bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing multimedia development for English language learning: Resources of effective instructional process
Authors: Sukirman Dadang , Setiawan Budi
Published: August 2022

Innovation in learning media development to facilitate students in supporting optimal learning outcomes is essential. This study aims to design mobile learning multimedia development production related to the mastery of English as a communication tool at the secondary level. It applies the following (4D) procedure: 1) define, which includes theoretical and need analysis; 2) design, which contains an identification of core competencies and basic competencies, selection and collection of materials, making flowcharts and storyboards; 3) develop, which includes the stages of media production, validation of media experts, validation of material experts and student response questionnaires and product trials; and 4) disseminate, which covers the activity of spreading the final validated product to the affiliated users used as learning media and or resources in the instructional process. The product development being tested has gone through several stages: a review from a media expert that includes aspects of software engineering and visual communication and a review from a material expert that contains parts of material and learning design. Students’ responses include technical and interesting aspects, limited trials, extensive trials and are feasible for medium learning, resulting in effective and efficient online learning resources.        

 

Keywords: Innovation; design; development; learning multimedia
Application of information technologies in distance learning in the field of higher education
Authors: Issayev Gani , Bagdat Baimukhanbetov , Abay Duisenbayev , Aizhan Sagimbayeva , Baimanova Lazzat , Almazhai Yegenissova
Published: August 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the world, education has switched to distance education. Education has transformed from face-to-face education to distance education. This situation caused educators and administrators who were unprepared to panic. Researchers need to increase research on distance education. In the distance education system, it is the most basic task of the teachers to increase the participation of students in the lessons, to teach the students with different techniques as in face-to-face education and to increase their motivation. It is very important to research and develop the techniques and systems used in distance education. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the views of university students about the distance education process and to get their suggestions. In this study, the qualitative research method for the research data was used for the views and needs of the students studying at the university about the distance education system. The study group included 102 education faculty students studying at 3 different universities. The application was carried out within the scope of the 2020–2021 fall semester computer courses. The interview form developed by the researchers was used as a data collection tool within the scope of the research. While the interview questions were being prepared, the opinions of three experts were taken and the questions were finalised. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings obtained as a result of the research are given in detail in the findings and results sections.

 

Keywords: Distance education, university student, opinion, computer lesson, higher education, information technologies;
The Dispute of Flirtation and Enthusiasm in Pre-Islamic Poetry An Objective Artistic Study For Teaching Arabic Literature/ جدلية الغزل والحماسة في الشعر الجاهلي دراسة موضوعية وفنية لتعليم الأدب العربي
Authors: Mahmoud Arif Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Teaching Arabic, especially literature related to poetry, must also teach the character of Arabic writers. The flirtation movement was mixed with enthusiasm because it is found in all atmospheres, even in the poems of love, especially when it grows stronger and becomes the beloved in the comedy of heroism. For example, Antarah bin Shaddad, who collected the sword and the arrows, stabbed the honey in an atmosphere in which war and love were mixed for the sake of highness and the sublime (Al-Baldawi). Therefore, we find his poetry strong, devoid of softness and tenderness because he lived in the atmosphere of war, suffering, and the cruelty of its conditions. Thus, his language is enthusiastic, intense, and lacks indolence. The Arabic people are the sons of their environment. They are knights who stretch in the desert (the Arabian Peninsula) with all dignity and pride, confident in step, strong-willed, basking in the whims of freedom and fulfillment. The Arabs are assertive and do not slacken in the face of adversity, no matter the sacrifices it costs. This is how they love life and land—singing in it the hymn of war and flirting with those on it with the passion of love. It was a subject that occupied the interest of the pre-Islamic poets until they issued it at the beginning of his poems. That nature of art which is a psychological need, represents facts and consciousness as it is. The spirit of life awakens a person's sense of meanings that cannot be hidden or ignored, no matter how great or magnificent it is, because it is part of his breath (Abdullah). Thus, the psyche of the knights' poets was a song sung by the poem of love following the blockages and desertions they are experiencing and the separation or departure that makes them sleepless. It also provokes their anger towards those they love, as they convey their complaints in an unbearable alienation, continuing to talk about their suffering in search of solutions to resolve their crises and seeking to deal with the sad things (Abdel-Baqi).
Arabic Language Learning For Elementary Schools During Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Salam Muhammad Yusuf , Asrori Imam , Mudinillah Adam , Sayyid Ibrahim Muhammad Abdul Ali
Published: August 2022

In the COVID-19 outbreak, the implementation of learning which is usually carried out face-to-face has been shifted to virtual form. The performance of education during the pandemic has undergone significant changes so that the problems found in its implementation can be studied to find solutions to these problems. This study was conducted to obtain data on the performance and progress of Arabic language learning in Islamic boarding schools during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through library research. The study was conducted to provide a clear, objective, systematic, analytical, and critical description of the implementation of Arabic language learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Tanah Datar during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in 2021 in one of the Ibtidaiyah Madrasah in Tanah Datar Regency. The research results are sourced from several instruments that have been prepared previously, such as questionnaires or research questionnaires to serve as a supporting tool in conducting direct observations and interviews with the research object. In addition, the data of this study were sourced from the results of interviews with the Ibtidaiyah madrasah. His study results indicate that learning Arabic during the pandemic has advantages and disadvantages. The obstacles found in the implementation of learning can be in the form of the psychological conditions of students affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, less than optimal teacher performance in preparing lessons, internal family problems, and the environmental conditions of the surrounding community.
Propuesta de vivienda sostenible utilizando concreto con fibras PET en un sistema de albañilería confinada y trombe a fin de mejorar el confort térmico en la sierra semi urbana
Authors:   , Dueñas Cervantes Bruno , Soto Hinojosa Wilder Dimas
Published: August 2022

El calentamiento global es un tema que genera mucha preocupación en la población mundial. Siendo el cambio climático una de las consecuencias que se perciben en las diversas partes del mundo. La manifestación de este cambio ha ocasionado que se propongan diversas técnicas o métodos que permitan mitigar o controlar relativamente las temperaturas extremas, entre estos métodos ingenieriles se propone al plástico como componente del concreto para aislar las temperaturas externas. Ese estudio desarrolla una investigación experimental de la influencia del tereftalato de polietileno (PET), al ser incluido en la mezcla de concreto, en el logro del confort térmico que se pudiese llegar a obtener, al combinarlo con una innovadora adaptación del sistema trombe en la construcción de una vivienda. Para ello, se asumirán especificaciones de investigaciones realizadas, con respecto a la elaboración e inclusión del PET, que permiten concluir indirectamente la mejora del aislamiento térmico sin dejar de cumplir las restricciones estructurales. Asimismo, se explicó a detalle, la forma en la que se adoptó e innovo el sistema de muros trombe al construir el techo de un prototipo de la vivienda. Los resultados muestran que la técnica empleada en el presente estudio permitió mejorar considerablemente la eficiencia térmica en el prototipo de la vivienda.
Effects of Top-Pruning Time on Fresh Flower Yield, Rose Oil Content and Compounds in Oil-Bearing Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.)
Authors: Erbaş Sabri , Kazaz Soner , Baydar Hasan
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of top-pruning time on flower yield, rose oil content and oil constituents in oil-bearing rose. Five-year old rose plants were top-pruned in three different dates starting from 15 March (early), 30 March (middle) and ending 15 April (late) before they started new growth in spring. In addition, non-pruned (untreated) parcels were used as controls. Top pruning time significantly affected the flower yield, oil content and its constituents. The highest flower yield (4302 kg/ha) was obtained from non-pruned plants. The fresh flower yield and rose oil content increased significantly from 3559 kg/ha to 3905 kg/ha and from 0.030 % to 0.045 %, respectively when the pruning time was delayed. GC-FID/MS analyses of rose oils revealed that monoterpenic constituents, such as geraniol and citronellol were higher in the rose oils distilled from late-pruned plants, paraffinic hydrocarbones (stearoptenes), such as nonadecane and heneicosane were higher in the rose oils distilled from early-pruned plants. The mid- pruning time (30 March) gave the highest citronellol and geraniol by 27.28 % and 30.64 %, respectively. A remarkable result was that methyl eugenol content, which is not desirable above a spesific quantity in rose oil due to allergic effects and mutagenic, decreased from early to late pruning.
CuBi2O4/Elektro-indirgenmiş Grafen Oksit Nanokompozitlerinin Yeni Bir Elektrokimyasal Teknik Kullanılarak Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: Öztürk Doğan Hülya , Kurt Urhan Bingül
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, bakır bizmutat (CuBi2O4) ve elektro-indirgenmiş grafen oksitten (ERGO) oluşan nanokompozit (CuBi2O4/ERGO) materyal tek kapta yeni bir elektrokimyasal teknik kullanılarak nikel (Ni) köpük elektrot yüzeyinde başarıyla sentezlenmiştir. Çözelti ortamı olarak Cu+2, Bi+3 ve grafen oksit (GO) ihtiva eden çözelti karışımı kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle oksijen gazı geçirilen çözelti ortamında Ni köpük elektrot yüzeyinde hidroksit türleri depozit edilmiştir. Sonrasında termal tavlama yapılarak oksit formuna dönüşüm sağlanmıştır. Elektrokimyasal olarak sentezlenen CuBi2O4/ERGO modifiye elektrotlar X-ışını kırınımı (XRD), X-ışını fotoelektron spektroskopisi (XPS), Raman, alan emisyonlu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FE-SEM) ve enerji dağılım spektroskopisi (EDS) teknikleri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Yapılan karakterizasyon işlemleri nanokompozitin hem CuBi2O4 hem de ERGO yapısını bir arada içerdiğini göstermiştir.
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Attitude toward Mathematics and Mathematics Anxiety: The Sample of Turkey
Authors: GEÇİCİ Mehmet Ertürk , BAYIRLI Hakan
Published: August 2022

This study aims to obtain a more comprehensive result for the studies examining the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and mathematics anxiety in Turkey. To this end, this study employed the meta-analysis method, and the results of the independent studies were combined statistically. A meta-analysis was conducted with 19 studies according to the inclusion criteria, and 21 effect-size values were calculated for these 19 different studies. The study revealed that the total sample size of the studies included in the meta-analysis was 8874. In the study, the mean effect size of the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and mathematics anxiety was -.566. This value obtained according to Fisher z corresponded to approximately -.512 when converted to the Pearson r value. This effect size indicated a high-level negative relationship between attitude toward mathematics and mathematics anxiety. The moderator analysis demonstrated that while the effect sizes did not differ in terms of school level, publication type, publication year, and sample size variables, they differed in terms of the research region variable.
Algoritmos y programación en Python. Un enfoque práctico para programar.
Authors: Alberto Lira Roberto Enrique
Published: August 2022

Debido a las dificultades que se le presentan a los estudiantes de los primeros cursos de programación, el autor se dio a la tarea de observar y analizar en donde tienen sus orígenes esas dificultades; llegando a la conclusión de que en muchos casos no hay bases sólidas en lógica y aritmética. Estas disciplinas son sumamente importantes para que un estudiante pueda realizar fluidamente un curso básico de programación. Por lo que en esta obra se abordan la lógica y la aritmética antes de empezar a programar. También el autor ha notado que muchos libros de programación se centran en la sintaxis de un lenguaje en particular, dejando de lado la parte fundamental de la programación, la cual es la lógica. De igual modo, algunos libros resultan sumamente complejos de seguir para los estudiantes que aún inician en el maravilloso mundo de la programación. Por lo anterior, en esta obra se presenta un enfoque un tanto diferente de los libros tradicionales que enseñan a programar, esperando aportar un granito de arena para mejorar la comprensión de la programación.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN STABILITAS PUREE BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Ponglabba Dela Vikantika , Sarungallo Zita Letviany , Santoso Budi
Published: August 2022

Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) is an endemic plant of Papua containing active components (carotenoids and tocopherols) as antioxidants and potential as a functional food. Until now, red fruit is only used for produce oil, while the information on the flesh of the fruit for raw materials of various food products is still limited, such as the chemical content, active components, and stability. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional composition and active components of red fruit puree and evaluate the stability of red fruit puree during storage. The puree of the red fruit was packed in a glass bottle and stored at room temperature (30±2°C) for 60 days to tested their quality stabilities. Parameters of color, aroma, taste, emulsion stability, viscosity, total dissolved solids, and acidity were observed on days 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 during storage. While total carotenoids were observed on days 0, 20, 40, and 60. The results showed that the nutritional content of red fruit puree in 100 g of dry weight included water content of 55.8%, ash content of 2.22%, fat content of 67.39%, protein content of 7.84%, and carbohydrate content of 22.56 %. Whereas, the active compounds, namely total carotenoids of 2003 ppm, β-carotenoids of 19 ppm, total tocopherol of 502 ppm, and -tocopherol of 371 ppm. During 60 days of storage, the color, aroma, taste, emulsion stability, total dissolved solids, and pH of red fruit puree were relatively stable. However, the viscosity was stable until day 40 and total carotenoids tended to decrease. This puree contains high carotenoids and tocopherols, so it has the potential as a functional food that is good for health.

Keywords: carotenoid, emulsion, functional food, tocopherol
Ten guidelines for designing motor learning studies
Authors: Ranganathan Rajiv , Lee Mei-Hua , Krishnan Chandramouli
Published: August 2022

Motor learning is a central focus of several disciplines including kinesiology, neuroscience and rehabilitation. However, given the different traditions of these fields, this interdisciplinarity can be a challenge when trying to interpret evidence and claims from motor learning experiments. To address this issue, we offer a set of ten guidelines for designing motor learning experiments starting from task selection to data analysis, primarily from the viewpoint of running lab-based experiments. The guidelines are not intended to serve as rigid rules, but instead to raise awareness about key issues in motor learning. We believe that addressing these issues can increase the robustness of work in the field and its relevance to the real-world.
On agent focus agreement in Proto-Mayan
Authors: Holtmann Thilo Momme
Published: August 2022

In many Mayan languages, a special construction is used to focus subjects of transitive verbs, the so-called agent focus construction. Though this construction has two participants, it is morphologically intransitive and agrees with only one argument. Modern Mayan languages differ in which argument is cross-referenced in the agent focus construction, with some of them showing agreement with the agent, others with the patient and others with either the agent or the patient depending on their respective position on a person hierarchy. All of these patterns have been proposed by different authors to be the original pattern found in Proto-Mayan. Based on evidence from colonial Q’eqchi’, this paper suggests that in Proto-Mayan the verb did not agree at all in the agent focus construction. The variety of different agreement patterns in modern Mayan languages reflects the fact that agreement in the agent focus construction developed only after Proto-Mayan had split up.
An Evaluation of Academic Performance in Light of Some TQM Requirements at the Faculty of Education and Languages - Amran, Republic of Yemen
Authors: AL- Mamari Fahd Saleh
Published: August 2022

Abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate academic performance in the Faculty of Education and Languages in the city of Amran, by applying some of the requirements of TQM from the viewpoint teachers of the college, and impact of (sex , specialty, qualification, experience)  on their assessment of the performance, using the descriptive method. A questionnaire of (79) items distributed over seven themes was designed and distributed to   all members of the population which were (100). (100). The respondents, whose number was 76, were (32) PhD holders, (14) MA holders and (30) BA holders.  After using the SPSS statistical package, the analysis revealed the following:1- the Pan performance on average ( 2.18) from (05 ); evaluation (weak). And as areas ;the area ( 5 ); quality of faculty members and their assistants ; got ( acceptable), average (2.64 );  and got the area ( 4); quality  of guidance and counseling programs - on average (1.80) evaluation (non-existent), and got the rest areas, on average between (2.30 - 1.85); rating (weak).Finally; there are not any standard; rating (good, very good). According to the standards got (25) criterion; (31.7%) On the evaluation of the (non-existent), and (34) criterion; (43%) Evaluation of (weak), and (20) standards, ( 25.3 %) evaluation (acceptable), and one standard; got( 1.32% ) On the evaluation of (good); the highest rating in the search.2 - there are signifcant differences at (α = 0.05) due to sex, in the area (6) ; research and scientific activities ; fore females , and experience; in three areas; ( 7, 5 , 3); ( calendar system of students, faculty, labs ); for the least of the five years experience, and qualifier;  and in the area (7); quality of labs; for doctoral and University graduate, and the lack of differences in other areas.3 - In the light of the results there is a number of recommendations and proposals to achieve quality assurance and accreditation at the Faculty of Education Imran.
Transparência municipal e controle social: a visão dos Observatórios Sociais sobre os portais de transparência e acesso à informação
Authors: Di Marco Cláudio Augusto Ferreira , Terci Eliana Tadeu
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa as inovações introduzidas na publicitação das ações e resultado da gestão pública pelos portais de transparência e de acesso à informação, de modo a verificar sua eficácia em facilitar o controle social, buscando aferir indiretamente a opinião dos usuários sobre a qualidade dos portais criados para atender às determinações da Lei de Transparência (LT) e da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) dos municípios, realizando-se uma coleta de dados com dirigentes de entidades da rede Observatório Social do Brasil encontrados dentro de uma amostra que representa 6,7% das cidades do estado, mas que compreende mais de 20 milhões de habitantes. A pesquisa indicou que os portais de transparência têm se constituído em ambiente informacional importante para as entidades, mas necessitam de aprimoramentos, principalmente considerando-se o acesso não amigável e as dificuldades para se encontrar as informações, bem como para obtenção de respostas adequadas às solicitações. Como sugestão de melhoria, recomenda-se a criação de mecanismos de avaliação participativa, como conselhos de transparência e controle social.
Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning: Student Satisfaction with Online Learning using Learning Management Systems
Authors: Osman Siti Zuraidah Md
Published: August 2022

Students' satisfaction, knowledge, skills and attitude towards learning (KSAs), engagement and interaction in online learning are essential indicators in ensuring that the Learning Management System (LMS) is utilised effectively and efficiently. However, most students become passive listeners and observers during online teaching and learning activities on the LMS platform, both in synchronous and asynchronous learning. Therefore, this study aimed to identify student satisfaction in terms of KSAs, engagement and interaction with a combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning in online learning platforms. A questionnaire was distributed to 163 students from a higher education institution. The results showed that student satisfaction was at a high level in KSAs; there was a significant positive relationship between KSAs, interaction and student engagement which led to student satisfaction. Therefore, a teaching design which combines synchronous and asynchronous learning methods could be applied by educators to enhance students' KSAs, interaction and engagement to help raise their satisfaction levels.
Expanded knowledge of cell-free DNA biology: potential to broaden the clinical utility
Authors: Che Huiwen , Stanley Kate , Jatsenko Tatjana , Thienpont Bernard , Vermeesch Joris Robert
Published: August 2022

Noninvasive sampling of an individual’s body fluids is an easy means to capture circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). These small fragments of DNA carry information on the contributing cell’s genome, epigenome, and nuclease content. Analysis of cfDNA for the assessment of genetic risk has already revolutionized clinical practice, and a compendium of increasingly higher-resolution approaches based on epigenetic and fragmentomic cfDNA signatures continues to expand. Profiling cfDNA has unlocked a wealth of molecular information that can be translated to the clinic. This review covers the biological characteristics of cfDNA, recent advances in liquid biopsy and the clinical utility of cfDNA.
Domestic and international sovereignty: the disputes over the status of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, and Taiwan
Authors: Coppieters B.
Published: August 2022

Sovereignty is a key concept in discourses regarding the disputes over the status of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, and Taiwan. It helps the conflicting parties to communicate their positions regarding their preferred status of the contested territory and indicates the limits that negotiations are not permitted to transgress. It frames a parent state’s policy of nonrecognition, intended to prevent permanent separation, and a contested state’s policy of recognition to prevent its own subordination. In defending their claims, the conflicting parties do not enjoy equal conditions. The contested state’s lack of recognition weakens its position in the international order. The parent state will make use of this asymmetry at the international level to weaken the contested state’s claims to sovereignty. The contested state, by contrast, will try to achieve legal recognition through international agreements. This is possible with regard to competences that it exercises as a de facto territorial authority. This means that the control a contested state exercises at the domestic level is transferred to the international level, to strengthen its claims to sovereignty. The distinction between domestic and international sovereignty is useful for analyzing these strategies and conflict dynamics. This article analyzes disputes over the status of a breakaway territory in terms of these two categories. In particular, it explores how nonrecognition policies by parent states and recognition policies by contested states at the international level affect the latter’s sovereignty at the domestic level.
Poznan Clinic of Hand Surgery in the centenary of the Faculty of Medicine of the Poznan University
Authors: Roszak Andrzej , Romanowski Piotr , Kozłowska Katarzyna , Jokiel Marta
Published: August 2022

Artykuł przedstawia powstanie i rozwój Kliniki Traumatologii, Ortopedii i Chirurgii Ręki (początkowo nazywanej Kliniką Chirurgii Ręki) Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Poznaniu. Został napisany z okazji stulecia Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, uczelni założonej w 1919 r., z której w 1950 r. wyodrębniona została Akademia Medyczna (od 2007 r. Uniwersytet Medyczny) w Poznaniu. Artykuł dostarcza gruntownej wiedzy o rozwoju Kliniki i ortopedach z nią związanych, zwłaszcza o prof. Hieronimie Strzyżewskim (1926-1971).
Reflections on the “Hippocratic Oath and Commandment” by Władysław Szenajch
Authors: Obrębowski Andrzej , Obrębowska Anna , Obrębowska Zofia , Baliński Marek
Published: August 2022

Autorzy przedstawiają z perspektywy długoletniej praktyki lekarskiej poglądy Władysława Szenajcha (1879-1964), pediatry, filozofa medycyny i społecznika, na powinności etyczne lekarza. W artykule znajduje się biogram Stanisława Obrębowskiego.
Wanda Wojtkiewicz-Rok’s borderline territories
Authors: Magowska Anita
Published: August 2022

Artykuł przedstawia życie i działalność naukową prof. Wandy Wojtkiewicz-Rok (19472018). Była historykiem, nauczycielem w liceach a potem akademickim. Najdłużej była związana z Akademią Medyczną we Wrocławiu. Jej zainteresowania naukowe skupiały się przede wszystkim na historii medycyny lwowskiej w latach 1894-1939.
My resumé
Authors: Kozłowski Kazimierz
Published: August 2022

Artykuł stanowi autobiografię prof. Kazimierza Kozłowskiego, lekarza, światowego autorytetu w dziedzinie wad kostnych, zwłaszcza dysplazji, honorowego członka Polskiego Towarzystwa Genetyki Człowieka. Opisał m.in. 12 nieznanych wcześniej zespołów.
Notes from Wanda Błeńska's notebook (1911-2004)
Authors: Błeńska Wanda
Published: August 2022

Wanda Błeńska (1911-2004), absolwentka Wydziału Lekarskiego Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, była w latach 1951-1983 lekarzem naczelnym, a następnie do 1993 roku konsultantem, ośrodka dla trędowatych prowadzonym przez siostry franciszkanki w Buluba i Nyenga w Ugandzie. Nawiązała współpracę z niemieckimi lekarzami i WHO, co pozwoliło jej przekształcić ten ośrodek w nowoczesną placówkę leczenia trądu za pomocą terapii skojarzonej. Jej zapiski udostępniła rodzina dr W. Błeńskiej.
A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals
Authors: Allan Julaine , Cameron Jacqui , Bruno Juliana
Published: August 2022

Background Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) is a dissociative anaesthetic that is sometimes used recreationally. The prevalence of N₂O use is difficult to quantify but appears to be increasing. Research on N₂O harms and application of harm reduction strategies are limited. The aim of this mixed method systematic review was to collate and synthesise the disparate body of research on recreational nitrous oxide use to inform harm reduction approaches tailored for young people. Methods To identify publications reporting recreational use of N₂O, a search of public health, psychology and social science databases was conducted. Databases included PubMed, CIHNAL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Gray literature and Google advanced search were also used. Due to limited published literature on the recreational use of N₂O, no limit was placed on publication date or study type. A thematic synthesis extracted descriptive and analytical themes from the selected studies. Quality appraisal was conducted using the CASP Tool for Qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute case report assessment tool Results The search retrieved 407 reports. Thirty-four were included in the final analysis including sixteen case reports. The included studies were primarily concerned with raising awareness of the apparently increasing use and subsequently increasing harms of recreational N₂O use. There was limited reference to policy or legislative responses in any published studies, no suggestions for harm reduction strategies or application of service level responses. In general, individuals lack awareness of N2O related harms. Conclusion The review found three key areas that deserve further consideration including: 1) policy, 2) service delivery, and 3) harm associated with N₂O use. We recommend a top-down (policy) and bottom-up (services delivery/services users) approach to harm reduction for N₂O use which also includes further consultation and research with both groups. Future research could explore young people’s experience of N₂O use including benefits and problems to inform contextually relevant harm reduction strategies.
Geographic information system as a tool for assessing ponds and the potential for environmental impact caused by fish farming
Authors: Morsoleto Felipe Misael da Silva , Lira Karen Carrilho da Silva , Silva Jhony Ferry Mendonça da , Francisco Humberto Rodrigues , Bittencourt Fabio , Feiden Aldi
Published: August 2022

The hydrographic basin of Arroio Marreco (Paraná State) concentrates a productive chain of fish farming and great intensification of tilapia farming. In this study, we aimed to monitor the quality of effluent water and organic and inorganic elements released by fish farming in ponds, using geomorphological and land-use and occupation data. The Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models, Digital Elevation Model software was used to delimit watersheds in the software Quantum geographic information system version 3.6.3. A total of 1,457 production units (water slides) were identified across the study area. This represented an occupied area of 160.2 ha. Analyzing the sub-basins, it was found that High Marreco is the sub-basin with the most developed logistical chain. Low Marreco does not yet have an integration of its fish farming with the region’s logistics chain. Medium Marreco does not have fish farming as its main activity, only using it to reuse inputs from other agricultural activities. There is a large input of nutrients from aquaculture in all the sub-basins. To reduce them, it is recommended to implement decantation and/or reuse of wastewater systems. The results of this study show how important it is to know the dynamics of nutrients in the fish farms and the physical characteristics of the drainage basin to determine the support capacity of the environment, so as not to allow licenses that promote impacts above the self-cleaning capacity of the courses water.
Detection of Digital Law Issues and Implication for Good Governance Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Marwan Awaludin , Garduño Diana Odier-Contreras , Bonfigli Fiammetta
Published: August 2022

The concept of good governance is essential to be utilized to analyze updating digital law and society. However, at the practical level, it can still be seen the lack of implementation of the principle of properness, transparency, effectiveness, accountability, participation, and human rights by the government to respond to the economic growth and criminal trend within the digital era. This study discusses good governance as a concept that can be used to analyze digital law and society. Especially in the cybercrime and e-businesses in Indonesia, the concept of good governance may utilize the social impact. This study uses socio-legal research, which combines interviews and literature review. This article will start to discuss the relevance of the study of good governance, digital law, and society in Indonesia's social and judicial context with the Electronic Information Transaction Law. This study concludes that during the growth of the digital economy, Indonesia has suffered from cyber-attacks, scams, phishing, malware injection, etc., which may need more extraordinary law enforcement. At the same time, the increasing number of e-commerce, fintech, social media, digital start-up, etc., need support from proper facilitation by the government. Good governance may provide a tool to cover the objective and balance its outcomes in the digital era.
The contribution of livestock business and utilization of biogas on the income of farmer's family in Boyolali Regency
Authors: Purnomo Sutrisno Hadi , Sari Ayu Intan , Rahayu Endang Tri , Emawati Shanti
Published: August 2022

Objective: Farm businesses not only produce output in the form of meat, eggs, and milk, but also produce livestock manure, which can be used as biogas to achieve business efficiency and optimization. This study aims to determine the contribution of cattle farming by utilizing livestock manure into biogas on the income of the farmer's family.

Methods: The research was conducted in Boyolali Regency, namely in Musuk, Ampel, Cepogo, and Sambi Districts. Respondents of this study were dairy and beef cattle breeders who had processed livestock manure into biogas with a total of 60 respondents. The data analysis method used is descriptive quantitative analysis, income analysis, and business contribution analysis.

Results: The results of the study indicate that the income of beef cattle farming with an average maintenance scale of 3 animals is 458,083 IDR/month, while the value of dairy farming business income with a scale of 2 animals is 749,083 IDR /month. Beef cattle farmer family income 5.497.000 IDR/month and 8.989.000 IDR/month for the family income of dairy farmers. The contribution of beef cattle business to family income is 29.93%, and 36.88% is for dairy cattle.

Conclusions: The conclusion is the contribution of beef cattle farming by using livestock manure into biogas is still low, which is below 30%, categorized as a small business. Livestock business income is not only influenced by the sale of cows and milk, but also from the utilization of waste into biogas (7.1-8.0%).

 
CHEMICAL THREATS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland, PILARCZYK Maria , KONODYBA-RORAT Bogna ,   Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
Published: August 2022

Farm work is highly diverse and can be intense during growing seasons. It involves machin- ery and tools, close contact with animals and changing environmental conditions. Farmers face many dangers as part of their everyday duties, among them being chemical hazards such as pesticides, fuels and lubricants, mineral fertilizers and disinfectants. This risk is followed by dust generated when growing plants, feeding animals and cleaning the farm. Mineral fertilizers should be applied in a way that is safe for the health of humans, animals and the environment. Work related to the application of fertilizers may be performed only by healthy adults after appropriate training: any sick workers require medical certification before working with mineral fertilizers. In all cases, direct contact with the skin and eyes should be avoided, and mineral fertilizers, especially dusty ones, should only be spread on windless days. Pesticides are among the most harmful compounds to which farmers are exposed. The user is at risk during their use, as well as while they are stored in a warehouse when disposing of residues and empty packaging. A thorough knowledge of risk factors significantly increases work safety in agriculture.
ASSESSMENT OF BREEDING AND MILKING PERFORMANCE OF POLISH HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS (HO) AND CROSSES WITH THE NORWEGIAN RED BREED (HO × NR)
Authors:   Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland, PYTLEWSKI Jarosław , ANTKOWIAK Ireneusz R. ,   Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland, CZERNIAWSKA-PIĄTKOWSKA Ewa ,   Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to compare breeding performance traits (in heifers) and milking performance (primiparous cows) of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White breed (HO) with those of the Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White × Norwegian Red (HO × NR) F1 crosses kept under uniform environmental conditions. More advantageous breeding parameters and higher daily milk yields as well as lower daily contents of fat, protein, casein and dry matter and lower somatic cell counts in milk were recorded for F1 crosses (HO × NR) compared to purebred HO cows. In view of milk yield per lactation, greater contents of milk, fat and protein as well as lower concentrations of fat and dry matter in milk during the first 100 days in milk were found for crossbred primiparous cows. In turn, in the standard 305-day lactation milk coming from HO cows contained higher levels of protein and dry matter. In order to confirm the results obtained in this study it is advisable to con- duct further investigations on a larger population of cows of both genotypes, including assessment of their functional and production traits over their productive lives.
Ethnic differences between South Asians and White Caucasians in cardiovascular disease-related mortality in developed countries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Patel Mubarak , Abatcha Salim , Uthman Olalekan
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with significantly worse mortality-related outcomes in ethnic minorities in developed countries. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to investigate cardiovascular disease-related mortality inequalities between South Asian and White Caucasian ethnic groups.MethodsPublished studies on mortality between South Asians and Whites in developed countries were retrieved from MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and grey literature sources (inception-April 2021) and critically appraised using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses were performed for both primary and secondary outcomes. Heterogeneity was determined using the I2statistic.ResultsOf the 9,879 studies screened originally, 41 were deemed eligible. A further 3 studies were included via the later search. Of these, 15 reported cardiovascular disease -related mortality, 23 reported all-cause mortality, and 6 reported both. The meta-analysis results showed that South Asians had a meaningfully increased risk of cardiovascular disease -mortality compared to Whites (risk ratio=1.32; 95% credible interval = 1.14 to 1.54), and a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio=0.95; 95% credible interval = 0.83 to 1.12).DiscussionSouth Asians had statistically meaningfully higher odds of cardiovascular disease-related mortality compared to Whites, but not for all-cause mortality. Risk of bias was a serious concern mainly due to a lack of confounders being reported.FundingThis review received no specific funding.RegistrationPROSPERO ID: CRD42021240865.
Chitosan Based Drug Delivery Systems for Skin Atopic Dermatitis: Recent Advancements and Patent Trends
Authors: Chuah Lay-Hong , Loo Hooi-Leong , Goh Choon Fu , Fu Ju-Yen , NG Shiow-Fern
Published: August 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with a considerable social and economic burden globally. AD is primarily characterized by its chronic pattern and it can have important modifications in the quality of life of the patients and caretakers. One of the fastest-growing topics in translational medicine today is the exploration of new or repurposed functional biomaterials into drug delivery therapeutic applications. This area has gained a considerable amount of research which produced many innovative drug delivery systems for inflammatory skin diseases like AD. Chitosan, a polysaccharide, has attracted attention as a functional biopolymer for diverse applications, especially in pharmaceutics and medicine, and has been considered a promising candidate for AD treatment due to its antimicrobial, antioxidative, and inflammatory response modulation properties. The current pharmacological treatment for AD involves prescribing topical corticosteroid and calcineurin inhibitors. However, the adverse reactions associated with the long term usage of these drugs such as itching, burning or stinging sensation are also well-documented. Innovative formulation strategies, including the use of micro and nanoparticulate systems, biopolymer hydrogel composites, nanofibers, and textile fabrication are being extensively researched with an aim to produce a safe and effective delivery system for AD treatment with minimal side effects. This review outlines the recent development of various chitosan-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of AD published in the past 10 years (2012-2022). These chitosan-based delivery systems include the hydrogels, films, micro- and nanoparticulate systems as well as chitosan textile. The global patent trends on chitosan-based formulations for the atopic dermatitis was also discussed.
Issues with Specification of Margins and Analytic Methods on Potential Bias Towards the Alternative in Randomized Noninferiority Pragmatic Trials: Results of a Literature Survey
Authors: Ciarleglio Maria , Li Jiaxuan , Peduzzi Peter
Published: August 2022

Background: Issues with specification of margins and analytic methods can potentially bias results towards the alternative in randomized noninferiority pragmatic trials. To investigate this potential for bias we conducted a targeted search of the medical literature to examine how noninferiority pragmatic trials address these issues. Methods: An Ovid MEDLINE database search was performed that identified any publications in New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, or British Medical Journal published between 2015 and 2021 (inclusive) that included the words “pragmatic” or “comparative effectiveness” as well as “noninferiority” or “non-inferiority” in a multi-purpose search. Our search identified 14 potential trials of which 12 met our inclusion criteria. Results: Of the 12 randomized pragmatic noninferiority trials, 11 were individually randomized trials and one was a cluster randomized trial. Ten of the 11 individually randomized trials met the criteria established for noninferiority as did the one cluster randomized trial. Noninferiority margins were prespecified for all the trials. The majority of margins (6) were based on either minimum clinically important differences, clinical experts, or consensus, while others were based on sample size, empirical data, or clinical decision. For two trials, no justification for the margin was provided. All trials conducted intent to treat or modified intent to treat analyses along with per protocol analyses and reached similar conclusions. Only two trials included all randomized participants in the primary analysis, one of which used multiple imputation to impute missing data. The percentage of participants excluded from the primary analysis ranged from about 2% to nearly 30% and sometimes differed between treatment arms.Conclusions: Specification of margins and methods of analysis require careful consideration to prevent bias towards the alternative in noninferiority trials. Much of the guidance on these two issues has been developed for a regulatory environment and not for pragmatic noninferiority trials. Since many pragmatic trials generally follow the PRECIS criteria of little or no monitoring of participant or practitioner adherence, it affects separation of treatments which in turn affects both the setting of margins and analysis. More recent developments on estimands can address the latter issue.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Filtering Technique for Reduction of Papr in Alamouti Coded Mimo-ofdm Systems
Authors: RAJKUMARSINGH Bhimsen , RAJARAI Raja R. , Hosany Mussawir
Published: August 2022

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique combined with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the proficient air interface for upcoming generations of high data rate and high-speed wireless communication. Nonetheless, such a system suffers from the drawback of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) when the symbol phases in the OFDM subcarriers line up in such a fashion that constructive formation of a large signal peak in the time domain occurs. Classical amplitude clipping, one of the simplest techniques, is employed to reduce PAPR. However, such a canonical approach leads to additional distortion, which is suppressed by an appropriate hybrid of clipping and filtering in this paper. It is shown that at a clipping ratio of 1.8, a PAPR reduction of 9.818dB, equivalent to a percentage difference of 97.97% with respect to the original signal is achieved, when employing QPSK modulation and 12.42% more when using clipping only. The proposed work can find applications in Massive MIMO systems for beyond 5G networks.