bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPONTANEOUS MAGNETIZATION OF SMALL PARTICLE SPIN SYSTEM
Authors: SUN JI-RONG  , SHEN ZHONG-YI  , LIU YONG  , PU FU-KE  ,   中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: November 2020

Based upon the spin wave theory, the spontaneous magnetization of small particle system at low temperatures is studied by means of solving the Heisenberg model directly. Investigations show that the spin waves are frozen out at ultra-low temperature, and the Bloch T3/2 law is no longer correct in any region of temperature. At the same time, the distribution of the probability for spins to be activated versus positions is obtained, which indicates that there exists no spin layers with obviously high probability to flip.
AN IN-SITU STUDY OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING Mo FILM
Authors: JI HANG  , ZHAO TE-XIU  , WANG XIAO-PING  , DONG YI  ,   中国科学技术大学物理系,合肥230026
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we report the in-situ study of the dependence of electrical resistivity of magnetron sputtering Mo film on the thickness. We measured the electrical resistivity of Mo film by vacuum measurement. After theoretical computer fitting, we obtained the t heoretical curve of the dependence of resistivity of Mo film on the thickness. We compared the theoretical curve with the experimental curve, the results show that when the thickness is large, there is a very small diversity between the theory of Fuchs-Sordbeimer of resistivity and the present thickness dependence of electrical resistivity. If the effect of grain boundary is considered, the result will agree with the Fuchs-Sordbeimer theory very well in small thickness. We also found that the process of conductance is the thermal electron emission, when the film is not a successive film.
INVERSE OPERATOR METHOD FOR SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOME TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: FANG JIN-QING  , YAO WEI-GUANG  ,   中国原子能科学研究所,北京102413
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the inverse operator method (IOM) is described briefly. We have realized the IOM for the solutions of nonlinear dynamical equations by the mathematics-mechanization (MM) with computers. They can then offer a new and powerful method applicable to many areas of physics. We have applied them successfully to study the chaotic behaviors of some nonlinear dynamical equations. As typical examples, the well-known Lorentz equation, generalized Duffing equation and two coulped generalized Duffing equations are investigated by the use of the IOM and the MM. The results are in good agreement with those given by Runge-Kutta method. So the IOM realized by the MM is of potential application valuable in nonlinear physics and many other fields.
WAVE FUNCTION OF FREE ELECTRON IN A STRONG LASER PLASMA
Authors: ZHU SHI-TONG  , SHEN WEN-DA  , GUO QI-ZHI  ,   (1)上海科学技术大学物理系,上海201800; (2)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,上海201800
Published: November 2020

The wave function of free electron in a strong laser plasma is obtained by solving exactly the Dirac equation in a curved space-time with optical metric for the laser plasma. When the laser field is diminshed to zero, the wave function is naturally reduced to relativistic wave function of free electron. The possible application of the wave function is discussed.
STUDY THE DIFFUSION MECHANISM OF Ni IN AMORPHOUS Si BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Authors: WANG WEI-HUA  , BAI HAI-YANG  , ZHANG YUN  , CHEN HONG  , WANG WEN-KUI  ,   (1)中国科学院国际材料物理中心,沈阳110015;中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: November 2020

he diffusion mechanism of the Ni in amorphous Si was studied by in situ X-ray diffraction technique in amorphous Ni/Si multilayer. The temperature dependent diffusivity of Ni in amorphous Si was obtained in the form of Arrheneius relationship. A trap-retarded interstitial diffusion mechanism is suggested to explain the diffusion process of Ni in amorphous Si.
A STUDY OF THE SYSTEMATICS FOR (n,T) AND (n, 3He) REACTION CROSS SECTIONS AT 14 MeV
Authors: YAO LI-SHAN  , JIN YU-LING  , CAI DUN-JIU  ,   (1)陕西师范大学物理系,西安710062; (2)中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413
Published: November 2020

The systematics charaters of the (n,T) and (n,3He)reaction cross sections have been studied. On the basis of odd-even effect, the systematics formulae of the reaction cross sections are obtained as σu,q=(A1/3+1)2aexp[β(N-Z+δ)/A]. A set of fitting empirical para meters by using the least square method are extracted. For the (n,T) reactions, α and β values are 327.602, 9.592 and -24.495,-14.038, respectively; for (n,3He) reactions, α and β values are 0.918 and -11.340, respectiv ely The (n, T) and (n, 3He) reaction cross sections of some nuclei are calculated by using the theoretical model, and a good agreement with existing data are obtained. In addition, the Ω-value effect and possible reaction mechanism are also discussed.
A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCING MECHANISM OF HF, HC1 H2SO4, HAC ON PE LIQUID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE BY MEANS OF SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING
Authors: SUN RUN-CUANG  , ZHANG JING  , WANG DE-HUA  , WANG FENG-RAN  , WANG ZI-HAO  ,   (1)陕西师范大学实验中心,西安710062; (2)西安市化工研究所
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the results of inves'igation on the influence of HF, HC1, H2SO4 and HAC on the liquid crystal structure of phosph tidyle-thandamine(PE) by means of the me-thod of small angle x-ray scattering method. The experiment shows that: HF exhibits the me-chanism that makes PE liquid crystal sta'e to transform into C phase; HC1 exhibits the me-chanism of transforming into LH phase; H results in La phase; and HAC results in LH phase via La phase.
A METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING EVERY ORTHONORMAL EIGENSTATES SYSTEM OF αN
Authors: SHI WEI-CHUN  , CHANG JIAN-BIN  , HAN SHI-JIE  ,   (1)东北林业大学计算中心,哈尔滨150040; (2)东北林业大学物理系,哈尔滨150040
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a method for constructing every orthonormal eigenstates system of αN is given with N basic vecrors of coherent states |a exp(i2πn/N) > (n = 0,1, … N-1). Squeezing and antibunching in these states are studied. The results show that αN have the orthonormal eigenstates system which exhibits amplitude m-th (m<N) power squeezing and antibunching.
EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENT La ON GLASS FORM-ING ABILITY AND T HERMOST ABILITY OF Ni-B-Si METALLIC GLASS
Authors: XING LI-QIAN  , ZHAO DE-QIAN  , CHEN XI-CHENG  , CHEN XI-SHEN  , YANG GEN-CANG  , ZHOU YAO-HE  ,   (1)西北工业大学,西安710072; (2)中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080
Published: November 2020

Small amount of rare-earth elements may have negative effects on the formation of some metallic glass alloys. The rare-earth elements may react with some atoms of the alloys to form compounds of high melting points or be absorbed on the surfaces of the heterogeneous catalysts in the alloys to activate the heterogeneous nucleation. In this case, the rare-earth elements have no effects on enhancing the stability of the metallic glass phase but enhance the heterogeneous nucleation and decrease the metallic glass forming ability and thermostability.
LENGTH-BIT-RATE PRODUCT LIMIT DUE TO GAIN NOISE IN OPTICAL SOLITON COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: YANG XIANG-LIN  , CHEN JIAN  ,   东南大学电子学系,南京210018
Published: November 2020

The system's product of length with bit rate is limited by the Gordon-Haus effect of pulse arrival time in the all-optical soliton communication systems with energy compensated periodically. We analyze effect of perturbation on the group velocity shift in a lossy fiber, and jitter of the soliton arrival time caused by gain noise in a lumped or distributed energy compensated system. The maximum length-bit-rate product is thus estimated. The result shows that in a practical system the maximum length-bit-rate product in a distributed energy compensated system is generally over twice as much as that in a lumped one.
SOLITON CHARACTERISTICS OF GAUSSIAN OPTICAL PULSES PROPAGATION IN THE NONLINEAR GAIN MEDIUM
Authors: SUN JUN-QIANG  , HUANG DE-XIU  , LI ZAI-GUANG  ,   (1)华中理工大学光电子工程系,武汉430074; (2)华中理工大学激光技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074
Published: November 2020

In this paper, propagation of Gaussian optical pulses in the nonlinear gain medium is ana-lyzed theoretically. The mechanism of Gaussian optical pulses compression, broadening and optical soliton formation is also explained. Gaussian optical pulses with different parameters propagating in nonlinear gain medium are simulated with computer. The change of pulse width during the propagation is obtained. The results indicate that it is possible for the ini-tial Gaussian optical pulses with different peak power to form different order solitons in the medium, nevertheless, their propagation distance is limited due to the existence of gain.
A STUDY ON PARAMETERS OF THE ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND IONS ( I )——INTRODUCTION OF k COEFFICIENT AND ADJUSTMENT OF THE NUMBER OF NODES
Authors: ZHENG NENG-WU  , LI GUO-SHENG  ,   中国科学技术大学应用化学系,合肥230026
Published: November 2020

From comparing the energy expression within the quantum defect theory (QDT) and the theory of the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), we try to introduce a ad-justing coefficient k which can reflect the screening effects in the real atomic or ionic system. The calculation of expectation values of the radius and others shows that the coefficient k in-troduced not only makes accurate the describing of Rydbery series when using the parameters of isoelectronic series ; but also reveals the difference and relation between these two series. Another main content of this paper is about the adjustment of the number of nodes in eigen-functions of the valence electrons for atoms.
A STUDY ON PARAMETERS OF THE ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND IONS ( Ⅱ )——CALCULATIONS OF THE TRANSITION PROBABILITIES AND OSCILLATOR STRENGTHS
Authors: ZHENG NENG-WU  , LI GUO-SHENG  ,   中国科学技术大学应用化学系,合肥230026
Published: November 2020

Following the method of the adjusting coefficient k we introduced and using the simple analytical wavefunction within the weakest bound electron potential model (WBEPM), the transition results of each member in the isoelectronic series only vary with its nucleus charge number Z. So we can conveniently calculate the transition probabilities of Li I and the oscil-lator strengths of the 3-electron series. The comparisons with other methods show that not only the regularity of transitions in the isoelectronic series is reflected, but also a more accu-rate result could be obtained. The WBEPM theory with adjusting coefficient k can provide good trial wavefunctions for detailed atomic calculations, particularly for the study of isoelectronic series.
THE MUTUAL DIFFUSION AND ABNORMAL RESISTIVITY BEHAVIOUR IN ANNEALED a-Ge/Pb LAYER
Authors: LI YU-ZHI  , XU CUN-YI  , ZHOU GUI-EN  , LIU HONG-BAO  , ZHANG YU-HENG  ,   中国科学技术大学结构分析开放研究实验室,合肥230026
Published: November 2020

We have studied behaviour of a-Ge/Pb layers after annealing at different temperatures. We obtained: (1) Pb induced amorphous Ge to crystalize. (2) There are two diffusion mecha-nism in the annealing a-Ge/Pb layers. (3) For a-Ge/Pb 200nm/100nm layers, preferred orientation Pb are recrystalllized in annealing. We also explained abnormal behaviour of resistivity during the annealing of layers.
SIMULATION OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN REST FLOW AND COUETTE FLOW BY USING 12 BIT LATTICE GAS AUTOMATON MODEL
Authors: LIU MU-REN  , KONG LING-JIANG  ,   广西师范大学物理系,桂林541001
Published: November 2020

To understand thermal properties in lattice gas automata, a twelve bit multispeed model on hexagonal lattice is used to simulate rest flow and Couette flow. Simulating results are compared with theoretical results and some useful conclusion are drawn.
SPECIAL SOLUTION OF SECOND HARMONIC WAVE EQUATION IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS AND APPLICATIONS TO BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEM
Authors: QIAN ZU-WEN  ,   中国科学院声学研究所,北京100080
Published: November 2020

Based on the perturbation theory, an investigation on reflection and refraction of nonlinear wave on a boundary in fluids or solids was carried out a familiar result was obtained that the second harmonic wave always satisfies an inhomogeneous wave equation. In order to find its special solution, the method of separated variables as well as Lagrange's method of variation parameters were invoked , and a trouble to the boundary-value problem of nonlinear acoustics will consequently result in that a separation constant is to be determined. In this paper , the constant was determined and the special solution was given uniquely. It is shown that a paradox will occur unless we select a special solution from the following two solutions, which are accumulation along the direction either parallel to or perpendicular to the boundary plane. Whether one can be selected depends on the boundary situation. By using the theory, the reflection and the refraction on a plane boundary were analysed. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this theory can deal with all of the boundary-value problems in nonlinear acoustics.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM SPIN GLASS THEORY (Ⅱ)——STABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors: YI LIN  , YAO KAI-LUN  ,   (1)华中理工大学物理系和激光技术国家实验室,武汉430074; (2)中国高等科学技术中心(世界实验室)
Published: November 2020

Based on our previous work, introducing an extended Goldbart ansatz, all eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix in our three-dimensional spin glass model are obtained. It is found that the vanishing smallest eigenvalue λ3 has two solutions, which correspond to the Gabay-Toulouse (GT) upper and Almeida-Thouless (AT) lower critical lines respectively. Finally, the relation between our theory and other method is discussed.
QUANTUM TRANSPORT EQUATION FOR SPIN GLASS SYSTEMS
Authors: YI LIN  , YAO KAI-LUN  ,   (1)华中理工大学物理系; (2)华中理工大学物理系,中国高等科学技术中心(世界实验室)
Published: November 2020

The static Mahan-H?nsch quantum transport equation in applied magnetic fields is extended to spin glass systems through introducing physical self-energies of elastic and inelastic scattering. In the quasi-elastic scattering limit, the Hall conductivity for spin glass model with the s-d exchange interaction between electrons and localized moments is evaluated by using this equation. The relation between resistivity and the Edwards-Anderson (EA) spin glass parameter and local susceptibility is obtained. Finally, thermoelectric power of spin glass::s and some interesting characteristic temperatures are discussed.
SYMMETRY ALGEBRA OF THE KAUP-KUPERSHMIDT EQUATION
Authors: HAN PING  , LOU SEN-YUE  ,   (1)宁波师范学院物理系,中国科学院理论物理研究所,中国高等科学技术中心(世界实验室); (2)舟山师范专科学校物理系
Published: November 2020

Using the Miura and Cole-Hopf transformations, we prove that ten sets of time independent symmetries of the Kaup-Kupershmidt equation constitute a non-Abelian Lie algebra. Ten hierarchies of equations corresponding to these ten sets of symme-tries possess a common strong symmetry. The time independent symmetries of ten hierarchies of integrable models and the Lie algebras constituted by these symmetries are also given.
STUDY OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAVILY BORON DOPED Si EPILAYER AFTER RAPID THERMAL ANNEALING
Authors: YUAN JIAN  , LU FANG  , SUN HENG-HUI  , WEI XING  , YANG MIN  , HUANG DA-MING  , XU HONG-LAI  , SHEN HONG-LIE  , ZOU SHI-CHANG  ,   (1)复旦大学李政道物理学综合实验室和物理系; (2)复旦大学应用表面物理国家重点实验室; (3)中国科学院上海冶金研究所信息功能材料国家重点实验室
Published: November 2020

The effect of rapid thermal annealing on the electrical properties of heavily boron doped Si epilayer grown by molecular beam epitaxy and coevaporation of B２Ｏ3 is studied. It is found that an increment of carrier concentration by a factor of 4 and an improvement of the Hall mobility equivalent to that of bulk Si at the same doping concentration are achieved by annealing at 1100℃ for 10s. The rapid thermal annealing process does not affect the steep distribution of carrier concentration at the epilayer/substrate interface which differs about 6 order of magnitude across the interface with the leading edge slope of 25-30nm /decade.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY MECHANISM OF NON-CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: YU CHAO-FAN  , CHEN BIN  , HE GUO-ZHU  ,   (1)南开大学物理系; (2)南开大学物理系,广东教育学院物理系; (3)南开数学研究所理论物理部
Published: November 2020

Based on the singly occupied a-picture and the mechanism of charge fluctuation, the effective Hamiltonian of two-band Hubbard model is derived by using the degeneracy perturbation theory for the non-cuprate comoound Ｂａ1-xＫxＢｉＯ3. By considering the next neighbour pairing of two opposite spin holes in coordinate space, the Green's function equation of motion and superconductivity equation are obtained. Furthermore, how the superexchange interaction and the hopping energy affect the next neighbour pairing has been explained reasonably, and the superconductivity window is due to the Cooper pairing in coordinate space.
THERMODYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE ISING MODEL WITH FERROMAGNETIC AND ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
Authors: HUANG DONG  , WENG YONG-GANG  ,   (1)河南广播电视大学理工系; (2)郑州大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Using the integral equation method, we have got the analytic expressions of the internal energy and specific heat for the one-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbour antiferromagnetic repulsion Js and infinitely long-range exponential (Kae-Helfand-type) ferromagnetic attraction J1 acting only on even-numbered neighbours. Under the conditions of J1=1 and Js being 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 respectively, we have drawn the curves of the internal energy and specific heat varying with temperature in zero external magnetic field, and pointed out its critical phase transition point. Under the conditions of J1=1,Js=0.1, we have drawn the curves of influence of the external magnetic field upon the internal energy and specific heat. Because there exist double solutions for the system under low temperatures, zero or weak external magnetic field and weaker antiferromagnetic interactions, it is inferred that there should exist another quasi-stable state of the model under the given conditions.
STRESS-OPTICAL BEHAVIORS OF OPTICALLY HETERO-GENEOUS FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Authors: ZHANG WU  , WANG YAN  ,   西北工业大学化学工程系
Published: November 2020

The polarizing optical behaviors and the stress-optical behaviors of optically heterogeneous fiber reinforced composites were studied. It was discovered that the light intensity vs azimuth curves (I-θ curves) consist of no more than three main variables, the zero, 2nd, and 4th variable, and can be represented in terms of these three variables with 5ma11 error. The more important point of this paper is the correlation of the 4th variable of I∥-θ curves(// here stands for the testing condition of the plane polariscopes with dark field) with stress. It was discovered that the value of the 4th modulus changes sinusoidally with the change in principal stress difference, (σ1-σ2∥), and the initial phase angle of the 4th variable coincides with the principal birefringent direction. Based on these experimental results, an equivalent birefringence theory was proposed as a substitution for conventional birefringence in the heterogeneous field.
FRACTURE STRENGTH STUDIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND FILMS PRODUCED BY DC PLASMA CVD
Authors: LIAO KE-JUN  , WANG WAN-LU  ,   兰州大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The fracture strength of Polycrystalline diamond films produced by DC plasma CVD is investigated. The fracture strength of circular diamond film was measuned by a burst pressune technique. Experimental results have shown that the fracture strength is considerably dependent on grain size, sample thickness, apertune radius, methane concentration and substrate temperature. The results have also been discussed.
QUANTUM GROUP Uq(SU( 1，1))，UNIVERSAL R MATRIX AND CASIMIR INVARIANT
Authors: ZHANG YAO-ZHONG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In this paper a method of direct derivation for the universal R matrix of quantum group Uq(SU(1，1)) is given. It is simple and efficient for quantum groups of low rank at least. By the application of the R matrix obtained, the explicit expression for Casimir invariant of the above guantum group is given. As an application, the second order Casimir operator is rederived as well.
THEORY OF TWO-PHOTEN PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT
Authors: TANG ZHI-LIE  , LIN LI-ZHONG  ,   (1)云南大学物理系; (2)云南教育学院物理系
Published: November 2020

The theoretical analysis of two-photon photoacoustic effect is presented. The wave equation of two-photon photoacoustic efffct is derived. And the general expre-ssion of two-photon photoacoustic effect is given.
GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF C60 SINGLE CRYSTAL
Authors: HE PI-MO  , XU YA-BO  , LI HAI-YANG  , QI ZHONG-PU  , CAI LIAN-ZHEN  ,   浙江大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The C60 single crystals up to mm-size were grown. X-ray diffraction result shows that C60 single crystal is of fcc structure, with lattice parameter of 1.413 nm. An abrupt change of conductivity (at 251K) related to the phase transition shows that C60 single crystal is of high purity and homogeneity. A drop of activation energy around 274K was observed. This activation energy drop may be an indication of another phase transition.
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION FOR Si(00l) SURFACE
Authors: JIA ZHENG-MING  , YANG GEN-QING  , CHENG ZHAO-NIAN  , LIU XIANG-HUAI  , ZOU SHI-CHANG  ,   中国科学院上海冶金研究所离子束开放研究实验室,上海200050
Published: November 2020

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to obtain the two-dimensional pair correlation functions of Si(001) surface and deeper layers. The atoms interact via a potential developed by Stillinger and Weber, which includes both two-body and three-body contributions. The results show that the atoms in deeper layers still remain at their(001) atomic plane lattice sites, while the atoms in surface layer are rearranged, and a large part of them form bonding and the bond length is 0.2, 40nm. The relaxation problems have also been discussed.
ANALYSIS TO EFFECT OF MAIN FACTORS ON RESOLUTION INVOLVED IN X-RAY HOLO-GRAM RECORDING
Authors: ZHU PEI-PING  , XIAO TI-QIAO  , CHEN JIAN-WEN  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
Published: November 2020

Some main factors having influence on the resolution of X-ray holograms are analyzed theoretically. The smalles resolving distance of X-ray lensless Fourier transform holograms can not be less than the radius of the focus spot of the X-ray condenser or the filter aperture used in recording, and the resolution of X-ray in-line holograms can not be higher than the cutoff frequency of recording material, under the condition that X-ray is perfectly coherent. Relationships between the coherent length required by X-ray lensless Fourier transform holography and the resolution, and the radius of the object are quadric; and the coherent length requested by X-ray in-line holography is proportional to the square of the resolution and does not change with the size of object, under the condition that X-ray is partially coherent. With the resolution of X-ray holograms raised, the reguired coherent length will be increased by a large amount.
SCATTERING AND ENERGY LOSS FOR SLOW MOLECU-LAR IONS IN ELECTRON GASES IN SOLIDS
Authors: WANG YOU-NIAN  , MA TENG-CAI  ,   大连理工大学三束材料改性国家重点实验室
Published: November 2020

With the theory of electron-molecule scattering, we have investigated the scattering and energy loss for slow diatomic molecular ions in electron gases in solids and discussed the influence of the coherence effects between two ions to the energy loss. The scattering phase shifts are calculated using atomic IPM potential and the variable phase method. The stopping powers for atomic ions are compared with the results given by the nonlinear density-functional theory.
Effectiveness of specific stabilization exercise compared with traditional trunk exercise in women with non-specific low back pain: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Minobes-Molina Eduard , Nogués Maria Rosa , Giralt Montse , Casajuana Carme , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Jerez-Roig Javier , Romeu Marta
Published: November 2020

Background

Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The primary physiotherapeutic treatment for LBP is physical exercise, but evidence suggesting a specific exercise as most appropriate for any given case is limited.

Objective

To determine if specific stabilization exercise (SSE) is more effective than traditional trunk exercise (TTE) in reducing levels of pain, disability and inflammation in women with non-specific low back pain (LBP).

Design

A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in Rovira i Virgili University, Catalonia.

Methods

Thirty-nine females experiencing non-specific LBP were included in two groups: the TTE program and SSE program, both were conducted by a physiotherapist during twenty sessions. The primary outcome was pain intensity (10-cm Visual Analogue Scale). Secondary outcomes were disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels). Measurements were taken at baseline, at half intervention, at post-intervention, and a month later.

Results

Mean group differences in change from baseline to post-intervention for TTE were: −4.5 points (CI 3.3 to 5.6) for pain, −5.1 points (CI 3.0 to 7.3) for disability, 0.19 pg/mL (95% CI [−1.6–1.2]) for IL-6 levels, and 46.2 pg/mL (CI 13.0 to 85.3) for TNF-α levels. For SSE, differences were: −4.3 points (CI 3.1 to 5.6) for pain, −6.1 points (CI 3.7 to 8.6) for disability, 1.1 pg/mL (CI 0.0 to 2.1) for IL-6 levels , and 12.8 pg/mL (95% CI [−42.3–16.7]) for TNF-α levels. There were an insignificant effect size and no statistically significant overall mean differences between both groups.

Conclusion

This study suggests that both interventions (traditional trunk and specific stabilization exercises) are effective in reducing pain and disability in non-specific LBP patients, but the two programs produce different degrees of inflammation change.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT02103036.
The mRNA landscape profiling reveals potential biomarkers associated with acute kidney injury AKI after kidney transplantation
Authors: Bi Hui , Zhang Min , Wang Jialin , Long Gang
Published: November 2020

Background

This study aims to identify potential biomarkers associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) post kidney transplantation.

Material and Methods

Two mRNA expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus repertory were downloaded, including 20 delayed graft function (DGF) and 68 immediate graft function (IGF) samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between DGF and IGF group. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction analysis was performed to extract hub genes. The key genes were searched by literature retrieval and cross-validated based on the training dataset. An external dataset was used to validate the expression levels of key genes. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to evaluate diagnostic performance of key genes for AKI.

Results

A total of 330 DEGs were identified between DGF and IGF samples, including 179 up-regulated and 151 down-regulated genes. Of these, OLIG3, EBF3 and ETV1 were transcription factor genes. Moreover, LEP, EIF4A3, WDR3, MC4R, PPP2CB, DDX21 and GPT served as hub genes in PPI network. EBF3 was significantly up-regulated in validation GSE139061 dataset, which was consistently with our initial gene differential expression analysis. Finally, we found that LEP had a great diagnostic value for AKI (AUC = 0.740).

Conclusion

EBF3 may be associated with the development of AKI following kidney transplantation. Furthermore, LEP had a good diagnostic value for AKI. These findings provide deeper insights into the diagnosis and management of AKI post renal transplantation.
Carbazole‐Based Iridium(III) Complexes for Electrophosphorescence with EQE of 32.2% and Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Luo Xu‐Feng , Qu Zhong‐Ze , Han Hua‐Bo , Su Jian , Yan Zhi‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Min , Tong Jing‐Jing , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zuo Jing‐Lin
Published: November 2020

The integration of carbazole (Cz) unit and emissive iridium(III) complexes is a wise choice to facilitate hole injection/transport, charge balance, and achieve phosphorescent emitters for high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, three efficient Cz‐based Ir(III) complexes are synthesized and applied for OLEDs. The introduction of trifluoromethyl and trimethylsilyl units alter the photoelectric properties of these complexes, achieving photoluminescence (PL) from yellow (559 nm) to orange‐red (600 nm) with high PL quantum yields between 75% and 93% and short excited state lifetimes between 1.09 and 1.90 µs in doped thin films. Multilayer OLEDs using the three emitters exhibit highest current efficiency as high as 100.4 cd A−1 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) up to 32.2% with very low efficiency roll‐off. Even at high brightness of 5000 and 10 000 cd m−2, the device D3 still can maintain the EQE at 28.2% and 27.9%, respectively. These results indicate that these complexes incorporating Cz units are potential substituents for efficient OLEDs.
In Situ Probing of Surface Acoustic Waves by Interfacing with Lanthanide Emitters
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Yuan Yang , Chen Haisheng , Chen Wenwen , Du Xiaona , Gong Cheng , Lin Lie , Luo Wei , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2020

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are used in a broad range including electronic systems and various sensors. Especially, SAW‐based microfluidic actuations at microscale represent an effective way with unrivaled precision and technological relevance. However, it remains a daunting challenge to develop a reliable and robust method for in situ and real time probing of the acoustic propagation of SAWs. Approach‐based sophisticated equipment claims large consumption and fussy operation, and is also limited for rapid analysis inside microfluidic channels. Other emerging methods suffer from limitations associated with the reproducibility or the application scenarios. Here, a convenient approach is achieved by interfacing with lanthanide emitters. The coupling between ferroelectric host and lanthanide ions promises effective emission manipulation upon external stimuli induced by the SAWs. The photoluminescence fluctuations of lanthanide emitters reflect their interaction with the strain and piezoelectric fields accompanying the propagating SAWs. The strong correlation between the lanthanide luminescence and the acoustic fields can visualize the resonant frequency, energy flow as well as propagation loss of the propagating SAWs on demand without degrading the SAW‐based functionality. These findings would accelerate the development of SAW‐based devices owing to the added functionality provided by the SAW‐luminescence correlative character.
TCO‐Based Active Dielectric Metasurfaces Design by Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Jafar‐Zanjani Samad , Salary Mohammad Mahdi , Huynh Dat , Elhamifar Ehsan , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: November 2020

While researchers in the field of active flat optics continue to make groundbreaking progress by seeking novel materials and control systems, the complexity and sensitivity of the nanostructures that they aspire to design are unavoidably increasing. Inverse design of the popular class of transparent conducting oxide (TCO)‐based active metasurfaces is particularly challenging, largely due to the limited choice of the active materials, and sensitive physical mechanisms that give rise to their tunability. In this contribution, a new machine learning method based on a combination of the K‐means clustering algorithm and conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (cWGANs) for broadband multi‐modal inverse design of TCO‐based active metasurfaces is developed. Multi‐objective evolutionary optimization is adopted to efficiently generate a diverse training dataset of high‐performance active metasurfaces. The training dataset includes samples that operate at specific wavelengths throughout the optical telecommunications (telecom) band. K‐means algorithm is then used to extract the clusters (modes) present in the training dataset, and exclusive cWGAN models are fit on each of them. The model is capable of generating designs operating at wavelengths that are not present in the training dataset. It also provides a clear picture of the feasibility and interplay between the design objectives.
Magnetically Active Cardiac Patches as an Untethered, Non‐Blood Contacting Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Gu Hongri , Bertrand Thibaud , Boehler Quentin , Chautems Christophe , Vasilyev Nikolay V. , Nelson Bradley J.
Published: November 2020

Patients suffering from heart failure often require circulatory support using ventricular assist devices (VADs). However, most existing VADs provide nonpulsatile flow, involve direct contact between the blood flow and the device's lumen and moving components, and require a driveline to connect to an external power source. These design features often lead to complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, device thrombosis, and driveline infections. Here, a concept of magnetically active cardiac patches (MACPs) that can potentially function as non‐blood contacting, untethered pulsatile VADs inside a magnetic actuationsystem is reported. The MACPs, which are composed of permanent magnets and 3D‐printed patches, are attached to the epicardial surfaces, thus avoiding direct contact with the blood flow. They provide powerful actuation assisting native heart pumping inside a magnetic actuation system. In ex vivo experiments on a healthy pig's heart, it is shown that the ventricular ejection fractions are as high as 37% in the left ventricle and 63% in the right ventricle. Non‐blood contacting, untethered VADs can eliminate the risk of serious complications associated with existing devices, and provide an alternative solution for myocardial training and therapy for patients with heart failure.
The Hidden Potential of Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Papakonstantinou Ioannis , Portnoi Mark , Debije Michael G.
Published: November 2020

The luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), originally introduced almost four decades ago as a potential alternative/complement to silicon solar cells, has since evolved to a versatile photovoltaic (PV) solution with realistic potential for seamless integration into the urban architectural landscape. Yet, a popular perception of the device still persists: the LSC is mostly seen as just a low‐efficiency solar panel. This review challenges this outdated notion and argues that the LSC is, to the contrary, a powerful and highly adaptive photonic platform with many more capabilities and potential than only generating electricity from sunlight. The field has seen a rapidly expanding application portfolio over the last few years, with LSCs now considered in various sensing applications, “smart” windows, chemical reactors, horticulture, and even in optical communication and real‐time responsive systems. The main goal of this work is to shed light onto this alternative application space and highlight the LSC's unique spectral manipulation, light distribution, and light concentration properties, and as a result, to encourage the participation from a broader range of disciplines into LSC research with the ultimate aim of stimulating the development of novel, LSC inspired technologies.
How Hard Did That Sting? Estimating the Economic Costs of Locust Attacks on Agricultural Production†
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep
Published: November 2020

Estimates suggest that a swarm of desert locusts can consume food grains sufficient to feed up to 35,000 people. Despite the potential disaster that these migratory pests can bring about, there is no credible economic estimate of the actual damage caused by locust upsurges to agricultural production. This article takes advantage of plausibly exogenous variation generated by the timing of locust upsurges and geographic variation due to their migration patterns to estimate the impact of an upsurge on crop yields using a large district level panel dataset from India covering more than 200 districts over 45 years. I find that locust upsurges have no impact on rice yields but can lead to a decline of up to 0.2 tons of wheat production per hectare. Given that locusts attack India from the western side and majority of the rice is produced in the east and south, such findings are not surprising. There are two ways to interpret the estimated effect size in terms of how hard the locust upsurges can sting the economy. First, in terms of the economic costs, the magnitude of the effects are around 12% compared to mean per‐hectare production of wheat. Second, in terms of accounting costs, back of the envelope calculations suggest losses up to US$3 billion. Policy implications include recognizing locust upsurges as natural disasters and providing demand‐based market instruments such as locust insurance to help farmers hedge against this risk.
A comparison of subadult skeletal and dental development based on living and deceased samples
Authors: Stull Kyra E. , Wolfe Christopher A. , Corron Louise K. , Heim Kelly , Hulse Cortney N. , Pilloud Marin A.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

A fundamental assumption in biological anthropology is that living individuals will present with different growth than non‐survivors of the same population. The aim is to address the question of whether growth and development data of non‐survivors are reflective of the biological consequences of selective mortality and/or stress.

Materials and Methods

The study compares dental development and skeletal growth collected from radiographic images of contemporary samples of living and deceased individuals from the United States (birth to 20 years) and South Africa (birth to 12 years). Further evaluation of deceased individuals is used to explore differential patterns among manners of death (MOD).

Results

Results do not show any significant differences in skeletal growth or dental development between living and deceased individuals. However, in the South African deceased sample the youngest individuals exhibited substantially smaller diaphyseal lengths than the living sample, but by 2 years of age the differences were negligible. In the US sample, neither significant nor substantial differences were found in dental development or diaphyseal length according to MOD and age (>2 years of age), though some long bones in individuals <2 years of age did show significant differences. No significant differences were noted in diaphyseal length according to MOD and age in the SA sample.

Discussion

The current findings refute the idea that contemporary deceased and living individuals would present with differential growth and development patterns through all of ontogeny as well as the assumptions linking short stature, poor environments, and MOD.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces Enabled Ultra‐Compact Broadband Waveguide TM‐Pass Polarizer
Authors: Hao Weiming , Wang Jian , Chen Lin
Published: November 2020

Silicon waveguide polarizers offer a simple yet robust approach to address the polarization‐dependent issue of silicon‐based optical components, and hence have found numerous applications in silicon photonics. However, the available silicon waveguide polarizers suffer from the issue of large device footprint, high insertion loss (IL), and/or fabrication complexities. Here, a silicon waveguide transverse magnetic (TM)‐pass polarizer is constructed by coating a silicon waveguide with an ultra‐thin plasmonic metasurface structure that is capable of guiding slow surface wave (SW) mode. The transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode can be converted into SW mode with the involvement of metasurfaces, and hence is intrinsically absorbed and forbidden to pass, while the TM waveguide mode can be well guided due to little influence. A typical metasurface polarizer with an ultra‐short length of 2.4 µm enables the IL of 28.16 dB for the TE mode, and that of 0.53 dB for the TM mode at 1550 nm. Multiple‐band TM‐pass polarizers can be obtained by cascading two or more different metasurface‐coated silicon waveguides along the propagation direction, and a dual‐band TM‐pass polarizer is demonstrated with the IL being of 19.21 and 29.09 dB for the TE mode at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively.
Dual‐responsive shape memory hydrogels with self‐healing and dual‐responsive swelling behaviors
Authors: Yang Qianyu , Gao Chen , Zhang Xuemei , Zhao Xingyu , Fu Yiqing , Tsou Chihui , Zeng Chunyan , Yuan Li , Pu Zejun , Xia Yiqing , Sheng Yuping , Fang Yu
Published: November 2020

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) can fix the hydrogels in a provisional shape and restore the initial shape under external stimulation. Herein, a dual‐responsive shape memory hydrogel with dual‐responsive swelling and self‐healing properties is presented in this work. The SMHs were fabricated by one‐step emulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA). Sodium alginate (SA) was introduced as an interpenetrating polymer in the network. With ionic cross‐linking between ‐COO− and Fe3+ or saline‐reinforced hydrophobic association, the hydrogels can be fixed in a provisional shape, which can be restored by immersing the hydrogels in vitamin C solution or pure water, respectively. When the as‐prepared hydrogels were immersed in FeCl3 solutions, additional ionic cross‐linking between Fe3+ and ‐COO− could be formed, thus constructing the dual physically cross‐linked (DPC) network, which endows the hydrogels with excellent fracture stress (2.6 MPa) and toughness (5.47 MJ/m3). Besides, the reversible physical cross‐linkings endowed the hydrogel with outstanding self‐healing capability. Furthermore, the pH and saline responsive swelling properties of the SMHs are additional fantastic properties. Therefore, we believe that this simple strategy provides a great opportunity for the preparation of SMHs with multiple intellectual performances.
Sodium citrate‐assisted synthesis of nano‐manganese oxide on carbon fiber for enhancing the mechanical and frictional performances of carbon fiber‐reinforced resin matrix composites
Authors: Zheng Xinhui , Fei Jie , Li Meng , Huang Jianfeng , Wang Na
Published: November 2020

Aiming to enhance the carbon fiber (CF)/resin interfacial adhesion, this report describes the novel application of sodium citrate (SC) as an auxiliary reducing agent and surface regulator to control the morphology of nano‐manganese dioxide (MnO2) on the CF surface. The composites were fabricated by means of controlling the molar concentration ratio of SC to Mn source (0:1, 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1) in hydrothermal synthesis. The results reveal that MnO2 nanosheets on the CF surface become denser as the concentration of SC is 1/3 of Mn source, which makes advance to the surface roughness and surface energy of CF. Simultaneously, the tensile strength of as‐prepared composite is increased by 52.8%. The homologous friction coefficient tends to be high and stable and the wear volume is significantly reduced by 63.8 and 26.5% under the applied loads of 3 and 5 N in contrast with the original composites prepared without SC. As a result, it can be inferred that SC plays a crucial role in enhancing the interfacial bonding strength between the CF and matrix, providing insights into the interface control of CF‐reinforced resin matrix composites.
PdAg Nanoparticles with Different Sizes: Facile One‐Step Synthesis and High Electrocatalytic Activity for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Yang Lei , Wang Yawen , Feng Hetian , Zeng Huajie , Tan Changhui , Yao Junjie , Zhang Junchang , Jiang Lin , Sun Yinghui
Published: November 2020

Recently, direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs) which possess superior advantages such as a low operating temperature, light environmental pollution and high energy density, have been considered as one of the power generation technologies with a bright prospect. Herein, bimetallic PdAg nanoparticles (NPs) with different particle sizes were successfully produced via an easy one‐pot solvothermal co‐reduction synthetic route and their electrocatalytic performance for formic acid oxidation (FAO) were further investigated. In our strategy, the size of PdAg NPs can be easily controlled by only varying the concentration of precursors. The larger sized PdAg alloy (9.5 nm, noted as PdAg−L) was obtained at a low concentration of precursors, while the smaller PdAg alloy (3.7 nm, named as PdAg−S) was separated from the reaction system with higher solubility by centrifugation. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the obtained PdAg NPs could be well optimized when incorporated with carbon (C), which is owing to a synergetic effect. The PdAg−S/C exhibits the highest mass activity with around 1.6 times that of PdAg−L/C and 2 times that of commercial Pd/C, which can be attributed to its larger ECSA and lower adsorption energy of the intermediate to facilitate the direct oxidation of HCOOH molecule.
Spectroscopic orbit determination of the long‐periodic binary system θ Cep
Authors: Bischoff Richard , Mugrauer Markus , Lux Oliver , Zehe Tamara , Heyne Therese , Wagner Daniel , Geymeier Michael
Published: November 2020

In 2015, a radial velocity monitoring campaign was started in order to redetermine and/or constrain the orbital solutions of spectroscopic binary systems. The observations were carried out at the University Observatory Jena with the Échelle spectrograph FLECHAS. The results from the main part of our target sample are already published. For the final target of this campaign, θ Cep, we can now present an orbital solution based on a homogeneously covered radial velocity curve. The period of this single‐lined spectroscopic binary turned out to be significantly larger, and the orbit is much more eccentric compared to the given values in the 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits.
Cell‐free in vitro reduction of carboxylates to aldehydes: With crude enzyme preparations to a key pharmaceutical building block
Authors: Schwarz Anna , Hecko Sebastian , Rudroff Florian , Kohrt Jeffrey T. , Howard Roger M. , Winkler Margit
Published: November 2020

The scarcity of practical methods for aldehyde synthesis in chemistry necessitates the development of mild, selective procedures. Carboxylic acid reductases catalyze aldehyde formation from stable carboxylic acid precursors in an aqueous solution. Carboxylic acid reductases were employed to catalyze aldehyde formation in a cell‐free system with activation energy and reducing equivalents provided through auxiliary proteins for ATP and NADPH recycling. In situ product removal was used to suppress over‐reduction due to background enzyme activities, and an N‐protected 4‐formyl‐piperidine pharma synthon was prepared in 61% isolated yield. This is the first report of preparative aldehyde synthesis with carboxylic acid reductases employing crude, commercially available enzyme preparations.
Selective ene‐reductase immobilization to magnetic nanoparticles through a novel affinity tag
Authors: Zanker Alexander A. , Ahmad Nadim , Son Tuan Hoang , Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Berensmeier Sonja
Published: November 2020

Background

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are becoming more important as carriers, because of their large specific surface area and easy separability. They are increasingly used in enzyme technology, diagnostics, and drug delivery.

Major results

For the directed and almost irreversible immobilization of proteins on MNPs, we have developed a new selective (His‐Arg)4 peptide‐tag, that binds fusion proteins directly from an E. coli cell lysate to non‐functionalized, low‐cost MNPs. Using the immobilization of an ene‐reductase as an example, we could demonstrate that the fusion with this tag increases thermostability without reducing overall activity (ER w/o tag: t1/2 = 3.7 h, (HR)4‐ER: t1/2 = 9.9 h). Immobilization by adsorption in Tris buffer resulted in very high enzyme loads with approx. 380 mg g‐1 and 67% residual activity. The immobilization on the MNPs allowed a fast concentration, buffer exchange, and reuse. While about 50% of the activity was lost after the first reuse, we were able to show that the activity did not decrease further and was stable for another nine cycles.

Conclusion

According to our studies, our tag highly works for any kind of immobilization on MNPs and holds the potential for enzyme immobilizations as well as for drug delivery and sensors.