bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Flow Instability in High Temperature Deformation of INCONEL Alloy 783 Using Processing Map Approach
Authors: Yeom Jong Taek , Jung Eun Jeoung , Kim Jeoung Han , Hong Jae Keun , Park Nho Kwang , Choi Seung Sik , Lee Chong Soo
Published: March 2009

The high temperature deformation behavior and flow instabilities of Ni-Fe-Co base superalloy, INCONEL alloy 783 during hot working process were investigated with process maps consisting of a power dissipation of dynamic materials model (DMM) and various flow instability criteria. In order to establish the processing map of INCONEL alloy 783, hot compression tests were carried out under different temperature and strain rate conditions, with true strain up to 0.7. On the basis of the comparison between processing maps and microstructural analysis, the reliability of various flow instability criteria was estimated. Finally the useful instability criterion for predicting the forming defects was suggested through the compression test results and experimental observations of actual ring rolling process of INCONEL alloy 783.
Fast Analytical Algorithm for Fatigue Crack Life Estimations of Integrally Stiffened Metallic Panels
Authors: Häusler Sascha Marc , Horst Peter
Published: March 2009

This work presents the enhancement of a pseudo-numerical tool for fatigue crack growth investigations on integrally stiffened metallic panels. The model is based on an analytical approach that demands compatibility of displacement between skin sheet and stiffener. Since the basis model was presented before, the focus of the present work is on the incorporation of residual stress effects in order to improve simulation results of welded panel configurations that are manufactured by laser beam welding or friction stir welding and exhibit a significant amount of residual stresses. The necessary input parameters for the developed residual stress module are determined from experimental residual stress field measurements. Simulation results using the presented approach are compared with results from finite element simulations on a two stringer panel which show the good accordance of the base model as well as the capability of the tool enhancements to account for the crack retarding effect caused by residual stresses.
Study on the Fatigue Behavior of Carbon/Carbon Composites
Authors: Liao Xiao Ling , Xu Wen Feng , Gao Zhi Qiang
Published: March 2009

As the ideal candidates for high temperature structural materials, carbon/carbon (C/C)
composites are no doubt involved in fatigue loading. Therefore, the study on fatigue behavior is
meaningful. In this paper, the research on fatigue behavior of C/C composites was reviewed and the
characteristic of fatigue behavior was summarized. Some viewpoints for further investigations for
the study on the fatigue behavior of C/C composites are also made in this paper.
Generalized Quasi-Variational Principles and Application in Nonlinear Non-Conservative Elasto-Dynamics
Authors: Fan Tao , Song Hai Yan
Published: March 2009

The generalized quasi-variational principles with two kinds of variables of time initial
value problem were established in nonlinear non-conservative elasto-dynamics. Then, the analytic
solution of time initial value problem of a typical non-conservative elasto-dynamics was studied by
applying the obtained quasi-complementary variational principle.
Damage Evaluation Based on Electrical Resistance Measurement
Authors: Yang Li Jun , Sun Bin Xiang , Guo Yi Mu
Published: March 2009

The formulae between electrical resistance change and damage in metals were studied on
the basis of different damage mechanisms. This DC electrical resistance is a more sensitive parameter
to the initiation of microcracks during the irreversible damage accumulation process. Measurement of
low electrical resistance due to accumulative damage is discussed. Agreement between evaluations of
ductile damage via electrical resistance change and elasticity modulus measurement is good.
A Study on the Fatigue Test of Bogie Frame by Stress Measurement
Authors: Yoon Sung Cheol , Jeon Chang Sung , Kim Won Kyung , Kim Jeong Guk , Chang Sang Hoon
Published: March 2009

This paper describes the results of structural analysis and loading test of a bogie frame.
The purpose of the analysis and test is to evaluate the safety and functionality of the bogie frame
under maximum load. The bogie system consist of the bogie frame, suspensions, wheel-sets, a brake
system and a transmission system. Of these components, the bogie frame is the major component
subjected to the vehicle and passenger loads. The evaluation method used the JIS E 4207
specifications throughout the FEM analysis and static load test. The test results have shown the
bogie frame to be safe and stable under design load conditions.
Computational Program for Non-Equilibrium Grain Boundary Segregation Kinetics
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Qing Fen , Liu Er Bao
Published: March 2009

The solute segregation to grain boundaries may be classified into equilibrium and
non-equilibrium segregation. The models and kinetics calculation equations were proved in previous
work. However, the computational task for grain-boundary segregation kinetics process is complex
and cumbersome as it can involve a vast amount of numerical data. It is therefore necessary to
develop an easily usable computational program which can provide the researchers with a powerful
tool in grain-boundary segregation kinetics process analysis in addition to having a sound theory. A
computational program of non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation (NGS) kinetics of solute is
therefore developed in this paper. It includes programs for critical time calculation, effective time
calculation and diffusion coefficients calculation, the program of Auger Electron Spectroscopy test
data disposal, the program of curve fitting and the program of NGS kinetics simulation. A simulation
example by using the computation program of NGS kinetic equations is in good accordance with the
experimental observation of phosphorus in steel 12Cr1MoV. The computational program of NGS is
therefore proved to be appropriate and helpful.
Analysis of Heat Generation during Fracture in Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Kim Jeong Guk
Published: March 2009

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have evolved as potential candidate materials for high-temperature structural applications due to lightweight, high-temperature strength and excellent corrosion and wear resistance. In this investigation, damage evolution and heat generation of CMCs during monotonic loadings were investigated using different types of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, such as acoustic emission (AE) and infrared (IR) thermography and microstructural characterization. IR camera was used for in-situ monitoring of temperature evolution, and the temperature changes during testing were measured. A significant temperature increase has been observed at the time of failure. Microstructural characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to investigate fracture behavior of CMC samples. In this investigation, the NDE technique and SEM characterization were employed to analyze damage evolution and progress of ceramic matrix composites during monotonic loading.
The Influence of the Amount of Silica Fume on the Mechanical Property of Ultra-High Performance Concrete
Authors: Park Jung Jun , Ryu Gum Sung , Kang Su Tae , Kim Sung Wook
Published: March 2009

Silica fume constitutes an element of extreme importance in improving the strength and
fluidity of UHPC. The adopted amount of silica fume generally is generally exceeding 25% of cement
in weight but the influence of this amount on the properties of UHPC is still remaining as a domain to
be investigated. Accordingly, this paper investigates the effects of the amount of silica fume on the
mechanical characteristics of the fluidity, compressive strength, elastic modulus and flexural strength
and on the micro structure of UHPC by means of SEM and MIP. Results revealed that adequate
amount of silica fume is improving the fluidity and strength. MIP tests demonstrated that such
improvement is brought by the increase of hydrates due to the pozzolan reaction and the effective
densification inside concrete due to the filler. It seemed also that similar mechanical characteristics
can be obtained for a volumetric ratio to cement ranging between 10 and 25%.
Application Technique of PZT Sensors to Detect Structural Damage
Authors: Hong Yong , Hwang Seung Ho , Wang Gao Ping , Hong Dong Pyo
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a primary study for a method of measurement using PZT sensors which
is widely used for SHM. PZT sensor has many advantages when using smart material. It is easy to be
shaped to various forms and can be embedded on the materials more conveniently. The development
for a practical and quantitative technique for assessment of the structural health condition by PZT
sensor associated with wave propagation is investigated. Two aluminum specimens bonded with PZT
sensors tested for estimating characteristics of the wave propagate on specimens change by various
damage condition cf. line crack, bolt loosening. To estimate condition of the specimens numerically,
we suggest impedance and guided wave method in this paper.
Crack Development in Concrete, Part 2: Modelling of Fracture Process
Authors: Schlangen Erik
Published: March 2009

In a companion paper in this conference [1] an experimental study is presented that deals with measuring fracture properties and obtaining 3D images of the particle structure in heterogeneous materials as mortars and concrete. The fracture mechanisms observed in the tests are modelled with a 3D lattice model. The heterogeneity of the model is directly implemented from the 3D images obtained in a CT-scanner. With this method realistic crack patterns can be obtained.
Modeling of Chloride Penetration in Surface Treated Concrete
Authors: Yoon In Seok
Published: March 2009

The surface treatment system is one of the best options to extend the service life of marine
concrete in terms of cost effectiveness versus durability performance. In order to establish rational
maintenance strategies for surface treated concrete structures, however, it is necessary to define how
to quantify and how to optimize the performance of the surface treatment system. The solution could
be obtained from the prediction of chloride in surface treated concrete. In this study, theoretical
solution to predict the behavior of chloride diffusion in surface treated concrete is constructed.
On Sensitivity of Thermal Parameters for Concrete Box Girder in the Sunshine
Authors: Xiao Jian Zhuang , Song Zhi Wen , Zhang Chuan Zeng
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the temperature field and the thermal effects on a concrete box girder in the
sunshine are investigated. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) package ANSYS is
applied. By varying the values of different thermal parameters, the sensitivity of the thermal
parameters is explored. Numerical results are presented and discussed to show the influences of the
thermal parameters and the temperature field on the deflection and the tensile stress of a single-span
concrete bridge with a box cross section.
Fracture Analysis for Stiffened Aircraft Fuselage Using Substructure Method
Authors: Ju Jin San , Jiang Xiu Gen , Fu Xiang Rong
Published: March 2009

This paper primarily describes the development and application of substructure
computational analysis techniques in two-step hirarchical strategy to determine stress intensity
factors for the stiffened damaged panels subjected to fatigue internal pressure. A program based on
substructure analysis technique and global-local hierarchical strategy has been developed for the
fracture analysis of curved aircraft panels containing cracks. This program may create
superelements in global and local models, and obtain fracture parameter of the crack in local model
by expanding results in superelements automatically. The technique is applied to the analysis of a
cracked panel with 7 frames and 10 stringers. SIFs of four cracks in it with different crack lengths
are obtained efficiently.
Study on Recovery of Electrical Degradation of ZnO Varistors
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Takada Masayuki , Yoshikado Shinzo
Published: March 2009

The mechanism of the recovery of the nonlinearity voltage-current (V-I) characteristics after electrical
degradation was investigated from various viewpoints. The recovery processes of ZnO varistors
in various gas atmospheres, and at various pressures, temperatures, and absolute humidity levels
were evaluated. The evaluation involved the analysis of V-I characteristics, capacitance-voltage
(C-V) characteristics, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The height of the Schottky barrier and the
thickness of the depletion layer were almost constant for sintering times between 3 and 5 h. On the
other hand, the rate of recovery exhibited a change with sintering time. The recovery speed of the
nonlinearity was also temperature dependent. It is suggested that the recovery process is caused by
the transport of oxide ions through the grain boundaries between ZnO grains. It was found that the
recovery process is affected by the crystal structure of Bi2O3 particles, which exist at the boundaries
between ZnO grains.
Electrical Degradation Caused by Electro-Static Discharge Pulse in ZnO-Based Multilayer Varistor
Authors: Koga Eiichi , Sawada Noriko
Published: March 2009

The degradation of ZnO-based multilayer ceramic varistors (MLCV) caused by electro-static
discharge (ESD) and its mechanism on Schottky barriers formed at grain boundaries were
examined. ESD is an extremely fast pulse which rise time is less than 1 n sec, and the typical
voltage is around 8kV. Two degradations of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics occurred
depending on ESD-voltage. The minor degradation at the early stage was caused only in the
low-current region by a slight ESD pulse (=0.4kV). In contrast, the major degradation occurred over
the wide current range of 1μ to 1mA by a highly ESD-voltage (= 8kV). The failure of Schottky
barriers by ESD was produced partially in the microstructure. The large degradation was probably
caused by the extension of region of broken barriers. The properties of barriers among boundaries
and the microstructure play a crucial role in the degradation. In addition, using C-V analysis was
found to be extremely valuable for the detection of degradation in MLCV than I-V property.
Fabrication of Triboluminescent Film on Inconel 600 Substrate by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Fu Xiao Yan , Yamada Hiroshi , Xu Chao Nan
Published: March 2009

SrAl2O4:Eu films on an inconel 600 substrate with good adhesion were successfully prepared by the radio frequency sputtering method. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the SrAl2O4:Eu films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The films exhibited an intensively green photoluminescence (PL) and high triboluminescence (Tribo-L) intensity.
Impurity Contamination and Diffusion during Annealing in Implanted ZnO
Authors: Sakaguchi Isao , Adachi Yutaka , Ogaki Takeshi , Matsumoto Kenji , Hishita Shunichi , Haneda Hajime , Ohashi Naoki
Published: March 2009

The effect of ion implantation leading to contamination and diffusion of lithium
impurity in ZnO ceramics substrates was investigated. The diffusion coefficients of Li in the
implanted ZnO annealed at 1000 and 850°C were in good agreement with those in the
non-implanted ZnO. At 700°C, Li diffusion in the implanted ZnO was strongly enhanced. Our
results show that the defects introduced by the implantation enhance the impurity diffusion at
low temperature annealing.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Fabrication with Hydrothermal Synthesized TiO2 and Evaluation the Power Generation Efficiency
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Horikawa Hajime , Asahara Masahiro , Wu Xing Zheng , Ogihara Takashi
Published: March 2009

TiO2 powder was synthesized hydrothermally from titanium alkoxide ethanol solution in
supercritical state and obtained anatase type crystalline powder sized ca. 20 nm. Dye-sensitized
solar cells were fabricated with the powders and evaluated the power generation efficiencies.
Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Doped LiFePO4 Cathode Materials Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Egawa Koji , Mukoyama Izumi , Kodera Takayuki , Myoujin Kenichi , Ogihara Takashi
Published: March 2009

Carbon doped LiFePO4 precursor particles were successfully prepared by spray
pyrolysis. The saccharides such as monosaccharide and disaccharide or organic acid
were used as carbon source. SEM observation showed that as-prepared particles had
spherical morphology with narrow size distribution. XRD analysis revealed that
olivine phase was obtained by heating at 700°C under the atmosphere of
argon/hydrogen (5%). Electrochemical measurement revealed that the discharge
capacity of LiFePO4 was improved by the addition of carbon. The addition of citric
acid was most effective for the stabilization of cycle life.
Mass Production and Battery Properties of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Powders Prepared by Internal Combustion Type Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Kojima Masayuki , Mukoyama Izumi , Myoujin Kenichi , Kodera Takayuki , Ogihara Takashi
Published: March 2009

Internal combustion type spray pyrolysis apparatus was used to prepare cathode materials for lithium
ion batteries. Spherical LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 precursor powders with an average size of about 2 m were
successfully produced by this technique. After calcination at 800°C, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 precursor powders
crystallized to a spinel structure. The spherical morphology changed to an irregular morphology at
temperatures higher than 900°C. The discharge capacity of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode was 130
mAh/g at 1C. After 300 cycles at 1C, 90% of the initial discharge capacity was maintained, and after
100 cycles at 6C, 70% of the discharge capacity at 1C was maintained.
Development of DLC Coated Tool for Cutting of Aluminum Alloy －Influence of Deposition Condition on Cutting Characteristic－
Authors: Minaki Kazushi , Kitajima Koichi , Nakahira Yu , Ohnishi Masami , Sugimoto Takashi , Kaminomura Shun
Published: March 2009

Conventional coating tools have a high affinity for ductile materials, like aluminum alloy,
so cutting chips tend to adhere to cutting edge and work material surface. Therefore, chipping is
caused, and surface texture is degraded. In order to solve these problems, recently, DLC
(Diamond-Like-Carbon) has been applied to coating material. In this research, it is curried out
cutting of Aluminum alloy by the use of DLC coating tool, and examined influence of DLC coating
conditions on cutting characteristics. So far we have been concerned with the effect of type of
hydrocarbon gas (acethylene:C2H2, methane:CH4) on cutting. As a result, it is revealed that
cohesion of chips decreases, and surface roughness of work material improves in the case of
acethylene-DLC. On the other hand, internal stress is produced by deference in hardness between
tool surface and DLC film, and which is considered cause of film peeling [1]. Therefore, we
examined interlayer between DLC film and tool surface in order to relax of internal stress. As a
result, it was cleared that Titanium interlayer excels in adhesion.
Quartz Wafer Machining Using MCF (Magnetic Compound Fluid) Polishing Liquid Frozen with Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Wu Yong Bo , Shimada Kunio
Published: March 2009

This paper deals with the machining of quartz wafers using an MCF (Magnetic Compound
Fluid) polishing liquid, frozen with liquid nitrogen. This type of polishing liquid is composed of
water-based MF (Magnetic Fluid), iron powder, abrasive particle and α-cellulose, and consequently
reacting to magnetic fields. Experiments of polishing quartz wafers using the MCF method were
carried out on a previously developed apparatus. The results show that an MCF polishing liquid,
frozen with liquid nitrogen, has greater material removal capability than one that has not been frozen.
A frozen MCF polishing liquid containing larger abrasive particles yields a higher material removal
rate, however the surface roughness deteriorates. The highest material removal rate and the best
surface roughness were obtained when the percentage of water, in the frozen MCF polishing tool, was
34.7%.
Fundamental Research on Generation of Nanostructure by Means of Local Anodic Oxidation
Authors: Suehisa Yumetaka , Aoki Toshiaki , Shimizu Jun , Zhou Li Bo , Eda Hiroshi
Published: March 2009

A method to easily and economically manufacture more precise patterns compared with
usual MEMS technique has been searched for. Under such circumstances, this research aims to clarify
the formation of nano-scale protrusion structure produced by local anodic oxidation on Si wafer
surface in expectation of the nano/micro mold production for nanoimprint lithography in future. In
this report, the influences of contact width and distance between probe tip and Si wafer surface
(distance between terminals) on the size and shape of protrusion patterns were examined in order to
clarify the fundamental phenomena in local anodic oxidation. A scanning probe microscope equipped
with a current measuring unit was utilized in local anodic oxidation experiments. As a result, it was
confirmed that the size of generated protrusion structure became larger with increasing the contact
width and became smaller with increasing the distance between probe tip and Si wafer surface. These
facts will be useful in producing 3-D nanostructures in future.
A Study on Statistical Analysis of Si-Wafer Polishing Process for the Optimum Polishing Condition
Authors: Hwang Sung Chul , Won Jong Koo , Lee Jung Taik , Lee Eun Sang
Published: March 2009

As the level of Si-wafer surface directly affects device line-width capability, process
latitude, yield, and throughput in fabrication of microchips, it needs to have ultra precision
surface and flatness. Polishing is one of the important processing having influence on the
surface roughness in manufacturing of Si-wafers. The surface roughness in wafer polishing is
mainly affected by the many process parameters. For decreasing the surface roughness, the
control of polishing parameters is very important. In this paper, the optimum condition selection
of ultra precision wafer polishing and the effect of polishing parameters on the surface
roughness were evaluated by the statistical analysis of the process parameters.
Effect of Polishing Time and Pressure on Polishing Pad Performance
Authors: Biddut A.Q. , Zhang Liang Chi , Ali Y.M.
Published: March 2009

This paper experimentally investigates the effect of time and pressure on the condition of
polishing pads and the material removal rate (MRR) of single crystal silicon. It was found that as
the pad deteriorates with time, MRR decreases. Surfaces with a required quality can only be
achieved before the texture deterioration reaches a critical limit. At a higher pressure, 25 kPa,
deterioration is slower, and the effective life of pads and MRR is enhanced.
Thermal Damage of Micro Diameter Hole Drilled by Super-High-Speed Spindle in PWB
Authors: Nojiri Hiroshi , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Ogawa Keiji , Otsuka Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2009

Recently, a new drilling technology has been attracting attention using a
super-high-speed spindle and micro diameter drills (less than 0.2 mm). In these drilling conditions,
B-RING damage extends more than internal damage around the drilled holes. Therefore, we
investigated the best drilling conditions for control of the B-RING, considering productivity. The
following conclusions were obtained. (1) The temperature of the drilling tool is raised by decreasing
the heat capacity of the drill. B-RING damage around the drilled hole is especially generated under
drilling conditions using the super-high-speed spindle and micro diameter drill. (2) B-RING is
mainly caused by the heat being conducted to the hole wall of the PWB. (3) Raising the R point
height is an effective method for preventing B-RING damage. (4) We confirm obtaining the best
drilling condition by considering B-RING and productivity.
Error Analysis and Robust Position Measurement for Vertex of a Small Polyhedron
Authors: Harada Takashi
Published: March 2009

A robust measurement method for vertex position of a small polyhedron using 3D image
procession is proposed. Shape from focus method is applied for getting 3D positions on surfaces of
the polyhedron. Averaging of in-focus function is usually applied for reducing noises, but it lacks
sharp edge information of the target. The position of the vertex is indirectory calculated from the 3D
data using geometrical model of the polyhedron. In this paper, relations between measurement noise
and appropriate number of data for averaging of focal measurement, and area of data for fitting of the
Gaussian function were investigated. Then, error propagation analysis is applied to the equations of
the indirect measurement of the vertex position. By using the geometrical characteristics of the
polyhedron, measurement of the vertex position became robust against the measurement errors.
Effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by numerical simulation and experimental
result for measurement of a vertex of a small polyhedron.
Sol-Gel Process for Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Klein Lisa C.
Published: March 2009

The sol-gel process has been used to modify the electrolyte membrane used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). Recent progress is reported in the synthesis of hybrid membranes involving Nafion®. These membranes have been prepared by infiltration and recasting, and contain silicates, phosphosilicates, zirconium phosphosilicates, titanosilicates, or phosphotungstates.
Research on Electrode Wear Prediction and Compensation On-Line Technology for Micro EDM Application
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Zhen Long , Li Z.Y. , Zhao Wan Sheng
Published: March 2009

A micro-EDM equipment which can fabricate three-dimensional micro-structures is developed. A method of electrode wear compensation on-line which is very important to micro 3D structures machined by micro-EDM is presented. In this method, the wear of electrode can be predicted by the statistics law of open rate of discharge status, therefore, its precise model which is very difficult to build as well as the special CAD/CAM system is hardly necessary. At the same time, the micro-EDM CAD/CAM technology which applies the universal CAD/CAM software for milling is also researched and experienced on Unigraphics (UG). At last, micro 3D structures, a micro hemisphere with diameter ∅150+m and a micro 3D beam which is very popular in MEMS, are machined on silicon wafer by this way, which proves the wide useful of this method and the promising application in MEMS.
Research on Ontology-Based Knowledge Acquisition and Reuse for Fixture Design
Authors: Wang L. , Yin Guo Fu , Xu L.
Published: March 2009

Management of fixture design knowledge is vital for improving product quality and
reducing product lead time, but there is no efficient and effective mechanism in current
computer-aided fixture design systems to integrate fixture design process, to share design resource
as well as acquisition and reuse knowledge. Ontology is increasingly seen as a key technology for
enabling semantics-driven knowledge processing. On the background of a architecture of fixture
design system based on knowledge introduced in the paper, we presented and expatiated a fixture
design knowledge acquisition and reuse technology based on ontology, which embeds ontology in
current computer-aided fixture design based on knowledge. Finally, the related case study was
given.
Three-D Modeling and Feature Collection of Box-Like Components Based on CSG Fundamental Geometric Element Set and Topological Relationship Tree
Authors: Gu Li Zhi , Li Yong Lin
Published: March 2009

Box-like components are the component class with the complexity in structure and shape,
and required premium quality on the machined surfaces, and with difficulty in design and
manufacturing. In Euclid Space, a 3D modeling with collection of feature information based mainly
on the CSG fundamental geometric element method and topological relationship was presented,
with fundamental geometric element set, the topological relationship tree and datum system of
fundamental geometric elements, and Boolean operations and linking, for CSG modeling of
common box-like components. Details were also given to the study and construction of 9 modules
for feature information collection. CSG modeling and collection of feature information of a
base-box of reduction unit were put forward, as an example. The initial application of the system
has shown that it was of simplicity, intuition, and effectiveness, with plenty feature pieces of feature
information. It is satisfactory to design digitally even more complicated box-like components, and
build up the information base for the following digital engineering with the current system.
3-D Outline Tracking Intelligence Control Technique and Application-Automobile Outline Parameter Measurement Machine
Authors: Shi W.Y. , Chen Y.S.
Published: March 2009

The technique core of the 3-D outline tracking intelligence control, which adopted in
measure automobile outline parameters, lies in the adoption of several photoelectric sensors, laser
measuring sensors and super sonic wave measuring sensors to carry on probing, the intelligence
control unit makes the photoelectric signal examined as the control basis, and controls the step
motor to drive measurement machines and probing sensors to make outline tracking and scans
movement along high and breadth direction of the vehicle, and record its outline track, and the data
measured is delivered to the computer, finally, acquires the size of the vehicle checked through the
place of computer data processing. Then, by comparing with the original vehicle data in the vehicle
management database, it makes the adjudicate whether the size of vehicle is within the prescribed
limit. System composite: mechanical structure, 3-D intelligence tracking and control unit, data
handle computer and intelligence communication between them. The measuring accuracy index is
±0.1% of checked object.
Process Quality Collaborative Tracing-Back and Close Loop in CIMS
Authors: Zhao Li Ping , Yao Y.Y.
Published: March 2009

In CIMS for feeding back the process quality problems to relevant department in time, finding out the corrective actions rapidly, taking process quality tracing-back and quality improvement as cores, connecting workflow technology with real demands of quality tracing-back and evaluating, on the basis of deeply analysis of process quality , a web-based workflow model for tracing-back and close loop is established. Collaborative tracing-back and workflow control engine are analyzed. Based on process quality abnormity analysis, the implementation method with collaborative evaluation of fuzzy outranking for quality collaborative tracing-back is developed, which can help quality control engineer finding out the cause of problem and responsibility department in time. The application of above method in a quality improvement process is represented
Situation and Solution of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprise Informationization
Authors: Jiao Guang Ming , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min
Published: March 2009

The development history and situation of Chinese manufacturing enterprise informationization are reviewed in this paper. Based on practice, the problems of Chinese enterprise informationization are discussed on in view of understanding, methods and implementation, and difficulties are explained. At last, methods of Enterprise Information are proposed.
Flexible Fixture Based on Magneto-Rheological Fluid
Authors: Zhao Can , Liu Dan Dan , Tang C.R.
Published: March 2009

This paper brings forward a flexible fixture system based on magneto-rheological fluid. It
is a holding and positioning device that has flexible surface of change rigidity by using current and
magneto-rheological fluid valve to control variety of rigidity. It can adapt all kinds of rigidity and
shape holding objects, the stress is adapted to object surface of any shape. Flexible fixture based on
magneto-rheological fluid has simple structure and faster execution action and lower cost relative to
pure mechanical control system. The simulation results are shown that the fixture system has better
positioning precision and clamping effect. The fixture device can be applied in many domains.
Study on Swept-Modeling with 3D Solid Based on ObjectARX
Authors: Zhang J.F. , Wang Yong
Published: March 2009

ObjectARX is a development technology of AutoCAD based on MFC. The developed ARX program can do the job like finishing the drawing automatically and creating a swept-solid modeling. The general modeling software, such as Pro/Engineer, can not create a swept-solid with 3D solid or surface. The profiles of the parts may be expressed by some equations like spur gear, while others may be not like bevel gear and space cam. In this paper, a solution for the development of part without accurate profile equation by using the ARX technology is investigated. With the help of the ARX in AutoCAD, the related entities in the database to do some Boolean operations are manipulated and the swept modeling is created. As the examples, the 3D solid model of a gear and a cam is built to demonstrate the use of the method. The limitation of the method is also discussed.
Cellular Automata Method for Reconstruction of Complex Groove of Milling Insert
Authors: Tan Guang Yu , Liu Guang Jun , Li G.H. , Song H. , Rong Yi Ming
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a self-organizing method for reconstruction of complex groove of milling insert. The local rule of Cellular Automata is proposed to design and optimize the groove of milling insert. The states of cells are modified according to the local rule applied. The state of the entire system is updated based on the state of the cell and its neighboring cell, and these cells’ states define the state of the entire domain, and the groove can be reconstructed. The reconstructed groove is tested by a FEM simulation. The simulation results show that the reconstructed groove has a satisfied performance on the stress field and temperature field.
Research of Film Precise Potentiometer Linearity Automatically Measuring and Amending System
Authors: Wang Guang Lin , Liu Zhen Hua , Pan Xu Dong
Published: March 2009

This paper researched the film-precision potentiometer resistance, the development of its
linear measuring and amending automation system, the application in aerospace field. The system
with the X-Y table in the use of self-developed resistance to probe linear measurement, in the
computer control of the special carved header of the sophisticated detection of potential
amendments to meet the requirements of its linearity error. The entire process of measuring and
repair inscribed industrial control computer supported by self-developed special software
measurement and repair inscribed automatic, and fully automated, with high precision and high
efficiency characteristics.
Study on Parameter Optimization about NC Cutting of Marine Ship Diesel Engine and Cutting Database System
Authors: Fang Xi Feng , Zhang Sheng Wen , Gong Chan Yuan , Lan T.X.
Published: March 2009

In the manufacturing of diesel engine, cutting machining is the main processing method. In
order to improve efficiency and increase benefit of machining, the cutting database and parameter
optimization system is built for the five key parts of marine ship diesel engine, which can provide
optimal and rational cutting parameters. Microsoft Visual Basic and Microsoft SQL Server 2000 are
used as the database management system, combining the modeling function of Deform 5.03 software.
The logical and physical models are designed, and the functions of basic information management
and query are realized. It can commend reasonable cutting parameters according to machining
condition input. The Weilenmann algorithm method is adopted to calculate the cutting force and
motor power, and user can be convenient to judge whether the parameter input is safe and reasonable.
The objective function and restrictive conditions are set up by using the simplex method and linear
programming, and the optimization function of cutting parameters is realized. A developed prototype
system and an example have verified some presented techniques and the research results are the basis
of the future development.
The Development of Automatic Metric Pump Flow Regulation Instrument
Authors: Shao Jun Peng , Li Jin Cheng
Published: March 2009

The metric pump is widely used in the chemical industry and other industries which need
fluid translation. It has the ability of accurate flow regulating. However, it is mainly by operating the
hand wheel on the pump to regulate the flow of the pump at present. The accuracy of manual
regulation is low, and the manual operated metric pump is not suitable to be used in the poisonous and
dangerous circumstances. This paper chose AT89S52 as the main controller, which controlled the
stepper motor. After reducing the speed by speed reducer, the stepper motor drove leadscrew to
control the N-Shape Shaft, which is the flow regulating part on the pump. The system used LCD as the
display unit, it can displayed the the setting values, and the values changed as the stepper motor
moved. The system used 4×4 keyboard as the input interface, it has more keys which means more
control funtions and inputing flow values is convenient. The experimental results indicate that the
error between actual flow value and the setting value is within 2%. It reaches the factory demand. This
flow regulation instrument has resloved unconvenience in manual regulation way and improved the
control accuracy.
Research on Temperature Field under Regular Gradient Heat Source of Milling Insert with Complex Groove Using Cellular Automata Algorithm
Authors: Li G.H. , Su Y.L. , Liu Guang Jun , Tan Guang Yu , Rong Yi Ming
Published: March 2009

Lots of cutting heat is generated in milling process, and an unsteady temperature
distribution is generated, which is the radical reason of impactive fracture and sticking-welding
fracture of the tool. In this paper, the Cellular Automata model of regular gradient heat source on the
rake face of milling insert is built using heat transfer theory and cutting principle to analyze the
temperature field generated. The boundary condition of the insert is established and the unsteady
temperature field of the insert is obtained using the Cellular Automata algorithm, which can be a basis
for the direct reconstruction of the insert.
A Simulation-Based Methodology for Lot-Size Optimization
Authors: Kou Y. , Yang Jian Jun
Published: March 2009

In the process of lot size optimization, various factors such as machine capability and parts assembly lead time need to be considered. Within small batch and multi-items production environment, kitting parts entering to assembly systems in time may valid shorten product manufacturing period, and reduce the quantity of work-in-process (WIP). This paper built up a mathematical model with the objective function of reducing set up costs, shortening cycle of part production and reducing WIP and with constraints of machine capabilities, part process planning and kitting requirement. An object-oriented simulation model is established to control the behavior of logistics objects to meet the target functions through rules aggregation and constraints at the control points, resulting in an optimal production result.
Research on Examination and Approval Flow in Concurrent Process Planning System
Authors: Wang M.Z. , Zhang J.
Published: March 2009

Discussed examination and approval flow technology of CAPP system. It can improve
capability of the Concurrent Process Planning System (CPPS) and reduce technologist labor intensity
of writing technical documents. Introduced establishing method of userinfo in PDM, and then
explained how to link the userinfo table with overall process information table by using database
technology, and introduced how to use the userinfo database to realize examination and approval flow
in CPPS.
A Data Hub Model for Simulation-Based Ship Design
Authors: Bao Jin Song , Hu X.F. , Ye Jin , Wang W.
Published: March 2009

Within a shipyard, designers have their own design objectives and moreover apply
different software on heterogeneous hardware platforms; nevertheless requested collabtive
operation still remains in the comple design circumstance. The paper presents a data hub model to
sovle this problem and improve effectiveness and efficiency for ship design. The model is
simulation-driven and consists of two main parts, including data management and integrated
simulation environment. The data management processes the simulation-based design data storage,
access and transformation. The integrated simulation environment bridges the gap among the
multidisciplinary domain including CAD geometry, CAE, virtual navigation, kinematics and
dynamics simulation. In addition, an application is developed to evaluate the validity of data hub
model for ship design.
Cracking Mechanism and Retrofit Design of Governing Stage Blades for a Steam Turbine
Authors: Xu Z.L. , He S.N. , Shangguan Bo
Published: March 2009

Cracking of blade dovetails occurred in a governing stage of a 50MW steam turbines twice within 5 months. To find out the failure mechanism and measures to avoid the failure accident, one of the cracked blades has been inspected by the metallography and a scanning electronic microscope. The inspection results show that the cracking of the blade is caused by the high cycle fatigue. When governing stage blades are in operation, the vibration of blades can extend to platform or even to dovetail parts over radial supporting surfaces depending on temperature, centrifugal force and assembly tolerance. The calculated results by FEM show that not only natural frequencies of blades in operating are smaller than that in stationary but also the modal order shifts when the blade runs from stationary to operation states. The effect of mode shift on the failure was investigated. According to the conclusion, the blades have been retrofitted by increasing neck of dovetail to avoid dangerous resonance, and the blades have been operating in healthy condition for two years after the modification. Contrarily, if the phenomenon of mode shift were ignored, it would be difficult to find out the right reason of resonance and ways to retrofit the damaged blades.
Mechanical, Thermal and Oxidation Behaviour of Zirconium Diboride Based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Composites
Authors: Mitra R. , Upender Sunkari , Mallik Manab , Chakraborty Subrata , Ray Kalyan Kumar
Published: March 2009

A comparative study has been carried out on the mechanical properties at room temperature, thermal shock and ablation resistance as well as oxidation behaviour of ZrB2-20SiC, ZrB2-20SiC-5Si3N4 and ZrB2-20ZrC-20SiC-5Si3N4 (amounts represent volume percent) composites. Fracture toughness has been determined using either three-point bend tests on single edge notch bend specimens, or by indentation technique. Addition of Si3N4 as sintering aid leads to enhancement in flexural strength and fracture toughness in the composite without ZrC. The specimens were subjected to thermal shock by quenching from temperatures in the range of 800o- 1200oC to ice cold water, and to ablation by exposure to oxy-acetylene flame at 2200oC. The composite having ZrC as constituent, exhibits the highest resistance to damage due to thermal shock and ablation, while the ZrB2-SiC composite shows the least change in mass during ablation. On the other hand, thermogravimetric experiments from room temperature to 1300oC have shown that the presence of ZrC is detrimental for oxidation resistance. Hence, the constituents of the composites need to be selected on the basis of the nature of application. The results of this study show that the investigated ZrB2 based composites bear the potential for multiple use thermal protection of reentry type space vehicles.
Processing of Refractory Metal Borides, Carbides and Nitrides
Authors: Rangaraj Lingappa , Divakar Canchi , Jayaram Vikram
Published: March 2009

Transition metal borides, carbides and nitrides are candidates for very high temperature applications. A review of various processing techniques to fabricate dense monolithic and composite materials is presented. In particular, we focus on reactive hot pressing (RHP) which allows synthesis and densification to be achieved simultaneously. We report the RHP of composites in the Ti-B-N, Zr-B-C and Zr-B-Si-C systems using the reactions of Ti/BN, Zr/B4C (Si, SiC particulate) powder mixtures at moderate pressures and temperatures. Substantial reductions in processing temperature may be realized from those in excess of 1800°C down to as low as 1200°C by exploiting a combination of transient liquid phases, plasticity in a non-stoichiometric ZrC and enhanced transport in a sub-micron microstructure.
Bovine Hydroxyapatite (BHA) Boron Oxide Composites
Authors: Gunduz Oguzhan , Ozyegin L.S. , Dorozhkin Sergey V. , Meydanoglu Onur , Eruslu Niyazi , Kayali S. , Agathopoulos Simeon , Oktar Faik N.
Published: March 2009

Composites of calcinated bovine bone derived hydroxyapatite (HA) with 5, 7.5 and 10 wt % B2O3 were prepared by sintering. The production of HA from natural sources is preferred due to economical and time saving reasons. In this study scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations, microhardness and compression strength measurements were performed on composites. The experimental results indicated that compression strength and microhardness of HA-boron-oxide composites decrease when the content of boric acid and sintering temperature increase. The best mechanical properties achieved for 5 wt % addition of dehydrated boric acid. It was seen that at higher sintering temperatures, the compression strength and the microhardness decrease due to the very intensive pore formation. The results agree fairly well with microstructure analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane-Polyurethane Hybrid Materials
Authors: Jiménez-Gallegos Rodrigo , Téllez-Jurado L. , Rodríguez-Lorenzo Luis M. , San Román Julio
Published: March 2009

This paper focuses on the preparation of siloxane-polyurethane hybrid materials using a sol-gel method. The global aim of the project is to tailor mechanical properties, degradability rate, bioactivity and biocompatibility to design scaffolds for musculoskeletal applications. A series of seven hybrid materials were synthesized with varying the proportion of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and Polyurethane (PU). The organic part ratios (by weight) employed were (% PDMS:% PU) 30:0, 35:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25, and 0:30. The organic part was reacted with constant 70 % TEOS to obtain the hybrid materials. A sol-gel process was selected for the synthesis of the hybrids. The characterization of materials was carried out by the fourier-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) techniques in order to analyze the structure, microstructure and chemical composition of the hybrid materials. Gelification time depends on the proportion of PU used. When no PU is employed, the gel time is 8 hours but it rises up to 18 days for 30 % of polyurethane. Materials range from opaque to translucent but with a greater fragility for greater amounts of polyurethane. No differences in the bonding of materials could be appreciated.
Fabrication of Encapsulated Silicagel Microsphere with Hydroxyapatite for Sustained-Release
Authors: Yamane Shihori , Yabutsuka Takeshi , Hibino Mitsuhiro , Yao Takeshi
Published: March 2009

Apatite nuclei were precipitated in the pores of silicagel microspheres by raising pH of simulated body fluid (SBF). By a soak in SBF, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was induced from the apatite nuclei and spread over whole surface area of the silicagel microspheres. Then encapsulated silicagel microspheres with HAp were fabricated.