bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer analysis using a duct filled with metal foams
Authors: BANERJEE Abhisek , PAUL Diplina
Published: July 2022

Thick-walled pipe experiencing internal flow is widely used in a variety of applications in the industry. Some of the most prominent ones are heat exchangers, heat pipes, furnaces, etc. In this study, conjugate heat transfer has been examined in a pipe filled with a porous medium experiencing a constant external heat flux. Th e an al ysis is ba se d on a tw o- dimensional domain using a quasi-thermal equilibrium model. Effects of porosity, pore density, Reynold’s number and thermal conductivity of solid and fluid on the Nusselt number have been studied. Three types of porous foams based on the pore density have been chosen for the analysis: 10 PPI, 40 PPI and 60 PPI. The results have been generalized for use in a wide range of Newtonian fluids. Additionally, the pressure drops across the pipes fi ll ed wi th po ro us media have been studied as a function of pore density and Reynold’s number. Numerical results indicate augmented performance with porous foams of high pore densities. However, using a porous medium with higher pore density leads to higher pressure drop, thus needing pumping power. The computational model used in this manuscript predicts that Nusselt number is increased by 38.7 % with Reynold’s number < 10000, when the porous medium is changed from 10 PPI to 60 PPI. The numerical data presented in the manuscript supports the application of low porosity foam with low pore density to achieve better thermal transport at the cost of pressure drop.
Performance Analysis of Sharia Banking in Indonesia: Abu Zahrah Maqasid Shariah Index Approach
Authors: Suprayitno Eko , Haq Yunan Syaiful
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the performance of Islamic Banking (IB) in Indonesia through the maqashid shariah index Abu Zahrah approach. Performance appraisal on Islamic Banking (IB) is generally done through financial performance measurements without including non-financial performance measurements.  Furthermore, this study uses descriptive quantitative research methods, namely an approach with a ratio value that can be calculated and described. The research object is 3 Islamic banks in Indonesia registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and published their financial reports for 2018-2020. The results showed that Panin Dubai Sharia Bank obtained the best MSI score among 2 other Islamic banks with an MSI value of 38.59%. Furthermore, Bank BRI Sharia with an MSI score of 30.38%, and finally Bank BTPN Sharia with an MSI score of 30.24%. Panin Dubai Sharia Bank is more focused on achieving maqashid sharia aspects than the other 2 Islamic banks.
Impact of day of delivery on obstetric and perinatal outcome: a 10 years retrospective descriptive and analytical study at the Phillipe Maguilen Senghor Health Centre, Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Wade Mouhamadou , Gueye Mamour , Mbodji Aissatou , Ndiaye Mame Diarra , Fall Ababacar Niakhana , Sene Mouhamet , Sow Pahté , Diallo Daouda Adama , Sylla Mouhamadou Nazir , Mbaye Magatte
Published: July 2022

Background: For a lot of women, childbirth is still a feared moment. Despite considerable progress in the management of childbirth and its complications, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality are still a major problem even in developed countries. To evaluate the influence of day of delivery on obstetrical and perinatal outcome.Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted at the Philippe Maguilen SENGHOR health center maternity ward from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2019, on patients with a pregnancy of more than 22 weeks of amenorrhea who were received for delivery management. The deliveries periods were divided according to whether they occurred on a working day (deliveries from Monday to Friday, excluding public holidays) or on weekends and public holidays (deliveries on Saturdays, Sundays and days declared as public holidays according to the Gregorian and Senegalese event calendars). The data were extracted from our E-perinatal database and analysed in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 24, Mac version).Results: Over 102 months, we recorded 42 870 deliveries. The average age of the patients was 27 years with extremes of 13 and 50 years. Nearly one in three deliveries took place on a holiday or weekend (n=13566-31.6%). The rate of caesarean delivery on weekends/holidays (18.8%) was lower than that on weekdays (21%). The odds ratio of having/benefiting from a weekend/holiday caesarean section was 0.87 (CI 0.83-0.92, p<0.0001). Our results suggest that patients who deliver on weekdays are more likely to receive a caesarean section than those who deliver on weekends or holidays. Perineal injury, World Health Organization obstetric complications, and neonatal outcome showed no significant difference by day of delivery.Conclusions: Our results contradict the idea that deliveries on weekends and holidays are more risky for patients and their children.
Effect of gold nanocomposites treatment on male reproductive function under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia
Authors: Kaleynikova Oksana N. , Ukrainska Svetlana I. , Sribna Valentine A. , Velykiy Vasyl Y. , Vinogradova-Anyk Alena A. , Tarasova Katerina V. , Lagodich Tatiana S. , Karvatskiy Igor M. , Voznesenska Tetyana Y. , Blashkiv Taras V.
Published: July 2022

Background: Given the urgency of the problem of clinical and experimental pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the reproductive function disorders and their correction, the direction of research was determined in the following way: to establish the functional state of testicular cells and appendages under experimental hyperglycemia, and to assess future prospects for gold nanoparticles for clinical trials. The aims to evaluate the effect of five times treatment with gold nanocomposites (gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the polymer matrix D-g-PAA(PE) on male reproductive function under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia.Methods: Experiments (two series) have been conducted on 120 (60 males and 60 females) Albino white laboratory mice (weighing 25-30 gm). Experimental hyperglycemia, a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) was reproduced by administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (internally peritoneally). The treatment of substances was carried out in the following way: D-g-PAA (PE) (10.00 mg/kg), D-g-PAA (PE)/AuNPs (9.78 mg/kg) in the tail vein, in 0.3 ml, once a day, five times, 2 weeks after EG induction once a day, five times.Results: it was established for the first time that there is disorder of male reproductive function under conditions of experimental hyperglycemia and five-fold treatment of gold nanocomposites (D-g-PAA(PE)/AuNPs, namely an increase in the number of abnormal sperm and a decrease in spermatids, as well as an increase in preimplantation mortality of embryos (compared to this value under experimental hyperglycemia).Conclusions: Our new data suggest that treatment with such gold nanocomposites (gold nanoparticles in D-g-PAA (PE) polymer matrix) are not critical for therapeutic use (in photodynamic chemotherapy), even in hyperglycemia when there is diabetes.
Screening and prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among pregnant women
Authors: Pandey Mily , Singh Sarita , Attri Manish
Published: July 2022

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency (serum vitamin B12 <148pmol/L) is considered to be an important cause of anaemia in pregnancy. Pregnant women with this deficiency have an increased risk of developing preeclampsia, intra-uterine growth retardation and preterm labour. The current study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant women and its association with their dietary habits and socioeconomic status.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care institute over a period of 2 months. Pregnant women visiting antenatal OPD were included in the study and those receiving vitamin B12 supplements, antacids, antiepileptic medication or methotrexate were excluded. Each participant was subjected to a predesigned structured questionnaire and their serum vitamin B12 concentration was done using quantitative determination by microplate enzyme immunoassay.Results: Of the 97 women included, majority were in the age group 20-25years (57.73%). 87.62% (85 women) were found to have anaemia and a total of 44women (45.36%) had vitamin B12 deficiency.Conclusions: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in north India is considerably high, which may be the cause of neural tube defects and poor birth outcomes and neurological deficit in children born to these mothers.
Serum estradiol concentrations as a predictor of successful outcome in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Tomar Abhilasha N. , Nadkarni Vaibhav N. , Garasia Jigna S. , Nadkarni Purnima K.
Published: July 2022

Background: The role of late follicular serum estradiol monitoring in artificial FET cycles remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum estradiol levels on the day of starting progesterone supplementation with clinical pregnancy rates in FET cycle.Methods: This was a non-interventional observational cohort study of patients undergoing ICSI followed by FET at Nadkarni hospital and test tube baby center, Killa-Pardi, Gujarat during the period of January 2021 to May 2021. Total 64 cycles were studied and serum estradiol levels were analyzed on the day of starting progesterone supplementation. They were divided into 3 groups based on serum E2 levels (0-25th centile, 25th-75th centile and >75th centile). Chi square/Fisher exact test were used to compare the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates between these groups.Results: Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates in group A, B and C were 68.8%, 78.1%, 75% and 36.98±9.06, 32.03±4.48 and 29.69±5.69 respectively.Conclusions: Serum estradiol levels before progesterone supplementation in FET cycles do not predict the outcome of FET cycle therefore making routine monitoring of serum estradiol in FET cycle of questionable value.
Menstruation and related disorders in Indian adolescent girls: an observational study
Authors: Patil Varsha N. , Nannaware Dipika T.
Published: July 2022

Background: Menstrual disorders are a common presentation and leading reasons for the physician office visits by adolescents. With this preview, we have made an attempt to evaluate the current changes in the age of menarche, menstruation patterns, the incidence of common menstrual disorders and their etiologies. Aims and objectives of the current study was to evaluate the menstrual disorders, their etiology and treatment modalities in adolescents in tertiary health care setup.Methods: An observational study was carried out on female patients in adolescent age group attending OPD of obstetrics and gynecology, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, India. The selected women were explained about the protocol, purpose of the study and were requested to complete the questionnaires to elicit information relating to demographic features, menarche age, and menstrual characteristics. Results were tabulated and analyzed.Results: A total number of 100 cases were included in this study, among them majority were in 16-19 years age group (64%), 79% of the study population belong to the lower class. It was observed that 55% study subject had dysmenorrhoea, 65% had irregular menses, 52% oligomenorrhoea, 13% polymenorrhoea, 28% had menorrhagia, 2% amenorrhea, 10% with PCOS and 2% with endometriosis, 4% with hypothyroidism, 4% with hyperprolactinemia. Most of the study subject responded well to analgesics and hormonal therapy.Conclusions: Menstrual irregularity needs to be evaluated with utmost sensitivity and treated promptly. Lack of sufficient knowledge, awareness regarding menstruation among adolescent girls and social embarrassment should be tackled with education.
Pregnancy outcome of elective and emergency caesarean section in uncomplicated term pregnancies: an observational comparative study
Authors: Sebastian Gisi , Abraham Robin Joseph , Ulahannan Rahul T.
Published: July 2022

Background: The most performed surgical procedure in obstetrics is cesarean section. Purpose of this study is to establish the maternal and neonatal outcome after emergency and elective cesarean section, and identifying preventable risk factors wherever possible.Methods This is n observational comparative study done at Al Azhar medical college Thodupuzha, Kerala, India on 185 pregnant women who underwent cesarean section and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the department of obstetrics and gynecology. After taking consent patients were identified into two groups based on type of cesarean section that is elective or emergency. In elective cesarean section group 79 women were studied whereas emergency cesarean section group 106 women were studied. Maternal parameters like indication of cesarean section, intra operative and post-operative complications were analyzed. Neonatal parameters like respiratory distress syndrome, NICU admissions, APGAR score were analyzed.Results: Most number of cases in elective cesarean section group underwent cesarean section for prior cesarean section for maternal request (89%) and for emergency cesarean section for fetal distress (32%). Intraoperative, post-operative complications and adverse neonatal outcome were more with emergency CS group.Conclusions: Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome was found to be more in emergency cesarean section compared to elective cesarean section. Inducing labor with proper indication, assessment of cephalopelvic disproportion and intrapartum monitoring using partogram are some of the preventable factors identified to reduce adverse outcome.
A retrospective study on various methods used in second trimester MTP at KIMS hospital and research centre, Bangalore
Authors: J. Sankalpa A. , T. Jayanthy , A. Sanvithi
Published: July 2022

Background: Despite the fact that majority of abortions are performed in the first trimester, 10-15% of abortions have taken place in the second trimester period globally because of delayed diagnosis of fetal anomalies and failure to recognize an undesired pregnancy in the first trimester. This study aims to describe the various methods used in inducing second trimester abortions and to analyse the efficacy and safety profile of these methods.Methods: Retrospective observational study. This study analysed case records of 30 patients who underwent second trimester abortion between the gestations of 12 and 28 weeks. All case records of patients who underwent second trimester abortion between the gestation 12 and 28 weeks from 1st January 2021 to 1st August 2021 at the department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, KIMS hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore was analysed. Dilapan-s (hygroscopic mechanical dilator), Foley’s and mifepristone for cervical ripening followed by varying doses of misoprostol are the different methods studied in this study population.Results: Most of the patients in study population belonged to the age group of 28-32 years. 60% patients underwent MTP between the gestational ages of 16-20weeks.The commonest indication for MTP was fetal anomaly.Conclusions: Mifepristone group had short induction to abortion interval but was associated with higher rates of retained placenta bits. Foleys group had the longest induction to abortion interval but reported no complications.
Effect of systemic lupus erythematosus on pregnancy outcome: a study of 40 cases at a tertiary health care center
Authors: Pereira Brynivalentina James , Patel Babulal S. , Shah Akshay C. , Parikh Purvi M. , Kumar Mahima M.
Published: July 2022

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease in which organs and cells undergo damage initially mediated by tissue-binding autoantibodies and immune complexes. SLE has an impact on various organ systems. Ninety percent of the patients are women of child-bearing age thus pregnancies and its outcomes are of particular importance among women with SLE. The current study aims to study the maternal and foetal outcomes in SLE patients and to identify the predictors of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnancy.Methods: Data of 60 pregnancies of 40 female SLE patients from September 2019 to May 2021 in V. S. general hospital, Ahmedabad, were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients met the 2012 SLICC classification criteria for SLE. SLE disease activity in pre-pregnancy state and during pregnancy were retrospectively evaluated using SLE disease activity index-(SLEDAI), based on medical history, physical examination and immunological evaluation. SLE disease activity during the current non pregnant state was also calculated using SLEDAI.Results: In our study carried out 3 years among 60 pregnancies, the disease flared up in 23 pregnancies (38.3%).  Out of 60 pregnancies with SLE, there 17 (28.3%) unfavourable outcomes. Unfavourable outcomes were significantly higher in patients with SLE flare (14, 60.9%). Similarly, patients with lupus nephritis (8, 66.7%) had unfavourable outcome.Conclusions: In spite of tertiary level care in the hospital, foetal loss is a significant risk in these patients, so proper periconceptional counselling should be done
Relaparotomy in obstetrics and gynecological surgeries: a retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: N. Sunanda , Aisha Talath
Published: July 2022

Background: Relaparotomy is biggest dilemma to the surgeon as well as to the patient to undergo second surgery in a short span of time. It may be required due to post-operative complications as lifesaving procedure. Objectives of this study are to determine the risk factors, indications, management and outcome in obstetric and gynecological surgeries in a tertiary care hospital attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute (MMCRI), Mysore.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study for the duration of 5 years from January 2016 to December 2020 in Cheluvamba Hospital attached to MMCRI, Mysore.Results: Incidence of relaparotomy was 0.11%; 0.1% for obstetric indication and 0.06% for gynecological procedure most common indication for relaparotomy was atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (35%) followed by burst abdomen (26%), uterine scar dehiscence 13%. Time interval between primary and secondary surgery is <24 hours in 57% of cases mainly due to obstetric hemorrhage. About 74% of patients post relaparotomy were stable and 26% patients needed intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Out of 23 relaparotomy cases 4 patients died with mortality rate of 17% (all relaparotomies were related to obstetric causes) with zero mortality rate for relaparotomies done for gynecological case. The major cause of death was found to be multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Conclusions: Relaparotomy is lifesaving procedure; early recognition of complications, good primary surgery, good surgical techniques, meticulous hemostasis and strict asepsis can prevent relaparotomy.
Effects of dishwashing detergents residues on redox status and cell proliferation in mice liver and kidney
Authors: Chahine Chantal R. , El-Teres Fadi F. , Chahine Nathalie R. , Chalhoub Wissam W.
Published: July 2022

Background: Commonly known for their cleaning and disinfecting properties, dishwashing detergents containing anionic surfactants can be potentially toxic due to misuse. This study aims to investigate the possible harmful effects of detergents residues persisting on utensils after dishwashing.Methods: Residues were collected after cleaning the utensils in 100 mL of water from 100 households in Beirut, Lebanon. After anionic surfactant determination, water with detergent residues (WDR) was added to drinking water of white mice versus tap water as control: G1 (TW for 2 months), G2 (WDR for 2 months), G3 (TW for 3 months) and G4 (WDR for 3 months), N=6 for each group. Animals were then sacrificed. Biopsies from liver and kidneys were taken for histological examination or preserved at -80°C for biochemical analysis of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins by western blotting.Results: Our results showed no significant difference in body weight or histological alteration in groups given WDR versus TW groups. An increase of LP (30%) and a decrease of SOD activity (25%) were noted in the liver tissue of G2 and G4 versus G1 and G3 respectively (p<0.05). In addition, p-AKT and p-mTOR proteins expression regulating cell proliferation were significantly increased in the liver of G4 versus G3 (p<0.05).Conclusions: We concluded that traces of detergents on utensils do not cause an acute pathology, but they could cause oxidative stress to the liver and an over-expression of cancer pathway over a relative long period of time.
Quality of care, loss to follow-up and mortality among paediatric and adolescent HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria: a 15-year retrospective review
Authors: Okechukwu Adaora A. , Okechukwu Orji A. , Lamda Nansah R.
Published: July 2022

Background: Loss to follow up, and mortality still remains very high among HIV positive children and adolescents in many under privileged settings, in spite of massive scale up of anti-retroviral treatment. We assessed the quality of care using 7-point indicators, loss to follow up, and mortality among HIV positive children and adolescents in our health institution.Method: A 15-year (2006 to 2020) retrospective review was conducted among HIV positive children who assessed care in paediatric out-patient special treatment clinic of our tertiary health institution in Nigeria for above objective.Results: Of the 563 subjects initiated on antiretroviral therapy, 349 (62.0%) still remained on treatment. There were 285 (50.6%) males, highest enrollment 280 (49.7%) was at 2006-2010, most 192 (34.1%) were 0-24 months of age, 244 (43.3%) were under-weight, and 176 (31.3%) had severe immune suppression at enrollment. Sixty-eight (12.1%) were lost to follow-up, mortality was 14 (2.5%), 103 (18.3.1%), and 25 (4.4%) were transferred to adult clinic, and to other centers. While over 85% had a high-quality indicator score of 458 (81.4%), with significant difference between the male and female (x2=8.56, p=0.003,), only 231 (66.2%) had adequate viral suppression of <20 cpoies/ml at the end the review period. There was significant association between quality indicator score and loss to follow up, OR=0.033 (0.02-0.06), p>0.001 with multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Though the study recorded high quality score services to HIV positive children and adolescents in our center, loss to follow-up, and mortality was however high. More is needed to be done to improve the viral load suppression among our clients.
Lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus and its association with complications
Authors: S. Raj Silpa , S. Sankar , C. K. Anju , Ali K. M. Irshad
Published: July 2022

Background: The anti-phospholipid antibody which can occur secondary to SLE have a broad spectrum of both thrombotic and non-thrombotic manifestations. Among the three antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulant has the strongest association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and increased chance of recurrence of thrombotic events. Hence early screening of lupus anticoagulant is needed.Methods: 72 clinically diagnosed SLE patients were included. The PT, aPTT were done in all patients. The clotting time is assessed by semi-automated coagulation analyser by using dilute russell viper venom time (dRVV) screen and confirm kits. Lupus anticoagulant was considered to be positive if the screen to confirm ratio is ≥1.2. The patients were followed up for a period of 1 year at regular 3 months interval. The various complications like hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, deep vein thrombosis, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack (CVA/TIA), myocardial infarction, abortions, pulmonary artery hypertension and lupus nephritis were recorded.Results: Lupus anticoagulant was positive in 38.8% among the study group. The most common thrombotic event observed was DVT (16.7%) followed by MI (11.1%) and CVA/TIA (8.3%). There is significant association between lupus anticoagulant positivity with hemolytic anemia, DVT and pulmonary artery hypertension.Conclusions: The lupus anticoagulant has the strongest association with APS in SLE patients and dRVVT is the test of choice in diagnosing APLA. Early recognition of APLA can reduce the risk of thrombotic complications and can prevent further episodes by giving adequate thromboprophylaxis to lupus anticoagulant positive patients.
Causes and management of nutritional rickets among paediatric age group in Rajasthan: a randomised control trial
Authors: Atal Pinky , Aloria Jitendra , Chaudhary Meenakshi , Gosaliya Mahendra , Patni Aaditya
Published: July 2022

Background: Rickets disease frequently caused by insufficient of vitamin D. Nevertheless, subsequent researchers have attributed it to a calcium insufficiency throughout the eating plan. There is very little data on the relative efficacy of calcium, vitamin D, or both in the treatment of rickets. The goal of this study was to see if calcium, vitamin D, or a combination of the two may help young infants with nutritional rickets.Methods: 100 patients of nutritional rickets aged 6 months to 5 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin D (6,00,000 IU single intramuscular injection), calcium (75 mg/kg/day elemental calcium orally) or a combination. All of the participants' demographics, nutritional status, dietary calcium, and phytate consumption were evaluated.Results: More than 80 percent of the patients in the study had 25OHD levels below 20 ng/ml. Rickets was discovered as an afterthought throughout the remaining 60. Lower respiratory illness (40), upper respiratory tract illness (10) and acute gastroenteritis have been the presenting conditions.Conclusions: Children experiencing rickets exhibited low vitamin D levels in their blood as well as a low calcium intake from their nutrition. When compared to either vitamin D or calcium alone, the combination showed the best therapeutic effect.
Study of the renal profile in relation to CD4 count in human immuno-deficiency virus patients from a tertiary centre of Bihar
Authors: Prakash Jyoti , Das Bhagwan , Beernandi Chiranjeevi , Kumar Munish
Published: July 2022

Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals are at increased risk for kidney disease, including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). HIV peptides rather than infection may be more important in pathogenesis of HIVAN. Much has been learnt about the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV-associated renal diseases because of the development of animal models and the molecular evaluation of clinical samples.Methods: We studied 90 consecutive patients with HIV and allocated them into 3 groups, each containing 30 patients on the basis of their CD4 counts. Then each group was divided into two subgroups, X and Y on the basis of whether they received anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) or not. Subgroup X received HAART and subgroup Y did not received HAART.Results: There was male preponderance (M: F=5.4: 1). Microalbuminuria, increased serum creatinine and decreased GFR was highest among HIV patients having CD4 count below 200 as compared to those having CD4 count of 200-350 and above 350.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that both proteinuria and HIVAN are common in HIV infected patients. Proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate have a negative correlation with the CD4 count.
A cross-sectional study on satisfaction with teleconsultation in people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in semi-urban and village parts of Kerala
Authors: B. Jayakrishnan
Published: July 2022

Background: Since the emergence of the pandemic situation, there has been a gradual paradigm shift in the clinical management of diabetes, wherein, the scheduled clinical visits have been converted into teleconsultations. Patient satisfaction is an important parameter which is not well understood. The aim of the study was to assess patient satisfaction with diabetes management through teleconsultation in these populations.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Safe Care clinic in Tirur, Kerala from March 2021 to August 2021. This study included 163 T2D patients who availed of teleconsultation. Patient satisfaction was obtained through an online 12-item questionnaire developed by the authors and administered online via a survey tool.Results: In this study, 60% of the patients were male. The majority of the teleconsults occurred in the 41-60 years age group. Of the 163 responses obtained, 145(88.9%) of patients were satisfied with the explanation provided by their physician about their condition, while 148 (90.7%) were satisfied with the duration of the consultation. Further, 158 (96.9%) would be happy to use teleconsultation again, while 155 (95%) would recommend teleconsultation to their friends and family. Around 150 (92%) feel their confidentiality is maintained similar to in-clinic face-to-face consultation and 98 (60%) opined they would continue to use teleconsultations even after face-to-face interactions resume post-pandemic.Conclusions: The patient satisfaction results of the study indicate that telemedicine is there to stay during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic for the management of diabetes in the sub-urban and village populations in Kerala.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and correlation with hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Shivalingappa Umashankar Uyigowdanahally , Ramasamy Akilandeshwari Alagan , Muhammed Kani Shaikh , A. Anand , N. Arun
Published: July 2022

Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a dynamic condition involving interaction between the hepatitis B virus, hepatocyte and host immune system. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap, easily available bedside inflammatory marker. The aim of the study was to assess the role of NLR to assess the fibrosis in CHB patients Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study done between January 2021-December 2021, 61 patients with CHB of age 16-50 years were included. Basic demographic and laboratory parameter were assessed. Fibrosis was assessed using fibroscan (ECHOSENS) 502 model. Using NLR cut-off of 1.9 fibrosis was assessed in different groups.Results:  The mean age was 34±13.1 years, 66% were male patients. The mean haemoglobin, total count, platelet counts were 11.3±2.1 g/dl, 7250±2100 cells/ml, 146000±26000/ml respectively. The 38 (62.3%) patients were HBeAg positive and 23 (37.7%) patients HBeAg negative. The 28 (45.1%) patients had no significant fibrosis (<8 kpa) and 33 (54.09%) patients had significant fibrosis (>8 kpa). The 33 patients with significant fibrosis 30 patients had NLR of less than 1.9 and 3 had NLR>1.9. The 28 patients who had fibrosis of less than 6.5 kpa, 26 had NLR more than 1.9 and 2 patients with less than 1.9. Mean N/L ratio values were notably lower in cases with advanced fibrosis when compared to individuals with no/minimal fibrosis (p<0.0001). APRI was among 0.32±0.18 and 0.86±0.21 among patients with NLR<1.9 and >1.9 respectively (p=0.0001)Conclusions: Decreased N/L ratio is significantly associated with fibrosis severity and can be utilised to identify patients with advanced disease.
The secondary attack rate (SAR) of SARS-CoV-2 in households: a systematic review
Authors: Bardhar Shubhra , Khanna Anoop
Published: July 2022

Households are considered an essential setting for SARS-CoV-2 transmission due to the high intensity and frequency of interaction among family members. Many reports have suggested the high transmission risk of coronavirus disease-2019 in contacts within a household. Transmission parameter such as secondary attack rate is a helpful indicator used for assessing the risk of transmission in the household environment. The systematic review was done based on recommended guidelines of PRISMA for reporting. Three databases namely “Pubmed,” “Embase,” and “Web of science” were utilized for retrieving the articles. Each included study was evaluated based on the following criteria: study title, duration of the study, location, authors, design of the study, type and number of index cases, percentage of SAR, the number of contacts within the household, and other key findings. On the selection basis, 26 articles were included in the study reporting secondary attack rates in different countries. The majority of the studies reported household secondary attack rates to be higher among household adults and the old age group compared to children, SAR was also greater in spouses compared to other categories of household contact and females had slightly higher SAR compared to males. Often contact with index cases and symptomatic index cases increased the risk of SAR. Thus, this systematic study confirms that households have a significant role in the spread or transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Gallstone ileus an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction
Authors: Zarco Arreola Karla I. , Yañez Herrera Guadalupe G.
Published: July 2022

Gallstone ileus is caused by the impaction of one or more gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract leading to mechanical obstruction. Thomas Bartholin described the first case in 1654 during an autopsy. This manuscript describes a case of gallstone ileus in a 39-year-old woman who presented data of intestinal occlusion and hemodynamic instability, being managed with intestinal resection for a 7 cm stone and entero-entero anastomosis, achieving an adequate post-surgical evolution. It is a rare complication of cholelithiasis and is found in 2 to 3% of all cases associated with recurrent episodes of cholecystitis, it occurs predominantly in women. In elderly patients (>65 years) it accounts for 25% of all cases of small bowel obstruction and carries a fivefold increased risk of morbidity (20 to 57%) compared to other causes of small bowel obstruction.
Grade V small bowel injury after blunt abdominal trauma: a case report
Authors: Arjona Bojórquez Rashid I. , Puerto Serrano Isidro R. , Cervantes Sanchez Aron , Ceseña Barrientos Jonathan E. , Juan Hernandez Orson R. , Navarrete Espinosa Deysi L. , Salazar Quijano Christian A. , Garcia Catalan Grisell G. , Polanco Llanes Alondra S.
Published: July 2022

Injury of the small intestine or mesentery that requires surgical intervention is relatively uncommon, presenting less than 1% of all trauma. Unstable hemodynamically patients with peritoneal irritation signs and stable hemodynamically patients with radiological signs of intestine or mesentery lesions need an exploratory laparotomy. A 33-year-old male patient, suffered a car accident in which he had a frontal impact collision and was between two structures for 30 minutes, and rescued by the fire department. Physical examination of the abdomen presents generalized pain on palpation of moderate intensity and rebound sign. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, the findings were: hemoperitoneum of 1500 ml was found, lesion in the bucket loop of 1.2 meters, 1.8 meters from the Treitz angle and 70 cm from the ileocecal valve. We managed with drainage, vascular control, resection of the devascularized intestinal loop and small bowel shotgun stoma were. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for hemodynamic management and a second look was performed 5 days after surgery where cavity lavage, stoma dismantling and end-to-end anastomosis of the small intestine in two planes were performed. On post-operative day 7 drains were removed, and the patient was discharged from the surgical service due to improvement, without complications. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach to patients with polytrauma, since they lead to a better and faster recovery, in the same way it allows us to detect and treat any abnormality that impacts the quality of life of patients early.
Bile duct injury in an anatomical variant of the posterior right hepatic duct draining in the cystic duct: case report
Authors: Yamamoto-Moreno José Adrián , Gómez-Fernández Ricardo , Iturbide-Aguirre Alejandro Steven , Hernández-Sánchez Jessica , Cutipa-Flores Gainsborough Gonzalo
Published: July 2022

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, several factors increase the likelihood of bile duct injury (BDI). The most common cause of BDI during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an inappropriate identification of the critical view of safety associated with acute and chronic inflammation, obesity, haemorrhage, and anatomical variants. Of all anatomic variants of the biliary tree, Blumgart type F has been reported as the least common, but allegedly it carries the biggest risk of BDI. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with acute cholecystitis subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Strasberg type C injury in association with a Blumgart F variation confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The anatomical variant was identified during the surgical procedure but the BDI was diagnosed postoperatively. Intraoperative identification and treatment of the injury confers a better prognosis to the patient. Management of a BDI on a Blumgart F variant can be challenging and must be targeted to the individual case. Safety measures to prevent such injuries must be promoted by institutions.
A challenging case of fenofibrate induced neutropenia
Authors: Pula Lakshmi Bindumathi , Peddareddy Spandana , Murali N. Aditya , Rajagopal Swati
Published: July 2022

Fenofibrate induced neutropenia is a rare condition. We reported 59-year-old male who developed neutropenia after taking fenofibrate for 20 days. He presented with complaints of fever, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms. At presentation his total counts were 800. He was evaluated thoroughly for other causes of neutropenia and was treated with antibiotics, steroids, G-CSF. Once the fenofibrate was stopped, patient counts improved and his symptoms subsided. Hence, it is very important to always keep in mind the possibility of side effects of drugs, however remotely rare they are.
A rare case of adult ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to an ileal lipoma
Authors: Koay Kean Leong , Pulandran Sahilan , Mang Ning Ong , Juin Yeen Ooi , Sivananthan Kinagabran , Thangaratnam Ramesh R.
Published: July 2022

Intussusception is a common surgical problem among pediatric age group, but the same cannot be said in their adult counterparts. While the disease process is similar in both age groups, the etiopathology and hence the management of this condition differs significantly. In this report, we present a case of an adult female with an ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to a small bowel lipoma, followed by a discussion on the difference of clinical features and management between adults and pediatrics.
A case of massive pancreatic fluid collection managed with percutaneous pigtail drainage as step-up approach
Authors: Riyaz Mohammad , Devakumar Satish , Kamal Harshit , Jeswanth S.
Published: July 2022

A 19-year-old male presented to us with complain of acute epigastric pain for 2 weeks duration. The pain was dull aching in nature, radiating to back. On examination he was of average built and nutrition, dysnoic and tachypnoic with pulse rate of 140 /min, respiratory rate 26 /min, blood pressure 140/80 mmHg, saturation on room air 90%, bilateral (b/l) pedal edema present. On per abdomen examination abdomen was distended, fullness was present in bilateral upper abdomen. So, after thorough investigation, diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was made and subsequently planned for ultrasonography (USG) guided percutaneous pigtail drainage as step-up approach in view of multiple loculated collections. Nasojejunal tube was inserted for entral nutrition. First perihepatic collection was drained on day 1, then lesser sac and pelvis drainage was done on day 2. At times, the collections may extend into the subhepatic space from the lesser sac through foramen of Winslow. Such subhepatic collections are intraperitoneal rather than retroperitoneal and there is a significant risk of peritoneal leak during endoscopic transmural drainage that may cause peritonitis. The collections may extend to either or both paracolic gutters retroperitoneally and at times to pelvis. In these retroperitoneal collections where endoscopic transmural drainage that may cause peritonitis, percutaneous pigtail drainage as a step-up approach is a feasible option.
Detecting technical factors that influence compliance to non-pharmacological treatment using mHealth technology in children with chronic pulmonary disease: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sapouna Vaia , Dimitriadis Zacharias , Douros Konstantinos , Kapreli Eleni , Kortianou Eleni
Published: July 2022

Background: Optimal adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in pediatric pulmonary diseases is crucial to address the increased morbidity levels. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the level of evidence about technical factors that facilitate adherence to non-pharmacological treatment with the use of mobile health (mHealth) in children with chronic respiratory diseases.

Methods: The methodological framework for scoping review recommended by Arksey and O’Malley’s and Levac will be followed for conducting the present one. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines will be used. Methodological quality will be assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist and the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT). Five databases will be searched: Medline (via Ovid), PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for assessment against the eligibility criteria. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion and consensus among other authors. Data will be extracted and presented in a narrative summary.

Conclusions: This scoping review does not require ethics approval as it only includes information from previously published studies. The results will be disseminated through a peer-review publication, conference presentations and/or as part of stakeholder meetings with physiotherapists, clinicians, academicians, technicians and researchers.

Trial Registration: NA.
Knowledge and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent secondary school girls in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Obande-Ogbuinya Nkiru E. , Chikezie Oluchi C. , John-Paul Bassey Owojokane , Chinemerem Ashang H. , Edward Offionor C. , Uzoho Chibuzo M. , Omaka-Amari Lois N. , Nwafor Jude N. , Aleke Christian O. , Nweke Ogbonna J. , EjibeOfor Daniel C.
Published: July 2022

Background: Menstrual hygiene is an aspect of sexuality education that people do not want to discuss publicly. Because of this most adolescent girl are bereaved of knowledge about menstrual hygiene practices. Therefore, the present study attempted to ascertain the knowledge and menstrual hygiene practices among adolescent secondary school girls in Ebonyi state, Nigeria.Methods: This was an institutional based cross-sectional study conducted from 11th July to 9th September 2021 among adolescent secondary school girls in Ikwo local government area, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 400 participant using administered questionnaire. However, out of 400 participants, 315 properly filled and fit for analysis.Result: From a total of 315 adolescent girls participated in this study, majority 251 (79.7%) of the girls possess good knowledge while 64 (20.3%) has poor knowledge of menstrual hygiene practices. The result further indicated a significant association between the age groups (Chi square=10.862; p=0.004 <0.05); class level (Chi square=23.601; p=0.000<0.05) and the knowledge of menstrual hygiene practices among the adolescents’ girls respectively.Conclusions: There is need for government at all level, health educators and parents to design acceptable awareness creation and advocacy programs to improve the knowledge especially among adolescent girls at their early adolescents and those at lower class and so as to promote safe hygienic practices during menstruation.
Malnutrition and its associated factors among children in Murree, Rawalpindi
Authors: Khan Shahrukh , Nazir Aqsa , Shehzad Amna , Abid Junaid , Qaiser Ameena , Khan Tayyab Mumtaz
Published: July 2022

Background: Malnutrition is one of the main health issues among children. Malnutrition is more prevalent in developing countries. Malnutrition among children is affected by many factors. These factors are studied in many parts of the world but they are understudied in most the areas of Pakistan. This study aimed to assess the incidence of malnutrition and its associated factors among children in Murree, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among children of Murree, Rawalpindi for about 6 months from August 2021 to January 2022. Simple random sampling along with an established inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied to enroll 316 participants. A self-adapted questionnaire was applied to take data after taking ethical approval from the institutional research board and informed consent from the participants.Results: The incidence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity among school children of study population was 22.80%, 35.40%, 26.90%, and 14.90% respectively. The association between malnutrition and gender (p=0.001), birth weight (p=0.01), supplementation intake (p=0.03), filtered water use (p=0.02), hygiene (p=0.01), vaccination status (p=0.04), recurrent infection history (p=0.02), socioeconomic status (p=0.04), mother education (p=0.04), mother occupation (p=0.03), awareness of parents about balanced diet (p=0.02), and family size (p=0.04) was statistically significant, whereas association between nutritional status and age group (p=0.05) was insignificant.Conclusions: The incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was remarkable among children. Many factors such as gender, birth weight, supplementation intake, filtered water use, hygiene, vaccination status, recurrent infection, socioeconomic status, mother education, mother occupation, parental awareness about a balanced diet, and family size were found to associate with malnutrition among children.
COVID-19: epidemiological data of 1263 patients from southern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Romero Ray B. , Pelizzaro Rafaela A. , Da Silva Filho Thyago H. N. , Vilela Ellyson G. de Oliveira , De Oliveira Camila P. , Rabelo Ana T. S. , De Assis Gabriela A. , Mundim Fiorita G. L. , Amaral Pedro I. S. , Silvério Alessandra C. P.
Published: July 2022

Background: COVID-19 is an easily contagious and high-speed viral disease that is directly affecting people's lives and exposing the fragility of health systems around the world, especially in Brazil. In this context, the present research sought to observe, through medical records, the conduct of positive patients with COVID-19.Methods: The methodology used was the analysis of medical records of patients with COVID-19 in five hospitals in Minas Gerais. The following data were collected from patients who were hospitalized from March 2020 to October 2020: personal characteristics; pathological antecedents and evolution of the clinical picture.Results: The results found describe the number of patients in each of the analysed hospitals. In addition, the predominant age, the sex of the patients in percentage, the number of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, dyslipidemia, altered D-dimer, anemia and hematologic change are described. Intensive care unit (ICU) and ward admissions are also addressed, as well as the type of respiratory complication, percentage of individuals who required intubation, intubation time and outcome. The results were used in statistical analysis for the association between variables with the Chi-square test to verify the significance between them. The outcome was compared with age, sex, diabetes, dyslipidemia, D-dimer biomarker, anemia, hematological changes and type of hospitalization. With the type of hospitalization, diabetes and dyslipidemia were compared.Conclusions: Faced with all this context of public health urgency, this work helps in the standardization of variables to collaborate in the fight against this giant and persistent virus that public health is trying to fight.