bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiology of Sensory and Motor Nerve Root Fibers in Selective Dorsal Rhizotomies
Authors: Martinez Vicente , Browd Samuel , Osorio Marisa , Hooper Erin , Slimp Jefferson , Bo Xiao , Kinney Gregory A.
Published: November 2019

Aims: Spasticity remains a major impediment in the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP). The single-level selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a minimally invasive intervention that reduces spasticity in select patients. We provide a descriptive set of normative data that practitioners can utilize to help guide the single-level SDR procedure, including (1) physiological threshold values used to dissociate ventral from dorsal roots; (2) response characteristics of muscles; (3) descriptions of abnormal physiological responses; and (4) percentage of rootlets transected during surgery. Methods: We examined data from 38 patients with CP who underwent SDR. Dorsal and ventral roots were classified based on the amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) responses, number of muscles activated, and abnormal response characteristics. Results: Ventral roots activated more muscles at significantly lower stimulus thresholds and demonstrated larger EMG responses than did dorsal roots. Of the transections made, 64.72 ± 1.69% of each rootlet was transected. Ventral and dorsal roots can be readily separated based on a few key physiological characteristics including response thresholds and the spread of muscle activation. It was observed that a threshold of approximately 0.4 mA could be used to dissociate ventral and dorsal roots during surgery. Conclusions: These data illustrate the range of physiological variance observed while performing SDR in patients with spastic CP. Notably, we encountered outlier patients whose roots demonstrated aberrant response characteristics and displayed uncharacteristically low dorsal root thresholds or abnormally high ventral root thresholds. Practitioners should be prepared to individualize their threshold criteria and customize treatment on a patient-by-patient basis.
Surgical Treatment of Hepatocholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gentile Damiano , Donadon Matteo , Lleo Ana , Aghemo Alessio , Roncalli Massimo , di Tommaso Luca , Torzilli Guido
Published: November 2019

Background: Hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is a rare liver malignancy that contains features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (MFCCC). Three classification systems for HCC-CC are described in literature and the majority of these tumors appear to be of the transitional type. The aim of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of transitional HCC-CC and to compare long-term oncological outcomes with HCC and MFCCC in surgically treated patients. Summary: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies analyzing demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with transitional HCC-CC and evaluating treatments and outcomes associated with this neoplasm. Only comparative, retrospective analyses were included. A total of 14 studies, involving 13,613 patients with primary liver malignancy, were analyzed. All patients underwent surgery, either liver resection or transplantation. Four hundred and thirty-seven patients were affected by transitional HCC-CC (3.2%). For further analysis, patients with transitional HCC-CC were divided into 2 groups, the resection group and the transplantation group. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of these patients were analyzed and compared to long-term oncological outcomes of patients with HCC and/or MFCCC, who underwent the same treatment. In the resection group, DFS rate at 5-year was 15, 31.6, and 20.3% for patients with transitional HCC-CC, HCC, and MFCCC, respectively; OS rate at 5-year was 32.7, 47.5, and 30.3% for patients with transitional HCC-CC, HCC, and MFCCC, respectively. In the transplantation group, DFS rate at 5-year was 40.9 and 87.4% for patients with transitional HCC-CC and HCC, respectively; OS rate at 5-year was 49.4 and 80.3% for patients with transitional HCC-CC and HCC, respectively. Key Messages: Transitional HCC-CC patients have significantly worse DFS and OS rates compared to HCC patients in both the resection group and the transplantation group. However, in the resection group, both DFS and OS rates of transitional HCC-CC patients are not statistically different from those of MFCCC patients.
Secular Trends of Stroke Epidemiology in Örebro, Sweden, 2017 Compared to the Trends in 1999: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Appelros Peter
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose: A stroke incidence study in ­Örebro, situated in Southern Sweden, that was carried out in 1999 showed high incidence rates. Since then, in many Western countries, declining incidence rates have been observed. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether there have been any changes in stroke incidence in the city of ­Örebro between 1999 and 2017. Secondary purposes are to show trends in stroke severity, length of stay and case fatality (CF). Methods: The criterion of an “ideal” stroke incidence study was used in both the 1999 and the present investigation. These criteria include uniform diagnostics, case ascertainment including strokes managed outside the hospital, and the use of several overlapping sources, prospective design, well-defined denominator, and a large population. Results: The overall stroke incidence rate of first ever stroke (adjusted to the 2013 European population) dropped from 346/100,000 (95% CI 314–380) to 168/100,000 (95% CI 148–190). Stroke severity declined from a median of 6 to 4 points on the National Institute of Health Stroke scale. CF within 28 days also declined from 19 to 16% (n.s.). Median length-of-stay in hospital was 16 days in 1999, and 10 days in 2017. Twenty-one per cent of all kinds of stroke were recurrent (not included in the above results). Conclusions: During the years between 1999 and 2017, there have been reductions in stroke incidence, severity and mortality. The explanation is most likely to be found in the prevalence of risk factors and how they are treated. The use of antihypertensives and statins has increased, corresponding to lower levels of blood pressure and cholesterol in the population. The use of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation has increased. Cigarette smoking has decreased. These are encouraging results that show that preventive medication and public health measures work in practice.
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma with Prominent Myelofibrosis Mimicking Triple-Negative Primary Myelofibrosis
Authors: Tsutsui Miyuki , Yasuda Hajime , Ota Yasunori , Komatsu Norio
Published: November 2019

Myelofibrosis (MF) can occur due to a wide variety of causes including malignant lymphoma. We report a case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma complicated by MF mimicking primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The JAK2, CALR and MPL mutations are detected in more than 90% of PMF cases, and when detected, the diagnosis of PMF is usually straight forward. Mutational analysis should be done in all cases of MF, and in triple-negative cases, an exhaustive investigation of other causes of MF should be carried out before a diagnosis of triple-negative PMF is rendered.
Uma luz sobre as relações Brasil-Moçambique no Oitocentos
Authors: Guizelin Gilberto Da Silva
Published: November 2019

Após a assinatura da Convenção de 1826 com a Grã-Bretanha, pela qual o governo de D. Pedro I concordou, em troca do reconhecimento britânico, coibir o tráfico transatlântico de africanos para o Império a partir de 1830, foram criadas representações consulares brasileiras na África Portuguesa com a explícita finalidade de proteger a atuação de negreiros brasileiros nos últimos anos de legalidade do comércio de escravos sob a bandeira imperial. Neste sentido, o presente artigo investiga a atuação de João Luiz Airoza, cônsul do Brasil em Moçambique, entre 1827 e 1828, na defesa do circuito negro entre o Brasil e a África Oriental. Para tanto, o texto aqui apresentado priorizou como fonte de estudo a documentação consular produzida por Airoza e dirigida à antiga Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros.
Heterotopia e vilegiatura em Lourenço Marques (1890-1930)
Authors: Correa Sílvio Marcus de Souza
Published: November 2019

A invenção do tempo livre em Lourenço Marques favoreceu práticas desportivas e de lazer. Entre outras, destacou-se a vilegiatura marítima. A praia de Polana foi um dos principais destinos da vilegiatura em Lourenço Marques. Fotografias, bilhetes postais e filmes registraram o momento de “tomar fresco”. Nos Álbuns Fotográficos e Descritivos da Colônia de Moçambique (1929), de José dos Santos Rufino, tem-se o registro da vilegiatura e de outras práticas de lazer como propaganda colonial. Por meio da análise de imagens da vilegiatura, busca-se mostrar como certos espaços coloniais destinados ao lazer podem ser vistos como heterotopias de compensação.
Revolução no Brasil, séculos XVIII a XXI
Authors: Pimenta João Paulo Garrido , Fanni Rafael
Published: November 2019

Este artigo empreende uma análise do conceito de revolução na história do Brasil, desde o século XVIII até o atual momento político do país. Entende-se que a história de um conceito jamais é bem apreendida em curtos recortes temporais, e por isso este artigo assume a forma de uma síntese interpretativa de longa duração. Tendo por base esclarecimentos teóricos iniciais, sua estratégia consiste em pontuar e articular alguns contextos históricos específicos – e não exaustivos – nos quais “revolução” expressou realidades sociais relevantes, sendo capaz de interagir com essas mesmas realidades. A tese central aqui defendida é que, a partir de certas variáveis estruturantes, o conceito de revolução desempenhou e continua a desempenhar um papel relevante na trajetória política do Brasil.
Experiências do tempo futuro através da ficção científica
Authors: Giarola Flávio Raimundo
Published: November 2019

A partir das reflexões sobre o conceito de presentismo, de François Hartog, este artigo busca identificar os sinais do surgimento de um “regime moderno de historicidade” em obras de ficção científica produzidas entre o início da Guerra Fria e 2017. Defendemos que, gradativamente, filmes e livros do gênero foram apresentando futuros cada vez mais diversos e distópicos, reflexo do presente multidirecional e da crise do tempo defendidos pelo historiador francês. Nosso trabalho divide-se em três períodos: Guerra Fria, anos 1980-1990 e século XXI. Em cada um deles, procuramos perceber, ao mesmo tempo, as visões predominantes sobre o porvir, os contextos do presente que justificam essas visões e a diversidade delas. No total, foram analisadas 109 obras sobre o futuro, classificadas por períodos de produção e por representação de futuro preponderante expressa no trabalho.
Leonardo da Vinci
Authors: Peiruque Kickhofel Eduardo Henrique
Published: November 2019

Resenha dos livros: BOSI, Alfredo. Arte e conhecimento em Leonardo da Vinci. São Paulo: Edusp, 2018; e ISAACSON, Walter. Leonardo da Vinci. Rio de Janeiro: Intrínseca, 2017.
Relações de trabalho: qual a perspectiva legal da residência médica?
Authors: Sá Eduardo Costa , Gonsalez Natalia , Estevez Junior Reynaldo , Torres Rafael Augusto Tamasauskas , Gimenes Maria José Fernandes
Published: November 2019

A Residência Médica consiste em atividade relacionada à educação médica. Caracteriza-se por um processo de pós-graduação, com supervisão de um preceptor qualificado e, apesar disso, dispõe de um regimento legal com direitos e deveres semelhantes aos do trabalhador regido pela Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT). Com o objetivo de realizar uma análise comparativa entre a legislação que rege os trabalhadores (CLT) e aquela que rege os médicos residentes e uma breve reflexão das condições e aspectos legais da residência, efetuou-se uma busca no site do Ministério da Educação sobre legislação relacionada a Residência Médica, leitura da legislação do Código Civil relacionada a Acidente de Trabalho, leitura da CLT, do Regime Geral da Previdência Social (Lei 8213/78) e busca de artigos referentes ao tema. Foram encontradas sete diferenças e quatro semelhanças entre as legislações. Diferenças: carga horária semanal da residência de 60 horas, enquanto a dos trabalhadores formais é de 48 horas; existência da cobertura para acidente ou doença do trabalho e do benefício do Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Serviço (FGTS) para os empregados, os trabalhadores avulsos e os segurados especiais; direito ao 13º salário aos empregados; a Justiça do Trabalho, especializada em resoluções de problemas trabalhistas, é garantida aos trabalhadores formais e não é permitida aos médicos residentes; férias podem ser fracionadas aos celetistas e não aos médicos residentes. Semelhanças: ambos são filiados ao Regime Geral da Previdência Social (RGPS), são remunerados, há licença de 4 meses para a maternidade e férias anuais de 30 dias. Verificou-se que, na Residência Médica, apesar da presença de aspectos considerados legalmente como laborais, muitos direitos ainda inexistem, prejudicando a estrutura do programa no que diz respeito aos direitos dos residentes e ao comprometimento com o ensino. São poucos os estudos para o tema, porém aqueles já realizados concluem que deve haver uma alteração nas normas legais regulamentadoras da Residência Médica e uma melhor assistência à aprendizagem dos médicos residentes, havendo assim um equilíbrio entre o trabalho e o estudo.
Programas de Retorno ao Trabalho após afastamentos por transtornos mentais
Authors: Pettoruti Luis Ignacio , Faiman Carla Júlia Segre
Published: November 2019

O retorno ao trabalho é um tema central na prática da medicina do trabalho. Com as modificações do ambiente de trabalho no mundo contemporâneo, a incidência de transtornos mentais ganha uma dimensão antes não prevista. Procuramos relatos de experiências de retorno ao trabalho de trabalhadores afastados por transtornos mentais, assim como as etapas e os agentes envolvidos no processo. Realizamos uma revisão de publicações de 2000 a 2018 de artigos científicos, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: retorno ao trabalho; depressão; estresse; transtornos mentais; transtornos de comportamento. Entretanto, encontramos poucos artigos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão e de exclusão determinados. Esta revisão de literatura destacou a importância de que organizações adotem uma política de saúde e trabalho para a retenção do trabalhador e apoiem a abordagem e um processo de manejo do retorno ao trabalho.
Importância do enfermeiro do trabalho na promoção e prevenção de saúde frente às intoxicações por agrotóxicos em trabalhadores rurais
Authors: Vieira Flávia Bosquê Alves , Vieira Robert Paulo Oliveira , Sá Eduardo Costa
Published: November 2019

O agrotóxico possui um comportamento complexo no ambiente em que é utilizado, independentemente do modo de aplicação. A ausência da equipe multiprofissinal inserida no ambiente rural e integrada ao Sistema Único de Saúde evidencia a vulnerabilidade do trabalhador rural por isentá-lo da avaliação do processo de trabalho, de ações de prevenção e promoção de saúde, de acompanhamento clínico e seus desfechos. Nesse contexto, a equipe multiprofissional, inclusive o enfermeiro do trabalho, atua em questões clínicas, gerenciais e de promoção e prevenção da saúde, em busca de melhorias para a saúde dos trabalhadores rurais em contato com os agrotóxicos no decorrer da atividade laboral agrícola, sendo esta uma das mais perigosas ocupações da atualidade. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o papel do enfermeiro do trabalho na promoção da saúde e prevenção das intoxicações por agrotóxicos. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com perspectiva explicativa, realizada por revisão bibliográfica. O pequeno tamanho da amostra desmascara a ineficiência da atuação dos profissionais de saúde ocupacional no ambiente rural e a suscetibilidade dos trabalhadores rurais à exposição de substâncias nocivas à saúde.
Alterações visuais encontradas em uma amostra de caminhoneiros nas rodovias do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Sá Eduardo Costa , Ferro Emílio Zuolo , Alpert Felipe Fontana , Prado Diego Toniolo , Muñoz Daniel Romero
Published: November 2019

A realização de exame de aptidão física e mental dos motoristas visa à identificação de doenças de risco para a segurança do trânsito, incluindo os transtornos visuais. A avaliação oftalmológica deve ser realizada de forma completa em todos os motoristas, e deve compreender a análise da acuidade visual, do campo visual, da visão cromática e o teste de ofuscamento, de acordo com a resolução 267/08 do CONTRAN. OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de alterações visuais em uma amostra de caminhoneiros abordados nas Rodovias Regis Bittencourt (BR-116) e Fernão Dias (BR-381). MÉTODO: foi realizado estudo transversal com caminhoneiros por meio de avaliação oftalmológica com a utilização do Rizomed®. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 89 caminhoneiros. Quanto à acuidade visual, 19,1% dos examinados apresentaram visão inferior a 0,66 em ambos os olhos e 24,7% mostraram acuidade visual menor que 0,66 em um dos olhos e menor que 0,50 no outro olho e visão binocular menor que 0,80. No que se refere à visão estereoscópica, 1,1% evidenciaram percepção alterada de profundidade. Quanto à campimetria horizontal, 44,9% apresentaram alteração de campo visual. Quanto ao ofuscamento, 12,4% tiveram uma reação considerada alterada. Quanto à visão cromática 100% dos examinados conseguiram distinguir as cores verde, amarelo e vermelha. CONCLUSÕES: foram encontradas importantes alterações visuais em uma amostra de caminhoneiros abordados nas rodovias do Estado de São Paulo. Este achado leva à ideia de se propor um menor intervalo de tempo para a renovação da CNH dos motoristas das categorias C, D e E, incluindo uma consulta periódica ao médico oftalmologista
Playing Well on the Data FAIRground: Initiatives and Infrastructure in Research Data Management
Authors: Descoteaux Danielle , Farinelli Chiara , Soares e Silva Marina , de Waard Anita
Published: November 2019

Over the past five years, Elsevier has focused on implementing FAIR and best practices in data management, from data preservation through reuse. In this paper we describe a series of efforts undertaken in this time to support proper data management practices. In particular, we discuss our journal data policies and their implementation, the current status and future goals for the research data management platform Mendeley Data, and clear and persistent linkages to individual data sets stored on external data repositories from corresponding published papers through partnership with Scholix. Early analysis of our data policies implementation confirms significant disparities at the subject level regarding data sharing practices, with most uptake within disciplines of Physical Sciences. Future directions at Elsevier include implementing better discoverability of linked data within an article and incorporating research data usage metrics.
The “A” of FAIR – As Open as Possible, as Closed as Necessary
Authors: Landi Annalisa , Thompson Mark , Giannuzzi Viviana , Bonifazi Fedele , Labastida Ignasi , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Roos Marco
Published: November 2019

In order to provide responsible access to health data by reconciling benefits of data sharing with privacy rights and ethical and regulatory requirements, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) metadata should be developed. According to the H2020 Program Guidelines on FAIR Data, data should be “as open as possible and as closed as necessary”, “open” in order to foster the reusability and to accelerate research, but at the same time they should be “closed” to safeguard the privacy of the subjects. Additional provisions on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data have been endorsed by the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Reg (EU) 2016/679, that came into force in May 2018. This work aims to solve accessibility problems related to the protection of personal data in the digital era and to achieve a responsible access to and responsible use of health data. We strongly suggest associating each data set with FAIR metadata describing both the type of data collected and the accessibility conditions by considering data protection obligations and ethical and regulatory requirements. Finally, an existing FAIR infrastructure component has been used as an example to explain how FAIR metadata could facilitate data sharing while ensuring protection of individuals.
A Generic Workflow for the Data FAIRification Process
Authors: Jacobsen Annika , Kaliyaperumal Rajaram , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Mons Barend , Schultes Erik , Roos Marco , Thompson Mark
Published: November 2019

The FAIR guiding principles aim to enhance the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources such as data, for both humans and machines. The process of making data FAIR (“FAIRification”) can be described in multiple steps. In this paper, we describe a generic step-by-step FAIRification workflow to be performed in a multidisciplinary team guided by FAIR data stewards. The FAIRification workflow should be applicable to any type of data and has been developed and used for “Bring Your Own Data” (BYOD) workshops, as well as for the FAIRification of e.g., rare diseases resources. The steps are: 1) identify the FAIRification objective, 2) analyze data, 3) analyze metadata, 4) define semantic model for data (4a) and metadata (4b), 5) make data (5a) and metadata (5b) linkable, 6) host FAIR data, and 7) assess FAIR data. For each step we describe how the data are processed, what expertise is required, which procedures and tools can be used, and which FAIR principles they relate to.
FAIR Data Reuse – the Path through Data Citation
Authors: Groth Paul , Cousijn Helena , Clark Tim , Goble Carole
Published: November 2019

One of the key goals of the FAIR guiding principles is defined by its final principle – to optimize data sets for reuse by both humans and machines. To do so, data providers need to implement and support consistent machine readable metadata to describe their data sets. This can seem like a daunting task for data providers, whether it is determining what level of detail should be provided in the provenance metadata or figuring out what common shared vocabularies should be used. Additionally, for existing data sets it is often unclear what steps should be taken to enable maximal, appropriate reuse. Data citation already plays an important role in making data findable and accessible, providing persistent and unique identifiers plus metadata on over 16 million data sets. In this paper, we discuss how data citation and its underlying infrastructures, in particular associated metadata, provide an important pathway for enabling FAIR data reuse.
Growing the FAIR Community at the Intersection of the Geosciences and Pure and Applied Chemistry
Authors: Stall Shelley , McEwen Leah , Wyborn Lesley , Hoebelheinrich Nancy , Bruno Ian
Published: November 2019

The geoscience and chemistry communities have numerous common practices and dependency on data standards. Recent efforts from the International Union on Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) are to explore and collaborate on approaches and sharing lessons learned on efforts to implement the FAIR Guiding Principles as they apply to data in their respective communities. This paper summarizes their efforts-to-date highlighting the importance of existing communities, Scientific Unions, standards bodies and societies in taking deliberate steps to move and encourage researcher adoption of the FAIR tenets.
How to (Easily) Extend the FAIRness of Existing Repositories
Authors: Hahnel Mark , Valen Dan
Published: November 2019

Data repository infrastructures for academics have appeared in waves since the dawn of Web technology. These waves are driven by changes in societal needs, archiving needs and the development of cloud computing resources. As such, the data repository landscape has many flavors when it comes to sustainability models, target audiences and feature sets. One thing that links all data repositories is a desire to make the content they host reusable, building on the core principles of cataloging content for economical and research speed efficiency. The FAIR principles are a common goal for all repository infrastructures to aim for. No matter what discipline or infrastructure, the goal of reusable content, for both humans and machines, is a common one. This is the first time that repositories can work toward a common goal that ultimately lends itself to interoperability. The idea that research can move further and faster as we un-silo these fantastic resources is an achievable one. This paper investigates the steps that existing repositories need to take in order to remain useful and relevant in a FAIR research world.
Licensing FAIR Data for Reuse
Authors: Labastida Ignasi , Margoni Thomas
Published: November 2019

The last letter of the FAIR acronym stands for Reusability. Data and metadata should be made available with a clear and accessible usage license. But, what are the choices? How can researchers share data and allow reusability? Are all the licenses available for sharing content suitable for data? Data can be covered by different layers of copyright protection making the relationship between data and copyright particularly complex. Some research data can be considered as a work and therefore covered by full copyright while other data can be in the public domain due to their lack of originality. Moreover, a collection of data can be protected by special rights in Europe to acknowledge the investment in time and money in obtaining, presenting, arranging or verifying the data. The need of using a license when sharing data comes from the fact that, under current copyright laws, when rights exist, the absence of any legal notice must be understood as the default “all rights reserved” regime. Unless an exception applies, the authorisation of right holders is necessary for reuse. Right holders could use any text to state the reusability of data but it is advisable to use some of the existing licenses, and especially the ones that are suitable for data and databases. We hope that with this paper we can bring some clarity in relation to the rights involved when sharing research data.
GO FAIR Brazil: A Challenge for Brazilian Data Science
Authors: Sales Luana , Henning Patrícia , Veiga Viviane , Costa Maira Murrieta , Sayão Luís Fernando , da Silva Santos Luiz Olavo Bonino , Pires Luís Ferreira
Published: November 2019

The FAIR principles, an acronym for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable, are recognised worldwide as key elements for good practice in all data management processes. To understand how the Brazilian scientific community is adhering to these principles, this article reports Brazilian adherence to the GO FAIR initiative through the creation of the GO FAIR Brazil Office and the manner in which they create their implementation networks. To contextualise this understanding, we provide a brief presentation of open data policies in Brazilian research and government, and finally, we describe a model that has been adopted for the GO FAIR Brazil implementation networks. The Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology is responsible for the GO FAIR Brazil Office, which operates in all fields of knowledge and supports thematic implementation networks. Today, GO FAIR Brazil-Health is the first active implementation network in operation, which works in all health domains, serving as a model for other fields like agriculture, nuclear energy, and digital humanities, which are in the process of adherence negotiation. This report demonstrates the strong interest and effort from the Brazilian scientific communities in implementing the FAIR principles in their research data management practices.
FAIR Practices in Africa
Authors: van Reisen Mirjam , Stokmans Mia , Mawere Munyaradzi , Basajja Mariam , Ong'ayo Antony Otieno , Nakazibwe Primrose , Kirkpatrick Christine , Chindoza Kudakwashe
Published: November 2019

This article investigates expansion of the Internet of FAIR Data and Services (IFDS) to Africa, through the three GO FAIR pillars: GO CHANGE, GO BUILD and GO TRAIN. Introduction of the IFDS in Africa has a focus on digital health. Two examples of introducing FAIR are compared: a regional initiative for digital health by governments in the East Africa Community (EAC) and an initiative by a local health provider (Solidarmed) in collaboration with Great Zimbabwe University in Zimbabwe. The obstacles to introducing FAIR are identified as underrepresentation of data from Africa in IFDS at this moment, the lack of explicit recognition of situational context of research in FAIR at present and the lack of acceptability of FAIR as a foreign and European invention which affects acceptance. It is envisaged that FAIR has an important contribution to solve fragmentation in digital health in Africa, and that any obstacles concerning African participation, context relevance and acceptance of IFDS need to be removed. This will require involvement of African researchers and ICT-developers so that it is driven by local ownership. Assessment of ecological validity in FAIR principles would ensure that the context specificity of research is reflected in the FAIR principles. This will help enhance the acceptance of the FAIR Guidelines in Africa and will help strengthen digital health research and services.
FAIR Practices in Europe
Authors: Wittenburg Peter , Lautenschlager Michael , Thiemann Hannes , Baldauf Carsten , Trilsbeek Paul
Published: November 2019

Institutions driving fundamental research at the cutting edge such as for example from the Max Planck Society (MPS) took steps to optimize data management and stewardship to be able to address new scientific questions. In this paper we selected three institutes from the MPS from the areas of humanities, environmental sciences and natural sciences as examples to indicate the efforts to integrate large amounts of data from collaborators worldwide to create a data space that is ready to be exploited to get new insights based on data intensive science methods. For this integration the typical challenges of fragmentation, bad quality and also social differences had to be overcome. In all three cases, well-managed repositories that are driven by the scientific needs and harmonization principles that have been agreed upon in the community were the core pillars. It is not surprising that these principles are very much aligned with what have now become the FAIR principles. The FAIR principles confirm the correctness of earlier decisions and their clear formulation identified the gaps which the projects need to address.
Towards the Tipping Point for FAIR Implementation
Authors: van Reisen Mirjam , Stokmans Mia , Basajja Mariam , Ong'ayo Antony Otieno , Kirkpatrick Christine , Mons Barend
Published: November 2019

This article explores the global implementation of the FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific management and data stewardship, which provide that data should be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. The implementation of these principles is designed to lead to the stewardship of data as FAIR digital objects and the establishment of the Internet of FAIR Data and Services (IFDS). If implementation reaches a tipping point, IFDS has the potential to revolutionize how data is managed by making machine and human readable data discoverable for reuse. Accordingly, this article examines the expansion of the implementation of FAIR Guiding Principles, especially how and in which geographies (locations) and areas (topic domains) implementation is taking place. A literature review of academic articles published between 2016 and 2019 on the use of FAIR Guiding Principles is presented. The investigation also includes an analysis of the domains in the IFDS Implementation Networks (INs). Its uptake has been mainly in the Western hemisphere. The investigation found that implementation of FAIR Guiding Principles has taken firm hold in the domain of bio and natural sciences. To achieve a tipping point for FAIR implementation, it is now time to ensure the inclusion of non-European ascendants and of other scientific domains. Apart from equal opportunity and genuine global partnership issues, a permanent European bias poses challenges with regard to the representativeness and validity of data and could limit the potential of IFDS to reach across continental boundaries. The article concludes that, despite efforts to be inclusive, acceptance of the FAIR Guiding Principles and IFDS in different scientific communities is limited and there is a need to act now to prevent dampening of the momentum in the development and implementation of the IFDS. It is further concluded that policy entrepreneurs and the GO FAIR INs may contribute to making the FAIR Guiding Principles more flexible in including different research epistemologies, especially through its GO CHANGE pillar.
Impact of Nudging Parameters on Dynamical Downscaling over CORDEX East Asia Phase II Domain: The Case of Summer 2003
Authors: Yang Linyun , Wang Shuyu , Tang Jianping , Niu Xiaorui , Fu Congbin
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to the nudging parameters in simulating July–August (JJA) precipitation was assessed with 16 experiments over the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment East Asia II (CORDEX-EA-II) domain. The effects of various nudging parameters in spectral nudging (referred to as SN) and grid nudging (referred to as AN) experiments are examined, including wavenumbers, relaxation time, nudging levels, and nudging variables for SN and relaxation time and nudging variables for AN. Results showed that the applications of spectral nudging and grid nudging methods in WRF simulations can improve the model’s ability to reproduce the JJA extreme precipitation event and accompanying large-scale fields in 2003. The major findings include 1) spectral nudging is superior to grid nudging in simulating heavy rainfall and low-level circulation, 2) nudging both kinematic and thermodynamic variables is efficient to better simulate the JJA precipitation for both SN and AN simulations, 3) in SN simulations, the options of wavenumbers display stronger impact on JJA precipitation if nudging solely the kinematic variables instead of both kinematic and thermodynamic variables over wet subregions, and 4) the free developed large-scale processes associated with small nudging wavenumbers can diminish the improvement from nudging both kinematic and thermodynamic variables in simulating subseasonal variations of precipitation. Overall, the experiment that adopts spectral nudging of both kinematic and thermodynamic variables, 1-h relaxation time, and four or eight nudging wavenumbers captures the characteristics of summer climate more reasonably.
Physicians’ Burnout (and That of Psychologists, Nurses, Magistrates, Researchers, and Professors) For a Control Program
Authors: Unger Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2019

Just as with burnout in other social sectors, burnout among physicians is acquiring epidemic proportions. After describing the pathology, this article covers the multidisciplinary aspects of its clinical management. As for prevention, the article describes the importance of the socially motivated, professionally oriented management of health care services, courts, universities, and schools for preventing burnout and contrasts such features with the characteristics of their industrial and commercial management.
Orofacial Muscles: Embryonic Development and Regeneration after Injury
Authors: Rosero Salazar D.H. , Carvajal Monroy P.L. , Wagener F.A.D.T.G. , Von den Hoff J.W.
Published: November 2019

Orofacial congenital defects such as cleft lip and/or palate are associated with impaired muscle regeneration and fibrosis after surgery. Also, other orofacial reconstructions or trauma may end up in defective muscle regeneration and fibrosis. The aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge on the development and regeneration of orofacial muscles in comparison to trunk and limb muscles. The orofacial muscles include the tongue muscles and the branchiomeric muscles in the lower face. Their main functions are chewing, swallowing, and speech. All orofacial muscles originate from the mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches under the control of cranial neural crest cells. Research in vertebrate models indicates that the molecular regulation of orofacial muscle development is different from that of trunk and limb muscles. In addition, the regenerative ability of orofacial muscles is lower, and they develop more fibrosis than other skeletal muscles. Therefore, specific approaches need to be developed to stimulate orofacial muscle regeneration. Regeneration may be stimulated by growth factors such fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factor, while fibrosis may be reduced by targeting the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/myofibroblast axis. New approaches that combine these 2 aspects will improve the surgical treatment of orofacial muscle defects.
Academic Achievements of College Graduates With Learning Disabilities Vis-a-Vis Admission Criteria and Academic Support
Authors: Sarid Miriam , Meltzer Yael , Raveh Michal
Published: November 2019

Postsecondary entrance examination scores are generally low predictors of college achievement (grade point average [GPA]) for students with learning disabilities (LD). The difficulties with meeting academic requirements have raised the awareness of the needs of students with LD for support services. The present study examined the adequacy of entrance criteria to academic studies for students with LD and the effectiveness of three support levels during their academic studies in increasing their academic gains. Data were collected for 315 college graduates with LD and 955 graduates who do not have LD (NLD) who completed their BA studies in a college in Israel. Although the admission scores of graduates with LD were lower than those of NLD graduates, their GPA was higher than the GPA of NLD graduates. The psychometric score had a low correlation with final college GPA of graduates with LD. There was no difference in the final GPA of the graduates with LD in the different support programs. The findings suggest that academic support can be an effective way to help students with LD to eliminate or close the gap between them and NLD students and to earn an academic degree, regardless of what if any admission criteria were applied to them.
Police integration and support for anti-government violence in divided societies: Evidence from Iraq
Authors: Nanes Matthew
Published: November 2019

How does the demographic makeup of the police affect violent conflict in divided societies? I argue that following a shift in relative group power, integrating the police rank-and-file addresses incentives to rebel by solving a commitment problem between the powerful state and a weaker group. I test this argument using a survey experiment of 800 Baghdad residents. Providing Sunni (minority) respondents with an informational prime that the police are integrated reduces support for anti-government violence. Consistent with the commitment mechanism, Sunnis, but not Shias, who receive the prime are less fearful of future repression by the government. The key mechanism is the way in which officers are distributed. It is more difficult for the state to renege on inclusion when minority officers serve in mixed units rather than being isolated in minority-only units. Patrol-level heterogeneity makes it difficult for the government to withhold equipment or information from officers on the basis of group identity, and makes the state reliant on officers from all groups to serve all parts of the country. Among survey respondents in Baghdad, I find that those who perceive the police as mixed between Sunnis and Shias, but not those who perceive officers to be primarily members of their own sect, are less expectant that the government will try to harm them. This article contributes to research on institutions in divided societies by identifying a form of inclusion which is self-enforcing, improving long-term prospects for peace by resolving underlying insecurities in the shadow of historical conflict.
Strategic Differentiation of High-Tech Services in Local Hospital Markets
Authors: Trinh Hanh Q. , Begun James W.
Published: November 2019

This study assesses organizational and market factors related to high-tech service differentiation in local hospital markets. The sample includes 1704 nonfederal, general acute hospitals in urban counties in the United States. We relate organizational and market factors in 2011 to service differentiation in 2013, using ordinary least squares regression. Data are compiled from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, Area Resource File, and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Results show that hospitals differentiate more services relative to market rivals if they are larger than the rival and if the hospitals are further apart geographically. Hospitals differentiate more services if they are large, teaching, and nonprofit or public and if they face more market competition. Hospitals differentiate fewer services from rivals if they belong to multihospital systems. The findings underscore the pressures that urban hospitals face to offer high-tech services despite the potential of high-tech services to drive hospital costs upward.
Academic freedom, the boycott of Israel, and what psychologists can do: against the politics of normalization
Authors: Kagee Ashraf
Published: November 2019

This article uses the Recognition, Reparation and Reconciliation Conference held at Stellenbosch University in December 2018 as a lens to argue for an academic boycott of Israel while maintaining the principle of academic freedom, specifically as it pertains to the discipline of psychology. I argue that Israel is an apartheid state, that there is a need to isolate Israel politically, economically, culturally, and academically, and that the objection to the academic boycott of Israel is a selective application of the concept of academic freedom and is therefore a spurious argument. Rather than infringing on academic freedom, the boycott may increase the likelihood of academic freedom in Israel–Palestine. I provide possible suggestions about how the international community, including psychologists, might engage with the Israeli academy in the interests of furthering a human rights agenda.
Accidental tourists? A cognitive exploration of serendipitous internationalisation
Authors: Kiss Andreea N , Danis Wade M , Nair Sudhir , Suddaby Roy
Published: November 2019

A substantial body of work views initial foreign market entries (FMEs) as intentional and deliberately planned by proactive decision-makers. However, research suggests that FMEs may also occur serendipitously. We take an international opportunity recognition (IOR) perspective and focus on the cognitive underpinnings of serendipitous internationalisation processes associated with six ventures. We highlight differences in the causal logics of decision-makers and cognitive attributes that, in the process of updating causal logics, create oscillations between serendipitous and subsequent planned FMEs. We also explain when and why an effectuation logic is more likely to be employed. We extend research on IOR by elaborating a dynamic interaction between planned and unplanned cognition that provides new insights into how cognitive processes facilitate opportunity recognition.
Enacting Culture in a Romanian Village
Authors: Urdea Alexandra
Published: November 2019

“Local culture” has been the focus of anthropological endeavour since the discipline’s beginnings, and the concept has a long history of re-defining and re-framing on all levels (spatial, political, and so on). One particularly useful definition of “culture” put forward by Bourdieu is that which is “taken for granted”—what people do without necessarily being aware of it. Culture is, therefore, similar to ideology, and not unlike Foucault’s notion of discourse, in that its workings are not explicit and visible to those who form part of that culture. Yet, is it really possible to distinguish the notion of “local culture” as practice from discourses around that particular “culture”? Houses of culture—institutions built in eastern Europe and the USSR during the socialist period used to host, represent, and change “local culture”—can raise questions around the practice and performance of culture more generally.
Evaluating the Sustained Attention Response Task to Quantify Cognitive Fluctuations in Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Phillips Joseph R. , Matar Elie , Martens Kaylena A. Ehgoetz , Halliday Glenda M. , Moustafa Ahmed A. , Lewis Simon J. G.
Published: November 2019

Cognitive fluctuations (CFs) are a core diagnostic feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Detection of CF is still mostly based on subjective reports from the patient or informant; more quantitative measures are likely to improve the accuracy for the diagnosis of DLB. The purpose of the current study is to test whether performance on the Sustained Attention Response Task (SART) could distinguish those patients with DLB with and without CF. Twenty-four patients with DLB were tested on the SART and performance was related to scores on the Clinical Assessment of Fluctuations (CAFs) and One Day Fluctuation Assessment Scale (ODFAS). The number of “misses” made was a significant predictor of their fluctuation severity, attentional performance, disorganized thinking, and language production ratings on the ODFAS. However, measures on the SART did not correlate with measures on the CAF scale. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SART is a feasible measure of sustained attention in this population and has clinical and diagnostic relevance to the measurement of CF, particularly those aspects measured by the ODFAS.
The ‘berth’ of a maritime management program: A case study on value creation through industry–university collaboration
Authors: Chadwick Ken , Cashen Luke
Published: November 2019

In the fall of 2013, the College of Business at Nicholls State University, in collaboration with industry, launched a 4-year Bachelor’s program in management specifically designed to train graduates for employment in firms competing in the oil and gas sector of the maritime industry. The development and implementation of this maritime management concentration serves as a model of successful industry–university collaboration. The result is enhanced value for graduates, firms and the region. Such alliances are an increasingly critical component of higher education as traditional sources of funding continue to decline across the country. In addition, relationship building results in courses and content that better prepare students to meet workforce needs. Strategic advice is offered to higher education programs and colleges contemplating collaborative relationships between academia and industry.