bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La place des oulémas dans la société acihaise du XVIe au XXIe siècle
Authors: Wormser Paul
Published: April 2018

Cet article analyse la place des oulémas dans la société acihaise du siècle à nos jours, en mettant un accent particulier sur l’apogée du sultanat d’Aceh au XVIIe siècle. Malgré l’ancienneté de l’islamisation d’Aceh, il montre que cette place a toujours été relativement secondaire et que la pratique de l’islam à Aceh a longtemps été proche de celle des autres régions d’Indonésie. C’est la réputation un peu usurpée d’Aceh à Java qui a entraîné la mise en place d’éléments de la charia dans la province au début du XXIe siècle.
Turkey as Aceh’s Alternative Imperium
Authors: Reid Anthony
Published: April 2018

La Turquie en tant que pouvoir alternatif d’Aceh.

Aceh est célébré pour son opposition à la domination étrangère. Sa véritable identité en tant que sultanat était fondée sur la résistance aux Portugais au XVIe siècle, aux Néerlandais, Anglais et Français aux XVIIe et XVIIIe s. Au XIXe siècle, le sultanat livra à nouveau la résistance ultime et la plus acharnée à l’avance néerlandaise, et au XXe siècle à Jakarta. En comparaison, la relation de longue date entre Aceh et la Turquie ottomane offre un contraste saisissant. Aux XVIe et XIXe siècles, l’empressement des sultans acihais à se déclarer euxmêmes sujets, et même «esclaves » , du sultan ottoman, était une stratégie pour attirer les Turcs et dissuader les Européens. Mais elle reflétait également une vision du monde dans laquelle la maison de l’Islam devait être unie sous l’autorité d’un calife et résister à la soumission aux lois des non croyants. Le «vasselage » déclaré d’Aceh aux Ottomans avait ses racines profondes au XVIe siècle, mais c’est seulement au XIXe qu’on tenta de les traduire en termes d’empire moderne et de souveraineté. Aujourd’hui, les documents ottomans nous permettent d’ajouter la relation Aceh-Turquie à notre compréhension de l’histoire de l’Indonésie.
Premiers jalons pour une histoire économique du sultanat d’Aceh à « l’âge du commerce » (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: de Vienne Marie-Sybille
Published: April 2018

Les quelques données accessibles (prix et quantités) relatives au commerce acihais révèlent l’existence de deux cycles économiques rythmés par l’évolution du marché du poivre. Le premier voit la croissance de la production de poivre (XVIe s.) et l’essor des échanges avec la mer Rouge, suivis d’un effondrement de la production de poivre (1610-1760). L’augmentation de la demande chinoise, puis l’arrivée des Américains de Salem amorcent ensuite un second cycle avec le redémarrage de l’industrie poivrière à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Cette pulsation de temps long de l’économie acihaise se conjugue à un cycle de moindre amplitude, généré par le trafic de l’or (expansion au XVIIe s., déclin au XVIIIe s.), qui se déroule durant la phase descendante du premier «grand » cycle du poivre. amplitude, généré par le trafic de l’or (expansion au XVIIe s., déclin au XVIIIe s.), qui se déroule durant la phase descendante du premier «grand » cycle du poivre.
From Drab to Fab: Segmenting Visitors to a Décor and Design Exhibition Based on Their Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Kruger Martinette , Saayman Melville
Published: April 2018

This exploratory research determined the behavioral intentions (renovation and landscaping,interior decoration,knowledge seeking,revampingandonline activity) of visitors after attending a décor, design, and lifestyle exhibition in South Africa. The results demonstrated that segmenting visitors based on their behavioral intentions after attending an exhibition is a useful market segmentation tool, as it gives a clear and direct profile and understanding of different types of visitors and their preferences, especially regarding postexhibition behavioral intentions. The study consequently proposes a typology of visitors (Pinteresters,Renovators,andDecorators) to lifestyle, décor, and design exhibitions that could be applied to other décor and design show markets. Furthermore, a PDI (presentation,demonstrationandinteraction) classification of creative exhibition factors was identified, which could assist organizers as well as exhibitors at such events. The results shed some light on the heterogonous nature of visitors to exhibitions and that these differences should be considered especially if organizers and exhibitions want to influence their behavioral intentions regarding purchases and execution of ideas.
Applying a Particle-only Model to the HL Tau Disk
Authors: Tabeshian Maryam , Wiegert Paul A.
Published: April 2018

Observations have revealed rich structures in protoplanetary disks, offering clues about their embedded planets. Due to the complexities introduced by the abundance of gas in these disks, modeling their structure in detail is computationally intensive, requiring complex hydrodynamic codes and substantial computing power. It would be advantageous if computationally simpler models could provide some preliminary information on these disks. Here we apply a particle-only model (that we developed for gas-poor debris disks) to the gas-rich disk, HL Tauri, to address the question of whether such simple models can inform the study of these systems. Assuming three potentially embedded planets, we match HL Tau’s radial profile fairly well and derive best-fit planetary masses and orbital radii (0.40, 0.02, 0.21 Jupiter masses for the planets orbiting a 0.55 M
⊙ star at 11.22, 29.67, 64.23 au). Our derived parameters are comparable to those estimated by others, except for the mass of the second planet. Our simulations also reproduce some narrower gaps seen in the ALMA image away from the orbits of the planets. The nature of these gaps is debated but, based on our simulations, we argue they could result from planet–disk interactions via mean-motion resonances, and need not contain planets. Our results suggest that a simple particle-only model can be used as a first step to understanding dynamical structures in gas disks, particularly those formed by planets, and determine some parameters of their hidden planets, serving as useful initial inputs to hydrodynamic models which are needed to investigate disk and planet properties more thoroughly.
Constraints on the Density and Internal Strength of 1I/’Oumuamua
Authors: McNeill Andrew , Trilling David E. , Mommert Michael
Published: April 2018

1I/’Oumuamua was discovered by the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS 1) on 2017 October 19. Unlike all previously discovered minor planets, this object was determined to have eccentricity e > 1.0, suggesting an interstellar origin. Since this discovery and within the limited window of opportunity, several photometric and spectroscopic studies of the object have been made. Using the measured light curve amplitudes and rotation periods we find that, under the assumption of a triaxial ellipsoid, a density range 1500 < ρ < 2800 kg m−3 matches the observations and no significant cohesive strength is required. We also determine that an aspect ratio of 6 ± 1:1 is most likely after accounting for phase-angle effects and considering the potential effect of surface properties. This elongation is still remarkable, but less than some other estimates.
Efficient election campaign optimization using integer programming
Authors: Güney Evren
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Political parties spend significant amounts of resources during their election campaigns, which are usually designed in a sub-optimal and informal way. This study aims to provide a mathematical framework for political parties to optimize their election campaigns, so that they can maximize their performance in the elections.Design/methodology/approach: In this work, we provide certain mathematical relations to determine the minimum necessary number of votes to gain additional seats in an election region under the D’hondt election rule. Also we develop a convenient mathematical model that optimizes the resource allocation scheme of a political party to maximize the potential seats won. We test our models on Turkish Parliamentary elections dataFindings: Our results show that with various basic assumptions, which are suitable for real life cases, one can obtain significant gains in the election outcomes even with small budgets. We also provide the relations among swing vote rates, unit vote costs and budget with the number seats won in a parliament.Originality/value: This study provides useful insights for both political party management teams as well as researchers. Political parties need to conduct more market research to collect and work on election data to increase their performances. From the research perspective, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of first studies that approaches to the election campaigns for the D’hondt system with mathematical optimization tools.
Significance of bacteriuria in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis
Authors: Taweel Ibrahim , Beatty Norman , Duarte Alexsis , Nix David , Matthias Kathryn , Al Mohajer Mayar
Published: April 2018

The significance of bacteriuria in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) is unclear. It is not known whether treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with lower rates of urinary tract infection or readmission. Adult patients with ESRD on HD were retrospectively evaluated to assess factors associated with the recurrence of bacteriuria and readmission. We included 68 patients in the analysis. There were 20 patients (29.4%) with urinary symptoms. All symptomatic patients received antibiotic therapy, whereas half of the asymptomatic patients received antibiotics. Antibiotic use was not associated with lower rates of readmission or the recurrence of bacteriuria.
Tropical convection regimes in climate models: evaluation with satellite observations
Authors: Steiner Andrea K. , Lackner Bettina C. , Ringer Mark A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. High-quality observations are powerful tools for the
evaluation of climate models towards improvement and reduction of
uncertainty. Particularly at low latitudes, the most uncertain aspect lies
in the representation of moist convection and interaction with dynamics,
where rising motion is tied to deep convection and sinking motion to dry
regimes. Since humidity is closely coupled with temperature feedbacks in the
tropical troposphere, a proper representation of this region is essential.
Here we demonstrate the evaluation of atmospheric climate models with
satellite-based observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) radio
occultation (RO), which feature high vertical resolution and accuracy in the
troposphere to lower stratosphere. We focus on the representation of the
vertical atmospheric structure in tropical convection regimes, defined by
high updraft velocity over warm surfaces, and investigate atmospheric
temperature and humidity profiles. Results reveal that some models do not
fully capture convection regions, particularly over land, and only partly
represent strong vertical wind classes. Models show large biases in tropical
mean temperature of more than 4 K in the tropopause region and the lower
stratosphere. Reasonable agreement with observations is given in mean
specific humidity in the lower to mid-troposphere. In moist convection
regions, models tend to underestimate moisture by 10 to 40 % over
oceans, whereas in dry downdraft regions they overestimate moisture by
100 %. Our findings provide evidence that RO observations are a unique
source of information, with a range of further atmospheric variables to be
exploited, for the evaluation and advancement of next-generation climate
models.
An empirical model (CH-Therm-2018) of the thermospheric mass density derived from CHAMP
Authors: Xiong Chao , Lühr Hermann , Schmidt Michael , Bloßfeld Mathis , Rudenko Sergei
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Thermospheric drag is the major non-gravitational perturbation acting on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites at altitudes up to 1000 km. The drag depends on the thermospheric density, which is a key parameter in the planning of LEO missions, e.g. their lifetime, collision avoidance, precise orbit determination, as well as orbit and re-entry prediction. In this study, we present an empirical model, named CH-Therm-2018, of the thermospheric mass density derived from 9-year (from August 2000 to July 2009) accelerometer measurements at altitude from 460 to 310 km, from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. The CHAMP dataset is divided into two 5-year periods with 1-year overlap (from August 2000 to July 2005 and from August 2004 to July 2009), to represent the high-to-moderate and moderate-to-low solar activity conditions, respectively. The CH-Therm-2018 model is a function of seven key parameters, including the height, solar flux index, season (day of year), magnetic local time, geographic latitude and longitude, as well as magnetic activity represented by the solar wind merging electric field. Predictions of the CH-Therm-2018 model agree well with the CHAMP observations (disagreements within ±20 %), and show different features of thermospheric mass density during solar activities, e.g. the March-September equinox asymmetry and the longitudinal wave pattern. We compare the CH-Therm-2018 predictions with the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended (NRLMSISE-00) model. The result shows that CH-Therm-2018 better predicts the density evolution during the last solar minimum (2008-2009) than the NRLMSISE-00 model. By comparing the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations of the ANDE-Pollux satellites during August-September 2009, we estimate 6-h scaling factors of thermospheric mass density and obtain a median value of 1.27 ± 0.60, indicating that our model, on average, slightly underestimates the thermospheric mass density at solar minimum.
Impact of elevated precipitation, nitrogen deposition and warming on soil respiration in a temperate desert
Authors: Yue Ping , Cui Xiaoqing , Gong Yanming , Li Kaihui , Goulding Keith , Liu Xuejun
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is the most important source of carbon
dioxide emissions from soil to atmosphere. However, it is unclear what the
interactive response of Rs would be to environmental changes such
as elevated precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and warming, especially in
unique temperate desert ecosystems. To investigate this an in situ field
experiment was conducted in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwest China, from
September 2014 to October 2016. The results showed that precipitation and N
deposition significantly increased Rs, but warming decreased
Rs, except in extreme precipitation events, which was mainly
through its impact on the variation of soil moisture at 5 cm depth. In
addition, the interactive response of Rs to combinations of the
factors was much less than that of any single-factor, and the main response
was a positive effect, except for the response from the interaction of
increased precipitation and high N deposition
(60 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although Rs was found to show
a unimodal change pattern with the variation of soil moisture, soil
temperature and soil NH4+-N content, and it was significantly
positively correlated to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH, a
structural equation model found that soil temperature was the most important
controlling factor. Those results indicated that Rs was mainly
interactively controlled by the soil multi-environmental factors and soil
nutrients, and was very sensitive to elevated precipitation, N deposition and
warming. However, the interactions of multiple factors largely reduced
between-year variation of Rs more than any single-factor,
suggesting that the carbon cycle in temperate deserts could be profoundly
influenced by positive carbon–climate feedback.
WOCE-Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology
Authors: Gouretski Viktor
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The paper describes the new gridded WOCE-Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology (WAGHC) (Gouretski, 2018). The climatology has a one-fourth degree spatial resolution resolving the annual cycle of temperature and salinity on a monthly basis. Two versions of the climatology were produced differing by the spatial interpolation performed on isobaric or isopycnal surfaces respectively. The WAGHC climatology is based on the quality controlled temperature and salinity profiles obtained before January 2016 with the average climatological year being in the range 2008 to 2012. To avoid biases due to the significant step-like decrease of the data below 2 km the profile extrapolation procedure is implemented. We compare the WAGHC climatology to the one-fourth degree resolution isobarically averaged climatology WOA13, produced by the NOAA Ocean Climate Laboratory (Boyer et al., 2013) and diagnose a generally good agreement between these two gridded products. The differences between the two climatologies are attributed basically to the interpolation method and to the considerably extended data basis. Specifically, the WAGHC climatology improved the representation of the thermohaline structure both in the data poor polar regions and in several data abundant regions like the Baltic sea, Caspian sea, Gulf of California, Caribbean Sea, and the Weddell Sea. Further, the dependence of the ocean heat content anomaly (OHCA) time series on the baseline climatology was tested. Since the 1950s, the both baseline climatologies produce almost identical OHCA time series.
Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation on structural data in implicit 3-D geological modeling, a guide for disturbance distribution selection and parameterization
Authors: Pakyuz-Charrier Evren , Lindsay Mark , Ogarko Vitaliy , Giraud Jeremie , Jessell Mark
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3-D) geological structural modeling aims to determine geological information in a 3-D space using structural data (foliations and interfaces) and topological rules as inputs. This is necessary in any project in which the properties of the subsurface matters; they express our understanding of geometries in depth. For that reason, 3-D geological models have a wide range of practical applications including but not restricted to civil engineering, the oil and gas industry, the mining industry, and water management. These models, however, are fraught with uncertainties originating from the inherent flaws of the modeling engines (working hypotheses, interpolator's parameterization) and the inherent lack of knowledge in areas where there are no observations combined with input uncertainty (observational, conceptual and technical errors). Because 3-D geological models are often used for impactful decision-making it is critical that all 3-D geological models provide accurate estimates of uncertainty. This paper's focus is set on the effect of structural input data measurement uncertainty propagation in implicit 3-D geological modeling. This aim is achieved using Monte Carlo simulation for uncertainty estimation (MCUE), a stochastic method which samples from predefined disturbance probability distributions that represent the uncertainty of the original input data set. MCUE is used to produce hundreds to thousands of altered unique data sets. The altered data sets are used as inputs to produce a range of plausible 3-D models. The plausible models are then combined into a single probabilistic model as a means to propagate uncertainty from the input data to the final model. In this paper, several improved methods for MCUE are proposed. The methods pertain to distribution selection for input uncertainty, sample analysis and statistical consistency of the sampled distribution. Pole vector sampling is proposed as a more rigorous alternative than dip vector sampling for planar features and the use of a Bayesian approach to disturbance distribution parameterization is suggested. The influence of incorrect disturbance distributions is discussed and propositions are made and evaluated on synthetic and realistic cases to address the sighted issues. The distribution of the errors of the observed data (i.e., scedasticity) is shown to affect the quality of prior distributions for MCUE. Results demonstrate that the proposed workflows improve the reliability of uncertainty estimation and diminish the occurrence of artifacts.
The Balkan Jihad: Recruitment to Violent Extremism and Issues Facing Returning Foreign Fighters in Kosovo and Southern Serbia
Authors: Speckhard Anne , Shajkovci Ardian
Published: April 2018

The participation of predominantly young, Balkan Muslims in the Syrian and the Iraq conflict has become a dangerous trend. Equally alarming is the fact that many youth in the region continue to separate themselves from the mainstream religious community and move to supporting conservative Islamic ideas that cater to jihadist narratives. Drawing from the authors' recent fieldwork in the Balkans, this article addresses the issues of radicalization leading to violence and suggests ways to strengthen current counter radicalization and reintegration policies, including improving the community's resistance in Kosovo and the Southern Serbian Sandjak region. The authors highlight that while “hard” power measures that focus on intelligence activities and attacking extremist ideologies are important, other counterterrorism programs that address prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and reintegration of those already on the extremist trajectory must also be considered.
Problems Encountered During the Scientific Research Process in Graduate Education: The Institute of Educational Sciences
Authors: Akyürek Erkan , Afacan Özlem
Published: April 2018

This study was conducted to determine the problems faced by graduate students when conducting scientific research and to make suggestions for solving these problems. The research model was a case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants in the study with questions about the problems encountered during scientific research in graduate education, recommendations for solutions to these problems, and participants’ experiences in terms of their scientific research knowledge and skills. As a result of the discussions, the participants suggested that courses should be more practical and that there should be more taught courses, so that educators can direct students and facilitate access to resources.
Learning at work: Researching personal development and competence building in work integration companies
Authors: Marhuenda-Fluixá Fernando
Published: April 2018

The context of our research is Work Integration Enterprises. These hire people who are emerging from processes of social exclusion for a period of between 6 months and three years. In these companies, people work while learning a trade and learning to work, in order to facilitate their entry into the ordinary labour market.Of the different academic approaches to processes of learning at work and training, we have chosen Michael Eraut’s notion of learning trajectories to apply to our research. We have chosen it for its potential: it provides a longitudinal approach to learning, it takes into account technical, social and personal dimensions of learning, and it also develops a particular focus on the learning of newcomers in a working context.In the article, I explain how we have applied Eraut’s model to devise our research strategy, which is still under the process of implementation. I also explain the challenges we face and the decisions we have taken in order to apply a methodology that is capable of covering learning, training, assessment and the interactions among these processes. I conclude with reflections upon several areas that emerge from our methodological design.
La formación profesional desde el punto de vista de las familias del alumnado
Authors: Ordóñez-Sierra Rosario , García-Gómez Soledad , Vinuesa Mariscal Esther
Published: April 2018

La investigación sobre la formación profesional apenas ha prestado atención hasta la fecha a las familias del alumnado que la cursa. Una vez concluida la escolaridad obligatoria, las madres y los padres parece que sean invisibles para el sistema educativo. Dado que en los últimos años se insiste desde instancias diversas en promover la formación profesional y dada la situación crítica a nivel de empleo juvenil que estamos padeciendo, estimamos conveniente indagar en las percepciones que tienen sobre estos estudios las madres y los padres del alumnado. Hemos realizado una investigación al respecto a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas para averiguar sus opiniones acerca de la idoneidad de la formación profesional para sus hijos, en particular de un ciclo formativo del ámbito de la informática. Las dimensiones del objeto de estudio han abarcado desde el pasado (analizando sus trayectorias académicas) hasta el futuro (delineando sus expectativas laborales), pasando por el presente (realizando valoraciones sobre su situación académica actual). Los resultados son reveladores, pues ofrecen un punto de vista desconocido. Muestran familias satisfechas con la decisión de sus descendientes de cursar formación profesional y tienen la ilusión —más que las expectativas— de que sus hijos accedan al mundo laboral para desempeñar un empleo digno, de acuerdo con la cualificación profesional que esperan conseguir.
Performance Characteristics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology: An Analysis of Responses From the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program
Authors: Tabatabai Z. Laura , Auger Manon , Souers Rhona J. , Teot Lisa , Davey Diane D.
Published: April 2018

Context.—

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology is a critical diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of many conditions affecting the central nervous system.

Objective.—

To assess the performance characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid cytology samples by evaluating participant interpretations within the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education program.

Design.—

Participant interpretations (N = 46 264) evaluated in the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program were examined for concordance with the general category and with the reference diagnosis. Two nonlinear mixed models were used to analyze the concordance rates.

Results.—

The overall concordance rates for the general category and reference diagnosis were 92.1% and 81.0%, respectively. In the malignant category, the concordance rates with the reference diagnosis were lowest for diagnoses of nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumors (54.8%) and metastatic malignancy (77.5%); the concordance rate with the reference diagnosis was highest for leukemia/lymphoma (94.0%). In the benign category, the concordance rate was lowest for normal cerebrospinal fluid reference diagnoses (58.6%), followed by acute and chronic inflammation (64.6%), fungal infection (80.8%), and macrophages (85.3%). Significant differences in concordance were uncovered when performance was evaluated by participant type and stain technique. Leukemia/lymphoma was the most common diagnosis for misclassified nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumor cases and negative or inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid cases.

Conclusions.—

This study illustrates the difficulties in achieving accurate diagnoses from cerebrospinal fluid specimens, particularly for nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumors and normal and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
The Effect of 3.2% and 3.8% Sodium Citrate on Specialized Coagulation Tests
Authors: Ratzinger Franz , Lang; Mona , Belik; Sabine , Schmetterer Klaus G. , Haslacher Helmuth , Perkmann Thomas , Quehenberger Peter
Published: April 2018

Context.—

Coagulation testing is challenging and depends on preanalytic factors, including the citrate buffer concentration used.

Objective.—

To better estimate preanalytic effects of the citrate buffer concentration in use, the difference between results obtained by samples with 3.2% and 3.8% citrate was evaluated.

Design.—

In a prospective observational study with 76 volunteers, differences related to the citrate concentration were evaluated. For both buffer concentrations, reference range intervals were established according to the recommendations of the C28-A3 guideline published by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

Results.—

In our reagent-analyzer settings, most parameters evaluated presented good comparability between citrated samples taken with 3.2% and 3.8% trisodium buffer. The ellagic acid containing activated partial thromboplastin time reagent (aPTT-FS) indicated a systemic and proportional difference between both buffer concentrations, leading to an alteration in its reference ranges. Further, a confirmation test for lupus anticoagulant assessment (Staclot LA) showed only a moderate correlation (rρ = 0.511) with a proportional deviation between both citrate concentrations. Further, a statistically significant difference was found in the diluted Russell viper venom time confirmation testing, coagulation factors V and VIII, and the protein C activity, which was found to be of minor clinical relevance.

Conclusions.—

With caution regarding the potential impact of the reagent-analyzer combination, our findings demonstrate the comparability of data assessed with 3.2% and 3.8% buffered citrated plasma. As an exception, the aPTT-FS and the Staclot LA assay were considerably affected by the citrate concentration used. Further studies are required to confirm our finding using different reagent-analyzer combinations.
O tripé: trabalho, capital e educação no contexto das políticas educacionais para a educação física
Authors: Welter Janaíne , Ribas João Francisco Magno , Souza Maristela da Silva
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo procura entender as relações do capital, trabalho e educação no contexto das políticas educacionais para a Educação Física. Este ensaio tem a finalidade de contribuir com as discussões na área, uma vez que existem posicionamentos contraditórios, e, por conseguinte, concepções diferentes de sociedade e formação humana. Na Educação Física as políticas neoliberais também estão presentes e influenciam diretamente a formação inicial – dualidade entre Licenciatura e Bacharelado, na precarização do trabalho formal e informal.
Reflexões dos futuros professores de educação física sobre o seu processo de formação acadêmica
Authors: Lima Ricardo Jorge Franco , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Resende Rui Manoel Coelho , Cardoso Silvia Maria Castro Fortes
Published: April 2018

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o objetivo retratar a percepção de cinco professores-estagiários-PE portugueses sobre sua própria formação acadêmica, por meio do grupo focal e a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os PE sentem a necessidade de um maior contato com a realidade escolar durante a formação acadêmica e que suas dificuldades no estágio dizem respeito ao controle e autoridade da turma ao se trabalhar modalidades que não estavam presentes no plano de estudo. Como consideração registra-se a presença dos professores supervisor e orientador como fundamentais para o auxílio dos PE e o acontecimento do estágio.
Educação física na educação infantil: o papel do professor de educação física
Authors: D'Avila Alexandra da Silva , Silva Lisandra Oliveira e
Published: April 2018

Esta Pesquisa tematiza e objetiva compreender e analisar a importância do professor de EF na EI, especialmente para contribuir com o desenvolvimento da criança nessa e o trabalho conjunto entre a Unidocente e o professor de EF. O trabalho de campo foi realizado através de observação participante, análise de documentos e entrevistas com a equipe docente. Os resultados destacam a importância de oportunizar a ludicidade nas aulas de EF, a afetividade na EI e a relevância da construção de um trabalho coletivo para a realização de uma prática pedagógica que considere a integralidade da criança de 0 a 5 anos.
Simmel’s Law of the Individual: A Relational Idea of Culture
Authors: Amat Matthieu
Published: April 2018

I propose to read Simmel’s developments on the law of the individual as an attempt to solve the problem of modern culture, that is the increasing discrepancy between life and objective mind. I understand the law of the individual as a regulative idea of culture (in the sense of Bildung), which is, at the same time, relational and individual: as an ideal of the most fruitful relation and synthesis between individual life and objective formations of culture.
The Mythical Foundation of Money and its Early Moments of Abstraction. Connections Between Georg Simmel and Ernst Cassirer
Authors: Klattenhoff Timo
Published: April 2018

Are there similarities between Georg Simmel's concept of money in its early stages and Ernst Cassirer's works on myth as a symbolic form? To answer this question, this paper discusses parts of Simmel's “Philosophy of Money” and Cassirer's “Philosophy of Symbolic Forms”: By showing how primeval use of objects which carry monetary characteristics can be parallelized with ways of mythic world interpretation, similarities between Simmel's and Cassirer's arguments can be highlighted. It is not only the mind, which gains the ability of abstract thinking their examples and concepts point to, but also an idea of culture, which reflects this development.
MERCES: Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas (H2020 funded project)
Authors: Danovaro Roberto , Gambi Cristina
Published: April 2018

MERCES “Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Changing European Seas” (GA 689518) is the first H2020 European project focused on the ecological restoration of degraded marine habitats and the recovering of their biodiversity and ecosystem services. Specific aims include a) improving existing, and developing new, restoration actions of degraded marine habitats; b) increasing the adaptation of EU degraded marine habitats to global change; c) enhancing marine ecosystem resilience and services; d) conducting cost-benefit analyses for marine restoration measures; e) creating new industrial targets and job opportunities. To achieve these objectives MERCES created a multi-disciplinary consortium (28 Partners from 16 Countries) with skills in marine ecology, restoration, policy, socio-economics, knowledge transfer, dissemination and communication.
Segmentation of the zebrafish axial skeleton relies on notochord sheath cells and not on the segmentation clock
Authors: Lleras Forero Laura , Narayanan Rachna , Huitema Leonie FA , VanBergen Maaike , Apschner Alexander , Peterson-Maduro Josi , Logister Ive , Valentin Guillaume , Morelli Luis G , Oates Andrew C , Schulte-Merker Stefan
Published: April 2018

Segmentation of the axial skeleton in amniotes depends on the segmentation clock, which patterns the paraxial mesoderm and the sclerotome. While the segmentation clock clearly operates in teleosts, the role of the sclerotome in establishing the axial skeleton is unclear. We severely disrupt zebrafish paraxial segmentation, yet observe a largely normal segmentation process of the chordacentra. We demonstrate that axial entpd5+ notochord sheath cells are responsible for chordacentrum mineralization, and serve as a marker for axial segmentation. While autonomous within the notochord sheath, entpd5 expression and centrum formation show some plasticity and can respond to myotome pattern. These observations reveal for the first time the dynamics of notochord segmentation in a teleost, and are consistent with an autonomous patterning mechanism that is influenced, but not determined by adjacent paraxial mesoderm. This behavior is not consistent with a clock-type mechanism in the notochord.
RETRACTED: Proteasome storage granules protect proteasomes from autophagic degradation upon carbon starvation
Authors: Marshall Richard S , Vierstra Richard D
Published: April 2018

26S proteasome abundance is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including the elimination of excess or inactive particles by autophagy. In yeast, this proteaphagy occurs upon nitrogen starvation but not carbon starvation, which instead stimulates the rapid sequestration of proteasomes into cytoplasmic puncta termed proteasome storage granules (PSGs). Here, we show that PSGs help protect proteasomes from autophagic degradation. Both the core protease and regulatory particle sub-complexes are sequestered separately into PSGs via pathways dependent on the accessory proteins Blm10 and Spg5, respectively. Modulating PSG formation, either by perturbing cellular energy status or pH, or by genetically eliminating factors required for granule assembly, not only influences the rate of proteasome degradation, but also impacts cell viability upon recovery from carbon starvation. PSG formation and concomitant protection against proteaphagy also occurs in Arabidopsis, suggesting that PSGs represent an evolutionarily conserved cache of proteasomes that can be rapidly re-mobilized based on energy availability.
Reinvestigating an enigmatic Late Cretaceous monocot: morphology, taxonomy, and biogeography of Viracarpon
Authors: Matsunaga Kelly K.S. , Smith Selena Y. , Manchester Steven R. , Kapgate Dashrath , Ramteke Deepak , Garbout Amin , Villarraga-Gómez Herminso
Published: April 2018

Angiosperm-dominated floras of the Late Cretaceous are essential for understanding the evolutionary, ecological, and geographic radiation of flowering plants. The Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India contain angiosperm-dominated plant fossil assemblages known from multiple localities in central India. Numerous monocots have been documented from these assemblages, providing a window into an important but poorly understood time in their diversification. One component of the Deccan monocot diversity is the genus Viracarpon, known from anatomically preserved infructescences. Viracarpon was first collected over a century ago and has been the subject of numerous studies. However, resolution of its three-dimensional (3D) morphology and anatomy, as well as its taxonomic affinities, has remained elusive. In this study we investigated the morphology and taxonomy of genus Viracarpon, combining traditional paleobotanical techniques and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Re-examination of type and figured specimens, 3D reconstructions of fruits, and characterization of structures in multiple planes of section using μCT data allowed us to resolve conflicting interpretations of fruit morphology and identify additional characters useful in refining potential taxonomic affinities. Among the four Viracarpon species previously recognized, we consider two to be valid (Viracarpon hexaspermum and Viracarpon elongatum), and the other two to be synonyms of these. Furthermore, we found that permineralized infructescences of Coahuilocarpon phytolaccoides from the late Campanian of Mexico correspond closely in morphology to V. hexaspermum. We argue that Viracarpon and Coahuilocarpon are congeneric and provide the new combination, Viracarpon phytolaccoides (Cevallos-Ferriz, Estrada-Ruiz & Perez-Hernandez) Matsunaga, S.Y. Smith, & Manchester comb. nov. The significant geographic disjunction between these two occurrences indicates that the genus Viracarpon was widespread and may be present in other Late Cretaceous assemblages. Viracarpon exhibits character combinations not present in any extant taxa and its affinities remain unresolved, possibly representing an extinct member of Alismatales. The character mosaic observed in Viracarpon and the broad distribution of the genus provide new data relevant to understanding early monocot evolution and suggest that the (thus far) largely invisible Late Cretaceous monocot diversification was characterized by enigmatic and/or stem taxa.
Assessment of Decline in Melon Yield and its Contribution to Young Farmers’ Diversification into Watermelon Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyeleke Oyediran Wasiu , Motunrayo Omoare Ayodeji
Published: April 2018

Melon is a popular economic cucurbit in Southwest, Nigeria. In recent time, many young farmers are shifting from melon to watermelon farming due to poor yield and low monetary returns. Hence, this study was carried out to assess decline in melon yield and its contribution to young farmers’ diversification into watermelon farming in Oyo state, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 75 respondents from five villages in Ibarapa block of the Oyo State Agricultural Development Project (ADP). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results show that majority of the respondents (77.3%) were between 31-40 years of age and 46.70% had secondary school education. Most of the respondents (80%) cultivated more than 3 ha of land for watermelon. Majority of the respondents (74.7%) intercropped melon with other crops while watermelon was cultivated as a sole crop. None of the respondents either grew improved melon seeds (certified seeds) or applied fertilizers but all respondents cultivated treated watermelon seeds, applied fertilizers and agro-chemicals. The average yields of melon fell from 376.53kg/ha in 2009 to 280.70kg/ha in 2011. However, the respondents were shifting into watermelon production because of available quality seeds and its early maturity, easy harvest and high sales. There was a significant relationship between melon output and young farmers’ diversification to watermelon in the study area at p < 0.05. The study concluded that decline in the melon yield discouraged youth to continue melon farming in the study area. It is hereby recommended that certified melon seeds should be made available while extension service providers should provide training support for the young farmers in order to reposition and boost melon production in the study area.
Evaluation of the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection in three aromatic plants
Authors: Sánchez-Roque Yazmin , Pérez-Luna Yolanda del Carmen , Berrones Hernández Roberto
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of secondary metabolites in Petroselinum crispum, Salvia officinalis and Dysphania ambrosioides. Three treatments were established: Control (C), commercial inoculum (CI) and native inoculum (NI). Every 15 days height, stem diameter and number of leaves were measured. The percentage of colonization was assessed by staining of roots, and identification of flavonoids through TLC thin layer chromatography, finally the concentration of total phenols was evaluated by spectrophotometry from the ethanol extracts of each plant. The results of development of biomass and the percentage of colonization show statistically significant difference for the three variables evaluated (P≤0.05) from each culture in the treatment of NI with respect to control, showing a greater effect on plants of S. officinalis (51% and 91%, respectively). Chromatography reveals the presence of flavonoids in the three plants; however this is more intense for the treatment of NI, showing increased production of total phenols in S. officinalis. Finally, the chemical characterization of the substrate shows a higher assimilation of nitrogen and phosphorus (0.11% and 0.35 mg / kg respectively) in S. officinalis associated with a native inoculum (NI).
Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
Authors: Sunden Bengt
Published: April 2018

This article provides an introduction to heat transfer theory and then the important application area of heat exchangers is extensively treated. The modes of heat transfer are introduced and major definitions are presented. Correlations for convective heat transfer are provided and heat transfer of extended surfaces as well as composite walls is briefly introduced. Functioning and classifications of heat exchangers are discussed and common methods for analysis, design, rating, and sizing are given. Plate heat exchangers, shell‐and‐tube heat exchangers, compact and regenerative heat exchangers are considered. Special applications like nanofluids in heat exchangers and aerospace applications of heat exchangers are discussed. A section on opportunities for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in heat exchanger design and analysis of performance is also included.
Hemodialysis
Authors: Amanda Stennett
Published: April 2018

Globally, millions of patients receive treatment for kidney failure. Hemodialysis is the most commonly employed process for cleaning the blood of a patient with kidney failure. This membrane‐based process involves countercurrent flow in the dialyzer, which is a hollow fiber membrane cartridge. Since their introduction, hemodialysis machines have become much smaller and safer, while hemodialyzers have continued to become more biocompatible and efficient. These improvements have helped make hemodialysis treatment more widely available to those patients who need it.

In this article, the principles and machines for hemodialysis, treatment parameters, and recent innovations are reviewed.
Comment on “The Effects of Secular Calcium and Magnesium Concentration Changes on the Thermodynamics of Seawater Acid/Base Chemistry: Implications for Eocene and Cretaceous Ocean Carbon Chemistry and Buffering” by Hain et al. (2015)
Authors: Zeebe Richard E. , Tyrrell Toby
Published: April 2018

Hain et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004986, hereafter H15) calculated effects of changing [Ca2+] and [Mg2+] on the equilibrium constants of the CO2‐CaCO3 system in seawater based on a Pitzer ionic interaction model. We show here that critical results presented in H15 are fundamentally wrong. We therefore do not recommend using H15's stoichiometric equilibrium constants to correct for past changes in major‐ion seawater composition.
Discussions on Stakeholder Requirements for Space Weather‐Related Models
Authors: Shprits Yuri Y. , Zhelavskaya Irina S. , Green Janet C. , Pulkkinen Antti A. , Horne Richard B. , Pitchford David , O’Brien T. Paul , Glover Alexi
Published: April 2018

Participants of the 2017 European Space Weather Week in Ostend, Belgium, discussed the stakeholder requirements for space weather‐related models. It was emphasized that stakeholders show an increased interest in space weather‐related models. Participants of the meeting discussed particular prediction indicators that can provide first‐order estimates of the impact of space weather on engineering systems.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Fear Learning
Authors: Stjepanović Daniel , LaBar Kevin S.
Published: April 2018

Fear learning provides organisms with the ability to use signals from their environment to predict potential danger and to recruit defensive behavior. Fear conditioning has long been studied as a model of fear learning in animals and, with the advent of functional brain imaging, has proven critical in translating the neurocircuitry underlying fear learning in animals to humans. This chapter provides an overview of the cognitive neuroscience of fear learning by focusing on key findings from animal and human work that shed light on how fears are acquired and subsequently diminished. Recent advances that highlight the flexibility of the fear learning system are also discussed, focusing on how contexts influence learning and extinction, how fear is generalized beyond initial learning, and the neural mechanisms that make it possible to acquire fear from others without direct experience. Finally, future directions for the field, focusing on variation at the genetic and individual levels, are presented.
Memory and Future Imagining
Authors: Szpunar Karl K. , Schacter Daniel L.
Published: April 2018

In this chapter we present an overview of emerging research on the cognitive and neural bases of episodic or future event simulation—imagining a specific experience in one's personal future—and its relation to memory. The review is presented from the perspective of providing a useful reference for those interested in developing their own work on the topic. In the context of discussing key findings, we focus on standard approaches to evoking future event simulations, methods for collecting and analyzing details associated with simulated events and for inferring their structure, and issues unique to studying the neural correlates of future event simulation. We conclude by considering broader issues for the study of simulation.