bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Product and Promotion on Consumption Patterns with Mediation Effect of Healthy Lifestyle
Authors: Djermani Farouk , Sulaiman Yaty , Shahril Ismail Mohd Yusri
Published: May 2021

The consumption of unhealthy food has been linked to the risk of many diseases such as non-communicable diseases and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of product, promotion on the consumption patterns of healthy food and healthy lifestyle as well as to examine the mediating effects of healthy lifestyle between the specified linkages. Research design used a quantitative approach where the questionnaire was formulated for primary data collection. The variables were measured using 23 items sourced from past studies. All the items were assessed using the five-point Likert Scale. 500 questionnaires were distributed to academicians from four Universities (UUM, UniMap, UPSI, USM) by using the random sampling technique. 357 responses were returned, representing a 71.4% response rate. The analysis method used the partial least square (PLS 3) regression and descriptive methods. The findings indicate that consumer healthy lifestyle, promotion are significant predictors of consumption patterns. Meanwhile product shows no significant relationship with consumption patterns. The results of the mediation effects of a healthy lifestyle show that healthy lifestyle is a significant mediator between product, and promotion with consumption patterns. As Malaysian consumers exhibit serious concern towards healthy food consumption patterns, it is recommended that the managers focus their strategies on promotion, and product more significance on healthy lifestyle in their healthy food consumption patterns. The study discusses the implications to various stakeholders, its limitation, and recommendations for future studies.
Features Of Intensive Therapy For Preeclampsia And Eclampsia
Authors:   Student, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Akbarov Asliddin Tokhir Ugli , Nazarov Feruz Yusufovich ,   Scientific Supervision, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Xusseinova Munira Alisherovna ,   Assistant, Departament Of Internal Medicine Proedevics, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Preeclampsia and eclampsia have always been life-threatening for both mother and fetus. Predisposing factors are hypertension in pregnant women, kidney disease, as well as multiple pregnancies, a history of eclampsia and a family history, age or old age. The cause of convulsions is varying degrees of brain, tumor severity due to increased intracranial pressure or localized vascular spasms leading to cerebral hypoxia of ischemic anoxic genesis.
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical-Imaging Features And Priorities For The Prevention Of Esophageal Cancer In The Fergana Valley Of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Assistant, Department Of Oncology And Medical Radiology, Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Zulunov Azizbek , Mamarasulova Dilfuzahon ,   MD, Associate Professor, Head Of The Department Of Oncology And Medical Radiology, Andijan State Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Mamasaliev Nematjon ,   Ph.D. Docent, Head Of The Department Of Advanced Training And Retraining Of Doctors, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Cancer of the digestive system is the most common cause of death among malignant neoplasms (Table 1). According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for 2008, the incidence of cancer of the digestive system was 49.2 people per 100 thousand people per year, the mortality rate was 34.3 people per 100 thousand. At a relatively low incidence rate, esophageal cancer is the seventh most common cause of death from malignant tumors, giving way to lung, breast, stomach, liver, prostate, and colon cancers. This is due to the extremely malignant nature of the course, early metastasis, and late diagnosis of esophageal cancer. The aggressiveness index, calculated as the ratio of deaths to new cases, is extremely high in esophageal cancer and is about 95%. The absolute number of deaths from esophageal cancer in 2008 in the world was 406 thousand people. In developing countries, morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer are significantly higher than in developed countries (Table 2). The most common two histological types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Despite the similarity of the clinical picture, diagnostic and therapeutic tactics, an extremely unfavorable prognosis for both forms of esophageal cancer, these malignant neoplasms have different risk factors, socio-geographic and ethnic characteristics, knowledge of which is necessary for the timely establishment of the diagnosis and preventive measures. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (Fig. 1) is an extremely aggressive epithelial malignant tumor of stratified squamous epithelium, in most cases localized between the middle and lower third of the esophagus, the tumor is rare in the cervical esophagus
Allergy In Children With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors:   Assistant At The Department Of Pediatric Propaedeutics, Pediatrics And Higher Nursing, Urgench Branch Of TTA, Uzbekistan, T.A. Klicheva , Z.A. Ismailova ,   Assistant At The Department Of Pediatric Propaedeutics, Pediatrics And Higher Nursing, Urgench Branch Of TTA, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

Taking into account the fact that these products are daily foods, in most cases it is not possible to establish a clear connection of exacerbations with their intake (according to the anamnesis). That is why in each case food allergy was confirmed by elimination and provocation tests. 65% of the examined children were found to have food allergy, and depending on the clinical manifestations the allergy was registered with different frequency. The results of studies by many authors suggest that children with atopic dermatitis have a hereditary burden with respect to allergic diseases.
The Cultural, Educational And Medical Situation In The Labor Settlements Established In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Senior Teacher At The Department “The History Of Uzbekistan” Of Andizhan State University, Andizhan Region, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Khudoyorov Noyibjon Maripjonovich
Published: May 2021

The article reveals the issues of cultural, educational and medical situation in the labor settlements established in Uzbekistan, the living conditions of labor migrants with the help of archival sources and scientific literatures as well.
Self-Development Of Subjects Of Pedagogical Interaction As An Essential Characteristic Of Pedagogical Innovations
Authors:   Doctor Of Philosophy In Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Khakimov Jamshid Oktyamovich , Daminov Oybek Olimovich ,   Doctor Of Philosophy In Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Omonova Mukhlisa Dostnazar Qizi ,   Master, Tashkent State Technical University Named After Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Published: May 2021

The work reveals the conditions and mechanisms that determine the pedagogical essence of innovations that contribute to the personal and professional self-development of teachers and students as a fundamental human ability to become and be a subject of transforming oneself. Pedagogical innovations are considered as a type of professional activity associated with the subject-subject interaction of the participants in the educational process. Reliance on personal meanings and reflection serve as tools for innovative development.
Synthesis of functionalized imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]triazines by condensation of imidazo[4,5-e]triazinethiones with DMAD or DEAD and rearrangement to imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]triazines
Authors: Izmest’ev Alexei N , Vinogradov Dmitry B , Kolotyrkina Natalya G , Kravchenko Angelina N , Gazieva Galina A
Published: May 2021

Two series of functionalized imidazothiazolotriazine derivatives were synthesized via the condensation of imidazo[4,5-e]-1,2,4-triazine-3-thiones with acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl and diethyl esters (DMAD and DEAD) and subsequent base-catalyzed rearrangement of the obtained imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazines into regioisomeric imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c]-1,2,4-triazine derivatives.
Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method
Authors: DiGrande Laura , Pedrazzani Sue , Kinyara Elizabeth , Hymes Melanie , Karns Shawn , Rhodes Donna , Moshfegh Alanna
Published: May 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
Mediation: european experience, ukrainian realities and prospects
Authors: Hermakivska Iryna
Published: May 2021

Тhe lack of consolidation and legislative regulation of mediation in the system of Ukrainian legislation is the reason for the narrowing of the spectrum of alternative ways of resolving disputes in comparison with the EU Member States. Taking into account the pro-European policy of Ukraine and relying on current legal realities, we aim to formulate the concept of introducing mediation into the legal system of Ukraine on the basis of research and use of European experience in this field as a basis. The article outlines the basic principles of mediation recognized by European countries and proposes the best ways to solve the problem of the lack of legislative consolidation of mediation as a subject of corporate law.
Use of international criminal groups by the internet and social networks in illegal activities
Authors:   Osad'ko Alice, Dovhal Yuriy
Published: May 2021

The article explores: criminological characteristics of crimes related to the use of social networks. The basic motive that drives a person to spend a considerable amount of time on the Internet is based on the physical and psychological dependence that develops as a result of getting used to certain external factors. The specificity of types of crimes in social networks was analyzed, and a number of current issues related to the creation of a state mechanism for counteracting the destructive use of social networks by criminal elements were analyzed. In a practical aspect, the potential possibilities of using this type of information networks for the detection and detection of crimes are considered. The article is devoted to the research of problems of using social Internet - networks for prevention of crime by carrying out monitoring of criminologically relevant information and its analysis. It also concluded that the use of social internet networks to enhance the legal culture of society. The threatening tendency of spreading crime on the Internet networks is considered an urgent problem, which necessitates the speedy response to the growth of information technologies in the criminal world, with the development of social networks there is a need to create an appropriate legal framework that would regulate exactly such forms of information exchanges, which in our country does not yet exist. Due to the growing popularity of social networks in society, it is necessary to organize the presence of state bodies, scientific institutions, public organizations in this field of communication. This presence must balance virtually uncontrolled information criminal processes in social networks, as well as the available information arrays with high-quality, reliable, socially significant information. The development of the sphere of social networks necessitates the growing need for the creation of state information structures for the production of information, which would contribute to the formation of reliable perceptions of all users of social communications, including network ones, about the actual problems of social development and the true state of crime in our country.
Key words: Internet, social Internet, crime, prevention, criminological information, social network, cybercrime, information space, network communications.
Pneumatocele in COVID-19 Infection: A Harbor of Future Complications
Authors: Zahid A , Yaseen M , Rashid N
Published: May 2021

The year 2020 has been marked by the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS CO-V-2) disease (COVID-19). The virus has infected millions of people around the world. Lung is the most commonly affected organ of body. Various radio-logical manifestation of disease on lungs reported so far include ground glass, consolidations. Cysts or pneumatocele have rarely been reported. We here present a case of patient who presented to us with a spontaneous pneumothorax and during surgery was found to have pneumatocele. The aim of the case here is to highlight the variety of ways COVID-19 can affect the lungs.
Terminus: A Versatile Simulator for Space-based Telescopes
Authors: Edwards Billy , Stotesbury Ian
Published: May 2021

Space-based telescopes offer unparalleled opportunities for characterizing exoplanets, solar system bodies, and stellar objects. However, observatories in low-Earth orbits (e.g., Hubble, CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite, Twinkle, and an ever-increasing number of cubesats) cannot always be continuously pointed at a target due to Earth obscuration. For exoplanet observations consisting of transit, or eclipse, spectroscopy, this causes gaps in the light curve, which reduces the information content and can diminish the science return of the observation. Terminus, a time-domain simulator, has been developed to model the occurrence of these gaps to predict the potential impact on future observations. The simulator is capable of radiometrically modeling exoplanet observations as well as producing light curves and spectra. Here, Terminus is baselined on the Twinkle mission, but the model can be adapted for any space-based telescope and is especially applicable to those in a low-Earth orbit. Terminus also has the capability to model observations of other targets such as asteroids or brown dwarfs.
Composition and diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) along an atmospheric pollution gradient in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico
Authors: Meléndez-Jaramillo Edmar , Cantú-Ayala César Martín , Treviño-Garza Eduardo Javier , Sánchez-Reyes Uriel Jeshua , Herrera-Fernández Bernal
Published: May 2021

This study compares the variation of richness, abundance and diversity of butterfly species along an atmospheric pollution gradient and during different seasons in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico. Likewise, we analyse the influence of environmental variables on the abundance and richness of butterfly species and quantify the indicator species for each atmospheric pollution category. Based on spatial analysis of the main atmospheric pollutants and the vegetation cover conditions, four permanent sampling sites were delimited. The sampling was carried out monthly in each of the sites using aerial entomological nets and ten Van Someren-Rydon traps during May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 8,570 specimens belonging to six families and 209 species were collected. Both species richness and abundance were significantly different between all sites, except for the comparison between the moderate contamination site and the high contamination site; diversity decreased significantly with increasing levels of contamination. The seasonality effect was absent on species richness; however, for species abundance the differences between dry season and rainy season were significant in each site excepting the moderate contamination site. Regarding diversity, the seasonal effect showed different distribution patterns according to each order. Relative humidity, vegetation cover and three pollution variables were highly correlated with both abundance and species richness. From the total number of species found, only 47 had a significant indicator value. This study constitutes the first faunistic contribution of butterflies as indicators of the environmental quality of urban areas in Mexico, which will help in the development of strategies for the management, planning and conservation of urban biodiversity.
Diagnosis, Early Care, and Treatment of Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Godzieba Anna , Smektała Tomasz , Dowgierd Krzysztof , Sporniak-Tutak Katarzyna , Kowalski Jan
Published: May 2021

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of craniofacial abnormalities. A review of the available literature reveals that only approximately 200 cases of the disease have been reported worldwide. For this article, we performed a literature review as a basis for a proposed scheme for early care and treatment. A comprehensive database search was carried out with the use of Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, and ScienceDirect/Scopus. Of the 551 studies initially found, an evaluation using inclusion and exclusion criteria ultimately resulted in a total of 33 articles. Most of the articles are case reports, and only approximately 20% of these articles include treatment options. We propose an early care and treatment schedule based on the presented symptoms.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(5):e227–e231.]
Contact Dermatitis in Children
Authors: Seth Divya , Poowuttikul Pavadee , Kamat Deepak , Pansare Milind
Published: May 2021

Contact dermatitis (CD) is commonly encountered in the pediatric population. Allergic and irritant are the two forms of CD and both cause significant clinical problems in children, but they are often underrecognized. The skin lesions in CD may be polymorphic and closely mimic other common pediatric skin diseases. The diagnosis usually requires patch testing after obtaining a detailed history and performing a physical examination. Metals, fragrances, and certain preservatives are the most common causative agents in children. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of this common skin condition in the pediatric population.[Pediatr Ann. 2021(5):e198–e205.]
Treatment for Severe Asthma in Children: What About Biologics?
Authors: Pansare Milind , Seth Divya , Kamat Deepak , Poowuttikul Pavadee
Published: May 2021

Asthma is the most common pulmonary disease in children age 5 to 17 years. Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. A small proportion of patients (approximately 5% to 10%) diagnosed with severe asthma are unable to achieve asthma control even with intensive therapy. Severe asthma in children is characterized by poor asthma control, uncontrolled symptoms, poor quality of life, disrupted school-related activities and increased risk of exacerbations, health care use, and morbidities due to asthma. Several new biologic agents targeting the mediators of asthma inflammation that are now approved are likely to improve asthma outcomes in children with severe asthma. This article outlines the various biologic agents currently approved for use in children.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(5):e206–e213.]
Immune Responses in Patients with COVID-19: An Overview
Authors: Kamat Deepak , Kamat Aarti , Mathur Ambika
Published: May 2021

Since late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in more than 143 million confirmed infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide (as of publication time). In this article, we discuss current knowledge of immune responses that confer protection to more than 80% of the people who have been infected and possible mechanisms by which the virus escapes immune surveillance in people who develop severe disease and those who die from the disease. We also discuss the differences in the immune responses by which, in most children, the infection results in only mild disease, although causing severe disease in some adults. Understanding these differences in both the innate and adaptive immune responses among these people can lead to the development of biotherapeutic treatment modalities that could modulate immune responses to offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 and block the ability of the virus to cause severe disease or death in humans.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(5):e222–e226.]
Experiencias de formación y producción cultural en cárceles de Argentina: una reflexión sobre el Programa de Extensión en Cárceles.
Authors: Bustelo Cynthia Ethel
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo presenta, describe y analiza la experiencia de formación y producción cultural  llevada a cabo desde el Programa de Extensión en Cárceles (PEC), dependiente de la Secretaría de Extensión Universitaria y Bienestar Estudiantil (SEUBE) de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (FFyL) de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Las estrategias y acciones llevadas adelante por el programa, están orientadas a construir herramientas y oportunidades para la inclusión social de las personas privadas de libertad y liberadas, y promover la defensa de los derechos humanos. Propongo poner a disposición las líneas de acción y reflexión que llevamos a cabo, recuperar los procesos de elaboración y puesta en marcha de las propuestas y las fundamentaciones pedagógicas, epistemológicas, políticas que sustentan nuestra tarea. El trabajo tiene por desafío explorar las posibilidades y límites  para construir un corpus pedagógico y sensible, desde mi propia voz de docente, coordinadora e investigadora.
Neonatal biometry and characterization of Amazonian Turtle nests (Podocnemis expansa)
Authors: Navarro Rodrigo Diana , Alves Ana Carolina Tavora Lima
Published: May 2021

The present study aimed to study the reproduction of the Amazon turtle (Podocnemis expansa) through the evaluation of the reproductive parameters of adult females. This study was carried out in the Crixás-Açu River, municipality of Mundo Novo, state of Goiás, Brazil. In September, the biometrics of 20 females were evaluated during the spawning period. Their nests were marked for subsequent evaluation of hatchlings, measuring the distances of each nest to the river and vegetation. The second stage consisted of the evaluation of hatchlings and characterization of nests after egg hatching. The data were tested using the Pearson Correlation to measure the degree of linear correlation between the variables analyzed, such as the parameters of females, hatchlings, nests, and eggs. Nest depth was positively correlated with the number of eggshells found. We also found a correlation between the number of eggsshells and the distance of nests to the vegetation. Although moderate, this result indicates that as the distance to the vegetation increases, the number of eggshells found in nests decreases. The spawning site for Amazon turtle breeding is crucial to determine a higher number of eggs hatching and better development of hatchlings. However, the literature is still very scarce regarding the choice of spawning grounds and the influence that vegetation may have on the development of freshwater turtle hatchlings in Brazil.
Narrativas sobre uma formação docente com/para as tecnologias: implicações nas práticas dos professores
Authors: Arguelho Miriam Brum , Paniago Maria Cristina Lima
Published: May 2021

O artigo é recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado e tem como objetivo evidenciar algumas implicações de uma formação continuada intitulada ‘Programando e Aprendendo com o Scratch’ nas práticas dos professores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo Pesquisa-formação, na qual analisamos narrativas produzidas por 11 professores gerenciadores de tecnologias educacionais e recursos midiáticos (Progetec’s), ligados ao Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional, da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A partir das dinâmicas propostas, os professores/Progetec’s foram provocados a refletir e narrar sobre a formação e seus desdobramentos em suas práticas. Para realizar o estudo das narrativas, produzimos uma nuvem de palavras utilizando a interface de análises qualitativas Iramuteq, a qual destacou dois papéis recorrentes no contexto de formação: o do professor e o do aluno, não como dicotômicos, hierarquizados, mas sob uma perspectiva de colaboração, de parceria e de soma, ora se misturando, ora se complementando, ora se confundindo. Os professores/Progetec’s se reconhecem em movimento no processo inventivo de ensinar e aprender, com estratégias ambíguas e por isso positivas de rupturas e continuidades. Também apontam que os alunos passam a ter mais protagonismo e espaço de voz e participação no contexto das práticas com tecnologias. As considerações nos permitiram visualizar fissuras e avanços na prática dos professores no exercício de aprender e ensinar com as tecnologias, especificamente com a linguagem de programação Scratch.
Contar várias histórias ao mesmo tempo: para uma teoria do livro-álbum com narrativas paralelas
Authors: Ramos Ana Margarida , Navas Diana
Published: May 2021

Partindo da análise de um formato específico de livro-álbum, aquele que inclui duas ou mais narrativas partilhando o mesmo espaço físico, este estudo procura identificar as diferentes estratégias criativas usadas pelos autores para aumentarem as potencialidades narrativas do livro tradicional, desafiando os seus limites materiais. Com óbvias repercussões ao nível metaficcional pela forma como chamam a atenção do leitor para o modo como estão construídos e para a sua dimensão material, estes livros-álbum revelam-se ainda desafiadores das próprias competências de leitura, exigindo manipulações específicas, releituras e o estabelecimento constante de relações entre as várias histórias que neles são contadas.
Laurentian Great Lakes integrated hydrologic model data package
Authors: Xu S , Frey S K , Erler A R , Khader O , Berg S
J , Hwang H T , Callaghan M
V , Sudicky E A
Published: May 2021

Modelling groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions at scales of large river basins is a difficult challenge. Xu et al (2021) have completed such a modelling exercise for the 766,000 km2 Laurentian Great Lakes basin using a HydroGeoSphere (HGS)
fully-integrated surface watergroundwater model accounting for hydrologic seasonality under monthly normal climatology. Many datasets are developed on a national basis, and development of the underlying HGS model data required synthesis of both Canadian and United States data sets. Most of the
datasets are in the public domain; however; considerable effort is required to standardize the respective data. The objective of this Open File data release is to make the underlying data layers and the finite element mesh available for use by anyone interested. The data release consists of 16
folders of data layers, and attribute information for aspects of the HGS modelling platform inputs. Not all layers may be necessary to run the model in alternative groundwater modelling software. Details on the model results are available in Xu et al (2021).
Digital clinical trial
Authors: Thakur Sayanta , Lahiry Sandeep
Published: May 2021

The advent of digital technologies has been well blended with every aspect of human lives. Despite not being a new concept, the adoption of digital health technologies in clinical research, i.e., digital clinical trial has not been utilized extensively. However, with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemics, such transformation in clinical trial seems imminent. Few components of a trial such as consent, remote site monitoring, recruitment process which can be modified through digital technologies, are further specified by the regulatory authorities such as FDA and EMA. However, such novel method cannot be implemented without facing any limitations. All stakeholders pertinent to virtual clinical trial including the provider of digital technologies should align themselves with the patient-centric approach to propagate this concept. It is expected that such a transition is well accomplished and adopted by the sponsors without any compromise in scientific as well as ethical standard.
Characterizations of Morrey type spaces
Authors: Sun Fangmei , Wulan Hasi
Published: May 2021

For a nondecreasing function
$K: [0, \infty)\rightarrow [0, \infty)$
and
$0<s<\infty $
, we introduce a Morrey type space of functions analytic in the unit disk
$\mathbb {D}$
, denoted by
$\mathcal {D}^s_K$
. Some characterizations of
$\mathcal {D}^s_K$
are obtained in terms of K-Carleson measures. A relationship between two spaces
$\mathcal {D}^{s_1}_K$
and
$\mathcal {D}^{s_2}_K$
is given by fractional order derivatives. As an extension of some known results, for a positive Borel measure
$\mu $
on
$\mathbb {D}$
, we find sufficient or necessary condition for the embedding map
$I: \mathcal {D}^{s}_{K}\mapsto \mathcal {T}^s_{K}(\mu)$
to be bounded.
Quantification of carbon dioxide released from effervescent granules as a predictor of formulation quality using modified Chittick apparatus
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Sedhain Kabindra , Hussain Amjad , Abbas Nasir , Mudassir Jahanzeb , Mehmood Faisal , Irfan Muhammad , Latif Sumera
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To develop a method for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) released from effervescent formulations.

Methods: Effervescent granules were prepared using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid by fusion and solvent-assisted granulation methods. The amount of CO2 released was determined from the maximum pressure of gas release, time profile of pressure gradient using modified Chittick apparatus and gravimetric changes following effervescence.

Results: The amount of CO2 released from effervescent granules prepared by fusion method was 8.125, 8.763 and 7.98 mM/g measured by ideal gas equation, pressure gradient and gravimetric method, respectively. The formulation prepared by solvent-assisted granulation showed 5.525, 5.475 5.36 mM/g of carbon dioxide measured by the above three methods, respectively. The effervescent granules prepared by fusion method showed approximately 2 % loss in effervescence. However, approximately 39 % loss in effervescence was observed for the formulation prepared by solventassisted granulation. The commercial products showed a loss in effervescence in the range of 5 - 15%.

Conclusion: Modified Chittick’s apparatus is a useful analytical tool for monitoring of the CO2 from effervescent granules as a function of method of preparation.
Cavidine protects against asthma in neonatal asthmatic mice model by attenuating PI3Ks/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Hao Qin , Shen Juan , Zhao Lin
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of cavidine against asthma in neonatal mice.

Methods: Neonatal mice were treated with cavidine at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, po, 2 h prior to asthma induction with ovalbumin (OVA) on the 1st and 14th days of the treatment protocol. The anti-asthma activity of cavidine was evaluated by determining the number of inflammatory cells and cytokine levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and OVA-specific IgE and TGF-β 1 in the serum of OVAsensitized mice. The levels of NF-ƙB and PI3K protein expression were determined in the lung tissues of OVA-sensitized mice.

Results: Cavidine attenuated the number of inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALF of OVAsensitized mice. The levels of OVA-specific IgE and TGF-β 1 decreased significantly in cavidine-treated groups, when compared to asthmatic group of mice, while NF-ƙB was significantly downregulated (p < 0.01). The altered expression of PI3K signaling protein was attenuated in the lung tissues of cavidinetreated mice sensitized with OVA.

Conclusion: These results reveal that the anti-asthma effect of cavidine in OVA-induced asthmatic neonatal mice occurs via reduction of inflammation and immune responsive cells linked to PI3Ks/ NF-κB signaling pathway in lung tissues. These findings suggest that cavidine may be clinically suitable for the management of asthma.
Astragaloside IV exerts anti-inflammatory role in endometriosis by downregulating TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Yongping , Huang Ouping , Zhang Wei , Liu Luxin , Xu Caiwei
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV administration on the inflammatory response in endometriosis and the underlying mechanism of action.

Methods: Mice were divided into two groups: endometriosis (EMs) mice and control mice (n = 12). EMs induction in mice was achieved by transplantation of mouse uterine tissue. The same procedure was performed in control mice except that a separate suture was inserted instead of endometrial tissue. After 5 weeks, EMs mice were treated with or without astragaloside IV (AIV). The tissue lesions in EMs and control mice were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 signaling was evaluated by western blot, while expression of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Astragaloside IV repressed the inflammation of murine Ems lesions, and also dampened the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling in vivo and vitro (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, Ccl-2, and TNF-α) decreased following AIV treatment in vivo.

Conclusion: The results indicate that TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways are closely related to the inhibition of Ems inflammation by astragaloside IV. Thus, astragaloside IV may be a novel drug for the prevention and treatment of endometrioses.
Alantolactone exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on BGC823 and SGC7901 cells via activation of p38MAPK and inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Ningsheng Xie , Junfeng Xie , Jianhua Tang , Youshun Liu , Yingfeng Wei , Qiuping Gu , Qingtian Luo , Fangqin Zhu Fangqin
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptotic influences of alantolactone on gastric carcinoma (GC) cell lines, and the mechanism(s) involved.

Methods: Human gastric cancer cell line (BGC823) and gastric adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis cell line (SGC7901) were maintained in Ham’s F12 medium supplemented with 10 % heatinactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). In each group of cancer cell line, 5 groups of cells were used: control and four alantolactone groups which were treated with increasing concentrations of alantolactone (5 - 30 μM) for varying periods. Proliferation was determined using MTT assay, while realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to assay the expressions of apoptosis- and metastasis-related genes. The expressions of p38MAPK and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) in BGC823 and SGC7901 cells were measured with Western blotting.

Results: Phosphorylated protein (p-p38 protein) expression was significantly higher in both groups of GC cells, relative to control (p < 0.05). The expressions of NF-κB in plasma protein were markedly higher in both groups of GC cells than in control group, but the corresponding expressions in nuclear protein were significantly lower in both groups of GC cells, relative to control (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Alantolactone exerts anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on BGC823 and SGC7901 cells via mechanisms involving activation of the p38MAPK, and inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, alantolactone may be a new and effective anti-gastric cancer drug.
Review Article: Medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicological properties of Elaeodendron croceum
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: May 2021

Elaeodendron croceum is a shrub or a small tree used as an emetic, purgative and herbal medicine for cough, sore throat, fever, tuberculosis, blood in sputum, chest congestion, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) opportunistic infections and to clean the digestive tract. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, cardiac glucoside, flavonoids, phenols, proanthocyanidins, saponins, sugars, tannins and triterpenoids. Pharmacological studies revealed that E. croceum extracts and compounds have antimycobacterial, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and cytotoxicity activities. Future studies should focus on ethnopharmacological safety and efficacy of E. croceum extracts and compounds isolated from the species using in vivo preclinical studies and clinical trials.
Effect of Yugan Sanjie decoction on expressions of regulatory T cells, serum P21 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tan Song , Hou Aihua , Liu Wei , Wang Jinguo , Huang Xiaoming , Mu Yuejun
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Yugan Sanjie decoction on the expressions of regulatory T cells (Tregs), serum P21 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: A total of forty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) Kunming mice were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 mice each. Except for normal control group, the other three groups were transfected with hepatoma-22 (H22) cells to establish a mouse model of liver cancer. Mice in the cyclophosphamide group was given cyclophosphamide at a dose of 20 mg/kg daily intragastrically, while those in decoction group were treated with Yugan Sanjie decoction (0.4 ml/kg/day) intraperitoneally. After 30 days of treatment, serum levels of CD4+ Th17, CD4+CD25+ Treg, Th17/Treg, TNF-α, and VEGF were determined.

Results: There was lower serum level of CD4+ Th17 in the decoction group than in negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p < 0.05). However, higher serum levels of CD4+CD25+ Treg and Th17/Treg were seen in the decoction group, relative to the negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-α was also markedly elevated in decoction group, when compared with negative control and cyclophosphamide groups (p < 0.05). Serum VEGF was markedly lower in decoction group than in negative control and cyclophosphamide groups, and was appreciably lower in cyclophosphamide group than in negative control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Yugan Sanjie decoction effectively alleviates clinical symptoms of LC, and improves immune function of mice by regulating serum levels of T lymphocytes. These findings provide scientific support for a new treatment strategy.
Hh pathway expression in the blood, synovial cells and chondrocytes of different rheumatoid arthritis models
Authors: Wu Yingyi , Yang Guangxia , Fei Jing , Huang Yang
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, and activator purmorphamine on articular cartilage cell proliferation.

Methods: Rats were subjected to AA and CIA models. Secondary paw swelling was measured at 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 days. The rats were sacrificed on day 30. Tissues from the cartilage and knee joints were collected. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while cell apoptosis was determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay. Protein expression levels of Shh, Ptch1 and Gli1 were determined by Western blotting.

Results: Compared with the control group, arthritis index and secondary foot swelling of the adjuvant arthritis (AA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) groups deteriorated significantly (p < 0.05). MTT data revealed that cyclopamine promoted articular cartilage cell proliferation of the AA and CIA groups. The cell proliferation rates of AA and CIA groups were significantly higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the cell apoptosis rates of AA and CIA groups were significantly lower than that of control group (p < 0.05). Compared with control, cyclopamine decreased the protein expression levels of sonic Hh, patched homologue 1 and glioma-associated oncogene homologue, but the effect of purmorphamine was the reverse.

Conclusion: Hh pathway inhibitor (cyclopamine) and activator (purmorphamine) affect the expression of Hh pathway. Disruption of the Hh pathway may be of potential therapeutic significance in protecting articular cartilage from rheumatoid arthritis.
Editorial (Vol 19, Trimestre 1, 2016)
Authors: Gómez Gómez Alicia , Ruiz Álvarez Mª Paz , Baena Ruiz Laura , Martínez Terceño Mª Ángeles
Published: May 2021

Es un orgullo para la nueva Junta el ponernos otra vez en contacto con todos vosotros a través de esta pagina de la revista. Queremos expresar nuestro mas grato reconocimiento a todas aquellas personas que se han preocupado y se siguen ocupando de su edición, actualizando nuestros conocimientos y suscitando el interés científico de todos nosotros. Nos ilusiona mirar al futuro con una actitud de renovación y progreso, utilizando todas las alternativas en comunicación de que disponemos (revista, redes sociales, correo, pagina web) para haceros llegar publicaciones y artículos de interés, información sobre congresos o reuniones científicas y toda la agenda formativa que vayamos elaborando. Os animamos desde aquí a que participéis activamente con vuestras ideas y que entre todos podamos contribuir al crecimiento de esta asociación.
Relación entre la ingesta de sal y la presión arterial en pacientes hipertensos
Authors: Navas Santos Lucía , Nolasco Monterroso Cristina , Carmona  Moriel Cristina Elena , López Zamorano Mª Dolores , Santamaría Olmo Rafael , Crespo Montero Rodolfo
Published: May 2021

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial resistente o refractaria al tratamiento supone un serio problema de salud pública y aunque, no están claros los mecanismos por los que se produce esta resistencia, se sospecha que el consumo de sodio puede jugar un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la misma.
Objetivo: Determinar si los pacientes con hipertensión resistente toman sodio oculto en los alimentos ingeridos en su dieta; así como relacionar este consumo con sus hábitos dietéticos.
Pacientes y Métodos: Se estudiaron 32 pacientes con una media de edad de 74,25±6,38 años, (65,6% hombres y 34,4% mujeres). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante entrevista estructurada sobre consumo de alimentos. Se estudió: edad, género, estado civil, presión arterial, responsable de la elaboración de las comidas, índice de masa corporal (IMC), consumo de sodio oculto en la dieta y percepción de los pacientes sobre su consumo de sodio.
Resultados: Se encontró una ingesta media real de 3693,56±2330,97 mg de sodio. En el 59,4% de los casos las comidas las elaboraba otra persona diferente al paciente, siendo mayor el consumo de sodio en estos pacientes (3.709,44±529,37 frente a 3.677,69±649,27 mg. Respecto a la percepción sobre la cantidad de sodio ingerida, el 9,4% decían no tomar nada, el 56,3% poco, el 21,9% lo normal y el 12,5% bastante. Los que decían no tomar nada de sodio y lo normal, el mayor aporte lo hacían durante la cena; y los que decían tomar poco sodio y bastante, era en el almuerzo. Se encontró correlación significativa entre ingesta de sodio total e IMC (r=0,411, p
Estudio comparativo del estado físico, mental y percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de los pacientes en diálisis
Authors: Barbero Narbona Eva , Tejeda Araez Elisabeth , Herrera Morales Cristina , Montserrat García Silvia , Junyent i Iglesias Ernestina , Gascó Coscojuela Nuria
Published: May 2021

Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5 tratados en diálisis presentan alteraciones cardiovasculares, musculoesqueléticas y psicosociales que afectan su capacidad física y funcional. La falta de actividad contribuye a un aumento de la mortalidad y al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es la evaluación que realiza el individuo respecto a su salud. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar y analizar la percepción de salud, la capacidad funcional, el estado nutricional y psicológico de los pacientes de hemodiálisis (HD) y diálisis peritoneal (DP).
Realizamos un estudio descriptivo que incluyó todos los pacientes que realizaban diálisis en nuestro centro. Diseñamos una base de datos y analizamos las variables mediante el estadístico SPSS 21.El tamaño total de la muestra fue de 42 pacientes (21 HD- 21 DP).
Los resultados mostraron un grupo homogéneo en la media de edad, con índice de Barthel y niveles de albúmina bajos similares, como describen otras series. Los resultados estadísticos muestran que los pacientes en HD son más sedentarios (p< 0,050), se sienten peor psicológica (p
Comparación de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario sobre capacidad física funcional y nivel de actividad física
Authors: Ortega Pérez de Villar Lucía , Antolí García Sara , Lidón Pérez Mª Jesús , Amer Cuenca Juan José , Benavent Caballer Vicent , Segura Ortí Eva
Published: May 2021

Introducción: El ejercicio durante la hemodiálisis es beneficioso, aunque son pocas las unidades de hemodiálisis que ofrecen un programa de ejercicio adaptado a estos pacientes. Por ello es necesario encontrar alternativas más económicas para realizar ejercicio. El objetivo es comparar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio intradiálisis frente a ejercicio domiciliario, sobre la adherencia al programa, la capacidad física funcional y el nivel de actividad física.
Métodos: 17 pacientes en hemodiálisis de un centro de Valencia fueron aleatorizados dividiéndoles en un grupo de ejercicio intradiálisis (n=9) y un grupo domiciliario (n=8). Ambos programas incluían ejercicio aeróbico y de fuerza durante 4 meses. Se valoró una amplia batería de pruebas funcionales (Short Physical Performance Battery, equilibrio monopodal, Timed Up and Go, Sit To Stand to sit test 10 y 60, dinamometría de mano, fuerza de tríceps, 6 minutos marcha) y dos cuestionarios de nivel de actividad física (Human Activity Profile y Physical Activity Scale for Elderly).
Resultados: 2 pacientes del grupo intradiálisis y 5 pacientes de ejercicio domiciliario finalizaron el programa y fueron analizados. Se observó un efecto significativo del factor tiempo en el caso del Human Activity Profile (P