bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penelitian Genom dan Implikasinya dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat di Indonesia
Authors: Ramdhan Doni Hikmat
Published: May 2016

Penelitian genom yang mengkaji kaitan antara setiap gen dengan suatu penyakit sekaligus mekanismenya untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan yang menyeluruh dalam pengobatan, telah membawa perubahan besar dunia kedokteran dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun demikian, penelitian genom seharusnya tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan tetapi juga untuk pencegahan penyakit. Artikel ini membahas masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan peluang pemanfaatan penelitian genom dalam pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian genom yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat adalah toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik. Penelitian toksikogenomik mengkaji respons gen akibat pajanan toksikan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian nutrigenomik mengkaji respons gen terhadap makanan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik dapat mengungkap mekanisme molekuler suatu penyakit. Selanjutnya, pada gen yang mengalami perubahan ekspresi dapat dijadikan target molekuler untuk pencegahan. Dengan demikian, perkembangan penelitian genom memberikan tantangan bagi pengembangan ilmu kesehatan masyarakat untuk dalam pencegahan penyakit.Genome research which examines association of each gene with a disease and its mechanism to explore comprehensive knowledge in disease treatment, has brought about great changes in medicine in the treatment of diseases. However, genomic research should not only be applied in treatment but also in disease prevention. This article discusses public health problems and opportunities of genomic research application in disease prevention. Genome research that can be utilized in the field of public health is toxicogenomics and nutrigenomics. Research toxicogenomics investigate gene responses due to exposure to the toxicant that impact on human health. Nutrigenomics research examines gene response to food that affect to human health. Toxicogenomics and nutrigenomics research can uncover the molecular mechanisms of disease. Furthermore, the gene expression changes that may be used as molecular targets for prevention. Thus, the development of genome research provides a challenge for the development of public health sciences to be used in the prevention of disease.
Pattern of Household Drug Storage
Authors: Gitawati Retno
Published: May 2016

Household storage of pharmaceutical is world-widely practice, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain the pattern of medicine storage, the sources and reasons of medicine kept in households. Acrosssectional survey was conducted on October 2011, involving 250 adult household respondents, randomly selected from three subdistricts in North Jakarta, and have approved the written consents, and interviewed with structured questionnaire. Data were performed in univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square test. The majority of household (82%) stored drugs at home; analgesic-antipyretic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory was the type of drugs kept by mostly (76.1%) of household. Out of 1001 stored drugs formulation encountered, about 31% were ethical drugs, mostly (64.8%) obtained from authorized pharmacies, purchased without prescription (71.9%), kept for future use (37.6%), and were leftover medicines (31.6%). Among the leftovers, 39.2% were ethical drugs including anti infective agents (31.5%). The leftover ethical medicines and anti infective agents could be indicated as inappropriate storage of pharmaceuticals and may lead to drug related problems.Penyimpanan obat di rumah tangga banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat, namun tidak banyak informasi bagaimana obat disimpan dan digunakan oleh rumah tangga di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh data pola obat di rumah tangga, sumber mendapatkannya, dan alasan obat disimpan. Survei potong-lintang dilakukan pada Oktober 2011, melibatkan secara acak 250 responden rumah tangga dewasa dari tiga kecamatan di Jakarta Utara yang dipilih purposif dan bersedia diwawancarai dengan menandatangani informed consent. Kuesioner terstruktur digunakan untuk memperoleh data obat. Dilakukan analisis data univariat dan bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat. Mayoritas responden (82%) menyimpan obat, dengan jenis obat terbanyak analgesik-antipiretik dan anti-inflamasi nonsteroid (76,1%). Dari 1001 produk obat yang disimpan, 31% adalah obat etikal. Sebagian besar obat tersebut (64,8%) diperoleh dari apotek, dibeli tanpa resep dokter (71,9%), dan sengaja disimpan untuk persediaan jika sakit (37,6%) serta merupakan obat sisa resep (31,6%). Diantara obat sisa resep, sejumlah 39,2% adalah obat etikal, diantaranya termasuk anti-infeksi (31,5%). Adanya penyimpanan obat sisa resep berupa obat etikal dan anti-infeksi menggambarkan penyimpanan obat yang irasional dan dapat memicu masalah terkait obat termasuk risiko terjadinya medication error.
Determinan Perilaku Tes HIV pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Setiyawati Nanik , Meilani Niken
Published: May 2016

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dan Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) merupakan salah satu sorotan dalam pencapaian target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Ibu hamil dengan HIV akan berisiko menularkan kepada bayinya. Tes HIV merupakan gerbang pembuka status HIV yang sangat penting dilakukan pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil yaitu tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi kerentanan diri tertular HIV, sikap, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) dan ketersediaan sumber informasi (keluarga dan kader kesehatan). Jenis penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan metode survei. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron dan Puskesmas Sleman yang telah memiliki sarana pemeriksaan tes HIV dan telah menjalankan program Pencegahan Penularan dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA). Subjek penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke puskesmas tersebut pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2014 yang berjumlah 54 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis yang digunakan univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan tingkat pendidikan, tingkatpengetahuan tentang HIV dan AIDS, persepsi kerentanan diri dan sikap ibu. Ada hubungan antara PITC, ketersediaan sumber informasi tentang HIV dan AIDS dari keluarga dan kader kesehatan dengan perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil. PITC merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku tes HIV pada ibu hamil.Determinant of HIV Testing Behavior among Pregnant WomenHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of highlighted issues in accomplishing Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) target. Pregnant women with HIV will transmit the virus to their babies. HIV testing is such an opening gate of HIV status that is very important to be conducted on pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the determinant of HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women including education level, knowledge level, perception of selfvulnerability to be HIV-infected, attitudes, Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) and availability of information (family and health workers). This study was cross sectional using a survey method. This study was conducted in Mantrijeron and Sleman Primary Health Care that had HIV testing facilities and executed prevention of mother to child transmission program. The subjects of this study were pregnant women visiting such primary health care on August up to October 2014, as much as 54 people. Data collecting used questionnaire. Analysed used were univariate, biviariate, and multivariate. The results showed no relation between educational level, knowledge level about HIV and AIDS, perception of self-vulnerability and attitudes of women.There was a relation between PITC, information source availability about HIV and AIDS from the family and health workers with HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women. PITC is the most influencing variable toward HIV testing behaviour among pregnant women.
Determinan Stres pada Pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Besral Besral , Widiantini Winne
Published: May 2016

Kejadian stres pada pelbagai kelompok di Indonesia cukup tinggi dan belum banyak diketahui determinannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stres pada pegawai Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (Kemenkes RI). Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2013 terhadap 230 pegawai sekretariat jenderal yang dipilih secara acak. Analisis statistik menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Responden dikatakan stres jika memiliki skor 28 atau lebih dengan menggunakan 17 pertanyaan terkait personal stress inventory. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stres sebesar 79% dan determinan stres adalah obesitas, usia, jabatan, suku, pendidikan, dan aktivitas fisik. Risiko stres lebih tinggi pada pegawai yang obesitas (ORadj = 1,9), pegawai berusia di bawah 40 tahun (ORadj = 2,1), suku Sunda (ORadj = 3,1), menduduki jabatan struktural (ORadj = 2,3), pegawai yang berpendidikan SMA atau D3 (ORadj = 2,8), dan pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik (ORadj = 8,2). Disimpulkan bahwa determinan stres sangat bergantung pada beban kerja dan karakteristik individu, risiko stres sangat tinggi terdapat pada pegawai perempuan yang kurang aktivitas fisik. Disarankan agar Kemenkes melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang hidup sehat dan pencegahan stres kepada seluruh pegawai, melakukan rekreasi bersama secara berkala, melaksanakan olahraga rutin setiap hari Jumat pagi di pusat kebugaran Kemenkes untuk menurunkan obesitas dan stres. Determinants of Stress among Civil Servants at Health Ministry of IndonesiaThe prevalence of stress on various groups in Indonesia is quite high and has not been known their determinants. This study aimed to find out determinants of stress among civil servants at the Health Ministry of Republic of Indonesia. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2013 toward 230 secretariat general civil servants selected randomly. Analysis of statistic used multiple logistic regression. Respondents were considered stress if they got score 28 or more by using 17 questions personal stress inventory. Results showed that prevalence of stress related to and determinants of stress were obesity, age, position, tribe, education and physical activity was worth 79%. The risk of stress was higher among obese civil servants (ORadj = 1.9), age under 40 years old (ORadj = 2.1), tribe Sundanese (ORadj = 3.1), structural positions (ORadj = 2.0), senior high school or vocation level (ORadj = 2.8), women with lack of physical activity (ORadj = 8.2). To sum up, determinants of stress very depended on work loads and individual characteristics, the highest risk of stress among women who lack of physical activity. The Health Ministry should promote health public concerning healthy lifestyle and prevention of stress to all civil servants, periodically holding recreation together, conducting regular exercise on Friday morning in order to reduce obesity and stress.
A Relative Permeability Rock-Typing Methodology With a Clustering Method Combined With a Heuristic Optimization Procedure
Authors: Compan A. L. , Bodstein G. C. , Couto P..
Published: May 2016

Many methods are used to group and classify rocks, most of them designed to be applied to all petrophysical properties, in general. Some authors, however, point out that these generic classifications may not be able to capture the complexity of the relative permeability property, resulting in highly spread relative permeability groups. These authors use correlations between petrophysical data and relative permeability curves to obtain two-phase dynamic rock types through a manual process. The present work describes a general, systematic, and semiautomatic methodology to determine the relative permeability classes (rock types) from relative permeability experimental data, by use of a clustering method associated with an optimization procedure. Clustering methods are able to classify elements according to their similarities in an n-dimensional space of characteristics, but they may not be able to produce clusters with little data scattering of relative permeability, because these clusters must be related to the rock characteristics available in the reservoir model. The method proposed in this investigation uses a clustering method to obtain groups of reservoir-model rock characteristics associated with an optimization method to deform the space of characteristics (clustering space) such that the clusters become representative dynamic classes with minimum spread of relative permeability curves. The results show a significant decrease of the data scattering found among the relative permeability curves within the groups, therefore reducing the uncertainty of the relative permeability used in reservoir simulations. In our methodology, the relative permeability boundaries of each group are also defined, such that every group has its own set of relative permeability curves with some uncertainty for the curve that represents the group. The associated confidence interval of each curve is evaluated with the Student's-t distribution to determine the relative permeability optimistic and pessimistic curves for each group. These boundaries allow optimistic and pessimist scenarios to be drawn.
Investigation of Biodiesel-Based Drilling Fluid, Part 2: Formulation Design, Rheological Study, and Laboratory Evaluation
Authors: Li Wai , Zhao Xionghu , Ji Yihui , Peng Hui , Chen Bin , Liu Lan , Han Xiao
Published: May 2016

This paper presents an environmentally friendly, biodiesel-based invert-emulsion drilling fluid (BBDF). On the basis of the stable emulsion previously optimized (which was presented in Part 1), several necessary additives, including an organophilic clay (OC), a fluid-loss (FL) -control agent and a rheological modifier (RM), were developed or selected to formulate the BBDF. Numerous laboratory tests of different properties were conducted to evaluate the properties of this drilling fluid. BBDF has a rheological behavior and filtration properties that meet the requirements of drilling operations. It exhibits good shale-inhibition ability, excellent lubricity, and tolerance to contaminants. Low toxicity and great biodegradability are the prominent advantages of this system. After evaluating the suitabilities of known rheological models for BBDF, a hydraulic simulation was carried out on the basis of the Herschel-Bulkley model. BBDF performs similarly to conventional oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) subject to deepwater drilling conditions. High performance and great environmental compliance make BBDF a promising option for marine or extended-reach drilling. In addition, novel OC produced from rectorite and nonionic surfactants was successfully introduced into this drilling fluid. This modified rectorite is expected to be a substitute for conventional organobentonite.
IberWQ: new simulation tool for 2D water quality modelling in rivers and shallow estuaries
Authors: Cea L. , Bermúdez M. , Puertas J. , Bladé E. , Corestein G. , Escolano E. , Conde A. , Bockelmann-Evans B. , Ahmadian R.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a new freeware simulation tool (IberWQ) for 2D water quality modelling in rivers and non-stratified estuaries. The model computes the spatial and temporal evolution of several species and variables which are relevant for the evaluation of the environmental status of rivers and estuaries, including: Escherichia coli, dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate–nitrite nitrogen, water temperature and salinity. A depth-averaged transport equation is solved for each variable with a mass conservative unstructured finite volume solver. IberWQ is fully coupled to the hydrodynamic module of the software Iber, a freeware simulation tool for solving the 2D shallow water equations. Both models are integrated in the same windows graphical environment, including several tools which allow the user to generate unstructured meshes adapted to the site topography, define spatially variable input parameters and visualize model outputs. We present four application examples to illustrate the possibilities of the software for the dynamic simulation of water quality in rivers and estuaries.
Integrated assessment of the impacts of climate variability and anthropogenic activities on river runoff: a case study in the Hutuo River Basin, China
Authors: Omer Abubaker , Wang Weiguang , Basheer Amir K. , Yong Bin
Published: May 2016

Understanding the linear and nonlinear responses of runoff to environmental change is crucial to optimally manage water resources in river basins. This study proposes a generic framework-based hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) and two approaches, to comprehensively assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate variability on runoff over the representative Hutuo River Basin (HRB), China. Results showed that SWAT performed well in capturing the runoff trend in HRB; however, it exhibited better performance for the calibration period than for the validation. During 1961–2000, about 26.06% of the catchment area was changed, mainly from forest to farmland and urban, and the climate changed to warmer and drier. The integrated effects of the anthropogenic activities and climate variability decreased annual runoff in HRB by 96.6 mm. Direct human activities were responsible for 52.16% of runoff reduction. Climate (land use) decreased runoff by 45.30% (2.06%), whereas the combined (land use + climate) impact resulted in more runoff decrease, by 47.84%. Land use–climate interactive effect is inherent in HRB and decreased runoff by 1.02%. The proposed framework can be applied to improve the current understanding of runoff variation in river basins, for supporting sustainable water resources management strategies.
Geostatistically based optimization of a rainfall monitoring network extension: case of the climatically heterogeneous Tunisia
Authors: Feki Haifa , Slimani Mohamed , Cudennec Christophe
Published: May 2016

Rainfall data are an essential input for many simulation models. In fact, these latter have a decisive role in the development and application of rational water policies. Since the accuracy of the simulation depends strongly on the available data, the task of optimizing the monitoring network is of great importance. In this paper, an application is presented aiming at the evaluation of a precipitation monitoring network by predicting monthly, seasonal, and interannual average rainfall. The method given here is based on the theory of the regionalized variables using the well-known geostatistical variance reduction method. The procedure, which involves different analysis methods of the available data, such as estimation of the interpolation uncertainty and data cross validation, is applied to a case study data set in Tunisia in order to demonstrate the potential for improvement of the observation network quality. Root mean square error values are the criteria for evaluating rainfall estimation, and network performance is discussed based on kriging variance reduction. Based on this study, it was concluded that some sites should be dropped to eliminate redundancy and some others need to be added to the existing network, essentially in the center and the south, to have a more informative network.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a Predictor of Prolonged Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Liss Michael A. , Ahlering Thomas E. , Morales Blanca , Gordon Adam , Osann Kathryn , Skarecky Douglas , Lusch Achim , Zaldivar Frank , Ghoniem Gamal M.
Published: May 2016

Objectives:

To investigate monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as a novel urinary biomarker to predict prolonged post prostatectomy incontinence.

Methods:

Men submitted urine samples prior to robotic radical prostatectomy. MCP-1 values were derived using an ELISA test. Pad usage at 7, 30, and 60 days were documented by patient post cards mailed when zero pads was reached. The primary outcome was defined as no incontinence pad usage at 30 days at prostatectomy.

Results:

After exclusions, 76 patients were included in analyses. Continence was reached by 29% (22/76), 56% (42/76), and (75/76) 98% at 7, 30, and 60 days, respectively. The average MCP-1 (p=0.258) was not different between the continent and incontinent groups. Highest quartile of MCP-1 (MCP > 166 pg/mL) and normalized MCP-1 (MCP-1/TV >0.53) noted a significant delay in continence at 30 days (p=0.050 and p=0.003). Only 26% (5/19) in the highest MCP1/TV quartile were continent, whereas 65% (37/57) of men in the 3 lower quartiles reached zero pad continence (p=0.003). In a logistic regression model the highest quartile of MCP1/TV had a significant chance of being incontinent at 30 days (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.058-0.80; p=0.022).

Conclusion:

MCP-1/TV is a urinary biomarker that may predict prolonged urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
Digital Technology Use Among Individuals with Schizophrenia: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Gay Katrina , Torous John , Joseph Adam , Pandya Anand , Duckworth Ken
Published: May 2016

Background

Despite growing interest in the use of digital technology by individuals with schizophrenia, little is known about how these individual relate to, own, and use technology in their daily life and in the context of their symptoms.

Objective

The goal of this study is to better characterize technology use in those with schizophrenia.

Methods

A Web-based survey of individuals’ use of and attitudes toward technology for those 18 years and older self-identifying as having schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders was conducted. Consumer input was sought in the design of the survey.

Results

In total, 457 individuals responded to this Web-based survey. Ninety percent owned more than one device (personal computer, landline telephone, tablet, public computer, mobile phone without applications or Internet, or smartphone), with many reporting high utilization of multiple devices, and 61% having 2 devices. The respondents reported that Web-based technology helped with support from family and friends, as well as in gathering information. Many respondents used Web-based technology to help identify coping strategies (24% very often or often) including music to help block or manage voices (42%), while others used technology to set alarms/reminders for medication management (28%). Younger respondents in particular anticipated the role of technology growing over time with respect to their recovery.

Conclusions

Survey respondents reported that technology access was common, with utilization involving coping, reminders for medications and appointments, and connection. Overall, attitudes were largely positive. Overuse was a concern for 30% of respondents. The study is limited in its generalizability as the population was highly engaged in mental health treatment (87%), self-identified as living with the disorder, and had awareness of their illness. This survey demonstrates high engagement for a subset of technology-oriented individuals living with schizophrenia. It is not known what percent of individuals with schizophrenia are represented by these technology-oriented survey respondents.
Heat and mass transfer effects on natural convection flow along a horizontal triangular wavy surface
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Hossain Anwar , Aqsa A
Published: May 2016

An analysis is carried out to thoroughly understand the characteristics of heat and mass transfer for the natural convection boundary layer flow along a triangular horizontal wavy surface. Combine buoyancy driven boundary layer equations for the flow are switched into convenient form via co-ordinate transformations. Full non-linear equations are integrated numerically for Pr = 0.051. Interesting results for the uneven surface are found which are expressed in the form of wall shear stress, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer. Solutions are also visualized via streamlines, isotherms, and isolines for concentration. Computational results certify that, shear stress, temperature gradient and concentration gradient enhances as soon as the amplitude of the wavy surface, a, increases, but complex geometry do not allow to carry simulations for a > 1.5. This factor probably ensures that sinusoidal waveform is better than triangular waveform.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/TSCI170525126E
Thermohydraulic performance comparision of compound inserts for a turbulent flow through a circular tube
Authors: Kapse Arvind , Dongarwar Prashant , Gawande Rupesh
Published: May 2016

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of three different passive inserts are experimentally investigated for individual and compound insertion. Insert cross-section is altered along the length of test section for compound insertion. Test runs were conducted in a concentric circular tube in tube heat exchanger in the Reynolds number range of 8000 to 32000 with water as a working fluid. Enhancements in Nusselt number and friction factors are reported to be in the range of 38-234% and 55-524%, respectively, over plain tube. The average performance ratios based on equal pumping power are also reported and found in the range of 0.63-1.53. Based on experimental results, optimum combination for compound insertion is proposed.
Increasing the speed of computational fluid dynamics procedure for minimization the nitrogen oxide polution from the premixed atmospheric gas burner
Authors: Fotev Vasko , Adzic Miroljub , Milivojevic Aleksandar
Published: May 2016

This article presents innovative method for increasing the speed of procedure which includes complex computational fluid dynamic calculations for finding the distance between flame openings of atmospheric gas burner that lead to minimal NO pollution. The method is based on standard features included in commercial computational fluid dynamic software and shortens computer working time roughly seven times in this particular case.
A Glycine-Insulin Autocrine Feedback Loop Enhances Insulin Secretion From Human β-Cells and Is Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yan-Do Richard , Duong Eric , Manning Fox Jocelyn E. , Dai Xiaoqing , Suzuki Kunimasa , Khan Shara , Bautista Austin , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Lyon James , Wu Xichen , Cheley Stephen , MacDonald Patrick E. , Braun Matthias
Published: May 2016

The secretion of insulin from pancreatic islet β-cells is critical for glucose homeostasis. Disrupted insulin secretion underlies almost all forms of diabetes, including the most common form, type 2 diabetes (T2D). The control of insulin secretion is complex and affected by circulating nutrients, neuronal inputs, and local signaling. In the current study, we examined the contribution of glycine, an amino acid and neurotransmitter that activates ligand-gated Cl− currents, to insulin secretion from islets of human donors with and without T2D. We find that human islet β-cells express glycine receptors (GlyR), notably the GlyRα1 subunit, and the glycine transporter (GlyT) isoforms GlyT1 and GlyT2. β-Cells exhibit significant glycine-induced Cl− currents that promote membrane depolarization, Ca2+ entry, and insulin secretion from β-cells from donors without T2D. However, GlyRα1 expression and glycine-induced currents are reduced in β-cells from donors with T2D. Glycine is actively cleared by the GlyT expressed within β-cells, which store and release glycine that acts in an autocrine manner. Finally, a significant positive relationship exists between insulin and GlyR, because insulin enhances the glycine-activated current in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase–dependent manner, a positive feedback loop that we find is completely lost in β-cells from donors with T2D.
CCR7 Maintains Nonresolving Lymph Node and Adipose Inflammation in Obesity
Authors: Hellmann Jason , Sansbury Brian E. , Holden Candice R. , Tang Yunan , Wong Blenda , Wysoczynski Marcin , Rodriguez Jorge , Bhatnagar Aruni , Hill Bradford G. , Spite Matthew
Published: May 2016

Accumulation of immune cells in adipose tissue promotes insulin resistance in obesity. Although innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to adipose inflammation, the processes that sustain these interactions are incompletely understood. Here we show that obesity promotes the accumulation of CD11c+ adipose tissue immune cells that express C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in mice and humans, and that CCR7 contributes to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. We identified that CCR7+ macrophages and dendritic cells accumulate in adipose tissue in close proximity to lymph nodes (LNs) (i.e., perinodal) and visceral adipose. Consistent with the role of CCR7 in regulating the migration of immune cells to LNs, obesity promoted the accumulation of CD11c+ cells in LNs, which was prevented by global or hematopoietic deficiency of Ccr7. Obese Ccr7−/− mice had reduced accumulation of CD8+ T cells, B cells, and macrophages in adipose tissue, which was associated with reduced inflammatory signaling. This reduction in maladaptive inflammation translated to increased insulin signaling and improved glucose tolerance in obesity. Therapeutic administration of an anti-CCR7 antibody phenocopied the effects of genetic Ccr7 deficiency in mice with established obesity. These results suggest that CCR7 plays a causal role in maintaining innate and adaptive immunity in obesity.
Origins and Deep Water Exploration Potential of Natural Gases in the Offshore South China Sea
Authors: Huang Baojia , Chai Dongshen
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

More than ten gas pools in the shallow water region of the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) Basin and the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, the Offshore South China Sea have been discovered since 1983. Gases produced from QDN Basin are characterized by high contents of benzene and toluene and relatively heavy delta13C2 values (-25- -27 permil), and the associated condensates by high abundance of bicadinanes and oleanane, which indicate a good correlation with the coal-bearing sequence of the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the Basin. In contrast, the gases from PRM Basin contain lower amounts of benzene and toluene, lighter delta13C2 values(-24- -34 permil), and a widely variable concentration of bicadinane and oleanane was identified from the associated condensates, which can be largely correlated with the Lower Oligocene Enping Formation source rocks formed in swamp to shallow lake in the Basin. The available geochemical data have indicated that both the Yacheng Formation and the Enping Formation from the basins contain mainly type III-II2 kerogen with dominant gas potential. The regional geological background indicates that the deep water regions of the two basins share the same hydrocarbon source sags with the shallow-water areas, and developed massive sandstone reservoirs during Oligocene and Miocene. Fluid flowing modeling results show that the deep water regions were on the pathway of lateral migrating gases, implicating to be favorable habitats for gas accumulation. In addition, the reservoirs in the zones have developed abundant bright spots which may reflect the presence of gas. Therefore, it is believed that there are great gas exploration potentials in the deepwater regions of the Offshore South China Sea, and the combination of geochemical data with basin modeling results will help to better define favourable targeting areas and reduce risk associated with the future deepwater exploration in the basins.
Creating Value Through Energy Efficiency Assessments
Authors: Anne Rocher , Speirs Kirsty
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Total has been strongly involved in GHG emissions reduction since several years, initially focusing on flaring reduction: all new projects since 2000 are designed with no continuous flaring and more globally, flaring will be reduced by 50% from 2004 to 2012. Second step of emissions reduction is to focus on combustion: consumptions will exceed wasted energy (flares, vent, losses) in the next years as a result of actions taken to cut by half gas flaring on one hand and evolving characteristics of assets portfolio: mature fields, LNG, extra heavy oils on the other.

As part of the whole picture of Total involvement against climate change, the need to reduce energy consumption, mainly fuel gas, has led Total E&P to set up an energy efficiency action plan for affiliates and new projects.

Energy efficiency assessment methodology developed with a specialized contractor is described, with a focus on 2007 pilots: Anguille field in Gabon (mature oil field under redevelopment with flaring reduction aspect) and Elgin (North Sea gas field under European legislation) in UK. Energy assessments deployment over major Total EP affiliates in 2008 is presented. The paper will show how these assessments aim at drawing a base line, defining and implementing energy efficiency plans in affiliates through listed and ranked efficiency enhancement opportunities, also at defining best practices at corporate level, and thus proposing in the near future quantified objectives of improvement.

Energy efficiency assessment of affiliates not only leads to savings in energy consumptions, and reduction of emissions but also provide business opportunities through better products monetization. And in parallel to improvements on existing operations, a best in class design on new developments will ensure a global improvement of energy use in a near future.
Drainage Network Response to Geological Structures: A Case Study of Joya Mair Oil Field (Pakistan)
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Mahmmod Syed Amer , Gloaguen Ricahrd
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

The Joya Mair Oilfield is part of the folded and imbricated Himalayan thrust sheet in Pakistan. Its drainage networks with transverse streams intersect different geological structures at their highest structural position. This dynamic interaction can be studied by their mutual superposition and different quantitative behaviours. We use drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 90 m) digital elevation data. We use digital image processing techniques on SRTM data and already published maps to prepare lineaments database of the area. The stream power law under steady state condition can be used to calculate incision rates. We extracted 18 streams of the area in the form of longitudinal elevation profiles and catchment area profiles. Then we use this information with stream power law to calculate geomorphic indices i.e. concavity, steepness and incision rates of different stream segments. The fractal dimension of drainage network and lineaments was calculated using box counting method to understand their spatial distribution. We calculate correlation integral between lineaments and drainage to characterise their mutual relationship. We prepare rose diagrams of drainage network and lineaments to observer their individual orientations. Their similar orientation shows that the drainage network has high potential to study structural setting of the area. The derived values of concavity and steepness indices in the study area lie between 0.5 to 3.0 and 40 to 200 respectively. We mark knickpoints location on drainage network and show spatial variation in lithologies and faults distribution. We prepare geomorphic indices maps with marked knickpoints. We observed values of fractal dimension of lineaments and drainage network and comes out to be 1.21 and 1.35 respectively. These values show spatial limitations of lineaments and drainage network of the area. We calculated correlation integral between lineaments and drainage network with higher correlation in the range of 200m of lineaments. This shows that the stream network is influenced by the geological structures. The geomorphic indices maps show that it is a faulted anticline. Thus stream profile analysis can help us to understand geological features regarding oil and gas exploration and reduce the exploration risk. Remote sensing technique is a salient tool to make quick analysis in a cost effective way over all range of scales. The detailed analyses shows structure behaviour and reduce the exploration risk. The nonlinear analysis on lineaments and drainage shows the validity of the derived results.
Preserving Stored Gas Reserves: Self Repairing Cement Sheath Protects Underground Gas Storage Investment
Authors: Moroni N. , Bellabarba M. , Belleggia E. , Illuminati R. , LeRoy-Delage S.
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Underground gas storage (UGS) wells present unique challenges to well integrity. Often drilled across depleted formations that can be difficult to isolate, UGS wells are subject to cyclic stresses of injection and production as gas is stored during times of peak supply for use during times of peak demand. Repeated stress on the cement sheath and the formation in which the gas is stored can result in cement sheath damage or debonding and a loss of stored gas reserves. In addition to the loss of stored gas, the presence of surface gas leaks also poses a danger. UGS wells are placed near populated areas, where their stored energy-on-demand is most needed; as a result, any unwanted annular flows that might occur would present an unacceptable safety risk. Environmental and safety concerns often require that storage operations be suspended on wells with gas leaks to surface. This results not only in lost storage capacity, but also the additional expense of remedial operations or having to drill a new UGS well.

Our study involved the incorporation of a self-repairing sealant material as part of a large-scale UGS development in Northern and Southern Italy. To minimize the possibility of unwanted annular gas flows and the resultant loss of UGS capacity, self-healing cement (SHC) was pumped and placed as part of primary cementing operations. SHC is a unique isolation material with the built-in ability to self-repair. Whenever the cement sheath integrity is compromised by the formation of cracks or a debonding of the cement from the formation or casing (also known as microannulus), and gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon begins to flow through or around the cement sheath, SHC activates automatically, efficiently sealing leak paths and reestablishing well integrity.

In February 2007, the first deployment of SHC in Italy was performed during primary cementing operations on an UGS well. Within days, cement evaluation logs confirmed zonal isolation. SHC had effectively isolated multiple depleted reservoirs with differing formation pressures. This improved hydraulic seal prevents the loss of stored gas, as well as ensuring compliance with local regulatory requirements.

Since the start of the project, 16 wells have been successfully completed using SHC. The SHC slurry was lab tested according to recognized ISO/API procedures, and was mixed and pumped on the well site using standard cementing equipment. These wells have remained leak-free and the cement sheath has demonstrated improved zonal isolation when compared to traditional primary cementing systems.
Uncertainties Associated with Trapping Mechanism of Burgan Reserves in the Bahrah Area, Kuwait
Authors: Ahmed A.M. Manowar , Thakur Sanjeev S. , Al Owaihan Hanan
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

The Bahrah area is located on the Kuwait Arch between the giant Burgan field to the south and the Sabiriyah field to the north. An indication of oil was noticed in BH-01, the very first exploration well drilled in Kuwait as early as 1936, but exploration and delineation of Bahrah reserves progressed at a slow pace due to the complexity in structural setting, minor oil columns, widely varying contacts, reservoir qualities and uncertainties associated with seismic mapping.

Seventeen wells have been drilled in Bahrah area that penetrated Burgan intervals, but only four wells have been completed in the formation. Well data gathered to date includes wireline logs of different vintages, cores and well tests. Seismic data set comprises of 2D and 3D surveys and of reasonable quality. There are clear mismatch between observed OWC, ODT & WUT on logs, produced oils and structural closures. This may be due to uncertainties in time-depth conversion and/or trapping mechanism related to role of faults and sand geometries, which is yet to be fully understood. While oil API gravities range between 24 and 29 degrees, continuity in sand bodies across four-way closures/fault segments difficult to suggest due to spacing of the wells.

To address above uncertainties, a strategy has been devised towards data acquisition from wells to be drilled for deeper target including cores and fluids and pressure data from existing wells.
Office Ergonomics, An Effort to Reduce Msd Problem and Maintain Optimum Productivity
Authors: Kuspradiyanto Eko Susetyo , Bida Putu , Cahyono Dwi , Mansyur M.
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Realizing that office works create significant problem related to muscular-skeletal among employee, TI has initiate Office ergonomic training since July 2007.

Socialization of Office Ergonomic performed into active (training) and passive methods (dissemination Office Ergonomic guideline - hand book).

The training conducted at on-office-site, starting with small presentation, train good posture, gesture, stretching and relaxing, following with discussion, checking to employee's working station, analyzing their working station and working posture & gesture, make the documentation and guiding to do prompt and low cost improvements to get ergonomic work station.

Almost all Departments have been trained, followed by enthusiasm employees. Prompt improvements such as: re arranges of desk, positions, monitor height, laghting, working posture are participatory immediately fixed. Other findings such as; non-ergonomic chairs, non adjustable desk, room arrangements, indoor air quality, are being discussed for further action plan.

Those aboved approaches proved as the effective way to deliver Ergonomic knowledge and practice, changing non-ergonomic works style, understanding of good posture and gesture and also increase motivation to the worker to recognize, analyze and make improvements for their working station, provide better working environment, reduce MSD problem and maintain optimum productivity.
Problems of Dealing with NORM in a Country with Limited Experience of Managing Radioactive Waste
Authors: Al Handhali Juma Khalfan , Heaton Brian
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Many countries currently experiencing NORM problems are trying to handle them with limited or no national legislation to deal with them and no national radioactive waste strategy to act as guidance. The operator producing the scale has often to take the lead and produce an acceptable solution because these wastes will be active for thousands of years, long after the oil industry in the country has ceased. This paper describes the problems faced by PDO in Oman and the strategy which has been adopted to deal with them. The sources of guidance available, including current international recommendations will be considered. The difficulties faced in introducing this legislation in the absence of national legislation will be described and the lessons learnt will be outlined. The training and problems of increasing the awareness of staff and contractors will be discussed and the roles that the operator may have to take are identified. The technical problems of the lack of a local infrastructure for sample analysis and instrument calibration will be considered. Some solutions will be suggested from our experiences and the problems that may be faced in the future identified.
CO2 Management at ExxonMobil's LaBarge Field, Wyoming, USA
Authors: Parker Michael Edward , Valencia Jaime , Northrop Scott , Foglesong Bob , Duncan William Thomas
Published: May 2016

Production of natural gas from the LaBarge field in southwest Wyoming began in 1986. This gas contains high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), and from the very beginning, ExxonMobil has successfully implemented several technologies and approaches to effectively manage the substantial volumes of CO2 associated with its production. Many of the technologies and approaches used for managing CO22 at LaBarge are examples of technologies and approaches being proposed for use in carbon capture and storage (CCS) by other industries.

The Shute Creek Treating Facility (SCTF) processes the gas produced from the LaBarge field. The SCTF handles the lowest hydrocarbon content natural gas commercially produced in the world. The gas composition entering Shute Creek is 65% CO2, 21% methane, 7% nitrogen, 5% hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and 0.6% helium. The SCTF separates CO2, methane, and helium for sale and removes hydrogen sulfide for disposal.

Most of the CO2 captured at Shute Creek is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR is consistently cited as one of the most viable early opportunities for large scale implementation of CCS. ExxonMobil's LaBarge operation is the largest demonstration of this approach to CCS in the world today. Currently ExxonMobil provides 4 to 5 million tonnes per year of CO2 for EOR. Ongoing facility expansion will increase this capacity to over 7 million tonnes per year in 2010.

A concentrated acid gas stream of about 60% hydrogen sulfide and 40% CO2 is injected into a carefully selected section of the same reservoir from which it was produced, safely disposing of the hydrogen sulfide along with approximately 400,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. Other technologies and approaches that have reduced CO2 emissions include the ExxonMobil patented low BTU fuel co-generation system that substantially reduces CO2 emissions when compared to emissions from purchased power.

Cumulatively, through the application of these technologies at LaBarge, ExxonMobil will have the capacity to capture and manage over 75% of the CO2 produced from the LaBarge field.
Case Studies on Simulation of Wax Deposition in Pipelines
Authors: Pan Shu , Zhu Jack , Zhang Dan , Razouki Ali , Talbot Mike , Wierzchowski Scott
Published: May 2016

The problem cased by wax deposition during production and transportation of waxy oil has been receiving an increasing attention from the industry, especially with the off-shore projects expansion recently. Due to the high cost of those projects, an accurate modelling on wax precipitation and deposition is imperatively required to facilitate the design, development, and operation of those projects. While the wax precipitation models depict the thermodynamic behaviour of waxy oil, the modelling of wax deposition in production facilities and pipelines focuses on how soon wax would accumulate. The wax deposition simulation appears to be a more challenging task due to the high complexity and limited measured data available in the open literature. In this work, a compositional simulator is introduced to simulate the wax deposition in a pipeline. This model is founded on a thermodynamics model from our previous work and equipped with major wax deposition mechanisms as well as tuning function. Through four case studies, the model, with its prediction and tuning capability, has demonstrated a practical tool in flow assurance simulation. The results also suggest that a promising methodology can be applied in flow assurance study when the simulator is tuned with measurements from the high pressure deposition cell.