bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cuidados de enfermagem recomendados para avaliação e manejo da dor oncológica
Authors: Bison de Lima Analize , Dos Santos de Oliveira Francini , Kochenborger Larissa , Ross Taís , Dresch Eberhardt Thaís
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: identificar os cuidados de enfermagem recomendados para avaliação e manejo da dor oncológica. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Base de Dados de Enfermagem, via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em maio de 2022. Resultados: foram incluídos oito artigos, publicados entre os anos de 2008 a 2021, sendo identificadas evidências que recomendam cuidados de enfermagem para a avaliação e manejo da dor oncológica. Considerações finais: é recomendado, para avaliação da dor oncológica, a aplicação da Escala Numérica de avaliação da dor e avaliação por meio de anamnese completa, exame físico, abordagem psicossocial e familiar. Para o manejo da dor, é indicado o ANtiPain; acupuntura auricular; diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem segundo a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem.
Response to Selection for Body weight and Linear Body Traits in Breeds of Rabbit
Authors:   Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Federal College of Agriculture, Akure, Nigeria, Eshimutu Usman , Nwagu Bartholomew ,   National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, Kabir Mohammed ,   Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Published: October 2023

An assessment of the selection response of body weight and linear body traits in breeds of rabbit in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria was conducted. A population of 48 matured rabbits consisting of three breeds; New Zealand white, Chinchilla and Dutch was used in the experiment. Each breed represented a treatment group and was used to generate 288 rabbits in a nested design. The populations were selected at six weeks of age in all the generations. The growth traits considered were; body weight, ear length, nose to shoulder, body length, length of back leg, thigh length, and heart girth and thigh circumference. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS software. The New Zealand White had a higher body weight of 1157.92±22.75g and 1229.35±24.07g in generations one and two respectively, and heart girth of 20.09±0.14cm, thigh length of 15.93±0.09cm, body length of 44.52±0.48cm and thigh circumference 10.96±0.09cm in generation one. The length of back legs and heart girth in generation two were better expressed in Chinchilla and Dutch breeds, respectively. The selection response range was 19.45 - 22.20kg and 13.59 - 14.95kg in males and females respectively for body weight while the linear body traits ranged from 0.01 - 0.30cm and 0.01 - 0.28cm for males and females respectively in New Zealand white. For chinchilla, responses to selection for body weight were 9.45-10.33kg and 1.85 - 14.54kg for males and females respectively while linear body traits ranged from 0.01- 0.33cm for both males and females. The response to selection for body weight in Dutch ranged from 7.48 - 27.40kg and 18.38 - 18.66kg for males and females respectively, whereas for the linear body traits the range was 0.01 - 0.34cm and 0.02 - 0.40cm for males and females respectively. It was observed that the Dutch genotype had the best selection progress for body weight and linear body traits and therefore recommended for improvement of body weight and linear body traits
Estimation of Carcass Yield from Morphometric Traits of ROSS 308 Strain of Broiler Chicken Raised in Humid Zone of Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa-Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria, Ebong Uko , Sam Idorenyin ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa-Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria, Essien Comfort ,   Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Akwa-Ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus, Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria
Published: October 2023

Carcass yield is an important trait in broiler production which determines the profitability of the enterprise. This research was done to establish the correlation between morphometric traits and carcass yield as well as estimate carcass yield from morphometric traits of ROSS 308 broiler chicken. A total of 50 mixed - sex 8 weeks broiler was used for this study. Morphometric traits studied were wing length (WL), keel length (KL), thigh length (TL), body girth (BG), and body height (BH) whereas carcass yield traits were dress weight, thigh weight, and breast weight being customers most preferred parts. Data collected were subjected to correlation and regression analysis to establish the relationship between morphometric traits and carcass yield as well as the estimation of carcass yield. Results of the relationship between morphometric traits and carcass yield indicated that all the morphometric traits were significantly (p<0.05) and positively correlated with all the carcass yield measured, with the highest correlation being between wing length and breast weight (r= 0.932) while the lowest was the correlation between dressed weight and keel length (r= 0.201) while the simple linear regression indicated that carcass traits could be predicted accurately with all the morphometric traits. However, multiple regression analysis indicated a higher accuracy (using R2 value) when more than one variable was included in the equation. It was concluded that the high and positive correlation between the studied morphometric traits and carcass yield in the ROSS 308 strain of broiler indicates that these morphometric traits are good indicators of carcass traits. It was also revealed that the inclusion of more than one variable gave a better prediction of the carcass traits.
Effects of Parity on Udder and Teat Traits among Three Breeds of Cattle Raised Extensively in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Animal Production and Health Federal University Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria, Dauda Ayuba , Ahmadu Philip ,   Department of Animal Production and Health Federal University Wukari, Taraba State Nigeria
Published: October 2023

Selection of dairy cows traditionally among farmers using phenotypic traits is a major problem in the northern part of Nigeria. This work studied udder and teat traits of cows based on three parities (parity 1, 2 and 3). The knowledge of the relationship between the physical characteristics of the udder and teats with milk yield as selection indices would improve performance in dairy cattle. A total of 270 cows comprising 90 each of Sokoto Gudali, White Fulani and Red Bororo were used in this study. Each breed was further divided into 3 groups of thirty cows according to parity (Parity 1, 2, and 3). Udder traits measured were udder width (UW), udder length (UL) and udder depth (UD) while teat traits were front teat length (FTL), hind teat length (HTL), distance between front and hind teat (DBFHT), distance within front teat (DWFT), distance within hind teat (DWHT). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means were separated using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that in Sokoto Gudali, Parity 2 and 3 were similar and significantly (p<0.05) superior in FTL (6.570.43cm and 6.710.42cm) and DBFHT (9.500.50cm and 9.280.47cm) respectively whereas parity 1 was significantly (p<0.05) low in FTL (5.330.32cm) and DBFHT (8.300.49cm). Parity 1 was significantly (p<0.05) low in HTL (5.250.31cm) and UD (42.900.54cm) whereas parity 3 was significantly (p<0.05) superior in HTL (7.070.60cm) and UD (49.140.34cm). In White Fulani cows, Parity 3 was significantly (p<0.05) higher in DWFT (9.900.37cm), UW (29.100.43cm) and UL (28.300.44cm). Parity 1 and parity 2 were statistically similar and significantly (p<0.05) lower in DWFT, UW and UL as 7.400.40cm and 8.100.27cm, 26.000.59cm and 27.000.49cm and 26.000.59cm and 26.800.41cm respectively. In Red Bororo cows, Parity 2 and Parity 3 were statistically similar and significantly (p<0.05) higher in FTL and HTL as 6.200.29cm 5.60030cm and 6.130.52cm and 5.500.43cm respectively whereas Parity 1 was significantly (p<0.05) lower in FTL (4.500.31cm) and HTL (4.00021cm). Parity 3 was significantly (p<0.05) superior in UW 27.630.03cm whereas Parity 1 was significantly (p<0.05) low in UW 23.800.47cm. The study discovered that Parity had a significant effect on udder and teat traits in all three breeds studied.
The Impacts of Raw Material Research and Development Council on the Utilization of Industrial Raw Materials for Manufacturing in Nigeria
Authors:   Akwa Ibom State University, E. Ibok Enefiok , D. Ntuen Denis ,   Akwa Ibom State University
Published: October 2023

Research is paramount for meaningful development. Research is an important tool for advancing knowledge, stimulating and promoting progress, as well as searching for and coordinating economic development. This study examined the impact of raw material research and development council on the utilization of industrial raw materials for manufacturing in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, hypothesis was formulated to test the relationship between raw material research and development council and the utilization of industrial raw material for manufacturing in Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design where copies of questionnaire were distributed to 243 respondents being the sample size of the study. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between Raw Material Research and Development Council and the utilization of industrial raw materials for manufacturing in Nigeria. Hence, it was recommending that Nigerian government should intensify development of some strategic raw materials to facilitate their mass production and subsequent substitute in the import prohibition list; also that Nigerian government should encourage funding support for research and laboratory facilities to encourage the production of industrial raw materials for manufacturing in Nigeria.
Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Publik Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat (Studi tentang Layanan Perizinan Online Pada Dinas Penanaman Modal dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu Kabupaten Badung)
Authors: Nidyasari Anak Agung Sagung Putri , Wismayanti Kadek Wiwin Dwi , Prabawati Ni Putu Anik
Published: October 2023

Community satisfaction is the result of community opinions and assessments of the performance of services provided by public service providers. Public satisfaction reflects the government's success in providing effective and efficient public services. The factor that can influence the level of public satisfaction is the quality of public services. This research aims to analyze the influence of the quality of LAPERON public services in DPMPTSP Badung Regency on the satisfaction of people using LAPERON. This research was conducted on LAPERON users with a sample size of 370 respondents. Data collection in this research was carried out using the questionnaire method. The data analysis techniques used in this research are Simple Linear Regression Test, Simple Correlation Test, Determination Test, and T Test. The results of this research correlation test get a score of 0.855, so it can be said that variables X and Y have a very strong correlation. Then the results of the coefficient of determination, namely by squaring the correlation results, produce an R-Square of 0.731, which means that the quality of public services has an influence on public satisfaction of 73.1%. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. There is a positive and significant influence between the quality of LAPERON public services in DPMPTSP Badung Regency on the satisfaction of the LAPERON user community. The advice for LAPERON in DPMPTSP Badung Regency is to continue to pay attention to the quality of public services so that they remain positive, which can increase public trust and satisfaction with LAPERON.
Analysing Machine Learning based Approaches for Detecting Late Blight Disease in Potato Crop
Authors: Choudhary Shikha , Saxena Bhawna
Published: October 2023

Agriculture is a significant contributor in the world economy. With the drastic change in the geographical conditions, the occurrence of extreme events like floods, droughts, heat waves, etc. are increasing, thereby harming crop yield. Additionally, crop yield is adversely impacted by crop diseases causing significant losses towards food production. Protecting against losses incurred by crop diseases can aid in improving food security as well as strengthening the economy. Traditional methods of crop disease detection are time and labor-intensive, whereas the use of machine learning (ML) based methods fastens up the process,thereby helping implement corrective actions at an early stage. Multiple ML algorithms find application in the field of crop disease detection. Nevertheless, there exists a need to investigate the accuracies of different ML algorithm with regardto disease detection for a specific crop and disease combination. The performance of three ML algorithms, namely Random Forest, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and k-Nearest Neighbors with respect to late blight disease in potatoeswas investigated in this work.
INFRAESTRUTURA E SANEAMENTO BÁSICO NO BRASIL:
Authors: Silva dos Santos Mirabel , Ferreira dos Santos Diego , De Sá Itamar Sateles
Published: October 2023

A discussão em torno da temática do saneamento básico no Brasil é caracterizada por diversas perspectivas, seja contextos históricos, políticos ou na luta para o bem-estar social, sendo palco de discussão de diversos estudiosos das áreas das Ciências Humanas, da Política, da Economia dentre outros, os quais trazem pontos comuns no tocante as suas reflexões. Neste sentido, este trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa equitativa e de referências bibliográficas, busca debater pontos cruciais atrelados ao tema, enfatizando pontos determinantes, buscando discorrer a importância de sua história e dos debates no que concerne seus investimentos, suas leis e a participação da sociedade na busca de uma política mais democrática no setor vigente, ressaltando a relevância de se fazer presente em  interações participativas, de modo a considerar a saúde e o bem estar da comunidade. Com isso, este estudo, pode contribuir para pesquisas posteriores, bem como para debates políticos no que diz respeito ao saneamento básico, de modo que a trajetória no setor e as metas que não foram cumpridas sejam enfatizadas na sociedade brasileira.
IMPACTO DO USO DA TERRA NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DOS SOLOS NA APA DO TIMBURI, PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP
Authors: Sanches Moreira Emanuela , Rodrigues Nunes João Osvaldo
Published: October 2023

A apropriação do relevo, com o intuito de dominar a natureza em prol do modelo de produção capitalista, acarreta danos ambientais, sobretudo aos solos e à vegetação. A erosão dos solos é propiciada pela desagregação, remoção e transporte de partículas que ocorrem de forma natural por meio da ação da gravidade, da água e do vento. No entanto, a ação humana vem intensificando e acelerando esses processos, ultrapassando os níveis naturais de perda dos solos, promovendo sua transformação constante e provocando alterações em suas características originais, juntamente com a perda de fertilidade e de nutrientes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto do uso da terra na formação de processos erosivos e suas consequências nas características do solo numa propriedade rural localizada na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Timburi, município de Presidente Prudente-SP. A experiência empírica revelou um perfil de solo extremamente alterado, com grande quantidade de camadas segmentadas que não se enquadram em nenhuma classe do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, o que possibilita o debate acerca do uso da terra e do manejo inadequado dos recursos naturais.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO E PRECARIZAÇÃO DE MORADIAS NA ÁREA URBANA DE AQUIDAUANA – MS
Authors: Willian Francisco de Souza Jorge , Lopes Bastista Ricardo
Published: October 2023

As diferenças sociais atuantes, geradas pelo modo produção capitalista, tem como pano de fundo o cenário dos espaços urbanos, que por sua vez, se expressa na paisagem através das condições das moradias. Neste sentido, estudos que possam identificar as estratégias provenientes da população, considerada de baixa renda, quanto ao acesso à moradia são imprescindíveis. Assim, este estudo buscou identificar e mapear as moradias com fatores precarizadores pré-determinados nos bairros Centro e Exposição no município de Aquidauana – MS. Além de compreender as estratégias residênciais adotadas pela população considerada de baixa renda, em consonância com os aspectos socioeconômicos. Para isto, foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado e um roteiro de entrevista aos sujeitos pesquisados, além de registros fotográficos, visando identificar quais as prioridades que a população de baixa renda utiliza para garantir sua qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Ainda, foi possível observar que a distribuição espacial das moradias influencia diretamente na quantidade de fatores precarizadores atribuídos às residências. Assim, foi observado que as moradias mais precarizadas encontram-se próximas a áreas de descarte irregular de residúos sólidos e susceptivieis aos alagamentos sazonais.
OS INVESTIMENTOS ESTRANGEIROS DIRETOS PORTUGUESES E ALEMÃES NO CEARÁ, BRASIL
Authors: De Pessoa Albuquerque Martins Jonatas , Bezerra da Silva Cicero Andersson , Lima Pinheiro Vinicius Bernardo
Published: October 2023

O Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED) resulta da movimentação de capital através do estabelecimento de uma filial, da fusão ou da aquisição de empresa, havendo a presença do poder de controle do sócio estrangeiro. O IED pode ser estabelecido para diversos propósitos, podendo envolver interesses tanto da empresa investidora, quanto do Estado receptor. O estudo desse tema em território cearense justifica-se para iluminar esse aspecto no contexto da economia local, já que, nas últimas décadas, o volume de ingresso de IEDs no Ceará têm crescido acentuadamente, chegando a mais de R$21 bilhões em 2017. O objetivo do presente estudo é elucidar acerca do ingresso de IED no Ceará, com enfoque nos investimentos provenientes de Portugal e da Alemanha, dois países que estão entre os maiores investidores no estado. Analisou-se dados de 864 investimentos portugueses e alemães recebidos no Ceará no período de 1984 a 2017. Foi verificado que os IEDs de ambos os países apresentaram um rápido crescimento no início da década de 2000, estabilizando-se desde então. Através de estudos de caso com oito empresas alemãs e portuguesas atuantes no Ceará, verificou-se alinhamentos entre atividades no país de origem e no território cearense, tendo como embasamento a Escola Nórdica de Negócios Internacionais. Constatou-se que a chegada das empresas estrangeiras acentuou-se à medida que as políticas estatais favoráveis à atração de investimento foram sendo amplificadas.
DO PASTO AO GRÃO
Authors: Silva Farias Filho Marcelino , Serra Janilci , Sousa Ferreira Vitoria Gleyce
Published: October 2023

A Amazônia brasileira vem sendo rapidamente transformada pela extração de madeira, queimadas, inserção de pastagens, estabelecimento de culturas agrícolas e extração mineral. No território maranhense, a intervenção antrópica resultou na supressão da vegetação nativa e em muitos outros problemas ambientais, sendo que em municípios como Buriticupu, o bioma amazônico foi drasticamente impactado. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar alterações do bioma amazônico em Buriticupu e os processos de substituição de antigas áreas de pastagens por cultivos agrícolas intensivos, próprios do agronegócio. Para a realização da pesquisa, adotou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão de literatura, análise de imagens de satélite e a pesquisa de campo, com realização de entrevistas. Foram analisadas imagens dos satélites TM/ Landsat 5, do sensor OLI/Landsat 8 e do IVAS (Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo), a partir das quais foram detectadas as áreas desmatadas e ocupadas por campos de soja e outras culturas intensivas. Constatou-se que entre os anos de 1987 a 2017, houve aumento de solos expostos, com culturas de médio e alto vigor vegetativo e redução de cobertura vegetal nativa. Constatou-se também que parte das atuais áreas agrícolas ocupam antigas pastagens e que o avanço da agricultura intensiva tem prejudicado a população das comunidades, em função da aplicação de agrotóxicos que afetam os cultivos realizados nos pequenos quintais e áreas remanescentes.
Interactive methods used in collaborative writing in the online ESL classroom
Authors: Chojczak Diana , Starford Ashley
Published: October 2023

The last few years have amplified the use of digital technology in the second language (L2) classroom due to the emergence of COVID-19.Students were forced to study online, and, as a result, changing the interaction among students became crucial. While most English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) classrooms have since returned to face-to-face delivery, many providers are now considering the potential benefits of online learning and the strategies that make the platform and classroom interaction effective. One method of facilitating online interaction is collaborative writing (i.e.co-writing). Co-writing refers to two or more individuals producing work and contributing to a task together. While not a new phenomenon in face-to-face settings, this research project closely investigates the methods that students use to interact while completing co-writing tasks in an online environment and the impact these may have on L2 learning.The data, taken over five weeks, was collected from 15 adult English for Academic Purposes students in an online ELICOS classroom. Results showed areas of improvement in co-writing and a perception among students that co-writing was helpful. The paper aims to contribute to greater understanding and improved co-writing delivery and practice for ESL students and practitioners.
Arctic Permafrost Atlas
Authors:   GRID-Arendal, Westerveld Levi , Kurvits Tiina , Schoolmeester Tina , Eckhoff Torjus Solheim , Overduin Pier Paul , Fritz Michael , Alfthan Björn , Sinisalo Anna ,   Alfred Wegner Institute
Published: October 2023

Climate change is having a profound effect on every part of the globe but perhaps nowhere more so than on the Earth’s cryosphere. The Arctic Permafrost Atlas is a consolidation of the available knowledge on permafrost, offering insights into the diverse aspects of permafrost and the impacts of climate change on permafrost. It gathers the knowledge from the voices of scientists, Indigenous Peoples, northern residents, and local practitioners to provide a holistic and inclusive view of today’s challenges in the “country of permafrost”. The atlas is divided into seven chapters: introduction to permafrost; permafrost and climate change; permafrost change in terrestrial, coastal, and subsea permafrost; impacts of permafrost thaw on infrastructure, health, and economies; adaptation to permafrost thaw; permafrost outside the Arctic; and concludes by showing the links between the physical processes, key hazards, and consequences and the actions needed to address them.
Handling og erindring, håb og skyld: Arv som generationsbånd hos Arendt, Benjamin, Heine og Freud
Authors: Sigrid Weigel
Published: October 2023

SIGRID WEIGEL: ACTING AND MEMORY, HOPE AND GUILT: HERITAGE AS THE BOND OF GENERATIONS IN ARENDT, BENJAMIN, HEINE, AND FREUD

The article discusses different but related figures of trans-generational heritage in the writings of Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, Heinrich Heine, and Sigmund Freud. The common ground of these German-Jewish authors is an interpretative pattern within the theory of history/memory based in the idea of a strong bond of subsequent generations and their interrelation, which refers back to the biblical origins of the idea of ‘heritage’. Both Heine and Benjamin hypothesize a secret ag- reement between the generations, which might be read as the origin of the idea of solidarity. In Freud’s psychoanalysis we find a complementary concept in the figure of ‘archaic heritage’ elaborated in Monotheism, namely a trans-generational trans- feral of repressed memories of the ancestors to their offspring. While Freud, not coincidentally after the First World War and during the rise of Nazism, discovers the unconscious transfer of guilt, Arendt seeks – after the Second World War – to regain, in the space between human beings, action as the space of the political. By emphasizing ‘natality’ as a basic human condition she invests policy in the acting of men in history with the condition of the possibility of a new beginning. The future, according to the insight of these authors, will not be created in abstract images or produced by means of a program, but will come into being by the treatment of the past and the heritage of those who lived before us and by the way in which we act in the present.
Staten som arvinge: Arvsskatt i politisk debatt i Skandinavien, ca 1890-1935
Authors: Martin Dackling
Published: October 2023

Inheritance is normally distributed to the heirs, but during the 20th century thestate claimed a share of the estate through inheritance taxation. The purpose ofthis article is to examine how the successively increased importance of inheritancetaxation in Scandinavia was justified in political debate between 1890 and 1935.The results shows that the tax was mainly motivated by the state’s increased revenueneeds. The tax was not controversial in Denmark or Sweden, but caused strongconflicts in the Norwegian debate.
“Mindeaaret som ingen anden dansk Forsker fik”: Arven efter H.C. Ørsted og elektromagnetismen i 1920
Authors: Marcus Lee Naldal
Published: October 2023

This article shows how the legacy of Hans Christian Ørsted (1777-1851), and his discovery of electromagnetism in 1820, was reconfigured and used by the H.C. english abstracts Ørsted Committee from 1914 before and during the centenary of 1920. Combining Somsen’s (2008) concept of olympic internationalism with uses of the past, I suggest understanding the 1920-centenary as an instance of olympic commemoration [olympisk historiebrug]. I argue that central actors from the committee, e.g. Martin Knudsen (1871-1949) and Kirstine Meyer, née Bjerrum (1861-1941), used Ørsted's nationality to substantiate Denmark’s cultural and scientific achievements. By comparison to pre-twentieth century biographies, I show how the committee re-described Ørsted, i.e. from a scientist [Naturforsker] to being a Danish scientist [dansk Naturforsker]. The committee was deeply concerned with proving the big contributions by the small nation of Denmark, and I show how this relates to cultural politics of the early twentieth century Denmark.
How archaic man learned and mastered the world (cultural-semiotic explanation)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: October 2023

The article presents a cultural-semiotic reconstruction and explanation of the formation of archaic culture and some paradoxical ideas of people of that time for our consciousness (understanding of the eclipse, marital relations as hunting, technology). The culturological approach is explained and a new interpretation of semiotic concepts (signs, knowledge, schemes, models) is proposed as complementary, ensuring the integrity of archaic semiosis. The question is raised about how the archaic man knew and mastered the world around him and himself, what sources scientists rely on in trying to answer this question. It turns out that the knowledge and development of the world by an archaic person needs to be reconstructed and this is a very difficult task, given the strangeness and incomprehensibility of archaic ideas. The author shows that schemes are created and function based on signs and knowledge, and models differ from schemes, firstly, by the way objects are specified (the scheme sets its own object, and the model assumes the preliminary existence of the simulated object), secondly, by operational capabilities (the model allows you to calculate and predict what is impossible for the scheme). On the basis of the introduced semiotic concepts, the reconstruction of the formation of archaic culture is planned, including the invention of the soul scheme, its extension to natural and social phenomena, the explanation of sacrifices, eclipses, marriage rituals. In conclusion, the magical nature of the archaic technique is explained in this way.
Humanitarian Assistance in Japan's Foreign Policy: Basic Principles and Mechanisms for Providing Humanitarian Aid
Authors: Melkonyan Lusine
Published: October 2023

Humanitarian assistance is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of foreign policy of a state. The provision of humanitarian aid is currently a key area of Japan's international activities and foreign policy. As one of the world's largest humanitarian aid donors and the oldest member of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, Japan provides assistance in practically all areas of the world's conflicts and natural and anthropogenic hazards. Official Development Assistance (ODA) and humanitarian aid as its subspecies are considered as a practical tool for Japan's international humanitarian activities. Japan's experience in the field of humanitarian assistance is the object of research by both Japanese and foreign authors who evaluate Japanese humanitarian assistance in different ways. A distinctive feature of modern Japan's humanitarian assistance is an integrated approach to providing aid, with an emphasis on cooperation with international organizations and the attraction of available funds from various government departments and organizations. Japan plays a leading role in the field of humanitarian assistance in the international arena and takes an active part in shaping the international agenda in this area.
The tasks of cultural diplomacy as part of the strategic culture of the People's Republic of China.
Authors: Romanova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2023

As China major actor of the world politics, the development of Chinese culture is not only an internal need to improve its own comprehensive strength, but also an external need for the world to understand Chinese culture. The subject of the study is the study of the strategic culture of the PRC. The subject of the research is to identify the main tasks of China's cultural diplomacy. Here we should pay attention to the study of the strategic importance of cultural diplomacy. Culture has become not only an instrument of international competition, but also an important means of maintaining and expanding national interests and acquiring an international image. The main conclusion of the study is the understanding that the development of cultural strategy is an integral part of China's modern diplomacy. It is as important as economic globalization and political multipolarity. The use of culture as a means of diplomacy is the result of hundreds of years of world practice. A good understanding of cultural diplomacy is equivalent to mastering a skill that is a link between countries. The purpose of the work is to search and analyze the tasks of China's cultural diplomacy as one of the important parts of the strategic culture of the country as a whole. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the use of materials in Chinese, as well as conducting research based on Chinese experts.
Pedagogical conditions for the formation of creative independence of art and pedagogical university students in China and Russia: comparative analysis
Authors: Wu Si
Published: October 2023

Creative independence of art students is one of the most important conditions for successful study and further employment in modern art education in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The purpose of this publication is to identify those organizational-pedagogical, psychological-pedagogical and didactic conditions in modern Russian and Chinese art universities that activate the creative independence of students. In Russia, they are more focused on stimulating the ability of students to perform educational activities independently of teachers. In China, the main focus is on independence in the creative search of students. The analysis shows that the formation of creative independence in the educational process in pedagogical universities of Russia and China in the conditions of personality-oriented learning allows students to improve both visual abilities and skills of a future teacher-artist through complexes of creative tasks or projects and participation in exhibition projects. The preparation of curricula with an emphasis on the independent work of students is a priority direction of development in such educational institutions, which is focused on the creative and research activities of students, but within the framework of certain educational tasks. The latter do not restrict the freedom of students, but, on the contrary, are those "difficulties" that provoke independence in plastic and meaningful solutions in creative works.
The research of electrical parameters of threshold detectors
Authors: Sharipov Rifat Rashatovich , Yusupov Bulat Zufarovich
Published: October 2023

This research work provides an in-depth analysis of the fire alarm system, considered as a security tool for a variety of facilities, from industrial buildings to residential premises. Two key subsystems serve as the basis for the study: the fire alarm system, which is designed to detect and report the occurrence of fire, and the intrusion alarm system, whose task is to detect attempts at illegal intrusion. For each of these subsystems, their functions and components are investigated, their mechanism of action, principles of operation, and possible implementation options are described, depending on the specific conditions and security requirements. At the same time, emphasis is placed on three types of automatic fire alarm systems: threshold, addressable and addressable-analog, each of which has its own features, advantages and disadvantages. The article goes beyond theoretical analysis and presents the results of a practical study of the three main types of fire alarm systems: wired, wireless and addressable. The study is based on a specially designed training stand, which allows you to simulate the operation of fire alarm systems in conditions as close to reality as possible. The article demonstrates the connection schemes of detectors, explains their states in the "normal" and "alarm" modes. It is noted that the currents and voltages of alarm loops in different modes were measured. Dependency diagrams of these parameters are presented, and the alarm threshold levels are measured. The research presented in the paper provides a valuable contribution to the study and optimization of alarm and fire systems, providing meaningful data for the development and testing of these systems. The paper can be useful for fire and security professionals and those interested in improving the performance of these systems.
The poem «Terkin in the Next World» by A. Tvardovsky and the story «Notes from the Spirit World» by Zhang Tian-yi: a dystopian mortal mirror of the political regime
Authors: Dubakov Leonid , Li Yuting
Published: October 2023

Russian and Chinese dystopias have similarities and differences in their genesis. The proximity of the dystopian texts of the two cultures is due to parallel historical and social processes, which are reflected in the plots of the corresponding works. The difference is manifested in the accents that both literature puts. In particular, we can say that there is no Chinese dystopia in the Western and Russian understanding: China sees dystopia more as fiction and satire. Despite this, Russian and Chinese dystopias have similar features. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideological, plot, and motivational calls between A. Tvardovsky's poem "Terkin in the Next World" and Zhang Tian-yi's novel "Notes from the Spirit World". The scientific novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the author for the first time compares these works, designates genre signs of dystopia in both texts, formulates the specifics of the writer's assessment of the corresponding dystopian regime. The inhabitants of the afterlife, in which Terkin found himself, and the world of spirits are the image of contemporaries of Tvardovsky and Zhang Tian–yi, citizens of the state, which is metaphorically portrayed by writers as the reality of death. This infernal world turns out to be a mortal mirror for the political regime. In the case of "Terkin in the next world" it is an authoritarian regime, in the case of "Notes from the spirit world" it is a pseudo–liberal regime, and but in fact - oligarchic and nationalistic.
Diurnal seismic ambient noise and seismic station performance characterization in the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Zannat Naharin , Farazi Atikul Haque , Kamal ASM Maksud , Rahman Md. Zillur , Hossain Md. Shakhawat
Published: October 2023

Seismic ambient noise (SAN) energy can potentially blur regional and teleseismic arrivals as well as various microearthquakes at specific frequencies. Therefore, quantification of the SAN energy level in a region is required to optimize seismic station distribution for seismological investigations. Moreover, evaluation of station performance and noise source is possible from observation of SAN energy levels. The SAN energy distribution from seismic stations in the Bengal Basin (BB), Bangladesh has not yet been estimated. At the same time, this tectonically active and complex region is less studied using seismic methods. This study aims to quantify SAN energy and characterize its diurnal variation along with evaluating station performance at 11 seismic stations, which were temporarily installed in the deeper portion of the BB. Herein, the daily SAN energy level was determined within the period range of 0.02–30 s by estimating the power spectral density (PSD) of seismic data for 7 continuous days. SAN energy and its variation over time were observed using the probability density functions (PDFs) of PSDs and spectrograms, respectively. The sources of SAN energies at different period bands were also investigated by comparing the PSDs with daily variations in human activities, nearby noise sources, local meteorological factors (i.e., air temperature and precipitation), and sea level height. The insights from this study could be useful for the future deployment of seismic networks as well as seismological studies in the BB.
The development and origin of the two-stage silicification of Upper Jurassic limestones from the northern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)
Authors: Kochman Alicja , Matyszkiewicz Jacek
Published: October 2023

The Upper Jurassic carbonates representing the microbial-sponge megafacies in the area of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (KCU) were locally silicified. In the reclaimed Lipówki Quarry, in Rudniki near Częstochowa (in the northern part of the Upland), macroscopically different silicification products were observed in blocks of Upper Jurassic limestones, deposited as mining waste. Two varieties were distinguished: (i) chert concretions representing the I silicification stage and (ii) light-brown, silicified limestones infilling the fractures in chert concretions or forming the cortices around the concretions or forming irregular bodies, all representing the II silicification stage. The diagnostic features are the following: (i) macroscopic development, (ii) the presence of moganite exclusively in chert concretions and (iii) significant differences in crystallinity index (CI) values, namely: 0.1–0.7 for chert concretions and 6.0–6.6 for silicified limestones. The formation of chert concretions was initiated as early as in unconsolidated sediment, whereas the II silicification stage followed the chemical compaction of the limestones. The results of geochemical analyses of the products of both silicification stages indicated that the probable source of silica were the low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. Two types of fractures were found in the chert concretions, generated during different tectonic events. The older, open fractures were formed during the extension of the Late Jurassic sedimentary basin, which formerly occupied the territory of the more recent KCU. These fractures were infilled with unconsolidated, fine-detrital carbonate sediment, in which the concretions were embedded and finally silicified in the II silicification stage. The younger, closed fractures, transversal to those filled by the products of II silicification stage, along which small displacements are evident, document the later tectonic deformations presumably related to Cenozoic faulting.
Malacological indicators of anthropogenic and natural environmental changes of the Podhale Basin during the last 2000 years. Studies in the Rogoźnik Stream valley (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)
Authors: Alexandrowicz Witold Paweł , Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia , Laskowska Paulina
Published: October 2023

The lithological and malacological studies covered sediments forming the low terrace of the Rogoźnik Stream in the northwest part of the Podhale Basin. This terrace is characterised by a uniform structure within a significant part of the valley. Three layers of gravel and four layers of sandy and silty muds were found there. A rich and diversified malacofauna was discovered in fine-grained sediments. Its analysis allowed us to characterise environmental conditions during sediment deposition. The age of the individual components of the sedimentary sequence was determined by radiocarbon dating. A distinct change was found in the upper intervals of the sequence, corresponding to the warm phase of the Medieval Climate Optimum. This period is associated with the robust development of agriculture, and processes related to human activities became the main factor shaping the environment, influencing the course of geological processes, and changing the taxonomical and ecological structure of the fauna and flora assemblages found in this area.
ChatGPT identifies gender disparities in scientific peer review
Authors: Verharen Jeroen P. H.
Published: October 2023

The peer review process is a critical step in ensuring the quality of scientific research. However, its subjectivity has raised concerns. To investigate this issue, I examined over 500 publicly available peer review reports from 200 published neuroscience papers in 2022-2023. OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence
ChatGPT
was used to analyze language use in these reports. It demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional lexicon- and rule-based language models. As expected, most reviews for these published papers were seen as favorable by
ChatGPT
(89.8% of reviews), and language use was mostly polite (99.8% of reviews). However, this analysis also demonstrated high levels of variability in how each reviewer scored the same paper, indicating the presence of subjectivity in the peer review process. The results further revealed that female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers, indicating a gender bias in reviewing. In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author, for which I discuss potential causes. Together, this study highlights the potential of generative artificial intelligence in performing natural language processing of specialized scientific texts. As a proof of concept, I show that
ChatGPT
can identify areas of concern in scientific peer review, underscoring the importance of transparent peer review in studying equitability in scientific publishing.
Comparison between pystan and numpyro in Bayesian item response theory: evaluation of agreement of estimated latent parameters and sampling performance
Authors: Nishio Mizuho , Ota Eiji , Matsuo Hidetoshi , Matsunaga Takaaki , Miyazaki Aki , Murakami Takamichi
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare two libraries dedicated to the Markov chain Monte Carlo method: pystan and numpyro. In the comparison, we mainly focused on the agreement of estimated latent parameters and the performance of sampling using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method in Bayesian item response theory (IRT).

Materials and methods

Bayesian 1PL-IRT and 2PL-IRT were implemented with pystan and numpyro. Then, the Bayesian 1PL-IRT and 2PL-IRT were applied to two types of medical data obtained from a published article. The same prior distributions of latent parameters were used in both pystan and numpyro. Estimation results of latent parameters of 1PL-IRT and 2PL-IRT were compared between pystan and numpyro. Additionally, the computational cost of the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was compared between the two libraries. To evaluate the computational cost of IRT models, simulation data were generated from the medical data and numpyro.

Results

For all the combinations of IRT types (1PL-IRT or 2PL-IRT) and medical data types, the mean and standard deviation of the estimated latent parameters were in good agreement between pystan and numpyro. In most cases, the sampling time using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method was shorter in numpyro than that in pystan. When the large-sized simulation data were used, numpyro with a graphics processing unit was useful for reducing the sampling time.

Conclusion

Numpyro and pystan were useful for applying the Bayesian 1PL-IRT and 2PL-IRT. Our results show that the two libraries yielded similar estimation result and that regarding to sampling time, the fastest libraries differed based on the dataset size.
Agricultural -News Visibility in Indian Newspapers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jain Alka , Kumar Shailendra , Sharma Ashutosh , Verma Shriya , Chauhan Ayonija , Shukla Shalini , Kumar Avinash
Published: October 2023

The coverage of agricultural news is of great significance in the Indian economic and social scenario. The present study explores the print visibility of agricultural news in three newspapers in India. Therefore, research was accomplished through a random selection of three national- newspapers, Hindi(one) and English (two), namely Dainik Jagran, The Hindu, and The Hindustan Times. The agricultural news in the three newspapers was collected from December 2020 to November 2021 and categorized into political news, advisories, policy, techno-innovation, entrepreneurship, and environmental. The articles were extracted from E- Papers and print PDFs for practical purposes based on keyword selection. The findings revealed that the agricultural news covered by the newspapers was feeble and under 5 % of the total news content. The total number of agricultural articles found from December 2020 to November 2021 was 6191. However, Dainik Jagran led in print visibility with a yearly average of 4.71 per cent, followed by The Hindustan Times at 4.30 percent and The Hindu at 3.23 percent. The print visibility ranged from 8.0 percent to a maximum, and the minimum was 1.8 percent. It was also found that Agri-political news had maximum visibility in two of the three newspapers (68.3 percent in the Hindu and 33 percent in Dainik Jagran).