bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of CytoSorb in the emergency department-high dependency unit: A case report and a mini review
Authors: Biscardi Emanuela , Carpinteri Giuseppe , Castellino Pietro , Malatino Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

Circulating inflammatory mediators and cytokines play a pivotal role in the progression of sepsis, leading in turn to septic shock, organ failure and resistance to standard therapy. Blood purification therapies may be adjuvant treatment for severe sepsis, but results have been shown to be so far controversial. Recently, CytoSorb has achieved promising outcomes on reduction of cytokine blood levels, improvement of clinical parameters and mortality in sepsis, as well as in other acute conditions. It is mostly used in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), in isolated hemoperfusion, or inserted in other circuits in addition to Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), heart-lung machines and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We report a case of septic shock occurred in our Emergency Department-High Dependency Unit (ED-HDU), resistant to standard therapy and improved after CytoSorb, so avoiding ICU hospitalization.
Dilemmi etici dei professionisti sanitari e Covid-19
Authors: Merzagora Isabella , Caruso Palmina , Travaini Guido
Published: December 2021

Gli Autori hanno svolto una ricerca su un campione di 1.009 persone in tema di scelte etiche in periodo pandemico (aprile 2020) somministrando un apposito questionario online (web interviews). Di questo campione, il 10% ha dichiarato in sede di compilazione di svolgere una professione dell’area sanitaria. Partendo dall’analisi di questi dati e alla luce della letteratura di riferimento e delle raccomandazioni del SIAARTI/SIMLA “Decisioni per le cure intensive in caso di sproporzione tra necessità assistenziali e risorse disponibili in corso di pandemia da COVID-19”, gli Autori propongono alcune riflessioni in tema di dilemmi etici.
The forward edge transference within self-psychology and the activation of inborn capacity through interpretation and internalization
Authors: Knight Zelda G.
Published: December 2021

This paper builds on the ideas of self-psychologists Marian Tolpin and Richard Geist in two ways. Firstly, the idea of using forward edge transference as fostering the promotion of psychological health and well-being. I present two verbatim clinical examples showing the use of forward edge transference, and thus the intersubjective engagement between therapist and patient. I suggest that forward edge transference, rooted in healthy and self-affirming childhood experiences, can lie buried and forgotten. Secondly, using the same two examples, this paper adopts the notion of interpretation as a carrier of selfobject functions and shows how the interpretation of forward edge transferences has the potential to catalyse (forgotten) inborn capacity. Internalization, a part of selfobject function and psychic development, is re-thought of as a process in which an interaction between patient and therapist appears to (re)activate inborn potential/capacity for the patient rather than as something the patient ‘takes in’ from the other/selfobject.
Family dynamics. An exploration of parental sensitivity and depressive symptoms among mothers and fathers of toddlers
Authors: Muzard Antonia , Olhaberry Marcia , Immel Nina , Moran-Kneer Javier
Published: December 2021

In studies of maternal sensitivity, the influence of mothers’ depressive symptomatology has been consistently highlighted. Additionally, the relevance of both maternal and paternal sensitive responses to children’s development has been recognized. However, literature regarding the dynamics of the mother-father-toddler triad is scarce. This is particularly true when understanding how parental sensitivity may be bidirectionally shaped by both parents’ (i.e., mothers’ and fathers’ depressive symptomatology) and children’s characteristics (i.e., age). Hence, the present study aims to describe and analyse the associations between parental depression, paternal sensitivity and children’s socioemotional difficulties and age with mothers’ sensitive responses to highlight the appropriateness of considering fathers’ depressive symptoms and sensitivity to better understand the impact of maternal depressive symptomatology on mothers’ sensitivity. The participants included 80 Chilean mother-father-child triads in which all children were between 1 and 3 years of age and presented some degree of socioemotional difficulty. The results reveal no differences in maternal and paternal sensitivity or higher depressive symptomatology in mothers than in fathers. Additionally, while mothers’ depression was significantly associated with their sensitivity, this was not the case for fathers. Paternal depressive symptomatology was associated with the mother’s depression. Finally, paternal sensitivity emerged as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity. This result calls attention to the use of paternal variables to understand how maternal depression impacts mothers’ sensitivity and to thus develop appropriate interventions that expand the scope of such impacts from the dyad to the triad.
When and for whom do psychodynamic therapists use guided imagery? Explicating practitioners’ tacit knowledge
Authors: Bauckhage Jule , Sell Christian
Published: December 2021

Guided imagery psychotherapy (GIP) is an established therapeutic method using creative mental imagery within a psychodynamic frame of reference. Although there is evidence for the method’s general effectiveness, it is yet unclear under which conditions and for which patients it should be used. The aim of this study was therefore to empirically identify indication criteria for the use of guided affective imagery (GAI) as part of psychodynamic therapies. We conducted semi-structured interviews with N=15 psychodynamic therapists also qualified as GAI training therapists. We asked them to recollect cases in which they had decided either for or against the use of imagery. The therapists described a complex interplay of different factors. Using grounded theory coding supplemented by elements of Consensual Qualitative Research we reconstructed from their accounts a sequential model of their indicative decisions. First, there is a consideration of clear contraindications related to reality testing and destructiveness. Second, there are aspects requiring a modified application of GAI such as emotional instability and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. In a final step, there are a number of characteristics of the patient, the therapist, the therapeutic relationship, the patients’ initial imagery and different therapeutic goals and foci which are weighed relatively to each other in order for therapists to reach an indication decision. We end by discussing ways in which the indicative decision model may be used to improve GAI training as well as the method’s differential efficacy and effectiveness.
Comparative Evaluation of Altered Taste Perception among Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Gokhroo Abhinandan , Bhardwaj Puneet , Chowdhary Zoya , Agarwal Nishant , Soni Apurv , Dubey Tushar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Taste perception is an important factor in sustaining human life. Impairment of taste is one of the important features of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and it has not received much attention, owing to limited research work in the field. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine taste alteration in OSMF patients.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 200 participants, both males and females with the age range of 20 years to 55 years, were included in the study. Four basic tastants (i.e., sweet, salt, sour, and bitter) were prepared as follows: sucrose for sweet (0.1–1.0 mol/l), sodium chloride for salty (0.01–1.0 mol/l), citric acid for sour (0.320–0.032 mol/l), and quinine sulfate for bitter (0.01–1.0 mol/l) and full mouth rinse test was performed for a complete taste response examination, after which punch biopsy was taken from buccal mucosa to determine histopathological staging. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by the Pearson Chi-square test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The overall results suggested that there was a significant alteration of taste. The sweet taste was altered followed by salty and bitter was least affected.

Conclusion:

The study points out at the significance of alteration in taste perception is OSMF patients related to sweet, salt, sour, and bitter taste by using physiological stimuli tastants.
Cadaveric Study on Variations in the Source and Level of Origin of Superior Thyroid Artery
Authors: Shyamala B. Y. , Akhilandeswari B.
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Superior thyroid artery (STA) is one of the branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) which supplies the upper larynx, neck, and thyroid gland. The anatomic features of this artery and its relation to neighboring bony landmarks are important in surgical approaches. The primary objective is to find the source of origin of STA. Secondary objective is to find the level of origin of STA with reference to the origin of ECA and midpoint of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage.

Material and Methods:

The present study was carried out on 60 hemi necks obtained from human adult cadavers from Anatomy Department, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka. The dissection was carried out according to instructions of Cunningham's practical manual. The origin and branching pattern of the STA were noted and measured.

Results:

The STA arose from the common carotid artery in 5% (3) cases and from the ECA in 95% (57). Among the 95% cases, 46.7% (28) arose at the origin of ECA, and in 1.7% (1) case, STA arose as a common trunk with lingual and facial arteries. The mean distance between the point of origin of STA and the point of origin of ECA is 5.4 ± 5.3 mm. The mean distance between the point of origin of STA and superior border of thyroid cartilage is 40 ± 7.6 mm.

Discussion and Conclusion:

The origin of STA from carotid bifurcation ranged from 1 to 25 mm. Most studies show equal incidence of origin of STA from ECA and carotid bifurcations.
Entire solutions to equations of minimal surface type in six dimensions
Authors: Mooney Connor
Published: December 2021

We construct nonlinear entire solutions in

\mathbb{R}^6

to equations of minimal surface type that correspond to parametric elliptic functionals.
Cyclic cocycles in the spectral action
Authors: van Nuland Teun D. H. , van Suijlekom Walter D.
Published: December 2021

We show that the spectral action, when perturbed by a gauge potential, can be written as a series of Chern–Simons actions and Yang–Mills actions of all orders. In the odd orders, generalized Chern–Simons forms are integrated against an odd

(b,B)

-cocycle, whereas, in the even orders, powers of the curvature are integrated against

(b,B)

-cocycles that are Hochschild cocycles as well. In both cases, the Hochschild cochains are derived from the Taylor series expansion of the spectral action

\operatorname{Tr}(f(D+V))

in powers of

V=\pi_D(A)

, but unlike the Taylor expansion we expand in increasing order of the forms in

A

. This extends the work of Connes and Chamseddine (2006), which computes only the scale-invariant part of the spectral action, works in dimension at most 4, and assumes the vanishing tadpole hypothesis. In our situation, we obtain a truly infinite odd

(b,B)

-cocycle. The analysis involved draws from recent results in multiple operator integration, which also allows us to give conditions under which this cocycle is entire, and under which our expansion is absolutely convergent. As a consequence of our expansion and of the gauge invariance of the spectral action, we show that the odd

(b,B)

-cocycle pairs trivially with

K_1

.
Contemporary issues in fisheries and aquaculture: a review on non – conventional feed ingredients for fish feed in Nigeria
Authors: Audu R. , Yola I.A.
Published: December 2021

In Africa, Nigeria offers the largest market for fisheries products. Fish culture is gaining importance in Nigeria as locally available raw materials such as yam, plantain, banana, cowpeas, mucuna, maize, cassava, millet, sorghum, groundnut, sunhemp seed and brewery wastes are considered as potential materials for fish feed. Non–conventional feeds are locally available feedstuff which are not standardized and the usage is not widely-spread. In most cases, they are not consumed by man. Sadly, Nigerian economy had depended on imported feedstuffs to supplement the domestic conventional feedstuffs, however, the country is currently looking into a way of improving local feedstuffs production to minimize importation. In Fisheries and Aquaculture, there are many contemporary issues but this paper focuses on the use of non–conventional feed ingredients like Typha flour in fish feed. Several parts of Typha are edible including the rhizome. Research has shown that the plant is rich in energy, carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and water. The competition for the conventional feed ingredients for human and animal consumption has resulted in significant price escalations hence the need for on-going research on alternativeingredients for use in aquafeed. Thus, great attention is given to the production of effective and cheap feed that will benefit fish farmers in Africa because fish feed is very important. Despite the fact that several studies have been done in Nigeria to replace fishmeal with other proteins of plant & animal origin but the results have been range from poor to very good in terms of fish growth and fish conversion efficiency.
Resettlement pattern model of internally displaced persons due to insurgency
Authors: Luka B. , Tahir A.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the derivation and analysis of a model is considered for resettlement pattern of internally displaced persons due to insurgency. In the derived model, a number of homeless people at some initial time after the insurgency attack are considered. The flow of the population to a temporary state until their final resettlement  is analyzed. The analytic solution for the stability analysis is obtained using Routh Harwitz Criterion and the behavior of the model is obtained numerically, using MATLAB R2010a. The result obtained indicates that majority of displaced persons get resettled after a long period of time.
Field accumulation and translocation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from industrial soil by the biodiesel plant, Jatropha curcas
Authors: Abdullahi Z. , Abdulrahman A.A.
Published: December 2021

Samples of Jatropha curcas, a non-edible biodiesel plant, which tolerates harsh environments was collected from an industrial area with high anthropogenic activities (Challawa Industrial area, Kano, Nigeria)and sorted into leaves, stems and roots. The aim is to assess the potentials of Jatropha curcas in accumulation and translocation of six Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) from the soil media. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was used to assess the concentrations. The bioaccumulation/ transfer of metals from roots to shoots and from soil to roots were evaluated in terms of translocation (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF). TF values of 1.02, 4.92, 2.68, 3.73, 1.5 and 3.19 for Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni respectively indicate that J. curcas was efficient in translocation of PTEs from roots to shoots. This is an indication that the plant is therefore suitable for phytoextraction of Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni. But CF value of 0.66 and 0.70 for Cu and Pb on the other hand shows that J. curcas is less able to translocate these two metals (Cu and Pb) indicating ineffective transfer. This show that J. curcas may be suitable a candidate for phytostabilization of Copper and lead in contaminated soils in the study area.
Towarzystwa naukowe a uniwersytety na łamach Rocznika Kasy im. Mianowskiego „Nauka Polska, Jej potrzeby, Organizacja i Rozwój” (1918–1947)
Authors: Jeszke Jaromir
Published: December 2021

Scientific Societies and Universities in the Yearbook of Józef Mianowski Fund “Polish Science. Its Needs, Organization and Development” (1918–1947)

The author analyzes the relations between scientific societies and universities in Poland in the interwar period. The source material is the Yearbook “Polish Science. Its Needs, Organization, and Development” published by the Józef Mianowski Fund in the years 1918–1947. An investigation of the relationships between scientific societies and universities offers excellent opportunities for interpreting the scientific activity in the Second Polish Republic. The connections between scientific societies and universities involved the centers for propelling scientific thought, where university chairs or scientific society committees played the leading role. Sometimes the works of non-university experts were important. The analysis of the material collected in the “Polish Science” also points to many other professional organizations (associations of professors, associate professors, or assistants). Many universities had societies supporting them. Gaining social support for universities was extremely important at the time.
Gazownictwo miejskie na terenie województwa poznańskiego w okresie międzywojennym
Authors: Urbaniak Miron
Published: December 2021

Municipal Gasworks in the Poznań Province during the Interwar Period

Established in 1919, the Poznań Province covered almost entirely the former Prussian Poznań Province (Provinz Posen) and initially comprised 118 cities, which decreased to 101 in 1938. On the eve of World War I, as many as 80 out of 129 cities had gas in Provinz Posen, and nearly 1/4 of them were supplied with gas from miniature gasoline gas plants. In the wake of World War I and immediately after its end, most small gasoline plants and numerous coal gas plants were shut down and eventually permanently closed down. In total, almost all gasoline and one acetylene gas plant (19 in total), as well as five coal plants, went bankrupt in the Interwar period. Of the latter type, there was a plant in Czempiń, which was shut down only around 1938, after the town was electrified. Ujście is another addition to the list, as it ceased to supply gas from Schneidemühl (Piła) in the mid-1930s. Ultimately, in 1939, gas was used in 43 out of 101 cities in the Province, which was also due to the fact that some of the gas-supplied cities had been moved to the Pomeranian Province a year before. In the Interwar period, several key factors influencing the gasworks in Greater Poland can be observed: the aforementioned liquidation of many gas plants and the transition from gas to electricity in many cities; reconstruction and relaunching of some coal gas plants; and – finally – modernization, combined with optimization of technological processes and expansion of existing gas plants. In the case of several cities, i.e. Międzychód, Nakło nad Notecią and Strzelno, the problem of communalization of plants owned by private German companies should also be noted, as well as Polish-German cooperation in terms of gas supply to the Polish Ujście gas plant from Schneidemühl (Piła).
Polemiki i refleksje
Authors: Czyż Lidia Maria , Ślusarczyk Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Lidia Maria Czyż, Polemika dotycząca artykułu Wyposażenie „PRL-owskiej” izby recepturowej ze zbiorów Muzeum Okręgowego im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Genius loci czy suma przypadków?

Wojciech Ślusarczyk, Odpowiedź na polemikę dotyczącą artykułu Wyposażenie „PRL-owskiej” izby recepturowej ze zbiorów Muzeum Okręgowego im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Genius loci czy suma przypadków?
Wybrane doliny i żleby polskiej części Tatr Zachodnich w perspektywach językoznawczej i geomorfologicznej
Authors: Jurczyńska-Kłosok Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Chosen valleys and couloirs of the Polish part of the Western Tatra Mountains from the perspective of linguistics and geomorphology

The purpose of this article is an interpretation of 145 names of chosen valleys and couloirs of the Polish part of the Western Tatra Mountains. There are solely oronyms, which consist of two main components – valley or couloir and other lexemes that show various characteristics of their designations. The study has shown that the information on the topographic nature of an object that recorded in its name is sometimes not compatible with the given geographic term that assigned to the object. This problem can be shown on the example of names excerpted from the publication Rzeźba Tatr Polskich (1988) by Klimaszewski. These oronyms were compared with names excerpted from the monograph Polskie Tatry Zachodnie (1996) by Kunicki and Szczerba. The objective has been achieved using the classification of toponyms by Kornaszewski (1986) that shows how to discern the motivational meaning of toponyms.

Zarys treści: Informacja o charakterze topograficznym danego obiektu utrwalona w jego nazwie nie zawsze jest zbieżna z określeniem, jakie można by mu przypisać, patrząc nań geomorfologicznego punktu widzenia. W celu unaocznienia tego problemu oraz podjęcia próby odpowiedzi na pytanie dotyczące powodu nieprzystawalności toponimu do typu danej formy terenu poddano interpretacji ponad 145 wybranych nazw dolin i żlebów polskiej części Tatr Zachodnich. Onimy wynotowano z pracy Klimaszewskiego pt. Rzeźba Tatr Polskich (1988) i zestawiono z nazwami zawartymi w monografii Polskie Tatry Zachodnie (1996) autorstwa Kunickiego i Szczerby, które dotyczą tych samych desygnatów. Obserwacji poddano wyłącznie te nazwy, których podstawą członów określanych są apelatywy dolina i żleb. Inspiracją klasyfikacji przyjętej w niniejszym artykule jest propozycja Kornaszewskiego (1986) umożliwiająca dostrzeżenie w każdej z nazw motywacji semantycznej leżącej u podstaw procesu nazwotwórczego. Słowa kluczowe: formy terenu, dolina, żleb, motywacja nazewnicza, Tatry Zachodnie
Polska telewizja programowa po konwersji cyfrowej
Authors: Mielczarek Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Polish Program Television After Digital Conversion

The aim of this article is to analyze the basic transformations that have taken place in Polish television after the digital conversion. The article is of a synthetic and review character; it uses an informative-descriptive method. The author believes that the decommissioning of analogue TV transmitters in Poland has accelerated the reconfiguration of the broadcasting market and its programming. This process was intensified by changes in the methods of social communication, which often took on a network character. Referring to sociological research, the author believes that watching television depends on various demographic characteristics but mainly on age. Young viewers primarily use streaming platforms. They watch not only television series and feature films made by professionals but also amateur works available (e.g. YouTube). Older viewers prefer linear programming. They pay attention especially to television sagas and news programs, and their needs are probably best met by state television. Broadcasters try to remain in business in two ways. First of all, they expand their offer and introduce to the market more and more specialized programs addressed to the ever narrowing groups of recipients. Secondly, they launch their own streaming platforms to try to attract new viewers.

STRESZCZENIE

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najważniejszych zjawisk, które wystąpiły w ostatnich latach w polskiej telewizji programowej. Artykuł ma charakter syntetyczny i prze­glądowy; wykorzystuje metodę informacyjno-opisową. Autor uważa, że likwidacja analogo­wych nadajników telewizyjnych w Polsce przyspieszyła rekonfigurację rynku nadawców i ich oferty programowej. Proces ten zintensyfikowały zmiany sposobów komunikacji społecznej, która coraz częściej przybierała charakter sieciowy. Odwołując się do badań socjologicznych, Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że oglądanie telewizji uzależnione jest od różnorodnych cech demograficznych, ale głównie od wieku. Młodzi widzowie korzystają przede wszystkim z platform strumieniowych. Oglądają nie tylko wykonane przez profesjonalistów seriale i filmy fabularne, ale też twórczość amatorską oferowaną np. przez YouTube. Starsi widzo­wie preferują linearną telewizję programową. Zwracają uwagę zwłaszcza na telewizyjne sagi i programy informacyjne, a ich potrzeby bodaj najlepiej zaspokaja telewizja państwowa. Nadawcy próbują utrzymać się na rynku na dwa sposoby. Po pierwsze multiplikują ofertę i wprowadzają na rynek coraz bardziej wyspecjalizowane programy adresowane do coraz węższych grup odbiorców. Po drugie uruchamiają własne platformy strumieniowe, próbując w ten sposób pozyskać nowych widzów.
Autonomiczni Nacjonaliści . Próba zewnątrz- i wewnątrzsystemowej charakterystyki subkultury politycznej reprezentującej nowy typ nacjonalizmu
Authors: Pielużek Marcin
Published: December 2021

Autonomous Nationalists. An Attempt of the Extra- and Intra-Systemic Characteristic of the Political Subculture Representing a New Type of Nationalism

The main aim of the article is to portray a new far-right phenomenon of Autonomous Nationalists political subculture. The groups established in early 2000s are characterised on one hand by a subcultural organisational form modelled on the Antifa anarchist movement. On the other hand, they exemplify typical postmodernist „liquid ideologies”, in which the extreme right postulates are combined with a new formula of a internationalist, “non-chau­vinist” nationalism and left-wing optics. The article consists of two parts. The first presents the extra-systemic optics – an attempt to describe this milieu and locate it in the nationalist ideological spectrum was made based on the available scientific sources. The second part attempts to capture the self-definition of Autonomous Nationalists in their media and iden­tify the key values for this milieu. This part employs quantitative and qualitative analyses carried out with the use of corpus linguistics tools and techniques. The research material consisted of ideological texts published on the Autonom.pl website, the leading information platform of these circles. The article is intended to promote media research of subcultural groups and groups operating on the periphery of the political system.

STRESZCZENIE

Głównym celem artykułu jest próba charakterystyki nowego zjawiska obecnego na skrajnie prawicowej scenie politycznej, jakim jest subkultura polityczna Autonomicznych Nacjonalistów. Powstałe w pierwszej dekadzie XXI w. grupy cechuje z jednej strony subkulturowa forma organizacyjna, wzorowana na anarchistycznych bojówkach Antifa, z drugiej stanowią one egzemplifikację typowej dla postmodernizmu „płynnej ideologii”, w ramach której łączone są typowe dla skrajnej prawicy postulaty z nową formułą internacjonalistycznego, „nieszowinistycznego” nacjonalizmu i lewicową optyką. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej zaprezentowano optykę zewnątrzsystemową, w której podjęto próbę opisania tego środowiska i ulokowania go w nacjonalistycznym spektrum ideologicznym w oparciu o dostępne źródła naukowe. Druga część stanowi próbę uchwycenia autodefiniowania się polskich Autonomicznych Nacjonalistów w swoich mediach oraz identyfikacji kluczowych dla tego środowiska wartości. W tej części wykorzystano ilościowo-jakościowe analizy reali­zowane z wykorzystaniem narzędzi i technik lingwistyki korpusowej. Jako materiał badawczy zostały wybrane teksty ideologiczne opublikowane na stronie Autonom.pl pełniącej funkcję głównej tuby propagandowej tych środowisk. Artykuł stanowi wkład w badania mediów grup subkulturowych i funkcjonujących na peryferiach systemu politycznego.
Zmiany sieci pozamiejskiego publicznego transportu autobusowego w Bieszczadach i Beskidzie Niskim – ujęcie topologiczne
Authors: Ciechański Ariel
Published: December 2021

W artykule autor powraca do klasycznych niegdyś w geografii transportu metod grafowych. Wykorzystując podstawowe wskaźniki, takie jak liczba cyklomatyczna μ, wskaźnik α Kansky’ego, wskaźnik γ Kansky’ego i wskaźnik Gns opracowany przez A. Ciechańskiego analizuje zmiany sieci pozamiejskiego autobusowego publicznego transportu zbiorowego na obszarze Beskidu Niskiego i Bieszczad. Testuje też wskaźnik Gns dla bardziej rozbudowanych grafów o skomplikowanej strukturze, w tym również często z bardzo licznymi izolowanymi wierzchołkami. Niestety w przeciwieństwie do prostych i niespójnych sieci transportowych, dla których został on skonstruowany, w przypadku dużych sieci transportowych, zawierających liczne cykle jego czułość wykazuje znacznie gorszy poziom, a otrzymane wyniki są znacznie mniej jednoznaczne niż w przypadku gdy izolowane podgrafy są mniej liczne, za to o bardziej rozbudowanej strukturze. Słowa kluczowe: metody grafowe, wskaźnik Gns, zmiany sieci pozamiejskiego publicznego transportu zbiorowego, Beskid Niski, Bieszczady

Changes in the network of the non-urban public bus transport in Bieszczady and Beskid Niski mountains – a topological approach

In the article, the author returns to the graph methods which were once classic in the transport geography. Using basic indicators such as the cyclomatic number μ, the α Kansky index, the γ Kansky index and the Gns index developed by A. Ciechański, he analyzes the changes in the network of non-urban public bus transport in the area of the Beskid Niski and the Bieszczady Mountains. He also tests the Gns indicator for more complex graphs with a complicated structure, including often very numerous isolated vertices. Unfortunately, unlike the simple and inconsistent transport networks for which it was created, in the case of large transport networks containing many cycles its sensitivity shows a much worse level and the obtained results are much less unambiguous than in the case when the isolated subgraphs are less numerous, but with the more elaborate structure.
Incremento del índice de pobreza en entornos rurales por pandemia del COVID-19 en Ecuador durante el año 2020
Authors: Laz-Argandoña James , Tuarez-Rendon María Melania , Chiriboga-Mendoza Fidel
Published: December 2021

Con la llegada del Covid-19 a América latina y a los países en vías de desarrollo tales como Ecuador, mismo que cuenta con un sistema de salud frágil, así también como una economía inestable atada a la deuda externa, e igual forma con la presencia del creciente índice de pobreza en zonas rurales, el sector productivo con más consecuencias negativas y por ende el más afectado es el turístico, que en el país abarca gran parte de las zonas rurales consideradas vulnerables, consecuentemente a raíz de esta problemática se estiman pérdidas millonarias en un futuro próximo, perdidas que se agravaran o solventaran en el mejor de los casos dependiendo de las medidas que decida adoptar el gobierno para aplacar la emergencia sanitaria a la vez que garantizan el bienestar de la población, así también como de su eficacia para hacerle frente a la pandemia que se encuentra en pleno apogeo.

Palabras claves: pobreza, entorno rural, Covid-19, sector productivo.
Smart Label with Color Indicator Made of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) on The Bottle Packaging of Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan , Ramadhan Desita Wirda
Published: December 2021

Smart label has made it possible to monitor and communicate information about the quality of packaged foods. Smart label is immobilized with natural dyes that are sensitive to changes in pH, namely anthocyanins. The product used in this research is pasteurized milk. The pH quality of milk will affect the storage temperature. The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype smart label of purple sweet potato’s anthocyanin extract and to determine the feasibility of a smart label on the packaging as an indicator of milk freshness. Purple sweet potato extract was obtained by the maceration method using 96% ethanol and aquadest, which was acidified with acetic acid. The anthocyanin extract had a pH value of 5.60 ± 0.015 and an anthocyanin value of 70,163 ± 0.889 mg/100 g. The smart label shows milk freshness indicated by the changes in color. While a purple color indicates fresh milk, a faded purple color indicates that the milk is fairly fresh, and a reddish-purple smart label indicates the milk is not fresh. At room temperature storage, stale milk at 12 hours has a pH value of 5.84 ± 0.022 and a total microbe of 5.81 log10 or 6.5 x 105. In cold storage, stale milk on day 6 has a pH value of 5.92 ± 0.017 and a total microbe of 6.08 log10 or 1.2 x 106. The results of the feasibility of smart labels on pH stability indicate color changes in both acidic and alkaline conditions, but more stability is evident in acidic conditions.
Comparative Study of Sensory Attributes of Leafy Green Vegetables Grown Under Organic and Conventional Management
Authors: Dhakal Kripa , Ravi Ramasamy , Nandwani Dilip
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out to compare the sensory qualities of leafy green vegetables (collard, kale, lettuce and swiss chard) grown under organic and conventional production systems. Four leafy greens were produced on an organically and conventionally managed research farm of Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN in Spring 2019 and 2020. Crops in a conventional field were grown in the open field, whereas in organic field crops were grown in the open and under three different row covers (agribon cloth, insect net and plastic). Row covers in organic systems were used to protect crops from insect damage. Plant samples were collected from all the treatments and evaluated for sensory qualities including color, texture, taste, odor and flavor following two approaches i.e., instrumental and via consumer panel perception. Consumer panel perception results showed minor differences in the sensory qualities between organic and inorganically produced leafy greens. Instrumental methods showed no differences in color parameters of kale, lettuce and swiss chard grown under organic and conventional production systems. In collard, the lightness (L*), b* (yellow-blue axis), brightness (Y) and chroma (C) values were higher in conventional, while hue angle was higher in organic (open). There were no differences in instrumental textural values of organically and conventionally grown leafy greens. Among row covers, the textural value of collard and kale was higher in open relative to row covers. The content of main quality contributors 1-Hexanol was higher in conventionally grown collard compared to organic (open). Aldehyde compound was higher in organically grown kale and trans-hex-2-enyl-acetate (Ester) compound was higher in conventionally grown kale. Monoterpenes were higher in organic lettuce and ketones were higher in conventionally grown lettuce. Overall, there were not many differences in the sensory qualities of leafy greens grown under organic and conventional production systems. Further comparative studies between organic and conventional systems on sensory qualities of leafy greens are needed.
Urban Futures
Authors: Dixon Timothy J. , Tewdwr-Jones Mark
Published: December 2021

City visions represent shared, and often desirable, expectations about our urban futures. This book explores the history and evolution of city visions, placing them in the wider context of art, culture, science, foresight and urban theory.
Police-Community Relations in Times of Crisis
Authors: Deuchar Ross , Crichlow Vaughn J. , Fallik Seth W.
Published: December 2021

The deaths of Michael Brown and George Floyd at the hands of white police officers have uncovered an apparent legitimacy crisis at the heart of American policing. Drawing on interviews with officers, offenders, practitioners and community members, this book explores policing changes in the 'post-Ferguson' era and informs future policing practice.
Grand Strategy in 10 Words
Authors: Biscop Sven
Published: December 2021

This book introduces ten key terms for analysing grand strategy and shows how the world's great powers - the United States, China, Russia and the European Union (EU) - shape their strategic decisions today and shows how the choices made will determine the course of world politics in the first half of the 21st century.
Sustainable Hedonism
Authors: Lelkes Orsolya
Published: December 2021

Drawing on modern science and ancient Greek philosophy, this book calls to explore our collective and personal convictions about success and good life. It challenges the mainstream worldview, rooted in economics, that equates happiness with pleasure, and encourages greed, materialism, egoism and disconnection.
Letter from the Editor: Special Issue on the 2021 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award
Authors: Mezias John
Published: December 2021

Since 2013, AIB Insights has dedicated an issue to finalists for the prestigious Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award. For the ninth consecutive year, we proudly feature articles by the 2021 award finalists summarizing insights from their cutting-edge dissertation research.
PRERADA TUĐE STVARI U DOMAĆEM POZITIVNOM PRAVU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Planojević Nina
Published: December 2021

Before the accession to European Union, Serbia must regulate the entire field of property law in order to meet the harmonization of the European law with an adequate national legislation. In this process the priority should be given to regulating the institutes which are not comprehensively regulated in the positive law, that is which have a lot of legal gaps that are difficult to fill in, such is the institute of obtaining the property by transforming a thing belonging to another person without his consent, especially by using his materials to form a new object, becoming the proprietor of the same (specificatio). In the first three parts of the paper, the author introduces to the readers the methods for acquiring the property in this way, the possibility of returning the transformed object to the original state and the possible criteria for discussing the relationship between the person who performs the alteration and the owner of the material. In the next two parts, the author presents and analyses the national provisions regulating this matter with the critical overview of the following situations: when only one party is a conscientious participant and when both parties in the alteration are conscientious or not conscientious participants. In the concluding remarks, the author formulates her own suggestions how these provisions should be regulated in future.
TRI ATIPIČNA PRAVA REALNOG OBEZBEĐENjA POTRAŽIVANjA U SRPSKOM I U „MEKOM“ PRAVU EVROPSKE UNIJE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Pavićević Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

By using a comparative and axiological method, the author analyzes three specific civil law institutes, locating their similarities and differences: the right of retaining possession; the right of retained property, ie. pactum reservati dominii (as institutes that exist in domestic Law on obligations); and fiduciary transfer of property (which is not regulated in domestic positive law). The subject of consideration in the paper are: the concept; properties; establishment conditions; functions; similarities and differences among these three security rights in rem, first in domestic law, and then in the law of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to formulate an answer to the question of the justification of the existence of these institutes in the future Serbian law, with their previous delimitation; as well as the degree of harmonization of domestic positive law and two drafts of potential future Serbian civil law with EU law. The author estimates that these three institutes are significantly different, and in many ways useful for Serbian law de lege ferenda, and they should coexist, so author advocate the formal introduction of fiduciary transfer of property for security purposes in Serbian law, which would expand the range of domestic security rights in rem, which is in line with the solution of the DCFR, ie. EU “soft” law, that the domestic solution needs to be harmonized with.
NUTRI SCORE: PROŠIRENO OZNAČAVANjENUTRITIVNE VREDNOSTI HRANE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Lučić Sonja
Published: December 2021

EU Regulation no. 1169/2011 contains rules for informing consumers, thus giving them access to basic information, such as a declaration of the nutritional value of the product or a list of ingredients. In order to facilitate the understanding of this information, other forms of expression and presentation or voluntary information may be provided, in addition to the mandatory nutrition declaration in accordance with Articles 35 to 37 of this Regulation. In that sense, the French Ministry of Health has created the „Nutri Score“ label. „Nutri Score“ is a system for marking the nutritional profile of food on the front of the packaging with the letters and colors of traffic lights. Although this logo has been used for years in some EU member states, such as France, Belgium and Spain, the preconditions for the legal use of this model of nutrition labeling were first created in Germany with the adoption of the Regulation on Amendments to Food Information. The paper will first provide an overview of the functioning of the „Nutri Score“ label. In the continuation of the paper, the author will deal with various legal issues - especially the issues of application of trademarks and regulations on fair trade.
EKONOMSKA NEJEDNAKOST U VREME PANDEMIJE
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Todorović Nada
Published: December 2021

In this paper the author presents the overview of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the global economic trends with the focus on the economic inequalities. The Covid-19 pandemic that has caused the global recession, has also brought to the surface the issue of global inequalities, particularly exposing the economic inequalities. The Kuznets curve, a scientific achievement in the field of economics, as originally formulated suggests that the level of inequality is low when an economy’s income is at low level, that is, the income inequality increases with economic development and then tends to decline when the country attains a higher income level. However, the sustainability of Kuznets curve is questioned today in the current circumstances of global information society struck by pandemic. Modern economic literature views the contemporary growth of inequality in wealthy countries, as well as in developing countries, through the prism of Kuznets cycles or waves. The growing trend in global inequalities may threaten the attained level of economic growth and scientific and technological progress.
DA LI SE LIDERI RAĐAJU ILI SU NAUČENI DA BUDU LIDERI?
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Labudović Stanković Jasmina
Published: December 2021

For many researchers involved in leadership, there has long been a dilemma: whether leaders are born, or whether individuals can learn to be leaders? The author of this paper also deals with these issues. Through a concise presentation of the most important theories of leadership, the author sought to determine why the dilemmas existed. He concludes that leadership is learned, which stems from many theories of leadership, but also practice, because much of the knowledge gained through the study of leadership has been used to train leaders, for their development and advancement. In addition, the views of geneticists indicate that regardless of the influence of genes, the environment has a dominant influence on the formation of personality. Genes only indicate a predisposition for someone to be a leader, and whether they will be a leader, depends on how much he is motivated by factors from the external environment.
SCIENCE PERFORMANCE AND SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE OF GRADE 9 LEARNERS
Authors: Mingoa Jennelyn I. , Abocejo Ferdinand T.
Published: December 2021

This study determined the relationship between scholastic aptitude comprised of reading comprehension, verbal ability, mathematical ability, logical reasoning ability, and visual manipulative skills and Science performance of Grade 9 learners in a privately run basic education institution in Lapu-lapu, Cebu, Philippines during the school year 2015-2016. Descriptive and correlational research designs were carried out to assess the relationship among the identified variables. The study anchored its framework on the Multiple Intelligence Theory and the Primary Mental Abilities Theory. Secondary data on learners’ Science performance, scholastic aptitude and selected demographic profile were considered. Findings revealed a strong association in reading comprehension and Science performance of both sexes between scholar and non-scholar leaners. Moderate direct correlations were noted between learners’ scholastic aptitude pertaining to verbal ability, mathematical ability, logical-reasoning ability and visual manipulative skills, and their science performance. Science performance statistically differed between male and female, and between scholar and non-scholar learners. Female scholar learners performed better than their male non-scholar counterparts in science. In conclusion, scholastic aptitude has bearing on achievement of female scholar learners with respect to their science performance. There is enough evidence to conclude that scholastic aptitude goes hand in hand with science performance. It is imperative then that parents and teachers should work together to develop learners’ scholastic aptitude particularly in reading comprehension to reduce if not eliminate, the sex gap in science performance of learners in the study area.

 Article visualizations:
REE minerály fenitů čistecko-jesenického masivu (Česká republika)
Authors: Tvrdý Jaromír , Dolníček Zdeněk , Ulmanová Jana , Krátký Ondřej , Nekl Michal
Published: December 2021

Alkaline metasomatites (fenites) originated by pervasive Na metasomatism of granitoids of the Čistá-Jesenice Pluton (belonging to the Teplá-Barrandian unit in the NW part of the Bohemian Massif) contain a rich association of REE-bearing minerals. The occurrence of REE carbonates (bastnäsite, parisite), monazite, rhabdophane, churchite, fergusonite and pyrochlore was found in relatively weakly altered rocks (typical fenites), whereas much richer assemblage was observed in rocks which underwent the strongest metasomatism (so called reomorphic cancrinite-nepheline syenites). Here, the mineral assemblage includes in addition to all above mentioned minerals also xenotime and REE silicates, including tritomite/melanocerite, allanite, perbøeite, gadolinite and a Mn-analogue of hingganite. A common mineral phase is zircon in these rocks, too. Cerium, yttrium, and to lesser extent also lanthanum are dominating cations in the studied REE phases. A total of 24 mineral species was identified, including three unnamed phases. In most of the studied phases, the level of fractionation of REEs is high, exceptionally even extreme. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of some phases are characterized by a pronounced M-type tetrad effect. The results of microprobe analyses suggest that individual minerals originated during several episodes, characterized by different chemical composition of the mineral-forming medium (especially with contrasting concentrations of strong REE-complexing ligands and oxygen fugacity) and/or temperature. We did not find any significant differences in chemistry of individual minerals present in various rock types showing different levels of metasomatic alteration. The obtained data are consistent with hydrothermal origin of most (if not all) reported REE-bearing phases. The material source and genesis of the studied REE+Nb+Zr mineralization was in all probability associated with hydrothermal activity in the exocontact of a deep-seated hypothetical carbonatite intrusion, as was suggested already in earlier works dealing with these remarkable rocks.