bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Oral Health in Non-Commissioned Soldiers of Bangladesh Army attended the Dhaka Combined Military Hospital
Authors: Saha Arup Kumar , Khan Most Shahana Afroge , Al Mamun Shaik Abdullah , Das Diti Rani , Uddin Helal , Kamal Md Mustafa
Published: February 2013

Aims: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted  comprising 100 non-commissioned soldiers of Bangladesh Army  attended Dhaka combined military hospital (CMH) during January to  July 2012, to find out the factors affecting their oral health. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by structured  questionnaire. Collected data were compiled, tabulated, analyzed by  computer using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 30.16±5.09 (range 20-  41) years where about 60% were married.Most (91%) of  themcompleted secondary school certificate. Eightypercent (80%)  lived in barracks and 97% had idea about dental diseases and 3%  had not.Of all, 73% respondents brushed their teeth once daily and  27%, twice daily.Majority(76%)respondents brushed their teeth at  morning and the lowest 11% after breakfast and the rest (13%)  brushed their teeth at bed time.Ninety nine percent(99%)  respondents used tooth paste as cleaning materials and only 1%  respondents used something else.In this study, 40.0% visited dentist  once in a year, 17% twice in a year and 43% did never visit dentist  without dental problem. Usually48% visited dental chamber for gum  bleeding and only 1%visited for regular dental checkups. Among the  respondents, 36% visited dental chamber for pain and 15% visited  dental chamber for detection of dental caries by themselves. The  notable bad habits were not observed among 84.0% of the  respondents. A few respondents had smoking (6.0%), betel nut  chewing (4.0%) and snuff dipping (3.0%)habits. Of all,63% of the  respondents had swelling of gum and 37% had no swelling of gum.  Presence and absence of calculus on the gingival margin were found  47% and 53%, respectively. In view of individual perspective,2DMFT  had among 40.0% respondents, followed by 1DMFT, 29%,  4DMFT,12%, 3DMFT, 3.0% and 16% respondents had no DMFT.  Conclusions: Overall findings suggest that the factors that affect  the oral health were smoking, frequency of tooth brushing, having  some bat habits and visit to dentist when dental symptoms such as  bleeding gums or toothache occurred. Clinical factors included  bleeding and swollen gums, toothache and caries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13737 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
An Endodontic Enigma: A Case Report of External Inflammatory Root Resorption-2 years Follow up
Authors: Beauty Shahnaz Sultana , Sunny Shahana Dastagir , Moral Md Ali Asgor , Alam Md Shamsul
Published: February 2013

In dentistry,root resorption is the breakdown or destruction and subsequent loss of the root structure of a tooth caused by living body cells attacking part of the tooth. When the damage extends to the whole tooth is called tooth resorption. Severe root resorption is very difficult to treat and often requires the extraction of teeth. Root canal therapy has been shown to be a verysuccessful means of treating inflammatory resorption. It has been recommended to include a calcium hydroxide paste in the root canal therapy to enhance the success of the treatment out come. Calcitonin has also been suggested as an interim root canal medicament to assist in the inhibition of osteoclastic bone and dentin resorption. Calcitonin penetrates the dentinal tubules in the out word direction, thus exerting a direct effect DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13833 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Oral Health Status of the Arsenic Exposed and Non-Exposed Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Sunny Shahana Dastagir , Israt Behetarin , Saha Arup Kumar , Dithi Akashlynn Badruddoza , Illius Farida
Published: February 2013

Aims: This cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh to assess and compare the state of oral health among the arsenic exposed population affected through drinking water with the non-exposed group. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 respondents were interviewed and examined through a structured questionnaire and a checklist. Exposed group was included with or without the signs of arsenicosis.Results: Among them, 200(50%) were found exposed to arsenic and the rest 200(50%) were in non-exposed group. Study showed that 6% respondents were suffering from sensitivity of teeth, and 24.5% and 20% developed pigmentation on gingival and tongue surfaces, respectively, who used to take arsenic contaminated water, in comparison to non-exposed group, 10.9%, 5%, 0.5%, respectively. Arsenic exposed group had tooth abrasion 24%, while it was 4.5% in non-exposed group. Less caries (18.5%) was found among the arsenic exposed group than the non-exposed group (25.9%). Conclusion: Arsenic might have influence on enamel hypoplasia and this low tendency of occurring carries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13834 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Prevalence of Periodontal Diseases among Patients Attending the Outpatient Department at the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hossain Md Zahid , Fageeh Hytham N , Elagib Mohamed Fadul A
Published: February 2013

Aims: A retrospective study was performed involving 2739 patients who were attending the College of Dentistry outpatient clinic department of King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period of 1st January to 31st December, 2009. Methods: Random data were collected from the patients record files ofthe College of Dentistry who attended from 1st January to 30th December, 2009. Results: Among 2739 patients mean age 32±13 (range 11~82) years, males 86.5% and females 13.5%, were found sufferers of different types of periodontal diseases i.e., gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis cases were found 1722(63.2%), in which mild gingivitis was 49.8%, moderate gingivitis 45.8%, severe gingivitis 1.97%, acute gingivitis 0.52% and puberty gingivitis 1.80%. Total number of patients affected with various forms of periodontitis was 1009 (36.8%), in which mild periodontitis was 57.4%, moderate periodontitis 36.6%, severe periodontitis 4.95% and aggressive periodontitis 0.89%. The prevalence and severity of gingivitis was found increased with age to a peak in the 21~30 years age group, whereas, periodontitis increased significantly (p<0.001) in subjects above the age of 40 years. Conclusion: Using the research results, a greater effort can be made in providing periodontal health to the population of at or around the city of Abha, KSA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13835 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013
Cough Variant Asthma in Medical Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhattacharjee Swapna , Bhattacharjee Shekhar , Parvin Rukhsana
Published: February 2013

Background: Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a subset of asthma where the only symptom is chronic persistent cough. Many cases go unrecognized due to lack of proper evaluation. Response to asthma medication with features supportive of airway hypersensitivity helps in management of this disease. Objective: To find out the proportion of cough variant asthma among the patients attending medicine outpatient department of Enam Medical College, Savar, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka over a period of two years from July 2009 to July 2011. Cough variant asthma was diagnosed mainly on clinical ground as chronic cough without wheezing, fever, weight loss, shortness of breath or sputum or any other apparent cause that persisted for more than eight weeks with absolutely normal physical examination of chest, normal chest radiography and blood count except raised eosinophil count and IgE level. Patients who met these criteria were given 2 weeks course of inhaler beclomethasone propionate and were assessed for improvement. Those who improved after steroid inhalation were categorised as having cough variant asthma. Results: Out of purposively selected 148 patients complaining only of chronic dry cough for more than eight weeks, 92 patients met the primary selection criteria for cough variant asthma. These 92 patients were given 2 weeks trial of 250 ìgm beclomethasone inhalation twice daily. Seventy nine patients reported almost complete recovery from chronic cough after 2 weeks and were categorized as having CVA. Thirteen patients did not improve and were not categorized as CVA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cough variant asthma is the most common among the patients with chronic cough not due to any apparent cause. The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid suggests that early intervention is effective in the treatment of this disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13871 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 29-31
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis with Measles
Authors: Jahan Ishrat , Akter Shaheen , Rupa Sharmin Akhtar
Published: February 2013

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory demyelinating illness usually associated with infections or antecedent immunization. Due to control of most vaccine preventable diseases in developed countries, most cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis occur in developing countries and are seen secondary to nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections. We report a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with measles in a 2½-year-old male child despite having measles vaccination in infancy. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings and CT scan of brain. The patient was managed with high dose corticosteroids along with supportive measures. He recovered completely and follow-up for six months revealed no neurological deterioration. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13875 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 50-52
Acute Limb Ischemia in a 95-year-old Female
Authors: Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: February 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13876 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1): 53
From the Desk of Editor-in-Chief Vol.3(1)
Authors: Uddin AKM Rafique
Published: February 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v3i1.13879 J Enam Med Col 2013; 3(1)
Entropy Best Paper Award 2013
Authors: Knuth Kevin
Published: February 2013

The journal Entropy is initiating a “Best Paper” award to recognize outstanding papers in the area of entropy and information studies published in Entropy. We are pleased to announce the first “Entropy Best Paper Award” for 2013. Nominations were selected by the Editor-in-Chief and selected Editorial Board Members from all the papers published in 2009 and evaluated by the Entropy Best Paper Award Committee. Reviews and articles were evaluated separately. A first prize is awarded to the selected review paper, and a first and second prize is awarded to the top two selected research articles. [...]
Agriculture and Bioactives: Achieving Both Crop Yield and Phytochemicals
Authors: García-Mier Lina , Guevara-González Ramón , Mondragón-Olguín Víctor , Del Rocío Verduzco-Cuellar Beatriz , Torres-Pacheco Irineo
Published: February 2013

Plants are fundamental elements of the human diet, either as direct sources of nutrients or indirectly as feed for animals. During the past few years, the main goal of agriculture has been to increase yield in order to provide the food that is needed by a growing world population. As important as yield, but commonly forgotten in conventional agriculture, is to keep and, if it is possible, to increase the phytochemical content due to their health implications. Nowadays, it is necessary to go beyond this, reconciling yield and phytochemicals that, at first glance, might seem in conflict. This can be accomplished through reviewing food requirements, plant consumption with health implications, and farming methods. The aim of this work is to show how both yield and phytochemicals converge into a new vision of agricultural management in a framework of integrated agricultural practices.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of N-Substituted Pyrazolines
Authors: Loh Wan-Sin , Quah Ching , Chia Tze , Fun Hoong-Kun , Sapnakumari Majal , Narayana Badiadka , Sarojini Balladka
Published: February 2013

Four pyrazole compounds, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbaldehyde (1), 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbaldehyde (2), 1-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone (3) and 1-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]propan-1-one (4), have been prepared by condensing chalcones with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of aliphatic acids, namely formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. The structures were characterized by X-ray single crystal structure determination. The dihedral angles formed between the pyrazole and the fluoro-substituted rings are 4.64(7)° in 1, 5.3(4)° in 2 and 4.89(6)° in 3. In 4, the corresponding angles for molecules A and molecules B are 10.53(10)° and 9.78(10)°, respectively.
7-Methoxytacrine-Adamantylamine Heterodimers as Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment — Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Spilovska Katarina , Korabecny Jan , Kral Jan , Horova Anna , Musilek Kamil , Soukup Ondrej , Drtinova Lucie , Gazova Zuzana , Siposova Katarina , Kuca Kamil
Published: February 2013

A structural series of 7-MEOTA-adamantylamine thioureas was designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). The compounds were prepared based on the multi-target-directed ligand strategy with different linker lengths (n = 2–8) joining the well-known NMDA antagonist adamantine and the hAChE inhibitor 7-methoxytacrine (7-MEOTA). Based on in silico studies, these inhibitors proved dual binding site character capable of simultaneous interaction with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of hAChE and the catalytic active site (CAS). Clearly, these structural derivatives exhibited very good inhibitory activity towards hBChE resulting in more selective inhibitors of this enzyme. The most potent cholinesterase inhibitor was found to be thiourea analogue 14 (with an IC50 value of 0.47 µM for hAChE and an IC50 value of 0.11 µM for hBChE, respectively). Molecule 14 is a suitable novel lead compound for further evaluation proving that the strategy of dual binding site inhibitors might be a promising direction for development of novel AD drugs.
Handbook of Polymers. By George Wypych, ChemTec Publishing, 2012; 680 Pages. Price $395.00, ISBN 978-1-895198-47-8
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: February 2013

Polymers selected for this edition of the Handbook of Polymers include all major polymeric materials used by the plastics and other branches of the chemical industry as well as specialty polymers used in the electronics, pharmaceutical, medical, and space fields. Extensive information is included on biopolymers.
Highly Toxic Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix simula Containing Tetrodotoxin in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Asakawa Manabu , Ito Katsutoshi , Kajihara Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

In 1998, during a toxicological surveillance of various marine fouling organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan, specimens of the ribbon worm, Cephalothrix simula (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) were found. These ribbon worms contained toxins with extremely strong paralytic activity. The maximum toxicity in terms of tetrodotoxin (TTX) was 25,590 mouse units (MU) per gram for the whole worm throughout the monitoring period. The main toxic component was isolated and recrystallized from an acidified methanolic solution. The crystalline with a specific toxicity of 3520 MU/mg was obtained and identified as TTX by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescent detection (FLD) (HPLC-FLD), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest toxicity of C. simula exceeded the human lethal dose per a single worm. A toxicological surveillance of C. simula from 1998 to 2005 indicated approximately 80% of the individuals were ranked as “strongly toxic” (≥1000 MU/g). Forty-eight percent of the specimens possessed toxicity scores of more than 2000 MU/g. Seasonal variations were observed in the lethal potency of C. simula. Specimens collected on January 13, 2000 to December 26, 2000 showed mean toxicities of 665–5300 MU/g (n = 10). These data prompted a toxicological surveillance of ribbon worms from other localities with different habitats in Japan, including Akkeshi Bay (Hokkaido) under stones on rocky intertidal beaches, as well as Otsuchi (Iwate) among calcareous tubes of serpulid polychaetes on rocky shores. Within twelve species of ribbon worms examined, only C. simula possessed extremely high toxicity. Therefore, C. simula appears to show generally high toxicity irrespective of their locality and habitat.
Le déni de grossesse est-il un déni ?
Authors: Zagury Daniel
Published: February 2013

Résumé Un malentendu terminologique autour de la confusion du déni de grossesse et du déni d’existence schizophrénique rend compte d’une certaine cacophonie lors de procès très médiatisés comme celui de Véronique Courjault. À partir de Racamier, le déni de grossesse est regardé comme un déni de certaines qualités de l’objet : déni de la conception ; déni des métamorphoses corporelles ; déni d’altérite ; déni du processus vital en cours ; déni de l’inéluctabilité de l’accouchement... La levée de ces dénis, qui ne sont ni des dénégations, ni des dénis partiels, est susceptible de conduire à l’improvisation catastrophique d’un néonaticide au moment d’un accouchement qui n’a jamais été anticipé.
Le rêve : paradigme de l'ambivalence du désir d'enfant... et de la rencontre interculturelle
Authors: Awa Camara Ndeye , Pommier François
Published: February 2013

Résumé Partant du principe que la grossesse est l’objet d’un processus psychoaffectif, nous cherchons à démontrer que le discours d’une des femmes enceintes de notre population de recherche sur le vécu de sa grossesse en situation interculturelle est le lieu d’expression de l’ambivalence du désir d’enfant mis en scène dans les scénarios oniriques que sous-tendent des éléments culturels. Notre méthode a consisté à étudier certaines figures de l’avidité maternelles qui ont permis à ces femmes, en s’étayant sur leur culture d’origine et la culture d’accueil, de se situer en position de sujet désirant.
Être fou dans la postmodernité
Authors: Gumpper Stéphane , Escande Claude
Published: February 2013

Résumé La postmodernité est caractérisée par un changement de discours dans notre lien social, illustré entre autres par des « avancées » technologiques transformant l’homme en objet, dans un zeitgeist (ou esprit du temps) empreint de désenchantement, induisant des formes nouvelles de pathologies. En nous appuyant sur notre praxis à partir du suivi d’un patient hospitalisé en psychiatrie, nous tenterons l’esquisse d’une clinique psychanalytique d’un sujet en « folie ordinaire », non réductible ici à un diagnostic de psychose. Ce patient, a priori toxicomane, semble élaborer des tentatives d’autofondation sinthomatique ( via l’écriture et l’usage de drogues). Celle-ci sont mises au jour en partie par les transferts de Timothy à notre égard, et s’apparentent à des essais constructifs de fragments identitaires censés tenir sur un versant structural. Néanmoins, en place d’exception, il s’affronte à une jouissance pleine, à la fois transgressive et sans limites, le confrontant à l’impossibilité de trouver une place de sujet. Cette jouissance a un prix tel que, sous certains points de vue, elle commence d’opérer comme norme au niveau des constructions discursives dans le champ social.
Objetividad de Estado. Sur la science de gouvernement des Chicago Boys dans le Chili de Pinochet
Authors: Ihl Olivier
Published: February 2013

Résumé Cet article s’efforce de circonscrire les formes et enjeux de la circulation internationale de certains modèles d’action gouvernementale en revenant sur la littérature prétendument scientifique consacrée à l’aventure des Chicago Boys dans le Chili autoritaire de Pinochet. La puissance dictatoriale chilienne ne fut pas que militaire. Elle fut aussi économique. Ses « élites scientifiques », formées à l’Université de Chicago, formèrent de véritables bastions d’un nouveau militantisme savant. Les Chicago Boys, menés par Milton Friedman, donnèrent légitimité et objectivité à la doctrine économique d’Augusto Pinochet. Comment ses savoirs spécialisés ont-ils été enrôlés par l’État ? Comment cette prétendue science économique s’est-elle constituée en dispositif de gouvernement ? Il importe pour répondre à ces questions de dégager leurs modes de diffusion (logique d’accréditation), leurs procédures de consécration (logique de certification) ainsi que les mobilisations de soutien ou de défiance dont ils pu faire l’objet (logique de légitimation).
La responsabilité éthique des agences de notation
Authors: Gaillard Norbert
Published: February 2013

Résumé Les agences de notation ont été incapables de prévoir la débâcle des subprimes de 2007-2008 et la récente crise de la dette souveraine. Ces échecs sont dus à des conflits d’intérêts majeurs, à des modèles de notation inefficaces et à des ressources inadéquates en matière de surveillance des processus de notation. Cet article essaie de déterminer dans quelle mesure les agences ont pu avoir des comportements contraires à l’éthique. Il fait également des propositions afin que les notations deviennent plus objectives et plus justes.
De l'apologétique à la théologie fondamentale : l'itinéraire d'Henri Bouillard
Authors: Castro Michel
Published: February 2013

Résumé Lorsqu’Henri Bouillard commence sa formation, la scène théologique est occupée notamment par l’apologétique classique selon laquelle la révélation s’impose à nous de l’extérieur. Sa lecture de Maurice Blondel le familiarise à l’idée que l’homme est naturellement ouvert au surnaturel, et elle le conduit à sortir de l’apologétique classique pour esquisser une apologétique nouvelle pour laquelle le christianisme s’impose à nous de l’intérieur, à partir de ce que nous sommes. Sa fréquentation ultérieure d’Éric Weil l’incite à dialoguer avec la pensée séculière de son temps, et l’amène à quitter l’apologétique blondélienne pour préconiser une théologie fondamentale selon laquelle le message évangélique ne s’impose plus, mais se propose à partir de notre quête de sens. Elle le conforte à ne pas relever le défi des sciences humaines.
Por qué ser justos. ¿Son las normas de justicia sociales o morales?
Authors: Rodríguez López Blanca
Published: February 2013

Durante los últimos años, el concepto de norma social ha sido objeto de un intenso trabajo teórico, en el que cabe destacar las aportaciones de Cristina Bicchieri y Jon Elster. Pese a las diferencias de sus respectivos planteamientos, ambos coinciden en definir el concepto por oposición a otro tipo de normas, en especial las morales. Este acuerdo no impide, sin embargo, que clasifiquen las normas de justicia de manera diferente: mientras que para Bicchieri se trata de normas sociales, Elster clasifica distintas normas de justicia en distintas categorías (sociales, cuasi morales y morales).En este trabajo, y con ayuda de algunos experimentos recientes, se analiza el caso de una norma de justicia, la norma de reparto igualitario, y se defiende que, pese a que los experimentos no son concluyentes, hay algunos factores que apuntan a la mayor validez de la teoría de Elster para el tratamiento y la conceptualización de esta norma.
Ciganos e desigualdades sociais: contributos para a inflexão de políticas públicas de cariz universalista
Authors: Castro Alexandra
Published: February 2013

Este artigo questiona o modelo de integração universalista que tem sido preconizado pelas políticas públicas em Portugal face à constatação da persistência de situações de pobreza e exclusão social entre a população cigana. Procura-se, assim, colocar em discussão os problemas actuais daquele modelo e as suas dificuldades em intervir adequadamente face a uma parte considerável das pessoas ciganas, destacando-se os seus contornos polémicos no recente contexto institucional nacional e europeu. Apresentam-se, assim, os equívocos do debate europeu sobre a inserção da população cigana – dividido entre uma generalização abusiva dos traços culturais pretensamente universalistas desta população e a normatividade da “igualdade perante a lei” – e reflecte-se sobre a forma como o modelo de integração universalista defendido em Portugal se tem traduzido paradoxalmente  pela invisibilidade da problemática e pela produção de um discurso de culpabilização da população cigana.
Les politiques publiques de lutte contre la pauvreté. Variation sur l’approche française
Authors: Messu Michel
Published: February 2013

A França tem uma rica tradição de estudos sociológicos e investigação, bem como políticas públicas relativas à pobreza. O artigo visa mostrar que paradigmas têm afectado a acção pública contra a pobreza nos últimos 60 anos em França: “pobreza-atraso”, “pobreza-exclusão”, e “pobreza-cidadania”. Cada um desses paradigmas transmite uma concepção de pobreza que orienta a acção pública. Ora, essas concepções também representam questões teóricas para a sociologia que observa os pobres na sua relação com a sociedade em que vivem. Três questões teóricas são aqui escalpelizadas: “a reacção social constitutiva do pobre”, “a impensável contradição social” e “a segurança de assistência”.
A estruturalidade da pobreza e da exclusão social na sociedade portuguesa – conceitos, dinâmicas e desafios para a acção
Authors: Perista Pedro , Baptista Isabel
Published: February 2013

O presente artigo sistematiza algumas das principais conclusões da publicação Um olhar sobre a pobreza: vulnerabilidade e exclusão social no Portugal contemporâneo, de que os autores deste artigo partilham a autoria, alargando, simultaneamente, o debate aos desafios que se colocam à intervenção. O texto encontra-se estruturado em quatro partes principais. Na primeira procura-se clarificar o conceito de pobreza e a sua relação com outros conceitos relevantes, alargando-se a discussão, na segunda parte, ao conceito de exclusão social. Na terceira parte, sistematiza-se um conjunto de conclusões relativamente à estruturalidade da pobreza na sociedade portuguesa, tendo por base a análise dinâmica de seis vagas do Painel dos Agregados Domésticos Privados da União Europeia. Finalmente, na quarta parte, recupera-se alguns dos elementos de análise, reflectindo sobre as suas possíveis implicações para a intervenção social.
Bridges for Inclusion
Authors: Aires Sérgio
Published: February 2013

O projecto Bridges for Inclusion tinha como principal objectivo identificar como é que poderia ser estabelecida uma mais efectiva relação entre as estratégias de emprego, protecção social e inclusão social, com base em experiências locais, de forma a evidenciar diferentes orientações e práticas. Uma especial prioridade foi dada à forma como tais iniciativas são postas em prática, particularmente no contexto de implementação de estratégias de inclusão activa, sobretudo aquelas que provêm do campo do empreendedorismo inclusivo, da economia social e do desenvolvimento local. Este artigo apresenta as principais conclusões e recomendações deste projecto.
Participação e apropriação do espaço público – um estudo de caso num Barrio de Caracas
Authors: Zuber Inês
Published: February 2013

Os habitantes do Sector “Dos Cerritos” do barrio de Cotiza, em Caracas, vivem no espaço fragmentado de uma cidade social, económica e politicamente segmentada. Tal como em todos os “barrios” da cidade, habituaram-se a viver em espaços percebidos pelos “outros” como indiferenciados, invisíveis e não cartografáveis. À condição de invisibilidade do barrio é acrescentada a condição de dupla autofortificação, uma vez que (1) o fluxo entre as fronteiras do bairro e a “cidade” é maioritariamente de sentido único (de dentro para fora e quase nunca o contrário) e que (2) os espaços domésticos são valorizados em detrimento da utilização do espaço público, devido, entre vários motivos, à existência de um forte sentimento de insegurança. Neste artigo pretendemos entender como a constituição de um Conselho Comunal contribuiu para o resgate, apropriação e “organização colectiva” do espaço público bem como para a permeabilização das fronteiras urbanas (simbólicas e físicas).
(Com)fusão na cidade: Tag, Ácido e Diamante
Authors: Spinelli Luciano
Published: February 2013

Com o intuito de ler a cidade, vamos observar fractais coloridos da vida cotidiana refletida nas cabines telefônicas de Paris. A partir da realização de fotografias HDR que focalizam os graffitis e tags feitos com ácido fluorídrico nessas cabines, vamos perceber outra cidade através de seus vidros. É pela educação do olhar junto de alguns graffiti writers que inferimos uma visão fenomenológica sobre a socialidade pós-moderna, para entender a relação fusional que se dá nesse mobiliário urbano entre habitante e habitat.
Mobilidade metropolitana: níveis de motorização e padrões de sinistralidade pedonal da cidade de Lisboa
Authors: Meirinhos Victor
Published: February 2013

A utilização individual e recorrente do automóvel particular nas sociedades contemporâneas tem promovido uma elevada fragmentação das comunidades locais bem como impactos directos na saúde pública das populações. Perante a inevitabilidade destes fenómenos tem havido forte aposta das autoridades europeias na segurança rodoviária. Neste aspecto, poderá ser considerado paradigmático o caso da baixa da cidade de Lisboa, um local de confluência dos principais movimentos pendulares de acesso à cidade de Lisboa. Perante estes resultados será de propor que a elevada sinistralidade pedonal no período em análise possa de alguma forma estar correlacionada com a elevada concentração de estabelecimentos de diversão nocturna. O presente estudo promove uma análise epidemiológica dos atropelamentos ocorridos na baixa da cidade de Lisboa, num período de quatro anos (2006-2009), de forma a aferir a influência de determinados aspectos estruturais característicos daquela área emblemática da cidade de Lisboa.
Reinventar a relação cidade-montanha na Covilhã: uma discussão para a criação de uma nova marca urbana
Authors: Vaz Domingos
Published: February 2013

É reconhecida à Covilhã uma desqualificação formal e paisagística, firmada em paralelo com o afastamento da cidade do espaço natural e de montanha que havia moldado a sua função e feição geo-histórica. Considera-se, portanto, a necessidade de reflectir o sentido global da estruturação urbana, tendo em vista permitir uma leitura para o ordenamento qualificador desta urbe multissecular e interrogar as razões que levaram a que um tal capital simbólico não tenha sido objecto ou apenas tido uma débil apropriação nas opções locais de planeamento urbano.
Jovens (sub)urbanos: o impacto do hip hop na produção de identidades sociais
Authors: Barbio Leda
Published: February 2013

O presente artigo pretende analisar a relação entre um segmento populacional específico de um bairro de habitação social – os jovens do Bairro Amarelo/Almada – e uma manifestação cultural e/ou política – o hip hop. Num primeiro momento problematiza a noção de juventude e analisa a pertinência dessa categorização para a análise do social e, num segundo momento, introduz o fenómeno do hip hop pensando como este se pode constituir como ferramenta de construção identitária. Alicerçado na observação de terreno de um bairro de habitação social da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, procurará, então, perceber, no caso concreto, como é que um fenómeno cultural se reveste de cambiantes políticas e de reivindicação identitária no caso de jovens (sub)urbanos.
Precários voláteis e trajectórias de emprego em carrossel, o caso dos beneficiários do RSI
Authors: Diogo Fernando
Published: February 2013

O fio condutor deste trabalho é constituído por duas preocupações que se interligam: a primeira, de natureza teórica, tem a ver com a conceptualização do conceito de precariedade no emprego, dando particular atenção à sua adaptação à realidade portuguesa. A situação nacional é distinta de outras, por questões derivadas da legislação específica e da organização social. A segunda prende-se com a aplicação das construções teóricas desenvolvidas a uma categoria social específica, os trabalhadores beneficiários do Rendimento Social de Inserção, categoria particularmente marcada pela precariedade no emprego e pela situação de pobreza.
Pollution d’origine routière et environnement de proximité
Authors: Branchu Philippe , Badin Anne-Laure , Bechet Béatrice , Eisenlohr Laurent , Priol Tiphaine Le , Marseille Fabienne , Trielli Elise
Published: February 2013

La pollution d’origine routière, liée aux émissions du moteur à l’échappement, à l’usure des véhicules, de la chaussée et des équipements de la route, constitue une pollution chronique qui affecte directement l’environnement de proximité via les eaux de ruissellement et les dépôts atmosphériques secs et humides. Les milieux impactés sont les hydrosystèmes superficiels et/ou souterrains, l’atmosphère, les sols et les végétaux qu’ils supportent. Les recherches menées depuis les années 80 ont permis d’établir un bilan environnemental de cette pollution de proximité (sources, vecteur de transfert, impact). Ces connaissances ont à leur tour permis de mettre en place des outils méthodologiques en accompagnement des politiques publiques en matière d’aménagement des infrastructures. En France, une grande partie de ce travail a été menée au sein du Réseau Scientifique et Technique de l’actuel ministère de l’Écologie (anciennement ministère de l’Équipement). Cet article constitue une illustration des travaux de recherche et méthodologiques menés et présente un point des connaissances acquises au cours de ces 30 dernières années.
Exposition à la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic routier et risques sanitaires
Authors: Host Sabine
Published: February 2013

Alors que les liens entre la pollution globale de l’atmosphère en milieu urbain et la santé sont aujourd’hui bien établis, l’épidémiologie se heurte à de nombreuses difficultés pour estimer spécifiquement les risques liés aux expositions à proximité du trafic routier. Cette revue bibliographique a pour but de fournir un état des lieux des méthodes d’estimation des expositions et de présenter les principaux résultats des études épidémiologiques.La caractérisation et la mesure de l’exposition des populations à la pollution de proximité sont difficiles à établir. Ainsi, les études épidémiologiques ont souvent eu recours à des méthodes indirectes, basées sur la distance du lieu de vie à l’axe routier ou bien sur la modélisation des niveaux de polluants en un lieu de vie. Ces méthodes, malgré leurs limites, permettent d’approcher des contrastes d’exposition bien réels qui se manifestent par un état de santé plus dégradé des populations résidant à proximité des sources de trafic routier. La pollution atmosphérique de proximité tend à être mieux caractérisée. Néanmoins, ses impacts sanitaires restent difficiles à appréhender, en particulier du fait de la très grande diversité des approches utilisées dans les études épidémiologiques. Une plus grande cohérence dans les protocoles serait ainsi souhaitable pour offrir une meilleure visibilité des résultats et mettre en œuvre des politiques de protection des populations les plus à risque.
Les sols de jardins, supports d’une agriculture urbaine intensive
Authors: Schwartz Christophe
Published: February 2013

Les jardins potagers sont localisés dans des environnements anthropisés, à l’interface d’usages agricoles, urbains et industriels contrastés. Il en résulte des sols à haute fertilité et d’une grande diversité, issus d’une infinité de pratiques de jardinage elles-mêmes définies par des contraintes et des convictions écologiques ou économiques variables. Cependant, les sols de jardins sont certainement les supports de production alimentaire les moins connus. L’une des rares études ayant porté sur des sols de jardin français se situe dans la Région Lorraine. Ces sols présentent, en général, un horizon cultivé de 20 à 40 cm d'épaisseur, de couleur sombre. Leur teneur en matières organiques est en moyenne supérieure à 4 %, alors que celles des sols agricoles cultivés varient entre 1 et 3 %. En comparaison avec des sols agricoles, les sols de jardins présentent dans 70 % des cas de très fortes teneurs en éléments nutritifs. Les teneurs en métaux de ces sols sont en moyenne deux fois supérieures à celles des sols agricoles et sont corrélées, dans un ordre croissant, avec : la distance aux sources de pollution atmosphérique, le fond géochimique, les pratiques parfois très intensives liées au jardinage et l’âge du jardin. À partir de ces résultats issus d’un territoire ciblé, des travaux complémentaires sont aujourd’hui nécessaires à l’échelle (inter)nationale pour dégager des typologies de jardins potagers et acquérir des données d’inventaire représentatives nécessaires dans le cadre de futures évaluations environnementales, voire sanitaires, des activités de jardinage.
Prefabricated Patient-Matched Cranial Implants for Reconstruction of Large Skull Defects
Authors: Sundseth Jarle , Berg-Johnsen Jon
Published: February 2013

Cranial defects can be caused by injury, infection, or tumor invasion. Large defects should be reconstructed to protect the brain and normalize the cerebral hemodynamics. The conventional method is to cover the defect with bone cement. Custom-made implants designed for the individual patient are now available. We report our experience with one such product in patients with large cranial defects (>7.6 cm in diameter). A CT scan with 2 mm slices and a three-dimensional reconstruction were obtained from the patient. This information was dispatched to the company and used as a template to form the implant. The cranial implant was received within four weeks. From 2005 to 2010, custom-made cranial implants were used in 13 patients with large cranial defects. In 10 of the 13 patients, secondary deep infection was the cause of the cranial defect. All the implants fitted well or very well to the defect. No infections were seen after implantation; however, one patient was reoperated on for an epidural hematoma. A custom-made cranial implant is considerably more expensive than an implant made of bone cement, but ensures that the defect is optimally covered. The use of custom-made implants is straightforward and timesaving, and they provide an excellent medical and cosmetic result.
Triangulations
Authors: Jaco William H. , Lutz Frank H. , Santos Francisco , Sullivan John M.
Published: February 2013

The earliest work in topology was often based on explicit combinatorial models – usually triangulations – for the spaces being studied. Although algebraic methods in topology gradually replaced combinatorial ones in the mid-1900s, the emergence of computers later revitalized the study of triangulations. By now there are several distinct mathematical communities actively doing work on different aspects of triangulations. The goal of this workshop was to bring the researchers from these various communities together to stimulate interaction and to benefit from the exchange of ideas and methods.
Analysis and Geometric Singularities
Authors: Brüning Jochen , Mazzeo Rafe , Piazza Paolo
Published: February 2013

This is a report on the Oberwolfach conference “Analysis and Geometric Singularities”, May 6-12, 2012. The main themes discussed in the meeting include the interplay between the analytic, geometric and topological study of singular spaces and noncompact spaces highly regular structure at infinity and asymptotic analysis of global spectral invariants. More specific topics include index theory on such spaces, various nonlinear geometric problems, and in particular the asymptotic structure of natural metrics on geometric moduli spaces, and techniques from linear analysis to approach such problems.
Novel Computerized Health Risk Appraisal May Improve Longitudinal Health and Wellness in Primary Care
Authors: Voncken-Brewster V. , Aspy C.B. , Mold J.W. , Nagykaldi Z.J.
Published: February 2013

Objectives: Health Risk Appraisals (HRAs) have been implemented in a variety of settings, however few studies have examined the impact of computerized HRAs systematically in primary care. The study aimed at the development and pilot testing of a novel, comprehensive HRA tool in primary care practices.

Methods: We designed, implemented and pilot tested a novel, web-based HRA tool in four pair-matched intervention and control primary care practices (N = 200). Outcomes were measured before and 12 months after the intervention using the HRA, patient surveys, and qualitative feedback. Intervention patients received detailed feedback from the HRA and they were encouraged to discuss the HRA report at their next wellness visit in order to develop a personalized wellness plan.

Results: Estimated life expectancy and its derivatives, including Real Age and Wellness Score were significantly impacted by the HRA implementation (P<0.001). The overall rate of 10 preventive maneuvers improved by 4.2% in the intervention group vs. control (P = 0.001). The HRA improved the patient-centeredness of care, measured by the CAHPS PCC-10 survey (P = 0.05). HRA use was strongly associated with better self-rated overall health (OR = 4.94; 95% CI, 3.85–6.36) and improved up-to-dateness for preventive services (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12–1.32). A generalized linear model suggested that increase in Wellness Score was associated with improvements in patient-centeredness of care, up-to-dateness for preventive services and being in the intervention group (all P<0.03). Patients were satisfied with their HRA-experience, found the HRA report relevant and motivating and thought that it increased their health awareness. Clinicians emphasized that the HRA tool helped them and their patients converge on high-impact, evidence-based preventive measures.

Conclusions: Despite study limitations, results suggest that a comprehensive, web-based, and goal-directed HRA tool can improve the receipt of preventive services, patient-centeredness of care, behavioral health outcomes, and various wellness indicators in primary care settings.

Citation: Nagykaldi ZJ, Voncken-Brewster V, Aspy CB, Mold JW. Novel Computerized Health Risk Appraisal May Improve Longitudinal Health and Wellness in Primary Care. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 75–87

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-10-RA-0048
Bed Rest in Pregnancy and Its Related Complications: Is It Needed?
Authors: Ahuja Maninder
Published: February 2013

For centuries it is common myth to advice bed rest during pregnancy. At the least pretext bed rest is advised by family members and by health care providers also. But review of literature and RCT shows that in reality bed rest does not alter the course of pregnancy in various complications. Role of bed rest has been examined in singleton, twin and triplet pregnancies but was not found useful. Prolonged bed rest is rather harmful as it causes increased calcium excretion, loss of muscle mass, financial loss and increased psychological rest for the pregnant woman and her family. Moderate exercise is advisable throughout pregnancy to maintain tone of muscles and range of movements. So till we have more proof we should be cautious in advising pregnant patients about bed rest. It can be limited activity where we feel it is not advisable to overexert her.

How to cite this article

Ahuja M. Bed Rest in Pregnancy and Its Related Complications: Is It Needed?. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):147-150.
Assessment of Knowledge and Perceived Barriers to Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Women Attending Gynecology OPD at KLE's Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum, Karnataka, with a View to Develop an Information Booklet
Authors: Raddi Sudha A , Dalal Anita , Castillino Rohini B
Published: February 2013

Background

Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women leading to rise in death toll among women. Without urgent action, deaths due to cervical cancer are projected to rise by almost 25% over the next 10 years.

Objectives

To assess the knowledge and perceived barriers to prevention of cervical cancer among women attending gynecology outpatient department (OPD) and to find an association between knowledge and perceived barriers with sociodemographic variables.

Methods

This descriptive study at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India, enrolled 200 women attending gynecology OPD between 30 and 55 years. The research approach for the study was correlational and the subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique. The data on knowledge was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and perceived barriers by using 5 point Likert scale.

Results

The analysis demonstrated majority of women (65%) had an average knowledge regarding prevention of cervical cancer and their perceived barriers toward prevention of cervical cancer were neutral (70.5%). Chi-square test yielded p value < 0.05 suggesting a significant association between the sociodemographic variables with knowledge and perceived barriers.

Interpretation and conclusion

The study concluded that the level of knowledge among the women was average. The general attitude, even though is showing positivity, there are still women out there who have a more negative attitude toward cervical cancer and Pap smear screening and these women need to be targeted planning to start.

How to cite this article

Castillino RB, Raddi SA, Dalal A. Assessment of Knowledge and Perceived Barriers to Prevention of Cervical Cancer among Women Attending Gynecology OPD at KLE's Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, Belgaum, Karnataka, with a View to Develop an Information Booklet. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(3):169-171.
An Assembly for Electrochemical Corrosion Studies in Aqueous Environments at High Temperature and Pressure
Authors: WILDE B. E.
Published: February 2013

An assembly is described, in which electrochemical corrosion measurements can be carried out in aqueous environments up to 314 C (598 F) and 105.5 kg/cm2. Test specimen mounting and corrosive environment containment procedures are discussed. A techniqie for using a high pressure electrolyte bridge with an external reference electrode is described. The performance of the system is demonstrated by potentiostatic anodic, cathodic and linear polarization experiments carried out on AISI Type 304 steel in dilute chloride solutions at 289 C.