bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The safety of transesophageal echocardiography to guide transcatheter tricuspid valve edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Cammalleri Valeria , De Luca Valeria Maria , Antonelli Giorgio , Piscione Maria Grazia , Gaudio Dario , Carpenito Myriam , Mega Simona , di Pumpo Anna Laura , Carassiti Massimiliano , Grigioni Francesco , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: June 2024

Background

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is primarily used to guide transcatheter structural heart interventions, such as tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER). Although TEE has a good safety profile, it is still an invasive imaging technique that may be associated with complications, especially when performed during long transcatheter procedures or on frail patients. The aim of this study was to assess TEE‐related complications during tricuspid TEER.

Methods

This is a prospective study enrolling 53 patients who underwent tricuspid TEER for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). TEE‐related complications were assessed clinically and divided into major (life‐threatening, major bleeding requiring transfusions or surgery, organ perforation, and persistent dysphagia) and minor (perioral hypesthesia, < 24 h dysphagia/odynophagia, minor intraoral bleeding and hematemesis not requiring transfusion)

Results

The median age of the patient population was 79 years; 43.4% had severe, 39.6% massive, and 17.6% torrential TR. 62.3% of patients suffered from upper gastrointestinal disorders. Acute procedural success (APS) was achieved in 88.7% in a median device time of 36 min. A negative association was shown between APS and lead‐induced etiology (r = ‐.284, p = .040), baseline TR grade (r = ‐.410, p = .002), suboptimal TEE view (r = ‐.349, p = .012), device time (r = ‐.234, p = .043), and leaflet detachment (r = ‐.496, p < .0001). We did not observe any clinical manifest major or minor TEE‐related complications during the hospitalization.

Conclusions

Our study reinforces the good safety profile and efficacy of TEE guidance during tricuspid TEER. Adequate preoperative management and intraprocedural precautions are mandatory in order to avoid serious complications. Furthermore, suboptimal intraprocedural TEE views are associated with lower TR reduction rates.

Highlights

Transesophageal echocardiography is a crucial and safe technique for guiding transcatheter structural heart interventions.

A mix of mid/deep esophageal and trans gastric views, as well as real‐time 3D imaging is generally used to guide the procedure.

Adequate preoperative management and intraprocedural precautions are mandatory in order to avoid serious problems.

A shorter device time is associated with more rarely probe‐related complications.

Suboptimal intraprocedural TEE views are associated with lower TR reduction rates.
Combined application of artificial bone powders and concentrated growth factor membranes on the autotransplantation of mature third molars: A 5‐year retrospective case series
Authors: Ainiwaer Ailimaierdan , Tuerdi Maimaitituxun , Zuolipahaer Zulikamaier , Wang Ling
Published: June 2024

Aim

This study aimed to observe the efficacy and outcomes of the combined application of artificial bone powder and concentrated growth factor (CGF) membranes for tooth transplantation in cases with wide recipient sockets and small donor teeth.

Material and Methods

A total of 36 teeth from 36 patients with wide recipient sockets and small donor teeth were enrolled. Autogenous tooth transplantation was performed using bone powders and CGF membranes. After transplantation, the visual analog scale (VAS) score, Landry Wound Healing Index, probing depth (PD), mobility, and gray value of the alveolar bone around the transplanted teeth were measured, and a patient satisfaction questionnaire was administered. All patients underwent clinical and radiographic examinations during follow‐up.

Results

The VAS score of 16 (44.4%) cases after 1 week was 0, and 26 (72.2%) patients showed excellent gingival healing after 2–4 weeks. The PD of a few cases was deeper than 3 mm during the first month; however, returned to normal after 3 months. Although the majority of the transplanted teeth possessed mobility greater than grade I during the first month, the mobility gradually improved within 3 months. The gray value of the alveolar bone around the transplanted teeth, 1 year postoperatively showed no difference with pre‐operation (p > .05). During the mean follow‐up period of 42.7 months (range 20–72 months), 33 of the 36 transplanted teeth remained in situ without clinical or radiographic complications, with an overall success rate of 91.7%.

Conclusions

Although the PD and mobility of the transplanted teeth were not ideal during the early stages of healing, most of the transplanted teeth had good clinical outcomes. In cases with large recipient sites accompanied by small donor teeth, autotransplantation of teeth using artificial bone powder combined with CGF membranes is a viable option and can lead to optimistic results with favorable success rates.
Effects of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole on the development, fecundity, and predatory capacity of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis
Authors: Hu Kui , Cheng Shichang , Chen Ke , Qiu Lin , Liu Fang
Published: June 2024

The predatory bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important biological control agent for planthoppers, such as Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and leafhoppers in rice fields (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae). In this study, the sublethal effects of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole, two fungicides extensively used in rice production, on this predatory bug were investigated. The results indicated that exposure to the two fungicides at the third instar had no influence on developmental duration, but difenoconazole resulted in a 25.2% decrease in the lifespan of adult males. When exposed as newly emerged adults, azoxystrobin caused a 33.5% decrease in female longevity. The pre‐oviposition period of azoxystrobin‐treated females mating with azoxystrobin‐treated males was shortened by 44.9%, compared with the control, whereas the pre‐oviposition period of difenoconazole‐treated females mating with control males was lengthened by 32.2% compared with the control group. However, the two fungicides had no effect on fecundity and egg hatchability. Furthermore, the two fungicides did not impact the average consumption of C. lividipennis of N. lugens individuals. They did stimulate the response of C. lividipennis males to rice plants infested by N. lugens in a two‐choice H‐shaped olfactometer test. Also, the predatory capacity of C. lividipennis males was increased after exposure to difenoconazole, whereas the predatory capacity of females was decreased after exposure to the two fungicides. Overall, our results indicated that azoxystrobin and difenoconazole pose no notable risk to C. lividipennis. These findings establish a foundation for the rational and coordinated utilization of fungicides and biological control agents in rice ecosystems.
The expression of Galectin‐9 correlates with mTOR and AMPK in murine colony‐forming erythroid progenitors
Authors: Tsukamoto Tetsuo
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) is an immune checkpoint ligand for T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3. Although the roles of Gal‐9 in regulating immune responses have been well investigated, their biological roles have yet to be fully documented. This study aimed to analyse the expression of Gal‐9 bone marrow (BM) cells in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Furthermore, the co‐expression of Gal‐9 with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was investigated.

Methods

The BM cells in adult C57BL/6J (B6) mice were collected and analysed in vitro.

Results

In a flow cytometric analysis of BM cells, Gal‐9 was highly expressed in c‐KithiSca‐1−CD34−CD71+ erythroid progenitors (EPs), whereas it was downregulated in more differentiated c‐KitloCD71+TER119+ cells. Subsequently, a negative selection of CD3−B220−Sca‐1−CD34−CD41−CD16/32− EPs was performed. This resulted in substantial enrichment of KithiCD71+Gal‐9+ cells and erythroid colony‐forming units (CFU‐Es), suggesting that the colony‐forming subset of EPs are included in the KithiCD71+Gal‐9+ population. Furthermore, we found that EPs had lower mTOR and AMPK expression levels in Gal‐9 knockout B6 mice than in wild‐type B6 mice.

Conclusions

These results may stimulate further investigation of the role of Gal‐9 in haematopoiesis.
Frequency‐dependent tolerance to aircraft disturbance drastically alters predicted impact on shorebirds
Authors: van der Kolk Henk‐Jan , Smit Cor J. , Allen Andrew M. , Ens Bruno J. , van de Pol Martijn
Published: June 2024

Anthropogenic disturbance of wildlife is increasing globally. Generalizing impacts of disturbance to novel situations is challenging, as the tolerance of animals to human activities varies with disturbance frequency (e.g. due to habituation). Few studies have quantified frequency‐dependent tolerance, let alone determined how it affects predictions of disturbance impacts when these are extrapolated over large areas. In a comparative study across a gradient of air traffic intensities, we show that birds nearly always fled (80%) if aircraft were rare, while birds rarely responded (7%) if traffic was frequent. When extrapolating site‐specific responses to an entire region, accounting for frequency‐dependent tolerance dramatically alters the predicted costs of disturbance: the disturbance map homogenizes with fewer hotspots. Quantifying frequency‐dependent tolerance has proven challenging, but we propose that (i) ignoring it causes extrapolations of disturbance impacts from single sites to be unreliable, and (ii) it can reconcile published idiosyncratic species‐ or source‐specific disturbance responses.
Association of APOE genotype and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau biomarkers with cognitive and motor phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Maranzano Alessio , Verde Federico , Dubini Antonella , Torre Silvia , Colombo Eleonora , Doretti Alberto , Gentile Francesco , Manini Arianna , Milone Ilaria , Brusati Alberto , Peverelli Silvia , Santangelo Serena , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Torresani Erminio , Gentilini Davide , Messina Stefano , Morelli Claudia , Poletti Barbara , Agosta Federica , Ratti Antonia , Filippi Massimo , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola
Published: June 2024

Objective

Little is known about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)‐nonspecific cognitive deficits – most notably memory disturbance – and their biological underpinnings. We investigated the associations of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk factor APOE and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ and tau proteins with cognitive and motor phenotype in ALS.

Methods

APOE haplotype was determined in 281 ALS patients; for 105 of these, CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, total tau (T‐tau), and phosphorylated tau (P‐tau181) were quantified by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) was employed to evaluate the neuropsychological phenotype.

Results

APOE‐E4 allele was associated with worse ECAS memory score (median, 14.0 in carriers vs. 16.0 in non‐carriers) and lower CSF Aβ42 (−0.8 vs. 0.1, log‐transformed values) and Aβ42/40 ratio (−0.1 vs. 0.3). Some 37.1% of ALS patients showed low Aβ42 levels, possibly reflecting cerebral Aβ deposition. While lower Aβ42/40 correlated with lower memory score (β = 0.20), Aβ42 positively correlated with both ALS‐specific (β = 0.24) and ALS‐nonspecific (β = 0.24) scores. Although Aβ42/40 negatively correlated with T‐tau (β = −0.29) and P‐tau181 (β = −0.33), we found an unexpected positive association of Aβ42 and Aβ40 with both tau proteins. Regarding motor phenotype, lower levels of Aβ species were associated with lower motor neuron (LMN) signs (Aβ40: β = 0.34; Aβ42: β = 0.22).

Conclusions

APOE haplotype and CSF Aβ biomarkers are associated with cognitive deficits in ALS and particularly with memory impairment. This might partly reflect AD‐like pathophysiological processes, but additional ALS‐specific mechanisms could be involved.
Multi‐model deep learning system for screening human monkeypox using skin images
Authors: Gupta Kapil , Bajaj Varun , Jain Deepak Kumar , Hussain Amir
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Human monkeypox (MPX) is a viral infection that transmits between individuals via direct contact with animals, bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects like bedding. Traditional manual screening for the MPX infection is a time‐consuming process prone to human error. Therefore, a computer‐aided MPX screening approach utilizing skin lesion images to enhance clinical performance and alleviate the workload of healthcare providers is needed. The primary objective of this work is to devise an expert system that accurately classifies MPX images for the automatic detection of MPX subjects.

Methods

This work presents a multi‐modal deep learning system through the fusion of convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning algorithms, which effectively and autonomously detect MPX‐infected subjects using skin lesion images. The proposed framework, termed MPXCN‐Net is developed by fusing deep features of three pre‐trained CNNs: MobileNetV2, DarkNet19, and ResNet18. Three classifiers—K‐nearest neighbour, support vector machine (SVM), and ensemble classifier—with various kernel functions, are used to identify infected patients. To validate the efficacy of our proposed system, we employ a publicly accessible MPX skin lesion dataset.

Results

By amalgamating features extracted from all three CNNs and utilizing the medium Gaussian kernel of the SVM classifier, our proposed system achieves an outstanding average classification accuracy of 90.4%.

Conclusions

Developed MPXCN‐Net is suitable for testing with a large diversified dataset before being used in clinical settings.
Privileged proteins with a second residence: dual targeting and conditional re‐routing of mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Pines Ophry , Horwitz Margalit , Herrmann Johannes M.
Published: June 2024

Almost all mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins. Signals in the amino acid sequence of these precursors ensure their targeting and translocation into mitochondria. However, in many cases, only a certain fraction of a specific protein is transported into mitochondria, while the rest either remains in the cytosol or undergoes reverse translocation to the cytosol, and can populate other cellular compartments. This phenomenon is called dual localization which can be instigated by different mechanisms. These include alternative start or stop codons, differential transcripts, and ambiguous or competing targeting sequences. In many cases, dual localization might serve as an economic strategy to reduce the number of required genes; for example, when the same groups of enzymes are required both in mitochondria and chloroplasts or both in mitochondria and the nucleus/cytoplasm. Such cases frequently employ ambiguous targeting sequences to distribute proteins between both organelles. However, alternative localizations can also be used for signaling, for example when non‐imported precursors serve as mitophagy signals or when they represent transcription factors in the nucleus to induce the mitochondrial unfolded stress response. This review provides an overview regarding the mechanisms and the physiological consequences of dual targeting.
Among‐river pattern in relative abundance of two salmonid fishes reflects temperature‐dependent competition
Authors: Skoglund Helge , Forseth Torbjørn , Einum Sigurd
Published: June 2024

Temperature is a key driver in determining species distribution and abundance across climatic and geographical gradients. This occurs through direct physiological effects of temperature on performance, but may also result from temperature effects on species interactions.

In the current study we experimentally test for temperature‐dependent competition between juvenile anadromous Atlantic salmon and brown trout and evaluate the role of temperature in shaping the relative abundance of these species across 88 Norwegian rivers.

When the two species were reared in allopatry their somatic growth rates were similar across a range of temperatures (4–16°C).

When reared in sympatry, the growth of salmon was greatly reduced at the coldest temperature relative to when reared in allopatry, whereas this was not the case for trout. The effect of interspecific competition on growth was more similar for the two species at warmer temperatures. Thus, interspecific competition effects were strongly asymmetric only at the lowest temperature, with trout outcompeting salmon.

The results from the experiment were reflected in qualitative patterns of relative abundance of salmon and trout in natural populations, which shifted from being trout dominated in rivers with low summer temperatures to being salmon dominated in warmer rivers.

These results provide an empirical example of how temperature effects on the relative abundance of species can only be understood in light of information about temperature‐dependent species interactions.
Seasonal Groundwater Level Dynamics in Unconfined Aquifers across the United States
Authors: Stahl Mason O. , Mar Tyler , Jameel Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Groundwater hydrographs contain a rich set of information on the dynamics of aquifer systems and the processes and properties that influence them. While the importance of seasonal cycles in hydrologic and environmental state variables is widely recognized there has yet to be a comprehensive analysis of the seasonal dynamics of groundwater across the United States. Here we use time series of groundwater level measurements from 997 wells from the National Groundwater Monitoring Network to identify and describe groundwater seasonal cycles in unconfined aquifers across the United States. We use functional data analysis to obtain a functional form fit for each site and apply an unsupervised clustering algorithm to identify a set of five distinct seasonal cycles regimes. Each seasonal cycle regime has a distinctive shape and distinct timing of its annual minimum and maximum water level. There are clear spatial patterns in the occurrence of each seasonal cycle regime, with the relative occurrence of each regime strongly influenced by the geologic setting (aquifer system), climate, and topography. Our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of groundwater seasonal cycles across much of the United States and present both a methodology and results useful for assessing and understanding unconfined groundwater systems.
The Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals and Managers on Patient Involvement in Care Pathway Development: A Discourse Analysis
Authors: Visser Mildred , ‘t Hart Naomi , de Mul Marleen , Weggelaar‐Jansen Anne Marie
Published: June 2024

Background

The WHO advocates patient and public involvement as an ethical imperative, due to the value of the lived experience of patients. A deeper understanding of the shared meanings and underlying beliefs of healthcare professionals and managers for and against including patients in care pathway development.

Objective

To explore the considerations of healthcare professionals and managers on the involvement of patients and public in care pathway development.

Methods

In a medical rehabilitation centre we conducted a single case study that was part of a 2‐year action research programme on blended care pathway development. Following 14 semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals and managers, we analysed their discourses on the value of patient involvement as well as the potential threats and opportunities.

Results

We identified four discourses. Patient as expert frames involvement as relevant, as adding new perspectives and as required to fully understand the patient's needs. Skills and representation is based on the construct that obtaining valuable insights from patients requires certain skills and competences. Self‐protection focusses on personal, interprofessional objections to patient involvement. Professional knows best reveals expertise‐related reasons for avoiding or postponing involvement.

Conclusion

These discourses explain why patient and public involvement in care pathway development is sometimes postponed, limited in scope and level of participation, and/or avoided. The following strategies might minimise the paralysing effect of these discourses: strengthen the capabilities of all stakeholders involved; use a mix of complementary techniques to gain involvement in distinct phases of care pathway development; and create/facilitate a safe environment. Put together, these strategies would foster ongoing, reciprocal learning that could enhance patient involvement.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study belonged to an action research programme on blended care pathway development (developing an integrated, coordinated patient care plan that combines remote, digital telehealth applications, self‐management tools and face‐to‐face care). Multidisciplinary teams took a quality collaborative approach to quality improvement (considering patients as stakeholders) to develop 11 blended care pathways. Although professionals and managers were instructed to invite patients onto their teams and to attend care pathway design workshops, few teams (3/11) actually did. Unravelling why this happened will help improve patient and public involvement in care pathway development.
Variations in soybean nutritional and anti‐nutritional quality based on location and planting dates
Authors: Alfaro‐Wisaquillo Maria Camila , Ali Muhammad , Patiño Danny , Oviedo‐Rondon Edgar Orlando , Vann Rachel , Joseph Michael
Published: June 2024

Soybeans (Glycine max) are a preferred source of plant‐based proteins and oil in various applications in foods and feeds. When soybean is converted to soybean meal (SBM), the quality is determined by the protein content and its digestibility. Protein digestibility is reduced by anti‐nutritional factors like trypsin inhibitors (TI) and processing. The abundant genetic variations in soybean germplasm affect the quantitative trait of protein content. This study analysed the effect of location and planting dates on genetically identical soybeans grown in North Carolina (NC) and then compared the nutritional traits to similar commonly grown soybean varieties in other locations in the USA. The soybeans were analysed using NIRS and wet chemistry. It was found that soybean protein content ranged from 38.14% to 44.92% among the different varieties grown in three different locations in NC. Similarly, TI levels ranged between 28.22 and 33.11 mg g−1 among these varieties. The same varieties, when planted as either a full season or double crop, had different TI levels and were also impacted by planting location. However, there were no significant differences in the TI levels between the varieties and planting seasons. Furthermore, no significant difference in protein content among the varieties within the planting dates was found. Compared to soybeans grown in other parts of the USA, the average crude protein (CP) content was similar to those grown in Arkansas and Minnesota. The TI levels were significantly higher than those grown in Ohio, similar to that of Arkansas, and significantly lower than that of Minnesota.
The content and distribution pattern of chemicals and bioactive compounds of triticale grains
Authors: Jiang Zefang , Li Mo , Han Qianyun , Zhou Shiyue , Wen Xin , Ni Yuanying
Published: June 2024

There is accumulating evidence that triticale‐based foods have potential health benefits. Herein, we milled triticale grains into five components (break flour, reduction flour, coarse bran, fine bran and whole flour) and analysed their nutritional profiles. Our findings revealed that triticale flour has higher content of minerals (2.04 g 100 g−1), insoluble dietary fibre (14.58 g 100 g−1), polyunsaturated fatty acids (1055.3 μg g−1) and vitamin B9 (0.031 mg 100 g−1) and lower levels of lipids and total essential amino acids than wheat flour. All milling fractions showed higher amounts of unsaturated than saturated fatty acids. Coarse bran and fine bran had the highest mineral and vitamin B content. Break flour has significant amounts of total and essential amino acids, whereas reduction flour has significant amounts of starch and amylose. Break and reduction flour have high mineral bioaccessibility. Thus, milling fractions have unique nutritional properties, which is important for the comprehensive utilisation of triticale.
Exploring the properties of Garcinia indica Linn rind powder and its possible usage in food industry
Authors: Awari Ankita , Kumar Mukul , Kaushik Deepika , Oz Emel , Proestos Charalampos , Zeng Maomao , Brennan Charles , Ahmed Mukhtar , Oz Fatih
Published: June 2024

The study investigates, the potential utilisation of the Garcinia indica linn rind powder as a valuable and healthy ingredient for food industry. Techno‐functional properties revealed the functional attributes which is crucial for product development. Characterisation of the powder and extract revealed the physical, chemical, and structural properties through FTIR, HPLC, and SEM. Therefore, moisture content (5.45%), ash content (2.80%), fibre content (7.56%), and fat content (9.54%) were reported in G. indica linn rind. Phytochemical analysis indicated significant levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, suggesting antioxidant potential, supported by inhibition in the DPPH assay with IC50 value of 485.1 μg/mL. In‐vitro assays revealed inhibitory effects on α‐amylase with IC50 value of 58.43 μg/mL and glucose with an IC50 value of 0.39 μg/mL, indicating potential benefits in blood glucose management and weight control. Overall, G. indica rind powder shows promise as a natural ingredient with diverse applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals, offering potential health benefits through innovative product formulations.
Profiles of Campylobacter jejuni from raw retail chicken meat: genetic diversity, pathogenic features, and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Hizlisoy Harun , Barel Mukaddes , Dishan Adalet , Al Serhat , Gungor Candan , Koskeroglu Kursat , Disli H. Burak , Hizlisoy Serhat , Onmaz Nurhan Ertas , Yildirim Yeliz , Gonulalan Zafer , Gumussoy K. Semih
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to assess Campylobacter jejuni prevalence in chicken meat, biofilm formation, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and molecular typing. In the study, 200 chicken meat samples were collected from local outlets and 51 (25.5%) isolates were identified as C. jejuni. Resistance rates to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin were 59%, 60%, 64%, and 64% respectively. Many of the isolates (49%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Beta‐lactamase and tetracycline resistance genes were found in 82.3% and 86.2% of isolates, respectively. Virulence genes were detected in various proportions. Biofilm formation was weak to moderate. ERIC‐PCR showed varied band profiles. Whole genome sequencing confirmed findings. The study highlights C. jejuni presence with antibiotic resistance, virulence and biofilm features in chicken meat, posing public health risks.
Geometrical and chemical effects of water diffusion in silicate gels: Molecular dynamics and random walk simulations
Authors: Hatori Takuma , Matsubara Ryuta , Inagaki Yaohiro , Ishida Keisuke , Ohkubo Takahiro
Published: June 2024

Understanding mass transport in the alteration layers of glass surfaces is a crucial component of the safety assessment of nuclear waste glass. In this work, we model such an alteration layer as a silicate gel with water through a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with a reactive force field. Gels with various water contents (WCs) ranging from 5.1 to are produced via high‐temperature annealing with water and silica. It is found that an increase in the water content destroys the polymerized structure of the silicate network and promotes the formation of silanol groups. The pore size and water connectivity formed by the silicate networks are investigated for the modeled gels. Gel with a WC of is composed of isolated water in the pores; in contrast, pores filled with interconnected water are formed in gel with a WC of . The water diffusivity in the modeled gel is calculated using the mean‐squared displacement at various temperatures. An attempt is made to formulate a linear relationship between the water diffusivity and porosity derived from the MD simulation. The porosity is calculated using a probe atom with a radius, which was optimized from a linear relationship between the water diffusivity and porosity. This approach successfully explains the water diffusivity in terms of the porosity. Random walk (RW) simulations for the structures derived from the MD simulations are performed to determine the geometrical effects of the pores. The diffusivity obtained from RW simulation is compared with the results of the MD simulations, which include chemical interactions such as the formation and breakage of hydrogen bonds. This comparison highlights how geometrical effects and chemical interactions contribute to water diffusivity depending on the WC.
Free‐standing 0.9Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.1Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 thick films produced by water‐based tape‐casting method
Authors: Dunce Marija , Plyushch Artyom , Birks Eriks , Svirskas Šarūnas , Banys Jūras , Jankauskas Paulius , Bikse Liga , Atvars Arturs , Freimanis Otto , Leimane Madara , Bundulis Arturs
Published: June 2024

(1‐x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐xSr1‐1.5yBiyTiO3 solid solutions attract increased interest as lead‐free ferroelectrics perspective for sensors, actuators, and energy storage applications. However, thick films of this composition are of great demand, as they could serve as a good compromise between the bulk ceramics and thin films—due to the advantage in realization of miniaturized devices without reducing the power and sensitivity of target devices, as in the case of thin films, and ability to accommodate application of much higher electric fields compared to bulk ceramics. In the present research, for the first time, we have produced free‐standing 0.9Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.1Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 thick films by water‐based tape‐casting method, using just two organic chemicals, which is an eco‐friendly production approach having only several successful attempts in the case of ferroelectric materials before. We conducted a detailed study focusing on development of microstructure at various sintering temperatures and consequences of evaporation of Bi during the production. Our findings show how the choice of the sintering temperature can help in improvement of density of the thick films, reaching 98.9%, and changing the grain size. It is demonstrated that a secondary phase appears predominantly on the free surface of the films. We propose a method for effective minimization of its formation—by the choice of appropriate embedding powder media during the sintering.
Squiggle Game, from a Psychotherapy to an Educational Creativity Method. Drawing and Designing Together
Authors: Chevalier Julie , Terrien Pascal , Bonnet Christian , Gimenez Guy , Poplimont Christine , Tortochot Éric
Published: June 2024

The paper presents an experiment with a squiggle game in a design class: a joint drawing activity. The squiggle game, which comes from psychoanalysis, has been adapted to a teaching‐learning situation in order to observe how graphic design practices and skills develop through creativity. The hypothesis is that the game impacts the training of participants, including teachers, by developing their creativity through the co‐construction that occurs between them. A qualitative methodology based on activity theory has been set up, consisting of two phases of experimentation in a vocational training class in France. The results are based on a semiotic and cognitive analysis of the drawing activity through its components and the participants' discourse about their drawings during self‐confrontations. The discussion creates a dialogue between several research paradigms in educational sciences, psychology, and psychoanalysis within artistic disciplines. It leads to the identification of four creativity methods that impact the teaching‐learning processes generated by the squiggle game: the game of abstract random drawing in pairs; the figurative patterns sought through combinations of strokes (complementation); opposition between very strong former and current routines of drawing or behaviours; and rebounding from the other's prompts towards new dynamics.
The trophic strategy of the European honey‐buzzard Pernis apivorus during breeding: extravagant specialization or ingenious solution?
Authors: Martín‐Ávila Jorge A. , Rebollo Salvador , Fernández‐Pereira José M. , Díaz‐Aranda Luisa M.
Published: June 2024

This article provides insight into the trophic strategy of a little‐known top predator and allows for a better understanding of the selective pressures that shape its diet. We studied the diet of European honey‐buzzards, a raptor specialized in consuming social wasp brood. The ratio of predator to prey biomasses is one of the highest among raptors. Considering the prey size and ingestion rate hypothesis, we investigated the honey‐buzzard's preferences for native and exotic eusocial vespid species. We also described other prey items in the diet and how diet changes throughout the breeding season. We installed trail cameras in 24 honey‐buzzard nests in north‐western Spain in 2018–2021. We estimated the proportion and daily rate of delivery of native common‐wasps, invasive Asian‐hornets, reptiles, and birds and the honey‐buzzard's preferences for vespid species. We performed LMMs, GLMMs, and CLMMs to analyse relationships between response variables and predictors. Honey‐buzzards mainly consumed vespids (82% of prey). Common‐wasps and Asian‐hornets were almost the only two vespids consumed. The invasive hornet was the second most consumed prey, but common‐wasps were preferred. Vespids became more important as the age and number of nestlings increased. Our results suggest that this diet is the adaptive result of the conflict between being a median‐sized insect‐eating nidicolous raptor and collecting enough morsels for the growth of its nestlings. This would allow them to deliver a relatively large amount of biomass to the nest with a high ingestion rate. We discussed implications of our findings for the management of the invasive wasp.
Tag SNP selection for prediction of adaptation traits in Braford and Hereford cattle using Bayesian methods
Authors: Reimann Fernando A. , Campos Gabriel S. , Junqueira Vinícius S. , Comin Helena B. , Sollero Bruna P. , Cardoso Leandro L. , da Costa Rodrigo F. , Boligon Arione A. , Yokoo Marcos J. , Cardoso Fernando F.
Published: June 2024

This study utilized Bayesian inference in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic markers associated with traits relevant to the adaptation of Hereford and Braford cattle breeds. We focused on eye pigmentation (EP), weaning hair coat (WHC), yearling hair coat (YHC), and breeding standard (BS). Our dataset comprised 126,290 animals in the pedigree. Out of these, 233 sires were genotyped using high‐density (HD) chips, and 3750 animals with medium‐density (50 K) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. Employing the Bayes B method with a prior probability of π = 0.99, we identified and tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tag SNPs), ranging from 18 to 117 SNPs depending on the trait. These Tag SNPs facilitated the construction of reduced SNP panels. We then evaluated the predictive accuracy of these panels in comparison to traditional medium‐density SNP chips. The accuracy of genomic predictions using these reduced panels varied significantly depending on the clustering method, ranging from 0.13 to 0.65. Additionally, we conducted functional enrichment analysis that found genes associated with the most informative SNP markers in the current study, thereby providing biological insights into the genomic basis of these traits.
Liposome nanoparticle conjugation and cell penetrating peptide sequences (CPPs) enhance the cellular delivery of the tau aggregation inhibitor RI‐AG03
Authors: Reich Niklas , Parkin Edward , Dawson Neil
Published: June 2024

Given the pathological role of Tau aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), our laboratory previously developed the novel Tau aggregation inhibitor peptide, RI‐AG03. As Tau aggregates accumulate intracellularly, it is essential that the peptide can traverse the cell membrane. Here we examine the cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of RI‐AG03, in both a free and liposome‐conjugated form. We also characterize the impact of adding the cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) sequences, polyarginine (polyR) or transactivator of transcription (TAT), to RI‐AG03. Our data show that liposome conjugation of CPP containing RI‐AG03 peptides, with either the polyR or TAT sequence, increased cellular liposome association three‐fold. Inhibition of macropinocytosis modestly reduced the uptake of unconjugated and RI‐AG03‐polyR‐linked liposomes, while having no effect on RI‐AG03‐TAT‐conjugated liposome uptake. Further supporting macropinocytosis‐mediated internalization, a ‘fair’ co‐localisation of the free and liposome‐conjugated RI‐AG03‐polyR peptide with macropinosomes and lysosomes was observed. Interestingly, we also demonstrate that RI‐AG03‐polyR detaches from liposomes following cellular uptake, thereby largely evading organellar entrapment. Collectively, our data indicate that direct membrane penetration and macropinocytosis are key routes for the internalization of liposomes conjugated with CPP containing RI‐AG03. Our study also demonstrates that peptide‐liposomes are suitable nanocarriers for the cellular delivery of RI‐AG03, furthering their potential use in targeting Tau pathology in AD.
Shifting paradigms: A collective and structural strategy for addressing healthcare inequity
Authors: Monteiro Sandra , Acai Anita , Kahlke Renate , Chan Teresa M. , Sukhera Javeed
Published: June 2024

Healthcare inequity is a persistent systemic problem, yet many solutions have historically focused on “debiasing” individuals. Individualistic strategies fit within a competency‐based medical education and assessment paradigm, whereby professional values of social accountability, patient safety, and healthcare equity are linked to an individual clinician's competence. Unfortunately, efforts to realise the conceptual linkages between medical education curricula and goals to improve healthcare equity fail to address the institutional values, policies, and practices that enable structural racism. In this article, we explore alternative approaches that target collective and structural causes of health inequity. We first describe the structural basis of healthcare inequity by identifying the ways in which institutional culture, power and privilege erode patient‐centred care and contribute to epistemic injustice. We then outline some reasons that stereotypes, which are a culturally supported foundation for discrimination, bias and racism in healthcare, cannot be modified effectively through individualistic strategies or education curricula. Finally, we propose a model that centres shared values for leadership by individuals and institutions with consistency in goal setting, knowledge translation, and talent development. Figure 1 summarises the key recommendations. We have provided cases to supplement this work and facilitate discussion about the model's application to practice.
Embryonic and larval development of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and its sensitivity to incubation temperature
Authors: Fraz Shamaila , Laframboise Lisa , Manzon Richard , Somers Christopher M. , Wilson Joanna Y.
Published: June 2024

The ontogenetic development in teleost fish is sensitive to temperature, and the developmental rate has a direct relationship with the environmental temperature within a species' thermal tolerance limit. Temperature determines time to and survival at hatching. Yellow perch is a North American species of ecological and commercial importance, and its phenology is vulnerable to climate change. The embryonic development of yellow perch was comparable to closely related members of the family Percidae. Developmental progression was fastest at 18°C and slowest at 12°C, with medial progression at 15°C. Time to hatch and swim‐up, feeding onset, and exogenous feeding phases were different across all incubation temperatures regardless of a gradual post‐hatch warming of the 12 and 15°C groups to a common garden temperature of 18°C. Incubation temperature may lower the rate of survival to hatch at 15°C and had complex impacts on developmental abnormalities. Temperature had significant effects on the development rate, time of hatch, survival, and incidence of developmental abnormalities. Early ontogenetic thermal history in ectotherms is an important factor determining phenotypic variation. It will be important to link the thermally induced changes in development described here to the physiological and morphological differences and to link the developmental abnormalities to functional performance.
Sustainability‐informed dietetics education: key messages for educators and national dietetics associations
Authors: Browne Sarah , Corish Clare , Nordin Stacia , Carlsson Liesel
Published: June 2024

Background

Dietetics curricula currently fail to meet the educational needs of the future dietetic workforce to contribute expertise in sustainable, healthy food systems in the settings in which dietitians work. A ‘Global Networking Event on Sustainable Food Systems in Nutrition and Dietetics Education’ was held in June 2023 with the goals of building relationships among international stakeholders and informing the development of shared curricula.

Methods

Plenary lectures, panels and roundtable discussions were held over 2 days, designed to provide the background required to generate informed actions. Topics included recent research from practice and education, competency standards and relevant policy documents, examples from the field, ‘big questions’ about scope and student perspectives. Key messages were summarised thematically to inform educators and national dietetics associations.

Results

Fifty‐five delegates attended from 11 nations representing education, research, dietetic associations, industry and diverse practice backgrounds. Key priorities identified for educators included co‐development of curricular frameworks and pedagogical theory, practical training supports and solutions to limited time and expertise. Key recommendations for national dietetics associations included strategic promotion of sustainable food systems in dietetic roles and practical supports.

Conclusions

Outcomes are anticipated to stimulate ongoing discussion, collaboration and actions on sustainable food systems education within the dietetics profession leading to shared curricular models and supports.
Cocreating eating disorder education solutions: A design thinking approach to dietetics curricula in Australia
Authors: Heafala Alana , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn , Ball Lauren , Mitchell Lana J.
Published: June 2024

Background

As the prevalence of eating disorders continues to increase, there is an urgent need to equip the emerging dietetics workforce to provide care to this growing population. The present study aimed to describe a five‐step design thinking process that was applied to brainstorm ideas and develop and test solutions for consideration in the future.

Methods

A pragmatic, five‐step design thinking approach was used during a 1‐day, in‐person design thinking retreat. Purposive sampling was used to identify key stakeholders, including subject matter, learning and teaching, as well as lived experience experts, dietetics students and recent graduates. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse brainstormed and design solution ideas.

Results

Seventeen participants attended the design thinking retreat in April 2023. Four education prototypes were developed and tested by stakeholders including: (1) a change to accreditation requirements for dietetics curricula; (2) a multimodal learning package for penultimate year students; (3) embedding disordered eating and eating disorder content into existing curriculum and upskilling educators; and (4) codesigning an eating disorder module.

Conclusions

The design thinking retreat engaged a variety of stakeholders in curriculum design resulting in an array of prototype approaches that aimed to embed eating disorder content into university curricula. Further research is needed to test the prototypes and understand what impact this has on dietetics students' feelings of preparedness to provide care to people seeking this support.
Association between telomere length and anorexia of ageing: a cross‐sectional study conducted with community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Vieira Ricardo Antônio , Nunes Daniella Pires , Lima Daniela Braga , Rocha Greiciane da Silva , Corona Ligiana Pires , Santos‐Orlandi Ariene Angelini dos , Sampaio Eliza de Souza , Rodrigues Priscila Cristina de Oliveira Garcia , de Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira
Published: June 2024

Background

To verify whether shorter telomere length is associated with anorexia of ageing in community‐dwelling older people.

Methods

Conducted as a cross‐sectional investigation, the study enrolled 448 participants residing in an urban area of a municipality in Brazil. Relative telomere length in blood samples was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas the presence of anorexia of ageing was determined using the Simplified Appetite Nutritional Questionnaire. Data analysis employed multiple logistic regression.

Results

Among the 448 older individuals surveyed, 70.69% were female, and the predominant age bracket ranged from 60 to 69 years (45.08%). Approximately 25% exhibited the shortest telomeric length, with a corresponding anorexia of ageing prevalence of 41.16%. Older individuals with diminished telomere lengths displayed an increased likelihood of experiencing anorexia of ageing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–3.29), independent of factors such as gender, age group, depressive symptoms, pain and performance in basic daily life activities.

Conclusions

The observed association between anorexia of ageing and a telomeric biomarker underscores the imperative to meticulously evaluate the nutritional dimensions of older people, with a view to implementing interventions that may enhance their overall health status.