bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gi‐coupled receptor activation potentiates Piezo2 currents via Gβγ
Authors: Del Rosario John Smith , Yudin Yevgen , Su Songxue , Hartle Cassandra M , Mirshahi Tooraj , Rohacs Tibor
Published: April 2020

Mechanically activated Piezo2 channels are key players in somatosensory touch, but their regulation by cellular signaling pathways is poorly understood. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express a variety of G‐protein‐coupled receptors that modulate the function of sensory ion channels. Gi‐coupled receptors are generally considered inhibitory, as they usually decrease excitability. Paradoxically, activation of Gi‐coupled receptors in DRG neurons sometimes induces mechanical hypersensitivity, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here, we find that activation of Gi‐coupled receptors potentiates mechanically activated currents in DRG neurons and heterologously expressed Piezo2 channels, but inhibits Piezo1 currents in heterologous systems in a Gβγ‐dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of kinases downstream of Gβγ, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) also abolishes the potentiation of Piezo2 currents. Local injection of sumatriptan, an agonist of the Gi‐coupled serotonin 1B/1D receptors, increases mechanical sensitivity in mice, and the effect is abolished by inhibiting PI3K and MAPK. Hence, our studies illustrate an indirect mechanism of action of Gβγ to sensitize Piezo2 currents and alter mechanosensitivity after activation of Gi‐coupled receptors.
Controlling Smad4 signaling with a Wip
Authors: ten Dijke Peter , Baker David
Published: April 2020

Members of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family play key roles in embryogenesis and in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their perturbation can result in a broad range of diseases. One way TGF‐β family signaling pathways are kept in check is by reversible (de)phosphorylation of intracellular Smad effectors. In this issue of EMBO Reports, Park et al [1] identify the phosphatase wild‐type p53‐induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) as a negative regulator of TGF‐β family signaling. Mechanistically, Wip1 constrains TGF‐β family signaling through direct dephosphorylation of Thr277, an activating MAP kinase phosphorylation site located in the linker region of the common mediator Smad4.
The weaponized Gulf riyal politik(s) and shifting dynamics of the global arms trade
Authors: Soubrier Emma
Published: April 2020

This article considers the politics and economics of arms trade in the Persian Gulf from the perspective of the importers, rather than the usual focus on the exporters. It analyses the purposes that weapons purchases have served over the last three decades for three of the most important Middle Eastern arms importers—the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. This shows an increasingly blurred divide between the political, economic and strategic dimensions of the arms trade. It suggests an important shift in the relations between the arms client/importing states, supplier/exporting states, and defense industrial companies.
Red flags for arms trade corruption
Authors: Perlo-Freeman Samuel
Published: April 2020

The international arms trade is highly prone to corruption. Reasons for this include the size and technical complexity of deals, the secrecy and lack of transparency surrounding the trade and the broader military sector, and the crowded nature of the arms trade where exporting nations and companies are often desperate to make sales to maintain their business and technological capabilities. But which arms deals are most likely to be corrupt? This article considers some of the “red flags” for corruption in the arms trade, including those relating to the buyer, those relating to the seller, and those relating to the deal itself, most notably the use of agents or intermediaries, and the role of offsets. The article also argues that corruption in the arms trade is a function of its very close connection with political power in both the buyer and seller countries. Major arms deals are frequently regarded as being of strategic political importance by exporting governments, while opportunities for political finance are often a motivating factor for corruption for both buyers and sellers.
The Interpretive Dominant In The Cognitive Theory Of Language
Authors: Boldyrev Nikolay N.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to propose a cognitive theory of language as a unity of three aspects: representative, communicative, and interpretive that, on the one hand, respectively corresponds to the three main functions of language: cognitive, communicative, and interpretive, and, on the other, to the three systems of categorization realizing these functions: lexical, grammatical, and interpretive. It traditionally been held that language performs two basic functions (cognitive and communicative) and a number of complementary ones: aesthetical, emotional, meta-linguistic, orientating, manipulative, etc. In contrast with the traditional view we argue that all complementary functions are in fact nothing else but various specifications of the third basic function – the interpreting one. It grounds in the interpretive nature of cognition and language themselves, in their obvious integrity and is substantiated at the categorical level of language evincing special interpretive (modus) categories and tools of meaning construction. This assumption constitutes the Interpretive Commitment of any cognitive theory of language and the nature of that commitment is also substantiated in the article as well the types of linguistic interpretation and the cognitive models and schemas underlying it. Specifically, the article distinguishes between primary and secondary linguistic interpretation as its basic types, models of interpretation of the physical world and society, and those of interpretation of knowledge about the world and society. Some specific functions and types of linguistic interpretation are also outlined, among them selective interpretation, classification, and evaluation.
Providing Care for Infants Born at Home
Authors: Watterberg Kristi ,   COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN, Cummings James J. , Adams-Chapman Ira S. , Aucott Susan Wright , Goldsmith Jay P. , Hand Ivan L. , Juul Sandra E. , Poindexter Brenda Bradley , Puopolo Karen Marie , Stewart Dan L. , Barfield Wanda D.
Published: April 2020

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) believes that current data show that hospitals and accredited birth centers are the safest settings for birth in the United States. The AAP does not recommend planned home birth, which has been reported to be associated with a twofold to threefold increase in infant mortality in the United States. The AAP recognizes that women may choose to plan a home birth. This statement is intended to help pediatricians provide constructive, informed counsel to women considering home birth while retaining their role as child advocates and to summarize appropriate care for newborn infants born at home that is consistent with care provided for infants born in a medical care facility. Regardless of the circumstances of his or her birth, including location, every newborn infant deserves health care consistent with that highlighted in this statement, which is more completely described in other publications from the AAP, including Guidelines for Perinatal Care and the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation. All health care clinicians and institutions should promote communications and understanding on the basis of professional interaction and mutual respect.
Hepatitis C-vírus- (HCV-) infekció és malignus lymphomák: az ellátás szempontjai egy HCV-pozitív, marginalis zóna lymphomás beteg esete kapcsán
Authors: Folhoffer Anikó , Tárkányi Ilona , Németh Dániel , Csernus Balázs , Rajnai Hajnalka , Matolcsy András , Kaposi Novák Pál , Abonyi† Margit , Tóth Tamás , Szalay Ferenc , Demeter Judit
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A hepatitis C-vírus (HCV) krónikus májgyulladáshoz,
májcirrhosishoz, májrákhoz vezethet. A Flaviviridae csoportba tartozó RNS vírus
nemcsak hepatotrop, de lymphotrop tulajdonsággal is rendelkezik. Számos
extrahepatikus manifesztációja között jelentős a lymphoproliferatív eltérés. A
főként B-sejtes betegségek közül leggyakoribb az alacsony malignitású marginalis
zóna lymphoma, a diffúz nagy B-sejtes lymphoma, valamint a follicularis
lymphoma. Beteg: A hypertoniás, visszérműtéten átesett 54 éves
férfi beteg thrombopeniájának, indirekt, Coombs-pozitív hyperbilirubunaemiájának
és hepatosplenomegaliájának hátterében HCV-infekció talaján kialakult Child B
stádiumú májcirrhosis igazolódott. Az inhomogén szerkezetű, megnagyobbodott,
lobulált felszínű májban körülírt eltérés nem látszott. A portalis keringés
megtartott volt. A máj fokozott keménysége (26 kPa, IQR/med. 18%) F4 cirrhosisra
utalt. A homogén szerkezetű lépet jelentősen nagyobbnak (20×9 cm) mértük. A
perifériás vérkenet alapján lymphoma gyanúja merült fel, amit a crista-biopsia
eredménye megerősített, CD5/CD10-negatív marginális zóna lymphomát (MZL)
diagnosztizáltunk. A fenti májbetegségnek és a HCV 1b genotípusnak megfelelően,
sofosbuvir/ledipasvir direkt antivirális kezelést indítottunk. A 12 hetes
kezelés tartós vírusmentességet eredményezett. Mind a májbetegség, mind a
lymphoma tünetei mérséklődtek, a beteg testsúlya nőtt, fáradékonysága megszűnt.
Megbeszélés: Az irodalomból is ismert, hogy a krónikus C
hepatitisben a B-sejtes lymphomák előfordulása gyakoribb. Az antiviralis kezelés
hatására lymphoma javulását is leírták, esetünkben a társuló immunhaemolysis
mértékének csökkenését észleltük. Lymphomaspecifikus kezelés jelenleg nem
szükséges, a beteg tünetmentes és stabil, progresszió esetén rituximab
monoterápia jön szóba. Következtetés: A fenti eset példa a
HCV-pozitív betegekben előforduló B-sejtes lymphomára. Bár az irodalomból
ismert, hogy a hepatitis C-vírus eradikációjával a B-sejtes non-Hodgkin-lymphoma
regrediálhat, esetünkben az eddig eltelt vírusmentes időszakban ezt még nem
észleltük, igaz, hogy progressziót sem.
The Benefits of Adjuvant Trastuzumab for HER-2-Positive Salivary Gland Cancers
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Bae Ji Eun , Lorch Jochen H. , Haddad Robert I. , Jo Vickie Y. , Schoenfeld Jonathan D. , Margalit Danielle N. , Tishler Roy B. , Goguen Laura A. , Annino Donald J. , Chau Nicole G.
Published: April 2020

Background

Although high-grade salivary gland cancers (SGCs) often express androgen receptor (AR) and/or HER-2/neu, therapeutically targeting these receptors in SGC remains investigational. We investigated the prevalence of receptor expression and the benefit of adjuvant HER-2 directed therapy in the high-risk postoperative setting and explored the clinical utility of sequentially targeting these receptors in the setting of advanced disease.

Materials and Methods

We clinically annotated 95 patients with SGC (excluding adenoid cystic carcinoma) treated at our institution from 2002 to 2019 and recorded AR, HER-2/neu status, and tumor genomic profiling results when available. Clinicopathologic information was then integrated with outcomes.

Results

Of 95 patients, most had high-risk histologies, with salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) as the most frequent diagnosis (43, 45%). Thirty-five (37%) experienced recurrence (51% SDC). HER-2/neu was positive (1–3+) by immunostaining in 34 of 52 (65%) evaluable cases. There was no difference in survival based on HER-2/neu or AR expression. Nine of 17 (53%) patients with HER-2+ SDC received adjuvant chemoradiation with trastuzumab. Median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were longer among patients with HER-2/neu 3+ staining tumors who received adjuvant trastuzumab versus those who did not (DFS, 117 vs. 9 months; p = .02; OS, 74 vs. 43 months; p = .02), with no difference among other HER-2/neu subgroups (0–2+). Two of nine (22%) patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab demonstrated recurrence, both with low HER-2/neu staining intensity (1+). Longer time to recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.94; p = .01) predicted improved outcomes. Both androgen deprivation and HER-2-directed therapies had clinical benefit beyond the first-line metastatic setting, with partial response observed beyond second-line use.

Conclusion

Although prospective data are lacking, the use of adjuvant trastuzumab in high-risk patients with SGC appears beneficial, particularly among patients with tumors exhibiting HER-2/neu 3+ immunostaining.

Implications for Practice

Results of this study showed an improved disease-free and overall survival in patients treated with adjuvant trastuzumab for high-risk salivary gland cancers with strong HER-2/neu staining intensity. Following recurrence or metastatic spread, sequential HER-2, and androgen-directed therapies may benefit certain patients with salivary gland cancer.
A Phase Ib Study to Evaluate the MEK Inhibitor Cobimetinib in Combination with the ERK1/2 Inhibitor GDC-0994 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Weekes Colin , Lockhart Albert , LoRusso Patricia , Murray Elaine , Park Erica , Tagen Mike , Singh Jatinder , Sarkar Indrani , Mueller Lars , Dokainish Hatem , Shapiro Geoffrey , Burris Howard
Published: April 2020

Lessons Learned

Despite strong preclinical rationale, combined cobimetinib-mediated MEK inhibition and GDC-0994-mediated ERK inhibition was not tolerable on two 28-day dosing schedules in which GDC-0994 was given for 21 days continuously and cobimetinib administered over 21 days either continuously or intermittently. Adverse events were as expected for mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibition, but overlapping and cumulative toxicities could not be managed on either dosing schedule. Pharmacokinetic parameters of cobimetinib and GDC-0994 given in combination were similar to those previously observed in monotherapy studies, so that there was no evidence of drug–drug interaction. Cycle 1 metabolic responses were observed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography but were not predictive of outcome measured by RECIST 1.1.

Background

Simultaneous targeting of multiple nodes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway offers the prospect of enhanced activity in RAS-RAF-mutant tumors. This phase Ib trial evaluated the combination of cobimetinib (MEK inhibitor) and GDC-0994 (ERK inhibitor) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.

Methods

Cobimetinib and GDC-0994 were administered orally on two separate dosing schedules. Arm A consisted of concurrent cobimetinib and GDC-0994 once daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle; Arm B consisted of intermittent dosing of cobimetinib on a 28-day cycle concurrent with GDC-0994 daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle.

Results

In total, 24 patients were enrolled. For Arm A, owing to cumulative grade 1–2 toxicity, the dose of cobimetinib was decreased. For Arm B, dose increases of GDC-0994 and cobimetinib were intolerable with grade 3 dose-limiting toxicities of myocardial infarction and rash. Pharmacokinetic data did not show evidence of a drug–drug interaction. Overall, seven patients had a best overall response of stable disease (SD) and one patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma had an unconfirmed partial response.

Conclusion

The safety profile of MEK and ERK inhibition demonstrated classic MAPK inhibitor–related adverse events (AEs). However, overlapping AEs and cumulative toxicity could not be adequately managed on either dosing schedule, restricting the ability to further develop this combination.
Ground waste glass–carbide lime as a sustainable binder stabilising three different silica sands
Authors: Consoli Nilo Cesar , da Silva Carretta Mariana , Festugato Lucas , Leon Helena Batista , Tomasi Lennon Ferreira , Heineck Karla Salvagni
Published: April 2020

Waste glass is a solid residue usually available near urban centres, where it is discarded after being used as a container for one of several products. Carbide lime (CL) is a by-product of the manufacture of acetylene gas. The present research evaluates the potential of combining these two wastes as a possible hydraulic cement to enhance the behaviour of sands. Pozzolanic reactions occur between silica in its amorphous phases (found in GG) and Ca++(present in CL) in an alkaline environment. The effect of the amount of GG, the CL content and the porosity of the blend on the strength, stiffness and durability of compacted sand–GG–CL mixes is quantified for three distinct sands. An original parameter, termed the porosity/binder index (η/Biv), can be used to normalise the behaviour of the unconfined compressive strength (qu), the shear modulus at small strains (G0) and the accumulated loss of mass (ALM) of the compacted mixes, considering GG + CL as the binder. Results have shown unique normalised tendencies for qu, G0and ALM with η/Bivfor the three studied compacted sand–GG–CL blends, even though each sand has a distinct grain size distribution.
Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846): A New Threat to Fish Biodiversity in Ordu Province (Middle Black Sea Region)
Authors: BOSTANCI Derya , YEDİER Serdar , POLAT Nazmi
Published: April 2020

The invasive fish species pose a significant threat to both local fish species and aquatic habitats. During the field surveys, an invasive fish species Pseudorasbora parva was found for the first time in Ulugöl (Ordu). In the field studies, 41 P. parva individuals from different size groups were captured. Total length (TL), fork length (FL), standard length (SL) and weight (W) of this invasive species which continuously increase distribution in Turkish inland waters were recorded. The average TL, FL, SL and W values of the P. parva were 7.24±1.2 cm (3.8-9.4 cm), 6.52±1.1 cm (3.4-8.4 cm), 5.73±0.9 cm (3.0-7.1 cm) and 3.24±1.4 g (0.4415-6.8632 g), respectively. P. parva species was reported as the first record in Ordu (Middle Black Sea Region). The increase in the number of P. parva individuals in Ulugöl is a great threat to Ordu fish biodiversity.
Türkiye’nin Kerevit Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) Üretiminin Ulusal ve Küresel Ölçekte Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CİLBİZ Mehmet , AYDIN Celalettin , UZUNMEHMETOĞLU Oğuz Yaşar
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada, Dünya’daki kerevit üretim miktarlarının yıllar içerisindeki değişimi ve Türkiye’de gerçekleşen üretimin küresel ölçekteki payı değerlendirilmiş olup, üretim kapasitesinin arttırılmasına yönelik bazı tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur. 2016 yılı Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) verilerine göre Dünya’da avcılığa dayalı kerevit üretimi 15.782 t’dur. Bu miktarın 5.460 t’u Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) tarafından yapılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise üretim sadece 544 t ile sınırlı kalmıştır. 2000’li yılların başlarından itibaren yetiştiricilik kapasitesinde önemli bir artış gözlenmeye başlamış; Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, ABD, Mısır, İspanya gibi bazı ülkeler ön plana çıkmışlardır. Yetiştiricilikte en çok tercih edilen tür ise yüksek yumurta verimi, veba hastalığına karşı dirençli olması ve iyi büyüme performansı göstermesi nedeni ile Procambarus clarkii olmuştur. Türkiye’de ise yetiştiriciliğe dayalı kerevit üretimi yapılmamaktadır. 2016 yılı rakamlarına göre Dünya’da kerevit üretiminin ekonomik karşılığı 7.721.093.642 $USD olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Pazardaki en büyük pay 7.403.800.000 $USD ile Çin HC’ne aittir. Türkiye’nin pazardaki payı 1.454.000 $USD toplam gelir ile sadece %0,0188’dir. Sahip olduğu yüksek iç su potansiyeline karşın, Türkiye’nin kerevit üretimi oldukça azdır. Doğal stoklarımızın hastalık, balıkçılık baskısı, kirlilik ve habitat tahribatları gibi sorunlarla karşı karşıya olmasından dolayı yakın gelecekte üretimi avcılık yolu ile arttırmak olası görülmemektedir. Üretim miktarı artışı diğer ülkelerde olduğu gibi yetiştiricilik ile sağlanabileceğinden, yetiştiriciliğe yönelik çalışmaların hızlandırılması gerekmektedir.
Принятие решений в условиях риска и неопределенности
Authors: Романенко Мария Игоревна
Published: April 2020

Цель : произвести группировку источников возникновения рисков при реализации строительных проектов, установить последствия и определить оптимальный метод принятия решений в условиях неопределенности. Обсуждение : неопределенность и риски формируют среду реализации проектов в строительстве. Ее оценка сложна и многофакторна, неизвестность исходных параметров не позволяет спрогнозировать конечный результат, что порождает риск и снижение инвестиционной привлекательности проекта. Своевременное выявление источников возникновения рисков и принятие соответствующих управленческих решений позволят поддерживать баланс двустороннего сотрудничества между заинтересованными сторонами в потоке времени и на всех этапах жизненного цикла проекта. Результаты : в статье рассмотрены риск и неопределенность как элементы, формирующие среду реализации строительного проекта. Произведена группировка источников возникновения рисков, рассмотрено их влияние на процесс реализации проектов, а также выявлена группа форсмажорных рисков, которая имеет место быть в условиях сегодняшнего дня. Рассмотрена возможность снижения уровня неопределенности при принятии управленческих решений за счет использования методов гибкого планирования, которые представлены как пошаговый инструмент управления строительным проектом в условиях риска и неопределенности. Предложена теоретическая основа с уточнением источника возможных проблем, планирования вероятностных решений на строительной площадке путем использования определенных методов управления, позволяющих гибко адаптироваться проекту и успешно его реализовывать.
Place of Mediation in the Monitoring of the Educational Process Conflict Factors in the Conditions of Modern Risks
Authors: Pinkevich Anna G. , Artemov George P.
Published: April 2020

This article deals with the role of mediation in conflict management and especially in the monitoring of conflict factors of education activities. In the article the authors analyse the system of monitoring and its principles and methods. Special attention is paid to the integration of monitoring and mediation. Recently, the mediation institution has been developing quite actively in Russia. Mediation is a negotiation with a third neutral party. It differs from negotiations by the removal of responsibility for carrying out procedures from representatives of the parties. It is one of the ways of conflict prevention and regulation. The article shows different models of embedding of mediation into the conflict management system in high school. Mediation and monitoring are considered as important parts of this management
Specific Features of Educational and Pedagogical Discourse in the Context of Anthropological Challenges: Socio-Cultural Approach
Authors: Kochetkov Maksim V. , Kovalevich Igor’ A.
Published: April 2020

The relevance of the research is due to the destructive influence of digitalization of society, globalization processes, technological and social progress on a person in his spiritual and physical integrity. These are, first of all, such technological and sociocultural factors as virtualization of the individual’s consciousness, cyborgization, loss of subjectivity in the process of merging with information machine complexes, genetic engineering, cloning, pharmaceutical modifying human influence. It is proved that a broad interpretation of educational and pedagogical discourse is adequate for the modern socio-cultural space, which is becoming more complicated for description, which makes it synonymous with such a basic category for pedagogical science as the pedagogical process. The marked tendency is estimated as negative, as the categorical value of basic concepts for pedagogy is lost, the subject of pedagogical science in the system of human Sciences is blurred. Therefore, a highly specialized definition of specific features of pedagogical discourse is justified. It is concluded that the pedagogical category “zone of immediate development” in its socio-cultural hypostasis contributes to the designation of specific features of educational and pedagogical discourse, focusing on specific pedagogical tasks. For example orientation to the zone of the nearest development of the individual in the process of his constant development and self-development assumes permanent diagnostic correction on the part of the teacher in relation to the student. This favors the consistency of the socio-cultural experience transmitted by the teacher with the life experience of the student, the emotional “inclusion” of the latter in the educational process
Rotationally-axisymmetric Motion of a Binary Mixture with a Flat Free Boundary at Small Marangoni Numbers
Authors: Andreev Victor K. , Sobachkina Natalya L.
Published: April 2020

Rotationally-axisymmetric motion of a binary mixture with a flat free boundary at small Marangoni numbers is investigated. The problem is reduced to the inverse linear initial-boundary value problem for parabolic equations. Using Laplace transformation properties the exact analytical solution is obtained. It is shown that a stationary solution is the limiting one with the growth of time if there is a certain relationship between the temperature of the solid wall and the external temperature of the gas. If there is no connection, the convergence to the stationary solution is broken. Some examples of numerical reconstruction of the temperature, concentration and velocity fields are given, which confirm the theoretical conclusions
Investigating the effect of Non-uniform voids on the final strength of engineered porous materials
Authors: Kavian E. , Dibajian S. H.
Published: April 2020

One way to identify porous materials is to use multi-scale analysis, and the relationships currently available for multi-scale analysis are limited to mean stress and strain values. These relationships have a great error in calculating the fracture strength of materials. It should be noted that in multi-scale methods, quantities of normal mean values are usually used to calculate macro properties, while concepts such as fracture and fatigue cannot be explained by such quantities. Since the amount of stress in different portions of porous materials is not the same, this study uses statistics and probability to better understand the stress. For this purpose, the stress histogram of the porous materials is firstly investigated. According to the obtained histogram, the probability density function was calculated for it. Finally, the effect of location uniformity and cavity size on the probability density function of porous materials is investigated.
Molecular diagnostics of the Krabbe disease in Russian children
Authors: Pushkov Alexander A. , Mazanova Nataliya N. , Kuzenkova Lyudmila M. , Zhurkova Nataliya V. , Globa Oksana V. , Alexeeva Alina Yu. , Migali Alla V. , Sukhozhenko Aleksey V. , Varichkina Mariya A. , Chernyaev Vasily V. , Asanov Aliy Yu. , Fisenko Andrey P. , Savostyanov Kirill V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Krabbe disease (KD) is the lysosomal storage disease developed due to the decline of the galactocerebrosidase activity associated with mutations in the GALC gene. It leads to the development of oligodendrocytes and lemmocytes (Schwann cells) myelin-forming dysfunction. Nowadays the only possible treatment of KD is hemopoietic cell transplantation which should be performed before the manifestation of any signs of disease. That is why laboratory diagnostics has special significance.

The aim of the study. To elaborate the algorithm of a molecular diagnostics of the Krabbe disease (KD) in Russian children.

Material and methods. 190 patients were diagnosed for the exclusion of KD during the period from 2012 to 2019. In all cases, there was measured a galactocerebrosidase activity in dry blood spots. In cases with the declined enzyme activity, there was performed a further search of pathogenic variants in the GALC gene. The concentration of glycosyl sphingosine (Lyso-GL1) biomarker was measured in 90 patients included in the study since 2016.

Results. The enzyme activity was decreased in all patients in comparison with the control group (0.330.05; 2.950.24 mol/l/h, (p0.001; CI: 95%) in 9 patients. Also, we revealed an increased concentration of Lyso-GL1 biomarker in matched controls (12.501.57 ng/ml; 1.80.33 ng/ml, (p0.005; CI: 95%) in 5 patients. During molecular genetic testing of KD, three novel pathogenic variants of the GALC gene were revealed in 3 out of 9 patients: c.265-2AG, c.1036del and c.2037_2040del.

Conclusion. The Lyso-GL1 concentration measurement can be used as an additional diagnostics method of KD. The high efficiency of the presented algorithm for the KD diagnostics in Russian children is presented.
Behavioural Influence of Atorvastatin alone and in Combination with Antiepileptics against Electroconvulsions in Mice
Authors: Rajangam Jayaraman , Manogna K. , Mounica K. , Padma C. , Swathi A.
Published: April 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioral influence of atorvastatin alone and in combination with antiepileptics like lacosamide and levetiracetam in the mouse after the experimental convulsions induced by maximal electroshock method. The maximal seizure pattern was induced in mice in alternative days for upto 9 days by giving an alternating current of 45 mA for 0.2 Sec. Atorvastatin (10mg/ kg i.p) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the electrical induction of seizures in alone and in combination with lacosamide (10mg/kg i.p) and levetiracetam (10mg/kg i.p). Rota rod, hole board, tail suspension and were used to record behavioral effects periodically. Additionally, the effects of administration of atorvastatin on the adverse effect potential of an lacosamide and levetiracetam were assessed in the chimney test for its motor performance. The results shows that, there is a gradual significant increase of muscle grip strength (p<0.05) and reduction in immobility time (p<0.05) on the 7th day which indicates modulatory effect of atorvastatin on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In hole board test there was a significant increase in head poking were observed which indicates that the given drug atorvastatin has alleviated the anxiety and depression which confirms its modulatory effects on behavior while combining with levetiracetam and lacosamide. In addition to this atorvastatin in combinations with both antiepileptic drugs had no impact on their adverse effects in the chimney test. Based on the study, the results suggest that the HMG-CoA inhibitor atorvastatin fails to protect the seizures alone and in combination with levetiracetam and shows modulatory effects on behavior while combining with antiepileptics in MES convulsion model.
Study on the transformation and upgrading path and countermeasures of Zhejiang's foreign trade promoted by cross-border e-commerce
Authors: Zhang Yifan
Published: April 2020

In recent years, with the continuous rise of cross-border e-commerce, traditional foreign trade has been affected to some extent, but it is still developing steadily. How to promote the development of traditional foreign trade with the help of cross-border e-commerce is the focus of this paper. Taking Zhejiang province as an example, this paper studies the path and countermeasures of promoting the transformation and upgrading of Zhejiang's foreign trade by cross-border e-commerce.
Gamma glutamyl transferase – an underestimated marker for cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Neuman Manuela G , Malnick Stephen , Chertin Lucy
Published: April 2020

Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme in glutathione and cysteine metabolism. GGT is a standard liver enzyme test reflecting biliary tract involvement. It also has a prooxoidant activity and a modulating influence on endothelia dysfunction. GGT is associated with the metabolic syndrome and is often elevated in patients with NAFLD.

There is also a role for GGT activity in several aspects cardiovascular disease. There is an association between elevated GGT and cardiovascular mortality, atrial fibrillation, exacerbation of congestive heart failure . In addition there is an association with obstructive sleep apnea.

We review the evidence available and suggest that there is a need for further assessing the use of GGT, together with the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a prognostic marker.
The Disappearance of the Other: A Note on the Distortion of Love
Authors: Engdahl Emma
Published: April 2020

Against the backdrop of contemporary sociological theories of love, this article explores the disappearance of the other in contemporary love relationships by focusing on the relationship between love and depression. The aim of the article is twofold: first, to provide a theoretical framework to be able to grasp in what ways the other is threatened with erosion in contemporary love relationships and why this may cause depression; second, to exemplify it with empirical data consisting of human documents such as novels, interviews, sms- and messenger-correspondence. The first section, excluding the introduction, consists of methodological reflections. The second section introduces Hegel’s thinking on love and discusses the perception of it by thinkers such as Honneth, Sartre, and Beauvoir, as well as its parallels with Giddens’s idea on confluent love as a new egalitarian paradigm for equality in intimate relationships. The third section is mainly devoted to Kristeva’s theory of the melancholic-depressive composite, but also introduces Illouz’s concept of autotelic desire. In the fourth section, Han’s idea of “the erosion of difference” and Bauman’s thinking on “the broken structure of desire” are discussed in relation to the use of Tinder in contemporary culture. The fifth section consists of an analysis of excerpts from contemporary love novels and interviews that illustrates the disappearance of the other in contemporary love relationships. In the sixth section, a number of longer passages from a messenger conversation, ranging over a couple of months in duration, is reproduced and interpreted, mainly by help of Kristeva’s thinking, in order to make visible the relation between the erosion of the other and melancholic depression. The article ends with a short conclusion.
“Living with Illegal Feelings”—Analysis of the Internet Discourse on Negative Emotions towards Children and Motherhood
Authors: Garncarek Emilia
Published: April 2020

The aim of the article is to show the socio-cultural conditions influencing the ways of expressing emotions and feelings by mothers. It presents the results of the analysis of the Internet discourse on negative attitudes towards motherhood and/or a child/children. The text is built on the author’s research on the issue of “regretting motherhood” and is based on a qualitative analysis of the content—blog entries/posts: nieperfekcyjnie.pl [notperfect.pl], matkawygodna.pl [slackermom.pl], mamwatpliwosc.pl [ihaveadoubt.pl], and in the group—Internet forum—Żałuję rodzicielstwa [I regret parenthood]. The theoretical basis were the concepts included in the sociology of symbolic interactionism.
Dealing with Feeling: Emotion, Affect, and the Qualitative Research Encounter
Authors: Rau Asta
Published: April 2020

Emotion and affect are different, yet intricately interwoven. Emotions such as fear, joy, or sadness are biological in as far as they are physically felt, but they are relational in as far as they are more fully experienced. Affect arises out of the relational quality of emotion—it consists of the myriad ways in which emotions are embodied, expressed, and enacted.

Emotion and affect are influenced by their physical and symbolic contexts. In terms of physical context, data for this article were collected from two different research studies and several sites in the Free State Province of South Africa. Two forms of data were collected: verbal data and images/artworks. In terms of symbolic context, these verbal and visual forms of language and their functioning were explored to generate insights on the social construction of emotion and affect.

Margaret Wetherell’s work provides a theoretical basis for analyzing emotion and affect. Rather than conceptualizing emotion in terms of obscure or esoteric formulations, her “practice-based” approach grounds the study of emotion by examining its manifestation in actions. When taken together, action and practice imply pattern and order, form and function, process and consequence.

Both projects featured in this paper are sensitive studies that stir emotion. This is fertile ground for exploring emotion and affect in participants’ narratives. It is also fertile ground for exploring how emotion and affect may influence the qualitative researcher and the research process itself. Accordingly, this paper offers an additional layer of analysis on the functioning of intersubjectivity, power, emotion, and affect in the research encounter. Concluding insights endorse the practice of mindfulness as a fruitful approach to manage researcher subjectivity in the qualitative research encounter.
Reliability, Validity and Empirical Dimensionality of the Minnesota Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Diagnoses Scale Among Italian Nursing Students
Authors: Di Sarra Luca , D'Agostino Fabio , Scialò Gennaro , Rocco Gennaro , Ghezzi Valerio , Vellone Ercole , Macale Loreana , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose

Perceptions toward nursing diagnosis (ND) may represent core drivers of its adoption within clinical practice. Few studies have investigated perceptions toward ND within nursing academic contexts. The study was conducted to validate the Italian version of the Minnesota Nurses' Perceptions of Nursing Diagnoses (MNPND) scale on a sample of Italian nursing students and explore the psychometric structure of perceptions in a sample drawn from this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey with an online self-administered questionnaire was used. The study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Results

A three-factorstructure was obtained from parallel analysis and EFA. This was confirmed using CFA; fit statistics: MLRχ² (132) = 230.150, p <. 001; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05 [90% CI = 0.041–0.064]; SRMR = 0.056).

Conclusions

The MNPND scale is a useful instrument to measure nursing students' perceptions of ND
Prótesis del miembro inferior de los mochicas
Authors: Paico Vílchez Emiliano , Paico Zumaeta Emiliano
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo permite evidenciar el ingenio y la sabiduría que tuvieron los cirujanos mochicas de crear una prótesis ortopédica de madera para menguar la discapacidad a quienes les habían amputado un pie. Así mismo, enfatiza la habilidad de los ceramistas mochicas para representar en sus obras, con una veracidad impresionante, a personas usando prótesis en reemplazo del pie que le fue amputado.
Estrategias cualitativas para la innovación educativa, en el marco del aprendizaje y servicio solidario y la experiencia profesional anticipada
Authors: Giesecke Sara-Lafosse Mercedes P.
Published: April 2020

Se presenta estrategias para investigaciones formativas cualitativas desde el enfoque del aprendizaje y servicio solidario, como experiencia profesional anticipada en el marco de la responsabilidad social universitaria, a partir del Proyecto de Innovación Educativa “Desarrollando la identidad para el crecimiento intercultural: Autoetnografía - 2019 II”, realizado en una escuela pública emblemática de la ciudad de Lima.
Evolution de la diversité génétique des populations françaises de bovins allaitants spécialisés de 1979 à 2008
Authors: BOUQUET A. , RENAND G. , PHOCAS F.
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente un bilan de la variabilité génétique des trois principales populations bovines allaitantes françaises en contrôle de performances (CP). Des noyaux de sélection diffusent largement des taureaux de monte naturelle (MN) ou d’insémination animale (IA) utilisés dans le reste des élevages de production au CP. La connaissance des généalogies est bonne dans les trois races mais est hétérogène entre élevages de sélection et de production. Les taux d’accroissement de consanguinité estimés sont faibles à modérés dans les populations Limousine, Charolaise et Blonde d’Aquitaine (environ 0,01, 0,1 et 0,2% par génération, respectivement) et correspondent à des effectifs génétiques relativement élevés (>1000, 601 et 247). Les effectifs génétiques estimés sont plus faibles dans les noyaux de sélection des reproducteurs de MN et d’IA que dans l’ensemble des élevages en CP mais ils restent importants. L’évolution des statistiques dérivées des probabilités d’origine des gènes montre l’existence de goulets d’étranglement anciens dans la population Blonde d’Aquitaine et plus récents dans les populations Charolaise et Limousine. Ces goulets résultent de l’utilisation de l’IA historiquement forte dans la population Blonde d’Aquitaine et plus modérée mais en constante augmentation dans les populations Charolaise et Limousine. Pour préserver la variabilité génétique toujours disponible dans ces populations, il conviendrait de recruter dans les programmes de sélection des taureaux d’IA une proportion suffisante de mâles issus de taureaux de MN et de veiller à équilibrer les contributions des pères à taureaux aux différentes séries de testage.
Nouvelles de la recherche - 2èmes Journées de la Recherche Filière Piscicole
Authors: PEREZ J.M.
Published: April 2020

Suite à la première édition de 2007, les organismes de recherche INRA, IFREMER et CIRAD avec le CIPA (Comité Interprofessionnel des Produits de l’Aquaculture), l’ITAVI (Institut Technique de l’Aviculture), le SYSAAF (SYndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français) et au Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche (MAP) ont organisé, en partenariat, les 1 et 2 juillet 2009 les 2èmes Journées Recherche Filière Piscicole (JRFP). Comme pour les autres filières françaises d'élevage, l'objectif de ces journées est d'améliorer les échanges d'informations entre tous les acteurs de la filière. Elles permettent de mieux faire connaître les programmes de recherche, d'en diffuser les résultats et d'en montrer les perspectives d'application ; et de s'informer sur l'évolution des pratiques dans les entreprises.
Durant ces deux journées, plusieurs sessions ont abordé les thèmes d'actualité importants pour la filière piscicole : Nutrition, Environnement, Génétique, Qualité, Durabilité… avec notamment lors de la première journée les réponses et éclairages de la recherche aux grands reproches formulées à la filière : l’Aquaculture pille-t-elle les mers ? l’Aquaculture pollue-t-elle ? Le poisson d’élevage est-il moins bon ?
voir la suite sur le pdf ci-joint  https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/3285/33228/version/1/file/Nouvelle_de_la_recherche-22-5.pdf
Статистические характеристики решений системы стохастической модели переноса
Authors: Задорожний Владимир Григорьевич , Zadorozhnii Vladimir Grigoryevich , Семенов Михаил Евгеньевич , Semenov Mikhail Yevgen'evich , Сельвесюк Николай Иванович , Sel'vesyuk Nikolay Ivanovich , Ульшин Игорь Иванович , Ul'shin Igor' Ivanovich , Ножкин Владимир Сергеевич , Nozhkin Vladimir Sergeyevich
Published: April 2020

Предлагается стохастическая модель переноса, формализуемая с помощью дифференциальных уравнений со случайными параметрами. Получены явные выражения
для математического ожидания и второй моментной функции решения соответствующих уравнений. Определена оценка степени влияния случайных факторов на
систему в случае замены случайного коэффициента уравнения его математическим
ожиданием. Приведен пример, демонстрирующий эффективность предлагаемого
подхода в случае гауссова распределения случайных коэффициентов, позволяющий определить математическое ожидание и вторую моментную функцию в рамках модельных представлений. В качестве приложения рассматривается модель
переноса тепла и влаги в приземном слое атмосферы.
Деформирование и разрушение тонкой нити под действием динамической нагрузки
Authors: Васюков Алексей Викторович , Vasyukov Aleksei Viktorovich , Еловенкова Мария Артуровна , Elovenkova Mariya Arturovna , Петров Игорь Борисович , Petrov Igor Borisovich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается задача распространения деформаций и напряжений в тонкой нити при действии механической ударной нагрузки, а также разрушение нити в данном процессе. Рассматриваются высокоскоростные взаимодействия, для которых скорость движения ударника сопоставима со скоростью распространения звука в нити. Для верификации выполнено моделирование развития деформаций в одномерной нити под действием точечного удара, результаты сопоставлены с аналитическим решением. Приведены расчeты различных режимов воздействия распределeнной нагрузки на тонкую нить, приводящих к принципиально разной картине деформаций и разрушений нити.
Модель общего равновесия с налоговым аудитом и эндогенным выбором между рынком труда и самозанятостью
Authors: Ачкасов Юрий Константинович , Achkasov Yurii Konstantinovich , Пильник Николай Петрович , Pil'nik Nikolay Petrovich
Published: April 2020

Рассматривается модель общего равновесия, описывающая взаимодействие неоднородных агентов, выбирающих между рынком труда и самозанятостью и государством, играющим в модели роль проверяющего органа (аудитора), контролирующего факт ухода от налогов. Показано, что в случае асимметричности информации увеличивается максимизирующая сумму налоговых поступлений ставка налогообложения. Кривая Лаффера при асимметрии информации приближается к своему аналогу при симметричной информации, если высоки штрафы или бюджет налоговой инспекции. Несмотря на то, что в равновесии сумма выплачиваемых штрафов равна нулю, они оказывают существенное влияние на сумму налоговых поступлений. Являясь эффективным методом устрашения нарушителей налогового законодательства, они увеличивают сумму налоговых сборов с замедляющимся темпом.
Effect of Microneedle Cross-Sectional Shape on Puncture Resistance – Investigation of Polygonal and Star-Shaped Cross Sections –
Authors: Aoyagi Seiji , Okuda Kento , Takahashi Tomokazu , Suzuki Masato ,   Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan,   Housing Technology, LIXIL Corporation 130 Asaji, Oyabe, Toyama 932-0122, Japan
Published: April 2020

The shape of the needle tip that is currently used in the medical field is a “lancet point,” which is a diagonally cut cylindrical pipe, further cut on both sides. The shape of the needle shank is typically cylindrical. In this paper, tip and shank shapes that differ from the standard shape are experimentally investigated for the purpose of reducing puncture resistance. Microneedles of various cross-sectional shapes, such as polygonal and star-like, were fabricated using stereo laser lithography. Before the needle penetrates the skin, sharp edges at the needle tip may be effective to generate a stress concentration on the skin, inducing a skin fracture. After the needle penetrates the skin, corners in the cross section of the needle shank may effectively reduce the frictional resistance because the contact area between the skin and needle is limited at the corners. A needle insertion experiment was conducted against an artificial skin made of polydimethylsiloxane. The puncture resistance decreased respectively for the circular needle, polygonal needle, and star-shaped needle. For the star-shaped needles, the maximum resistance decreased as the number of corners (N) decreased. For the polygonal needle, the maximum resistance increased as N increased from 3 to 5; however, there was no observable difference for N from 6 to 8. The experimental results show that a triangular star-shaped microneedle is the most effective in reducing the puncture resistance.