bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiRNA-621 exerts tumor suppressor function in gastric adenocarcinoma by targeting AURKA/GSK-3β pathway
Authors: Han Xiao , Liu Hongxue , Tang Xiaojun , Zhao Yao
Published: February 2021

Gastric adenocarcinoma is a major challenge to human health worldwide. Abnormal expression of miR-621 was found in many types of cancer. This research aimed to investigate the effects and detailed molecular mechanisms of miR-621 on gastric adenocarcinoma progression. The present study first showed that miR-621 was downregulated in gastric cancer patients, and its expression level was correlated with tumor size. MiR-621 overexpression inhibited viability, colony formation and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. AURKA was identified as a direct target of miR-621. AURKA knockdown induced decrease of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio and increase of p-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio which confirmed that AURKA positively regulated GSK-3β phosphorylation. AURKA knockdown also inhibited proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. AURKA expression was negatively correlated with miR-621 level. In addition, AURKA overexpression reversed the effect of miR-621 on the growth of cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-621 is an important tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and could be a promising target for the cancer treatment.
Identity Building of Indonesian Legal Education (From Progressive Liberalism to Transgresive Religious Cosmic)
Authors: Susanto Anthon Freddy
Published: February 2021

Legal Education naturally is education of human and humanity viewing man in his “earthly existence” to appreciate his human nature or will make the humanity humane as such the vital relation is that world will be more humane, managed and maintain according to the relation between he himself and the creator. Legal education encourages man to understand dan be able to interact with reality of the world surrounding; legal education, therefore, should be able to develop human soul, in this case, is the entire creativity, passion and creation. Legal education is closely related to the development of morality of the law enforcement to be able to improve the performance and professional skill in the law enforcement. To support the concept, legal education should always improve the quality of human’s life. Method used was multi-method such as philosophical method using hermeneutic-deconstructive approach; conceptual approach by developing creative ideas through heuristic analysis; method of critique on text to see the new possibilities that can raise in the development made. Philosophical approach can help us to enter into the most essential/fundamental area of the issue developed. Transgressive legal education is human education in the context of Indonesia with the soul of Pancasila. Transgressive legal education is an education to develop moral or conscious to underline the enforcement of the law upon society so that man will aware of the existence of the creator and is able to encourage the development of persons to be critical, tolerant, open, sensitive, and care towards the social problems and law enforcement.
O uso dos gêneros conto e curta-metragem como estratégia para a formação do leitor literário
Authors: Costa Filho Roberto Barbosa , Tavares Márcia
Published: February 2021

Como defendido pelos documentos parametrizadores da educação básica, especialmente aqueles relativos ao Ensino Médio, a literatura deve ser trabalhada em sala de aula a partir de uma perspectiva que proporcione práticas de letramento literário, com experiências de leitura efetiva do texto literário e busca da fruição estética (BRASIL 2006; 2018). Diante desse cenário, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar estratégias para a formação de leitores literários por meio do uso dos gêneros conto e curta-metragem. Materializado através de um Estágio Supervisionado de Literatura no Ensino Médio, a experiência que suscita o trabalho utilizou-se do conto “Restos do carnaval”, de Clarice Lispector, e do curta-metragem “Uma flor”, inspirado nesse texto, enquanto estratégia para a construção do letramento literário de leitores em formação. Dessa forma, as bases teóricas do trabalho centram-se nas contribuições sobre letramento literário e leitura literária (COSSON, 2006; BARBOSA, 2011; BORGES; PAES, 2017), sobre os gêneros conto (ABDALA JÚNIOR, 1995; GOTLIB, 2006) e curta-metragem (ALCÂNTARA, 2014) e sobre estratégias de aprendizagem (BORUCHOVITCH, 1999; FIGUEIRA, 2006) e de leitura (KLEIMAN, 2013; KOCH; ELIAS, 2006; ROJO, 2009). Mais do que apresentar a experiência enquanto possibilidade para novas práticas de ensino e (res)significações, espera-se que o trabalho possa contribuir para (re)pensar: o espaço da literatura em sala de aula; as estratégias que podem ser utilizadas para a formação de leitores; e a articulação de novas linguagens, como a audiovisual, em sala de aula
Community pharmacists’ use, perception and knowledge on dietary supplements: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bukic Josipa , Kuzmanic Branka , Rusic Doris , Portolan Mate , Mihanovic Ante , Seselja Perisin Ana , Leskur Dario , Petric Ana , Bozic Josko , Tomic Sinisa , Modun Darko
Published: February 2021

Background: Pharmacists are commonly tasked with recommending the appropriate dietary supplement and advising the patients of their correct and safe use. Previous research, conducted on pharmacy students, showed that they did not always use the evidence based sources of information, with personal use identified as a significant predictor influencing the decision to recommend a supplement.

Objectives: To compare use, perceptions and knowledge of dietary supplements of pharmacists with different years of work experience and to explore factors that could influence their recommendation of supplements.

Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on Croatian community pharmacists in September 2017. The questionnaire explored pharmacists’ demographic characteristics, use, perceptions and knowledge of dietary supplements. Pharmacists (N=102) were divided in two groups based on their work experience: P0 (<10 years) and P1 (≥10 years).

Results: All included pharmacists had high knowledge scores without differences between groups (P0=10, IQR 9-12 vs P1=11, IQR 9-12, expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR), p=0.275). Less experienced pharmacists perceived there was less research conducted on the dietary supplements compared to their more experienced counterparts (P0=1, IQR 1-2 vs P1=2, IQR 2-3, expressed as median and interquartile range, p<0.001). Groups differed in sources used when choosing the appropriate supplement with P0 using higher quality sources such as systematic reviews in comparison to P1 (32.1% vs 8.7%, p=0.004). Pharmacists’ decision to recommend a dietary supplement was influenced by their personal use (odds ratio 0.216, 95%CI 0.068:0.689, p=0.01) and work experience (odds ratio 0.154, 95%CI 0.045:0.530, p=0.003).

Conclusions: Pharmacists did not use the high quality sources when recommending dietary supplements and their decision to recommend the supplement was not based on objective evaluation of evidence. Further education about the practice of evidence-based pharmacy is necessary, with special emphasis on senior pharmacists who might have missed that aspect during their formal education.
Ethical Dilemmas in Nonprofit Governance: ARNOVA Governance Section Case Studies for Use in the Classroom and Practitioner Training
Authors: Aulgur Jeff , Black Dean , Coventry Louise
Published: February 2021

The three case studies presented in this issue continues the exploration of contemporary ethical dilemmas in nonprofit governance authored by members of the Governance Section of the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Associations (ARNOVA). In the first two case studies in this series, published in recent issues of the Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, Ruth Bernstein and Toni Aspin explore the challenges of governance when a nonprofit must consider compromising organizational values to provide services to a vulnerable population. In an examination of the collapse of a $40 million nonprofit agency, Yvonne Cafik Harrison considers a failure of board governance to protect critical constituencies and the very existence of the organization. The cases below expand the conversation regarding ethics and nonprofit governance. First, Jeff Aulgur considers the ethical challenges in contemporary presidential searches at public institutions of higher education. His exploration of the University of South Carolina System’s search for a new president in 2019 applies Karl Weick’s theory of sensemaking in organizations to nonprofit governance. Next, Dean Black, through the lens of a networked membership organization, discusses the ethical questions raised by non-financial conflicts of interest and how such disputes may damage a nonprofit’s reputation and legitimacy. In the last case, Louise Coventry explores the efficacy of the universal application of governance best practices and how scholars and practitioners must consider cultural boundaries and cultural appropriateness.
Impaired base excision repair is related to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ziółkowska Sylwia , Czarny Piotr , Szemraj Janusz
Published: February 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder that affects up to 30% of the population, mainly in Western countries. It is estimated that up to 75% of NAFLD patients will develop a more aggressive form of the disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD can lead to fibrosis and liver failure; however, it is difficult to diagnose NAFLD due to its non-specific symptoms. Unfortunately, there is no treatment available for this disease. The risk factors of NAFLD are obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The molecular factors that seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are oxidative stress as well as impaired DNA damage repair processes; a great body of evidence confirms an association with the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The activity of BER is decreased in patients with NAFLD and in animal models of this disease. In order to better understand the underlying basis of the disease, knowledge should be broadened in the area of DNA repair in NAFLD.
Acciones feministas en red: análisis del hashtag #Marcha8M en México
Authors: Olmedo Neri Raul Anthony
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo analiza la red generada alrededor del hashtag #Marcha8M en México mediante el método de análisis de redes sociales (ARS) y tres indicadores de dicho método. Se utilizó el software NodeXL para extraer la información generada entre el 4 y el 9 de marzo de 2020 y con ello visualizar la red. Con este estudio, es posible analizar una forma en que los movimientos sociales se apropian de las redes sociodigitales y se vinculan con áreas del campo de la comunicación.
Construyendo seguridad para la manifestación de la sororidad desde #LasRespondonas
Authors: Diez Illari
Published: February 2021

Actualmente, así como existe el acoso y la inseguridad en los sitios de redes sociales, estos espacios también pueden ser usados por las mujeres para el activismo feminista y la manifestación de la sororidad, para lo cual, como se ha visto en trabajos previos, es necesaria la seguridad. En ese sentido, se busca contestar la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo se construye el sentimiento de seguridad en #LasRespondonas —un grupo de Facebook conformado mayoritariamente por mujeres feministas— para la manifestación de la sororidad? Se encontró que la construcción del sentimiento de seguridad en dicho grupo se logra gracias a tres elementos: la conformación de una comunidad virtual, la existencia de una cámara de eco, y el uso de las herramientas de la plataforma junto con el rol de las moderadoras. Además, la seguridad es necesaria para la manifestación de la sororidad en tres momentos: la verbalización del problema, el compartir información / interactuar y el encuentro.
Growth and Yield Performances of Wheat Genotypes under Restricted Irrigation in Eastern Sub-Himalayan Plains
Authors: Joy Jince Mary M. , Mitra Biplab , Roy A.K. Singha
Published: February 2021

Background: Water scarcity is one of the major problems faced by farmers for crop production. Productivity and sustainability of a crop like wheat which is highly susceptible to water stress could be affected the most. Identifying and growing such varieties of wheat which could thrive under restricted irrigation could solve the problem. The current study aimed to evaluate the performance of certain new wheat genotypes under restricted irrigation. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in eastern sub-Himalayan plains during Rabi season, 2016-2017 to evaluate the performance of certain wheat genotypes under restricted irrigation. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three different levels of irrigation, viz., no irrigation, one irrigation at CRI stage, two irrigations at CRI and booting stage, randomly allotted in main plots; while six genotypes comprising HI 1612, HD 2888, C 306, K 8027, HD 3171 and K 1317 were randomly allocated in sub plots. Result: It was observed that with increase in number of irrigation, the overall biomass production increased irrespective of genotypes. The highest biomass (7.38 t ha-1) was achieved in plots where two irrigations were given. Higher leaf area with increased plant height and tiller number as well as higher values of major yield components viz., number of spikes m-2 and number of filled grain spike-1 were also achieved in plots receiving two irrigations. The twice irrigated plot also exhibited higher yields (3.02 t ha-1) as compared to once irrigated plot. With increase in number of irrigation the grain yield increased significantly. Among the genotypes, HI 1612 reflected the maximum grain yield (2.76 t ha-1) under restricted irrigation though there was no significant variation in grain yield achieved with the other 5 genotypes except HD 3171.
Deterioration of Grain Quality of Wheat by Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) during Storage
Authors: Singh Subash , Sharma D.K.
Published: February 2021

Background: A number of storage pests viz., Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Evert.) damage stored wheat. However, S. oryzae is considered a primary pest of stored wheat and has been reported to prefer soft textured wheat cultivars. Methods: The grains of three bread (soft textured) viz., HD2967, PDW314, PBW658 and three durum wheat (hard textured) cultivars viz., WHD943, PBW621, PDW291 were screened for feeding response by rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. in the laboratory. Each cultivar seed was properly cleaned and disinfested before its use. A 100g seed sample of each cultivar was taken into the plastic jars. Of the pure culture, ten 1-2 week young one insects (1:1 sex ratio) were released into the jars each containing different cultivar grains. The jars were covered with white muslin as three separate storage sets, i.e., 30, 60 and 90 days after storage to record data observations. Result: Durum wheat cultivars being low in protein contents were comparatively less preferred for pest feeding and cultivar PDW291 was found highly resistant based on low insect emergence, grain damage and weight loss. The bread wheat cultivars due to high protein contents were highly preferred by the pest and cultivar HD2967 showed maximum preference. The biochemical properties like ash contents and crude fibres showed positive while crude fats and protein a negative correlation with the pest infestation.
Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures
Authors: Tram P.T.M. , Suong N.K. , Tien L.T.T.
Published: February 2021

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars. Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.
Greengram Based Cropping Sequence for Sustainability under Changing Climate in Semi-arid Part of Karnataka, India
Authors: Patil R.H. , Kumbar Parashuram , Dhage S. Sagar
Published: February 2021

Background: Greengram based cropping sequences are followed in semi-arid parts of Karnataka, India. But, due to increasingly erratic and changing monsoon patterns under current climates the sustainability and profitability of these sequences are becoming more uncertain. Hence, a modeling study using seasonal analysis tool of DSSAT model was taken up to identify the most reliable sequence. Methods: Field experiments were carried out from 2015-2018 to calibrate and validate DSSAT model for four crop cultivars (greengram, chickpea, wheat and sorghum) under rainfed condition on deep black soils and then Sequential Analysis Tool of DSSAT model was run for 32 years (1985-2016) for three cropping sequences i.e., greengram-sorghum, greengram-wheat and greengram-chickpea. The simulated output analysis was done using yield, number of years crop failed during different seasons and the B:C ratio of each sequence. Result: Out of 32 years greengram crop, grown during kharif, failed only once whereas, during rabi season wheat, sorghum and chickpea failed seven, six and five years, respectively. Greengram-chickpea sequence recorded the highest B:C ratio (2.38) followed by greengram-sorghum (2.25) and greengram-wheat (1.76). Considering chances of crop failure and B:C ratio greengram-chickpea sequence was found to be the most reliable and remunerative system under rainfed condition of Karnataka during current climate.
Identification and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus Disease Resistance in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L). Hepper]
Authors: Vadivel K. , Manivannan N. , Mahalingam A. , Satya V.K. , Vanniarajan C. , Ragul S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important food legume crop of India. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is the major problem in blackgram. The disease can reduce seed yield upto 100% or even kill a plant infected at an early vegetative stage. The most effective way to prevent the occurrence of this disease is to develop genetically resistant cultivars of blackgram. However, a major difficulty in breeding MYMV disease resistant in blackgram is field screening for the virus disease. Hence identification of QTL followed by Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is highly useful for genetic improvement of crops. With this background, a study was made for identification as well as validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for MYMV disease resistance in blackgram. Methods: A total of 112 F2:3 lines were evaluated for MYMV disease resistance along with parents viz., MDU 1 (MYMV disease susceptible) and Mash 1008 (MYMV disease resistant) at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Tamil Nadu during July-September 2018 under Augmented Design in the field. Each line was sown in one row of 3 m in length with a spacing of 30 cm as between row and 10 cm as within row. Susceptible genotypes CO 5 and MDU 1 were sown as disease spreader rows after every eight rows and also around the plots. The MYMV disease score was recorded on 60 DAS, by using phenotype rating scale from 1 (resistant) to 9 (highly susceptible), as suggested by Singh et al. (1995). The mean of each progeny was calculated and used as phenotypic data. A total of 525 SSR primers were used to test polymorphism between parents MDU 1 and Mash 1008. Genotyping was carried out for 112 F2:3 RILs of the cross MDU 1 x Mash 1008 with 35 polymorphic SSR markers. Linkage and QTL analyses were performed using QTL IciMapping (version 4.1.0.0) (Wang et al. 2016) and QGene 4.4.0 (Joehanes and Nelson 2008) respectively. Two mapping populations MDU 1 x Mash 114 and CO 5 x VBN 6 in F2:3 and F2 generations respectively were used in this study to validate the identified QTL regions. Result: QTL study indicated the presence of two major QTLs for MYMV disease score in LG 2 and LG 10 at 60 DAS with 20.90 and 24.90% of phenotypic variation respectively. Validation of these QTLs in two other mapping population indicated that QTL on LG 10 was validated with high phenotypic variation of 45.40-46.00%. Hence it may conclude that qmymv10_60 may be utilized for MAS/MABC with assured improvement on MYMV disease resistance in blackgram.
Biochemical Investigations on Vigour Enhancement in Fresh and Aged Seeds Upon Seed Priming in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
Authors: Arun M.N. , Bhanuprakash K. , Hebbar S. Shankara , Senthivel T. , Nair A.K. , Pandey D. Pratima
Published: February 2021

Background: Loss in seed quality that occurs from maturity in the field to storage, leads to seed deterioration. Storage of cowpea seeds under ambient, hot and humid conditions is very problematic since these conditions deteriorate seed quality faster. Seed deterioration is associated with many metabolic defects that occur due to changes in enzyme and protein levels. Method: The present study was performed to verify the effects of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] seed priming (GA3, ammonium molybdate, Ca Cl2, KBr, Mg (NO3)2, ZnSO4, Hydro priming and dry non primed) with fresh and accelerated aged seeds. Result: The deterioration was rectified to the extent possible by the technique of seed priming. SDS PAGE profiling indicated the differential expression of proteins with seed priming. Esterase and peroxidase enzyme which were completely lost as a result of ageing showed reappearance after priming. The band intensity as well as the number of proteins induced by seed priming increased over control. Priming also restored the lost seed vigour in aged seeds due to reactivation of proteins in old seeds and expression of these proteins in priming treatments are related to priming induced proteins in contrast to their absence in the aged seeds which are necessary for germination and longevity of seeds. The present study concluded that priming with GA3 (100 ppm) and Ammonium Molybdate (10-3 M) for 24 hours in aged seeds of cowpea showed increase enzyme activity, restored almost entire protein profile and esterase and peroxidise isozyme profile as it allowed repair system to combat sub-cellular damage and activated synthesis of enzymes and proteins.
Growth and Yield of Pulses as Influenced by Intercropping with Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] in the Southern Laterites of Kerala
Authors: Reddy Dhimmagudi Ramamohan , Pillai P. Shalini , John Jacob , Sajeena A. , Aswathy J.C.
Published: February 2021

Background: In the recent years, the yield plateau of the major cereals together with the climate change concerns, the potential of millets and pulses have been identified as pivotal for addressing the agrarian and nutritional challenges. The present study was conducted to assess the feasibility of intercropping green gram, black gram and cowpea in finger millet.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during summer 2019-2020 (February to May, 2020) to assess the variation in the growth and yield of pulses, viz., green gram, black gram and cowpea on intercropping with finger millet, along with and without AMF inoculation.Result: Pulses were observed to be significantly taller when intercropped with finger millet in the presence of AMF. Leaf area index (LAI), dry matter production, seed yield and haulm yield were higher for sole crops. Between the intercropping treatments, with and without AMF, LAI, dry matter production and seed yield were superior when pulses where intercropped in finger millet inoculated with AMF. Intercropping finger millet with cowpea recorded the highest finger millet equivalent yield (FMEY) followed by black gram and green gram. The treatment, T6 (finger millet with AMF + cowpea) registered the highest FMEY (3388 kg ha-1) followed by T5 (3234 kg ha-1). Intercropping finger millet (with AMF) with black gram (T4) and green gram (T2) recorded FMEY of 2708 kg ha-1 and 2497 kg ha-1 respectively.
Efficacy of Magnetic Water and Methanol on Agronomic Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Fatehi A. , Pasari B. , Rokhzadi A.
Published: February 2021

Background: The major part of the edible oil used in Iran is supplied through imports. It is important to increase the yield of oilseed crops, especially soybeans, in non-chemical and environmentally friendly ways, along with its easy availability and low cost. The use of magnetic water as a new method, increases the yield of plants by improving solubility and access the nutrients. On the other hand, in recent years, methanol spraying as a source of carbon dioxide, which increases the concentration of this gas around the plant, enhancing the photosynthesis and plant yield. This study was conducted to study the efficacy of different intensities of magnetic water and various concentrations of methanol foliar application on agronomic traits of soybean. Methods: This experiment was carried out as split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications during two consecutive years 2016-17. The main plot was irrigated with magnetic water in 4 intensity (0: control, 4, 8, 12mTesla) and a subplot was methanol spraying in 4 volumetric percentage (distilled water: control, 10, 20 and 30% v/v). Result: Photosynthetic pigments viz. (Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid), yield attributes, seed yield, biological yield, seed protein and soybean economics were significantly affected by the magnetic water and methanol spraying. Seed yield and net return, as the most important traits increased by magnetic irrigated with 8 and 12mTesla intensities, compared to control, by 70.05-72.19% and 122.37-126.05%, respectively. Furthermore the maximum biological, stover yields and protein obtained by 8mTesla magnetic irrigation, compared to control, it showed 59.54, 54.9 and 10.07% superiority, respectively. Also, methanol foliar application at 20% concentration increased seed yield, biological yield, seed protein and net return by 19.01, 13.73, 5.24 and 26.43%, respectively.
Resistance Level of Mung Bean Genotypes to Pod Borer Maruca testulalis Geyer
Authors: Indiati Sri W. , Hapsari Ratri T. , Prayogo Yusmani , . Sholihin , Sundari Titik , Mejaya Made J.
Published: February 2021

Background: Pod borer, Maruca testulalis is one of the harmful mung bean pests and cause substantial damage to the crop or failure to harvest. This study was carried out to identify the level of resistance to pod borer of mungbean accessions. Methods: Field research was conducted at Muneng Experimental Farm, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia in the 2018 dry season using the randomized block design and repeated two times. A total of 50 accessions of mungbeans were planted in two growing environments, namely: L1 = controlled environment (Maruca pest was controlled with NPV biopesticide 2 g/liter of water) and L2 = uncontrolled environment (Maruca pest was not controlled with any kind of pesticide). Observations were made on the intensity of borer attack and dry seed weight. Result: Eleven accessions gave a low resistant (LR) to moderately resistant (MR) categories responses against M. testulalis attacks. The pod damage from the eleven selected accessions was less than 15% under environmental conditions without control (L2). Control application (L1) reduced pod damage by 48.5% and increased mung bean seed yield by 25%, compared to without control (L2). The eleven accessions that were consistent or stable with low attack intensity under conditions with and without control gave dry seed weights above average, except for accessions (MLGV 0054, MLGV 0115 and MLGV 0320) which had dry seed weights lower than the average both in the growing environment with control (L1) or without control (L2).
The role of schools during practicum in adapting to Vietnamese education innovation
Authors: Huong Vu Thi Mai
Published: February 2021

School is a crucial component in teacher training. Schools are also the places where pre – service teachers practice manipulations, career actions, capacity development and career sentiments. The innovation of Vietnamese general education from content to competency approach has led to many changes in the schools, thereby requiring teacher training to be linked to educational practices in every school. The schools have just played the role of a unit that evaluates and tests the training quality of the pedagogical universities, and at the same time provides practical educational knowledge and educational innovation to supplement the theoretical knowledge in school offenses. This research aims at determining the role of schools during training pre – service teachers in Vietnam. Data was collected through questionnaires involving 390 participants comprising student teachers, lecturers from pedagogy universities and mentors of schools in Vietnam. The results showed that, in Vietnam, schools are lacking initiative in coordinating with teacher training institutions. The role of schools is still limited; the schools need to promote the initiative and be more active in the relationship with pedagogical universities so that the effectiveness of teacher training is the highest, adapting to the innovations of current Vietnam education.

 

Keywords: practicum, role of schools, mentor, student teachers, pre-service teacher, teacher preparation
Exploring Grade R teachers’ mathematics curriculum practices and strategies for improvement: Implications for physics teaching
Authors: Baloyi-Mothibeli Seipati L. , Ugwuanyi Christian Sunday , Okeke Chinedu I. O.
Published: February 2021

This study sought strategies to improve teachers’ professional curriculum practices in a Grade R mathematics class. A phenomenological research design was employed to generate data for the study using a sample of fifteen participants. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect the data for the study. In this regard, the interview guide was properly validated, and trial tested. Data collected for this study were analysed using a thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed that the strategies for improving teachers’ professional curriculum practice in a Grade R mathematics class include employing adequately qualified Grade R teachers; aking available teaching and learning resources;ncouraging sufficient parental involvement; encouraging support by authorities; and, using adequate language for teaching and learning. It was therefore concluded that for Grade R teachers to engage learners in Professional Curriculum Practices (PCP), they need to have access to teacher development programmes. This finding implicates physics teaching in the sense that proficiency in mathematics teaching is imperative for physics teaching. Thus, a practical approach to mathematics teaching can as well be deployed in the teaching of physics concepts due to the abstract nature of the subjects (Mathematics and Physics). In order words these identified strategies for mathematics teaching can be used for physics teaching at a higher education level. Thus, it was recommended that the integrated teacher development programme should be implemented to enable teachers to be fully engaged in Grade R mathematics classes.

 

Keywords: Improvement, Strategies, Teachers’ Professional Curriculum Practice, Grade R Mathematics.
Nurse-Talk Ratios as a Measure of Participation in a Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cuevas Heather , Carter Sharon
Published: February 2021

Background

Comprehensive cognitive rehabilitation teaches strategies to enhance strengths and has been used by nurses to target cognitive problems in chronic conditions. However, to date, no evaluations of web-based cognitive rehabilitation, based in empowerment theory, specifically for people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), have been done.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze a cognitive rehabilitation intervention for people with T2DM, using qualitative content analysis and 10-second event coding to determine to what extent the classes reflected empowerment theory.

Methods

Nineteen adults with T2DM and two nurses participated in an 8-week intervention that combined webinar classes with online home-based computer training. Classes were audio recorded and 10-second event coding was used to calculate nurse-talk ratios. Transcripts were examined using content analysis and compared with the talk ratios.

Results

Talk ratios ranged from 40% to 74% for each class. Qualitative themes included (a) importance of goal setting; (b) pairing cognitive strategies with diabetes self-management; (c) experience and information sharing; and (d) validation by healthcare providers. Positive participant outcomes related to empowerment were associated with low nurse-talk ratios in some classes. However, high nurse-talk ratios were associated with factual content that participants also considered valuable.

Implications for Practice

Talk ratios did not completely reflect the communication skills of the nurse. The 10-second method should be applied to other educational interventions in combination with qualitative analysis. Future interventions should include components of discourse evaluation and examinations of relationships to adherence and clinical outcomes.
Karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Bitkisinden Hazırlanan Silaj Örneklerinin Kalitesi Üzerine Etkili Olan Laktik Asit Bakteri Profilinin DNA Parmak İzi Tekniği ile Tanımlanması
Authors: YAMANER Çiğdem , ALKAN Mehtap , ARSLAN HALAVURT Ebru , TEKİN Taha Harun
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Ege Bölgesi’nde yer alan Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında yetiştirilen karabuğday (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)’dan hazırlanan silaj örneklerindeki laktik asit bakteri (LAB) profillerinin M13 ve (GTG)5 tekrarlı dizi primerleri ile PCR-DNA-parmak izi tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmesi ve baskın suşlar hakkında veri elde edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada, farklı kuru madde (KM) içeriklerine sahip karabuğday örneklerine 2 farklı konsantrasyonda (1.5x105-1.5x106 kob g-1) inokulant ve 2 farklı konsantrasyonda (4-6 L t-1) formik asit ilave edilerek hazırlanan 15 farklı silaj örneği kullanılmıştır. İlk olarak 15 farklı silaj örneğinin KM, pH ve Fleig puanları, daha sonra bu örneklerin toplam LAB sayıları ve LAB’ların cins düzeyinde çeşitliliği belirlenmiştir. Silaj örneklerinden laktik asit bakterileri olduğu tespit edilen 50 izolat elde edilmiş ve LAB çeşitliliğini tür düzeyinde tespit etmek amacıyla (GTG)5 ve M13 primerleri kullanılarak bu izolatların Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) parmak izi profilleri elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan 50 LAB izolatı için M13 primeri ile toplamda 52 lokus, (GTG)5 primeri ile 39 lokus üretilmiştir. Markör [M13 ve (GTG)5] sistemi, farklı LAB türlerine ait izolatlar arasında önemli bir değişkenlik sağlayan çok sayıda fragment üretmiştir. Kluster ve ayrım gücü analizi sonuçlarına göre silaj örneklerinin LAB profilinin moleküler karakterizasyonu için her iki primerin de [M13 ve (GTG)5] kullanılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Farklı KM oranına (% 20, % 30, % 40) sahip örnekler mikrobiyal çeşitlilik ve kalite açısından incelendiğinde, % 30 KM içeriği ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, % 30 ve % 40 KM içerikli örneklerde Enterococcus sayısının artması ve buna paralel olarak silaj kalitesinin de artması silaj kalitesi üzerine Enterococcus sayısının etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen izolatlardan iki tanesinin silaj starteri olabilme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Bu veriler ışığında % 30 KM içeren karabuğday silajının yüksek LAB çeşitliliğine sahip kaliteli bir silaj ve alternatif kaba yem olacağı söylenebilir.
Hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) Bitkisinin Yüksek Sıcaklık Stresine Verdiği Antioksidant Cevaplar
Authors: DOĞRU Ali
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hıyar (Cucumis sativus L.) bitkisinin “Beith Alpha F1” adlı çeşidinin yüksek sıcaklık stresi (45 C ve 55 C, 4 saat) altında oluşturduğu antioksidant cevapların araştırılmasıdır. Hıyar bitkileri perlit içeren plastik saksılarda Hoagland besin çözeltisi ile sulanarak iklim dolabında on gün boyunca yetiştirilmiştir. Yüksek sıcaklık uygulamasından 24 saat sonra bitkiler hasat edilmiştir. Hıyar bitkisinin kotiledonlarındaki klorofil-a, klorofil-b ve toplam klorofil miktarı, sıcaklığın artışı ile birlikte dereceli olarak azalmıştır. Hıyar kotiledonlarında yüksek sıcaklıkla indüklenen süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesi, süperoksit radikalinin etkili bir şekilde detoksifiye edildiğini göstermektedir. Yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında kotiledonlardaki düşük askorbat peroksidaz ve yüksek glutatyon redüktaz aktivitesi askorbat-glutatyon döngüsünün inhibe edildiğini işaret etmektedir. Ancak yüksek sıcaklık stresi kotiledonlarda H2O2 (hidrojen peroksit) birikimine yol açmamıştır. Yüksek sıcaklık stresi altında kotiledonlardaki malondialdehit miktarının azalması, membran sistemlerinin kimyasal olarak hasar görmediğini göstermiştir. Buna göre, hıyar kotiledonlarında yüksek sıcaklık stresi etkisiyle süperoksit radikali birikiminin gerçekleşmediği ve katalazın H2O2 detoksifikasyonundan sorumlu enzim olduğu sonucuna varılabilir. Ayrıca hıyar kotiledonlarındaki membran sistemlerinin yüksek sıcaklığın etkisiyle fiziksel olarak zarar görmüş olabileceği söylenebilir.
Konvansiyonel Meyve Yetiştiriciliği Yapan Üreticilerin Organik Tarım ve İyi Tarım Uygulamaları Konusundaki Görüşleri: Zonguldak İli Örneği, Türkiye
Authors: KILIÇ Osman , AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze , ÇAKIR Serdar
Published: February 2021

Konvansiyonel tarımın insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak için, son yıllarda organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamaları yaygınlaşmış ve buna yönelik araştırmalar önem kazanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan Zonguldak ilinde konvansiyonel meyve yetiştiriciliği yapan üreticilerin organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamaları konusundaki görüşleri ile gelecekte bu üretim sistemlerine geçme konusundaki düşüncelerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma verilerini, konvansiyonel tarım yapan 125 meyve üreticisiyle yapılan anketler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, organik tarımda kimyasal gübre kullanıldığını düşünen üreticilerin oranı % 12.00, tarım ilacı kullanıldığını düşünenlerin oranı % 46.40’dır. İyi tarım uygulamalarında ise üreticilerin % 25.60’ı kimyasal gübre, % 12.80’i tarım ilacı kullanılmadığını düşünmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, üreticilerin organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamaları konusunda yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip olmadıklarını ve bu sistemlerin uygulanma prensiplerinden yeterince haberdar olmadıklarını göstermektedir. Organik tarıma geçmeyi düşünen üreticilerin oranı % 28.00 iken, bu oran iyi tarım uygulamalarında sadece % 8.80’dir. Organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamalarının üreticiler tarafından benimsenmesi, bu üretim sistemlerinin konvansiyonel tarım ürünlerine göre daha kârlı olmasına bağlıdır. Bu amaçla özellikle son yıllarda artan girdi maliyetleri de dikkate alındığında, organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamalarına verilen desteklerin revize edilmesi gerekir.
Persekusi Dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Maaroef Muhammad Hilman Anfasa
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini berjudul “Persekusi dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia”. Penulisan skripsi ini mengacu pada metode penelitian yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual yang dikaitkan dengan beberapa undang-undang nasional seperti, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Peraturan Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2008 tentang Penghapusan Diskriminasi dan Ras, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 tentang Pemberntasan Pidana Terorisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbuatan yang dikualifikasi sebagai persekusi dalam hukum pidana serta pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku persekusi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persekusi merupakan tindak pidana dengan memenuhi unsur-unsur peraturan pidana umum dan pidana khusus terkait kualifikasi tindak pidananya. Di Indonesia pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi pelaku masih belum ada peraturan secara khusus yang mengatur mengenai pemberian sanksi pidana, sehingga pertanggungjawabannya terdapat dalam peraturan yang terpisah yang menyebabkan tumpeng tindih terhadap masing-masing peraturannya. Setiap perundang-undangan yang terkait dangan persekusi memiliki perbedaan masing-masing seperti bentuk perbuatan dan motif perbuatannya. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, pemerintah sebagai pelindung dan penjamin hak warga negaranya perlu mengatur secara khusus terkait persekusi demi kepastian hukum dalam suatu negara.
Pertanggungjawaban Notaris Dalam Penyisipan Klausul Pelepasan Gugatan Notaris Atas Akta Yang Dibuatnya
Authors: Kosuma Indah Permatasari
Published: February 2021

Dalam pembuatan akta autentik oleh Notaris, tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya itikad buruk dari para pihak. Beberapa Notaris ingin memperkuat perlindungan dirinya dengan meminta kepada para penghadap untuk mencantumkan Klausul Pelepasan Tanggung Jawab Notaris dalam akta yang dibuatnya. Klausul Pelepasan Tanggung Jawab Notaris merupakan klausul yang menyatakan bahwa apabila dikemudian hari terdapat permasalahan berkenaan dengan akta yang dibuatnya, maka menjadi tanggung jawab para pihak serta membebaskan Notaris dan para saksi dari segala tuntutan hukum. Pencantuman klausul tersebut berfungsi untuk memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris apabila terjadi permasalahan dengan dibuatnya akta tersebut oleh para pihak sendiri maupun dari pihak lain. Namun, Klausul Pelepasan Tanggung Jawab Notaris tidak mengikat para pihak apabila Notaris melakukan kesalahan dalam pembuatan akta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung gugat Notaris atas akta yang dibuat oleh atau di hadapannya serta akibat hukum dari pencantuman klausul pelepasan tanggung jawab Notaris dalam akta yang dibuat oleh atau di hadapannya.
Potential of BRICS and SCO
Authors: Andreeva E. , Ratner A.
Published: February 2021

The authors consider current status and prospects of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the group of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). It is argued that both are formed by big quickly growing economies. This provides a good potential of economic cooperation. The authors single out the following factors. First of all, all member countries show positive dynamics of economic development. GDP in BRICS and SCO countries grew at the beginning of the XXI century significantly faster than in integration associations built by developed countries (EU, NAFTA). In general, the largest growing economies are on the raising wave of economic cycle and they invest a significant portion of national income into development. This secures them a benefit against developed countries. Secondly, the countries of SCO and BRICS possess vast human potential which is rapidly growing both quantitatively and qualitatively. Thirdly, they are rich in natural resources – in terms of both minerals and agro-climatic conditions. That is why these countries can economically complement each other. BRICS countries already practice economic partnership in a number of spheres – financial, agricultural, scientific and technological. As for investment partnership, the favorable prospects exist for carrying out multilateral mega-projects within BIRCS and SCO. Russia is especially interested in power engineering. Other prospective spheres include airspace, transportation infrastructure, environmental protection, education and vocational training. An important incentive to enhancing cooperation is common strive for transition from conservative resource-based type of development to the innovative economy. Acknowledgments. The article has been supported by the Program of Ural Division of RAS № 14 “Fundamental Problems of Regional Economies, 2015–2017”.
Regional Development Policy in Spain: Instruments and Mechanisms
Authors: Prokhorenko I.
Published: February 2021

The article explores practices of the regional development policy in Spain (in other words, regional policy) as the central government’s regulation of economic and territorial development, with a view to their possible efficiency for the Russian Federation. The author singles out Spanish regions (17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities) and local communities (provinces, municipalities and islands) as objects of the regional development policy, reviews goals and objectives of this policy. The paper focuses on analyzing, particularizing and comparing of instruments and mechanisms relevant to this policy line of the Spanish state, its institutional and political aspects in time of Franco's rule and during the post-Francoist period. The variation of economic development in the regions of Spain, different parameters of this variation and some factors of the autonomous communities' economic development are estimated. The specific character of interrelationship between central, regional and local authorities in the context of the Spanish State of Autonomies and of the territorial development dynamics, the peculiarities of the operational inter-budgetary relations model, problems of the local government and self-government as well as of decentralization of metro- and megapolises’ governance are examined. The questions of public discussions in Spanish society about the outcome and efficiency of the central government’s regional development policy are touched upon. The regional development policy in Spain is considered as extremely politicized, semi-structured, contentious and ambiguous in consequence of the legal and socio-economic asymmetry of the autonomous communities and also of the ongoing process of federalization in Spain. As in recent years Spain is steadily losing its previous status of the subsidized territory and is turning into a donor of the European Union regional policy, it is necessary for Spanish authorities to make the regional development policy more active and to take a different view of its objectives and opportunities. Acknowledgements. The work is executed according to the fundamental studies programme of the Presidium of RAS no. 31, project 6.6 “Foreign Experience of Regional Policy, and Possibilities of Its Usage in Russia”.