bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transoral Robotic Surgery Versus Chemoradiation Treatment in Oropharyngeal Cancer: Case-matched Comparison of Survival and Swallowing Outcomes
Authors: Sommerfeld Connor , Jeffery Caroline , Clark Jessica M , O'Connell Daniel A , Harris Jeffrey , Seikaly Hadi , Biron Vincent
Published: August 2019

Background

As the incidence of HPV/p16-positve oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continues to rise, a large population of survivors with treatment related morbidity is emerging. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an excellent surgical option for p16-positive OPSCC but data comparing both survival and swallowing outcomes of this treatment versus radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) remains limited.

Methods

Data was prospectively collected (05/2014 - 02/2019) in a tertiary care referral center from OPSCC patients treated with curative intent by TORS (+/-post-operative RT/CRT) or RT/CRT. Surgical and non-surgical treatment groups were case-matched for smoking status, T-stage, and N-stage based on AJCC 8th edition staging. Patients who were treated with curative intent by TORS (+/-post-operative RT/CRT) or RT/CRT for OPSCC were included. Overall survival, recurrence free survival, aspiration free survival and gastrostomy tube outcomes were compared using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.

Results

A total of 82 patients treated with TORS were case-matched with 61 patients who received RT/CRT. TORS patients demonstrated a significantly (p=0.02) higher overall survival (OS) at 3 years (OS=93.2%) compared to RT/CRT patients (OS=78.9%). No statistically significant difference was seen in recurrence free survival when comparing the two groups. TORS patients demonstrated an aspiration free survival (AFS) of 64.7% compared to 26.1% in RT/CRT patients (p=0.02 Log-Rank, 0.018 Breslow). TORS patients also had significantly (p < 0.01) lower gastrostomy tube placement (13.4%) compared to RT/CRT (22.9%) at any point during treatment.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing treatment by TORS may have comparable survival and improved swallowing outcomes when compared to those undergoing RT/CRT for HPV-OPSCC.
The Short Run Effects of Health Aid in Low Income Countries:Evidence from Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Negeri Keneni Gutema
Published: August 2019

Background The effect of health targeted aid in developing countries is debatable. This paper examines the short run effect of health aid on health status in low income countries of the world. Method The study estimates the short run effect of health aid on health status in low income countries. Infant mortality rate was used as a proxy for health status and a panel data was constructed from 34 countries for the period between 2000 and 2017. For the estimation, first difference GMM and System GMM were employed. Results The estimation results confirm the argument that health aid has a beneficial and statistically significant short run effect on the health status of low income countries: doubling health aid saves the lives of 20 infants per 10,000 live births. Conclusion From the findings of this paper it can be concluded that health aid could be one of the best tools with which the broader health status gap currently observed between high income and low income groups, could be eliminated and hence the target of Universal Health Coverage is met. However, recipient countries need to find ways of promoting domestic factors that have favorable impact on health sector as they cannot persistently relay up on external resources.
Open XXZ chain and boundary modes at zero temperature
Authors: Grijalva Sebastian , De Nardis Jacopo , Terras Véronique
Published: August 2019

We study the open XXZ spin chain in the anti-ferromagnetic regime and for generic longitudinal magnetic fields at the two boundaries. We discuss the ground state via the Bethe ansatz and we show that, for a chain of even length L and in a regime where both boundary magnetic fields are equal and bounded by a critical field, the spectrum is gapped and the ground state is doubly degenerate up to exponentially small corrections in L. We connect this degeneracy to the presence of a boundary root, namely an excitation localized at one of the two boundaries. We compute the local magnetization at the left edge of the chain and we show that, due to the existence of a boundary root, this depends also on the value of the field at the opposite edge, even in the half-infinite chain limit. Moreover we give an exact expression for the large time limit of the spin autocorrelation at the boundary, which we explicitly compute in terms of the form factor between the two quasi-degenerate ground states. This, as we show, turns out to be equal to the contribution of the boundary root to the local magnetization.
We finally discuss the case of chains of odd length.
Empoderar a la ciudadanía mediante la educación en medios (Empower citizenship through education in digital media)
Authors: García Ruiz Rosa , Pérez Escoda Ana
Published: August 2019

La educación sigue siendo un valor sustancial en la sociedad actual, por lo que se avanza permanentemente por adaptar sus fines y contenidos a las necesidades y retos que se le plantea a la ciudadanía.En este contexto digitalizado y tecnológico, el uso de Internet ha supuesto una oportunidad sin precedentes para los sistemas educativos provocando que la innovación educativa desarrolle nuevas formas de aprender y de enseñar, y se favorezca la aparición de nuevos roles en docentes y estudiantes, no solo como consumidores de recursos y medios digitales, sino como creadores de contenidos que comparten con la comunidad. Empoderar a la ciudadanía en el uso adecuado de los medios digitales requiere la adaptación del currículo para favorecer la competencia mediática en la comunidad educativa.
Integración de las TIC en la educación escolar: importancia de la coordinación, la formación y la organización interna de los centros educativos desde un análisis bibliométrico (Integration of ICT in school education: importance of coordination, training and internal organization of schools from a bibliometric analysis)
Authors: Sosa Alonso Juan José , Bethencourt Aguilar Anabel
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo es parte de un estudio bibliométrico más amplio, centrado en publicaciones de impacto indexadas a partir del año 2006, referidas al proceso de integración de las tecnologías en el aula. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la revisión teórica del tópico de coordinación, organización y asesoramiento dentro de los centros escolares en conjunción con el tópico referido a la formación del profesorado en niveles iniciales, permanente y sus competencias. Los objetivos del estudio son, por un lado, revisar y clasificar la producción académica sobre los tópicos mencionados y, por otro lado, analizar de una muestra seleccionada de trabajos, las principales tendencias de investigación y de contenido. La metodología de investigación utilizada es, por lo tanto, una revisión teórica descriptiva e interpretativa en la que se han revisado un total de 45 artículos de investigación actuales de impacto. Entre las conclusiones, podemos destacar el rol del coordinador o coordinadora TIC como agente clave para el proceso de integración de las tecnologías en la práctica diaria, la necesidad de coordinación y comunicación interna positiva en los centros escolares para que haya un cambio metodológico apoyado en diversos recursos -entre los que cabe mencionar los dispositivos digitales- y un conocimiento integral disciplinar, pedagógico y técnico del profesorado para el buen uso de la tecnología en educación.
Hábitos de uso de Internet en niños y niñas de 8 a 12 años: un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Peñalva Vélez Alicia , Napal Fraile María
Published: August 2019

La irrupción de la Web 2.0 ha supuesto la aparición de nuevas formas de producir, distribuir, intercambiar y recibir información a través de medios electrónicos. En este contexto, es necesario alfabetizar a la población para que sea capaz de hacer un uso eficaz de las redes de comunicación como vía habitual de interrelación, y esto incluye enseñar a cómo usar de manera segura Internet, a través de una adecuada configuración de la identidad personal en el mundo digital. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar las características del uso de Internet de escolares de Educación Primaria, en 4 dimensiones (Uso de dispositivos y acceso a Internet, Actividad en la red, Control parental y Seguridad e identidad digital), mediante un cuestionario de alfabetización digital integrado por 74 ítems y en el que incluye una quinta dimensión, la de ciberconvivencia, que no es analizada en este estudio. Los resultados basados en las respuestas de 290 niños y niñas de 3º a 6º de Primaria, permiten constatar que el acceso a Internet está muy extendido, desde las primeras edades, principalmente a través de un móvil propio. El uso de Internet y los dispositivos electrónicos se relacionan sobre todo con contextos y actividades de ocio, y herramientas sociales. En términos generales, el alumnado considera su identidad y reputación, aunque no tanto su privacidad, e incurre en más conductas inseguras en cursos más altos.
Prevalência de Lesões em praticantes de Parkour
Authors: Oliveira Vargas e Silva Natália Cristina de
Published: August 2019

O Parkour é uma modalidade caracterizada pela facilidade de transpor um obstáculo utilizando o corpo como instrumento. Apesar da escassa divulgação da prática nas mídias, o Parkour vem crescendo de modo geral, e academias especializadas já estão presentes em alguns locais do Brasil e do mundo. Entretanto, muitos praticantes não estão cientes dos riscos de lesão atribuídos à prática desta modalidade. Para incentivar uma prática segura e consciente, se faz necessária a constatação das principais lesões sofridas por praticantes da modalidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a prevalência e o tipo de lesões em praticantes de Parkour. Vinte e cinco praticantes de Parkour há mais de 3 meses, frequentadores de uma academia especializada na modalidade responderam a um questionário a respeito das lesões relacionadas à prática do Parkour. Os resultados mostraram que 56% relataram já ter sofrido algum tipo de lesão. As principais lesões auto-relatadas foram entorses, escoriações, contusões e lesões ligamentares. A articulação mais frequentemente acometida foi a do tornozelo. Conclui-se que a prevalência de lesões entre praticantes de Parkour não difere da verificada em outros esportes de impacto nos membros inferiores, que os membros inferiores são os mais acometidos, e que em sua maioria as lesões são de baixa gravidade.
Use of floating seals to exclude oxygen penetration in non-aerated selectors
Authors: Jobbágy A. , Weinpel T. , Bakos V. , Vánkos Zs.
Published: August 2019

It is widely assumed that non-aerated selectors are very efficient in nutrient removal, and especially anaerobic basins may largely contribute to good sludge settleability as well. However, based on results measured in full-scale, this paper draws attention to the fact that with decreasing availability of readily biodegradable carbon source (rbCOD) being experienced worldwide, oxygen penetration into non-aerated basins through the uncovered surface may no longer be considered negligible. When the oxygen mass transfer is significant compared to the available influent rbCOD, non-aerated selectors should be regarded as basins with low dissolved oxygen (low DO) concentrations that may underperform with respect to nutrient removal and favor the growth of filaments, especially during low-loaded conditions. In order to fully exclude oxygen penetration, floating seals have been developed and applied at the North-Budapest Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hungary. Comparative full-scale studies showed prevention of significant amounts of influent rbCOD loss (up to 60 mg/L) through the application of this new technology. This amount of saved, non-oxidised but fermented carbon source could be accordingly used for enhancing biological P-removal. Due to the elimination of microaerophilic conditions, the undesirable growth of filamentous bacteria could also be avoided, leading to significantly better activated sludge settling.
POLAND’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE MONETARY UNION IN LIGHT OF SELECTED LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE CRISIS IN THE EURO AREA
Authors: Hoffmann Tomasz
Published: August 2019

The principal research goal of this paper is to indicate and characterise the legal and institutional instruments that have been implemented in order to mitigate the consequences of the crisis. The main cause of the crisis in the euro area was the all too liberal approach to financial speculation coupled with a loss of control over financial markets on the part of the authorities of particular Member States. The crisis that had initially engulfed the United States spread relatively quickly across Western Europe, affecting the Members States of the EU. The crisis was felt most deeply in countries such as Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Italy, and Greece, whereas the many negative consequences of the excessive debt incurred by these countries affected the entire EU. The hitherto applied fiscal and legal means of counteracting the consequences of the crisis, although appropriate, have failed to yield the anticipated results, leading to mounting political tension between the major contributors amongst EU Member States.
Efeito de medidas de higiene bucal mecânica isolada e associadas à clorexidina sobre o acúmulo de biofilme lingual em idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Aguiar Maria Cecília Azevedo de , Lima Kenio Costa de , Velten Ana Paula Costa , Oliveira Elizabete Regina Araújo de
Published: August 2019

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Conhecimento sobre tuberculose, estigma social e a busca pelos cuidados em saúde
Authors: Popolin Marcela Paschoal , Rodrigues Ludmila Barbosa Bandeira , Fronteira Inês , Yamamura Mellina , Santos Neto Marcelino , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: August 2019

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Eficácia da metformina no tratamento do diabetes mellitus gestacional
Authors: Sales Willian Barbosa , Silva Mariana Ribeiro e , Amaral Augusto Radünz do , Ferreira Bruna da Silva , Silva Jean Carl , Bertini Anna Maria Alves
Published: August 2019

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Validação do Questionário de Avaliação da Atividade Física em Crianças
Authors: Fernandes Carolina Dadalto Rocha , Batista Milena Santos , Pereira Taisa Sabrina Silva , Andrade Neto Flavio , Carletti Luciana , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi
Published: August 2019

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Avaliação de serviços de saúde no campo da Saúde Coletiva: uma sistematização em curso
Authors: Malacarne Maiara Paula , Luiz Sara Gonçalves , Do Amaral Tatiana Rodrigues , Siqueira Marluce Mechelli de
Published: August 2019

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Perfil de atuação dos cirurgiões-dentistas integrantes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: Tavares Aguiar Daniela Aparecida , Monteiro Fabiana Maria , De Lima Daniela Coelho , Pereira Alessandro Aparecido
Published: August 2019

Profile of dentists working at the Family Health Strategy Program
Efeito das características sociodemográficas sobre a frequência dos impactos dos problemas de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida
Authors: Miotto Maria Helena Monteiro de Barros , Loureiro Carlos Alfredo
Published: August 2019

Qualidade de vida; Saúde bucal; Adultos; Idosos.
Melissopalinologia no Rio Grande do Sul: revisão e caracterização das espécies botânicas potenciais à apicultura e meliponicultura
Authors: Radaeski Jefferson Nunes , Silva Cláudia Inês , Bauermann Soraia Girardi
Published: August 2019

Um levantamento dos estudos melissopalinológicos realizados no Rio Grande do Sul é aqui apresentado. O intuito é contribuir para o conhecimento nessa área e identificar as lacunas de informações para que sejam propostos estudos que complementem as informações sobre a flora apícola desse estado, um dos principais produtores de mel do Brasil. Os estudos encontrados na literatura foram realizados com mel de Apis mellifera e dos meliponíneos Tetragonisca angustula, Scaptotrigona bipunctata, Melipona obscurior, Melipona bicolor, Melipona quadrifasciata, Plebeia emerina e Plebeia remota. Os méis são classificados como heteroflorais, com predominância de Schinus terebenthifolia, Ilex sp., Syagrus romanzoffiana, Asteraceae, Clethra scabra, Sebastiania sp., Eucalyptus sp., Mimosa sp., Eugenia sp. e Hovenia dulcis. O levantamento demonstra que o número de análises realizadas até o momento não corresponde à quantidade de produção de mel do Rio Grande Sul e que são necessários mais estudos da flora apícola em outras áreas do estado do que aquelas aqui avaliadas para a caracterização botânica e melissopalinológica. Espera-se sensibilizar os órgãos de fomento de pesquisa e a cadeia produtiva para conhecer e promover estratégias de manejo da flora apícola a fim de valorizar a apicultura no Rio Grande do Sul.
Tratamento cirúrgico de cisto periapical inflamatório de grande extensão em maxila: relato de caso Surgical treatment of large extension inflammatory periapical cyst in maxilla: a case report
Authors: Pereira Jaiane Aparecida Ribas , Garcia Kassiane Caciatori , Verbicaro Thalyta , Meger Michele Nascimento , Corso Paola Fernanda Cotait de Lucas , Scariot Rafaela
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Periapical cysts are the most frequent odontogenic cystic lesions, commonly asymptomatic and discovered in routine dental examinations. The treatment may vary according to the size of the cyst. Objective: The objective of this study is to report the diagnosis and treatment of a large periapical inflammatory cyst in the maxilla. Case report: Patient A.B., 38 years old, male with major complaint of pain in the left maxilla region, facial asymmetrywith increased volume in the zygomatic bone region. After the intrabuccal and radiographic examinations, a lesion with a dimension of approximately 6.5 cm was observed, extending throughout the of the upper left side, with well-defined extension. It was performed the extraction of the affected teeth, collection of the biological material for histopathological analysis and installation of a drain for decompression maintained in the buccal cavity for 6 months with periodic irrigations with saline solution. After regression of the lesion, enucleation and curettage were performed. After 36 months following-up it is possible to observe absence of signs and symptoms of lesion recurrence, with good healing and bone neoformation. Conclusion: Decompression followed by enucleation forthe treatment of periapical inflammatory cyst should be considered as a treatment option because it minimizes damage to adjacent anatomical structures.
An Overview of the Chemistry and Pharmacological Potentials of Furanones Skeletons
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Zahra , Ramazani Ali
Published: August 2019

The furanone structure, a significant group of heterocyclic compounds, is frequently
found in natural products that are exhibiting striking pharmacological effects and
a growing field of research. They have a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activity: anticataract,
anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant. This review article
presents a summary of natural furanones, synthetic methods, and the biological effects of
these important compounds. Solid-phase method, cross-coupling reactions, Maillard-type
reaction, the cycloaddition of alcohol and phenyl nitrile oxide, and side-chain modifications
are some types of reactions for the preparation of furanone derivatives. Methods of
preparation and pharmacological activities of furanone skeletons that are discussed in this
review article will help the medicinal chemists to design and execute novel procedures
towards finding new drugs.
Comprehension of the α-Arylation of Nitroalkanes
Authors: Zheng Peng-Fei , An Yang , Jiao Zuo-Yi , Shi Zhou-Bao , Zhang Fu-Min
Published: August 2019

Background:

α-Aryl substituted nitroalkanes are important synthetic intermediates
for the preparation of pharmaceutical molecules, natural products, and functional
materials. Due to their scare existence in Nature, synthesis of these compounds has attracted
the attention of synthetic and medicinal chemists, rendering α-arylation of nitroalkanes
of an important research topic. This article summarizes the important advances of α-
arylation of nitroalkanes since 1963.

Results:

After a brief introduction of the synthetic application and the reactions of nitroalkanes,
this article reviewed the synthetic methods for the α-arylated aliphatic nitro compound.
The amount of research on α-arylation of nitroalkanes using various arylation reagents
and the discovery of elegant synthetic approaches towards such skeleton have been
discussed. This review described these advances in two sections. One is the arylation of non-activated nitroalkanes,
with an emphasis on the application of diverse arylation reagents; the other focuses on the arylation of
activated nitroalkanes, including dinitroalkanes, trinitroalkanes, α-nitrosulfones, α-nitroesters, α-nitrotoluenes,
and α-nitroketones. The synthetic application of these methods has also been presented in some cases.

Conclusion:

In this review, we described the progress of α-arylation of nitroalkanes. Although the immense
amount of research on α-arylation of aliphatic nitro compounds has been achieved, many potential issues still
need to be addressed, especially the asymmetric transformation and its wide application in organic synthesis.
Candidate microRNAs as Biomarkers in Malaria Infection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rangel Gregorio , Teerawattanapong Nattawat , Chamnanchanunt Supat , Umemura Tsukuru , Pinyachat Anuwat , Wanram Surasak
Published: August 2019

Malaria disease is a public health problem especially in tropical countries,
445.000 of malaria-related deaths have been reported in 2017. MicroRNAs (miRNAs)
are small non-coding RNAs with 18-24 nucleotides in length, which have been
demonstrated to regulate gene expression of several biological processes. The
dysregulation of host immune-related gene expressions during the transcriptional
process by microRNA has been extensively reported in malaria parasite invasion of
erythrocytes infection. The candidate’s miRNAs would be used as potential biomarkers
in the future and perspective. A systematic review on miRNAs as candidate clinical
biomarkers in malaria infection has been established in this study. Electronic databases
(Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane data bases) were screened and articles
were included as per established selection criteria. We comprehensively searched to
identify publications related to malaria and miRNA. PRISMA guidelines were followed,
262 articles were searched, duplicates and unconnected papers were excluded.
Nineteen articles were included in the study. It was found that malaria parasite infected
liver or tissue produce tissue-specific miRNAs and release to the blood stream. The
association of miRNAs including miR-16, miR-155, miR-150, miR-451 and miR-223 with
the dysregulations of immune-related genes expression such as PfEMP-1, IFN-γ, AGO-
1 AGO-2; IL4, CD80, CD86, CD36, ANG-1 and ANG-2 during early, severe and/or
cerebral malaria infections indicate the potential use of those miRNAs as biomarkers for
malaria infection.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Self Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Atorvastatin Calcium
Authors: Diril Mine , Türkyılmaz Gülbeyaz Yıldız , Karasulu H. Yeşim
Published: August 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop a new dosage form as an alternative to the classical tablet forms of atorvastatin calcium (AtrCa). The formulation strategy was to prepare an optimum self micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to overcome the problem of low solubility of the active substance.

Methods:

In this study, pseudo ternary phase diagrams were plotted determined by the solubility studies. According to the solubility studies; oleic acid was used as the oil phase, Tween 20 and Span 80 were used as the surfactants and ethanol was used as the co-surfactant. SMEDDS formulations were characterized according to pH, electrical conductivity, density, refractive index, viscosity, emulsification time, dispersibility, robustness of dilution stability, droplet size, polidispersity index, zeta potential, transmittance %, cloud point, content quantification %, chemical and physical stability. The lipolysis study was conducted under fed and fasted conditions. In vitro release studies and kinetic evaluation were carried out. Permeability studies were also examined with Caco-2 cell culture.

Results:

The droplet size of the optimized formulation did not change significantly in different medias over the test time period. Improved SMEDDS formulation will progress steadily without precipitating along the gastrointestinal tract. Lipolysis studies showed that the oil solution had been exposed to high amount of lipolysis compared to the SMEDDS formulation. The release rate of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation (93.8%, at 15 minutes) was found as increased when the results were compared with commercial tablet formulation and pure drug. The permeability value of AtrCa from AtrCa- SMEDDS formulation was found higher than pure AtrCa and commercial tablet formulation, approximately 9.94 and 1.64 times, respectively.

Conclusion:

Thus, lipid-based SMEDDS formulation is a potential formulation candidate for lymphatic route in terms of the increased solubility of AtrCa.
Inhibition of 2C Coxsackie B Virus Protein to Decrease Pathogenicity of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Authors: Amin Amina , Rasheed Muhammad A. , Diwan Rana A. , Shahid Muhammad , Bano Saddia , Riaz Adnan , Iqbal Muhammad N. , Sajid Muhammad W.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (T1D) also referred to as autoimmune
diabetes. T1D is a chronic disease which is characterized by way of insulin deficiency.
The deficiency is due to the loss of pancreatic β cells and leads to hyperglycemia. There are many
factors which play a significant role in T1D disease pathogenicity including genetic predisposition,
the immune system, and environmental factors. The environmental factors may include Coxsackie
B4 virus, a small RNA virus.

Objective:

The objective of current in silico study is to identify active lead compounds against Coxsackie
B4 virus, a small RNA virus which has been reported in diabetic patients after PCR. There is
a need to predict inhibitors against TID caused by Coxsackie B4 viral protein that may be used as a
drug against TID in the future.

Methods:

For this purpose, different bioinformatics databases and tools were used. The protein
structure generation and validation, retrieval of ligands and their properties analysis were performed
by different databases, web servers, and software tools. Moreover, the docking tools were
used to identify the target site of the protein and interaction of different inhibitors with the target
protein molecule.

Results:

Based on the analysis, two lead compounds ZINC00034488 and ZINC00034585 were selected
as potential drugs. These compounds are non-toxic and have best interaction energy and fulfill
Lipinski rule, Veber rule, Ghose Rule, Weighted QED, Unweighted QED and BBB likeness parameters.

Conclusion:

Our work will help researchers to get an idea about the understanding of chemicals
against Coxsackie B4 Viruses and helpful to design a drug and test these chemicals to overcome
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 caused by Coxsackie B4 virus.
Sonographically Measured Improvement in Diaphragmatic Mobility and Outcomes Among Patients Requiring Prolonged Weaning from the Ventilator
Authors: Gibis N , Schulz A , Vonderbank S , Boyko M , Gürleyen H , Schulz X , Bastian A
Published: August 2019

Background:

The need of prolonged weaning from the ventilator is a well-known predictor of an unfavorable patients` outcome. Diaphragmatic dysfunction is a serious problem for these patients. We wanted to determine the survival in patients who were already intubated for more than 4 weeks before they were admitted to our weaning unit. In this prospective study, we wanted to investigate if the diaphragmatic function could improve or was related to survival over an 18 months follow up period.

Methods:

84 patients were included when they were able to breathe at least 10 minutes over a t-piece and sit upright for at least 5 minutes. The diaphragmatic function was estimated sonographically using the up and downward movement of the lung silhouette. Sonographic follow-ups were performed for over 18 months. The survival rate, outcome and changes in diaphragm mobility were investigated.

Results:

a) Survival: 49 patients (58%) survived the 18 months follow up period - 30 had a good outcome; 19 needed assistance. b) Survival in relation to diaphragm mobility: If diaphragmatic mobility improved ≥ 15.5 mm on the left side, the probability of survival was 94% with a probability of 76% to have a satisfying outcome.

Conclusion:

Survival and outcome of prolonged weaning were significantly better when sonographically measured the mobility of left hemidiaphragm improved.
Correlation of High Interleukin 17A and Interleukin 6 Levels with High Virus Load Among Subtype C HIV-infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Zimbabwean Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mlambo Tommy , Tshabalala Mqondisi , Bandason Tsitsi , Mhandire Kudakwashe , Mudenge Bonface , Zijenah Lynn Sodai
Published: August 2019

Introduction:

In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, activated immune cells produce several cytokines that alter the immune response and HIV disease progression. We quantified Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in an antiretroviral therapy naïve (ART) cohort to investigate their correlation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4+ T-lymphocytes and virus load (VL).

Methods:

We enrolled 247 HIV-infected ART-naïve participants into the study. CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were enumerated using flow cytometry. VL was quantified using the Cavidi ExaVirTMLoad assay. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were quantified using the BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine assay. The Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between log10transformed data for cytokine levels and CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, and VL.

Results:

The median CD4+ T- and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts were 458 cells/µL (IQR:405-556) and 776 cells/µL (IQR:581-1064), respectively. The median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.6 (IQR: 0.45-0.86). The median VL was log103.3.copies/mL (IQR:2.74-3.93). Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (p=0.010) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p=0.044) were significantly correlated with high VL. There was no significant correlation of cytokine levels with CD4+ T-, CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts and CD4/CD8 ratio. However, high levels of IL-17A (p=0.012) and IL-6 (p=0.034) were significantly correlated with high VL.

Conclusion:

Our study contributes to the little knowledge available on the role of cytokine profiles in the immune response to subtype C HIV infection.
Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in only Diabetic and Obese Ghanaian Populations: The RODAM Study
Authors: Darko Samuel N. , Owiredu William K.B.A. , Yar Denis , Agyemang Charles , Beune Erik , Addo Juliet , de Graft Aikins Ama , Bahendeka Silver , Mockenhaupt Frank , Spranger Joachim , Agyei-Baffour Peter , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Smeeth Liam , Owusu-Dabo Ellis
Published: August 2019

Background:

The RODAM study has established a link between peripheral insulin resistance and varying fasting blood glucose levels among Ghanaian populations. However, associations of oxidative stress and inflammation with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is yet to be assessed in this population.

Objective:

This study determined the association of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in T2DM and obesity among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and non-migrants in Ghana.

Methods:

Socio-demographic and anthropometric variables were collected from 5350 participants of 25-70 years and stratified into migrant Ghanaians (n= 2921), urban (n=1411) and rural Ghanaians (n=1018). C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Uric Acid (UA) and ferritin were quantified and associations drawn between these markers and the metabolic disorders using logistic regression.

Results:

Overall mean ages (years) were highest for migrant Ghanaians [46.59, 95%CI (46.24, 46.93)] compared to rural [46.49 (45.72, 47.26)] and urban [45.24 (44.65, 45.83)]. CRP was associated with obesity and T2DM respectively in urban [OR=1.531, 95%CI (1.407, 1.666): OR=1.354, 95% CI (1.195, 1.535)] and migrant Ghanaians [OR=1.552, 95% CI (1.449, 1.662): OR=1.405, 95%CI (1.234, 1.600)]. Similarly, ferritin was positively associated (p<0.05) with T2DM in migrant [OR=1.312, 95% CI (1.058, 1.626)], urban [OR=1.972, 95% CI (1.510, 2.575)] and rural Ghanaians [OR=1.240, 95%CI (1.020, 1.507)].

Conclusion:

CRP and ferritin are associated with T2DM in Ghanaian populations at varying magnitudes. Moreover, indulgence in lifestyles that elevate inflammation and oxidative stress has the potential to increase risk of T2DM and obesity among Ghanaian populations.
Efecto insectistático de extractos etanólicos de clavo y pimienta en Trialeurodes vaporariorum West. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Aguilar-Astudillo Eduardo , Rodríguez-Hernández Cesáreo , Bravo-Mojica Hiram , Soto-Hernández R. Marcos , Bautista-Martínez Néstor , Guevara-Hernández Francisco
Published: August 2019

En el manejo de la mosca blanca Trialeurodes vaporariorum generalmente se hace uso de plaguicidas organosintéticos, aumentando cada vez más la frecuencia y la dosis de aplicación, lo que provoca resistencia en la plaga a los plaguicidas y eliminación de enemigos naturales, por lo que es imprescindible la búsqueda de alternativas que contribuyan a resolver el problema, sin deterioro del ambiente. Entre las diversas opciones, en los bioensayos se aplicaron al follaje de tomate los extractos etanólicos de clavo Syzygium aromaticum y pimienta Pimenta dioica, en plantas donde previamente se liberaron adultos de 2 d y en otras plantas se indujo la oviposición por 3 d. En estos bioensayos se registró la mortalidad de adultos y huevos ovipositados, así como huevos eclosionados. Los extractos al 1.0% de clavo causan 33.7% de mortalidad de adultos, 72.9% de inhibición de oviposición con CIO50 de 0.19, y de pimienta causan 32.5% de mortalidad de adultos; 65.8% de inhibición de oviposición; con CIO50 0.46% y ambos extractos inhiben de 52.6 a 100% la eclosión de los huevos de mosca blanca con CIE50´s de 0.11 a 0.71% respectivamente, siendo total cuando se aplica el extracto de pimienta al 1.0% a huevos de 2 d de edad. La actividad de los extractos etanólicos de clavo y pimienta, principalmente insectistática; aunque puede llegar a tener efecto ovicida, es una aportación biorracional para integrarse al manejo ecológico de mosca blanca.
Сверхтонкое взаимодействие и рекомбинация Шокли--Рида--Холла в полупроводниках
Authors: Ивченко Е.Л. , Калевич В.К. , Kunold A. , Balocchi A. , Marie X. , Amand T.
Published: August 2019

AbstractExperimental and theoretical studies on optical orientation and spin-dependent recombination in a semiconductor in a magnetic field under the normal incidence of circularly polarized radiation onto the sample surface are reviewed. The experiments were carried out on GaAs_1 –_ x N_ x solid solutions, in which Ga^2+ interstitial displacement defects play the role of deep paramagnetic centers responsible for spin-dependent recombination. It is established that, in the investigated materials, the hyperfine interaction of a localized electron with one nucleus of the paramagnetic center remains strong even at room temperature. The theory is compared with an experiment conducted in the steady-state excitation mode and under two-pulse pump-probe conditions. An analytical formula for spin beats in a magnetic field is derived.
Модифицирование магнитных свойств сплава CoPt путем ионного облучения
Authors: Калентьева И.Л. , Вихрова О.В. , Данилов Ю.А. , Дорохин М.В. , Дудин Ю.А. , Здоровейщев А.В. , Кудрин А.В. , Темирязева М.П. , Темирязев А.Г. , Никитов С.А. , Садовников А.В.
Published: August 2019

The effect of ion irradiation on the magnetic properties of films of the ferromagnetic CoPt alloy made by the method of electron beam evaporation is investigated. It has been established that with an increase in the He+ ion fluence from 1×1013 to 1×1016 cm-2, a decrease in the coercive field and an increase in the planar component of the axis of easy magnetization are observed. Using magnetic force microscopy and Mandel'shtam-Brillouin spectroscopy, it was shown that with certain ion fluence (3 × 1014 cm-2), the formation of isolated round domains representing magnetic skyrmions is observed in the CoPt layer.
Акустический расходомер
Authors: Бузановский В.А.
Published: August 2019

The design and metrological characteristics of the acoustic flowmeter of a flow of a gaseous or liquid substance are considered. It is shown that the device has a simple design, is characterized by high accuracy (relative error of measuring the volume flow rate is less than 1%) and high speed (the time to determine the flow rate is not more than a few milliseconds).
Spillovers entre el S&Poor500 y los principales EMBIG latinoamericanos
Authors: López-Herrera Francisco , Rodríguez Benavides Domingo , Gurrola Ríos César
Published: August 2019

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de los efectos de derrame (spillover ) entre los rendimientos accionarios de Estados Unidos y los cambios en los índices EMBI Global de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, México y Perú. Se estima un índice del spillover total que muestra alzas importantes a principios de siglo y durante la crisis financiera mundial. Al descomponer dicho índice en sus componentes direccionales se observa que las principales fuentes de spillover entre los mercados analizados son el mercado accionario de Estados Unidos y el índice de los bonos brasileños. También es de destacarse que los principales receptores de efectos derrame son los índices de los bonos de Perú y México, en tanto que el índice de los bonos argentinos son los menos afectados por los choques externos.
A Mobile Phone App for the Provision of Personalized Food-Based Information in an Eating-Out Situation: Development and Initial Evaluation
Authors: Appleton Katherine Marie , Bray Jeff , Price Sarah , Liebchen Gernot , Jiang Nan , Mavridis Ioannis , Saulais Laure , Giboreau Agnès , Perez-Cueto Federico J A , Coolen Rebecca , Ronge Manfred , Hartwell Heather
Published: August 2019

Background

Increasing pressure from governments, public health bodies, and consumers is driving a need for increased food-based information provision in eating-out situations. Meals eaten outside the home are known to be less healthy than meals eaten at home, and consumers can complain of poor information on the health impact and allergen content of meals eaten out.

Objective

This paper aimed to describe the development and early assessment of a mobile phone app that allows the provision of accurate personalized food-based information while considering individual characteristics (allergies, diet type, and preferences) to enable informed consumer choice when eating out.

Methods

An app was designed and developed to address these requirements using an agile approach. The developed app was then evaluated at 8 public engagement events using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and qualitative feedback.

Results

Consideration of the literature and consultation with consumers revealed a need for information provision for consumers in the eating-out situation, including the ability to limit the information provided to that which was personally relevant or interesting. The app was designed to provide information to consumers on the dishes available in a workplace canteen and to allow consumers the freedom to personalize the app and choose the information that they received. Evaluation using the SUS questionnaire revealed positive responses to the app from a range of potential users, and qualitative comments demonstrated broad interest in its use.

Conclusions

This paper details the successful development and early assessment of a novel mobile phone app designed to provide food-based information in an eating-out situation in a personalized manner.
Écrits. Manuscrits à miniatures otomí
Authors: Mora Libertad , Heiras Rodríguez Carlos Guadalupe
Published: August 2019

Desde mediados de la década de 1970, Alfonso Margarito García Téllez, chamán ñähñu (otomí) de San Pablito (Pahuatlán, Puebla), es autor de una serie de libros confeccionados con el formato de “códices” (largas tiras de “papel amate”, dobladas a manera de biombos). Éstos reúnen la tradición mitológica y chamánica sudhuasteca, la afamada industria artística-artesanal sanpableña y la creatividad del empresario-comerciante que ofrece una nueva mercancía. El etnólogo Pierre Déléage tuvo el tino de apreciar el valor de esos códices –novedosos y a la vez tradicionales objetos recortados y escritos–, traducirlos del español al francés y promover su publicación. Asimismo, tuvo un segundo acierto igualmente relevante: reconocer la autoría del curandero ñähñu y no imponer su nombre como autor principal, como han hecho otros antropólogos y artistas plagiarios. Aunque no impuso su nombre como autor, Déléage sí le regaló su título al libro –inspirado en los llamados “ ‘manuscritos con miniaturas’ del Renacimiento, conocidos también como ‘Libros de horas’ ” (Pierre Déléage, 2018, comunicación personal)–.
Equidad en Intercambios de Esfuerzo y Ganancias: Efectos de la Información
Authors: Santoyo V. Carlos , Colmenares V. Ligia
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo aborda experimentalmente el estudio de los intercambios equitativos en una tarea en la que doce díadas de estudiantes de licenciatura en psicología asignaban a su compañero uno de tres posibles ―ujegos‖ asociados con requisitos diferenciales de un programa de reforzamiento de razón variable (RV: 5, 10 ó 20). En una segunda condición, los participantes asignaban también la cantidad de puntos que obtendría su pareja (1, 2 ó 4 puntos) con cada requisito de razón. Se programaron dos clases de sesiones: con información o sin información de la asignación de juego que hacían los compañeros en cada ensayo. Para evaluar las estrategias utilizadas se empleó el modelo Aristotélico de la Equidad (Adams, 1965; Anderson, 1976), mismo que describió adecuadamente la razón de esfuerzo y ganancias en los intercambios bajo la condición de información. Se discuten aquellas estrategias diádicas que resultaron en una distribución de mayor cantidad de ganancias con el menor esfuerzo posible, así como aquellas que produjeron distribuciones asimétricas de ganancias y esfuerzo, lo que desencadenó ganancias relativamente reducidas a lo largo de las sesiones. Especial énfasis recibe la discusión del mecanismo de reciprocidad en el intercambio social.
Correlación entre Miedo Incondicionado y la Primera Reacción a la Disminución y Extinción de un Reforzador Apetitivo
Authors: Kamenetzky Giselle , Cuenya Lucas , Mustaca Alba Elisabeth
Published: August 2019

Cuando las ratas tienen acceso a una solución azucarada al 32% y luego la concentración disminuye al 4%, los animales consumen o permanecen en contacto con el bebedero menos tiempo que los animales que siempre consumieron la solución al 4%. A este fenómeno de Contraste Sucesivo Negativo consumatorio (CSNc) se le considera un modelo animal de frustración. Existe evidencia de que en una prueba de luz-oscuridad, las ratas prefieren permanecer en el compartimiento oscuro, lo que sugiere una respuesta de miedo incondicionado hacia lugares claros. Se presentan dos experimentos en los que se evaluó la preferencia de ratas en una prueba de luz-oscuridad y a un CSNc (Experimento 1) y a una Extinción Consumatoria (Ec, acceso a un bebedero vacío, Experimento 2) para evaluar la correlación entre la primera reacción a la devaluación u omisión de reforzadores con las respuestas de miedo incondicionado a los lugares oscuros. Las ratas que permanecieron más tiempo en el lugar oscuro permanecieron menos tiempo en contacto con el bebedero durante el primer ensayo de devaluación del reforzador (Experimento 1) y durante el primer minuto del primer ensayo de Ec (Experimento 2). Esos resultados se discuten en relación con las teorías de Amsel (1958), Gray (1987) y Flaherty (1996).
Young, sceptical, and environmentally (dis)engaged: do news habits make a difference?
Authors: Lakew Yuliya , Olausson Ulrika
Published: August 2019

Research shows that news consumption plays a positive role in youths' environmental engagement. This article examines if this also holds true for sceptics by comparing Swedish climate change sceptics with non-sceptical youngsters in their early and late adolescence. We conceptualise news consumption as foci of public connection and orientation rather than a source of environmental information. The results show that in their early teens, heavy news consumers among both sceptics and non-sceptics are indeed more engaged with environmental issues than their less news-oriented peers. However, in late adolescence, sceptics among news consumers show very little environmental engagement.
Sem critérios: a abertura oportunizada ao magistrado para a aceitação de prova ilicitamente derivada
Authors: Silveira Antônio Paulo Soares Lopes da , Azambuja Mariana
Published: August 2019

Sem critérios: a abertura oportunizada ao magistrado para a aceitação de prova ilicitamente derivadaNo criteria: the opening provided for the judge to accept illegally derived evidence  Antônio Paulo Soares Lopes da Silveira[1]Mariana Azambuja[2] RESUMO: O trabalho tem como proposta uma reflexão sobre o artigo 157 do Código de Processo Penal, a partir das reformas introduzidas pela Lei nº 11.690/2008, na parte em que regulou a matéria relativa a prova ilícita por derivação. O objetivo central da pesquisa foi realizar uma análise crítica à abertura que o novo texto do dispositivo legal oportunizou ao magistrado para interpretar a aceitação da prova ilicitamente derivada. Outra questão bastante analisada foi o esvaziamento do texto constitucional que veda a utilização da prova ilícita no processo, haja vista que ocorreu uma verdadeira relativização da previsão. A análise da teoria dos frutos da árvore envenenada, bem como dos institutos de relativização das provas ilícitas criados no ordenamento jurídico norte-americano foram abordados, pois é a partir de sua introdução no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pela aludida reforma, que se consolidou a abertura para aceitação das provas ilícitas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Processo Penal. Provas ilícitas por derivação. Artigo 157. Frutos da árvore envenenada. ABSTRACT: The paper aims to reflect on the Article 157 of the Criminal Procedure Code, from the reforms introduced by Act No. 11,690 of 2008, to the extent that it regulated the matter concerning illegal evidence by derivation. The main objective of the research was to make a critical analysis of the opening that the new text of the legal provision provided for the judge to interpret the acceptance of illicitly derived evidence. Another issue fairly analyzed was the emptying of the constitution text, which prohibits the use of illegal evidence in the case, given that there was a real relativization of the provision. The analysis of the theory of the fruits of the poisonous tree, as well as the relativization institutes of illegal evidence created in the American legal system were addressed, because it is since its introduction into the Brazilian legal system, by the aforesaid reform, that the opening for acceptance of illegal evidence was consolidated. KEYWORDS: Criminal Procedure. Illegal evidence by derivation. Article 157. Fruits of the poisoned tree.[1] Mestre em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2016. Especialista em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2013 e Bacharel em Direito pelo Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, 2012. Advogado.[2] Mestre em Ciências Criminais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, 2016. Especialista em Ciências Penais em 2014 e graduada em 2012 pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS.