bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Información académica y pandemia
Authors:   Academia Nacional de Medicina. Venezuela, RANGEL-ALDAO Rafael
Published: January 2022

La pandemia transformó la industria editorial y la cooperación científica que produjo en meses, vacunas seguras y eficaces contra la COVID-19. ¿Para qué sirvió todo esto? La medición de la audiencia reveló una cobertura mundial; y Venezuela accedió a ciertas vacunas COVAX, pero no hay un plan nacional de vacunación; y el subregistro de datos sigue vigente. A escala global se lograron vacunas y antivirales, y estaremos mejor aún con una mayor cooperación que reduzca la desigualdad social del mundo.
DEVELOPING ENGLISH AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COMPETENCIES THROUGH ELEMENTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE
Authors: Skarbaliene Aida , Barkauskiene Rita
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to present projects, lessons and other activities focused on rising students’ interest in natural science and carried out in informal education, English and IT lessons at Silute Martynas Jankus basic school. Students may learn in a wide variety of settings that is alternative to traditional classroom and this awakes their curiosity, desire to learn or know about their environment. The activities presented in this article, let us to develop not only science, but English and IT skills as well. The chosen themes for activities are actual nowadays, so we think, children should start from their close environmental research such as nature, cultural and historical heritage. The students observe, analyse, share their opinion on a particular issue, exchange ideas using innovative IT tools and developing English competencies such as speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Nordplus Junior project “Global Education” lasted for three years and we analysed issues about global warming and biodiversity. The result influenced us to involve more students in international projects and we participated in the project “Glimpses at our home place”. The students took photos of famous natural or historical buildings, shared info about them, created legends and e-book of them. At the moment we are working on the Nordplus Junior project “Divided by Nature, United by Sea”. We analyse legends about mythical water creatures in different cultures and try to find out how our societies tried to explain natural phenomena. A part of the work is travelling to other countries, visiting Nature and Science centres, fishery enterprises, forestry objects, parks. The students of primary classes work on projects “National Pet Month”, “Colours in Spring”online and describe their pets and blooming nature after winter. The students discussed about pollution and green energy, made experiments in English lessons “Acid Rain”, “Alternative Energy”, “Egg – symbol of Life”, studied electrical chain and solar system in IT lessons.
Integrating different subjects motivates students to cope with a challenge to work in a team, to overcome their fear to communicate in English, to use web 2.0 tools and reveal the main idea of discussing the theme. We use Natural Science as a tool in our lessons and projects to achieve goals of our subjects, to develop responsible and active citizens, broad minded youth tolerant to other cultures.
A list of words: natural science, environment, alternative, develop, natural phenomena, research, curiosity, energy, acid rain, solar system, reveal, observe.
Keywords: informal education, international projects, science education.
NATURE OBJECT COGNITION: IDEAS FOR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION AND IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė Rita
Published: January 2022

Two trips have encouraged to prepare this methodological article, having provided not only new knowledge but also contradictory ideas about the environments used for education. One trip was to British educational training and technology exhibition Bett-2019, the other – to Reggio Emilia, where everyone was introduced to the unique Loris Malaguzzi education method. Holding an opinion “unique is what is simple”, it was decided to use proper objects for education right here, in the kindergarten / primary school yard and to generate the ideas how to use them for education.
The research object is a pine-tree and a fir-tree as a teaching/learning device in the kindergarten and in the primary school: what, how and why.
The aims: 1) to look through the preschool age children achievement description (2014) and a standardised world cognition programme (2015) in order one could tell, what achievements the children could develop if they explored a pine-tree and a fir-tree, growing in the kindergarten / primary school yard; 2) to provide childhood teachers with the knowledge about the mentioned trees and to share the ideas, how one could use a pine tree and a fir tree for children education in childhood, what activities, what spheres or school subjects to integrate.
In the article, methodological advice is given illustrated with lots of pictures.
Key words: childhood pedagogy, tree cognition, outdoor education.
THE POTENTIAL USE OF THE ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK WHEN TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF MAN AND NATURE IN 5TH GRADE
Authors: Mikulevičiūtė Jūratė
Published: January 2022

The paper textbook or its set is one of the main tools for teaching and learning. As an alternative to paper textbooks, electronic textbooks for the subjects of Man and Nature, and Math for 5th grade came out in 2018. During the survey carried out by the TAMO group, the teachers of the Man and Nature subject have indicated that the main issue limiting the use of the electronic textbook is the school’s technological base. The textbook is expected to have the functionality, which would make the job of the teacher easier, complementing it with tools for teaching and the possibility for easier differentiation and customization.
The electronic textbook of the Man and Nature subject was developed on the basis of general education program, recommendations of the international assessment of student achievement research and other documentation. The textbook is focused on active self-study, is adapted to students of different achievement levels, and promotes critical thinking, creativeness, data analysis and interpretation, research activity skills. The content of the textbook subject is divided into separate fragments, which the teacher can construct while creating his/her own subject according to the situation of a specific class. The teacher can take the advantage of the set of differentiated tasks, by appointing the set of tasks to satisfactory, general or higher level students or by adapting the set to a specific student. The teacher receives the information about the achievements of the students by using the result analysis tools and by analysing the student’s profile, where the learning progress can be seen.
The most effective use of the textbook set can be reached if each student would have a personal computer or a laptop available or could learn using a mobile phone. However, the content of the textbook can be demonstrated with the help of a projector or an interactive board or a textbook and assign the tasks to be done at home using the “Flipped Classroom” method. This is done when the students analyse the content of the subject and carry out the tasks independently on their own devices, and then it is discussed and explained during the lesson.
Keywords: textbook, electronic textbook, technological base, differentiation, customization.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONAL COMPETITION AT SCIENCE LESSONS IN THE FIRST GRADE. “ELECTRICITY IS VERY IMPORTANT AND IT IS A VERY GOOD ASSISTANT IN A MAN’S LIFE”
Authors: Saviciene Danguole
Published: January 2022

The article is about the development of the personal competition of the first grade pupils during a science lesson theme “Electricity is very important and it is a very good assistant in a man’s life”. The students were asked to confirm or to deny sentence. Children accomplished two different tests. They follow safety requirements: they checked if the cord was unbroken, and they poked a power plug into a socket. On the basis of the practical work there was an educational film created (https://youtu.be/1kg7zrMYcU4). This film was shown to the classmates. Having learned from this film, other class students could accomplish the same tests. All the children liked it very much.
The goal of the test:
• To prove in practice that electricity is very important and it is a good assistant in the man’s life.
The raised hypothesis:
• Electrical items can do the same task better than a man, and to work with the electric items is much easier than with the manual devices.
Necessary devices for tests:
• For the first test we need: two eggs, two bowls, a whisk/manual eggbeater, an electric eggbeater, and a stopwatch.
• For the second test we need: beans of coffee, a manual coffee grinder, an electric coffee grinder, a stopwatch and two plates.
Results of the tests:
• It is obvious, that the egg, which was whipped with the electric eggbeater was fluffy and the hand was not tired.
• The coffee beans were grinded finer with the electric grinder. And other coffee beans which were grinded in a manual way were not so small. After the grinding the hand hurt.
Conclusions of the tests:
• The raised hypothesis was confirmed. The electrical devices accomplished the same tasks better than a man. To work with the electric devices is easier than with the manual ones.
Advices for those who want to accomplish the same tests:
• You can accomplish a test with the vacuum cleaner and the broom: “Dust cleaning”, or with the manual grinder and the electric grinder: “Who will crush the grains of buckwheat faster?”
Keywords: engaging in educational material, educational method, practical work, smartphones.
3-rd FORM STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS: A CASE OF INDEPENDENT WORK BY ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Makarskaitė Petkevičienė Rita , Čiužienė Leandra
Published: January 2022

In the spring of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic having started, and quarantine being introduced in the country, a transition was made to distance teaching/learning. Using online distance learning, a possibility naturally emerged for the primary school students to develop independence. And this is a very important competence part of learning how to learn. One of the most important independence criteria is - thoroughly completed work.
Research focus – 3-rd form students’ knowledge and skills working independently.
Aim – after analysing task activity worksheets, to assess students’ knowledge and skills, and to discuss students’ ability to work independently.
It was suggested for the students that they watch a film in You Tube about a common sparrow and a field sparrow. An activity worksheet was prepared, which was sent to the students by e-mail. For the preparation of the task, a day was allotted. Nineteen 3-rd form students took part in the research.
It was ascertained that some of the students lacked attentiveness searching for the similarities and differences of the analysed animals, patience carrying out the other tasks. Watching a film about a common sparrow and a field sparrow, the students acquired new knowledge about their biological peculiarities, living environment, behaviour. Answering the questions, the students already used new concepts. At the same time, they developed work with information recourses, research skills, improved comparing and confronting abilities.
Nevertheless, almost half of the students lacked thoroughness, showing their independence. It was still difficult for the students to formulate full answers, therefore they could not fully demonstrate their knowledge and understanding. Girls, carrying out the tasks, were more observant and attentive than boys.
Performing the tasks, students demonstrated reproductive and productive independence. Of course, you should not limit yourself in this, and in future you should more orient yourself to the development of creative independence.
Keywords: activity worksheet, distance teaching, independent work, primary school students.
THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING INTERACTIVE TOOLS IN SCIENCE LESSONS
Authors: Ponomariovienė Jovita
Published: January 2022

In the 21st century, the speed of technology, information and communication tools and economics obliges teachers to prepare the young generation to be able to adapt quickly to the rapidly changing living conditions. The rapid growth of various ICT tools in schools opens up ample opportunities for change in the educational process. Today ICT itself is not an innovation, but it provides new opportunities for education by developing and changing at a fast pace. Therefore, the use of ICT in education has the potential to become the key tool for implementing new pedagogical ideas, i.e. to become a pedagogical innovation or an innovative pedagogical process, which will help to achieve qualitatively new results in human learning and creativity development. Moreover, by using ICT, teachers can help students to acquire knowledge and understand the taught material as well as make lessons a lot more stimulating. The aims of analysis to show the employment and the usage of ICT tools in science lessons. Children can perform various tasks with iMO cubes, an interactive map, interactive T-shirts as well as Photon and Blue bot robots. The employment of interactive iMO cubes is a new and unique way to learn by creating a dynamic learning environment. The integration of movement in the educational process helps to create a more stimulating atmosphere which interests young learners even more. An interactive T-shirt is a tool which helps the 3rd-4th grade students to get acquainted with the structure of the human body, internal organs, blood circulation, digestive and urinary systems. An interactive T-shirt is scanned with the help of the tablet and the "Virtual tee" app. "Photon Robot" is an educational tool that helps teachers in various lessons, such as programming, maths and science. Blue-bot robots are already a prevailing learning tool in both kindergartens and schools. It is programmed manually or with the help of the Blue-Bot program. Robots are often used in science lessons, children programme robots and name pictures, they also choose the correct answer and create sequences. All these tools interest and motivate students as well as help them to review their knowledge.
Keywords: ICT tools, iMO cubes, interactive T-shirt, Photon Robot, Blue-Bot, interactive map.
GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AMONG 10TH GRADE STUDENTS
Authors: Samsonaitė Raimonda
Published: January 2022

In modern-day knowledge and deeper understanding has an exceptionally important role in forming a student’s erudition. In order for a student to achieve a proper level of education the tutoring must be systematically based on gathering knowledge in an academic environment. Unfortunately the students may sometimes forget or misinterpret the gathered information. Geography is no exception. During the learning process of said subject, it is often observed, that some students cannot properly understand the new material, because the current level of knowledge is insufficient. Thus it is critical to find out the level of students understanding at the present and pinpoint the missing gaps in previously gathered information.
The analysis of the survey showed a significant gap between the students of two classes. The students of grade II showed not only the better level of knowledge and understanding, but also were more motivated to learn, compared to grade I. By examining the result of the test regarding natural recourses, few questions revealed the flaws in geographical understanding. A meaningful amount of the students showed poor special understanding: were unable to name the leading countries regarding natural recourses extraction. The struggle to clearly reason the answer also became apparent: the lack of knowledge in the field of geographical theory and concepts is most noticeable. For both tested classes, the easiest questions were regarding the analysis of data, students successfully pointed out the classification of natural resources as well as the pros/cons of using fossil fuel.
Keywords: geography teaching, geographical understanding, learning process.
Artificial Intelligence : The Supermind - A Review
Authors: Ajankar Shruti Sunil , Nimodiya Aditi Rajesh
Published: January 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most important technologies in the world today. In the future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human capabilities in many areas. Artificial Intelligence is impacting the future of virtually every industry and every human being. AI has acted as the main driver of emerging technologies like big data, robotics, and IoT, and it will continue to act as a technological innovator for the foreseeable future. AI is simply the study of how to make computer do things which at the moment people do the better. There are many ways to define AI, but one simple definition is “intelligence demonstrated by machines”. Primary goal of AI is to improve computer behaviour so that it can be called intelligent. AI is ubiquitous and is not only limited to computer science but has evolved to include other areas like health, security, education, music, art, and business application. This paper gives an overview of how the AI actually works, its scopes , the different applications of AI, its advantages and disadvantages and many more topics which will give a clear understanding inspite of the boundlessness of AI.
Effectiveness of Hospital-Based Interventions by Occupational Therapy Practitioners on Reducing Readmissions: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses
Authors: Lockwood Kylee J. , Porter Judi
Published: January 2022

Importance: Readmission to the hospital can lead to poorer patient outcomes and increased health care costs. The effect of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates has not been previously evaluated.

Objective: To systematically examine the published literature to determine the effects of occupational therapy interventions for adult hospitalized patients on readmission rates.

Data Sources: Systematic search of five electronic databases was performed from database inception until May 2020, supplemented by citation and reference list searches.

Study Selection and Data Collection: This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered prospectively; methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted with clinically homogeneous data; the overall body of evidence was graded for quality.

Findings: Meta-analysis of 7 studies with 16,718 participants provided low-quality evidence that 1-mo readmission rates were reduced when adult patients hospitalized for general medical and surgical care received additional occupational therapy interventions compared with standard care. Subgroup analysis of 4 studies provided moderate-quality evidence that interventions focusing on the transition from hospital to the community were effective in reducing 1-mo readmissions to hospitals compared with standard care.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy interventions can be effective in reducing readmissions among some adult hospitalized patient populations, including those admitted for surgery or management of acute medical conditions, with stronger evidence to support transitional care interventions.

What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy interventions can be effective in reducing readmissions among adult hospitalized patients. There is a continued need for occupational therapy practitioners to understand their value and contribution to reducing avoidable readmissions to hospitals.
Relationship between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Lipid Lowering Agents and the Risk of Stroke: A meta-analysis of Observational studies (n=355,591) and Randomized Controlled Trials (n=165,988).
Authors: Banach Maciej , Shekoohi Niloofar , Mikhailidis Dimitri , Lip Gregory , Hernandez Adrian , Mazidi Mohsen
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The impact of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the risk of different types of strokes is unclear. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the impact of LDL-C levels (cohort studies) and lipid lowering drugs (LLAs, randomized controlled trials) on the different types of stroke.

Material and methods

PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to 1st December 2019.

Results

Participants at highest category of LDL-C had a lower risk for of hemorrhagic stroke (RR: 0.91, 95%CI 0.85-0.98, I2:0%) compared with the lowest category of LDL-C. Subjects with the highest category of LDL-C had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 1.11, 95%CI 1.07-1.14, I2:0%) compared to the lowest LDL-C category. LLAs decreased the risk of all types of strokes for those who achieved LDL-C<1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; RR=0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.96, absolute risk reduction [ARR]: 0.7 %, number needed to treat (NNT): 143, I2:53%, n=13). Statin therapy decreased the risk of all strokes (RR=0.88, 95% CI 0.80-0.97, ARR: 0.6 %, NNT: 167, I2:56%). With regard to ischemic stroke only, LLAs decreased the risk of ischemic stroke for those who achieved LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; RR=0.75, 95%CI:0.67-0.83, ARR: 1.3%, NNT: 77, I2:0%); the same was observed for statins (RR= 0.76, 95%CI:0.69-0.84, ARR: 1.3%, NNT: 77, I2:32%). TSA indicated that both benefit boundaries and optimal sample size was reached.

Conclusions

Our study sheds light on the debatable association between low LDL-C and different type of strokes. This information can help determine the optimal LDL-C range for stroke prevention, and help plan future LLAs studies.
Estimation of velocity field in chromosphere of active red giant PZ Mon
Authors: Пахомов Ю.В.
Published: January 2022

На основе анализа эмиссионных профилей сильных спектральных линий выполнена оценка поля скоростей на разныхглубинах хромосферы активного гиганта PZ Mon. Использованы профили линии H α , CaII: дублет 3933/3964 Å,триплет 8498/8542/8662 Å, и дублет NaI 5890/5896 Å, глубины образования которых значительно различаются.Величины скоростей составляют от 7 до 61 км·c −1 .

An analysis of the emission profiles of strong spectral lines was used to estimate the velocity field at different depths of thechromosphere of the active giant PZ Mon. We analyzed the H α , CaII lines: doublet 3933/3964 Å, triplet 8498/8542/8662 Å,and doublet NaI 5890/5896 Å, the depths of formation of which vary considerably. The values of the speeds are from 7 to61 km·s −1 .
Conservation Of Symphytum Officinale L. At Cmprh Garden, Emerald
Authors:   Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Indira Nagar, Emerald, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India., Vanitha A. , Kavinprashantha R. ,   Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Indira Nagar, Emerald, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India., Mugendhirana S. ,   Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Indira Nagar, Emerald, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India., Shashikanth J. ,   Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Indira Nagar, Emerald, The Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, India.
Published: January 2022

Symphytum L. commonly called as comfrey, belongs to the family Boraginaceae. The genus of Symphytum L. have a great medicinal value and used to treat a wide variety of ailments viz., bronchial problems, sprains, broken bones, arthritis, acne and skin conditions whereas pharmacological effects of comfrey extracts are endorsed to several chemical compounds. In view of above point, the present study of Survey, Collection and Documentation of Symphytum species, were carried out in different places of India. The rhizomes of Symphytum species were collected from Mynala village of Nilgiris, subsequent survey were carried out to IIIM Chatha Research Farm Jammu Tawi during 2017-2018 and it was grown at CMPRH garden, Emerald to confirm the identification of plants species. This specimen was collected and preserved herbarium at CMPRH garden Emerald for future reference. Among plants parts roots and leaves are mostly used for homeopathic system of medicine and this species were maintained and reproduces subsequent year by seed and root fragments. Root cuttings are the least expensive method of propagation. In addition to that Performance of Symphytum officinale at Nilgiris conditions were observed and the results revealed that Symphytum officinale L. is an erect, perennial herb with thick root stock. Leaves oblong-lanceolate and flowers are blue in colour. The data on length of root ranged from 10-20 cm with black to brown colour. Similarly, the length of lower, middle and upper cauline leaves ranged from 32.3-37.2 cm, 25.2-27.8cm, 10.4- 13.2cm, respectively Whereas the width of the lower, middle, upper leaves ranged 12.5-17.4 cm , 7.6- 10.2cm , 3.4-4.1cm, respectively. Further, the studies on Symphytum officnale regarding root yield, dry matter ratio of leaves and roots as well as physiochemical properties other chemical compounds present and uses in homoeopathic system of the medicine under the Nilgiris condition are need to be studied elaborately in future.
PP-Mono-Tiefziehfolie noch dünner
Authors: Sachs Melanie
Published: January 2022

Der Verpackungsmittelhersteller Etimex Primary Packaging hat eine Tiefziehfolie weiterentwickelt und ihr damit ein nachhaltigeres Gewand verpasst.
A Novel Optimization of Cloud Instances with Inventory Theory Applied on Real Time IoT Data of Stochastic Nature
Authors: Guha Sayan
Published: January 2022

A Horizontal scaling is a Cloud architectural strategy by which the number of nodes or computers increased to meet the demand of continuously increasing workload. The cost of compute instances increases with increased workload & the research is aimed to bring an optimization of the reserved Cloud instances using principles of Inventory theory applied to IoT datasets with variable stochastic nature. With a structured solution architecture laid down for the business problem to understand the checkpoints of compute instances – the range of approximate reserved compute instances have been optimized & pinpointed by analysing the probability distribution curves of the IoT datasets. The Inventory theory applied to the distribution curves of the data provides the optimized number of compute instances required taking the range prescribed from the solution architecture. The solution would help Cloud solution architects & Project sponsors in planning the compute power required in AWS® Cloud platform in any business situation where ingestion & processing data of stochastic nature is a business need.
MOLDOVAN TEACHERS' PERCEPTION REGARDING KEY COMPETENCES DEVELOPMENT IN GENERAL EDUCATION
Authors: Țîbuleac Ana
Published: January 2022

The way in which key competences are introduced in general education today conditions a distorted perception of teachers about their development in general education.In order to advance the introduction of key competences in general education, it is necessary to develop large-scale initiatives or national strategies to promote key competences in general education.Exploring the ways of their integration through inter and transdisciplinary approach to the teaching contents sets training premises for the institutions of in-service training of the teaching and managerial staff in the general education.
Brief overview of zooarchaeological research within the framework of Middle Palaeolithic subsistence theories
Authors: Nabais Mariana
Published: January 2022

In the course of a general review of zooarchaeological studies, particular attention is given to the development of the thinking process associated with hominin dietary strategies. Since the dawn of archaeological studies animal bones were noticed and recovered in association with man‑made tools. Since then, faunal remains have been discussed as the result of human dietary practices. However, the way such feeding activities were conducted has been the focus of an ongoing heated debate. Different subsistence strategies – i.e. Hunting vs Scavenging; Specialization vs Broad Spectrum; Inland vs Coastal Adaptation – have a strong impact on the image we create about our ancestors. Indeed, depending on the mode of acquisition and processing of faunal remains, hominins have been assessed on their cognitive abilities and, therefore, stamped as more, or less, evolved. More recently, new insights have been provided by the development of actualistic studies, highlighting the need to understand in detail the origin of the faunal accumulations. The formation of faunal assemblages in archaeological sites is not only dependent on anthropogenic activities.
Association of weather variables with the migration phenology and body conditions of Siberian warblers
Authors: Bozó László , Anisimov Yury , Csörgő Tibor
Published: January 2022

Different elements of weather, such as wind speed, wind direction, precipitation and temperature are very important regulators of bird migration. Weather conditions also play role on the body condition such as body mass and the deposited fat. In this study we selected four warbler species to examine the impact of different weather variables on their spring and autumn migration timing and their body condition in one of the most extreme weather areas of the Earth, at Lake Baikal in Siberia. We also studied the changes in body mass and fat reserves during the spring and autumn migration periods of these species. For the analyses, we used ringing data of 2471 birds from five spring and five autumn seasons during 2015–2019. According to our results, it can be stated that the weather did not have a significant association with the migration timing of the studied warblers, perhaps due to the geographical location of the study site. However, the body mass and the fat reserves of the birds increased during unsuitable weather conditions because of the increased energy requirements. Birds generally migrate with low fat reserves, which is due to the fact that this area is not an important stopover site for these species.
Pesquisas e abordagens educativas em ciências da saúde
Authors: Andrade João Vitor , Souza Juliana Cristina Martins de , Prates José Gilberto
Published: January 2022

A coleção “Pesquisas e abordagens educativas em ciências da saúde” apresenta, em dois volumes, a produção científica sobre as abordagens educativas em Ciências da Saúde nos mais variados contextos. Tem-se na obra desde estudos originais (construídos com métodos quantitativos e qualitativos) até estudos de revisão (narrativa, integrativa ou sistemática). As Ciências da Saúde são uma das oito áreas do conhecimento classificadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e, indiscutivelmente, possuem importância imensurável para a sociedade. Destaca-se que no intento de desvelar fenômenos complexos, explorando novas fronteiras do conhecimento e do trabalho humano, a presente obra se constitui da união das Ciências da Saúde com as Ciências Humanas, conforme preceitos da Ciência Moderna, que estimula o cruzamento e a interação de áreas de saberes diferentes. Além disso, estrutura-se em uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, contendo estudos oriundos das cinco regiões brasileiras, cujos autores possuem variadas formações. Com tal robustez, indubitavelmente esse material servirá como suporte para muitas pessoas, desde acadêmicos e profissionais, até a população em geral. Tendo em vista a relevância da temática, objetivou-se elencar de forma categorizada, nos dois volumes, os estudos de acordo com grandes áreas das Ciências da Saúde. O volume 1 apresenta estudos relacionados aos fundamentos das profissões das Ciências da Saúde; a saúde da mulher, saúde da criança e do adolescente, saúde do adulto e do idoso, destacando as abordagens e técnicas educacionais, questões epidemiológicas, bem estar e saúde integral. No volume 2 estão agrupadas as publicações com foco físico, biológico e bioquímico; aspectos legislativos e históricos e saúde coletiva. Chama-se atenção para as práticas integrativas e complementares, doenças crônicas e cuidado em saúde, temáticas predominantes neste segundo volume. Os variados temas nessa coleção, divulgada pela plataforma confiável e consolidada da Editora Amplla, garantirão aos leitores uma leitura profícua e sobremodo proveitosa. Explorem e compartilhem o material. Ademais, desejamos uma excelente leitura, na certeza que a presente obra contribuirá para o fortalecimento da literatura científica no tocante às abordagens educativas em ciências da saúde.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane at atmospherically relevant OH concentrations
Authors: Charan Sophia M. , Huang Yuanlong , Buenconsejo Reina S. , Li Qi , Cocker III David R. , Seinfeld John H.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5, C10H30O5Si5) is measured at parts per trillion (ppt) levels outdoors and parts per billion (ppb) levels indoors. Primarily used in
personal care products, its outdoor concentration is correlated to population density. Since understanding the aerosol formation potential of
volatile chemical products is critical to understanding particulate matter in urban areas, the secondary organic aerosol yield of D5 was studied
under a wide range of OH concentrations and, correspondingly, OH exposures using both batch-mode chamber and continuously run flow tube
experiments. These results were comprehensively analyzed and compared to two other secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield datasets from
literature. It was found that the SOA yield from the oxidation of D5 is extremely dependent on either the OH concentration or exposure. For OH
concentrations of ≲ 107 molec.cm-3 or OH exposures of ≲ 2 × 1011 molec.scm-3, the SOA
yield is largely < 5 % and usually ∼ 1 %. This is significantly lower than SOA yields previously reported. Using a two-product
absorptive partitioning model for the upper bound SOA yields, the stoichiometric mass fraction and absorptive partitioning coefficients are, for the
first product, α1 = 0.056 and KOM,1 = 0.022 m3 µg−1; for the second product, they are
α2 = 7.7 and KOM,2 = 4.3 × 10−5 m3 µg−1. Generally, there are high SOA yields
(> 90 %) at OH mixing ratios of 5 × 109 molec.cm-3 or OH exposures above 1012 molec.scm-3.
Sensitivity analysis of attenuation in convective rainfall at X-Band frequency using the Mountain Reference Technique
Authors: Delrieu Guy , Khanal Anil Kumar , Cazenave Frédéric , Boudevillain Brice
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The RadAlp experiment aims at improving quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in the Alps thanks to X-band polarimetric radars and in-situ measurements deployed in the region of Grenoble, France. In this article, we revisit the physics of propagation and attenuation of microwaves in rain. We first derive four attenuation – reflectivity (AZ) algorithms constrained or not by path-integrated attenuations (PIA) estimated from the decrease in return of selected mountain targets when it rains compared to their dry-weather levels (the so-called Mountain Reference Technique – MRT). We also consider one simple polarimetric algorithm based on the profile of the total differential phase shift between the radar and the mountain targets. The central idea of the work is to implement these five algorithms all together in the framework of a generalized sensitivity analysis in order to establish useful parameterizations for QPE. The parameter structure and the inherent mathematical ambiguity of the system of equations make it necessary to organize the optimization procedure in a nested way. The core of the procedure consists in (i) exploring with classical sampling techniques the space of the parameters allowed to be variable from one target to the other and from one time step to the next, (ii) computing a cost function (CF) quantifying the proximity of the simulated profiles and (iii) selecting parameters sets for which a given CF threshold is exceeded. This core is activated for series of values of parameters supposed to be fixed, e.g. the radar calibration error for a given event. The sensitivity analysis is performed for a set of three convective events using the 0°-elevation PPI measurements of the Météo-France weather radar located on top of the Moucherotte Mount (altitude of 1901 m asl). It allows estimation of critical parameters for radar QPE using radar data alone. In addition to the radar calibration error, this includes time series of radome attenuation and estimations of the coefficients of the power-law models relating the specific attenuation and the reflectivity (A-Z relationship) on the one hand and the specific attenuation and the specific differential phase shift (A-Kdp relationship) on the other hand. It is noteworthy that the A-Z and A-Kdp relationships obtained are consistent with those derived from concomitant drop size distribution measurements at ground level, in particular with a slightly non-linear A-Kdp relationship (A = 0.275 Kdp1.1). X-Band radome attenuations as high as 15 dB were estimated, leading to the recommendation of avoiding the use of radomes for remote sensing of precipitation at such frequency.
Temporal dynamics of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in response to natural and simulated upwelling events during the 2017 coastal El Niño near Callao, Peru
Authors: Chen Shao-Min , Riebesell Ulf , Schulz Kai G. , von der Esch Elisabeth , Achterberg Eric P. , Bach Lennart T.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are characterized by enhanced
carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and low pH and are being further acidified
by uptake of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2. With ongoing
intensification and expansion of OMZs due to global warming, carbonate
chemistry conditions may become more variable and extreme, particularly in
the eastern boundary upwelling systems. In austral summer (February–April) 2017, a
large-scale mesocosm experiment was conducted in the coastal upwelling area
off Callao (Peru) to investigate the impacts of ongoing ocean deoxygenation
on biogeochemical processes, coinciding with a rare coastal El Niño
event. Here we report on the temporal dynamics of carbonate chemistry in the
mesocosms and surrounding Pacific waters over a continuous period of 50 d
with high-temporal-resolution observations (every second day). The
mesocosm experiment simulated an upwelling event in the mesocosms by
addition of nitrogen (N)-deficient and CO2-enriched OMZ water. Surface
water in the mesocosms was acidified by the OMZ water addition, with
pHT lowered by 0.1–0.2 and pCO2 elevated to above 900 µatm.
Thereafter, surface pCO2 quickly dropped to near or below the
atmospheric level (405.22 µatm in 2017; Dlugokencky and Tans, 2021; NOAA/Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML)) mainly due to
enhanced phytoplankton production with rapid CO2 consumption. Further
observations revealed that the dominance of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea and
contamination of bird excrements played important roles in the dynamics of
carbonate chemistry in the mesocosms. Compared to the simulated upwelling,
natural upwelling events in the surrounding Pacific waters occurred more
frequently with sea-to-air CO2 fluxes of 4.2–14.0 mmol C m−2 d−1. The positive CO2 fluxes indicated our site was a local
CO2 source during our study, which may have been impacted by the
coastal El Niño. However, our observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) drawdown in the
mesocosms suggest that CO2 fluxes to the atmosphere can be largely
dampened by biological processes. Overall, our study characterized carbonate
chemistry in nearshore Pacific waters that are rarely sampled in such
a temporal resolution and hence provided unique insights into the CO2
dynamics during a rare coastal El Niño event.
Last interglacial sea-level proxies in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Ryang Woo Hun , Simms Alexander R. , Yoon Hyun Ho , Chun Seung Soo , Kong Gee Soo
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Like most of the world's coastlines, the Korean Peninsula
experienced higher-than-present sea levels during the last interglacial
(LIG), otherwise known as Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e. However, the
expression of that highstand in the geological record differs across the
eastern and western Korean Peninsula. The tectonically active east coast of
the Korean Peninsula is characterized by broad uplifted marine terraces,
while the stable west coast is characterized by tidal flats and rias. In
this study, we used a standardized database template to review and extract
the existing constraints on LIG sea levels along both the east and west
coasts of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 62 LIG constraining data points
were compiled including 34 sea-level indicators, 22 marine limiting records,
and 6 terrestrial limiting records. The ages from these data points are
based on 61 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) measurements and 1
paleomagnetic-based age. Along the uplifted east coast, LIG sea-level
indicators based on marine terraces are at elevations ranging from +9 to
+32 m. The uplifted marine terraces are cut or otherwise deformed by
faults developed under a compressional regime due to back-arc closing of the
East Sea since the early Pliocene. As a result, tectonic uplift likely has
affected the elevations of the east coast LIG shorelines. In contrast, LIG
sea-level records on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula are found at
heights of between +3 and +6 m and include marine and terrestrial
elevation limiting records as well as true sea-level indicators. The LIG
sea-level constraints along the west coast of the Korean Peninsula are
likely unaffected by vertical movement or experienced minor subsidence
during the Quaternary. The database is available open access at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4974826 (Ryang and Simms, 2021).
Implementation of the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP Collection 1.0 annual land surface change product
Authors: Xian George Z. , Smith Kelcy , Wellington Danika , Horton Josephine , Zhou Qiang , Li Congcong , Auch Roger , Brown Jesslyn F. , Zhu Zhe , Reker Ryan R.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The increasing availability of high-quality remote sensing data and advanced
technologies has spurred land cover mapping to characterize land change from
local to global scales. However, most land change datasets either span
multiple decades at a local scale or cover limited time over a larger
geographic extent. Here, we present a new land cover and land surface change
dataset created by the Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection
(LCMAP) program over the conterminous United States (CONUS). The LCMAP land
cover change dataset consists of annual land cover and land cover change
products over the period 1985–2017 at a 30 m resolution using Landsat and
other ancillary data via the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm. In this paper, we describe our novel approach to implement
the CCDC algorithm to produce the LCMAP product suite composed of five land
cover products and five products related to land surface change. The LCMAP land cover
products were validated using a collection of ∼25 000
reference samples collected independently across CONUS. The overall
agreement for all years of the LCMAP primary land cover product reached
82.5 %. The LCMAP products are produced through the LCMAP Information
Warehouse and Data Store (IW+DS) and shared Mesos cluster systems that can
process, store, and deliver all datasets for public access. To our
knowledge, this is the first set of published 30 m annual land change
datasets that include land cover, land cover change, and spectral change
spanning from the 1980s to the present for the United States. The LCMAP
product suite provides useful information for land resource management and
facilitates studies to improve the understanding of terrestrial ecosystems
and the complex dynamics of the Earth system. The LCMAP system could be
implemented to produce global land change products in the future. The LCMAP
products introduced in this paper are freely available at
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W1TO6E (LCMAP, 2021).
Dynamic motion monitoring of a 3.6 km long steel rod in a borehole during cold-water injection with distributed fiber-optic sensing
Authors: Lipus Martin Peter , Schölderle Felix , Reinsch Thomas , Wollin Christopher , Krawczyk Charlotte , Pfrang Daniela , Zosseder Kai
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data find many applications
in wellbore monitoring such as flow monitoring, formation evaluation and well integrity studies. For horizontal or highly deviated wells,
wellbore fiber-optic installations can be conducted by mounting the sensing
cable to a rigid structure (casing/tubing) which allows for a controlled
landing of the cable. We analyze a cold-water injection phase in a
geothermal well with a 3.6 km long fiber-optic installation mounted to a
3/4 in. sucker rod by using both DAS and distributed
temperature sensing (DTS) data. During cold-water injection, we observe
distinct vibrational events (shock waves) which originate in the reservoir
interval and migrate up- and downwards. We use temperature differences from
the DTS data to determine the theoretical thermal contraction and integrated
DAS data to estimate the actual deformation of the rod construction. The
results suggest that the rod experiences thermal stresses along the
installation length – partly in the compressional and partly in the
extensional regime. We find strong evidence that the observed vibrational
events originate from the release of the thermal stresses when the friction
of the rod against the borehole wall is overcome. Within this study, we show
the influence of temperature changes on the acquisition of distributed
acoustic/strain sensing data along a fiber-optic cable suspended along a
rigid but freely hanging rod. We show that observed vibrational events do
not necessarily originate from induced seismicity in the reservoir but
instead can originate from stick–slip behavior of the rod construction that
holds the measurement equipment.
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETERS OVER THE METHANE SEEP SITE IN THE BLUE BAY (THE BLACK SEA): A CONNECTION WITH SUBMARINE FRESHWATER DISCHARGE
Authors:   Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, MALAKHOVA T. V. , IVANOVA I. N. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, BUDNIKOV A. A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, MURASHOVA A. I. ,   Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, MALAKHOVA L. V. ,   Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The vertical distribution of temperature ( T ), salinity ( S ), dissolved oxygen (O2) concentration, flow velocity ( U ) in the underwater canyon over the gas seepage site in the Golubaya Bay (the Black Sea) is studied. A significant decrease in the O2 concentration in the bottom water layer over the seep site as compared to the background site is shown, with a minimum of 0.2 mg/l, which was kept during the entire measurement period. The minima at the bottom were also revealed in the distribution of salinity in the first dataset; in the second dataset, desalination lenses were registered at a depth of 4, 10, and 8 m for three consecutive soundings. Such distribution potentially indicates a pulsed freshwater discharge, during which the desalination lenses gradually rise to the surface. The bottom current in the canyon was on average two times weaker than at the background station, where its velocity varied within 0.04-0.09 m/s. The described features of the distribution of hydrological parameters are associated with the gas bubble seepage and geomorphology of the study area.