bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Winners and Losers: Understanding How the Oncology Care Model May Differentially Affect Hospitals
Authors: Segel Joel E. , Schaefer Eric W. , Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Ramian Haleh , Raman Jay D.
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE:

With the introduction of the Oncology Care Model and plans for the transition to Oncology Care First, alternative payment models (APMs) are an increasingly important piece of the oncology care landscape. Evidence is mixed on the Oncology Care Model's impact on utilization and costs, but as policymakers consider expansion of similar models, it is critical to understand the characteristics of hospitals that may be differentially affected.

METHODS:

We used 2007-2016 SEER-Medicare data to identify patients with breast and prostate cancer receiving chemotherapy, endocrine therapy (breast), or androgen deprivation therapy (prostate). For each hospital, we calculated 6-month expected mortality, emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient admissions, and costs, all commonly collected APM outcomes. After calculating observed-to-expected rates for each outcome by hospital, we estimated the association between observed-to-expected rates and characteristics of each hospital to understand hospital characteristics that might be associated with higher- or lower-than-expected rates of each outcome.

RESULTS:

Hospitals with > 15% rural patients had significantly higher-than-expected mortality (0.31 points higher, P < .001) and ED visit rates (0.10 points higher, P = .029) as well as significantly lower costs (0.06 points lower, P = .004). Hospitals unaffiliated with a medical school also experienced significantly higher-than-expected mortality and ED visits. Hospitals eligible for disproportionate share hospital payment experienced significantly higher ED visits but lower costs. For-profit hospitals experienced higher-than-expected mortality.

CONCLUSION:

Rural hospitals and those unaffiliated with a medical school may require special consideration as APMs expand in oncology care. Designated cancer centers and larger hospitals may be advantaged.
“Backwards Talk” in Smith Island, Maryland
Authors: Schilling Natalie
Published: July 2021

This article presents an exploration of the discourse-level phenomenon known as “backwards talk” (pervasive, highly creative irony) in Smith Island, a small, endangered dialect community in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay, on the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. For example, island residents might use the phrase “He’s barefoot!” to indicate someone’s shiny new shoes. The article examines how this phenomenon compares with irony more generally; how it patterns across generations and contexts; how important it is to island residents, who view backwards talk as the defining feature of their dialect; and why the feature has gained such importance in the face of dialect loss—and potential loss of community continuity as well. Because backwards talk is irony, it has important solidarity functions. As playful, nonliteral language, it serves as a symbol of the performed “islandness” that islanders increasingly take up as they come into more and more contact with outsiders. Finally, as a means of offering critical evaluation of outsiders, backwards talk can be seen as a form of antilanguage or counterlanguage, with a central function of resistance against outside forces.
Complicating Prevelar Raising in the West
Authors: Esposito Lewis , Lake Emily
Published: July 2021

Prevelar raising/fronting has been documented as a “defining feature” of Pacific Northwest English, yet its status in nearby California remains unclear. This study investigates prevelar raising/fronting across four Californian field sites. Examining word list data from 276 White speakers and sociolinguistic interview data from 64 White speakers, we complicate assumptions of prevelar conditioning in the West in two ways. First, the authors show that the prevelar pattern is not confined to the Pacific Northwest but is extensive throughout California. Results suggest that, in line with previous work in Washington and Oregon, this prevelar pattern is also on the decline among younger Californians, although the trajectory of change appears to differ from that observed in Washington. As this is yet more evidence that the West is broadly participating in similar vocalic patterns, this article tentatively explores historical migration events as one possible source for the contemporary Western vowel system. Second, the authors also complicate phonetic notions of prevelar “tensing,” showing that F1 and F2 are not always operating in tandem: speakers who raise bag, for example, do not always front bag to the same degree, and vice versa. All of this points to an increasingly complex view of the prevelar pattern and one that warrants continued investigations for theories of sound change.
Thin Film Properties of Thermally Stable Protic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kondo Hirofumi , Iimura Ken-ichi
Published: July 2021

Ionic liquids (ILs) have aroused particular interest as potential lubricants because their thermal stabilities are quite superior to those of conventional lubricants, however, their thin film properties have not been investigated very much. Newly synthesized diazabicycloundecenium (DBU) and imidazolium (IM) sulfonates were evaluated as a potential molecularly thin film lubricant for carbon-coated media. The ILs have steady low friction coefficients even after a heat treatment at 250 °C at which those of the conventional lubricant, Z-DOL, steeply increased. A systematic analysis of the thin films was performed using FTIR-RAS and their thermal degradation kinetics were examined. The thermal degradation process of the IL thin films could be described by a zero-order kinetics mechanism. The calculated activation energies show that the ILs physiosorb on the surface and the thermal stabilities of the IL films are significantly lower than that of the bulk. The FTIR measurements indicated two friction reduction regimes for the ILs; i.e., the perfluoroalkylsulfonate molecules, which seem to be a thermally decomposed product from the IL molecules, still remained and oriented parallel to the surface in the temperature range of 200 °C or higher and reduced the friction.
π-Extended Macrocyclic Oligothiophene Heptamer and Tetradecamer: Ringsize Effects on the Physical Properties and Morphological Features
Authors: Shimizu Hideyuki , Huang Pochi , Isomura Eigo , Nishinaga Tohru , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: July 2021

Synthesis, X-ray structural analysis, redox behavior, and morphological features of π-extended macrocyclic oligothiophene heptamer and tetradecamer are reported. Due to nanophase separation between inner and outer domains, butyl-substituted π-extended macrocyclic oligothiophenes exhibit marked ringsize effects in the solid state. Among macrocycles with the same composition formula, heptamer has a round shape-persistent structure to produce crystals, whereas the corresponding tetradecamer shows morphological diversity to form single crystals, rods, ovals, and balls. The surface structures of small rods, ovals, and balls were investigated by absorption spectra and PXRD analysis. By cyclic voltametric analysis, heptamer and tetradecamer exhibit reversible two-step redox behavior reflecting moderate donor ability, and the first oxidation potentials of heptamer and tetradecamer are roughly consistent with their HOMO levels.
Two new Tropidauchenia species (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae: Garnieriinae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: Qiu Lu
Published: July 2021

Tropidauchenia danjuan sp. nov. and T. parasulcicollis sp. nov., both collected in Chongzuo City, Guangxi Province, China, are described and illustrated based on shell characters. T. sulcicollis Grego et Szekeres is re-described based on specimens from Hechi City, Guangxi Province, China.
Das Ende einer alten Brunnstube
Authors: Matt Christoph Ph.
Published: July 2021

Am Südende des Gerberbergleins wurden die Fundamente eines ehemaligen Hauses, Mauerwerk eines Abwasserkanals sowie eine noch intakte Brunnstube freigelegt.

Der Richt- oder Gerberbrunnen - der erstmals 1290 erwähnt wurde - ist nur einer unter vielen Brunnen, die als sog. Lauf- bzw. Lochbrunnen die Wasserversorgung der Bevölkerung Basels sicherzustellen hatten. Hingegen war nur mit diesem Brunnen bzw. mit seinem Standort eine Sage untrennbar verknüpft: nämlich dass hier einst ein Basilisk gehaust habe, auf den - nach Meinung verschiedener alter Schriftsteller - auch der Name der Stadt Basel zurückgehen soll.
Basel - Etappen der Befestigung einer Stadt
Authors: Helmig Guido
Published: July 2021

Die Stadt Basel kann auf eine über 2000 Jahre alte Geschichte zurückblicken. Die verkehrsgeographisch günstige Lage am Rheinknie hat sicher wesentlich zu ihrem Aufschwung beigetragen.

Im Artikel wird der Forschungsstand zu den verschiedenen Basler Befestigungen (Oppidum, Militärstützpunkt, Kastell, Burkhardsche Stadtmauer, Innere Stadtmauer, Befestigung der Vorstädte, Äussere Stadtmauer, barockzeitliche Festungsbauten, letzte Stadterweiterung im 19. Jahrhundert) zusammengetragen.
Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen für das Jahr 1996
Authors: D'Aujourd'hui Rolf
Published: July 2021

Der erste Teil des Jahresberichts umfasst den Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen, der die im Berichtsjahr erfolgten Aktivitäten des Amtes vorstellt und kommentiert, sowie eine Fundchronik mit einem Kurzbeschrieb sämtlicher im Laufe eines Jahres registrierter Fundstellen.
Anthropologische Auswertung der hoch- und spätmittelalterlichen Skelette aus der ehemaligen St. Andreaskirche (BS)
Authors: Uhl Annette
Published: July 2021

Die vorliegende anthropologische Untersuchung wurde im Rahmen einer Diplomarbeit an der naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel vorgenommen. Sie bezieht sich auf das mittelalterliche Skelettmaterial aus der ehemaligen St. Andreaskirche vom Andreasplatz in Basel. Die Ausgrabungen führte die Archäologische Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt in drei Etappen über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren von 1977 bis 1987 durch.
WIND (Workflow for pIRNAs aNd beyonD): a strategy for in-depth analysis of small RNA-seq data
Authors: Geles Konstantinos , Palumbo Domenico , Sellitto Assunta , Giurato Giorgio , Cianflone Eleonora , Marino Fabiola , Torella Daniele , Mirici Cappa Valeria , Nassa Giovanni , Tarallo Roberta , Weisz Alessandro , Rizzo Francesca
Published: July 2021

Current bioinformatics workflows for PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) analysis focus primarily on germline-derived piRNAs and piRNA-clusters. Frequently, they suffer from outdated piRNA databases, questionable quantification methods, and lack of reproducibility. Often, pipelines specific to miRNA analysis are used for the piRNA research in silico. Furthermore, the absence of a well-established database for piRNA annotation, as for miRNA, leads to uniformity issues between studies and generates confusion for data analysts and biologists.

For these reasons, we have developed WIND (Workflow for pIRNAs aNd beyonD), a bioinformatics workflow that addresses the crucial issue of piRNA annotation, thereby allowing a reliable analysis of small RNA sequencing data for the identification of piRNAs and other small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that in the past have been incorrectly classified as piRNAs. WIND allows the creation of a comprehensive annotation track of sncRNAs combining information available in RNAcentral, with piRNA sequences from piRNABank, the first database dedicated to piRNA annotation. WIND was built with Docker containers for reproducibility and integrates widely used bioinformatics tools for sequence alignment and quantification. In addition, it includes Bioconductor packages for exploratory data and differential expression analysis. Moreover, WIND implements a "dual" approach for the evaluation of sncRNAs expression level quantifying the aligned reads to the annotated genome and carrying out an alignment-free transcript quantification using reads mapped to the transcriptome. Therefore, a broader range of piRNAs can be annotated, improving their quantification and easing the subsequent downstream analysis. WIND performance has been tested with several small RNA-seq datasets, demonstrating how our approach can be a useful and comprehensive resource to analyse piRNAs and other classes of sncRNAs.
Abdominal tuberculosis misdiagnosed as acute surgical abdomen and carcinomatosis
Authors: Meregildo-Rodriguez Edinson Dante , Tafur-Ramirez Rosita Claudia , Espino-Saavedra Walter Giovanny , Angulo-Prentice Sonia Fiorella
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. Tuberculosis can be confused with other diseases and its diagnosis is frequently delayed, especially in areas of low prevalence. Abdominal tuberculosis includes involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, lymph nodes, and/or solid organs; and accounts for 5% of all cases of tuberculosis. We report two cases of young patients who presented preoperatively as acute abdomen due to acute appendicitis. During surgery, these cases were misdiagnosed as “carcinomatosis”, and in the postoperative period these cases were complicated with septic shock. In both cases, histopathology showed caseating granulomas which suggested tuberculous peritonitis and enteritis. Subsequently, RT-PCR in peritoneal fluid confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In one case the clinical response to treatment was excellent, and the other case was fatal.

The aim of this report is to bring attention to the spectrum of tuberculosis, and to serve as a reminder of tuberculosis as the great imitator that can masquerade as cancer. Most tuberculous patients erroneously diagnosed as cancer have extensive “neoplastic” lesions that would suggest an advanced-stage malignancy. Assuming a case as an advanced cancer would reduce the chance of performing more exhaustive studies to get a definitive diagnosis and clinicians would be tempted to offer only palliative treatments.
Musculoskeletal disorders in basketball players and associated factors: a systematic review protocol with meta-analysis
Authors: Cristina de Carvalho Borges Silvia , da Silva Valadão Fernandes Michele , Noll Priscilla Rayanne e Silva , Diniz Azevedo Vinicius , Márcia Ferreira Silva Regina , Rodrigues Mendonça Carolina , Noll Matias
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders play an important role in athletes’ health and success in sports; they are the main contributors to disability, and back pain is a common problem in athletes. Back pain and spinal injuries occur in players because of the repetitive and unilateral body overload during sports practice. Reviews focused on musculoskeletal disorders in basketball players are scarce in the literature. We describe a systematic review protocol for assessing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the associated factors in basketball players.

Methods and analysis: The protocol will be based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) items and articles will be searches in the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies will be included if they are written in English and without restriction regarding the search period. All research stages will be performed by two independent reviewers and will be conducted using Rayyan. Potential disagreements will be analyzed by a third reviewer. The inter-rater reliability will be determined through the Cohen's kappa coefficient. Evidence quality will be ascertained by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system, while the Downs and Black checklist will be used for assessing the risk of bias. A descriptive summary and presentation of the characteristics and findings of all included studies will be provided in a table. Regarding these data, if there are sufficient high-quality studies, we plan to perform a meta-analysis.

Discussion: The obtained results might possibly relate back pain to postural changes in this population. In addition, the data will be compared based on gender and different age groups. It is expected that the results can support the implementation of programs and actions for prevention, ultimately aiming at improving health, quality of life, and sports performance.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020201653 on August, 31, 2020.
Italian public’s views on sharing genetic information and medical information: findings from the ‘Your DNA, Your Say’ study
Authors: Romano Virginia , Milne Richard , Mascalzoni Deborah
Published: July 2021

Background: The collection and sharing of genomic and health data underpins global efforts to develop genomic medicine services. ‘Your DNA, Your Say’ is a cross-sectional survey with the goal of gathering lay public attitudes toward the access and sharing of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) information and medical information. It suggests significant international variation in the willingness to share information, and in trust in the actors associated with the collection and use of this information. This paper explores these questions in the Italian context.

Methods: The Italian Your DNA, Your Say campaign led to the collection of 1229 valid questionnaires. The sample was analysed using standard descriptive statistics. We described the sample in terms of gender, age ranges and self-reported religiosity, and split the sample amongst the five typically studied Italian macro-areas to explore regional variation. We analysed the relationship between these factors and trust and willingness to share medical and DNA information. 

Results: The majority of the sample, across all socio-demographics, were willing to share DNA and health information with all entities considered except for-profit researchers. Respondents tended not to trust institutions beyond their own doctor. There was no difference between Italian regions.

Conclusions: Despite the generally positive attitude towards sharing, we suggest that the lack of trust in non-profit researchers and the government needs to be better understood to inform public communication projects around genomics in the future and to enhance awareness of DNA and medical information in Italy.
German: Management in tourism
Authors: Koplyakova Ekaterina , Maksimov Yuriy
Published: July 2021

As a result of the work on this textbook, students will get acquainted with the main language tools. The texts and the system of exercises are aimed at preparing highly qualified specialists for such types of speech activity as reading, speaking, listening and writing in German. Most of the exercises are of a communicative nature. In the tutorial there are keys to individual exercises, before which a sign is indicated . The subject of the lessons takes into account the requirements of the discipline "Foreign language" for bachelors of non-linguistic universities.
It meets the modern requirements of domestic and foreign methods and psychology of teaching foreign languages in non-linguistic universities.
It is intended for bachelors of non-linguistic universities who study German as a second foreign language in the context of a competence-based approach.
Fundamentals of occupational safety in the technosphere
Authors: Tatarenko Valeriy , Romeyko Valeriy , Lyapina Ol'ga
Published: July 2021

The textbook contains systematized information on the specific features of the life safety of the working population engaged in labor activity in an artificial habitat-the technosphere.
The article presents the current provisions of the integrated methodology of technosphere safety, the legal foundations of modern legislation and regulatory regulation in this area, information about the leading dangerous and harmful production factors, the main directions of preventing the risks of occupational injuries and occupational morbidity of employees with the implementation of economic mechanisms for managing the safety of working conditions in organizations.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduate students studying in the direction of training "Technosphere safety", as well as specialists in the field of labor protection and social insurance.
Administrative law
Authors: Gubareva Tat'yana , Trusov Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

The textbook highlights the place of executive power in the system of state power of the Russian Federation; examines the concept, subject and methods of administrative law, the administrative and legal status of collective and individual subjects; describes positive institutions of administrative law, such as the Institute of licensing, the Institute of certification, the Institute of registration, institutes of metrology, certification and standardization, and others; highlights the main issues of institutions caused by legal conflicts. A large section of the textbook is devoted to administrative and tort law.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of legal specialties of educational organizations of secondary vocational and higher education, as well as for teachers of law faculties and practitioners.
Fundamentals of Service sector marketing
Authors: Novikova Mariya
Published: July 2021

The textbook discusses the key concepts, elements and processes of marketing management used in the practice of the hairdressing services market. The purpose of the textbook is to familiarize students with the specifics of marketing services, as well as the basics of theoretical and practical knowledge in the marketing of hairdressing salons. The peculiarity of this tutorial is that it combines the general theory of marketing in commercial enterprises with practical examples of the application of this knowledge in hairdressing. This allows students to form a systematic and analytical knowledge in the field of marketing in the market of hairdressing services.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of secondary vocational education institutions studying in the specialty 43.02.13 "Technologies of hairdressing".
When Do Firms Trade Patents?
Authors: Kwon Jung H. , Park Haemin Dennis , Deng Shu
Published: July 2021

Drawing on the Coase theorem, we consider a firm’s decision to transfer patent ownership to another firm in the markets for innovation. We deem that the proximity of a patent’s technology structure to that of a firm’s patent portfolio will generally result in greater marginal productivity of the patent, leading to enhanced prospects for the firm’s economic return. We thus predict that firms are more likely to trade patents when the technology structure of a patent is closer to the technology stock of a potential buyer compared with that of its original assignee. However, such a relationship will be weaker when a potential buyer and the original assignee have greater product-market overlap or when the assignee has superior technological capability. We test these predictions by employing a dyad-level analysis of transactional decisions during the 1987–2016 period on 40,110 U.S. patents assigned to 57 major biopharmaceutical firms. Our study provides novel insights on factors that facilitate or inhibit patent trade in the markets for innovation.
Negligência urbanística e projeto urbano na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Barandier Henrique
Published: July 2021

Este artigo trata da noção de negligência urbanística, concebida a partir de estudos sobre o desenvolvimento urbano carioca e sobre a prática de projetos urbanos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro nas últimas três décadas. Parte-se da hipótese de que, no Rio de Janeiro, subjaz um quadro de negligência urbanística que se impõe de diferentes formas sobre o território, em especial, pelas tendências de segregação socioespacial e de reprodução de padrões insustentáveis de urbanização determinadas por dois fenômenos principais: dispersão urbana e informalidade urbana crescentes Ao mesmo tempo, observa-se que a prática de projetos urbanos, privilegiada na gestão urbana carioca, não rompeu com o urbanismo normativo tradicional, que, do ponto de visto teórico, a noção de projeto urbano se contraporia, nem com lógicas que orientam o desenvolvimento urbano desigual e excludente na cidade.
Desconcentração regional e diversificação da indústria no Estado do Rio de Janeiro – 2003/2014
Authors: Lacerda Henrique Schmidt dos Reis , Saboia João
Published: July 2021

As mudanças sofridas pela indústria brasileira na última década e meia modificaram o parqueindustrial geograficamente e setorialmente. O estudo aqui desenvolvido cobre o período 2003/2014 e procura identificar a dinâmica industrial, analisando seus efeitos em termos da distribuição regional e setorial da indústria no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizando dados da RAIS para as variáveis emprego, número de estabelecimentos, massa salarial e salário médio, o trabalho destaca as principais mudanças ocorridas no Rio de Janeiro. Uma de suas características é o papel do setor petroleiro, que se desenvolve rapidamente no período e transforma Macaé em um importante polo industrial do estado. O processo de desconcentração regional e diversificação setorial da indústria fluminense ocorre de forma heterogênea e o estudo busca identificá-lo destacando as principais microrregiões fluminenses.
Desinstitucionalização: análise dos direitos fundamentais e saúde mental pública
Authors: Silva Victoria Muniz Cabral da , Lima Paolla Vieira
Published: July 2021

O artigo a seguir aborda a política pública de desinstitucionalização da saúde mental. Para tanto, utilizaremos os indicadores do município do Rio de Janeiro, produzidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Com isso, poderemos verificar a congruência da implementação da supradita política pública, estabelecendo uma análise com seus objetivos. Além disso, o estudo dessa correlação trará subsídios para averiguar se a desinstitucionalização como política pública está apropriada com a concretização dos direitos fundamentais. A metodologia será norteada pela observação de indicadores produzidos pelo monitoramento interno, baseado na abordagem teórica multidisciplinar entre direitos e psiquiatria.
Crescimento demográfico e espacial de uma cidade média: Angra dos Reis
Authors: Chetry Michael
Published: July 2021

A cidade de Angra dos Reis, localizada na região da Baía da Ilha Grande, a 150 km ao sul do Rio de Janeiro, é uma das primeiras ocupações coloniais do litoral fluminense. Durante quase 400 anos, ela era caracterizada por um fraco dinamismo demográfico, até meados do século XX, data a partir da qual o município mostra um ritmo de crescimento demográfico intenso e regular. Hoje a cidade conta com quase 200 mil habitantes, o que a torna estatisticamente uma cidade média. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar o crescimento demográfico de Angra dos Reis, seus componentes e seus impactos na extensão da malha urbana. Essa dinâmica é o resultado de uma forte imigração, embora seu papel venha diminuindo nos últimos anos. O crescimento urbano da cidade apresenta um aspecto fragmentado ao longo do litoral e sublinha o caráter desigual do processo de urbanização brasileira, entre melhoria geral das condições urbanas e a expansão dos aglomerados subnormais.
Oferta e Demanda de Capacitação para Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Santos Guilherme , Lèbre La Rovere Renata , Silva Elisama
Published: July 2021

Os Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento (Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) envolvem atividades econômicas que têm como objetivo a criação, acumulação ou disseminação de conhecimento, podendo contribuir significativamente para a geração de valor, devido ao seu potencial inovador. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico das concentrações econômicas de KIBS no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e da oferta de capacitação nestas atividades nas diferentes regiões para refletir de que forma estes serviços podem contribuir o desenvolvimento de inovações no Estado. A metodologia da pesquisa se estruturou em cinco etapas: 1) revisão bibliográfica sobre KIBS através de pesquisa no Portal de Periódicos CAPES; 2) seleção dos segmentos mais importantes destes serviços para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro usando a Classificação Nacional das Atividades Econômicas (CNAE/IBGE); 3) Cálculo, para cada um destes segmentos dos Quocientes Locacionais para todos os municípios do Estado a fim de identificar as demandas por capacitação; 4) Mapeamento das ofertas de capacitação em cursos de nível técnico, superior e pós-graduação lato e stricto senso para os segmentos que se mostraram relevantes no Estado; 5) cruzamento entre oferta e demanda para identificação dos munícipios onde há potencial de desenvolvimento destes serviços no ERJ. Os resultados sugerem que grande parte da oferta e demanda de capacitação por KIBS no ERJ está concentrada na sua região metropolitana, o que impõe limites à contribuição destes serviços para o desenvolvimento de atividades de inovação em outras regiões.
Should SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for all frontline healthcare staff be compulsory?
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: July 2021

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the issues raised by the recent government decision to make vaccination against the virus causing COVID-19 mandatory for care home staff
Nutritional support for children and young people: nasogastric tubes
Authors: Rosengarten Leah , Davies Barbara
Published: July 2021

The need to offer nutritional support to children and young people is commonplace for health professionals. This article explores the use and indication of nasogastric tubes (NGT) in children and young people, before explaining the process of inserting NGTs and the ongoing management of this method of nutritional support.
Emergency contraception
Authors: Winter George
Published: July 2021

George Winter considers why there is still many conscientious objectors to emergency contraception working in medicine, trying to understand this selective line of thought, drawing upon key papers to further break down their reasoning
Catalogue of the types of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) destroyed in the fire of 2.IX.2018, at the National Museum of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), BRAZIL
Authors: SILVA NETO ALBERTO MOREIRA , GARCÍA ALDRETE ALFONSO N. , RAFAEL JOSÉ ALBERTINO
Published: July 2021

A catalogue of type specimens of Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) destroyed in the fire of 2.IX.2018 at the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) is presented. 20 holotypes and six paratypes, included in four families of Psocoptera (Cladiopsocidae Smithers, 1972; Dolabellopsocidae Eertmoed, 1973; Epipsocidae Pearman, 1936 and Ptiloneuridae Roesler, 1940), all described by New (1972) and deposited in the MNRJ were destroyed during the fire. The taxa are presented alphabetically by suborders, infraorders, families, and genera, followed by species (updated to the valid name), bibliographic citation, type category, description of the type condition with collection number and method of preservation. When necessary, comments are added.
Effect of the fluid–structure interaction on solid rocket motors instabilities
Authors: Richard J. , Morel T. , Nicoud F.
Published: July 2021

Large solid propellant rocket motors may be subjected to aero-acoustic instabilities arising from a coupling between the burnt gas flow and the acoustic eigenmodes of the combustion chamber. Given the size and cost of any single firing test or launch, it is of first importance to predict and avoid these instabilities at the design level. The main purpose of this paper is to build a numerical tool in order to evaluate how the coupling of the fluid flow and the whole structure of the motor influences the amplitude of the aeroacoustic oscillations living inside of the rocket. A particular attention was paid to the coupling algorithm between the fluid and the solid solvers in order to ensure the best energy conservation through the interface. A computation of a subscaled version of the Ariane 5 solid propellant engine is presented as illustration.
Reflection terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for imaging and identifying concealed interfaces in insulated systems
Authors: Lowry Seth N. , Price Brad D. , Hartley Ian D. , Shegelski Mark R. A. , Reid Matt
Published: July 2021

Polarization-resolved reflection spectroscopy enabled by a custom ultrahigh molecular weight polymer dove prism is used to identify spectral characteristics that manifest in the time domain at terahertz frequencies, which shows promise in combination with terahertz time-domain reference-free reflection imaging at a concealed interface. The method is used to produce

100

×

100

pixel images of an interface concealed by an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer using TE and TM polarized terahertz fields. The construction of material-specific image filters is guided by a theoretical reflection model by identifying reflection pulse characteristics unique to an interface. Application of these filters to the collected terahertz images distinguishes materials at the interface including the concealing plastic, water, air, glass, and metal that are correctly identified and imaged.
Projection optical engine design based on tri-color LEDs and digital light processing technology
Authors: Jiang Haonan , Lin Zibin , Li Yao , Yan Yinguo , Zhou Ziping , Chen Enguo , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang
Published: July 2021

Digital light processing (DLP) is currently a cutting-edge technology for desktop projection optical engines. Due to the passive luminescence characteristics, the DLP projection engine needs a few specific illumination optical components for light collimation, homogenization, and color combination, together with a projection lens matching the DLP chip and magnifying the image. In this paper, we propose a design approach that first splits the DLP projection optical engine into individual components for separate design, and then integrates them into a whole system for further verification. For the first step, the collimating lens group is designed for light collection, and the dichroic mirrors are used to fold the light path based on tri-color LED light sources. For the second step, a fly-eye lens and the corresponding relay lens group are designed to achieve uniform illumination on the DMD chip. The third step is to optimize the projection lens group for high-resolution projection display. Based on the design and simulation, the optical efficiency is 63.4% and the uniformity reaches 94.9% on the projection screen. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the projection lens is higher than 0.4 at 66 lines for the distance of

500

∼

1500

m
m

, and the distortion is lower than 1%. Simulation results show that the total luminous flux is estimated to reach 224.15 lm when the powers of tri-color LEDs are 21 W, 15.5 W, and 25 W, respectively. A projector prototype is built and tested for further verification, which provides a luminous flux of 220.43 lm and uniformity of 90.22%, respectively. The proposed design, demonstrated by both simulation and experiment, exhibits high feasibility and application potential in state-of-the-art commercial projector design.
Separation of interreflections based on parallel single-pixel imaging
Authors: Jiang Hongzhi , Yan Yongjing , Li Xudong , Zhao Huijie , Li Yuxi , Xu Yang
Published: July 2021

Interreflections introduced by points in a scene are not only illuminated by the light source used but also by other points in the scene. Interreflections cause inaccuracy and the failure of 3D recovery and optical measurements. In this research, a novel method for separating interreflections through parallel single-pixel imaging (PSI) is proposed, which can decompose interreflections into 1st bounce light, 2nd bounce light, and a higher order light component. PSI is used in obtaining the light transport coefficients of each camera pixel, and light transport coefficients are used in decomposing the intensity distribution of a projector and the component of interreflections. Results show that the proposed method can separate the interreflections of a real static scene in a concave surface.
Design, simulation and characterization of integrated photonic spectrographs for astronomy: generation-I AWG devices based on canonical layouts
Authors: Stoll Andreas , Madhav Kalaga V. , Roth Martin M.
Published: July 2021

We present an experimental study on our first generation of custom-developed arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) on a silica platform for spectroscopic applications in near-infrared astronomy. We provide a comprehensive description of the design, numerical simulation and characterization of several AWG devices aimed at spectral resolving powers of 15,000–60,000 in the astronomical H-band. We evaluate the spectral characteristics of the fabricated devices in terms of insertion loss and estimated spectral resolving power and compare the results with numerical simulations. We estimate resolving powers of up to 18,900 from the output channel 3-dB transmission bandwidth. Based on the first characterization results, we select two candidate AWGs for further processing by removal of the output waveguide array and polishing the output facet to optical quality with the goal of integration as the primary diffractive element in a cross-dispersed spectrograph. We further study the imaging properties of the processed AWGs with regards to spectral resolution in direct imaging mode, geometry-related defocus aberration, and polarization sensitivity of the spectral image. We identify phase error control, birefringence control, and aberration suppression as the three key areas of future research and development in the field of high-resolution AWG-based spectroscopy in astronomy.
Optical super-resonance in a customized P
T-symmetric system of hybrid interaction
Authors: Yuan Jia-Qi , Zhao Bo , Sun Lin-Shan , Wu Li-Ting , Guo Tian-Jing , Kang Ming , Chen Jing
Published: July 2021

We investigate the optical resonances in coupled meta-atoms with hybrid interaction pathways. One interaction pathway is the directly near-field coupling between the two meta-atoms. The other interaction pathway is via the continuum in a waveguide functioned as a common bus connecting them. We show that by properly introducing gain or loss into the meta-atoms, the hybrid optical system becomes parity-time (

P
T

) symmetric, in which the effective coupling rate can be customized by manipulating the length of the waveguide. At the exact phase of the customized

P
T

symmetry, the coupled meta-atoms support discrete super-resonant modes that can be observed from the transmission spectra as extremely sharp peaks. At an exception point where the eigenmodes coalesce, albeit the transmission curve is flat, a high-Q factor of the localized field in the meta-atoms can be obtained. Similarities of the super-resonance with the bound states in the continuum (BICs) are discussed. This investigation promotes our understanding about the ways in realizing high-Q optical resonance especially by manipulating the distributions of loss and gain via the concepts of

P
T

and BICs. Many attractive applications are expected.
Suppressing surface plasmon losses to improve the efficiency of blue organic light-emitting diodes using the plasmonic quasi-bandgap phenomenon
Authors: Lee Tae-Woo , Kim Dohong , Han Jun Hee , Lee Somin , Lee Hoseung , Choi Seungyeop , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: July 2021

It is a persistent problem in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display devices that the efficiency of blue-light source materials is lower than that of green- or red-light source materials. To address this problem, numerous studies have investigated blue-light-emitting materials. However, ensuring the reliability of the blue-light-emitting materials has been difficult in most studies. In this study, electrodes using asymmetric dielectric/metal/dielectric structures with plasmonic quasi-bandgap characteristics were developed to achieve a highly efficient blue fluorescent OLED. The electrodes were applied in a microcavity OLED and a transparent OLED. Using the developed electrode in fabricated OLED devices not only maximized the cavity resonance effect and transparency, but also preserved the advantage of the work function of the metal in terms of electrical properties, with high device stability. The approach also minimized losses caused by surface plasmon polaritons, which is a blind spot in the optical aspect of metal electrodes, resulting in improved light extraction efficiency.
Ethanol treatment of nanoPGA/PCL composite scaffolds enhances human chondrocyte development in the cellular microenvironment of tissue-engineered auricle constructs
Authors: Hirano Narihiko , Kusuhara Hirohisa , Sueyoshi Yu , Teramura Takeshi , Murthy Ananth , Asamura Shinichi , Isogai Noritaka , Jacquet Robin DiFeo , Landis William J.
Published: July 2021

A major obstacle for tissue engineering ear-shaped cartilage is poorly developed tissue comprising cell-scaffold constructs. To address this issue, bioresorbable scaffolds of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polyglycolic acid nanofibers (nanoPGA) were evaluated using an ethanol treatment step before auricular chondrocyte scaffold seeding, an approach considered to enhance scaffold hydrophilicity and cartilage regeneration. Auricular chondrocytes were isolated from canine ears and human surgical samples discarded during otoplasty, including microtia reconstruction. Canine chondrocytes were seeded onto PCL and nanoPGA sheets either with or without ethanol treatment to examine cellular adhesion in vitro. Human chondrocytes were seeded onto three-dimensional bioresorbable composite scaffolds (PCL with surface coverage of nanoPGA) either with or without ethanol treatment and then implanted into athymic mice for 10 and 20 weeks. On construct retrieval, scanning electron microscopy showed canine auricular chondrocytes seeded onto ethanol-treated scaffolds in vitro developed extended cell processes contacting scaffold surfaces, a result suggesting cell-scaffold adhesion and a favorable microenvironment compared to the same cells with limited processes over untreated scaffolds. Adhesion of canine chondrocytes was statistically significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) for ethanol-treated compared to untreated scaffold sheets. After implantation for 10 weeks, constructs of human auricular chondrocytes seeded onto ethanol-treated scaffolds were covered with glossy cartilage while constructs consisting of the same cells seeded onto untreated scaffolds revealed sparse connective tissue and cartilage regeneration. Following 10 weeks of implantation, RT-qPCR analyses of chondrocytes grown on ethanol-treated scaffolds showed greater expression levels for several cartilage-related genes compared to cells developed on untreated scaffolds with statistically significantly increased SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) and decreased interleukin-1α (inflammation-related) expression levels (p ≤ 0.05). Ethanol treatment of scaffolds led to increased cartilage production for 20- compared to 10-week constructs. While hydrophilicity of scaffolds was not assessed directly in the present findings, a possible factor supporting the summary data is that hydrophilicity may be enhanced for ethanol-treated nanoPGA/PCL scaffolds, an effect leading to improvement of chondrocyte adhesion, the cellular microenvironment and cartilage regeneration in tissue-engineered auricle constructs.
Trends of maternal waterpipe, cigarettes, and dual tobacco smoking in Jordan. A decade of lost opportunities
Authors: Kheirallah Khalid A. , Shugaa Addin Nuha , Alolimat Maan M.
Published: July 2021

Background

Maternal tobacco use is a global public health problem. In the literature, the focus was mainly on cigarette smoking, minimally on waterpipe use, and totally ignored dual use among pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of current maternal tobacco use by tobacco product (cigarette, waterpipe, and dual use) over a period of ten years (2007 to 2017), and examined the socio-demographic patterning of maternal tobacco use.

Methods

A secondary analysis of Jordan DHS four data waves was conducted for women who reported to be pregnant at the time of the survey. Current cigarette and waterpipe tobacco use were investigated. Prevalence estimates for cigarette-only, waterpipe-only, and dual use, as well as for cigarette, regardless of waterpipe, and waterpipe, regardless of cigarette, were reported. The effect of independent variables on cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and dual use was assessed. Logistic regression models assessed the adjusted effects of socio-demographic variables on cigarette smoking, waterpipe use, and on dual use. For each outcome variable, a time-adjusted and a time-unadjusted logistic models were conducted.

Results

Over the last decade, the prevalence estimates of current cigarette-only smoking slightly decreased. The prevalence estimates of current waterpipe-only use exceeded those for cigarette-only after 2007 and showed a steady overall increase. Current dual use showed a continuous rise especially after 2009. Gradual increase in cigarette smoking (4.1%, in 2007, and 5.7% in 2017) and in waterpipe use (2.5% to 6.4%) were detected. Education showed an inverse relationship with cigarette and waterpipe smoking. Household wealth demonstrated a positive association with cigarette and waterpipe smoking.

Conclusions

Tobacco use epidemic is expanding its roots among pregnant women in Jordan through not only waterpipe use but also dual cigarette–waterpipe smoking. Maternal and child services should consider tobacco counseling and cessation.
Development of nano-emulsions based on Ayapana triplinervis essential oil for the control of Aedes aegypti larvae
Authors: Lobato Rodrigues Alex Bruno , Martins Rosany Lopes , Rabelo Érica de Menezes , Tomazi Rosana , Santos Lizandra Lima , Brandão Lethícia Barreto , Faustino Cleidjane Gomes , Ferreira Farias Ana Luzia , dos Santos Cleydson Breno Rodrigues , de Castro Cantuária Patrick , Galardo Allan Kardec Ribeiro , de Almeida Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva
Published: July 2021

Ayapana triplinervisis a plant species used in traditional medicine and in mystical-religious rituals by traditional communities in the Amazon. The aim of this study are to develop a nano-emulsion containing essential oil fromA.triplinervismorphotypes, to evaluate larvicidal activity againstAedes aegyptiand acute oral toxicity in Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus). The essential oils were extracted by steam dragging, identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and nano-emulsions were prepared using the low energy method. Phytochemical analyses indicated the major compounds, expressed as area percentage, β-Caryophyllene (45.93%) and Thymohydroquinone Dimethyl Ether (32.93%) in morphotype A; and Thymohydroquinone Dimethyl Ether (84.53%) was found in morphotype B. Morphotype A essential oil nano-emulsion showed a particle size of 101.400 ± 0.971 nm (polydispersity index = 0.124 ± 0.009 and zeta potential = -19.300 ± 0.787 mV). Morphotype B essential oil nano-emulsion had a particle size of 104.567 ± 0.416 nm (polydispersity index = 0.168 ± 0.016 and zeta potential = -27.700 ± 1.307 mV). Histomorphological analyses showed the presence of inflammatory cells in the liver of animals treated with morphotype A essential oil nano-emulsion (MAEON) and morphotype B essential oil nano-emulsion (MBEON). Congestion and the presence of transudate with leukocyte infiltration in the lung of animals treated with MAEON were observed. The nano-emulsions containing essential oils ofA.triplinervismorphotypes showed an effective nanobiotechnological product in the chemical control ofA.aegyptilarvae with minimal toxicological action for non-target mammals.