bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Double-calibration estimators accounting for under-coverage and nonresponse in socio-economic surveys
Authors: Dickson Maria Michela , Espa Giuseppe , Fattorini Lorenzo , Santi Flavio
Published: March 2022

Under-coverage and nonresponse problems are jointly present in most socio-economic surveys. The purpose of this paper is to propose an estimation strategy that accounts for both problems by performing a two-step calibration. The first calibration exploits a set of auxiliary variables only available for the units in the sampled population to account for nonresponse. The second calibration exploits a different set of auxiliary variables available for the whole population, to account for under-coverage. The two calibrations are then unified in a double-calibration estimator. Mean and variance of the estimator are derived up to the first order of approximation. Conditions ensuring approximate unbiasedness are derived and discussed. The strategy is empirically checked by a simulation study performed on a set of artificial populations. A case study is derived from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey data. The strategy proposed is flexible and suitable in most situations in which both under-coverage and nonresponse are present.
Zines as community archive
Authors: Baker Sarah , Cantillon Zelmarie
Published: March 2022

Zines are self-published, do-it-yourself booklets that have a long history as tools for activism in social movements. While archival studies has already explored the collection and preservation of zines as cultural artefacts, this article explores the capacity for zines to act as a form of community archive. The article examines See You at the Paradise, a zine co-created with Norfolk Island community members for a research project focused on Kingston and Arthur’s Vale Historic Area. Drawing on Michelle Caswell’s six principles of community archive discourse—participation, shared stewardship, multiplicity, activism, reflexivity, valuing affect—we analyse the extent to which zines and zine-making, as product and process, can be understood as community archive. In doing so, we propose collaborative reminiscence as a seventh principle. The article finds that zines, as community archive, work to strengthen the presence of marginalised voices in dominant historical narratives while also offering an important resource for community-building and political resistance.
Is Empathy the Key to Effective Teaching? A Systematic Review of Its Association with Teacher-Student Interactions and Student Outcomes
Authors: Aldrup Karen , Carstensen Bastian , Klusmann Uta
Published: March 2022

Teachers’ social-emotional competence has received increasing attention in educational psychology for about a decade and has been suggested to be an important prerequisite for the quality of teacher-student interactions and student outcomes. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge about the association between one central component of teachers’ social-emotional competence—their empathy—with these indicators of teaching effectiveness. After all, empathy appears to be a particularly promising determinant for explaining high-quality teacher-student interactions, especially emotional support for students and, in turn, positive student development from a theoretical perspective. A systematic literature research yielded 41 records relevant for our article. Results indicated that teachers reporting more empathy with victims of bullying in hypothetical scenarios indicated a greater likelihood to intervene. However, there was neither consistent evidence for a relationship between teachers’ empathy and the degree to which they supported students emotionally in general, nor with classroom management, instructional support, or student outcomes. Notably, most studies asked teachers for a self-evaluation of their empathy, whereas assessments based on objective criteria were underrepresented. We discuss how these methodological decisions limit the conclusions we can draw from prior studies and outline perspective for future research in teachers’ empathy.
Treatment of vascular graft infections: gentamicin-coated ePTFE grafts reveals strong antibacterial properties in vitro
Authors: Lazic Igor , Obermeier Andreas , Dietmair Bettina , Kempf Wolfgang E. , Busch Albert , Tübel Jutta , Schneider Jochen , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Biberthaler Peter , Burgkart Rainer , Pförringer Dominik
Published: March 2022

Vascular graft infections (VGI) are severe complications in prosthetic vascular surgery with an incidence ranging from 1 to 6%. In these cases, synthetic grafts are commonly used in combination with antimicrobial agents. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is in clinical use as a synthetic graft material and shows promising results by influencing bacterial adhesion. However, the literature on antibiotic-bound ePTFE grafts is scarce. Gentamicin is a frequently used antibiotic for local treatment of surgical site infections, but has not been evaluated as antimicrobial agent on ePTFE grafts. In this study, we examine the antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of novel types of gentamicin-coated ePTFE grafts in vitro. ePTFE grafts coated with gentamicin salt formulations with covalently-bound palmitate were evaluated in two drug concentrations (GP1.75% and GP3.5%). To investigate effects from types of formulations, also suspensions of gentamicin in palmitate as well as polylactide were used at comparable levels (GS + PA and GS + R203). Antibacterial efficacies were estimated by employing a zone of inhibition, growth inhibition and bacterial adhesion assay againstStaphylococcus aureus(SA). Cytotoxicity was determined with murine fibroblasts according to the ISO standard 10993-5. Gentamicin-coated ePTFE grafts show low bacterial adherence and strong antibacterial properties in vitro against SA. Bactericidal inhibition lasted until day 11. Highest biocompatibility was achieved using gentamicin palmitate GP1.75% coated ePTFE grafts. ePTFE grafts with gentamicin-coating are effective in vitro against SA growth and adherence. Most promising results regarding antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility were shown with chemically bounded gentamicin palmitate GP1.75% coatings.
Three-dimensional printing of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite bone tissue engineering scaffolds mechanical properties and biological behavior
Authors: Rezania Naghme , Asadi-Eydivand Mitra , Abolfathi Nabiollah , Bonakdar Shahin , Mehrjoo Morteza , Solati-Hashjin Mehran
Published: March 2022

Controlled pore size and desirable internal architecture of bone scaffolds play a significant role in bone regeneration efficiency. In addition to choosing appropriate materials, the manufacturing method is another significant factor in fabricating the ideal scaffold. In this study, scaffolds were designed and fabricated by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and composites films with various percentages of hydroxyapatite (HA) (up to 20%wt) were used to fabricate filaments. The influence of (HA) addition on the mechanical properties of filaments and scaffolds was investigated. in vitro biological evaluation was examined as well as the apatite formation in simulated body fluid (SBF). The addition of HA particles increased the compressive strength and Young’s modulus of filaments and consequently the scaffolds. Compared to PCL, Young’s modulus of PCL/HA20% filament and three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffold has increased by 30% and 50%, respectively. Also, Young’s modulus for all scaffolds was in the range of 30–70 MPa, which is appropriate to use in spongy bone. Besides, the MTT assay was utilized to evaluate cell viability on the scaffolds. All the samples had qualified cytocompatibility, and it would be anticipated that addition of HA particles raise the biocompatibility in vivo. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) evaluation shows that the addition of HA caused higher ALP activity in the PCL/HA scaffolds than PCL. Furthermore, calcium deposition in the PCL/HA specimens is higher than control. In conclusion, the addition of HA particles into the PCL matrix, as well as utilizing an inexpensive commercial FFF device, lead to the fabrication of scaffolds with proper mechanical and biological properties for bone tissue engineering applications.
Hybrid NOMA-based ACO-FBMC/OQAM for next-generation indoor optical wireless communications using LiFi technology
Authors: Hesham Hamis , Ismail Tawfik
Published: March 2022

Light fidelity (LiFi) has successfully achieved high data transfer rates, high security, great availability, and low interference. In this paper, we propose a LiFi system consisting of a combination of non-orthogonal multi-access (NOMA), asymmetrically-clipped optical (ACO), and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) techniques combined with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM). The paper also applies a $$\mu $$
μ
-law companding approach for a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of the FBMC/OQAM scheme. The combination of NOMA, ACO-FBMC/OQAM, and $$\mu $$
μ
-law companding allows a significant increase in throughput and a significant reduction in unserved users. Considering two scenarios, an appropriate algorithm is developed to maximize the throughput and minimize the number of blocked (unserved) users. The results show that the overall system throughput could be increased by 1.8 compared to FBMC, OFDM, and OFDM-NOMA. Furthermore, the proposed system reduces the number of unserved users below $$10\%$$

10
%

, while the system can provide 30 or $$60\%$$

60
%

in case only OFDM-NOMA, FBMC, or OFDM is applied.
‘Mad, bad, or possessed’? Perceptions of Self-Harm and Mental Illness in Evangelical Christian Communities
Authors: Lloyd Christopher E. M. , Panagopoulos Maxinne C.
Published: March 2022

Mental illness within evangelical Christian communities is frequently stigmatised, with many attributing it exclusively to demonic possession, lack of faith, personal sin, or other negative spiritual influences. This study explores perceptions of self-harm in the context of evangelical Christian faith communities using the novel qualitative story completion task. A convenience sample of 101 UK-based evangelical Christians completed a third-person fictional story stem featuring a devout female Christian who self-harms. A contextualist informed thematic analysis was carried out focusing on perceptions of cause, cure, and treatment. Most stories positioned spiritual causes of mental illness (that is, demonic possession or personal sin) as harmful to the individual by rendering individuals as stigmatised objects or as socially displaced. The stories also provided insight into negative perceptions of females experiencing mental illness within evangelical communities. The stories suggested that these views often led to stigma and shame, which ultimately exacerbated illness and led to reduced help-seeking. Conversely, stories depicting the integration of relational care alongside spiritual resources frequently led to recovery. That the stories represented the need for relational support, within a spiritually syntonic framework, for recovery from mental illness highlights the limitations of a dichotomised approach to pastoral care. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the usefulness of a seldom-used tool within the pastoral psychology context – the story completion task – for accessing sociocultural discourses and wider representations surrounding stigmatised topics or populations.
Revealing the underlying mechanisms mediated by endophytic actinobacteria to enhance the rhizobia - chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) symbiosis
Authors: Xu Ting , Vo Q. A. Tuan , Barnett Steve J. , Ballard Ross A. , Zhu Yonghua , Franco Christopher M. M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The effects of endophytic actinobacterial strains, Microbispora sp. CP56, Actinomadura sp. CP84B, Streptomyces spp. CP200B and CP21A, on the chickpea-Mesorhizobium symbiosis, were investigated in planta, with the aim of revealing the underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods

The actinobacterial endophytes were co-inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri onto chickpea seedlings to study the effect on plant growth parameters, nodulation development and grain yield. The role of actinobacterial exudates on rhizobial growth was investigated, as was the role of root exudates of actinobacteria-colonized plants on the expression of rhizobial nod factors and biofilm formation. Changes in expression of plant flavonoids and bacterial N-fixation genes resulting from actinobacterial co-inoculation were assessed using qPCR.

Results

Application of actinobacterial endophytes, together with M. ciceri, showed growth promotion of chickpea with an increase in root nodule number and weight. Enhanced nodulation was accompanied by increases in total plant nitrogen, larger total plant weight and a 2–3-fold increase in grain yield. Factors associated with this tripartite symbiosis are promotion of rhizobial growth, earlier nodule formation, increased secondary root formation, up-regulated expression of genes related to flavonoid synthesis and nif genes. In addition, exudates of chickpea roots colonised with actinobacteria increased nodulation-related biological processes - rhizobial chemotaxis, biofilm formation and nod gene expression.

Conclusion

These endophytic actinobacteria positively affect many aspects of the chickpea-Mesorhizobium symbiosis resulting in increases in grain yield. Similar improvements recorded in chickpea growing in potted field soils, shows the potential to enhance chickpea production in the field.
Higher Taxes for Fiscal Consolidation? Expected and Unexpected Effects of Municipal Tax Policy
Authors: Hesse Mario
Published: March 2022

During episodes of fiscal consolidation in public budgets, there are different instruments to choose from. The literature shows broad consensus that expenditure cuts are preferred, whereas tax increases tend not to support the fiscal aim. The paper examines instruments for fiscal consolidation at the municipal level in Germany presenting theoretical and empirical findings in favor of revenue-based instruments, focusing on the case of municipalities in the Free State of Saxony. German municipalities can autonomously control several positions on both the expenditure side and the revenue side. Options for expenditure cuts are given both for voluntary and compulsory tasks. On the revenue side, municipalities have the opportunity to set assessment rates on both local trade taxes and property taxes. For this part of the consolidation process, the prevailing opinion is that higher taxes are offset by lower grants, which is not the case in reality. Nevertheless, there are cannibalization effects to consider that may induce primary effects in the short and medium term. Hence, the paper shows an updated view of the drawbacks and opportunities of revenue-based fiscal consolidation. The paper provides evidence for an economic and political discussion that predominantly focuses strongly on the harmful effects of tax increases on the economy.
Controlling civic engagement of youth spanish muslims
Authors: Eseverri-Mayer Cecilia , Khir-Allah Ghufran
Published: March 2022

This paper focuses on Muslim Civil Society structures and, more specifically, on the gap between the organizations from the first (migrant) generation and the new grammars of action of new generations of Spanish Muslims. The originality of this article lies in its power to address three fundamental questions: (1) Are the umbrella organizations silencing the demands of Muslim youth?; (2) How do Muslim youth resist such representative hegemony? and; (3) What specific strategies are Muslim women currently developing to gain representation and involvement in mainstream Spanish society? We find evidence for new grammars of action defying traditional authorities and reject decontextualized, asynchronous Islam. Young women are engaging inbroaderandinclusiveactivism, inspired by religion affiliation in order to reinforce theirexternal solidarityand engagement in mainstream political structures. By contrast, young men are calling for a new Muslim leadership to reinforce primary solidarity and concentrate more on earning religious rights. For women, religion is avectorto participation and for men, it is aformof participation.
The Neuron Phenotype Ontology: A FAIR Approach to Proposing and Classifying Neuronal Types
Authors: Gillespie Thomas H. , Tripathy Shreejoy J. , Sy Mohameth François , Martone Maryann E. , Hill Sean L.
Published: March 2022

The challenge of defining and cataloging the building blocks of the brain requires a standardized approach to naming neurons and organizing knowledge about their properties. The US Brain Initiative Cell Census Network, Human Cell Atlas, Blue Brain Project, and others are generating vast amounts of data and characterizing large numbers of neurons throughout the nervous system. The neuroscientific literature contains many neuron names (e.g. parvalbumin-positive interneuron or layer 5 pyramidal cell) that are commonly used and generally accepted. However, it is often unclear how such common usage types relate to many evidence-based types that are proposed based on the results of new techniques. Further, comparing different types across labs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose an interoperable knowledge representation, the Neuron Phenotype Ontology (NPO), that provides a standardized and automatable approach for naming cell types and normalizing their constituent phenotypes using identifiers from community ontologies as a common language. The NPO provides a framework for systematically organizing knowledge about cellular properties and enables interoperability with existing neuron naming schemes. We evaluate the NPO by populating a knowledge base with three independent cortical neuron classifications derived from published data sets that describe neurons according to molecular, morphological, electrophysiological, and synaptic properties. Competency queries to this knowledge base demonstrate that the NPO knowledge model enables interoperability between the three test cases and neuron names commonly used in the literature.
Nachhaltigkeit in der Altersvorsorge
Authors: Steinmeyer Heinz-Dietrich
Published: March 2022

Der Begriff der Nachhaltigkeit wird inzwischen inflationär verwendet und dient zur Begründung zahlreicher Maßnahmen und Vorgehensweisen. Der Begriff wird auch in der Altersvorsorge zahlreich verwendet. Der Beitrag will der Frage nachgehen, welche Aussagekraft er im Allgemeinen und speziell für die Altersvorsorge hat. Es wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit sich der Begriff als Zielvorstellung eignet und welche konkreten Maßstäbe und Handlungsanleitungen sich aus ihm für die Altersvorsorge herleiten lassen. Es wird auch kritisch zur Verankerung des Nachhaltigkeitsgrundsatzes im primären EU-Recht und im Grundgesetz Stellung genommen. Insgesamt ergibt sich, dass die Diskussion zur Nachhaltigkeit zwar sinnvoll und wertvoll ist; sie kann aber ein abwägendes Nachdenken über die Fragen der Alterssicherung nicht ersetzen und liefert dafür auch nicht genügend konkreten Inhalt.
Computational Alloy Design for Process-Related Uncertainties in Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Molla T. T. , Atthapreyangkul A. , Schaffer G. B.
Published: March 2022

An integrated computational materials engineering approach to the design of alloys for supersolidus liquid phase sintering has been developed. The method aims to minimize the sensitivity of the alloys to variabilities in material (e.g., composition) and process parameters (e.g., temperature) during sintering while also maximizing mechanical properties. This is achieved by developing a fast acting and high throughput design models that can quantify the processability and the resulting mechanical properties. A highly processable alloy is defined as one that is tolerant to both composition and process conditions such that changes in either do not materially affect the alloy properties. The design models are validated using experimental data from the literature and the computational design approach is demonstrated by designing unique high-speed steels with enhanced processability for powder metallurgy.
Symptoms and Comorbidities Differ Based on Race and Weight Status in Persons with HIV in the Northern United States: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Butler Kierra R. , Harrell Faye R. , Rahim-Williams Bridgett , Robinson Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xuemin , Gyamfi Adwoa , Erlen Judith A. , Henderson Wendy A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Persons with HIV (PWHIV) on highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART) may require specialized care based on health and demographic indicators. This study investigated the association of comorbidities, race, weight status, and gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) symptoms among PWHIV.

Methods

The Symptom Checklist, Co-Morbidity Questionnaire, and Sociodemographic Questionnaire were used to assess weight status and GI and CV symptoms among 283 PWHIV. Data were analyzed using latent class analysis on John’s Macintosh Project 13 Platform.

Results

Participants were majority Black (50%), 69% male, and 35% AIDS diagnosed. Ages were 25 to 66. Clusters included least symptomatic status, weight gain, and weight loss by Black and non-Black participants. The non-Black weight gain cluster reported a higher incidence of AIDS (70.6% vs 38.2%), nausea (70.6% vs 17.6%), diarrhea (70.6% vs 26.5%), and shortness of breath (58.8% vs 20.6%) compared to the Black weight gain cluster. The Black weight loss cluster reported a higher incidence of CV symptoms such as chest palpitations (42.2% vs 2.7%), chest pain (44.4% vs 8.1%), and shortness of breath (73.3% vs 35.1%). Moreover, the Black weight loss cluster reported a higher incidence of all GI symptoms with the most prominent being diarrhea (71.1% vs 48.6%) compared to the non-Black weight loss cluster.

Conclusions

The existing racial disparities in health-related quality of life for PWHIV may be improved through precision health and nutrition modifications. Continued research is needed investigating differential health outcomes among PWHIV on HAART.

Clinical Trial Registration Number

NCT00222716. Registered 22 September 2005. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00222716?term=NCT00222716&draw=2&rank=1
Web pillar stability in open-pit highwall mining
Authors: Jiang Juyu , Zhang Zhuowei , Wang Dong , Wang Laigui , Han Xinping
Published: March 2022

When highwall mining technology is applied to recover large amounts of residual coal left under the highwall of a big open-pit mine, a reasonable coal pillar width is required to ensure the stability of the web pillars. Using numerical simulations, this paper studied the characteristics of the abutment stress distribution in the web pillars under different slope angles and mining depths, and established a relation describing the stress distribution in the web pillar. The relationship between the abutment stress and the ultimate strength of the web pillar under different pillar widths was also analyzed. In combination with the failure characteristics of the pillar yield zone, this relationship was used to explore the instability mechanism of web pillars. Finally, the optimal retaining widths of the web pillars were determined. Based on the modeling results, a mechanical bearing model of the web pillar was established and a cusp catastrophe model of pillar-overburden was constructed. Additionally, the web pillar instability criterion was derived. By analyzing the ultimate strength of the web pillars, a formula for calculating the yield zone width either side of the pillars was established. Using the instability criterion of web pillars in highwall mining, a reasonable pillar width can be deduced theoretically, providing significant guidance on the application of highwall mining technology.
A review of investigations on ground support requirements in coal burst-prone mines
Authors: Wei Chunchen , Zhang Chengguo , Canbulat Ismet , Song Zhengyang , Dai Lianpeng
Published: March 2022

Ground support is widely implemented to mitigate dynamic rock failures in underground mines. This paper investigated the ground support requirements in burst-prone mines to mitigate the catastrophic dynamic rock failures of rock and/or coal bursts. First, the ground support principles and considerations in burst-prone conditions are identified. The objective of a ground support system is to increase the capacity to accommodate rock fracturing in a rockburst and, in turn, to minimize the kinetic energy of the ejected material. The support capacities of various yielding rockbolts and integrated support systems are then investigated using the test results in the laboratory. Apart from the energy absorption and yielding deformation capacity, the initial stiffness and energy absorption rate are also critical factors when applying yielding rockbolts in practice. Adding rope lacing and mesh strap to surface support elements can substantially enhance the support performance of the system. In practice, semi-analytical and empirical approaches are often used to determine the ground support elements in burst-prone areas. Semi-analytical methods first evaluate the support demand in burst risk zones and then select support elements according to their laboratory test results. Alternatively, empirical methods determine the ground support elements according to the locally established empirical rating scheme, which usually ranks the support capacities of various support systems based on ground support conditions and damage conditions. The outcomes of this study can provide insights into ground support strategies and assist the mining industry to develop effective coal burst control technologies.
Macrophages: shapes and functions
Authors: Lendeckel Uwe , Venz Simone , Wolke Carmen
Published: March 2022

Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system and represent an important component of the first-line defense against pathogens and tumor cells. Here, their diverse functions in inflammation and tumor defense are described, and the mechanisms, tools, and activation pathways and states applied are presented. The main focus is on the role and origin of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the important signal pathways TLR/NF-κB, and the M1/​​M2 polarization of macrophages.

Graphical abstract
The Materiality of the Sign in Khasi Oral Tradition: Derrida’s Linguistic Materialism
Authors: Lyngdoh Shining Star
Published: March 2022

Several interesting and significant philosophical, political and other possibilities abound in Derrida’s linguistic materialism, but the objectives of my paper are to describe the general tenets of Derridean linguistic materialism, and to deploy it in the context of Khasi oral tradition in order to lay bare the sensory origin of the sign. I therefore argue, firstly, that Derrida’s oeuvre espouses a nuanced case of linguistic materialism of the sensible-physical trace, which in its materiality is constantly in the process of standing for or representing another sign/signs through the basic process of mediation that he calls écriture—‘writing’ in a more originary sense. Meaning is inscribed in the materiality of the sensible world, is manifested in the material trace of signifiers and is not mediated through the transcendental signified or metaphysical idea. By implication, Derrida’s linguistic materialism is also a theory of the material and empirical origin of the sign. However, the material nature of the thing, which itself is a sign, is not fixed, but is multifaceted, split and polysemic, making meaning contingent and differential. I argue, secondly, that such an understanding of language and meaning must direct us to language in its most original and primordial forms as found in (ab) original oral cultures, where the materiality of the sign is most unhidden and discernible. I, thus, give an account of the sensory, original and material character of linguistic meaning with reference to the case of the oral culture of the Khasi community of India. Khasi words, metaphors and imageries can be demonstrated more plainly in their sensory derivations. Query
‘Brain fog’, guilt, and gratitude: experiences of symptoms and life changes in older survivors 6 months after hospitalisation for COVID-19
Authors: Heiberg Kristi E. , Heggestad Anne K. T. , Jøranson Nina , Lausund Hilde , Breievne Grete , Myrstad Marius , Ranhoff Anette H. , Walle-Hansen Marte M. , Bruun-Olsen Vigdis
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Several of those who have been infected with COVID-19 suffer from the post-COVID-19 condition months after the acute infection. Little is known about how older survivors have experienced the consequences and how these have affected their lives. The aim of this study was to explore how older survivors experienced post-COVID-19 condition and life changes approximately 6 months after hospitalisation for COVID-19.

Methods

The study had an explorative and descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 17 participants from two local hospitals, 11 men and 6 women, aged 60 years and older (age range 60–96), approximately 6 months after hospitalisation for COVID-19. A thematic descriptive analysis inspired by Braun and Clarke was used.

Results

Two main themes and seven subthemes were revealed. The main themes were: From few to various persistent symptoms and Existential thoughts and reflections. Most of the participants experienced various physical and/or cognitive symptoms, such as reduced physical fitness, heavy breathing, fatigue, and ‘brain fog’. On the other hand, they also experienced guilt and gratitude for having survived. The recognition of having achieved other life perspectives was also present.

Conclusion

Six months after undergone COVID-19 the participants still experienced various distressing symptoms, which were in line with larger studies. The novel findings of this study were connected to the existential area, where the patients’ thoughts and reflections of guilt, gratitude, and new life perspectives were revealed. These findings are important for health professionals to consider when treating patients after COVID-19.
Representing a Fading Welfare System that Is Failing Young People in ‘NEET’ Situations: a WPR Analysis of Swedish Youth Policies
Authors: Jonsson Frida , Goicolea Isabel , Hjelte Jan , Linander Ida
Published: March 2022

The situation of young people who are neither in employment, education nor training (referred to in political, scientific and public discourses as ‘NEETs’) has received widespread attention during the last decade. However, while policy responses to young people’s work- and school-related marginalisation have been analysed by international scholars in a variety of contexts, to the best of our knowledge, no study to date has scrutinised problem representations of ‘NEET’ young people in youth policies in Sweden. To bridge the current knowledge gap and uncover taken-for-granted assumptions about the otherwise largely unchallenged Nordic welfare model, the aim of this research was to explore how the ‘problem’ of ‘NEET’ young people is represented in Swedish policies and policy proposals. To facilitate this, a discursive approach to policy analysis was adopted, following Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to be?’ (WPR) methodology. By focusing on the solutions that have been proposed to reduce the size of the ‘NEET’ group in two selected policies, four problem representations were developed. These connect the ‘NEET’ problem in Sweden, at the general level, to the ‘vulnerability’ of young people on the margins of education and employment (especially certain sub-groups) and, more specifically, to the failure of a fading welfare system to provide services and support for these ‘vulnerable’ subjects. Beyond representing the ‘problem’ along these lines, the identified problem representations may contribute to silencing young people’s agency and ignoring the consequences of a growing labour-market precarisation in Sweden, while failing to provide a basis for equity and social justice.
Mediating Cultural Memory in Britain and Ireland
Authors: Davis Leith
Published: March 2022

Mediating Cultural Memory is the first book to analyze the relationship between cultural memory, national identity and the changing media ecology in early eighteenth-century Britain. Leith Davis focuses on five pivotal episodes in the histories of England, Scotland and Ireland: the 1688 'Glorious' Revolution; the War of the Two Kings in Ireland (1688-91); the Scottish colonial enterprise in Darien (1695-1700); the 1715 Jacobite Rising; and the 1745 Jacobite Rising. She explores the initial inscription of these episodes in forms such as ballads, official documents, manuscript newsletters, correspondence, newspapers and popular histories, and examines how counter-memories of these events continued to circulate in later mediations. Bringing together Memory Studies, Book History and British Studies, Mediating Cultural Memory offers a new interpretation of the early eighteenth century as a crucial stage in the development of cultural memory and illuminates the processes of remembrance and forgetting that have shaped the nation of Britain.
Publishing the History Play in the Time of Shakespeare
Authors: Lidster Amy
Published: March 2022

During the early modern period, the publication process decisively shaped the history play and its reception. Bringing together the methodologies of genre criticism and book history, this study argues that stationers have – through acts of selection and presentation – constructed some remarkably influential expectations and ideas surrounding genre. Amy Lidster boldly challenges the uncritical use of Shakespeare's Folio as a touchstone for the history play, exposing the harmful ways in which this has solidified its parameters as a genre exclusively interested in the lives of English kings. Reframing the Folio as a single example of participation in genre-making, this book illuminates the exciting and diverse range of historical pasts that were available to readers and audiences in the early modern period. Lidster invites us to reappraise the connection between plays on stage and in print, and to reposition playbooks within the historical culture and geopolitics of the book trade.
Conrad's Decentered Fiction
Authors: Warodell Johan Adam
Published: March 2022

What are the fingerprints of Joseph Conrad's fiction? This richly illustrated book argues that Conrad's vibrant details set him apart as a writer and brings them from the margins to the center for study. With recently discovered primary sources - including drawings and maps in Conrad's own hand - this book travels widely across Conrad's fiction and explores its interest in marginal voices, characters and details. It produces a new picture of Conrad as a writer, and the first picture of Conrad as an amateur sketch artist. Introducing new critical vocabulary and applying new names from art history to Conrad studies, the book ranges across cartography, fashion, analytic philosophy, manuscript studies, and animal studies to discover Conrad as an artist operating across and between different media. Offered as a complement to the abstract approaches of much literary theory, this detail-driven and margin-focused monograph mirrors the characteristic granular nature of Conrad's fiction.
Clean Water Policy and State Choice
Authors: Morris John C.
Published: March 2022

The Water Quality Act of 1987 ushered in a new era of clean water policy to the US. The Act stands today as the longest-lived example of national water quality policy. It included a then-revolutionary funding model for wastewater infrastructure - the Clean Water State Revolving Fund - which gave states much greater authority to allocate clean water infrastructure resources. Significant differences between states exist in terms of their ability to provide adequate resources for the program, as well as their ability (or willingness) to meet the wishes of Congress to serve environmental needs and communities. This book examines the patterns of state program resource distribution using case studies and analysis of state and national program data. This book is important for researchers from a range of disciplines, including water, environmental and infrastructure policy, federalism/intergovernmental relations, intergovernmental administration, and natural resource management, as well as policy makers and policy advocates.
Configurational studies on family exchanges
Authors: Widmer Eric D.
Published: March 2022

The configurational studies of this special issue trace complex patterns of interdependencies existing among family members and beyond households. They focus on the functional connections among spouses, children, siblings, and other relatives living in a variety of households. The main goal of this special issue is to reveal how some key decisions and exchanges occurring in family dyads, such as the marital and parent–child dyads, are embedded within a larger set of family and interpersonal exchanges that constitute configurations of their own in a variety of contexts.
Maturing Into High-Functioning Health-Care Coalitions: A Qualitative Nationwide Study of Emergency Preparedness and Response Leadership
Authors: Koch Angelica E. , Bohn Joseph , Corvin Jaime A. , Seaberg Judy
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Health-Care Coalitions (HCCs) provide an important emergency response safety net function across the United States in preparedness and responses to disasters. A key challenge is the variation in the maturity and operational readiness of HCCs. The purpose of this study was to identify key tenets that define high-functioning HCCs and help mature HCCs into a higher-functioning state of operations.

Methods:

This was a qualitative study based on grounded theory methodology using semi-structured interviews for data collection and thematic analysis. Participants were stakeholders (n = 39) of HCCs from across the United States at local, state, and federal levels.

Results:

Through an institutional logics lens, the 3 key attributes for high functioning-HCCs were identified as (1) having an established and growing partnership, (2) being value-driven culture, and (3) being response ready. In addition, 3 logics were deemed essential for guiding HCCs: sources of governance, sources of partner engagement, and sources of sustainability. Participant responses describe the importance of these attributes and logics in influencing decision-making processes, supporting a community’s resilience during a disaster, and fostering robust relationships among community partners.

Conclusions:

Addressing these attributes and logics in planning and management of HCCs can help establish the foundation for partner collaborations and high-functioning HCCs.
Development of a growing degree-day model to estimateLinaria vulgarisshoot emergence and prospects for improving biological control efforts
Authors: Blatt Suzanne , De Clerck-Floate Rosemarie , White Scott N.
Published: March 2022

Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgarisMill.; Scrophulariaceae) is an invasive herbaceous perennial weed of agricultural and natural habitats throughout North America. In pastures or native rangelands, use of biological control is an attractive option, particularly if the agent can be established quickly.Rhinusa pilosa(Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a stem-galling weevil, was first released in Canada in 2014 to evaluate its potential to controlL. vulgaris.Rhinusa pilosarequires young, vigorously growing shoots to establish. Ability to estimate when adequate shoots will be available could inform release timing, thus improving establishment success. There is currently no growing degree-day (GDD) model forL. vulgaris. Our main objective was to develop a GDD model for the emergence ofL. vulgarisshoots and discuss the utility of such a model in relation to the establishment ofR. pilosain Nova Scotia. Four sites containing five randomly placed 1-m2quadrats were monitored for the emergence ofL. vulgarisshoots twice weekly in spring to summer 2017 and 2018 by recording number of shoots and shoots with flower buds. A GDD (Tbase2 C) model for shoot emergence ofL. vulgariswas developed and validated using independent shoot emergence data. Shoots emerged in the spring between 124 and 244 GDD with 90% of all shoots emerged between 681 and 1,117 GDD. Model estimation for the initiation of shoot emergence was 74 GDD, with 10%, 50%, and 90% shoot emergence estimated to occur at 179, 409, and 811 GDD, respectively.Rhinusa pilosaadults were released in 2016 (three sites) and 2017 (one site), and number of shoots with galls was recorded. Galls were observed in all three sites in 2016 and in three of the four sites in 2017, with none found in 2018. Timing of release and soil moisture are discussed as factors affecting establishment ofR. pilosain Nova Scotia.
Circular specifications and “predicting” with information from the future: Errors in the empirical SAOM–TERGM comparison of Leifeld & Cranmer
Authors: Block Per , Hollway James , Stadtfeld Christoph , Koskinen Johan , Snijders Tom
Published: March 2022

We review the empirical comparison of Stochastic Actor-oriented Models (SAOMs) and Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models (TERGMs) by Leifeld & Cranmer in this journal [Network Science 7(1):20–51, 2019]. When specifying their TERGM, they use exogenous nodal attributes calculated from the outcome networks’ observed degrees instead of endogenous ERGM equivalents of structural effects as used in the SAOM. This turns the modeled endogeneity into circularity and obtained results are tautological. In consequence, their out-of-sample predictions using TERGMs are based on out-of-sample information and thereby predict the future using observations from the future. Thus, their analysis rests on erroneous model specifications that invalidate the article’s conclusions. Finally, beyond these specific points, we argue that their evaluation metric—tie-level predictive accuracy—is unsuited for the task of comparing model performance.
Neoliberalism, Economization and the Paradox of the New Welfare State
Authors: Laruffa Francesco
Published: March 2022

This paper theorizes the nature of neoliberal social policy, making three substantial contributions. First, processes of “economization” are identified as a central characteristic of neoliberalism: economization constitutes a “bridge” between Foucauldian and (neo-)Marxist accounts of neoliberalism – two perspectives that are in many respects hardly reconcilable – because extending the economic logic to non-economic areas (neoliberalism as a governmental rationality) also potentially increases the profit-making opportunities in previously uncommodified domains (neoliberalism as a capitalist project). Second, the paper links economization processes not only to projects of austerity and welfare retrenchment but also to the more generous “social investment” agenda. Third, the paper highlights the central paradox of neoliberal social policy, whereby higher degrees of economization are associated with more generous social policy: more “social” versions of neoliberalism are those that ironically downplay the social logic, transforming social policies into economic investments. The paper also discusses the problems related to economization in terms of de-democratization.
Phronēsisand Contemplation
Authors: Hacker-Wright John
Published: March 2022

An appealing interpretation of Aristotle's moral psychology argues that character virtue sets the goal of the good life. On that view, practical wisdom orphronēsissupplies only the means toward the end that is grasped by the character virtues. Yet, this view has trouble accounting for the supremacy of the contemplative life, which is clearly the best life in the paradigmatic or strict sense for Aristotle. In this paper, I argue that the intellect plays a role for Aristotle in realizing the priority of the contemplative life and integrating it into our practical lives as a whole.
We're Here, We're … Queer? On the Enduring Harms of Bisexual Erasure
Authors: Stewart Heather
Published: March 2022

This article highlights three epistemic practices, which, taken together, create conditions that worsen the problem of ‘bisexual erasure.’ Though bisexual people constitute a significant portion of the larger LGBTQ+ community, their identities and experiences and routinely erased — in queer communities and broader society alike. This article argues that we have both an epistemic and a moral obligation to attend to the epistemic conditions created for bisexual people, and to work to make those conditions more just. Specifically, I highlight the detrimental influence of testimonial injustice, testimonial smothering, and epistemic microaggressions on bisexual people's ability to challenge and resist their own erasure.
The WIDF's Work for Women's Rights in the (Post)colonial Countries and the “Soviet Agenda”
Authors: Gradskova Yulia
Published: March 2022

The primary aim of this article is to problematize the WIDF's interpretations of the rights of women from (post)colonial countries and its tactics in working for and together with these women. It shows that, in the context of rapid geopolitical changes – the growing anti-colonial struggle and Cold War competition – the WIDF had to change its ideology, ways of working, and communication strategies in order to keep its leading position in transnational work for women's rights and to maintain the sympathies of women from countries outside Europe. The main focus is on the contradictions, negotiations, and adjustments inside the WIDF with respect to the new political situation and the demands of women from Africa and Asia, in particular, during the highest period of anticolonial transformation (1950s to early 1970s). This article also pays attention to Soviet ideas on the emancipation of women and, in particular, to the influence of Soviet experiences of emancipating women from non-Slavic (Eastern and Southern) parts of the USSR on the WIDF's perception of and policies for the improvement of the situation of women in Asia and Africa. This article is based primarily on analysis of the WIDF's archival documents preserved in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) in Moscow, along with the WIDF's official publications.
Zoroastrian ritual and exegetical traditions: the case of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna
Authors: Khanizadeh Mehrbod
Published: March 2022

The manuscripts of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna contain two consecutive colophons, the second of which relates the story of how their common ancestor manuscript, which combines the Avestan text of the Yasna with its Pahlavi version, was created. It is argued that Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd produced the first Pahlavi Yasna manuscript by taking the Avestan text from one manuscript and the Pahlavi text of a manuscript by Farrbay Srōšayār. Furthermore, it is argued that Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd wrote this manuscript both for himself and for Mahayār Farroxzād, who was from the province of Bīšāpuhr. The manuscript of Rōstahm Dād-Ohrmazd was then copied by Māhwindād Narmāhān, who composed the second colophon. This article also discusses the first colophon as it appears in the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna manuscript T54, which differs from other manuscripts of this group as it includes a passage written by a scribe called Kāyūs. It is argued that T54 was produced by Kāyūs, who added this passage to its first colophon. Furthermore, variant readings of these two colophons in two manuscripts of the Iranian Pahlavi Yasna, which also include Kāyūs's passage, are discussed. Unlike T54, Kāyūs's passage forms a separate colophon in these two manuscripts. It is suggested the two colophons are corrected according to the mindset of their respective scribes.