bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of Sixth Grade Students' Skills of Solving and Posing Problems Which Require Using the Knowledge of Order of Operations
Authors: BAĞDAT Ayşe , EV ÇİMEN Emre
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to examine sixth grade students’ skills of solving and posing problems which require using the knowledge of the order of operations to solve. The case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was adopted in the research. The study group consisted of 44 sixth grade students attending a public secondary school in Eskisehir. Within the scope of the application, the forms including the questions to measure their problem solving and posing skills were directed to the study group. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. According to the results obtained, it was found that while most of the students were successful in solving problems which require the knowledge of the order of operations, they were not successful in posing such type of problems. In addition, it was found that students made mistakes in Turkish language grammar and expressions and in using the mathematical language. Students made mathematical terminology mistakes generally in subtraction and division operations. As a result, it is recommended to increase the problem posing and order of operations activities in mathematics lessons.
Governing Climate Change at the G20 Rome and UN Glasgow Summits and Beyond
Authors:   G20 Research Group, Kirton John , Warren Brittaney ,   G20 Research Group
Published: September 2022

How and why does the Group of 20 (G20) work, both alone and together with the United Nations (UN), to advance the effective global governance of climate change, especially in 2021 and beyond? G20 summit performance on climate change has increased since 2008 as measured by the six major dimensions of governance, but not by the results in net emissions reduced. G20 efforts to spur performance at subsequent UN climate summits has varied, from substantial at G20 Pittsburgh for UN Copenhagen in 2009, to limited at G20 Antalya for UN Paris in 2015, and to strong at G20 Rome for UN Glasgow in 2021. G20 efforts have been spurred by the physical climate shockactivated vulnerabilities experienced by G20 members in the lead-up to G20 and UN summits, especially from escalating extreme weather events, but have been constrained by diversionary shocks from finance in 2008–09, terrorism and migration in 2015, and COVID-19 in 2020–21. Also important were the personal commitments of, and domestic political support within, G20 and UN summit hosts, especially regarding the G20 and UN summits uniquely chaired by Group of 7 (G7) members Italy and the United Kingdom in 2021. Yet, the unprecedented combined G20-UN supply of global climate governance in 2021 fell even further behind the proliferating global demand to control climate change. To close the gap, the G20 should invite the heads of the major multilateral environmental organizations to participate in G20 summits, hold more environment ministers’ meetings each year, and mount an annual climate-focused summit at the UN General Assembly.
The Architecture of the Software System for Supporting Attendance Records at the University
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, 344003, Russian Federation, Stupina M. V.
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, in accordance with the modular rating system adopted in universities, as well as due to the shift in emphasis towards the independent work of students and the construction of individual educational trajectories, the task of accounting for attendance at classes is being updated. The purpose of this paper is to develop the architecture of a software system that allows you to automate the process of confirming the presence of students in the classroom. Based on the analysis of modern works and the technical capabilities of current software solutions, the method of scanning the unique QR code of each training session with the camera of the students mobile device was chosen as the most optimal means of solving this problem. The paper presents the results of visual modeling of the software system, as well as the structure of the system, which includes the teachers console in the form of a web application in PHP and a mobile application for the iOS platform developed in Swift. The organization of data storage in the MySQL DBMS, the structure of relations are described. The main algorithms for the operation of the main software modules for scanning and generating a QR code are considered. Test examples of the operation of a web application and a mobile application as the main components of the system are given. With a high degree of confidence, we can assume that the presented system will be effective for solving attendance accounting problems.
Elements of fractional calculus. Fractional integrals
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Mishura Yuliya , Hopkalo Olha ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Zhelezniak Hanna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to the basic properties of fractional integrals. It is a survey of the well-known properties of fractional integrals, however, the authors tried to present the known information about fractional integrals as short and transparently as possible. We introduce fractional integrals on the compact interval and on the semi-axes, consider the famous Hardy-Littlewood theorem and other properties of integrability of fractional integrals. Among other basic properties, we consider Holder continuity and establish to what extent fractional integration increases the smoothness of the integrand. Also, we establish continuity of fractional integrals according to the index of fractional integration, both at strictly positive value and at zero. Then we consider properties of restrictions of fractional integrals from semi-axes on the compact interval. Generalized Minkowsky inequality is applied as one of the important tools. Some examples of calculating fractional integrals are provided.
On exact constant in Dzyadyk inequality for the derivative of an algebraic polynomial
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Voloshyna Victoria
Published: September 2022

Bernstein inequality made it possible to obtain a constructive characterization of the approximation of periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials T_n of degree n. Instead, the corollary of this inequality for algebraic polynomials P_n of degree n, namely, the inequality $||? P_n'|| ? n ||P_n||$, where $? · ? := ? · ?_[?1,1]$ and $?(x) := \sqrt{1-x^2}$, does not solve the problem obtaining a constructive characterization of the approximation of continuous functions on a segment by algebraic polynomials. Markov inequality $||P_n'|| ? n^2 ||P_n||$ does not solve this problem as well. Moreover, even the corollary $||?_n P_n'|| ? 2n ||P_n||$, where $?_n(x) := \sqrt{1-x^2+1/n^2}$ of Bernstein and Markov inequalities is not enough. This problem, like a number of other theoretical and practical problems, is solved by Dzyadyk inequality $|| P_n' ?_n^{1-k} || ? c(s) n|| P_n ?_n^{-s} ||,$ valid for each s ? R. In contrast to the Bernstein and Markov inequalities, the exact constant in the Dzyadyk inequality is unknown for all s ? R, whereas the asymptotically exact constant for natural s is known: c(s) = 1 + s + s^2; and for n ? 2s, s ? N, even the exact constant is known. In our note, this result is extended to the case s ? n < 2s.
Farklı renk karabiber esansiyel yağların karakteristik özellikleri: ön işlem mikrodalga uygulamasının etkisi
Authors: DEDEBAŞ Tuğba
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, siyah ve yeşil renkli karabiber tohumlarından uçucu yağların ekstraksiyonunda mikrodalga ekstraksiyonu ile hidrodistilasyon yöntemi birlikte uygulanmış ve mikrodalga enerjisinin uçucu yağ verimi ve uçucu yağların biyoaktif bileşimi üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla hidrodilasyon işlemi öncesi siyah ve yeşil renkli karabiber çeşitlerine 350 ve 500 W`lık farklı mikrodalga gücü uygulanmıştır. Mikrodalga gücününsiyah ve yeşil renkli karabiber uçucu yağ oranı ve bileşenleri üzerinde önemli etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen karabiber yağlarının verimi 350 W’da sırasıyla %1,63 ve %2,56 olarak bulunurken 500W`da %2,59 ve %3,32 olduğu ve mikrodalga gücü arttıkça verimde artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Esansiyel yağların uçucu bileşenlerinin tanımlanması amacıyla gaz kromatografisi kütle spektrometresi (GC-MS) kullanılmıştır. Siyah ve yeşil renkli karabiber yağında baskın bileşenler trans-karyofilen, delta-3-karen, d- limonen, α- fellandren, β-pinen, ɑ-pinen, ɑ -kopaen, elemen, mirsen, α-karyofilen, α-humulen ve karyofilen oksit olarak tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan mikrodalga gücü 350 W`dan 500 W çıkarıldığında monoterpen miktarında artış meydana gelirken seskiterpen miktarında azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tüm bu bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, yenilikçi bir teknoloji olan mikrodalga tekniğinin ekstraksiyon sürecini hızlandırabilmesi ve artan yağ verimleri gibi olumlu sonuçları nedeniyle uçucu yağların eldesinde hidrodistilasyon öncesinde kullanım için uygun ve etkili bir yöntem olduğu düşünülmektedir.
ORGANİK ATIKLARDAN ÜRETİLEN KOMPOZİT BİR MODİFİYE BİYOKÖMÜR KULLANILARAK SULU ÇÖZELTİDEN SAFRANİN T GİDERİMİ
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Dilek
Published: September 2022

Modern yaşamın ilgi çekici unsurlarından biri de renktir. Başta tekstil endüstrileri olmak üzere bir çok endüstri, farklı konsantrasyonlarda çeşitli boyalar içeren yüksek miktarda renkli atık su üretmektedir. Sağlık ve ekolojik kaygılara yol açan sentetik boyaların alıcı ortama verilmeden önce atıksulardan uzaklaştırılması gerekmektedir. Düşük maliyetli adsorbanlar elde edebilmek için atık malzemelerin kullanımı, atıksu arıtma maliyetlerinin azaltılmasına ve çevrenin korunmasına katkıda bulunduğu için araştırmalara konu olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kolayca temin edilebilen ve toksik olmayan organik üretilen aktive edilmiş kompozit bir biyokömür hazırlanarak Safranin T boyasının gideriminde adsorbent olarak kullanılmıştır. Kesikli sistemde gerçekleştirilen deneylerde adsorban miktarı (0,1-1 g/L), boya konsantrasyonu (10-50 mg/L), pH (5-9) ve temas süresi (0-360 dk) gibi en temel parametreler incelenmiştir. Dört farklı İzoterm ve dört farklı kinetik tartışılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerle Langmuir izoterm modeli ve sözde ikinci derece kinetik model daha iyi uyum sağlamıştır.
FRESH AND HARDENED STATE PROPERTIES OF SCCs PREPARED WITH LIMESTONE-BASED MANUFACTURED AGGREGATES AND POWDER
Authors: ÖZKUL Hulusi
Published: September 2022

Because the amount of sand and gravel extracted from natural resources is quickly depleting, the use of manufactured aggregates is becoming increasingly important in terms of sustainability. In this study, crushed limestone and filler material were used as both sand and coarse aggregate and powder material. As a result, all of the concrete components' grains had an angular form and a rough surface. Self-compacting concretes (SCC) were made with a maximum aggregate size of 10 or 16 mm and cement content of 350 kg/m3. The amount of limestone fine was raised in increments of 100 kg/m3 up to 300 kg/m3. The effects of fine material amount and maximum coarse aggregate size on spreading, flow, passing ability through the obstacles, segregation, and rheological properties of SCCs were determined. Although the mixtures' slump flow performances remained in the SF2 and SF3 classes according to EFNARC standards, longer V-funnel times and larger J-ring differences were obtained when compared to slump flow values, particularly for 16 mm aggregate size. The hardened state properties of concretes were examined by measuring the compressive and splitting tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity and Poisson ratio.
ÇİNKO OKSİT NANOPARÇACIK SENTEZLENMESİ VE E7 NEMATİK SIVI KRİSTALİNİN DİELEKTRİK VE KAPASİTANSA ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZĞAN Şükrü , YILDIZ Fatma Betül
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada hidrotermal yöntem kullanılarak Çinko Oksit (ZnO) nanoparçacık sentezlendi. Sentezlenen ZnO nanoparçacık geçirimli elektron mikroskobu ve x-ışınları ile karakterizasyonu yapıldı. ZnO nanoparçacık, E7 nematik sıvı kristaline farklı oranlarda katkılanarak numuneler elde edildi. Bu numunelerin gerçek ve sanal dielektrik sabiti ve mutlak kapasitans değişimleri 100 Hz-15 MHz frekans aralığında oda sıcaklığında incelenmiştir. Gerçek dielektrik belli frekansa kadar sabit gibi çok az azalarak değiştiği, 0.8 MHz frekansa gelince birden bire azalarak sıfır olduğu, nanoparçacık katkı oran ile arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Sanal dielektrik kısmı düşük frekanslarda azalmakta, sonra sabit gibi davranıyor ve daha yüksek frekansta artarak yaklaşık 2 MHz frekans civarında pik yapar ve azalarak sıfıra gidiyor. Sıvı kristalin dielektrik ve kapasitans değerleri % 0.6 ZnO nanoparçacık katkı oranında en büyük değişim göstermektedir.
STABİLİZASYONDA KİREÇ VE TÜFLERİN BİRLİKTE KULLANIMININ BENTONİTİN DAYANIMINA ETKİSİ
Authors: ASLAN Yasemin
Published: September 2022

Puzolanik özeliğe sahip katkı malzemeleri kullanılarak killi zeminlerin geoteknik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi olarak tanımlanan stabilizasyon, kolay uygulanabilir ve ekonomik bir yöntem olması nedeniyle günümüzde çok fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, katkı malzemesi olarak farklı özellikteki tüfler ile birlikte sönmüş kireç kullanımının bentonitin serbest basınç ve drenajsız kayma dayanımına olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı oranlarda sönmüş kireç ile birlikte asidik ve bazik karakterli tüflerin katkı malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı örnekler hazırlanmış ve bu örnekler optimum su içeriği değerinde Standard proktor ile sıkıştırılmıştır. Değişik oranlarda kireç ve tüflerin kullanıldığı katkılı örnekler hazırlanmış ve hem kür öncesi hem de 28 günlük kür sonrasında örneklerde Standard Proktor deneyleri, serbest basınç deneyleri, konsolidasyonsuz-drenajsız (UU) üç eksenli sıkışma dayanımı deneyleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda kür sonrasında tüm örneklerin dayanım ve kohezyon değerleri önemli oranda artış göstermiştir. Fakat sadece %5KRÇ ve sadece %10KRÇ katkılı örneklerde en büyük dayanım ve kohezyon değerleri belirlenirken tüf katkılarının kullanılmasıyla birlikte serbest basınç dayanımı ve kohezyon değerlerinin bir miktar azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
MOPSO TABANLI LQG SERVO KONTROL YAKLAŞIMI İLE ARAÇ ÜZERİNDE KONUMLU TERS SARKACIN KONTROLÜ
Authors: UYGUR Ali Fazıl
Published: September 2022

Araç üzerinde konumlu Ters Sarkaç, çeşitli kontrol yöntemlerinin uygulanması ve performanslarının karşılaştırılması adına, akademik anlamda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kararsız ve lineer olmayan yapıdaki Ters Sarkaç, sistem bozucuları ve ölçüm gürültüleri karşısında, duyarlı ve kırılgan yapıdadır. Bozuculara ve sensör ölçüm gürültüsüne maruz kalmak, kontrol sistemlerinin performansını olumsuz anlamda etkilemekte ve kontrol kalitesinin düşmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bahsedilen problem karşısında, çözüm olarak başvurulan yöntemlerden biri de Kalman Filtresi ile LQR kontrolün kombinasyonu olan ve Lineer Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) olarak bilinen kontrol tasarım yöntemidir.

Bu çalışmada, sistem bozucularına ve sensör gürültüsüne maruz kalan, araç üzerinde konumlu Ters Sarkaç için, sarkacı üzerinde taşıyan araç, verilen bir referansı takip ederken, sarkacın da bu esnada kararsız olan dik denge konumunu koruması istenmektedir. Sistem bozucuları ve sensör gürültüleri Gaussian Beyaz Gürültü olarak seçilmişlerdir, Referans takibi sağlamak ve denge noktası civarında kararlılığı sürdürmek adına, LQG servo kontrol yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Kullanılacak olan kontrolcünün, kontrol gereksinimlerini en iyi şekilde karşılaması bakımından, performansının optimize edilmesi icap eder. Bu maksatla, LQG servo kontrolcü bünyesindeki LQI bloğu için performans ölçütü ağırlık matrislerinin, Çok Amaçlı Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu Algoritması (MOPSO) yardımıyla optimizasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Kendi Kendini Konfigüre Edebilen Robotik Bir Sistem için Mikro Ölçekte Elektromanyetik Dış Eyleyici Tabanlı Hareket Modeli Geliştirilmesi
Authors: DOKUYUCU Halil İbrahim , GÜRSEL ÖZMEN Nurhan
Published: September 2022

Kendi kendini konfigüre eden modüler robotlar (KKMR), yeni görevleri yerine getirmek, yeni çevresel koşullara uyum sağlamak ve olabilecek hasarlardan etkilenmemek amacıyla modüllerin uzamsal organizasyonunu değiştirebilen otonom kinematik makineler olarak tanımlanabilir. KKMR sistemlerinin en önemli amaçlarından biri milyon seviyesinde modülün bir arada çalışabildiği sistemlerin geliştirilmesidir. KKMR sistemlerinin minyatürleştirilmesi aşamasında yerleştirme ve taşıma zorlukları ortaya çıkar. Son yıllarda mikro üretim alanında elde edilen kazanımların yardımıyla, dışsal eyleyicilerin hareket sağladığı mikro robotlar, KKMR sistemlerinin minyatürleştirilmesine iyi bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mikro robotlar için dışsal manyetik eyleyiciler tarafından hareket sağlanan yeni bir kendi kendini konfigüre etme mekanizması geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada manyetik alan etkisinde mikro tüpler içerisindeki mıknatısların hareketi sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Mekanizmanın dinamik modeli, sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiş ve benzetim çalışmaları ile uygulanabilirliği ortaya konulmuş, teorik sonuçlarla karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın biyomedikal uygulamalarda, medikal robotlarda, endüstride, savunma sanayinde ve uzay araştırmalarındaki mikro robotik sistemler için katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Etiological structure of infectious complications and microbial colonization in patients of COVID-19 hospital of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution
Authors: Petrova Lyudmila V. , Mironov Andrey Yu. , Gusarov Vitaly G. , Kamyshova Daria A. , Khakulova Alina E. , Zamyatin Mikhail N. , Suranova Tatiana G.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Despite the proven importance of secondary bacterial infections influencing the severity of viral respiratory diseases, their etiology is still not well understood. There is a gap in knowledge about the nature, frequency, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
AIM: To describe the species spectrum of microorganisms in patients of the COVID-19 Hospital on the basis of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical samples (blood, lower respiratory tract discharge, urine, other biological materials) from patients with COVID-19 who were treated at the COVID-19 Hospital at a multidisciplinary federal medical institution were obtained and processed.
RESULTS: The bacteriological laboratory received 1821 samples of biomaterial from 452 patients, microorganisms were isolated from 620 (38.0%) samples. Most of the biomaterial was represented by blood 35.9% and discharge from the lower respiratory tract 31.7%. The structure of microorganisms was dominated by Candida albicans 19.7%, Staphylococcus aureus 10.2%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 10.1%, Enterococcus faecalis 7.9%. At the beginning of the period of operation of the Hospital, the most frequently identified microorganisms were S. aureus and Haemophilus influenzae 19.7% and 7.9%, respectively, while in the final period there was a change in the spectrum of microorganisms to nosocomial ESKAPE -pathogens with multiple drug resistance, the structure was dominated by Acinetobacter baumannii 24.3%. Antibiotic consumption in the hospital increased from 18.3 DDD/100 patient days in 2019 to 28.8 DDD/100 patient days in 2020.
CONCLUSION: Significant colonization of various loci of patients with COVID-19 by fungi of the genus Candida was revealed. There has been a change in the microbial spectrum of infectious agents from community-acquired (H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae) to nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens with multiple drug resistance. The consumption of antibiotics has increased significantly.
Study of the biofilm form of vibrio cholera by RT-PCR
Authors: Titova Svetlana V. , Menshikova Elena A. , Vodop'yanov Sergei O. , Oleynikov Igor P. , Borodina Tamara N.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Vibrio cholerae can exist in planktonic and biofilm forms. There are no unified methods for recording the formation of a biofilm and the quantitative determination of microorganisms; the known methods are laborious and do not allow an objective assessment of the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the method for the quantitative determination of V. cholerae in biofilm and planktonic forms based on real-time PCR.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The concentration of V. cholerae in plankton was determined by the bacteriological method based on the number of colony-forming units per 1 ml; in biofilms, the method of imprint depletion on agar plates was used. Real-time PCR was performed using the primers and probes described in the literature for detecting the hlyA and ctx genes. V. cholerae were quantified using built-in software and standard preparations with a known concentration of bacterial cells. The results were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheets using the decimal logarithm; statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 13.3 program.
RESULTS: During the observation period, the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms on chitin and plastic increases as the incubation period increases. The amount of V. cholerae in the composition of biofilms and plankton on/above chitin exceeded those when used as a plastic substrate. On the 30th day, the difference was two or more orders of magnitude. The results of the two methods were reproducible and comparable; at the same stages, the concentration of V. cholerae varied within the same order of magnitude, which indicated the reliability of the PCR-RT results.
CONCLUSION: The bacteriological method is informative in the qualitative assessment of biofilms, in determining the viability of cholera vibrios. However, due to its complexity, with the impossibility of quickly determining the concentration of V. cholerae in a biofilm on chitin, it is preferable to use real-time PCR, which allows you to assess the concentration of V. cholerae in plankton and biofilm accurately and quickly.
Clinical case of Whipple’s disease
Authors: Osipenko Marina F. , Nadeev Aleksandr P. , Venzhina Yuliya Yu. , Zhuk Elena A.
Published: September 2022

The article presents a clinical case of 68-years old patient with a Whipples disease. The diagnosis was made after 10 years of following-up in presence of gastroenterological symptoms. On examination flattened rounded villi with the content of PAS-positive (PAS periodic acid Schiff) foamy macrophages, highly specific for Whipples disease, have been described in the biopsy specimen of the distal duodenum. The therapy led to a distinct positive dynamics persisting for 1 year.
Features of interleukin status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mailyan Mikhail E. , Pugachev Maksim I. , Shustov Sergey B. , Salukhov Vladimir V. , Livarsky Pavel A.
Published: September 2022

A hundred years have passed since the first use of insulin as the main means of therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. During this time, significant progress has been made in the development of insulin therapy, including the development of new insulin formulations and methods of its delivery. At the same time, over the years, expanding knowledge about the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, doctors are trying to reach a completely new level of possibilities in the treatment of this disease. At this level, methods of immunotherapeutic effects on those links of autoimmune chains will become available, which today limit both the therapy of patients with type 1 diabetes and the development of the idea of stem-cells transplantation due to the lack of a holistic understanding of ways to overcome post-transplant immune aggression against -cells. The review summarizes the current understanding of known interleukins involved as the most important intermediaries in the phases of initiation and immuno-mediated destruction of pancreatic -cells. The achievements in the study of the role of key interleukins in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diabetes for marking potential application points of immunomodulatory targeted therapy are considered.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: Main points
Authors: Sigua Badri V. , Kotkov Pavel A. , Kurkov Aleksey A. , Zemlyanoy Vyacheslav P.
Published: September 2022

The growth of the scientific medical community publication activity has led to the emergence of large volumes of disparate, often contradictory information of varying degrees of methodological quality. In such circumstances, a single tool for processing the results of numerous clinical trials was only a matter of time, reflecting the needs of practitioners. Such a tool within the framework of the principles of evidence-based medicine was the conduct of systematic reviews, in some cases supplemented by meta-analyses. The Cochrane is now the leading scientific organization that sets the tone for all research of this kind, providing most of the research of this design every year. Without taking into account the possible negative consequences of such a monopoly, it should be noted that this organization offers a detailed algorithm for writing systematic reviews, which is in the public domain along with the necessary software. This highly transparent methodology makes writing systematic reviews a task within the reach of any professional, regardless of supervision by the Cochrane, whose guiding resource is limited. This work is based on the methodological recommendations of the Cochrane and focuses on the main stages of writing systematic reviews.
Frequency and structure of arthroscopy complications in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Balglei Aleksandr G. , Tkachenko Aleksandr N. , Khaydarov Valerii M. , Mansurov Dzhalolidin S. , Urazovskaya Irina L.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopy is one of the most popular techniques in traumatology and orthopedic practice. The development of the criteria for selection of patients and indications for knee arthroscopy should be carried out for the improvement of arthroscopic technology. It is important to develop safe and informative surgical access to intra-articular structures, optimize stages and techniques, minimize the complications of arthroscopic surgery.
AIM: The publications describing results of knee arthroscopy in patients with knee osteoarthritis have been analyzed in the study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review has been conducted by searching in the Pub-Med/MEDLINE database and eLibrary. The search depth was 20 years; a keyword searching has been performed (including the keywords complications, indications/contraindications for arthroscopy). Possible relevant peri-, intra- and postoperative complications of knee arthroscopy are discussed.
RESULTS: Knee joint arthroscopy is the treatment of choice for trauma, injury and orthopedic disease. However, arthroscopy of the knee joint does not always bring a positive effect. The number of negative consequences of this surgical intervention, according to the statistics, range from 0.1 to 2.6% of all cases of knee joint arthroscopy. Complications can be local and systemic and develop both in the early postoperative and in the long-term period after the operation. The review is devoted to the analysis of the data concerning the frequency and structure of knee arthroscopy complications in patients with osteoarthritis of knee joints.
CONCLUSIONS: Intra- and postoperative complications of arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint include nerve and vascular lesions, port disposition, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, instrument breakage, and compartment syndrome associated with a defect in the joint capsule and leakage of irrigation fluid. In the postoperative period, complications such as hemarthrosis, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection and synovial fistulas are possible. Complications of the late postoperative period of arthroscopic interventions are arthrofibrosis, Ahlbacks disease or aseptic osteonecrosis of the femur or tibia, as well as complex regional pain syndrome.
Results of applying author’s manual method for repositioning shoulder dislocation
Authors: Slabospitskii Maksim A. , Mokhov Dmitrii Ye. , Tkachenko Aleksandr N.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: Shoulder joint dislocation is the most frequent among all types of dislocations. There are many ways to correct a dislocation of the shoulder. There are many ways to reduce a dislocated shoulder in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The results of conservative treatment of patients with shoulder dislocation are not always positive.
AIM: To analyze the results of the authors manual technique for repositioning shoulder dislocation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from 2013 to 2020 inclusive with unselected sampling; the study base is the trauma center of the City Hospital No. 1 by N.I. Pirogov. Criteria for including the patients in the study primary dislocation of the shoulder. Diagnosis: Closed traumatic dislocation of the shoulder in total 1968 people. Non-inclusion criteria secondary dislocation. In the outpatient setting, successful reduction of the shoulder was carried out in 1159 (58.9%) patients; after unsuccessful reduction, 809 (41.1%) patients were hospitalized with shoulder dislocation. The outpatient patients were randomly divided into two groups: in group 1 (n = 1552) the shoulders were adjusted using traditional methods with local anesthesia, the patients in group 2 (n = 416) received treatment according to the authors manual technique without local anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and type of dislocation in both groups.
RESULTS: The use of manual techniques was effective in 85% of the cases (352 people), 64 people were hospitalized (15%). The effectiveness of using traditional methods with the use of local anesthesia was 52% (dislocation was repositioned in 807 patients), the rest of the patients were treated in the inpatient setting.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of the authors manual technique in patients with shoulder dislocation in the outpatient setting has higher efficiency compared to traditional methods due to the fact that more patients receive assistance in the outpatient setting. In addition, this type of treatment is carried out without anesthesia, which also reduces the cost of treatment.
Medical tactics for bleeding after oncological interventions on the pancreas
Authors: Glushkov Nikolay I. , Kabanov Maksim Yu. , Sementsov Konstantin V. , Skorodumov Anatoliy V. , Koshelev Taras E. , Savchenkov Dmitry K. , Alekseev Valentin V. , Vasilchenko Maksim V. , Loginov Vladimir A. , Vagner Denis O. , Andrusenko Anastasia V. , Romanova Arina A.
Published: September 2022

About 60% of malignant tumors of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region are represented by neoplasms of the pancreas, accounting for 10% of the total number of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Simultaneously with the accumulation of experience, the improvement of the instruments used and the improvement of the supply of medical institutions, the number of cases of surgical treatment of pancreatic neoplasms is growing. The geography of these interventions is expanding. Accordingly, the issues of prevention and treatment of postoperative complications during these interventions, including such a dangerous complication as bleeding, are becoming increasingly important. Postoperative bleeding is diagnosed in 22% of operated patients with a given localization of a malignant neoplasm. The review analyzes modern views on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of bleeding after resection interventions for pancreatic tumors.
Evolution of surgical treatment for breast cancer
Authors: Kcheuso Aleksandr V. , Shapovalov Sergey G. , Savchenkov Dmitry K. , Koshelev Taras E. , Votinova Anastasia O.
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer holds the leading position among womens cancer. Nowadays extensive experience has been acquired in surgical treatment of this disease. However, a significant proportion of young and middle-aged patients, the expansion of adjuvant therapy capabilities and the effectiveness of integrated treatment dictate a need to pay more attention to the aestheticity of surgical interventions. The review analyzes the results of the modern studies on the effectiveness and aestheticity of the most common types of surgical treatment of breast cancer; the evolutionary trends in oncosurgery are presented.
Fault plane solutions and relocations of recent earthquakes in Middleton Place Summerville Seismic Zone near Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Madabhushi Sriram , Talwani Pradeep
Published: September 2022

The Middleton Place Summerville Seismic Zone (MPSSZ), located about 20 km northwest of Charleston is the most active seismic zone in South Carolina. Between 1980 and 1991, 58 events with Md 0.8 to 3.3 were recorded in MPSSZ. They lie in a diffuse area of 11 km by 14 km of which over two-thirds are located in a narrow 5 km by 6-km zone. The hypocentral depths range from 2 to 11 km with over 90% deeper than 4 km.

Single fault plane solutions were obtained for 35 events. Based on the focal mechanisms the earthquakes were grouped into five subsets. The mean P-axis of all fault plane solutions is oriented N63°E, in general agreement with the direction of SHmax obtained from in situ stress measurements.

Of the 35 events, 18 are associated with reverse faulting on NW - SE striking and SW dipping fault planes. These events were inferred to be associated with the Ashley River fault zone, which is not a planar feature, but is composed of short segments of varying strikes (N20°W to N70°W) and dips (40° to 70°SW). Eleven events were associated with strike-slip motion on NNE - SSW striking vertical faults and with thrust faulting on N - S oriented faults dipping to the west, respectively. These two sets are identified as being parts of the Woodstock fault zone.

The concentrated zone of seismicity included events associated with both the ARF and WF zones suggesting that it is at the intersection of these two fault zones.
Earthquake hypocenter location using genetic algorithms
Authors: Sambridge Malcolm , Gallagher Kerry
Published: September 2022

A new method for hypocenter location is proposed introducing some recent developments in global optimization techniques. The approach is based on the use of genetic algorithms to minimize some misfit criteria of the data. The method does not use derivative information and therefore does not require the calculation of partial derivatives of travel times of particular phases with respect to hypocentral parameters. The method is completely independent of details of the forward modeling. The only requirement is that the misfit function can be evaluated. Consequently one may use robust error statistics, any type of velocity model (including laterally heterogeneous 3-D models), and combine any type of data that can be modeled (e.g., arrival times and waveforms) without any modification of the algorithm.

The new approach is extremely efficient and is superior to previous techniques that share its advantages, in the sense that it can rapidly locate near optimal solutions without an exhaustive search of the parameter space. It achieves this by using an analogy with biological evolution to concentrate sampling in the more favorable regions of parameter space, while improving upon a group of hypocenters simultaneously. Initially, the population of hypocenters is generated randomly and at each subsequent iteration three stochastic processes are applied. The first, “reproduction”, imposes a survival of the fittest criterion to select a new population of hypocenters; the second, “crossover”, produces an efficient exchange of information between the surviving hypocenters; the third, “mutation”, introduces a purely random element that maintains diversity in the new population. Together these steps mimic an evolutionary process, allowing the algorithm to rapidly assimilate and exploit the information, gained from the group as a whole, to find better data fitting hypocenters.

The algorithm is illustrated with some synthetic examples using an actual local earthquake network. It is demonstrated how the initially random cloud of hypocenters quickly shrinks and concentrates sampling near the global minimum. Some simple new improvements to the basic algorithm are proposed to assist in avoiding local minima.
Traveling waves in low-dimensional neuronal systems
Authors:   , Baker Vincent , Cruz Cruz Luis R
Published: September 2022

Traveling waves of neuronal activity have been observed in many locations within the mammalian cortex. Several functional roles have been proposed for these traveling waves including visual and audio processing, information transfer between cortical areas and memory consolidation. Computer simulations of such traveling waves are typically performed in strictly one-dimensional or two-dimensional systems using homogeneous neurons with isotropic connectivity. Here we perform a computational investigation of traveling waves in more diverse systems with variations in neuron parameters and connectivity. We explore quasi one-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional networks of heterogeneous neurons with a biologically influenced computational model of neuron dynamics and connectivity. Our simulations reveal the model parameters for which traveling waves are supported, as well as how these parameters affect wave characteristics such as speed. We find that a uniform random stimulus reliably evokes traveling waves in networks with local connectivity between neurons, with low-threshold-spiking inhibitory neurons influencing the wave initiation sites. We reproduce the circular, plane and spiral wave patterns that have been observed in vivo and demonstrate the spiral waves are mroe likely to form when the inter-neuron connections are weaker. We extend previous work suggesting that traveling waves mediate information transfer by demonstrating that traveling waves can act as an encoding and transport mechanism for neural population activity.
Elements, Components, and Characteristics, of Successful Music Education Programs in Philadelphia
Authors:   , Connelly Sarah , Yau Pamela
Published: September 2022

The following research explores the answer to the question: What are the elements, components, and characteristics of successful music education programs, offered by arts organizations, for K-12 students in the Philadelphia area? Elements, components, and characteristics are generally defined as personnel used, time spent, materials used, and logistical nature of programming. Interviews were conducted with administrators from three organizations in Philadelphia: Kimmel Cultural Campus, Opera Philadelphia, and the Philadelphia Orchestra. Data collected from the interviews is compared to current and past literature about the impact of arts education and the best practices and challenges that accompany arts education partnerships. According to data collected and literature reviewed, arts education partnerships offered by arts organizations have several factors that can determine their success or failure. Challenges such as miscommunication, logistical concerns, and a lack of resources have been reported as constraints for partnerships. Communication, professional development, engagement, and effective evaluation are some of the ways that arts organizations can ensure success in their educational partnerships.
Sustainability Through Innovation
Authors:   , Fortuño Ileana , Almanzar Salina
Published: September 2022

The nonprofit performing arts sector is troubled by a lack of fiscal resources, public support, cost disease, and other external factors affecting organizational sustainability. Although numerous studies on the ways organizations innovate to overcome these issues, literature specific to innovation in the nonprofit performing arts sector is limited. This study builds upon the existing literature through interviews with six arts administration professionals at four theater companies with varying missions and constituencies in the Philadelphia region. The study found that although the organizations are plagued by the same internal and external challenges, their outlook and viewpoint on what 'innovation' looked like for their respective organizations differed. Interviewees also revealed that each organization had similar ideas on what sustainability looked like for their respective organization, with a fair wage for staff being paramount to all other elements. Further research is suggested with new subjects outside the city of Philadelphia to see if there is a variance among the greater arts administration landscape.
Characterization of tabersonine derivatives as potential treatment for Alzheimer's Disease in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:   , Smith Carly J. , Marenda Daniel , Bethea John
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which has pathologies linked to accumulation of A[beta] plaques in the brain. Despite being prevalent on a global scale, there remains no cure and few treatments for the disease. A drug treatment which interferes with underlying causes of AD is badly needed. Here we explore the ability of tabersonine, an indole alkaloid, and several tabersonine derivatives to interfere with A[beta] deposition in our well-characterized Drosophila melanogaster model of AD. Our results suggest that while tabersonine shows some ability to improve motor function in our model, its derivatives can provide an even greater rescue effect. Screening of several derivative compounds led to the identification of a compound known as "Shelley" which appeared to have excellent anti-AD activity. Treatment with "Shelley" results not only in a rescue of motor defects in AD model organisms to levels undiscernible from healthy organisms, but also a significant decrease in the number of A[beta]-42 fragments detectable in the brain. Tabersonine and its derivatives show great promise in our model at being able to rescue biochemical and behavioral effects of AD by targeting underlying causes, and we suggest that they may prove to be therapeutically useful with further study and characterization.
Associations of Exercise Variety with Weight and Physical Activity Outcomes in a Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment
Authors:   , Martinez Monica C. , Butryn Meghan L
Published: September 2022

While behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs typically prescribe 150 to 300 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), most participants are not successful at adopting and maintaining this level of exercise. Little guidance exists to help treatment providers or participants understand how the amount of variety in MVPA (i.e., how many different forms of exercise an individual does) relates to adoption and maintenance of MVPA. This secondary analysis examined exercise variety among adults (N = 320) enrolled in an 18-month BWL program. This study sought to determine if MVPA variety changes throughout treatment and if variety was a predictor of weight loss outcomes and time spent performing MVPA. Weight, self-reported MVPA variety, and accelerometer- and self-reported physical activity were recorded at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. MVPA variety increased from baseline to 6 months and 12 months and decreased at 18 months. There were significant correlations between variety and MVPA minutes at each time point, and 12-month MVPA variety positively predicted 18-month MVPA minutes. Greater MVPA variety at 12 months significantly predicted greater weight loss at 18 months. These non-experimental results indicate that individuals who do have a relatively greater number of different exercise activities have the best long-term outcomes. Future studies should examine the causal influence of exercise variety on outcomes by manipulating levels of variety.
Drive for thinness is not the same as drive to be thin
Authors:   , Chernyak Yelena , Lowe Michael R
Published: September 2022

Drive for thinness has been implicated as an etiological factor for the development of disordered eating. However, existing measures of this construct, such as the EDI-2 Drive for Thinness scale (DFT), appear to measure a desire to be thinner, but not the radical dieting mentality thought to contribute to the development of disordered eating. This study developed a Drive to be Thin (DTBT) scale to assess desire to be objectively thin (15% below ideal BMI); it excluded items regarding fear of fatness or avoidance of weight gain. DTBT items were judged for suitability by eating disorder experts and a Cronbach's alpha was calculated ([alpha]=.947). The association between DTBT, DFT, and fear of fatness (GFFS) as motivations for dieting was investigated in 64 unrestrained and restrained eaters (RE&URE) identified by the Herman and Polivy Restraint Scale and 22 females with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) or EDNOS-BN. A mixed model ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between group and motivation to diet. DFT and GFFS were significantly greater in REs compared to UREs, while DTBT was low in both. The traditional assumption that normal weight REs drive for thinness reflects an unhealthy need to be skinny appears to be incorrect. Instead, they appear to be motivated to diet mostly by a fear of fatness. This is consistent with a predisposition toward weight gain in REs and our previously proposed hypothesis that restraint represents a proxy risk factor for weight gain. On DTBT, BN had significantly higher scores than REs. Both GFFS and DTBT were elevated in BN, suggesting that bulimic individuals are highly motivated by both a fear of fatness and a drive to be thin, unlike REs who are only motivated by a fear of fatness. For BN, both a fear of fatness and a drive to be thin may motivate unhealthy dieting and eating disordered behavior.
Risky Driving Behavior in Young Adults
Authors:   , Graefe Anna Caroline , Schultheis Maria Teresa
Published: September 2022

Young adults aged 18-24 account for a disproportionate number of motor vehicle accidents, yet the factors that contribute to increased crash risk are not often studied in this age group. Retrospective studies of crashes have found that risky driving behavior contributes to a large percentage of crashes, and certain risky behaviors have been found to differentiate the driving behavior of young adults from those who are 25 and above. Measures of risky decision making have been found to predict other types of risk taking behavior, such as drug use and risky sexual behavior. However, few studies have related this construct directly to driving behaviors in young adults. Similarly, executive functioning has been hypothesized be involved in crash and increased driving errors in this age group, yet reliance on retrospective studies of crash has prevented driving research from relating executive functions to driving behavior. The present study sought to remedy these gaps in the literature by investigating the relationship between decision making, executive functioning, and performance on a risky driving task. Forty-nine young adults completed a measure of general risky decision making propensity and neuropsychological testing of executive functions. They then completed a baseline drive and a challenging simulated driving task, the Risky Driving Task, in which they had the choice to compromise their driving behavior in order to receive a reward. Results of a global measure of driving behavior showed participants' driving was riskier in the Risky Driving Task than in the baseline drive. Specifically, participants drove faster in the Risky Driving Task. When risky decision making and executive functioning correlates of risky driving behaviors in the Risky Driving Task were examined, greater risky decision making propensity predicted higher speeds in a curved residential segment. Executive functioning measures were not predictive of risky driving behaviors. Results are considered within the context of both transportation and developmental neuroscience literature on risk taking behavior in young adults.