bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
intensificación en el relato conversacional panameño
Authors: Domínguez Córdoba Diameya del Carmen
Published: May 2024

El estudio que se presenta, en esta ocasión, trata sobre la intensificación en relatos de una conversación coloquial, es decir, una aproximación a los fenómenos lingüísticos de índole pragmático que determinan esta tipología textual.  El objetivo que se persigue es caracterizar las formas lingüísticas del lenguaje coloquial que usan los interactuantes para intensificar el relato en la conversación coloquial prototípica panameña. Las bases teóricas que dan sustento a esta investigación están a cargo de Meyer- Hermann (1988), Antonio Briz (1998, 2017), Marta Albelda (2004, 2018). La metodología empleada es cualitativa-descriptiva   y se utiliza el sistema de transcripción del grupo Val.Es.Co. Los resultados obtenidos desentrañan y aproximan a las variadas y diversas formas panameñas de intensificar el relato coloquial.
Análisis sobre el dominio del idioma inglés de la población de Pedasí, desde la perspectiva de los residentes de habla inglesa de la zona
Authors: Pérez Pastor , Vergara Linely , Sonhouse Mariela , Álvarez Joel , Batista Yahanys
Published: May 2024

La investigación se basa en las opiniones que tienen los residentes extranjeros de habla inglesa en Pedasí, sobre la dinámica lingüística del inglés por parte de la población de habla hispana del lugar, debido a que el español es la lengua oficial. El objetivo de este artículo es valorar la opinión general que tienen los residentes de habla inglesa en Pedasí, sobre el nivel del idioma inglés por parte de la población que ofrece sus servicios a este segmento de turistas, con la finalidad de conocer cómo esta dinámica influye en la percepción y la experiencia comunicativa entre los turistas y la población. La metodología empleada en este trabajo fue de tipo descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, donde se utilizó una encuesta para la recolección de los datos. La población que se consideró como objeto de estudio consistió en los residentes extranjeros de habla inglesa que conviven en el pueblo de Pedasí. Los resultados permitieron identificar que la mayoría de los encuestados manifestaron estar poco satisfechos o insatisfechos con el nivel de dominio del idioma inglés en Pedasí, especialmente en cuanto a la pronunciación, fluidez, gramática y uso general de vocabulario, ya que resulta difícil comunicarse en el idioma inglés con la mayoría de las personas locales que laboran en sitios turísticos y/o públicos en Pedasí. Como conclusión, se infiere que los residentes de habla inglesa en Pedasí, no están satisfechos con el nivel de inglés que tienen las personas que ofrecen sus servicios en el área.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran IPS Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Sebagai Inovasi Pembelajaran Bagi Siswa SD
Authors: Chumairah Lely , Nurmairina Nurmairina
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan media pembelajaran IPS berbasis powerpoint pada kelas IV SD Negeri 064991 Medan Amplas.Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan terdapat pemanfaatan media pembelajaran yang belum optimal karena keterbatasan penggunaan media pembelajaran yang ada disekolah.Penggunaan metode pembeljaran yang digunakan guru masih bersifat konvensional dengan hanya menggunakan bahan ajar berupa buku.Kterbatasan waktu juga menjadi salah satu kendala dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dan menyenangkan bagi peserta didik.Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation).Teknik penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket dan wawancara.Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan adanya pengembangan media powerpoint yang tlah dilakukan, peserta dididk antusias dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dan aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.Selama kegiatan blajar siswa merespon dengan baik materi yang telah disajikan dengan penggunaan media.Dengan demikian penggunaan media powerpoint mampu meningkatkan minat dan motivasi peserta didik dan menjadi inovasi pemebelajaran bagi siswa SD.
THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF DEMOCRATIC MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION IN PUBLIC EDUCATION NETWORK SCHOOLS
Authors: Maria da Silva Josina , Berto Silva Gledson , Edjanir Cândido Pereira Maria , Margarete do Nascimento Mendonça Maria , Holond de Lima Rocha Kleyton , Maria Monteiro da Silva Gilvana , Marcia de Mendonça Oliveira Girlaine , Carlos Vanderlei da Silva José , Da Silva Lima Almir
Published: May 2024

This study analyzes the importance of democratic management and coordination in public schools, focusing on the emergence and evolution of this concept throughout history, as well as the different ways in which these principles operate, considering the diversity of profiles existing in each educational institution. The relevance of responsible bodies, such as the Department of Education, in monitoring compliance with these principles is highlighted. The study also addresses the steps that led to the adoption of democratic management as a way to improve educational policies, highlighting the presence of trained professionals to guarantee students' educational rights. It is concluded that democratic management is essential to ensure students' rights and fulfill the school's fundamental role in the educational process.
Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach to Material on the Characteristics of Two-Dimentional Figures Using the Reog Ponorogo Performance in Elementary Schools
Authors: Wiryanto Wiryanto , Rahmawati Ika , Humaira Firda
Published: May 2024

:   It is critical to approach mathematical education correctly. This is because many students believe math is a tough subject to learn. This problem arises because many teachers teach mathematics in abstract terms. This is a qualitative descriptive study using Graveimeiijeir's design research method. The research was designed to prove the truth of the allegations made in the learning trajectory or HLT (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) and their impact on students' understanding by applying the RME (Realistic Mathematics Education) approach to the material on the characteristics of two-dimensional figures, with Reog Ponorogo performance media and worksheet serving as a guide for student activities. This study was conducted on class 3B students at MI Ma'arif Darul Ulum Pondok. The research topic is a 6-student group in a classroom. The research stages included preparation, execution in the classroom, and data analysis. Based on this research, it can be seen that the stages of learning activities using the RME approach are based on the stages contained in the iceberg theory, namely, stages of real-world situations (situations), models that describe problem situations (model of), models for solving problems (model for), and formal mathematics stages using Reog Ponorogo performance media can make it easier for students to understand material regarding the characteristics of two-dimensional figures.
Evaluating the Influence of Franchising Trends on the Success of Fast Food Restaurants within Nairobi City County
Authors: Tundura Janet Okeng’aya , Maranga Vincent N. , Kamau Beatrice N.
Published: May 2024

Franchising concept is a multidimensional structure that controls a tiny proportion of the global business. This study assessed influences of franchising on success of fast food restaurants within Nairobi City County. The objective for this study was to establish the influences of franchising trends on the success of fast food restaurants. The significance of this study was to provide a framework for the development, adoption and, implementation of franchising concept in Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive research design and target population of 438 participants drawn from 27 franchised fast food restaurants. A sample 404 respondents were considered where purposive sampling was applied for managers and supervisors and convenient sampling technique for customers. A total of three hundred and two (302) usable responses were obtained yielding an 86.29% response rate which was considered sufficient to manage generalization on the subject under study. Multiple regression analysis was applied in evaluating the impacts of predictors on the study’s dependent variable. The findings also established that trends in franchising and success of fast food restaurants had a statistically-significant correlation (p=0.000<0.05). The R-value obtained at 0.829 denoted a high correlation degree between predictors and the adjusted R2 was 0.615. This indicated that trends in franchising explained 61.5% of success of franchised fast food restaurants. The study recommended that the policy makers develop, adopt and implement the franchising to reap its’ benefits in fast food restaurants. The study also recommended further research on the remaining proportion of factors (38.5%) that accounts for other variables not studied.
Minimalization of Dissolved Heavy Hydrocarbon on Lean Solvent with Absorption Optimization
Authors: Kuswanto1 Ari , Ainun M. Joko , Pinandito Amanu , Suganda Wingky , Partayudha Arief , M. Rizky1  , Sardil  , Zafirah Talitha , Rahayu S. Ratih
Published: May 2024

Pertamina EP DonggiMatindok Field has an Acid Gas Removal Unit (AGRU)which is an acid gas (H2S) separator unit that flows from the LP Separator. An increase of pressure differential occurred in the AGRU indicates a foaming tendency and impacting on decrease in sales gas. The well switch method was carried out to overcome foaming event by opening the manual valve in stages from 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with waiting time of 30 minutes each stage. Besides, solvent flow adjustment is carried out using HYSYS simulation to find optimal solvent flow requirements through ratio of flow balance between feed gas and lean solvent. This method aims to minimize heavy hydrocarbons dissolved in the solvent by optimizing absorption process. After implementing this method, a decrease occurred in the average solvent flow of 2,308 BPD at 10 MMSCFD feed gas, the pressure differential relatively stable at 3-4 psig which indicate no foaming event. Laboratory result shows that Heavy Hydrocarbon Content parameter were 60 mg/L and Particulate Matter Content (>0.45µm) was 22 mg/L. This method also extends the lifecycle of the solvent and has an impact on reducing the solvent packaging waste which categorized as toxic and hazardous waste.
Waqf Literature: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: M. Rusli  , Sukmana Raditya
Published: May 2024

Background -Waqf, an Islamic philanthropic institution with historical roots, has been a subject of scholarly interest and research across various disciplines. The literature on Waqf is extensive, reflecting the diverse aspects of this unique socio-economic and religious institution. This systematic literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing body of knowledge on Waqf, synthesizing key themes, methodologies, and findings from relevant studies. Objective –This review aims to trace the historical development of Waqf literature, identifying seminal works and key milestones that have shaped the discourse. Understanding the evolution of thought surrounding Waqf is essential for contextualizing contemporary discussions and policies. Methodology–A "Systematic Literature Review" is a systematic research method for collating, evaluating, and synthesising relevant literature in a particular field of research. This research collects and evaluates literature related to waqf, with a particular focus on systematic analysis. Result –In conclusion, this systematic literature review serves as a roadmap for navigating the vast landscape of Waqf literature, shedding light on its historical significance, legal intricacies, socio-economic implications, and contemporary challenges. Through this comprehensive exploration, the study aims to inspire further research, foster informed discussions, and contribute to the ongoing efforts to enhance the understanding and effective utilization of Waqf in the modern context.
Artificial Intelligence and Management Decision Making: a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Jalagat, Jr. Dr. Revenio C.
Published: May 2024

The main thrust of this paper is to explore global trends in the topic of AI integration in management decision-making. Bibliometric data and information were carried mainly from 2000-2023 to determine the extent of studies performed during these years. Data was collected from the Lens database and 1,770 publications from different platforms were analyzed using VOSviewer. Findings revealed that; the highest number of publications were found in 2023 and mostly from journals. The most active author was Bingzhen Sun with 6 documents and the most topics of investigation are artificial intelligence and knowledge management respectively. In the aspect of top journals in the field, the Journal of Business Ethics topped the list and most of the Top 10 journals are found in notable publishers such as Springer, Talor and Francis, and Science Direct. The top three productive countries in the field include the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. Most publications were seen at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the distribution of countries contributing to the field includes developed and emerging countries. While there is growing interest by scholars in publishing papers in 2019-2023 the researcher has found that there are still scarcities of diversity in co-authorship and bibliometric coupling involving different nations and regions. 2016-2019 accounted for more cases of bibliometric coupling than any other years from 1988-2023. Therefore, it is recommended that more studies be undertaken to address the scarcity of co-authorship and bibliometric coupling involving a diversity of countries like the Arabian and African regions. More studies can also be conducted in emerging countries to keep up with the trends in developed countries and more opportunities for collaboration.
The Influence of Product Quality, Price, Brand Image, Personal Selling, and Income on Purchasing Decisions of Hpai Products in Kotabaru
Authors: Sri Bintari Endah , Yusmaniar  , Naimah  , Kadir Abdul
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine and understand the influence of product quality, price, brand image, personal selling, and income on purchasing decisions of HPAI products in Kotabaru. This type of correlational research, namely to determine the relationship between independent variables, namely product quality, price, brand image, personal selling and income on the dependent variable of purchasing decisions. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis to determine the influence of each independent variable on the dependent variable. The research sample consisted of 60 people using the Slovin method. The results show that partially both product quality, price, brand image, personal selling, and income influence purchasing decisions, while simultaneously product quality, price, brand image, personal selling, and income significantly influence the purchasing decision variable of HPAI products in Kotabaru.
Does Laboratory Matters in Today’s High School Learning Environment?
Authors: Haedar Khairil Asnan , Ainurridho Muhammad , Cahyani Suci Indah
Published: May 2024

The study focused into the relationship between laboratory importance perceptions and academic performance in biology among private and public school students. Study sample involving 165 students from 5 private and 6 public senior high school across South Sulawesi, Indonesia. All private school only possessed an integrated science lab, while all public school owned at least 3 science labs (biology, chemistry, and physics). Evaluation on laboratory importance and biology test results proceed to reveal the importance of having designed laboratory to enhance biology learning outcome in the middle of technological advancement, where learning resource vary across platforms. Surprisingly, private schools, despite having lower scores in laboratory importance perception, achieved superior results in biology tests compared to public schools. This suggests that while laboratory experiences are valuable, they may not be the sole determinants of academic success. Other factors like teaching methods, curriculum depth, and student motivation likely contribute significantly. These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing student performance in biology and the need for a comprehensive approach to education. Understanding these dynamics can inform educational policies including funds allocation in a school and practices to optimize learning outcomes in biology subjects.
KAJIAN TERHADAP PEMILIHAN MEDIA DAN PENGIMPLEMENTASIANYA BAGI PESERTA DIDIK JENJANG SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Apriansyah Ryan , Azahra Yunisa , Insani Futri Nur , Setiawan Usep
Published: May 2024

Perkembangan zaman diera modern dan teknologi hari ini tentunya berpengaruh terhadap segala aspek dan berbagai bidang, khususnya pada bidang pendidikan. Perkembangan pada bidang pendidikan ini tentu banyak kita rasakan seperti halnya pada proses pembelajaran. Yang salah satu diantaranya media pembelajaran. Melalui tulisan ini kami mencoba mengkaji serta menelaah media pembelajaran yang isinya mengenai kajian terhadap bagaimana pemilihan serta bagaimana pengimplementasian media pembelajaran ini bagi peserta didik pada jenjang sekolah dasar (SD). Dengan media pembelajaran tentu akan membuat peserta didik menjadi lebih bergairah dan termotivasi ketika dalam proses pembelajaran dan dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran, kompetensi dan tujuan pembelajaran akan lebih mudah dicapai. Dan bagi peserta didik pada jenjang sekolah dasar (SD) sangat memerlukan alat bantu/perantara media karena menurut teori belaja Piaget, pada tahap ini anak hanya mampu untuk mengkelompokkan bentuk suatu benda akan tetapi belum sampai dalam tahap memecahkan suatu permasalahan yang abstrak. Indikator keberhasilan media pembelajaran dapat dilihat manakala peserta didik mampu menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh pendidik baik itu secara lisan maupun tes tertulis.
Finding reconnection lines and flux rope axes via local coordinates in global ion-kinetic magnetospheric simulations
Authors: Alho Markku , Cozzani Giulia , Zaitsev Ivan , Kebede Fasil Tesema , Ganse Urs , Battarbee Markus , Bussov Maarja , Dubart Maxime , Hoilijoki Sanni , Kotipalo Leo , Papadakis Konstantinos , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Suni Jonas , Tarvus Vertti , Workayehu Abiyot , Zhou Hongyang , Palmroth Minna
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection is a crucially important process for energy conversion in plasma physics, with the substorm cycle of Earth's magnetosphere and solar flares being prime examples. While 2D models have been widely applied to study reconnection, investigating reconnection in 3D is still, in many aspects, an open problem. Finding sites of magnetic reconnection in a 3D setting is not a trivial task, with several approaches, from topological skeletons to Lorentz transformations, having been proposed to tackle the issue. This work presents a complementary method for quasi-2D structures in 3D settings by noting that the magnetic field structures near reconnection lines exhibit 2D features that can be identified in a suitably chosen local coordinate system. We present applications of this method to a hybrid-Vlasov Vlasiator simulation of Earth's magnetosphere, showing the complex magnetic topologies created by reconnection for simulations dominated by quasi-2D reconnection. We also quantify the dimensionalities of magnetic field structures in the simulation to justify the use of such coordinate systems.
River ice analyses and roughness calculations using underwater drones and photogrammetric approach
Authors: Vaahtera Reeta , Välimäki Juha-Matti , Takala Tuure , Lotsari Eliisa
Published: May 2024

Abstract. In the Northern Hemisphere, freshwater ice forms a significant part of the cryosphere during winters. River ice cover strongly affects the hydrology and flow characteristics of northern rivers, and the effect can last for several months a year. The magnitude of this effect is on the other hand dependent on characteristics of the ice, especially on subsurface ice roughness. However, ice-covered areas have commonly remained unexplored due to challenging conditions and difficult access. This study focuses on developing an improved approach in studying river ice by applying cost-efficient underwater drone platform and camera solutions in studying the ice underside. Furthermore, the developed methodology utilises a photogrammetric approach, Structure from Motion. One key result of the study is a workflow for reconstructing a digital elevation model of the ice underside. It was found that applied photogrammetric approach also enables calculating roughness coefficient for the ice underside. The results of this study show that underwater drones enable studying river ice in more comprehensive and detailed way compared to conventional methods. Additionally, it is noted that applying Structure from Motion in mapping the ice underside can offer feasible approach in determining subsurface ice roughness, which has wider application potential in modelling fluvial processes in subarctic rivers under changing environmental conditions.
Efficient and stable coupling of the SuperdropNet deep-learning-based cloud microphysics (v0.1.0) with the ICON climate and weather model (v2.6.5)
Authors: Arnold Caroline , Sharma Shivani , Weigel Tobias , Greenberg David S.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can be used in Earth system models (ESMs) to emulate sub-grid-scale processes. Due to the statistical nature of ML algorithms and the high complexity of ESMs, these hybrid ML ESMs require careful validation. Simulation stability needs to be monitored in fully coupled simulations, and the plausibility of results needs to be evaluated in suitable experiments. We present the coupling of SuperdropNet, a machine learning model for emulating warm-rain processes in cloud microphysics, with ICON (Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic) model v2.6.5. SuperdropNet is trained on computationally expensive droplet-based simulations and can serve as an inexpensive proxy within weather prediction models. SuperdropNet emulates the collision–coalescence of rain and cloud droplets in a warm-rain scenario and replaces the collision–coalescence process in the two-moment cloud microphysics scheme. We address the technical challenge of integrating SuperdropNet, developed in Python and PyTorch, into ICON, written in Fortran, by implementing three different coupling strategies: embedded Python via the C foreign function interface (CFFI), pipes, and coupling of program components via Yet Another Coupler (YAC). We validate the emulator in the warm-bubble scenario and find that SuperdropNet runs stably within the experiment. By comparing experiment outcomes of the two-moment bulk scheme with SuperdropNet, we find that the results are physically consistent and discuss differences that are observed in several diagnostic variables. In addition, we provide a quantitative and qualitative computational benchmark for three different coupling strategies – embedded Python, coupler YAC, and pipes – and find that embedded Python is a useful software tool for validating hybrid ML ESMs.
The usefulness of Extended-Range Probabilistic Forecasts for Heat wave forecasts in Europe
Authors: Korhonen Natalia , Hyvärinen Otto , Kollanus Virpi , Lanki Timo , Jokisalo Juha , Kosonen Risto , Richardson David S. , Jylhä Kirsti
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Severe heat waves lasting for weeks and expanding over hundreds of kilometres in horizontal scale have many harmful impacts on health, ecosystems, societies, and economy. Under the ongoing climate change heat waves are becoming even longer and hotter, and as proactive adaptation, the development of early warning services is essential. Weather forecasts in extended range (2 weeks to 1 month) tend to indicate a higher skill in predicting warm extremes than average temperature events in Europe. We verified hindcasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in forecasting heat wave days, i.e., periods with the 5-day mean temperature being above its 90th percentile. The verification was done in 5° × 2° resolution over Europe, based on the forecast week (1 to 4 weeks). In the first forecast week, it is evident that across Europe, the accuracy of ECMWF heat wave forecasts surpasses that of a mere climatological forecast. Even into the second week, in many places in Europe, the ECMWF forecasts prove to be more reliable than their statistical counterparts. However, if we extend the forecast lead time to 3–4 weeks, predictability begins to lower to such a level that it can no longer be said, with the exception of Southeastern Europe, that the forecasts in general were statistically significantly better than the statistical forecast. Nonetheless, intense and prolonged heat waves during the third forecast weeks appear to have a higher-than-average level of predictability.
Municipal rents in private hands: a comparative approach to the indirect collection of fiscal and judicial rights in medieval Loulé and Porto (late 14th - early 16th centuries)
Authors: Rosa Catarina
Published: May 2024

By the second half of the 14th century, leasing municipal rents to private individuals (known as tax farming) was already prevailing in most Portuguese municipalities. In this paper, we will study this system of rent collection in two urban centers: Porto and Loulé, in the period between the end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 16th century. In particular, we intend to determine the sociological profile of the tax farmers operating in those two urban contexts, as well as their relationship with local power and royal administration. Ultimately, we expect to identify dynamics of upward and downward social mobility linked to participation in this business, while verifying whether tax farming worked as a platform for social advancement or a consequence of already belonging to the ruling elite. In order to achieve these results, we will analyze the accounting books, and town council minutes available.
El comercio de las lanas finas del partido mesteño de Cuenca entre los siglos XIV y XVII
Authors: Diago Hernando Máximo
Published: May 2024

El partido de Cuenca era uno de los cuatro en que se agrupaban los ganaderos miembros del Concejo de la Mesta que eran vecinos de lugares de las sierras. Pero también incorporó ganaderos avecindados en lugares de las tierras llanas, en su mayoría ubicados en la actual provincia de Ciudad Real. En este artículo el autor analiza el comercio de las lanas producidas por los ganados trashumantes de los vecinos del ámbito serrano del partido, principalmente de Cuenca y Molina de Aragón con sus aldeas. Profundiza en la caracterización de dichas lanas, diferenciándolas de las bastas producidas por el ganado estante, e informa sobre su calidad y precio. Identifica a los mercaderes que comerciaron con ellas, y da cuenta de sus procedimientos de contratación y su influencia sobre los precios.
Podatność testamentów życia na zagrożenia
Authors: Ara Pinilla Ignacio
Published: May 2024

Testament życia jest zwykle rozumiany jako ostateczna manifestacja zasady autonomii jednostki. To autonomia najdalej posunięta, autonomia osoby ostrożnej, która – w warunkach braku jakichkolwiek ograniczeń fizycznych czy intelektualnych – chce zapewnić przyszłe zeń skorzystanie. Jego uruchomienie wiąże się wszakże z niejakim ryzykiem, wynikającym z samej logiki zasady autonomii; po pierwsze z tej racji, że upowszechnienie podpisywania testamentów życia prowadzić może do pewnego lekceważenia autonomii tych, którzy decydują się jednak nie sygnować takiego dokumentu; po drugie zaś ze względu na ryzyko, że wola wyrażona w przeszłości – niekiedy nader odległej – przeważy nad obecną, milczącą (dorozumianą) wolą osoby, która utraciła już intelektualne kompetencje. Aby więc testament życia mógł zachować pełną moc prawną, proponuje się wprowadzenie wymagania okresowego odnawiania podpisu pod tym normatywnym dokumentem.
Suwerenność energetyczna na kanwie pakietu „Gotowi na 55”. Część 2
Authors: Gontarski Waldemar , Parchimowicz- Gontarska Iwona
Published: May 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu – złożonego z dwóch części – jest wykładnia jednego z najtrudniejszych przepisów traktatowych Unii Europejskiej, zawartego w art. 194 ust. 2 akapit drugi Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii, wprowadzającego krajową suwerenność energetyczną. Sformułowane w art. 194 ust. 2 akapit drugi odesłanie do art. 192 ust. 2 lit. c należy rozumieć w ten sposób, że jeśli przy przyjmowaniu środków w dziedzinie środowiska cele energetyczne (art. 194 ust. 1) nie przeważają nad celami środowiskowymi (art. 191) i spełniona jest co najmniej jedna z przesłanek suwerenności energetycznej (art. 194 ust. 2 akapit drugi), podstawą traktatową staje się art. 192 ust. 2 lit. c (jednomyślność Rady). Dopiero gdy nie zachodzi nawet jedna z trzech sformułowanych alternatywnie przesłanek suwerenności energetycznej, a cele energetyczne przeważają nad środowiskowymi, stosujemy zwykłą procedurę prawodawczą przewidzianą w art. 194 ust. 2 akapit pierwszy. Uwspólnotowienie suwerenności energetycznej polega jedynie na braniu pod uwagę solidarności energetycznej (art. 194 ust. 1), a w zakresie doraźnym na przyjmowaniu środków stosownych do sytuacji gospodarczej (art. 122 ust. 1), z uwzględnieniem deklaracji nr 35 odnoszącej się do art. 194, która – poprzez odesłanie do dwóch przepisów traktatowych – wzmacnia samodzielność energetyczną państw członkowskich w warunkach kryzysu, w rozumieniu art. 347, do tego stopnia, że praktycznie oznacza konieczność co najmniej rewizji zaproponowanego przez Komisję Europejską pakietu „Gotowi na 55”. W myśl art. 194 ust. 2 akapit drugi w zw. z art. 194 ust. 1 (zasada solidarności), transformacja energetyczna ma być krajowa, a nie unijna, ale z uwzględnieniem traktatowej zasady solidarności energetycznej – odrzucanej przez Niemcy przed Trybunałem Sprawiedliwości UE (Niemcy/Polska, C-848/19 P) po to, aby zwiększyć uzależnienie UE od dostaw rosyjskiego gazu. W „Gotowi na 55” przepisy te pominięto, chociaż z treści części zawartych tam wniosków ustawodawczych wynika, że zachodzą przesłanki stosowania tych regulacji. Nie tylko w piśmiennictwie polskim brakuje publikacji dotyczących podstaw traktatowych wniosków zamieszczonych w „Gotowi na 55”.
Aspekty prawne sztucznej inteligencji na gruncie prawa Unii Europejskiej. Część 1
Authors: Kusznieruk Piotr , Zemke-Górecka Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

Postęp technologiczny w ciągu ostatnich lat doprowadził do rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji (AI). Pomimo braku jednej przyjętej definicji tego pojęcia za system SI uznaje się oprogramowania, które naśladują ludzkie procesy myślowe. Sztuczna inteligencja niesie ze sobą wiele pozytywnych aspektów, jednak może zarazem prowadzić do naruszenia praw podstawowych jednostek. W związku z tym konieczne jest takie uregulowanie procesów związanych z dynamicznie rozwijającą się technologią, aby odbywały się one w sposób bezpieczny i godny zaufania. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie i omówienie aspektów prawnych sztucznej inteligencji na gruncie prawa Unii Europejskiej.
Charakter prawny i treść umowy o arbitraż
Authors: Nazaruk Piotr
Published: May 2024

W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy charakteru prawnego oraz postanowień umowy o arbitraż, która w Polsce jest określana zwyczajowo i ustawowo jako za pis na sąd polubowny. Umowa o arbitraż jest czynnością, przez którą strony pod dają spór pod rozstrzygnięcie sądu arbitrażowego (zwanego też polubownym) i jednocześnie wyłączają właściwość sądu powszechnego w sprawach cywilnych. Charakter prawny umowy o arbitraż jest ściśle powiązany z charakterem prawnym sądownictwa arbitrażowego. Na gruncie ustawodawstwa polskiego jedni uznają umowę o arbitraż za umowę prawa cywilnego materialnego, inni zaliczają ją do umów z zakresu prawa postępowania cywilnego, jeszcze inni przypisują jej charakter mieszany, materialno-procesowy. Autor artykułu opowiada się za charakterem mieszanym umowy o arbitraż oraz za materialno-procesową teorią sądownictwa arbitrażowego. Poza tym w artykule dokonano analizy treści umowy o arbitraż. Wyeksponowano m.in. obligatoryjne postanowienia wynikające z art. 1161 k.p.c. oraz postanowienia fakultatywne, które są kształtowane w ramach autonomii woli stron.
Postępowanie regulacyjne Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w RP przed Międzykościelną Komisją Regulacyjną
Authors: Zamirski Konrad
Published: May 2024

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy postępowania regulacyjnego wszczętego wobec nieruchomości dawniej należących do Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w RP. Postępowanie dotyczy trzech nieruchomości miejscowościach w województwie podlaskim. Autor ukazuje także zasady działania Międzykościelnej Komisji Regulacyjnej na podstawie przepisów polskiej ustawy o gwarancjach wolności sumienia i wyznania oraz rozporządzenia w sprawie szczegółowego trybu postępowania regulacyjnego przed Międzykościelną Komisją Regulacyjną. Opis poszczególnych spraw jest odzwierciedleniem specyfiki tego postępowania w porównaniu do innych postępowań o charakterze administracyjnym. Jednocześnie przedstawiono ważne aspekty, jakimi są kwestie bytu prawnego Muzułmańskiego Związku Religijnego w RP, który był wnioskodawcą tego postępowania – trwającego dwadzieścia lat.
Tajemniczy owoc zatrutego drzewa
Authors: Kruminis-Łozowski Stanisław
Published: May 2024

Artykuł jest próbą analizy z perspektywy historycznej instytucji: reguły wykluczenia dowodów oraz owoców zatrutego drzewa. Są to instytucje prawne anglosaskiego prawa procesowego silnie zakorzenione na gruncie amerykańskim oraz brytyjskim. Nie mają one odzwierciedlenia w systemach prawnych krajów europejskich. Z tych względów ich obecny zasięg jest stosunkowo ograniczony, w klasycznej bowiem wersji występują jedynie w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej, niemniej jednak w niektórych jurysdykcjach europejskich pojawiają się pewne instytucje prawa zbliżone do ER oraz FPT, choć bez wątpienia mocno zmodyfikowane w stosunku do amerykańskiego wzorca.
Comparative Performance of Strategies for Conjunctive Use of Fresh and Saline Water to Grow Wheat Crop
Authors: C.P.S. Chauhan  , R.B. Singh  , S.K. Gupta
Published: May 2024

In arid lI!ld semi-arid regions, ground water is mainly saline in nature. It is open to question,
whether such waters could be exploited to meet the crop water requirement. The experimental evidences generated world over reveal that it could be achieved through conjunctive use. Recently, some conflicting reports have appeared on the relative merits of different modes of conjunctive use i.e. cyclic, switching and mixing modes. A field experiment was conducted during 2001-02 and 2002-03 using low (3.6 dS m-1)  and highly saline water (15 dS m-1)  to show that with appropriate conjunctive mode even highly saline waters could be used to grow wheat crop. It has been shown that substitution of a part of the irrigation water requirement with highly saline water affected the wheat crop less adversely than when all irrigations were given with high salinity water. Yield, as high as 95% of the yield with low saline water could be obtained with cyclic mode (low saline-high saline water cycle) or switching mode (first 2 or 3 irrigations with low saline followed by all irrigations with highly saline water). Both the strategies were equally effective provided low saline water is applied at pre-sowing and/or initial growth stages of the wheat crop. At the same salt load, the mixing mode tried in this study could also give more than 90 % of the yield obtained with low saline water. The yield differences under the three best treatments (one each under the three strategies) with equal salt load were non-significant. The yield in the case of cyclic mode (highly saline-low saline) or switching mode (highly saline followed by low saline) was less than their counterparts (low-high saline cycle or switching) as well as the mixing mode. Apparently, salt stress at germination and initial establishment stages affected the crop performance. If it is so, the yield under mixing mode could be improved provided mixing ratio is varied with stage of growth although total salt load could be the same. Therefore, the conclusion regarding miling mode drawn from th.is study should be treated as temporary till more results are obtained in future studies. It emerges that one can manage the matric and osmotic stresses with conjunctive use to get high yields and ensure sustainability of irrigated agriculture. For developing an effective strategy crop characteristics, water qualities in hand and the past experiences should play an important role.
Development of Seed Extracting Machine for Brinjal
Authors: D.C. Joshi  , R.F. Sutar  , D.K. Vyas
Published: May 2024

A mechanical brinjal seed extractor was developed. The test results observed that at higher rotational speed, the recovery was higher and at lower speed seed recovery was lower. The average dimensions of the brinjal fruit i.e. the length, diameter (min) & diameter (max) were 122.27, 26.0 and 38.9 mm respectively. The bulk density' of the brinjal was 378 kg 1m3• The seed extraction capacity by machine and manual seed extraction is 206.25 and 15.05 kg/hr respectively. The seed extraction cost by mechanical seed extraction is 5 times less that of manual seed extraction. If the machine is operated for 8 hr per day, cost of the machine is recovered in only 17 days of operation.
Degradasi Kantong Plastik Oxo-Degradable dan Limbah Polietilena Menggunakan Metode Kolom Winogradsky
Authors: Suyatmo Reviana Inda Dwi , Wiasih Hanifah Fitrah Putri
Published: May 2024

Saat ini penggunaan polimer semakin meluas sehingga mengakibatkan limbah semakin meningkat. Menurut Badan Pusat Statistik, Indonesia menghasilkan 64 juta ton sampah plastik  setiap tahunnya.  Namun plastik  polimer membutuhkan waktu  lama untuk terurai.  Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi waktu degradasi adalah dengan memproduksi kantong plastik yang lebih cepat terurai. Selain itu, upaya lain untuk mengurangi sampah plastik dapat dilakukan dengan mengembangkan metode yang dapat mempersingkat waktu penguraian plastik.  Salah satu metode tersebut adalah metode kolom Winogradsky, dimana polimer dan bakteri ditempatkan di wadah yang sama. Bakteri selanjutnya akan mengonsumsi polimer dan memecah ikatannya. Degradasi dapat dikatakan berhasil dengan terlihatnya penurunan massa polimer. Pada penelitian ini, diamati degradasi untuk jenis kantong plastik oxo-degradable, limbah polietilen densitas tinggi (HDPE), dan limbah polietilen densitas rendah (LDPE) selama 30 hari. Variable yang diamati adalah perubahan massa, pH, suhu, dan gugus fungsi, serta dilakukan juga pemodelan dekomposisi dengan memperkirakan waktu yang diperlukan agar platik dapat terdegradasi 99% dengan menggunakan pemodelan kinetika mendekati orde 0, 1, dan 2. Hasil yang didapatkan, ketiga limbah mengalami penurunan massa hingga 60%; 3%; dan 1%, serta perubahan pH menjadi 4 pada hari ke-1, kemudian menjadi 6 dan konstan dari hari ke-5 hingga hari ke-30. Suhu pada ketiga limbah fluktuatif namun cenderung meningkat, berkisar antara 29-33oC. Hasil pengujian gugus fungsi menunjukkan adanya pergeseran bilangan gelombang. Pergeseran yang terjadi mengindikasikan adanya peregangan polimer akibat adanya degradasi. Berdasarkan pemodelan degradasi, diperoleh orde 1 paling mendekati untuk kantong plastik oxo-degradable dan limbah LDPE dimana kedua jenis polimer ini diprediksi akan terdegradasi 99% dalam kurun waktu 166 hari dan 450 hari. Untuk limbah HDPE, data yang dikumpulkan tidak cocok didekati oleh pemodelan orde 0, 1, maupun 2.
Improving Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent Sample CollectionTechniquestoLowerCulture-Negative Peritonitis Rate: A Single-Center Experience
Authors:   e, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA, Saggi Subodh J.
Published: May 2024

Peritonitis remains the most feared complication of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), but cultures are often negative. Our study was aimed to determine if improving the collection techniques of peritoneal fluid would reduce the rates of Culture Negative Peritonitis (CNP) as recommended in the 2020 ISPD guidelines.
Approaches to Building a Business Cycle Tracer Based on the Example of the Russian
Manufacturing Industry
Authors:   Omsk Regional Division of the
            Siberian Main Branch of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Dostoevsky Omsk
            State University, Shcherbakov Vasilii , Gartvich Roman ,   Dostoevsky Omsk State
            University, Omsk Region Branch of the Siberian Main Directorate of the Central Bank of
            the Russian Federation
Published: May 2024

The importance of studying business cycles is determined by the scale of their
impact on the economy and society, which leads to the need to develop methods to
counteract their negative impact. Given the complexity of the topic and the many
theories and debates in the field, there is a need for a simple tool to present business
cycle information in an intuitive way for a wide audience. Such a tool is a business
cycle tracer. This article is devoted to testing the possibility of using three
approaches for its construction: the first (trend approach) is based on information
whether the cycle is above or below the long-term trend, and whether it is increasing or
decreasing; the second (growth rate approach) is whether the growth rates are above
zero, and they are growing or decreasing compared to the neighboring time period; the
third (fact-expectation approach) is whether estimates of the current situation and
expectations are above or below zero (trend, long–term average, etc.). The work used
data on the dynamics of output, the volume of future orders and the results of surveys
of the manufacturing industry. The article shows that the first approach works best and
allows you to clearly define the phases and turning points of the business cycle. The
second approach makes it possible to identify phases of the business cycle, but has some
disadvantages: jumps in the series from one quadrant to another and back near the
boundary values occur, which complicates the analysis. The third approach is not
acceptable for constructing a tracer, since it does not allow us to fully identify all
phases of the business cycle and may have dynamics that do not correspond to the general
logic of business cycles. The article also demonstrates the high relationship between
the business cycles of the manufacturing industry and the business climate indicator of
the Bank of Russia (data from business surveys of enterprises), indicating a change in
the dynamics of the business cycle with 1-3 months ahead of statistics. Given the faster
publication of survey results than statistical data, it can be used as a leading
indicator.
The Concept of Industrial Revolutions: the Contribution of N. Wiener and A.I.
Anchishkin
Authors:   National Research University
            «Higher School of Economics», Gloveli Georgii , Zaitseva Mariya ,   National Research University
            «Higher School of Economics», Minaeva Elizaveta ,   National Research University
            «Higher School of Economics»
Published: May 2024

The article examines the concepts of two industrial revolutions by the founder of
cybernetics, N. Wiener, and three industrial revolutions by the founder of the Russian
school of macroeconomic forecasting, academician A.I. Anchishkin, in the context of the
evolution of economic concepts of the second Industrial Revolution and the scientific
and technical revolution (STR). The shift in the meaning of the concept of the second
industrial revolution is revealed – from the reformist synonym of the STR to a
retrospective characterization of global shifts in technology and the world economy
during the second half of the XIX century and early XX century. Special attention is
paid to the infrastructural aspects of the second industrial revolution. The
contribution of the Russian political economist A.I. Chuprov and the founder of graphic
neoclassicism A. Marshall to their understanding is emphasized.
PENGARUH KONSELING TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERKAIT GIZI PRAKONSEPSI PADA SANTRIWATI PENGHAFAL AL QUR’AN
Authors: Nihayah Fina Tahiyatun , Sholichah Farohatus , Darmuin Darmuin
Published: May 2024

The tradition of arranged marriages was still strong in Islamic boarding schools, so knowledge and attitudes related to preconception nutrition in female students need special attention. The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of preconception nutrition counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of female students. The study was an experimental research with one group pre-post test. The sample in this study consisted of female students at Madrosatul Qur'anil Aziziyyah Islamic Boarding School, Bringin, Ngaliyan District, Semarang City, who had finished memorizing the Qur'an. Sampling was total sampling, as many as 30 female students. Counseling about preconception nutrition using leaflet that has been tested with validity test. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate. The effect of preconception nutrition counseling on female students knowledge and attitudes was analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. All respondents experienced an increase in knowledge after receiving counseling. Respondents experienced an increase in knowledge from less to enough (23.3%),  from less to good (73.3%), and from enough to good (3.4%). The majority of respondents also experienced an increase in attitude from less to enough (10%),  from less to good (10%), and from enough to good (60%). There was an effect of preconception nutrition counseling on knowledge and attitudes of respondents. Tradisi perjodohan masih kental terjadi di lingkungan pondok pesantren, sehingga pengetahuan dan sikap terkait gizi prakonsepsi pada santriwati perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konseling gizi prakonsepsi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap santriwati. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan one grup pre-post test. Sampel pada penelitian ini terdiri atas santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Madrosatul Qur’anil Aziziyyah, Bringin, Kecamatan Ngaliyan, Kota Semarang yang telah selesai menghafal Qur’an. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan total sampling, yaitu sebanyak 30 santriwati. Konseling seputar gizi prakonsepsi dengan menggunakan media leaflet yang telah diuji validitas. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Pengaruh konseling gizi prakonsepsi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap santriwati dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Semua santriwati mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan setelah mendapatkan konseling. Santriwati mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan dari rendah menjadi cukup (23,3%), rendah menjadi baik (73,3%), dan cukup menjadi baik (3,4%). Mayoritas santriwati juga mengalami peningkatan sikap dari rendah menjadi cukup (10,0%), rendah menjadi baik (10,0%), dan cukup menjadi baik (60,0%). Terdapat pengaruh konseling gizi prakonsepsi terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap santriwati.
Решение проблемы автомобилизации городов на примере развитых стран
Authors: Аубекерова Ж. , Краснощекова Е. , Қоңыртаева Қ.
Published: May 2024

Осы мақалада қалаларды автомобильдеу проблемалары және дамыған елдерде көлік жүйелерін ұйымдастырудың мысалдары қарастырылады.

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы городской каризации и примеры организации транспортных систем в развитых странах.

This article discusses the issues of urban carization and examples of the organization of transport systems in developed countries.