bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced approach for Moroccan administrative documents digitization using pre-trained models CNN-based: character recognition
Authors: Benaissa Ali , Bahri Abdelkhalak , El Allaoui Ahmad , Salahddine My Abdelouahab
Published: April 2024

In the digital age, efficient digitization of administrative documents is a real challenge, particularly for languages with complex scripts such as those used in Moroccan documents. The subject matter of this article is the digitization of Moroccan administrative documents using pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for advanced character recognition. This research aims to address the unique challenges of accurately digitizing various Moroccan scripts and layouts, which are crucial in the digital transformation of administrative processes. Our goal was to develop an efficient and highly accurate character recognition system specifically tailored for Moroccan administrative texts. The tasks involved comprehensive analysis and customization of pre-trained CNN models and rigorous performance testing against a diverse dataset of Moroccan administrative documents. The methodology entailed a detailed evaluation of different CNN architectures trained on a dataset representative of various types of characters used in Moroccan administrative documents. This ensured the adaptability of the models to real-world scenarios, with a focus on accuracy and efficiency in character recognition. The results were remarkable. DenseNet121 achieved a 95.78% accuracy rate on the Alphabet dataset, whereas VGG16 recorded a 99.24% accuracy on the Digits dataset. DenseNet169 demonstrated 94.00% accuracy on the Arabic dataset, 99.9% accuracy on the Tifinagh dataset, and 96.24% accuracy on the French Special Characters dataset. Furthermore, DenseNet169 attained 99.14% accuracy on the Symbols dataset. In addition, ResNet50 achieved 99.90% accuracy on the Character Type dataset, enabling accurate determination of the dataset to which a character belongs. In conclusion, this study signifies a substantial advancement in the field of Moroccan administrative document digitization. The CNN-based approach showcased in this study significantly outperforms traditional character recognition methods. These findings not only contribute to the digital processing and management of documents but also open new avenues for future research in adapting this technology to other languages and document types.
Classification of stunted and normal children using novel facial image database and convolutional neural network
Authors: Yunidar Yunidar , Roslidar Roslidar , Oktiana Maulisa , Yusni Yusni , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Arnia Fitri
Published: April 2024

Malnutrition is a crucial problem that affects children’s development. Data released by UNICEF in 2022 shows that more than 7 million children under the age of 5 are still experiencing acute malnutrition in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia. Meanwhile, in 2020, Indonesia ranked fifth and fourth highest in the world for wasting and stunting rates. The traditional approach to detect children’s nutritional status is by measuring the ratio between body weight and height at a certain age. The approach can be improved by simultaneously using facial biometrics, which can be accomplished automatically by employing facial recognition/classification based on computer vision and artificial intelligence methods. The goal of this research was to employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) as a method in the artificial intelligence field to classify children with malnutrition based on their face images. The method: a computer simulation of two CNN architectures applied to children’s facial image database. The simulation results were then evaluated to obtain the performance of the CNNs. The first task accomplished was to build a database of facial images of Indonesian children aged 2–5 years. The database comprises 4000 frontal facial images built from capturing images from 100 children, 50 normal/healthy, and 50 stunted children. In the database, some images were augmented using zoom-in, rotation, and shifting procedures. Using the database, we performed the second task by training two CNN architectures, AlexNet and ResNet34, to classify the images into normal children and children with malnutrition problems. We trained both architectures with 80% of the images and then validated and tested them with 10% of the images. Both architectures were learned with epochs: 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100, with a learning rate of 10-3. The models’ performances were shown in training, validation, and testing loss graphs and measured in accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score. In conclusion, both architectures have shown promising results in classifying the images. Both architectures learned with epoch 60 rate 10-3 yielded the best models, with an accuracy of 0.9975 for AlexNet and 1 for ResNet34.
A type system for formal verification of cyber-physical systems C/C++ software
Authors: Manzhos Yuriy , Sokolova Yevheniia
Published: April 2024

The subject: This study focuses on improving the quality of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) software by eliminating incorrect usage of units of measurement and orientation in C/C++ programs. Incorrect usage often leads to critical errors that conventional systems cannot effectively prevent. Manual examination of code using dimensional and orientation analysis can detect these errors in physical equations, but these methods become impractical when dealing with complex physical computations. Objectives: As suggested by Siano, the proposed approach uses physical quantities and prefixes defined by the International System of Units and orientation operations on physical objects. The elaborated system incorporates dimensional and orientation analysis and metaprogramming techniques. The methods used are dimensional & orientational analysis and metaprogramming. The following results were obtained: ensuring consistency of the units, incorporating orientation operations into the programming model for accurately handling physical object rotations and alignments, and using Siano’s work to precisely manipulate object orientation, thereby reducing the likelihood of orientation-related errors. Checking physical dimensions and orientations during the compilation stage identifies potential software defects before code execution, thereby reducing debugging time and lowering the cost of addressing issues later in development. The elaborated system represents a crucial step towards safer and more dependable Cyber-Physical System applications. This approach allows us to identify approximately 90% of incorrect usage of program variables; additionally, it detects over 50% of erroneous operations during compilation and execution of large-scale programs in real-world conditions. Conclusions. Scientific novelty: it proposed and developed a specialized C++-type library for formal compile-time software verification of Cyber-Physical Systems software. The proposed C++-type library leverages dimensional and orientational analysis to enhance software quality, reliability, and real-time formal verification. Although the proposed method for formal verification is not tailor-made for cyber-physical objects and systems, given its primary focus on software-level concerns, it does exhibit adaptability for verifying general-purpose software that incorporates various physical parameters. This versatility extends to diverse domains such as educational, gaming, and simulation software.
A novel anomaly detection model for the industrial Internet of Things using machine learning techniques
Authors: Idouglid Lahcen , Tkatek Said , Elfayq Khalid , Guezzaz Azidine
Published: April 2024

In recent decades, the pervasive integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized various sectors, including industry 4.0, telecommunications, cloud computing, and healthcare systems. Industry 4.0 applications, characterized by real-time data exchange, increased reliance on automation, and limited computational resources at the edge, have reshaped global business dynamics, aiming to innovate business models through enhanced automation technologies. However, ensuring security in these environments remains a critical challenge, with real-time data streams introducing vulnerabilities to zero-day attacks and limited resources at the edge demanding efficient intrusion detection solutions. This study addresses this pressing need by proposing a novel intrusion detection model (IDS) specifically designed for Industry 4.0 environments.  The proposed IDS leverages a Random Forest classifier with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for feature selection. This approach addresses the challenges of real-time data processing and resource limitations while offering high accuracy. Based on the Bot-IoT dataset, the model achieves a competitive accuracy of 98.9% and a detection rate of 97.8%, outperforming conventional methods. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed IDS for securing Industry 4.0 ecosystems, offering valuable contributions to the field of cybersecurity.
Description styles of fault-tolerant finite state machines for unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Salauyou Valery
Published: April 2024

The subject matter of this article is finite state machines (FSMs), which are used as control devices in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The goal of this study is to develop description styles for fault-tolerant FSMs in hardware description languages (HDLs) that prevent failures in the state register and in the input vector of the FSM. The tasks to be solved are as follows: development of description methods for FSM transitions from illegal states in case of failure in the state register, as well as for FSM transitions from each state in case of failure in the input vector; determination of FSM output vector values in case of the above failures; development of description styles for fault-tolerant FSMs; and investigation of the efficiency of the proposed description styles for fault-tolerant FSMs. The methods used are: the theory of finite state machines, state encoding methods of FSMs, description styles of FSMs, and Verilog hardware description language. The following results were obtained: two styles of describing fault-tolerant FSMs have been developed, safe0 and safe1, which do not increase the area and do not decrease the performance of FSMs, and in some cases allow the area to be reduced (for some examples by a factor of 4.8) and increase the performance (for some examples by a factor of 2.355). In addition, the description styles of fault-tolerant FSMs neutralize design errors when transitions are described in each state but not for all possible values of input variables. Conclusions. In this paper, the problem of designing fault-tolerant FSMs when the values of bits in the state register or in the input vector of the FSM change because of the negative external impact is described. Different ways of solving the problem at the level of FSM description in HDL are considered. Two description styles for fault-tolerant FSMs are proposed: safe0 and safe1. The fault tolerance of FSMs is provided in the following manner. When the input vector is not defined in the FSM specification for a specific state, the FSM will remain in the initial transition state, i.e. the FSM will not transit to another state. If the code of the illegal state is set in the state register, the FSM will transition to the start state. For all these faults, the safe0 style provides a zero output vector at the FSM output, whereas the safe1 style preserves the value of the previous output vector. A promising direction for future research seems to be the development of new styles and methods of FSM description, aimed at improving the FSM parameters (an area, a performance and a power consumption), as well as improving the reliability and fault tolerance of FSMs.
Background levels of heavy metals in the water of Khadzhibey estuary
Authors: Holubenko O. O. , Tarasenko L. O.
Published: April 2024

In the Odesa region, heavy metal contamination of fishery water bodies is a pressing problem. The accumulation of heavy metals in fish depends on the physiological and biochemical activity of the organism and the physical and chemical parameters of the water body. Most heavy metals enter the fish's body through the gills, skin, and digestive organs. Copper, zinc, and plumbum accumulate in the skin, gills, and liver, while cadmium and mercury accumulate in the kidneys. The level of heavy metal pollution in the water of the Khadzhibey estuary was measured and determined in 2022–2023. The following methods were used to determine the content of heavy metals in water: atomic emission spectroscopy using an EMAS-200 CCD instrument to determine cadmium, copper, zinc, and plumbum; cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy using the “Julia-2M” method to determine the content of mercury. Toxicological studies of water were carried out in the water hygiene and ecology laboratory of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Transport Medicine and at the Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Sanitation, and Expertise of Odesa State Agrarian University. The study found that the content of heavy metals in the water of the Khadzhibey estuary is not constant and fluctuates depending on the season. The maximum levels of heavy metals are observed in summer (plumbum and cadmium) and autumn (zinc, copper and mercury). It was found that cadmium, plumbum, copper, and mercury content does not exceed the maximum permissible levels for marine fisheries. The zinc content in the water of the Khadzhibey estuary exceeds the maximum permitted concentration by 2.65%. The zinc content in the studied water samples is a stress factor affecting the meat quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus).
Prevention of ketosis in cows: the role and effectiveness of Кеххtone
Authors: Huralska S. V. , Olishevskyi V. M.
Published: April 2024

Ketosis is a common metabolic disease in dairy cattle that is often diagnosed in the late stages of pregnancy or early stages of lactation, especially in high-yield cows. To counteract this disease, we used the drug Kexxtone, which protects for 95 days, starting from 3–4 weeks before the planned calving. The study showed that the administration of this drug led to a significant decrease in the level of ketone bodies in the blood of cows on the third and ninth day after calving. Notably, on the third day after calving, the content of ketone bodies in the blood of animals treated with the drug during the second lactation was significantly lower than in the control group of cows by 1.38 times (Р < 0.05), on the ninth day of research, this indicator in cows of this group significantly decreased by 2.48 times and amounted to 0.81 ± 0.05 mmol/L (Р < 0.01), and in the control group – 2.01 ± 0.31 mmol/L. It was also found that the insemination index was almost the same in cows during the second lactation. Still, a significant decrease in this indicator was noted in the third and fourth lactation of cows when using the drug Kexxtone. Thus, during the third lactation in experimental cows, this index was 1.6 ± 0.18 (Р < 0.01), and in the control group – 2.13 ± 0.35. In cows of the experimental groups, a higher average daily milk yield was observed compared to animals that were not given the drug. In some cows during the fourth lactation, which was not treated with Kexxtone, high levels of ketone bodies were detected in the blood, which may indicate the need for health monitoring and additional measures to prevent ketosis. In addition, a high average daily milk yield was found in cows from the experimental groups, possibly due to the drug Kexxtone's positive effect on the animal body's physiological processes and increased productivity of dairy cattle. These results indicate the potential benefits of using Kexxtone to ensure the health and productivity of cows at different stages of their life. These results allow us to recommend the use of the drug to prevent the occurrence of ketosis and increase cow yield. Additional research may be helpful for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the drug's action and its effect on the body and productivity of cows.
Exploring the effectiveness and safety profile of TAU protein antibodies as potential therapies for alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Muhammad Essa , Ahmed Noor , Kakar Amanullah , Akber Wazir , Barech Saleem , Farooq Anjum , Mumtaz Tamour
Published: April 2024

Background With few effective treatments, Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a substantial worldwide health burden. Potential disease-modifying treatments have gained attention due to recent developments in immunotherapy that target TAU protein. The purpose of this thorough analysis is to investigate the safety and efficacy of TAU protein antibodies in the treatment of AD.
Methodology This review investigates the safety and efficacy of TAU protein antibodies as possible treatments for AD. Using a variety of databases, a thorough literature search was carried out with an emphasis on clinical trials and academic publications regarding TAU protein antibodies in AD. Predetermined criteria were used to select eligible studies, and pertinent data were then retrieved and compiled. PRISMA guidelines for transparency were followed in the reporting.
Conclusion TAU protein antibodies have shown some potential in trials for treating Alzheimer's disease, including a little improvement in cognitive deterioration. Safety considerations highlight the need for cautious interpretation, especially with regard to imaging abnormalities due to amyloid. Optimizing efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness requires further studies.
THE CONCEPTUAL NEXUS BETWEEN ISLAMIC FORESIGHT, ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND THE SHARIAH
Authors: Mohamad Ali Norfadhilah , Alias Fadhlina , Abd Rahman Shah Hendun , Awang Muhammad Nizam , Abu-Mounes Rana
Published: April 2024

The current global Muslim community is facing new challenges amidst the remnants of historical colonisation, sectarianism, and current geopolitical, economic and social realities. Despite these challenges, Muslim communities in general have been consistent in preserving the religious precepts derived from the primary sources of Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah, which form the foundation of the Islamic identity. Although widely underemphasised, futures thinking is deeply ingrained in the precepts of Islamic thought since the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), which unbeknownst to many, has indubitably shaped the transformation not only in Muslim communities, but has also influenced global shifts in civilisation from multifarious aspects, for example, science and technology, arts, governance and social justice. This paper seeks to illustrate the significance of Islamic futures thinking as a foundation for progress in Muslim communities, by applying the qualitative methods of content analysis and engagements in focus group discussions. To this end, the study analyses data obtained from the exploration of Islamic texts, traditions and literatures on the Islamic perspectives of futures thinking. This paper advances the proposition that futures thinking has a profound basis in Islam due to the universal nature of the Islamic concepts of knowledge, the methods of addressing gradual and imminent change, its constant inspirations towards excellence and a justly balanced society, as well as Islamic ethics in foresight. Findings of this study highlight the importance of futures thinking as a capacity that must be developed in the Muslim world as part of the process towards long term social transformation.
Информационно-библиографическое сопровождение запросов пользователей как способ продвижения услуг библиотеки: на примере отдела МБА и ЭДД ГПНТБ России
Authors:   Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology
Published: April 2024

Разнообразие информационно-библиографических ресурсов, которыми располагает библиотека, открывает широкие возможности для библиографического обслуживания читателей. В статье проанализирована динамика запросов пользователей услуг отдела МБА и ЭДД ГПНТБ России за 2017–2022 гг., выполненных с помощью библиографического поиска в глобальной сети Интернет, научной электронной библиотеке eLIBRARY.RU, каталогах отечественных и зарубежных библиотек; также изучены факторы и события, оказавшие влияние на её изменение. В качестве благоприятного фактора рассмотрена востребованность библиографического сопровождения запросов пользователей, эффективное выполнение которых способствует повышению качества и увеличению количества предоставляемых библиотекой услуг. Раскрыты преимущества инструментов, развитие которых нацелено на углубление межбиблиотечных связей на национальном уровне в современных условиях, а также проанализированы возможности электронной среды в процессе обслуживания пользователей. Дана оценка развитию межбиблиотечного сотрудничества и поисковым средствам российских информационно-библиотечных структур. Представлены характеристики и особенности инструментов библиографического поиска: электронных каталогов библиотек, сводного каталога периодики библиотек России, Национальной электронной библиотеки, Системы корпоративной каталогизации ЛИБНЕТ, Информационной системы ЭКБСОН.
Problems in Teaching English to Young Learners and Their Solutions
Authors: Mukti Muhammad  , Sugirin
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted in an English lesson for kids in Garut, West Java, Indonesia. The goal of this study was to understand the teacher's viewpoint on the problem in teaching English for young students. For this study, qualitative researchers are used to conduct in-depth analyses of the data. By direct observation and interviews, teachers gather data. Teaching English in young students is a challenging task for teachers. There are issues with class management, the use the monotonous media, various student characteristics, and language proficiency. This research is supported by methods and solutions to challenges.
Navigating Digital Transformation Challenges: An In-depth Analysis of IT Governance in the Media Industry Using COBIT 2019
Authors: Sutanto Jonathan , Fianty Melissa Indah
Published: April 2024

This research was conducted with the main objective of evaluating and improving Information Technology (IT) Governance in an Indonesian media company facing significant challenges due to digital transformation. In the methodological approach, the study utilized the COBIT 2019 framework, involving planning, field implementation, reporting, and follow-up processes. The results of the capability level evaluation revealed a gap between actual achievements and desired targets, especially in the aspects of Managed Innovation (APO04) and Managed IT Changes (BAI06). The implications of these findings emphasize the need for improvements in activities related to managed innovation and IT change. The conclusion of this research underscores the urgency of effective IT governance in navigating the dynamics of digital transformation. It is hoped that these findings will serve as a guide for media companies and other organizations to formulate robust IT policies, enhance sustainable operations, and drive innovation in this digital era.
Development of Weebly-Based Website Learning Media Containing Ethnochemical Acid-Base Material
Authors: Irnawati Irnawati , Rahmawan Setia
Published: April 2024

Technological disruption causes relatively rapid and even uncontrollable social change, while the pace of education moves at a super slow speed. Weebly is an alternative media technology that can be used as a learning medium. This research aims to produce Weebly-based learning media that contains ethnochemistry that is valid and suitable for use in the learning process and as a student learning resource. Weebly-based learning media is an innovation that teachers can use to facilitate the learning process through presenting culture related to chemistry on the website. This research uses an R&D approach with the ADDIE model. The instruments used in this research were validation sheets and product assessment sheets. The product was validated by one material expert and one media expert and assessed by three chemistry teachers and thirty high school students. The expert validation results show that the learning media is very valid in terms of material and media. The results of the learning media assessment by three chemistry teachers obtained an average score of 110.3 with a percentage of 91.9% in the very good category. Student responses to the learning website were also positive with an ideal percentage of 96.7% in the very good category. The results of expert validation, teacher assessments, and student responses show that the website is valid to use as a chemistry learning medium and as a learning resource.
Validity Test of Android-Based Learning Media Assisted by Ispring Suite on Pythagorean Theorem Material
Authors: Suci Triayuningsih Permata , Sunismi Sunismi
Published: April 2024

The development of technology today has a great influence on human life. This influence also includes the use of technology in education, such as the utilization of learning media connected to information technology. This research was conducted to validate the use of learning media in the form of Android applications with the help of iSpring Suite in learning Pythagorean Theorem material. The research method used is RnD by applying the ADDIE model. The research subjects consisted of 3 experts, one practitioner, and 5 grade VIII students. Data collection involved qualitative and quantitative data. The results of the analysis showed that the experts gave an average assessment of 92.09% with the category "Very Valid." Trials conducted on practitioners and small groups also showed a "Very Valid" assessment with an average of 90%. Overall, it can be concluded that the use of Android-based learning media with iSpring Suite is appropriate and effective in achieving learning objectives. With this learning media that has been proven valid and effective, it can be an interesting alternative to improve the quality of mathematics learning in the classroom. Integrating technology in learning can also provide a more interactive and interesting learning experience for students. Thus, the results of this study make a positive contribution to answering the challenges of education in the digital era, enriching learning methods, and increasing the attractiveness of learning materials.
Do Learners Acquire the Functions of the English Passive Along with Its Form? Case Study of Armenian Learners
Authors: Nemishalyan Emma
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the impact of learners’ mother tongue (L1) on second language (L2) acquisition, with a focus on Armenian learners of English. By analyzing the use of the passive voice in both native English speakers’ and Armenian learners’ corpora, the study aims to address a research gap concerning the influence of L1 on the acquisition of form but not function in the Armenian context. The study hypothesizes that the pragmatic aspect of the passive voice in Armenian would influence its usage in English. Utilizing Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed to analyze the Armenian learners’ corpus (compiled in line with International Corpus of Learner English (ICLE)) and a sub-corpus of the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOUVAIN). The analysis revealed that Armenian learners effectively utilized the passive voice without errors, and their pragmatic usage closely resembled that of native speakers. This finding contradicts the hypothesis that learners struggle with acquiring the functions of grammar issues.
Qua arte argentum ab auro separatur? Odlučovanie striebra od zlata v dizertácii Štefana Čibu De montibus Hungariae (Trnava, 1714)
Authors:   University of Trnava, Kordoš Jozef
Published: April 2024

V roku 1714 vydala trnavská univerzitná tlačiareň pri príležitosti slávnostnej promócie magistrov filozofie a slobodných umení dielo s názvom Dissertatio historico-physica de montibus Hungariae, čiže Historicko-prírodovedná rozprava o horách Uhorska. Spis tvorí šestnásť kapitol, v prvých šiestich sa autor zaoberá postupne „horami“, v ktorých sa ťaží zlato, striebro, meď, železo, ortuť a olovo, potom venuje ďalších šesť kapitol rôznym minerálom, horninám, drahým či určitým spôsobom špecifickým kameňom uhorských hôr, ako napr. lapis lazuli, masikot, magnet, soľ či mramor. V trinástej kapitole sa jeho pozornosť obracia k jaskyniam uhorských hôr, v štrnástej uvádza hory a vrchy, v ktorých sa rodí vinič, v pätnástej prináša výklad o ojedinelých druhoch živočíchov, ktoré žijú v horách Uhorska, a rozpravu uzatvára šestnástou kapitolou o najvyšších karpatských (teda tatranských) štítoch. V príspevku sa zameriame na pomerne špecializovaný výklad o odlučovaní striebra od zlata, ktorý sa nachádza v kapitole "o striebronosných horách", resp. o strieborných baniach.
Paratextové poetické príspevky J. G. Macera Szepsia v dielach krakovských humanistov 16. storočia
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šimon František , Balegová Jana ,   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
Published: April 2024

Príspevok je venovaný komendačným básňam J. G. Macera Szepsia v dielach dvoch významných krakovských humanistov zo 16. storočia, Jakuba Górskeho a Stanisława Orzechowského. Jakub Górski napísal rétorickú príručku De figuris tum grammaticis, tum rhetoricis (Krakov, 1560), Macer do nej prispel oslavnou básňou na autorov erb a básňou oslavujúcou autora, ktorý učí mládež "čistej" latinčine a ako ju zdobiť rétorickými figúrami. Stanislav Orzechowski je autorom polemického protireformačného diela Chimaera sive de Stancari funesta regno Poloniae secta (Krakov, 1562), v ktorom oponuje Francescovi Stancarovi, talianskemu stúpencovi reformácie. V komendačnej básni v tomto diele Macer prirovnáva autora k Bellerofontovi, ktorý zabil mytologickú príšeru Chiméru a Orzechowski podobne zachraňuje svet pred netvorom, ktorého predstavuje Stancaro.
Vera eruditio v podaní Franza Wagnera (ako kľúč k porozumeniu diela Martina Sentivániho)
Authors:   Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zavarský Svorad
Published: April 2024

Príspevok je prvým pokusom predstaviť slovenskej odbornej verejnosti dielo Franza Wagnera SJ Dissertatio philologica de vera eruditione (1701). Ide o významnú literárnu pamiatku napísanú formou dialógu, ktorá dokumentuje dobové myslenie o školstve a vzdelávaní nielen na Slovensku, ale aj v širšom stredoeurópskom kontexte. Franz Wagner v texte identifikuje dobové nedostatky v jednotlivých odvetviach poznania (a vzdelávania) a navrhuje kroky, ktoré by mohli nepriaznivý stav zlepšiť. Podľa neho je potrebné prinavrátiť vážnosť humanitným predmetom a knižnice otvoriť verejnosti. Zamýšľa sa nad etickými dôsledkami uprednostňovania prírodných vied a technológie na úkor humanitných vied. Najdôležitejším nástrojom pravej vzdelanosti je podľa Wagnera encyklopédia, ktorú definuje ako kruh vedných disciplín, v strede ktorého sa nachádza jedna konkrétna veda. Skutočný vzdelanec má dokonale ovládať svoj odbor, pričom disponuje aj základnými poznatkami (princípmi a axiómami) všetkých ostatných vied. Wagnerova encyklopédia je teda personalizovaná a individualizovaná a líši sa v závislosti od záujmu toho-ktorého vzdelanca. V článku sa robí paralela medzi myslením Franza Wagnera a Martina Sentivániho a na Wagnerov text De vera eruditione sa nahliada ako na kľúč k lepšiemu porozumeniu Sentivániho diela Curiosiora et selectiora variarum scientiarum miscellanea.
The Latin Version of the Eleventh Revision of the International Classification of Diseases: The Process of Translation and its Pedagogical Implications
Authors:   Comenius University Bratislava, Hamar Tomáš , Bryl Alyssa ,   University of Wisconsin–Madison, Lauková Lucia ,   Comenius University Bratislava, Vasiľová Melinda ,   Comenius University Bratislava
Published: April 2024

The International Classification of Diseases, ICD-11, is now officially in effect for national and international recording and reporting of causes of illness, death, and other information. The ICD provides a common language that allows healthcare professionals to share standardised information worldwide. The staff of the Institute of Medical Terminology and Foreign Languages of the Faculty of Medicine at Comenius University in Bratislava, in collaboration with the National Centre for Health Information (NCHI), created a Slovak version with a total of over 54,000 diagnostic and supplementary codes. On their own initiative, they also created Latin names for all the mentioned diagnoses, which will be published on the World Health Organization (WHO) website. The translation was developed over eighteen months, and a team of nine Latinists with experience in professional translation and teaching of Latin medical terminology contributed to the project. The article introduces the methodology of Latin translation, the management of the translation activity, the significance of the newly created Latin, and the prospects for maintaining a database of Latin diagnostic names. The Latin translation process had a twofold pedagogical impact: it provided an enriching practical experience for Latinists, merging their traditional language expertise with modern medical applications. It also serves as an extensive case study for future curricula of Latin medical terminology courses.
Influencer Sözleşmesi
Authors: Zorluoğlu Yılmaz Ayça , Yıldırım Dindar Aylin
Published: April 2024

Sosyal medyanın büyük kitlelere hitap etmesi, reklam ve diğer pazarlama faaliyetlerinin bu platforma yöneltilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu sayede yabancı literatürde “Influencer Marketing” olarak adlandırılan, sosyal medyada etki gücüne sahip “Influencer” olarak adlandırılan kişiler aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilen yeni bir pazarlama türü ortaya çıkmıştır. Böylece influencer ile müşteri arasında kurulan influencer sözleşmeleri olarak adlandırdığımız bir sözleşme türü oluşmuştur. Bu sözleşmede influencer, belirli bir mal veya hizmetin ya da markanın tanıtımını veya pazarlamasını yapmayı üstlenmekte, bunun yanı sıra sosyal medya hesapları aracılığıyla takipçilerini yönlendirmekte ve etki gücünü kullanmaktadır. Bunun karşılığında ise, müşteri belirli bir bedel ödemeyi veya başka bir menfaat sağlamayı üstlenmektedir. Sözleşmenin asli unsurları influencer tarafından reklam ve tanıtım faaliyeti yapılması, bu faaliyetin sosyal medya kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmesi ve bu faaliyet esnasında influencerın marka değerinden faydalanılması, karşılığında (kural olarak) müşteri tarafından ücret ödenmesi yahut bir menfaat sağlanması şeklindedir. Influencer sözleşmeleri kural olarak kendine özgü yapısı olan (sui generis) iş görme sözleşmeleridir.
Devreden Katma Değer Vergisi
Authors: Demir Belin Esra
Published: April 2024

Devreden katma değer vergisi, Türk katma değer vergisi uygulamasının problemli alanlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. İndirilecek KDV’nin, mükellefin vergiye tabi işlemleri dolayısıyla hesaplanan KDV toplamından fazla olması halinde aradaki farkın iade edilmeyerek indirim konusu edilmek üzere sonraki dönemlere bırakılması devreden KDV sorununu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Gelecek yıllarda indirim konusu yapılabilen bu farkın indirim mekanizması ile telafisi uzun süreler alabilmekte ya da bazı durumlarda telafi sağlanamamaktadır.
Devreden KDV sorunu yakın tarihte politika yapıcılar tarafından da ele alınmış, bu sorunun çözümü için birtakım yasa değişikliği çabalarına girişilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmalar sonucunda, devreden KDV sorununa ilişkin köklü çözüm önerileri içeren Katma Değer Vergisi Kanunu ile Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun Tasarısı, 27.02.2018 tarihinde TBMM Başkanlığı’na getirilmiştir. Ancak Genel Meclisteki görüşmeler esnasında devreden KDV’ye ilişkin hükümler Tasarıdan çıkarılmış ve devam eden süreçte de bu sorun ile ilgili yeni çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmemiştir.
Bu çalışmada katma değer vergisinde indirim ve iade mekanizmaları kısaca açıklanacak ve bu mekanizmaların gideremediği farkın yaratmış olduğu devreden KDV sorunu ele alınacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı küresel olarak finansal darboğazlardan geçilen bu dönemde devreden KDV’nin iadesi ile sağlanacak hukuki ve ekonomik yararı ortaya koymaktır.
Ceza Muhakemesinde Gizli Soruşturmacının Tanıklığı Meselesi
Authors: Korkmaz Fulya
Published: April 2024

Klasik koruma tedbirlerinin dünyada giderek yaygınlaşan örgütlü suçların araştırılmasında yetersiz kalması, devletlerin bu suçlarla mücadelede başkaca yöntemleri benimsemelerini gerekli hâle getirmiştir. Bunlardan biri olan gizli soruşturmacı görevlendirilmesi, bugün için ülkemizde de uygulanan bir koruma tedbiridir. Ne var ki bu tedbirin düzenlendiği Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nun (CMK) 139. maddesi ilk günlerden itibaren çokça eleştirilmiş, birkaç kez değişikliğe uğramış ve çeşitli zamanlarda bu maddeye bazı eklemeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu değişikliklerin veya eklemelerin söz konusu tedbire ilişkin sorunlara bir çözüm getirdiğini ifade etmek oldukça güçtür. Hatta aksine, 2018 yılında 139. maddenin 3. fıkrasına eklenen bir cümleyle gizli soruşturmacının gizli tanık olarak dinlenmesinin öngörülmesi, bu sorunlara yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Gerçekten de savcı adına soruşturmayı gizli olarak yürüten, suç işlemek dışında adeta bir örgüt üyesi gibi hareket etmesi beklenen, örgüt içerisine sızan bir kişinin tanıklığı adil yargılanma hakkı bakımından nasıl değerlendirilmelidir? Gizli soruşturmacının klasik yöntemlerle yürütülen bir soruşturmada savcının emri altında görevini yerine getiren adli kolluktan bir farkı var mıdır? Gizli soruşturmacının delillerini topladığı bir olayda bir de tanıklık etmesi tanıklığa ilişkin hükümler ve muhakemenin temel ilkeleri bakımından nasıl yorumlanmalıdır? Bu makalenin amacı bu sorulara bir cevap bulmaya çalışarak gizli soruşturmacının tanıklığı meselesini ele almaktır.
Icts And Labour Productivity Nexus In Developing Countries: Evidence From Panel Estimation Approach
Authors: Sze-Wei Yong  , Siong-Hook Law  , Saifuzzaman Ibrahim  , Wan Norhidayah W Mohamad
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on labour productivity in developing countries from 2000 to 2019, using the two-step System GMM estimation and dynamic panel quantile regression. The empirical results present new evidence on the moderating effect of ICTs with human capital, financial development and trade openness on labour productivity in developing countries. The interaction terms between ICTs and these three moderators show positive and statistically significant determinants of labour productivity. These three interaction terms have a greater influence on labour productivity than the impact of each variable assessed individually. The dynamic panel quantile regression results revealed that ICTs statistically significant to enhance labour productivity in lower and intermediate quantiles than in the highest quantiles in developing countries. This finding suggested that ICTs play an essential role in improving productivity at the lower and average labour productivity levels. This study can help policymakers develop a long-term strategy in terms of ICTs adoption and usage more intensively in developing countries as they strive to achieve the goals of industrial 4.0.
INFORMATION OVERLOAD AND INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INVESTMENT RISK: EVIDENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Aref M. Eissa  , Ahmed Diab  , Meshal Obaid Almutairi  , Amr N. Abdelrhman
Published: April 2024

This study explores investors’ perceptions of investment risk under information overload. We use a survey of 133 individual investors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and to test our hypotheses, we employ descriptive statistics and sample t-test. We found that information overload in lengthy annual reports decreases investors’ confidence in the financial statements and reduces their ability to understand the firm’s business and financial performance. Investors confirmed that information overload reduces their ability to access relevant information for making investment decisions and predict future performance, and increases uncertainty about the firms’ future performance. Consequently, information overload increases investors’ perceptions of firms’ investment risk, reduces their confidence to invest in firms with long and difficult-to-read annual reports, and increases their perceptions of the likelihood that these reports are being exploited by managers to hide poor performance or earnings manipulation, and consequently, they prefer not to invest in these firms. In addition, the results indicated that disclosure complexity along with information overload exacerbates investors’ negative perceptions about the firm’s investment risk and its performance. Our results provide insights for investors in emerging markets such as the Saudi market to understand the negative implications of information overload, which can enlighten their investment decisions.
THE RECEPTIVENESS PUZZLE: UNDERSTANDING WHY SMALL FAMILY BUSINESSES STRUGGLE WITH ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING ADOPTION
Authors: Rosaline Tandiono
Published: April 2024

This study examines the challenges associated with the adoption of activity-based costing (ABC) in a small family business in a less developed country. Through a case study of PT XYZ, a logistic company, the study found that technical factors, including unpredictable customer requests, varying duration of activities, and uncertainty around distance and fuel consumption for each truck, make adopting the ABC method challenging. Organizational factors, such as a top-down hierarchy and the negative perception of the owner affecting the rest of the hierarchy, also contribute to the non-acceptance of ABC. Additionally, key agents within the company did not demonstrate enthusiasm toward changes. The cultural and contextual factors and unique characteristics of small family businesses further make them less receptive to adopting new ideas or changes, including the ABC method. This study offers practical implications for introducing changes, such as improving data collection processes, establishing better communication channels with family business owners, and seeking external expertise or advice from professionals with experience in family business management. The study expands the current discussion on ABC implementation and contributes to the family business literature by linking family business characteristics with the adoption of the ABC method.
DOES CONVERSION INCREASE DEPOSIT FUNDS IN ISLAMIC BANKS IN INDONESIA? THE CASE OF BANK OF ACEH AND BANK OF NTB
Authors: Mohammad Nur Rianto Al Arif  , Dwi Nuraini Ihsan  , Zulpawati
Published: April 2024

This study examines the effect of the conversion strategy on deposit funds in converted banks. One of the concerns when converting to an Islamic bank is the transfer of customers to conventional banks. This condition underlies this research to be conducted. Using panel regression analysis, this study found a positive difference in the number of deposited funds after the conversion. This fact shows that the concern about transferring customers after the conversion has not been proven. There was an increase in deposit funds after the conversion strategy was carried out at the two converted banks. This finding has implications that the conversion strategy can be carried out at regional banks that have a small size and are supported by the local government and the people in the area. The findings of this study contribute significantly to the development of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia that conversion to Islamic banking is an alternative corporate strategy besides spin-offs and mergers.
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES SPIRITUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE AFFECT MEANINGFULNESS IN WORK? SELF-TRANSCENDENCE AND PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AS MEDIATOR
Authors: Slamet Widodo
Published: April 2024

The goal of this research was to investigate and analyze the relationship between spirituality in the workplace and self-transcendence, Person-Organization Fit, and achieving meaningful work (Meaningful Work). This study's population consisted of employees of the Public Works and Public Housing Office of Bengkulu Province, with a planned sample size of 258 respondents using the census method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used in this study to test construct validity (convergent validity and discriminant validity) and reliability. Then, using SmartPLS 3.0, an explanation of statistical descriptions related to respondent profiles, hypothesis testing with path analysis, and testing of indirect effects are provided. According to the study's findings, spirituality in the workplace can increase a person's compatibility with their organization and self-transcendence. However, spirituality at work cannot increase work meaning. Meaning at work cannot be increased by self-transcendence, despite the fact that P-O fit can increase meaning at work. Self-transcendence cannot mediate the relationship between spirituality at work and increasing meaningfulness at work in the mediating relationship. This is inversely proportional to the P-O fit, which can act as a bridge between the influence of spirituality at work and meaningfulness at work.
ACTIVATING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR AT THE WORKPLACE THROUGH GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED INNOVATION CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Hamidah Md Yusop  , Ainul Azreen Adam  , Tan Peck Leong  , Chandramalar Munusami  , Siti Aishah Hussin
Published: April 2024

This study explores the influence of seven green human resource management (GHRM) practices and perceived innovation characteristics (PICs) on employees' pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) at the workplace. It bridges a gap in research that combines the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theories. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and survey data of 366 employees from six Malaysian development financial institutions, the findings suggested that four out of seven GHRM practices have a positive direct effect on PEB. Additionally, PICs mediate the relationship between four GHRM practices and PEB, suggesting the importance of employee perceptions of GHRM practices in fostering workplace PEB.
INNOVATION BARRIER TO SMES DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM AFGHANISTAN
Authors: Aimal Mirza and Siti ‘Aisyah Baharudin
Published: April 2024

Innovation plays a vital role not only in large firms but also in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) worldwide. In Afghanistan, SMEs are emerging to influence the economies by employing, contributing to exports and forming a major portion of export and tax revenues. This study aims to examine the innovation barriers to development at the SME level to offer policy implications in Afghanistan. The Two-Hierarchical Level Model (HLM) was used. A questionnaire was designed using the thematic areas of business innovation literature and adapted following Oslo's manual's recommendations. Collected in 2020 the cross-sectional data was examined through an empirical analysis by testing five research hypotheses to validate the research framework.  The target population was the SME key persons in Kabul city. Results show that firm characteristics are innovation barriers, SMEs that did not innovate were smaller in terms of employees and assets, lack of finance was a reason for abandoning innovative projects, and there are hierarchical barriers that humper innovation at the organizational, value chain and market level. There is a real need to continue studying the development of the innovation barriers for SME sectors that may enrich the world communities.