bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERUBAHAN IKLIM, COVID-19, PERANG UKRAINA: ANCAMAN KETAHANAN PANGAN INDONESIA DAN MITIGASINYA
Authors: Alfarizi Muhammad , Ngatindriatun Ngatindriatun
Published: July 2023

Ketahanan Pangan merupakan isu penting pertahanan Indonesia ditengah himpitan tiga situasi yakni Perubahan Iklim, Pandemi COVID-19 dan Perang Ukraina-Rusia. Kondisi krisis pangan sangat berbahaya dan menjadi ancaman nonmiliter yang sangat serius dikarenakan dapat mendorong pelemahan struktur pertahanan negara. Sehingga studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek perubahan iklim, COVID-19 dan Perang Ukraina terhadap ketahanan pangan bangsa Indonesia disertai mitigasi yang diperlukan untuk menanggulangi krisis. Mengikuti tujuan studi, penelitian ini mengadopsi metode tinjauan literatur sistematis untuk menyelidiki artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan langsung dengan fenomena ketahanan pangan di Indonesia selama periode tiga himpitan isu hangat dunia. Proses analisis literatur menggunakan PRISMA atau singkatan dari Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review dan Meta-Analysis. Hasil studi menyoroti keterkaitan ketahanan pangan dengan pertahanan keamanan negara, ancaman pertahanan negara dari tiga himpitan isu serta mitigasinya. Studi ini menyoroti ketahanan pangan merupakan isu penting dalam pertahanan dan keamanan negara karena kebutuhan dasar manusia dan merupakan inti dari kesejahteraan manusia. Ketahanan pangan memiliki empat elemen yang saling terkait: ketersediaan, akses, pemanfaatan dan stabilitas pertahanan Indonesia. Selain itu ketahanan pangan juga selalu dikaitkan dengan stabilitas perpolitikan dan sosial indonesia. Perubahan Iklim, COVID-19, dan perang Ukraina-Rusia membuat permasalahan ketahanan pangan Indonesia semakin kompleks. Penyelesaian masalah ketahanan pangan di Indonesia juga harus dilakukan dengan kombinasi pendekatan ekologis gizi kesehatan, ketahanan pangan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Rhizobium tropici ile Enfekte Edilen Fasulye Bitkisinin Azot Kısıtlanan Perlit Kültürü Koşullardaki Gelişimi
Authors: TÜRKMEN Onur Sinan , KAYA Seçkin
Published: July 2023

Çalışma, yapay aydınlatmalı perlit kültürü koşulları altında, Rhizobium tropici ile azot fiksasyon durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Hoagland solüsyonu baz alınarak üç azot dozu (%100-50-0) ve Rhizobium tropici bakteri suşu, uygulanmıştır. İnorganik azot eklenen ortamdaki Rhizobium enfekte edilen bitkilerin bitki boyu gövde yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, kök yaşı ve kuru ağırlığı bakımından daha üstün olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Rhizobium‘un simbiyotik azot bağlayabilmesi için azotlu gübrenin besleme programına eklenmesinin faydalı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Description of two new species of Lisotrigona (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) from Central India and their nests
Authors: Viraktamath Shashidhar , Roy Jagruti , Jha Ashish Kumar , Rao Shubham
Published: July 2023

Lisotrigona darbhaensis sp. nov. and L. kosumtaraensis sp. nov from Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra states, respectively, are described along with the additional description of the male of L. chandrai. Lisotrigona darbhaensis nested in the tree trunk of teak (Tectona grandis) while L. kosumtaraensis in the Indian frank incense (Boswellia serrata) and Indian boxwood (Gardenia latifolia). Brood cells of L. kosumtaraensis were arranged in clusters. The colony of L. kosumtaraensis consisted of 921 female and 40 male bees. The detailed studies on male genitalia, metasomal sterna, and morphometry with associated female bees collected from Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh provided conclusive evidence as these bees were found different from the known species of Lisotrigona and new to science. Both the new species are distinct and different from other known species of Lisotrigona. The diversity of Lisotrigona bees in India is rich with six valid species and the action of synonymizing all Indian species of Lisotrigona with L. cacciae is arbitrary.
Efficacy of compounds used in mosquito repellents (DEET, picaridin, prallethrin and IR3535) against odorant binding protein (OBP20) of Anopheles gambiae: A molecular docking study
Authors: Choudhury Arunima , Hasan Innifa , Gogoi Pobi , Haloi Dip Jyoti
Published: July 2023

The study is to use AutoDock software to determine the binding affinity or binding energy of DEET, picaridin, prallethrin, and IR3535 components with the odorant receptor of the Anopheles gambiae say (Diptera, Culicidae) mosquito species. The binding energy (ÄG) of prallethrin was determined to be highest at -10.55 kcal/mol followed by picaridin at -7.1 kcal/mol, DEET at -6.57 kcal/mol and IR3535 at -5.6 kcal/mol being the lowest among all. By comparing their binding energy levels after AutoDocking, it is to decide which mosquito repellent is the most effective.
Species list and pictorial key to the dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) in the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in the south Western Ghats, India
Authors: Sobhana K.A. , Sabu Thomas K.
Published: July 2023

Thirty five species comprising 13 genera were recorded from the thorny forests in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Genera Onthophagus (14 species) and Caccobius (six species) were the most specious in the region. Pictorial key to the dung beetles in the thorny forest of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary collected during 2010-2015 is given.
Compatibility of carbosulfan 25 EC with certain agrochemicals in brinjal ecosystem
Authors: Kamala I. Merlin , Chandrasekaran S.
Published: July 2023

The combined use of chemical insecticides with fungicides and fertilizers in a single application is a promising pest-control option to maximise productivity and minimize labour efficiency. Studies were conducted to assess the compatibility of systemic insecticide, carbosulfan 25 EC with a fungicide, micronutrient and insecticide in brinjal ecosystem. The optimum and effective dose of carbosulfan (250 g a.i.ha-1) was compatible with other agro chemicals used in combination viz., copper oxy chloride 50 WP @500 g a.i.ha-1, zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and dimethoate 30 EC @ 300 g a.i.ha-1, without any creaming matter and/or sediment formation in any of the combinations. The tank mix foliar application of the combination chemicals viz., carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride 50 WP @ 500 g a.i.ha-1, carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + zinc sulphate 0.5 per cent and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1 did not inflict any phytotoxic effect on the treatment imposed plants and a mean grade of ‘1’ (0-10% injury) was awarded to all the treated plants in the brinjal ecosystem. The bioefficacy trials after two rounds of spraying with carbosulfan and combination with fertilizer and fungicides revealed that maximum per cent reduction is noticed in insecticide combination (carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1) as well as recommended and four times the dose of carbosulfan (250 and 1000 g a.i.ha-1), which similarly effects in managing the shoot and fruit damage caused by the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. The treatments with fertilizer and fungicides alone marked the least reduction in fruit and shoot damage. The yield of brinjal ranged from 24.1to 28.7 t ha-1 in different treatments. Plots treated with carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + dimethoate @ 300 g a.i.ha-1recorded the highest fruit yield (28.7 t ha-1) followed by carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1 + copper oxy chloride @ 500 g a.i.ha-1 (28.3 t ha-1) and carbosulfan @ 250 g a.i.ha-1+ zinc sulphate (27.8 t ha-1). The current findings states that carbosulfan in combination with other agrochemicals have given better results in terms of phytotoxicity, bioefficacy and yield.
A review of Macromia Rambur, 1842 (Odonata, Macromiidae) of Western Ghats, with taxonomic notes on Macromia miniata Fraser, 1924 and M. irata Fraser, 1924
Authors: Sadasivan Kalesh , Nair Vinayan P. , Samuel K. Abraham
Published: July 2023

A review of the genus Macromia Rambur, 1842 (Odonata, Macromiidae) of Western Ghats of Peninsular India is presented with its updated distribution. An attempt is made to collate the scattered data in peer-reviewed literature published to date and is supplemented with field data gathered by the authors over two decades. Although Macromia is represented by nine species including six endemics in the Western Ghats, not much has been published on them from the region. Macromia irata Fraser, 1924 was described from Coorg but was rarely reported in peer-reviewed literature since its very brief original description by Fraser in 1924. The detailed morphology including that of the genitalia of M. irata is discussed. A revised classification based on the species groups and a key to the species of Macromia of the Western Ghats of Peninsular India is provided. To quantify the ratios of the number of the prenodal and postnodal veins in Odonata, a new nodal range expression called Standardised Species Nodal Range (SSNR) and a new index termed Standardised Species Nodal Index (SSNI) is also proposed.
Protección y conservación del patrimonio cultural desde una gestión sostenible
Authors: Sánchez-Clemente Ramos Andrés
Published: July 2023

En 2015 se celebró la Cumbre de las Naciones Unidas Sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible. En esa cumbre se aprobó el plan más ambicioso en materia de sostenibilidad hasta la fecha; el plan recibe el nombre Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Desde entonces el desarrollo sostenible es un término común en nuestras vidas.  Pero, ¿qué significado tiene en el ámbito del patrimonio cultural? ¿El patrimonio cultural está contemplado en los ODS de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible?

Desarrollo sostenible aquel que satisface las necesidades del presente sin comprometer la capacidad de las futuras generaciones para satisfacer las propias. Con tal propósito se establecieron los 17 ODS y las 169 metas. Si bien los ODS son ambiciosos, el patrimonio cultural no está contemplado en los mismos pero sí en las metas.

Los bienes culturales son limitados, irremplazables y su deterioro o destrucción supondría un empobrecimiento cultural y social. Para garantizar la protección de un bien patrimonial este debe poseer un uso aunque haya variado del original. Un uso actual y social del patrimonio es el turismo cultural. Este favorece el conocimiento de los bienes culturales pero hay evidencias de que el uso turístico masificado de los bienes culturales causa graves deterioros en estos. Las evaluaciones de impacto patrimonial y los planes de conservación preventiva son dos herramientas empleadas en la gestión del patrimonio que nos permiten emplear y disfrutar los bienes culturales sin deteriorarlos ni ponerlos en peligro para las generaciones futuras.
Troponina elevada e a relação com lesões cardiovasculares
Authors: Sampaio Janaína Mendes Caldas , Lima Francisca Layane Albuquerque Conceição , Gomes Lara Maria de Moura , Ribeiro Lia Stefhania Barbosa , Sousa Nayra Fernanda da Silva , Rios Nelson Agapito Brandão , Paz Wanderson Gomes
Published: July 2023

O texto aborda a importância dos marcadores cardíacos, com foco na troponina, no diagnóstico do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Com o envelhecimento da população e o aumento das doenças crônico-degenerativas, como as doenças cardiovasculares, torna-se crucial analisar e estudar esses marcadores para confirmar se o paciente está sofrendo um infarto, contribuir para o tratamento e auxiliar na prevenção de distúrbios cardiovasculares. A troponina é uma proteína essencial no processo de contração muscular, tanto no músculo esquelético como no cardíaco. Ela é composta por três subunidades: troponina C, troponina I e troponina T. As troponinas I e T são consideradas os marcadores mais relevantes para o diagnóstico do IAM. Essas proteínas são liberadas na corrente sanguínea após o infarto e permanecem elevadas por um período prolongado, podendo ser detectadas por exames específicos. Os níveis elevados de troponina indicam a presença de um infarto, e a sua liberação começa algumas horas após os sintomas iniciais. A detecção e interpretação dos níveis de troponina são feitas por meio de exames de sangue. O diagnóstico de IAM é estabelecido quando a concentração de troponina ultrapassa um determinado limite. Além do IAM, a troponina também pode ser detectada em outras condições patológicas não cardíacas, o que deve ser considerado na interpretação dos resultados. Em resumo, a análise dos marcadores cardíacos, especialmente a troponina, desempenha um papel fundamental no diagnóstico precoce e preciso do infarto agudo do miocárdio. Esses marcadores são importantes para o tratamento e prevenção de distúrbios cardiovasculares, visando aumentar a sobrevida da população.
Traumatismo cranioencefálico em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: Uma abordagem epidemiológica
Authors: Silva Nickolas Souza , Portella Ana Larissa Moraes , Freitas Diego Macêdo de , Vasconcelos Eveline Mesquita , Souza Ivo Ferreira de , Sousa Jandson de Oliveira , Aguiar Lianna Regia Ferreira Melo , Souza Neto Manoel Rodrigues de , Morais Sabrina Karen Meneses , Carvalho Alexandre Cavalcante Diógenes de
Published: July 2023

Introdução: Traumatismo Cranioencefálico é qualquer trauma que acomete o crânio e/ou o cérebro. No Brasil, esse trauma é importante causa de morbidade, gerando altos custos hospitalares e tempo de internação. O trauma intracraniano em crianças e adolescentes é pouco debatido. O objetivo é discutir a epidemiologia do traumatismo cranioencefálico na população infanto-juvenil entre os anos de 2012 e 2022 no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-analítico, com banco de dados DATASUS sobre trauma intracraniano em indivíduos de 0 a 19 anos no Brasil entre os anos de 2012 a 2022. Resultados: Foram 247.116 internações resultando em 8.936 óbitos com taxa de mortalidade de 3,61 %, com custo relativo de R$266,30 reais/dia com tempo de permanência de 4,2 dias. O perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com trauma intracraniano é de homens pardos entre 15 e 19 anos, em sua maioria provenientes da região sudeste. Discussão: A morbimortalidade infanto-juvenil é maior na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos, com grande custo intra-hospitalar devido a intervenções clínico-cirúrgicas por infecções ou drenagem de hematomas intracerebrais. O custo extra-hospitalar é pouco discutido e está relacionado ao cuidado de sequelas, prevenção de novas lesões e acompanhamento multidisciplinar especializado. Conclusões: O trauma intracraniano em crianças e adolescentes é um importante problema em nosso meio, com prejuízos sociais e funcionais, e óbitos relacionados, sendo necessário atuar com ações preventivas frente aos eventos que ocasionam o trauma.
Studi Komparasi Prosedur Olah Gerak Kapal Manual dan Digital (Penerapan Website UPP Kelas III Batang)
Authors: Rosita Niken Devi , Saputri Hanasti Asyifaa
Published: July 2023

Proses olah gerak kapal merupakan salah satu kegiatan kapal dalam melaksanakan operasional di area pelabuhan. Penerapan olah gerak secara manual mengalami kendala terkait personel yang berwenang pada saat legalisasi dokumen sehingga adanya sistem perizinan secara digital melalui website UPP kelas III Batang digalakkan untuk mempermudah kegiatan operasional kapal. Website yang digunakan pada sistem digitalisasi perizinan  ini di bawah naungan Kementerian Perhubungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan penelitian deskriptif komparatif untuk membandingkan dua atau lebih situasi dengan teknik pengumpulan data dalam bentuk studi pustaka, studi dokumen, observasi serta wawancara tidak terstruktur. Objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu kegiatan olah gerak Tug Boat. LLB sukses 22 pada kurun waktu November 2021. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbandingan perizinan olah gerak manual dan menggunakan sistem digital serta kendala di lapangan terkait 2 metode di atas. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prosedur perizinan olah gerak kapal melalui website berjalan efektif dan mendukung kelancaran kegiatan operasional kapal.
High-Cholesterol Diet in Combination With Hydroxypropyl-β Cyclodextrin Induces NASH-Like Disorders in the Liver of Rats
Authors: Saigo Y , Sasase T , Tohma M , Uno K , Shinozaki Y , Maekawa T , Sano R , Miyajima K , Ohta T
Published: July 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for fatty liver disease not caused by viruses or alcohol. Fibrotic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma can develop. The recent increase in NAFLD incidence worldwide has stimulated drug development efforts. However, there is still no approved treatment. This may be due in part to the fact that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis is very complex, and its mechanisms are not well understood. Studies with animals are very important for understanding the pathogenesis. Due to the close association between the establishment of human NASH pathology and metabolic syndrome, several animal models have been reported, especially in the context of overnutrition. In this study, we investigated the induction of NASH-like pathology by enhancing cholesterol absorption through treatment with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CDX). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet with normal water (control group); a high-fat (60 kcal%), cholesterol (1.25 %), and cholic acid (0.5 %) diet with normal water (HFCC group); or HFCC diet with 2 % CDX water (HFCC+CDX group) for 16 weeks. Compared to the control group, the HFCC and HFCC+CDX groups showed increased blood levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. At autopsy, parameters related to hepatic lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were elevated, suggesting the development of NAFLD/NASH. Elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes were evident in the HFCC+CDX group. In the novel rat model, excessive cholesterol intake and accelerated absorption contributed to NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis.
Steroidogenic Enzyme Gene Expression and Testosterone Production are Developmentally Modulated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-1B in Mouse Testis
Authors: Ciller I , Palanisamy S , Ciller U , Al-Ali I , Coumans J , McFarlane J
Published: July 2023

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and receptors (BMPR-1A, BMPR-1B, BMPR-2) have been shown to be vital for female reproduction, while their roles in males are poorly described. Our study was undertaken to specify the function of BMPR-1B in steroidogenic enzyme gene expression, testosterone production and reproductive development in male mice, given that Bmpr1b mRNA is expressed in mouse testis and Bmpr1b knockout results in compromised fertility. Male mice were passively immunized for 6 days with anti-BMPR-1B in the presence or absence of exogenous gonadotrophins. We then measured the effects of anti-BMPR-1B on testicular hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms (Hsd3b1, Hsd3b6, and Hsd17b3) and aromatase (Cyp19) mRNA expression, testicular and serum testosterone levels, and testis and seminal vesicle weight. In vitro testosterone production in response to anti-BMPR-1B was determined using testicular culture, and Leydig cell culture in the presence or absence of gonadotrophins. In Leydig cell culture the contribution of seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells were examined by preconditioning the media with these testicular constituents. In adult mice, anti-BMPR-1B increased testosterone and Hsd3b1 but decreased Hsd3b6 and Cyp19 mRNA. In adult testicular culture and seminiferous tubule conditioned Leydig cell culture, anti-BMPR-1B reduced testosterone, while in normal and Leydig cell conditioned Leydig cell culture it increased testosterone levels. In pubertal mice, anti-BMPR-1B reduced gonadotrophin stimulated seminal vesicle growth. In conclusion, BMPR-1B has specific developmental functions in the autocrine and paracrine regulation of testicular steroidogenic enzyme gene expression and testosterone production in adults and in the development of seminal vesicles during puberty.
ANALISIS PENGARUH STRES KERJA, BEBAN KERJA DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION KARYAWAN PADA YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN BHAKTI SUCI PURWODADI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN
Authors: Sarbullah Sarbullah , Putri Egiliana Atika
Published: July 2023

the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work stress, workload, and work environment on employee turnover intention at the Bhakti Suci Education Foundation. High employee turnover rates result in organizations becoming ineffective, losing experienced employees and needing to train new employees. high work stress and a good work environment will affect the decrease in the level of turnover intention, while a high workload will affect the increase in turnover intention.

The population in this study were all employees of the Bhakti Suci Purwodadi Education Foundation, Grobogan Regency, with a sample of 60 respondents. The sampling technique in this study was a saturated sample or census sample, where all members of the population were sampled.

Results of data analysis For the classical assumption test as a whole the data is normally distributed. The results of the t-test in this study indicate that the work stress variable (X1) has a partial effect on turnover intention with a significant value of 0.742, workload variable (X2) has a partial or separate effect on employee turnover intention with a significant value of 0.00. Work environment variable (X3) has a partial or separate effect on employee turnover intention with a significant value of 0.035.
Nuevos registros de dos peces mesopelágicos, Taractichthys longipinnis y Ruvettus pretiosus (Scombriformes: Bramidae, Gempylidae), en el sur del golfo de México
Authors: Del Moral-Flores Luis Fernando , Escartin-Alpizar Viridiana R. , Anislado-Tolentino Vicente
Published: July 2023

Se presenta el registro de dos especies de peces mesopelágicos capturados en el sur de Veracruz, golfo de México, a una profundidad cercana entre los 100 a 120 m. La presencia de la Golondrina, Taractichthys longipinnis (385 mm longitud patrón [LP]) y el pez nopal Ruvettus pretiosus (496 mm LP), es reflejo de sus hábitos mesopelágicos y la reciente explotación comercial como fauna incidental de la pesca de atún.
Na trilha do Trio nº 1 de Villa-Lobos
Authors: Salles Paulo de Tarso
Published: July 2023

Este artigo levanta a hipótese de que uma partitura perdida de Villa-Lobos, o Trio para flauta, violoncelo e piano em Dó menor, Op. 25 (1913) seria uma adaptação do Trio nº 1 para violino, violoncelo e piano (1911), também em Dó menor, Op. 25. As coincidências observadas na tonalidade, numeração de opus e títulos dos movimentos, são indícios de que essa adaptação tenha sido feita de modo a acomodar a formação instrumental dos concertos de música de câmara realizados por Villa-Lobos em Friburgo em 1915, com participação de sua esposa Lucília Guimarães ao piano e do flautista Agenor Bens. A possível colaboração de Agenor Bens na adaptação da parte original de violino para flauta ensejou a pesquisa do perfil biográfico desse músico, que transitou entre o universo do choro e da música de concerto. Além disso, uma adaptação para flauta é oferecida, propondo que a performance da obra possa dar mais subsídios para a hipótese aqui formulada.
Manufacturing of non-viral protein nanocages for biotechnological and biomedical applications
Authors: João Jorge , Prazeres Duarte Miguel F.
Published: July 2023

Protein nanocages are highly ordered nanometer scale architectures, which are typically formed by homo- or hetero-self-assembly of multiple monomers into symmetric structures of different size and shape. The intrinsic characteristics of protein nanocages make them very attractive and promising as a biological nanomaterial. These include, among others, a high surface/volume ratio, multi-functionality, ease to modify or manipulate genetically or chemically, high stability, mono-dispersity, and biocompatibility. Since the beginning of the investigation into protein nanocages, several applications were conceived in a variety of areas such as drug delivery, vaccine development, bioimaging, biomineralization, nanomaterial synthesis and biocatalysis. The ability to generate large amounts of pure and well-folded protein assemblies is one of the keys to transform nanocages into clinically valuable products and move biomedical applications forward. This calls for the development of more efficient biomanufacturing processes and for the setting up of analytical techniques adequate for the quality control and characterization of the biological function and structure of nanocages. This review concisely covers and overviews the progress made since the emergence of protein nanocages as a new, next-generation class of biologics. A brief outline of non-viral protein nanocages is followed by a presentation of their main applications in the areas of bioengineering, biotechnology, and biomedicine. Afterwards, we focus on a description of the current processes used in the manufacturing of protein nanocages with particular emphasis on the most relevant aspects of production and purification. The state-of-the-art on current characterization techniques is then described and future alternative or complementary approaches in development are also discussed. Finally, a critical analysis of the limitations and drawbacks of the current manufacturing strategies is presented, alongside with the identification of the major challenges and bottlenecks.
Real-time and accurate calibration detection of gout stones based on terahertz and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Li Han , Zhou Yuxin , Wu Yi , Jiang Yanfang , Bao Hui , Peng Ai , Shao Yongni
Published: July 2023

Gout is a metabolic disease that can result in the formation of gout stones. It is essential to promptly identify and confirm the type of gout stone to alleviate pain and inflammation in patients and prevent complications associated with gout stones. Traditional detection methods, such as X-ray, ultrasound, CT scanning, and blood uric acid measurement, have limitations in early diagnosis. Therefore, this article aims to explore the use of micro Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems to detect gout stone samples. Through comparative analysis, Terahertz technology and Raman spectroscopy have been found to provide chemical composition and molecular structure information of different wavebands of samples. By combining these two technologies, faster and more comprehensive analysis and characterization of samples can be achieved. In the future, handheld portable integrated testing instruments will be developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of testing. Furthermore, this article proposes establishing a spectral database of gout stones and urinary stones by combining Raman spectroscopy and Terahertz spectroscopy. This database would provide accurate and comprehensive technical support for the rapid diagnosis of gout in clinical practice.
Miner ID: Facilitating bitcoin as a service
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2023

Block production in Bitcoin, often referred to as mining, is becoming increasingly industrialized. Many nodes in the network are represented by registered business entities. The concept of Bitcoin as a Service is also pushing the industry to become more customer oriented. Services such as transaction validation, transaction status query or notification, and blockchain data indexing are in high demand among blockchain application providers and users. As service providers, nodes need to distinguish themselves from others and be identifiable. In this article, we introduce an efficient self-established identity system, called Miner ID, to enable nodes to be publicly identifiable. It is based on economic investment and active participation in the blockchain network. Moreover, Miner ID is optional for nodes, and it does not affect the consensus mechanism of the network. We explore use cases including instant transaction confirmation, blockchain attestation, public key infrastructure, and token recovery. Miner ID can also be used for secure communication with applications, services, users and peers.
Genomic characterization of Pantoea anthophila strain UI705 causing urinary tract infections in China
Authors: Zhang Yingmiao , Fan Yue , Zhan Yu , Wang Hao , Li Xun , Wang Hui , Feng Tian , Shi Lifeng , Wang Jing , Wang Hui , Lu Zhongxin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Pantoea anthophila (P. anthophila) is a Gram-negative bacterium initially isolated from Impatiens balsamina in India. P. anthophila has been characterized with low pathogenicity, and no human infections caused by this organism have been reported yet. We report the first case of urinary tract infection caused by P. anthophila in a 73-year-old man after bladder cancer surgery.

Methods

The bacterial isolate gained from urine was named UI705 and identified as P. anthophila by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The genome sequencing and analysis were performed to further characterize the pathogenesis of the clinical isolate.

Result and discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of human infection caused by P. anthophila in China. The draft genome sequence of P. anthophila UI705 provides a fundamental resource for subsequent investigation of its virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, host–pathogen interactions, and comparative genomics of genus Pantoea.
How media pluralism navigates ideological orientations: the case of Slovenia
Authors: Valič Tamara Besednjak , Rončević Borut , Tomšič Matevž
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Media and its reporting shape public opinion, and doing this can obtain an indirect and significant influence on the course and results of the political process. In this context, media operates as an active element of the political process.

Methods

The authors use the Janis-Fadner coefficient of imbalance to analyze a total of 1434 media texts published in 10 different Slovenian media outlets. The texts were published between March and September 2020.

Results

The authors discover weak media plurality as the main characteristic of the Slovenian media space. The results show the majority of media reporting is strongly anti-right-wing-governmental and left-wing oriented with little pluralism. Most news coverage of web portals demonstrates a distinct ideological note, resulting in predominant expressions of centre-left and anti-center-right government views.

Discussion

Most analyzed media is significantly more unfavorable to the center-right government than the center-left opposition, taking a notable left-wing stance. Confirmed by previous conducted studies, the Slovenia's political left seems to have much stronger media support than its right-wing counterpart. For the purpose, would be important to observe whether demonstrated harsh anti-government and pro-opposition orientation changed following the establishment of a new left-wing government after April 2020 elections.
Incorporating automatic speech recognition methods into the transcription of police-suspect interviews: factors affecting automatic performance
Authors: Harrington Lauren
Published: July 2023

Introduction

In England and Wales, transcripts of police-suspect interviews are often admitted as evidence in courts of law. Orthographic transcription is a time-consuming process and is usually carried out by untrained transcribers, resulting in records that contain summaries of large sections of the interview and paraphrased speech. The omission or inaccurate representation of important speech content could have serious consequences in a court of law. It is therefore clear that investigation into better solutions for police-interview transcription is required. This paper explores the possibility of incorporating automatic speech recognition (ASR) methods into the transcription process, with the goal of producing verbatim transcripts without sacrificing police time and money. We consider the potential viability of automatic transcripts as a “first” draft that would be manually corrected by police transcribers. The study additionally investigates the effects of audio quality, regional accent, and the ASR system used, as well as the types and magnitude of errors produced and their implications in the context of police-suspect interview transcripts.

Methods

Speech data was extracted from two forensically-relevant corpora, with speakers of two accents of British English: Standard Southern British English and West Yorkshire English (a non-standard regional variety). Both a high quality and degraded version of each file was transcribed using three commercially available ASR systems: Amazon, Google, and Rev.

Results

System performance varied depending on the ASR system and the audio quality, and while regional accent was not found to significantly predict word error rate, the distribution of errors varied substantially across the accents, with more potentially damaging errors produced for speakers of West Yorkshire English.

Discussion

The low word error rates and easily identifiable errors produced by Amazon suggest that the incorporation of ASR into the transcription of police-suspect interviews could be viable, though more work is required to investigate the effects of other contextual factors, such as multiple speakers and different types of background noise.
Threshold values of brachial cuff-measured arterial stiffness indices determined by comparisons with the brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity: a cross-sectional study in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Xujie , Jiang Yumin , Liang Fuyou , Lu Jianping
Published: July 2023

Background

Arterial Velocity-pulse Index (AVI) and Arterial Pressure-volume Index (API), measured by a brachial cuff, have been demonstrated to be indicative of arterial stiffness and correlated with the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the threshold values of AVI and API for screening increased arterial stiffness in the general population are yet to be established.

Methods

The study involved 860 subjects who underwent general physical examinations (M/F = 422/438, age 53.4 ± 12.7 years) and were considered to represent the general population in China. In addition to the measurements of AVI, API and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), demographic information, arterial blood pressures, and data from blood and urine tests were collected. The threshold values of AVI and API were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and covariate-adjusted ROC (AROC) analyses against baPWV, whose threshold for diagnosing high arterial stiffness was set at 18 m/s. Additional statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlations among AVI, API and baPWV and their correlations with other bio-indices.

Results

The area under the curve (AUC) values in ROC analysis for the diagnosis with AVI/API were 0.745/0.819, 0.788/0.837, and 0.772/0.825 (95% CI) in males, females, and all subjects, respectively. Setting the threshold values of AVI and API to 21 and 27 resulted in optimal diagnosis performance in the total cohort, whereas the threshold values should be increased to 24 and 29, respectively, in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis in the female group. The AROC analyses revealed that the threshold values of AVI and API increased markedly with age and pulse pressure (PP), respectively.

Conclusions

With appropriate threshold values, AVI and API can be used to perform preliminary screening for individuals with increased arterial stiffness in the general population. On the other hand, the results of the AROC analyses imply that using threshold values adjusted for confounding factors may facilitate the refinement of diagnosis. Given the fact that the study is a cross-sectional one carried out in a single center, future multi-center or follow-up studies are required to further confirm the findings or examine the value of the threshold values for predicting cardiovascular events.
Targeting proteases and proteolytic processing of unusual N-terminal extensions of Plasmodium proteins: parasite peculiarity
Authors: Tehlan Ankita , Saha Abhik , Dhar Suman Kumar
Published: July 2023

More than sesquicentennial years of malarial research, however the unique malarial parasite, Plasmodium still bewilders us with its atypical characteristic features. Elimination strategies, deeper knowledge of the parasite biology and pathways can help combat this global health concern that affects ∼250 million people annually. In this review, we unveil an unusual phenomenon observed in the parasite proteome, N-terminal extensions in proteins and highlight that the proteases that may be involved in their processing events, are potential candidates to target this pathogen. Plasmodium encodes larger proteins as compared to its eukaryotic counterparts with homology regions present in the C-terminus of the protein. In contrast, the function of unusual extensions in the N-terminus remains mostly elusive. This novelty observed in Plasmodium proteins is collated here with a focus on replication proteins. The plausible functions and prevalence of these extensions, despite the reduction in genome size, through the parasite evolution are also mentioned. We hypothesize that these extensions, propagated via the energy consuming cellular processes in the otherwise host-dependent obligate parasite, are beneficial to the parasite in ways that are yet to be explored. Consequently, targeting the proteolytic processing of these proteins and the involved proteases would serve as a new drug development regimen to tackle the emerging resistance in parasites to existing antimalarials.
Impacts of Amazon Fire Aerosols on the Subseasonal Circulations of the Mid-High Latitudes
Authors: Zhou Yu , Yan Huiping , Luo Jing-Jia
Published: July 2023

The strong radiative effects of fire aerosols have been well accepted in the climate community. However, there have been few studies on the aerosol effects at a monthly to subseasonal range. We used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis datasets and Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5) to explore the impacts of Amazon fire aerosols on the subseasonal climate. With the reanalysis datasets, we found that most of the abnormal high emissions tended to happen more frequently/intensely under a dry and warm condition during the La Niña years. And the composite analysis of the abnormal high emissions showed that there is a La Niña-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA), precipitation, and circulation anomalies. To isolate the aerosol impacts from the SSTA, we removed the linear regressions of the Nino3.4 SST index, and found that significant anomalies in the pressure field still persisted in the midlatitude. Five wavetrains can be found in the mid-high latitudes of both hemispheres induced by Amazon fire aerosols. Through prescribing climatological mean SST and La Niña-like SSTA in CAM5 simulations respectively, we found that only the latter could reproduce the aerosol impact on circulation in the mid-high latitudes, i.e., five-wave anomalies, although with biased locations. This indicates that the Amazon wildfire aerosol impacts are highly coupled with the La Niña-like SSTA. This study emphasizes that Amazon fire aerosols indeed result in significant circulation anomalies in the mid-high latitudes and including fire aerosols may improve model forecasting skills at the monthly to subseasonal timescale.
Experimental study on the hydraulic fracture propagation of laminar argillaceous limestone continental shale
Authors: Zhang Zilin , Zhong Anhai , Yang Feng , Zhang Liaoyuan , Lu Mingjing , Chai Lu , Li Lianchong
Published: July 2023

Laminar argillaceous limestone continental shale is an important oil reservoir in Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin of China. Affected by the laminar structure, the spatial propagation morphology of hydraulic fracturing is not clear. To reveal the propagation law of hydraulic fracturing pathway in laminar marl continental shale, the mineral content and basic rock mechanics test are firstly carried out on the cores from the wells in Jiyang Depression. Secondly the similar material cores with standard-size and large-size are manufactured and processed. Finally, combined with physical model experiments, acoustic emission and moment tensor inversion techniques, the hydraulic fracturing experiments on the large-size cores under different stress differences are conducted. The experimental results show that thein situstress (confining stresses), laminar structure, and lithological distribution jointly affect the propagation mode of fractures. As the horizontal stress difference increases, the stimulated reservoir volume gradually decreases, and the number of shear fractures decreases accordingly. Macroscopically, the pump pressure curve shows obvious fluctuation in the case with lower horizontal stress difference, which is the external performance of hydraulic fracture initiation–obstruction–turning–penetrating–obstruction–turning. The content of brittle and plastic minerals has a significant impact on the fracture complexity, particularly the layers with high argillaceous content have a significant inhibitory effect on fracture propagation. The weakly cemented lamination or bedding plane is easy to capture the fracture and make it propagate along the bedding plane, thereby increasing the complexity of fracture network. The research results are expected to provide a theoretical reference for design and optimization of hydraulic fracturing parameter in continental shale oil exploration and development.
Study on the dynamic response characteristics of roadbed and pavement under the humidity and season factors in the hilly area of Southwest China
Authors: Cao Mingming , Huang Wanqing , Liu Guoming , Wu Zhiyong
Published: July 2023

The environment of the roadbed and pavement often has a significant impact on its dynamic performance. The stability of the strata in the Hilly Area is poor, and long-term complex environmental impacts will cause significant damage to the pavement. This article tests the dynamic response characteristics of semi rigid and inverted asphalt pavement through road load tests, and measures the humidity data of the roadbed during on-site rainfall. In addition, the variation of pore water pressure in the transition layer under the coupling effect of humidity and dynamic load was analyzed, revealing the influence of seasonal factors on the dynamic response of the pavement and roadbed. The test results indicate that the humidity inside the roadbed is greatly influenced by seasonal factors, and the humidity conditions of the roadbed and pavement vary significantly due to differences in measurement point depth, season, and rainfall. Graded crushed stone cushion is beneficial for improving the humidity conditions of the roadbed. The pore water pressure of the graded crushed stone transition layer did not show significant pore water reabsorption throughout the entire loading process. Meanwhile, the thickness of the surface layer and the magnitude of the load have a significant impact on the measurement of pore water pressure in the transition layer. The measured values of the dynamic response indicators of the pavement are greatly influenced by seasonal factors. The research in this article will provide theoretical and guiding significance for the dynamic response characteristics of pavement under the influence of multiple factors in the southwestern hilly area.
The development of an instructional model to promote Chinese reading and writing skills for university students
Authors: Luo Menglan , Chano Jiraporn , Chittranun Thatchai , Shu Yaping , Nithideechaiwarachok Bussayarat
Published: July 2023

Because of the expanding global popularity of the language, more Thai colleges and universities have begun to offer Chinese language lessons in recent years. Yet, Thai teachers and students continue to struggle with how to teach and improve Chinese reading and writing skills. This research aimed to develop an instructional model based on second language acquisition theory to promote Chinese reading and writing skills for university students in the northeast of Thailand and study the results of the implementation. The participants were fifty second-year students majoring in Chinese from the faculty of humanities and social sciences of a public university. The instruments were an expert evaluation form, lesson plans, self-study reading quizzes, Chinese reading skills tests, a Chinese writing skills assessment form, and a questionnaire. Content analysis, mean, and also standard deviation were used to analyze the collected data. Thus, the findings revealed that the developed instructional model had the highest level of quality and appropriateness, which consisted of five components, including syntax and sequence, the social system, the principle of reaction, the support system, and the effect of the instructional model. The results of the implementation revealed that students’ Chinese reading and writing skills had improved, and the student’s attitudes toward learning with the developed instructional model were at a very high level. It is believed that this research could be beneficial for second-language Chinese students and teachers as well as other relevant parties involved in international Chinese education and research.
Analysis of risk factors for intra-cystic hemorrhage in microwave ablation of partially cystic thyroid nodules
Authors: Fu Yao , Huang Yuhui , Liu Yongtai , Song Yu
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify risk factors of intra-cystic hemorrhage in microwave ablation of mixed solid and cystic microwave ablation s, and to design a preoperative nomogram to predict the risk value of intraoperative bleeding with the goal of individualizing the surgical approach toward different types of cystic and solid thyroid nodules.

Methods

A total of 241 patients with cystic-solid thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation were retrospectively divided into a bleeding group and a non-bleeding group to compare the diameter, cystic proportion, cystic fluid nature, color Doppler flow imaging, Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) findings, and operative methods. Based on univariate and multivariate analysis, the important risk factors of nodular intracapsular hemorrhage in the ablation procedure were projected to a nomogram for predicting the possibility of intraoperative hemorrhage in the thyroid cystic solid nodules.

Results

Intra-cystic hemorrhage was developed in 37 cases during the ablation of mixed thyroid nodules with a total incidence of 15% (37/241). Significant differences were found statistically between the two groups on the diameter of the lesions, CEUS findings, the cystic fluid ratio, and operative methods (P = 0.000, P = 0.001, P = 0.024, P = 0.002). The possibility of intraoperative nodular intracapsular hemorrhage was predicted by the model based on the risk factors with the accuracy of 81% and prediction consistency index (C-index) of 0.78.

Conclusion

A new and efficient prediction model was developed based on the identified risk factors for intracapsular hemorrhage during microwave ablation of mixed thyroid nodules, which will aid in the development of targeted surgical planning for different types of cystic thyroid nodules, thus reducing the risk of hemorrhage during ablation.