bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron Overdose in Pregnant Women and its Treatment
Authors: Saiyed Musaratafrin
Published: October 2024

During pregnancy, Iron requirements increase significantly to support the growth of the foetus and placenta, as well as maternal erythropoietic expansion. Iron supplementation is universally recommended for a viable pregnancy, irrespective of maternal Iron status. A food fortification strategy delivering about 10mg Iron per day lowers the proportion of women under risk of Iron deficiency to the range of 6 per cent to 39 per cent in many states. Combining fortification with weekly supplementation would lower the risk to between 1 per cent and 5 per cent. Food fortification and supplementation would expose many women to Iron levels that exceed the tolerable upper level of 45mg per day, producing Iron overload which can be prove to be toxic. Large epidemiological studies show a U-shaped association between maternal ferritin, a marker of Iron stores, and risk of adverse outcomes of pregnancy such as low birthweight, stillbirth, preterm birth (<37 weeks), very preterm birth (<32 weeks’ gestation), and neonatal asphyxia.
A Complete Guide to Understand PMS (Pre-Menstrual Syndrome) in Women’s and its Effective Ayurvedic and Allopathic Treatment
Authors: Gamare Dipesh , Divate Sakshi , Gavankar Mansi , Gangavane Janvi , Gharat Vivek , Yevale Rupali
Published: October 2024

Many women around the world are suffering from common physical discomfort just before their menstrual cycle. Symptoms may vary women to women which can be mild to severe such that it could affect their regular activities. Based on the diagnostic criteria, 2.5–3% of women of reproductive age have the severe form of PMS, while 40% of these women experience the moderate type. The symptoms seen were fluid retention, pain in pelvic region, mastalgia, psychological changes, behavioural changes, gastrointestinal problems, skin related problems and nervous system affecting problem. The targeting therapies to cure PMS includes allopathic as well as ayurvedic remedies. Allopathic includes mainly targeting brain SSRIs and some pharmacotherapies including administration of NSAIDs, anxiolytic agents, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. etc. and recent studies shows combined oral contraceptives shows good effect to cure PMS prominently. And daily physical exercise can also overcome the PMS related problems wisely.
Adenocalymma alliaceum: An Overview
Authors: D. Nalawade Rohit , U. Kolhe Swati , A. Devade Omkar , S. Lad Swapnil , R. Rode Manthan , Patil Chetashri , P Mansabdar Asawari
Published: October 2024

Adenocalymma alliaceum, commonly known as Garlic Vine or Lahsun bel, is an herbal shrub belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is native to northern Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, and certain species can also be found in the Chhattisgarh, Kerala states of India. This evergreen plant is highly valued for its ornamental qualities, with bright green leaves and tri-colored blooms that emit a distinct garlic-like fragrance. It grows up to 6-8 feet in height and is popular for landscaping purposes. The plant has various pharmacological activities that have been studied particularly in the management of diabetes mellitus. The bark, leaves, stems, and roots of Adenocalymma alliaceum contain a range of bioactive compounds that have been used to treat different diseases and disorders. Phytoconstituents such as diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide are major chemical constituents of the plant, exhibiting antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antifungal, and antimycotic activities. These properties make Adenocalymma alliaceum a promising source for the development of allopathic drugs. While the plant has traditional and cultural significance, it has also gained attention for its potential therapeutic properties. However, it is important to note that although it is used as a folk medicine in local communities, it is not extensively mentioned in published books or literature. In summary, Adenocalymma alliaceum is an intriguing natural resource with a rich cultural heritage and significant pharmacological potential. Further research and exploration of this plant may uncover additional therapeutic benefits and contribute to the development of novel drugs and treatments.
Advances in Proniosomes: Harnessing Nanotechnology for Enhanced Drug Delivery
Authors: Kumar Sarella Prakash Nathaniel , Kumari Vendi Veera , Vipparthi Anil Kumar , Valluri Surekha , Vegi Srujala
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the field of drug delivery has experienced remarkable progress as researchers strive to enhance the efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical treatments while ensuring patient convenience and compliance. One notable innovation that has garnered significant attention is the development of proniosomes. Proniosomes represent a novel drug delivery platform that merges the advantageous features of niosomes and liposomes while effectively addressing their inherent limitations. Unlike traditional liquid-based liposomes and niosomes, proniosomes are formulated as dry, free-flowing powders or granules. This dry presentation offers several key benefits, including improved stability during storage and transportation, reducing the risk of drug degradation and extending shelf life. Upon contact with an appropriate medium, such as body fluids or a dispersion medium, these proniosomes readily transform into niosomal structures. This characteristic transformation ensures the controlled release of the encapsulated drug, leading to prolonged drug action and potentially reduced dosing frequency, enhancing patient adherence to therapy. Central to the success of proniosomes is the application of nanotechnology, a discipline focused on manipulating materials at the nanoscale. By leveraging nanotechnology, researchers have achieved significant improvements in the physicochemical properties and drug-loading capabilities of proniosomes. Nanoscale drug carriers can traverse biological barriers more effectively, leading to improved bioavailability and targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in proniosomes and their application in harnessing nanotechnology for enhanced drug delivery.
A Review on New Drug Development for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Kajal Kajal , Kumari Richa , Rajesh Rajesh , Rahul Rahul , Rishab Rishab , Sharma Arvind
Published: October 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss. The most common neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Although there are several medicines currently approved for managing neurodegenerative disorders, a large majority of them only help with associated symptoms. This lack of pathogenesis-targeting therapies is primarily due to the restrictive effects of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which keeps close to 99% of all “foreign substances” out of the brain. Since their discovery, nanoparticles have been successfully used for targeted delivery into many organs, including the brain.
A Laconic Review on Potential Herbals as Antiasthmatic Agents
Authors: Verma Shubham , Kaur Simranpreet , Goyal Jugnu , Jindal Shammy , Goyal Kamya
Published: October 2024

Asthma is a condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrowed, swollen, and produce excessive mucus, making it difficult to breathe due to some allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mould spores, pet dander, particles of cockroach waste etc. The word "asthma" originates from the Greek meaning short of breath, meaning that any patient with breathlessness was asthmatic. The term was refined in the latter part of the 19th Century with the publication of a treatise by Henry Hyde Salter entitled "On Asthma and its Treatment". Asthma is a common condition diagnosed in as many as 25% of Scottish children by the age of 11 years. Childhood asthma is heterogeneous in terms of severity. In traditional system of medicines, plants herbs like ginger, Echinacea, garlic etc. are used in the treatment of asthma. Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of diseases and ailments. The importance of herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma is indisputable. This review highlights the etiology of asthma and few plants which are known to show antiasthmatic activity which are popular in traditional system of medicine.
INCORPORAÇÃO DE OLÉOS ESSENCIAIS EM SISTEMAS NANOESTRUTURADOS A BASE DE GORDURA CARVITÁRIA DE PEIXE
Authors: Barros Mateus da Silva , Proietti Junior Aldo Aparecido , Pereira Suelen Felix , Queiroga Manuele Guedes
Published: October 2024

A aquicultura é cada vez mais reconhecida pela sua contribuição para a segurança alimentar e nutricional global no século XXI. Tais sistemas podem proporcionar um crescimento de 25% no consumo de alimentos aquáticos per capita até 2050. Para enfrentar esses desafios, buscou-se elaborar um produto nutracêutico a partir de subprodutos descartados cujas aplicações se encontram no campo biotecnológico. A associação de gorduras com óleos essenciais se destaca devido à sua eficácia e origem natural. A nanotecnologia, que envolve a redução do tamanho das partículas, tornou-se uma solução para aumentar a estabilidade, biodisponibilidade e eficácia dos óleos essenciais em aquicultura. O estudo teve como objetivo incorporar o óleo essencial de Piper marginatum em um sistema nanoestruturado constituído de gordura cavitária de Pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) rica em ômegas 3, 6 e 9. A gordura foi extraída e esterilizada pelo método de tindalização modificado e adaptado seguida por processo de ultrafiltração a 0,22 µm. O produto final foi obtido pelo método de nanoemulsificação espontânea contendo as duas fontes bioativas. Centramo-nos na valorização dos peixes amazônicos e dos seus subprodutos. Tais fontes de biomoléculas, úteis para a produção sustentável de compostos nutracêuticos, resultaram no desenvolvimento de um produto de base biotecnológica para uso em aquicultura amigável ao meio ambiente com propriedades nutricionais agregado a ação antimicrobianas e imunoestimulantes.
Team Teaching and CLIL Methodology
Authors: Presti Maria Vittoria Lo
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates team teaching within the CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) methodology in lower secondary education in Italy, focusing on the collaboration between language and content subject teachers in designing and implementing CLIL pathways.The discussion begins with an overview of the CLIL methodology’s emergence in the plurilingual and pluricultural European context, with particular attention to its application in Italian schools.Next, the paper focuses on the training of CLIL teachers in Italy and on the collaboration between language teacher and subject teacher, forming the so-called team teaching CLIL.An illustrative example of a CLIL module, co-developed by English, Art, and History teachers, from an Italian lower secondary school, is provided, and the opinions of the teachers involved, gathered through interviews, are briefly presented regarding the educational pathway undertaken. These reflections offer insights into the educational process and the challenges encountered.The paper concludes by deriving methodological recommendations for CLIL teacher training, emphasizing the importance of effective collaboration between content and language teachers for the successful implementation of CLIL methodology.
Age determination in European lynx Lynx l. lynx (L.) based on cranial development
Authors: Kvam Tor
Published: October 2024

European lynxes Lynx lynx lynx were tentatively age determined using the ossification of cranial sutures and development of cranial characteristics. Cranial development seems to be more related to body size than to age, and a wide range in body size in each age-class makes it doubtful to use characters of development and cranial ossification for age determination. Age determination based on incremental lines in tooth cementum is recommended as a more reliable method.
Helminth parasites of muskoxen Ovibos moschatus in Norway incl. Spitsbergen and in Sweden, with a synopsis of parasites reported from this host
Authors: Alendal Einar , Helle Oddvar
Published: October 2024

Three species of cestodes and 14 genera of nematodes, with 10 identified species, have been found in muskoxen according to the available literature. The helminths of the present study are from 3 wild muskoxen from Spitsbergen, 3 captive animals from a muskox farm at Bardu in North Norway, 27 wild muskoxen from the Dovrefjell in South Norway, and 2 individuals from a wild population in Härjedalen, Sweden. The cestodes Moniezia expansa and cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena were recorded. Nineteen nematode species were identified of which the following 12 species have not been published from muskoxen before: Chabertia ovina, Cooperia oncophora, Nematodirus filicollis, N. skrjabini, N. spathiger, Ostertagia arctica, O. gruehneri, Teladorsagia davtiani, Trichostrongylus axei, T. capricola, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus. In addition the caecum nematode Trichuris and larvae of an unidentified species of lungworm (the latter not reported from muskoxen before) were found. Neither helminth species of muskoxen reported in the literature nor those found during the present study are specific for muskoxen; all have also been found in reindeer or domestic ruminants. Apparently muskoxen are easily infected with parasites normally occurring in other ruminant species.
Prosobranch and shelled opisthobranch molluscs from Store Ekkerøya, Varangerfjorden (northern Norway)
Authors: Backeljau Thierry , De Meyer Marc , Janssens Luc , Proesmans Rudy
Published: October 2024

Forty-one prosobranch and six shelled opisthobranch species were collected at Store Ekkerøya (70°05'N., 30°08'E.). Four of these are published for the first time from Varangerfjorden (Helcion pellucidum, Lacuna crassior, Onoba semicostata and Retusa truncatula). Remarks are given on Littorina obtusata s.l., Littorina saxatilis s.l., Alvania mighelsi and Oenopota simplex.
Mechanisms of co-existence of Heterocope saliens (Crustacea, Copepoda) and planktivorous fish
Authors: Andersen Ragnvald , Nilssen Jens Petter
Published: October 2024

The simultaneous occurrence of Heterocope saliens and a large stock of Arctic char was investigated in the oligotrophic, coastal Lake Selura in SW Norway. Habitat-overlap of H. saliens and Arctic char was restricted mainly to June. With increasing temperature, Arctic char disappeared from the littoral and the upper water masses and inhabited the hypolimnion of the lake. The interaction between H. saliens and its important predator was minimized and thus a large population of H. saliens could be established, primarily in the littoral, but to a minor extent also in the pelagial of the lake. H. saliens can avoid elimination from lakes with strong pelagic fish predation by staying in the littoral, while both strong littoral and limnetic fish predation probably lead to elimination of H. saliens. When fish disappear during acidification, H. saliens seems to expand its area considerably and to become a permanent inhabitant of the pelagic zone. The relationship between fish predation and distribution of the other Norwegian Heterocope species is briefly discussed.
Smolt age and size of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. and sea trout Salmo trutta L. in a Norwegian river
Authors: Hesthagen Trygve , Garnås Erik
Published: October 2024

This paper gives data on smolt age and length of Atlantic salmon and sea trout in the Orkla river in the period 1979 - 1981. The smolt age of the salmon was significantly higher in 1979 (4.1 years) as opposed to 3.4 and 3.3 years in 1980 and 1981, respectively. However, the average length of the salmon smolts did not differ during the study period. Sea trout smolts showed a significantly lower average length in 1979 compared to that found in the two preceding years. No such difference could be detected in the smolt age which ranged between 3.3 - 3.6 years during the study period. Smolts of both species showed a heterogeneous length distribution with a variation between 100 - 170 mm for salmon and 110 - 200 mm for sea trout. It is concluded that growth rate is more important than the mere attainment of a critical length for initiating smolt descent.
Research on the small mammal fauna by analysis of pellets of birds of prey: algorithms of collection and analysis
Authors:   Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park (Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine), Drebet Mykhailo
Published: October 2024

Pellets are a unique source for obtaining new faunal information and to study the relationships in the predator-prey system. The pellet research method provides unique material to analyse the distribution and relative abundance of rare species and is the most humane method of studying the fauna and ecology of species, groups of prey species, and the relationships between populations of preys and predators. It is shown that the pellet method has many advantages compared to census methods based on trapping of micromammals. The method allows to quickly obtain mass material to monitor changes in the state of natural objects in certain local areas for certain periods of time without interfering with the course of natural processes, which is especially relevant for protected areas.
Theriological studies: epizootological aspects (Introduction to epizootology)
Authors:   Crimean Republican Sanitary-Epidemiological Station (Simferopol, Ukraine), Evstafiev Igor
Published: October 2024

Epizootology as a separate scientific discipline is devoted to the study of natural foci of zoonotic infections, the pathogens of which constantly circulate among populations of vertebrates, mainly mammals, with the active participation (and sometimes without it) of various ectoparasites: arthropod bloodsuckers (ticks, fleas, gnats). A person who enters the wild should know what dangers await him there and how to avoid them as much as possible, how to protect himself from infection with zoonotic pathogens.
Baits for trapping small mammals: universal and selective
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: October 2024

Different variants of using baits to trap small mammals or other forms of luring substances according to the purpose of observation, census, and regulation of abundance are considered. In total, 9 main types (recipes and methods) of baits, which are used in some "thematic" research by colleagues (bread on oil, parsley root, insect larvae, hard cheese, fermented fruit, etc.), and the specifics of their use (seasonal aspects, practices of rodent control, comparison of lures by versatility) are presented. The issue of non-selective census in estimating species abundance, population and community structures is discussed, as well as the issue of desired selectivity for certain research tasks, including the study of ecology and behaviour of some species or, if necessary, to collect serial material.
Comprehensive ecological and faunal study of micromammals as a census group at biostations
Authors:   Luhansk Nature Reserve, NAS of Ukraine (Stanychno-Luhanske, Ukraine), Kondratenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

A detailed scheme of analysis of the composition of faunal groups of small mammals is presented, which was used by the author in studying small mammals of protected areas and the territory of the eastern part of Ukraine, within Luhansk and Donetsk Oblasts. The scheme includes three main ways of collecting data on the composition of the fauna: census on trap lines (standard mouse-trap), catching with trapping pits, and analysis of pellets of birds of prey. Additional sources are publications of other researchers (mostly previous research periods) and analysis of collections of natural history museums. The analysis of groups was carried out at three levels: biotopic, local, and regional. When studying the distribution of species by habitats, the main data were obtained from trap lines and trapping pits, which were exposed in 11 habitats at eight localities (mostly protected areas of the highest protection). The two main indicators of species abundance were the number of individuals per 100 trap days and the percentage of species in the sample. Based on these data, indices of species diversity, biotope preference, and similarity of local communities are compared.
The main vital marking methods of small mammals
Authors:   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv (Kharkiv, Ukraine), Markovska Oksana
Published: October 2024

Methods of vital marking of small mammals as the main techniques for studying population, demographic, and behavioral processes in the study of their ecology are considered. Methods of vital marking are classified into three main groups: short-term, long-term, and permanent. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and prospects for their use are analyzed. Examples of the use of specific materials, their effectiveness, the overall impact on the body of the studied animal and the possible consequences of use are given.
Photographing of wild animals and traces of their life in the field
Authors:   International Charitable Organization “Institute for the Development of Territorial Communities” (Kyiv, Ukraine), Miropolsky Volodymyr
Published: October 2024

The tasks and specifics of photo documentation as a way of recording and accumulation of information obtained during field work, in particular when meeting animals on routes, their tracks and typical habitats, are considered. Experience in photographing of these objects and documentation is summarised to help the researchers to avoid common mistakes. Various types of new generation devices (digital single-lens reflex and mirrorless cameras, portable cameras, smartphones) in relation to the tasks of photo documentation are considered. The article describes various typical photo documentation objects with shooting recommendations and image samples.
The experience of making and use of homemade camera traps on the base of film cameras
Authors:   Oleshky Sands National Nature Park (Hola Prystan, Ukraine), Roman Eugene
Published: October 2024

Registration and study of animals that lead a hidden lifestyle is a difficult task, the success of solution of which depends on many factors. That is why the use of camera traps belongs to those methods that have recently been increasingly used to study these species. Information on the creation (design and making) of camera traps, which were tested and used in the wood-buch thickets of the Lower Dnieper in 1999–2000 is given in this article. The main principles of using such equipment, which are actual to present time, are described.
The system of long-term mammalian monitoring in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve: census methods
Authors:   Black Sea Biosphere Reserve, NAS of Ukraine (Hola Prystan, Ukraine), Selyunina Zoya
Published: October 2024

Long-term monitoring of conditions of natural complexes, including the fauna, is the only basis for assessing and forecasting the development of ecosystems. Monitoring in a specific area is based on the core network of the monitoring system. A representative monitoring system has existed in the Black Sea Biosphere Reserve (BSBR) for more than 30 years. The system of monitoring of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna in the BSBR consists of a network of routes (accounting and survey) and plots and includes biotechnical measures, standardized survey data. The methods of census and observation are usually standard and time-tested. In addition, original methods are used, which are adapted to local conditions, and modern methods for census of individual species.
A brief review of census methods of the beaver’s abundance and selection of the most effective method for conditions of Ukraine
Authors:   Polissian Nature Reserve (Selezivka, Ukraine), Zhyla Sergiy
Published: October 2024

It is proposed to use the Ukrainian method (after: Fundamentals of Hunting Management in Ukraine 1985), with additions for beaver census in Ukraine. The main provisions of this methodology are not debatable or innovative. The forestry (taxation) characteristics of the forest areas adjacent to the water body, the age of the settlement, the presence of beavers of different generations determined by gnawing marks, the amount of fodder harvested for winter, the number of landings and other indicators of infrastructure of the settlement. It is also important to assess the possibilities of resettlement of young animals, the state of the fodder base and its availability, protective conditions and the availability of conservation status of the territory.
Census and trapping methods of dendrophilous rodents
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: October 2024

Two main census and trapping methods of dendrophilous rodents, mainly species of dormice (Gliridae) — edible dormouse (Glis glis), forest dormouse (Dryomys nitedula), and hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) — are considered. The first way to collect data is to search for natural above-ground nests or to install and test artificial nest-boxes such as beehive or other types of birdhouses. The second method is to install standard traps on trees (on tree butt, trunks or branches) both mousetraps and live traps. The former are fixed on tree butts or tree trunks, the latter are mostly installed on tree branches. Possible ways to attach traps are considered.
The main types of field research on dendrophilous rodents and collection of primary information about the presence and biology of species
Authors:   Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, NAS of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine), Zizda Yulia
Published: October 2024

The spectrum of methods for the study of dendrophilous rodents practiced in the assessment of presence, counting, and, in some cases, in determining the age-sex structure and phenotypic variability, including colour variability, is considered. The basis of this spectrum is the direct field research and the research through data accumulation. Direct field activities include: attracting, finding activity positions, installation and inspection of nest boxes, trapping animals, owl pellet material. Accumulative methods of data collection and analysis (mostly remote) include questionnaires, processing of observation cards from monitoring services, mapping of collections and locations, and analysis of hunting statistics.
Проблема об’єктивності обліку кажанів у підземеллях
Authors:   Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Petrushenko Yaroslav
Published: October 2024

The specifics of census of the species composition and number of bats in underground cavities based on the author's research experience, which were conducted in caves of Podillia, Transcarpathia, and Crimea, are presented. There are numerous examples of inconsistencies in assessments obtained by different researchers in different census periods in the same locations, due to the impossibility of inspecting the entire volume of caves. It is important to coordinate the census with the spatio-temporal dynamics of underground groups of bats. The problem of extrapolation of census results to the entire volume of caves is considered. A recommended scheme of census is presented, in which the desired terms and the order of inspection of caves are considered.
Census of game mammals on hunting grounds (a review of methods)
Authors:   Ukrainian National Forestry University (Lviv, Ukraine), Rizun Elvira
Published: October 2024

The work on the census of game animals has regional features: dependence on a class and type of landscapes, and also natural and historical conditions. In lowland conditions, it is recommended to carry out accounting on test areas by a method of noise run and double mapping of animal tracks. In moun¬tainous areas, the route method (cenus of footprints in the snow) or full visual registration of deer at the stations of residence (at the foot of mountains, slopes, clear-cut areas) are recommended. For recording protected and non-abundant game species (bison, elk, brown bear, lynx, wild cat, gray wolf, and Eurasian otter), which are listed in the Red Data Book, using the questionnaire and hunting service annual phenological observations are recommended. In the field, registration of gray hares is carried out by the method of noise run and route method (census of footprints in the snow).
Methods of wolf number census in conditions of game husbandries: principles, algorithm, and key features
Authors:   Steppe Branch of G. M. Vysotsky Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration (Oleshky, Ukraine), Sheihas Ihor
Published: October 2024

During the long period of studying of the state of the wolf population (general state, migrations and feeding features in the forest lands of different regions of Ukraine), the question of the need to quickly determine the total number and sex-age structure of these predators constantly appears. But over time, researchers have recognized that none of the previously described methods can be used separately for the general census of local wolf micropopulations. As a result of further accounting work, a comprehensive method of simultaneous census was proposed and tested. It guarantees the registration of each family group within the local wolf population and consists of two parts: preliminary and direct census. The preliminary part provides information on the life of wolves in each game husbandry throughout the year. Simultaneous census allows to eliminate duplication of results and to summarize accounting data within the region.
The index of habitat preference in ecological studies of species and of the structure of communities
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor , Naglov Volodymyr ,   Kharkiv Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Station (Kharkiv, Ukraine)
Published: October 2024

The essence and features of calculating the degree of habitat preference of species are considered. This index is an easy-to-use statistical approach to describe and analyse the ecological characteristics of species and communities. Its value lies in the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the association level of species to habitats and allows to objectify the concept of steno- and eurytopicity. The limits of index variation (from –1 to +1) are convenient to estimate the level of habitat preference (positive values), avoidance (negative values), or indifference (0). This approach allows to form rating lists of habitats and species in habitats according to the degree of preferences. Examples of application of the index in studies of faunal complexes of small mammals are considered.
Zoological collections as a source of information about the state and changes of fauna, communities, and populations
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: October 2024

A brief overview of possibilities for analysis of fauna composition on the basis of small and large zoological collections, in particular collections in zoological museums of universities and zoological departments of natural history museums of various academies, mainly of the NAS of Ukraine. Among the analysed research areas are: 1) analysis of the portion of species in collections, 2) formation of maps of species distribution, 3) analysis of changes in the portion of species over time, 4) analysis of changes in species distribution over time, 5) study of morphological variability of species, including inrapopulation and geographic, 6) analysis of the age-sex structure of the samples, 7) accumulation of information about rare species. All these and similar areas of analysis are not only provided by the mere existence of collections, but in some cases are possible only because of the existence of collections.
Enhancing Financial Transaction Security With Blockchain Technology
Authors: Mitawa Aakansha , Bhambu Dr. Pawan
Published: October 2024

Background: Cryptocurrency represents a modern digital payment system that operates independently of traditional banking institutions. Instead of physical currency, cryptocurrencies exist as digital entries within a virtual ledger, facilitating transactions globally without geographical constraints. The emergence of cryptocurrency has revolutionized how transactions are conduct-ed, with a growing number of businesses—over 2,300 in the US alone—accepting Bitcoin and other digital assets for various purposes, including in-vestments and operational transactions. This shift underscores the potential of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology to reshape financial and opera-tional practices across sectors. Methodology: This research explores the integration of blockchain technolo-gy and cryptographic techniques in enhancing digital transaction security and operational efficiency. Specifically, we investigate the application of blockchain in sectors such as real estate, where it has been used to develop smarter con-tracts. Our study employs cryptographic hash functions to protect sensitive information. BLAKE2b-512 is utilized for hashing user identities, providing robust security due to its resistance to reverse engineering. Additionally, MD5 is used for hashing passwords, ensuring that even in the event of a database breach, user credentials remain secure. Findings: The adoption of blockchain and cryptographic hashing techniques has shown significant improvements in transaction security and data protec-tion. By storing hashed values instead of plaintext information, the risk of sen-sitive data being compromised is substantially reduced. Our findings highlight that while BLAKE2b-512 offers strong protection for user identities, the use of MD5 for password hashing presents a layered approach to safeguarding sensi-tive information. The study demonstrates that integrating these technologies not only enhances security but also fosters trust and efficiency in digital trans-actions and business operations.
Cosmograma de la gente negra de guapi Colombia: cosmovisión y conocimiento ancestral
Authors: Hernández Ernesto
Published: October 2024

En esta investigación realizada en el municipio de Guapi, Costa Pacífica del Departamento del Cauca – Colombia, se analizan las connotaciones bioculturales que representan las azoteas como práctica agrícola ancestral de la gente negra del municipio. Las azoteas son estructuras elevadas del suelo para el control de inundaciones producto de las mareas o el ataque de animales; se siembran plantas de aliño y medicinales. Los resultados muestran que no sólo se siembra el recurso vegetal, sino también cultura e identidad, en un espacio-práctica donde convergen universos culturales como la cocina tradicional, la medicina ancestral, lo político-organizativo y lo etnoeducativo.
Re-estudio del sitio arqueológico La Mata, Estado Aragua, Venezuela
Authors: Barrios Merny
Published: October 2024

El reestudio realizado de la distribución estratigráfica y la producción cerámica del sitio prehispánico La Mata identificó un componente atípico como distintivo de la ocupación humana Pre-Valencioide. Con un estudio sistemático y reconstructivo se organizó la información de las colecciones e investigaciones previas, reconstruyendo el contexto arqueológico y estratigráfico. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron la existencia de un componente atípico asociado al contexto más antiguo del sitio, demostrando su vinculación Pre-Valencioide.
La dimensión estética de la violencia en la antropología de Michael Taussig
Authors: Puerta Simón
Published: October 2024

En el presente ensayo se propone un ejercicio de organización conceptual en torno al fecundo interés de Michael Taussig por la dimensión estética de la vida social y su pertinencia para la reflexión antropológica sobre la violencia en América Latina. Para hacerlo, en un primer momento, establecemos una ruta teórica mínima con algunos pensadores canónicos de la disciplina. En un segundo momento, valoramos los análisis de este antropólogo australiano en el contexto latinoamericano, que desarrolla proporcionando un considerable registro etnográfico y enfatizando en las contradicciones de los estados-nación contemporáneos. Lo que reivindico a partir de este pequeño estudio es la relevancia y profundidad de la teoría antropológica para abordar nuestros fenómenos y problemas más acuciantes.
La negación en dos lenguas caribe de la Sierra De Perijá, Venezuela
Authors: Oquendo Luis
Published: October 2024

Se analizan los diferentes aspectos de la negación en japreria y yukpa, lenguas caribes de la Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela. Describí los constituyentes de la negación, examiné los roles semánticos de sus verbos. En ambas lenguas la negación depende de la clasificación semántica del verbo, pero el yukpa depende de los procesos morfofonológicos que surgen de acuerdo a la proposición negativa, y, se rigen por los principios semánticos de los universales lingüísticos.
Гендерные и литературные инверсии в повести В. Брюсова «Последние страницы из дневника женщины»
Authors: Е.В. Кузнецова
Published: October 2024

В статье на примере «женской» повести В. Брюсова анализируется работа писателя с литературным, культурным, социальным и гендерным дискурсом эпохи модерна. В результате рассмотрения авторской фемининной маски, сюжета, характеров главных персонажей и высказываемых ими суждений, а также аллюзий на другие знаковые произведения русской литературы второй половины XIX — начала ХХ века, делается вывод о гендерной и литературной инверсии как основе поэтики и художественного своеобразия повести. Брюсов проблематизирует такие традиционные представления, как женская/мужская сексуальность, активность/пассивность, эмоциональность/рациональность, свобода/несвобода в любви, верность/измена, инцест, моногамия и полигамия. Детективно-любовная фабула, основанная на адюльтере, помогла ему переосмыслить некоторые философские и литературные концепции своего времени: идею «сверхчеловека», романтическую и символистскую сакрализацию фемининности, патриархатный образ женщины как страдающего начала, тютчевское представление о любви как о роковом поединке, идеи позднего Л. Толстого о семье и браке, декадентский архетип роковой женщины и т.д. Одновременно Брюсов иронизирует над собственными ранними эротическими восточными стилизациями, а также мексикано-испанской неоромантической лирикой К. Бальмонта и его псевдорыцарскими литературными масками.

The article analyzes the writer’s work with the literary, cultural, gender and social discourse of the modern era on the example of the diary “women’s” story by V. Bryusov. As a result of the analysis of the author’s feminine mask, plot, characters of the main heros and the judgments expressed by them, as well as allusions to other iconic works of Russian literature of the second half of the 19th — early 20th century, the author of the article comes to the conclusion about gender and literary inversion as the basis of the poetics and artistic originality of Bryusov’s story. Such traditional ideas as female/male sexuality, activity/passivity, emotionality/rationality, freedom/unfreedom in love, loyalty/betrayal, incest, monogamy and polygamy are being revised. A detective-love plot based on adultery helped him rethink some philosophical and literary concepts of his time: the idea of a “superman” (F. Dostoevsky, F. Nietzsche), the romantic and symbolist sacralization of femininity, the patriarchal image of a woman as a suffering being, Tyutchev’s idea of love as a fatal duel, the ideas of the late Leo Tolstoy about family and marriage, the decadent archetype of a femme fatale, etc. At the same time, Bryusov ironically reinterprets his own early erotic oriental stylizations, as well as К. Balmont’s Мexican-Spanish neo-Romantic lyrics and his pseudo-cavalier literary masks.
Киплинг: поэтика присвоения чужого
Authors: М. Свердлов
Published: October 2024

В статье разбираются три случая утверждения героя через творческий захват чужих смыслов. Первый случай — поэтический акт экспансии через эмпатию, акт перевоплощения поэта в «совсем другого» или «чужого», обеспечивающий магическую власть над аудиторией и статус «пророка империи». Второй случай ближе к имперской теме: речь идет о покорении рынка промышленником, но при условии захвата им, «низовым» человеком, области высоких смыслов. Третий случай прямо относится к практике империализма: задача — разгадать загадку захвата британским офицером враждебной территории одним только актом воли и риторической игры.

The article examines three cases of the hero’s assertion through the creative capture of other people’s meanings. The first case is the poetic act of expansion through empathy, the act of transforming the poet into a “very different” or “alien,” which provides magical power over the audience and the status of “prophet” of the empire. The second case is closer to the imperial theme: we are talking about the conquest of the market by an industrialist, but on condition that he is a “grass-roots” person, who seizes the field of high meanings. The third case relates directly to the practice of imperialism. The task is to solve the riddle of the seizure of a hostile territory by the British officer’s, which is made through the mere act of will and rhetorical play.
Тристан и Изольда у славян: «Повесть о Трыщане»
Authors: Н.М. Долгорукова
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена единственному памятнику восточнославянской литературы, основанному на так называемом бретонском материале, — «Повести о Трыщане». Текст рассматривается автором статьи в историко-литературном ключе в качестве примера рецепции романов бретонского цикла у славян. В центре внимания оказывается средневековый сюжет о двух влюбленных, который преодолевает временные и культурные границы, становясь своего рода литературной апроприацией «чужого» французского мифа.

The article is devoted to the only monument of East Slavic literature based on the so-called Breton material, the Legend of Tryshchan. The text is analyzed by the author of the article in a historical and literary way as an example of the reception of Arthurian novels. In the center of attention is the story about two lovers, which overcomes temporal and cultural boundaries and becomes a sort of literary appropriation of the "foreign" French myth.
Что знает кириллица? Идея поэтического языка в «Эклоге 4-й» и эссе И. Бродского
Authors: С. Савицкий
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена представлениям Иосифа Бродского о поэтическом языке. Они описываются как эстетическая автоконцептуализация или мифотворческий проект поэта на основе анализа его эссе, публичных выступлений и «Эклоги 4-й («Зимней»). «Эклога 4-я» ранее недостаточно изучалась в контексте идей И. Бродского о языке. Между тем это один из первых текстов, в которых они сформулированы. Уже в нем становится очевидным, что в формировании представлений поэта о поэтическом языке, опосредованных национальной идей, важную роль сыграли произведения зарубежных авторов. Вера И. Бродского в творческую силу русского языка была отчасти основана на его увлечении поэзией У.Х. Одена и Д. Уолкотта, а также на актуализации модернистской архаики (неоскифская мифология, отсылающая к четвертой книге «Истории» Геродота).

The article is devoted to Joseph Brodsky’s ideas about poetic language. They are described as an aesthetic auto-conceptualization or myth-making project of the poet based on the analysis of his essays, public speeches and “Eclogue 4th (Winter)”. “Eclogue 4th” has not been sufficiently studied in the context of J. Brodsky’s ideas about language. Meanwhile, this is one of the first texts in which they are formulated. This text demonstrates that in the formation of the poet’s ideas about the poetic language, mediated by national ideas, the works of foreign authors played an important role. J. Brodsky’s belief in the creative power of the Russian language was partly based on his passion for the poetry of W.H. Auden and D. Walcott, as well as on the actualization of modernist archaism (NeoScythian mythology, referring to the 4th book of Herodotus’ “History”).
“За честь сестры”: история несостоявшейся помолвки как эпизод женской семейной памяти в России середины XIX века
Authors: А. Белова
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме женской семейной памяти в России на примере одной из реальных жизненных историй середины XIX века — несостоявшейся помолвки Софьи Бахметьевой с князем Григорием Вяземским, — транслируемой ее матерью на официальном допросе. Анализируя эти показания, можно выявить ключевые событийные моменты, вокруг которых происходила консолидация памяти матери о символически значимых для социальной репрезентации жизненного сценария ее дочери ретроспекциях. В контексте изучения женской семейной памяти автор решает исследовательские вопросы социальных ритуалов, связанных с замужеством; организации межродовых связей, скреплявших дворянское сообщество; воспроизводства сословного этоса, предписывавшего женщинам и мужчинам определенные нормы и правила поведения и самовыражения. Несмотря на нарушение норм, вменяемых социальным этикетом и ограничивающих установок морали представленная в нарративе матери «жертвой обстоятельств» Софья Бахметьева тем не менее достигла полноценной, насколько возможно для того времени, социальной самореализации, нетипичной для большинства женщин, следовавших общественным предписаниям.

The article is devoted to the problem of women’s family memory in Russia using the example of one of the real life stories of the middle of the 19th century — the failed engagement of Sofia Bakhmetyeva to Prince Grigory Vyazemsky — broadcast by her mother during an official interrogation. By analyzing these testimonies, it is possible to identify key event moments around which the mother’s memory of retrospections that were symbolically significant for the social representation of her daughter’s life scenario was consolidated. In the context of studying women’s family memory, the author addresses research issues of social rituals associated with marriage; organization of inter-tribal ties that held the noble community together; reproduction of the class ethos, which prescribed certain norms and rules of behavior and self-expression for women and men. Despite the violation of the norms imposed by social etiquette and limiting moral guidelines, Sofya Bakhmetyeva, presented in her mother’s narrative as a “victim of circumstances,” nevertheless achieved full, as far as possible for that time, social self-realization, atypical for most women who followed social instructions.
Role of Bar and Restaurant Management System: Case of London Lounge, Ubungo Dar-es-Salaam
Authors: Mahuwi Deogratias Tasilo , Hayuma Bernad Joseph , Nkwera Victor Simon , Ntyangiri Christopher Denis , Mushi Martin Ludovick
Published: October 2024

This study aims at revealing the role played by Bar and Restaurant Management System (BRMS) in Tanzania, by studying its functionalities and user perceptions and later providing recommendations that will improve the Food and Beverage (F&B) services. London Lounge was selected as a case study to represent the middle-class bar within the country that makes use of BRMSs. The literature shows that the common design of BRMS include functionalities for accounting, inventory and employee management where the system users had positive perception on the advantages of system usage except for the inexperienced users. Focus group discussion was used as the method for data collection where the study team identified that the appropriate system users are Counter Attendants, Supervisors, Managers and the Director. The findings revealed that the system had enough functionality to exhaust the principal duties for each system user based on their job positions and hence played a big role in managing their operations. The study highlighted some system weaknesses hence provided the recommendations to improve the functionalities of the system and attract more users towards system usage. Future research on design and development of BRMS integrated with other systems to manage multiple businesses under the same ownership is highly recommended in this study.