bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Oscillations Intrinsic to Water: Applications to Cellular Time Keeping and Water Treatment
Authors: Morré D. , Morré Dorothy
Published: May 2015

A homodimeric, growth-related and time-keeping hydroquinone oxidase (ENOX1) of the eukaryotic cell surface capable of oxidizing intracellular NADH exhibits properties of the ultradian driver of the biological 24 h circadian clock by exhibiting a complex 2 + 3 set of oscillations of copper salts and appear to derive from periodic variations in the ratio of ortho and para nuclear spins of the paired hydrogen atoms of the elongated octahedral structure of the ENOX1 protein bound copper II hexahydrates. A corollary of these observations is that the ortho/para oscillations must occur in a highly synchronized matter. Our findings suggest that water molecules communicate with each other via very low frequency electromagnetic fields and that these fields also appear to be generated by the energetics of the synchronous ortho to para interconversions of the nuclear spin pairs of the water hydrogens. Further evidence for energy absorbed and emitted by water and correlated with ortho/para oscillations of ortho/para spin pairs of water hydrogens is indicated from the auto-oscillations in water luminescence. The emissions oscillate with period lengths of 18.8 min that agree with our previously found period of oscillation of about 18 min for pure water, reflective of ortho to para spin isomers based on measurements of redox potential. The period length of pure water (increased by about 25% in D2O) and varies depending on the dominant cation present (copper salts in solution are unique in that the period length is exactly 24 min). Synchrony is maintained through generation of and response to LFEMF generated by the ortho-para spin pairs. Changes in redox potential sufficient to catalyze NADH oxidation were used to monitor synchronous water oscillations that appear to extend indefinitely over great distances in contiguous bodies of either still or flowing water. Adjacent out-of-phase water samples contained in thin plastic cuvettes auto-synchronize in a matter of seconds when placed side by side. Potential applications from water treatment along with opportunity related to human health are anticipated to derive from a better understanding of how water synchrony is generated and maintained, and to be aided by methodological advances in measurement and analysis.
Synthesis of tripodal catecholates and their immobilization on zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Klitsche Franziska , Ramcke Julian , Migenda Julia , Hensel Andreas , Vossmeyer Tobias , Weller Horst , Gross Silvia , Maison Wolfgang
Published: May 2015

A common approach to generate tailored materials and nanoparticles (NPs) is the formation of molecular monolayers by chemisorption of bifunctional anchor molecules. This approach depends critically on the choice of a suitable anchor group. Recently, bifunctional catecholates, inspired by mussel-adhesive proteins (MAPs) and bacterial siderophores, have received considerable interest as anchor groups for biomedically relevant metal surfaces and nanoparticles. We report here the synthesis of new tripodal catecholates as multivalent anchor molecules for immobilization on metal surfaces and nanoparticles. The tripodal catecholates have been conjugated to various effector molecules such as PEG, a sulfobetaine and an adamantyl group. The potential of these conjugates has been demonstrated with the immobilization of tripodal catecholates on ZnO NPs. The results confirmed a high loading of tripodal PEG-catecholates on the particles and the formation of stable PEG layers in aqueous solution.
Geneviève de Gaulle Anthonioz, une Juste parmi l’humanité
Authors: Neau-Dufour Frédérique
Published: May 2015

L’entrée de Geneviève de Gaulle au Panthéon n’allait pas de soi – d’autres femmes ayant été citées lors de la consultation nationale de septembre 2013. Pourtant, son activité de résistante, son expérience des camps, son travail à Atd Quart Monde dessinent un combat de toute une vie pour la dignité humaine, dans lequel la dimension religieuse a également joué un rôle.
L’islam politique, toujours en échec
Authors: Roy Olivier
Published: May 2015

Dans sa postface à la réédition de l’Échec de l’islam politique (publié pour la première fois en 1992), Olivier Roy revient sur la thèse qu’il défendait à l’époque, et la maintient, en la replaçant dans le contexte de l’après-printemps arabes et de la montée en puissance de Daech.
L’impossible intégration de la communauté du renseignement américaine
Authors: Ramos Raphaël
Published: May 2015

Malgré l’augmentation de son degré de centralisation en réponse aux attentats du 11 Septembre, la communauté du renseignement américaine (CR) ne parvient pas à fonctionner comme un ensemble intégré et cohérent. Face à ce problème récurrent depuis Pearl Harbor, le compromis élaboré en 2004 n’a pas donné au nouveau directeur du renseignement l’autorité nécessaire pour diriger cet ensemble hétérogène de manière rationnelle. Combinée à un afflux de crédits sans précédent, cette absence de direction effective a généré une croissance incontrôlée qui apparaît aujourd’hui comme un obstacle supplémentaire à l’intégration de la CR.
Surveillance et responsabilité : L’évaluation du Conseil de supervision sur la vie privée et les libertés civiles ( Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board )
Authors: Lester Genevieve , Noble Ellen , Raillard Sarah-Louise
Published: May 2015

Cet article tente d’évaluer la responsabilisation des services de sécurité américains au lendemain du 11 septembre 2001 et dans le sillage de l’affaire Snowden. Afin de mesurer l’efficacité avec laquelle la responsabilité fonctionne dans le cadre des défis provoqués par les révélations de Snowden, nous utilisons un ensemble de critères pour ventiler la notion de responsabilité et établir des normes d’évaluation plus concrètes. Nous appliquerons ces critères à un dispositif de supervision récemment mis en œuvre aux États-Unis, le Conseil de supervision sur la vie privée et les libertés civiles.
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité de la législation antiterroriste ou la conciliation des libertés avec la raison d’État
Authors: Roudier Karine
Published: May 2015

Le Juge constitutionnel est au cœur de la problématique de la conciliation de l’ordre et de la liberté. Cette problématique est bouleversée par le terrorisme, qui frappe l’État dans son essence et provoque des réactions normatives plus restrictives pour les libertés. L’analyse comparée du contrôle de constitutionnalité de la législation antiterroriste en Espagne, en France et en Italie, révèle l’exercice d’un contrôle sur mesure d’une législation construite comme un droit parallèle. Contraint de s’adapter aux spécificités du terrorisme, le Juge déplace les curseurs de son contrôle dans une zone de plus grande tolérance que d’ordinaire. Le contrôle de constitutionnalité ainsi modelé par son objet est, néanmoins, préservé dans son effectivité par le Juge, qui maintient la législation dans les limites de l’État de droit, même si elles sont parfois poussées à leur point de rupture. Cette jurisprudence constitutionnelle élastique, dont les principes ont été établis avant les évènements du 11 septembre, souligne autant la richesse de la justice constitutionnelle que ses limites, face à une politique sécuritaire que les circonstances ont, de plus en plus, décomplexée.
Comparer l’organisation d’un sport de nature dans deux espaces protégés
Authors: Perrin-Malterre Clémence
Published: May 2015

En adoptant une démarche inductive, nous avons analysé l’organisation d’un sport de nature (le canyoning) dans deux Parcs naturels régionaux. Dans le cadre d’une démarche comparative, à la fois synchronique et diachronique, nous avons interrogé et enrichi les résultats de l’analyse afin de pouvoir bâtir un modèle interprétatif qui dépasse la seule contingence locale. Puis, nous avons accordé à nos résultats de recherche une portée explicative plus large que le contexte où ils ont été recueillis, afin de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de la gestion de l’activité canyoning sur un territoire.
APENAS UNA PARTE DE NEGRO. Valores socio-raciales y accionar político de las élites de «color quebrado» en Jamaica, Venezuela, y las Antillas Francesas (siglos XVIII y XIX)
Authors: Gómez Alejandro E.
Published: May 2015

Este ensayo analiza comparativamente los prejuicios socio-raciales y las aspiraciones igualitarias de las élites de «color quebrado» de Jamaica, Venezuela, y las Antillas Francesas. El objetivo es mostrar cómo esos factores incidieron sobre la actividad política de los miembros de ese sector, sobre todo durante el período revolucionario y la era abolicionista. Sostenemos que dicha actividad tuvo consecuencias opuestas, incidiendo tanto sobre la perpetuación como sobre el fin de los regímenes discriminatorios instaurados durante la época colonial.
Depth Estimation for HDR Images
Authors: Manikandan S.
Published: May 2015

In this chapter, depth estimation for stereo pair of High Dynamic Range (HDR) images is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of two major techniques namely conversion of HDR images to Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images or Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) images and estimating the depth from the converted LDR / SDR stereo images. Local based tone mapping technique is used for the conversion of the HDR images to SDR images. And the depth estimation is done based on the corner features of the stereo pair images and block matching algorithm. Computationally much less expensive cost functions Mean Square Error (MSE) or Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) can be used for block matching algorithms. The proposed algorithm is explained with illustrations and results.
Solve the Problem…So it Stays Solved!
Authors: Monaco Joe , Schneider Edward W.
Published: May 2015

This case study explores how a performance management system was developed to address recurring health and safety issues in an organization. Performance improvement technologists were recruited to address the problem and ensure that it stayed solved. The authors describe the process that was used to develop a training program that eventually evolved to a full scale Performance Management (PM) System. Today, nearly three decades later, the PM System has endured with its original mission intact; it has influenced the international dialog on forklift operator safety; and it provides, through ongoing field research, insights into how a Performance Management system might endure past the first change in the management that championed it.
Branding Beyond Logo and Colors
Authors: Newman Lucy Surhyel
Published: May 2015

This case study presents FITC's evidence based application of ISPI's 10 Standards of Performance Improvement and theoretical insights from the author's doctoral dissertation to preposition a special purpose not for profit professional services organization in Africa. It describes the FITC mandate, FITC's trajectory and impact on identified stakeholders; reviews the various initiatives taken by FITC from May 2009 to May 2014, with a highlight of results attained. Thus, enabling the reader draw personal connections with interventions articulated in the organization. Consultants, Practitioners and Academics in the field of Performance Improvement, as well as those aspiring to these roles, would find this case study interesting.
Crucial Roles of TNFAIP8 Protein in Regulating Apoptosis andListeriaInfection
Authors: Porturas Thomas P. , Sun Honghong , Buchlis George , Lou Yunwei , Liang Xiaohong , Cathopoulis Terry , Fayngerts Svetlana , Johnson Derek S. , Wang Zhaojun , Chen Youhai H.
Published: May 2015

TNF-α–induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8 or TIPE) is a newly described regulator of cancer and infection. However, its precise roles and mechanisms of actions are not well understood. We report in this article that TNFAIP8 regulates Listeria monocytogenes infection by controlling pathogen invasion and host cell apoptosis in a RAC1 GTPase-dependent manner. TNFAIP8-knockout mice were resistant to lethal L. monocytogenes infection and had reduced bacterial load in the liver and spleen. TNFAIP8 knockdown in murine liver HEPA1-6 cells increased apoptosis, reduced bacterial invasion into cells, and resulted in dysregulated RAC1 activation. TNFAIP8 could translocate to plasma membrane and preferentially associate with activated RAC1-GTP. The combined effect of reduced bacterial invasion and increased sensitivity to TNF-α–induced clearance likely protected the TNFAIP8-knockout mice from lethal listeriosis. Thus, by controlling bacterial invasion and the death of infected cells through RAC1, TNFAIP8 regulates the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
Determinants of Gliadin-Specific T Cell Selection in Celiac Disease
Authors: Petersen Jan , van Bergen Jeroen , Loh Khai Lee , Kooy-Winkelaar Yvonne , Beringer Dennis X. , Thompson Allan , Bakker Sjoerd F. , Mulder Chris J. J. , Ladell Kristin , McLaren James E. , Price David A. , Rossjohn Jamie , Reid Hugh H. , Koning Frits
Published: May 2015

In HLA-DQ8–associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin–derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8+ CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer+ CD4+ T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9− TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer+/TRBV9+ and tetramer+/TRBV9− T cells possessed a non–germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9+ TCRs and a TRBV9− TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9+ and TRBV9− TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9+ and TRBV9− clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4+ T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8–mediated CD.
Short-term Fluconazole Therapy for the Treatment of Candiduria in ICU and ICU Step-down Patients
Authors: Wood G. Christopher , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Boucher Bradley A. , Croce Martin A. , Kuhl David A. , Rhea Carey L. , Chambers Matthew , Swanson Joseph M. , Freire Amado X. , Fabian Timothy C.
Published: May 2015

Objective

Candiduria is very common in critically ill patients. It is often benign; however, it can develop into a serious systemic infection and treatment is suggested in symptomatic critically ill patients. The optimal duration of therapy is unclear. Long-term therapy (14 days) is recommended by the current guidelines, but previous data suggest that shorter-duration therapy may be effective. Minimizing the use of antifungal agents is desirable to avoid fungal resistance and adverse events. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of short-term treatment of candiduria.

Methods

This was an observational study in medical, surgical, and trauma intensive care unit (ICU) and ICU step-down patients. A pathway utilizing a 3-day course of fluconazole for candiduria was implemented. The candiduria recurrence rate was compared in patients treated before (control groups with short-term, ie, ≤3 days, or long–term, ie, ≥7 days, therapy) and after the implementation of the pathway (study group: ≤3 days).

Results

Thirty-seven study patients were compared to 59 control patients. There were statistically no differences in the recurrence rate for candiduria among study patients, control patients with long-term therapy, and control patients with short-term therapy (32% vs 55% vs 38%, respectively; P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Three days of fluconazole treatment for candiduria appeared to be as effective as long-term therapy in this population.
Sharp isoperimetric inequalities and model spaces for the Curvature-Dimension-Diameter condition
Authors: Milman Emanuel
Published: May 2015

We obtain new sharp isoperimetric inequalities on a Riemannian manifold equipped with a probability measure, whose generalized Ricci curvature is bounded from below (possibly negatively), and generalized dimension and diameter of the convex support are bounded from above (possibly infinitely). Our inequalities are
sharp
for sets of any given measure and with respect to all parameters (curvature, dimension and diameter). Moreover, for each choice of parameters, we identify the
model spaces
which are extremal for the isoperimetric problem. In particular, we recover the Gromov–Lévy and Bakry–Ledoux isoperimetric inequalities, which state that whenever the curvature is strictly
positively
bounded from below, these model spaces are the

n

-sphere and Gauss space, corresponding to generalized dimension being

n

and

\infty

, respectively. In all other cases, which seem new even for the classical Riemannian-volume measure, it turns out that there is no single model space to compare to, and that a simultaneous comparison to a natural
one-parameter family
of model spaces is required, nevertheless yielding a sharp result.
Invariance of the Gibbs measure for the Benjamin–Ono equation
Authors: Deng Yu
Published: May 2015

In this paper we consider the periodic Benjemin-Ono equation.We establish the invariance of the Gibbs measure associated to this equation, thus answering a question raised in Tzvetkov [28]. As an intermediate step, we also obtain a local well-posedness result in Besov-type spaces rougher than

L^2

, extending the

L^2

well-posedness result of Molinet [20].
Global Networks, Outside-In Capabilities and Smart Innovation
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: May 2015

Starting from the early Sixties, and yet in the Seventies, competition imposed significant advancements in design and reengineering of products for the intense export policy into international markets pursued by large corporations. The nowadays globalisation phase (competitive globalisation) is characterized by the R&D activities as a key-intangible asset, whose role is to develop the innovation and imitation policies of the large corporations, to anticipate demand trends and the initiatives of the competition, even collaborating with key competitors on particular projects. Over-supplied markets emphasises the critical nature of research for customers empowerment because the condition of excess of production presents strongly unstable demand and unstable supply structures. In over-supply competition, research for customers empowerment maximises the opportunity to produce goods focused on design, smart innovation and creative imitation to satisfy specific demand bubbles.
Smart Specialisation in Europe: Looking Beyond Regional Borders
Authors: Bellini Nicola
Published: May 2015

The adoption of smart specialisation involves a challenging set of novelties in the way innovation strategies are designed. One of these novelties concerns the ‘outward orientation’ of the innovation strategies. In the world of open innovation and global value chains no serious innovation policy can be effective without the ability to connect local knowledge assets with knowledge existing ‘elsewhere’. In the perspective of an outward-looking smart specialisation, it would be important to be fully aware of the relational assets that individual actors (such as institutions, companies, universities, etc.) hold and that may take on a collective relevance. Smart Specialisation simultaneously poses a triple challenge: conceptual, operational and political.
Comparative measurements of water vapor fluxes over a tall forest using open- and closed-path eddy covariance system
Authors: Wu J. B. , Zhou X. Y. , Wang A. Z. , Yuan F. H.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Eddy covariance using infrared gas analyses has been a useful tool for gas exchange measurements between soil, vegetation and atmosphere. So far, comparisons between the open- and closed-path eddy covariance (CP) system have been extensively made on CO2 flux estimations, while lacking in the comparison of water vapor flux estimations. In this study, the specific performance of water vapor flux measurements of an open-path eddy covariance (OP) system was compared against a CP system over a tall temperate forest in Northeast China. The results show that the fluxes from the OP system (LEop) were generally greater than the (LEcp though the two systems shared one sonic anemometer. The tube delay of closed-path analyser depended on relative humidity, and the fixed median time lag contributed to a significant underestimation of (LEcp between the forest and atmosphere, while slight systematic overestimation was also found for covariance maximization method with single broad time lag search window. After the optimized time lag compensation was made, the average difference between the 30 min (LEop and (LEcp was generally within 6%. Integrated over the annual cycle, the CP system yielded a 5.1% underestimation of forest evapotranspiration as compared to the OP system measurements (493 vs. 469 mm yr−1). This study indicates the importance to estimate the sampling tube delay accurately for water vapor flux calculations with closed-path analysers, and it also suggests that when discuss the energy balance closure problem in flux sites with closed-path eddy covariance systems, it has to be aware that some of the imbalance is possibly caused by the systematic underestimation of water vapor fluxes.
Non-linear regime shifts in Holocene Asian monsoon variability: potential impacts on cultural change and migratory patterns
Authors: Donges J. F. , Donner R. V. , Marwan N. , Breitenbach S. F. M. , Rehfeld K. , Kurths J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The Asian monsoon system is an important tipping element in Earth's climate with a large impact on human societies in the past and present. In light of the potentially severe impacts of present and future anthropogenic climate change on Asian hydrology, it is vital to understand the forcing mechanisms of past climatic regime shifts in the Asian monsoon domain. Here we use novel recurrence network analysis techniques for detecting episodes with pronounced non-linear changes in Holocene Asian monsoon dynamics recorded in speleothems from caves distributed throughout the major branches of the Asian monsoon system. A newly developed multi-proxy methodology explicitly considers dating uncertainties with the COPRA (COnstructing Proxy Records from Age models) approach and allows for detection of continental-scale regime shifts in the complexity of monsoon dynamics. Several epochs are characterised by non-linear regime shifts in Asian monsoon variability, including the periods around 8.5–7.9, 5.7–5.0, 4.1–3.7, and 3.0–2.4 ka BP. The timing of these regime shifts is consistent with known episodes of Holocene rapid climate change (RCC) and high-latitude Bond events. Additionally, we observe a previously rarely reported non-linear regime shift around 7.3 ka BP, a timing that matches the typical 1.0–1.5 ky return intervals of Bond events. A detailed review of previously suggested links between Holocene climatic changes in the Asian monsoon domain and the archaeological record indicates that, in addition to previously considered longer-term changes in mean monsoon intensity and other climatic parameters, regime shifts in monsoon complexity might have played an important role as drivers of migration, pronounced cultural changes, and the collapse of ancient human societies.
Changing trends and abrupt features of extreme temperature in mainland China during 1960 to 2010
Authors: Fang S. , Qi Y. , Han G. , Zhou G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A few researches based on the 10th (90th) percentiles as thresholds had presented to assess moderate extremes in China. However, there has been very little research reported on the occurrences of high extremes warm days (TX95p and TX99p) and cold nights (TN05p and TN01p) according to 95th or 99th (5th or 1st) percentiles which has more directly impacts on society and ecosystem systems. The study showed: (1) the frequencies of TX95p and TX99p averagely increased by 1.80 days/10 a and 0.62 days/10 a respectively in all stations of mainland China, and TX95p in 50.42 % and TX99p in 58.21 % of the stations increased significantly, but TN05p in 83.76 % and TN01p in 76.48 % of stations decreased significantly, and the frequencies of TN05p and TN01p averagely decreased by 3.18 days/10 a and 1.01 days/10 a respectively in all stations, (2) except in Central China, other regions of China showed an increasing trend in TX95p and TX99p, but vast majority of the mainland China showed a decreasing trend in TN5p and TN01p; and (3) the trends of TX95p and TX99p mutations time were in about 1990s or 2000s, but the trends of TN05p and TN01p has mutated in the late 1970s and early 1980s. After the mutation, the increasing trend of warm day and hot day is greater than before in most regions which indicated that more potential risk of heatwaves in future, but the decreasing trend of cold day and frozen day is not enlarge than before.
Influence of rainfall space-time variability over the Ouémé basin in Benin
Authors: Gascon T. , Vischel T. , Lebel T. , Quantin G. , Pellarin T. , Quatela V. , Leroux D. , Galle S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In West Africa, the concomitant occurrence of extreme droughts and damaging floods points to the urgent need for linking the climate variability at various time scales (daily to decadal) to its impact in terms of water related risks. While hydrological models are key tools to do so, their use in this part of the world is strongly limited by the scarcity of rainfall data. Satellite precipitation products can be used as rainfall input to models in order to make up for this shortage of appropriate surface data. However, these satellite products have their own weaknesses, both in terms of accuracy and resolution. While the accuracy of satellite rainfall estimates has already received a fair amount of attention, little published work deals with the resolution issue. The study presented here is motivated by this lack of attention to the resolution issue. It makes use of the data produced by a very dense rainfall network covering the Ouémé catchment in Benin (14 600 km²), to study the impact of varying the space-time resolution of input rainfields on the output produced by DHSVM (Distributed Hydrology Soils and Vegetation Model), thus mimicking the resolution-induced errors associated with using satellite rainfall input for such physically-based models. The major result of this sensitivity analysis is that the model output is much more sensitive to the time resolution than to the space resolution, at least for this region and for the range of resolutions tested.
Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in the Jinsha River basin during 1961–2010
Authors: Zeng X. , Zhao N. , Sun H. , Ye L. , Zhai J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Knowing the variations of precipitation at the basin scale is very important to study the impacts of climate change on water resources and hydrological processes. To achieve the temporal and spatial variations of precipitation on long time scales and some extreme indicators in the Jinsha River basin, some typical precipitation indices were analysed based on daily precipitation data for 1961–2010 for the research area. The results showed that AP had a certain increasing tendency without passing the significance test, while AP in the lower reach of the basin decreased slightly. PFS had no obvious changes, while MP through a year (except rainfall in September and December) had a slight increasing tendency. In addition, AP and PFS showed obvious spatial differences, and the higher rainfall area was located in the lower basin especially in the Hengduan Mountain area. LRD and MRD increased slightly in the upper and middle regions, while they decreased slightly in the lower basin. HRD increased over most of the whole basin, but it had a decreasing tendency in the headwater region and around Dege station but did not pass the significance test. DD and CDD in one year showed similar spatial change patterns and had an obvious decreasing tendency in the upper and middle basin, while they had an obvious increasing tendency in the lower basin. CWD almost decreased over the whole basin, and decreased significantly in a small part of the lower basin. The temporal changes of the typical precipitation indices may confirm the possible increasing tendency for occurrence of drier climate and even drought events in the downstream of Jinsha River basin.
Simultaneous atmospheric correction and quantification of suspended particulate matter in the Guadalquivir estuary from Landsat images
Authors: Carpintero M. , Polo M. J. , Suhyp Salama Mhd.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Earth observations (EOs) following empirical and/or analytical approaches are a feasible alternative to obtain spatial and temporal distribution of water quality variables. The limitations observed in the use of empirical approaches to estimate high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the estuarine water of Guadalquivir have led the authors to use a semi-analytical model, which relates the water constituents’ concentration to the water leaving reflectance. In this work, the atmospheric correction has been carried out simultaneously and the aerosol reflectance and backscattering coefficients of SPM obtained. The results are validated using in situ SPM data series provided by a monitoring network in the study area. The results show that the model allows us to successfully estimate backscattering coefficients of SPM in the estuary, differentiating clear and turbid water and using two ε(4,5) .These considerations improve the value of R2 from 0.68 (single ε(4,5)) to 0.86 (two ε( 4,5)) on 18 May 2009. This method could be used as a preliminary approach to obtain SPM concentration in the Guadalquivir estuary with the limitations that the model shows for turbid waters.
Physically-based distributed modelling of river runoff under changing climate conditions
Authors: Krylenko I. , Motovilov Yu. , Antokhina E. , Zhuk V. , Surkova G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Physically-based distributed modelling under changing climatic conditions has been carried out for the Northern Dvina River basin using the ECOMAG (ECOlogical Model for Applied Geophysics). The parameters of the model have been adjusted through calibration against runoff hydrographs observed for the period 2000–2009. Validation of the model has been performed for the period of 1970–1989. Both sensitivity analysis and scenario approaches (based on the CMIP3 projections) have been applied to assess possible hydrological consequences of climate change in the basin. It has been shown that for greenhouse gases emissions A2 scenario, averaged for 11 climate models, annual runoff will not change significantly for the future 50 years. But due to increasing of winter precipitation by up to 15%, the volume of flow in the flood period could increase by up to 20%. Earlier beginning of the flood season is expected because of rising of the air temperature.
Optimal parameters of the SVM for temperature prediction
Authors: Shi X. , Huang Q. , Chang J. , Wang Y. , Lei J. , Zhao J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This paper established three different optimization models in order to predict the Foping station temperature value. The dimension was reduced to change multivariate climate factors into a few variables by principal component analysis (PCA). And the parameters of support vector machine (SVM) were optimized with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and developed genetic algorithm. The most suitable method was applied for parameter optimization by comparing the results of three different models. The results are as follows: The developed genetic algorithm optimization parameters of the predicted values were closest to the measured value after the analog trend, and it is the most fitting measured value trends, and its homing speed is relatively fast.
POME-copula for hydrological dependence analysis
Authors: Liu D. , Wang D. , Wang L. , Chen Y. , Chen X. , Gu S.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Hydrological multivariate analysis has been widely studied using copula-based modelling, in which marginal distribution inference is one of the key issues. The main object of this study is to discuss the applicability of the principle of maximum entropy (POME) in marginal distribution inference, thus to develop a POME-copula framework to analyse the dependence of hydrological variables. Marginal distributions are derived with the POME approach before bivariate copulas constructed with corresponding parameters estimated by the dependence of the derived margins. The proposed POME-copula has been employed in hydrological dependence analyses, with the annual maximum streamflow and water level collected from the Yangtze River, and the monthly streamflow from the Yellow River. Results show that the POME-copula method performs well in capturing dependence patterns of various hydrological variables.
Analysing the influence of human activity on runoff in the Weihe River basin
Authors: Shen C. , Qiang H.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Changing runoff patterns can have profound effects on the economic development of river basins. To assess the impact of human activity on runoff in the Weihe River basin, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to a set of 17 widely used indicators of economic development to construct general combined indicators reflecting different types of human activity. Grey relational analysis suggested that the combined indicator associated with agricultural activity was most likely to have influenced the changes in runoff observed within the river basin during 1994–2011. Curve fitting was then performed to characterize the relationship between the general agricultural indicator and the measured runoff, revealing a reasonably high correlation (R2 = 0.393) and an exponential relationship. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of the 17 individual indicators on the measured runoff, confirming that indicators associated with agricultural activity had profound effects whereas those associated with urbanization had relatively little impact.
Response of hydrological processes to climate change in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, China
Authors: Yao X. , Cui X. , Yu J. , Sun W.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment, the temperature and evapotranspiration will increase in the future. As a sensitive region to climate change, hydrological process in the middle reaches of the Yellow River will be significantly affected by climate change. In this study, water resources change in the future for a typical basin there: Lushi basin is assessed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. Downscaled ensemble output from sixteen General Circulation Models (GCMs) for the A1B emission scenario in the 2050s was input to SWAT as the regional climate change scenario. The prediction shows that ET of this basin increases in winter and spring, and decreases in summer and autumn, and the streamflow increases throughout the year. The increased streamflow will probably improve the water demand guarantee and be conducive to crop growth in winter and spring, and may improve the flood risk in summer.
Monitoring temporal patterns of vertical hyporheic flux via distributed temperature sensors
Authors: Su X. , Shu L. , Li W. , Lu C. , Zhu J. , Wu G. , Wang X. , Wang G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Hyporheic exchange is of great significance for evaluating and developing water resources, as well as protecting ecosystem health. Temperature monitoring is one of the powerful tools for recognizing the hyporheic flux with high precision, low cost and great convenience. The streambed temperature at different depths (0 to 1.00 m), and the air and stream water temperatures at Dawen River, Jining City, were monitored using distributed temperature sensors (DTS). The temperature series were used to estimate the hyporheic flux through the analytical solution of the governing one-dimensional heat transport equation. The temporal patterns of flux along the vertical profile were analysed. The results indicated that surface water and air temperatures fluctuated approximately sinusoidally, and the groundwater temperature was relatively stable over time. The hyporheic flux at different depths showed different temporal patterns. Moreover, the dynamic curves of hyporheic flux were depth-dependent and probably controlled by the stream water level and groundwater field.
Effect of length of the observed dataset on the calibration of a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Cui X. , Sun W. , Teng J. , Song H. , Yao X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Calibration of hydrological models in ungauged basins is now a hot research topic in the field of hydrology. In addition to the traditional method of parameter regionalization, using discontinuous flow observations to calibrate hydrological models has gradually become popular in recent years. In this study, the possibility of using a limited number of river discharge data to calibrate a distributed hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was explored. The influence of the quantity of discharge measurements on model calibration in the upper Heihe Basin was analysed. Calibration using only one year of daily discharge measurements was compared with calibration using three years of discharge data. The results showed that the parameter values derived from calibration using one year’s data could achieve similar model performance with calibration using three years’ data, indicating that there is a possibility of using limited numbers of discharge data to calibrate the SWAT model effectively in poorly gauged basins.
Estimating water availability across the Upper Salween and Mekong river basins
Authors: Liu S. , Ding W. , Liu C. , Liu L. , Bajracharya S. , Shrestha A. , Shrestha Pradhan N.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. According to Liu et al. (2014), borrowing, substituting and generating (BSG) are the main methods people used to acquire the discharge at ungauged stations. Two of the substitution (modelling and disaggregation) methods in combination with the borrowing idea are compared for simulating discharge for the Upper Salween and Mekong River Basin (USMRB). It is seen that with a simple borrowing/ disaggregating method, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) can reach 0.82. The similarity in the seasonal variation pattern is a more important requirement to identify if the two stations are to be considered as having hydrological similarity. From the experience obtained for the USMRB, an upstream station with shorter geographical distance may be more in hydrological similarity than a station in the far downstream. The NSE is quite low when borrowing occurs within the low altitude downstream region. The efficiency will be decreased when we borrow information from several stations which may be not in hydrological similarity.
Risk control of groundwater exploitation for Zhangye basin in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, China
Authors: Guosheng X. , Ju Q. , Shuixian W. , Qin L. , Fen L. , Liu W.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Regulation of the water table is a feasible and effective way to reduce the risk of groundwater exploitation. An index system of groundwater exploitation risk evaluation is developed. The groundwater numerical simulation model is established for Zhangye basin in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, China. Based on the identification and validation, the model is used for numerical simulation and forecast of groundwater exploitation under the conditions of current and planned development. The results show that the increase of groundwater exploitation amount causes the falling of water table. The increase of groundwater exploitation is 7600 × 104 m3, which can displace the surface water amount of 10 100 × 104 m3. The annual river runoff can increase 7536 × 104 m3. It is beneficial to the let-down flow from Zhengyi Gorge cross-section, and also provides the basis for decision on risk control of groundwater exploitation.
Studying groundwater and surface water interactions using airborne remote sensing in Heihe River basin, northwest China
Authors: Liu C. , Liu J. , Hu Y. , Zheng C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Managing surface water and groundwater as a unified system is important for water resource exploitation and aquatic ecosystem conservation. The unified approach to water management needs accurate characterization of surface water and groundwater interactions. Temperature is a natural tracer for identifying surface water and groundwater interactions, and the use of remote sensing techniques facilitates basin-scale temperature measurement. This study focuses on the Heihe River basin, the second largest inland river basin in the arid and semi-arid northwest of China where surface water and groundwater undergoes dynamic exchanges. The spatially continuous river-surface temperature of the midstream section of the Heihe River was obtained by using an airborne pushbroom hyperspectral thermal sensor system. By using the hot spot analysis toolkit in the ArcGIS software, abnormally cold water zones were identified as indicators of the spatial pattern of groundwater discharge to the river.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of water resources in Argun River basin based on multi-source data
Authors: Hui L. , Baoligao B. , Xingru C. , Xiuying W.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The wetlands of Argun River basin are important habitat for birds migrating between East Asia and Australia. Investigating spatial and temporal characteristics and evolution trends of water resources of this region is of significant importance for sustainable water management and coping with climate change. Using in-field data and NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data, the Mann-Kendall method and wavelet analysis method are applied to obtain the temporal characteristics. Spatial distribution analysis includes use of gridded data and data along the river. The results illustrate that water resources of upstream regions show descending trends, and the temporal distribution of the flow presents an “M” shape. Precipitation of this region has 10-year and 24-year scale primary periods. The period analysis is verified by the large flood in 2013, and forecasts that the next high flow year could be around 2021.
Analysis of baseflow index based hydrological model in Upper Wei River basin on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Liu D. , Chang J. , Tian F. , Huang Q. , Meng X.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The baseflow is the drainage from the groundwater and soil water to the streamflow. As one important source of the streamflow, the baseflow could be the main source of the streamflow in the dry season. The Wei River, located in the semi-arid region of the Loess Plateau which is overlain by deep and loose soil, is the largest tributary of the Yellow River. According to former research, most of the streamflow in the dry season in the headwater of the Yellow River is baseflow. For the whole Yellow River basin, the baseflow is an important component of the streamflow, and accounts for about 44% of the annual runoff. Physically-based distributed hydrological models can simulate the runoff components separately, and are important tools to analyse the runoff components. Given the importance of the baseflow in the dry season for drought relief to support the ecological water requirement and irrigation, especially in the Wei River, the baseflow is analysed in this study. To investigate the baseflow in the Upper Wei River basin, a semi-distributed hydrological model based on a Representative Elementary Watershed approach (THREW) is employed to investigate the runoff generation process. To compare the results, an automatic baseflow separation method proposed by Arnold is used to separate the baseflow from the daily streamflow at Beidao hydrological station in Upper Wei River basin from 2001 to 2004. Based on the hydrological modelling and the Arnold separation method, the average annual baseflow index, i.e. the ratio of baseflow to the total runoff, is estimated as in the range of 0.30–0.36. The average intra-annual monthly baseflow index represents the seasonality of the baseflow due to the seasonality of the precipitation and evapotranspiration, and is also analysed.
Impacts of lake water environmental condition on bioavailable-phosphorus of surface sediments in Lixia River basin, China
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu L. , Lu C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Bioavailable-phosphorus (BAP) fractions of the lake surface sediments (the upper 0−5cm depth) and environmental indicators of the related lake water column were investigated in five lakes in Lixia River basin during three seasons in order to evaluate the impacts of environmental indicators of the water column on the BAP fractions of surface sediments. The concentration of BAP varied significantly in different seasons. Factor analysis was used to identify the factors which influence sedimentary BAP significantly in the different seasons. The results showed that AAP and Olsen-P were significantly affected by the chemical oxygen demand through the bacterial activity in summer. The high intensity of bacterial activity and density of algae, and low concentrations of NO3-N and dissolved oxygen under high temperature enhanced the BAP released from anaerobic sediment and significantly contributed to the eutrophication of the lake, especially in summer. In addition, macrophyte roots were beneficial to absorption of AAP and Olsen-P.
Eco-environmental quality evaluation of Huaibei Plain
Authors: Xu M. , Zhu Y. , Lü H. , Li Y. , Zhou X. , Chen Y.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. In recent years, the destruction of the ecological environment in Huaibei Plain has limited the development of the economy. Doing research on eco-environment quality evaluation methods may be helpful to the recovery of the eco-environment in Huaibei Plain and the construction of ecological civilization. A new assessment system was introduced in this paper on the basis of a traditional eco-environmental evaluation method; the NPP index was used to replace biological abundance index and vegetation coverage index. This new method was used to evaluate the eco-environment quality of Huaibei Plain. Results indicate that: (a) the eco-environment of Huaibei Plain has been getting worse since 1990, but has improved since 2000; (b) the water-network density index is the key factor which affects the eco-environment of Huaibei Plain; (c) If human activities, pollution control, land degradation and urban area development are not taken into consideration, the eco-environment of Huaibei Plain in dry years will be serious.
Atmospheric correction of HJ1-A/B images and the effects on remote sensing monitoring of cyanobacteria bloom
Authors: Ma H. , Guo S. , Hong X. , Zhou Y.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The HJ-1A/B satellite offers free images with high spatial and temporal resolution, which are effective for dynamically monitoring cyanobacteria blooms. However, the HJ-1A/B satellite also receives distorted signals due to the influence of atmosphere. To acquire accurate information about cyanobacteria blooms, atmospheric correction is needed. HJ-1A/B images were atmosphere corrected using the FLAASH atmospheric correction model. Considering the quantum effect within a certain wavelength range, a spectral response function was included in the process. Then the model was used to process HJ-1A/B images, and the NDVI after atmospheric correction was compared with that before correction. The standard deviation improved from 0.13 to 0.158. Results indicate that atmospheric correction effectively reduces the distorted signals. Finally, NDVI was utilized to monitor the cyanobacteria bloom in Donghu Lake. The accuracy was enhanced compared with that before correction.