bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Failures of Rear Axle Housing
Authors: Khilare Sumit , Desai Sandeep , Sakle Nilesh
Published: August 2023

Abstract: A study of the mechanical system which is responsible for transferring power to the wheels and to bear the load of the vehicle, which is known as axle housing, is provided in the paper. Axle housing may fail for many reasons. The reasons which are responsible for the failure of the axle housing and corrective actions for failure are discussed in this paper. Some papers were studied related to the failure of axle housing and the summary of those papers is provided in this paper. The study in this paper highlights what kind of issues happen with the axle housing which lead to failure of the axle housing and how to tackle them.
Eating Habits, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Comparisons
Authors: Gaus O. V. , Livzan M. A.
Published: August 2023

Aim: to assess the level of stress hormones (cortisol in saliva), neurotransmitters (serotonin in blood serum, dopamine in blood plasma) in relation to eating habits, anxiety and depression levels in patients with IBS.

Materials and methods. An open cohort prospective study was conducted with the inclusion of 263 patients with an established diagnosis of IBS, among them 189 (71.9 %) women and 74 (28.1 %) men. The average age of patients with IBS was 29 [25; 35] years. The control group included 40 healthy volunteers. All individuals included in the study were assessed for diet and eating habits using the WHO CINDI program questionnaire, “Information on Nutrition and Eating Behavior”, the severity of anxiety and depression according to the HADS questionnaire, the level of specific anxiety in relation to gastrointestinal symptoms according to the VSI questionnaire, quality of life according to the IBS-QoL questionnaire. In addition, the enzyme immunoassay method was used to assess the levels of cortisol in the morning and evening portions of saliva, serotonin in the blood serum and dopamine in the blood plasma.

Results. Among patients with IBS there is a statistically significantly higher level of cortisol in the morning and evening portions of saliva (U = 19.5, p < 0.001 and U = 111.5, p < 0.001, respectively), serotonin in blood serum (U = 269.0, p = 0.042) and lower plasma dopamine levels (U = 93.5, p = 0.0002) compared with controls. The mean salivary cortisol level among patients with IBS was 45.39 [29.86; 70.10] ng/ml in the morning and 19.21 [13.98; 23.50] ng/ml in the evening, while in the group of healthy individuals it was 19.0 [16.5; 21.7] and 9.7 [8.5; 10.5] ng/ml, respectively. The average content of serotonin in blood serum in patients with IBS was 188.78 [150.41; 230.32] ng/ml, among healthy individuals — 142.80 [130.52; 154.15] ng/ml. The average content of dopamine in blood plasma in patients with IBS was 28.83 [20.08; 41.54] ng/ml, in healthy individuals — 58.20 [48.15; 66.62] ng/ml.

Conclusion. In patients with IBS the secretion of the stress hormone (cortisol) and neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine) is closely related to the nature of nutrition, the level of anxiety and depression, and is also associated with the clinical variant and severity of the course of the disease.
Risk Factors of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Different Child-Pugh Classes Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Nadinskaia M. Yu. , Kodzoeva Kh. B. , Gulyaeva K. A. , Khen M.-D. E. , Koroleva D. I. , Privalov M. A. , Tekaeva A. Kh. , Fedorov V. R. , Prokofev S. G.
Published: August 2023

Aim: to evaluate the frequency of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and build predictive models of the development of PVT for patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) of A and B/C classes by Child-Pugh.

Materials and methods. Research design is a case-control. The Case group included 130 patients with newly diagnosed PVT not caused by invasive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); 29 patients were assigned to class A, 101 patients were assigned to class B/C. From the database of cirrhotic patients without PVT 60 Controls for class A and 205 for B/C were selected using sratified randomization by sex, age and etiology of cirrhosis. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson's chi-squared test were used to compare the groups. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated. Logistic regression models are constructed with the separation of the sample into training and test (0.7; 0.3). The operational characteristics of the models were calculated on the test sample; ROC analysis was carried out, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated.

Results. The overall frequency of PVT was 4.1 % (95 % CI 2.7-5.8 %) in class A and 10.4 % (95 % CI 8.5-12.5 %) class B/C. Patients with class A and B/C PVT differed from the corresponding controls by more severe portal hypertension: the frequency of bleeding / number of interventions on varices compared with the control were 41/45 % vs. 7/8 % (p < 0.001) for class A and 25.7/30.7 % vs. 16.1/16.1 % (p < 0.05) for class B/C, ascites frequency was 24 % vs. 8 % (p < 0.05) for class A and 89.1 % vs. 68.3 % (p < 0.001) for class B/C. The cutoff by the portal vein diameter was the same for both classes — 13.4 mm; the spleen length was similar and amounted 17.5 mm for class A, 17.1 mm for class B/C. Patients with PVT differed from the corresponding controls by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: class A 2.33 (1.82; 3.61) vs. 1.76 (1.37; 2.20), p < 0.01, class B/C 2.49 (1.93; 3.34) vs. 2.15 (1.49; 3.26), p < 0.05. Patients of class B/C had a higher incidence of newly diagnosed malignant tumors - 23.8% (primarily HCC that does not invade the portal vein), compared with control and cases of class A - 6.3 % and 3 % (p < 0.05), respectively. The best model for class A included variceal bleeding, ascites, portal vein diameter, absolute number of neutrophils, for class B — ascites, spleen length, portal vein diameter, malignant tumors / local factors; sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC were 79.3 %, 90 %, 86.5 %, 0.897 and 73.3 %, 68.3 %, 69.9 %, 0.789, respectively.

Conclusion. Independently of the Child-Pugh class of LC, the main risk factor for PVT is severe portal hypertension.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Role of Ademetionine in Treatment
Authors: Shirokova Ye. N.
Published: August 2023

Aim: to evaluate features of intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) pathogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as role of ademetionine in treatment of this condition.

Key statements. NAFLD is the most frequent chronic diffuse liver disease. Increase in proportion of people with excess weight, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation leads to higher rates of NAFLD. Concomitant IHC is present in 30 % of NAFLD patients, while it is associated with more active disease course and possible worsening of prognosis. Impairment of adipocyte and hepatocyte metabolism, gut dysbiosis, and inherent factors are recognized as significant factors for NAFLD development. In NAFLD patients most of IHC cases are related to functional cholestasis. IHC in NAFLD is associated with increased risks of fibrosis and all-cause death. Ademetionine may restore transmethylation and improve rheologic properties of hepatocyte membranes in liver disease. In IHC patients treatment with ademetionine led to decreased serum bilirubin concentrations, as well as lowering of the liver transaminases' and alkaline phosphatase activities. At the same time improvement of symptoms severity, including itching, was noted. Taking into account the efficacy of ademetionine in IHC in NAFLD patients, its' use was included in the national clinical guidelines.

Conclusion. Use of ademetionine in NAFLD with concomitant IHC is feasible from pathogenesis perspective and may be effective in clinical practice.
Analisis Hasil DoS SYN Flood Attack Pada Web Server
Authors: Putra Gusti Kade Surya Aditya , Indrajid Fransesko , Andika Kadek Ferdy , Bramanda Kadek Karisma , Saskara I Gede Arna Jude , Listartha I Made Edy
Published: August 2023

abstract - The development of technology and information certainly has many good impacts on human life, but behind all this it turns out that this also has a bad impact. The ease of accessing information, besides making us quickly know all things that are good and useful, turns out to be just as fast as making someone aware of things that are not good that can disrupt people's welfare, for example regarding information on how to exploit security holes in using the internet. With the amount of information that has been spread regarding the use of security holes on the internet, now someone can easily learn so that he can launch an attack on the internet that can harm other people. One of the attacks that is currently easy to learn and use is the DoS (Denial of Service) Attack, due to the large amount of information that has been spread about how to use out this attack coupled with computers that are now increasingly sophisticated and the many tools that can be obtained easily and for free, so it is not surprising that we often see many attempts of this attack on the internet. Therefore, for educational purposes, a DoS attack simulation will be carried out in this study to find out how dangerous the impact of this attack is.abstrak - Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi tentunya membawa banyak dampak yang baik bagi kehidupan manusia tetapi dibelakang itu semua ternyata hal ini juga membawa dampak yang buruk. Kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi, selain membuat kita cepat tahu akan segala seuatu hal yang baik dan berguna ternyata sama cepatnya dengan membuat seseorang mengetahui hal-hal yang tidak baik yang dapat membuat kesejahteraan masyarakat terganggu, contohnya mengenai informasi cara mengekspoitasi celah keamanan dalam menggunakan internet. Dengan banyaknya informasi yang telah tersebar mengenai pemanfaatan celah keamanan di internet, maka sekarang seseorang dapat dengan mudah mepelajari hingga ia dapat melancarkan suatu serangan di internet yang bisa merugikan orang lain. Salah satu serangan yang saat ini dapat dengan mudah dipelajari dan digunakan ialah DoS (Denial of Service) Attack, dikarenakan banyaknya informasi yang telah tersebar mengenai cara melakukan serangan ini ditambah dengan komputer yang kini semakin canggih serta banyaknya tools yang bisa didapatkan dengan mudah dan gratis, maka tidak mengherankan jika kita sering melihat banyaknya percobaan serangan ini di internet. Oleh karena itu demi tujuan edukasi maka akan dilakukan simulasi serangan DoS pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui seberapa berbahaya dampak dari serangan ini.
Klasifikasi pada Citra Bunga dengan Ekstraksi Fitur Color Histogram
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Ghudafa Taufiq , Leidiyana Henny
Published: August 2023

Perbedaan ciri pada bunga menyebabkan perbedaan spesies bunga sehingga diperlukan pengetahuan untuk dapat mengklasifikasikannya. Bunga dapat dicirikan dari warnanya. Pada bunga dengan jenis yang sama bahkan bisa memiliki beberapa warna yang berbeda. Salah satu teknik untuk mendapatkan pola bisa dilakukan melalui ekstraksi fitur warna. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk melakukan ekstraksi citra dengan teknik color histogram. Penelitian yang menunjukkan efektifitas ekstraksi fitur warna sebelum melakukan klasifikasi sudah cukup banyak dilakukan. Color Histogram adalah teknik yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengekstraksi fitur warna dari suatu citra karena mewakili gambar dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Dataset yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan citra bunga dengan bentuk yang hampir sama yaitu sunflower, calendula, black eyed susan, common daisy. Pembuatan model klasifikasi terhadap jenis-jenis bunga tersebut menggunakan algoritma pembelajaran mesin Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine. Selanjutnya Penulis menggunakan Confusion Matrix untuk mengevaluasi model terlatih dan untuk menghasilkan skor akurasi menggunakan 10-fold cross validation. Skor akurasi tertinggi diperoleh dari model Random Forest sebesar 82%.
Prototipe Alat Obat Otomatis Covid 19 Pasien Berdasarkan Internet Of Things
Authors: Prasetya Rudi , Sulistiono Heru , Priambodo Caka Gatot
Published: August 2023

Pemanfaatan teknologi dituntut untuk menjawab perkembangan permasalahan yang terjadi di dunia yaitu dengan adanya wabah Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19), otomatisasi yang terintegrasi dengan bantuan koneksi internet atau lebih dikenal dengan IoT telah membantu banyak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Misalnya, memberi digunakan untuk memberikan obat kepada pasien Covid-19. Kontak dekat dengan pasien Covid 19 harus dihindari agar terjadi penularan sehingga pemberian obat kepada pasien menjadi masalah. Namun, hadirnya alat penghantar obat covid 19 otomatis menjadi solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Alat Penatalaksanaan Obat Covid 19 otomatis ini menggunakan basis pengontrol MCU ESP8266 yang terpasang modul WiFi. Dengan dua timbangan load cell yang terhubung dengan HX711 hasil pengujian load cell untuk menentukan pemberian obat menunjukkan tingkat akurasi 95,75% dan load cell kedua memiliki tingkat akurasi 96,85% dapat melihat berat wadah obat pasien dapat menjadi alat monitoring untuk obat yang diterima pasien. Perangkat ini juga dilengkapi dengan kamera pemantau yang menggunakan smartphone bekas dengan aplikasi Live-reporter yang memungkinkan pemilik untuk melihat situasi di sekitar perangkat dan pasien. Alat ini dikendalikan oleh aplikasi Blynk, yang menyediakan 4 widget untuk membantu kita melihat, mengubah waktu minum obat, melihat statistik pemberian obat, waktu dan tanggal pemberian obat terakhir, serta widget live streaming yang menampilkan video aktual dari kondisi perangkat dan semangat covid. Model penelitian ini mengadopsi model penelitian 4D Thiagarajan dengan tahapan define, design, develop, desseminate dan testing pada alat ini menggunakan metode pengujian black box dimana setiap komponen alat diuji satu persatu agar alat dapat berfungsi dengan baik.
Naïve Bayes Classifier untuk Klasifikasi Cacat Biji Kopi Berdasarkan Warna dan Tekstur
Authors: Putra I Kadek Nurcahyo , Suari Gusti Ayu Made Sri
Published: August 2023

Pemilahan cacat biji kopi merupakan proses yang sangat penting untuk menjaga serta meningkatkan kualitas produksi, melihat kopi sebagai salah satu komoditas paling penting yang diperjual belikan. Penulis ingin meminimalisir kesalahan klasifikasi oleh manusia yang subjektif dengan mengimplementasi metode Naive Bayes untuk melakukan klasifikasi cacat biji kopi secara objektif. Biji kopi difoto sehingga menghasilkan citra biji kopi, ruang warna HSV digunakan untuk melakukan ekstraksi ciri warna biji, dan tekstur biji kopi diekstrak dengan metode GLCM. Pengujian terhadap model klasifikasi yang dibangun dengan 68 data latih menghasilkan akurasi 94.44% berdasarkan 36 data uji. Hasil akurasi menunjukkan ketika ada 36 data uji maka 2 data salah diklasifikasi atau ketika ada 100 data uji maka 5 hingga 6 biji akan salah diklasifikasi oleh model. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk melakukan pengamatan yang lebih dalam untuk mendapatkan fitur ciri yang dapat merepresentasikan perbedaan cacat pada biji dengan lebih representative, serta membandingkan metode klasifikasi Naive Bayes dengan metode klasifikasi lain untuk mendapatkan model klasifikasi yang lebih baik di masa depan.
Legislation, Reaction and Ecological Degradation: An Eco-Critical Analysis of John Grisham’s The Appeal
Authors: S Preethika , Sivasubramaniam Chitra
Published: August 2023

We are witnessing environmental degradation on a massive scale. Popular reactions to the devastation of our natural surroundings are a ubiquitous image in newscasts everywhere, and yet nations and institutions seem unable to cohere around programs to stop the looming disaster. American author John Grisham, an attorney by profession, elaborates on this issue in his novel The Appeal (2008). Grisham meticulously describes the human tragedy of a degrading bio-region and provides insights into the gradual process of contemporary environmental litigation. Grisham provides a panoramic view on the lives of people in Cary County, the place where a corporate toxic waste dump has caused massive groundwater pollution. The use of polluted drinking water destroys many lives and creates the worst cancer cluster in history. Plaintiff Jeannette Baker, along with her suffering neighbours, seeks justice through legal means against the corporate companies for the loss of life caused by corporate interests. The author makes us witnesses to the long judicial process that gathers a motley group of people with conflicting interests: victims, local authorities, and corporation representatives. They come together to analyse and acknowledge their role in the process of environmental devastation.
Television as a Tool of Memory and Identity in Khaled Hosseini’s Novels
Authors: Meena Priya
Published: August 2023

Globalization epitomizes the convergence of diverse cultures, economies, and communities on a worldwide scale, engendering the exchange of ideas, technology, inventions, and import and export services across nations and societies. Technology, as a pivotal agent, assumes a vital role in building bridges among the global economies by overcoming information disparities and thereby empowering people. Specifically, television, a very influential medium, assumes the function of capturing, collating, and disseminating personal and cultural memories. Its significance is especially pronounced in the context of Khaled Hosseini’s literary works, The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns, where television’s role as a tool for constructing memories and shaping the identities of the characters is scrutinized. The ramifications of the Taliban’s television ban are examined in this paper, highlighting how this drastic measure has significantly impacted the nation’s culture.
Impact of Broken Homes on Children’s Psychology in Indian Writing in English
Authors: Singla Priyanka
Published: August 2023

Indian Writing in English has emerged as a significant genre of literature, reflecting the complexities of Indian society and culture. One significant theme explored in this genre is the impact of broken homes on child psychology. Indian Writing in English has been successful in portraying the devastating effects of broken homes on children. This paper will discuss the importance of the portrayal of the impact of broken homes on child psychology in Indian Writing in English. The portrayal provides an insightful view of the psychological and emotional challenges faced by children living in such situations. In contemporary Indian society, divorce and breakups are still considered taboo subjects, and children of such homes are often stigmatized. However, Indian English literature provides a platform for these stories to be told, giving a voice to the silent victims of such circumstances. Its portrayal of the impact of broken homes on child psychology brings forward the notion of resilience and hope in children amid adversity. The books depict the children’s struggles to cope with the separation of their parents, to adapt to new family dynamics, and find their identities. The character development and struggles of such children can be particularly inspiring to readers who have faced similar situations.
The Poetics of Borderlands: Reflections on Oral Folk Poetry from Assam’s Barak Valley during Bangladesh Liberation War
Authors: Acharjee Sushrita
Published: August 2023

In 1971, the civil war in the Pakistani state and consequent genocide in present Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) led to a great influx of refugees who were desperately crossing the porous borderlands of the eastern states of India. Despite the abject living conditions in the saturated refugee camps and the stringent regimentation of the youth camps and muktijoddhā (Liberation Warrior) training sectors in West Bengal, Tripura and Assam borderlands, the space inhabited by the refugees was charged with powerful national imaginaries laced with an eclectic blend of emotions – resistance, hope, nostalgia, desire, aspiration. Drawing on ethnographic and anthropological research, the essay aims to explore various folk forms of poetry which emerged out of these refugee camps and guerrilla army training sectors during the war, such as kabigān (a form of lyrical oral poetry where the poet spontaneously composes verses to be performed at a public gathering) or hāture kabitā (poems to be read aloud in the middle of a hāt or marketplace) written and performed by refugees from Assam’s Barak Valley in North-East India, and later collected by Bangladeshi historian Shahid Quader Chowdhury. Besides problematising aesthetic practices and their relationship to the idea of border-crossing, refugeehood and national identities, to what extent do these poems – loka kabitā or oral folk poetry, open up a discursive space where shared cultures, histories and memories play a momentous role in political mobilisation and in the creation of a radical alterity within the “national” culture and history? To what extent do these aesthetic registers succeed in combating the irrepresentability of violence, injustice and trauma? These are primarily the questions that this essay aims to ask and resolve.
Gardening as Activism: Cultivating Human Minds in A Gardener in Wasteland
Authors: Sen Arundhati
Published: August 2023

Jotiba Phule’s Gulamgiri (1873), which is widely translated as Slavery, equates casteism with slavery. His book carefully deconstructs the Vedic scriptures, which make up the largest chunk of central religious texts in Hinduism, in order to expose the latent hypocrisy and the conspiracy of Brahminical ideology to dominate a section of society. Gulamgiri was the radical manifesto of the social reform society called Satyasodhak Samaj, founded by Phule in 1873 along with his wife Savitribai Phule. Aparajita Ninan and Srividya Natarajan’s graphic novel A Gardener in the Wasteland: Jotiba Phule’s Fight for Liberty (2011), by revisiting Jotiba Phule’s ground-breaking text Gulamgiri, examines the contemporaneity and the continuity of caste issues and thus attempts a conversation between the past and the present historical reality of casteism. The present study focuses on the centrality of the metaphor of the garden in highlighting the gravity of the caste problem and its larger implications in the lives of India’s marginalised Dalit community. By focusing on the physical aspects of gardening, this paper touches upon Dalit eco-literary concerns and brings to the fore the role of labour that defines the relationship between Dalit bodies and nature. It also aims to capture Natarajan and Ninan’s contribution to Phule’s task of metaphorical gardening, thus becoming co-gardeners in distant time and space.
Unveiling the relationship between Lilium regale and L. leucanthum for breeding new lily cultivars
Authors: Zhu Ziyu , Sun Yanni , Liu Siyu , Peng Mingzhu , Zhou Shujun
Published: August 2023

It is important to know the relationship between different species in
plant breeding. Lilium regale is the key source to breeding modern
Trumpet (T) and Oriental-Trumpet (OT) lilies; however, L. leucanthum has
not been reported for breeding modern lily cultivars though it has some
good horticultural traits, and it belongs to the same section as L.
regale. In order to unveil the affiliation between L. regale and L.
leucanthum, the present research compared their stomata and
photosynthesis, made hybridization between them using normal pollination
and cut style pollination, and analyzed them and their hybrids through
fluorescein in situ hybridization (FISH) and random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results showed that, except for their
stomate size, other characteristics of stomate and photosynthesis were
similar; they had indiscriminate FISH karyotypes and were highly
crossable; and most PAPD fragment bands were quite similar except that a
few bands were species-specific. We concluded: L. regale and L.
leucanthum could considered a biological species though they are two
morphologically taxonomic species, therefore, L. leucanthum could be
used in breeding new Trumpet and Oriental-Trumpet lilies as L. regale.
Prescribing transport equation solution's decay via multiplicity manifold and autoregressive boundary control
Authors: BOUSSAADA Islam , Ammari Kaïs , Niculescu Silviu , Tliba Sami
Published: August 2023

This paper addresses the boundary control problem of the transport
equation. Namely, we propose a control method, which is merely a delayed
output feedback relying on a partial pole placement idea, that consists
in assigning an appropriate exponential decay rate to the closed-loop
system’s solution. The proposed control structure appearing in the
transport boundary, which has proven its effectiveness in controlling
finite dimensional systems, consists of an autoregressive relation
linking the transport equation’s input and output. The obtained result
provides an analytical lower bound for the solution’s exponential decay.
Graph Neural Networks for Traffic Prediction and Smart City Applications
Authors: Neyigapula Bheema Shanker
Published: August 2023

With the growing urbanization and increasing traffic challenges in smart
cities, accurate traffic prediction has become a critical component for
efficient urban planning and intelligent transportation systems. This
research paper explores the application of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)
for traffic prediction and its implications in various smart city
applications. GNNs offer a promising approach to model the complex
relationships and interactions inherent in traffic networks, making them
well-suited for traffic prediction tasks. The paper presents a
comprehensive literature review on traffic prediction techniques,
highlighting the evolution of GNNs in this domain. Furthermore, a
proposed framework outlines the steps involved in designing and
implementing GNN models for traffic prediction in smart cities. The
performance evaluation and comparison section demonstrates the
effectiveness of GNNs against traditional methods, emphasizing their
accuracy and interpretability. Several case studies showcase real-world
implementations of GNNs in smart city applications, such as urban
planning, intelligent transportation systems, and real-time traffic
management. Finally, the research paper discusses the challenges and
future directions in leveraging GNNs for traffic prediction and smart
city advancement.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase regulates membrane biogenesis and hepatic merozoite formation in Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Mishra Satish , Narwal Sunil , Mishra Akancha , Ghosh Ankit , Choudhary Hadi
Published: August 2023

Plasmodium is an obligate intracellular parasite that requires
intense lipid synthesis for membrane biogenesis and survival. One of the
principal membrane components is oleic acid, which is required to
maintain the membrane’s biophysical properties and fluidity. The malaria
parasite Plasmodium can modify fatty acids, and stearoyl-CoA
Δ9-desaturase (Scd) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of oleic
acid by desaturation of stearic acid. Scd is dispensable in P.
falciparum blood stages; however, its role in mosquito and liver stages
remains unknown. We show that P. berghei Scd localizes to the ER
in the blood and liver stages. Disruption of Scd in the rodent
malaria parasite P. berghei did not affect parasite blood stage
propagation, mosquito stage development, or early liver stage
development. However, when scd KO sporozoites were inoculated
intravenously or by mosquito bite into mice, they failed to initiate
blood-stage infection. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that
organelle biogenesis was impaired and merozoite formation was abolished,
which normally initiates blood-stage infections. Genetic complementation
of the KO parasites restored merozoite formation to a level similar to
that of WT parasites. Mice immunized with Scd KO sporozoites
confer long-lasting sterile protection against infectious sporozoite
challenge. Thus, the Scd KO parasite is an appealing candidate
for inducing protective preerythrocytic immunity.
Editorial: There's an AI for that
Authors: Concannon Fiona , Costello Eamon , Farrell Orna , Farrelly Tom , Graves Wolf Leigh
Published: August 2023

In recent months, the educators and higher education institutions have responded with concern, critique, and hope, to the rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI)’s unregulated and mounting influence. Following the period of emergency remote teaching, and the great ‘snapback’ (Jandrić et al., 2022), yet another new concern has emerged, promising to revolutionise education, or threaten its existence. The gravity of the situation has reverberated across the system, as wizardry of predictive pattern recognition fundamentally threatens the validity of long-held practices of summative assessments including essays, and online quizzes. This latest quandary/crisis shows no sign of abating, as venture capitalist funding and language modelling datasets grow. The technology becomes more deeply integrated into word processing, and cloud-based applications through which much of our academic labour is conducted. Understanding and conceptualising new technology within education has long been a necessity, as we wrestle with wrangling tools into our human interactions. Higher education’s relationship with edtech has always been characterised by a cyclical response to disruptive external influences of evolving technology, whose recent developments are often underpinned by neoliberal values of competition, efficiency, market-based solutions, and the privatisation of software platforms. Recent large language model developments are proving no different, with deregulation and the free market serving as the impetus to design and create such tools. Across higher education, educators scramble to decode the GenAI black box, deciphering hallucinations, confabulations, and smooth outputs indistinguishable from original student work. Policy responses range along a continuum of ban or embrace. New AI literacies are being woven into curricula, as change continues apace. 2023 marks a year of existential crisis precipitated by a global pandemic, followed by geopolitical events and a fatigue from the continual adaptation to a new normal. Even within, we are constantly shaping our educational systems. That pull is in many different directions – to accredit, to certify, to help learners become, to socialise, to emancipate, to measure - to meet very diverse purposes and aims. The politics and power structures inherent in our system further affect our response (Kuhn et al., 2023).  While the potential of AI chatbots based on natural language processing models is undeniable, it is crucial to discern the reality from the hype and to better understand how our actions and responses are shaping our educational systems in this evolving domain. This editorial examines this dilemma further, to consider the impact on our scholarship of teaching and learning and how we as a community of researchers and educators respond.
Interleukin-17 and - 23 Inhibitors Associated with Direct Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Psoriasis: Results from a Register Study
Authors: Svedbom Axel , Ståhle Mona
Published: August 2023

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Cutaneous Adnexal Adenocarcinoma: Genomic Analysis and Successful HER2-targeted Therapy of Metastatic Disease
Authors: Hirano-Lotman Yui , Ishida Yoshihiro , Endo Yuichiro , Ogawa Seishi , Kabashima Kenji
Published: August 2023

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Análisis de la producción de almidón de Canna edulis ker como alternativa en zonas marginales de cultivos de café
Authors: Caicedo Guillermo Edmundo , Ortiz Avilez Juan David , Valderrama Lopez Christian Felipe
Published: August 2023

La expansión agrícola de cultivos tradicionales a través de monocultivos está ocasionando que se realicen prácticas poco sostenibles, deteriorando la calidad de los suelos y reduciendo el rendimiento de las cosechas. La presente investigación realizó un análisis de sostenibilidad sobre la especie Canna edulis ker (Achira) como alternativa de producción en zonas marginales de café, utilizando como estudio de caso el municipio de Garzón – Huila. Se desarrolló y aplicó una encuesta semicuantitativa a los diferentes actores de la cadena productiva de la achira, con el propósito de evaluar aspectos asociados al sistema de producción. Se encontró un uso de la especie Canna edulisker en gran parte de los terrenos identificados, así, como que la variedad morada (93,3%) es la más cultivada. Aquellos que siembran en zonas marginales y realizan fertilización orgánica (63%), están obteniendo en promedio 2898 kg por hectárea. La especie Canna edulis ker tiene un gran potencial en el uso de cultivos mixtos, especialmente en las zonas marginales, ya que esta especie tiene un alto potencial para preservar suelos, retener humedad y controlar las malezas
Percepciones del paisaje, una mirada de la belleza escénica en el paisaje cultural cafetero de Risaralda (Colombia)
Authors: Ramírez Arias Sebastián
Published: August 2023

A pesar de no considerarse como un atributo patrimonial del paisaje cultural cafetero, la bellezaescénica de este territorio es parte fundamental del sentido de lugar que identifica a sus pobladores.Sin embargo, este paisaje no cuenta con estudios sistemáticos orientados a informar sobre susatributos visuales y cómo estos son percibidos por los sujetos. Por lo tanto, el trabajo reporta losresultados de una encuesta que buscó relacionar la belleza escénica percibida por los participantescon atributos referidos en la literatura como predictores de preferencia, evaluando los niveles demantenimiento, complejidad y naturalidad de 20 cuencas visuales correspondientes a áreasdeclaradas como patrimonio de la humanidad por la UNESCO en once municipios del departamentode Risaralda, Colombia. El estudio encontró que el atributo visual con mayor poder explicativo es elmantenimiento, representado en el paisaje por signos de cuidado, geometrías definidas, texturassuaves y formas diferenciables. Esta preferencia se explica a partir de la similitud de las cuencasvisuales con la imagen idealizada del paisaje cafetero, resaltando la necesidad de investigacionessubsiguientes que den cuenta de los atributos visuales asociados con los valores naturales delpaisaje, como medio para definir orientaciones de gestión patrimonial del paisaje que puedantrascender el canon estético establecido.
From Child–Animal Relations to Multispecies Assemblages and Other-Than-Human Childhoods
Authors: Tammi Tuure , Hohti Riikka , Rautio Pauliina
Published: August 2023

This article discusses how childhood studies could be enriched with a focus on child–animal relations, multispecies assemblages and other-than-human childhoods. First, research on child–animal relations prior to, and at, the animal turn is presented. It is argued that the dominant utilitarian and adult-centered views respond poorly to the significance children themselves see in their relations with other-than-human animals. The article then moves on to the concept of multispecies assemblages. Viewing childhoods as multispecies from the outset allows one to draw attention to the specific and situated relationalities amidst natural, cultural, technological, economic, and political forces. Finally, attention is drawn to other-than-human childhoods. The differences, hierarchies, connections and unequal possibilities that arise from being born and growing up as a member of a distinct species amidst societal processes are discussed. Additionally, childhood is suggested to be an important concept through which to give detail, specificity, and a critical edge to the work of multispecies research.
Immigrant Parents’ Experiences of Child Welfare Assessment Processes in Child Maltreatment Cases: Implications for Trust
Authors: Terrefe Tesfahun Alemayehu
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this article is to contribute to an in-depth understanding of how immigrant parents’ experiences of the child welfare assessment process shape their trust in the Norwegian child welfare services (CWS). The study is based on qualitative data generated through semi-structured interviews with six immigrant parents who have previous or ongoing contact with the CWS. The study finds that the parents’ experiences of the child welfare assessment process influence their trust in the CWS in a variety of ways, with the central themes being: (1) interactions with child welfare workers; (2) transparency and (un)predictability of the process and outcome; and (3) the risk-oriented, problem-focused and adversarial nature of the assessments. Whilst the parents’ positive experiences of the assessment process are associated with trust, their ambivalent and negative experiences are related to mistrust and distrust in the services respectively.
Monetary Transmission through Bank Securities Portfolios
Authors:   Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Krainer John R. , Paul Pascal ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: August 2023

We study the transmission of monetary policy through bank securities portfolios for the United States using granular supervisory data on bank securities, hedging positions, and corporate credit. We find that banks that experienced larger market value losses on their securities during the monetary tightening cycle in 2022 extended relatively less credit to firms. Such a spillover effect was stronger for (i) available-for sale securities, (ii) unhedged securities, (iii) low-capitalized banks, and (iv) banks that have to include unrealized gains and losses on their available-for-sale securities in their regulatory capital. Our findings provide evidence for a forceful transmission channel of monetary policy that is shaped by the regulatory framework of the banking system.
Incorporating Diagnostic Expectations into the New Keynesian Framework
Authors:   Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, L’Huillier Jean-Paul , Singh Sanjay R. ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Yoo Donghoon ,   Academia Sinica
Published: August 2023

Diagnostic expectations constitute a realistic behavioral model of inference. This paper shows that this approach to expectation formation can be productively integrated into the New Keynesian framework. Diagnostic expectations generate endogenous extrapolation in general equilibrium. We show that diagnostic expectations generate extra amplification in the presence of nominal frictions; a fall in aggregate supply generates a Keynesian recession; fiscal policy is more effective at stimulating the economy. We perform Bayesian estimation of a rich medium-scale model that incorporates consensus forecast data. Our estimate of the diagnosticity parameter is in line with previous studies. Moreover, we find empirical evidence in favor of the diagnostic model. Diagnostic expectations offer new propagation mechanisms to explain fluctuations.
The Financial Origins of Non-Fundamental Risk
Authors:   Bank of Canada, Acharya Sushant , Dogra Keshav ,   Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Singh Sanjay R. ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: August 2023

We formalize the idea that the financial sector can be a source of non-fundamental risk. Households' desire to hedge against price volatility can generate price volatility in equilibrium, even absent fundamental risk. Fearing that asset prices may fall, risk-averse households demand safe assets from leveraged intermediaries, whose issuance of safe assets exposes the economy to self-fulfilling fire sales. Policy can eliminate nonfundamental risk by (i) increasing the supply of publicly backed safe assets, through issuing government debt or bailing out intermediaries, or (ii) reducing the demand for safe assets, through social insurance or by acting as a market maker of last resort.
Currency Areas, Labor Markets, and Regional Cyclical Sensitivity
Authors:   UC Davis, Russ Katheryn N. , Shambaugh Jay C. ,   George Washington University, Singh Sanjay R. ,   Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
Published: August 2023

In his papers during the lead up to the birth of the European Monetary Union, Obstfeld considered whether the countries forming the EMU were sufficiently similar to survive a single monetary policy--and more importantly, whether they had the capacity to adjust to asymmetric shocks given a single monetary and exchange rate policy. The convention at the time was to take the United States as the baseline for a smoothly functioning currency union. We document the evolution of the literature on regional labor market adjustment within the United States, expanding on stylized facts illustrating how stratification in local labor market outcomes appears far more persistent today than 30 years ago in the context of what Obstfeld and Peri (1998) call non-adjustment in unemployment rates. We then extend the currency union literature by adding an additional consideration: differences in regional cyclical sensitivity. Using measures of cyclicality and Obstfeld-Peri-type non-adjustment, we explore the characteristics of places that can get left behind when local labor markets respond differently to national shocks and discuss implications for policy.
Efikasi Ekstrak Air dan Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Patogen Alternaria solani secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Authors: Erawati Alfira Dewi , Yulia Endah , Dono Danar
Published: August 2023

Penyakit bercak daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Alternaria solani merupakan penyakit penting pada tomat. Alternaria solani mampu menginfeksi tanaman tomat pada setiap fase pertumbuhan tanaman sejak dari benih, bibit hingga fase generative pada hampir setiap musim tanam. Pengendalian penyakit bercak daun umum dilakukan dengan menggunakan pestisida sintetik namun aplikasi yang tidak bijaksana dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi lingkungan. Pemanfaatan pestisida nabati dapat menjadi alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Tanaman kelor merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi dalam menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen karena mengandung senyawa antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan ekstrak air dan pupuk organik cair (POC) daun kelor dalam menghambat pertumbuhan A. solani serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi dan rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor dari bulan Januari-April 2023. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Pengujian pengaruh ekstrak air daun kelor terhadap A. solani dilakukan menggunakan metode makanan beracun dan pengujian pengaruh ekstrak dan POC daun kelor dengan metode perlakuan benih dan aplikasi pada tanah dan tanaman. Perlakuan berupa lima konsentrasi ekstrak 1-5%, kontrol dan fungisida propineb 0,25% serta aplikasi POC konsentrasi 5 ml/l pada pengujian in vivo. Hasil penelitian in vitro menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 2-5% menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur A. solani mencapai 46,8% dan menyebabkan malformasi hifa jamur A. solani. Hasil penelitian in vivo menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kelor 5% + POC mampu menekan kejadian penyakit hingga 77,8% serta meningkatkan vigor bibit tanaman tomat dengan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih tinggi, jumlah daun yang lebih banyak serta bobot basah bibit yang lebih besar.
ANALYSIS OF LEAD WASTE ABSORPTION (Pb) WITH ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADSORBENT FROM PALM SHELL
Authors: SURYANINGSIH SRI
Published: August 2023

Some industries, especially the textile industry in general, use textile dyes containing lead heavy metals (Pb). Lead is a metal that is neurotoxin (toxic to the nervous system) and is accumulative because of its stable nature and has a long half-life, and it can be harmful to the environment and needs to be filtered using adsorbent. This study aims to find out the absorption of activated charcoal palm shell as adsorbent to eliminate lead waste. The method used by varying the concentration of  and KOH activator solutions with concentrations of 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. Batch method is done to mix activated charcoal into Pb solution with variation of contact time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and AAS ((Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) tests are conducted to find out the pore area and absorption. SEM test results showed that the best activator is KOH with a concentration of 40% compared to activators with the largest average pore area of 31.755 micrometer. AAS test results obtained the most absorption of 98.59% by activated charcoal KOH 30% at a contact time of 60 minutes.Keywords: adsorption, activators, palm shells, Pb acetate
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT BANTU PEMBELAJARAN GERAK JATUH BEBAS BERBASIS TIMER ARDUINO
Authors: MUSLIM AZIS
Published: August 2023

Rancang bangun alat bantu pembelajaran gerak jatuh bebas berbasis timer arduino ini bertujuan untuk membantu pembelajar melakukan eksperimen gerak jatuh bebas dan menampilkan hasilnya dalam PC (Personal Computer). Penampilan hasil di PC berupa grafis hubungan kuadrat antara waktu dan jarak tempuh, serta perhitungan nilai percepatan gravitasi. Rancang bangun alat menggunakan ficket fence sebagai obyek benda jatuh, infrared phototransistor sebagai sensor dan arduino uno/nano sebagai interface ke PC. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan meliputi pengembangan perangkat lunak arduino menggunakan ide arduino dan pengembangan perangkat lunak PC menggunakan C# Visual Studio. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan secara statistik nilai koefisien korelasi regresi linear untuk kurva fitting parabola sebesar 0.9906 hal ini memperlihatkan hubungan yang kuat antara variable waktu (t) dan variabel posisi (x) dalam penelitian. Rata-rata estimasi nilai percepatan gravitasi adalah sebesar 9.828 m/s2, masih dalam rentang nilai 9,78 m/s2 - 9,83 m/s2 data percepatan gravitasi bumi.
STUDI SIFAT ADSORPSI ZnO DAN TiO2 DALAM LARUTAN METILEN BIRU
Authors: ISLAMI INOVASARI
Published: August 2023

ZnO dan TiO2 merupakan oksida logam semikonduktor tipe-n yang umum digunakan sebagai bahan fotokatalis. ZnO memiliki mobilitas elektron tinggi, nilai energi gap 3,7 eV, namun memiliki luas permukaan lebih rendah dibandingkan TiO2. TiO2  memiliki luas permukaan kontak yang tinggi, energi gap 3,2 eV, namun memiliki mobilitas elektron lebih rendah dibandingkan ZnO. Kedua bahan ini memiliki sifat adsorpsi sebelum bekerja sebagai bahan fotokatalis. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dipelajari lebih lanjut sifat adsorpsi senyawa ZnO dan TiO2. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencampurkan 25 mg pada 2,9 ppm larutan metilen biru (MB). Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi gelap selama 3 hari untuk tiap bahan, larutan MB diamati setiap 6  jam hingga 72 jam. Beberapa karakterisasi dilakukan, antara lain XRD (X-ray Diffraction) untuk mengetahui informasi struktur bahan, UV-Vis (Ultraviolet Visible) untuk mengukur absorbansi metilen biru sebelum dan sesudah adsorpsi. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) untuk mengamati morfologi sampel, dan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi dalam suatu senyawa. Dari hasil penelitian, TiO2 memiliki sifat adsorpsi yang lebih tinggi pada jam ke 30 dibandingkan dengan ZnO, hal ini karena karakteristik permukaan dan morfologi partikel karena TiO2 memiliki luas permukaan yang lebih besar, meskipun ZnO juga dapat mengadsorbsi MB terbukti dari karakterisasi FT-IR.