bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Splanchnic-Brain Signaling in Inhibition of Ingestive Behavior by Middle Molecules
Authors: MAMOUN ABDEL-HAFIZ , SÖDERSTEN PER , ANDERSTAM BJÖRN , BERGSTRÖM JONAS
Published: May 2021

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting are common symptoms of uremic intoxication. Fractions in the middle molecule weight range, isolated from normal urine and uremic plasma ultrafiltrate, inhibit ingestive behavior in the rat. To investigate their site of action and specificity, male rats were injected intraperitoneally, intravenously, or intracerebroventricularly with concentrated fractions of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate or normal urine (molecular weight range: 1.0 to 5.0 kD) and tested for ingestive and sexual behavior. An intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of urine fraction (10:1) or 2.0 ml of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate fraction (25:1) inhibited carbohydrate intake by 76.3 and 45.9%, respectively, but an intravenous injection had no effect. However, intravenous injection of higher doses inhibited carbohydrate ingestion. An intracerebroventricular injection of 5 or 10 μl of urine (20:1) middle molecule fraction inhibited carbohydrate intake by 13.4 and 41.6%, respectively. An injection of 5 or 10 μl of uremic plasma ultrafiltrate (125:1) middle molecule fraction inhibited carbohydrate intake by 22.6 and 49.5%, respectively. Injections of the corresponding fraction from normal plasma ultrafiltrate had no effect. Injection of urine or uremic plasma ultrafiltrate middle molecule fractions did not affect the display of sexual behavior. These results suggest that middle molecule fractions from uremic plasma ultrafiltrate or normal urine act in the splanchnic region and/or brain to inhibit food intake and that the effect is specific for ingestive behavior.
Acute Renal Impairment after Immersion and Near-Drowning
Authors: SPICER S. TIMOTHY , QUINN DAVID , NYI NYI NYEIN N. , NANKIVELL BRIAN J. , HAYES JAMES M. , SAVDIE ELLIOTT
Published: May 2021

Acute renal impairment (ARI) secondary to immersion and near-drowning is rarely described and poorly understood. A retrospective case-control study was performed: (1) to determine the incidence of ARI associated with near-drowning or immersion and (2) to define the clinical syndrome and to assess clinical predictors of ARI. Of 30 patients presenting after immersion or near-drowning, 50% were identified with ARI, with a mean admission serum creatinine of 0.24 ± 0.33 mmol/L (2.7 ± 3.7 mg/dl). These patients were a heterogeneous group: Eight had mild reversible ARI, three had ARI related to shock and multisystem failure, two had rhabdomyolysis-related ARI, and two had severe isolated ARI. Two patients required supportive hemodialysis and two died. Patients with ARI experienced more marked acidosis than control patients, as measured by serum bicarbonate (P < 0.001), pH (P < 0.001), and base excess (P < 0.001). There was also a higher admission lymphocyte count in the ARI group (P = 0.056). Dipstick hematuria on admission was significantly more common in patients with ARI (P = 0.016), and patients with 2 to 3+ of admission dipstick proteinuria had a higher peak serum creatinine than patients with less proteinuria (P < 0.05). Admission predictors of ARI by univariate logistic regression analysis included reduced serum bicarbonate (P = 0.002), pH (P = 0.001), and base excess (P < 0.001). The best predictor of ARI on multivariate analysis was a negative base excess (P = 0.01). In summary, acute renal impairment commonly occurs after immersion and near-drowning and is a heterogeneous condition. Although mild reversible renal impairment (serum creatinine < 0.30 mmol/L) (3.4 mg/dl) is usual, severe acute renal failure requiring dialysis can occur. It is recommended that any patient who presents after near-drowning or immersion should be assessed for potential ARI by serial estimations of serum creatinine, particularly when there is an increase in the initial serum creatinine, marked metabolic acidosis, an abnormal urinalysis, or a significant lymphocytosis.
Evidence of a Role for Ki-RAS in the Stimulated Proliferation of Renal Fibroblasts
Authors: SHARPE CLAIRE C. , DOCKRELL MARK E. C. , SCOTT RIZALDY , NOOR MAZHAR I. , COWSERT LEX M. , MONIA BRETT P. , HENDRY BRUCE M.
Published: May 2021

Progressive renal fibrosis is driven by a range of cytokines that act via membrane receptors and intracellular signaling cascades to evoke gene transcription events and related responses. The Ras family of GTPases has been implicated in many of these signaling cascades in model systems such as 3T3 fibroblasts. However, the role of the specific Ras isoforms Ki, Ha, and N in the stimulation of renal fibroblasts has not been defined. In this study, Ras has been inhibited in primate renal fibroblasts (vero cells) using specific phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) targeting the three isoforms. Lipofectin transfection with 200 to 400 nM Ki-Ras oligo inhibited the epidermal growth factor- and fibroblast growth factor-stimulated proliferation of vero cells by 25 to 35% with a lesser effect on serum-stimulated growth. Oligos against Ha-Ras and N-Ras were inactive with respect to control oligo. Total cellular Ras protein (estimated by Western blotting) was reduced by 60 to 90% 24 h after transfection with Ki-Ras oligo. N-Ras, Ha-Ras, and control oligos were inactive. Total Ras synthesis over 4 h measured using [35S]-cys/met pulse chase was reduced by approximately 70% by Ki-Ras oligo and not altered by other oligos. The fractional prenylation of Ras was quantified from the discrete bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was increased by the Ki-Ras oligo alone. These data demonstrate that these renal fibroblasts predominantly express the Ki isoform of Ras and that this GTPase plays a role in the stimulated proliferation of these cells. Ras GTPases may be a target for the inhibition of processes leading to renal fibrosis.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of α-Lipoic Acid on Early Glomerular Injury in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: MELHEM MONA F. , CRAVEN PATRICIA A. , DERUBERTIS FREDERICK R.
Published: May 2021

Antioxidants, in particular vitamin E (VE), have been reported to protect against diabetic renal injury. α-Lipoic acid (LA) has been found to attenuate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but its effects on nephropathy have not been examined. In the present study, parameters of glomerular injury were examined in streptozotocin diabetic rats after 2 mo on unsupplemented diets and in diabetic rats that received the lowest daily dose of dietary LA (30 mg/kg body wt), VE (100 IU/kg body wt), or vitamin C (VC; 1 g/kg body wt), which detectably increased the renal cortical content of each antioxidant. Blood glucose values did not differ among the diabetic groups. At 2 mo, inulin clearance, urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, glomerular volume, and glomerular content of immunoreactive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagen α1 (IV) all were significantly increased in unsupplemented D compared with age-matched nondiabetic controls. With the exception of inulin clearance, LA prevented or significantly attenuated the increase in all of these glomerular parameters in D, as well as the increases in renal tubular cell TGF-β seen in D. At the dose used, VE reduced inulin clearance in D to control levels but failed to alter any of the other indices of glomerular injury or to suppress renal tubular cell TGF-β in D. VC suppressed urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, and glomerular volume but not glomerular or tubular TGF-β or glomerular collagen α1 (IV) content. LA but not VE or VC significantly increased renal cortical glutathione content in D. These data indicate that LA is effective in the prevention of early diabetic glomerular injury and suggest that this agent may have advantages over high doses of either VE or VC.
Expression of a Soluble Complement Inhibitor Protects Transgenic Mice from Antibody-Induced Acute Renal Failure
Authors: SCHILLER BRIGITTE , CUNNINGHAM PATRICK N. , ALEXANDER JESSY J. , BAO LIHUA , HOLERS V. MICHAEL , QUIGG RICHARD J.
Published: May 2021

Crry is a potent complement regulator in rodents that inhibits C3 convertases. In rats, intrarenal arterial injection of anti-glomerular endothelial cell (GEN) antibodies leads to complement-dependent microvascular injury and acute renal failure. In this study, a mouse variant of this model and the effects of complement inhibition were examined. Transgenic mice that overexpressed soluble Crry systemically and in their kidneys were studied. Anti-GEN IgG was injected intravenously into eight Crry transgenic mice and seven transgene-negative littermates (which were used as control animals). Thirty h after injection, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were 30.3 ± 4.4 and 114.8 ± 23.5 mg/dl for transgene-positive and -negative animals, respectively (P = 0.012). Four of five transgene-negative animals with BUN levels of >100 mg/dl were anuric; the remaining animal exhibited minimal albuminuria and no detectable urinary C3. In animals with renal failure, glomerular capillary collapse and tubular necrosis were observed. There was significant tubular staining for C3 in transgene-negative animals, with cellular and basal distributions, both of which were statistically greater than those in transgene-positive animals. Tubular cell C3 staining was strongly correlated with BUN values (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), as was C9 staining (r = 0.56, P = 0.037), suggesting that complement activation to the C5b-9 membrane attack complex had a casual role in renal failure. Thus, systemic injection of anti-GEN antibodies into mice leads to acute renal failure, with glomerular and tubular injury. Animals that overexpress soluble Crry in renal tubules and elsewhere are protected from the acute renal failure that occurs in this model, which ultimately seems to develop because of complement activation focused on tubules.
Ciencia política en Ecuador, 2005-2019. Una disciplina en búsqueda de institucionalización
Authors: Zamora-Aviles Edgar Alberto , Jervis-Pastor María Paz
Published: May 2021

En este artículo analizamos el desarrollo de la ciencia política en tanto disciplina académica en Ecuador entre 2005 y 2019, en función de tres ejes relacionados con su institucionalización: evolución de la formación universitaria de grado y posgrado, de las publicaciones científicas “desde Ecuador” en revistas indexadas “de alto impacto” (SCOPUS, ISI-WoS), y la dinámica de la comunidad académica. Obtuvimos la información primaria mediante revisión documental de fuentes oficiales de educación superior; además realizamos un análisis bibliométrico de publicaciones científicas en los mencionados índices y entrevistas a miembros de la comunidad académica del área. Entre los resultados, podemos afirmar que después de 15 años la ciencia política en Ecuador se encuentra en un proceso inicial de institucionalización, fundamentalmente porque ha crecido la oferta académica universitaria de grado y posgrado y se ha fortalecido su pertinencia y coherencia. Sin embargo, en cuanto a la consolidación disciplinar, en el país persiste una concepción general de “estudios políticos” antes que la denominada “ciencia política en sentido estricto”; esto se relaciona también con la concepción ambigua sobre el lugar social y profesional de politólogos y politólogas en la sociedad ecuatoriana. Para el debate quedan múltiples discusiones respecto a las dimensiones analizadas sobre institucionalización, así como una evaluación reflexiva de esta categoría analítica y de “lo político” de la ciencia política en Ecuador.
¿Shall we kill again? Violencia e intimidad entre los “nuevos líderes” awajún de la frontera peruana nororiental
Authors: Romio Silvia
Published: May 2021

En las sociedades que viven en los márgenes del Estado, las relaciones y el uso del poder, así como las dinámicas de competencia, suelen ser elementos afines entre los grupos desiguales por el poder económico, la autoridad moral y el prestigio personal. A partir de este presupuesto, en este artículo se desarrolla un análisis etnohistórico que arroja luces sobre los procesos de cambio de los awajún del Alto Marañón (Perú), entre los años 1950 y 1970. Se describe la transformación sociocultural que tuvo que experimentar este grupo indígena para devenir en miembro de la sociedad nacional. A través de las herramientas de la etnohistoria y de la antropología de la afectividad, y con una particular atención sobre el tema de la construcción del “cuerpo heroico”, en este texto se enfocan los cambios que ocurrieron dentro de la sociedad awajún en su relación con el uso de la fuerza, el manejo simbólico de la violencia y la incorporación de nuevas expresiones de liderazgo indígena. Todo ello en estrecho contacto con las primeras experiencias de autoridad estatal en la zona: los misioneros evangélicos y el ejército. Este proceso llevó a los awajún a la afirmación de inéditas figuras de “liderazgo indígena”, fruto de la asimilación, confluencia y reelaboración de elementos aprendidos durante el contacto con religiosos y militares.
Collective Bargaining Misjudged: The Marikana Massacre
Authors: Saul Porsche Makama  , Lux Lesley Kwena Kubjana
Published: May 2021

The tradition of violence during collective bargaining processes in South Africa (particularly during a strike) can be traced back to the colonial period, where the struggle for better employment terms and conditions was conflated with the struggle for freedom from political oppression, apartheid and the colonial regime. An example in this regard is the Sharpeville uprising. In this case, the State’s reaction to the uprising was to call upon the armed forces to quell the situation, and in the process, lives and limbs were lost; nobody was held accountable for this. This was surely a bad legacy to leave for modern times! However, fifty-two years later, South Africa experienced a déja vu moment in the form of the Marikana massacre, which was also chillingly reminiscent of the massacre by apartheid police at Sharpeville in 1960. The writing of this article is informed by the need to avoid another Marikana massacre. The authors bemoan the manner in which this tragic event was handled and argue that, with the right attitude and the right application of resources, the massacre could have been avoided. The authors also lament the approach employed in dealing with the aftermath of the Marikana massacre and conclude that the status quo gives credence to the saying that “an apple does not fall far from the tree”. The prosecution of the perpetrators is delayed, no compensation is given to bereft families, and it remains to be seen who was at fault, even after a “good-for-nothing” yet costly Commission of Inquiry has completed its task.
Drafting a Code of Conduct for Research under the Protection of Personal Information Act No. 4 of 2013 (with corrigendum)
Authors: Adams Rachel , Veldsman Susan , Ramsay Michèle , Soodyall Himla
Published: May 2021

This Commentary sets out why a Code of Conduct for Research is being developed under the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), its purpose and scope, and why ASSAf is the body that is coordinating its development.

The full scope of the Code of Conduct for Research is set out in the accompanying Discussion Document available at https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2021/10933
High-Molecular-Weight gDNA extraction protocol from moss gametophytes v1
Authors: Zhu Lei
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this protocol is to extract high-molecular-weight genomic DNA from gametophyte tissue of the moss Physcomitrella patens, which contains lots of phenolic compounds. This protocol was modified from a CTAB method for DNA isolation from moss protonemal tissue (Ano et al., 2012). gDNA isolated using this modified CTAB protocol was pure, comparable to gDNA quality extracted from commercial extraction kits. Besides, the yield (69 μg/g FW) was relatively high. The high-quality gDNA is useful for PCR and Southern blotting for the detection of genome editing.
A Wild Animal Inside My House: An Analysis of the Children’s Picturebook Svenn the Otter and the Magic Rock by Espen Villseth and Anita Sletten
Authors: Tórrez Nahúm M. , Gómez Marjorie N.
Published: May 2021

Svenn, a wild otter, has become an Instagram celebrity with over 140,000 followers around the world. Svenn has his own YouTube channel and Facebook page. Moreover, in December 2020, NRK, an influential Norwegian TV channel, released a series entitled “Oteren Svenn” (Svenn, the Otter), consisting of ten episodes. In addition to all of this, Svenn has his own picturebook for children, which is entitled Svenn the Otter and the Magic Rock (Villseth & Sletten, 2020). This article presents the picturebook and analyzes three of its significant spreads. The aim is to uncover aspects of the sociocultural context in which Svenn – along with other characters – is portrayed by images and verbal language in the book, and to provide a short discussion of how the book may be used in English Language Teaching (ELT). Our analysis builds on tools from multimodal text analysis (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2005; van Leeuwen, 2005) and Narrative Intelligence (Mateas & Senger, 2003). The analysis focuses on the significance of the picturebook to represent participants in actions, the relationship between the book’s participants and the reader, and the value of presenting images and verbal text together. Our analysis also touches on some implications for ELT, on the potential that visual literacy can have in language teaching.
Current Perspectives on the Influence of Setting and Audience on Language Choices in Multilingual Cameroon
Authors: Ngwa Colvis Niba
Published: May 2021

Cameroon is a dense multilingual setting in which many languages co-exist. Most of these languages are learned and are readily available for use by Cameroonians. This study probed into the complex notion of language use in a bid to ascertain in what ways context and audience influence language choice in a dense multilingual context like Cameroon. The analysis of data obtained from 100 informants in the city of Yaounde revealed that setting and audience significantly influence the language choice of a speaker and that the choice of a language reveals certain aspects of a speaker’s character, attitudes and perception of the world around them.
Exploring the Necessity for Students to Exercise Digital Minimalism While Studying Online: Case of 35 Master Students at the Department of English of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University, Algeria
Authors: Sarnou Dallel
Published: May 2021

This study aimed at exploring the philosophy of digital minimalism, and put forward its importance for an effective online learning in higher education during the lockdown. The long quarantine that the COVID 19 pandemic imposed on most countries of the world has brought radical changes in the way schools, colleges and universities operate. In Algerian higher education, creating online platforms for students was the only solution to move on. However, ignoring that most Algerian students often go online for self-entertainment may lead to a failure or an incomplete success of online teaching during this critical period. To investigate this issue, a questionnaire with only open-ended questions was designed and distributed to 35 students of Language and Communication master, at the English department of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis University. The 35 participants were the researcher’s students in the classes of e-learning. Results showed that most participants were distracted by social media notifications. Also, it turned out that the 35 students had no idea of what digital minimalism or digital maximalism is. As a matter of fact, it is suggested that before launching online lectures and webinars for our students, it is of paramount importance to guide them during their online

existence and to show them how to be digital minimalists.
Attitudes and Challenges Towards Virtual Classes in Learning English Language Courses From Students' Perspectives at Taibah University During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ta'amneh Mohammad Abd Alhafeez Ali
Published: May 2021

Educational institutions all over the world have shifted from conventional education to distance (online) learning system as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of online learning during the present pandemic can help the professors, educators, and educational experts in taking and adopting new appropriate decisions that match the students' needs in such difficult conditions. This study aimed at investigating the first year students’ attitudes towards virtual classes in learning English courses. It also aimed to identify the obstacles that encounter them while using this kind of learning. The sample of the study consisted of 336 students at Taibah University during the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. A well-designed online questionnaire was used to collect data. Results revealed that students’ attitudes towards the use of the online learning were positive. Students considered this kind of learning as the best strategy during COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that the students faced some pedagogical, technical and personnel obstacles while attending virtual classes.
The Linearity of Verb Copying Cleft Construction in Chinese: Semantic Underspecification and Pragmatic Enrichment
Authors: Li Moying , Zhang Lian
Published: May 2021

In Standard Chinese, verb doubling cleft construction (henceforth VDCC) has received little attention in the linguistic literature. Recently, Cheng and Vicente (2013) claim that VDCC has the same internal syntax as regular clefts, and two verbs stand in A-bar movement relation based on the lexical identity effect. In this paper, we argue that (1) VDCC is derived in line with the principle of linearity; (2) the first verb is a reduced minimal form acting as a topic which is pragmatically enriched via contextual information; (3) the second verb is interpretively dependent on the first verb.
The Effect of Initial Visual Analog Scale Score on Results in Cervical Laser Discectomy
Authors: SEÇİNTİ Kutsal Devrim
Published: May 2021

Objective
There is disagreement as to whether percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) is effective. This may be attributed to incorrect patient selection because of the need of additional criteria. This study is investigating whether initial visual analog scale (VAS) score has an effect on outcomes of cervical PLDD and whether it could be a patient selection criterion.
Material and Methods:
Cervical PLDD patients were divided into 3 groups according to initial VAS scores as Group-I (VAS:3-5), Group-IIa (VAS:6-7) and Group-IIb (VAS:8-9). Datas analyzed retrospectively and compared with the VAS scores during 12-month follow-up. Relationship between initial VAS scores and success of procedure was investigated. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated according to Odom criteria.
Results:
In sum, 79.16 % of the patients were satisfied from the procedure. However, the satisfaction rate was 96.15% in Group-I, 76.47 % in Group-IIa, and 0.0 % in Group-IIb. The mean initial VAS scores of patients who were satisfied with the procedure was 5.08 but 7.30 of dissatisfied ones. Number of affected discs and patient age have no effect on the results.

Conclusion:
Initial VAS scores are directly correlated with patient outcomes. Patients with higher than initial VAS scores of 5, must be rejected for the procedure.
Contemporary Challenges and Legal Regulation of Genome Research: Some Considerations
Authors: Kubyshkin A. V.
Published: May 2021

The paper studies some aspects and considerations of the legal regulation of genomic research in the context of modern challenges. Approaches to the formulation of some basic concepts in the field of bioinformatics, such as information, information space, are proposed, the importance of these concepts for legal regulation is substantiated. Approaches to the legal regulation of the commercial use of the results of genomic research in the field of bioinformatics are formulated. Approaches to the legal regulation of the activities of biobanks are proposed based on the analysis of the possibility of using blockchain technology to improve the functioning of the biobank, the possibility of attracting investments through crowdfunding financing. The classification of biobanks according to various criteria is given. Approaches to the formulation of such concepts as donation and parenthood are determined within the framework of the legal regulation of genomic research in the field of human reproduction. The influence of modern challenges associated with the development of science and technology on the formulation of these concepts is considered. Approaches to solving the problem of ensuring a balance of private, group and general interests in the field of legal regulation of genomic research are proposed.
Bioethical Aspects of Human Rights in Modern Latin America
Authors: Travieso J. A. , Ferraro A. V. , Trikoz E. N. , Gulyaeva E. E.
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to analyze the bioethical aspects of the institution of human rights in Latin America. The result of the present research is the author's conclusion on the necessity of the practical implementation of legal provisions in this area, and their judicial enforcement in many states of Latin America with the aim of compliance with international standards of human rights. In the face of global uncertainty of COVID-19, it is more necessary than ever to maintain a strong commitment to international law and human rights with responsibility in bioethics, and also to seek to preserve and consolidate what has been advanced in the construction of a world order based on rules and shared values, along with a policy structured on common values and international principles. States must take international responsibility for wrongful acts for the violation of human rights in biolaw. The research methodology was based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical legal methods). The biolaw basing on the International Law and Human Rights has its special understanding of the issue, which should be supported by further legislative development in Latin America. Latin American courts will not be able to make judgments on bioethical issues for a long time, while it is closely related to biopolitics and other controversial regional political positions. There are structural and historical problems of Latin American legal culture, a high index of criminal impunity and wide discretion of law-enforcement agencies that do not apply specific principles of biolaw and even bypass official bioethical guidelines in their practice. The author's give overview of the practice of Mexico on the matter of the legislative process in biolaw. The paper focuses on different theoretical approaches.
Conocimiento geográfico y pervivencia de algunas visiones románticas sobre las Islas Canarias / Geographical knowledge and survival of some romantic visions about the Canary Islands
Authors: Santana Santana Antonio , Morales Matos Guillermo
Published: May 2021

A través de dos ejemplos paradigmáticos en la historia del conocimiento de Canarias en época ya científica, el mito se ha venido imponiendo al rigor conceptual. De un lado, las observaciones biogeográficas de Humbold en su ascensión al Pico Teide (Tenerife), cuyos resultados han sido inalterados durante dos siglos, y de otro, la interpretación romántica e hiperbólica del quehacer cerámico en la aldea de La Atalaya (Gran Canaria), son revisados en este artículo. No siempre las interpretaciones de ciertos acontecimientos geohistóricos deben mantener un carácter definitivo.
Psychosis as a consequence of trauma
Authors: Sholomovich A. S.
Published: May 2021

The role of trauma in the origin of nervous diseases is beginning to be defined more or less precisely. So, Mendel, on the basis of a large proven material and a thorough study of their own cases, it comes to the conclusion that only meningitis, myelitis, apoplexy and epilepsy can be purely traumatic (rein traumatisch); polyneuritis and brain abscess can also be directly caused by trauma, especially with the help of infection; all the same other diseases of the nervous system: tabes, brain tumor, syringomyelia, Graves disease, paralysis agitans and others, if not with complete certainty, then with the greatest likelihood, how purely traumatic diseases can be considered non-existent.
Dr. De Buck. Macro and microscopic anatomy of epilepsy. Anatomie macroet microskopique de l'epilepsie. Le Névraxe, vol. IX.
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The author presents the results of anatomical studies of cases of epilepsy with mental disorders and in the state of dementia.
Dr. J. Roubinowitch. Dermographism in epileptics. Bulletin medical, 1908
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

Dermographism in epileptics is a very frequent phenomenon.
Dr. Negro. Pupil of epileptics anthropolis. crime. et medico legale. 1908.
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The author often observed an anomaly of the pupil in epileptics, consisting in a change in the place of the pupil.
Dr. Bratz. To the ethiology of epilepsy. Zur Aetiologie der Epiepsie. Neurol. Centralb., 1908
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

It has long been established that epilepsy in a large number of cases appears on the basis of parents' alcoholism.
F. Conzen. Uterine crises with tabes. Uteruskrisen bei Tabes. Neurolog. Centralbl. No. I, 1909
Authors: Nakhsidov G.
Published: May 2021

S. cites the history of the illness of 33 years old tablets, in which the crises were concentrated in the uterus. The patient herself says that pain appeared in the sacrum, which spread to the uterus; the last one contracted convulsively; when the pain reached its highest point, then the patient felt as if the child's head was erupting; then the pain stopped, a trembling occurred in the body, and the patient felt as if it had disintegrated. Attacks of such pains, similar to labor pains, were repeated 3-4 times a day, lasted 2 1/2 minutes and ended with watery expirations in the amount of 4-5 cubic meters. from.
Dr. Innins und dr. M. Arndt. About paralysis in spouses and taboparalysis. Uber Konjogale Paralyse und Paralysetabes. Monatsschr. Psych. f. und Nervenheilkunde. No. 7-1908
Authors: Sholomovich A.
Published: May 2021

The authors studied in Dalldorf 38 pairs of progressive paralysis in spouses and 16 cases of prog. paralysis in one of the spouses in case of suspicion of the same disease. the other.
Dr. Nonet. Mental epilepsy and coffee poisoning. Epilepsie psychique et intoxication cofeique. Journal de Neurologie, 1907
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The author describes a case of mental epilepsy in a person with hereditary neuropathological aggravations and personal disposition to convulsions caused by abuse of coffee.
Dr. Fourcade. To learn about the epileptic aura and especially the psychic aura. Contribution a l'étude de l'aura epileptique. Paris, 1907
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

Aura in epilepsy is far from a mandatory phenomenon and does not happen more than in a third of cases.
Tomaschny. About mixedѳmatous changes in the skin with manic-depressive psychosisѣ. Über myxödematöse Hautveränderung als Parallelvorgang bei manisch-depressiver Psychose. Neurolog. Centralblatt. 1909, no. 4
Authors: Nakhsidov G.
Published: May 2021

Dr. Tamaschny cites the history of Maria P.'s illness at 22 years old, with a very difficult inheritance, which, suffering from man.depr. psychosis since 1897, he was admitted under observation on 29 / IX-1905.
W. Winternitz. Physical methods of treatment in medical practice. Die physikalischen Heilmethoden in der ärztlichen Praxis.-Monatschr. f. physikal.diätet. Heilmethoden. H. I. 1909
Authors: Klyachkin G.
Published: May 2021

The first book of the new monthly magazine, devoted to the issues of physical therapy and deethetics, opens with an interesting article by prof. Winternitz, in which the famous physical therapist, on the basis of his many years of scientific research and clinical observation, gives a number of practical indications necessary for a doctor when applying physical methods of treatment.
Dr. Brugelmann. Migraine, its origin, essence, treatment. Migräne. 1909
Authors: Kovalevsky P. I.
Published: May 2021

The basis of this disease is either somatic or mental trauma to the central nervous system, or a reflex effect from some organ on the nerve centers, blood poisoning.
Protocol of the meeting of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University on April 22, 1909
Authors: Osipov V. P.
Published: May 2021

Present: chairman prof. L.O.Darkshevich under the secretary A.S. Sholomovich: Active members: prof. N.A.Mislavskiy, V.P. Osipov, V.N. Tonkov, D.A. A. V. Gavorskiy, V. I. Levchatkin, P. S. Skuridin, N. A. Donskov, V. P. Pervushin, I. A. Veselitskiy, M. A. Chalusov, N. A. Glushkov, E. M. Idelson; guests: Dr. Shibkov, Glushkov, Bogatyrev, Golovin, Tupitsyn, Mikhailov and about 20 medical students.
Doktorunuz Konuşuyor: COVID-19 Kamu Spotlarında Dizilerdeki Doktor Karakterlerin Temsili
Authors: DEVECİ Akın , CESUR Alim Alper
Published: May 2021

Pandemi sürecinde Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından hazırlanan “Koronavirüs Alacağımız Tedbirlerden
Güçlü Değil” isimli kamu spotlarında, ünlü dizi karakterleri Ateş Hekimoğlu ve Ali Vefa kullanılmıştır.
Gerçek ve başarılı pek çok doktorun aksine, birer temsil olan bu dizi karakterlerinin bakanlık
tarafından kullanılması dikkat çekicidir. Toplumun içinde yaşadığı hiper-gerçeklik döneminde bu
gibi bir uygulamanın tercih edilmesi, simülasyonun gerçekten daha gerçek olduğunu göstermektedir.
Ayrıca insan hayatını ilgilendiren en önemli unsurların bile temsiller aracılığı ile topluma ulaşacağının
düşünülmüş olması hem bir sorunsal, hem de içinde yaşadığımız “aşkın simülasyon evreni”nin kanıtı
gibidir. Çalışma Baudrillard’ın simülasyon kuramı bağlamında bu sorunu ele alarak, öyküsel anlatı
analizi yöntemiyle söz konusu dizi karakterlerinin kamu spotlarında kullanımının arkasında yatan
motivasyonu karakter temsillerinin temel özellikleri doğrultusunda incelemeyi konu edinmektedir. Söz
konusu doktor temsilleri “olmazı olur eden, olağanüstü yetenekli” karakterler olarak görünür olmakta
ve bir tür büyücü gibi “temsilden kanaat önderine” dönüştürülmektedir. Yaratılmış tüm bu doktor
tiplemeleri, simülasyon evreninin bir parçası olup aynı sistem içerisinde yaşamını sürdüren toplum
fertleri tarafından da mucizevi yönleriyle tanınmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla söz konusu karakterler birer
güven unsuru olarak tanınmaları sebebiyle COVID-19 önlemlerinin anlatıldığı kamu spotlarında bilgi
akışını kolaylaştırmak adına kullanılmışlardır. Özünde birer temsilden ibaret olan dizi karakterleri,
simülasyonun hakikatten daha güçlü bir anlatı barındırdığı varsayılarak kamu spotlarında gerçek
hekimler yerine tercih edilmiştir.
Geometria nos Anos Iniciais: Possíveis Conexões Teóricas e Práticas
Authors: Kuhn Malcus Cassiano , Quadros Bruna Mendel de
Published: May 2021

ResumoO artigo é trabalho de conclusão de um curso de especialização na área de Educação de uma Instituição Federal. Tem como finalidade refletir sobre o ensino de geometria nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, a partir de referências teóricas, para a instrumentalização de professores como mediadores do processo de construção do conhecimento geométrico. A pesquisa tem abordagem qualitativa, com um estudo bibliográfico baseado em livros e artigos sobre os escritos do casal van Hiele (1957), que propõe cinco níveis de compreensão do pensamento geométrico, além de cinco fases de aprendizagem para o avanço dos estudantes através desses níveis, e de Pais (1996), que destaca quatro elementos fundamentais da geometria: objeto, conceito, desenho e imagem mental. Isso é associado às habilidades e competências desenvolvidas em estudantes, a partir do estudo de geometria e indicadas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018). Destaca-se o papel do professor no ensino de geometria por meio de atividades práticas e contextualizadas, com o uso de materiais concretos, jogos e tecnologias, a fim de apresentar um caminho para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências. Nesse sentido, é preciso que os professores tenham conhecimento do conteúdo geométrico para selecionar, construir e sistematizar atividades, que proporcionem a aprendizagem significativa, considerando as teorias de van Hiele e Pais e as propostas da Base Nacional Comum Curricular.
Palavras-chave: Geometria. Anos Iniciais. BNCC. Ensino. Aprendizagem.
AbstractThe article is the conclusion work of a specialization course in Education of a Federal Institution. Its purpose is to reflect on the teaching of geometry in the early years of elementary school, from theoretical references, to instrumentalize teachers as mediators of the process of construction of geometric knowledge. The research has a qualitative approach, with a bibliographic study based on books and articles on the writings of the couple van Hiele (1957), which proposes five levels of understanding of geometric thinking, as well as five learning stages for the advancement of students through these levels, and of Pais (1996), which highlights four Fundamental elements of geometry: object, concept, design and mental image. This is associated with the skills and competences developed in students, from the study of geometry, and indicated in the Common National Curriculum Base (2018). We highlight the role of the teacher in teaching geometry through practical and contextualized activities, using concrete materials, games and technologies, in order to present a path for the development of skills and competences. In this sense, teachers need to have knowledge of geometric content to select, build and systematize activities that provide meaningful learning, considering the theories of van Hiele and Pais and the proposals of the Common National Curriculum Base.
Keywords: Geometry. Early Years. BNCC. Teaching; Learning.
İnflamatuar bağırsak hastalığında non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı sıklığı
Authors: GERÇEKER Emre , CERRAH Serkan , BAYKAN Ahmed Ramiz
Published: May 2021

Giriş ve Amaç: Non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, inflamatuar bağırsak hastalığında (İBH) yaygındır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İBH’da prevalansını eşleştirilmiş bir kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında değerlendirmek ve İBH’da non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı ile ilişkili özellikleri tanımlamaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Karın ağrısı nedeniyle gastroenteroloji poliklinik kontrollerinde USG tetkiki yapılan 225 İBH tanılı olgunun tıbbi kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bu olgular yaş ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve diabetes mellitus (DM) varlığı açısından eşleştirilmiş İBH olmayan 70 kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldı. Batın USG verileri, karaciğerdeki hepatosteatoz varlığı veya yokluğu açısından analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışma popülasyonu içinde non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı oranı %38,3 saptandı. İBH hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı izlendi (%43,3’e karşı %25; p=0,004). Ülseratif kolit alt grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı izlendi (%43,9 karşı %25, p=0,007). Crohn hastalığı alt grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek oranda yağlı karaciğer izlendi (%42,4 karşı %25, p=0,015). İBH varlığı, DM varlığı, VKİ>25 üzerinde olması bağımsız olarak non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı gelişimi riskini arttırdığı saptandı.

Sonuç: İBH varlığı non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı gelişim riskini artırmaktadır. İBH olgularında sistemik iltihaplanma ve bağırsak mikrobiyomunun değişmesi non-alkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı gelişiminde potansiyel nedensel faktörler olarak önerilmiştir, ancak patofizyolojiyi aydınlatmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulacaktır.
Building protfolios in teaching literature arts forwards developing students’ competency
Authors: Truong Thanh Tong
Published: May 2021

The objectives of Language Arts and Literature in General Education Curriculum are ahered to developing students’ competency and quality. Accordingly, the diversity of teaching methods and techniques is considered as an apporirate pathway to educational innovativons from basic to comprehensive in the 21st century. Strengthening learning activities for students therefore become essential. And designing learning portfolios in the teaching of Language Arts and Literature is one of the useful ways to enhance learning activities for students; consequently, students’ compentency and quality are sharpened. Based on theoretical basis on portfolios, designing processes, designing purposes and their usage of reading portfolios, writing portfolios and E-portfolios are built in order to strengthen students’ learning autonomy. The findings show that building eanring portfolios is definitely suitable to contemporary teaching perspectives and its application to teaching and learning environment at high school sounds fruitful.
Evaluating student’s learning approaches at University of Technology and Education Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Do Thi My Trang , Do Manh Cuong , Doan Thi Hue Dung
Published: May 2021

Deep learning approaches (discovering, exploring, and understanding core problem) is essential for university students because this approach helps students to achieve good competencies. However, recently a large number of students have surface learning approaches that make students’ capacities can not meet career demands. As a result, it needs to adjust the instructional design to encourage students to have deep learning approaches. Therefore, to have a database for the adjustment, this study aims to evaluate students’ learning approaches and figure out impact factors. Through the survey of 653 students, the data were analyzed Cronbach Alpha, Mean, Variance, ANOVA, and qualitative analysis from the interview, the result showed that students have deep and strategic learning approaches in a quite good level (Mean = 3.45). The study figured out learning approaches were impacted by recognization of subject significance, learning depression, the unconfidence of students. Also, the study recommended some adjustments in instructional design to engage students to have deep learning.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRANDTL NUMBER EFFECT ON ENTROPY GENERATION IN A SQUARE CAVITY
Authors: FERROUDJ Nawal , KÖTEN Hasan
Published: May 2021

In this study, entropy generation in laminar mixed convection in a square fluid-filled cavity is numerically studied. The middle of the lower wall of the cavity is heated to a constant temperature Th while the side-walls are maintained at a constant temperature Tc, and moving upper ward at a constant velocity to understand the effects of irreversibility distribution on the entropy generation for different engineering applications. For the studied control surface, remaining parts of lower and upper walls are adiabatic. The finite difference method is used to solve the governing equation. The entropy analysis is carried out to determine the irreversibility which is generated in the cavity for different Prandtl number (Pr=0.0212, 0.71 and 6.35), the effect of the irreversibility distribution ratio on entropy generation was investigated. It seen that effect of irreversibility distribution ratio (γ=10-2 and 10-4) have play important role on the total entropy for different Prandtl number. Also it is clear that, for all Prandtl number, the total entropy generation increase by increasing the irreversibility distribution ratio and the increase of Prandtl number regardless the values of Ri=1 and Re=100 because of the increase of the velocity gradients.
Alternatif Anoda Limbah Kulit Udang dan Cangkang Telur
Authors: Allam Dharma Abiyyu , Jannah Siti Miftachul , Fitriani Lilis Nur
Published: May 2021

Indonesia hingga saat ini masih menghadapi persoalan dalam mencapai target pembangunan energi karena upaya dalam memaksimalkan pemanfaatan potensi terbarukan belum berjalan sesuai dengan perencanaan. Hal ini disebabkan karena tingginya konsumsi energi fosil belum dapat diimbangi dengan penemuan energi cadangan baru. Padahal Indonesia telah mengalami penurunan produksi energi fosil semenjak 1990-an, status sebagai negara pengimpor juga membuat ketahanan energi minyak nasional berada pada posisi yang termasuk sangat rentan. Kondisi ini akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap implementasi point ke-7 pada Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yakni energi bersih dan terjangkau, serta dapat menghambat perwujudan target pada 2030. Disisi lain, kulit udang dan cangkang telur merupakan limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal di masyarakat, padahal keduanya memiliki kandungan yang sangat potensial yakni CaCO3 (kalsium karbonat). Adapun limbah udang yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan udang sangat banyak yakni berkisar 30-40% dari berat udang. Berdasarkan data yang kami peroleh, limbah udang mengandung protein kasar sekitar 25-40%, kalsium karbonat 45-50% dan kitin 15-20%. Sedangkan cangkang telur memiliki komposisi mineral, dan tersusun atas kristal CaCO3 (98,41%), MgCO3 (0,84%) dan Ca3(PO4)2 (0,75%). Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pereaksian sederhana antara CaCO3 dengan H2O. Di dalam baterai akan terjadi reaksi kimia berupa elektron akan mengalir dari baterai menuju kabel atau kutub negatif ke kutub positif, tempat dimana reaksi kimia tersebut berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif dari tegangan yang ditampilkan dan dilakukan uji konduksi listrik dengan intensitas tertinggi dengan hasil terbaik adalah kombinasi 6 gram cangkang telur dan 2 gram cangkang udang dengan output 1,3 Volt dan High Intensity Light yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah cangkang udang dan cangkang telur berpotensi besar untuk menggantikan batere Anoda sebagai energi terbarukan.
To study the incidence of pre-hospital antibiotic therapy among critically ill patients admitted in rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N , Geetika Guntupalli Suma , Natekar Suhit
Published: May 2021

There is considerate amount of stress which lies in the application of antibiotics in critically ill patients. A study on pre-hospital antibiotic administration in such patients would provide crucial data and go a long way in determining and understanding trends in antibiotic prescribing, to identify where necessary steps to be taken to improve prescribing are most needed and to measure progress.

After ethical committee approval, we have conducted an observational cross-sectional study for four months. We collected the data from patient or the relatives regarding prehospital antibiotic therapy on admission.

A total of 137 patients got admitted in the Medical intensive care unit (MICU) during the study period. Out of them, 91.24% of patients got admitted directly in MICU and 8.75% were referred from different hospitals. Those who received antibiotics prior to the admission were 2.18% and 93.43% of patients had not received antibiotics; the other patients who were not sure of antibiotic consumption were 4.37%. Among those 2.18% of patients who received, it was observed the most commonly utilized first antibiotic in our study was amoxicillin clavulanate potassium 66.66%. In all the patients that received more than one antibiotic, Metronidazole was the second antibiotic that was administered via intravenous route.

Amoxicillin clavulanate potassium was the most commonly and metronidazole was the second most antibiotic prescribed in prehospital admission. Proper guidelines should be initiated for the starting of the antibiotic therapies in India for general practitioners.