bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases with Cardiovascular
Involvement: Insights from Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance – A
Review
Authors: Christidi Aikaterini , Mavrogeni Sophie I.
Published: May 2022

The identification of rare diseases with cardiovascular involvement poses
significant diagnostic challenges due to the rarity of the diseases, but also
due to the lack of knowledge and expertise. Most of them remain underrecognized
and undiagnosed, leading to clinical mismanagement and affecting the
patients’ prognosis, as these diseases are per definition
life-threatening or chronic debilitating. This article reviews the
cardiovascular involvement of the most well-known rare metabolic and endocrine
diseases and their diagnostic approach through the lens of cardiovascular
magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and its prognostic role, highlighting its
fundamental value compared to other imaging modalities.
Turbulent channel flow of a binary mixture of neutrally buoyant ellipsoidal particles
Authors: Zhu Chenlin , Qian Lijuan , Lin Zhaowu , Yu Zhaosheng
Published: May 2022

A turbulent channel flow of a binary mixture of finite-size neutrally buoyant ellipsoidal particles is studied by using a parallel direct-forcing fictitious domain method at a friction Reynolds number of 180 and the particle aspect ratios of 1/3 (oblate particle) and 4 (prolate particle), respectively. The total particle volume fraction is fixed at 14.16% and 21.24% and the relative fraction of prolate and oblate particles are varied. The mean velocity profile normalized by the bulk velocity shows a strong difference between the single phase flow and particulate flow, while showing a small difference between mono-disperse and bi-disperse particulate flow cases. The lower fluid and particle Reynolds stress contributions in a high oblate particle volume fraction ratio cases lead to the drag reduction. Under moderate particle volume concentration, the oblate and prolate particle results show self-similarity of velocity profiles of solid phase, including particle velocity, concentration, orientation, and rotation. Both kinds of ellipsoidal particles tend to align their long axes with the streamwise direction in the whole channel.
Physics-informed data based neural networks for two-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Kag Vijay , Seshasayanan Kannabiran , Gopinath Venkatesh
Published: May 2022

Turbulence remains a problem that is yet to be fully understood, with experimental and numerical studies aiming to fully characterize the statistical properties of turbulent flows. Such studies require huge amount of resources to capture, simulate, store, and analyze the data. In this work, we present physics-informed neural network (PINN) based methods to predict flow quantities and features of two-dimensional turbulence with the help of sparse data in a rectangular domain with periodic boundaries. While the PINN model can reproduce all the statistics at large scales, the small scale properties are not captured properly. We introduce a new PINN model that can effectively capture the energy distribution at small scales performing better than the standard PINN based approach. It relies on the training of the low and high wavenumber behavior separately leading to a better estimate of the full turbulent flow. With 0.1% training data, we observe that the new PINN model captures the turbulent field at inertial scales leading to a general agreement of the kinetic energy spectra up to eight to nine decades as compared with the solutions from direct numerical simulation. We further apply these techniques to successfully capture the statistical behavior of large scale modes in the turbulent flow. We believe such methods to have significant applications in enhancing the retrieval of existing turbulent data sets at even shorter time intervals.
Small deformation theory for a magnetic droplet in a rotating field
Authors: Stikuts A. P. , Perzynski R. , Cēbers A.
Published: May 2022

A three-dimensional small deformation theory is developed to examine the motion of a magnetic droplet in a uniform rotating magnetic field. The equations describing the droplet's shape evolution are derived using two different approaches—a phenomenological equation for the tensor describing the anisotropy of the droplet and the hydrodynamic solution using the perturbation theory. We get a system of ordinary differential equations for the parameters describing the droplet's shape, which we further analyze for the particular case when the droplet's elongation is in the plane of the rotating field. The qualitative behavior of this system is governed by a single dimensionless quantity τω—the product of the characteristic relaxation time of small perturbations and the angular frequency of the rotating magnetic field. Values of τω determine whether the droplet's equilibrium will be closer to an oblate or a prolate shape, as well as whether its shape will undergo oscillations as it settles to this equilibrium. We show that for small deformations, the droplet pseudo-rotates in the rotating magnetic field—its long axis follows the field, which is reminiscent of a rotation; nevertheless, the torque exerted on the surrounding fluid is zero. We compare the analytic results with boundary element simulation to determine their accuracy and the limits of the small deformation theory.
Suppress the vibration of tool system in milling process
Authors: Peng Binbin , Yan Xianguo , Du Juan
Published: May 2022

A nonlinear energy sink (NES) is used to suppress the vibration of the tool system in milling operations. The corresponding theoretical analysis is done on the nonlinear vibration absorption characteristics of NES. First, the dynamic model of the milling tool system and the milling force are analyzed. The dynamic model and equation of the tool-NES system are then deduced. The approximate analytical solution is solved by the harmonic balance method, and the correctness of the analytical solution is verified by the numerical solution. The numerical simulation reveals the suppression effect of NES on the transient vibration and steady vibration of the tool system.
Sustainable LiCoO
2
by collective glide of CoO
6
slabs upon charge/discharge
Authors: Li Shuai , Sun Yang , Gao Ang , Zhang Qinghua , Lu Xueyi , Lu Xia
Published: May 2022

Significance

Traditional views indicate that the well-known layered LiCoO
2
cathode delivers a typical solid-solution reaction upon delithiation. The problem is that “solid solution” is a vague concept, and the phase transition remains ambiguous. Here, we reveal a mechanism with the collective and quasi-continuous glide of CoO
6
slabs in layered LiCoO
2
through combining in situ XRD and ex situ STEM characterizations. Such a delithiation mechanism does not involve the nucleation-and-growth-type delithiation process and represents a completely different manner from the conventional two-phase or solid solution–phase transition processes. The lessons provide a different insight into understanding the working mechanism of layered oxide materials.
Brain-wide interactions during hippocampal sharp wave ripples
Authors: Nitzan Noam , Swanson Rachel , Schmitz Dietmar , Buzsáki György
Published: May 2022

Significance

Bidirectional communication between the hippocampus and other brain areas via sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) has been hypothesized to play an important role in cognitive functions. However, brain-wide coupling to SPW-Rs has been difficult to study at high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we show that SPW-Rs coincide with transient brain-wide increase of functional connectivity. The diversity in SPW-R features was related to slower excitability fluctuations in cortical and subcortical areas. In return, SPW-Rs correlated with the timing, sign, and magnitude of partner structure responses. Our findings provide the most extensive survey of spiking activity surrounding hippocampal SPW-Rs to date.
GIMAP6 regulates autophagy, immune competence, and inflammation in mice and humans
Authors: Yao Yikun , Du Jiang Ping , Chao Brittany N. , Cagdas Deniz , Kubo Satoshi , Balasubramaniyam Arasu , Zhang Yu , Shadur Bella , NaserEddin Adeeb , Folio Les R. , Schwarz Benjamin , Bohrnsen Eric , Zheng Lixin , Lynberg Matthew , Gottlieb Simone , Leney-Greene Michael A. , Park Ann Y. , Tezcan Ilhan , Akdogan Ali , Gocmen Rahsan , Onder Sevgen , Rosenberg Avi , Soilleux Elizabeth J. , Johnson Errin , Jackson Peter K. , Demeter Janos , Chauvin Samuel D. , Paul Florian , Selbach Matthias , Bulut Haydar , Clatworthy Menna R. , Tuong Zewen K. , Zhang Hanlin , Stewart Benjamin J. , Bosio Catharine M. , Stepensky Polina , Clare Simon , Ganesan Sundar , Pascall John C. , Daumke Oliver , Butcher Geoffrey W. , McMichael Andrew J. , Simon Anna Katharina , Lenardo Michael J.
Published: May 2022

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) unveil regulatory pathways of human immunity. We describe a new IEI caused by mutations in the GTPase of the immune-associated protein 6 (GIMAP6) gene in patients with infections, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, and multiorgan vasculitis. Patients and Gimap6−/− mice show defects in autophagy, redox regulation, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)–containing lipids. We find that GIMAP6 complexes with GABARAPL2 and GIMAP7 to regulate GTPase activity. Also, GIMAP6 is induced by IFN-γ and plays a critical role in antibacterial immunity. Finally, we observed that Gimap6−/− mice died prematurely from microangiopathic glomerulosclerosis most likely due to GIMAP6 deficiency in kidney endothelial cells.
Possible collective band in neutron-rich 119Sn *
Authors: Sun Da-Peng , Bai Hong-Fei , Xu Wen-Zheng , Wang Shou-Yu , Wu Xiao-Guang , Jia Hui , Liu Chen , Qi Bin , Li Guang-Sheng , Zheng Yun , Li Cong-Bo , Li Zhi-Quan , Wang Shuo , Mu Lin , Zhang Nai-Bo , Guo Rui-Ju , Rohilla Aman
Published: May 2022

Excited states of 119Sn have been studied using an in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic technique following the incomplete fusion of 7Li on a 116Cd target at a beam energy of 42 MeV. A new bandlike structure is proposed to result from deformed two-particle-two-hole (2p-2h) proton excitations across the Z = 50 closed shell based on the systematics of odd-A Sn isotopes and configuration-fixed constrained triaxial relativistic mean-field calculations. This observation extends the boundaries of the deformed 2p-2h collective band to A = 119 in Sn isotopes.
A Search for Exoplanets in Open Clusters and Young Associations based on TESS Objects of Interest
Authors: Sun Qinghui , Xuesong Wang Sharon , Gan Tianjun , Mann Andrew W.
Published: May 2022

We report the results of our search for planet candidates in open clusters and young stellar associations based on the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) Objects of Interest Catalog. We find one confirmed planet, one promising candidate, one brown dwarf and three unverified planet candidates in a sample of 1229 open clusters from the second Gaia data release. We discuss individual planet-star systems based on their basic parameters, membership probability and the observation notes from the ExoFOP-TESS website. We also find ten planet candidates (P > 95%) in young stellar associations by using the BANYAN Σ Multivariate Bayesian Algorithm. Among the ten candidates, five are known planetary systems. We estimate the rotation periods of the host stars using the TESS light curves and estimate their ages based on gyrochronology. Two candidates with periodic variations are likely to be young planets, but their exact memberships to young stellar associations remain unknown.
Perceptions of a virtual interview process for pharmacy residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multisite survey of residency candidates, preceptors, and residency program directors
Authors: Beechinor Ryan J , Eche Ifeoma Mary , Edmonds Nicholas , Mordino Jason , Serafin Hope , Roller Lauren , Spracklin Tasleem , Hayes Genevieve , Hamby Aaron , Mediwala Krutika N , Armstrong Drew L , Rogers Maegan L , Baje Mark A , Lee Helen S , Lee Kelly C , Lepkowsky Marcie , Li Fanny , Morris Mandy , Quan Rita Jue , Yamamoto Christopher , Ohler Kirsten H , Kraft Mike D , Starosta Kate , Parker Tricia , Poole Patricia
Published: May 2022

Disclaimer

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Purpose

To describe the perceptions of residency candidates, residency practitioners (current residents and preceptors), and residency program directors (RPDs) regarding a virtual interview process for pharmacy residency programs across multiple institutions.

Methods

In May 2021, an anonymous web-based questionnaire characterizing perceptions of the virtual interview process used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was distributed to residency candidates, residency practitioners, and RPDs across 13 institutions. Quantitative responses measured on a 5-point Likert scale were summarized with descriptive statistics, and open-ended questions were analyzed using thematic qualitative methods.

Results

236 residency candidates and 253 residency practitioners/RPDs completed the questionnaire, yielding response rates of 27.8% (236 of 848), and 38.1% (253 of 663), respectively. Overall, both groups perceived the virtual interview format positively. When asked whether virtual interviews should replace in-person interviews moving forward, 60.0% (18 of 30) of RPDs indicated they agreed or strongly agreed, whereas only 30.5% (61 of 200) of current preceptors/residents and 28.7% (66 of 230) of residency candidates agreed or strongly agreed. Thematic analysis of qualitative responses revealed that while virtual interviews were easier logistically, the lack of in-person interactions was a common concern for many stakeholders. Lastly, the majority (65.0%) of residency candidates reported greater than $1,000 in savings with virtual interviews.

Conclusion

Virtual interviews offered logistical and financial benefits. The majority of RPDs were in favor of offering virtual interviews to replace in-person interviews, whereas the majority of residency candidates and practitioners preferred on-site interviews. As restrictions persist with the ongoing pandemic, our results provide insight into best practices for virtual pharmacy residency interviews.
The Importance of Patient Mindset: Cosmetic Injectable Patient Experience Exploratory Study—Part 1
Authors: McDonald Cara B , Hart Sarah , Liew Steven , Heydenrych Izolda
Published: May 2022

Background

To meet the needs of each individual cosmetic injectable patient, focus is moving toward a detailed, patient-centered, holistic consultation with pretreatment exploration of the patient’s mindset. The Cosmetic Injectables Patient Experience Exploratory Study (CIPEES) was developed to explore patient motivation, mindset, engagement, and factors impacting the patient-practitioner relationship.

Objectives

In order to best meet the needs of individual aesthetic patients, the authors examine the variability and importance of mindset factors in patients seeking cosmetic injectables.

Methods

A study was conducted through an online survey. Participants were asked to respond to a series of statements concerning their thoughts and feelings around appearance, treatment goals, and motivating factors. Participants were asked to select one of the following: “describes me well,” “somewhat describes me,” or “does not describe me.”

Results

In total, 1269 participants completed the relevant survey question. Respondents were 95.6% female and 4.4% male, with ages ranging from 18 to > 65 years old (median 33 years old). Responses were also analyzed according to age group. Data analysis revealed a majority of respondents seeking natural results, with a 15%-20% minority considering a “done” look to be acceptable or even ideal. High numbers of respondents reported being critical of their own appearance and concerned about a specific feature to be “fixed.”

Conclusions

Exploring the nuances of patient mindset will assist practitioners in meeting the unique needs of each patient and may also help them to avoid treating patients whose requirements or expectations are outside their circle of competence.
The Importance of Functional Quality in Patient Satisfaction: Cosmetic Injectable Patient Experience Exploratory Study—Part 2
Authors: McDonald Cara B , Heydenrych Izolda
Published: May 2022

Background

Quality assessment comprises 2 distinct forms: technical quality (TQ) and functional quality (FQ). On the one hand, TQ describes accuracy and excellence, the degree to which procedures are done “correctly.” On the other hand, FQ is the way services are delivered and represents how the customer perceives and experiences the treatment or service.

Objectives

To determine the relative importance of functional quality factors in the care of cosmetic injectable patients and return patronage.

Methods

The Cosmetic Injectable Patient Experience Exploratory Study (CIPEES) survey assessed reasons for return patronage to a specific cosmetic injector and the correlation between satisfaction with cosmetic results (patient assessment of TQ) and respondents’ trust level in their practitioner, a marker for FQ.

Results

The CIPEES survey collected 1488 responses across 75 countries, with 66% of participants completing all 15 questions. The respondents were 95.6% female and 4.4% male, with ages ranging from 18 years to >65 years old (median 33 years old). The number one ranked reason for returning to a previous cosmetic injector (return patronage) was “Trust in my practitioner’s action and ability,” closely followed by “Cosmetic result/outcome from the previous treatment/s.” Respondents’ level of satisfaction with their cosmetic results also correlated highly with trust in their practitioners.

Conclusions

In order to maximize patient satisfaction and return patronage, healthcare practitioners should focus on improving FQ care and value it at least as high as TQ in the delivery of cosmetic injectable treatments.
Social integration predicts survival in female white-faced capuchin monkeys
Authors: Kajokaite Kotrina , Whalen Andrew , Koster Jeremy , Perry Susan
Published: May 2022

Across multiple species of social mammals, a growing number of studies have found that individual sociality is associated with survival. In long-lived species, like primates, lifespan is one of the main components of fitness. We used 18 years of data from the Lomas Barbudal Monkey Project to quantify social integration in 11 capuchin (Cebus capucinus) groups and tested whether female survivorship was associated with females’ tendencies to interact with three types of partners: (1) all group members, (2) adult females, and (3) adult males. We found strong evidence that females who engaged more with other females in affiliative interactions and foraged in close proximity experienced increased survivorship. We found some weak evidence that females might also benefit from engaging in more support in agonistic contexts with other females. These benefits were evident in models that account for the females’ rank and group size. Female interactions with all group members also increased survival, but the estimates of the effects were more uncertain. In interactions with adult males, only females who provided more grooming to males survived longer. The results presented here suggest that social integration may result in survival-related benefits. Females might enjoy these benefits through exchanging grooming for other currencies, such as coalitionary support or tolerance.
Epigenetic regulation of cell fate transition: learning from early embryo development and somatic cell reprogramming
Authors: Chen Chuan , Gao Yawei , Liu Wenqiang , Gao Shaorong
Published: May 2022

Epigenetic regulations play a central role in governing the embryo development and somatic cell reprogramming. Taking advantage of recent advances in low-input sequencing techniques, researchers have uncovered a comprehensive view of the epigenetic landscape during rapid transcriptome transitions involved in the cell fate commitment. The well-organized epigenetic reprogramming also highlights the essential roles of specific epigenetic regulators to support efficient regulation of transcription activity and chromatin remodeling. This review briefly introduces the recent progress in the molecular dynamics and regulation mechanisms implicated in mouse early embryo development and somatic cell reprograming, as well as the multi-omics regulatory mechanisms of totipotency mediated by several key factors, which provide valuable resources for further investigations on the complicated regulatory network in essential biological events.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy and early surgical closure after pelvic anastomotic leak: meta-analysis of bowel continuity rates
Authors: de Lacy F Borja , Talboom Kevin , Roodbeen Sapho X , Blok Robin , Curell Anna , Tanis Pieter J , Bemelman Wilhelmus A , Hompes Roel
Published: May 2022

Background

Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) with or without early surgical closure (ESC) is considered an effective option in the management of pelvic anastomotic leakage. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of EVT in terms of stoma reversal rate and the added value of ESC.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted in November 2021 to identify articles on EVT in adult patients with pelvic anastomotic leakage. The primary outcome was restored continuity rate. Following PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was undertaken using a random-effects model.

Results

Twenty-nine studies were included, accounting for 827 patients with leakage who underwent EVT. There was large heterogeneity between studies in design and reported outcomes, and a high risk of bias. The overall weighted mean restored continuity rate was 66.8 (95 per cent c.i. 58.8 to 73.9) per cent. In patients undergoing EVT with ESC, the calculated restored continuity rate was 82 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 50.1 to 95.4) as compared to 64.7 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 55.7 to 72.7) after EVT without ESC. The mean number of sponge exchanges was 4 (95 per cent c.i. 2.7 to 4.6) and 9.8 (95 per cent c.i. 7.3 to 12.3), respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed a restored continuity rate of 81 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 55.8 to 99.5) for benign disease, 69.0 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 57.3 to 78.7) for colorectal cancer, and 65 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 48.8 to 79.1) if neoadjuvant radiotherapy was given.

Conclusion

EVT is associated with satisfactory stoma reversal rates that may be improved if it is combined with ESC.
Using network approaches to unravel the mysteries of visual hallucinations in Lewy body dementia
Authors: Zarkali Angeliki , Weil Rimona S
Published: May 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Functional and structural brain network correlates of visual hallucinations in Lewy body dementia’ by Mehraram et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac094).
Novel functional food from an invasive species Polygonum cuspidatum: safety evaluation, chemical composition, and hepatoprotective effects
Authors: Zhang Yunting , Song Chengwu , Du Hongzhi , Chen Yulin , Huang Xiao , Gong Ling , You Pengtao , Deng Juan , Liu Yimei , Feng Haidong , Zhang Zezhi , Yu Kun , Chen Yunzhong
Published: May 2022

Accidentally, we found that the shoots of Polygonum cuspidatum (SPC) have been consumed for centuries as a traditional vegetable in the Shennongjia region of China. Local residents believe that SPC has biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-aging, and antioxidant. To provide scientific support for the use of SPC as a functional food, SPC was evaluated in terms of safety, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the first, SPC exhibited no adverse cytotoxic effects or acute toxicity in mice. Then the chemical composition of SPC was determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ioniza­tion–quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). Twenty-two compounds were identified from the SPC extracts, including phenolic, flavonoid, stilbene, and anthraquinone. Finally, an acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress model in mice showed hepatoprotective effects. In brief, our study indicated that SPC is a safe, multifunctional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Importantly, the consumption of SPC as a functional food provides a novel strategy for the efficient utilization of the invasive plant.
Re-evaluating the merits of decentralization as a core strategy for effective delivery of drug-resistant tuberculosis care in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Uzma , Lotia-Farrukh Ismat , Akhtar Ahwaz , Khowaja Saira N , Khan Salman , Madhani Falak , Parekh Asra , Adnan Sana , Ahmed Saman , Chaudhry Mariam , Hussain Hamidah , Habib Ali , Butt Shahid , Siddiqui Muhammad R , Ijaz Raafia , Jamal Saba , Khan Abdul B , Keshavjee Salmaan , Khan Aamir J , Salahuddin Naseem , Khan Palwasha Y
Published: May 2022

Decentralized, person-centred models of care delivery for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continue to be under-resourced in high-burden TB countries. The implementation of such models—made increasingly urgent by the COVID-19 pandemic—are key to addressing gaps in DR-TB care. We abstracted data of rifampicin-resistant (RR)/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients initiated on treatment at 11 facilities between 2010 and 2017 in Sindh and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan. We analysed trends in treatment outcomes relating to programme expansion to peri-urban and rural areas and estimated driving distance from patient residence to treatment facility. Among the 5586 RR/MDR-TB patients in the analysis, overall treatment success decreased from 82% to 66% between 2010 and 2017, as the programme expanded. The adjusted risk ratio for unfavourable outcomes was 1.013 (95% confidence interval 1.005–1.021) for every 20 km of driving distance. Our analysis suggests that expanding DR-TB care to centralized hubs added to increased unfavourable outcomes for people accessing care in peri-urban and rural districts. We propose that as enrolments increase, expanding DR-TB services close to or within affected communities is essential.
Temporal Patterns of Honeybee Foraging in a Diverse Floral Landscape Revealed Using Pollen DNA Metabarcoding of Honey
Authors: Jones Laura , Lowe Abigail , Ford Col R , Christie Lynda , Creer Simon , de Vere Natasha
Published: May 2022

Synopsis

Understanding the plants pollinators use through the year is vital to support pollinator populations and mitigate for declines in floral resources due to habitat loss. DNA metabarcoding allows the temporal picture of nectar and pollen foraging to be examined in detail. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding to examine the forage use of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) within a florally diverse landscape within the UK, documenting the key forage plants used and seasonal progression over two years. The total number of plant taxa detected in the honey was 120, but only 16 of these were found with a high relative read abundance of DNA, across the main foraging months (April–September). Only a small proportion of the available flowering genera in the landscape were used by the honeybees. The greatest relative read abundance came from native or near-native plants, including Rubus spp., Trifolium repens, the Maleae tribe including Crataegus, Malus, and Cotoneaster, and Hedera helix. Tree species were important forage in the spring months, followed by increased use of herbs and shrubs later in the foraging season. Garden habitat increased the taxon richness of native, near-native and horticultural plants found in the honey. Although horticultural plants were rarely found abundantly within the honey samples, they may be important for increasing nutritional diversity of the pollen forage.
Tamely Ramified Morphisms of Curves and Belyi’s Theorem in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S , Litt Daniel , Witaszek Jakub
Published: May 2022

We show that every smooth projective curve over a finite field $k$ admits a finite tame morphism to the projective line over $k$. Furthermore, we construct a curve with no such map when $k$ is an infinite perfect field of characteristic two. Our work leads to a refinement of the tame Belyi theorem in positive characteristic, building on results of Saïdi, Sugiyama–Yasuda, and Anbar–Tutdere.
Nipple Adenoma: Correlation of Imaging Findings and Histopathology
Authors: Leo Madeline E , Carter Gloria J , Waheed Uzma , Berg Wendie A
Published: May 2022

Nipple adenomas (NAs) are benign neoplasms composed of papillary hyperplasia of the epithelium of the major lactiferous ducts. Patients with NA may report bloody nipple discharge and clinically may resemble Paget disease, raising concern for malignancy. Mammographically, NAs are often occult. US can show a hypervascular circumscribed mass centered within the nipple with varying echogenicity. Diagnosis is usually made on punch biopsy or excision, but breast radiologists should be aware of this entity. Malignancy can be found elsewhere in the ipsilateral or contralateral breast, or very rarely may directly extend to involve an NA, but published experience with concurrent malignancies is small. We describe the radiologic-pathologic correlation of NAs.
Bleeding Complications After Breast Core-needle Biopsy—An Approach to Managing Patients on Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Goudreau Sally , Grimm Lars J , Srinivasan Ashmitha , Net Jose , Yang Roger , Dialani Vandana , Dodelzon Katerina
Published: May 2022

Image-guided core-needle breast and axillary biopsy (CNB) is the standard-of-care procedure for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Although the risks of CNB are low, the most common complications include bleeding and hematoma formation. Post-procedural bleeding is of particular concern in patients taking antithrombotic therapy, but there is currently no widely established standard protocol in the United States to guide antithrombotic therapy management. In the face of an increasing number of patients taking antithrombotic therapy and with the advent of novel classes of anticoagulants, the American College of Radiology guidelines recommend that radiologists consider cessation of antithrombotic therapy prior to CNB on a case-by-case basis. Lack of consensus results in disparate approaches to patients on antithrombotic therapy undergoing CNB. There is further heterogeneity in recommendations for cessation of antithrombotic therapy based on the modality used for image-guided biopsy, target location, number of simultaneous biopsies, and type of antithrombotic agent. A review of the available data demonstrates the safety of continuing antithrombotic therapy during CNB while highlighting additional procedural and target lesion factors that may increase the risk of bleeding. Risk stratification of patients undergoing breast interventional procedures is proposed to guide both pre-procedural decision-making and post-procedural management. Radiologists should be aware of antithrombotic agent pharmacokinetics and strategies to minimize post-procedural bleeding to safely manage patients.
Screening MRI in Women at Intermediate Breast Cancer Risk: An Update of the Recent Literature
Authors: Bahl Manisha
Published: May 2022

Guidelines issued by the American Cancer Society (ACS) in 2007 recommend neither for nor against screening MRI in women at intermediate breast cancer risk (15%–20%), including those with dense breast tissue, a history of lobular neoplasia or atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), or a prior breast cancer, because of scarce supporting evidence about the utility of MRI in these specific patient populations. However, since the issuance of the ACS guidelines in 2007, multiple investigations have found that women at intermediate risk may be suitable candidates for screening MRI, given the high detection rates of early-stage cancers and acceptable false-positive rates. For women with dense breast tissue, the Dense Tissue and Early Breast Neoplasm Screening trial reported that the incremental cancer detection rate (CDR) by MRI exceeded 16 cancers per 1000 examinations but decreased in the second round of screening; this decrease in CDR, however, occurred alongside a marked decrease in the false-positive rate. For women with lobular neoplasia or ADH, single-institution retrospective analyses have shown CDRs mostly ranging from 11 to 16 cancers per 1000 MRI examinations, with women with lobular carcinoma in situ benefitting more than women with atypical lobular hyperplasia or ADH. For patients with a prior breast cancer, the cancer yield by MRI varies widely but mostly ranges from 8 to 20 cancers per 1000 examinations, with certain subpopulations more likely to benefit, such as those with dense breasts. This article reviews and summarizes more recent studies on MRI screening of intermediate-risk women.
Deceiving Research Participants: Is It Inconsistent With Valid Consent?
Authors: Wendler David
Published: May 2022

It is widely assumed that the use of deception in research is always inconsistent with obtaining valid consent. In addition, guidelines and regulations permit research without valid consent only when it poses no greater than minimal risk. Current practice thus prohibits studies that use deception and pose greater than minimal risk, including studies that rely on deceptive methods to evaluate experimental treatments. To assess whether these prohibitions are justified, the present paper evaluates five arguments that might be thought to support the assumption that deception is always inconsistent with valid consent. Analysis of these arguments reveals that deception is frequently, but not always, inconsistent with obtaining valid consent for research. This conclusion suggests that, in order to avoid unnecessarily blocking valuable research, current policies and practice should be revised to recognize the conditions under which the use of deception can be consistent with obtaining research participants’ valid consent.
The impact of ultraviolet heating and cooling on the dynamics and observability of lava planet atmospheres
Authors: Nguyen T Giang , Cowan Nicolas B , Pierrehumbert Raymond T , Lupu Roxana E , Moores John E
Published: May 2022

Lava planets have non-global, condensible atmospheres similar to icy bodies within the Solar system. Because they depend on interior dynamics, studying the atmospheres of lava planets can lead to understanding unique geological processes driven by their extreme environment. Models of lava planet atmospheres have thus far focused on either radiative transfer or hydrodynamics. In this study, we couple the two processes by introducing ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation to a turbulent boundary layer model. We also test the effect of different vertical temperature profiles on atmospheric dynamics. Results from the model show that UV radiation affects the atmosphere much more than IR. UV heating and cooling work together to produce a horizontally isothermal atmosphere away from the substellar point regardless of the vertical temperature profile. We also find that stronger temperature inversions induce stronger winds and hence cool the atmosphere. Our simulated transmission spectra of the bound atmosphere show a strong SiO feature in the UV that would be challenging to observe in the planet’s transit spectrum due to the precision required. Our simulated emission spectra are more promising, with significant SiO spectral features at 4.5 and 9 $\mu$m that can be observed with the James Webb Space Telescope. Different vertical temperature profiles produce discernible dayside emission spectra, but not in the way one would expect.
Investigating the nature and properties of MAXI J1810−222 with radio and X-ray observations
Authors: Russell T D , Del Santo M , Marino A , Segreto A , Motta S E , Bahramian A , Corbel S , D’Aì A , Salvo T Di , Miller-Jones J C A , Pinto C , Pintore F , Tzioumis A
Published: May 2022

We present results from radio and X-ray observations of the X-ray transient MAXI J1810−222. The nature of the accretor in this source has not been identified. In this paper, we show results from a quasi-simultaneous radio and X-ray monitoring campaign taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory X-ray Telescope (XRT), and the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. We also analyse the X-ray temporal behaviour using observations from the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer. Results show a seemingly peculiar X-ray spectral evolution of MAXI J1810−222 during this outburst, where the source was initially only detected in the soft X-ray band for the early part of the outburst. Then, ∼200 d after MAXI J1810−222 was first detected the hard X-ray emission increased and the source transitioned to a long-lived (∼1.5 yr) bright, harder X-ray state. After this hard state, MAXI J1810−222 returned back to a softer state, before fading and transitioning again to a harder state and then appearing to follow a more typical outburst decay. From the X-ray spectral and timing properties, and the source’s radio behaviour, we argue that the results from this study are most consistent with MAXI J1810−222 being a relatively distant (≳6 kpc) black hole X-ray binary. A sufficiently large distance to source can simply explain the seemingly odd outburst evolution that was observed, where only the brightest portion of the outburst was detectable by the all-sky XRTs.
Three-dimensional simulations of the jet feedback mechanism in common envelope jets supernovae
Authors: Hillel Shlomi , Schreier Ron , Soker Noam
Published: May 2022

We conduct three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) events where we assume that a neutron star (NS) launches jets as it orbits inside the outer zones of a red supergiant (RSG) envelope, and find the negative jet feedback coefficient to be ≃ 0.1–0.2. This coefficient is the factor by which the jets reduce the mass accretion rate on to the NS as they remove mass from the envelope and inflate bubbles (cocoons). Our results suggest that in most CEJSN events the NS-RSG binary system experiences the grazing envelope evolution before it enters a full common envelope evolution (CEE). We also find that the jets induce upward and downward flows in the RSG envelope. These flows together with the strong convection of RSG stars might imply that energy transport by convection in CEJSNe is very important. Because of limited numerical resources we do not include in the simulations the gravity of the NS, nor the accretion process, nor the jets launching process, and nor the gravity of the deformed envelope. Future numerical simulations of CEE with a NS/BH companion should include the accretion process on to the NS (and vary the jets’ power accordingly), the full gravitational interaction of the NS with the RSG, and energy transport by the strong convection.
Parallel Evolution of Ameloblastic scpp Genes in Bony and Cartilaginous Vertebrates
Authors: Leurs Nicolas , Martinand-Mari Camille , Marcellini Sylvain , Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie
Published: May 2022

In bony vertebrates, skeletal mineralization relies on the secretory calcium-binding phosphoproteins (Scpp) family whose members are acidic extracellular proteins posttranslationally regulated by the Fam20°C kinase. As scpp genes are absent from the elephant shark genome, they are currently thought to be specific to bony fishes (osteichthyans). Here, we report a scpp gene present in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) that evolved from local tandem duplication of sparc-L 5′ exons and show that both genes experienced recent gene conversion in sharks. The elasmobranch scpp is remarkably similar to the osteichthyan scpp members as they share syntenic and gene structure features, code for a conserved signal peptide, tyrosine-rich and aspartate/glutamate-rich regions, and harbor putative Fam20°C phosphorylation sites. In addition, the catshark scpp is coexpressed with sparc-L and fam20°C in tooth and scale ameloblasts, similarly to some osteichthyan scpp genes. Despite these strong similarities, molecular clock and phylogenetic data demonstrate that the elasmobranch scpp gene originated independently from the osteichthyan scpp gene family. Our study reveals convergent events at the sparc-L locus in the two sister clades of jawed vertebrates, leading to parallel diversification of the skeletal biomineralization toolkit. The molecular evolution of sparc-L and its coexpression with fam20°C in catshark ameloblasts provides a unifying genetic basis that suggests that all convergent scpp duplicates inherited similar features from their sparc-L precursor. This conclusion supports a single origin for the hypermineralized outer odontode layer as produced by an ancestral developmental process performed by Sparc-L, implying the homology of the enamel and enameloid tissues in all vertebrates.
GrAfSS: a webserver for substructure similarity searching and comparisons in the structures of proteins and RNA
Authors: Ghani Nur Syatila Ab , Emrizal Reeki , Moffit Sabrina Mohamed , Hamdani Hazrina Yusof , Ramlan Effirul Ikhwan , Firdaus-Raih Mohd
Published: May 2022

The GrAfSS (Graph theoretical Applications for Substructure Searching) webserver is a platform to search for three-dimensional substructures of: (i) amino acid side chains in protein structures; and (ii) base arrangements in RNA structures. The webserver interfaces the functions of five different graph theoretical algorithms – ASSAM, SPRITE, IMAAAGINE, NASSAM and COGNAC – into a single substructure searching suite. Users will be able to identify whether a three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of interest, such as a ligand binding site or 3D motif, observed in a protein or RNA structure can be found in other structures available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The webserver also allows users to determine whether a protein or RNA structure of interest contains substructural arrangements that are similar to known motifs or 3D arrangements. These capabilities allow for the functional annotation of new structures that were either experimentally determined or computationally generated (such as the coordinates generated by AlphaFold2) and can provide further insights into the diversity or conservation of functional mechanisms of structures in the PDB. The computed substructural superpositions are visualized using integrated NGL viewers. The GrAfSS server is available at http://mfrlab.org/grafss/.
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Sepsis Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Versus Other Pathogens in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Shappell Claire N. , Klompas Michael , Kanjilal Sanjat , Chan Christina , Rhee Chanu
Published: May 2022

IMPORTANCE:

The prevalence and causes of sepsis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are poorly characterized.

OBJECTIVES:

To investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of sepsis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) versus other pathogens in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

Cross-sectional, retrospective chart review of 200 randomly selected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at four Massachusetts hospitals between March 2020 and March 2021.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

The presence or absence of sepsis was determined per Sepsis-3 criteria (infection leading to an increase in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score by ≥ 2 points above baseline). Sepsis episodes were assessed as caused by SARS-CoV-2, other pathogens, or both. Rates of organ dysfunction and in-hospital death were also assessed.

RESULTS:

Sepsis was present in 65 of 200 COVID-19 hospitalizations (32.5%), of which 46 of 65 sepsis episodes (70.8%) were due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, 17 of 65 (26.2%) were due to both SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 infections, and two of 65 (3.1%) were due to bacterial infection alone. SARS-CoV-2–related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis occurred a median of 1 day after admission (interquartile range, 0–2 d) and most often presented as respiratory (93.7%), neurologic (46.0%), and/or renal (39.7%) dysfunctions. In-hospital death occurred in 28 of 200 COVID-19 hospitalizations (14.0%), including two of 135 patients without sepsis (1.5%), 16 of 46 patients with sepsis (34.8%) due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, and 10 of 17 patients with sepsis (58.8%) due to both SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial pathogens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sepsis occurred in one in three patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and was primarily caused by SARS-CoV-2 itself, although bacterial infection also contributed in a quarter of sepsis cases. Mortality in COVID-19 patients with sepsis was high, especially in patients with mixed SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial sepsis. These findings affirm SARS-CoV-2 as an important cause of sepsis and highlight the need to improve surveillance, recognition, prevention, and treatment of both viral and bacterial sepsis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Resolution of housekeeping gene sequences used in MLSA for the genus Streptomyces and reclassification of Streptomyces anthocyanicus and Streptomyces tricolor as heterotypic synonyms of Streptomyces violaceoruber
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki
Published: May 2022

Although 16S rRNA gene sequences are conventionally analysed in bacterial systematics, their resolution is not sufficient for species identification. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) is a powerful method for species identification as well as the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships in the genus

Streptomyces

. Gene sequences of atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB are generally used in MLSA for

Streptomyces

species. This study aims to evaluate the sequence analysis of one gene instead of all five genes to be employed for species identification. The resolution of atpD gene sequences was not necessarily able to distinguish closely related species. In contrast, trpB gene sequence similarities correlated to the MLSA-based evolutionary distances, especially among closely related strains. A pairwise similarity of 97.9 % in trpB gene sequences was proposed as the threshold for species delineation based on the feasibility examined using strain pairs that shared >99.93 % pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Resequencing the five housekeeping genes followed by MLSA suggested that

Streptomyces anthocyanicus

and

Streptomyces tricolor

are synonyms of

Streptomyces violaceoruber

.