bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of an 8-week yoga program on sustained attention and discrimination function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chou Chien-Chih , Huang Chung-Ju
Published: January 2017

This study investigated whether a yoga exercise intervention influenced the sustained attention and discrimination function in children with ADHD. Forty-nine participants (mean age = 10.50 years) were assigned to either a yoga exercise or a control group. Participants were given the Visual Pursuit Test and Determination Test prior to and after an eight-week exercise intervention (twice per week, 40 min per session) or a control intervention. Significant improvements in accuracy rate and reaction time of the two tests were observed over time in the exercise group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that alternative therapies such as yoga exercises can be complementary to behavioral interventions for children with attention and inhibition problems. Schools and parents of children with ADHD should consider alternatives for maximizing the opportunities that children with ADHD can engage in structured yoga  exercises.
MAVEN observations of the solar cycle 24 space weather conditions at Mars
Authors: Lee C. O. , Hara T. , Halekas J. S. , Thiemann E. , Chamberlin P. , Eparvier F. , Lillis R. J. , Larson D. E. , Dunn P. A. , Espley J. R. , Gruesbeck J. , Curry S. M. , Luhmann J. G. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: January 2017

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft has been continuously observing the variability of solar soft X‐rays and EUV irradiance, monitoring the upstream solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions and measuring the fluxes of solar energetic ions and electrons since its arrival to Mars. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the space weather events observed during the first ∼1.9 years of the science mission, which includes the description of the solar and heliospheric sources of the space weather activity. To illustrate the variety of upstream conditions observed, we characterize a subset of the event periods by describing the Sun‐to‐Mars details using observations from the MAVEN solar Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor, solar energetic particle (SEP) instrument, Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, and Magnetometer together with solar observations using near‐Earth assets and numerical solar wind simulation results from the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge‐Enlil model for some global context of the event periods. The subset of events includes an extensive period of intense SEP electron particle fluxes triggered by a series of solar flares and coronal mass ejection (CME) activity in December 2014, the impact by a succession of interplanetary CMEs and their associated SEPs in March 2015, and the passage of a strong corotating interaction region (CIR) and arrival of the CIR shock‐accelerated energetic particles in June 2015. However, in the context of the weaker heliospheric conditions observed throughout solar cycle 24, these events were moderate in comparison to the stronger storms observed previously at Mars.
Synthesis of 1‐Difluoroalkylated Isoquinolines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Radical Cascade Difluoroalkylation–Cyclization of Vinyl Isocyanides with Bromodifluoroacetic Derivatives
Authors: Liu Yingle , Zhang Ke , Jiang Weidong , Yang Yi , Jiang Yan , Liu Xiaoqiang , Xie Ying , Wu Jincai , Cai Junjie , Xu Xiu‐Hua
Published: January 2017

A general method was developed for the synthesis of 1‐difluoroalkyl isoquinolines via the palladium‐catalyzed radical cascade difluoroalkylation–cyclization of vinyl isocyanides with bromodifluoroacetic derivatives. The difluoroalkylated cyclization products were readily converted to various other valuable gem‐difluoro‐containing compounds.
Robust Stability and Stabilization Of TCP‐Networked Control Systems with Multiple Delay System Modeling
Authors: Azadegan Masoumeh , Beheshti Mohammad T. H.
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a new model for networked control systems (NCSs) under transmission control protocol (TCP) as a multiple‐delay system by considering both sensor to controller and controller to actuator delays. An analytical TCP model has been considered for the network part, and an active queue management (AQM) controller is designed to regulate the desired queue length, which ensures holding the network induced delay and its variation within their lower bounds. The model is assumed to possess structured uncertainties due to the stochastic nature of the network. Robust stability and stabilization conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by applying the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii stability criterion. Illustrative examples are presented and it has been shown that the proposed method will obtain less conservative results compared to the existing approaches in the literature.
Highly Active and Non‐corrosive Catalytic Systems for the Coupling Reactions of Ethylene Oxide and CO2
Authors: Zhang Shuyao , Jin So Jeong , Kim Young Jin , Hong Jongki , Lee Wonwoong , Ryu Jung‐Bok , Lee Je Seung , Kim Hoon Sik
Published: January 2017

Lithium halide‐based molten salts (LiX‐[BMIm]Br) synthesized from the reactions of lithium halides (LiX, X = Cl or Br) with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([BMIm]Br), and their catalytic performances and corrosivities were tested for the coupling reactions of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide to produce ethylene carbonate. The activity of a molten salt was influenced with the change of halide ion. At a fixed molar amount of LiX, the activity of LiX‐[BMIm]Br increased with increasing molar ratio of LiX/[BMIm]Br up to 1–1.25, and then decreased thereafter. Fast atom bombardment mass spectral analysis of LiBr‐[BMIm]Br, obtained by dissolving LiBr in [BMIm]Br in a 1:1 molar ratio, implies that [Li
a
X
a

+1]− are active species for the carboxylation of ethylene oxide with LiX‐[BMIm]Br. The corrosion test toward carbon steel coupons demonstrates that all the Cl‐containing molten salts are corrosive, whereas the salts without containing Cl− are non‐corrosive under the carboxylation condition.
Dorsal pallidal neurons directly link the nidopallium and midbrain in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Wild J. Martin
Published: January 2017

The dorsal pallidum in birds is considered similar, if not homologous, to the globus pallidus (GP) of mammals. The dorsal pallidum projects to both thalamic and midbrain targets similar to the direct and indirect pathways arising from the internal and external segments of the GP. In the present study, retrograde and anterograde tracing studies revealed a previously undescribed projection of the avian dorsal pallidum. This arises from a specific dorsomedial component, which terminates in the intercollicular nucleus and partly surrounds the avian equivalent of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The respiratory‐vocal dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex, however, does not receive these projections.

The somata of the pallidal neurons retrogradely labeled from injections in the intercollicular nucleus were large and generally multipolar and had extensive, sparsely branching central processes (presumptive dendrites) that together extended up to 2 mm dorsally into the intermediate and caudomedial nidopallium. The size and morphology of these neurons were similar to those of large pallidal neurons labeled by calretinin immunoreactivity, which could be co‐localized to the same cells. Thus, rather than being directly involved in the control of movement, the large dorsomedial neurons of the caudal dorsal pallidum may be involved in sensory processing, in that they provide an unusual direct link between sensory (auditory/somatosensory) regions of the nidopallium and sensory regions of the intercollicular nucleus of the midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1731–1742, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radical and Diradical Formation in Naphthalene Diimides through Simple Chemical Oxidation
Authors: Lee Sangsu , Miao Fang , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan , Kim Dongho
Published: January 2017

We successfully synthesized, for the first time, a naphthalene diimide (NDI) radical and diradical by simple chemical oxidation using lead(IV) dioxide. The formation of the (di)radical is confirmed by UV/Vis/NIR absorption, 1H NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. In particular, temperature‐dependent EPR, SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) measurements, and quantum calculations demonstrated that the generated NDI diradical has a singlet diradical character of y=0.69 in the ground state. Subsequent characterization of this (di)radical revealed its stabilities, large two‐photon absorption cross‐section, and short excited‐state lifetime.
mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of NKT‐cell development and function
Authors: Sklarz Tammarah , Guan Peng , Gohil Mercy , Cotton Renee M. , Ge Moyar Q. , Haczku Angela , Das Rupali , Jordan Martha S.
Published: January 2017

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity by rapidly secreting cytokines and lysing targets following TCR recognition of lipid antigens. Based on their ability to secrete IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐17A, iNKT‐cells are classified as NKT‐1, NKT‐2, and NKT‐17 subsets, respectively. The molecular pathways regulating iNKT‐cell fate are not fully defined. Recent studies implicate Rictor, a required component of mTORC2, in the development of select iNKT‐cell subsets, however these reports are conflicting. To resolve these questions, we used Rictorfl/fl CD4cre+ mice and found that Rictor is required for NKT‐17 cell development and normal iNKT‐cell cytolytic function. Conversely, Rictor is not absolutely required for IL‐4 and IFN‐γ production as peripheral iNKT‐cells make copious amounts of these cytokines. Overall iNKT‐cell numbers are dramatically reduced in the absence of Rictor. We provide data indicating Rictor regulates cell survival as well as proliferation of developing and mature iNKT‐cells. Thus, mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of iNKT‐cell development and function.
Facile Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Magnetic Properties of Perovskite BaTb1–xBixO3
Authors: Farid Muhammad Asim , Zhang Hao , Yang Aimei , Tian Gengfang , Wu Meimei , Li Guobao , Liao Fuhui , Lin Jianhua
Published: January 2017

A series of perovskite BaTb1–xBixO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) solid solutions were synthesized by a typical solid‐state method. Their structures were analyzed by a combination of X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and selected‐area electron diffraction. All of the materials crystalize in the P1 space group [a = 6.0582(1) Å, b = 6.0473(1) Å, c = 6.0693(1) Å, α = 60.00(1)°, β = 59.84(1)°, γ = 60.06(1)° for x = 0.0 at room temperature]. Magnetic measurements revealed that the magnetic‐ordering temperature decreases with increasing Bi content in BaTb1–xBixO3; therefore, the presence of Bi decreases the magnetic interactions of Tb. Furthermore, the magnetic structure for BaTb1–xBixO3 has been fully described in space group P1.
Effect of alkylglycerol‐rich oil and rosemary extract on oxidative stability and antioxidant properties of a cooked meat product
Authors: Martin Diana , Salas‐Perez Lilia , Villalva Marisol , Vázquez Luis , Garcia‐Risco Monica R. , Jaime Laura , Reglero Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Taking into account the bioactive and healthy properties of alkylglycerols (AKG) and the antioxidant rosemary extract (RE), the production of a cooked meat product with partial replacement of animal fat by AKG‐rich oil and inclusion of RE was performed. Six batches were manufactured: Control, control + RE (0.045%RE); low‐AKG (0.75%AKG‐oil), low‐AKG + RE (0.75%AKG‐oil + 0.045%RE); high‐AKG (4.3%AKG‐oil) and high‐AKG + RE (4.3%AKG‐oil + 0.045%RE). Fatty acid and lipid profile, changes on lipid oxidation (TBARS), antioxidant ability (TEAC), and carnosic acid were determined during refrigerated storage (0, 30, 60 days). A relevant replacement of animal fat by AKG‐rich oil was obtained (around 20% for the high‐AKG samples), together with healthier indexes of the fatty acid profile. A slight trend to worse lipid oxidation due to addition of AKG‐rich oil was measured, but being only significantly higher for the high‐AKG treatment in absence of RE. A significant better stability was measured due to inclusion of RE for all the treatments. Therefore, the oxidation of both low‐AKG + RE and high‐AKG + RE treatments were significantly comparable to the control batch. After storage, TBARS values increased for all the batches. Samples containing RE showed better TEAC values after the storage. In agreement, the amount of carnosic acid kept constant during the self‐life of the products.

Practical applications: Cooked meat products combining the bioactive ingredients AKG‐rich oil and RE might be produced, without compromising the oxidative stability and with potential healthier and functional interest due to AKG enrichment, healthier fatty acid indexes, and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the amount of one of the main bioactive compounds of RE, carnosic acid, would be preserved during the storage of the meat products, regardless of the addition of labile oils such as AKG‐rich oil.

Taking into account the bioactive and healthy properties of alkylglycerols (AKG) and the antioxidant rosemary extract (RE), the production of a cooked meat product with partial replacement of animal fat by AKG‐rich oil and inclusion of RE was performed. Meat products combining both bioactive ingredients might be produced, without compromising the oxidative stability and with potential healthier and functional interest.
Substrate selectivity and optimization of immobilized SMG1‐F278N lipase in synthesis of propylene glycol monooleate
Authors: Li Xingxing , Liu Pengzhan , Khan Faez Iqbal , Li Daoming , Yang Bo , Wang Yonghua
Published: January 2017

In the present study, the immobilized SMG1‐F278N lipase was employed for the esterification of 1,3‐propylene glycol with oleic acid. This was the first report of using mono‐ and diacylglycerol lipase for the production of propylene glycol monoesters (PGME). It was found that immobilized SMG1‐F278N preferred 1,3‐propylene glycol than 1,2‐propylene glycol. Molecular docking of 1,2‐propylene glycol and 1,3‐propylene glycol into SMG1‐F278N suggested that the 1,3‐propylene glycol preferentially binds to the active pocket of SMG1‐F278N as compared to 1,2‐propylene glycol. The maximum 1,3‐propylene glycol monooleate content of 70.67% was obtained under the reaction conditions of 1,3‐propylene glycol/oleic acid ratio of 5:1 (mol/mol), enzyme loading of 7.5% (w/w, with respect to total substrates), and water addition of 7% (w/w, with respect to total substrates) at 30°C. The present work offers insights into the selectivity of immobilized SMG1‐F278N towards 1,2‐propylene glycol and 1,3‐propylene glycol, and suggests the extended applications of immobilized SMG1‐F278N for industrial purpose.

Practical applications: To our knowledge, the production of PGME using mono‐ and diacylglycerol lipases was reported for the first time. This study could contribute to develop potential applications of immobilized SMG1‐F278N in industries.

1,2‐Propylene glycol/1,3‐propylene glycol docked into the catalytic pocket of SMG1‐F278N, esterification of 1,2‐propylene glycol/1,3‐propylene glycol with oleic acid catalyzed by immobilized SMG1‐278N and optimization of production of 1,3‐propylene glycol monooleate.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐N′‐tosyldiazenes from Primary Aromatic Amines Using (Tosylimino)aryliodinane: A Potent Stable Surrogate for Diazonium Salts
Authors: Ito Motoki , Tanaka Arisa , Higuchi Kazuhiro , Sugiyama Shigeo
Published: January 2017

A single‐step synthesis of N‐aryl‐N′‐tosyldiazenes from primary aromatic amines was developed. A wide range of aromatic amines provided the corresponding products in high yields by N–N bond formation with RhII–nitrene intermediates, which were generated in situ from dirhodium(II) complex catalysts and (tosylimino)‐2,4,6‐trimethylphenyliodinane, followed by oxidation. The synthesized N‐aryl‐N′‐tosyldiazenes were successfully demonstrated to serve as potent and stable surrogates for diazonium salts in the two‐step deaminative transformation of primary aromatic amines.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, and QSAR studies of some new 6‐substituted phenyl 3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3a,4,8,8a‐tetrahydro‐[1,3,2]dioxaborepino [5,6‐d]isoxazoles
Authors: Pir Meryem , Agirbas Hikmet , Budak Fatma , Sahin Onur
Published: January 2017

3‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐3a,4,8,8a‐tetrahydro‐[1,3,2]dioxaborepino[5,6‐d] isoxazoles were synthesized from the reaction of (3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazole‐4,5‐diyl)dimethanol with substituted phenylboronic acids. Crystal structure of 1‐(4‐(3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3a,4,8,8a‐tetrahydro‐[1,3,2]dioxaborepino[5,6‐d]isoxazol‐6‐yl)phenyl) ethanone was studied and the values of selected bond distances (Å), bond angles (°), and dihedral angles (°) were found in agreement with the calculated (DFT, B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)) values. Antimicrobial activity of these new compounds was also studied against a panel of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans. Most of the dioxaborepines exhibited fair activities against these microorganisms. The pMIC values of the compounds were first correlated with Hammett polar substituent constant (σ) together with lipophilic constant (π) and statistically significant 2D correlations were obtained. In addition, the pMIC values of the compounds were correlated with some theoretical descriptors and fair 2D‐QSAR models with clogP, SAA, and μ as independent variables were obtained.
Collateral fattening: When a deficit in lean body mass drives overeating
Authors: Dulloo Abdul G.
Published: January 2017

In his last review entitled “Some Adventures in Body Composition,” Gilbert Forbes reminded us that “lean body mass and body fat are in a sense companions.” To what extent the lean body mass (or fat‐free mass) component in this companionship impacts on energy intake is rarely a topic for discussion, amid a dominant adipocentric view of appetite control. Yet an analysis of the few human studies that have investigated the relationships between objectively measured food intake and body composition reveals a potentially important role for both an increase and a decrease in fat‐free mass in the drive to eat. These studies are highlighted here, together with the implications of their findings for research directed as much toward the elucidation of peripheral signals and energy‐sensing mechanisms that drive hunger and appetite, as toward understanding the mechanisms by which dieting and sedentariness predispose to fatness.
Feedback predictive control strategies for investment in the financial market with serially correlated returns subject to constraints and trading costs
Authors: Dombrovskii Vladimir , Obedko Tatiana
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we consider the optimal portfolio selection problem subject to hard constraints on trading amounts, trading costs, and different rates for borrowing and lending when the risky asset returns are serially correlated. We consider both explicit and implicit trading costs. No assumptions about the correlation structure between different time points or about the distribution of asset returns are needed. The problem is stated as a dynamic tracking problem of a reference portfolio with a desired return. We leverage the methodology of model predictive control (also known as receding horizon control) to design feedback portfolio optimization strategies and to provide a numerically tractable algorithm for practical applications. All expressions are presented in terms of first‐ and second‐order conditional moments. Our approach is tested on sets of real data from the Russian Stock Exchange Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.
The intrinsically disordered linker of E. coliSSB is critical for the release from single‐stranded DNA
Authors: Tan Hui Yin , Wilczek Luke A. , Pottinger Sasheen , Manosas Maria , Yu Cong , Nguyenduc Trong , Bianco Piero R.
Published: January 2017

The Escherichia coli single stranded DNA binding protein (SSB) is crucial for DNA replication, recombination and repair. Within each process, it has two seemingly disparate roles: it stabilizes single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediates generated during DNA processing and, forms complexes with a group of proteins known as the SSB‐interactome. Key to both roles is the C‐terminal, one‐third of the protein, in particular the intrinsically disordered linker (IDL). Previously, they have shown using a series of linker deletion mutants that the IDL links both ssDNA and target protein binding by mediating interactions with the oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide binding fold in the target. In this study, they examine the role of the linker region in SSB function in a variety of DNA metabolic processes in vitro. Using the same linker mutants, the results show that in addition to association reactions (either DNA or protein), the IDL is critical for the release of SSB from DNA. This release can be under conditions of ssDNA competition or active displacement by a DNA helicase or recombinase. Consistent with their previous work these results indicate that SSB linker mutants are defective for SSB–SSB interactions, and when the IDL is removed a terminal SSB–DNA complex results. Formation of this complex inhibits downstream processing of DNA by helicases such as RecG or PriA as well as recombination, mediated by RecA. A model, based on the evidence herein, is presented to explain how the IDL acts in SSB function.
Bivalent 14‐mer peptide ligands of CXCR4 with polyproline linkers with anti‐chemotactic activity against Jurkat cells
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Aoki Toru , Nomura Wataru , Tamamura Hirokazu
Published: January 2017

Interaction of CXCR4 with its endogenous ligand, stromal‐cell derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1)/CXCL12, induces various physiological functions involving chemotaxis. Bivalent ligands with a polyproline helix bearing a cyclic pentapeptide, FC131, were previously shown to have higher binding affinities for CXCR4 than the corresponding monovalent ligands. Bivalent ligands based on a 14‐mer peptide T140 derivative with polyproline linkers have been designed and synthesized. The activity of these peptides as well as the effect of bivalency of the ligand on CXCR4 binding has been assessed. The binding affinity of these series of bivalent ligands is increased as the linker length increases up to the 12‐/15‐mer proline linker. The inhibitory activity against chemotaxis on Jurkat cells also depends on the linker length. The T140‐derived bivalent ligands with the 9‐ and 12‐mer proline linkers showed the most effective inhibition against chemotaxis at 1000 nM, which is even higher than that of known CXCR4 antagonists in the monomer structure. The effective metastatic inhibition by bivalent T140 derivatives indicates the therapeutic potential. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between Zika virus and fetopathy: a prospective cohort study in French Guiana
Authors: Pomar L. , Malinger G. , Benoist G. , Carles G. , Ville Y. , Rousset D. , Hcini N. , Pomar C. , Jolivet A. , Lambert V.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To establish the incidence of fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (including microcephaly), signs of congenital infection and fetal loss in pregnant women infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) and non‐infected pregnant women in western French Guiana.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted between 1 January and 15 July 2016. We evaluated and compared clinical and fetal ultrasound examinations of 301 pregnant women with biological confirmation of ZIKV infection and 399 pregnant women who were negative for ZIKV infection.

Results

Overall, the total number of fetuses with CNS involvement was higher in the infected than in the control group (9.0% vs 4.3%; relative risk, 2.11 (95% CI, 1.18–4.13)). Anomalies of the corpus callosum and presence of cerebral hyperechogenicities were significantly more common in the infected group. There was an increased risk of microcephaly in the infected compared with the control group (1.7% vs 0.3%; relative risk, 6.63 (95% CI, 0.78–57.83)), although this was not statistically significant. When the mother was infected during the first or second trimester, there was a greater risk of severe CNS involvement, more signs of infection and intrauterine fetal death than with infection in the third trimester. The rate of vertical transmission in the exposed group was 10.9%.

Conclusion

ZIKV infection during pregnancy is associated with a significant risk of fetal CNS involvement and intrauterine fetal death, particularly when infection occurs during the first or second trimesters. Microcephaly was not present in every case of congenital ZIKV syndrome that we observed. Until more is known about this disease, it is paramount to evaluate suspected cases by detailed neurosonography on a monthly basis, paying particular attention to the corpus callosum and the presence of hyperechogenic foci. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Periconceptional maternal ‘high fish and olive oil, low meat’ dietary pattern is associated with increased embryonic growth: The Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict) Study
Authors: Parisi F. , Rousian M. , Huijgen N. A. , Koning A. H. J. , Willemsen S. P. , de Vries J. H. M. , Cetin I. , Steegers E. A. P. , Steegers‐Theunissen R. P. M.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To investigate the association between periconceptional maternal dietary pattern and first‐trimester embryonic growth.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study of 228 women with a singleton ongoing pregnancy, of which 135 were strictly dated spontaneous pregnancies and 93 were pregnancies achieved after in‐vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). All women underwent serial transvaginal three‐dimensional ultrasound (3D‐US) examinations from 6 + 0 to 13 + 0 weeks' gestation. Crown–rump length (CRL) and embryonic volume (EV) measurements were performed using a virtual reality system. Information on periconceptional maternal dietary intake was collected via food frequency questionnaires. Principal component analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns. Associations between dietary patterns and CRL and EV trajectories were investigated using linear mixed models adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

A median of five (range, one to seven) 3D‐US scans per pregnancy were performed. Of 1162 datasets, quality was sufficient to perform CRL measurements in 991 (85.3%) and EV measurements in 899 (77.4%). A dietary pattern comprising high intake of fish and olive oil and a very low intake of meat was identified as beneficial for embryonic growth. In strictly dated spontaneous pregnancies, strong adherence to the ‘high fish and olive oil, low meat’ dietary pattern was associated with a 1.9 mm (95% CI, 0.1–3.63 mm) increase in CRL (+14.6%) at 7 weeks and a 3.4 mm (95% CI, 0.2–7.81 mm) increase (+6.9%) at 11 weeks, whereas EV increased by 0.06 cm3 (95% CI, 0.01–0.13 cm3) (+20.4%) at 7 weeks and 1.43 cm3 (95% CI, 0.99–1.87 cm3) (+14.4%) at 11 weeks. No significant association was observed in the total study population or in the IVF/ICSI subgroup.

Conclusion

Periconceptional maternal adherence to a high fish and olive oil, low meat dietary pattern is positively associated with embryonic growth in spontaneously conceived pregnancies. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Insights into nuclear dynamics using live‐cell imaging approaches
Authors: Bigley Rachel B. , Payumo Alexander Y. , Alexander Jeffrey M. , Huang Guo N.
Published: January 2017

The nucleus contains the genetic blueprint of the cell and myriad interactions within this subcellular structure are required for gene regulation. In the current scientific era, characterization of these gene regulatory networks through biochemical techniques coupled with systems‐wide ‘omic’ approaches has become commonplace. However, these strategies are limited because they represent a mere snapshot of the cellular state. To obtain a holistic understanding of nuclear dynamics, relevant molecules must be studied in their native contexts in living systems. Live‐cell imaging approaches are capable of providing quantitative assessment of the dynamics of gene regulatory interactions within the nucleus. We survey recent insights into what live‐cell imaging approaches have provided the field of nuclear dynamics. In this review, we focus on interactions of DNA with other DNA loci, proteins, RNA, and the nuclear envelope. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1372. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1372

This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
On quantum entanglement, counterfactuals, causality and dispositions
Authors: Bigaj Tomasz
Published: January 2017

The existence of non-local correlations between outcomes of measurements in quantum entangled systems strongly suggests that we are dealing with some form of causation here. An assessment of this conjecture in the context of the collapse interpretation of quantum mechanics is the primary goal of this paper. Following the counterfactual approach to causation, I argue that the details of the underlying causal mechanism which could explain the non-local correlations in entangled states strongly depend on the adopted semantics for counterfactuals. Several relativistically-invariant interpretations of spatiotemporal counterfactual conditionals are discussed, and the corresponding causal stories describing interactions between parts of an entangled system are evaluated. It is observed that the most controversial feature of the postulated causal connections is not so much their non-local character as a peculiar type of circularity that affects them.
Flow around an oscillating circular disk at low to moderate Reynolds numbers
Authors: Tian Xinliang , Xiao Longfei , Zhang Xiangdong , Yang Jianmin , Tao Longbin , Yang Dan
Published: January 2017

Direct numerical simulations of the flow induced by a circular disk oscillating sinusoidally along its axis are performed. The aspect ratio ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}=\text{diameter}/\text{thickness}$) of the disk is 10. The Reynolds number ($\mathit{Re}$), based on the maximum speed and the diameter of the disk, is in the range of $50\leqslant \mathit{Re}\leqslant 800$. The Keulegan–Carpenter number ($KC$) is in the range of $1\leqslant KC\leqslant 24$. Five flow regimes are observed in the considered $\mathit{Re}$–$KC$ space: (I) axisymmetric flow (AS), (II) planar symmetric flow in the low-$KC$ region (PSL), (III) azimuthally rotating flow in the low-$KC$ region (ARL), (IV) planar symmetric flow in the high-$KC$ region (PSH) and (V) azimuthally rotating flow in the high-$KC$ region (ARH). The critical boundaries between different flow regimes are identified based on the evolutions of the magnitude and direction of transverse force acting on the disk. For the non-axisymmetric flow regimes, the flow is one-sided with respect to the axis of the disk and is associated with a non-zero mean value of the transverse force acting on the disk.
Fracture Analysis on a Cylindrical Composite Containing a Sliding Interface: An Interesting Phenomenon of Oscillatory Interfacial Normal Stress and its Implications
Authors: Wei H. X. , Xiong T. , Li Y. D. , Guan Y.
Published: January 2017

Fracture analysis is performed on a cylindrical composite consisting of an outer elastic layer, an inner rigid cylinder and an intermediate sliding interface. Interaction between the sliding interface and a parallel crack under in-plane shear is explored. An interesting phenomenon of oscillatory normal stress occurs on the local interfacial region near to the crack. It leads to local sliding-prevention and promotion effects, which constitute the mechanisms for the variations of stress intensity factors versus interfacial parameters. In addition, another interesting conclusion is that a crack near and parallel to a sliding interface never has the conventional anti-symmetry, even under pure in-plane shear loading.
A New Solution to Főppl-Hencky Membrane Equation
Authors: Yang Z. X. , Sun J. Y. , Ran G. M. , He X. T.
Published: January 2017

In this note, Föppl-Hencky membrane equation in the case of axisymmetric deformation was derived, and its power series solution was presented by using the displacement-based solution method. The result shows that both the displacement-based solution method and the stress-based solution method are effective for the solution to Föppl-Hencky equation. But in comparison with the latter, the former makes the solving process some more concise. In addition, some issues concerned were also discussed.
A metaheuristic technique for energy-efficiency in job-shop scheduling
Authors: Escamilla Joan , Salido Miguel A. , Giret Adriana , Barber Federico
Published: January 2017

Many real life problems can be modeled as a scheduling problem. The main objective of these problems is to obtain optimal solutions in terms of processing time, cost and quality. Nowadays, energy-efficiency is also taken into consideration. However, these problems are NP-hard, so many search techniques are not able to obtain a solution in a reasonable time. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve an extended version of the classical job-shop scheduling problem. In the extended version, each operation has to be executed by one machine and this machine can work at different speed rates. The machines consume different amounts of energy to process tasks at different rates. The evaluation section shows that a powerful commercial tools for solving scheduling problems was not able to solve large instances in a reasonable time, meanwhile our genetic algorithm was able to solve all instances with a good solution quality.
Remarks on Scientific Applications of Photography
Authors: Mach Ernst
Published: January 2017

It is undisputed that all scientific knowledge proceeds from sense perception. And the way in which sense perception is fostered by the graphic arts generally, and in particular by photography (stereoscopy included), likewise needs no further explanation here.
On the Theory of the Sphygmograph
Authors: Mach Ernst
Published: January 2017

Many debates have already taken place on the reliability of the results obtained by means of sphygmographs. The following remarks may contribute to clarify some still unsettled points.
PRICING VULNERABLE EUROPEAN OPTIONS WITH STOCHASTIC CORRELATION
Authors: Wang Xingchun
Published: January 2017

In this paper, we present a new pricing model for vulnerable options, with time-varying variances for each asset described by Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity processes and correlated with the return of the asset. By connecting the underlying asset and the counterparty's assets through the market factor channel, the proposed model also captures stochastic correlation between the underlying asset return and the return of the counterparty's assets. The correlation depends on the levels of the variances of both assets and the market index as well. In the proposed framework, the closed-form solution for vulnerable options is derived and numerical results are presented to investigate the impact of counterparty default risk.
Diversity of algae and lichens in biological soil crusts of Ardley and King George islands, Antarctica
Authors: Borchhardt Nadine , Schiefelbein Ulf , Abarca Nelida , Boy Jens , Mikhailyuk Tatiana , Sipman Harrie J.M. , Karsten Ulf
Published: January 2017

In the present study the biodiversity of the most abundant phototrophic organisms forming biological soil crust communities were determined, which included green algae, diatoms, yellow-green algae and lichens in samples collected on Ardley and King George islands, Maritime Antarctic. The species were identified by their morphology using light microscopy, and for lichen identification thin layer chromatography as also used to separate specific secondary metabolites. Several sources of information were summarized in an algae catalogue. The results revealed a high species-richness in Antarctic soil crust communities with 127 species in total. Of which, 106 taxa belonged to algae (41 Chlorophyta, nine Streptophyta, 56 Heterokontophyta) and 21 to lichens in 13 genera. Moreover, soil crust communities with different species compositions were determined for the various sampling locations, which might reflect microclimatic and pedological gradients.
Flexible dynamic information flow control in the presence of exceptions
Authors: STEFAN DEIAN , MAZIÈRES DAVID , MITCHELL JOHN C. , RUSSO ALEJANDRO
Published: January 2017

We describe a language-based, dynamic information flow control (IFC) system called LIO. Our system presents a new design point for IFC, influenced by the challenge of implementing IFC as a Haskell library, as opposed to the more typical approach of modifying the language runtime system. In particular, we take a coarse-grained, floating-label approach, previously used by IFC Operating Systems, and associate a single, mutable label—thecurrent label—with all the data in a computation's context. This label is always raised to reflect the reading of sensitive information and it is used to restrict the underlying computation's effects. To preserve the flexibility of fine-grained systems, LIO also provides programmers with a means for associating an explicit label with a piece of data. Interestingly, these labeled values can be used to encapsulate the results of sensitive computations which would otherwise lead to the creeping of the current label. Unlike other language-based systems, LIO also bounds the current label with acurrent clearance, providing a form of discretionary access control that LIO programs can use to deal with covert channels. Moreover, LIO provides programmers with mutable references and exceptions. The latter, exceptions, are used in LIO to encode and recover from monitor failures, all while preserving data confidentiality and integrity—this addresses a longstanding concern that dynamic IFC is inherently prone to information leakage due to monitor failure.
Rapidly progressive mitral valve stenosis in patients with acromelic dysplasia
Authors: Rama Gabriel , Chung Wendy K. , Cunniff Christopher M. , Krishnan Usha
Published: January 2017

Acromelic dysplasias are a group of skeletal dysplasias characterised by short-limbed short stature with other distinctive phenotypic features including small hands and feet and stiff joints. Geleophysic dysplasia is an acromelic dysplasia that is associated with characteristic facial features, progressive cardiac valvular thickening, and tracheal stenosis. Owing to overlapping clinical features with other types of short-limbed skeletal dysplasias, it is important to make a precise diagnosis as they have different cardiac morbidity and mortality. We present the cases of three patients with geleophysic dysplasia and progressive mitral valve disease to emphasise the natural history of this disorder and provide guidance regarding cardiac health supervision in these individuals.
At what age should tetralogy of Fallot be corrected?
Authors: Hoffman Julien I. E.
Published: January 2017

Tetralogy of Fallot can be corrected with very low mortality at any age, even in neonates, but this does not necessarily mean that it should be corrected in the neonatal period. Although there are many advantages to early correction, a high proportion of these neonates have residual stenosis or pulmonary regurgitation that impairs ventricular function and may require further surgery or implantation of a pulmonary valve. Before we had the ability to correct this anomaly with low mortality in small children, a variety of palliative procedures had to be performed. Today, with better understanding of the anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot, we should consider what forms of palliation will increase growth of the right ventricular outflow tract in order to reduce the complications of very early surgery.
Main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio is low in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot and ductus arteriosus-dependent pulmonary circulation
Authors: Ebishima Hironori , Kurosaki Kenichi , Yoshimatsu Jun , Shiraishi Isao
Published: January 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to determine fetal echocardiographic features of tetralogy of Fallot in association with postnatal outcomes.

Methods

The Z-scores of the main and bilateral pulmonary arteries and the aorta were measured, and the following variables were calculated in 13 fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot: pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio and main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio – the main pulmonary artery diameter squared divided by the sum of the diameter squared of the left and right pulmonary arteries. Fetuses were classified as having ductus arteriosus-dependent or ductus arteriosus-independent pulmonary circulation.

Results

We included two infants with pulmonary atresia and six infants with ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation, who underwent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt surgeries at ⩽1 month of age. The Z-scores of the main pulmonary artery and the pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio in fetuses with ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation were lesser than those in fetuses with ductus independence, but not significantly. The main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio in fetuses with ductus dependence was significantly lesser (0.65±0.44 versus 1.56±0.48, p<0.005). Besides, the flow of the ductus arteriosus was directed from the aorta to the pulmonary artery in the ductus arteriosus-dependent group during the fetal period.

Conclusions

The main pulmonary artery cross-section ratio was the most significant variable for predicting postnatal outcomes in fetuses with tetralogy of Fallot.
Cardiac haemangioma associated with a duct-dependent congenital heart disease in a newborn infant
Authors: Djordjevic Stefan A. , Glumac Sofija , Kalanj Jasna
Published: January 2017

Cardiac haemangiomas are exceedingly rare; however, they can cause significant haemodynamic impairment and disturbances in heart rhythm. Rarely, cardiac tumours may also coexist with congenital heart lesions. We present an extremely unusual case of a cardiac haemangioma in the setting of complex transposition of the great arteries that caused functional tricuspid atresia. To our knowledge, this is the first such case described in the literature.
‘The Pillars of State:’ Some Notes on the Qarachu Begs and the Kešikten in the Īl-Khānate (1256-1335)
Authors: HOPE MICHAEL
Published: January 2017

By the beginning of the fourteenth century the court histories of the Īl-Khānate had begun to lament that ‘qarachu’ (non-royal) commanders dominated the realm. The same histories report that these qarachu were drawn from the families of the khans’ royal guardsmen (kešik). The fact that these kešik families had come to eclipse, and in some cases threaten, the power of their Chinggisid patrons suggests a much broader transformation of the Īl-Khān polity from the patrimonial government of the khan's household, which characterised the early Mongol Empire, to a quasi-feudal state, dominated by a powerful military aristocracy. The present study will elucidate how this new aristocracy supported their authority through the hereditary transmission of armies, property and, offices, which entrenched their position at the summit of Īl-Khān polity.
LOCALLY ANALYTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF VIA SEMISTABLE MODELS OF
Authors: Patel Deepam , Schmidt Tobias , Strauch Matthias
Published: January 2017

In this paper we study certain sheaves of $p$-adically complete rings of differential operators on semistable models of the projective line over the ring of integers in a finite extension $L$ of $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$. The global sections of these sheaves can be identified with (central reductions of) analytic distribution algebras of wide open congruence subgroups. It is shown that the global sections functor furnishes an equivalence between the categories of coherent module sheaves and finitely presented modules over the distribution algebras. Using the work of M. Emerton, we then describe admissible representations of $\text{GL}_{2}(L)$ in terms of sheaves on the projective limit of these formal schemes. As an application, we show that representations coming from certain equivariant line bundles on Drinfeld’s first étale covering of the $p$-adic upper half plane are admissible.
Brief assessment of delirium subtypes: Psychometric evaluation of the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale (DMSS)–4 in the intensive care setting
Authors: Boettger Soenke , Nuñez David Garcia , Meyer Rafael , Richter Andre , Schubert Maria , Meagher David , Jenewein Josef
Published: January 2017

Objective:

The management of and prognosis for delirium are affected by its subtype: hypoactive, hyperactive, mixed, and none. The DMSS–4, an abbreviated version of the Delirium Motor Symptom Scale, is a brief instrument for the assessment of delirium subtypes. However, it has not yet been evaluated in an intensive care setting.

Method:

We performed a prospective/descriptive cohort study in order to determine the internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the relevant items of the DMSS–4 versus the Delirium Rating Scale–Revised-98 (DRS–R-98) and the original DMSS in a surgical intensive care setting.

Results:

A total of 289 elderly, predominantly male patients were screened for delirium, and 122 were included in our sample. The internal consistency of the DMSS–4 items was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.92), and between the DMSS–4 and DRS–R-98 the overall concurrent validity was substantial (Cramer's V = 0.67). Within individual motor subtypes, concurrent validity remained at least substantial (Cohen's κ = 0.65–0.81) and sensitivity high (69.8 to 82.2%), in contrast to those of the no-motor subtype, with less validity and sensitivity (κ = 0.28, 22%). Similarly, total concurrent validity between the DMSS–4 and the original DMSS reached perfection (Cramer's V = 0.83), as did agreement between the subtypes (κ = 0.83–0.92), while sensitivity remained high (88.2–100%). Only in those with delirium with no-motor subtype was agreement moderate (κ = 0.56) and sensitivity lower (67%). Specificity was high across all subtypes (91.2–99.1%). The DMSS–4 yielded very sensitive ratings, particularly for hypoactive and hyperactive motor symptoms, and interrater agreement was excellent (Fleiss's κ = 0.83).

Significance of Results:

We found the DMSS–4 to be a most reliable and valid brief assessment of delirium in characterizing the subtypes of delirium in an intensive care setting, with increased sensitivity to hypoactive and hyperactive motor alterations.
UNIFORM DEFINABILITY IN PROPOSITIONAL DEPENDENCE LOGIC
Authors: YANG FAN
Published: January 2017

Both propositional dependence logic and inquisitive logic are expressively complete. As a consequence, every formula in the language of inquisitive logic with intuitionistic disjunction or intuitionistic implication can be translated equivalently into a formula in the language of propositional dependence logic without these two connectives. We show that although such a (noncompositional) translation exists, neither intuitionistic disjunction nor intuitionistic implication is uniformly definable in propositional dependence logic.