bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposals of Quaterly Themes in the Framework of the Implementation of the Interdisciplinary Evaluation System in Secondary Education in Cameroon
Authors: Christophe Fopoussi Tuebue Jean , Bernard Botondono Bienvevu , Henri Mbouombouo Mounben , Adeline Outekelek Sabeyam , Fabrice Ntata Tchokodjeu , Roger Djiotsa Tsafack David , Merlin Tchouala Tchinda Oyono , Raymon Peyo Pegwo , Roselyne Mboo Ntonga Anne
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to propose themes capable of guiding quarterly evaluations in secondary education in Cameroon. For this, the work was carried out in the field and indoors. In the field, it was a question of supporting Heads of Departments in the development of themes proposals. Indoors, the work dealt with the producing of unique respective quarterly themes. So, it can be easily seen that the desire for some Educational Departments to work in synergy as well as their difficulty in agreeing on the themes responsible for guiding the quarterly evaluations is real. The themes then designed for the first group of Pedagogical Departments are successively: Well-being and the challenges of daily life; Environmental protection and health promotion in daily life; Technological advances, interculturality and inculturation for a better integration of young people in the “modern” world. Regarding the second group, the themes are respectively: The disintegration of African cultures from the slave trade to the present day; The removal of barriers in view of the promotion of Pan-Africanism; Technological advances, interculturality and inculturation for a better integration of young people in the “modern” world. The possibility of rebuilding the contents of the programs of the various Pedagogical Departments around previously constructed themes remains possible in Cameroon; it is the guarantee of a training strongly rooted in Cameroonian culture, seen here as the springboard for economic growth.
The Mifepristone Case and the Legitimacy of the FDA
Authors: Gluck Abbe R.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses a recent federal court decision that invaliated the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval of mifepristone, a drug used to end pregnancies and manage miscarriage when used with misoprostol, and how that decision challenges the legitimacy and independence of the FDA.
Health Insurance Coverage and Postpartum Outcomes in the US
Authors: Saldanha Ian J. , Adam Gaelen P. , Kanaan Ghid , Zahradnik Michael L. , Steele Dale W. , Chen Kenneth K. , Peahl Alex F. , Danilack-Fekete Valery A. , Stuebe Alison M. , Balk Ethan M.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Approximately half of postpartum individuals in the US do not receive any routine postpartum health care. Currently, federal Medicaid coverage for pregnant individuals lapses after the last day of the month in which the 60th postpartum day occurs, which limits longer-term postpartum care.

Objective

To assess whether health insurance coverage extension or improvements in access to health care are associated with postpartum health care utilization and maternal outcomes within 1 year post partum.

Evidence Review

Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for US-based studies from inception to November 16, 2022. The reference lists of relevant systematic reviews were scanned for potentially eligible studies. Risk of bias was assessed using questions from the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool. Strength of evidence (SoE) was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide.

Findings

A total of 25 973 citations were screened and 28 mostly moderate-risk-of-bias nonrandomized studies were included (3 423 781 participants) that addressed insurance type (4 studies), policy changes that made insurance more comprehensive (13 studies), policy changes that made insurance less comprehensive (2 studies), and Medicaid expansion (9 studies). Findings with moderate SoE suggested that more comprehensive association was likely associated with greater attendance at postpartum visits. Findings with low SoE indicated a possible association between more comprehensive insurance and fewer preventable readmissions and emergency department visits.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review suggest that evidence evaluating insurance coverage and postpartum visit attendance and unplanned care utilization is, at best, of moderate SoE. Future research should evaluate clinical outcomes associated with more comprehensive insurance coverage.
Assessing the Gun Violence Archive as an Epidemiologic Data Source for Community Firearm Violence in 4 US Cities
Authors: Gobaud Ariana N. , Mehranbod Christina A. , Kaufman Elinore , Jay Jonathan , Beard Jessica H. , Jacoby Sara F. , Branas Charles C. , Bushover Brady , Morrison Christopher N.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Firearm injury is a major public health burden in the US, and yet there is no single, validated national data source to study community firearm violence, including firearm homicide and nonfatal shootings that result from interpersonal violence.

Objective

To assess the validity of the Gun Violence Archive as a source of data on events of community firearm violence and to examine the characteristics of individuals injured in shootings.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional observational study compared data on community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive with publicly available police department data, which were assumed to be the reference standard, between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Cities included in the study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; New York, New York; Chicago, Illinois; and Cincinnati, Ohio) had a population of greater than 300 000 people according to the 2020 US Census and had publicly available shooting data from the city police department. A large city was defined as having a population greater than or equal to 500 000 (ie, Philadelphia, New York City, and Chicago). Data analysis was performed in December 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Events of community firearm violence from the Gun Violence Archive were matched to police department shootings by date and location. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the data were calculated (0.9-1.0, excellent; 0.8-0.9, good; 0.7-0.8, fair; 0.6-0.7, poor; and <0.6, failed).

Results

A total of 26 679 and 32 588 shooting events were documented in the Gun Violence Archive and the police department databases, respectively, during the study period. The overall sensitivity of the Gun Violence Archive over the 6-year period was 81.1%, and the positive predictive value was 99.0%. The sensitivity steadily improved over time. Shootings involving multiple individuals and those involving women and children were less likely to be missing from the Gun Violence Archive, suggesting a systematic missingness.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings support the use of the Gun Violence Archive in large cities for research requiring its unique advantages (ie, spatial resolution, timeliness, and geographic coverage), albeit with caution regarding a more granular examination of epidemiology given its apparent bias toward shootings involving multiple persons and those involving women and children.
A Facile Strategy for the Fabrication of Cell‐Laden Porous Alginate Hydrogels based on Two‐Phase Aqueous Emulsions
Authors: Xue Wen , Lee Donghee , Kong Yunfan , Kuss Mitchell , Huang Ying , Kim Taesung , Chung Soonkyu , Dudley Andrew T. , Ro Seung‐Hyun , Duan Bin
Published: June 2023

Porous alginate (Alg) hydrogels possess many advantages as cell carriers. However, current pore generation methods require either complex or harsh fabrication processes, toxic components, or extra purification steps, limiting the feasibility and affecting the cellular survival and function. In this study, a simple and cell‐friendly approach to generate highly porous cell‐laden Alg hydrogels based on two‐phase aqueous emulsions is reported. The pre‐gel solutions, which contain two immiscible aqueous phases of Alg and caseinate (Cas), are cross‐linked by calcium ions. The porous structure of the hydrogel construct is formed by subsequently removing the Cas phase from the ion‐cross‐linked Alg hydrogel. Those porous Alg hydrogels possess heterogeneous pores ≈100 µm and interconnected paths. Human white adipose progenitors (WAPs) encapsulated in these hydrogels self‐organize into spheroids and show enhanced viability, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation, compared to non‐porous constructs. As a proof of concept, this porous Alg hydrogel platform is employed to prepare core‐shell spheres for coculture of WAPs and colon cancer cells, with WAP clusters distributed around cancer cell aggregates, to investigate cellular crosstalk. This efficacious approach is believed to provide a robust and versatile platform for engineering porous‐structured Alg hydrogels for applications as cell carriers and in disease modeling.
Controlling the Intermediate Phase to Improve the Crystallinity and Orientation of Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Liu Fangzhou , Su Huhu , Yu Wenjin , Zou Yu , Wu Cuncun , Zhang Xian , Zhang Jiaqi , Liang Yuchao , Han Jiaheng , Guan Yan , Zhang Yangyang , Ye Zhengqing , Li Ri , Xiao Lixin , Zheng Shijian
Published: June 2023

Lead‐free 2D antimony‐based halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, and good intrinsic stability are promising for photovoltaic devices. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of antimony‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower than 3% due to the poor crystallinity and random orientation. Herein, it is found that the Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x films prepared by adding methylamine chloride as an additive to the precursor solution can form a mixed intermediate phase with 0D dimer phase and 2D layered phase after low pressure treatment. During the annealing process, the 0D dimer phase will completely transition to 2D layered phase due to the partial replacement of I by Cl. Compared to adding SbCl3 directly, this method considerably increases the crystallinity of Cs3Sb2IxCl9‐x films. The obtained films have a preferential orientation along the (201) direction, which is beneficial for charge carrier transportation. Consequently, the champion device shows a PCE of 3.2%, which is one of the highest efficiencies achieved for inorganic Sb‐based PSCs with the n‐i‐p architecture to date.
Silicon Compound Nanomaterials: Exploring Emission Mechanisms and Photobiological Applications
Authors: Dutt Ateet , Salinas Rafael Antonio , Martínez-Tolibia Shirlley E. , Ramos-Serrano Juan Ramón , Jain Manmohan , Hamui Leon , Ramos Carlos David , Mostafavi Ebrahim , Kumar Mishra Yogendra , Matsumoto Yasuhiro , Santana Guillermo , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Kaushik Ajeet Kumar
Published: June 2023

After the first visible photoluminescence (PL) from porous silicon (pSi), continuous efforts are made to fabricate Si‐based compound nanomaterials embedded in matrices such as oxide, nitride, and carbide to improve optical performance and industrial acceptability. These nanomaterials’ functional and desired properties (nanoparticles and quantum dots embedded in matrices) can vary significantly when embedded in technologically relevant matrices. However, exploring the exact emission mechanisms is one of the remaining challenges from the past few decades. To cover this gap, this review discusses the morphological and optoelectronic properties of Si‐based compound nanomaterials and their correlation with the quantum confinement effect and different surface states to find precise emission mechanisms. One of the biggest challenges of using silicon nanomaterials in the biological sector is the development of sensitive materials of low/acceptable toxicity for identifying target analytes either inside/outside the biological platforms. In this scenario, silicon‐based compound matrices can offer different characteristics and advantages depending on their size configurations and PL emission mechanisms. On the other hand, a proper understanding of these multifaceted silicon nanomaterials’ optical properties (emission mechanisms) can be exploited for pathogen detection and in situ applications in cells and tissues, embarking on a new era of bioimaging technology.
Modulating the Stoichiometry and Lithium Content to Boost the Electrochemical Performance of Li2ZnTi3O8 via High Valence Nb5+ Dopants
Authors: Ge Wei , Yu Hai‐tao , Han Chun‐miao , Xie Ying , Yi Ting‐feng
Published: June 2023

A series of anode materials with the general formula of Li2ZnTi3O8 (LZTO) and Li2‐xZnTi3‐xNbxO8 (x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.5) (LZTNO) are designed. Different amount of high valence Nb5+ dopants not only reduces the content of lithium in LZTO but also alters the intrinsic characteristics of the composites, leading to optimized electrochemical performances. XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS results suggest that Nb dopants are introduced successfully, but large amount of Nb5+ dopants (x > 0.2) result in the formation of ZnNb2O6 and TiO2. Owing to the small particle size and the improved structural stability, LZTNO‐2 sample exhibits the best electrochemical performance, and it can deliver a charge/discharge capacity of 182.7/181.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 500 cycles, which is much higher than the value of LZTO (100.41/100.41 mAh g−1). The experiments suggest that the introduction of high valence dopants can effectively modulate the stoichiometry and lithium content of the anode materials, making the available vacant sites for subsequent intercalation of lithium obviously extended. Such a strategy is expected to be feasibly applied to other anode materials to enhance their specific capacity and electrochemical performances.
Downregulation of YAP Activity Restricts P53 Hyperactivation to Promote Cell Survival in Confinement
Authors: Hemmati Farnaz , Akinpelu Ayuba , Song Jiyeon , Amiri Farshad , McDaniel Anya , McMurray Collins , Afthinos Alexandros , Andreadis Stelios T. , Aitken Andrew V. , Biancardi Vinicia C. , Gerecht Sharon , Mistriotis Panagiotis
Published: June 2023

Cell migration through confining three dimensional (3D) topographies can lead to loss of nuclear envelope integrity, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Despite these detrimental phenomena, cells transiently exposed to confinement do not usually die. Whether this is also true for cells subjected to long‐term confinement remains unclear at present. To investigate this, photopatterning and microfluidics are employed to fabricate a high‐throughput device that circumvents limitations of previous cell confinement models and enables prolonged culture of single cells in microchannels with physiologically relevant length scales. The results of this study show that continuous exposure to tight confinement can trigger frequent nuclear envelope rupture events, which in turn promote P53 activation and cell apoptosis. Migrating cells eventually adapt to confinement and evade cell death by downregulating YAP activity. Reduced YAP activity, which is the consequence of confinement‐induced YAP1/2 translocation to the cytoplasm, suppresses the incidence of nuclear envelope rupture and abolishes P53‐mediated cell death. Cumulatively, this work establishes advanced, high‐throughput biomimetic models for better understanding cell behavior in health and disease, and underscores the critical role of topographical cues and mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cell life and death.
Radical Cascade Reaction in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Formation of Bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannoles and Other Heterocyclic Compounds from Amide‐type 1,6‐Enyne Compounds
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Kohno Kento , Ishido Kanako , Kamohara Nobuhiro , Kawamoto Takuji
Published: June 2023

Amide‐type 1,6‐enyne compounds, readily available from unsaturated N‐Boc acyl amide and propargylic mesylate, underwent a radical cascade reaction upon treatment with Bu3SnH, giving bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannole lactams in good yields. Regioselectivity of the reaction depended on the presence or absence of alkyne substituents; alkyl‐substituted internal alkynes selectively gave 2,3‐dihydrostannoles in good yields, while terminal alkynes gave a mixture of piperidine and 2,3‐dihydrostannole. The reaction promoted the radical cascade process starting from the addition of tin radical to the alkenyl terminal followed by 5‐exo‐dig radical cyclization. The resulting vinyl radical attack the tin atom, and direct radical substitution progressed, giving bicyclic 2,3‐dihydrostannoles in good yields.
Ketyl Radical Anion Mediated Radical Polymerization and Anionic Ring‐Opening Polymerization to Give Polymers with Low Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Chen Yu‐Jiao , Wu Liang‐Tao , Li Tai‐An , Pu Meng‐Qin , Sun Xiao‐Li , Bao Hongli , Wan Wen‐Ming
Published: June 2023

The development of novel polymerization capable of yielding polymers with low molecular weight distribution (Đ) is essential and significant in polymer chemistry, where monofunctional initiator contains only one initiation site in these polymerizations generally. Here, ketyl radical anion species is introduced to develop a novel Ketyl Mediated Polymerization (KMP), which enables radical polymerization at carbon radical site and anionic ring‐opening polymerization at oxygen anion site, respectively. Meanwhile, polymerization and corresponding organic synthesis generally couldn't be performed simultaneously in one pot. Through KMP, organic synthesis and polymerization are achieved in one pot, where small molecules (cyclopentane derivates) and polymers with low Đ are successfully prepared under mild condition simultaneously. At the initiation step, both organic synthesis and polymerization are initiated by single electron transfer reaction with ketyl radical anion formation. Cyclopentane derivates are synthesized through 3–3 coupling reaction and cyclization. Polystyrene and polycaprolactone with low Đ and a full monomer conversion are prepared by KMP via radical polymerization and anionic ring‐opening polymerization, respectively. This work therefore enables both organic synthesis and two different polymerizations from same initiation system, which saves time, labour, resource and energy and expands the reaction mode and method libraries of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry.
Ethanol preservation and pretreatments facilitate quality DNA extractions in recalcitrant plant species
Authors: Johnson Gabriel , Canty Steven W. J. , Lichter‐Marck Isaac H. , Wagner Warren , Wen Jun
Published: June 2023

Premise

The preservation of plant tissues in ethanol is conventionally viewed as problematic. Here, we show that leaf preservation in ethanol combined with proteinase digestion can provide high‐quality DNA extracts. Additionally, as a pretreatment, ethanol can facilitate DNA extraction for recalcitrant samples.

Methods

DNA was isolated from leaves preserved with 96% ethanol or from silica‐desiccated leaf samples and herbarium fragments that were pretreated with ethanol. DNA was extracted from herbarium tissues using a special ethanol pretreatment protocol, and these extracts were compared with those obtained using the standard cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method.

Results

DNA extracted from tissue preserved in, or pretreated with, ethanol was less fragmented than DNA from tissues without pretreatment. Adding proteinase digestion to the lysis step increased the amount of DNA obtained from the ethanol‐pretreated tissues. The combination of the ethanol pretreatment with liquid nitrogen freezing and a sorbitol wash prior to cell lysis greatly improved the quality and yield of DNA from the herbarium tissue samples.

Discussion

This study critically reevaluates the consequences of ethanol for plant tissue preservation and expands the utility of pretreatment methods for molecular and phylogenomic studies.
A single‐institution pediatric and young adult interventional oncology collaborative: Novel therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory solid tumors
Authors: Shaikh Raja , Weil Brent R. , Weldon Christopher B. , Chen Nan , London Wendy B. , Krush Morgan , Anderson Megan , Gebhardt Mark , Church Alanna J. , DuBois Steven G. , Pikman Yana , Spidle Jennifer , Wall Catherine B. , Feraco Angela , Ullrich Nicole J. , Mack Jennifer W. , Mullen Elizabeth , Kamihara Junne , Forrest Suzanne , Shusterman Suzanne , Janeway Katherine A. , Alomari Ahmad , Padua Horacio , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , O'Neill Allison F.
Published: June 2023

Background

Pediatric interventional oncology (PIO) is a growing field intended to provide additional or alternative treatment options for pediatric patients with benign or malignant tumors. Large series of patients treated uniformly and subjected to rigorous endpoints for efficacy are not available.

Methods

We designed a collaborative initiative to capture data from pediatric patients with benign and malignant tumors who underwent a therapeutic interventional radiology procedure. Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was utilized as a measure of radiologic response and data were collected regarding improvement in pain and functional endpoints. Cumulative incidence of progressive disease was calculated using both the treated site and the patient as the analytic unit.

Findings

Forty patients, 16 with malignant tumors and 24 with benign tumors, underwent a total of 88 procedures. Cryo‐ and radiofrequency ablation were the most frequently utilized techniques for both cohorts of patients. A complete or partial response, or prolonged disease stability, were achieved in approximately 40% of patients with malignant tumors and 60% of patients with benign tumors. No patients had progressive disease as their best response. Resolution of pain and improved mobility with return‐to‐baseline activity were demonstrated across patients from both cohorts. Only minor complications were experienced.

Interpretation

Interventional radiology‐guided interventions can serve as an alternative or complementary approach to the treatment of benign and malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Prospective, multi‐institutional trials are required to adequately study utility, treatment endpoints, and durability of response.
Digital health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Long Huanyu , Li Shurun , Chen Yahong
Published: June 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented and treated through effective care, reducing exacerbations and hospitalizations. Early identification of individuals at high risk of COPD exacerbation is an opportunity for preventive measures. However, many patients struggle to follow their treatment plans because of a lack of knowledge about the disease, limited access to resources, and insufficient clinical support. The growth of digital health—which encompasses advancements in health information technology, artificial intelligence, telehealth, the Internet of Things, mobile health, wearable technology, and digital therapeutics—offers opportunities for improving the early diagnosis and management of COPD. This study reviewed the field of digital health in terms of COPD. The findings showed that despite significant advances in digital health, there are still obstacles impeding its effectiveness. Finally, we highlighted some of the major challenges and possibilities for developing and integrating digital health in COPD management.
Orthogonal Strategies for Profiling Potential Cellular Targets of Anandamide and Cannabidiol
Authors: Tang Guanghui , Lim Ying‐Jie , Wang Wei , Ye Zi , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Yao Shao Q.
Published: June 2023

The human endocannabinoid system regulates a myriad of physiological processes through a complex lipid signaling network involving cannabinoids and their respective receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (hCB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R). Anandamide (AEA) and cannabidiol (CBD) are classical examples of cannabinoids that elicit a variety of effects, both beneficial and detrimental, through these receptors. Mounting evidence suggested the presence of other potential cannabinoid targets that may be responsible for other observable effects. However, prior pharmacological studies on these cannabinoid compounds provided scant evidence of direct engagement to these proposed targets. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no chemoproteomic studies have been demonstrated on CBD. Here we showed that, by taking advantage of a recently developed ‘label‐free’ 2D‐TPP (2 Dimensional‐Thermal Protein Profiling) approach, we have identified several new putative targets of both AEA and CBD. Comparison of these interaction landscapes with those obtained from well‐established affinity‐based protein profiling (AfBPP) platforms has led to the discovery of both shared and unique protein targets. Subsequent target validation of selected proteins led us to conclude that this 2D‐TPP strategy complements well with AfBPP.
Derivatives of the Fungal Natural Product Illudalic Acid Inhibit the Activity of Protein Histidine Phosphatase PHPT1
Authors: Wang Hanfei , Gaston Robert , Ahmed Kh Tanvir , Dudley Gregory B. , Barrios Amy M.
Published: June 2023

PHPT1 is a protein histidine phosphatase that has been implicated in several disease pathways, but the chemical tools necessary to study the biological roles of this enzyme and investigate its utility as a therapeutic target have yet to be developed. To this end, the discovery of PHPT1 inhibitors is an area of significant interest. Here, we report an investigation of illudalic acid and illudalic acid analog‐based inhibition of PHPT1 activity. Four of the seven analogs investigated had IC50 values below 5 μM, with the most potent compound (IA1‐8H2) exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.4±0.7 μM. Interestingly, these compounds appear to be non‐covalent, non‐competitive inhibitors of PHPT1 activity, in contrast to other recently reported PHPT1 inhibitors. Mutating the three cysteine residues to alanine has no effect on inhibition, indicating that cysteine is not critical for interactions between inhibitor and enzyme.
Two‐input single‐output converter with preserved output voltage under source fault
Authors: M Dhananjaya , M Jagabar Sathik , Almakhles Dhafer , Potnuru Devendra , Mekhilef Saad
Published: June 2023

Multi‐input converters (MICs) play a significant role in the aspect of the integration of sources. The reliability of the converter can be enhanced by using a suitable fault tolerance converter design and control algorithm. A dual‐input single‐output (DISO) DC–DC converter with source fault tolerance is proposed in this paper. In the literature, there are many topologies in this area of work; however, most of them are based on time‐sharing control. In this control scheme, one input source is contributed to the load, and others are kept idle in a particular duty interval; hence, this control scheme leads to underutilization of the converter. The proposed converter is designed to circumvent these challenges and can produce boost, buck–boost, and buck operations. And also, it has a source fault feature for achieving the preserved output voltage under source V1 or V2 failure conditions. A 200‐W prototype is designed, and the feasibility of the proposed converter is validated through simulation and experimental results.
Clinical utility of an antibody‐free LC‐MS method to detect brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the screening visit of the A4 Study
Authors: Allué José Antonio , Pascual‐Lucas María , Sarasa Leticia , Castillo Sergio , Sarasa Manuel , Sáez María Eugenia , Abdel‐Latif Sara , Rissman Robert A. , Terencio Jose
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

This study explored the ability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 to identify brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.

METHODS

Plasma Aβ was quantified with an antibody‐free high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method from Araclon Biotech (ABtest‐MS) in a subset of 731 CU individuals from the screening visit of the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study, to assess associations of Aβ42/Aβ40 with Aβ positron emission tomography (PET).

RESULTS

A model including Aβ42/Aβ40, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, and recruitment site identified Aβ PET status with an area under the curve of 0.88 and an overall accuracy of 81%. A plasma‐based pre‐screening step could save up to 42% of the total number of Aβ PET scans.

DISCUSSION

ABtest‐MS accurately identified brain amyloid deposition in a population of CU individuals, supporting its implementation in AD secondary prevention trials to reduce recruitment time and costs. Although a certain degree of heterogeneity is inherent to large and multicentric trials, ABtest‐MS could be more robust to pre‐analytical bias compared to other immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry methods.

HIGHLIGHTS

Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 accurately identified brain Aβ deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study.

The inclusion of the recruitment site in the predictive models has a non‐negligible effect.

A plasma biomarker‐based model could reduce recruitment costs in Alzheimer's disease secondary prevention trials.

Antibody‐free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods may be more robust to pre‐analytical variability than other platforms.
The value of molecular testing in the evaluation and management of patients with pancreatic cysts
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Molecular testing aids in the work up and management of patients with pancreatic cysts. This study reports on the value of PancreaSeq® in the evaluation of pancreatic cyst aspirates.

Methods

PancreaSeq® testing at our institution was implemented June 1, 2022. Over a 7‐month period (June 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022) 50 cyst aspirates of which 26 (52%) were non‐diagnostic 4 (8%) negative 1 (2%) atypical, 17 (34%) suspicious for a mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) and 2 (4%) positive for a MCN on cytology were sent for testing.

Results

KRAS/GNAS gene mutations were present in 15 non‐diagnostic cases and 5 cases suspicious for an MCN. The type of cyst was interpreted as mucinous (IPMN) and the risk of progression to high grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma as low. KRAS mutations were present in 8 non‐diagnostic cases, 1 atypical case, 8 cases suspicious for a MCN and one case positive for an MCN; findings interpreted as a mucinous cyst (IPMN/MCN) with a low risk of progression. BRAF mutations were present in 2 cases; one suspicious and the second positive for an MCN; both interpreted as a mucinous cyst (IPMN) with a low risk of progression. One non‐diagnostic case was positive for several gene mutations and copy number alterations; findings interpreted as a mucinous (IPMN) cyst with an elevated risk of progression. VHL mutations were present in 2 negative cases interpreted as serous cystadenomas. Two non‐diagnostic, 2 negative and 2 cases suspicious for a MCN were negative for gene mutations.

Conclusion

Implementation of PancreaSeq® has led to improvements in clinical management of patients with pancreatic cysts.
Eco‐evolutionary contributions to community trait change in floating aquatic plants
Authors: Jewell Mark Davidson , Bell Graham
Published: June 2023

An entire community of organisms may become modified when its environment changes. These modifications can happen through physiological processes (plasticity), evolutionary processes (adaptation) or shifts in species composition (sorting). The outcome of these three sources of change constitutes the community's phenotypic response, but how they combine to drive community trait dynamics is not currently well understood. We have conducted a community selection experiment in which communities of short‐lived floating aquatic plants were grown in a range of stressful conditions, and measured changes in their body size. Determinants of phenotypic change were assessed with a full community reciprocal transplant which led to estimates of the contributions of plasticity, adaptation, and sorting. Species were modified during the experiment by both plasticity and adaptation, but in either case the magnitude and direction of change differed among species. Sorting and adaptation were of equal magnitude but tended to act in opposite directions: in conditions where species with large fronds prevailed, each species evolved smaller fronds, and vice versa. We conclude that community trait dynamics cannot be understood simply by extrapolating the adaptive response of any single species to the whole community.
Process and Drying Behavior Toward Higher Drying Rates of Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Different Particle Sizes: An Experimental Study in Comparison to Graphite for Lithium‐Ion‐Batteries
Authors: Klemens Julian , Schneider Luca , Burger David , Zimmerer Nadine , Müller Marcus , Bauer Werner , Ehrenberg Helmut , Scharfer Philip , Schabel Wilhelm
Published: June 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries are considered to be one of the most promising postlithium batteries on the verge of commercialization. The electrode processing is expected to be similar to lithium‐ion batteries. However, the producibility and material processing challenges of potential electrode materials for anodes and cathodes are poorly understood. For industrial electrode production, a deep understanding of the processing of electrode materials with different particle morphologies is of great importance. In particular, the correlation between the process conditions and the electrode properties needs to be investigated further to understand the complex interactions between the battery slurry materials, the binder system, the drying process, and the microstructure formation. One promising anode material is hard carbon. The water‐based processing of hard carbon slurries presented in this article shows that the drying behavior is strongly interconnected with the particle size and particle interactions in the drying electrode. This study shows that all the hard carbons investigated do not exhibit binder migration at moderate drying rates. Even at very high drying rates (9 g m−2 s−1, 12 s drying time), an increase in adhesion force of up to 39% is observed for comparatively smaller particles compared to the adhesion force at lower drying rate.
Constructing Multiphase Structures to Enhance Lithium Storage Performance of Black Phosphorus–Carbon Composite
Authors: Zhou Fengchen , Liu Lingyu , Huang Zhongning , Luo Min , Gao Xian , Guo Shoujie , Ma Zhen , Li PinJiang , Nan Junmin
Published: June 2023

Black phosphorus–carbon (BP–C) composite is a potential high‐energy anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs); however, the local stress concentration that occurs during lithiation/delithiation cycling leads to poor cycling performance. Herein, an electrochemically inactive TiP nanocrystal is used to reconstruct the BP–C composite via ball milling to form a BP–TiP–C multiphase structure with excellent lithium storage performance. The TiP intermediate optimizes the TiP–BP interface and relieves the local stress of the BP–TiP–C composite, thereby enhancing the electron transfer, structural stability, and utilization of the active material. This BP–TiP–C composite exhibits a high coulombic efficiency of 99.85%, an enhanced cyclic stability of 557.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles with a 72.5% capacity retention at 2.0 A g−1, and an excellent rate performance of 548.2 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1. Thus, this study not only provides a high‐energy BP–TiP–C material, but also offers new ideas for material synthesis to advance the research on BP‐based LIBs.
Bayesian geostatistical modeling for discrete‐valued processes
Authors: Zheng Xiaotian , Kottas Athanasios , Sansó Bruno
Published: June 2023

We introduce a flexible and scalable class of Bayesian geostatistical models for discrete data, based on nearest‐neighbor mixture processes (NNMP), referred to as discrete NNMP. To define the joint probability mass function (pmf) over a set of spatial locations, we build from local mixtures of conditional pmfs using a directed graphical model, with a directed acyclic graph that summarizes the nearest neighbor structure. The approach supports direct, flexible modeling for multivariate dependence through specification of general bivariate discrete distributions that define the conditional pmfs. In particular, we develop a modeling and inferential framework for copula‐based NNMPs that can attain flexible dependence structures, motivating the use of bivariate copula families for spatial processes. Moreover, the framework allows for construction of models given a pre‐specified family of marginal distributions that can vary in space, facilitating covariate inclusion. Compared to the traditional class of spatial generalized linear mixed models, where spatial dependence is introduced through a transformation of response means, our process‐based modeling approach provides both computational and inferential advantages. We illustrate the methodology with synthetic data examples and an analysis of North American Breeding Bird Survey data.
Employing novel wireless agricultural sensors for real‐time monitoring of fluvial bank erosion
Authors: van Rooijen Erik , Dietze Michael , Lotsari Eliisa
Published: June 2023

Bank erosion impacts sediment transport and river morphology, both important processes for river managers. Some important factors, such as timing and causes of bank erosion, are difficult to assess with established techniques. We explore the capability of smart sensors, actually developed for the agricultural sector, to measure soil moisture and temperature as well as movement in real time on banks of northern rivers in different geographical, climatological and landscape settings. Soil movement and its timing were easy to identify from the measurements, and in many cases, the reason for the onset of movement could be inferred. The sensors automatically upload data with a high temporal resolution for a long period of time, while only minimally disturbing the bank itself. However, the sensor approach has a low spatial resolution (point measurements), and therefore, complementing the measurements with approaches with a high spatial resolution, such as spatially continuous digital elevation models of differencing techniques or seismic sensors, is advised. Overall, the measurement approach using new agricultural sensors has several unique advantages and disadvantages and can be a good tool for the monitoring of river bank erosion and could lead to new insights.
Latent heat storage composites composed of Al‐Si microencapsulated phase change material and alumina matrix
Authors: Kawaguchi Takahiro , Shimizu Yuto , Dong Kaixin , Kurniawan Ade , Nomura Takahiro
Published: June 2023

Latent heat storage (LHS) using phase change materials (PCMs) is expected for application to heat utilization at high‐temperature because it can provide a heat source of high density and constant temperature. Even among PCMs, metals/alloys are promising for high‐temperature operation. However, metals and alloys PCM are concerned about corrosion reactions with structural materials. As a result, micro‐encapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs) have been created in which the surface of alloy PCM is encased in a stable oxide coating. Since the surface of MEPCM is an oxide, the creation of structures with the function of LHS in a variety of shapes by combining MEPCM with sintering aids is also possible. In this study, composite PCMs were prepared by combining Al‐25 mass% Si MEPCM with fine α‐Al2O3 particles as a sintering aid. Consequently, PCM composites containing 70‐90 vol.% of the MEPCM and heat‐treated at 1200°C or 1300°C were successfully fabricated. In particular, a high heat storage density of 0.47 GJ m−3 was obtained under conditions containing 90 vol.% of the MEPCM and a heat treatment temperature of 1200°C, which is 1.6‐fold higher than that of existing sensible heat storage materials. Additionally, the composite PCM retained its shape and the latent heat capacity even after 300 cycles of cyclic testing. Thus, the high heat storage density and high durability of the composite PCM are expected to further promote the expansion of high‐temperature heat utilization in future studies.
Parametric studies of mixed convective fluid flow around cylinders of different cross‐sections
Authors: Olayemi Olalekan Adebayo , Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel , Al‐Farhany Khaled , Jolayemi Temidayo Samsudeen , Jinadu Abdulbaqi , Ajide Tomisin Favour , Adegun Isaac Kayode
Published: June 2023

A numerical study of mixed convective heat transfer in a lid‐driven square enclosure containing a hot elliptic cylinder is conducted. The impacts of the Grashof number , Reynolds number , cylinder tilt angle , and aspect ratio have been examined for a fluid of of 0.71. The horizontal enclosure walls are insulated, while its vertical walls are restricted to a nonvarying temperature Tc, whereas a sinusoidal temperature of is imposed on the wall of the elliptical cylinder. The governing equations are solved using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software. The fluid dynamic and the heat transport profiles between the enclosure and the elliptical cylinder walls are represented by the stream function, isothermal contours, and average Nusselt number. Results established that for all the considered aspect ratios, the thermal heating range of is predominantly a conduction mechanism. The critical position of the ellipse where the inclination effect becomes insignificant is determined by the Grashof number and aspect ratio when the Re = 100. The strength of vortices and cell numbers are significantly influenced by the aspect ratio, particularly when the . When , the average heat transfer from the cylinder remains the same regardless of the cylinder's orientation. The impact of cylinder orientation on heat transfer from the cylinder wall is minimal for . For AR values of , increasing the inclination angle does not result in improved heat transfer. The influence of the increasing inclination angle on the right wall diminishes as the angle increases, except when the Grashof number is greater than 105, where the rate of heat transfer is enhanced for inclination angles beyond 45°.
Methods, progresses, and opportunities of materials informatics
Authors: Li Chen , Zheng Kun
Published: June 2023

As an implementation tool of data intensive scientific research methods, machine learning (ML) can effectively shorten the research and development (R&D) cycle of new materials by half or even more. ML shows great potential in the combination with other scientific research technologies, especially in the processing and classification of large amounts of material data from theoretical calculation and experimental characterization. It is very important to systematically understand the research ideas of material informatics to accelerate the exploration of new materials. Here, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the most commonly used ML modeling methods in material informatics with classic cases. Then, we review the latest progresses of prediction models, which focus on new processing–structure–properties–performance (PSPP) relationships in some popular material systems, such as perovskites, catalysts, alloys, two‐dimensional materials, and polymers. In addition, we summarize the recent pioneering researches in innovation of material research technology, such as inverse design, ML interatomic potentials, and microtopography characterization assistance, as new research directions of material informatics. Finally, we comprehensively provide the most significant challenges and outlooks related to the future innovation and development in the field of material informatics. This review provides a critical and concise appraisal for the applications of material informatics, and a systematic and coherent guidance for material scientists to choose modeling methods based on required materials and technologies.
Salivary analysis: An emerging paradigm for non‐invasive healthcare diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Liao Caizhi , Chen Xiaofeng , Fu Ying
Published: June 2023

As an emerging non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use toolkit, salivary analysis has garnered significant attention recently. By leveraging the latest discoveries in salivary biomarkers, salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the field of healthcare by providing valuable information for monitoring an individual's health status, diagnosing disease progression, and enabling personalized treatment. However, the transitional development of breakthrough salivary analysis remains an intriguing challenge. Only a few innovations have progressed to new transformative healthcare diagnosis and monitoring tools. In this review, we attempt to illustrate a bird's eye view of the emerging field of salivary analysis by exploring an assorted selection of seminar progress that can potentially shape the developing trajectory of the field of salivary analysis. The fundamental nature of saliva and the versatile robust uses of salivary analysis as a novel non‐invasive method in various healthcare diagnostic and monitoring fields will be thoroughly discussed. To inspire next‐stage development in this thriving and fruitful field, we also crystalize key findings, pinpoint challenges that remain to be addressed and present an outlook on the future transitional development of salivary analysis, invigorating future research of groundbreaking non‐invasive healthcare diagnosis and monitoring strategies, and beyond.
Functional β‐TCP/MnO2/PCL artificial periosteum promoting osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by reducing locally reactive oxygen species level
Authors: Qian Feng , Huang Zongwang , Liu Wenbin , Liu Yanling , He Xi
Published: June 2023

Segmental bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection or congenital malformations are often reconstructed with autologous, allogeneic bone grafts or artificial bone materials, of which, about 5% ~ 10% will have delayed healing or even nonunion of fractures. The loss of periosteum and excessive accumulation of ROS in fracture site leads to the aging of osteoblasts and the decline of their proliferation and differentiation, thus affecting the fracture healing process. In this study, we prepared a functional modified artificial periosteum β‐TCP/MnO2/PCL(β‐TMP) by electrospinning with a function of catalyzing decomposition of H2O2. We examined the surface morphology of β‐TMP, the concentration of Ca, P and Mn of β‐TMP, as well as the diameter distribution range of nanofibers on β‐TMP. Through X‐ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra, β‐TMP was characterized and its hydrophilicity was tested. The release of Mn2+ and Ca2+ of 0.1 and 0.05% β‐TMP in different pH values (7.4 and 5.5) determined by ICP. We also identified that β‐TMP could reduce the level of ROS in cells by lowering the level of H2O2. 0%, 0.05% and 0.1% β‐TMP displayed good cell compatibility, cell adhesion and cellular morphology in the condition with or without H2O2. 0.5% β‐TMP showed compromised cell compatibility in normal condition, however, the compromised phenotypes could be partially rescued in the present of H2O2. Compared with 0%, 0.05% and 0.1% β‐TMP displayed higher osteoblastic differentiation with or without H2O2 in BMSCs as well as in MG‐63. In sum, β‐TMP helped osteogenesis and promoted repair of bone defects.