bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of "Crushing" the Transmission Curve of COVID-19 in Latin America - We Still Have Time
Authors: Pecho-Silva Samuel , Navarro-Solsol Ana Claudia , Arteaga-Livias Kovy , Panduro-Correa Vicky , Dhama Kuldeep , J. Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Latin America is suppose to have significant advantages over other developing regions, such as Asia and Africa, given the time where the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), arrived, mainly from Europe. This occurred on February 26, 2020. Then, multiple previous measures were taken in order to prevent and mitigate the impact of pandemic in the region. In the current mini-review update we discuss the possibilities of “crushing” the transmission curve of COVID-19 in the region after two months of the arrival of this emerging coronavirus.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Zoonotic Origin and Susceptibility of Domestic and Wild Animals
Authors: Kumar O.R. Vinodh , Ramkumar  , Pruthvishree B.S. , Pande Tripti , Sinha D.K. , Singh B.R. , Dhama Kuldeep , Malik Yashpal S.
Published: May 2020

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are responsible for causing economically significant diseases both in animals and humans. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19), outbreak has become the first pandemic of the 21st century and is the deadliest pandemic after the 1918 Spanish Flu. Except, the two previous epidemics, SARS-CoV (2002 epidemic, China) and MERS-CoV (2012 epidemic, Middle Eastern region), CoVs are known the world over as the mild pathogens of humans and animals. Despite several measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic, it has affected more than 210 countries and regional territories distressing more than 5.3 million people and claiming nearly 0.34 million lives globally. Several findings point towards the appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the humans through animals, especially the wild animals of the Chinese live seafood wet market. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is another example of diseases originating from the human-animal interface and spreading through international borders causing global health emergencies. Most of the countries around the globe are stumbling due to the COVID-19 pandemic with severe threats and panic among the mass population. World Health Organization (WHO), international and national health authorities are working with excessive efforts for effective and impactful interventions to contain the virus. It is significant to comprehend the inclination of these viruses to jump between different species, and the establishment of infection in the entirely new host, identification of significant reservoirs of coronaviruses. Several animal species such as cats, dogs, tiger, and minks have been confirmed to get SARS-CoV-2 infections from COVID-19 infected person. Laboratory investigations point out those cats are the most susceptible species for SARS-CoV-2, and it can evidence with clinical disease. The studies carried out on animal’s susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 further support the human-to-animal spread of the virus. In this review, we focus on addressing COVID-19 infections in domestic and wild animals.
Food Safety and COVID-19: Precautionary Measures to Limit the Spread of Coronavirus at Food Service and Retail Sector
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Moiz Abdul , Zubair Shagufta , Iqbal Hafiz M.N.
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus pandemic has drastically upended the daily life routines of human beings and has wide wide-ranging effects on entire sectors of society. The food sector is also susceptible and substantially harmed by the influence of intensive effects of coronavirus. To ensure food safety and limit the spread of coronavirus at food services and retail sector has become a challenge where delicate and fresh food items are served and delivered to the customers, which have passed through a series of operational steps from order taking, food receiving, preparation of food, packing, delivery to customers. At each step, there is a possibility of food handlers to touch the food surface or food directly and if food handler is not following appropriate precautionary measures e.g. hand hygiene, sanitization and disinfection, social distances, and is touching, then it can be a possible source of coronavirus spread. Since there is no evidence that food is a coronavirus transmission route but during the food operations, improper sanitization and disinfection of key touchpoints, food contact, nonfood contact, equipment and cleaning tools surfaces and close contact of food handlers with staff and customers not only can put themselves on risk but can also be a risk for customers. Food services and the retail sector should make sure proper hand hygiene, approved sanitizers and disinfectants in use, follow social distances at workstations and while interacting with the customers. Finally, the business should be vigilant to monitor the temperature of staff and incoming guests to identify if there may any sick person to avoid from further spread of coronavirus and shall report to concerned health authorities if anyone symptoms matching with COVID-19.
A Review of Potential Antiviral Drugs and Vaccines to Treat COVID-19
Authors: Singh Sanjeet , R. Jayaram
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a challenge to the whole humanity. COVID-19 was first reported in China and rigorous researches are going on for developing vaccine for the pandemic. This review was prepared by following PRISMA guidelines and used the resources from the Web of Science and PubMed. This research focuses on the niches of symptoms and vaccines for COVID-19. The research for vaccine involves research for new vaccine and drug repurposing. Out of various drug repurposing options, Remdesivir, and Favipiravir, Chloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir were found to be the popular ones for treating COVID-19 patients across the world. Even though there are concerns regarding asymptotic patients, the most dominant symptoms of COVID-19 are fever and cough, followed by Dyspnoea and muscle ache. This review concludes that the COVID-19 related research should focus on developing immunity vaccines, and repurposing of drugs. Research on the problems of quarantine life, patient monitoring, and usage of information technology in facing COVID-19 will improve the quality of patient handling during the pandemic. The research on the effectiveness of various models of lockdown and regulation of social life during lockdown periods, improving the safety of health care workers in the workplace will definitely help the governments in their fight against COVID-19.
Strengthening of Molecular Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 with a Special Focus on India
Authors: Bhatia Ragini , Chaudhary Rajesh , Khurana Sandip Kumar , Tiwari Ruchi , Dhama Kuldeep , Gupta Vivek Kumar , Singh Raj Kumar , Natesan Senthilkumar
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus initially reported in Wuhan, China, is the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Symptoms of the disease comprise of fever, tiredness, dry cough, aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhoea and pneumonia at the late stage. SARS-CoV-2 has severely crippled the healthcare system and has caused huge economic losses. Following the outbreak, the SARS-CoV-2 was recognized timely and its genome was sequenced, leading to the development of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for its detection in clinical samples collected from suspected cases. The management of the pandemic is limited by a number of misconceptions and insufficient information about laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 to confirm the disease. This includes a lack of awareness about procedures for the collection, transport, testing, and handling of biological samples for COVID diagnosis. This article provides an overview of the current laboratory diagnostic methods with a purpose to provide information and guidance to laboratories, stakeholders, broader community and especially public health professionals involved in laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2.
Customer Experience Monitoring: A Study of Zambian Banks
Authors: Simwanza Martha Mumbi , Awolusi Olawumi Dele
Published: May 2020

The fast growing level of competitiveness and fundamental amendments in the world of business especially in the banking sector nowadays are pushing firms and for that matter banks to implement a customer-based strategy, which proves the importance of customer experience monitoring constructs such as customer experience and satisfaction, quality of service, and customer loyalty in explaining a bankâ€™s performance. Consequently, this study seeks to develop and empirically test customer experience monitory and evaluation and also to study the influences of service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the Zambian banking industry. A survey was conducted with banking customers on many validated questions, based on which we got 107 valid responses. The data was processed to produce the valuable results and Quantitative Data Analysis (QDA), via simple regression analysis and ANOVA. The findings and analysis of data shows that quality of service provided and customer satisfaction are important when monitoring the experience of customers based on the effects of quality of service and customer loyalty and there returns thereafter. Based on the data analyzed, the study concluded that customer experience has positive impact on customer loyalty and banks must ensure that their customer walk out with good experience by monitoring this periodically to adapt or adjust to current trends. The study also observed a significant relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The theoretical and managerial implications of the study confirmed the theoretical framework. Consequently, the following recommendations were contrived: staffs of financial institutions should create a friendly environment with their customers. The Bankâ€™s environment should be conducive, attractive, decent and enabling enough to psychologically assure their customer of the best of service. Also, there should be a routine high quality of service delivered to customers and their views sorted routinely. This may help boost and also add to the value of experience of customers, thus their total satisfaction on the Bankâ€™s service.
Reinventing Appropriate Strategies for Curriculum Development and Implementation in Technical Vocational Education and Training in Nigeria for Global Competitiveness
Authors: OVIAWE JANE ITOHAN , Anetekhai Agnes Omokhekpe
Published: May 2020

Technical Vocational education and Training (TVET) has been accepted the world over as a vital tool for achieving sustainable development and global competitiveness. However, TVET in Nigeria are faced with enormous issues such as inadequate funding, inadequate human resources, poor infrastructural facilities, among others which are militating against TVET as a means of achieving sustainable development and global competitiveness. Towards addressing these issues, there is need to embrace global partnership for quality TVET. Hence, this paper examines the concept of  TVET, the teaching structure of TVET under the Nigerian Education system with a view to reinventing appropriate strategies for development and implementation of an effective curriculum that will bring about qualified and well trained professionals of for sustainable national development and global competitiveness.

Keywords: TVET, Curriculum Development, Public-Private Partnership, Global                                                     Competitiveness
Tradisi Doa Berantai dan Inklusi Sosial Keagamaan di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Asyhabuddin Asyhabuddin
Published: May 2020

This paper seeks to examine the tradition of chain prayer and religious social inclusion in Kepung Village, Kediri Regency. The idea of this paper came from the growing religious conflict. The inhabitants of Kepung village in Kediri, East Java district, have a unique method to build harmonious relations between religions amid the potential conflicts of religious diversity they have. The data were obtained by interviewing people in Kepung Village, Kediri Regency. That method is a tradition of chain prayer which is carried out as a series of village cleaning traditions every month of Sura in the Javanese calendar. This tradition fosters social religious inclusion because this tradition builds inclusive religious attitudes, inclusive religious policies, and guarantees access and active participation of religious social groups. In addition, this tradition also narrows ethnic distance because it can provide the expectations of minority religious groups, thus generating trust between religious groups.

 

Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengkaji tentang tradisi doa berantai dan inklusi sosial keagamaan di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri. Ide tulisan ini berasal dari semakin berkembangnya konflik keagamaan, warga desa Kepung di kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur memiliki cara unik untuk membangun keharmonisan hubungan antar agama di tengah potensi konflik keragaman agama yang mereka miliki. Data-data diperoleh dengan wawancara kepada orang-orang di Desa Kepung Kabupaten Kediri. Cara itu adalah tradisi doa berantai yang dilakukan sebagai rangkaian dari tradisi bersih desa setiap bulan Sura dalam penanggalan Jawa. Tradisi ini memupuk inklusi sosial keagamaan karena tradisi ini membangun sikap keagamaan inklusif, kebijakan keagamaan inklusif dan menjamin akses dan partisipasi aktif kelompok minoritas keagamaan. Selain itu, tradisi ini juga mempersempit ethnic distance karena mampu memberikan ekspektasi kelompok keagamaan minoritas, sehingga memunculkan rasa percaya (trust) antar kelompok keagamaan yang ada.
An Application on Prisoners Treatment Model Based of Islamic Religion in The Correctional Institusions
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Irma , Wirasaputri Nina Mirantie
Published: May 2020

Guidance for prisoners is carried out in Correctional Institution. This must be in line with the objectives of treatment so that what is emphasized in the treatment process is a model of fostering prisoners. The problems in this article are first, what the form of treatment model for prisoners in Correctional Institutionat this time is; and second, how the development of Islamic-based treatment models is applied to prisoners at Correctional Institution. This article uses empirical legal research with socio legal approach. The specifications in this article are descriptive analytical research specifications and studies conducted in Corrections Institutions. The results of the discussion in this article show that the model of treament for prisoners carried out in the Correctional Institution is currently based on the principle of correctional guidance. namely individual treatment and classical treatment. Renewal of the development of a model of treatment for prisoners can be done religiously, which prioritizes a religious approach that aims to create soft skills, namely treatment the of repentance and the character of trust in prisoners themselves.
Governance, institutional stewardship and local identity: the Area Regional Territorial Plans experience in Lombardy
Authors: Adobati Fulvio , Garda Emanuele
Published: May 2020

This paper analyses the planning implementation conducted by the Lombardy Region, in two different inter-municipal realities, as a useful example in a local context: the Area Regional Territorial Plan Alpine Valleys and the Area Regional Territorial Plan of the Franciacorta geographical area. These two complex experiences suggest positive conditions for the implementation of policies of Urban-Rural/Mountain partnerships to reach common goals and enhance urban-rural relationships, and complex institutional/administrative frameworks for activating multi-level governance processes.
Weighted Local Times of a Sub-fractional Brownian Motion as Hida Distributions
Authors: Suryawan Herry Pribawanto
Published: May 2020

The sub-fractional Brownian motion is a Gaussian extension of the Brownian motion. It has the properties of self-similarity, continuity of the sample paths, and short-range dependence, among others. The increments of sub-fractional Brownian motion is neither independent nor stationary. In this paper we study the sub-fractional Brownian motion using a white noise analysis approach. We recall the represention of sub-fractional Brownian motion on the white noise probability space and show that Donsker's delta functional of a sub-fractional Brownian motion is a Hida distribution. As a main result, we prove the existence of the weighted local times of a $d$-dimensional sub-fractional Brownian motion as Hida distributions.
La implantación de una child-friendly justice en el sistema de enjuiciamiento penal en España
Authors: Navarro Villanueva Carmen
Published: May 2020

La child-friendly justice aboga por un sistema de justicia que garantice el respeto y la efectiva implementación de todos los derechos del niño. Los efectos que el encarcelamiento del cuidador principal del niño causa en éste suelen ser devastadores. Por esa razón, se hace necesario introducir en nuestro proceso penal aquellas medidas que puedan, al menos, minimizar los perniciosos efectos que la prisión del adulto a cargo de menores pueda ocasionar en estos últimos. Consecuentemente, este trabajo analiza las eventuales medidas a adoptar desde el inicio del proceso penal contra el cuidador principal de un niño hasta el cumplimiento, en su caso, de la pena impuesta.

menores; encarcelamiento; alternativas a la prisión; interés superior del menor.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Market in Hatay Province and Development Opportunities
Authors: Çelik Ahmet Duran , Gül Aykut
Published: May 2020

Hatay province has a rich ecosystem that medicinal and aromatic plants grow naturally all across the province. There are about 2.000 flowery plants in the vegetative pattern of the province, and it is around 300 of them are endemic plants. The main purpose of this study was to present the production and processing structure of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) which are commonly traded in the Hatay Province of Turkey. In addition, it was aimed to examine the problems of the sector in the Province, and to bring solutions about those problems. According to the research results: in Hatay Province, MAPs are mostly collected from nature; in terms of local processing enterprises, there are problems about obtaining sufficient raw materials; and spice plants are marketed as semi-processed to the other districts. There is a lack of producer organization of MAPs in the region. In order to improve MAPs industry in the province, it is necessary to establish a MAPs coordination and management unit where all shareholders are represented. It should be focused on: extending MAPs cultivation, providing subsidies for producers and processing enterprises, developing effective marketing and publicity strategies for target markets, and establishing a MAPs research institution.
Integration of SWOT Analysis with Remote Sensing Method as a Sustainable Planning and Management tool for Protected Areas
Authors: Atasoy Murat
Published: May 2020

Protected areas are one the most important nature conservation landscapes and during the last few decades, the importance of natural areas have been considered as a priority for lifestyle preferences of people around the world. Karatepe Aslantaş National Park is one of the examples for these protected areas in Turkey, however; there have been limited studies focusing on the preservation and development of a socioeconomic plan for the aforementioned national park. Therefore, this study aims to develop planning and management priorities of Karatepe Aslantaş National Park and determine tourism potential towards future-oriented conservation. In this regard, a SWOT analysis was performed to develop sustainable planning and design proposals. To determine the historical transformation of a protected area and its surroundings, Land use/land cover-change (LUCC) detection was performed using Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat TIRS/OLI satellites images of the study area for the years 1990 and 2018. The results showed that in 1990, the mixed forest class dominated the study area (2376.6 ha), likewise, it was the most effective land cover class in 2018 (2178.14 ha). Agricultural land with natural vegetation class occupied the second largest area for both 1990 and 2018 with 1264.72 ha and 880.13 ha, respectively. A marked decrease was found for the transitional woodland/shrubs cover (565.8 ha in 1990 to 330.35 ha in 2018). Among the all land use classes, the highest percentage of change was found for broad-leaved forest cover at 200% between 1990 and 2018, while the lowest percentage of change occurred to water bodies with 8.82% in the same time frame. Regarding the findings, management proposals have been developed to conserve the protected area considering its tourism potential and archeological heritage values. Therefore, it is recommended that the lack of planning and management strategies needs to be fulfilled as a legal commitment by government agencies.
Propolis and Potential Use in Food Products
Authors: Demir Özer Ezgi
Published: May 2020

Propolis is attracting great interest due to functional effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer. Therefore, studies about the use of propolis in food products and increasing propolis consumption in human nutrition have increased in recent years. Propolis contains phenolic compounds, essential oils, aromatic acids and waxes which are responsible for biological effects. Many factors such as plant resources, geographical regions and environmental conditions affect the chemical composition of propolis. Propolis enrichment in food products to improve the nutritional value, quality and functionality of food have been investigated in many studies. Furthermore, it was reported that propolis can meet the demand of consumers about the use of natural food additive in food manufacturing. The aim of the present study was to introduce the physicochemical composition and biological activity of propolis and review the studies about its applications in food products.
Mikrokapsüllenen Zeytin Çekirdeği Antioksidan Bileşiklerinin Fiziksel Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Depolama Stabilitesinin Kinetik Modellenmesi
Authors: Nakilcioğlu Taş Emine , Ötleş Semih
Published: May 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, zeytin çekirdeği antioksidan bileşiklerinden elde edilen mikroenkapsüllerin su aktivitesi, renk, partikül özellikleri, yığın özellikleri ve rekonstitüsyon özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve mikrokapsüllerin -20Â°C, 4Â°C ve 25Â°C olmak üzere üç farklı sıcaklıkta 6 ay süre ile depolanmasıyla polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki değişimin kinetik modellemeyle incelenmesidir. Mikrokapsüllerin 0,43 su aktivitesi değerine, az kırmızılık içeren parlak açık sarı renge ve homojen olmayan oyuklu partiküllere sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Higroskobik (%32,47) ve yüksek kekleşme özelliğine (%61,32) sahip olduğu, ıslanabilirlik (52 dk) ve dağılabilirliğinin (%34,44) düşük olduğu ve uygun yığın yoğunluğu (0,26 g/cm3) ve sıkıştırılmış yoğunluk (%0,33 g/cm3) değerlerini sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Mikrokapsüllerin akabilirlik (CI:22,65) ve yapışkanlık (HR:1,29) davranışları kabul edilebilir düzeydedir. Ayrıca depolama sonucunda polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki değişimin (yüzey polifenol miktarı ve mikroenkapsülasyon etkinliği hariç) birinci dereceden kinetik modelle en iyi açıklanabildiği bulunmuştur. Her depolama sıcaklığında incelen tüm bileşiklere ait kinetik katsayılar (reaksiyon hız sabiti (k), yarılanma süresi (t1/2) ve Q10 değeri) hesaplanmıştır. Depolama boyunca mikrokapsüllerin polifenol ve antioksidan içeriğindeki korunumun en iyi olduğu sıcaklığın 4Â°C, en kötü olduğu sıcaklığın ise -20Â°C olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zeytin çekirdeği antioksidan bileşiklerinden elde edilen mikroenkapsüllerin özellikle 4Â°C‘de depolanan gıdaların hem fonksiyonelliğinin artırılması hem de raf ömrünün uzatılması amacıyla kullanıma uygun olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Farklı Buğday Çeşitlerinde Bitki Büyüme İndisi İle Toprak Elektriksel İletkenlik Değerleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Yegül Uğur , Eminoğlu Maksut Barış , Şen Burak , Kuşçu Savaş
Published: May 2020

Araştırma, Ankara Üniversitesine bağlı Haymana Araştırma ve Uygulama çiftliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı buğday çeşidi (Kırgız-95, Kırkpınar-79, Svevo) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı toprağın elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri (EC, mS m-1) ile bitki büyüme indisi (BBİ) veya NDVI olarak tanımlanan parametrelerin belirlenerek, bu parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada; EM38, elektriksel iletkenlik sensörü ve GreenSeeker (bitki büyüme indisi tespit sensörü) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen değerler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilerek (regresyon analizi) iki parametre arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, toprağın elektriksel iletkenlik değerleri ile bitki büyüme indis değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler negatif yönde (R2) sırasıyla Kırgız-95 çeşidi için 0,7718, Kırkpınar-79 çeşidi için 0,7675 ve Svevo çeşidi için 0,7807 olarak bulunmuştur.
The Effect of Pneumonic Pasteurellosis on Apoptosis and Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Lungs in Calves
Authors: Yavuz Orhan , Çağdaş Dinçel Güngör
Published: May 2020

Pneumonic Pasteurellosis (PP) is an infectious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, mostly observed in cattle, sheep and calves. PP is characterized by fibrinous bronchopneumonia and pleuritis in the lungs. In this study, it was aimed to determine Caspase-3, Caspase-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressions by immunohistochemical methods in the lungs suffered from PP. For this purpose, twenty lung tissues were collected from calves with PP. For the Control Group, ten lungs of calves were collected from Aksaray Slaughterhouse. After necropsies of calves were confirmed to be PP by bacteriological examinations. Then the routine histological process was performed to tissues, and stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin for histopathology, and Caspase-3, Caspase-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase antibody staining for immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical findings indicated that Caspase-3, Caspase-9, inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase positive reactions were seen in alveolar, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia, and desquamated inflammatory cells in the lumens. In addition, the peripheral neural extensions were immunopositive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial cell were positive for inducible nitric oxide synthase. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of expressions of molecules such as Caspase and nitric oxide synthase. These results show that apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase expressions have triggered by airway epithelia and inflammatory cells in the lungs with Pneumonic Pasteurellosis in calves.
Determination of Antioxidant and Oxidant Potentials of Thymbra spicata Collected from Duhok-Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Falah Saleh , Şabik Ali Erdem , Sevindik Emre , Pehlivan Mustafa , Sevindik Mustafa
Published: May 2020

In this study, antioxidant, oxidant and oxidative stress index of Thymbra spicata L. collected from Duhok (Iraq) region were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with ethanol. Rel Assay Diagnostics kits were used for detect TAS, TOS and OSI values. As a result of the studies, it was determined that TAS value of plant extract was determined 8.399±0.102, TOS value was 6.530±0.115 and OSI value was 0.078±0.001. As a result, it was determined that T. spicata has high antioxidant potential and in this context, can be used as a natural resource.
Genetic Algorithm-Based Anisotropic Diffusion Filter and Clustering Algorithms for Thyroid Tumor Detection
Authors: Abbas W. A.
Published: May 2020

Medical imaging is a technique that has been used for diagnosis and treatment of a large number of diseases. Therefore it has become necessary to conduct a good image processing to extract the finest desired result and information. In this study, genetic algorithm (GA)-based clustering technique (K-means and Fuzzy C Means (FCM)) were used to segment thyroid Computed Tomography (CT) images to an extraction thyroid tumor. Traditional GA, K-means and FCM algorithms were applied separately on the original images and on the enhanced image with Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (ADF). The resulting cluster centers from K-means and FCM were used as the initial population in GA for the implementation of GAK-Mean and GAFCM. Jaccard index was used to study resemblance, dissimilarity, distance between two sets of images, and effect of ADF on enhancing the CT images. The results showed that ADF increases the segmentation accuracy, where the value of Jaccard index of similarity between the ground truth image and segmented image was increased for all segmentation algorithms, in particular for FCM  and GAFCM where  similarity percent was up to 88%.
External Switching Dynamics of Optical Bistability System Simulation
Authors: Khidhir Ali Hassan
Published: May 2020

In this work, the external switching dynamics of a Fabry-Perot etalon are studied via optical bistability system simulation. The simulated set-up of this investigation consists of two laser beams; the first beam is continuous (CW) which is considered as a biasing beam and capable of holding the bistable system for a certain range, which we are interested in, from a point that is very close self-switching to a point where the switching is unachievable. The second beam is modulated by passing the first beam through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to produce pulses with a minimum rise time and is used as an external source (coherent switching). In this work, we obtained the optical bistable loops by applying absorption coefficient (Î±) = 20cm-1, e sample etalon thickness (D) = 110Î¼m, forward mirror reflectivity (Rf) = 0.6, and backward mirror reflectivity (Rb) = 0.95. The steady state characteristic of an initial detuning of the cavity (Ï†0) = 0.8 was studied at the conditions of no external input pulse intensity (M(t) = 0) and switching that takes place at Is(ON)= 0.57mW and Is(OFF) = 0.4mW.
Invertible Operators on Soft Normed Spaces
Authors: Aboud Sabah , Abdul Hassan Buthaina
Published: May 2020

Despite ample research on soft linear spaces, there are many other concepts that can be studied. We introduced in this paper several new concepts related to the soft operators, such as the invertible operator.  We investigated some properties of this kind of operators and defined the spectrum of soft linear operator along with a number of concepts related with this definition; the concepts of eigenvalue, eigenvector, eigenspace are defined. Finally the spectrum of the soft linear operator was divided into three disjoint parts.
Morphological and Molecular Identification of Three Genera of the Family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) from Ava Sheen Branch/ Greater Zab Tributary, North of Iraq
Authors: Khudhur Shelan Mustafa , Shekha Yahya Ahmed
Published: May 2020

The aquatic Heptageniidae family of Ava-sheen branch (Greater Zab Tributary) in Duhok Governorate/ Iraq was studied. Samples were collected using Surber stream sampler to study their diagnostic morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic profile using a nuclear gene 16s ribosomal RNA. The morphological and molecular identification supported that the three species, Epeorus longimanus, Heptagenia elegantula and Ephemerella cornutus belong to Heptageniidae family, while the molecular results also confirmed the monophyletic origin of these three genera.
Evaluation of Serum Clusterin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Men with and without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Fayez Safa S. , Rashied Rashied. M. , Al-Alaaraji Shakir F.T.
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate serum levels of clusterin (CLU) in type 2 diabetics with and without cardiovascular disease and to explore possible correlations with insulin resistance and related progression of cardiovascular disease in Iraqi men.

Methods: Sixty-three T2DM patients, including forty-two with cardiovascular disease (CVD), were divided into three subgroups; twenty-one with myocardial infraction (MI), twenty-one with other CVD, and twenty-one without any cardiac complication. In addition, a group of twenty-one men served as healthy controls (HCs) for comparison purposes. The four groups were analyzed for parameters that included fasting serum glucose (FSG), lipid profile, fasting serum insulin (FSI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cardiac Troponin-I (cTn-I),  CK-MB, and some other biochemical variables.

Results: Our results showed that the serum CLU levels were higher in T2DM with MI than  the other groups of patients, while the levels were significantly elevated in the entire T2DM group as compared to the control group. Serum levels of CLU showed significantly positive correlations with cTn-I and CK-MB (r= 0.658 p < 0.01and r = 0.575, p < 0.01 , respectively), whereas the correlation with HDL-C was negative. However, the other parameters exhibited weak correlations with serum CLU levels.

Conclusions: CLU participates in the event of cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance    in Iraqi males with T2DM and may be used as predictor for CVD development in T2DM patients.
The Association Between IL-2 Gene (RS2069763 (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Malkey Maysaa Kadhim
Published: May 2020

This research attempts to find the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of IL2+166 gene (rs2069763) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sample of Iraqi patients. A total of 44 patients and 55 apparently healthy volunteers were genotyped for the SNP using polymerase chain reaction test. Three genotypes (GG, GT, and TT) corresponding to two alleles (G and T) were found to have SNP. Both study groupsâ€™ genotypes had a good agreement for the analysis of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. The results revealed increased frequencies between the observed and expected GG and TT genotypes and IL2+166 SNP T allele in T2DM  patients (40.9 vs. 40.0 %; OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.47 - 2.31), whereas the values in the control group were 11.4 vs. 9.1 %; OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 0.35 - 4.68. Nevertheless, both variations did not reach a significant level. In the Iraqi population, the IL2+166 SNP was not associated with T2DM and, therefore, no association with its etiopathogensis was found.
Audit Pelaksanaan Program Imunisasi BCG di Puskesmas Kota Semarang Tahun 2019 (Studi pada Puskesmas Rowosari dan Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon)
Authors: Setyawan Arif , Adi M M. Sakundarno , Widijanarko Bagoes
Published: May 2020

Proporsi kasus TB anak di antara kasus baru Tuberkulosis Paru yang tercatat di Jawa Tengah tahun 2017 sebesar 9,80%, hal ini mengalami kenaikan jika dibandingkan proporsi TB anak tahun 2016 yaitu 6,47% angka tersebut masih berada di atas target dari Kementrian Kesehatan yang hanya menetapkan 12%. Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon menjadi Puskesmas dengan cakupan imunisasi BCG terendah se-Kota Semarang pada tahun 2017 yaitu hanya mencapai 43% dan 89,6% pada tahun 2018 dan Puskesmas Rowosari merupakan Puskesmas dengan capaian tertinggi pada tahun 2017 yaitu 163% dan 111% pada tahun 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan audit pelaksanaan program imunisasi BCG di Puskesmas Rowosari dan Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif terdiri dari delapan orang. Analisis data menggunakan Content Analysis. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa sumber daya manusia penanggungjawab pelaksana imunisasi BCG (Man) di Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon mengalami kekurangan tenaga kesehatan dan double job, anggaran pelaksana imunisasi BCG (Money) kedua puskesmas sama-sama bersumber dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang, standarisasi pelaksana imunisasi BCG (Methods) terkait buku pedoman pelaksanaan imunisasi BCG pada kedua puskesmas sudah tersedia akan tetapi pelaksanaan SOP masih belum terlaksana dengan baik, kualitas vaksin BCG (Materials) kedua puskesmas masih belum menggunakan thermometer digital untuk mengukur suhu vaksin serta ketersediaan vaksin di kedua puskesmas tersebut sudah cukup baik melalui aplikasi Si Manis (Sistem Informasi Instalasi Farmasi), dan peralatan imunisasi BCG (Machines) kedua puskesmas sudah disediakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang walaupun di Puskesmas Tlogosari Kulon pernah mengalami kekurangan alat suntik yang tidak sesuai dengan jumlah bayi yang diimunisasi.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Medical Check Up Guna Mempercepat Pelayanan MCU di RSUD Brebes
Authors: Gunawan Indra , Agushybana Farid , Kartasurya Martha Irene
Published: May 2020

Rumah Sakit Brebes belum menggunakan sistem informasi dalam layanan pemeriksaan medis sementara itu hanya digunakan di bagian pendaftaran. Selain itu, hasil pemeriksaan medis masih diproses secara manual, sehingga dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu 3 hari hingga 1 minggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem informasi pemeriksaan medis untuk mempercepat layanan pemeriksaan medis di Rumah Sakit Brebes. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Ini membantu untuk melanjutkan analisis masalah dan kebutuhan pengguna. Desain sistem informasi diselesaikan dengan metode air terjun melalui 4 langkah, seperti analisis dan definisi kebutuhan, desain sistem, implementasi dan pengujian unit, serta integrasi dan pengujian sistem. Pengujian sistem menggunakan pengujian Black Box. Bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah versi php yang>> = 5.6 dan kerangka depan Codeigniter. Sementara, antarmuka menggunakan HTML, CSS dengan Framework Bootstrap, Javascript dengan database MySQL. Penelitian ini melibatkan 20 orang yang mengelola sistem informasi pemeriksaan medis di Rumah Sakit Brebes. Hasilnya dijelaskan dalam bentuk sistem informasi pemeriksaan medis, yang mengintegrasikan proses dan hasil pemeriksaan medis, serta laporan pemeriksaan medis keseluruhan pasien. Kualitas informasi tentang pengembangan sistem meningkat dalam semua aspek, yaitu ketersediaan, kenyamanan, kesesuaian, kelengkapan dan ketepatan waktu, dengan skor rata-rata tertimbang sebelum pengembangan 1,91 dan setelah pengembangan 3,16, sehingga terjadi peningkatan 1,25. Pengujian Black Box di entri akhir dan administrasi bagian pemeriksaan kesehatan menunjukkan tindakan pengguna dan respons sistem dilakukan dengan baik dan sesuai dengan tujuan pengguna sistem. Sistem informasi pemeriksaan medis ini dapat mempercepat layanan pemeriksaan medis. Disarankan bahwa Rumah Sakit Brebes harus menerapkan sistem informasi pemeriksaan medis untuk layanan pemeriksaan medis.
Kebiasaan Merokok Menurunkan Nafsu Makan Buruh Batako
Authors: Huriyati Nila Alfi , Amareta Dahlia Indah
Published: May 2020

Kebiasaan merokok menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Hasil survei Riskesdas pada tahun 2018, prevalensi perokok di Indonesia selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Selain itu, beredar anggapan dikalangan para pekerja berat khususnya pekerja buruh batako di Desa Wringinputih tentang merokok dapat memberikan energi meskipun tanpa makan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok dengan frekuensi makan dan tingkat konsumsi energi pada buruh batako. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Wringinputih Kecamatan Muncar. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 42 orang. Peenelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel secara acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) menggunakan teknik undian (lottery technique). Data Kebiasaan merokok dan frekuensi makan diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan data tingkat konsumsi energi diperoleh dari wawancara Recall 24 jam yang kemudia dibandingkan dengan AKG. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji Chi-Square. Hasil analisis menujukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kebiasaan merokok dengan frekuensi makan dan tingkat konsumsi energi pada buruh batako (p-value=0,028 dan p-value= 0,001). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan frekuensi makan dan tingkat konsumsi energi.
Implementation Of Hindu Religious Education Curriculum In Pasraman Rsi Markandeya Taro, Gianyar District
Authors: Sutriyanti Ni Komang , Dharmawan I Made
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out (1) Implementation of Hindu Religious Education Curriculum in PasramanRsiMarkandya Taro, Gianyar Regency, (2) The constraints faced in the Implementation of Hindu Religious Education Curriculum in Pasraman Rsi Markandya Taro, Gianyar Regency and (3) Efforts that undertaken to overcome the obstacles encountered in the Implementation of the Hindu Religious Education Curriculum in Pasraman Rsi Markandya Taro, Gianyar Regency. The theories that used in this research to answer the problem formulation are modern management theory, constructivism theory and excitement theory. This research is descriptive research with qualitative approach which is related to the implementation of the Hindu religious education curriculum in Pasraman Rsi Markandya Taro. The techniques of data collection used are: observation, interviews, study of literature and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative techniques, the Miles and Huberman cycle analysis models. The results of the research showed that: First, the implementation of Hindu religious education in Pasraman Rsi Markandeya Taro, Gianyar District had not been running optimally and there were still a lot of constraints, so it was necessary to conduct evaluations and follow up actions as well as acceleration of the expansion of facilities and infrastructure. Second, the constraints faced are human resources, time allocation, funding and facilities and infrastructure. Third, the efforts were done to solve the constraints encountered, namely providing training to teachers, developing learning programs and utilizing effective learning resources.
Hinduism Theological Study On Albinism Phenomenon
Authors: Gama I Wayan , Prima Dewi PF Kadek Aria
Published: May 2020

This study aims to investigate: 1) the views of the Pucang community about albinism, 2) the inheritance pattern of albinism, 3) preventive efforts to prevent the spread of albinism, and 4) the Hinduism theology related to albinism among the Pucang community. The methods used in data collection were interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review. The collected data was analyzed descriptively. There are 9 cases of people with albinism in Desa Adat Pucang. Albino sufferers were born from parents who are close relatives. The people of Desa Adat Pucang believe that albino sufferers were descended from Bethara Pancering Akasa and assume that albino sufferers might be sacrificed as caru(ceremonial offering) during the Panca Bali Krama and Eka Dasa Ludra ceremonies in Besakih Temple. Preventive efforts that can be done to decrease the number of albinism cases are including: 1) avoiding close-family marriages, 2) making ‘awig-awig’ (rules and regulations) which contains an appeal that close-family marriages are unfortunate and, 3) genetic counseling for couples who will be married and have been married , and 4) expanding the social interaction and education of Desa Adat Pucang in order to broaden the insights about albinism.
Indic Science of Consciousness: Chronological Relevance to the Indic Knowledge Traditions and Modern Science
Authors: Rukmini S
Published: May 2020

In the recent years there seems to be a renaissance of Indic knowledge traditions and this is quite evident from the growing interest among the modern researchers and scholars to unearth the great insights and knowledge that made ancient Indian civilization one of the unique in the world. India as a nation of rich spiritual heritage and diverse knowledge systems have become the most sort out nation across the globe in terms of wisdom and insights on the philosophy of mind and consciousness. Further, research findings in different fields of knowledge such as consciousness studies, health and healing, psychology and mental health, mathematics, physics, astronomy, economics, law and governance, archaeology and history are in good agreement and deeply correlated with the information inscribed in the ancient Indian scriptures. Ancient Indians deeply engrossed in understanding the ontological and epistemological basis of knowledge advocated Vedas as the ultimate source of knowledge.

Vedas are considered as the oldest repository of spiritual knowledge in the world, where the prime emphasis is on understanding the nature of mind and consciousness, as this forms the fundamental basis to Indic knowledge. So, here, we propose that the science of consciousness seems to be the first and foremost in the chronology in the world of knowledge. An intuitive and analytical framework that resulted from a deeper understanding of the nature of mind and consciousness paved the way for the development of different Indic knowledge systems. Inner insight emerged through this approach is embraced to understand the external world and formulate different theories and principles of Indic knowledge. From a chronological perspective, Indian science and wisdom emerged in the later stages of development of the science of consciousness. So, the aim of the present paper is to throw light on the Indic science of consciousness and examine chronology of the emergence of other fields of Indic knowledge.
Moral Character Education In Early Childhood In The Hindu Family
Authors: Adi Widnyana I Made , Sindhu Putra Ida Bagus Komang , Adi Saskara I Putu , Budiadnyana Anak Agung Ngurah , Juliawan I Nengah
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe the moral character education in early childhood in the Hindu family. Education itself is the noblest thing in achieving physical and spiritual perfection, education, which should begin to be instilled as early as possible, starting moral character education cultivation from the smallest environment, namely the family. In the family, children feel a peaceful and harmonious environment. The results showed that moral character education in early childhood in the Hindu family, in the beginning, children were taught about how to live the greatness of God by carrying out prayers or Tri Sandya three times a day. It was along with the introduction of spiritual songs to develop good behaviors and strengthen their diversity.
Multiculturalism In Hindu Religious Education Perspective
Authors: Subrahmaniam Saitya Ida Bagus , Suastika Arimbawa I Komang , Gaduh Acyutananda Wayan , Suryanti Putu Emy , Rahayu Ni Putu Ersa
Published: May 2020

Indonesia, like other developing countries, has social problems that are not simple. The economic crisis followed by various other crises made people aware of the importance of social capital. Social capital is the collective energy of the community in the form of togetherness, solidarity, cooperation, tolerance, trust, and responsibility of every society members in playing their duties and obligations. The development of dynamic society and social problems that continue to develop these days, require attention and sensitivity from all nation elements, not only from experts and observers of social problems but also the education world, especially concerning religious education which has a very strategic role as a vehicle and “agent of change” for the society. The pluralistic condition of Indonesia both in terms of ethnicity, race, religion, and social status makes an extraordinary contribution to the development and dynamics in society. Therefore, it is considered very important to provide a portion of religious education in a multicultural perspective in the Indonesian education system, both through substance and learning models. This is considered important to provide a briefing and foster the development of insight and personality, also train students' sensitivity in facing the social symptoms and problems that occur in society.