bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
White Rabbit Expansion Board: Design, Architecture, and Signal Integrity Simulations
Authors: Real Diego , Calvo David , Zornoza Juan de Dios , Manzaneda Mario
Published: August 2023

The White Rabbit protocol allows synchronization and communication via an optical link in an integrated, modular, and scalable manner. It provides a solution to those applications that have very demanding requirements in terms of synchronization. Field-programmable gate arrays are used to implement the protocol; additionally, special hardware is needed to provide the necessary clock signals used by the dual-mixer time difference for precise phase measurement. In the present work, an expansion board that allows for White Rabbit functionality is presented. The expansion board contains the oscillators required by the White Rabbit protocol, one running at 125 MHz and another at 124.922 MHZ. The architecture of this board includes two oscillator systems for tests and comparison. One is based on VCOs and another on crystal oscillators running at the desired frequencies. In addition, it incorporates a temperature sensor, from where the medium access control address is extracted, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a pulse-per-second output, and a USB UART to access the White Rabbit IP core at the field-programmable gate array. Finally, to ensure the quality of the layout design and guarantee the level of synchronization desired, the results of the power and signal integrity simulations are also presented.
Multi-Task Learning and Gender-Aware Fashion Recommendation System Using Deep Learning
Authors: Naham Al-Zuhairi , Wang Jiayang , Raeed Al-Sabri
Published: August 2023

Many people wonder, when they look at fashion models on social media or on television, whether they could look like them by wearing similar products. Furthermore, many people suffer when they sometimes find fashion models in e-commerce, and they want to obtain similar products, but after clicking on the fashion model, they receive unwanted products or products for the opposite gender. To address these issues, in our work, we built a multi-task learning and gender-aware fashion recommendation system (MLGFRS). The proposed MLGFRS can increase the revenue of the e-commerce fashion market. Moreover, we realized that people are accustomed to clicking on that part of the fashion model, which includes the product they want to obtain. Therefore, we classified the query image into many cropped products to detect the user’s click. What makes this paper novel is that we contributed to improving the efficiency performance by detecting the gender from the query image to reduce the retrieving time. Second, we effectively improved the quality of results by retrieving similarities for each object in the query image to recommend the most relevant products. The MLGFRS consists of four components: gender detection, object detection, similarity generation, and recommendation results. The MLGFRS achieves better performance compared to the state-of-the-art baselines.
Part-of-Speech Tags Guide Low-Resource Machine Translation
Authors: Kadeer Zaokere , Yi Nian , Wumaier Aishan
Published: August 2023

Neural machine translation models are guided by loss function to select source sentence features and generate results close to human annotation. When the data resources are abundant, neural machine translation models can focus on the features used to produce high-quality translations. These features include POS or other grammatical features. However, models cannot focus precisely on these features when data resources are limited. The reason is that the lack of samples makes the model overfit before considering these features. Previous works have enriched the features by integrating source POS or multitask methods. However, these methods only utilize the source POS or produce translations by introducing the generated target POS. We propose introducing POS information based on multitask methods and reconstructors. We obtain the POS tags by the additional encoder and decoder and compute the corresponding loss function. These loss functions are used with the loss function of machine translation to optimize the parameters of the entire model, which makes the model pay attention to POS features. The POS features focused on by models will guide the translation process and alleviate the problem that models cannot focus on the POS features in the case of low resources. Experiments on multiple translation tasks show that the method improves 0.4∼1 BLEU compared with the baseline model on different translation tasks.
On the Problems of Current Limitations in Networks Based on Power Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Safonov Evgeniy , Frolov Vladimir , Zhiligotov Ruslan , Petrenya Yuri
Published: August 2023

The presence of high short-circuit currents (200–300 kA) in autonomous and generator power systems of low and medium voltage classes, causing a decrease in the switching resource of switching facilities, necessitates the search for ways of limiting the current. The paper proposes a solution to this problem: a semiconductor current-limiting device based on a DC chopper, a DC-to-DC converter. This devices’ features are its low dimensions and losses during typical operation. Semiconductor elements can be arranged quite compactly due to the lack of radiators for cooling, since the cooling process—taking into account the short duration of the current limitation process—is not efficient. The choice of semiconductor devices takes into account the short duration of the current load, as a result of which the temperature of the semiconductor structure does not exceed its permissible value. This paper presents a method for calculating the parameters of semiconductor devices, taking into account the current load as well as adjusting the magnitude of current limitation to a value that can be disconnected by switching devices. The short-term mode of operation of the power semiconductor device with current regulated by the frequency and duty cycle of its operation makes it possible to facilitate the required current limitation in the circuit for the subsequent fault clearance with a typical electrical device. The problem of overcurrent of one of the elements of the limiter is noted, which requires special attention to ensure that the semiconductor device is not overheated. This paper also presents the principle of current limitation, summarizes the results of experimental studies, and analyzes the presented capabilities of a semiconductor current limiter.
Optimizing Hybrid Microgrid Power Systems for Local Power Distribution: A Study on Combined Photovoltaic and Fuel Cell Systems in the Philippines
Authors: Rivadulla Godfrey Anthony T. , Apolinario Gerard Francesco D. G. , Pacis Michael C.
Published: August 2023

In pursuit of energy self-sufficiency and meeting the growing energy demand, the Philippine government has formulated its Energy Road Map for the year 2040, aiming to strengthen, continue, and accelerate the adoption of renewable energy (RE) across the archipelago. This paper presents a proposed multiple microgrid system integrated into an existing distribution system, utilizing renewable energy sources. The proposed model involves the conversion of a section of the distribution system into a microgrid setup, comprising photovoltaic (PV) energy and fuel cell (FC) technologies connected to a 13.2 kV distribution grid. A modified three-phase three-level voltage-sourced converter (VSC) is employed to control the inverter. The proposed modifications result in improved operational efficiency compared to conventional approaches. Various operating cases are considered, each with a designated power source operating according to a predefined schedule. A unified controller is employed across all operating cases, ensuring system stability. Simulation and experimental results conducted through MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate the impact of VSC in terms of voltage regulation, frequency stability, and accumulated power losses. They revealed that voltage regulation for understudy cases ranged from 0.1 to 4.5%, microgrid frequencies were between 59.1 and 60.08 Hz, and power distribution losses were at 1.2–3.3% of the generated power.
Design of Fault-Tolerant Automotive Gateway Architecture Using MC9S12XDP512 Microcontroller Device
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Ramesh , Chokkalingam Bharatiraja , Munda Josiah Lange
Published: August 2023

The increasing number of electrical components and sensors in modern vehicles makes network design more challenging. The development of automotive electronics through multiple communication protocols brings out the importance of a hybrid network that is both optimal and fault-tolerant. In order for a vehicle to communicate with electronic components like engine management systems, stability control units, braking systems, and door functions, a CAN (controller area network) is developed. In order to create a hierarchical vehicle network gateway for quality fortification and cost reduction of vehicles, the CAN and LIN (local interconnect network) are considered. This standardisation will reduce the variety of low-end multiplex solutions currently available for automotive electronics’ development costs, production rates, service fees, and logistics costs. The implementation of a gateway in these electronic devices is made possible with the proposed hybrid architecture. This system effectively shows the high-speed and low-speed applications relevant to crucial ECUs in the network by using two distinct CAN and LIN gateways to send sensor data between the ECUs (electronic control units).
Thermal Effects of Electromagnetic Energy on Skin in Contact with Metal: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Wessapan Teerapot , Rattanadecho Phadungsak , Somsuk Nisakorn , Yamfang Manop , Guptasa Manaporn , Montienthong Prempreeya
Published: August 2023

It has been well recognized that interactions between electromagnetic fields and metals are very strong. The consequence of human tissue in contact with metal, when subjected to an alternating electromagnetic field, is an increase in tissue temperature, which results from metals absorbing the energy obtained through induction. However, the electromagnetic induction characteristics and tissue energy absorbed caused by various electromagnetic field exposure conditions have not been well understood. A computational model was developed and employed in this study to assess the temporal and spatial temperature increases in skin due to contact with a highly conductive metallic plate while subjected to a high-intensity electromagnetic field. The effects of plate material, plate thickness, coil distance, and exposure time on temperature increase in the skin were computationally investigated. The electromagnetic and temperature distributions in skin layers during exposure to electromagnetic fields were achieved using models of electromagnetic wave propagation and an unsteady bioheat transfer. The modeling approach used indicates that the plate thickness, plate material, coil distance, and exposure time have a significant impact on the temperature change in the skin. The most important parameter was found to be the metal type. Iron has the greatest effect on skin temperature increase when subjected to external electromagnetic induction. These results allow the researchers to estimate more precisely the exposure limits for induction coils.
A Turn-Ratio-Changing Half-Bridge CLLC DC–DC Bidirectional Battery Charger Using a GaN HEMT
Authors: Shieh Yueh-Tsung , Wu Chih-Chiang , Jeng Shyr-Long , Liu Ching-Yao , Hsieh Shiang-Yu , Haung Chi-Chun , Shieh Wen-Yuh , Chieng Wei-Hua , Chang Edward-Yi
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a 250 kHz bidirectional battery charger circuit using a GaN HEMT. The charger is subjected to a high-/low-side constant voltage at 200 V/20 V. The charger circuit is a hybrid of the LLC and flyback circuit topologies. Both the power output analysis and efficiency control of this circuit are simplified when the magnetization current is minimized using the low-resistance GaN HEMT. The switching frequency is controlled to match the series resonance in a way that is analogous to conventional LLC circuit controls, while the duty ratio that determines the power output and the dead time, which determines the zero voltage switching, is controlled in an analogous manner to the flyback circuit control. The charging and discharging modes were altered by applying a double-throw relay that changes the transformer turn ratio, which is different from conventional LLC designs using the switching frequency adjustment. A nominal turn ratio with Np = 35 and Ns = 3.5 for a 200 V/20 V converter can only produce an internal series resonance with no current flowing in any charging direction. The proposed circuit using a transformer with multiple windings (Np = 35, Ns,F = 4, and Ns,R = 3) was fabricated to deliver 125 W output power from the power grid battery to the vehicle battery in the forward (charging) mode and 90 W in the reverse (discharging) mode. The conversion efficiency was calculated to be as high as 97% in the forward mode and 95% in the reverse mode. The high conversion efficiency is due to the characteristics of the GaN HEMT, including low resistive and switching losses. The equations derived in this paper associate these losses with the series resonant frequency and power conversion rate, which highlight the advantages of using a GaN HEMT in this CLLC design.
Applications of Energy Storage Systems in Enhancing Energy Management and Access in Microgrids: A Review
Authors: Ali Ziad M. , Calasan Martin , Aleem Shady H. E. Abdel , Jurado Francisco , Gandoman Foad H.
Published: August 2023

As the world’s population continues to grow and the demand for energy increases, there is an urgent need for sustainable and efficient energy systems. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, have the potential to play a significant role in meeting this demand, but their intermittency can make integration into existing energy systems a challenge. Moreover, the development of sustainable energy systems has become even more critical in recent years, due to a confluence of events, including the decline in fuel prices, geopolitical conflicts, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in fuel prices has led to a decline in investment in renewable energy and has slowed the transition to sustainable energy systems. Additionally, geopolitical conflicts and pandemics have highlighted the need for resilient and self-sufficient energy systems that can operate independently of external factors. Also, energy storage technologies play a critical role in achieving this goal by providing reliable backup power and enabling microgrids to operate independently of the larger power grid. As such, developing efficient and effective energy storage technologies is essential for creating sustainable energy systems that can meet the demands of modern society while mitigating the impact of external factors. In this regard, this work provides an overview of microgrids’ latest energy storage technologies, including their applications, types, integration strategies, optimization algorithms, software, and uncertainty analysis. Energy storage technologies have a wide range of applications in microgrids, including providing backup power and balancing the supply and demand of energy. Different energy storage techniques have been discussed, including batteries, flywheels, supercapacitors, pumped hydro energy storage, and others. Moreover, integration strategies of energy storage in microgrids, models, assessment indices, and optimization algorithms used in the design of energy storage systems are presented in detail. The capabilities of software used in energy storage sizing are explored. Further, uncertainty analysis in modeling energy storage devices is presented and discussed. This state-of-the-art technology has been prepared to demonstrate the effectiveness of energy storage technologies in microgrids, providing valuable insights for future developments in the field.
A Comparative Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Correlations for Hydrocarbons and Ethanol
Authors: ElFaham Mohamed , Tang Clement C.
Published: August 2023

This study will present a comprehensive review of the two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of hydrocarbons such as propane (R-290), butane (R-600), iso-butane (R-600a), and ethanol at various experimental conditions. Studying the multiphase flow heat transfer coefficient is crucial for many types of heat transfer equipment to achieve higher efficiency for more compact design and cost reduction. One reason we chose hydrocarbons as refrigerants in this study is that they are of an ozone depletion potential equal to zero (ODP = 0) and a deficient level of direct global warming potential (GWP = 3). Moreover, hydrocarbons’ thermodynamic and thermophysical characteristics qualify them to be a strong candidate for more heat transfer applications, initially, by constructing a database for the working fluids using multiple existing experimental work. The current data that this study have collected for the flow boiling spans a wide range of parameters, such as mass flux, heat flux, operating pressure, saturation temperature, etc. Furthermore, by comparing the experimental multiphase heat transfer coefficient database with the anticipated values of each correlation, the prediction performance of 26 correlations found in the literature was assessed. This study allows the best prediction method to be selected based on the minimum deviation of predicted results from the experimental database provided based on the mean absolute error (MAE) calculated from the assessed correlations. The conclusions of such a study can also be helpful for developing more accurate correlation methods for these fluids and improving the prediction of their flow boiling characteristics.
Efficient Biorefinery Based on Designed Lignocellulosic Substrate for Lactic Acid Production
Authors: Wang Ying , Gao Ming
Published: August 2023

The current study investigated the feasibility of developing and adopting a few state-of-the-art fermentation techniques to maximize the efficiency of the lignocellulosic waste bioconversion. There have been various efforts towards utilizing the fermentable sugars released from the specific parts of lignocellulose, i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose. However, complete utilization of carbon sources derived from lignocellulosic biomass remains challenging owing to the generated glucose in the presence of β-glucosidase, which is known as glucose-induced carbon catabolite repression (CCR). To overcome this obstacle, a novel simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of lactic acid was designed by using Celluclast 1.5L as a hydrolytic enzyme to optimize the generation and utilization of pentose and hexose. Under the optimal enzyme loading and pH condition, 53.1 g/L optically pure L-lactic acid with a maximum volumetric productivity of 3.65 g/L/h was achieved during the SSF from the brewer’s spent grain without any nutrient supplementation. This study demonstrated the potential of lactic acid production from the designed lignocellulosic substrate.
The Influence of Trctf1 Gene Knockout by CRISPR–Cas9 on Cellulase Synthesis by Trichoderma reesei with Various Soluble Inducers
Authors: Chen Yudian , Gao Yushan , Wang Zancheng , Peng Nian , Ran Xiaoqin , Chen Tingting , Liu Lulu , Li Yonghao
Published: August 2023

Knockout of the transcriptional repressor Trctf1 is known to enhance the yield of cellulose-induced cellulase synthesis in Trichoderma reesei. However, different inducers possess distinct induction mechanisms, and the effect of Trctf1 on cellulase synthesis with soluble inducers remains unknown. To evaluate the effect of the Trctf1 gene on cellulase synthesis and develop a high-yielding cellulase strain, we established a CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing system in T. reesei Rut C30 using codon-optimized Cas9 protein and in vitro transcribed RNA. This study demonstrated that T. reesei ΔTrctf1 with the Trctf1 gene knocked out showed no statistically significant differences in cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase, and β−glucosidase production when induced with MGD (the mixture of glucose and sophorose). However, when induced with lactose, the activities of these enzymes increased by 20.2%, 12.4%, and 12.9%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences in β−glucosidase activity. The hydrolysis efficiency on corn stover of cellulases produced by T. reesei ΔTrctf1 under different inducers was not significantly different from that of wild-type cellulases, indicating that Trctf1 gene deletion has little effect on the cellulase cocktail. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of T. reesei cellulase synthesis by different soluble inducers, as well as the construction of high-yield cellulase gene−engineered strains.
Simulation Study of an Abstract Forest Ecosystem with Multi-Species under Lightning-Caused Fires
Authors: Ouyang Zhi , Wang Shiying , Du Nisuo
Published: August 2023

There is a complex interaction between lightning-caused fire behavior and the flora and fauna of the forest, which involves the influence of a large number of ecological factors. However, more comprehensive simulation studies under multi-system interactions between lightning ignition, forest fire spread, and animal behavior are not well developed. In this paper, we propose a forest ecosystem model based on the Agent-based modelling approach to explore the detailed linkages between different forms of lightning-caused fires and forest biodiversity. The model simulates the lightning ignition, fire spread, vegetation burning and recovery, and multi-species-survival dynamics. The experimental results show the sensitivity between environmental parameters and the magnitude of lightning-caused fires, and the beneficial ecological consequences of lightning-caused fires on forest ecosystems. By exploring detailed linkages between different forms of lightning-caused fires and forest biodiversity, we provide theoretical insights and reference suggestions for forest system governance and biodiversity conservation.
Preparation, Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Components of Kombucha Beverages from Golden-Flower Tea (Camellia petelotii) and Honeysuckle-Flower Tea (Lonicera japonica)
Authors: Wu Si-Xia , Xiong Ruo-Gu , Cheng Jin , Xu Xiao-Yu , Tang Guo-Yi , Huang Si-Yu , Zhou Dan-Dan , Saimaiti Adila , Gan Ren-You , Li Hua-Bin
Published: August 2023

Kombucha is a fermented tea known for its health benefits. In this study, golden-flower tea (Camellia petelotii) and honeysuckle-flower tea (Lonicera japonica) were first used as raw materials to prepare kombucha beverages. The antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents, concentrations of bioactive components, and sensory scores of two kombucha beverages were assessed. Additionally, effects of fermentation with or without tea residues on kombucha beverages were compared. The results found that two kombucha beverages possessed strong antioxidant activities and high scores of sensory analysis. In addition, fermentation with golden-flower tea residues could remarkably enhance the antioxidant activity (maximum 2.83 times) and total phenolic contents (3.48 times), while fermentation with honeysuckle tea residues had a minor effect. Furthermore, concentrations of several bioactive compounds could be increased by fermentation with golden-flower tea residues, but fermentation with honeysuckle-flower tea residues had limited effects. Moreover, the fermentation with or without tea residues showed no significant difference on sensory scores of golden-flower tea kombucha and honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha, and golden-flower tea kombucha had higher sensory scores than honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha. Therefore, it might be a better strategy to produce golden-flower tea kombucha by fermentation with tea residues, while honeysuckle-flower tea kombucha could be prepared without tea residues.
Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Properties of Chia Seeds from Latin American Countries
Authors: Vera-Cespedes Natalia , Muñoz Loreto A. , Rincón Miguel Ángel , Haros Claudia M.
Published: August 2023

In the last few decades, chia (Salvia hispanica L.) cultivation has expanded around the world, and the seeds have become well known due to their rich composition of nutrients and bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physical, chemical, and nutritional profile of eight types of chia seeds grown in different Latin-American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru). The results showed that several nutritional parameters of the seeds, such as the protein content and amino acid profile, dietary fiber content, lipid content, mineral composition, and presence of phytate, depend on the location in which they were grown. Other parameters, such as ash content, fatty acid profile, or various physical parameters, were uniform across locations (except for color parameters). The results support the notion that the nutritional characteristics of seeds are determined by the seeds’ origin, and further analysis is needed to determine the exact mechanisms that control the changes in the seed nutritional properties of chia seeds.
Exploring Consumer Behavior and Preferences in Welfare-Friendly Pork Breeding: A Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Pugliese Michela , Previti Annalisa , De Pascale Angelina , Alibrandi Angela , Zirilli Agata , Biondi Vito , Passantino Annamaria , Monti Salvatore , Giannetto Carlo , Lanfranchi Maurizio
Published: August 2023

This study investigates consumer behavior and interest in “welfare-friendly” forms of pork production, considering the growing presence of animal welfare-focused breeding practices. The aim is to outline the typical profile of pork consumers and identify the key attributes influencing their purchasing decisions. A survey was conducted on a sample of 286 individuals after excluding those who only consumed beef and/or poultry or identified as vegetarians/vegans. Regression coefficients (b), 95% Confidence Intervals (95% C.I.), and p-values were reported for univariate and multivariate models. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05 (indicated in bold). The findings indicate that younger participants show greater sensitivity towards consuming meat raised using welfare-friendly methods, raising considerations about the age composition of the sample. The research’s originality lies in evaluating consumer interest in pork raised with animal welfare-respecting techniques. The use of appropriate statistical tools, such as multivariate and multilayer models, allows effective solutions for multidimensional hypothesis testing problems in non-parametric permutation inference.
Rheological Study of the Formation of Pullulan Hydrogels and Their Use as Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Delivery Systems
Authors: Santamaría Esther , Anjinho de Barros Leticia , González Carme , Maestro Alicia
Published: August 2023

Hydrogels have been extensively studied as delivery systems for lipophilic compounds. Pullulan hydrogels were prepared, and their gelation kinetics were studied over time. Pullulan exhibited a relatively slow gelling reaction in basic medium (KOH) using trisodium metaphosphate (STMP) as a cross-linking agent, so capsules cannot be obtained by dripping as easily as in the case of alginate and chitosan. The kinetics of pullulan gelation were studied through rheological analysis over time. An optimal [Pullulan]/[KOH] ratio was found for a fixed [Pullulan]/[STMP] ratio. For this given relationship, gelling time measurements indicated that when the concentration of pullulan increased, the gelation time decreased from 60 min for 6% w/w pullulan to 10 min for 10% w/w. After the gel point, a hardening of the hydrogel was observed over the next 5 h. The formed hydrogels presented high degrees of swelling (up to 1800%). Freeze-dried gels were capable of being rehydrated, obtaining gels with rheological characteristics and visual appearance similar to fresh gels, which makes them ideal to be freeze-dried for storage and rehydrated when needed. The behavior of the hydrogels obtained as active ingredient release systems was studied. In this case, the chosen molecule was carvacrol (the main component of oregano oil). As carvacrol is hydrophobic, it was incorporated into the droplets of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion, and the nanoemulsion was incorporated into the hydrogel. The release of the oil was studied at different pHs. It was observed that as the pH increased (from pH 2 to pH 7), the released amount of carvacrol for the gel with pullulan 10% w/w reached 100%; for the other cases, the cumulative release amount was lower. It was attributed to two opposite phenomena in the porous structure of the hydrogel, where more porosity implied a faster release of carvacrol but also a higher degree of swelling that promoted a higher entry of water flow in the opposite direction. This flow of water prevented the active principle from spreading to the release medium.
Analysis of the Efficiency of Petroleum Systems in Fluvial Environments in the Rift Context of the South and North Atlantic: Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Barbosa Gustavo Santana , Garcia Gustavo Gonçalves , Pena dos Reis Rui Paulo Bento , Garcia Antônio Jorge Vasconcellos , Barberes Gabriel de Alemar
Published: August 2023

The present article exhibits the achieved results based on the evaluation of two petroleum systems, which compares reservoirs of fluvial environments of sedimentary basins located in the south and north Atlantic, in Brazil (Recôncavo Basin) and in Portugal (Lusitanian Basin), respectively. The main contribution of this study is the survey of the static (source, reservoir, and sealing rocks, in addition to traps) and dynamic elements (tectonic, migration, thermal, and diagenetic processes) of the two studied petroleum systems, seeking to understand the reasons for the success and failure of the analyzed reservoirs in relation to the accumulation of hydrocarbons. The following materials were used for this study: lithostratigraphic charts, event charts of petroleum systems, interpreted 2D seismic reflection lines, lithological profiles, outcrop data, geochemical analysis of source rocks, petrographic analysis, and description of diagenetic processes, which acts in the reservoir rocks. The methodology presents two phases: the first with a multiscale characterization of the elements of petroleum systems and economic aspects, and another with an integrated analysis of the reservoir potentials, based on the efficiency analysis table of the petroleum system elements and interpretative diagrams of the petroleum system elements. The occurrences of hydrocarbon accumulations indicate that the structuring of the Recôncavo Basin in horsts and grabens provides the formation of efficient migration routes, combined with an excellent source rock, reservoirs with good permo-porous characteristics, and effective seal rocks. On the other hand, in the Lusitanian Basin, the Paleozoic source rocks occur in mini-basins, with little lateral continuity, which negatively affects the generation of hydrocarbons. Besides this fact, saliferous tectonics were the main cause of hydrocarbon migration along faults or their walls towards the upper strata and to the surface. The fluvial reservoir rock shows a strong action of diagenetic processes, which affects its petrophysical properties. The main implication of this work is its contribution to the analysis of analogous reservoirs, based on the detailed investigation of the static and dynamic elements of petroleum systems.
Theoretical Developments for the Interpretation of Cavity Flow Permeability Tests Conducted on Intact Lac du Bonnet Granite
Authors: Selvadurai A. P. S.
Published: August 2023

The permeability of intact geologic media features prominently in many geo-environmental endeavours. The laboratory estimation of permeability is an important adjunct to the field estimation of bulk permeability values, which involves a great deal of supplementary in situ investigations to correctly interpret field data. Laboratory permeability estimation is also a viable method if core samples are recovered from in situ geological mapping of the region under study. The basic methodologies for permeability estimation rely on either steady-state or transient tests of the geologic material depending on the anticipated permeability value. This paper presents a steady flow test conducted on a partially drilled cavity located on the axis of a cylindrical specimen. Certain compact theoretical relationships are proposed for the estimation of steady flow from a cavity of finite dimensions located along the axis of a cylindrical specimen. The relationships are used to estimate the permeability of a cylinder of Lac du Bonnet granite obtained from the western flank of the Canadian Shield. The results from the cavity flow permeability experiments are compared with other estimates for the permeability of granitic rocks reported in the literature.
Comparison of In-Hospital Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel in the Emergency Department: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Po-Yao , Shih Hong-Mo , Huang Szu-Wei , Pan Yan-Cheng , Huang Fen-Wei , Chen Wei-Kung , Yu Shao-Hua
Published: August 2023

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a standard treatment option for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The difference between the efficacy of ticagrelor and clopidogrel in the emergency department (ED) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. The present study compared the in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) rates between patients with AMI treated with clopidogrel and those treated with ticagrelor in the ED before PCI. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of patients diagnosed as having AMI in the ED. Patients were only included if they had successfully received complete DAPT with aspirin and ticagrelor/clopidogrel in the ED and had undergone PCI. The patients were divided into two groups according to their DAPT regimen. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital MACEs. The secondary outcomes included an unexpected return to the ED within 72 h, readmission within 14 d, and revascularization. Results: A total of 1836 patients were enrolled. Patients in the ticagrelor group had a lower in-hospital MACE rate (3.01% versus 7.51%, p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality rate (2.15% versus 5.70%, p < 0.001) than those in the clopidogrel group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed ticagrelor was independently associated with a lower risk of in-hospital MACEs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32–0.88, p = 0.013). After propensity score matching, the risk of in-hospital MACEs remained significantly lower in the ticagrelor group (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.21–0.85, p = 0.016). Conclusion: DAPT with ticagrelor and aspirin in the ED before PCI is associated with a lower in-hospital MACE rate among patients with AMI.
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome in a Home-Dwelling Elderly Female with Lumbar Compression Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Popović Milka B. , Medić Deana D. , Velicki Radmila S. , Jovanović Galović Aleksandra I.
Published: August 2023

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an uncommon, but usually benign, underrecognized clinical condition with the distressing presentation of purple, blue or reddish discoloration of a patient’s catheter bag and tubing in the setting of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). PUBS is the result of the complex metabolic pathway of the dietary essential amino acid tryptophan. Its urinary metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is converted into red and blue byproducts (indirubin and indigo) in the presence of the bacterial enzymes indoxyl sulfatase and phosphatase. The typical predisposing factors are numerous and include the following: female gender, advanced age, long-term catheterization and immobilization, constipation, institutionalization, dementia, increased dietary intake of tryptophan, chronic kidney disease, alkaline urine, and spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we present a case of PUBS in a home-dwelling elderly female patient with a history of long-term immobility after a pathological spinal fracture, long-term catheterization, constipation, and malignant disease in remission. Urine culture was positive for Proteus mirabilis. This state can be alarming to both patients and physicians, even if the patient is asymptomatic. Healthcare professionals and caregivers need to be aware of this unusual syndrome as an indicator of bacteriuria in order to initiate proper diagnostics and treatment.
Digitalization in Urology—A Multimethod Study of the Relationships between Physicians’ Technostress, Burnout, Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Bail Clara , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie
Published: August 2023

The potential influences of digitization on the mental health of personnel in the healthcare sector are increasingly coming into the scientific focus in the healthcare sector, especially in terms of the use of information and communication technologies. To date, there have been no German studies of the effects of technostress in healthcare. This cross-sectional study examined the relationships between technostress, burnout, work engagement, and job satisfaction among physicians in the field of urology. Data were collected via an online survey based on the job demands–resources model and the concept of technostress. The survey was sent to German urologists working in inpatient clinics. The participating physicians experienced moderate levels of technostress (M = 2.67, SD = 0.69). The results, based on a general linear model analysis, showed that technostress is significantly positively associated with burnout (β = 0.293; p < 0.001) and negatively associated with work engagement (β = −0.175; p < 0.001) and job satisfaction (β = −0.206; p < 0.001). This study also identified stress and strain factors associated with the use of ICT and assessed institutional support offers as coping mechanisms. The results of this study and its formulated practical implications can serve as a basis for discussing sustainable digitalization strategies in hospitals, taking into consideration technostress and its impact on physicians’ burnout, work engagement and job satisfaction.
Towards a Secure Technology-Driven Architecture for Smart Health Insurance Systems: An Empirical Study
Authors: Al-Quayed Fatima , Humayun Mamoona , Tahir Sidra
Published: August 2023

Health insurance has become a crucial component of people’s lives as the occurrence of health problems rises. Unaffordable healthcare problems for individuals with little income might be a problem. In the case of a medical emergency, health insurance assists individuals in affording the costs of healthcare services and protects them financially against the possibility of debt. Security, privacy, and fraud risks may impact the numerous benefits of health insurance. In recent years, health insurance fraud has been a contentious topic due to the substantial losses it causes for individuals, commercial enterprises, and governments. Therefore, there is a need to develop mechanisms for identifying health insurance fraud incidents. Furthermore, a large quantity of highly sensitive electronic health insurance data are generated on a daily basis, which attracts fraudulent users. Motivated by these facts, we propose a smart healthcare insurance framework for fraud detection and prevention (SHINFDP) that leverages the capabilities of cutting-edge technologies including blockchain, 5G, cloud, and machine learning (ML) to enhance the health insurance process. The proposed framework is evaluated using mathematical modeling and an industrial focus group. In addition, a case study was demonstrated to illustrate the SHINFDP’s applicability in enhancing the security and effectiveness of health insurance. The findings indicate that the SHINFDP aids in the detection of healthcare fraud at early stages. Furthermore, the results of the focus group show that SHINFDP is adaptable and simple to comprehend. The case study further strengthens the findings and also describes the implications of the proposed solution in a real setting.
Chitosan Coatings with Essential Oils against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. in Annona muricata L. Fruits
Authors: Morales-Chávez Francisco , Núñez-Colín Carlos , Mariscal-Amaro Luis , Morales-Vargas Adán , Alia-Tejacal Iran , Rodea-Montero Edel Rafael , Grijalva-Verdugo Claudia , Veloz-García Rafael , Rodríguez-Núñez Jesús Rubén
Published: August 2023

Anthracnose, which is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. (C. gloeosporioides), is the main disease that affects soursop fruits and causes accelerated deterioration due to the rotting process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan-based coatings with essential oils on the physiological, antifungal, and shelf-life properties of soursop. Chitosan-based coatings were combined with essential oils of cinnamon and thyme and applied to soursop. The parameters evaluated were respiration and ethylene by gas chromatography, shelf life, weight loss, total soluble solids, color, maturity index, and titratable acidity. The chitosan obtained had a molecular weight of 169 kDa and an 83% degree of deacetylation; respiration and ethylene values showed significant reductions of 47 and 50% with coatings. Weight loss was reduced by up to 50%, even on inoculated fruits, and shelf life increased by two days. Chitosan-based coatings with essential oils are an appropriate alternative to improve the quality of soursop and decrease the effect of C. gloeosporioides.
Enhancing Flood Prediction Accuracy through Integration of Meteorological Parameters in River Flow Observations: A Case Study Ottawa River
Authors: Letessier Clara , Cardi Jean , Dussel Antony , Ebtehaj Isa , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: August 2023

Given that the primary cause of flooding in Ontario, Canada, is attributed to spring floods, it is crucial to incorporate temperature as an input variable in flood prediction models with machine learning algorithms. This inclusion enables a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics involved, particularly the impact of heatwaves on snowmelt, allowing for more accurate flood prediction. This paper presents a novel machine learning approach called the Adaptive Structure of the Group Method of Data Handling (ASGMDH) for predicting daily river flow rates, incorporating measured discharge from the previous day as a historical record summarizing watershed characteristics, along with real-time data on air temperature and precipitation. To propose a comprehensive machine learning model, four different scenarios with various input combinations were examined. The simplest model with three parameters (maximum temperature, precipitation, historical daily river flow discharge) achieves high accuracy, with an R2 value of 0.985 during training and 0.992 during testing, demonstrating its reliability and potential for practical application. The developed ASGMDH model demonstrates high accuracy for the study area, with a significant number of samples having a relative error of less than 15%. The final ASGMDH-based model has only a second-order polynomial (AICc = 19,648.71), while it is seven for the classical GMDH-based model (AICc = 19,701.56). The sensitivity analysis reveals that maximum temperature significantly impacts the prediction of daily river flow discharge.
Drought Severity and Trends in a Mediterranean Oak Forest
Authors: Stefanidis Stefanos , Rossiou Dimitra , Proutsos Nikolaos
Published: August 2023

Drought is a significant natural hazard with widespread socioeconomic and environmental impacts. This study investigated the long-term drought characteristics in a Mediterranean oak forest ecosystem using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at various time scales and seasons. The analysis was based on a long-term time series dataset obtained from a meteorological station located at the University Forest of Taxiarchis in Greece. The dataset encompassed a substantial time span of 47 years of continuous monitoring, from 1974 to 2020. To accomplish the goals of the current research, the SPEI was calculated for 3, 6, 12, and 24-month periods, and drought events were identified. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) test was used to analyze the trends in drought severity and evaluate the trends significance. The results showed that shorter time scales (SPEI3 and SPEI6) were more efficient for identifying short-term droughts, while longer time scales (SPEI12 and SPEI24) were better for identifying less frequent but longer-lasting drought episodes. The analysis consistently revealed positive trends across all seasons and time scales, indicating an overall transition towards wetter conditions. Nearly all the data series for SPEI12 and SPEI24 exhibited statistically significant upward trends (wetter conditions) at a 95% confidence level. However, more intense events were detected during the recent decade using the seasonal analysis. Additionally, as the time scale expanded, the magnitude of these trends increased. The findings contributed to a better understanding of drought dynamics in Mediterranean oak forests and provided valuable information for forest management and climate change adaptation planning.
Nature Photographs as Complementary Care in Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Catissi Giulia , de Oliveira Leticia Bernardes , da Silva Victor Elivane , Savieto Roberta Maria , Borba Gustavo Benvenutti , Hingst-Zaher Erika , Lima Luciano Moreira , Bomfim Sabrina Bortolossi , Leão Eliseth Ribeiro
Published: August 2023

The incidence of cancer cases is increasing worldwide, and chemotherapy is often necessary as part of the treatment for many of these cases. Nature-based interventions have been shown to offer potential benefits for human well-being. Objective: This study aims to investigate the outcome of nature images on clinical symptom management related to chemotherapy. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in an outpatient cancer unit of a private hospital in Brazil, with 173 participants over the age of 18 who were undergoing chemotherapy and had signed an informed consent form. The intervention consisted of the presentation of a 12-min video featuring nature images categorized under the themes of Tranquility, Beauty, Emotions Up, or Miscellany. Images were sourced from the e-Nature Positive Emotions Photography Database (e-NatPOEM), a publicly available collection of affectively rated images. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as the participants’ connection to nature, were investigated. The Positive Affect/Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) were applied pre- and post-intervention. Results: Data showed very strong evidence of a reduction in negative affect for the intervention group (p < 0.001) and moderate evidence for the control group (p = 0.034). There was also a significant reduction in the intervention group for pain (p < 0.001), tiredness (p = 0.002), sadness (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and appetite (p = 0.001). The Beauty video had the best performance, while the Tranquility video showed no significant improvement in any of the symptoms evaluated. These findings suggest that images of nature may be a valuable tool to help control clinical and psychological symptoms in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.