, explosion, seismic effect, vertical wedge.
PROCESSING OF BULK AND ROD MATERIALS IN COMBINED VESSELS
Authors: Trofymova Olena , Felonenko Stanislav , Hubkina Viktoriia
Published: December 2022

Purpose and task is making research on the dynamics of a vibrating installation to process tubular materials and the kinematics of their movement (circulation) in hemispherical chambers.

Methodology. To achieve the target goal, an expert assessment of existing approaches to methods of processing bulk and rod materials in air and liquid environments has been carried out.

Research methods. Using vibrations for heat treatment of bulk and tubular materials makes it possible to intensify the heat exchange process, significantly reduce processing time, save fuel and electricity consumption, improve product quality, reduce costs on maintenance and environmental protection. The materials of theoretical studies on vibrating machine dynamics under different types of working body oscillations and the number of vibration drives are presented. Analytical dependences of vibration parameters have been obtained.

The main results. Using vibrations to develop highly reliable and efficient technological units incorporating the performance of low technological operations in one device.

Conclusions and practical significance. Based on the analysis of vibrating machines with a liquid environment, the results of research aimed at improving technologies and appropriate technical means to process bulk, lump and rod materials in air and liquid environments are provided. The solution of linear differential equations resulted in obtaining amplitude parameters of steady oscillations of an installation working body with relevance to the movement of working camera points and the installation angular oscillations as well. It has been proved that the amplitude of the vertical oscillations of the point is equal to the amplitude of the circular oscillations of the installation gravity center. Obtained rational trajectories of installation point oscillations to determine rational parameters are based on the requirements of material processing technology. The developed calculation methods can be used while studying machine dynamics of other types of a similar class containing liquid in the working space. Installation design makes it possible to adjust the oscillation amplitude and the nature of the trajectory of the installation working body points within wide limits.

Keywords: rod or bulk material, motion kinematics, processing, vibrating machines, vibration trajectories, liquid, or air environment.
EXPERIENCE IN STRENGTHENING UNDERGROUND PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WATER-SATURATED CITY SOILS
Authors: Tuhanov Hirei
Published: December 2022

Purpose: to analyze the problem of subsidence of vertical and horizontal elements of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of the city of Kyiv (Intersection of Mineralna – Ukrainian streets) taking into account the water-logged structure of the soil. Find a modern solution to this problem using a scientific approach. Using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing, identify the most deformed areas in the elements of the joints of vertical and horizontal structures for further processing and drawing a conclusion for the elimination of similar ones in the future.Methodology: in order to establish the reasons that caused the deformation of structures, to solve the task of engineering survey of the technical condition of their reinforced concrete structures with an instrumental survey of the actual strength, geometry and monitoring of uneven precipitation. Based on the results of field and chamber work, a complex ofstrengthening and restoration engineering and technical measures was developed and recommended to the customer for implementation, taking into account the requirements. Originality: the article provides an example of the implementation of the construction of the foundations of underground pedestrian crossings erected on water-saturated soils in complex engineering and geological conditions using construction water subsidence, usingtechnological methods, with the aim of excluding uneven deformations of foundation sediments above the zones of depression funnels from water subsidence or artificial foundations from vertical cement-soil reinforcing elements, the frontal part of which must be wrapped in reliable base soils.Findings and practical implications. The sealing of horizontal and vertical technological and sedimentary-temperature seams in the construction of foundations, walls and the covering of underground structures should be carried out using modern types of hydraulic plugs that perceive the hydraulic pressure from underground water and exhibit the property of swelling when in contact with flooding water. Such technological solutions can be used in the construction of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of dense urban development, in the presence of significant possible vertical deformations in water-saturated soils.Keywords: subsidence, sediment, crack, depression curve, mountain pressure, waterproofing, pile, cement-soil reinforcing element, monitoring
Oscillations in the Dentate Gyrus as a Tool for the Functioning of the Hippocampus: Healthy and Epileptic Brain
Authors: Kitchigina Valentina , Shubina Liubov
Published: December 2022

The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation and is essential for important cognitive processes such as navigation and memory. The oscillatory activity of the DG network is believed to play a critical role in cognition. DG circuits generate three main rhythms: theta, beta, and gamma, which participate in the specific information processing performed by DG neurons. In the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), cognitive abilities are impaired, which may be due to drastic alterations in the DG structure and network activity during epileptogenesis. The theta rhythm and theta coherence are especially vulnerable in dentate circuits; disturbances in DG theta oscillations and their coherence may be responsible for general cognitive impairments observed during epileptogenesis. Some researchers suggested that the vulnerability of DG mossy cells is a key factor in the genesis of TLE, but others did not support this hypothesis. The aim of the review is not only to present the current state of the art in this field of research but to help pave the way for future investigations by highlighting the gaps in our knowledge to completely appreciate the role of DG rhythms in brain functions. Disturbances in oscillatory activity of the DG during TLE development are described in detail that may be a diagnostic marker in the treatment of this disease.
Low-density components of a Holstein polaron during its uniform motion in a constant electric field in the initial period of time
Authors: Korshunova Alevtina Nikolaevna , Lakhno Victor Dmitrievich
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we consider the formation of low-density components of a polaron during its uniform motion in a polynucleotide chain subjected to a constant electric field. The calculations performed show that Bloch oscillations, usually observed during the oscillatory regime of polaron motion along the chain, do not completely disappear when the polaron motion along the chain becomes uniform. It is shown that after the electric field is turned on, the low-density components of the polaron, which have their own internal dynamics, are formed. And despite the fact that the macro-part of the polaron moves at a constant velocity, retaining its shape, the low-density components of the polaron demonstrate such characteristics of Bloch oscillations as the period of Bloch oscillations and the maximum Bloch amplitude.
Evaluasi Penerapan Moodle Dalam Pembelajaran Kejuruan Menggunakan Gibb's Reflective Learning Cycle
Authors: Affandi Lukman Rian , Lestari Muji
Published: December 2022

Good interaction between educators and learners can encourage the achievement of learning objectives. However, if the interaction goes well, the result will be the opposite. Moreover, the learning process needs to encourage students to think critically. However, it will instead become a burden in the learning process so that there is no collaboration between students during the learning process. This study aims to understand the perceptions of teachers and students towards the application of the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) to improve learning outcomes that are still low using several types of learning media. This research uses a qualitative approach with Gibb's Reflective Learning Cycle technique to obtain the perceptions of educators and students. This research was conducted because, in the learning process, many still need to learn to use technology appropriately. The media used is less innovative and limited, so learning has yet to be created that encourages students to think critically and comprehensively. Unlike moodle research in general, this research is used to evaluate two sides of using technology, especially moodle, in helping the learning process, namely on the side of educators and students. 
Suppression of Ripples of Controllable Rectifiers for Power Supply of Magnetic Systems
Authors: Lur’e M. S. , Lur’e O. M. , Frolov A. S.
Published: December 2022

A number of requirements are imposed on installations associated with regulated DC sources, including low voltage and current ripple in the load, as well as a wide range of output current variation. Such installations are traditionally made on controlled rectifiers or pulse-width converters in which voltage ripples are always present. The paper considers a method for reducing the voltage ripple of powerful rectifiers for powering magnetic systems based on the insertion of a compensating voltage equal in magnitude and opposite in phase to the ripple voltage into the load circuit. The possibility of using ripple compensators connected in parallel and in series with the load, as well as methods of obtaining a compensating voltage is shown. Methods for obtaining compensating voltage are given. In order to exclude the magnetization of the ripple compensator transformer, it is proposed to use several versions of the compensating transformer and the inclusion of ripple compensators. Practical schemes of passive compensators (with a demagnetizing circuit and a bifilar winding) are analyzed. The problem of developing ripple compensators for multiphase rectifiers, as well as ways to solve it, is considered. Practical recommendations for choosing a core material and calculating a transformer are given. On the basis of the presented theoretical and practical considerations for the design of the ripple compensators, simulation models have been developed in the Simulink pack-age of the MATLAB program. A technique for studying ripple compensators using the simulation models of a symmetrical 12-pulse rectifier that has been developed is presented. The results of simulation of passive ripple compensators, performed in two versions, showed their effectiveness, while the scheme was relatively simple and economic costs were relatively low. Also, the time of setting the set current in the system in the presence of a ripple compensator increases by no more than 3 %, and the accuracy and stability of operation do not change.
Suppression of Chaotic Oscillations in Small Energy Systems
Authors: Shashikhin V. N. , Goryacheva J. M. , Budnik S. V.
Published: December 2022

The paper considers the suppression of chaotic oscillations in small energy systems that occur in emergency modes and lead to the phenomenon of voltage collapse, which corresponds to the process of voltage drop in the network, which can be accompanied by a complete shutdown of the affected area. The paper also presents a method that has been developed and that allows changing the spectrum of Lyapunov’s characteristic indicators and converting chaotic oscillations in a small power system to regular dynamic modes. The method of synthesis of control actions is based on the theorem of topological equivalence of hyperbolic nonlinear systems and their linearized models as well as on and the use of numerical integration of nonlinear differential equations describing the behavior of power systems in order to construct a phase portrait and calculate Lyapunov’s characteristic exponents. The results of the work consist in the synthesis of feedback, which ensures the formation of a spectrum of Lyapunov’s characteristic indicators with negative values. The suppression of chaotic regimes occurs by forming a spectrum of negative Lyapunov’s characteristic indicators in a closed system. The parameters of the regulator in the feedback circuit are determined using the modal control method based on the solution of the matrix algebraic Sylvester equation. The solution of the problem of transition from a chaotic regime to a regular movement in a small power system is considered. To test the operability of the proposed method of chaos suppression, the spectrum of Lyapunov’s characteristic indicators is calculated and trajectories in the phase space of the initial nonlinear system and the system with control action are constructed. For energy systems with chaotic dynamics, synthesized feedback makes it possible to suppress chaotic fluctuations and switch to regular modes, thereby preventing the occurrence of emergency modes.
Durability of Concrete under Combined Impact Environment and Mechanical Load: Analysis of Experimental Studies
Authors: Leonovich S. N. , Shalyi E. E. , Litvinovskiy D. A. , Stepanova A. V.
Published: December 2022

Today, there are several methods for predicting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In most cases, one of the dominant destruction processes is taken into account – either carbonization or chloride penetration. Experimental results and field observations show that this is an unrealistic approach. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for determining the durability of concrete under combined impacts, i. e. with the penetration of chlorides into it and mechanical load. The paper describes in detail an experimental method for studying the effect of mechanical load on the penetration of chlorides into the pore space of cement-based materials. A test method is presented that makes it possible to determine realistic diffusion coefficients of chloride ions in concrete under compressive or tensile stress. As a result of the experiments carried out, it has been determined that the combination of mechanical loads and environmental influences can be much more significant than just environmental influence without the influence of mechanical loading. In fact, the service life of reinforced concrete structures depends on many possible combinations of mechanical loads and environmental influences, including freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, cracks formed during freeze-thaw cycling should be taken into account in tests of combined environmental and mechanical stress in order to better understand and systematically describe the effect of such exposure on the durability of concrete. For reliable prediction of the service life of reinforced concrete structures, it is also necessary to take into account the influence of the applied cyclic stress.
Recuperative Heat Exchanger-Utilizer Thermodynamic Modes in Low Capacity Supply-and-Exhaust Ventilation Unit
Authors: Zafatayeu V. A. , Karaliova T. I.
Published: December 2022

The increase in the thermal protection level of the existing buildings enclosing structures, due to the need to comply with the current norms of building heat engineering requirements, leads to increasing in the part of heat losses in the thermal balance of a building due to infiltration and exhaust ventilation operation. After exhaustion of the possibilities for the implementation of technical measures to reduce energy costs by changing in volumetric planning solutions and insulating building envelopes further decreasing heat consumption level should be associated with the use of the secondary and renewable resources potential. The paper presents the results of assessing the technical and economic feasibility of using the exhaust air thermal potential for heating the supply air in the forced supply-and-exhaust ventilation system of a building taking as a low-capacity unit as an example. For a counterflow air-to-air recuperative type heat utilizer finned with ribbed heat pipes in the form of a plurality of continuous sheets, the influence of changes in the physical properties of the exhaust air during the phase transition of the water vapor contained in it into a liquid state on the heat exchanger-utilizer performance and characteristics of its efficiency has been established. The conditions of heat exchange are determined (without condensate, with condensate in the part of the heat exchanger-utilizer, with condensate in the entire heat exchanger-utilizer and with the risk of icing) in the supply air temperature range from (–26) to (+8) °C for three variants of its operation with a balance of the nominal amount of exhaust and supply air and with two variants of imbalance. Variants with imbalances have been investigated in order to find possible combinations of supply and exhaust air temperatures, at which there would be no phase transition of water vapor in the exhaust air flow to the liquid state in the entire volume of the heat utilizer, which would eliminate the need for measures to collect and remove condensate and preventing it from freezing.
Reinforced Concrete Posts Made by Long-Line Formwork-Free Shaping for 0.4–10 kV Overhead Line Supports
Authors: Mirzaev P. T. , Shamansurova Z. P.
Published: December 2022

When using the technology of long-line formwork-free shaping for the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures, industrial engineering can be conducted in accordance with the requirements of modern regulatory documents. This allows projects to be developed individually, and production lines can be readjusted in a short time in accordance with emerging needs. In this regard, the possibility of using reinforced concrete posts produced by the technology of long-line formwork-free shaping for 0.4-10 kV overhead line supports is being considered. The designs of such supports are developed on the standard basis of the product range. The problem of establishing the minimum number (two) of cross-sections with different geometric dimensions for all brands of the offered posts is solved, subject to the operational requirements and technological specifications of production. The cross-sections of the proposed posts represent trapeziums, with the dimensions of the upper bases smaller than the dimensions of the lower bases in order to maintain the shape of the freshly formed concrete body of the posts made using long-line formwork-free shaping technology. For posts up to 11.0 m long, a solid cross-section with trapezoid edges is proposed: h = 245 mm; b = 150 mm (an upper base); b1 = 180 mm (a lower base). In the middle part of the cross-section of posts with a length of 11.0 to 16.4 m there is a cavity along the entire length of the posts. Cross-sectional dimensions of such posts are h = 300 mm; b = 205 mm, b1 = 235 mm. Long-line formwork-free shaping technology provides for the reinforcement of prestressed structures with high-strength wire or rope reinforcement. The proposed posts are rein-forced with 5Вр1400 rods, therefore, during their operation, the formation of cracks in the tensile zone of concrete is not fore-seen. The rods are located in groups at all corner sections along the cross-section of the post with an equal number of rods in each group, taking into account the technological features of the long-line formwork-free shaping. For the proposed cross-section of hollow posts, produced by long-line formwork-free shaping for 0.4–10 kV overhead line supports, a patent for autility model has been obtained from the Agency for Intellectual Property of Uzbekistan. Qualitative characteristics of the posts for overhead line supports are low material consumption, versatility, manufacturability, innovation, which lies in the fact that their implementation is associated with the design, manufacture and testing of experimental products for use by specific consumers, i. e. with the commercialization.
Stable knockdown of attached cells with pSUPER.retro.puro vector
Authors: Fuks Francois
Published: December 2022

This protocol describes how stable knockdown is performed using the pSUPER.retro.puro (pRS) lentiviral vector (OligoEngine) to form short hairpin RNAs for RNAi. Transient co-transfection of HEK293GP packaging cells is used to generate cell-free viral supernatants, which is then used to infect target cells. Stable shRNA production is then maintained by puromycin selection.This protocol has been optimized for attached cultured cell lines.
Isolation, culture and, characterization of endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (endMSCs)
Authors: Álvarez Verónica , Casado Javier García , Marinaro Federica , de Pedro María de los Ángeles , Pulido María , Nieto Esther López
Published: December 2022

Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (endMSCs) can be isolated from menstrual blood of healthy women and expanded under standard culture conditions. Once the cell culture is established, the multipotency of endMSCs can be in vitro evaluated using specific differentiation media for 21 days. Cell differentiation state can be observed by optical microscopy. On the other hand, the phenotypical characterization can be performed by flow cytometry targeting a combination of surface markers.This protocol is suitable for establishing an endMSCs culture for multiple purposes: in vitro assays, preclinical studies, “omic” analyses, etc.
Vitrification with microinjection of single seminiferous tubules
Authors: HAN SHA , ZHAO LIANGYU
Published: December 2022

This is a protocol for vitrification with microinjection of single seminiferous tubules an efficient cryopreservation approach for limited testicular tissue. Microinjection of seminiferous tubules maintained tubule structural integrity and germ cell numbers, and reduced spermatogonial apoptosis after cryopreservation. But it cannot be used on large testicular tissues. The key stages of the protocol is vitrification solution introduced into the seminiferous tubules via microinjection needles connected to a microinjection pump with a flow rate set at 2 μl/s under microscopy. The time taken for it to be completed is about half an hour for vitrification and 15 min for thawing
Cell culture protocol for sc-Tiling: High-resolution characterization of gene function using single-cell CRISPR tiling
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei David
Published: December 2022

Identification of novel functional domains and characterization of detailed regulatory mechanisms in cancer-driving genes is critical for advanced cancer therapy. Here, we present the cell culture protocol for “sc-Tiling,” which integrates a CRISPR gene-tiling screen with 10X Genomics single-cell RNAseq (sc-RNAseq) workflow.