bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of social disengagement with health status and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults: evidence from the Otassha study
Authors: Ejiri Manami , Kawai Hisashi , Ito Kumiko , Hirano Hirohiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi
Published: October 2022

This study examined the impact of disengagement on health status and mortality among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Disengagement from society was operationally defined as dropping out of a longitudinal survey. A follow-up mail survey was conducted, in 2014, among respondents (n = 3696) of the baseline mail survey. Step-by-step follow-up surveys (FLs), including simplified mail, postcard, and home-visit surveys, were sent to participants who did not respond. Disengagement levels were defined according to the response to the FLs as zero (mail survey), low (simplified mail survey), middle (postcard survey), high (home-visit survey), and highest (non-responders to the home-visit survey). After adjusting for health status at baseline, the proportion of respondents self-rated as “not healthy” during FLs was significantly higher in the high-level than in the zero-level group. The proportion of respondents reporting a “once a week or less” frequency of going outdoors during FLs was significantly higher in the low-, middle-, and high-level groups than in the zero-level group. Mortality rates were significantly higher in the high and highest levels than in the zero-level group. Higher disengagement levels increased the risk of lower health status and mortality, suggesting an urgent need to prevent societal disengagement among older adults.
Clinical observation of diminished bone quality and quantity through longitudinal HR-pQCT-derived remodeling and mechanoregulation
Authors: Collins Caitlyn J. , Atkins Penny R. , Ohs Nicholas , Blauth Michael , Lippuner Kurt , Müller Ralph
Published: October 2022

High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) provides methods for quantifying volumetric bone mineral density and microarchitecture necessary for early diagnosis of bone disease. When combined with a longitudinal imaging protocol and finite element analysis, HR-pQCT can be used to assess bone formation and resorption (i.e., remodeling) and the relationship between this remodeling and mechanical loading (i.e., mechanoregulation) at the tissue level. Herein, 25 patients with a contralateral distal radius fracture were imaged with HR-pQCT at baseline and 9–12 months follow-up: 16 patients were prescribed vitamin D3 with/without calcium supplement based on a blood biomarker measures of bone metabolism and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry image-based measures of normative bone quantity which indicated diminishing (n = 9) or poor (n = 7) bone quantity and 9 were not. To evaluate the sensitivity of this imaging protocol to microstructural changes, HR-pQCT images were registered for quantification of bone remodeling and image-based micro-finite element analysis was then used to predict local bone strains and derive rules for mechanoregulation. Remodeling volume fractions were predicted by both average values of trabecular and cortical thickness and bone mineral density (R2 > 0.8), whereas mechanoregulation was affected by dominance of the arm and group classification (p < 0.05). Overall, longitudinal, extended HR-pQCT analysis enabled the identification of changes in bone quantity and quality too subtle for traditional measures.
A method for estimating magnetic target location by employing total field and its gradients data
Authors: You Haidong , Li Jindong , Xu Jun , Xu Jian , Ning Tigang , Gao Yuanyuan , Li Lin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a magnetic target localization method by measurement of total field and its spatial gradients. We deduce an approximate formula of the target’s bearing vector expressed by the total field and its gradients. The total field and its gradient can be measured by a scalar magnetometer array and the approximate value of the bearing vector can be calculated. An iterative method is introduced to improve the localization accuracy of the magnetic target. Simulations experiments have been done to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the relative errors of the bearing vector estimated by the iterative method can be kept below the level of 5%. In addition, when difference root-mean-square (RMS) noise is added to the magnetometers, the relative errors of the bearing vector only vary from 0.8 to 6%, which indicates that the proposed method has a high tolerance to the noise of the magnetometers.
Experimental study on the mechanism of ice layer formation in fractured rock masses in cold regions
Authors: Wang Liping , Dong Zhuxu , Li Ning , Wang Wenli , Tian Yanzhe , Xu Shuanhai
Published: October 2022

The formation and growth of ice layers in fractured rock masses is one of the main causes of frost weathering in bedrock in cold regions. The mechanism of ice layer formation in fractured rock masses was simulated in this study by conducting frost weathering tests on a simulated rock mass with a vertical through fracture, which was fabricated by splicing two cement blocks. The test results were used to propose a novel mechanism for ice layer formation in terms of the initial crack-frost effect in which moisture mainly migrates in vapor form. The continuous accumulation and growth of these frosts eventually forms an ice layer that expands the crack, and the fractured rock simulation model undergoes frost-heaving damage. The frost layer on the rock wall in the negative temperature region is similar to the frosting process on the cold surface of thermodynamic studies. The relative humidity (RH) gradient and temperature gradient were shown to be the factors affecting water vapor migration, where the former plays a direct and dominant role, and the temperature gradient has a very limited direct effect on vapor migration.
In vivo assessment of mitral valve leaflet remodelling following myocardial infarction
Authors: Rego Bruno V. , Khalighi Amir H. , Lai Eric K. , Gorman Robert C. , Gorman Joseph H. , Sacks Michael S.
Published: October 2022

Each year, more than 40,000 people undergo mitral valve (MV) repair surgery domestically to treat regurgitation caused by myocardial infarction (MI). Although continual MV tissue remodelling following repair is believed to be a major contributor to regurgitation recurrence, the effects of the post-MI state on MV remodelling remain poorly understood. This lack of understanding limits our ability to predict the remodelling of the MV both post-MI and post-surgery to facilitate surgical planning. As a necessary first step, the present study was undertaken to noninvasively quantify the effects of MI on MV remodelling in terms of leaflet geometry and deformation. MI was induced in eight adult Dorset sheep, and real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic (rt-3DE) scans were collected pre-MI as well as at 0, 4, and 8 weeks post-MI. A previously validated image-based morphing pipeline was used to register corresponding open- and closed-state scans and extract local in-plane strains throughout the leaflet surface at systole. We determined that MI induced permanent changes in leaflet dimensions in the diastolic configuration, which increased with time to 4 weeks, then stabilised. MI substantially affected the systolic shape of the MV, and the range of stretch experienced by the MV leaflet at peak systole was substantially reduced when referred to the current time-point. Interestingly, when we referred the leaflet strains to the pre-MI configuration, the systolic strains remained very similar throughout the post-MI period. Overall, we observed that post-MI ventricular remodeling induced permanent changes in the MV leaflet shape. This predominantly affected the MV’s diastolic configuration, leading in turn to a significant decrease in the range of stretch experienced by the leaflet when referenced to the current diastolic configuration. These findings are consistent with our previous work that demonstrated increased plastic (i.e. non-recoverable) leaflet deformations post-MI, that was completely accounted for by the associated changes in collagen fiber structure. Moreover, we demonstrated through noninvasive methods that the state of the MV leaflet can elucidate the progression and extent of MV adaptation following MI and is thus highly relevant to the design of current and novel patient specific minimally invasive surgical repair strategies.
Immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Zheng Yi-Qing , Li He-Jun , Chen Ling , Lin Shun-Ping
Published: October 2022

Progress has been made in COVID-19 vaccine development, with encouraging safety and efficacy data. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). Patients with AIIRD (n = 101) were included in this study. All patients received 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Serum anti-S1/RBD protein IgG was detected 2–16 weeks after the second vaccination. Seropositivity was defined as IgG ≥ 1.00 bound antibody unit S/CO. Immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was assessed by seropositivity rate and the levels of serum IgG antibody against anti-S1/RBD protein, compared with the general population (n = 46). There was no difference by statistical significance in the seropositivity rate between patients with AIIRD (82.2%) and SLE (86.1%) and the control group (93.5%), p > 0.05. The level of anti-S1/RBD protein IgG antibodies in patients with AIIRD (median [IQR], 8.8 [2.2–17.3]) and SLE (median [IQR], 9.6 [2.4–20.4]) was comparable to that in the control group (median [IQR], 7.2 [3.1–14.2]), p > 0.05. Patients treated with glucocorticoids(GCs) (median dose, [IQR]: 2.5 mg/day [IQR 2.5–5.0]) or hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) or GCs + HCQ without other immunomodulatory medications, had an appropriate immunogenic response(88.1%) with high levels of anti-S1/RBD protein IgG(median [IQR], 12.1 [6.5–20.4]). Neither of patients treated with rituximab had positive serum antibodies, which was statistically significant, compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Compared with the control group, methotrexate(MTX) and iguratimod(IGU) was significantly reduced the level of anti-S1/RBD protein IgG antibodies. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccine had appropriate immunogenicity in patients with AIIRD. Immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was severely impaired by rituximab, and also suppressed by MTX and IGU, while low doses of GC and HCQ had negligible effect.
Multilayer perceptron-based prediction of stroke mimics in prehospital triage
Authors: Zhang Zheyu , Zhou Dengfeng , Zhang Jungen , Xu Yuyun , Lin Gaoping , Jin Bo , Liang Yingchuan , Geng Yu , Zhang Sheng
Published: October 2022

The identification of stroke mimics (SMs) in patients with stroke could lead to delayed diagnosis and waste of medical resources. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) was proved to be an accurate tool for clinical applications. However, MLP haven’t been applied in patients with suspected stroke onset within 24 h. Here, we aimed to develop a MLP model to predict SM in patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with a prehospital diagnosis of suspected stroke between July 2017 and June 2021. SMs were confirmed during hospitalization. We included demographic information, clinical manifestations, medical history, and systolic and diastolic pressure on admission. First, the cohort was randomly divided into a training set (70%) and an external testing set (30%). Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used in feature selection and an MLP model was trained based on the selected items. Then, we evaluated the performance of the model using the ten-fold cross validation method. Finally, we used the external testing set to compare the MLP model with FABS scoring system (FABS) and TeleStroke Mimic Score (TM-Score) using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. In total, 402 patients were included. Of these, 82 (20.5%) were classified as SMs. During the ten-fold cross validation, the mean area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 10 training sets and 10 validation sets were 0.92 and 0.87, respectively. In the external testing set, the AUC of the MLP model was significantly higher than that of the FABS (0.855 vs. 0.715, P = 0.038) and TM-Score (0.855 vs. 0.646, P = 0.006). The MLP model had significantly better performance in predicting SMs than FABS and TM-Score.
A pseudovirus-based platform to measure neutralizing antibodies in Mexico using SARS-CoV-2 as proof-of-concept
Authors: Cruz-Cardenas José Antonio , Gutierrez Michelle , López-Arredondo Alejandra , Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Nakamura Yukio , Enciso-Moreno José Antonio , Palomares Laura A. , Brunck Marion E. G.
Published: October 2022

The gold-standard method to evaluate a functional antiviral immune response is to titer neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against a viral pathogen. This is historically performed using an in vitro assay of virus-mediated infection, which requires BSL-3 facilities. As these are insufficient in Latin American countries, including Mexico, scant information is obtained locally about viral pathogens NAb, using a functional assay. An alternative solution to using a BSL-3 assay with live virus is to use a BSL-2-safe assay with a non-replicative pseudovirus. Pseudoviral particles can be engineered to display a selected pathogen’s entry protein on their surface, and to deliver a reporter gene into target cells upon transduction. Here we comprehensively describe the first development of a BSL-2 safe NAbs-measuring functional assay in Mexico, based on the production of pseudotyped lentiviral particles. As proof-of-concept, the assay is based on Nanoluc luciferase-mediated luminescence measurements from target cells transduced with SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles. We applied the optimized assay in a BSL-2 facility to measure NAbs in 65 serum samples, which evidenced the assay with 100% sensitivity, 86.6% specificity and 96% accuracy. Overall, this is the first report of a BSL-2 safe pseudovirus-based functional assay developed in Mexico to measure NAbs, and a cornerstone methodology necessary to measure NAbs with a functional assay in limited resources settings.
The significance of chronic kidney disease, heart failure and cardiovascular disease for mortality in type 1 diabetes: nationwide observational study
Authors: Eliasson Björn , Lyngfelt Lovisa , Strömblad Sven-Olof , Franzén Stefan , Eeg-Olofsson Katarina
Published: October 2022

People with type 1 diabetes have a substantially increased risk of premature death. This nationwide, register-based cohort study evaluated the significance of risk factors and previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure and chronic kidney disease (CKD), for mortality in type 1 diabetes. Nationwide, longitudinal, register-based cohort study. Patients (n = 36,303) listed in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between January 1 2015 and December 31 2017 were included and followed until December 31, 2018. Data were retrieved from national health registries through each patient's unique identifier, to capture data on clinical characteristics, outcomes, or deaths, to describe mortality rates in risk groups. The mean follow-up time was 3.3 years, with 119,800 patient years of observation and 1127 deaths, corresponding to a crude overall mortality of 0.92% deaths/year. Statistically significant increased risk in multivariate analyzes was found in older age groups, in men, and in underweight or people with normal BMI, high HbA1c or blood pressure. A history of CVD, albuminuria and advanced stages of CKD was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Each combination of these conditions further increased the risk of mortality. These results emphasize the importance of risk factors and cardiovascular and renal diabetes complications. People with a combination of CKD, CVD, and heart failure, exhibit a markedly increased risk of dying prematurely. These findings provide strong arguments for optimized and individualized treatment of these groups of people with type 1 diabetes in clinical everyday life.
Multiple mechanisms contribute to fluorometry signals from the voltage-gated proton channel
Authors: Papp Ferenc , Toombes Gilman E. S. , Pethő Zoltán , Bagosi Adrienn , Feher Adam , Almássy János , Borrego Jesús , Kuki Ákos , Kéki Sándor , Panyi Gyorgy , Varga Zoltan
Published: October 2022

Voltage-clamp fluorometry (VCF) supplies information about the conformational changes of voltage-gated proteins. Changes in the fluorescence intensity of the dye attached to a part of the protein that undergoes a conformational rearrangement upon the alteration of the membrane potential by electrodes constitute the signal. The VCF signal is generated by quenching and dequenching of the fluorescence as the dye traverses various local environments. Here we studied the VCF signal generation, using the Hv1 voltage-gated proton channel as a tool, which shares a similar voltage-sensor structure with voltage-gated ion channels but lacks an ion-conducting pore. Using mutagenesis and lipids added to the extracellular solution we found that the signal is generated by the combined effects of lipids during movement of the dye relative to the plane of the membrane and by quenching amino acids. Our 3-state model recapitulates the VCF signals of the various mutants and is compatible with the accepted model of two major voltage-sensor movements.
First direct evidence for direct cell-membrane penetrations of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s produced by bacteria
Authors: Takeuchi Yamato , Ushimaru Kazunori , Kaneda Kohei , Maruyama Chitose , Ito Takashi , Yamanaka Kazuya , Ogasawara Yasushi , Katano Hajime , Kato Yasuo , Dairi Tohru , Hamano Yoshimitsu
Published: October 2022

Bacteria produce polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s, which are characterized by isopeptide backbones. Although the biological significance of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s remains unclear, increasing attention has recently been focused on their potential use to achieve cellular internalization. Here, for the first time, we provide direct evidence that two representative bacterial polycationic isopeptides, ε-poly-l-α-lysine (ε-PαL) and ε-oligo-l-β-lysine (ε-OβL), were internalized into mammalian cells by direct cell-membrane penetration and then diffused throughout the cytosol. In this study, we used clickable ε-PαL and ε-OβL derivatives carrying a C-terminal azide group, which were enzymatically produced and then conjugated with a fluorescent dye to analyze subcellular localization. Interestingly, fluorescent proteins conjugated with the clickable ε-PαL or ε-OβL were also internalized into cells and diffused throughout the cytosol. Notably, a Cre recombinase conjugate with ε-PαL entered cells and mediated the Cre/loxP recombination, and ε-PαL was found to deliver a full-length IgG antibody to the cytosol and nucleus.
Development of a PNA–DiSc2 based portable absorbance platform for the detection of pathogen nucleic acids
Authors: Lad Shailesh B. , Roy Shomdutta , George Jijo Easo , Chakraborti Himadri , Lalsare Saumitra , Barik Bikash , Singh Arushi , Zade Amrutraj , Agrawal Sachee , Shastri Jayanthi , Chatterjee Anirvan , Das Gupta Kantimay , Paul Debjani , Kondabagil Kiran
Published: October 2022

A PortAbs based pathogen nucleic acid detection system using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and a cyanine dye, DiSc2(5). The shift is measured of the absorbance induced by binding of a PNA probe to a complementary DNA strand using a portable two-color absorption system.
Visible-light promoted de Mayo reaction by zirconium catalysis
Authors: Zhang Wenzhao , Luo Sanzhong
Published: October 2022

Zirconium catalysis with ZrCl4was developed to facilitate a de Mayo reaction under visible light conditions without any external photosensitizer and additive.
Caged polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols as Cav3.2 low voltage-gated Ca2+ channel inhibitors from Hypericum curvisepalum
Authors: Ye Yan-Song , Liu Rui , Jiang Na-Na , Li Song-Yu , Nian Yin , Xu Gang
Published: October 2022

Caged PPAPs including an unprecedented octahydro-2,5-methanoindene skeleton were discovered as potent Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitors.
Sacrificial agent-free photocatalytic CO2 reduction using a 2D cobalt porphyrin-based MOF/graphene heterojunction
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wu Changchang , Feng Huifang , Liu Hong
Published: October 2022

A 2D/2D Co-PMOF/graphene heterojunction demonstrates excellent performance towards CO2 reduction under visible-light illumination without any assistance of a sacrificial agent and photosensitizer.
High concentration of methyl orange elimination by targeted construction of an α-Bi2O3/Ph–CC–Cu Z-scheme
Authors: Jiang Hai-Ying , Qian Jing , Hou Jiawei , Tian Meng , Bai Yadi , Li Chengbo
Published: October 2022

We anchored Ph–CC–Cu onto the surface of α-Bi2O3 nanoparticles to directionally construct Z-scheme heterojunctions, which are significantly efficient for the elimination of methyl orange with high concentration (98 mg L−1) in waste water.
Graphite carbon ring modified carbon nitride with a strong built-in electric field for high photocatalysis-self-Fenton performance
Authors: Jian Liang , Zhao Hui , Dong Yuming , Xu Jing , Mao Qinyi , Ji Rong , Yan Zhuying , Pan Chengsi , Wang Guangli , Zhu Yongfa
Published: October 2022

The photocatalysis-self-Fenton is a novel technology for high-fluent degradation and high mineralization of aqueous organic pollutants.
Effect of the structural integrity on the size and porosity of gold-implanted mixed-metal oxide nanocomposites: their influence on the photocatalytic degradation of thioanisole
Authors: Santiago Cuevas Alan Javier , Palacios Cabrera Cristian Brayan , Huerta Aguilar Carlos Alberto , Padilla-Martínez Itzia Irene , Thangarasu Pandiyan , Velázquez Contreras Enrique Fernando , Alonzo Fernando Rocha , Narayanan Jayanthi
Published: October 2022

High structural integrity and interfacial binding strength between gold and CeO2-ZrO2 enhanced their photocatalytic activity over thioanisole degradation.
Remodelling the surface of thioredoxin from Escherichia coli by grafting an iron-binding site from the CyaY protein family
Authors: Vazquez Diego S. , Agudelo William A. , Ferrer-Sueta Gerardo , Giraudo Laura , González Lebrero Mariano C. , Aran Martín , Santos Javier
Published: October 2022

The iron-binding motif EexxED from the frataxin family was grafted on the surface of E. coli thioredoxin. The variant showed native-conformational features and was enzimatically functional in the context of the new protein structure.
In situ electrochemical activation of Co(OH)2@Ni(OH)2 heterostructures for efficient ethanol electrooxidation reforming and innovative zinc–ethanol–air batteries
Authors: Li Zilong , Ning Shunlian , Xu Jinchang , Zhu Junmin , Yuan Zhixuan , Wu Yinlong , Chen Jian , Xie Fangyan , Jin Yanshuo , Wang Nan , Meng Hui , Sun Shuhui
Published: October 2022

Based on the innovative strategy of EOR replacing OER, we originally proposed a “zinc–ethanol–air battery” achieving superior performance, which brought a new research direction for metal–air batteries.
Lithium deposition mechanism on Si and Cu substrates in the carbonate electrolyte
Authors: Sun Junhui , Peng Jiaying , Ring Terry , Whittaker-Brooks Luisa , Zhu Juner , Fraggedakis Dimitrios , Niu Jin , Gao Tao , Wang Feng
Published: October 2022

The nucleation and growth mechanisms of Li deposits on Si and Cu substrates in commercial carbonate electrolyte are detailly presented, which indicates how various design parameters regulate Li deposit morphology and affect battery performance.
Strains producing different short-chain fatty acids alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal microecology
Authors: Yang Shuo , Shang Jiacui , Liu Lijun , Tang Zongxin , Meng Xiangchen
Published: October 2022

B. bifidum H3-R2, P. freudenreichii B1 and C. butyricum C1-6 exert protective effects against DSS-induced UC in mice by modulating inflammatory factors, intestinal barrier, related signalling pathways, gut microbiome and SCFAs levels.
Mechanistic understanding of the effect of alloying Au with Ni on N2 electroreduction into NH3: theoretical considerations
Authors: Ou Lihui , Hu Peiyu , Chen Yuandao , Jin Junling
Published: October 2022

It is shown that only associative distal mechanisms via the NNH2 intermediate can occur for N2 electroreduction because of the significantly lower formation barrier for NNH2 that that for NHNH at the Au1Ni1(111)/H2O interface.
A highly efficient rGO grafted MoS2 nanocomposite for dye adsorption and electrochemical detection of hydroquinone in wastewater
Authors: Verma Sakshi , Pandey Chandra Mouli , Kumar D.
Published: October 2022

Scheme depicting the synthesis and the fabrication of rGO–MoS2 nanocomposite-based enzymatic biosensor for estimation of hydroquinone.
Silicon particles coated with a metal–organic framework as anodes for enhanced lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Houxuan , Dai Kehua , Feng Yan
Published: October 2022

A new type of MOF coated Si anode material was synthesized by a simple physical mixing method followed by pyrolysis.
Copper-catalyzed intramolecular iminolactonization cyclization reactions of remote C(sp3)–H bonds in carboxamides
Authors: Wei He , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhang Xiang , Gao Shuo , Wang Tongtong , Zhao Mengmeng , Wei Pifeng , Wang Min
Published: October 2022

A novel and efficient synthetic method for iminolactones by copper-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of carboxamides via a cascade process is reported for the first time.
Catalytic divergent synthesis of imidazoles via reaction condition-dependent [3 + 2] cyclization of TosMIC
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Gu Man-Zhen , Chen Yi-Yuan , Hu Xiao-Wei , Xu Yi-Bing , Lin Xiao-Min , Liu Xin-Ni , Chen Long , Chen Guo-Shu , Liu Yun-Lin
Published: October 2022

A base-catalyzed divergent synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted or 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles through TosMIC-based [3 + 2] cyclization reaction has been developed.
3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds with MoSe2 nanocrystals as photothermal agents for bone tumor therapy
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Yingzhi , Dong Xiaoming , Wang Hao , Chen Bo , Li Ruiyan , Qin Yanguo , Ivasishin Orest
Published: October 2022

3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds functionalized with MoSe2 could be used for bone tumor therapy and bone repair.
Direct selenosulfonylation of unsaturated compounds: a review
Authors: Abdtawfeeq Tarik Hafdhi , Mahmood Evan Abdulkareem , Azimi Seyedeh Bahareh , Kadhim Mustafa M. , Kareem Rzgar Tawfeeq , Charati Faramarz Rostami , Vessally Esmail
Published: October 2022

In this review, we have discussed recent developments on the direct selenosulfonylation of unsaturated compounds which lead to the formation of two new carbon-sulfur and carbon-selenium bonds in a single operation.
Large-scale synthesis of mixed valence K3[Fe2S4] with high dielectric and ferrimagnetic characteristics
Authors: Ghazanfari Mohammad R. , Santhosh Archa , Vrijmoed Johannes C. , Siemensmeyer Konrad , Peters Bertram , Dehnen Stefanie , Jerabek Paul , Thiele Günther
Published: October 2022

Large scale, high purity synthesis of K3[Fe2S4] which indicates soft ferrimagnetic, high dielectric and semiconductive characteristics.
Upcycling green carbon black as a reinforcing agent for styrene–butadiene rubber materials
Authors: Lee So-Hyeon , Kim Jun-Hyun , Park Hyun-Ho
Published: October 2022

Green carbon black (GCB) could be upcyclable as an eco-friendly filler for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)-based composite materials to replace conventional virgin carbon black (VCB) upon properly utilizing POSS.
Promoting the mechanism of OMS-2 for gas adsorption in different K+ concentrations
Authors: Du Shuangli , Zhang Huan , Deng Cunbao , Wang Xuefeng , Zhai Ruicong , Wen Zhijie
Published: October 2022

Adsorption performances between the OMS-2 catalyst and CH4 and O2 molecules are enhanced with increasing tunnel K+ concentration.
Nitroenediamines (EDAMs), and N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine (NMSM) derivatives: scaffolds for heterocycle molecular diversity (update from 2012 to 2021)
Authors: Abedinifar Fahimeh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: October 2022

This review highlights recent heterocyclization of the nitroenediamine derivatives based on catalyst and catalyst-free approaches from 2012 onwards.
LSCF–WO3 semiconductor composite electrolytes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Jin Xiaoqian , Gao Cui , Liu Zhi , Dong Wenjing , Xia Chen , Wang Baoyuan , Wang Hao , Wang Xunying
Published: October 2022

SOFC with 8LSCF–2WO3 electrolyte exhibited an excellent power density (Pmax) of 812 mW cm−2 at 550 °C due to the increased ionic conductivity and decreased activation energy.
Outstanding fluoride removal from aqueous solution by a La-based adsorbent
Authors: Yang Weisen , Shi Fengshuo , Jiang Wenlong , Chen Yuhuang , Zhang Kaiyin , Jian Shaoju , Jiang Shaohua , Zhang Chunmei , Hu Jiapeng
Published: October 2022

A La-based adsorbent was prepared with La(NO3)3·6H2O, 2-methylimidazole and DMF via amide-hydrolysis and used for fluoride decontamination from aqueous water.
NiFe double hydroxide coated on sulfur-modified NiMoO4 nanorods as core–shell structured catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Mengyang , Zhang Mingyi , Chang Xin , Ding Xinyao , Mu Jingbo
Published: October 2022

NiFe double hydroxide coated on sulfur-modified NiMoO4 nanorods exhibited both enhanced electrocatalytic activity and excellent long-term stability for the OER.
What do we know about the production and release of persistent organic pollutants in the global environment?
Authors: Li Li , Chen Chengkang , Li Dingsheng , Breivik Knut , Abbasi Golnoush , Li Yi-Fan
Published: October 2022

As of 2020, a cumulative total of 31 306 kilotonnes of manmade persistent organic pollutants had been synthesized and commercialized worldwide, resulting in cumulative releases of 20 348 kilotonnes into the global environment.
Negative valence systems: sustained threat and the predatory imminence continuum
Authors: Fanselow Michael S.
Published: October 2022

This review describes the relationship between the National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.A.) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Negative Valence System related to responses to threat and the Predatory Imminence Continuum model of antipredator defensive behavior. While the original RDoC constructs of Potential Threat (anxiety) and Acute Threat (fear) fit well with the pre-encounter and post-encounter defense modes of the predatory imminence model, the Sustained Threat construct does not. Early research on the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) suggested that when fear responding needed to be sustained for a prolonged duration this region was important. However, follow-up studies indicated that the BST becomes critical not because responses needed to be sustained but rather when the stimuli triggering fear were more difficult to learn about, particularly when aversive stimuli were difficult to accurately predict. Instead, it is argued that the BST and the hippocampus act to expand the range of conditions that can trigger post-encounter defense (Acute Threat). It is further suggested that sustained threat refers to situations where the predatory imminence continuum becomes distorted causing defensive behavior to intrude into times when organisms should be engaging in other adaptive behaviors. Stress is seen as something that can cause a long-term disturbance of the continuum and this disturbance is a state of sustained threat.
Simulation and experimental study of power flow in a seven‐phase transformer under fault conditions
Authors: Husain Mohamed Aslam , Tabrez Md , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Nat Aslam , Mahmood Farhad Muhsin
Published: October 2022

Fault analysis is necessary to design a protection system and circuit breakers for a power system network. The multiphase system is a new technology so very little work is found for the fault analysis of a multiphase system contrary, unlike a three‐phase system. The faults in a seven‐phase system may be either symmetrical or non‐symmetrical. A non‐symmetrical fault requires studying the sequence components of a seven‐phase system using Fortescue transformation. In the paper, non‐symmetrical fault analysis of the seven‐phase system has been analysed. For this, a new definition of sequence components of an unbalanced seven‐phase system has been proposed in this paper. Then the proposed sequence components are applied to different faults studies at the input and output sides of a seven‐phase transformer. Further, the effect of the construction of a seven‐phase transformer, that is, core type and shell type on its output is studied. Moreover, the effect of open‐phase input is analysed using simulation and hardware results. From the analysis, it is found that in certain configurations of a seven‐phase transformer, the seven‐phase output is produced even though open‐phase fault is present at the input while in other configurations, seven‐phase is not produced in the case of open‐phase fault.
Probabilistic stability of small disturbance in wind power system based on a variational Bayes and Lyapunov theory using PMU data
Authors: Yu Miao , Li Jinglin , Zhang Shouzhi
Published: October 2022

With the distribution of the large‐scale emergence of wind power connected to the power system, the stability problem of small disturbance has become increasingly prominent, especially the low‐frequency oscillation phenomenon caused by the weak or the negative damping. Aiming at the problem of probabilistic stability of small disturbance in power system connected with wind power, this paper proposes a method of probabilistic stability based on a variational Bayes and Lyapunov theory using PMU data. This method aims to minimize the computational efficiency when the number of wide‐area time series PMU data is large. Firstly, PMU data are classified by the Random Forest Gini classification index. Secondly, a variational Bayesian framework is introduced to improve the computational efficiency. And then, to obtain the probabilistic stability criterion, this framework is combined with the direct Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper greatly improves the system probabilistic stability of small disturbance. The comparison between the traditional Monte Carlo based on the Markov chain method and the method in this paper has been achieved, which could provide the theoretical support for the study of the low‐frequency oscillation significantly.
Video abnormal behaviour detection based on pseudo‐3D encoder and multi‐cascade memory mechanism
Authors: Wen Xiaopeng , Lai Huicheng , Gao Guxue , Zhao Yanjie
Published: October 2022

Frame prediction methods based on Auto‐Encoder (AE) composed of convolutional neural networks (CNN) are very popular in detecting abnormal behaviour. The methods predict normal behaviour accurately and abnormal behaviour incorrectly, which is considered a criterion for abnormality discrimination. However, the emergence of problems such as too strong AE representation leading to detection failure, the insufficient ability of the network to extract spatio‐temporal information, a large number of model parameters and slow running speed leads to the need for the method to be further improved. In this work, the authors propose a network framework for abnormal behaviour detection in video based on a pseudo‐3D encoder and a multi‐cascade memory mechanism (MMP3D). First of all, the encoder consisting of pseudo‐3D convolution is used to extract spatio‐temporal information from the video. Then, the multi‐cascade memory mechanism (MM) and the multi‐headed prototype attention mechanism are used to store and aggregate features of normal behaviour, which solves to some extent the problem of detection failure caused by strong AE representation power. Finally, the decoder designed by the 2D deconvolution layers is used to recover the prediction information. The efficiency and superiority of our method is validated on the Ped2 dataset, Avenue dataset, and ShanghaiTech dataset.
Continuous learning deraining network based on residual FFT convolution and contextual transformer module
Authors: Zhang Zhijia , Wu Sinan , Peng Xinming , Wang Wanting , Li Rui
Published: October 2022

Single image deraining work has attracted a lot of attention. So an effective single image deraining network model, RFCTNet, is designed. Specifically, the residual Fast Fourier Transform convolution module is used as a baseline for the deraining network. The advantage is its ability to capture both long and short‐term information interactions and to integrate high and low‐frequency background information for delivery. And a novel Transformer module, the Contextual Transformer module, is introduced. Contextual knowledge of the rain streaks neighbourhood is learned to improve the recovery of textures and information in the image background based on focusing on the rain pattern features. Because of the overlap between rain streaks, removing them in one stage is difficult, so a multi‐stage progressive rain removal method is used. Considering the catastrophic forgetting problem of deep learning, a continuous learning method, PIGWM, is adopted, which is c and enables the network model to memorize of the previous data set. Also, the rain removal method RFCTNet has been proven through extensive experiments to outperform other advanced methods' evaluation metrics on both synthetic and real datasets. The source code can be found on https://github.com/SUTwu/RFCTNet
Titanium abundances in late-type stars
Authors: Mallinson J. W. E. , Lind K. , Amarsi A. M. , Barklem P. S. , Grumer J. , Belyaev A. K. , Youakim K.
Published: October 2022

Context. The titanium abundances of late-type stars are important tracers of Galactic formation history. However, abundances inferred from Ti I and Ti II lines can be in stark disagreement in very metal-poor giants. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) have a large impact on the minority neutral species and thus influence the ionisation imbalance, but satisfactory non-LTE modelling for both dwarfs and giants has not been achieved in the literature.

Aims. The reliability of titanium abundances is reassessed in benchmark dwarfs and giants using a new non-LTE model 1D model atmospheres.

Methods. A comprehensive model atom was compiled with a more extended level structure and newly published data for inelastic collisions between Ti I and neutral hydrogen.

Results. In 1D LTE, the Ti I and Ti II lines agree to within 0.06 dex for the Sun, Arcturus, and the very metal-poor stars HD 84937 and HD 140283. For the very metal-poor giant HD 122563, the Ti I lines give an abundance that is 0.47 dex lower than that from Ti II . The 1D non-LTE corrections can reach +0.4 dex for individual Ti I lines and +0.1 dex for individual Ti II lines, and they reduce the overall ionisation imbalance to −0.17 dex for HD 122563. However, the corrections also increase the imbalance for the very metal-poor dwarf and sub-giant to around 0.2 dex.

Conclusions. Using 1D non-LTE reduces the ionisation imbalance in very metal-poor giants but breaks the balance of other very metal-poor stars, consistent with conclusions drawn in the literature. To make further progress, consistent 3D non-LTE models are needed.
The optically elusive, changing-look active nucleus in NGC 4156
Authors: Tozzi Giulia , Lusso Elisabeta , Casetti Lapo , Romoli Marco , Andreuzzi Gloria , Montoya Arroyave Isabel , Nardini Emanuele , Cresci Giovanni , Middei Riccardo , Bertolini Silvia , Calabretto Paolo , Cammelli Vieri , Cuadra Francisco , Dalla Ragione Marco , Marconcini Cosimo , Miceli Adriano , Mini Irene , Palazzini Martina , Rotellini Giorgio , Saccardi Andrea , Samà Lavinia , Sangalli Mattia , Serafini Lorenzo , Spaccino Fabio
Published: October 2022

We report on the changing-look nature of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the galaxy NGC 4156, which was serendipitously discovered thanks to data acquired in 2019 at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) during a student observing programme. Previous optical spectra had never shown any signatures of broad-line emission, and evidence of the AGN had come only from X-ray observations, given the optical narrow-line flux ratios made it unfeasible to unambiguously denote it as a Seyfert galaxy. Our 2019 TNG data unexpectedly revealed the appearance of broad-line components in both the Hα and Hβ profiles, along with a rise of the continuum, thus implying a changing-look AGN transitioning from a type 2 (no broad-line emission) towards a (nearly) type 1. The broad-line emission has then been confirmed by our 2022 follow-up observations, whereas the rising continuum is no longer been detected, which hints at a further evolution backwards to a (nearly) type 2. The presence of broad-line components also allowed us to obtain the first single-epoch estimate of the black hole mass (log(MBH/M⊙)∼8.1) in this source. The observed spectral variability might be the result of a change in the accretion activity of NGC 4156, although variable absorption cannot be completely excluded.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Alstonlarsine A: Old Reactions in Modern Alkaloids Synthesis
Authors: Ferjancic Zorana B. , Bihelovic Filip J.
Published: October 2022

(+)-Alstonlarsine A is a recently isolated monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, possessing a novel pentacyclic skeleton and interesting biological activity, making it an attractive target for synthetic chemists. In this article we focus on its total synthesis, grounded on enamine formation/Diels–Alder reaction domino sequence, as well as a novel methodology for indole C2 functionalization via carbenoid insertion, which could also allow for the synthesis of other indole alkaloids possessing cycloalka[b]indole subunits.1 Introduction

2 Diels–Alder Reaction

3 Methodology Studies

4 Total Synthesis of (+)-Alstonlarsine A by Bihelovic and Ferjancic

5 Total Synthesis of (+)-Alstonlarsine A by Zhai

6 Summary
Expository Discourse Production in School-Age Children across Two Scaffolded Tasks
Authors: Guilkey Anna M. , Wagovich Stacy A.
Published: October 2022

School-age children encounter expository discourse daily in the classroom, and skilled understanding and production of expository language is critical for academic success. The purpose of this study was to compare children's production of two types of expository discourse, generation and retell, while employing a scaffolded note-taking procedure to assist children in developing their samples. Twenty-six typically developing children, 9 to 12 years of age, participated in the study. For the expository generation task, children gave an explanation of a favorite activity, and for the retell task they viewed a video and provided an explanation of the information in the video. Overall, expository generation samples were longer and richer in content, but expository retell samples demonstrated greater lexical diversity. In addition, generation samples contained fewer grammatical errors than retell samples (trend), but measures of syntactic complexity, which were positively related across tasks, were not significantly different between sample types. Findings suggest that using a scaffolded procedure for supporting expository production resulted in (1) samples that were long enough for valid analysis of the children's language and (2) the production of utterances that, on average, were longer than reported in similar studies without scaffolding. The potential impact of comprehension on retell task performance is discussed.
From uprising to secession: a plea for a localized and processual approach to the avatars of the yellow vest movement
Authors: Fillieule Olivier , Dafflon Alexandre , Bendali Zakaria , Beramendi Maite , Morselli Davide
Published: October 2022

For about fifteen years now, so-called leaderless movements, often stemming from appeals via social networks and having recourse to lasting or episodic occupations of public spaces have flourished. This has had the effect of calling into question the usual toolkit used by social movement scholars to study them. More precisely, it is a question of which levels, dimensions and units of analysis are relevant, especially when it comes to describe movements’ social base and worldviews. In this paper, based on a localized and a long-term collective undertaking, begun from the very beginning of the Yellow Vests movement in November 2018, we discuss those shortcomings and suggest avenues for analysis. We rely on three sets of data in a concomitant manner: life history calendars, social media data (mainly Facebook) and field research (participant observation and biographical interviews). By considering time and place as key variables, we offer an innovative way to describe how the YVs movement has been constructed in a constant flux of change.
The role of vote advice application in direct-democratic opinion formation: an experiment from Switzerland
Authors: Stadelmann-Steffen Isabelle , Rajski Hannah , Ruprecht Sophie
Published: October 2022

In an increasingly digitized world, vote advice applications (VAAs) seem to be effective in providing voters with personalized information about their own positions vis-à-vis parties’ positions and specific policies. Even though electoral research has increasingly paid attention to the role VAAs play in voter’s opinion formation, very few studies have examined VAAs in the context of direct-democratic decisions. This article fills this gap by providing new insights into how VAAs affect individual decision-making in popular votes theoretically and empirically. We use novel data from the referendum campaign on the 2017 new energy law in Switzerland: a VAA experiment carried out in the framework of a three-wave panel survey. In the third wave, which took place a week before the referendum, respondents were randomly assigned to a treatment group and a control group; only the former was shown the VAA and made to use it. The results indicate two main takeaways. First, that using a VAA has a tangible effect inasmuch as the share of undecided voters is smaller among the treatment than among the control group. Second, VAA usage can have both a persuasive effect (i.e., it can change vote intentions) and an intensifying effect (i.e., it can strengthen voters’ preexisting intentions).
Measurement of the concentration- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient and activation energy via diffusion image analysis
Authors: Wei Li , Pu Xiaoyun , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: October 2022

Problems associated with obtaining measurements of the concentration- and temperature-dependent liquid diffusion coefficient, D(C, T), and the concentration-dependent diffusion activation energy, Ea(C), include large experimental workload and time consumption. To account for these, this paper introduces an optical method for rapidly measuring D(C, T) and Ea(C), based on the imagery of a liquid-core cylindrical lens (LCL) and numerical calculation. This method requires only one diffusion image obtained from the diffusion experiment, and D(C) is measured at a particular temperature. First, we measured the D(C) coefficients of glycerin solution at 288.0, 293.0, 298.0, 303.0, 308.0, 313.0, and 318.0 K. Then, the ray tracing theory was used to study the ray propagation law in the LCL composed of an inhomogeneous solution, which simulated the diffusion images of the entire experimental process and provided a method to verify the measured values of D(C). Finally, the law of diffusion activation energy varying with concentration was discussed based on the Arrhenius theory and the acquired values of D(C, T). This study further improves the measurement technology for D(C, T) and Ea(C) and provides an efficient methodology to build extensive D(C, T) and Ea(C) databases in the biochemical, medical, semiconductor, and environmental protection industries.