bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architectural landscape ensemble of Pioneer palace on Vorobyovy gory. History and modernity
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Dormidontova V.V. , Kuznetsova K.I. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2020

This article deals with the problem of the significance of the Soviet period in the development of landscape architecture in our country and abroad. The object of research is the architectural and landscape ensemble of the Palace of pioneers on the Vorobyovy gory. To determine the origins and compositional value of this object, the stages in the development of Soviet landscape architecture are traced. The first stage is characterized — the period of constructivism in 1920–1930, which formed typologically new objects of landscape architecture — parks of culture and recreation, and had a decisive influence on the development of modernism throughout the world. The study of the works of Soviet landscape architects L.A. Ilyin, M.P. Korzhev, V.I. Dolganov, and M.I. Prokhorova revealed the techniques of architectural and landscape organization of objects of this period: functionality, conciseness, dynamics, asymmetry and scale. It is shown that the Palace of pioneers on the Vorob’ovy gory is one of the striking examples of the second stage, which came after the great Patriotic war, inheriting the techniques of constructivism and bearing the civilizational signs of the Soviet era in Russia. A comparative compositional analysis of its architectural and landscape composition in the past and present is carried out. The techniques by which the Palace of pioneers on the Vorobуovy gory had the quality of an ensemble are highlighted.
Strictly oblique projectors and their properties
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Vetoshkin A.M. , Shum A.A. ,   Tver’ State Technical University named after Afanasiy Nikitin
Published: October 2020

In this paper, strictly oblique projectors are defined as projectors that cannot be represented as the sum of two projectors, one of which is a nonzero orthoprojector. A theorem is proved that each projector can be represented in a unique way as the sum of a strictly oblique projector and an orthoprojector. The properties of such projectors are given. For example: if the projector is strictly oblique, then its Hermitian adjoint is also strictly oblique; the rank of a strictly oblique projector is at most n/2, where n is the order of the projector matrix; the property of the projector to be strictly oblique is preserved with a unitary similarity. The work is a continuation of the previous work of the authors, the main result of which is such a matrix expression for an arbitrary projector: where A and B are two matrices of full rank whose columns define range and the null space of this projector. Based on this result, the article shows that the strictly oblique part of any projector P is given by the expression: P(P – P+P)+P. And equality P = P(P – P+P)+P is a criterion that the projector P is a strictly oblique projector. The decomposition of the projector obtained in the work is applied to the practical problem of oblique projection onto the plane
Processing of substandard seeds of Banksa pine (Pinus Banksiana Lamb.) and Common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by a low-frequency electromagnetic field
Authors:   LLC Raznoservice, Smirnov A.I. , Orlov F.S. ,   LLC Raznoservice, Vasil’ev S.B. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Aksenov P.A. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Nikitin V.F. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2020

This paper presents the results of a study that was conducted in the laboratory of the LT1 Department of the Moscow state technical University. N.E. Bauman in December 2017. The aim of the study was to study the effect of a low-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on the germination of substandard seeds of banksa pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Two samples of banksa pine seeds that differ in their initial germination (2008 and 2010 collection) and one sample of common pine seeds (2012 collection) were selected for the study. Laboratory studies included 3 experiments, each in 3-fold repetition. Treatment experienced of the seeds of low-frequency EMFs was performed using a low frequency generator «Growth-Active» technology POSEP (pre-sowing seed treatment with electromagnetic field), served as control untreated seeds. To determine the germination energy, the seeds were sprouted in the laboratory on a special plant (Jacobsen’s table), with a constant water temperature of 24° C (according to GOST 13056.6–97). The results of the laboratory tests showed a high effectiveness of seed treatment technology POSEP, it can be regarded as a promising way to reveal the physiological potential of seeds of coniferous species, and it is bound to affect the quality of planting material.
State and prospects of tree bark use
Authors:   University of Sopron, Innovation Center, Pásztory Z. , Gorbacheva G.A. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Sanaev V.G. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Mohácsiné I.R. ,   University of Sopron, Innovation Center, Börcsök Z. ,   University of Sopron, Innovation Center
Published: October 2020

The tree bark has been used by mankind for centuries in various ways. The bark has special structure and chemical components, and it is used mostly among the natural raw materials. The bark has numerous functions during the lifespan of the plant, while itself is also changing due to its age. The outer bark is very diverse, depending on the species, the age and ecological factors. Between 3 and 4 hundred thousand cubic meter bark is produced yearly by forestry and woodworking industry, which is utilized in many ways, most of the bark is still burned. The article provides a literature review in the field of studies of the structure, properties, traditional and modern methods of using tree bark. After a short anatomical review, the protective role of bark for a living tree, the use of bark as an indicator of environmental pollution are discussed. Physical properties, chemical composition of the bark, debarking methods are considered. The complex chemical composition, wide variety of secondary metabolites, the physical and mechanical properties of the bark make it possible to use bark in medicine, the energy sector, agriculture and various fields of industry. The chemical exploration of the bark and producing different compounds from it, the production of particle and fiber boards based on bark, heat-insulating boards, composite materials, and water and gas clarification are increasingly comes to the front and becoming the most perspective areas of application of tree bark as a unique natural material and a renewable resource representing huge potential for use in various fields of human life.
Mycolysis of wood, its products and their use. II. Biological and morphological processes of mycological destruction of wood
Authors:   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Kononov G.N. , Verevkin A.N. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Serdyukova Yu.V. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch), Zaitsev V.D. ,   BMSTU (Mytishchi branch)
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to some questions of the biology of wood-destroying fungi: the processes of their nutrition, growth, reproduction and development as xylophytes. The classification of «rot» formed by the action of wood-destroying fungi at the place of their location in a woody plant and the nature of the destruction of wood is considered. The characteristics of the stages of mycological destruction of wood in terms of changes in its morphology are given. The effect of changes in the structure of mycologically destroyed wood on its physical properties is shown.
Molecular markers in the genetic analysis of crossability of bread wheat with rye
Authors: Porotnikov I. V. , Antonova O. Yu. , Mitrofanova O. P.
Published: October 2020

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the varieties of which are widely used for the grain production, is difficultly crossable with related species of Triticeae Dum. This factor limits the chance of introduction of alien genetic material into the wheat gene pool and the possibility of new varieties breeding with good adaptation to adverse environmental factors. The crossability between wheat and related species is controlled by Kr1-Kr4 genes (Crossability with Rye, Hordeum and Aegilops spp.) and the SKr gene (Suppressor of crossability). SKr and Kr1 have the largest influence on the trait. In the case of the recessive alleles, these genes do not function and the quantity of hybrid seeds after pollination with alien species can achieve more than 50 %. SKr is located on 5BS between the GBR0233 and Xgwm234 markers, closely linked with the markers Xcfb341, TGlc2 and gene12. Kr1 was mapped on 5BL, proximally to the Ph1 gene, between the EST-SSR markers Xw5145 and Xw9340. The markers of SKr were used to control the transfer of its recessive allele into other wheat genotypes, which made it possible to obtain highly crossable forms. However, the advantages of using the SKr and Kr1 markers in marker-assisted selection and in the screening of ex situ collections are not sufficiently studied. The published Kr1 sequence for varieties with different crossability offers great prospects, because it will be possible to create allele-specific markers. In this review, the following issues are considered: genetic resources created by wheat and rye hybridization, the geographical distribution of easy-to-cross forms of wheat, genetic control of the wheat and rye compatibility, advances of the use of molecular markers in the mapping of Kr-genes and their transmission control.
La «realización científica» en la sociología de Colombia: una aproximación al estado de la disciplina
Authors: Masías Nuñez Rodolfo , Aristizábal Botero Carlos
Published: October 2020

Este estudio se aboca al conocimiento de la «realización científica» en la sociología colombiana. Son dos sus objetivos: analizar la realización científica como cuestión particular; y examinarla como una expresión del estado de la disciplina. Se busca complementar los «estados de la sociología» como apro­ximaciones globales, por lo general tendientes a observar la evolución de los temas de investigación y los desarrollos institucionales, pedagógicos y metodológicos en el campo de los sociólogos. «Rea­lización científica» abarca la «producción» y «productividad» académica, pero como concepto forma parte de una perspectiva que las localiza en otra teoría, lo que faculta a una interpretación alternativa de estos mismos fenómenos. El estudio se basa en un diseño muestral cuya unidad de análisis es el sociólogo o socióloga de las plantas académicas de las universidades con programas de sociología. Tiene como fuente las hojas de vida que los investigadores proveen al sistema nacional de la ciencia en Colombia (CVLAC). Ahí se halla toda su información académica y científica. Se presentan señales de un mundo sociológico fragmentado en términos de realización científica, como consecuencia de las grandes trasformaciones institucionales recientes. Esta fragmentación indica desigualdad entre los sociólogos. Una constata­ción así favorece la discusión sobre la constitución social de la sociología.
Espaciamiento intercultural: la construcción del territorio simbólico y sus cartografías ético-estéticas como memoria visual de los procesos de pertenencia en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Villavicencio Monti Karla
Published: October 2020

En el presente artículo se intenta exponer las posibilidades de representación simbólica del territorio desde un enfoque interdisciplinario del arte y la arquitectura. De esta manera, se desarrolla una metodología que, aplicada a las problemáticas periféricas del territorio y a su reconstrucción, posibilite la visualización de un patrimonio cultural inmaterial, el cual será expresado en la producción de cartografías imaginarias. Estas cartografías simbolizan valores ético-estéticos mediante la representación de la memoria visual contenida en los procesos de pertenencia dados en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana. ¿Cómo podríamos visibilizar los procesos de reconstrucción que realiza nuestra memoria en torno a los espacios donde vivimos y participamos? Nuestra propuesta es una metodología con base en tres fases del reconocimiento simbólico: la primera se inicia con una ruta personal de reordenamiento y reconstrucción de la propia identidad, a través del conocimiento topográfico del territorio; la segunda, con el desarrollo de bosquejos cartográficos que promuevan la visualización de la intersubjetividad contenida en los procesos de las problemáticas colectivas de la ciudad; y la tercera, con la identificación y visibilización del valor patrimonial contenido en los componentes ético-estéticos de la convivencia social. Esta metodología será explicada mediante el desarrollo de tres proyectos, dos de ellos son obras plásticas e instalativas individuales, «De Reducto 2 a la Portada de Maravillas. Hacia el descanso» y «Nuestra ruta de 50 años», mientras que el tercero es grupal: «CO[HABITAR]». Podemos reconocer que la visualización mediante la expresión cartográfica de las problemáticas colectivas de la ciudad, desde sus aspectos simbólicos, representa diversas posibilidades de reconocimiento de los acontecimientos vivenciados en el territorio. Esta visualización presenta diversas capas de comprensión, subjetiva e intersubjetiva, que se relacionan estrechamente con las experiencias culturales y sociopolíticas de sus participantes.
Linguocognitive Foundations of Teaching English Negation
Authors: Motov Sergei V.
Published: October 2020

Negation is a fundamental category in English that permeates the entire structure of the language. Learning negation is an important aspect of comprehensive language acquisition. We substantiate the possibility of teaching negation on a linguocognitive basis using principles and practices obtained in the framework of cognitive linguistics. Insight into the wide range of language means of expressing negation and its functional characteristics in English are provided. Apart from that, the structure of the semantic category of negation, its prototypical core, and the near and far periphery are described. Each of the functional characteristics of negation – absence, inconsistency, negative assessment, negative communicative reaction – is examined in detail. We provide examples of activities aimed at teaching the aforementioned functions of negation and peculiar properties of such teaching. Apart from that, it analyzes the advantages of the linguocognitive approach to teaching each of the functional characteristics of negation, as well as the cognitive mechanisms underlying them. We consider the possible difficulties of teaching negation and proposes ways to overcome them. It provides evidence for the high integrative and explicative potential of the linguocognitive approach to teaching negation in English which helps to combine the successful principles and methods proposed in both the traditional approach and the communicative language teaching.
Trends of pedagogical education – main directions of development of Pedagogical Institute
Authors: Gushchina Tatyana I. , Makarova Lyudmila N. , Kurin Andrey Y.
Published: October 2020

We consider the main trends in the development of pedagogical education, among which are highlighted: the formation of a system of continuing pedagogical education; development of digital pedagogy: e-learning and e-learning environment; reliance on practical orientation in the educational process and personalization of education; development of STEAM-education and the formation of educational ecosystem, taking into account the principles of openness, flex-ibility, scalability. Based on the proposed trends, we describe the main guidelines and develop-ment directions of the Pedagogical Institute of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Derzhavin Tambov State University”. The experience of implementing the regional project “New models of pedagogical classes” is described: the models “Pedagogical pre-university” and “Network pedagogical class”; organization and implementation of the online learning process in a pandemic; experience in the implementation of pedagogical and socially significant projects and activities that form the so-called educational ecosystem at the Pedagogical Institute, etc. Among the main development prospects are: specification and expansion of the nomenclature of programs of pedagogical areas of training with two profiles; development and implementation of pedagogical internship programs; creation and approbation of didactic simulators as part of the development of the electronic educational environment of the Pedagogical Institute, etc.
Visualização da ventilação natural em ensaios na mesa d´'água comparado a simulações computacionais
Authors: Xavier Ana Clara de Almeida , Gularte Izabella Hafele , Mizgier Martin Ordenes , Lukiantchuki Marieli Azoia
Published: October 2020

No processo de projeto nota-se a existência de uma lacuna entre a teoria e a prática, principalmente com relação à ventilação natural. Isso requer o uso de métodos que auxilie a visualização do fluxo de ar nos edifícios e sua transferência para os projetos. Muitas das ferramentas confiáveis de predição da ventilação natural, como o túnel de vento e os softwares de Dinâmica dos Fluídos Computacional (Computational Fluid Dynamic – CFD), são complexas e caras, dificultando o seu uso durante o ensino e na prática dos projetistas. Diante disso, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é verificar se ferramentas simplificadas representam o escoamento do ar no projeto arquitetônico de maneira fiel. Para isso, a visualização da ventilação natural através de experimentações simplificadas é comparada com ferramentas complexas e de alta confiabilidade, como simulações CFD. O método foi dividido em 3 etapas. Primeiramente, foi construído um modelo físico modular, baseado na literatura especializada. Em seguida, ensaios na mesa d'água foram executados. Por fim, simulações computacionais em uma ferramenta simplificada (software Fluxovento) e em uma mais complexa baseada na Dinâmica dos Fluídos Computacional (software CFX) foram realizadas. Os resultados demonstram a compatibilidade entre as simulações CFD e os ensaios na mesa d´água, indicando que o ensino com essa ferramenta torna acessível o entendimento de conceitos básicos da ventilação natural. Já no Fluxovento, diferenças significativas foram registradas na análise do fluxo de ar, dificultando o entendimento da ventilação natural. Ressalta-se a característica modular do modelo para elaborar novos casos em estudo de ventilação natural.
inserção do Rio de Janeiro na rede de conhecimento de petróleo offshore
Authors: Françoso Mariane Santos , Hiratuka Celio
Published: October 2020

Em um contexto de redes de produção globais, as cidades são os locais do processo de geração de conhecimento, pois reúnem uma variedade de atores e ativos necessários para essa atividade sofisticada. A geração de conhecimento envolve a interação entre muitos atores localizados dentro da cidade, como empresas, universidades e centros de pesquisa, e também entre atores de diferentes cidades, constituindo uma forma de rede. No entanto, nem todas as cidades conseguem fazer parte dessa rede, e a literatura tem sido focada nas cidades do Norte Global e nas indústrias de alta tecnologia. Considerando essas questões, este artigo tem como objetivo mapear e investigar a rede de conhecimento no segmento de petróleo offshore, mostrando se (e como) as cidades do Sul global de países ricos em recursos naturais estão inseridas nesta rede. A análise é realizada no nível da cidade, destacando as cidades que aparecem como importantes locais de geração de conhecimento. Para atender a esses objetivos, criamos um banco de dados de patentes, desenvolvido a partir de patentes concedidas pelo USPTO entre 2007 e 2017, desenhamos uma rede com base na localização dos inventores e aplicamos a análise k-core. Descobrimos que o Rio de Janeiro é a única cidade de um país do Sul global e rico em recursos naturais, que aparece nas camadas mais centrais da rede. Identificamos que a inserção do Rio de Janeiro é baseada em dois grupos de atores que desempenham papéis diferentes, e que a inserção da cidade na rede é altamente influenciada pelo NOC local, a Petrobras.
Satisfacción de los pacientes ante la atención odontológica recibida en un hospital en Lima
Authors: Lara-Alvarez Jefferson Jonathan , Hermoza-Moquillaza Rocío Victoria , Arellano-Sacramento César
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la satisfacción de los pacientes que recibieron un servicio odontológico en un hospital en Lima. Material y métodos: El estudio fue observacional, transversal y descriptivo. La muestra estuvo confor- mada por 702 pacientes. Se utilizó el instrumento SERVQUAL modificado para determinar la satisfacción del paciente. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores o igual a 18 años de edad con derecho de ser atendidos que acudieron al área odontológica. Resultados: La frecuencia de pacientes insatisfechos fue de 88,6%, siendo 622 de 702 (p=0,000). La insatisfacción fue mayor en pacientes con una edad entre 35-49 años con un 34,5% y en pacientes que acudían a diagnóstico con un 30,9%; siendo en estos casos estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de pacientes que recibieron atención en el servicio odontológico estuvieron insatisfechos con la atención.
Adaptación de cofias Co-Cr fabricadas por colado por inducción y fusión selectiva láser en CAD/CAM
Authors: Salvatierra Sevillano Sheila Mariela , Rodriguez Carpio Karolay Elizabeth , Castillo Andamayo Diana Esmeralda , Quintana del Solar Martín Gilberto
Published: October 2020

Existen pocos estudios que comparen la adaptación de coﬁas de Cobalto-Cromo (Co-Cr) fabricadas por la técnica de cera perdida colada por centrifugación por inducción (CPCI) y fusión selectiva láser (SLM) en diseño y fabricación asistida por computador (CAD/CAM). Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro la adaptación marginal e interna de coﬁas unitarias de aleación Co-Cr sobre una línea de terminación tipo chamfer, fabricadas con la técnica CPCI y SLM en CAD/CAM. Material y Métodos: Se fabricaron 13 coﬁas de aleación Co-Cr para cada técnica. Se evaluó la adaptación marginal e interna utilizando la técnica de réplica de silicona. Cada réplica fue seccionada en sentido vestíbulo-palatino y mesio-distal para luego ser analizadas a nivel cervical, axial y oclusal mediante un estéreomicroscopio con aumento de 40X. Resultados: La discrepancia marginal de las coﬁas Co- Cr fabricadas por la técnica SLM fue 38.1μm y para la técnica CPCI fue 42,22μm sin diferencias signiﬁcativas (p>0,05). La discrepancia axial para las coﬁas fabricadas por técnica CPCI fue de 42,02μm y para la técnica SLM de 60,16μm con diferencia signiﬁcativa (p<0.05). La discrepancia oclusal para las coﬁas confeccionadas por la técnica CPCI fue de 101,94 μm y para la técnica SLM fue de 232,13μm con diferencia signiﬁcativa (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La adaptación marginal fue similar para las técnicas CPCI y SLM pero sin diferencias estadísticamente signiﬁcativas. La adaptación interna fue mejor para la técnica CPCI que para la técnica SLM con diferencias estadísticamente signiﬁcativas.
Tratamientos prostodónticos en adultos mayores realizados en un centro dental especializado entre los años 2016 y 2018
Authors: Lévano Loayza Sandro Alexander , Rodriguez Ramirez Gabriella Jackeline , Abanto Silva Lillie Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Los adultos mayores son más propensos a sufrir enfermedades y comorbilidades que afectan su estado bucal, por lo que necesitan de tratamientos prostodónticos acondicionados a su estado sistémico para devolverles la función masticatoria, estética y armonía oral. No obstante, la pobre cultura de prevención y la falta de profesionales especializados en su atención diﬁculta en gran medida esta labor. Objetivo: Determinar los tratamientos prostodónticos en pacientes adultos mayores realizados en el Servicio de Estomatología en Pacientes Especiales del Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia desde abril de 2016 hasta diciembre de 2018. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en una muestra de 144 adultos mayores con 200 tratamientos realizados. Se consideraron variables demográﬁcas como sexo, grupo etario y procedencia. Se elaboró una base de datos, y posteriormente tablas de contenido para el análisis de sus resultados. Resultados: La prótesis parcial removible fue el tratamiento más realizado para ambos sexos, 39,8% (n=57) para el sexo femenino y 38,6% (n=22) para el sexo masculino. De acuerdo al grupo etario, los viejos-viejos fueron los pacientes que más prótesis parcial removible se realizaron con 40,19% (n=43). La mayoría de los pacientes provenientes de Lima Norte se realizaron el tratamiento de prótesis parcial removible con 41.96% (n=47). Conclusiones: Las prótesis removibles predominaron más que las ﬁjas, siendo la prótesis parcial removible la que más se realizó. También se evidencio que el sexo femenino recibió más tratamientos prostodónticos y que el lugar de procedencia que más se registro fue el de Lima Norte, posiblemente por la cercanía al centro dental.
Odontología bajo anestesia general en el paciente con epilepsia: Reporte de caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: López Torres Ana Cristina , Alfaro Pacheco Carlos Eduardo , Abanto Silva Lillie Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

La atención clínica del paciente portador de epilepsia (EP) asociada a discapacidad intelectual (DI), representa un reto para el estomatólogo por su difícil manejo conductual. Estos pacientes requerirán de alternativas para poder llevar a cabo un tratamiento odontológico exitoso. La anestesia general (AG), es una alternativa ante la falla de las técnicas de manejo conductual, existencia de compromiso sistémico que lo amerite, acceso médico especializado distante al lugar de residencia o por circunstancias particulares de cada caso. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 27 años, con diagnóstico de EP asociada a DI, de difícil manejo conductual atendido bajo anestesia general en el servicio de Estomatología de Pacientes Especiales de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Objetivo: Este artículo busca presentar una revisión de la literatura y el Tratamiento Odontológico Integral bajo anestesia general de un paciente con Epilepsia asociada a Discapacidad Intelectual moderada. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con estas patologías de fondo son propensos a presentar deterioro del órgano bucal, por lo que requerirán prestaciones estomatológicas constantes. Por la poca colaboración de este tipo de pacientes, se debe considerar a la AG como alternativa para brindar el el tratamiento odontológico integral en un solo acto operatorio.
Ciencia y evolución del dióxido de zirconio, de la prioridad mecánica a la necesidad estética
Authors: Marcelo Jesús , Gallet-Alfaro Gerardo Miguel , Fernández-Jacinto Leila Maritza , Hinostroza-Noreña Diego
Published: October 2020

En la actualidad, los procedimientos de alta tecnología enfocados a las restauraciones en base a cerámicas dentales han permitido la evolución y perfeccionamiento de distintas formas de manufactura de restauraciones, iniciándose así, la utilización de cerámicas como el dióxido de zirconio. Objetivo: Identiﬁcar las publicaciones recientes de los materiales de restauración a base de dióxido de zirconio que incluyan estudios clínicos, propiedades mecánicas, físicas y estéticas, así como su evolución, manufactura y diversas aplicaciones en la práctica clínica diaria. Material y métodos: La búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se realizará en las bases de datos de PubMed y Ebsco, se considerarán publicaciones del 2010-2019 y que fueran investigaciones clínicas, laboratoriales y todas aquellas que mostraban la evolución en el tiempo del dióxido de zirconio, así como su aplicabilidad y diversiﬁcación. Resultados: Se revisaron 48 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de selección para la revisión bibliográﬁca. Se encontró que todas las restauraciones protésicas a base de dióxido de zirconio, indistintamente a su forma de utilización, mostraron un desempeño clínico muy similar a los tres años, después de ese tiempo, dependerá del tipo de utilización, composición y elección del caso. Conclusiones: El éxito clínico de las restauraciones en base a dióxido de zirconio, es debido a las múltiples ventajas mecánicas y, con las recientes modiﬁcaciones estructurales, sumadas al agregado de aditivos para su estabilización, se perﬁla como un material idóneo para el trabajo tanto en zonas estéticas como en áreas de necesidad de soporte mecánico con carga funcional elevada.
Love Bites – Do Venomous Arachnids Make Safe Pets?
Authors: Hauke Tobias J. , Herzig Volker
Published: October 2020

With a global estimate of tens of thousands of arachnid enthusiasts, spiders and scorpions are gaining increasing popularity as pets in industrialised countries in Europe, Northern America and Asia. As most spiders and all scorpions are venomous and due to their mostly negative image in the public media, several governments are already considering introducing legislation to regulate the domestic care of potentially dangerous captive animals. We aimed to investigate the circumstances and effects of exposure to arachnids kept in captivity. Thus, we collected and analysed data from 354 reported bites and stings attributed to pet arachnids. Our data revealed that on average there were less than 20 recorded envenomations per year with ~90% preventable by due care. We also categorized the severity of the resulting symptoms and found that the vast majority of symptoms were either local (60.7%) or moderate (32.8%), 5.4% were asymptomatic, only 1.1% were severe and no fatalities were recorded. Based on our database of bite and sting reports, we performed a risk assessment for arachnid pet ownership and concluded that with the proper care arachnids can be safely kept as pets and pose a lower risk than many other recreational activities.
Impacts of Deformed Bed Topography on Hydrodynamics in a Near-Bank Vegetated Channel: A Numerical Study
Authors: Liu Daoxudong , Li Wenjun
Published: October 2020

Understanding how the deformed bed topography induced by near-bank vegetation impacts the hydrodynamics is significant for understanding the maintenance condition of bed morphology and further fluvial evolution. This issue has rarely been addressed by current studies. This study with a 2D hydro-morphological model investigates the hydrodynamics over flat and deformed beds with a near-bank vegetation patch. By varying the patch density, the generalized results show that the hydrodynamics for the deformed bed differs a lot from those for the flat bed. It is found that deformed bed topography leads to an apparent decrease in longitudinal velocity and bed shear stress in the open region and longitudinal surface gradient for the entire vegetated reach. However, the transverse flow motion and transverse surface gradient in the region of the leading edge and trailing edge is enhanced or maintained, suggesting the strengthening of secondary flows. Interestingly, the deformed bed topography tends to alleviate the turbulent effect caused by the junction-interface horizontal coherent vortices, indicating that the turbulence-induced flow mixing is highly inhibited by the deformed bed. Alternatively, the enhanced secondary flows might provide compensation for the flow mixing for the deformed bed, confirmed by a faster recovery of the redistributed water discharge for the vegetated and open regions to the normal value (50%). The interior flow adjustment through the patch for the deformed bed requires a shorter distance, which links the vegetative drag length with a logarithmic relation. The tilting bed topographic effect in the open region to accelerate the flow may account for the faster flow adjustment.
Latest Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes: Exsisting Setup and “Post-Insulin” Standpoints
Authors: AL-SHABEEB AKIL AMMIRA-SARAH , Al-Maraghi Aljazi , YASSIN ESRAA , AL-MALKI KHULOD , FAKHRO KHALID
Published: October 2020

Type 1 diabetes affects millions of people globally and requires careful management to avoid serious long-term complications, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, and loss of sight. The present standard-of-care for type 1 diabetes is exogenic insulin substitutional therapy. The most advanced stretegies in this area is the development of hybrid-closed loop system and the producing of long-acting insulins. Progresses in stem cell therapies have started to revolutionize the care of patients with type 1 diabetes; however, significant challenges remain including the limited islets availability, difficulties in maintaining the viability, the heterogeneity within a complex pathology and in patients’ responses to treatment. On the way, a considerable amount of efforts in maximizing the islet transplantation effectiveness by controlling the advantageous of different stem cell approaches. With the availability and the use of big data, the concept of precision medicine is gaining wide attention worldwide and could bring the dream of “presonlaized” therapies as a reality in the near future. Here we review the current range of treatments available as well as recent pre-clinical breakthroughs in the field of personlaized medicine for type 1 diabetes.
The elderly in Brazil: demographic transition, profile, and socioeconomic condition
Authors: Fonseca Travassos Guilherme , Bragança Coelho Alexandre , Arends-Kuenning Mary Paula
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a revision about the elderly population in Brazil, addressing aspects of the demographic transition as it relates to socio-economic conditions and some consequences and trends associated with policies affecting Brazil’s elderly. Since a demographic transition has been occurring as a result of the aging of the Brazilian population, we identify a majority profile of Brazilian elderly as White women who live in urban areas in couple-without-children households, and possessing on average an education of 6.1 years and a smaller than minimum wage. We show that the vast majority of the elderly in Brazil receive some form of government income transfer that have a positive effect on poverty reduction in the segment. Finally, we show that there will be some future natural consequences and trends affecting the profile of the aging population, and that adjustments will need to be made by the government in terms of health and social security spending in order to mitigate the increased demands in these areas as the country's demographic change.
Spatial multicriteria model to analyze residential segregation in the colonias of El Paso, Texas
Authors: Botello Mares Adrián , Sánchez Flores Erick
Published: October 2020

Residential segregation, as an expression of the socio-economic differences of the population in the territory, is a phenomenon that has been studied from different perspectives, since segregation spaces manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the socio-cultural context in which they occur. However, having tools that allow its systematic identification and characterization, facilitates its approach as public policy spaces, for the improvement of the population’s living conditions. In this paper, we present the conceptual and methodological bases to approach the phenomenon of residential segregation from a set of spatial variables that explain objectively its distribution, using a multicriteria evaluation model. Particularly, we analyzed the case of study of the border city of El Paso, Texas, and its colonias, considering basic services, accessibility and population characteristics variables, derived from 2015 census data. Results show the highest concentration of residential segregation in the so-called colonias, because of the income conditions, below the poverty line, the distance from the central business district of the city, the lack of public transportation routes, and the deficiencies in residential services. The spatially expressed segregation variables allow for a better understanding of the phenomenon in measurable terms.
Daniel Defoe on the Issue of Prostitution: A Critical Exploration of Roxana The Fortunate Mistress
Authors: Boro Alidou Razakou Ibourahima , Seguedeme Alexis Hergie
Published: October 2020

Prostitution is said to be one of the world's oldest jobs. It is a social phenomenon with various root causes. Poverty, unemployment, and sometimes the necessity to do something to survive are some of the causes of prostitution. This activity is not without consequences for the practitioners. I have decided to critically explore Daniel Defoe’s Roxana the Fortunate Mistress to find out the reasons behind some women practicing such an activity. The study mainly focuses on the behaviour of the characters Roxana in the two novels. The main aim of the study is to put stress on the consequences of prostitution and draw the attention of the young generation on the dangers of prostitution and provide them with pieces of advice on the benefits of adopting decent behaviour. Based on psychoanalysis and feminism as literary theories, I conclude that prostitution is often linked to materialism and female greed.
Use Dynamic Simulation to Diagnose the Startup Failure of a Long Horizontal Well in the North Sea
Authors: Hu Bin , Olsen Anne Sofie , Hewitt Neal , John Branchflower Michael
Published: October 2020

Gas breakthrough for horizontal oil producers can sometimes be an advantage for keeping the well producing, particularly in late life when the reservoir pressure is low and the water-cut is high. However, this additional gas may be unavailable after a long shut-in due to the gas front migrating upwards from the near wellbore. This results in a much lower inflow of gas during well start-up, which can make it difficult to overcome the hydrostatic head to kick off the flow. This paper is intended to summarize the study of such a case where a high GOR horizontal well failed to start up after a long shut-in. The study considered all given potential causes of the start-up failure such as mechanical restrictions and the presence of a hydrate plug in addition to the assumption that only the low GOR oil rim would contribute to the inflow during the early phase of the start-up. A commercially available advanced transient multiphase flow simulator was used to simulate each scenario and the results were then compared with the field measurements. It was determined that the missing reservoir gas influx at the start-up was the most likely reason for the failure of the well to restart. This conclusion has provided valuable input to the well intervention decision making. After the study was completed, a light well intervention was performed on the well and it was confirmed that there was no mechanical blockage or restriction in the wellbore.
Reservoir Depletion Challenges - A Geomechanics Workflow Focused on Optimizing Late-Life Field Development
Authors: Thompson Nicholas , Renli Lasse , Reitan Håvard
Published: October 2020

Aging assets and higher depletion levels means increased challenges in terms of operations, well integrity and field development – completion and/or casing damage/collapse, restricted well access, low well pressure and restrictions in (or complete elimination of) conventional and/or safe drilling and completions windows. Nonetheless, the need to increase recovery factor and produce remaining reserves remains; thus, an ever-increasing number of fields are considering late-life development strategies where understanding the feasibility of future operational margins is critical. Through numerous related studies on this topic in recent years, we have developed an approach which focuses on the key elements affecting reservoir stress path, and subsequently, how our operational windows change with depletion/time. Focus is first given to adequate laboratory testing, specifically on uniaxial strain testing and identification of potential non-linear effects over the depletion range in question. A field-scale geomechanical modeling approach accounting for both stress dependency of elastic parameters and poroelastic effects is then implemented to consider also the potential effects of geometry and material heterogeneity. Last, supported by recent operational experiences, updated best practice suggestions with regards to fracture gradient considerations in depleted sections are implemented as direct model output, specifically for the future wellpaths and/or areas to be developed. Such critical thinking about the parameters most influential in controlling stress changes with pore pressure reduction has been used in numerous recent instances within Equinor in attempts to optimize field development decisions and build confidence in field development decisions. To demonstrate the value of this approach, examples are given where stress-dependent material parameters are implemented to match in situ stress testing results and the entire late-life workflow is applied to aid assets in critical development decision-making.
Drill-Bit Design Helps Mitigate Consequences of Well Collision
Authors: Verås Tor Jørgen , Bacon Robert , Årvik Tom Helge , Jacobsen Alexander
Published: October 2020

A North Sea operator had abandoned one of the inner slots of an offshore normally unmanned platform (NUI) that contained a stuck conductor, with the conductor shoe positioned 108 m below seabed at 1° inclination. Attempts to recover the conductor at the time proved unsuccessful and the slot was abandoned. However, the remaining slots on the platform were drilled and completed. With limited space and reservoir targets still to be developed, the operator later decided to use the abandoned slot to drill a production well. Given the stuck conductor and crowded platform, there were concerns for the integrity and safety of the surrounding wells.

Drilling of production wells must not only allow the reservoir to be developed, but also protect the integrity of the existing wells, and proceed in a safe manner. This requires compliance with company and governmental procedures, regulations, and best practices. To help ensure safe utilization of a compromised offshore slot (i.e., with a stuck conductor) on a congested platform, drilling had to comply with the company's strict anticollision (AC) policy of isolating health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risk wells. Extensive preventive measures were executed, including shutting in high-risk wells, evaluating current and offset wellbore conditions, and selecting the most appropriate drilling tools.

A custom drill bit was designed to provide the bottomhole assembly (BHA) control necessary to help minimize damage to the outside casing of any accidentally contacted well. This would further help mitigate the potential for drilling through multiple well barriers, and prevent expensive and complex remedial work. Field testing was critical to the design modifications and validated feasibility before use in the abandoned slot. These tests evaluated the new drill-bit design versus a conventional drill bit in a comparable, controlled environment.
Effect of Long-Term Aging in Carbonated Brine on Mechanical Properties of a Novel Cement System with an Expandable Agent
Authors: Todorovic Jelena , Opedal Nils Van , Werner Benjamin , Angelique Clausen Jill , Jæger Sweetman Kvassnes Astri
Published: October 2020

In this work we present results of long-term aging tests of a novel cement system (cement R) in carbonated brine and effect of reaction with CO2 on the mechanical properties. Aging tests in carbonated brine were performed for one week, four weeks and two months in a pressure cell at 100 bar and 80 °C. For each test, three cores were placed at the bottom of the cell and fully immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl brine. The cell was then pressurized with CO2 from the top. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was performed prior to and after the aging tests. Macro-porosity was estimated based on selection of appropriate grayscale range. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed on unexposed cores for reference and on the exposed cores after the aging tests. Reaction with the carbonated brine was observed already after one week of aging. The reaction front progressed further into the bulk after four weeks. However, the reaction slowed down after four weeks. There was no significant difference between samples exposed for four weeks and those exposed for two months. Precipitation of minerals on the surface occurred after four weeks, and this process continued after two months. Macro-porosity decreased and net mass increased due to the reaction with the carbonated brine. The UCS tests indicated that one week of aging had little effect on the unconfined compressive strength and Young's modulus. Decrease of UCS and Young's modulus was observed after four weeks and two months of aging. One reason for strength decrease after two months, by about 40 %, was appearance of cracks within the samples that coincided with the reaction front to a great degree. This could have occurred during the depressurization of the cell. The inorganic Cement R works by reacting with water, CO2 and/or brines to expand into available pores and cracks in ordinary well cements. This effect is interesting to study for possible applications in CO2 storage, plug and abandonment and reuse of existing wells.
Innovative One Trip System Helps Qualifying Creeping Shale as Permanent Barrier for Plug and Abandonment of Wells on the Gyda Field
Authors: Andre Stokkeland Thore , Malde Espen , Ove Staveland Per , Frøyland Yngve , Johnsen Dybvik Stian , Jacobsen John , Kibsgaard Vatn Thomas , Opedal Sindre
Published: October 2020

Objectives/Scope

Creeping shale formations has over the last decade actively been used as permanent barriers for plugging & abandonment of wells across the North Sea. This paper gives an insight in how an innovative one trip system has been used to help qualify the Lower Hordaland formation as a barrier for plugging & abandonment of wells on the Gyda Field on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.

The Gyda Field is in the North Sea 280 km southwest of Stavanger in 66 meters of water. The Gyda reservoir is Upper Jurassic shallow marine sandstone at a depth of approx. 4000 meter. The evaluation and integration of data from wells drilled on the Gyda Field has concluded that the following formation groups are potential inflow zones that needs to be isolated in the permanent plugging of the wells Gyda reservoir, Farsund, lower Åsgard, and cretaceous/tertiary Inflow Group Forties/Lista.

The permanent plugging & abandonment of the 32 wells on the Gyda Field started in Q-1 2019, and needed an effective approach to qualifying creeping shale as a permanent barrier.

Methods, Procedures, Process

This approach was based on logging behind the 9 5/8" casing using an ultrasonic logging tool to locate the Lower Hordaland shale creep. The shale was successfully identified on the first wells, and the next phase was to prove, and verify that the creeping shales sealing capability.

A one trip tool system consisting of a disconnect tool, by directional cup tool and TCP perforating guns was used to perforated the casing, straddle the perforations and test the hydraulic sealing capability of the Lower Hordaland Shale.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The result was 3 successful formation tests qualifying the Lower Hordaland shale as a permanent barrier. This innovative approach has improved the overall efficiency of the permanent plugging and abandonment of the wells on the Gyda Field significantly.

This paper describes the extensive work process that has been performed to plan, execute and verify the integrity of the lower Hordaland formation as a permanent barrier for plugging & abandonment.