bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ YAŞAM BOYU ÖĞRENME EĞİLİMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ORAN Mehmet , ARIBAŞ Burak , IŞIKLI Mesut
Published: May 2020

Bu araştırma, Uşak Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören
Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerini cinsiyet,
sosyo-ekonomik düzey, yaşanılan yer, sınıf düzeyi değişkenleri bağlamında
ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 161 (kadın=95,
erkek=66) Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Ölçeği geliştiren
araştırmacı ölçeğin faktör analiz sonuçlarını göz önünde bulundurarak alt
boyutlarını dört faktörde toplamıştır. Birinci faktör yaşam boyu öğrenmede
motivasyon,  ikinci faktör sebat, üçüncü
faktör öğrenmeyi düzenlemede yoksunluk, dördüncü faktör ise merak yoksunluğudur.
Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler SPSS 21 istatistik programı ile analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri konusunda
Sosyal Bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının güdülenme, sebat, öğrenmeyi düzenleme ve
merak yoksunluğu eğilimlerinin cinsiyete göre farklılık gösterdiği, sınıf
düzeylerine ve gelir düzeylerine göre anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı
görülmüştür. Yaşanılan yere göre öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri
değerlendirildiğinde güdülenme, sebat ve merak yoksunluğu eğilimlerinde
farklılığın olmadığı,  öğrenmeyi
düzenleme boyutunda ise farklılığın olduğu görülmüştür.
Pelarangan Cantrang: Strategi Pengembangan Keberlanjutan Sumberdaya Ikan Di Teluk Lampung
Authors: Hardian Debi , Febryano Indra Gumay , Supono Supono , Damai Abdullah Aman , Winarno Gunardi Djoko
Published: May 2020

Cantrang merupakan alat tangkap ikan yang telah dilarang penggunaannya di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Kebijakan ini telah menimbulkan pro kontra dalam implementasinya dimasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis strategi pengembangan implementasi kebijakan pelarangan alat tangkap cantrang di Teluk Lampung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman menggunakan Analisis SWOT untuk strategi pengembangan implementasi kebijakannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan strategi yang terpilih adalah strategi yang memanfaatkan kekuatan dengan mengurangi ancaman yang ada. Strategi ini mendukung strategi diversifikasi melalui peningkatan kepatuhan nelayan dalam penggunaan alat tangkap ikan dan peningkatan lapangan kerja.
Is Clio Still Sexist?
Authors: Riley Glenda
Published: May 2020

Article published in Teaching History by Riley.
Book Reviews
Authors: Brewer Paul W. , McBride Paul W. , Melosi Martin V. , Nass David L. , King F. P. , King George D. , Burdick Frank , Calvert Robert A. , Allen Sally , Wilcox Larry D.
Published: May 2020

James M. Merrill. The USA: A Short History of the American Republic. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1975. Pp. vii, 380. $5.95. Review by Paul W. Brewer of the University of New Mexico. Stanley Feldstein and Lawrence Costello, eds., The Ordeal of Assimilation: A Documentary History of the White Working Class 1830's to the 1970's. Garden City: Anchor/Doubleday, 1974. 500 pp., Index. $4.95; Moses Rischin, ed., Immigration and the American Tradition. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1976. 456 pp., Index. $7.50. Review of Paul W. McBride of Ithaca College. David M. Chalmers. Neither Socialism nor Monopoly: Theodore Roosevelt and the Decision to Regulate the Railroads. (The America's Alternatives Series.) Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1976. Pp. x, 121. $3.25. Review by Martin V. Melosi of Texas A&M University. David E. Kyvig, ed. FDR's America. St. Charles, Missouri: Forum Press, 1976. 183 pp., bibliography. $5.95; H. Rogert Grant and L. Edward Purcell, eds. Years of Struggle: The Farm Diary of Elmer G. Powers, 1931-1936. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, 1976. 139 pp. $6.95. Review by David L. Nass of Southwest Minnesota State University. Stephen E. Ambrose. Rise to Globalism: American Foreign Policy, 1938-1976. Revised Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1976. Pp. 390. $3.95. Review by F. P. King of Metropolitan State College. Alton Hornsby, Jr. The Black Almanac: From Involuntary Servitude (1619-1860) to the Age of Disillusionment (1964-1974). Woodbury, NY: Barron, 1975. 241 pp. $2.95. Review by George D. King of the University of Minnesota. Richard O. Davies. The Age of Asphalt: The Automobile, the Freeway, and the Condition of Metropolitan America. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1975. Pp. xii, 139. $3.25. Review by Frank Burdick of the State University of New York, College at Cortland. Charles R. Poinsatte and Bernard Norling. Understanding History Through the American Experience. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1976. Pp. X, 214. $3.95. Review by Robert A. Calvert of Texas A&M University. Ronald J. Grele, ed. Envelopes of Sound: Six Practitioners Discuss the Method, Theory and Practice of Oral History and Oral Testimony. Chicago: Precendent Publishing, Inc., 1975. 154 pp. + two 1-hour cassette tapes. Book, $7.50; cassettes $13.95. Review by Sally Allen of Hampshire College. Boris Nicolaievsky and Otto Maenchen-Helfen. Karl Marx: Man and Fighter. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1976. Pp. xii, 492. $4.95. Review by Larry D. Wilcox of the University of Toledo.
Perancangan Modul Trainer Interface Mikrokontroler Berbasis ESP32 Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Mata Kuliah Embedded System
Authors: Rafika Ageng Setiani , Febriyanto Erick , Safriyati Evi
Published: May 2020

Mata kuliah embeded system pada jurusan teknik informatika terdapat  materi yang diajarkan berupa teknik interfacing mikrokontroler yang menggunakan tiga jenis protokol interface pada mikrokontroler komunikasi mikrokontroler peripheral yang dapat diprogram, dan di desain khusus untuk embedded system. Proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah ini yaitu dosen menyampaikan teori-teori dan konsep interface mikrokontroler dengan mengilustrasikan konsep nya hanya pada papan tulis. Tentunya bagi sebagian mahasiswa yang belum mengerti konsep mikrokontroler akan sulit memahami materi yang diajarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perancangan kemudian metode observasi dan pengamatan mengenai proses pembelajaran pada mata kuliah interfacing serta mewawancarai beberapa mahasiswa mengenai pemahamannya pada materi yang diajarkan. Trainer ini nantinya akan digunakan sebagai alat praktikum mahasiswa untuk menerapkan materi interfacing pada mikrokontroler berbasis Internet of Things beserta komponen-komponennya secara langsung beserta teknik memprogramnya sehingga mahasiswa yang menggunakan trainer ini pada mata kuliah interfacing akan mendapatkan pemahaman secara teori maupun penerapannya pada mikrokontroler
快速变革背景下中心区城市设计编制研究
Authors: 尹 晓水 , 吴 霜
Published: May 2020

全球一体化背景下，城市中心区作为发展要素高度集聚的区域，在国家中心城市、国家级新区等战略催化下，其发展目标、空间结构、功能业态不断面临着更新与调整，处于时空非稳态状态。在当前存量更新语境下，中心区的建设更新存在着双重诉求：通过建设来为城市发展提供动力，提高城市综合竞争力的同时，也要着力于缝合、织补之前快速建设时期遗留的城市公共脉络割裂的问题，即未来的开拓与过去的修补相结合。文章针对快速变革下的城市中心区域，以城市多系统特征的视角切入，探讨存量更新时代背景下，城市中心区建设更新的目标、方法与路径，并以重庆市弹子石CBD城市设计实践为例进行阐述。
规划环境影响评价及城市规划的应对
Authors: 杜 守华
Published: May 2020

在最近的几年时间里，社会的快速发展带动了人们思想意识的进步，使得人们对人类社会与生态环境和谐发展越发的重视，再加上建筑行业的发展壮大，人们开始逐渐的意识到了单一的针对环境影响进行评价并不能满足人类社会和谐发展的需要，所以需要增强规划环境影响评价与城市规划的应对力度，才能保证人类社会能够持续良好发展。当下，世界很多国家都在环境影响分析方面投入了较多的人力物力，希望可以借助有效的方法尽可能的控制对环境造成不良影响，从根本上对建筑工程行业稳定发展创造良好基础。
An overview of Mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds
Authors: Hassan MZ , Rahman MM , Ali MZ , Yousuf MA , Akther S , Rahman MH , Islam MA , Hossen A
Published: May 2020

Mycotoxins contamination of animal feeds remains a great concern for animal feed safety, public health and economic significance. It may occur in various foods and feeds stuffs from agricultural commodities to finished foods and feeds of animal. Hot, humid weather and late harvesting of grains favored the mold and fungal growth in cereal crops. There are around 400 types of mycotoxins in which aflatoxin, deoxyinalenol (vomitoxin), fumonisin, zearalenone and ochratoxins are important for animal and human foods. However, presence of mold or fungi in the grains does not mean that mycotoxins are present in feeds or foods. The acceptable level of aflatoxins, deoxyinalenol (vomitoxin), fumonisin, zearalenone and ochratoxins are in livestock feeds are 20 ppb, 10 ppm, 5 ppm and 3-10 ppm and 3-20 (μg/kg) respectively. Mycotoxins can be found in contaminated cereal grains, straw and silage. The most detrimental effects of mycotoxins are hepatic, digestive, immunological, reproductive disorders, teratogenicity, nephrotoxicity, edema and carcinogenicity etc. of animal and human being. Adsorbents and activated charcoal in animal feeds bind the toxic substances. There are some regulations but not in all countries aimed to prevent and control mycotoxins in industrial processed foods and animal feeds but not in locally processed ones. A number of strategies in some countries for preventing mycotoxins have been mobilized but the awareness for implementation is very weak. Mass media can play an important role to build awareness to mycotoxin.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 1-9, 2018
Phenotypic characteristics of three indigenous chicken genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Monira KN , Hussain SS
Published: May 2020

Poultry contributes the largest parts of animal-source foods. The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has estimated that by year 2015, poultry will account for 40% of all animal protein. Indigenous chicken have a capacity to resist disease, able to utilize low quality feeds and their products are preferred by consumers. Their views were collected to indigenous chicken production scenarios and their characteristics and to synthesize the information for gathering knowledge. The review areas were all over Bangladesh but our studied areas were Baraigram, Natore; Sarail, Brahmonbaria and Bandarban Hill tract and genotypes were Indigenous, Aseel and Hilly chicken. The production or management system was backyard scavenging and semi-scavenging type for Indigenous, Hilly and Aseel female chicken but for Aseel male it is used intensive system for breeding program; which was characterized by small flock size.The average number of chicken per house-hold was almost same in Baigram and Sarail (7.93±4.46 and 7.69± 2.75); but lower in Bandarban Hill district (5.11± 1.78). Indigenous, Aseel and Hilly chickens have a large morphological variation. The percent of plumage color of Indigenous chicken was 35% black brownish, 30% brown with black strip, completely black 30% and golden red 5%; in Aseel chicken was as 45% golden red, 30% black brownish, completely black 25% and in Hilly chickens have 50% black brownish, 45% brown with black strip and 5% black plumage color. 90% of indigenous chicken have yellow shank while 10% black shank. All the Aseel chickens have yellow shank. The shank color of Hilly chicken was as 50% yellow, 39% white and 11% black. The study revealed that indigenous chicken and Hilly chicken laid mainly white colored eggs and Aseel chickens laid mainly light brown egg. Feeds were not usually supplemented in all three genotypes reared under scavenging system. Chickens pick up grains such as rice, vegetables, green grass, insect, earthworm etc. from the yard, as chickens have reared under scavenging system. Different types of housing were used for chickens in the selected sites. Approximately 30%, 40% and 60% of farmers kept chickens in their living houses in cases of Indigenous chickens, Aseel and Hilly chicken, respectively. No farmer used artificial lighting for the chickens. So, the study was performed to review indigenous chicken production scenarios may serve as an important base of Ph.D research and may help to take proper planned to conserve of these three genotypes.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 10-23, 2018
The past and present scenario of avian influenza and its control strategy in Bangladesh: A review
Authors: Giasuddin M , Ali MZ , Karim MR , Hassan MZ , Hasan M , Islam E
Published: May 2020

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pandemic thread and this year 2018 is passing the century of Spanish flu (H1N1) of 1918 when the world approximately 50 million human deaths occurred worldwide. About 1.7 million peoples become died in over Asia from 1957 to till now by the name of Asian flu (H2N2) at 1957 and Hong Kong flu (H3N2) at 1968. In Bangladesh, since first identification of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) at 2007 poultry industry faces outbreaks at a significant level in every year although human infection is uncommon. The infections spreading among all major avian species like chicken, duck, turkey, quail. On the other hand it is reported that the infection is spreading among wild birds like house crow, migratory birds and wild animals also. During first isolation the virus were in clade 2.2.2 but after several mutations over 11 years now it becomes under clade 2.3.2.1a and circulating in environment. Government of Bangladesh decided to vaccinate against AIV in 2012 with two killed and one vector vaccine to combat the AIV that brings a satisfactory result. But from the couples of years again the incidence of AIV becomes very high and ongoing researches like sink surveillance shows 50-90% live bird markets of Dhaka and Chattagram districts are infected. To combat the AIV it is recommended that farms should have to ensure the good quality vaccine with good farm biosecurity practice along with conventional stamping out program.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 24-28, 2018
A study on prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasitic infection of cattle at Savar, Dhaka
Authors: Hassan MZ , Rahman MM , Ali MZ , Yousuf MA , Hasan M , Akther S , Rahman MH , Islam MA , Hossen A , Mondal MFR
Published: May 2020

A prevalence study was conducted to observe both ecto-and endo-parasitic (gastrointestinal) infection throughout one year surveillance. The study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 through Parasitology Laboratory, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka. The study considered age of cattle, season and type of parasitic infestation. In the study area total number of cattle population was 2000 in which 500 fecal and 200 ectoparasitic samples was collected considering three respective seasons like rainy, summer and winter. The fecal samples were examined by direct smear method followed by McMaster counting techniques and examine under microscope. After collection of samples within 24 hours all sample were tested by preserving at 40C temperature. In clinical observation, the overall prevalence of endoparasitic (gastrointestinal) infection was 68% and ectoparasitic infection was 60%. Prevalence of endoparasite was more frequent in rainy season (52.65%) followed by summer (27.05%) and winter season (20.29%) whereas prevalence of ectoparasite was more frequent in summer (39%) followed by rainy (13.5%) and winter (7.5%) season. The parasitic prevalence load was low in winter season. In endoparasitic infection, the higher prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (20%) was found in rainy season whereas Haemonchus spp. (14%) and Toxocara spp. (12%) were higher in summer. In cattle, prevalence of Paramphistomum spp. (25.14%) and Haemonchus spp. (18.58%) was higher in adult cattle (above 6 months), whereas prevalence of Toxocara spp. (36.67%) and Coccidial oocyst (23.33%) was higher in calf (under 6 month) than adult animal (above 6 months) of age. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite was 60% and tick infestation was highest (22.5%) followed by lice (17.5%), mange (12.5%) and maggot fly (7.5%). High humidity (above 70%) and temperature provoke high endo- and ecto-parasite infection in the environment and infect cattle as well as other livestock species.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 29-35, 2018
A study on the anti-allergic effects of the native probiotic isolates on β-histine hydrochloride induced mice model
Authors: Hossain KM , Rahman A , Rahman SMM , Jalil MA
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to screen anti-allergic effect of native probiotics isolated from yoghurt. The probiotic bacteria were isolated from the yoghurt sample collected from seven Divisions of Bangladesh. The isolated probiotic bacteria were then subjected to morphological and biochemical tests. These morphological and biochemical tests allowed us to ensure that the isolated bacteria were the probiotic type. Then animal trial was conducted using these probiotic isolates. In this study, mice were used as the animal model. At the end of the trial, the blood samples isolated from different mice groups were analyzed. It was observed that, the probiotic isolates had significant effect (p<0.05) on the IgE level of the mice used in this experiment. The IgE levels of treatment group 1, treatment group 2 and treatment group 3 were found (9.89±0.2 IU/ml), (5.88±0.14 IU/ml) and (3.14±0.11 IU/ml), respectively. However, probiotic isolates had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the eosinophil count and peripheral lymphocyte count of the mice used this experiment. It is recommended that, probiotic yoghurt may be used for allergic patients to cure allergic reaction

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 36-44, 2018
A study on value added dairy products and availability of milk, meat and egg at consumers’ level in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin MT , Islam MM , Nasrin M
Published: May 2020

The goal of the study was to analyze the different actors involved in the dairy products value chain with their value addition activities and estimate the demand for livestock products through measuring the availability of milk, meat and egg at individual level. With this goal, the study was conducted in four districts namely Sirajganj, Bogra, Rangpur and Narsingdi which were selected purposively for this study based on concentration of dairy farming and the presence of dairy processing plants/companies. The simple random sampling technique was followed to select a total of 240 from six types of stakeholders/ actors i.e., input suppliers, dairy farmers, milk traders, processing plants/companies including their branches/agents, credit organizations and service providers, and consumers of livestock products. Data and information were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, mathematical techniques, enterprise analysis, SWOT analysis and value chain analysis followed by graphical presentation. Cost of milk per litre was highest in Narsingdi (Tk. 25.33) and lowest in Sirajganj (Tk. 19.66). Dairy farmers in Narshingdi derived highest net return per cow per day (Tk. 109.48). Investment in dairy farming was highly profitable since BCR per day per cow in all the districts were more than one. Collection point/processing plants added highest value (35.5%) to a product followed by farmers (25.2%), milk traders (28.3%) and retailers (11.0%). The availability of milk, meat and egg was higher in all the study areas than the national average. The impact of price and income on quantity demand was statistically significant for all the products. The demand for milk and egg was price elastic whereas demand for meat was price inelastic. On the other hand, the demand for livestock products was found as income inelastic. However, in spite of various problems and threats, there is a great export potential for value added dairy products along with satisfying the unmet consumer demand in the domestic market for such products.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 45-55, 2018
Comparative Study on existing livestock production scenario in some selected areas of Sylhet region in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun R , Ahmed S , Hasan MA , Uddin ASM Ashab , Uddin MJ , Alam MA
Published: May 2020

The study was designed to know the existing stocks under subsistence farming conditions to a specific area in Sylhet districts. Keeping this mind Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute initiated a baseline survey, awareness build-up through training programme and proper technical advisory services during July 2015 to June 2016 in Jaintapur and Balaganj upazilas under Sylhet district. For doing this, a total 200 respondents from two upazilas were randomly selected and interviewed face to face interview of every family in the village through pre-tested questionnaire for collection of information. A focus group discussion was also carried out to supplement the surveyed covering to assess the household asset possession, existing livestock production potentiality, available feed resources and disease prevalence situation as well as to find out the constraints prevailed at farmers level. After completing the base line survey, one hundred beneficiaries were selected randomly from two upazillas (50 from each upazilla) and were given training and demonstration of farm management activities and side by side proper technical advisory services also for creating awareness. The findings of baseline survey information indicated irrespective of the land, manpower, livestock resource and other input that are always being considered as social and economical up-liftman indicator for and specific area, the studied area is not exceptional. Any technology when introduce for specific area for specific purpose most of cases found remarkable improvement. So the scope and opportunity that is prevail in the studied area, being nourished through respective technological intervention for livestock development could be achieved. In this regard especially for livestock development, BLRI developed suitable technological intervention and awareness build-up programme is needed to a large area in different parts of the country to increase the overall existing livestock productivity to a great extent.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 56-64, 2018
Comparative study on production performances of the Japanese, White, Black and Brown quail at fifth generation
Authors: Faruque S , Bhuiyan AKFH , Rahman MOA , Sarker MSK , Sarker NR
Published: May 2020

Four quail genotypes namely Japanese (J), White (W), Black (Bl) and Brown (Br) quail are being maintaining at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute to develop meat type quail genotype. Studied fifth generation (G5) quails were hatched from 4th generation (G4) parents based on estimated breeding value for 5th week body weight. Standard management practices were followed during study period. Hatching eggs were collected from every single pen of the selected parent quails. A total of 1750 day-old chick comprising of J, W, Br and Bl were hatched in one batch. Collected data were analyzed in a CRD by General Linear Model (GLM) Univariate Procedure in SPSS Computer Program. Body weight of quails at 3rd, 4th, and 6th week of age were (p<0.001) influenced by genotype. The 6th week body weight was 126.51, 133.19, 130.80 and 115.40g, respectively for J, W, Br and Bl genotypes. Body weight was higher (p<0.001) in W and Br followed by Bl and J quail genotypes at different age. The hatchability rate was (p<0.001) higher in J (58.38%) compared to other three genotypes of W (50.30%), Br (47.79%) and Bl (46.45%), respectively. Chick mortality during 0 to 5 week age did not varied (χ2 = 2.19; p>0.05) among Bl (8.78%), J (6.66%), Br (6.31%) and W (5.36%) genotypes. Comparing the performances, W quail was superior for body weight and Bl quail for egg production.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 65-68, 2018
Effect of paddy-straw based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on milk yield, milk composition and rumen parameters in lactating Red Chittagong cows
Authors: Sarker NR , Yeasmin D , Tabassum F , Habib MA
Published: May 2020

This study was carried out for a period of 70 days to investigate the comparative advantages of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) over conventional feeding in Red Chittagong cows (RCC). 15 RCC milking cows were divided into 3 treatment groups in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Existing feeding was denoted as control group (T0). TMR made with 60% roughage and 40% concentrate in the forms of block (T1) and mash (T2) were provided to other treatment groups. DM and CP intake was significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 group. Body weight gains were not differed significantly, but better milk yield (p<0.001) and milk components were observed in TMR feeding groups. Except ADF, other nutrient digestibility in TMR group were significantly (p<0.05) better than T0. Total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-nitrogen (p<0.05) in TMR feeding groups were significantly higher than T0. Considering overall observation, TMR either in block or mash performed better than control.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 69-81, 2018
Effect of silage and soybean straw based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on the growth performances of growing bull calves
Authors: Sarker NR , Yeasmin D , Tabassum F , Habib MA
Published: May 2020

This study was undertaken to know the effect of silage and soybean straw based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on the growth performances of growing bull calves. 30 growing bull calves were divided into 5 treatment groups considering their initial body weight 111.30±6.67 to115.66±10.69 kg and age 24 to 26 months, respectively. Five types of TMR were prepared with different roughage and concentrate ratios (R: C) as T1=70:30, T2=60:40, T3=50:50, T4=40:60, T5=30:70. TMR intake, DM intake, CP intake of animals in T2 group was significantly (P<0.001) higher. Significantly higher (P<0.01) DM and CP digestibility were observed in T2. No significant differences observed for live weight gain. The ADG was slightly higher in T2 group (0.860 kg/day) but no significant differences were found among the treatments. Based on the results, it may be concluded that using a 60:40 (R: C) TMR can be formulated for fattening bulls for proper growth and maintenance.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 82-88, 2018
Effects of feeding probiotic Lactobacillus spp. on growth performances, scours and Escherichia coli shedding in dairy calves
Authors: Amanullah SM , Bateen R , Huque KS , Alam MR , Alam MS , Subarna RN , Hossain MM , Islam KMR
Published: May 2020

A feeding trial was conducted on 21 crossbred (Local×Friesian, Local×Sahiwal, Sahiwal×Friesian) calves of around one week age for a period of 70 days with the objective of evaluating effects of probiotic on growth performances of calves. Calves were selected and distributed equally into three groups maintaining equal sex ratio in each group, namely the farm practice (FP), control and probiotic groups. The calves were fed on milk as 12% of their live weight up to 14 days and then 10% milk of their live weight up to 70 days of age and wheat bran was supplied to the calves from 50th day at the rate of 250g/calf. The calves of probiotic group werefedaprobiotic mixture containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at 0.5 g /d. The data of feed intake and growth for all groups were recorded up to 35 days and then up to 70 days for probiotic and control groups. The calves under probiotic group were achieved 82.8% and 74.5% higher gain (P<0.05) than that of FP and control group, respectively and feed conversion ratio was observed significantly (P<0.05) better in probiotic group (1.83) than that in FP (3.41) and the control group (3.50) up to 35 days of trial. However, no significant differences were found in average live weight gain and feed conversion ratio between probiotic and the control groups (1.99 vs 2.07, respectively) up to 70 days of the trial. Average counts of E. coli were lower in probiotic group than that in the control and FP. The incidence of diarrhoea in probiotic fed group was found 3 and 13 times lower compared to FP and the control group, respectively.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 89-102, 2018
Existing dairy buffalo production system under intensive condition in drought prone Dinajpur district of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman SMR , Islam MN , Rashid MH , Sarker NR , Siddiki MSR , Islam MA
Published: May 2020

An attempt was made to study the existing production and management system under intensive buffalo farming at Dinajpur district, a drought area of Bangladesh. Thirty two farmers were selected for this study. Direct interview with farmers, farm observation, community discussions and key informant interview (KII) were carried out to achieve the study. Two types of intensive system were found, namely – household yard (HYI) and completely intensive (CI). It was observed that in HYI system during the day time the animals were kept in yard and in confinement at night. On the contrary, animals were always remained in the shed under CI system. Feeding practice and utilization of feed resources were found different in HYI and CI farming. Showering of dairy buffaloes was observed as common practices in both production systems. All productive e.g. milk yield, lactation yield, lactation length and dry period and reproductive traits e.g. service per conception, age at first pregnancy, age at first calving and post/partum heat period under CI production system were found significantly (p≤0.05) better than that of the HYI systems. Significantly (p≤0.05) higher total solids and fat were found in milk from CI system compared to the HYI system, but in case of protein it was opposite. Natural breeding showed as more prominent practice than that of the artificial insemination in both farming systems. All the farmers practiced colostrum feeding and the calf mortality ranges from 7-8%. Regarding the primary health care, CI farmers were found to be more attentive than the HYI farmers. Most of the buffaloes showed heat from early night to early morning (78.7%). Problem matrix revealed that the top ranked order of problems were “inadequate knowledge”, “high price of feed” and “low milk price”. However, both systems were found as a profitable venture (benefit cost ratio1.33 in HYI and 1.25 in CI).

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 103-117, 2018
Impact of goat population management strategies on goat meat production in Bangladesh
Authors: Yasmin F , Huque KS , Chowdhury SA , Miyan MAH
Published: May 2020

To increase goat-meat production, this study has been aimed to evaluate goat-meat production potentiality using different management strategies of goat-population rather than goat-meat productivity management in Bangladesh. Simulation Matrix (SIMM) model was used under three scenarios of goat-population management strategies such as Scenario1(Base rate): 2 kids/year production with 30% kid mortality, Scenario 2: Production of 6 kids/year with 30% kid mortality and Scenario 3: Production of 6 kids/year with 10% kid mortality to analyze their impact on goat-meat production in Bangladesh. Results showed on average only 270.09 thousand ton /year of goat-meat can produce at the existing rate (2 kids Production/year with 30% kid mortality). If it is possible to increase kid production up to 6 then can produce on average 23714.4 thousand ton/year of goat-meat. Further, it is possible to reduce the kid mortality rate up to 10%, goat-meat is the highest 932430.0 thousand ton/year. Result indicated a great positive impact of goat-population management strategies on goat-meat production. Therefore, 10% kid mortality rate with 6 kids/year production of goat-population management could be suitable management or best strategy for higher goat-meat production in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 118-126, 2018
In vitro production of zygote from slaughterhouse driven buffalo oocyte
Authors: Deb GK , Miraz MFH , Hossain SMJ , Afroz MF , Kabir MA , Akhter S
Published: May 2020

Buffalo is a highly potential animal species in terms of milk and meat production but traditionally they are regarded as poor breeder. In vitro embryos production technology has been introduced in many countries to improve reproductive efficiency of buffalo. Considering the above fact, the present study was undertaken aiming to produce in vitro buffalo embryo in the laboratory. Ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes were collected from abattoir and transported to the laboratory within 4 to 5 hr of slaughter. Cumulusoocyte- complexes (COCs) possessing an even cytoplasm and covered with minimum 3 layers of compact cumulus cells was selected for in vitro maturation (IVM) for 24 hr (5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C with maximum humidity). After IVM, the presumptive matured COCs were co-cultured with capacitated fresh spermatozoa for 18 hr After IVF, the presumptive zygote were denuded, washed and transferred in to in vitro culture medium (IVC 1) for 3 days. After three days cleavage were recorded and 4 cell embryos were transferred in to in vitro culture media II for next 2 days. The development of embryos was evaluated on day 6. A total of 227 buffalo ovaries were collected from the slaughterhouse and categorized into 2 groups based on presence (n=83) or absence (n=144) of corpus luteum (CL). A total of 1464 follicles were counted on the ovarian surface, 1066 being from CL absent and 398 from CL-containing ovaries. A significantly higher (P<0.01) number of follicles, aspirated follicles, normal COCs and total COCs (7.4 ± 0.21, 5 ± 0.00, 1.98 ± 0.77 and 2.98 ± 0.16 respectively) were observed in CL-absent ovaries than those aspirated from CL-containing ovaries (4.80 ± 0.17, 3.92 ± 0.95, 0.88 ± 0.60 and 1.88 ± 0.16 respectively). Total 358 normal COCs were set for in vitro maturation and underwent for IVF and IVC. Results showed that cleavage rates were 56.42%. Among the cleaved embryos, 137 were at 2-cell stage and 65 were at 4-cell stage. Therefore, development rate to 2 cell and 4-cell stage was 38.27% and 18.15% respectively. No embryo developed beyond 4-cell stage. This result indicates that follicle and oocyte numbers and oocyte quality are associated with CL of ovaries and current culture system support in vitro embryo production upto 4-cell stage. The in vitro culture condition may be improved for increasing efficiency of embryo production.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 127-132, 2018
Income status of different fodder farmers in selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam S , Begum J , Sarker NR , Khatun M
Published: May 2020

Producing and trading of green fodder are recognised as a profitable venture in many parts of the country, but data and information in this aspect are very scanty. The study determined the income coefficient of fodder farm households to study the fodder marketing and processing in different locations, and highlighted farmers problems related to fodder marketing and processing. In this regard, four study areas were selected from four districts viz: Dinajpur, Jessore, Kurigram and Rangpur purposively considering the concentration of fodder production and marketing. A purposive sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the field. In the study 3 categories of sample farmers were selected namely: i) Fodder Producer cum seller; ii) Fodder Producer cum Dairy owner having 1-2 dairy cows as small, 3-4 dairy cows as medium and 5 and above dairy cows as large farmer and iii) Fodder Middlemen. A total of 200 fodder farmers were interviewed. Field survey method and focus group discussions were followed to collect necessary data and information. Descriptive statistics and Cobb Douglas type revenue function were applied to meet the objectives and to get the desirable outputs. Functional analysis revealed that fodder sale and livestock rearing and fodder business significantly contributed to the household income of the fodder farmers and middlemen. The dairy farmers having 1-2, 3-4 and 4-5 cross-bred dairy cattle earned Tk. 1,20,227, Tk. 1,91,728 and Tk. 4,17,287, respectively, whereas local cattle earned Tk. 33, 658, Tk. 51,601 and Tk. 1,13,558, respectively from milk sell annually. It was found that fodder middlemen’s income from fodder business highest in Kurigram district and lowest in Jessore district. Fodder processing was not happened in the study areas. Main marketing channels were: (i) Producer cum seller-Dairy owner and (ii) Producer cum seller-Fodder Middlemen-Dairy owner. Fodder farmers faced various socioeconomic problems during its processing and marketing. The major problems were the lack of HYV fodder species, lack of knowledge, lack of input facilities, and lack of marketing facilities. The government should provide HYV fodder, cultivation training, preservation technique, and organized market to the fodder farmers in the study areas.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 133-141, 2018
Isolation and biochemical characterization of probiotic bacteria obtained from yogurt samples of Rajshahi and Chittagong divisions of Bangladesh and their antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens
Authors: Hossain KM , Barai P , Rahman SMM , Mazid MF Al , Gazi MS , Jalil MA
Published: May 2020

Probiotics are generally live microorganisms which exert beneficial effects on human and animal health by improving the gastrointestinal microflora. Isolation and proper identification of probiotic bacteria are very much important for safe use in food and feed industry. With this perceptive, the aim of the present study was the isolation of probiotic bacteria and their biochemical characterization. In this study, ten probiotic Lactobacillus spp. was isolated and according to their morphological, physiological and biochemical assay, it was observed that all the isolated bacteria were rod shaped, gram positive, catalase negative, non-motile and coagulase positive which are an indicator of typical probiotic bacteria. Carbohydrate fermentation pattern and growth against inhibitory substances viz. pH 3.0, 0.3% bile, 0.1-0.4% phenol and 1-6% NaCl ensured the criteria for identification of the probiotic bacteria. All the isolated bacteria showed excellent growth against low pH (3.0) and bile (0.3%) in a 24 hour period of time. Isolated bacteria were tested for their antimicrobial activity against eight human and animal enteric pathogens and showed promising antimicrobial efficacy against the selective pathogens. Further research regarding, molecular characterization and identification of specific genes and proteins of interest through technological intervention may help to develop next generation bacteriocins and industrially important drug for human and animals.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 142-152, 2018
Performance study of Non-descript, Hilly and Naked Neck indigenous chicken at fifth generation
Authors: Faruque S , Bhuiyan AKFM , Rahman MOA , Sarker MSK , Sarker NR
Published: May 2020

The present study was conducted at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka to assess the performances of three Indigenous Chicken genotypes under intensive management. A total of 1128-day-old chicks comprising of 3 types of chicken namely Naked Neck (NN), Hilly (H) and Non-descript Deshi (ND) were hatched in one batch for this study. Significant (p<0.001) body weight differences among the genotypes were observed at 12th and 16th weeks of age, with the highest body weight observed for H genotype (1250.71±27.71, and 1502.54±36.81g) among the other two genotypes. NN genotype (2.85%) had significantly higher chick mortality than ND (0.68 %) and H (2.08 %) genotypes at 0-8 weeks of age. The age at first egg laid was significantly (p<0.001) affected by genotype. The age at which Indigenous Chickens start laying eggs ranged from 152.79 to 161.95 days. The Hen-day egg production (HDEP%) observed in the present study were affected significantly (p<0.001) by genotype. In this study, the average HDEP% of ND, H and NN were found to be 38.44±2.18, 30.43±2.10 and 41.95±2.11. Eight week body weight of males ND, H and NN birds were expected to increase by 64.7, 46.1 and 43.9g, respectively. While in females ND, H and NN birds, the expected responses were 21.5, 27.9 and 10.7g, respectively

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 153-158, 2018
Study of on-farm pre and post-natal feeding practices of Red Chittagong Cattle
Authors: Das NG , Sarker NR , Huque KS , Talukdar MAI
Published: May 2020

The study was conducted with the objective to investigate prenatal and postnatal performances of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) cows in subsistence feeding and nutrition compared to those in improved feeding system. Twenty RCC cows with average initial live weight of 204.6 (±29) kg at their 2nd or 3rd parity and at about seven months of pregnancy were divided into two equal groups and assigned to two dietary treatments: one group was fed as per farmers’ choice, while another was fed 25% higher metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) than requirements through concentrates, according to ARC (2009). Cows in farmers’ diet during last 50 days of pregnancy fed lower ME and CP (42.4 MJ and 445 g, respectively) than their daily requirements (43.5 MJ and 519 g, respectively), resulted in lower birth weight of calves compared to improved feeding (13.36 and 15.12 kg, respectively) where daily ME and CP intake was 57.77 MJ and 603 g. In first 60 days of lactation, cows under farmers’ diet fed required amount of ME and CP (44.83 MJ and 471g, respectively) compared to requirement (42 MJ and 388g, respectively). However, cows in improved diet fed 1.28 and 1.42 times higher ME and CP (52.92 MJ and 563 g) than requirements, and produced higher milk (1.97 and 2.50 L/d; P<0.05) and daily gain (122 and 274 g/d; P<0.01), compared to that of farmers’ diet cows. Therefore, it was concluded that diet of RCC cows in late pregnancy may be supplemented with CP in order to produce higher birth weight of calves. In case of lactating cows, a cost effective supplementation of concentrate mixture for increasing milk production and daily gain may be investigated by doing further research.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 159-167, 2018
Attitude and perception toward anthrax among cattle owners in selected rural communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Karim MR , Samad MA , Ali MZ , Rahman MH , Hassan MZ , Yousuf MA , Kabir MH , Swapnil AM , Giasuddin M
Published: May 2020

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by spore forming Bacillus anthracis. Throughout the world, it causes illness in livestock, wildlife and sometimes secondarily infects humans and causes a major public health threat. The study was conducted to assess cattle owners’ awareness, perceptions and attitudes toward anthrax. Data on awareness of anthrax, clinical signs of anthrax in animals and human, its routes of transmission and methods of prevention, the families’ consumption habits of anthrax-infected carcasses, and other family activities that increase exposure to anthrax were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Overall, the level of awareness amongst the farmers for anthrax was 71.5%. All of the farmers were aware that anthrax occurs in cattle, and 54% indicated the presence of unclotting blood oozing from natural orifices as a consistent finding in cattle that died of anthrax, whereas 71.2% of them indicated the presence of skin lesions as the most common sign of the disease in humans. The good efficacy of human anthrax treatment (62%), slaughter of moribund cattle and selling of meat from cattle found dead to unsuspecting consumers (68%), reluctance to lose animals (28%), and forgetting about anthrax (46.4%) were mentioned as the major reasons for consuming anthrax-infected carcasses. Of the respondents 79.2% of cattle owners indicated that they would not consume meat from cattle found dead, because they were discouraged by veterinary authorities, therefore introducing meat inspection services is likely to have a positive impact in preventing human anthrax outbreaks in selected areas of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 168-172, 2018

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Development of jute, cotton and sheep wool blended yarn using cotton spinning system
Authors: Hossain MT , Ershaduzzaman M , Jubayer MMU , Molla JB , Majumder MKH
Published: May 2020

A large number of farmers are rearing sheep in Bangladesh. Enormous quantity of local sheep wool are wasted due to lack of processing and proper applications. As the consciousness is growing for the use of natural fibre products, this wool can play a significant role. If proper processing technology can be employed in this sector, the natural fibre will be a good resource for us and will meet today’s necessity in all respects of life. Wool is normally collected from sheep by shearing in our country. A total of about 2.5 thousand metric tons of raw wool can be collected from local sheep every year. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to know the physico-mechanical properties of blended yarn. Wool and jute were treated with chemicals, washed, dried and opened to form spin able fibre. After that, jute, cotton and wool fibres were turned to blended yarn through cotton processing system. In results, it was observed that 30% wool, 30% jute and 40% cotton fibre 12s blended yarn used for blended yarn production. Therefore, Wool, jute and cotton blended yarn may be a new horizon for developing diversified products.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 173-177, 2018
Validation of non-electric chick brooding system in different areas of Bangladesh- A new device for rural poultry farmers
Authors: Rashid MA , Islam MS , Khatun H , Nessa K , Islam MN , Rahman MM
Published: May 2020

The experiment was conducted to validate an alternative chick brooding device developed for rural poultry farmers in 3 Technology Dissemination Area (TDA) of Poultry Technology Development and Dissemination Project (PTDDP) during winter. The device is a locally designed drum type non-electric chick brooder. A total of 8 poultry farmers in two groups (500 and 1000 chicks) used the specially designed brooder of different sizes. The size of the drum (Height, H- 40.64 × Diameter, D- 45.72) and (H-40.64 × D- 60.96) cm found suitable for 500 and 1000 chicks respectively. The diameter of the hover should double of diameter of the drum with 15 cm long down ward lid around the hover and two bottom outlets for each drum. Manufacturing cost and brooding cost were TK. 2250 and TK. 900 for 500 chicks and TK. 1750 and Tk.1350 for 1000 chicks respectively. The drum designed for 500 and 1000 chicks required 25 kg and 35 kg of saw dust in one time filling that could produce heat for 14 and 22 hours, respectively. Better growth performance as well as profitability was found in non-electric chick brooding groups than the brooding with electricity and diesel burner (locally known as Hericane). It may be concluded that the newly developed non electric chick brooding device could be suitable as an alternative chick brooding system for rural poultry farmers, especially in the areas where there is no electricity supply.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 178-182, 2018
Biometrical analysis of bovine female reproductive system
Authors: Deb GK , Dey SR , Alam MK , Sarker NR , Rahman MM , Nahar TN , Miraz MFH
Published: May 2020

This study was conducted to investigate basic biometric information on organs of female reproductive system of indigenous cows. Ovaries were grouped on the basis of corpus luteum (CL) and ovarian position in the tract. Visible follicles were counted and graded as small (<3.00mm), medium (3.0 to 8.0mm) and large (>8.0mm). Oocytes were recovered from all visible follicles and graded into four groups (grade 1 to 4). Results showed that the oviduct, horn, body of the uterus and cervix of cow’s reproductive system were longer and wider than heifers, respectively. Except length, the width and visible follicle numbers in the ovary did not vary with ovarian position or CL. Weight of left and right ovaries did not differ. Weight of ovary was increased (P>0.01) in presence of CL. Each ovary possessed 9.65±5.91visible follicles belonging to small (5.38±0.37), medium (3.57±0.23) and large (0.72±0.07) groups. Oocyte recovery rate was 62.16±1.46%. Among the recovered oocytes 52.01±1.63% were belonging to grade 1 and 2. This study provides baseline on biometry of female reproductive system along with follicular statistics of indigenous cows.

Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 1-7, Jan-Dec 2013