bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengolahan Air Limbah Proses Utama Menggunakan Wastewater Treatment Plant pada PT. Indonesia Power Grati POMU
Authors: Willy Theresia A. E. D. , Mukono J.
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang: Pertumbuhan penduduk,ekonomi, serta teknologi yang didukung oleh tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi, semakin banyak juga limbah yang dihasilkan setiap harinya, diantaranya limbah padat,cair,gas, maupun B3, cara yang paling baik untuk mengatasi kerusakan lingkungan akibat limbah, yaitu dengan mengelola limbah sebelum dilepas atau dilepas ke lingkungan. Pengelolaan limbah disesuaikan dengan baku mutu lingkungan yang telah ditetapkan dalam undang-undang yang berlaku agar tidak menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan, pengolahan limbah yang dilakukan pada PT. Indonesia Power Grati POMU dengan unit pembangkitan berupa PLTGU (Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas dan Uap) salah satunya metode Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP).
Tujuan: untuk mengetahui proses pengolahan air limbah proses menggunakan metode Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) yang dilakukan oleh PT. Indonesia Power Grtai POMU.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dimana menggambarkan pengolahan air limbah proses utama dengan metode wastewater treatment plant ((WWTP) pada PT. Indonesia Power Grati Power Generation and Operation and Maintenance Service Unit (POMU), penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan observasi langsung pada tempat wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) serta literasi terkait peraturan dan perundangan yang berlaku.
Hasil: Proses pengolahan air limbah proses pada PT. Indonesia Power Grati POMU terdapat 10 tahap, dimulai dari storage pond hingga dibuang ke laut.
Kesimpulan: PT. Indonesia Power Grati POMU menggunakan metode wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) untuk mengelola air limbah proses utama. Terdapat 10 tahap yang digunakan dalam proses pengolahan dengan WWTP, pengolahan air limbah menggunakan proses ini sudah baik ditandai dengan hasil pengolahan WWTP pada tahun 2021-Januari 2022 dengan hasil dibawah standar baku mutu sehingga layak dibuang ke laut.
ПРОГРАМНО-АПАРАТНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС ДЛЯ ОНЛАЙН-ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ЛІКАРЯ І ПАЦІЄНТА З COVID-19
Authors: Назаренко Наталія , Данілова Валентина
Published: July 2023

На сьогоднішній день COVID-19 є дуже небезпечним інфекційним захворюванням, оскільки може призвести до таких ускладнень, як пневмонія, тромбоз, ураження органів. Симптоми коронавірусу часто схожі на звичайну застуду: висока температура, головний біль, кашель, задишка, втрата нюху та смаку. Деякі люди можуть не мати симптомів, проте вони можуть передавати вірус іншим. Під час контакту з хворим є велика ймовірність зараження, тому краще уникати близькості. У випадках, коли хворий не має тяжких ускладнень, або знаходиться на етапі реабілітації, лікування можна перевести в онлайн-формат. Для цього медичні компанії в Україні займаються розробкою спеціальних додатків та сайтів. У даній роботі запропоновано програмний продукт, який дозволяє дистанційно відстежувати стан пацієнта та коригувати його план лікування. Для розробки було використано середовище програмування PyCharm 2022, мову програмування Python, бібліотеку для створення веб-продуктів Streamlit. На платформі через особистий кабінет пацієнт може бачити призначення від лікаря та фіксувати їх виконання, а лікар відповідно бачити ці результати та вносити певні зміни в план лікування. Програма також має можливість завантажувати та одразу передавати лікарю дані про серцевий ритм пацієнта та його рівень насиченості крові киснем через взаємодію з давачем MAX30102, що працює на базі Arduino Uno Rev 3. Дані про пульс та сатурацію є важливими показниками для оцінки стану серцево-судинної та дихальної систем.
Investigation of powdery & downy mildew segregation in Bogazkere hybrids of Turkish wine grape
Authors: Gunhan Metehan , Jermakow Angelica , Arunasiri Nayana , Dry Ian
Published: July 2023

Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator syn. Uncinula necator) and downy mildew (Plasmapora viticola) are the most harmful diseases to grapevine production in Turkey. The aim of this study was to generate hybrids between the susceptible Turkish wine grape variety ‘Bogazkere’ and powdery and downy mildew resistant microvine breeding lines and evaluate their resistance to these important diseases. Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) was used to determine the inheritance of powdery and downy mildew resistance and flower sex loci of the 36 F1 progeny plants obtained by cross-pollination at genotypic level. Based on the PCR results, phenotyping and leaf bioassay were performed to validate initial MAS for 11 and 9 representative progeny with four resistant and susceptible controls. As a result, two tall powdery and downy mildew-resistant vines, three powdery mildew-resistant microvines and two downy mildew-resistant microvines were obtained. The MAS results were also validated by leaf bioassays, which confirmed that resistance genes segregated to the F1 progeny are functional and provide resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this research provides the first photographic validation of the powdery and downy mildew resistance of the Turkish variety ‘Bogazkere’. Our findings could potentially provide the wine industry with a resistant wine grape cultivar and an addition to the wine grape germplasm, which could contribute to future breeding programs. Most importantly, the success of the resistance genes segregated into the candidate progeny could help significantly reduce the use of chemicals against grapevine pathogens.
Consumer Bankruptcy Regimes In Europe
Authors: Fézer Tamás , Zoványi Nikolett
Published: July 2023

Consumer over-indebtedness has been a problem in Europe especially since the 2008 financial crisis. Legal procedures addressing consumer insolvency were scarce and sporadic prior to 2008, however, legislation have accelerated in most Member States of the European Union in the past fifteen years. In lack of any harmonization in the area of consumer bankruptcy in the EU, Member States, while learning from each other in some instances, established their own procedures and regulatory frameworks. The paper attempts to map the various approaches in addressing consumer over-indebtedness looking for common cores to serve as a base for a future legislation in an EU level. The research follows a comparative method mostly relying on the analysis of the relevant norms in the Member States of the EU also wandering to the territory of the sociology of law. The paper concludes the consumer bankruptcy regimes in Europe can be categorized easily and show similarities mostly in the identification of the vulnerable groups and in the legal consequences of the procedures. This finding proves there is ground for the European Commission to propose legislation, preferably in the form of a directive of the Council and of the European Parliament, to ensure a harmonized approach in the field of consumer bankruptcy procedures.
Exosomes Analysis in Prostate Cancer: How They Can Improve Biomarkers Performance
Authors: Salciccia Stefano , Frisenda Marco , Bevilacqua Giulio , Gobbi Luca , Bucca Bruno , Moriconi Martina , Viscuso Pietro , Gentilucci Alessandro , Mariotti Gianna , Cattarino Susanna , Forte Flavio , Fais Stefano , Logozzi Mariantonia , Sciarra Beatrice , Sciarra Alessandro
Published: July 2023

Backgound: Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles, carriers of different biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. Their composition and the fact that their release dramatically increases in case of tumorigenesis, opens different scenarios on the possible application in the research for new biomarkers.Methods: The most widely applied methodologies include ultracentrifugation techniques, size-based techniques, immunoaffinity capture-based techniques (mainly ELISA) and precipitation. To optimize the acquisition of exosomes from the reference sample, more techniques can be applied in sequence for a single extraction, determining an increase in labor time and costs. Results: The analysis of PSA-expressing exosomes provides an incredibly accurate way to discriminate between healthy patients and those with prostate disease. Specifically, IC-ELISA alone method achieved 98.57% sensitivity and 80.28% specificity in discriminating prostate cancer (PC) from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).An immunocapture-based ELISA assay was performed to quantify and characterize carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX expression in exosomes. The results revealed that CA IX positive exosomes were 25-fold higher in plasma samples from PC patients than in those from healthy control. Conclusions: The analysis of PC-linked exosomes represents a promising diagnostic model that can effectively distinguish patients with PC from those with non-malignant prostatic disease, However, the use of exosome analysis in clinical practice is currently limited by several issues, including a lack of standardization in the analytical process and high costs, which are still too high for a large-scale use.
Rlc Electrical Modelling of Black Hole and Early Universe. Generalization of Boltzmann’s Constant in Curved Space-Time
Authors: Flores Hector Gerardo
Published: July 2023

Here we mathematically model black holes and the early universe following dynamics similar to RLC electrical models, focusing on their similarities at the singularity. We use this mathematically modelling to hypothesize the evolution of an expanding universe as the result of a black hole collapse followed by its evaporation. Or model consists of several steps defined by: (1) the formation of a black hole following general relativity equations; (2) growth of the black hole modelled as a resistance-capacitance-like electrical circuit; (3) expansion of space-time following the disintegration of the black hole, modelled by RLC-like dynamics. In updating this article, version 2, we will expand by presenting three additional examples related to the theory of the generalization Boltzmann's constant in curved space-time and the theory of general and especial relativity. We will calculate the critical mass to produce a black hole in the LHC, the existence of a high temperature Bose-Einstein condensate and finally we will demonstrate the existence of a tangential force to the repulsion force in the disintegration of subatomic particles.
Breaking Barriers: Initial Step Towards Certification Standards for Aircraft Wing-Structure-Integrated High-Pressure Composite Hydrogen Tanks
Authors: Butt Javed Arshad , Markmiller Johannes Friedrich Carl
Published: July 2023

Standards are not only crucial for obtaining a certification for practical use, but also an essential guidance for inferring how and what to simulate as well test experimentally. This paper examines the potential applicability of existing standards from various domains, including aerospace and automotive, to Wing-Structure- Integrated high-pressure Hydrogen Tanks (SWITHs). It highlights the associated challenges and uncertainties, acknowledging the absence of a single, all-encompassing standard for SWITHs. We embark on an exploration aimed at identifying alternative standards that are best suited for SWITHs. The analysis scrutinizes existing standards that could potentially facilitate SWITH certification, with a particular focus on the inclusivity of externally loaded hydrogen tanks. Assessment criteria are established to filter standards that best meet the needs of SWITHs. Through this process, we identify two key standards that present themselves as the most promising alternatives. Moreover, we delineate the technical constraints involved in selecting the maximum nominal working pressure for high-pressure tanks intended for burst tests. Our findings reveal a current upper limit of 525 bar, imposed by the limitations of existing test facilities. The study underscores that these standards should serve as flexible guiding frameworks rather than rigid protocols, encouraging progressive development in the SWITH field.
Deciphering the Dichotomy: The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor Isoforms in Cortisol’s Paradoxical Impact on Reproduction and Pregnancy
Authors: Bhaumik Sreeparna , Lockett Jack , Cuffe James , Clifton Vicki L
Published: July 2023

Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and associated changes in circulating levels of glucocorticoids are integral to an organism's response to stressful stimuli. Glucocorticoids acting via glucocorticoid receptors (GR) play a role in fertility, reproduction, placental function, and fetal development. GRs are ubiquitously expressed throughout the female reproductive system and regulate normal reproductive function. Stress induced glucocorticoids have been shown to inhibit reproduction and affect female gonadal function by supressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at each level. Furthermore, during pregnancy, a mother's exposure to prenatal stress or external glucocorticoids can result in long-lasting alterations to the fetal HPA and neuroendocrine function. Several GR isoforms generated via alternative splicing or translation initiation from the GR gene have been identified in the mammalian ovary and uterus. The GR isoforms identified include the splice variants, GRα and GRβ, GRγ and GR-P. Glucocorticoids can exert both stimulatory and inhibitory effects and both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in the ovary, in vitro. In the placenta, thirteen GR isoforms have been identified in human, guinea pig, sheep, rat and mouse indicating it is conserved across species and may be important in mediating a differential response to stress. Distinctive responses to glucocorticoids, differential birth outcomes in pregnancy complications, and sex-based variations in the response to stress could all potentially be dependent on a particular GR expression pattern. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the GR in relation to female fertility and reproduction and discusses the changes in GR and glucocorticoid signalling during pregnancy. This review will delve into the existing understanding of GR isoforms and explore the possible roles that these distinct isoforms may have in regulating glucocorticoid signalling, along with their impact on gonadal activity, placental function, and fetal growth.
All That Glitters Is Not Gold: 3D-Printed Tactile Image Configurations for Better Visually Impaired People’s Perception
Authors: Barros Gutenberg , Correia Walter , Da Gama Alana , Teixeira João
Published: July 2023

This research focused on the perception of visually impaired individuals regarding tactile image creation using 3D printing. We developed and applied an experiment with 28 participants with visual impairments. They performed tasks based on skills whose foundations are needed and used in their daily lives, such as scanning, tactile discrimination, picture and spatial comprehension. The tactile images used in this study were developed by additive manufacturing and printed over 180 g/m² sulphite paper. The best performances were obtained when (1) the tactile image contour line heights were between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm; and (2) the texture presented densities between 10% and 50%, when alone, or between 10% and 90%, when combined with another texture. The tested line widths (0.8 mm and 1.2 mm) did not present statistically significant differences in the results. Vision status (low vision or blindness) and moment of vision loss (congenital or late blind) did not influence the results. Schooling affected the activities of identifying objects and locating their copies. In the Conclusion section, there is a detailed recommendation list for the production and application of tactile materials, which range from simplifying forms to encouraging the use of both hands during content assimilation.
MTHFR and LC, CFS, POTS, MCAS, SIBO, EDS: Methylating the Alphabet Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Dept of Pathology
Authors: Chambers Patrick
Published: July 2023

Long Covid (LC), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS), Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) are all loosely connected, some poorly defined, some with overlapping symptoms. The female preponderance, the prominence of fatigue and chronic inflammation, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) abnormalities may connect them all. Indeed differential methylation may lie at the root. Two - EDS and MTHFR - are genetic. But epigenetic factors may ultimately determine their phenotypic expression. Oxidative stress, overloaded mitochondria, an antioxidant and nutrient shortfall, and suboptimal gut microbiome appear to be the primary determinants. A deep dive into the folate and methionine cycles is undertaken in an attempt to connect these syndromes. The active forms of vitamin D and vitamins B2,3,6,9,12 are shown to be biochemically integral to optimal methylation and control of the epigenome. Their status largely determines the symptoms of abnormal MTHFR in all its phenotypes. The wider implications for aging, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and autoimmune disease are briefly explored.
Enhance Cruise Boat Resilience to Strong Convective Gust through Global Model Cumulus Variable Prediction
Authors: Jian Jun , Chen Jinhai , Webster Peter J.
Published: July 2023

Ship pilots and maritime safety administration have an urgent need for more accurate and earlier warnings on strong wind gusts. This study firstly investigates the “Oriental Star” cruise ship cap-sizing event in 2015, one of the deadliest shipwreck events in recent years, and explores all related hydro-meteorological components in a global mesoscale model. It is found that, rather than the missing signal in raw surface wind prediction, the cumulus precipitation variable (CP) increases dramatically during the accident occurrence, which significantly corresponds to the sub-grid strong wind gust. The effective lead-time can be extended from 24hr (deterministic model) to 48hr (en-semble model). This finding is then verified in another two recent deadly cruise boat accidents. The introduction of the new variable is bearing the hope of improvement to the current maritime safeguard system, on predicting sub-grid strong wind gusts for small-size cruise boats in offshore and inland rivers. Finally, an automatic-response system is developed to provide economical con-vection prediction via Inmarsat email communication, aiming to explore operational severe con-vective gust early-warning and appropriate numerical mesoscale model application.
Baby Swimming Programs: The Impact on Infants’ Avoidance of Bodies of Water
Authors: Burnay Carolina , I. Anderson David , Button Chris , Cordovil Rita
Published: July 2023

Despite the popularity of infant swimming programs, no evidence exists to determine whether they influence infants’ judgements and behavior when confronted with bodies of water. In the current study we examined whether the total number of swimming sessions an infant had participated in predicted whether they avoided a body of water they could enter via an edge (n = 101 infants) or a slope (n = 77 infants). An initial regression analysis revealed no association between the number of sessions and avoidance of the water via either type of entry. However, a secondary analysis of infants who had participated in fewer or more than 10 sessions revealed a significant interaction between number of sessions and type of entry into the water. Infants who participated in more than 10 sessions were more likely to avoid the water if they could access it via an edge but significantly more likely to enter the water if they could access it via a slope. Because we tested the two groups of infants in different countries, further research is warranted to determine if cultural differences in child rearing practices or variations in the content and/or teaching of the swimming programs might explain these intriguing findings.
Transcriptomic Responses of Salvia hispanica to the Infestation of Red Spider Mites (Tetranychus neocaledonicus)
Authors: M Lee , L Wang , G.H. Yue
Published: July 2023

Salvia hispanica (chia) is a highly nutritious food source and has gained popularity due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content. Red spider mites are a serious problem in the production of S. hispanica. However, no study has been conducted to analyse the defensive response to the infestation of red spider mites in S. hispanica. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the defensive response of S. hispanica to red spider mites, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of S. hispanica when infested by red spider mites. In the comparative assessment of leaf transcriptomes, a total of 1743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and mite-infested S. hispanica. From these, 1208 (69%) transcripts were up-regulated and 535 (31%) were down-regulated. The DEGs included transcription factors, defense hormones, and secondary metabolites that were either suppressed or activated in response to spider mite herbivory. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that plant secondary metabolites such as glucosinolates, and signalling pathways, including the jasmonic acid signalling pathway, may play an important role in the defence against red spider mites. This study provides novel insights into the defence response of S. hispanica in response to insect herbivory and could be a resource for the improvement of pest resistance in the chia.
Study of micro-samples from the open-air rock art site of Cueva de la Vieja (Alpera, Albacete, Spain) for assessing the performance of a desalination treatment
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Aramendia Julene , Prieto-Taboada Nagore , Arana Gorka , Madariaga Juan Manuel , Ruiz Juan Francisco
Published: July 2023

In this work, some micro-samples belonging to the open-air rock art site of Cueva de la Vieja (Alpera, Albacete, Spain) were analysed. These samples were collected after and before a desalination treatment carried out with the aim of removing a whitish layer of concretion that affected the painted panel. The diagnostic study was performed to study the conservation state of the panel and then to confirm the effectiveness of treatment. Micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed for the characterization of the degradation product as well as that of mineral substrate and pigments. The micro-samples analysis demonstrated that the painted layer was settled on a dolomitic limestone with silicon aggregates and aluminosilicates as well as iron oxides. The whitish crust was composed by sulfate compounds like gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) with minor amount of epsomite (MgSO4.7H2O). An extensive phenomenon of biological activity was demonstrated since, in almost all the samples analysed, the presence of calcium oxalates monohydrate (CaC2O4H2O) and dehydrate (CaC2O42H2O) were found. Probably the presence of both calcium oxalates had favoured the conservation of pictographs. In addition, some carotenoids pigments, scytonemin (C36H20N2O4) and astaxanthin (C40H52O4) were characterized both by Raman spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction. Hematite was found as a pigment voluntarily used for the painting of the panels used in mix with hydroxyapatite and amorphous carbon. The results of the analyses of the samples taken after the cleaning treatment confirmed a substantial decrease in sulphate patina on the panel surface.
Thrust Generated by a Closed System
Authors: Shterev Kiril
Published: July 2023

The main restriction of space traveling is a lack of an appropriate engine. In this paper is considered process in rarefied gas dynamics (microfluidics) that generates trust of a closed system, i.e. the system with constant mass (reactionless drive). Molecules in gas flies with fast speed (the most probable speed of air molecules at standard temperature and pressure is 440 m/s) and each molecule does around 10^10 collisions per second. The theory of relativity is more accurate than classical mechanics and even difference of part of the percent of the force applied by molecules on the walls could make reactionless drive possible. One-dimensional Fourier rarefied gas flow was considered taking into account special theory of relativity. To this aim special theory of relativity was implemented in Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. DSMC is the dominant and benchmark method in rarefied gas dynamics. We found out that resultant force of a closed system is different from zero, therefore, thrust can be generated that makes reactionless drive possible.
Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue as a Natural Scaffold for Targeted Drug Delivery in Brain Cancer
Authors: Salagean Alex , Nechifor-Boila Adela , Bajwa Nosherwan , Pastorello Ylenia , Slevin Mark
Published: July 2023

Major limitations in the effective treatment of neurological cancer include systemic cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, inaccessibility, and inoperability. The capability to successfully target a drug to the tumor site(s), without incurring serious side effects, especially in the case of aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, would represent a significant breakthrough in therapy. Orthotopic systems, capable of storing and releasing proteins over a prolonged period at the site of a tumor, utilising nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels have been proposed. One candidate for drug delivery is Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue (MFAT). Obtained easily from the patient by abdominal subcutaneous liposuction (autologous), and with a high content of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), mechanically derived nanofat is a natural tissue graft with a structural scaffold organization. It has a well preserved stromal vascular fraction, and a prolonged capacity to secrete anti-tumorigenic concentrations of pre-absorbed chemotherapeutics within extracellular vesicles. This review discusses current evidence supporting the potential of drug modified MFAT for the treatment of neurological cancer with respect to recent preclinical and in vitro studies. Possible limitations and future perspectives are considered.
Forest Fire Risk Mapping in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Garima , Kumar Pardeep , Mukherjee Saumitra
Published: July 2023

Forests, integral to human civilization, hold immense value and play a vital role in maintaining ecological harmony. Despite India's goal of extensive forest coverage, significant progress is still needed. Uncontrolled forest fires pose a severe threat, particularly in Uttarakhand's Pauri Garhwal district. To address this challenge, a comprehensive study examined surface and subsurface hydrological factors influencing the forest fire occurrences, such as elevation, aspect, slope, vegetation, proximity to human settlements, proximity to waterbodies, Active faults and lineament density. A total of 15 such factors were integrated with advanced techniques of remote sensing and GIS and coupled with historical fire data to create a precise forest fire risk map using the support vector machine algorithm. Forest fire risk map was classified into 5 distinct risk zones, Very High Risk (47.38 Km2), High Risk (275.98 km2, Moderate Risk (985.49 km2), Low Risk (1741.17 km2) and Very Low Risk (2374.11 km2) aiding in proactive fire management. By embracing this innovative tool, decision-makers can protect forests, preserve biodiversity, and ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.
Modeling and Visualizing the Dynamics of Epidemic Diseases Spread. The Case of COVID-19
Authors: Zachilas Loukas , Benos Christos
Published: July 2023

Our aim is to provide an insight of the procedures and the dynamics that lead the spread of contagious diseases through populations. Our simulation tool can increase our understanding on the spatial parameters which affect the diffusion of a virus. SIR models are based on the hypothesis that populations are “well mixed”. Our model constitutes an attempt to focus on the effects of the specific distribution of the initially infected individuals through the population and provide insights, considering the stochasticity of the transmission process. For this purpose, we represent the population using a square lattice of nodes. Each node represents an individual that may or may not carry the virus. Nodes that carry the virus can only transfer it to susceptible neighboring nodes. This important revision of the common SIR model provides a very realistic property: the same number of initially infected individuals can lead to multiple paths, depending on their initial distribution in the lattice. This property creates better predictions and probable scenarios to construct a probability function and appropriate confidence intervals. Finally, this structure permits realistic visualizations of the results to understand the procedure of contagion and spread of a disease and the effects of any measures applied.
Exploring Divergent Patterns and Dynamics of Urban and Active Rural Developments
Authors: Zhong Huimin , Liu Zhengjia , Huang Yihang
Published: July 2023

Analyzing urban-rural spatial structures and changes are of great significance for under-standing the urban-rural relationship evolution. While previous studies mostly focused on the urban internal spatial structure evolution, less from the regional scale to explore the urban and rural evolution. Here, taking Dezhou city, a rapidly urbanization city in China as a case study, we employed the local contour tree method and nighttime light data to map urban and active rural regions’ range during 2012-2020, and further explored the respective development processes of them. This study found that different from rural regions, internal structures of urban regions are more complex, and there are often multiple hot spots inside them. The urban-rural regions’ area had increased significantly by 39.3% during 2012-2020 (p<0.05). The urban and rural region rankings of the identified counties are basically consistent with the urban and rural population rankings. Particularly, different from perspectives of earlier land use (i.e., built-up land or impervious surface), this study identified urban and active rural regions in view of the scope of active human activities. This study therefore found populations were greatly responsible for affecting changes of urban and active rural region structures. These findings could be helpful for understanding urban-rural dynamics.
A Comparative Study on Crystallisation for Virgin and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Multiscale Effects on Physico-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Viora Laurianne , Combeau Marie , Pucci Monica , Perrin Didier , Liotier Pierre-Jacques , Bouvard Jean-Luc , Combeaud Christelle
Published: July 2023

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is nowadays one of the most used polymers for packaging applications. Modifications induced by service conditions and the optimal mean to recycle this matter several times have to be perfectly understood to allow a reuse for similar application (from bottle to bottle for example). The present study aims to compare physico-chemical properties, crystalline organization, and mechanical behaviour of virgin (vPET) and recycled PET (rPET). Using different combined experimental methods (Calorimetry, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, DMA, and uni-axial tensile test), it has been proven that even if there is no change in the crystallinity of PET, the crystallisation process shows some differences (size and number of spherulites). The potential impact of these differences on local mechanical characterization, at the lamella scale, is explored and tends to demonstrate the development of homogeneous microstructure, leading to well-controlled and relevant local mechanical properties. This approach increases the understanding of crystallisation of PET and recycled PET during forming processes such as thermoforming or injection stretch blow moulding (ISBM) where elongation at break can depend on the microstructure conditioned by the crystallisation process.
An Updated Overview of Existing Cancer Databases and Identified Needs
Authors: Austin Brittany , Firooz Ali , Valafar Homayoun , Blenda Anna V.
Published: July 2023

Our search of existing cancer databases aimed to assess the current landscape and identify key needs. We analyzed 71 databases, focusing on genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and glycomics. We found a lack of cancer-related lipidomic and glycomic databases, indicating a need for further development in these areas. Proteomic databases dedicated to cancer research were also limited. To assess overall progress, we included human non-cancer databases in proteomics, lip-idomics, and glycomics for comparison. This provided insights into advancements in these fields over the past eight years. We also analyzed other types of cancer databases, such as clinical trial databases and web servers. Evaluating user-friendliness, we used the FAIRness principle to assess findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability. This ensured databases were easily accessible and usable. Our search summary highlights significant growth in cancer databases while identifying gaps and needs. These insights are valuable for researchers, clinicians, and database developers, guiding efforts to enhance accessibility, integration, and usability. Addressing these needs will support advancements in cancer research and benefit the wider cancer community.
Effect of Residue Acrylic Monomers in Synthesized Solvent-Free Photoreactive Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives on Main Properties of Transfer Tapes Applied to Joining Wooden Elements
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Bartkowiak Marcin , Krystofiak Tomasz
Published: July 2023

This publication describes the influence of residue monomers in synthesized pressure-sensitive adhesives based on acrylics on main performance such as tack, peel adhesion, shear strength and shrinkage in form of transfer tapes used for joining wooden elements in furniture industry. The discussed carrier-free adhesive tapes are synthesized by photo-crosslinking and photopolymerization with UV radiation of photoreactive prepolymers sandwiched between two adhesive siliconized polyester films. The simultaneous crosslinking and polymerization process under UV lamps carried out under UV lamps placed simultaneously above and below the crosslinked photoreactive polymer layer leads to the production of a carrier-free adhesive film. In this test series it were investigated to what how the intensity of UV radiation and the time of its exposure affect the viscosity of photoreactive compositions, and then the content of unreacted monomers in them and, subsequently, the method of their crosslinking and polymerization, and the concentration of the photoreactive crosslinking compound leading to the obtaining of transfer adhesive tapes, and thus on their tray, peel adhesion, shear strength and shrinkage on the surface of the wood.
Syntaxonomy of charophyte algal communities in the eastern part of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov (Russia)
Authors: Afanasyev Dmitry F. , Berezenko Natalia S. , Barinova Sophia , Abdullin Shamil R.
Published: July 2023

Within the eastern part of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, the vegetation of charophytes was studied using the Brown-Blanquet approach. For the first time, five communities are described, including three associations and two subassociations from the alliance Charion canescentis Krausch 1964, the order Charetalia intermediae Sauer 1937, and the class Charetea intermediae F. Fukarek 1961. Diagnoses of the described syntaxa are given. A comparison with the Baltic and Mediterranean communities of charophytes is made. It is shown that all the Azov-Black Sea communities with the dominance of charophytes, in contrast to Western European ones, include Lamprothamnium papulosum with high constancy. At the same time, the communities of the southern seas of Russia are characterized by a lower occurrence and abundance of higher aquatic plants (except for Nanozostera noltei) and a slightly higher occurrence of red and green algae. An indirect ordination analysis showed the ecological isolation of the described phytocenoses and revealed two main factors influencing the floristic composition of communities – the granulometric composition of bottom sediments and water eutrophication.
Optical Remote Sensing Ship Classification and Recognition based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Jian Jun , Liu Long , Zhang Yingxiang , Xu Ke , Yang Jiaxuan
Published: July 2023

Due to the special characteristics of the shooting distance and angle of remote sensing satellites, the pixel area ratio of ship targets is small and the feature expression is insufficient, which leads to unsatisfactory ship detection performance and even situations such as missed detection and false detection. In this study, we propose an improved-YOLOv5 algorithm. The improvement strategies mainly include: (1) Add the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) into the Backbone to enhance the extraction of target-adaptive optimal features; (2) Introduce cross-layer connection channel and lightweight GSConv structure into the Neck to achieve higher-level multi-scale feature fusion and reduce the number of model parameters; (3) The Wise-IoU loss function is used to cal-culate the localization loss in the Output, and assign reasonable gradient gains to cope with dif-ferences in image quality. In addition, during the preprocessing stage of experimental data, a me-dian and bilateral filter method is used for noise reduction to reduce interference from ripples and waves and highlight the information of ship features. The experimental results show that Im-proved-YOLOv5 has a significant improvement in recognition accuracy compared to various mainstream target detection algorithms; Compared to the original YOLOv5s, the mean Average Precision (mAP) has improved by 3.2% and the Frames Per Second (FPN) has accelerated by 8.7%.
The Key Role of Mitochondria on Somatic Stem Cell Differentiation: From Mitochondrial Asymmetric Apportioning to Cell Fate
Authors: Amato Ilario , Meurant Sébastien , Renard Patricia
Published: July 2023

The study of the mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation is under intensive research, and includes the contribution of a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. While mitochondrial biogenesis has been previously demonstrated in number of differentiation models, it is only recently that the role of mitochondrial dynamics has started to be explored. The discovery of asymmetric distribution of mitochondria in stem cell progeny has still strengthened the interest for the field. This review attempts to summarize the regulation of mitochondrial asymmetric apportioning by the mitochondrial fusion, fission and mitophagy processes, as well as to emphasize how asymmetric mitochondrial apportioning in stem cells affects their metabolism, and thus epigenetics, and determines cell fate.
Immediate and Short-Term Effects on Pain and Multiplanar Active Cervical Range of Motion of an Elastic Taping Application on the Neck
Authors: Russo Luca , Panessa Tommaso , Bartolucci Paolo , Raggi Andrea , Larion Alin , Migliaccio Gian Mario , Padulo Johnny
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to measure the effects on 3D active cervical Range of Motion (ACROM) and perceived pain of a n elastic taping (ET) application in the cervical area. Thirty participants (n: 22M and 8F, age 35.4±4.4 years; body height 173.1±8.4 cm; body mass 73.5±12.8 kg) for the study group (SG) and twenty subjects (n: 11M and 9F, age 32.6±3.9 years; body height 174.9±10.9 cm; body mass 71.2±12.9 kg) for the control group (CG) were recruited. All subjects were symptomatic for neck and cervical pain in baseline condition. Each group performed on ACROM test and the perceived pain on neck basing as Numerical Rating Scale (NRS 0-10, a.u.): at the baseline (T0); after 20' from ET application (T1); after three days of wearing the ET application (T2). Between T0 and T1 an ET was applied on the cervical area of the SG participants. Statistical analysis did not show any significant change in CG in any measurement session for ACROM and neck pain parameters. Conversely, the SG showed significant improvements for ACROM rotation left (T0 64.8 ± 7.7° - T2 76.0 ± 11.1° p < 0.000) and right (T0 66.0 ± 11.9° - T2 74.2 ± 9.6° p < 0.000); lateral inclination left (T0 37.5 ± 6.9° - T2 40.6 ± 10.8° p < 0.000) and right (T0 36.5 ± 7.9° - T2 40.9 ± 5.2° p < 0.000); flexion posterior (T0 47.0 ± 12.9° - T2 55.1 ± 12.3° p < 0.001) and anterior (T0 55.0 ± 3.6° - T2 62.9 ± 12.0° p < 0.006). A significant decrease was measure also in SG for pain NRS between T0 and T2 (T0 7.5 ± 1.0° - T1 5.5 ± 1.4 - T2 1.4 ± 1.5° p < 0.000). In conclusion, the results of this study underline the usefulness of a bilateral and symmetrical ET cervical application in terms to enhance multiplanar ACROM and to reduce subjective self-perceived cervical pain when it is needed. These findings can be applied for managing musculoskeletal health of different kind of individuals.
Prediction of Pubertal Mandibular Growth in Males with Class II Malocclusion by Utilizing Machine Learning
Authors: Zakhar Grant , Hazime Samir , Eckert George , Wong Ariel , Badirli Sarkhan , Turkkahraman Hakan
Published: July 2023

The goal was to create a novel machine learning (ML) model which can predict the magnitude and direction of pubertal mandibular growth in males with Class II malocclusion. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 123 males at three time points (T1: 12, T2: 14, T3: 16 years old) were collected from an online database of longitudinal growth studies. Each radiograph was traced, and 7 different ML models were trained using 38 data points obtained from 92 subjects. 31 subjects were used as a test group, to predict post-pubertal mandibular length and Y-axis using input data from T1 and T2 combined (2-year prediction), and T1 alone (4-year prediction). Mean absolute errors (MAEs) were used to evaluate the accuracy of each model. For all ML methods tested using the 2-year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.11-6.07mm and 0.85-2.74° for the Y-axis. For all ML methods tested with 4-year prediction, the MAEs for post-pubertal mandibular length ranged from 2.32-5.28 mm and 1.25-1.72° for the Y-axis. Besides its initial length, the most predictive factors for mandibular length were found to be chronological age, upper and lower face heights, upper and lower incisor positions and inclinations. For the Y-axis, the most predictive factors were found to be Y-axis at earlier time points, SN-MP, SN-Pog, SNB and SNA. Whilst the potential of ML techniques to accurately forecast future mandibular growth in Class II cases is promising, a requirement for more substantial sample sizes exists to further enhance the precision of these predictions.
Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of the Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of Mexican Gynecologists and Family Physicians.
Authors: Lopatynsky-Reyes Erika Zoe , Chacon-Cruz Enrique , Greenberg Michael , Clemens Ralf , Clemens Sue Ann Costa
Published: July 2023

Influenza in pregnancy is associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccines are safe and effective in pregnancy. There are no Mexican surveys in physicians on knowledge, beliefs, and practices towards influenza and influenza immunization during pregnancy. A 32 questions cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted addressing general knowledge of influenza, as well as beliefs and practices regarding influenza vaccination during pregnancy among Mexican physicians responsible for prenatal care, traditionally Obstetricians (OBGYNs), and Family Physicians (FPs). A total of 206 surveys were available, 98 (47.6%) from OBGYNs, and 108 (52.4%) from FPs representing an estimated 2,472 daily pregnancy consultations. 54 from 206 (26.2%) weren´t aware that influenza is more severe during pregnancy, 106 from 206 (51.5%) ignored the potential side effects of influenza infection on the fetus, and 56.8% did not know when to vaccinate pregnant women. Pregnancy as a risk factor for developing influenza complications was known only by 99 from 206(48.1%), and 6.1 % believed that vaccination does not confer protection to the fetus. Current beliefs of Mexican OBGYNs and FPs for both influenza morbidity and mortality, and the importance of influenza vaccination during pregnancy, is suboptimal. Understanding drivers for beliefs should be assessed to improve influenza vaccination recommendations, as knowledge alone is not sufficient.
Preparation and Characterization of Ferulic Acid-Wheat Gluten Nanofiber Films with Excellent Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Jin Chengming , Zhang Huijuan , Ren Feiyue , Wang Jing , Yin Sheng
Published: July 2023

In this study, composite nanofiber films comprising polyvinyl alcohol, wheat gluten, and glucose (PWG) were fabricated using electrospinning, followed by cross-linking via the Maillard cross-linking. Various mass concentrations of ferulic acid (FA) were incorporated into the PWG films. The results indicate that the average diameter of the FA-PWG films decreased from 449 nm to 331 nm as the concentration of FA increased, until reaching a concentration of 12%, after which a significant increase in diameter was observed. Subsequent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results suggested that FA was distributed in the sample films in an amorphous form through hydrogen and ester bonds. Additionally, release experiments and antimicrobial tests on FA-PWG sample films showed good con-trolled release of FA and excellent anti-Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus activity of this film. These findings all indicate that the FA-PWG nanofiber film is a potential candidate for food active packaging.
Defucosylated Monoclonal Antibody (H2Mab-139-mG2a-f) Exerted Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Breast Cancers against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ohishi Tomokazu , Nanamiya Ren , Kawada Manabu , Kaneko Mika K , Kato Yukinari
Published: July 2023

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), trastuzumab and pertuzumab, were clinically approved. We previously developed a highly sensitive and specific anti-HER2 mAb, H2Mab-139 (mouse IgG1, kappa). In this study, we produced a defucosylated IgG2a version of anti‑HER2 mAb (H2Mab-139-mG2a-f) to enhance ADCC-mediated antitumor activity. H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exhibits a high binding affinity in flow cytometry with the dissociation constant (KD) determined to be 3.9 × 10‑9 M and 7.7 × 10‑9 M against HER2‑overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO/HER2) and HER2-positive BT-474 cells, respectively. Moreover, we showed that H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exerted ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against CHO/HER2 and BT-474 cells in vitro and exhibited potent antitumor activities in the xenograft models. These results indicated that H2Mab-139-mG2a-f exerts antitumor effects against HER2-positive human breast cancers and could be useful for an antibody treatment regimen for HER2-positive human cancers.
Multi-NDE Technology Approach to Improve Interpretation of Corrosion in Concrete Bridge Decks Based on Electrical Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Khudhair Mustafa , Gucunski Nenad
Published: July 2023

This research aimed to improve the interpretation of electrical resistivity (ER) results in concrete bridge decks by utilizing results from multiple nondestructive evaluations (NDE) techniques in machine learning algorithms. To achieve this, a parametric study was first conducted using numerical simulations to investigate the effect of various parameters on ER measurements, such as the degree of saturation, corrosion length, delamination depth, concrete cover, and the moisture condition of delamination. A data set from this study was used to build a machine-learning algorithm based on the Random Forest methodology. This algorithm was then implemented on data collected from a bridge deck in the BEAST® facility. The presented results demonstrate an improvement in the interpretation of ER measurements using data from other NDE technologies.