bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joint design of transmit beamspace and reduced‐dimension receiver filter for MIMO radar STAP
Authors: Pang Xiaojiao , Zhao Yongbo , Cao Chenghu , Chen Sheng , Hu Yili
Published: April 2021

In this article, the problem of the transmit beamspace (TB) matrix design in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar is considered. To reduce the computational burden and to focus the energy within optimal spatial sector, a joint design method of the TB matrix and a reduced‐dimension space‐time adaptive processing (STAP) filter is proposed based on the maximum signal‐to‐clutter‐plus‐noise ratio (SCNR). Firstly, the signal model of the reduced‐dimension STAP for TB‐based MIMO radar is established. Then, using the maximum SCNR as the design metric, the joint design model of the TB matrix and the reduced‐dimension STAP filter is presented. Furthermore, the cyclic optimisation method is exploited to deal with the non‐convex joint design problem with the energy constraint. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate the joint design method of the TB matrix and the STAP filter not only has better output SCNR performance but also owns lower computational burden when compared with the other existing methods.
Fault detection approach applied to inertial navigation system/air data system integrated navigation system with time‐offset
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Cheng Yongmei , Wang Huibin , Wang Huaxia
Published: April 2021

The false alarm of a fault detection module in aircraft will interfere with flight. If there is a time‐offset between the inertial navigation system (INS) and air data system (ADS), the probability of a false alarm (PFA) of the fault detection module will increase, which is ignored in existing approaches. To address the problem, a fault detection approach is proposed applied to INS/ADS with a time‐offset. An INS/ADS fault detection model based on kinematic equations is developed, and we combine an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with Runge‐Kutta to deal with the non‐linear and discretisation problem. A time‐offset estimator is designed and the observability of time‐offset is analysed, showing that time‐offset is observable only in the manoeuvre phase. A fault detection architecture applied to INS/ADS with a time‐offset is designed, which solves the problem of the high PFA of INS/ADS fault detection under a time‐offset. Simulation results show that under multiple time‐offset scenarios, the root mean square error of the proposed approach can reach 0.0134 s minimally, and after time alignment, the PFA of the fault detection can be reduced to 1.8%.
Pontryagin maximum principle for state constrained optimal sampled-data control problems on time scales
Authors: Bettiol Piernicola , Bourdin Loïc
Published: April 2021

In this paper we consider optimal sampled-data control problems on time scales with inequality state constraints. A Pontryagin maximum principle is established, extending to the state constrained case existing results in the time scale literature. The proof is based on the Ekeland variational principle and on the concept of implicit spike variations adapted to the time scale setting. The main result is then applied to continuous-time min-max optimal sampled-data control problems, and a maximal velocity minimization problem for the harmonic oscillator with sampled-data control is numerically solved for illustration.
on a certain compactification of an arbitrary subset of ℝm and its applications to DiPerna-Majda measures theory
Authors: Kozarzewski Piotr Antoni
Published: April 2021

We present a constructive proof of the fact, that for any subset 𝒜 ⊆ ℝm and a countable family ℱ of bounded functions f : 𝒜 → ℝ there exists a compactification 𝒜′ ⊂ ℓ2 of 𝒜 such that every function f ∈ ℱ possesses a continuous extension to a function f̅ : 𝒜′→ℝ. However related to some classical theorems, our result is direct and hence applicable in Calculus of Variations. Our construction is then used to represent limits of weakly convergent sequences {f(uν)} via methods related to DiPerna-Majda measures. In particular, as our main application, we generalise the Representation Theorem from the Calculus of Variations due to Kałamajska.
Improving the Learning Power of Artificial Intelligence Using Multimodal Deep Learning
Authors: Shchetinin Eugene Yu. , Sevastianov Leonid
Published: April 2021

Computer paralinguistic analysis is widely used in security systems, biometric research, call centers and banks. Paralinguistic models estimate different physical properties of voice, such as pitch, intensity, formants and harmonics to classify emotions. The main goal is to find such features that would be robust to outliers and will retain variety of human voice properties at the same time. Moreover, the model used must be able to estimate features on a time scale for an effective analysis of voice variability. In this paper a paralinguistic model based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) neural network is described, which was trained for vocal-based emotion recognition. The main advantage of this network architecture is that each module of the network consists of several interconnected layers, providing the ability to recognize flexible long-term dependencies in data, which is important in context of vocal analysis. We explain the architecture of a bidirectional neural network model, its main advantages over regular neural networks and compare experimental results of BLSTM network with other models.
Driver Behaviour Algorithms for the Cellular Automata-Based Mathematical Model of Traffic Flows
Authors: Chechina Antonina , Churbanova Natalia , Trapeznikova Marina
Published: April 2021

The work is devoted to the development of new algorithms describing the complex interaction of drivers for the parallel numerical implementation of the traffic flow model developed by the authors based on the cellular automata theory. As is known from observations, the behaviour of drivers largely determines how difficult it will be to pass a section with a bottleneck (a narrowing, a motionless obstacle, etc.) or even without it at the same flow values. In such conditions, cars can move in a synchronized flow at a more or less constant speed or go into “stop-and-go” mode. The authors have developed a set of algorithms for a large number of different road situations, which is featured in this article.
Mathematical Modeling of Technological Modes of Operation of Liquid Stamping of Aluminum Alloy AK7
Authors: Kadymov Vagid , Sosenushkin Evgeny
Published: April 2021

In this paper we examine a mathematical model of solidification of the melt in a two-phase zone during the formation of forgings through liquid stamping. From the simultaneous solution of the Fourier equations of thermal conductivity for the melt, the two-phase zone, and the solid crust, the solidification kinetics has been established and the effect of external pressure on the temperature fields and components of the solidification time of hollow thin-walled forgings has been thoroughly assessed.
Modeling of Thermophysical Phenomena When Cutting with Coated Tools
Authors: Volosova Marina , Migranov Artur , Rai Maksim
Published: April 2021

The results of computer simulation of thermophysical phenomena in the contact zone during blade cutting of metals with multi-layer composite wear-resistant coatings that ensure the adaptability of the cutting wedge to friction conditions are presented. On-site experimental studies of the cutting temperature during turning with various coatings, structural-phase analysis of the surface layer of the cutting tool to explain the mechanism of formation of secondary structures with a shielding effect – the effect of selforganization.
Influence of green’s coconut fibers in the unsaturated behavior of compacted clayey soil
Authors: de Gusmão Luciana Regina Cajaseiras , Jucá José Fernando Thomé
Published: April 2021

Abstract.

The green coconut’s shell is considered to be waste while it represents most of its volume and weight. The objective of this research was to analyze the influence of the addition of 1% (by weight) of green coconut’s (Cocos nucifera) fibers in the unsaturated behavior of compacted mixtures of clayey soil, with fibers randomly distributed in the soil matrix. Both the pure soil and the mixture were submitted to filter paper tests according to Chandler and Gutierrez (1986) and Marinho (1994), in order to obtain their characteristic curves and verify their differences, using the relation suction-humidity proposed by Chandler, Crilly and Montgomery-Smith (1992) and van Genuchten’s (1980) adjustment method, which was also used to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and relative permeability to air and water as functions of the degree of saturation. The results revealed that the addition of fibers provided greater water percolation in the drying path, and greater air flow during wetting. This behavior is a reflection of the greater retention capacity provided by the fibers, which promotes a more gradual change in the degree of saturation, in relation to the ‘pure soil’, which is a very interesting characteristic for applications subject to large variations in humidity.
A constitutive model for hydromechanically coupled behavior of unsaturated soils with hydraulic hysteresis
Authors: Eyüpgiller Mustafa Mert , Kenanoğlu Melih Birhan , Ülker Mehmet Barış Can , Toker Nabi Kartal
Published: April 2021

There are several constitutive models developed for understanding coupled hydromechanical behavior of three phase medium of unsaturated soils as well as models for explaining hydraulic hysteresis in water retention. However, very few attempts that merge the two aspects of behavior are available. This study develops a one-way coupled model for understanding the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. In addition to the hysteresis between main drying and wetting retention curves, the model considers non-uniqueness of retention behavior resulting from void ratio changes due to compression under the stress application. As for the elastoplastic stress strain relationship of soil skeleton, the model is based on the formulation of classical plasticity relying on the critical state concept. Consequently, volumetric deformation due to wetting-drying cycles and its effect on elastoplastic behavior through simultaneously changing matric suction is modeled. Model results are calibrated with the results of isotropic compression stages of triaxial tests at both constant suction and constant water content conditions.
Bearing capacity assessment of bored piles equipped with expander body systems using the mechanics of unsaturated soils
Authors: Monteiro Fernando Feitosa , da Cunha Renato Pinto , de Aguiar Marcos Fábio Porto , Silva Carlos Medeiros
Published: April 2021

Bearing capacity of single piles are occasionally predicted using the renowned theoretical methods (α and β methods). These methods are based on laboratory tests, which can be time-consuming, but also applicable in foundation engineering practice for unsaturated soils. Full-scale pile load tests were carried out on bored piles equipped with Expander Body Systems in the Federal District of Brazil, known for its unsaturated, collapsible and porous soil. This paper has the aim to assess the applicability of the β method, considering the contribution of soil matric suction, in order to estimate the bearing capacity of these piles subjected to uplift and compression loads in unsaturated soils. Based on the experimental results, it is indicated that the use of the β method considering the matric suction, can be a useful tool for bearing capacity estimation of bored piles equipped with Expander Body Systems in unsaturated soils.
Evaluation of sand-clay-anionic polyacrylamide blends for alternative compacted clay landfill liner design
Authors: Codevilla Mauro , Casagrande Camilo , Montoro Marcos , Orlandi Sandra , Piqué Teresa , Manzanal Diego
Published: April 2021

In this project, an innovative low hydraulic conductivity material for landfill cover and liner construction was studied. The material is a blend of natural clayey soil from Comodoro Rivadavia city (Chubut province, Argentina) mixed with fine uniform sand and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM). The research emphasizes understanding the influence of APAM addition on the soil water retention capacity (SWRC), unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, and swelling behavior. APAM is a super absorbent polymer that swells when immersed in water. SWRC was evaluated through the filter paper method. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and swelling behavior were determined using two fluids: distilled water and brine (C = 2 M). Results showed that APAM addition reduced the blends' microporosity, increased the water retention capacity, and reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the system. These promising results encourage further research on these blends' behavior to determine the most efficient blend formulation to enhance its hydro-mechanical performance and its chemical compatibility with landfill leachates for cover and low hydraulic conductivity liner layer construction.
Field monitoring and model predicted water balance of monolithic cover
Authors: Alam Md Jobair Bin , Ahmed Asif , Islam Md Aminul , Rahman Naima , Hossain Md Sahadat
Published: April 2021

The use of the evapotranspiration cover for landfill is increasing because of its long-term enhanced performance. However, the performance of evapotranspiration cover primarily depends on the onsite geo-climatic conditions. Therefore, field verification of cover performance through constructed test plots is required before actual implementation. Additionally, numerical modeling and comparison with field results are necessary for future performance prediction. The objective of this study was to simulate the water balance hydrology of evapotranspiration cover using the code SEEP/W. Drainage lysimeter was constructed with fine-grained soil and native vegetation. Field water balance data from the lysimeter were obtained through instrumentation. Onsite climatological data, laboratory and field investigated soil parameters and actual field studied plant parameters were used as model input. Based on one year’s simulation, it was observed that the code nearly captured the seasonal variations in the water balance quantities measured in the field. Surface runoff was reasonably predicted in the model where precipitation intensity appeared to be responsible to some extent. Evapotranspiration was slightly overpredicted and the fluctuation in soil water storage was similar to the field results. The model predicted annual percolation was approximately 45 mm, which is under-predicted than the actual field measured annual percolation of 62 mm.
Reinventing exergy as indicator for resource depletion impacts in LCA
Authors: Peters Jens F.
Published: April 2021

While resource aspects are gaining increasing importance for the sustainability assessment of new technologies, the question of how to assess the depletion of abiotic resources is still controversially discussed. Different methodologies exist for their quantification within life cycle assessment (LCA). Among them, thermodynamic approaches have the advantage of considering aspects of absolute quantity (reserves or amount of a substance contained in total in earth’s crust) and of quality (concentration of the target element in the mined resource), making them a potentially appealing approach for assessing resource depletion. However, existing approaches are either far from the original thermodynamic idea of exergy or far too complex and not applicable for resource accounting. This work briefly discusses the suitability of exergy-based approaches for resource assessment, and then suggests a simple but comprehensive methodology for quantifying resource depletion related with the concept of chemical concentration exergy (MDPces). It provides a calculation approach for quantifying the MDPces and estimates the corresponding values for some representative key metals.
The beginning and the end of the aluminium value chain
Authors: Kolbeinsen Leiv
Published: April 2021

Metallic aluminium does not naturally occur in nature, and it was largely unknown, virtually a mystery, until 200 years ago. The modern aluminium production using a hydrometallurgical refining process for making alumina followed by electrolysis of this mineral was first developed in 1886 and, in principle, the same technology is still used to this day. About 90% of alumina refineries in the world use the Bayer process for refining Bauxite ore. It is very efficient, but it can only be used on high quality bauxite with low content of admixtures, especially silicon. The Bayer process also generates a Bauxite Residue (BR), maybe better known as Red Mud (RM) which is a thick red-brown, high-basicity paste consisting of silicon, iron, aluminium, titanium and others. The International Institute of Aluminium estimates that since 1886 almost a billion tonnes of aluminium were produced around the world with three fourths of this amount still being in use today, of which about 35% is located in buildings and structures, 30% in electric cables and equipment and 30% in transport. Aluminium scrap is collected all over the world. In the home, it mostly consists of aluminium beverage cans. It is claimed that 1 ton of recycled empty beverage cans save 8 tons of bauxite, 4 kg of various fluorides and 14 kWh of electricity. Additionally, recycling aluminium significantly reduces the negative environmental impact of ever-expanding RM landfills. As the idea of environmental responsibility is gaining more and more traction, separate household scrap recycling is becoming more and more popular around the world. How challenges related to such activity can be met will be the main topic of this paper alongside discussing new developments for alumina production without RM generation.
Historical aspects of the traditional development of socio-technical systems
Authors: Moiseeva Tatiana , Myatishkin Yuri
Published: April 2021

The development of socio-technical systems is an important factor determining the state of the country's economy as a whole. There are two possible ways of socio-technical systems development. The first way is traditional development, and the second is innovative one. Traditional development is based on the usual forms of management. It is based on the principles of bureaucratic management, hierarchical structures building, single-handed management decisions-making and responsibility for their implementation. Innovative development is based on new management principles that are fundamentally different from the existing ones. Today the traditional development and management are dominating. In order to understand how to overcome the traditional path of development, it’s necessary to study how the traditional management was built in the historical context.
Development of diagnostic procedures and tools for assessing information culture and competencies of cadets
Authors: Undozerova Alla , Kozlov Oleg
Published: April 2021

In modern conditions of digitalization of society, the presence of information competencies and information culture is the key to successful professional activity in all areas, including in the military sphere. The studies carried out in recent decades indicate the need and possibility of the formation and development of information communication and information technology skills in the process of integrated development of computer science, humanitarian, socio-economic, general professional and special disciplines. At the same time, the methods for assessing the level of information culture formation as an integral personal education are not sufficiently developed. In this regard, it is necessary to study the existing methods, to develop diagnostic procedures and tools for assessing the information and technological competencies of military educational organizations cadets, as well as to test statistical hypotheses. The concept of the information support system for assessing the level of competence formation and the intermediate results of a large-scale experiment on the development of cadets' information culture are presented.
Problems of the Shaping Universal and professional competencies among students of Domestic Universities in the implementation of the federal state educational standard of higher education 3++ and ways to solve them
Authors: Kiselev Alexandr , Ugryumova Marina , Sazonov Alexander , Savicheva Anna
Published: April 2021

Today, Russia is actively working to introduce the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++ (FSES HO 3++) into the educational process. At the same time, it is assumed that these higher education standards will contribute to improving the quality of training students of domestic universities for professional activities in domestic organizations. However, as practice shows, the continuous improvement of FSES HO, according to the Bachelor-Master system, does not solve the key problems associated with the training of professionals demanded by domestic organizations, who should be trained by the universities. This paper shows the problems associated with the formation of professional competencies among students of domestic universities in the implementation of FSES HO 3++, as well as possible ways to solve them and to improve the quality of training students as future professionals for domestic organizations. At the same time, all proposals are based on the practical experience of the authors and scientific analysis of existing problems, as well as feedback from employers justifying their requirements for graduates of domestic universities from the standpoint of the needs of organizations in the young professional staff they need, which allows them to successfully solve the issues of timely provision of the required level of competitiveness.
Anleitung in der Anästhesiepflege
Authors: Schlick Stephanie
Published: April 2021

Insbesondere Teilnehmer von Fachweiterbildungen sind häufig unzufrieden mit den Unterweisungen in der Anästhesiepflege. Deshalb hat unsere Autorin die aktuelle Anleitungsmethode reflektiert und verrät, wie eine effektive Praxisanleitung im Berufsalltag mit der Methode „Modeling mit Metalog“ gelingt.
Hochsensitive kardiale Troponine zur Diagnose des akuten Koronarsyndroms ohne ST-Hebung
Authors: Rubini Gimenez Maria , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Twerenbold Raphael , Müller Christian Eugen
Published: April 2021

Die Diagnose des akuten Koronarsyndroms basiert im Wesentlichen auf 3 Säulen: der klinischen Präsentation, dem 12-Kanal-Elektrokardiogramm und der seriellen Messung von Biomarkern zur Quantifizierung einer Myokardschädigung. Durch die Entwicklung von hochsensitiven kardialen Troponin-Assays (hs-cTn) mit verbesserter analytischer Sensitivität konnte die Zeit nach Eintreten einer Myokardschädigung bis zu deren Nachweis durch im Blut zirkulierendes Troponin relevant verkürzt werden. Somit können einerseits Myokardinfarkte frühzeitig erkannt werden und es erlaubt andererseits auch die Detektion kleinerer Infarkte, die bisher unentdeckt blieben. Aufgrund der hohen Sensitivität kann bei Patienten mit sehr niedrigen hs-cTn-Konzentrationen frühzeitig ein akuter Myokardinfarkt ausgeschlossen werden bzw. nach anderen Differenzialdiagnosen gesucht werden. Patienten mit deutlich erhöhten hs-cTn-Konzentrationen können rascher identifiziert werden und einer unmittelbaren invasiven
Abklärung und Aufnahme auf eine Überwachungsstation zugeführt werden. Die im August 2020 neu publizierten europäischen Richtlinien für die Diagnose von akuten Myokardinfarkten ohne ST-Hebung empfehlen die Anwendung von diagnostischen Algorithmen basierend auf seriellen hs-cTn-Messungen nach 1 oder 2 (3) Stunden für eine sichere und schnelle Diagnosestellung. Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über die aktuellen Richtlinienempfehlungen im Hinblick auf die Anwendung von hs-cTn in der Früherkennung des akuten Koronarsyndroms geben.
Alinhamento dinâmico do joelho e equilíbrio pélvico: Comparação entre os sexos em atletas de futebol de base
Authors: Silva Flaviano Moreira da , Canêz Denis Bordoni , Madeira Andressa Rodeghiero , Ferreira Gustavo Dias
Published: April 2021

Objetivo Avaliar o alinhamento do joelho no plano frontal e o equilíbrio pélvico durante a descida de um degrau comparando atletas de futebol feminino e masculino.

Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com atletas de futebol das categorias sub-15 e sub-17, de ambos os sexos, de um clube profissional do Sul do Brasil. Foi realizado o teste de descida de um degrau, o qual foi filmado por uma câmera de vídeo, e, em sua avaliação, traçaram-se as medidas angulares durante o movimento por meio do software Kinovea (código aberto), versão 0.8.24.

Resultados A amostra foi composta por 38 indivíduos, 19 do sexo masculino e 19 do sexo feminino. As atletas do sexo feminino apresentaram maior ângulo em varo (9,42° ± 1,65°) quando comparadas com os atletas masculinos (3,91° ± 2,0°; p = 0,04). Não houve diferença em relação à queda unilateral da pelve (drop pélvico) entre os grupos, e a associação entre o drop pélvico do quadril e o ângulo de projeção no plano frontal do joelho foi fraca em ambos os sexos.

Conclusão Apesar de ambos os sexos terem apresentado queda pélvica, as atletas de base do sexo feminino apresentaram maior angulação do joelho em varo no teste de descida do degrau, e necessitam maior atenção para minimizar o risco de lesão.
Effect of annealing temperature on switching properties in Si-doped HfO2 films
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Chun Min Chul , Kim Min Jin , Lee Jun Young , Cho Yongjun , Kim Cheoljun , Jo Ji Young , Kang Bo Soo
Published: April 2021

The discovery of hafnium oxide-based ferroelectrics has resulted in the pursuit of ferroelectric field-effect transistors with higher scalability, lower power consumption, and enhanced switching speed. An in-depth understanding of ferroelectric polarization switching kinetics is essential for both scientific and technological purposes. Polarization switching is analyzed based on the nucleation-limited switching model with a Lorentzian distribution of logarithmic switching times. The activation field governing the switching kinetics is explained by a dependence on the density of oxygen vacancies, which are caused by various annealing temperatures. This indicates that oxygen vacancies can be a dominant factor in the polarization switching of Si-doped HfO2 films.
A broad-band planar-microcavity quantum-dot single-photon source with a solid immersion lens
Authors: Ahn D. H. , Jang Y. D. , Baek J. S. , Schneider C. , Höfling S. , Lee D.
Published: April 2021

The integration of single quantum dots (QDs) into a planar Fabry–Pérot microcavity has been established as a direct and viable approach to vertically steer photons emitted from the quantum emitters, resulting in a strong increase in the source brightness, which becomes particularly evident when a lens with a low numerical aperture is used. However, the spectral bandwidth of QD–microcavity structures is limited and determined by their intrinsic quality factor; these structures are, thus, not ideal for the extraction of entangled photon pairs or for studies of exciton dynamics. We have found that, when a deterministic low-index solid immersion lens is placed on top of the QD in a QD–microcavity structure, the structure exhibits an enhancement in the bandwidth to 27 nm and a source brightness of 23%. The solid immersion lens is deterministically fabricated via two-photon absorption and can be remade several times without perturbing the QD, ensuring that the QD's intrinsic properties are preserved and ensuring its long-term reliability.
Reversible tuning from multi-mode laser to single-mode laser in coupled nanoribbon cavity
Authors: Yang Shuai , Lu Xinle , Zhang Jian , Wang Hailong , Sun Liaoxin
Published: April 2021

Semiconductor nanostructures such as nanowires and nanoribbons have shown great potential for fabrication of functional nanoscale lasers due to their high dielectric contrast and bandgap engineering performance. However, these as-grown nanostructures are weak in structural controllability, and the operation of highly desired single-mode lasers currently performed by coupled nanostructural cavities needs a relatively complex fabrication process and lacks flexibility. In this work, a tunable coupled nanoribbon cavity was simply obtained by using a home-made transfer platform. Relying on this, the Vernier effect-driven high performed single-mode laser was realized. Most interestingly, the laser mode can be reversibly tuned between single-mode and multi-mode by adjusting the gap of two coupled nanoribbons. The coupling constant and the optical loss of different gaps were demonstrated by simulation, large diffraction loss, and scattering loss as limiting factors for coupling were clarified. This work offers an alternative route toward realizing mode-tunable nanoscale lasers, which may have great potential in flexible multi-functional optoelectronic devices.
Amide-based deep eutectic solvents containing LiFSI and NaFSI salts as superionic electrolytes for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Amara Samia , Zaidi Warda , Timperman Laure , Nikiforidis Georgios , Anouti Mérièm
Published: April 2021

This work proposes two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide together with N-methylacetamide and formamide as electrolytes for activated carbon (AC) electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) at 25 °C. The formulated DESs exhibit a large electrochemical window (ΔE > 2.5 V), good thermal stability (∼150 °C) and ionic conductivity (3–4 mS cm−1), and moderate viscosity (11.3 mPa s). Through the Vogel–Tamman–Vulcher fitting equation, the evolution of pseudo-energy activation was delineated with respect to the nature of the H-bond donor or alkali salt. These electrolytes present a superionic character gleaned from the Walden classification, and their ionicity exceeds that of standard organic electrolytes based on similar alkali salts. The performance of the AC-based EDLC was assessed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge, yielding 140 F g−1 with an 8% capacity retention during 200 h of floating. Based on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance of these DESs, they represent a promising green-alternative electrolyte for supercapacitor applications.
Rapid wind–terrain correction for wildfire simulations
Authors: Hilton James , Garg Nikhil
Published: April 2021

Modelling the propagation of wildfires requires an accurate wind field to correctly predict the behaviour of the fire. Although numerical weather prediction models produce reliable and accurate mesoscale forecasts, these are typically either available at a spatial resolution many times greater than the typical resolution of a wildfire model or a spot forecast that must be spatially interpolated to the area of the modelled wildfire. Due to this, these forecasts may not account for fine-scale terrain interactions with the wind and must be downscaled to a higher spatial resolution before use in a wildfire model. These downscaling methods are typically computationally intensive, limiting their use for situations where rapid predictions are required. Despite this, a three-dimensional mass balancing method is commonly used in wildfire prediction as a preprocessing step. In this study we show that this mass balancing method can be reduced to a two-dimensional approach, greatly reducing the complexity and computational time required for the model. The two-dimensional method is compared with the existing three-dimensional method and experimentally measured datasets. Furthermore, a combination of rapid numerical solution techniques and modern computational processors allow these wind–terrain correction methods to be directly incorporated into wildfire propagation models.
Neuromodulator release in neurons requires two functionally redundant calcium sensors
Authors: van Westen Rhodé , Poppinga Josse , Díez Arazola Rocío , Toonen Ruud F. , Verhage Matthijs
Published: April 2021

Significance

Neuromodulators are released by most neurons and control many brain functions, but their release mechanism remains largely elusive. Calcium sensors for other secretory pathways have been characterized but not for neuromodulator release in the brain. Using release assays with single-vesicle resolution in living neurons, we identify the sensors that drive neuromodulator release from dense core vesicles. Neuromodulator release depends equally on two sensors, Syt1 and Syt7, that are both rate limiting for release and compensate for each other upon overexpression (cross-rescue), despite being in different locations in the cell. These data show that the mechanism of neuromodulator secretion is different from previously studied systems.
Coupled oscillation and spinning of photothermal particles in Marangoni optical traps
Authors: Kim Hyunki , Sundaram Subramanian , Kang Ji-Hwan , Tanjeem Nabila , Emrick Todd , Hayward Ryan C.
Published: April 2021

Significance

Oscillators, widely found in nature, form the basis of a wide variety of actuating and signal processing mechanisms. While the ability to mimic arrays of oscillators and control their coupling is a central goal in the field of bioinspired soft materials, this has been difficult to achieve. Using Marangoni forces generated during spatially inhomogeneous illumination of photothermally responsive particles, we demonstrate a scheme for optically trapping arrays of particles at air–water interfaces that can incite a range of oscillatory and spinning behaviors. When multiple objects are arranged in proximity, they exhibit complex, collective behavior emerging from geometry-dependent interparticle coupling. This route to achieving collective motion is expected to open opportunities in the study of active materials.
Spontaneous formation of multilayer refractory carbide coatings in a molten salt media
Authors: Constantin Loic , Fan Lisha , Pouey Mathilde , Roger Jérôme , Cui Bai , Silvain Jean-François , Lu Yong Feng
Published: April 2021

Significance

Multilayer coatings of refractory materials are of significant interest for extreme environment applications. Yet, the strong covalent bonding of refractory materials and the complexity of synthesizing multilayer structures impedes their development. Our work presents a fast, easy, and low-temperature synthesis of complex multilayer carbide coatings via a spontaneous reaction in a molten salt media. The synergistic reactions that yield the multilayer coating on carbon fibers depend on metal dissolution and diffusion in the salt media. We demonstrate that the synthesized multilayer coating possesses superior harsh environment resistance compared to single-layer coatings. The proposed synthesis method provides an effective route of producing complex oxidation barriers in an easy, scalable, and affordable manner, holding great promise for developing functional coatings.
The length of tibialis anterior does not influence force steadiness during submaximal isometric contractions with the dorsiflexors
Authors: Tsatsaki Eirini , Amiridis Ioannis G. , Holobar Ales , Trypidakis Georgios , Arabatzi Fotini , Kellis Eleftherios , Enoka Roger M.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of short, intermediate, and long muscle lengths on dorsiflexor force steadiness and the discharge characteristics of motor units in tibialis anterior during submaximal isometric contractions. Steady contractions were performed at 5 target forces (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) for 3 ankle angles (75°, 90°, and 105°). MVC force was less (p = 0.043) at the smallest joint angle compared with the other two angles. The absolute (standard deviation) and normalised amplitudes (coefficient of variation) of the force fluctuations were similar for all 3 ankle angles at each target force. The coefficient of variation for force decreased progressively from 5% to 20% MVC force and then it plateaued at 40% and 60% MVC force. At all target forces, the mean discharge rate (MDR) of the motor units at 75° was greater than at 90° (p = 0.006) and 105° (p = 0.034). Moreover, the MDR was similar for 5% and 10% MVC forces and then increased gradually until 60% MVC force (p < 0.005). The variability in discharge times (coefficient of variation for interspike interval) and variability in neural drive (coefficient of variation of filtered cumulative spike train) were similar at all ankle angles. Variability in neural drive had a greater influence on force steadiness than did the variability in discharge times. Changes in ankle‐joint angle did not influence either the normalised amplitude force fluctuations during steady submaximal contractions or the underlying modulation of the discharge characteristics of motor units in tibialis anterior.
Influence of relative phase on the nonsequential double ionization process of CO2 molecules by counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized laser fields
Authors: Peng Mian , Bai Li-Hua , Guo Zhen
Published: April 2021

We investigate the nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of linear triatomic molecules by the counter-rotating two-color circularly polarized (CRTC) laser fields with a classical ensemble method. The results of the simulation reveal that NSDI yield strongly connected with the relative phase. The trajectory tracking method shows that the return time of the electron is controlled by the relative phase. In addition, when we change the CRTC laser wavelengths, the relative phase of the maximum and minimum yield of NSDI also changes. This shows that the influence of the Coulomb potential in the triatomic molecules on the electron return process cannot be ignored. This work will effectively promote the electronic dynamics study of NSDI for the triatomic molecule.
Neoclassical tearing mode stabilization by electron cyclotron current drive for HL-2M tokamak*
Authors: Li Jing-Chun , Dong Jia-Qi , Ji Xiao-Quan , Hu You-Jun
Published: April 2021

Investigation of neoclassical tearing mode and its suppression by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) has been carried out in HL-2M tokamak. The current driving capability of the electron cyclotron wave is evaluated. It is found that the deposition location can be effectively controlled by changing the poloidal angle. The validation of electron cyclotron wave heating and current driving has been demonstrated for the upper launcher port. We show that 3.0 MW and 2.5 MW modulated ECCD can completely stabilize (2,1) and (3,2) NTMs, respectively. The non-modulated ECCD, radial misalignment as well as current profile broadening have deleterious effect on the NTM stabilization. The time required for suppression of (3,2) mode is shorter than that required for the suppression of (2,1) mode. Moreover, the time needed for complete stabilization at different initial island width has been quantitatively presented and analyzed.
A multi-band and polarization-independent perfect absorber based on Dirac semimetals circles and semi-ellipses array*
Authors: Li Zhiyou , Yi Yingting , Xu Danyang , Yang Hua , Yi Zao , Chen Xifang , Yi Yougen , Zhang Jianguo , Wu Pinghui
Published: April 2021

We design a four-band terahertz metamaterial absorber that relied on the block Dirac semi-metal (BDS). It is composed of a Dirac material layer, a gold reflecting layer, and a photonic crystal slab (PCS) medium layer. This structure achieved perfect absorption of over 97% at 4.06 THz, 6.15 THz, and 8.16 THz. The high absorption can be explained by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). And this conclusion can be proved by the detailed design of the surface structure. Moreover, the resonant frequency of the device can be dynamically tuned by changing the Fermi energy of the BDS. Due to the advantages such as high absorption, adjustable resonance, and anti-interference of incident angle and polarization mode, the Dirac semi-metal perfect absorber (DSPA) has great potential value in fields such as biochemical sensing, information communication, and nondestructive detection.
Optimized efficiency at maximum

Ω̇

figure of merit and efficient power of power law dissipative Carnot-like heat engines
Authors: Nilavarasi K , Ponmurugan M
Published: April 2021

In the present work, a power law dissipative Carnot-like heat engine cycle of two irreversible isothermal and two irreversible adiabatic processes with finite time non-adiabatic dissipation is considered and the efficiency under two optimization criteria

Ω

̇

figure of merit and efficient power, χ
ep is studied. The generalized extreme bounds of the optimized efficiency under the above said optimization criteria are obtained. The lower and upper bounds of the efficiency for the low dissipation Carnot-like heat engine under these optimization criteria are obtained with the dissipation level δ = 1. In corroboration with efficiency at maximum power, this result also shows that the presence of non-adiabatic dissipation does not influence the extreme bounds on the efficiency optimized by both these target functions in the low dissipation model.
Effect of Various Coordinate Points on Social Media
Authors: Ridho Lubis Arif , Zarlis Muhammad , Nasution Zulkifli , Gunawan
Published: April 2021

Currently information technology has developed rapidly, many have implemented information technology in various fields. It is undeniable that Indonesian people often use social media to interact indirectly, for example uploading vacation photos. But with the rapid advancement of technology itself to find someone’s personal data on the internet today is not something difficult. Conscious or not, many internet users are ignorant of their privacy. What they do in the real world are sometimes all shared on social media in the form of photos or status updates, without choosing which ones can be seen by the public and which will not have a negative impact and can be dangerous for users of social media itself. On the one hand, the location of the presence of the user’s coordinate point is one sensitive information that may not every day other people need to know because it can endanger the user Other people know where the user is when the user posts a photo or status update, the user indirectly notifies where the User is at that time.
Asset Management Information and Tracking System With QR Code Based on the Human Centred Design Method
Authors: Benrahman
Published: April 2021

At the moment almost surely in all establishments or companies having an inventory system, especially about the processing assets, to get information about the asset takes time and cannot be instantly able to display the data. Based on the above problem, the author doing research is to obtain information about the asset information easily, quickly. The method used is to add a QR Code on a label pasted on each asset. Data from the QR code scanned through Android smartphone in the get information directly. In the research tried to research by optimizing the existing inventory system in the modification by adding a web address in the QR Code labels. Using the scan QR has become the default standard Android smartphone in every new. The author sure this article could be useful for anyone who uses the Inventory can be optimal. The results of this application are anyone able to get the status of existing asset information about QR Code, once done testing and implementation results are 99.9% valid.
Smart Tourims: Decision Support Systems In The Strategic Location Of Inn/Hotel For Travelers Using The Naive Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Husain  , Zarlis Muhammad , Wahyudi Mochamad , Santoso Heroe , Tamando Sihotang Hengki , Fitriani Nurul
Published: April 2021

This research makes the system in decision making for tourists who will visit an area. In making decision decision systems using the Bayes algorithm. Bayes’s theorem was put forward by a 1763 British Presbyterian minister named Thomas Bayes. In this study Bayes’s theorem is used to calculate the probability of occurrence of an event based on the influence obtained from the observations. In this paper, the Naive Bayes algorithm is used to support the Decision Making System (DSS) to determine the best and strategic location in determining hotel accommodations, especially for tourists who are associated with having mediocre funds in traveling to Lombok Island. In this study applied a number of criteria and data sets obtained from questionnaires from some visiting tourists. There are 3 variables including Hotel Prices, Distance, and the presence or absence of transportation from tourist destinations, from the three variables, to the training dataset. So that in the future there will be questions in the form of data testing to answer the decision whether the hotel can be take or not by looking at the highest probability value.
Assessing the Symbiotic Organism Search Variants using Standard Benchmark Functions
Authors: Asyikin Zainal Nurul , Din Fakhrud , Zamli Kamal Z.
Published: April 2021

Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS) is one of the latest meta-heuristic algorithms created to solve optimization problems. Combining the fact that this new algorithm is parameter-less (no need for tuning) and having a superior performance compared with other meta-heuristic algorithms, the interest to investigate and enhanced this algorithm had emerged. In this paper, we present a new version of SOS by looping the current algorithm rather than doing it one after the other. The target of this paper is to find the effect of changing the structure of algorithm from the original SOS using selected benchmark functions. Our findings indicate that using a loop structure can improve the solution in some of the benchmarks functions as compared to the original SOS.
Network Performance Optimization using Dynamic Enhanced Interior Routing Protocols Gateway Routing Protocol for IPv6 (EIGRPv6) and IPv6 Access Control List
Authors: Wahyudi Mochamad , Firmansyah
Published: April 2021

Internet network needs are increasingly rapid in supporting current business needs. This goes hand in hand with requests for IP Address allocations for companies to measure information and business needs. The increasing demand for current IP Address allocation, the fewer the number of IP Addresses available. To fulfill the demand from the use of IP Address, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) or internet protocol was adopted as the next-generation Internet technology. Exchange of IP Address in computer network cannot be separated from the existence of routing protocol. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) also developed with the use of IPv6 to EIGRP for IPv6 (EIGRPv6). The EIGRPv6 routing concept is designed so well that it is capable of handling table routing that is very large and more efficient than the previous EIGRP. In large-scale computer networks must use good security. One method of network security is the Access Control List (ACL) capable of supporting the performance of IPv6. The application of ACL in this study is able to filter the access of network users by using IPv6 Extended ACL. Based on the results of EIGRPv6 network testing, the average packet delivery time is 7.6ms. And the application of IPv6 ACL is able to limit access to Web Servers, ICMP and FTP Servers properly.