bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biopharmaceutics classification system: importance and inclusion in biowaiver guidance
Authors: Arrunátegui Lorena Barbosa , Silva-Barcellos Neila Márcia , Bellavinha Karime Rezende , Ev Lisiane da Silveira , Souza Jacqueline de
Published: July 2015

Pharmacological therapy is essential in many diseases treatment and it is important that the medicine policy is intended to offering safe and effective treatment with affordable price to the population. One way to achieve this is through biowaiver, defined as the replacement of in vivo bioequivalence studies by in vitro studies. For biowaiver of new immediate release solid oral dosage forms, data such as intestinal permeability and solubility of the drug are required, as well as the product dissolution. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is a scientific scheme that divides drugs according to their solubility and permeability and has been used by various guides as a criterion for biowaiver. This paper evaluates biowaiver application, addressing the general concepts and parameters used by BCS, making a historical account of its use, the requirements pertaining to the current legislation, the benefits and risks associated with this decision. The results revealed that the use of BCS as a biowaiver criterion greatly expands the therapeutics options, contributing to greater therapy access of the general population with drug efficacy and safety guaranteed associated to low cost.
Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and liposomes
Authors: Ferraz Rafaela Siqueira , Mendonça Elisângela Afonso Moura , Silva Jéssica Priscila Avelino , Cavalcanti Isabella Macário Ferro , Lira-Nogueira Mariane Cajubá Britto , Galdino Suely Lins , Pitta Ivan Rocha , Lima Maria do Carmo Alves , Santos-Magalhães Nereide Stela
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a UV spectrophotometric method for determination of LPSF/AC04 from inclusion complex and encapsulated into liposomes. The validation parameters were determined according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) and National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines. LPSF/AC04 was determined at 250 nm in methanol by a UV spectrophotometric method, exhibiting linearity in the range from 0.3 to 2 µg.mL−1 (Absorbance=0.18068 x [LPSF/AC04 µg.mL-1] + 0.00348), (r2=0.9995). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.047µg.mL−1 and 0.143µg.mL−1, respectively. The method was accurate, precise, reproducible and robust since all the samples analyzed had coefficient of variation of less than 5% and no statistically significant difference between theoretical and practical concentrations was detected. Thus, a rapid, simple, low cost and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for determining the content of inclusion complex and liposomes containing LPSF/AC04.
Stability of Tilo® tablets formulation obtained from dry extract of Justice pectoralis Jacq.
Authors: Rodríguez-Chanfrau Jorge E. , Núñez-Figueredo Yanier , Fuste-Moreno Viviana
Published: July 2015

Justicia pectoralis Jacq., Acanthaceae, is a herb known popularly in Cuba as Tilo and used traditionally as sedative. The development in a solid pharmaceutical (Tablets 100 mg) using dry extract of Justicia pectolaris aqueous extract is of interest for the development of phytomedicines, which uses this active raw material. The aim of the present study was to carry out chemical and biological stability studies to the formulation. A method of coumarin determination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used and validated. The stability studies during different periods of time (24 months) showed a stability of the product stored at 32 ± 2 °C, and protected of the light.
Theoretically nanoscale study on ionization of muscimol nano drug in aqueous solution
Authors: Kiani Farhoush , Abbaszadeh Mehran , Pousti Mohammad , Koohyar Fardad
Published: July 2015

In the present work, acid dissociation constant (pKa) values of muscimol derivatives were calculated using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. In this regard, free energy values of neutral, protonated and deprotonated species of muscimol were calculated in water at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis sets. The hydrogen bond formation of all species had been analyzed using the Tomasi's method. It was revealed that the theoretically calculated pKa values were in a good agreement with the existing experimental pKa values, which were determined from capillary electrophoresis, potentiometric titration and UV-visible spectrophotometric measurements.
Stability-indicating liquid chromatographic and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of ciprofibrate in capsules and tablets
Authors: Hellwig Fernanda Macke , Reis Rafael Henrique Dias , Barbosa Suzana Del Rosso , Malesuik Marcelo Donadel
Published: July 2015

This study describes the development and evaluation of stability-indicating liquid chromatographic (LC) and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of ciprofibrate (CPF) in tablets and capsules. Isocratic LC separation was achieved on a RP18 column using a mobile phase of o-phosphoric acid (0.1% v/v), adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethylamine (10% v/v) and acetonitrile (35:65 v/v), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Detection was achieved with a photodiode array detector at 233 nm. For the spectrophotometric analysis, ethanol and water were used as the solvent and a wavelength of 233 nm was selected for the detection. The methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for validating analytical procedures. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the results obtained by the two methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the CPF quality-control analysis of tablets and capsules.
Evaluation of the effect of natural peptide 'Urocortin' on corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) receptor expression in ND7/23 cells
Authors: Mohiuddin Omair Anwar , Biggs Chris
Published: July 2015

CRF receptors are involved in the stress management of the cells and are believed to have a cytoprotective role in the body. CRF receptors have been reported to be potential drug targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The cell line used in the study is ND7/23 (mouse neuroblastoma and rat dorsal root ganglion neuron hybridoma). The aim of the study was to confirm the expression of CRF receptors in ND7/23 cells and to determine if urocortin (Ucn) can enhance the expression of CRF receptors. ND7/23 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 media and cells grown after the second passage were used for the experiments. RNA was extracted from the cells and amplified by RT-PCR to confirm the presence of CRF receptors. The cells were then subjected to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide (0.00375%) and divided into two groups i.e. control and Ucn (10-8 μM) treated. Later RNA was extracted from both group of cells and PCR was performed. Finally, densitometry analysis was conducted on the agarose gel to determine the quantity of PCR product formed. PCR experiment confirmed the expression of both CRF-R1 and CRF-R2 in the cell line, but CRF-R1 was found to be expressed more strongly. Densitometry analysis of the PCR product and calculation of the relative expression of CRF receptors indicated a higher level of expression of CRF receptors in samples treated with Ucn as compared to those that were kept untreated. The results indicate that Ucn may be useful for the management of neuro-degenerative disorders and further studies may be carried out to establish its use as a therapeutic agent.
O efeito do feedback auditivo atrasado na gagueira
Authors: Carrasco Eliane Regina , Schiefer Ana Maria , Azevedo Marisa Frasson de
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Verificar o efeito do feedback auditivo atrasado (delay auditory feedback) e da retroalimentação com a frequência alterada (frequency altered feedback) em indivíduos que manifestam gagueira. Métodos Foram selecionados 16 indivíduos adultos com diagnóstico de gagueira, de ambos os gêneros, faixa etária entre 17 e 49 anos e com, no mínimo, 8 anos de escolaridade. Os indivíduos foram distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo um grupo (G1) formado por oito indivíduos gagos submetidos à terapia de fala com o uso do aparelho SpeechEasy® e o outro (G2), formado por oito indivíduos gagos submetidos à terapia sem o uso do aparelho. Todos os indivíduos passaram por avaliação fonoaudiológica convencional, avaliação específica da fluência da fala, avaliação audiológica básica e treinamento de fala com ou sem o uso do aparelho. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística pertinente. Resultados Nos grupos G1 e G2 houve diminuição significativa do grau de gagueira e das disfluências atípicas na avaliação final, quando comparada à inicial. Conclusão Houve melhora do grau da gagueira com o treinamento de fala em ambos os grupos, com tendência do G1, que utilizou o dispositivoSpeechEasy®,para apresentar maior redução no índice de disfluências e maior ganho nas taxas de velocidade articulatória e de produção de informação.
A influência da função mastigatória na deglutição orofaríngea em idosos saudáveis
Authors: Yoshida Fabio Shigueru , Mituuti Cláudia Tiemi , Totta Tatiane , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Verificar se as características da mastigação influenciam os achados da deglutição orofaríngea em idosos. Métodos Foram analisados os dados de 47 idosos saudáveis - 29 mulheres e 18 homens - avaliados por meio da aplicação do protocolo clínico da mastigação e exame clínico funcional da deglutição orofaríngea. A avaliação da mastigação foi registrada em vídeo, tendo sido analisado o tipo mastigatório, a formação do bolo alimentar e o tempo mastigatório. Durante a avaliação clínica da deglutição foi verificado o desempenho dos pacientes quando testados alimentos de diferentes consistências, sendo que, após a realização da avaliação clínica, os indivíduos foram classificados quanto ao grau de disfunção da deglutição orofaríngea. Os dados foram analisados de modo descritivo e utilizando-se testes estatísticos de comparação e correlação. Resultados A média do tempo mastigatório foi de 32,45 segundos. A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou tipo mastigatório bilateral (62%), formação do bolo alimentar adequada (75%) e cerca de metade (47%), quadro de disfagia orofaríngea de grau moderado. De acordo com a análise estatística, não houve correlação entre o grau da disfunção da deglutição e o tipo mastigatório e a formação do bolo alimentar, porém, houve correlação positiva moderada entre o grau da disfunção da deglutição e o tempo de mastigação. Conclusão Para os idosos deste estudo, o tempo mastigatório influenciou o grau de disfunção da deglutição, não tendo sido encontrada relação para o tipo mastigatório e formação do bolo alimentar quanto aos achados da deglutição orofaríngea.
Ressonância magnética funcional e deglutição: revisão sistemática
Authors: Ardenghi Luciana Grolli , Signorini Alana Verza , Battezini Ana Carolina , Dornelles Silvia , Rieder Carlos Roberto de Mello
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Avaliar a viabilidade e segurança da ressonância magnética funcional para a avaliação de áreas corticais envolvidas na deglutição. Estratégia de pesquisa Conduziu-se uma busca entre abril de 2003 e abril de 2013, usando as palavras chave “functional magnetic resonance imaging” or“fMRI” and “dysphagia” e“functional magnetic resonance imaging” or“fMRI” and “swallowing” na base de dados PubMed. Critérios de seleção Os estudos foram revisados por análise de seus títulos eabstracts e os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos, utilização de exames neurofuncionais, referência à função de deglutição, análise de população adulta e/ou idosa, relação com patologias neurológicas. Resultados A estratégia de busca resultou em 1167 citações, das quais apenas 35 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Conclusão A ressonância magnética funcional foi considerada segura e viável para a avaliação de áreas corticais envolvidas na deglutição. Entretanto, os relatos de utilização de ressonâcia magnética funcional diferiram entre os estudos revisados e houve variabilidade na metodologia utilizada, dificultando as comparações.
Qualidade de vida em voz, avaliação perceptivoauditiva e análise acústica da voz de professoras com queixas vocais
Authors: Cielo Carla Aparecida , Ribeiro Vanessa Veis , Bastilha Gabriele Rodrigues , Schilling Nilvana de Oliveira
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Correlacionar a qualidade de vida em voz (QVV), avaliação vocal perceptivoauditiva e acústica de professoras com queixas vocais. Métodos Participaram do estudo 74 professoras com idades entre 20 e 62 anos (média 38,75 anos). Foram realizadas autoavaliação da QVV, avaliação vocal perceptivoauditiva, análise vocal acústica de fonte glótica e espectrográfica, em banda estreita (EBE) e banda larga (EBL) e análise estatística pertinente. Resultados Houve correlação negativa entre QVV e frequência fundamental (f0), f0 máxima e desvio padrão da f0; rugosidade e variação da amplitude. Ocorreu correlação positiva entre QVV e escurecimento do traçado em todo o espectrograma vocal, definição e número de harmônicos em EBE; grau geral de alteração vocal e índice de fonação suave, presença de ruído nas altas frequências na EBL; grau geral de alteração vocal, escurecimento do 1º formante e maior definição do 2º formante na EBL; soprosidade ejitter percentual, jitter absoluto, média relativa da perturbação, quociente de perturbação do pitchsuavizado, quociente de perturbação do pitch,índice de fonação suave, presença de ruído nas altas frequências em EBL, substituição de harmônicos por ruído nas altas frequências e em todo espectrograma em EBE. Conclusão Quanto menor a f0, maior o escurecimento do traçado espectrográfico, definição e número de harmônicos, maior a QVV relacionada à voz. As análises perceptivoauditiva e acústicas mostraram correlações importantes quanto à presença de energia aperiódica e instabilidade do sinal vocal. As avaliações acústica, perceptivoauditiva e de QVV relacionada à voz foram complementares na caracterização vocal das docentes.
Aspectos socioeconômicos e conhecimento de puérperas sobre o aleitamento materno
Authors: Boff Alexandra Dalle Grave , Paniagua Lauren Medeiros , Scherer Sabrina , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de
Published: July 2015

Objetivo Averiguar a associação entre os fatores maternos e socioeconômicos com o conhecimento das mães a respeito do aleitamento materno. Métodos Estudo realizado com 71 puérperas em leito hospitalar. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários, um socioeconômico e outro sobre conhecimento referente ao aleitamento materno. Resultados Das entrevistadas, uma não frequentou as consultas pré-natais e 48 receberam alguma informação sobre aleitamento materno. Todas as mães sabiam que as crianças amamentadas no peito adquirem menos doenças; 44 sabiam que até o sexto mês de vida a criança não necessita de água ou outro complemento. Sobre as questões socioeconômicas e de conhecimentos, houve associação positiva significativa entre ambas, ou seja, puérperas com maior renda familiar tiveram maior percentual de acertos. Conclusão A maioria das mães demonstrou conhecimento sobre os aspectos investigados. A renda percapita interferiu no conhecimento das puérperas sobre o aleitamento materno.
On the hydration process of the slag–anhydrite–lime system: a discussion on the stoichiometry of hydrates and the development of strength
Authors: Iyoda Takeshi , Asaga Kiyoshi , Goto Seishi
Published: July 2015

To better understand the hydration of slag, various combinations of slag–anhydrite–lime were investigated, mainly by conduction calorimeter. Compressive and bending strength were also measured. The following conclusions were obtained: in the case of existing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), hydration products were calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) and aluminium-rich (Al, Si, Ca)OH gel. C–S–H had a calcium/silicate ratio of 1·4 and the aluminium-rich (Al, Si, Ca)OH gel was located on the surface of unreacted slag particles to hinder the hydration of slag. A mixture of slag and anhydrite (without lime) reacted to produce C–S–H and ettringite, but the initiation time of reaction was very long – as much as 400 h. In this case, the calcium oxide/silica (CaO/SiO2) ratio of the calcium-silicate-hydrate was considered as low as 0·6 to 0·8. Monosulfate (AFm(SO4)) was not produced from slag hydration, as the solubility of slag is lower than that of monosulfate. The compressive strength of mortar without gypsum was 25 N/mm2 at 91 d, whereas that containing gypsum of 15% by mass was 70–80 N/mm2 at 91 d. In the case of 2% calcium hydroxide, the compressive strengths with gypsum were all less than 15 N/mm2 at 91 d and they were lower than that without gypsum of 25 N/mm2 at 91 d. Reducing the addition of calcium hydroxide was very effective for mortar strength with gypsum but addition in excess of 2% retarded the hydration. The strength of mortar without formation of ettringite (slag–lime system) had lower bending/compressive strength ratio.
Cementitious binder of phosphogypsum and other materials
Authors: Liu Laibao , Zhang Yunsheng , Tan Kefeng
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the properties of a binder developed to produce eco-friendly building products. The mixing ratio of the binder, comprising phosphogypsum, slag (ground granulated blast-furnace slag), lime and cement, was obtained based on orthogonal experiments. The test results showed that, under steam curing, calcium silicate hydrate gel and ettringite were formed in the hardened binder, leading to a higher strength. After steam curing at 90°C for 7 h and then air curing, the 28 d compressive strength of the binder reached 41·7 MPa. Using this binder and river sand, bricks with a 28 d compressive strength of 21·4 MPa were successfully manufactured.
Briefing: Re-evaluation of the reliability of hardened concrete analyses
Authors: Crofts David B. , Jasko Iren , Mayers Gavin
Published: July 2015

As part of the recent revision and update of Concrete Society Technical Report 32, a Concrete Society Working Group organised a laboratory trial in co-operation with 11 laboratories using their UK Accreditation Service-accredited methods for the chemical analysis of hardened concrete. The concrete samples were prepared by Hanson using four mixes, including variously CEM I, pulverised-fuel ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, insoluble and soluble aggregates as well as occasionally added chlorides. The findings of the trial were assessed in the second edition of Technical Report 32, which concluded that the trial had limitations but that the results raised concerns about the chemical methods in use. This briefing by three of the participants in the trial who were also members of the Working Group summarises some of its findings and outlines some positive suggestions to address the trial's shortcomings, in order to allow a more realistic and helpful assessment of the methods that have been a vital tool for analysts and engineers for many decades.
Compression tests on aluminum honeycomb and epoxy resin sandwich panels
Authors: Cheng Shuliang , Zhao Xuya , Xiao Bo , Xin Yajun
Published: July 2015

In order to realize the functional integration and improve the bearing and energy absorption capability of aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel under compression, aluminum honeycomb and epoxy resin sandwich panels were made. By carrying out quasi-static compression experiments, we investigated their absorption function with different resin thickness, diameter of aperture, and thickness. The experiments indicated that the energy absorption function of the aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel declined with increase of resin thickness and length of aperture but improved with increase of specimen thickness.
The Variation Law of Mechanical Parameters of Type I Fatigue Crack Tip
Under High Frequency Resonant Loading
Authors: Hong-Li Gao , Huan-Bin Zheng , Xin-Guo Qiu , Huan Liu , Hui Liu
Published: July 2015

This work explores the variation law of mechanical parameters at fatigue crack tip of compact tension specimen
with type I pre-notch based on dynamic finite element method (FEM) in the high frequency resonant fatigue crack
propagation test. The displacement fields, the strain fields and the stress intensity factors (SIF) at CT specimen fatigue
crack tip in one stress cycle and at different crack lengths under constant amplitude high frequency sinusoidal alternating
loading condition are calculated and the related variation laws of mechanical parameters are analyzed. In order to calculate
the dynamic SIF at fatigue crack tip, the static SIF has been calculated first. The compared results of the static finite
element analysis with the theoretical calculation show that finite element modeling and calculating method and respective
results are accurate. Secondly, the variation law of SIF at crack tip during the process of fatigue crack propagation test is
studied by dynamic FEM. Finally, the high frequency resonant fatigue crack propagation test has been performed and the
dynamic strain gauge is used to measure the strain at crack tip during one stress cycle. The research results show that during
crack stable propagation stage, the displacement, strain and SIF at type I fatigue crack tip are in the same form having
high frequency resonant load, and the displacement, strain and SIF amplitude increase with the crack growth. The error of
static SIF between the calculated result by FEM and the theoretical result is 2.51%. The maximum error of the strain at
crack tip between the FEM calculating result and the experimental result is 2.93%.
Gas-liquid mass transfer with instantaneous chemical reaction in a slurry bubble column containing fine reactant particles
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Zhu Chunying
Published: July 2015

In this study, the mass transfer accompanied by an instantaneous irreversible
chemical reaction in a slurry bubble column containing sparingly soluble fine
reactant particles has been analyzed theoretically. Based on the penetration
theory, combining the cell model, a one-dimensional mass transfer model was
developed. In the model, the effects of the particle size and the particle
dissolution near the gas-liquid interface on the mass transfer were taken
into account. The mass transfer model was solved and an analytical expression
of the time-mean mass transfer coefficient was attained. The reactive
absorption of SO2from gas mixtures into Mg(OH)2/water slurry was investigated
experimentally in a bubble column reactor to validate the mass transfer
model. The results indicate that the present model has good predicting
performance and could be used to predict mass transfer coefficient for the
complicated gas-liquid-solid three-phase system with an instantaneous
irreversible chemical reaction.
Radiographic cephalometry analysis of condylar position after bimaxillary osteotomy in patients with mandibular prognathism
Authors: Mikovic Nikola , Lazarevic Milos , Tatic Zoran , Krejovic-Trivic Sanja , Petrovic Milan , Trivic Aleksandar
Published: July 2015

Background/Aim. Postoperative condylar position is a substantial concern in
surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. Orthognathic surgery may
change condylar position and this is considered a contributing factor for
early skeletal relapse and the induction of temporomandibular disorders. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in condylar position, and to
correlate angular skeletal measurements following bimaxillary surgery.
Methods. On profile teleradiographs of 21 patients with mandibular angular
and linear parametres, the changes in condylar position, were measured during
preoperative orthodontic treatment and 6 months after the surgical treatment.
Results. A statistically significant difference in values between the groups
was found. The most distal point on the head of condyle point (DI) moved
backward for 1.38 mm (p = 0.02), and the point of center of collum mandibulae
point (DC) moved backward for 1.52 mm (p = 0.007). The amount of upward
movement of the point DI was 1.62 mm (p = 0.04). Conclusion. In the patients
with mandibular prognathism, the condyles tend to migrate upward and forward
six months after bimaxillary surgery.
Overcoming Fundamental Challenges in ELT Classroom
Authors: Neupane Ram Nath
Published: July 2015

As English language teachers, we face many challenges in our classroom particularly dealing with mixed ability students, managing classroom discipline, motivating learners, presenting new topics, improving learners’ pronunciation, using appropriate classroom language, encouraging less motivated learners, and dealing with homework. In this light, present article attempts to deal with some of these topics in brief and provides some useful tips to overcome such challenges in the form of reflection of a practicing teacher/ teacher trainer after the references mentioned at the end of this article. Journal of NELTA Surkhet Vol.4 2014: 105-108
Prediction of space available for unerupted permanent canine and premolars in a Bangladeshi population
Authors: Chawdhury Himadri Shekhar Roy , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

Objective: To test the use of Moyers prediction method and Tanaka and Johnstons equations for use in a Bangladeshi population and to construct new probability tables and prediction formulae based on the actual tooth sizes in a sample of the Bangladeshi population.Design of the study: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Materials and Methods: The sample was consisted of 50 Bangladeshi males and 50 females aged between 17 and 23 years. Subjects without any previous orthodontic treatment fully erupted permanent teeth and with no dental anomalies were recruited. Dental study models were taken and measurements of the mesio-distal widths of teeth were carried out using digital caliper. The measured values were compared with predicted values derived from Moyers method and Tanaka and Johnston equations. Independent t tests were used to examine differences between genders. Correlation coefficients and linear regression equations were used to compare the actual Bangladeshi tooth widths with predicted values.Results: For Bangladeshi males, Moyers method at 50% tends to overestimate the actual value of the canines and premolars by 0.3 mm with a standard deviation of 0.08 mm, whereas the Tanaka and Johnston method tends to overestimate the actual value of the canines and premolars by 1.4 mm with a standard deviation of 0.11 mm. For Bangladeshi females, Moyers method at 50% tends to overestimate the actual value of the canines and For Bangladeshi females, Moyers method at 50% tends to overestimate the actual value of the canines and to overestimate the actual value of the canines and premolars by 1.4 mm with a standard deviation of 0.13 mm.Conclusion: The newly developed regression equations are more accurate for prediction of width of unerupted permanent teeth in a Bangladeshi population. Further studies are required based on larger sample size, to confirm the applicability of the new regression equations proposed.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2012; Vol-3, No.1
Orthodontic management of a young boy with Class I malocclusion with crowding, supernumerary tooth and rotated central incisor: A case report
Authors: Faruk SM Omar , Haque Imtaz Ershadul , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

This article describe the treatment of a boy of 15 years old, with Class I malocclusion and anterior crowding and rotated upper right central incisor. The patient had thick and fleshy extra labial frenum between upper right central and lateral incisor. The patient had also rotated supernumerary tooth labial to upper right lateral incisor. The patient was treated by extraction of supernumerary tooth and frenectomy followed by derotation of right central incisor with standard edgewise orthodontic therapy.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2012; Vol-3, No.1
Orthodontic Management of Class-I crowding in an adult male: A case report
Authors: Mahmud AM Sohal , Taher Md Abu , Sattar MH , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

A 20 years old male presented with  Class-I malocclusion with crowding and lock bite on upper right and left lateral incisors. Treatment involved extraction of all first premolars. The alignment of teeth in both arches were achieved by edgewise orthodontic therapy.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2012; Vol-3, No.1
Pattern of malocclusion in patients seeking orthodontic treatment at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Muklesur , Jahan Hasnat , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

Aims: To evaluate the pattern and distribution of malocclusion in patients seeking orthodontic treatment in Dhaka Dental College Hospital.Material and Methods: Total of 400 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 19.10 years. A standard format was prepared to record the data. Ages, sex and Class I, II and III malocclusions were tabulated to cheek for any relationship.Results: The prevalence of molar class I, II, III and both (I &II) malocclusion were 61.53%, 22.56%, 8.2%, and 7.17%, respectively. The prevalence of incisors class I, class II division 1,classII division 2 and class III malocclusions were 36.92%, 39.74%, 2.56% and 14.87%. out of 400 cases the distribution of various occlusal abnormality were spacing 40%, crowding 46.92%, cross bite 23.07%, open bite 8.46%, impaction 6.41%, rotation 20%, median diastema 13.58%, absent  teeth 7.69%, mesiodense 2.51% and cleft lip and palate was 1.28%. Most prevalence  age group seeking orthodontics treatment was 16 to 20 years with female to male ratio 2.45 :1.Conclusion: class I malocclusion was the most prevalent followed by class II malocclusion and class III malocclusion showed least prevalence.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
A study on Arch Widths of Bangladeshi Adult Subjects with Class II-2 malocclusion compared to those with Class II div1 malocclusion and Normal Occlusion
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

Aim : To evaluate the transverse discrepancy in different malocclusion groups. Also to test the hypothesisvthat models with Class II division 2 malocclusion may have mean maxillary arch widths significantly smaller than those with normal occlusions and significantly larger than those with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Thus the proposed study will generate interest among the orthodontists for further study over the transverse discrepancy of our patients and guide them to establish effective treatment strategy and their management.Methods:  This study was a cross  sectional  study conducted among the dental casts of 150 patients and  students of the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka Dental College and  Hospital. Both male and female were included.  The first group consists of 50 pair of study models with  permanent dentition and diagnosed as Class I (normal) occlusion. The second group includes another 50 pair of dental casts with permanent dentition and diagnosed as Class II division 1 malocclusion . And third group includes another 50 pair of dental casts with permanent dentition and was diagnosed as Class II division 2 malocclusion. This group of malocclusion was again subdivided into two categories, Class II division 2 malocclusion with crowding and Class II division 2  malocclusion without crowding. The Students t test was used to analyze the data. In this analytical test the level of significance p value <0.05 was considered significantResults: No Statistically significant difference was observed in the maxillary inter canine, inter first  premolar and inter first molar widths between class-I and Class-II div-1. Significant differences were  observed between two groups. In case of mandibular inter first molar widths  (p value = 0.001), and also  differences in case of mandibular inter canine, inter first premolar and inter first molar widths between  Class-I and Class II div 2 malocclusion  p value respectively .01, 0.002,0.01.Conclusion: This study helps in determining possible differences in the dental arch widths of Bangladeshi people in  Class II div 2 adults compared to adults with Class II div 1 and normal occlusion may be an  important aid in further understanding of dentoalveolar characteristics of these conditions, as well as  improving their management.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
Management of Bimaxillary Protrusion  A Case Report
Authors: Mamun Mohammad Shamim Al , Hossain Md Zakir
Published: July 2015

This case report will evaluate the management of bimaxillary protrusion by standard edge wise technique with extraction of premolars. The objective of treatment was to use mild forces and to provide maximum space for the retraction of anterior teeth. The goal of the treatment was to improve facial appearance. The case was successfully managed by extraction of all first Premolars and fixed appliance therapy using standard edge wise mechanics. Post-treatment changes were good and stableBan J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2
Field Investigation on the Efficacy of Salmonella Vaccine Prepared at Bangladesh Agricultural University
Authors: Bag MAS , Amin MM , Rahman MB , Arafat YA , Salim M , Rasel IH , Majumder UH
Published: July 2015

The research work was performed to investigate the immunogenicity of Salmonella vaccine produced at LPVRPC, BAU Mymensingh. The vaccination was performed at the Phenix Hatchery Ltd. Gazipur in Hy-sex brown and HY-sex white chicken designated as group A and group B respectively. Group A and B were subdivided into A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 groups containing eight birds each. Group C was maintained as unvaccinated control. Birds were immunized following schedule of the LPVRPC. Each bird was vaccinated SC at six weeks of age followed by a subsequent booster dose after 45 days. After four weeks of primary vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 96.00±34.21 in group A1 and 96.00±34.21 in B1 group. Prebooster vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 88.00±33.12 in group A2 and 88.00±33.12 in B2 group. At four weeks of booster vaccination the mean PHA antibody titres were 104.00±33.12 in group A3 and 104.00±33.12 in B3 group. The mean ± PHA antibody titre in chickens of group C was ? 4.0±0.00. Salmonella vaccine prepared at (LPVRPC) Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU induces satisfactory level of antibody in chickens determined by PHA test conducted in an on-farm study of layer chickens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23705Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 5-9
Effect of Diclofenac Sodium in Broilers
Authors: Akter R , Sarker MAW
Published: July 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of diclofenac sodium in broiler chicks during the period from 20th July /2012 to 1st september/2012. The broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and control with ten day old bird in each. Group A was treated with @ 5mg/kg body weight, group B was treated with @ 10mg/kg body weight and Group C was treated with 20 mg/kg body weight given orally mixing with drinking water. Histopathological, hematological and biochemical tests were performed on 42th days of age to evaluate diclofenac-induced changes between control and treated groups. Mortality rate and pathomorphological changes were observed in dead birds. The acute toxicity was assessed by observing the clinical signs and symptoms, mortality, alterations in blood biochemistry, and necropsy findings. The birds of Group A showed only mild symptoms of diarrhea and 30% mortality. In Group B, 60% and Group 70% of birds died in between 24 and 36 h post-treatment showing the symptoms of segregatory behavior, lethargy, terminal anorexia, and severe bloody diarrhea. Observation of hematological parameters like TEC, Hb, PCV and ESR on 42th days of age showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in treatment group compare to control group. Observation of biochemical parameters (serum urea, serum creatinine) on 42th days of age showed significantly increased (p<0.01) serum urea and serum creatinine indicating nephrotoxicity in broilers. At 12 and 24 h post-treatment this returned to the normal levels. The dead birds of the high-dose group also showed similar pattern of biochemical changes at 12 and 24 h post-treatment and revealed extensive visceral gout with characteristic histopathological lesions in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and intestine on post-mortem. The results indicate that diclofenac sodium has hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and visceral gout inducing potentials in broilers (cob-500), especially at higher dose.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23710Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 19-24
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Cattle in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Adamu SG , Adamu NB , Aliyu AU , Atsanda NN , Mustapha FB , Muhammad YA , Umaru GA
Published: July 2015

A study was carried out to survey the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of four hundred (400) fecal samples from cattle were randomly collected and examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining method. The results showed that the overall prevalence of infection was 22.3%, with an infection rate of23.4% in adult cattle and 19.1% in young cattle, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P<0.05) between the age groups, with (OR: 1.298; 95%CI: 0.75072.245). Out of 89 positive samples, 21.2% were male and 25.0% were female, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between the sex, with (OR: 0.8062; 95% CI: 0.48280.346). It was concluded that Cryptosporidium sp. infection is prevalent in Nigeria; and cattle could serve as reservoirs for the zoonotic infection in humans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23712Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 25-28
Prevalence of Haemonchosis of Goats at Rajshahi District in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar L , Sarder MJU , Mondal MMH , Faruque MO , Rahman M
Published: July 2015

A study was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during March, 2011 to February, 2012. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temperature, humidity and rainfall in different months on the prevalence of haemonchosis of goats in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 720 samples were examined, of these (416) 57.8% goats were found positive for Haemonchus spp. infection. The highest prevalence was observed in the month of July (82.1 %) followed by August (79.7 %) and lowest in the January (28.3 %) followed by February (38.7 %). It was also observed that temperature (29.8°?), relative humidity (86%) and rainfall (146.0 mm) in the month of July was favourable for the egg laying, hatching and survival of infective larvae on the pasture. On the other hand, all the factors like temperature, humidity and rainfall was recorded lowest as 17.5°?, 79%, 5.5 mm respectively which was unfavourable for the reproduction and survival of infective larvae in the month of the January. The current study revealed that haemonchosis is an important and common parasitic disease and requires special attention for its control.  The prevalence among different months when compared statistically (Chi-square test and DMRT) revealed significant (P=0.001) differences. So, it is concluded that, month of the year, temperature, humidity and rainfall has significance effect on the prevalence of haemonchosis in goats. Considering those factors control should be carried out in and around Bangladesh to improve our goat production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23713Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 29-36
Investigation of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli from Diarrheic Calves in Selective Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam AKMA , Rahman M , Nahar A , Khair A , Alam MM
Published: July 2015

Molecular technique was used to investigate the prevalence of virulent diarrheic genes in pathogenic Escherichia coli and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. A hundred samples from 100 different diarrheic calves from mid-north-western part of Bangladesh were screened for the presence of virulence factors associated with diarrhea. Following isolation and identification on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, the presence of the virulence genes such as eaeA, bfpA, elt, est, stx1 and stx2 were examined using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 57 E. coli was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 8 antimicrobial agents. Out of 100 samples 57 (57%) were found to be positive for E. coli and their distribution rates according to their age, breed and sex were  66.7% ( 6 days old ), 85.7% (Sahiwal breed) and in  64.2 % (female calves) respectively. Among 57 E. coli isolates, only 16 isolates were analyzed for the detection of the said genes. Among them, only eaeA gene was detected in 2 E. coli isolates (12.5 %). Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that Oxacillin, Rifampicin and Penicillin were  100% resistant followed by Erythromycin which was more than 80% resistant. In case of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, about 59.65% and 61.40% were found to be resistant respectively whereas all 57 E. coli isolates showed moderately susceptible (30%) to Cefuroxime, a second generation Cephalosporin. Therefore, none of the eight antimicrobials studied can not be recommended as single best therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea. In addition, this study indicated that diarrhea in calves in these locations can be ascribed to mainly Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) which was atypical (only contained the eaeA genes but not bfpA). However, further studies are necessary to characterize the isolated eaeA gene positive E. coli by serotyping, tissue culture assay and other molecular techniques to find out the potentiality of those virulent genes contributing pathogenicity of E. coli causing diarrhea in calves.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23716Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 45-51
Investigating Infectious and Zoonotic diseases of Street Dogs in the Residential Area of Bangladesh Agricultural University
Authors: Kasfi TK , Labony SS , Chowdhury MGA , Rima UK , Hossain MZ , Chowdhury SJH , Hossain MM , Khan MAHNA
Published: July 2015

Dogs are common carnivor and scavenger at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) campus. Dogs may carry many infectious and zoonotic diseases and could play a role in transmitting those diseases in other carnivors and human as well. At day time cats, dogs and golden jackals are found to eat in a same dustbin at BAU campus. So it is possible to share diseases of each other and there are possibilities of crossing species barrier. This study was, therefore, aimed at specific investigation of the occurrence of leishmaniasis, canine distemper (CD), infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and avian influenza (AI) of dogs at BAU campus. This study was carried out during the period from January to June/ 2012. A total of 10 apparently healthy dogs were euthanatized and postmortem examination were carried out. Impression smears were prepared from spleen, liver, bone marrow and stained with Giemsas stain. Histopathological studies were conducted using routine procedures. For molecular characterization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were adopted for the detection of genomic fragment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), canine distemper (CD), infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) and avian influenza (AI, viral matrix protein gene). Results of this study showed the presence of leishmania organism in the impression smears of eight dogs. Using PCR amplification technique, Leishmania donovani specific genomic DNA (145bp) was detected in two dogs. PCR amplification of genomic DNA of ICH (411bp) and RT-PCR amplification of genomic RNA of CD (287bp) and matrix protein gene of AI (245bp) were not detected in any of the dogs of BAU campus. Future work is needed to explore the presence of snad flies (vector of VL) in the investigating areas and establish role of street dogs of BAU campus towards disseminating leishmaniasis in other animals and human beings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23720Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 57-63
Survey on Street Dog Population in Pokhara Valley of Nepal
Authors: Acharya M , Dhakal S
Published: July 2015

A survey was carried out to determine the population of street dogs and peoples opinion about their persistence in Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Information of street dog population was necessary to construct a future animal birth control (ABC) plans. For this, mark-resight survey method was used. Further, local residents were interviewed to know their opinion about the persistence of street dog population in that area. Among total 1767 dogs, 1072 (60.66%) were male, 641 (36.28%) were female and 54 (3.06%) were puppies. About 367 (57.25%) of the female street dogs were already spayed. A total of 371 local residents were interviewed to know their opinion about the causes of persistent street dogs in Pokhara Valley. Numerous reasons were put forward including unmanaged slaughter house (24.5%), abandoned due to disease (15.4%) and abandoned due to unmanageable estrus behavior (10.2%). Future ABC programs may need to consider these factors responsible for maintaining persistent street dog population, to enable control over street dog population in an efficient and sustainable manner.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23722Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 65-70
Pathogenic and Drug Resistant Bacteria in Raw Milk of Jessore City: A Potential Food Safety Threat
Authors: Tasnim UT , Islam MT
Published: July 2015

Milk is such a food which can meet almost all nutritional needs of human lives. Raw or unprocessed milk supports the growth of wide variety of microorganisms. The major interests of this study were examining the microbial quality of raw milk collected from different locations of Jessore city in Bangladesh and determining antibiotic susceptibility pattern of some isolated bacteria. To do so, 12 raw milk samples were collected from different areas of Jessore city. Microbial analysis comprised of enumeration of TVC (total viable count), TCC (total coliform count) and TSC (total staphylococcal count). The highest TVC, TCC and TSC were 1.95x109 CFU/ml, 2.5x107 CFU/ml and 1.02x107 CFU/ml respectively. Prevalent bacterial populations were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Shigella spp. Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. In order to observe the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed for some randomly selected isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. More than 90% isolates of Klebsiella spp. were found to be resistant against Erythromycin whereas more than 90% isolates were sensitive against Imipenem. On the other hand, 100% E. coli isolates were observed as resistant against Erythromycin and in case of Trimethopreme 100% isolates were sensitive. Multidrug resistance pattern was also found. These results suggest the necessity of hygienic practices during handling, processing and post-processing of raw milk to improve the microbiological quality and safety of raw milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v13i1.23723Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2015). 13 (1): 71-78