bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Febrile seizures lead to prolonged epileptiform activity and hyperoxia that when blocked prevents learning deficits
Authors: Harris Sydney A. , George Antis G. , Barrett Karlene T. , Scantlebury Morris H. , Teskey G. Campbell
Published: July 2022

Objective

In adult brain tissue, oxygen levels typically remain in the normoxic zone, but status epilepticus results in hyperoxia, whereas brief self‐terminating seizures lead to postictal hypoxia. The dynamic changes in oxygen levels and the underlying mechanisms are unknown in juveniles with febrile seizures.

Methods

Eight‐day‐old female and male rat pups were implanted with an electrode and oxygen‐sensing optode in the hippocampus and then received once daily injections of lipopolysaccharide for 4 days to induce an immune response. Local partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and local field potentials were recorded before, during, and after a heat‐induced febrile seizure. Separate groups of pups received injections of vehicle or drugs targeting cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1, COX‐2, L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) receptors prior to febrile seizure induction to determine pO2 mechanisms. Following febrile seizures, a subset of pups were raised to young adulthood and then tested for learning impairments using the novel object recognition task.

Results

Febrile seizures resulted in predictable oxygen dynamics that were related to behavioral seizures and epileptiform activity. During a behavioral seizure, pO2 rapidly increased, rapidly decreased, and then returned to near baseline. When the behavioral seizure terminated, oxygen levels climbed into the hyperoxic zone during a time of prolonged epileptiform activity. When epileptiform activity terminated, oxygen levels slowly returned to baseline. A COX‐1 antagonist prevented hyperoxia, whereas a COX‐2 antagonist did not. An LTCC antagonist exacerbated hyperoxia. Boosting levels of an endocannabinoid also exacerbated hyperoxia, whereas blocking CB1 receptors and TRPV1 receptors reduced hyperoxia. Inhibiting TRPV1 receptors during a febrile seizure prevented learning deficits in young adult female rats.

Significance

Brain oxygenation during and following a febrile seizure has a distinct pattern and multiple mechanisms. Brain oxygen dynamics may be an important consideration in the development of treatments for febrile seizures.
Malignancy risk ofnon‐biologicimmunosuppressive therapies: A review of the literature withevidence‐basedtreatment recommendations
Authors: Scott Stratman , Shireen Golpanian Rachel , Rachel Fayne , Kirsner Robert S. , Maderal Andrea D.
Published: July 2022

Non‐biologic immunosuppressive therapies are a mainstay in the treatment of various dermatologic conditions. However, the use of these therapies has been scrutinized for potentially increasing risk of haematologic or solid‐organ malignancies. Currently, there are no evidence‐based guidelines stratifying the risk of malignancy in patients receiving these immunosuppressive agents for the treatment of dermatologic disease. In our review, we evaluate the risk of solid organ and haematologic malignancies in patients receiving non‐biologic immunosuppressant therapy for dermatologic indications. A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE. Search terms included commonly prescribed non‐biologic immunosuppressants and common dermatologic conditions for which non‐biologic immunosuppressants are typically prescribed. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were used for guidelines. All immunosuppressants evaluated, with the exception of cyclophosphamide, demonstrated low solid‐organ or haematologic malignancy potential. Co‐morbidities may play a role in malignancy risk in the context of immunosuppressant treatment, including autoimmune disease, which have been associated with increased risk of malignancy and confound overall risk. Duration and/or dosage of treatment may influence this risk as well. Limitations of the review include that the majority of studies were of small sample size, retrospective in nature, and there was lack of direct comparison trials.
San Antonio Water System, Texas Carrizo Aquifer Storage Recovery Program
Authors: Snyder Grant L. , Pyne R. David G. , Morrison Kevin , Nixon Kirk
Published: July 2022

San Antonio Water System (SAWS) developed its Aquifer Storage Recovery (ASR) program in the Carrizo aquifer to provide potable water supply reliability for San Antonio during droughts while protecting natural ecosystems and threatened and endangered species at Comal Springs and San Marcos Springs and augmenting downstream flows in the San Antonio River and estuarine ecosystems. It enables SAWS to completely optimize use of its Edwards Aquifer Withdrawal Permit with no wasted water, leveling out seasonal demand stresses on the Edwards aquifer. The SAWS Carrizo ASR wellfield recovery hydraulic capacity was designed to provide 64 million gallons per day (MGD) (0.24 Mm3/D). However, as built, the briefly tested recovery capacity, in practice, is approximately 80 MGD (Kirk Nixon and Kevin Morrison, verbal communication, 2022). Almost 200,000 acre feet (AF) (247 Mm3) of drinking water have been stored to date. The water recovered from storage requires only re‐disinfection prior to transmission and distribution to customers. During the period 2011 to 2014, a drought of near record intensity required SAWS to recover a total volume exceeding 50,000 AF (61.7 Mm3) over the 4‐year period. The ASR wellfield area and H2Oaks treatment facility serve as a central location for integration of two other long‐term water supply strategies including desalination of brackish groundwater from the underlying Wilcox aquifer and groundwater production from the local Carrizo aquifer. Several lessons have been learned during 18 years of ASR operation, as addressed in this article.
A qualitative evaluation of bystander training: What works?
Authors: Roberts Nicola , Marsh Heaven
Published: July 2022

Research shows that bystander training has the potential to reduce violence and abuse. It is not clear how and why the training works. We evaluated bystander training to find out what works. We found that interactive techniques, such as group discussions, ‘the video’, and the use of real‐world examples were the best ways of delivering the training because they stood out and were remembered by participants. These findings add to the paucity of research on what works in bystander training, and in doing so, raises implications for the design and delivery of future training.
Molecular evidence for introgressive hybridization in New Zealand masked gulls
Authors: Given Andrew D. , Mills James A. , Momigliano Paolo , Baker Allan J.
Published: July 2022

We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate the extent and outcome of hybridization between the Black‐billed GullChroicocephalus bulleriand the Red‐billed GullChroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinusin New Zealand. Six of 26 sampled Black‐billed Gulls possessed mtDNA typical of Red‐billed Gulls, but allele frequencies at six polymorphic microsatellites provided little evidence of mixed ancestry expected in very recent hybrids. None of the Red‐billed Gulls sampled from different colonies possessed Black‐billed Gull mtDNA expected in the reciprocal cross, suggesting that hybridization in the two species typically occurs between female Red‐billed Gulls and Black‐billed Gull males. The lack of any hybrid signal in the nuclear loci indicates that there has been extensive backcrossing with Black‐billed Gulls, effectively diluting the Red‐billed Gull nuclear DNA contribution. Divergence of Red‐billed Gulls and Black‐billed Gulls occurred approximately 250 000 years ago, indicating that unsorted ancestral polymorphism is an unlikely alternative to hybridization. Comparing demographic models within an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, we confirm that the observed patterns cannot result from incomplete lineage sorting. Using an ABC random forest approach, we determined that the most likely model explaining the data is a recent introgression scenario, whereby unidirectional gene flow is re‐established following a period of strict isolation. The ability of Black‐billed and Red‐billed Gulls to successfully interbreed shows that despite significant differentiation (FST > 0.3), there has been insufficient time for the two species to develop complete reproductive isolation. The apparent one‐way transfer of Red‐billed Gull mtDNA into Black‐billed Gulls and extensive backcrossing argues against cytoplasmic–nuclear genome incompatibilities between the two species. We hypothesize that the specific mate recognition system cued on colours of soft parts normally functions to prevent hybridization, but that it can break down under demographic conditions where there is a shortage of available mates and a surplus of females in the Red‐billed Gull population. The high incidence of introgression in Black‐billed Gulls conflicts with field observations that interbreeding is extremely rare.
Psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Ariyavutikul Wilai , Jirarattanasopha Varangkanar , Duangthip Duangporn , Gao Sherry Shiqian
Published: July 2022

Background

As caries prevalence in Thai preschool children is very high and its consequences have scarcely been evaluated, the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5‐year‐old children (SOHO‐5) is considered as an appropriate tool to measure the children's oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Aim

To translate the SOHO‐5 into Thai (Th‐SOHO‐5) and assess its psychometric characteristics.

Design

The cross‐cultural adaptation of the SOHO‐5 into Thai comprised forward–backward translation by experts and face validation by 20 child–parent dyads. To evaluate psychometric properties of the final version, a cross‐sectional study was conducted on 306 child–parent pairs using an interview mode for children and a self‐administered mode for parents. A trained investigator examined children's caries status.

Results

The Th‐SOHO‐5 showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics. Cronbach's alpha values were above 0.8 for both child and proxy reports. Overall intraclass correlation coefficients were > 0.9. Factor analysis supported a single‐factor structure model of the Th‐SOHO‐5 and showed an excellent fit. Th‐SOHO‐5 scores were correlated with all global rating scales of oral health and well‐being. Children with higher caries experience or caries with pulpal involvement demonstrated significantly higher Th‐SOHO‐5 scores.

Conclusion

The Th‐SOHO‐5 possessed good reliability and validity. It can be used to evaluate the OHRQoL of preschool children in Thailand.
On modeling ambiguity through entropy
Authors: Aggarwal Manish , Hanmandlu Madasu
Published: July 2022

First, a concept of ambiguity function is devised as an analogue of membership function, which directly and intuitively represents the ambiguity as perceived by the agent corresponding to a membership function. The ambiguity function is then deployed to develop an adaptive fuzzy entropy function that gives the overall fuzzy entropy of a fuzzy system as perceived by the agent. The proposed function considers also the agent's specific attitude as well as the given context (e.g., collection of the membership grades with respect to an attribute/criterion or property), both of which inevitably shape our perception of uncertainty. The usefulness of the proposed fuzzy entropy function is shown in multicriteria decision aiding in identifying those criteria that are most effective in distinguishing among the alternatives.
The efficacy of low‐frequency ultrasound as an added treatment for chronic wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Haiting , Yu Zhenxing , Liu Ning , Huang Jianbin , Liang Xia , Liang Xiaoling , Liang Meixia , Li Minghui , Ni Jiang
Published: July 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of low‐frequency ultrasound as an added treatment for chronic wounds. A systematic literature search up to May 2022 was performed and 838 subjects with chronic wounds at the baseline of the studies; 412 of them were using the low‐frequency ultrasound (225 low‐frequency high‐intensity contact ultrasound for diabetic foot wound ulcers, and 187 low‐frequency low‐intensity non‐contact ultrasound for a venous leg wound ulcers), and 426 were using standard care (233 sharp debridements for diabetic foot wound ulcers and 193 sham treatments for venous leg wound ulcers). Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of low‐frequency ultrasound as an added treatment for chronic wounds using the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed‐effect model. The low‐frequency high‐intensity contact ultrasound for diabetic foot wound ulcers had significantly lower non‐healed diabetic foot wound ulcers at ≥3 months (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.56, P < .001), a higher percentage of diabetic foot wound ulcers area reduction (MD, 17.18; 95% CI, 6.62‐27.85, P = .002) compared with sharp debridement for diabetic foot wound ulcers. The low‐frequency low‐intensity non‐contact ultrasound for a venous leg wound ulcers had a significantly lower non‐healed venous leg wound ulcers at ≥3 months (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.62, P = .001), and higher percentage venous leg wound ulcers area reduction (MD, 18.96; 95% CI, 2.36‐35.57, P = .03) compared with sham treatments for a venous leg wound ulcers. The low‐frequency ultrasound as an added treatment for diabetic foot wound ulcers and venous leg wound ulcers had significantly lower non‐healed chronic wound ulcers at ≥3 months, a higher percentage of chronic wound ulcers area reduction compared with standard care. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of all the 17 studies in the meta‐analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.
Adverse events of metronidazole and amoxicillin: Retrospective analysis of a large data set of five randomized clinical trials
Authors: Retamal‐Valdes Belen , Tavares Ana Paula Laranjeira , Monique Sarah , Pereira da Silva Hélio Doyle , Mestnik Maria Josefa , Duarte Poliana Mendes , Miranda Tamires S. , Borges Ivan , Soares Geisla Mary Silva , Faveri Marcelo , Castro dos Santos Nidia , Graças Yasmin Teixeira das , Souto Maria Luisa Silveira , Giudicissi Marcela , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Saraiva Luciana , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Feres Magda
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the frequency of side effects associated with intake of metronidazole (MTZ) + amoxicillin (AMX) in periodontal treatment, and to explore associations between these events and patients' features.

Materials and Methods

Data of five randomized clinical trials testing MTZ + AMX adjunctive to mechanical therapy were evaluated. Volunteers answered an adverse event questionnaire.

Results

Information from 656 subjects was assessed. The frequency of side effects in the antibiotic‐ and placebo‐treated groups ranged from 1.0% to 17.7% and 0.9% to 13.7%, respectively. The events more frequently observed in the antibiotic than in the placebo group were diarrhoea and metallic taste (p < .05). Diabetes significantly raised the odds of a patient reporting discomfort (odds ratio [OR] = 2.6), diarrhoea (OR = 4.0), weakness (OR = 6.0) and excessive sleepiness (OR = 2.9). In systemically healthy volunteers, using antibiotics 3 months post‐mechanical treatment (healing phase) (OR = 3.0), being a woman (OR = 3.9) and aged ≤49 (OR = 4.5) significantly increased the chances of reporting adverse events.

Conclusions

The occurrence of side effects during MTZ + AMX treatment ranged from uncommon (1%) to very common (17.7%). The main factors raising the chances of a patient reporting adverse events were diabetes and taking antibiotics in the healing phase, instead of in the active phase of treatment. Patients ≤ 49 years old and females also tend to report more side effects.
Factors affecting triage competence among emergency room nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hwang Seokhwa , Shin Sujin
Published: July 2022

Aims and Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine work‐related stress, nurse–physician collaboration and clinical reasoning competence to identify the factors that affected the triage competence of emergency room nurses.

Background

A quick and accurate treatment plan for patients is first determined by a triage nurse. Triage competence is an indispensable requirement for emergency room nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional design was adopted.

Methods

The participants comprised 156 emergency room nurses in South Korea who had more than 1 year of experience working in an emergency room. The collected data were analysed using SPSS 28.0. Self‐reported data were collected via the Korean Nursing Stress, Nurse–Physician Collaboration, Nurse Clinical Reasoning, Emergency Room Nurse Triage Competence assessing work‐related stress, nurse–physician collaboration, clinical reasoning competence and triage competence. In the analyses, multiple regression analysis using the enter method was conducted. We have followed through the STROBE checklist for the preparation of this manuscript.

Results

Triage competence significantly differed according to the age (F = 9.93, p < .001), clinical experience (F = 18.82, p < .001), emergency department experience (F = 12.07, p < .001), triage experience (t = 4.40, p < .001) and if nurses had a triage certificate (t = 4.85, p < .001). The factors that influenced triage competence included clinical reasoning competence (β = .36, p < .001), emergency department experience (β = .21, p = .006), work‐related stress (β = .18, p = .007) and nurse–physician collaboration (β = −.17, p = .009); these factors accounted for 38.1% of the variance in triage competence.

Conclusion

The results of this study show that efforts to improve triage competence should be based on clinical reasoning. In addition, an effective plan should be devised to improve nurse–physician collaboration and work‐related stress.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Education programmes should be developed to enhance clinical reasoning competence in order to improve triage competence. In addition, a method for managing work‐related stress among nurses in emergency departments and programmes to enhance collaborative physician–nurse relations should be developed.
Bead‐anchored surgical templates for static computer‐assisted implant surgery: A dental technique
Authors: Orgev Ahmet , Pellerito John , Polido Waldemar , Morton Dean , Lin Wei‐Shao
Published: July 2022

This technique report describes an alternative method to stabilize surgical templates throughout full‐arch static computer‐assisted implant surgery (FA s‐CAIS). In FA s‐CAIS, remaining teeth, mucosa, existing implants, custom occlusal device, bone, or any combination thereof, could be used as an initial positioning mechanism to position surgical templates. Different anchoring mechanisms are then used to stabilize the surgical templates during surgery. In this report, a novel design of surgical templates using remaining dentition and opposing occlusal surfaces as initial positioning mechanism followed by the combination of bone block fixation screw and stainless‐steel beads as secondary anchoring mechanisms is described. The advantages, limitations, and comparisons with surgical templates using other anchoring mechanisms are also discussed.
How argumentation theory can inform assessment validity: A critical review
Authors: Kinnear Benjamin , Schumacher Daniel J. , Driessen Erik W. , Varpio Lara
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Many health professions education (HPE) scholars frame assessment validity as a form of argumentation in which interpretations and uses of assessment scores must be supported by evidence. However, what are purported to be validity arguments are often merely clusters of evidence without a guiding framework to evaluate, prioritise, or debate their merits. Argumentation theory is a field of study dedicated to understanding the production, analysis, and evaluation of arguments (spoken or written). The aim of this study is to describe argumentation theory, articulating the unique insights it can offer to HPE assessment, and presenting how different argumentation orientations can help reconceptualize the nature of validity in generative ways.

Methods

The authors followed a five‐step critical review process consisting of iterative cycles of focusing, searching, appraising, sampling, and analysing the argumentation theory literature. The authors generated and synthesised a corpus of manuscripts on argumentation orientations deemed to be most applicable to HPE.

Results

We selected two argumentation orientations that we considered particularly constructive for informing HPE assessment validity: New rhetoric and informal logic. In new rhetoric, the goal of argumentation is to persuade, with a focus on an audience's values and standards. Informal logic centres on identifying, structuring, and evaluating arguments in real‐world settings, with a variety of normative standards used to evaluate argument validity.

Discussion

Both new rhetoric and informal logic provide philosophical, theoretical, or practical groundings that can advance HPE validity argumentation. New rhetoric's foregrounding of audience aligns with HPE's social imperative to be accountable to specific stakeholders such as the public and learners. Informal logic provides tools for identifying and structuring validity arguments for analysis and evaluation.
Further thoughts on hierarchy and inequality
Authors: Sterelny Kim
Published: July 2022

This paper responds to Birch and Buskell's thoughtful critique. In it, I defend my use of behavioural ecology. I argue, contra Birch and Buskell, that I can give a principled defence of the emergence of conventions for respecting property, modelling as a network of pairwise iterated PDs between incipient farmers. Second, I defend my scepticism about the power of cultural group selection to optimise community normative packages. Finally, I located my views, as requested, against those of The dawn of everything. I argue that the more complex “original position” envisaged in Dawn depends on special conditions rarely found on Pleistocene Africa.
Purple acid phosphatase2 stimulates a futile cycle of lipid synthesis and degradation, and mitigates the negative growth effects of triacylglycerol accumulation in vegetative tissues
Authors: Cai Yingqi , Zhai Zhiyang , Blanford Jantana , Liu Hui , Shi Hai , Schwender Jorg , Xu Changcheng , Shanklin John
Published: July 2022

Storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) serve as an important energy and carbon reserve in plants, and hyperaccumulation of TAG in vegetative tissues can have negative effects on plant growth. Purple acid phosphatase2 (PAP2) was previously shown to affect carbon metabolism and boost plant growth. However, the effects of PAP2 on lipid metabolism remain unknown.

Here, we demonstrated that PAP2 can stimulate a futile cycle of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and degradation, and mitigate negative growth effects associated with high accumulation of TAG in vegetative tissues. Constitutive expression of PAP2 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced both lipid synthesis and degradation in leaves and led to a substantial increase in seed oil yield.

Suppressing lipid degradation in a PAP2‐overexpressing line by disrupting sugar‐dependent1 (SDP1), a predominant TAG lipase, significantly elevated vegetative TAG content and improved plant growth. Diverting FAs from membrane lipids to TAGs in PAP2‐overexpressing plants by constitutively expressing phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (PDAT1) greatly increased TAG content in vegetative tissues without compromising biomass yield.

These results highlight the potential of combining PAP2 with TAG‐promoting factors to enhance carbon assimilation, FA synthesis and allocation to TAGs for optimized plant growth and storage lipid accumulation in vegetative tissues.
The curious case of inability to open one eye after ipsilateral posterior superior alveolar nerve block
Authors: Singh Minerva , Kumar Jitender , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Dental patients are usually concerned about the side effects of extraction of upper teeth on their eyes, however rare but certain ophthalmic complications corresponding to dental anaesthesia are well reported in literature.

Material and Methods

We present a case of 50‐year‐old female who developed ophthalmic complications following Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block administration during extraction of left maxillary second molar.

Results

A clinical diagnosis of transient oculomotor palsy was made. Constant assurance about the transient nature of the symptoms was given to the patient. The patient started recovering after 30 min and recovered fully in about 2 h.

Clinical significance

Clinicians should be well aware of the ophthalmic effects of dental anaesthesia, this should always be kept in the back of mind that such complications are mostly transient but permanent loss of vision has also been documented in literature.
The Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Biomechanics of the Uninjured, Contralateral Ankle During Gait
Authors: Ziaei Ziabari Elaheh , Haghpanahi Mohammad , Razi Mohammad , Lubberts Bart , Ashkani‐Esfahani Soheil , DiGiovanni Christopher W.
Published: July 2022

Objective

To determine whether unilateral chronic ankle instability (CAI) affects the kinematics of the uninjured contralateral ankle.

Methods

In this case‐control study, 15 adult patients with unilateral CAI and 15 healthy controls were studied. Both the unstable and uninjured ankles in patients with unilateral CAI (CAI group, n = 15) were compared with that of healthy individuals (control group, n = 15). Applying body photo‐reflective markers, the participant's motion during gait was measured. Biomechanical variables including overall ankle‐toe angle, linear velocity, linear acceleration, angular velocity, angular acceleration, range of motion (RoM) in dorsiplantar flexion, and inversion‐eversion at initial contact, loading response, mid‐stance, terminal stance, pre‐swing, and swing phase of the gait were measured.

Results

In patients with CAI, the injured and uninjured ankles were significantly different regarding angle‐toe angle, inversion‐eversion RoM, dorsiplantar flexion in mid‐stance, inversion‐eversion at initial contact and terminal stance as well as the pre‐swing and swing phases (p < 0.01). The uninjured ankles of patients showed lower ankle‐toe velocity (p = 0.01) and acceleration (p = 0.01) compared to both the left and right ankles of the controls. In addition, the uninjured ankles of the patients showed decreased ankle dorsiflexion and increased inversion during initial contact, loading response, mid‐stance, terminal stance, pre‐swing, and swing compared to the control group (p < 0.017).

Conclusion

The results suggest that unilateral CAI can affect gait biomechanics in the contralateral uninjured ankle. Left unaddressed, unilateral CAI may lead to increased morbidity to the contralateral uninjured side. When surgery is not preferred for the management of unilateral CAI, rehabilitation protocols should focus on both sides.
The quadruple/quintuple helix model in entrepreneurial ecosystems: an institutional perspective on the space case study
Authors: Cloitre Aveline , Dos Santos Paulino Victor , Theodoraki Christina
Published: July 2022

Although entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted increasing conceptual interest in the academic literature, little research has been conducted on their dynamics regarding the sociotechnological transformations that they undergo. To gain a bigger picture of this process, the theoretical underpinning is lacking. This research aims to address this theoretical gap by relying on the quadruple/quintuple (Q/Q) helix model to contextualize the dynamics fueling the development of EEs. We supplement this model with the institutional perspective to gain a better understanding of the dynamic interplay of EE institutions within their broader socioenvironmental context. Through an exploratory qualitative study based on secondary data from 1985 to 2021, we focus on the space EE as an illustrative case that has experienced major sociotechnological changes since the mid‐2000s. Likewise, we find that sociotechnological transformations lead to a change of focus in the knowledge production system, which is fostered by internal constraints and external opportunities. Indeed, informal institutions have a major influence on entrepreneurial dynamics by supporting an entrepreneurial culture within the Q/Q helix spheres, as they enable the inclusion of external actors in the innovation process. Ultimately, we point out the role of entrepreneurial support organizations in the inclusion of civil society and the environment in society and democracy‐based knowledge production systems to enhance the development of EEs.
Vaccination in patients with COPD: COVID has raised the bar
Authors: Waterer Grant
Published: July 2022

See related article
Suicide plan prevalence, recurrence, and longitudinal association with nonfatal suicide attempt
Authors: Linthicum Kathryn P. , Ribeiro Jessica D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Each year, millions of people develop suicide plans. These plans are assumed to indicate imminent suicide risk, yet this has rarely been tested. The present study seeks to address two questions: (1) how prevalent are specific thoughts of suicide plans among individuals with a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and (2) do suicide plans confer risk of future suicide attempts in the short term?

Methods

Secondary data analysis was performed on a longitudinal dataset (N = 1021). Prevalence and frequencies of suicide planning features (i.e., method, time, place) at baseline and 3, 14, and 28 days post‐baseline were calculated. Logistic regressions were conducted to assess whether suicide plans confer risk of suicide attempts across a 28‐day follow‐up period.

Results

Suicide planning more commonly involved thoughts of method than place and/or time. High variability in suicide planning was evident and thoughts of suicide plans frequently recurred. Contrary to assumptions, suicide plans displayed weak associations with nonfatal suicide attempt across the 28‐day follow‐up period.

Conclusions

Suicide plans appear heterogeneous in nature. They do not appear to play a strong role in predicting nonfatal suicide attempts. Re‐evaluation of the central role that suicide plans occupy within clinical risk assessments may be warranted.
Exchange rate regimes and current account persistence
Authors: Tseng Fu‐Min , Wu Jyh‐Lin
Published: July 2022

We empirically examine Friedman's hypothesis that floating exchange rates facilitate current account adjustments. The main innovation in the empirical analysis is to control for the sample selection bias. We provide robust evidence that current account persistence decreases with the flexibility of nominal exchange rate regimes and is significantly higher under hard pegs than under floating for industrial countries. The economic driving force of this finding is that the channel of the exchange rate adjustment mechanism dominates in affecting the real exchange rate persistence relative to its shock channel.
Omicron spike function and neutralizing activity elicited by a comprehensive panel of vaccines
Authors: Bowen John E. , Addetia Amin , Dang Ha V. , Stewart Cameron , Brown Jack T. , Sharkey William K. , Sprouse Kaitlin R. , Walls Alexandra C. , Mazzitelli Ignacio G. , Logue Jennifer K. , Franko Nicholas M. , Czudnochowski Nadine , Powell Abigail E. , Dellota Exequiel , Ahmed Kumail , Ansari Asefa Shariq , Cameroni Elisabetta , Gori Andrea , Bandera Alessandra , Posavad Christine M. , Dan Jennifer M. , Zhang Zeli , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Crotty Shane , Iqbal Najeeha Talat , Corti Davide , Geffner Jorge , Snell Gyorgy , Grifantini Renata , Chu Helen Y. , Veesler David
Published: July 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant of concern comprises several sublineages, with BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 having replaced the previously dominant BA.1 and with BA.4 and BA.5 increasing in prevalence worldwide. We show that the large number of Omicron sublineage spike mutations leads to enhanced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding, reduced fusogenicity, and severe dampening of plasma neutralizing activity elicited by infection or seven clinical vaccines relative to the ancestral virus. Administration of a homologous or heterologous booster based on the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike sequence markedly increased neutralizing antibody titers and breadth against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 across all vaccines evaluated. Our data suggest that although Omicron sublineages evade polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses elicited by primary vaccine series, vaccine boosters may provide sufficient protection against Omicron-induced severe disease.
Confronting 21st-century monkeypox
Authors: Osterholm Michael T. , Gellin Bruce
Published: July 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) hasn’t called the current monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), but as a worldwide epidemic, it is clearly an emerging pandemic. More than 12,556 monkeypox cases and three deaths have been reported in 68 countries since early May, and these numbers will rise rapidly with improved surveillance, access to diagnostics, and continuing global spread of infection. Although many tools are needed to control this unfolding pandemic, it’s clear that limiting ongoing spread will require a comprehensive international vaccination strategy and adequate supplies.
Response Regulator CD1688 Is a Negative Modulator of Sporulation in Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Kempher Megan L. , Morris Savannah C. , Shadid Tyler M. , Menon Smita K. , Ballard Jimmy D. , West Ann H.
Published: July 2022

Clostridioides difficile
causes severe gastrointestinal illness and is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in the United States. This pathogen produces metabolically dormant spores that are the major vehicle of transmission between hosts.
Evaluation of the Performance and Clinical Impact of a Rapid Phenotypic Susceptibility Testing Method Directly from Positive Blood Culture at a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Truong Thao T. , Mongkolrattanothai Kanokporn , Flores Irvin Ibarra , Dien Bard Jennifer
Published: July 2022

Bloodstream infection poses a significant medical emergency that necessitates timely administration of appropriate antibiotics. Standard laboratory workup for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) involves subculture of organisms from positive blood bottles followed by testing using broth microdilution; however, this process can take several days.
Animal Models of Enterovirus D68 Infection and Disease
Authors: Vermillion Meghan S. , Dearing Justin , Zhang Yun , Adney Danielle R. , Scheuermann Richard H. , Pekosz Andrew , Tarbet E. Bart
Published: July 2022

Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a globally reemerging respiratory pathogen that is associated with the development of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infection, and there is a paucity of data related to the virus and host-specific factors that predict disease severity and progression to the neurologic syndrome.
Near-Full-Length Genome Sequences Representing an Event of Zooanthroponotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.189 in Mexico during 2020
Authors: Navarro-Lopez Roberto , Solis-Hernandez Mario , Rocha-Martinez Marisol K. , Eberl Samantha , Gomez-Romero Ninnet , Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Estrada-Franco J. Guillermo
Published: July 2022

Here, we report three near-full-length genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) obtained in Mexico City, Mexico, during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in 2020, representing a zooanthroponotic transmission event between humans and a dog. All three genomes belong to the B.1.189 lineage based on the pangolin classification.
Proteomic Network of Antibiotic-Induced Outer Membrane Vesicles Released by Extensively Drug-Resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis
Authors: Chiang Ming-Hsien , Chang Fang-Ju , Kesavan Dinesh Kumar , Vasudevan Aparna , Xu Huaxi , Lan Kuo-Lun , Huang Shu-Wei , Shang Hung-Sheng , Chuang Yi-Ping , Yang Ya-Sung , Chen Te-Li
Published: July 2022

Elizabethkingia anophelis
is a bacterium often associated with nosocomial infection. This study demonstrated that imipenem-induced
E. anophelis
outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are immunologically relevant and crucial for bacterial survival under antibiotic stress conditions rather than being a source of antibiotic resistance.
Contrasting Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages across Multiple Rounds of Pandemic Waves in West Bengal, the Gateway of East and North-East States of India
Authors: Singh Animesh K. , Laskar Rezwanuzzaman , Banerjee Anindita , Mondal Rajiv Kumar , Gupta Bishal , Deb Sonia , Dutta Shreelekha , Patra Subrata , Ghosh Trinath , Sarkar Sumanta , Ghosh Shekhar , Bhattacharya Sabyasachi , Roy Debojyoti , Chakraborty Ankita , Chowdhury Meghna , Mahaptra Surajit , Paul Antara , Mazumder Anup , Chowdhury Aparna , Chatterjee Shiv Sekhar , Sarkar Arunabha , Ray Raja , Pal Kuhu , Jana Angshuman , Barik Goutam , Ganguly Swagata , Chatterjee Mitali , Majhi Dipankar , Bandopadhyay Bhaswati , Das Saumitra , Maitra Arindam , Biswas Nidhan K.
Published: July 2022

Multiple waves of infection were observed in many states in India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic. Fine-scale evolution of major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and sublineages during four wave-window categories: Pre-Wave 1, Wave 1, Pre-Wave 2, and Wave 2 in four major states of India: Delhi (North), Maharashtra (West), Karnataka (South), and West Bengal (East) was studied using large-scale virus genome sequencing data.
Ability of Two Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria To Inhibit Listeria monocytogenes by Spot Inoculation and in an Environmental Microbiome Context
Authors: Sinclair Priscilla , Rolon M. Laura , Feng Jingzhang , Padín-López Adrián F. , LaBorde Luke , Kovac Jasna
Published: July 2022

Listeria monocytogeneshas previously been associated with outbreaks of foodborne illness linked to consumption of fresh produce. In addition to conventional cleaning and sanitizing, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been studied for biocontrol ofL. monocytogenesin food processing environments that are challenging to clean and sanitize.
Differential impact of minimum unit pricing on alcohol consumption between Scottish men and women: controlled interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , O'Donnell Amy , Kaner Eileen F S , Jane LLopis Eva , Manthey Jakob , Anderson Peter
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the immediate impact of the introduction of minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland on alcohol consumption and whether the impact differed by sex, level of alcohol consumption, age, social grade and level of residential deprivation of respondents.

Design

Primary controlled interrupted time series analysis and secondary before-and-after analysis of the impact of introducing MUP in Scotland using alcohol consumption data for England as control.

Setting

Data from Kantar Worldpanel’s Alcovision survey, a continuous retrospective online timeline follow-back diary survey of the previous week’s alcohol consumption.

Participants

53 347 women and 53 143 men.

Interventions

Introduction of a minimum price of 50 pence per UK unit (6.25 pence/g) for the sale of alcohol in Scotland on 1 May 2018.

Main outcome measures

Number of grams of alcohol consumed per week, in total, in off-trade (eg, at home) and in on-trade (eg, in pubs, restaurants).

Results

Primary interrupted time series analyses found that the introduction of MUP was associated with a drop in reported weekly total alcohol consumption of 5.94 g (95% CI 1.29 to 10.60), a drop in off-trade consumption of 3.27 g (95% CI −0.01 to 6.56) and a drop in on-trade consumption of 2.67 g (95% CI −1.48 to 6.82). Associated reductions were larger for women than for men and were greater among heavier drinkers than for lighter drinkers, except for the 5% of heaviest drinking men for whom an associated increase in consumption was found. Secondary before-and-after analyses found that reductions in consumption were greater among older respondents and those living in less deprived areas. The introduction of MUP was not associated with a reduction in consumption among younger men and men living in more deprived areas.

Conclusions

Greater policy attention needs to be addressed to the heaviest drinking men, to younger men and to men who live in more deprived areas.
Online queries as a criterion for evaluating epidemiological status and effectiveness of COVID-19 control measures in Russia: results from Yandex.Wordstat analysis
Authors: Momynaliev Kuvat , Khoroshun Dimash , Akimkin Vasiliy
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Assessment of the significance of online queries regarding smell impairment to evaluate the epidemiological status and effectiveness of COVID-19 epidemic control measures using levofloxacin as an example.

Setting

There are 81 regions of Russia and several large cities, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg and Nizhny Novgorod.

Methods

Weekly online queries from Yandex Russian users regarding smell impairment and levofloxacin were analysed in regions and large cities of Russia from 16 March 2020 to 21 February 2021.

Results

A strong positive direct correlation (r>0.7) was found between the number of smell-related queries in Yandex new cases of COVID-19 in 59 out of 85 Russian regions and large cities (70%). During the ‘first’ peak of COVID-19 incidence in Russia (April–May 2020), the increase in the number of smell-related queries outpaced the increase in new cases by 1–2 weeks in 23 out of 59 regions of Russia. During the ‘second’ peak of COVID-19 incidence in Russia (October–December 2020), the increase in the number of smell-related queries outpaced the increase in the number of new cases by 1–2 weeks in 36 regions of Russia, including Moscow. It was found that the query/new case ratio increased by more than 100% in 24 regions. The regions where the increase in queries was more than 160% compared with new infection cases during the ‘second’ peak of incidence demonstrated significantly higher search activity related to levofloxacin than the regions where the increase in queries was lower than 160% compared with the increase in new infection cases.

Conclusion

The sudden interest in certain symptoms of COVID-19, such as smell impairment and the growing frequency of online queries among the population, can be used as an indicator of the spread of coronavirus infection among the population and for evaluation of the effectiveness of the COVID-19 epidemic control measures.
Resilience of family caregivers of people with dementia in South Korea: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Seo Hyun-Ju , Choi Min-Jung , Park Song-I , Park Jeong-hwan
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The prevalence of dementia among the elderly population in South Korea was 9.94% in 2017, and the number of people living with dementia is estimated to increase up to one million by 2024. Considering that approximately 55%–85% of people with dementia are taken care of by family members in South Korea, the phenomenon of resilience for family caregivers with patients with dementia should be understood within a Korean cultural context. The purpose of this paper is to describe the protocol of a scoping review addressing the resilience of family caregivers for Koreans with dementia.

Methods and analysis

Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping review framework and Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual for scoping reviews will guide the review methods. Multiple databases, including Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Korean databases will be identified using controlled vocabulary and text words. Two review authors will independently screen and select studies based on predefined eligible criteria. The extracted data will undergo descriptive analysis of the contextual data and a quantitative analysis using the appropriate descriptive statistics.

Ethics and dissemination

Because the scoping review methodology consists of reviewing and collecting data from the published literature, this study does not require ethics approval. This scoping review will serve to highlight existing gaps within the literature to guide further research and to develop future strategies to measure and improve the resilience of family caregivers for patients with dementia in South Korea.
Prevention Of Breast and Endometrial cancer using Total Diet Replacement (PROBE-TDR) trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Clarke Helen , Harvie Michelle , Lombardelli Cheryl , Krizak Suzanne , Sellers Katharine , Harrison Hannah , Lim Yit Y , Parkin Caroline , Patel Shruthi , Issa Basil G , Maxwell Anthony J , Wisely Julie , Belcher John , Clarke Robert , Howell Anthony , Crosbie Emma J , Howell Sacha J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Obesity and overweight are strong potentially modifiable risk factors for postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer. Bariatric surgery can achieve considerable weight loss and risk reduction of weight-related cancer but is unlikely to be a feasible cancer prevention strategy. Total diet replacement (TDR) can also lead to significant weight reduction. This study aims to examine the cellular and molecular changes in breast and endometrial tissue in high-risk women following TDR-induced weight loss, as well as longer-term adherence to a 12-month TDR weight loss intervention.

Methods and analysis

PROBE-TDR (PRevention Of Breast and Endometrial cancer using Total Diet Replacement) is a prospective, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial of 47 women at increased risk of breast and/or endometrial cancer. Randomisation is 2:1 to either an immediate 12-month TDR weight loss programme (n=31) or delayed dietary intervention (control) (n=16). The TDR programme includes an initial 12-week period of TDR (850 kcal/day) followed by a 40-week food-based diet, based on the nutritional principles of a Mediterranean diet, as either continued weight loss (~1500 kcal/day) or weight loss maintenance (~2000 kcal/day). Menstrual phase-matched biopsies of the breast and endometrium will be assessed at baseline and at the end of the 12-week TDR in the immediate diet group, compared with women randomised to the control group following their usual diet. The trial will also assess longer-term adherence and weight loss success across the 12-month programme in both the immediate and control groups.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval for this study has been obtained from the Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales (approval 20/NW/0095). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and shared with trial participants.

Trial registration number

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry (ISRCTN15358157).