bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of a universal adhesive in non‐carious cervical lesions
Authors: Rouse Matthew A. , May Jaren T. , Platt Jeffrey A. , Cook N. Blaine , Capin Oriana R. , Adams Brooke N. , Kirkup Michele L. , Diefenderfer Kim E.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

To compare the clinical performance of a universal adhesive in class V non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two surface treatment protocols (self‐etch [SfE] vs selective‐enamel‐etch [SelE]).

Material and methods

Thirty‐three adults, each with ≥2 NCCLs, received one resin composite restoration utilizing a SfE universal adhesive and another utilizing the adhesive and SelE with 37% phosphoric acid. Restorations were evaluated for sensitivity, retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, and clinical acceptability through 24 months using Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel tests for stratified, ordered categorical outcomes.

Results

Sixty‐six restorations (35 SfE, 31 SelE; 27 volunteers) were evaluated at 24 months. There were no significant differences between SfE and SelE for sensitivity, retention, marginal adaptation, or clinical acceptability. One SfE restoration was lost. Marginal adaptation was significantly worse at 24 months than baseline for SelE (P = 0.01), but not for SfE. Marginal discoloration was significantly worse for SfE (P = 0.02), but not for SelE. Sensitivity improved from baseline to 24 months for both groups (SelE P = 0.004, SfE P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Twenty‐four‐month data indicated significantly reduced sensitivity for both groups, worse marginal discoloration for SfE, and worse marginal adaptation for SelE. No changes in retention or clinical acceptability were observed in either group. All retained restorations were clinically acceptable at 24 months.

Clinical Significance

Both self‐etch and selective enamel etch techniques with a universal adhesive produced clinically acceptable results in resin composite restorations for NCCLs over 2 years.
Effects of smoke produced from smoldering plants on the Aspergillus flavus growth and production of aflatoxin in pistachio
Authors: Shaterian Mohammadi Atena , Aminian Heshmatolah , Jamshidnia Arsalan
Published: August 2020

Aflatoxin (AF) contamination of the Iranian exporting pistachio has become a major problem in the last decades. In this study, the antifungal effects of smoke produced from the smoldering of several herbal plants were investigated. Four different ratios of plant weight/exposure time (5/5, 10/15, 15/30, and 20 g/45 min) were used from each plant material to smoke two isolates of Aspergillus flavus (A47 and A3), grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA). The results showed that the 20 g/45 min treatment using smoldering cinnamon bark, neem leaves, and clove flowers had efficient inhibitions of 100, 85, and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the smoking of pistachio inoculated with a spore concentration of 1 × 106 / ml using 30 g of cinnamon bark, neem leaves, and clove flowers for 75 min was capable of preventing the production of different types of AF, that is, B1, B2, G1, and G2 in the treated products. There is a good potential to smoke pistachio with these three herbal plants and prevent the production of AF in pistachio during the handling, storage, and transportation.
Iron promotes the clearance of α‐synuclein
Authors: Tuo Qing‐Zhang , Lei Peng
Published: August 2020

Both elevated iron and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) aggregates are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been previously shown that iron promotes α‐synuclein aggregation, and α‐synuclein dysfunction impairs iron metabolism. In their latest work, Kim et al. have shown that the H63D variant of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE) facilitates α‐syn degradation via REDD1‐mediated autophagy. Mice with the H63D variant of HFE were protected against α‐syn toxicity. These results may shed light on recent clinical studies of PD using iron chelation therapy.

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Neuroendocrine mechanisms of grief and bereavement: A systematic review and implications for future interventions
Authors: Hopf Dora , Eckstein Monika , Aguilar‐Raab Corina , Warth Marco , Ditzen Beate
Published: August 2020

Bereavement is associated with many negative behavioural, psychological and physiological consequences and leads to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. However, studies specifically examining neuroendocrine mechanisms of grief and bereavement have yet to be reviewed. This systematic review is a synthesis of the latest evidence in this field and aims to draw conclusions about the implications of neurobiological findings on the development of new interventions. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were used to search for articles assessing neuroendocrine correlates of grief. Findings were qualitatively summarised. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Out of 460 papers, 20 met the inclusion criteria. However, most were of fair quality only. As a neuroendocrine marker, the majority of the studies reported cortisol as the outcome measure and found elevated mean cortisol levels, flattened diurnal cortisol slopes and higher morning cortisol in bereaved subjects. Cortisol alterations were moderated by individual differences such as emotional reaction to grief, depressive symptoms, grief severity, closeness to the deceased and age or gender. Research on neuroendocrine mechanisms of grief is still in its early stages regarding grief measures and the use and timing of neuroendocrine assessments. Most of the studies focus on cortisol as outcome, and only limited data exist on other biomarkers such as oxytocin. Future research might consider assessing a broader range of neuroendocrine markers and use longitudinal designs with a focus on the psychobiological reactions to loss. Based on this, individually tailored psychosocial interventions, possibly in the palliative care context, might be developed to prevent prolonged grief disorder.
Prevention of impending scalp necrosis by topical nitroglycerine in hair transplant surgery
Authors: Abbas Zaheer , Kufi Hamid
Published: August 2020

Background

Recipient site necrosis is a rare but potentially devastating complication of hair restoration surgery. Appropriate case selection and procedure performed by expert surgical team are although mandatory but not enough to prevent such event, particularly in megasessions. Timely recognition of impending necrosis is very important to consider preventive measures.

Aims

We aim to evaluate the use of topical nitroglycerine in preventing the incidence of impending necrosis in hair restoration surgery.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was designed to determine the efficacy of nitroglycerine spray in consecutive cases of hair transplant troubled with dusky skin vulnerable to necrosis. 1580 cases that underwent hair transplant were enrolled and topical nitroglycerine was used in 88 patients vulnerable to necrosis. A management algorithm was also proposed from clinical observations and literature review to avoid vascular injury that may lead to necrosis.

Results

83 cases (94.32%) were rescued by topical nitroglycerine and five developed necrosis eventually. Five cases who had considerable black hue and treated successfully with above treatment were reported in detail.

Conclusion

Our experience with the use of nitroglycerine spray on the cyanotic area aided in the prevention of impending necrosis due to its vasodilatory effects on arterioles.
NIGHT LIGHTS IN ECONOMICS: SOURCES AND USES1
Authors: Gibson John , Olivia Susan , Boe‐Gibson Geua
Published: August 2020

Night lights, as detected by satellites, are increasingly used by economists, typically as a proxy for economic activity. The growing popularity of these data reflects either the absence, or the presumed inaccuracy, of more conventional economic statistics, like national or regional GDP. Further growth in use of night lights is likely, as they have been included in the AidData geoquery tool for providing subnational data, and in geographic data that the Demographic and Health Survey links to anonymized survey enumeration areas. Yet, this ease of obtaining night lights data may lead to inappropriate use, if users fail to recognize that most of the satellites providing these data were not designed to assist economists, and have features that may threaten validity of analyses based on these data, especially for temporal comparisons, and for small and rural areas. In this paper, we review sources of satellite data on night lights, discuss issues with these data, and survey some of their uses in economics.
Risk of hedonic bias in sensory co‐elicitations: Comparison of CATA questions and applicability ratings
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Jin David , Roigard Christina M. , Le Blond Marie , Ares Gastón
Published: August 2020

Co‐elicitation of hedonic responses and sensory responses is now common. Against this background, this research compared the risk of hedonic bias from sensory check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions and sensory term ratings from unstructured line scales (RQ1) and evaluated if the risk of hedonic bias is independent of the sensory terms of the CATA question (RQ2). Seven studies with 137–293 participants each were conducted, using different product categories. Between‐subjects experimental designs were used and allocated consumers to one experimental condition (EC). For RQ1, these were hedonic, hedonic immediately followed by a CATA question, and hedonic immediately followed by a rating of term applicability (“not at all” to “extremely”). In RQ2, both ECs involved hedonic ratings followed by a CATA question, but the sensory terms differed. Results showed a significant effect of EC on hedonic ratings in three of five studies for RQ1, suggesting that hedonic bias may or may not occur. For RQ2, the terms of the CATA question influenced hedonic ratings in two of three studies, and a negative hedonic effect was seen when CATA terms drew attention to particular characteristics of individual samples. Collectively, the results suggest that likelihood of bias depends on interactions between product category, samples, and terms.

Practical applications

Results from the present work suggest that hedonic bias in sensory co‐elicitations using CATA questions and scales may occur depending on the type of sensory attributes considered in the study. The consideration of terms that trigger attention to specific sensory attributes of the samples may lead to changes in hedonic ratings. Rating scales appear more likely to be associated with hedonic bias compared to CATA questions due to their more analytic approach to sample evaluation.
Evaluation of the new Id‐Fungi plates from Conidia for MALDI‐TOF MS identification of filamentous fungi and comparison with conventional methods as identification tool for dermatophytes from nails, hair and skin samples
Authors: Sacheli Rosalie , Henri Anne‐Sophie , Seidel Laurence , Ernst Marie , Darfouf Rajae , Adjetey Caroline , Schyns Marjorie , Marechal Ludwig , Meex Cécile , Arrese Jorge , Hayette Marie‐Pierre
Published: August 2020

Objectives

We first compare the efficiency of mould/dermatophyte identification by MALDI‐TOF MS using a new medium called Id‐Fungi plates (IDFP) from Conidia® and two different databases. For the second purpose, we evaluated a new version of the medium supplemented with cycloheximide, Id‐Fungi plates Plus (IDFPC) for the direct inoculation of nails, hair and skin samples and compared the efficiency of MALDI‐TOF MS identification of dermatophytes to classical methods based on culture and microscopy.

Methods

A total of 71 strains have been cultured IDFP and Sabouraud gentamicin plates (SGC2) and were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. For the evaluation of the combination IDFPC/ MALDI‐TOF MS as a method of identification for dermatophytes, 428 samples of hair nails and skin were cultivated in parallel on IDFPC and Sabouraud + cycloheximide medium (SAB‐ACTI).

Results

For Aspergillus sp and non‐Aspergillus moulds, the best performances were obtained on IDFP after maximum 48‐h growth, following protein extraction. For dermatophytes, the best condition was using the IDFP at 72 hours, after extended direct deposit. Regarding the direct inoculation of nails, hair skin on IDFPC, 129/428 (30.1%) showed a positive culture against 150/428 (35%) on SAB‐ACTI medium. Among the 129 positive strains, the identification by MALDI‐TOF MS was correct for 92/129 (71.4%).

Conclusion

The IDFP allows the generation of better spectra by MALDI‐TOF MS compared to SGC2. It facilitates sampling and deposit. Regarding the use of IDFPC, this medium seems less sensitive than SAB‐ACTI but among positive strains, the rate of correct identification by MALDI‐TOF MS is satisfactory.
Relating three‐dimensional airway measurements to the apnea‐hypopnea index in pediatric sleep apnea patients
Authors: Masoud Ahmed I. , Alwadei Abdurahman H. , Gowharji Lena F. , Park Chang G. , Carley David W.
Published: August 2020

Objectives

(a) To evaluate three‐dimensional radiographic airway analysis as it relates to the pre‐test probability for sleep apnea in pediatric patients, and (b) to develop cut‐off values for measurements showing promising results.

Setting and Sample Population

A consecutive series of pediatric patients between the ages of 7 and 17 years, referred for a sleep study were recruited. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired for 103 subjects within one month following the sleep study.

Methods

Three‐dimensional airway analysis was performed including volumetric, area and linear measurements. Correlations with the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for prediction of AHI ≥ 5 and AHI ≥ 10.

Results

99 CBCT scans were included (median age = 11 years). The nasopharyngeal volume (NPV) significantly correlated with AHI (rho≈‐0.4, P < .05). In subjects aged 7‐11 years, proposed cut‐off values for NPV are 2400mm3 and 1600mm3 for AHI ≥ 5 and AHI ≥ 10, respectively. In subjects aged 12‐17 years, proposed cut‐off values for NPV are 3500mm3 and 2700mm3 for AHI ≥ 5 and AHI ≥ 10, respectively. Oropharyngeal cross‐sectional area (OCSA) demonstrated significant predictive value in ROC curve analysis, and cut‐off values for this airway measure are also proposed.

Conclusions

Contrary to findings in adults, the NPV shows promise when screening for sleep apnea in children when CBCT scans are available. The OCSA might also be of value when screening for sleep apnea especially in older children.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation in pediatric patients with acute leukemias or myelodysplastic syndrome using unrelated adult or umbilical cord blood donors in Brazil
Authors: Tavares Rita de Cássia Barbosa , Bonfim Carmem Sales , Seber Adriana , Pereira Lermontov Simone , Coulturato Vergílio , Zecchin Victor Gottardello , Ribeiro Lisandro , Fernandes Juliana Folloni , Daudt Liane Esteves , Grecco Carlos S. , Darrigo‐Jr Luiz Guilherme , Villela Neysimélia , Nichele Samantha , Gouveia Roseane , Bouzas Luís Fernando , Hamerschlak Nelson , Vigorito Afonso Celso , da Silva Paula Moreira , da Silva Priscila de Oliveira , da Silva Cinthya Corrêa , de Souza Fernandez Cecília , Flowers Mary Evelyn , Arcuri Leonardo Javier
Published: August 2020

The choice of alternative donors for HCT for patients without an HLA‐matched related donor depends on several factors. We compared major HCT outcomes in 212 consecutive children transplanted at 11 centers in Brazil for acute leukemia or MDS from an HLA‐matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 95), mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD, n = 47) or unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB, n = 70). Most had ALL (61%), bone marrow (57%) as the graft source and 95% received a MAC regimen. The 3‐year OS probability were 57, 55, and 37% after HCT from MUD, MMUD, and UCB, respectively (HR 1.68, 95%CI 1.07‐2.63; P = .02). In comparison with MUD, OS was similar after transplantation of a ≥ 6/8 HLA‐matched or a high cell dose (>5 × 107 TNC/kg) CB unit (HR 1.41, 95%CI 0.88‐2.27; P = .15). NRM was higher for UCB (HR 3.90, 95%CI 1.43‐10.7; P = .01) but not for MMUD (HR 1.03, 95%CI 0.53‐2.00; P > .20). Advanced disease (HR 2.05, 95%CI 1.26‐3.33; P < .001) and UCB with high probability of being < 6/8 HLA‐matched (HR 5.34, 95%CI 2.0‐13.9; P < .001) were associated with higher mortality. Relapse and acute GVHD were similar among groups, while PGF was higher among UCB transplants (P = .002) and chronic GVHD among MMUD group (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.05‐7.88; P = .04). Our results suggest that in Brazil HCT outcomes performed with MMUD and MUD donors were comparable, while with UCB units < 6/8 HLA‐matched were associated with higher NRM for children with acute leukemia or MDS.
Associations of sitting and physical activity with grip strength and balance in mid‐life: 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Cooper Rachel , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark
Published: August 2020

Strength and balance training are now recommended in many physical activity (PA) guidelines. However, it is unclear whether these recommendations are applicable to middle‐aged adults. We aimed to examine the associations of sitting and physical activity times with grip strength and standing balance performance in mid‐life. Up to 4726 participants from the 1970 British Cohort study, with data on sitting and activity (measured using a thigh‐worn accelerometer (activPAL3‐micro)), grip strength and balance times at age 46 years were included in analyses. Associations of sitting, moderate‐vigorous, and total PA times with grip strength and balance performance were tested using linear and multinomial logistic regression models, respectively. Greater time spent sitting was associated with weaker grip strength even after adjustment for potential confounders and MVPA time (fully adjusted regression coefficient: −0.51 kg (95% CI: −0.63, −0.39) per 1‐hour sitting/day). Associations of PA time with grip strength were not independent of sitting time. There was only a weak association between sitting time and balance performance but greater MVPA and total PA times were associated with higher relative risks of successfully balancing for 30 seconds with eyes closed (vs poor balance). However, these associations were fully attenuated after adjustments for covariates. In summary, among a sample of middle‐aged adults a robust association between sitting time and grip strength was observed. These findings suggest potential benefits of actively promoting less sitting alongside activities that specifically benefit muscle strength and balance performance in mid‐life to ensure that people maintain all important aspects of their physical capability as they age.
Participation in sports/recreational activities and incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in adults
Authors: Mielke Gregore I. , Bailey Tom G. , Burton Nicola W. , Brown Wendy J.
Published: August 2020

Evidence of prospective associations between participation in sports and recreational activities (SRAs) and health outcomes at the population level is scarce. We investigated the associations between participation in SRAs and 6‐year incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in a cohort of mid‐age Australian adults. We analyzed data from the HABITAT study (n = 8784), a cohort of adults aged 40+ years living in Brisbane, Australia. Mail surveys in 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 were used to collect data on participation in 11 SRAs in the past 12 months, as well as self‐reported hypertension, diabetes, height, and weight. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. Logistic generalized estimating equation models with a 2‐year lag were used. Participation in SRAs in 2007, 2009, and 2011 was matched with outcomes measured in 2009, 2011, and 2013. From 2007 to 2013, the cumulative incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity was 14.9%, 3.2%, and 11%, respectively. Running, tennis, team sports, exercise classes, and resistance training were associated with reduced odds of hypertension. Running, cycling, resistance training, and yoga/tai chi were associated with reduced odds of diabetes. Cycling, tennis, home‐based exercises, resistance training, and yoga/tai chi were associated with lower odds of obesity. Participation in SRAs was associated with lower incidence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in mid‐age adults over six years. These findings support current efforts to promote wider and continuing participation in SRAs at this life stage.
Residual bacterial detection rates after primary culture as determined by secondary culture and rapid testing in platelet components: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Walker Brandon S. , White Sandra K. , Schmidt Robert L. , Metcalf Ryan A.
Published: August 2020

Background

Primary culture alone was a bacterial risk control strategy intended to facilitate interdiction of contaminated platelets (PLTs). A September 2019 FDA guidance includes secondary testing options to enhance safety. Our objective was to use meta‐analysis to determine residual contamination risk after primary culture using secondary culture and rapid testing.

Study Design and Methods

A December 2019 literature search identified articles on PLT bacterial detection rates using primary culture and a secondary testing method. We used meta‐analysis to estimate secondary testing detection rates after a negative primary culture. We evaluated collection method, sample volume, sample time, and study date as potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

The search identified 6102 articles; 16 were included for meta‐analysis. Of these, 12 used culture and five used rapid testing as a secondary testing method. Meta‐analysis was based on a total of 103 968 components tested by secondary culture and 114 697 by rapid testing. The residual detection rate using secondary culture (DRSC) was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.24‐0.6) per 1000 components, while residual detection rate using rapid testing (DRRT) was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.01‐0.25) per 1000 components. Primary culture detection rate was the only statistically significant source of heterogeneity.

Conclusion

We evaluated bacterial detection rates after primary culture using rapid testing and secondary culture. These results provide a lower and upper bound on real‐world residual clinical risk because these methods are designed to detect high‐level exposures or any level of exposure, respectively. Rapid testing may miss some harmful exposures and secondary culture may identify some clinically insignificant exposures.
The Impact of Corona Virus Outbreak Regarding the Large-Scale Social Restriction Policy on Economic Attitudes in Makassar
Authors: SE MSi Patta Rapanna , S.E., M.Si Edy Jumady,
Published: August 2020

Types of qualitative research through the phenomenological approach, the results showed that Corona virus outbreak affects all sectors, one of which is the economic factor where many people become victims of termination of employment from the company they work besides large-scale social restriction policies or lock down impacts the limited activities, especially the social and economic movements of the community, while the , this is because of many people who do not have a domicile letter because of displacement that is temporary (not settled), this condition affects social gaps, criminal figures, social jealousy, etc.
Extensive Parametric Study of Cooling Performance of an Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger in Hot Semi-Arid Climate
Authors: Mahach Hassan , Benhamou Brahim
Published: August 2020

This work aims to provide some design guidelines for Earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHX) in hot semi-arid climates. An extensive parametric study in the context of the soil properties and hot climate of Marrakech (Morocco) is carried out considering all the EAHX design parameters that are the EAHX pipe length, number, diameter, spacing, burying depth, and the airflow velocity. More than 400 of the EAHX parameters’ combinations are studied by carrying out more than 400 dynamic simulations using the well-validated TYPE 460 of TRNSYS. Thermal performances of the EAHX are assessed for the air cooling of the buildings by means of “the maximum cooling efficiency,” which is related to the blown air temperature into the building. The results are presented in terms of charts of the cooling efficiency for two parameters at the same time, while the others were set to their reference values. Useful design guidelines, to get air cooled at a set point temperature, are derived.
The Necessary Condition for a Hard Coating to Strengthen a Coated Sphere
Authors: Chen Z.
Published: August 2020

The yield resistance of a coated sphere subjected to normal contact loading is studied based on a finite element analysis. Moderately hard coatings that were omitted in previous literature are considered. A maximum weakening/strengthening effect of minimizing/maximizing the yield resistance is observed to be linked to the transition of yield inception location. The necessary condition for a hard coating to strengthen a coated sphere is proposed. Only hard coatings with yield strength ratio above a threshold value can provide a constructive strengthening effect.
On the Performance of Swing Arm Flapping Turbines
Authors: Arfaoui Benarfaoui , Bouzaher Mohamed Taher , Guerira Belhi , Bensaci Charaf-Eddine
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the energy extraction mechanism by means of swing arm turbine. The swing arm turbines have a particular motion pattern. The pure translation motion in the conventional flapping turbine changes based on the swing arm rotation. The laminar flow around a NACA0015 is resolved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The turbine blades are equipped with an oscillating gurney flap for trying to boost the system efficiency. The connected gurney flap oscillates with a given pitching angle. A user-defined function and the sliding dynamic mesh technique available in ansys fluent version 15 are used to adjust both the blade and the flap positions during the turbine flapping cycle. The effects of the swing factor and the flap length on the system performance are provided. It is shown that the suggested strategy of control is able to alter the pressure distribution during both the up stroke and down stroke phases, which changes the blade aerodynamic forces during all the flapping cycle portions and therefore improving the turbine efficiency.
Improving the Toughness of the Weld-Heat-Affected Zone of Cu-Containing Low-Alloy Steel for Offshore Applications by Optimizing Chemical Composition
Authors: Honma Yuta , Sasaki Gen , Hashi Kunihiko , Minami Fumiyoshi
Published: August 2020

Copper-containing low-alloy steel based on the ASTM A707 5L grade is widely used for structural parts of offshore wells. However, it is difficult to stably obtain good weld joint toughness. With this background, this paper focuses on the metallurgical factors controlling the heat-affected zone (HAZ) toughness of A707 modified steel. Potential factors considered are the grain size, the martensite–austenite constituent (M-A), and precipitates. Thus, the purpose was to clarify the effect of M-A and precipitates on HAZ toughness. Furthermore, Cu, Si, and Mn contents, which affect M-A and precipitates generations, were focused on and tried to improve HAZ toughness by optimizing their contents in ASTM A707 steel. The weld test results showed that the toughness of an intercritically coarsened grain HAZ (ICRCGHAZ) was remarkably lower than that of the other heat cycle pattern due to the formation of M-A. It is, therefore, essentially important to suppress the formation of M-A in order to improve toughness in the HAZ of the steel. Therefore, the chemical composition was optimized in an effort to improve HAZ toughness. Copper had no negative influence on the HAZ toughness. It was found that when the Mn and Si contents of the steel decreased, the area fraction of M-A decreased. Consequently, the ICRCG HAZ toughness is improved because the toughness increases with the decrease in the area fraction of M-A. The recommended amounts of Cu, Mn, and Si to ensure HAZ toughness are more than 1.0 wt%, less than 0.6 wt%, and less than 0.1 wt%, respectively.
A Pore-Scale Investigation of the Transient Response of Forced Convection in Porous Media to Inlet Ramp Inputs
Authors: Habib Rabeeah , Yadollahi Bijan , Karimi Nader
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the transient response of forced convection of heat in a reticulated porous medium through taking a pore-scale approach. The thermal system is subject to a ramp disturbance superimposed on the entrance flow temperature/velocity. The developed model consisted of ten cylindrical obstacles aligned in a staggered arrangement with set isothermal boundary conditions. A few types of fluids, along with different values of porosity and Reynolds number, are considered. Assuming a laminar flow, the unsteady Navier Stokes and energy equations are solved numerically. The temporally developing flow and temperature fields as well as the surface-averaged Nusselt numbers are used to explore the transient response of the system. Also, a response lag ratio (RLR) is defined to further characterize the transient response of the system. The results reveal that an increase in amplitude increases the RLR. Nonetheless, an increase in ramp duration decreases the RLR, particularly for high-density fluids. Interestingly, it is found that the Reynolds number has almost negligible effects upon RLR. This study clearly reflects the importance of conducting pore-scale analyses for understanding the transient response of heat convection in porous media.
Multi-Objective Optimization on Vibration and Noise Characteristics of Light Duty Biofuel Powered Engine at Idling Condition Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ashok B. , Jeevanantham A. K. , Prabhu K. , Shirude Pratik M. , Shinde Datta D. , Nadgauda Nikhil S. , Karthick C.
Published: August 2020

Lemon peel oil (LPO) is a promising alternative biofuel for diesel engine applications due to its favorable physical and chemical properties. This study deals with combustion, vibration, and noise measurement for diesel engine powered with biofuel blend in the perspective of passenger comfort at engine idle condition. Experimentation is performed using a 20% blend of lemon peel oil with diesel (B20) according to central composite design (CCD) by varying pilot mass (PM), pilot injection timing (PIT), injection pressure, and engine speed (ES). Vibrations at engine crankcase, cylinder head were measured with a triaxial accelerometer along with noise measurement. The output responses for diesel and B20 were compared based on the output from response surface methodology (RSM). The study observed that predominant vibrations at the crankcase level along the lateral direction of the engine influenced by fuel injection pressure (FIP) and engine speed for both test fuels. Engine head vibrations were maximum along with the reciprocating motion of piston for both test fuels and found 7.43% more in case diesel. Engine noise is comparable from both test conditions irrespective of different influencing parameters. An increment of 1.662 J/deg in the heat release rate (HRR) of B20 is observed attributed to a longer ignition delay of B20 fuel. This study concludes that the lemon peel oil blend is compatible to use as an alternate biofuel in a diesel engine with suitable damping techniques for better passenger comfort.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Thermal Analysis of ITER Pressure Suppression Tanks
Authors: Basili Lorenzo , Frano Rosa Lo , Olcese Marco , Sekachev Igor , Aquaro Donato
Published: August 2020

The aim of the paper is to present the results of the investigation of the thermal conditions (temperature distribution, heat losses) in the support system of the vapor suppression tank (VST) of the vacuum vessel pressure suppression system (VVPSS), a safety important system of ITER fusion reactor, protecting the vacuum vessel (VV) against overpressures. The VVPSS includes four VSTs of identical volume and installed as two stacked assemblies. The study focuses on the optimization of the design of the thermal insulation at the bottom of the VSTs, interfacing with the basement and also on the identification of the thermal loads at the interface between the tank support and the tank pressure boundary. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the VST has been performed for four different insulation configurations and considering both steady-state and transient loads following accidental conditions. The results of the analysis are used to provide recommendation on the optimum configuration of the thermal insulation. Measures for minimization of the thermal gradient in the critical area of the joint between the tank hemispherical head and support skirt to limit the thermal fatigue on the welds are also suggested.
Supervision and professional development support for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Ballantyne Neil , Maidment Jane , Hay Kathryn S. , Walker Shayne
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing.METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly-Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) in their first two years of practice are to enter professional social work. A survey of managers /supervisors and newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practice of recent graduates was conducted. The survey design included a replication of a similar study carried out in England.FINDINGS: Questions about supervision were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional supervision of NQSWs.IMPLICATIONS: Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.
Tough times in our bubble of five million
Authors: Beddoe Liz
Published: August 2020

Editorial
Supervision, support and professional development for newly qualified social workers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Ballantyne Neil , Maidment Jane , Hay Kathryn , Walker Shayne
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION: Many social work professional bodies and regulators mandate regular supervision and professional development. Supervision is believed to support continuing development of professional skills, safeguarding of competent and ethical practice, oversight of the practitioner’s work for adherence to organisational expectations, and support for practitioner wellbeing.METHOD: Phase two of the Enhancing the Readiness to Practice of Newly Qualified Social Workers (Enhance R2P) project employed a mixed methods study (surveys and interviews) to explore how well prepared newly qualified social workers (NQSWs) are, in their first two years of practice, to enter professional social work. A survey of managers/supervisors and NQSWs in Aotearoa New Zealand about the readiness to practise of recent graduates was conducted.FINDINGS: Questions about supervision and professional development were included in the survey and in interviews with both NQSWs and supervisors/managers. Around half of NQSWs were supervised at least once every two weeks, but another half were supervised monthly or less frequently. Observation of practice by supervisors was either very infrequent or entirely absent from the professional development of NQSWs.IMPLICATIONS: Study findings revealed great variability in the formal supervision and other supports available for NQSWs which may impact on retention and practitioner wellbeing. More integrated systems of supervision, peer support and planned professional development are needed.
The “Hidden Depression” that never really went away
Authors: Eketone Anaru
Published: August 2020

Covid-19 is a unique conjunction of a serious disease pandemic coupled with a serious economic crisis. I took the opportunity during level four lockdown to catch up on some reading. Two books in particular discussed the previous two named depressions that Aotearoa New Zealand went through. Children of the Poor by John A. Lee (1973) dealt with poverty in Dunedin following the “Long Depression” of the late 19th century and The Slump by Tony Simpson (1990) looked at the lead-up to the “Great Depression”, its effects and its lasting legacy.
Aroha, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga: Social work educators’ reflections on the Covid-19 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jaquiery Nathan , Kaloga Marissa , Wason Susan
Published: August 2020

The 2020 Covid-19 pandemic which, as at the time of writing, is ongoing throughout the world, has far-reaching implications for the practice of social work. As Aotearoa New Zealand steadily moves towards declaring itself “Covid-free,” it is important to reflect upon and capture the complexities, challenges, and dynamics experienced during the lockdown. As the pandemic continues to expand, front-line experiences can serve to inform decision making and reflection on the future development of the social work profession in a post-Covid world. This article will discuss the experiences of three social work educators at the University of Otago’s Social and Community Work Programme. Each contributor will relate their pandemic teaching and learning experience by aligning it with a Value and Ethical Principle of the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Work Code of Ethics (ANZASW, 2019). Each contributor felt that it was important to capture their experiences during this defining moment in our history and to consider how the nature of relationships may have changed, how boundaries shifted and learning has ensued as we have journeyed through a shared traumatic experience together. “He waka eke noa” (we are all in this together)
Letters of an antifascist. Marianne Angermann to her parents, antifascists in Germany from 22 / 12 / 1935 to 24 / 2 / 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann was a German biochemist who emigrated to  New Zealand in 1948 when her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz David Bielschowsky, took up a position in Dunedin as director of research for the British Empire Cancer Research Fund (today, the New Zealand Cancer Society). This publication focuses on copies of her letters from 1936 which are held in the Hocken Collections at the University of Otago. The letters were written to her parents in Germany (Langenberg and Berlin) from Spain where Marianne had moved to take up a position at the Instituto de investigaciones médicas (Institute of Medical Research) at the invitation of Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz. Her colleagues were drawn from the elite of Spanish scientific researchers and included future Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa de Albornoz. Angermann describes daily life in Madrid and makes references to the country's political tensions as the nation headed towards the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). She also discusses the work undertaken to establish Jiménez Díaz's institute based at the medical faculty on the new Madrid University campus (the Ciudad Universitaria). In November 1936 this facility would become the site of bitter fighting between Republicans and Franco's Nationalist forces. The introduction provides biographical information on Marianne Angermann: her upbringing in the Rhineland, her father's position as mayor of Langenberg, the political turmoil of the 1920s (inflation, French occupation of the Rhineland), her study at the universities of Greifswald and Freiburg, the difficulties faced by women in the field of chemistry, and the fates of her Jewish colleagues and friends when the Nazis seized power in 1933.Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, medical, research, Dunedin, Jews, migration, New Zealand, National Socialism, anti-Semitism, Spain, Spanish Civil War, Madrid, university, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Germany, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanish Republic, Nationalists
Letters of an antifascist. Marianne Angermann to her parents, antifascists in Germany from 2 / 3 / 1936 to 26 / 4 / 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann was a German biochemist who emigrated to  New Zealand in 1948 when her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz David Bielschowsky, took up a position in Dunedin as director of research for the British Empire Cancer Research Fund (today, the New Zealand Cancer Society). This publication focuses on copies of her letters from 1936 which are held in the Hocken Collections at the University of Otago. The letters were written to her parents in Germany (Langenberg and Berlin) from Spain where Marianne had moved to take up a position at the Instituto de investigaciones médicas (Institute of Medical Research) at the invitation of Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz. Her colleagues were drawn from the elite of Spanish scientific researchers and included future Nobel laureate Severo Ochoa de Albornoz. Angermann describes daily life in Madrid and makes references to the country's political tensions as the nation headed towards the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). She also discusses the work undertaken to establish Jiménez Díaz's institute based at the medical faculty on the new Madrid University campus (the Ciudad Universitaria). In November 1936 this facility would become the site of bitter fighting between Republicans and Franco's Nationalist forces. The introduction provides biographical information on Marianne Angermann: her upbringing in the Rhineland, her father's position as mayor of Langenberg, the political turmoil of the 1920s (inflation, French occupation of the Rhineland), her study at the universities of Greifswald and Freiburg, the difficulties faced by women in the field of chemistry, and the fates of her Jewish colleagues and friends when the Nazis seized power in 1933.Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, medical, research, Dunedin, Jews, migration, New Zealand, National Socialism, anti-Semitism, Spain, Spanish Civil War, Madrid, university, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Germany, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanish Republic, Nationalists
Briefe einer Antifaschistin. Marianne Angermann an ihre Eltern, Antifaschisten in Deutschland vom 2. 3. 1936 bis 26. 4. 1936.
Authors: Angermann Marianne
Published: August 2020

Marianne Angermann war eine deutsche Biochemikerin, die, zusammen mit ihrem Ehemann, dem deutsch-jüdischen Arzt Franz David Bielschowsky, 1948 nach Neuseeland auswanderte. Bielschowsky war kurz zuvor als Leiter des British Empire Cancer Research Fund (heute: New Zealand Cancer Society) in Dunedin angestellt worden. Die vorliegende Publikation beschäftigt sich mit Kopien der an ihre Eltern gerichteten Korrespondenz von Marianne Angermann aus dem Jahre 1936, die sich in den Sammlungen der der Universität Otago angeschlossenen Hocken Collections befindet. Angermann hielt sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt in Spanien auf, wohin sie Ende 1935 auf Einladung des renommierten spanischen Mediziners Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz übersiedelte. In ihren Briefen beschreibt Angermann das alltägliche Leben in Madrid und bezieht sich dabei öfter auf die politischen Spannungen in der Zweiten Spanischen Republik, die sich immer schneller auf den verheerenden Bürgerkrieg der Jahre 1936 - 1939 zu bewegte. Sie beschreibt auch ihren Beitrag zu den Vorarbeiten am Institut von Jiménez Díaz, das der medizinischen Fakultät der Madrid Universität (Ciudad Universitaria) angegliedert war und erst Mitte 1936 eröffnet wurde. Im November 1936 wurde die Fakultät zu einem Kriegsschauplatz als dort bittere Kämpfe zwischen Republikanern und in die Hauptstadt eindringenden Nationalisten ausgetragen wurden. In der Einleitung umreißen wir Kindheit, Jugend und Studienjahre von Marianne Angermann:  ihren familiären Hintergrund in Sachsen und im Rheinland, die Stellung ihres Vaters als Bürgermeister von Langenberg, den politischen Tumult der 1920er Jahre (Hyperinflation, Besetzung des Rheinlandes), ihr Studium an den Universitäten von Greifswald und Freiburg, ihre beruflichen Schwierigkeiten als promovierte Frau, und das Schicksal ihrer jüdischen Kollegen und Freunde nach der Machtergreifung der Nationalsozialisten 1933.  Keywords: Angermann, Bielschowsky, Medizin, Forschung, Dunedin, Neuseeland, Spanien, Bürgerkried, Madrid, Universität, Carlos Jiménez Díaz, Deutschland, Langenberg, Instituto de investigaciones médicas, Spanische Republik, Nationalisten
Anterior Reach and Symmetry on the Y-Balance Test are Related to Dorsiflexion Range of Motion but not Single-Limb Balance in Physically Active Young Adults
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , Hoch Johanna M. , Powden Cameron J. , Gabriel Emily H. , Welsch Lauren A.
Published: August 2020

Background: The anterior reach distance and symmetry of the Y-Balance Test (YBT) has been associated with increased injury risk in collegiate athletes. Examining the influence of dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM) and single-limb balance (SLB) on YBT performance may identify underlying factors associated with injury risk. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if YBT anterior reach is related to DROM or SLB in collegiate varsity and club sport athletes. Methods: A convenience sample of 124 university varsity and club sport athletes (females: 99, age: 20.0 ± 1.6 years, height: 168.9 ± 12.5 kg, body mass: 68.8 ± 14.0 kg) completed the anterior direction of the YBT, weight-bearing DROM, and SLB components (firm and foam surface) of the Balance Error Scoring System on both limbs at one testing session. Relative symmetry was calculated by subtracting values of the left limb from the right limb. Results: For the left and right limb, normalized anterior reach distance was moderately correlated to DROM (R = .55, p < .001). Anterior reach distance and symmetry was weakly correlated to SLB and SLB symmetry (R = −.16 to −.03). Conclusion: There was a positive relationship between YBT anterior reach and weight-bearing DROM which was also observed in the between-limb symmetry. However, weak relationships were exhibited between YBT anterior reach and SLB. These findings may be useful for future injury prevention initiatives in athletic settings.
Life span extension by glucose restriction is abrogated by methionine supplementation: Cross-talk between glucose and methionine and implication of methionine as a key regulator of life span
Authors: Zou Ke , Rouskin Silvia , Dervishi Kevin , McCormick Mark A. , Sasikumar Arjun , Deng Changhui , Chen Zhibing , Kaeberlein Matt , Brem Rachel B. , Polymenis Michael , Kennedy Brian K. , Weissman Jonathan S. , Zheng Jiashun , Ouyang Qi , Li Hao
Published: August 2020

Yeast cells lower their intracellular methionine level in response to glucose restriction to regulate metabolism and life span.
When floods hit the road: Resilience to flood-related traffic disruption in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond
Authors: Kasmalkar Indraneel G. , Serafin Katherine A. , Miao Yufei , Bick I. Avery , Ortolano Leonard , Ouyang Derek , Suckale Jenny
Published: August 2020

Flood-related traffic disruption is not limited to the areas of inundation but has regional, spatially extended impacts.
Detection and isolation of free cancer cells from ascites and peritoneal lavages using optically induced electrokinetics (OEK)
Authors: Zhang Yuzhao , Zhao Junhua , Yu Haibo , Li Pan , Liang Wenfeng , Liu Zhu , Lee Gwo-Bin , Liu Lianqing , Li Wen Jung , Wang Zhenning
Published: August 2020

Optoelectrokinetics chip improves efficiency and sensitivity of detecting peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.
Liquid repellency enhancement through flexible microstructures
Authors: Hu Songtao , Cao Xiaobao , Reddyhoff Tom , Puhan Debashis , Vladescu Sorin-Cristian , Wang Jing , Shi Xi , Peng Zhike , deMello Andrew J. , Dini Daniele
Published: August 2020

Spring-like flexible supports promote the liquid repellence of mushroom-like interfacial structures.