bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the History of the Formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee in the British House of Commons
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Nikitin Dmitry S.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this article is to study the history of the formation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee (IPC) in the British House of Commons in 1893. To achieve this aim, the following objectives are envisaged: determination of reasons for establishing the IPC; analysis of the activities of the Indian National Congress and British liberals; analysis of the election campaign of Dadabhai Naoroji, which enabled him to get a seat in the House of Commons in 1892. The sources of the study are the pamphlets of the Indian National Congress members, which explain the need for Indian representatives to participate in the British Parliament; records of parliamentary hearings on the Indian issue; materials of the press describing the course of the election campaign of 1892 and the tasks of the Indian Committee in Parliament. In the course of the study, the author came to the following conclusions. The moderate branch in the Indian liberation movement considered the British Rule in India to be a progressive phenomenon in the Indian life. The defects of the British administration were due to the fact that the English people and Parliament did not understand the problems that the Indian population faced under the British Rule. The Parliamentary Committee dealing exclusively with the Indian issue could contribute to solving this problem. The main conductor of this idea in India was the National Congress, which, since its inception, began work on the formation of the IPC. In the late 1880s, an Indian political agency, which intensified attempts to organize an Indian committee in Parliament, was established in London. The interests of the Indians in the House of Commons at that time were defended by the Liberal MP Charles Bradlaugh. On the basis of the proposals of the National Congress, he prepared a bill on Indian councils, which came into force in 1892. Nevertheless, the creation of the Indian Parliamentary Committee became possible only in 1893, when Dadabhai Naoroji and William Wadderburn (founders of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress) were elected to the House of Commons as Liberal MPs. In general, the creation of the IPC was a progressive step in the development of the Indian liberation movement because the IPC gave the moderate nationalists and their British liberal supporters new tools of fighting for the rights of Indian subjects of the British Empire. The appearance of supporters of Indian reforms in Parliament was the evidence of the success of the IPC’s course of expanding political agitation in England, although it did not guarantee significant achievements in solving of the Indian question.
Such a Different Truth: The Memory of World War II in the 1970s Documentaries
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation), Potapova Natalia D.
Published: June 2021

In memory studies carried out on the material of Germany, several basic strategies were noted for how society survived the war and dealt with the traumatic experiences; the post-war escape and forgetting were replaced by the glorification of the past. According to Aleida Assmann, the protests of 1968 showed that the heroic memorial project was not effective and the society was still ready for violence. The “ethical turn” in Germany was associated with the transition to a policy of repentance, with the idea of a “common catastrophe”, with a willingness to share responsibility for violence and solidarity based on compassion for a common sorrow. The aim of this article is to determine how relevant the patterns Assman sees analyzing the experience of Germany were for other countries. Can we say that the experience of trauma processing was universal? How do the social structure, cultural heritage, the peculiarities of military operations, the political situation influence the nature of commemoration? The article uses methods of narrative analysis in film studies and viewer reception analysis to analyze, based on the techniques of contextualization, how the film was entangled in changing the social structure and national political culture. The research is based on the case study approach. I examine the case of one documentary film: analyze the materials of public discussion, interviews with the creators, reviews of film critics, and published viewer reviews. I argue how the discussion of Marcel Ophuls’ film The Sorrow and the Pity: The Chronicle of a French City under the Occupation (Le Chagrin et la pitié: chronique d’une ville française sous l’occupation, 1969) changed the way we talk about war affecting professional historiography, public policy, public opinion. People discussed the traumatic experience of the war seen through the eyes of civilians, whose memory of the bombing of cities, the rape of women, forced deportation, hunger, speculation, and other wartime crimes became the object of public discussion, the borders between “us” and “them” lost their national identity, and resistance to fascism lost its features of a united frontier brotherhood. The film showed that the prejudices that split French society during the war did not lose their effect. It was prejudices, not propaganda, that possessed a powerful mobilizing force, pushing people to violence. The creative experiments of the left-wing documentary filmmakers aimed to show that film and television could turn from an instrument of domination and suppression into an instrument of research on social reality and a form of political interaction. France was supposed to see “public opinion” in realism (cinéma vérité), not in the format of elite-controlled news. Marcel Ophuls made the film about the inconsistency of the French Fifth Republic.
The Speech Portrait of Russian-Speaking Schoolchildren in Latvia
Authors:   University of Latvia (Riga, Latvia), Gavrilina Margarita A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents an attempt of analyzing and summarizing the experience the author acquired over a number of years and which is connected with the problems of the Russian (L1, native) language acquisition by schoolchildren in Latvia. The author aims to describe the speech portrait of Russian-speaking schoolchildren in Latvia. The material presented in the article is based on the results of the author’s long-term research. It includes: 1) Russian language textbooks (grades 4–9) development, testing and monitoring, 2007–2019; 2) project work which has been and still is focused on the analysis of Russian speech quality among university students and schoolchildren, 2008–2019; 3) research into the quality of writing skills of university students in Latvia (University of Latvia and RISEBA), 2013–2019; 4) the author’s scholarly and methodological dialogue with the teachers of Russian in Latvia for more than twenty years. The author mainly focuses on several problems. Firstly, it is the analysis of the oral speech of schoolchildren and of the Russian verbal environment whose developing potential is not high enough for the successful development of a child’s language personality. The natural Russian verbal environment (media language, everyday speech) often offers low-quality material. Secondly, the author carries out a special study of the quality of schoolchildren’s writing skills as, according to scholars, it is written language, due to its specificity, that most vividly indicates the development of a language personality. Taking into account the results of the research, the author points out that there are many serious problems in the verbal behavior of most Russian-speaking schoolchildren. One of them is departures from linguistic norms at all linguistic system levels. The nature of these departures depends directly on the model of bilingual education that is implemented at schools children attend. The author pays attention to the problem areas of the schoolchildren’s written language: 1) breaking of the spelling and punctuation rules of Russian; 2) confusion in speech of words and collocations belonging to different styles, lack of sense of style; 3) quality of written texts created by schoolchildren: problems with text structure; schoolchildren more often use explicit “I-communication” (reflective statements, texts with egocentric perspective), have a rather limited vocabulary; schoolchildren’s essays contain very few intertextual inclusions, as a result, their texts seem very poor semantically; schoolchildren have no desire to express emotions in their writing (rational/pragmatic description of a problem, situation prevails). The author concludes that the development of a diaspora schoolchild’s language personality in L1 (the Russian language) is not successful enough.
Foreign Language Classes in a Pedagogical University: Topical Problems and Possible Solutions
Authors:   Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin (Ryazan, Russian Federation), Kolesnikov Andrei A. ,   Moscow City University (Moscow, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

The article discusses a new strategy of professionally-directed (didactic-oriented) foreign language teaching to students of a language pedagogical university (future teachers of a foreign language). The study analyses the components of the teacher’s methodological (linguodidactic) competence, revealing a number of problems concerning their formation in a pedagogical university, as well as showing the dependence of their development on the intensity of their actualisation in the Foreign Language Practice discipline. The article identifies several factors hindering the formation of the linguodidactic competence within foreign language classes. In order to overcome these negative factors, the article offers a new model of teaching foreign languages, described in the formula “from the acquisition of didactic experience to one’s own educative decisions”. The methodology of this model is based on two interrelated methods: contextual teaching and vocation-focused foreign languages teaching, as well as related methods for organizing productive teaching of a foreign language. The model mentioned above assumes a two-stage implementation. At the first stage, analytical work of students is organized. Its aim is to understand and analyse the teaching practice. An important condition is the modelling of basic structural elements and some procedural features of a school lesson while organising university foreign language classes. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of individualised goal-setting, planning and self-assessment (reflection), demonstration of lexis, grammar and phonetics mastering, of active forms and techniques for organising communicative activities, methodological reflection. At the first stage, university students are also offered some methodological tools (for example, goalsetting maps and maps for academic work planning, etc.), which can be used in teaching foreign languages at school. When organising the educational process, much attention is paid to the awareness of methodological facts, phenomena, patterns. Therefore, a new type of exercises (educational-methodological) has been proposed. In addition to an educational task, these exercises contain a methodological task in form of a short comment, an additional question, etc. At the second stage, there is a transition to the organising of a productive methodologically oriented foreign language activity. Three main methods of methodologically oriented teaching are distinguished: modification of authentic (university) materials for different age groups of schoolchildren, conventional “professional test”, and project educational-methodological activity. In conclusion, the main results of the study are summarised.
Practice-Oriented Technology for the Formation of Professional Competencies of Future Physical Education Teachers
Authors:   Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russian Federation), Cherkasov Vladimir V. , Cherkasova Irina I. ,   D.I. Mendeleev Tobolsk Pedagogical Institute (Branch) of Tyumen State University (Tobolsk, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of testing the practice-oriented technology for the formation of professional competencies of future physical education teachers. Strengthening the practical orientation of modern education is considered by researchers as a key change in the educational space. The greatest difficulty in the process of forming professional competencies is the search for mechanisms for preparing students to implement the requirements of the standard of general education for meta-subject learning results in a specific subject area – physical culture. The aim of the research was to develop and experimentally substantiate a practice-oriented technology for the formation of professional competencies necessary for the implementation of the requirements of the general education standard for students with a major in physical culture. The study was conducted for 2 years, and involved 45 third-year students majoring in physical culture. The research methods were analysis and generalization, independent pedagogical experiment, testing, observation, survey methods, and methods of mathematical statistics. The developed technology is aimed at mastering students’ professional competencies, including the skills of forming students’ universal educational actions in physical education classes. The technology is based on including students in professional tests, bridging the gap between theoretical and practical training, learning and gaining experience on the basis of a step-by-step formation of competencies. The technology includes three modules: 1) goal-setting for individual educational tasks and various didactic cycles; 2) selection and programming of physical education methods; 3) implementation of practical activities. A system for monitoring and evaluating the level of professional competence formation using interactive methods and techniques was developed for each module. During the experiment, problem areas, typical difficulties and students’ mistakes were identified and classified. As a result of the research, a significant increase in the qualitative values of the level of professional competence formation of future physical education teachers has been established. At the same time, the most significant changes in the level of readiness to solve professional tasks have been noted in the third module, in which professional tests were implemented. The results of the research show that the implementation of the practice-oriented training technology (which involves students’ inclusion in professional tests, the use of activity and interactive methods, simulation and design, technology for solving situational problems and cases) has contributed to the formation of the main professional competencies in future physical education teachers.
Coercive Measures of Educational Influence in the Current Development of Legislation in Juvenile Delinquency Prevention
Authors:   West Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Laptev Dmitry B.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the effectiveness of existing criminal legal instruments of educational influence on minors. On the basis of the analysis of strategic planning documents affecting children, changes in criminal and other federal legislation on the basis of the system for the prevention of juvenile neglect and delinquency, it is concluded that the task of bringing the legislation in question in line with international standards has not yet been solved. Criminal legislation in this area is not impeccable and needs to be finalized. Judicial statistics show a low demand for warning as an educational measure. At the same time, criminal legislation does not regulate a specific form of warning and does not answer the question of what negative consequences for a minor may occur if they have not made appropriate conclusions from the declared warning, but have not yet committed a new crime. In addition, the question of the element of coercion in the structure of this measure is raised, and the difficulties of its application are indicated, taking into account the existence in criminal law of rules on the insignificance of the act. It is proposed to remove warning from the list of compulsory measures of educational influence. Based on the analysis of the practice of implementing the obligation to make amends for the harm caused, it is concluded that the coercive element in the structure of this measure is conditional in cases when compensation is paid not by minors themselves, but by their parents. In this part, the measure in question seems ineffective. When considering the provisions governing the transfer of a minor to the surveillance of parents or other persons replacing them, attention is drawn to the absence of the types and limits of surveillance and control clearly defined in the law. In addition, it is concluded that there is a conflict that arises between the rules of criminal procedure law, which provides for negative consequences from failure to comply with the measure imposed on minors, and the provisions of criminal law, according to which the duties are imposed not on the minor, but on third parties. In the light of judicial statistics showing that it is extremely rare for minors to be sentenced to imprisonment for crimes of moderate gravity, the relevance of the provisions of the criminal law providing for the possibility of placing minors who have committed crimes in this category in a special educational facility of a closed type is questioned.
ESTIMATION OF HETEROGENEITY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR VELOCITY FIELD IN ADSORBERS OF FRONT-END PURIFICATION UNITS FOR AIR SEPARATION PLANTS
Authors:   Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh, Russian Federation), Filimonova O.N. , Vorobyov A.A. ,   Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh, Russian Federation), Vikulin A.S. ,   Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force «N.E. Zhukovsky and Yu.A. Gagarin Air Force Academy» (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

Assuming unidirectional motion of compressed atmospheric air through a vertical cylindrical adsorbent with a fixed granular layer of the front-end purification unit adsorbent, the mathematical model for estimating the heterogeneity of a hydrodynamic velocity field in the radial and axial directions in a turbulent regime is proposed. The model is based on the boundary layer approximation of the Darcy – Brinkman – Forchheimer phenomenological equation. The steady-state flow at low permeability of the granular layer is identified using the collocation method, and the approximate analytical solution is obtained which justifies the applicability of an ideal displacement mode when describing the carrier medium motion. Numerical integration of a boundary value problem of the model equation using the finite-difference method with Richardson extrapolation confirms the conclusion validity. The structure of an accelerated turbulent flow having constant flow velocity in the input section shows that for small Forchheimer coefficients, the Darcy – Brinkman equation is used to obtain the analytical ratio for calculating the length of the initial hydrodynamic section. The proposed mathematical model for estimating the heterogeneity of the velocity field in adsorbers with a stationary dispersed layer is applicable for a laminar flow regime. Testing of this approach by assessing velocity field uniformity for a mass-produced front-end purification unit of air separation plants has shown its efficiency.
GEOMETRIC MODELING OF A SHAPE OF PARALLELOGRAM PLATES IN A PROBLEM OF FREE VIBRATIONS USING CONFORMAL RADII
Authors:   Orel State University (Orel, Russian Federation), Chernyaev A.A.
Published: June 2021

The paper considers a method of geometric modeling applied when solving basic twodimensional problems of the theory of elasticity and structural mechanics, in particular the applied problems of engineering. The subject of this study is vibrations of thin elastic parallelogram plates of constant thickness. To determine a basic frequency of vibrations, the interpolation method based on the geometric characteristic of the shape of plates (membrane, cross sections of a rod) is proposed. This characteristic represents a ratio of interior and exterior conformal radii of the plate. As is known from the theory of conformal mappings, conformal radii are those obtained by mapping of a plate onto the interior and exterior of a unit disk. The paper presents basic terms, tables, and formulas related to the considered geometric method with a comparative analysis of the curve diagrams obtained using various interpolation formulas. The original computer program is also developed. The main advantage of the proposed method of determining the basic frequency of plate vibrations is a graphic representation of results that allows one to accurately determine the required solution on the graph among the other solutions corresponding to the considered case of parallelogram plates. Although there are many known approximate approaches, which are used to solve the considered problems, only geometric modeling technique based on the conformal radii ratio gives such an opportunity.
ON LOCAL WEAK τ-DENSITY OF TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan (Tashkent, Uzbekistan), Mukhamadiev F.G. ,   Yeoju Technical Institute in Tashkent (Tashkent, Uzbekistan)
Published: June 2021

A topological space X is locally weakly separable [3] at a point x∈X if x has a weakly separable neighbourhood. A topological space X is locally weakly separable if X is locally weakly separable at every point x∈X. The notion of local weak separability can be generalized for any cardinal τ ≥ℵ0 . A topological space X is locally weakly τ-dense at a point x∈X if τ is the smallest cardinal number such that x has a weak τ-dense neighborhood in X [4]. The local weak density at a point x is denoted as lwd(x). The local weak density of a topological space X is defined in following way: lwd ( X ) = sup{ lwd ( x) : x∈ X } . A topological space X is locally τ-dense at a point x∈X if τ is the smallest cardinal number such that x has a τ-dense neighborhood in X [4]. The local density at a point x is denoted as ld(x). The local density of a topological space X is defined in following way: ld ( X ) = sup{ ld ( x) : x∈ X } . It is known that for any topological space we have ld(X ) ≤ d(X ) . In this paper, we study questions of the local weak τ-density of topological spaces and establish sufficient conditions for the preservation of the property of a local weak τ-density of subsets of topological spaces. It is proved that a subset of a locally τ-dense space is also locally weakly τ-dense if it satisfies at least one of the following conditions: (a) the subset is open in the space; (b) the subset is everywhere dense in space; (c) the subset is canonically closed in space. A proof is given that the sum, intersection, and product of locally weakly τ-dense spaces are also locally weakly τ-dense spaces. And also questions of local τ-density and local weak τ-density are considered in locally compact spaces. It is proved that these two concepts coincide in locally compact spaces.
ELECTRIC PULSE HEATING OF REACTIVE COMPOSITIONS BY THIN-WALLED CONDUCTORS-HEATERS IN THE MODES OF MULTI-POINT IGNITION OF PROPELLANT CHARGES
Authors:   Russian Federal Nuclear Center – All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics (Sarov, Russian Federation), VOLODCHENKOV Sergey I. , GLAZUNOV Anatoliy A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), SINYAEV Sergey V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

The problem of electric pulse heating of a medium by the heater made of metal foil with an ideal thermal contact with the medium is solved. The solution is obtained in the form of rapidly converging series for ohmic heating power, which is given as an arbitrary function of time. Using the obtained solution, a dimensionless criterion is introduced for quasi-homogeneous heating of the heater up to a melting point with intensive heat transfer to environment. It is shown that with a fixed heating duration, the criterion value depends weakly on the type of a heating power function, which allows ignoring parameters of the external electrical circuit of the device while choosing the heater thickness. The definition of a "thin" heater is introduced, which admits of bulk droplet destruction during heating of a reactive medium. In the "thin" heater approximation, quadrature solutions to the thermal problem are obtained under heat exchange according to Newton's law and ideal thermal contact, when the heater power is an arbitrary function of time. Dimensionless similarity parameters of the simulated processes are identified in all solutions, which include thermal and physical characteristics of the heater and medium, as well as the thickness of the heater and the time of its heating up to the melting point. The applicability of the "thin" heater model for calculating the thermal state of a high-energy pyrotechnic coating is shown. As an example, the permissible values of the thickness of the magnesium foil heater are determined, which ensure its uniform heating up to the melting point in 1 and 5 milliseconds under the ideal thermal contact with ignited coating. The obtained quadrature solutions to the thermal problems and the calculated results are applicable in the design of compact electric pulse devices for contact multi-point ignition of various reactive compositions with efficient consumption of electric energy.
LOCALIZATION OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM IN A COMPLEX STRESS STATE UNDER HIGH-SPEED TENSION
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Skripnyak V.V. , Iokhim K.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Skripnyak V.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

In this work, the effect of a triaxiality stress state on the mechanical behavior and fracture of commercially pure titanium VT1-0 (Grade 2) in the range of strain rates from 0.1 to 1000 s−1 is studied. Tensile tests are carried out using a servo-hydraulic testing machine Instron VHS 40 / 50-20 on flat specimens with a constant cross-sectional area and on flat specimens with a notch. To study the effect of the complex stress state on the ultimate deformation before fracture, the samples with the notch of various radii (10, 5, 2.5 mm) are used in the experiments. Phantom V711 is employed for high-speed video registration of specimen’s deformation. Deformation fields in a working part of the sample are investigated by the digital image correlation method. It is shown that the effect of the strain rate on the ultimate deformations before fracture has a nonmonotonic behavior. An analysis of strain fields in the working part of the samples shows that the degree of uniform deformation of the working part decreases with an increase in the strain rate. At strain rates above 1000 s−1, the shear bands occur at the onset of a plastic flow. Commercially pure titanium undergoes fracture due to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of damages in the bands of localized plastic deformation oriented along the maximum shear stresses. The results confirm that the fracture of commercially pure titanium exhibits ductile behavior at strain rates varying from 0.1 to 1000 s−1, at a triaxiality stress parameter in the range of 0.333 ≤ η <0.467, and at a temperature close to 295 K.
FINITE STRAINS OF NONLINEAR ELASTIC ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS
Authors:   Tula State University (Tula, Russian Federation), Sokolova M.Yu. , Khristich D.V. ,   Tula State University (Tula, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

Anisotropic materials with the symmetry of elastic properties inherent in crystals of cubic syngony are considered. Cubic materials are close to isotropic ones by their mechanical properties. For a cubic material, the elasticity tensor written in an arbitrary (laboratory) coordinate system, in the general case, has 21 non-zero components that are not independent. An experimental method is proposed for determining such a coordinate system, called canonical, in which a tensor of elastic properties includes only three nonzero independent constants. The nonlinear model of the mechanical behavior of cubic materials is developed, taking into account geometric and physical nonlinearities. The specific potential strain energy for a hyperelastic cubic material is written as a function of the tensor invariants, which are projections of the Cauchy-Green strain tensor into eigensubspaces of the cubic material. Expansions of elasticity tensors of the fourth and sixth ranks in tensor bases in eigensubspaces are determined for the cubic material. Relations between stresses and finite strains containing the second degree of deformations are obtained. The expressions for the stress tensor reflect the mutual influence of the processes occurring in various eigensubspaces of the material under consideration.
“In the Unity and Diversity of Artistic Traditions” (Book Review: Sozina, E.K. (Ed.) (2020) Istoriya Literatury Urala. XIX Vek: V 2 Kn. [A History of Ural Literature. 19th Century: In 2 Books]. Moscow: LRC)
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University (Surgut, Russian Federation), Sirotkina Tatyana A.
Published: June 2021

One often comes across the opinion of researchers that there are many lacunae in the history of regional literatures. Until quite recently, this could be said about the liter-ature of the Urals. The publication of the first volume of A History of Ural Literature gives literary scholars a reason to hope that, with the full implementation of the project of the Ural academic literature, many of its blank spots will be closed. It seems that at least half of these hopes have already been justified since, in 2021, the second volume of A History of the Literature of the Urals was published. It is a multi-page publication in two books, the result of many years of work by a team of Russian literary critics. The volume’s editor-in-chief is Doctor of Philology, Professor Elena Konstantinovna Sozina The idea of “crossing regional and national breeds on the basis of the literature of a certain region”, preached by the book compilers, seems extremely productive. The peculiarity of this book, as the introduction claims, is “that the history of regional Russian literature is united here with the histories of a number of national literatures of peoples who have lived in the Urals since ancient times and have a cultural, and now also administrative, autonomy within the region”. The book’s authors rightly emphasize the “social” character of the literature of the mining Urals in the nineteenth century. They write that the specificity of the Urals largely determined the characteristic feature inherent in its culture, art, literature: sociality, sometimes even sociology, manifested, among other things, in the minds of the inhabitants of the region, in their constant and persistent interest in public affairs, in their positioning of the region as working, collectivist, united by a common destiny and common interests. The publication is superbly prepared (the materials were edited by the Cand. Sci. (Philology) T.A. Arsenova) and illustrated (the selection of illustrative material was made by the Cand. Sci. (Art History) E.P. Alekseev). Thus, thanks to the efforts of the authors, we are dealing with a systematic work on the history of the Ural litera-ture of the 19th century, which will undoubtedly be addressed by both novice and expert researchers.
The Plot About the Book and Reading in Satirical Magazines of 1769–1774
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University (Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation), Rozhkova Tatyana I.
Published: June 2021

The interest that modern human science shows in the Enlightenment as time still continues and has become one of the reasons to examine the periodicals of the 1760s and 1770s as part of its complex social and cultural process. Separating a specific cul-tural practice for analysis allowed concentrating on identifying some anthropological senses in cultural changes and some ways of coping with current conflicts. The author of the article observes how the magazines that are identified as satirical (Truten’, Zhivopisets, Vsyakaya Vsyachina, Adskaya Pochta, Smes’, and others) make a dialogue between the book and reading. The significance of this topic is the early discussion on the problem of educating the nobility that was held in the society. In the 1760s and 1770s, the topic became popular in a new way because of the ideas of Catherine the Great to educate people “of a new brand”. To solve the problem, the government started to reor-ganize educational institutions whose programs began to include secular science, books and art. However, home schooling remained closed for changes. There, medieval spiritual books still dominated because “aunties”-tutors (so-called “starushki”) were afraid of any cultural innovations. The well-known thesis that, in the second part of the century, the authority of medieval texts became weaker is proved by different magazine articles that were based on the daily experience and examinations of contemporaries who were the witnesses of the cultural changes and who had to choose what to read, where and how to teach their children. In publications of different genres, we can notice that the press con-tinued to value the book and reading as a good way to learn and educate. Besides, medie-val texts appeared to be something that favored superstitious views on the Universe. In the then contemporary satirical ideas, medieval books marked the changing generation of readers. Some examples of parents’ sanctimonious views on religious beliefs, disrespect towards governmental rules, cruel treatment of serfs degraded the value of reading medie-val books. On the contrary, positive heroes showed interest in the new secular knowledge and books, tried to become well-read and study foreign languages, to be capable of making a free choice. To bring up such a noble person was only possible if their parents were thoughtful to their children’s natural proclivity and to the choice of their tutors, and were sensitive to governmental changes. Generations that could stop reading Old Russian books were changing their reading habits. They became free in choosing books and in reading them critically. The trend to be well-read made reading more dynamic.
Single-cell total RNA extraction from marine protists (e.g. Acantharia, Strombidium cf basimorphum, and Prymnesium parvum) v2
Authors: S Mansour Joost , Anestis Konstantinos , Not Fabrice , John Uwe
Published: June 2021

Many marine protists are not culturable and therefore challenging to study, nonetheless, they are essential in all marine ecosystems. The development of single-cell techniques is allowing for more marine protists to be studied. Such genomic approaches aim to help to disentangle heterotrophic processes such as phagotrophy from osmotrophy and phototrophic-induced anabolic activities. This information will then support cellular and metabolic modeling by better elucidating the physiological mechanisms and quantifying their importance in different scenarios. However, single-cell protocols and low input RNA kits for transcriptomics are usually made for and tested with mammalian cells, as such the feasibility and efficiency of single-cell transcriptomics on highly diverse mixotrophic protists are not always known. Often single-cell transcriptomics of microbial eukaryotes shows low transcript recovery rates and large variability. We report on transcriptomic methods that we have successfully performed on single cells of Acantharia, Strombidium cf basimorphum, and Prymnesium parvum. This first protocol outlines the total RNA extraction step utilizing the .
Mass testing equity during infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review. v3
Authors: Ost Katarina , Duquesne Louise , Duguay Claudia , Mathevet Isadora , Traverson Lola , Ridde Valery , Zinszer Kate
Published: June 2021

Context: Large-scale testing is an intervention that is instrumental for infectious disease control and a central tool for the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of our scoping review is to identify if and how equity has been considered in large-scale testing initiatives in past and present infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Methods: We will search Web of Science, Embase and Medline and will follow PRISMA recommendations for scoping reviews. Articles will be analyzed using descriptive and thematic analysis.
Role of Physiotherapy in Hospitalised Patients of COVID-19 disease
Authors:   MBBS DNB, Associate professor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Bharty Dr. Sanjay Kumar , Bhargava Dr. Jitendra Kishore ,   MBBS DTCD MD, professor Director, Department of Respiratory Medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Prakash Dr. Brahma ,   MBBS DNB, Associate professor, Department of Respiratory medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical College Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Patel Dr. Vikas ,   MBBS MD, Assistant professor, Department of Respiratory medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical college Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Jain Dr. Avinash ,   MBBS MD, Assistant professor, Department of Respiratory medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical college Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Khatri Dr. Sumit ,   MBBS MD, Senior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, SEPM, NSCB Medical college Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh India
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Respiratory physiotherapy is one of the therapeutic methods in various respiratoryviral infections. Breathing exercises with other interventions, could enhance the total lung capacityand symptom alleviation in patients with virus-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Aim: To study the clinical evaluation of the role of physiotherapy in hospitalised patients of covid-19diseases. Method: This was an Observational (prospective, cross-sectional) study. 187 patientswere recruited and diagnosed as COVID-19 as per RTPCR at NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur (MP).Patients were randomised into the physiotherapy group and controlled group. Patients in thephysiotherapy group were undergone positional changes, prone ventilation, Breathing exercise,Resistive training, Passive joint motion, Muscle stretching, Bedside standing training, enduranceexercise by a specialized physiotherapist. Mean cough severity index, MMRC grade, respiration rateand peripheral blood saturation were recorded before and after intervention and compared with thecontrolled group. Result: There was significant improvement found in MMRC grade and respirationrate after physical therapy in the physiotherapy group (p-value < 0.05). Exertional dyspnoea andcough severity index significant deceased in physiotherapy group. The positive change was found inperipheral blood saturation. There was decreased in hospitalization stay in the physiotherapy groupas compared to the controlled group. Conclusion: Our study revealed the positive effect ofphysiotherapy on covid-19 disease in terms of symptoms and hospitalization duration among thephysiotherapy group. Physiotherapy exerts a beneficial role in the management of the covid-19disease.
Clinical biochemical and serological profile in Children with Celiac disease
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, People’s College of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Shrivastava Dr. Vishal , Lohia Dr. Purnendu Shekhar ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, People’s College of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: June 2021

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immunologically determined form of enteropathyaffecting the small intestine, precipitated by the ingestion of gluten-containing foods such as wheatrye, barley etc. This study was taken up to analyze clinical manifestations and biochemical profile ofchildren with celiac disease presenting at KEM Hospital Pune. Methods: All children diagnosed as CDin last 5 years and newly diagnosed patients of celiac satisfying inclusion criteria for next 1 year.This is an observational descriptive prospective and retrospective study. CD was diagnosed based onpositive tTGA & duodenal biopsy in children with chronic diarrhea & other suggestive features.Hospital records were reviewed for complete follow up data. Results: In a study period of 12months we diagnosed 19 children with Celiac Disease, who were studied prospectively, whereas 31patients who were diagnosed within the last 6 years & were on regular follow up in OPD werestudied retrospectively. In the total group of 50 patients in the age range of 1year to 15 years. Thepresenting clinical features of our group of patients were: chronic diarrhea (92 %), failure to thrive(86%), abdominal pain (34%), abdominal distention (26%), anorexia/vomiting (8%/ 20%), &weight loss (8%). Rare features were fever, fatigue, blood in stools & constipation. In our studyanemia was seen in 76% of patients, 58% of prospective patients had low ferritin levels.Conclusions: In a study period of 12 months we diagnosed 19 children with Celiac disease whichgoes to go prove that Celiac Disease, is not rare in western Maharashtra. Most patients belonged tothe age group 1-5 years (50%) and the majority of patients were females (56%). Chronic diarrheawas the most common presenting complaint in all age groups ( 92%) followed by failure to thrive,not gaining weight and abdominal pain. Constipation was least common. Anemia was the mostcommon laboratory-confirmed finding and the most common type of anemia was iron deficiencyanemia. Prevalence Anemia was most common in below 5 yrs.
Practising healthy theology in the local church
Authors: Dickie June
Published: June 2021

The loss of lament in the modern church has had serious consequences, including a lack of compassion for pain-bearers, the failure to challenge injustice, and essentially the loss of the church’s mission: bringing hope into pain. This article suggests five ways to restore lament to the life of a church, to facilitate a healthy, caring community. First, “hard texts” must be included in the preaching and teaching calendar; second, the church must learn to stand with pain-bearers in corporate lament; third, worship songs must include opportunity for sustained lament; fourth, biblical laments should be read regularly and used by individuals to compose their own laments; and fifth, lament rituals (for regular and special situations) must be built into the rhythm of church life. If such practices can be restored, those who carry pain will once again receive the gift of hope and communal bonds will be strengthened.
Bringing forgiveness to life
Authors: Pele Daniel Nicodemus
Published: June 2021

Preaching forgiveness requires the use of stories, metaphors and images that are the product of creative imagination to shape the imagination of listeners. Preaching forgiveness without depiction tends to be abstract, and worst of all unconvincing. Therefore, the preacher has to find a way of picturing what he or she is talking about. This means preaching reconciliation involves the use of evocative images rather than conceptual structures. For example, making people change their attitudes toward a perceived enemy requires depiction. In addition, asking people to forgive in a situation of deep wounds created by divisions, conflicts and violence calls for the use of evocative images. What is more, telling warring parties, be they of different family, tribe, ethnic group, or religion, to come together, stay together and grow together in a situation of division, conflict and violence requires the use of pictures. Therefore, this article argues that biographical preaching is an effective way of preaching forgiveness because it entails picturing of biblical character so that people may see what is required of them to forgive and live a harmonious life with one another.
Ranked Choice Voting in Australia and America: Do Voters Follow Party Cues?
Authors: Reilly Benjamin
Published: June 2021

Ranked choice voting (RCV) is experiencing a surge of interest in the United States, highlighted by its 2018 use for Congressional elections in Maine, the first application of a ranked ballot for national-level elections in American history. A century ago, the same system was introduced in another federal, two-party continental-sized democracy: Australia. RCV’s utility as a solution to inter-party coordination problems helps to explain its appeal in both countries, underscoring the potential benefits of a comparative analytical approach. This article examines this history of adoption and then turns to a comparison of recent RCV elections in Maine with state elections in New South Wales and Queensland, the two Australian states which share the same form of RCV as that used in the United States. This comparison shows how candidate and party endorsements influence voters’ rankings and can, over time, promote reciprocal exchanges between parties and broader systemic support for RCV. Such cross-partisan support helps explain the stability of RCV in Australia, with implications for the system’s prospects in the United States.
Esta planta é para ver ou para comer?
Authors:   UFRRJ, Manuel Serra  da Cruz Sergio , Cláudia de Macêdo Vieira Ana ,   UFRJ, Cerceau Renato , Paula Ribeiro de Carvalho Ferreira Ana , Aparecida de Almeida Souza Mariana , Vieira Cruz Pedro , Eliezer Siqueira Oliveira Thiago
Published: June 2021

Este livro apresenta um jogo que correlaciona três temas importantes sobre plantas: as plantas alimentícias comuns (aquelas que estamos acostumados a consumir como alimentos), as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (também conhecidas como PANC) e plantas tóxicas (aquelas que podem causar problemas à saúde humana e de animais domésticos em diferentes graus). Ele foi testado com estudantes de diferentes níveis de formação durante edições da Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (SNCT) organizadas no campus Ilha do Fundão da UFRJ pela equipe do Laboratório de Farmacobotânica e teve muito sucesso. Este jogo pode ser aplicado de diferentes formas, mas, deve-se destacar que, além do jogo, este livro entrega também informações sobre as plantas ilustradas nas cartas e referências bibliográficas para quem quiser aprofundar os temas abordados.
A study on Freeman-Tukey test statistic under the symmetry model for square contingency tables
Authors: ALTUN Gokcen
Published: June 2021

The symmetry model is the basic model in the analysis of square contingency tables. Multiple test statistics have been developed for the goodness of fit test. Freeman-Tukey test statistics is appropriate to be used in large samples. However, the required sample size to use the Freeman-Tukey test statistics is not clear. In this paper, the asymptotic properties of Freeman-Tukey test statistic are discussed via extensive Monte-Carlo simulation study. The Freeman-Tukey test statistic is compared with members of power-divergence family test statistic under the symmetry model. The results of simulation study are evaluated based on the Type-I error and power of a test. The results of simulation study and artificial data study show that Freeman-Tukey’s T^2 test statistic does not converge to chi-squared distribution for both sparse and non-sparse square contingency tables.