bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Short-Term Price Elasticity, Temperature Elasticity, and Wind Speed Elasticity of Electricity: A Case Study from Norway
Authors: Idsø Johannes , Nesse Jon Gunnar , Larsen Øyvind Heimset
Published: April 2024

Energy production using hydropower has a 150-year history in Norway. High mountains, lots of rain, and a well-developed technology laid the foundation for low and stable electricity prices. The Norwegian electricity market is unique and different from any other country. Nearly all electricity produced (98.3 percent) comes from renewable energy sources and 75 percent of the energy used for heating is electricity. From autumn 2020, major changes have been observed in the electricity market in Norway. In 2021, Norway opened two transmission cables, one to Germany and one to England. Both cables have a capacity of 1400 MW. The average price per MWh was NOK 263 in southern Norway in the period 2013–2020, which more than quadrupled to NOK 1192 per MWh in the period 2021–2023. We have investigated how the market reacted to the large price increase. We found that price elasticity is low even when the price is very high. It is the temperature that controls the consumption. When it is cold—below zero degrees Celcius—the temperature elasticity is close to zero; the temperature elasticity is not constant. When the temperature is above zero, the temperature elasticity is about −0.7. Price variations or changes in wind speed only lead to minor adjustments in electricity consumption. It is the variations in temperature that result in the observable fluctuations in electricity consumption. Since Norway exports electricity to Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and England, knowledge of the Norwegian electricity market is relevant for many market participants. The Norwegian electricity market differs from those in other countries. Therefore, there is a risk that conclusions drawn about the Norwegian electricity market based on research conducted in other countries may be incorrect or inaccurate. Our contribution with this case study is to deepen the knowledge of how the electricity market in Norway operates.
Anomaly Detection Algorithm for Urban Infrastructure Construction Equipment based on Multidimensional Time Series
Authors: Wu Bingjian , Zhang Fan , Wang Yi , Hu Min , Bai Xue
Published: April 2024

Safety is the foundation of urban sustainable development. The urban construction and operation process involves a large amount of multidimensional time series data. By detecting anomalies in these multidimensional time subsequences (MTSs), decision support can be provided for early warning of urban construction and operation risks. Considering the complexity of urban infrastructure, there is an urgent need for fast and accurate anomaly detection. This paper proposes a real-time anomaly detection algorithm based on improved distance measurement (RADIM). RADIM retains the relationships between dimensions in multidimensional subsequences, using an Extended Frobenius Norm with Local Weights (EFN_lw) and a Euclidean distance based on multidimensional data (ED_mv) to measure the similarity of MTSs. Moreover, a threshold update mechanism based on First-order Mean Difference (TMFD) is designed to detect real-time anomalies by assessing deviations. This method has been applied to tunnel construction. According to comparative experiments, RADIM exhibits better adaptability, real-time performance, and accuracy in risk warning of tunnel boring machines and construction status.
Relativistic Formulation in Dual Minkowski Spacetime
Authors: Ganesan Timothy
Published: April 2024

The objective of this work is to derive the structure of Minkowski spacetime using a Hermitian spin basis. This Hermitian spin basis is analogous to the Pauli spin basis. The derived Minkowski metric is then employed to obtain the corresponding Lorentz factors, potential Lie algebra, effects on gamma matrices and complex representations of relativistic time dilation and length contraction. The main results, a discussion of the potential applications and future research directions are provided.
Sortase-Modified Cholera Toxoids Show Specific Golgi Localization
Authors: Machin Darren C. , Williamson Daniel J. , Fisher Peter , Miller Victoria J. , Arnott Zoe L. P. , Stevenson Charlotte M. E. , Wildsmith Gemma C. , Ross James F. , Wasson Christopher W. , Macdonald Andrew , Andrews Benjamin I. , Ungar Daniel , Turnbull W. Bruce , Webb Michael E.
Published: April 2024

Cholera toxoid is an established tool for use in cellular tracing in neuroscience and cell biology. We use a sortase labeling approach to generate site-specific N-terminally modified variants of both the A2-B5 heterohexamer and B5 pentamer forms of the toxoid. Both forms of the toxoid are endocytosed by GM1-positive mammalian cells, and while the heterohexameric toxoid was principally localized in the ER, the B5 pentamer showed an unexpectedly specific localization in the medial/trans-Golgi. This study suggests a future role for specifically labeled cholera toxoids in live-cell imaging beyond their current applications in neuronal tracing and labeling of lipid rafts in fixed cells.
Effects of Salts and Other Contaminants on Ciprofloxacin Removal Efficiency of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Sassa-deepaeng Tanongsak , Khumpirapang Nattakanwadee , Yodthong Wachira , Myat Yin Yin , Anuchapreeda Songyot , Okonogi Siriporn
Published: April 2024

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is commonly used in aquaculture to prevent and treat bacterial infections in aquatic animals. For this reason, aquatic environments contain CIP and its derivatives, which lead to the development of drug-resistant bacteria. In the present study, copper nanoparticles were prepared using Garcinia mangostana extract (GME-CuNPs) as a reducing agent and evaluated for their CIP removal efficiency (CRE). The results demonstrate that within 20 min, GME-CuNPs at 25 mM possess a CRE of 92.02 ± 0.09% from CIP-containing aqueous media with pH 6–7. The CRE is influenced by both monovalent and divalent salts. A high salt concentration significantly reduces the CRE. Contaminants in fish wastewater can reduce the CRE, but phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and ammonia do not affect the CRE. Our results reveal that the CRE is controlled by electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged GME-CuNPs and the cationic species of CIP. The CRE is reduced by wastewater with a pH higher than 8.0, in which the CIP molecules have a negative charge, resulting in a repulsive force due to the negative charge of GME-CuNPs. In fish wastewater with a pH lower than 7.0, GME-CuNPs show the potential to achieve a CRE above 80%. Therefore, pH adjustment to a range of 6–7 in fish wastewater before treatment is deemed imperative. It is concluded that the newly developed GME-CuNPs possess excellent activity in CIP elimination from actual fish wastewater samples. Our findings suggest that GME-CuNPs can be a promising tool to effectively eliminate antibiotics from the environment.
The Influence of Competing Social and Symbolic Cues on Observers’ Gaze Behaviour
Authors: Ioannidou Flora , Hermens Frouke
Published: April 2024

The effects of social (eye gaze, pointing gestures) and symbolic (arrows) cues on observers’ attention are often studied by presenting such cues in isolation and at fixation. Here, we extend this work by embedding cues in natural scenes. Participants were presented with a single cue (Experiment 1) or a combination of cues (Experiment 2) embedded in natural scenes and were asked to ‘simply look at the images’ while their eye movements were recorded to assess the effects of the cues on (overt) attention. Single-gaze and pointing cues were fixated for longer than arrows but at the cost of shorter dwell times on the cued object. When presented together, gaze and pointing cues were fixated faster and for longer than simultaneously presented arrows. Attention to the cued object depended on the combination of cues and whether both cues were directed towards or away from the target object. Together, the findings confirm earlier observations that people attract attention more strongly than arrows but that arrows more strongly direct attention.
Omnidirectional AGV Path Planning Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Niu Qinyu , Fu Yao , Dong Xinwei
Published: April 2024

To address the issues with traditional genetic algorithm (GA) path planning, which often results in redundant path nodes and local optima, we propose an Improved Genetic Algorithm that incorporates an ant colony algorithm (ACO). Firstly, a new population initialization method is proposed. This method adopts a higher-quality random point generation strategy to generate random points centrally near the start and end of connecting lines. It combines the improved ACO algorithm to connect these random points quickly, thus greatly improving the quality of the initial population. Secondly, path smoothness constraints are proposed in the adaptive function. These constraints reduce the large-angle turns and non-essential turns, improving the smoothness of the generated path. The algorithm integrates the roulette and tournament methods in the selection stage to enhance the searching ability and prevent premature convergence. Additionally, the crossover stage introduces the edit distance and a two-layer crossover operation based on it to avoid ineffective crossover and improve convergence speed. In the mutation stage, we propose a new mutation method and introduce a three-stage mutation operation based on the idea of simulated annealing. This makes the mutation operation more effective and efficient. The three-stage mutation operation ensures that the mutated paths also have high weights, increases the diversity of the population, and avoids local optimality. Additionally, we added a deletion operation to eliminate redundant nodes in the paths and shorten them. The simulation software and experimental platform of ROS (Robot Operating System) demonstrate that the improved algorithm has better path search quality and faster convergence speed. This effectively prevents the algorithm from maturing prematurely and proves its effectiveness in solving the path planning problem of AGV (automated guided vehicle).
Features of the course of the psycho-organic syndrome in various brain pathologies on the example of patients of the neurosurgical department
Authors:   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chebotkov D. S. , Tyurina V. Yu. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kolpikova D. R. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Skvortsov V. V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vinogradova M.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Durnoglazova K.A. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Leskova A.V ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kiseleva A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The high urgency of research in the field of neurosurgery of this category of brain injury is evident. Severe brain injuries, vascular pathologies, aggressive neoplasms, and degenerative processes entail changes in the emotional and volitional sphere and neurological status of the patient. Notably, the degree of changes is based on three main factors: individual peculiarities of the cerebral circulation pattern, compensatory mechanisms of the nervous system of a particular individual, and the severity of the lesion or, in the case of neoplasms, the intensity of their growth. The nature of the brain tissue lesion should be taken into account when selecting and adjusting therapy in order to avoid and prevent negative dynamics and manifestation of pathologic positive or negative symptoms. The greatest danger in terms of the development of psychoorganic syndrome is brain edema. The primary task of the neurosurgeon is to eliminate the edema as soon as possible. With increasing symptoms, the patient may make sudden unconscious movements and demonstrate aggression towards the staff against the background of loss of orientation, which can lead to injuries and deterioration of the condition. It is recommended to make the patient lie down and hospitalize them in the intensive care unit for rapid dehydration and antihypertensive therapy. At the time of transfer, a CT scan of the brain should be performed in order to detect acute pathology or recurrence of the underlying pathology for urgent or emergent surgical intervention.
Neurocognitive disorders and chronic rhinosinusitis. A modern view of the problem (literary review)
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists (head — PhD in Medicine, professor V. G. Kosenko), FSBEI HE Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Sedina str., Krasnodar, 350007, Russia, Kosenko V. G. , Lazareva L. A. ,   Department of ENT Diseases (head — PhD in Medicine, professor F. V. Semenov), FSBEI HE Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,, Elizbaryan I. S. ,   Department of ENT Diseases (head — PhD in Medicine, professor F. V. Semenov), FSBEI HE Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,, Ageev M. I. ,   Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining of Specialists (head — PhD in Medicine, professor V. G. Kosenko), FSBEI HE Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 4 Sedina str., Krasnodar, 350007, Russia, Gasanov Yu. M. ,   FSBEI HE Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study: to review the results of scientific research on combined etiopathogenetic, clinical, and functional manifestations of chronic rhinosinusitis and a number of neurological diseases classified as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). The interdisciplinary approach in the analysis was based on the modern understanding of neurocognitive disorders and induced neuroinflammatory reactions, the commonality between the infectious agents in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and diseases characterized by NCDs, and the validity of the involvement of central brain structures in the process of chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The analogy of the formation of such manifestations as nasal obstruction, changes in the olfactory tract and visual function, and disorders of the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract, and their impact on brain structures with impaired neurocognitive functions was drawn. The systematization of scientific research data characterizing various chronic forms of rhinosinusitis and NCDs was a confirmation of the regulatory role of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-limbic-reticular complex in understanding the common pathophysiological mechanisms occurring in these nosologies.
Application of screening tools to detect mental maladaptation in neurological patients in outpatient settings
Authors:   SBHI Federal Scientific and Educational Center of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation named after G. A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Sakovskiy I. V. ,   FSBEI HE Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia, Pomnikov V. G. ,   SBHI Federal Scientific and Educational Center of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation named after G. A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Alekhin A. N. ,   FSBEI HE Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia, Ermakova N. G. ,   FSBEI HE Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia, Kaysinova Z. K. ,   SBHI Federal Scientific and Educational Center of Medical and Social Expertise and Rehabilitation named after G. A. Albrecht of the Ministry of Labor of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Amelina V. V. ,   FSBEI HE Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia; FSBI Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia, St Petersburg, Russia, Yushkova I. D. ,   PEI HE St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute, Russia, Kolesnikov K. P. ,   PEI HE St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute, Russia, Vasilkov A. V. ,   PEI HE St. Petersburg Medical and Social Institute, Russia
Published: April 2024

In the practice of primary care physicians, there is a large number of patients whose somatic complaints are combined with emotional disorders or disguise them. In this regard, it is essential to identify manifestations of mental maladaptation and recommend these patients to visit a clinical psychologist or psychotherapist. In this work, screening tools were applied at the neurologist’s primary appointment in order to identify patients with anxiety and depressive states as the main markers of mental maladaptation. As a result of the study, mental maladaptation was detected in more than half of the cases, with the pain syndrome ranking first in this group. Such results provide a basis for recommending the use of screening tools for the detection of mental maladaptation during primary care visits, especially in patients with chronic pain complaints. The set of scales applied in this study is easy to use and can be utilized in an outpatient setting due to the shor t time required.
Corporate identity and rebranding of the student council of the Higher school of folk arts
Authors:   Department of jewelry and bone-carving art, chairman of the student council of the Higher School of Folk Arts (academy), Komarova E.A.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the development of the corporate identity of the infographics of the student government of the Higher School of Folk Arts (Academy). The characteristics of different types of logos are analyzed, their weaknesses and strengths are identified; a set of elements and colors for the logo of the student council and the logos of the student council committees are developed. Style bearers are being identified, souvenir projects are being developed. Special attention is paid to the design of the final version of the logo of the Student Council of the Higher School of Folk Arts (Academy), the analysis of factors affecting the visual perception of logos and their application in the student environment.
Formation of a generic union as a basis for the formation of the federal statehood of Ancient Rome
Authors:   Kursk Institute of Management, Economics and Business (Russia, Kursk), Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies ANO VO “Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy” (Russia, Moscow), Panishchev A.L.
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to the history of Ancient Rome during the period of the first kings. The work emphasizes that Rome became the center not of a unitary state, but of a federation, the primacy in which for a long time was not obvious and was disputed by various members of the federation. The power of the Roman king could not be absolute, since it was carried out in line with generally accepted traditions and customs. Moreover, the Roman kings were probably able to perform the functions of priests, therefore, religious values occupied an important place in their moral authority. One way or another, but recognizing the military victories of Rome as a condition for its rise in the Italian federation, we note that there were other circumstances that contributed to the strengthening of Rome. The king was a significant figure, but there were other forces with which he had to reckon, for example, customs, the opinion of the people. Therefore, just as the power of the king had no absolute meaning, so Rome was not a state in which the peoples were directly subordinate to the center. On the contrary, the peoples within the federation could have their own laws and traditions, but there were treaties associated with Rome, many of which were imposed by Rome by force, but took into account the interests of both parties.
Large-scale events of the French bourgeois revolution: functions and aesthetics
Authors:   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities, Streltsova D. A.
Published: April 2024

A large-scale holiday as a multifaceted socio-cultural phenomenon associated with the life of society and every person is a powerful tool for influencing the development of spiritual, moral, and patriotic feelings of people. The origins of social and revolutionary holidays are associated with the large-scale celebrations of the Great French Bourgeois Revolution of 1789. In addition to socio-political changes, the socio-cultural and spiritual life of the people changed dramatically. The revolutionary movement gave rise to magnificent large-scale spectacles that reflected new ideas and the rebellious spirit of the era, and society itself needed public celebrations of this scale. The materials of the article, which shows the history of French large-scale events, can be useful in the courses of History and Socio-Cultural Activities.
A Review on Analysis of K-Means Clustering Machine Learning Algorithm based on Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Suyal Manish , Sharma Sanjay
Published: April 2024

The process of machine learning is understood within Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning process gives the tools the ability to learn from their experiences and improve themselves without any coding. In machine learning, we program a computer or machine in such a way that the user wants the work done by the machine. It can give such work and in this process the computer does its work on the basis of the data already with it and gives its performance. The objective of writing the paper is how K- Means clustering algorithm is applied on the model dataset based on unsupervised learning. We used to pass feature data and label data to machine learning model in the supervised learning. But the method of unsupervised learning algorithms is different. In this we do not give the feature data and target data to the model. The dataset model uses only the input data for processing and the output data has no meaning in the model. Accordingly on the basis of the similarities found in the data and model predict the desired output. K-means is clustering algorithm based on unsupervised learning in which data and objects are separated into different clusters in such a way that objects that have similar properties are put in one cluster and objects that have different properties are put in separate cluster.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROCESS OF RUNNING-IN OF ANTIFRICTION HARD-LUBRICATING COATINGS DURING THE OPERATION OF PLAIN BEARINGS
Authors:   Orel State University, Rodichev Aleksey Yrievich , Kolpakov Ivan Vladimirovich ,   Orel State University, Rodicheva Irina Vladimirovna ,   Orel State University, Vasiliev Kirill Vladimirovich ,   Orel State University
Published: April 2024

The article presents a brief analysis of the hard-lubricating coatings used. An experimental stand for the study of the lapping process of hard-lubricating antifriction coatings in sliding bearing assemblies is considered. The description of measurements of the roughness values of the lapped surface using the MarSurf PS10 profilometer is given. The obtained dependences of the rotor rotation frequency change on time for various antifriction hard-lubricating coatings are presented. Conclusions and recommendations on the further use of antifriction hard-lubricating coat-ings in friction units are given.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION OF LOCOMOTIVES IN OPERATION
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Grebennikov Nikolay Vyachaslavovich
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of locomotives under operating conditions according to data recorded by on-board microprocessor control systems of modern locomotives. It is based on the energy approach, which allows to estimate the losses in each element of energy conversion on the locomotive. The coefficient of efficiency of equipment operation and the energy resource overrun coefficient are proposed, which make it possible to assess the energy efficiency of the operation of traction equipment and the locomotive as a whole under operating conditions, as well as the resulting cost overrun of energy resources due to the predominance of operating modes other than nominal. The energy efficiency of the traction equipment of diesel locomotives 2TE25KM and TEP70BS was assessed.
APPLICATION OF THE DECISION TREE METHOD FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS OF AUTOMATIC ACCOUNTING OF THE FLOW RATE AND AMOUNT OF WET GAS
Authors:   Baishev University, Shopanova Gulzhan Erezhepovna , Sultanov Nail Zakievich ,   Russian State Humanitarian University
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the application of the decision tree method to solve problems of automatic accounting of the amount of natural gas. This method is used for classification and forecasting tasks. This method is also called a decision rule tree, classification tree, and regression tree. Within the framework of this work, the method of solving trees is used to effectively solve the prob-lem of automatic accounting of the consumption and quantity of wet natural gas. The article considers the algorithm, the process, the structure of the system, the structure, and also analyzes the results of the system.
EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES FOR FILTERING ALTERNATIVES FOR SUPPLY TRANSPORTATION BASED ON A SPECIAL MINORITY APPROACH
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Brodetskiy Gennadiy Leonidovich , Gusev Denis Alexandrovich ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: April 2024

The report presents a special approach to the formalization of procedures for filtering alternatives in the models of transport provision of supplies. Filtering procedures are developed on the basis of binary relations, and only those alternatives that correspond to minorants in the corresponding strict order relation are removed from consideration. This will significantly reduce the number of alternatives considered so that the selection process can be implemented in real time. Numerical illustrations are given in the format of the following generalized selection criteria: scalar, geometric mean, ideal point.
METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING RING ROUTES WITH RETURN CARGO
Authors:   Oryol State University, Novikov Alexander Nikolaevich , Zhestkova Svetlana Anatolievna ,   Penza State University of Architecture and Construction
Published: April 2024

The method of forming the parameters of a joint ring route with a return loaded mileage is presented. The numerical example is calculated by the method of fictitious nodes and branches. The route length is used as the objective function. The distance and time benefit function is calculated when organizing a joint route with a return cargo.
INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE DIRECTION OF INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STATE POLICY OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
Authors: Strahnitskyi Yaroslav
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes modern features of state policy in the field of critical infrastructure protection. Attention is focused on the need for institutional transformations in the direction of improving efficiency, transparency, responsibility and responding to new security challenges in the conditions of a hybrid war with the Russian Federation.

The practice of protecting critical infrastructure facilities in developed countries has been studied. It was determined that its priority is the actualization of the predicate of stability of critical infrastructure objects. The content of normative and legal acts of Ukraine in this area was analyzed. A number of provisions have been identified that allow the adjustment of the domestic security doctrine to the European vector of stability.

Within the perspective of the development of the concept of sustainability, the intention of «critical infrastructure stakeholders» is substantiated. This opens up the prospects of creating transparent conditions for ensuring the annihilation of state institutions of power, state protection systems, the private sector, educational and scientific institutions and other stakeholders of critical infrastructure to the National System of Critical Infrastructure Protection at the next levels of management. The possible levels of such cooperation are determined.

Modern scientific works were analyzed, which studied the prospects of changing the paradigm of protection and stability to the paradigm of resilience. The complex of institutional transformations is proposed to be expanded due to the application within the framework of the functioning of the National Critical Infrastructure Protection System of the process of determining and analyzing the range of risks that the country faces in the spheres of critical infrastructure functioning. The transformation of institutional protection systems is considered through the prism of systemic determinants, among which physical protection and defense, cyber protection and defense, preventive measures of protection and defense, and an educational and scientific approach are highlighted.

The system of organization at the state level of conducting regular interdisciplinary trainings on the operational response to emergency situations at facilities has been studied. It is proposed to increase clarity in the delineation of responsibility for project threats and to strengthen control over compliance with the systematicity of interdisciplinary training. On the basis of the extrapolations of scientists' hypotheses and the results of the author's research, a proposal was made to systematize the main proposals for institutional transformations in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of the state policy for the protection of critical infrastructure in the form of a Preventive concept of resilience of critical infrastructure objects.
The Relationship Between Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Mammographic Density
Authors: Ranjkesh Mahnaz , Shaker Somayeh , Mehrtabar Saba , Ahmadpour  Youshanlui Mahya , Alihosseini Samin
Published: April 2024

Background: Mammography is the most important evaluation technique for breast cancer screening. The importance of understanding mammographic density becomes evident when considering its relationship with breast cancer risk. There exists a positive correlation between high mammographic density and an increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Therefore, knowing the prevalence of breast density and its associated factors helps consider possible interventions and medical management to alter the density and properly follow up with the patients. Methods: A total of 350 women in Azerbaijan enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patient’s questionnaires included demographic data such as age, weight, height, education, menarche age, menopause status and age, oophorectomy history, marital status, number of successful deliveries, age of first delivery, number of breast-feeding times, duration of breastfeeding, oral contraceptives/ hormone replacement therapy (HRT) usage, menstrual status, familial history of cancer, history of benign breast lesion biopsy, and alcohol/smoking status. The evaluation of breast density was done according to the American College of Radiology grading A to D. Results: The average age of the studied patients was 45.68±6.96 years with a median of 44.5 years. The population of women with breast density above 50% was higher compared to those with low breast density (51.4% versus 48.6%). In women without a history of breastfeeding, the frequency of breast density above 50% was observed in 76.4% of women. Significantly, lower densities were observed during menopause, and higher densities were observed during nonmenopause (P=0.001). Furthermore, no relationship was observed between breast composition and nulliparity, history of oophorectomy, duration of breastfeeding, marital status, menstrual status, and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) consumption. Conclusion: The main risk factors of high breast density include young age, menstrual status (non-menopausal patients), lack of breastfeeding after childbirth, older age of first delivery, and lower body mass index
Effects of hydroethanolic garlic extract on oxidative stress, lipolysis, and glycogenesis in high-fat diet-fed Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Adepoju Ayodeji E. , Ntwasa Monde , Lebelo Sogolo L. , Oyedepo Temitope A. , Ayeleso Ademola O.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is multifaceted health condition associated with metabolism, which leads to the accumulation of oxidation products and impairment of the antioxidant system. Medicinal, edible plant alternatives are being sought to prevent the predisposing factors of metabolic syndrome, one of which is obesity. We studied the effects of hydroethanolic garlic extract (HGE) on oxidative stress, lipolysis, and glycogenesis in high-fat diet-fed Drosophila melanogaster. Methods: The HGE was processed and antioxidant assays (in vitro and in vivo) coupled with metabolic biomarkers were assayed following standard procedures. Results: HGE inhibited ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide radicals in high-fat-fed D. melanogaster. The HGE also reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and increased catalase activity significantly. The HGE promoted lipolysis and glycogenesis by reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and total sugar concentrations while glycogen content was increased. Conclusion: Our results revealed that HGE improved the antioxidant defense system and promoted lipolysis and glycogenesis in metabolic deranged D. melanogaster. This suggests the therapeutic usefulness of garlic in the management of metabolic diseases.
Antioxidant, photoprotective, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of Albuca amoena Batt.
Authors: Zakhour Rajaâ , El-Guourrami Otman , Bouothmany Kaoutar , El Ftouh Sobha , Benkhouili Fatima Zahra , Benzeid Hanane , Tligui Houssain , Cherrah Yahia , Benbacer Laila , Alaoui Katim
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Albuca amoena Batt. is an endemic plant from Morocco used for treating melanoma or leishmaniasis. The aim of this study is to test the antioxidant, photoprotective, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial properties of this plant. Methods: The extracts of the aerial and bulbous parts were obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration of the plant. Their antioxidant potentials were evaluated in vitro using four methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC). The photoprotective properties were evaluated through the study of UVA and UVB absorbance and antityrosinase activity. The cytotoxic activity was determined against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and one human colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29) using the 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. In addition, the antimicrobial activity was tested on six pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans by using the disc diffusion method. Results: The results showed that the UVA and UVB absorptive proprieties of the extracts were similar to those used as positive controls: Methyl salicylate and zinc oxide. Moreover, the antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of the studied extracts were found to be weakly active. The extracts had strong cytotoxicity activities, especially against HT-29 cell line. However, the extracts did not show any antibacterial activity. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the extracts can be used as a sunscreen to avoid dermal anomalies and as a new source of cytotoxic bioactive compound.
In-silico and biochemical analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of Olax subscorpioidea leaf on DMBA-induced cell proliferation in female rats
Authors: Adelegan Ayodeji Adebayo , Johnson Titilayo Omolara , Dokunmu Titilope Modupe , Iweala Emeka Eze Joshua
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Olax subscorpioidea is a medicinal plant that Africans use to treat numerous ailments, including cancer. This research examines the antioxidant, anticancer, and in-silico properties of ethyl acetate fraction of Olax subscorpioidea’s (OSEA) on 7,12-Dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA)-induced cell proliferation in female rats. Methods: Forty female Sprague Dawley rats averaging 110 ± 20 g were induced proliferation with DMBA (80 mg/kg) and treated with ethyl acetate fraction (250 mg/kg BW) of O. subscorpioidea or tamoxifen (6.6 mg/kg BW) before and after induction. The trial lasted 22 weeks. In-vivo antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were examined. Likewise, carcinoma antigen marker (CA153), and DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) activity were measured. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detected the bioactive compounds, and molecular docking studies predicted the mechanism of action of OSEA against DNA methyltransferase. Results: Treatment with OSEA significantly increased the SOD activity, enhanced GSH levels, and lowered the levels of MDA, CA-153, and DNMT3L in DMBA-exposed rats. The GC-MS analysis of OSEA revealed the presence of 40 bioactive compounds. The molecular docking revealed that 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione (-6.407 kcal/mol), 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio) (-4.926 kcal/mol) and 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (-6.16 kcal/mol) had the lowest binding energies against DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B, respectively. 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio) was the least toxic. The molecular dynamic simulation revealed that the interaction between DNMT3A and 2-(2-hydroxyethylthio) propionic was stable to an extent. : The in-silico and biochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of O. subscorpioidea showed that it can protect against lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and may be a potent source of drug that serves as an effective therapeutic in the future.
Supplementation of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) fiber ameliorates dyslipidemia, liver pathology and hypersecretion of metabolic hormones in mice fed a highfat diet
Authors: Santoso Putra , Maliza Rita
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) offers numerous health benefits. However, the effects of its dietary fiber (yam bean fiber, YBF) on dyslipidemia, liver disease, and the overproduction of metabolic hormones, specifically glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), resulting from a high-fat diet (HFD) remain underexplored. Thus, our present investigation sought to address this gap. Methods: Adult male mice (n = 24) were randomly assigned into four different groups such as normal diet (ND) as a control group, HFD, and HFD supplemented with either 2.5% or 10% YBF. After a 12-week dietary regimen, plasma lipid profiles, liver histology and biochemistry, and the levels of FGF21 and GLP-1 were assessed. Results: YBF supplementation, especially at 10% dose, effectively lowered total serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compared with those fed HFD (P < 0.05). YBF also reduced liver weight and mitigated the elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the depletion of catalase (CAT) activity induced by HFD in liver tissues (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 10% YBF supplementation effectively countered liver pathology, including central vein enlargement, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, abnormal sinusoids, and hepatocyte degeneration caused by HFD (P < 0.05). YBF at 10% also attenuated the HFDinduced hypersecretion of FGF21 and GLP-1 hormones. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that YBF supplementation could counteract the adverse effects of HFD, particularly in terms of dyslipidemia, liver disease, and metabolic hormone imbalances. Incorporating YBF into diets may thus offer protective benefits against HFDinduced metabolic diseases and associated health issues.
Antibacterial, bacteriolytic, antibiofilm, and synergistic effects of Curcuma species ethanol extracts with antibiotic against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yuandani Yuandani , Septama Abdi Wira , Utami Dinda Sari , Nugraha Sony Eka , Sufitni Sufitni , Khairunnisa Nur Aini , Nasution Halimah Raina , Rizka Ramaza
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Curcuma species have shown antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The current study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Curcuma species rhizomes, including Curcuma domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, C. mangga, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa). Furthermore, the mechanism action of Curcuma species in combination with antibiotic against MDR P. aeruginosa and its chemical component were also investigated. Methods: Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out by the microdilution method. The synergistic effects of the extract and tetracycline were determined by the checkerboard method. The effect of the combination of Curcuma species and tetracycline to prevent bacterial resistance was investigated using inhibition of biofilm formation, permeability of bacterial cell membrane, and EtBr accumulation methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was also performed. Results: MIC of C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, and C. mangga against MDR P. aeruginosa were 125, 250, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract (7.8 µg/mL) in combination with tetracycline (1.9 µg/mL) revealed a synergistic activity with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value of 0.06. The combination of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract and tetracycline showed inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and efflux pump of MDR P. aeruginosa. This combination also had bacteriolytic activity. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of ar-turmerone (11.63%) and xanthorrhizol (11.36%) as the major compounds. Conclusion: Combination of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract and tetracycline might be developed as an alternative treatment against MDR P. aeruginosa.
Injury as a Threat To Health, Experiences of Falling From Trees in Farmers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Zobdeh Zahra , Bashirian Saeid , Khazaei Salman , Afshari Maryam , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Shokoohi Hamid , Biglari Mehran , Gholamaliee Behzad
Published: April 2024

Background: Falling is a significant cause of occupational injuries and fatalities among farmers, and falling from trees is one of the most common causes of injury resulting in a high number of visits to health centers. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the factors associated with falling from walnut trees. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors that contribute to falling from walnut trees from the perspective of farmers and farmworkers. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 farmers and farmworkers who had experienced falling from walnut trees as recorded in the National Accidents Record Program from September to October 2017 in Tuyserkan county, Iran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Moreover, data rigor was ensured through participant and external checks. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of six themes, including psychological factors, physical factors, behavioral and habitual factors, economic factors, factors related to walnut trees, and atmospheric agents, along with 18 subthemes for behavioral, human, and environmental factors. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that with appropriate interventions and training, farmers and farmworkers can be guided and assisted so as to prevent the occurrence of falling from walnut trees. In addition to educational interventions, health promotion measures such as providing safety equipment and insurance coverage can be essential in reducing injuries.
Optimal with Respect to Accuracy Recovery of Some Classes Functions by Fourier Series
Authors: Kolomys Olena
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Function approximation (approximation or restoration) is widely used in data analysis, model building, and forecasting. The goal of function approximation is to find the function that best approximates the original function. This can be useful when the original function is too complex to analyze or when a model needs to be simplified for more efficient computation or interpretation. Function approximation is an important tool in science, engineering, economics, and other fields where data analysis and modeling are required. It allows you to simplify complex functions, identify patterns in the behavior of the object of study, and predict the value of a function beyond the available data.
The purpose of the paper is consider the problems of approximation of a function, which on some interval is given by its values in some set of nodal points and belongs to some class of functions by trigonometric Fourier series with a given accuracy and at fulfillment of given constraints on its execution time. The main attention is paid to obtaining estimates of computational complexity (implementation time) and solving the problem of function approximation by Fourier series with a given or maximum possible accuracy using efficient algorithms for solving optimization problems.
Results. The general formulation of the problem of approximation of functions by Fourier series in accordance with the technology of solving problems of computational and applied mathematics with specified values of quality characteristics is presented. Estimates of the error of the proposed approximation algorithms using for the computation of Fourier coefficients the optimal in accuracy and close to them quadrature formulas for the computation of integrals from rapidly oscillating functions of the classes of Helder and Lipschitz with given fixed values in the nodes of a fixed grid are given. The corresponding quadrature formulas and constructive estimates of the error of the method of approximation of functions of the specified classes are given. Estimates of computational complexity of the given algorithms are obtained, which allow us to set real constraints on the time of algorithm implementation with a given or maximum possible accuracy.
Conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the quality of the considered algorithms for the approximation of functions by Fourier series using the accuracy-optimal (or close to them) quadrature formulas for the computation of Fourier coefficients for the computation of integrals from rapidly oscillating functions is presented. The estimates of their main characteristics – accuracy and computational complexity – are obtained. Keywords: function approximation, Fourier series, Fourier series coefficients, approximation error, computational complexity.
Perioperative anaphylaxis to povidone-iodine in breast prosthesis surgery: a case report
Authors: Leow Sean KH , Knight Debbie , Cooter Rodney
Published: April 2024

The authors describe an unusual case of anaphylaxis to PVP-I resulting in cardiorespiratory collapse and dispel some recurrent misconceptions around allergies to PVP-I and so-called ‘iodine allergy’.