bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Reliability Assessment Analysis with Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) Method on Sterilizer Station at XYZ Company
Authors: Hasibuan Chalis Fajri , Yudi Daeng P , Hasibuan Reza Rinaldi
Published: May 2020

The matter of human reliability is a subject that has great influence on work-related accident levels or productivity levels of a product. Work-related accidents at XYZ company has 3 types of accidents that occur at boiling station and most of it are caused by human error from work operators, such as boiling overtime, lorry that went off track, inputting inaccurate boiling pressure standards, low discipline levels, not using protection equipment. XYZ company is one of many companies that processes palm oil. Human Reliability Assessment is done using HEART (Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique) method. At first, an analysis is done on work operator’s tasks by organizing HTA (Hierarchical Task Analysis). The resultant description of tasks at boiling station reveal that there is 11 tasks being handled by operator. Based on the calculation, the value of HEP (Human Error Probability) is highest on setting boiling time task with the value of 0,5324. The second highest is 0,5251 on setting steam pressure task. Researcher has analysed which task with the highest HEP value using Fishbone diagram, and continues to compile prevention methods for human error based from EPC, HEP, and Fishbone diagram.
Analysis of slope stability by the planning of cantilever retaining wall reinforcement using the application of Plaxis (case study: substation Panyabungan sta 0+060)
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Prambudi Rizky
Published: May 2020

Slope is a natural surface appearance that has height differences. Slope stability is very closely related to landslide or ground movement which is a natural process of soil mass displacement from higher ground to lower ground. Unstable slopes are very dangerous to the surroundings; therefore, an analysis of slope stability is highly needed. In this research, Plaxis are used to planning cantilever retaining wall reinforcement with the aim to determine the safety factor value of the slope condition before and after was given reinforcement. Slope stability was analyzed in three conditions: the original condition before reinforcement, the condition with the planning of cantilever retaining wall reinforcement. The safety factor value in the slope condition with cantilever retaining wall reinforcement was 1,567 > 1,3 (Safe). Deformation value was 453,280 × 10-3 m. Cantilever retaining wall safety factor against gulling was 2,528 > 2 (Safe). Safety factor against shear was 2,683 >1,5 (Safe). Safety factor against bearing capacity was 3,704 > 3 (Safe).
Slope stability analysis using sheet pile reinforcement with the Bishop method
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Roesyanto  , Suwandi Ayuditha Maulidza
Published: May 2020

Slope is a sloping ground surface, and forms a certain angle to a horizontal plane and is unprotected. With non-horizontal soil conditions, a component of gravity will tend to move the ground down, so that landslides cannot longer be avoided. The location of this research is located at 150 KV substation, Payabungan. The selection of sheet piles as an alternative treatment is expected to minimize the occurrence of landslides at the substation, where if there is landslide at that location will have an impact on the power outages that will disrupt the activities of residents around. This research was conducted with Bishop’s analytical method, aiming to determine the safety factor of the slope before and after reinforcement. In this analysis, sheet pile reinforcement is done with three conditions. From the calculations obtained the value of the safety factor using the Bishop method obtained by 1.11. The value of the safety factor under conditions 1, 2 and 3 was 1.45; 1.50; 1.58. From this study, it was concluded that adding sheet pile as reinforcement would increase the value of the safety factor in order for the slope to be stable compared to the slope without any reinforcement.
User experience study on crane operator erection simulator using senso glove in a virtual reality environment
Authors: Fahmi F , Nainggolan F , Siregar B , Soeharwinto  , Zarlis M
Published: May 2020

Failure or mistakes in operating the crane can cause an accident while working on the project site, mainly when it deals with heavy and extensive material, for example, in the steel erection process. Proper crane operation for steel erection training using Virtual Reality (VR) technology can overcome this problem effectively and efficiently. The level of interactivity in a VR system can be increased by using a controller that can observe the user’s hand and finger movements. Senso Glove is a wireless glove that is able to read hand and finger movements and is able to provide vibrations. In the system developed in this study, Senso Glove is used as a system control tool to read hand movements and become the system input. In addition to input to the system, Senso Glove can also provide vibration to the user when the virtual hand is holding the lever on a crane in a virtual world or when the steel hit some part of construction during the process. Senso Glove’s ability as a crane operator simulator control tool can be tested using the Usability Test. Therefore, USE Questionnaire was used with a Likert Scale as a media survey for system users. From the survey results, it was found that the user was easy to remember how to operate a crane with a Senso Glove with an average value of 4.25 per 5 Likert scales. However, users also find Senso Glove challenging to learn by everyone with an average value of 2.95 per 5 Likert scales. This is due to the precision that is still difficult given by Senso Glove with the average value of virtual hand movements produced by Senso Glove is 3.15 per 5 Likert scale.
Engineering Economics Evaluation For Manufacturing Competitiveness : A case study.
Authors: Hasugian Ivo Andika , Dewi Evita , Vandrick
Published: May 2020

Cassava is one of the valuable commodities in Indonesia that can be used as various types of food. One of the foods made from cassava is Tapai which is the result of boiling and fermentation of cassava and has a high carbohydrate content. Tapai’s business Mr. Legimin is a business that produces Tapai and sells it in plastic packaging. This business has been producing tapai since 20 years ago and has never conducted an economic analysis to prepare itself to enter the development of a rapidly growing industry. The research method used in this study consists of depreciation calculations, production costs consisting of fixed costs and variable costs, production costs, breakeven points and investment feasibility analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, the benefit cost ratio (Net B) / Ratio C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PBP). Based on an economic analysis with a project life of five years, it was found that the total production cost was Rp38,533,566.7 / month with production costs reaching Rp3,952.16 / kg, breakeven point 2,101 kg / month, NPV Rp2,355,523,695, B / C Net 2.41, IRR> MARR and the payback period is two months.
Analysis Of Queuing Models Of Fast Food Restaurant with Simulation Approach
Authors: Hasugian Ivo Andika , Vandrick  , Dewi Evita
Published: May 2020

Queues in the cashier area in food purchases is one of the problems that often occurs in business processes in the community. Queues occur because of an imbalance between those served and their services. In fast food restaurants like XYZ, queues generally occur during lunch breaks or at dinner time. The purpose of this study is to determine the queuing model that occurs in the XYZ cashier area and analyze whether the queuing model is appropriate and efficient by comparing the previous model with the simulation results that have been carried out with the help of Anylogic software. The restaurant queue system is 3 queue lines and 3 counters. The average length of service and the interval of arrival of workers is 125.1 seconds and 67.5 seconds. Preliminary observational data show the average service time counters 1, 2 and 3 are 111, 136, 138 seconds. This fact shows that there is a long queue, the number of customers served at relatively low time units and work imbalances between operators. The results of the best queue simulation are proven to have shorter queues and the highest number of customers served per unit time. Based on the simulation results obtained by replacing 3 queue lines into 1 queue line and increasing the number of customers served is 74 people from 129 customers with the percentage of customers at each counter that is 28.38% for counter 1, 27.03% for counters 2 and 44, 59% for counter 3.
Analysis of Defective Causes in Coffee Product Using Decision Tree Approach
Authors: Rizkya I , Syahputri K , Sari RM , Christin S
Published: May 2020

The development of Indonesian coffee through exploration of regional wealth needs to be done to add coffee products when expanding the domestic and overseas coffee market. But there are still many defective products found in domestic coffee, where defective products are products produced in the production process, where the product resulted is not in accordance with the applied quality standards, but it can still be improved by spending certain costs. The method used to identify defects in the product is assessed of space, workers and machinery aspects, and then a decision tree is made to determine the critical point. The results of the research conducted found that most defects are in coffee that does not has epidermis about 21% of the total sample of 23.000 grams. With fishbone diagrams and the decision tree approach the cause of the defect is known.
Analysis of the use of CMUcam5 Pixy camera in wheeled soccer robots
Authors: Nasution T H , Simon A , Fahmi F , Tanjung K , Zarlis M , Noer N
Published: May 2020

Wheeled soccer robot is a robot that can play football like humans but maneuvers using wheels. Wheeled soccer robot has an event that is held routinely every year in Indonesia, namely in the Indonesian Robot Contest. To play well, the robot is certainly equipped with sensors and actuators that are qualified. One of the sensors used is the camera. The camera on the soccer robot functions to capture images around the robot that will later be processed on a computer. In this study, we analyzed the use of CMUcam5 Pixy for wheeled soccer robots. testing is carried out as much as 2 stages, namely testing without noise and testing with noise. From the results of tests that have been carried out, the CMUcam5 Pixy camera has a certain limit for detecting the ball. In testing with CMUcam5 Pixy camera noise can only detect up to 490 cm. Whereas in testing with CMUcam5 Pixy camera noise can only detect up to 420 cm.
The Implementation of Deep Learning Using Convolutional Neural Network to Classify Based on Stomata Microscopic Image of Curcuma Herbal Plants
Authors: Andayani U , Sumantri I B , Pahala Andes , Muchtar M A
Published: May 2020

There are so many types of herbal plants that come from the same genus. The similarity of features in herbal plants makes it difficult to distinguish. Especially in the pharmaceutical field, which is very risky for making mistakes. The part of plants that is often used as ingredients for herbal medicines is the leaves, so research on leaves and their constituent organelles is very important for the pharmaceutical world. Therefore, an approach is needed to identify the types of organelles present in the leaves, where the organelles most frequently studied are the stomata. So, a neural network approach is needed to distinguish plant characteristics in the same genus. In this research there are 2 species of plants in the Curcuma genus, namely turmeric and ginger. This research was conducted by implementing Deep Learning using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the help of the Gabor filter process and feature extraction using the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The study was conducted using 160 microscopic images of Curcuma herbal plants as training data with training accuracy of 93.1% and test data of 40 images with an accuracy of 92.5%.
The effect of stage number on the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle using refrigerant R32
Authors: Nasution A H , Ambarita H , Sihombing H. V. , Setiawan E Y , Kawai H.
Published: May 2020

In the refrigerant cycle of Air-Conditioning (AC) unit the mainly used cycle is vapor compression cycle. The performance of the refrigerant, named as Coefficient of Performance (COP), need to be improved by using modification. The modification by using multi stage is one of the potential solutions. In the present study, the effect of number of stage to the performance will be explored. A simple vapor compression cycle that is typically used in the AC unit is taken into study. IN the cycle the refrigerant is difluoromethane R32. Three different stages are examined, they are single stage, two-stages, and three stages. The numerical analyses are carried out using commercial Aspen One software. The COP, mass flow rate of the refrigerant and compressor power will be discussed. The result shows that increasing the number of stages related to increasing the COP.
Identification of Critical Waste on Outpatient Installation in Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Hospital
Authors: Syahputri K , Sari R M , Rizkya I , Leviza J
Published: May 2020

Increasing the number of existing hospitals leads to increase a competition among hospitals. This condition causes hospital to become more competent by improving existing services, as well as providing continuous healthcare quality to every patient. Service system at outpatient installation of USU Hospital in BPJS patient often experiencing problem because there are still many waste at each part and patient service process become inefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze critical waste identification to know the most dominant waste occurring in the process to do an action as soon as possible. The results obtained from the identification indicates that the most critical waste in BPJS patient service process is waiting, where the patient must wait for a long time starting from the registration process, inspection at polyclinic, and medicine-taking at the pharmacy.
Availability and reliability assessment of production systems using simulations
Authors: Napitupulu Humala , Nurhayati
Published: May 2020

Reliability assessments in the industry is needed to support production planning, facility maintenance, and other related matters. The reliability of an equipment is usually assessed based on the operating period of its components. Likewise the reliability of the system can be assessed based on the reliability of the subsystem. Assessment of the reliability of production systems as a combination of a number of subsystems can be done using analytical models suitable for series and parallel arrangements. For complex production systems, valuation can use a combination of series and parallel models. But for a production system that consists of a lot of equipment in a series arrangement, evaluations using analytical models will provide low reliability that does not reflect real conditions. In the industry studied, the reliability of the system with 14 subsystems in a series arrangement is around 0.2%. Therefore, reliability assessment needs to be done by simulation. Using the proposed simulation model, the reliability of the system obtained is around 90.4%. This assessment shows that the assessment of the reliability of the production system is more appropriate using simulations, and the proposed simulation model can be used in reliability assessments
Improving the work system with management engineering methods
Authors: Siregar I , Nasution T H , Syahputri K
Published: May 2020

Management engineering is often done in the industrial world, especially factories and manufacturing companies. In this research, management engineering will be applied in hospitals, especially in the emergency department, why is it done in this department, because in previous studies data collection has been carried out and it is concluded that nurses in this department have a high degree of flexibility, so can cause errors while working. Almost the same as the application of fatigue in the manufacturing industry that the level of fatigue on the operator can reduce work productivity. This research will apply a macro ergonomic approach, in which the model used is the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model at the Hospital. This approach uses interview and observation techniques. Through this approach the causal factors will be seen and, in the future, seen how the solution to overcome this fatigue factor. This method uses a survey system that involves a large state-owned hospital in the city of Medan by using 83 nurse respondents and 7 respondents from the hospital.
Classification of elderly based on attitude for health promotive in Deli Serdang using machine learning approach
Authors: Pasaribu Masdalifa , Siagian Albiner , Lubis Rahayu , Ramadani Dewi , Subarniati Triyoga Rika , Sudaryati Etti
Published: May 2020

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. Health promotion is a global issue. In the most city in Indonesia, health is improving. In this case, we collected the elderly data from Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The aim of this study to classify the elderly dataset using Support Vector Machine and Logistic Regression as a machine learning approach. The result of this study indicated the SVM and Logistic Regression is available to train and test the dataset. The dominant sample in this study is female. The evaluation of the elderly dataset using two models of machine learning indicated there is a positive attitude with the age for health promotion.
Crude Palm Oil Product Quality Control Using Seven Tools (case study: XYZ Company)
Authors: Ginting Rosnani , Wanli  , Fauzi Malik Alfin
Published: May 2020

Competition in the palm oil processing industry in Indonesia is very competitive. One of the factors that influence the good name of the company is the quality of the product produced. PT. XYZ is a palm oil processing factory with export and domestic market share. In order for the company to be able to compete with other companies engaged in similar industries, the company is required to need to carry out strict checks on product quality. PT. XYZ faces several obstacles to meet the quality standards of its main products namely Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The problem that is often found related to quality in CPO is the quality of CPO that does not meet consumer standards even though the company has implemented quality control in CPO production. This can reduce consumer confidence in the products sold by the company. CPO product quality standards set are free fatty acid levels (FFA) (<5%), water content (<0.15%) and impurities content (<0.02%). This study aims to determine what types of defect affect the quality of CPO and what causes the defect. This research uses seven tools method consisting of stratification, check sheet, histogram, pareto diagram, scatter diagram, control chart and cause and effect diagram. From the results of the Pareto diagram analysis it appears that the dominant defect that occurs in CPO is high free fatty acid levels with a percentage of 39.3%, then followed by defect with high impurities content of 35.4% and high water content of 25.3%. By using the Pareto 80/20 principle, the defect factor which is further analyzed is the defect of high free fatty acids and high levels of impurities. Through scatter diagrams and correlation analysis, the value of r = 0.5, where the value indicates that high free fatty acid defects and high impurities have a positive effect on the number of defects. By using a causal diagram analysis (fishbone diagram) it was found that the factors causing the high level of damage to this palm oil product are influenced by 3 main factors, namely raw materials, humans, and machinery.
Analysis of Drivers and Barriers The Implementation of Sustainability Supply Chain Management (SSCM) in PT. ABC
Authors: Sembiring Nurhayati , Yurisditira Riky , Devany Jeanica
Published: May 2020

PT. ABC is one of government industry. Although the company has implemented SSCM, but in its implementation many problems still occurred. The problems that this company faced such as the unavailability of sufficient information to achieve sustainability goals to top management, budget allocation for the sustainability of the operation that not provide enough, the technology to adopt sustainability has not been efficient, etc. Some studied by another researcher had been done in this company but none studied about this topic. This study aims to analyze the factors that driving and inhibiting factors of supply chain implementation of sustainability management (SSCM) in PT. ABC. Based on TOPSIS method, it was found that the integrating factor sustained in a proactive plan with a value v = 0.8765, adequate budget v = 0.6204, support infrastructure and facilities for sustainable operations v = 0.5032, access to sophisticated technology for sustainable operations v = 0 , 3122, to enforce the government draft legislation effectively v = 0.3122, raising public awareness of the value of sustainable products v = 0.2780, and implementing sustainable waste management with the value v = 0.2423.
Improvement of endoclip design using 3D CAD approach
Authors: Siregar I , Izham M I C , Ariffin A C , Adenan M S , Saedon J B
Published: May 2020

Endoscopic clip (endoclip) is a metallic mechanical device used in gastrointestinal endoscopy practices with the intention of close mucosal surfaces deprived of the requirement for surgery and sew up. Nowadays, endoclip is accessible in the market predominantly in single firing mode, where the clip can only be used once in a period of process. Due to that, the clip is loaded to its applicator repeatedly during the operation which cause delay for the surgery that can lead to fatality. Therefore, this project aims to develop a multi-firing endoclip cartridge that can reduce the difficulty of reloading the endoclip system to its applicator by improving current design. Three design of multi-firing endoclip cartridges were produced by using different mechanism to apply the endoclip. The casing of the cartridge was designed in cylindrical shape with 40 mm diameter and 68 mm length with CATIA V5 software. These three designs formerly assessed by using decision matrix method for assortment of the best concept design. The result from the decision matrix table shows that design with revolve internal clip holder got the highest decision matrix selection amongst the three designs, advantaging in holding more clips and can reduce operation time compared to the other two designs
Proximate, ultimate and calorific value analyses of paper industry sludge at different moisture content
Authors: Yoh Sugimin , Sitepu T. , Ambarita H.
Published: May 2020

Paper industry has a big potency of energy that can be reused in its sludge. However, the water content of the sludge is still high and need to be dried. In this study, the characteristics of the sludge at different water content are explored. The sludge is collected from paper industry in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia mainly at 70% water content. The experiments are carried out at lower water content that is from 10% to 60%. The proximate and ultimate analyses are carried out and the calorific values are discussed. The objective is to explore the potency of the sludge if it is employed as solid fuel. The results show that reducing water content of the sludge affects the characteristics of the sludge. The lower water content increases fixed carbon value, calorific value and volatile matter.
Analysis of the use of SEN0161 pH sensor for water in goldfish ponds
Authors: Nasution T H , Dika S , Sinulingga E P , Tanjung K , Harahap L A
Published: May 2020

Goldfish are considered economically important because they are popular with the community. Goldfish is an important type of freshwater aquaculture that is quite developed and can be cultivated in Indonesia. The pH value will affect the growth of fish. The acidity of water that is good for goldfish life is 7 to. The lowest limit that causes fish death is pH 4 and the highest at pH 11. Therefore, in this study, we will analyze the use of a SEN0161 pH sensor to measure the pH level of water in goldfish ponds. The pH measurement of fish pond water is compared with measurement data using a standard pH meter. Data collection and testing is done using two sensor nodes, where the first sensor node is connected to the Lattepanda which also functions as a base station. LattePanda communicates simultaneously with a data speed of 9600 bps with a second node sensor that uses Arduino as a microcontroller. In communicating, 2 nodes use the Xbee radio module. From the results of testing and implementation that have been done p, it can be concluded that the percent accuracy of the pH sensor reading SEN0161 at each node is ± 98.39% and ± 99.07%.
Optimization of Sei Wampu Dam Project Schedule Using Critical Path Method
Authors: Syahputri K , Mukhlidani P , Sari RM , Rizkya I
Published: May 2020

There are several companies engaged in construction, EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction), Infrastructure Investment, Property, and Real Estate experiencing project delays. One project is experiencing delays is Sei Wampu Dam Construction Project, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province starting from December 4, 2015 spending cost of IDR 309.093.870.437,59. Based on the data obtained, there was a delay in the project work by 13,575% in the cumulative 10th month results in material losses. Therefore, the project schedule optimization of Sei Wampu Dam is performed. The method used is Critical Path Method (CPM). Based on the calculation, the duration of the lead time is 1136 days with a total cost of IDR 362.200.345.57,-.
Investigation of Ti-6Al-4V surface integrity from milling process
Authors: Siregar I , Dzulkifli F N M , Saedon J B , Adenan M S
Published: May 2020

The applications of titanium alloys vary from aerospace industry, medical device and military, however having many challenges in the machining process due to difficult-to-machine characteristic of the material. This study focused on surface integrity of titanium alloy grade Ti-6Al-4V after milling process with different set of parameters. This research investigates the effect of surface integrity of titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) after milling operation with difference cutting parameters such as feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed. Characterization and measurements were taken on the surface morphology, residual stress, surface roughness and surface hardness. It was found out that from the experiment, the highest cutting speed at 8000 rpm produced lowest surface roughness value of 2.066 μm, while lowest cutting speed at 4500 rpm produced highest surface roughness of 2.55μm. The residual stress analysis shown that all the surfaces produced compressive stresses of more than 500 MPa. It is also found out no evidence of transformation at the morphology of the machined surface. Microhardness measurement at the depth 10 μm to 500 μm from the machined surface only shows slight increase of hardness, however, at the range from machined surface to 10 μm indicates low hardness due to softening effect from the machining process. This demonstrated that surface integrity of titanium alloys does effect by the machining parameters.
Effect of shape of test specimen on the shear strength of bamboo from eastern region of sumatera utara
Authors: Handana M A P , Surbakti B , Harisdani D D , Karolina R , Abdi D P
Published: May 2020

Wood is the most common forest-based product used in the construction industry, but due to reducing area of forest in the world, substitution materials for wood are needed. Bamboo has a huge prospect for the future as a wood substitute, and extensive and continuous research of bamboo, especially in mechanical properties of bamboo must be carried out to support bamboo as a material substitution for woods. This research focused on the shear strength of bamboo by comparing two types of standard tests used to determine the shear strength of bamboo. The standards are ISO 22517 and ASTM D 143. The compression test to determine the compressive strength is also conducted in this research. The bamboo species that used in this research are the species that grow in various district in the eastern region of Sumatera Utara. The result of the test shows that the highest shear strength for the specimens tested by ISO 22157 standard is Bambusa vulgaris with 6.32 MPa from Asahan and Tanjung Balai, and for the specimens tested by ASTM D 143 standard is Bambusa vulgaris with 12.31 MPa from Batubara. From the result it can be seen that all samples tested with ASTM D 143 standard have higher shear strength than those who tested with ISO 22157, with conversion ratio of 0,63. For compression test, the highest compressive strength is Gigantochloa robusta with 65.41 MPa from Asahan and Tanjung Balai.
Lean Manufacturing: Waste Analysis in Crude Palm Oil Process
Authors: Rizkya I , Syahputri K , Sari R M , Situmorang D S
Published: May 2020

Lean Manufacturing is an approach to system efficiency by reducing waste. Companies need to identify value added activities on products, non-value added activities (waste) must be eliminated to decrease the production lead time. Palm Oil Industry produces 2 main products namely Crude Palm Oil and Kernel Palm Oil. This paper describes the waste analysis occur in the palm oil production process. Waste management activities are identified along the production process flow. Then investigates the waste root causes occur the most. The result obtained is value added activities of 47%, non-value added activities of 13%, and necessary non value added activities of 40%.
Node-based versus Server-based Data Validations in Internet of Things
Authors: Mubarakah Naemah , Sihombing Poltak , Suherman Suherman , Soeharwinto
Published: May 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) collects and sends data over TCP/IP network for the intended application. Some applications designed sensors to be lost after battery exhausted. Therefore, battery lifetime is important. On the other hand, data quality can be disrupted by the harsh environment and interfering noises, so that the transmitted data may be invalid. Transmitting invalid data may exhaust battery sooner, while implementing validation algorithm may absorb more power. This paper proposed a simple peak detection method in IoT sensor to avoid transmitting invalid data. The experimental evaluation was set up and the method was compared to server-based support vector machine classifier. The results show that the proposed method is able to cancel 86% error data transmission with 1.25% power savings.
Digitization of Batak Manuscripts Using Methods Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
Authors: Muchtar M A , Jaya I , Siregar Nandar Cholid , Nababan E B , Effendi Syahril , Sitompul O S , Zarlis M , Andayani U , Nasution T H , Siregar I , Syahputra M F
Published: May 2020

Digitalization of the Batak manuscript itself is still done manually. [2][4] Dr. Uli Kozok has made a Batak script font that can run on Windows, Linux, and Apple OSX but there is no system that can digitize Batak manuscripts properly. There is no system that can digitize the Batak manuscript itself automatically. Therefore, we need a system that can digitize Batak manuscripts. This system was built by applying the LVQ Method. Batak manuscript digitization in .jpg format is used as an image input file for the recognition process. Then image pre-processing including grayscale, contrast, thresholding, and segmentation is done in order to facilitate the recognition of Batak documents and recognition as a result of document recognition. The application of LVQ method can digitize the Batak manuscript well and in accordance with what is desired. This is supported by an accuracy rate of 97.9%. Based on system testing, the absence of training data in the input document, the letters are unclear, the position of the letters is not appropriate and the background in the document is still noise which greatly affects the success rate of the system in recognizing Batak script documents.
Augmented Reality Technologies for Interior Design Planning using a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Method
Authors: Syahputra M F , Aulia M R , Arisandy Dedi
Published: May 2020

Planning the placement of furniture in a room is an important planning process, with proper planning, the placement of furniture can be more efficient in the use of space, as well as from an aesthetic point of view. During this time the process can be done by using a sketch or other manual method. In this research, we use augmented reality technology to plan furniture placement in a room. We use the Markerless technique in the implementation of this AR system, and use the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique to determine the geospatial point where the furniture will be the desired layout. The results of this application ifound that good minimum distance in detecting SLAM on the ground is 60 cm and can only be seen up to a maximum position of 45 ° from the Z axis of the camera’s initial position when tracking. This application runs on the Android mobile platform Introduction.
A differentiable programming method for quantum control
Authors: Schäfer Frank , Kloc Michal , Bruder Christoph , Lörch Niels
Published: May 2020

Optimal control is highly desirable in many current quantum systems, especially to realize tasks in quantum information processing. We introduce a method based on differentiable programming to leverage explicit knowledge of the differential equations governing the dynamics of the system. In particular, a control agent is represented as a neural network that maps the state of the system at a given time to a control pulse. The parameters of this agent are optimized via gradient information obtained by direct differentiation through both the neural network and the differential equation of the system. This fully differentiable reinforcement learning approach ultimately yields time-dependent control parameters optimizing a desired figure of merit. We demonstrate the method’s viability and robustness to noise in eigenstate preparation tasks for three systems: a single qubit, a chain of qubits, and a quantum parametric oscillator.
Is biodiversity underestimated by classical herbarium-based taxonomy? A multi-disciplinary case study inSatyrium(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Botes Christo , van der Niet Timotheüs , Cowling Richard M , Johnson Steven D
Published: May 2020

Taxa relegated to synonymy with other superficially similar taxa based on herbarium-based taxonomy may be distinct species that are only ‘rediscovered’ on the collection of new, multi-disciplinary evidence. Here we investigate the case of Satyrium jacottetiae that has been included in the concept of S. membranaceum (Orchidaceae). The two taxa share similarities in some conspicuous traits, such as the dry and membranous floral bracts, light pink labellum and laceration of the petals, but a quantitative morphometric analysis based on 23 floral traits showed that the two taxa differentiate in ordination space. We found that the taxa can be distinguished by features of the rostellum (short and broad in S. jacottetiae and elongate and notched in S. membranaceum), which are not readily apparent from examination of herbarium specimens. A phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences further revealed that accessions of S. jacottetiae belong to a clade that contains two other Satyrium spp. but not S. membranaceum. The two taxa have largely non-overlapping distributions on slightly different soil types, but they also maintain their integrity in the few zones of overlap despite evidence indicating that both are primarily pollinated by nocturnal moths. Coexistence in these cases of sympatry appears to be facilitated by a sequential difference in flowering times. We conclude that S. jacottetiae and S. membranaceum are morphologically, phylogenetically, geographically and ecologically distinct and should therefore be recognized as separate species. This study highlights the importance of multi-disciplinary taxonomic effort to avoid under-assessment of biodiversity.
Evaluation of the Risk of Laboratory Microbial Contamination during Routine Testing in Automated Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratories
Authors: Farnsworth Christopher W , Wallace Meghan A , Liu Albert , Gronowski Ann M , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Yarbrough Melanie L
Published: May 2020

Background

Every clinical specimen is potentially infectious, but data regarding risk for contamination of the laboratory environment during routine testing are scarce. We assessed contamination during routine sample analysis in automated clinical chemistry and microbiology laboratories.

Methods

A fluorescent marker was applied to specimen container exteriors to assess the impact of gross contamination. Nonpathogenic MS2 virus was added to remnant blood, urine, and ESwab matrices as a biomarker of cross-contamination. Samples were processed and analyzed using Roche Cobas 8100 and ISE, c502, e602, and c702 modules (blood) and BD Kiestra total laboratory automation (blood, urine, ESwabs) over 3 experiments. Fluorescence transfer to laboratory surfaces and personnel was visualized using ultraviolet light. Surfaces were swabbed and assessed for MS2 cross-contamination by RT-PCR. Adherence to standard precautions by laboratory staff was assessed by observation.

Results

Fluorescence was observed on 49 of 165 (30%) laboratory surfaces and personnel and 21 of 93 (23%) total laboratory automation instruments. Fluorescence transferred most frequently to gloves (31/40), computer accessories (9/18), and specimen loading racks (12/12). None of 123 areas swabbed were positive for MS2. Improper personal protective equipment use occurred at a rate of 0.36 and 0.15 events per staff per hour in the chemistry and microbiology laboratories, respectively. Hand-washing compliance was observed for 61 of 132 (46%) staff members evaluated.

Conclusions

Analysis of grossly contaminated specimens on automated chemistry and microbiology equipment elicits a low likelihood of instrument contamination. However, handling contaminated specimen containers can result in contamination of environmental laboratory surfaces, representing a source of risk that is heightened by low adherence to appropriate personal protective equipment.
Education Quality and Teaching Practices
Authors: Bassi Marina , Meghir Costas , Reynoso Ana
Published: May 2020

Improving school quality with limited resources is a key issue of policy. This article uses a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to estimate the effectiveness of guided instruction methods as implemented in under-performing schools in Chile. The intervention improved performance substantially, and equally for boys and girls. However, the effect is mainly accounted for by children from relatively higher-income backgrounds. Basing our study on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) instrument, we document that the quality of teacher–student interactions is positively correlated with the performance of low-income students; however, the intervention did not affect these interactions. Guided instruction improves outcomes, but the challenge to reach the most deprived children remains.
Mandating access: assessing the NIH’s public access policy
Authors: Staudt Joseph
Published: May 2020

In April 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) implemented the Public Access Policy (PAP), which mandated that the full text of NIH-supported articles be made freely available on PubMed Central – the NIH’s repository of biomedical research. This paper uses 600,000 NIH articles and a matched comparison sample to examine how the PAP impacted researcher access to the biomedical literature and publishing patterns in biomedicine. Though some estimates allow for large citation increases after the PAP, the most credible estimates suggest that the PAP had a relatively modest effect on citations, which is consistent with most researchers having widespread access to the biomedical literature prior to the PAP, leaving little room to increase access. I also find that NIH articles are more likely to be published in traditional subscription-based journals (as opposed to ‘open access’ journals) after the PAP. This indicates that any discrimination the PAP induced, by subscription-based journals against NIH articles, was offset by other factors – possibly the decisions of editors and submission behaviour of authors.
Migration or ethnic minority status and risk of autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: systematic review
Authors: Morinaga Maki , Rai Dheeraj , Hollander Anna-Clara , Petros Nuhamin , Dalman Christina , Magnusson Cecilia
Published: May 2020

Background

There is an emerging evidence that the migration and the ethnic minority status are associated with the risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). This systematic review aimed to investigate whether associations are specific to ASD or ID; whether and which migration-related or ethnically determined factors are associated with the risk of ASD and ID; and what mechanisms may explain these risks.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, Medline and PsycINFO for studies reporting on the risks of ASD and/or ID among migrants, descendants of migrants and/or ethnic minorities. Risks of any ASD, ASD + ID, ASD – ID and any ID were reviewed in relation to migration and ethnic minority status, with consideration to the study quality. In addition, possible underlying mechanisms suggested in the included studies were summarized.

Results

Thirty-five studies were included. The summarized evidence indicated an increased risk of ASD + ID and a decreased risk of ASD – ID in migrants, descendants of migrants and ethnic minorities. These associations appeared more pronounced among children of migrant mothers, with origin in low-income countries, and among descendants of migrants. Data on ID were scarce. Suggested mechanisms explaining the increased risks of ASD + ID included environmental factors acting in utero and genetic factors (including consanguinity), while ascertainment bias was proposed to account for the lowered risks of diagnosed ASD – ID.

Conclusion

Migration-related factors acting in utero and/or associated with origin in low-income countries may be important in the ASD + ID aetiology, although further confirmative studies are needed.
A catalog of microbial genes from the bovine rumen unveils a specialized and diverse biomass-degrading environment
Authors: Li Junhua , Zhong Huanzi , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , Terrapon Nicolas , Lombard Vincent , Potocki-Veronese Gabrielle , Estellé Jordi , Popova Milka , Yang Ziyi , Zhang Hui , Li Fang , Tang Shanmei , Yang Fangming , Chen Weineng , Chen Bing , Li Jiyang , Guo Jing , Martin Cécile , Maguin Emmanuelle , Xu Xun , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Madsen Lise , Kristiansen Karsten , Henrissat Bernard , Ehrlich Stanislav D , Morgavi Diego P
Published: May 2020

Background

The rumen microbiota provides essential services to its host and, through its role in ruminant production, contributes to human nutrition and food security. A thorough knowledge of the genetic potential of rumen microbes will provide opportunities for improving the sustainability of ruminant production systems. The availability of gene reference catalogs from gut microbiomes has advanced the understanding of the role of the microbiota in health and disease in humans and other mammals. In this work, we established a catalog of reference prokaryote genes from the bovine rumen.

Results

Using deep metagenome sequencing we identified 13,825,880 non-redundant prokaryote genes from the bovine rumen. Compared to human, pig, and mouse gut metagenome catalogs, the rumen is larger and richer in functions and microbial species associated with the degradation of plant cell wall material and production of methane. Genes encoding enzymes catalyzing the breakdown of plant polysaccharides showed a particularly high richness that is otherwise impossible to infer from available genomes or shallow metagenomics sequencing. The catalog expands the dataset of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes described in the rumen. Using an independent dataset from a group of 77 cattle fed 4 common dietary regimes, we found that only <0.1% of genes were shared by all animals, which contrast with a large overlap for functions, i.e., 63% for KEGG functions. Different diets induced differences in the relative abundance rather than the presence or absence of genes, which explains the great adaptability of cattle to rapidly adjust to dietary changes.

Conclusions

These data bring new insights into functions, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, and microbes of the rumen to complement the available information on microbial genomes. The catalog is a significant biological resource enabling deeper understanding of phenotypes and biological processes and will be expanded as new data are made available.
Using multicomponent ambient seismic noise cross-correlations to identify higher mode Rayleigh waves and improve dispersion measurements
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Thurber Clifford H
Published: May 2020

Ambient seismic noise cross-correlation with three-component sensors yields a nine-component empirical Green's tensor, in which four components of the radial–vertical plane contain Rayleigh waves. We exploit the retrograde elliptical nature of particle motion of the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave to correct the phase of the four radial–vertical components and stack them to obtain an average fundamental mode Rayleigh-wave time-series. This technique can suppress incoherent noise and wave packets that do not follow the targeted elliptical particle motion. The same technique can be used to isolate the first higher mode Rayleigh wave that follows prograde elliptical particle motion. We first demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on synthetic waveforms and then apply it on noise cross-correlations computed in Central California. Using this method, we isolate 1st higher mode Rayleigh waves on noise cross-correlations in the Great Valley, California, which provides new phase velocity constraints for estimating velocity structure in the sedimentary basin. We also obtain improved estimates of fundamental mode Rayleigh-wave dispersion for surface-wave tomography. The waveforms stacked assuming retrograde particle motion return at least ∼20 per cent more group velocity dispersion measurements satisfying a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) criterion than the individual components for periods ∼4–18 s. For equivalent group velocity measurements, SNR for the stacked estimate of the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave is on average 40 per cent greater than that measured on the individual components at periods less than 10 s. The technique also provides an easy way to detect large errors in sensor orientation.