bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axillary Artery Dissection and Thrombosis after Closed Proximal Humerus Fracture – a Rare Interdisciplinary Challenge
Authors: Razaeian Sam , Rustum Saad , Sonnow Lena , Meller Rupert , Krettek Christian , Hawi Nael
Published: September 2019

Background Proximal humerus fractures account for 4 – 6% of all fractures and are a common result of low-energy trauma in the elderly. Concomitant neurovascular injury of the neighboring axillary artery and brachial plexus is a rarity, but has enormous impact on therapy, rehabilitation and prognosis. Diagnosis of axillary artery injury may be delayed due to its varied clinical presentation and lead to prolonged ischemia, distal necrosis and even loss of limb. Thorough clinical examination, high suspicion and identification of known predictors can be helpful in early diagnosis of this rare injury.

Patients/Material and Methods We report a case of an intoxicated 76-year-old male who sustained a dislocated proximal humerus fracture, resulting in concomitant brachial plexopathy and axillary artery dissection with secondary thrombosis after a low-energy fall from standing height. Due to mistriage as a neurological emergency the somnolent patient presented under delayed circumstances at our traumatological emergency department, demonstrating pain, paleness, paralysis, paresthesia and non-palpable wrist pulses. Diagnosis was made through high suspicion after clinical examination with the aid of CT angiography. Emergent open reduction and anatomic shoulder hemiarthroplasty was performed followed by axillobrachial interposition grafting using a reversed saphenous vein graft and brachial plexus exploration.

Results The surgical treatments were uncomplicated. The affected limb remains viable at 6-week follow-up; however, active shoulder function is limited due to residual brachial plexopathy.

Conclusion Despite early diagnosis and management of this rare injury, the prognosis for functional recovery is guarded and largely dictated by the extent of neurological injury in the setting of concomitant brachial plexopathy. Brachial plexopathy is highly associated with axillary artery injury and its impact often underestimated in comparison due to its non-limb-threatening nature in the acute setting. Future studies should focus on the long-term prognosis for functional recovery in patients with this rare injury pattern.
Outcome of an “Enhanced Recovery” Program in Contemporary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Germany
Authors: Kutzner Karl Philipp , Meyer Alexander , Bausch Marie , Schneider Michael , Rehbein Philipp , Drees Philipp , Pfeil Joachim
Published: September 2019

Background An inpatient hospital stay of up to 10 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is still common in Germany, mostly followed by inpatient rehabilitation. Internationally already widespread concepts for enhanced recovery are increasingly gaining popularity in Germany.

Objectives The presentation of content and results of a newly implemented enhanced recovery concept in THA.

Materials and Methods In this single-center, prospective observational study of a consecutive patient collective of a single surgeon, between January 2016 and July 2016, 103 short-stem THA patients were enrolled and treated using a newly introduced enhanced recovery concept. After 6 weeks and 6 months clinical examination was performed regarding function, pain, satisfaction and possible complications.

Results The goal of discharge on day 4 after operation was reached in 61.2% of the patients with a mean postoperative inpatient stay of 4.9 days. After 6 weeks and 6 months respectively, excellent clinical results were achieved with high patient satisfaction. The complication rate was found to be low. Mean hemoglobin concentration decreased by 2.1 g/dl. A fissure of the femur below the implant healed conservatively applying no weight bearing for a total of 6 weeks. A pulmonary embolism that occurred during rehabilitation was also successfully treated. After 6 months one case showed a bursitis trochanterica.

Conclusions Inpatient length of stay can be reduced by enhanced recovery concepts without increasing the risks to patients. Thus, in Germany these concepts will be applied increasingly.
Advances and Controversies in Thoracentesis and Medical Thoracoscopy
Authors: Puchalski Jonathan
Published: September 2019

Pleural effusions are common and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Whereas thoracentesis can assist in achieving a diagnosis or therapy, advances in education and in the technique may prevent morbidity associated with the procedure. Medical thoracoscopy is often useful for undiagnosed effusions, as well as for therapeutic purposes. There is much enthusiasm about techniques for biopsies that extend beyond forceps. These include biopsies using a diathermic knife as well as cryoprobes. Similarly, adhesiolysis or other techniques to improve therapy in multiloculated effusions using medical thoracoscopy are contested. This review attempts to synthesize recent advances and controversies in thoracentesis and medical thoracoscopy as clinicians head into the next decade of treatment.
Osteogenic Differentiation and Biocompatibility of Bovine Teeth Scaffold with Rat Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Sari Desi Sandra , Maduratna Ernie , Latief Fourier Dzar Eljabbar , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Sudiana Ketut , Rantam Fedik Abdul ,   Ferdiansyah,   Satuman
Published: September 2019

Objective Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine. These have been combined with biomaterials such as Bovine teeth that are preferred as a periodontal regeneration material. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze a biocompatibility test and osteogenic differentiation of bovine teeth scaffold seeded with ADMSCs in vitro.

Materials and Methods A true experimental study with post-test only group design was conducted. Random sampling and Lameshow's formula were used to determine the sample. The scaffold, obtained from bovine teeth as the bone graft material, was analyzed using 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and its attachment was evaluated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography with ADMSCs. ADMDSCs attachment present in the bovine teeth scaffold was assessed using SEM at 1-hour, 12-hour, and 24-hour intervals.

Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance was used to analyze the MTT assay results (p < 0.05) based on normality and homogeneity test (p > 0.05).

Results The highest viability of cells (97.08%) was found at a concentration of 10% by means of an MTT test (p < 0.05). The results of three-dimensional bovine teeth scaffold showed the average particle size to be 500 µm. ADMSCs cell attachment to the scaffold bovine teeth showed a significant increase in the number of cells attached after 24 hours compared with those at 1 and 12 hours. Alizarin red staining showed an increase in ADMSC osteogenic differentiation after it was combined with bovine teeth scaffold.

Conclusion The scaffold from bovine teeth is biocompatible and accelerates osteogenic differentiation of ADMSC.
Pleural Disease in Women
Authors: Argento Angela Christine , Gillespie Colin T.
Published: September 2019

There are several pleural diseases that occur either predominantly or exclusively in females. Most of these entities are related to obstetric or gynecological conditions. In this article, we will provide an overview of Meigs' syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, endometriosis, catamenial pneumothorax, catamenial hemothorax, pleural effusions that occur in the peripartum period, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and malignant pleural effusions related to breast cancer. As most of these diagnoses are rare, considerable expertise is required to identify, diagnose, and manage these patients. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the most common forms of pleural disease affecting women, and to provide an easy reference source on current best practice.
Factors Important in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship Program Selection
Authors: Lozada Kirkland N. , Bloom Jason D.
Published: September 2019

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) training programs offer exceptional exposure to the most current techniques in the field. However, applicants have many factors to weigh when ranking programs. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that applicants believe to be the most critical when choosing an FPRS fellowship. This is an anonymous online survey of FPRS fellows between the years 2018 and 2020 (total 147). Respondents were asked to rate importance of program factors on a Likert scale (1–5). Of 147 applicants, 63 (43%) responded. Applicants found the type of practice, academic or private, equally important, with score averages of 3.02 and 3.25, respectively. The two most important program factors to applicants were exposure to the business of medicine/practice management (3.94) and location (3.4). The two most important areas of surgical exposure include rhinoplasty (4.54) and aging face (4.44). Of 63 applicants, 41 (65%) were interested in private practice, with 51% seeking a facial plastics/plastic reconstructive surgery group setting versus solo practice, general otolaryngology group, or dermatology group practice. Of 61 applicants, 48 (76%) wanted a mix of cosmetic/reconstructive surgery in their first 5 years of practice. Finally, applicants were not interested (average: 1.94) in keeping general otolaryngology as part of their practice. Applicants want strong exposure to the business of medicine, rhinoplasty, aging face, all while in their preferred location. Additionally, the majority of applicants seek employment in a plastic surgery focused group practice, with the sole focus being the breadth of FPRS.
Giant Schwannoma of the Median Nerve: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chaves Jennyfer Paulla Galdino , Sousa Luis Henrique Albuquerque , Cirino Emanuella Roberta Iná , Marques Robinson Antonio Menegotto
Published: September 2019

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) develop sporadically or are associated with genetic disorders and affect individuals mainly between the third and sixth decades of life. PNST affect one or multiple fascicles. The benign ones have slow and painless growth, preceding in years the diagnosis. Diagnosis is often confused with other soft tissue tumors, such as fibroids and lipomas. We present a rare case of giant schwannoma of the median nerve. The patient had a progressive local growth with minimal neurological impairment.
Case Report of Rare Case of Cardiac Variant of Fabry’s Disease in a 2-Year-Old Child
Authors: Akidi Goutham
Published: September 2019

Fabry’s disease is caused by progressive lysosomal accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids, primarily globotriaosylceramide. It results from deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A, which is encoded by GLA on the X chromosome. Usually it presents in children as the classic variant, and the cardiac variant is extremely rare. Before labeling as cardiac variant in infants and children we should rule out other causes of the cardiac hypertrophy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction like metabolic causes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infants, Noonan’s syndrome, and nesidioblastosis.

We report a case of cardiac variant of Fabry’s disease in a 2-year-old male child. On evaluation he is found to have cardiac hypertrophy with no other features of Fabry’s disease, with low α galactosidase levels with no other systemic and syndromic features, which is an extremely rare presentation.
Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions—What Is New
Authors: Thomas Rajesh , Roy Bapti , Maldonado Fabien , Lee Y.C. Gary
Published: September 2019

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common and challenging problem. Patients affected by MPE have a poor prognosis and suffer from breathlessness and impaired quality of life. The management of MPE has barely changed for many decades; however, recent research has driven new paradigms in the diagnosis and treatment of MPE and stimulated novel concepts that are being evaluated in many ongoing studies. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the diagnosis of MPE, including new cytopathology and imaging techniques, and the landmark studies that provide a solid evidence base to support the use of indwelling pleural catheters as first-line treatment in MPE. Lingering management dilemmas, including optimal chest drainage tube and role of surgery in MPE, and key knowledge gaps that are the focus of ongoing research are also highlighted.
Advocacy group effects in global governance: populations, strategies, and political opportunity structures
Authors: Dellmuth Lisa M. , Bloodgood Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2019

Global governance is no longer a matter of state cooperation or bureaucratic politics. Since the end of the cold war, advocacy groups have proliferated and enjoyed increasing access to global governance institutions such as the European Union, World Trade Organization, and the United Nations climate conferences. This special issue seeks to push theories of interest groups and international non-governmental organizations forward. We argue that the advocacy group effects on global governance institutions are best understood by examining how groups use and shape domestic and global political opportunity structures. The individual articles examine how, when, and why domestic and global political opportunity structures shape advocacy group effects in global governance, across global institutions, levels of government, advocacy organizations, issue areas, and over time. As special interests are becoming increasingly involved in global governance, we need to better understand how advocacy organizations may impact global public goods provision.
Hydrodynamic interactions dominate the structure of active swimmers’ pair distribution functions
Authors: Schwarzendahl Fabian Jan , Mazza Marco G.
Published: September 2019

Microswimmers often exhibit surprising patterns due to the nonequilibrium nature of their dynamics. Collectively, suspensions of microswimmers appear as a liquid whose properties set it apart from its passive counterpart. To understand the impact of hydrodynamic interactions on the basic statistical features of a microswimmer’s liquid, we investigate its structure by means of the pair distribution function. We perform particle-based simulations of microswimmers that include steric effects, shape anisotropy, and hydrodynamic interactions. We find that hydrodynamic interactions considerably alter the orientation-dependent pair distribution function compared to purely excluded-volume models like active Brownian particles and generally decrease the structure of the liquid. Depletion regions are dominant at lower filling fractions, while at larger filling fraction, the microswimmer liquid develops a stronger first shell of neighbors in specific directions, while losing structure at larger distances. Our work is a first step toward a statistico-mechanical treatment of the structure of microswimmer suspensions.
Camera-aided autocollimation approach for increasing the effective measurement range of a photoelectric collimator
Authors: Liu Y. , Meng F. , Ye D. , Qi N.
Published: September 2019

A camera aided autocollimation (CAAC) system is proposed to enhance the working range of a photoelectric collimator (PEC). This system consists of a camera surrounded by point light sources (LSs), a PEC, a rotary table, and a translation stage. As the tilt angle of the target varies, the intensity of the light from the LSs that is reflected by the target and received by the camera exhibits two symmetric peaks. The camera guides the target into the scope of the PEC by scanning these two peaks. This CAAC approach can automatically collimate a prism with an edge length of 10 mm and an initial tilt angle of 5° at a working range of 1.5 m. The error of the coarse collimation at 99.7% confidence is 602″.
Spatial frequency domain correlation mapping optical coherence tomography for nanoscale structural characterization
Authors: Alexandrov Sergey , McNamara Paul M. , Das Nandan , Zhou Yi , Lynch Gillian , Hogan Josh , Leahy Martin
Published: September 2019

Most of the fundamental pathological processes in living tissues exhibit changes at the nanoscale. Noninvasive, label-free detection of structural changes in biological samples pose a significant challenge to both researchers and healthcare professionals. It is highly desirable to be able to resolve these structural changes, during physiological processes, both spatially and temporally. Modern nanoscopy largely requires labeling, is limited to superficial 2D imaging, and is generally not suitable for in vivo applications. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly evident that 2D biology often does not translate into the real 3D situation. Here, we present a method, spatial frequency domain correlation mapping optical coherence tomography (sf-cmOCT), for detection of depth resolved nanoscale structural changes noninvasively. Our approach is based on detection and correlation of the depth resolved spectra of axial spatial frequencies of the object which are extremely sensitive to structural alterations. The presented work describes the principles of this approach and demonstrates its feasibility by monitoring internal structural changes within objects, including human skin in vivo. Structural changes can be visualized at each point in the sample in space from a single image or over time using two or more images. These experimental results demonstrate possibilities for the study of nanoscale structural changes, without the need for biomarkers or labels. Thus, sf-cmOCT offers exciting and far-reaching opportunities for early disease diagnosis and treatment response monitoring, as well as a myriad of applications for researchers.
Measurement of Van der Waals force using oscillating optical tweezers
Authors: Kundu Avijit , Paul Shuvojit , Banerjee Soumitro , Banerjee Ayan
Published: September 2019

We employ oscillating optical tweezers as a probe to measure the surface forces between polystyrene and silica. Thus, we modulate a trapped polystyrene particle with an external sinusoidal force in close proximity (∼80 nm) of a silica surface. The particle motion is influenced by several factors which include an increased drag force according to Faxen's correction, a spurious force that comes into play due to the diffusion coefficient of the medium becoming position dependent, and finally, the London-Van der Waals (LVdW) force which becomes substantial when the particle approaches the surface. By accounting for the other forces from the analytically known results, we are able to directly quantify the LVdW force from the experimentally measured amplitude of the oscillating particle. Thereby, we determine the Hamaker constant H for the LVdW force between polystyrene and silica, and obtain a good agreement with the value reported in the literature. Our method is general in nature and can be extended toward probing other surface effects or other interaction forces using oscillating optical tweezers.
Drift-diffusion (DrDiff) framework determines kinetics and thermodynamics of two-state folding trajectory and tunes diffusion models
Authors: Freitas Frederico Campos , Lima Angelica Nakagawa , Contessoto Vinícius de Godoi , Whitford Paul C. , Oliveira Ronaldo Junio de
Published: September 2019

The stochastic drift-diffusion (DrDiff) theory is an approach used to characterize the dynamical properties of simulation data. With new features in transition times analyses, the framework characterized the thermodynamic free-energy profile [F(Q)], the folding time (τf), and transition path time (τTP) by determining the coordinate-dependent drift-velocity [v(Q)] and diffusion [D(Q)] coefficients from trajectory time traces. In order to explore the DrDiff approach and to tune it with two other methods (Bayesian analysis and fep1D algorithm), a numerical integration of the Langevin equation with known D(Q) and F(Q) was performed and the inputted coefficients were recovered with success by the diffusion models. DrDiff was also applied to investigate the prion protein (PrP) kinetics and thermodynamics by analyzing folding/unfolding simulations. The protein structure-based model, the well-known Go¯-model, was employed in a coarse-grained Cα level to generate long constant-temperature time series. PrP was chosen due to recent experimental single-molecule studies in D and τTP that stressed the importance and the difficulty of probing these quantities and the rare transition state events related to prion misfolding and aggregation. The PrP thermodynamic double-well F(Q) profile, the “X” shape of τf(T), and the linear shape of τTP(T) were predicted with v(Q) and D(Q) obtained by the DrDiff algorithm. With the advance of single-molecule techniques, the DrDiff framework might be a useful ally for determining kinetic and thermodynamic properties by analyzing time observables of biomolecular systems. The code is freely available at https://github.com/ronaldolab/DrDiff.
Impacts of low concentration surfactant on red blood cell dielectrophoretic responses
Authors: Habibi Sanaz , Lee Hwi Yong , Moncada-Hernandez Hector , Gooding James , Minerick Adrienne R.
Published: September 2019

Cell dielectrophoretic responses have been extensively studied for biomarker expression, blood typing, sepsis, circulating tumor cell separations, and others. Surfactants are often added to the analytical buffer in electrokinetic cellular microfluidic systems to lower surface/interfacial tensions. In nonelectrokinetic systems, surfactants influence cell size, shape, and agglomeration; this has not been systematically documented in electrokinetic systems. In the present work, the impacts of the Triton X-100 surfactant on human red blood cells (RBCs) were explored via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) to compare nonelectrokinetic and electrokinetic responses, respectively. The UV-Vis spectra of Triton X-100 treated RBCs were dramatically different from that of native RBCs. DEP responses of RBCs were compared to RBCs treated with low concentrations of Triton X-100 (0.07–0.17 mM) to ascertain surfactant effects on dielectric properties. A star-shaped electrode design was used to quantify RBC dielectric properties by fitting a single-shell oblate cell model to experimentally-derived DEP spectra. The presence of 0.07 and 0.11 mM of Triton X-100 shifted the RBC’s DEP spectra yielding lower crossover frequencies (fCO). The single-shell oblate model revealed that cell radius and membrane permittivity are the dominant influencers of DEP spectral shifts. The trends observed were similar for 0.11 mM and 0.07 mM Triton X-100 treated cells. However, a further increase of Triton X-100 to 0.17 mM caused cells to only exhibit negative DEP. The magnitude of the DEP force increased with Triton X-100 concentration. This work indicates that dynamic surfactant interactions with cell membranes alter cell dielectric responses and properties.
Laminar flow in microfluidics investigated by spatially-resolved soft X-ray absorption and infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Nagasaka Masanari , Yuzawa Hayato , Takada Noriko , Aoyama Masaki , Rühl Eckart , Kosugi Nobuhiro
Published: September 2019

The application of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to liquid cells based on microfluidics for chemical state analysis of light elements is much more difficult than hard X-ray absorption since soft X-rays cannot deeply penetrate a microfluidic cell. In this study, we have newly developed a microfluidic cell for spatially resolved XAS, where a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane is used for the measurement window to transmit soft X-rays for keeping the microfluidic flow at a width and depth of 50 µm. The π* peak of pyridine near the N K-edge XAS shows characteristic energy shifts near the liquid-liquid interface in a laminar flow of pyridine and water. The distributions of the molar fractions of pyridine and water near the liquid-liquid interface have been determined from the energy shifts of the π* peak probed at different geometric positions, where pyridine is mixed in the water part of the laminar flow and vice versa. The spatial distribution of both species has also been studied by infrared microscopy, using the same microfluidic setup. The present work clearly shows that these spectroscopic techniques are easily applicable to chemical and biological reactions prepared by microfluidics.
Shock compression/release of magnesium single crystals along a low-symmetry orientation: Role of basal slip
Authors: Renganathan P. , Gupta Y. M.
Published: September 2019

To gain insights into the relative contributions of different plastic deformation mechanisms, particularly basal slip, for shocked hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals, magnesium (Mg) single crystals were subjected to shock compression and release along a low-symmetry (LS) orientation to 1.9 and 4.8 GPa elastic impact stresses. LS-axis is a “nonspecific” direction resulting in propagation of quasilongitudinal and quasishear waves. Wave profiles, measured using laser interferometry, show a small elastic wave followed by two plastic waves in compression; release wave profiles exhibited a structured response for the higher stress and a smooth response for the lower stress. The LS-axis wave profiles are significantly different than profiles published previously for c- and a-axes, demonstrating that Mg single crystals exhibit strong anisotropy under shock compression/release. Numerical simulations, using a time-dependent anisotropic modeling framework, show that shock wave loading along the LS-axis involves the simultaneous operation of multiple deformation mechanisms. Shock compression along LS-axis is dominated by basal slip while prismatic slip and pyramidal I {101¯1}⟨112¯3⟩ slip play a smaller role; coupling between longitudinal and shear deformations was observed. The unloading response is dominated by basal slip with some contribution from prismatic slip; pyramidal I slip is not activated. The present results, unlike results obtained for c- and a-axes, show that the deformation mechanism observed under quasistatic loading conditions along LS-axis is not sufficient to determine the shock response along this orientation. Although requiring numerical simulations for wave analysis, shock propagation along a LS-orientation provides new insights into the plastic deformation response of hcp metal single crystals.
Picosecond nonlinear spintronic dynamics investigated by terahertz emission spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Bo , Shan Shengyu , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Chun , Pandey Chandan , Nie Tianxiao , Zhao Weisheng , Li Yutong , Miao Jungang , Wang Li
Published: September 2019

We demonstrate a control of spin-polarized currents and a nonlinear response to the excited state of magnetic films through measuring the terahertz waves generated by illuminating a W/CoFeB/Pt structure with a pair of femtosecond laser pulses. By changing the delay time of the two laser pulses, the waveforms and spectra of the terahertz waves are efficiently modulated. The terahertz wave generated by one pulse is obviously influenced by the other. The experimental results can be explained by a microscopic three-temperature model, which serves as proof for spin-flip scattering contributing to ultrafast demagnetization. Our experiment offers a new method for the investigation of ultrafast magnetism and terahertz spintronics.
Structural changes in chlorine-substituted SbSI
Authors: Sereika R. , Žaltauskas R. , Lapeika V. , Stanionytė S. , Juškėnas R.
Published: September 2019

The antimony sulphoiodide (SbSI) is considered a prospective and important ferroelectric material due to its unique properties below Curie temperature Tc. However, the fact that current practical applications require higher working temperatures has prompted new structural improvements that extend the ferroelectric state. In this ternary system, Tc is highly sensitive to any chemical modifications or stress. Therefore, one way to adjust the Tc is through selective substitution of the constituent elements. In this work, SbSI has been fractionally chlorine-substituted at the iodine site and examined using temperature-dependent x-ray diffraction and specific heat capacity methods. Although a considerable increase in Tc has been achieved, a more detailed analysis shows that the Tc increases with x from 0 to 0.2 and starts to decrease when x > 0.2. The maximum Tc increase in the range of x = 0–0.3 is ∼15.3%. The reverse behavior, from increase to decrease, is thoroughly discussed with reference to the previously published data on SbSI1-xClx compounds.
Terahertz differential absorption spectroscopy using multifurcated subnanosecond microchip laser
Authors: Takida Yuma , Ikeo Toshiyuki , Nawata Kouji , Wada Yoshio , Higashi Yasuhiro , Minamide Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

Using spectral multifurcated oscillations in a passively Q-switched microchip laser, we demonstrate frequency-domain differential absorption spectroscopy in the terahertz (THz) frequency region. Within a single quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) excitation, a microchip laser comprising a 7-mm-long Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG composite ceramic provides up to three subnanosecond pulses with a 1064-nm wavelength and a 50-Hz QCW repetition rate. We have observed that the longitudinal mode of double and triple pulses shows stable bifurcation and trifurcation, respectively, induced by a spatial hole burning effect within the laser cavity. These pulses are directly used to drive an injection-seeded THz-wave parametric generator based on a MgO-doped LiNbO3 crystal, thereby generating up to three monochromatic, self-frequency-switched THz-wave pulses separated from each other in frequency by a free spectral range of the laser cavity. By precisely tuning one of the THz-wave frequencies to the gas absorption line, multifurcated THz-wave pulses facilitate the measurement of differential absorption signals every 20 ms without any active frequency modulation. We also show that first- and second-order derivative spectra of gas absorption can be derived from a single frequency sweep of multifurcated pulses without a reference spectrum and computational derivation. Our approach paves the way toward realization of a THz differential absorption lidar for use in fast gas sensing applications.
Gaining new insight into the thermal collapse of magnetic skyrmions
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: September 2019

How new information on the longevity of skyrmions is paving the way for their application in memory storage.
Integration of energy and protein transactions in the body to build new tools for predicting performance and body composition of ruminants
Authors: Oddy V. H. , Dougherty H. C. , Oltjen J. W.
Published: September 2019

Increased market pressure to improve meat yield and quality require improved methods of predicting body composition in growing animals. Current systems of animal nutrition based on nutrient supply and animal characteristics predict animal growth from nutrient inputs, but, as of yet, do not accurately predict body composition. The present paper explores the evidence and data required to support an existing model of the effects of energy intake on visceral and muscle protein mass and energy expenditure to predict heat production, growth and body composition of sheep. While parameters of the model related to energetic costs of protein in muscle and viscera can be supported by independent studies, parameters associated with energetic costs of protein gain, particularly in viscera, are harder to reconcile with independent measurements. The range of available data on systematic changes in visceral organ mass over time in response to feed intake is limited, which may constrain generalisation of the parameters of the model with regard to the wide range of production situations faced by the sheep and cattle industries. However, sufficient data exist in the literature to test, and if required, revise the current framework.
Dietary protein reduction improves the energetic and amino acid efficiency in lactating sows
Authors: Zhang Sai , Trottier Nathalie L.
Published: September 2019

Strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of swine production are essential to contribute to the sustainability of the swine industry. Our work has focussed on the area of dietary crude-protein (CP) reduction with crystalline amino acid (CAA) supplementation to create diets containing a near ‘ideal’ amino acid (AA) balance, and to assess the environmental impact of feeding these diets to lactating sows. Additionally, with an increasing availability of CAA at competitive costs relative to feed-ingredient proteins, precise prediction of requirements of the less traditionally limiting AA such as histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and valine are ever more relevant. Prediction of AA requirements using modelling approaches is dependent on accurate estimates of AA efficiency of utilisation for milk-protein production. Aggressive reduction in dietary CP and CAA supplementation to improve dietary AA balance minimises urea-nitrogen (N) synthesis, N excretion and ammonia emission, without compromising lactation performance. Improving dietary AA balance increases energy, global N and AA efficiency of utilisation for milk production, and, in some cases, increases true milk protein and casein yield in peak lactation. The mechanisms by which enhanced AA balance improves nutrient efficiency include potentially increased extraction rate of AA by the mammary gland and reduced heat production. Individual AA efficiencies are dynamic, and, thus, estimating their maximum biological efficiency value (MBEV) is of critical importance for accurate prediction of AA requirements. We have estimated MBEV for each individual AA. Future dietary formulations using reduced CP diets to minimise N excretion and ammonia emission will require AA requirements based on MBEV estimates.
Australian medical mycology culture collections: fundamental resources for mycological diagnosis and research
Authors: Meyer Wieland , Arthur Ian , Ellis David , Kan Alex , Kidd Sarah , Maszewska Krystina , Weeks Kerry
Published: September 2019

Currently in Australia, there are four major medical mycology culture collections that form a close collaborative network. They provide fundamental resources for diagnosis and research and are part of the World Federation of Culture Collections.
Usefulness of raw bioelectrical impedance parameters in tracking fluid shifts in judo athletes
Authors: Silva Analiza M. , Nunes Catarina L. , Matias Catarina N. , Rocha Paulo M. , Minderico Cláudia S. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Lukaski Henry , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: September 2019

Bioelectrical impedance (BI) has been widely used but clarification about the behaviour of raw BI measurements under specific athletic conditions is required. Thus, we determined the usefulness of raw BI measures in tracking body fluids changes during the preparation period prior to competition in elite Judo athletes. At baseline (weight stability), 27 male athletes were evaluated (23.2 ± 2.8y) and again 1–3 days before competition (∼1–2 months apart). Athletes were free to gain/lost weight based upon specific competition needs. Using dilution techniques (deuterium and bromide), total‐body water (TBW) and extracellular water were estimated, and intracellular water calculated as TBW minus extracellular water. Body fluid distribution was determined as Extra‐to‐/Intracellular water (E/I). Fat and fat‐free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Resistance, reactance, and phase angle (PhA) were obtained from bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (50‐kHz frequency). No differences in raw BI measures were observed between athletes that lost (N = 17) or gain weight (N = 10), except for fat, FFM, extracellular water, and EI (p < 0.05). After adjusting for FFM and height, resistance explained TBW (β = −0.047, p = 0.002) and extracelular water (β = −0.025, p = 0.001). Reactance explained ECW (β = −0.098, p = 0.004) and EI (β = −0.004, p = 0.006), while PhA predicted TBW (β = 1.609, p = 0.047), ICW (β = 1.899, p = 0.001) and EI (β = −0.056, p = 0.001). Regardless of body composition changes, athletes who increase reactance and resistance reduced extracellular water and body fluids while those who raised PhA increased intracellular water. Judo athletes who reduced weight, decreased FFM but cellular health was not compromised, as PhA remained stable and, consequently, cell hydration.
Numerical Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Navier’s Slip Visco Nanofluid Flow Induced by Rotating Disk with Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Awais M. , Bilal S. , Malik M. Y. , Khalil-ur-Rehman
Published: September 2019

Current exertion is made to depict and search out the flow features imparted to viscid fluid flow over a rotational disk. Impression of magnetic field with rotating fluid is generated by interacting it in radial direction. Nano structured particles with magnetized fluid are also incorporated in the upshot of chemical reaction and absorptive/generative heat induction. Von Kumaran procedure is executed to obtain flow narrating differential expressions. Flow pattern regarding thermal, momentum profiles are comprehended with the support of shooting method and Runge-Kutta methods. Furthermore, to get more realistic view of result description computational algorithm is modified by improving Runge-Kutta coefficients with Cash and Carp method. The aspects of flow controlling parameters like momentum slip parameter, magnetic strength parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter are adorned in sketches. Findings of these architects are accumulated in conclusion section.
Comparison Between

χ

2

and Bayesian Statistics with Considering the Redshift Dependence of Stretch and Color from JLA Data
Authors: Zhao Ze
Published: September 2019

In this work, we compare the impacts given by

χ

2

statistics and Bayesian statistics. Bayesian statistics is a new statistical method proposed by [C. Ma, P. S. Corasaniti, and B. A. Bassett, arXiv:1603.08519[astro-ph.CO](2016)] recently, which gives a fully account for the standard-candle parameter dependence of the data covariance matrix. For this two statistical methods, we explore the possible redshift-dependence of stretch-luminosity parameter α and color-luminosity parameter β by using redshift tomography. By constraining the ΛCDM model, we check the consistency of cosmology-fit results given by the SN sample of each redshift bin. We also adopt the linear parametrization to explore the possible evolution of α and β and the deceleration parameter q(z) for CPL, JBP, BA and Wang models. We find that: (i) Using the full JLA data, at high redshift α has a trend of decreasing at more than 1.5σ confidence level (CL), and β has a significant trend of decreasing at more than 19σ CL. (ii) Compared with

χ

2

statistics (constant α, β) and Bayesian statistics (constant α, β), Bayesian statistics (linear α and β) yields a larger best-fit value of fractional matter density

Ω

m
0

from JLA+CMB+GC data, which is much closer to slightly deviates from the best-fit result given by other cosmological observations. (iii) The figure of merit (FoM) given by JLA+CMB+GC data from Bayesian statistics is also larger than the FoM from

χ

2

statistics, which indicates that former statistics has a better accuracy. (iv) q(z) given by both statistical methods favor an eternal cosmic acceleration at 1σ CL.
Dark Energy Phenomenon from Backreaction Effect
Authors: Yao Yan-Hong , Meng Xin-He
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we interpret the dark energy phenomenon as an averaged effect caused by small scale inhomogeneities of the universe with the use of the spatial averaged approach of Buchert. Two models are considered here, one of which assumes that the backreaction term

Q

D

and the averaged spatial Ricci scalar

〈
R

〉

D

obey the scaling laws of the volume scale factor

a

D

at adequately late times, and the other one adopts the ansatz that the backreaction term

Q

D

is a constant in the recent universe. Thanks to the effective geometry introduced by Larena et al. in their previous work, we confront these two backreaction models with latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter observations, coming out with the results that the constant backreaction model is slightly favoured over the other model and the best fitting backreaction term in the scaling backreaction model behaves almost like a constant. Also, the numerical results show that the constant backreaction model predicts a smaller expansion rate and decelerated expansion rate than the other model does at redshifts higher than about 1, and both backreaction terms begin to accelerate the universe at a redshift around 0.5.
Scale-Invariance Exists in the Series of Character Intervals in the Four Great Chinese Novels*
Authors: Gu Quan-Chao , Qin Gui-Qiu , Wang Yi-Qing , Gu Chang-Gui , Yang Hui-Jie
Published: September 2019

The scale-invariance behavior has been widely observed in English or other phonetic language texts. In the present study, we examine whether the semantic language, Chinese can also show this behavior. Typically, the scale-invariance behavior is examined in the series of character intervals for the four great Chinese novels by a method of detrended fluctuation analysis. We observe that the scale-invariance behavior characterized by a scaling exponent around 0.60 exists in each novel. Moreover, we divide each novel into three parts with equal number of chapters, and we also observe the existence of scale-invariance in the interval series for each part. Interestingly, we find that there is evident difference in the scaling exponents between the first (or second) part and the third part in the novel of A dream of red mansions, and the difference between parts is not evident for the other three novels. Our observation suggests that there are two writing styles in A dream of red mansions, which are consistent with current prevailing view that the first 80 chapters and the last 40 chapters were accomplished by Xueqin Cao and E Gao, respectively. Our method may shed light on the identification of writing styles in written texts.
Implementation of Information Portals in Lambeugak Village, Kuta Cot Glie, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province
Authors: Munawir  , Erdiwansyah  , Makmur T
Published: September 2019

The development of information technology is increasingly rapid, then new ideas emerge in the world of information technology, for example in information delivery of information in an area is a very important service to be conveyed by village officials to each community. Considering the need for news information quickly, it requires technology to create an information portal system that can be used for the delivery of information to every community so that the community can quickly see the information. The purpose of this study was to implement an information portal in the village of LambeugakKuta Cot Glie, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province. After conducting the research, it was obtained the results that the implementation of the information portal made it easier for the community to obtain internal and external information about the village, because it could easily open the portal website, besides important information the community could also see the number of people in the village of lambeugak. The information portal also provides facilities to view village projects that have been done, so this portal is used for information, but can also be used to backup project data in the village.
Web-based canteen payment system with RFID technology
Authors: Lissa’idah Lia , Rosid Mochamad Alfan , Fitrani Arif Senja
Published: September 2019

The development of Modern Technology is very fast, along with the existence of paper money as a global exchange instrument used as a means of payment began to be replaced by magnetic card cards. The process of payment at the Bilingual Krian Canteen Krian Still Less Efficient, causing quite long queues that cause feelings of uncomfortable, complicated change change makes the transaction process becomes longer and change money in the form of unequal amount of candy. To overcome the problem required a system that is expected to solve the problem, where the RFID card can be used as a means of payment to replace cash. General system design includes design flowchart, context diagram, data flow diagram, relationships between tables and design output or system design and detailed design includes database design. The system created aims to design a Payment system. It consists of several components namely RFID card and reader. The test results of this system when RFID closer to the reader then the system will display data in accordance with the data received from the RFID and can make a transaction. The read distance of each RFID to the reader after 5 times is 6 cm. On the barrier or object determines the success of data readings detected or not. This RFID payment system is potentially good enough to be applied in the Canteen environment.
Gender and Language Course Participation Differences in the University Students’ Self-Efficacy of TOEFL
Authors: Yoestara Marisa , Putri Zaiyana
Published: September 2019

This study focuses on reporting the differences in gender and TOEFL course participation in the university students’ self-efficacy of answering TOEFL questions. The design of this study is descriptive design with the total sample of 200 university students, both English and Non-English major from two big universities in Aceh, Syiah Kuala University and Serambi Mekkah University. In collecting the data, a specially designed self-efficacy questionnaire was used to find out the university students’ personal data, including gender and TOEFL course participation as well as their level of self-efficacy. Furthermore, to analyze the data, t-test was used to find out the differences in gender (female and male) and TOEFL course participation (yes/no). The result revealed that in terms of gender, there was no statistical difference as the as p=.58 (p >.05). However, there was a statistically significant different in language course participation, in which p=.039 (p <.05).
The Modified Micro Environment Beans (Fabaceae) Storage and Effect to Behavior of Callosobruchusmaculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Hakim Lukmanul , Irhamni  , Zainuddin  , Makmur T
Published: September 2019

Irradiation is one element of the microclimate around the storage space can be controlled. Control of micro elements can be done using light. Beans are the second source of food after rice and wheat. Quantitative and qualitative losses during storage due to insect dominant.Callosobruchusmaculatus (Fab.) is a species of insect damage to beans during storage. This study aimed to manipulate the microenvironment of storage space by using a light color. This research was conducted in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, SerambiMekkah University, Banda Aceh. Data collection and analysis using completely randomized design (CRD) factorial. The first factor to use four colors comprising light: red (L1), yellow (L2), green (L3) and white (L4). The second factor consists of three kinds of beans, namely: green beans (K1), soybean (K2), and red beans (K3) with 3 repetitions. The results showed an unpopular environment of C. maculatusFabricius in a room that was illuminated in white (L4). The highest eggs placement preference for C. maculatusFabricius on red beans (K3).