bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A measles epizootic with 5 deaths in newly-imported rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Remfry Jenny
Published: June 2007

Of 21 newly-imported rhesus monkeys, 11 showed a typical macular rash and 13 developed a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titre to measles. 5 animals died, 4 of them with extensive pneumonia, pleurisy and pericarditis. Although measles was involved in each case, there were contributory causes of death, namely Diplococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus infection, and infestation with Oesophagostomum (nodular worm) larvae.
Value of combining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate test with tuberculin testing in the control of tuberculosis in baboons
Authors: Tribe G. W. , Welburn A. E.
Published: June 2007

2 batches of baboon infected with tuberculosis were subjected to serial tests with human and bovine tuberculin, while erythrocyte sedimentation rates were estimated concurrently. In the very early stages most but not all reacted to human tuberculin while fewer responded to bovine material. After further development of the disease, tuberculin tests remained positive while sedimentation rates were raised by 10-30 mm per hour. By the time early spread had occurred response to tuberculin was absent but sedimentation rates tended to increase. Advanced cases were always tuberculin negative but sedimentation rates were in excess of 50 mm per hour. Such animals were always in good physical condition and represented an insidious danger to other animals and staff in contact with them. Clinical examination failed to reveal cases of tuberculosis except in the terminal stages and no cases were diagnosed by radiography. 2 animals died from apparent anaphylaxis following inoculation of both types of tuberculin. Results showed that use of one or other of these tests alone would not have made possible the elimination of infection.
Problems associated with the indentification of Bordetella bronchiseptica
Authors: Simpson W. , Simmons D. J. C.
Published: June 2007

Bordetella bronchiseptica, isolated from rodent nasopharyngeal swabs, failed to produce characteristic colonies after 24 hours incubation at 37°C. 4-7 days incubation at 37°C was required to achieve positive motility test results, when isolates later identified as B. bronchiseptica were tested by Craigie tube and soft agar stab methods. The biochemical tests used to identify suspected B. bronchiseptica are specified.
Erythrocyte basophilic stippling in the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Smith Richard A. , Termer Elizabeth A. , Glomski Chester A.
Published: June 2007

Basophilic stippling of the circulating erythrocytes is characteristic of the Mongolian gerbil. Its enzymatic digestion along with the concomitant removal of diffuse erythrocytic polychromasia by the action of ribonuclease demonstrates that it represents microscopically visible aggregates of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein, presumably of ribosomal origin. Up to 40% of the total circulating erythrocytes may be stippled in foetal and newborn animals. There is then a progressive decline in incidence until adult levels are attained at least by 20 weeks of age. The bone marrow of the adult gerbil contains a higher proportion of stippled red cells than the circulating blood. The stippling can be either coarse or fine and observable in both polychromatophilic and orthochromic cells. It is suggested that erythrocytes with basophilic stippling are relatively immature red cells still demonstrating remnants of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein.
Retinal detachment in the rat
Authors: Heywood R.
Published: June 2007

Retinal detachment is uncommon in the rat. Retinal atrophy, rosette formation and folding of the retina are some of the sequelae following reattachment.
Vaginal impedance measurement used for mating in the rat
Authors: Bartoš L.
Published: June 2007

An apparatus consisting of 2 silver ring electrodes attached to a plastic rod and connected to a transistor indicator was used to measure electrical impedance changes in the vagina of rats. A statistically significant increase in electrical impedance occurred at proestrus. By determining when this peak occurs, the optimal time for pairing can be established. In paired animals the absence of the peak provides a reliable means of diagnosing pregnancy.
Differences in production of solid Landhscütz tumours in BALB/c and ICR mice
Authors: Hod I. , Zimber A. , Gidoni D. , Shaul Y.
Published: June 2007

Landschütz tumour cells in the ascitic form injected subcutaneously into BALB/c or ICR mice produce solid tumours which grow progressively in most ICR mice but regress in nearly all BALB/c mice. Solid tumours in the peritoneal wall (produced by intraperitoneal inoculation of ascitic cells and treatment with normal serum) grew in both strains, but were more invasive in ICR mice. Surgical interference in BALB/c mice with these tumours, allowing adhesion of tumour to skin or subcutaneous fascia, resulted in cessation of tumour growth or regression.
Ganglioneuroma-containing tumours of the adrenal medulla in Alderley Park rats
Authors: Glaister J. R. , Samuels Diane M. , Tucker Mary J.
Published: June 2007

The histopathology of 7 adrenal tumours, consisting partially or entirely of ganglioneuroma, is described and their origin discussed.
Naturally occurring superfoetation in the rat
Authors: Sparrow S.
Published: June 2007

A case of superfoetation in the rat is described and an estimate of the incidence of naturally occurring cases in a colony of Porton strain Wistar (LAC:P) rats is made (0·09-0·27% of litters born).
The transmission of Theileria annulata to a rabbit by the larvae of the tick Hyalomma rufipes
Authors: Dipeolu O. O. , Ogunji F. O.
Published: June 2007

A New Zealand White rabbit on which larvae of Hyalomma rufipes were fed died of theileriosis due to Theileria annulata 22 days after the larvae had fed. The larvae were direct progeny of an enorged female collected from trade cattle in the veterinary control post at Ibadan. The danger attending the feeding on rabbits of first progeny of ticks collected from cattle in countries where some tick-borne diseases are endemic is highlighted. The possibility of transovarial transmission of Theileria is discussed.
The use of a simple barrier system to exclude murine pathogens
Authors: Cooper J. E. , Needham J. R. , Hetherington C. M.
Published: June 2007

A simple barrier system was used successfully to exclude Mycoplasma pulmonis and Sendai virus from a conventional mouse room. 49 weeks after introduction of the barrier system of management Pasteurella pneumotropica was first isolated from animals in the room.
Ultrastructural study of mesenteric lymph nodes in old rats
Authors: Majeed S. , Magnusson G.
Published: June 2007

The large mononuclear cells showed the features of mononuclear phagocytes and were mainly characterised by a large number of vacuolar structures. The results suggest that there is storage of lipids and mucosubstances, probably in enlarged lysosomes.
Self-mutilation of the penis in C57BL/6N mice
Authors: Hong Chou C. , Ediger Raymond D.
Published: June 2007

A major cause of male reproductive failure in a C57BL/6N mouse production colony is self-inflicted mutilation of the penis. The extent of the damage ranged from loss of the distal end to loss of the entire penis. From January 1974 to August 1976, 645 adult male mice with mutilated penes were removed from this colony-where the monthly census was 9500 mice, mated 1 male to 4 females using a continuous mating system. On necropsy, it was observed that the substance blocking the urethra in the penile stump resulted in urine retention, grossly distending the urinary bladder. Proteus mirabilis and other bacteria isolated from the urethral plugs were considered secondary invaders.
Attempted transmission of Entamoeba coli to specified-pathogen-free rodents
Authors: Owen Dawn
Published: June 2007

An attempt was made to establish whether human Entamoeba coli was transmissible from man to laboratory rodents. Cysts from 15 samples of human and 4 of primate stool were passaged into specified-pathogen-free guinea-pigs, rats and mice. In only 1 instance were cysts established in mice and, eventually, in rats.
Anomalies in the extrahepatic biliary tract of the rabbit
Authors: Lee S. P.
Published: June 2007

A systematic autopsy study found that 29 of 112 animals had anomalies of the bile ducts. Another rabbit had a septate gallbladder. Awareness of these variants is important during hepatic bile collection, studies involving surgical transplantation or manipulation of the extrahepatic ducts, interpretation of results in experimental cholelithiasis and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice.
Resistance of faecal cysts of Spironucleus muris to some physical factors and chemical substances
Authors: Kunstýy̌ I. , Ammerpohl E.
Published: June 2007

The effect of 5 disinfectants, and of saturated zinc chloride solution + sodium chloride solution, 2·5% potassium dichromate solution, and 0·12% dimetridazole on faecal cysts of Spironuc1eus muris were tested in vitro. The resistance of the cysts to high and low temperatures, low pH, high osmotic pressure, centrifugation and desiccation was also tested. After treatment the morphology of the cysts was observed microscopically and their infectivity tested in vivo on sensitive thymus-deficient nude mice. The cysts ceased to be infective after treatment with most of usual distinfectants and by high temperature (45°C for 30 min). They resisted 0·12% dimetridazole, low temperature (-196°C), low pH (2·2), high osmotic pressure (distilled water and 30% 'Ficoll'), centrifugation (1500 g/20 min) and desiccation (room temperature for 14 days). These data may be useful for the control of Spironuc1eus muris infection in rodents and for cryopreservation of the parasite for experimental purposes.
Renal transplantation in the rabbit: a model for preservation studies
Authors: Jacobsen I. A.
Published: June 2007

Transplantation is necessary for evaluation of kidney preservation procedures, and a model using a small laboratory animal is desirable. The rabbit was found to be a suitable animal for this purpose. Even long periods of anaesthesia without artificial respiration were safely achieved. Hydration and serum electrolytes could be maintained within normal ranges with intravenous injections of isotonic saline and dextrose during and after the operation.

The kidneys were implanted by anastomosing the artery and vein end-to-side to the abdominal aorta and the posterior vena cava respectively. The ureter was implanted into the bladder over a nylon stent.

In a recent 100 transplantations the incidence of vascular thrombosis was low (4%), but rather more (10%) mainly late ureteral complications were encountered.

Transplanted kidneys showed good function with mean peak serum creatinines of 285 μmol/l and normal macroscopic and histological appearance at autopsy.
Circadian oscillations of body temperature in the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus
Authors: Hetherington Colin M.
Published: June 2007

The rectal temperature of 8 marmosets was taken regularly throughout a 76 hour period. A pronounced circadian rhythm was detected: body temperature reached a maximum during the light phase and a minimum during the dark phase.
Pox infection in white rats
Authors: Marennikova Svetlana S. , Shelukhina Emma M. , Fimina Valentina A.
Published: June 2007

2 pox outbreaks among white rats in a breeding colony are described. The infection occurred in 3 different forms: pulmonary, dermal and mixed. Apparently healthy animals appeared to be virus carriers.

The virus isolated belonged to the genus Orthopoxvirus of Poxviridae family, and was very close to cowpox virus. It differed from reference strains of cowpox virus in having a lower ceiling temperature and a higher pathogenicity for white rats.
Sexual maturity in rabbits defined by the physical and chemical characteristics of the semen
Authors: Macari M. , Machado C. R.
Published: June 2007

Semen was collected weekly from New Zealand white rabbits from the 1st positive mounting test to 43 weeks of age by means of an artificial vagina. The mean values of the results obtained in the 1st and 20th collection weeks were respectively: volume (ml) 0·61 ± 0·30 and 0·70 ± 0·19; pH 7·22 ± 0·50 and 7·19 ± 0±15; concentration (sperm/mm3 x 103) 750 ± 207 and 381 ± 90; fructose (mg/l00 ml) 117 ± 58 and 203 ± 121; citric acid (mg/l00 ml) 256 ± 90 and 200 ± 97; sodium ions (mEq/l) 133 ± 31 and 163 ± 46; potassium ions (mEq/l) 40 ± 21 and 29 ± 14. On the basis of these results, New Zealand white rabbits reach sexual maturity by 6 months of age.
Automatic recording of caecotrophy in the rabbit
Authors: Jilge Burghart
Published: June 2007

A mechanical and electronic unit that records circadian faecal excretion by rabbits is described.
Demonstration of antibodies to Bacillus piliformis in SPF colonies and experimental transplacental infection by Bacillus piliformis in mice
Authors: Fries A. Schaich
Published: June 2007

Antibodies to Bacillus piliformis were demonstrated by the immunofluorescence antibody technique in sera from mice and rabbits from SPF breeding colonies. Mice in various stages of pregnancy were experimentally infected with Bacillus piliformis and killed 2 to 3 days later. The organism was demonstrated in the uterus, foetal membranes and in the liver of the foetuses. Infection was not limited to any particular stage of pregnancy.
Apparatus for the hyperchlorination of rodent drinking water
Authors: Bron J. , Bywater J. E. C. , Kellett B. S.
Published: June 2007

An apparatus is described which has been in use for some time providing uniform, low concentrations of chlorine in mouse drinking water.
Rationalisation and modification of a germ-free isolator design
Authors: Taylor D. M.
Published: June 2007

A modified design of polyvinyl chloride isolator, suitable for small laboratory animals utilises room space more effectively than previous models and is particularly useful where accommodation is restricted. The standard attachments and ancillary equipment used with other flexible isolators are compatible with the modified isolator.
Variation of minerals and trace elements in laboratory animal diets
Authors: Wise A. , Gilburt D. J.
Published: June 2007

29 laboratory animal diets from 5 manufacturers for rats, mice, rabbits, guineapigs, primates and dogs were analysed for calcium, total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper. Variations between diets for the same species were found to be much larger than differences between means for different species. The analyses were compared with data in the manufacturers' catalogues. The best controlled element was potassium. Most deviations of other elements were distributed in a skewed fashion and quite serious differences between analytical and catalogue data were found. In general, deviations from the catalogue were less than variations between diets. It is recommended that catalogues should give ranges of composition rather than means.
Anaesthetic gases and health risks to laboratory personnel: a review
Authors: Green C. J.
Published: June 2007

The evidence that chronic exposure to inhalational anaesthetic agents may be associated with psychomotor, hepatic and renal dysfunction, to increased susceptibility to infections and neoplastic disease, and to an increased incidence of miscarriages and foetal abnormalities, is discussed. The risk to pregnant women seems greatest after exposure to rather high concentrations of nitrous oxide. Although it is not suggested that all laboratory premises will be equally at risk, such levels as 400 ppm halothane and 8000 ppm nitrous oxide can build up in small poorly-ventilated rooms when these agents are used for several hours at a time. A strong plea is entered for all to be aware of the hazard and to ensure that good ventilation and preferably, purpose-built scavenging equipment are installed wherever inhalational agents are used.
A self-compensating, closed-circuit respiration calorimeter for small mammals and birds
Authors: Miller B. G. , Kirkwood J. K. , Howard K. , Tuddenham A. , Webster A. J. F.
Published: June 2007

The calorimeter has special features which make it independent of changes in ambient temperature and pressure and therefore able to record precisely not only the integral of respiratory exchange over periods of 24 h but also the rate of oxygen consumption over short periods. Experiments with mice and kestrels ( Falco tinnunculus) are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the apparatus.
Rapid dissection of rodent molar-tooth germs
Authors: Kardos Thomas B. , Hubbard Michael J.
Published: June 2007

A rapid rate of isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents aged from 19 embryonic days to 7 days postnatal can be achieved. The procedure is of direct application to biochemical studies of odontogenesis where relatively large amounts of tissue are often required. The quality of dissection, assessed by morphological and organ culture criteria, extends the application of this procedure to general use in the isolation of molar-tooth germs from rodents.
Pathology of the nematode Trichosomoides crassicauda in the urinary bladder of laboratory rats
Authors: Zubaidy Ali J. , Majeed Saleh K.
Published: June 2007

The worms caused mild epithelial damage and were lying upon, or partially embedded in the epithelium and submucosa of the urinary bladder, and occasionally in the lower part of the medullary collecting tubules or in the urinary pelvic cavity, with associated papillitis and pyelonephritis. The incidence of urinary nematodiasis in these young caesarian-derived but conventionally-bred rats was high (66%).
The effect of fasting on oral acute toxicity of drugs in rats and mice
Authors: Kast Alexander , Nishikawa Junko
Published: June 2007

The oral acute toxicity of 3 β-adrenoceptor stimulants, 2 β-adrenoceptor blockers, and 2 anti-gastric ulcer drugs was studied in 8-week old, SD-JCL rats and ICR-JCL mice, fasted overnight for 17-20 hours. The results were compared with those from rats and mice allowed to feed normally. The order of the fed : fasted ratio of LD50 values in rats was pirenzepin < propantheline < pindolol < salbutamol < orciprenaline < fenoterol < bunitrolol, and was in the range 1·3-4·7. The increased toxicity in fasted animals was considered to be related to acceleration in gastric emptying and intestinal absorption, but not to a general change in the condition of the test system or a decrease in the detoxification ability of the liver because after intraperitoneal administration acute toxicity was similar in fed and fasted rats.
Cutaneous tumours in the guineapig
Authors: Zwart P. , Van Der Hage M. H. , Mullink J. W. M. A. , Cooper J. E.
Published: June 2007

In 2 gulneapigs umbilicated tumours localized in the subcutis were diagnosed as trichofolliculomas. Histopathological examination revealed easily recognizable groups of abortive hair follicles arranged around a complex central space. A 3rd case was a sebaceous gland adenoma, also situated in the subcutis.
Spinal anaesthesia in the rabbit
Authors: Kero P. , Thomasson B. , Soppi Anne-Maria
Published: June 2007

Spinal anaesthesia, until now used in the guineapig, was adapted to the rabbit for examining rabbit foetuses during labour. This form of anaesthesia is easy, quick and safe, and it makes it possible to examine the physiology of rabbit foetuses without their being affected by anaesthesia.
Comparable phagocytic activity of rhesus monkey and human blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes
Authors: Scully C.
Published: June 2007

Leucocytes from monkey and man had comparable activities with respect to the common oral organism Streptococcus mutans.
An epizootic of Klebsiella aerogenes infection in laboratory rats
Authors: Arseculeratne S. N. , Panabokke R. G. , Navaratnam C. , Weliange L. V.
Published: June 2007

Klebsiella aerogenes was identified as the pathogen in an epizootic of single and multiple abscesses in the cervical, axillary and inguinal regions in laboratory rats. Involvement of the salivary glands in the inflammatory tissue in some cases produced interlobular and interacinar fibrosis resembling 'fibro-adenosis', Similar lesions were reproduced with a strain of Klebsiella aerogenes isolated from a diseased rat. Oral carriage of the same strain was detected in the diseased rats, and in normal rats of the same stock. Lymphadenitis appears to have been the primary lesion.
Whisker trimming in mice
Authors: Strozik E. , Festing M. F. W.
Published: June 2007

Whisker trimming is extremely common in strain A2G mice, with an incidence which progresses with age. Over 75% of cages containing 2-3 mice have 1 or more active trimmers by the time the mice are about 60 days old. When male A2G mice were housed with mice of other strains there was a tendency for trimming to occur most in cages where the A2G male was socially dominant (as judged by a tube test). The number of animals per cage did not seem to influence this behaviour. In groups of male mice there was usually 1 with untrimmed whiskers, presumably because he was socially dominant. However, with females there were always several active trimmers. There was some evidence that when females became pregnant they were able to resist whisker trimming by their mates.
Characteristics of the menstrual cycle in nonhuman primates. IV. Timed mating in Macaca nemestrina
Authors: Blakley G. B. , Beamer T. W. , Dukelow W. R.
Published: June 2007

The events of the perineal swelling cycle in Macaca nemestrina have been correlated with the optimal time for conception. The mean cycle length of the animals was 32·8 days with the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle 17·6-19·2 and 13·6-15·2 days respectively. The time of ovulation, relative to the tumescence peak, ranged from 1 to 13 days. The optimal time for mating, based on the ratio between day of breeding and cycle length was 0·46, a value comparable with similar calculations for other macaque species.
Comparison of alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase conjugated antisera in the ELISA test for antibodies to reovirus 3, mouse hepatitis and Sendai viruses
Authors: Carthew P. , Gannon J. , Whisson I.
Published: June 2007

The method of enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) has been applied to the detection of antibodies to reovirus 3, Sendai virus and mouse hepatitis virus (type 1), and the serological response of mice after infection has been followed for 28 days to investigate the earliest appearance of ELISA titres. This has been compared to the appearance of haemagglutination-inhibiting and complement-fixing antibodies.

Alkaline phosphatase conjugated antiserum produces the most sensitive and convenient ELISA for the murine viruses examined.
Simple diagnostic test for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi based on enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Cox J. C. , Horsburgh R. , Pye D.
Published: June 2007

Rabbit antibodies against Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in an enzyme immunoassay procedure in which antigen was grown and used in situ. The test appeared to be more sensitive than the indirect immunofluorescence test with which it was compared, but gave essentially the same results for the 64 sera evaluated. This procedure will allow any laboratory with cell-culture facilities to produce a diagnostic antigen without the need for antigen processing. It is simple and reliable, and does not require specialized equipment or microscopic assessment.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbit fur
Authors: Schoenbaum M.
Published: June 2007

Skin lesions with peculiar bluish-green discolouration and wet, matted appearance of the fur, occurred sporadically in a small rabbitry. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the skin lesion.
Pregnancy concurrent with lactation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Norris M. L. , Adams C. E.
Published: June 2007

The reproductive performance of Mongolian gerbils mated post partum and allowed to nurse 1-12 young was recorded. More than 70% of the post-parturient females mated, the majority on Day 1; the incidence of mating was unaffected by nursing. However, both fertility and fecundity declined as the number of young nursed increased. Smaller litters were associated with longer gestations.
Standardized method for bleeding rats
Authors: Archer R. K. , Riley Joan
Published: June 2007

Anaesthesia by halothane and puncture of the jugular vein through a small skin incision gives good blood samples with narrower normal ranges than those usually quoted, especially for leucocyte counts.
Genotype x diet interaction for litter size in mice
Authors: Festing M. F. W. , Ford D. J.
Published: June 2007

Substantial interaction was observed in 3 inbred strains of mice maintained on 5 normal commercial pelleted diets. Strain B10.BR was most sensitive to the unknown dietary factor, and the ranking of B10.BR and A2G was reversed across the array of diets. There was no apparent relationship between the ‘biological’ value of the diet and 21 dietary ingredients determined chemically. The study shows that the diet which gives the best performance for one strain of mice may not be the best for another.
Continuous long-term intravenous infusion in the unrestrained rat—a novel technique
Authors: Jones Peter A. , Hynd John W.
Published: June 2007

A simple, reliable and economic alternative for those who find previously described methods unsatisfactory.
Dermatophytes in clinically healthy laboratory animals
Authors: Balsari A. , Bianchi C. , Cocilovo Alessandra , Dragoni I. , Poli G. , Ponti Wilma
Published: June 2007

Mice, rats, guineapigs and rabbits that were apparently healthy and did not present skin lesions were examined for the presence of dermatophytes. A small proportion of them were found to be carriers of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis (8/140 = 5·7% of mice; 2/185 = 1·1% of rats; 1/70 = 1·4% of guineapigs; 1/215 = 0·5% of rabbits).
Comparative feeding trials of 2 maintenance diets containing different crude protein levels
Authors: Connell Dorothea I. , Street W. , Pendry R. Ann , Yeboah J. , Godfrey A.
Published: June 2007

2 commercially-produced maintenance diets containing crude protein levels of 14-15 and 21% were offered to normal mice and normal and thymectomized rats for 48-52 weeks. Both sexes of 2 strains of mouse, CBA/Ca and BALB/c, and 2 strains of rat, Wistar males and Lister Hooded females, were used, starting at 8-10 weeks of age.

Results indicated that the diet containing 14-15% crude protein was an acceptable substitute for the 21% protein diet and could reduce the dietary cost by 30-40%.
Haemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin values of adult male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Rennie J. S. , Macdonald D. G. , Douglas T. A.
Published: June 2007

From about 6 to 33 weeks of age mean bodyweight increased from 100 to 110 g. Haemoglobin and serum iron altered little during that time, with initial, median and final values of 15·6, 16·3 and 15·0 g/dl (haemoglobin) and 57·8, 58·6 and 46·1 μmol/l (serum iron). At the end of the observation period mean total iron-binding capacity was 104·5 μmol/l, and mean transferrin saturation 44·0%.
Operative procedure for the collection of rete testis fluid from conscious sheep
Authors: Ellery A. , Kinnen L.
Published: June 2007

Using this procedure, up to 38 ml of rete testis fluid could be collected per testis per day for periods of up to 3 weeks.
Inclusion of intestinal antiseptics in rabbit diets
Authors: King J. O. L.
Published: June 2007

Rabbits receiving antiseptic solutions to drink grew slightly, but not significantly, faster than the controls. The antiseptic solutions tended to thin the walls of the stomach, small intestine and caecum, but only a few of the results were significant.
Genetic monitoring of inbred strains of mice using electrophoresis and electrofocusing
Authors: Bulfield Grahame , Bantin Gerry
Published: June 2007

Haemoglobin and glucosephosphate isomerase phenotypes can be determined on a single gel by electrofocusing of haemolysates. It is proposed that the number of phenotypic combinations produced by this procedure makes it suitable for the genetic monitoring of the more commonly used inbred strains of mice.
Reproduction of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in harems
Authors: Timmermans P. J. A. , Schouten W. G. P. , Krijnen J. C. M.
Published: June 2007

Adult monkeys caught in the wild were housed in 2 harems and used for breeding during 7 successive years. Monkeys born in captivity and reared in the parental groups or in peer groups were also used for breeding. The live birth production rate amounted to 80% and reproduction was stable over the 7 year period. All but one of the females born in captivity showed normal maternal behaviour towards their firstborn infants. Aggression between females, breech deliveries, infanticide and reluctance of the male to copulate with females which grew up in his harem, were significant factors that reduced productivity.
Cystitis in female guineapigs
Authors: Wood Margery
Published: June 2007

During 3 years there were 19 clinical cases of cystitis in breeding female guineapigs, an incidence of 0·6%.
Regional growth differences of human tumour xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Dipersio Linda P.
Published: June 2007

Human tumour cells or the HEp-2 and SW480 cell lines were inoculated subcutaneously into 4 locations on the athymic (nude) mouse lateral trunk. There was no difference in size between tumours grown on the right side or the body and those grown on the left. However, 4 weeks after inoculation, anterior tumours were 3 times as large as posterior tumours. The results indicate a predilection for tumour xenograft growth in the anterior region or the lateral nude mouse trunk.
Measurement of respiratory patterns in rodents using whole-body plethysmography and a pneumotachograph
Authors: Coggins C. R. E. , Duchosal Francine , Musy C. , Ventrone R.
Published: June 2007

Up to 8 variables in the respiratory patterns of rats and hamsters can be measured simultaneously. The technique uses modified restraint tubes and an animal pneumotachograph.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a closed colony of baboons (Papio ursinus)
Authors: Fourie P. B. , Odendaal M. W.
Published: June 2007

An outbreak of tuberculosis in a nonhuman primate colony involved 11 of 91 (12·1%) baboons ( Papio ursinus). Tuberculin tests identified 80%, X-ray screening 10% and throat swab bacteriology 30% of diseased animals. Cough was a misleading indicator of tuberculosis. Stress resulting from experimental interference with animals was unrelated to disease development. Twice as many females as males were attacked. Screening and prophylactic, therapeutic and preventive measures are discussed.
The inclusion of ground hay, straw and paper in the diets fed to growing rabbits
Authors: King J. O. L.
Published: June 2007

In 3 experiments growing rabbits were divided into 2 groups. In each case half received a basal ration while the other half was given this ration supplemented with a ground fibrous material: 20% hay, 10% straw or 10% paper. All the diets were fed in pelleted form. In all the experiments the rabbits fed on the diets containing the added fibrous materials gained in weight slightly more rapidly and had slightly higher food conversion ratios than did those on the control diet, but the differences in the means were not significant. A study of the small intestine and caecum weights expressed as percentages of body weight and as the weights of 1-cm lengths showed that the added fibrous materials increased these weights except in 1 instance where the results were the same. Significant changes were recorded in the case of hay in both the percentage weight and the weight of 1-cm lengths of caecum and in the straw experiment in the weight of 1-cm lengths of small intestine. There were no significant changes in the results from the paper-fed rabbits.
Injectable anaesthetic techniques in 2 species of gerbil (Meriones libycus and Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Flecknell P. A. , John M. , Mitchell M. , Shurey C.
Published: June 2007

The effects of a range of injectable anaesthetic agents were assessed in two species of gerbil ( M. libycus and M. unguiculatus). The drug combination of metomidate and fentanyl was the only preparation that consistently produced surgical anaesthesia. Considerable species variation in drug response was noted, indicating that caution should be exercised in recommending standard anaesthetic dose rates for these animals.
Neuroleptanalgesia in the rabbit
Authors: Flecknell P. A. , John M. , Mitchell M. , Shurey C. , Simpkin S.
Published: June 2007

The efficacy of the neuroleptanalgesic combinations of fentanyl-fluanisone with diazapam; and etorphine-methotrimeprazine, either alone, or with diazepam, was investigated in the rabbit. The effects of these drugs on some cardiovascular variables were studied in chronically catheterized rabbits. Fentanyl-fluanisone and diazepam produced good surgical anaesthesia. Although respiratory depression occurred, this had little effect on blood gas values. In contrast, etorphine-methotrimeprazine and diazepam produced severe respiratory depression with consequent hypercapnia and acidosis.
Energy/protein ratio in natural ingredient diets for weanling rats
Authors: López A. , Garća C.
Published: June 2007

The effect of 3 levels of Digestible Energy (DE; 100, 90 and 80% of NRC Recommendations) and 3 different Energy/Protein ratios (EPR; 63, 71 and 79 kJ DE/g Crude Protein [CP] were studied in a 3 - 3 factorial design using 8 weanling rats per group and diets formulated with natural ingredients. A 20% reduction in DE level decreased significantly energy and protein intake and daily weight gain, and increased the feed intake/body weight gain ratio without affecting protein or energy conversion ratios. Wider values of EPR brought about a decrease in protein intake and CP/body weight gain ratio, with no effect on feed and energy intakes, conversion ratios, nor weight gain. At the protein levels used, energy but not protein concentration of diet, determined growth rate; with the natural ingredient diets used, up to 10% reduction in DE level may be compensated for; wider EPR values led to more efficient utilization of dietary protein.
Criteria for the evaluation of laboratory animal bedding
Authors: Wirth H.
Published: June 2007

The bedding of laboratory animals constitutes an important external factor in their environment which can affect the result of an experiment. The preparation, nature and properties of different types of bedding are described and discussed.
A tandem cage for individually handling group-living monkeys
Authors: Chance M. R. A. , Byrne B. , Jones E.
Published: June 2007

A novel tandem cage is described which enables individual monkeys, living in a group, to be selectively separated, removed and returned.
Further observations on the potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) in captivity
Authors: Ullmann Suzanne L. , Brown Rena
Published: June 2007

The maintenance and breeding performance of potoroos in captivity over a 7-year period is described. By removing offspring from the pouch and allowing 29 days for completion of embryonic development and birth to occur, pouch young of known ages can be obtained.
Influence of bleeding procedure and some environmental conditions on stress-dependent blood constituents of laboratory rats
Authors: Bickhardt K. , Büttner D. , Müschen U. , Plonait H.
Published: June 2007

The influence of experimental conditions on 10 haematological and blood chemical constituents were investigated in male Han:Wistar rats. Significant differences existed between values of haematological and chemical constituents of blood, sampled within 10 s, between 10 and 30, or between 30 and 60 s after decapitation respectively. The leucocyte count decreased quickly but the lactate concentration rose after decapitation. The interindividual coefficient of variance for the majority of the blood constituents was reduced markedly if blood was sampled within 10 s of decapitation. Significant differences in plasma protein and blood lactate concentrations existed between 2 rats kept in one cage, when the first rat was decapitated 20 s before the second one. Plasma protein concentrations differed significantly between rats bled at 9.00 am and 11.00 am. Significant differences in blood glucose and lactate concentrations existed between rats bled on 5 different days within a period of 10 days. Packed cell volume, eosinophilic granulocytes and plasma protein concentration differed significantly between rats kept in a room with a 12:12 light: darkness (LD) cycle and those living in a room with a 2·3:2·3 LD cycle.
Seasonal variation of temperatures in rabbits
Authors: Pericin C. , Grieve A. P.
Published: June 2007

Determinations of rectal temperatures were performed in a series of measurements in male and female drug-naive SPF rabbits of the Chinchilla type maintained under standard environmental conditions (temperature 19°C, relative humidity 60%, light 14 h/day) in weekly tests collected over 3½ years. The results indicated a seasonal variation in rectal temperature. The temperature was affected by restraint, and female animals showed significantly higher temperatures than males. Bodyweight had no effect on temperature.
The effect of diet on the incidence of pituitary tumours in female Wistar rats
Authors: Pickering R. G. , Pickering C. Elizabeth
Published: June 2007

Each of 5 groups of 50 weanling Wistar-derived female rats was fed a different diet ad libitum for 2 years. The diets included 3 commercial maintenance diets (R and M No. 1, R and M No. 491 and RDM 22), a purified or semi-synthetic diet (LJ 80) and the diet (LAD 2) normally used in this laboratory. A weighed amount of LAD 2 diet (less than would be consumed under ad libitum conditions) was fed each day to a 6th group of rats.

The survivals of the groups of rats fed either the standard diet (LAD 2) in restricted amount or the maintenance diet (RDM 22) were 62% and 66% respectively and were significantly better than the 40% survival of the group fed LAD 2 ad libitum. The survivals of the groups fed either Rand M No. 491 or LJ 80 were 40-42%, and the group fed Rand M No. 1 had a survival of 52%. At the end of 2 years the 2 groups with the best (>60%) survivals weighed significantly less than the group fed LAD 2 ad libitum.

The groups fed either LAD 2 in restricted amount or RDM 22 had the least gross pathological lesions for the majority of the organs. These same groups also had fewer pituitary tumours per group (72% and 66%) than the group fed LAD 2 ad libitum (90%). The group fed RDM 22 also had the largest % (26%) of normal pituitaries of all the groups in the study.

There were some significant differences between the haematological and clinical chemistry results of the group fed LAD 2 ad libitum and the other groups but none of the changes was considered adverse, although the groups fed either RDM 22 or Rand M No. 491 had significantly increased mean aminotransferase (AST and ALT) values with large variations which were adjudged undesirable. There was less protein in the urine of the groups fed either RDM 22 or LAD 2 (restricted).
The influence of litter size and favourable conditions on mortality and weaning weights in rats
Authors: Kahan E. , Rosen M.
Published: June 2007

Litters of 12 pups produced the optimum results for survival ( P<0·005) and for weaning weights ( P<0·05) when compared with litters of 8 and 10 pups. This number is similar to the normal litter size and normal number of teats in rats. In our study, the normal litter size was X = 12·5. Our results were obtained under favourable conditions without disturbing the animals and facilitating access to food and water for the mothers and pups.
Gain-Loss Separability and Coalescing in Risky Decision Making
Authors: Birnbaum Michael H. , Bahra Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2007

This experiment tested two behavioral properties of risky decision making—gain-loss separability (GLS) and coalescing. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) implies both properties, but the transfer of attention exchange (TAX) model violates both. Original prospect theory satisfies GLS but may or may not satisfy coalescing, depending on whether editing rules are assumed. A configural form of CPT proposed by Wu and Markle [Wu, G., A. B. Markle. 2004. An empirical test of gain-loss separability in prospect theory. Working Paper 06-25-04, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago] violates GLS, but satisfies coalescing. New tests were designed and conducted to test these theories against specific predictions of a TAX model. This model used parameters estimated from previous data, together with simple new assumptions to extend TAX to gambles with negative and mixed consequences. Contrary to all three forms of prospect theory, systematic violations of both coalescing and GLS were observed. Violations of GLS were confirmed by analyses of individual data patterns by means of an error model in which each choice can have a different rate of error. Without estimating any parameters from the new data, the TAX model predicted the majority choices in the new data fairly well, correctly predicting when modal choices would violate GLS, when they would satisfy it, and when indifference would be observed.
Performance Bounds for Flexible Systems Requiring Setups
Authors: Singh Mahender P. , Srinivasan Mandyam M.
Published: June 2007

Many organizations use product variety as one possible strategy for increasing their competitiveness. They have installed flexible manufacturing systems because these systems offer a powerful means for accommodating production and assembly of a variety of products. However, increased product variety comes at a cost. For instance, if the resource requires to be set up each time it switches to operate on a new product, the resulting delays and costs could negate the intended benefits of increased product variety. Analyzing these flexible resources for optimal design and operation is therefore very important. To address such issues, we model a flexible resource, serving multiple products, using a queueing model—more precisely, a polling model. In this model, a single server attends to multiple service centers (queues) at which requests arrive and queue up for service, performing a setup at a polled queue only if that queue is nonempty. This is the state dependent (SD) polling model.

Exact analysis of the SD polling model is inherently very complex. This paper presents a very efficient procedure to compute a hierarchy of successively improving bounds on the values of performance measures obtained from the SD polling model with the exact solution as its limit. This procedure can be applied to quickly estimate performance measures for large SD polling models previously deemed analytically intractable.
Service Performance Analysis and Improvement for a Ticket Queue with Balking Customers
Authors: Xu Susan H. , Gao Long , Ou Jihong
Published: June 2007

Queueing systems managed by ticket technology are widely used in service industries as well as government offices. Upon arriving at a ticket queue, each customer is issued a numbered ticket. The number currently being served is displayed. An arriving customer balks if the difference between his ticket number and the displayed number exceeds his patience level. We propose a Markov chain model of a ticket queue and develop effective evaluation tools. These tools can help management quantify the service level and identify the performance gap between the ticket queue and the conventional physical queue, in which a waiting line is formed. We gain insights about the ways customer service is affected by information loss in the ticket queue. In particular, we show that ticket and physical queues have significantly different balking probabilities when customer patience is low and the system traffic is heavy. We also propose an improvement to the ticket queue that provides each customer with his expected waiting time conditioned on his observed number difference, which is shown to raise the performance of the ticket queue to that of the physical queue.
Erratum—A Contract and Balancing Mechanism for Sharing Capacity in a Communication Network
Authors: Anderson Edward , Kelly Frank , Steinberg Richard , Waters Robert
Published: June 2007

In a recent paper, the first three authors proposed a method for determining how much to charge users of a communication network when they share bandwidth, and studied the existence and form of Nash equilibria for players’ choices of capacity. However, the proof of one of the propositions in that paper contained a flaw. In this note, we prove that the original proposition is true under an additional condition, and provide two examples to show that this condition is necessary.
How Much Did the Liberty Shipbuilders Forget?
Authors: Thompson Peter
Published: June 2007

This paper produces new estimates of the rate of organizational forgetting in the well-known case study of U.S. wartime ship production. Estimates obtained using data constructed from primary sources at the National Archives yield rates of forgetting that are much smaller than previously reported, and may well be zero. The richness of the data makes it possible to control for variations in the product mix, to explore alternative formulations for the learning curve, and to investigate the relationship between organizational forgetting and labor turnover.
Analysis and Comparison of Queues with Different Levels of Delay Information
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Zipkin Paul
Published: June 2007

Information about delays can enhance service quality in many industries. Delay information can take many forms, with different degrees of precision. Different levels of information have different effects on customers and therefore on the overall system. To explore these effects, we consider a queue with balking under three levels of delay information: no information, partial information (the system occupancy), and full information (the exact waiting time). We assume Poisson arrivals, independent exponential service times, and a single server. Customers decide whether to stay or balk based on their expected waiting costs, conditional on the information provided. We show how to compute the key performance measures in the three systems, obtaining closed-form solutions for special cases. We then compare the three systems. We identify some important cases where more accurate delay information improves performance. In other cases, however, information can actually hurt the provider or the customers.
The role of relational reasoning in children's addition concepts
Authors: Farrington‐Flint Lee , Canobi Katherine H. , Wood Clare , Faulkner Dorothy
Published: June 2007

The study addresses the relational reasoning of different‐aged children and how addition reasoning is related to problem‐solving skills within addition and to reasoning skills outside addition. Ninety‐two 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds were asked to solve a series of conceptually related and unrelated addition problems, and the speed and accuracy of all self‐reported strategies were used to monitor their addition performance. Children were also given a series of general relational reasoning tasks to assess their ability to solve problems based on thematic, causal and visual relations. The results revealed that, while children were able to reason about commutativity relations, recognition of relations based on additive composition was rare. Furthermore, children's ability to reason about addition concepts increased with age and problem‐solving proficiency. Reasoning about addition concepts was related to performance on the thematic, causal and visual reasoning tasks for older children but not for younger children. Overall, the findings suggest that while children's early knowledge of addition relations is domain specific, as children develop in their broader reasoning abilities these developments enhance their addition reasoning.