bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal pattern of forest degradation and loss of ecosystem function associated with Rohingya influx: A geospatial approach
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Emran , Zhang Li , Dewan Ashraf , Guo Huadong , Mahmood Riffat
Published: November 2020

Violence in Rakhine State of Myanmar forcibly displaced nearly one million Rohingya. They took refuge, from August 25, 2017 to the time of writing, in Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula of Bangladesh. Initially, nearly 2,000 ha of forested lands had to be cleared to accommodate them in one of the most ecologically critical areas (ECA) in the Peninsula. To support Rohingyas livelihoods, fuelwood collection and illegal logging have become widespread since their arrival, causing severe environmental degradation, including loss of a vast amount of forest cover. To devise conservation and protection strategies for a highly sensitive ecosystem, it is imperative to understand the degree of forest cover deterioration and associated impacts related to Rohingya emigration. This study employed satellite images and collateral data to monitor and model spatiotemporal patterns of forest cover degradation and loss of ecosystem function in Cox's Bazar–Teknaf Peninsula. Supervised classification method was used to derive multi‐date land use/cover data which was then utilized to monitor spatiotemporal pattern of forest cover change from 2017 to 2019. A projection of forest cover loss was also carried out using the Markov chain with cellular automata technique. Dynamic modeling was performed to predict changes in forest covers, assuming that displaced Rohingya continues to reside in this environmentally sensitive location. The result revealed that 3,130 ha of forested lands of different categories were transformed into either refugee camps or Rohingya influenced degraded forests between 2017 and 2019. Prediction showed that around 5,115 ha of forest cover may experience loss from 2019 to 2027. Furthermore, aboveground biomass and carbon stock estimation indicated a consistent and substantial loss during the study period, which is likely to swell if present deforestation rate continues. The findings have considerable implications in developing conservation decisions, priority interventions and public policies to save the ECA of Bangladesh.
Organic matter composition and heterotrophic bacterial activity at declining summer sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Piontek Judith , Galgani Luisa , Nöthig Eva‐Maria , Peeken Ilka , Engel Anja
Published: November 2020

The Arctic Ocean is highly susceptible to climate change as evidenced by rapid warming and the drastic loss of sea ice during summer. The consequences of these environmental changes for the microbial cycling of organic matter are largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along with heterotrophic bacterial activity in seawater and sea ice of the Eurasian Basin at the time of the record ice minimum in 2012. Bacteria in seawater were highly responsive to fresh organic matter and remineralized on average 55% of primary production in the upper mixed layer. Correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO) and dissolved amino acids (DAA), two major components of fresh organic matter, was related to the drawdown of nitrate. Nitrate‐depleted surface waters at stations adjacent to the Laptev Sea showed about 25% higher concentrations of DAA than stations adjacent to the Barents Sea and in the central Arctic basin. Carbohydrate concentration was the best predictor of heterotrophic bacterial activity in sea ice. In contrast, variability in sea‐ice bacterial biomass was largely driven by differences in ice thickness. This decoupling of bacterial biomass and activity may mitigate the negative effects of biomass loss due to ice melting on heterotrophic bacterial functions. Overall, our results reveal that changes in DOM production and inventories induced by sea‐ice loss have a high potential to enhance the bacterial remineralization of organic matter in seawater and sea ice of the Arctic Ocean.
A topological approach to nonlocal elliptic partial differential equations on an annulus
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S.
Published: November 2020

For we consider the nonlocal ordinary differential equation
subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions . Due to the term appearing in the equation, this is a class of nonlocal differential equations. By using a novel order cone we are able to establish existence of a positive solution to this problem by means of topological fixed point theory. The preceding problem is really a special case of a more general problem that we consider – namely, the existence of a positive radially symmetric solution to the nonlocal elliptic partial differential equation
subject to , for , where Ω is an annular region when .
A Clinicopathologic Study of Movement Disorders in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: de Pablo‐Fernández Eduardo , González‐Herrero Belén , Cerdán Santacruz Debora , Rossor Martin N. , Schott Jonathan M. , Lashley Tammaryn , Holton Janice L. , Fox Nick C. , Revesz Tamas , Warren Jason D. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warner Thomas T.
Published: November 2020

Background

Despite the considerable overlap with atypical parkinsonism, a systematic characterization of the movement disorders associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is lacking.

Objective

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed description of the phenomenology and neuropathologic correlations of movement disorders in FTLD.

Methods

In this cohort study, movement disorder clinical data were retrospectively collected from medical records of consecutive patients with a postmortem diagnosis of FTLD from the Queen Square Brain Bank between January 2010 and December 2018. At postmortem, neurodegenerative pathologies were systematically evaluated following consensus criteria. Degeneration of the substantia nigra was assessed as a marker of presynaptic dopaminergic parkinsonism using semiquantitative methods.

Results

A total of 55 patients (35 men [64%]) were included with median (interquartile range) age at diagnosis of 58.8 (52.6–63.9) years and a disease duration of 9.6 (6.2–12.9) years. Movement disorders were present in 19 (35%) patients without differences among disease subtypes. The most common syndromes were parkinsonism (9 patients [16%]), usually as an additional late feature, and corticobasal syndrome (CBS, 7 patients [13%]), commonly as a presenting feature. Substantia nigra degeneration was present in 37 (67%) patients although it did not show a good clinical correlation with movement disorders. Those with Pick's disease showed milder substantia nigra degeneration and better response to levodopa.

Conclusions

Movement disorders can present in all FTLD subtypes, more commonly as a late additional feature (parkinsonism) or as a presenting symptom (CBS). The underlying pathophysiology is complex and likely to involve structures outside the presynaptic striatonigral system. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The modern view on the role of glyprolines by metabolic syndrome
Authors: Myasoedov Nikolai F. , Lyapina Lyudmila A. , Andreeva Lyudmila A. , Grigorieva Marina E. , Obergan Tamara Y. , Shubina Tatiana A.
Published: November 2020

The analysis of the literature data and own experimental studies on the effect of glyproline peptides on fat, carbohydrate metabolism, and hemostasis system when modeling metabolic syndrome in animals (rats) was carried out. Violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism are characterized by hypercoagulation, increased glucose levels, dyslipidemia, and decreased rheological properties of blood. In this condition, the arginine‐ and lysine‐containing glyprolines (PGP, PRP, RPGP, KKRRPGP, RKKRPGP, and KRRKPGP) at multiple (7 days) intranasal introduction had a complex effect on the hemostatic parameters, increasing antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma. All the studied drugs also showed normoglycemic and normolipidemic effects and led to a slowdown or decrease in body weight growth. The analysis of the presented material allows us to speak about the prospects of using hit compounds as protective therapeutic agents. In the case of violations of fat and carbohydrate metabolism, regulatory glyprolines protect the body by displaying antithrombotic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties.
New York BH providers face revenue, tech, other challenges amid COVID‐19
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2020

Even though the pandemic hit more than seven months ago, there are few reports that address specific barriers and challenges being faced by behavioral health care providers and organizations, according to researchers of a qualitative content analysis of survey findings. The Rutgers survey of New York mental health and addiction providers focused on behavioral health delivery in response to COVID‐19 in April and May.
Survey finds telehealth services raise potential for fraud
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2020

While COVID‐19 has increased pressure on federal and state legislators to promote telehealth service access, increased use of telehealth is putting greater focus on the potential for fraudulent behavior and enforcement activity, according to a survey conducted by a national law firm with a primary focus on health care and life sciences, employment, labor and workforce management.
MHA president reflects on election, urges plan to address MH
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2020

“Over the past few weeks, a record number of people across our nation showed up to cast their vote for leaders they believe represent their values. Even amid a pandemic that has left more than 200,000 of our loved ones dead, created the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression, and ignited a mental health crisis like we've never seen before, we turned out in record numbers to vote. We made our voices heard.
Multiseason production planning under export quotas
Authors: Chen Tianxiao , Gong Xiting , Li Qing , Xu He
Published: November 2020

An export quota is a direct restriction on the quantity of certain goods that can be exported and is an important instrument in international trade policy. In this study, we focus on an exporting firm and examine the implication of export quotas on its production and inventory policies. In particular, the firm applies for an exporting license every season (eg, year) and the amount it can sell is unknown for certainty in advance. The firm must determine its production quantity every period (eg, month) under a production capacity constraint. The presence of quotas decouples inventory from sales: the firm can sell its goods if and only if the quota permits, and this changes the way it manages its production and inventory. We show that the firm in general benefits from stockpiling—produce up to an inventory level higher than current quota. Stockpiling happens if and only if the remaining quota for the current season is smaller than a threshold value. It is more likely to happen when it is closer to the end of a season or when the quotas in future seasons are larger. Although the inventory in excess of current quota cannot be used to fill the demand in the current season, they will be needed in future seasons when new quotas are released and the firm cannot increase production quickly enough due to capacity constraints. Our numerical studies show that the cost of limiting production only to current quota can be substantial.
On solutions of time‐fractional advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Attia Nourhane , Akgül Ali , Seba Djamila , Nour Abdelkader
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present an attractive reliable numerical approach to find an approximate solution of the time‐fractional advection–diffusion equation (FADE) under the Atangana–Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense (ABC) with Mittag–Leffler kernel. The analytic and approximate solutions of FADE have been determined by using reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM). The most valuable advantage of the RKHSM is its ease of use and its quick calculation to obtain the numerical solution of the FADE. Our main tools are reproducing kernel theory, some important Hilbert spaces, and a normal basis. The convergence analysis of the RKHSM is studied. The computational results are compared with other results of an appropriate iterative scheme and also by using specific examples, these results clearly show: On the one hand, the effect of the ABC‐fractional derivative with the Mittag–Leffler kernel in the obtained outcomes, and on the other hand, the superior performance of the RKHSM. From a numerical viewpoint, the RKHSM provides the solution's representation in a convergent series. Furthermore, the obtained results elucidate that the proposed approach gives highly accurate outcomes. It is worthy to observe that the numerical results of the specific examples show the efficiency and convenience of the RKHSM for dealing with various fractional problems emerging in the physical environment.
An improved two‐loop model predictive control design for nonlinear robust reference tracking with practical advantages
Authors: Farajzadeh‐D. Mohammad‐G. , Sani S. K. Hosseini
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the nonlinear robust reference tracking problem is considered and an Improved Two‐Loop Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (ITL‐NMPC) design is proposed for a pre‐controlled system with bounded uncertainties subject to input and state constraints. In the industry, this scheme leads the lower design cost and fewer implementation risks since (i) it allows the existing controller to remain unchanged without any manipulation, (ii) it does not need the open‐loop model of the pre‐controlled system, and (iii) it does not require the terminal cost and constraint definition. For the proposed ITL‐NMPC, a practical parameter tuning algorithm is introduced and its robust exponential stability, as well as recursive feasibility, are guaranteed. Simulation results are used to better illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show that the proposed method not only improves the control performance of the pre‐controlled system but also reduces the design cost while satisfying the constraints.
Evaluation of Co/SSZ‐13 Zeolite Catalysts Prepared by Solid‐Phase Reaction for NO‐SCR by Methane
Authors: Charrad Rania , Solt Hanna E. , Valyon József , Trif László , Ayari Faouzi , Mhamdi Mourad , Hancsók Jenő , Lónyi Ferenc
Published: November 2020

Co/SSZ‐13 zeolites were prepared by heating the finely dispersed mixture of NH4‐SSZ‐13 and different cobalt salts up to 550 °C. Investigations by thermogravimetry – differential scanning calorimetry – mass spectrometry provided new insight into details of the solid‐state reaction. Formation of Co carrying hydrate melt or volatile species was shown to proceed from chloride, nitrate, or acetylacetonate Co precursor salts upon thermal treatment. This phase change allows the transport of the Co species into the zeolite pores. The reaction of the NH4+ or H+ zeolite cations and the mobile Co precursors generates vapor or gas products, readily leaving the zeolite pores, and cobalt ions in lattice positions suggesting that solid‐state ion‐exchange is the prevailing process. The obtained catalysts are of good activity and N2 selectivity in the CH4/NO‐SCR reaction. The thermal treatment of acetate or formate salts give solid intermediates that are unable to get in contact and react with the cations in the zeolite micropores. These catalysts contain mainly Co‐oxide clusters located on the outer surface of the zeolite crystallites and have poor catalytic performance.
South Africa's engagement with Russia in the era of the “new dawn”
Authors: Nkuna Vongani M. , Shai Kgothatso B.
Published: November 2020

Dubbed as the beginning of the “new dawn,” the year 2018 has served as a watershed moment in terms of South Africa's domestic and international affairs. The basis for this narrative is the fact that in February 2018, Cyril Ramaphosa succeeded Jacob Zuma as the President of South Africa. Among others, this change of guard in South Africa's presidency has ushered an emerging narrative about South Africa's future engagement with Russia in the context of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) grouping. Unlike former President Zuma who was seemingly inclined towards the East, President Ramaphosa has been linked by observers to the West. It is on this basis that, this paper attempts to address the following central question: Does the Ramaphosa presidency represent a catalyst for change or continuity in terms of South Africa engagement with Russia in the context of BRICS? As a way of departing from the dominant tradition in International Relations of either locating studies of this nature within the realist or liberal perspective, the authors of this paper proposes a holistic approach which is based on the theory of Afrocentricity (also read as a Diopan perspective) and interdisciplinary critical discourse analysis in its broadest form. In this context, this paper establishes an argument that it is not “business as usual” insofar as South Africa's present engagement with Russia is concerned.
Context and innovation in traditional bureaucracies: A Hong Kong study
Authors: Scott Ian
Published: November 2020

Traditional bureaucracies, defined in Weberian terms, are almost invariably seen as antithetical to innovation. Yet, although the academic literature presents an array of formidable structural barriers to the emergence and implementation of new ideas, innovation does occur in traditional bureaucracies. How can the structural impediments be overcome? What are the processes that enable innovation to take place? Based on a longitudinal study of the Hong Kong government's innovation policies and practices, it is argued that political context is a critical variable explaining how, even in rigid traditional bureaucracies, barriers may be avoided or temporarily suspended. Two contrasting case studies are used to illustrate, first, the importance of political commitment in gaining acceptance for new ideas and, second, the failure of agencies dedicated to innovation to achieve their objectives. It is postulated that circumventing structural barriers or working through political channels to reduce their impact may be a more constructive strategy than creating dedicated agencies to develop innovative measures. The study is grounded in a literature review, documentary evidence from the Hong Kong government's innovative agencies, and interviews with senior staff from those agencies.
The evolution of anti‐emetic prescriptions in primary care, between 2006 and 2016
Authors: De Bandt David , Safsaf Sarah , Bourrion Bastien , Francois Mathilde
Published: November 2020

Context

Serious adverse events related to the use of domperidone and metoclopramide have been consistently reported in the literature for many years. This led to a restriction of their use in the early 2010s.

Objective

The main objective was to analyse the evolution of antiemetic prescription rate in French general practise between 2006 and 2016. The secondary objectives were to highlight prescription transfers for metopimazine and to quantify the impact on health expenditures.

Method

All patients from a representative sample of a national administrative claims database, the French national health insurance database, were included between 2006 and 2016. Trends in annual anti‐emetic prescription rates by general practitioners were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender and the existence of cancer. The cost of theses changing prescription habits was quantified via Médic'AM, a public drug expenditure database.

Results

Around 669 020 individuals were included with a mean 8‐year follow‐up; 48 634 patients received an anti‐emetic at least once between 2006 and 2016. Prescription rates for all antiemetics decreased significantly from 2.1% to 0.4%, especially for metoclopramide from 0.5% to 0.1%, for domperidone from 1.5% to 0.1% and for metopimazine from 0.4% to 0.2%, which is not in favour of prescription transfers. Expenses fell from 30 million euros in 2006 to 10 million in 2016.

Conclusion

Decreases in anti‐emetic prescription rates and public health expenditures preceded the publication of official recommendations to reduce the use of metoclopramide and domperidone, without prescription transfers for metopimazine.
PPKTP Applications: Quantum Encryption
Authors: Plaut Yehiel
Published: November 2020

Quantum encryption is also known as quantum cryptography, or quantum key distribution (QKD). It is an application in the field of communications, whereby quantum mechanics is used to encrypt messages on single photons, so that unintended recipients cannot read the messages. Quantum encryption allows two parties to establish private encryption keys in an extremely secure manner.
Why, When and How to Apply Active Alignment
Authors: Spoorendonk Wouter , Beusenberg Marc
Published: November 2020

Consumers, and therefore industries, are asking for higher performance, more complex, and smaller devices and sensors, which in turn increases the demand for high quality imaging. This drives up the accuracy of manufacturing optical systems. As complexity and accuracy increase, so do manufacturing challenges. Many optical system production systems can no longer rely on only mechanical alignment of components but need active alignment.
Wire‐to‐Wire Victory
Authors: Nathala Chandra S. R. , Dini Christian
Published: November 2020

The demand for minimally invasive surgery is continuously growing. Especially when it comes to the treatment of peripheral vascular and coronary artery diseases high quality medical devices are the key for long‐term favorable outcomes. In the past years, shape‐memory alloys (SMA) known to exhibit superelasticity and shape memory behaviors, have revolutionized the medical device manufacturing market. Nitinol is one of the most successfully used SMA. But there are challenges in the industrial machining of the alloy.
The iterative synthesis of discrete dimethylsiloxane oligomers: A practical guide
Authors: Lamers Brigitte A. G. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Meijer E. W.
Published: November 2020

Discrete dimethylsiloxane oligomers are interesting building blocks for the synthesis of high χ–low N block co‐oligomers (BCOs) forming highly organized nanostructures. Here, a practical guide to the synthesis of molecularly defined oligodimethylsiloxanes (oDMS) from 7‐mer to 40‐mer via a linear growth strategy is described. The iteration of a hydroxylation reaction and the condensation of mono‐ or bifunctional hydroxysiloxanes with chloro‐octamethyltetrasiloxane results in asymmetric and symmetric siloxanes, respectively. The synthesis contains critical washing and purification steps to remove minor amounts of low and high‐molecular weight byproducts, which are detected using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and size‐exclusion chromatography. The oligomers are obtained on a multigram scale in yields of 94–50% and in high purity with only one molar mass detected. The formation of the chloride, hydroxide or hydride functional groups is adequately analyzed using 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The hydride terminated siloxane oligomers are used in Karstedt catalyzed hydrosilylation reactions with alkene‐functional substrates to obtain oDMS‐based oligomers and BCOs. Byproduct formation as a result of isomerization and reduction are followed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and minimized using dry conditions and low‐catalyst loadings.
Evaluation of the effect of curcumin on pneumonia: A systematic review of preclinical studies
Authors: Alikiaii Babak , Bagherniya Mohammad , Askari Gholamreza , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: November 2020

Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and causes a significant burden on the healthcare systems. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical with anti‐inflammatory and anti‐neoplastic characteristics. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the effect of curcumin on preclinical models of pneumonia. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception up to March 1, 2020 to recognize experimental or clinical trials assessing the effects of curcumin on pneumonia. We identified 17 primary citations that evaluated the effects of curcumin on pneumonia. Ten (58.8%) studies evaluated the effect of curcumin on mouse models of pneumonia, generated by intranasal inoculation of viruses or bacteria. Seven (41.2%) studies evaluated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the pneumonia‐inducing bacteria. Our results demonstrated that curcumin ameliorated the pneumonia‐induced lung injury, mainly through a reduction of the activity and infiltration of neutrophils and the inhibition of inflammatory response in mouse models. Curcumin ameliorates the severity of pneumonia through a reduction in neutrophil infiltration and by amelioration of the exaggerated immune response in preclinical pneumonia models.
Conservative management of airway tear as a complication of silicone endobronchial stenting in bronchomalacia secondary to endobronchial tuberculosis
Authors: Huan Nai‐Chien , Ng Khai Lip , Nasaruddin Mona Zaria , Muhammad Noorul Afidza , Daut Ummi Nadira , Abdul Rahaman Jamalul Azizi
Published: November 2020

Tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) is a potentially debilitating complication of endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB). Endobronchial interventions including silicone stent insertion is an acceptable approach to improve quality of life among patients with TSTB. However, little is known about the optimal management strategy for patients with bronchomalacia secondary to EBTB (B‐EBTB) and whether stent‐related complication rates are higher among this group of patients. Herein, we report two patients with B‐EBTB who unfortunately developed bronchial tear related to silicone endobronchial stenting. Both patients were successfully managed conservatively without the need for emergency open surgery. We hypothesize that endobronchial intervention might be more beneficial for patients with pure TSTB and might be riskier in cases of bronchomalacia with reduced airway thickness and loss of airway cartilaginous support. More future studies are needed to bridge the current gap in knowledge regarding the optimal management and role of endobronchial interventions among patients with B‐EBTB.
Continuous Severe Plastic Deformation of Low‐Carbon Steel: Physical–Mechanical Properties and Multiscale Structure Analysis
Authors: Zavdoveev Anatoliy , Baudin Thierry , Pashinska Elena , Kim Hyoung Seop , Brisset Francoi , Heaton Mark , Poznyakov Valeriy , Rogante Massimo , Tkachenko Viktor , Klochkov Ilya , Skoryk Mykola
Published: November 2020

A successful attempt to incorporate the advantages of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods in the continuous drawing process for low‐carbon steel is demonstrated. The structural features are considered on different scale levels, using a wide range of methods. While combining shear deformation, which parallels the basis of SPD with the conventional scheme, the cyclic process of grain refinement could be reached. As a result, the plasticity becomes enhanced. At the same time, an important characteristic such as residual stress also has a positive influence on manufacturability; particularly, the existence of the compression stress after shear deformation. The peculiarity of the structure affects the behavior of both mechanical and physical properties (like density, plasticity). The application of drawing with shear (DSh) technology as based on SPD principles, the mechanical softening effect is observed, as is the healing of microvoids. Such positive affection gives the opportunity to increase the effectiveness of drawing technology through controlling plasticity (ductility). In addition, it is considered exhaustion of the plasticity resource (EPR). It is shown that in the case of multipass deformation, there is a parabolic dependence of the EPR measurement, and minimum damage is achieved using a specific combination of partial reductions.
Prediction of the basic creep of concrete with high substitution of Portland cement by mineral additions at early age
Authors: Delsaute Brice , Torrenti Jean‐Michel , Staquet Stéphanie
Published: November 2020

The present work analyses the basic creep of concrete compositions for which 75% of Portland cement is substituted by limestone filler and/or blast furnace slag. Compressive creep tests are performed during and after the peak of hydration of the slag in order to track the effect of the slag on the development of the creep properties. An adapted version of the Model Code 2010 (MC2010) is used to model basic creep. It is observed that the high substitution rate of cement by limestone filler and/or slag leads to a significant change in the evolution of the viscoelastic properties of concrete till a significant degree of reaction of slag is reached. It corresponds to the end of the second peak of hydration due to slag. After the slag peak of hydration, the basic creep is similar to ordinary Portland cement concrete with equivalent water‐to‐binder ratio. For very early age, a new model is developed and is composed of two terms, which consider the hydration of (a) Portland cement and (b) slag in the aging of the specific creep function.
Synthesis of sophocarpine triflorohydrazone and its proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction activity in myeloma cells through Notch3‐p53 signaling activation
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Wen , Huang Fangmei , Wu Xiaojian , Chen Wenbin , Dong Ming , Zhou Jie
Published: November 2020

Multiple myeloma is indicated by the presence of excessive monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow, which result in the formation of osteolytic lesions. The present study investigated SCA as anti‐proliferative agent for myeloma cells and explored the mechanism associated. Effect of SCA on viabilities of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptotic ratio using flow cytometry. Protein expression was investigated by western blotting and expression of genes related to Notch3‐p53 signaling axis using RT‐PCR assay. Increase in SCA concentration caused a significant (P < .01) reduction in KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cell viability. The KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cell viabilities were reduced to 29% and 21%, respectively on treatment with 21 μM doses of SCA. SCA treatment of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells significantly (P < .05) increased apoptosis compared with untreated cells. The Bcl‐2 (26 kDa) protein expression was reduced whereas the Bax (21 kDa) and cleaved caspase‐3 levels elevated in SCA treated KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells. Treatment with SCA significantly promoted Hes1, p53 (53 kDa) and Hey1 mRNA expression in KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells. Treatment of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells with SCA led to a marked reduction in Notch3 protein expression. SCA inhibits KRASA12 and AMO‐1 myeloma cell proliferation by promoting pro‐apoptotic proteins. Moreover, SCA treatment suppressed Hes1 and Hey1 mRNA expression and targeted Notch3 expression. Therefore, SCA may be studied further for development of treatment for myeloma.
Digitale Souveränität und Künstliche Intelligenz für den Menschen
Authors: Vogt Roland
Published: November 2020

Die Förderung der digitalen Souveränität von Personen, die von der Verwendung von Systemen der Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) betroffen sind, wird nur gelingen, wenn die KI selbst die Handlungsfähigkeit und -kompetenz des einzelnen Menschen unterstützt, statt sie seiner Kontrolle zu entziehen. Dies verlangt die Gestaltung von KI für den Menschen mit eingebauter digitaler Souveränität (Sovereignty by Design). Dafür spielt die Schaffung von Rahmenbedingungen aus Standardisierung und Bewertung eine zentrale Rolle.
Digitale Transformation im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Digitalisierungsstrategien und Gestaltung von Arbeit 4.0
Authors: Dispan Jürgen
Published: November 2020

Digitalisierung und Industrie 4.0 spielen im Rahmen der digitalen Vernetzung eine immer größere Rolle für den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau – und das sowohl als Anbieter als auch als Anwender digitaler Produkte. Digitale Geschäftsmodelle und neue Wettbewerber aus dem Bereich digitaler Plattformen stellen zunehmend Herausforderungen für die Maschinenbauunternehmen dar. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Digitalisierungsstrategien der Maschinenbauunternehmen ebenso wie mit dem Stand der Digitalisierung bei den Prozessen, Produkten und Geschäftsmodellen. Es werden Wirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf Beschäftigung untersucht sowie arbeits- und beschäftigungspolitische Herausforderungen in der Branche aus Sicht von Mitbestimmungsakteuren diskutiert. Daraus werden Gestaltungsfelder und strategische Orientierungen für die Mitbestimmungsträger erarbeitet.
Sixteen-dimensional locally compact planes of Lenz-type V on which $${\mathrm{SU}}_2 {\mathbb {H}}$$ acts as a group of collineations
Authors: Hähl Hermann , Meyer Ekkehard
Published: November 2020

We explicitly construct all the planes mentioned in the title.
On periodic solutions for one-phase and two-phase problems of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Kyed Mads , Shibata Yoshihiro
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to proving the existence of time-periodic solutions of one-phase or two-phase problems for the Navier–Stokes equations with small periodic external forces when the reference domain is close to a ball. Since our problems are formulated in time-dependent unknown domains, the problems are reduced to quasilinear systems of parabolic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions or transmission conditions in fixed domains by using the so-called Hanzawa transform. We separate solutions into the stationary part and the oscillatory part. The linearized equations for the stationary part have eigen-value 0, which is avoided by changing the equations with the help of the necessary conditions for the existence of solutions to the original problems. To treat the oscillatory part, we establish the maximal$$L_p$$Lp–$$L_q$$Lqregularity theorem of the periodic solutions for the system of parabolic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions or transmission conditions, which is obtained by the systematic use of$${\mathcal R}$$R-solvers developed in Shibata (Diff Int Eqns 27(3–4):313–368, 2014; On the$${{\mathcal {R}}}$$R-bounded solution operators in the study of free boundary problem for the Navier–Stokes equations. In: Shibata Y, Suzuki Y (eds) Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics, vol. 183, Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, Present and Future, Tokyo, Japan, November 2014, pp 203–285, 2016; Comm Pure Appl Anal 17(4): 1681–1721.10.3934/cpaa.2018081, 2018;$${{\mathcal {R}}}$$Rboundedness, maximal regularity and free boundary problems for the Navier Stokes equations, Preprint 1905.12900v1 [math.AP] 30 May 2019) to the resolvent problem for the linearized equations and the transference theorem obtained in Eiter et al. ($${{\mathcal {R}}}$$R-solvers and their application to periodic$$L_p$$Lpestimates, Preprint in 2019) for the$$L_p$$Lpboundedness of operator-valued Fourier multipliers. These approaches are the novelty of this paper.
A multi-field model for charging and discharging of lithium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Werner Marek , Pandolfi Anna , Weinberg Kerstin
Published: November 2020

An electrochemical–thermomechanical model for the description of charging and discharging processes in lithium electrodes is presented. Multi-physics coupling is achieved through the constitutive relations, obtained within a consistent thermodynamic framework based on the definition of the free energy density, sum of distinct contributions from different physics. The system is characterized by finite kinematics, under the assumption of locality of deformation, and the deformation gradient is decomposed into the product of elastic and inelastic parts. Specifically, a Taylor series expansion is used to approximate the inelastic deformation due to ion intercalation. The elastic part can be described alternatively by two finite kinematics models of neo-Hookean elasticity, and a Maxwell-type viscoelastic model accounts for time-dependent mechanical aspects. The model is implemented into a finite element code that uses B-spline basis functions. We illustrate the features of the model by means of selects examples, showing that chemo-mechanical interaction affects the equilibrium concentrations of the phases. The model captures the fundamental aspects of the anode charging and discharging processes.
Coupled thermal-structural modelling and experimental validation of spiral mandrel die
Authors: Nie Yi , Cameron Ian Michael , Sienz Johann , Lin Yueh-Jaw , Sun Wei
Published: November 2020

The conventional theoretical method to calculate deformations and stress states is only limited to a few cases of simple extrusion dies due to a number of assumptions and simplifications. A coupled thermal-structural modelling framework incorporating finite element method is thus developed and implemented to determine the mechanical performances of the complicated spiral mandrel die, which has a complex geometrical feature of spiral grooves and is exposed to severe conditions of thermal load and high pressure. The steady-state thermal analysis is carried out by mapping the temperature load on the flow channel from previously simulated flow characteristics of polymer melt. The structural analysis takes inputs from both thermal analysis and previously simulated pressure on polymer melt. Both the temperature and pressure loads on flow channel are transferred via the Smart Bucket Surface mapping algorithm. The mechanical properties of the spiral mandrel die are evaluated by analysing the deformation and stress distribution. The experimental validation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical model. The effects of both structure parameters of the spiral mandrel and processing parameters upon the maximum stress in the die body and the maximum pressure induced deformation at the die orifice are investigated.
Microbial Community Characterizing Vermiculations from Karst Caves and Its Role in Their Formation
Authors: Addesso Rosangela , Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose L. , D’Angeli Ilenia M. , De Waele Jo , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo , Jurado Valme , Miller Ana Z. , Cubero Beatriz , Vigliotta Giovanni , Baldantoni Daniela
Published: November 2020

The microbiota associated with vermiculations from karst caves is largely unknown. Vermiculations are enigmatic deposits forming worm-like patterns on cave walls all over the world. They represent a precious focus for geomicrobiological studies aimed at exploring both the microbial life of these ecosystems and the vermiculation genesis. This study comprises the first approach on the microbial communities thriving in Pertosa-Auletta Cave (southern Italy) vermiculations by next-generation sequencing. The most abundant phylum in vermiculations was Proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria > Actinobacteria > Nitrospirae > Firmicutes > Planctomycetes > Chloroflexi > Gemmatimonadetes > Bacteroidetes > Latescibacteria. Numerous less-represented taxonomic groups (< 1%), as well as unclassified ones, were also detected. From an ecological point of view, all the groups co-participate in the biogeochemical cycles in these underground environments, mediating oxidation-reduction reactions, promoting host rock dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation, and enriching the matrix in organic matter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy brought evidence of a strong interaction between the biotic community and the abiotic matrix, supporting the role of microbial communities in the formation process of vermiculations.
Analysis of nonideality: insights from high concentration simulations of sedimentation velocity data
Authors: Correia J. J. , Wright R. T. , Sherwood P. J. , Stafford W. F.
Published: November 2020

The Aviv fluorescence detection system (Aviv-FDS) has allowed the performance of sedimentation velocity experiments on therapeutic antibodies in highly concentrated environments like formulation buffers and serum. Methods were implemented in the software package SEDANAL for the analysis of nonideal, weakly associating AUC data acquired on therapeutic antibodies and proteins (Wright et al. Eur Biophys J 47:709–722, 2018, Anal Biochem 550:72–83, 2018). This involved fitting both hydrodynamic, ks, and thermodynamic, BM1, nonideality where concentration dependence is expressed as s = so/(1 + ksc) and D = Do(1 + 2BM1c)/(1 + ksc) and so and Do are values extrapolated to c = 0 (mg/ml). To gain insight into the consequences of these phenomenological parameters, we performed simulations with SEDANAL of a monoclonal antibody as a function of ks (0–100 ml/g) and BM1 (0–100 ml/g). This provides a visual understanding of the separate and joint impact of ks and BM1 on the shape of high-concentration sedimentation velocity boundaries and the challenge of their unique determination by finite element methods. In addition, mAbs undergo weak self- and hetero-association (Yang et al. Prot Sci 27:1334–1348, 2018) and thus we have simulated examples of nonideal weak association over a wide range of concentrations (1–120 mg/ml). Here we demonstrate these data are best analyzed by direct boundary global fitting to models that account for ks, BM1 and weak association. Because a typical clinical dose of mAb is 50–200 mg/ml, these results have relevance for biophysical understanding of concentrated therapeutic proteins.
Novel observations of Pacinian corpuscle distribution in the hands and feet based on high-resolution 7-T MRI in healthy volunteers
Authors: Germann Christoph , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel
Published: November 2020

Pacinian corpuscles represent special nerve endings that serve as mechanoreceptors sensitive to vibration and pressure and are crucial for proprioception. This work demonstrates that the complex network of Pacinian corpuscles in hands and feet can be examined with three-dimensional Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) MR imaging at 7 T, while previous dedicated MRI reports were either limited to two-dimensional images or focused on the hands. The high-resolution MR images show the detailed architecture of the complex receptor network and reveal a “chain-like” arrangement of Pacinian corpuscles, a predilection for clustering around metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints, proximal phalanges and fingertips, and specific sensor locations both in the superficial subcutaneous tissue and adjacent to deep soft tissue structures such as tendons and joint capsules.
Ein Blick auf aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Blockchains und deren Auswirkungen auf den Energieverbrauch
Authors: Sedlmeir Johannes , Buhl Hans Ulrich , Fridgen Gilbert , Keller Robert
Published: November 2020

Der enorme Stromverbrauch von Bitcoin hat dazu geführt, dass in Wissenschaft und Praxis oft eher undifferenziert Diskussionen über die Nachhaltigkeit von Blockchain- bzw. Distributed-Ledger-Technologie allgemein geführt werden. Allerdings ist die Blockchain-Technologie bereits heute alles andere als homogen – nicht nur hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendungen, die mittlerweile weit über Kryptowährungen hinaus in Wirtschaft und öffentlichen Sektor reichen, sondern auch bezüglich ihrer technischen Charakteristika und insbesondere ihres Stromverbrauchs. Dieser Beitrag fasst den Status quo des Stromverbrauchs verschiedener Implementierungen von Blockchain-Technologie zusammen und geht dabei besonders auf das kürzlich erfolgte Bitcoin Halving sowie sogenannte ZK-Rollups ein. Wir argumentieren, dass Bitcoin und andere Proof-of-Work-Blockchains zwar in der Tat sehr viel Strom verbrauchen, aber bereits heute alternative Blockchain-Lösungen mit deutlich geringerem Stromverbrauch verfügbar sind und weitere vielversprechende Konzepte erprobt werden, die gerade den Stromverbrauch von großen Blockchain-Netzwerken in naher Zukunft noch einmal deutlich senken könnten. Daraus schließen wir, dass die Kritik am Stromverbrauch von Bitcoin zwar legitim ist, jedoch daraus nicht eine Energieproblematik von Blockchain-Technologie generell abgeleitet werden darf. In vielen Fällen, in denen mithilfe von energieeffizienteren Blockchain-Varianten Prozesse digitalisiert oder verbessert werden können, darf sogar per Saldo durchaus mit Energieeinsparungen gerechnet werden.
Spectroscopic investigation of green synthesized ZnS nanoparticles encapsulated by sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Authors: Devi B. Lalitha , Rao K. Mohan , Ramananda D.
Published: November 2020

In this article, the capping action of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) on ZnS nanoparticles synthesized by microwave-assisted method is reported. The X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies corroborated nanocrystalline nature of cubic ZnS. Discontinuous cluster growth of particles was implied by optical absorption studies. This was reflected in transmission electron microscope images. Fourier-transform infrared studies confirmed NaCMC capping on the surface of ZnS nanoparticles. Effective encapsulation of ZnS nanoparticles by NaCMC was further supported by Raman scattering, thermal studies and photoluminescence studies. Surface modification of ZnS nanoparticles with NaCMC appear to be suitable for specific biomedical applications due to the nontoxicity of ZnS and NaCMC.
COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal?
Authors: Bola Sumrit , Jaikaransingh Dominic , Winter Stuart C
Published: November 2020

Purpose

As surgical specialties now begin the graduated return to elective activity and face-to-face clinics, this paper investigates the current head and neck outpatient practices across the United Kingdom.

Methods

A cross-sectional study comprised of an online 20-item survey was distributed to members of the British Association of Head & Neck Oncologists (BAHNO). The survey was open on a web-based platform and covered topics including safety measures for patients, protective equipment for healthcare staff and protocols for the use of flexible nasendoscopy in the clinic.

Results

The survey was completed by 117 participants covering 66 NHS Trusts across the UK. There was a significant reduction in face-to-face Otolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Speech and Language clinic patients when compared to pre-pandemic numbers (p < 0.0001). Risk assessments for flexible nasendoscopy were done for 69% of clinics and 58% had an established protocol. Room downtime after flexible nasendoscopy ranged from 0 to 6 h and there was a significant increase in allocated downtime after a patient had coughed/sneezed (p < 0.001). Natural ventilation existed in 36% of clinics and the majority of responders didn’t know the Air Change Per Hour (ACPH) of the clinic room (77%). Where ACPH was known, it often did not match the allocated room downtime.

Conclusion

There is a wide variation in outpatient activity across the United Kingdom, but adaptations are being made to try and maintain staff and patient safety. However, more can still be done by liaising with allied teams to clarify outpatient protocols.