bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sports Intelligence: Assessing the Sports Understanding Capabilities of Language Models Through Question Answering from Text to Video
Authors: Yang Zhengbang , Xia Haotian , Li Jingxi , Chen Zezhi , Zhu Zhuangdi , Shen Weining
Published: January 2025

Understanding sports presents a fascinating challenge for Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to its intricate and ever-changing nature. Current NLP technologies struggle with the advanced cognitive demands required to reason over complex sports scenarios. To explore the current boundaries of this field, we extensively evaluated mainstream and emerging large models on various sports tasks and addressed the limitations of previous benchmarks. Our study ranges from answering simple queries about basic rules and historical facts to engaging in complex, context-specific reasoning using strategies like few-shot learning and chain-of-thought techniques. Beyond text-based analysis, we also explored the sports reasoning capabilities of mainstream video language models to bridge the gap in benchmarking multimodal sports understanding. Based on a comprehensive overview of main-stream large models on diverse sports understanding tasks, we presented a new benchmark, which highlighted the critical challenges of sports understanding for NLP and the varying capabilities of state-of-the-art large models on sports understanding. We also provided an extensive set of error analyses that pointed to detailed reasoning defects of large model reasoning which model-based error analysis failed to reveal. We hope the benchmark and the error analysis set will help identify future research priorities in this field.
A Review of Ignition Characteristics and Prediction Model of Combustor Under High-Altitude Conditions
Authors: Zhu Yuhui , Wang Shaolin , Wang Kaixing , Liu Yushuai , Liu Cunxi , Liu Fuqiang , Yang Jinhu , Mu Yong , Xu Gang
Published: January 2025

High-altitude relight is a critical challenge for aero-engines, directly impacting the safety and emergency response capabilities of aircraft. This paper systematically reviews the physical mechanisms, key factors, and relevant prediction models of high-altitude relight, highlighting the detrimental effects of extreme conditions such as low pressure and temperature on fuel evaporation rates, flame propagation speeds, and turbulent combustion processes. A comprehensive overview of the current state of high-altitude relight research is presented, alongside recommendations for enhancing the ignition performance of aero-engines under extreme conditions. This paper focuses on the development of ignition prediction models, including early empirical and semi-empirical models, as well as physics-based models for turbulent flame propagation and flame kernel tracking, assessing their applicability in high-altitude relight scenarios. Although flame kernel tracking has shown satisfactory performance in predicting ignition probability, it still overly relies on manually set parameters and lacks precise descriptions of the physical processes of flame kernel generation. Future studies on some topics, including refining flame kernel modeling, strengthening the integration of experimental data and numerical simulations, and exploring the incorporation of new ignition technologies, are needed, to further improve model reliability and predictive capability.
Analysis of an Acute Diarrhea Piecewise Modified ABC Fractional Model: Optimal Control, Stability and Simulation
Authors: Madani Yasir A. , Almalahi Mohammed A. , Osman Osman , Muflh Blgys , Aldwoah Khaled , Mohamed Khidir Shaib , Eljaneid Nidal
Published: January 2025

Acute diarrhea poses a significant global health challenge, especially in settings with poor sanitation. This study develops a mathematical model of diarrhea, employing a piecewise modified ABC (pmABC) fractional derivative to capture the disease’s transmission dynamics, including crossover effects between classical and fractional behaviors. We analyze the local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium and calculate the basic reproduction number R0 using the next-generation matrix method. Furthermore, we formulate an optimal control model that incorporates both strategies to reduce contact between susceptible and infected individuals, and to treat infected patients. Numerical simulations demonstrate the model’s behavior, illustrating that enhanced hygiene compliance reduces R0 by decreasing contact rates, while increased effective contact rates elevate R0. Additionally, the simulations reveal a positive correlation between higher concentrations of acute diarrhea bacteria and increased rates of subsequent infections.
The Impact of Klotho in Cancer: From Development and Progression to Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Ortega Miguel A. , Boaru Diego Liviu , De Leon-Oliva Diego , De Castro-Martinez Patricia , Minaya-Bravo Ana M. , Casanova-Martín Carlos , Barrena-Blázquez Silvestra , Garcia-Montero Cielo , Fraile-Martinez Oscar , Lopez-Gonzalez Laura , Saez Miguel A. , Alvarez-Mon Melchor , Diaz-Pedrero Raul
Published: January 2025

Klotho, initially identified as an anti-aging gene, has been shown to play significant roles in cancer biology. Alongside α-Klotho, the β-Klotho and γ-Klotho isoforms have also been studied; these studies showed that Klotho functions as a potential tumor suppressor in many different cancers by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and modulating critical signaling pathways such as the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt pathways. In cancers such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, reduced Klotho expression often correlates with a poor prognosis. In addition, Klotho’s role in enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity and its epigenetic regulation further underscores its potential as a target for cancer treatments. This review details Klotho’s multifaceted contributions to cancer suppression and its potential as a therapeutic target, enhancing the understanding of its significance in cancer treatment and prognoses.
Comparative Analysis of Genomic and Pedigree-Based Approaches for Genetic Evaluation of Morphological Traits in Pura Raza Española Horses
Authors: Ziadi Chiraz , Demyda-Peyrás Sebastián , Valera Mercedes , Perdomo-González Davinia , Laseca Nora , Rodríguez-Sainz de los Terreros Arancha , Encina Ana , Azor Pedro , Molina Antonio
Published: January 2025

Background: The single-step best linear unbiased predictor (ssGBLUP) has emerged as a reference method for genomic selection in recent years due to its advantages over traditional approaches. Although its application in horses remains limited, ssGBLUP has demonstrated the potential to improve the reliability of estimated breeding values in livestock species. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating genomic data using single-step restricted maximum likelihood (ssGREML) on reliability (R2) in the Pura Raza Española (PRE) horse breed, compared to traditional pedigree-based REML. Methods: The analysis involved 14 morphological traits from 7152 animals, including 2916 genotyped individuals. Genetic parameters were estimated using a multivariate model. Results: Results showed that heritability estimates were similar between the two approaches, ranging from 0.08 to 0.76. However, a significant increase in reliability (R2) was observed for ssGREML compared to REML across all morphological traits, with overall gains ranging from 1.56% to 13.30% depending on the trait evaluated. R2 ranged from 6.93% to 22.70% in genotyped animals, significantly lower in non-genotyped animals (0.82% to 12.37%). Interestingly, individuals with low R2 values in REML demonstrated the largest R2 gains in ssGREML. Additionally, this improvement was much greater (5.96% to 19.25%) when only considering stallions with less than 40 controlled foals. Conclusions: Hereby, we demonstrated that the application of genomic selection can contribute to improving the reliability of mating decisions in a large horse breeding program such as the PRE breed.
Periostin Splice Variant Expression in Human Osteoblasts from Osteoporotic Patients and Its Effects on Interleukin-6 and Osteoprotegerin
Authors: Kuebart Till , Oezel Lisa , Gürsoy Beyza , Maus Uwe , Windolf Joachim , Bittersohl Bernd , Grotheer Vera
Published: January 2025

Osteoporosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by low bone mass and quality, resulting in weaker bone strength and fragility fractures. Periostin is a matricellular protein expressed in the periosteum of bone by osteoblasts. It regulates cell recruitment and differentiation in response to fracture and contributes to extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. The aim of the following study was to determine the splice variants of Periostin expressed in human osteoblasts and Periostin’s function in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Osteoblasts isolated from femoral heads from 29 patients with or without osteoporosis were utilised. Periostin splice variants were compared by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Furthermore, the effect of Periostin inhibition on osteoblast differentiation was investigated using alizarin red S staining. Lastly, the interaction of IL-6 and Periostin and their effect on osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion were analysed with the implantation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). It could be demonstrated that human osteoblasts preferentially express Periostin isoform 4, even if splice variant expression was not altered in osteoporosis conditions, indicating that Periostin’s functions in bone are primarily attributable to this isoform. The inhibition of Periostin resulted in significantly reduced osteoblast differentiation. However, Periostin was secreted in significantly higher amounts in osteoblasts from patients with osteoporosis. Additionally, Periostin significantly reduces OPG secretion and, thereby, rather promotes bone resorption. Furthermore, it could be determined that Periostin and IL-6 induce each other, and both significantly decrease OPG secretion. A positive feedback loop exacerbates the dysregulation found in human osteoblasts from patients with osteoporosis, thereby contributing to bone loss.
Correction: Zhang et al. Deficiency of S100A9 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Liver Injury through Regulating AKT-AMPK-Dependent Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2112
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Wu Feng , Teng Fei , Guo Shubin , Li Huihua
Published: January 2025

In the original publication [...]
Enhanced Analysis of Low-Abundance Proteins in Soybean Seeds Using Advanced Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Meng Bo , Huang Yuanyuan , Lu Ao , Liao Huanyue , Zhai Rui , Gong Xiaoyun , Dong Lianhua , Jiang You , Dai Xinhua , Fang Xiang , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2025

This study presents an advanced approach for the comprehensive analysis of low-abundance proteins in soybean seeds, addressing challenges posed by high-abundance storage proteins. We compared the effectiveness of Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA), Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA), and BoxCar mass spectrometry techniques to identify low-abundance proteins in two types of soybean seeds: High-Oil and High-Protein seeds. The results indicate that the DIA method, and particularly the BoxCar methods, significantly improve the detection of low-abundance proteins compared to DDA, offering deeper insights into soybean seed biology. Specifically, BoxCar-based analysis revealed distinct proteomic differences between High-Oil and High-Protein seeds, highlighting more active metabolic processes in High-Oil seeds. Additionally, several key proteins were identified and annotated as uniquely expressed in either High-Oil or High-Protein seeds. These findings emphasize the importance of advanced proteomic techniques, such as BoxCar, in deepening our understanding of soybean seed biology and supporting breeding strategies to improve nutritional qualities.
Determining the Elastic Constants and Thickness of the Interphase in Fiberglass Plastic Composites from Micromechanical and Macromechanical Tests
Authors: Smirnov Alexander , Smirnova Evgeniya , Vichuzhanin Dmitry , Khudorozhkova Yulia , Spirina Irina , Kanakin Vladislav , Muizemnek Olga
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to describe a methodology for determining the elastic constants and thickness of the interphase between matrix and fiber in fiberglass plastic composites from macro- and micromechanical testing. Macromechanical testing is tension of unidirectional fiberglass plastics along and across the fiber direction. Micromechanical testing is tension of glass fibers and instrumented microindentation into the matrix and the fiberglass. The interphase thickness is determined by dynamic force microscopy on thin sections without a height difference. The measured interphase thickness is 621 nm. Based on the interphase thickness, a mesomechanical finite element model of a fiberglass monolayer is constructed. As a result, it is found that the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are 12.7 GPa, 0.07. It is established that the elastic properties of the interphase differ significantly from those of the matrix. The paper also explores the possibility of determining the interphase thickness through computational experiments. It turns out that by knowing the actual elastic properties of the matrix and the fiber, as well as the fiberglass monolayer, it is feasible to calculate the interphase and its elastic properties with acceptable engineering accuracy. The deviation of the calculated interphase thickness from the experimentally measured one is 6%.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cultivated Land Productivity in a Large City: Case Study of Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Authors: Liu Yuanli , Liao Qiang , Shao Zhouling , Gao Wenbo , Cao Jie , Chen Chunyan , Liao Guitang , He Peng , Lin Zhengyu
Published: January 2025

Given the constraints of limited cultivated land resources, ensuring and enhancing crop productivity are crucial for food security. This study takes Chengdu as a case study. Using the cultivated land productivity (CLP) evaluation model, we calculated the cultivated land productivity index (CLPI) and analyzed its spatial distribution characteristics. The Geographical Detector model was employed to identify the main factors influencing CLP, and corresponding countermeasures and measures were proposed based on the limiting degrees of these factors. The findings reveal that Chengdu’s CLP index ranges from 1231 to 3053. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates a spatial agglomeration pattern in Chengdu’s overall crop productivity distribution. The local spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrates that township (street)-level crop productivity in Chengdu is primarily characterized by “high–high”, “low–low”, and “low–high” clusters. Key factors influencing the spatial differentiation of CLP in Chengdu include the agronomic management level, soil bulk density, irrigation guarantee rate, soil body configuration, field slope, and farmland flood control standard. Interaction detection shows that there are both double-factor and nonlinear enhancements among the factors. Specifically, the interaction between soil bulk density and the agronomic management level among other factors have the most explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of CLP. The CLP in Chengdu is highly restricted by its technical level, with the agronomic management level severely limiting CLP by more than 50%. These research results provide a theoretical reference for regional high-standard farmland construction and the protection and utilization of cultivated land resources.
Investigation of Electrospark Sintering of Composites of SiC–TiC, SiC–VC Systems
Authors: Ivzhenko Vyacheslav , Vovk Ruslan , Hevorkian Edvin , Kosenchuk Tamara , Chyshkala Volodymyr , Nerubatskyi Volodymyr , Cherniavskyi Vadym , Shamsutdinova Natalia
Published: January 2025

The kinetic regularities of the electrօspark sintering of SiC–TiC, SiC–VC composites at a pressure of 45 MPa and the temperatures of 1900 and 2000 °C have been established. At the first stage of the composite compaction process, the addition of TiC, VC impurities in the amount of 20 vol.% to silicon carbide with a dispersion of 2 μm increases the compaction rate by 1.3 and 1.1 times, respectively, and the addition of Ti, V carbides in the amount of 40 vol.% increases the compaction rate by 1.7 and 1.2 times, respectively. At the second stage of the compaction process, when Ti, V carbides are added in the amount of 40 vol.%, the compaction increases from 70% in silicon carbide to 99.9% in the 60SiC–40TiC composite and 91.2% in the 60SiC–40VC composite. Solid-phase sintering in composites with an admixture of titanium carbide is better than in composites with an admixture of vanadium carbide due to an increase in interaction at the phase boundaries: the interaction zone increases from ~1.0 μm at the boundaries of silicon carbide and vanadium carbide grains to ~1.5 μm at the boundaries of silicon carbide and titanium carbide grains.
Research on the Effects of the Water–Binder Ratio and Fiber Content on the Tensile and Bending Mechanical Properties of ECCs
Authors: Ai Jifeng , Qiu Kaixin , Yang Bowei , Peng Shiwei , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Jiuhong
Published: January 2025

Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) are a type of high-performance composite material, but in practical applications, ECCs that combine high strength with high toughness have greater development potential. Moreover, there is currently no unified standard or method for assessing the bending toughness of ECCs. This study is based on the Modified Andreasen and Andersen model (MAA) design ratio of the closest packing theory to investigate the effect of changes in the water–binder ratio and fiber content, where the water–binder ratio is taken as 0.19, 0.22, and 0.25, and the fiber content is taken as 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%, respectively, to improve the comprehensive performance of ECCs. Information about tensile strength, bending strength, tensile toughness, and bending toughness is examined. Three different ways to measure bending toughness are compared and improved; the energy factor Ems is used to measure bending toughness, and a response surface methodology is used to design and test the best mix ratio. The results indicate that when the water–binder ratio is 0.22 and the fiber content is 1.9%, the performance is optimal. Compared with the prediction group, the measured group presented an increase in tensile strength of 2.64%, a decrease in bending strength of 3.39%, an increase in tensile toughness of 3.22%, and an increase in the energy factor Ems of 1.21%. This finding indicates that the response surface optimization improved the performance of the ECCs in various aspects.
Ultralow Temperature Sintering of High-Performance Sm-Doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Ma Zechi , Yuan Zixuan , Yao Zhonghua , Chen Jiangxue , Hao Hua , Cao Minghe , Liu Hanxing
Published: January 2025

Piezoelectric materials (PZTs) enjoy extensive applications in the field of electromechanical sensors due to their sensitive response to external electric fields. The limited piezoelectric response for single-layer piezoceramic pellets drives the use of multilayered technology to increase the electric displacement of a single piezo device. As is well known, Ag is commonly used as a metal for electrodes in devices based on traditional PZTs, which always densify at a high temperature above 1100 °C, resulting in Ag migration. Here, a high-performance samarium-ion-doped Sm0.01Pb0.99(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3 ceramic was selected as parent materials to develop a new Ag-cofired ceramic matrix with a sintering temperature of 920 °C by glass flux. The ceramic composition with 2.0 wt% glass addition exhibits the excellent performance of piezoelectric d33~492 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling coefficient kp~50.1%, mechanical quality factor Qm~68.71, and Curie temperature Tc~356 °C, respectively. The cyclic stability of d33 was measured below 6.6% at 30 kV/cm, which indicates that the piezoceramic has good temperature stability and fatigue resistance. Therefore, this study provides a novel high-performance piezoelectric system to meet the cofired requirement for multilayered piezoelectric devices.
On the Evolution Operators of a Class of Time-Delay Systems with Impulsive Parameterizations
Authors: De la Sen Manuel , Ibeas Asier , Garrido Aitor J. , Garrido Izaskun
Published: January 2025

This paper formalizes the analytic expressions and some properties of the evolution operator that generates the state-trajectory of dynamical systems combining delay-free dynamics with a set of discrete, or point, constant (and not necessarily commensurate) delays, where the parameterizations of both the delay-free and the delayed parts can undergo impulsive changes. Also, particular evolution operators are defined explicitly for the non-impulsive and impulsive time-varying delay-free case, and also for the case of impulsive delayed time-varying systems. In the impulsive cases, in general, the evolution operators are non-unique. The delays are assumed to be a finite number of constant delays that are not necessarily commensurate, that is, all of them being integer multiples of a minimum delay. On the other hand, the impulsive actions through time are assumed to be state-dependent and to take place at certain isolated time instants on the matrix functions that define the delay-free and the delayed dynamics. Some variants are also proposed for the cases when the impulsive actions are state-independent or state- and dynamics-independent. The intervals in-between consecutive impulses can be, in general, time-varying while subject to a minimum threshold. The boundedness of the state-trajectory solutions, which imply the system’s global stability, is investigated in the most general case for any given piecewise-continuous bounded function of initial conditions defined on the initial maximum delay interval. Such a solution boundedness property can be achieved, even if the delay-free dynamics is unstable, by an appropriate distribution of the impulsive actions. An illustrative first-order example is developed in detail to illustrate the impulsive stabilization results.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Four Anaerobic Ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora, Armophorea), with Report of a New Species and a Unique Arrangement Pattern of Dikinetids in Family Metopidae
Authors: Li Song , Zhuang Wenbao , Feng Xiaochen , Warren Alan , Gong Jun
Published: January 2025

The diversity of anaerobic ciliates is greatly underestimated owing to the limitation in sampling and cultivation when compared with their aerobic counterparts. In this study, four anaerobic ciliates, viz. Brachonella abnormalis sp. nov., Brachonella contorta (Levander, 1894) Jankowski, 1964, Metopus contortus (Quennerstedt, 1867) Kahl, 1932, and Metopus major Kahl, 1932, were investigated by live observation, protargol staining and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. B. abnormalis sp. nov. can be separated from its congeners by a combination of the following features: bullet-shaped cell with a life size of about 130–190 × 90–120 μm, dikinetids distributed along dorsal dome kineties, highly developed adoral zone comprised of 87–107 polykinetids, making about 450° spiralization around the long axis. The present work demonstrates that two known species, M. contortus and M. major, have a special trait never previously reported, viz. short, regularly arranged preoral dome dikinetids. Species with short, regularly arranged dome dikinetids appear in divergent clades in SSU rRNA gene trees, which may infer that this trait evolved several times. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data also support the monophyly of the genus Brachonella and the paraphyly of the order Metopida, respectively.
The Microbiome of Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Treated with Natural Preservatives During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Lee Jung-Lim , Yourek Gregory
Published: January 2025

Fish is an essential lean protein source worldwide. Unfortunately, fresh fish food products deteriorate rapidly due to microbial spoilage. With consumers’ growing concerns about using chemical preservatives, we propose using natural preservatives as safer alternatives to prevent microbial spoilage. In this study, we used Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) metagenomics to study microbiomes on catfish fillets at early (day one for all samples), middle (day seven for control store-bought and aquaculture-raised samples, day nine for other treatment store-bought samples, and day eleven for other treatment aquaculture-raised samples), and late (day fifteen for all store-bought, day eleven for control aquaculture-raised samples, and day twenty-seven for other treatment aquaculture-raised samples) points. Store-bought and aquaculture-raised catfish were treated individually with natural preservatives (vinegar, lemon, and grapefruit seed [GSE]). We observed bacterial populations and sequenced 16S NGS libraries of catfish microbes. Vinegar treatment showed the greatest suppression of bacterial growth in both groups, and GSE and lemon treatment had similar levels of suppression in the mid and late points (−4 to −5 Log CFU/g vinegar and −0.1 to −4 Log CFU/g other treatments in aquaculture and −1 to −2 Log CFU/g vinegar and −0.2 to −0.5 Log CFU/g other treatments in store-bought). Aquaculture-raised vinegar treatment samples had similar proportional taxonomy abundance values through storage duration. Pseudomonas, Janthinobacterium, and Camobacteriaceae were the dominant bacteria species in the early point for store-bought fish. Still, Pseudomonas was suppressed by vinegar treatment in the middle point, which allowed for less biased relative abundance compared to other treatments. Chryseobacterium, CK-1C4-19, and Cetobacterium were the dominant bacteria species for early point treatments in aquaculture-raised fish. Still, they remained the predominant bacteria for only aquaculture-raised vinegar samples in the middle and late points, which allowed for a similar relative abundance to fresh catfish. Meanwhile, Pseudomonas in most lemon and GSE samples became the dominant species at a later point. This study provides a better understanding of bacterial spoilage of catfish during storage. Additionally, we showed that natural preservative treatments can effectively extend the shelf-life of fishery products.
Microbiota Dysbiosis: A Key Modulator in Preeclampsia Pathogenesis and Its Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Torres-Torres Johnatan , Basurto-Serrano Jorge Alberto , Camacho-Martinez Zaira Alexi , Guadarrama-Sanchez Francisco Rafael , Monroy-Muñoz Irma Eloisa , Perez-Duran Javier , Solis-Paredes Juan Mario , Martinez-Portilla Raigam , Espino-y-Sosa Salvador , Ramirez-Gonzalez Andrea , Guadarrama-Mora Rodrigo , Rojas-Zepeda Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence implicates gut and vaginal microbiota dysbiosis in preeclampsia pathogenesis through its roles in immune regulation, inflammation, and placental function. This review explores the mechanisms linking microbiota alterations to preeclampsia and evaluates the therapeutic potential of microbiota-targeted interventions. A systematic search using MeSH terms related to “preeclampsia”, “microbiota”, and “dysbiosis” identified studies on microbiota and preeclampsia pathophysiology. Data extraction focused on microbial alterations and mechanistic insights. Gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production, weakens the intestinal barrier, exacerbates systemic inflammation, and impairs placental development. Vaginal dysbiosis, marked by reduced Lactobacillus species, promotes local inflammation, increasing placental dysfunction risk. Therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications, show promise in restoring microbial balance and mitigating preeclampsia risk. Microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributes to preeclampsia pathogenesis through inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and placental impairment. Interventions targeting microbial balance, such as probiotics and dietary modifications, show promise for prevention, but further research and large-scale trials are essential to validate their efficacy and safety.
The Role of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Erectile Dysfunction: From Pathophysiology to Treatment Strategies
Authors: Kaltsas Aris , Giannakodimos Ilias , Markou Eleftheria , Adamos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Marios , Kratiras Zisis , Zachariou Athanasios , Dimitriadis Fotios , Sofikitis Nikolaos , Chrisofos Michael
Published: January 2025

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent male sexual disorder characterized by the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. While its etiology is multifactorial, encompassing vascular, neurological, hormonal, and psychological components, emerging evidence suggests a significant role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in its development. The gut microbiota influences various metabolic, inflammatory, and neuropsychological processes critical to erectile function. Dysbiosis can lead to systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and altered neurotransmitter production, all of which are key factors in ED pathogenesis. This narrative review synthesizes current research on the association between gut microbiota alterations and ED, highlighting specific bacterial taxa implicated in ED through mechanisms involving inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and hormonal regulation. This review explores potential mechanisms linking gut microbiota and ED, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, gut barrier integrity disruption, metabolic disorders, psychological factors via the gut–brain axis, and hormonal regulation. Furthermore, the gut microbiota offers promising avenues for developing non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, mechanistic explorations, and clinical trials to validate these findings and translate them into clinical practice. Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiota and erectile function could unveil novel diagnostic biomarkers and pave the way for innovative treatments targeting the microbiota, ultimately improving men’s sexual and overall health.
Roping Prediction Versus Detection: Could Prediction Be Possible?
Authors: Yang Lin , Chen Lei , Tang Difan , Zanin Massimiliano , Aldrich Chris , Asamoah Richmond
Published: January 2025

Roping is a hydrocyclone failure mode that reduces separation efficiency, negatively impacting both the comminution circuit and downstream flotation processes. Therefore, detection of roping as early as possible is crucial in maintaining the normal performance of physical separation and linked processes. Most importantly, instead of detecting roping after it happens, could roping be predicted even before it arises? This review examines various detection methods, including mechanical, tomography, vibration, acoustic, and image processing, highlighting their cost and ability to monitor parameters like air core size, spray angle, and solid concentration. While most current methods detect roping only after it happens, predictive approaches could save time and costs. A promising solution combines pressure and vibration sensing with advanced signal processing, showing early potential to transform roping prediction and improve operational efficiency. This review highlights research gaps across various methods, underscores the importance of developing predictive capabilities for hydrocyclone operations, and outlines the essential conditions and future priorities for achieving roping prediction.
A Study on the Iodine Vapor Adsorption Performance and Desorption Behavior of HKUST-1 with Varying Particle Sizes
Authors: Lan Tian , Ding Xiaofan , Chen Qi , Xiao Songtao , Yan Taihong , Li Tianchi , Zheng Weifang
Published: January 2025

Iodine is one of the key elements that must be removed from the off-gas systems of nuclear fuel reprocessing. This study systematically investigates the iodine vapor adsorption performance of the metal–organic framework (MOF) material HKUST-1(1-(2-methyl-4-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)phenyl)-3-morpholino-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one), with particle sizes of 100 nm and 20 μm. HKUST-1 samples with varying particle sizes were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The experimental results show that the 20 μm HKUST-1 exhibits superior crystallinity, a more intact pore structure, and a higher iodine adsorption capacity, reaching 700 mg/g, which is significantly greater than the 300 mg/g capacity of the 100 nm HKUST-1. Kinetic analysis reveals that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order model, with physical adsorption as the predominant mechanism, where iodine molecules are accommodated within the pores. FTIR and XRD further confirm the structural stability of the HKUST-1 framework after iodine adsorption. However, desorption experiments show that iodine molecules are easily volatilized into the air, with a 20% weight loss observed within 10 h and a color change from black to green. The results provide experimental evidence for optimizing the application of HKUST-1 materials in iodine capture and suggest that material modification could enhance the long-term stability of iodine fixation.
Enhanced Eugenol Composition in Clove Essential Oil by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasonic Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation
Authors: Suttiarporn Panawan , Taithaisong Thananan , Namkhot Samran , Luangkamin Suwaporn
Published: January 2025

Eugenol is the key bioactive compound in clove oil, which has a variety of biological functions and is extensively employed in the medicinal and food industries. Nowadays, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have received considerable attention as green solvents that enhance extraction efficiency. The present study investigated the effects of DESs on the eugenol composition in clove essential oils (CEOs) extracted from clove buds using ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation techniques. The study revealed that both DES-based microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (DES-MHD) and ultrasonic-assisted DES pretreatment followed by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (U-DES-MHD) significantly enhanced the eugenol purity in CEOs compared to the MHD method without the use of DESs. The great CEOs with a high amount of eugenol obtained via choline chloride–oxalic acid (ChCl-OA) at a 1:2 molar ratio were used as DESs. Their oils had a eugenol content of 82.90% and 83.34%, respectively, corresponding to the extraction by DES-MHD and U-DES-MHD methods, which were raised from the oil’s extraction without DES by MHD 7.42% and 8.36%, respectively. Corresponding to a strong antioxidant agent of eugenol, the oils extracted by ChCl-OA-based MHD and ultrasonic-assisted ChCl-OA-based MHD methods had significantly stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 level of 2.16 ± 0.11 and 2.19 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively, than the oils extracted without DESs. Hence, these innovative processes offer a promising approach to improving the bioactivity of clove oils, while providing straightforward operation and environmentally friendly extraction methods. Additionally, these novel processes may find application in other edible essential oil extractions for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Melanogenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Novel (Z)-3-Benzyl-5-Benzylidene-2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-One Analogs
Authors: Park Hyeon Seo , Jung Hee Jin , Park Hye Soo , Kim Hye Jin , Park Yujin , Chun Pusoon , Chung Hae Young , Moon Hyung Ryong
Published: January 2025

To discover novel anti-melanogenic compounds with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, (Z)-3-benzyl-5-benzylidene-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one ((Z)-BBTT) analogs 1–12, designed based on the hybrid structure of a β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl motif and a 3-benzyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one scaffold, were synthesized as novel tyrosinase inhibitors. Of the 12 analogs, 2 (6 and 8) showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity similar to that of kojic acid, a representative tyrosinase inhibitor, and 3 analogs (1–3) exhibited mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity that was more potent than that of kojic acid. In particular, analog 3 revealed highly potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 90 nM, which was 214 times lower than that of kojic acid (IC50 value = 19.22 μM). A kinetic study using mushroom tyrosinase and analogs 1–3 and 6 demonstrated that these analogs were competitive inhibitors, which was further supported by in silico studies. Analogs 1 and 3 have strong anti-melanogenic potency in B16F10 mammalian cells owing to their anti-tyrosinase activity without perceptible cytotoxicity in melanoma cells (B16F10) and the main epidermal cells (HaCaT). Moreover, analog 3 exhibited strong antioxidant capacity, scavenging reactive oxygen species, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, partially contributing to its anti-melanogenic effect. (Z)-BBTT analogs, including analog 3, may be promising candidates for inhibiting melanin production.
Synthesis of Electrocatalytic Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles by High-Pressure and High-Temperature Treatment of Organotungsten Compounds
Authors: Tadokoro Taijiro , Sato Sota , Yamane Ichiro , Waizumi Hiroki , Yokokura Seiya , Shimada Toshihiro
Published: January 2025

Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon, which contains metal nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix, is becoming an important group of catalysts. We report the synthesis of tungsten carbide–carbon nanocomposites using a similar concept, i.e., by pyrolysis of organotungsten compounds under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. We characterized the product using various analytical techniques and examined its electrocatalytic activity. Two precursors, Bis(cyclopentadienyl)tungsten (IV) dichloride (Cp2WCl2) and Bis(cyclopentadienyl)tungsten (IV) dihydride (Cp2WH2) were pyrolyzed at 4.5 GPa and 600 °C. Tungsten carbide (β-WC1−x) crystals with a size of 2 nm embedded in graphitic carbon were formed from Cp2WH2-derived samples. Electrochemical measurements showed that all samples were active in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with the Cp2WH2-derived sample having the best catalytic performance.
Demonstration of Integrated Quasi-Vertical DMOS Compatible with the Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS Process Achieving Ultralow RON,sp
Authors: Lin Feng , Wu Tuanzhuang , Wang Weidong , Wang Zhengxuan , Zhang Yi , Li Sheng , Ye Ran , Zhang Long , Wei Jiaxing , Liu Siyang , Sun Weifeng
Published: January 2025

An integrated quasi-vertical double-diffused MOSFET (DMOS) with split-gate trench (SGT) structure (SGT-QVDMOS), whose specific ON-state resistance (RON,sp) breaks the traditional Si limit significantly, is proposed and fabricated. The measured data of the latest manufactured device is presented. By introducing the vertical gate poly, the split grounded source poly, and the asymmetric thick oxide in the gate trench, the traditional lateral drift region is folded in the SGT-QVDMOS. In this way, the device voltage withstanding mode transforms from one dimension to two dimensions, including the horizontal and the vertical directions. Combining the electric field modulation effect and the reduced lateral area, which benefit from the quasi-vertical structure, the forward conducting characteristic of the SGT-QVDMOS is effectively improved. According to the measured results from the SGT-QVDMOS manufactured by the 180 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, the ultralow ON-state resistance is obtained. The device achieves 1.9 V VTH, 11.07 mΩ∙mm2 RON,sp, and 48.6 V BV, which is 39.0% lower than the traditional Si limit.
Introduction of a Divergent Canine Parvovirus Type 2b Strain with a Dog in Sicily, Southern Italy, Through the Mediterranean Sea Route to Europe
Authors: Mira Francesco , Franzo Giovanni , Schirò Giorgia , Vicari Domenico , Purpari Giuseppa , Cannella Vincenza , Giudice Elisabetta , Trapani Martino , Carrozzo Anna , Spene Giada , Talarico Virginia , Guercio Annalisa
Published: January 2025

Despite over four decades since its emergence, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) remains a relevant disease for dogs. Few studies, primarily only recent ones based on phylodynamic and phylogeography approaches, have highlighted the impact of rapid and long-distance transport of dogs on the CPV-2 spreading dynamics. The present study reports the genomic characterization of a CPV-2 strain detected in a dog introduced into Italy from the coasts of North Africa through the Mediterranean Sea route to Europe. The nearly complete CPV-2 sequence was obtained and analyzed. The viral isolate was characterized as a CPV-2b variant, showing genetic signatures distinct from those of CPV-2 strains detected to date in Europe. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic approaches revealed a close correlation with CPV-2 strains recently reported in the Middle East (Turkey and Egypt), which likely originated or co-evolved from Asian ones. It is at least suggestive that the inferred spreading pattern overlaps with the routes often followed by migrants travelling from Asia and Middle East to Europe, passing through Africa. This evidence for the introduction of CPV-2 via the Mediterranean Sea route to Europe highlights the relevant role of the dog movements in the global spread of emerging or re-emerging viral pathogens.
Zoonotic and Qualitative Aspects of Raw Meat-Based Diets for Dogs in The Netherlands: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Corbee Ronald Jan , van Hoorn Patrick , Overgaauw Paul A. M.
Published: January 2025

Background: The Dutch branch organization for pet products promised the public that it will improve the quality of raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for dogs after several diagnoses of tuberculosis, brucellosis, and hyperthyroidism in dogs fed RMBDs. Objective: The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the risk factors of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs in The Netherlands. Methods: Seven commercial brands of RMBDs that were previously investigated were re-tested, as well as a newly introduced high-pressure processing (HPP) product. Raw beef sausage for humans was included for comparison. In total, 40 animal RMBDs (five batches per product) were tested for the presence of colony-forming units (CFUs), Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli directly after defrosting and 4 h later, as well as thyroid hormone. Results: Exceeded EU standards for CFUs and Salmonella bacteria were present in several samples. In the HPP product, bacteria were still present; however, the counts were lower. There were no differences in CFUs directly after defrosting and 4 h later. The human raw meat product was negative for bacteria. Thyroid hormone could be detected in 20 out of 37 samples. In seven of these samples, the levels were >0.75 µg/g, which have been associated with hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: The hygiene (including the use of HPP production) and accurate removal of thyroid tissue during the production of RMBDs still need attention to prevent the presence of zoonotic bacteria, high CFUs, and diet-induced hyperthyroidism.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Lagopsis supina Extract: Antioxidant, Adipogenic, and Ani-Inflammatory Effects
Authors: Choi Juhyun , Le Duc Dat , Roh Nayoung , Lee Jiseok , Shrestha Deumaya , Dinh Thientam , Truong Vinhquang , Bazarragchaa Badamtsetseg , Kim Soo-Yong , Suh Sung-Suk , Lee Mina , Seo Jong Bae
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Lagopsis supina, a traditional Chinese medicine valued for its diuretic properties, has limited research on its antioxidant, adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of Lagopsis supina extract (LSE). Methods: LSE was prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity, effects on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS)-based molecular networking was used to characterize its secondary metabolites. Results: LSE exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. It significantly enhanced the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes during early and intermediate stages by upregulating adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ, along with promoting cyclin E expression. LSE also increased PPARγ activity and the expression of its target genes, such as Glut 4, PEPCK, FABP4, and Plin2. Moreover, LSE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Chemical profiling revealed eight major compound groups: glycosides, organic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylglycosides, phenolics, fatty acids, and others characterized by their mass fragmentation patterns, precursors, and UV absorption spectra. In silico analysis confirmed these compounds’ bioactivities, demonstrating strong interactions and binding affinities with antioxidant, adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory protein targets. Conclusions: These findings highlight LSE’s triple therapeutic potential: antioxidant activity, adipogenesis promotion, and inflammation attenuation. LSE emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for managing obesity and related inflammatory complications.
Computational Evaluation of Improved HIPEC Drug Delivery Kinetics via Bevacizumab-Induced Vascular Normalization
Authors: Namakshenas Pouya , Crezee Johannes , Tuynman Jurriaan B. , Tanis Pieter J. , Oei Arlene L. , Kok H. Petra
Published: January 2025

Background: Oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) using the original 30 min protocol has shown limited benefits in patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer (PMCRC), likely due to the short duration, which limits drug penetration into tumor nodules. Bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic antibody that modifies the tumor microenvironment, may improve drug delivery during HIPEC. This in silico study evaluates the availability of oxaliplatin within tumor nodules when HIPEC is performed after bevacizumab treatment. Methods: Using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of HIPEC, the temperature and oxaliplatin distribution within the rat abdomen were calculated, followed by a model of drug transport within tumor nodules located at various sites in the peritoneum. The vascular normalization effect of the bevacizumab treatment was incorporated by adjusting the biophysical parameters of the tumor nodules. The effective penetration depth values, including the thermal enhancement ratio of cytotoxicity, were then compared between HIPEC alone and HIPEC combined with the bevacizumab treatment. Results: After bevacizumab treatments at doses of 0.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, the oxaliplatin availability increased by up to 20% and 45% when HIPEC was performed during the vascular normalization phase, with the penetration depth increasing by 1.5-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. Tumors with lower collagen densities and larger vascular pore sizes showed higher oxaliplatin enhancement after the combined treatment. Bevacizumab also enabled a reduction in the oxaliplatin dose (up to half at 5 mg/kg bevacizumab) while maintaining effective drug levels in the tumor nodules, potentially reducing systemic toxicity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that administering oxaliplatin-based HIPEC during bevacizumab-induced vascular normalization could significantly improve drug penetration and enhance treatment efficacy.