bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actividad antioxidante y efecto genotóxico de las semillas de Theobroma cacao L. “cacao”. Ayacucho - 2018
Authors: Enciso Roca Edwin , Aguilar Felices Enrique , Común Ventura Pablo
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la actividad antioxidante y genotoxicidad de las semillas de Theobroma cacao L. Las variedades fueron amarillo, rojo, cacao 9,9, VRAEM12, VRAEM15, CCN-51, criollo y colombiano. Las semillas fueron recolectadas en el Centro Poblado de Manitea, distrito de Kimbiri, región Cusco. El método utilizado para determinar fenoles totales fue Folin – Ciocalteu, para flavonoides, el método del cloruro de aluminio, la actividad antioxidante por los métodos de DPPH y ABTS, la toxicidad aguda oral mediante el método de dosis límite a 2000 mg/kg y el ensayo de genotoxicidad mediante la inducción de micronúcleos en ratón. La variedad criollo tuvo mayor contenido de fenoles totales (80,43 mg EAG/g) y la variedad amarillo menor contenido (54,32 mg EAG/g) (p<0,05). La variedad CCN-51 tuvo mayor contenido de flavonoides (49,12 mg EQ/g) y la variedad amarillo menor contenido (34,62 EQ/g) (p<0,05). Las variedades VRAEM15, criollo, rojo, VRAEM12 y CCN-51 mostraron mayor actividad antioxidante que las variedades cacao 9,9, colombiano y amarillo (p<0,05). El ensayo de toxicidad aguda no mostró signos tóxicos ni causó la muerte de los animales ni alteración en el peso corporal. En los estudios de genotoxicidad no hubo variación estadística significativa en comparación con el control del porcentaje de micronúcleos en eritrocitos de ratón (p<0,05). Se concluye que las semillas de Theobroma cacao, tiene alto contenido de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, buena actividad antioxidante y no presentan genotoxicidad por ensayo de micronúcleos en ratón.
Habilidades sociales y el clima familiar en la Institución Educativa Cap. FAP José Abelardo Quiñones Gonzales, San Juan Bautista, Ayacucho 2018
Authors: Aguirre Andrade Manglio , Tenorio Acosta Indalecio , Morales Silvestre Arturo
Published: January 2021

El objetivo general del estudio fue: Evaluar las habilidades sociales y el clima familiar en estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Cap. FAP. José Abelardo Quiñones Gonzales, Distrito San Juan Bautista, Ayacucho 2018. Materiales y métodos: Diseño no experimental, correlacional de corte transversal; la población fueron estudiantes de educación secundaria y la muestra fue determinado mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, que asciende a 140 estudiantes. La técnica de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario autoinformado; para evaluar el clima familiar se utilizó la Escala de Clima Familiar de Moos y para evaluar las habilidades sociales se utilizó una escala tipo Likert. Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de estudiantes (78.6%) perciben un clima familiar favorable, mientras el 20.7% manifiesta un clima familiar regular; asimismo el mayor porcentaje (73.6%) expresa un nivel alto de habilidades sociales y el 23.6% expresa un nivel regular; la manifestación de las habilidades sociales (X2: 12.39; P>0.05) y la condición del clima familiar (X2: 7.01; P>0.05), es independiente al grado en la que se encuentran los estudiantes. Las dimensiones del clima familiar como relación, estabilidad, desarrollo, se relacionan en forma significativa con las habilidades sociales, pero resalta la dimensión desarrollo del clima social familiar (Rho: 0.40, P<0.05). Conclusión: Se evidencia un nivel de correlación moderada (Rho: 0.42, P<0.05) entre el clima familiar y las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes, es decir a mejor clima familiar, mejora el nivel de las habilidades sociales, aceptándose la hipótesis de investigación.
MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN BERMAIN KARTU PADA PROGRAM KEAKSARAAN DASAR
Authors: Rinawati Ni Kadek Ayu
Published: January 2021

Non-formal education is community education services that purposes to alternate, to add and to complete formal education in order to support life long education program. Functional literacy program becomes one of education program that promoted by Indonesian government which aimed to facilitate illiterate community to possess functional literacy skill, namely: reading, writing, able to calculating numbers and able to speak with national language, that is Bahasa Indonesia, whereas we know that Indonesia is rich with many islands with different languages and cultures. Moreover, the main purpose of this program is to accommodate illiterate community in expanding their knowledge and skill as well as accustom them to utilize natural resources from the surroundings for their life. This study aimed to analyze learners’ motivation with learning strategy, namely numbers card. This study is investigated by using descriptive qualitative method. The object of the study is 1 instructur and 10 learners in PKBM Dharma Sedana Santhi located in Karangasem Regency, Province of Bali. The result shows that learners motivate to learn number or numerical due to numbers card uses in the learning process. The learning athmosphere becomes more interesting, fun and easier for learners to understand the material. Furthermore, learners could work collaboratively to solve a problem in group.

AbstrakPendidikan non-formal adalah layanan pendidikan maysarakat yang difungsikan sebagai pengganti, penambah, dan pelengkap pendidikan formal dalam rangka mendukung program pendidikan sepanjang hayat (life long education) oleh pemerintah.Program keaksaraan fungsional menjadi salah satu program yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk memfasilitasi masyarakat yang buta aksara agar memiliki kecakapan literasi dasar yakni, membaca, menulis, berhitung dan mampu berbahasa Indonesia. Selain itu, tujuan utama program keaksaraan fungsional ini adalah sebagai wadah bagi masyarakat dalam mengembangkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan serta membelajarkan warga belajar memanfaatkan sumber daya alam sekitar guna meningkatkan taraf hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motivasi belajar warga belajar keaksaraan fungsional dalam belajar mengenal angka dengan bermain kartu angka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara. Objek penelitian ini adalah 1 orang tutor dan 10 orang warga belajar program keaksaraan fungsional di PKBM Dharma Sedana Santhi Kabupaten Karangasem – Provinsi Bali. Hasil dari penelitian kualitatif ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan bermain kartu dalam belajar angka mampu menumbuhkan motivasi belajar warga belajar. Proses belajar mengajar menjadi lebih menarik, menyenangkan dan memudahkan warga belajar untuk memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh tutor. Selain itu, warga belajar mampu bekerjasama dalam kelompok dalam menyelesaikan instruksi kelompok.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Motorcycle Tires Entering Longitudinaljoints/Ruts At Shallow Approach Angles
Authors: Kravitz Michael
Published: January 2021

This Paper Will Examine The Effect Of A Motorcycle Driving Into A Longitudinal Joint, Sometimes Called A Rut. If The Approach Angle Is Approximately Less Than Ten Degrees In The Direction Of Travel, The Forces That Are Generated On The Front Tire Due To Striking The Rut, Joint Or Curb, May Cause The Front Motorcycle Tire To Lose Its Ability To Steer Or Brake, And May Initiate A Vibration, Or Caster Effect, Or Wobble, Which Can Result In The Instability And Capsizing The Motorcycle.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Concrete Pumping Accident
Authors: Stephens Paul R.
Published: January 2021

This Paper Describes The Writer Forensic Engineering Approach In Analyzing Concrete Pump Lessor, Pump Operator, General Contractor, And Subcontractor Roles And Responsibilities In An Accident Where A Concrete Finisher Was Using A Concrete Pump In An Unsafe Matter. The Paper Also Includes A Discussion Of The Applicability Of Osha Regulations Regarding Employer Responsibility For Construction Safety At Multi-Employer Jobsites.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of safety Shooting Glasses subject To Ballistic Impact
Authors: Danaher David
Published: January 2021

Currently There Are Voluntary Standards In Place That Outline The Impact Resistance Of Safety Glasses.  although The Standards Set Forth By The American National Standards Institute (Ansi) Outline Testing that Can Be Used To Calculate A Minimum Level Of Energy Which The Lens Should Absorb, Independent Testing has Shown That The Performance Of Modern Safety Glasses Exceed The Minimum Requirements Of The absorbed Energy. This Paper Will Show The Level Of Energy Which A Random Sample Of Safety Glasses Can withstand And Compare The Results To The Current Standards.
Forensic Engineering Investigation - pumps And Motors Damaged in A Power Plant Explosion
Authors: Grounds Richard W.
Published: January 2021

In Addition To Serious Injury Or Loss Of Life To Plant Personnel, Plant Explosions May Cause Significant direct Or Secondary Damage To Facility Machinery, Resulting In Lost Production Time, Costly Repairs, Or replacement Of The Damaged Equipment.  given The Long Procurement Lead Times And Higher Costs Typically Associated With Engineered Machinery (Machinery Not Available Off-The-Shelf), It Is Crucial To Make An Early Determination Of Whether or Not The Damaged Equipment Is Serviceable And Capable Of Providing Reliable Operation After Repairs, Or if The Machinery Must Be Replaced. The Difference In Cost Between The Two Alternatives Is Substantial To the Owner, Insurance Carrier, And All Invested Parties, Particularly When Production Losses Are Considered.  the Focus Of This Investigation Was Four New Machinery Trains Damaged In A Power Plant Natural Gas explosion That Occurred As Construction Of The Facility Neared Completion. Claims For Replacement Machinery were Filed By Various Risk Management Firms On Behalf Of The Builder And Facility Owners, And were Presented To A Claims Adjusting Firm Enlisted By The Insurance Carriers. Independent Consultants were Engaged By The Owners And Claims Adjuster To Examine The Damaged Machinery And Report Findings to The Engaging Parties, With The Findings Being Considered In The Evaluation Of Whether Or Not The machinery Would Be Serviceable Upon Refurbishment.
Forensic Engineering Investigation Of The Hurricane Rita Motorcoach Fire
Authors: Pfenning Dwight
Published: January 2021

A Forensic Engineering Analysis Was Performed Of The Motorcoach Fire That Took The Lives Of3 Houston Area Assisted Living Home Patients As They Were Being Evacuated To The Dallas Area Asurricane Rita Was Approaching The Texas Coast In 2005. The Motorcoach Was Engulfed In Flames Andmoke After A Tag Axle Tire Caught Fire On A Freeway Near Dallas. Our Analysis Included Testing With Extensive Instrumentation On An Exemplar Motorcoach In Order To Determine How The Fire Developed And Entered The Passenger Compartment. Included In The Analysis Was The Contribution To The Fire From The Patients Onboard Oxygen Bottles. The Use Of Alternate Materials Was Tested For Their Effect On The Time For Safe Egress.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Failed Energy Reduction Method For A Central Steam Distribution System
Authors: Haglid Klas C.
Published: January 2021

A Forensic Engineer Was Asked To Visit The Subject University And While Walking Through The Site Noticed Areas Of The Underground Direct Buried Steam Pipe And The Manholes And Found Many Areas Of Rising Steam, Especially In The Area Of The Manholes. Several Of The Manholes Were Producing Visible Columns Of Steam. Ironically, This Central Steam Distribution System Was Engineered To Save Money, Time, Energy, And Improve The Functionality Of The Existing System. Documents Relevant To This Case Have Been Evaluated And National Standards In The Form Of Ashrae And Astm Have Been Referenced And Reviewed. Pictures, National Reference Standards, Material Data Sheets And Other Peer Reviewed Studies Will Be Used To Explain In Detail How A Large Central Steam Distribution System Started To Fail Dramatically And Catastrophically In A Very Short Period Of Time During And After Installation.
Forensic Engineering Investigation of An LP-Gas Installation And an Analysis Of Odor Fade
Authors: Anderson Robert N. , James A. Petersen
Published: January 2021

The First Part Of This Presentation Is A Case Study Involving A Domestic Propane Gas System, Having A Buried Line Between The Supply Tank And The Residence. The Gas Line Was Pierced During A Landscaping Project. This Breach Was Undetected And Gas Leaked Underground; Migrating Towards The House Where It Entered Under The House. The Fugitive Gas Found A Source Of Ignition, Resulting In An Explosion And Death Of The Single Occupant. Odorant In The Gas Apparently Did Not Warn The Occupant. What Performance Improvements Correlate? Dot And Non-Dot Helmets Were Tested To Determine Impact Performance At Velocities Exceeding Standardized Testing Velocities. Three Types Of Dot Approved And Three Types Of Non-Dot Approved Helmets Were Tested At Two Speeds Outside Of The Federal Testing Standards In The United States. The Analysis Was Performed Using An Inverted Pendulum Sub-System Experimental Device With A Hybrid-Iii Anthropometric Dummy Cranium And Neck. Results Quantify The Performance By Category, Model, And Experiment By Test Metric.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Vapor Transmission During Re-Roofing Project
Authors: Swanson Paul
Published: January 2021

Roof Replacement Projects Are Routinely Conducted When A Building Is Occupied. Normal Safety Protocols That Control The Execution Of The Work And The Materials Used Are Specified In The Project Manual To Protect The Building Environment From Adverse Effects During The Course Of The Work. This Is A Case Where The Normal Protocols Were Insufficient To Protect The Building Occupants From Exposure To Vapors Present During The Construction Process. The Resulting Forensic Analysis Revealed That Elements Of The Building Construction Provided The Mechanism For Vapor Transmission That Together With Standard Preventive Measures Actually Created A Condition That Could Increase The Concentration Of Vapors Within The Building.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Impacts To The Adult And Pediatric Head
Authors: Liptai Laura L.
Published: January 2021

This Reports Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Impacts To The Adult Head And Pediatric Head From Multiple Sources, With The Goal Of Amassing A Database To Be Utilized For Forensic Biomedical Engineering Analysis. Supplemental Impact Activities (Of Acceleration Verses Time Data), Rather Than Cumulative Historical Adult And Child Head Impacts Are Discussed. Adult Head Impacts Recently Tested Include Motorcycle, Bicycle And Equestrian Helmeted Impacts. Infant Head Impacts Include Falls Onto Carpet/Tile And Toy Impacts, And Child Head Impacts Include Recreational Ball Tests (Baseballs, Soccer Balls, Playground Balls And Basketballs). Biomedical Engineers Use Computational Modeling And Simulation To Analyze Injurious Trauma To The Human Head And Brain. The Verification Of These Mathematical Models, Codes, Solutions, And/Or Simulations Depends Upon The Quality Of Their Experimental Validation. The Reliability Of The Experimental Data Determines The Validity Of The Modeling. A Database Of Real World Head And Brain Impact Responses Is Constructed Utilizing Principals From Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanics And Anthropometric Dummy Testing. The Digital Data Is Collected According To A Standardized Protocol Using A Tri-Axial Accelerometer Mounted Inside Of Various Anthropometric Dummy Craniums Of Infants, Children And Adults. The Performance Of Motorcycle, Bicycle And Equestrian Helmet Types Is Analyzed With Some Unexpected Results. Other Data Includes Pediatric Experimental Results That Have Not Been Previously Reported: Child Head Impacts With Various Sports Equipment, Infant Head Impacts To Surfaces Commonly In The Home, Like Tile And Carpet, As Well As Infant Head Impacts With Massive, Hard Plastic Toys. The Objective Is To Quantify The Pediatric And Adult Human Head Responses In The Form Of Acceleration Verses Time Data To Impact And Non-Impact Scenarios. This Data Will Supplement The Forensic Engineering Experimental Analysis Database As Well As Define Variables Utilized In The Mathematical Modeling Of Injurious Head Impacts To Improve Head Impact Safety Counter Measures.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of Acceleration Of Cars Vans Light Trucks And Suv’s
Authors: Grossman Richard D.
Published: January 2021

Often, Particularly In The Reconstruction And Analysis Of Traffic Accidents At Or Within Intersections, The Time For One Or More Of The Vehicles To Reach The Point Of Impact And Their Speed At Impact Are Im-Portant Factors. In Cases Where Vehicles Enter The Intersection From A Stopped Condition, Such Times And Speeds Are Typically Obtained By Assigning To The Vehicle Of Interest An Average Acceleration And Comput-Ing The Time To Travel To Impact And Speed At Impact By Using Elementary Physics. However, Justification Of An Assumed Acceleration Can Become A Critical Issue At Time Of Trial Since Rarely Is The Reconstructionist Able To Support The Reasonableness Of His Estimate For Acceleration And/Or Its Applicability To The Involved Accident. This Paper Provides Means For Estimating Time-To-Impact And Speed-At-Impact For Passenger Cars, Vans, Light Trucks, And Suvs Starting From A Stopped Condition To Impact, Both For Vehicles Traveling Straight And Turning. The Equations And Procedures Developed Are Based On Empirical Acceleration Data From Multiple Sources Which Show That The Acceleration Of Such Vehicles, When Starting From A Stopped Condition, First Increases To A Peak Value Then Falls Off As A Function Of Velocity.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of A Pre-Fabricated Direct-Vent Fireplace Fire
Authors: Tindal Jerry R.
Published: January 2021

Pre-Fabricated Fireplace And Chimney Systems Are A Common Appliance Found In Both Residential And Commercial Construction Today. These Systems Offer A Wide Variety Of Styles And Sizes To Meet Both Aesthetic And Supplementary Heating Purposes. Like Any Heating System However, Improper Installation Of These Systems Can Lead To Destructive Fires. This Paper Examines One Such Improper Installation Where Analysis And Physical Testing Was Used To Refute Speculative Testimony Made By The Defense.
Generalized Deformation and Total Velocity Change Analysis with Missing Vehicle Stiffness Coefficients; G-DaTA ?V™
Authors: Ogden Jerry S.
Published: January 2021

Analysis of vehicle deformation from impacts largely relies upon A and B stiffness coefficients for vehicle structures in order to approximate the velocity change and accelerations produced by an impact. While frontal impact stiffness factors for passenger vehicles, light trucks, vans, and sport utility vehicles are relatively prevalent for modern vehicles, stiffness factors for rear and side structures — as well as heavy vehicles, buses, recreational vehicles, trailers, motorcycles, and even objects — are essentially non-existent.
Forensic Engineering Evaluation of Utility Compressor Truck Explosion/Fire
Authors: Shiver Christopher B.
Published: January 2021

A compressed air system installed as a package on a utility company truck experienced a pressure boundary rupture in service, resulting in burning lubricant discharge onto an employee. Numerous design and component defects were alleged, and a series of expert group examinations of the truck, compressor system, and components occurred over the course of approximately three years. The author was retained by one of more than 20 component suppliers involved in this evaluation. Key issues included design of the compressor system and individual components in the pressure boundary, control system, and cooling system. Based on inspection and analysis, there were several causes for this incident that involved individual component and system design deficiencies, installation deficiencies, and operator training inadequacies.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of Toilet Connector Failures in a Class-Action Lawsuit
Authors: Jones James William
Published: January 2021

A major manufacturer of water supply lines that connect flushable toilets to house water piping was the object of a class-action lawsuit. The author examined a large number of failed and exemplar connectors, complete fill lines, and similar injection-molded products as well as visited failure sites with the goal of ascertaining the root cause of the failures. Forensic work included strength tests and finite element analyses to determine the expected life of the nuts, including single overload failure strength and creep analysis to predict life. Tightening tests using random subjects were conducted. A statistical analysis of the failures was also performed. The products of competing manufacturers were evaluated for comparison of similar designs. After much investigation and analysis, it was concluded that the design of the connector was not defective and met relevant industry standards.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Fatal Trailer Wheel-Separation Failure
Authors: Batzer Stephen A.
Published: January 2021

A forensic analysis of a fatal trailer wheel-separation failure is presented in this paper. An older three-axle trailer carrying snowmobiles was being driven at highway speed during winter time in Michigan. The left front wheel detached due to the catastrophic failure of all six lug studs. The wheel traveled into the on-coming traffic lane and struck the roof of a sedan driven by a local student. The driver of this vehicle was killed instantly due to passenger compartment intrusion. One possibility was that the lug nuts were improp-erly tightened during a recently performed service — and that this looseness diminished clamping forces and led to cantilever bending of the studs and fatigue fracture. An analysis of the defendant’s narrative and of the failure were performed.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of Unintended Movement of Powered Industrial Trucks
Authors: Railsback Ben T. , Ziernicki Richard M. , Knapp Steve , Nguyen Ricky
Published: January 2021

Unintended movement of powered industrial trucks after operators have left the operating position has led to serious — and sometimes fatal — accidents. Even though operators are trained to prevent unintended movement of powered industrial trucks, they can forget to shut off the power source or activate systems to prevent the unintended movement when leaving the truck. Operators are known to make mistakes, especially if they are working in a fast-paced environment and are required to frequently leave the trucks. Engineershave designed electrical interlocks and other systems (e.g., automatically applied parking brakes) to prevent unintended movement; however, not all powered industrial trucks are equipped with them. Furthermore, some of these systems only disconnect the power source from the truck’s drivetrain. These trucks can continue traveling due to their initial momentum or by gravity if the truck was left on a slope. The purpose of this paper is to address the design of forklift operator presence detection systems and unintended movement of unoccupied forklifts through a safety and forensic engineering analysis, highlighting a brief case study to examine the concept of use and foreseeable misuse — and to review the legal concept of strict product liability.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of an Explosion Allegedly Caused by an Overfilled Propane Cylinder
Authors: Tindal Jerry R.
Published: January 2021

Analyzing the origin and cause of fires or explosions for the purposes of legal proceedings requires the smooth integration of a reliable fire investigative methodology with sound engineering principles and practices. The origin of a building fire was first determined based on the methodology of NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. Engineering analysis was applied to witness observations, arc mapping, fire dynamics, and the evaluation of fire patterns. The fire cause was then evaluated considering NFPA 921 and integrated applied engineering analysis and calculations. The allegations of an overfilled propane cylinder as the cause of the fire were considered. Spoliation issues, poor investigation methodology, and the lack of sound engineering principles (resulting in unreliable opinions) are also contrasted and discussed.
FE Evaluation of Hillside Excavation for a Construction Contract Dispute
Authors: Storesund Rune
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a forensic evaluation of an earthwork grading dispute between a grading contractor (plaintiff) and property owner (defendant) associated with construction of an approach driveway and hill-side cut for a new residential property. The plaintiff’s allegations were that “changed conditions” had been encountered through the presence of a landslide and/or geologic fault. These conditions resulted in schedule delays and increased costs. Finally, the plaintiff alleged breach of contract after being terminated. The allega-tions were investigated through both on-site field reconnaissance and desktop studies. The forensic analyses found no basis for the changed conditions claims. The case was tried in Napa County California Superior Courts via bench trial. The judge’s decision mirrored the findings of the forensic analyses.
Dynamic Motion Simulation: Applications in Forensic Engineering
Authors: Webster Mark
Published: January 2021

A worker was injured when a large sculpture overturned while it was being transferred on a wheeled cart from a delivery truck onto a dock lift. This paper introduces the use of dynamic motion simulation (DMS) soft-ware as a forensic engineering tool for analyzing and simulating motion/contact between multiple interacting physical objects. Important inputs to the software include the mass properties of the objects — in this case, a very irregularly shaped sculpture. For simple shapes, the distribution of mass can easily be approximated by manually discretizing the object into several smaller, simpler shapes. Accurate determination of the mass dis-tribution of an irregular shape (such as a sculpture) can be aided by measurement methods such as the laser scanning process used in this case. The resulting scan data was used to create a 3-D computer model that was processed using conventional mechanical computer-aided design (CAD) and DMS software to determine the mass properties and ultimately to simulate the dynamic motion.
Misapplication of Pressure Vessel Codes in Forensic Applications
Authors: Kemper Bart
Published: January 2021

Engineering codes are a key method to guide designs to safe and reliable outcomes. Many such codes have prescribed calculations where the user provides specific inputs in a series of calculations, often using charts or tables, to get specific outputs. The design margins, units, and underlying theory are not always apparent. Engineering codes may not be suitable for reverse engineering an incident or providing a failure prediction. This article examines a criminal negligence case in which an initial forensic analysis incorrectly applied the ASME Pressure Vessel Code to use Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a failed pressure vessel section. The flaws in the original analysis were revealed by applying reverse engineering using conventional stress calculations and understanding basic material science. This emphasizes the need to understand the underlying theories with both engineering codes and numerical modeling. Subsequent FEA provided an accurate analysis report that was successfully used in court. These same methods can be applied to many other engineering codes and standards.
Forensic Engineering Evaluation of Excessive Differential Settlement on Compressible Clays
Authors: Storesund Rune , Kropp Alan
Published: January 2021

This forensic engineering (FE) study evaluated root cause errors associated with excessive differential settlements on a housing project constructed on top of a variable thickness layer of highly compressible clays. The structures were reported to have experienced differential settlements on the order of 2 to 10 in. across 40 ft. The FE study examined fundamental assumptions, granularity/resolution of the settlement and differential settlement analyses, and finalized grading plan vs. the conceptual grading plan used as a basis for the differential settlement predictions. The FE study found numerous discrepancies between the “idealized site” used as a basis of analysis and the “actual site” as constructed.
Forensic Engineering Analysis of a Wheel Spindle Failure Due to Pre-Load and Fatigue
Authors: Danaher David
Published: January 2021

Typically, most vehicles equipped with non-powered wheels use a spindle that not only supports the weight of the vehicle but also allows the rotation of the tire. The rotation of the hub and wheel on the spindle is accomplished with the use of either a tapered or double row ball bearing. Bearings are mounted between the spindle and hub/wheel assembly, then secured with a castle nut set to a specified torque. Tapered bearings are chosen for this application because they are designed for applications where forces are generated radially (vertically) and axially (laterally) during use. Although tapered bearings are ideally suited for use in wheel and spindle assemblies, they must be installed properly to perform as designed. As part of that installation, the spindle nut must be properly torqued in order to apply a sufficient pre-load to the tapered bearings. Without the proper pre-load, the bearings can either generate too much friction or ride improperly on the spindle, generating forces that are not properly distributed. This paper will discuss the failure of a spindle and wheel assembly that experienced fatigue due to improper pre-load of the spindle nut.
The response of mesospheric H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability in models and observations
Authors: Karagodin-Doyennel Arseniy , Rozanov Eugene , Kuchar Ales , Ball William , Arsenovic Pavle , Remsberg Ellis , Jöckel Patrick , Kunze Markus , Plummer David A. , Stenke Andrea , Marsh Daniel , Kinnison Doug , Peter Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Water vapor (H2O) is the source of reactive hydrogen radicals in the middle atmosphere, whereas carbon monoxide (CO), being formed by CO2 photolysis, is suitable as a dynamical tracer. In the mesosphere, both H2O and CO are sensitive to solar irradiance (SI) variability because of their destruction/production by solar radiation. This enables us to analyze the solar signal in both models and observed data. Here, we evaluate the mesospheric H2O and CO response to solar irradiance variability using the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) simulations and satellite observations. We analyzed the results of four CCMI models (CMAM, EMAC-L90MA, SOCOLv3, and CESM1-WACCM 3.5) operated in CCMI reference simulation REF-C1SD in specified dynamics mode, covering the period from 1984–2017. Multiple linear regression analyses show a pronounced and statistically robust response of H2O and CO to solar irradiance variability and to the annual and semiannual cycles. For periods with available satellite data, we compared the simulated solar signal against satellite observations, namely the GOZCARDS composite for 1992–2017 for H2O and Aura/MLS measurements for 2005–2017 for CO. The model results generally agree with observations and reproduce an expected negative and positive correlation for H2O and CO, respectively, with solar irradiance. However, the magnitude of the response and patterns of the solar signal varies among the considered models, indicating differences in the applied chemical reaction and dynamical schemes, including the representation of photolyzes. We suggest that there is no dominating thermospheric influence of solar irradiance in CO, as reported in previous studies, because the response to solar variability is comparable with observations in both low-top and high-top models. We stress the importance of this work for improving our understanding of the current ability and limitations of state-of-the-art models to simulate a solar signal in the chemistry and dynamics of the middle atmosphere.
Particles under stress: ultrasonication causes size and recovery rate artifacts with soil-derived POM but not with microplastics
Authors: Büks Frederick , Kayser Gilles , Zieger Antonia , Lang Friederike , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The breakdown of soil aggregates and the extraction of
particulate organic matter (POM) by ultrasonication and density
fractionation is a method widely used in soil organic matter (SOM) analyses.
It has recently also been used for the extraction of microplastic from soil
samples. However, the investigation of POM physiochemical properties and
ecological functions might be biased if particles are comminuted during the
treatment. In this work, different types of POM, which are representative
of different terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic influences, were
tested for their structural stability in the face of ultrasonication in the range
of 0 to 500 J mL−1. The occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM)
of an agricultural and forest soil as well as pyrochar showed a significant
reduction of particle size at ≥50 J mL−1 by an average factor
of 1.37±0.16 and a concurrent reduction of recovery rates by an
average of 21.7±10.7 % when being extracted. Our results imply
that increasing ultrasonication causes increasing retention of POM within
the sedimenting phase, leading to a misinterpretation of certain POM
fractions as more strongly bound oPOM or part of the mineral-associated
organic matter (MOM). This could, for example, lead to a false estimation of physical
stabilization. In contrast, neither fresh nor weathered polyethylene (PE),
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate
(PBAT) microplastics showed a reduction of particle size or the recovery
rate after application of ultrasound. We conclude that ultrasonication
applied to soils has no impact on microplastic size distribution and thus
provides a valuable tool for the assessment of microplastics in soils and
soil aggregates.
Pelagic primary production in the coastal Mediterranean Sea: variability, trends and
contribution to basin scale budgets
Authors: Salgado-Hernanz Paula Maria , Regaudie de Gioux Aurore , Antoine David , Basterretxea Gotzon
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We estimated pelagic primary production (PP) in the coastal ( 300 g C m−2) associated with major river discharges, to less productive provinces (
Effects of elevated CO2 and extreme climatic events on forage quality
and in vitro rumen fermentation in permanent grassland
Authors: Niderkorn Vincent , Morvan-Bertrand Annette , Le Morvan Aline , Benot Marie-Lise , Augusti Angela , Decau Marie-Laure , Picon-Cochard Catherine
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This study was aimed at analyzing changes in botanical and chemical composition, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of an upland grassland exposed to climate changes in controlled conditions except for light intensity, which was the natural one. Grassland was exposed to future climate scenario coupled with CO2 treatments (390 and 520 ppm) from the beginning of spring. During summer, an extreme event (two weeks of increased temperature, +6 °C, associated with severe drought, ECE) was associated. After the ECE, a recovery treatment was performed. Three cutting dates in April, June and November were considered. Our results indicate that increases in greenness, nitrogen (N) content and changes in water-soluble carbohydrate profile for the cut of November result in higher in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) in the rumen. The neutral detergent fiber : nitrogen (NDF : N) ratio appeared to be a main driver of forage quality affected in opposite ways by elevated CO2 and ECE, with a strong impact on rumen fermentation. A trend towards an interaction between atmospheric CO2 concentration and ECE was observed in IVDMD, indicating that their effects could partly offset each other. These findings indicate that the different factors of climate change have to be considered together to characterize their effects on forage quality and use by ruminants.
The Development of a New Innovative Online Undergraduate Health Sciences Program: A Case Study
Authors: Egan Rylan , Dalgarno Nancy , Reid Mary-Anne , Coderre-Ball Angela , Fahey Caryn , Kelley Leah , Kinderman Laura , Flynn Leslie , Adams Michael
Published: January 2021

In September 2016, Queen’s University launched the first, fully online, 4-year Bachelor of Health Science degree program in Canada. This paper reports on the developmental structure, implementation philosophy, and challenges in the development of this competency-based program. All stakeholders directly involved in program development were invited to participate in this qualitative case study. Thirty-five interviews and three focus groups (n=14) were conducted. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed using thematic design. Themes included: program vision; desired program outcomes; administrative processes for funding and recruitment; uniqueness of the program; local, regional and international impact of the program; communication and collaborations for program development; and uncertainty in long term outcomes. Findings suggest that during program development, an explicit vision of program goals encouraged buy-in at most levels of the university. There was consensus that the overarching outcome should be to provide a rigorous, high quality program with pathways to professional, basic science, global health and advocacy-based health professions. The online modality was expected to improve accessibility to degree programs, as well as address diverse student learning needs. Innovation played a vital role in the program’s development and was founded in educational theory and curriculum development practices.
Different Worlds Same Province: Blended Learning Design to Promote Transcultural Understanding in Teacher Education
Authors: Snow Kathy
Published: January 2021

The history of Canada’s educational offerings for Indigenous students was based in colonial and assimilative practice. As such culturally responsive pre-service teacher education needs to respond not only by moving away from historical practice but with a moral and social imperative through programming that aids reconciliation. Current literature outlines the challenges that both Indigenous and mainstream teacher candidates have in developing efficacy towards transcultural skills development. In an effort to respond to both types of students, during the design and development of a 16-month community-based Bachelor of Education program, that was offered in parallel to a campus based program, a model of blended-education for cultural understanding was developed. Using the “elementary science methods” course as design case, this paper will outline the development of the blended model which paired campus- and community-based students. The challenges and successes of the design were determined through a thematic analysis of instructor observations of the pilot during the 2014-15 academic year. Four key themes emerged as important in fostering transcultural understandings within blended learning practice: student efficacy, relationship building, recognition of cultural bias, and legitimizing traditional ecological knowledge. Each of these will be discussed in the context of the course as well as transformative post-secondary educational experiences.
Ideario para una dramaturgia del siglo XXI destinada a la infancia y la juventud
Authors: Rodríguez Roríguez Nieves , Fernández de Sevilla Lola
Published: January 2021

Este artículo pretende ahondar en las claves de la dramaturgia del siglo XXI destinada a la infancia y la juventud, tanto en lo que se refiere a la escritura como a la práctica escénica. Nos servimos de distintos materiales textuales y escénicos para ilustrar el tipo de retos y necesidades que, pensamos, la dramaturgia en el teatro para jóvenes públicos tiene en nuestro tiempo.
Lope de Vega y Calderón también pueden ser para niños
Authors: García González Almudena
Published: January 2021

El repertorio de teatro infantil y juvenil en la escena actual es realmente diverso. Y entre todas las obras que podemos ver encontramos un número considerable de montajes que son adaptaciones de obras clásicas. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones no son textos dramáticos de los que parten, sino textos narrativos como El Quijote o los cuentos de Perrault. Y en el caso de ser una pieza dramática, Shakespeare y su tragedia Romeo y Julieta son el autor y la obra que más vemos representados. Este trabajo analiza esta situación y trata de mostrar, a través de montajes innovadores llevados a cabo por compañías como Pie Izquierdo o Tropos Teatro de títeres, que el teatro de los dramaturgos barrocos españoles como Lope de Vega y Calderón, también puede ser una apuesta excelente para divertir y enseñar valores universales al público más joven.
Strategic alignment maturity criteria as a catalyst for enhancing operational excellence in Jordanian industrial companies
Authors: AL-Hashem Adel , Orabi Tareq Abu
Published: January 2021

High convergence level of strategic alignment between business and information technology helps companies enhance operational excellence. This research aims to identify strategic alignment maturity criteria level and their impacts on operational excellence in Jordanian industrial companies. The population of the study consists of all managers at top and middle management and a purposive sample is used to answer questionnaire items. In this survey, 288 valid responses are collected for analysis using SPSS (20) and smart PLS "V. 3". The study reveals that there is a significantly positive impact of strategic alignment maturity criteria (communication, competency-value Measurement, governance, partnership, scope & architecture and skills) on operational excellence. The most maturity criteria have a mid-level of maturity except scope & architecture and competency-value measurement criteria which maintain a low level. Thus, the study concluded that the researched companies have to recognize the business value of information technology (IT) investment and harmonizing IT architecture with business structure.
The moderating effect of price consciousness on the relationship between green products purchase intention and customers’ purchase behavior: Does environmental knowledge matters? ,
Authors: Khaleeli Majdi , Oswal Nidhi , Sleem Hani
Published: January 2021

This research intends to explore the relationship between subjective and objective environmental knowledge and green products purchase intention and if green products purchase intention leads to green products actual purchase behavior in the context of UAE consumers. It also intends to explore the moderating effect of Price consciousness on the relationship between green products purchase intention and green products actual purchase behavior. A self-administered questionnaire used to collect the data about the study variables, 186 respondents from UAE participated in this research and data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The findings of this research indicate that Subjective and Objective Environmental Knowledge were determinants of Green Products Purchase Intention, and that Purchase Intention was positively and significantly associated with actual Purchase Behavior. No significant relationship found of price consciousness as a moderator.
Pension and retirement intentions as determinants of employee engagement and productivity
Authors: Kurniawan Nur Hasan , Yasin Mahmuddin , Hamidah Hamidah
Published: January 2021

The issue of pension funds is not only a financial matter, but also a human resource. Pension funds do not stand alone, but are assumed to be related to other human resource (HR) variables. Starting from this background, this study aims to examine the effect of the occupational pension scheme (OPS) and retirement intentions (RI) variables partially on employee productivity (EP) directly or through employee engagement (EE), the effect of OPS on RI, and the effect of OPS on EP through RI. Post-positivist is the research paradigm, with a quantitative research approach, with explanatory causal types and statistical studies. Dapenma-Pamsi is selected as the location of this research and we choose the Joint Pension Fund of municipal waterwork which are located in six provinces in Java Island. The sampling technique for this study was proportionate stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 500 active Dapenma-Pamsi participants in six provinces in Java. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-7. The data analysis technique used SEM-AMOS. The results of the study are supported by ten research hypotheses. The novelty of this research is the integration of variables rooted in the discipline of financial management and variables from the discipline of human resource management. This research is also could help Indonesia Government foster the growth of Private Pension Fund Program in Indonesia.
What if it is too negative? Managing emotions in the organization
Authors: Rehman Saqib , Hamza Muhammad Ali , Anum Leena , Zaid Farah Sheikh , Khan Ahmed Hussain , Farooq Zahida
Published: January 2021

Hospitality industry always looks for the exhibition of positive emotions from employees’ side and employees display it through suppressing negative emotions (surface acting) or expressing positive emotions (deep acting). The aim of this study is to examine the impact of emotional labor strategies on emotional exhaustion of employees through moderating effect of perceived organizational support. The study uses a sample of 190 employees of chain hotels situated in Lahore, Pakistan. Results concludes that hotels in hospitality sector should value the emotions of frontline employees to prevent them from getting emotionally exhausted, so they could serve the customers’ productively. Similarly, if organizations develop a mechanism and system that enhance the positive perception of organizational support among employees, it will decrease the adverse consequences of emotional labor. This research could be carried out in other service sectors like education, health, banking, airlines etc. where frontline employees matter a lot for organizational image.
ELEVATION OF THE CENTER OF ROTATION WITH THE USE OF JUMBO CUPS IN REVISION TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY – A RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Bulgaria, Zagorov Maksim , Mihov Kalin ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Bulgaria, Dobrilov Svetoslav ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Bulgaria, Nenova Gergana ,   Training sector of Kinesitherapy, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: January 2021

Background: Acetabular revision with extra-large (jumbo) cementless cups is an effective treatment for many cavitary and segmental peripheral bone defects. However, hip center elevation may occur with the use of a jumbo cup owing to the superior direction of reaming and the increased diameter of the component compared with the native acetabulum. Purposes: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the radiographically observed hip center elevation with the use of jumbo cups in acetabular and total hip revision at our institution. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed control radiographic images of 43 consecutive patients treated with acetabular and total hip revision arthroplasty with a press-fit cementless cup. The difference between the height of the rotation center of the acetabular cup and the height of the rotation center of the contralateral native hip relative to the inter teardrop line was radiographically measured. Results: The radiographically measured mean elevation of the rotation center of the jumbo cup was 8,75 mm, which yielded an average increase in the height of the rotation centre of 83,6. A mean vertical shift of the rotation center of 0,72 mm was estimated for every 1 mm increase in the size of the jumbo cup. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the use of jumbo cups in revision hip arthroplasty leads to elevation of the rotation center of the hip with an average of 9 mm. This could be considered by the surgeon in an attempt to restore leg length, stability and biomechanics of the prosthetic hip.