bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soybean oversowing with Urochloa brizantha and Panicum maximum and the straw formation in a no-tillage system
Authors: Correia Núbia Maria , Gomes Leonardo José Petean
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the soybean oversowing with braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) and colonião (Panicum maximum cv. Aruana) and the capacity of these forage crops to produce dry mass during the fall-winter-spring period. Two experiments, one for each forage species, were conducted in field conditions in the 2011/2012 season and were repeated in 2012/2013. The experimental set-up was arranged in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 2 x 5 factorial. The soybean oversowing was studied in the development stages R6 and R8 (2011/2012) or R5 and R8 (2012/2013) with braquiarão or colonião grass in five seed amounts (200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 points of cultural value – PCV = seeds amount x culture value). In both seasons, the braquiarão oversowing at soybean stages R5 and R6 resulted in higher dry mass production, when compared to stage R8. Additionally, the amount of 600 seeds PCV was sufficient to obtain an excellent percentage of soil cover (>95%), in addition to the satisfactory number of plants per m2 and the dry mass production. On the other hand, independent of the soybean development stage in the oversowing moment, colonião was not promising for use in this sowing type because its low stand and irregular soil covering, even at the higher seed amounts.
Physiological, biochemical, and nutritional parameters of wheat treated with a fungicide and foliar fertilizer
Authors: Marques Leandro Nascimento , Balardin Ricardo Silveiro , Stefanello Marlon Tagliapietra , Pezzini Daniela Tamara , Gulart Caroline Almeida , Ramos Juliano Perlin de , Farias Júlia Gomes
Published: July 2016

Agronomic improvements in grain yield and quality of wheat crops could be obtained through the application of strategies, such as using foliar fungicides with fertilizers, to protect the leaves against pathogens and delay senescence during grain filling. However, few studies have reported the effect of these practices on wheat, although these treatments could represent a new method of increasing wheat production and profits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar fertilizer, applied alone or in combination with a fungicide, on the photochemical, biochemical, and nutritional parameters of wheat plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a 2 × 3 factorial design (fungicide × foliar fertilizer) with four replications. The fungicide treatment used was azoxystrobin + cyproconazole + mineral oil; the control was left untreated. The foliar fertilizer was used at two different rates, and the control was not treated. Plants were sprayed at the GS29/GS30, GS45, and GS60 growth stages, and the plants were assessed ten days after the last spray. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and electron transport rate were positively influenced by fertilizer. Fertilizer spraying significantly increased the leaf pigment content (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids) and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in flag leaves. When used in mixture, the fertilizer mitigates the stresses generated by the fungicide.
Biomechanical evaluation of two extracapsular techniques for cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction in cadaver dogs
Authors: Oda Sam Golgy Shoyama , Souza Alexandre Navarro Alves , Pereira Cesar Augusto Martins , Escobar Andrés Sebastian Aristizabal , Tartarunas Angélica Cecilia , Matera Julia Maria
Published: July 2016

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is one of the most important orthopedic conditions in dogs, leading to joint instability, pain, osteoarthritis and eventually to meniscal injuries. Several surgical techniques have been described to reestablish joint stability following CCLR, including extracapsular procedures. This study compared the biomechanical effects of two extracapsular stabilization techniques (lateral fabello-tibial suture – LFTS, and modified retinacular imbrication technique – MRIT) using nylon leader line following experimental CCLR in cadaver dogs. Twenty canine cadaveric stifles were used. Joint stiffness, cranial and caudal tibial displacement were evaluated in 4 different experimental scenarios: intact stifle, stifle with CCLR, CCLR treated with lateral fabello-tibial suture (LFTS), and CCLR treated with modified retinacular imbrication technique (MRIT). Results: Mean cranial tibial displacement increased progressively from intact to MRIT, LFTS and CCRL stifles. MRIT resulted in less caudal drawer motion than LFTS. Joint stiffness did not differ significantly between LFTS and MRIT treated stifles. Conclusion: LFTS and MRIT increase joint stability but MRIT is more effective; however none of the techniques studied was able to restore original intact stifle stiffness. Clinical implications of the results presented remain to be determined but kinetic gait analysis studies are warranted to determine whether this biomechanical advantage translates into improved hind limb function in dogs.
Bacteria isolated from abscesses of small ruminants inspected in the semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: Silva Wellington Erasmo Lima e , Gouveia Gisele Veneroni , Sá Maria da Conceição Aquino de , Gouveia João José De Simoni , Peixoto Rodolfo De Moraes , Riet-Correa Franklin , Veschi Josir Laine Aparecida , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da
Published: July 2016

Loss in the supply chain of small ruminants owing to condemnations of carcasses in the abattoirs and slaughterhouses is common in northeastern Brazil. This study aims to identify bacterial agents, including Mycobacterium spp., in the abscesses found in the postmortem analysis of the carcasses of sheep and goats bred in northeastern Brazil. Our analysis involved 679 goats and 1,838 sheep carcasses. Abscess samples were extracted and inoculated on blood agar and Lowenstein Jensen with pyruvate or glycerol for bacterial isolation. We then performed polymerase chain reaction of the hps 65 gene; samples positive for Mycobacterium spp. were subjected to DNA sequencing. Relative frequencies of abscesses in goats and sheep were 5.44 and 3.26%, respectively. Microbiological analysis revealed 87.7% bacterial growth in the inoculated samples. Among these, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis represented 67.7% of the isolates. We observed 1.9% mycobacteria growth in the abscess samples inoculated on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. PCR of DNA extracted from abscesses samples showed amplification of 0.9% of samples. After sequencing, Mycobacterium spp. isolate was identified as M. novocastrense. C. pseudotuberculosis was the main agent responsible for the formation of abscesses in the examined animals, and we did not identify any species of the M. tuberculosis complex in the examined small ruminants.
Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona
Authors: Oliveira Hellenn Cardoso , Garcia Rasmo , Almeida Vitor Visintin Silva de , Oliveira Aline Cardoso , Pires Aureliano José Vieira , Nascimento Filho Carlos Souza , Veloso Cristina Mattos , Silva Robério Rodrigues , Oliveira Ueslei Leonardo Cardoso
Published: July 2016

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.
Morphogenesis in pastures of Coastcross-1 and Tifton 85 mixed with forage peanut, submitted to cutting management
Authors: Ziech Magnos Fernando , Olivo Clair Jorge , Ziech Ana Regina Dahlem , Martin Thomas Newton
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krap. and Greg.) on the morphogenesis characteristics of two cultivars of Cynodon (Tifton 85 and Coastcross-1). The experimental design was factorial (three factors), in randomized blocks, having as factors the cultivars (2), the occupancy area of forage peanut (4) and the seasons (3), with three replications, established in plots. There were three assessments during the study, in spring, summer and autumn, in which the total number of tillers, the culm and leaf elongation, the senescence rate and leaf emergence, the phyllochron, the leaf lifespan, the leaf number and the height of culm and canopy were evaluated. The number of green leaves, number of elongating leaves and senescence rate were similar among cultivars, but cv. Coastcross-1 showed higher number of expanded leaves and leaf emergence rate, and lower phyllochron and leaf lifespan. We observed lower rates of senescence and higher leaf emergence in spring, and lower rates of leaf elongation in autumn. The increasing participation of forage peanut in the pastures did not affect the calculated morphogenetic variables, but decreased the number of grass tillers. A lower average daily thermal accumulation decreased the development of both grasses in this study, with a more pronounced effect in cv. Tifton 85. The Coastcross-1 cultivar has higher elongation rate and leaf emergence, coupled with lower phyllochron and leaf lifespan, indicating a need for shorter rest periods when compared to cv. Tifton 85.
Characteristics of cattle breeders and dairy production in the southeastern and northeastern mesoregions of Pará state, Brazil
Authors: Dantas Vanderson Vasconcelos , Oaigen Ricardo Pedroso , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Godoy Bruno Spacek , Silva Flávio Da , Corrêa Renato Pinto , Domingues Felipe Nogueira , Marques Cristiane Soares Simon
Published: July 2016

The objective of this study was to characterize the dairy production systems of the southeastern and northeastern mesoregions of Pará state. A total of 112 questionnaires were administered on rural properties with dairy cow milk production in the municipalities of Ulianópolis and Irituia from April to May 2013. The activity was conducted mainly by men between 36 and 70 years of age. The education level was low, with 67% of the cattle breeders having incomplete basic education and 20.5% being illiterate. Regarding herd feeding, only 19.6% of the breeders used energy supplements, and 13.39% used roughage supplements. Sanitation control was performed by 99.1% of the breeders, with vaccines against foot and mouth disease and brucellosis being the most common vaccines because they are mandatory. Milking was performed manually on 98.2% of the properties, and pre-dipping and post-dipping techniques were used on only 2.7% and 3.6% of the properties, respectively. Regarding management, 84.8% of the breeders did not perform financial planning, and 99.1% did not have a defined chart of accounts and cost centres and were unaware of their production costs. Average herd productivity was 4.34 L cow-1 day-1, with average production varying between 30 L day-1 in units with fewer than 10 lactating cows and 355 L day-1 in those with over 55 cows. Age and education level were shown to hinder the access to knowledge and technological innovations in products, processes and management.
Forage mass, chemical composition and leaf chlorophyll index of signal grass and organic matter in soil under increasing levels of nitrogen
Authors: Souza Igor Alexandre de , Ribeiro Karina Guimarães , Rocha Wellington Willian , Araújo Saulo Alberto do Carmo , Pereira Odilon Gomes , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2016

This study evaluated the forage mass, plant height, chemical composition and chlorophyll index of signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk), as well as the content of organic matter (OM) in soil under increasing levels of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted in the Rio Manso Farm, experimental unit of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys - UFVJM in the municipality of Couto de Magalhães de Minas, state of Minas Gerais. For plant evaluation, we use a split plot randomized block design with four replications. Nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg ha-1 N) were assigned to plots and the cuts made in plants, to subplots. For the assessment of soil organic matter, we used a split-split-plot, with nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 by cut) in the plots, collection depth (0-10 and 10-20 cm) in the subplots and three sampling times (before the onset of the experiment, at the end of the 1st crop year and at the end of the 2nd crop year) in sub-subplots in a randomized block design with four replications. It can be concluded that nitrogen fertilization linearly increases forage mass, plant height and crude protein content of signal grass, which are positively correlated with chlorophyll index. At the end of two agricultural years, the content of organic matter in the soil decreases, which can be attributed to management of cutting and removal of the cut material.
Meat quality of castrated and non-castrated Santa Ines lambs subjected to food restriction
Authors: Sousa Dayanne Lima de , Pimentel Patrícia Guimarães , Silva Elisabeth Mary Cunha da , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Montenegro Assis Rubens , Campos Ana Cláudia Nascimento , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Santos Adrielle Albuquerque dos
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of meat of castrated and non-castrated Santa Ines lambs submitted to food restriction. Were used 30 lambs, 15 castrated and 15 non-castrated, about two months of age and average initial body weight of 13.00 ± 1.49 kg. The lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (restriction level x sex class), according to the amount of food provided. The duration of the experiment was determined by the time required for the animals in the one of the groups achieved 28 kg of body weight. There was interaction between food restriction levels and sex class to the variables intensity of yellow color and pH in the longissimus lumborum muscle and the shear force in the semimembranosus muscle. In non-castrated animals, the intensity of yellow color was higher in the longissimus lumborum muscle at the level of 30% of food restriction. There was no significant interaction between food restriction levels and sex class for the quality aspects related to color saturation, color tone, luminosity, red intensity, water holding capacity and cooking losses in longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus muscles. Although food restriction and sex class have influenced the variables related to the quality of meat of the animals evaluated, the mean values are considered acceptable by the literature. The feeding restriction levels and sex class influence some important features of quality of Santa Ines lamb meat.
Supplementation of grazing suckling beef calves receiving different energy sources
Authors: Lima Josilaine Aparecida da Costa , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Detmann Edenio , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Silva Aline Gomes da , Lopes Sidnei Antonio , Marquez David Esteban Contreras , Martins Leandro Soares , Moura Felipe Henrique de
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different energy sources - corn, sorghum, and wheat bran - on performance, intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization efficiency of beef calves subjected to creep feeding. Thirty-four calves (12 males and 22 females) with initial age and weight of four months and 108±3.9 kg, respectively, were used in a randomized-block experimental design with four treatments and two blocks (males and females). Treatments were control (MM), a mineral mixture ad libitum; corn (C); corn + sorghum (C+S); and corn + sorghum + wheat bran (C+S+WB). Supplements contained approximately 20% crude protein (CP), and were fed in the amount of 0.5% of body weight. Supplemented animals had higher performance (P < 0.05) when compared with those on treatment MM. Supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF), and digestible organic matter (dOM). The digestibility of NFC was higher (P < 0.05) in the supplemented treatments. The C+S and C+S+WB treatments provided increased digestibility (P < 0.05) of OM, CP, and NDFap. The synthesis of nitrogen compounds was higher (P < 0.05) in animals on treatment C as compared with those on the other supplemented treatments. Animals on treatments C+S and C+S+WB had higher (P < 0.05) nitrogen utilization efficiency compared with those on the other treatments. Concentrate supplementation improved the animal performance. The use of other energy sources (sorghum or wheat bran) in association with corn is recommended for suckling calves.
Order of amino acid inclusion in the diet of DeKalb White laying hens
Authors: Vieira Danilo Vargas Gonçalves , Melo Thiago De Sousa , Silva José Humberto Vilar da , Costa Fernando Guilherme Perazzo , Cavalcante Danilo Teixeira , Lima Matheus Ramalho de , Bonaparte Talita Pinheiro , Vargas Júnior José Geraldo de , Sousa Marilú Santos , Conti Ana Carolina Müller
Published: July 2016

Three hundred and twenty-four DeKalb White laying hens aged 42 weeks were distributed in a completely randomised design with nine treatments and six replicates of six birds in each treatment. The experiment lasted 112 days. Diets were: T1 = 16.02% crude protein - CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp + Val]; T2 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp + Ile + Val]; T3 = 14.02% CP [no amino acid supplementation]; T4 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr + Trp]; T5 = 14.02% CP [Met + Lys + Thr]; T6 = 14.02% CP [Met]; T7 = 14.02% CP [Lys]; T8 = 14.02% CP [Thr]; T9 = 14.02% CP [Trp]. Regarding the quality of the eggs, the percentage of yolk and albumen, shell thickness and Haugh unit were not affected by the different diets. The percentage of shell, specific gravity and albumen height showed significant differences. We found that supplementation of only one amino acid in the diet (T7, T8 or T9), with the exception of methionine (T6), worsened performance relative to the control. Supplementation of three amino acids (methionine, lysine and threonine; T5) or four amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan; T4) worsened egg production and conversion per mass and per dozen eggs; however, feed intake and egg weight and mass were similar to the control treatment. When all amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine and valine; T2) were supplemented performance was similar to the control treatment in all variables. Supplementation of methionine, lysine and threonine is essential for birds in the laying phase; however the addition of six essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine) to the diet of laying hens is important for a good productive performance comparable with the control treatment T1. However, the inclusion of the latter two (isoleucine and valine) is justified only if the production cost is lower.
Cryopreservation of Prochilodus brevis semen: freezing media and thawing rates
Authors: Nunes Larissa Teixeira , Oliveira Mayara Setubal , Lopes Júlia Trugilio , Souza Maria Eduarda Magalhães de , Pinheiro Romulo Roberto Ribeiro , Campello Cláudio Cabral , Salmito-Vanderley Carminda Sandra Brito
Published: July 2016

Prochilodus brevis is a migratory fish, an important component of its river ecosystem and an appreciated animal in northeastern cuisine. However, human activities have threatened its survival. Thus, researchers have become interested in developing genetic material storage protocols, such as seminal cryopreservation. Therefore, determination of the appropriate freezing media and thawing rate is a fundamental step toward the use of this biotechnology in the production of common curimatã and for reducing risks to the species’ survival. As such, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different freezing media and thawing rates on the quality of cryopreserved semen from P. brevis. For this study, males received a single dose of pituitary extract of carp 18 hours before semen collection. The semen samples were diluted in 5% glucose + 10% methyl glycol (MG), 5% glucose + 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.9% NaCl + 10% methyl glycol, and 0.9% NaCl + 10% dimethyl sulfoxide, loaded into 0.25-mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. The semen from each treatment was thawed at three different thawing rates: 25 °C for 30 sec, 30 °C for 16 sec and 40 °C for 12 sec. Motility, vitality and morphology analyses were performed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The characteristics of the fresh sperm mostly resembled those found in the literature. For the parameters analyzed, fresh sperm presented higher sperm quality in comparison to all treatments with cryopreserved sperm (p < 0.05), except for the characteristic of normal morphology, for which the sperm cryopreserved in glucose and MG did not differ statistically from the fresh sperm. For the cryopreserved semen, the greatest results of total motility and curvilinear velocity (VCL) were obtained using glucose and DMSO, regardless of the thawing rate employed. For the straight-line velocity (VSL) and average path velocity (VAP), DMSO showed the best results, regardless of the diluent and thawing rate. With regard to vitality, the highest values were achieved when DMSO and thawing rates of 30 °C for 16 sec or 40 °C for 12 sec were used. In the morphological analysis, the greatest percentage of normal sperm cells was obtained using thawing rates of 25 °C for 30 sec and 40 °C for 12 sec, regardless of the freezing media. Sperm quality was found to suffer interference from the freezing media, as well as from interaction between its components (diluent and cryoprotectant) and the thawing rate used. Under the methodological conditions employed, the use of 5% glucose + 10% DMSO and a thawing rate of 30 °C for 16 seconds or 40 °C for 12 seconds is recommended for P. brevis semen cryopreservation.
Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of conventional ingredients for the silver mojarra, Diapterus rhombeus
Authors: Magalhães Júnior Francisco Oliveira de , Souza Ricardo Henrique Bastos de , Passinato Érica Bevitório , Cipriano Filipe Dos Santos , Lima Kauana Santos , Tonini William Cristiane Telles , Braga Luis Gustavo Tavares
Published: July 2016

Knowledge on the nutritional value of feed ingredient is an important step in the formulation of diets in order to maximize animal productivity. Thus a study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (ADCDM), crude protein (ADCCP), gross energy (ADCGE) and amino acids (ADCAA) of conventional feed ingredients for juvenile silver mojarra (13.0 ± 3.23 g). The study was conducted in the laboratory for nutrition and feeding of fish (AQUANUT), using 80 silver mojarra collected in nature, which were kept in digestibility aquaria for a period of 21 days. The following ingredients were evaluated: fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, corn gluten meal, rice bran, wheat bran and starch, which substituted 30% of a reference pelletized diet with 325.00 g kg-1 crude protein and 3,692 Kcal kg-1 gross energy. Additionally 1.0 g kg-1 chrome oxide was added to each diet as a marker. The excreta were obtained using three repetitions for each tested ingredient, which were dried for further analyses. The soybean meal showed the best ADCDM value (67.45%), followed by the other ingredients. There was no significant difference between the soybean meal (95.16%), fish meal (92.97%) and the corn meal (91.90%) for the best ADCCP coefficients. The ADCGE for soybean meal and maize meal were 65.23% and 60.31%, respectively, followed by fish meal (51.85%). The results demonstrate that silver mojarra can digest animal protein as well as that of vegetal origin. Silver mojarra can also efficiently digest and absorb some of the main amino acids of fish, such as lysine, methionine and threonine, from the same studied ingredients.
Proceso de adquisición de datos del sistema de correo electrónico: una aplicación a la modelización de una red social
Authors: Rodriguez-Aguilera Francisco , Arranz Peña Nieves , Fernandez de Arroyabe Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

El correo electrónico se ha convertido en un repositorio rico y amplio de la información acerca de las comunicaciones entre los individuos. Desde el punto de vista empresarial las comunicaciones por correo electrónico son el reflejo de las interacciones entre las personas que componen la organización. En este trabajo ideamos las técnicas y las herramientas para la exploración de datos que permiten extraer del correo electrónico la red social que subyace y la información que pueda ser útil para la toma de decisiones en la empresa. Analizando los datos del correo electrónico del aeropuerto de Muenster y Osnabrueck, se muestra la red social conformada a través de dichas relaciones, las propiedades de la red y su evolución a través del tiempo. Nuestra técnica proporciona una aplicación para inferir a través del correo electrónico las conexiones de la red y su caracterización sugiriendo una nueva vía de exploración de datos para estudiar el comportamiento empresarial.
Prolínání mocenských diskursů v týdeníku Učitelské noviny: sociální inkluze romských žáků v českém školství
Authors: Klapko Dušan
Published: July 2016

Cílem této výzkumné stati je analýza výpovědí o edukaci romských žáků jako žáků ze sociálně znevýhodněného prostředí, resp. žáků se specifickými vzdělávacími potřebami. Analýza výpovědí je zaměřena na diskursy utvářející školskou realitu z pohledu týdeníku Učitelské noviny. Výklad je zasazen do kontextu novely školského zákona, zabývajícího se sociální inkluzí. Pro metodologické účely byly použity nástroje diskursivní analýzy. V našem výzkumu jsme dospěli k analýze diskursivních pozic mluvčích, k výčtu mocenských diskursů, k popisu konstrukcí sociálně znevýhodněného prostředí romských žáků a k analýze strategií konstrukcí sociální reality z pohledu mluvčích.
Komparácia slovenských a českých školských klubov (družín) s vybranými krajinami
Authors: Minárechová Michaela , Bánovčanová Zuzana
Published: July 2016

Predkladaný príspevok v prvej časti reflektuje problematiku pedagogiky voľného času, ktorá je aj v súčasnosti nie presne vymedzenou a ujasnenou oblasťou samotnej pedagogiky. Hlavným cieľom príspevku je opísať základné znaky zariadení venujúcich sa starostlivosti mimo vyučovania a porovnať naše (české a slovenské školské kluby detí a školské družiny) zariadenia s podobnými zariadeniami v anglicky hovoriacich krajinách. V ďalšej časti preto príspevok porovnáva školské zariadenia zabezpečujúce starostlivosť o deti v čase mimo vyučovania vo vybraných krajinách (UK – Anglicko, USA – Michigan) so slovenskými a českými školskými zariadeniami (realizované činnosti, časová a priestorová organizácia). Okrem objasnenia základnej terminológie spojenej s uvedenými zariadeniami sa príspevok sústreďuje aj na nariadenia a požiadavky, ktoré sú na ne kladené zo strany jednotlivých štátov. Aj napriek malým variáciám zariadení, môžeme konštatovať, že ich význam a potřeba má celospoločenský charakter. Najmä v našom prostredí považujeme porovnávané školské zariadenia za komplexnejšiu a praktickejšiu starostlivosť o deti v čase mimo vyučovania. Naproti tomu v zahraničí je zase viditeľnejší rozmach súkromnej sféry v oblasti pedagogiky voľného času a v podobných zariadeniach starostlivosti o deti v čase mimo vyučovania.
Gênero no contexto dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos de mulheres privadas de liberdade
Authors: Rodrigues Costa Lúcia Helena , Alves Juliana Pereira , Fonseca Carlos Eduardo Prates , Costa Fernanda Marques da , Fonseca Franciele Fagundes
Published: July 2016

Introducción: La Política Nacional de Atención Integral a Salud de la Mujer, ejecutada por el Ministerio de Salud en 2005, se ocupa de la atención integral en diferentes contextos, como la situación de  mujeres en prisión.

Objetivo: Describir el perfil de las mujeres privadas de libertad de una prisión y discutir la situación salud sexual y reproductiva de estas mujeres.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, un enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo, que trabajó con 34 mujeres en el sistema penitenciario y Montes Claros, Minas Gerais Pirapora, Brasil.

Resultados: Entre las 34 mujeres se encontró que 27 (79,4%) tenían algún tipo de profesión antes de la detención. Las principales actividades fueron la "limpieza" y "vendedor", que configuran los trabajos que requieren el desarrollo de baja habilidad y prercibir bajos salarios. Entre los 22 participantes (64,7%) dijeron que eran marrones, 5 (14,7%) negro y 7 (20,6%) de color blanco. En un rango de edad de 30-35 años, lo que sugiere es que las mujeres están en edad productiva y reproductiva, con bajos niveles de educación y tener empleos / profesiones de bajos salarios. Los relatos recogidos en el grupo focal estas mujeres mantienen representaciones estereotipadas de la mujer definida por la emotividad,  pasividad y  dedicación a la familia.

Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que las diferencias de género en el ejercicio de la sexualidad y el hecho de que las mujeres quedan embarazadas, ponen barreras tanto a la realización de las visitas íntimas, como para el cuidado de los niños en los primeros seis meses después del parto.
Aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales en el error asistencial de enfermería
Authors: Sanz Gómez Ana Isabel , Iriarte Ramos Sonia , Gascón Catalán Ana
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Valorar cómo influyen las características personales y laborales de los profesionales de enfermería en el error asistencial en hospitalización.

Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 254 enfermeros de los hospitales públicos de Zaragoza, España. Se administró un cuestionario que contenía preguntas sobre los datos sociodemográficos y laborales del profesional y el error sanitario.

Resultados: La muestra estuvo formada predominantemente por mujeres (un 88,6%) con una edad media de 37,4 años. El 45,2% tiene una experiencia profesional menor de 10 años, existiendo un alto índice de movilidad en el puesto de trabajo. Existe una asociación entre la edad, el sexo, la movilidad en el servicio hospitalario y el número de errores cometidos (p<0,05). La sobrecarga laboral y la presión por parte de familiares y pacientes son los factores del entorno laboral que más influyen en el  momento de cometer un error asistencial.

Conclusiones: Las tasas de error en la práctica enfermera hospitalaria están influenciadas por las características del trabajador y el entorno laboral. Para disminuir su frecuencia habrá que proporcionar a los profesionales la formación adecuada al servicio y prevenir los factores de riesgo modificables como el exceso de cargas de trabajo y la presión del entorno social laboral.
Indicadores de assistência em uma clínica cirúrgica
Authors: Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Moreira Isadora Alves , Tobias Gabriela Camargo , Silva Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo e
Published: July 2016

Se objetivó caracterizar las hospitalizaciones ocurridas en la Clínica Quirúrgica de un hospital universitario del Centro Oeste de Brasil. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal, realizado a través de los registros en un total de 750 admisiones. La colecta fue de enero a mayo de 2011, con instrumento estructurado y validado. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se encontró que la mayoría de los ingresos fue electiva (82,1%), con duración de la estancia hospitalaria entre  dos y ocho días para el 82,2% de los ingresos. Al menos una intervención quirúrgica se registró en 85,9% de las hospitalizaciones y los médicos fueron los profesionales con una mayor participación en la evolución del paciente, mientras que la enfermera presentó registro de evaluación en 19,2% de las hospitalizaciones. Destaca la necesidad de los profesionales de repensar sus acciones a través de la atención de la salud y que las instituciones realicen la sistematización del proceso de evaluación de los indicadores clínicos en busca de la calidad y seguridad del paciente en la práctica clínica.
Modificações corporais vivenciadas por pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise
Authors: Frazão Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz , Tinôco Jéssica Dantas de Sá , Fernandes Maria Isabel Da Conceição Dias , Macedo Beatriz Medeiros de , Delgado Millena Freire , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho
Published: July 2016

Se objetivó identificar los cambios en la imagen corporal vividos por los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis y su asociación a los datos sociales y clínicos.

Estudio transversal, cuya recogida de datos ocurrió entre octubre de 2011 y Febrero de 2012, con una muestra de 178 pacientes, durante la sesión de hemodiálisis en una clínica de referencia en el noreste de Brasil.

Los resultados se analizaron con la ayuda de IBM SPSS Statistics versión 19.0, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, a partir de mediciones de tendencia central y dispersión, además de la estadística de análisis, a través de la prueba de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para verificar la asociación entre los cambios en la imagen corporal y los datos sociales y clínicos. Los resultados indican que los cambios en la imagen corporal que presentaron asociación estadística significativa fueron: cambios en el peso y el sexo, cambios musculoesqueléticos y sexo, tiempo de enfermedad renal crónica y de diálisis, y entre la variable otros y tiempo de enfermedad renal crónica.

Se concluye que los pacientes renales crónicos sometidos a hemodiálisis están sujetos a los cambios en su cuerpo, relacionados con su enfermedad y tratamiento, y pueden sufrir la influencia de los datos sociales y clínicos, siendo relevante la promoción de cuidados por parte de las enfermeras que trabajan en las clínicas de hemodiálisis, que también deben tener en cuenta las variables sociales y clínicas, con el fin de obtener un cuidado orientado a las necesidades de esta clientela.
La cirugía bariátrica: una vivencia espinosa pero satisfactoria
Authors: Hoyos Duque Teresa Nury , Salazar Maya Ángela María
Published: July 2016

La obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública mundial. Quienes la padecen presentan mayores problemas de salud, por lo que muchos optan por la cirugía bariátrica como única solución.

Objetivo: Describir el significado de la experiencia de  personas que se les hizo cirugía bariátrica en municipios del área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, Medellín Colombia entre 2008 y 2012.

Método: Investigación cualitativa, aprobada por el Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad de Antioquia-Colombia, 23 participantes mayores de 18 años; el análisis se hizo con base en la teoría fundamentada.

Resultados: Para los participantes, el posoperatorio de cirugía bariátrica fue un proceso espinoso, complejo; alimentarse fue una tortura; los cambios físicos, emocionales y en su imagen corporal les produjeron ansiedad y dificultaron la aceptación de otros. Pero también adquirieron hábitos y comportamientos que mejoraron su calidad de vida al sentirse felices y satisfechos con sus cuerpos.

Conclusiones: La persona sometida a cirugía bariátrica se enfrenta a diversos problemas que requieren apoyo y acompañamiento  del equipo de salud para superarlos; también adquiere conductas y comportamientos que aumentan la autoestima, la confianza en sí misma y la calidad de vida.
A Nest for the Soul: The Trope of Solitude in Three Early Modern Discalced Carmelite Nun-Poets
Authors: Schlau Stacey
Published: July 2016

Abstract: For early modern Discalced Carmelite nun-poets, solitude remains tied to the paradoxical equation of life to death and death to life so famously parsed by St. Teresa. This essay examines poems by María de San Alberto (1568-1640), Ana de la Trinidad (1577-1613), and Gregoria Francisca de Santa Teresa (1653-1736) exploring the possibilities of creating and maintaining solitude while embarked on a quest for mystical union. Outstanding practitioners of the Teresian poetic tradition, the Founding Mother’s religious and literary example allowed them the freedom to communicate with their religious sisters and subsequent readers, and thereby establish religious community through writing.   Keywords: Discalced Carmelite, mystical, nun-poet, poetry, solitude, St. Teresa     Resum: Per a les monges poeteses carmelites descalces de la primera edat moderna, la soledat segueix estant vinculada a l’equació paradoxal de la vida a la mort i la mort a la vida tan reconegudament tractada per santa Teresa. Aquest assaig examina poemes de María de San Alberto (1568-1640), Ana de la Trinidad (1577-1613), i Gregoria Francisca de Santa Teresa (1653-1736) que exploren les possibilitats de creació i manteniment de la solitud mentre es va embarcar en una recerca d’unió mística. Seguidores destacades de la tradició poètica teresiana, la literatura i la religiositat de la mare fundadora assoleix en elles la llibertat de comunicar-se amb les seues germanes de religió i els lectors posteriors, i amb això s’estableix una comunitat religiosa a través de l’escriptura permesos.   Paraules clau: Carmel Descalç, mística, monges poeteses, poesia, solitud, santa Teresa
Ensalades en clausura: Una primera aproximació als cançoners del convent de les carmelites descalces de Santa Teresa de Vic
Authors: Pessarrodona Aurèlia
Published: July 2016

Resum: La recent troballa de dos cançoners al convent de Santa Teresa de Vic, datables al segle XVII, ve a ampliar i enriquir de manera considerable el que ja se sabia sobre la creació literària conventual i la presència de música, cants i altres manifestacions performatives dins de la clausura del Carmel descalç femení durant l’Edat Moderna. En aquest article es fa una primera aproximació a aquests cançoners, que posa de manifest les diferències entre ambdós: un recull repertori forà més antic, del segle XVI i inici del XVII, entre el que hi destaca la curiosa presència de moltes de les ensalades editades per Mateu Fletxa el Jove a Praga l’any 1581; i l’altre és un excel·lent exemple de la creació literària de les pròpies monges, amb obres que abarcarien tot el segle XVII i inicis del XVIII. A més de descriure els manuscrits i apropar-se al seu contingut situant-lo en el seu context, en el present article es reflexiona sobre la possible praxi performativa del repertori, especialment sobre les ensalades.   Paraules clau: carmelites descalces, clausura, cançoners, ensalades, Mateu Fletxa   Abstract: The recent finding of two songbooks in the convent of Saint Therese in Vic (Barcelona), dated to the 17th century, broadens and enriches strikingly what was already known about the literary creation in monasteries and performative manifestations —music, theater, dance— in the enclosed life of female discalced Carmel during the Modern Age. This article provides a first approach to these songbooks, that shows significant differences between them. The first one collects a foreign and older repertory, from 16th and early 17th centuries, that includes the unusual presence of ensaladas edited by Mateu Fletxa the Youger in 1581. The other one is an excellent example of literary creation of the nuns, with works dated from 17th to early 18th century. As well as a description of the manuscripts, an approximation to their content and placing them in their context, the article includes some reflections concerning the performative practice of this repertory, above all of the ensaladas.   Keywords: discalced carmelites, cloister, songbooks, ensaladas, Mateu Fletxa
La llavor de Teresa. En el V centenari del naixement de Teresa de Jesús (II)
Authors: Gras Casanovas Mercè
Published: July 2016

Al monogràfic d'aquest número oferim noves aportacions per aprofundir en alguns aspectes de la presència i la influència de Teresa de Jesús en diferents aspectes de la literatura i la cultura a la Corona d'Aragó.
Affinity and dose of TCR engagement yield proportional enhancer and gene activity in CD4+ T cells
Authors: Allison Karmel A , Sajti Eniko , Collier Jana G , Gosselin David , Troutman Ty Dale , Stone Erica L , Hedrick Stephen M , Glass Christopher K
Published: July 2016

Affinity and dose of T cell receptor (TCR) interaction with antigens govern the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses, but questions remain regarding the quantitative translation of TCR engagement into downstream signals. We find that while the response of mouse CD4+ T cells to antigenic stimulation is bimodal, activated cells exhibit analog responses proportional to signal strength. Gene expression output reflects TCR signal strength, providing a signature of T cell activation. Expression changes rely on a pre-established enhancer landscape and quantitative acetylation at AP-1 binding sites. Finally, we show that graded expression of activation genes depends on ERK pathway activation, suggesting that an ERK-AP-1 axis plays an important role in translating TCR signal strength into proportional activation of enhancers and genes essential for T cell function.
Space charge behavior of silicone rubber nanocomposites with thermal step method
Authors: Zhang Ji Wei , Li Qing Quan , Liu Hong Shun , Ren Ang , Li Jie , Xiao Meng , Li Bin , Wang Hao
Published: July 2016

In this paper, effects of the space charge behavior of silicone rubber (SiR) nanocomposites with SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO nanoparticles on charge transfer were clarified. To investigate the effects of SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO nanoparticles on space charge profiles, the space charge behavior was measured using a thermal step method system under a dc electric field of 2 to 4 kV/mm. In the case of SiR nanocomposites, a negative packet like charge injection with a peak charge density of more than several hundred C/m3 was measured. The effects of space charge behavior were discussed with the response current associated with the conductivity and permittivity affected by a thermal process. The obtained results showed that the relaxation processes had discrete energy differences with distinct peaks in the response currents of space charge affected by nanoparticles.
Development of highly durable deep-ultraviolet AlGaN-based LED multichip array with hemispherical encapsulated structures using a selected resin through a detailed feasibility study
Authors: Nagai Shoko , Yamada Kiho , Hirano Akira , Ippommatsu Masamichi , Ito Masahiro , Morishima Naoki , Aosaki Ko , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi , Akasaki Isamu
Published: July 2016

To replace mercury lamps with AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) LEDs, a simple and low-cost package with increased light extraction efficiency (LEE) is indispensable. Therefore, resin encapsulation is considered to be a key technology. However, the photochemical reactions induced by DUV light cause serious problems, and conventional resins cannot be used. In the former part of this study, a comparison of a silicone resin and fluorine polymers was carried out in terms of their suitability for encapsulation, and we concluded that only one of the fluorine polymers can be used for encapsulation. In the latter part, the endurance of encapsulation using the selected fluorine polymer was investigated, and we confirmed that the selected fluorine polymer can guarantee a lifetime of over 6,000 h at a wavelength of 265 nm. Furthermore, a 3 × 4 array module of encapsulated dies on a simple AlN submount was fabricated, demonstrating the possibility of W/cm2-class lighting.
Were the May 2012 Emilia‐Romagna earthquakes induced? A coupled flow‐geomechanics modeling assessment
Authors: Juanes R. , Jha B. , Hager B. H. , Shaw J. H. , Plesch A. , Astiz L. , Dieterich J. H. , Frohlich C.
Published: July 2016

Seismicity induced by fluid injection and withdrawal has emerged as a central element of the scientific discussion around subsurface technologies that tap into water and energy resources. Here we present the application of coupled flow‐geomechanics simulation technology to the post mortem analysis of a sequence of damaging earthquakes (Mw = 6.0 and 5.8) in May 2012 near the Cavone oil field, in northern Italy. This sequence raised the question of whether these earthquakes might have been triggered by activities due to oil and gas production. Our analysis strongly suggests that the combined effects of fluid production and injection from the Cavone field were not a driver for the observed seismicity. More generally, our study illustrates that computational modeling of coupled flow and geomechanics permits the integration of geologic, seismotectonic, well log, fluid pressure and flow rate, and geodetic data and provides a promising approach for assessing and managing hazards associated with induced seismicity.
America's water: Agricultural water demands and the response of groundwater
Authors: Ho M. , Parthasarathy V. , Etienne E. , Russo T. A. , Devineni N. , Lall U.
Published: July 2016

Agricultural, industrial, and urban water use in the conterminous United States (CONUS) is highly dependent on groundwater that is largely drawn from nonsurficial wells (>30 m). We use a Demand‐Sensitive Drought Index to examine the impacts of agricultural water needs, driven by low precipitation, high agricultural water demand, or a combination of both, on the temporal variability of depth to groundwater across the CONUS. We characterize the relationship between changes in groundwater levels, agricultural water deficits relative to precipitation during the growing season, and winter precipitation. We find that declines in groundwater levels in the High Plains aquifer and around the Mississippi River Valley are driven by groundwater withdrawals used to supplement agricultural water demands. Reductions in agricultural water demands for crops do not, however, lead to immediate recovery of groundwater levels due to the demand for groundwater in other sectors in regions such as Utah, Maryland, and Texas.