bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploratory investigation towards a visitor motivational profile at a provincial nature reserve in Gauteng
Authors: Muzeza Davis , Hermann Uwe P. , Khunou Pula S.
Published: June 2018

This study strives to address the needs of a Gauteng provincial nature reserve in order to develop a greater understanding of the visitors’ profile to this reserve in terms of demographics and motivations for visitation. Understanding the motivations for different types of visitors is vital for reserve management to adequately satisfy the visitors’ needs. An exploratory factor analysis was used to identify visitor segment profiles based on their motivations for visiting the reserve. The factor analysis revealed six motivation factors. These segments included relaxation and escape; nostalgia and history; personal benefits; wildlife and geographical features; convenience and part of lifestyle; and participating in an event. The study, furthermore, identified, for the first time at a South African provincial nature reserve, a new motivator factor: participating in an event. The results show that segmentation by motivation is a useful research tool for identifying what motivates visitors to travel. Understanding the differences within these segments will help management offer satisfying innovative activities and services to visitors. Recommendations for management include providing opportunities for nature enthusiasts by enhancing awareness creation of the fauna and flora present in the reserve as well as providing opportunities for relaxation and escape through the introduction of recreational facilities such as wellness programmes. Improved amenities are required such as refreshments, curios retail and overnight accommodation. The reserve appeals widely to mountain bikers; thus, marketing efforts should be directed towards this group.
Transformational leadership and employee organisational commitment in a rural-based higher education institution in South Africa
Authors: Ndlovu Wiseman , Ngirande Hlanganipai , Setati Sam T. , Zhuwao Simbarashe
Published: June 2018

Orientation: Transformation is a topical issue in South African higher education institutions. The slow and sluggish progress in attempts to transform the sector can be attributed to leadership and commitment of staff in these institutions.Research purpose: The study investigated perceptions of employees and managers on the connection between transformational leadership style and employee organisational commitment in a selected rural-based higher education institution in South Africa.Motivation for the study: This study was conducted to determine whether a perceived lack or the presence of transformational leadership style influences the level of organisational commitment of academic and non-academic staff members of a rural-based university. It is believed that in this way, the study may assist in determining and identifying the strategies to be used to improve the commitment of the staff members to attain the much needed transformation in higher education institutions.Research design, approach and method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data following a quantitative research design. The target population was divided into academic and non-academic strata. Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed.Main findings: The study found that transformational leadership style has a positive and significant relationship with affective commitment and moderate relationship with continuance commitment. On the contrary, it had no relationship with normative commitment. The study further revealed that perceived transformational leadership style explained the variance on employee organisational commitment. Therefore, the study concludes that effects of perceived transformational leadership style on employee commitment cannot be the same in different institutions and settings.Practical and managerial implications: The study recommends that each institution should diagnose its situation for a better pictorial view of how transformational leadership affects employee organisational commitment in their organisation.Contribution: The results of the study may assist leaders and employees in higher education institutions to enhance commitment for both academic and non-academic staff members through transformative leadership style to attain transformational goals of the South African higher education institutions as projected by the national government. Furthermore, this study will ensure the promotion and creation of transformative leaders who are adaptive and proactive in dealing with challenges of transformation in the former ‘black’ higher education institutions in South Africa and who also have staff members committed to this higher education transformation agenda.
Genopolitics: The dormant niche in political science curriculum in South African universities
Authors: Hlatshwayo Mlamuli N. , Fomunyam Kehdinga G.
Published: June 2018

South African higher education institutions have been grappling with the challenges of transformation and decolonisation as a result of the 2015–2016 student protests calling into focus issue of access (both formal and epistemological), belonging, social justice, transformation and others. One of the key sites for this struggle for transformation has been curriculum and the notion of relevance in responding to the development of social reality. Political Science as a discipline has increasingly been confronted with an ‘existential crisis’ with scholars in the field asking critical questions on whether the discipline has reached a point of irrelevance to social reality. Three key critiques of political science as a discipline are discussed in this article – firstly, the critique that political science is obsessed with what has been termed ‘methodological fetishism’ in being unable to embrace new knowledge. Secondly, that political science tends to construct universal theories and concepts that assume global homogeneity and de-emphasise the importance of context and locality in knowledge, knowledge production and its experiences. Thirdly, and the central point of this article, the social disconnection between political science as a field and its [in]ability to make a socio-economic contribution to society. This article suggests that genopolitics allows us to critically reflect on and respond to the above notions of relevance in political science by looking at the role of genes played in political behaviour and genetic dispositions to see and analyses how people, communities and societies behave in the ways that illuminate our understanding of social reality.
Tele-evidence
Authors: Bari S , Arora P , Gupta AK , Singh M , Aggarwal AK
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

The role of physicians often extends beyond provision of direct patient care and includes appearance in courts as professional or expert witnesses to give their testimony in various legal cases. This often consumes precious time and resources of the doctors and the hospitals. This study was taken up to evaluate the present system of the physical appearance of the doctors to various courts and compare it with the videoconferencing mode of giving testimony (tele-evidence).

Materials and Methods:

Available records of summons and vehicles used were analyzed to calculate the cost involved and man-hours consumed in honoring the court summons. Telemedicine facility, available in our institute, was used for conducting tele-evidence with selected courts of the two states as a pilot, which was later expanded. A survey was also done to assess the experience of the physicians with physical appearance and videoconferencing using structured questionnaire after approval from the Institute's Ethics Committee. Likert scale of 0–10 points was used to measure satisfaction.

Results:

There was 43% drop in the monthly mileage of vehicles, 49% reduction in the fuel cost per month, and 28% savings in terms of time consumed for court duties. Satisfaction score for parameters of time consumed, physical strain, mental strain, communication with Honorable Judges, and overall experience was 87% through tele-evidence as compared to 31% with physical appearance.

Conclusion:

Tele-evidence is an acceptable and implementable mode of testifying and has led to tremendous resource savings in our tertiary care setting. The model needs to be replicated for deliverance of justice and is in consonance with Government's push toward Digital India.
An Improved Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for the Detection of Leptospira-Specific Antibodies
Authors: Chen Hua-Wei , Lukas Heather , Becker Kira , Weissenberger Giulia , Halsey Eric S. , Guevara Carolina , Canal Enrique , Hall Eric , Maves Ryan C. , Tilley Drake H. , Kuo Lynn , Kochel Tadeusz J. , Ching Wei-Mei
Published: June 2018

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease with worldwide endemicity and continues to be a significant public health burden on resource-limited populations. Previously, we produced three highly purified recombinant antigens (rLipL32, rLipL41, and rLigA-Rep) and evaluated their performance of detecting Leptospira-specific antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as compared with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The overall sensitivity of this assay approached 90%. Recently, another recombinant antigen (rLigB-Rep) was prepared. We tested each individual antigen and a 1:1:1:1 mixture of these four antigens for the detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in ELISA. The performance of these recombinant antigens was evaluated with a much larger febrile patient panel (337 MAT-confirmed positive sera and 92 MAT-negative sera from febrile patients). Combining the detection results of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G from these four individual antigens, the overall sensitivity was close to 90% but the specificity was only 66%, based on the MAT reference method. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the four-antigen mixture were 82% and 86%, respectively. The mixture of four antigens also exhibited a broader reactivity with MAT-positive samples of 18 serovars from six major pathogenic Leptospira species. Given the limitations of MAT, the data were further analyzed by Bayesian latent class model, showing that ELISA using a 1:1:1:1 mixture still maintained high sensitivity (79%) and specificity (88%) as compared with the sensitivity (90%) and specificity (83%) of MAT. Therefore, ELISA using a mixture of these four antigens could be a very useful test for seroprevalence studies.
Zika Virus and the World Health Organization Criteria for Determining Recent Infection Using Plaque Reduction Neutralization Testing
Authors: Ward Matthew J. , Alger Jackeline , Berrueta Mabel , Bock Harry , Buekens Pierre , Cafferata Maria Luisa , Ciganda Alvaro , García Jorge , García Kimberly , Lopez Wendy , Lorenzana Ivette , Parham Leda , Wesson Dawn M.
Published: June 2018

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic swept across Latin America and the Caribbean, where dengue virus (DENV) is endemic. The antigenic similarities of these closely related flaviviruses left researchers and clinicians with challenges to interpret serological tests. Thirty-six women attending a prenatal clinic in Honduras and with positive DENV IgM enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISAs) were screened with a ZIKV immunoglobulin M ELISA, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for ZIKV and DENV 1–4, and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) for ZIKV and DENV-2. Plaque reduction neutralization test results were interpreted using the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Using the WHO criteria of a PRNT90 titer ≥ 20 and a 4-fold difference between ZIKV and DENV titers, we determined that 69.4% of samples had a recent ZIKV infection, compared with 5.6% using CDC criteria. The interpretation of ZIKV PRNTs in a DENV-endemic region is highly dependent on the choice of interpretation criteria.
Local time dependence of polar mesospheric clouds: a model study
Authors: Schmidt Francie , Baumgarten Gerd , Berger Uwe , Fiedler Jens , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Mesospheric Ice Microphysics And tranSport model (MIMAS) is used to study local time (LT) variations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) in the Northern Hemisphere during the period from 1979 to 2013. We investigate the tidal behavior of brightness, altitude, and occurrence frequency and find a good agreement between model and lidar observations. At the peak of the PMC layer the mean ice radius varies from 35 to 45 nm and the mean number density varies from 80 to 150 cm−3 throughout the day. We also analyze PMCs in terms of ice water content (IWC) and show that only amplitudes of local time variations in IWC are sensitive to threshold conditions, whereas phases are conserved. In particular, relative local time variations decrease with larger thresholds. Local time variations also depend on latitude. In particular, absolute local time variations increase towards the pole. Furthermore, a phase shift exists towards the pole which is independent of the threshold value. In particular, the IWC maximum moves backward in time from 08:00 LT at midlatitudes to 02:00 LT at high latitudes. The persistent features of strong local time modulations in ice parameters are caused by local time structures in background temperature and water vapor. For a single year local time variations of temperature at 69° N are in a range of ±3 K near 83 km altitude. At sublimation altitudes the water vapor variation is about ±3.5 ppmv, leading to a change in the saturation ratio by a factor of about 2 throughout the day.
Tropospheric ozone in CCMI models and Gaussian emulation to understand biases in the SOCOLv3 chemistry-climate model
Authors: Revell Laura E. , Stenke Andrea , Tummon Fiona , Feinberg Aryeh , Rozanov Eugene , Peter Thomas , Abraham N. Luke , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Archibald Alexander T. , Butchart Neal , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Kinnison Douglas , Michou Martine , Morgenstern Olaf , O'Connor Fiona M. , Oman Luke D. , Pitari Giovanni , Plummer David A. , Schofield Robyn , Stone Kane , Tilmes Simone , Visioni Daniele , Yamashita Yousuke , Zeng Guang
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Previous multi-model intercomparisons have shown that chemistry-climate models exhibit significant biases in tropospheric ozone compared with observations. We investigate annual-mean tropospheric column ozone in 15 models participating in the SPARC/IGAC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate/International Global Atmospheric Chemistry) Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). These models exhibit a positive bias, on average, of up to 40–50 % in the Northern Hemisphere compared with observations derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder (OMI/MLS), and a negative bias of up to ~ 30 % in the Southern Hemisphere. SOCOLv3.0 (version 3 of the Solar-Climate Ozone Links CCM), which participated in CCMI, simulates global-mean tropospheric ozone columns of 40.2 DU – approximately 33 % larger than the CCMI multi-model mean. Here we introduce an updated version of SOCOLv3.0, SOCOLv3.1, which includes an improved treatment of ozone sink processes, and results in a reduction in the tropospheric column ozone bias of up to 8 DU, mostly due to the inclusion of N2O5 hydrolysis on tropospheric aerosols. As a result of these developments, tropospheric column ozone amounts simulated by SOCOLv3.1 are comparable with several other CCMI models. We apply Gaussian process emulation and sensitivity analysis to understand the remaining ozone bias in SOCOLv3.1. This shows that ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides (NOx, carbon monoxide, methane and other volatile organic compounds) are responsible for more than 90 % of the variance in tropospheric ozone. However, it may not be the emissions inventories themselves that result in the bias, but how the emissions are handled in SOCOLv3.1, and we discuss this in the wider context of the other CCMI models. Given that the emissions data set to be used for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project includes approximately 20 % more NOx than the data set used for CCMI, further work is urgently needed to address the challenges of simulating sub-grid processes of importance to tropospheric ozone in the current generation of chemistry-climate models.
Performance of NO, NO2 low cost sensors and three calibration approaches within a real world application
Authors: Bigi Alessandro , Mueller Michael , Grange Stuart K. , Ghermandi Grazia , Hueglin Christoph
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Low cost sensors for measuring atmospheric pollutants are experiencing an increase in popularity worldwide among practitioners, academia and environmental agencies, and a large amount of data by these devices are being delivered to the public. Notwithstanding their behaviour, performance and reliability are not yet fully investigated and understood. In the present study we investigate the medium term performance of a set of NO and NO2 electrochemical sensors in Switzerland using three different regression algorithms within a field calibration approach. In order to mimic a realistic application of these devices, the sensors were initially co-located at a rural regulatory monitoring site for a 4-month calibration period, and subsequently deployed for 4 months at two distant regulatory urban sites in traffic and urban background conditions, where the performance of the calibration algorithms was explored. The applied algorithms were Multivariate Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression and Random Forest; these were tested, along with the sensors, in terms of generalisability, selectivity, drift, uncertainty, bias, noise and suitability for spatial mapping intra-urban pollution gradients with hourly resolution. Results from the deployment at the urban sites show a better performance of the non-linear algorithms (Support Vector Regression and Random Forest) achieving RMSE  <  5 ppb, R2 between 0.74 and 0.95 and MAE between 2 and 4 ppb. The combined use of both NO and NO2 sensor output in the estimate of each pollutant showed some contribution by NO sensor to NO2 estimate and vice-versa. All algorithms exhibited a drift ranging between 5 and 10 ppb for Random Forest and 15 ppb for Multivariate Linear Regression at the end of the deployment. The lowest concentration correctly estimated, with a 25 % relative expanded uncertainty, resulted in ca. 15–20 ppb and was provided by the non-linear algorithms. As an assessment for the suitability of the tested sensors for a targeted application, the probability of resolving hourly concentration difference in cities was investigated. It was found that NO concentration differences of 5–10 ppb (8–10 for NO2) can reliably be detected (90 % confidence), depending on the air pollution level. The findings of this study, although derived from a specific sensor type and sensor model, are based on a flexible methodology and have extensive potential for exploring the performance of other low cost sensors, that are different in their target pollutant and sensing technology.
The CALIPSO Version 4 Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm
Authors: Kim Man-Hae , Omar Ali H. , Tackett Jason L. , Vaughan Mark A. , Winker David M. , Trepte Charles R. , Hu Yongxiang , Liu Zhaoyan , Poole Lamont R. , Pitts Michael C. , Kar Jayanta , Magill Brian E.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) version 4.10 (V4) level 2 aerosol data products, released in November 2016, include substantial improvements to the aerosol subtyping and lidar ratio selection algorithms. These improvements are described along with resulting changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD). The most fundamental change in V4 level 2 aerosol products is a new algorithm to identify aerosol subtypes in the stratosphere. Four aerosol subtypes are introduced for the stratospheric aerosols: polar stratospheric aerosol (PSA), volcanic ash, sulfate/other, and smoke. The tropospheric aerosol subtyping algorithm was also improved by adding the following enhancements: (1) all aerosol subtypes are now allowed over polar regions, whereas the version 3 (V3) algorithm allowed only clean continental and polluted continental aerosols; (2) a new “dusty marine” aerosol subtype is introduced, representing mixtures of dust and marine aerosols near the ocean surface; and (3) the “polluted continental” and “smoke” subtypes have been renamed “polluted continental/smoke” and “elevated smoke”, respectively. V4 also revises the lidar ratios for clean marine, dust, clean continental, and elevated smoke subtypes. As a consequence of the V4 updates, the mean 532 nm AOD retrieved by CALIOP has increased by 0.044 (0.036) or 52 % (40 %) for nighttime (daytime). Lidar ratio revisions are the most influential factor for AOD changes from V3 to V4, especially for cloud-free skies. Preliminary validation studies show that the AOD discrepancies between CALIOP and AERONET/MODIS (ocean) are reduced in V4 compared to V3.
Modelling feedbacks between human and natural processes in the land system
Authors: Robinson Derek T. , Di Vittorio Alan , Alexander Peter , Arneth Almut , Barton C. Michael , Brown Daniel G. , Kettner Albert , Lemmen Carsten , O'Neill Brian C. , Janssen Marco , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Rabin Sam S. , Rounsevell Mark , Syvitski James P. , Ullah Isaac , Verburg Peter H.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The unprecedented use of Earth's resources by humans, in combination with
increasing natural variability in natural processes over the past century, is
affecting the evolution of the Earth system. To better understand natural
processes and their potential future trajectories requires improved
integration with and quantification of human processes. Similarly, to
mitigate risk and facilitate socio-economic development requires a better
understanding of how the natural system (e.g. climate variability and
change, extreme weather events, and processes affecting soil fertility)
affects human processes. Our understanding of these interactions and feedback
between human and natural systems has been formalized through a variety of
modelling approaches. However, a common conceptual framework or set of
guidelines to model human–natural-system feedbacks is lacking. The presented
research lays out a conceptual framework that includes representing
model coupling configuration in combination with the frequency of interaction
and coordination of communication between coupled models. Four different
approaches used to couple representations of the human and natural system are
presented in relation to this framework, which vary in the processes
represented and in the scale of their application. From the development and
experience associated with the four models of coupled human–natural systems,
the following eight lessons were identified that if taken into account by
future coupled human–natural-systems model developments may increase their
success: (1) leverage the power of sensitivity analysis with models,
(2) remember modelling is an iterative process, (3) create a common language,
(4) make code open-access, (5) ensure consistency, (6) reconcile
spatio-temporal mismatch, (7) construct homogeneous units, and
(8) incorporating feedback increases non-linearity and variability. Following a discussion of
feedbacks, a way forward to expedite model coupling and increase the
longevity and interoperability of models is given, which suggests the use of
a wrapper container software, a standardized applications programming
interface (API), the incorporation of standard names, the mitigation of sunk costs by
creating interfaces to multiple coupling frameworks, and the adoption of
reproducible workflow environments to wire the pieces together.
Real-time observations of stable isotope dynamics during rainfall
and throughfall events
Authors: Herbstritt Barbara , Gralher Benjamin , Weiler Markus
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The isotopic composition of throughfall is affected by complex exchange, enrichment, and mixing processes in the tree canopy. All interception processes occur simultaneously in space and time generating a complex pattern of throughfall in amount and isotopic composition. This pattern ultimately cascades through the entire hydrologic system and is therefore crucial for studies in catchment hydrology where recharge areas are often forested while reference meteorological stations are generally in the open. For the quasi real-time observation of the isotopic composition of both gross precipitation and throughfall we developed an approach combining an off-the-shelf membrane contactor (Membrana) with a laser-based Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS, Picarro), obtaining isotope readings every two seconds. For the continuous observation of the temporal effect of interception processes two setups with two CRDS instruments in parallel were used analysing gross precipitation and throughfall simultaneously. All devices were kept small to minimize dead volume and thereby, with time-lags of only four minutes, to increase the temporal resolution of isotope observations. Complementarily, meteorological variables were recorded in high temporal resolution at the same location. Comparing these high temporally resolved continuous measurements with discrete liquid or event-based bulk samples, this approach proves to be a powerful tool towards more insight in the very dynamic processes contributing to interception during rainfall events.
Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works?
Authors: Engeset Rune V. , Pfuhl Gerit , Landrø Markus , Mannberg Andrea , Hetland Audun
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities, and fatalities, in avalanche terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017, 64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a 106 % increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore launched the National Avalanche Warning Service (NAWS), which provide avalanche warnings to transport and preparedness authorities, and to the public. Previous studies suggest that avalanche warnings are used extensively in trip and preparedness planning, and have a relatively strong influence on the decisions people are taking in order to reduce risk. However, no evaluation, concerning how efficiently the warnings are communicated and understood, has been done to date. Avalanche warnings communicate complex natural phenomena, with a variable complexity and level of uncertainty about both the future and the present. In order to manage avalanche risk successfully, it is fundamental that the warning message can be understood and translated into practice by a wide range of different user groups. Less avalanche-competent users may need simple information to decide when to stay away from avalanche terrain, while professional users may need advanced technical details in order to make their decisions. To evaluate how different modes of communication are understood, and how efficiently the informational content is communicated, we designed and implemented a web-based user survey. The modes of presentation were based on the Varsom.no 2017-version (Varsom.no being the national portal for natural hazards warnings in Norway). We first asked a panel of experts from NAWS to answer the survey, and used their answers to establish the indented comprehension of the avalanche warning. We thereafter recruited over 200 recreational users, and compared their answers to those of the experts for the different modes of communication. Our empirical analyses suggest that most users find the warning service to be useful and well suited for their needs. However, the effectiveness of a warnings seems to be influenced by the competency of the user and the complexity of the scenarios. We discuss the findings and make recommendations on how to improve communication of avalanche warnings.
Exploring the sensitivity of the large-scale atmosphere circulation to
changes in surface temperature gradients using a Statistical-Dynamical Atmosphere Model
Authors: Totz Sonja , Petri Stefan , Lehmann Jascha , Peukert Erik , Coumou Dim
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Climate and weather conditions in the mid-latitudes are strongly driven by the large-scale atmosphere circulation. Observational data indicates that important components of the large-scale circulation have changed in recent decades including the strength of the Hadley cell, jets, storm tracks and planetary waves. Here, we use a statistical-dynamical atmosphere model (SDAM) to analyse the sensitivity of the Northern Hemisphere dynamical components to changes in temperature fields by systematically altering the zonal temperature asymmetry and meridional temperature gradient as well as the global mean temperature. Our results show that the strength of the Hadley cell, storm tracks and jet streams depends almost linearly on both the global mean temperature and the meridional temperature gradient whereas the zonal temperature asymmetry has little or no influence. The magnitude of planetary waves is clearly affected by all three temperature components. The width of the Hadley cell behaves nonlinearly with respect to all three temperature components. Under global warming the temperature gradients are expected to change: Enhanced warming is expected in the Arctic, largely near the surface, and at the equator at high altitudes, altering the meridional temperature gradient. Further, land-ocean contrasts will change due to enhanced land warming. Also there is a pronounced seasonality to these warming patterns. Using SDAMs to disentangle and separately analyse the effect of individual temperature changes can help to understand observed and projected changes in large-scale atmosphere dynamics. Moreover, some of these observed large-scale atmospheric changes are expected from dynamical equations and therefore an important part of model validation.
Physical Science Students’ Perceptions of Their Chemistry Classroom Environment and the Students’ Resultant Attitudes towards Chemistry
Authors: Amponsah Kwaku Darko , Aboagye Godwin Kwame , Kumassah Elliot Kossi , Mensah Alfred
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates physical sciences students’ perceptions of classroom environment and their attitude towards chemistry in South African High Schools’ in the Ximhungwe circuit of the Bohlabela district in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The present paper reports on the research findings on associations between the type of school attended by students and their perception of their chemistry classroom environment and their attitude towards chemistry, as measured with a standardised test. A sample of 210 12th grade physical sciences students from the ten public schools in the circuit was conveniently selected to complete a survey on Chemistry Classroom Environment Questionnaire (CCEQ) and Attitude Towards Chemistry Questionnaire (ATCQ). One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and a follow-up between-group analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted and showed that students in high achieving schools (HAS) had a high perception of their CCEQ inventory, which was influenced by all the five sub-scales. Mean scores and independent samples t-tests showed that students in both school types had a positive attitude towards chemistry. Spearman’s Correlation revealed that there was no relationship between physical sciences students’ perception of their classroom environment and their attitude towards chemistry in both types of schools. The study discusses these findings and compares them to prior learning environment studies.
Generation and Implementation of a Patient-Centered and Patient-Facing Genomic Test
Report in the EHR
Authors: Goehringer Jessica M. , Bonhag Michele A. , Jones Laney K. , Schmidlen Tara , Schwartz Marci , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Williams Janet L. , Williams Marc S.
Published: June 2018

Context: Communication of genetic laboratory results to patients and providers is
impeded by the complexity of results and reports. This can lead to misinterpretation of
results, causing inappropriate care. Patients often do not receive a copy of the report
leading to possible miscommunication. To address these problems, we conducted
patient-centered research to inform design of interpretive reports. Here we describe the
development and deployment of a specific patient-centered clinical decision support
(CDS) tool, a multi-use patient-centered genomic test report (PGR) that interfaces with
an electronic health record (EHR).Implementation Process: A PGR with a companion
provider report was configured for implementation within the EHR using locally developed
software (COMPASS™) to manage secure data exchange and access.Findings: We conducted
semi-structured interviews with patients, family members, and clinicians that showed
they sought clear information addressing findings, family implications, resources,
prognosis and next steps relative to the genomic result. Providers requested access to
applicable, available clinical guidelines. Initial results indicated patients and
providers found the PGR contained helpful, valuable information and would provide a
basis for result-related conversation between patients, providers and family.Major
Themes: Direct patient involvement in the design and development of a PGR identified
format and presentation preferences, and delivery of relevant information to patients
and providers, prompting the creation of a CDS tool.Conclusions: Research and
development of patient-centered CDS tools designed to support improved patient outcomes,
are enhanced by early and substantial engagement of patients in contributing to all
phases of tool design and development.
Vik Muniz (1961 - ): a percepção íntima da arte através de Andy Warhol (1928 - 1987)
Authors: Senko Elaine Cristina
Published: June 2018

Resumo: As obras de Vik Muniz perpassam uma variedade de influências da arte contemporânea, que vão desde a Pop Art até a Land Art. O artista brasileiro é considerado um profissional de intensa produção e faz um interessante diálogo entre o público e sua obra. Nesse artigo apresentaremos um panorama da importância da ação artística de Vik Muniz com um foco especial em sua obra acerca de Jackie Kennedy. Além disso, Vik se apresenta como um artista que utiliza muito da poética para descrever suas próprias obras – fato que, aliás, é percebido quando estamos observando suas criações artísticas. A experiência contemporânea permite a um artista como Vik Muniz desenvolver suas habilidades artísticas no sentido de aproximar o público de sua arte através de um hibridismo. Este hibridismo é moldado pela reutilização de substâncias e objetos com o propósito de uma re-significação da produção da arte de Andy Warhol.
A Escola e as Condições do Trabalho Docente: um retrato de Maringá
Authors: Dos Santos Rafael Adilio Silveira
Published: June 2018

Este artigo propõe reflexões que surgiram a partir do acompanhamento das aulas da disciplina de sociologia em colégios de Maringá. No texto, procuramos investigar as condições do trabalho docente (salas, turmas, material didático) e o vínculo empregatício do professor de ensino médio (salário e contrato temporário), tentando entender como esses elementos influenciam a vida docente e sua prática em sala de aula. Para isso, buscamos relacionar um estudo de caso com questões nacionais que dizem respeito ao trabalho docente e a situação da educação nacional. Como estratégia de análise, foram realizadas observações na escola, entrevistas com um professor de sociologia, bem como uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o trabalho docente e o contrato temporário no Brasil.
A Conversation with Timothy Lloyd
Authors: Lloyd Timothy , Williams Michael Ann
Published: June 2018

The period from the late 1960s to the late 1970s brought enormous growth in academic folklore, as well as a maturation of the applied dimension of our profession. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a significant number of retirements of folklorists who came of age during these heady days. We offer this oral history interview as a way of recognizing the contributions of retiring AFS Executive Director Tim Lloyd. In the past decade, the AFS annual meeting has included public interviews with leaders in our field as part of the larger “Collecting Voices” oral history project housed at Utah State University. Lloyd was interviewed by JAF co-editor Michael Ann Williams on October 19, 2017, at the American Folklore Society meeting in Minneapolis. This interview has been edited by Tim Lloyd for clarity from a verbatim transcript prepared by JAF editorial assistant Susanna Pyatt from an audio recording. The original audio and video recordings are available at USU. In this interview, Lloyd discusses the factors that enticed him into the field of folklore, the paths that took him into a career in both public and private nonprofit agencies, and the role he eventually assumed as the American Folklore Society’s first full-time executive director.
Localized Othering: Understanding Regionally and Geographically Bound Stereotypes in Appalachia
Authors: Hess Michael Edward , Casapulla Sharon Lynn , Brust Patrick , Cickovskis Krista , Lang Jenny , Macys Katharine , Slusher Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

This research describes and analyzes the local history, use, meaning, and impact of the term “Rutter,” a colloquial term used in southeastern Ohio. The use of “Rutter” is closely associated with other negative Appalachian stereotypes. “Rutter” is a local surname that seems to have undergone a process of pejoration. We present findings from semi-structured interviews (n = 10) with adult residents, with particular attention to the impact this term has on those who are called “Rutter” and effectively “othered” by the term in their local communities. We explore the thematic findings that emerged from the study and implications for action.
Scoring the Familiar and Unfamiliar in Howard Shore’s The Lord of the Rings
Authors: Rone Vincent
Published: June 2018

Each December between 2001 and 2003, Tolkien fans and film lovers alike flocked to theaters to see The Lord of the Rings films. Peter Jackson’s interpretation of Tolkien’s work invited audiences to immerse themselves in the landscapes and peoples of Middle-earth. Howard Shore’s film music became integral to that process and consequently garnered critical attention. Many have noted Shore’s adoption of musical techniques used in Romantic opera, especially his predilection for Wagnerian leitmotifs. Yet Shore scores Middle-earth in a far more nuanced manner than just the adoption of the leitmotif. He distinguishes entire peoples of Middle-earth through entire systems of harmony.

In fact, Shore’s score parallels an ordered triple of races (Hobbits, Men, and Elves) with an ordered triple of harmonic accompaniment (major-minor diatonic, modal diatonic, and nondiatonic [chromatic mediants]). Moreover, analysis of each race in this series places them on a continuum of familiar to unfamiliar, from ordinary to fantastical, derived from associativity codified in the Romantic era. I first trace the associativity of each harmonic system to developments in the nineteenth century and then locate their correlates in the textual and cinematic depictions of each race, as well as their leitmotifs. For example, tonality’s association with normativity parallels the Hobbits, the familiar. Next, the revitalization of modes as expressive deviations from tonality and as markers of the past suggests how Men reflect both familiarity and unfamiliarity. Finally, composers often have used mediant progressions to summon the fantastical, which parallels music of the Elves, the unfamiliar.

Howard Shore’s compartmentalization of harmony in The Lord of the Rings invites close investigation as to how film scores can continue several nineteenth-century traditions and can assist in our understanding of entire peoples in the fantasy genre.
Exploring the career pathways of four males nurses to the deanship position in higher education: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Fernan Cecelia E.
Published: June 2018

Background and purpose: The career path to deanship for male nurses is still mostly unexplored. Male deans leading nursing schools is a new trend in the U.S.Methods: A narrative inquiry using semi-structured interviews with four male deans of schools of nursing in the Southwestern U.S. was the methodology used for this study.Results: The following themes emerged from the data: 1) service to others; 2) traditional career trajectories; 3) it is all about people; and 4) evolving leadership styles. Importance: The participants’ narratives provided first-hand accounts of how these men transitioned from the bedside to the boardroom in higher education. Their experiences could shed light on gender-related issues in nursing education and its leadership. Thus, this study can serve as a career compass for male nurses aspiring to academic leadership positions, inspire more men to join the profession, and aid educational institutions develop strategies for a more gender-balanced workforce.Conclusions: This study proved that men are assets to the nursing profession in both practice and academia. Recruiting more men is part of a solution to the dean and faculty shortage. Preparing the next generation of nursing deans needs a concerted effort to enhance the diversity of the deans and the faculty to reflect the student population today.
The Relationship between Predicting Personality Using Physiognomy and Through Using Personality Scale
Authors: Abulaban Mohammad L. , Muzher Sahar S. , Thawabieh Ahmad M.
Published: June 2018

This study aims at investigating the relationship between predicting personality types through physiognomy on theone hand and through using personality scale on the other. 474 volunteers participated. 3 scales were used to collectdata: physiognomy judgments, Abulaban physiognomy scale and Herman brain dominance scale. The resultsindicated that there were high positive correlations between the three scales. The study recommends usingphysiognomy as a method to determine personality type as it is easy, valid, and provides fast results.
Wine Produced From Fermentation of Honey Slurry and Dates Palm Fruit Juice Blend Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated From Palm Wine
Authors: Mohammed S. S. D. , Yohanna B. , Wartu J. R. , Abubakar N. L. , Bello S.
Published: June 2018

This study aimed at evaluating the fermentative performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine on honey slurry and dates palm fruit juice blend for wine production. The yeast was isolated from palm wine on saboraud dextrose agar (SDA) using pour plate technique and was identified using microscopic and standard biochemical techniques. Physicochemical parameters were determined during 21 days fermentation using standard procedures. The proximate composition of the blend before fermentation and the produced wine was evaluated. The microbiological and sensory evaluations of the produced wine was investigated. The yeast strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fermentation recorded total viable yeast count from 2.5x106 to 13.0 x 106 CFU/mL. The physicochemical parameters revealed that during the fermentation, the pH values ranged from 4.3 to 5.4, percentage titratable acidity (TTA) ranged from 5.2 to 9.4. The temperature of the fermentation ranged from 24 to 29°C and the specific gravity values decreased steadily from 1.100 to1.010. Proximate composition of the date fruit revealed low protein content between 1.00 and 1.05, but high moisture content (82.43%). The produced wine contained reasonable amount of total carbohydrate A (19.59%), B (25.28%), C (22.7%) and D (21.88%). There were variations on other proximate compositions observed. The produced wine was not contaminated with bacteria and fungi. Sensory evaluation of the wine revealed acceptable aroma/flavor and taste. This study indicates that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain from the palm wine have good fermentative performance which suggested that it could be used for fruit wine production and other industrial applications preceded by further experiments.
The Demandingness of Beneficence and Kant’s System of Duties
Authors: Sticker Martin , van Ackeren Marcel ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2018

This paper contributes to the discussion of the moral demandingness of Kantian ethics by critically discussing an argument that is currently popular among Kantians. The argument from the system of duties holds that (a) in the Kantian system of duties the demandingness of our duty of beneficence is internally moderated by other moral prescriptions, such as the indirect duty to secure happiness, duties to oneself and special obligations. Furthermore, proponents of this argument claim (b) that via these prescriptions Kant’s system of duties incorporates into morality what current debates on (over-)demandingness call happiness and personal projects. These two claims are in conjunction supposed to establish that Kant’s ethics, at least when it comes to beneficence, is not plagued by the problem of excessive moral demands. We show that claims (a) and (b) are mistaken given what Kant says about beneficence, the application of imperfect duties and about emergencies. We finally argue that special obligations towards loved ones, a class of obligations largely overlooked by advocates of the system of duties, are the most promising candidates for internal moderation. These duties are, however, of a narrow scope.
Anatomia da madeira de Aspidosperma riedelii Müll. Arg. (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Raddatz Dione Dambrós , Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos , Rosa Rossana Cortelini da , Sousa Rita Dos Santos , Sutili Fabrício Jaques , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: June 2018

O lenho de Aspidosperma riedelii é anatomicamente descrito e ilustrado com fotomicrografias. Na estrutura anatômica destacam-se: porosidade difusa; vasos solitários; poros de diâmetro muito pequeno e com paredes finas; parênquima apotraqueal; raios estreitos, em sua maioria unisseriados; e fibras pouco lignificadas. Com exceção dos dois primeiros caracteres, que têm ampla ocorrência no gênero em estudo, os demais agregam flexibilidade a ramos e caules e, sendo comuns em reófitas, confirmam a espécie como promissora para utilização em obras de engenharia natural e recuperação de áreas degradadas, em margens de cursos de água.
Baseline Tailor
Authors: Lubell Joshua
Published: June 2018

Baseline Tailor is an innovative web application for users of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework and Special
Publication (SP) 800-53. Baseline Tailor makes the information in these widely
referenced publications easily accessible to both security professionals and downstream
software by addressing the following barriers: Complexity of the rules for tailoring SP
800-53 security controls, Differences in the Framework's and SP 800-53 organizational
approach, and Lack of a computer-readable data format for representing tailored security
controls. The NIST Engineering Laboratory’s Cybersecurity for Smart Manufacturing
Systems project used Baseline Tailor to help develop a Cybersecurity Framework profile
for the manufacturing environment. This “manufacturing profile” uses guidance from NIST
SP 800-53 and from NIST SP 800-82 Guide to Industrial Control Systems Security to
provide manufacturers with a roadmap for reducing cybersecurity risk.
Impact de l’expérience vécue sur la fréquentation d’un évènement : les leçons du marché de Noël de Strasbourg
Authors: Castéran Herbert , Roederer Claire
Published: June 2018

Fondé sur le cas du marché de Noël de Strasbourg (MNS), qui est à la fois un lieu touristique et un espace commercial éphémère, ce travail établit le lien entre dimensions de l’expérience, perception de l’authenticité et comportements de fréquentation et d’achat. Nous identifions trois classes de visiteurs qui se caractérisent par des ressentis différents et des logiques propres. Un même contexte expérientiel n’aboutit pas à la même expérience vécue du point de vue des visiteurs, ni à la même fréquentation et comportements autour de l’évènement. La perception de l’authenticité du marché ressort comme une dimension centrale de l’expérience et explique la fréquentation.