bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Magnetorheological Damper Semi-Active Control Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Yue De Kun , Wang Qi
Published: December 2010

Uncertainty for the building structure and nonlinear, this simulation of a multi-storey structure under earthquake is presented based on the BP neural network and system identification, controller will be built to effectively reduce the structural response, and to strengthen the unique damper performance.
An Image-Based Method for Automatically Measuring Leaf Parameters with a Scanner
Authors: Chen Ai Jun
Published: December 2010

A method for measuring parameters of plant leaf is proposed using image processing software developed with Visual C++6.0 based on image processing techniques and a digital scanner. Images with plant leaves and reference objects are acquired using a digital scanner. Then, image segmentation, component labeling and contour extraction are operated and the image parameters(including area, perimeter, length and width) of the leaves and the reference objects in these images are obtained. According to the real parameters and the image parameters of the reference object, two calibration factors can be gained. Finally, the real parameters of plant leaves are detected with the calibration factors and the image parameters of plant leaves. Measuring experiments on three kinds of leaves are performed and experimental results compared with a typical manual method demonstrate that the the proposed method in this paper is efficient and practical.
Synchronization of Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems with Uncertain Parameters
Authors: Zhang Hong , Pu Qiu Mei
Published: December 2010

For the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems with uncertain parameters, a controller based on sliding mode theory is presented. Based on the stability theory of fractional-order system, stability of the proposed method is analyzed. The theory is successfully applied to synchronize fractional Newton-Leipnik chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
A Study of Airflow Organization in the Desert Environment Simulation Laboratory
Authors: Li Min Xia , Li Xiu Hui , Wang Zhan Zhong
Published: December 2010

In this dissertation, the internal field of a laboratory of desert environment simulation was studied and analyzed. According to the sizes of the axial-fans and the laboratory, the numerical models of the fans and the laboratory were built with CAD and GAMBIT. The numerical simulation was carried out with commercial CFD software-Fluent and the k-ε model was established to research this project. The variation effect of the height of the solar simulator and the opening with exhaust hood on the flow field was also investigated. And the demand of different velocity outlet conditions could be met by changing fan rotational speed. From the results of the simulation and the experiment, it is shown that the method of numerical simulation coupling fan and laboratory model was feasible to the simulation of the laboratory.
Application of Mathematical Morphology on Touching or Broken Characters Processing
Authors: Liu Ying Jie , You Fu Cheng
Published: December 2010

It is difficult to process touching or broken characters in practical applications on optical character recognition. For touching or broken characters, a method based on mathematical morphology of binary image is put forward in the paper. On the basis of the relative theories of digital image processing, the overall process is introduced including separation of touching characters and connection of broken characters. First of all, character image is pre-processed through smoothing and threshold segmentation in order to generate binary image of characters. Then character regions which are touching or broken are processed through different operators of mathematical morphology of binary image by different structuring elements. Thus the touching characters are separated and broken characters are connected. For higher recognition rate, further processes are done to achieve normal and individual character regions.
The Study of CSPX Information Support Technology
Authors: Chen Yu , Peng Wu Liang , Kong De Cai
Published: December 2010

To promote international industrial subcontracting in China, this paper introduced the advanced information network technologies of international industrial subcontracting (SPX), and presented an information support system for china union of international industrial subcontracting (CSPX). The functions of the support system include technical information search, information retrieval, information dissemination, information exchange etc. In order to promote the service function of SPX and role in promoting enterprise development, we analyze the integration need of SPX system and other information systems and given and present an approach to realize the enterprise application integration between all these information systems.
Analysis and Simulation of a Spherical Robot
Authors: Sang Sheng Ju , Shen Ding , Zhao Ji Chao , Hu Jia Yang , An Qi
Published: December 2010

In this paper, a spherical robot with an internal mechanism for propulsion is briefly introduced. The spherical robot is actuated and steered through a couter-weight pendulum connected to the main axle, a drived motor and a steer motor. A mathematical model of the robot’s dynamic and motion is instructed. The 3D model of the robot is built by SOLIDWORKS and then exported to ADAMS for simulation. For a number of missions, it is shown experimentally that the model agrees well with the results.
The Realization of 16-Bit PWM for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Charging by Using C8051F020 MCU
Authors: Liu Kai Xu , Duan Yu Bo
Published: December 2010

In the lithium-ion battery charging circuits, needs to solve the PWM signal and systems synthesis control item. Therefore, converting voltage feedback signal by C8051F020 MCU ADC0, the result which ADC0 converts delivers the Programmable Counter Array PCA0 module to realize 16-bit PWM trigger signal to control the charging circuit output. At the same time in producing the PWM signal, Use the ADC0 window detector to realize entering value surpassing range alarm and protection, Also, because 12-bit ADC0 is, therefore, Have carried out a recondition on the PCA0 value in program, have realized PWM control signal output, it's frequency is to set up, cause it's application to further nimble, control accuracy more highly.
Stability Analysis of Supply Chain System Based on E-Commerce
Authors: Li Zhao Hui , Chen Yan , Chen Xiu Quan
Published: December 2010

The rapid development of supply chain will bring new opportunities for the convergence of corporate resources and upgrade of competitive power. Supply chain enterprises are encountering challenge of enhancing the stability. This article analyzes the factors to strengthen the supply chain management in term of node enterprises’ internal factors, the cooperation between node enterprises as well as social environment where the supply chain resides. To make enterprises to concern the information integration and e-commerce infrastructure construction, this article also proposes enacting the corresponding laws and agreements to reinforce the stability of supply chain.
RTC Driver Development in Embedded Linux
Authors: Xiao Ke , Li Hu , Fu Xiao Ling
Published: December 2010

RTC device driver on the PXA270 platform and Linux 2.6.31 kernel is designed in this paper. To design credible drivers, first, I2C bus and I2C driver framework are introduced. Then, all approach to the design of RTC driver based on ISL1208 is analyzed. And finally, RTC driver based on I2C is implemented and tested. This paper can provide some reference to RTC driver development on embedded systems.
Study on Industrial EIP Protocol and its Application
Authors: Lu Sheng
Published: December 2010

EtherNet/IP protocol (EIP) is a new standard of field bus standard. It is an open industrial networking standard that supports real-time I/O messaging, explicit message exchange. This paper has a discussion on the structure of EIP, EIP packet encapsulation and its application in industrial area. And it analyses the working principle of CIP, which includes objects, services, and application data. In addition, it studies how EIP realize Explicit Messaging and Explicit Message. It gives the analysis of application of EIP in industrial area.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Crystal Structure and Microstructure of Pr0.67Ba0.33MnO3 Ceramic
Authors: Kuen Wong Jen , Pah Lim Kean , Halim Shaari Abdul , Kien Chen Soo , Wei Ng Siau
Published: December 2010

Polycrystalline perovskite manganites of Pr0.67Ba0.33MnO3 bulk ceramic samples were prepared via conventional solid-state reaction. The influence of structure and microstructure towards sintering temperature of the samples were studied. At lower sintering temperature (900°C, 1100°C and 1100°C) other phases such as PrO2 and BaMnO3 were detected using XRD and further confirmed with EDX analysis. Furthermore, phase purification and crystal structure transformation was observed in sample sintered at 1200°C and 1300°C respectively. SEM analysis indicated that higher sintering temperature promotes grain growth and densification. Overall, in this paper, phase purification and crystal structure transformation had been observed. Orthorhombic structure is more favorable to form at higher sintering temperature for Pr0.67Ba0.33MnO3.
Effects of the Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on the Synthesis of Alumina Fibers through Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Abdullah Ruzainah , Sreekantan Srimala , Hasmaliza Mohamad
Published: December 2010

Alumina fiber products have high modulus and strength that are resistant toward the attacks of molten metals and non-oxide materials up to 1000°C. Fibers also have low thermal conductivity and high melting point. In this work, alumina fibers were synthesized by sol-gel electrospinning technique (e-spinning). The sol was prepared by mixing aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (ALN) and aluminum isopropoxide at 1:3 molar ratios. The precursor sol was stirred vigorously for 24 hours until ALP completely dissolved. After stirring, the precursor sol with PVA and without PVA was evaporating to obtain the suitable viscosity to spin. The rheology and viscosity were checked by viscometer. At the appropriate viscosity range about 0.2 to 7 Poise, the sol was then spinning into fibers using electrospinning machine. The green fibers were then dried at room temperature then calcined at 1200°C. The fibers produced were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The XRD analysis had shown the α-alumina was formed at 1200 °C and SEM micrograph shows the formation of fibers with PVA addition.
Application of Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering to Predict Microfibril Angle in Acacia mangium Wood
Authors: Tamer Tabet A. , Fauziah Aziz Abdul Haji , Shahidan Radiman
Published: December 2010

Partially crystalline cellulose microfibrils are wound helically around the longitudinal axis of the wood cell. A method is presented for the measurement, using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), of the microfibril angle, (MFA) and the associated standard deviation for the cellulose microfibrils in the S2 layer of the cell walls of Acacia mangium wood. The length and orientation of the microfibrils of the cell walls in the irradiated volume of the thin samples are measured using SAXS and scanning electron microscope, (SEM). The undetermined parameters in the analysis are the MFA, (M) and the standard deviation (σФ) of the intensity distribution arising from the wandering of the fibril orientation about the mean value. Nine separate pairs of values are determined for nine different values of the angle of the incidence of the X-ray beam relative to the normal to the radial direction in the sample. The results show good agreement. The curve distribution of scattered intensity for the real cell wall structure is compared with that calculated with that assembly of rectangular cells with the same ratio of transverse to radial cell wall length. It is demonstrated that for β = 45°, the peaks in the curve intensity distribution for the real and the rectangular cells coincide. If this peak position is Ф45, Then the MFA can be determined from the relation M = tan-1 (tan Ф45 / cos 45°), which is precise for rectangular cells.
Heating Rate Effects on Properties of Powder Metallurgy Fe-Cr-Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Saidatulakmar Shamsuddin , Jamaludin Shamsul Baharin , Hussain Zuhailawati , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study is to determine the optimum heating rate in fabricating Fe-Cr-Al2O3 composites by powder metallurgy methods. The Fe-based composites reinforced with ceramics are widely used due to their high strength, hardness and wear resistance. Among steps in powder metallurgy methods are mixing, compaction and sintering. Sintering is a very important step due to its ability to evolve microstructural features that govern the end properties. Sintering of green compacts made of iron powder mixture must be performed in vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere because water-atomised iron powder particles are oxidized on the surface and in this way some deoxidation reaction can occur during sintering. The heating process up to sintering temperature, plays a major role, the major proportion of densification occurs during the heating process. The composites produced were subjected to the following tests: densification, Vickers micro hardness, microstructure using SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. From this investigation, to achieve higher densification and hardness the optimal heating rate is 10°C/minute. X-Ray Diffraction study showed that the fabrication of the composites does not lead to any compositional changes of the matrix phase and the reinforcing phase.
Image Relief Algorithm and its Application in Security Printing
Authors: Guo Wei , Yang Bin , Qi Wen Fa , Chu Xiao Gang
Published: December 2010

Image relief can enhance three-dimensional display effect of image through some special treatments by changing the colors of edge and specified areas of effective content and object in the two-dimensional image. In this paper, based on the generalization of Coons Patch’ construction, we propose a new algorithm of generating vector image relief, which can reproduce the sculpture-like concave-convex display effect through local deformation of vector curves. Experiments show that the image relief obtained by this method can overcome the defect of fixed angel offset in existing algorithm, so that more flexible local offset transform methods of the vector curves will be available. Further, the image relief with beautiful artistic effect, as a very important shading anti-counterfeit element, is can be widely used in security printing.
Study of Image Frequency Spectrum under the Different Settings of USM Parameters
Authors: Liu San Guo , Jin Yang , Ma Xiu Feng , Zhai Hong Jie , Gao Zhi
Published: December 2010

To study the mechanism and functions of USM (Unsharp Masking) sharpening and to investigate its influence on image frequency component, 12 sine-wave images of different spatial frequencies are generated via a program. Then they are composed into a complete gray level image, which serves as original image for sharpening. The original image is sharpened with different parameters of USM. The original image and the sharpened images are processed using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method with MATLAB software. After that, the corresponding Fourier spectral values of the 12 frequencies are extracted, the corresponding spectral value of original image is subtracted from the value of the sharpened images. The data results are finally analyzed and studied. Through the analysis of the spectrum, it indicates that the USM sharpening effect is stronger, while the USM amount and radius increase. But the effects to the spectral components are not balanced. If the USM radius is smaller but the amount is bigger, the effect to the medium and high frequency is stronger. The larger the amount of the USM sharpening and the USM radius are, the stronger the emphasis on the low and medium frequency components grows. The middle and higher frequency components are reduced, if the amount and the radius are all smaller.
Determination of the Best Image Parameters in CTP Output Device
Authors: Chen Wei , Li You Ming
Published: December 2010

The exposure quality was influenced by focal length, zoom, irradiating power and cylinder speed of laser head in computer-to-plate (CTP) process. This paper determined the most optimal parameters which used screen thermal sensitive device PT-R4100 by changing the focal length, zoom, irradiating power and cylinder speed of laser head. Adjusted the setting parameters in order to divide the CTP plate into 13 test strips and each strip was divided into 13 small test pieces. This method could determine the most clear image teat strip by observing and measuring color and density of the test strips or test pieces, and then calculated the most optimal parameters. The results showed that this method could determine the parameters quickly and accurately. The most optimal parameters of focal length, zoom, irradiating power and cylinder speed in CTP process were 1500 puls, 6700 puls, 90%, 600r/min respectively。
Study on Color Change of Printing Products with Film Covering
Authors: Luo Jian , Chen You E , Xu Jing Lin
Published: December 2010

Through comparing the curves of spectrum reflection and the color coordinates between coated color chips and uncoated color chip, this article establishes the relation model of color change of printing products with Bi-axially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP) film coating. This relation model can forecast and control the color change of coated color chips, and therefore ensure the printing color to meet the requirements of expectation. The experiments show this relation model can accurately forecast the color change of coated color chips and can fill the technological gap in the color control of coated color chips, and is of great significance in practical production.
Research on Inspection System Formation of Cells in Gravure Cylinder Base on Machine Vision
Authors: He Zi Fen , Zhan Zhao Lin , Zhang Yin Hui
Published: December 2010

This paper presents a machine vision inspection system to detect deformation of cells in the process of gravure manufacturing, which can provide real-time reporting and detail testing process analysis and find problems and make adjustments to track the production process, more conducive to scientific production management. The formation of cells of gravure machine vision inspection system is able to change analog signal into digital signal of gravure image. We have applied the MATLAB image processing software to read the experiment images and histogram equalization. The edge of cells is extracted by using of Sobel operator and Canny operator. We use different thresholds and experimental sigma values that compare to experimental results. It is found that extraction using the Canny operator is better than Sobel operator. Canny edge extraction operator is best when the value of sigma is 16. According to the image used in this research to determine the standard cells carving the value of gaps d0 equals 125, the value of dark tone s0 equals 394, so its standard value of gaps and dark tone are d0 ± 10 and s0 ± 10. The value of gravure outlets gaps and dark tone are measured, while d and s is in the scope of standard range, which the output 1 of the cells determined to pass and the output 0 deemed to fail. We propose two solutions of cells deformation gravure machine vision inspection system. Through analysis and comparison of performance and economic of the lighting and image sensor, the final implementation of the program is identified.
Research on a Method for Evaluating the Line Sharpness in Digital Printings
Authors: Jiang Gui Ping , Xu Yan Fang , Guo Ge , Liu Li Li
Published: December 2010

A method for evaluating the line sharpness in digital printings is established. First of all, a test diagram, with some lines spaced with the same distance as the lines width, orienting in horizontal and vertical direction, was designed. A digital printer was used to output the test diagram on eighteen kinds of paper commonly used in market. From the eight attributes of line quality in ISO/IEC 13660 standard, three attributes, that are contrast, edge raggedness and line width, which were extracted our to be the main index describing the line sharpness. Furthermore, connecting them with the subjective evaluation, an evaluation model for predicting the perceived line sharpness were established, and the model show that the perceived line sharpness was highly correlated with these three attributes, among which quantified contrast exhibits the highest correlation with subjective, while raggedness and width exhibits a similar and weaker correlation. The perceived line sharpness was able to be predicted through a linear model.
Influences of Screen Ruling on Printing Quality in CTP Workflow
Authors: Jiang Wen Yan , Li Xiao Dong
Published: December 2010

The influences of screen ruling on printing quality in lithographic printing process based on CTP workflow were investigated by experimental method. Firstly, the test form was output with the screen rulings of 175lpi and 220lpi respectively; then the imaging results of the plates and the prints were compared, and the causes of the differences were analyzed and discussed; at last, corresponding measurements for tone reproduction and process optimization were put forward. Results showed that there were both advantages and disadvantages to increase screen rulings, and the combination of CTP process and finer-than-normal screen rulings would effectively improve the printing quality.
Research on Printing Color Stability Control Method
Authors: Li Zhi Jie , Pang Ye Chi , Chu Ting Liang
Published: December 2010

This paper proposes an ceaseless compensation method for dot gain based on output characters in printing process, solving the problem of color variation in press controlling, and on the other hand, avoiding wastes made by plate-making and press equipment correction. This control method has a positive function for the working efficiency and technology improvement.
Research on the Vibration Cutting and the Simulation
Authors: Ma Li’e , Hou Yu Peng , Chen Yun Chun , Wu Ji Mei
Published: December 2010

The vibration cutting is better than the ordinary cutting because the slight division effect, which is created in the vibratory cutting process, reduces the cutting resistance. Kinematic analyzing of the vibration cutting process, dynamic model of the vibration cutting mechanism and simulation analysis are developed. A contrastive analysis on the movement relationship between the cutting tool and the paper stack is given during the ordinary and vibration cutting process respectively. The relative position of the cutting tool and paper stack at different cutting velocity is analyzed and the best cutting speed is given. The conclusions are as follows. The precondition of realizing the vibration cutting effect is that the cutting speed is smaller than the maximum vibration velocity of cutting knife. The vibration force is obtained and enhancing vibration force can reduce the cutting resistance.
Performance Research and Structure Optimize on Printing Cylinder Based on Finite Element Contact Analysis
Authors: Liu Lin Lin , Feng Zai Rong , Wang Chang Xing
Published: December 2010

This paper concerns printing cylinders of offset press. In addition to research mechanism of the printing pressure, the paper employs finite element analysis and distance-anti-calculating to simulate the status of contacted contacting-cylinders. Deflection curves in axial and circumferential and the 3D model on deflection of cylinder are get. The result shows that in printing course, under the influence of gravity and printing pressure, the flexural deformation of cylinder is caused in the axial direction. besides, while printing pressure is applied to circumferential different position of printing cylinder, because of complex sectional construction，circumferential deformation is also inconsistent, so printing pressure is distributed asymmetrically that printing pressure is not only no-uniform in axial, but also wave-like periods in circumferential. The paper optimizes cylinder structure and proposes a new cylinder with pterygoid stiffeners of heterogeneous distribution. Simulation results show that the circumferential flexural curve of the optimized cylinder is obviously smooth than the original one, and the flexural distortion of the circumferential location point corresponding decreases, which indicates the anti-bending stiffness of optimized cylinder is enhanced as well as the flexural deformation is reduced, and the value of the different circumferential position’s printing pressure tends to be uniform. The maldistribution of the circumferential position’s printing pressure is improved effectively, which contributed to the improvement of printing quality.
Use of SMA Surface Sizing Agent to Improve the Quality of Inkjet Printing
Authors: Chen Yun Zhi , Zhu Ting , Sun Shu
Published: December 2010

Compared with conventional surface sizing agents, polymers surface size agents are good film and printing quality. In this work, different types of SMA (Styrene Maleic Anhydride) from the United States Hercules and Sartomer companies were investigated. Firstly, each of SMA sizing agents was studied respectively for choosing the optimized SMA depending on the improvement of physical and ink-jet printing properties, and then the effects of different formulation surface size agents containing the optimum SMA and cationic starch on paper and ink-jet printing properties were also studied in order to analyzing the synergism effects of the two surface size agents. The results show that S520 was better than several other SMA surface sizing agents in the improvement of physical properties and ink-jet printing performance of paper. S520 could produce good film property which could reduce the paper permeability, improve smoothness have less loss whiteness and opacity. It could also enhance the color density, expand the scope of the dark tone and improve dots clarity degree of printed paper.
Synthesize and Application of Mg-Al Hydrotalcite in Flame Retardant Paper Preparation
Authors: Wang Song Lin , Song Xiao Ming
Published: December 2010

The feasibility and technological conditions of the preparation of flame retardant paper based on fiber using co-precipitation synthesis of Mg-Al hydrotalcites as filler in papers were investigated. The crystallizations, granularities of Mg-Al hydrotalcites and characters of flame retardant papers were investigated through transmission election microscope and X-ray diffraction technique etc. The results indicated that Mg-Al hydrotalcites were layered hexagonal nanoparticles, with perfectly crystallized structure and striking performance in furnish retention improvement. The flame retardant papers based on fiber using Mg-Al hydrotalcites as fillers have excellent inflaming retarding performance. The oxygen index of the flame retardant paper produced is above 25 % at the dosage of 15 wt%.
Influence of Surface Geometry of Paper on Colour Rendering of Impression
Authors: Varepo L.G. , Golunov A.V.
Published: December 2010

Quality standards of polygraphic production are raising at the market. Hereupon a role of the surface of paper quality becomes more important and its ability of image reproduction. Particularly color reproduction quality is highly required. Samples of paper with different surface texture and structure were taken to investigation. Techniques of an estimation of properties of a surface of materials are presented. By results of work it is possible to track character of dependence between indicators of quality of a surface and a material color rendition. In this work presents investigation of microgeometry of paper and influence of this factor on color coverage area of printing system.
Study on the Prediction Model of Paper Printability
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Mei Yun , Yang Jun Ping
Published: December 2010

Paper printability is an essential property affecting printing technology and quality. In this research, a predictive model for paper comprehensive printability is presented based on a simple analytic expression. Five properties of two-sided offset paper are tested with smoothness(k1), whiteness(k2), glossiness(k3), ink absorption(k4) and surface strength(k5). Weights for the properties are calculated by principal components regression (PCR) with software SPSS. Then the expression M(k1 , k2 , k3 , k4 , k5) between paper properties and printability synthetic value is obtained. In the same way, weights for the printing quality performances including density(l1), hue error(l2), gray scale(l3) and saturation(l4) are calculated by PCR and the expression N(l1 , l2 , l3 , l4) between printing quality performances and synthetic value is got. Then the fitted curve Y(x) (x is paper printability synthetic value; Y is printing quality synthetic value) is derived and x is replaced by expression M(k1 , k2 , k3 , k4 , k5). As a result the predictive model for two-sided offset paper comprehensive printability can be developed by the paper properties tested. It is shown that the predictive model can provide a practical and quantitative method for evaluating the comprehensive printability of two-sided offset paper fast and can meet the industry analysis requirements with good precision.
Influence of Tack Reducer and Varnish on the Rheological Behavior of Offset Inks
Authors: Wang Na , Wei Xian Fu , Jia Xiao Xue , Ning Ping Xiu , Gu Ling Ya
Published: December 2010

The rheology behavior of the offset ink has strong contact with its printability. Tack reducer and varnish are often used to adjust the tack volume and viscosity of the ink. In order to study the influence of the variation of both tack volume and viscosity of the ink on the rheology behavior, tack reducer and varnish are used to adjust the tack volume and viscosity of the ink, the influence of the volume on the tack volume and viscosity are obtained and also the influence degree on rheology behavior by variation of the tack volume and viscosity. The results indicate that: the tack volume of ink decreases with the increasing of the tack reducer and the viscosity is the same; the viscosity decreases with the increasing of the varnish and the tack volume is also descended. Both the tack reducer and the varnish can change the tack volume and the viscosity, but the degree is different. The volume of the tack reducer and the varnish also has certain influence on the thixotropic and the dynamic viscoelastic of the ink.
Synthesis and Application of Europium-Doped Complexes in Fluorescence Falsification-Resistant Ink
Authors: Meng Jie , Sun Cheng , Wang Jian Qing , Sun Wen Shun , Hao Xiao Xiu , Mu Xin Ni
Published: December 2010

Fluorescence falsification-resistant ink is one of the most widely used ink in packaging and printing industry. In this paper, europium complexes were synthesized by doping no-fluorescence inert ions Gd3+. IR spectra indicated that these complexes have similar structures, have bonded with the legends. The fluorescence properties indicated that the doping ions Gd3+ can enhance the fluorescence intensities, the best mole ratio of Gd3+ to Eu3+ is 1:9；At last, fluorescence falsification-resistant ink was prepared, the fluorescence ink showed the characteristic emission of Eu3+ , showed invisible in visible light and showed red fluorescence under ultraviolet light.
Preparation and Properties Research of Modified Nano-ZnO/HDPE Composite Films
Authors: Li Ya Na , Cha Kyong Ho , He Qing Hui
Published: December 2010

Nanocomposite films of ZnO/HDPE were prepared via melt blending and hot compression molding process. The morphology, DSC, mechanical and barrier properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that a better dispersion of modified nanoparticles at content of 0.5wt% in HDPE matrix occurred and the improvement of the HDPE films in tensile strength and tear strength was achieved by incorporating modified-ZnO nanoparticles up to 0.5wt% in contrast with the original nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films. It was also found that the addition of modified nano-ZnO to neat HDPE caused to increase crystallinity and enhance the barrier property of nano-ZnO/HDPE composite films against water vapor and oxygen.
Development and Application of Intelligent Release Fresh-Keeping Composite Packaging Films
Authors: Xu Wen Cai , Li Dong Li , Fu Ya Bo , Wei Hua
Published: December 2010

A kind of intelligent release fresh-keeping composite packaging films with its preparation methods and experimental results were introduced. This novel fresh-keeping film has three structural layers: the inner layer to control the release which are formed by a certain proportion of EVA/LDPE blended resins; the interlayer to generate SO2 fresh keeping agent which are composed of blended polyurethane binder, sodium metabisulfite and calcium sulfite served as adhesive layer; the outer designed as barrier layer to avoid SO2 diffusion to outside. The film properties varied with different inner layer components were characterized including film polarity, water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate tests. The film crystallinity and grain size of the inner layer with different LDPE/EVA blend proportions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Also, the effects of different inner layer components on the relations of SO2 concentration and release cycles were investigated. The experimental results showed that the film could not only control the SO2 release amount with the need of various fruits so as to inhibit the growth of mould on fruits, but also restrain fruit respiration, reduce water loss and nutrients consumption, and thus extend the fruit storage period effectively.
Research in Compositions and Coloration Performance of Polyurethane Ink Absorption Coating
Authors: Hu Xu Wei , Li Lu Hai , Zhao Sheng Min , Du Peng , Zhao Wen , Leng Xian , Zhang Zhan Kun
Published: December 2010

Water-based polyurethane forms continuous and dense film after fully drying. Ink is lowly absorbed by PU film, affecting drying rate and color reproduction. In order to improve the absorption of ink on PU film, PU/nano alumina compound was prepared by adding nano alumina in PU and stirring at high speed. PU ink absorption coating was got by being coated on the substrate. The influences of different content of nano alumina to transmittance of coating and solid density of color blocks were researched. The influences of soft and hard segment of PU to image resolution and water resistance were also researched. It can be seen that transmittance reduces when content of nano alumina increases. Droplets spread less when using PU of hard segment and image resolution and solid density are also higher. At the same time, water resistance of solid blocks is much better when printed on PU of hard segment.
Phase Transformation Conditions on the Structures and Properties of Cellulose Packaging Films in LiCl/DMAc
Authors: Gao Shan Shan , Wang Jian Qing , Jin Zheng Wei
Published: December 2010

The cellulose packaging film was prepared by natural broad-leaved pulp and LiCl/DMAc through adjusting coagulation bath conditions. In this study, the effects of its concentration and temperature on the physical structures, permeability for oxygen and water vapor of the films were measured. Based on the SEM observation, the cross section becomes dense when the concentration of LiCl/DMAc in the coagulation is bellow 15% and temperature is 20 °C, however, the opposite tendency with increasing of the LiCl/DMAc and temperature in the coagulation. The mathematical model about the coagulation bath concentration and temperature with oxygen permeation flux (OPF) and water vapor permeability (WVP) coefficient of cellulose films was also set up.
Modeling for Dynamic Properties of Honeycomb Paperboard by the Restoring Force-State Mapping Method
Authors: Zhu Da Peng , Zhou Shi Sheng , Zhang Zhi Kun
Published: December 2010

The realization of the potential of honeycomb paperboard as an important cushion material in packaging has inspired a close scrutiny of its properties. In present work, the force-state mapping technique is successfully applied to the honeycomb paperboard dynamical properties modeling problem. A experiment system is set up to learn the dynamic properties of the honeycomb paperboard. According to the experiment data and the force-state mapping method, the model governing the dynamics of honeycomb paperboard-mass system is established. This model can be used to predict the vibration transmissibility of the system. The comparison of the measured and predicted vibration transmissibility indicates this model can predict the resonance frequency well, the measured resonance altitude is about 20% greater than the predicted altitude, the possible sources of this error is discussed.
Analyzing Color Light Additive Process Using Complex Frequency Spectrum
Authors: Pang Duo Yi , Pang Ye Chi , Li Zhi Jie , Chu Ting Liang
Published: December 2010

This paper aims at using complex frequency spectrum (CFS) algorithm to simulate human vision system. Considering that, any frequency monochrome light’s quantity of motion maps into corresponding CFS phase position, and turns it into monochromatic phasor. According to the nature entropy principle of balance, the so-called white balance means that all phasor signals will spontaneous conformity with balance. Therefore, general light with color consists of white light (color has been balanced) and color phasor (color has not been balanced). In order to forecast phasor addition result, we will give two evaluation methods synthesis efficiency and balance efficiency, using data of RGB matching spectral colors experiment W.D.Wright made in the 1920s, mapping the RGB values on complex frequency spectrum chromatic diagram, and calculating with vector sum method and the gained result has good pertinence with W.D.Wright. Furthermore, the applying balance efficiency also explains the reason of negative matching in the abstract.
The Research on Effect of Ambient Light on the Impact of the Soft Proofing
Authors: Meng Lin Lin , Zhang Jing Lian , Liu Hao Xue
Published: December 2010

Soft proofing technology is the development of new technologies in recent years, application is becoming more widely. As the use of display image simulating hard copy image, display settings, ambient light conditions and the observe conditions will affect the impact of soft proofing. 68 pairs of test images own the average value of different color originated from four typical images by transfer functions. In the image manipulation progress, each original image was altered in two aspects: lightness, chroma respectively .Using EIZO CG19 display to show in different ambient light conditions. A visual evaluation experiment was carried out aiming at test images by a psychophysical experiment, testing and analyzing color difference resolution influence of display image under different ambient light conditions, optimal lighting conditions and ranges of the soft proofing viewing environment was determined.
Discussion on Colorimetric Computation Method of LCD Display
Authors: Xu Jing Ya , Liu Hao Xue , Huang Min
Published: December 2010

The display colorimetric accuracy is a key factor to ensure printing quality. The main mission for display’s color management is to compute its display color to get accurate colorimetric characterization, namely to ascertain the converting relationship between the RGB color data and their corresponding CIE X Y Z values. The related color values of EIZO, Mac and common PC displays were measured in the experiment, fitted the parameter, and computed the displayed color with gain-offset-gamma(GOG)model.Two-Primary Crosstalk (TPC) model, Piecewise Partition (PP)model. The three models were analyzed and compared with the measurement values. The model performance was assessed using 729 color samples uniformly distributed on the RGB display gamut. Compare the measured values and computed values and then find the more precise way to determine the display’s colorimetric characterization.
The Performance of Computerized Spectrum Color Matching Based on Kubelka-Munk Theory and its Color Rendering on Offset Ink Sets
Authors: Wei Yuh Chang , Chou Wen Min , Chen Chih Lang
Published: December 2010

The purpose of the study intended to examine the performance of color rendering based on a computerized spectrum color matching (CSCM) method derived from the Kubelka-Munk theory. In the study, we prepared 2 offset ink sets to produce 30 standard color samples sets. The target color samples were measured by spectrophotometer to compare with the predicted values calculated by the CSCM model. The results showed that average measured color difference (∆E) via CIE L*a*b* and CIE DE2000 formulas between samples and CSCM predicted values averaged 5.89, 3.72 (∆Es), 6.94, 4.22(∆Epv), respectively. The measurements were fallen out the acceptable range of the tolerance of the industrial printing standards. The verification of CFI (Curve Fit Index) test came out with the same conclusion. As a result, we found that the computerized color matching formula derived from Kubelka-Munk theory still required further fine-tuning and more in-depth analysis. In addition, the reflectance database of the ink sets was another important factor affecting the performance of computer color matching model for precise colors prediction.
Optical, Electrical and Photo-Electrical Characteristics of Bio-Polymeric Complex of Natural Chromatophore & Development of Non-Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Pradhan S.S. , Sarkar A.
Published: December 2010

Gum Arabica, an Electro-Active Bio-Polymer (EABP) is employed to develop photosensitive bio-complexes with chromophore matter collected from natural flowers and chlorophyll from plant leaves. The photosensitivity and enhancement of electro-activity of the developed complex and nano-cluster doped specimens of the same are examined experimentally. The electrical, optical, and photoelectrical characteristics are also investigated experimentally. It has been observed that the electrical property is mostly mixed conducting and can be tailored. The photo electrical behaviour is found to be fascinating. The developed complex is capable of absorbing light by losing or gaining electrons. The application potential of the developed complex toward light harvesting processes is exploited to develop a non-silicon based solar cell. The electrical characteristics of the developed solar cells are studied. The results obtained are good when compared to those of existing solar cells.
Engineering of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Using Myoblast-Seeded Bovine Pericardium for Reconstruction of Abdominal Wall Defect in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Ayele T. , Zuki A.B.Z. , Noordin M.M. , Noorjahan B.M.A.
Published: December 2010

A novel tissue engineered construct was used to engineer skeletal muscle tissue for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects, which is a common challenge to surgeons, due to insufficient autogenous tissue. Myoblasts were isolated from soleus muscle fibers, seeded onto the scaffold and cultivated in vitro for 5 days. Full-thickness abdominal wall defects (3 x 4 cm) were created in 18 male New Zealand white rabbits and randomly divided into two equal groups (n=9 each). The defects of the first group were repaired with myoblast seeded bovine pericardium (treatment group) whereas the second group involved non-seeded bovine pericardium (control group). Three animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 30 days post-implantation from each group and the explanted specimens were subjected to macroscopic, light, fluorescence and electron microscopic analysis. In each case, the tissue engineered construct was thicker from deposition of newly formed collagen with neo-vascularisation, than the control group. Most importantly, multinucleated myotubes and myofibers were only detected in the treatment group. Therefore, this study demonstrates that myoblast-seeded bovine pericardium construct can provide a structural replacement for severe and large abdominal wall defects with profound regeneration of skeletal muscle tissues.
Structural Analysis of Au/Ti/Al/SiC Contacts in Dependence on the Initial Composition and Annealing
Authors: Kolaklieva Lilyana , Kakanakov Roumen , Marinova Maya , Polychroniadis Efstathios K.
Published: December 2010

The dependence of the structure and composition of nanolayered Au/Ti/Al ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC on the initial Ti:Al ratio has been investigated. Two contact compositions, Au/Ti(70%)/Al(30%) and Au/Ti(30%)/Al(70%), have been studied regarding the electrical properties, structure, composition and annealing temperature in the interval 850 – 1000o C. The correlation between the electrical behaviour and structure of the annealed contacts is discussed. Very low resistivity of 1.42x10-5 .cm2 after annealing at 900o C has been obtained for the contact having an initial composition Ti:Al (30:70), while the lowest resistivity of 1.21x10-5 .cm2 has been measured for the contact with a composition Ti:Al (70:30) after annealing at 1000o C. Strong dependence of the contact structure on the Ti:Al ratio and annealing temperature, respectively, has been found out. A presence of two phases, Au2Ti and Al3Ti, in all contacts has been determined after annealing, despite the temperature value and Ti:Al ratio. The TEM analysis reveals that titanium and aluminum silicides and carbides are formed after annealing as the Ti:Al ratio affects the kind of silicides and carbides created. It is obtained that the initial composition of the deposited metal layers influences only the phase composition of the annealed contact but not the grain sizes of the dominant phases formed. The origin of the ohmic properties improvement is explained by the formation of Ti3SiC2 compound and/or enhanced carrier transport by the presence of metal spikes into SiC depending on the initial contact composition and as consequence the optimal annealing temperature.
On the Nanostructure of SiC
Authors: Marinova Maya , Polychroniadis Efstathios K.
Published: December 2010

The present work deals with the structural properties of silicon carbide in nanoscale dimensions. The examined crystals were 6H-SiC grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy. The study was concentrated on the stacking faults and any other differences from the “correct” stacking order of the Si-C bilayers for this polytype. Three main types of stacking faults were observed: (i) Cubic lamellae with thickness of four and two Si-C bilayers, always occurring in reverse stacking with respect to each other and separated by at least one unit cell of 6H-SiC; (ii) “twinned” 6H-SiC lamellae separated by a two-bilayer thick cubic inclusion. As a result the sequence in the “twinned” 6H-SiC changes from (3+3-) to (3-3+). (iii) Lamellae showing fringes, the interrelated distance of which suggests inclusion with sequence (22). Further, a high variety of sequences was found, leading to the appearance of rare long period polytypes or individual lamellae having their “own” stacking inside the 6H-SiC matrix. These nanostructured faults which deteriorate the quality of the grown material indicate also their “sensitivity” to any small or even infinitesimal change of the growth conditions, due to the very small energy among them.
A Variational Technique for Element Free Analysis of Static and Dynamic Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Wen P.H. , Aliabadi M.H.
Published: December 2010

. In this paper a variational technique is developed to calculate stress intensity factors with high accuracy using the element free Glerkin method. The stiffness and mass matrices are evaluated by regular domain integrals and the shape functions to determine displacements in the domain are calculated with radial basis function interpolation. Stress intensity factors were obtained by a boundary integral with a variation of crack length along the crack front. Based on a static reference solution, the transformed stress intensity factors in the Laplace space are obtained and Durbin inversion method is utilised in order to determine the physical values in time domain. The applications of proposed technique to two and three dimensional fracture mechanics are presented. Comparisons are made with benchmark solutions and indirect boundary element method.