bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Riparian Forest Fragmentation and Biological Indicators of Streams
Authors: Yirigui Yirigui , Lee Sang-Woo , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan , Herman Matthew R. , Lee Jong-Won
Published: May 2019

Anthropogenic activities, such as land use and land cover modifications in riparian areas, can alter the degree of fragmentation of riparian vegetation, lead to the degradation of stream habitats, and affect biological communities in the streams. The characteristics of the riparian forests can modify the condition of stream environments and the transporting mechanisms of materials, sediments, nutrients, and pollutants loaded from the watersheds. This study aimed to examine the relationships between forest fragmentation and three biological indicators of trophic diatom, benthic macroinvertebrate, and the fish assessment in the Nakdong River, Korea. Eighty-nine biological assessment sampling sites in the National Aquatic Ecological Monitoring Program of South Korea were identified. For each sampling site, riparian forest data within a 500 m radius were extracted from national LULC using GIS to compute fragmentation metrics using FRAGSTATS software. Four fragmentation metrics—number of forest patches, percentage of riparian forest cover (PLAND), largest riparian forest patch index (LPI), and riparian forest division index (DIVISION)—were correlated with the biological indicators. Also, due to severe spatial autocorrelation among observations, the fragmentation metrics and stream environmental variables were regressed to biological indicators using regression tree analysis. Our results indicate that the biological indicators were significantly associated with most forest fragmentation metrics. We found positive correlations of PLAND and LPI with biological indicators, whereas DIVISION was negatively correlated with biological indicators. Both correlation and regression tree analyses revealed that the biological conditions of streams were likely to be better if riparian forests are less fragmented. Particularly, stronger relationships were revealed between macroinvertebrates and fish with the fragmentation metrics of riparian forests than with benthic diatoms. However, these relationships varied with elevation, stream size, and slope conditions. The results of this study reinforced the importance of including riparian forests in the planning, restoration, and management of stream environments. These results also suggested that planners and managers may need to consider different strategies for different stream environments and topographic characteristics in managing riparian forests.
Local Surface Electric Field’s Effect on Adsorbed Proteins’ Orientation
Authors: Filali Larbi , Brahmi Yamina , Sib Jamal Dine , Bouizem Yahya , Benlakehal Djamel , Zellama Kacem , Lemée Nathalie , Bouhekka Ahmed , Kail Fatiha , Kebab Aissa , Chahed Larbi
Published: May 2019

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon, while being non-charged and non-polar, could be an ideal candidate for the non-covalent and orientation-controlled immobilization of biomolecules thanks to local electric fields around nanocrystals. To that effect, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin on substrates with different densities of nanocrystals, revealed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, was studied using infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the protein–surface interactions followed different mechanisms depending on the nanostructure at the surface: hydrophobic on the non-crystalline part of the surface and electrostatic around the crystalline part. These electrostatic interactions were driven by the electric fields that arose at the junction between crystalline and amorphous structures. These electric fields were found to be strong enough to interact with the amide dipoles, thereby reorienting the adsorbed protein molecules on this part of the surface. Nevertheless, the adsorbed proteins were found to be denatured, which was due to the surface chemistry, and not affected by the nanostructure.
A Novel Quality Defects Diagnosis Method for the Manufacturing Process of Large Equipment Based on Product Gene Theory
Authors: Xu Wenxiang , Guo Chen , Guo Shunsheng , Li Xixing
Published: May 2019

Focusing on the problems of quality information management and quality defects diagnosis in the manufacturing process of large equipment, a novel quality defects diagnosis method based on product gene theory and knowledge base was developed. First, a product gene model and a sectional encoding method for the quality control of the manufacturing process of large equipment were proposed. In that model, the processing surface was the minimum information granularity to meet the production characteristics of large equipment and to improve the flexibility of the product gene model. Then, a similarity evaluation rule and an optimization method of the weights of elements based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) were addressed to filter the available knowledge of product gene from the product gene knowledge base. Aiming at the characteristic of many-to-many between quality defects and quality influence factors in some cases, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method was developed for the further localization of diagnosis knowledge. Finally, an experiment of bearing spacer was applied to illustrate the proposed quality diagnosis approach. In the experiment, the data from the target gene and knowledge genes were described reasonably. On this basis, available knowledge genes could be accurately filtered with the proposed similarity rule and the method of filtration, where the PSO was proved to be effective. The diagnosis results of the experiment show that multiple factors lead to the defects that were verified. Therefore, the proposed quality defects diagnosis method is an effective way for quality control.
Isomorphism Theorems in the Primary Categories of Krasner Hypermodules
Authors: Shojaei Hossein , Fasino Dario
Published: May 2019

Let R be a Krasner hyperring. In this paper, we prove a factorization theorem in the category of Krasner R-hypermodules with inclusion single-valued R-homomorphisms as its morphisms. Then, we prove various isomorphism theorems for a smaller category, i.e., the category of Krasner R-hypermodules with strong single-valued R-homomorphisms as its morphisms. In addition, we show that the latter category is balanced. Finally, we prove that for every strong single-valued R-homomorphism f : A → B and a ∈ A , we have K e r ( f ) + a = a + K e r ( f ) = { x ∈ A ∣ f ( x ) = f ( a ) } .
Time-Fractional Heat Conduction in a Plane with Two External Half-Infinite Line Slits under Heat Flux Loading
Authors: Povstenko Yuriy , Kyrylych Tamara
Published: May 2019

The time-fractional heat conduction equation follows from the law of conservation of energy and the corresponding time-nonlocal extension of the Fourier law with the “long-tail” power kernel. The time-fractional heat conduction equation with the Caputo derivative is solved for an infinite plane with two external half-infinite slits with the prescribed heat flux across their surfaces. The integral transform technique is used. The solution is obtained in the form of integrals with integrand being the Mittag–Leffler function. A graphical representation of numerical results is given.
Sixteenth-Order Optimal Iterative Scheme Based on Inverse Interpolatory Rational Function for Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Salimi Mehdi , Behl Ramandeep
Published: May 2019

The principal motivation of this paper is to propose a general scheme that is applicable to every existing multi-point optimal eighth-order method/family of methods to produce a further sixteenth-order scheme. By adopting our technique, we can extend all the existing optimal eighth-order schemes whose first sub-step employs Newton’s method for sixteenth-order convergence. The developed technique has an optimal convergence order regarding classical Kung-Traub conjecture. In addition, we fully investigated the computational and theoretical properties along with a main theorem that demonstrates the convergence order and asymptotic error constant term. By using Mathematica-11 with its high-precision computability, we checked the efficiency of our methods and compared them with existing robust methods with same convergence order.
Role of Asymmetric Autocatalysis in the Elucidation of Origins of Homochirality of Organic Compounds
Authors: Soai Kenso , Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Matsumoto Arimasa
Published: May 2019

Pyrimidyl alkanol and related compounds were found to be asymmetric autocatalysts in the enantioselective addition of diisopropylzinc to pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde and related aldehydes. In the asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess (ee), the very low ee (ca. 0.00005%) of 2-alkynyl-5-pyrimidyl alkanol was significantly amplified to >99.5% ee with an increase in the amount. By using asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of ee, several origins of homochirality have been examined. Circularly polarized light, chiral quartz, and chiral crystals formed from achiral organic compounds such as glycine and carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), and hydrogen (D/H) chiral isotopomers were found to act as the origin of chirality in asymmetric autocatalysis. And the spontaneous absolute asymmetric synthesis was also realized without the intervention of any chiral factor.
Spin-Boson Model as A Simulator of Non-Markovian Multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings Models
Authors: Puebla Ricardo , Zicari Giorgio , Arrazola Iñigo , Solano Enrique , Paternostro Mauro , Casanova Jorge
Published: May 2019

The paradigmatic spin-boson model considers a spin degree of freedom interacting with an environment typically constituted by a continuum of bosonic modes. This ubiquitous model is of relevance in a number of physical systems where, in general, one has neither control over the bosonic modes, nor the ability to tune distinct interaction mechanisms. Despite this apparent lack of control, we present a suitable transformation that approximately maps the spin-boson dynamics into that of a tunable multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model undergoing dissipation. Interestingly, the latter model describes the coherent interaction between a spin and a single bosonic mode via the simultaneous exchange of n bosons per spin excitation. Resorting to the so-called reaction coordinate method, we identify a relevant collective bosonic mode in the environment, which is then used to generate multiphoton interactions following the proposed theoretical framework. Moreover, we show that spin-boson models featuring structured environments can lead to non-Markovian multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings dynamics. We discuss the validity of the proposed method depending on the parameters and analyse its performance, which is supported by numerical simulations. In this manner, the spin-boson model serves as a good analogue quantum simulator for the inspection and realization of multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings models, as well as the interplay of non-Markovian effects and, thus, as a simulator of light-matter systems with tunable interaction mechanisms.
Sustainable Urban Transport Development by Applying a Fuzzy-AHP Model: A Case Study from Mersin, Turkey
Authors: Moslem Sarbast , Duleba Szabolcs
Published: May 2019

Sustainable development decisions generally require citizen participation in the decision process to avoid public resistance and objections in the long term. Because of the involvement of non-experts, the uncertainty of the decision is increased, and this must be considered in the decision-making process. This paper aims to introduce a sustainable urban transport development problem in which citizens are involved to allow them to express their preferences for improving certain elements of the public bus system. To mitigate the uncertainty of the non-expert evaluations, a fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model has been created and applied. Since the objective of the research is to provide a suitable framework for transport development tenders, only the criteria weights have to be determined; thus, an alternative level has not been applied. The model has been tested on the urban bus transport system of a large Turkish city: Mersin. Based on the application, citizen preference weights could be associated with certain elements of the supply quality; thus, government development source allocation decisions could be supported. The fuzzy-AHP model ensures that the final development implications will meet public demand for bus system improvement in the city.
Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus
Authors: Primadharsini Putu Prathiwi , Nagashima Shigeo , Okamoto Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. HEV can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, with the latter usually occurring in immunocompromised patients. Modes of transmission range from the classic fecal–oral route or zoonotic route, to relatively recently recognized but increasingly common routes, such as via the transfusion of blood products or organ transplantation. Extrahepatic manifestations, such as neurological, kidney and hematological abnormalities, have been documented in some limited cases, typically in patients with immune suppression. HEV has demonstrated extensive genomic diversity and a variety of HEV strains have been identified worldwide from human populations as well as growing numbers of animal species. The genetic variability and constant evolution of HEV contribute to its physiopathogenesis and adaptation to new hosts. This review describes the recent classification of the Hepeviridae family, global genotype distribution, clinical significance of HEV genotype and genomic variability and evolution of HEV.
Physical Modeling of Spatial and Temporal Development of Local Scour at the Downstream of Bed Protection for Low Froude Number
Authors: Park Sung Won , Hwang Jin Hwan , Ahn Jungkyu
Published: May 2019

Local scour at the downstream of the river bed protection is one of the most important parameters for the design criteria and sustainable management of the hydraulic structures. Previously, various researches on its process in the equilibrium state have been suggested with experimental and numerical approaches. In this study, relatively long-term laboratory experiments of local scouring at the downstream of fixed bed in an open channel were conducted with mono-granular sediment bed and analyzed about maximum scour depth and its temporal development. In particular, we conducted experiments with relatively low Froude number (less than 0.5) and their duration of tests was exceeded over 700 hours. We modified the relationship between the dimensionless time and length scales of the maximum scour depth of the local scour hole based on the turbulent shear layer thickness. A new functional relationship between dominant factors and the maximum scour depth in the equilibrium state were suggested and compared with previously suggested formula. Also, from the results by nonlinear regression, Froude number was founded as a dominant factor on the prediction of equilibrium maximum scour depth.
Wildfires in Grasslands and Shrublands: A Review of Impacts on Vegetation, Soil, Hydrology, and Geomorphology
Authors: Stavi Ilan
Published: May 2019

Wildfires are prevalent in grasslands and shrublands. The objective of this study is to provide land managers with a general overview, by assessing the main impacts of wildfire, including those on plant communities (e.g., secondary succession and species invasion), soil characteristics (e.g., water repellency (hydrophobicity), aggregation and structure stability, and contents of organic carbon and nutrients), and surface processes (e.g., ash deposition, ground surface clogging, water runoff, soil erosion, hillslope debris flow, and dry ravel). Additionally, the study discusses the effects of livestock grazing on the functioning of post-fire grasslands and shrublands. Although mesic regions are mentioned, this review focuses on drylands. The comparatively low-to-moderate fuel loads that characterize grasslands and shrublands generate wildfires of relatively moderate intensity, resulting in moderate burn severity. Yet, it seems that because of decreased soil aggregate stability following burning, the hoof action of livestock that access burnt lands shortly after the fire increases the shearing and detachment of mineral material from the ground surface; this increases soil erodibility, with the possible risk of accelerated land degradation. The review ends with an assessment of general implications for environmental sustainability and health, and provides recommendations on wildfire control in rangelands, and on restoration of burnt lands.
Hydrochemical Properties of Groundwater Used for Korea Bottled Waters in Relation to Geology
Authors: Lee Byeong , Oh Yong , Cho Byong , Yun Uk , Choo Chang
Published: May 2019

Bottled waters have been becoming increasingly popular in Korea over the last two decades due to the high demand for safe drinking water. Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater is essential for understanding quality properties of bottled waters. We investigated hydrochemistry of 60 manufacture factories for bottled waters in relation to geology. The mean EC value is highest in groundwaters of Ogcheon metamorphic rocks (213.6 μS/cm) > Precambrian gneiss (177.8 μS/cm) > Cretaceous granite (160.4 μS/cm) > Jurassic granite (131.3 μS/cm) > Quaternary Jeju Island volcanic rocks (99.2 μS/cm). The groundwater types are commonly classified as Ca-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, or Ca-Mg-HCO3 types depending on bed rocks. Based on correlation matrix, the groundwater chemistry was controlled by water–rock interactions. We established relationships between groundwater compositions and bedrock geology in Korea.
A Simple Red Tide Monitoring Method using Sentinel-2 Data for Sustainable Management of Brackish Lake Koyama-ike, Japan
Authors: Sakuno Yuji , Maeda Akihiro , Mori Akihiro , Ono Shuji , Ito Akihiro
Published: May 2019

We proposed and validated a method for monitoring red tides in the brackish Lake Koyama-ike, Japan, using Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data with a 10 m spatial resolution. To achieve this objective, we acquired 36 spectral reflectance/Chla data points in the field from 2012 to 2018. We obtained a high correlation of Chla (R2 = 0.83) using the proposed red tide model (RIKY = [MSI Band 5 – MSI Band 4]/[MSI Band 5 + MSI Band 4]) and field data. Based on our results, the proposed model was also validated using five Sentinel-2/Chla datasets from April to August 2017. Chla and red tide distribution characteristics estimated from Sentinel-2 data hardly appeared from April to July, and then spread rapidly throughout the lake (more than 70%) in August. Thus, Sentinel-2 data proved to be a very powerful tool in monitoring red tides in Lake Koyama-ike.
Three-Dimensional Geophysical Characterization of Deeply Buried Paleokarst System in the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Tian Fei , Wang Zhongxing , Cheng Fuqi , Xin Wei , Fayemi Olalekan , Zhang Wang , Shan Xiaocai
Published: May 2019

Paleokarst reservoirs are the major type of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Tahe Oilfield. Due to the strong heterogeneity in distribution, it is a real challenge to detect the spatial distribution of paleokarst reservoirs, especially those deeply buried more than 5500 m in the Tahe area. Based on the abundant core samples, this paper first described the structure of paleocaves drilled by well. Second, after time–depth conversions, the results from drilled wells were tied to three-dimensional (3D) seismic datasets, and then the threshold of host rocks and caves in wave impedance were identified. Third, the seismic-scale mapping and visualization of the paleokarst reservoirs were achieved by tracing the distribution of paleocaves. This approach was applied in the well T403 area, and the structure of the paleokarst, especially the runoff zone, was interpreted. 3D structure and spatial distribution of the paleokarst system was demonstrated by plane, vertical, and 3D models. Additionally, according to the hydrology genetic relationships, the paleocaves in the runoff zone were divided into sinkholes, main channel, and branch channel. The approach of a 3D geophysical characterization of a deeply buried paleokarst system can be applicable to Tahe and other similar paleokarst oilfields, which will guide hydrocarbon exploration in paleokarst reservoirs.
System for Increasing the Seismic Safety of Pipelines in the Water Supply and Distribution Networks
Authors: Ancaş Ana Diana , Aşchilean Ioan , Profire Mihai , Toma Ionuţ
Published: May 2019

Seismic activity of small, medium or high intensity has a destructive effect on existing water supply and distribution networks. In the scholar literature, these are included in Class I—Vital Performance Systems, whose operation must be uninterrupted in case of a seismic event. Water networks are also essential for the safe operation of certain critical subsystems in the event of an earthquake (fire-extinguishing systems, etc.), in order to avoid loss of human lives, reduce adverse environmental impacts and limit damage caused by fires. The article proposes a seismic safety system for the water transport pipelines obtained by designing, executing and testing an experimental design, a system that can be used to increase the seismic resilience of the water supply and distribution network pipelines. The experimental data obtained were verified on the basis of the theoretical data available in the literature. The results of the research are particularly useful and can be proposed for use from the stage of designing new networks to providing expertise for existing networks, for establishing the most-stressed areas in which to be installed, and for implementing both execution and at the same time rehabilitation and upgrading.
Robustness Spatiotemporal Clustering and Trend Detection of Rainfall Erosivity Density in Greece
Authors: Vantas Konstantinos , Sidiropoulos Epaminondas , Loukas Athanasios
Published: May 2019

Soil erosion is affected by rainfall, among other factors, and it is likely to increase in the future due to climate change impacts, resulting in higher rainfall intensities. This paper evaluates the impact of the missing values ratio on the computation of the rainfall erosivity factor, R, and erosivity density, ED. The paper also investigates the temporal trends and defines regions of Greece with a similar monthly distribution of ED using an unsupervised method. Preprocessed and free from noise and errors rainfall data from 108 stations across Greece were extracted from the Greek National Bank of Hydrological and Meteorological Information. The rainfall data were analyzed and erosive rainfalls were identified, their return period was determined using intensity–duration–frequency curves and R and ED values were computed. The impact of missing data in the computation of annual values of R and ED was investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The findings indicated that missing rainfall data resulted in a linear underestimation of R, while ED is more robust. The trends in ED timeseries were evaluated using the Kendall’s Tau test and their autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation were computed for a small subset of stations using criteria based on the quality of data. Furthermore, cluster analysis was applied to a larger subset of stations to define regions of Greece with similar monthly distribution of ED. The findings of this study indicate that: (a) ED should be preferred for the assessment of erosivity in Greece over the direct computation of R, (b) ED timeseries are found to be stationary for the majority of the selected stations, in contrast to reported precipitation trends for the same time period, (c) Greece is divided into three clusters/areas of stations with distinct monthly distributions of ED.
Identification of the Space-Time Variability of Hydrological Drought in the Arid Region of Northwestern China
Authors: Wang Huaijun , Chen Zhongsheng , Chen Yaning , Pan Yingping , Feng Ru
Published: May 2019

Drought monitoring is crucial to water resource management and strategic planning. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the space-time variability of hydrological drought across the broad arid region of northwestern China. Seven distributions were applied to fitting monthly streamflow records of 16 gauging stations from 10 rivers. Finally, the general logistic distribution was selected as the most appropriate one to compute the Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI). The severity and duration of hydrological droughts were also captured from the SSI series. Moreover, we investigate the relationship between hydrological drought (SSI) and meteorological drought (Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI)) at different time scales. The results show that drought duration and severity decreased over time in the Aibihu, Irtysh, Kaidu, Aksu, Yarkand, Hoton, Shule, Heihe (upstream), and Shiyang Rivers. However, the Tarim (upstream) and Heihe (middle stream) Rivers showed increasing drought duration and severity and this can be attributed to recent decades human activities. Furthermore, two correlation coefficient patterns between SSI and SPEI were found for the rivers of interest, an “increasing-decreasing” pattern for the Irtysh, Heihe, and Shiyang Rivers, where the precipitation is the main runoff supply, and an “increasing-stable” pattern for Aibihu and the Kaidu, Aksu, Yarkand, Hotan, and Shule Rivers, where glacier melt water provided a relatively high supply of runoff. Our findings are a contribution towards implementing effective water resources evaluation and planning in this arid region.
The Association between Hydro-Meteorological Events and Leptospirosis Hospitalizations in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Ercides Péres Wolmir , Russo Ana , Nunes Baltazar
Published: May 2019

Extreme climatic events (ECE) are beginning to be perceived as potential causes of health disturbances. The assessment of the impacts of certain ECE to human health has become essential to health managers and caregivers. The objective of this study was to identify the association between rates of hospitalization for Leptospirosis and the occurrence of extreme hydrological events in the state Santa Catarina (Brazil) between the years 2005 and 2014. The association between Leptospirosis hospitalizations and the occurrence of floods, flash floods, and flooding events was measured through Spearman’s bivariate correlation coefficient. Flash floods corresponded to 92.6% of the total hydrological events. Coastal regions presented higher admission rates than inland. The Leptospirosis presented a seasonal pattern, with a peak in the summer months. Positive and significant correlations for monthly and annual analyzes were identified for some of the analyzed macro-regions, with higher values of correlation in the coastal region. The current results suggest the influence of the occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events on the variability of the hospitalization rate by Leptospirosis in the state of Santa Catarina, with significant differences found for the coastal and inland regions.
La femme dans la population active à Caen de 1911 à 1968
Authors: Dyer Colin L.
Published: May 2019

La ville de Caen, capitale de la Basse-Normandie et préfecture du Calvados, a connu un des plus grands accroissements de population en France depuis la Première - et, plus spécialement, depuis la Seconde - Guerre mondiale.

Entre les recensements de 1954 et de 1962, la ville de Caen a, en fait, enregistré la plus grande augmentation démographique de toutes les villes en France. La mobilité géographique de cette population grandissante est également parmi les plus grandes des villes françaises tout au cours du siècle actuel.

Possédant moins de 53 000 habitants après les désastres de la bataille de Normandie, Caen contient entre ses murs aujourd'hui plus de 110 000 personnes, une population active en excès de 45 000.

Cet article trace le rôle changeant de la femme active dans cette population à travers les années - riches en événements - de 1911 à 1968.

Sources

Cette étude du rôle de la femme dans la population à Caen a été possible grâce à des recherches faites en partie dans les Archives départementales du Calvados. La direction régionale de l'I.N.S.E.E., à qui nous devons la plus grande reconnaissance, nous a autorisé à consulter les recensements de 1911, 1921 et 1936 et à y faire des recherches statistiques. Notre reconnaissance est due également à la municipalité de Caen, qui nous a permis de compléter ces recherches en examinant les listes électorales pour les années 1946 et 1966. Un dépouillement exhaustif des différentes listes n'étant pas possible, il a fallu faire un échantillon aléatoire systématique d'un dixième des personnes inscrites sur ces documents. Les résultats présentés pour 1968 sont ceux du recensement de la ville de Caen pour cette année-là.
Le chômage en Haute-Normandie. Les spécificités régionales
Authors: Gambier Dominique
Published: May 2019

L'objet de cet article est double : d'une part essayer de situer l'évolution du chômage en Haute-Normandie, en dégageant en particulier les spécificités de celui-ci par rapport aux données nationales ; et d'autre part de comprendre les raisons de la situation constatée à partir de la structure économique locale, de l'offre et de la demande d'emploi telles qu'elles se manifestent dans la région. Il ne s'agit pas de nier la dépendance économique de la région par rapport aux évolutions nationales et internationales, mais de cerner ce qui est propre au facteur régional.

La détérioration manifestement plus accentuée de la situation du chômage dans notre région depuis environ 1974 tient à de multiples facteurs : l'offre d'emploi y est plus fortement industrielle et donc plus sensible à la crise, la demande d'emploi plus « jeune » et plus « féminine » contribue à l'importance du chômage de ces catégories, tandis que la part plus faible du chômage de la main d'œuvre qualifiée doit être rapprochée de la relative sous-scolarisation traditionnelle dans notre région.

Plusieurs scénarios sont alors possibles pour l'évolution à moyen terme : la région pourrait, comme par le passé, bénéficier de façon privilégiée d'une reprise de l'activité. La dépendance de la région par rapport au contexte mondial doit plutôt pousser à un scénario qui prenne en compte ses atouts et handicaps dans la nouvelle division inter-nationale du travail.
L'orientation et les représentations socio-professionnelles de lycéens en Haute-Normandie
Authors: Kokosowski Alain
Published: May 2019

Cet article s'inscrit dans un ensemble de travaux empiriques portant sur la socialisation des adolescents et des jeunes adultes. Nous avons essayé d'expliquer pourquoi il existait une grande correspondance entre les principales dimensions des représentations socio-professionnelles de lycéens et un certain nombre de variables macro et micro-sociales. Nous avons analysé ces variables dans le cadre de trois systèmes d'interaction : les rapports de formation, les rapports de socialisation, les rapports socio-culturels.

Il apparaît ainsi que les conduites d'orientation des lycéens résultent non pas de choix inspirés par des intérêts professionnels, mais de tout un ensemble de confrontations entre des représentations sociales formées au cours de la scolarisation et des contraintes organisationnelles associées aux principales étapes de l'orientation scolaire.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CSR PROGRAMS TOWARD ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SDGs TARGET
Authors: Apriliyani Weni , Novita Novita
Published: May 2019

Preparation of this study aimed to evaluate whether CSR program PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk has met the criteria of GRI-Standard and determine whether CSR program PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk is able to support perncapaian SDG's targets in 2030. This study is a qualitative and quantitative research. Research data collection techniques by interviewing the management of PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk namely Community Relations division and the local government. The second data collection techniques is by distributing questionnaires to people who get Holcim CSR program. The results of data analysis in this research produces information that only PT Holcim Indonesia CSR program Tbk economics that has influence on the target perncapaian SDG's. While the social and environmental fields have not been proven to have an effect on the achievement of the target SDG's. The results of the data analysis was due largely Holcim CSR program is only focused on the achievement of the economy and the realization of all the indicators for the achievement of SDG's may have been performed by the company as a whole, but does’t plan implemented CSR programs on community sustainability.
Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles
Authors: Świętek Małgorzata , Lu Yi-Chin , Konefał Rafał , Ferreira Liliana P , Cruz M Margarida , Ma Yunn-Hwa , Horák Daniel
Published: May 2019

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles obtained through co-precipitation and oxidation were coated with heparin (Hep) to yield γ-Fe2O3@Hep, and subsequently with chitosan that was modified with different phenolic compounds, including gallic acid (CS-G), hydroquinone (CS-H), and phloroglucinol (CS-P), to yield γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G, γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-H, and γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-P particles, respectively. Surface modification of the particles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Magnetic measurements indicated that the polymer coating does not affect the superparamagnetic character of the iron oxide core. However, magnetic saturation decreased with increasing thickness of the polymer coating. The antioxidant properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Cellular uptake and intracellular antioxidant activity of the particles were evaluated by an iron assay and flow cytometry, respectively, using L-929 and LN-229 cells. Compared to the control, the phenolic modification significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to 35–56%, which was associated with a 6–8-times higher cellular uptake in L-929 cells and a 21–31-times higher cellular uptake in LN-229 cells. In contrast, γ-Fe2O3@Hep particles induced a 3.8-times and 14.9-times higher cellular uptake without inducing antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the high cellular uptake and the antioxidant properties associated with the phenolic moieties in the modified particles allow for a potential application in biomedical areas.
Flexible freestanding MoS2 based paper-like material for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Zoller Florian , Luxa Jan , Bein Thomas , Fattakhova-Rohlfing Dina , Bousa Daniel , Sofer Zdenek
Published: May 2019

Construction of flexible electrochemical devices for energy storage and generation is of utmost importance in the modern society. In this article, we report the synthesis of flexible MoS2 based composite paper by high-energy shear force milling and simple vacuum filtration. This composite material combines high flexibility, mechanical strength and good chemical stability. Chronopotentiometric charge-discharge measurements were used to determine the capacitance of our paper material. Highest capacitance of 33 mF cm-2 was achieved at current density of 1 mA cm-2 showing potential application in supercapacitors. We further used the material as a cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an onset potential of ca. -0.2 V vs RHE. The onset potential was even lower (ca. -0.1 V vs RHE) after treatment with n-butyllithium suggesting the introduction of new active sites. Finally, a potential use in Lithium ion batteries (LIB) was examined. Our material can be used directly without any binder, additive carbon or copper current collector and delivers specific capacity of 740 mA h g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1. After 40 cycles at this current density the material still reached a capacity retention of 91%. Our findings show that this composite material could find application in electrochemical energy storage and generation devices where high flexibility and mechanical strength are desired.
Ist die soziale Lage der Menschen mit Behinderung „prekär“? – Theoretische Anregungen für die Teilhabeforschung in Deutschland
Authors: Schrauth Bernhard
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung:
Die Prekarisierungstheorie ist ein soziologischer Erklärungsansatz zur Genese sozialer Exklusion in modernen Lohnarbeitsgesellschaften und beschreibt die soziale Ausgrenzung als dynamischen und graduellen Prozess. Entscheidend für die Einbindung des Individuums in die Gesellschaft ist die soziale Positionierung auf den Inte­grations­achsen der Erwerbs­arbeit und des sozialen Lebensumfeldes. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Erklärungs­muster der Prekarisierungstheorie auf das Forschungsfeld der Teilhabe­forschung übertragen und auf die soziale Lage der Menschen mit Behinderung in Deutschland bezogen. Darüber hinaus werden Grenzen der Übertragbarkeit aufgezeigt und Bezugs­punkte für die empirische Teilhabeforschung hergestellt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die inhaltlichen Grundlagen für die Untersuchung der in verschiedenen Gesellschaftsbereichen oftmals eingeschränkten Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung zu erweitern.
Abstract: The social situation of persons with disabilities in the perspective of the theory on precariousness – new ideas for the participatory research in Germany
The theory on precariousness is a sociological approach to describe the occurrence of social exclusion in modern industrialized societies. It captures the phenomenon of social exclusion as a dynamic and gradual process. Accordingly, integration into society depends above all on the individuals’ social positioning in the societal areas of employment and one’s social environment. In this article, the explanatory approach will be adapted to the field of participatory research and the social situation of persons with disabilities. Moreover, limitations of the transfer are outlined and reference points for the empirical investigation in the field of participatory research are established. This contribution aims to broaden the theoretical foundation for empirically oriented research of the often limited participation of persons with disabilities in society.
OGLE-2015-BLG-1670Lb: A Cold Neptune beyond the Snow Line in the Provisional WFIRST Microlensing Survey Field
Authors: Ranc Clément , Bennett David P. , Hirao Yuki , Udalski Andrzej , Han Cheongho , Bond Ian A. , Yee Jennifer C. ,   and, Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn-Kil , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Zang Weicheng , Zhu Wei , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Chung-Uk , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yong-Seok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Abe Fumio , Barry Richard K. , Bhattacharya Aparna , Donachie Martin , Fukui Akihiko , Itow Yoshitaka , Kawasaki Kohei , Kondo Iona , Koshimoto Naoki , Alex Li Man Cheung , Matsubara Yutaka , Miyazaki Shota , Muraki Yasushi , Nagakane Masayuki , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Suematsu Haruno , Sullivan Denis J. , Sumi Takahiro , Suzuki Daisuke , Tristram Paul J. , Yonehara Atsunori ,   (The MOA Collaboration), Poleski Radosław , Mróz Przemek , Skowron Jan , Szymański Michał K. , Soszyński Igor , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Ulaczyk Krzysztof ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: May 2019

We present the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1670, detected in a high-extinction field very close to the Galactic plane. Due to the dust extinction along the line of sight, this event was too faint to be detected before it reached the peak of magnification. The microlensing light-curve models indicate a high-magnification event with a maximum of A
max ≳ 200, very sensitive to planetary deviations. An anomaly in the light curve has been densely observed by the microlensing surveys MOA, KMTNet, and OGLE. From the light-curve modeling, we find a planetary anomaly characterized by a planet-to-host mass ratio,

q
=

1.00

−
0.16

+
0.18

×

10

−
4

, at the peak recently identified in the mass-ratio function of microlensing planets. Thus, this event is interesting to include in future statistical studies about planet demography. We have explored the possible degeneracies and find two competing planetary models resulting from the

s
↔
1

/

s

degeneracy. However, because the projected separation is very close to s = 1, the physical implications for the planet for the two solutions are quite similar, except for the value of s. By combining the light-curve parameters with a Galactic model, we have estimated the planet mass M
2 = 

17.9

−
8.8

+
9.6

M

⊕

and the lens distance

D

L

=

6.7

−
1.3

+
1.0

kpc

, corresponding to a Neptune-mass planet close to the Galactic bulge. Such events with a low absolute latitude (

∣
b
∣
≈
1
.°
1

) are subject to both high extinction and more uncertain source distances, two factors that may affect the mass measurements in the provisional Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope fields. More events are needed to investigate the potential trade-off between the higher lensing rate and the difficulty in measuring masses in these low-latitude fields.
Modeling the Formation of the Family of the Dwarf Planet Haumea
Authors: Proudfoot Benjamin C. N. , Ragozzine Darin
Published: May 2019

The dwarf planet (136108) Haumea has an intriguing combination of unique physical properties: near-breakup spin, two regular satellites, and an unexpectedly compact family. While these properties point toward formation by a collision, there is no self-consistent and reasonably probable formation hypothesis that can connect the unusually rapid spin and low relative velocities of Haumea family members (“Haumeans”). We explore and test the proposed formation hypotheses (catastrophic collision, graze-and-merge, and satellite collision) in detail. We flexibly parameterize the properties of the collision (e.g., the collision location) and use simple models for the unique three-dimensional velocity ejection field expected from each model to generate simulated families. These are then compared to the observed Kuiper Belt objects using Bayesian parameter inference, including a mixture model that robustly allows for interlopers from the background population. After testing our methodology, we find that the best match to the observed Haumeans is an essentially isotropic ejection field with a typical velocity of 150 m s−1. The graze-and-merge formation hypothesis—in which Haumeans are shed due to excess angular momentum—is clearly disfavored because the observed Haumeans are not oriented in a plane. The satellite collision model is also disfavored. Including these new constraints, we present a detailed discussion of the formation hypotheses, including variations, some of which are tested. Some new hypotheses are proposed (a cratering collision and a collision where Haumea’s upper layers are “missing”) and scrutinized. We do not identify a satisfactory formation hypothesis, but we do propose several avenues of additional investigation. In the process of these analyses, we identify many new candidate Haumeans and dynamically confirm seven of them as consistent with the observed family. We also confirm that Haumeans have a shallow size distribution and discuss implications for the discovery and identification of new Haumeans.
CALSPEC: Wide Field Camera 3 Infrared Grism Spectrophotometry
Authors: Bohlin Ralph C. , Deustua Susana E.
Published: May 2019

The collections of spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CALSPEC database are augmented by 19 infrared (IR) SEDs from Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) IR grism spectra. Together, the two IR grisms, G102 and G141, cover the 0.8–1.7 μm range with resolutions of R = 200 and 150, respectively. These new WFC3 SEDs overlap existing CALSPEC Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) standard star flux distributions at 0.8–1 μm with agreement to ≲1%. Some CALSPEC standards already have near-IR camera and multi-object spectrogragh (NICMOS) SEDs; but in their overlap region at 0.8–1.7 μm, the WFC3 data have better wavelength accuracy, better spectral resolution, better repeatability, and, consequently, better flux distributions of ∼1% accuracy in our CALSPEC absolute flux SEDs versus ∼2% for NICMOS. With the improved SEDs in the WFC3 range, the modeled extrapolations to 32 μm for the James Webb Space Telescope flux standards begin to lose precision longward of the 1.7 μm WFC3 limit, instead of at the 1.0-μm-long wavelength limit for STIS. For example, the extrapolated IR flux longward of 1.7 μm for 1808347 increases by ∼1% for the model fit to the data with WFC3, instead of just to the STIS SED alone.
SOFIA/FORCAST Observations of the Sgr A-H H ii Regions: Using Dust Emission to Elucidate the Heating Sources
Authors: Hankins M. J. , Lau R. M. , Mills E. A. C. , Morris M. R. , Herter T. L.
Published: May 2019

The Sgr A-H H ii regions are a collection of sources that may represent one of the most recent sites of star formation in the Galactic center (GC). Examining these H ii regions provides important information on the prevalence and distribution of massive stars in the region and may provide clues on the origin of other massive field stars throughout the GC. In this work, we present infrared imaging observations of the Sgr A-H H ii regions taken with the Faint Object Infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) at 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, and 37.1 μm. These data provide high angular resolution maps (∼4″) of the sources, which allow us to study the morphology of spatially extended H ii regions in detail. The wavelength coverage of FORCAST also supplies important constraints on the dust mass, temperature, and luminosity of the sources. We produce spectral energy distribution models using DustEM to measure the luminosity and dust mass, which range from ∼3 × 103 to 6 × 105
L
⊙ and from ∼6 × 10−4 to 3 × 10−1 M
⊙, respectively. Analysis of dust temperatures in the four spatially extended H ii regions (H1, H2, H3, and H5) shows that three of these objects require multiple heating sources, and we identify potential stellar candidates. We also compare the size and morphology of the H ii regions and demonstrate that the properties of H2 are consistent with in situ star formation. Lastly, we identify nine additional sources that may be part of the H complex and provide initial characterizations of their infrared emission.
APEX Observations of the CO Envelope around the Young FUor-type Star V883 Ori
Authors: White J. A. , Kóspál Á. , Rab C. , Ábrahám P. , de Miera F. Cruz-Sáenz , Csengeri T. , Fehér O. , Güsten R. , Henning T. , Vorobyov E. , Audard M. , Postel A.
Published: May 2019

The accretion-driven outbursts of young FU Orionis–type stars may be a common stage of pre-main-sequence evolution and can have a significant impact on the circumstellar environment as it pertains to the growth of solids and eventually planets. This episodic accretion is thought to be sustained by additional gas infalling from the circumstellar envelope and disk. We present APEX observations of the CO gas in the envelope around V883 Orionis, a young outbursting star. The observations mapped the 12CO(4–3), 12CO(3–2), and 13CO(3–2) lines with the FLASH+ instrument and the 12CO(6–5) line with the SEPIA instrument. We detected high signal-to-noise emission extending out to radii >10,000 au and calculated integrated fluxes of 1100 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(6–5), 2400 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(4–3), 1600 Jy km s−1 for 12CO(3–2), and 450 Jy km s−1 for 13CO(3–2). We used the thermochemical code PRODIMO to test several models and find the data are best described by an envelope structure with M
env ≈ 0.2–0.4 M
⊙ and a mass-infall rate of

. We infer that the observed envelope and outflow structure around V883 Ori could be caused by multiple outbursts, consistent with episodic accretion.