bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency caesareans are associated with an increased risk of recurrent early preterm birth: a commentary
Authors: Glazewska‐Hallin Agnieszka , Rosen O'Sullivan Hannah , Shennan Andrew
Published: August 2022

This article includes Author Insights, a video abstract available at: https://vimeo.com/733549553.
Making global public policy work: A survey of international organization effectiveness
Authors: Coen David , Kreienkamp Julia , Tokhi Alexandros , Pegram Tom
Published: August 2022

Do international organizations (IOs) actually help address global problems? This question is of major concern for global governance scholars and policy makers, yet few existing studies review issues of effectiveness across a range of different issue areas. This paper generates comparative insights on IO performance across seven policy domains, namely climate change, development, finance, investment, migration, security, and trade. Based on a detailed expert survey, we consider how key IOs in these issue areas perform across three different measures of effectiveness: constitutive effectiveness, compliance, and goal achievement. We also investigate causal claims on effectiveness, exploring how IO institutional design – and in particular measures of authority – influence their ability to shape policy outcomes. Taking stock of the distribution of authority across issue areas and policy functions, we ask whether highly formalized, deeply constraining institutional arrangements have a consistently stronger impact on state behaviour or whether less formalized institutions with fewer discretionary powers can also contribute to the effective implementation of internationally coordinated policies. Finally, we identify key cross‐cutting challenges for global governance effectiveness, including political conflict and politicization, concerns related to legitimacy and representation, and growing problem complexity.
Instrumental swallowing assessment in adults in residential aged care homes: Practice patterns and opportunities
Authors: Birchall Olga , Bennett Michelle , Lawson Nadine , Cotton Susan M. , Vogel Adam P.
Published: August 2022

Objective

To describe practice patterns in the use of instrumental swallowing assessment (ISA) for older adults in residential aged care homes (RACHs).

Methods

A retrospective audit of medical records of residents living in RACHs in Melbourne, Australia to extract data on speech‐language pathologist (SLP) involvement, indications for ISA and ISA practice patterns.

Results

Medical files of 323 residents across four Melbourne facilities were reviewed. 36% (n = 115) of residents were referred to SLP for swallowing assessment. Referral to SLP was related to length of stay (U = 7393.00, p < 0.001), dementia status (χ2[1] = 7.06, p = 0.008), texture modification (χ2[1] = 93.34, p < 0.001) and an existing dysphagia diagnosis (χ2[1] = 112.89, p < 0.001). There were no referrals for ISA and no instances of ISA being used. Among 115 residents who were referred to SLP for swallowing assessment, there were 33 instances where ISA might be clinically relevant according to ISA indicators.

Conclusions

Instrumental swallowing assessment is not being used for the management of swallowing in RACHs in Australia despite a clinical need for ISA and a potential role for ISA to improve swallowing care quality. Lack of timely ISA may fail to meet the complex health‐care needs of older adults living with dysphagia in RACHs, increasing their vulnerability to complications of dysphagia and its management.
Learning and teaching stage 4 clinical decision making: progression from novice to expert
Authors: Crebbin Wendy , Guest Glenn , Beasley Spencer , Tobin Stephen , Duvivier Robbert , Watters David
Published: August 2022

Background

This paper describes the development of learning from novice to expert in Stage 4: Clinical Decision Making (CDM) in surgery: Postoperative reflection and review.

It also outlines some or the assessment and teaching approaches suitable to facilitate that transition in skill level.

Methods

This paper is drawn from a much broader study of learning and teaching CDM, that used qualitative methodology based on Constructivist and Grounded Theory. Data was collected in individual interviews and focus groups. Using thematic analysis the data were analysed to identify key ideas. All participants worked in the Department of Surgery at one large regional hospital in Victoria.

Results

For each stage there is a sequence of learning beginning from relying on external resources, gradually developing internal resources to guide and direct the learner's CDM. Those internal resources built through experience include multisensory and kinaesthetic memories that expand to facilitate the ability to cope with complexity.

Discussion

Armed with the mind‐map and rubric table included in this paper it should be possible for any senior clinician or teacher to diagnose their trainees' progression in Stage 4 CDM. This will enable them to tailor their teaching to best match the capabilities of the trainee and to enable to be more effectively targeted.

Conclusion

CDM can be taught and both trainees and senior clinicians can benefit from understanding the processes involved.
Opioid use and patient outcomes in an Australian hip and knee arthroplasty cohort
Authors: Huang Phil , Brownrigg Jack , Roe Justin , Carmody David , Pinczewski Leo , Gooden Benjamin , Lyons Matthew , Salmon Lucy , Martina Ka , Crighton Joanna , O'Sullivan Michael
Published: August 2022

Background

To determine the prevalence of opioid use in Australian hip (THA) or knee (TKA) cohort, and its association with outcomes.

Methods

About 837 primary THA or TKA subjects prospectively completed Oxford Scores, and Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score(KOOS/HOOS) and opioid use in the previous week before arthroplasty. Subjects repeated the baseline survey at 6 months, with additional questions regarding satisfaction.

Results

Opioid use was reported by 19% preoperatively and 7% at 6 months. Opioid use was 46% at 6 weeks and 10% at 6 months after TKR, and 16% at 6 weeks and 4% at 6 months after THR. Preoperative opioid use was associated with back pain(OR 2.2, P = 0.006), anxiety or depression(OR 1.8, P = 0.001) and Oxford knee scores <30(OR 5.6, P = 0.021) in TKA subjects, and females in THA subjects(OR 1.7, P = 0.04). There was no difference between preoperative opioid users and non‐users for satisfaction, or KOOS or HOOS scores at 6 months. 77% of patients taking opioids before surgery had ceased by 6 months, and 3% of preoperative non users reported opioid use at 6 months. Opioid use at 6 months was associated with preoperative use (OR 6.6–14.7, P < 0.001), and lower 6 month oxford scores (OR 4.4–83.6, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

One in five used opioids before arthroplasty. Pre‐operative opioid use was the strongest risk factor for opioid use at 6 months, increasing odds 7–15 times. Prolonged opioid use was rarely observed in the opioid naïve (<5% TKA and 1% THA). Preoperative opioid use was not associated with inferior outcomes or satisfaction.
Incidence of A pattern strabismus after inferior rectus recession in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: A retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Jellema Hinke Marijke , Eckstein Anja , Oeverhaus Michael , Lacraru Ioana , Saeed Peerooz
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose

Patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO) may develop restricted elevation; this can lead to hypotropia, sometimes in combination with an abnormal head posture. Recession of one or both inferior rectus muscles is the first line surgery to restore eye motility in these patients. However, this may result in A pattern strabismus. This study was performed to determine the rate of occurrence of this type of incomitant strabismus and potential predictive factors.

Methods

All patients undergoing surgery on one or two inferior rectus muscles over a 10‐year period were screened retrospectively for the A pattern, defined as a ≥5° difference in squint angle between the primary gaze and downgaze. The extraocular muscle thickness in patients with acquired A pattern was determined by computed tomography (CT) and compared with a control group consisting of patients randomly selected from the total cohort.

Results

In a total of 590 patients, surgery was performed on the inferior rectus muscle(s) during the study period; the A pattern was identified in 59 patients. Simultaneous surgery was performed on one or both medial rectus muscles in 32% of the patients. This group had significant incyclotorsion (p = 0.000) and less depression (p = 0.000) postoperatively.

The mean amount of recession was 4.38 ± 1.53 mm in the A pattern group and 3.91 ± 1.37 mm in the control group (p = 0.032). The amount of depression was 50.2° ± 7.4° in the A pattern group and 57.3° ± 4.4° in the control group (p = 0.045). The inferior rectus muscle was significantly thicker in the A pattern than in the control group (p = 0.027), while there was no significant difference in the thickness of the superior oblique muscle between the two groups (p = 0.870). Of all patients with the A pattern, 47% required further surgery to achieve adequate binocular single vision.

Conclusion

Increased preoperative inferior rectus muscle thickness and relatively limited depression could be predictors of postoperative A pattern inferior rectus recession in patients with GO. Step‐by‐step procedures are preferable in this surgically challenging group of patients.
Editorial: pegylated interferon combined with bulevirtide for chronic hepatitis delta—new life for an old timer?
Authors: Riveiro‐Barciela Mar , Palom Adriana , Buti Maria
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Jachs et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16138
Editorial: paternal use of IBD therapies and risk of infant infection
Authors: Kane Sunanda
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Friedman et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17113
Muddy Glee, 18 years later …
Authors: Bracken Louise , Mawdsley Emma
Published: August 2022

In this short paper, we thank the authors of the papers in this special section, and briefly respond to their insightful and important contributions. We then each provide a brief account of how the 2004 paper emerged, and reflect on our fieldwork ‘journeys’ since its publication.
Association between road traffic accidents and drugs belonging to the antiseizure medications class: A pharmacovigilance analysis in VigiBase
Authors: Chrétien Basile , Nguyen Sophie , Dolladille Charles , Morice Pierre‐Marie , Heraudeau Marie , Loilier Magalie , Fedrizzi Sophie , Bourgine Joanna , Cesbron Alexandre , Alexandre Joachim , Bocca Marie‐Laure , Freret Thomas , Lelong‐Boulouard Véronique
Published: August 2022

Aims

Due to their central mechanism of action, antiseizure medications (ASMs) could lead to adverse effects likely to impair driving skills. Their extended use to neuropsychiatric disorders makes it a class of drugs to monitor for their road traffic accidental (RTA) potential. We aimed to assess the reporting association between ASMs and RTAs using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase).

Methods

We performed a disproportionality analysis to compute adjusted reporting odds ratios to evaluate the strength of reporting association between ASMs and RTAs. A univariate analysis using the reporting odds‐ratio was used to assess drug–drug interactions between ASMs and RTAs.

Results

There were 1 341 509 reports associated with at least 1 ASM in VigiBase of whom 2.91‰ were RTAs reports. Eight ASMs were associated with higher reporting of RTAs compared to others (ranging from 1.35 [95% confidence interval 1.11–1.64] for lamotrigine to 4.36 [95% confidence interval 3.56–5.32] for cannabis). Eight significant drug–drug interactions were found between ASMs and the onset of RTA, mainly involving CYP450 induction.

Conclusion

A significant safety signal between RTAs and some ASMs was identified. Association of several ASMs might further increase the occurrence of RTA. ASMs prescription in patients with identified risk factors of RTA should be considered with caution. Study number:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04480996.
Trauma and aggression: Evaluating the influence of primed hostility and survivor sex
Authors: Ripley Adam J. , Clapp Joshua D. , Wilkowski Benjamin M.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The relation between posttrauma symptoms and aggression is an area of growing interest in the larger clinical literature. The current project looked to examine the impact of primed hostility on aggressive responding in men and women with and without a history of prior trauma.

Design

Experimental aggression paradigm assessed in a 2 (Group) × 2 (Sex) × 2 (Prime) mixed factorial ANOVA.

Methods

Trauma‐naïve participants (N = 52) and survivors reporting active symptoms (N = 43) were exposed to hostile and neutral lexical primes in what was presented as a reaction time task played against an unseen ‘opponent’. In actuality, ‘wins’ and ‘losses’ during the task were assigned by an automated system. The intensity of an aversive sound blast delivered by participants to the supposed opponent in trials the participant ‘won’ served as an index of behavioural aggression.

Results

Repeated‐measures ANOVA identified a between‐by‐within interaction of exposure group and lexical prime (p = .010;  = .070), with trauma‐exposed participants (p = .002, Δ = .30), but not controls (p = .159, Δ = .11), demonstrating elevations in aggression subsequent to hostile priming. A sex by prime interaction (p = .001;  = .117) similarly indicated elevated aggression following hostile priming in men (p = .007, Δ = .58) as compared to women (p = .062, Δ = .10).

Conclusions

Results offer preliminary support for the association of situationally primed hostility and biological sex with aggressive responding in survivors reporting active symptoms.
The development and validation of the Death Anxiety Beliefs and Behaviours Scale
Authors: Menzies Rachel E. , Sharpe Louise , Dar‐Nimrod Ilan
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Research spanning the fields of clinical, social and health psychology suggests that death anxiety is an important construct. However, no comprehensive, psychometrically adequate measure of the construct exists. The current studies outline the development of a new measure of death anxiety, the Death Anxiety Beliefs and Behaviours Scale (DABBS), which is the first measure to specifically assess unhelpful beliefs and behaviours that may underlie fears of death.

Methods

In Study 1, items were piloted in a large community sample (N = 505). In Studies 2A and 2B, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed using a treatment‐seeking (N = 200) and non‐treatment‐seeking sample (N = 200). These analyses resulted in the final 18‐item scale.

Results

The DABBS demonstrated good construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability. In Study 3, the DABBS effectively distinguished participants with clinically significant death anxiety and distress from those without, demonstrating excellent discriminant validity.

Conclusions

The present data indicate that the DABBS is a valid and reliable measure of affect, beliefs and behaviours relating to death anxiety, in a community sample of adults and among those seeking mental health treatment. Given the increasing recognition of the importance of death anxiety, the DABBS offers a useful research and clinical tool.
Evidence‐based medical treatment of POEMS syndrome
Authors: Khwaja Jahanzaib , D'Sa Shirley , Lunn Michael P. , Sive Jonathan
Published: August 2022

POEMS syndrome is a rare multisystem paraneoplastic disorder due to an underlying low‐level plasma cell dyscrasia. Due to its rarity, there are limited data to guide treatment and there are no consensus guidelines. Therapy choices are dictated by patient characteristics, disease factors and local funding arrangements. The goals of therapy are to eradicate the underlying clone in order to improve quality of life and overall survival. Most evidence has been garnered in the front‐line setting. Localised disease responds well to radiotherapy, whilst for those with systemic disease, the best outcomes are demonstrated with induction chemotherapy followed up with high‐dose melphalan and stem cell rescue if eligible. For transplant‐ineligible patients lenalidomide–dexamethasone remains a preferred treatment option. Data in the relapse setting are scarce. Supportive care including management of neuropathy, endocrinopathy, thrombotic risk and anti‐infective agents is necessary. Future international collaboration is crucial to define optimal treatment strategies particularly in the relapse setting.
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics
Authors: Marovt Maruška , Deželak Petra , Ekart Robert , Marko Pij B.
Published: August 2022

The effect of psoriasis treatment with biologics on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines is largely unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 following two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine) in patients with psoriasis receiving biologic monotherapy, and compare it with that of healthy controls.
Non‐Isometric Shape Matching via Functional Maps on Landmark‐Adapted Bases
Authors: Panine Mikhail , Kirgo Maxime , Ovsjanikov Maks
Published: August 2022

We propose a principled approach for non‐isometric landmark‐preserving non‐rigid shape matching. Our method is based on the functional map framework, but rather than promoting isometries we focus on near‐conformal maps that preserve landmarks exactly. We achieve this, first, by introducing a novel landmark‐adapted basis using an intrinsic Dirichlet‐Steklov eigenproblem. Second, we establish the functional decomposition of conformal maps expressed in this basis. Finally, we formulate a conformally‐invariant energy that promotes high‐quality landmark‐preserving maps, and show how it can be optimized via a variant of the recently proposed ZoomOut method that we extend to our setting. Our method is descriptor‐free, efficient and robust to significant mesh variability. We evaluate our approach on a range of benchmark datasets and demonstrate state‐of‐the‐art performance on non‐isometric benchmarks and near state‐of‐the‐art performance on isometric ones.
Turning a lost reef ecosystem into a national restoration program
Authors: McAfee Dominic , McLeod Ian M. , Alleway Heidi K. , Bishop Melanie J. , Branigan Simon , Connell Sean D. , Copeland Craig , Crawford Christine M. , Diggles Ben K. , Fitzsimons James A. , Gilby Ben L. , Hamer Paul , Hancock Boze , Pearce Robert , Russell Kylie , Gillies Chris L.
Published: August 2022

Achieving a sustainable socioecological future now requires large‐scale environmental repair across legislative borders. Yet, enabling large‐scale conservation is complicated by policy‐making processes that are disconnected from socioeconomic interests, multiple sources of knowledge, and differing applications of policy. We considered how a multidisciplinary approach to marine habitat restoration generated the scientific evidence base, community support, and funding needed to begin the restoration of a forgotten, functionally extinct shellfish reef ecosystem. The key actors came together as a multidisciplinary community of researchers, conservation practitioners, recreational fisher communities, and government bodies that collaborated across sectors to rediscover Australia's lost shellfish reefs and communicate the value of its restoration. Actions undertaken to build a case for large‐scale marine restoration included synthesizing current knowledge on Australian shellfish reefs and their historical decline, using this history to tell a compelling story to spark public and political interest, integrating restoration into government policy, and rallying local support through community engagement. Clearly articulating the social, economic, and environmental business case for restoration led to state and national funding for reef restoration to meet diverse sustainability goals (e.g., enhanced biodiversity and fisheries productivity) and socioeconomic goals (e.g., job creation and recreational opportunities). A key lesson learned was the importance of aligning project goals with public and industry interests so that projects could address multiple political obligations. This process culminated in Australia's largest marine restoration initiative and shows that solutions for large‐scale ecosystem repair can rapidly occur when socially valued science acts on political opportunities.
Facilitating the adoption of high‐throughput sequencing technologies as a plant pest diagnostic test in laboratories: A step‐by‐step description
Authors: Lebas Benedicte , Adams Ian , Al Rwahnih Maher , Baeyen Steve , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , Blouin Arnaud G. , Boonham Neil , Candresse Thierry , Chandelier Anne , De Jonghe Kris , Fox Adrian , Gaafar Yahya Z. A. , Gentit Pascal , Haegeman Annelies , Ho Wellcome , Hurtado‐Gonzales Oscar , Jonkers Wilfried , Kreuze Jan , Kutjnak Denis , Landa Blanca , Liu Mingxin , Maclot François , Malapi‐Wight Martha , Maree Hano J. , Martoni Francesco , Mehle Natasha , Minafra Angelantonio , Mollov Dimitre , Moreira Adriana , Nakhla Mark , Petter Françoise , Piper Alexander M. , Ponchart Julien , Rae Robbie , Remenant Benoit , Rivera Yazmin , Rodoni Brendan , Roenhorst Johanna W. , Rollin Johan , Saldarelli Pasquale , Santala Johanna , Souza‐Richards Rose , Spadaro Davide , Studholme David J. , Sultmanis Stefanie , van der Vlugt René , Tamisier Lucie , Trontin Charlotte , Vazquez‐Iglesias Ines , Vicente Claudia S. L. , Vossenberg Bart T. L. H. , Wetzel Thierry , Ziebell Heiko , Massart Sebastien
Published: August 2022

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) is a powerful tool that enables the simultaneous detection and potential identification of any organisms present in a sample. The growing interest in the application of HTS technologies for routine diagnostics in plant health laboratories is triggering the development of guidelines on how to prepare laboratories for performing HTS testing. This paper describes general and technical recommendations to guide laboratories through the complex process of preparing a laboratory for HTS tests within existing quality assurance systems. From nucleic acid extractions to data analysis and interpretation, all of the steps are covered to ensure reliable and reproducible results. These guidelines are relevant for the detection and identification of any plant pest (e.g. arthropods, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, invasive plants or weeds, protozoa, viroids, viruses), and from any type of matrix (e.g. pure microbial culture, plant tissue, soil, water), regardless of the HTS technology (e.g. amplicon sequencing, shotgun sequencing) and of the application (e.g. surveillance programme, phytosanitary certification, quarantine, import control). These guidelines are written in general terms to facilitate the adoption of HTS technologies in plant pest routine diagnostics and enable broader application in all plant health fields, including research. A glossary of relevant terms is provided among the Supplementary Material.
Macroinvertebrate distribution associated with environmental variables in alpine streams
Authors: Becquet Juliette , Lamouroux Nicolas , Condom Thomas , Gouttevin Isabelle , Forcellini Maxence , Launay Bertrand , Rabatel Antoine , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie
Published: August 2022

Ongoing hydrological alterations due to climate change and anthropogenic uses of water have major implications for freshwater biodiversity. Quantifying the relative effects of environmental variables on macroinvertebrates is required to predict biological responses to hydrological alterations. To date, no study simultaneously examined the effects of physico‐chemistry, hydraulics, and hydrology on the distribution of alpine macroinvertebrate communities and taxa. In this study, we aimed to quantify the relative correlation between these environmental variables and macroinvertebrate community composition and structure.

We sampled macroinvertebrates at 66 stream sites located in three catchments in the French Alps. We characterised the proximate habitat at each site using 11 variables describing measured physico‐chemistry and hydraulics, and simulation‐based hydrology. We described relationships between community structure and the environment using a co‐inertia analysis and modelled individual taxa abundance with generalised linear mixed models.

The co‐inertia revealed a significant co‐structure between the environmental and macroinvertebrate matrices. Glacier‐influenced sites with high turbidity and summer flow exhibited similar community composition with low total abundance. Sources at high altitude and sites with low glacial influence, exhibiting high summer flow and flow velocity, were dominated by Diamesinae, Rhithrogena spp., Dictyogenus spp., and Baetis alpinus. Streams fed by rainfall/snowmelt and valley sources, associated with higher temperature, conductivity, and monthly discharge variability were characterised by higher richness and abundances. Models indicated that the three types of proximate habitat variables significantly contributed to the macroinvertebrate distribution. Turbidity was strongly negatively associated with macroinvertebrate abundances. Increasing flow velocity and summer flow had significant (mainly negative) effect in 43% of models.

The co‐structure between communities and proximate habitat variables was shared by the three catchments. For most individual taxa, catchment identity did not influence abundance models and cross‐validations indicated transferable effects of proximate habitat variables among alpine catchments.

Our results can be used to infer responses of alpine macroinvertebrates to multivariate environmental changes. Understanding the relationships between macroinvertebrates and environmental variables help to predict how communities and taxa will be affected by habitat alterations due to ongoing hydrological changes and resulting physico‐chemical conditions.
Negativity bias in welfare policy feedback effects on mass publics
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Wang Qiang , Zhao Menghan
Published: August 2022

Extant studies on policy feedback effects have examined how a welfare increase, rather than a decrease, might shape policy attitudes or political engagement. Nevertheless, exploring the effects of welfare decrease on the mass public is significant because of its increasingly crucial relevance to public policy practices worldwide. Using a unique longitudinal national panel survey dataset (2015–2017) related to China's Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Program, this study examines how welfare program benefits influence the policy perceptions and political participation of more than 10,000 economically disadvantaged respondents. A series of analyses showed that all else being equal, starting to receive program benefits in a year does not necessarily produce a positive effect on policy perceptions or on political participation. However, being deprived of program benefits in a year has a significantly negative effect on policy perceptions and political participation. These findings concur with the negativity bias proposed in the psychology literature and contribute to the understanding of the micro‐level foundations of welfare policy feedback effects on the mass public.
Research on deep learning method recognition and a classification model of grassland grass species based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral remote sensing
Authors: Zhu Xiangbing , Bi Yuge , Du Jianmin , Gao Xinchao , Zhang Tao , Pi Weiqiang , Zhang Yanbin , Wang Yuan , Zhang Haijun
Published: August 2022

Identifying grass species in grasslands based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral remote sensing is the basis and premise of hyperspectral remote sensing when applied to grassland degradation monitoring and research. The small targets and mixed pixels involved grass species identification in grasslands creates problems, making identification cumbersome and classification accuracy difficult. This study involved the construction of an unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral remote sensing system using hyperspectral data of grass species in desert habitats that had been collected under natural light. A multi‐resolution combined with a 1 × 1 feature map was formed by multiscale convolution, and grass species data were extracted from hyperspectral fine‐grained feature data from grasslands. A recognition and classification model for degradation indicator species CNN was constructed using max pooling to retain the maximum amount of feature detail and up‐sampling, reconstructing the feature space and feature fusion to smooth the edge texture of the data and enhance the weak data to alleviate the imbalance among samples. The results showed that the overall identification accuracy of the model for grassland species reached 98.78%, and the kappa coefficient reached 0.92, realizing the high‐precision identification of grassland species, which laid the foundation for grassland species detection and research based on unmanned aerial vehicle hyperspectral imagery. In addition, the proposed degradation indicator species CNN model provides a useful reference for the identification and classification of small targets with mixed pixels.
Testimonios de las atravesadas: A borderland existence of women of color faculty
Authors: Cho Katherine S. , Banda Racheal M. , Fernández Érica , Aronson Brittany
Published: August 2022

The temporalities of COVID‐19 and resultant economic crisis, along with increased visibility of white supremacy and anti‐Blackness, have exacerbated the longstanding challenges Women of Color (WOC) faculty experience, particularly around negotiating labor and navigating the academy. Through Anzaldúa's borderlands framework, and an interwoven methodology of testimonios and pláticas, this paper's findings illuminate how the fixed, shifting, and messy boundaries of academic work have, especially for WOC faculty working through COVID‐19, violated the limits of the personal and professional, intruded into the homes as sacred spaces, and continued and expanded demands to provide labor. Institutions have placated these fraught borders with professional development and networks of mentorship—all while pivoting away from addressing the material and structural conditions that disintegrate the borders, particularly for WOC faculty. By exploring the layered complexities of traversing the academy–a space not made for our existence as WOC within them–we offer a nuanced understanding of academic borderlands. As a part of this, we highlight our resistance to carve out spaces of solidarity and collectivity in the face of Eurocentric, individualistic institutions to imagine new possibilities, a practice necessary toward transforming the academy.
Optimized dual therapy for treatment‐naive patients of Helicobacter pylori infection: A large‐scale prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled study
Authors: Han Ying‐Ying , Long Hui , Lin Ya , He Qiong , Chen Wei‐Gang , Ding Xiang‐Wu , Zhou Lin , An Ping , Wang Fen , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Hu Yun‐Lian , Li Pei‐Yuan
Published: August 2022

Background

The efficacy and safety of high‐dose amoxicillin (AMX) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) dual therapy raises much more attention in recent years. Comparative studies among the dual therapies are required to explore more suitable regimens. This study compared the efficacy, adverse events, and patient compliance of three different high‐dose dual regimens in treatment‐naive patients of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.

Materials and Methods

The study was a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized controlled trial, including H. pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients at 12 tertiary hospitals in China. The eligible subjects received high‐dose AMX and esomeprazole (ESO) dual therapy of different regimens. They were randomly assigned to group A (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 750 mg, Qid for 14 days), group B (ESO 40 mg Bid plus AMX 1 g Tid for 14 days), or group C (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 1 g, Tid for 14 days). The eradication rates, adverse events, and patient compliance of the three groups were compared.

Results

Between April 2021 and January 2022, a total of 1080 subjects were screened and 945 were randomized. The eradication rates in groups A, B, and C were 88.6% (95% CI 84.5%–91.9%), 84.4% (95% CI 80.0%–88.3%), and 86.7% (95% CI 82.4%–90.2%; p = .315), respectively, based on intention‐to‐treat analysis; 90.3% (95% CI 86.4%–93.3%), 85.5% (95% CI 81.1%–89.2%), and 87.8% (95% CI 83.6%–91.2%; p = .197), respectively, according to modified intention‐to‐treat analysis; and 90.4% (95% CI 86.5%–93.5%), 85.8% (95% CI 81.4%–89.5%), and 88.3% (95% CI 84.1%–91.7%; p = .202) in per‐protocol analysis. History of antibiotics use in 2 years reduced eradication effect in group B (ESO 40 mg Bid, AMX 1 g Tid). The modified intention‐to‐treat eradication rates were 81.4% vs 90.0% among those with or without a history of antibiotics use in group B (p = .031). The adverse event rates were 13.7%, 12.7%, and 12.1% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p = .834). Patient compliance of the three groups was similar.

Conclusions

Two optimized AMX and PPI dual regimens (ESO 40 mg Bid or 20 mg Tid plus AMX 1 g Tid for 14 days) had similar efficacy, safety and compliance as compared with classical dual regimen (ESO 20 mg plus AMX 750 mg Qid for 14 days) in H. pylori‐infected treatment‐naive patients.
Contemporary genetic structure of Xantus's Hummingbird (Basilinna xantusii) in the Baja California peninsula
Authors: García‐De León Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Estrella Ricardo , Mendoza‐Portillo Verónica , Morales‐Flores Georgina , Jiménez‐Guevara Constanza Danaee
Published: August 2022

Genetic structure and phylogeographic patterns of natural populations are of great importance in assessing the conservation status of species. These population properties can be estimated using molecular markers of either mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) to understand the historical, ecological and dispersal patterns that influence genetic exchange within and between populations.Basilinna xantusiiis a sexually dimorphic hummingbird endemic to the Baja California Peninsula (BCP). It comprises three ancestral mitochondrial lineages linked to vicariant events, late Pleistocene climate changes and the geographical distribution of oases. This study aimed to determine and understand the current population genetic structure of this hummingbird. The genotypes of 16 microsatellite loci from 100 individuals collected across the geographical range of this species were compared with mtDNA sequences previously published. Cluster analyses identified five populations, two with almost no genetic admixture in the northern part of the BCP and three others with varying levels of admixed ancestry across the BCP. In San José de Magdalena, at the northernmost end of the range of Xantus's Hummingbird, 40% of individuals collected belong to one genetic cluster and the remaining 60% to another, both genetic clusters showing very little admixed ancestry. We hypothesize that, despite being in sympatry, these individuals do not interbreed, unlike the other populations where individuals showed ancestry coefficients of the other genetic groups. The philopatric behaviour of males and the long‐range dispersal capacity of females probably determine the observed genetic differentiation pattern. The mito‐nuclear discordance detected could be due to the molecular markers used and to female‐biased dispersal. Gene flow is asymmetric in this species, being greater from north to south than vice versa, which is probably related to differences in the seasonality of precipitation across the BCP and to urbanization of the oases.
Creative Authenticity: A Framework for Supporting the Student Self in Design Education
Authors: Vernon Zachary , Paz Analee
Published: August 2022

This article introduces a pedagogical approach in design education referenced as creative authenticity. Creative authenticity is defined as an ongoing process of learning to create through intrinsically motivated, self‐aware and self‐affirming actions and rationales. The concept is grounded in Constructivist learning theory, Postmodernist views of pluralism and cultural position, Anthony Giddens’ theory of reflexive identities, and scholarship on intrinsic motivation in learning. This ideology seeks to personalise the learning experience for each student in ways that are meaningful to their person, not just useful to the design industry, at large. This conversation proposes four samples of methodology by which to infuse creative authenticity into curriculum as a starting point for shaking off implicit biases; focusing on student learning and growth; initiating meaningful and empowering discussions; and redefining success through collaborative and participatory educational design. This work promotes teaching with creative authenticity as a foundation to help students realise their strengths through their ever‐evolving identities. In a broader context, authenticity in education supports marginalised groups to see themselves, their histories and their experiences authentically reflected in their education and work.
Nursing representatives in clinical quality databases and the presence of nursing‐sensitive indicators of fundamental nursing care
Authors: Mainz Hanne , Odgaard Lene , Kristensen Pia Kjær
Published: August 2022

Aim

To identify and describe nursing‐sensitive indicators in Danish clinical quality databases and to examine the association between nurse representation on database steering committees and the presence of indicators related to aspects of fundamental care.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional study. The STROBE checklist was employed to ensure reporting quality.

Methods

We reviewed data from the latest annual report of 71 clinical quality databases in April 2021. Aspects of fundamental care were defined as the 12 nursing domains defined in the Danish Minimum Nursing Data framework. For each database, we recorded the number and type of indicators and identified indicators measuring fundamental care aspects. We used the prevalence ratio to estimate the likelihood of indicators related to aspects of fundamental care in databases with nurse representation on the steering committee.

Results

One‐third of the databases included indicators related to aspects of fundamental care. The most common aspects were Respiration and circulation, Nutrition and Psychosocial conditions, whereas Skin and mucous membranes, Elimination and Pain were rarely measured. Nurse representation on the steering committee of a quality database increased the likelihood of having indicators related to aspects of fundamental care three‐fold (prevalence ratio 3.25).

Conclusion

Fundamental care was rarely monitored in Danish clinical quality databases, but databases with nurse representation on the steering committee had a higher likelihood of monitoring fundamental care.

Impact

This study addressed the knowledge gap of how fundamental nursing care is measured in clinical quality databases. It introduces nurses to the measurement of fundamental care as a first step toward performing nursing intervention studies and investigating associations with patient outcomes. The increased likelihood of fundamental care monitoring in clinical databases with nurse representation on the steering committee indicates a feasible way for decision makers and nurse leaders to ensure a stronger focus on fundamental care to the patients' benefit.
Does the EU have friends?
Authors: Klose Stephan
Published: August 2022

This article seeks to explore the relevance of the concept of international friendship for the study of EU foreign policy. Drawing on a nascent friendship literature developing in the field of IR, this article argues that the EU's friendships – relations with significant others based on shared narratives and projects – play an important part in the EU's construction of its international identity. To illustrate this argument, the article provides an analysis of the EU's relations with Japan. The analysis suggests that EU‐Japan relations can usefully be described as an emergent international friendship which – revolving around the narrative of a Free and Open Indo‐Pacific and shared projects such as the EU‐Japan Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure – shapes and solidifies the EU's self‐image as an actor in international affairs.
Targeting SAMHD1 with hydroxyurea in first‐line cytarabine‐based therapy of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia: Results from the HEAT‐AML trial
Authors: Jädersten Martin , Lilienthal Ingrid , Tsesmetzis Nikolaos , Lourda Magda , Bengtzén Sofia , Bohlin Anna , Arnroth Cornelia , Erkers Tom , Seashore‐Ludlow Brinton , Giraud Géraldine , Barkhordar Giti S. , Tao Sijia , Fogelstrand Linda , Saft Leonie , Östling Päivi , Schinazi Raymond F. , Kim Baek , Schaller Torsten , Juliusson Gunnar , Deneberg Stefan , Lehmann Sören , Rassidakis Georgios Z. , Höglund Martin , Henter Jan‐Inge , Herold Nikolas
Published: August 2022

Background

Treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is based on combination chemotherapy with cytarabine (ara‐C) and anthracyclines. Five‐year overall survival is below 30%, which has partly been attributed to cytarabine resistance. Preclinical data suggest that the addition of hydroxyurea potentiates cytarabine efficacy by increasing ara‐C triphosphate (ara‐CTP) levels through targeted inhibition of SAMHD1.

Objectives

In this phase 1 trial, we evaluated the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the addition of hydroxyurea to standard chemotherapy with cytarabine/daunorubicin in newly diagnosed AML patients.

Methods

Nine patients were enrolled and received at least two courses of ara‐C (1 g/m2/2 h b.i.d. d1‐5, i.e., a total of 10 g/m2 per course), hydroxyurea (1–2 g d1‐5) and daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 d1‐3). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints were complete remission rate and measurable residual disease (MRD). Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies of ara‐CTP and ex vivo drug sensitivity assays were performed.

Results

The most common grade 3‐4 toxicity was febrile neutropenia (100%). No unexpected toxicities were observed. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a significant increase in median ara‐CTP levels (1.5‐fold; p = 0.04) in patients receiving doses of 1 g hydroxyurea. Ex vivo, diagnostic leukaemic bone marrow blasts from study patients were significantly sensitised to ara‐C by a median factor of 2.1 (p = 0.0047). All nine patients (100%) achieved complete remission, and all eight (100%) with validated MRD measurements (flow cytometry or real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [RT‐qPCR]) had an MRD level <0.1% after two cycles of chemotherapy. Treatment was well‐tolerated, and median time to neutrophil recovery >1.0 × 109/L and to platelet recovery >50 × 109/L after the start of cycle 1 was 19 days and 22 days, respectively. Six of nine patients underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). With a median follow‐up of 18.0 (range 14.9–20.5) months, one patient with adverse risk not fit for HSCT experienced a relapse after 11.9 months but is now in second complete remission.

Conclusion

Targeted inhibition of SAMHD1 by the addition of hydroxyurea to conventional AML therapy is safe and appears efficacious within the limitations of the small phase 1 patient cohort. These results need to be corroborated in a larger study.
Faecal dry matter excretion per se affects faecal calcium and phosphorus losses in dogs
Authors: Hofmann Celina , Kienzle Ellen , Dobenecker Britta
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to investigate the effect of faecal dry matter (DM) excretion on faecal losses of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) without potentially confounding factors. Dogs were fed two levels of the same basal diet (cooked pork, rice, gelatine; 8.5 ± 0.7 and 12.6 ± 1.2 g DM/kg BW). Mineral supplements were added separately for identical Ca and P supply independent of DM intake (Ca 226 and P ~170 mg/kg BW). Digestion trials (10 days adaptation, 5 days quantitative faecal collection) were carried out. Digestibility of DM averaged 87% in both trials. Faecal DM and mineral excretion increased highly significant (DM 1.1 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 g/kg BW, p = 0.00005; Ca 185 ± 34 and 233 ± 22 mg/kg BW, p = 0.00119; P 99 ± 23 to 127 ± 12 mg/kg BW, p = 0.00212), revealing a highly significant correlation. Apparent digestibility of Ca was positive in the first trial and negative in the second leading to a slightly negative Ca retention in the latter one. The results suggest that in dogs (i) factors influencing Ca and P absorption can only be compared if faecal DM excretion is identical and (ii) Ca requirements may be affected by DM intake and digestibility.
Efficacy of ablation index‐guided pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jiang Ruhong , Chen Minglong , Fan Jie , Yi Fu , Tang Anli , Liu Xingpeng , Zhu Wenqing , Liu Shaowen , Huang Xiaobo , Liu Qiang , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Xi , Li Jie , He Jiangui , Shi Liang , Zhou Genqing , Wang Yuegang , Fu Guosheng , Jiang Chenyang
Published: August 2022

Background

Ablation index (AI) is a novel technology of ablation lesion quality to help improve homogeneity of lesion size and continuity. In this study, we aim to evaluate whether AI‐guided PVI improves clinical outcomes compared to CF‐guided PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).

Methods

Patients undergoing first‐time radiofrequency ablation for PAF were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to two groups: AI‐guided PVI and CF‐guided PVI. In the AI group, AI ≥500 was recommended at the anterior/superior/inferior walls, 350–400 at the posterior wall, and inter‐lesion distance ≤4 mm. The primary endpoint is the freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence during 12 months follow‐up, without antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT). The key secondary endpoints include intra‐procedural efficiency and peri‐procedural complications.

Results

Two hundred twenty five patients were randomized (AI group [n = 149] and CF group [n = 76]). First‐pass isolation rate in AI group was significantly higher than that in CF group (58.3% vs. 43.4%, p = .035). After a median follow‐up of 12.2 months, 154/225 (68.4%) of patients were free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence without ADT, which was higher in AI group compared with CF group, but without significant difference (71.1% vs. 63.2%, p = .253). The incidence of peri‐procedural complications is low and without difference between two groups.

Conclusions

AI‐guided ablation provided higher acute efficacy than CF‐guided ablation in PV isolation for patients with paroxysmal AF. The long‐term success rate in AI group was higher than CF group, but did not reach statistical significance.