bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryoballoon ablation of non‐PV triggers in persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Çöteli Cem , Dural Muhammet , Yorgun Hikmet , Aytemir Kudret
Published: November 2023

Cryoballoon‐based catheter ablation has emerged as an efficacious and safe therapeutic intervention for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). PAF is primarily associated with the triggers in the pulmonary vein (PV). However, persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) is a complex condition that involves changes in the atrial substrate and the presence of non‐PV triggers. Therefore, a comprehensive treatment approach is necessary for patients with PeAF. Utilizing a 3D electroanatomical map, the radiofrequency‐based ablation technique adeptly identifies and targets the atrial substrate and non‐PV triggers. On the other hand, the cryoballoon‐based AF ablation was initially designed for PV isolation. However, its single‐shot feature makes it a great choice for electrophysiologists looking to address non‐PV triggers. It is possible to target the left atrial appendage (LAA), superior vena cava (SVC), left atrial roof, and posterior wall using the apparatus's unique configuration and ablation abilities. This review focuses on the increasing literature regarding cryoballoon‐based methods for non‐PV trigger ablation. Specifically, it delves into the technical procedures used to isolate the LAA, SVC, and ablate the left atrial roof and posterior wall.
Efficacy and safety of perioperative ketamine for the prevention of chronic postsurgical pain: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Abouarab Ahmed H. , Brülle Rebecca , Aboukilila Mohamed Y. , Weibel Stephanie , Schnabel Alexander
Published: November 2023

Study Objective

Assessment of the efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous ketamine in reducing incidence and severity of chronic postsurgical pain.

Study Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources

The following data sources were systematically searched: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE (till 02/2021).

Patients

Adult patients undergoing any surgery.

Interventions

Perioperative use of intravenous ketamine as an additive analgesic drug compared to placebo, no active control treatment, and other additive drugs.

Measurements

Primary outcomes were number of patients with chronic postsurgical pain after 6 months and ketamine related adverse effects. Secondary outcomes were chronic postsurgical pain incidence after 3 and 12 months, chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain incidence, chronic postsurgical moderate to severe pain incidence, intensity of chronic postsurgical pain at rest, and during movement, oral morphine consumption after 3, 6, and 12 months and incidence of opioid‐related adverse effects.

Main Results

Thirty‐six RCTs were included with a total of 3572 patients. Ketamine compared to placebo may result in no difference in the number of patients with chronic postsurgical pain after 6 months (risk ratio (RR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.05; I2 = 34%; 16 studies; low‐certainty evidence). Ketamine may reduce the incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain after 3 months in comparison to placebo (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.99, I2 = 31%, seven trials, low‐certainty evidence). Ketamine compared to placebo may increase the risk for postoperative nystagmus (RR 9.04, 95% CI 1.15–70.90, I2 30%, two trials, low‐certainty evidence) and postoperative visual disturbances (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05–4.99, I2 10%, seven trials, low‐certainty evidence).

Conclusions

There is low‐certainty evidence that perioperative ketamine has no effect on chronic postsurgical pain in adult patients. Low‐certainty evidence suggests that ketamine compared to placebo may reduce incidence of chronic postsurgical neuropathic pain after 3 months. Questions like ideal dosing, treatment duration and more patient‐related outcome measures remain unanswered, which warrants further studies.

Protocol Registration

Prospero CRD42021223625, 07.01.2021.
Association between residents' scholarly activities and publication requirement policy
Authors: Nakao Hiro , Nomura Osamu , Yoshihara Shigemi , Yoshikawa Tetsushi ,   Japan Pediatric Society Steering Committee for Board Examinations, Ishiguro Akira
Published: November 2023

Background

Scholarship is recognized as important in residency training worldwide. The Japan Pediatric Society (JPS) enacted a reform in 2017 to require publication of an article as a prerequisite for taking the board certification test, with the goal of increasing scholarly activity.

Methods

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of the trends in residents' scholarly activities related to the JPS reform. A secondary analysis was performed on the cross‐sectional database of pediatrics residents who took the certification test in 2015–2018.

Results

The enrolled participants were 2399 residents of which 79.7% passed the test. Publication of any type of article increased significantly (21%–22% to 100%; 0.1 to 0.3/person‐year) after the implementation of the JPS reform, whereas academic presentations did not (89% to 91%; 1.2 to 1.3/person‐year), both in terms of the percentage of the number of those who created them and the average rate of research production. Not only Japanese articles (11%–13% to 49%–53%; 0.04 to 0.15–0.17/person‐year) or case reports (10%–14% to 51%–52%; 0.03–0.05 to 0.16–0.17/person‐year), but also English articles (4%–5% to 15%–16%; 0.01–0.02 to 0.05/person‐year) and original articles (5% to 11%–17%; 0.01 to 0.03–0.05/person‐year) increased significantly. The number of each type of article publication was correlated with success in the board certification test (odds ratio 1.5–1.8).

Conclusions

Scholarly activities of pediatrics residents were enhanced by the JPS implementation of the article requirement policy, which is crucial to fostering a scholarly culture. The most efficient measures to promote scholarship need to be persistently investigated.
Attitudes and perceptions toward COVID‐19 virus and vaccines among a Somali population in Northern Wisconsin
Authors: Alasagheirin Mohammad , Canales Mary K. , Decker Ellie
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID‐19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID‐19 vaccination rates.

Methods

Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes.

Results

The overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID‐19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice.

Conclusion

Study results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety.
Dark septate endophyte inoculation enhances antioxidant activity in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress
Authors: Bi Yinli , Xue Zike
Published: November 2023

The influence of dark septate endophytic (DSE) on the antioxidant activity of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus under heat stress was investigated. A. membranaceus plants, with or without DSE inoculation, were grown at 28°C for 8 weeks in a greenhouse and subsequently subjected to heat stress conditions (42°C) in an artificial climate chamber. DSE inoculation significantly decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content during the initial three days of heat stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of A. membranaceus leaves were significantly enhanced by DSE inoculation under heat stress, with SOD activities being 63–81% higher than in other treatments. The glutathione (GSH) and putrescine (Put) contents accumulated significantly on the third day under heat stress with DSE inoculation. Additionally, the contents of soluble sugars and proline (Pro) exhibited significant increases on the seventh day of heat stress and were 33–55% and 81–83% higher than in other treatments, respectively. Three‐way ANOVA shows that DSE inoculation under heat stress exerted a significant impact on MDA. Multivariate linear regression and structural equality modelling (SEM) further show that the interaction among these antioxidants significantly decreased MDA content and maintained the normal function of cell membranes. In conclusion, DSE inoculation enhanced the heat tolerance of A. membranaceus by boosting its antioxidant capacity and reducing MDA production. This study highlights the potential of utilizing DSE as a strategy to enhance plant heat tolerance.
On depositional processes governing along‐strike facies variations of fine‐grained deposits: Unlocking the Little Ice Age subaqueous clinothems on the Adriatic shelf
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio , Sammartino Irene , Schieber Juergen , Tesi Tommaso , Paladini de Mendoza Francesco , Rossi Veronica , Chiggiato Jacopo , Schroeder Katrin , Gallerani Andrea , Langone Leonardo , Trincardi Fabio , Amorosi Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Depositional processes recorded by shelf deposits may vary widely along‐strike, depending largely on the mode of delivery and deposition of sediments to the basin. In fine‐grained systems in particular, depositional processes are difficult to reconstruct with standard facies analysis of sediment cores due to the ostensibly featureless and homogenous appearance of muds. In this study, sedimentological, palaeontological, geochemical, and oceanographic data were combined in a detailed characterization of depositional conditions via sedimentary structures, type of organic matter, trace‐metal geochemistry, and benthic fauna assemblages (foraminifera and ostracods) along the 600 km long shelf delta clinothems of the West Adriatic shelf (Italy). Processes inferred from sedimentary facies and micro‐structures were then considered in the context of the modern Adriatic oceanographic regime. Specific attention was given to the Little Ice Age stratigraphic unit (1500–1850 ce), which contains a continuum of genetically related fine‐grained strata. The Little Ice Age deposit offers the opportunity to examine a source‐to‐sink system with the high resolution typical of modern analogues, at a time interval when Apennine rivers were not yet hydraulically engineered with man‐made sediment traps along their trunks. Individual beds within the Little Ice Age muddy prodelta form hectometre to kilometre‐wide bedsets that reflect the interplay between energetic meteo‐ocean conditions (storm‐dominated beds), flood supply (river‐dominated beds or hyperpycnites) and along‐shelf bottom‐current dispersion (drift‐dominated beds). The multidisciplinary approach applied at different scales of observations helped in understanding sediment provenance and the relative timing of sediment transport before final burial that strongly promoted organic matter oxygen exposure and the loss of carbon by microbial degradation. Overall, the distinctive depositional processes that acted in concert along the prodelta slope produced a subtle lateral heterogeneity of preserved sedimentary structures, faunal associations, and organic matter composition in a laterally‐continuous lithostratigraphic unit deposited at centennial scale. These findings have implications on the forcing conditions that ultimately control the location and nature of fine‐grained beds in both modern and ancient, mud‐dominated depositional systems.
Enhancing microbial fuel cell performance: A study on carbon cloth/TiO2 and carbon cloth/CuO electrodes
Authors: Lotfi Mojdeh , Younesi Habibollah , Roshanravan Bita , Bahramifar Nader , Pontié Maxime , Shabani Mehri , Tabatabaei Meisam , Nazerifar Maryam
Published: November 2023

This study confirmed the efficacy of modified electrode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and generating electricity using wastewater from industrial meat processing. The findings of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) demonstrated that applying CuO particles to carbon cloth (CC) significantly reduced the charge transfer resistance, resulting in improved electrochemical performance. In the batch experiment, the MFCs were conducted by applying different electrodes and Nafion‐117 as a proton exchange membrane (PEM). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed to study the development of metal oxide on the electrode surface. The MFC operating with the CC/CuO electrode achieved a maximum COD removal (74.6%), which was attained at the peak power output of 82.56 mW/m2 and the greatest current density of 213.33 mA/m2, as indicated by the polarization curve data. In light of these findings, coating CuO on the CC anode promotes electron transfer, enhances the electrode's conductivity and increases its electrochemical surface area. In summary, the findings of this study hold significant implications for sustainable electricity production and remarkable effects on environmental quality, highlighting the strategic importance of the research approach and outputs in addressing global energy and environmental challenges.
Cardiorespiratory adaptations in small cetaceans and marine mammals
Authors: Fahlman Andreas
Published: November 2023

The dive response, or the ‘master switch of life’, is probably the most studied physiological trait in marine mammals and is thought to conserve the available O2 for the heart and brain. Although generally thought to be an autonomic reflex, several studies indicate that the cardiovascular changes during diving are anticipatory and can be conditioned. The respiratory adaptations, where the aquatic breathing pattern resembles intermittent breathing in land mammals, with expiratory flow exceeding 160 litres s−1 has been measured in cetaceans, and where exposure to extreme pressures results in alveolar collapse (atelectasis) and recruitment upon ascent. Cardiorespiratory coupling, where breathing results in changes in heart rate, has been proposed to improve gas exchange. Cardiorespiratory coupling has also been reported in marine mammals, and in the bottlenose dolphin, where it alters both heart rate and stroke volume. When accounting for this respiratory dependence on cardiac function, several studies have reported an absence of a diving‐related bradycardia except during dives that exceed the duration that is fuelled by aerobic metabolism. This review summarizes what is known about the respiratory physiology in marine mammals, with a special focus on cetaceans. The cardiorespiratory coupling is reviewed, and the selective gas exchange hypothesis is summarized, which provides a testable mechanism for how breath‐hold diving vertebrates may actively prevent uptake of N2 during routine dives, and how stress results in failure of this mechanism, which results in diving‐related gas emboli.
Concepciones del lenguaje figurado en educación inicial. Retos y desafíos
Authors: Marulanda-Páez Elena , Pérez-Jiménez Miguel Ángel , Gómez-Hernández Félix Antonio
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo fue develar las concepciones docentes sobre el lenguaje figurado. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con veinte maestras de Bogotá.Los resultados son mayormente afines a las teorías contemporáneas en cuanto a la utilidad que asignan a lo figurado en la educación inicial, los requisitos que perciben como necesarios para su adquisición y los efectos de no comprenderlo adecuadamente. Sus creencias son cercanas a la teoría pragmática estándar, solamente en las relaciones y diferencias que perciben entre lenguaje figurado y literal y en el lugar que asignan a lo figurado en la ciencia.
X-Ray Flow Visualization: Techniques and Applications
Authors: Heindel Theodore (Ted) J.
Published: November 2023

Multiphase flows, defined as a discrete phase in a continuous fluid phase, are found in many natural, industrial, and consumer flows, from rainfall and avalanches to petroleum processing and fuel combustion to cookie dough mixing and pasta making. Many of these flows have an interior that is hidden from optical flow measurements, and intrusive probes can modify the flows of interest. Noninvasive measurement techniques, like X-ray flow visualization, provide a means to visualize and quantify the flow conditions in areas obstructed by visual access. Additionally, X-rays are unlikely to modify or alter the flow of interest. This paper reviews various X-ray flow visualization techniques, including those using X-rays from tube sources, electron guns, and synchrotron sources. X-ray fundamentals are first reviewed. Then, various X-ray imaging techniques are highlighted, and applications of those techniques are summarized using several multiphase flow examples. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique are provided and the unique flow features that can be captured with X-ray flow visualization are summarized. As detailed, X-ray flow visualization is a powerful tool for multiphase flow visualization and characterization, particularly when the flow of interest has limited or no optical access.
Time-resolved live-cell spectroscopy reveals EphA2 multimeric assembly
Authors: Shi Xiaojun , Lingerak Ryan , Herting Cameron J. , Ge Yifan , Kim Soyeon , Toth Paul , Wang Wei , Brown Benjamin P. , Meiler Jens , Sossey-Alaoui Khalid , Buck Matthias , Himanen Juha , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Nikolov Dimitar B. , Smith Adam W. , Wang Bingcheng
Published: November 2023

Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that initiates both ligand-dependent tumor-suppressive and ligand-independent oncogenic signaling. We used time-resolved, live-cell fluorescence spectroscopy to show that the ligand-free EphA2 assembles into multimers driven by two types of intermolecular interactions in the ectodomain. The first type entails extended symmetric interactions required for ligand-induced receptor clustering and tumor-suppressive signaling that inhibits activity of the oncogenic extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) protein kinases and suppresses cell migration. The second type is an asymmetric interaction between the amino terminus and the membrane proximal domain of the neighboring receptors, which supports oncogenic signaling and promotes migration in vitro and tumor invasiveness in vivo. Our results identify the molecular interactions that drive the formation of the EphA2 multimeric signaling clusters and reveal the pivotal role of EphA2 assembly in dictating its opposing functions in oncogenesis.
Legal limits to the use of CO
2
removal
Authors: Stuart-Smith Rupert F. , Rajamani Lavanya , Rogelj Joeri , Wetzer Thom
Published: November 2023

Climate targets that depend heavily on CO
2
removal may contravene international law
Between-group cooperation in bonobos
Authors: Silk Joan B.
Published: November 2023

Bonobos provide insight into the origins of partner-specific cooperation in human groups
Gluing the pieces together
Authors: Kozicka Zuzanna
Published: November 2023

Illuminating the path to degrading troublesome proteins
Working up an appetite to promote repair
Authors: Kratofil Rachel M.
Published: November 2023

Immune-derived hunger hormones restore tissue after infection
Imaging nuclear architecture in single cells
Authors: Takei Yodai
Published: November 2023

Multiplexed imaging uncovers precise three-dimensional maps of single nuclei
Brain games?
Authors: Piller Charles
Published: November 2023

Whistleblowers and former lab members suggest a star neuroscientist routinely manipulated data, compromising a planned NIH stroke trial and key Alzheimer’s research
Ousted biologist starts over
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: November 2023

Fired for sexual misconduct, biologist David Sabatini lands new job in Prague. Reactions are mixed
Cytochrome P450 2D6 profiles and anti-relapse efficacy of tafenoquine against
Plasmodium vivax
in Australian Defence Force personnel
Authors: Dowd Simone , Chen Nanhua , Gatton Michelle L. , Edstein Michael D. , Cheng Qin
Published: November 2023

Plasmodium vivax
infections and relapses remain a major health problem for malaria-endemic countries, deployed military personnel, and travelers. Presumptive anti-relapse therapy and radical cure using the 8-aminoquinoline drugs primaquine and tafenoquine are necessary to prevent relapses. Although it has been demonstrated that the efficacy of primaquine is associated with Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity, there is insufficient data on the role of CYP2D6 in the anti-relapse efficacy of tafenoquine. We investigated the relationship between CYP2D6 activity status and tafenoquine efficacy in preventing
P. vivax
relapses retrospectively using plasma samples collected from Australian Defence Force personnel deployed to Papua New Guinea and Timor-Leste who participated in clinical trials of tafenoquine during 1999–2001. The CYP2D6 gene was amplified from plasma samples and fully sequenced from 92 participant samples, comprised of relapse (
n
= 31) and non-relapse (
n
= 61) samples, revealing 14 different alleles. CYP2D6 phenotypes deduced from combinations of CYP2D6 alleles predicted that among 92 participants 67, 15, and 10 were normal, intermediate, and poor metabolizers, respectively. The deduced CYP2D6 phenotype did not correlate with the corresponding participant’s plasma tafenoquine concentrations that were determined in the early 2000s by high-performance liquid chromatography or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the deduced CYP2D6 phenotype did not associate with
P. vivax
relapse outcomes. Our results indicate that CYP2D6 does not affect plasma tafenoquine concentrations and the efficacy of tafenoquine in preventing
P. vivax
relapses in the assessed Australian Defence Force personnel.
In vitro
manogepix susceptibility testing of South African
Emergomyces africanus, Emergomyces pasteurianus
, and
Blastomyces emzantsi
clinical isolates
Authors: Nzimande Silondiwe P. , Govender Nelesh P. , Maphanga Tsidiso G.
Published: November 2023

We performed
in vitro
antifungal susceptibility testing of manogepix against the yeast phase of 78
Emergomyces africanus
, 2
Emergomyces pasteurianus,
and 5
Blastomyces emzantsi
isolates using a reference broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. All three pathogens had low minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from <0.0005 to 0.008 mg/L. Manogepix should be investigated in animal models and potentially in future human clinical trials for endemic mycoses.
Supplemental Material: Marine snowstorm during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Grasby Stephen , al. et
Published: November 2023

Additional methods. 
Supplemental Material: Garnet versus amphibole: Implications for magmatic differentiation and slab melting
Authors: Gao Yajie , al. et
Published: November 2023

Methods, Table S1 (partial melting models and REE partition coefficients used in the calculations), and Table S2 (adakite database).  
Supplemental Material: Late Mesozoic subduction-accretion in the southern Qiangtang: Insights from the Sumxi igneous complex of west-central Tibet
Authors: Wang Chao , Cai Fulong , et al.
Published: November 2023

Text S1: Analytical methods; Figure S1: Nb versus selected element variations to highlight the effects of alteration and metamorphism for Sumxi basalts and basaltic andesites; Figure S2: U/Yb vs. Nb/Yb (ratios in log10) and U/Yb vs Y diagrams of zircons from the Sumxi igneous rocks; Table S1: Zircon U–Pb isotope data; Table S2: Trace element data of zircons; Table S3: Zircon Lu–Hf isotope data; Table S4: whole-rock major (wt. %), trace (ppm) elements and Sr–Nd isotopes.
Influence of the Carrier–Envelope Phase on the Generation of the Multioctave Supercontinuum and Ultrashort Pulses in Antiresonant Hollow Waveguides
Authors: Savitsky I. V. , Voronin A. A. , Stepanov E. A. , Lanin A. A. , Fedotov A. B.
Published: November 2023

The influence of the carrier–envelope phase on the spectrum of the supercontinuum and on the characteristics of ultrashort pulses, which are formed by the nonlinear optical transformation of pump pulses in an argon-filled antiresonant hollow waveguide has been demonstrated. The experimental and theoretical analysis has shown that the soliton self-compression of pump radiation with a central wavelength of about 2 μm forms a pulse with a duration of nearly one optical cycle and with a spectrum broadened to the region of 400‒800 nm, where interference with the broadband third harmonic generated by the same pulse is observed. The interference pattern is sensitive to the carrier–envelope phase of the laser pulse. The analysis of the interference pattern provides information on the difference of the spectral phases of the soliton and third harmonic in the spectral range wider than an octave and allows one to control the duration of pulses formed in the process of soliton self-compression.
Magnetron Deposition of Barium Hexaferrite Films from a Target of Stoichiometric Composition
Authors: Luzanov V. A.
Published: November 2023

A technique is proposed for obtaining films of barium hexaferrite on sapphire with (0001) orientation by high-frequency magnetron sputtering of a stoichiometric BaFe12O19 target followed by annealing. The X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectrometry carried out showed the possibility of crystallization of oriented films without using correction of the target composition.
Management Research of Big Data Technology in Financial Decision-Making of Enterprise Cloud Accounting
Authors: Sun Liru
Published: November 2023

There are certain risks in the network data of cloud accounting platform, and the accuracy of audit data directly affects the subsequent financial decisions of enterprises. In order to ensure the accuracy of enterprise decision management, this paper constructs a cloud accounting IT audit model based on big data technology. First, the enterprise’s solvency, profitability and operation capacity are taken as the indicators of financial status, and the evaluation index system is constructed. Then the data are preprocessed, after which the analytic hierarchy process is used to analyse the data and determine the audit focus. Finally, [Formula: see text]-means algorithm, rule association algorithm, SQL statement and audit intermediate table are used to conduct audit analysis, and audit doubts are found, and the effectiveness of the method is verified with specific cases. Through the experimental analysis, we can see that the average accuracy rate of the model built by the research institute is 98.37%, and the average recall rate is 97.67%. This model can accurately identify and judge the abnormal situation of the data in the cloud accounting platform, provide more accurate and effective data analysis results for the financial decision-making of enterprises, and have positive significance for the sustainable development of enterprises.
Phase, Microstructure and Tensile Strength of Ultrasonically Stir Casted Al6061-TiC-Graphite Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Yadav Gaurav , Gupta Pallav
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the microstructural and mechanical behavior of Al6061-TiC-Graphite hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated by the ultrasonically stir casting process. The effects of TiC and graphite on the phase, microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength of the composites are evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques were used to investigate the microstructure and phase composition of the composites. The results show that the addition of TiC and graphite improves the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites. The maximum hardness and tensile strength were obtained for the composite with 2[Formula: see text]wt.% TiC and 1[Formula: see text]wt.% graphite. The study provides insight into the development of advanced metal matrix composites with improved mechanical properties for potential use in various industrial applications.
Blow-up criteria for a fluid dynamical model arising in astrophysics
Authors: Donatelli Donatella , Pescatore Lorenzo
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we deal with the existence of local strong solution for a perfect compressible viscous fluid, heat conductive and self-gravitating, coupled with a first-order kinetics used in astrophysical hydrodynamical models. In our setting, the vacuum is allowed and as a byproduct of the existence result we get a blow-up criterion for the local strong solution. Moreover we prove a blow-up criterion for the local strong solutions in terms of the velocity gradient, the mass fraction gradient and the temperature similar to the well-known Beale–Kato–Majda criterion for ideal incompressible flows.
Temple system on networks
Authors: Borsche R. , Garavello M. , Gunarso B.
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with the well-posedness on a network of a Temple system of nonlinear hyperbolic balance laws. Temple systems are characterized by the fact that shock and rarefaction curves coincide. This study is motivated by a model for traffic, recently proposed, inspired by kinetic considerations. The proof of the well-posedness is based on the wave-front tracking procedure, on the pseudo-polygonal technique and on the operator splitting method.
Invariant measures for stochastic parabolic–hyperbolic equations in the space of almost periodic functions: Lipschitz flux case
Authors: Espitia Claudia , Frid Hermano , Marroquin Daniel
Published: November 2023

We study the well-posedness and the long-time behavior of almost periodic solutions to stochastic degenerate parabolic–hyperbolic equations in any space dimension, under the assumption of Lipschitz continuity of the flux and viscosity functions and a non-degeneracy condition. We show the existence and uniqueness of an invariant measure in a separable subspace of the space of Besicovitch almost periodic functions.
The Benefits of Using Wave Iterations to Evaluate Functions and Define Innovative Design Solutions: An Applied Systematic Review
Authors: Setti Paulo Henrique Palma , Canciglieri Osiris
Published: November 2023

The search for competitive advantages in today’s industry necessitates a shift in the approach to developing economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable products. A critical aspect of this approach is evaluating a product’s functions and linking them to its manufacturability to reduce costs and achieve a more balanced design that aligns with customers’ perceived value and actual manufacturing costs. Despite this, there is a lack of significant research on methods that connect the various stages of the integrated product development process. This paper begins by conducting a comprehensive review and content analysis of recent research to identify the current state of research in this field. Next, it proposes a model that aims to strike a balance between the value of a product’s functions and the cost of implementing solutions throughout the product development process. To test the proposed model, it was applied to a real-world example from the consumer goods industry. The results demonstrate the relevance of the gathered information, the feasibility of the method, as well as its specificities, impacts, and limitations.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from “Cẩm” Purple Rice Bran for Modulation of Starch Digestion
Authors: Loan Le Thi Kim , Thuy Nguyen Minh , Van Tai Ngo
Published: November 2023

Purple rice, locally known as “Cẩm” rice, is cultivated in the southern region of Vietnam. The bran of “Cẩm” rice is often disregarded and underutilized; nevertheless, it harbours substantial nutritive value, particularly in terms of antioxidant compounds. Additionally, sonication, an emerging and “green” technological approach, has been employed to augment the extraction efficiency of these antioxidants. This research is aimed at optimizing and maximizing the antioxidant recovery capacity including phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, along with their antioxidant activities, through the assistance of ultrasound waves. The effect of the extract on the starch digestion process was also investigated. The study employed the Box-Behnken experimental design, encompassing three variables: extraction time (20-40 minutes), temperature (60-80°C), and solvent-to-material ratio (8 : 1 to 12 : 1). Analysis was conducted on total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. Results demonstrated that the peak yield of antioxidant compounds and their corresponding activities were attained at an extraction duration of 29.38 minutes, a temperature of 69°C, and a solvent-to-material ratio of 9.92. Under these optimal conditions, the yields were as follows: total phenolic compounds at 60.821 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid compounds at 3.2696 mg QE/g, percentage inhibition of DPPH at 74.778%, and FRAP value at 54.112 μmol Fe (II)/g. The established models were validated and exhibited a strong alignment between predicted and actual values, with disparities of less than 3% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the extract was codigested with cooked corn starch, revealing a dose-dependent effect on starch digestibility. The sluggishness of digestion rate was observed when 20 mg of the extract was supplemented to 200 mg of cooked corn starch. This suggests that rice bran extract holds promise as an effective ingredient for mitigating starch digestion, particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with diabetes.
Mathematical Modeling and Stability Analysis of Systemic Risk in the Banking Ecosystem
Authors: Irakoze Irène , Nahayo Fulgence , Ikpe Dennis , Gyamerah Samuel Asante , Viens Frederi
Published: November 2023

This paper investigates the dynamics of systemic risk in banking networks by analyzing equilibrium points and stability conditions. The focus is on a model that incorporates interactions among distressed and undistressed banks. The equilibrium points are determined by solving a reduced system of equations, considering both homogeneous and heterogeneous scenarios. Local and global stability analyses reveal conditions under which equilibrium points are stable or unstable. Numerical simulations further illustrate the dynamics of systemic risk, while the theoretical findings offer insights into the behavior of distressed banks under varying conditions. Overall, the model enhances our understanding of systemic financial risk and offers valuable insights for risk management and policymaking in the banking sector.
Mechanism Research and Application for Ginsenosides in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Nian , Mao Feifei , Cheng Shuqun
Published: November 2023

Ginsenosides, the main active pharmacological ingredients of ginseng, have been widely used for the treatment of numerous carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is 3rd leading malignant tumor in terms of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that ginsenosides play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of HCC. Ginsenosides can significantly improve the symptoms of HCC, and their anticancer activity is mainly involved in inhibiting proliferation and migration, inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, promoting caspase‐3 and 8‐mediated apoptosis, regulating autophagy related to Atg5, Atg7, Atg12, LC3‐II, and PI3K/Akt pathways, and lowering invasion and metastasis associated with decreased nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 and MMP‐2/9, increasing IL‐2 and IFN‐γ levels to enhance immune function, as well as regulating the gut‐liver axis. In addition, ginsenosides can be used as an adjuvant to conventional cancer therapies, enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, and improving efficacy and/or reducing adverse reactions through synergistic effects. Therefore, the current manuscript discusses the mechanism and application of ginsenosides in HCC. It is hoped to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of HCC with ginsenosides.
Effects of Supplementary Kelp Feeding on the Growth, Gonad Yield, and Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality of Subadult Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) with Soya Lecithin Intake History
Authors: Di Weixiao , Heqiu Yuqing , Gou Dan , Gong Panke , Ding Jun , Chang Yaqing , Zuo Rantao
Published: November 2023

A 23-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementary kelp feeding on the growth, gonad development, and nutritional and sensory properties of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) with soya lecithin (SL) intake history. The feeding experiment was divided into experimental phase I and phase II. During phase I, 48 subadult sea urchins (initial weight: 6.28 ± 0.07 g) were fed one of the feeds with different levels of SL (0%, 1.6%, 3.2%) or kelp (Saccharina japonica) for 12 weeks. Then, all sea urchins were fed kelp for the next 11 weeks during the phase II. Each diet was randomly allocated to six cages of sea urchins. The results of phase I showed that weight gain rate (WGR), gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad sensory properties (color and texture), and essential amino acid (EAA) contents were not significantly affected by SL level in the feed groups. High level (3.2%) of SL suppressed gonad development of S. intermedius with retarded gametogenesis in the 3.2% SL group (stage Ⅱ) compared to those fed 0% and 1.6% SL groups (stage Ⅲ). Sea urchins fed dry feeds exhibited significantly lower WGR and values of color (redness and yellowness) and texture (hardness and gumminess) but higher contents of EAA in the gonads than those fed kelp. The n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) of gonads in the groups fed with dry feeds showed no significant differences, but were significantly lower than that of kelp group. At the end of phase II, the gonad yellowness and EPA content of gonads in all dry feed groups were significantly increased by supplementary kelp feeding, with a higher increase observed in S. intermedius with SL intake history, while arachidonic acid (ARA) content was significantly improved by supplementary kelp feeding in S. intermedius with SL intake history. Gonad texture was improved to some extent by supplementary kelp feeding. These results indicated that S. intermedius fed dry feeds showed significantly higher GSI and EAA but poorer organoleptic quality and lower n-3/n-6 PUFA and EPA than those fed kelp. Kelp supplementary feeding improved the fatty acid value and organoleptic quality of gonads, especially for the sea urchins with SL intake history.
Supplementary Table S2 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Table S2 shows quantifications of cell growth rates
Supplementary Fig. S8 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S8 shows response surfaces and contour plots of the drug pairs
Supplementary Fig. S7 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S7 shows posterior prediction of effective drug model parameters
Supplementary Fig. S6 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S6 shows posterior prediction of the cell cycle phase counts
Supplementary Fig. S4 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S4 shows using LOOIC to determine number of stages m
Supplementary Fig. S3 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S3 shows cell cycle analysis results
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S2 shows cell proliferation results in -DOX/+DOX cells
Supplementary Fig. S16 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S16 shows in silico trial predictions of the cell count at day 100
Supplementary Fig. S15 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S15 shows in silico simulation of new cell lines - 3
Supplementary Fig. S13 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S13 shows in silico simulation of new cell lines - 1
Supplementary Fig. S12 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Fig. S12 shows parameter search of palbociclib resistant cell lines
Supplementary Appendix S3 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Supplementary Appendix S3 shows multistage model versus logistic model
FIGURE 3 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

Pharmacodynamics of palbociclib and fulvestrant. A–D, In each panel, the y-axis represents the ratio of the G1-to-S transition rate treated by palbociclib/fulvestrant to the G1-to-S transition rate in control (zero drug concentration) and the x-axis represents drug concentrations in the unit of nmol/L. The gray shaded area corresponds to the 95% credible interval of the posterior predictive values. A, Fulvestrant only in −DOX cells. B, Palbociclib only in −DOX cells. C, Fulvestrant only in +DOX cells. D, Palbociclib only in +DOX cells. E and F are the surface plots for G1–S TR50 (z-axis) with respect to the combinations of palbociclib (x-axis) and fulvestrant (y-axis). E, For −DOX cells: because the response to fulvestrant is extremely sensitive, the unit is rescaled to 1e−6 nmol/L; palbocilib is in the unit of nmol/L. F, For +DOX cells: the units of palbociclib and fulvestrant are both in nmol/L.
FIGURE 2 from Mathematical Modeling Identifies Optimum Palbociclib-fulvestrant Dose Administration Schedules for the Treatment of Patients with Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Stein Shayna , Nardone Agostina , Liu Weihan , Ma Wen , Cohen Gabriella , Guarducci Cristina , McDonald Thomas O. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Michor Franziska
Published: November 2023

A, B, Posterior prediction of the total cell count. Each panel shows the posterior predicted total number of live cells over 5 days for a specific combination of palbociclib and fulvestrant for −DOX (A) and +DOX (B) cells. The line represents the median posterior predicted live cell count value over 5 days and the gray shaded area corresponds to the 95% credible interval of the posterior predictive values. The datapoints represent the observed cell counts from the drug synergy experiments used to train the model. The concentration of palbociclib increases across the columns and is denoted at the top of each column; the concentration of fulvestrant increases down the rows and is denoted to the right of each row. The unit of drug concentrations is nmol/L. C, D, The posterior predictive number of cells in each phase of the cell cycle for −DOX (C) and +DOX (D) cells treated with fulvestrant and palbociclib in combination. Each panel corresponds to a specific dose of fulvestrant and palbociclib. The line represents the median posterior predictive value and the shaded area corresponds to the 95% credible interval of the posterior predictive values. The datapoints represent the observed cell phase counts from the cell-cycle analysis experiments used to train the model. The concentrations of fulvestrant and palbociclib increase across the columns and are denoted at the top of each column. Red, blue, and green represent the G0–G1, S, and G2–M phases, respectively. See Supplementary Fig. S5 and S6 for more sets of drug concentrations.