bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Progenitor-Derived exosomes Induce Macrophage M2 Polarization via SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 axis and Improve the Outcome of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yuan Feifei , Peng Wei , Yang Yuying , Xu Jiaqi , Liu Yudong , Xie Yong , Huang Tingmo , Shi Chaoran , Ding Yinghe , Xie Shanshan , Lu Hongbin , Huang Jianjun , Hu Jianzhong
Published: October 2022

Background
Macrophage in the spinal cord injury (SCI) area imparts a chronic pro-inflammation effect that challenges the recovery of SCI. Previously, endothelial progenitor cell-produced exosomes (EPC-EXOs) have been noticed to facilitate revascularization and inflammation control after SCI. However, their effects on macrophage polarization remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the EPC-EXOs' role in macrophage polarization and reveal its underlying mechanism.
Methods
We extracted the macrophages and EPC from the bone marrow suspension of C57BL/L mice by centrifugation. After cell identification, the EPC-EXOs were collected by ultra-high-speed centrifugation and exosome extraction kits and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Then, macrophages were cultured with EPC-EXOs in different concentrations. We labeled the exosome to confirm its internalization by macrophage and detected the macrophage polarization marker level both in vitro and in vivo. We further estimated EPC-EXOs' protective effects on SCI by mice spinal cord tissue H&E staining and motor behavior evaluation. Finally, we performed RT-qPCR to identify the upregulated miRNA in EPC-EXOs and manipulate its expression to estimate its role in macrophage polarization, SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation, and motor behavior improvement.
Results
We found that EPC-EXOs decreased the macrophages’ M1 polarization marker expression and increased their M2 polarization marker expression on the 7 and 14 days after SCI. The spinal cord H&E staining results showed that EPC-EXOs raised the tissue-sparing area rate significantly after 28 days of SCI and the motor behavior evaluation indicated an increased BMS score and motor evoked potential by EPC-EXOs treatment after SCI. The RT-qPCR assay identified that miR-222-3P was specifically upregulated in EPC-EXOs and its miRNA-mimic also decreased the M1 polarization and increased the M2 polarization of macrophages. Additionally, miR-222-3P mimic activated the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibition blocked miR-2223P’s effects on macrophage polarization and mouse motor behavior.
Conclusion
Comprehensively, we discovered that EPC-EXOs-derived miR-222-3P affected macrophage polarization via SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and promoted mouse functional repair after SCI. This reveals EPC-EXOs’ role in macrophage polarization and will provide a novel interventional strategy to induce the poste-SCI recovery.
Android Applications Classification with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mohammed Mustapha Adamu , Asante Michael , Alornyo Seth , Essah Bernard Obo
Published: October 2022

In an effort to foster the growth of Android in the mobile operating system market and keep current consumers, Google has made millions of applications, some of which are free and others of which are paid apps, available in the Google Play store. Users have, however, regu- larly complained that the store is full of malicious apps and low quality apps, putting their devices and personal information at risk. Detec- tion of mobile applications vulnerabilities remains a significant challenge due to the constant evolution of methods to obfusticate and circumvent current detection and security schemes.The ability to correctly classify and categorize mobile applications, especially those built for Android, is crucial for separating malignant applications from benign ones thereby protecting the many more devices of unsuspecting users.This paper presents a deep neural network technique to classify android applications into legitimate and malware applications. Specifically,we first proposed applications classification model based on deep belief neural network classifier.The neural network was built and trained on real dataset to classify android-based applications using TensorFlow library and imple- mented on python programming language. We further trained and tested our neural network’s classification performance against that of four tra- ditional deep feed-forward neural networks and seven baseline models based on machine learning algorithms on the same data. According to experimental results, a deep belief neural network-based model could accurately categorize Android apps into benign and malicious cate- gories with 98.7% of the time. Compared to all previous deep learning and machine learning methods, this represents a significant improve- ment. Also,the categorization accuracy of the DBN model is better than that of numerous other models examined by earlier researchers.
WITHDRAWN: Helicobacter pylori Primary and Secondary Antimicrobial Resistance through 22 Years of Culture Experience (2000-2021)
Authors: de Arbulo Marta Gomez-Ruiz , Tamayo Esther , Bujanda Luis , Mendibil Leire , Mendiola Josune , Cilla Gustavo , Montes Milagrosa
Published: October 2022

Background
Helicobacter pylori gastritis is considered to be an infectious disease, irrespective of an individual’s symptoms and stage of disease. Until now, most consensus recommendations were based on empirical treatments conditional on local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The aim of this study was to provide information about the primary and secondary antimicrobial resistance rates in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain, and to share the experience of H. pylori culture followed by susceptibility testing.
Methods
In total, 31,406 gastroduodenal biopsies and 2,641 string tests from patients over the age of 15 were plated on selective media, isolating H. pylori in 36.7% of biopsies and 50.7% of string tests. Antibiograms could be performed in 96.6% (12,399/12,835) of H pylori isolates. Overall, 10.8% (1,343/12,399) of antibiograms were obtained from second or subsequent samples from the same patient. PCRs were also used to detect H. pylori and its clarithromycin resistance.
Results
Primary resistance to amoxicillin and tetracycline was unusual, 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively. Primary resistances to clarithromycin and metronidazole remained constant through the 22-years of study, around 14% and 30% respectively. Primary resistance to levofloxacin tripled from 7.6% in 2000 to 21.7% in 2021 (p < 0.001) and grew with patient’s increasing age. Simultaneous resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole and levofloxacin was 1.8%. Secondary resistance to all antimicrobials was significantly higher than primary resistance.
Conclusion
We encourage Microbiology laboratories to perform culture and/or PCR of H. pylori followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, allowing physicians to follow a tailored treatment strategy.
Complete thoracoscopic S9 and/or S10 segmentectomy through a pulmonary ligament approach: a case control study
Authors: Mitsuboshi Shota , Matsumoto Takako , Omata Motoka , Shidei Hiroaki , Ogihara Akira , Koen Akihiro , Aoshima Hiroe , Isaka Tamami , Kanzaki Masato
Published: October 2022

Background
The high resolution of computed tomography has found the pulmonary ligaments that consists of a double serous layer of visceral pleura, forms the intersegmental septum, and enters the lung parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the clinical feasibility of thoracoscopic segmentectomy (TS) of the lateral basal segment (S9), posterior basal segment (S10), and both through the pulmonary ligament (PL).
Methods
Between February 2009 and November 2021, 542 patients underwent segmentectomy for malignant lung tumors at Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). This study included 51 patients. Among them, 40 underwent a complete TS of the S9, S10, or both by the PL approach (PL group), and the remaining 11 by the interlobar fissure approach (IF group).
Results
Patients’ characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups. In the PL group, 34 underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and 6 underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the IF group, all 11 underwent VATS. Operation duration, estimated blood loss, and postoperative complication frequency were not significantly different between these groups, but the maximum tumor diameter showed a significant difference. Local recurrence was observed in only 2 patients from the IF group.
Conclusions
Complete TS of the S9, S10, and both through the PL is a reasonable option for tumors located in such segments.
Comparison of Reproductive Performance of Black Sea Salmon Broodstock (Salmo labrax PALLAS, 1814) Reaching First Sexual Maturity at Different Ages
Authors: Özel Osman Tolga , Çakmak Eyüp , Çankırılıgil Ekrem Cem , Düzgüneş Zehra Duygu , Çimagil Recayi , Batir Esin
Published: October 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine the individual first maturation age diversity in hatchery originated F6 generation Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) broodstock created by applying a selective breeding program. The study was carried out in freshwater ponds and marine net cage systems between 2018–2021. In the study, 136 broodstock reaching the first sexual maturity at the age of 22 months, 87 of the broodstock reaching the age of 34 months and 3 of those reaching the age of 46 months were evaluated. Total egg production, relative egg production, egg diameter and fertilization rates were determined at the first stripping of broodstock that reached sexual maturity at different ages. The first gonadal development measurements and stripping studies were carried out for broodstock aged 22 months in 2018–2019, 34 months in 2019–2020 and 46 months in 2020–2021. Total egg yields of 22, 34 and 46 months old broodstock, which were stripped, were calculated 1108.98 ± 40.73, 3869.02 ± 138.43 and 5899.52 ± 1143.78 egg/broodstock, relative egg yields were calculated 3024.87 ± 87, 2291.90 ± 89.52 and 1816.00 ± 284.51 egg/broodstock, egg diameters were measured 4,40 ± 0,00, 5,07 ± 0,00 and 5,35 ± 0,00 mm, fertilization rate were determined %92,21 ± 0,87, %95,69 ± 1,65 and 89,83 ± 2,77 respectively. In the broodstock, individuals with a first maturation age of 22 months have predominantly red spots with a white halo around the perimeter, individuals with a first maturation age of 34 months have predominantly silvery coloration with black spots, individuals with a first maturation age of 46 months have completely silvery coloration with black spots.
A new approach to peer review assessments: Score, then rank
Authors: Gallo Stephen A. , Pearce Michael , Lee Carole J. , Erosheva Elena A.
Published: October 2022

Background: In many peer review settings, proposals are selected for funding onthe basis of some summary statistics – such as the mean, median, or percentile –of review scores. There are numerous challenges to working with scores. Theseinclude low inter-rater reliability, epistemological differences, susceptibility tovarying levels of leniency or harshness of reviewers, and the presence of ties. Adifferent approach that is able to mitigate some of these issues would be toadditionally collect rankings such as top-k preferences or paired comparisons andincorporate them in the analysis of review scores. Rankings and pairedcomparisons are scale-free and can enforce demarcation between proposals bydesign. However, analyzing scores and rankings simultaneously has not been doneuntil recently due to the lack of tools for principled modeling.
Methods: We first introduce an innovative protocol for collecting rankingsamong top quality proposals. This rankings collection is done as an add-on to thetypical peer review procedures focused on scores and does not require reviewersto rank all proposals. We then present statistical methodology for obtaining anintegrated score for each proposal, and from the integrated scores an inducedpreference ordering, that captures both types of peer review inputs: scores andrankings. Our statistical methodology allows for the collected rankings to differfrom the score-implied rankings; this feature is essential when the two qualityassessments disagree which, as we find empirically, often happens in peer review.We illustrate how our method quantifies the uncertainty in order to betterunderstand reviewer preferences among similarly scored proposals.
Results: Using artificial “toy” examples and real peer review data, wedemonstrate that incorporating top-k rankings into scores allows us to betterlearn when reviewers can distinguish between proposals. We also examine therobustness of this system to partial rankings, inconsistencies between ratings andrankings, and outliers. Finally, we discuss how, using panel data, this method canprovide information about funding priority that provides a level of accuracy in aformat that is well suited for the types of decisions research funders make.
Conclusions: The gathering of both rating and ranking data and the use ofintegrated scores and its induced preference ordering can have many advantagesover methods relying on ratings alone, leveraging more information to mostaccurately distill reviewer opinion into a useful output to make the most informedfunding decision.
Detecting Deception using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning in Datasets on Covid-19 and Climate Change
Authors: Brzic Barbara , Boticki Ivica , Babac Marina Bagic
Published: October 2022

Deception in computer-mediated communication represents a threat and there is a growing need to develop efficient methods of detecting it. Machine learning models have, through natural language processing, proven to be extremely successful in detecting lexical patterns related to deception. In this study, four selected machine learning models are trained and tested on data collected through a crowdsourcing platform on the topics of Covid-19 and climate change. The performance of the models was tested by analyzing n-grams (from unigrams to trigrams), and by using psycho-linguistic analysis. A selection of important features was carried out and further deepened by additional testing of the models on different subsets of the obtained features. The developed models were tested using own and alternative data in order to examine their applicability. The performance of the models trained on combined data are examined, to gain insight into the possibility of generalization and models’ applicability to different datasets. This study concludes that the domain of the collected data, more precisely the subjectivity of the collected data topic, greatly affects the performance of machine learning models in detecting hidden linguistic features of deception. The psycho-linguistic analysis alone and in combination with n-grams achieves better classification results than n-gram analysis while testing the models on own data, but also while examining the possibility of generalization, especially on trigrams where the combined approach achieves notably higher accuracy. The n-gram analysis proved to be a more robust method during the testing of the mutual applicability of the models, while psycho-linguistic analysis remained most inflexible.
Steering the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis under oxygen-limited conditions with anode assisted electro-fermentation
Authors: Sun Yu , Kokko Marika , Vassilev Igor
Published: October 2022

Background: Bacillus subtilis is generally regarded as a ubiquitous facultative anaerobe. Oxygen is the major electron acceptor of B. subtilis, and when oxygen is absent, B. subtilis can donate electrons to nitrate or perform fermentation. An anode electrode can also be used by microorganisms as the electron sink in systems called anodic electro-fermentation. The facultative anaerobic character of B. subtilis makes it an excellent candidate to explore with different electron acceptors, including an anode. This study aimed to optimise industrial aerobic bioprocesses using alternative electron acceptors. In particular, the change of metabolism and end product spectrum of B. subtilis with different electron acceptors, including anode from the electro-fermentation system, was investigated.
Results: B. subtilis was grown using three electron acceptors, i.e., oxygen, nitrate, and anode (poised at a potential of 0.70 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). The results showed oxygen had a crucial role for cells to remain metabolically active. When nitrate or anode was applied as the sole electron acceptor anaerobically, immediate cell lysis and limited glucose consumption were observed. In anode assisted electro-fermentation with a limited aeration rate, acetoin, as the main end product showed the highest yield of 0.78 ± 0.04 molproduct/molglucose, 2-fold higher than without poised potential (0.39 ± 0.08 molproduct/molglucose).
Conclusions: Oxygen controls B. subtilis biomass growth, alternative electron acceptors utilisation and metabolites formation. Limited oxygen/air supply enabled the bacteria to donate excess electrons to nitrate or anode, leading to steered metabolic pathways. The anode assisted electro-fermentation showed its potential to boost acetoin production for future industrial biotechnology applications.
100 important questions about Bitcoin’s energy use and ESG impacts
Authors: Rudd Murray A.
Published: October 2022

Bitcoin currently consumes about 0.4% of global electricity and some vocal critics have argued that widespread Bitcoin production and adoption will exacerbate global warming. Bitcoin advocates, on the other hand, have been dismayed by critics’ apparent lack of willingness to scrutinize Bitcoin’s potential role in helping improve the economics of renewable energy investments, reduce net emissions from methane venting and flaring, increase electricity grid efficiency, and provide higher-order environmental, social, and governance (ESG) benefits. Given the disparate views, there is a pressing need to identify key knowledge needs regarding Bitcoin’s net energy use, carbon emissions, and direct and indirect ESG impacts. I used a variation on the ‘key questions’ horizon scanning approach to identify 100 questions that, if answered, could help provide credible evidence to support policy-makers’, investors’, and research funders’ decision-making on issues relating to the impact of Bitcoin production and adoption. The questions are distributed across 13 themes (Bitcoin energy use – the big picture; mitigating methane emissions; electricity grid transition; Bitcoin mining – site choices and costs; Bitcoin security; retail, institutional, and national Bitcoin adoption; governance; values and beliefs; inflation and discount rate; adaptive capacity; narratives; knowledge creation and communication; and social impacts). The breadth of knowledge required to answer key questions highlights the need to develop a prioritized research agenda, build research capacity, and encourage collaborative cross-sectoral and -disciplinary research. Defensible policy analyses that consider the net impact of interacting factors are needed to support evidence-based decision-making by investors, regulators, and policy-makers.
Left Ventricular Inflow to Outflow Angle and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels Post- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Tsuda Masaki , Egami Yasuyuki , Nakamura Hitoshi , Yasumoto Koji , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga-Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) indicates poor clinical outcomes. Limited information exists on the predictors of increased BNP. This study aimed to evaluate whether the left ventricular inflow to outflow (LVIO) angle, assessd using computed tomography, is associated with BNP increase post-TAVI.
Methods
We assessed 144 consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI for native aortic stenosis without new-onset atrial fibrillation and pacemaker implantation post-TAVI. Based on the BNP ratio (BNP at 30 days post-TAVI / BNP pre-TAVI), we divided the patients into the BNP-rise (BNP ratio > 1) and non BNP-rise groups (BNP ratio ≤ 1), and compared the LVIO angle, as well as baseline, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics between them.
Results
Forty-five (31%) patients were classified as BNP-rise. The systolic LVIO angle was significantly smaller in the BNP-rise than the non BNP-rise group (119.2° ± 7.2° vs. 124.3° ± 7.2°, P < 0.01); although, the mean aortic gradient, BNP level, and calcium volume of the aortic valve at baseline were significantly lower in the BNP-rise group. Procedural characteristics did not differ between the groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the systolic LVIO angle of < 118° was independently associated with increased BNP levels post-TAVI (Odd ratio 7.01, 95% confidence interval 2.37–20.79, P < 0.01), in addition to the mean aortic gradient and aortic valve calcium volume.
Conclusions
The systolic LVIO angle correlated with increase in BNP levels post-TAVI, independent of pre-procedural aortic stenosis severity. A small systolic LVIO angle may necessitate close follow-up post-TAVI.
Contribution of prophylactic administration of flurbiprofen for mesenteric traction syndrome to postoperative leakage or bleeding in gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Suzuki Manzo , Shibata Junpei , Mochizuki Toshiaki , Bito Hiroyasu
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Mesenteric traction syndrome sometimes occurs during abdominal surgery. Prophylactic administration of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, prevents the development of mesenteric traction syndrome. However, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for postoperative pain increases the incidence of postoperative bleeding. Our aim was to examine the effect of prophylactic flurbiprofen administration on postoperative leakage or bleeding after gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods
A retrospective observational study on patients who underwent open or laparoscopic abdominal surgery was conducted. Perioperative, anesthesia and medical records were reviewed. Patients who did (Group F) or did not receive (Group C) prophylactic flurbiprofen administration were compared. Then, Group F (Group FM and Group FC) and Group C (Group CM and Group CC) were each divided into patients who did or did not develop mesenteric traction syndrome, respectively.
Results
This study included 188 patients (Group FM, 1 patient; Group FC, 31 patients; Group CM, 59 patients; Group CC, 97 patients). Seventeen patients developed postoperative leakage or bleeding. Eleven group CM patients (18.6%), 4 group FC patients (12%), and only 2 group CC patients (2%) developed postoperative leakage or bleeding.
Conclusion
Prophylactic flurbiprofen administration increased the risk of postoperative leakage or bleeding among patients who did not develop mesenteric traction syndrome.
Holographic entanglement entropy with Power-MaxWell electrodynamics in higher dimensional AdS black hole spacetime
Authors: Wang Kongchen , Zhang Wanhe , Yao Weiping
Published: October 2022

We investigate the behaviors of scalar operator and holographic entanglement entropy in metal/superconductor phase transition with Power-MaxWell electrodynamics in higher dimensional background away from the probe limit. We observe that the larger Power-MaxWell parameter b makes the phase transition more difficult and the critical temperature decreases more slowly as the factor b increases. In the belt geometry, we find that the holographic entanglement entropy is a powerful tool to probe the critical temperature and the order of the phase transition. At the phase transition point, the entanglement entropy increases with the increase of the factor b and the belt width of the geometry ℓ. Interestingly, the width ℓ has no effect on critical temperature of the phase transition.
PACS numbers: 11.25.Tq, 04.70.Bw, 74.20.-z, 97.60.Lf.
A hydraulic model of the Amur River informed with ICESat-2 elevation
Authors: Bauer-Gottwein Peter , Zakharova Elena , Frías Monica Coppo , Ranndal Heidi , Nielsen Karina , Christoffersen Linda , Liu Jun , Jiang Liguang
Published: October 2022

Accurate predictions of water surface elevation (WSE) in rivers at high spatial and temporal resolution are important for flood/drought risk assessment and flood/drought forecasting and management. River WSE is the key parameter controlling inundation of the areas surrounding the river, river navigability and water availability, e.g. for cooling purposes and hydropower. WSE in a river is controlled by three main factors: discharge, riverbed geometry, and hydraulic roughness. In well-monitored rivers, discharge and riverbed geometry are known from in-situ monitoring stations and geodetic surveys, respectively, while effective hydraulic roughness is typically determined using inverse hydraulic modelling techniques. In remote and poorly instrumented rivers, both discharge and riverbed geometry are highly uncertain and WSE is therefore hard to predict. ICESat-2 laser altimetry provides accurate elevation transects across the river at very high spatial resolution (70 cm along track). Globally available digital elevation models have 30m resolution and ICESat-2 laser altimetry thus resolves river cross section geometry at a much higher level of detail and accuracy. This paper demonstrates how ICESat-2 elevation transects can be used to parameterize a basin-scale hydraulic model of a major river. The workflow is demonstrated for the transboundary Amur River in North-East Asia. Simulated WSE is subsequently validated against a large dataset of in-situ and satellite altimetry observations and we demonstrate that the model can reproduce available WSE observations throughout the basin with acceptable accuracy.
A Comprehensive Report on the First Filipino Monkeypox Case: From Clinical Presentation to Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Ylaya Edward Matthew Z. , Grande Phoebe Grace B. , Dancel Lei Lanna M. , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Polotan Francisco Gerardo M. , Pantoni Roslind Anne R. , Celis Czarina Christelle Alyannah S. , Melo Ezekiel A. , Ortia Stephen Paul B. , Manalo Joanna Ina G. , Abulencia Miguel Francisco B. , Dizon Timothy John R. , Chu Maria Yna Joyce , Bucoy-Sy Ma. Carmela P.G. , Adasa Gisella U. , Gascon Aileen G. , Roman Arthur Dessi E.
Published: October 2022

Background: With the World Health Organization’s declaration of the 2022 multi-country monkeypox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), we report the first confirmed case of monkeypox infection in a Filipino with clinical presentation different from the classic monkeypox cases previously reported in endemic countries of Central and West Africa before the 2022 outbreak. We describe monkeypox infection's gross and dermatopathological appearances on Southeast Asian brown skin. We also discuss the detailed process of monkeypox quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing for diagnostic confirmation and the pioneering application of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize the infecting virus.

Case Presentation: This was a case of a 31-year-old male Filipino with a travel history to several European countries. He developed five non-tender, well-defined, umbilicated pustules with erythematous borders on the upper lip, the left gluteal area, bilateral knees, and the left ankle. Skin punch biopsy findings were suggestive of a viral infection. Monkeypox infection from Clade II (previously known as the West African clade) was confirmed by detecting and amplifying the G2R_G, G2R_WA, and C3L gene targets using qPCR. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing subsequently identified a monkeypox genome sequence belonging to B.1.3 lineage of Clade IIb, associated with the current multi-country outbreak. The serologic varicella IgM test was positive but varicella PCR of the skin lesion and metagenomic sequencing did not indicate the presence of the varicella virus. The patient was discharged and continued isolation at home until all scabs had completely fallen off.

Conclusions: The presence of pustules among patients with risk factors such as possible close physical contact with infected individuals in areas with reported cases of monkeypox should raise suspicion for such an infection. Dermatopathological findings of the patient’s skin lesions were consistent with a viral infection but were non-specific for monkeypox infection. The establishment and optimization of the qPCR protocol were necessary to confirm monkeypox infection from Clade II. Metagenomic sequencing successfully characterized the etiologic agent of the first laboratory-confirmed monkeypox case in the Philippines belonging to Clade IIb which is mainly responsible for the 2022 monkeypox global outbreak.
Transient dynamics of an axially moving beam subject to continuously distributed moving mass
Authors: Hua Hongliang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the transverse vibrations of an axially moving cantilever beam subject to a continuously distributed moving mass is studied numerically. An elastic coupling coefficient is introduced to describe the actual elastic coupling effect between the beam and moving mass. The motion equations of the system are derived by Lagrange’s equation and Galerkin method. The Newmark-beta direct time integrating method is adopted to analyze the dynamic responses. The motion equations are verified by comparing the dynamic responses with previous literature. An interesting energy separation phenomenon is observed when the moving mass separates from the beam. The effects of moving mass parameters (moving mass velocity, length, and elastic coupling coefficient) on beam dynamics and the energy separation phenomenon are discussed. It has been observed that the elastic coupling effect between the beam and moving mass has a significant effect on beam dynamics.
What Really Drives Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from The Lasso Regularization and Inferential Techniques
Authors: Ofori Isaac K. , Obeng Camara K. , Asongu Simplice A.
Published: October 2022

The question of what really drives economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been debated for many decades now. However, there is still a lack of clarity on variables crucial for driving growth as prior contributions have been executed at the backdrop of preferential selection of covariates in the midst several of potential drivers of economic growth. The main challenge with such contribution is that even tenuous variables may be deemed influential under some model specifications and assumptions. To address this and inform policy appropriately, we train algorithms for four machine learning regularization techniques— the Standard lasso, the Adaptive lasso, the Minimum Schwarz Bayesian information criterion lasso, and the Elasticnet to study patterns in a dataset containing 113 covariates and identify the key variables affecting growth in SSA. We find that only 7 covariates are key for driving growth in SSA. Estimates of these variables are provided by running the lasso inferential techniques of double-selection linear regression, partialing-out lasso linear regression, and partialing-out lasso instrumental variable regression. Policy recommendations are also provided in line with the AfCFTA and the green growth agenda of the region.
Operation of a programmable microfluidic organic analyzer under microgravity conditions simulating space flight environments
Authors: Kim Jungkyu (Jay) , Estlack Zachary , Golozar Matin , Butterworth Anna , Mathies Richard
Published: October 2022

A programmable microfluidic organic analyzer is developed for detecting life signatures beyond Earth and for clinical monitoring of astronaut health. Extensive environmental tests including various gravitational fields are required to confirm the functionality of this analyzer and to advance its overall Technology Readiness Level (TRL). This work examines how a programmable microfluidic analyzer performs under simulated Lunar, Martian, zero, and hypergravity conditions during a parabolic flight. We confirm that the functionality of the programmable microfluidic analyzer is minimally affected by large changes in gravitational field, thus paving the way for its use in a variety of space mission opportunities.
A New Nonlinear Optimization Model for Grate Cooler Fans Selective Maintenance Problem in Cement Industries Considering with Random and Economic Dependence
Authors: Khosravi Mohammad , Mostafayi Sobhan , Taheridoustabad Iman
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a new nonlinear optimization model for multi-state multi-components systems considering with random and economic dependence is presented for Grate Cooler Fans maintenance problem in Cement industries. The objective function minimizes failure unreliability in future missions subject to cost and time constraints. Actually, the applied constraints caused operation time of carrying out maintenance can be extended to the predetermined time in return to pay its penalty. In the proposed model, economic dependence with the positive effect of simultaneous maintenance executions start time in different components is investigated. Furthermore, grate cooler fans performance is considered under the impression of effects of propagated failures with global effect and failure isolation phenomena that the occurrence probability of propagated failures with global effect on both of the drive and dependent components is discussed. Also, existing more than one drive components based on technical structures of grate cooler fans is possible. The computational results are presented on a real-world case study. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses on the main parameters of the problem are performed to derive some managerial insights that can help corresponding decision makers provide suitable and homogeneous maintenance services in the case study environment.
Utilization of facility based health care and Associated Factors during COVID 19 Pandemic in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia
Authors: Abeya Sileshi Garoma , Geleta Kasahun Sime , Barkesa Segni Bobo , Sadi Chala Gari , Mohammed Seada Ahmed , Wako Endale Bacha , Gemeda Dereje Duguma , Muleta Fekadu Yadeta , Hurisa Mengistu Bekele , Bayisa Dereje Abdena , Bajiga Gemechu Shume , Deybasso Haji Aman , Sori Birhanu Kenate
Published: October 2022

Background
The utilization of facility-based health care was among the means to tackle the transmission of the COVID 19 and protection of better health. However, reluctance to the utilization of facility-based health care has been reported to be a major problem everywhere in the globe including Ethiopia.
Purpose
To assess the utilization of facility-based health care and associated factors among adults in Oromia regional state, Ethiopia.
Participant and Methods:
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a quantitative approach among the randomly selected 2751 adults aged 18 years and above. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. Descriptive statistics was computed. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P-Value < 0.05 was used as a cut-off point to declare the significance in the final model.
Results
Overall, 25.5% (95%CI: 24.6%, 26.4%) of respondents utilized facility based essential health care. Agro-pastoralist (AOR, 0.50; 95%CI: 0.48, 0. 63), urban residence (AOR, 0.66; 95%CI: 0.48, 0.92), Orthodox religion followers (AOR, 0.58; 95%CI: 0.41, 0.81), marital statuses (AOR, 0.45; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.99), poor level of knowledge (AOR, 0.70; 95%CI: 0.52, 0.91], unfavorable attitude (AOR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.84] were less likely to utilize facility based Health Care.
Conclusions
Only 646 (25.5%) of respondents visited health facilities after the commencement of the COVID 19 pandemic. Activities to increase the utilization of essential health care services are crucial through appropriate information outlets.
A Unique Form of Ritualism of the Early Medieval Population of Sambia
Authors:   Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimir I. Kulakov
Published: October 2022

Three decades ago, the author of these paper excavated a number of burials at the Dollkeim/Kovrovo-1 soil burial ground (Zelenogradsky district, Kaliningrad region). At the beginning of the summer of 1981, under an agreement with the Kaliningradmelioratsia Association, the Baltic Expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences carried out excavations at the burial ground, part of which fell under the laying of reclamation pipes. After the completion of the excavation work, the author of these lines described a variant of the rituals of the Prussians of the early Middle Ages, unknown until then. It was presented as an inhumation on a wooden platform, named option “a” and was interpreted as a possible transition from cremation to inhumation burial. This variant “a” was presented only at five complexes of the Dollkeim/Kovrovo-1 burial ground. Since then, new data have been received on the funeral rituals of the population of Sambia in the post-Viking era, which allows us to return to the problem of the special form of burials at the Dollkeim/Kovrovo-1 burial ground. All the burials found on eastern outskirts of the Kovrovo settlement were created practically according to a single standard. The deceased tribesman was placed by his relatives on a platform made of wood and resting on stakes. Funerary food was laid on the platform in circular vessels, the fragments of which were subsequently subjected to secondary firing. After the installation of the platform was completed, it was burned. Concerning the situation with burial K2, after the combustion had been completed, its remains were raked to the side and the place of burning could be used repeatedly. As analogies from Western Lithuania show, excavations in 1981 at the Dollkeim/Kovrovo-1 burial ground unearthed a form of burial ritual that was Curonian in origin and survived in Sambia until the pre-Orden time. Further study of this rare form of ritualism will show the connections between the Western Baltic tribes on the threshold of order aggression.
Khalkhas Tsogtu Khuntaiji: Dissonance of Assessments in Historiography
Authors:   National Archives of Mongolia, Poogoo Chultemsuren Poogoo Chultemsuren , Alexander D. Gombozhapov ,   Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2022

The article presents an analysis of the political and religious activities of Tsogtu Khuntaiji, one of the controversial personalities in the history of Mongolia. In the analysis of the activities of Tsogtu Khuntaiji, the historical-biographical method was applied. It made it possible to trace the origins of the political views of Tsogtu Khuntaiji. The application of the comparative historical method revealed common features and similarities in the political trends of Inner (Southern) and Khalkha (Northern) Mongolia. Analytical comparison of the main circumstances of the political struggle among the ruling stratum showed that the religious factor has become the main dividing line of the warring parties. Using the materials of written and folklore sources, the motives and reasons that prompted Tsogtu Khuntaiji to come out as a supporter of Ligden Khan are traced. The latter was the bearer of the title of Great khan and sought to revive a single Mongolian state. To resolve this issue, the nature of the relationship between Tsogto Khuntaiji and the influential princely houses of Khalkha is considered. It is shown that the general dissatisfaction of the nobility with the activities of Tsogto Khuntaiji was expressed in the person of the rulers of large Mongolian specific possessions: Sain-noyon, Tushetu-khan and Setsen-khan. The support of Tsogto Khuntaiji for the policy of centralization of power in the hands of the Chakhar Ligden Khan led, in the conditions of the specificity of the Mongol rulers of Khalkha, to his gradual isolation, which eventually turned into expulsion from his native lands. An external factor was added to the complex tangle of interweaving of internal political conditions and religious relations ‒ the emerging state of the Manchus, which, having become the center of attraction for the Mongolian elite, was interested in the fragmentation of the Mongolian political space. It is possible that the political position of Tsogto Khuntaiji acquired its final features precisely under the influence of this circumstance.
Work of the Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Society for the Study of the History and Culture of the Mongolian Nation in the 1920s
Authors:   Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat State University, Ivan N. Semushev
Published: October 2022

The events of 1917 had a major effect on all spheres of society in the former Russian Empire. These events also had a major effect on the development of scientific and educational activities. The study of the features and experience of scientific and educational institutions of the 1920s is important and significant for more effective construction of research activities, state policy in the field of science. This article reviews the history and work of the first scientific and educational institutions of Buryatia. The processes of studying the history and culture of the Mongolian peoples are considered on the example of the works of the Dorzhi Banzarov Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Society formed in 1924. There is a connection between the scientific Oriental institutions of pre-revolutionary Russia and the new Soviet scientific organizations. The article views the history of the Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Society, its structure, main directions and results of work. The results of scientific and educational work in Buryat-Mongolia were also evaluated. The article is based on materials from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and the State Archive of the Irkutsk region. The institution consisted of three main sections: political-economic (economic), physical-geographical and historical-ethnological. Special attention is paid to the work of the historical and ethnological section of the society, which has made a great contribution to the development of historical science, the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian peoples, educational activities, as well as the accumulation, description and preservation of archival materials. An important source for writing the article was the print publication of the Buryat-Mongolian scientific society “Buryatievedenie”, the lectures of participants published in it and reports on the work of the institution. An important aspect of the study is the matter of changes in state policy in relation to scientific, educational, local history societies in the early 1930s and its impact on research work in Buryat-Mongolia.
Jewish Education State Policy in the First Half of the XIXth Century
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Inna N. Mamkina
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on the problem of reforming national education in the Russian Empire in the first half of the XIXth century. The author draws attention to the significance of the value attitudes of the state education system in a multi-confessional and multi-ethnic state. The study aims to analyze the Jewish education state policy. The work is written on the basis of the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, allowing to trace the development of Jewish education in relation to other historical phenomena. The author used problem-chronological, formal-legal, comparative, and other methods. The source base is represented by the office documentation of the Committee for Determining measures for the Radical Transformation of Jews of the 733 fund of the Russian State Historical Archive, legislative acts regulating the legal status of Jews. The author notes that for a long time the Jewish community in Russia has maintained a traditional education system based on the study of the principles of Judaism. The Regulation adopted in 1804 secured the right of Jews to secular education while preserving elements of the traditional school. It is noted that all subsequent actions of the government regarding secular education did not find support from Jews. In 1840, by decree of Nicholas I, a Committee was formed to determine measures for the radical transformation of Jews. Representatives of the Jewish community, scientists, and rabbis were involved in the work of the Committee. The result of the activity was the establishment of stateowned Jewish schools, the development of curricula with the preservation of elements of traditional Jewish education. As a conclusion, the author notes that the results of the reform were ambiguous. The attempt to destroy the traditional Jewish school provoked opposition from Jews. At the same time, the reform laid the foundation for the development of secular education, contributed to the formation of teaching staff.
Chinese Workers at the Gold Mines of Sretensky and Chita Districts in the Second Half of the 1920s: Adaptation to New Socio-Cultural Conditions
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Vasilina A. Sazonova
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the stay of Chinese migrants on the territory of the Sretensky and Chita districts in the late 1920s. Due to the insufficient study of this topic, the paper aims to analyze the living conditions of Chinese workers in gold mines. The methodological basis of the work is the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. Moreover, the author uses historical and legal methods of scientific research. The study revealed that at the end of the 1920s, the Soviet leadership set the task of accelerating the development and modernization of the economy. Particular attention was paid to gold mining, as the most important branch of the mining industry in the Far Eastern region, requiring immediate restoration. To implement the tasks set by the state, labor was required. In connection with the emergence of objective difficulties in finding workers from the internal reserves of the country, the state authorities decided to attract Chinese migrants as a cheap labor force. Many sectors of the national economy experienced a shortage of workers, including the gold mining enterprises of Sretensky and Chita districts. In turn, due to the unfavorable economic conditions that developed in China at the beginning of the 20th century, Chinese citizens were forced to look for a source of income in a neighboring country. On the basis of published materials and documents obtained from the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the author comprehensively covers the life and work of Chinese workers on Soviet territory, as well as the difficulties they faced at the enterprises of the Territory. Due to the fact, that Chinese labor played an important role in mining enterprises, the author paid special attention to the study of working and living conditions of Chinese workers in the gold mines of Sretensky and Chita districts of the Far Eastern Territory. As a result, it was revealed that the main problems of Chinese workers were low wages, difficult working conditions, lack of adequate medical care, ethnic conflicts, inaction on the part of economic authorities, etc. The author pays special attention to the description of the unsatisfactory living conditions in which Chinese migrants had to work in gold mines. Despite the fact that these problems were not ignored by the mining management and government bodies, the measures taken were often untimely and insufficient, which forced Chinese migrants to seek employment of their labor in other enterprises of the region.