bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validación del protocolo de Producción de Semilla de Papa usando Ambientes Controlados (Sistema CETS), en especies cultivadas de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: J. Petrick, R. Bula4, F. de la Calle A.H. del Rio, C. Obregon, J.B. Bamberg,
Published: May 2020

Bajos niveles productivos de papa en el Perú y otros países de la región son atribuidos al poco uso de semilla de calidad y reciclaje de tubérculos contaminados. Por ello hay consenso en la necesidad de incorporar tecnologías de producción de semilla de calidad que sean efectivas y eficientes pero que sean consecuentes con la realidad de la papa en Latinoamérica. Este estudio examinó un sistema tecnológico de producción de semillas desarrollado por la compañía americana CETS de Wisconsin. Este sistema usa cámaras de crecimiento llamadas fitotrones donde los parámetros de crecimiento son todos controlados automáticamente. Las plantas pueden producir mini-tubérculos entre 60 y 70 días, permitiendo hasta seis cosechas por año. Para validar el uso de esta tecnología diez variedades nativas de ocho especies cultivadas de papa fueron usadas. Los resultados demostraron que las plantas completaron sus ciclos fenológicos y fisiológicos dentro de los rangos de tiempos establecidos. La producción de tubérculos fue variable, en algunos casos fue muy alta (Solanum x ajanhuiri) pero en otros fue solo moderada (S. phureja). En resumen, el sistema de CETS ofrece una posibilidad para la producción de semilla de calidad en variedades de papas nativas de la región. Este sistema podría también tener impacto en otras áreas como conservación de biodiversidad, mejoramiento genético e investigación básica.
Resúmenes del Tercer Taller de la Red de Cooperación Latinoamericana
Authors: De la Papa Revista Latinoamericana
Published: May 2020

El Tercer Taller de la Red de Cooperación Latinoamericana se realizó en Perú el 27 de mayo 2018 y tuvo como tema principal el Estudio del Tizón Tardío de las Solanáceas.
Editorial Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa. 1989. 2(1)
Authors: Rev. Alap Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa
Published: May 2020

Presentamos a la comunidad de "paperos" el segundo número(vol. 2 No. 1) de nuestra revista, lo cual nos llena de mucho orgullo ysatisfacción. En la actualidad se está trabajando en el tercer númeroy con la experiencia adquirida y la colaboración de todos los socios,podremos tenerla lista en menos tiempo.
El gusano blanco de la papa. Premnotrypes vorax (Hustache) en Colombia: II.- fluctuación de poblaciones de larvas en el campo
Authors: Valencia Luis
Published: May 2020

Los resultados que se presentan fueron obtenidos de experimentos de campo realizados durante 1988 en el lote 5 del Centro Nacional de Investigación "Tibaitatá" del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), cerca de Bogotá. Se investigó la fluctuación de las poblaciones de larvas de gusano blanco en un campo sembrado con el cultivar Monserrate en el que se encontró que las larvas aparecen en el campo con el inicio de la tuberización y aumentan conforme aumenta el peso fresco de los tubérculos de la planta. En otro experimento plantado con 3 cultivares de diferente período vegetativo (precoz, semiprecoz y tardío), se encontró que hubo sobreposición de generaciones. Las evaluaciones se hicieron una vez por semana a partir de los 40 días de la siembra practicando una cosecha secuencial. Los resultados se discuten con base en literatura de reciente publicación.Aceptado para publicación: Julio 18, 1989.
Evaluación de tres generaciones de polinización libre en seis progenies de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) provenientes de semilla (sexual)
Authors: Golmirzaie A. , Serquén F. , Ortíz R.
Published: May 2020

Seis familias correspondientes a tres generaciones de polinización libre fueron evaluadas para rendimiento de tubérculos por planta y por parcela, tasa de sobrevivencia de plantas y tasa de floración. Aún cuando hubo una tendencia decreciente en los registros de rendimiento por planta a medida que se avanzó en las generaciones de polinización libre (PL), se identificaron algunas progenies con un comportamiento positivo dentro de las generaciones. Se sugiere evaluar un mayor número de progenies por generación y también un mayor número de generaciones de polinización libre. Esto permitirá identificar aquellas progenies promisorias que puedan ser cultivadas por el mayor número posible de generaciones sin que sus caracteres agronómicos y reproductivos resulten afectados.
Potencial de resistencia a virus en especies silvestres de Solanum
Authors: Rodríguez Gilberto , Ochoa Carlos , Salazar Luis F.
Published: May 2020

Se evaluó la reacción de plántulas de 67 entradas de especies silvestres de Solanum a los virus: enrollamiento de la hoja (PLRV), virus Y de la Papa (PVY), virus X de la Papa (PVX), virus S de la Papa (PVS), virus Latente de los Andes (APLV), virus Moteado Andino (APMV) y al viroide del Tubérculo Ahusado (PSTVd). Se probaron: 33 entradas de Solanum acaule, 9 de S. bukasovii, 5 de S. colombianum, 2 de S. chomatofilum, 1 de S. coelestispetalum, 2 de S. marinasense, 2 de S. raphanifolium, 1 de S. tundalomense y 12 entradas no identificadas. Los estudios se realizaron entre 1980-1984 en las instalaciones del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), La Molina, Lima-Perú. Por las reacciones observadas se establecieron tres categorías o tipos de reacción: susceptibilidad, tolerancia y alta resistencia. S. acaule resultó ser altamente resistente para PLRV, PVY (inoculación mecánica de jugo infeccioso), PVX y PVS. Para APLV, la entrada OCH-13389 (espécimen no identificado) se mostró con alta resistencia.
Perspectivas del uso de la semilla (sexual) de papa en Nicaragua
Authors: Torres Fidel , González C. , Torres H. , Aguilar L. , Blandón P.
Published: May 2020

El Programa Nacional de Papa en Nicaragua investiga la posibilidad de empleo de la semilla sexual en la producción de tubérculo-semilla y/o papa para consumo. Los trabajos realizados en las zonas productoras de papa, ubicadas entre los 900 y 1330 msnm, están orientados hacia la producción de semilla híbrida y de polinización libre (PL) a partir de progenitores selectos. También a la evaluación y selección de progenies promisorias para la producción de tubérculos en almácigos, utilizables luego como tubérculossemillas en campos comerciales. En las zonas de mayor elevación y en los meses de marzo a junio se observaron las mejores condiciones para la producción de semilla. Los cruzamientos logrados con mayor facilidad fueron aquellos de Atzimba y Serrana-INTA (femeninos) con R128.6 y 7XY.1 (masculinos), con rendimientos de 1.07 a 0.74 g/planta. En la producción de semilla de PL, los clones DTO-28, DTO-33 y 7XY.1 tuvieron rendimientos de 0.40, 0.54 y 1.07 g de semilla por planta. Las progenies producidas por cruzamientos entre Atzimba y Serrana INTA con R128.6, 7XY.1, DTO-28 y DTO-33, evaluadas a 950 msnm tuvieron rendimiento similar de tubérculos (7.2 a 8.8 kg/m2); en cambio a 1330 msnm, las progenies Atzimba x R128.6, Atzimba x 7XY.1 y Atzimba x DTO-28 expresaron mejor su potencial de rendimiento alcanzado 11.8,10.4 y 9.4 kg/m2, respectivamente. Las cuatro progenies de PL locales, 7XY.1, DTO-28, DTO-33 y Desirée, rindieron 8.1, 6.4, 5.7 y 6.0 kg/m2, respectivamente.
Editorial Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa. 1993. 5-6(1)
Authors: Rev. Alap Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa
Published: May 2020

Editorial Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa. 1993. Volúmen 5 y Volúmen 6(1)
CONTROL GENÉTICO DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE POLEN 2n POR "HUSOS PARALELOS" EN PAPAS DIPLOIDES
Authors: Camadro Elsa L. , Ortiz Rodimiro , Iwanaga Masaru
Published: May 2020

Se utilizó un diseño de cruzamientos dialélicos para entrecruzar seis clones diploides productores de polen 2n por "husos paralelos", con amplia base de variabilidad heredable. Las progenies fueron evaluadas por producción de polen 2n en dos localidades en Perú. El porcentaje de las progenies que produjeron 1% o más de polen 2n varió entre 36% y 86% en Huancayo y 14% y 83% en San Ramón; sin embargo, no se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las 29 familias en las dos localidades. La Aptitud Combinatoria General (ACG), la Aptitud Combinatoria Específica (ACE) y los efectos maternos fueron significativos para el porcentaje de individuos que producían polen 2n y la frecuencia media de producción de polen 2n por familia, cuando se asumió la existencia de efectos fijos. Los valores de coincidencia de producción de polen 2n en las generaciones de plántula y clonal fueron altos (78%-83%). En cruzamientos recíprocos entre plantas "productoras" y "no productoras" de polen 2n, aproximadamente un cuarto a un tercio de la descendencia produjo este tipo de polen. La producción de polen 2n por "husos paralelos" tendría un control genético relativamente simple. Por ello, el carácter puede manejarse en el mejoramiento genético como si estuviera controlado por un solo gen.Aceptado para publicación: marzo 1,1993
Ampliación de la gama de hospedantes del "nematodo de la oca" Thecavermiculatus andinus n. sp. Golden et. al., 1983) en los Andes Peruanos
Authors: Franco Javier , Mosquera Papías
Published: May 2020

Ochenta y seis especies vegetales cultivadas y no cultivadas pertenecientes a 11 familias fueron evaluadas en invernadero como hospedantes del "nematodo de la oca" (Thecavermiculatus andinus n. sp.) Las especies que se comportaron como hospedantes muy eficientes por el desarrollo y multiplicación del nematodo además de la oca (O. tuberosa) fueron, el olluco (U. tuberosus), lupino (L. mutabilis), quinua (C. quinao), quinua silvestre (C. amaranticolor), bolsa de pastor (C. bursa-pastoris), yuyo (B .campestris), senecio (S. vulgaris), papa (S. tuberosum ssp. andigena) y tabaco silvestre (N. paniculata). Además el haba (V.faba), la mashua (T .tuberosus), y otras 24 especies vegetales son reportadas como hospedantes por primera vez. En esta forma se incluyen nuevas especies vegetales hospedantes a T.andinus, que amplían su gama de hospedantes a las familias Amaranthaceae. Cactaceae, Labiatae y Tropaeolaceae.
El efecto de diferentes virus sobre el rendimiento potencial de la papa en la sierra central del Perú
Authors: Scheidegger U.C. , Bertschinger L. , Luther K. , Pinillos O. , Muñoz J. , Hidalgo A.
Published: May 2020

Durante dos ciclos de cultivo, en 1985-86 y 1988-89, se investigaron los efectos de los principales virus sobre el rendimiento de papa en la sierra central del Perú a 3,200 msnm. Se utilizaron los cultivares mejorados Yungay y Mariva (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena x Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum) determinándose que los virus PLRV y PVY transmitidos por los áfidos, reducen hasta la mitad el rendimiento de una población originada en tubérculos-semilla sanos, en tanto que los virus transmitidos por contacto y sus combinaciones entre ellos, solamenteocasionaron una reducción significativa del rendimiento en el caso de poblaciones de baja densidad de siembra. Mientras más largos los estolones del cultivar, la densidad debía ser más baja para que se manifestara el efecto de los virus. En este trabajo se discuten la utilidad de los métodos empleados y su eficiencia para detectar los mecanismos de transmisión de los virus.Aceptado para publicación: agosto 29, 1996
Estudio Cuantitativo del Potencial Genotípico del Rendimiento de Cultivares de Papas Nativas andigena
Authors: Torres Gustavo Javier
Published: May 2020

Usando una población de 926 cultivares de papas nativas andigena y basado en datos del peso, número y tamaño promedio de tubérculos por planta, obtenidos en 7 campañas agrícolas (1979-80 a 1985-86), se probó la hipótesis de que el bajo rendimiento de los cultivares de papas nativas andigena se debe a que la mayor proporción de genotipos de la población son "endogámicos" de bajo valor genotípico medio, originados por autofecundación natural; y una menor proporción son genotipos "híbridos" intra-específicos de alto valor genotípico medio, originados por cruzamiento natural.Se encontró que el 54.1% de cultivares andigena eran "endogámicos" con una media de los valores genotípicos medios de 0.424 kg/planta; el 45.9% fueron "híbridos" con una media de los valores genotípicos medios de 0.820 kg/planta; y la diferencia entre dichas medias fue estadísticamente significativa.Las medias de los componentes genotípicos del número de tubérculos y del tamaño promedio de tubérculo de los cultivares "endogámicos" fueron 0.213 y 0.142 respectivamente; y las de los "híbridos" 0.326 y 0.248 respectivamente. Las diferencias entre las medias de los cultivares "endogámicos" e "híbridos", para cada componente genotípico resultaron estadísticamente significativas.Se infiere que el bajo valor genotípico medio, asociado con valores bajos de los componentes genotípicos del número y del tamaño promedio de tubérculo causan el bajo rendimiento del 54.1% de cultivares nativos andigena.Aceptado para publicación: agosto 1996.
Respuesta Fisiológica del Cultivo de Papa Cultivar Waych'a (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena) a Diferentes Densidades de Población de Nacobbus aberrans
Authors: Cusicanqui David , Franco Javier , Ortuño Noel
Published: May 2020

El comportamiento del cultivar Waych'a (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) fue evaluado en microparcelas inoculadas con ocho densidades (O, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 y 8 indv./g suelo) de Nacobbus aberrans. Las evaluaciones se efectuaron a los 90, 118 y 146 días de la siembra, considerando las variables agrofisiológicas: altura de planta, longitud radical, peso fresco del follaje y peso de la raíz, y las variables nematológicas (número de nódulos, fluctuación poblacional, número de hembras y machos por nódulo). A la cosecha (160 días) se determinó el peso total y por tamaño de los tubérculos. Las densidades iniciales del nematodo afectaron principalmente a las variables agrofisiológicas.El rendimiento total fue negativamente afectado en peso y número, conforme se incrementaron las densidades de N. aberrans. En las variables nematológicas, se observaron diferencias en la nodulación y proporción de sexos. Los nódulos disecados presentaron por lo menos una hembra en cada uno de los estadios. Aceptado para publicación: julio 1997.
Seis Cultivares Potenciales de Papa con Resistencia al Tizón Tardío (Phytophthora infestans) en Bolivia
Authors: Carrasco Enrique , Estrada Nelson , Gabriel Julio , Alfaro Gonzalo , Larondelle Yvan
Published: May 2020

El tizón tardío de la papa (Phytophthora infestans) es un problema serio en casi todas las zonas paperas de Bolivia. Esta enfermedad es causante de severas pérdidas en el cultivo de papa, llegando hasta un 100% si no se aplica ninguna medida de control. Por tanto para un control efectivo del tizón tardío de la papa se requieren numerosas aplicaciones de fungicidas, llegando en algunos casos a más de 10 durante el ciclo de cultivo. Ante este problema el Programa de Investigación de la Papa (PROINPA), ha venido seleccionando durante cinco años clones con resistencia a esta enfermedad provenientes del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) y del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA). Por evaluaciones anuales de una población inicial aproximada de 300 clones, se seleccionaron clones por su resistencia al tizón, altos rendimientos y buenos atributos agronómicos. Para evaluar eldaño por tizón tardío se usó la escala internacional propuesta por el CIP (1 = 0% daño a 9 = 97-100% daño), que sirvió para calcular el AUDPC (Área Bajo la Curva de Progreso de Phytophthora infestans), que conjuntamente al rendimiento y la calidad culinaria determinaron la selección de seis clones para su entrega como cultivares potenciales, con la activa participación de agricultores y técnicos de las zonas donde fueron conducidos los ensayos. Además se determinaron contenido de nutrientes y de glicoalcaloides de los seis cultivares potenciales, cultivados en dos regiones similares. Se analizó el nivel de glicoalcaloides de la variedad Robusta bajo dos condiciones de cultivo contrastadas.Aceptado para publicación: mayo de 1997
Determinación de Razas Fisiológicas y Tipo de Apareamiento en Aislamientos de Phytophthora infestans (Mont) De Bary
Authors: López Juan Bautista , Márquez María Elena , Jaramillo Sonia , Zapata José Luís
Published: May 2020

El problema más limitante del cultivo de la papa en muchas regiones del mundo, lo constituye la gota o tizón tardío ocasionado por el hongo Phytophthora infestans. Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar variaciones poblacionales de este patógeno, basadas en el tipo de apareamiento y en la presencia de razas fisiológicas en 19 aislamientos de P. infestans obtenidos en plantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum) variedades Diacol Capiro, ICA Puracé e ICA Cumanday; papa criolla (Solanum phureja), pepino (Solanum muricatum) y tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) en diferentes zonas del Departamento de Antioquia (Colombia).Los resultados obtenidos a partir de un apareamiento patrón A1, con los aislamientos colectados en las diferentes zonas sugieren la existencia de una población de P. infestans con un solo tipo de apareamiento. La prueba de virulencia del hongo, realizada en folíolos de 11 diferenciales de papa mostró la presencia de 6 razas fisiológicas, de las cuales la más frecuente fue la 7446 (58%), con los factores de virulencia 1-2-3-4-7-10-11. Aislamientos monozoospóricos presentaron los mismos factores de virulencia que sus respectivos aislamientos recolectados en el campo, lo que sugiere homogeneidad de la población fungosa. La gran complejidad de las razas fisiológicas de P. infestans podría estar influenciada por diversos factores genéticos y medioambientales.Aceptado para publicación: mayo 1997.
Una Nueva Plaga Potencial de Papa en Argentina, Maecolaspis bridarollii (Bechyné) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Eumolpinae)
Authors: Cabrera Nora , Alvarez Castillo Héctor A. , López Alicia N. , Vincini Ana
Published: May 2020

En muestreos realizados en cultivos de papa en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), se registró la presencia de un crisomélido eumolpino del género Maecolaspis (Bechyné) que ocasionaba severos daños en los tubérculos. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: identificar al adulto, aportar datos sobre su bionomía y características del daño que produce. Como resultado se cita por primera vez a Maecolaspis bridarollii (Bechyné) en este cultivo; se redescribe y se aportan nuevos caracteres discriminatorios. Se observó que, a partir de mediados de marzo, las larvas que alcanzaron un mayor desarrollo, dañan los tubérculos, haciéndoles perforaciones profundas que desmejoran su calidad comercial.Aceptado para publicación: abril 1997.
Avaliação de Genótipos de Batata Mantidos por Pequenos Produtores do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Souza Zilmar
Published: May 2020

Estado de Santa Catarina, localizado no sul do Brasil, possui diferentes condições climáticas que possibilita o cultivo da batata o ano todo. Existem diferentes épocas de plantios, colheitas e de níveis tecnológicos. Um grande número de pequenos produtores plantam para autoabastecimento ecomercializam parte da produção nos mercados locais. Eles utilizam baixo nível de tecnologia e usam a mesma batatasemente ha muitas gerações. Nestas pequenas lavouras existem muitos genótipos de origem pouco conhecida ou misturadas às cultivares comerciais. Este trabalho foi conduzidona Estação Experimental de São Joaquim / EPAGRI de 1988 a 1993, com o objetivo de avaliar as características de genótipos de batata coletados em pequenas lavouras e hortas domésticas. Um total de 350 genótipos aparentemente sadios, e aval lados sob media quantidade de fertilizantes e aplicação de defensivos agrícolas e sem irrigação. Dentre os 350 genótipos coletados, apenas 40 eram diferentes, e 21 deles apresentam potencial de uso comercial. No período 1992/93 foi realizada uma competição com 21 genótipos selecionados, sendo que a produção total variou de 22.3 t/ha a 66.1 t/ha, e a produção comercial (diâmetro maior que 45 mm) variou de 16.5 t/ha a 57.8 t/ha. Os genótipos SJ 89229, SJ 90428, SJ 82001 e SJ 90391 apresentaram produtividades similares as cultivares comerciais Baraka e Bintje. Alguns genótipos foram identificados como as cultivares Astrid e Porta de origem alema, Desiree holandesa e Tarpán polonesa. Os demais 19 genótipos selecionados sem valor comercial, mas com alta tolerância a doenças, pragas e condições de solo, serão mantidos para futuros trabalhos de melhoramento no sul do Brasil.Aceptado para publicación: Julio 1997.
Homomorphisms into Loop-Threshold Graphs
Authors: Cutler Jonathan , Kass Nicholas
Published: May 2020

Many problems in extremal graph theory correspond to questions involving homomorphisms into a fixed image graph. Recently, there has been interest in maximizing the number of homomorphisms from graphs with a fixed number of vertices and edges into small image graphs. For the image graph $H_\text{ind}$, the graph on two adjacent vertices, one of which is looped, each homomorphism from $G$ to $H_\text{ind}$ corresponds to an independent set in $G$. It follows from the Kruskal-Katona theorem that the number of homomorphisms to $H_\text{ind}$ is maximized by the lex graph, whose edges form an initial segment of the lex order. 

A loop-threshold graph is a graph built recursively from a single vertex, which may be looped or unlooped, by successively adding either a looped dominating vertex or an unlooped isolated vertex at each stage. Thus, the graph $H_\text{ind}$ is a loop-threshold graph. We survey known results for maximizing the number of homomorphisms into small loop-threshold image graphs. The only extremal homomorphism problem with a loop-threshold image graph on at most three vertices not yet solved is $H_\text{ind}\cup E_1$, where extremal graphs are the union of a lex graph and an empty graph. The only question that remains is the size of the lex component of the extremal graph. While we cannot give an exact answer for every number of vertices and edges, we establish the significance of and give bounds on $\ell(m)$, the number of vertices in the lex component of the extremal graph with $m$ edges and at least $m+1$ vertices.
On Density-Critical Matroids
Authors: Campbell Rutger , Grace Kevin , Oxley James , Whittle Geoff
Published: May 2020

For a matroid $M$ having $m$ rank-one flats, the density $d(M)$ is $\tfrac{m}{r(M)}$ unless $m = 0$, in which case $d(M)= 0$. A matroid is density-critical if all of its proper minors of non-zero rank have lower density. By a 1965 theorem of Edmonds, a matroid that is minor-minimal among simple matroids that cannot be covered by $k$ independent sets is density-critical. It is straightforward to show that $U_{1,k+1}$ is the only minor-minimal loopless matroid with no covering by $k$ independent sets. We prove that there are exactly ten minor-minimal simple obstructions to a matroid being able to be covered by two independent sets. These ten matroids are precisely the density-critical matroids $M$ such that $d(M) > 2$ but $d(N) \le 2$ for all proper minors $N$ of $M$. All density-critical matroids of density less than $2$ are series-parallel networks. For $k \ge 2$, although finding all density-critical matroids of density at most $k$ does not seem straightforward, we do solve this problem for $k=\tfrac{9}{4}$.
On Absolute Points of Correlations of $\mathrm{PG}(2,q^n)$
Authors: D'haeseleer Jozefien , Durante Nicola
Published: May 2020

Let $V$ be a  $(d+1)$-dimensional vector space over a field $\mathbb{F}$. Sesquilinear forms over $V$ have been largely studied when they are reflexive and hence give rise to a (possibly degenerate) polarity of  the $d$-dimensional projective space $\mathrm{PG}(V)$.  Everything is known in this case for both degenerate and non-degenerate reflexive forms if  $\mathbb{F}$  is either  ${\mathbb R}$, ${\mathbb C}$ or a finite field  ${\mathbb F}_q$.   In this paper we consider  degenerate, non-reflexive sesquilinear forms of $V=\mathbb{F}_{q^n}^3$. We will see that these forms give rise to degenerate correlations of $\mathrm{PG}(2,q^n)$ whose set of absolute points are, besides cones,  the (possibly degenerate) $C_F^m$-sets studied by Donati and Durante in 2014. In the final section we collect some  results from the huge work of B.C. Kestenband  regarding what is known for the set of  the absolute  points  of correlations in $\mathrm{PG}(2,q^n)$ induced  by a  non-degenerate, non-reflexive sesquilinear form of $V=\mathbb{F}_{q^n}^3$.
Spectrum of Signless 1-Laplacian on Simplicial Complexes
Authors: Luo Xin , Zhang Dong
Published: May 2020

We introduce the signless 1-Laplacian and the dual Cheeger constant on simplicial complexes.  The connection of its spectrum to the combinatorial properties like independence number,  chromatic number and dual Cheeger constant is investigated. Our estimates  can be comparable to Hoffman's bounds on Laplacian eigenvalues of simplicial complexes. An interesting inequality involving multiplicity of the largest eigenvalue, independence number and chromatic number is provided, which could be regarded as a variant version of Lovász sandwich theorem. Also, the behavior of 1-Laplacian under the topological operations of wedge and duplication of motifs is studied. The Courant nodal domain theorem in spectral theory is extended to the setting of signless 1-Laplacian on complexes.
Perfect State Transfer on Cayley Graphs over Dihedral Groups: The Non-Normal Case
Authors: Cao Xiwang , Chen Bocong , Ling San
Published: May 2020

Recently,  perfect state transfer (PST for short) on graphs has attracted great attention due to their applications in quantum information processing and quantum computations. Many constructions and results have been established through various graphs. However, most of the graphs previously investigated are abelian Cayley graphs. Necessary and sufficient conditions for Cayley graphs over dihedral groups having perfect state transfer were studied recently. The key idea in that paper is the assumption of the normality of the connection set. In those cases, viewed as an element in a group algebra, the connection set is in the center of the group algebra, which makes the situations just like in the abelian case. In this paper, we study the non-normal case. In this case, the discussion becomes more complicated. Using the representations of the dihedral group $D_n$,  we show that ${\rm Cay}(D_n,S)$ cannot have PST if $n$ is odd. For even integers $n$, it is proved that if ${\rm Cay}(D_n,S)$ has PST, then $S$ is normal.
A Note on Norine's Antipodal-Colouring Conjecture
Authors: Dvořák Vojtěch
Published: May 2020

Norine's antipodal-colouring conjecture, in a form given by Feder and Subi, asserts that whenever the edges of the discrete cube are 2-coloured there must exist a path between two opposite vertices along which there is at most one colour change. The best bound to date was that there must exist such a path with at most $n/2$ colour changes. Our aim in this note is to improve this upper bound to $(\frac{3}{8}+o(1))n$.
THE SECOND-HAND SMOKE IN PREGNANCY AND ITS IMPACT TOWARD LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN DISTRICT OF ACEH BESAR, ACEH PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Ampera Miko  , Satrinawati Berkat
Published: May 2020

Smoking does not only endangers the smokers themselves but will also harm the people around them. These are the non-smokers also called the passive smokers or second-hand smoke.In particular pregnant women who are the second-hand smoke can lead low birth weight (LBW) babies. This study aims to determine the impact of second- hand smoke in pregnancy toward LBW   in the district of Aceh Besar in 2016. A case control study was done in district of Aceh Besar, Aceh province, Indonesia. The total sample was 120 neonates (1:1), 60 neonates were LBW (cases) and 60 neonates were normal weight (controls). Data collection was doneusing a questionnaire filled in by the parents. The univariate analysiswas described with percentages and the Wald-Wolfowithz run test was used for the bivariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of mothers had a good knowledge about the dangers of smoking, ie 91 or 75.8%. Most of the mothers had positive attitudes for male smokers. The smoking men are considered normal and acceptable, consisting of 73 mothers or 60.8%.  All the mothers in this study were non-smokers (100.0%). The majority of the fathers were smokers, 88   or   73.3%, and most of them smoked around their   pregnant wife, 55 fathers or 62.5%.  The results of the bivariate analysis indicated there was a significant impact of the second-hand smoke toward the LBW (P value <0.05). It means, mothers as a second-hand smoke during pregnancy have a risk to born the LBW baby
PREVALENCE OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) USE IN MALAYSIAN ADULTS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS: A POPULATION-BASED SURVEY
Authors: S Maria Awaluddin  , Noor Ani Ahmad  , Balkish Mahadir Naidu  , Muslimah Yusof  , Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak  , Mohd Kamal Ariff Abdul Ghani
Published: May 2020

Chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with adverse effects. However, NSAIDs are among the most popular pain killers and easily available over the counter. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NSAIDs use in Malaysian adults and among those with chronic diseases such as arthritis, kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease and asthma. It also examined the factors associated with NSAIDs use. Data from the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011, a nation-wide survey was analysed. A total of 18231 respondents aged 18 years and above responded to this module. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between NSAIDs use and associated factors. The overall prevalence of NSAIDs use among Malaysian adults was 14.2% (95%CI 13.3-15.1). Of the respondents, 4.2% (95%CI 3.8-4.7) took NSAIDs once daily. NSAIDs use was highly associated with those who were ever-told to have arthritis (aOR: 3.03; 95%CI 2.60-3.52) and have difficulty of performing daily activities or work (aOR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.86-2.28). Those who were ever-told to have kidney disease (aOR: 2.36; 95%CI 1.74-3.20), ever-told to have asthma (aOR: 1.36; 95%CI 1.17-1.58), ever-told to have heart disease (aOR: 1.34; 95%CI 1.08-1.65), known hypertension (aOR: 1.22; 95%CI 1.08-1.37) also were associated with NSAIDs use.  By socio-demographic profiles, NSAIDs use was positively associated with those who have government benefit scheme or private health insurance (aOR: 1.44; 95%CI 1.31-1.58), higher education level (aOR: 1.35; 95%CI 1.20-1.51), higher household income (aOR: 1.26; 95%CI 1.11-1.44, aOR: 1.12; 95%CI 1.02-1.24), currently working (aOR: 1.25; 95%CI 1.13-1.39) and female (aOR: 1.17; 95%CI 1.07-1.28). NSAIDs use was less likely among those aged 60 years and above (aOR: 0.83; 95% CI 0.72-0.97), Chinese (aOR: 0.41; 95% CI 0.36-0.47) and ‘Others’ ethnicity (aOR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.67-0.99) compared to Malay ethnicity. NSAIDs use is prevalent in Malaysian adults and associated with co-morbidities and higher socio-demographic status, thus appropriate awareness should be promoted and highlighted in the community.
PREVALENCE OF URINARY INCONTINENCE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DECLINED COGNITIVE AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION AMONG COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh  , Resshaya Roobini Murukesu  , Suzana Shahar
Published: May 2020

In this review we aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its association with declined cognitive and physical function among community dwelling older adults.  Literature review was performed using multiple online databases including MEDLINE, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library from June 2000 to April 2017. Hand searching of bibliographies of relevant studies was also carried out. The studies included of those conducted from within the last 17 years; assessed and compared according to population characteristics, definition of urinary incontinence, prevalence and its association with cognitive and physical functional decline. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria of this review. Prevalence rates of UI among community dwelling older adults ranged from 10% to 53% (median 32%). Physical functional decline in terms of mobility, locomotion and activities of daily living interruptions were found to be correlated with UI. Although limited, the existing evidence also showed an association between declined cognitive function and UI.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE-ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE QUESTIONNAIRE IN MALAY LANGUAGE FOR MALAYSIAN OLDER ADULT WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Kwai Ching Kan  , Ponnusamy Subramaniam  , Rosdinom Razali  , Shazli Ezzat Ghazali
Published: May 2020

The Quality of Life-Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD) questionnaire is a reliable, valid and popular outcome measure in dementia related studies. However, to date there is no published report on adopted version of QOL-AD in Malay language. Thus this preliminary study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the QOL-AD in Malay language for patients with dementia and to examine the level of agreement between patient-caregiver as a proxy reports on patient’s quality of life. A total of 65 patients with mild to moderate dementia and their caregivers were recruited from the psycho-geriatric clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre using a cross sectional study design. The QOL-AD was translated into Malay language using the standard guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of measure. The patient-caregiver dyads completed the QOL-AD in Malay language separately. Test-retest and internal consistency was evaluated for reliability and construct validity was tested with principal component factor analysis. The reliability of QOL-AD in Malay language was good with Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.82 and 0.79 and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.77 and 0.89 for patients and caregivers report respectively. Meanwhile a positive moderate agreement was achieved between patient and caregiver rating (r=0.60, p<0.01). The principal component factor analysis extracted 4 factors for both patient and caregiver reports which explained 66.02% (patients’ report) and 64.24% (caregivers’ report) of the total variance of the scale. As a conclusion, the QOL-AD in Malay language is a reliable and valid tool to measure the quality of life of people with mild to moderate dementia.
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS SUPPLEMENTARY IMMUNIZATION ACTIVITIES (SIA) AMONG MOTHERS IN CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Mohd Rohaizat Hassan  , Muhammad Afham Azman  , Chong Li Yong  , Tengku Mardhiah Tengku Nazmi  , Nurul Najwa Abdul Rashid  , Wan Nur Alya Shaqeera Wan Azmi  , Nazarudin Safian  , Noriah Hajib  , Al-abed Ali Ahmed Al-abed  , Hasanain Faisal Ghazi
Published: May 2020

Among the main reasons for re-emergence of vaccine preventable diseases were missed or incomplete immunization schedule. The supplementary immunization activity (SIA) is an important intervention done to provide complete immunization coverage among those children. Better outcome came along with good knowledge and perception on the program. Thus, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge and perception of the mothers towards SIA program. A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers with children ≤ 15 years old in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. Data was collected by interview using the guided questionnaire consists of four sections to assess the socio demographic, socio economic, knowledge and perception regarding SIA. The questionnaire was validated for internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha 0.461 for knowledge and 0.729 for perception. A total of 105 respondents with the median age of 33 years (IQR: 28-38) with majority of them are Malays (82.9%), Muslim (83.8%), married (97.1%) and (57.1%) with 1- 2 child in the family. Half of them were from low income family (46.7%) and had secondary education level (54.3%) and were housewives (47.6%). One third of the respondents (33%) never heard about SIA before. Overall had poor knowledge (82.9%) and perception (95.2%) towards SIA. There is a significant association between the level of knowledge on SIA with household income (χ^2=7.746, p=0.019) and occupation (χ^2=6.457, p<0.05). However, there was no significant association between the socio demographic and socio-economic factors and perception towards SIA. In conclusion, the knowledge and perception among mothers on SIA are still poor. More intensive health educations may be useful to be incorporated within the program implementation to increase the community understanding and perception towards SIA in the future.
SENSITIVITY & SPECIFICITY OF SCREENING TOOLS FOR POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Azreena Che Abdullah  , Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli  , Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat  , Anisah Baharom  , Norliza Ahmad
Published: May 2020

Postpartum depression is a depressive episode that can start at any point during the first year after childbirth. There are several tools that can be used for PPD screening. The need to define a predictive tool that is clinically useful and has acceptable sensitivity and sensitivity is important especially to be used in the primary care setting. This systematic review investigates the evidence of the sensitivity and specificity of screening tools used for PPD screening. The Standard for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracies (STARD) guidelines were used to conduct the review as a basis for our methodology. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springerlink databases between 2007 until 2017 were comprehensively searched EPDS and BDI instrument has sensitivity of more than 80% but findings for specificity was inconclusive. The heterogeneity across studies could be the result of methodological differences in validation of the instruments. In addition, these studies were conducted across continents and settings with different cultures, languages and resources. We have identified 5 different instruments used to screen for postpartum depression. The EPDS was the most validated instrument in the review and we found that EPDS and BDI have higher accuracy to screen postpartum depression because the sensitivity reported were more than 80%.
Healthcare Workers Knowledge, Attitude, and Availability of Facilities Toward Compliance Hand Hygiene
Authors: Noprianty Richa , Thahara Gendis Kintan Dwi
Published: May 2020

Failure to perform good hand hygiene is considered as an major cause of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). From the WHO data, compliance rate of nurses hand hygiene activity at the United States is about 50%, Australia 65% while in Indonesia 47%. This study aims to determine healthcare workers knowledge, attitude, and availability of facilities toward that affect hand hygiene compliance. This research method is analytical descriptive with cross-sectional approach. The object of data collection is an healthcare workers (nurse, doctor, and pharmacy) at General Hospitalin West Java as many as 51 samples. Sample selection using stratified sampling method with research instrument in the form of questionnaire and observation sheet about knowledge and attitude to hand hygiene adopted from WHO. The results of this study that obtained in the group of nurse were 48.6% doing imperfect hand hygiene and group of doctor respectively 80.0% and pharmacy were 100.0%. In terms of nurses knowledge about hand hygiene is 59.5%, doctor80.0% and pharmacy 50.0%. In terms of attitudes about the implementation of hand hygiene, the nurses group is 48.6%, doctors respectively 40% and pharmacy 50.00% have a positive attitude. In terms of facilities is 40.5% nurses stated available, doctors 20% and pharmacy 0.00%. There was a significant relationship between hand hygiene with knowledge (p = 0,019), attitude (0.004) and hand hygiene facility (p = 0.040).

 

Keywords: attitude, hand hygiene, health care, knowledge
Effect of Instructional Program on Knowledge Regarding Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Among Female University Students
Authors: Gudia Amel Dawod Kamel , Eswi Abeer Saad , Hamid Azza Ali Abd El , Hassan Soumaya Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Adolescents learn about Vulvo vaginal candidiasis (VVC) because its common clinical problem in female during this age throughout the world particularly in hot, subtropical climates. Annually in the United States there are approximately 13 million cases of vulvo vaginal candidiasis (VVC), resulting in 10 million gynecologic office visits per year. It is estimated that 75% of women will experience at least one episode in their lifetime, with a projected 50% of all female experiencing multiple episodes (Kamath, etal , 2014). Education in health is one of the key components of primary health care and one of the most vital health care requirements for female that must be considered much more in the primary health care system, particularly maternal and child health. Moreover Knowledge of how to prevent vaginal Candidiasis could save many female from frequent office visit, uncomfortable vaginal infections and prevent complications of it (Gilson, 2012). To assess the knowledge of female university students about (VVC) and examine the effect of instructional program on their knowledge regarding Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among female university  students. A quasi-experimental design "time-series" will be utilized to achieve the aim of current study. The current study was conducted at Cairo University hostel were the female students were residing and selected from non medical faculties. A simple random sample of 100 female university students was recruited for this study. Two tools were used to collect the study data; structured interview tool, and "VVC" structured knowledge assessment interviewing tool. The current study findings revealed that, mean age of the participents was 20.18± 1.19 years. More than two thirds of them fell in the age range 20-24 years. Regarding menstrual characteristics among the participants, age range at menarche was 11-14 years with a mean of ± SD was (12.30±1.88) years, duration of menstruation ranged between 2-6 days with a mean of (4.23±1.25). The total mean knowledge score of (VVC) was 18.87 ± 7.83 out of /85 in the pretest; which indicated poor knowledge level and 81.20 ± 5.01 in posttest after two weeks from instruction program; which indicated good knowledge level that remain good knowledge in the post test ( 2) with a mean of 74.35± 6.68 after eight weeks from instruction program, and 62.85 ± 6.89  in the  post test  (3) after 12 weeks from weeks from instruction program; which indicated satisfactory knowledge level with high statistical significant differences (P = 0.001). The instructional program had positive effect on knowledge and awareness regarding (VVC) among female university students and this results hence the research hypotheses .

Keywords- instructional program, vulvovaginal candidiasis, female university students
The Potential of Sweet Starfruit as a Gastroprotector of Gaster Damage Due to Free Radicals
Authors: Vastra Alandra Rizhaqi , Susilo Mira Yustika , Prameswari Neema Putri , Pratama Bagus
Published: May 2020

Gastric ulcer is a condition when deep gastric mucosa is damaged. This condition can be caused by oxidative stress which produces free radicals. Ulcer can be potentially prevented or treated with active substances contained by plants such as sweet starfruit. Sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn) is a plant that has a high antioxidant effect with flavonoid content which plays a role in the process of gastric mucosal damage Objective to describe the potential gastroprotector effect of sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn) in gastric damage caused by free radicals. This paper used literature study involving 18 libraries both national and international books and journal. Sweet starfruit (Averrhoa carambola Linn) contains flavonoid, this compound can work as an antioxidant by giving electrons to free radicals which causes the structure of free radicals to be more stable so that it can prevent the process of lipid peroxidase. Conclusions: Sweet starfruit has anti-ulcer potential effect with its antioxidant content which is flavonoids.

Keywords: gastric ulcer, free radical, sweet starfruit, antioxidant
Effects of Breadfruit Leaf Extract in Reducing the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Alimin Laurencia , Huga Angwen Rial , Olivia Brigitta
Published: May 2020

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death globally, caused by accumulation of plaque, a mixture of fat, cholesterol, and calcium deposits in the arteries for years which over time causes narrowing and hardening of the coronary arteries so that oxygen supply in the blood decreases. CHD can  bepotentiallyprevented  with  active  substancescontained  by  plants  such  as  breadfruit.Breadfruit leaf(Artocarpus altilis) is one of the natural ingredients that contain flavonoids, which can reduce cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in the blood so the risk of CHD will decrease.Objectiveto  describe  the  potential  anticholesterol effects  of  breadfruit in coronary heart diseasecaused  by high cholesterol. This  paper  used  literature  study  involving  16  libraries  both  nationaland  international  books  and  journal.Conclusions:  Breadfruit leaf has the effect of preventing the risk of coronary heart disease by lowering cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels in the blood without side effects.

 Keywords: breadfruit leaf, flavonoid, coronary heart disease
A Quality Improvement Project Regarding Breastfeeding Practices Among Postnatal Mother of Infants Who are Admitted in SNCU of A Selected Health Care Setting
Authors: Saha Papiya Bera , Mani Smritikana , Das Govinda Chandra
Published: May 2020

Breast milk is unquestionably the best milk for the baby. From 1sthour  to first six months of life, infants should be exclusively breastfed to achieve growth & development, but most of the time this objective is not fulfilled. So to improve the practice  of breastfeeding we collected  the baseline data  from selected unit ,we observed that the breastfeeding rate of the postnatal  mothers is only 48%. Even after a lot  of effort ,we could not achieve breastfeeding practice in our SNCU before starting our project. Then we started structured and plannedprogramme in the form of PDSA cycle for 45 days. The study was adopted to increase  breastfeeding  practice rate from 48% to 80% in 6 weeks among mother in the infants of SNCU. In this  QI project  applied on 25 postnatal mother of infants who are admitted in SNCU of RG Kar Medical College & Hospital,Kolkata. Data was collected by valid feeding register and  observation checklist. For the implementation of the project, a team was formed & a meeting was carried out  among  the team members. The team found the root cause analysis by fishbone model. The team members decided to carry out PDSA cycles at the interval of 15 days for carrying out three consecutive cycles, Where the first cycle deals with motivating the health care staffs ,mothers in SNCU as well as postnatal ward, the second cycle deals with  providing IEC materials  and privacy of themother during breastfeeding and the third PDSA cycle deals with involving  the family members of the mother. After 1st PDSA cycle we have achieved an increase of  only 4% of breastfeeding practice rate  in the selected unit.After 2nd PDSA cycle we have achieved an increased rate of 14% of breastfeeding practice. The team observed even after 2nd PDSA cycle we did not achieve our goal, then after involving the family members in the third PDSA cycle ,we  have observed a dramatic increase in the breastfeeding practice rate  upto 80%. The study concluded that  simple planned QI group effort  can improve the breastfeeding practice  rate in the  any unit.

 

Keywords: quality improvement, breastfeeding practices, postnatal mother, PDSA, SNCU, health care settings