bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Children's Science and Mathematics Ability with Leaf Diary: A Case Study
Authors: Yulia Resti , Mahyuddin Nenny , Nurhafizah Nurhafizah , Sulong Komareeyah
Published: January 2022

Purpose – This study aims to explore Leaf diary activity to develop the Science and Mathematics ability of children aged 6 years.Design/methods/approach – The method used is a case study. The unit of analysis is based on predetermined criteria, using the purposive sampling technique. Research informants are mentors and children involved in leaf diary activity in Solok, Indonesia. The data collection process used participant observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis used structural analysis techniques.Findings – The results showed that leaf diary activity could develop: (1) children's ability to classify leaves based on their shape; (2) the ability to compare leaf size based on length, as well as large or small size.Research implications/limitations – All research informants were from Solok District, Indonesia, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Practical implications – This case study contributes to the implementation of Leaf diary as an alternative activity that teachers or parents can do to develop children's science and mathematics ability.Originality/value – Leaf diary activity can help children explore the natural environment so that basic science and math abilities and concepts in this activity are carried out well.

Paper type Case study
IMPLEMENTASI KEADILAN GENDER DI PONDOK PESANTREN SABILURROSYAD KOTA MALANG
Authors: Sanah Bella Fadhilatus , Nafisah Ika Wildah , Mukmina Maulidina Zahrah , Cholid Satria Adli , Prayoga Taufan Adi
Published: January 2022

Gender equality still becomes a sensitive issue in Islamic educational institutions, especially in pesantren, a traditional Islamic educational institution. There is a strong assumption that in the socio-religious tradition of pesantren, women's subordination still practices widely. However, some pesatren take serious attention to overcome this issue through their daily activities within pesantren. One of which is Pesantren Sabilurrosyad in Malang, East Java. This article aims to elaborate on the realization of gender justice in the pesantren. This research uses a qualitative approach through observation and in-depth interviews with the board members of pesantren, as well as its male and female students. The results showed that the Pesantren Sabilurrosyad had implemented the values of gender justice in their socio-religious activities. The implementation forms include providing opportunities for female students to become head of student association; female students are given freedom to recite the Koran directly to the kyai; and female teachers (ustadzah) are given the opportunity to share in one forum with male students.Kesetaraan gender masih menjadi isu sensitive di lembaga pendidikan Islam, khususnya di pondok pesantren. Terdapat anggapan bahwa dalam tradisi sosial-keagamaan di pesantren  subordinasi perempuan masih terjadi. Hal ini menjadi perhatian bagi beberapa pesantren yang ingin menjadikan isu ini sebagai bagian dari aktivitas pesantren, salah satunya adalah Pondok Pesantren Sabilurrosyad di Malang. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi perwujudan keadilan gender di pondok tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap para pengurus ponpes dan santri putra dan santri putri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pondok pesantren Sabilurrosyad telah mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai keadilan gender dalam tradisi sosial-keagamaan pesantren. Wujud implementasi tersebut diantaranya adalah memberikan kesempatan kepada santri putri untuk menjadi ketua pondok, santri putri diberikan kebebasan untuk mengaji langsung kepada kyai, serta pengajar putri (ustadzah) diberikan peluang untuk bersama 1 (satu) forum dengan santri putra.
FENOMENA BU NYAI PENGAJAR TAFSIR BERDIMENSI GENDER LOKALITAS DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDHOTUL QUR'AN JEMBER
Authors: Munawiroh Afifatul , Al Asy Ari M. Khoirul Hadi
Published: January 2022

The majority of pesantren, the oldest Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, are still giving a priority to men for most important positions and roles in managing the pesantren. However, there is an interesting phenomenon at Pesantren Roudhotul Qur'an in Jember, East Java, where Nyai Mulazimah took unusual position as a leader of the pesantren, as well as the teacher of Tafsir Jalalain, the most influential tafsir books at pesantren. One of her contribution is conducting a reading of Tafsir Jalalain using a gender approach. This article aims to analyze the role of Nyai Mulazimah and her influences on shaping socio-religious traditions within her pesantren, especially related to the interpretation of the Qur'an (tafsir). This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and in-depth interviews with Mrs. Nyai Mulazimah and several students. The results reveal that the presence of Nyai Mulazimah as a teacher, who makes an interpretation of the Qur’an using a gender perspective, has created a new distinction to the tradition of teaching a tafsir within a pesantren which has been dominated by men. Therefore, this also gives rise to more diverse perspectives on the interpretation of certain verses within the pesantren, especially those related to the role and social position of women.Mayoritas pesantren di Indonesia masih memprioritaskan laki-laki pada posisi dan peran-peran penting di pondok pesantren. Salah satu fenomena menarik di Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an di Jember adalah keberadan Bu Nyai Mulazimah sebagai pemimpin pondok sekaligus pengajar Tafsir Jalalain. Melalui peran Bu Nyai Mulazimah, pengajaran Tafsir Jalalain diajarkan dengan pendekatan gender. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Bu Nyai tersebut dan pengaruhnya terhadap tradisi sosial-keagamaan di pesantren khususnya dalam konteks penafsiran al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara  mendalam terhadap Bu Nyai Mulazimah dan beberapa santri. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa keberadaan Bu Nyai Mulazimah sebagai pengajar tafsir dengan perspektif gender telah memberikan nuansa baru dalam tradisi pengajaran tafsir di pesantren yang selama ini didominasi oleh kaum laki-laki. Sehingga, hal ini memunculkan sudut pandang yang lebih beragam tentang tafsir ayat-ayat tertentu di pesantren, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan peran dan posisi sosial perempuan dalam masyarakat.
GERAKAN SOSIAL BARU INDONESIA: STUDI GERAKAN GEJAYAN MEMANGGIL 2019
Authors: Nofrima Sanny , Qodir Zuly
Published: January 2022

The Gejayan Calling Movement 2019 becomes an interesting phenomenon of the development of new student social movements in Indonesia. Using social media platforms (#tranding topics) as a means of mass mobilization, this action succeeded in managed around 15,000 protesters. This article aims to elaborate the 2019 Gejayan Menanggil Movement in more detail, covering the background of the action, the means of mass mobilization, the consolidation process, and the issues raised. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through virtual observations on social media, data searches on the Drone Emprit website, and in-depth interviews with members of HMI DIPO, HMI MPO, IMM, GMNI, and ARB (Aliansi Rakyat Bergerak). The collected data were analyzed using NVivo Plus software. The results show that the Gejayan Calling Movement has become the starting point for changes in social movements in Indonesia, where the foundations built are no longer based on material resistance, but are more based on issues of humanity, injustice, politics, the environment and women. Therefore, the ideology of the movements has also changed from a class resistance to an identity resistance.Gerakan Gejayan Memanggil 2019 menjadi salah satu fenomena menarik dari perkembangan gerakan sosial baru mahasiswa di Indonesia. Melalui platform media sosial (tranding topic) sebagai alat mobilisasi massa, aksi ini telah melibatkan 15.000 (lima belas ribu) demonstran. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengelaborasi Gerakan Gejayan Memanggil 2019 secara lebih mendalam, meliputi latar belakang aksi, sarana mobilisasi massa, proses konsolidasi, dan isu yang diangkat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi virtual di sosial media, penelusuran data di situs internet Drone Emprit, dan wawancara mendalam terhadap anggota HMI DIPO, HMI MPO, IMM, GMNI, dan ARB (Aliansi Rakyat Bergerak). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan software NVivo Plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gerakan Gejayan Memanggil ini telah menjadi titik tolak perubahan gerakan sosial di Indonesia, dimana pondasi yang dibangun tidak lagi berbasis pada perlawanan yang bersifat material, tetapi lebih berbasiskan pada isu-isu kemanusiaan, ketidakadilan, politik, lingkungan dan perempuan. Oleh sebab itu, ideologi yang berkembang berubah dari hal yang bersifat perlawanan kelas menjadi perlawanan identitas.
PLEASURE OF SPEECH IN THE LANGUAGE STYLE OF THE FRENCH YOUTUBER CYPRIEN
Authors: Cendekiaputri Alicia Nadine , Sajarwa Sajarwa , Firmonasari Aprillia
Published: January 2022

Language as a part of the study of communication is often used to build individuals' "image," especially amongst people (such as YouTubers) who are well known to the public. In linguistics, one's use of specific language to express oneself is called one's language style. Language styles serve as "signs," through which users create concepts of themselves and their personalities. As such, individuals' language styles usually have specific purposes and functions. This study will examine the language style used by Cyprien, a French media YouTuber, and its functions using the theory of Catherine Fromilhague using qualitative approach. Its corpus draws on data from Cyprien's five most popular videos (as ascertained based on the number of viewers), which were accessed through YouTube media. The data were obtained by viewing these videos and noting the utterances and language styles used. Afterward, data were classified and analyzed based on the language style used and its function. This research finds that eleven language styles were used, with different frequencies. These styles served argumentative, ornamental, and cognitive functions. The conclusion of this study are used to draw viewers' interest and stave off boredom, thereby ensuring that they are willing to follow Cyprien's channel. At the same time, these language styles are used for a range of purposes, including emphasizing essential points and creating rhythm.
WAVE FORMATION AT THE SUPER-FINISHING DISCS CERAMIC
Authors: Yuriev V. G. , Zubarev Yu. M.
Published: January 2022

The phenomenon of wave formation on the super-finished surface of ceramic disks made of ceramic materials with different machinability is considered. The General nature of wave formation during superfinishing and other machining processes (grinding, runningin) due to the loss of stability of the technological system is shown. Reviewed the condition of wave generation, including higher cutting speeds, it is necessary to increase the performance of the super-finishing, and changes sizes of diamond bar height on the buckling and wave generation on the treated surface of the ceramic disk. The influence of the processing time and the interaction force of the bar and the workpiece on the frequency of self-excited vibrations and wave formation is revealed. It has been experimentally established that with a decrease in the workability of ceramics, the rate of increase in the waviness amplitude decreases. Recommendations for reducing the rate of increase in the height of undulation are given.
REDUCING THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC LOADS ON THE SURFACE QUALITY OF MILLED THIN-WALLED BUSHINGS
Authors: Bogomolov M. N. , Yamnikov A. S.
Published: January 2022

It is shown that even under conditions of quiet cutting, self-oscillations arise when turning surfaces. A review of domestic and foreign literature showing the reasons for the formation of oscillations during cutting is given. The complexity of the analytical description of the physical processes in the cutting zone, forcing researchers to resort to mathematical modeling, is noted. It is noted that a particular difficulty is the study and description of the milling process, due to the presence of variables on the module and direction of cutting forces, leading to additional forced vibrations of the technological system. It is shown that in order to reduce vibrations in the system, it is possible to reduce cutting conditions and, accordingly, productivity, increase rigidity and damping ability of the system. When installing thin-walled v-lok on multi-purpose machines, a special role is given to clamping devices. Devices with metal expanding elements act on a limited portion of the length of the cylindrical suface, and therefore cannot increase the vibration resistance over the entire surface. The design of the mandrel with an elastic-elastic sleeve located between the body of the workpiece and the main base mandrel has been developed. Through axial compression, the elastic-elastic sleeve increases its thickness and increases the rigidity and damping capacity of the technological system, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the roughness of the treated surface by 1.5 times.
DESIGN OF A LED LIGHTING DEVICE FOR GENERAL LIGHTING OF INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER PURPOSE ROOMS WITH HIGH SPAN
Authors: Nesterkina N. P. , Kuznetsov E. A. , Zhuravleva Yu. A.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the design of a LED lighting device Laight Emitting Diode (LD) to replace the base LD with a gasdischarge light source for general lighting of industrial and other premises with high spans. The paper presents a description of the basic LD RSP 51 – 2000 and substantiates the need for its replacement. To create an LD with a high luminous efficiency, LEDs with a luminous efficacy of 142.2 lm/W at a rated current of 400 mA are used. When analyzing the results of ray tracing in the TracePro optical program for a flat and rounded protective screen of the LED LD, it was found that the most preferable is the use of a rounded protective screen made of Plexiglass. The results of modeling the LED LD showed that the designed LD is an energy efficient analogue of RSP 51 – 2000.
POWER SHELL ELEMENTS: DYNAMIC MATHEMATICAL MODELS, POWER SYSTEMS (OVERVIEW)
Authors: Chernus Pavel P. , Arbiev A. K. , Chernus Petr P. , Loshitskiy P. A. , Sharovatov V. T.
Published: January 2022

This article is a review devoted to the theory and practice of the application of power shell elements (PSE) in pneumatic drives (PD). She makes acquaint the reader with the main provisions of the theory of PD, performed on the PSE. The review briefly presents materials on the development of dynamic mathematical models (DMM) of power units (PU) of shell PDs (SPD), based on the use of static characteristics of SPD, an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of PU based on traditional pneumatic cylinders (PC) and PSE is given. The main attention in the review is paid to the solution of the problem of creating PU on PSE with the required quality indicators at the design stage, when it is necessary to take into account the properties of compressed gas. For this, an original methodology for the development of nonlinear DMMs for various typical variants of the midrange is proposed, the basis of which is a number of provisions of the theory of gas dynamics. Without invoking this theory, it is impossible to ta into account the properties of compressed gas (compressibility of the working medium, dependence on temperature and gas flow rate in the shell, the nature of the gas expansion processes), and, therefore, to reliably describe the state of unsteady gas processes inside the shell and develop a DMM of the PU, to a sufficient taking into account the mentioned properties. Since the topic of this review is intended mainly for engineers who develop SPD (theoreticians and practitioners), the review also contains materials on the linearization of the found nonlinear DMMs. As a result of linearization, nonlinear DMMs are transformed into transfer functions for displacement of the output coordinate and effort. The correctness of the linearization carried out is confirmed by the results of experiments. The review briefly discusses several options for pneumatic supply systems for SPD. Here, of particular interest for a specialist is the material on imparting invariance properties to SPDs to air intake from the atmosphere nd discharge of exhaust air into the atmosphere, which significantly expands the scope of SPDs and reduce their cost.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF MINERAL CERAMIC BLADE CUTTING TOOLS
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Afanasenkov M. A.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the possibility of improving the performance of mineral-ceramic cutting plates by removing most of the defects on their working surface due to the formation of functional surface layers by ion-vacuum treatment. A model of a surface-hardened layer for VOK-60 type ceramics is proposed. Based on the configuration model of the substance, chemical elements are selected for modifying the surface layer of ceramics. The results of laboratory and production tests that showed an increase in the performance of ceramic plates after implantation by at least two times are presented.
AUTOMATED LOADING OF TRACKED VEHICLES ON RAIL FLATCAR
Authors: Lyashenko M. V. , Shekhovtsov V. V. , Kosenko V. V. , Potapov P. V. , Iskaliev A. I.
Published: January 2022

Problem of loading and unloading of tracked vehicles on a rail flatcar can origin during the transportation of construction machinery, for example in case of reconstruction works near railways when using of cranes is impossible. Current solutions are based on use of ramps connected to a rail flatcar. These ramps are lowered on rails for moving out of a vehicle. At this protection of rails and railway elements during vehicle turning is provided by preliminary stacking of sleepers and automotive rubber tires on place for vehicle movement. This article describes automated method and appropriate mechanism for loading and unloading of self-propelled tracked machines on a rail flatcar. This method provides reduced labor intensity and process duration by exception of hand operations and also avoidance of damages of railway elements.
A música e o sagrado na Trilogia de Deus de João César Monteiro
Authors: Nicolau Pinto José Miguel
Published: January 2022

Este artigo incide sobre a presença do sagrado na “Trilogia de Deus”, de João César Monteiro, e sobre a forma como esta é articulada através de elementos e referências musicais religiosas. A aceção de cinema como sagrado, ou seja, como oposto ao profano e, consequentemente, ao “nosso” mundo, tem consequências evidentes na obra de Monteiro. A forma como o mesmo alcança este sagrado é recorrente nos vários meios que constituem o “híbrido medial” que é o filme. A presença musical na “Trilogia de Deus” torna-se uma dessas ferramentas do realizador de alcançar ou, pelo menos, referir, o sagrado nos seus filmes. Este artigo analisa algumas das referências religiosas retorcidas, através das quais César Monteiro procura não o sagrado católico, mas um outro sagrado, que se desenvolve sobre valores que o catolicismo chega a condenar. A principal hipótese defendida é a de que o sagrado na “Trilogia” se desenvolve, pelo menos em parte, a partir das referências musicais religiosas – por um lado, pelo espaço contextual a que são associadas e, por outro, pela subversão desse mesmo espaço. A partir da análise de exemplos particulares, pretende-se desenvolver esta hipótese através de argumentos relativos à interpretação de certos elementos visuais, narrativos e principalmente musicais.
A Arte de Amar, segundo Sérgio Dias Branco
Authors: Bértolo José
Published: January 2022

Recensão de Escrita em Movimento: Apontamentos Críticos sobre Filmes, de Sérgio Dias Branco, 2020, Lisboa, Documenta.
Música y sonido en el cine chileno: Nuevas voces para viejas historias
Authors: Farías Martín
Published: January 2022

Este artículo reflexiona sobre algunos problemas metodológicos y conceptuales que surgen al momento de estudiar la música y el sonido en el cine chileno. Estos asuntos se sitúan en el contexto de una creciente digitalización de cintas y documentos que ha tenido lugar en las últimas décadas y que ha conllevado una serie de cambios en el estudio del cine. Para esto se propone un análisis de dos documentales icónicos de la historia del cine en Chile: Mimbre (Sergio Bravo, 1957-1959) y La batalla de Chile (Patricio Guzmán, 1975-1979). Se sostiene que el estudio de la música y el sonido permite observar fenómenos ignorados y redefinir cuestiones que hasta ahora han sido pasadas por alto en la historiografía.
Estrada da Vida (1952) e a Cinematográfica Terras do Brasil: A presença das mulheres no cinema brasileiro do início dos anos 1950
Authors: Perez Lívia
Published: January 2022

O artigo reúne informações sobre a iniciativa de Tânia Simões e Jovita de Almeida à frente da Cinematográfica Terras do Brasil, produtora fundada no começo dos anos 1950 em São Paulo, que resultou na filmagem de um único longa-metragem, Estrada da Vida (1952), classificado como inacabado no catálogo da Cinemateca Brasileira. A partir de publicações na imprensa e do roteiro original do filme, o texto propõe uma reflexão sobre a abordagem exotificada e desconfiada acerca da presença das mulheres no cinema brasileiro e lança questões sobre o processo de feitura do filme e o destino de suas autoras.
Um Possível Panorama: A mostra "O mundo visto e sonhado" (2021) e a memória do cinema realizado no Espírito Santo
Authors: Cabral Luana
Published: January 2022

Esta resenha tem como objeto a mostra "O mundo visto e sonhado: uma coleção de filmes do Espírito Santo", realizada no mês de maio de 2021. Discutimos algumas ideias iniciais sobre o lugar a memória nas relações estabelecidas entre o cinema pensado e produzido no Espírito Santo e sua história.
A Pesquisa Histórica no Cinema Latino-americano: Perspectivas e desafios na era digital
Authors: Morettin Eduardo , Cuarterolo Andrea , Torello Georgina
Published: January 2022

O objetivo principal do dossiê é o de refletir sobre os rumos atuais da pesquisa histórica em cinema no mundo latino-americano, pensando os desafios impostos pela contemporaneidade e as perspectivas existentes. Os esforços no sentido de elaborar um sistema de compreensão das experiências ocorridas no passado que relacione a análise fílmica e os dados da produção cinematográfica em suas diferentes manifestações às questões de contexto constituem uma das tarefas do trabalho do historiador. A nossa intenção é de avaliar o estatuto das novas abordagens, novos objetos e novos problemas nas pesquisas históricas mais recentes e os possíveis caminhos a serem enfrentados na articulação entre teoria e prática. Como se sabe, a pesquisa em história do cinema sempre dependeu dos arquivos audiovisuais e Cinematecas, muitos deles em risco na América Latina, como é o caso da Cinemateca Brasileira. Sempre é preciso ressaltar a importância estratégia dos acervos, pois armazenam filmes, cartazes, roteiros, reportagens – documentos que, articulados pelo pesquisador ao método escolhido, à formação de núcleos temáticos e de conceitos, e à constituição de uma periodização, constroem a história de determinada cinematografia. Em 2020 a forma privilegiada de acesso às fontes foi por meio do digital, o que certamente acentuou os desafios que já se colocavam desde o início do século XXI. Se com os filmes a dimensão de apreensão de sua visualidade está se modificando com o seu visionamento em celulares e computadores, há uma crescente perda de contato com a materialidade das fontes pelo contínua pesquisa a bases de dados e repositórios (de arquivos/ cinematecas ou não). Pensar as implicações desta situação para a pesquisa histórica em cinema constitui um dos objetivos do presente dossiê.
Editorial v9n1
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: January 2022

Editorial do número 1 do volume 9 da Aniki: Revista Portuguesa da Imagem em Movimento.
Effect of Using Coolant on the Formation of Microcracks, Burr and Delamination in Bone Drilling Process
Authors: Rusnaldy Rusnaldy , Sijabat Pratama Eka Putra , Paryanto Paryanto , Prahasto Toni
Published: January 2022

Direct approach for bone fracture treatment usually involves restoring the fractured parts to their initial position and immobilizing them with plates, screws and wires. This approach needs a bone surgery drilling to produce hole for screw insertion. But this drilling process causes mechanical damages, i.e microcracks, burr formation and delamination, that can reduce the stability of the fixation. One of the ways to minimize it is by using coolant. Moreover, it is noted that bone has anisotropic microstucture. The object of this study is to understand the effect of coolant on mechanical damages that occur in bone drilling and to understand the effect of microstructure difference on microcracks that occur in the drilled walls holes. Adult bovine bones and adult goat bones were used in this study as the specimens to represent differences in cortical bone microstructure. Five consecutive holes from the distal to the proximal in each specimen were generated using manual hand-drill (spindle speed (n) = 1000 rpm; drill bit (d) = 4 mm diameter) with the use of coolant as variation. The drilling holes then stained and observed using a microscope. As the result, it was found that the use of coolant can significantly reduce the drilling temperature. Microcracks, burr formation and delamination were found to be quite large in the drilling holes without coolant. However, there is no microcrack found in the drilling holes with coolant, there is only a small number of burr formation was found. In addition, it was found that the differences in bone microstructure affect the number and length of microcracks that occur in the wall of the hole. It can be concluded from this study that the application of coolant is very effective to reduce the drilling temperature and enhancing the quality of the hole generated by bone drilling and the higher the density of osteon in cortical bone, the easier the microcrack to initiate and propagate.
A Review of Existing Transtibial Bionic Prosthesis: Mechanical Design, Actuators and Power Transmission
Authors: Ismawan Ade Reza , Ismail Rifky , Prahasto Tony , Ariyanto Mochammad , Setiyana Budi
Published: January 2022

Transtibial and transfemoral amputations are the most common amputations in the world, loss of lower extremity result in impaired function extremities and also body balance. A prosthesis is a medical device designed to replace a specific body part to restore function to a body part lost due to an accident or disease. Most doctors strongly recommend the use of a prosthesis so that patients can return to normal activities after undergoing an amputation. Besides functioning to support beauty, the use of prostheses is also to restore the quality of life of prosthetic users, the issue of metabolic energy consumption when walking is also very important in designing transtibial bionic prosthesis because it involves the comfort of the user transtibial prosthesis. Most of the existing transtibial prosthesis products in Indonesia are conventional passive transtibial foot products, and passive prosthesis users show a limp or asymmetrical gait pattern so that conventional passive prosthesis users experience discomfort when walking in the form of pain in the amputated leg and normal foot, which can cause secondary musculoskeletal injuries such as joint disorders. Passive prostheses cannot generate propulsive force during push-off phase (terminal stance and preswing) of the human gait cycle. The use of passive prostheses can also consume 20-30% more metabolic energy while walking so that it can cause fatigue for the user. Transtibial bionic prosthesis research is growing, transtibial bionic prosthesis can overcome the weakness of passive prosthesis because it can produce push-off during gait cycle and several researchers have shown that bionic prostheses are capable of mimicking the human gait, as well as improve the  performance in a more natural gait and normal walking. This study aims to study the existing transtibial bionic prosthesis by comparing between 6 existing designs of powered ankle or transtibial bionic prosthesis that have been published in several publications. The discussion focuses on the design and mechanical systems, actuators related to the selection of motors and drive mechanisms as well as power transmission from actuators to moving components.
Chancellor Angela Merkel’s achievements and failures in the Germany’s European policy (2005–2021)
Authors: Koszel Bogdan
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article was to analyse the Germany’s European policy under the rule of Chancellor A. Merkel in terms of solving emerging crises in the European Union in the 21st century. The author presented a thesis that despite the scale of problems, Chancellor Merkel was successful in finding solutions favourable to Europe. Her methods were often controversial and debatable, but she was able to break the resistance of her opponents. After Brexit, her greatest objectives were to maintain the cohesion of Member States and to guide the EU safely through the COVID-19 epidemic.
Rezolucje Parlamentu Europejskiego dotyczące sytuacji wymiaru sprawiedliwości w Polsce w optyce Wiadomości TVP
Authors: Piechocki Marcin , Wyszyński Jacek
Published: January 2022

W pracy przeanalizowano treść wszystkich newsów, które pojawiły się w głównych wydaniach Wiadomości TVP w latach 2016–2021, zawierających odniesienie do rezolucji Parlamentu Europejskiego związanych z polskim systemem sądowniczym. Autorzy próbowali znaleźć odpowiedzi na pytania o to jak prezentowana jest ta tematyka. Wyniki badań wskazują, iż redakcja Wiadomości buduje narrację idącą ramię w ramię ze stanowiskiem koalicji rządzącej, co nie było zaskoczeniem. Artykuł skupia się na analizie zabiegów stosowanych przez zespół Wiadomości przy relacjonowaniu sporu z Unią Europejską.
Iść wolniej, a w każdym razie inaczej. Jak zbudować opowieść o Unii po pandemii?
Authors: Prawda Marek
Published: January 2022

Aby zbudować opowieść o Unii po pandemii, staramy się zrozumieć zmiany i ich wpływ na nasze życie. Rok 2020 osłabił wiarę w przyszłość pojmowaną jako lepsza wersja teraźniejszości. Pandemia dała argumenty na rzecz tezy o wyczerpywaniu się projektu nowoczesności. Wiemy już, że musimy zwolnić, a także poszukać innych dróg. UE próbuje odczytać te znaki czasu poprzez Zielony Ład i budżet wieloletni, który ma być inwestycją w zmianę. Z pokonywania własnych słabości Wspólnota czerpie siłę i tlen do działań solidarnych. Zmierza w kierunku Unii bliższej współpracy. Chce już nie tylko wyrównywać różnice między bogatymi i biednymi, lecz także tworzyć inny model gospodarczy. Szuka nowej roli w świecie, bo wie, że musi bardziej liczyć na siebie. Z tej przemiany wyłania się współczesne europejskie imaginarium, zespół wyobrażeń i emocji kierujących ludzkimi działaniami. Są one szczególnie ważne dla młodszych pokoleń, które „przestały widzieć” Europę. Pedagogicznym wyzwaniem jest wytłumaczenie współczesnego sensu bycia razem. Polska ma szansę uczynić z zachodzących zmian, w tym zielonej transformacji, silny impuls rozwojowy. Nie sprzyja temu podsycanie nastrojów antyunijnych w kraju.
Kwestie historyczne w stosunkach polsko-rosyjskich w latach 2007–2015
Authors: Słowiński Konrad
Published: January 2022

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie wpływu uwarunkowań historycznych na relacje polsko-rosyjskie u progu XXI w. Dzieje tych dwóch państw łączy wielowiekowa i trudna przeszłość, w wyniku czego powstały między nimi liczne nierozwiązane do końca spory, obciążenia i mity, dające o sobie znać po dzisiejszy dzień. Po upadku w 1989 r. systemu komunistycznego w naszym kraju nowe elity polityczne, kierując procesem przemian demokratycznych w III RP, podjęły starania zmierzające do rozliczenia spornych wątków ze wspólnej polsko-rosyjskiej historii. Na tej drodze wyrównywania dawnych zaszłości lata 2007–2015 obfitowały w ważne wydarzenia, mogące stanowić symbol wspólnego pojednania. Niestety zdarzały się również momenty regresu i głębokiego kryzysu, rzutujące negatywnie na współpracę obu krajów w kwestii rozliczania trudnych kart historii.
The EU external policy and the 2015–2018 refugee relocation system in the light of historical institutionalism
Authors: Czachór Zbigniew
Published: January 2022

The main research objective of the text is to analyse the refugee relocation system in the light of historical institutionalism in 2015–2018. Historical institutionalism refers to the interaction between European integration actors in the European Union system, analysed in retrospect from a documentary perspective. The time factor is particularly important, since it enables to follow the institutional process defined by EU norms, procedures and integration rules and their sequential impact on favoured treatment or disavowing of integration visions, preferences, needs and interests.

In view of the above, the refugee relocation system proposed and introduced in the period 2015–2018 confirms the above research assumption that the political decision on relocation made by the European Commission and the European Council resulted in a relevant legal act adopted by the EU Council to regulate the issue. Although under the pressure of the situation Member States agreed, some of them began to contest the decisions later.
Prospective urinary albumin/creatinine ratio for diagnosis, staging, and organ response assessment in renal AL amyloidosis: results from a large cohort of patients
Authors: Basset Marco , Milani Paolo , Ferretti Virginia Valeria , Nuvolone Mario , Foli Andrea , Benigna Francesca , Nanci Martina , Bozzola Margherita , Ripepi Jessica , Sesta Melania , Russo Francesca , Bosoni Tiziana , Klersy Catherine , Albertini Riccardo , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Quantification of 24 h-proteinuria is the gold standard for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring of patients with renal AL amyloidosis. However, 24 h-urine collection is cumbersome and may result in preanalytical error. In this prospective study, we investigated the role of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) (cut-off: 300 mg/g) identifying renal involvement, evaluated a UACR-based staging system (UACR cut-off: 3,600 mg/g) and assessed whether UACR response (UACR decrease >30% without worsening in eGFR >25%) predicts renal outcome in 531 patients with newly-diagnosed AL amyloidosis.

Methods

From October 2013 paired 24 h-proteinuria and UACR (on first morning void) were measured in all newly-diagnosed patients with AL amyloidosis. Correlation between 24 h-proteinuria and UACR at baseline was assessed by Pearson’s r test. Impact of UACR response on renal outcome was assessed in randomly created testing (n=354) and validation (n=177) cohorts.

Results

A strong linear correlation was found between 24 h-proteinuria and UACR at baseline (r=0.90; p<0.001). After a median follow-up of 31 months, 57 (11%) patients required dialysis. A UACR-based renal staging system identified three stages with significantly higher dialysis rate at 36 months comparing stage I with stage II and stage II with stage III. Achieving a renal response, according to a UACR-based criterion, resulted in lower dialysis rate in both testing and validation cohorts.

Conclusions

UACR is a reliable marker for diagnosis, prognosis, and organ response assessment in renal AL amyloidosis and can reliably replace 24 h-proteinuria in clinical trials and individual patients’ management.
Balancing redox equations through zero oxidation number method
Authors: Zheng Shengping
Published: January 2022

Many high school students and first-year undergraduate students find it difficult to balance redox reactions. A method using zero oxidation number to balance redox equations is presented herein. This method may shorten the balancing time and lessen the effort. It is a helpful complement to the traditional oxidation number method and half-reaction method.
The effect of liquid crystalline graphene oxide compared with non-liquid crystalline graphene oxide on the rheological properties of polyacrylonitrile solution
Authors: Liu Baihua , Wang Cong , Muhuo Yu
Published: January 2022

In this article, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and two kinds of graphene oxide (GO) with different structural properties are blended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) according to a certain ratio to prepare stable-spinning solution. One kind of GO is purchased, and we call it GO1. The other is a kind of self-made GO with liquid crystal property in solution, which is called GO2. The effects of two kinds of GO on the rheological properties of PAN/GO spinning solution (15 wt%) were studied. The results show that the viscous activation energy of the liquid crystal GO2/PAN blend solution is significantly higher than that of the nonliquid crystal GO1/PAN blend solution. Moreover, the liquid crystal system is more obviously affected by temperature. The structural viscosity index of the liquid crystalline GO2/PAN solution is obviously lower than that of the GO1/PAN solution. It indicates that the existence of liquid crystallinity is beneficial to the spinning of the solution. In the low-frequency region, the addition of GO1 makes the solution more elastic, and the addition of GO2 makes the solution more viscous.
Viscous dissipation effect on steady natural convection Couette flow with convective boundary condition
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Kabir Tafida M.
Published: January 2022

The present article explores the effect of viscous dissipation on steady natural convection Couette flow subject to convective boundary condition. Due to the nonlinearity and coupling of the governing equations in the present situation, the homotopy perturbation method was employed to obtain the solutions of the energy and momentum equations. The impacts of the controlling parameters were investigated and discussed graphically. In the course of investigation, it was found that fluid temperature increases with an increase in viscous dissipation while the reverse trend was observed in fluid velocity. However, it was also discovered that heat generation leads to a decrease in the rate of heat transfer on the heated plate and it increases on the cold plate. Finally, it was concluded that the velocity boundary layer thickness increases with an increase in Biot number.
Immediate and long-term improvement in lexical stress perception: the role of teacher and peer feedback
Authors: Sippel Lieselotte , Martin Ines A.
Published: January 2022

This study investigated to what extent teacher and peer feedback promote L2 lexical stress perception skills and how gains are maintained over time. Eighty-two participants from 11 sections of first-year German courses at three universities were assigned to a teacher feedback group, a peer feedback provider group, a peer feedback receiver group, or a control group. After completing a pronunciation training on word stress in German–English cognates, the teacher group received feedback on their pronunciation from a teacher, the provider group gave feedback to peers, and the receiver group received feedback from peers. The control group did not complete the pronunciation training or receive feedback. Results comparing learners’ pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest perception accuracy revealed that the teacher group and the provider group made significant gains in terms of their ability to perceive word stress in cognates, whereas the receiver group and the control group showed no improvement.
Analysis of optical networks in presence of nodes noise and crosstalk
Authors: Shukla Rahul Deo , Pratap Ajay , Suryavanshi Raghuraj Singh
Published: January 2022

Optical packet switching has gained lot of momentum in last decade due to the advantages of optical fiber over copper cables. Optical switching is beneficial in optical networks which form connections of links and switching nodes. In these high speed networks minimum delay and high throughput are two important parameters which are considered. To minimize network delay shortest path algorithm is used for route selections. In previous studies while choosing shortest path distance among various nodes is considered. In this work we have shown that it is necessary to consider both distance and number of hops while choosing path from source to destination to minimize power per bit used for the transmission.
Free-form optimization of nanophotonic devices: from classical methods to deep learning
Authors: Park Juho , Kim Sanmun , Nam Daniel Wontae , Chung Haejun , Park Chan Y. , Jang Min Seok
Published: January 2022

Nanophotonic devices have enabled microscopic control of light with an unprecedented spatial resolution by employing subwavelength optical elements that can strongly interact with incident waves. However, to date, most nanophotonic devices have been designed based on fixed-shape optical elements, and a large portion of their design potential has remained unexplored. It is only recently that free-form design schemes have been spotlighted in nanophotonics, offering routes to make a break from conventional design constraints and utilize the full design potential. In this review, we systematically overview the nascent yet rapidly growing field of free-form nanophotonic device design. We attempt to define the term “free-form” in the context of photonic device design, and survey different strategies for free-form optimization of nanophotonic devices spanning from classical methods, adjoint-based methods, to contemporary machine-learning-based approaches.
Survival is the driver for adaptation: safety engineering changed the future, security engineering prevented disasters and transition engineering navigates the pathway to the climate-safe future
Authors: Krumdieck Susan
Published: January 2022

Consider a simple idea describing the time, space and relationship scales of survival. Engineering has been going along with the current paradigm that growth in wealth and material consumption can continue through innovation and technology development. The proposed survival continuum concept represents a new way to think about sustainability that has clear implications for influencing engineering projects in all fields. The argument for survival as the driver for adaptation is developed sequentially, building on theory, definition, examples and history. The key idea is that sustainability will be effectively addressed by a new engineering discipline furthering development of the field of safety engineering with longer time scale, broader space scale and more complex relationship scale. The implication is that the past 100-year development of safety engineering can be leveraged to fast-track the inclusion of sustainability risk management throughout the entire engineering profession. The conclusion is that a new, interdisciplinary field, Transition Engineering, is emerging as the way our society will achieve sustainability-safety through rapid reduction in fossil fuel use and reduction in detrimental social and environmental impacts of industrialization.
Anaerobic digestion fundamentals, challenges, and technological advances
Authors: Uddin Md Mosleh , Wright Mark Mba
Published: January 2022

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a natural biochemical process that converts organic materials into combustible biogas. AD has been long practiced for agricultural and urban waste management; however, this process is getting more attention as an alternative energy source nowadays. Additionally, various biogas-derived value-added chemicals and transportation fuels are turning AD into a profitable biorefinery business model. Despite its numerous potentials, AD technologies still face challenges in conversion efficiency, process stability, product quality, and economic feasibility. Researchers have been devising various mechanisms to tackle these challenges. However, a widespread adoption of commercial-scale AD is yet to be visible. The development of AD technology requires a concerted effort of scientists from different backgrounds to ensure rapid expansion.
The story of nitrogen
Authors: Consiglio David
Published: January 2022

For centuries, farmers have needed fertilizers rich in nitrogen to increase crop yields. This need led to one of the most unusual wars in history: a war over fossilized bird droppings. Twentieth century chemists solved the problem of mass-producing nitrogen fertilizer, but their solution required enormous amounts of energy. Twenty-first century chemists now face the challenge of producing nitrogen fertilizer without the need for energy provided by fossil fuels.
Small modular nuclear reactors are mostly bad policy
Authors: Barnard Michael
Published: January 2022

People asserting that SMRs are the primary or only answer to energy generation either don’t know what they are talking about, are actively dissembling or are intentionally delaying climate action.
Measuring Spatial Distribution in the Banking System in Hungary
Authors:   University of Pécs, Doctoral School of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, El-Meouch Nedim Márton , Tésits Róbert ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Dept. of Human Geography and Urban Studies, Alpek B. Levente ,   University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Dept. of Human Geography and Urban Studies
Published: January 2022

Over the past decade, due in part to the global economic crisis, a significant part of the bank branches have been closed in the European banking system, but in Hungary this proportion has been significantly higher than the European average. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explore what aspects of commercial banks are taken into account when deciding where to be present within bank branches. This will also reveal the spatial dimension of public access to financial services. The present study seeks to answer the question of which socio-economic factors and in what form they affect the spatial structure of bank branches. The settlement-level examination can also provide additional indication of which settlements may be affected by further bank branch closures. Linear regression based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) parameter estimation was used to explore the factors influencing the location of bank branches. In addition, the possible clustering of bank branches was observed, i.e., whether spatial autocorrelation was present at certain stages of the analysis. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was also estimated in the present study. Based on the results of the research, the resident population, the proportion of enterprises per capita, the average income, the number of neighbouring bank branches and the type of settlement all proved to be significant factors that may encourage decision-makers to establish a bank branch.