bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Not up for debate: U.S. news coverage of hunger in Africa
Authors: Kogen Lauren
Published: November 2014

This article explores how the U.S. news media construct the topic of hunger in Africa for U.S. audiences. Specifically, the article addresses how newspapers define and delimit the relationship between U.S. citizens and foreign sufferers. Through a framing analysis and critical discourse analysis of randomly sampled newspaper stories, the author finds that while news articles covering hunger in the United States usually frame the problem as pertinent to the public sphere, the victim as worthy of political action, and the reader as political agent, articles covering hunger in Africa frame the issue as irrelevant to the public sphere, the victim as removed from political action, and the reader as politically impotent. Interviews with journalists are used to understand why discrepancies occur.
Infrared Thermography as a Measure of Emotion Response
Authors: Clay-Warner Jody , Robinson Dawn T.
Published: November 2014

An ongoing challenge facing emotion researchers is finding appropriate measurement tools. Many of our theories focus on emotion in the context of dynamic interaction, yet many of our most relied-upon measures either interrupt or alter interaction. New research suggests that infrared thermography may be useful as a nonintrusive way to measure emotion. Here we discuss the viability of thermography for studying emotion response and advancing emotion theory.
Dependence on prescription medication
Authors: Steven Kathryn
Published: November 2014

Prescribing guidance from the General Medical Council states that ‘You must be prepared to explain and justify your decisions and actions when prescribing, administering and managing medicines’. This is particularly pertinent for drugs that are associated with a risk of dependency.
Comparing the Clinical Utility of the Infant Developmental Inventory With the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 9-Month Well-Child Visits
Authors: Hunter Lindsay R. , Myszkowski Mioki R. , Johnson Shirley K. , Rostad Paulette V. , Weaver Amy L. , Lynch Brian A.
Published: November 2014

Objective: The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical utility of administering 2 recommended developmental screening instruments, the Infant Developmental Inventory (IDI) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), at 9-month well-child visits in paper format. Methods: Outcomes of the 2 screens, including correct completion and interpretation by clinician, time of visit, and screen outcome were compared. Results: Out of 33 children administered the ASQ and with documented scores, 12 (36.4%) did not receive passing scores, while 5 (12.2%) of the 41 children administered the IDI did not receive passing scores ( P = .014). Out of 41 IDI screens, 12 (29.3%) were completed incorrectly, while there were no ASQ screens completed incorrectly ( P < .001) by caregivers. Conclusion: In our pilot study, the ASQ is more often completed correctly by caregivers and identifies more children at risk for delay as compared with the IDI. Additional larger scale studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of developmental screening tools when used within primary care practice.
Development of Severe Anemia and Changes in Hemoglobin in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Ugandan Adults Receiving Zidovudine-, Stavudine-, and Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens
Authors: Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Katende David , Levin Jonathan , Wakeham Katie , Heiner Grosskurth , Kamali Anatoli , Lalloo David G.
Published: November 2014

Introduction:

Anemia is a common problem in HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe the contribution of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen to the incidence of anemia and changes in hemoglobin (Hb) in HIV-infected patients in Uganda.

Methods:

This study was nested in a prevention of cryptococcal disease trial (CRYPTOPRO; ISCRTN7648152). Patients received 3 different backbones of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in a nonrandomized manner.

Results:

Of the 852 patients (161 on zidovudine [ZDV], 628 on stavudine [d4T], and 63 on tenofovir [TDF]; all received lamuvidine), the risk of developing grade 4 anemia was higher (adjusted hazard ratio 2.7) for those receiving ZDV than those receiving d4T. Those receivingd4T had a higher average increase in Hb than those receiving ZDV ( P = .024) or TDF ( P = .014).

Conclusion:

In this observational study, ZDV was associated with severe anemia compared to d4T or TDF; those receiving ZDV and TDF had smaller increases in Hb after ART initiation. We encourage publication of data on cohorts using TDF from Africa.
Resilience and Redundance: Resource Networks and the Neolithic Chert Economy at Çatalhöyük, Turkey
Authors: Nazaroff Adam Joseph , Baysal Adnan , Çiftçi Yahya , Prufer Keith
Published: November 2014

The polycentric nature of Neolithic developments in the Middle East has prompted several discussions related to the processes driving regional diversification in the emergence of agglomerate societies. Archaeologists have recognized how diverse social, environmental, and material landscapes shaped various communities, resulting in a heterogenous Neolithic world. In this paper, we use portable x-ray fluorescence analysis to determine the use of different chert resources at the site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, and question how their consumption affected, and was affected by, different social and material practices enacted within the community. We adopt a network perspective to examine the range of behaviours that consumed particular resources, and trace how alterations in these networks impacted the social fabric of Çatalhöyük. Ultimately, we conclude that different investments involved in the consumption of each resource either promoted or restricted their use through time. A more complete picture of Neolithic life, we suggest, takes note of the varied relationships that communities developed with nearby social and environmental landscapes, including nuances in the ways in which resources were incorporated into different facets of each community.
Using PhenX toolkit measures and other tools to assess urban/rural differences in health behaviors: recruitment methods and outcomes
Authors: Hitz Michael M , Conway Pat G , Palcher Jeanette A , McCarty Catherine A
Published: November 2014

Background

The overall study was designed to examine how vacation behavior affects rural and urban Minnesotans and North Dakotans. The purpose of this substudy was to describe the method for sampling, follow-up and response rate by gender and urban/rural location to help inform future studies in this population.

Methods

Essentia health primary care patients (n = 1344) were sent a 21-page self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographics, work history, perceived stress, work productivity, depression and mania screeners, tobacco use, dietary information, vacation habits, and technology use. Participants were offered $10 to complete the questionnaire.

Results

The overall response to the three mailings to 1344 adults aged 25–64 was 38.8% for a final sample size of 522 completed surveys. Despite the oversampling of males, the total number of responses from males was lower than for females. The response rates between urban and rural locations were nearly identical for the males (33.3% and 33.0% respectively) but higher for rural females than urban females (47.2% and 42.6% respectively). Seventy-eight percent were currently employed. Sixty-nine percent of the participants reported being married, 5.4% were living with a partner, 14% were divorced widowed or separated and 11% were never married. Forty-seven percent of our population had an associate degree or some college, 29% had a Bachelor’s degree or higher, 17% had their diploma or equivalent and 2% had not completed high school.

Conclusions

The goal of the sampling frame and recruitment strategy for this study was to assemble a cohort of approximately 1000 working adults, represented equally by age, gender and rural location. We ended up with a smaller cohort than desired. The law of diminishing returns was observed, although the third mailing was more effective for men than women.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Growth properties of Green-Sch potentials at infinity
Authors: Zhao Tao , Yamada Alexander
Published: November 2014

This paper gives growth properties of Green-Sch potentials at infinity in a cone, which generalizes results obtained by Qiao-Deng. The proof is based on the fact that the estimations of Green-Sch potentials with measures are connected with a kind of densities of the measures modified by the measures.

MSC: 35J10, 35J25.
Projection-embedded BYY learning algorithm for Gaussian mixture-based clustering
Authors: Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng-Ann , Xu Lei
Published: November 2014

On learning the Gaussian mixture model, existing BYY learning algorithms are featured by a gradient-based line search with an appropriate stepsize. Learning becomes either unstable if the stepsize is too large or slow and gets stuck in a local optimal solution if the stepsize is too small. An algorithm without a learning stepsize has been proposed with expectation-maximization (EM) like two alternative steps. However, its learning process may still be unstable. This paper tackles this problem of unreliability by a modified algorithm called projection-embedded Bayesian Ying-Yang learning algorithm (pBYY). Experiments have shown that pBYY outperforms learning algorithms developed from not only minimum message length with Jeffreys prior (MML-Jef) and Variational Bayesian with Dirichlet-Normal-Wishart (VB-DNW) prior but also BYY with these priors (BYY-Jef and BYY-DNW). pBYY obtains the superiority with an easy implementation, while DNW prior-based learning algorithms suffer a complicated and tedious computation load. The performance of pBYY has also been demonstrated on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset for the topic of unsupervised image segmentation. The resulted performances of semantic image segmentation have shown that pBYY outperforms not only MML-Jef, VB-DNW, BYY-Jef, and BYY-DNW but also three leading image segmentation algorithms, namely gPb-owt-ucm, MN-Cut, and mean shift.
Interstitial Movements in the Works of Hanada Kiyoteru: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yoshida Ken
Published: November 2014

This is a study of Hanada Kiyoteru, a communist literary and art critic whose position in the world of postwar art criticism has gone relatively unexamined in Japanese studies and art history in English. One of the more aggressive critical figures during the immediate postwar era, he helped to foster a community of art critics and artists who carried into practice aspects of his dialectical and surrealist-inflected method of reading. He was in many ways responsible for signifying how postwar avant-garde art should be read, as well as how the prewar efforts could be revived to continue the leftist struggle. This article is primarily concerned with his earlier work, starting from his first collection of essays, Spirit of Renaissance (1946), to his well-known Avant-Garde Art (1954), touching upon some of his major motifs found in these texts. Beginning with Hanada's concern for the “transformative age” referred to as tenkeiki, the article examines his dynamic thinking process, which mirrored the very performative maneuvers he saw in the figures who occupied a transitional period. His investment in the historical interstice was a way to escape essentialism, humanism, and ultimately, Japan. He did so in order to conceive of plurality, nonhuman agency, and becoming. This article, rather than to place Hanada in the historical context in which he wrote, treats his work aesthetically, paying particular attention to the rhythmic and agile movement of his writing and thought.
Will enhanced planning for the elderly reduce hospital visits?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: November 2014

Professor Alan Glasper from the University of Southampton discusses the latest initiative from the Department of Health and Department for Communities and Local Government to improve care planning for the elderly in the community
A brief review of survival prediction of advanced cancer patients
Authors: Thai Vincent , Tarumi Yoko , Wolch Gary
Published: November 2014

Survival prediction of advanced cancer patients remains an important task for palliative clinicians. It has transformed from an art form into a more scientific branch of the discipline with the evolution of palliative medicine and use of statistical estimates of survival. Both clinician predicted survival and actuarial estimation of survival have their uses and drawbacks. This article gives a practical and quick summary of the pros and cons of clinician survival prediction and actuarial-based prognostic tools used at the bedside.
End-of-life care perspectives of patients and health professionals in an Indian health-care setting
Authors: Chacko Ranjitha , Anand Jasmin Ruby , Rajan Amala , John Subhashini , Jeyaseelan Vishalakshi
Published: November 2014

Aim:

This descriptive study set out to explore the end-of-life care perspectives both of patients with advanced carcinoma and of health-care professionals in a tertiary health-care setting in India.

Method:

A descriptive approach was undertaken to assess the end-of-life care perspectives from a sample of 140 patients and 40 health-care professionals. Data was collected through structured interviews with the patients and by self-administered questionnaire from the health-care professionals.

Results:

There was a significant association in attitudes to artificial prolongation of life with age and religion. Patients placed a higher degree of importance on emotional, social, physical and spiritual dimensions of care compared to the health-care professionals.

Conclusion:

There is an urgent call for formulating an end-of-life care policy and advance directives for patients with terminal illness in India. Nurses and physicians should be proactive in offering key supportive services to ensure patient autonomy and facilitate good death.
Managing patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ferenbach Hazel , Conway Bryan
Published: November 2014

Levels of obesity continue to rise across the world, challenging health-care services and further impacting on people living with long-term conditions. In this article, Hazel Ferenbach and Bryan Conway outline the reasons why people are becoming obese and overweight, and how health professionals can manage this in patients with chronic kidney disease.
From a lifetime facing dialysis, to a new kidney and a brighter future
Authors: McCowie Shaun
Published: November 2014

When he was 29 years old, Shaun McCowie was diagnosed with a rare type of kidney disease which made it impossible to have a kidney transplant. However, after 25 years spent on dialysis, Shaun had a successful kidney transplant in 2014 after taking a pioneering new drug.
Simultaneous Visualization of Water and Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Using Two-Photon Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Larsson Kajsa , Johansson Olof , Aldén Marcus , Bood Joakim
Published: November 2014

A concept based on a combination of photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) and two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is for the first time demonstrated for simultaneous detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) vapor. Water detection is based on two-photon excitation by an injection-locked krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser (248.28 nm), which induces broadband fluorescence (400-500 nm) from water. The same laser simultaneously photodissociates H2O2, whereupon the generated OH fragments are probed by LIF after a time delay of typically 50 ns, by a frequency-doubled dye laser (281.91 nm). Experiments in six different H2O2/H2O mixtures of known compositions show that both signals are linearly dependent on respective species concentration. For the H2O2 detection there is a minor interfering signal contribution from OH fragments created by two-photon photodissociation of H2O. Since the PF-LIF signal yield from H2O2 is found to be at least ∼24 000 times higher than the PF-LIF signal yield from H2O at room temperature, this interference is negligible for most H2O/H2O2 mixtures of practical interest. Simultaneous single-shot imaging of both species was demonstrated in a slightly turbulent flow. For single-shot imaging the minimum detectable H2O2 and H2O concentration is 10 ppm and 0.5%, respectively. The proposed measurement concept could be a valuable asset in several areas, for example, in atmospheric and combustion science and research on vapor-phase H2O2 sterilization in the pharmaceutical and aseptic food-packaging industries.
Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Parvathavarthini Natarajan , Mudali Uthandi Kamachi
Published: November 2014

The thermal exposure of austenitic stainless steels in the temperature range of 500°C–800°C results in the precipitation of chromium-rich M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries and concomitant chromium depletion. When chromium level falls below 12% at such depleted zones, the material is said to be sensitized. When the sensitized material is exposed to corrosive media, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking take place. ASTM standard A262-13 is available for detecting the susceptibility to IGC. However, the extent of chromium depletion of shop-fabricated or field-constructed components is required to determine the presence or absence of sensitization for critical applications. In this review, various electrochemical techniques that can be employed to assess the degree of sensitization (DOS) in austenitic stainless steels are critically reviewed. Techniques such as electrochemical potentiokinetic and potentiostatic reactivation with recent modifications for the accurate estimation of the DOS are analyzed. The possibility of using AC impedance technique and electrochemical noise technique for assessing the DOS is also presented. The merits and demerits of each technique and areas where further research should be focused are presented in this review.
Study on Carbide in Forged and Annealed H13 Hot Work Die Steel
Authors: Li Ji , Li Jing , Wang Liangliang , Li Longfei
Published: November 2014

The present work studied the carbides in forged and annealed H13 hot work die steel. The carbides were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and analyzed with quantitative chemical analysis method. The carbide types, qualities and compositions in dependence on temperatures were thermodynamically calculated by Thermo-Calc software and compared with the experimental results. In the final, methods for carbide improvement were discussed. The results are as follows. The primary carbides and the carbide segregation are improved after the hot-forging operation. The carbides in the hot-forged and annealed H13 steel are M
Maya Angelou: A Trickster’s Tale
Authors: Cogeanu Oana
Published: November 2014

Maya Angelou’s travelogue All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986) has been read as a quintessential (African-)American story of self-discovery, with critics celebrating Angelou’s ability to find her own identity within or against prescriptive images of womanhood and blackness. This article argues, quite the contrary, that Maya’s ‘success story’ is due to a constant deferral of identification, which results from a reluctance to fully identify with any image imposed from without or within and thus to become complicit in one’s (self-)containment. To highlight the method and results of Maya’s self-deferral, this article focuses on a central episode in the travelogue reporting an acting trip to Berlin where Maya jokingly sets the stage for a confrontation of the Black, the White, and the Jew. The article describes Maya’s behavior as an act of trickstery, in the sense conceptualized by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. based on African-American folklore, and further uses the trickster episode to illustrate, as well as to challenge, Gates’ theory of signifyin(g) as accounting for the discrete black difference of African-American literature.
‘The Saving Power of Hallucination’: Elizabeth Bowen’s “Mysterious Kôr” and Female Romance
Authors: Lojo-Rodríguez Laura
Published: November 2014

This article discusses Elizabeth Bowen’s appropriation of a traditionally male-addressed literary genre, namely, of what Elaine Showalter has termed “male romance,” which Bowen radically reformulates in order to foreground the complexity of female subjectivity and sexuality against a backdrop of war. In her short story “Mysterious Kôr” (1945), Bowen both draws and departs from Henry Rider Haggard’s prototypical male romance She: A History of Adventure (1887) not only by intertextually incorporating Haggard’s literary landscape in her story, but also by inserting contemporary assessments of Haggard’s novel – most notably those of his friend and admirer Andrew Lang in his sonnet “She” (1888). Like Haggard and Lang, Bowen produced “Mysterious Kôr” in years marked by a profound sense of crisis and disenchantment which, in Bowen’s case, was enhanced by the horrors of the Blitz War in London. Haggard, Lang, and Bowen articulate their respective narratives as a literary response to such disenchantment, shaped as a quest-myth of ‘re-enchantment’ which departs from a civilization on the verge of collapse to a mythical destination. However, Bowen is also careful in articulating difference from Haggard’s male narrative and Lang’s appreciation of it: Departing from many of these writers’ literary motifs, Bowen produces a female version of an imaginative escape which entails a woman’s experience of war, and her mental strategies to preserve sanity.
Immune-Induced Fever Is Mediated by IL-6 Receptors on Brain Endothelial Cells Coupled to STAT3-Dependent Induction of Brain Endothelial Prostaglandin Synthesis
Authors: Eskilsson Anna , Mirrasekhian Elahe , Dufour Sylvie , Schwaninger Markus , Engblom David , Blomqvist Anders
Published: November 2014

The cytokine IL-6, which is released upon peripheral immune challenge, is critical for the febrile response, but the mechanism by which IL-6 is pyrogenic has remained obscure. Here we generated mice with deletion of the membrane bound IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα) on neural cells, on peripheral nerves, on fine sensory afferent fibers, and on brain endothelial cells, respectively, and examined its role for the febrile response to peripherally injected lipopolysaccharide. We show that IL-6Rα on neural cells, peripheral nerves, and fine sensory afferents are dispensable for the lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, whereas IL-6Rα in the brain endothelium plays an important role. Hence deletion of IL-6Rα on brain endothelial cells strongly attenuated the febrile response, and also led to reduced induction of the prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme Cox-2 in the hypothalamus, the temperature-regulating center in the brain, as well as reduced expression of SOCS3, suggesting involvement of the STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, deletion of STAT3 in the brain endothelium also resulted in attenuated fever. These data show that IL-6, when endogenously released during systemic inflammation, is pyrogenic by binding to IL-6Rα on brain endothelial cells to induce prostaglandin synthesis in these cells, probably in concerted action with other peripherally released cytokines.
Abeta(1-42) induces abnormal alternative splicing of tau exons 2/3 in NGF-induced PC12 cells
Authors: LAGUNES TERESA , HERRERA-RIVERO MARISOL , HERNÁNDEZ-AGUILAR MARÍA ELENA , ARANDA-ABREU GONZALO E.
Published: November 2014

Protein tau plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, where its hyperphos-phorylation promotes aggregation and microtubule destabilization. Tau undergoes alternative splicing which generates six isoforms in the human brain, due to inclusion/exclusion of exons 2, 3 and 10. Dysregulation of the splicing process of tau exon 10 is sufficient to cause tauopathy and has shown to be influenced by beta-amyloid peptides, but splicing of other exons is less studied. We studied the effects of beta-amyloid(42) in the alternative splicing of tau exons 2/3 and 6, using untreated and Nerve Growth Factor-induced PC12 cells. Beta-amyloid exposure caused formed cell processes to retract in differentiated cells and altered the expression of exons 2/3 in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Expression of exon 6 was repressed in undifferentiated cells only. Our results suggest that beta-amyloid interferes with the splicing process of exons 2/3, favoring their exclusion and thus the expression of immature tau isoforms that are less efficient in stabilizing microtubules and may also be more prone to hyperphosphorylation. The molecular mechanism for this amyloid-tau interaction remains to be determined, but may have potential implications for the understanding of the underlying neuropathological processes in Alzheimer's disease.
Efeitos do aumento da tensão de cisalhamento do vento no clima do Hemisfério Sul obtido do modelo acoplado SPEEDO
Authors: Machado Jeferson Prietsch , Justino Flávio , Pezzi Luciano Ponzi
Published: November 2014

Estudos têm sugerido uma intensificação e um deslocamento do máximo da tensão de cisalhamento do vento (TCV) para latitudes mais altas no Oceano Austral, em função de um aumento na magnitude do vento em latitudes extratropicais no Hemisfério Sul. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho é investigar o comportamento anômalo das circulações oceânica e atmosférica devido ao aumento da TCV em 50% na região equatorial e extratropical do Hemisfério Sul. Pretende-se, especificamente, analisar as alterações no gradiente inter-hemisférico de anomalias de TSM e na Oscilação Antártica. Para tal fim, utiliza-se um modelo climático acoplado de complexidade intermediária (SPEEDO). Os resultados demonstram que a intensificação da TCV na região equatorial, ocasiona uma diminuição da temperatura da superfície do mar na região tropical, devido ao aumento da ressurgência, favorecendo a mudanças no gradiente inter-hemisférico de anomalias de TSM e uma intensificação da precipitação no nordeste brasileiro. Por outro lado, a intensificação da TCV na região extratropical do Hemisfério Sul induz a um aumento da temperatura da superfície do mar e do ar em médias e altas latitudes do Hemisfério Sul, além de uma redução na espessura do gelo marinho Antártico, favorecendo ao enfraquecimento da fase positiva da Oscilação Antártica.
Impacto de perfis de rádio ocultação GNSS na qualidade das Previsões de tempo do CPTEC/INPE
Authors: Sapucci Luiz Fernando , Bastarz Carlos Frederico , Cerqueira Flávio , Avanço Lucas Amarante , Herdies Dirceu Luis
Published: November 2014

Estudos sobre a sensibilidade dos modelos de previsão numérica de tempo a erros nas condições iniciais têm evidenciado a contribuição da assimilação de dados na melhoria do desempenho dos mesmos em descrever o estado futuro da atmosfera. Entre outras fontes de dados, a assimilação de perfis atmosféricos obtidos por rádio ocultação Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tem-se destacado como uma ferramenta adicional na redução das deficiências do sistema de coleta de dados meteorológicos. Com o intuito de explorar os benefícios dessa fonte adicional de dados na previsão numérica de tempo gerada pelo modelo de circulação geral atmosférico do CPTEC/INPE, foram realizados experimentos assimilando perfis atmosféricos de altura geopotencial e umidade obtidos por rádio ocultação GNSS, utilizando dados da constelação Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere & Climate (COSMIC), para os meses de janeiro e julho de 2009. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto é significativamente positivo durante o verão em todas as variáveis de estado, com ganhos expressivos na extensão das previsões válidas (coeficiente de correlação de anomalia acima de 60%), os quais foram em alguns casos superiores a 48 horas. Esse impacto foi ainda maior sobre a América do Sul com resultados positivos mesmo durante o inverno.
Estresse por deficiência hídrica em genótipos de Brachiaria brizantha
Authors: Pezzopane Cristiana de Gaspari , Santos Patrícia Menezes , Cruz Pedro Gomes da , Altoé Jonas , Ribeiro Felipe Azevedo , Valle Cacilda Borges do
Published: November 2014

O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, utilizando acessos de Brachiaria brizantha. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 2 X 4, sendo dois tratamentos (com e sem déficit hídrico) e quatro genótipos. O grupo de genótipos avaliado foi formado pelas cultivares 'BRS Piatã', 'Marandú', 'Xaraés' e 'BRS Paiaguás', sendo o experimento realizado durante o mês de julho de 2008. As variáveis analisadas foram massa seca total, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de raiz, massa seca de colmo, massa seca de folha, taxa de alongamento foliar, área foliar, área foliar específica. O estresse por deficiência hídrica exerceu efeito negativo em todas as características estudadas e em todos os acessos avaliados. A cultivar 'BRS Piatã' foi o genótipo que menos apresentou alteração entre os tratamentos com e sem déficit hídrico, indicando portanto, tolerância dessa cultivar em relação ao estresse por falta de água no solo nessas condições experimentais
Necessidades térmicas de videiras na região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil
Authors: Radünz André Luiz , Schöffel Edgar Ricardo , Borges Carolina Terra , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa , Pötter Gabriela Hermann
Published: November 2014

A vitivinicultura, reconhecida por sua importância econômica e social no Rio Grande do Sul, tem ampliado sua fronteira de produção para a região da Campanha. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o comportamento fenológico, bem como a necessidade térmica em graus-dia e a necessidade em dias, de cultivares de uvas finas destinadas à produção de vinhos, quando cultivadas na região da Campanha, local de recente introdução da espécie com caráter econômico. Os dados utilizados foram coletados em um vinhedo comercial, localizado no município de Dom Pedrito - RS, Brasil, durante as safras de 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010, 2010/2011 e 2011/2012. Foram utilizadas as cultivares, 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 'Tannat', 'Tempranillo', 'Merlot', 'Gewurztraminer', 'Sauvignon Blanc' e 'Chardonnay'. Os resultados demonstram que as cultivares respondem de forma diferente quanto à necessidade térmica, em Graus-dia (GD), e à necessidade em dias para completar o ciclo, necessitando, em média, respectivamente, 2084 GD e 174 dias para a 'Cabernet Sauvignon', 1937 GD e 166 dias para 'Tempranillo', 1893 GD e 161dias para a 'Merlot', 1793 GD e 156 dias para 'Tannat', 1759 GD e 147 dias para a 'Sauvignon Blanc', 1689 GD e 152 dias para a 'Chardonnay' e 1606 GD e 145 dias para a 'Gewurztraminer'. A maior necessidade térmica é na fase de desenvolvimento do fruto e maturação do fruto e a menor necessidade, na fase de floração
A ideologia em Althusser e Laclau: diálogos (im)pertinentes
Authors: Motta Luiz Eduardo , Serra Carlos Henrique Aguiar
Published: November 2014

A teoria política de Ernesto Laclau é uma das principais referências no campo da Ciência Política ao debate sobre o populismo e a democracia contemporânea, além de sua contribuição ao conceito de ideologia e na análise de discurso. Contudo, os estudos sobre este autor não têm explorado a influência do marxismo, sobretudo de Louis Althusser, em sua obra. O objetivo deste trabalho é resgatar essa influência e apontar o diálogo entre esses dois autores, tendo como elo os conceitos (que possuem certa ligação com a psicanálise de Lacan) de ideologia e sobredeterminação, além da questão da contingência que se tornou um dos aspectos mais relevantes na obra de ambos os autores a partir da década de 1980. Para compreendermos a contribuição de Althusser e Laclau ao conceito de ideologia, analisamos dois eixos: (i) o primeiro trata da inovação que Althusser dá a esse conceito ao situá-lo no plano das relações imaginárias e na definição de sujeito descentrado; (ii) em seguida, a contribuição de Laclau a partir dos pressupostos althusserianos, dando uma nova definição à ideologia populista-nacionalista, e a redefinição de sua teoria ao privilegiar o conceito de discurso em substituição ao de ideologia. Na conclusão apontamos que o conceito de ideologia de Althusser demonstra ter mais precisão conceitual por ser definido como uma prática articulada a outras práticas distintamente da concepção discursiva (e reducionista) defendida posteriormente por Laclau. Percebemos, portanto, que a teoria da ideologia de Althusser mantém-se atual no campo do pensamento crítico, não somente no que concerne aos aspectos reprodutores, mas também transformadores das relações de poder.
Experimental osteoarthritis model by means of medial meniscectomy in rats and effects of diacerein administration and hyaluronic acid injection
Authors: Rezende Marcia Uchôa , Hernandez Arnaldo José , Oliveira Claudia Regina Gomes Cardim Mendes , Bolliger Neto Raul
Published: November 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The development of a slow and progressive mechanical model for osteoarthritis is important for correlation with clinical practice, and for evaluating the effects of disease-modifying medications. A mechanical osteoarthritis model was developed to evaluate the effects of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection and oral diacerein administration. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental study at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universidade de São Paulo. METHOD: Total medial meniscectomy was performed on seven groups of ten Wistar rats each, comprising four control groups (C) and three study groups (S). C.I: operated, non-medicated; C.II: operated, injections of HA vehicle; C.III: non-operated, non-medicated; C.IV: operated, non-medicated, sacrificed three months post-meniscectomy; S.I: operated, receiving intra-articular HA injections; S.II: operated, oral diacerein from the third to the seventh postoperative month; S.III: operated, received both medications. All the animals (except C.IV) were sacrificed seven months post-meniscectomy. All femurs and tibias were assessed histologically. RESULTS: The most severe degenerative histological changes were in the tibias of the operated knees. On the contralateral side, all groups had mild changes on the tibial surface. The femoral surface had slight changes. C.I showed severe changes. S.II results matched those of C.IV. HA protected the tibial surface. S.II and S.III had similar results. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The experimental model produced mild arthritis after three months and severe arthritis after seven months; 2) diacerein reduced the degenerative changes in both knees; 3) HA protected the joint cartilage; 4) Combining the two drugs did not improve the results.
A crise da potência inteligente: os EUA e a grande estratégia de acomodação no governo Obama
Authors: Jesus Diego Santos Vieira de
Published: November 2014

Os objetivos do artigo são explicar (i) a adoção da grande estratégia de acomodação, pelos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), durante a administração de Barack Obama, para lidar com as principais ameaças a tal Estado no nível internacional e (ii) examinar os efeitos da crise econômico-financeira internacional iniciada em 2008 sobre a atuação internacional dos EUA. Foi desenvolvido, a partir da perspectiva analítica de Joseph S. Nye Jr. acerca do conceito de "poder inteligente", um estudo qualitativo no qual se buscou sustentar três argumentos centrais: (i) a adoção da grande estratégia de acomodação mostrou-se relacionada ao conceito de "poder inteligente" que informa as posições da administração Obama; (ii) a crise não provocou um desafio fundamental à posição predominante dos EUA no sistema internacional, mas confirmou a necessidade de reajuste da grande estratégia de tal Estado na direção da acomodação dos interesses de grandes potências, economias emergentes e Estados hostis aos EUA; (iii) o reajuste da grande estratégia norte-americana não atingiu plenamente os resultados almejados por tal administração em face da cooperação limitada por parte de outras grandes potências, economias emergentes e Estados hostis aos EUA. As principais conclusões apontam que os EUA podem reforçar sua posição de "potência inteligente" se investirem mais em bens públicos globais, oferecendo o que povos e governos ao redor do mundo desejam, mas não conseguem sozinhos. Ao complementarem seu poder militar e econômico com um investimento maior em seu poder brando, os EUA poderiam reconstruir a estrutura necessária para lidar com desafios globais.
Crisis?: What (Type) of Crisis? The overlapping problems of the European Union
Authors: Lehmann Kai
Published: November 2014

It is common today, even in the European media, to treat the current crisis of the European Union almost exclusively as an economic crisis. The present article pretends to show that such a focus is not only wrong but is indeed dangerous for the future development of the European Union as a whole. The article will argue that the present economic crisis simply aggravated – and a lot – a crisis of legitimacy through which the European Union has been passing for some time. Showing that the anti-European tendencies which are spreading throughout the countries of the continent threaten the very future of the European project, the article will make suggestion on reforms for the future development of the EU, alerting to the necessity to finally elaborate once again a coherent argument for the continuation of the European integration process which puts the European population at the heart of the political process instead of just austerity.
Turkey's role as a regional and global player and its power capacity: Turkey's engagement with other emerging states
Authors: Gürzel Aylin
Published: November 2014

Turkey's role as a regional power has increased since Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power. AKP leadership not only aspired to become a regional power but also a global player. Turkey has, therefore, assumed different roles: the "natural leader" of the region; a historical "big brother;" and the "protector" of the Muslim minorities. Turkey has also assumed a "mediator" and a "facilitator" role by trying to negotiate a deal with an emerging power such as Brazil in order to attempt to resolve the controversial Iranian nuclear issue. By making use of recent developments, Turkey tried to solidify its long desired role as a "rising power" by increasing its influence in its neighborhood and engaging with other emerging powers. The concept "regional power" is a context-based notion. In other words, the location and geography are contesting and disputed approaches. Notwithstanding the fact that concepts such as "region" and "power" are social constructed reality, this paper analyzes the notion of 'regional power' as a subcategory of 'power'. In this context, this paper will make use of Stefan Schim's criteria while analyzing Turkey's power capacity in the region. Schim posits that the "regional power" needs to have a "role definition," and it should possess material power (hard power). It should also have economic as well as diplomatic and organizational capacity. Its power whether it is 'soft power' (attraction of ones idea's and or the ability to set the political agenda in a way that shapes the preferences of other actors) or 'hard power' (material power that can be measured-economic and military power) needs to be acknowledged by other actors in the region. It should also be accepted by great powers and emerging powers that are determinant in the international system. dditionally, the regional power (and/ or global power) needs to have leverage, thus its power projection needs to yield results. Kalevi Holsti's role theory will be used as theoretical framework to analyze foreign policy behavior of the AKP. The paper will, thus, seek to find out Turkey's roles.
Genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden for resistance to Puccinia psidii
Authors: Pinto Cleber da Silva , Costa Rodolfo Manoel Lemes da , Moraes Cristiano Bueno de , Pieri Cristiane de , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Furtado Edson Luiz , Mori Edson Seizo
Published: November 2014

This study investigated the genetic variability in progenies of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden for resistance against rust (Puccinia psidii). Field experiments were installed in two regions with differentsoil-climatic conditions. Open-pollinated progenies were established in arandomized complete block design. Sixty and 48 progenies were evaluated underfield conditions at two sites, respectively, with six replications and eight trees per plot. In another experiment in a controlled environment, 53 progenies were evaluated in randomized blocks with six replications and nine plants perplot. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, severity of pestattack and the most susceptible stage to the leaf disease. The genetic variability for rust resistance in the E. dunnii population under studywas high, with a genetic coefficient of variation of 36.07%; 7% of thee valuated progenies were rust-resistant. It indicates a high potential for selection and breeding of the species.
Genetic base of paddy rice cultivars of Southern Brazil
Authors: Raimondi Juliana Vieira , Marschalek Rubens , Nodari Rubens Onofre
Published: November 2014

The genetic knowledge of the germplasm is crucial to the plant breeding in order todevelop new varieties. This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic similarity of 40 rice cultivarsdeveloped in Southern Brazil with the use of two tolls: genealogy and AFLP markers. The genealogy approach showed that 90% of the cultivars were developed from only six parents, revealing a narrow genetic basis among these cultivars.A little genetic diversity among them was confirmed by AFLP markers, since 111polymorphic markers identified 87% similarity among them. The geneticsimilarity among the cultivars released by Epagri in Santa Catarina state waslower, compared to that among the cultivars released by others public institutions, Embrapa and Irga. This study has demonstrated that rice cultivars developed in Southern Brazil have narrow genetic base, which suggests high genetic vulnerability risk.
La polisemia y la lingüística de gentrificación
Authors: Gutiérrez Rafael Andrés Barrera
Published: November 2014

El estudio en Colombia del fenómeno de la gentrificación es reducido y por lo mismo se han utilizado diferentes términos para designarlo. El presente artículo hace una revisión sobre el origen del término gentrification e intenta explicar su significado y el contexto en que se desarrolló. Tiene como objetivo revisar la pertinencia de usar traducciones en castellano que apuntan a darle un significado particular al fenómeno. Se sostiene que el término de “gentrificación”, que se viene utilizando por parte de algunos estudiosos del tema, es el que mejor se acerca a expresar el fenómeno que se pretende estudiar. Además de una connotación ideológica, el término conceptualiza un proceso que no es homogéneo entre ciudades ni dentro de las mismas, donde confluyen intereses tanto públicos como privados, que no solo trata del cambio del territorio sino de las percepciones y los comportamientos que surgen alrededor de este y que en general resulta excluyente, diferenciador y enfocado en el consumo.
A evolução das formas de gentrificação: estratégias comerciais locais e o contexto parisiense
Authors: Cerqueira Eugênia Dória Viana
Published: November 2014

A literatura atual sobre os processos de gentrificação concentra-se principalmente na análise de áreas impactadas por operações de renovação urbana. O presente artigo resulta de uma reflexão qualitativa sobre a evolução das dinâmicas de gentrificação que prioriza o detalhamento de um processo de transformação urbana espontâneo e pontual, espacializado em um quartier parisiense. A pesquisa descrita visa a expandir a tradicional interpretação da gentrificação residencial e focar-se nas lógicas comerciais, que constituem elementos capitais na construção do espaço urbano. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma abordagem pluridisciplinar que se propõe a identificar os impactos socioespaciais, as tensões traçadas, assim como as representações urbanas decorrentes do processo em questão.
As desigualdades fontes de dinâmicas urbanas no centro histórico de Lisboa
Authors: Galhardo Jacques
Published: November 2014

O centro histórico de Lisboa tornou-se, nos anos 1980, ponto fulcral para os agentes públicos locais que tentam torná-lo vitrine da capital e um dos motores das dinâmicas urbanas. Diferentemente do que foi escrito pelos anglo-saxões nos anos 1960, o enobrecimento socioespacial não aparece como objetivo. Pelo contrário, as políticas públicas procuram claramente manter e ajudar as populações instaladas nos bairros históricos da capital. Esse esforço está patente nas estatísticas ou nas próprias desigualdades persistentes, observadas nesse espaço. Longe de ser uma barreira, parece pelo contrário que essas políticas são um dos motores das dinâmicas em centro histórico.
Revitalização para quem? Política urbana e gentrificação no Centro de Santos
Authors: Santos André da Rocha
Published: November 2014

O artigo aborda, a partir do conceito de gentrificação de Neil Smith, o processo de enobrecimento do território santista e de revitalização do Centro Histórico que vem ocorrendo no município desde meados da década de 1990. A partir da análise de quatro administrações municipais – 1997-2000; 2001-2004 do PPB e 2005-2008; 2009-2012 do PMDB – e suas respectivas políticas de planejamento urbano, é interpretado como visões pró-mercado, referente à temática urbana, têm influenciado na elitização do município e na gentrificação da área central, somado-se à falta de uma política de inclusão social dos moradores de cortiços e habitações precárias.
Análise de associação quanto à produtividade e seus caracteres componentes em linhagens e cultivares de arroz de terras altas
Authors: Mendes Clistiane dos Anjos , Borba Tereza Cristina de Oliveira , Bueno Luíce Gomes , Cruzeiro Gustavo Alencastro Veiga , Mendonça João Antônio , Pantalião Gabriel Feresin , Vianello Rosana Pereira , Brondani Claudio
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar, por meio da análise de mapeamento associativo, os marcadores moleculares relacionados à produtividade do arroz de terras altas e aos seus caracteres componentes. Foram usadas 113 linhagens e cultivares de arroz de terras altas, da Coleção Nuclear de Arroz da Embrapa, com reduzido vínculo genético entre si. Os seguintes caracteres componentes da produtividade foram avaliados: número de panículas por metro, número de grãos por panícula e peso de 100 grãos. Dos 115 marcadores utilizados, 25 (21,7%) associaram-se significativamente a um ou mais caracteres. Entre os 29 SSR ("simple sequence repeats") colocalizados em QTL ("quantitative trait loci") de produtividade de arroz, 12 foram associados aos caracteres avaliados e considerados como candidatos para uso na seleção assistida por marcadores. Os marcadores NP914540, Q6ZGD1 e Q69JE3, associados ao número de grãos por panícula, ainda não foram anotados no arroz e podem constituir o ponto de partida para estudos de genômica funcional. Entre os marcadores derivados de sequências transcritas, NP914526 e NP914533 destacam-se por pertencer a rotas metabólicas relacionadas ao aumento do potencial produtivo de arroz.