bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil epidemiológico das internações relativas à Doença de Crohn e Colite Ulcerativa no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Pinheiro Beatriz Rodrigues , Camargos Gabriela Luiza Nogueira , Queiroz Ravena Telles , Fonseca Édson Freire
Published: December 2024

A Doença de Crohn (DC) e a Colite Ulcerativa (CU) são Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (DII), condições crônicas com múltiplas causas, incluindo fatores genéticos, imunológicos e ambientais. No Brasil, houve aumento das DII, especialmente em áreas industrializadas, no entanto poucos estudos abordam o perfil epidemiológico dessas condições. Este trabalho objetiva analisar as internações e óbitos decorrentes da DC e CU. A pesquisa empregou uma metodologia quantitativa transversal com dados do DATASUS, analisando 5. 103 internações por DII em Minas Gerais entre 2014 e 2024. As variáveis incluíram número de óbitos e de internações e internações por: sexo, faixa etária, cor/raça, caráter de atendimento, valor total, média de dias. Houve predominância de internações de urgência (95%), com maior incidência em mulheres (56,6%) e pardos (51,9%), concentrando-se principalmente entre a faixa etária de 20 a 49 anos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 6,9 dias, com picos de mortalidade registrados em 2020 e 2023. Na discussão, ressaltou-se a influência dos fatores ambientais na progressão das DII. A maior incidência em mulheres pode estar relacionada a diferenças hormonais. Casos em jovens adultos indicam impacto na população economicamente ativa. O maior número de casos entre indivíduos pardos reflete a demografia da região. As internações de urgência e seus altos custos destacam a necessidade de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce, enquanto os picos de mortalidade evidenciam desafios no manejo clínico. Identificar o perfil epidemiológico dessas doenças direciona esforços para otimizar recursos e melhorar a qualidade de vida, promovendo uma abordagem mais eficaz no manejo dessas condições.
Transtornos depressivos em mulheres no climatério: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Henrique Lago de , Santiago Fernando Gabriel dos Santos , Rodrigues Cleberson Dias , Leão Lucas Alves , Leão José Mauro de Almeida , Pantoja Pedro Murilo Moreira
Published: December 2024

O climatério, período compreendido entre a fase reprodutiva e não-reprodutiva das pessoas do sexo feminino, é caracterizado por alterações hormonais significativas, que podem ter um impacto profundo na saúde mental das mulheres, estando relacionado a depressão, irritabilidade, ansiedade. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo é conhecer o estado da arte das alterações psíquicas decorrentes das mudanças endócrinas relacionadas ao climatério e seus reflexos na qualidade de vida das mulheres. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada no protocolo PRISMA, norteado pela pergunta de pesquisa: “Quais as repercussões da depressão no climatério?” realizada no período de junho de 2024 a dezembro de 2024. Foram analisados 12 estudos, em sua maioria de qualidade alta, que descreveram diversos achados relacionados aos sintomas depressivos da menopausa, como idade, alterações nutricionais, influência das taxas hormonais, fatores neurotróficos, alterações em níveis de neurotransmissores e uso de anticoncepcionais. As alterações hormonais em mulheres no climatério levam a significativas mudanças fisiológicas, como alterações em níveis neutrotróficos e em neurotransmissoes. Tais alterações podem repercutir em queixas psiquiátricas, sendo que as mais relatadas envolvem labilidade humoral e estão relacionadas à realização de terapia de reposição hormonal, ainda que não haja consenso. A grande variabilidade de humor não é causada somente por ação direta dos hormônios, mas por efeitos indiretos como sobre o sono. O detalhamento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos poderá possibilitar o desenvolvimento de planejamentos terapêuticos individualizados, com consequente manejo mais resolutivo às pacientes.
Letter to society: what are we doing to the environment that sustains us?
Authors: Figueiredo Amanda Lima , Siqueira Felipe Fernando da Silva
Published: December 2024

In recent decades, attention has increasingly focused on the impact of human disturbances on the degradation of natural ecosystems, primarily due to the need to "supply" food, housing, and consumer goods for the human population. Human activities have intensified the effects of climate change, which are considered the main drivers of biodiversity loss, economic, and social damage. Thus, it can be argued that the capitalist system, based on fossil fuels and the forest resources exploitation, is chiefly responsible for the current ecological crisis. This “document” aimed to present a letter to society about what we are doing to our ecosystems, serving as a warning for the existence of our specie. The methodology used in the preparation of the study was a narrative literature review.
Assessment of the technical perfection level of Robot Dog type striding unmanned ground complexes
Authors: Korolova Olha , Kazan Pavlo , Milkovych Igor
Published: December 2024

Today, unmanned systems have become one of the key weapons in the war against Russia, new and different ways of using these systems are being introduced, and the search for new ways of using them continues. For example, the Armed Forces of Ukraine use walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type due to the features of the design, as well as mass, dimensions and cargo capabilities. Complexes of the Robot Dog type are already used for humanitarian missions, for example, they are used for demining territories. They also perform security and surveillance functions, patrolling the territory; study of hard-to-reach places, monitoring and reconnaissance, data collection in dangerous or difficult conditions. Such complexes are used for the transportation of light cargo (medical equipment or necessary resources).
The article analyzes modern popular multifunctional biomorphic walking ground platforms - unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type. Their functions and capabilities are considered, and the tasks performed today by walking unmanned ground systems of the Robot Dog type in the armed forces of the leading countries of the world are given. The main tactical and technical characteristics of these samples are provided.
The evaluation of the level of technical perfection by the proportional scale and the "rating-weight" scale of the five most common samples of walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type was carried out, and the influence of negative indicators of the technical perfection of the sample on its comprehensive evaluation. The rating among the studied samples of the same type of walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type was determined.
Analysis of the enemy's electronic warfare and air defense capabilities regarding their impact on the effectiveness of strikes on targets by M142 “HIMARS” and M270 “MLRS” missile systems
Authors: Yunda Valerii , Mizin Vladislav , Vyhovskyi Maksym
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the capabilities of the electronic warfare and air defense systems of the Armed Forces of the russian federation, which conducted fire strikes and electronic suppression of precision-guided missiles of the “GMLRS” and “ATACMS“ families, affecting the effectiveness of strikes on targets by missile units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, equipped with M142 “HIMARS” and M270 “MLRS” missile systems. The experience gained by leading countries in local conflicts has demonstrated the crucial importance of this type of weaponry. However, in most cases, the opposing forces in these local conflicts were not equal, meaning fire strikes were conducted in conditions of either the absence or limited presence of electronic warfare and air defense systems. For the first time, during combat operations in Ukraine, there was active opposition from modern air defense and electronic warfare systems against these mentioned weapons, resulting in some missile strikes being intercepted and a decrease in their accuracy. To enhance the effectiveness of missile units under the influence of active defense systems, and to overcome layered air defense and electronic suppression zones, a set of technical and tactical measures is proposed to increase the likelihood of successfully striking enemy targets.
Numerical simulation of thermophysical processes in the bubble as an element of a masking curtain
Authors: Klimov Alexej , Isakov Oleksandr , Pashuba Anton , Kyprinenko Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The movement of a bubble in an air stream with the consideration of the heat exchange process between the air, the bubble shell and the heated air inside the bubble was numerically investigated. Numerical modeling was carried out in the Ansys Fluent software product. It was assumed that the injection of the bubble takes place in the air flow, which has a speed of 3 m/s, and the air temperature is 293 K. The calculation was carried out for the diameters of the bubbles, which were equal to 3 mm and 5 mm. The thickness of the bubble shell was equal to 1 μm. It was assumed that at the time of injection of the bubble into the air flow, the initial temperature of the heated air, which is filled with the bubble, exceeds the temperature of the surrounding air in the first variant by 10 K and in the second variant by 30 K. The velocity field of the air flow that occurs inside the bubble during its external flow with a speed of 3 m/s and when the external air is stationary. The bubble surface temperature and air velocity vector field are calculated. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, it was determined that achieving the volatility of the bubble by heating the gas is not expedient due to the short air cooling time, which in the calculated versions did not exceed 250 ms. Therefore, the most effective method for achieving bubble volatility is determined in this paper. Based on the above, we come to the general conclusion that the filling should be with a gas of the density that is less than the density of air under the same thermodynamic conditions. These processes should form the basis of a mechanism that will ensure thermal reconnaissance protection of armoured weapons. This function is most effective when the enemy uses night vision devices. This area should take constant development steps to counteract the enemy's reconnaissance tasks. The material part of the study (gas and liquid) should be studied in interaction and subject to experimental investigation. These actions are aimed at achieving maximum effect.
INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS NETWORKING AND BUSINESS INFORMATION ON SOCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES: THE MODERATING ROLE OF ACCESS TO FINANCE
Authors: Aamir Hussain  , Md Shahin Mia  , Siti Aznor Ahmad  , Ferdoushi Ahmed  , Arfan Shah
Published: December 2024

Social enterprise is a business that makes a profit for its survival along with doing good for society and the community. Taking into consideration the radical view of the RBV theory and signalling theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the influence of business networking, business information and access to finance on the social performance of social enterprises in Pakistan. Primary data collection was done by distributing questionnaires through electronic mediums to owners and directors of social enterprises throughout Pakistan and 384 feedback is received. Data were analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. This study found positive and significant influence of business information, and access to finance on social performance of social enterprises in Pakistan. Moreover, business networking also has a positive and significant influence on social performance. Access to finance positively moderates the relationship between business networking and social performance, while it has a negative impact on business information and social performance. Therefore, the study recommends that social enterprises in Pakistan should emphasise business networking, business information and access to finance to sustain their SE performance. This study assists owners/managers, government officials, regulatory authorities, and policymakers regarding the significance of business information, business networking and access to finance towards the social performance of social enterprise in Pakistan.
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKET COMPETITION, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, AND SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES IN VALUE CO-CREATION AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP INITIATIVES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Yusuf Iskandar  , Alzetrho Baja Pratama  , Andri Ardhiyansyah  , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: December 2024

This quantitative study examines the complex relationship between value co-creation, market competition, technology adoption, sustainability practices, and social entrepreneurship initiatives in Indonesian ventures. Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) on 325 initiatives yields remarkable findings. The results suggest that market competition drives value co-creation and social entrepreneurship initiatives. Social entrepreneurship initiative ventures face severe social and environmental issues when the market competition heats up, and they become better at cooperative value co-creation. Technology adoption is boosting value creation and social entrepreneurship effectiveness. This study emphasizes technology's role in efficiency and innovation. Sustainable practices are essential to value co-creation and social enterprise. Sustainability enhances the possibility that an activity will create value and have long-term environmental and social impacts. Social entrepreneurship initiatives benefited from value-creation collaboration. Value-creating projects address social and environmental challenges more proactively and effectively, demonstrating teamwork to promote good change. Investors, lawmakers, and social entrepreneurs who aim to strengthen Indonesia's social entrepreneurship initiative landscape by generating long-term profit and social impact might use the results.
Исследование устойчивости прототипа малобюджетного цифрового видеоинклинометра к изменению температуры
Authors: Мареев Артем Владимирович , Попков Максим Андреевич , Янгалышев Валентин Рамильевич , Татаренко Валерий Иванович
Published: December 2024

В работе представлено исследование разрабатываемого в лаборатории автоматического геодезического мониторинга СГУГиТ прототипа малобюджетного высокоточного цифрового видеоинклинометра на предмет его устойчивости к изменению температуры. Цифровые высокоточные инклинометры используются в составе автоматизированных систем геодезического мониторинга для раннего предупреждения техногенных аварий. Прототип работает на основе цилиндрической ампулы, использующейся в качестве чувствительного элемента и цифровой видеокамеры. Определение углов наклона чувствительного элемента выполняется при помощи программы компьютерного зрения. В результате исследования установлено, что температурная стабильность прототипа сопоставима с соответствующим показателем прибора Leica Nivel 220 в диапазоне от +10 до +40 °С. Разрабатываемый прототип цифрового инклинометра отличается низкой стоимостью и в перспективе позволит удешевить системы наблюдений геодезического мониторинга.
Картографирование приливно-отливных отмелей вдоль побережья Вьетнама с использованием методов глубокого обучения на основе изображения Sentinel-1
Authors: Куен Динь Туен , Малинников Василий Александрович , Сереке Темесген Эйяссу , Нго Суан Хиен
Published: December 2024

Статья представляет результаты исследования, использующего методы дистанционного зондирования и глубокого обучения сети U-Net в сочетании с техниками трансферного обучения и дообучения сети для изучения и управления приливно-отливными отмелями – важной частью водно-болотных угодий у прибрежных зон Вьетнама. Использование изображений со спутника Sentinel-1 позволяет непрерывно наблюдать в любых погодных условиях, благодаря способности проникать сквозь облака и не зависеть от погоды. Авторы разработали модель глубокого обучения U-Net, применив при этом трансферное обучение и дообучение сети для оптимизации процесса обучения данных. В результате была создана модель, способная автоматически классифицировать приливно-отливные отмели с высокой точностью, достигающей 94,42 %. Для обучения модели были использованы данные, собранные из различных географических мест как в северных, так и в южных регионах Вьетнама. Затем эта модель была применена для определения площади приливно-отливных отмелей вдоль всего побережья 28 провинций Вьетнама. Кроме того, модель была расширена для определения морфологии отмелей, что предоставляет полезную информацию для управления прибрежными водно-болотными угодьями и защиты береговой линии.
Intervensi Teknologi Alat Pengiris Bahan Kripik Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pendapatan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Sudarsono  , Deniyatno  , Irma Nurjannah  , Heriansyah  , Prinob Aksar  , Aminur
Published: December 2024

Desa Puasana Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, memiliki potensi hasil pertanian melimpah namun belum diolah secara optimal. Pengolahan hasil perkebunan seperti pisang dan umbi-umbian menjadi keripik dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah, tetapi proses pengirisan secara manual menghambat efisiensi. Penelitian ini melibatkan penerapan teknologi alat pengiris kripik modern untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi dan kualitas produk. Metode yang digunakan termasuk pembekalan kepada mahasiswa, sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, dan bimbingan teknis terkait penggunaan alat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa alat pengiris mempercepat proses produksi, menghasilkan irisan yang seragam, dan meningkatkan produktivitas serta pendapatan masyarakat. Penerapan teknologi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan daya saing produk dan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Puasana. Saran mencakup pelatihan berkelanjutan, dukungan teknis, dan peningkatan akses ke teknologi untuk memaksimalkan manfaat alat pengiris kripik
Pendampingan Masyarakat Desa Tombawatu Kecamatan Kapoiala Kabupaten Konawe Menuju Desa Tangguh Bencana
Authors: Muliddin Muliddin , LM Iradat Salihin  , Al Rubaiyn  , Arisona  , Amadhan Takwir  , Irawati  , Al Firman  , Wa Ode Srijuna Ramayana
Published: December 2024

Desa Tombawatu Kecamatan Kapoiala Kabupaten Konawe
is a coastal area that is vulnerable to hydrometeorological disasters such as tidal floods and strong winds. This vulnerability requires systematic efforts in disaster risk reduction. This community service program aims to make Tombawatu Village a Disaster Resilient Village through a participatory approach. The activities carried out include Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with village stakeholders, field observations to map threats, and the preparation of disaster risk maps and evacuation routes. The formation of a Disaster Volunteer Team consisting of village residents was also carried out to ensure the sustainability of disaster management efforts. In addition, technical guidance and preparedness simulations were provided to increase community capacity in dealing with disasters. The results of this activity indicate that Tombawatu Village has met the indicators of a Disaster Resilient Village which include aspects of legislation, planning, institutions, and increasing community capacity. This confirms the success of community empowerment in reducing disaster risk.
Model Penataan Taman Bermain (Taman Pintar) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi Pada Permukiman Desa Mata Wawatu Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Kadir Ishak , Anshari Nur Muhammad Nadzirin , Isnawaty  , Ma'ruf Annas , Amrul Hasan La Ode , Ahdiyani Wisdha
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk peningkatan kualitas sumberdaya manusia dalam pengelolaan kawasan Taman Bermain (Taman Pintar) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Desain kawasan Taman Bermain (Taman Pintar) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi beserta pembangunannya serta pelatihan pengelolaan kawasan Taman Bermain (Taman Pintar) dilakukan secara partisipatif. Kebutuhan akan ruang publik yang berkualitas, termasuk taman bermain, untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Taman bermain yang dirancang dengan baik tidak hanya memberikan tempat bagi anak-anak untuk bermain tetapi juga menjadi tempat berkumpul bagi komunitas secara keseluruhan. Kegiatan ini dimulai dengan kegiatan pembekalan mahasiswa sebelum mereka datang ke lokasi KKN, selanjutnya dilakukan observasi dengan metode partisipatif dimana pemerintah desa dan warga desa setempat berembuk menentukan lokasi, setelah itu kemudian dilakukan pemberian pengetahuan dan informasi dasar kepada perangkat desa dan warga sebelum dilanjutkan pada tahap desain dan perancangan kawasan. Selanjutnaya, terdapat pula kegiatan pendampingan pada pembuatan komponen pada kawasan Taman Bermain (Taman Pintar) Berbasis Teknologi Informasi yakni unit permainan bagi anak dan masyarakat Desa Mata Wawatu. output pengabdian kepada masyarakat terintegrasi KKN tematik adalah terbangunnya model penataan taman bermain (Taman Pintar) berbasis teknologi informasi pada permukiman di Desa Mata Wawatu Kecamatan Moramo Utara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan.
Pelatihan Implementasi Website Desa dan Sistem Digitalisasi Posyandu Melati I di Desa Borisallo Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Fadly Kasim  , Muhammad Zainal Altim  , Abdullah Basalamah  , Tanridio Silviaty Delvina  , Muhammad Nadzirin Anshari Nur  , Tanridio Silviaty Delvina
Published: December 2024

Pemanfaatan website dan sistem digitalisasi posyandu di Desa Borisallo, Kecamatan Parangloe, Kabupaten Gowa, masih belum mencapai potensi maksimalnya. Kendala utama yang dihadapi yakni keterbatasan kompetensi perangkat desa dan kader posyandu pengelolaannya. Ini disebabkan karena mereka belum terbiasa dalam memanfaatkan teknologi. Tujuan kegiatan PKM ini untuk memberikan pelatihan dalam memberdayakan perangkat desa dan kader posyandu di Desa Borisallo agar memiliki pengetahuan, kemampuan teknis dan manajerial yang memadai dalam mengimplementasikan dan mengelola website desa serta sistem digitalisasi posyandu. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanan kegiatan PKM adalah metode pendekatan partisipatif, tanya jawab dan pelatihan berbasis praktik yang dirancang dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu, tahap persiapan dan analisis situasi, tahap pemberian materi teori, tahap pelatihan, pengelolaan website desan dan sistem digitalisasi posyandu, tahap demonstrasi dan pengujian, evaluasi, serta pendampingan. Pelatihan terlaksana tetap wantu dan terukur dengan hasil evaluasi yang cukup baik dan positif dalam meningkatkan partisipatif, pengetahuan dan keterampilan aparatur desa, kader posyandu serta serta masyarakat.
Workshop Pembuatan Batako Ramah Lingkungan Berbasis Abu Sekam Padi bagi Pengrajin Batako Desa Puasana Kabupaten Konawe Selatan
Authors: Ngii Edward , La Welendo  , La One  , Agustan  , Prinob Aksar  , Laode Muh. Tajidun
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengrajin batako di Desa Puasana dalam memproduksi batako ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan limbah abu sekam padi. Melalui workshop yang melibatkan 30 peserta, metode yang digunakan mencakup sesi teori, praktik langsung, dan evaluasi melalui pretest dan posttest. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman peserta, dengan nilai posttest rata-rata meningkat sebesar 32,8 poin dibandingkan pretest. Peserta berhasil memproduksi batako dengan kuat tekan rata-rata 5,2 MPa dan daya serap air 9,8%, yang memenuhi standar kualitas nasional. Implementasi teknik ini juga memberikan dampak ekonomi positif, berupa pengurangan biaya produksi sebesar 15-20% dan peningkatan pendapatan hingga 30%. Pembentukan jaringan komunitas melalui platform digital mendukung keberlangsungan program dengan partisipasi aktif dari 87% peserta. Program ini tidak hanya meningkatkan kapasitas pengrajin tetapi juga berkontribusi pada upaya pengurangan limbah dan peningkatan daya saing produk lokal. Temuan ini menunjukkan potensi besar untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut dalam konteks keberlanjutan dan inovasi material bangunan ramah lingkungan.
Blood and urinary cytokine balance and renal outcomes at orthopaedic surgery
Authors: McBride William T. , Kurth Mary Jo , Watt Joanne , Irvine Allister , Domanska Anna , McLean Gavin , Lamont John V. , Fitzgerald Peter , Ruddock Mark W.
Published: December 2024

Background

In patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma surgery, acute kidney injury (AKI) can develop post-operatively and is a major cause of increased mortality and hospital stay time. Development of AKI is associated with three main processes: inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and hypoperfusion. In this study, we investigated whether ratios of urine and blood anti-inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of hypoperfusion, IRI and inflammation are elevated in patients who develop post-trauma orthopaedic surgery acute kidney injury (PTOS-AKI).

Methods

Blood and urinary biomarkers of inflammation, hypoperfusion and IRI were analysed in 237 patients undergoing orthopaedic fracture surgery pre- and post-operatively. Biomarker ratios were compared between non-PTOS-AKI and PTOS-AKI patients.

Results

Multiple inflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in PTOS-AKI patients compared to non-PTOS-AKI patients. When urine anti-inflammatory biomarkers were expressed as biomarker ratios with biomarkers of inflammation, hypoperfusion and IRI, multiple ratios were lower in PTOS-AKI patients. In contrast, blood anti-inflammatory biomarkers when expressed as ratios with blood proinflammatory biomarkers were elevated in PTOS-AKI patients.

Discussion

Reductions in ratios of urine anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory biomarkers in PTOS-AKI patients suggest that the renal anti-inflammatory response is protective against the proinflammatory response in patients who do not develop PTOS-AKI. Detection of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers both pre- and post-operatively may be useful in detecting patients at risk of developing AKI after orthopaedic surgery.
Mechanisms of HIV-immunologic non-responses and research trends based on gut microbiota
Authors: Sun Xiangbin , Xie Zhanpeng , Wu Zhen , Song Meiyang , Zhang Youxian , Zhang Zezhan , Cui Xinxin , Liu Aodi , Li Ke
Published: December 2024

With the increasing number of people with HIV (PWH) and the use of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for PWH, HIV has gradually become a chronic infectious disease. However, some infected individuals develop issues with immunologic non-responses (INRs) after receiving ART, which can lead to secondary infections and seriously affect the life expectancy and quality of life of PWH. Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important factor in immune activation and inflammation in HIV/AIDS, thus stabilizing the gut microbiota to reduce immune activation and inflammation and promoting immune reconstitution may become a direction for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. This paper, based on extensive literature review, summarizes the definition, mechanisms, and solutions for INRs, starting from the perspective of gut microbiota.
An Efficient and Accurate Adaptive Time-Stepping Method for the Landau–Lifshitz Equation
Authors: Kim Hyundong , Kwak Soobin , Mohammed Moumni , Kang Seungyoon , Ham Seokjun , Kim Junseok
Published: December 2024

This article presents an efficient and accurate adaptive time-stepping finite difference method (FDM) for solving the Landau–Lifshitz (LL) equation, which is an important mathematical model in understanding magnetic materials and processes. Our proposed algorithm strategically selects an adaptive time step, ensuring that the maximum displacement falls within a predefined tolerance threshold. Furthermore, this adaptive approach allows the utilization of larger time steps near equilibrium states and results in faster computations. For example, we introduce a numerical test where the adaptive time step decreases from 3.05×10−7 to 3.52×10−9. If a uniform time step is applied, around a 100 times smaller time step must be applied at unnecessary cases. To demonstrate the high performance of our proposed algorithm, we conduct several characteristic benchmark tests. The computational results confirm that the proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate. Overall, our adaptive time-stepping FDM offers a promising solution for accurately and efficiently solving the LL equation and contributes to advancements in the understanding and analysis of magnetic phenomena.
Influence of Infotainment-System Audio Cues on the Sound Quality Perception Onboard Electric Vehicles in the Presence of Air-Conditioning Noise
Authors: Masullo Massimiliano , Yamauchi Katsuya , Dan Minori , Cioffi Federico , Maffei Luigi
Published: December 2024

Car cabin noise generated by heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems significantly impacts passengers’ acoustic comfort. In fact, with the reduction in engine noise due to the passage from internal combustion to electric or hybrid-electric engines, interior background noise has dramatically reduced, especially at 25% and 50% HVAC airflow rates. While previous research has focused on the effect of HVAC noise in car cabins, this paper investigates the possibility of using car infotainment-system audio cues to moderate onboard sound quality perception. A laboratory experiment combining the factors of infotainment-system audio (ISA) cues, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and airflow rates (AFRs) at different levels was performed in two university laboratories in Italy and Japan involving groups of local individuals. The results indicate that introducing ISA cues in car cabins fosters improvements in the perceived aesthetic dimension of sound quality, making it more functioning, natural, and pleasant. For the Italian group, adding ISA cues also moderated the loudness dimension by reducing noise perception. The moderating effects of ISA cues differed between the Italian and Japanese groups, depending on the AFR. All these effects were more evident at the SNR level of −4 dB when the ISA cues competed with existing background noise.
Timid Inaction in Nascent Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the State of Florida
Authors: Collier Donovan , Chinta Ravi , Park Daewoo
Published: December 2024

Though significant research has been conducted on the subject of entrepreneurship, comparatively little empirical research has been done on factors that influence nascent entrepreneurship. Focused on nascent entrepreneurship or pre- startup stages, this study empirically examines the relationship between one’s self-confidence in starting a new business and entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, the mediating and moderating effects of perceived barriers to entrepreneurship are tested in this study. The research is based on primary data from the largest survey (sample size of 1245) ever done in the state of Florida on nascent entrepreneurship. Data analyses utilize the Andrew Hayes macro, an addition to the SPSS regression analyses, to test the mediating effects of perceived barriers. Results show a statistically significant and positive effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Perceived barriers to entrepreneurship have a mediating effect that weakens the impact of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. At very high levels of perceived barriers, the promoting effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions disappears completely. This is empirical proof for the inhibiting nature of perceived barriers in entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with several implications and limitations of the study.
Increasing Planting Density with Reduced Topdressing Nitrogen Inputs Increased Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Improved Grain Quality While Maintaining Yields in Weak-Gluten Wheat
Authors: Zhou Wenyin , Yan Suhui , Rehman Abdul , Li Haojie , Zhang Shiya , Yong Yudong , Liu Yang , Xiao Longfei , Zheng Chengyan , Li Wenyang
Published: December 2024

Increasing nitrogen fertilizer will increase wheat grain yield and grain quality at the same time, but the goal of high quality and stable yield in weak-gluten wheat production is to reduce grain protein content and increase grain yield. Our research goal is to reduce nitrogen input while increasing planting density to maintain high quality and stable yield. Field studies were conducted during two successive seasons using a widely planted cultivar, Yangmai 15. We studied the effects of reduced nitrogen topdressing and increased planting density on yield, quality and nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The field experiment was conducted with four nitrogen (N) levels for topdressing at jointing stage: 37.8 (N1), 43.2 (N2), 48.6 (N3) and 54 kg N ha−1 (N4). Moreover, there were three planting densities: 180, 240 and 300 × 104 plants ha−1 (D1, D2 and D3, respectively). When the amount of nitrogen topdressing was reduced, the number of tillers and spikes in each growth period of wheat decreased significantly, and the yield increased first and then decreased, with the highest yield at the level of 48.6 kg N ha−1. When the planting density was increased, the number of tillers and spikes in each growth period of wheat increased significantly, the yield increased significantly, and the yield was the highest at the level of 180 × 104 plants ha−1. Under the same density level, the flag leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area index, nitrogen production efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency decreased with a decrease in the nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen topdressing amount, the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency increased with the increase in density. The relative chlorophyll content, leaf area index, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen use efficiency, grain accumulation, grain distribution ratio and grain yield of wheat were the highest under the treatment of a planting density of 300 × 104 plants ha−1 and nitrogen topdressing amount of 48.6 kg N ha−1. The combined decrease in nitrogen recovery and increase in planting density decreased protein content, sedimentation value and wet gluten content. Increasing density significantly improved dry matter accumulation in the population, partially compensating for the yield loss due to nitrogen reduction by increasing the effective number of spikes, thereby further improving grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, agronomic approaches combining low nitrogen and high planting densities may be effective in simultaneously increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency and stabilizing grain processing quality in weakly reinforced wheat.
Fungal Biodiversity of Apple Bark, Leaves, Stems, and Fruit Under Rain Shelters with Reduced Fungicide Schedule
Authors: Longa Claudia Maria Oliveira , Nicola Lidia , Pindo Massimo , Bozza Elisa , Sicher Carmela , Bondesan Daniel , Pertot Ilaria , Perazzolli Michele
Published: December 2024

The use of rain shelters is a promising agronomic practice to protect crops from rainfall, reducing the need for fungicides to control certain pathogens that take advantage of leaf wetness. However, the combined condition of absence of rain and reduced fungicide schedule can affect the fungal populations, possibly favoring biocontrol agents and/or other pathogens. In this study, the effects this practice on epiphytic and endophytic fungal communities associated with barks, leaves, flowers, and fruits of two apple cultivars (Fuji and Golden Delicious) were evaluated across two seasons. Apple plants were grown under two conditions in a commercial-like orchard: (1) covered by rain shelters with reduced fungicide schedule and (2) uncovered with standard integrated pest management (IPM) schedule. The use of rain shelters combined with reduced fungicide applications affects the overall fungal community structure and their abundance of specific taxa. Leaf epiphytes were the most impacted community, and fungal communities also differed between the two apple cultivars. The use of rain shelters helped reduce fungicide input in the orchard, but it increased the abundance of potential pathogens compared to the IPM in open field conditions, such as powdery mildew and apple scab. Understanding how the plant microbiome responds to new practices that help in reducing fungicides can help developing strategies that avoid the build-up of potentially new pathogens.
Calibration and Testing of Discrete Element Simulation Parameters for Ultrasonic Vibration-Cutter-Soil Interaction Model
Authors: Qiao Yang , Huang Shenghai , Yang Chengyi , Liu Songlin , Wang Kailun , Lu Yunpeng , Wang Jiasheng
Published: December 2024

This paper established an accurate discrete element for ultrasonic vibration-cutter-soil interaction model to study the interaction mechanism between the soil-engaging component and the soil. In order to reduce the interaction between calibration parameters and improve the calibration accuracy, it is proposed that the soil constitutive, contact parameters, and bonding parameters be calibrated by combining the soil repose angle experiment and the soil resistance experiment of ultrasonic vibration cutting. The study adopts the Hertz-Mindlin (no slip) contact model used in EDEM, to explore soil particle interactions. The central composite design is used to achieve systematic investigation. 3-factor 3-level orthogonal design experiment was employed using the coefficient of restitution, the coefficient of static friction, and the coefficient of rolling friction as key test factors and soil’s repose angle as the response index. Based on the Hertz-Mindlin with bonding contact model, Design-Expert 13.0 software was used to design the Plackett-Burman experiment, the steepest ascent, and the Box-Behnken experiment. With the maximum soil cutting resistance in ultrasonic vibration cutting experiment used as the response value, the adhesion parameters were optimized, and the optimal solution combination was obtained as: Normal Stiffness = 4.635 × 106 N/m, Shear Stiffness = 3.401 × 106 N/m, and Bonded Disk Radius = 2.57 mm. The optimal parameter combinations obtained from the calibration experiments were verified in two ways: ultrasonic vibration cutting and non-ultrasonic vibration cutting. The results showed that the errors between the simulation values and the actual values of the two comparative experiments were less than 5%, and the model calibrated for the three parameters can be used to study the drag reduction mechanism of ultrasonic vibration cutting in soil.
Bottleneck Problems and Countermeasures in Operation and Maintenance of Non-Point Source Pollution Ecological Treatment Projects in China
Authors: Jiang Yungeng , Zhang Jing , Liu Xiaoxin , Liu Han , Ma Yurui , Wang Wanhui , Lu Shaoyong
Published: December 2024

At present, non-point source pollution (NPSP) has overtaken point source as the most important source of water pollution in China. Ecological treatment projects (ETP) suitable for non-point source pollution have been widely recommended. However, China’s NPSP prevention system has not yet taken shape, the implementation and management levels are disorganized, and the long-term management and protection of NPSP-ETP remains an urgent problem. This paper focuses on the practical problems encountered in the promotion of ETP in China, and ways to solve these problems in the operation and maintenance process. First, problems encountered in the practice of NPSP-ETP in China are summarized as being caused by a lack of systematic regulation on operation and maintenance. Following this, promising countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed, including establishing an ecological treatment technology system, improving the technology selection assessment system, improving the assessment method in project operation, and establishing a systematic operation and maintenance process. Finally, a novel theory of Monitoring-Assessment-Repair (MAR) for ETP is proposed to solve the systematic bottlenecks in engineering operation and maintenance. Furthermore, the problem of clogging in infrastructure is discussed in detail, to illustrate the concrete operation of MAR theory. Overall, this study clarifies the issues in favor of a long-term mechanism of NPSP prevention in and beyond China.
Mechanisms of N2O Emission in Drip-Irrigated Saline Soils: Unraveling the Role of Soil Moisture Variation in Nitrification and Denitrification
Authors: Zhang Fang , Qu Zhi , Zhao Qian , Xi Zixuan , Liu Zhen
Published: December 2024

Drip irrigation generates structural bodies in soil, forming layered structures with moisture content gradients. There are four typical soil moisture characteristic values in this concentric structure as saturation capacity (θs), field capacity (FC), 60% field capacity (60% FC), and 30% field capacity (30% FC). In this study, we simulated these four soil water characteristic values to conduct an indoor soil incubation experiment under three different incubation conditions: aerobic (O), aerobic with 10 pa acetylene (OC), and anaerobic (AO). The results indicate that in soil with saturated water content, denitrification under aerobic conditions leads to high N2O emissions; in soil at field holding capacity, nitrification under aerobic conditions dominates low N2O emissions, which is most conducive to N2O reduction and greenhouse gas emission mitigation; in soil with 60% of field holding capacity, denitrification under anaerobic conditions leads to high N2O emissions; and in soil with 30% of field holding capacity, microbial activity decreases, inhibiting nitrification, denitrification, and N2O emissions. Our research has found that when conducting aerobic drip irrigation in soil at field capacity (FC), denitrification was reduced by 99%, nitrification was increased by 70%, and microbial activity was enhanced by 5%. Therefore, during drip irrigation, the position and flow rate of the dripper should be controlled to reduce soil water saturation areas, maintain soil aeration, control soil moisture content below field holding capacity, promote the nitrification process, reduce N2O emissions, and improve soil nitrogen use efficiency. Our study elucidates the characteristics of nitrogen transformation and N2O emissions across various soil moisture contents within the soil water structure under drip irrigation conditions, providing a scientific basis for the formulation of precise irrigation management practices and strategies for efficient soil nitrogen utilization.
Effects of Salt Stress During the Growth Period on the Yield and Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice
Authors: Li Ruopeng , Zhang Dan , Pan Yinlin , Liu Huimin , Tang Chanjuan , Liu Xiaolin , Mo Lin , Du Yaxi , Zhou Guoqiang , Hu Yuanyi
Published: December 2024

Hybrid rice typically surpasses conventional rice in terms of biomass, yield, and stress resistance, whereas developing and utilizing saline–alkali-tolerant hybrid rice is crucial to obtain crop harvests from salt-affected soils. In the present study, conventional rice varieties (paternal parents), i.e., Hua-Zhan and 9311, and four hybrid varieties, i.e., Xiang-Liang-You-Hua-Zhan, Jing-Liang-You-Hua-Zhan, Guang-8-You-Hua-Zhan, and Y-Liang-You-1-Hao, denoted as V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6, respectively, received an application of two salt levels, i.e., 0% and 0.3% saltwater irrigation, during 2022–2023. The results reveal that the V1 (parental parent) had the highest salt tolerance index, which was significantly greater than that of its hybrid rice varieties, i.e., V3, V4, and V5. Moreover, the salt tolerance index of V2 (paternal parent) was also greater than that of its hybrid rice (V6). The lower salt tolerance index of the hybrid varieties might be owing to the lower relative loss number of effective panicles, total number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight. Moreover, our study revealed that the appearance of different rice varieties was enhanced at a salt concentration of 0.3%. Among all the rice cultivars, the largest reductions in chalkiness and chalky grain rate were observed in hybrid rice V3, i.e., 81.13% and 63.49%, as well as V6, i.e., 84.03% and 87.53%, respectively. The protein and sodium contents and sodium-potassium ratio of all the rice cultivars increased significantly under salt stress; however, no significant effect on cooking or sensory quality were noticed in all rice varieties under saline conditions. Overall, salt stress negatively affected the grain yield and quality, but hybrid rice is more salt-tolerant than conventional rice, harnessing heterosis to improve the yield of saline-tolerant rice.
Drug Target Investigation of N-p-Coumaroyl-N’-Caffeoylputrescine, a Naturally-Occurring Alkaloid Derived from Saxifraga tangutica
Authors: Liu Chuang , Dang Jun , Wu Minchen
Published: December 2024

The exploration of drug targets has always been a priority in new drug research, and this work is even more essential for natural active compounds. Saxifraga tangutica is a traditional Tibetan medicine with excellent antioxidant properties. In this study, an alkaloid, N-p-coumaroyl-N’-caffeoylputrescine (PCC), was first isolated from the plant, Saxifraga tangutica, with a DPPH scavenging rate of 0.936 μg/mL. To further identify its target, the drug affinity responsive target stability technique and multiple public databases were integrated to retrieve a total of 317 common targets from comprehensive screening. A further bioinformatics analysis not only identified 13 hub targets but also indicated PCC as having biological activities against cancer and affecting metabolic diseases. Integrating reverse virtual docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and cellular thermal shift assays ultimately focused on HSP90AA1 as the target of PCC. An in vitro study on liver (HepG2) cells and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells revealed that PCC modulates HSP90AA1, subsequently affecting Mut-p53 expression, triggering a cascade effect that reduced adriamycin-induced drug resistance in cells. Furthermore, a prediction of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity was also applied to evaluate the drug-like properties of PCC. Overall, the integrated strategy used in this study successfully identified the target of PCC, providing a valuable paradigm for future research on the action targets of natural products.
BIM-Based Model Checking: A Scientometric Analysis and Critical Review
Authors: Li Sihao , Jiang Ziyang , Xu Zhao
Published: December 2024

Building information modeling (BIM) has been widely applied throughout the entire lifecycle of projects in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. The errors in BIM models can lead to significant losses in engineering projects, thus leading to BIM-based model checking (BMC) technology garnering an increasing amount of attention. Despite numerous documents detailing the BMC process, there is a lack of systematic analysis and visualization of existing research. This study employs a combined approach of scientometric analysis and a critical review to survey articles on BMC published from 2008 to 2024 in the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases. The scientific analysis objectively presents the status and evolution of this research field through quantitative data, including publications, authors, and references. Furthermore, the critical review is employed to analyze the content of the articles, summarizing the topics and challenges of current research. Finally, potential promising directions for future development are proposed.