bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging Strategies for the Synthesis of Correlated Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Huang Yucong , Xiong Jingjing , Zou Zhigang , Chen Zhongxin
Published: February 2024

People have been looking for an energy‐efficient and sustainable method to produce future chemicals for decades. Heterogeneous single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with atomic dispersion of robust, well‐characterized active centers are highly desirable. In particular, correlated SACs with cooperative interaction between adjacent single atoms allow the switching of the single‐site pathway to the dual or multisite pathway, thus promoting bimolecular or more complex reactions for the synthesis of fine chemicals. Herein, the structural uniqueness of correlated SACs, including the intermetal distance and electronic interaction in homo/heteronuclear metal sites is featured. Recent advances in the production methods of correlated SACs, showcasing the research status and challenges in traditional methods (such as pyrolysis, wet impregnation, and confined synthesis) for building a comprehensive multimetallic SAC library, are summarized. Emerging strategies such as process automation and continuous‐flow synthesis are highlighted, minimizing the inconsistency in laboratory batch production and allowing high throughput screening and upscaling toward the next‐stage chemical production by correlated SACs.
Emerging Co‐Assembled and Sustained Released Natural Medicinal Nanoparticles for Multitarget Therapy of Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Shen Jingjing , Chen Linfu , Lv Xinying , Liu Nanhui , Miao Yu , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Zhisheng , Li Maoyi , Yang Yang , Liu Zhuang , Chen Qian
Published: February 2024

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) disease has become a worldwide senile disease, and frequent intravitreal injection of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) is the mainstream treatment in the clinic, which is associated with sight‐threatening complications. Herein, nintedanib, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, and lutein, a potent antioxidant, can co‐assemble into nanoparticles through multiple noncovalent interactions. Interestingly, the co‐assembled lutein/nintedanib nanoparticles (L/N NPs) exhibit significantly improved stability and achieve long‐term sustained release of two drugs for at least two months in mice. Interestingly, in rabbit eyeball with a more complete barrier system, the L/N NPs still successfully distribute in the retina and choroid for a month. In the laser‐induced mouse choroidal neovascularization model, the L/N NPs after a minimally invasive subconjunctival administration can successfully inhibit angiogenesis and achieve comparable and even better therapeutic results to that of standard intravitreal injection of anti‐VEGF. Therefore, the subconjunctival injection of L/N NPs with long‐term sustained drug release behavior represents a promising and innovative strategy for AMD treatment. Such minimally invasive administration together with the ability to effectively inhibit angiogenesis reduce inflammation and counteract oxidative stress and holds great potential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life in those suffering from this debilitating eye condition.
Lattice Strain Enhanced Phase Transformation of NaYbF4: 2% Er3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles by Tuning the Molar Ratio of Na+/Yb3+
Authors: Xiao Weitong , Chen Jingyang , Wang Feiran , Luan Weiling , Wu Yiting , Turyanska Lyudmila
Published: February 2024

NaYbF4 upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have enhanced optical properties compared to the NaYF4 UCNPs. However, synthesis of monodisperse NaYbF4 with controllable size and optical properties poses challenges, and the mechanism of phase transformation remains to be understood. Here, they report on the effect of Na+/Yb3+ molar ratio on the morphological and optical properties of upconverting NaYbF4: 2% Er3+ nanoparticles. Controllable transformation of cubic phase nanoparticles produced with [Na+]/[Yb3+] = 1 to hexagonal phase is achieved by increasing Na+ content. The hexagonal UCNPs produced with [Na+]/[Yb3+] = 4 have significantly enhanced intensity of optical emission of ≈600 times compared with the pure cubic phase crystal. The work reveals that the increasing dislocation of sodium and ytterbium distribution cause the accumulation of the lattice strain with increasing Na+ content, and triggers the lattice strain‐mediated phase transformation in cubic cell, as confirmed by the Density Function Theory simulations. These results provide new insights into the growth of UCNPs and pave the way for developing controlled synthesis of UCNPs for applications as bio‐probes and for energy harvesting.
ZrO2 Holographic Metasurfaces for Efficient Optical Trapping in The Visible Range
Authors: Biabanifard Mohammad , Plaskocinski Tomasz , Xiao Jianling , Di Falco Andrea
Published: February 2024

Holographic Metasurfaces (HMs) in the visible range enable advanced imaging applications in compact, planarized systems. The ability to control and structure light with high accuracy and a high degree of freedom is particularly relevant in lab‐on‐chip biophotonic applications. Pushing the operation wavelength into the blue region and below is an open challenge. Here, it is demonstrated that Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) metasurfaces (MSs) are particularly well‐suited to satisfy these requirements. Specifically, MSs are designed for optical trapping applications with a high numerical aperture (NA = 1.2) at a wavelength as low as 488 nm, with trap stiffness >200 pN (µmW)−1.
Facile Construction of Chestnut‐Like Structural Fireproof PDMS/Mxene@BN for Advanced Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Shielding Applications
Authors: Bian Fuping , Huang Rui , Li Xiaobin , Hu Jiwen , Lin Shudong
Published: February 2024

Composite polymer materials featured superior thermal conductivity, flame retardancy, and electromagnetic shielding performance are increasingly in demand due to the rapid development of highly miniaturized, portable, and flexible electronic devices. Herein, a facile and green ball milling shear method is utilized for generating MXene@Boron nitride (MXene@BN). The multi‐functional fillers (MXene@BN) are constructed and incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare a multifunctional composite (PDMS/MXene@BN) for achieving improved electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance and thermal conductivity as well as flame retardancy simultaneously. When the PDMS/MXene@BN composite has a MXene@BN loading of 2.4 wt.%, it exhibits a high thermal conductivity of 0.59 W m−1K−1, which is 210% higher than that of the pure PDMS matrix. This is attributed to its unique chestnut‐like double‐layer structure. With a smoke production rate (SPR) of 0.04 m2 s−1 and total smoke production (TSP) of 3.51 m2, PDMS/MXene@BN 2.4 composite exhibits superb smoke suppression properties. These SPR and TSP values are 63.20% and 63.50% lower than the corresponding values of pure PDMS. Moreover, the EMI SE of the PDMS/MXene@BN 2.4 can reach 26.3 dB at 8.5 GHz. The work reported herein provides valuable insight into developing composites with multiple functions, which show strong potential for application in advanced packaging materials.
Enabling 4.5 V Solid Polymer Batteries through a 10 µm, Crosslinked Polyether Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Helin , Shao Ahu , Wang Zhiqiao , Tang Xiaoyu , Li Shaowen , Liu Jiacheng , Ma Yue
Published: February 2024

The implementation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in energy‐dense batteries faces severe challenges including sluggish ionic diffusion, oxidation tendency at the cathode interface, dendrite protrusion from the metallic anode, as well as the technological incompatibility with the layer stack‐up cell assembly. Herein, an in‐situ polymerization strategy is presented to deal with above dilemma for the solid battery prototyping. The in situ cross‐linked poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether is embedded within the nanocellulose framework, endowing SPE membrane with the reinforced mechanical strength (11.31 MPa) at the thickness of 10 µm as well as superior ionic conductance (150 mS). After a rigorous selection, the sacrificial triphenylphosphine additive preferentially oxidizes on the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode to form the cathode electrolyte interface during the formation charging. Concurrently, the solvated zinc(II) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide constructs the polyether/LiZn mosaic layer on the Li foil, which effectively promotes interfacial cation diffusion and horizontal deposits propagation. By pairing the polymerized SPE with the thin‐layer Li foil (50 µm) and the NCM811 cathode (25 mg cm−2), the 94 mAh pouch‐format cell can realize a gravimetric/volumetric energy density of 397.5 Wh kg−1 and 1197.6 Wh L−1, high‐voltage tolerance till 4.5 V, and robust cyclability (95.1% capacity retention for 200 cycles).
Coupling atomic layer deposition with supercritical fluid processing to provide a highly C3H6‐selective ZIF‐8 membrane
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Hu Wenjing , Sun Yanwei , Ji Taotao , He Yongfu , Yu Kunpeng , Wu Mingming , He Gaohong , Liu Yi
Published: February 2024

Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) membrane is well recognized for its great capability in efficient C3H6/C3H8 separation, and their sustainable fabrication is extremely advantageous for batch production and commercial application. In this study, a solvent‐free protocol was developed for sustainable production of ZIF‐8 membranes with exceptional C3H6/C3H8 selectivity through combining atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique with in situ supercritical fluid (SCF) processing. Experimental results indicated that maintaining appropriate deposition number and conducting SCF processing in gas‐like supercritical carbon dioxide region were crucial for obtaining ZIF‐8 membranes with excellent C3H6/C3H8 selectivity (~185), one of the highest among ZIF‐8 membranes reported in the literature. Noteworthy, not only residual 2‐methylimidazole ligands along with vented gaseous CO2 could be fully recycled and repetitively utilized, but also obsoleting ZIF‐8 membranes could be effectively patched upon SCF‐based treatment. The above‐mentioned solvent‐free protocol holds great application prospects for sustainable production of diverse high‐performance metal–organic framework membranes.
Role of mechanotransduction on decision making for treatment of chronic wounds
Authors: McElvain Kelly , Gopalakrishnan Sandeep , Dabagh Mahsa
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study is to take an initial step to determine and interpret the extents to which biophysical wound dressing properties impact mechanotransduction within a wound tissue. Current experimental techniques make it challenging to investigate many of the complexities of the wound healing process. Thus, the purpose of this study is to begin with computational models and theoretical descriptions that propose predictions and explanations of the role of various mechanical wound dressing characteristics on mechanotransduction in wound tissues. Three‐dimensional models of wound tissue and wound dressings have been developed to analyze how von Mises stresses are distributed within the tissue models. Our results show that shorter ellipsoid dressings lead to highest stresses within the wound tissue where dressing's thickness and stiffness don't show a significant impact. When using a rectangular dressing, shorter, softer, thinner ones lead to high stress transmission to a wound tissue.
Mothers and sportsmen: The gendered and racialised nature of role model selection for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander youths
Authors: Guerzoni Michael Andre , Prehn Jacob , Peacock Huw
Published: February 2024

This article seeks to understand who Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children select as role models, and the reasons underlying these choices. Drawing data from Wave 8 of the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children, it comprises a sample of 307 children (169 male and 138 female) aged between 10.5 and 12 years at the time of data collection. Content analysis was used to analyse survey responses regarding two questions pertaining to role models, the analytical process being underpinned by Indigenous standpoint theory. The findings show that participants tended to select role models correlating with their gender and who were Indigenous or people of colour. For boys, most selected Indigenous sportsmen, whilst girls more evenly selected mothers, women from the entertainment industry, and sportswomen. The reasons why these individuals were selected were similar for boys and girls: the role model's ability, mastery and/or competency in a given field. These findings are important for educators and schools in guiding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youths in their educational and career choices, and for policymakers in creating campaigns and pathways into fields where Indigenous persons are underrepresented.
Patient perspectives on chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis: Symptom prioritization in the era of highly effective modulator therapy
Authors: Liu Christine M. , Han Ethan J. , Fischer Jakob L. , Mace Jess C. , Mattos Jose L. , Markarian Karolin , Alt Jeremiah A. , Bodner Todd E. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Eshaghian Patricia H. , Getz Anne E. , Hwang Peter H. , Khanwalkar Ashoke , Kimple Adam J. , Lee Jivianne T. , Li Douglas A. , Norris Meghan , Nayak Jayakar V. , Owens Cameran , Patel Zara M. , Poch Katie , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Kristine A. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Turner Grant A. , Wang Marilene B. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. , Saavedra Milene T. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Rhinologic symptom prioritization and areas that influence CRS treatment choices, including pursuing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), remain understudied.

Methods

Adult PwCF + CRS were enrolled at eight centers into a prospective, observational study (2019–2023). Participants were administered the 22‐SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) survey and a modified SNOT‐22 instrument examining symptom importance. We determined importance rankings for individual symptoms and SNOT‐22 symptom importance subdomains in two sets of subgroups—those pursuing ESS versus continuing medical management (CMT), and those on elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) versus not on ETI.

Results

Among 69 participants, the highest priorities were nasal congestion (n = 48, 69.6% important), post‐nasal discharge (32, 46.4%), facial pain (29, 43.3%), waking up tired (27, 39.1%), and fatigue (26, 37.7%). Those electing surgery (n = 23) prioritized sleep and psychological dysfunction symptoms compared to those pursuing CMT (n = 49) (sleep median score = 19.0 [interquartile range: 12.0, 25.0] vs. 4.5 [0.0, 12.8]; p < 0.0001; psychological = 17.0 [7.0, 26.0] vs. 7.0 [0.0, 15.8]; p = 0.002). ETI users had comparable SNOT‐22 total symptom importance scores to non‐ETI users (p = 0.14). Non‐ETI users (n = 34) showed a trend toward prioritizing sleep symptoms compared to ETI users (n = 35) (13.0 [2.8, 22.3] vs. 6.0 [2.0, 17.0]; p = 0.055).

Conclusions

Nasal congestion and post‐nasal discharge were top priorities reported by PwCF + CRS. Those electing surgery prioritized sleep and psychological symptoms, highlighting their importance in pre‐operative discussions. Non‐ETI users’ prioritization of sleep improvement may highlight their unique disease impact and therapeutic needs; however, additional investigation is required.
Assessment of social vulnerability impact in care and prognosis of sinonasal cancers in the United States
Authors: Kanaris Achilles A. , Fei‐Zhang David J. , Fletcher Lily B. , Smith Stephanie S. , Patel Urjeet A. , D'Souza Jill N. , Chelius Daniel C. , Sheyn Anthony M. , Rastatter Jeffrey C.
Published: February 2024

Key point

Social determinants of health interactively influence sinonasal cancer care and prognosis.

Housing‐transportation and socioeconomic status showed the largest associations with disparities.

The social vulnerability index can reveal the social determinants of sinonasal cancers.
Flexible Zn‐ion Electrochromic Batteries with Multiple‐color Variations
Authors: Liu Qinbo , Ou Xu , Niu Yajuan , Li Legeng , Xing Doudou , Zhou Yingjie , Yan Feng
Published: February 2024

Electrochromic batteries as emerging smart energy devices are highly sought after owing to their real‐time energy monitoring through visual color conversion. However, their large‐scale applicability is hindered by insufficient capacity, inadequate cycling stability, and limited color variation. Herein, a flexible Zn‐ion electrochromic battery (ZIEB) was assembled with sodium vanadate (VONa+) cathode, ion‐redistributing hydrogel electrolyte, and Zn anode to address these challenges. The electrolyte contains anchored −SO3− and ‐NH3+, which facilitates ionic transportation and prevents Zn dendrite formation by promoting orientated Zn2+ deposition on the Zn (002) surface. The ZIEB exhibits a continuous reversible color transition, ranging from fully charged orange to mid‐charged brown and drained green. It also demonstrates a high specific capacity of 302.4 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 0.05 A ⋅ g−1 with a capacity retention of 96.3 % after 500 cycles at 3 A ⋅ g−1. Additionally, the ZIEB maintains stable energy output even under bending, rolling, knotting, and twisting. This work paves a new strategy for the design of smart energy devices in wearable electronics.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Ruthenium(BINAP)(PPh3)
Authors: Zhou Yifei , Wensink Niels H. , Pécharman Anne‐Frédérique , Miloserdov Fedor M.
Published: February 2024

Ru(BINAP)(PPh3)HCl cleanly reacts with LiCH2TMS to give Ru(BINAP)(PPh3) (1) that has been fully characterized, including by X‐ray diffraction (BINAP and TMS stand for (2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl and trimethylsilyl respectively). In sharp contrast with other carbonyl‐free phosphine complexes of Ru(0), 1 demonstrates a strikingly high thermal stability and no propensity for intramolecular C−H activation (cyclometalation). Yet 1 coordinates acetonitrile and readily exchanges its PPh3 ligand with alkenes and dienes, thus behaving like a “masked” 16‐e Ru(0) species. Electron‐poor alkenes coordinate more readily than electron‐rich ones, which testifies for the nucleophilic character of the Ru(0)‐BINAP fragment. While being thermally stable, 1 is highly reactive and is capable of activating C−H and N−H bonds, and even of cleaving an inert N−Et bond. The combination of high reactivity and stability originates from the P,arene‐chelation by the BINAP ligand, i.e., the coordinated π‐arene stabilizes Ru(0) to prevent cyclometalation, yet it can slide upon substrate coordination, thereby enabling a variety of inert bond activation reactions to occur under mild conditions.
Amine‐releasable Mediator In situ Repair Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Tan Licheng , Luo Xiao , He Jiacheng , Dai Runying , Feng Chuizheng , Zhang Qingguo , Yang Jia , Chen Yiwang
Published: February 2024

Residual lead iodide (PbI2) is deemed to a double‐edged sword in perovskite film as small amounts of PbI2 are beneficial to the photovoltaic performance, but excessive will cause degradation of photovoltaic performance and stability. Herein, an in situ repair strategy has been developed by introducing amine‐releasable mediator (methylammonium pyridine‐2‐carboxylic, MAPyA) to eliminate over‐residual PbI2 and regulate the crystal quality of perovskite film. Notably, MAPyA can be partially decomposed into methylamine (MA) gas and pyridine‐2‐carboxylic (PyA) during high temperature annealing. The released MA can locally form liquid intermediate phase, facilitating the reconstruction of perovskite microcrystals and residual PbI2. Moreover, the leftover PyA is confirmed to effectively passivate the uncoordinated lead ions in final perovskite film. Based upon this, superior perovskite film with optimized crystal structure and holistic negligible PbI2 is acquired. The assembled device realizes outstanding efficiency of 24.06 %, and exhibits a remarkable operational stability that maintaining 87 % of its origin efficiency after continuous illumination for 1480 h. And the unencapsulated MAPyA‐treated devices present significant uplift in humidity stability (maintaining ~93 % of the initial efficiency over 1500 h, 50–60 % relative humidity). Furthermore, the further optimization of this strategy with nanoimprint technology proves its superiority in the amplificative preparation for perovskite films.
Public support for carbon tax in South Korea: The role of tax design and revenue recycling
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Kim Seung Yeob , Suh Junwoo
Published: February 2024

Carbon tax is widely regarded as an effective and efficient method to reduce carbon emissions. However, the introduction of carbon tax has faced resistance from the public and interest groups. In this article, we examine the determinants of public support for carbon taxation in South Korea. While the expected cost of the carbon tax on individual citizens appears to be the most important determinant of preferences towards carbon tax, we also find that the public support changes depending on the design of the revenue recycling system. The public is more likely to support a carbon tax scheme that is earmarked to support the energy‐poor population compared to one that uses tax revenues for general government expenditures. The use of carbon tax revenues to create green sector jobs appears to significantly increase the support for carbon tax compared to the use of revenue for the general environment budget. Our findings suggest that while opposition towards carbon tax exists, certain design features such as universal carbon dividends can alleviate some resistance from the public.
Effect of inner diameter, filter length, and pore size on hollow fiber filter fouling during perfusion cell culture
Authors: WuDunn Dominique , Squeri Andrea , Vu Jimmy , Dhingra Ashna , Coffman Jon , Lee Ken
Published: February 2024

As the need for higher volumetric productivity in biomanufacturing grows, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly investing in a perfusion cell culture process, most commonly one that uses a hollow fiber filter as the cell retention device. A current challenge with using hollow fiber filters is fouling of the membrane, which reduces product sieving and can increase transmembrane pressure (TMP) past process limitations. In this work, the impact of hollow fiber filter geometries on product sieving and hydraulic membrane resistance profiles is evaluated in a tangential flow filtration (TFF) perfusion system. The hollow fibers tested had lengths ranging from 19.8 to 41.5 cm, inner diameters (IDs) ranging from 1.0 to 2.6 mm, and pore sizes of 0.2 or 0.65 μm. The results showed that the shortest hollow fibers experienced higher product sieving while larger IDs contributed to both higher product sieving and lower hydraulic membrane resistances, illustrating the impact of filter geometry on process performance. The results also showed 0.2 μm pore size filters maintain higher product sieving, but also higher membrane resistances compared to 0.65 μm pore size filters. This study highlights the need for optimized hollow fiber filter geometries to maximize use of the membrane area, which in turn can reduce production costs and increase scalability of the perfusion process.
Feasible diet and circadian interventions reduce in vivo progression of FLT3‐ITD‐positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Rodriguez Megan , Fekry Baharan , Murphy Brianna , Figueroa Mary , Cheng Tiewei , Raber Margaret , Wartenberg Lisa , Bell Donna , Triche Lisa , Crawford Karla , Ma Huaxian , Allton Kendra , Ahmed Ruwaida , Tran Jaime , Ranieri Christine , Konopleva Marina , Barton Michelle , Nunez Cesar , Eckel‐Mahan Kristin , Chandra Joya
Published: February 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an internal tandem duplication in the fms‐like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 gene (FLT3‐ITD) is associated with poor survival, and few studies have examined the impact of modifiable behaviors, such as nutrient quality and timing, in this subset of acute leukemia.

Methods

The influence of diet composition (low‐sucrose and/or low‐fat diets) and timing of diet were tested in tandem with anthracycline treatment in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. A pilot clinical study to test receptivity of pediatric leukemia patients to macronutrient matched foods was conducted. A role for the circadian protein, BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1), in effects of diet timing was studied by overexpression in FLT3‐ITD‐bearing AML cells.

Results

Reduced tumor burden in FLT3‐ITD AML‐bearing mice was observed with interventions utilizing low‐sucrose and/or low‐fat diets, or time‐restricted feeding (TRF) compared to mice fed normal chow ad libitum. In a tasting study, macronutrient matched low‐sucrose and low‐fat meals were offered to pediatric acute leukemia patients who largely reported liking the meals. Expression of the circadian protein, BMAL1, was heightened with TRF and the low‐sucrose diet. BMAL1 overexpression and treatment with a pharmacological inducer of BMAL1 was cytotoxic to FLT3‐ITD AML cells.

Conclusions

Mouse models for FLT3‐ITD AML show that diet composition and timing slows progression of FLT3‐ITD AML growth in vivo, potentially mediated by BMAL1. These interventions to enhance therapy efficacy show preliminary feasibility, as pediatric leukemia patients responded favorable to preparation of macronutrient matched meals.
Genetic variants in primary cilia‐related genes associated with the prognosis of first‐line chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Qiu Lei , Chen Silu , Ben Shuai , Cui Jinxin , Lu Shan , Qu Rong , Lv Jinghuan , Shao Wei , Yu Qiang
Published: February 2024

Background

Primary cilia are antenna‐like organelles that conduct physical and chemical signals, which affect cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Some researchers have reported the correlation between primary cilia‐related genes and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of primary cilia‐related genes and outcome after the first‐line chemotherapy was explored by the Cox regression model. Expression qualitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was performed to explore the impact of SNPs on gene expression. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and TISIDB databases were used for investigating the relevance betweenODF2Land tumor infiltration immune cells and immunomodulators.

Results

We identified that rs4288473 C allele ofODF2Lhad poor progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of CRC patients in the additive model (adjusted HRPFS = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14–1.70,p = 1.36 × 10−3, and adjusted HROS = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03–1.65,p = 2.62 × 10−2). The stratified analysis indicated that rs4288573 CC/CT genotype was involved with poor prognosis in the irinotecan‐treated subgroup (PPFS = 1.03 × 10−2,POS = 3.29 × 10−3). Besides,ODF2LmRNA expression level was notably up‐regrated in CRC tissues. The C allele of rs4288573 was notably related to higherODF2LmRNA expression levels based on eQTL analysis. Functionally, knockdown ofODF2Linhibited cell proliferation and decrease the chemoresistance of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells to irinotecan.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that rs4288573 inODF2Lis a potential predictor of the chemotherapy prognosis of CRC.
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome occurring after COVID19 infection and administration of Casirivimab + Imdevimab (COVID19 monoclonal antibody)
Authors: Swartz Andrew W. , Novelli Enrico M.
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (WAHA) is the most common form of autoimmune hemolysis and there is a growing body of evidence of an association between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, WAHA and a hyperinflammatory state, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. However, there is no literature to date of WAHA or hyperinflammatory state following administration of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibody treatment. This report documents a case of a patient with history of WAHA who developed brisk hemolysis and a hyperinflammatory state consistent with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome after COVID‐19 infection and treatment with an anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibody. He was successfully treated with multimodal treatment involving steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, rituximab, anakinra, and vincristine with resolution of the hemolysis.
Trifoliate gallbladder: A rare congenital anomaly masquerading as acute cholecystitis
Authors: Hussain Akbar , Inban Pugazhendi , Akuma Chinaza Mercy , Raj Rohan , Akuma Ogbonnaya , Nwoke Nnamdi Lionel , Kelechi Anasonye Emmanuel
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Triple gallbladder, an extremely rare congenital anomaly, can mimic more common biliary conditions. Accurate diagnosis through imaging and a multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely surgical management, preventing complications, and ensuring better patient outcomes.

The multiplication of the gallbladder is a congenital malformation with a rare incidence of 1 in 4000 patients, among which the trifoliate gallbladder, even rarer, is included. Gallbladder anomalies are typically discovered incidentally while investigating conditions like gallstones, sedimentation, gallbladder inflammation, or malignancy. The clinical presentation of trifoliate gallbladder disease varies, and it may require a variety of imaging modalities to obtain a preoperative diagnosis. Recommended therapeutics for this anomaly are open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, depending on the patient's condition. Early diagnosis of gallbladder multiplications is vital to improve prognosis and mitigate the risk of complications like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, metaplasia, and adenocarcinoma. In our case, we present a 30‐year‐old male with the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with triple gallbladder. A confirmatory diagnosis was made with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). The patient responded well to the therapy given and was discharged for follow‐up.
An unusual case of pleomorphic adenoma of the nasolacrimal duct
Authors: Zhang Katherynn , Mendez Adrian Ivar
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical Message

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common epithelial tumor but is unusual to involve the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac. Current reported cases are sparse but may be helpful for delineating patterns of malignant transformation in the future.

This is a report of a 66‐year‐old patient with a pleomorphic adenoma involving the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, which is an unusual location for these tumors. To our knowledge, there are scarce publications in the current literature of similar cases.
Investigating the Catalytic Efficiency of Supported NHC‐Ag(I) Complexes in the Borono‐Minisci Reaction
Authors: Moroni Giada , Bombonato Elena , Bonafè Samuele , Di Michele Alessandro , Presenti Sara , Guariento Sara , Marcaccio Massimo , Sardella Roccaldo , Ronchi Paolo , Gioiello Antimo
Published: February 2024

A series of supported N‐heterocyclic carbene silver complexes (NHC‐Ag(I)) were prepared and characterized as catalysts for the borono‐Minisci reaction. After characterization, the synthesized catalysts were evaluated in batch mode to determine the reaction performance and kinetics. Interestingly, cyclic voltammetric analysis showed that the structure of both the complex and the ligand significantly influences the Ag(I)/Ag(II) redox potential and, in turn, the catalytic efficiency. Among the tested catalysts, the Si‐supported NHC‐Ag(I) 6 afforded the desired products in good to excellent yields in only 15 min, providing a complementary tactic to standard homogeneous approaches.
Highly Efficient Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Based on λ5‐Phosphinine Derivatives
Authors: Sugiyama Ryo , Okada Riku , Noda Taito , Meguro Naoki , Yoshida Naoto , Hoshi Keigo , Ohta Hidetoshi , Hayashi Minoru , Sasabe Hisahiro , Kido Junji
Published: February 2024

Although λ5‐phosphinine derivatives are known as a promising class of blue fluorescent emitters, those photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) values have been reached up to 92 %, however, only a few examples have been explored as an emitter for blue organic light‐emitting device (OLED), and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) has been below 2.4 % so far. In this study, we newly developed two types of blue λ5‐phosphinine derivatives namely CN‐COCF3 and CO2Me‐CHO, and investigated the photophysical properties in the solid states. The photophysical analyses in solid state films suggested that the strong electron‐accepting nature of these λ5‐phosphinine derivatives caused the inferior PLQY values, and the exciplex formation with the host and neighboring materials should be avoided to improve the device efficiency. By choosing suitable host and neighboring materials with deep ionization potentials, we successfully realized efficient blue fluorescent OLEDs with EQE of over 4 % and CIE (0.14, 0.18). This is among the best in λ5‐phosphinine‐based blue OLEDs so far.
Rapid on‐site evaluation of touch imprint cytology in navigation bronchoscopy for small peripheral pulmonary nodules
Authors: Kops Stephan E. P. , van der Burgt Lizanne J. W. , Vos Shoko , van Zuijlen‐Manders Lia J. M. , Verhoeven Roel L. J. , van der Heijden Erik H. F. M.
Published: February 2024

Background

Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) of cytopathology plays an important role in determining whether representative samples have been taken during navigation bronchoscopy. With touch imprint cytology (TIC), histologic samples can be assessed using ROSE. Although advised by guidelines, there have been almost no studies on the performance of TIC during navigation bronchoscopy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of TIC‐ROSE (forceps/cryobiopsy) in combination with conventional ROSE (cytology needle/brush).

Methods

In this single‐center, prospective cohort study, patients who had pulmonary nodules with an indication for navigation bronchoscopy were consecutively included. The primary outcome of the study was the concordance of ROSE and the procedural outcome. The concordance rates of TIC‐ROSE and the combination of TIC‐ROSE plus conventional ROSE were compared.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients with 66 nodules were included. Conventional ROSE and TIC‐ROSE were assessable in 61 nodules (90.9%) each. By combining both ROSE techniques, all sampled lesions were assessable. Combining conventional ROSE with TIC‐ROSE showed concordant results in 51 of 66 cases (77.3%) versus 44 of 66 (66.7%) and 48 of 66 (72.8%) concordant results for conventional ROSE and TIC‐ROSE alone, respectively, compared with the procedural outcome. There was no indication of tissue depletion as a result of TIC. The combined ROSE approach had a statistically significant higher concordance rate compared with conventional ROSE alone.

Conclusions

TIC‐ROSE is a cheap, easily implementable technique that can result in higher concordant ROSE outcomes. This could lead to more efficient procedures and possibly higher diagnostic results. In a monomodality sampling setting with only histologic samples, TIC can provide ROSE.
Distribution of gamma‐aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity in the brain of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri): Comparison with other fishes
Authors: Anadón Ramón , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel , Adrio Fátima
Published: February 2024

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Immunohistochemical techniques with specific antibodies against GABA or against its synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) allowed characterizing GABAergic neurons and fibers in the CNS. However, studies on the CNS distribution of GABAergic neurons and fibers of bony fishes are scant and were done in teleost species. With the aim of understanding the early evolution of this system in bony vertebrates, we analyzed the distribution of GABA‐immunoreactive (‐ir) and GAD‐ir neurons and fibers in the CNS of a basal ray‐finned fish, the Siberian sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes), using immunohistochemical techniques. Our results revealed the presence and distribution of GABA/GAD‐ir cells in different regions of the CNS such as olfactory bulbs, pallium and subpallium, hypothalamus, thalamus, pretectum, optic tectum, tegmentum, cerebellum, central grey, octavolateralis area, vagal lobe, rhombencephalic reticular areas, and the spinal cord. Abundant GABAergic innervation was observed in most brain regions, and GABAergic fibers were very abundant in the hypothalamic floor along the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal tract and neurohypophysis. In addition, GABA‐ir cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells were observed in the alar and basal hypothalamus, saccus vasculosus, and spinal cord central canal. The distribution of GABAergic systems in the sturgeon brain shows numerous similarities to that observed in lampreys, but also to those of teleosts and tetrapods.
Amphiphilic Chlorin‐β‐cyclodextrin Conjugates in Photo‐Triggered Drug Delivery: The Role of Aggregation
Authors: Panagiotakis Stylianos , Mavroidi Barbara , Athanasopoulos Alexandros , Charalambidis Georgios , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Pelecanou Maria , Yannakopoulou Konstantina
Published: February 2024

Conjugates of chlorins with β‐cyclodextrin connected either directly or via a flexible linker were prepared. In aqueous medium these amphiphilic conjugates were photostable, produced singlet oxygen at a rate similar to clinically used temoporfin and formed irregular nanoparticles via aggregation. Successful loading with the chemotherapeutic drug tamoxifen was evidenced in solution by the UV‐Vis spectral changes and dynamic light scattering profiles. Incubation of MCF‐7 cells with the conjugates revealed intense spotted intracellular fluorescence suggestive of accumulation in endosome/lysosome compartments, and no dark toxicity. Incubation with the tamoxifen‐loaded conjugates revealed also practically no dark toxicity. Irradiation of cells incubated with empty conjugates at 640 nm and 4.18 J/cm2 light fluence caused >50 % cell viability reduction. Irradiation following incubation with tamoxifen‐loaded conjugates resulted in even higher toxicity (74 %) indicating that the produced reactive oxygen species had triggered tamoxifen release in a photochemical internalization (PCI) mechanism. The chlorin‐β‐cyclodextrin conjugates displayed less‐lasting effects with time, compared to the corresponding porphyrin‐β‐cyclodextrin conjugates, possibly due to lower tamoxifen loading of their aggregates and/or their less effective lodging in the cell compartments’ membranes. The results suggest that further to favorable photophysical properties, other parameters are important for the in vitro effectiveness of the photodynamic systems.
Photoinduced [2+2] and [4+4] Cycloaddition and Cycloreversion Reactions for the Development of Photocontrollable DNA Binders
Authors: Dohmen Christoph , Ihmels Heiko
Published: February 2024

In the current field of photopharmacology, molecular photoswitches are applied whose interactions with DNA can be triggered or controlled by light. And although several photochromic reactions have been shown to serve this purpose well, the reversible photocycloaddition and photocycloreversion reactions have been largely neglected. This absence of research is surprising because especially the photodimerization of a DNA ligand leads to products with significant change of the size and shape which, in turn, leads to strongly diminished or even suppressed DNA association. Therefore, photocycloaddition–cycloreversion sequences have a huge potential for the photoinduced, reversible deactivation and activation of ligand–DNA interactions, as will be shown with selected examples in this Concept Article. Specifically, heterostyryl and ‐stilbene derivatives are presented whose DNA–binding properties are efficiently switched in reversible [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions. In addition, the photocontrolled DNA–binding of anthracene derivatives and their heterocyclic benzo[b]quinolizinium analogues in a [4+4] photocycloaddition, as well as the use of this reaction as part of dual–mode switches in combination with redox‐active functionalities, are highlighted. Furthermore, examples of conjugates are provided, in which the photochromic unit is bound covalently to nucleic acids or proteins, such that the photocycloaddition reaction can be used for reversible photoinduced crosslinking, ligation, or inhibition of gene expression.
Attendant, autonomous, audacious, and advisory boards: Catalyzing corporate environmental performance
Authors: del Villegas‐Periñán María del Mar , Barroso‐Castro Carmen , Villalba‐Ríos Paula , Vecino‐Gravel Julio Darío
Published: February 2024

Boards of directors play important roles when responding to one of the biggest challenges for companies today: environmental sustainability. Research has mainly been focused on the separate impacts of board structure, composition, and processes on corporate environmental performance. Understanding how these three dimensions of the board, which help to successfully fulfill the board roles, interact in complementary or substitutive ways is crucial for improving companies' environmental performance. Using a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis on a sample of 86 European‐listed companies in greenhouse gas (GHG)‐intensive sectors, our study shows that board dimensions and the attributes that shape them have complementary or substitutable effects on corporate environmental performance. Specifically, we identified four board archetypes that arise from different configurations promoting environmental performance. Finally, we considered CEO‐Board interaction, showing that both longer and shorter CEO tenures together with certain combinations of board attributes could be linked to higher environmental performance.
Enhancing HLA‐B27 antigen detection: Leveraging machine learning algorithms for flow cytometric analysis
Authors: Baráth Sándor , Singh Parvind , Hevessy Zsuzsanna , Ujfalusi Anikó , Mezei Zoltán , Balogh Mária , Száraz Széles Marianna , Kappelmayer János
Published: February 2024

As the association of human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA‐B27) with spondylarthropathies is widely known, HLA‐B27 antigen expression is frequently identified using flow cytometric or other techniques. Because of the possibility of cross‐reaction with off target antigens, such as HLA‐B7, each flow cytometric technique applies a “gray zone” reserved for equivocal findings. Our aim was to use machine learning (ML) methods to classify such equivocal data as positive or negative. Equivocal samples (n = 99) were selected from samples submitted to our institution for clinical evaluation by HLA‐B27 antigen testing. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. Features of histograms generated by flow cytometry were used to train and validate ML methods for classification as logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and light gradient boost method (GBM). All evaluated ML algorithms performed well, with high accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, as well as negative and positive predictive values. Although, gradient boost approaches are proposed as high performance methods; nevertheless, their effectiveness may be lower for smaller sample sizes. On our relatively smaller sample set, the random forest algorithm performed best (AUC: 0.92), but there was no statistically significant difference between the ML algorithms used. AUC values for light GBM, DT, and LR were 0.88, 0.89, 0.89, respectively. Implementing these algorithms into the process of HLA‐B27 testing can reduce the number of uncertain, false negative or false positive cases, especially in laboratories where no genetic testing is available.
Changes in affect longitudinally mediate associations between emotion regulation strategy use and disordered eating
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael C. , Keel Pamela K. , Katzman Debra K. , Klump Kelly L.
Published: February 2024

Background

Trait‐level emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are associated with eating disorders (EDs) transdiagnostically. However, little research has examined whether within‐person fluctuations in ER longitudinally predict ED behaviors in daily life or the mechanisms of ER effects. Investigating daily ER could help us better understand why people experience ED behaviors at a given time. We examined whether day‐to‐day changes in adaptive (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) and maladaptive (e.g., rumination) ER longitudinally predicted core ED behaviors (binge eating, purging, dieting) and whether changes in affect mediated effects.

Method

Female participants (N = 688) ages 15–30 from the Michigan State University Twin Registry reported their adaptive and maladaptive ER use, negative affect (NA), positive affect (PA), binge eating, purging, and dieting on 49 consecutive days. Using structural equation modeling, we examined whether within‐person fluctuations in ER predicted same‐ and next‐day ED behaviors and whether changes in affect mediated longitudinal ER effects.

Results

Greater maladaptive ER predicted increased likelihood of same‐day binge eating and next‐day binge eating and purging. The association between maladaptive ER and next‐day binge eating and purging was mediated by increased next‐day NA. In contrast, dieting was more closely related to changes in PA. Adaptive ER did not predict reduced likelihood of any ED behavior.

Conclusions

Maladaptive ER may longitudinally increase risk for binge eating and purging by amplifying NA. Interventions focused on decreasing maladaptive ER and subsequent NA might help disrupt binge eating‐purging cycles. Conversely, results add to evidence that PA fluctuations may play a unique role in maintaining restrictive behaviors.

Public Significance

Little is known about how daily changes in emotion regulation may impact disordered eating. We found that maladaptive emotion regulation (e.g., rumination) was associated with a higher likelihood of binge eating and purging on the next day because it predicted increased next‐day negative affect. In contrast, dieting was more closely tied to fluctuations in positive affect. Targeting daily emotion regulation and affective processes may help disrupt cycles of disordered eating.
Serum metabonomic study to explore the amelioration mechanisms of co‐fermented collagen peptide‐jackfruit juice on the immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Ma Tingting , Cheng Ming , Wen Xin , Zhu Kexue , Zhang Xin , Zhao Chao , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Lin Xiangdong , Li Yongcheng , Zhu Lulu , Cao Jun , Li Chuan
Published: February 2024

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect and serum metabolomic analysis of co‐fermented collagen peptide‐jackfruit juice (FPJ) against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide‐induced mice. Serum samples were analyzed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) targeted metabolomics technology, including the normal group, model group, and FPJ group, and determine if such treatments were able to revert immunosuppression‐related metabolic changes to normal status. The results showed that 32 differential metabolites were upregulated and 42 metabolites were downregulated in the model group compared with the normal group. After FPJ intervention, there was a trend of normal callback. Adenosine, inosine, guanosine, 2‐deoxyadenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 
d‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate, ribulose‐5‐phosphate, phenylpyruvic acid, hippuric acid, 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionic acid, 3‐ureidopropionate, uridine, dCDP and malonic acid may be used as predictive markers of immunosuppression. Notably, these biomarkers were involved in purine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. In this study, FPJ inhibited oxidative stress and improved the gut microbes by regulating the disorders of metabolic pathways. The metabolomics approach developed herein provides novel insight into the metabolic disturbances associated with immunosuppression, which will contribute to understanding the mechanism of FPJ on immunosuppression further and providing a basis for further research.