bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Progress of Speech Production in People with Autism (Case Study on a Girl Named Aliya Salsabila Ramadhani)
Authors: Mubasyira Mu’thia , Rafli Zainal , Boeriswati Endry
Published: January 2022

This study is titled the progress of speech production in people with autism (case study in a girl named Aliya Salsabila Ramadhani). The study was conducted by Mu'thia Mubasyira, Zainal Rafli and Endry Boeriswati. To correspond the email used is muthiamubasyira_9906921003@mhs.unj.ac.id and the orchid number is 0000-0002-4084-3382. This study was conducted with the aim to find out how the progress of speech production in people with autism with the object of research on a girl named Aliya Salsabila Ramadhani who is now 9 years old. This study tried to analyze the primary data obtained by explaining the progress of language and Aliya speech production from the age of 3 months old until now. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods that seek to describe the progress of Aliya language and speech production with a short narrative and exposure to data retrieval techniques used through observation of video documentation of activities carried out and through questionnaires and interviews. In addition, this study also uses relevant references as study materials so that holistic and thorough discussion results are obtained. From the characteristics that seem to be known that Aliya is classified as experiencing mild austism. It is also obtained through the analysis of language development and how Aliya interacts with the environment and the surrounding people. Aliya also has abstinence from certain foods to suppress so that her behavior is not too hyper or excessive. Aliya's language progress and speech production made significant increasement  after she received developmental therapy and speech therapy and attended a special needs school. This research is expected to add to the treasures of science, especially those related to psycholinguistics with the study of language development and speech production in people with autism.
The increasing of Human Resources quality Through Food Security in Semarang City (A Study of Legal Anthropology)
Authors: Handayani Emy , Wicaksono Satrio Adi
Published: January 2022

Development of food security has a strategic meaning in development in an area through its human resources, in accordance with Constitution number 18 of 2012 concerning food, that the provincial, district / city and / or village governments determine the type and amount of certain food reserves according to the consumption needs of the local community. The Human Development Index (HDI) also states that three factors determine the Human Development Index, namely education, health, and economy, so the quality of human resources is very influential and has an important role in developing and managing food so that a synergistic relationship between various aspects of the food security development in a region is needed.

 

In this study, improving the quality of human resources in the city of Semarang in terms of the Anthropological Study of Law on food security, the method used through a normative juridical approach that is the law conceptualized as a normative symptom in legislation with the legal anthropological approach, the population in this study is the Department of Agriculture Semarang City with samples of food products in improving the quality of its human resources

 

The results of this study comes through the Empirical Legal Anthropology approach, the support of strong and effective food institutions can spur growth, development and improvement of food, the nutritional status improvement of the community is very influential in improving the quality of human resources in increasing intelligence and the performance of human resources in determining future growth as one of strengthening local food security in the city of Semarang. With the availability of high quality human resources characterized by a strong physical, strong mental, excellent health and mastering science and technology can support the development of the city of Semarang.
A Case Study on the Sri Lankan English Language Learner in the field of Creative Arts
Authors: Niroshani B.A.Ajantha
Published: January 2022

This article reports the findings of a study that investigated the attitudes of  creative arts undergraduates and the attitudes and perception of English as a second language (ESL) teachers from different faculties in three Sri Lankan universities about the motivation and proficiency of their students. Employing a qualitative approach in which a 20-item 6- point Likert scale questionnaire and eight (8) item online questionnaire served as the instuments respectively for randomly selected  25 students and the 10 ESL teachers. The results of the study revealed that the undergraduates were aware of  the role played by the English language in terms of  the potential utility,importance of learning  and the potential impact on their future employment.According to the data analysis,the undergraduates in the  faculties of medicine and science are motivated than their counterparts in the faculty of creative arts.Differenciations were observerd in terms of independent thinking, enthusiasm for classroom tasks and critical thinking between the same.
Implementation of Population Administration Policy on the Quality of Death Certificate Issuance Services
Authors: Sudrajat Deni , Badriatin Tine , Setiawan Rudi , Sudiarti Sri
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the influence of population administration policy implementation to service quality Issuance of a death certificate in the Department of Population and Civil Registration Tasikmalaya District, which is based on the theories that are relevant to the research conducted. The method used in this research is explanatory research, which is a research-based survey. Data collection techniques used through observation, documentation, and questionnaires, while data analysis is used through multiple regression testing subsequent partial (lane) of each dimension studied (path analysis). The results of the study showed that the implementation of a policy of population administration influence the quality of service the issuance of a death certificate in the Department of Population and Civil Registration Tasikmalaya Regency is determined by the size and purpose of the policy, policy resources, characteristics or properties of entities implementing agencies, communication among relevant organizations with implementation activities, the attitude of the executive, and the environment as economic, social, political.
A questão do infinito em pascal e espinosa
Authors: Pinto Rodrigo Hayasi
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar que o pensamento do filósofo francês Blaise Pascal nunca esteve alheio às principais discussões metafísicas do século XVII. A discussão que será explorada aqui está relacionada com a questão do infinito, abordada com ênfase pelos autores desse período. Com esse objetivo em mente, tentar-se-á construir uma argumentação sobre a questão do infinito no âmbito da metafísica a partir de dois filósofos do século XVII: Blaise Pascal e Baruch Espinosa. Tentaremos mostrar que a reflexão filosófica de Pascal, por um lado, se assemelha à de Espinosa quando assume que Deus deve ser concebido como absolutamente infinito, acima de qualquer gênero específico de infinitude, seja matemático ou espacial, mas se afasta do filósofo holandês, quando Pascal assume a impossibilidade de o homem compreender o infinito em termos absolutos por intermédio da racionalidade.
Indivíduo e comunidade em Spinoza
Authors: Silva Daniel Santos da
Published: January 2022

Resenha do livro Indivíduo e Comunidade em Spinoza, de Alexandre Matheron
Deleção de identidade pessoal e ideológica no romance ‘A Mina Liza’ por Orly Castel-Bloom
Authors: Silverman-Forner Naama
Published: January 2022

Esse artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o uso especial de intertextualidade que está feito no romance ‘A Mina Liza’ por Orly Castel-Bloom. Serão analisados alguns exemplos de alusões a clichês - expressões, temas e pressuposições culturais bem familiares. Essa forma de elaborar um diálogo entre o texto atual e os clichês culturais, resulta em paródia, ou seja: o texto zomba e critica a si mesmo. Assim, toda idea e todo assunto, como também a viagem de Mina em busca de sua identidade, desintegra e esvazia do seu significado.
Economic Considerations in Access to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Reddy Kriyana P. , Groeneveld Peter W. , Giri Jay , Fanaroff Alexander C. , Nathan Ashwin S.
Published: January 2022

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis, with the number of procedures and sites offering the procedure steadily rising over the past decade in the United States. Despite this, growth into certain markets has been limited as hospitals have to balance high TAVR costs with the ability to offer a complete array of state-of-the-art therapies for aortic stenosis. This trade-off often results in decreased access to TAVR services by patients cared for in hospitals that cannot afford these services or have difficulty meeting procedural requirements, recruiting skilled physicians, and initiating and then maintaining a functioning TAVR program. The lack of access is more common among patients of color or those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. The purpose of this review is to describe the hospital-level economic considerations of TAVR in the United States and the resulting effects on geographic, racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic access for Americans.
Novel Risk Model to Predict Emergency Department Associated Mortality for Patients Supported With a Ventricular Assist Device: The Emergency Department–Ventricular Assist Device Risk Score
Authors: Edelson Jonathan B. , Edwards Jonathan J. , Katcoff Hannah , Mondal Antara , Chen Feiyan , Reza Nosheen , Hanff Thomas C. , Griffis Heather , Mazurek Jeremy A. , Wald Joyce , Burstein Danielle S. , Atluri Pavan , O’Connor Matthew J. , Goldberg Lee R. , Zamani Payman , Groeneveld Peter W. , Rossano Joseph W. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Birati Edo Y.
Published: January 2022

Background

The past decade has seen tremendous growth in patients with ambulatory ventricular assist devices. We sought to identify patients that present to the emergency department (ED) at the highest risk of death.

Methods and Results

This retrospective analysis of ED encounters from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample includes 2010 to 2017. Using a random sampling of patient encounters, 80% were assigned to development and 20% to validation cohorts. A risk model was derived from independent predictors of mortality. Each patient encounter was assigned to 1 of 3 groups based on risk score.

A total of 44 042 ED ventricular assist device patient encounters were included. The majority of patients were male (73.6%), <65 years old (60.1%), and 29% presented with bleeding, stroke, or device complication. Independent predictors of mortality during the ED visit or subsequent admission included age ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3–4.6), primary diagnoses (stroke [OR, 19.4; 95% CI, 13.1–28.8], device complication [OR, 10.1; 95% CI, 6.5–16.7], cardiac [OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.7–6.1], infection [OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 3.5–8.9]), and blood transfusion (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.8–4.0), whereas history of hypertension was protective (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.5–0.9). The risk score predicted mortality areas under the curve of 0.78 and 0.71 for development and validation. Encounters in the highest risk score strata had a 16‐fold higher mortality compared with the lowest risk group (15.8% versus 1.0%).

Conclusions

We present a novel risk score and its validation for predicting mortality of patients with ED ventricular assist devices, a high‐risk, and growing, population.
Prognostic Value of T1 Mapping and Feature Tracking by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Signs and Symptoms Suspecting Heart Failure and No Clinical Evidence of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Seno Ayako , Antiochos Panagiotis , Lichtenfeld Helena , Rickers Eva , Qamar Iqra , Ge Yin , Blankstein Ron , Steigner Michael , Aghayev Ayaz , Jerosch‐Herold Michael , Kwong Raymond Y.
Published: January 2022

Background

The ability of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiac magnetic resonance for risk stratification in suspected heart failure is limited. We aimed to evaluate the incremental prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance‐assessed extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with signs and symptoms suspecting heart failure and no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

A total of 474 consecutive patients (57±21 years of age, 56% men) with heart failure‐related symptoms and absence of coronary artery disease underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. After median follow‐up of 18 months, 59 (12%) experienced the outcome of all‐cause death or heart failure hospitalization (DeathCHF). In univariate analysis, cardiac magnetic resonance‐assessed LVEF, LGE, GLS, and ECV were all significantly associated with DeathCHF. Adjusted for a multivariable baseline model including age, sex, LVEF and LGE, ECV, and GLS separately maintained a significant association with DeathCHF (ECV, hazard ratio [HR], 1.44 per 1 SD increase; 95% CI 1.13–1.84;
P
=0.003, and GLS, HR, 1.78 per 1 SD increase; 95% CI, 1.06–2.96;
P
=0.028 respectively). Adding both GLS and ECV to the baseline model significantly improved model discrimination (C statistic from 0.749 to 0.782,
P
=0.017) and risk reclassification (integrated discrimination improvement 0.046 [0.015–0.076],
P
=0.003; continuous net reclassification improvement 0.378 [0.065–0.752],
P
<0.001) for DeathCHF, beyond LVEF and LGE.

Conclusions

In patients with signs and symptoms suspecting heart failure and no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, joint assessment of GLS and ECV provides incremental prognostic value for DeathCHF, independent of LVEF and LGE.
DNase 1 Protects From Increased Thrombin Generation and Venous Thrombosis During Aging: Cross‐Sectional Study in Mice and Humans
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Sonkar Vijay K. , Swamy Jagadish , Ahmed Azaj , Sharathkumar Anjali A. , Pierce Gary L. , Dayal Sanjana
Published: January 2022

Background

Human aging is associated with increased risk of thrombosis, but the mechanisms are poorly defined. We hypothesized that aging induces peroxide‐dependent release of neutrophil extracellular traps that contribute to thrombin generation and thrombosis.

Methods and Results

We studied C57BL6J mice and littermates of glutathione peroxidase‐1 transgenic and wild‐type mice at young (4 month) and old (20 month) ages and a healthy cohort of young (18–39 years) or middle‐aged/older (50–72 years) humans. In plasma, we measured thrombin generation potential and components of neutrophil extracellular traps (cell‐free DNA and citrullinated histone). Aged wild‐type mice displayed a significant increase in thrombin generation that was decreased in aged glutathione peroxidase‐1 transgenic mice. Both aged wild‐type and aged glutathione peroxidase‐1 transgenic mice demonstrated similar elevation of plasma cell‐free DNA compared with young mice. In contrast, plasma levels of citrullinated histone were not altered with age or genotype. Release of neutrophil extracellular traps from neutrophils in vitro was also similar between young and aged wild‐type or glutathione peroxidase‐1 transgenic mice. Treatment of plasma or mice with DNase 1 decreased age‐associated increases in thrombin generation, and DNase 1 treatment blocked the development of experimental venous thrombi in aged C57BL6J mice. Similarly, thrombin generation potential and plasma cell‐free DNA, but not citrullinated histone, were higher in middle‐aged/older humans, and treatment of plasma with DNase 1 reversed the increase in thrombin generation.

Conclusions

We conclude that DNase 1 limits thrombin generation and protects from venous thrombosis during aging, likely by hydrolyzing cell‐free DNA.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Symptoms in the REGARDS Study
Authors: Reading Turchioe Meghan , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Goyal Parag , Merkler Alexander E. , Kamel Hooman , Cushman Mary , Soroka Orysya , Masterson Creber Ruth , Safford Monika M.
Published: January 2022

Background

It is unknown if stroke symptoms in the absence of a stroke diagnosis are a sign of subtle cardioembolic phenomena. The objective of this study was to examine associations between atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke symptoms among adults with no clinical history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Methods and Results

We evaluated associations between AF and self‐reported stroke symptoms in the national, prospective REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) cohort. We conducted cross‐sectional (n=27 135) and longitudinal (n=21 932) analyses over 8 years of follow‐up of REGARDS participants without stroke/transient ischemic attack and stratified by anticoagulant or antiplatelet agent use. The mean age was 64.4 (SD±9.4) years, 55.3% were women, and 40.8% were Black participants; 28.6% of participants with AF reported stroke symptoms. In the cross‐sectional analysis, comparing participants with and without AF, the risk of stroke symptoms was elevated for adults with AF taking neither anticoagulants nor antiplatelet agents (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.89–2.59) or antiplatelet agents only (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.61–2.29) but not for adults with AF taking anticoagulants (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.71–1.65). In the longitudinal analysis, the risk of stroke symptoms was also elevated for adults with AF taking neither anticoagulants nor antiplatelet agents (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21–1.66) or antiplatelet agents only (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.46) but not for adults with AF taking anticoagulants (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.62–1.18).

Conclusions

Stroke symptoms in the absence of a stroke diagnosis may represent subclinical cardioembolic phenomena or “whispering strokes.” Future studies examining the benefit of stroke symptom screening may be warranted.
Effectiveness of a School‐Based Educational Intervention to Improve Hypertension Control Among Schoolteachers: A Cluster‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mini G. K. , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Sarma Prabhakaran Sankara , Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
Published: January 2022

Background

The control of hypertension is low in low‐ and middle‐income countries like India. We evaluated the effects of a nurse‐facilitated educational intervention in improving the control rate of hypertension among school teachers in India.

Methods and Results

This was a cluster‐randomized controlled trial involving 92 schools in Kerala, which were randomly assigned equally into a usual care group and an intervention group. Participants were 402 school teachers (mean age, 47 years; men, 29%) identified with hypertension. Participants in both study groups received a leaflet containing details of a healthy lifestyle and the importance of regular intake of antihypertensive medication. In addition, the intervention participants received a nurse‐facilitated educational intervention on hypertension control for 3 months. The primary outcome was hypertension control. Key secondary outcomes included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the proportion of participants taking antihypertensive medications. For the primary outcome, we used mixed‐effects logistic regression models. Two months after a 3‐month educational intervention, a greater proportion of intervention participants (49.0%) achieved hypertension control than the usual care participants (38.2%), with an odds ratio of 1.89 (95% CI, 1.06–3.35), after adjusting for baseline hypertension control. The odds of taking antihypertensive medications were 1.6 times higher in the intervention group compared with the usual care group (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08–2.45). The reduction in mean systolic blood pressure was significantly greater in the intervention group by 4.2 mm Hg (95% CI, −7.2 to −1.1) than in the usual care group.

Conclusions

A nurse‐facilitated educational intervention was effective in improving the control and treatment rates of hypertension as well as reducing systolic blood pressure among schoolteachers with hypertension.

Registration

URL:
https://www.ctri.nic.in
; Unique Identifier: CTRI/2018/01/011402.
Ajmaline‐Induced Abnormalities in Brugada Syndrome: Evaluation With ECG Imaging
Authors: Pannone Luigi , Monaco Cinzia , Sorgente Antonio , Vergara Pasquale , Calburean Paul‐Adrian , Gauthey Anaïs , Bisignani Antonio , Kazawa Shuichiro , Strazdas Antanas , Mojica Joerelle , Lipartiti Felicia , Al Housari Maysam , Miraglia Vincenzo , Rizzi Sergio , Sofianos Dimitrios , Cecchini Federico , Osório Thiago Guimarães , Paparella Gaetano , Ramak Robbert , Overeinder Ingrid , Bala Gezim , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Pappaert Gudrun , Sieira Juan , Brugada Pedro , La Meir Mark , Chierchia Gian‐Battista , de Asmundis Carlo
Published: January 2022

Background

The rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Brugada syndrome (BrS) is ≈1%/y. Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging is a noninvasive mapping system that has a role in assessing BrS depolarization and repolarization abnormalities. This study aimed to analyze electrocardiographic imaging parameters during ajmaline test (AJT).

Methods and Results

All consecutive epicardial maps of the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT‐EPI) in BrS with CardioInsight were retrospectively analyzed. (1) RVOT‐EPI activation time (RVOT‐AT); (2) RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and (3) RVOT‐EPI activation‐recovery interval (RVOT‐ARI) were calculated. ∆RVOT‐AT, ∆RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and ∆RVOT‐ARI were defined as the difference in parameters before and after AJT. SCD‐BrS patients were defined as individuals presenting a history of aborted SCD. Thirty‐nine patients with BrS were retrospectively analyzed and 12 patients (30.8%) were SCD‐BrS. After AJT, an increase in both RVOT‐AT [105.9 milliseconds versus 65.8 milliseconds,P<0.001] and RVOT‐EPI recovery time [403.4 milliseconds versus 365.7 milliseconds,P<0.001] was observed. No changes occurred in RVOT‐ARI [297.5 milliseconds versus 299.9 milliseconds,P=0.7]. Before AJT no differences were observed between SCD‐BrS and non SCD‐BrS in RVOT‐AT, RVOT‐EPI recovery time, and RVOT‐ARI (P=0.9,P=0.91,P=0.86, respectively). Following AJT, SCD‐BrS patients showed higher RVOT‐AT, higher ∆RVOT‐AT, lower RVOT‐ARI, and lower ∆RVOT‐ARI (P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.007,P=0.002, respectively). At the univariate logistic regression, predictors of SCD‐BrS were the following: RVOT‐AT after AJT (specificity: 0.74, sensitivity 1.00, area under the curve 0.92); ∆RVOT‐AT (specificity: 0.74, sensitivity 0.92, area under the curve 0.86); RVOT‐ARI after AJT (specificity 0.96, sensitivity 0.58, area under the curve 0.79), and ∆RVOT‐ARI (specificity 0.85, sensitivity 0.67, area under the curve 0.76).

Conclusions

Noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging can be useful in evaluating the results of AJT in BrS.
Michael Polanyi’s Personal Knowledge as a Work of Alchemy in the Jungian Sense
Authors: Barnes Collin D.
Published: January 2022

A climactic moment appears in Michael Polanyi’s Personal Knowledge when he describes the modern predicament of humanity as a second ejection from paradise triggered by the uneasy discovery that our knowledge cannot be justified objectively. Polanyi’s philosophy is a response to the cataclysmic consequences of this second fall from grace. It seeks to establish a “balance of mind” that yields neither to the Scylla of objectivism nor the Charybdis of nihilism. Such themes are reminiscent of Jungian psychology and the process of individuation, yet there is no evidence that Polanyi appreciated this. That he nevertheless employs metaphors and ideas suggestive of the psychical transformations recorded by alchemists is telling. It raises the possibility that while his work is evidently concerned with epistemology, it is, at another level, a highly sophisticated depiction of psychological growth—both for Polanyi, and for anyone who accepts his invitation to join the opus.
Jesuit Sanctity: Hypothesizing the Continuity of a Hagiographic Narrative of the Modern Age
Authors: Motta Franco , Rai Eleonora
Published: January 2022

The introduction to this special issue provides some considerations on early modern sanctity as a historical object. It firstly presents the major shifts in the developing idea of sanctity between the late medieval period and the nineteenth century, passing through the early modern construction of sanctity and its cultural, social, and political implications. Secondly, it provides an overview of the main sources that allow historians to retrace early modern sanctity, especially canonization records and hagiographies. Thirdly, it offers an overview of the ingenious role of the Society of Jesus in the construction of early modern sanctity, by highlighting its ability to employ, create, and play with hagiographical models. The main Jesuit models of sanctity are then presented (i.e., the theologian, the missionary, the martyr, the living saint), and an important reflection is reserved for the specific martyrial character of Jesuit sanctity. The introduction assesses the continuity of the Jesuit hagiographical discourse throughout the long history of the order, from the origins to the suppression and restoration.
Finding Martyrs at Home?: Jesuit Attempts at Redefining Martyrdom in the Seventeenth Century and Their Censure
Authors: Gay Jean-Pascal
Published: January 2022

Pope Francis’s recent recognition of the death of several priests active in Guatemala in the 1980s as martyrdom has reminded the public of a long-term hesitation within Catholicism as to the boundaries of martyrdom. Key aspects of the history of this hesitation played out in the seventeenth century. Several religious orders—most prominently the Jesuits—argued for a redefinition of martyrdom that would include the so-called “martyrdom of charity” (i.e. the death of those who had imperiled their lives to care for the sick). Among the theologians that entered the fray to advocate for such a redefinition, the most prominent is certainly Theophile Raynaud (the “new Bellarmine” of the mid seventeenth century) whose De martyrio per pestem was censured with other texts that promoted the same position, when the Inquisition decided to take a stand against the campaign for the redefinition of martyrdom. By studying Raynaud’s and other treatises, as well as their censure, this paper will try to assess the significance of this debate for Jesuit history and that of early modern Catholicism. It will try and show how it connected with the theological controversies of the time but also how it pertained to an issue within the order, namely that of the hierarchy of ministries that sometimes weighed on how the order operated, particularly in Europe.
Notes on Carex (Cyperaceae) from China (VII): new synonyms and imperfectly known species
Authors: JIN SHUI-HU , LU YI-FEI , CHEN WEI-JIE , JIN XIAO-FENG
Published: January 2022

Based on literature survey, examination of type specimens and fieldwork, seven names of Carex are synonymized in the present paper: viz. Carex hypoblephara reduced to a synonym of C. glossostigma; C. dayunshanensis and C. wuyishanensis to synonyms of C. graciliflora; C. dolichogyne to a synonym of C. truncatigluma; C. kwangtoushanica to a synonym of C. tatsiensis; and C. martini to a synonym of C. rhynchophora. The holotype of Carex fokienensis is identified and confirmed at P. The putative endemic species Carex macrosandra (basionym: C. lanceolata var. macrosandra) is synonymized to C. lanceolata, whereas C. cavaleriensis, considered a synonym of the former, is here recognized as a distinct species. A lectotype is designated for C. lanceolata var. macrosandra.
miR-16 Inhibits Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERK) Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) Signaling to Affect Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Invasion of Glioma Cells
Authors: Sun Peng , Fan Duojiao , Cao Jing , Zhou Haiyan , Yang Fan , Li Hengzhou , Fan Tao
Published: January 2022

Abnormal MEK1 expression is associated with tumor cell EMT, invasion and metastasis. Decreased miR-16 level is associated with glioma. Bioinformatics analysis showed a relationship between miR-16 and MEK1. This study assessed whether miR-16 regulates MEK1 expression and affects glioma cell EMT and invasion. The tumor tissues and adjacent glioma tissues were collected to measure miR-16 and MEK1 mRNA. The dual luciferase assay validated the relation of miR-16 with MEK1. U251 cells were cultured and assigned into NC group and mimic group, followed by analysis of cell biological behaviors, and MEK1, p-ERK1/2, E-cadherin, N-Cadherin expression. Compared with adjacent tissues, miR-16 expression was significantly decreased and MEK1 was elevated in glioma tissues. Compared with HEB, miR-16 in glioma U251 and SHG44 cells was decreased and MEK1 was increased. Dual luciferase reporter gene experiments confirmed the relation of miR-16 with MEK1. Transfection of miR-16 mimic significantly down-regulated MEK1, p-ERK1/2 and N-cadherin in U251 cells, upregulated E-cadherin, inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and attenuated EMT and invasion of glioma cells. In conclusion, decreased miR-16 expression and increased MEK1 expression is related to glioma pathogenesis. Overexpression of miR-16 can inhibit MEK1 expression, ERK/MAPK signaling, glioma cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and attenuate EMT and invasion.
miR-375 Regulates the Proliferation, Apoptosis and Colony Formation of Thyroid Cancer Cells via Targeting YAP1
Authors: Zhu Shunfu , Jiang Neng , Zhu Jianjun
Published: January 2022

Objective: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. Abnormal miR-375 level was related to thyroid cancer. Software predicted a relationship between miR-375 and YAP1. Our study investigated whether miR-375 regulates YAP1 expression and affects thyroid cancer cells.Methods: The tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of thyroid cancer patients were collected to measure miR-375 and YAP1 expression. The dual luciferase reporter experiment verified the regulation between miR-375 and YAP1. Thyroid cancer cell line B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells were divided into miR-NC group and miR-375 mimic group followed by analysis of cell proliferation by flow cytometry, caspase-3 activity, and cell clone formation ability by plate cloning assay.Results: Compared with adjacent cancer tissues, miR-375 in thyroid cancer tissues was decreased and YAP1 was increased. miR-375 targets YAP1. Compared with Nthy-ori 3-1 cells, miR-375 in B-CPAP and TPC-1 cells was significantly reduced and YAP1 was increased. Transfection with miR-375 mimic significantly inhibited cell proliferation, increase caspase-3 activity, and reduced the ability of cells to form clones.Conclusion: miR-375 can inhibit YAP1 expression, decrease the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells, induce cell apoptosis, and reduce clone formation.
Research on the Enhancement Mechanism of Dihydromyricetin on the Inhibitory Role of Cisplatin Towards Breast Cancer Cell Activity
Authors: Chunlin Ke , Feng Dong , Peirong Wang
Published: January 2022

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate Enhancement Mechanism of Dihydromyricetin (DMY) on the Inhibitory Role of Cisplatin Towards Breast Cancer Cell Activity. Materials and Methods: The MCF-7 were divided into NC, DMY, Cis and DMY+Cis groups. Using relative
methods (MTT, TUNEL, Transwell, flow cytometry and wound healing) to evaluate MCF-7 cell biological activities including cell viability, apoptosis, invasion cell number and wound healing rate. The relative proteins expressions including FOXO-1, Noxa, Bim, Cyto C, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Apaf-1
were evaluated by WB assay. Results: MCF-7 cell viability, invasion cell number and wound healing rates were significantly depressed and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in DMY, Cis and DMY+Cis groups (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with Cis group, cell viability,
invasion cell number and wound healing rates were significantly depressed and apoptosis rate were significantly increased in DMY+Cis group (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dihydromyricetin can effectively enhance the inhibitory effect of cisplatin on breast cancer cells.
Etomidate Alleviates Ischemia-Anoxia Reperfusion Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting the Activation of traf6-Regulated NF-KB Signaling
Authors: Lin Gen , Long Ruichun , Yang Xiaoqing , Mao Songsong , Li Hongying
Published: January 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the role of etomidate in intestinal cell ischemia and hypoxia-reperfusion injury and potential mechanisms.Method: In this study, we establish the intestinal epithelial cells ischemia-reperfusion modelin vitro. CCK8 was used to detect cell viability and flow cytometry assay was used to detect apoptosis levels of treated OGD/R model cells. ELISA measured the expression level of oxidative stress factors and inflammatory factors. Furthermore, western blot assay was used to detect the expression the apoptosis-related factors and TNFR-associated factors in treated OGD/R model cells.Result: Etomidate does not affect the activity of intestinal epithelial cells, and can protect intestinal epithelial cells to reduce ischemiareperfusion injury, and the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in cells with mild intestinal epithelial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Etomidate alleviates apoptosis of intestinal epithelial ischemia-reperfusion injury cells. Etomidate inhibits the activation of traf6-mediated NF-κB signal during ischemia-anoxia reperfusion of intestinal epithelial cells.Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that etomidate attenuates inflammatory response and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells during ischemic hypoxia-reperfusion injury and inhibits activation of NF-κB signaling regulated by TRAF6.
Impact of Indian and East Asian Summer Monsoons on the Diurnal Temperature Range of the Low-Latitude Highlands of China in the Rainy Season
Authors: Cao Jie , Wen Dayong , Yang Ruowen , Zhu Yingmo
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the impact of the Indian and East Asian summer monsoons on the diurnal temperature range (DTR) in the low-latitude highlands of China (CLLH) based on in situ DTR observations, ERA5 data, and numerical simulations. Diagnoses indicate that the DTR in the CLLH shows a significant positive correlation with the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and a negative correlation with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). When a strengthened ISM occurs with a weakened EASM, an anomalous anticyclonic circulation with downward motion is excited over the CLLH. This anomalous circulation pattern increases the DTR in the rainy season by reducing the medium and high cloud cover in the CLLH. A weakened ISM with a strengthened EASM decreases the DTR over the CLLH in the rainy season. Numerical experiments help to verify this crucial physical process linking the variability of the ISM and EASM with the DTR in the CLLH. The model results further indicate that the covariability of ISM and EASM contributes most to the variability of the rainy season DTR in the CLLH, followed by the individual variability of the EASM; the smallest contribution to the rainy season DTR in the CLLH is the individual variability of the ISM.
Does Model Calibration Reduce Uncertainty in Climate Projections?
Authors: Tett Simon F. B. , Gregory Jonathan M. , Freychet Nicolas , Cartis Coralia , Mineter Michael J. , Roberts Lindon
Published: January 2022

Uncertainty in climate projections is large as shown by the likely uncertainty ranges in equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of 2.5–4 K and in the transient climate response (TCR) of 1.4–2.2 K. Uncertainty in model projections could arise from the way in which unresolved processes are represented, the parameter values used, or the targets for model calibration. We show that, in two climate model ensembles that were objectively calibrated to minimize differences from observed large-scale atmospheric climatology, uncertainties in ECS and TCR are about 2–6 times smaller than in the CMIP5 or CMIP6 multimodel ensemble. We also find that projected uncertainties in surface temperature, precipitation, and annual extremes are relatively small. Residual uncertainty largely arises from unconstrained sea ice feedbacks. The more than 20-year-old HadAM3 standard model configuration simulates observed hemispheric-scale observations and preindustrial surface temperatures about as well as the median CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles while the optimized configurations simulate these better than almost all the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. Hemispheric-scale observations and preindustrial temperatures are not systematically better simulated in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 although the CMIP6 ensemble seems to better simulate patterns of large-scale observations than the CMIP5 ensemble and the optimized HadAM3 configurations. Our results suggest that most CMIP models could be improved in their simulation of large-scale observations by systematic calibration. However, the uncertainty in climate projections (for a given scenario) likely largely arises from the choice of parameterization schemes for unresolved processes (“structural uncertainty”), with different tuning targets another possible contributor.

Significance Statement

Climate models represent unresolved phenomena controlled by uncertain parameters. Changes in these parameters impact how well a climate model simulates current climate and its climate projections. Multiple calibrations of a single climate model, using an objective method, to large-scale atmospheric observations are performed. These models produce very similar climate projections at both global and regional scales. An analysis that combines uncertainties in observations with simulated sensitivity to observations and climate response also has small uncertainty showing that, for this model, current observations constrain climate projections. Recently developed climate models have a broad range of abilities to simulate large-scale climate with only some improvement in their ability to simulate this despite a decade of model development.
Benefits of Smoothing Backgrounds and Radar Reflectivity Observations for Multiscale Data Assimilation with an Ensemble Kalman Filter at Convective Scales: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Sodhi Jagdeep Singh , Fabry Frédéric
Published: January 2022

In the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the covariance localization radius is usually small when assimilating radar observations because of high density of the radar observations. This makes the region away from precipitation difficult to correct using only radar data stating “no echo” if no other observations are available, as there is no reason to correct the background. To correct errors away from innovating radar observations, a multiscale localization (MLoc) method adapted to dense observations like those from radar is proposed. In this method, different scales are corrected successively by using the same reflectivity observations, but with a different degree of smoothing and localization radius at each step. In the context of observing system simulation experiments, single and multiple assimilation experiments are conducted with the MLoc method. Results show that the MLoc assimilation updates areas that are away from the innovative observations and improves on average the analysis and forecast quality in single cycle and cycling assimilation experiments. The forecast gains are maintained until the end of the forecast period, illustrating the benefits of correcting different scales.
Kangaroo Court: The Black Power Movement and the Courtroom as a Space of Resistance
Authors: Bell Joyce M.
Published: January 2022

Scholars in many disciplines have examined how social movements use the law to create social change. While the study of the law and social movements has largely relied on studies of the US civil rights movement to develop theoretical tools for understanding how movements target the state to create legal changes, none of these studies have examined the legal strategy of the Black Power movement. This article draws on data from a larger project on Black Power law and the National Conference of Black Lawyers to develop the idea of the courtroom as contested space and construct a concept of courtroom resistance. I argue that the courtroom, operating as hegemonic white space, was viewed as a site of contestation by Black Power activists who found creative ways to challenge the legal, ideological, and physical “space” of the courtroom. These conceptual tools open an important avenue for researchers interested in examining the relationship between social movements and the law and how race operates in the courts.
Anastomotic Outcomes in Military Exploratory Laparotomies in the Modern Combat Era
Authors: Walker Patrick F. , Bozzay Joseph D. , Schechtman David W. , Shaikh Faraz , Stewart Laveta , Carson M. Leigh , Tribble David R. , Rodriguez Carlos J. , Bradley Matthew J. ,   on behalf of the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study Group
Published: January 2022

Background

Intestinal anastomoses in military settings are performed in severely injured patients who often undergo damage control laparotomy in austere environments. We describe anastomotic outcomes of patients from recent wars.

Methods

Military personnel with combat-related intra-abdominal injuries (June 2009-December 2014) requiring laparotomy with resection and anastomosis were analyzed. Patients were evacuated from Iraq or Afghanistan to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (Germany) before being transferred to participating U.S. military hospitals.

Results

Among 341 patients who underwent 1053 laparotomies, 87 (25.5%) required ≥1 anastomosis. Stapled anastomosis only was performed in 57.5% of patients, while hand-sewn only was performed in 14.9%, and 9.2% had both stapled and hand-sewn techniques (type unknown for 18.4%). Anastomotic failure occurred in 15% of patients. Those with anastomotic failure required more anastomoses (median 2 anastomoses, interquartile range [IQR] 1-3 vs. 1 anastomosis, IQR 1-2, P = .03) and more total laparotomies (median 5 laparotomies, IQR 3-12 vs. 3, IQR 2-4, P = .01). There were no leaks in patients that had only hand-sewn anastomoses, though a significant difference was not seen with those who had stapled anastomoses. While there was an increasing trend regarding surgical site infections (SSIs) with anastomotic failure after excluding superficial SSIs, it was not significant. There was no difference in mortality.

Discussion

Military trauma patients have a similar anastomotic failure rate to civilian trauma patients. Patients with anastomotic failure were more likely to have had more anastomoses and more total laparotomies. No definitive conclusions can be drawn about anastomotic outcome differences between hand-sewn and stapled techniques.
Reference interval for serum concentration of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the healthy Japanese population
Authors: Nakamura Marie , Yamamoto Yasushi , Imaoka Wataru , Kuroshima Toshio , Toragai Ryoko , Ito Yasuki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Ai Masumi
Published: January 2022

Background

Small dense low-density lipoprotein a smaller and denser subfraction among whole low density lipoprotein particles is known to be highly atherogenic. The reference interval (RI) is not strictly defined for serum concentration of sdLDL-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) in Japan. The purpose of this study is to set the reference interval for sdLDL-C in healthy subjects.

Methods

The population of this cross-sectional study was consisted of 40,862 individuals who had annual health checkups, and healthy subjects were extracted based on exclusion criteria such as medical history, social history, and blood sampling test results. Their serum sdLDL-C values were statistically analyzed and the RIs were set in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women separately.

Results

The mean values of serum sdLDL-C in healthy subjects were 23.9 mg/dL in men, 20.0 mg/dL in premenopausal women and 23.7 mg/dL in postmenopausal women, and the RIs were 12.6–45.3 mg/dL in men, 11.4–35.1 mg/dL in premenopausal women and 14.6–38.6 mg/dL in postmenopausal women. Serum sdLDL-C values were significantly higher in men than in women. Besides, sdLDL-C values were significantly higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. In both genders, sdLDL-C values tended to increase with age.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the RIs for sdLDL-C are recommended as follows: 13–45 mg/dL in men, 11–35 mg/dL in premenopausal women, and 15–39 mg/dL in postmenopausal women, respectively. Aside from these RIs, it is also necessary to define clinical cutoff values graded according to individual risk levels for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Does International Fragmentation of Production and Global Value Chains Participation Affect the Long-run Economic Growth?
Authors: Hermida Camila do Carmo , Santos Anderson Moreira Aristides dos , Bittencourt Mauricio Vaz Lobo
Published: January 2022

This article aims to investigate whether the international fragmentation of production and the global value chains (hereafter GVCs) participation affects the economic growth for a set of 40 advanced and emerging economies. It considers four aspects related to the type of participation and position in GVCs captured by different value-added measures: (a) vertical specialisation index; (b) GVC participation index; (c) GVC position index in low-tech sectors; and (d) GVC position index in high-tech sectors. A panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) model is pioneeringly employed to capture the long-term relationship between economic growth and our four measures for annual value-added data from 1995 to 2011, provided by the World Input–Output Tables (WIOT). The main long-run results indicate that (a) higher levels of international fragmentation of production and GVCs’ participation ensure higher GDP per capita growth rates; (b) the fragmentation and GVCs’ participation are more important to GDP growth than the gross exports as a percentage of GDP; (c) GVCs’ participation index, which considers both the ‘forward’ and ‘backward’ participation, is less important than the vertical specialisation, measured by the foreign intermediate imports; and (d the countries engaged in upstream positions in low-technology GVCs were positively and significantly benefitted in terms of growth.

JEL Codes: F14, F43
Placing automobility in postcolonial cities: Towards an ontology of a displaced past
Authors: Gopakumar Govind
Published: January 2022

The mobility turn offers a rich terrain for research to investigate the exercise of politics and power in movement through attention to associated meanings and practices. Despite this, the ontologies that can anchor this research within a historical imagination remains largely uncharted. Happily for us, coming from the opposite direction history, and especially the field of transport history, has grappled with mobilizing history in the face of the mobility turn. Several scholars have offered “usable past” as a mode of mobilizing mobility cultures of the past to inform policy actors about future choices. But is the ontology of a usable past appropriate for countries enmeshed within pre/post/colonial histories of displacement in their society and culture? Employing a case of automobilization in the city of Bengaluru in India, this paper sketches an exposition of the “displaced past” in sedimented residues that continues to live and contest the enterprise of automobility.