bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Tie Each Other’s Hands: Italy Negotiating the Introduction of Constitutional Balanced Budget Rules and Independent Fiscal Institutions (2010-2013)
Authors: Bonomi Federico
Published: January 2023

This article presents an in-depth qualitative case study on the negotiations underlying the introduction of an Independent Fiscal Institution and a Constitutional Balanced Budget Rule in Italy. The article looks at the interests of the relevant actors in the negotiation process of the Six Pack, Euro Plus Pact, Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance, and Two Pack by conducting interviews with the negotiators and analyses of parliamentary records and press declarations. The article demonstrates that functional mechanisms explain the outcome of such negotiations better than the consolidated literature of Liberal Intergovernmentalism, which expects that the preferences of the constellation of national actors are the key drivers of EU grand bargains impacting on member states’ core state powers. As a matter of fact, Italian negotiators decided to accept the introduction of such instruments because they were potentially helpful in reducing macroeconomic risks both domestically and in other EU member states without having particular political costs, and not because domestic actors showcased clear preferences in favour of them. The results contribute to the academic debate on the integration of the Economic and Monetary Union by testing hypotheses deriving from traditional EU integration and International Relations literature and paves the way for future research allowing for a greater generalisation.
Financial compliance in Cohesion Policy: how to protect the EU financial interests from domestic fraud
Authors: Walczyk Julia , Dotti Nicola Francesco
Published: January 2023

Despite the importance of Cohesion Policy in reducing regional disparities and stimulating economic growth across member states, it has been exposed to compliance challenges. These challenges are evidenced by a higher number of errors and irregularities against other areas of the European Union’s budgetary expenditure. Especially fraudulent irregularities may put the EU’s financial interests at risk. The question arises, thus, how to protect this EU’s largest investment area from fraudulent actions. This article addresses the following research question: How did Member States fight fraud in cohesion policy by taking preventive measures during the period 2014-2020? This contribution takes an exploratory, triangulated approach based on documentary analysis, analysis of a statistical dataset and interviews in the case of two countries, Italy and Slovakia. The findings will first show what measures Italy and Slovakia took to prevent fraud and, second, relate these measures to the countries’ performance in the fight against fraud.
Kontribusi Kompetensi Profesional dan Motivasi Kerja dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Guru Teknik Desain dan Bangunan di SMKN 1 Padang
Authors: Nazili Nazili , Mallisza Danyl
Published: January 2023

Based on the presurvey, it was found that the development the teachers’ career of design and building engineering teacher at SMKN 1 Padang was not satisfied yet. The researcher assumed that this problem occurred because of some factors, two to them were the professional competence and work motivation. The research was aimed to reveal and analyze the contribution of the professional competence and work motivation toward the development of the teachers’ career of design and building engineering teacher at SMKN 1 Padang. This research used the quantitative approach. The population of this research was all of design and building engineering teacher at SMKN 1 Padang The result of data analysis showed that the professional competence contributed significantly (13,9%) toward the development of the teachers’ career, work motivation contributed significantly (10,1%) toward the development of the teachers’ career and the professional competence and work motivation simultaneously contributed about 20,6% toward the development of the teachers’ career. Based on the result of data analysis, it could be seen that the three hypotheses were accepted empirically. The result of the research also showed that the professional competence and work motivation were two independent variables which had positive influence on the dependent variable which was the development of the teachers’ career. Therefore, the professional competence and work motivation should be improved in order to improve the development of the teachers’ career.
Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis dalam Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Teacher Feedback Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Siswa SMP
Authors: Evariyani Evariyani , Kartono Kartono , Suminar Tri
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning model with teacher feedback on junior high school students' mathematical communication skills. This research method is a combination or mixed research which is also known as the Mixed Method. The model used in this study is a Sequential Explanatory type. The subjects of this study were students of SMP N 3 Kandangan in semester II of the 2021/2022 academic year. The quantitative sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The preparation and collection of data was carried out based on quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were taken from the pretest stage which was carried out in the experimental class and control class up to the posttest which was carried out in the same class. Meanwhile qualitative data were obtained from observation sheets of teacher and student activities. The implementation of PLB learning with teacher feedback was effective on students' mathematical communication skills with teacher feedback better than students who were taught with the Discovery learning learning model. The results showed that strong FI students achieved written and oral mathematical communication skills capable of completing 4 indicators. Students with moderate FI cognitive style on mathematical communication skills meet 4 indicators for oral and written communication skills. Students with a low FI cognitive style fulfill 1 indicator and students with moderate FD cognitive style in mathematical communication skills fulfill 3 indicators for oral and written communication skills. Students with low FI cognitive style meet 1 indicator.
Pemahaman Syariah dan Aplikasinya dengan Kenyataan Real di Indonesia
Authors: Zikra Alfiandi , Tanjung Dhiauddin
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explain the understanding of sharia and the impact of misunderstandings in understanding sharia in Indonesia. This study includes a qualitative study model with data collection techniques based on reference sources in the library and scientific references relevant to this title. Sharia is a basic legal norm that has been established by Allah which must be followed by Muslims based on faith related to morality, both related to their relationship with Allah and with fellow human beings. Sharia is actually the comprehensive teachings of the Islamic religion itself which contains provisions and rules of law and ethics which are all beneficial for the happiness of life in the world and the hereafter, but in practice the views of many people towards the term sharia are quite diverse and even some of them are quite implied if Leaving history to record at least three views that are misguided in understanding sharia so that it will keep Muslims away from where the true beauty of sharia freedom is: 1) The mistake of assuming that sharia is a variety of cutting hands and the like, 2) Assuming that sharia is only related to worship only 3) Shari'a sentences are only limited to symbols of the sacred and consider this to be quite noble.
Pengenalan Bentuk Geometri Melalui Media Puzzel pada Anak di TK Al Mursalat 2 Padang
Authors: Calista Rahma , Suryana Dadan , Mahyudin Nenny
Published: January 2023

Educational media is everything that can be used to deliver educational materials so that they stimulate the mind, interest, thoughts and feelings of students (students) in the educational program to achieve educational goals. Educational media is a tool or other material that provides a comprehensive type of information and can support the teaching and learning process. Learning to introduce geometric shapes at an early age certainly requires proper educational planning and support. Therefore, to increase the child's ability to introduce geometric shapes, you can use complex support. Assembling geometric shape puzzles can improve children's cognitive abilities. Philosophy (skills) is associated with the ability to learn and solve children's problems. In addition, it can improve children's social skills. Using content analysis methods and textbooks, this research attempts to explain the complex support for introducing geometric shapes in early childhood.
Gebelerde Doğum Korkusu Düzeyi ve İlişkili Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KANBUR Ayla , KOÇ Özlem
Published: January 2023

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, gebelerde doğum korkusu düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve doğum korkusuyla ilişkili bazı değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Çalışma kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın verileri, 1 Haziran-31 Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında bir kadın-doğum hastanesinin NST ünitesinde toplandı. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 291 gebe araştırma örneklemini oluşturdu. Çalışmada araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak hazılranmış 28 sorudan oluşan Çalışmada gebelerin sosyo-demografik ve obstetrik özelliklerini belirleyebilecek 28 sorudan oluşan anket formu ve VİJMA doğum beklentisi/deneyimi Ölçeği A versiyonu kullanılmıştır. (SOD), Katalaz (KAT) aktiviteleri, Glutatyon (GSH), Malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyleri ve inflamasyon belirteçleri (IL-1α, IL-1β) araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin VİJMA doğum beklentisi puan ortalaması 55,35+21,94’dür. Kesme noktasına göre değerlendirildiğinde gebelerin %21,6’sı düşük, %43,7’si orta, %26,5’i ağır ve %8,2’si klinik düzeyde doğum korkusu yaşamaktadır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucuna göre obstetrik değişkenlerden eş desteğinin olmaması ve önceki doğumda postpartum sorun yaşama durumu doğum korkusunun anlamlı ve pozitif yordayıcıları (β=0.15, p<0.05; β=0.19, p<0.05), gebelik haftası ise negatif yordayıcısıdır (β=-0.14, p<0.05). Bu üç değişken birlikte ele alındığında toplam varyansın %10’unu açıklamaktadır. (R2=0.105, adjusted R2=0.087, F=5.83, p<0.001). Çeşitli endişe nedenleri ile yapılan çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucuna göre doğumla ilgili endişe, doğumda ölme endişesi ve doğumda sağlık personelinin kötü davranmasından korkma endişesi doğum korkusunun anlamlı ve pozitif yordayıcılarıdır (β=0.12, p<0.05; β=0.15, p<0.01; β=0.12, p<0.05). Bu üç değişken birlikte değerlendirildiğinde toplam varyansın %0.72’sini açıklamaktadır. (R2=0.072, adjusted R2=0.059, F=5.51, p<0.001).Sonuç: Gebelerin çoğunlukla orta düzeyde doğum korkusu yaşadıkları belirlendi. Eş desteği, önceki doğumda postpartum sorun yaşama, gebelik haftası, doğumla ilgili endişe, doğumda ölme endişesi ve doğumda sağlık personelinin kötü davranmasından korkma endişesinin doğum korkusu ile ilişkili olduğu saptandı.
Can Early Programming Performance Predict Computer Science Students’ Success?
Authors: Sondakh, S.Kom, M.T, Ph.D Debby Erce , Pungus Stenly Richard
Published: January 2023

Investigating the possibility of lower-level computer programming courses predicting future performance of computer science students has received a lot of attention from scholars. This study mainly aimed to predict the success of computer science students based on their performance in the first two computer programming courses, namely Computer Programming I and Computer Programming II. The study employed a quantitative correlational design. Six years of data from graduating students were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the better the grade on Computer Programming I and II, the shorter the study duration. When further analysis was conducted to find out whether gender diversity exists, the results demonstrated that in Computer Programming I and II, female students outperformed males. Statistically, this difference was only significant in Computer Programming I. A greater proportion of female students graduated on time, yet it is not statistically significant.
Abbreviations in Homonymy
Authors: Bayramli Aynur Humay
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the phenomenon of homonymy in the field of abbreviation. Until now, homonymy has rarely been considered along with the topic of abbreviations, and yet it is all closely interconnected, since the frequency of using homonymous abbreviations in English literature is quite high. Despite the fact that there are quite numerous, albeit fragmentary, studies on the problems of abbreviation in modern languages, there is a small amount of research in the field of abbreviation-homonymous relations, abbreviated lexical units remain in many respects a mystery in linguistic terms, since in relation to them one has to consider from a specific point of view such fundamental problems as the problem of the structure of a word and its meaning, the problem of a morpheme, etc. This complexity explains the heterogeneity of opinions, and sometimes a contradictory approach to homonymous abbreviated lexical units.
PERBEDAAN FILSAFAT HUKUM DENGAN ILMU HUKUM
Authors: PRATAMA YOGI
Published: January 2023

Pada tahun 1960-an hingga 1970an praktik dan teori hukum di masyarakat tidakberjalan dengan maksimal atau belum sesuai dengan apa yang seharusnya. Hal ini menjadisalah satu pemicu lahirnya pemikiran hukum yang kritis atau disebut dengan critical legalstudies .
Pengembangan Bisnis Toserba di Tengah Resesi 2023
Authors: Maharani Puan Ayu
Published: January 2023

Beredarnya kabar bahwa Indonesia akan menghadapi resesi di tahun 2023, banyak masyarakat menganggap hal tersebut sebuah ancaman. Namun, saya melihat ada peluang baik terutama untuk menjalankan bisnis saya yaitu menciptakan sebuah aplikasi berbelanja online yang menjual beragam kebutuhan pokok dengan harga yang lebih murah. Meskipun masyarakat mengubah gaya hidup hemat, namun kebutuhan pokok akan terus dibutuhkan untuk melanjutkan kehidupannya. Sehingga, pengembangan bisnis toserba saya yang berupa aplikasi Bahagia Mart akan terus bertahan di tengah resesi 2023.
Academic writing and AI: Day-3 experiment with eco-surplus culture
Authors: Jin Ruining , Nguyen Minh-Hoang , La Viet-Phuong
Published: January 2023

To check the ability of AI to identify precise and detailed scientific information, I experiment with how accurate AI recognizes scientific terms, their origins, meanings, and usages, and whether the accuracy increases over time.
Assessment of B1 field dynamics of rats BOLD fMRI using the wavelet transform
Authors: Provins Céline , MacNicol Eilidh , Savary Elodie , Hagmann Patric , Esteban Oscar
Published: January 2023

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generates a radiofrequency field (B1) to frequency encode the object being imaged. Deviations from the nominal B1 field produce artifactual intensity nonuniformity (INU) across the image, which is problematic, especially for automated analyses that assume a tissue is represented by voxels of similar intensity throughout the image (Belaroussi et al. 2006). These artifacts are particularly exacerbated by receiver coil failures. Such events are difficult to capture as they tend to be short-lived and sporadic. In brain blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI), B1 field dynamics is usually visualized with a video of the scan to spot signal intensity changes, but this method is time-consuming and error-prone, as the human observer needs to keep focus during the whole video. Here, we showcase a visualization tool to assess B1 field dynamics and a derived summary metric to efficiently detect low spatial-frequency artifacts, such as transient INU.
Rangkuman New Venture Creation
Authors: Granada Aulia
Published: January 2023

Berisi rangkuman mengenai pembelajaran mata kuliah New Venture Creation selama periode 1 semester.
Archive for the ‘Survery on Bihar Media’ Category Dalits – Hindu or Muslim – are non-existent in Bihar Media: Study
Authors: Kashif-ul-Huda
Published: January 2023

A survey by media researchers has revealed that Dalit Hindus are only 1% in Bihari media. But senior journalists and editors are all upper-caste Hindus. A study conducted by Pramod Ranjan and published in a book, 'मीडिया में हिस्सेदारी: बिहार के मीडिया की सामाजिक पृष्ठभूमि का सर्वेक्षण' [Participation in the Media: A Survey of the Social Background of the Media in Bihar], looked at the caste affiliation of all journalists who occupy positions of influence in their respective organizations. The caste background of editors, news editors, bureau chiefs, senior journalists of Bihari media, and media organizations with a presence in Bihar was documented for this study. They looked at journalists working in Hindi and English print publications and Hindi and English electronic media, a total of 78 journalists working in 42 media organizations based in Patna. They found that almost all journalists with editorial influence in Hindi and English newspapers and electronic media are upper-caste Hindu males.
Bisnis Properti pada Resesi 2023
Authors: Herman Nicholas
Published: January 2023

Resesi merupakan sebuah kondisi dimana ekonomi negara sedang memburuk dan terlihat dari PDB negatif, pengangguran meningkat, hingga pertumbuhan ekonomi riil bernilai negatif selama dua kuartal berturut-turut. Pada hal ini yang menjadi pembicaraan utama adalah potensi resesi pada tahun 2023, latar belakang dari potensi resesi 2023 adalah mulai dari pandemic covid-19, konflik Rusia-Ukraina yang akhirnya bisa menyebabkan potensi resesi 2023. Resesi dalam prespektif makro ekonomi adalah kondisi dimana ketika produk domestic bruto atau GDP menurun atau ketika pertumbuhan ekonomi riil bernilai negatif selama dua kuartal atau lebih dalam satu tahun. Resesi ekonomi terjadi dikarenakan pertumbuhan sebuah negara berlangsung secara negatif hingga pada angka dua kuartal berturut-turut, kondisi ini terjadi karena ketidakstabilan dari investasi, pendapatan nasional, konsumsi, pengeluaran, hingga ekspor-impor. Ciri terjadinya resesi adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi yang negative, produksi dan konsumsi yang tidak seimbang, dan menurunnya lapangan kerja. Hal ini terjadi karena terlihat dari latar belakang dan ciri terjadinya resesi, kenaikan suku bunga untuk menahan laju inflasi yang meningkat akan memperlambat pertumbuhan PBD global.
Mengulik Kinerja Binusian pada EBC Expo 2022
Authors: Kalleya Calista
Published: January 2023

EBC Expo merupakan agenda tahunan yang dijalankan oleh program studi Entrepreneuship and Business Creation. EBC Expo 2022 yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 11-13 November 2022 pukul 09.00-21.00 WIB merupakan acara tahun kedua yang diperuntukkan kepada binusian 2023, memberikan kesempatan bagi binusian 2023 untuk memperkenalkan ide bisnisnya yang memasuki tahap enrichment. Didalamnya terdapat 28 wirausaha mahasiswa yang mengikuti pameran bisnis dari berbagai bidang usaha seperti Start-up pengembangan aplikasi, Food and Beverages,Kosmetik, Mainan Edukasi anak dan Fashion. Diharapkan dari dilaksanakannya EBC Expo tersebut, Binusian 2023 mendapatkan insight and feedback baru terkait bisnisnya dan memperbaiki strategi yang dirasa kurang efektif pada bisnisnya. Acara tersebut dikemas dalam bentuk expo produk dan jasa mahasiswa, penampilan UKM Band mahasiswa dan talkshow bersama alumsi Program studi Entrepreneurship and Business Creation. Seluruh rangkaian acara dikelola oleh pengelola program studi dengan dukungan Himpreneur yang merupakan organisasi mahasiswa Entrepreneurship dan Business Creation Binus University. Penyelenggaraan event EBC Expo tahun kedua ini mengusung tema “Celebrate Creativity and Innovation With Binus Young Entrepreneurs”.
ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM MENJADI SECERCHA HARAPAN HUKUM DIINDONESIA
Authors: wavinda restu adilla
Published: January 2023

Antropologi dapat dilihat dari 2 sisi yaitu Antropologi sebagai ilmu pengetahuan artinya bahwa Antropologi merupakan kumpulan pengetahuan-pengetahuan tentang kajian masyarakat dan kebudayaan yang disusun secara sistematis atas dasar pemikiran yang logis. Pengertian Antropologi yang kedua adalah cara-cara berpikir untuk mengungkapkan realitas sosial dan budaya yang ada dalam masyarakat dengan prosedur dan teori yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya secara ilmiah.
FILSAFAT HUKUM SEBAGAI ILMU PENGETAHUAN DASAR HUKUM
Authors: Pratama Rachmat Putra
Published: January 2023

Pengertian filsafat menurut kamus besar bahasa Indonesia adalah pengetahuan dan penyelidikan dengan akal budi mengenai hakikat segala yang ada sebab, asal dan hukumnya. Menurut Aristoles berpendapat bahwa filsafat adalah ilmu (pengetahuan) yang meliputi kebenaran yang terkandung didalamnya ilmu-ilmu metafisika, logika, retorika, etika, ekonomi, politik dan estetika. Socrates menyebutkan bahwa filsafat adalah ilmu yang berupaya untuk memahami hakikat alam dan realitas ada dengan mengandalkan akal budi. Pengertian filsafat secara umum hampir sama tetapi yang membedakan hanyalah dari para filsuf yang memaparkan teori filsafat tersebut. Kemudian munculnya zaman filsafat modern dengan perkembangan yang semakin berubah pula seiring perkembangan zaman. Sehingga dari asal mulai timbulnya filsafat yang dapat masuk kedalam setiap ilmu pengetahuan maka tidak menutup pula filsafat masuk kedalam bidang ilmu hukum sehingga dalam perkembangan ilmu filsafat menjadi diterapkan kedalam ilmu filsafat hukum.
日本のCOVID-19対応における多義語「クラスター」の用法: 2020年の記録
Authors: Tanaka Sigeto
Published: January 2023

"Cluster" is a term characterizing Japan's response to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in early 2020. Its usage is often confusing considering its multiple meanings. This study examined relevant literature, including government documents and media news, to explore the usage of the term between February 2020 and January 2021. The results show that the government and experts started using the term with three connotations in late February and early March 2020: (A) large-scale infection caused by one infector (super-spreader), (B) a chain of infection that can potentially expand, and (C) large-scale infection caused at a place or an event (group infection) regardless of the number of infectors. The use of the term with meaning A has since disappeared, while meanings B and C survived. The active surveillance system has consistently used meaning B. Meanwhile, local governments have used meaning C since early June 2020 with the concrete criterion that five or more cases should be involved, after some discrepancy in the earlier period. The central government once adopted the same usage, but subsequently showed a discrepancy by using meanings B and C interchangeably. Moreover, it expanded meaning C to include small-scale infections with four or fewer cases (C'). This change in the usage of the term reflects a latent change in the strategy of the government and its advisory experts. Focusing on defense against super-spreaders as their primary efforts to curb the spread of infection, they used the term "cluster" to connote super-spreaders in meaning A in the early stages of COVID-19. However, during the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, they implicitly shifted their focus to chains of small-scale infections. In order to determine the risks of infection of daily activities (eating and drinking in particular), they collected case reports of small-scale infections that they referred to as "cluster" in meaning C'. Therefore, "cluster" no longer represented the threat itself, but rather denoted a framework to determine cases representing activities with a certain level of risk that would not cause large-scale infection but could contribute to the spread of COVID-19 in the aggregate through several small-scale infections.
How and why to conduct a replication study
Authors: McManus Kevin
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, my aim is to introduce readers to some of the key components of conducting replication studies in L2 research. I approach this goal by reviewing some of the common approaches to replication in the field. This is followed by a condensed guide for conducting replication studies in L2 research.
The Wisdom of Timely Crowds
Authors: Himmelstein Mark , Budescu David , Han Ying
Published: January 2023

In most forecasting contexts, each target event has a resolution time point at which the “ground truth” is revealed or determined. It is reasonable to expect that as time passes, and information relevant to the event resolution accrues, the accuracy of individual forecasts will improve. For example, we expect forecasts about stock prices on a given date to be more accurate as that date approaches, or forecasts about sport tournament winners to become more accurate as the tournament progresses. This time dependence presents several issues for extracting the wisdom of crowds, and for optimizing differential weights when members of the crowd forecast the same event at different times. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges associated with this time dependence and survey the quality of the various solutions in terms of collective accuracy. To illustrate, we use data from the Hybrid Forecasting competition, where volunteer non-professional forecasters predicted multiple geopolitical events with time horizons of several weeks or months, as well as data from the European Central Bank’s Survey of Professional Forecasters which includes only a few select macroeconomic indices, but much longer time horizons (in some cases, several years). We address the problem of forecaster assessment, by showing how model-based methods may be used as an alternative to proper scoring rules for evaluating the accuracy of individual forecasters; how information aggregation can weigh concerns of forecast recency as well as sufficient crowd size; and explore the relationship between crowd size, forecast timing and aggregate accuracy. We also provide recommendations both for managers seeking to select the best analysts from the crowd, as well as aggregators looking to make the most of the overall crowd wisdom.
Assessing Goal-oriented Behavior in Virtual Reality: Children Prefer Head-mounted Displays but Flat Screens Provide a Viable Performance Measure for Remote Testing
Authors: Seesjärvi Erik , Laine Matti , Kasteenpohja Kaisla , Salmitaival Juha
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: EPELI (Executive Performance of Everyday LIving) is a Virtual Reality (VR) task that has been developed to study goal-directed behavior in everyday life contexts. To see if an immersive version implemented with a head-mounted display (HMD) and a non-immersive version employing a flat screen display (FSD) yield similar results, we had 72 typically developing 9- to 13-year-old children to play both versions in a counterbalanced order. The children’s everyday executive functions were assessed with the parent-rated Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF) questionnaire. To assess the applicability of EPELI for online testing, half of the FSD version gameplays were conducted remotely and the rest in the laboratory.RESULTS: All EPELI performance measures were correlated across the versions. The children’s performance was mostly similar in the two versions, but small effects reflecting higher performance in FSD-EPELI were found in the measures of Total score, Task efficacy, and Time-based prospective memory score. The children engaged in more active time monitoring in FSD-EPELI. While the children evaluated the feeling of presence and the usability of both versions favorably, most children preferred HMD-EPELI, and evaluated its environment to be more involving and realistic. Both versions showed only negligible problems with the interface quality. No differences in task performance or subjective evaluations were found between the home-based and laboratory-based assessments of FSD-EPELI. In both EPELI versions, the efficacy measures were correlated with BRIEF on the first assessment, but not on the second. This raises questions about the stability of the associations reported between executive function tasks and questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Both the HMD and FSD versions of EPELI are viable tools for the naturalistic assessment of goal-directed behavior in children. While the HMD version provides a more immersive user experience and naturalistic movement tracking, the FSD version can maximize scalability, reachability, and cost efficacy, as it can be used with common hardware and remotely. Taken together, the findings highlight similarities between the HMD and FSD versions of a cognitively complex VR task, but also underline the specific advantages of these common presentation modes.
Testing the effect of report modality on psychophysical sensitivity yields inconclusive results
Authors: Hulme Ollie , Roulston Barrie , Overgaard Morten
Published: January 2023

In the study of perception, motoric reports are the principal means by which subjective experience is experimentally inferred. A widely held and implicit assumption in such experiments is that the motor action conveys, but does not tamper with, perceptual experience. In a cross-over repeated measures design, we tested nine observers on a luminance detection task. In separate conditions, observers reported their detection via movements of either their hands or eyes. Using Bayesian statistics we found only anecdotal evidence for any modality-dependent difference in psychophysical sensitivity. In the context of several reports suggesting the existence of report-dependent perceptual effects, the anecdotal evidence offered here, unfortunately, does not shift credence in either direction. Thus more extensive sampling of this putative phenomenon is needed and encouraged.
Improving Understanding of the Concept of the Effect of Temperature on Fluid Flow Characteristics Through Experimental Methods for Engineering Students
Authors: Hadiningrum Kunlestiowati , Muldiani Ratu Fenny , Pratama Defrianto
Published: January 2023

This research is motivated by the high need for dynamic fluid concepts in the industrial world. to research the increased understanding of the concept of the influence of temperature on the characteristics of fluid flow which is part of the subject matter of fluid dynamics, an experimental module was prepared based on the optimization results of the appropriate physical quantities through testing of experimental instruments. The research aims to know the understanding the concept of the influence of temperature on the characteristics of fluid flow through experimental activities, to support the learning of dynamic fluid concepts for engineering students at the Bandung State Polytechnic. The research method uses quasi-experimental research, with experimental class learning treatment through theory and experimentation, while in the control class only through theory. To examine the effect of the experimental method on learning outcomes of conceptual understanding with 7 indicators using simple statistical analysis techniques. The results of the data analysis obtained an increase in understanding of the concept of the group of students who carried out experimental activities higher than the group of students who only received learning in theory class. The results of the normality test for the experimental class and control classes stated that the pre-test and post-test data were normally distributed. The results of the accumulated percentage of respondents' questionnaires, as many as 92.1% of respondents gave positive responses (strongly agreed and agreed) on quality and only 7.9% of respondents gave ordinary responses. Based on the average N-Gain, it was obtained that the experimental class had a greater N-Gain value than the control class, then based on the t-test, students' understanding of the concepts of the experimental class and the control class had a significant difference after being given treatment, it can be interpreted that the class that received experimental learning was more have a higher conceptual understanding.
Determinants of Interest Rate Spread of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Shrestha Purna Man
Published: January 2023

This paper has analysed the determinants of interest rate spread (IRS) of Nepalese commercial banks. The panel data of 25 commercial banks from 2013/14 to 2020/21 was used for the analysis. The study used return on assets (ROA), management efficiency (ME), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), assets quality (AQ), and credit risk (CR, and operational efficiency (OE) as the bank specific determinants and inflation (INF) and growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) as the macroeconomic determinants. Using the random effect model, the paper finds ROA, CR, ME, and OE as the major bank specific determinants and INF and GDP as the major macroeconomic determinants of interest rate spread. Similarly, the role of ROA, CR, INF and GDP was found to be positive while that of ME and OE was discovered as a negative role in determining IRS of Nepalese commercial banks. The findings of this study can be useful in formulating policies on the spread rate of interest.
People Perception on Business Opportunities of Banana Restaurants of Tikapur: Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Singh Bharat Jung , Devkota Niranjan , Dhakal Krishna , Mahato Surendra , Paudel Udaya Raj
Published: January 2023

Banana restaurant is a new concept in Nepal where the products are made using banana only which gives the first mover advantage in product development and has less explored in Nepal. Therefore, this study aims to analyse consumers’ perception and business opportunity of banana restaurant in Tikapur, Kailali, Nepal. This study adopted explanatory research, and 203 samples were collected from consumers of banana restaurants. In addition, data were collected using structured questionnaire by using KOBO Toolbox. Thus, the obtained data were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential methods. Findings indicate that consumers perceive products of banana restaurant positively and are enjoying the variety of products. Likewise, SEM results indicate that psychological, economic and social characteristics are significant to innovativeness and risk taking, whereas innovativeness and risk taking are significant to managerial performance. Banana restaurant has been contributing with local employment and shows the high level of business opportunity of the banana products in the market of Tikapur (Kailali, Western Nepal).
Factors Influencing Impulsive Buying Behaviour of Women in Supermarkets of Nepal
Authors: KC Ajita , Tamang Puja
Published: January 2023

The primary goal of this study is to examine the factors influencing Nepalese women's impulsive buying behaviour in supermarkets. Cross-sectional research design was adopted for carrying out the study in which 211 responses were collected both online and in printed form. Selection of respondents was based on convenience and judgement sampling. Women's impulsive purchasing behaviour in supermarkets was found to be highly influenced by their financial independence and the store environment. Further, the outcomes of the study reveal that women are more inclined to shop when they have the financial means to pay for their items by themselves, while the store environment influences women to adjust their inflexible shopping lists. So, supermarkets are advised to arrange the store with good ambience and friendly staffs. Future studies shall take a broader geographic perspective and factors like packaging, culture, and way of life into consideration.
Mathematical Model of the Relationship Between Four Noble Truths
Authors: Basnet Basant Kumar
Published: January 2023

Four Noble truths are the foundation for Buddhism and are more significant in Buddha’s teaching. Moreover, the four noble truths and noble eightfold path were taken as a vessel to transcend Buddha’s self-realisation into collective understanding. This paper focuses on investigating the interrelationship between four noble truths using existing mathematical models. The study follows a qualitative research design, inductive approach, and content analysis strategy for collecting and analysing the data. Furthermore, conditional relation and biconditional relation were also applied as a tool for finding the results. The literature suggests that the first major section of four noble truths contains first and second noble truth (related to each other) is related to the realm of death and rebirth whereas the second major section that contains third and fourth noble truths (related to each other) is not the part of cause and effect. However, it was found that the first, second, and fourth noble truths are related to each other by the relation of cause and effect which is shown in mathematical relation (model).
An Analysis of Factors Causing Socio-Economic Impacts of The Urban Sprawl: A Case Study on Wattala-Mabole Urban Council Area and its Outskirts, Sri Lanka
Authors: Rewathy K. , Hettiarachchi H. A. N.
Published: January 2023

Urban expansion in adjacent areas has been addressed by different dimensions depending on the context. Sri Lanka is gradually developing, and urban areas have mostly expanded in an unplanned manner resulting in uncontrolled urban sprawl in their new territories. Similarly, the Wattala-Mabole urban council area also has a site of urban sprawling. The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the different factors which generate the socio-economic impacts of the urban sprawl in the study area. Further, the paper examines the challenges and opportunities of urban sprawl in the urban council and its surrounding areas. The methodological steps for the study include a questionnaire survey and interviews, and secondary data for the spatial analysis. Moreover, the spatial data have been analyzed through geographic information system applications. This study identified major factors of the urban sprawl which generate socio- economic impacts such as ‘monthly household income impacts the accommodation of the community, and unemployment causes robbery and illegal activities.’ Moreover, the rapid growth of urban council outskirts causes an increase in land value unaffordability. It was stated by the urban council that the service industries, warehouses, and massive production factories have utilized most of the low-lying lands in the outskirt area at comparatively low prices. Hence, this rejuvenated urban growth. Further, the study found that some people who are living in urban fringes gain economic benefits due to the urban sprawl by providing accommodations to the migrants, and having more business opportunities and demand for goods. However, both the urban and outskirt dwellers face socio-economic and environment related problems due to the urban sprawl. Thus, national and local governments should step ahead and implement policies to overcome the issues of the community.
Limitations and Barriers Affecting Rural Married Women in Resorting to Modern Contraceptive Methods
Authors: Dissanayaka I. M. , Siriwardhana W. S. N.
Published: January 2023

Limitations and barriers affecting the use of modern contraceptive methods among rural married women in centering the research topic in an experimental space focused on identifying the limitations and barriers affecting the use of modern contraceptive methods among rural married women as the main research objective. In that way, by identifying the individual- centric factors, household-centric factors, sociological factors and socio-cultural factors that influence rural married women to resort to modern contraceptive methods, attention is paid to the policy requirement of inducing modern contraceptive methods to rural women and presenting positive solutions and proposals. A sample of 100 people was taken as purposive sampling under non- random purposive sampling method for the study. Primary data was collected through interviews under survey method. According to the results, identification of barriers and barriers affecting the use of modern contraceptive methods among rural married women. In the study, it was verified that the influence of husband, social support, family culture, social influence and lack of contraceptive education are barriers and restrictions affecting rural married women to refrain from using modern contraceptive methods. Modern deconstructive methods should be disseminated to the rural woman by understanding the wrong attitudes and knowledge centered in social knowledge. Also, it was evident through the study that policy makers and mediators should focus on providing formal education and emphasis on the reproductive rights of rural women.
Determination of the position of the openings of the facial part of the skull in relation to craniological points and bony landmarks depending on the facial index of a person of mature age
Authors: Onashko Yu. M. , Vovk O. Yu. , Dubina S. O. , Sosonna L. O. , Yakymenko R. O.
Published: January 2023

Annotation. Knowing the exact position of the openings in the facial part of the skull, through which vessels and nerves pass, is extremely important for performing operative, reconstructive and other interventions in this area. Since there is considerable variability in the position of the supraorbital (SOH), infraorbital (IOH) and submental (SMOH) holes, the purpose of our work is to determine the exact spatial position of the above-mentioned holes relative to cranial points and bony landmarks depending on the facial index of a mature person. Studies were conducted on 52 bone preparations of skulls using commonly accepted instruments and 60 CT images of mature Caucasians without pathology of the bones of the facial part of the skull. Studies on CT images were carried out using a virtual Anatomage table using the Launching Table 6.0 Application program. Statistical methods were used to analyze the obtained measurement results in our research, which was carried out with the help of the Microsoft Excel 2010 © licensed program package and with the help of the “STATISTYCA” program. To determine the interdependence of features in the general population, a correlation analysis was performed. In the course of the study, we determined the average values of the distances from the SOH, IOH and SMOH to the following craniological points: nasion (n.), nasospinale (ns) and frontomalare orbitale (fmo) depending on the facial index. Analyzing the obtained data, significant differences in the position of the above-mentioned openings to the corresponding craniological points were clearly observed depending on the type of structure of the facial part of the skull. There was an increase in the distances from the SOH and IOH to the nasion point and the frontmolar orbital point in euryprosopics, and smaller results were obtained in leptoprosopics. The average values of the distance indicators from the SOH, IOH and SMOH to the nasolabial point were significantly larger in leptoprosopics, in contrast to euryprosopics. When determining the size of the supraorbital margin and the distance from the SOH to the supraorbital margin, euryprosopics prevailed. The obtained results of measuring the distance from the IOH to the edge of the upper jaw and from the SMOH to the upper and lower edges of the lower jaw indicate an increase in these distances in long-faced (leptoprosopic) in contrast to wide-faced (euryprosopic). The results of the study indicate the dependence of the position of the openings of the facial part of the skull on the facial index, which will make it easier in clinical practice to determine the position of the nerves and vessels coming out of these openings.
Marketing analysis of medicines based on the active substance St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.).
Authors: Kremenska L. V. , Zlahoda V. S. , Kryklyva S. D. , Balitska O. P. , Balynska M. V. , Klimas L A.
Published: January 2023

Annotation. Medicinal plant St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L) is widely used in medicine in many countries of the world as a natural antidepressant, and due to its antitumor and cytotoxic effects. Research is being actively conducted on the use of St. John's wort in other areas of medicine. The purpose of the study is a marketing analysis of medicinal products that are registered in Ukraine with the active ingredient St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). The research material was data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine in 2022, declared wholesale and retail prices in Ukraine as of October 2022. The research methods were frequency and content analysis. According to the ATS classification of medicinal products with the active ingredient St. John's wort on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, the presence of 4 groups has been established: A - agents affecting the digestive system and metabolism, N - agents affecting the nervous system, L - antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents, G-agents affecting the genitourinary system and sex hormones. According to the declared wholesale and retail prices as of October 2022, various forms of release of medicines were established, namely tablets, capsules, collections, solutions, herbs, drops, tinctures, syrups and balms. The cost of various dosage forms with the active ingredient St. John's wort was determined. It was established that the cost of 1 package ranges from UAH 10.57 to UAH 474.21. As a result of the content analysis, an assortment of medicinal forms registered on the territory of Ukraine and consisting of 27 trade names was established. The medical fees are presented by 5 TN and occupy 18.52% of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. According to the ATS classification, the largest group of drugs with the active ingredient St. John's wort is group A – drugs that affect the digestive system and metabolism. During the analysis of manufacturers of modern dosage forms it was established that the ratio of domestic and foreign production is 3:1, where domestic dosage forms make up 74%. In the future, it is planned to carry out a more detailed content analysis of drugs, taking into account accessibility for the consumer/patient and the development of new complex drugs that based on St. John's wort.
The level of hydrogen sulfide and morphological changes in the aorta of rats under the influence of vitamin D under the conditions of modulation of the H2S / cystathionine-γ-lyase system
Authors: Ostrenyuk R. S. , Zaichko N. V.
Published: January 2023

Annotation. Vitamin D and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) belong to pleitropic regulators, which are involved in the control of many cellular functions and biochemical processes, determine the adaptive potential of the cardiovascular system. The relationship between vitamin D and the H2S system is not fully investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the active form of vitamin D - calcitriol (1,25 (OH)2D3) on the morphological state of the thoracic aorta of rats and the level of it’s saturation with hydrogen sulfide under the conditions of the H2S / cystathionine-γ-lyase system modulation. The experiments were performed on 90 white male laboratory rats in accordance with the principles of bioethics (Strasbourg, 1986). 1,25(OH)2D3 was administered in doses of 0.1 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg for 4 weeks. Propargylglycine (50 mg/kg) and NaHS (1 mg/kg) were used to modulate the state of the H2S/cystathionine-γ-lyase system. The content of H2S was determined in the thoracic aorta and morphological changes were evaluated. Statistical calculations were performed in IBM Statistics SPSS 26, differences were evaluated in the Mann-Whitney test at the significance level of p<0.05. It was established that 1,25 (OH)2D3 in a dose of 1.0 μg/kg leads to the formation of H2S deficiency and a complex of morphological changes in the aorta, which are manifested by damage of epithelial cells and stromal elements, and the formation of calcifications. Modulation of the H2S / cystathionine-γ-lyase system is a factor that modifies the effect of high doses of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on vessels: H2S deficiency increases damage of the vascular wall, while increasing tissue H2S saturation has the opposite effect. 1,25 (OH)2D3 in a dose of 0.1 μg/kg shows the ability to increase the level of endogenous H2S and reduces the development of pathological changes in blood vessels under the conditions of long-term inhibition of the H2S / cystathionine-γ-lyase system.